abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Total @entity1255 (tHcy) levels are associated with secondary vascular events and mortality after @entity64 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether tHcy levels in the acute phase of a @entity64 contribute to the recurrence of cerebro-cardiovascular events and mortality. METHODS: A total of 3799 @entity1 were recruited after hospital admission for acute @entity385 . Levels of tHcy were measured within 24 hours after primary admission. @entity1 were followed for a median of 48 months. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 233 (6.1%) @entity1 died. After adjustment for age, smoking status, @entity6 , and other cardiovascular risk factors, @entity1 in the highest tHcy quartile (>18.6  mol/L) had a 1.61-fold increased risk of @entity204 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.53) compared with @entity1 in the lowest quartile ( <=10  mol/L). Further subgroup analysis showed that this correlation was only significant in the large-artery @entity731 @entity64 subtype (adjusted HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.05-3.07); this correlation was not significant in the small-vessel occlusion subtype (adjusted HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.30-2.12). The risk of @entity64 -related mortality was 2.27-fold higher for @entity1 in the third tHcy quartile (adjusted HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.06-4.86) and 2.15-fold more likely for @entity1 in the fourth quartile (adjusted HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.01-4.63) than for @entity1 in the lowest tHcy quartile. The risk of cardiovascular-related mortality and the risk of recurrent @entity385 were not associated with tHcy levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that elevated tHcy levels in the acute phase of an @entity385 can predict mortality, especially in @entity64 @entity1 with the large-vessel @entity731 subtype.

title: Elevated Total @entity1255 Levels in Acute XXXX Are Associated With Long-Term Mortality.

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The paper discusses the case of @entity204 of a 56-year-old @entity1 who died in a municipal hospital from which his body was taken to the Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow. The @entity1 was said to have been found unconscious by accidental passers-by. While being transported to the hospital's emergency department, he suffered an attack of @entity410 and went into @entity1167 . He was subsequently successfully resuscitated. A physical examination performed at the hospital revealed the presence of multiple, only slightly dissolved tablets in the @entity1 's rectum. The @entity1 died on the 25th day of hospitalization. A toxicological analysis showed a toxic concentration of @entity2544 (25 mg/l) in the @entity1 's blood. @entity2544 was identified as the main ingredient of the tablets. The cause of @entity204 was thus given as @entity2544 @entity4968 . The reported case is unusual in that the @entity4968 occurred as a result of @entity1445 on an oral drug which was administered by the victim rectally, and in that the chosen substance currently is not very commonly used in medicine, and does not cause symptoms of intoxication.

title: @entity4968 with XXXX in the form of rectally administered tablets.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline', 'Theophylline']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdosing']

answer: @entity2544 :: (MESH:D013806,Chemical) :: ['theophylline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The paper discusses the case of @entity204 of a 56-year-old @entity1 who died in a municipal hospital from which his body was taken to the Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow. The @entity1 was said to have been found unconscious by accidental passers-by. While being transported to the hospital's emergency department, he suffered an attack of @entity410 and went into @entity1167 . He was subsequently successfully resuscitated. A physical examination performed at the hospital revealed the presence of multiple, only slightly dissolved tablets in the @entity1 's rectum. The @entity1 died on the 25th day of hospitalization. A toxicological analysis showed a toxic concentration of @entity2544 (25 mg/l) in the @entity1 's blood. @entity2544 was identified as the main ingredient of the tablets. The cause of @entity204 was thus given as @entity2544 @entity4968 . The reported case is unusual in that the @entity4968 occurred as a result of @entity1445 on an oral drug which was administered by the victim rectally, and in that the chosen substance currently is not very commonly used in medicine, and does not cause symptoms of intoxication.

title: XXXX with @entity2544 in the form of rectally administered tablets.

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['Lethal poisoning']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a chronic, recurrent @entity13571 . Evidence for increased @entity731 in @entity195 has been observed. The relation between cardiovascular risk factors and increased @entity731 in @entity1 with @entity195 is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: We performed this study to evaluate arterial stiffness in @entity1 with @entity195 by using noninvasive radiological methods such as @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ), @entity551 ( @entity551 ), coronary artery calcium score (CACaS), and their relation to serum @entity5363 levels, which was recently found to be important in @entity729 . METHODS: This prospective study included 26 @entity1 with @entity195 and 25 control subjects. In all @entity1 , the @entity2998 , @entity551 , CACaS, and serum @entity5363 levels were examined. RESULTS: The @entity2998 and CACaS were statistically higher and the @entity551 was statistically lower in @entity195 @entity1 than in the control group. All p-values were <0.001. Positive correlations were found between the CACaS and @entity2998 , and negative correlations were found between the CACaS and @entity551 . Although the values of @entity5363 were higher in @entity195 , the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.064). However, the correlations found between @entity5363 levels and @entity2998 and between @entity5363 levels and CACaS were significant. CONCLUSION: The @entity2998 , CACaS, and @entity551 are all useful in detecting structural and functional vascular damage in @entity195 .

title: Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness in @entity1 with Beh  et's Disease by Using Noninvasive Radiological Methods such as Intima-Media Thickness of the Carotid, Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index, Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring, and Their Relation to Serum XXXX Levels: A Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory systemic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['CIMT', 'carotid artery intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['ankle-brachial pressure index', 'ABPI']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Gene) :: ['Fetuin-A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a chronic, recurrent @entity13571 . Evidence for increased @entity731 in @entity195 has been observed. The relation between cardiovascular risk factors and increased @entity731 in @entity1 with @entity195 is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: We performed this study to evaluate arterial stiffness in @entity1 with @entity195 by using noninvasive radiological methods such as @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ), @entity551 ( @entity551 ), coronary artery calcium score (CACaS), and their relation to serum @entity5363 levels, which was recently found to be important in @entity729 . METHODS: This prospective study included 26 @entity1 with @entity195 and 25 control subjects. In all @entity1 , the @entity2998 , @entity551 , CACaS, and serum @entity5363 levels were examined. RESULTS: The @entity2998 and CACaS were statistically higher and the @entity551 was statistically lower in @entity195 @entity1 than in the control group. All p-values were <0.001. Positive correlations were found between the CACaS and @entity2998 , and negative correlations were found between the CACaS and @entity551 . Although the values of @entity5363 were higher in @entity195 , the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.064). However, the correlations found between @entity5363 levels and @entity2998 and between @entity5363 levels and CACaS were significant. CONCLUSION: The @entity2998 , CACaS, and @entity551 are all useful in detecting structural and functional vascular damage in @entity195 .

title: Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness in XXXX with Beh  et's Disease by Using Noninvasive Radiological Methods such as Intima-Media Thickness of the Carotid, Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index, Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring, and Their Relation to Serum @entity5363 Levels: A Case-Control Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The phenotypic heterogeneity of @entity1569 could be explained by the alternate activation of either T-helper (Th)-1- or Th-17-related cytokines. However, evidence directly supporting this hypothesis is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the expression of Th-1- and Th-17-related cytokines according to the morphological @entity1569 phenotype: guttate vs. plaque. METHODS: In this study, we enrolled 68 @entity1 exhibiting either guttate or @entity1569 , and 10 healthy controls. To avoid age-related bias, age matching was performed for each group. Circulating levels of @entity379 , @entity1193 , @entity1199 , IL-12p40, @entity4155 , @entity13236 , and @entity4452 were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Psoriasis-affected tissue was obtained through biopsy sampling from the eight @entity1 who exhibited the most typical morphology. Levels of @entity1193 , IL-12p40, @entity4155 , @entity13236 , and @entity4452 in the @entity1569 tissue samples were measured with western blot analysis. RESULTS: ELISAs of the serum samples showed higher levels of inflammatory cytokines such as @entity1193 , @entity1199 , @entity4452 , and @entity379 in @entity1 with @entity1569 than in healthy controls. However, the inflammatory cytokine levels did not differ significantly between guttate and @entity1569 @entity1 . Western blot analysis of psoriatic tissue revealed higher protein levels of Th-1- and Th-17-related cytokines in @entity1 than in healthy controls. The levels of IL-12p40 and @entity4452 were unexpectedly higher in plaque tissue than in guttate tissue. CONCLUSION: The morphological phenotype of @entity1569 does not appear to be determined by a specific activation of either the Th-1 or Th-17 pathway. Rather, the cytokine profile influences disease activity and is altered according to the status of the lesion (early or chronic).

title: Tissue and Serum Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Korean Psoriasis XXXX : A Comparison between Plaque and Guttate Psoriasis.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Passive straight-legged-raise (SLR) assessments have been performed with the ankle fixed in dorsiflexion (DF), @entity1411 ( @entity1411 ), or neutral (NTRL) position. However, it is unclear whether ankle position contributes to differences in the passive resistance measured during an SLR assessment. OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of ankle position during an SLR on the passive torque, range of motion (ROM), and hamstrings electromyographic (EMG) responses to passive stretch of the posterior hip and thigh muscles. DESIGN: Crossover study. SETTING: Research laboratory. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : A total of 13 healthy volunteers (5 @entity1 : age = 24    3 years, height = 178    6 cm, mass = 85    10 kg; 8 @entity1 : age = 21    1 years, height = 163    8 cm, mass = 60    6 kg). INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 performed 6 randomly ordered passive SLR assessments involving 2 assessments at each condition, which included the ankle positioned in DF, @entity1411 , and NTRL. All SLRs were performed using an isokinetic dynamometer programmed in passive mode to move the limb toward the head at 5  /s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): During each SLR, maximal ROM was determined as the point of discomfort but not @entity158 , as indicated by the @entity1 . Passive torque and EMG amplitude were determined at 4 common joint angles (  ) separated by 5   during the final common 15   of ROM for each @entity1 . RESULTS: Passive torque was greater for the DF condition than the NTRL (P = .008) and @entity1411 (P = .03) conditions at   3 and greater for the DF than NTRL condition (P = .02) at   4. Maximal ROM was lower for the DF condition than the NTRL (P = .003) and @entity1411 (P < .001) conditions. However, we found no differences among conditions for EMG amplitude (P = .86). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that performing SLRs with the ankle positioned in DF may elicit greater passive torque and lower ROM than SLRs with the ankle positioned in @entity1411 or NTRL. The greater passive torque and lower ROM induced by the DF condition possibly were due to increased tension in the neural structures of the proximal thigh.

title: Dorsiflexion, XXXX , and neutral ankle positions during passive resistance assessments of the posterior hip and thigh muscles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['PF', 'plantar-flexion']

answer: @entity1411 :: (MESH:D016523,Disease) :: ['plantar-flexion']


abstract: Objectives. Optimizing glycemic control is crucial to prevent @entity2412 . Cosmos caudatus is reported to have promising effect in improving plasma blood @entity413 in an animal model. However, its impact on @entity1 remains ambiguous. This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of C. caudatus on glycemic status in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Materials and Methods. In this randomized controlled trial with two-arm parallel-group design, a total of 101 subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 were randomly allocated to @entity6 or @entity6 controls for eight weeks. Subjects in @entity6 group consumed 15   g of C. caudatus daily for eight weeks while @entity6 controls abstained from taking C. caudatus. Both groups received the standard lifestyle advice. Results. After 8 weeks of supplementation, C. caudatus significantly reduced serum @entity2690 (-1.16 versus +3.91), reduced HOMA-IR (-1.09 versus +1.34), and increased QUICKI (+0.05 versus -0.03) in @entity6 group compared with the @entity6 controls. HbA1C level was improved although it is not statistically significant (-0.76% versus -0.37%). C. caudatus was safe to consume. Conclusions. C. caudatus supplementation significantly improves @entity2690 resistance and @entity2690 sensitivity in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Eight Weeks of Cosmos caudatus (Ulam Raja) Supplementation Improves Glycemic Status in XXXX with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic-ulam', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes related complications']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gadolinium-enhancing (GD+) lesions and @entity75 are MRI outcomes for phase-2 treatment trials in relapsing-remitting @entity15 (RRMS). Little is known about predictors of lesion development and regression-to-the-mean, which is an important aspect in early baseline-to-treatment trials. OBJECTIVES: To quantify regression-to-the-mean and identify predictors of MRI lesion development in placebo cohorts. METHODS: 21 Phase-2 and Phase-3 trials were identified by a systematic literature research. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate development of T2 and GD+ after 6 months (phase-2) or 2 years (phase-3). @entity75 development were evaluated with mixed-effect meta-regression. RESULTS: The mean number of GD+-lesions per scan was similar after 6 months (1.19, 95%CI: 0.87-1.51) and 2 years (1.19, 95%CI: 1.00-1.39). 39% of the @entity1 were without new @entity75 after 6 month and 19% after 2 years (95%CI: 12-25%). Mean number of baseline GD+-lesions was the best predictor for new lesions after 6 months. CONCLUSION: Baseline GD-enhancing lesions predict evolution of Gd- and @entity75 after 6 months and might be used to control for regression to the mean effects. Overall, proof-of-concept studies with a baseline to treatment design have to face a regression to 1.2 GD+lesions per scan within 6 months.

title: Regression to the Mean and Predictors of MRI Disease Activity in RRMS Placebo Cohorts - Is There a Place for Baseline-to-Treatment Studies in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['T2 lesions', 'Predictors of lesion', 'T2-lesion']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: The @entity281 dynamics and distribution of the ectoparasitic fish monogenean Neobenedenia sp. (Monogenea: Capsalidae) throughout its development was examined on @entity25595 , @entity25595 (Bloch) (Latidae), by labelling transparent, ciliated larvae (oncomiracidia) with a fluorescent dye. Replicate fish were each exposed to approximately 50 fluorescent oncomiracidia and then examined for @entity4801 using an epifluorescence stereomicroscope at 10 time intervals post-exposure (15, 30, 60, 120  min, 24, 48  h, four, eight, 12, and 16 days). Fluorescent labelling revealed that @entity4801 attached underneath and on the surface of the scales of host fish. Parasite @entity281 success was 20% within 15  min, and peaked at 93% two days post-exposure, before gradually declining between four and sixteen days. Differences in parasite distribution on @entity25595 over time provided strong evidence that Neobenedenia sp. larvae settled opportunistically and then migrated to specific microhabitats. Parasites initially attached (<24  h) in greater mean numbers on the body surface (13      1.5) compared to the fins (4      0.42) and head region (2      0.41). Once larvae recruitment had ceased (48  h), there were significantly higher mean post-larvae counts on the head (5      3.4) and fins (12      3) compared to previous time intervals. Neobenedenia sp. aggregated on the eyes, fins, and dorsal and ventral extremities on the main body. As @entity4801 neared sexual maturity, there was a marked aggregation on the fins (22      2.35) compared to the head (4      0.97) and body (9      1.33), indicating that Neobenedenia sp. may form @entity1423 .

title: Tracking transparent monogenean XXXX on fish from @entity281 to maturity.

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity25595 :: ('8187', 'Species') :: ['Lates calcarifer', 'L.  calcarifer', 'barramundi']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['mating aggregations']

answer: @entity4801 :: (MESH:D010272,Disease) :: ['parasites']


abstract: The @entity281 dynamics and distribution of the ectoparasitic fish monogenean Neobenedenia sp. (Monogenea: Capsalidae) throughout its development was examined on @entity25595 , @entity25595 (Bloch) (Latidae), by labelling transparent, ciliated larvae (oncomiracidia) with a fluorescent dye. Replicate fish were each exposed to approximately 50 fluorescent oncomiracidia and then examined for @entity4801 using an epifluorescence stereomicroscope at 10 time intervals post-exposure (15, 30, 60, 120  min, 24, 48  h, four, eight, 12, and 16 days). Fluorescent labelling revealed that @entity4801 attached underneath and on the surface of the scales of host fish. Parasite @entity281 success was 20% within 15  min, and peaked at 93% two days post-exposure, before gradually declining between four and sixteen days. Differences in parasite distribution on @entity25595 over time provided strong evidence that Neobenedenia sp. larvae settled opportunistically and then migrated to specific microhabitats. Parasites initially attached (<24  h) in greater mean numbers on the body surface (13      1.5) compared to the fins (4      0.42) and head region (2      0.41). Once larvae recruitment had ceased (48  h), there were significantly higher mean post-larvae counts on the head (5      3.4) and fins (12      3) compared to previous time intervals. Neobenedenia sp. aggregated on the eyes, fins, and dorsal and ventral extremities on the main body. As @entity4801 neared sexual maturity, there was a marked aggregation on the fins (22      2.35) compared to the head (4      0.97) and body (9      1.33), indicating that Neobenedenia sp. may form @entity1423 .

title: Tracking transparent monogenean @entity4801 on fish from XXXX to maturity.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: We report on a female @entity1 presenting with @entity35869 ( @entity35869 ) and her brother presenting with @entity716 . Both siblings had an R5H-mutation in exon 1 of the @entity3668 -gene. The @entity35869 @entity1 presented for the first time at the age of 72 years with a 4-year-history of @entity73 . After a progressive course the @entity1 died at the age of 76 years. The R5H- @entity3668 -gene mutation detected in the siblings has been described only once in 2002 by Hayashi et al. [1]. In this previous case from Japan, a 75-year-old @entity1 initially displayed @entity2730 and disorientation. He became bedridden, with progressive @entity2798 and @entity2003 of the upper extremities. Noteworthy are the manifold signs and symptoms in R5H-mutations and the late age of onset. For future trials, the detection of biomarkers for @entity747 in presymptomatic cohorts like the genetic @entity4943 initiative (GENFI) is of help for stratifying subjects at risk.

title: [A Pair of Siblings with a rare R5H-Mutation in Exon 1 of the XXXX -Gene].

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity35869 :: ('MESH:D018888', 'Disease') :: ['PPA', 'primary progressive aphasia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

answer: @entity3668 :: (4137,Gene) :: ['MAPT']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and @entity65 often share a comparable demographic profile. The aim of this analysis was to assess the significance and prevalence of preexisting CV comorbidity and events in @entity1149 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 715 consecutive @entity1149 @entity1 diagnosed between 2004 and 2009 at the Medical University of Innsbruck were retrospectively assessed regarding CV comorbidities, risk factors, @entity5 treatment, CV events occurring after the start of treatment, and outcome. RESULTS: At least one CV comorbidity was present in 462 (67.2%) of 687 evaluable @entity1 . CV events were documented in 68 @entity1 (9.5%), with conduction disorders being the most prevalent (n  = 19), followed by @entity296 (n  = 13), @entity583 (n  = 13), sudden CV @entity204 (n  = 12), need of revascularization (n  = 6), and @entity2294 (n  = 5). Median time between diagnosis of @entity1149 and CV event was 13.9 months. CV comorbidities and events both showed a direct correlation with increasing age, affecting up to 87.3% and 35.2% of all octogenarians in the study, respectively. The following CV comorbidities were significantly associated with CV events: @entity955 , @entity583 , and @entity296 . Overall survival was not reduced in @entity1 experiencing a CV event compared to @entity1 without an event. CONCLUSION: CV disease and events are frequently observed in @entity1149 @entity1 . To provide definitive recommendations on impact, prevention, and screening of CV disease in @entity1149 , prospective trials are desirable.

title: Cardiovascular Comorbidities and Events in  XXXX : Often Underestimated but Worth  Considering.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular (CV) disease']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: Per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) represents the culmination of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) research, and its most successful application to date. Over a thousand POEMs have been performed globally with remarkable results in terms of clinical efficacy and safety. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We examine the most recent literature concerning POEM since the last two comprehensive analyses [Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research (NOSCAR) White Paper, ASGE Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable endoscopic Innovations (PIVI)], and integrate this literature in the consensus POEM guidelines and perspective. These current works are largely centered on POEM operator learning curve, comparison of POEM and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) and extended application of POEM. RECENT FINDINGS: POEM and LHM are comparable in terms of efficacy (diminished @entity1282 and Eckardt score) and complications including @entity354 . POEM has been successfully performed in a wide variety of @entity1 including @entity1 , those with prior @entity1318 therapy and those with @entity1208 . SUMMARY: POEM has been validated as a treatment for @entity1318 . Issues remain regarding its longer term efficacy in comparison with LHM. Subsequent comparison trials are needed. VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/COG/ @entity56049 .

title: Per oral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['spastic esophageal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Emerging knowledge of the role of atheroprotective immune responses in modulating @entity32 and tissue repair in @entity731 has provided promising opportunities to develop novel therapies directly targeting the disease process in the artery wall. @entity1619 (Treg) cells have a protective role through release of anti-inflammatory cytokines and suppression of auto-reactive effector T cells. Studies in experimental animals have shown that blocking the generation or action of Treg cells is associated with more aggressive development of @entity731 . Conversely, cell transfer and other approaches to expand Treg cell populations in vivo result in reduced @entity731 . There have been relatively few clinical studies of Treg cells and @entity65 but the available evidence also supports a protective function. These observations have raised hope that it may be possible to develop therapies that act by enforcing the suppressive activities of Treg cells in @entity731 . One approach to achieve this goal has been through development of vaccines that stimulate immunological tolerance for plaque antigens. Several pilot vaccines based on LDL-derived antigens have demonstrated promising results in preclinical testing. If such therapies can be shown to be effective also in clinical trials, this could have an important impact on cardiovascular prevention and treatment. Here, we review the current knowledge of the mode of action of atheroprotective immunity and of the ways to stimulate such pathways in experimental settings. The challenges in translating this knowledge into the clinical setting are also discussed within the perspective of the experience of introducing immune-based therapies for other chronic non-infectious diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Atheroprotective immunity and XXXX : therapeutic opportunities and challenges.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Regulatory T']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Case Description This case reviews the acute care and rehabilitation course of a 44-year-old right-handed @entity1 after an assault with a pocketknife. She suffered @entity12967 wounds including @entity2982 to the left side of her neck. Physical examination revealed left @entity1158 (motor score  =  57), @entity1109 on the right caudal to the C5 dermatome, @entity73 sense on the left, and @entity1736 and @entity15496 . Initially she was unable to stand without maximum assistance. MR imaging revealed transection of the left hemicord at the C5 level without cord @entity548 . CTA of the neck was negative for @entity1317 . She completed 18 days of acute inpatient rehabilitation. She used forearm crutches for ambulation at time of discharge. Prior to discharge the @entity1 provided written permission for a case report. Discussion Stab wounds are the most common cause of traumatic @entity4889 . @entity4820 is common in @entity602 occurring in the cervical or thoracic region, however the combination of Horner's and @entity4889 is less commonly reported. In this case report, we review recommendations regarding initial imaging following cervical @entity2980 , discuss anatomy and associated neurological findings in Brown-S  quard and @entity4820 , and review the expected temporal course of motor recovery. Conclusions Facilitating motor recovery and optimizing function after Brown-S  quard @entity1566 are important roles for the rehabilitation team. Imaging is necessary to rule out cord @entity548 or @entity1317 and to clinically correlate @entity602 with physical examination findings and expected functional impairments. Documenting associated anisocoria and explaining this finding to the @entity1 is an important element of @entity1566 education. Commonly, @entity1 with Brown-S  quard injuries demonstrate remarkable motor recovery and regain voluntary motor strength and functional ambulation.

title: @entity4889 without @entity1317 associated with XXXX after a stab injury to the neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity12967 :: ('MESH:D051270', 'Disease') :: ['multiple stab']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['Brown-S  quard syndrome', 'Brown-S  quard syndromes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired joint position']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['impaired pinprick sensation']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord damage', 'spinal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity2982 :: ('MESH:D020197', 'Disease') :: ['penetrating injury']

entities_list: @entity2980 :: ('MESH:D014951', 'Disease') :: ['stab wounds']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['left ptosis']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome", "Horner's syndromes"]

answer: @entity4820 :: (MESH:D006732,Disease) :: ['Horner's syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Case Description This case reviews the acute care and rehabilitation course of a 44-year-old right-handed @entity1 after an assault with a pocketknife. She suffered @entity12967 wounds including @entity2982 to the left side of her neck. Physical examination revealed left @entity1158 (motor score  =  57), @entity1109 on the right caudal to the C5 dermatome, @entity73 sense on the left, and @entity1736 and @entity15496 . Initially she was unable to stand without maximum assistance. MR imaging revealed transection of the left hemicord at the C5 level without cord @entity548 . CTA of the neck was negative for @entity1317 . She completed 18 days of acute inpatient rehabilitation. She used forearm crutches for ambulation at time of discharge. Prior to discharge the @entity1 provided written permission for a case report. Discussion Stab wounds are the most common cause of traumatic @entity4889 . @entity4820 is common in @entity602 occurring in the cervical or thoracic region, however the combination of Horner's and @entity4889 is less commonly reported. In this case report, we review recommendations regarding initial imaging following cervical @entity2980 , discuss anatomy and associated neurological findings in Brown-S  quard and @entity4820 , and review the expected temporal course of motor recovery. Conclusions Facilitating motor recovery and optimizing function after Brown-S  quard @entity1566 are important roles for the rehabilitation team. Imaging is necessary to rule out cord @entity548 or @entity1317 and to clinically correlate @entity602 with physical examination findings and expected functional impairments. Documenting associated anisocoria and explaining this finding to the @entity1 is an important element of @entity1566 education. Commonly, @entity1 with Brown-S  quard injuries demonstrate remarkable motor recovery and regain voluntary motor strength and functional ambulation.

title: XXXX without @entity1317 associated with @entity4820 after a stab injury to the neck.

answer: @entity4889 :: (MESH:D018455,Disease) :: ['Brown-S  quard syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Case Description This case reviews the acute care and rehabilitation course of a 44-year-old right-handed @entity1 after an assault with a pocketknife. She suffered @entity12967 wounds including @entity2982 to the left side of her neck. Physical examination revealed left @entity1158 (motor score  =  57), @entity1109 on the right caudal to the C5 dermatome, @entity73 sense on the left, and @entity1736 and @entity15496 . Initially she was unable to stand without maximum assistance. MR imaging revealed transection of the left hemicord at the C5 level without cord @entity548 . CTA of the neck was negative for @entity1317 . She completed 18 days of acute inpatient rehabilitation. She used forearm crutches for ambulation at time of discharge. Prior to discharge the @entity1 provided written permission for a case report. Discussion Stab wounds are the most common cause of traumatic @entity4889 . @entity4820 is common in @entity602 occurring in the cervical or thoracic region, however the combination of Horner's and @entity4889 is less commonly reported. In this case report, we review recommendations regarding initial imaging following cervical @entity2980 , discuss anatomy and associated neurological findings in Brown-S  quard and @entity4820 , and review the expected temporal course of motor recovery. Conclusions Facilitating motor recovery and optimizing function after Brown-S  quard @entity1566 are important roles for the rehabilitation team. Imaging is necessary to rule out cord @entity548 or @entity1317 and to clinically correlate @entity602 with physical examination findings and expected functional impairments. Documenting associated anisocoria and explaining this finding to the @entity1 is an important element of @entity1566 education. Commonly, @entity1 with Brown-S  quard injuries demonstrate remarkable motor recovery and regain voluntary motor strength and functional ambulation.

title: @entity4889 without XXXX associated with @entity4820 after a stab injury to the neck.

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine @entity5 (NEN) with unknown primary site ( @entity8799 ) may have a poor prognosis. We evaluated the clinical presentation, therapy, outcome, and risk factors for adverse outcomes in @entity1 who had these @entity5 . METHODS: In 243 @entity1 who had NEN, a retrospective review was performed in 38 @entity1 who had @entity8799 . The 38 @entity1 who had @entity8799 were evaluated in three groups: group 1 (surgery; primary @entity5 detected; ten @entity1 ); group 2 (surgery; no primary @entity5 detected; ten @entity1 ); and group 3 (no surgery; 18 @entity1 ). Risk factors were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Most @entity1 who had @entity8799 [32 @entity1 (84  %)] had World Health Organization (WHO) performance score of 0 or 1, and most @entity5 [24 @entity1 (63  %)] were well differentiated (WHO grade, G1 or G2; Ki-67 index,  <=20  %). Univariate analysis showed that greater survival was significantly associated with lower @entity1 age, lower WHO performance score, lower WHO grade, lower number of metastatic sites, treatment with surgery, and no treatment with chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis showed that low WHO performance score (hazard ratio 7.63, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 2.63-22.19) and treatment with surgery (hazard ratio 0.10, CI 0.028-0.381) were significant independent predictors of improved survival. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity8799 , surgical treatment is an independent predictor of better survival. Therefore, surgical treatment may be indicated in @entity1 with good general health status and well-differentiated @entity8799 .

title: CUP XXXX : Analysis of Risk Factors and Impact of Surgical Intervention.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8799 :: ('MESH:D018358', 'Disease') :: ['NEN-CUP tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Syndrome in Neuroendocrine Neoplasia']


abstract: @entity1653 are common @entity5 with accepted treatment approaches and usually don't challenge healthcare specialists. We present a case of a huge unresectable @entity10413 , which was successfully treated with hypofractionated @entity7841 . A male @entity1 , sixty-two years of age, suffered for over 12 years from @entity10 , @entity154 , @entity735 , right eye movement restriction, right-sided ptosis, and @entity1183 . MRI and CT studies revealed an extended @entity10413 . Prior to @entity7841 , the @entity1 underwent four operations. Eventually, the @entity5 was irradiated with the CyberKnife in August 2009. @entity5 volume composed 1085 cc. The mean dose of 35.3 Gy was delivered in 7 fractions (31.5 Gy at 72% isodose line comprising 95% of @entity5 volume). The @entity1 was followed during six years and experienced only mild (Grade 1-2 CTCAE) acute skin  and mucosa reactions. During the follow-up period, we observed target volume shrinkage for 17% (for 26% after excluding @entity4916 ) and regression of @entity428 signs. Due to the extreme volume and complex shape of the @entity5 , spreading along the surface of the hemisphere as well as an optic nerve involvement, the case presented would not be generally  considered suitable for @entity7841 , especially for hypofractionation. We regard this clinical situation not as a treatment recommendation, but as a demonstration of the underestimated possibilities of hypofractionation regimen and CyberKnife system, both of which are limited with our habit of conventional treatments.

title: Successful CyberKnife Irradiation of 1000 cc Hemicranial XXXX : 6-year Follow-up.

entities_list: @entity7841 :: ('MESH:D012793', 'Disease') :: ['irradiation']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial deformity']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity4916 :: ('MESH:D015576', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostosis']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity10413 :: ('MESH:D000757', 'Disease') :: ['hemicranial meningioma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['right eye displacement']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Meningioma']


abstract: A mutant line of @entity1573 (DAM line) has been developed that is characterized by a high incidence of a spontaneous, postnatal, cutaneous amelanosis. Amelanotic individuals also have a high incidence of @entity1939 and a low incidence of an integumentary defect expressed as a variable loss of feathers. A low incidence of @entity1375 is also present but is not limited to the amelanotic phenotype. All line associated traits appear to be controlled by multiple autosomal genes. Selection experiments showed that the amelanosis and @entity735 are highly heritable and partially share a common genetic basis. However, it also was shown that the incidence of @entity1939 could be readily altered within the amelanotic population by selection. It is suggested that the @entity1939 represents the most severe expression of the @entity751 . The amelanosis equally affected both sexes and both @entity43483 and phaeomelanin pigments. A relationship was found between the presence of the back plumage color gene, E, and an increase incidence of feather amelanosis in segregating DAM line populations. This was not accompanied by an increase in @entity1939 . The DAM line appears to be a valuable animal model for vitiligo, as well as several melanin-related @entity2194 .

title: The DAM XXXX : a model for spontaneous postnatal cutaneous and ocular amelanosis.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eye defect']

entities_list: @entity43483 :: ('MESH:C041877', 'Chemical') :: ['eumelanin']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['amelanosis syndrome']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Venous resection (VR) during pancreatectomy has been reported to neither increase mortality nor morbidity and to provide similar survival outcomes in same stage @entity5 . However, controversy remains regarding the indications for up-front surgery according to the degree of @entity1211 . METHODS: From 2004 to 2009, 1,399 @entity1 included in a French multicenter survey underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy for @entity788 , either without VR (997 standard resections [SR]) or with VR (402 @entity1 ; 29  %). Postoperative and long-term outcomes were compared in both groups. RESULTS: VR was associated with the following factors: larger @entity5 (p  <  0.001), poorly differentiated @entity5 (p  =  0.004), higher numbers of positive lymph nodes (p  =  0.042), and positive resection margins (R1; p  <  0.001). Overall, VR increased neither postoperative morbidity nor postoperative mortality (5 vs. 3  % in SR @entity1 ; p  =  0.16). The median and 3-year survival rates in VR @entity1 versus SR @entity1 were 21  months and 31  % vs. 29  months and 44  %, respectively (p  =  0.0002). In the entire cohort, multivariate analysis identified VR as a significant poor prognostic factor for long-term survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.75, 95  % confidence interval [CI] 1.28-2.40; p  =  0.0005). In the VR @entity1 , lymph node ratio, whatever the cutoff (<0.3: p  =  0.093; >= 0.3: p  =  0.0098), R1 resection (p  =  0.010), and segmental resection (p  =  0.016) were independent risk factors; neoadjuvant treatment (HR 0.52, 95  % CI 0.29-0.94; p  =  0.031) and adjuvant treatment (HR 0.55, 95  % CI 0.35-0.85; p  =  0.006) were significantly associated with improved long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term survival after pancreatectomy was significantly altered when up-front VR was performed. Neoadjuvant treatment may be a better strategy than up-front resection in @entity1 with preoperative suspicion of @entity1211 .

title: XXXX with @entity1211 : Is Up-Front Synchronous Portal-Superior Mesenteric Vein Resection Still Justified? A Survey of the Association Fran  aise de Chirurgie.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous involvement']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Venous resection (VR) during pancreatectomy has been reported to neither increase mortality nor morbidity and to provide similar survival outcomes in same stage @entity5 . However, controversy remains regarding the indications for up-front surgery according to the degree of @entity1211 . METHODS: From 2004 to 2009, 1,399 @entity1 included in a French multicenter survey underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy for @entity788 , either without VR (997 standard resections [SR]) or with VR (402 @entity1 ; 29  %). Postoperative and long-term outcomes were compared in both groups. RESULTS: VR was associated with the following factors: larger @entity5 (p  <  0.001), poorly differentiated @entity5 (p  =  0.004), higher numbers of positive lymph nodes (p  =  0.042), and positive resection margins (R1; p  <  0.001). Overall, VR increased neither postoperative morbidity nor postoperative mortality (5 vs. 3  % in SR @entity1 ; p  =  0.16). The median and 3-year survival rates in VR @entity1 versus SR @entity1 were 21  months and 31  % vs. 29  months and 44  %, respectively (p  =  0.0002). In the entire cohort, multivariate analysis identified VR as a significant poor prognostic factor for long-term survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.75, 95  % confidence interval [CI] 1.28-2.40; p  =  0.0005). In the VR @entity1 , lymph node ratio, whatever the cutoff (<0.3: p  =  0.093; >= 0.3: p  =  0.0098), R1 resection (p  =  0.010), and segmental resection (p  =  0.016) were independent risk factors; neoadjuvant treatment (HR 0.52, 95  % CI 0.29-0.94; p  =  0.031) and adjuvant treatment (HR 0.55, 95  % CI 0.35-0.85; p  =  0.006) were significantly associated with improved long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term survival after pancreatectomy was significantly altered when up-front VR was performed. Neoadjuvant treatment may be a better strategy than up-front resection in @entity1 with preoperative suspicion of @entity1211 .

title: @entity788 with XXXX : Is Up-Front Synchronous Portal-Superior Mesenteric Vein Resection Still Justified? A Survey of the Association Fran  aise de Chirurgie.

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous Involvement']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The American @entity6 Association recommends @entity2690 initiation when A1c >= 10%. The aim of this study was to determine adherence to @entity2690 initiation in @entity1 with an A1c >= 10% at an outpatient family medicine clinic. The secondary objectives were to determine whether initiation of @entity2690 within 3 weeks of an A1c >= 10% increased the rate or decreased the time to achieve an A1c <7% and to determine whether pharmacist involvement increased the rate of reaching an A1c <7%. This institutional review board-approved, retrospective, observational, cohort study identified 120 @entity1 with @entity6 and an A1c >= 10% in 2014. @entity1 already receiving @entity2690 or those without a follow-up A1c were excluded. Study outcomes included proportion of @entity1 receiving @entity2690 therapy within 3 weeks of A1c >/=10%, rate of meeting A1c <7%, time to reach A1c <7%, and proportion of @entity1 meeting with a pharmacist. Fifty-five @entity1 with a mean age of 55 years, a mean duration of @entity6 of 6.4 years, and a mean baseline A1c of 11.7% met the inclusion criteria. Most @entity1 were receiving no therapy (29%), monotherapy (27%), or dual therapy (29%) at baseline. @entity2690 was initiated in 5 @entity1 (9.1%, P < 0.05) within 3 weeks of the qualifying A1c. Another 5 @entity1 (P < 0.05) received @entity2690 at some point during the study. An A1c <7% was achieved in 35.6% of @entity1 not receiving @entity2690 , 20% of @entity1 receiving early @entity2690 , and no @entity1 who received @entity2690 after 3 weeks. The mean time to A1c <7% was 6 months for @entity1 not on @entity2690 and 3 months for those receiving early @entity2690 . Thirty-three percent of @entity1 who met with a pharmacist reached an A1c <7% compared with 30% of @entity1 who did not. Adherence to @entity2690 initiation guidelines and rate of achieving A1c <7% in @entity1 with A1c >= 10% is low. Increasing pharmacy involvement may increase the rate of reaching goal A1c.

title: Assessing Adherence to XXXX Initiation Recommendations at a Suburban Family Medicine Clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: PURPOSES: To determine the basic expression of @entity22321 transporters in an @entity43 cell line, and to investigate whether low concentrations of @entity1443 and @entity5018 inhibited the growth of this cell line in vitro. METHODS: @entity1 cells were exposed to different concentrations of @entity1443 (1.5 to 15  g/mL) and @entity5018 (2.0 to 20  g/mL) for 24 to 48 hours. The cellular growth was assessed using a cell viability assay. Cellular morphology was determined by fluorescence microscopy. The gene expression profile of @entity22321 transporters was determined by assessing a panel including 42 genes of the @entity22321 transporter superfamily. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in @entity1 cell growth after exposure to 15  g/mL of @entity1443 for 24 (p=0.02) and 48 hours (p=0.01), or to 20  g/mL of @entity5018 for 48 hours (p=0.04). Assessing the morphology of @entity1 cells did not reveal evidence of extensive apoptosis. @entity1 cells had a reduced expression of the genes @entity21123 , @entity22149 , @entity36620 , @entity21552 , @entity57640 and @entity43423 within the @entity22321 transporter superfamily. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in vitro evidence of inhibitory effects of growth in therapeutic concentrations of @entity1443 and @entity5018 on @entity1 cells. Additionally, @entity1 cells presented a reduced expression of the @entity21123 , @entity22149 , @entity36620 , @entity21552 , @entity57640 and @entity43423 transporters.

title: Gene expression profile of @entity22321 transporters and cytotoxic effect of @entity5018 and XXXX in an @entity43 cell line in vitro.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: PURPOSES: To determine the basic expression of @entity22321 transporters in an @entity43 cell line, and to investigate whether low concentrations of @entity1443 and @entity5018 inhibited the growth of this cell line in vitro. METHODS: @entity1 cells were exposed to different concentrations of @entity1443 (1.5 to 15  g/mL) and @entity5018 (2.0 to 20  g/mL) for 24 to 48 hours. The cellular growth was assessed using a cell viability assay. Cellular morphology was determined by fluorescence microscopy. The gene expression profile of @entity22321 transporters was determined by assessing a panel including 42 genes of the @entity22321 transporter superfamily. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in @entity1 cell growth after exposure to 15  g/mL of @entity1443 for 24 (p=0.02) and 48 hours (p=0.01), or to 20  g/mL of @entity5018 for 48 hours (p=0.04). Assessing the morphology of @entity1 cells did not reveal evidence of extensive apoptosis. @entity1 cells had a reduced expression of the genes @entity21123 , @entity22149 , @entity36620 , @entity21552 , @entity57640 and @entity43423 within the @entity22321 transporter superfamily. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in vitro evidence of inhibitory effects of growth in therapeutic concentrations of @entity1443 and @entity5018 on @entity1 cells. Additionally, @entity1 cells presented a reduced expression of the @entity21123 , @entity22149 , @entity36620 , @entity21552 , @entity57640 and @entity43423 transporters.

title: Gene expression profile of XXXX transporters and cytotoxic effect of @entity5018 and @entity1443 in an @entity43 cell line in vitro.

answer: @entity22321 :: (10058,Gene) :: ['ABC']


abstract: PURPOSES: To determine the basic expression of @entity22321 transporters in an @entity43 cell line, and to investigate whether low concentrations of @entity1443 and @entity5018 inhibited the growth of this cell line in vitro. METHODS: @entity1 cells were exposed to different concentrations of @entity1443 (1.5 to 15  g/mL) and @entity5018 (2.0 to 20  g/mL) for 24 to 48 hours. The cellular growth was assessed using a cell viability assay. Cellular morphology was determined by fluorescence microscopy. The gene expression profile of @entity22321 transporters was determined by assessing a panel including 42 genes of the @entity22321 transporter superfamily. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in @entity1 cell growth after exposure to 15  g/mL of @entity1443 for 24 (p=0.02) and 48 hours (p=0.01), or to 20  g/mL of @entity5018 for 48 hours (p=0.04). Assessing the morphology of @entity1 cells did not reveal evidence of extensive apoptosis. @entity1 cells had a reduced expression of the genes @entity21123 , @entity22149 , @entity36620 , @entity21552 , @entity57640 and @entity43423 within the @entity22321 transporter superfamily. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in vitro evidence of inhibitory effects of growth in therapeutic concentrations of @entity1443 and @entity5018 on @entity1 cells. Additionally, @entity1 cells presented a reduced expression of the @entity21123 , @entity22149 , @entity36620 , @entity21552 , @entity57640 and @entity43423 transporters.

title: Gene expression profile of @entity22321 transporters and cytotoxic effect of XXXX and @entity1443 in an @entity43 cell line in vitro.

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: PURPOSES: To determine the basic expression of @entity22321 transporters in an @entity43 cell line, and to investigate whether low concentrations of @entity1443 and @entity5018 inhibited the growth of this cell line in vitro. METHODS: @entity1 cells were exposed to different concentrations of @entity1443 (1.5 to 15  g/mL) and @entity5018 (2.0 to 20  g/mL) for 24 to 48 hours. The cellular growth was assessed using a cell viability assay. Cellular morphology was determined by fluorescence microscopy. The gene expression profile of @entity22321 transporters was determined by assessing a panel including 42 genes of the @entity22321 transporter superfamily. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in @entity1 cell growth after exposure to 15  g/mL of @entity1443 for 24 (p=0.02) and 48 hours (p=0.01), or to 20  g/mL of @entity5018 for 48 hours (p=0.04). Assessing the morphology of @entity1 cells did not reveal evidence of extensive apoptosis. @entity1 cells had a reduced expression of the genes @entity21123 , @entity22149 , @entity36620 , @entity21552 , @entity57640 and @entity43423 within the @entity22321 transporter superfamily. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in vitro evidence of inhibitory effects of growth in therapeutic concentrations of @entity1443 and @entity5018 on @entity1 cells. Additionally, @entity1 cells presented a reduced expression of the @entity21123 , @entity22149 , @entity36620 , @entity21552 , @entity57640 and @entity43423 transporters.

title: Gene expression profile of @entity22321 transporters and cytotoxic effect of @entity5018 and @entity1443 in an XXXX cell line in vitro.

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: A total of 9,955 schoolchildren aged 6-16 years have been examined in a tropical region. The prevalence of @entity272 varied from 21 to 87% in the municipalities surveyed. The most common dermatoses were @entity9583 (prevalence 50%), nevi (16.8%), @entity14937 (13.2%), @entity6793 (12.2%), @entity9585 (9.9%), @entity4013 (6.2%), @entity1800 (6.2%), @entity1908 (3.0%) and @entity5477 (2.7%). The prevalence of @entity3136 , @entity45423 , @entity7553 , @entity25118 , @entity27301 , ephelides and @entity29021 is lower but still relatively high. Females had higher rates of @entity9583 and males higher prevalence of @entity9585 . The prevalence of @entity14937 , @entity8205 and @entity1908 was similar in males and females. @entity14663 , macular @entity8205 and especially @entity14937 tended to increase with age. @entity1201 is hyperendemic in the surveyed area and its rate in the schoolchildren examined was 0.08%. Population movement (urbanization), socioeconomic situation, living conditions, promiscuity, and lack of hygiene may be the cause of such high prevalence and of association of two or more @entity272 . Climatic conditions might have enhanced the prevalence of certain dermatoses ( @entity14937 , @entity4013 , @entity25118 , @entity7553 , @entity45423 ).

title: Epidemiological survey of XXXX in schoolchildren living in the Purus Valley (Acre State, Amazonia, Brazil).

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['angular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity45423 :: ('MESH:D008883', 'Disease') :: ['miliaria rubra']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytosis']

entities_list: @entity27301 :: ('MESH:C537412', 'Disease') :: ['keratosis pilaris']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented nevus', 'pigmented nevi']

entities_list: @entity29021 :: ('MESH:D005929', 'Disease') :: ['geographic tongue']

entities_list: @entity14663 :: ('MESH:D005499', 'Disease') :: ['Folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity25118 :: ('MESH:D010854', 'Disease') :: ['piedra nigra']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral dermatosis']

entities_list: @entity9583 :: ('MESH:D010373', 'Disease') :: ['pediculosis capitis', 'pediculosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['dermatosis', 'skin conditions']

entities_list: @entity14937 :: ('MESH:D014010', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis versicolor']

entities_list: @entity9585 :: ('MESH:D010915', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis alba']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin diseases']


abstract: Background. Knowledge and attitudes concerning @entity735 are important socio-demographic parameters critical for eye care uptake and outcomes, especially in underserved populations. Objectives. To assess knowledge and attitudes concerning @entity735 in a rural south-eastern Nigerian population. Methods. The study was a population-based survey of knowledge and attitudes concerning common @entity2194 conducted in Abagana community in September 2011. Results. The @entity1 comprised 263 males and 238 females. Their profile of good knowledge was @entity5517 : 38.9%; refractive error: 28.9%; @entity231 : 18.0%; @entity6 : 8.0%; @entity726 : 5.8%; and overall good knowledge: 4.0%. Prevention and treatment of @entity735 were rated as first priorities over other major disabilities by 91.4% @entity1 . Older age and formal education were the significant predictors of good knowledge. Conclusion. In Abagana, there is poor overall and disorder-specific @entity735 . Socio-demographic factors are important determinants of knowledge. Community-based preventive eye health education is underscored.

title: Knowledge and Attitudes towards XXXX in a Rural South-eastern Nigerian Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['eye infections']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['common eye disorders', 'eye disorders', 'knowledge of eye disorders']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Eye Diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14937 ( @entity14937 ) is a common superficial @entity364 of the skin caused by @entity27220 . Initially M. furfur was suggested as its main aetiological agent; however, more recent studies suggest @entity27220 as the dominant species. The possibility of a variance in predominant species based on geographical basis has not been fully evaluated. The objective of this study was to identify the @entity27220 species on affected and non-affected skin of students with @entity14937 who reside in a tropical environment (Abuja, Nigeria) and correlate them to clinical characteristics. In this study, the literature on prevalence of @entity27220 genus in @entity14937 was also reviewed. Samples were taken from 304 @entity14937 lesions and 110 normal appearing skin. Microscopy, culture and identification of @entity27220 species utilising polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were performed. Three @entity27220 species were detected in @entity14937 with the major species being M. furfur. On normal appearing skin, M. furfur (77.6%) and M. restricta (10.4%) were both detected. No case of @entity27220 was identified in this study. There was no significant difference between species identified and clinical features of @entity14937 . M. furfur is probably still the most predominant species causing @entity14937 in the tropical environment.

title: The spectrum of XXXX species isolated from students with pityriasis vesicolor in Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity14937 :: ('MESH:D014010', 'Disease') :: ['PV', 'Pityriasis versicolor']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity27220 :: ('76773', 'Species') :: ['Malassezia', 'M. globosa']

answer: @entity27220 :: (76773,Species) :: ['Malassezia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the leading cause of @entity5 . @entity902 -based chemotherapeutic drugs are the most active agents in treating @entity1442 . Resistance to these drugs is common and multifactorial; insight into the molecular mechanisms involved will likely enhance efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A set of @entity1149 @entity902 -resistant sublines was created from the @entity1 cell line. Cell viability was quantified using the @entity2454 assay. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) in these lines were identified using Affymetrix miR arrays. The potential genes targeted by these miRs were searched using the TargetScan algorithm. The expression levels of miRs and mRNA were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity3373 was reproducibly elevated in all the resistant sublines tested; however, modulation of @entity3373 levels alone in these cells did not affect their response to @entity900 . A potential target of @entity3373 is @entity14107 ( @entity14107 ), an important regulator of cell proliferation. The mRNA and protein levels of @entity14107 were both downregulated in the resistant sublines. An inhibitor of @entity20405 ( @entity20406 ) protected parental @entity1149 cells from @entity900 @entity137 . CONCLUSION: In the present study, we identified miRs differentially expressed in @entity900 -resistant cell lines, including @entity3373 . A predicted target of @entity3373 is @entity14107 , and its expression was found to be downregulated in the resistant sublines, although not directly by @entity3373 . Inhibition of @entity14107 antagonizes @entity900 -induced @entity1149 cell @entity137 , suggesting that agents that inhibit @entity14107 should be avoided during @entity900 therapy.

title: miR Profiling Identifies @entity14107 Downregulation as a Potential Mechanism of Acquired XXXX Resistance in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity14107 :: ('1021', 'Gene') :: ['CDK6', 'cyclin-dependent kinase 6']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the leading cause of @entity5 . @entity902 -based chemotherapeutic drugs are the most active agents in treating @entity1442 . Resistance to these drugs is common and multifactorial; insight into the molecular mechanisms involved will likely enhance efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A set of @entity1149 @entity902 -resistant sublines was created from the @entity1 cell line. Cell viability was quantified using the @entity2454 assay. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) in these lines were identified using Affymetrix miR arrays. The potential genes targeted by these miRs were searched using the TargetScan algorithm. The expression levels of miRs and mRNA were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity3373 was reproducibly elevated in all the resistant sublines tested; however, modulation of @entity3373 levels alone in these cells did not affect their response to @entity900 . A potential target of @entity3373 is @entity14107 ( @entity14107 ), an important regulator of cell proliferation. The mRNA and protein levels of @entity14107 were both downregulated in the resistant sublines. An inhibitor of @entity20405 ( @entity20406 ) protected parental @entity1149 cells from @entity900 @entity137 . CONCLUSION: In the present study, we identified miRs differentially expressed in @entity900 -resistant cell lines, including @entity3373 . A predicted target of @entity3373 is @entity14107 , and its expression was found to be downregulated in the resistant sublines, although not directly by @entity3373 . Inhibition of @entity14107 antagonizes @entity900 -induced @entity1149 cell @entity137 , suggesting that agents that inhibit @entity14107 should be avoided during @entity900 therapy.

title: miR Profiling Identifies @entity14107 Downregulation as a Potential Mechanism of Acquired @entity900 Resistance in XXXX .

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the leading cause of @entity5 . @entity902 -based chemotherapeutic drugs are the most active agents in treating @entity1442 . Resistance to these drugs is common and multifactorial; insight into the molecular mechanisms involved will likely enhance efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A set of @entity1149 @entity902 -resistant sublines was created from the @entity1 cell line. Cell viability was quantified using the @entity2454 assay. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) in these lines were identified using Affymetrix miR arrays. The potential genes targeted by these miRs were searched using the TargetScan algorithm. The expression levels of miRs and mRNA were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity3373 was reproducibly elevated in all the resistant sublines tested; however, modulation of @entity3373 levels alone in these cells did not affect their response to @entity900 . A potential target of @entity3373 is @entity14107 ( @entity14107 ), an important regulator of cell proliferation. The mRNA and protein levels of @entity14107 were both downregulated in the resistant sublines. An inhibitor of @entity20405 ( @entity20406 ) protected parental @entity1149 cells from @entity900 @entity137 . CONCLUSION: In the present study, we identified miRs differentially expressed in @entity900 -resistant cell lines, including @entity3373 . A predicted target of @entity3373 is @entity14107 , and its expression was found to be downregulated in the resistant sublines, although not directly by @entity3373 . Inhibition of @entity14107 antagonizes @entity900 -induced @entity1149 cell @entity137 , suggesting that agents that inhibit @entity14107 should be avoided during @entity900 therapy.

title: miR Profiling Identifies XXXX Downregulation as a Potential Mechanism of Acquired @entity900 Resistance in @entity1149 .

answer: @entity14107 :: (1021,Gene) :: ['Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6']


abstract: Purpose: We previously reported a transgenic @entity1238 model of @entity6391 in which tadpoles express the @entity291 form of @entity41812 @entity10627 (b @entity41812 ) in rod photoreceptors. In this model, @entity2000 was dependent on light exposure. Here, we investigated ultrastructural changes that occurred in the rod photoreceptors of these retinas when exposed to light. Methods: Tadpoles expressing bP23H in rods were transferred from constant darkness to a 12-hour light:12-hour dark (12L:12D) regimen. For comparison, transgenic tadpoles expressing an inducible form of @entity50513 ( @entity50513 ) were reared in a 12L:12D regimen, and @entity2000 was induced by administration of the drug @entity16130 . Tadpoles were euthanized at various time points, and eyes were processed for confocal light and transmission electron microscopy. Results: We observed defects in outer and inner segments of rods expressing bP23H that were aggravated by light exposure. Rod outer segments exhibited vesiculations throughout and were rapidly phagocytosed by the retinal pigment epithelium. In rod inner segments, we observed autophagic compartments adjacent to the endoplasmic reticulum and extensive vesiculation at later time points. These defects were not found in rods expressing @entity50513 , which completely degenerated within 36 hours after drug administration. Conclusions: Our results indicate that ultrastructural defects in outer and inner segment membranes of bP23H expressing rods differ from those observed in drug-induced apoptosis. We suggest that light-induced @entity2000 caused by @entity41812 @entity10627 occurs via cell death with autophagy, which may represent an attempt to eliminate the mutant @entity10627 and/or damaged cellular compartments from the secretory pathway.

title: Light Induces Ultrastructural Changes in Rod Outer and Inner Segments, Including Autophagy, in a Transgenic @entity1238 @entity41812 XXXX Model of @entity6391 .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity41812 :: ('p|SUB|P|23|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P23H']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

answer: @entity10627 :: (380209(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['Rhodopsin']


abstract: Purpose: We previously reported a transgenic @entity1238 model of @entity6391 in which tadpoles express the @entity291 form of @entity41812 @entity10627 (b @entity41812 ) in rod photoreceptors. In this model, @entity2000 was dependent on light exposure. Here, we investigated ultrastructural changes that occurred in the rod photoreceptors of these retinas when exposed to light. Methods: Tadpoles expressing bP23H in rods were transferred from constant darkness to a 12-hour light:12-hour dark (12L:12D) regimen. For comparison, transgenic tadpoles expressing an inducible form of @entity50513 ( @entity50513 ) were reared in a 12L:12D regimen, and @entity2000 was induced by administration of the drug @entity16130 . Tadpoles were euthanized at various time points, and eyes were processed for confocal light and transmission electron microscopy. Results: We observed defects in outer and inner segments of rods expressing bP23H that were aggravated by light exposure. Rod outer segments exhibited vesiculations throughout and were rapidly phagocytosed by the retinal pigment epithelium. In rod inner segments, we observed autophagic compartments adjacent to the endoplasmic reticulum and extensive vesiculation at later time points. These defects were not found in rods expressing @entity50513 , which completely degenerated within 36 hours after drug administration. Conclusions: Our results indicate that ultrastructural defects in outer and inner segment membranes of bP23H expressing rods differ from those observed in drug-induced apoptosis. We suggest that light-induced @entity2000 caused by @entity41812 @entity10627 occurs via cell death with autophagy, which may represent an attempt to eliminate the mutant @entity10627 and/or damaged cellular compartments from the secretory pathway.

title: Light Induces Ultrastructural Changes in Rod Outer and Inner Segments, Including Autophagy, in a Transgenic XXXX @entity41812 @entity10627 Model of @entity6391 .

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: Purpose: We previously reported a transgenic @entity1238 model of @entity6391 in which tadpoles express the @entity291 form of @entity41812 @entity10627 (b @entity41812 ) in rod photoreceptors. In this model, @entity2000 was dependent on light exposure. Here, we investigated ultrastructural changes that occurred in the rod photoreceptors of these retinas when exposed to light. Methods: Tadpoles expressing bP23H in rods were transferred from constant darkness to a 12-hour light:12-hour dark (12L:12D) regimen. For comparison, transgenic tadpoles expressing an inducible form of @entity50513 ( @entity50513 ) were reared in a 12L:12D regimen, and @entity2000 was induced by administration of the drug @entity16130 . Tadpoles were euthanized at various time points, and eyes were processed for confocal light and transmission electron microscopy. Results: We observed defects in outer and inner segments of rods expressing bP23H that were aggravated by light exposure. Rod outer segments exhibited vesiculations throughout and were rapidly phagocytosed by the retinal pigment epithelium. In rod inner segments, we observed autophagic compartments adjacent to the endoplasmic reticulum and extensive vesiculation at later time points. These defects were not found in rods expressing @entity50513 , which completely degenerated within 36 hours after drug administration. Conclusions: Our results indicate that ultrastructural defects in outer and inner segment membranes of bP23H expressing rods differ from those observed in drug-induced apoptosis. We suggest that light-induced @entity2000 caused by @entity41812 @entity10627 occurs via cell death with autophagy, which may represent an attempt to eliminate the mutant @entity10627 and/or damaged cellular compartments from the secretory pathway.

title: Light Induces Ultrastructural Changes in Rod Outer and Inner Segments, Including Autophagy, in a Transgenic @entity1238 XXXX @entity10627 Model of @entity6391 .

answer: @entity41812 :: (p|SUB|P|23|H,ProteinMutation) :: ['P23H']


abstract: Purpose: We previously reported a transgenic @entity1238 model of @entity6391 in which tadpoles express the @entity291 form of @entity41812 @entity10627 (b @entity41812 ) in rod photoreceptors. In this model, @entity2000 was dependent on light exposure. Here, we investigated ultrastructural changes that occurred in the rod photoreceptors of these retinas when exposed to light. Methods: Tadpoles expressing bP23H in rods were transferred from constant darkness to a 12-hour light:12-hour dark (12L:12D) regimen. For comparison, transgenic tadpoles expressing an inducible form of @entity50513 ( @entity50513 ) were reared in a 12L:12D regimen, and @entity2000 was induced by administration of the drug @entity16130 . Tadpoles were euthanized at various time points, and eyes were processed for confocal light and transmission electron microscopy. Results: We observed defects in outer and inner segments of rods expressing bP23H that were aggravated by light exposure. Rod outer segments exhibited vesiculations throughout and were rapidly phagocytosed by the retinal pigment epithelium. In rod inner segments, we observed autophagic compartments adjacent to the endoplasmic reticulum and extensive vesiculation at later time points. These defects were not found in rods expressing @entity50513 , which completely degenerated within 36 hours after drug administration. Conclusions: Our results indicate that ultrastructural defects in outer and inner segment membranes of bP23H expressing rods differ from those observed in drug-induced apoptosis. We suggest that light-induced @entity2000 caused by @entity41812 @entity10627 occurs via cell death with autophagy, which may represent an attempt to eliminate the mutant @entity10627 and/or damaged cellular compartments from the secretory pathway.

title: Light Induces Ultrastructural Changes in Rod Outer and Inner Segments, Including Autophagy, in a Transgenic @entity1238 @entity41812 @entity10627 Model of XXXX .

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['Retinitis Pigmentosa']


abstract: Purpose: Thrombomodulin (TM) is a multidomain, transmembrane protein with anti-inflammatory properties. Thrombomodulin domain (D) 1 is lectin-like, interacting with Lewis Y antigen on lipopolysaccharide, and with HMGB1, while TMD23 is associated with angiogenic and anti-inflammatory functions. Thus, we tested if TM is protective against @entity796 @entity1036 and whether it enhanced corneal vascularity. Methods: Eyes of C57BL/6 (B6) @entity19 were injected with recombinant TM (rTM), rTMD1, or PBS subconjunctivally before and intraperitoneally after infection with @entity796 . Clinical scores, photography with a slit lamp, RT-PCR, ELISA, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay, viable bacterial plate counts, and India ink perfusion were used to assess the disease response and corneal vascularity (rTM only). Results: Recombinant TM versus PBS treatment reduced clinical scores and corneal opacity. Corneal mRNA levels for HMGB1 were unchanged, but proinflammatory molecules IL-1b, CXCL2, NF-kB, TLR4, and RAGE were decreased; anti-inflammatory molecules SIGIRR and ST2 were increased. ELISA confirmed the mRNA data for HMGB1, IL-1b, and CXCL2 proteins. Both neutrophil influx and viable bacterial plate counts also were decreased after rTM treatment. Protein levels for angiogenic molecules VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 were measured at 5 days post infection and were not different or reduced significantly after rTM treatment. Further, perfusion with India ink revealed similar vessel ingrowth between the two groups. Similar studies were performed with rTMD1, but disease severity, mRNA, proteins, MPO, and plate counts were not changed from controls. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that rTM treatment is protective against @entity1036 , does not reduce HMGB1, and is not angiogenic.

title: Thrombomodulin Protects Against XXXX , Is Anti-Inflammatory, but Not Angiogenic.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial keratitis', 'keratitis']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['Bacterial Keratitis']


abstract: Purpose: We evaluated the @entity726 detection ability of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and compared it to peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters in myopic @entity726 ( @entity726 ). Methods: We analyzed 353 eyes, including 67 nonmyopic preperimetric @entity735 , 182 @entity735 , and 104 myopic preperimetric @entity735 . Myopic @entity726 detection abilities of the respective parameters were assessed by calculating the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves. The @entity735 were divided into two groups (a nonhighly myopic and a highly myopic group). The diagnostic performance was analyzed for each group independently, and differences between the two groups also were evaluated. Results: The best parameter for discrimination of myopic @entity726 from @entity735 was inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness. The AUROCs of this parameter were 0.752, 0.747, and 0.737 in the total myopic, nonhighly myopic, and highly myopic groups, respectively. These were significantly larger than the AUROCs of the other parameters, including average RNFL thickness, average GCIPL thickness, rim area, inferior RNFL thickness, and minimum GCIPL thickness (P = 0.021, 0.012, 0.016, 0.036, and 0.013, respectively). The inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness showed no significant difference between nonhighly myopic and highly myopic groups. Conclusions: The inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness was the best @entity726 -detection parameter for @entity735 . Inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness evaluation can be considered to be a useful means of diagnosing @entity726 in @entity735 .

title: XXXX Detection Ability of Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Myopic @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eyes', 'myopic healthy eyes', 'glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['preperimetric glaucoma', 'glaucoma', 'PPG']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: Purpose: We evaluated the @entity726 detection ability of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and compared it to peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters in myopic @entity726 ( @entity726 ). Methods: We analyzed 353 eyes, including 67 nonmyopic preperimetric @entity735 , 182 @entity735 , and 104 myopic preperimetric @entity735 . Myopic @entity726 detection abilities of the respective parameters were assessed by calculating the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves. The @entity735 were divided into two groups (a nonhighly myopic and a highly myopic group). The diagnostic performance was analyzed for each group independently, and differences between the two groups also were evaluated. Results: The best parameter for discrimination of myopic @entity726 from @entity735 was inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness. The AUROCs of this parameter were 0.752, 0.747, and 0.737 in the total myopic, nonhighly myopic, and highly myopic groups, respectively. These were significantly larger than the AUROCs of the other parameters, including average RNFL thickness, average GCIPL thickness, rim area, inferior RNFL thickness, and minimum GCIPL thickness (P = 0.021, 0.012, 0.016, 0.036, and 0.013, respectively). The inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness showed no significant difference between nonhighly myopic and highly myopic groups. Conclusions: The inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness was the best @entity726 -detection parameter for @entity735 . Inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness evaluation can be considered to be a useful means of diagnosing @entity726 in @entity735 .

title: @entity726 Detection Ability of Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Myopic XXXX .

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Preperimetric Glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several case-control studies have been performed to examine the association of genetic variants in @entity12553 oxidase ( @entity16911 ) with @entity9042 . However, the results remained inconclusive and great heterogeneity might exist across populations. METHOD: A comprehensive literature search for studies that published up to June 25, 2015 was performed. Summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were estimated with fixed effects model when I2<50% in the test for heterogeneity or random effects model when I2>50%. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test. RESULTS: A total of four studies including 1,467 @entity9042 cases and 4,490 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. SNPs @entity71554 and @entity71555 showed significant association with @entity9042 , with ORs of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63-0.80, P = 1.43E-08) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.61-0.97, P = 0.026), respectively. In contrast, our study lacked sufficient evidences to support the association of @entity71556 / @entity71557 with @entity9042 across populations. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggested that two @entity16911 variants, @entity71554 and @entity71555 , may affect individual susceptibility to @entity9042 , while distinct heterogeneity existed within this locus. Larger-scale and multi-ethnic genetic studies on @entity9042 are required to further validate the results.

title: Association of Common Variants in XXXX with Keratoconus: A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

answer: @entity16911 :: (4015,Gene) :: ['LOX']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate which factors influence the immediate and long-term outcome of elective electrical cardioversion for persistent (>48h) @entity955 or @entity5069 . METHODS: In 255 @entity1 , 435 electrical cardioversions were performed. Relevant clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic factors were registered at each cardioversion. Each factor was tested separately in relation to immediate success and the outcome at six months and one year after cardioversion. RESULTS: In 70% of the @entity1 , sinus rhythm was restored immediately after electrical cardioversion. After six months only 20% of the @entity1 were still in sinus rhythm, and one year after cardioversion this figure had dropped to 14%. Sotalol used during electrical cardioversion resulted in the highest immediate success. Furthermore, @entity956 , two or fewer electrical shocks and shocks  <=200 Joules resulted in the highest immediate success rate, whilst hypertensive @entity299 resulted in the lowest immediate success rate. However, only shocks  <=200 Joules and a first cardioversion promoted the persistence of sinus rhythm after six months. A normal electrocardiogram, two or more cardioversions in the past and the use of a beta-blocking drug other than @entity2778 during cardioversion increased the chance of recurrence within six months. The duration of the @entity943 >one month to <one year before the cardioversion and a first cardioversion resulted in the least recurrences one year after cardioversion. A QTc <450 msec, shocks >200 Joules and more than two cardioversions in the past were associated with a high number of recurrences one year later. With multivariate analysis we found that @entity956 , low energy levels, low number of shocks and a long QTc-interval influence the immediate success positively. However, no factor influenced the persistence of sinus rhythm at six months and one year. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with persistent @entity955 or @entity5069 , only about 15% are in sinus rhythm one year after attempted cardioversion. @entity955 rather than @entity5069 , high energy shocks and previous cardioversions negatively influenced the immediate success of cardioversion. However, none of the clinical, electrocardiographic or echocardiographic baseline factors studied could be identified as playing a role in the prediction of long-term sinus rhythm.

title: Factors influencing immediate and long-term outcome of electrical cardioversion of persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation and flutter']


abstract: CONTEXT: Obesity in midlife is a risk factor for @entity303 , but it is unknown if caloric restriction-induced @entity353 could prevent @entity73 and therefore @entity303 in elderly @entity1 with @entity73 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cognitive effect of intentional @entity353 in @entity28 elderly @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ), considering the influence of age, @entity2204 genotype ( @entity2204 ), physical activity, biochemical markers and diet. DESIGN: Single-center, prospective controlled trial. SETTING: Academic medical center @entity1 : Eighty @entity28 @entity1 with @entity73 , aged 60 or older (68.1  4.9 years, body mass index (BMI) 35.5  4.4kg/m(2), 83.7% @entity1 , 26.3% @entity2204 carriers). INTERVENTION: Random allocation to conventional medical care alone (n=40) or together with nutritional counselling (n=40) in group meetings aiming to promote @entity353 through caloric restriction for 12 months. OUTCOME: Measurements: Clinical data, body composition, neuropsychological tests (main outcome), serum biomarkers, @entity2204 genotype, physical performance, dietary recalls. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 completed the follow-up. BMI, on average, decreased 1.7   1.8kg/m(2) (p=0.021), and most of the cognitive tests improved, without difference between the groups. In analysis with linear generalized models, the BMI decrease was associated with improvements in verbal memory, verbal fluency, executive function and global cognition, after adjustment for education, gender, physical activity and baseline tests: this association was strongest in younger seniors (for memory and fluency) and in @entity2204 carriers (for executive function). Changes in HOMA-IR, @entity1851 , leptin and intake of energy, @entity3363 and fats were associated with improvement in cognitive tests. CONCLUSIONS: Intentional @entity353 through diet was associated with cognitive improvement in @entity1 with @entity73 .

title: Cognitive effects of intentional weight XXXX individuals with @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['APOE4', 'apolipoprotein E', 'APOE']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['loss in elderly obese']


abstract: CONTEXT: Obesity in midlife is a risk factor for @entity303 , but it is unknown if caloric restriction-induced @entity353 could prevent @entity73 and therefore @entity303 in elderly @entity1 with @entity73 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cognitive effect of intentional @entity353 in @entity28 elderly @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ), considering the influence of age, @entity2204 genotype ( @entity2204 ), physical activity, biochemical markers and diet. DESIGN: Single-center, prospective controlled trial. SETTING: Academic medical center @entity1 : Eighty @entity28 @entity1 with @entity73 , aged 60 or older (68.1  4.9 years, body mass index (BMI) 35.5  4.4kg/m(2), 83.7% @entity1 , 26.3% @entity2204 carriers). INTERVENTION: Random allocation to conventional medical care alone (n=40) or together with nutritional counselling (n=40) in group meetings aiming to promote @entity353 through caloric restriction for 12 months. OUTCOME: Measurements: Clinical data, body composition, neuropsychological tests (main outcome), serum biomarkers, @entity2204 genotype, physical performance, dietary recalls. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 completed the follow-up. BMI, on average, decreased 1.7   1.8kg/m(2) (p=0.021), and most of the cognitive tests improved, without difference between the groups. In analysis with linear generalized models, the BMI decrease was associated with improvements in verbal memory, verbal fluency, executive function and global cognition, after adjustment for education, gender, physical activity and baseline tests: this association was strongest in younger seniors (for memory and fluency) and in @entity2204 carriers (for executive function). Changes in HOMA-IR, @entity1851 , leptin and intake of energy, @entity3363 and fats were associated with improvement in cognitive tests. CONCLUSIONS: Intentional @entity353 through diet was associated with cognitive improvement in @entity1 with @entity73 .

title: Cognitive effects of intentional weight @entity28 individuals with XXXX .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is a common @entity943 , associated with a substantial morbidity (thromboemboli, worsening left ventricular function). Established therapy for pharmacological refractory @entity955 is high-energy trans-thoracic electric cardioversion (TTCV), but this strategy is ineffective for 10-30% of the @entity1 . The purpose of the present study is to establish the safety and efficacy of low-energy intracardiac cardioversion (ICCV) with a relatively new balloon-guided single-catheter system with dual chamber pacing possibility for this group of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 in whom an attempt to restore sinus rhythm (SR) by TTCV under antiarrhythmic therapy failed were eligible for the study. For the ICCV-attempt, a single flow-guided atrial cardioversion catheter was used. Low-energy biphasic shocks of increasing energy (6-15 J) were delivered, if necessary in combination with intravenous @entity2643 , until SR was restored. In case of early recurrence of @entity955 , another attempt was made with immediate post-shock overdrive pacing (AOO) in order to suppress premature atrial activity. RESULTS: Initially, 14 of the 16 treated @entity1 (90%) were converted to SR successfully. In eight @entity1 additional @entity2643 i.v. was administered and in six @entity1 atrial overpacing was used after ICCV. In seven and five @entity1 , respectively, these strategies were successful. Long-term follow-up (1-3 months) showed that in nine @entity1 (56%) SR was preserved; eight of them on oral @entity2643 . No adverse events were seen during the procedure and follow-up, especially no bleedings, despite puncturing under adequate anticoagulation therapy. CONCLUSION: ICCV using a single atrial cardioversion catheter is a safe and effective method to restore SR in @entity1 in whom TTCV failed previously. Long-term follow-up of this procedure is comparable to that of other studies. Results are influenced by antiarrhythmic drug therapy, compliance and @entity1 selection.

title: Initial experience with single lead intracardial cardioversion for refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'Chronic atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for early glottic @entity5 has been reported, but the issue of anterior commissure involvement has seldom been addressed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to preliminarily report the treatment results of TORS in this disease entity. METHODS: Eight @entity1 with T1 and T2 @entity189 with anterior commissure involvement were selected to receive TORS. The clinical parameters, including rates of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), survivals, as well as organ and function preservation, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: TORS was successfully performed in all @entity1 without temporary tracheostomy. There were no major complications and no @entity1 received adjuvant RT to the larynx after surgery. With a mean follow-up of 40 months, all @entity1 survived with their larynx preserved and no local recurrence, tracheostomy, or tube feeding dependence. CONCLUSION: TORS is a feasible approach for selected @entity1 with early T classification @entity189 with anterior commissure involvement. The preliminary oncologic and functional outcomes are satisfactory.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 913-918, 2016.

title: Transoral robotic surgery for early XXXX involving anterior commissure: Preliminary reports.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['glottic carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['glottic carcinoma']