abstract: INTRODUCTION: In @entity1 with @entity741 , a severe @entity67 is associated with a higher operative risk and to a worse late clinical outcome. However, when there is sufficient viable myocardium, surgical revascularization can improve ventricular performance and above all the functional capacity and survival of these @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To analyze long-term results of a large series of @entity1 with an ejection fraction < or = 0.30 that underwent isolated coronary artery bypass surgery and to investigate factors, mainly clinical, that determined favorable clinical results: being that the @entity1 was alive and free of incapacitating symptoms. @entity1 AND METHODS: This series included 100 @entity1 , 93 males and 7 females, with a mean age of 62 +/- 8 years. The predominant clinical manifestation was @entity951 in 37, @entity712 in 22 and both in 41. Seventy-nine @entity1 were in functional class III or IV, and 19 had emergency surgery. RESULTS: There were 10 in-hospital deaths, 6 of which occurred in @entity1 who had emergency surgery. Mortality in the elective cases was 4.9%. Only age (p < 0.05), functional class (p < 0.05) and emergency surgery (p < 0.0001) were identified as independent predictors of early mortality. Actuarial survival rates after 5 and 8 years were 65 and 52% respectively. Long-term clinical outcome was considered favorable in 66 @entity1 . We did not find any preoperative clinical variables that were predictors of the clinical outcome. Only preoperative @entity339 correlated with a poor long-term clinical result. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with chronic and severe @entity67 secondary to @entity453 have an acceptable surgical risk when they are operated on electively, before their clinical condition deteriorates. Long-term results are satisfactory in the majority of the @entity1 . In these types of @entity1 clinical manifestations are of limited value in the selection process for surgical revascularization.

title: [Severe chronic XXXX . Determinants of surgical risk and long-term clinical outcome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ischemic ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of endoscopic therapy, liver transplantation, and @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) on @entity1 selection and outcome of surgical treatment for this complication of @entity101 , as reflected in a single surgeon's 18-year experience with operations for @entity548 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Definitive treatment of @entity1 who bleed from @entity101 has been progressively altered during the past 2 decades during which endoscopic therapy, liver transplantation, and @entity5273 have successively become available as alternative treatment options to operative portosystemic shunts and devascularization procedures. METHODS: Two hundred sixty-three consecutive @entity1 who were surgically treated for portal @entity101 @entity548 between 1978 and 1996 were reviewed retrospectively. Four @entity35952 separated by the dates when endoscopic therapy (January 1981), liver transplantation (July 1985), and @entity5273 (January 1993) became available in our institution were analyzed. Throughout all four @entity35952 , a selective operative approach, using the distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS), nonselective shunts, and esophagogastric devascularization, was taken. The most common indications for nonselective shunts and esophagogastric devascularization were medically intractable ascites and @entity49 , respectively. Most other @entity1 received a DSRS. RESULTS: The risk status ( @entity1 's class) of @entity1 undergoing surgery progressively improved (p = 0.001) throughout the 4 @entity35952 , whereas the need for emergency surgery declined (p = 0.002). The percentage of nonselective shunts performed decreased because better options to manage acute @entity548 episodes (sclerotherapy, @entity5273 ) and advanced @entity409 complicated by ascites (liver transplantation, @entity5273 ) became available (p = 0.009). In all @entity35952 , the operative mortality rate was directly related to @entity1 's class (A, 2.7%; B, 7.5%; and C, 26.1 %) (p = 0.001). As more good-risk @entity1 underwent operations for @entity548 , the incidence of postoperative @entity75 decreased (p = 0.015), and long-term survival improved (p = 0.012), especially since liver transplantation became available to salvage @entity1 who developed @entity1578 after a prior surgical procedure. There were no differences between @entity35952 with respect to rebleeding or shunt occlusion. Distal splenorenal shunts (p = 0.004) and nonselective shunts (p = 0.001) were more protective against rebleeding than was esophagogastric devascularization. CONCLUSIONS: The sequential introduction of endoscopic therapy, liver transplantation, and @entity5273 has resulted in better selection and improved results with respect to quality and length of survival for @entity1 treated surgically for @entity548 . Despite these innovations, portosystemic shunts and esophagogastric devascularization remain important and effective options for selected @entity1 with @entity548 secondary to @entity101 .

title: The changing spectrum of treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage', 'variceal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['variceal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 (pts) with interatrial septal repair (ASR) and /or multiple prior transseptal puncture (MTSP) are being referred for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation. We examine the feasibility of repeat TSP in these settings. METHODS: Records were reviewed from a single center from 2001 to 2012. Criteria for MTSP was >2 priorAF ablation procedures and criteria for ASR was prior surgical or percutaneous interatrial septal repair. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) was used for all procedures. Repeat transseptal puncture (TSP) outcomes were classified as 1) routine, 2) challenging (additional tools, sheaths, multiple attempts) 3) failed, or 4) complicated (adverse event possibly related to TSP). Five hundred pts selected at random over the same time period undergoing 1(st) @entity955 without history of prior cardiac surgery were used as control. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-one pts met criteria (MTSP = 224; ASR = 27). TSP was routinely accomplished in majority [212 pts (95%) in MTSP; 20 pts (74%) in ASR]. In the MTSP group, the number of challenging/failed cases increased proportionately with number of prior @entity955 procedures. There were no complications in the @entity70684 (1%) in MTSP. This was not different from that in the control arm [n = 6 (1%); p = ns). Pericardial effusion was the only complication seen in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the majority of pts with scarred and/or repaired IAS, repeat TSP can be routinely accomplished using ICE guidance without any other special tools. Although repeat TSP can be occasionally difficult in pts with MTSP and ASR, it can be accomplished in the majority without serious complications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Feasibility of Transseptal Access in XXXX with Previously Scarred or Repaired Inter-atrial Septum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['AF ablation', 'atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate factors that might influence serum @entity1760 levels during intravenous @entity2399 tocolytic therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-three @entity1 receiving @entity2399 for @entity3152 participated in this prospective, observational study. Gestational ages were 24 to 34 weeks. Four groups of @entity1 were identified according to the maintenance @entity1760 infusion rate required for arresting @entity3152 after 5 g of therapy induction: 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 g/h. Serum @entity1760 samples were drawn after a predefined period of at least 18 hours of arrested @entity3152 , at a minimum of every 6 hours. Variables examined included serum albumin; serum protein; serum ionized @entity460 ; serum @entity1011 ; @entity1011 clearance; 24-hour urine output; maternal height, weight, body surface area; and body mass index. RESULTS: By use of a multivariate stepwise regression model we identified four variables that independently and significantly contributed to the model: @entity1760 infusion rate (P < .001); total serum protein level (P < .001); serum @entity1011 level (P = .009); and maternal weight squared (P = .026). Seventy-two percent of the variance was accounted for by use of these parameters. A predictive linear model, developed to relate these factors, produced the following formula: Suggested @entity1760 infusion rate = 0.89 x Serum @entity1760 concentration (mg/dL) - 3.16 x Serum @entity1011 (mg/dL) - 0.66 x Serum total proteins (g/dL) + 0.0001 x (maternal weight)2 (kg) + 2.30. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity1011 , serum protein, and maternal weight can be used to adjust the dose of @entity2399 in @entity1 with @entity3152 to achieve therapeutic serum levels of @entity1760 more rapidly and safely.

title: Adjustment of @entity2399 infusion rate in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['premature labor', 'preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate factors that might influence serum @entity1760 levels during intravenous @entity2399 tocolytic therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-three @entity1 receiving @entity2399 for @entity3152 participated in this prospective, observational study. Gestational ages were 24 to 34 weeks. Four groups of @entity1 were identified according to the maintenance @entity1760 infusion rate required for arresting @entity3152 after 5 g of therapy induction: 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 g/h. Serum @entity1760 samples were drawn after a predefined period of at least 18 hours of arrested @entity3152 , at a minimum of every 6 hours. Variables examined included serum albumin; serum protein; serum ionized @entity460 ; serum @entity1011 ; @entity1011 clearance; 24-hour urine output; maternal height, weight, body surface area; and body mass index. RESULTS: By use of a multivariate stepwise regression model we identified four variables that independently and significantly contributed to the model: @entity1760 infusion rate (P < .001); total serum protein level (P < .001); serum @entity1011 level (P = .009); and maternal weight squared (P = .026). Seventy-two percent of the variance was accounted for by use of these parameters. A predictive linear model, developed to relate these factors, produced the following formula: Suggested @entity1760 infusion rate = 0.89 x Serum @entity1760 concentration (mg/dL) - 3.16 x Serum @entity1011 (mg/dL) - 0.66 x Serum total proteins (g/dL) + 0.0001 x (maternal weight)2 (kg) + 2.30. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity1011 , serum protein, and maternal weight can be used to adjust the dose of @entity2399 in @entity1 with @entity3152 to achieve therapeutic serum levels of @entity1760 more rapidly and safely.

title: Adjustment of XXXX infusion rate in @entity1 with @entity3152 .

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulfate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate factors that might influence serum @entity1760 levels during intravenous @entity2399 tocolytic therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-three @entity1 receiving @entity2399 for @entity3152 participated in this prospective, observational study. Gestational ages were 24 to 34 weeks. Four groups of @entity1 were identified according to the maintenance @entity1760 infusion rate required for arresting @entity3152 after 5 g of therapy induction: 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 g/h. Serum @entity1760 samples were drawn after a predefined period of at least 18 hours of arrested @entity3152 , at a minimum of every 6 hours. Variables examined included serum albumin; serum protein; serum ionized @entity460 ; serum @entity1011 ; @entity1011 clearance; 24-hour urine output; maternal height, weight, body surface area; and body mass index. RESULTS: By use of a multivariate stepwise regression model we identified four variables that independently and significantly contributed to the model: @entity1760 infusion rate (P < .001); total serum protein level (P < .001); serum @entity1011 level (P = .009); and maternal weight squared (P = .026). Seventy-two percent of the variance was accounted for by use of these parameters. A predictive linear model, developed to relate these factors, produced the following formula: Suggested @entity1760 infusion rate = 0.89 x Serum @entity1760 concentration (mg/dL) - 3.16 x Serum @entity1011 (mg/dL) - 0.66 x Serum total proteins (g/dL) + 0.0001 x (maternal weight)2 (kg) + 2.30. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity1011 , serum protein, and maternal weight can be used to adjust the dose of @entity2399 in @entity1 with @entity3152 to achieve therapeutic serum levels of @entity1760 more rapidly and safely.

title: Adjustment of @entity2399 infusion rate in XXXX with @entity3152 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity86 remains the most devastating complication of surgery of the descending and thoraco-abdominal aorta. Control of the proximal @entity101 that follows cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta to repain @entity439 of the descending and thoraco-abdominal aorta is necessary to prevent @entity1002 , @entity583 , and @entity548 cerebral events. Both pharmacological and mechanical modalities used to control central @entity101 during @entity432 affect cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and spinal cord perfusion pressure. @entity1854 (doses >5 microg/kg/min), the most widely used pharmacological agent, decreases spinal cord perfusion pressure because it increases cerebrospinal fluid pressure and decreases blood pressure distal to the aortic cross-clamp. This effect cannot be prevented by drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. @entity1242 also decreases spinal cord perfusion pressure, but its effects on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics can be countered by drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. Active distal perfusion with left @entity2096 bypass can provide adequate perfusion of the circulation distal to the aortic cross-clamp while simultaneously reducing cerebrospinal fluid pressure. This approach can maintain mesenteric and spinal cord blood flow, therefore preventing the @entity881 caused by release of cytokines from the splanchnic district and decreasing the incidence of postoperative @entity451 from @entity2759 . In cases of limited retroperfusion, partial exsanguination and cerebrospinal fluid drainage can be used in conjunction with left @entity2096 bypass to prevent rises in cerebrospinal fluid pressure and maintain spinal cord blood flow above the threshold necessary to prevent @entity16 . The use of oxygenated @entity11997 in the subarachnoid space to provide passive oxygenation of the spinal cord during @entity432 remains experimental and requires further investigation.

title: Control of proximal XXXX during aortic cross-clamping: its effect on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and spinal cord perfusion pressure.

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity11997 :: ('MESH:D005466', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorocarbons']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['atrial-femoral artery']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A strong relationship between @entity1007 and @entity731 has been established through epidemiological, experimental, and clinical trial data. Traditional theories on the pathophysiology of this relationship involve the deposition, modification, and cellular uptake of @entity165 , and the release of inflammatory and growth factors resulting in smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen matrix production. The vasculature has recently been found to be an active and complex organ, with the endothelium playing a controlling role in vascular tone, lipid breakdown, thrombogenesis, @entity32 , and vessel growth. In the presence of risk factors such as @entity1007 , the endothelium promotes vasoconstriction, monocyte and platelet adhesion, thrombogenesis, and growth factor release. A high-fat diet also directly impairs endothelial function and @entity1003 factors. @entity409 is associated with decreased availability of the predominant vasodilator @entity842 , possibly by increased destruction by @entity26 free radicals. This dysfunctional state appears before the earliest anatomic evidence of @entity731 and may represent an important initial step in its development. Several studies have shown improvements in endothelial function with @entity165 lowering in both normal individuals and those with @entity301 . Short-term improvements in endothelial-dependent vasodilation and adhesion molecule expression have also been reported with antioxidant therapy. These observations suggest that @entity731 is at least in part caused by @entity409 that favors cellular proliferation. This new understanding helps to explain the early and substantial reductions in major cardiovascular events associated with @entity165 lowering.

title: XXXX , @entity165 lowering, and endothelial function.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['increases coagulation']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: A strong relationship between @entity1007 and @entity731 has been established through epidemiological, experimental, and clinical trial data. Traditional theories on the pathophysiology of this relationship involve the deposition, modification, and cellular uptake of @entity165 , and the release of inflammatory and growth factors resulting in smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen matrix production. The vasculature has recently been found to be an active and complex organ, with the endothelium playing a controlling role in vascular tone, lipid breakdown, thrombogenesis, @entity32 , and vessel growth. In the presence of risk factors such as @entity1007 , the endothelium promotes vasoconstriction, monocyte and platelet adhesion, thrombogenesis, and growth factor release. A high-fat diet also directly impairs endothelial function and @entity1003 factors. @entity409 is associated with decreased availability of the predominant vasodilator @entity842 , possibly by increased destruction by @entity26 free radicals. This dysfunctional state appears before the earliest anatomic evidence of @entity731 and may represent an important initial step in its development. Several studies have shown improvements in endothelial function with @entity165 lowering in both normal individuals and those with @entity301 . Short-term improvements in endothelial-dependent vasodilation and adhesion molecule expression have also been reported with antioxidant therapy. These observations suggest that @entity731 is at least in part caused by @entity409 that favors cellular proliferation. This new understanding helps to explain the early and substantial reductions in major cardiovascular events associated with @entity165 lowering.

title: @entity165 , XXXX lowering, and endothelial function.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A point mutation in coagulation factor V ( @entity67191 ) is associated with increased risk for @entity49 . However, limited information is available about the prospective risk for @entity1150 in specific high-risk clinical settings. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the @entity5337 mutation is associated with an increased occurrence of @entity1150 in @entity1 undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of plasma samples obtained during six prospective clinical trials that compared different antithrombotic prophylaxis regimens in @entity1 undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery. SETTING: Inpatients at the University of Rochester Medical Center, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton Civic Hospitals, and the Genesee Hospital. @entity1 : 825 @entity1 hospitalized for hip or knee replacement surgery. MEASUREMENTS: Venographically diagnosed postoperative @entity1150 was correlated with factor V genotype. RESULTS: The @entity5337 mutation was not associated with a significantly increased risk for venographically detected @entity1150 . The absolute incidence of @entity1150 was 31% (95% CI, 15% to 47%) in @entity1 with the mutation and 26% (CI, 22% to 29%) in @entity1 without the mutation (relative risk, 1.2 [CI, 0.6 to 2.9]). The @entity5337 mutation was not significantly associated with @entity1150 in subgroups of @entity1 receiving @entity1229 or heparin. The incidence of clinical @entity548 was similar in @entity1 with (10%) and without (8%) the mutation. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5337 mutation is not a significant risk factor for @entity1150 in this group of @entity1 . Current data do not justify routine preoperative screening for this mutation or intensified perioperative prophylaxis in @entity1 with the @entity5337 mutation who are undergoing hip or knee joint replacement surgery and are receiving effective antithrombotic prophylaxis.

title: Relation of XXXX genotype to risk for @entity1150 after joint replacement surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'acute deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity5337 :: (2153,Gene) :: ['factor V Leiden']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A point mutation in coagulation factor V ( @entity67191 ) is associated with increased risk for @entity49 . However, limited information is available about the prospective risk for @entity1150 in specific high-risk clinical settings. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the @entity5337 mutation is associated with an increased occurrence of @entity1150 in @entity1 undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of plasma samples obtained during six prospective clinical trials that compared different antithrombotic prophylaxis regimens in @entity1 undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery. SETTING: Inpatients at the University of Rochester Medical Center, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton Civic Hospitals, and the Genesee Hospital. @entity1 : 825 @entity1 hospitalized for hip or knee replacement surgery. MEASUREMENTS: Venographically diagnosed postoperative @entity1150 was correlated with factor V genotype. RESULTS: The @entity5337 mutation was not associated with a significantly increased risk for venographically detected @entity1150 . The absolute incidence of @entity1150 was 31% (95% CI, 15% to 47%) in @entity1 with the mutation and 26% (CI, 22% to 29%) in @entity1 without the mutation (relative risk, 1.2 [CI, 0.6 to 2.9]). The @entity5337 mutation was not significantly associated with @entity1150 in subgroups of @entity1 receiving @entity1229 or heparin. The incidence of clinical @entity548 was similar in @entity1 with (10%) and without (8%) the mutation. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5337 mutation is not a significant risk factor for @entity1150 in this group of @entity1 . Current data do not justify routine preoperative screening for this mutation or intensified perioperative prophylaxis in @entity1 with the @entity5337 mutation who are undergoing hip or knee joint replacement surgery and are receiving effective antithrombotic prophylaxis.

title: Relation of @entity5337 genotype to risk for XXXX after joint replacement surgery.

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['acute deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The convenience and availability of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) makes it an attractive candidate for assessing right ventricle function. However, the viability of RT3DE is not conclusive. AIM OF STUDY: This study aims to evaluate RT3DE relative to cardiac magnetic resonance and 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) for measuring right ventricular systolic function in @entity1 with @entity120 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity120 (n = 23) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance, 2DE, and RT3DE. Specifically, 2DE was used to measure the @entity296 ( @entity296 ), fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and tissue Doppler-derived tricuspid annular systolic velocity (S'). Cardiac magnetic resonance and RT3DE were used to measure right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) and end-systolic volume (RVESV). The @entity4266 ( @entity4266 ) was calculated. RESULTS: Regarding the measurements taken by 2DE, @entity4266 positively correlated with fractional area change (r = 0.595, P = 0.003) and S'(r = 0.489, P = 0.018), and negatively correlated with @entity296 (r = -0.745, P = 0.000). There was no association between @entity4266 and TAPSE (r = -0.029, P = 0.896). There existed a close correlation between the values of RVEDV, RVESV, and @entity4266 as measured by RT3DE and CMR respectively (P<0.001); Bland-Altmanan analyses showed good agreement between them. CONCLUSION: RT3DE was a viable method for noninvasive, accurate assessment of right ventricular systolic function in @entity1 with @entity120 .

title: Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography to Assess Right Ventricle Function in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular index of myocardial performance', 'RIMP']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular ejection fraction', 'RVEF']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The convenience and availability of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) makes it an attractive candidate for assessing right ventricle function. However, the viability of RT3DE is not conclusive. AIM OF STUDY: This study aims to evaluate RT3DE relative to cardiac magnetic resonance and 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) for measuring right ventricular systolic function in @entity1 with @entity120 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity120 (n = 23) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance, 2DE, and RT3DE. Specifically, 2DE was used to measure the @entity296 ( @entity296 ), fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and tissue Doppler-derived tricuspid annular systolic velocity (S'). Cardiac magnetic resonance and RT3DE were used to measure right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) and end-systolic volume (RVESV). The @entity4266 ( @entity4266 ) was calculated. RESULTS: Regarding the measurements taken by 2DE, @entity4266 positively correlated with fractional area change (r = 0.595, P = 0.003) and S'(r = 0.489, P = 0.018), and negatively correlated with @entity296 (r = -0.745, P = 0.000). There was no association between @entity4266 and TAPSE (r = -0.029, P = 0.896). There existed a close correlation between the values of RVEDV, RVESV, and @entity4266 as measured by RT3DE and CMR respectively (P<0.001); Bland-Altmanan analyses showed good agreement between them. CONCLUSION: RT3DE was a viable method for noninvasive, accurate assessment of right ventricular systolic function in @entity1 with @entity120 .

title: Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography to Assess Right Ventricle Function in XXXX with @entity120 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Providing medical care at special events is a growing area of concern of emergency physicians. Little information has been published on events in which @entity1 outnumber spectators. We describe such an event at which the medical encounters far outnumbered any previously published report. METHODS: The California @entity791 Ride 3 bicycle ride took place June 1-8, 1996, and covered 547 miles of highway between San Francisco and Los Angeles. One hundred five volunteer staff members provided medical care. Extensive @entity1 encounters were recorded on a one-page form; all other encounters were recorded as hash marks by the provider. Two physicians reviewed the medical records and categorized each encounter. RESULTS: Of the 25,379 @entity1 encounters recorded over the 8 days of the event, 509 were triaged as greater severity (requiring an examination by a physician); 31% of these involved heat-related illnesses. Fifty-five @entity1 required transport to local emergency departments by the local EMS systems; 7 of these @entity1 required hospital admission. CONCLUSION: The California @entity791 Ride 3 required more medical personnel and resulted in more @entity1 encounters than any similar event previously described. We describe the medical care team and @entity1 encounters to facilitate planning for medical care at future class 3 events.

title: Medical care at the California XXXX Ride 3: experiences in event medicine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: The Workshop identified 48 unselected @entity1 with therapy-related @entity2590 or @entity3052 (t-MDS/t-AML) and inv(16), and 41 @entity1 with t(15;17) after chemotherapy (CT) and/or radiotherapy (RT) for a malignant or nonmalignant disease. The primary diseases were: @entity0 , 33 @entity1 ; @entity706 , 24 @entity1 ; various other solid @entity5 , 30 @entity1 ; and nonmalignant diseases, 2 @entity1 . The general type of previous therapy was RT only in 10 @entity1 with an inv(16) and in 12 @entity1 with a t(15;17), alkylating agents plus topoisomerase II inhibitors in 24 @entity1 with an inv(16) and in 18 @entity1 with a t(15;17), topoisomerase II inhibitors only in 5 @entity1 with an inv(16) and in 2 @entity1 with a t(15;17), alkylating agents only in 6 @entity1 in each subgroup, and other types of chemotherapy in 3 @entity1 in each subgroup. Most CT-treated @entity1 (69%) also received RT. The latency period to development of t-MDS/t-AML was short: a median of 22 months in @entity1 with inv(16) and 29 months in @entity1 with t(15;17). Twenty-six @entity1 (54%) with an inv(16) and 17 @entity1 (41%) with a t(15;17) had additional cytogenetic abnormalities, which were unrelated to age and survival in both subgroups. Trisomy of chromosomes 8, 21, and 22 and @entity6158 ) were the most frequent additional abnormalities in the inv(16) subgroup, whereas +8, -5, and del(16q) were most frequent in the t(15;17) subgroup. The disease was overt t-AML in 38/48 @entity1 (79%) with an inv(16) and in 38/41 @entity1 (93%) with a t(15;17). Thirty-three of 39 intensively treated @entity1 (85%) with an inv(16) obtained a complete remission, whereas 24 of 35 intensively treated @entity1 (69%) with a t(15;17) obtained a complete remission. The median overall survival of intensively treated @entity1 was 29 months in both cytogenetic subgroups. In the inv(16) subgroup, @entity1 younger than 55 years of age had a longer survival when compared with older @entity1 (P = 0.006). The study supports the observation that t-MDS/t-AML with inv(16) and t(15;17) is often associated with prior therapy with topoisomerase II inhibitors; however, a notable finding was the high frequency of treatment with only radiotherapy, 29% of t(15;17) and 21% of inv(16). Response rates to intensive chemotherapy in this study were comparable to those of de novo disease.

title: Balanced chromosome abnormalities inv(16) and t(15;17) in therapy-related XXXX and @entity3052 : report from an international workshop.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: The Workshop identified 48 unselected @entity1 with therapy-related @entity2590 or @entity3052 (t-MDS/t-AML) and inv(16), and 41 @entity1 with t(15;17) after chemotherapy (CT) and/or radiotherapy (RT) for a malignant or nonmalignant disease. The primary diseases were: @entity0 , 33 @entity1 ; @entity706 , 24 @entity1 ; various other solid @entity5 , 30 @entity1 ; and nonmalignant diseases, 2 @entity1 . The general type of previous therapy was RT only in 10 @entity1 with an inv(16) and in 12 @entity1 with a t(15;17), alkylating agents plus topoisomerase II inhibitors in 24 @entity1 with an inv(16) and in 18 @entity1 with a t(15;17), topoisomerase II inhibitors only in 5 @entity1 with an inv(16) and in 2 @entity1 with a t(15;17), alkylating agents only in 6 @entity1 in each subgroup, and other types of chemotherapy in 3 @entity1 in each subgroup. Most CT-treated @entity1 (69%) also received RT. The latency period to development of t-MDS/t-AML was short: a median of 22 months in @entity1 with inv(16) and 29 months in @entity1 with t(15;17). Twenty-six @entity1 (54%) with an inv(16) and 17 @entity1 (41%) with a t(15;17) had additional cytogenetic abnormalities, which were unrelated to age and survival in both subgroups. Trisomy of chromosomes 8, 21, and 22 and @entity6158 ) were the most frequent additional abnormalities in the inv(16) subgroup, whereas +8, -5, and del(16q) were most frequent in the t(15;17) subgroup. The disease was overt t-AML in 38/48 @entity1 (79%) with an inv(16) and in 38/41 @entity1 (93%) with a t(15;17). Thirty-three of 39 intensively treated @entity1 (85%) with an inv(16) obtained a complete remission, whereas 24 of 35 intensively treated @entity1 (69%) with a t(15;17) obtained a complete remission. The median overall survival of intensively treated @entity1 was 29 months in both cytogenetic subgroups. In the inv(16) subgroup, @entity1 younger than 55 years of age had a longer survival when compared with older @entity1 (P = 0.006). The study supports the observation that t-MDS/t-AML with inv(16) and t(15;17) is often associated with prior therapy with topoisomerase II inhibitors; however, a notable finding was the high frequency of treatment with only radiotherapy, 29% of t(15;17) and 21% of inv(16). Response rates to intensive chemotherapy in this study were comparable to those of de novo disease.

title: Balanced chromosome abnormalities inv(16) and t(15;17) in therapy-related @entity2590 and XXXX : report from an international workshop.

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: Seventy-seven @entity1 were identified with Rare recurring (excluding 11q23, 21q22, inv(16), and t(15;17)) @entity2008 among 511 @entity1 with treatment-related @entity2590 and @entity3052 accepted from centers in the United States, Europe, and Japan. The abnormality subsets included 3q21q26 (17 @entity1 ), 11p15 (17 @entity1 ), t(9;22)(q34;q11) (10 @entity1 ), 12p13 (9 @entity1 ), t(8;16)(p11;p13) (9 @entity1 ), and an "other" subset, which included t(6;9)(p23;q34) (3 @entity1 ), t(10;11)(p13;q13 approximately q21) (3 @entity1 ), t(1;17)(p36;q21) (2 @entity1 ), t(8;14)(q24;q32) (2 @entity1 ), t(11;19)(q13;q13) (2 @entity1 ), t(1;3)(p36;q21) (2 @entity1 ), and t(3;5)(q21;q31) (1 @entity1 ). Increased karyotypic complexity with additional balanced and unbalanced rearrangements was observed in 70% of cases. Among 54 cases with @entity2008 were observed in 59%. The most frequent @entity66 were @entity0 (24 cases), @entity978 (14 cases), @entity1893 (10 cases), and de novo @entity981 (5 cases). Thirty-seven @entity1 received alkylating agents plus topoisomerase II inhibitors with or without radiation therapy. The presenting diagnosis was t-AML in 47 cases, t-MDS in 23 cases (10 progressed to t-AML), and t- @entity981 in seven cases, five of whom had a t(9;22). The median latency time from initiation of original therapy to therapy-related disease diagnosis was quite long (69 months), and the overall median survival from the date of therapy-related disease diagnosis was very short (7 months). The 1-year survival rate was 34 +/- 7%, with no significant differences among subsets. Comparison with previously reported cases showed increased karyotypic complexity and adult presentation of pediatric-associated @entity2008 .

title: Rare recurring balanced @entity2008 in therapy-related XXXX and @entity3052 : report from an international workshop.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary diseases']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities', 'secondary abnormalities, chromosome 5 and/or 7 abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin disease']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: Seventy-seven @entity1 were identified with Rare recurring (excluding 11q23, 21q22, inv(16), and t(15;17)) @entity2008 among 511 @entity1 with treatment-related @entity2590 and @entity3052 accepted from centers in the United States, Europe, and Japan. The abnormality subsets included 3q21q26 (17 @entity1 ), 11p15 (17 @entity1 ), t(9;22)(q34;q11) (10 @entity1 ), 12p13 (9 @entity1 ), t(8;16)(p11;p13) (9 @entity1 ), and an "other" subset, which included t(6;9)(p23;q34) (3 @entity1 ), t(10;11)(p13;q13 approximately q21) (3 @entity1 ), t(1;17)(p36;q21) (2 @entity1 ), t(8;14)(q24;q32) (2 @entity1 ), t(11;19)(q13;q13) (2 @entity1 ), t(1;3)(p36;q21) (2 @entity1 ), and t(3;5)(q21;q31) (1 @entity1 ). Increased karyotypic complexity with additional balanced and unbalanced rearrangements was observed in 70% of cases. Among 54 cases with @entity2008 were observed in 59%. The most frequent @entity66 were @entity0 (24 cases), @entity978 (14 cases), @entity1893 (10 cases), and de novo @entity981 (5 cases). Thirty-seven @entity1 received alkylating agents plus topoisomerase II inhibitors with or without radiation therapy. The presenting diagnosis was t-AML in 47 cases, t-MDS in 23 cases (10 progressed to t-AML), and t- @entity981 in seven cases, five of whom had a t(9;22). The median latency time from initiation of original therapy to therapy-related disease diagnosis was quite long (69 months), and the overall median survival from the date of therapy-related disease diagnosis was very short (7 months). The 1-year survival rate was 34 +/- 7%, with no significant differences among subsets. Comparison with previously reported cases showed increased karyotypic complexity and adult presentation of pediatric-associated @entity2008 .

title: Rare recurring balanced @entity2008 in therapy-related @entity2590 and XXXX : report from an international workshop.

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: Seventy-seven @entity1 were identified with Rare recurring (excluding 11q23, 21q22, inv(16), and t(15;17)) @entity2008 among 511 @entity1 with treatment-related @entity2590 and @entity3052 accepted from centers in the United States, Europe, and Japan. The abnormality subsets included 3q21q26 (17 @entity1 ), 11p15 (17 @entity1 ), t(9;22)(q34;q11) (10 @entity1 ), 12p13 (9 @entity1 ), t(8;16)(p11;p13) (9 @entity1 ), and an "other" subset, which included t(6;9)(p23;q34) (3 @entity1 ), t(10;11)(p13;q13 approximately q21) (3 @entity1 ), t(1;17)(p36;q21) (2 @entity1 ), t(8;14)(q24;q32) (2 @entity1 ), t(11;19)(q13;q13) (2 @entity1 ), t(1;3)(p36;q21) (2 @entity1 ), and t(3;5)(q21;q31) (1 @entity1 ). Increased karyotypic complexity with additional balanced and unbalanced rearrangements was observed in 70% of cases. Among 54 cases with @entity2008 were observed in 59%. The most frequent @entity66 were @entity0 (24 cases), @entity978 (14 cases), @entity1893 (10 cases), and de novo @entity981 (5 cases). Thirty-seven @entity1 received alkylating agents plus topoisomerase II inhibitors with or without radiation therapy. The presenting diagnosis was t-AML in 47 cases, t-MDS in 23 cases (10 progressed to t-AML), and t- @entity981 in seven cases, five of whom had a t(9;22). The median latency time from initiation of original therapy to therapy-related disease diagnosis was quite long (69 months), and the overall median survival from the date of therapy-related disease diagnosis was very short (7 months). The 1-year survival rate was 34 +/- 7%, with no significant differences among subsets. Comparison with previously reported cases showed increased karyotypic complexity and adult presentation of pediatric-associated @entity2008 .

title: Rare recurring balanced XXXX in therapy-related @entity2590 and @entity3052 : report from an international workshop.

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['chromosome abnormalities']


abstract: Although @entity3821 of the prostate ( @entity2729 ) is typically present on biopsies in which there is also @entity263 of Gleason pattern 4 or 5 and an associated unfavorable outcome, there are limited studies on @entity2729 in needle core biopsies or transurethral resections (TURP) with only a concomitant low-grade invasive component. There are differing opinions on incorporating @entity2729 into the Gleason score in such cases. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes and radical prostatectomy (RP) findings in @entity1 with Gleason 3+3=6 and @entity2729 on biopsy or TURP. We identified 73 @entity1 in our consult files (2001 to 2014) who had @entity2729 and Gleason score 6 @entity189 on biopsy or TURP with no invasive higher Gleason grade component. Clinical follow-up information was available in 62 @entity1 . Treatment was RP in 14 @entity1 , radiation therapy in 31 @entity1 , @entity342 deprivation therapy in 1 @entity1 , and cryotherapy in 1 @entity1 . Four @entity1 were found to have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and were treated with chemotherapy. Eleven @entity1 underwent active surveillance after diagnosis, of which 6 were eventually treated for progressive disease. The 14 RP specimens were centrally reviewed, and 86% had extensive @entity2729 present. The Gleason grades in these 14 RP cases were 3+3=6 in 21%, 3+4=7 in 36%, 4+3=7 in 29%, and 4+4=8 in 14%. Pathologic stage was pT2 in 36%, pT3a in 36%, and pT3b in 28%. After 3 years, there was a 20% actuarial rate of disease progression in @entity1 who underwent either RP or radiation therapy. In summary, most @entity1 with @entity2729 on biopsy/TURP have aggressive @entity5 , even when the invasive @entity5 on biopsy is Gleason score 6. As a minority of @entity1 may only have Gleason 6 invasive @entity5 at RP and a favorable prognosis, we recommend that @entity2729 on biopsy/TURP be reported separately and not assigned a Gleason score.

title: Prostate Biopsy Specimens With Gleason 3+3=6 and XXXX : Radical Prostatectomy Findings and Clinical Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['invasive prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity3821 :: (MESH:D002285,Disease) :: ['Intraductal Carcinoma']


abstract: The beta3-adrenergic receptor is an integral membrane protein consisting of seven transmembrane domains. Unlike the beta1 and beta2 receptors, this subtype lacks the consensus phosphorylation sites required for desensitization by @entity563 kinases. Using the rodent specific beta3 agonist @entity56137 , our initial data indicated that beta3 receptor-mediated @entity653 levels progressively decreased following daily oral doses of 5 mg/kg. Therefore, we initiated studies designed to delineate the possible mechanism(s) for this decreased response. Within 3 hours following a single oral dose of @entity56137 , serum @entity653 levels and @entity5483 (uncoupling protein) RNA levels were significantly increased whereas beta3 RNA levels were significantly decreased. @entity35 were dosed daily for 5 days with either vehicle or @entity56137 (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and blood samples were collected for @entity653 analysis. Adipose tissue was excised for lipolysis and adenyl cyclase measurements. In addition, @entity5483 and beta3 receptor RNA levels were assessed. No effect on adipocyte @entity3047 -stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity was observed 3 hours following the initial dose of @entity56137 . Although a slight decrease (approximately 25%) in adenylyl cyclase activity could be observed 24 hours following the initial dose, it wasn't until day 4 of dosing that a significant decrease (50%) was observed. In contrast, beta3- stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes from @entity56137 -treated @entity35 was decreased 85% within 24 hours and this decrease persisted through four days of treatment. These data indicate that the lipolytic response to beta3 receptor activation is decreased after only a single oral dose of @entity56137 , whereas receptor-mediated adenylyl cyclase activation, although initially unaffected, also desensitizes by day four of treatment.

title: Desensitization of beta3-adrenergic receptor-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity and lipolysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The syncytiotrophoblast, which is delineated by two polar membranes (the microvillous and the basal plasma membranes), is the main placental structural element controlling maternal-fetal exchanges. These studies of the full-term placenta were undertaken in order to determine whether the microvillous membranes, which are bathed by the maternal intervillous circulation, and basal plasma membrane, which lines the fetal blood capillaries, have binding sites for @entity5100 . The microvillous and basal plasma membranes were purified and found to bind 125I- @entity5100 with significantly different (p < 0.0001) Kd (0.51 and 1.02 nM, respectively). There were more available binding sites in the microvillous (4.4+/-0.3 pmol/mg protein) than in the basal (2.7+/-0.4 pmol/mg protein) plasma membranes (p < 0.0001). Both membranes contained three major (250, 135, and 130 kDa) 125I- @entity5100 /binding-site protein complexes as determined by affinity cross-linking and PAGE. The 250-kDa band (type 2 IGF receptor) was the main band in the basal plasma membranes (46% total bound 125I- @entity5100 ). The 135-kDa band (insulin-receptor alpha subunit) was the main one in the microvillous membranes (48% total bound 125I- @entity5100 ). The amounts of 130-kDa band (type 1 IGF-receptor alpha subunit) in the two types of membranes were similar (30% total bound 125I- @entity5100 ). Only @entity5100 displaced 125I- @entity5100 from the 250-kDa band, while 125I- @entity5100 bound to the 135-kDa band was displaced by insulin, and ligand bound to the 130-kDa band was displaced by @entity442 . Thus there are IGF receptors in both types of membranes of syncytiotrophoblast in the @entity1 full-term placenta, and the distributions of the IGF and insulin receptors are asymmetrical. This may reflect the fact that they face and interact with two independent, different media. Maternal IGF may influence the syncytiotrophoblast by binding to receptors on the microvillous membranes, while fetal IGF may also influence syncytiotrophoblast functions by activating receptors in the basal plasma membranes.

title: Differential distribution of binding sites for 125I-insulin-like growth factor II on trophoblast membranes of XXXX term placenta.

entities_list: @entity5100 :: ('3481', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-II', 'insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the prognosis of @entity565 . 145 adults (96 @entity1 , 49 @entity1 ) with @entity565 during childhood were examined above age of 28 years (mean age was 37.6, SD: 5.9 years). The @entity1 filled out questionnaires about the @entity748 and @entity56 in their childhood, age at 18 years and at present. They all were physically examined and prick tested with 12 inhalant allergens. 43% of the @entity1 became symptom-free but 57% still had intermittent or persisting @entity1109 while growing up. More @entity1 had intermittent @entity748 day (59%) and night (67%) symptoms than persisting ones (41 and 33%). The accompanying @entity56 in childhood did not definitely affect the prognosis of @entity565 . These are more frequent in the females, regarding before all the @entity272 . At the age of 18, the occurrence of @entity2023 was more frequent than in childhood. The frequency of other @entity56 did not change significantly. Among @entity1 with @entity1109 , moulds and cat hair @entity566 were more frequent than in the symptom-free group. The long-term prognosis of childhood @entity565 is relatively good, however only less than 50% of the @entity1 has become symptom-free. In most of the adult @entity1 the complaints are relatively mild. The indoor allergens may contribute to the occurrence of @entity1109 .

title: [Changes in the symptoms of @entity565 and associated XXXX from childhood to adult age].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['accompanying allergic symptoms', 'allergic disorders', 'allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['atopic skin disorders']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic disorders']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the prognosis of @entity565 . 145 adults (96 @entity1 , 49 @entity1 ) with @entity565 during childhood were examined above age of 28 years (mean age was 37.6, SD: 5.9 years). The @entity1 filled out questionnaires about the @entity748 and @entity56 in their childhood, age at 18 years and at present. They all were physically examined and prick tested with 12 inhalant allergens. 43% of the @entity1 became symptom-free but 57% still had intermittent or persisting @entity1109 while growing up. More @entity1 had intermittent @entity748 day (59%) and night (67%) symptoms than persisting ones (41 and 33%). The accompanying @entity56 in childhood did not definitely affect the prognosis of @entity565 . These are more frequent in the females, regarding before all the @entity272 . At the age of 18, the occurrence of @entity2023 was more frequent than in childhood. The frequency of other @entity56 did not change significantly. Among @entity1 with @entity1109 , moulds and cat hair @entity566 were more frequent than in the symptom-free group. The long-term prognosis of childhood @entity565 is relatively good, however only less than 50% of the @entity1 has become symptom-free. In most of the adult @entity1 the complaints are relatively mild. The indoor allergens may contribute to the occurrence of @entity1109 .

title: [Changes in the symptoms of XXXX and associated @entity56 from childhood to adult age].

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: We describe a @entity1 with a streptococcal @entity5442 / @entity9156 and @entity137 following an intramuscular injection with @entity3522 . A @entity1 complaining of sore throat and @entity10 for two days and fever up to 38.5 degrees C for one day consulted her family physician. 75 mg of @entity3522 were injected intramuscularly for symptomatic treatment. On the next day massive @entity158 at the injection site and a generalized erythema occurs and fever up to 38.5 degrees C persists. She is admitted to the local hospital for suspected @entity733 formation. Despite rapid antibiotic treatment a @entity326 develops. The @entity1 is transferred to a tertiary care hospital. An extensive debridement is performed and the antibiotic regimen changed to high dose @entity114 and @entity3402 . The association of life threatening diseases due to Group A streptococci and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is well documented by several case reports. We believe there is no longer any need for intramuscular injections of NSAID. The rare but severe complications preclude further use of the intramuscular dosage in view of the availability of oral alternatives.

title: [Erythema and fever after XXXX i.m].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Carotid angioplasty with stent placement is becoming an established treatment modality for @entity1 with high-risk carotid @entity850 . Unlike carotid endarterectomy, angioplasty causes direct mechanical dilation of the stenotic carotid artery and bulb. Stimulation of the sinus baroreceptors induces a reflexive response that consists of increased parasympathetic discharge and inhibition of sympathetic tone, which results in @entity1168 and subsequent cardiogenic @entity551 . METHODS: At a single institution, the experience with 43 @entity1 treated from November 1994 to January 2000 with 47 angioplasty and stent procedures for occlusive @entity2998 was retrospectively reviewed. Prophylactic temporary venous pacemakers were used to prevent @entity551 from possible angioplasty-induced @entity1168 . Pacemakers were set to capture a heart rate decrease below 60 beats per minute. Variables analyzed included demographics, etiology of disease, side of the lesion, the presence of symptoms, history of @entity453 , percent @entity850 , type of stent used, number of dilations, pressure of dilation, and angioplasty balloon diameter. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were excluded because pacemakers were not used during their angioplasty procedures, and these included three @entity341 and a lesion that was unrelated anatomically to the carotid sinus (petrous carotid). The remaining 37 procedures were performed in 33 @entity1 with a mean age of 67 years, and consisted of 17 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 , 20 right and 17 left-sided lesions. The pacemakers maintained a cardiac rhythm in 23 (62%) of the 37 procedures and in no case did the pacemaker fail to respond when activated. Recurrent (56%; 10 of 18), radiation-induced (78%; 7 of 9), and medically refractory carotid @entity850 (67%; 6 of 9) required intraprocedural pacing. Two @entity1 with recurrent @entity850 became @entity551 despite the aid of the pacing device but were not symptomatic. Seventy-nine percent (15 of 19) of symptomatic lesions and 57% (8 of 14) of nonsymptomatic lesions required pacing, which was statistically significant (P = 0.049). No @entity1 experienced an operative morbidity or mortality as a consequence of the temporary pacing devices. CONCLUSION: Angioplasty-induced @entity1168 is a common condition, and it is more prevalent in radiation-induced @entity850 and with symptomatic lesions. Temporary venous demand pacing is a safe procedure and may prevent life-threatening, baroreceptor-induced @entity551 .

title: Prevention of carotid angioplasty-induced @entity1168 and XXXX with temporary venous pacemakers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Carotid angioplasty with stent placement is becoming an established treatment modality for @entity1 with high-risk carotid @entity850 . Unlike carotid endarterectomy, angioplasty causes direct mechanical dilation of the stenotic carotid artery and bulb. Stimulation of the sinus baroreceptors induces a reflexive response that consists of increased parasympathetic discharge and inhibition of sympathetic tone, which results in @entity1168 and subsequent cardiogenic @entity551 . METHODS: At a single institution, the experience with 43 @entity1 treated from November 1994 to January 2000 with 47 angioplasty and stent procedures for occlusive @entity2998 was retrospectively reviewed. Prophylactic temporary venous pacemakers were used to prevent @entity551 from possible angioplasty-induced @entity1168 . Pacemakers were set to capture a heart rate decrease below 60 beats per minute. Variables analyzed included demographics, etiology of disease, side of the lesion, the presence of symptoms, history of @entity453 , percent @entity850 , type of stent used, number of dilations, pressure of dilation, and angioplasty balloon diameter. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were excluded because pacemakers were not used during their angioplasty procedures, and these included three @entity341 and a lesion that was unrelated anatomically to the carotid sinus (petrous carotid). The remaining 37 procedures were performed in 33 @entity1 with a mean age of 67 years, and consisted of 17 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 , 20 right and 17 left-sided lesions. The pacemakers maintained a cardiac rhythm in 23 (62%) of the 37 procedures and in no case did the pacemaker fail to respond when activated. Recurrent (56%; 10 of 18), radiation-induced (78%; 7 of 9), and medically refractory carotid @entity850 (67%; 6 of 9) required intraprocedural pacing. Two @entity1 with recurrent @entity850 became @entity551 despite the aid of the pacing device but were not symptomatic. Seventy-nine percent (15 of 19) of symptomatic lesions and 57% (8 of 14) of nonsymptomatic lesions required pacing, which was statistically significant (P = 0.049). No @entity1 experienced an operative morbidity or mortality as a consequence of the temporary pacing devices. CONCLUSION: Angioplasty-induced @entity1168 is a common condition, and it is more prevalent in radiation-induced @entity850 and with symptomatic lesions. Temporary venous demand pacing is a safe procedure and may prevent life-threatening, baroreceptor-induced @entity551 .

title: Prevention of carotid angioplasty-induced XXXX and @entity551 with temporary venous pacemakers.

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['bradycardia']


abstract: Prognostic factors in @entity625 are related to many variables that must be evaluated according to the different subtypes. The International League of Associations of Rheumatologists (ILAR) recently proposed six different categories referred to as the Durban criteria, under the eponym of @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). The aim of this classification was to define homogeneous groups according to their clinical and biologic features. The prognostic factors were classified into the different categories of @entity4932 . A poor outcome in the systemic form correlated with markers of disease activity, such as @entity221 , within the first 6 months. The risk of joint destruction in @entity4932 correlated with the severity of @entity625 within the first 2 years. @entity625 with positive rheumatoid factor is associated with marked disability in adulthood. In a group of psoriatic @entity1 , the risk of developing @entity6592 is higher in male and @entity1530 27-positive @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity4932 with lower limb, knee, and tarsal involvement also are at greater risk of developing @entity6592 . @entity1596 is a complication of @entity4932 observed mainly in @entity1 with @entity4932 associated with positive antinuclear antibodies in serum. Secondary amyloidosis is observed mainly in @entity1 with systemic @entity4932 . The long-term outcome must be discussed according to the various therapies. Corticosteroids contribute to @entity851 and @entity170 , for which the use of @entity1 recombinant @entity2124 and biphosphonates may be an option. Newer encouraging therapies such as anticytokines have been proposed for @entity1 with active disease. Autologous stem cell transplantation is being evaluated in some centers with promising results; however, it has a high rate of mortality. Further discussion regarding which @entity1 should undergo autologous stem cell transplantation is needed, as is further discussion regarding the technical adaptations necessary.

title: Prognostic factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Polyarthritis', 'juvenile arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic uveitis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['enthesitis-related arthritis', 'oligoarthritis', 'JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever and polyarticular involvement']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: Long-term treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity161 requires integration of many therapeutic approaches, co-operation of several professions, and regard for the views of @entity1 and relatives. This review deals with practical aspects of pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, cognitive resp. psychological treatments, social resp. milieu therapy, rehabilitation, interventions based on the concept of @entity5785 ( @entity5785 ), psychoeducation and work with relatives. Continuous neuroleptic treatment is indispensable in most cases to achieve social integration. Indications for adding on antidepressants, @entity1091 , @entity2049 , @entity1245 and other drugs are discussed, as well as treatment of negative symptoms, @entity308 and management of treatment-resistant symptoms. Psychotherapy needs to regard the possibilities of the @entity1 . In the context of a stable long-term relationship, the @entity1 is supported in experiencing himself as a subject capable of action. Effectiveness of cognitive treatments to date is limited. The best results are achieved by social skills training. Social therapy, which aims at the improvement of functional aspects of the @entity1 , is of paramount importance. Improved possibilities for work rehabilitation are contrasted by difficulties in financing long-term social rehabilitation. Interventions based on the @entity5785 concept are highly effective, but are rarely used. Programs that merely convey information without targeting behaviour modification are ineffective. The functions of facilities of treatment in the community are explained, the integrative role of case-management is stressed.

title: [Long-term treatment of chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['EE', 'Expressed Emotions']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenias']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The treatments of @entity6658 ( @entity6658 ) were evaluated in 14 @entity1 (15 @entity1410 ) with @entity177 ( @entity177 ). We compared the data of our series with the data of co-operative study (1990) on @entity6658 . With regard to consciousness level (Neurological Grading, NG) and @entity1410 volume, significantly more serious cases were observed in @entity6658 with @entity177 than in @entity6658 of the co-operative study. In @entity6658 with @entity177 , mortality (40%) was significantly higher than that in @entity6658 of the co-operative study. However, the mortality rate was 0%, 0%, 20%, and 100% in NG1, 2, 3, and over 4b. The mortality rate was 0% in non-surgically treated cases with 0 to 30 ml of @entity1410 volume, and 0% in surgically treated cases with 10 to 50 ml of @entity1410 volume. These mortality rates were equal to those of the co-operative study with the same NG, and equal to those of the co-operative study with the same @entity1410 volume. With respect to functional prognosis, "good" (ADL1 and 2) resulted in 67% of non-surgically treated cases with NG1 to 2, and in 33% of surgically treated cases with NG3 to 4a. "Good" resulted in 33% of non-surgically treated cases with 0 to 30 ml of @entity1410 volume, and in 40% of surgically treated cases with 10 to 50 ml of @entity1410 volume. These morbidity rates were equal to those of the co-operative study with the same NG, and equal to those of the co-operative study with the same @entity1410 volume. Therefore, the high mortality in @entity6658 with @entity177 was suspected to be due to the fact that, in our study, there was a higher distribution of serious cases. These findings indicate that protection against enlargement of @entity1410 in the acute phase may bring about improvement of prognosis in @entity6658 with @entity177 .

title: [Management of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity177 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity6658 :: ('MESH:D020146', 'Disease') :: ['PH', 'putaminal hemorrhages']

answer: @entity6658 :: (MESH:D020146,Disease) :: ['putaminal hemorrhage']


abstract: The treatments of @entity6658 ( @entity6658 ) were evaluated in 14 @entity1 (15 @entity1410 ) with @entity177 ( @entity177 ). We compared the data of our series with the data of co-operative study (1990) on @entity6658 . With regard to consciousness level (Neurological Grading, NG) and @entity1410 volume, significantly more serious cases were observed in @entity6658 with @entity177 than in @entity6658 of the co-operative study. In @entity6658 with @entity177 , mortality (40%) was significantly higher than that in @entity6658 of the co-operative study. However, the mortality rate was 0%, 0%, 20%, and 100% in NG1, 2, 3, and over 4b. The mortality rate was 0% in non-surgically treated cases with 0 to 30 ml of @entity1410 volume, and 0% in surgically treated cases with 10 to 50 ml of @entity1410 volume. These mortality rates were equal to those of the co-operative study with the same NG, and equal to those of the co-operative study with the same @entity1410 volume. With respect to functional prognosis, "good" (ADL1 and 2) resulted in 67% of non-surgically treated cases with NG1 to 2, and in 33% of surgically treated cases with NG3 to 4a. "Good" resulted in 33% of non-surgically treated cases with 0 to 30 ml of @entity1410 volume, and in 40% of surgically treated cases with 10 to 50 ml of @entity1410 volume. These morbidity rates were equal to those of the co-operative study with the same NG, and equal to those of the co-operative study with the same @entity1410 volume. Therefore, the high mortality in @entity6658 with @entity177 was suspected to be due to the fact that, in our study, there was a higher distribution of serious cases. These findings indicate that protection against enlargement of @entity1410 in the acute phase may bring about improvement of prognosis in @entity6658 with @entity177 .

title: [Management of @entity6658 in @entity1 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: The treatments of @entity6658 ( @entity6658 ) were evaluated in 14 @entity1 (15 @entity1410 ) with @entity177 ( @entity177 ). We compared the data of our series with the data of co-operative study (1990) on @entity6658 . With regard to consciousness level (Neurological Grading, NG) and @entity1410 volume, significantly more serious cases were observed in @entity6658 with @entity177 than in @entity6658 of the co-operative study. In @entity6658 with @entity177 , mortality (40%) was significantly higher than that in @entity6658 of the co-operative study. However, the mortality rate was 0%, 0%, 20%, and 100% in NG1, 2, 3, and over 4b. The mortality rate was 0% in non-surgically treated cases with 0 to 30 ml of @entity1410 volume, and 0% in surgically treated cases with 10 to 50 ml of @entity1410 volume. These mortality rates were equal to those of the co-operative study with the same NG, and equal to those of the co-operative study with the same @entity1410 volume. With respect to functional prognosis, "good" (ADL1 and 2) resulted in 67% of non-surgically treated cases with NG1 to 2, and in 33% of surgically treated cases with NG3 to 4a. "Good" resulted in 33% of non-surgically treated cases with 0 to 30 ml of @entity1410 volume, and in 40% of surgically treated cases with 10 to 50 ml of @entity1410 volume. These morbidity rates were equal to those of the co-operative study with the same NG, and equal to those of the co-operative study with the same @entity1410 volume. Therefore, the high mortality in @entity6658 with @entity177 was suspected to be due to the fact that, in our study, there was a higher distribution of serious cases. These findings indicate that protection against enlargement of @entity1410 in the acute phase may bring about improvement of prognosis in @entity6658 with @entity177 .

title: [Management of @entity6658 in XXXX with @entity177 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This report deals with a study of the effectiveness, safety, and usefulness of long-term administration of @entity1924 for the improvement of cerebral blood flow and clinical symptoms in 24 @entity1 with Chronic Cerebral Circulatory Insufficiency. Cerebral blood flow was investigated quantitatively using the Patlak plot method. @entity1924 was orally administered for 209 days on average. In the global improvement rating assessed on the basis of all subjective symptoms, the final improvement rate, comprising all cases showing moderate or better improvement, was 52.2%. Regarding individual symptoms, @entity1296 , @entity1163 , dull @entity10 , and @entity10 showed improvement rates of 30% or more. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was increased in both cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. The global improvement rating for subjective symptoms and the delta % rCBF for every region except the cerebral hemispheres were positively correlated. However, there was no positive correlation between the global improvement rating for @entity146 symptoms and the delta % rCBF for any region. Regarding individual subjective symptoms, @entity1296 showed an especially high positive correlation of above 0.7 between the improvement rating and the delta % rCBF in the left temporal lobe, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. @entity10 was observed as an adverse drug reaction in 8 of 24 @entity1 , but it disappeared with reduction of the dose or discontinuation of administration. No other severe adverse drug reactions were noticed. In summary, it was concluded that @entity1924 was useful for treating chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency.

title: [Effects of long-term administration of XXXX on chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency--with special reference to cerebral blood flow and clinical symptoms].

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic syncope']

entities_list: @entity1924 :: ('MESH:C045645', 'Chemical') :: ['Cilostazol']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

answer: @entity1924 :: (MESH:C045645,Chemical) :: ['cilostazol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eye patching is commonly recommended for treating @entity2687 . This advice seems based more on anecdotes or disease-oriented evidence theorizing that there is faster healing or less @entity158 when the eye is patched. This meta-analysis was performed to determine if eye patching is a useful treatment for @entity2687 . METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of both MEDLINE (1966 to 1997) and Science Citation Index to locate relevant articles. We reviewed the bibliographies of included studies, and ophthalmology and primary care texts. Local ophthalmologists and authors were contacted to identify any unpublished data. Controlled trials that evaluated eye patching compared with no patching in @entity1 older than 6 years with @entity2687 were considered. The outcomes of interest were healing rates and degree of @entity158 . RESULTS: Seven trials were identified for inclusion, of which five could be statistically combined. Healing rates were similar in the two groups. The summary ratios (95% confidence interval) of healing rates in the patch group as compared with the no-patch group were 0.87 (0.68 to 1.13) and 0.90 (0.75 to 1.10) at days 1 and 2, respectively. Six studies evaluated @entity158 : four found no difference and two favored not patching. No differences in complication rates were noted between the patched and nonpatched groups. CONCLUSIONS: Eye patching was not found to improve healing rates or reduce @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity2687 . Given the theoretical harm of @entity1018 and possible increased @entity158 , we recommend the route of harmless nonintervention in treating @entity2687 .

title: Should we patch XXXX ? A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of binocular vision']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal abrasions', 'uncomplicated corneal abrasions']

answer: @entity2687 :: (MESH:D003316,Disease) :: ['corneal abrasions']


abstract: Recent studies have suggested that apoptosis and @entity39 share common features in their signaling pathway and that apoptosis requires intracellular @entity855 for its mitochondrial/ @entity15622 suicide cascade. The present study was, therefore, designed to examine the role of intracellular energy levels in determining the form of cell death in cardiac myocytes. Neonatal @entity35 cardiac myocytes were first incubated for 1 h in @entity413 -free medium containing @entity4626 to achieve metabolic inhibition. The cells were then incubated for another 4 h in similar medium containing @entity866 and graded concentrations of @entity413 to manipulate intracellular @entity855 levels. Under @entity855 -depleting conditions, the cell death caused by @entity866 was primarily @entity39 , as determined by @entity908 kinase release and nuclear staining with @entity5611 homodimer-1. However, under @entity855 -replenishing conditions, @entity866 increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, as determined by nuclear morphology and DNA fragmentation. @entity4124 activation by @entity866 was also @entity855 dependent. However, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), @entity2310 translocation, and cytochrome c release were observed in both apoptotic and @entity39 cells. Moreover, @entity205 , an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition, attenuated @entity866 -induced apoptosis and @entity39 through the inhibition of DeltaPsi(m) reduction, cytochrome c release, and @entity4124 activation. Our data therefore suggest that @entity866 induces cell demise through a mitochondrial death signaling pathway and that the presence of intracellular @entity855 favors a shift from @entity39 to apoptosis through caspase activation.

title: Important role of energy-dependent mitochondrial pathways in cultured XXXX cardiac myocyte apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity15622 :: ('78963(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['apoptotic protease-activating factor-1']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium']

entities_list: @entity4626 :: ('MESH:D009840', 'Chemical') :: ['oligomycin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether there is a risk excess of @entity1893 among Swedish workers associated with particular occupations. METHODS: The base population was made up of Swedish @entity1 (1,779,646) and @entity1 (1,101,669) who were gainfully employed at the time of the 1970 census, had also been present in the 1960 census and were still alive and older than 24 years as of 1 January, 1971. They were followed up for 19 years until the end of 1989. Age-period standardised incidence ratios were computed in a dataset linking @entity5 diagnoses from the Swedish national @entity5 register to occupational and demographic data obtained in the census of 1970. Log-linear Poisson models were fitted, allowing for geographical area. Risk estimators per occupation were also computed for workers reporting the same occupation in 1960 and 1970, a more specifically exposed group. RESULTS: There were 7,610 @entity1893 reported in the study cohort, 5,391 cases in @entity1 and 2,219 in @entity1 . A relative risk of over 1.20 and statistically significant was observed in @entity1 among accountants and auditors, secretaries and typists, auctionists, non-specified rail and road transport workers, telecommunications traffic officers, telegraph and radio operators, @entity2480 and other production and related work. The risk excess was confirmed in @entity1 with the same occupation in both censuses. In @entity1 , only three occupations achieved statistical significance: metal platers and coaters, truck and conveyor operators and store and warehouse workers. CONCLUSIONS: The risk excess observed in telecommunication and transport workers could be explained by electromagnetic radiation exposure. We did not find a risk excess in agricultural occupations, that has been largely documented by other study groups.

title: XXXX and occupation in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['photographic-laboratory workers']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: An unconstrained loading system was developed to measure the passive envelope of joint motion in an animal model commonly used to study ligament healing and joint @entity625 . The design of the five-degree-of-freedom system allowed for unconstrained knee joint loading throughout flexion with repeated removal and reapplication of the device to a specimen. Seven New Zealand White @entity95 knees were subjected to varus, valgus, internal and @entity4610 loads, and the resulting envelopes of motion were recorded using an electromagnetic tracking device. Intra-specimen reproducibility was excellent when measured in one specimen, with maximal rotational differences of 0.6 and 0.3 deg between the fourth and fifth testing cycles for the varus (VR) and valgus (VL) envelopes, respectively. Similarly, the maximal internal (INT) and @entity4610 ( @entity4610 ) envelope differences were 0.5 and 0.4 deg, respectively, between the fourth and fifth cycles. Good inter-animal envelope reproducibility was also observed with consistent motion pathways for each loading condition. A maximal VR-VL laxity of 17.9 +/- 2.3 deg was recorded at 95 deg flexion for the seven knees tested. The maximal INT- @entity4610 laxity of 75.2 +/- 4.8 deg occurred at 50 deg flexion. Studies on measurement reproducibility of re-applying individual testing components demonstrated a maximal error of 1.2 +/- 0.7 deg. Serial removal and re-application (test-retest) of the complete measuring system to one cadaveric knee demonstrated maximal envelope differences of less than 0.7 deg for VR-VL rotation and 2.1 deg for INT- @entity4610 rotation. Our results demonstrate that the measuring system is reproducible and capable of accurate evaluation of knee joint motion. Baseline in vitro data were generated on normal joint kinematics for future in-vivo studies with this system, evaluating ligament healing and disease progression in @entity625 models.

title: Design and validation of an unconstrained loading system to measure the envelope of motion in the XXXX knee joint.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The complementary DNAs (cDNA) encoding the [Trp7,Leu8]-gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (salmon-type @entity1176 ; sGnRH:GeneBank accession no. u60667) and the [His5,Trp7,Tyr8]- @entity1176 ( @entity1573 -II-type @entity1176 ; cGnRH-II: GeneBank accession no. u60668) precursor in the roach (Rutilus rutilus) were isolated and sequenced following reverse transcription and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The s @entity1176 and cGnRH-II precursor cDNAs consisted of 439 and 628 bp, and included open reading frames of 282 and 255 bp respectively. The structures of the encoded peptides were the same as GnRHs previously identified in other vertebrates. The s @entity1176 and cGnRH-II precursor cDNAs, including the non-coding regions, had 88.6 and 79.9% identity respectively, to those identified in @entity2083 ( @entity2083 ). However, significant similarity was not observed between the non-coding regions of the @entity1176 cDNAs of Cyprinidae and other fish. The presumed third exon, encoding partial sGnRH associated peptide (GAP) of roach, demonstrated significant @entity377 and @entity535 similarity with the appropriate regions in the @entity2083 , but not with other species, and this may indicate functional differences of GAP between different families of fish. cGnRH-II precursor cDNAs from roach had relatively high @entity377 similarity across this @entity1176 variant. Cladistic analysis classified the sGnRH and cGnRH-II precursor cDNAs into three and two groups respectively. However, the divergence between @entity377 sequences within the sGnRH variant was greater than those encoding the cGnRH-II precursors. Consistent with the consensus developed from previous studies, Northern blot analysis demonstrated that expression of sGnRH and cGnRH-II was restricted to the olfactory bulbs and midbrain of roach respectively. This work forms the basis for further study on the mechanisms by which the tapeworm, Ligula intestinalis, interacts with the pituitary-gonadal axis of its fish host.

title: Isolation and characterisation of mRNA encoding the salmon- and XXXX -II type gonadotrophin-releasing hormones in the teleost fish Rutilus rutilus (Cyprinidae).

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2083 :: ('7957', 'Species') :: ['goldfish', 'Carassius auratus']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: The prognostic relevance of karyotype has been established in adult @entity981 ( @entity981 ) @entity1 treated with chemotherapy but not definitively evaluated in an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) setting. To determine the factors affecting the outcome of allogeneic BMT for adults with precursor B-lineage @entity981 in first or second complete remission (CR), a total of 41 consecutive @entity1 with a successful karyotype were enrolled in this study. There were 21 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 with a median age of 27 (15-43) years. The distribution of @entity8461 ( @entity8461 ) subtypes was as follows: L1 (n = 26), L2 (n = 15). Unfavourable karyotypes (n = 12) were defined as Ph+ or t(4;11). Disease status at the time of transplant was first CR (n = 35) or second CR (n = 6). With a median follow-up of 36 months, the 3-year probabilities of relapse and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) were 36.3 +/- 8.4% and 57.3 +/- 8.4% respectively. Potential variables predicting worse relapse and @entity66 were @entity8461 subtype (L2), extramedullary involvement, pre-BMT status (second CR), unfavourable karyotype and type of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Further multivariate analysis showed that karyotype and pre-BMT status were independently associated with relapse and @entity66 . In addition, chronic @entity2132 was found to be significantly associated with a lower relapse rate.

title: Influence of karyotype on outcome of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for adults with precursor B-lineage XXXX in first or second remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity8461 :: ('MESH:C538208', 'Disease') :: ['French-American-British', 'FAB']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: We reviewed 11 @entity1 who had been treated between January 1986 and June 1994 for severe @entity13256 by tendon transfer with microvascular free flaps. Their mean age was 5.6 years (3 to 8). Five had simultaneous tendon transfer and a microvascular free flap and six had separate operations. The mean interval between the tendon transfer and the microvascular free flap was 5.8 months (2 to 15) and the mean time between the @entity1796 .6 months (2 to 21). The anterior tibial tendon was split in five of six cases. The posterior tibial tendon was used three times and the extensor digitorum longus tendon twice. The mean follow-up was 39.7 months (24 to 126). There were nine excellent and two good results. @entity260 included loosening of the transferred tendon (2), @entity1159 (1) mild @entity5109 (1) and @entity2805 (2). We recommend tendon transfer with a microvascular free flap in @entity1 with @entity13256 combined with nerve @entity272 , soft tissue and tendon.

title: Tendon transfer with a microvascular free flap for injured feet in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['flat foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['injury and extensive loss of skin']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury and the tendon transfer was 9']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['plantar flexion contracture']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars']

entities_list: @entity13256 :: ('MESH:D018409', 'Disease') :: ['foot injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Proteases are important for neoplastic invasion but a specific role for the plasminogen activator system in the progression of @entity14 to @entity1412 remains unclear. Consecutive tissue cryosections of 51 @entity652 , 49 distant mucosa samples and five mucosa samples from control subjects were histopathologically analysed for @entity1141 grade and tissue type, urokinase plasminogen activator levels and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) using immunosorbent methods. Plasminogen activation and urokinase-mediated proteolytic activity levels were assessed using in situ zymography. Plasminogen activation and tissue-type activator levels were lower in @entity652 than in mucosae (P < 0.001). @entity2289 concentration and urokinase levels were higher in @entity652 than in mucosae (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively). In @entity652 , urokinase concentration increased in parallel with @entity2289 , but only the urokinase levels correlated with the @entity1141 grade (P < 0.01). Thus, the alterations in plasminogen activation correlated with @entity5115 grading. In the mucosa to @entity652 , a marked decrease in tissue-type plasminogen activator occurred. In @entity652 , this decrease was accompanied by a concomitant increase in urokinase and @entity2289 . The urokinase level only continued to rise in parallel with the @entity1141 grade. Resulting protease-antiprotease imbalance in high-grade @entity1141 may represent the phenotypic change associated with malignant transformation and invasive behaviour.

title: Alterations in plasminogen activation correlate with XXXX grading in colorectal adenomas.

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cell dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma transition']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5115 :: (MESH:C567703,Disease) :: ['epithelial cell dysplasia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6444 is a rare form of @entity1778 which occurs in adults and in younger @entity1 @entity1129 . Among others, complex chromosome aberrations of chromosome 12 have been described in this disease. We searched for deletions of the 12p13 region as the result of these chromosome rearrangements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Paired leukemic and non-leukemic cells were obtained from a series of 21 @entity1 suffering @entity6444 . Loss of heterozygosity was searched for by microsatellite typing using a fluorescent automated laser DNA sequencer to analyze the amplification products. Proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Southern blot analysis of one @entity1 was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Loss of heterozygosity of the 12p13 region, including the @entity9604 and @entity13525 genes, was detected in nine of these 21 cases (43%). Western and Southern blot analyses of one case demonstrated a biallelic deletion which did not include @entity9604 . Taken together, our results defined a minimal region of deletion of less than one Mb flanked by the markers b312C2T7 and D12S320, excluding @entity9604 as a candidate gene. Deletion of the 12p13 region is thus a highly recurrent genetic event in @entity6444 .

title: Recurrent molecular deletion of the 12p13 region, centromeric to @entity9604 / @entity9604 , in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['mature leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['suffering ataxia telangiectasia']

answer: @entity6444 :: (MESH:D015461,Disease) :: ['T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6444 is a rare form of @entity1778 which occurs in adults and in younger @entity1 @entity1129 . Among others, complex chromosome aberrations of chromosome 12 have been described in this disease. We searched for deletions of the 12p13 region as the result of these chromosome rearrangements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Paired leukemic and non-leukemic cells were obtained from a series of 21 @entity1 suffering @entity6444 . Loss of heterozygosity was searched for by microsatellite typing using a fluorescent automated laser DNA sequencer to analyze the amplification products. Proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Southern blot analysis of one @entity1 was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Loss of heterozygosity of the 12p13 region, including the @entity9604 and @entity13525 genes, was detected in nine of these 21 cases (43%). Western and Southern blot analyses of one case demonstrated a biallelic deletion which did not include @entity9604 . Taken together, our results defined a minimal region of deletion of less than one Mb flanked by the markers b312C2T7 and D12S320, excluding @entity9604 as a candidate gene. Deletion of the 12p13 region is thus a highly recurrent genetic event in @entity6444 .

title: Recurrent molecular deletion of the 12p13 region, centromeric to XXXX / @entity9604 , in @entity6444 .

answer: @entity9604 :: (2120,Gene) :: ['ETV6']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6444 is a rare form of @entity1778 which occurs in adults and in younger @entity1 @entity1129 . Among others, complex chromosome aberrations of chromosome 12 have been described in this disease. We searched for deletions of the 12p13 region as the result of these chromosome rearrangements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Paired leukemic and non-leukemic cells were obtained from a series of 21 @entity1 suffering @entity6444 . Loss of heterozygosity was searched for by microsatellite typing using a fluorescent automated laser DNA sequencer to analyze the amplification products. Proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Southern blot analysis of one @entity1 was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Loss of heterozygosity of the 12p13 region, including the @entity9604 and @entity13525 genes, was detected in nine of these 21 cases (43%). Western and Southern blot analyses of one case demonstrated a biallelic deletion which did not include @entity9604 . Taken together, our results defined a minimal region of deletion of less than one Mb flanked by the markers b312C2T7 and D12S320, excluding @entity9604 as a candidate gene. Deletion of the 12p13 region is thus a highly recurrent genetic event in @entity6444 .

title: Recurrent molecular deletion of the 12p13 region, centromeric to @entity9604 / XXXX , in @entity6444 .

answer: @entity9604 :: (2120,Gene) :: ['TEL']