abstract: @entity1282 , a disorder of uncertain pathogenesis, is most frequently found in @entity1 with associated @entity354 . Seven @entity1 who had dominant @entity1282 were evaluated. Manometry showed characteristic motor incoordination. Biochemical profiles and endoscopy were normal. Electronmicroscopic examination of the cricopharyngeal muscle biopsy specimens obtained during myotomy showed significant @entity854 . These included numerous and aberrant mitochondria, increased glycogen, lipid inclusions, and phagolysozomes. A striking finding was the presence of numerous nemaline rods in five of seven biopsy specimens examined. The pathologic changes in this muscle in cryopharyngeal @entity1282 have not been reported previously. Structural changes are thought to be a secondary response to @entity130 . Nemaline rods form part of the structural abnormality of muscle in @entity1 who have cricopharyngeal @entity2026 with no evidence of underlying generalized disease or @entity121 .

title: Nemaline rods in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['ultrastructural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['dysphasia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['cricopharyngeal dysphagia', 'Cricopharyngeal dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['reflux injury']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['cricopharyngeal dysphagia']


abstract: Successful immunotherapy of early s.c. or i.p. (B16) @entity320 in syngeneic C57BL/6 (B6) @entity19 was achieved with s.c. peri-lesional injections (for s.c. @entity5 ) or i.p. injections (for i.p. @entity5 ) of recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) and recombinant @entity19 interferon-gamma ( @entity3692 ). Over a 28-day period, @entity5041 and @entity3692 were injected 14 times. Results with this combination were additive with s.c. @entity5 and synergistic with i.p. @entity5 . Treatment with 6,250 U-25,000 U of @entity5041 and 2 micrograms of @entity3692 began 1-3 days after s.c. inoculation of @entity320 . On day 50, 87% (72/83) of @entity19 thus treated were completely free of @entity5 . None of the 78 control @entity19 ( @entity5 + buffer) survived. Of @entity19 receiving either @entity5041 or @entity3692 alone, 59% (47/79) and 53% (44/83), respectively, were @entity5 -free. I.p. @entity5 were also eradicated by i.p. injections of @entity5041 (50,000 U) with @entity3692 (5, 10, and 15 micrograms) as judged by absence of @entity5 in 81% (21/26) of @entity19 autopsied between days 45 and 65. No control @entity19 survived, and only 17% (2/12) and 20% (6/30) given either @entity5041 or @entity3692 separately (i.p.) were @entity5 -free. Doses of @entity3692 from 1-4 micrograms were more beneficial in eliminating 1-day s.c. @entity320 than were higher doses, and local s.c. treatment was far superior to distant or systemic treatment. Non-adherent peritoneal or splenic cells from @entity19 bearing 6-day-old i.p. @entity320 and treated with one or both lymphokines on days 3 and 4 were used in @entity137 assays in vitro. Significant @entity137 against cultured @entity320 cells was displayed by cells harvested from lymphokine-treated @entity19 , but there was no evidence of the synergism observed with combination treatment of i.p. @entity5 in vivo. @entity3692 inhibited proliferation of @entity320 cells in vitro, whereas @entity5041 stimulated proliferation at 1,000 U/ml. Plating efficiency was increased by at least 30% by culture with 100 U or 1,000 U of @entity5041 /ml and both concentrations neutralized the inhibitory effect of 0.05 ng/ml of @entity60 , but not of 0.5 or 5.0 ng/ml.

title: Eradication of @entity19 @entity320 by combined treatment with recombinant @entity1 XXXX and recombinant @entity19 interferon-gamma.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin 2']


abstract: Successful immunotherapy of early s.c. or i.p. (B16) @entity320 in syngeneic C57BL/6 (B6) @entity19 was achieved with s.c. peri-lesional injections (for s.c. @entity5 ) or i.p. injections (for i.p. @entity5 ) of recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) and recombinant @entity19 interferon-gamma ( @entity3692 ). Over a 28-day period, @entity5041 and @entity3692 were injected 14 times. Results with this combination were additive with s.c. @entity5 and synergistic with i.p. @entity5 . Treatment with 6,250 U-25,000 U of @entity5041 and 2 micrograms of @entity3692 began 1-3 days after s.c. inoculation of @entity320 . On day 50, 87% (72/83) of @entity19 thus treated were completely free of @entity5 . None of the 78 control @entity19 ( @entity5 + buffer) survived. Of @entity19 receiving either @entity5041 or @entity3692 alone, 59% (47/79) and 53% (44/83), respectively, were @entity5 -free. I.p. @entity5 were also eradicated by i.p. injections of @entity5041 (50,000 U) with @entity3692 (5, 10, and 15 micrograms) as judged by absence of @entity5 in 81% (21/26) of @entity19 autopsied between days 45 and 65. No control @entity19 survived, and only 17% (2/12) and 20% (6/30) given either @entity5041 or @entity3692 separately (i.p.) were @entity5 -free. Doses of @entity3692 from 1-4 micrograms were more beneficial in eliminating 1-day s.c. @entity320 than were higher doses, and local s.c. treatment was far superior to distant or systemic treatment. Non-adherent peritoneal or splenic cells from @entity19 bearing 6-day-old i.p. @entity320 and treated with one or both lymphokines on days 3 and 4 were used in @entity137 assays in vitro. Significant @entity137 against cultured @entity320 cells was displayed by cells harvested from lymphokine-treated @entity19 , but there was no evidence of the synergism observed with combination treatment of i.p. @entity5 in vivo. @entity3692 inhibited proliferation of @entity320 cells in vitro, whereas @entity5041 stimulated proliferation at 1,000 U/ml. Plating efficiency was increased by at least 30% by culture with 100 U or 1,000 U of @entity5041 /ml and both concentrations neutralized the inhibitory effect of 0.05 ng/ml of @entity60 , but not of 0.5 or 5.0 ng/ml.

title: Eradication of @entity19 XXXX by combined treatment with recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 and recombinant @entity19 interferon-gamma.

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Successful immunotherapy of early s.c. or i.p. (B16) @entity320 in syngeneic C57BL/6 (B6) @entity19 was achieved with s.c. peri-lesional injections (for s.c. @entity5 ) or i.p. injections (for i.p. @entity5 ) of recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) and recombinant @entity19 interferon-gamma ( @entity3692 ). Over a 28-day period, @entity5041 and @entity3692 were injected 14 times. Results with this combination were additive with s.c. @entity5 and synergistic with i.p. @entity5 . Treatment with 6,250 U-25,000 U of @entity5041 and 2 micrograms of @entity3692 began 1-3 days after s.c. inoculation of @entity320 . On day 50, 87% (72/83) of @entity19 thus treated were completely free of @entity5 . None of the 78 control @entity19 ( @entity5 + buffer) survived. Of @entity19 receiving either @entity5041 or @entity3692 alone, 59% (47/79) and 53% (44/83), respectively, were @entity5 -free. I.p. @entity5 were also eradicated by i.p. injections of @entity5041 (50,000 U) with @entity3692 (5, 10, and 15 micrograms) as judged by absence of @entity5 in 81% (21/26) of @entity19 autopsied between days 45 and 65. No control @entity19 survived, and only 17% (2/12) and 20% (6/30) given either @entity5041 or @entity3692 separately (i.p.) were @entity5 -free. Doses of @entity3692 from 1-4 micrograms were more beneficial in eliminating 1-day s.c. @entity320 than were higher doses, and local s.c. treatment was far superior to distant or systemic treatment. Non-adherent peritoneal or splenic cells from @entity19 bearing 6-day-old i.p. @entity320 and treated with one or both lymphokines on days 3 and 4 were used in @entity137 assays in vitro. Significant @entity137 against cultured @entity320 cells was displayed by cells harvested from lymphokine-treated @entity19 , but there was no evidence of the synergism observed with combination treatment of i.p. @entity5 in vivo. @entity3692 inhibited proliferation of @entity320 cells in vitro, whereas @entity5041 stimulated proliferation at 1,000 U/ml. Plating efficiency was increased by at least 30% by culture with 100 U or 1,000 U of @entity5041 /ml and both concentrations neutralized the inhibitory effect of 0.05 ng/ml of @entity60 , but not of 0.5 or 5.0 ng/ml.

title: Eradication of XXXX @entity320 by combined treatment with recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 and recombinant @entity19 interferon-gamma.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Successful immunotherapy of early s.c. or i.p. (B16) @entity320 in syngeneic C57BL/6 (B6) @entity19 was achieved with s.c. peri-lesional injections (for s.c. @entity5 ) or i.p. injections (for i.p. @entity5 ) of recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) and recombinant @entity19 interferon-gamma ( @entity3692 ). Over a 28-day period, @entity5041 and @entity3692 were injected 14 times. Results with this combination were additive with s.c. @entity5 and synergistic with i.p. @entity5 . Treatment with 6,250 U-25,000 U of @entity5041 and 2 micrograms of @entity3692 began 1-3 days after s.c. inoculation of @entity320 . On day 50, 87% (72/83) of @entity19 thus treated were completely free of @entity5 . None of the 78 control @entity19 ( @entity5 + buffer) survived. Of @entity19 receiving either @entity5041 or @entity3692 alone, 59% (47/79) and 53% (44/83), respectively, were @entity5 -free. I.p. @entity5 were also eradicated by i.p. injections of @entity5041 (50,000 U) with @entity3692 (5, 10, and 15 micrograms) as judged by absence of @entity5 in 81% (21/26) of @entity19 autopsied between days 45 and 65. No control @entity19 survived, and only 17% (2/12) and 20% (6/30) given either @entity5041 or @entity3692 separately (i.p.) were @entity5 -free. Doses of @entity3692 from 1-4 micrograms were more beneficial in eliminating 1-day s.c. @entity320 than were higher doses, and local s.c. treatment was far superior to distant or systemic treatment. Non-adherent peritoneal or splenic cells from @entity19 bearing 6-day-old i.p. @entity320 and treated with one or both lymphokines on days 3 and 4 were used in @entity137 assays in vitro. Significant @entity137 against cultured @entity320 cells was displayed by cells harvested from lymphokine-treated @entity19 , but there was no evidence of the synergism observed with combination treatment of i.p. @entity5 in vivo. @entity3692 inhibited proliferation of @entity320 cells in vitro, whereas @entity5041 stimulated proliferation at 1,000 U/ml. Plating efficiency was increased by at least 30% by culture with 100 U or 1,000 U of @entity5041 /ml and both concentrations neutralized the inhibitory effect of 0.05 ng/ml of @entity60 , but not of 0.5 or 5.0 ng/ml.

title: Eradication of @entity19 @entity320 by combined treatment with recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 and recombinant XXXX interferon-gamma.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Successful immunotherapy of early s.c. or i.p. (B16) @entity320 in syngeneic C57BL/6 (B6) @entity19 was achieved with s.c. peri-lesional injections (for s.c. @entity5 ) or i.p. injections (for i.p. @entity5 ) of recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) and recombinant @entity19 interferon-gamma ( @entity3692 ). Over a 28-day period, @entity5041 and @entity3692 were injected 14 times. Results with this combination were additive with s.c. @entity5 and synergistic with i.p. @entity5 . Treatment with 6,250 U-25,000 U of @entity5041 and 2 micrograms of @entity3692 began 1-3 days after s.c. inoculation of @entity320 . On day 50, 87% (72/83) of @entity19 thus treated were completely free of @entity5 . None of the 78 control @entity19 ( @entity5 + buffer) survived. Of @entity19 receiving either @entity5041 or @entity3692 alone, 59% (47/79) and 53% (44/83), respectively, were @entity5 -free. I.p. @entity5 were also eradicated by i.p. injections of @entity5041 (50,000 U) with @entity3692 (5, 10, and 15 micrograms) as judged by absence of @entity5 in 81% (21/26) of @entity19 autopsied between days 45 and 65. No control @entity19 survived, and only 17% (2/12) and 20% (6/30) given either @entity5041 or @entity3692 separately (i.p.) were @entity5 -free. Doses of @entity3692 from 1-4 micrograms were more beneficial in eliminating 1-day s.c. @entity320 than were higher doses, and local s.c. treatment was far superior to distant or systemic treatment. Non-adherent peritoneal or splenic cells from @entity19 bearing 6-day-old i.p. @entity320 and treated with one or both lymphokines on days 3 and 4 were used in @entity137 assays in vitro. Significant @entity137 against cultured @entity320 cells was displayed by cells harvested from lymphokine-treated @entity19 , but there was no evidence of the synergism observed with combination treatment of i.p. @entity5 in vivo. @entity3692 inhibited proliferation of @entity320 cells in vitro, whereas @entity5041 stimulated proliferation at 1,000 U/ml. Plating efficiency was increased by at least 30% by culture with 100 U or 1,000 U of @entity5041 /ml and both concentrations neutralized the inhibitory effect of 0.05 ng/ml of @entity60 , but not of 0.5 or 5.0 ng/ml.

title: Eradication of @entity19 @entity320 by combined treatment with recombinant XXXX @entity1199 and recombinant @entity19 interferon-gamma.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of @entity5 rehabilitation is to enable @entity1 to attain and maintain optimal physical, psychological and social functioning. We evaluated the effect on health behavior, BMI and self-rated health of a residential psychosocial rehabilitation course for @entity5 @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 with a primary @entity0 were randomized to either a six-day multi-focus psychosocial residential rehabilitation intervention that included lectures, discussions and peer group discussions on issues related to treatment and life with @entity5 or to usual care. The end points were changes in smoking, @entity167 consumption, physical activity, body mass index and self-rated health between baseline and follow-up after one and six months. The primary analyses included all @entity1 who received their allocated condition. The two follow-up times were analyzed separately in general linear and logistic regression models for continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. The analyses were adjusted for baseline outcome score, @entity5 site, time since diagnosis, age and education. RESULTS: Of the 507 @entity1 who were randomly assigned, 452 were included in the analysis, of whom 404 completed the one month and 394 completed the six month assessment. The intervention group showed slightly more positive changes in health behavior, BMI and self-rated health than the usual care group, but the differences between the groups were small and not significant. DISCUSSION: Participation in a six-day @entity5 rehabilitation course did not significantly influence health behavior, BMI or self-rated health among @entity5 @entity1 .

title: No change in health behavior, BMI or self-rated health after a XXXX rehabilitation: Results of a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the breast, prostate, colon or rectum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['psychosocial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of @entity177 requiring transient or chronic dialysis and its contributing factors in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ) between 1981 and 2000 in Finland. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study using hospital discharge registers with a review of hospital case reports. Data were complemented with files from the Finnish Registry for @entity8 . All files were reviewed by 8 October 2005. RESULTS: A total of 492 @entity1 received a verified diagnosis of @entity2883 in 1981-2000. Of these, 84 (17%) needed dialysis by the end of follow-up. Of the 84 dialysed @entity1 , 32 (38%) recovered initially, 32 (38%) needed chronic dialysis (dialysed > 3 months), and 19 (23%) received a kidney transplant. Forty-one (49%) of the dialysed @entity1 were alive at the end of follow-up: 16 with a kidney transplant, 14 on dialysis, and 11 without dialysis. The cumulative rate of developing renal involvement leading to dialysis was 14.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.6-18.2] at 5 years and 29.6% (95% CI 21.5-40.0) at 20 years after onset of @entity2883 symptoms. Elevated @entity1011 levels at presentation were associated with an increased rate of @entity177 requiring chronic dialysis. Age, gender, and involvement of any particular organ system had no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2883 @entity1 are at great risk of developing @entity177 , and this risk increases as the disease progresses. Elevated @entity1011 levels at presentation are associated with an increased risk of dialysis-dependent @entity454 .

title: @entity2883 in Finland in 1981-2000: risk of dialysis-dependent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', "Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of @entity177 requiring transient or chronic dialysis and its contributing factors in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ) between 1981 and 2000 in Finland. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study using hospital discharge registers with a review of hospital case reports. Data were complemented with files from the Finnish Registry for @entity8 . All files were reviewed by 8 October 2005. RESULTS: A total of 492 @entity1 received a verified diagnosis of @entity2883 in 1981-2000. Of these, 84 (17%) needed dialysis by the end of follow-up. Of the 84 dialysed @entity1 , 32 (38%) recovered initially, 32 (38%) needed chronic dialysis (dialysed > 3 months), and 19 (23%) received a kidney transplant. Forty-one (49%) of the dialysed @entity1 were alive at the end of follow-up: 16 with a kidney transplant, 14 on dialysis, and 11 without dialysis. The cumulative rate of developing renal involvement leading to dialysis was 14.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.6-18.2] at 5 years and 29.6% (95% CI 21.5-40.0) at 20 years after onset of @entity2883 symptoms. Elevated @entity1011 levels at presentation were associated with an increased rate of @entity177 requiring chronic dialysis. Age, gender, and involvement of any particular organ system had no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2883 @entity1 are at great risk of developing @entity177 , and this risk increases as the disease progresses. Elevated @entity1011 levels at presentation are associated with an increased risk of dialysis-dependent @entity454 .

title: XXXX in Finland in 1981-2000: risk of dialysis-dependent @entity8 .

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: This study compares the results of cysticercus-specific IgG antibody levels, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with brain CT findings in suspected @entity6583 and to assess the clinical significance of ELISA. One hundred twenty-three neurologic @entity1 were examined by both brain CT and ELISA. Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA in confirmed cases were 94% and 91%, respectively. @entity1 with @entity45 without enhancement on CT, which were thought to represent viable cysticerci, were positive by ELISA. Those with cysts with enhancement or poorly defined low densities or enhancing nodules, which represented @entity528 , were also positive by ELISA. Those with multiple spotty calcifications, which represent cysticerci in the inactive stage, were negative by ELISA. Those with mixed CT findings of the above, which represent the various stages of infection in a @entity1 , were positive by ELISA. Those with only enhancing nodules with surrounding @entity4 , which were thought to be other inflammatory @entity738 , were negative by ELISA. If @entity1 with only @entity1276 on CT are positive by ELISA, they can be confidently diagnosed as having @entity67 . The results indicate that ELISA is useful as a complementary diagnostic tool, especially in @entity1 with equivocal CT findings of @entity6583 . Provision of etiologic information on a biologic basis was the advantage of this serologic test.

title: Comparative evaluation of brain CT and ELISA in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cysts']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cysticerci on degeneration']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['neurocysticercosis']


abstract: MR examinations of 136 @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) were evaluated to correlate the results with clinical, @entity2841 , and visual evoked potential (VEP) findings. In addition, 22 of the 136 @entity1 were studied several times during a 5-month follow-up period. It was demonstrated that MR is superior to @entity2841 findings in establishing cerebral alterations in @entity15 . A relationship between the results of @entity2841 examinations and the MR results could not be detected. Negative @entity2841 results corresponded to positive MR imaging and vice versa. In our series, five negative MR results were obtained in @entity1 with clinically proved @entity15 . The extent of alterations shown up by MR corresponds to the duration of the disease; in particular, more @entity854 in the periventricular region were found in @entity1 with long-standing disease. More plaques were found in @entity1 with a primary relapsing/remitting course of the disease than with the primary chronic progressive form. The clinical course and the grade of disability did not correspond to differences in MR imaging. Follow-up demonstrated that most lesions remain unchanged (72-79%); increases and decreases in the size of the plaques seem to depend on the clinical course. These results suggest that MR is the most sensitive technique for establishing the diagnosis of @entity15 .

title: MR imaging in XXXX : comparison with clinical, @entity2841 , and visual evoked potential findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['confluent abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: MR examinations of 136 @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) were evaluated to correlate the results with clinical, @entity2841 , and visual evoked potential (VEP) findings. In addition, 22 of the 136 @entity1 were studied several times during a 5-month follow-up period. It was demonstrated that MR is superior to @entity2841 findings in establishing cerebral alterations in @entity15 . A relationship between the results of @entity2841 examinations and the MR results could not be detected. Negative @entity2841 results corresponded to positive MR imaging and vice versa. In our series, five negative MR results were obtained in @entity1 with clinically proved @entity15 . The extent of alterations shown up by MR corresponds to the duration of the disease; in particular, more @entity854 in the periventricular region were found in @entity1 with long-standing disease. More plaques were found in @entity1 with a primary relapsing/remitting course of the disease than with the primary chronic progressive form. The clinical course and the grade of disability did not correspond to differences in MR imaging. Follow-up demonstrated that most lesions remain unchanged (72-79%); increases and decreases in the size of the plaques seem to depend on the clinical course. These results suggest that MR is the most sensitive technique for establishing the diagnosis of @entity15 .

title: MR imaging in @entity15 : comparison with clinical, XXXX , and visual evoked potential findings.

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['CSF']


abstract: Clinical and histopathological investigations were carried out in 71 cases of @entity189 of the corpus uteri treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital over the 10 year period from 1968 through 1977. The ratio of cases of the corpus uteri to those of the cervix was 6.5/100. The average age of the former group was 58 years and 30% of them were nulligravida. The rates of accompanying hyprtension and @entity28 were 21% and 20%, respectively. With regard to clinical stages, 75% were Stage I, 13% were Stage II, 10% were Stage III and 1% were Stage IV. The histological grade was G1 in 61%, G2 in 26%, and G3 in 13%. In Stage I, 80% of the cases had @entity3 into less than 1/3 of the uterine wall, but in Stage II invasion was limited to 1/3 in less than 25%. @entity3 to pelvic lymph nodes was found in 3 of 34 cases (9%): 1 of 24 cases of Stage I (4%) and 2 of 9 (cases of Stage II (22%). All three of these cases had @entity3 reaching deeper than 1/3 of the uterine wall. Those with deep @entity3 showed a diffuse invasive pattern, as did those of G2 or G3 lesions. Cases of G1 lesions showed a relatively shallow @entity3 , whereas there was a tendency for cases of G2 or G3 lesions to have deep @entity3 . The over-all 5 year relative survival rate was 83%, while that for the Stage I @entity1 was 98%. All 12 of the @entity1 who died of recurrence of @entity189 of the corpus uteri died within 2 years of treatment.

title: Clinical and histopathological study of XXXX of the corpus uteri.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis', 'myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: A high prevalence of postpartum @entity1374 has been reported in several countries, but there have been no systematic studies of its prevalence in Britain. Among a group of 901 consecutive, unselected pregnant @entity1 thyroid autoantibodies were detected in 117 (13%) at booking. The clinical course of postpartum @entity1374 , factors associated with its development, and its likely prevalence were defined in 100 of these @entity1 with thyroid antibodies and 120 @entity1 with no such antibodies who were matched for age. None of the @entity1 had a history of @entity1669 . Normal reference ranges for thyroid function during pregnancy and post partum were established in the 120 @entity1 negative for thyroid antibodies. On the basis of these observations postpartum @entity1374 was observed in 49 (22%) of the 220 @entity1 studied, and the prevalence in the total group of 901 @entity1 was estimated to be 16.7%. @entity1374 , mainly occurring in the first six months post partum, was usually transient and included both destruction induced @entity1378 and @entity1375 . The development of the syndrome was significantly related to smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day and the presence of thyroid microsomal autoantibodies at booking. Of the 16 @entity1 with a family history of @entity1374 in whom thyroid microsomal autoantibody activity was detectable at booking, 11 developed @entity1374 . Age, parity, presence of goitre at presentation, duration of breast feeding, and the sex and birth weight of the @entity1 were not associated with the development of postpartum @entity1374 . The mood changes experienced by @entity1 post partum may in part be associated with altered thyroid function during this time.

title: Postpartum XXXX in Mid Glamorgan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid dysfunction', 'Thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the long-term safety of the @entity17650 -eluting stent (ZES) using a pooled analysis of pivotal trials. BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents, compared with bare-metal stents (BMS), have reduced @entity256 ; however, individual trials of these stents have not had sufficient power to ascertain long-term safety. METHODS: We combined @entity1 level data from 6 prospective randomized single-arm multicenter trials involving 2,132 @entity1 treated with ZES and 596 @entity1 treated with a BMS control. The median follow-up was 4.1 years, with 5-year follow-up completed in 1,256 @entity1 (97% of those eligible). The recommended minimum duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in these studies was 3 to 6 months regardless of stent type. An independent events committee adjudicated all events. The 2 treatment groups were compared after adjustment for between trial variation and for individual @entity1 clinical and angiographic characteristics by propensity score. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of adverse events at 5 years for ZES and BMS were: @entity204 : 5.9% versus 7.6% (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.81, p = 0.34), @entity204 : 2.4 versus 3.7% (0.83, p = 0.57), @entity583 : 3.4 versus 4.8% (0.77, p = 0.37), @entity75 revascularization: 7.0% vs. 16.5% (0.42, p < 0.001), stent @entity715 (definite or probable): 0.8 versus 1.7% (0.50, p = 0.21). After adjustment for variation in study and @entity1 characteristics, there were no significant differences in stent @entity715 or the clinical safety event rates at 5 years between ZES and BMS. CONCLUSIONS: Over 5 years, there was no increased risk of @entity204 , @entity583 , or stent @entity715 , and there was a benefit of prevention of repeat revascularization procedures in ZES compared with BMS.

title: Long-term clinical outcomes with XXXX -eluting versus bare-metal coronary stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17650 :: ('MESH:C489443', 'Chemical') :: ['zotarolimus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity17650 :: (MESH:C489443,Chemical) :: ['zotarolimus']


abstract: Evidence suggests that dopaminergic systems are critical for the learning and memory of spatial discriminations in the adult @entity35 . However, the effect that early dopaminergic lesions have on spatial discriminations throughout development has not been examined. Thus the present experiments investigated the effects of neonatal @entity935 (DA) depletion on spatial discrimination tasks. Subjects were lesioned at 3 and 6 days of age with intraventricular @entity2955 preceded by @entity5829 . In Experiment 1 subjects were tested before weaning for the ability to spontaneously alternate in a T-maze both in the presence of their home cage shavings and with a screen covering the shavings. Lesioned animals were significantly impaired in their ability to spontaneously alternate. Control and lesioned animals both showed a decrease in performance when the screen prevented full access to the shavings, and the magnitude of the impairment was significantly greater for the lesioned animals. In Experiment 2, subjects were tested after weaning in an appetitively motivated task in T-maze. The task required both a functional working and a reference memory. Lesioned animals were @entity73 of the task; however, the magnitude of the impairment was greater in the working memory task. These results suggest that early lesions of general DA systems produce deficits in tasks requiring spatial alternation behavior. These deficits can be exaggerated by certain environmental stimuli and are not reversed by food reward.

title: Effects of neonatal XXXX depletion on spatial ability during ontogeny.

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired on both the working and the reference component']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There has been a large influx of central and east European (CEE) migrants to the U.K. following the expansion of the European Union. This paper examines factors associated with genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic attendance and @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) diagnosis among CEE migrants in London. METHODS: A survey of sexual behaviour was conducted among CEE migrants attending two central London GUM clinics (n=299) and community venues in London (n=2276). Routinely collected clinic data were also analysed. RESULTS: CEE migrants made up 2.9% of male and 7.0% of female attendees at the clinics. Half the @entity1 attending sessions for female sex workers were from CEE countries, and paying for sex was widely reported by @entity1 . @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to have attended a GUM clinic in the U.K. (7.6% vs. 4.5%, p=0.002). GUM survey respondents were more likely than community survey respondents to report one or more new sexual partners in the past year ( @entity1 67.9% vs. 28.3%, p < 0.001; @entity1 75.6% vs. 45.1%, p < 0.001) and homosexual partnership(s) in the past 5 years ( @entity1 54.3% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001), but were less likely to report assortative heterosexual mixing ( @entity1 25.9% vs. 74.2%, p < 0.001; @entity1 56.5% vs. 76.3%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CEE @entity1 make up a notable minority of @entity1 attending two central London GUM clinics. Higher numbers of sexual partners, homosexual partnerships and sexual mixing with @entity1 from outside the country of origin are associated with GUM clinic attendance. Heterosexual CEE @entity1 report behaviours associated with @entity645 / @entity2953 acquisition but appear to be underutilising GUM services.

title: Factors associated with genitourinary medicine clinic attendance and XXXX diagnosis among central and east European migrants in London.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STI', 'sexually transmitted infection']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['sexually transmitted infection']


abstract: Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens have been demonstrated on the surface of thyroid epithelial cells (thyrocytes) from @entity1 with @entity1669 . The present study was designed to investigate how the expression of class II MHC antigens is involved in autoimmune processes in @entity2743 by studying cellular interactions among thyrocytes, lymphocytes within @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ), and peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes. Thyrocytes were prepared by collagenase digestion, and T or non-T cells were separated by E-rosette formation. Thyrocytes were cocultured in the presence or absence of @entity379 , and the expression of HLA-DR antigens on cultured thyrocytes was examined by an indirect immunofluorescence method using monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody and monoclonal anti-HLA-DQ antibody. The cellular interactions were assessed as the proliferative response of T cells to autologous stimulators, such as thyrocytes or lymphocytes. Expression of HLA-DR antigens on thyrocytes after culture for 18 h in the absence of @entity379 was found in two thirds of the @entity1 with @entity2743 studied (n = 18). @entity379 induced and maintained the expression of HLA-DR antigens on thyrocytes. The percentages of HLA-DR+T cells were significantly higher among @entity8426 cells than among PB-T cells [32.6 +/- 12.4% (+/- SD) vs. 12.2 +/-5.0%; n = 18; P less than 0.01]. Thyrocytes from Graves' @entity1 induced proliferation of both autologous PB-T cells and @entity8426 cells, and @entity8426 cells stimulated proliferation of autologous PB-T cells. In conclusion, @entity379 induces HLA-DR antigen expression on thyrocytes from @entity1 with @entity2743 , and these cells induce proliferation of autologous T cells, which may, in turn, act on thyrocytes to perpetuate the process.

title: Class II major histocompatibility complex antigen expression and cellular interactions in @entity1374 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid glands', 'TG']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens have been demonstrated on the surface of thyroid epithelial cells (thyrocytes) from @entity1 with @entity1669 . The present study was designed to investigate how the expression of class II MHC antigens is involved in autoimmune processes in @entity2743 by studying cellular interactions among thyrocytes, lymphocytes within @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ), and peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes. Thyrocytes were prepared by collagenase digestion, and T or non-T cells were separated by E-rosette formation. Thyrocytes were cocultured in the presence or absence of @entity379 , and the expression of HLA-DR antigens on cultured thyrocytes was examined by an indirect immunofluorescence method using monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody and monoclonal anti-HLA-DQ antibody. The cellular interactions were assessed as the proliferative response of T cells to autologous stimulators, such as thyrocytes or lymphocytes. Expression of HLA-DR antigens on thyrocytes after culture for 18 h in the absence of @entity379 was found in two thirds of the @entity1 with @entity2743 studied (n = 18). @entity379 induced and maintained the expression of HLA-DR antigens on thyrocytes. The percentages of HLA-DR+T cells were significantly higher among @entity8426 cells than among PB-T cells [32.6 +/- 12.4% (+/- SD) vs. 12.2 +/-5.0%; n = 18; P less than 0.01]. Thyrocytes from Graves' @entity1 induced proliferation of both autologous PB-T cells and @entity8426 cells, and @entity8426 cells stimulated proliferation of autologous PB-T cells. In conclusion, @entity379 induces HLA-DR antigen expression on thyrocytes from @entity1 with @entity2743 , and these cells induce proliferation of autologous T cells, which may, in turn, act on thyrocytes to perpetuate the process.

title: Class II major histocompatibility complex antigen expression and cellular interactions in XXXX of @entity2743 .

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid glands']


abstract: The @entity19 and @entity1 major histocompatibility complex class II-associated invariant chain genes are expressed in mature B cells and in antigen-presenting cells. Several pre-B cell lines and fibroblasts do not naturally contain invariant chain mRNA. Expression is inducible, however, by interferons and other agents interfering with proliferation. @entity1138 induces the transcription of the gene in pre-B cells, but not in fibroblasts. @entity379 acts in both types of cells. @entity1880 inhibits the induction of the invariant chain mRNA by @entity379 , suggesting that protein synthesis is required. In fact, @entity1880 itself increases the transcriptional rate at the invariant chain gene, suggesting the existence of a labile repressor or an indirect action through @entity1880 arrest of the cell cycle. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of B lymphocytes causes a rapid decrease of the invariant chain mRNA level and of the amount of invariant chain protein due to rapid turnover. Also class II alpha and beta mRNA expression decreases after LPS treatment. The decrease of invariant chain protein is accompanied by increased surface expression of alpha and beta. The @entity19 invariant chain gene transfected into @entity1 fibroblasts is regulated by the same agents and the same dose of agents as is the endogenous gene. The differentiation marker invariant chain thus seems to be transcribed from a gene that is accessible to regulation even in nonlymphoid cells and the expression of which is linked to states of nonproliferation. The sequence responsible for these responses is contained within the cloned genomic fragment and is conserved between @entity19 and @entity1 .

title: @entity379 , XXXX , and @entity1880 as regulatory agents of MHC class II-associated invariant chain expression.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide', 'Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: The @entity19 and @entity1 major histocompatibility complex class II-associated invariant chain genes are expressed in mature B cells and in antigen-presenting cells. Several pre-B cell lines and fibroblasts do not naturally contain invariant chain mRNA. Expression is inducible, however, by interferons and other agents interfering with proliferation. @entity1138 induces the transcription of the gene in pre-B cells, but not in fibroblasts. @entity379 acts in both types of cells. @entity1880 inhibits the induction of the invariant chain mRNA by @entity379 , suggesting that protein synthesis is required. In fact, @entity1880 itself increases the transcriptional rate at the invariant chain gene, suggesting the existence of a labile repressor or an indirect action through @entity1880 arrest of the cell cycle. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of B lymphocytes causes a rapid decrease of the invariant chain mRNA level and of the amount of invariant chain protein due to rapid turnover. Also class II alpha and beta mRNA expression decreases after LPS treatment. The decrease of invariant chain protein is accompanied by increased surface expression of alpha and beta. The @entity19 invariant chain gene transfected into @entity1 fibroblasts is regulated by the same agents and the same dose of agents as is the endogenous gene. The differentiation marker invariant chain thus seems to be transcribed from a gene that is accessible to regulation even in nonlymphoid cells and the expression of which is linked to states of nonproliferation. The sequence responsible for these responses is contained within the cloned genomic fragment and is conserved between @entity19 and @entity1 .

title: @entity379 , @entity1138 , and XXXX as regulatory agents of MHC class II-associated invariant chain expression.

answer: @entity1880 :: (MESH:D003513,Chemical) :: ['cycloheximide']


abstract: The @entity19 and @entity1 major histocompatibility complex class II-associated invariant chain genes are expressed in mature B cells and in antigen-presenting cells. Several pre-B cell lines and fibroblasts do not naturally contain invariant chain mRNA. Expression is inducible, however, by interferons and other agents interfering with proliferation. @entity1138 induces the transcription of the gene in pre-B cells, but not in fibroblasts. @entity379 acts in both types of cells. @entity1880 inhibits the induction of the invariant chain mRNA by @entity379 , suggesting that protein synthesis is required. In fact, @entity1880 itself increases the transcriptional rate at the invariant chain gene, suggesting the existence of a labile repressor or an indirect action through @entity1880 arrest of the cell cycle. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of B lymphocytes causes a rapid decrease of the invariant chain mRNA level and of the amount of invariant chain protein due to rapid turnover. Also class II alpha and beta mRNA expression decreases after LPS treatment. The decrease of invariant chain protein is accompanied by increased surface expression of alpha and beta. The @entity19 invariant chain gene transfected into @entity1 fibroblasts is regulated by the same agents and the same dose of agents as is the endogenous gene. The differentiation marker invariant chain thus seems to be transcribed from a gene that is accessible to regulation even in nonlymphoid cells and the expression of which is linked to states of nonproliferation. The sequence responsible for these responses is contained within the cloned genomic fragment and is conserved between @entity19 and @entity1 .

title: XXXX , @entity1138 , and @entity1880 as regulatory agents of MHC class II-associated invariant chain expression.

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['Interferon-gamma']


abstract: The relationship between @entity5 , @entity353 , and resting energy expenditure (REE) has been investigated in 136 @entity1 using indirect calorimetry. Ninety-one @entity1 had gastric, colorectal, or @entity1149 , seven @entity1 had other @entity5 , and 38 @entity1 had @entity221 . Four groups were studied: weight stable @entity5 @entity1 (CWS: N = 56), weight losing @entity5 @entity1 (CWL: N = 42), weight stable @entity1 with @entity221 (NCWS: N = 22), and weight losing @entity1 with @entity221 (NCWL: N = 16). In each group REE correlated significantly with body weight, metabolic body size, and lean body mass (LBM: estimated from total body water measurements). The closest correlation was between REE and lean body mass, with the slope of the CWL regression line differing significantly from that of the CWS (p less than 0.05) and NCWS (p less than 0.02) groups. However, there was no difference in REE expressed as kcal/kg LBM/d between the groups. The slopes of the regressions between REE and LBM were almost identical when all @entity5 @entity1 were compared with all @entity1 with @entity221 . However, when all weight stable @entity1 were compared with all weight losing @entity1 , there was a highly significant difference between the slopes of the regressions (p less than 0.005). This indicates that the weight losing state rather than the presence or absence of @entity5 is responsible for an alteration in the relationship between REE and LBM. There were no differences in REE between the different @entity5 types. It is concluded that REE is not elevated in @entity1 with @entity14 . Elevation of REE contributes very little to the etiology of @entity5 .

title: The relationship between resting energy expenditure and XXXX in benign and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer cachexia', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall cell bronchial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['gastric, colorectal, or nonsmall cell bronchial cancer']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['nonmalignant illness']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: The relationship between @entity5 , @entity353 , and resting energy expenditure (REE) has been investigated in 136 @entity1 using indirect calorimetry. Ninety-one @entity1 had gastric, colorectal, or @entity1149 , seven @entity1 had other @entity5 , and 38 @entity1 had @entity221 . Four groups were studied: weight stable @entity5 @entity1 (CWS: N = 56), weight losing @entity5 @entity1 (CWL: N = 42), weight stable @entity1 with @entity221 (NCWS: N = 22), and weight losing @entity1 with @entity221 (NCWL: N = 16). In each group REE correlated significantly with body weight, metabolic body size, and lean body mass (LBM: estimated from total body water measurements). The closest correlation was between REE and lean body mass, with the slope of the CWL regression line differing significantly from that of the CWS (p less than 0.05) and NCWS (p less than 0.02) groups. However, there was no difference in REE expressed as kcal/kg LBM/d between the groups. The slopes of the regressions between REE and LBM were almost identical when all @entity5 @entity1 were compared with all @entity1 with @entity221 . However, when all weight stable @entity1 were compared with all weight losing @entity1 , there was a highly significant difference between the slopes of the regressions (p less than 0.005). This indicates that the weight losing state rather than the presence or absence of @entity5 is responsible for an alteration in the relationship between REE and LBM. There were no differences in REE between the different @entity5 types. It is concluded that REE is not elevated in @entity1 with @entity14 . Elevation of REE contributes very little to the etiology of @entity5 .

title: The relationship between resting energy expenditure and @entity353 in benign and XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: @entity137 ( @entity137 ) is a recently recognized acute multisystem illness that may recur. Epidemiologic links with menstruation and use of tampons have been identified. We report the cases of seven @entity1 (six @entity1 and one @entity1 ), 12 to 31 years old, seen over nine months, who met the criteria for @entity137 . Four were menstruating at onset. All had @entity551 , @entity221 , @entity1910 and distal desquamation. A prodrome of @entity925 and @entity294 occurred in all @entity1 . Clinical features of the acute illness included @entity7551 , @entity2024 , @entity491 and @entity8 (7), @entity854 (6), mental @entity911 (6) and @entity1003 (4). In three @entity1 , examination of cerebrospinal fluid showed abnormalities. The illness progressed in three @entity1 to adult @entity649 and significant @entity299 . @entity794 was isolated from mucosal sites in six. The disease recurred in two. There were no deaths. Possible transmissibility was illustrated by two @entity1 , a married couple, with simultaneous illnesses. Pathophysiologic features of @entity137 suggest a toxicogenic cause. Management consists of early recognition, vigorous fluid resuscitation, inotropic support as needed, discontinuation of tampon use and treatment with antistaphylococcal antimicrobic drugs.

title: The clinical spectrum of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TSS', 'Toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous rash']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic shock syndrome']


abstract: While the usefulness of the @entity1 fetal pancreas transplanted into diabetic @entity1 has yet to be realized, its transplantation into @entity19 has revealed some of its potential. In this animal the organ grows in size, during which time differentiation of its endocrine component and maturation of the insulinogenic response to @entity413 occurs. The results reported in this article expand these results by providing data on the weight and both the @entity2690 and glucagon content of these passaged organs. @entity1 fetal pancreata of gestational age 14-19 wk were implanted subcutaneously (s.c.) in @entity19 and maintained in vivo for 5-54 wk (absolute age 19-68 wk). The implants were then removed and their @entity2690 and glucagon content determined. Both the weight of these implants and their @entity2690 content were positively correlated with the absolute age of the tissue (weight: r = 0.61, P less than 0.001; @entity2690 content: r = 0.62, P = 0.0003). The glucagon content bore no relationship to the age. The maximum level of @entity2690 extracted from 30 passaged @entity1 fetal pancreata was 0.8 U, a level far below the daily @entity2690 requirements in adult @entity1 . It is suggested that an explanation for this is the site of transplantation used. To compare the s.c. site with the renal subcapsular space, the explants of four fetal pancreata were evenly divided between these two sites. After 11-13 wk, the implants were removed. Those beneath the renal capsule were larger and contained a greater amount of @entity2690 and glucagon than those transplanted s.c.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Growth and hormonal content of XXXX fetal pancreas passaged in athymic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: While the usefulness of the @entity1 fetal pancreas transplanted into diabetic @entity1 has yet to be realized, its transplantation into @entity19 has revealed some of its potential. In this animal the organ grows in size, during which time differentiation of its endocrine component and maturation of the insulinogenic response to @entity413 occurs. The results reported in this article expand these results by providing data on the weight and both the @entity2690 and glucagon content of these passaged organs. @entity1 fetal pancreata of gestational age 14-19 wk were implanted subcutaneously (s.c.) in @entity19 and maintained in vivo for 5-54 wk (absolute age 19-68 wk). The implants were then removed and their @entity2690 and glucagon content determined. Both the weight of these implants and their @entity2690 content were positively correlated with the absolute age of the tissue (weight: r = 0.61, P less than 0.001; @entity2690 content: r = 0.62, P = 0.0003). The glucagon content bore no relationship to the age. The maximum level of @entity2690 extracted from 30 passaged @entity1 fetal pancreata was 0.8 U, a level far below the daily @entity2690 requirements in adult @entity1 . It is suggested that an explanation for this is the site of transplantation used. To compare the s.c. site with the renal subcapsular space, the explants of four fetal pancreata were evenly divided between these two sites. After 11-13 wk, the implants were removed. Those beneath the renal capsule were larger and contained a greater amount of @entity2690 and glucagon than those transplanted s.c.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Growth and hormonal content of @entity1 fetal pancreas passaged in athymic XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The relationship between concentrations of anticonvulsive drugs in the brain and various parameters of @entity410 was investigated in @entity19 . Maximal electroshock seizures were elicited with a current intensity (60 Hz, 50 mA for 0.2 sec) through corneal electrodes. @entity410 movements were detected by an accelerometer, amplified and recorded by a polygraph. Concentrations of anticonvulsive drugs in the whole brain were determined by the method of enzyme immunoassay. With various doses of @entity109 (PB: 5-35 mg/kg, i.p.), duration of @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ) was prolonged, whereas duration of @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ) and clonic @entity410 ( @entity410 ) was shortened in a dose-dependent manner. The correlation coefficient between the PB concentration and the duration of @entity6191 , @entity6191 or @entity410 was 0.680, -0.882 or 0.409, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the PB concentration and the intensity of @entity6191 or @entity410 , measured by the integrated curve of the accelerometer, was -0.847 or 0.440. The correlation coefficient between the PB concentration and the ratio of @entity6191 -duration/ @entity6191 -duration ( @entity6191 / @entity6191 ratio) was -0.901. After administration of @entity3174 (PNT), @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) or @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), a highly negative correlation between the drug level in the brain and the @entity6191 / @entity6191 ratio was also obtained. In the case of @entity3175 , @entity2053 , @entity17979 or @entity14967 , the @entity6191 / @entity6191 ratio was decreased dose-dependently, but the slope of the dose-response regression line was less steep than that obtained by the administration of PB, @entity32666 , @entity2050 , @entity2052 or @entity8821 . These results suggest that the @entity6191 / @entity6191 ratio may be the most reliable parameter for drug evaluation of the anticonvulsive efficacy against @entity410 in @entity1 @entity1 .

title: [The correlation between concentrations of anticonvulsive drugs in the brain and various parameters of XXXX in @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['maximal electroshock seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures', 'CL', 'convulsion', 'Convulsive']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity14967 :: ('MESH:D014293', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethadione']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['TE', 'tonic extension', 'tonic flexion', 'TF']

entities_list: @entity8821 :: ('MESH:D011324', 'Chemical') :: ['primidone']

entities_list: @entity17979 :: ('MESH:D005013', 'Chemical') :: ['ethosuximide']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['maximal electroshock seizures']


abstract: The relationship between concentrations of anticonvulsive drugs in the brain and various parameters of @entity410 was investigated in @entity19 . Maximal electroshock seizures were elicited with a current intensity (60 Hz, 50 mA for 0.2 sec) through corneal electrodes. @entity410 movements were detected by an accelerometer, amplified and recorded by a polygraph. Concentrations of anticonvulsive drugs in the whole brain were determined by the method of enzyme immunoassay. With various doses of @entity109 (PB: 5-35 mg/kg, i.p.), duration of @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ) was prolonged, whereas duration of @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ) and clonic @entity410 ( @entity410 ) was shortened in a dose-dependent manner. The correlation coefficient between the PB concentration and the duration of @entity6191 , @entity6191 or @entity410 was 0.680, -0.882 or 0.409, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the PB concentration and the intensity of @entity6191 or @entity410 , measured by the integrated curve of the accelerometer, was -0.847 or 0.440. The correlation coefficient between the PB concentration and the ratio of @entity6191 -duration/ @entity6191 -duration ( @entity6191 / @entity6191 ratio) was -0.901. After administration of @entity3174 (PNT), @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) or @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), a highly negative correlation between the drug level in the brain and the @entity6191 / @entity6191 ratio was also obtained. In the case of @entity3175 , @entity2053 , @entity17979 or @entity14967 , the @entity6191 / @entity6191 ratio was decreased dose-dependently, but the slope of the dose-response regression line was less steep than that obtained by the administration of PB, @entity32666 , @entity2050 , @entity2052 or @entity8821 . These results suggest that the @entity6191 / @entity6191 ratio may be the most reliable parameter for drug evaluation of the anticonvulsive efficacy against @entity410 in @entity1 @entity1 .

title: [The correlation between concentrations of anticonvulsive drugs in the brain and various parameters of @entity410 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Many developed countries are faced with the problem of reorganizing their @entity378 -control programme to bring it into line with modern conditions. The study reported was undertaken to provide guidelines for this reorganization. It was begun in the district of Kol  n, Czechoslovakia, with a population of some 100 000, in 1961 and is still in progress. The paper covers the first 4 years of the study.In 1961 a thorough check-up was made on all @entity1 registered as having active or inactive @entity378 , or @entity358 . In 1961 and 1963 a mass X-ray and tuberculin-testing campaign, with 95% coverage, was carried out for all @entity1 over 14 years of age. All @entity1 with active @entity378 received adequate treatment. @entity1 registered as having @entity378 or suspected @entity378 were subjected to regular photofluorographic and bacteriological investigations. Newborn @entity1 were given BCG vaccination, and @entity1 aged 14 years and 19 years with negative tuberculin reactions were vaccinated.The prevalence of bacillary @entity378 fell from 150 cases in 1960 to 91 in 1964, mainly owing to a decrease in the number of chronic cases. The incidence of bacillary @entity378 detectable by direct smear microscopy, however, remained at about 25 cases throughout the period 1961-64. The risk of developing @entity378 was found to be highest in @entity1 with @entity358 or inactive @entity378 , and in @entity1 above 45 years of age and @entity1 above 65 with previously normal photofluorograms.It is concluded from the study that in developed countries priority should be given to adequate treatment of all @entity1 with active @entity378 , and to early diagnosis in @entity1 consulting physicians and in the high-risk population groups.

title: Epidemiological and clinical study of XXXX in the district of Kolin, Czechoslovakia. Report for the first 4 years of the study (1961-64).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Persons', 'women', 'infants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lung lesions']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: Background. Multiple @entity353 failures among @entity28 @entity1 suggest the design of new therapeutic strategies. We investigated the role of 2-week course of enteral treatment with a very low-calorie protein-based formula in the management of severe @entity28 . Methods. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of 2-week continuous administration of a protein-based formula (1.2   g/kg of ideal body weight/day) by nasogastric tube in severely @entity28 adults (body mass index (BMI) >=  40   kg/m(2)). Results. In total, 364 @entity1 (59% @entity1 ; BMI = 46.6    7.2   kg/m(2)) were recruited. The intervention was discontinued within 48 hours in 26 @entity1 , due to nasogastric tube intolerance. No serious adverse events occurred. During the first and the second week, 65% and 80% @entity1 , respectively, reported no side effects. All biochemical safety parameters were affected by the intervention, particularly @entity414 (+45%) and aminotransferases (+48%). In the other cases the change was negligible. We observed significant @entity353 (5.7    2.3%) and improvement in blood pressure and @entity413 and lipid metabolism parameters (P < 0.001). Conclusions. A 2-week course of enteral treatment with a very low-calorie protein-based formula appeared a feasible, likely safe, and efficacious therapeutic option to be considered for inclusion into a composite @entity353 program for the management of severe @entity28 . This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01965990.

title: A 2-Week Course of Enteral Treatment with a Very Low-Calorie Protein-Based Formula for the Management of Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: To assess the efficacy of absolute @entity167 as a sclerosant, endoscopic sclerotherapy was carried out using a conventional endoscope and an indigenously designed injector. Forty three @entity1 with portal @entity101 who had presented with history of variceal @entity548 were included in the study. Portal @entity101 was caused by @entity82 in 30 (69.8%), @entity82 in eight (18.6%) and extra-hepatic obstruction in five (11.8%). Acute @entity548 was successfully controlled in all 11 @entity1 , seven with a fresh bleed and four who rebled while on endoscopic sclerotherapy regimen. All @entity1 with fresh, recent, or old @entity548 were treated with a weekly endoscopic sclerotherapy schedule. Reduction in variceal size of two or more grades was achieved in all 20 @entity1 who had completed at least four endoscopic sclerotherapy courses with total eradication of varices in 16 (80%). The mean (+/- SD) number of endoscopic sclerotherapy courses and time required for variceal eradication was 6.06 (+/- 1.87) and 9.1 (+/- 4.69) weeks respectively. None of these @entity1 has shown appearance of fresh varices in a follow up of 18.47 +/- 8.50 weeks (range six to 38 weeks). Six @entity1 died; all @entity204 were caused by progressive @entity99 . Complications usually seen were @entity1282 , @entity158 and @entity221 ; these were mild and easily tolerated by the @entity1 . Rebleeding occurred in four @entity1 who had received less than four endoscopic sclerotherapy courses. Absolute @entity167 appears to be an effective, safe, economical, and freely available sclerosant. advocate endoscopic sclerotherapy as the first line of treatment for @entity548 and recommend a weekly schedule for the early eradication of varices.

title: Endoscopic sclerotherapy using absolute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis', 'non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'acute variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal pain']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity461 ( @entity461 ) increases both bone formation ( @entity1555 ) and bone resorption, whereas @entity561 reduces bone resorption. It is possible that the combination therapy of @entity461 with @entity561 will enhance their effects on @entity1555 . Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy of @entity461 with @entity561 in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity170 . METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted to identify relative studies. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCT), which assessed the efficacy of combination therapy in @entity1 with @entity170 . The outcomes included the mean percent increases in @entity1555 of lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and distal radius. @entity353 ( @entity353 ) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using of random-effects or fixed-effects model, depending on the heterogeneity between the included studies. RESULTS: Six RCTs with a total number of 833 @entity1 were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled estimates showed that, the combination therapy of @entity461 with @entity561 resulted in a higher mean percent change of increased @entity1555 in distal radius ( @entity353 = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.58, 3.31; P = 0.000), but not in lumbar spine ( @entity353 = -0.83, 95% CI: -3.48, 1.81; P = 0.538), femoral neck ( @entity353 = -0.99, 95% CI: -2.04, 0.07; P = 0.068), and total hip ( @entity353 = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.93, 0.81; P = 0.892). The subgroup analysis based on the dosage and schedule of @entity461 , study duration, gender of @entity1 , and anabolic agents, were conducted. And results revealed that among the @entity1 in the combination therapy group, greater increases in the spine @entity1555 were observed when the @entity461 was administered with a dosage of 20  g ( @entity353 = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.24, 3.43; P = 0.000), or the treatment duration lasted more than 12 months ( @entity353 = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.47; P = 0.000), or the combination therapy was used in @entity170 @entity1 ( @entity353 = 1.58, 95% CI: 0.63, 2.53; P = 0.001). However, the combination of @entity461 of 40  g with @entity561 produced a decrease in the @entity1555 at spine ( @entity353 = -4.56, 95% CI: -7.56, -1.56; P = 0.003) and femoral neck ( @entity353 = -5.82, 95% CI: -9.91, -1.72; P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that the addition of @entity561 to @entity461 in the treatment of @entity170 , reduced the ability of @entity461 therapy to increase the @entity1555 at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip.

title: @entity461 plus XXXX in @entity170 : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'Weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'Parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity561 :: (MESH:D019386,Chemical) :: ['alendronate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity461 ( @entity461 ) increases both bone formation ( @entity1555 ) and bone resorption, whereas @entity561 reduces bone resorption. It is possible that the combination therapy of @entity461 with @entity561 will enhance their effects on @entity1555 . Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy of @entity461 with @entity561 in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity170 . METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted to identify relative studies. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCT), which assessed the efficacy of combination therapy in @entity1 with @entity170 . The outcomes included the mean percent increases in @entity1555 of lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and distal radius. @entity353 ( @entity353 ) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using of random-effects or fixed-effects model, depending on the heterogeneity between the included studies. RESULTS: Six RCTs with a total number of 833 @entity1 were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled estimates showed that, the combination therapy of @entity461 with @entity561 resulted in a higher mean percent change of increased @entity1555 in distal radius ( @entity353 = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.58, 3.31; P = 0.000), but not in lumbar spine ( @entity353 = -0.83, 95% CI: -3.48, 1.81; P = 0.538), femoral neck ( @entity353 = -0.99, 95% CI: -2.04, 0.07; P = 0.068), and total hip ( @entity353 = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.93, 0.81; P = 0.892). The subgroup analysis based on the dosage and schedule of @entity461 , study duration, gender of @entity1 , and anabolic agents, were conducted. And results revealed that among the @entity1 in the combination therapy group, greater increases in the spine @entity1555 were observed when the @entity461 was administered with a dosage of 20  g ( @entity353 = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.24, 3.43; P = 0.000), or the treatment duration lasted more than 12 months ( @entity353 = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.47; P = 0.000), or the combination therapy was used in @entity170 @entity1 ( @entity353 = 1.58, 95% CI: 0.63, 2.53; P = 0.001). However, the combination of @entity461 of 40  g with @entity561 produced a decrease in the @entity1555 at spine ( @entity353 = -4.56, 95% CI: -7.56, -1.56; P = 0.003) and femoral neck ( @entity353 = -5.82, 95% CI: -9.91, -1.72; P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that the addition of @entity561 to @entity461 in the treatment of @entity170 , reduced the ability of @entity461 therapy to increase the @entity1555 at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip.

title: @entity461 plus @entity561 in XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity461 ( @entity461 ) increases both bone formation ( @entity1555 ) and bone resorption, whereas @entity561 reduces bone resorption. It is possible that the combination therapy of @entity461 with @entity561 will enhance their effects on @entity1555 . Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy of @entity461 with @entity561 in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity170 . METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted to identify relative studies. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCT), which assessed the efficacy of combination therapy in @entity1 with @entity170 . The outcomes included the mean percent increases in @entity1555 of lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and distal radius. @entity353 ( @entity353 ) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using of random-effects or fixed-effects model, depending on the heterogeneity between the included studies. RESULTS: Six RCTs with a total number of 833 @entity1 were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled estimates showed that, the combination therapy of @entity461 with @entity561 resulted in a higher mean percent change of increased @entity1555 in distal radius ( @entity353 = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.58, 3.31; P = 0.000), but not in lumbar spine ( @entity353 = -0.83, 95% CI: -3.48, 1.81; P = 0.538), femoral neck ( @entity353 = -0.99, 95% CI: -2.04, 0.07; P = 0.068), and total hip ( @entity353 = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.93, 0.81; P = 0.892). The subgroup analysis based on the dosage and schedule of @entity461 , study duration, gender of @entity1 , and anabolic agents, were conducted. And results revealed that among the @entity1 in the combination therapy group, greater increases in the spine @entity1555 were observed when the @entity461 was administered with a dosage of 20  g ( @entity353 = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.24, 3.43; P = 0.000), or the treatment duration lasted more than 12 months ( @entity353 = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.47; P = 0.000), or the combination therapy was used in @entity170 @entity1 ( @entity353 = 1.58, 95% CI: 0.63, 2.53; P = 0.001). However, the combination of @entity461 of 40  g with @entity561 produced a decrease in the @entity1555 at spine ( @entity353 = -4.56, 95% CI: -7.56, -1.56; P = 0.003) and femoral neck ( @entity353 = -5.82, 95% CI: -9.91, -1.72; P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that the addition of @entity561 to @entity461 in the treatment of @entity170 , reduced the ability of @entity461 therapy to increase the @entity1555 at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip.

title: XXXX plus @entity561 in @entity170 : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['Parathyroid hormone']


abstract: @entity785 is an @entity792 characterized by fibrotic changes in skin and other organs involving excessive collagen deposition. The @entity641 ( @entity641 ) signaling pathway plays a key role in the fibrotic process in @entity785 ( @entity785 ). @entity16290 ( @entity16290 ) isolated from one of the Chinese herbs, Astragalus mongholicus, are known to have a variety of immunomodulatory activities. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity16290 on @entity641 signaling and its potential mechanism using a @entity19 model of @entity1732 -induced @entity2631 . @entity2631 was induced in C3H/He @entity19 by subcutaneous @entity1732 injections daily for 21 days. Skin samples were obtained 7, 14, and 21 days and @entity641 , @entity14570 , @entity3078 mRNA expression was observed by real time PCR. The @entity720 content which consistent with the collagen content in skin samples from the BLM-injected group was significantly higher than the PBS group, and corresponded with dermal thickening at the injection site. In contrast, @entity19 treated with @entity16290 after initiating BLM injection showed obviously lesser collagen content. Increased @entity641 , @entity14570 , @entity3078 mRNA expression were also observed in the BLM group. @entity641 , @entity14570 , @entity3078 expression was significantly lesser for the @entity16290 group than for the BLM group. In contrast, @entity641 mRNA expression was remarkably inhibited by @entity16290 . These results suggest that @entity16290 treatment may inhibit @entity641 production, and thus could be a potential drug for managing @entity74 such as @entity785 .

title: Astragalus polysaccharide suppresses excessive collagen accumulation in a @entity19 model of @entity1732 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16290 :: ('MESH:C564877', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'Astragalus polysaccharides']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'TGF-b1', 'transforming growth factor-b']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Scleroderma', 'scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic scleroderma', 'Systemic scleroderma', 'SSc']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma']


abstract: @entity785 is an @entity792 characterized by fibrotic changes in skin and other organs involving excessive collagen deposition. The @entity641 ( @entity641 ) signaling pathway plays a key role in the fibrotic process in @entity785 ( @entity785 ). @entity16290 ( @entity16290 ) isolated from one of the Chinese herbs, Astragalus mongholicus, are known to have a variety of immunomodulatory activities. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity16290 on @entity641 signaling and its potential mechanism using a @entity19 model of @entity1732 -induced @entity2631 . @entity2631 was induced in C3H/He @entity19 by subcutaneous @entity1732 injections daily for 21 days. Skin samples were obtained 7, 14, and 21 days and @entity641 , @entity14570 , @entity3078 mRNA expression was observed by real time PCR. The @entity720 content which consistent with the collagen content in skin samples from the BLM-injected group was significantly higher than the PBS group, and corresponded with dermal thickening at the injection site. In contrast, @entity19 treated with @entity16290 after initiating BLM injection showed obviously lesser collagen content. Increased @entity641 , @entity14570 , @entity3078 mRNA expression were also observed in the BLM group. @entity641 , @entity14570 , @entity3078 expression was significantly lesser for the @entity16290 group than for the BLM group. In contrast, @entity641 mRNA expression was remarkably inhibited by @entity16290 . These results suggest that @entity16290 treatment may inhibit @entity641 production, and thus could be a potential drug for managing @entity74 such as @entity785 .

title: Astragalus polysaccharide suppresses excessive collagen accumulation in a @entity19 model of XXXX -induced @entity2631 .

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: @entity785 is an @entity792 characterized by fibrotic changes in skin and other organs involving excessive collagen deposition. The @entity641 ( @entity641 ) signaling pathway plays a key role in the fibrotic process in @entity785 ( @entity785 ). @entity16290 ( @entity16290 ) isolated from one of the Chinese herbs, Astragalus mongholicus, are known to have a variety of immunomodulatory activities. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity16290 on @entity641 signaling and its potential mechanism using a @entity19 model of @entity1732 -induced @entity2631 . @entity2631 was induced in C3H/He @entity19 by subcutaneous @entity1732 injections daily for 21 days. Skin samples were obtained 7, 14, and 21 days and @entity641 , @entity14570 , @entity3078 mRNA expression was observed by real time PCR. The @entity720 content which consistent with the collagen content in skin samples from the BLM-injected group was significantly higher than the PBS group, and corresponded with dermal thickening at the injection site. In contrast, @entity19 treated with @entity16290 after initiating BLM injection showed obviously lesser collagen content. Increased @entity641 , @entity14570 , @entity3078 mRNA expression were also observed in the BLM group. @entity641 , @entity14570 , @entity3078 expression was significantly lesser for the @entity16290 group than for the BLM group. In contrast, @entity641 mRNA expression was remarkably inhibited by @entity16290 . These results suggest that @entity16290 treatment may inhibit @entity641 production, and thus could be a potential drug for managing @entity74 such as @entity785 .

title: Astragalus polysaccharide suppresses excessive collagen accumulation in a XXXX model of @entity1732 -induced @entity2631 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The effects of iv @entity2900 (SCh) on the electroencephalogram (EEG), cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate (CMRO2), @entity428 ( @entity428 ), central venous pressure (CVP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were tested in @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity235 . Six @entity235 were maintained at 0.87 +/- 0.00% (mean +/- SE) expired @entity1508 (1.0 MAC) and received both SCh 1.0 mg X kg-1 and lactated Ringer's solution placebo 0.05 ml X kg-1. @entity2901 began 24 +/- 4 s after iv SCh. @entity2901 were followed by immediate EEG arousal in five of six @entity235 and increases in CBF in all six. Average CBF was 151 +/- 14% of control for the 0-15 min measurement period and 127 +/- 7% of control for the 15-30 min period. Both were significantly greater than pre-SCh control values and placebo group values. Peak CBF of 177 +/- 19% of control occurred 3 min after iv SCh and was accompanied by a peak @entity428 of 435 +/- 131% of control. @entity428 values were significantly different between SCh and placebo treatments only during the periods of greatest CBF (1 to 5 min after iv SCh). Average PaCO2 values after iv SCh were significantly greater than pre-SCh control values and placebo values during each 15-min measurement interval. Average PaCO2 was 116 +/- 2% of control during the 0-15 min measurement period, 114 +/- 2% of control during the 15-30 min period, and 109 +/- 1% of control during the 30-45 min period. CVP, MAP, and CMRO2 did not significantly change after iv SCh.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cerebral stimulation following XXXX in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['Fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity2900 :: (MESH:D013390,Chemical) :: ['succinylcholine']


abstract: The effects of iv @entity2900 (SCh) on the electroencephalogram (EEG), cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate (CMRO2), @entity428 ( @entity428 ), central venous pressure (CVP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were tested in @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity235 . Six @entity235 were maintained at 0.87 +/- 0.00% (mean +/- SE) expired @entity1508 (1.0 MAC) and received both SCh 1.0 mg X kg-1 and lactated Ringer's solution placebo 0.05 ml X kg-1. @entity2901 began 24 +/- 4 s after iv SCh. @entity2901 were followed by immediate EEG arousal in five of six @entity235 and increases in CBF in all six. Average CBF was 151 +/- 14% of control for the 0-15 min measurement period and 127 +/- 7% of control for the 15-30 min period. Both were significantly greater than pre-SCh control values and placebo group values. Peak CBF of 177 +/- 19% of control occurred 3 min after iv SCh and was accompanied by a peak @entity428 of 435 +/- 131% of control. @entity428 values were significantly different between SCh and placebo treatments only during the periods of greatest CBF (1 to 5 min after iv SCh). Average PaCO2 values after iv SCh were significantly greater than pre-SCh control values and placebo values during each 15-min measurement interval. Average PaCO2 was 116 +/- 2% of control during the 0-15 min measurement period, 114 +/- 2% of control during the 15-30 min period, and 109 +/- 1% of control during the 30-45 min period. CVP, MAP, and CMRO2 did not significantly change after iv SCh.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cerebral stimulation following @entity2900 in XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10013 is frequently downregulated in a variety of @entity5 and acts as a potential @entity5 suppressor. It also played a @entity5 suppressor role in @entity1 @entity320 through the direct or indirect repression of several key oncogenic molecules. METHODS: qRT-PCR assay was performed to examine the expression of @entity10013 . Associations between @entity10013 expression and various clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed using the   (2) test. Survival rate was determined with Kaplan-Meier and statistically analyzed with the log-rank method between groups. Survival data were evaluated through multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Significant differences for @entity10013 expression were shown between @entity6349 and primary @entity320 (P<0.01), between primary @entity320 and metastatic cutaneous @entity320 (P<0.01), and between primary cutaneous @entity320 and metastatic cutaneous @entity320 (P<0.001). The @entity1 with low @entity10013 expression showed shorter 5-year overall survival than those with high @entity10013 expression (P=0.039; log-rank test). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the status of @entity10013 expression was an independent prognostic factor overall survival (HR=3.782, 95% CI: 2.479-16.334, P=0.005). CONCLUSION: The status of @entity10013 might be an independent prognostic factor for @entity1 with @entity320 .

title: Down-regulation of tissue microRNA-126 was associated with poor prognosis in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'cutaneous melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic nevi']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10013 is frequently downregulated in a variety of @entity5 and acts as a potential @entity5 suppressor. It also played a @entity5 suppressor role in @entity1 @entity320 through the direct or indirect repression of several key oncogenic molecules. METHODS: qRT-PCR assay was performed to examine the expression of @entity10013 . Associations between @entity10013 expression and various clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed using the   (2) test. Survival rate was determined with Kaplan-Meier and statistically analyzed with the log-rank method between groups. Survival data were evaluated through multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Significant differences for @entity10013 expression were shown between @entity6349 and primary @entity320 (P<0.01), between primary @entity320 and metastatic cutaneous @entity320 (P<0.01), and between primary cutaneous @entity320 and metastatic cutaneous @entity320 (P<0.001). The @entity1 with low @entity10013 expression showed shorter 5-year overall survival than those with high @entity10013 expression (P=0.039; log-rank test). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the status of @entity10013 expression was an independent prognostic factor overall survival (HR=3.782, 95% CI: 2.479-16.334, P=0.005). CONCLUSION: The status of @entity10013 might be an independent prognostic factor for @entity1 with @entity320 .

title: Down-regulation of tissue microRNA-126 was associated with poor prognosis in XXXX with @entity320 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: This study was designed to compare the effects and mechanisms of transcutaneous electroacupuncture (TEA) on @entity5584 ( @entity5584 )-induced @entity1944 with EA. METHODS: six female @entity235 chronically implanted with a @entity292 , a proximal @entity694 and intestinal serosal electrodes were studied. EA and TEA were performed via needles and cutaneous electrodes placed at bilateral ST-36 (Zusanli) acupoints respectively; their effects on postprandial @entity1944 (slow waves, contractions and transit) induced by @entity5584 , and autonomic functions were compared. RESULTS: @entity5584 at a volume of 140 ml suppressed intestinal contractions; the motility index was reduced with @entity5584 (P = 0.001). Both EA and TEA ameliorated the suppressed contractions (P = 0.003 and 0.001) and their effects were comparable. @entity5584 reduced the percentage of normal intestinal slow waves (P = 0.002) that was increased with both EA and TEA (P = 0.005 and 0.035). No significant difference was noted between EA and TEA. EA and TEA reduced small bowel transit time (P = 0.001 and 0.007); these prokinetic effects were blocked by @entity3897 . Both EA and TEA increased vagal activity assessed by the spectral analysis of heart rate variability (both P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity5584 inhibits postprandial intestinal motility. Both EA and TEA at ST-36 are able to improve the @entity5584 -induced impairment in intestinal contractions, transit and slow waves mediated via the vagal mechanism. Needleless TEA is as effective as EA in ameliorating the @entity1944 .

title: Needleless transcutaneous electroacupuncture improves rectal distension-induced impairment in intestinal motility and slow waves via vagal mechanisms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal hypomotility', 'intestinal dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['RD', 'rectal distention']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal fistula']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon fistula']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity1 endothelial cells release two forms of a plasminogen activator-specific inhibitor: an active form that readily binds to and inhibits plasminogen activators and an inactive or latent form that has no anti-activator activity but which can be activated by denaturation. Latent and active forms of plasminogen activator-specific inhibitor were measured in cultures of @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells. Latent inhibitor was activated by treatment with 1% @entity3208 ( @entity214 ), and both forms were assayed by the 125I-fibrin plate method. After 16 hours, the conditioned medium contained 104.6 U/mL latent inhibitor activity and 2.6 U/mL active inhibitor. The level of each form in the culture medium increased with time although the activity associated with the latent form rose more rapidly: the ratio of latent to active inhibitor activity was 12 at four hours (10.3 U/mL v 0.86 U/mL) and reached 56 at 24 hours (155.3 U/mL v 2.80 U/mL). Intracellular inhibitor activity was associated with the active form only; no additional inhibitor activity was observed following @entity214 treatment of cell extracts. A decline in active inhibitor activity occurred during incubation at 37 degrees C with a 50% reduction in activity occurring in two hours. Treatment of conditioned medium with 10 U/mL @entity556 also resulted in a loss of active inhibitor activity. The latent inhibitor, however, was not affected by either of these conditions. The inhibitor activity lost during incubation at 37 degrees C or @entity556 treatment could be regenerated by @entity214 treatment, suggesting that the loss of the active inhibitor activity represented a conversion of this form to its latent counterpart. Thus, the concentration, stability, and regulation of these two forms of plasminogen activator inhibitor in @entity1 endothelial cell cultures differ significantly.

title: Quantitation and properties of the active and latent plasminogen activator inhibitors in cultures of XXXX endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Alterations in the microcirculation and parenchymal cell loss are common phenomena after irradiation of different organs. Whether parenchymal cell loss is a process well dissociated from vasculoconnective damage, or a consequence of this, is much debated. However, comprehensive radiopathological studies have shown that vasculoconnective tissue is an important common target for late effects in various organs. Scoring of skin @entity8721 was used by us as a clinical assay of late tissue effects after different dose schedules. All studies were done prospectively with standardized skin area, field size and radiation quality. The @entity1 were scored regularly up to 10 years. The number of @entity1 at risk for a prescribed score versus time was calculated with the life-table method. The late effects after 5 X 2.0 Gy/wk, in the dose range 40 to 70 Gy and after 2 X 4.0 Gy/wk, in the dose range 40 to 56 Gy have been established. The skin dose is 90% of the referred dose. Dose-response curves, relating the proportion of @entity1 with a certain score at a fixed time and radiation dose and dose-latency curves, relating the latent period for a fixed proportion of @entity1 with a certain score and radiation dose, were constructed. The analysis shows that: ED10/5 yr and ED50/5 yr for 5 X 2.0 Gy/wk is 50 Gy and 65 Gy, respectively, for distinct @entity8721 ; The latent period, concerning both a certain frequency and degree of reaction, varies exponentially with dose level; The latent period for 50% of the @entity1 , to obtain a certain score, LP50, is correlated to that for 10%, LP10, with LP50/LP10 = 2.2 +/- 0.2 (S.D.). This correlation is independent of score, total dose, and fractionation; Isoeffective doses for 5 X 2.0 Gy/wk and 2 X 4.0 Gy/wk, determined from the dose-response curves, resulted in the repair exp N between 0.31 and 0.32 and alpha/beta ratio between 2.9 and 3.1 Gy and determined from the dose-latency curves in exp N between 0.30 and 0.32 and alpha/beta ratio between 3.4 and 2.9 Gy. In conclusion, frequent and careful follow-up with registration of normal tissue reactions, until at least 10% of the @entity1 have obtained the prescribed effect, is predictive for the further progression of the late effects. The fractionation characteristics for @entity8721 agree well with those for animal experimental morphological and functional endpoints for late effects in different organs and support the relevance of @entity8721 as a model for predicting late effects.

title: The predictive value of skin XXXX for late radiation effects in different normal tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

answer: @entity8721 :: (MESH:D013684,Disease) :: ['telangiectasia']