abstract: OBJECTIVE: Safety and efficacy of therapeutic agents used for @entity6950 -induced @entity882 are not established in pregnancy. METHODS: MEDLINE database was searched in November 2014 to identify all @entity1 who received therapy for HIT during pregnancy. RESULTS: A total of 12 @entity1 with the median age of 28 years (range 21-39) were diagnosed with HIT at the median gestational age of 20 weeks (range 5-34). Clinical probability (4T) score for HIT was high (50%) or intermediate (50%) and associated with @entity715 in 50%. @entity1 were initially managed with lepirudin (33%), @entity20806 (25%), danaparoid (25%) or fondaparinux (17%) and ultimately bridged to @entity2067 antagonist or maintained on lepirudin. All @entity1 had resolution of HIT. Complications included therapeutic abortion prior to valve replacement for valve @entity715 (8%), @entity3152 (18%) and @entity1468 (8%). Except for one instance of hypoplastic lung related to @entity3152 , none of the other newborns had any complications during delivery. CONCLUSION: Confirmed cases of HIT in pregnant @entity1 appear to be rare. Within the limits of retrospective analysis, the use of @entity20806 , danaparoid, fondaparinux and lepirudin may be effective in preventing the @entity715 complications of HIT in pregnancy. The effect of HIT or its therapy on @entity532 cannot be determined based on this study since many of the @entity532 are common in otherwise healthy pregnancies. Although this study did not identify any fetal teratogenicity except hypoplastic lung related to @entity3152 , small number of cases treated with various therapies precludes any definite conclusion.

title: Management and Outcome of @entity6950 -Induced XXXX in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['Thrombocytopenia']


abstract: Eph receptors and their cognate ligands ephrins are important players in axon guidance and neural patterning during development of the nervous system. Much of our knowledge about the signal transduction pathways triggered by Eph receptors has been related to the modulation of actin cytoskeleton, which is fundamental in mediating the cellular responses in growth cone navigation, cell adhesion, and cell migration. In contrast, little was known about whether long term activation of Eph receptor would regulate gene expression. Here we report a novel signaling pathway of @entity13388 , which involves activation of the @entity669 kinase @entity16404 and the transcriptional activator @entity10433 . Transfection of COS7 cells with @entity13388 , but not the kinase-dead mutant, induced @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity16404 , @entity16279 , and @entity10433 . Treatment of cultured C2C12 myotubes with @entity55890 also induced @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity10433 , which was abolished by the @entity16404 inhibitor @entity22943 . Moreover, @entity16404 was co-immunoprecipitated with @entity13388 in muscle, and both proteins were concentrated at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of adult muscle. By using microarray analysis, we have identified @entity4360 , the critical enzyme that hydrolyzed the neurotransmitter @entity934 at the NMJ, as a downstream target gene of the Jak/Stat pathway in muscle. More importantly, @entity55890 increased the expression of @entity4360 protein in C2C12 myotubes, which was abolished by @entity22943 . In contrast, @entity55890 reduced the expression of fibronectin mRNA in C2C12 myotubes independently of @entity16404 . Finally, the expression level of @entity4360 in limb muscle of @entity13388 null @entity19 was significantly reduced compared with the wild-type control. Taken together, these results have identified Jak/Stat proteins as the novel downstream targets of @entity13388 signaling. In addition, the present study provides the first demonstration of a potential function of Eph receptors and Jak/Stat proteins at the NMJ.

title: Identification of the Jak/Stat proteins as novel downstream targets of @entity13388 signaling in muscle: implications in the regulation of XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity4360 :: ('11423(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4360 :: (11423(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['acetylcholinesterase']


abstract: Eph receptors and their cognate ligands ephrins are important players in axon guidance and neural patterning during development of the nervous system. Much of our knowledge about the signal transduction pathways triggered by Eph receptors has been related to the modulation of actin cytoskeleton, which is fundamental in mediating the cellular responses in growth cone navigation, cell adhesion, and cell migration. In contrast, little was known about whether long term activation of Eph receptor would regulate gene expression. Here we report a novel signaling pathway of @entity13388 , which involves activation of the @entity669 kinase @entity16404 and the transcriptional activator @entity10433 . Transfection of COS7 cells with @entity13388 , but not the kinase-dead mutant, induced @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity16404 , @entity16279 , and @entity10433 . Treatment of cultured C2C12 myotubes with @entity55890 also induced @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity10433 , which was abolished by the @entity16404 inhibitor @entity22943 . Moreover, @entity16404 was co-immunoprecipitated with @entity13388 in muscle, and both proteins were concentrated at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of adult muscle. By using microarray analysis, we have identified @entity4360 , the critical enzyme that hydrolyzed the neurotransmitter @entity934 at the NMJ, as a downstream target gene of the Jak/Stat pathway in muscle. More importantly, @entity55890 increased the expression of @entity4360 protein in C2C12 myotubes, which was abolished by @entity22943 . In contrast, @entity55890 reduced the expression of fibronectin mRNA in C2C12 myotubes independently of @entity16404 . Finally, the expression level of @entity4360 in limb muscle of @entity13388 null @entity19 was significantly reduced compared with the wild-type control. Taken together, these results have identified Jak/Stat proteins as the novel downstream targets of @entity13388 signaling. In addition, the present study provides the first demonstration of a potential function of Eph receptors and Jak/Stat proteins at the NMJ.

title: Identification of the Jak/Stat proteins as novel downstream targets of XXXX signaling in muscle: implications in the regulation of @entity4360 expression.

answer: @entity13388 :: (13838(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['EphA4']


abstract: FtsE and FtsX have homology to the ABC transporter superfamily of proteins and appear to be widely conserved among bacteria. Early work implicated FtsEX in cell division in @entity526 , but this was subsequently challenged, in part because the division defects in ftsEX mutants are often salt remedial. Strain RG60 has an ftsE::kan null mutation that is polar onto ftsX. RG60 is mildly filamentous when grown in standard Luria-Bertani medium (LB), which contains 1% @entity1219 , but upon shift to LB with no @entity1219 growth and division stop. We found that FtsN localizes to potential division sites, albeit poorly, in RG60 grown in LB with 1% @entity1219 . We also found that in wild-type @entity526 both FtsE and FtsX localize to the division site. Localization of FtsX was studied in detail and appeared to require FtsZ, FtsA, and ZipA, but not the downstream division proteins FtsK, FtsQ, FtsL, and FtsI. Consistent with this, in media lacking salt, FtsA and ZipA localized independently of FtsEX, but the downstream proteins did not. Finally, in the absence of salt, cells depleted of FtsEX stopped dividing before any change in growth rate (mass increase) was apparent. We conclude that FtsEX participates directly in the process of cell division and is important for assembly or stability of the septal ring, especially in salt-free media.

title: A predicted ABC transporter, FtsEX, is needed for cell division in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the correlations of @entity9597 gene polymorphism and serum @entity9416 levels with @entity565 predictive index (API) in @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and sixty-seven @entity1 with positive API, 187 @entity1 with negative API and 203 healthy @entity1 (control group) were enrolled. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to identify genotypes of the @entity70853 locus in @entity9597 gene. Serum @entity9416 levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the genotype frequencies of the @entity70853 locus in @entity9597 gene among the positive API, negative API and control groups. Serum @entity9416 levels in the positive API group were significantly higher than in the negative API and control groups (P<0.01). In the positive API group, the @entity1 aged less than 2 years had significantly lower serum @entity9416 levels than those aged over 2 years (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There is no correlation between the @entity70853 polymorphism in @entity9597 gene and API results. API positivity is correlated with elevated serum @entity9416 levels. An older age (>2 years) may be a risk factor for increased serum @entity9416 levels in @entity1 with positive API.

title: [Correlations of @entity9597 gene polymorphism and serum XXXX levels with @entity565 predictive index].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity70853 :: ('p|SUB|R|551|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg551Gln']

answer: @entity9416 :: (3497,Gene) :: ['IgE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the correlations of @entity9597 gene polymorphism and serum @entity9416 levels with @entity565 predictive index (API) in @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and sixty-seven @entity1 with positive API, 187 @entity1 with negative API and 203 healthy @entity1 (control group) were enrolled. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to identify genotypes of the @entity70853 locus in @entity9597 gene. Serum @entity9416 levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the genotype frequencies of the @entity70853 locus in @entity9597 gene among the positive API, negative API and control groups. Serum @entity9416 levels in the positive API group were significantly higher than in the negative API and control groups (P<0.01). In the positive API group, the @entity1 aged less than 2 years had significantly lower serum @entity9416 levels than those aged over 2 years (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There is no correlation between the @entity70853 polymorphism in @entity9597 gene and API results. API positivity is correlated with elevated serum @entity9416 levels. An older age (>2 years) may be a risk factor for increased serum @entity9416 levels in @entity1 with positive API.

title: [Correlations of XXXX gene polymorphism and serum @entity9416 levels with @entity565 predictive index].

answer: @entity9597 :: (3566,Gene) :: ['IL-4R']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the correlations of @entity9597 gene polymorphism and serum @entity9416 levels with @entity565 predictive index (API) in @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and sixty-seven @entity1 with positive API, 187 @entity1 with negative API and 203 healthy @entity1 (control group) were enrolled. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to identify genotypes of the @entity70853 locus in @entity9597 gene. Serum @entity9416 levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the genotype frequencies of the @entity70853 locus in @entity9597 gene among the positive API, negative API and control groups. Serum @entity9416 levels in the positive API group were significantly higher than in the negative API and control groups (P<0.01). In the positive API group, the @entity1 aged less than 2 years had significantly lower serum @entity9416 levels than those aged over 2 years (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There is no correlation between the @entity70853 polymorphism in @entity9597 gene and API results. API positivity is correlated with elevated serum @entity9416 levels. An older age (>2 years) may be a risk factor for increased serum @entity9416 levels in @entity1 with positive API.

title: [Correlations of @entity9597 gene polymorphism and serum @entity9416 levels with XXXX predictive index].

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of once per week (OPW) delivery of a family-based childhood @entity28 programme was compared with twice per week (TPW) delivery in achieving health and behavioural outcomes at a population level and in improving programme attendance. Both programmes were delivered over 10-weeks, and the contact hours in the OPW and TPW programmes were 20 and 35-h, respectively. METHODS: A cluster-randomised controlled trial with stratification by local health district was conducted. Height, weight and global self esteem of @entity1 and parent-reported diet and physical activity were measured at programme commencement and completion and at 6-month follow-up. Attendance was defined as the proportion of total sessions attended. RESULTS: There were no differences between the OPW and TPW arms in changes from pre-programme baseline for body mass index (BMI) z-score and other health and behaviourial measures at programme completion and at follow-up, except for the increase in physical activity outside of the programme at programme completion (OPW, 3.5   h/week; TPW, 1.9   h/week; p   =   0.03). OPW and TPW @entity1 attended 71.2% and 69.2% of the total sessions, respectively. Attendance was the only contributing factor to a positive BMI z-score outcome (b   = -2.45, p   <   0.01) with no effects of @entity1 age and gender, language spoken at home or highest qualification of mother. CONCLUSIONS: A family-based childhood @entity28 programme can be delivered OPW with no compromise to health or behavioural outcomes compared with TPW. Higher attendance, as a proportion of available sessions, leads to better outcomes for @entity1 .

title: Effectiveness of a once per week delivery of a family-based childhood XXXX intervention: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: AIM: The use of @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in experimental surgery is an extended method to evaluate cardiac graft viability. To study endothelial injury after @entity63 -reperfusion, the technique described by Matsui et al. in 1988 for @entity299 was chosen. A modification, which consists of replacing the atrium-to-atrium @entity254 for the tip of a 30-Fr venous cannula, was developed with the purpose of using this technique in small @entity1707 . Both techniques were compared. METHODS: Twenty-seven consecutive HHTs in 17- to 20-kg @entity1707 using Matsui's original technique and the modified technique were performed. @entity63 time, @entity548 volume, mean gradient and @entity254 complications were measured to compare both techniques. RESULTS: Statistically significant decreases in @entity63 time, @entity548 volume and mean gradient with the modified technique were found. Furthermore, there were two cases of suture dehiscence with the original technique. CONCLUSIONS: The replacement of the atrium-to-atrium @entity254 for the venous cannula is a modification that statistically decreases the @entity63 time, @entity190 and avoids suture complications. This modification makes Matsui's technique easier, faster and safer in small @entity1707 and it may be used in bigger animals and in any kind of non-permanent @entity254 .

title: Experimental XXXX : an easier technique.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic heart transplantation', 'HHT']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heterotopic heart transplantation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and management of intractable deep-seated @entity1415 . METHODS: Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively in 195 @entity1 with intractable deep-seated @entity1415 treated in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao College between June 2008 and June 2014. The analyses included common risk factors, @entity548 sites, treatments and therapeutic effects. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were 162 males and 33 females, aged from 15 to 88 years old (mean 52    16 years). One hundred and eighty-seven cases (95.9%) were unilateral and 8 cases (4.1%) were bilateral. One hundred and twenty-six cases (64.6%) had the history of @entity101 or blood pressure higher than normal on admission. Eight @entity1 were cured by nasal packing and appropriate drugs, and 187 @entity1 were treated by endoscopy and electrocoagulation. The numbers of treatment needed to stop @entity548 were 1 time in 184 cases (98.4%), 2 times in 3 cases (1.6%). Thirteen cases did not have certain @entity548 point, while the other 174 had certain one or more @entity548 sites. The rewarded @entity548 sites were 222, which were found in the following different sites: posterior inferior nasal meatus (33.3%, 74 /222), olfactory cleft of nasal septum (26.6%, 59/222), the root of the middle turbinate (14.0%, 31/222), and so on. @entity101 and @entity6 were risk factors (OR value was 3.411, 7.142, both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intractable deep-seated @entity1415 are mainly found in males and are almost unilatera1. @entity101 and @entity6 are the common risk factor. The most effective and safe treatment for intractable deep-seated @entity1415 is electrocoagulation under nasal endoscopy.

title: [Clinical analyses of @entity1 with intractable XXXX originated from deep-seated nasal cavity].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

answer: @entity1415 :: (MESH:D004844,Disease) :: ['epistaxis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and management of intractable deep-seated @entity1415 . METHODS: Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively in 195 @entity1 with intractable deep-seated @entity1415 treated in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao College between June 2008 and June 2014. The analyses included common risk factors, @entity548 sites, treatments and therapeutic effects. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were 162 males and 33 females, aged from 15 to 88 years old (mean 52    16 years). One hundred and eighty-seven cases (95.9%) were unilateral and 8 cases (4.1%) were bilateral. One hundred and twenty-six cases (64.6%) had the history of @entity101 or blood pressure higher than normal on admission. Eight @entity1 were cured by nasal packing and appropriate drugs, and 187 @entity1 were treated by endoscopy and electrocoagulation. The numbers of treatment needed to stop @entity548 were 1 time in 184 cases (98.4%), 2 times in 3 cases (1.6%). Thirteen cases did not have certain @entity548 point, while the other 174 had certain one or more @entity548 sites. The rewarded @entity548 sites were 222, which were found in the following different sites: posterior inferior nasal meatus (33.3%, 74 /222), olfactory cleft of nasal septum (26.6%, 59/222), the root of the middle turbinate (14.0%, 31/222), and so on. @entity101 and @entity6 were risk factors (OR value was 3.411, 7.142, both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intractable deep-seated @entity1415 are mainly found in males and are almost unilatera1. @entity101 and @entity6 are the common risk factor. The most effective and safe treatment for intractable deep-seated @entity1415 is electrocoagulation under nasal endoscopy.

title: [Clinical analyses of XXXX with intractable @entity1415 originated from deep-seated nasal cavity].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this study is to determine if breast conservative treatment is justified for @entity1 with a positive family history of @entity0 and to investigate whether they have a worse prognosis. We performed a prospective cohort study of @entity0 @entity1 , treated with breast conservative treatment with radiotherapy at the Radiotherapy Department of the Medisch Spectrum Twente. Between 1984 and 1996, 1204 @entity1 with T1 and T2 < or =3 cm were treated. @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) was recorded according to first degree relative (FDR). Treatment consisted of lumpectomy with axillary dissection followed by radiotherapy to the whole breast with a boost to the primary area. Adjuvant systemic therapy was given to @entity1 with positive nodes. A positive @entity4310 was noted in 243 (20.5%) @entity1 , of whom 208 (17.6%) had one FDR, and 35 (3.0%) > or =2 FDRs. The local recurrence rate was 4.1%, with similar rates for all groups. In young @entity1 , < or =40 years, a significant relation between local recurrence and @entity4310 was found. The distant metastasis rate was 15.5%, with the lowest rate (5.7%) among @entity1 with > or =2 FDRs. @entity1 with a positive @entity4310 had significantly more @entity5 . The 5-year corrected survival was 91.3%. Among @entity1 with a positive @entity4310 , a 5-year corrected survival of 91% was observed and the survival 100% among @entity1 with one and > or =2 FDR. @entity4310 is not a contraindication for breast conservative treatment and is not associated with a worse prognosis. @entity4310 is not a prognostic factor for local recurrence rate in @entity1 older than 40 years.

title: @entity4310 in XXXX is not a prognostic factor?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral tumours']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'Family history']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study is to determine if breast conservative treatment is justified for @entity1 with a positive family history of @entity0 and to investigate whether they have a worse prognosis. We performed a prospective cohort study of @entity0 @entity1 , treated with breast conservative treatment with radiotherapy at the Radiotherapy Department of the Medisch Spectrum Twente. Between 1984 and 1996, 1204 @entity1 with T1 and T2 < or =3 cm were treated. @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) was recorded according to first degree relative (FDR). Treatment consisted of lumpectomy with axillary dissection followed by radiotherapy to the whole breast with a boost to the primary area. Adjuvant systemic therapy was given to @entity1 with positive nodes. A positive @entity4310 was noted in 243 (20.5%) @entity1 , of whom 208 (17.6%) had one FDR, and 35 (3.0%) > or =2 FDRs. The local recurrence rate was 4.1%, with similar rates for all groups. In young @entity1 , < or =40 years, a significant relation between local recurrence and @entity4310 was found. The distant metastasis rate was 15.5%, with the lowest rate (5.7%) among @entity1 with > or =2 FDRs. @entity1 with a positive @entity4310 had significantly more @entity5 . The 5-year corrected survival was 91.3%. Among @entity1 with a positive @entity4310 , a 5-year corrected survival of 91% was observed and the survival 100% among @entity1 with one and > or =2 FDR. @entity4310 is not a contraindication for breast conservative treatment and is not associated with a worse prognosis. @entity4310 is not a prognostic factor for local recurrence rate in @entity1 older than 40 years.

title: XXXX in @entity0 is not a prognostic factor?

answer: @entity4310 :: (MESH:D009386,Disease) :: ['Family history']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to analyze the efficacy of standardized house dust mite allergen vaccine to @entity2023 by subcutaneous injection and investigate the possible mechanism of @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ). METHODS: From January 2011 to December 2011 a prospective study was performed in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, involving 90 @entity1 with perennial @entity1984 , of whom 60 @entity1 received Der p - @entity6542 + pharmacotherapy after their approval and 30 received only pharmacotherapy. All @entity1 were @entity56 to house dust mites. Symptom and medication scores were recorded three times: before the treatment, at the middle of treatment and at the end of treatment. Over a period of 1 yr. prior to and at the end of treatment, @entity404 (+) CD25(+) @entity403 (+) Treg cells and Th17 cells were measured by flow cytometry. SPSS 21.0 software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The symptom scores using VAS and medication scores in @entity1984 @entity1 treated with @entity6542 and medication were reduced, the differences were significant (14.25    6.40, 1.00    0.84 vs. 32.18    7.78, 3.12    1.54, t value was 19.65, 10.71, both P < 0.05). The symptom of VAS score in medication group was reduced after treatment (30.30    5.97 vs. 20.30    5.79, t = 10.09, P < 0.05), but the medication score had not significant difference (P > 0.05). The frequency of Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were decreased in @entity1 treated with @entity6542 , whereas the frequency of Treg cells were increased (  (2) value was 2.81, 2.80, both P < 0.05), but not in medication group. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity6542 and pharmacotherapy can improve symptoms of @entity2023 , but @entity6542 can also reduce medication use. The effect of immunotherapy is better than drug treatment alone. The frequency of blood Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were decreased in @entity1 treated with @entity6542 , whereas the frequency of Treg cells were increased.

title: [Research on the efficacy and mechanism of standardized house dust mite allergen vaccine to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific immunotherapy', 'SIT']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: The founder stock of a captive breeding program is prone to changes in genetic structure due to inbreeding and genetic drift. Genetic characterization of the founder population using suitable molecular markers may help monitor periodic changes in the genetic structure in future. To develop benchmark information about the genetic structure we analyzed six microsatellite loci in the Brodbank collections of @entity32342 ( @entity32342 ) originated from three major rivers-the Jamuna, the @entity16666 and the Halda. A total of 28 alleles were detected in 90 individuals with an average of 4.6 alleles per locus. The average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.655 to 0.705 and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.702 to 0.725. The mean F IS values were 0.103, 0.106 and 0.018 for the Jamuna, @entity16666 and Halda fishes respectively. The population pair-wise F ST values ranged from 0.0057 to 0.0278. Structure analysis grouped the fishes of the three rivers into two clusters. The numbers of half-sib families were 5, 5 and 4 and the numbers of full-sib families were 12, 10 and 18 for the Halda, Jamuna and the @entity16666 samples respectively. Bottleneck was detected in all the river samples. We recommend to collect more fish from different locations of the major rivers to broaden the genetic variability of the founder stocks of the Brood bank.

title: Population genetic characterization and family reconstruction in brood bank collections of the Indian major carp XXXX (Cyprinidae:Cypriniformes).

answer: @entity32342 :: (84645,Species) :: ['Labeo rohita']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study middle period curative effect of posterior lumbar intervertebral fusion (PLIF) and interspinous dynamic fixation (Wallis) in the treatment of @entity179 and its influence on adjacent segment degeneration. @entity1 AND METHODS: 66 @entity1 with lumbar L45 degenerative diseases were selected for study. The @entity1 were randomly divided into PLIF operation group and Wallis operation group with 33 cases in each group. The @entity1 were analyzed for T1   value, functional score and UCLA classification of L3/4 and L5/S1 segment in different periods of two groups of @entity1 . RESULTS: The level of T1   for L3/4 and L5/S1 segment in two groups between preoperative period and last follow-up showed a decreasing trend, while level of T1   value of L3/4 segment in PLIF operation group was significantly lower than Wallis group. Within group comparison, the level of T1   for L3/4 segment in PLIF operation group until the last follow-up was significantly lower than that before operation. While comparing two groups, ODI scores after operation for PLIF group and Wallis group was significantly lower than those before operation and JOA score was significantly higher than that before operation. The UCLA grade of L3/4 and L5/S1 segment of the two groups was significantly improved compared with that at the time of the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Both PLIF and Wallis methods are effective for the treatment of @entity179 . Wallis operation has slight advantage in slowing down the speed of @entity1797 in the upper adjacent segment of the @entity1 .

title: Middle-period curative effect of posterior lumbar intervertebral fusion (PLIF) and interspinous dynamic fixation (Wallis) for treatment of XXXX and its influence on adjacent segment degeneration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['L45 degenerative disease', 'lumbar degenerative disease of L45']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['L45 degenerative disease']


abstract: Alternaria brassicicola is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes black spot disease on cruciferous plants including economically important Brassica species. The purpose of this study was to identify fungal genes expressed during @entity281 of @entity958 . In order to identify candidate genes involved in pathogenicity, we employed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) between RNA isolated from A. brassicicola spores incubated in water and on the leaf surface of the @entity958 ecotype Landsberg. Two populations of cDNA were created from total RNA extracted after 24h when approximately 80% of the spores had germinated either on the leaf surface or in water. Following SSH, expression of clones was examined using dot-blot macro-arrays and virtual Northern blots. 47 cDNA clones differentially expressed between Alternaria infected @entity958 leaves and spore germination in water were selected for sequencing. Seventy-seven percent (36) of the cDNAs had significant homology to fungal sequences from databases examined, including available fungal genomes, while 13% (11) had no homology to sequences in the databases. All 36 genes had significant matches with genes of fungal origin, while 11 genes did not have significant hits in the databases examined. Five sequences were expressed on the plant leaf surface but not during spore germination in water according to virtual Northern blots. These five cDNAs were predicted to encode a @entity3789 hydratase, @entity3494 ATPase, @entity5189 dehydrogenase, major Alternaria allergen, and one unknown. RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of these five genes during @entity281 of Brassica oleraceae var. capitata (cabbage), in vitro growth in nutrient rich media, and @entity281 of @entity958 . Four of these genes are expressed in the nutrient rich medium, while the unknown gene P3F2 was only expressed during @entity281 . The results of this study provide the first insight into genes expressed during A. brassicicola @entity281 of Brassica species that may be involved in fungal pathogenesis.

title: Identification of Alternaria brassicicola genes expressed in planta during pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'plant infection']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Societal perceptions may factor into the high rates of nontreatment in @entity1 with @entity2 . To determine whether bias exists toward @entity2 , a study using the Implicit Association Test method of inferring subconscious attitudes and stereotypes from @entity1 reaction times to visual cues was initiated. @entity1 were primarily recruited from an online survey panel based on US census data. Explicit attitudes regarding lung and @entity0 were derived from @entity1 ' ratings (n = 1778) regarding what they thought @entity1 experienced in terms of guilt, shame, and hope (descriptive statements) and from @entity1 ' opinions regarding whether @entity1 ought to experience such feelings (normative statements). @entity1 ' responses to descriptive and normative statements about @entity2 were compared with responses to statements about @entity0 . Analyses of responses revealed that the @entity1 were more likely to agree with negative descriptive and normative statements about @entity2 than @entity0 (P<0.001). Furthermore, @entity1 had significantly stronger implicit negative associations with @entity2 compared with @entity0 ; mean response times in the @entity2 /negative conditions were significantly shorter than in the @entity2 /positive conditions (P<0.001). @entity1 , caregivers, healthcare providers, and members of the general public had comparable levels of negative implicit attitudes toward @entity2 . These results show that @entity2 was stigmatized by @entity1 , caregivers, healthcare professionals, and the general public. Further research is needed to investigate whether implicit and explicit attitudes and stereotypes affect @entity1 care.

title: Attitudes and Stereotypes in Lung Cancer versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity884 due to @entity5125 is a rare but serious disease often leading to @entity340 and @entity712 . Two cases of listerial prosthetic @entity340 are reviewed along with 66 cases previously reported. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 with @entity884 increased from 47.1 years in the decades from 1955-1984 to 65.5 years from 1985-2000. @entity102 , solid @entity5 and immunosuppression associated with organ transplantation, @entity1503 or @entity791 were found in 41.1% of cases. @entity884 was a vegetative and destructive process, with dehiscense of the prosthesis and occasionally, @entity733 formation, fistulization and @entity2396 . Treatment with @entity114 or @entity869 alone or combined with @entity801 was adequate therapy in most cases. @entity2176 together with @entity801 may be a reasonable alternative therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite problems associated with microbial persistence and relapses in other forms of human listeriosis, antimicrobial therapy alone may be a successful treatment for @entity884 , including cases occurring on prosthetic valves. Valve replacement may be reserved for complicated cases with valve dehiscense, @entity712 or @entity296 . Overall mortality was 35.3%, although most @entity1 who died did so before 1985 and since then mortality has been significantly reduced to 12%.

title: XXXX due to @entity5125 . Report of two cases and reviews.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial abscess']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic debilitating diseases']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve dysfunction', 'valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['listerial endocarditis', 'Listerial endocarditis', 'Endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['Prosthetic valve endocarditis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity884 due to @entity5125 is a rare but serious disease often leading to @entity340 and @entity712 . Two cases of listerial prosthetic @entity340 are reviewed along with 66 cases previously reported. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 with @entity884 increased from 47.1 years in the decades from 1955-1984 to 65.5 years from 1985-2000. @entity102 , solid @entity5 and immunosuppression associated with organ transplantation, @entity1503 or @entity791 were found in 41.1% of cases. @entity884 was a vegetative and destructive process, with dehiscense of the prosthesis and occasionally, @entity733 formation, fistulization and @entity2396 . Treatment with @entity114 or @entity869 alone or combined with @entity801 was adequate therapy in most cases. @entity2176 together with @entity801 may be a reasonable alternative therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite problems associated with microbial persistence and relapses in other forms of human listeriosis, antimicrobial therapy alone may be a successful treatment for @entity884 , including cases occurring on prosthetic valves. Valve replacement may be reserved for complicated cases with valve dehiscense, @entity712 or @entity296 . Overall mortality was 35.3%, although most @entity1 who died did so before 1985 and since then mortality has been significantly reduced to 12%.

title: @entity340 due to XXXX . Report of two cases and reviews.

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1776 of the cervical esophagus is a rare and @entity5 . We present a case of constricting granular cell @entity5 of the cervical esophagus and discuss esophageal reconstruction. CASE REPORT: Constricting granular cell @entity5 of the cervical esophagus was diagnosed in a @entity1 who experienced aphagia for two years. Endoscopy demonstrated complete stricture of the cervical esophagus and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a @entity5 formation in the cervical esophagus. Total esophagectomy with preservation of the larynx was performed. DISCUSSION: Surgical treatment raises the problem of esophageal reconstruction (gastric pull up, free flap reconstruction). We used the gastric pull up technique and fashioned a @entity50 . There was no postoperative complication and functional outcome was excellent. CONCLUSION: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide essential data on the spread and location of granular cell @entity5 . Surgery provides excellent functional results.

title: [ XXXX of the cervical esophagus: a case report].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['piriform sinus anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1776 :: ('MESH:D016586', 'Disease') :: ['Granular cell tumor']

answer: @entity1776 :: (MESH:D016586,Disease) :: ['Granular cell tumor']


abstract: There has been enormous growth in world population over the last several decades. 90 million @entity1 are currently added to the world's population every year. That amounts to 250,000 @entity1 per day, or 10,000 per hour. However, the Earth is a finite body with finite resources. For the first time, the @entity1 population is beginning to push against some of the Earth's limits at the global level. The author cites the example of the stagnation in growth of the world fish catch. The world fish catch grew from 22 million tons in 1950 to 100,000 million tons by 1990. In 1950, the average @entity1 consumed 9 kg of seafood; by 1990, average per capita consumption had increased to 19 kg. Japan alone in 1994 consumed almost 10 million tons of seafood. Most marine biologists believe that oceanic fisheries cannot sustain a catch of more than 100 million tons of seafood per year. Indeed, 6 years have passed since we hit that limit and the catch has not increased. The per capita seafood catch has therefore declined by 7% and will continue to decline until world population size is stabilized. Already expensive, seafood will grow increasingly more costly as demand rises. Available water supplies and cropland are also declining. It has even been determined that there are limits to the amount of fertilizer crops can use. The author considers the rising consumerism in China as it becomes increasingly industrialized and urges Japan to continue to expand its financial support of international family planning programs, especially in the context of US budget cuts to family planning expenditures. For most countries in the world, the main threat to security will not be @entity146 , but food scarcity.

title: A fundamental shift. For most countries in the world, the principal threat to security will not be XXXX , but food scarcity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people', 'person']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['military aggression']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['military aggression']


abstract: The effects of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in 125I brachytherapy dose enhancement on @entity320 are examined using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. Usually, Monte Carlo ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry is performed in a water phantom. However, here, the compositions of @entity1 eye have been considered instead of water. Both @entity1 eye and water phantoms have been simulated with MCNP5 code. These simulations were performed for a fully loaded 16 mm COMS eye plaque containing 13 125I seeds. The dose delivered to the @entity5 and normal tissues have been calculated in both phantoms with and without GNPs. Normally, the radiation therapy of @entity5 @entity1 is designed to deliver a required dose to the @entity5 while sparing the surrounding normal tissues. However, as the normal and cancerous cells absorbed dose in an almost identical fashion, the normal tissue absorbed radiation dose during the treatment time. The use of GNPs in combination with radiotherapy in the treatment of @entity5 decreases the absorbed dose by normal tissues. The results indicate that the dose to the @entity5 in an eyeball implanted with COMS plaque increases with increasing GNPs concentration inside the target. Therefore, the required irradiation time for the @entity5 in the eye is decreased by adding the GNPs prior to treatment. As a result, the dose to normal tissues decreases when the irradiation time is reduced. Furthermore, a comparison between the simulated data in an eye phantom made of water and eye phantom made of @entity1 eye composition, in the presence of GNPs, shows the significance of utilizing the composition of eye in ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry Also, defining the eye composition instead of water leads to more accurate calculations of GNPs radiation effects in ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry.

title: Gold nanoparticle-based brachytherapy enhancement in XXXX using a full Monte Carlo model of the @entity1 eye.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroidal melanoma']


abstract: The effects of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in 125I brachytherapy dose enhancement on @entity320 are examined using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. Usually, Monte Carlo ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry is performed in a water phantom. However, here, the compositions of @entity1 eye have been considered instead of water. Both @entity1 eye and water phantoms have been simulated with MCNP5 code. These simulations were performed for a fully loaded 16 mm COMS eye plaque containing 13 125I seeds. The dose delivered to the @entity5 and normal tissues have been calculated in both phantoms with and without GNPs. Normally, the radiation therapy of @entity5 @entity1 is designed to deliver a required dose to the @entity5 while sparing the surrounding normal tissues. However, as the normal and cancerous cells absorbed dose in an almost identical fashion, the normal tissue absorbed radiation dose during the treatment time. The use of GNPs in combination with radiotherapy in the treatment of @entity5 decreases the absorbed dose by normal tissues. The results indicate that the dose to the @entity5 in an eyeball implanted with COMS plaque increases with increasing GNPs concentration inside the target. Therefore, the required irradiation time for the @entity5 in the eye is decreased by adding the GNPs prior to treatment. As a result, the dose to normal tissues decreases when the irradiation time is reduced. Furthermore, a comparison between the simulated data in an eye phantom made of water and eye phantom made of @entity1 eye composition, in the presence of GNPs, shows the significance of utilizing the composition of eye in ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry Also, defining the eye composition instead of water leads to more accurate calculations of GNPs radiation effects in ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry.

title: Gold nanoparticle-based brachytherapy enhancement in @entity320 using a full Monte Carlo model of the XXXX eye.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduction in systolic blood pressure ( @entity13519 reduction) during the treatment of acute decompensated @entity712 is strongly and independently associated with @entity177 . Our objective was to determine whether @entity13519 reduction or titration of oral neurohormonal antagonists during acute decompensated @entity712 treatment negatively influences diuresis and decongestion. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity13519 reduction was evaluated from admission to discharge in consecutive acute decompensated @entity712 admissions (n=656). Diuresis and decongestion were examined across a range of parameters, such as diuretic efficiency, fluid output, hemoconcentration, and diuretic dose. The average reduction in @entity13519 was 14.4  19.4 mm   Hg, and 77.6% of the population had discharge @entity13519 lower than admission. @entity13519 reduction was strongly associated with @entity177 (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.9; P=0.004), a finding that persisted after adjusting for parameters of diuresis and decongestion (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-3.2; P=0.002). However, @entity13519 reduction did not negatively affect diuresis or decongestion (P>= 0.25 for all parameters). Uptitration of neurohormonal antagonists occurred in >50% of admissions and was associated with a modest additional reduction in blood pressure ( <=5.6 mm   Hg). Notably, @entity177 was not increased, and diuretic efficiency was significantly improved with the uptitration of neurohormonal antagonists. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a higher rate of @entity177 , blood pressure reduction was not associated with worsening of diuresis or decongestion. Furthermore, titration of oral neurohormonal antagonists was actually associated with improved diuresis in this cohort. These results provide reassurance that the guideline-recommended titration of chronic oral medication during acute decompensated @entity712 hospitalization may not be antagonistic to the short-term goal of decongestion.

title: Influence of Titration of Neurohormonal Antagonists and Blood Pressure Reduction on Renal Function and Decongestion in Decompensated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['worsening renal function']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of the study was to assess a possible circadian variation of premature @entity11706 (PACs) in a community-based population and to determine if the daily variation could be used to assess a more vulnerable period of PACs in predicting later incidence of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 638 subjects between the ages of 55 and 75 years from the Copenhagen Holter Study who underwent up to 48 h electrocardiogram recording. Follow-up on cardiovascular endpoints was performed in 2013 with a median follow-up time of 14.4 years. According to previous studies, two subgroups were studied based on a cut-off point of >= 720 PACs/day termed frequent PACs (n = 66) and not frequent PACs with <720 PACs/day (n = 572). Based on median values, a circadian rhythm could not be demonstrated in the population as a whole and the group without frequent PACs. However, a circadian variation was observed in the group with frequent PACs, who had the fewest PACs/h during the night with a nadir at 6 am and then reaching a peak value in the afternoon at 3 pm. Runs of PACs in all subjects showed a similar circadian variation. Both PACs/h and runs of PACs seemed to follow the daily variation in heart rate. After adjusting for relevant risk factors, the risk of @entity955 was equal in all time intervals throughout the day. CONCLUSION: Premature @entity11706 showed a circadian variation in subjects with frequent PACs. No specific time interval of the day was more predictive of @entity955 than others.

title: The circadian variation of premature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial contractions']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity11706 :: (MESH:D018880,Disease) :: ['atrial contractions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities and neuropathologic findings in @entity1 with @entity3932 and medically @entity302 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features, preoperative MRI studies, and pathologic findings of all @entity1 with @entity3932 who underwent excisional surgery for intractable @entity302 at Boston @entity1 's Hospital between 1993 and  2011. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (male/female  =  4/7) with @entity3932 were identified who underwent surgery for intractable @entity302 (mean age 13    6.2  months), including hemispherectomy (n  =  10) and focal cortical resection (n  =  1). Mean age at @entity410 onset was 15    11  weeks. Fifty-five percent (n  =  6) of @entity1 exhibited two different types of @entity410 , and 18% (n  =  2) had three types of @entity410 . @entity35457 were the most common type, occurring in nine @entity1 ; @entity386 was the second most common, occurring in four @entity1 . Brain MRIs were reviewed in five @entity1 . Histopathologic examination revealed signs of varied degrees of @entity154 in seven of 11 @entity1 . Overall, there were no abnormalities in the MRIs that corresponded directly with the pathologic findings except in one @entity1 with @entity8568 . CONCLUSIONS: In spite of pathologic findings of @entity154 in varied degrees, these findings could not be readily detected on brain MRIs. The failure to detect focal @entity6795 on MRIs may be attributable to the subtle microscopic nature of the abnormalities; in some of the older individuals, the imaging studies available for review were done during an advanced stage of the disease.

title: XXXX : Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and  Neuropathology Findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['cortical anomalies', 'cortical morphologic anomaly']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity3932 :: ('MESH:D013341', 'Disease') :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8568 :: ('MESH:D065706', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrogyria']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity35457 :: ('MESH:D020938', 'Disease') :: ['Focal clonic seizures']

answer: @entity3932 :: (MESH:D013341,Disease) :: ['Sturge-Weber Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite universal healthcare in some countries, lower @entity159 ( @entity159 ) has been associated with worse @entity5 survival. The influence of @entity159 on @entity135 ( @entity135 ) survival is of immense interest, since @entity159 is associated with the risk and prognostic factors associated with this disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: Newly diagnosed @entity135 @entity1 from 2003 to 2010 (n=2124) were identified at Toronto's Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. Principal component analysis was used to calculate a composite score using neighbourhood-level @entity159 variables obtained from the 2006 Canada Census. Associations of @entity159 with overall survival were evaluated in @entity135 subsets and by @entity986 status (surrogate for @entity1082 ). RESULTS: @entity159 score was higher for oral cavity (n=423) and @entity986 -positive @entity5 ( @entity5 , n=404) @entity1 compared with other disease sites. Lower @entity159 was associated with worse survival [HR 1.14 (1.06-1.22), p=0.0002], larger @entity5 staging (p<0.001), current smoking (p<0.0001), heavier @entity285 consumption (p<0.0001), and greater comorbidity (p<0.0002), but not with treatment regimen (p>0.20). After adjusting for age, sex, and stage, the lowest @entity159 quintile was associated with the worst survival only for @entity5 @entity1 [HR 1.66 (1.09-2.53), n=832], primarily in the @entity986 -negative subset [HR 1.63 (0.96-2.79)]. The predictive ability of the prognostic models improved when smoking/ @entity285 was added to the model (c-index 0.71 vs. 0.69), but addition of @entity159 did not (c-index 0.69). CONCLUSION: @entity159 was associated with survival, but this effect was lost after accounting for other factors (age, sex, TNM stage, smoking/ @entity285 ). Lower @entity159 was associated with greater smoking, @entity285 consumption, comorbidity, and stage.

title: Socioeconomic status, XXXX , and overall survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in Toronto, Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'OPC', 'cancer', 'oropharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: This article presents the impact of @entity645 / @entity791 on the Zambian health system. The Ministry of Health is expecting an increase in hospital bed occupancy from 6% in 1990 to 43% in 2005. The increase is a result of the continued increasing number of @entity791 @entity1 hospitalized which also require longer hospital stays (15-80 days) and intensive medical care compared with other diseases. In addition, treatment of @entity58697 places a considerable strain on health service expenditures; wherein 90% are treated in hospitals or health centers. In 1999, the World Bank estimated that the cost of treating an @entity791 @entity1 from the time of diagnosis until @entity204 ranged from @entity10479 100-1100. In Zambia, the average cost ranges from @entity10479 3.31-7.25. An average daily cost of @entity10479 5 would accumulate to @entity10479 150 for a cumulative 30-day stay of an @entity791 individual. The cost could reach @entity10479 200 per @entity791 @entity1 if pharmaceuticals and other direct costs were added. @entity791 care expenditure is anticipated to increase from @entity10479 1.7 million in 1990 to @entity10479 12.9 million in 1995, and to @entity10479 21 million in 2005. The increased expenditure in @entity791 care threatens the deviation of fund allocation necessary for other important health care needs. This article underscores the burden on district health services in assuming responsibility for delivery of essential service package in terms of health care reforms.

title: The burden of @entity645 / XXXX on the Zambian health system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS-infected', 'AIDS']

entities_list: @entity58697 :: ('MESH:D017088', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS-related opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: This article presents the impact of @entity645 / @entity791 on the Zambian health system. The Ministry of Health is expecting an increase in hospital bed occupancy from 6% in 1990 to 43% in 2005. The increase is a result of the continued increasing number of @entity791 @entity1 hospitalized which also require longer hospital stays (15-80 days) and intensive medical care compared with other diseases. In addition, treatment of @entity58697 places a considerable strain on health service expenditures; wherein 90% are treated in hospitals or health centers. In 1999, the World Bank estimated that the cost of treating an @entity791 @entity1 from the time of diagnosis until @entity204 ranged from @entity10479 100-1100. In Zambia, the average cost ranges from @entity10479 3.31-7.25. An average daily cost of @entity10479 5 would accumulate to @entity10479 150 for a cumulative 30-day stay of an @entity791 individual. The cost could reach @entity10479 200 per @entity791 @entity1 if pharmaceuticals and other direct costs were added. @entity791 care expenditure is anticipated to increase from @entity10479 1.7 million in 1990 to @entity10479 12.9 million in 1995, and to @entity10479 21 million in 2005. The increased expenditure in @entity791 care threatens the deviation of fund allocation necessary for other important health care needs. This article underscores the burden on district health services in assuming responsibility for delivery of essential service package in terms of health care reforms.

title: The burden of XXXX / @entity791 on the Zambian health system.

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: @entity943 ( @entity943 ) have been associated with mortality in @entity1000 ( @entity1000 ). All 3 main mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis - reentry, trigger activity, and automatism - have been implicated. Arrhythmogenic substrates in @entity1000 favor these mechanisms and are often potentiated by electrolyte imbalance secondary to diuretic treatment, by antiarrhythmic drugs, or by @entity1168 , leading to polymorphic @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). Myocardial macroreentry is the mechanism most frequently responsible for monomorphic @entity1165 in @entity1000 ; however, focal activation and His-Purkinje macroreentry are often responsible and, especially in the latter case, are frequently unrecognized. Clinical suspicion and final recognition by electrophysiologic testing have important therapeutic consequences, because both focal activation and His-Purkinje macroreentry can be treated effectively by catheter ablation. On the other hand, the frequent recurrences of myocardial macroreentrant @entity1165 after ablation require this therapy to be used in combination with drugs or an @entity737 ( @entity737 ). beta-Adrenoceptor antagonists (beta-blockers) have a beneficial effect for primary prevention of @entity943 in @entity1000 . Type III antiarrhythmics have a neutral effect on mortality and type I antiarrhythmics should be avoided. Treatment of nonsustained @entity1165 in @entity1000 is controversial because it often presents without symptoms and is linked more to overall mortality than to arrhythmic mortality. Empiric treatment with @entity2643 or electrophysiologically guided @entity2778 are preferred to the use of other drugs for secondary prevention of sustained @entity943 . ICDs should be implanted in @entity1 who have been resuscitated from @entity1167 due to @entity943 , or in those with poorly tolerated @entity1165 and severe @entity1002 . Empiric treatment with @entity2643 or electrophysiologically guided class III antiarrhythmics may also be alternatives for @entity1 with @entity1000 and no severe @entity1002 , especially if @entity1165 is well tolerated.

title: Mechanisms underlying @entity943 in XXXX : implications for management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy', 'IDCM']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular arrhythmias', 'VA']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1000 :: (MESH:C536277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity943 ( @entity943 ) have been associated with mortality in @entity1000 ( @entity1000 ). All 3 main mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis - reentry, trigger activity, and automatism - have been implicated. Arrhythmogenic substrates in @entity1000 favor these mechanisms and are often potentiated by electrolyte imbalance secondary to diuretic treatment, by antiarrhythmic drugs, or by @entity1168 , leading to polymorphic @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). Myocardial macroreentry is the mechanism most frequently responsible for monomorphic @entity1165 in @entity1000 ; however, focal activation and His-Purkinje macroreentry are often responsible and, especially in the latter case, are frequently unrecognized. Clinical suspicion and final recognition by electrophysiologic testing have important therapeutic consequences, because both focal activation and His-Purkinje macroreentry can be treated effectively by catheter ablation. On the other hand, the frequent recurrences of myocardial macroreentrant @entity1165 after ablation require this therapy to be used in combination with drugs or an @entity737 ( @entity737 ). beta-Adrenoceptor antagonists (beta-blockers) have a beneficial effect for primary prevention of @entity943 in @entity1000 . Type III antiarrhythmics have a neutral effect on mortality and type I antiarrhythmics should be avoided. Treatment of nonsustained @entity1165 in @entity1000 is controversial because it often presents without symptoms and is linked more to overall mortality than to arrhythmic mortality. Empiric treatment with @entity2643 or electrophysiologically guided @entity2778 are preferred to the use of other drugs for secondary prevention of sustained @entity943 . ICDs should be implanted in @entity1 who have been resuscitated from @entity1167 due to @entity943 , or in those with poorly tolerated @entity1165 and severe @entity1002 . Empiric treatment with @entity2643 or electrophysiologically guided class III antiarrhythmics may also be alternatives for @entity1 with @entity1000 and no severe @entity1002 , especially if @entity1165 is well tolerated.

title: Mechanisms underlying XXXX in @entity1000 : implications for management.

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: 1. A new mutant strain (AN228) of @entity2624 , unable to couple phosphorylation to electron transport, has been isolated. The mutant allele (unc-405), in strain AN228, was found to map near the uncA and uncB genes at about minute 74 on the @entity526 genome. 2. A transductant strain (AN285) carrying the unc-405 allele is similar to the uncA and uncB mutants described previously in that it is unable to grow on @entity4588 , gives a low aerobic yield on limiting concentrations of @entity413 , has a normal rate of electron transport, is unable to couple phosphorylation to electron transport, and lacks @entity855 -dependent transhydrogenase activity. 3. Strain AN285 (unc-405) is similar to an uncA mutant, but different from an uncB mutant, in that it is unable to grow anaerobically in a @entity413 -mineral-salts medium, and membrane preparations do not have @entity1025 -stimulated @entity859 triphosphatase activity. 4. Strain AN285 (unc-405) does not form an aggregate analogous to the membrane-bound @entity1025 -stimulated @entity859 triphosphatase aggregate found in normal cells. In this respect it differs from strain AN249 (uncA(-)), which forms an inactive membrane-bound @entity1025 -stimulated @entity859 triphosphatase aggregate.

title: Oxidative phosphorylation in XXXX . An uncoupled mutant with altered membrane structure.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity2624 :: ('83333', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli K12']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2624 :: (83333,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli K12']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the radiographic clearance of proven community-acquired nontuberculous @entity2028 in nonimmunocompromised older @entity1 to provide working estimates of the rate of radiographic resolution as a function of the @entity1 cumulative comorbidities, extent of initial radiographic involvement, functional status, and causative pathogens. DESIGN: A prospective study. @entity1 : Seventy-four @entity1 aged 70 and older, consecutively admitted to a hospital for community-acquired @entity2028 . SETTING: A university-affiliated teaching hospital. MEASUREMENTS: Chest radiographs were performed every 3 weeks from the date of admission for a total period of 12 weeks or until all radiographic abnormalities had resolved or returned to baseline. RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity1 (86%) completed the study. The rate of radiographic clearance was estimated at 35.1% within 3 weeks, 60.2% within 6 weeks, and 84.2% within 12 weeks. Radiographic resolution was significantly slower for those with high comorbidity index, @entity2259 , multilobar involvement, and enteric gram-negative bacilli @entity55 . Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the comorbidity index (relative risk for clearance=0.67 per class index, P<.001) and multilobar disease (relative risk for clearance=0.24 for more than one lobe, P<.001) had independent predictive value (Cox proportional hazards regression model) on the rate of resolution. CONCLUSION: The radiographic resolution of nontuberculous @entity2028 in the elderly should take into account the extent of lobar disease and the burden of underlying illnesses. A waiting period of 12 to 14 weeks is recommended for slowly resolving @entity55 to be considered nonresolving.

title: Radiographic resolution of community-acquired XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias', 'pneumonia']

answer: @entity2028 :: (MESH:D018410,Disease) :: ['bacterial pneumonia']


abstract: The biological effects of thyroid hormone (T3) are mediated by the thyroid hormone receptor (TR). Amphibian metamorphosis is one of the most dramatic processes that are dependent on T3. T3 regulates a series of orchestrated developmental changes, which ultimately result in the conversion of an aquatic herbivorous tadpole to a terrestrial carnivorous frog. T3 is presumed to bind to TRs, which in turn recruit coactivators, leading to gene activation. The best-studied coactivators belong to the p160 or SRC family. Members of this family include @entity27570 /NCoA-1, @entity70854 / @entity70854 / @entity70855 , and @entity70856 /pCIP/ @entity70856 / @entity70856 / @entity70857 / @entity70858 . These SRCs interact directly with liganded TR and function as adapter molecules to recruit other coactivators such as @entity70859 / @entity70859 . Here, we studied the expression patterns of these coactivators during various stages of development. Amongst the coactivators cloned in @entity1238 , @entity70856 was found to be dramatically upregulated during natural and T3-induced metamorphosis, and @entity70854 and @entity70859 are expressed throughout postembryonic development with little change in their expression levels. These results support the view that these coactivators participate in gene regulation by TR during metamorphosis.

title: Distinct expression profiles of transcriptional coactivators for thyroid hormone receptors during XXXX metamorphosis.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the methods of different types of hysteroscopic surgery for @entity1478 . METHODS: A total of 109 cases by different ways by hysteroscopic surgery for endometrial @entity1127 from October 2000 to May 2002 were followed up. The mean age was 45 +/- 9 (26 - 73) years. The mean follow-up was 12 +/- 5 (3 - 22) months. The @entity1 of @entity1866 were asked for filling in pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) before and after the surgery. RESULTS: By the PBAC there was significant difference between before and after the surgery (P = 0.001). After the surgery, among 84 @entity1127 with @entity1866 , 14 cases (16.7%) were @entity2588 , 26 cases (31.0%) spotting, other 24 cases reducing the amount. Thirty-four cases that had had @entity417 recovered in one month after the surgery. In 16 cases @entity1834 , 7 cases were recovered, 7 got better, and the other 2 got worse. Of 5 cases of @entity249 (3 were primary and 2 were secondary), 4 cases got pregnancy after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1127 @entity1 who had @entity1866 without desire of fertility should undergo polypectomy with endometrial resection in order to avoid recurrence. The @entity1 who has desire of fertility should undergo polypectomy merely. If she had @entity1127 with @entity1373 she should undergo polypectomy with endometrial resection of superficial layer. The postmenopausal @entity1 should perform polypectomy merely or polypectomy with endometrial ablation.

title: [Clinical study of hysteroscopic surgery for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['polypoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual disorder']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1478 :: (MESH:D014591,Disease) :: ['endometrial polyps']


abstract: Major @entity5 therapeutic approaches are based on inhibition of the ras-signaling pathway, with special emphasis on the MAPK arm. Transformation progression from benign to malignant can be effected by the expression of Rho GTPases, also ras effectors. To ascertain whether their inhibition, could suppress progression, dominant negative (DN) GTPases were transfected into malignantly transformed epithelial cells. N17rac gave rise to cells that, though viable, were severely @entity308 in their growth rate and saturation density, due to increased apoptosis. This was in contrast to cells expressing WTrac1 or the other DN GTPases, which did not exhibit altered growth kinetics. WTrac1 and N17rac transfectants were no longer able to grow in soft agar, unlike the other DN GTPase transfectants, which retained their ability to grow in soft agar. Thus, not only progression, but transformation per se was suppressed by DNrac1. V12 @entity5180 alters the expression and localization of the actin regulating proteins @entity10274 and @entity19319 , which results in the loss of stable F-actin structures and actin-based differentiation characteristics. In the presence of N17rac1, @entity19319 was downregulated and @entity10274 and F-actin colocalization restored. Consequently, F-actin structures and their dependent adhesive interactions were reestablished. Thus, @entity5180 and its effectors may also serve as important targets for @entity5 therapeutics.

title: Suppression of epithelial cell transformation and induction of actin dependent differentiation by dominant negative XXXX , but not Ras, Rho or Cdc42.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5180 :: (5879,Gene) :: ['Rac1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prospective study designed to count the number of granulocytic cells and eosinophils in nasal polyp tissue removed during ethmoidectomy and to look for anatomical correlations. METHODS: Bilateral ethmoidectomy with a postoperative local @entity134 treatment was performed in 40 @entity1 with @entity1412 . Immunolabeling of the operative specimen using common leukocyte antigen ( @entity1195 ) and granulocytes associated antigen ( @entity5824 ) and quantification of the granulocyte infiltrate by image and manual counting of eosinophils with the mean of micro-reticule, were performed. The results were compared to those of 10 healthy subjects. An endoscopy of the postoperative cavities was performed one year after surgery to assess the local results. RESULTS: The granulocyte and eosinophil infiltrates were significantly more important in the operated @entity1 compared to the healthy population (p<10(- 4)). A "moderate" granulocytic infiltration (G -) was found in 11 @entity1 out of 40 (27.5%). Among them, 9 @entity1 showed less than 30% eosinophils (mean 16.2% +/- 2%). "Severe" granulocytic infiltrate (G +) was found in 29 @entity1 out of 40 (72.5%). Among them, 25 @entity1 showed more than 30% eosinophils (mean 48.8% +/- 2%). Most of the @entity1 with G + type infiltrate suffered from @entity66 . One year after surgery, 17 out of 29 G + @entity1 had no @entity1412 recurrence, 12 out of 29 G + @entity1 had a recurrence. However, 12 out of 15 @entity1 with recurrent @entity1412 had G + type infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS: Granulocyte and eosinophil infiltration cannot be considered as a prognostic factor for recurrence at the time of surgery. A severe granulocyte and eosinophil infiltration is a typical feature of @entity1412 , particularly in @entity1 with @entity565 and/or in the @entity117 triad.

title: [Nasal XXXX : quantification of the eosinophil and granulocyte infiltrates. Anatomo-clinical correlations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['asthma or Widal disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis', 'nasal polyposis']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['polyposis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine the characteristics of @entity346 ( @entity346 ), optimise the topography and the frequency of the stimulus, determine the origin of the @entity346 and analyze its clinical implications. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fifty-two severe @entity394 (SUVL) (post-surgical vestibular areflexy) were studied. The @entity346 was measured by 2D and 3D videonystagmography (Synapsis, France). The stimulus was applied with a 3S vibrator at the vertex, both masto  ds, and posterior cervical muscles, at frequencies ranging from 20 to 150 Hz. For topographic optimization, stimulation was given with S vibrator (Synapsis, France) at 100 Hz. The interferences between the vibratory test (VT) and the caloric test (CT) were studied on the normal ear (in 11 subjects). The same study was carried out with the optokinetic test. RESULTS: The VT revealed a defective nystagmus at all frequencies of stimulation. Optimal response was obtained in a band frequency of 80-120 Hz. Stimulations at 100 Hz showed optimal responses for mastoid topography (responses in 96% of the cases). Stimulation at the posterior cervical muscles and at the vertex indicated respectively a response in 90% and 60% of the cases. The efficiency of the mastoid stimulation was not correlated with the side of stimulation (p=0.9). The interference between the VT and caloric test (CT) with cold water (30 degrees C and 20 degrees C) exhibited the inversion of the @entity346 during the vibrator stimulation. The resulting nystagmus was respectively an algebraic subtraction or addition between the pre-existing @entity346 and the value of the @entity346 obtained before the caloric test. Adaptation of the @entity346 was moderate. The interference between the VT and the optokinetic test resulted in a subtraction or addition effect, according to the side of the lesion and the direction of the optokinetic stimulus. CONCLUSION: The VT is an efficient stimulation in mastoid topography. The vestibular contribution is bilateral by bony conduction of the vibration, it explores frequencies ranging from 30 to 120 Hz, with a maximum of response at 100 Hz. The VT interacts with the caloric test and the optokinetic test. The stimulation is very strong, and is able to inverse the @entity346 at cold water stimulation (20 degrees C) In labyrinthine-defective subjects, the @entity346 is always defective at all frequencies, whatever the topographic location of the stimulus, and the position of the head.

title: [Nystagmus and vibratory test: evidence for mechanism. Material conditions and methods in the fast detection of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral vestibular lesions']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['caloric nystagmus', 'vibratory nystagmus', 'VN']

answer: @entity394 :: (MESH:D015837,Disease) :: ['unilateral vestibular lesions']


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells were first identified for their ability to kill @entity5 cells of different origin in vitro. Similarly, gammadelta T lymphocytes display strong cytotoxic activity against various @entity5 cell lines. However, the ability of both the NK and gammadelta cells to mediate natural immune response against @entity1 @entity5 in vivo is still poorly defined. @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 have been successfully engrafted with @entity1 @entity5 . In this study, the antitumor effect of local as well as of systemic treatments based on NK cells or Vdelta1 or Vdelta2 gamma/delta T lymphocytes against @entity320 cells was investigated in vivo. The results show that all three of the populations were effective in preventing growth of autologous @entity1 @entity320 when both @entity5 and lymphoid cells were s.c. inoculated at the same site. However, when lymphoid cells were infused i.v., only NK cells and Vdelta1 gamma/delta T lymphocytes could either prevent or inhibit the s.c. growth of @entity320 . Accordingly, both NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes could be detected at the s.c. @entity5 site. In contrast, Vdelta2 gammadelta T lymphocytes were only detectable in the spleen of the @entity466 @entity19 . Moreover, NK cells maintained their inhibitory effect on @entity5 growth even after discontinuation of the treatment. Indeed they were present at the @entity5 site for a longer period. These data support the possibility to exploit NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes in @entity5 immunotherapy. Moreover, our study emphasizes the usefulness of @entity1 @entity5 / @entity466 @entity19 models for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapy protocols against @entity1 @entity5 .

title: Effect of XXXX natural killer and gammadelta T cells on the growth of @entity1 @entity320 xenografts in @entity466 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['autologous melanoma', 'melanomas']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'Severe combined immunodeficient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells were first identified for their ability to kill @entity5 cells of different origin in vitro. Similarly, gammadelta T lymphocytes display strong cytotoxic activity against various @entity5 cell lines. However, the ability of both the NK and gammadelta cells to mediate natural immune response against @entity1 @entity5 in vivo is still poorly defined. @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 have been successfully engrafted with @entity1 @entity5 . In this study, the antitumor effect of local as well as of systemic treatments based on NK cells or Vdelta1 or Vdelta2 gamma/delta T lymphocytes against @entity320 cells was investigated in vivo. The results show that all three of the populations were effective in preventing growth of autologous @entity1 @entity320 when both @entity5 and lymphoid cells were s.c. inoculated at the same site. However, when lymphoid cells were infused i.v., only NK cells and Vdelta1 gamma/delta T lymphocytes could either prevent or inhibit the s.c. growth of @entity320 . Accordingly, both NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes could be detected at the s.c. @entity5 site. In contrast, Vdelta2 gammadelta T lymphocytes were only detectable in the spleen of the @entity466 @entity19 . Moreover, NK cells maintained their inhibitory effect on @entity5 growth even after discontinuation of the treatment. Indeed they were present at the @entity5 site for a longer period. These data support the possibility to exploit NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes in @entity5 immunotherapy. Moreover, our study emphasizes the usefulness of @entity1 @entity5 / @entity466 @entity19 models for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapy protocols against @entity1 @entity5 .

title: Effect of @entity1 natural killer and gammadelta T cells on the growth of XXXX @entity320 xenografts in @entity466 @entity19 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells were first identified for their ability to kill @entity5 cells of different origin in vitro. Similarly, gammadelta T lymphocytes display strong cytotoxic activity against various @entity5 cell lines. However, the ability of both the NK and gammadelta cells to mediate natural immune response against @entity1 @entity5 in vivo is still poorly defined. @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 have been successfully engrafted with @entity1 @entity5 . In this study, the antitumor effect of local as well as of systemic treatments based on NK cells or Vdelta1 or Vdelta2 gamma/delta T lymphocytes against @entity320 cells was investigated in vivo. The results show that all three of the populations were effective in preventing growth of autologous @entity1 @entity320 when both @entity5 and lymphoid cells were s.c. inoculated at the same site. However, when lymphoid cells were infused i.v., only NK cells and Vdelta1 gamma/delta T lymphocytes could either prevent or inhibit the s.c. growth of @entity320 . Accordingly, both NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes could be detected at the s.c. @entity5 site. In contrast, Vdelta2 gammadelta T lymphocytes were only detectable in the spleen of the @entity466 @entity19 . Moreover, NK cells maintained their inhibitory effect on @entity5 growth even after discontinuation of the treatment. Indeed they were present at the @entity5 site for a longer period. These data support the possibility to exploit NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes in @entity5 immunotherapy. Moreover, our study emphasizes the usefulness of @entity1 @entity5 / @entity466 @entity19 models for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapy protocols against @entity1 @entity5 .

title: Effect of @entity1 natural killer and gammadelta T cells on the growth of @entity1 XXXX xenografts in @entity466 @entity19 .

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['autologous melanoma']


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells were first identified for their ability to kill @entity5 cells of different origin in vitro. Similarly, gammadelta T lymphocytes display strong cytotoxic activity against various @entity5 cell lines. However, the ability of both the NK and gammadelta cells to mediate natural immune response against @entity1 @entity5 in vivo is still poorly defined. @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 have been successfully engrafted with @entity1 @entity5 . In this study, the antitumor effect of local as well as of systemic treatments based on NK cells or Vdelta1 or Vdelta2 gamma/delta T lymphocytes against @entity320 cells was investigated in vivo. The results show that all three of the populations were effective in preventing growth of autologous @entity1 @entity320 when both @entity5 and lymphoid cells were s.c. inoculated at the same site. However, when lymphoid cells were infused i.v., only NK cells and Vdelta1 gamma/delta T lymphocytes could either prevent or inhibit the s.c. growth of @entity320 . Accordingly, both NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes could be detected at the s.c. @entity5 site. In contrast, Vdelta2 gammadelta T lymphocytes were only detectable in the spleen of the @entity466 @entity19 . Moreover, NK cells maintained their inhibitory effect on @entity5 growth even after discontinuation of the treatment. Indeed they were present at the @entity5 site for a longer period. These data support the possibility to exploit NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes in @entity5 immunotherapy. Moreover, our study emphasizes the usefulness of @entity1 @entity5 / @entity466 @entity19 models for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapy protocols against @entity1 @entity5 .

title: Effect of @entity1 natural killer and gammadelta T cells on the growth of @entity1 @entity320 xenografts in XXXX @entity19 .

answer: @entity466 :: (MESH:D016511,Disease) :: ['SCID']


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells were first identified for their ability to kill @entity5 cells of different origin in vitro. Similarly, gammadelta T lymphocytes display strong cytotoxic activity against various @entity5 cell lines. However, the ability of both the NK and gammadelta cells to mediate natural immune response against @entity1 @entity5 in vivo is still poorly defined. @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 have been successfully engrafted with @entity1 @entity5 . In this study, the antitumor effect of local as well as of systemic treatments based on NK cells or Vdelta1 or Vdelta2 gamma/delta T lymphocytes against @entity320 cells was investigated in vivo. The results show that all three of the populations were effective in preventing growth of autologous @entity1 @entity320 when both @entity5 and lymphoid cells were s.c. inoculated at the same site. However, when lymphoid cells were infused i.v., only NK cells and Vdelta1 gamma/delta T lymphocytes could either prevent or inhibit the s.c. growth of @entity320 . Accordingly, both NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes could be detected at the s.c. @entity5 site. In contrast, Vdelta2 gammadelta T lymphocytes were only detectable in the spleen of the @entity466 @entity19 . Moreover, NK cells maintained their inhibitory effect on @entity5 growth even after discontinuation of the treatment. Indeed they were present at the @entity5 site for a longer period. These data support the possibility to exploit NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes in @entity5 immunotherapy. Moreover, our study emphasizes the usefulness of @entity1 @entity5 / @entity466 @entity19 models for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapy protocols against @entity1 @entity5 .

title: Effect of @entity1 natural killer and gammadelta T cells on the growth of @entity1 @entity320 xenografts in @entity466 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the need for pacing in adults with chronic Mobitz type I second degree @entity713 (Mobitz I). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: District general hospital. @entity1 : 147 subjects aged > or = 20 years (age cohorts 20-44, 45-64, 65-79, and > or = 80) with chronic Mobitz I without second degree Mobitz II or third degree (higher degree) block on entry, seen from 1968 to 1993 and followed up to 30 June 1997. Sixty four had @entity299 . The presence of symptomatic @entity1168 was defined as highly likely in 47 @entity1 (class 1); probable in 14 (class 2); and absent in 86 (class 3). INTERVENTIONS: Pacemakers were implanted in 90 @entity1 for the following indications: symptoms in 74 and prophylaxis in 16. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was death, with conduction deterioration to higher degree block or symptomatic @entity1168 the alternative measure. RESULTS: Five year survival to death was reduced in unpaced @entity1 relative to that expected for the normal population (overall mean (SD) 53.5 (6.7)% v 68.6%, p < 0.001; class 3, 54.4 (7.3)% v 70.1%, p < 0.001). Paced @entity1 fared better than unpaced (overall (mean (SD) five year survival 76.3 (4.5)% v 53.5 (6.7)%, p = 0.0014; class 3, 87.2 (5.4)% v 54.4 (7.3)%, p = 0.020; and @entity299 , 68.2 (7.6)% v 44.0 (9.9)%, p < or = 0.0014). There were no deaths in the < 45 cohort. Survival to first outcome (main or alternative) was further reduced to 31.7 (5.0)% in 102 @entity1 unpaced initially and 34.2 (5.7)% in class 3. Only the 20-44 cohort and @entity1 with @entity13610 had > 50% survival. CONCLUSION: Mobitz I block is not usually benign in @entity1 > or = 45 years of age. Pacemaker implantation should be considered, even in the absence of symptomatic @entity1168 or @entity299 .

title: Is Mobitz type I XXXX benign in adults?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity13610 :: ('MESH:D001146', 'Disease') :: ['sinus arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular block']


abstract: Apoptosis in the testis and prostate exposed to disrupters of endocrine function, including @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ), during neonatal or postnatal periods has repeatedly been demonstrated, but not in the mature epididymis. We investigated the effects of @entity4743 , a potent and synthetic @entity172 , on apoptosis in the adult. Adult male @entity329 received an SC injection of @entity4743 and were then sacrificed to collect epididymides after 1, 4, or 7 days of treatment. A significant decrease in epididymal weight and an increase in apoptotic cells were shown on the first day after @entity4743 injection. Flow cytometry showed that @entity4743 treatment (1 mg/kg) for 1, 4, or 7 days induced significant apoptosis both in the caput and the cauda epididymides. Greater numbers of apoptotic cells were detected in the caput than in the cauda at a fixed time after @entity4743 treatment. Serum levels of @entity251 decreased markedly within 24 hr after @entity4743 administration, reaching undetectable levels of 0.1 ng/ml at 4 days and thereafter. These results indicate that @entity4743 administration can increase epididymal apoptosis with a decrease in serum @entity251 levels. Because @entity4743 used to be injected into domestic animals, adult males also have a chance to take this substance through food. Our study indicates that exposure to @entity4743 in adults is as toxic as that in the perinatal period.

title: Apoptosis in the epididymal epithelium of adult male @entity329 exposed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['golden hamsters']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity4742 :: (MESH:D004054,Chemical) :: ['diethylstilbestrol']


abstract: Apoptosis in the testis and prostate exposed to disrupters of endocrine function, including @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ), during neonatal or postnatal periods has repeatedly been demonstrated, but not in the mature epididymis. We investigated the effects of @entity4743 , a potent and synthetic @entity172 , on apoptosis in the adult. Adult male @entity329 received an SC injection of @entity4743 and were then sacrificed to collect epididymides after 1, 4, or 7 days of treatment. A significant decrease in epididymal weight and an increase in apoptotic cells were shown on the first day after @entity4743 injection. Flow cytometry showed that @entity4743 treatment (1 mg/kg) for 1, 4, or 7 days induced significant apoptosis both in the caput and the cauda epididymides. Greater numbers of apoptotic cells were detected in the caput than in the cauda at a fixed time after @entity4743 treatment. Serum levels of @entity251 decreased markedly within 24 hr after @entity4743 administration, reaching undetectable levels of 0.1 ng/ml at 4 days and thereafter. These results indicate that @entity4743 administration can increase epididymal apoptosis with a decrease in serum @entity251 levels. Because @entity4743 used to be injected into domestic animals, adult males also have a chance to take this substance through food. Our study indicates that exposure to @entity4743 in adults is as toxic as that in the perinatal period.

title: Apoptosis in the epididymal epithelium of adult male XXXX exposed to @entity4742 .

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['golden hamster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The new antifungal triazoles @entity2059 and @entity2380 have revolutionized the treatment of @entity14937 . Both drugs have shown promising results in different dose schedules. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of single oral dose treatment with @entity2380 versus @entity2059 in @entity1 with @entity14937 . METHODS: A total of 40 @entity1 with @entity14937 were allocated randomly to group A and group B. A single dose of @entity2380 (400 mg) or @entity2059 (400 mg) was given orally to group A or group B @entity1 , respectively. @entity1 were assessed mycologically by @entity3071 and culture. Culture was done from lesional and perilesional skin to quantify growth and to observe the effect of these drugs and the persistence/reappearance of the fungus in relation to relapse at 2 and 8 weeks. Relapse was defined as reappearance or worsening of clinical signs and symptoms or positive @entity3071 /culture after initial improvement. RESULTS: Thirteen (65%) @entity1 in the @entity2380 group and 4 (20%) @entity1 in the @entity2059 group became culture negative at the end of 8 weeks. Relapse was found to be higher in the @entity2059 group compared to the @entity2380 group (60 vs. 35%). A direct correlation was found between the relapse rate and positivity of perilesional skin for Malassezia furfur. CONCLUSION: In the same dosing, @entity2380 was found to be more effective than @entity2059 ; however, both drugs were found to be safe.

title: Single-dose XXXX versus @entity2059 in @entity14937 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity14937 :: ('MESH:D014010', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis versicolor']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']