abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of a low calorie soy-based meal replacement program for the treatment of @entity28 . DESIGN: A 12-week prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Outpatient weight control research unit. SUBJECTS: One @entity28 (28<BMI<or=41 kg/m(2)) volunteers between the ages of 35 and 65 y. Seventy-four @entity1 completed the trial. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomized to either the meal replacement treatment group (n=50; 240 g/day, 1200 kcal/day) or control group (n=50). Both groups at baseline received a single dietary counseling session and a pamphlet describing @entity353 practices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight, body fat, serum lipid concentrations. RESULTS: : By intent-to-treat analysis, the treatment group lost significantly more weight than the control group (7.00 vs 2.90 kg; P<0.001) and had a greater change in total (22.5 vs 6.8 mg/dl; P=0.013) and LDL @entity165 (21.2 vs 7.1 mg/dl; P<0.009). Among completers only, the treatment group again lost more weight (7.1 kg; n=37 vs 2.9 kg; n=37; P=0.0001) and had a greater reduction in total @entity165 (26.1 mg/dl; n=37 vs 6.7 mg/dl; P=0.0012) and a greater change in LDL @entity165 (21.6 vs 5.5 mg/dl; P=0.0025). (For any given degree of @entity353 , the reduction in LDL @entity165 was significantly greater in the treatment group.) Treatment was well tolerated and no serious side effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Use of this soy-based meal replacement formula was effective in lowering body weight, fat mass and in reducing LDL @entity165 beyond what could be expected given the weight lost.

title: A novel soy-based meal replacement formula for XXXX among @entity28 individuals: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['hundred obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of a low calorie soy-based meal replacement program for the treatment of @entity28 . DESIGN: A 12-week prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Outpatient weight control research unit. SUBJECTS: One @entity28 (28<BMI<or=41 kg/m(2)) volunteers between the ages of 35 and 65 y. Seventy-four @entity1 completed the trial. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomized to either the meal replacement treatment group (n=50; 240 g/day, 1200 kcal/day) or control group (n=50). Both groups at baseline received a single dietary counseling session and a pamphlet describing @entity353 practices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight, body fat, serum lipid concentrations. RESULTS: : By intent-to-treat analysis, the treatment group lost significantly more weight than the control group (7.00 vs 2.90 kg; P<0.001) and had a greater change in total (22.5 vs 6.8 mg/dl; P=0.013) and LDL @entity165 (21.2 vs 7.1 mg/dl; P<0.009). Among completers only, the treatment group again lost more weight (7.1 kg; n=37 vs 2.9 kg; n=37; P=0.0001) and had a greater reduction in total @entity165 (26.1 mg/dl; n=37 vs 6.7 mg/dl; P=0.0012) and a greater change in LDL @entity165 (21.6 vs 5.5 mg/dl; P=0.0025). (For any given degree of @entity353 , the reduction in LDL @entity165 was significantly greater in the treatment group.) Treatment was well tolerated and no serious side effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Use of this soy-based meal replacement formula was effective in lowering body weight, fat mass and in reducing LDL @entity165 beyond what could be expected given the weight lost.

title: A novel soy-based meal replacement formula for @entity353 among XXXX individuals: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several types of epidermal keratinocytic nevus are recognized. OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe a previously unreported keratinocytic nevus with distinctive clinical and histopathologic features in 5 @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a clinical and photographic review, and obtained skin biopsy samples for histopathologic examination from each @entity1 . Genetic analysis to screen for @entity2557 and @entity4357 3-kinase, catalytic, alpha hotspot mutations was performed on lesional skin from two @entity1 . RESULTS: Five @entity1 (2 male, 3 female) had from 1 to 11 lesions present since birth. These consisted of 1- to 7-mm hyperkeratotic papules with a rough, flat surface and a round, commalike, rectangular, or polygonal shape. Histopathologic examination showed acanthosis with @entity2611 , and strikingly arranged basal cells with palisaded nuclei. Genetic testing on paraffin-embedded specimens from two @entity1 ruled out hotspot mutations in the @entity2557 and @entity4357 3-kinase, catalytic, alpha genes. LIMITATIONS: A small number of @entity1 are presented. CONCLUSION: We propose the name "papular @entity9397 with 'skyline' basal cell layer" (PENS) for this newly recognized condition.

title: Papular XXXX with "skyline" basal cell layer (PENS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2557 :: ('2261', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor receptor 3']

entities_list: @entity2611 :: ('MESH:D005532', 'Disease') :: ['broad and rectangular rete ridges']

entities_list: @entity9397 :: ('MESH:C580062', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal nevus']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity9397 :: (MESH:C580062,Disease) :: ['epidermal nevus']


abstract: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a powerful non-invasive diagnostic, monitoring and measurement device in medicine. In addition to cardiologists, many other specialised groups, including emergency and critical care physicians and cardiac anaesthetists, have recognised its ability to provide high quality information and utilise TTE in the care of their @entity1 . In obstetric anaesthesia and management of obstetric @entity3124 , the favourable characteristics of pregnant @entity1 facilitate TTE examination. These include anterior and left lateral displacement of the heart, frequent employment of the left lateral tilted position to avoid aortocaval compression, spontaneous ventilation and wide acceptance of ultrasound technology by @entity1 . Of relevance to obstetric anaesthetists is that maternal morbidity and mortality due to @entity65 is significant worldwide. This makes TTE an appropriate, important and applicable device in pregnant @entity1 . Clinician-performed TTE enables differentiation between the life-threatening causes of @entity551 . In the critically ill @entity1 this improves diagnostic accuracy and allows treatment interventions to be instituted and monitored at the point of @entity1 care. This article outlines the application of TTE in the specialty of obstetric anaesthesia and in the management of obstetric @entity3124 . It describes the importance of TTE education, quality assurance and outcome recording. It also discusses how barriers to the routine implementation of TTE in obstetric anaesthesia and management of obstetric @entity3124 can be overcome.

title: Transthoracic echocardiography in obstetric anaesthesia and obstetric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cutaneous evaporative heat loss in @entity7040 and @entity291 has been well documented. Nonetheless, how crossbreds with different fractional genetic proportions respond to such circumstances is of interest. A study to examine the physiological responses to cutaneous evaporative heat loss, also lactation period and milk yield, were conducted in Sahiwal ( @entity7040 , n = 10, 444  64.8 kg, 9  2.9 years), Holstein Friesian ( @entity291 , HF100% (n = 10, 488  97.9 kg, 6  2.8 years)) and the following crossbreds: HF50% (n = 10, 355  40.7 kg, 2  0 years) and HF87.5% (n = 10, 489  76.8 kg, 7  1.8 years). They were allocated so as to determine the physiological responses of sweating rate (SR), respiration rate (RR), @entity5584 ( @entity5584 ), and skin temperature (ST) with and without hair from 06:00 h am to 15:00 h pm. And milk yield during 180 days were collected at days from 30 to 180. The ambient temperature-humidity-index (THI) increased from less than 80 in the early morning to more than 90 in the late afternoon. The interaction of THI and breed were highly affected on SR, RR, @entity5584 , and ST (p<0.01). The SR was highest in Sahiwal (595 g/m(2)/h) compared to HF100% (227 g/m(2)/h), and their crossbreds both HF50% (335 g/m(2)/h) and HF87.5% (299 g/m(2)/h). On the other hand, RR was higher in HF87.5% (54 bpm) and both HF100% (48 bpm) and HF50% (42 bpm) than Sahiwal (25 bpm) (p<0.01). The @entity5584 showed no significant differences as a result of breed (p>0.05) but did change over time. The ST with and without hair were similar, and was higher in HF100% (37.4  C; 38.0  C) and their crossbred HF50% (35.5  C; 35.5  C) and HF87.5% (37.1  C; 37.9  C) than Sahiwal (34.8  C; 34.8  C) (p<0.01). Moreover, the early lactation were higher at HF100% (25 kg) and 87.5% (25 kg) than HF50% (23 kg) which were higher than Sahiwal (18 kg) while the peak period of lactation was higher at HF100% (35 kg) than crossbreds both HF87.5% and HF50% (32 kg) which was higher than Sahiwal (26 kg) (p<0.05). In conclusion, sweating and respiration were the main vehicle for dissipating excess body heat for Sahiwal, HF and crossbreds, respectively. The THI at 76 to 80 were the critical points where the physiological responses to elevated temperature displayed change.

title: Physiological Responses and Lactation to Cutaneous Evaporative Heat Loss in XXXX , @entity291 , and Their Crossbreds.

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['rectal temperature', 'RT']

answer: @entity7040 :: (9915,Species) :: ['Bos indicus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cutaneous evaporative heat loss in @entity7040 and @entity291 has been well documented. Nonetheless, how crossbreds with different fractional genetic proportions respond to such circumstances is of interest. A study to examine the physiological responses to cutaneous evaporative heat loss, also lactation period and milk yield, were conducted in Sahiwal ( @entity7040 , n = 10, 444  64.8 kg, 9  2.9 years), Holstein Friesian ( @entity291 , HF100% (n = 10, 488  97.9 kg, 6  2.8 years)) and the following crossbreds: HF50% (n = 10, 355  40.7 kg, 2  0 years) and HF87.5% (n = 10, 489  76.8 kg, 7  1.8 years). They were allocated so as to determine the physiological responses of sweating rate (SR), respiration rate (RR), @entity5584 ( @entity5584 ), and skin temperature (ST) with and without hair from 06:00 h am to 15:00 h pm. And milk yield during 180 days were collected at days from 30 to 180. The ambient temperature-humidity-index (THI) increased from less than 80 in the early morning to more than 90 in the late afternoon. The interaction of THI and breed were highly affected on SR, RR, @entity5584 , and ST (p<0.01). The SR was highest in Sahiwal (595 g/m(2)/h) compared to HF100% (227 g/m(2)/h), and their crossbreds both HF50% (335 g/m(2)/h) and HF87.5% (299 g/m(2)/h). On the other hand, RR was higher in HF87.5% (54 bpm) and both HF100% (48 bpm) and HF50% (42 bpm) than Sahiwal (25 bpm) (p<0.01). The @entity5584 showed no significant differences as a result of breed (p>0.05) but did change over time. The ST with and without hair were similar, and was higher in HF100% (37.4  C; 38.0  C) and their crossbred HF50% (35.5  C; 35.5  C) and HF87.5% (37.1  C; 37.9  C) than Sahiwal (34.8  C; 34.8  C) (p<0.01). Moreover, the early lactation were higher at HF100% (25 kg) and 87.5% (25 kg) than HF50% (23 kg) which were higher than Sahiwal (18 kg) while the peak period of lactation was higher at HF100% (35 kg) than crossbreds both HF87.5% and HF50% (32 kg) which was higher than Sahiwal (26 kg) (p<0.05). In conclusion, sweating and respiration were the main vehicle for dissipating excess body heat for Sahiwal, HF and crossbreds, respectively. The THI at 76 to 80 were the critical points where the physiological responses to elevated temperature displayed change.

title: Physiological Responses and Lactation to Cutaneous Evaporative Heat Loss in @entity7040 , XXXX , and Their Crossbreds.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bos taurus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a unique skin safety model (SSM) that offers a new and unified perspective on the diverse yet interconnected antecedents that contribute to a spectrum of potential @entity272 in older hospitalized adults. ORGANIZING CONSTRUCT: Discussion paper. METHODS: A literature search of electronic databases was conducted for published articles written in English addressing skin integrity and iatrogenic @entity272 in elderly hospital @entity1 between 1960 and 2014. FINDINGS: There is a multiplicity of literature outlining the etiology, prevention, and management of specific @entity272 . Complex and interrelated factors contribute to iatrogenic @entity272 in the older adult, including multiple comorbidities, factors influencing healthcare delivery, and acute situational stressors. A range of injuries can result when these factors are complicated by skin irritants, pressure, shear, or friction; however, despite @entity272 sharing multiple antecedents, no unified overarching skin safety conceptual model has been published. CONCLUSIONS: The SSM presented in this article offers a new, unified framework that encompasses the spectrum of antecedents to skin vulnerability as well as the spectrum of @entity272 that may be sustained by older acute care @entity1 . Current skin integrity frameworks address prevention and management of specific @entity272 . In contrast, the SSM recognizes the complex interplay of @entity1 and system factors that may result in a range of @entity272 . Skin safety is reconceptualized into a single model that has the potential for application at the individual @entity1 level, as well as healthcare systems and governance levels. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Skin safety is concerned with keeping skin safe from any iatrogenic @entity272 , and remains an ongoing challenge for healthcare providers. A conceptual framework that encompasses all of the factors that may contribute to a range of @entity272 is essential, and guides the clinician in maintaining skin integrity in the vulnerable older @entity1 .

title: The Skin Safety Model: Reconceptualizing Skin Vulnerability in Older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin injury', 'iatrogenic skin injuries', 'skin injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The prognosis of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) remains unclear. We investigated the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity157 based on the treatments and prognostic factors associated with long-term survival. METHODS: The prognoses of 64 consecutive @entity1 treated for @entity157 from 1986 to 2013 were analyzed according to their methods of treatment. The prognostic factors of 16 surgical @entity1 were identified, and their @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and recurrence rates were compared to 1,157 surgical @entity1 who underwent surgery for non- @entity157 . The surgical outcomes were also compared using a propensity score matching method. RESULTS: Surgery was associated with a better @entity1349 . Curative resection was the only independent prognostic factor in surgical @entity1 with @entity157 (p = 0.040). Although the @entity1349 of surgical @entity1 with non- @entity157 was found to be significantly better than that of the @entity1 with @entity157 , no significant difference in @entity1349 was observed after propensity score matching. CONCLUSION: A curative resection should be the objective of treatment, assuming the suitability of the @entity1 's clinical condition. When the liver function reserve and @entity5 extension of @entity1 with ruptured and non- @entity157 are similar, then their surgical outcomes may not be significantly different.

title: An Analysis of Surgical Treatment for the Spontaneous Rupture of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'ruptured HCC', 'spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: Despite extensive progress in characterizing the genetic events involved in the development of @entity11 , the cellular origin and the defined molecular mechanisms that lead to their occurrence are still unclear. It is known that @entity5 are of monoclonal origin. This is contrasted by the fact that @entity11 frequently express features of different glial cell lineages. With the identification of pluripotent neural stem cells and the growth factors that control neural cell development, we are now making early inroads towards understanding glial cell migration as well as the neural cell plasticity within the adult central nervous system (CNS). @entity11 share several fetal antigens with immature brain cells. It is therefore tempting to speculate that the migration of neural precursor cells actually represents the normal counterpart of @entity11 cell migration. The @entity146 may be due to a predetermined interplay between normal brain tissue and the migrating cells, where the brain represents a permissive tissue for guiding cells with certain phenotypic traits to migrate along specific anatomical structures. Malignant progression is also accompanied by extensive angiogenesis which is especially prominent in @entity463 ( @entity463 ). For cell proliferation to take place, several cell signaling cues mediated by specific growth factors are shared between the @entity11 cells and the endothelial cells while others are unique for endothelial cells. Therefore the endothelial cell compartment represents a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies including gene therapy and cell-based therapies.

title: Mechanisms of XXXX cell invasion and angiogenesis in the central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Gliomas', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['migratory behavior of gliomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Cytofluorometric DNA measurements showed that about 55% of @entity188 (129 @entity1 ) had @entity5 with an abnormal DNA content (DNA aneuploidy). For @entity1 with such a @entity5 the prognosis was worse than for @entity1 with DNA diploid @entity5 . From the DNA histograms the number of S-phase cells was calculated. In @entity5 with the stage pT3, which disseminated to lymph nodes or metastasized, a higher number of S-phase cells was found than in @entity5 with the staging pT3N0M0. In all untreated @entity5 cells with micronuclei were found. This demonstrated cell loss. In most @entity5 this effect was considerable. The ratio:number of S-phase cells/number of cells with micronuclei may allow a rough estimate for cell turnover. In @entity1 with a bad prognosis and in those @entity1 who had a local recurrence after resection of the @entity5 this ratio was high. In 34 @entity1 the parameters were measured before and after preoperative radiotherapy. In some @entity5 a rapid increase of S-phase cells occurred after irradiation, this effect might express repopulation. In these @entity1 a local recurrence was frequently found. From the data obtained so far a prediction for local recurrences might be possible from the determination of nuclear protein bound SH-groups. The determination of micronuclei indicated that it can be used as a measure for radiation response in @entity5 . All parameters show a high variability between individual @entity5 . A further study is useful whether the measured parameters are suitable as predictors.

title: Predictive assays for the therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['rectum carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity188 :: (MESH:D012004,Disease) :: ['rectum carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report a single centre ongoing experience of endovascular treatment for @entity731 vertebral artery origin @entity850 in a series of symptomatic @entity1 , with follow up imaging to determine the incidence of @entity256 . METHODS: 14 @entity1 with vertebral artery origin @entity850 on catheter angiography were treated. Angioplasty without stenting was undertaken in the first four @entity1 , all of whom had follow up catheter angiography at one year. Subsequently, @entity1 were treated by primary stenting and followed up with colour Doppler ultrasound examination. RESULTS: The procedure was technically successful in all treated arteries, with no immediate complications. The degree of @entity850 was reduced from (mean (SD)) 73 (18)% before treatment to 21 (26)% immediately after treatment in the angioplasty alone group (p = 0.059). In the primary stenting @entity1 , the severity of @entity850 was reduced from 82 (8)% to 13 (13)% immediately after treatment (p < 0.001). @entity256 to 70% or greater occurred at one year in all four @entity1 initially treated by angioplasty without stenting. One @entity1 subsequently developed further symptoms and was retreated by stenting. One of the 10 @entity1 treated by primary stenting developed @entity256 . None of the remaining @entity1 had further posterior circulation ischaemic symptoms during a mean follow up period of 33.6 months (range 1 to 72 months). CONCLUSIONS: @entity256 occurs often after vertebral artery origin balloon angioplasty without stenting but is uncommon after stenting. Primary stenting is therefore recommended to maintain patency at this site, and had a low complication rate in this series.

title: Vertebral artery origin angioplasty and primary stenting: safety and XXXX rates in a prospective series.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Restenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: Lipoprotein binding and metabolism in actively dividing (sparse) and quiescent (confluent) @entity291 aortic endothelial cells (EC) were compared quantitatively using 125I-labelled lipoproteins. The amounts of receptor-bound low density lipoproteins (LDL) decreased five- to ten-fold as the cultures progressed from sparse to confluent morphology. High affinity receptor-bound LDL levels were extremely low in confluent EC and accounted for the inability of confluent EC to internalize and degrade significant amounts of LDL. Conversely, the amounts of acetylated LDL (acLDL) bound and degraded via distinct sites increased at least five-fold during EC growth to confluence. LDL binding and metabolism in individual cells was assessed by fluorescence microscopy using @entity9717 -labelled lipoproteins or @entity941 -conjugated antibodies. LDL and acLDL bound to the surfaces of sparse EC, at either 4 degrees or 37 degrees C, in a random distribution of fine punctate foci, contrary to a previous report. EC therefore appear to resemble fibroblasts in their distribution of surface LDL receptors. No binding or uptake of LDL was seen in confluent EC. Patterns of acLDL binding and uptake in confluent EC resembled those of LDL in sparse EC. Intracellular LDL and acLDL occurred as perinuclear accumulations of large fluorescent foci in sparse EC. Regeneration experiments were carried out in artificially wounded confluent cultures and renewed @entity17638 activity was shown in actively-dividing cells which had migrated into the "wounded" areas. We conclude that quiescent endothelial cells metabolize little LDL via the @entity17638 pathway due to a drastically reduced number of receptors in confluent cells. This contrasts with the ability of confluent cells to metabolize relatively large amounts of acLDL via a receptor-mediated mechanism.

title: Native and acetylated low density lipoprotein metabolism in proliferating and quiescent XXXX endothelial cells in culture.

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity9717 :: ('MESH:C024286', 'Chemical') :: ["1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine"]

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The importance of tools for the measurement of outcomes and needs in @entity131 is well recognised. The development of tools for these injuries in indigenous communities has been limited despite the well-documented disparity of @entity1545 . The wairua theory of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) in M  ori proposes that a culturally defined injury occurs in tandem with the @entity130 . A cultural response is therefore indicated. This research investigates a M  ori method used in the development of cultural needs assessment tool designed to further examine needs associated with the culturally determined injury and in preparation for formal validation. Whakawhiti k  rero is a method used to develop better statements in the development of the assessment tool. Four w  nanga (traditional fora) were held including one with wh  nau (extended family) with experience of @entity131 . The approach was well received. A final version, Te Waka Kuaka, is now ready for validation. Whakawhiti k  rero is an indigenous method used in the development of cultural needs assessment tool in M  ori @entity131 . This method is likely to have wider applicability, such as Mental Health and Addictions Services, to ensure robust process of outcome measure and needs assessment development.

title: Whakawhiti K  rero, a Method for the Development of a Cultural Assessment Tool, Te Waka Kuaka, in M  ori Traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury', 'TBI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['physical injury']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['Brain Injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. Many @entity16 show differences between genders. We studied gender differences in childhood @entity9144 ( @entity9144 ) in an endemic area of Lyme borreliosis in Norway. Methods. In a population based study, all @entity1 (<14 years of age) with symptoms suspicious of @entity9144 , including all @entity1 with acute @entity2103 , were evaluated for @entity9144 by medical history, clinical examination, blood tests, and lumbar puncture. @entity9144 was diagnosed according to international criteria. Results. 142 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity9144 during 2001-2009. @entity2103 was more common in @entity1 (86%) than in @entity1 (62%) (p < 0.001), but @entity10 and/or neck stiffness as the only symptom was more common in @entity1 (30%) than in @entity1 (10%) (p = 0.003). The @entity1 were younger than @entity1 and had a shorter duration of symptoms, but @entity1 had a higher level of pleocytosis than @entity1 . In a multivariate analysis, both gender and having @entity10 and neck stiffness were associated with a higher level of pleocytosis. Conclusion. @entity1 and @entity1 have different clinical presentations of @entity9144 , and @entity1 have a higher level of @entity32 than @entity1 independent of the clinical presentation.

title: Gender Differences in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme neuroborreliosis', 'LNB']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['Facial nerve palsy', 'facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity9144 :: (MESH:D020852,Disease) :: ['Childhood Lyme Neuroborreliosis']


abstract: This study reports the findings in 74 mainly posttraumatic phthisical @entity1 eyes enucleated after varying time intervals. It was usually a result of severe @entity1347 with marked @entity548 and @entity3145 . In summary, the tissue reactions in these eyes are those known from wound healing elsewhere in the body with additional traction changes and @entity551 . In phthisis bulbi the complex reactions associated with inflammatory, healing, and scarring processes reach a maximum within the first 3 months, but can go on for years. Cell proliferation and transformation are early and important features of this process which lead to @entity5995 and ciliochoroidal detachment, @entity551 and marked shrinkage of the globe. The results also indicate that reactions initiated by intraocular @entity548 have an important part in the development of phthisis bulbi. The process of phthisis bulbi is a process of wound healing in the sense of an intraocular @entity1388 proliferative reaction. Main areas of proliferation are the pars plana of the ciliary body, the optic disc and the base of the iris. Finally degenerative changes will develop additionally. It appears that repair of the injured tissues with early primary (within 6 h) and secondary (within the first 2 weeks) intraocular surgery and other preventive surgical measures should be performed by an experienced surgeon. Further work on postoperative medical treatment to control the secondary reactions is needed. To compare the therapeutic efforts a 5-stage classification is proposed.

title: Phthisis bulbi--an intraocular XXXX proliferative reaction.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment injury']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: Ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy is known to be of great value in the diagnosis of @entity409 , with an overall accuracy rate of 73-94 p. 100. However, investigators have essentially reported cases of liver metastases. In this report, we examined the diagnostic value of this method in the specific case of @entity5 associated with @entity82 . Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity82 (20 alcoholic, 4 post- @entity99 , 3 @entity9595 ) with ultrasonically suspected @entity99 were studied. They all presented severe @entity1503 clotting disturbances and/or @entity843 . At the end of the study, all @entity1 had proven @entity5 (by post mortem biopsy in 14 cases and/or serum @entity160 greater than 500 microgram/l in 17 cases). There were 25 primary and 2 @entity3 . Twenty-nine fine needle aspiration biopsies were performed under ultrasonic guidance. material suitable for cytologic evaluation was obtained in 25 @entity1 . In 14 cases, a diagnosis of @entity409 was firmly established by cytological examination; it was suggested in 4 other cases. @entity5 typing was possible in 12 primary and 2 @entity3 , in agreement with the proven diagnosis. The present study shows that fine needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance is a safe and accurate diagnostic procedure in @entity409 associated with @entity82 .

title: [Value of ultrasound-guided cytopuncture in the diagnosis of @entity5 in XXXX . Study of 29 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['malignant involvement of the liver', 'malignant liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic malignancy', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: Ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy is known to be of great value in the diagnosis of @entity409 , with an overall accuracy rate of 73-94 p. 100. However, investigators have essentially reported cases of liver metastases. In this report, we examined the diagnostic value of this method in the specific case of @entity5 associated with @entity82 . Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity82 (20 alcoholic, 4 post- @entity99 , 3 @entity9595 ) with ultrasonically suspected @entity99 were studied. They all presented severe @entity1503 clotting disturbances and/or @entity843 . At the end of the study, all @entity1 had proven @entity5 (by post mortem biopsy in 14 cases and/or serum @entity160 greater than 500 microgram/l in 17 cases). There were 25 primary and 2 @entity3 . Twenty-nine fine needle aspiration biopsies were performed under ultrasonic guidance. material suitable for cytologic evaluation was obtained in 25 @entity1 . In 14 cases, a diagnosis of @entity409 was firmly established by cytological examination; it was suggested in 4 other cases. @entity5 typing was possible in 12 primary and 2 @entity3 , in agreement with the proven diagnosis. The present study shows that fine needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance is a safe and accurate diagnostic procedure in @entity409 associated with @entity82 .

title: [Value of ultrasound-guided cytopuncture in the diagnosis of XXXX in @entity82 . Study of 29 cases].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: The distribution of axial load to the lower end of the tibia at different positions of the ankle joint for the anterior, middle, and posterior part of the joint was studied in both photoelastic models and @entity1171 in cadaveric specimens. Synthetic models were used to simulate both normal ankle joints and ankles with @entity174 of the posterior lip of the tibia. Tests were performed with the ankle at dorsiflexed, neutral-flexed, and plantarflexed positions of the ankle joint. The clinical portion of the study evaluated 15 @entity1 with @entity174 of the posterior malleolus that comprised 0% to 33% of the articular surface. All @entity1 had open reduction and internal fixation through a posterolateral or posteromedial approach, and were allowed full weight bearing in a cast within 7 days of surgery. In the simulated models, the posterior one fourth of the ankle joint remains unloaded in the majority of the cases. The stresses are greatly increased when the load is doubled and are mainly distributed to the 2 central quadrants. With additional axial load, the fourth quadrant sustained little increase in the load bearing. All @entity1 have had an uneventful recovery. By the second @entity86 , they were able to walk normally and had a painless range of motion of the ankle. By the third month, all @entity1 were able to undertake their daily activities, and all @entity174 were consolidated. The clinical relevance of this study is early weight bearing, after open reduction internal fixation of posterior malleolar @entity174 of the ankle joint, facilitates recovery, promotes @entity174 union, and allows the @entity1 to assume normal activity by the third month after surgery.

title: Early weight bearing after XXXX : an experimental and prospective clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['fractured ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative month']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['posterior malleolar fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is the most common @entity5 among females in India. @entity5 usually spreads by local extension and through the lymphatic drainage to the lymph nodes. Hematogenous spread, the mechanism responsible for distant @entity3 , is rarely seen in cervical @entity5 . In this communication, we report a case of a 45-year-old @entity1 who presented with unilateral decrease in vision of 3 months duration. She was found to have a @entity1713 with underlying diffuse, subretinal yellowish-cream colored infiltrates in the right eye, suspicious of choroidal @entity3 . Systemic evaluation showed disseminated systemic @entity3 arising from a primary @entity420 . In this communication, we review all the documented cases of @entity735 and adnexa arising from cervical @entity5 and their clinical characteristics. Unilateral choroidal @entity3 arising from an @entity420 is extremely rare with only one previous documented case. Although uncommon, choroidal @entity3 may be the presenting feature of primary cervical @entity5 . Furthermore, cervical @entity5 must be ruled out in @entity1 who present with orbital or choroidal @entity3 arising from unknown primary.

title: Metastatic XXXX presenting as a choroidal mass: A case report and review of literature of cervical @entity735 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cervical cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['serous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['metastases to the eye']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cervix']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is the most common @entity5 among females in India. @entity5 usually spreads by local extension and through the lymphatic drainage to the lymph nodes. Hematogenous spread, the mechanism responsible for distant @entity3 , is rarely seen in cervical @entity5 . In this communication, we report a case of a 45-year-old @entity1 who presented with unilateral decrease in vision of 3 months duration. She was found to have a @entity1713 with underlying diffuse, subretinal yellowish-cream colored infiltrates in the right eye, suspicious of choroidal @entity3 . Systemic evaluation showed disseminated systemic @entity3 arising from a primary @entity420 . In this communication, we review all the documented cases of @entity735 and adnexa arising from cervical @entity5 and their clinical characteristics. Unilateral choroidal @entity3 arising from an @entity420 is extremely rare with only one previous documented case. Although uncommon, choroidal @entity3 may be the presenting feature of primary cervical @entity5 . Furthermore, cervical @entity5 must be ruled out in @entity1 who present with orbital or choroidal @entity3 arising from unknown primary.

title: Metastatic @entity420 presenting as a choroidal mass: A case report and review of literature of cervical XXXX .

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['metastases to the eye']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity784 plays pivotal roles in @entity28 -associated type 2 @entity6 (T2DM). The identification of dominant sources of @entity784 in @entity1 remains a significant gap in understanding disease pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that cytokine profiles from circulating T cells identify T cell subsets and T cell cytokines that define T2DM-associated @entity32 . METHODS: Multiplex analyses were used to quantify T cell-associated cytokines in aCD3/aCD28-stimulated PBMCs, or B cell-depleted PBMCs, from subjects with T2DM or BMI-matched controls. Cytokine measurements were subjected to multivariate (principal component and partial least squares) analyses. Flow cytometry detected intracellular @entity310 in multiple immune cell subsets in the presence/absence of antibodies that neutralize T cell cytokines. RESULTS: T cell cytokines were generally higher in T2DM samples, but Th17 cytokines are specifically important for classifying individuals correctly as T2DM. Multivariate analyses indicated that B cells support Th17 @entity32 in T2DM but not control samples, while monocytes supported Th17 @entity32 regardless of T2DM status. Partial least squares regression analysis indicated that both Th17 and @entity1198 cytokines impact %HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: Among various T cell subsets, Th17 cells are major contributors to @entity32 and @entity4854 and are uniquely supported by B cells in @entity28 -associated T2DM.

title: Th17 cytokines differentiate @entity28 from @entity28 -associated type 2 @entity6 and promote XXXX production.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T cell inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNFa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity784 plays pivotal roles in @entity28 -associated type 2 @entity6 (T2DM). The identification of dominant sources of @entity784 in @entity1 remains a significant gap in understanding disease pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that cytokine profiles from circulating T cells identify T cell subsets and T cell cytokines that define T2DM-associated @entity32 . METHODS: Multiplex analyses were used to quantify T cell-associated cytokines in aCD3/aCD28-stimulated PBMCs, or B cell-depleted PBMCs, from subjects with T2DM or BMI-matched controls. Cytokine measurements were subjected to multivariate (principal component and partial least squares) analyses. Flow cytometry detected intracellular @entity310 in multiple immune cell subsets in the presence/absence of antibodies that neutralize T cell cytokines. RESULTS: T cell cytokines were generally higher in T2DM samples, but Th17 cytokines are specifically important for classifying individuals correctly as T2DM. Multivariate analyses indicated that B cells support Th17 @entity32 in T2DM but not control samples, while monocytes supported Th17 @entity32 regardless of T2DM status. Partial least squares regression analysis indicated that both Th17 and @entity1198 cytokines impact %HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: Among various T cell subsets, Th17 cells are major contributors to @entity32 and @entity4854 and are uniquely supported by B cells in @entity28 -associated T2DM.

title: Th17 cytokines differentiate XXXX from @entity28 -associated type 2 @entity6 and promote @entity310 production.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity784 plays pivotal roles in @entity28 -associated type 2 @entity6 (T2DM). The identification of dominant sources of @entity784 in @entity1 remains a significant gap in understanding disease pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that cytokine profiles from circulating T cells identify T cell subsets and T cell cytokines that define T2DM-associated @entity32 . METHODS: Multiplex analyses were used to quantify T cell-associated cytokines in aCD3/aCD28-stimulated PBMCs, or B cell-depleted PBMCs, from subjects with T2DM or BMI-matched controls. Cytokine measurements were subjected to multivariate (principal component and partial least squares) analyses. Flow cytometry detected intracellular @entity310 in multiple immune cell subsets in the presence/absence of antibodies that neutralize T cell cytokines. RESULTS: T cell cytokines were generally higher in T2DM samples, but Th17 cytokines are specifically important for classifying individuals correctly as T2DM. Multivariate analyses indicated that B cells support Th17 @entity32 in T2DM but not control samples, while monocytes supported Th17 @entity32 regardless of T2DM status. Partial least squares regression analysis indicated that both Th17 and @entity1198 cytokines impact %HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: Among various T cell subsets, Th17 cells are major contributors to @entity32 and @entity4854 and are uniquely supported by B cells in @entity28 -associated T2DM.

title: Th17 cytokines differentiate @entity28 from XXXX -associated type 2 @entity6 and promote @entity310 production.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity784 plays pivotal roles in @entity28 -associated type 2 @entity6 (T2DM). The identification of dominant sources of @entity784 in @entity1 remains a significant gap in understanding disease pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that cytokine profiles from circulating T cells identify T cell subsets and T cell cytokines that define T2DM-associated @entity32 . METHODS: Multiplex analyses were used to quantify T cell-associated cytokines in aCD3/aCD28-stimulated PBMCs, or B cell-depleted PBMCs, from subjects with T2DM or BMI-matched controls. Cytokine measurements were subjected to multivariate (principal component and partial least squares) analyses. Flow cytometry detected intracellular @entity310 in multiple immune cell subsets in the presence/absence of antibodies that neutralize T cell cytokines. RESULTS: T cell cytokines were generally higher in T2DM samples, but Th17 cytokines are specifically important for classifying individuals correctly as T2DM. Multivariate analyses indicated that B cells support Th17 @entity32 in T2DM but not control samples, while monocytes supported Th17 @entity32 regardless of T2DM status. Partial least squares regression analysis indicated that both Th17 and @entity1198 cytokines impact %HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: Among various T cell subsets, Th17 cells are major contributors to @entity32 and @entity4854 and are uniquely supported by B cells in @entity28 -associated T2DM.

title: Th17 cytokines differentiate @entity28 from @entity28 -associated type 2 XXXX and promote @entity310 production.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: In @entity7611 , @entity715 is frequent (50% of the cases). The authors report a case of @entity3959 -synthetase deficiency-induced @entity7611 associated with @entity715 of a common iliac vein. This @entity1 presented with a @entity3459 which was related to severe @entity5630 and which was corrected by treatment. @entity7611 was @entity2764 independent as witnessed by the fact that Brand's reaction remained positive with @entity2245 therapy and @entity3959 . @entity3959 -synthetase activity measured in cultured fibroblasts increased only slightly with @entity2764 therapy. Treatment ( @entity7727 , @entity1501 , @entity2186 ) induced the disappearance of plasma @entity1853 . Clinically, the @entity1 whose treatment came late in the course of her disease, was only slightly improved. Hypotheses about etiopathogenic mechanisms of this disease are discussed. Difficulties of treatment and diet are reviewed. The relative inefficacy of therapy, even in case with early treatment, makes antenatal diagnosis preferable to neonatal diagnosis.

title: [ XXXX . A type with vascular @entity715 and @entity5630 ].

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity7611 :: ('MESH:D006712', 'Disease') :: ['Homocystinuria', 'homocystinuria']

entities_list: @entity2764 :: ('MESH:D011736', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxine']

entities_list: @entity3959 :: ('MESH:D003540', 'Chemical') :: ['Cystathionine', 'cystathionine']

entities_list: @entity5630 :: ('MESH:D005168', 'Disease') :: ['factor VII deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation disorder']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity7611 :: (MESH:D006712,Disease) :: ['Homocystinuria']


abstract: In @entity7611 , @entity715 is frequent (50% of the cases). The authors report a case of @entity3959 -synthetase deficiency-induced @entity7611 associated with @entity715 of a common iliac vein. This @entity1 presented with a @entity3459 which was related to severe @entity5630 and which was corrected by treatment. @entity7611 was @entity2764 independent as witnessed by the fact that Brand's reaction remained positive with @entity2245 therapy and @entity3959 . @entity3959 -synthetase activity measured in cultured fibroblasts increased only slightly with @entity2764 therapy. Treatment ( @entity7727 , @entity1501 , @entity2186 ) induced the disappearance of plasma @entity1853 . Clinically, the @entity1 whose treatment came late in the course of her disease, was only slightly improved. Hypotheses about etiopathogenic mechanisms of this disease are discussed. Difficulties of treatment and diet are reviewed. The relative inefficacy of therapy, even in case with early treatment, makes antenatal diagnosis preferable to neonatal diagnosis.

title: [ @entity7611 . A type with vascular @entity715 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity5630 :: (MESH:D005168,Disease) :: ['factor VII deficiency']


abstract: In @entity7611 , @entity715 is frequent (50% of the cases). The authors report a case of @entity3959 -synthetase deficiency-induced @entity7611 associated with @entity715 of a common iliac vein. This @entity1 presented with a @entity3459 which was related to severe @entity5630 and which was corrected by treatment. @entity7611 was @entity2764 independent as witnessed by the fact that Brand's reaction remained positive with @entity2245 therapy and @entity3959 . @entity3959 -synthetase activity measured in cultured fibroblasts increased only slightly with @entity2764 therapy. Treatment ( @entity7727 , @entity1501 , @entity2186 ) induced the disappearance of plasma @entity1853 . Clinically, the @entity1 whose treatment came late in the course of her disease, was only slightly improved. Hypotheses about etiopathogenic mechanisms of this disease are discussed. Difficulties of treatment and diet are reviewed. The relative inefficacy of therapy, even in case with early treatment, makes antenatal diagnosis preferable to neonatal diagnosis.

title: [ @entity7611 . A type with vascular XXXX and @entity5630 ].

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared gastrointestinal (GI) and @entity1503 in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity788 (LAPC) undergoing definitive chemoradiation using intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) planning. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively studied 205 @entity1 with LAPC undergoing IMRT (n = 134) and 3D-CRT (n = 71) between May 2003 and March 2012. @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment characteristics and acute GI/hematology @entity137 according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0, were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test association between acute grade 2+ GI and @entity1503 outcomes and predictors. Propensity score analysis for grade 2+ @entity344 was performed to reduce bias for confounding variables: age, gender, radiation dose, field size, and chemotherapy type. RESULTS: Median follow-up time for survivors was 22 months and was similar between groups. Median RT dose was significantly higher for IMRT versus 3D-CRT (5600 cGy vs 5040 cGy, P < .001); concurrent chemotherapy was mainly @entity136 (56%) or @entity1487 (38%). Grade 2+ @entity344 occurred in 34% (n = 24) of 3D-CRT compared with 16% (n = 21) of IMRT @entity1 . Using propensity score analysis, 3D-CRT had significantly higher grade 2+ @entity344 (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.45; P = .001). Grade 2+ @entity1503 was similar between IMRT and 3D-CRT groups, but was significantly greater in recipients of concurrent @entity136 than in @entity1487 (62% vs 29%, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: IMRT is associated with significant lower grade 2+ @entity344 versus 3D-CRT for @entity1 undergoing definitive chemoradiation therapy for LAPC. Because IMRT is better tolerated at higher doses and may allow further dose escalation, potentially improving local control for this @entity146 . Further prospective studies of dose-escalated chemoradiation using IMRT are warranted.

title: Intensity modulated radiation therapy reduces gastrointestinal @entity137 in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreas cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared gastrointestinal (GI) and @entity1503 in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity788 (LAPC) undergoing definitive chemoradiation using intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) planning. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively studied 205 @entity1 with LAPC undergoing IMRT (n = 134) and 3D-CRT (n = 71) between May 2003 and March 2012. @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment characteristics and acute GI/hematology @entity137 according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0, were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test association between acute grade 2+ GI and @entity1503 outcomes and predictors. Propensity score analysis for grade 2+ @entity344 was performed to reduce bias for confounding variables: age, gender, radiation dose, field size, and chemotherapy type. RESULTS: Median follow-up time for survivors was 22 months and was similar between groups. Median RT dose was significantly higher for IMRT versus 3D-CRT (5600 cGy vs 5040 cGy, P < .001); concurrent chemotherapy was mainly @entity136 (56%) or @entity1487 (38%). Grade 2+ @entity344 occurred in 34% (n = 24) of 3D-CRT compared with 16% (n = 21) of IMRT @entity1 . Using propensity score analysis, 3D-CRT had significantly higher grade 2+ @entity344 (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.45; P = .001). Grade 2+ @entity1503 was similar between IMRT and 3D-CRT groups, but was significantly greater in recipients of concurrent @entity136 than in @entity1487 (62% vs 29%, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: IMRT is associated with significant lower grade 2+ @entity344 versus 3D-CRT for @entity1 undergoing definitive chemoradiation therapy for LAPC. Because IMRT is better tolerated at higher doses and may allow further dose escalation, potentially improving local control for this @entity146 . Further prospective studies of dose-escalated chemoradiation using IMRT are warranted.

title: Intensity modulated radiation therapy reduces gastrointestinal XXXX in locally advanced @entity788 .

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current knowledge of the aetiology of @entity0 in the four main South African population groups (black, coloured, Indian and white) is limited. Risk assessments in the black, coloured and Indian population groups are challenging because of restricted information regarding the underlying genetic contributions to @entity0 in these populations. We focused this study on premenopausal @entity1 (diagnosed with @entity0 before the age of 50; n   =   78) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n   =   30) from the four South African ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of germline mutations in @entity5345 , @entity2674 and @entity9517 and to evaluate the presence of the @entity9516 @entity12096 allele in these @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 108 South African @entity0 @entity1 underwent mutation screening using a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in combination with Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to detect large rearrangements in @entity5345 and @entity2674 . RESULTS: In 13 (12  %) @entity1 a deleterious mutation in @entity6069 was detected, three of which were novel mutations in black @entity1 . None of the study @entity1 was found to have an unequivocal pathogenic mutation in @entity9517 . Two (white) @entity1 tested positive for the @entity9516 @entity12096 mutation, however, one of these also carried a deleterious @entity2674 mutation. Additionally, six variants of unknown clinical significance were identified (4 in @entity2674 , 2 in @entity9517 ), all in black @entity1 . Within the group of @entity0 @entity1 , a higher mutation frequency was obtained (23.3  %; 7/30) than in the group of @entity1 diagnosed before the age of 50 (7.7  %; 6/78). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of evaluating germline mutations in major @entity0 genes in all of the South African population groups. This NGS study shows that mutation analysis is warranted in South African @entity1 with triple negative and/or in @entity0 .

title: @entity5345 , @entity2674 and XXXX mutations and @entity9516 @entity12096 in different South African ethnic groups diagnosed with premenopausal and/or @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['inherited breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'TNBC', 'hereditary breast cancer', 'triple negative breast cancer', 'premenopausal breast cancer']

answer: @entity9517 :: (79728,Gene) :: ['PALB2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current knowledge of the aetiology of @entity0 in the four main South African population groups (black, coloured, Indian and white) is limited. Risk assessments in the black, coloured and Indian population groups are challenging because of restricted information regarding the underlying genetic contributions to @entity0 in these populations. We focused this study on premenopausal @entity1 (diagnosed with @entity0 before the age of 50; n   =   78) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n   =   30) from the four South African ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of germline mutations in @entity5345 , @entity2674 and @entity9517 and to evaluate the presence of the @entity9516 @entity12096 allele in these @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 108 South African @entity0 @entity1 underwent mutation screening using a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in combination with Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to detect large rearrangements in @entity5345 and @entity2674 . RESULTS: In 13 (12  %) @entity1 a deleterious mutation in @entity6069 was detected, three of which were novel mutations in black @entity1 . None of the study @entity1 was found to have an unequivocal pathogenic mutation in @entity9517 . Two (white) @entity1 tested positive for the @entity9516 @entity12096 mutation, however, one of these also carried a deleterious @entity2674 mutation. Additionally, six variants of unknown clinical significance were identified (4 in @entity2674 , 2 in @entity9517 ), all in black @entity1 . Within the group of @entity0 @entity1 , a higher mutation frequency was obtained (23.3  %; 7/30) than in the group of @entity1 diagnosed before the age of 50 (7.7  %; 6/78). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of evaluating germline mutations in major @entity0 genes in all of the South African population groups. This NGS study shows that mutation analysis is warranted in South African @entity1 with triple negative and/or in @entity0 .

title: @entity5345 , @entity2674 and @entity9517 mutations and @entity9516 XXXX in different South African ethnic groups diagnosed with premenopausal and/or @entity0 .

answer: @entity12096 :: (c|DEL|1100|C,DNAMutation) :: ['c.1100delC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current knowledge of the aetiology of @entity0 in the four main South African population groups (black, coloured, Indian and white) is limited. Risk assessments in the black, coloured and Indian population groups are challenging because of restricted information regarding the underlying genetic contributions to @entity0 in these populations. We focused this study on premenopausal @entity1 (diagnosed with @entity0 before the age of 50; n   =   78) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n   =   30) from the four South African ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of germline mutations in @entity5345 , @entity2674 and @entity9517 and to evaluate the presence of the @entity9516 @entity12096 allele in these @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 108 South African @entity0 @entity1 underwent mutation screening using a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in combination with Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to detect large rearrangements in @entity5345 and @entity2674 . RESULTS: In 13 (12  %) @entity1 a deleterious mutation in @entity6069 was detected, three of which were novel mutations in black @entity1 . None of the study @entity1 was found to have an unequivocal pathogenic mutation in @entity9517 . Two (white) @entity1 tested positive for the @entity9516 @entity12096 mutation, however, one of these also carried a deleterious @entity2674 mutation. Additionally, six variants of unknown clinical significance were identified (4 in @entity2674 , 2 in @entity9517 ), all in black @entity1 . Within the group of @entity0 @entity1 , a higher mutation frequency was obtained (23.3  %; 7/30) than in the group of @entity1 diagnosed before the age of 50 (7.7  %; 6/78). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of evaluating germline mutations in major @entity0 genes in all of the South African population groups. This NGS study shows that mutation analysis is warranted in South African @entity1 with triple negative and/or in @entity0 .

title: @entity5345 , @entity2674 and @entity9517 mutations and XXXX @entity12096 in different South African ethnic groups diagnosed with premenopausal and/or @entity0 .

answer: @entity9516 :: (11200,Gene) :: ['CHEK2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current knowledge of the aetiology of @entity0 in the four main South African population groups (black, coloured, Indian and white) is limited. Risk assessments in the black, coloured and Indian population groups are challenging because of restricted information regarding the underlying genetic contributions to @entity0 in these populations. We focused this study on premenopausal @entity1 (diagnosed with @entity0 before the age of 50; n   =   78) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n   =   30) from the four South African ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of germline mutations in @entity5345 , @entity2674 and @entity9517 and to evaluate the presence of the @entity9516 @entity12096 allele in these @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 108 South African @entity0 @entity1 underwent mutation screening using a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in combination with Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to detect large rearrangements in @entity5345 and @entity2674 . RESULTS: In 13 (12  %) @entity1 a deleterious mutation in @entity6069 was detected, three of which were novel mutations in black @entity1 . None of the study @entity1 was found to have an unequivocal pathogenic mutation in @entity9517 . Two (white) @entity1 tested positive for the @entity9516 @entity12096 mutation, however, one of these also carried a deleterious @entity2674 mutation. Additionally, six variants of unknown clinical significance were identified (4 in @entity2674 , 2 in @entity9517 ), all in black @entity1 . Within the group of @entity0 @entity1 , a higher mutation frequency was obtained (23.3  %; 7/30) than in the group of @entity1 diagnosed before the age of 50 (7.7  %; 6/78). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of evaluating germline mutations in major @entity0 genes in all of the South African population groups. This NGS study shows that mutation analysis is warranted in South African @entity1 with triple negative and/or in @entity0 .

title: XXXX , @entity2674 and @entity9517 mutations and @entity9516 @entity12096 in different South African ethnic groups diagnosed with premenopausal and/or @entity0 .

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current knowledge of the aetiology of @entity0 in the four main South African population groups (black, coloured, Indian and white) is limited. Risk assessments in the black, coloured and Indian population groups are challenging because of restricted information regarding the underlying genetic contributions to @entity0 in these populations. We focused this study on premenopausal @entity1 (diagnosed with @entity0 before the age of 50; n   =   78) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n   =   30) from the four South African ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of germline mutations in @entity5345 , @entity2674 and @entity9517 and to evaluate the presence of the @entity9516 @entity12096 allele in these @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 108 South African @entity0 @entity1 underwent mutation screening using a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in combination with Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to detect large rearrangements in @entity5345 and @entity2674 . RESULTS: In 13 (12  %) @entity1 a deleterious mutation in @entity6069 was detected, three of which were novel mutations in black @entity1 . None of the study @entity1 was found to have an unequivocal pathogenic mutation in @entity9517 . Two (white) @entity1 tested positive for the @entity9516 @entity12096 mutation, however, one of these also carried a deleterious @entity2674 mutation. Additionally, six variants of unknown clinical significance were identified (4 in @entity2674 , 2 in @entity9517 ), all in black @entity1 . Within the group of @entity0 @entity1 , a higher mutation frequency was obtained (23.3  %; 7/30) than in the group of @entity1 diagnosed before the age of 50 (7.7  %; 6/78). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of evaluating germline mutations in major @entity0 genes in all of the South African population groups. This NGS study shows that mutation analysis is warranted in South African @entity1 with triple negative and/or in @entity0 .

title: @entity5345 , @entity2674 and @entity9517 mutations and @entity9516 @entity12096 in different South African ethnic groups diagnosed with premenopausal and/or XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['triple negative breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current knowledge of the aetiology of @entity0 in the four main South African population groups (black, coloured, Indian and white) is limited. Risk assessments in the black, coloured and Indian population groups are challenging because of restricted information regarding the underlying genetic contributions to @entity0 in these populations. We focused this study on premenopausal @entity1 (diagnosed with @entity0 before the age of 50; n   =   78) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n   =   30) from the four South African ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of germline mutations in @entity5345 , @entity2674 and @entity9517 and to evaluate the presence of the @entity9516 @entity12096 allele in these @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 108 South African @entity0 @entity1 underwent mutation screening using a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in combination with Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to detect large rearrangements in @entity5345 and @entity2674 . RESULTS: In 13 (12  %) @entity1 a deleterious mutation in @entity6069 was detected, three of which were novel mutations in black @entity1 . None of the study @entity1 was found to have an unequivocal pathogenic mutation in @entity9517 . Two (white) @entity1 tested positive for the @entity9516 @entity12096 mutation, however, one of these also carried a deleterious @entity2674 mutation. Additionally, six variants of unknown clinical significance were identified (4 in @entity2674 , 2 in @entity9517 ), all in black @entity1 . Within the group of @entity0 @entity1 , a higher mutation frequency was obtained (23.3  %; 7/30) than in the group of @entity1 diagnosed before the age of 50 (7.7  %; 6/78). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of evaluating germline mutations in major @entity0 genes in all of the South African population groups. This NGS study shows that mutation analysis is warranted in South African @entity1 with triple negative and/or in @entity0 .

title: @entity5345 , XXXX and @entity9517 mutations and @entity9516 @entity12096 in different South African ethnic groups diagnosed with premenopausal and/or @entity0 .

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ) show complete resolution of radiographic lesions with treatment, but some @entity1 do not respond to treatment and progress to @entity3794 . The authors investigated the prognostic implication of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) features in this condition. METHOD: We reviewed the high-resolution CT findings of 26 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3616 by histopathology, who had radiographic follow-up for a median of 44 weeks after treatment. We scored the presence and extent of each pretreatment high-resolution CT finding (ground-glass opacity, consolidation, nodules, @entity231 , and honeycombing). The predominant pattern and distribution of the lesions were recorded. Follow-up radiographs were used to determine whether the parenchymal abnormalities had regressed or progressed in response to treatment. RESULTS: Of the 26 @entity1 , 9 had persistent or progressive parenchymal abnormalities at follow-up (group 1), whereas 17 had complete or partial @entity854 (group 2). Consolidation was present on the initial CT scan in 14 (82%) of the 17 @entity1 in group 2, but in only 2 of the 9 @entity1 in group 1 (P = 0.009). None of the 6 @entity1 who had @entity854 as the predominant pattern on initial CT showed complete resolution on follow-up imaging (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity3616 , the CT finding of consolidation is associated with partial or complete resolution, whereas @entity231 is associated with persistent or progressive disease.

title: XXXX : prognostic implication of high-resolution computed tomography features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['reticular opacity']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['organizing pneumonia', 'OP']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['resolution of abnormalities', 'reticular abnormality']

answer: @entity3616 :: (MESH:D018549,Disease) :: ['Organizing pneumonia']


abstract: @entity409 is a known but uncommon element in the course of @entity15 . @entity409 has been described during the chronic progressive phase and during the relapse phase. We report five @entity1 with clinically definite @entity15 who developed transient @entity74 during the relapse phase of their disease. Agueusia occurred as one of the first symptoms in three @entity1 , revealing the disease. Symptoms generally improved with remission or corticosteroid administration. These disorders are due to demyelinating lesions of the gustatory pathways in the thalamus or brainstem. MRI studies were not performed during the relapse phase and no clinical neuroimaging correlations could be established. Agueusia may be accompanied by @entity4838 which is due to plaque demyelinization of the olfactory pathways, particularly in the temporal and @entity75 . @entity1702 can also be observed in other diseases, including @entity262 such as @entity370 or Sjogr  n's syndrome. Drug-induced @entity74 are also reported.

title: [ @entity74 during XXXX relapse].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior frontal lobes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Gustatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['Taste anomalies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['gustatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity409 is a known but uncommon element in the course of @entity15 . @entity409 has been described during the chronic progressive phase and during the relapse phase. We report five @entity1 with clinically definite @entity15 who developed transient @entity74 during the relapse phase of their disease. Agueusia occurred as one of the first symptoms in three @entity1 , revealing the disease. Symptoms generally improved with remission or corticosteroid administration. These disorders are due to demyelinating lesions of the gustatory pathways in the thalamus or brainstem. MRI studies were not performed during the relapse phase and no clinical neuroimaging correlations could be established. Agueusia may be accompanied by @entity4838 which is due to plaque demyelinization of the olfactory pathways, particularly in the temporal and @entity75 . @entity1702 can also be observed in other diseases, including @entity262 such as @entity370 or Sjogr  n's syndrome. Drug-induced @entity74 are also reported.

title: [ XXXX during @entity15 relapse].

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Gustatory disorders']


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of @entity28 and @entity3190 and their association with lipid profile alterations on apparently healthy individuals from Maracaibo, Venezuela. We evaluated 306 @entity1 and 41 @entity1 , ages ranging from 33 to 65 years. All subjects underwent cardiovascular evaluation and laboratory examination after 10-12 h fasting, for glycaemia, total @entity165 , TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C and HDL-C as well as insulin. Seventy-four percent of @entity1 and 56.1% of @entity1 showed @entity28 (BMI > 25 Kg/m2). @entity1 showed high concentrations of TG (48.3%), total @entity165 (40.2%), VLDL-C (48.3%) and LDL-C (33.9%) and low HDL-C levels (48%). The most frequent alteration on the lipid profile in @entity1 was high total @entity165 (46%) and LDL-C (51.2%). @entity1 had significantly higher insulin concentrations than @entity1 (p < 0.005). After they were classified as @entity28 , the @entity28 subjects ( @entity1 and @entity1 ) showed higher prevalence of lipid profile alterations and insulin concentrations than non @entity28 . The insulin concentration in @entity28 @entity1 correlated with BMI, TG, VLDL-C and HDL and, in @entity1 with BMI, TG and VLDL-C. In conclusion, a high percentage of @entity1 and @entity1 in this study showed @entity28 and this @entity28 , specially in @entity1 , was strongly associated with lipid profile alterations and high insulin concentrations both well known cardiovascular risk factors.

title: [Prevalence of @entity28 and XXXX : its association with serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in healthy individuals from Maracaibo, Venezuela].

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity', 'obese or non obese']

answer: @entity3190 :: (MESH:D006946,Disease) :: ['hyperinsulinemia']


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of @entity28 and @entity3190 and their association with lipid profile alterations on apparently healthy individuals from Maracaibo, Venezuela. We evaluated 306 @entity1 and 41 @entity1 , ages ranging from 33 to 65 years. All subjects underwent cardiovascular evaluation and laboratory examination after 10-12 h fasting, for glycaemia, total @entity165 , TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C and HDL-C as well as insulin. Seventy-four percent of @entity1 and 56.1% of @entity1 showed @entity28 (BMI > 25 Kg/m2). @entity1 showed high concentrations of TG (48.3%), total @entity165 (40.2%), VLDL-C (48.3%) and LDL-C (33.9%) and low HDL-C levels (48%). The most frequent alteration on the lipid profile in @entity1 was high total @entity165 (46%) and LDL-C (51.2%). @entity1 had significantly higher insulin concentrations than @entity1 (p < 0.005). After they were classified as @entity28 , the @entity28 subjects ( @entity1 and @entity1 ) showed higher prevalence of lipid profile alterations and insulin concentrations than non @entity28 . The insulin concentration in @entity28 @entity1 correlated with BMI, TG, VLDL-C and HDL and, in @entity1 with BMI, TG and VLDL-C. In conclusion, a high percentage of @entity1 and @entity1 in this study showed @entity28 and this @entity28 , specially in @entity1 , was strongly associated with lipid profile alterations and high insulin concentrations both well known cardiovascular risk factors.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX and @entity3190 : its association with serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in healthy individuals from Maracaibo, Venezuela].

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A study of the topological effects, viz., the Jahn-Teller (JT) and @entity72464 ( @entity72464 ) effects, in CO2(+) has been carried out by calculating nonadiabatic coupling terms (NACTs) at the state-averaged CASSCF level using the cc-pVTZ basis set for the lowest three A' states and one A    state along a circular contour. Using the NACTs, the privileged adiabatic-to-diabatic transformation (ADT) angles (y12) for 1A' and 2A' states of @entity3158 (+) have been calculated along various circular contours. Employing one of the @entity26 atoms as the test particle exposed two conical intersections (ci) located on each side of the CO diatom. The main purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of forming reliable diabatic potential energy surfaces for this system. Success in achieving this goal is guaranteed by the ability to calculate quantized privileged ADT angles along closed contours covering large regions in configuration space (see, e.g., J. Phys. Chem. A 2014 , 118 , 6361 ). The calculations were carried out for two and three JT states. In most cases very nice quantization has been achieved although the calculations were frequently done, as required, for large regions in configuration space (sometimes >= 18   (2)). In one case, for which the quantization was not gratifying, the inclusion of the @entity72464 effect modified it considerably.

title: Study of Topological Effects Concerning the Lowest A    and the Three A' States for the XXXX Ion.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity72464 :: ('MESH:C537889', 'Disease') :: ['Renner-Teller', 'RT']

answer: @entity3158 :: (D002245,Chemical) :: ['CO2(+)']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Many guidelines for clinical decisions are hierarchical and nonlinear. Evaluating if these guidelines are used in practice requires methods that can identify such structures and thresholds. Classification and regression trees ( @entity18527 ) were used to analyse prescribing patterns of Australian general practitioners (GPs) for the primary prevention of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Our aim was to identify if GPs use absolute risk (AR) guidelines in favour of individual risk factors to inform their prescribing decisions of lipid-lowering medications. METHODS: We employed administrative prescribing information that is linked to @entity1 -level data from a clinical assessment and @entity1 survey (the AusHeart Study), and assessed prescribing of lipid-lowering medications over a 12-month period for @entity1 (n  =  1903) who were not using such medications prior to recruitment. @entity18527 models were developed to explain prescribing practice. Out-of-sample performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and optimised via pruning. RESULTS: We found that individual risk factors (low-density lipoprotein, @entity6 , @entity1674 and a history of @entity65 ), GP-estimated rather than Framingham AR, and sociodemographic factors (household income, education) were the predominant drivers of GP prescribing. However, sociodemographic factors and some individual risk factors ( @entity1674 and @entity65 history) only become relevant for @entity1 with a particular profile of other risk factors. The ROC area under the curve was 0.63 (95  % confidence interval [CI] 0.60-0.64). CONCLUSIONS: There is little evidence that AR guidelines recommended by the National Heart Foundation and National @entity455 Prevention Alliance, or conditional individual risk eligibility guidelines from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, are adopted in prescribing practice. The hierarchy of conditional relationships between risk factors and socioeconomic factors identified by @entity18527 provides new insights into prescribing decisions. Overall, @entity18527 is a useful addition to the analyst's toolkit when investigating healthcare decisions.

title: Using Classification and Regression Trees ( @entity18527 ) to Identify Prescribing Thresholds for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular Disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Many guidelines for clinical decisions are hierarchical and nonlinear. Evaluating if these guidelines are used in practice requires methods that can identify such structures and thresholds. Classification and regression trees ( @entity18527 ) were used to analyse prescribing patterns of Australian general practitioners (GPs) for the primary prevention of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Our aim was to identify if GPs use absolute risk (AR) guidelines in favour of individual risk factors to inform their prescribing decisions of lipid-lowering medications. METHODS: We employed administrative prescribing information that is linked to @entity1 -level data from a clinical assessment and @entity1 survey (the AusHeart Study), and assessed prescribing of lipid-lowering medications over a 12-month period for @entity1 (n  =  1903) who were not using such medications prior to recruitment. @entity18527 models were developed to explain prescribing practice. Out-of-sample performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and optimised via pruning. RESULTS: We found that individual risk factors (low-density lipoprotein, @entity6 , @entity1674 and a history of @entity65 ), GP-estimated rather than Framingham AR, and sociodemographic factors (household income, education) were the predominant drivers of GP prescribing. However, sociodemographic factors and some individual risk factors ( @entity1674 and @entity65 history) only become relevant for @entity1 with a particular profile of other risk factors. The ROC area under the curve was 0.63 (95  % confidence interval [CI] 0.60-0.64). CONCLUSIONS: There is little evidence that AR guidelines recommended by the National Heart Foundation and National @entity455 Prevention Alliance, or conditional individual risk eligibility guidelines from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, are adopted in prescribing practice. The hierarchy of conditional relationships between risk factors and socioeconomic factors identified by @entity18527 provides new insights into prescribing decisions. Overall, @entity18527 is a useful addition to the analyst's toolkit when investigating healthcare decisions.

title: Using Classification and Regression Trees ( XXXX ) to Identify Prescribing Thresholds for @entity65 .

answer: @entity18527 :: (9607,Gene) :: ['CART']


abstract: A gradual decrement in @entity2339 is observed following repeated exposure to the same stressor, such as repeated restraint. This decrement, termed habituation, may be partly due to alterations in @entity2819 -mediated negative feedback inhibition of the @entity2339 . We have previously found that the posterior division of the paraventricular thalamus (pPVTh) regulates habituated HPA activity without altering HPA responses to acute stress. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the role of the pPVTh in delayed feedback inhibition of plasma @entity2819 responses to repeated restraint. @entity619 was administered subcutaneously 2 h prior to 30 min restraint to induce delayed negative feedback inhibition of the @entity2339 . In the first experiment, we determined that a 0.05-mg/kg dose of @entity619 produced submaximal suppression of @entity2819 responses to acute restraint and used this dose in the remainder of the experiments. In Experiment 2, we examined @entity619 -induced feedback inhibition to @entity2819 responses to a single or eighth restraint exposure since negative feedback functions in chronically stressed @entity35 are not well studied. We found that @entity2819 levels following @entity619 treatment were similar in repeatedly restrained compared to acutely restrained @entity35 . In Experiment 3, we lesioned the pPVTh and examined @entity619 -induced feedback inhibition of @entity2819 responses to a single or eighth exposure to restraint. pPVTh lesions attenuated @entity619 -induced inhibition of @entity2819 at 30 min in chronically stressed @entity35 but had no effect in acutely stressed @entity35 . These data suggest that negative feedback functions are maintained in @entity35 exposed to repeated restraint and implicate the pPVTh as a site that contributes to these negative feedback functions specifically under chronic stress conditions.

title: Negative feedback functions in chronically stressed XXXX : role of the posterior paraventricular thalamus.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1 undergoing splenectomy have increased operative morbidity and mortality, especially when associated with gastrointestinal surgery or injury. This present study was designed to assess the effect of splenectomy on mortality in a polymicrobial @entity298 model and evaluate therapy with antibiotic ( @entity3398 ) or immunomodulation (glucan). @entity1 stool-barium (0.15 cc) was placed in the peritoneum of @entity35 at the time of splenectomy or sham surgery. Splenectomy animals were then treated with 5% @entity413 , @entity3398 (60 mg im q 6 hr), glucan (7.5 mg ip prior to surgery), or @entity3398 plus glucan. Splenectomy resulted in decreased survival (5% vs 30%, P less than 0.05). Treatment with @entity3398 (90%) or glucan (47%) significantly improved survival. Combined glucan- @entity3398 therapy had no improvement over @entity3398 alone. Peritoneal and blood cultures were performed 12 hr postoperatively. There were no significant differences in growth of bacteria between sham and splenectomy animals. @entity3398 treatment resulted in lower growth of bacteria from both blood and peritoneum (P less than 0.05). Glucan treatment caused a significant @entity393 (P less than 0.05). Intravascular colloidal @entity505 clearance and leucocyte counts were performed at 12 hr postoperatively. Presence of @entity298 significantly enhanced intravascular clearance, while splenectomy had no effect. Addition of glucan or @entity3398 therapy to splenectomy animals did not enhance intravascular clearance. Leucocyte counts were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) when splenectomy was added to @entity298 animals. Glucan and @entity3398 therapy did not increase leucocyte counts. Based on these studies we conclude that (1) splenectomy increases mortality in @entity298 , (2) antibiotic and immunomodulator afford some protection, and (3) exact mechanism of protection remains unclear.

title: Adverse effect of splenectomy in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['fecal peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin', 'Cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in the number of bloodborne bacteria']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: The regulation of the compatible solute transport systems in @entity5125 by the stress-inducible sigma factor sigma(B) was investigated. Using wild-type strain 10403S and an otherwise isogenic strain carrying an in-frame deletion in sigB, we have examined the role of sigma(B) in regulating the ability of cells to utilize betaine and @entity6211 during growth under conditions of hyperosmotic stress. Cells lacking sigma(B) were defective for the utilization of @entity6211 but retained the ability to utilize betaine as an osmoprotectant. When compatible solute transport studies were performed, the initial rates of uptake of both betaine and @entity6211 were found to be reduced in the sigB mutant; @entity6211 transport was almost abolished, whereas betaine transport was reduced to approximately 50% of that of the parent strain. Analysis of the cytoplasmic pools of compatible solutes during balanced growth revealed that both @entity6211 and betaine steady-state pools were reduced in the sigB mutant. Transcriptional reporter fusions to the opuC (which encodes an ABC @entity6211 transporter) and betL (which encodes an a secondary betaine transporter) operons were generated by using a promoterless copy of the gus gene from @entity526 . Measurement of beta-glucuronidase activities directed by opuC-gus and betL-gus revealed that transcription of opuC is largely sigma(B) dependent, consistent with the existence of a potential sigma(B) consensus promoter motif upstream from opuCA. The transcription of betL was found to be sigB independent. Reverse transcriptase PCR experiments confirmed these data and indicated that the transcription of all three known compatible solute uptake systems (opuC, betL, and gbu), as well as a gene that is predicted to encode a compatible solute transporter subunit (lmo1421) is induced in response to elevated osmolarity. The osmotic induction of opuCA and lmo1421 was found to be strongly sigma(B) dependent. Together these observations suggest that sigma(B) plays a major role in the regulation of @entity6211 utilization by @entity5125 but is not essential for betaine utilization by this pathogen.

title: Role of sigmaB in regulating the compatible solute uptake systems of XXXX : osmotic induction of opuC is sigmaB dependent.

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is a progressive disease leading to loss of glomerular filtration rate (/\GFR, measured in ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year). /\GFR is usually assumed to be constant, but the hyperfiltration theory suggests that it accelerates in severe uraemia. A retrospective analysis of estimated GFR (eGFR) calculated from the Modification of Diet in @entity8 equation was performed to evaluate whether /\GFR is constant or accelerating. METHODS: 1,441 @entity1 attending a nephrology clinic over a 21-year period, with an initial eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and an observation period >= 2 years, were included. eGFR was calculated from all creatinine measurements. 420 @entity1 developed @entity454 ( @entity454 ). First- and second-order polynomial regression analysis of eGFR against time was performed for each @entity1 individually. @entity1 had accelerating uraemia progression if the second-order term coefficient was negative. RESULTS: The initial eGFR was 30.8   15.1 ml/min/1.73 m(2). The second-order coefficient was median -0.15 ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year(2) (interquartile range -0.92, +0.34). Significantly more @entity1 had an accelerating loss (62%, p < 0.001). Acceleration was mainly seen when eGFR was <30 ml/min. /\GFR was mean 1.47    4.5 ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year (male 1.67, female 1.22). @entity454 @entity1 lost 5.4    5.4 ml/min/year/1.73 m(2) during the last year before @entity454 . Accelerating loss was seen for all diagnoses except @entity8767 . Diagnoses with higher /\GFR were @entity8 (3.3 ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year), hypertensive @entity8 (2.1 ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year) and @entity2316 (2.6 ml/min/ 1.73 m(2)/year). There was no evidence of improvement in overall uraemia progression during the period of observation. CONCLUSIONS: Uraemia progression in @entity740 stages 3-5 is not linear, but shows an accelerating trend. This suggests that hyperfiltration mechanisms play a role in @entity740 progression. @entity454 cannot thus be predicted from previous /\GFR alone.

title: Uraemia progression in XXXX stages 3-5 is not constant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'Renal Disease', 'polycystic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity8767 :: ('MESH:D007690', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of dynamic ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of @entity1494 and to compare dynamic US with urodynamic study, which is considered to be the standard in the diagnosis of @entity1494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Images from 71 pairs of examinations in 63 @entity1 (median age, 7.9 years; range 1.0-17.4 years) were included in the study. After the @entity1 consumed adequate fluids in an appropriate environment, natural filling of the bladder occurred, and dynamic US was used to evaluate detrusor activity, determine capacity of the bladder, and estimate residual urine volume. A urodynamic study was performed in every @entity1 within 6 months of dynamic US and under the same treatment conditions. The paired Student t test was used to compare the maximal cystometric capacity values obtained with the two examinations. Analysis of validity was performed with the calculation of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and their respective 95% confidence limits. RESULTS: The bladder capacity was not significantly different between dynamic US and urodynamic study (P =.12). Analysis of validity for the determination of the presence of clinically substantial residual urine showed 97.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity for dynamic US. The sensitivity and specificity of dynamic US in the detection of involuntary detrusor contraction were 93.0% and 88.9%, respectively. In the analysis of involuntary detrusor contraction with urine leakage, dynamic US showed sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.8%. CONCLUSION: Dynamic US is a sensitive method for the diagnosis of @entity1494 .

title: XXXX : diagnosis with dynamic US.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['Bladder dysfunction']