abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity295 leads to high mortality, therefore risk stratification is important. The abbMEDS (abbreviated Mortality Emergency Department @entity295 ) score assesses @entity295 severity and predicts mortality. In @entity497 , the CURB-65 (Confusion, Urea, Respiration, Blood pressure, Age) also provides support in clinical decisions regarding antibiotic treatment and clinical disposition. We investigated the predictive value and feasibility of the abbMEDS and CURB-65 in @entity295 @entity1 at the @entity2613 and the relationship between the scores and antibiotic treatment and clinical disposition (i.e. admission and type of ward). METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we included 725 @entity295 @entity1 at the @entity2613 . We investigated the value in predicting 28-day mortality and feasibility of both scores. We calibrated the abbMEDS. We further assessed the relationship between the three risk categories per score and antibiotic treatment (i.e. oral and intravenous narrow or broad-spectrum) and clinical disposition. RESULTS: Both abbMEDS and CURB-65 were good predictors of 28-day mortality (13.0%) (AUC 0.77 [95% CI 0.72 - 0.83] and 0.73 [95% CI 0.67 - 0.78], respectively) and feasible (complete score 92.7 and 93.9%, respectively). In the high risk category of the abbMEDS, all @entity1 were admitted and treated with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics. In the high risk category of the CURB-65, 2.5% were not admitted and 4.4% received no antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Both abbMEDS and CURB-65 are good predictors of 28-day mortality in septic @entity2613 @entity1 . The abbMEDS is well calibrated and matches current clinical decisions concerning antibiotic treatment and clinical disposition, while this is less so for the CURB-65. In the future, use of the abbMEDS at the @entity2613 may improve @entity295 care when its value as a decision support tool can be confirmed.

title: Risk stratification by abbMEDS and CURB-65 in relation to treatment and clinical disposition of the septic XXXX at the emergency department: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: Over the last two decades, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been proposed in various causes of @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) but some indications are debated. Current trends in NIV use are unknown. METHODS: Comparison of three multicenter prospective audits including all @entity1 receiving mechanical ventilation and conducted in 1997, 2002, and 2011 in francophone countries. RESULTS: Among the 4132 @entity1 enrolled, 2094 (51  %) required ventilatory support for @entity1576 and 2038 (49 %) for non-respiratory conditions. Overall NIV use was markedly increased in 2010/11 compared to 1997 and 2002 (37  % of mechanically ventilated @entity1 vs. 16  % and 28  %, P  <  0.05). In 2010/11, the use of first-line NIV for @entity1576 had reached a plateau (24  % vs. 16  % and 23  %, P  <  0.05) whereas pre-ICU and post-extubation NIV had substantially increased (11  % vs. 4  % and 11  % vs. 7  %, respectively, P  <  0.05). First-line NIV remained stable in acute-on-chronic RF, continued to increase in @entity3126 , but decreased in de novo @entity1576 (16  % in 2010/11 vs. 23  % in 2002, P  <  0.05). The NIV success rate increased from 56  % in 2002 to 70  % in 2010/11 and remained the lowest in de novo @entity1576 . NIV failure in de novo @entity1576 was associated with increased mortality in 2002 but not in 2010/11. Mortality decreased over time, and overall, NIV use was associated with a lower mortality. CONCLUSION: Increases in NIV use and success rate, an overall decrease in mortality, and a decrease of the adverse impact NIV failure has in de novo @entity1576 suggest better @entity1 selection and greater proficiency of staff in administering NIV. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT01449331.

title: Changing use of noninvasive ventilation in critically ill XXXX : trends over 15  years in francophone countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic pulmonary edema']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The evolution and phenotypic expression of mucosal lesions of the @entity356 were investigated in male @entity35 submitted to gastric resection with reconstruction by the Billroth II technique (BII with biliopancreatic reflux, BPR) or by the Roux-en-Y procedure (without BPR). Animals were studied at 24, 36, 54 and 64 weeks after surgery and the phenotypic expression of lesions analysed using routine @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining, immunohistochemical staining for pepsinogen isoenzyme 1 and histochemical procedures for mucins (paradoxical concanavalin A, @entity3649 oxidase Schiff (GOS) and sialidase GOS reactions). BPR was found to be responsible for the formation of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ), increasing in incidence and size with time, since the Roux-en-Y procedure failed to induce the @entity356 lesions observed after BII reconstruction. AHs always occurred in the transition of the @entity3161 , a site offering special conditions for BPR influence, and were classified as gastric (G), intestinal (I) and G+I types according to their phenotypic expression. No pure I type @entity1412 was diagnosed at any time point. The G and G+I types developed at approximately equal incidences (i.e., G type 7/17, G+I type 10/17 at the 64th week). It was suggested that both gastric and intestinal mucosal elements were stimulated to proliferate by BPR, with the @entity356 tending to demonstrate @entity1412 . Intestinal type components of @entity1412 were found adjacent to the jejunum and not at the stomach margin, indicating an origin from intestinal mucosa. No metaplasia of the @entity356 was observed in any animal after partial gastric resection. In 101 @entity35 submitted to the BII procedure, 5 mucinous @entity420 were eventually diagnosed, mostly located in the subserosa of the @entity3161 . All @entity189 expressed the phenotype of cells of the small intestine. Evidence of @entity1373 was not observed even at the 64th week. In conclusion, all lesions induced by BPR in the @entity35 remnant stomach are benign, and the few true @entity5 that arise in association are derived from the small intestine.

title: Gastric and small intestinal lesions after partial stomach resection with Billroth II or Roux-en-Y reconstruction in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation within the gastric components of AH']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['gastrojejunal junction']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous hyperplasia', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa', 'gastric stump']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Shunt revision is inevitable in most shunted hydrocephalic @entity1 but the revisions rarely affect the prognosis markedly. This report presents the case of an otherwise healthy @entity1 who, after an uneventful gestation and birth, manifested @entity1276 in the neonatal period and was shunted at the age of 3 months. His subsequent development and school performance were normal until the age of 10 years, when he developed his first episode of @entity409 . During the emergency shunt revision, @entity548 occurred, causing @entity16 and signs. In the promptly undertaken reoperation external drainage was inserted but accidentally without a functioning air needle. The intracranial pressure (ICP) rose to 40 cm @entity2507 before correction. These incidents were followed by a 4-month period of unstable shunt function (12 reoperations) and deteriorating neurology. When stable shunt function was eventually achieved, he had severe @entity1159 , minimal active motor function and no active speech. During a 2-year period of rehabilitation, he recovered almost normal motor function and normal intellectual function. Memory functions, vigilance and concentration span remained clearly subnormal. He returned to normal school and his performance is average. It is concluded that the relatively favourable outcome is the probable result of reversible partial @entity3976 and @entity428 .

title: Clinical outcome after near-fatal late shunt complication in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased ICP']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['acute neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['shunt dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: Two @entity420 cell lines, Breast M25-SF and Breast M, were established from @entity5 tissue resected surgically from a @entity1 with @entity0 . One, Breast M25-SF, expresses @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) on the cell surface and the other, Breast M does not. The effects of recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) on the proliferation of these cell lines were investigated. The growth of Breast M25-SF was significantly promoted by @entity5041 ranging from 1.25 U/ml to 640 U/ml. Anti- @entity2902 (Tac) antibody significantly blocked the growth enhancement of Breast M25-SF by @entity5041 . Breast M, however, did not respond to @entity5041 . To confirm more directly the promotion of Breast M25-SF growth by @entity5041 , cloning of @entity1199 responders from parent Breast M25-SF cells was carried out by limiting dilution without feeder cells in 96-well microplates. No colony formation was found in 24 wells without @entity5041 . Eleven, 13 and 6 clones were established from groups of 24 wells containing @entity5041 at 200, 20 and 2 U/ml respectively. All of the clones expressed @entity2902 and respond to @entity5041 . By using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction technique, we demonstrated that Breast M25-SF but not Breast M expressed @entity1199 mRNA, and @entity1199 secretion from Breast M25-SF but not Breast M was also confirmed by radioimmunoassay. These findings suggest a role for @entity1199 in autocrine support of Breast M25-SF growth. @entity1199 may play an important role in the growth control of @entity0 cells.

title: Increased proliferation of a @entity1 @entity0 cell line by recombinant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: Two @entity420 cell lines, Breast M25-SF and Breast M, were established from @entity5 tissue resected surgically from a @entity1 with @entity0 . One, Breast M25-SF, expresses @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) on the cell surface and the other, Breast M does not. The effects of recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) on the proliferation of these cell lines were investigated. The growth of Breast M25-SF was significantly promoted by @entity5041 ranging from 1.25 U/ml to 640 U/ml. Anti- @entity2902 (Tac) antibody significantly blocked the growth enhancement of Breast M25-SF by @entity5041 . Breast M, however, did not respond to @entity5041 . To confirm more directly the promotion of Breast M25-SF growth by @entity5041 , cloning of @entity1199 responders from parent Breast M25-SF cells was carried out by limiting dilution without feeder cells in 96-well microplates. No colony formation was found in 24 wells without @entity5041 . Eleven, 13 and 6 clones were established from groups of 24 wells containing @entity5041 at 200, 20 and 2 U/ml respectively. All of the clones expressed @entity2902 and respond to @entity5041 . By using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction technique, we demonstrated that Breast M25-SF but not Breast M expressed @entity1199 mRNA, and @entity1199 secretion from Breast M25-SF but not Breast M was also confirmed by radioimmunoassay. These findings suggest a role for @entity1199 in autocrine support of Breast M25-SF growth. @entity1199 may play an important role in the growth control of @entity0 cells.

title: Increased proliferation of a @entity1 XXXX cell line by recombinant @entity1199 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: Two @entity420 cell lines, Breast M25-SF and Breast M, were established from @entity5 tissue resected surgically from a @entity1 with @entity0 . One, Breast M25-SF, expresses @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) on the cell surface and the other, Breast M does not. The effects of recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) on the proliferation of these cell lines were investigated. The growth of Breast M25-SF was significantly promoted by @entity5041 ranging from 1.25 U/ml to 640 U/ml. Anti- @entity2902 (Tac) antibody significantly blocked the growth enhancement of Breast M25-SF by @entity5041 . Breast M, however, did not respond to @entity5041 . To confirm more directly the promotion of Breast M25-SF growth by @entity5041 , cloning of @entity1199 responders from parent Breast M25-SF cells was carried out by limiting dilution without feeder cells in 96-well microplates. No colony formation was found in 24 wells without @entity5041 . Eleven, 13 and 6 clones were established from groups of 24 wells containing @entity5041 at 200, 20 and 2 U/ml respectively. All of the clones expressed @entity2902 and respond to @entity5041 . By using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction technique, we demonstrated that Breast M25-SF but not Breast M expressed @entity1199 mRNA, and @entity1199 secretion from Breast M25-SF but not Breast M was also confirmed by radioimmunoassay. These findings suggest a role for @entity1199 in autocrine support of Breast M25-SF growth. @entity1199 may play an important role in the growth control of @entity0 cells.

title: Increased proliferation of a XXXX @entity0 cell line by recombinant @entity1199 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: An open-label, nonrandomized, multicenter study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous (i.v.) @entity2177 , followed by oral @entity2177 and/or some other antimicrobial, as presumptive (empiric) therapy in hospitalized @entity1 with clinical and bacteriologic evidence of @entity281 . Out of a total of 149 @entity1 recruited by 31 physician investigators, 148 were assessable for the determination of clinical efficacy and 102 @entity1 were assessable for bacteriologic efficacy. All 149 @entity1 were included in the evaluation of the safety of i.v. @entity2177 . The mean duration of IV @entity2177 therapy was 6 days, and 111 @entity1 were subsequently switched to oral treatment with @entity2177 and/or some other antimicrobial. A clinically favorable response was achieved using i.v. @entity2177 in 48 (75%) of 64 @entity1 with @entity55 ; 4 (80%) of 5 @entity1 with other @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ); 21 (88%) of 24 @entity1 with @entity2885 ; all 7 (100%) @entity1 with complicated @entity2335 ; 16 (94%) of 17 @entity1 with other complicated urinary tract @entity281 (UTI); all 8 (100%) @entity1 with @entity2688 ; both (100%) @entity1 with infected @entity1066 ; 4 (80%) of 5 @entity1 with other skin or skin structure @entity281 ; 5 (83%) of 6 @entity1 with @entity79 ; all 8 (100%) @entity1 with @entity295 ; the 1 (100%) @entity1 with acute @entity2679 ; and the 1 (100%) @entity1 with @entity5572 . Of the 88 @entity1 from these @entity281 categories who were switched to oral @entity2177 , only 2 @entity1 (2.3%) were classified as a clinical failure at the end of all therapy. Eradication of the causative pathogen was demonstrated with i.v. @entity2177 in 18 (55%) of 33 assessable @entity1 with @entity55 ; 1 (25%) of 4 @entity1 with other @entity1729 ; 17 (81%) of 21 @entity1 with @entity2885 ; 3 (43%) of 7 @entity1 with complicated @entity2335 ; 9 (69%) of 13 @entity1 with other complicated UTI; 3 (60%) of 5 @entity1 with @entity2688 ; neither (0%) of the 2 @entity1 with infected @entity1066 ; 3 (50%) of 6 @entity1 with other skin or skin structure @entity281 ; 2 (33%) of 6 @entity1 with @entity79 ; and 4 (80%) of 5 @entity1 with @entity295 . A causative pathogen was not isolated in the 1 @entity1 with @entity5572 ; initial bacteriologic culture was not available for the @entity1 with acute @entity2679 . Of the 56 bacteriologically assessable @entity1 from these @entity281 categories who were switched to oral @entity2177 , there were only 3 @entity1 (5.4%) in whom the causative bacterial pathogens were not successfully eradicated at the end of all therapy. There were no unexpected adverse events with the use of i.v. @entity2177 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Sequential intravenous/oral XXXX as an empiric antimicrobial therapy: results of a Canadian multicenter study. The Canadian Collaborative Investigational Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone infections']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['LRTI', 'lower respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: This study was conducted to compare the coronary flow distributed by single and bilateral internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts in the setting of the left main @entity1563 . Ten @entity235 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting through a left thoracotomy, off pump, using a brief local occlusion to perform the @entity254 . @entity235 were randomly assigned to receive either a single left ITA (LITA) graft to the circumflex coronary artery (CFX), or bilateral ITA grafts, with additional placement of the right ITA (RITA) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD). After the grafts were placed, the left main coronary artery was ligated. Electromagnetic flows were obtained in the LAD and the CFX proximally and distally to ITA grafts in both groups before grafting and after grafting. ITA flow in situ was also measured before rotation from the chest wall. Total left ventricular flow requirements were satisfied equally well by either a single LITA graft (116.7 +/- 11.6 mL/min) or bilateral ITA grafts (total, 116.8 +/- 9.6 mL/min divided as LITA, 55.9 +/- 7.4 mL/min; RITA, 60.9 +/- 12.0 mL/min). When two grafts were replaced, competitive flow in the proximal regions of both native vessels was noted, although basal flow requirements were maintained. When an individual graft was occluded in the bilaterally grafted system, the remaining graft immediately recruited the additional flow, demonstrating that either right or left ITA can support flow demands five to six times higher than in situ chest wall flow (RITA, 21.9 +/- 3.1 mL/min; LITA, 22.3 +/- 4.9 mL/min). These data suggest that in this @entity235 model, a single ITA graft can support the entire flow requirements of the left ventricle. Assuming no intervening @entity850 is present in native coronary systems, bilateral ITA grafting may provide a margin of safety, but under resting conditions, provides no perfusion advantages over a single ITA graft.

title: Bilateral vs single internal thoracic artery grafting for left main XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary artery occlusion']


abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that the application of stressor paradigms in experimental animals affects @entity5 incidence and progression. However, a high heterogeneity appears both for the animal- @entity5 system used and for the characteristics of the stressor employed. A high variability was observed also with the application of rotational stress, a carefully and widely characterized mild psychological stressor, to @entity19 @entity2 . The aim of this work has been therefore to examine the possible seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors (rotational stress, forced immobilization and electric foot shock) on spontaneous lung @entity3 formation in @entity19 @entity2 . The possible participation of pineal gland and of @entity2493 have also been examined including in the experimental protocol the measurement of @entity2493 urinary excretion. The stressor paradigms used significantly increased @entity3 weight in spring, in comparison with non-stressed animals. When examined in winter, rotational stress and foot shock significantly decreased @entity3 formation, in comparison with non-stressed @entity19 . The effects of forced immobilization were not season-dependent. The @entity2493 urinary excretion has been measured in relation to the seasonal effects of rotational stress. Nocturnal @entity2493 excretion is markedly increased by rotational stress in spring and is remarkably decreased in winter. These variations in endogenous @entity2493 levels caused by rotational stress appear to directly correlate with the effects of the stressor or @entity3 . These results lend support to the view that the mechanisms underlying the @entity5 enhancing action of stressors involve the psychoneuroendocrine network, and indicate the relevance of chronobiology in experimental @entity5 research and neuro-immuno-modulation.

title: Seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors on @entity5 @entity3 in @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['bearing Lewis lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['bearing Lewis lung carcinoma']


abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that the application of stressor paradigms in experimental animals affects @entity5 incidence and progression. However, a high heterogeneity appears both for the animal- @entity5 system used and for the characteristics of the stressor employed. A high variability was observed also with the application of rotational stress, a carefully and widely characterized mild psychological stressor, to @entity19 @entity2 . The aim of this work has been therefore to examine the possible seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors (rotational stress, forced immobilization and electric foot shock) on spontaneous lung @entity3 formation in @entity19 @entity2 . The possible participation of pineal gland and of @entity2493 have also been examined including in the experimental protocol the measurement of @entity2493 urinary excretion. The stressor paradigms used significantly increased @entity3 weight in spring, in comparison with non-stressed animals. When examined in winter, rotational stress and foot shock significantly decreased @entity3 formation, in comparison with non-stressed @entity19 . The effects of forced immobilization were not season-dependent. The @entity2493 urinary excretion has been measured in relation to the seasonal effects of rotational stress. Nocturnal @entity2493 excretion is markedly increased by rotational stress in spring and is remarkably decreased in winter. These variations in endogenous @entity2493 levels caused by rotational stress appear to directly correlate with the effects of the stressor or @entity3 . These results lend support to the view that the mechanisms underlying the @entity5 enhancing action of stressors involve the psychoneuroendocrine network, and indicate the relevance of chronobiology in experimental @entity5 research and neuro-immuno-modulation.

title: Seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors on @entity5 XXXX in @entity19 @entity2 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that the application of stressor paradigms in experimental animals affects @entity5 incidence and progression. However, a high heterogeneity appears both for the animal- @entity5 system used and for the characteristics of the stressor employed. A high variability was observed also with the application of rotational stress, a carefully and widely characterized mild psychological stressor, to @entity19 @entity2 . The aim of this work has been therefore to examine the possible seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors (rotational stress, forced immobilization and electric foot shock) on spontaneous lung @entity3 formation in @entity19 @entity2 . The possible participation of pineal gland and of @entity2493 have also been examined including in the experimental protocol the measurement of @entity2493 urinary excretion. The stressor paradigms used significantly increased @entity3 weight in spring, in comparison with non-stressed animals. When examined in winter, rotational stress and foot shock significantly decreased @entity3 formation, in comparison with non-stressed @entity19 . The effects of forced immobilization were not season-dependent. The @entity2493 urinary excretion has been measured in relation to the seasonal effects of rotational stress. Nocturnal @entity2493 excretion is markedly increased by rotational stress in spring and is remarkably decreased in winter. These variations in endogenous @entity2493 levels caused by rotational stress appear to directly correlate with the effects of the stressor or @entity3 . These results lend support to the view that the mechanisms underlying the @entity5 enhancing action of stressors involve the psychoneuroendocrine network, and indicate the relevance of chronobiology in experimental @entity5 research and neuro-immuno-modulation.

title: Seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors on XXXX @entity3 in @entity19 @entity2 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that the application of stressor paradigms in experimental animals affects @entity5 incidence and progression. However, a high heterogeneity appears both for the animal- @entity5 system used and for the characteristics of the stressor employed. A high variability was observed also with the application of rotational stress, a carefully and widely characterized mild psychological stressor, to @entity19 @entity2 . The aim of this work has been therefore to examine the possible seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors (rotational stress, forced immobilization and electric foot shock) on spontaneous lung @entity3 formation in @entity19 @entity2 . The possible participation of pineal gland and of @entity2493 have also been examined including in the experimental protocol the measurement of @entity2493 urinary excretion. The stressor paradigms used significantly increased @entity3 weight in spring, in comparison with non-stressed animals. When examined in winter, rotational stress and foot shock significantly decreased @entity3 formation, in comparison with non-stressed @entity19 . The effects of forced immobilization were not season-dependent. The @entity2493 urinary excretion has been measured in relation to the seasonal effects of rotational stress. Nocturnal @entity2493 excretion is markedly increased by rotational stress in spring and is remarkably decreased in winter. These variations in endogenous @entity2493 levels caused by rotational stress appear to directly correlate with the effects of the stressor or @entity3 . These results lend support to the view that the mechanisms underlying the @entity5 enhancing action of stressors involve the psychoneuroendocrine network, and indicate the relevance of chronobiology in experimental @entity5 research and neuro-immuno-modulation.

title: Seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors on @entity5 @entity3 in XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: Computerized tomographic (CT) scan-guided percutaneous @entity6177 has changed the colon and rectal surgeon's approach to preoperative and @entity1320 . This study is an effort to prove the efficacy of CT scan-guided percutaneous drainage. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 133 @entity1 who underwent CT scan @entity6177 over a 6.3-year period. RESULTS: 67 @entity1 had underlying lower @entity344 . Twenty-three of these @entity1 (34 percent) had spontaneous abscesses and underwent drainage as a preoperative or final modality, whereas 44 @entity1 (66 percent) were drained postoperatively. In 78 percent of @entity1 , surgery was successfully avoided or delayed. Ten @entity1 had acute @entity4436 associated with a large pelvic abscess. Eight @entity1 underwent successful CT scan-guided percutaneous drainage, yielding an 80 percent success rate. Morbidity from the CT scan-guided percutaneous drainage procedure in spontaneous and postoperative groups was 0 percent and 9 percent, respectively. Mortality was 9 percent and 11 percent, respectively, and associated with an elevated Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score. CONCLUSION: CT scan-guided percutaneous @entity6177 is an important adjunct to colon and rectal surgery because roughly 80 percent of spontaneous and postoperative abscesses were successfully managed.

title: Computerized tomographic scan-guided XXXX . Preoperative and postoperative modalities in colon and rectal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative intra-abdominal infections']

answer: @entity6177 :: (MESH:D018784,Disease) :: ['drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses']


abstract: The @entity2040 , the early stage of schistosomal disease, occurs 3 to 6 weeks after @entity281 . The main symptoms are @entity221 , @entity110 , @entity4 and @entity6191 . @entity1712 is a constant finding. The syndrome developed in a group of Dutch tourists after a visit in early November 1975 to the Omo National Park, southwest Ethiopia. Eight out of 10 infected @entity1 became clinically ill. The incubation period varied from 4 to 41 days with a mean of 26 days. Pyrexia occurred in 6 @entity1 , usually associated with @entity10 and @entity925 ; only to one @entity1 the @entity221 lasted for more than two weeks. @entity221 followed by @entity4 was present in one @entity1 . Two @entity1 were afebrile, one suffered from @entity110 , the other from @entity6191 . Two visitors remained asymptomatic, but the results of serological tests showed that they were also infected. The liver function was disturbed in one @entity1 during the febrile period and further deteriorated during treatment with @entity27021 . @entity383 eggs were detected in small numbers in two @entity1 , 6 months and 19 months after @entity281 . Obviously the tourists harboured few adult worms. They probably had been infected by few cercariae; the possibility that they were infected by cercariae of a @entity383 not well adapted to @entity1 was considered.

title: The XXXX ; an outbreak in Dutch tourists to the Omo National Park, Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons', 'man']

entities_list: @entity27021 :: ('MESH:D009560', 'Chemical') :: ['niridazole']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity383 :: ('99802', 'Species') :: ['S. mansoni', 'S. mansoni strain']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['Katayama syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['general malaise']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pains']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['Katayama syndrome']


abstract: @entity5516 ( @entity5516 ) is characterised by @entity410 that are regularly elicited by some specific stimulus or event mediated by neural pathways. In a prospective study of 1287 @entity302 @entity1 seen at Peradeniya, 223 (17.3%) were found to have @entity5516 , eating being the commonest stimulus (191 @entity1 , 85.7%). @entity5516 ( @entity5516 ) was relatively rare. Intermittent photic stimulation on 874 unselected @entity302 @entity1 produced a positive @entity43205 response in 60 (6.9%). None had photosensitive @entity410 , but 3 had a higher frequency of @entity410 while watching television. @entity5516 ( @entity5516 ) had the highest prevalence at Peradeniya (148/1000 @entity302 @entity1 ). This group was male predominant, and the onset of @entity302 in most cases was in the second decade. The majority experienced @entity410 . Repetitive and chronic stimulation of the amygdala during eating is suggested as the mechanism underlying @entity5516 . Twenty-one @entity1 had @entity410 evoked by calculation, problem solving or spatial tasks. @entity3149 was the commonest form of @entity302 in them. Although @entity5516 itself is rare, @entity302 ( @entity302 ) was common. There were 8 @entity1 who self-induced @entity410 . The majority were photosensitive and they induced @entity410 by gazing at the sun and waving a hand in front of the eyes. In the management of REs, clobazam produced impressive results. As for possible @entity410 -inhibitory mechanisms, our studies on a "Sathi" mediator showed definite EEG changes during mediation. Can mediation increase the @entity410 -threshold and abort or prevent the propagation of the @entity302 discharge? The answer, apart from its possible therapeutic applications, may provide insight into the mechanisms of @entity410 generation.

title: XXXX : experience in Sri Lanka.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'partial complex seizures']

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['Photosensitive epilepsy', 'Eating epilepsy', 'PSE', 'RE', 'Reflex epilepsy', 'EE']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'self-induced epilepsy', 'SIE']

entities_list: @entity3149 :: ('MESH:D020190', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity43205 :: ('OMIM:132100', 'Disease') :: ['photoconvulsive']

answer: @entity5516 :: (MESH:D020195,Disease) :: ['Reflex epilepsies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity594 (group 1) with @entity12833 (group 2) in the management of pregnancy induced @entity101 (PIH). DESIGN: A prospective clinical trial. SETTING: Obstetric Unit, General Hospital, Peradeniya. @entity1 : A total of 126 @entity1 with PIH were allocated alternately to either group. The @entity1 in group 1 received @entity594 30 to 90 mg/day and in group 2 @entity12833 750 to 2000 mg/day. MEASUREMENTS: Blood pressure, the extra days added to the pregnancy, number of @entity1 treated for acute @entity101 episodes, maturity of fetus at birth, mode of delivery, birth weight, intrauterine deaths, Apgar score, maternal side effects and complications. RESULTS: The two groups on admission to the study had similar periods of gestation (group 1, 33.6 + 5.9, group 2, 34.1 + 4.2), systolic blood pressure in mmHg (151 + 22, and 154 + 24) and diastolic blood pressure (108 + 12, and 108 + 12). The results showed no differences between the two groups, with respect to maturity of fetus at delivery (35.1 + 5.5, and 35.7 + 2.9), mode of delivery, number of intrauterine deaths, average systolic blood pressure in mmHg (148 + 14 and 152 + 16), average diastolic blood pressure (102 + 8 and 104 + 9), highest systolic blood pressure (169 + 24 and 167 + 30), highest diastolic blood pressure (115 + 12 and 116 + 11), birth weight in kg (2.015 + 0.957, and 1.922 + 0.660) and number of days added to the pregnancy (7 + 7, 9 + 11). The Apgar score for group 2 was better than in group 1, and less @entity1 in group 2 required treatment for acute @entity101 during the period of study. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicate that @entity594 is as effective as @entity12833 in the treatment of PIH.

title: A comparison of @entity594 with XXXX in pregnancy induced @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity12833 :: ('MESH:D008750', 'Chemical') :: ['methyldopa']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity12833 :: (MESH:D008750,Chemical) :: ['methyldopa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity594 (group 1) with @entity12833 (group 2) in the management of pregnancy induced @entity101 (PIH). DESIGN: A prospective clinical trial. SETTING: Obstetric Unit, General Hospital, Peradeniya. @entity1 : A total of 126 @entity1 with PIH were allocated alternately to either group. The @entity1 in group 1 received @entity594 30 to 90 mg/day and in group 2 @entity12833 750 to 2000 mg/day. MEASUREMENTS: Blood pressure, the extra days added to the pregnancy, number of @entity1 treated for acute @entity101 episodes, maturity of fetus at birth, mode of delivery, birth weight, intrauterine deaths, Apgar score, maternal side effects and complications. RESULTS: The two groups on admission to the study had similar periods of gestation (group 1, 33.6 + 5.9, group 2, 34.1 + 4.2), systolic blood pressure in mmHg (151 + 22, and 154 + 24) and diastolic blood pressure (108 + 12, and 108 + 12). The results showed no differences between the two groups, with respect to maturity of fetus at delivery (35.1 + 5.5, and 35.7 + 2.9), mode of delivery, number of intrauterine deaths, average systolic blood pressure in mmHg (148 + 14 and 152 + 16), average diastolic blood pressure (102 + 8 and 104 + 9), highest systolic blood pressure (169 + 24 and 167 + 30), highest diastolic blood pressure (115 + 12 and 116 + 11), birth weight in kg (2.015 + 0.957, and 1.922 + 0.660) and number of days added to the pregnancy (7 + 7, 9 + 11). The Apgar score for group 2 was better than in group 1, and less @entity1 in group 2 required treatment for acute @entity101 during the period of study. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicate that @entity594 is as effective as @entity12833 in the treatment of PIH.

title: A comparison of @entity594 with @entity12833 in pregnancy induced XXXX .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity594 (group 1) with @entity12833 (group 2) in the management of pregnancy induced @entity101 (PIH). DESIGN: A prospective clinical trial. SETTING: Obstetric Unit, General Hospital, Peradeniya. @entity1 : A total of 126 @entity1 with PIH were allocated alternately to either group. The @entity1 in group 1 received @entity594 30 to 90 mg/day and in group 2 @entity12833 750 to 2000 mg/day. MEASUREMENTS: Blood pressure, the extra days added to the pregnancy, number of @entity1 treated for acute @entity101 episodes, maturity of fetus at birth, mode of delivery, birth weight, intrauterine deaths, Apgar score, maternal side effects and complications. RESULTS: The two groups on admission to the study had similar periods of gestation (group 1, 33.6 + 5.9, group 2, 34.1 + 4.2), systolic blood pressure in mmHg (151 + 22, and 154 + 24) and diastolic blood pressure (108 + 12, and 108 + 12). The results showed no differences between the two groups, with respect to maturity of fetus at delivery (35.1 + 5.5, and 35.7 + 2.9), mode of delivery, number of intrauterine deaths, average systolic blood pressure in mmHg (148 + 14 and 152 + 16), average diastolic blood pressure (102 + 8 and 104 + 9), highest systolic blood pressure (169 + 24 and 167 + 30), highest diastolic blood pressure (115 + 12 and 116 + 11), birth weight in kg (2.015 + 0.957, and 1.922 + 0.660) and number of days added to the pregnancy (7 + 7, 9 + 11). The Apgar score for group 2 was better than in group 1, and less @entity1 in group 2 required treatment for acute @entity101 during the period of study. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicate that @entity594 is as effective as @entity12833 in the treatment of PIH.

title: A comparison of XXXX with @entity12833 in pregnancy induced @entity101 .

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: Thyroid peroxidase ( @entity5787 ) is an important enzyme in the production of thyroid hormone and one of the major autoantigens in @entity1669 . The gene for @entity1 thyroid peroxidase encodes a single 933 @entity535 polypeptide chain. However, several reports have suggested that it exists in both high- and low-molecular-weight forms and the exact structure of the native enzyme is not known. We examined the structure of @entity5787 using two monoclonal antibodies against different portions of @entity5787 , a polyclonal mouse antiserum raised against a 300 @entity535 fragment of @entity5787 and autoantibodies directed against @entity5787 obtained from @entity1 with @entity1669 . Western blots performed under nonreducing conditions identified three bands of approximately 220-230 kDa and two bands of 105 and 110 kDa that appeared to be immunologic @entity5787 . After reduction, the @entity5787 activity migrated as a smear of bands from 105 to 110 kDa, suggesting that the higher molecular weight form of the enzyme is a @entity1520 -linked dimer. @entity1 with @entity1669 showed higher rates of recognition of the dimer than the reduced monomer when serologic reactivity was analyzed by Western blots. Eighty-three percent (40 of 48) of @entity1 with @entity2743 and 76% (34 of 45) of @entity2621 @entity1 recognized the dimer form of @entity5787 , while 48% (23 of 48) of Graves' and 60% (27 of 45) of @entity2621 @entity1 recognized reduced monomer @entity5787 , even though both forms were denatured with @entity214 . Antibodies against different portions of the @entity5787 chain all bound to the 105 kDa bands, indicating that the @entity5787 chain is not bisected during posttranslational processing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: An analysis of the structure and antigenicity of different forms of XXXX thyroid peroxidase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's", "Hashimoto's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Several genetic mechanisms have been shown to diversify the expressed antibody repertoire of committed B lymphocytes. These include V gene replacement, ongoing gene rearrangement and somatic hypermutation. These mechanisms may be operational at discrete points in the B cell differentiation pathway and generate idiotype diversity in various @entity5 . In particular, V region mutations have been established as a major mechanism of @entity5 escape from anti-idiotype immunotherapy in some @entity706 . On the other hand, previous studies on a few selected cases have shown that this mutation process does not affect the B cell clone during @entity1072 . However, to what extent this intraclonal stability is a general phenomenon during B cell CLL is not clear. Therefore, we randomly selected 6 @entity1 suffering from classical B cell CLL (sIgM (+), @entity5893 (+), @entity1075 (+)) at different stages of the disease and analysed the intraclonal variability of the expressed variable region of the heavy chain (VH). After PCR amplification of the cDNA corresponding to the rearranged VDJ regions, the products were cloned and sequenced. In five cases, multiple clone analysis did not show any intraclonal variability whatever the stage of the disease. Furthermore, in a single case, this intraclonal stability was confirmed during a three year period of time when the disease progressed. The sixth case behaved differently since we found multiple @entity377 substitutions, apparently accumulating as the malignant clone expanded. Besides the theoretical difficulties that these changes can induce during immunotherapy, two findings merit further discussion: 1) the distribution of the ongoing mutations affecting the VH region was not suggestive of an antigen driven selection, 2) this intraclonal variability was specific for the VH region, since the VL region showed no intraclonal variation.

title: Molecular analysis of rearranged VH genes during XXXX : intraclonal stability is frequent but not constant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant B cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: Bilateral block of the 5th through the 11th intercostal nerves was induced in 16 healthy @entity1 . In eight of the @entity1 , @entity1341 0.25% was used and in the other eight, @entity39205 0.5%. Before and after induction of the block flow/volume curves, maximal airway pressures, and pulmonary compliance, were recorded, and helium spirometry and multiple and single breath @entity1568 wash-outs were performed. There were no differences between the results in the two groups, and the material was therefore pooled. Total lung capacity was decreased by 4%. There was no increase in residual volume, though the maximal expiratory airway pressure decreased by 7%. There was an 8% decrease in functional residual capacity. Pulmonary recoil appeared to be unchanged, as also did the effort-independent peak expiratory flow rates. According to the pulmonary @entity1568 clearance index, the overall pulmonary time constant did not alter, while the slope of the alveolar plateau in the single breath @entity1568 wash-out test increased by 9%. The significance of the latter finding is unclear, but it is concluded that the @entity616 had no obvious effects on pulmonary mechanics, the changes observed rather being attributable to effects on the chest wall.

title: Effects of intercostal nerve blocks on pulmonary mechanics in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity39205 :: ('MESH:D005041', 'Chemical') :: ['etidocaine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Forty-six @entity1 were evaluated for complaints of @entity322 . Diagnostic testing included a detailed history, physical examination, urine analysis, and urodynamic studies consisting of a conventional urodynamic test (S.I.) including provocative manoeuvres and extramural ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (e.a.m.). We compared the pre-classification diagnoses obtained from the medical history with both urodynamic tests. Conventional cystometry detected @entity1344 in 8 @entity1 out of 16 with a history of urgency, while a normal detrusor behaviour was observed in the other 8. "Provocative" manoeuvres yielded an additional 13.3%. Extramural ambulatory monitoring confirmed the diagnosis in the 8 @entity1 with @entity2915 and revealed @entity1344 in a further 7. E.a.m. proved adequate in 93.7% of @entity1 with symptoms of @entity1344 . In the group of @entity1 with @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ) e.a.m. revealed @entity1344 in 18.7% of the @entity1 , but did not significantly improved the diagnostic results obtained by S.I. Coughing was the most effective stimulus to objectify @entity3142 . The comparison of the results obtained with S.I. and those obtained with home e.a.m. will probably lead to a more rational use of both methods. Our data confirm the promising impact of ambulatory urodynamic investigation.

title: Standard and extramural ambulatory urodynamic investigation for the diagnosis of @entity1344 -correlated XXXX and micturition disorders.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence or voiding disorders']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor instability']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['urinary stress incontinence', 'stress incontinence', 'USI']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Forty-six @entity1 were evaluated for complaints of @entity322 . Diagnostic testing included a detailed history, physical examination, urine analysis, and urodynamic studies consisting of a conventional urodynamic test (S.I.) including provocative manoeuvres and extramural ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (e.a.m.). We compared the pre-classification diagnoses obtained from the medical history with both urodynamic tests. Conventional cystometry detected @entity1344 in 8 @entity1 out of 16 with a history of urgency, while a normal detrusor behaviour was observed in the other 8. "Provocative" manoeuvres yielded an additional 13.3%. Extramural ambulatory monitoring confirmed the diagnosis in the 8 @entity1 with @entity2915 and revealed @entity1344 in a further 7. E.a.m. proved adequate in 93.7% of @entity1 with symptoms of @entity1344 . In the group of @entity1 with @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ) e.a.m. revealed @entity1344 in 18.7% of the @entity1 , but did not significantly improved the diagnostic results obtained by S.I. Coughing was the most effective stimulus to objectify @entity3142 . The comparison of the results obtained with S.I. and those obtained with home e.a.m. will probably lead to a more rational use of both methods. Our data confirm the promising impact of ambulatory urodynamic investigation.

title: Standard and extramural ambulatory urodynamic investigation for the diagnosis of XXXX -correlated @entity322 and micturition disorders.

answer: @entity1344 :: (MESH:D043171,Disease) :: ['detrusor instability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Psychiatric Inpatient @entity1 Experience Questionnaire (PIPEQ) was developed for post-discharge measurements of experiences, but the low response rates associated with post-discharge surveys restrict their usefulness. A new questionnaire was developed based on the PIPEQ for on-site measurements of @entity1 experiences: the PIPEQ-OS. The aim of this study was to psychometrically test the PIPEQ-OS using data from a nationally representative survey conducted in Norway in 2014. METHODS: Data were collected using a nationally representative @entity1 -experience survey; 25  % of the institutions in each of the 4 health regions in Norway were randomly selected, yielding a total of 26 institutions. The PIPEQ-OS questionnaire was completed by @entity1 on-site on an agreed day in week 37 of 2014. Item missing and ceiling effects were assessed, and factor analysis was used to assess the structure of the items included in the PIPEQ-OS. The scales were tested for internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability and construct validity. RESULTS: The initial sample comprised 857 @entity1 . Of these, 60 were excluded for ethical reasons and 57 were excluded because they were absent on the day of the survey. Of the remaining 740 @entity1 , 552 (74.6  % of the included population) returned the questionnaire. Low levels of missing or "not applicable" responses were found for 18 of the 21 items (<20  %), and 20 of 21 items were below the ceiling-effect criterion. Psychometric testing identified three scales: structure and facilities (six items), @entity1 -centred interaction (six items) and outcomes (five items). All scales met the criterion of 0.7 for Cronbach's alpha (range: 0.79-0.91) and test-retest reliability (range: 0.83-0.84). The construct validity of the scales was supported by 14 of 15 significant associations with variables known to be related to @entity146 inpatient experiences. CONCLUSIONS: The PIPEQ-OS comprises three scales with satisfactory internal consistency reliability and construct validity. This instrument can be used for on-site assessments of @entity146 inpatient @entity1 experiences, but further research is needed to evaluate its usefulness as basis for external quality indicators.

title: PIPEQ-OS - an instrument for on-site measurements of the experiences of inpatients at XXXX institutions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has become common to say @entity146 illnesses are @entity75 . This reflects a conception of the mental as being biologically based, though it is also thought that thinking of @entity146 this way will reduce the stigma attached to @entity146 . If @entity146 illnesses are @entity75 , however, it is not clear why psychiatry should not collapse into neurology, and some argue for this course. Others try to maintain a distinction by saying that neurology deals with @entity2526 while psychiatry deals with specific @entity6314 . It is not clear that neurologists would accept this division, nor that they should. I argue that if we take seriously the notion that @entity146 illnesses are mental illnesses we can draw a more defensible boundary between psychiatry and neurology. As mental illnesses, @entity146 illnesses must have symptoms that affect our mental capacities and that the sufferer is capable of being aware of, even if they are not always self-consciously aware of them. @entity16 , such as @entity64 or @entity15 , may be diagnosed even if they are silent, just as the @entity1 may not be aware of having @entity101 or may suffer a silent @entity583 . It does not make sense to speak of @entity4697 if the @entity1 has never had a @entity4697 attack, however, or of @entity162 in the absence of @entity1316 . This does not mean @entity146 illnesses are not biologically based. Mental illnesses are illnesses of @entity1 , whereas other illnesses are illnesses of biological individuals.

title: Mental Illness And XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of neural functioning']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain diseases']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological illnesses']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of neural structure']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood swings']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Brain Disease']


abstract: The authors reviewed the charts of 22 @entity1 with @entity14417 . Various surgical procedures were performed on 30 eyes of 18 @entity1 (mean number of procedures = 3.3 per eye). Follow-up averaged six years. Visual acuity varied widely, with six eyes having an acuity of 20/400 or better, and 11 eyes with no light perception. Concomitant or secondary @entity726 required a greater number of surgical procedures (4.1 vs 3.4) per eye and was associated with a poorer visual outcome. No eyes with @entity726 had @entity227 better than 20/400. In bilaterally operated @entity1 , visual results in one eye were independent of the outcome of the fellow eye. The range of @entity227 in bilaterally operated @entity1 was similar to the vision in those operated unilaterally. Visual outcome in @entity1 with @entity14417 remains guarded. With modern surgical techniques and aggressive attempts at visual rehabilitation, many @entity1 may benefit from surgery. Some @entity1 may have moderately good @entity227 for months or years before vision is lost. In the interim they may learn tasks they may not have otherwise acquired.

title: Visual outcome after surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity14417 :: ('MESH:C537884', 'Disease') :: ["Peters' anomaly"]

answer: @entity14417 :: (MESH:C537884,Disease) :: ['Peters' anomaly']


abstract: The goal of this study was to examine the role of horizontal connections in @entity95 striate neurons. Anaesthetized @entity95 were prepared in the usual fashion for single-cell recordings in area 17 of the visual cortex. We compared responses evoked by moving and stationary stimuli prior to, during and after recovery from lateral microinjection of either @entity3303 (n = 61), @entity1246 ( @entity1246 , n = 18) or @entity1027 (n = 8) 2 mm from the recording site. This procedure allows evaluation of the contribution of neighbouring neurons in visual responses. Results showed that striate neurons are dependent on the adjacent cells' excitability. Modification of responses to stationary targets suggests that lateral interactions play a role in the generation of discharges to fixed stimuli. Lateral inactivation preferentially influenced non-directional over direction-selective units. This influence usually resulted in the non-directional neuron becoming directional by attenuation of the visually driven response in one direction. Simple and complex cells tended to be influenced differently by lateral inactivation. Simple cells became less responsive, whereas complex cells became more responsive. This dichotomy among cellular types suggests that simple cells receive mainly excitatory horizontal influences, while complex cells are contacted mostly by lateral inhibitory inputs.

title: Influences of horizontal connections on visual responses in XXXX striate cortex.

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Our previous work demonstrated that @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), a traditional Chinese calculation method, could help @entity1 improve their math abilities (e.g. basic arithmetical ability) and executive function (e.g. working memory). This study further examined the effects of long-term @entity1032 training on math ability in visual-spatial domain and the task switching component of executive function. More importantly, this study investigated whether @entity1032 training modulated the relationship between math abilities and task switching. The @entity1 were seventy 7-year-old @entity1 who were randomly assigned into @entity1032 and control groups at primary school entry. @entity1 in @entity1032 group received 2-hour @entity1032 training every week since primary school entry. On the contrary, @entity1 in the control group had never received any @entity1032 training. Math and task switching abilities were measured one year and three years respectively after @entity1032 training began. The results showed that @entity1032 @entity1 performed better than their peers on math abilities in arithmetical and visual-spatial domains. In addition, @entity1032 group responded faster than control group in the switching task, while no group difference was found in switch cost. Most interestingly, group difference was present in the relationships between math abilities and switch cost. These results implied the effect of @entity1032 training on math abilities as well as its relationship with executive function.

title: Abacus Training Affects Math and Task Switching Abilities and Modulates Their Relationships in Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['abacus-based mental calculation', 'AMC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the outer nuclear layer (ONL) deformation detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is correlated with visual acuity before and after surgery in @entity1 with @entity6654 (ERM). Methods: Forty-four eyes of 44 @entity1 who underwent vitreous surgery for treatment of ERM were included. All @entity1 underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluations including measurement of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and SD-OCT before and after surgery. The @entity2070 ( @entity2070 ), foveal ONL thickness, juxtafoveal ONL plus outer plexiform layer (OPL) thickness, photoreceptor outer segment thickness, and size of the disrupted interdigitation zone (IZ) line were measured. We defined the "photoreceptor deformation index" (PDI) as the ratio of foveal ONL thickness to the juxtafoveal ONL plus OPL thickness. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that the only significant predictor of preoperative mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA was preoperative @entity2070 (P < 0.0001). Preoperative PDI (P < 0.0001) and disrupted IZ diameter (P = 0.0242) were positively correlated with logMAR at 3 months after surgery. PDI (P < 0.0001) and disrupted IZ diameter (P = 0.0351) were also positively correlated with logMAR BCVA at 6 months after surgery. The only significant predictor of logMAR at 12 months after surgery was preoperative PDI (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Preoperative PDI was most significantly correlated with postoperative BCVA. These results suggest that PDI is a novel parameter predicting visual outcome after surgery in eyes with ERM.

title: Foveal Photoreceptor Deformation as a Significant Predictor of Postoperative Visual Outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['central foveal thickness', 'CFT']

entities_list: @entity6654 :: ('MESH:D019773', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epiretinal membrane']

answer: @entity6654 :: (MESH:D019773,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Surgery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of computed tomographic (CT) scans in differentiating mild from severe forms of @entity656 is well established. Nonetheless, in @entity1 with a severe form of the disease, some will have a relatively uneventful course while others will have severe complications. This prospective, multicenter study was done to evaluate the prognostic value of early CT scan in a homogenous group of @entity1 with a first attack of severe @entity656 . STUDY DESIGN: Dynamic CT scans were performed within 48 hours after admission. A standardized form was completed for each CT scan, recording the following data: abnormal enhancement of the pancreas itself, characteristics of extrapancreatic collections, and visualization of the portal and splenic veins. Statistical analysis was based on the log rank test and Cox's model and used death and abscess occurrence as the two end points. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-eight @entity1 from 46 centers were included in the study. The median Ranson and Imrie scores were 3 and 4, respectively. Forty-seven @entity1 died and 72 had an abscess. The CT scan findings indicating an increase in mortality rate were nonenhancement of the neck of the pancreas (p = 0.04) and extrapancreatic collections within the left (p = 0.001) and right (p = 0.02) pararenal posterior spaces. The risk of abscess increased when there was nonvisualization of the splenic vein (p = 0.0001), in the presence of extrapancreatic collections in the right pararenal posterior space (p = 0.03) and when the extrapancreatic collections were heterogenous (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the location of extrapancreatic collections and nonvisualization of the splenic and portal veins on CT scans were not previously recognized prognostic factors of complicated outcome in @entity1 with severe @entity656 .

title: Prognostic value of early computed tomographic scans in severe XXXX . French Association for Surgical Research.

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Test ventilating prior to administration of @entity4094 ( @entity4094 ) in order to avoid a cannot intubate-cannot ventilate situation is a classic anesthesia teaching. The primary aim of our study was to show that facemask ventilation ( @entity30147 ) after @entity4094 was not inferior to @entity30147 prior to @entity4094 with respect to exhaled gas volumes before and after their administration. METHODS: This study was approved by the University of Washington @entity1 Subjects Division (Seattle, Washington, USA). Written informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . Measurements of tidal volume (Vte) as well as other respiratory parameters during @entity30147 were made for 60 s after induction of anesthesia and again after @entity4094 . Difficult, impossible, inadequate, and dead-space only mask ventilation was graded using published definitions. Difficult intubation was defined as >2 attempts at intubation. The primary outcome was non-inferiority in Vte during both study periods defined as a mean difference of <50 mL. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess for interaction between operator experience, @entity1 risk factors for difficult mask ventilation, exhaled volumes, and use of airway adjuncts. RESULTS: Two-hundred and ten @entity1 were studied. Overall, @entity30147 improved after NMBD. The mean (SD) Vte in mL/breath increased from 399 (169) to 428 (166) (mean dif. 30 mL, p   =   0.001) and the minute ventilation in L/min from 5.6 (2.5) to 6.3 (2.5) (mean dif. 0.6, p   <   0.001). No @entity1 who was difficult to ventilate after induction became impossible after @entity4094 . DISCUSSION: In @entity1 at risk for or judged to be a difficult @entity30147 by clinical grading scales, tidal volumes improved after administration of NMBDs. None of these @entity1 exhibited a decline in ventilation or became impossible to ventilate after NMBDs. Several limitations are noted, including the use of hand-delivered breaths and inability to account for time-related changes in ventilation conditions independent of NMBDs. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity30147 is no worse after @entity4094 than before and is likely to improve airway conditions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02237443 . Registered August 28, 2014.

title: Ventilation by mask before and after the administration of XXXX : a pragmatic non-inferiority trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['NMB', 'neuromuscular blockade']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular blockade']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Considerable progress has been made in illuminating the pathological events for @entity785 ( @entity785 )-related progressive @entity82 . The molecular events that lead to @entity785 -related progressive @entity82 need to be defined. Some important genes have been identified from a recent study in @entity1 . We aim to construct and compare the similarities and differences of molecular pathways between @entity785 -related progressive @entity82 and normal lungs of @entity1 and @entity19 . METHODS: We used the analytical approach of association of key genes in @entity785 -related progressive @entity82 . We first identified the probes for genes of @entity785 -related progressive @entity82 and analyzed the pathways in @entity1 lung using data generated by microarray. We then analyzed the gene pathways in @entity19 lung for similar sets of probes. Gene expression data from livers were used to compare with that in lung in both @entity1 and @entity19 . RESULTS: Our analysis indicated that, in @entity1 , the expression levels of genes for macrophage activation are more strongly associated with each other than that in @entity19 . In both @entity1 and @entity19 , the associations of these genes are much greater in the lung than that in the liver. The association in gene expression between @entity1 and @entity19 are similar for IFN-regulated genes and profibrotic/ @entity641 -regulated genes. CONCLUSION: Our analysis reveals the differences and similarities of the network of key genes between @entity1 and @entity19 during the molecular processes that eventually lead to @entity82 in the lung.

title: Molecular network of important genes for @entity785 -related progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['lung fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Considerable progress has been made in illuminating the pathological events for @entity785 ( @entity785 )-related progressive @entity82 . The molecular events that lead to @entity785 -related progressive @entity82 need to be defined. Some important genes have been identified from a recent study in @entity1 . We aim to construct and compare the similarities and differences of molecular pathways between @entity785 -related progressive @entity82 and normal lungs of @entity1 and @entity19 . METHODS: We used the analytical approach of association of key genes in @entity785 -related progressive @entity82 . We first identified the probes for genes of @entity785 -related progressive @entity82 and analyzed the pathways in @entity1 lung using data generated by microarray. We then analyzed the gene pathways in @entity19 lung for similar sets of probes. Gene expression data from livers were used to compare with that in lung in both @entity1 and @entity19 . RESULTS: Our analysis indicated that, in @entity1 , the expression levels of genes for macrophage activation are more strongly associated with each other than that in @entity19 . In both @entity1 and @entity19 , the associations of these genes are much greater in the lung than that in the liver. The association in gene expression between @entity1 and @entity19 are similar for IFN-regulated genes and profibrotic/ @entity641 -regulated genes. CONCLUSION: Our analysis reveals the differences and similarities of the network of key genes between @entity1 and @entity19 during the molecular processes that eventually lead to @entity82 in the lung.

title: Molecular network of important genes for XXXX -related progressive @entity82 .

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12692 ( @entity12692 ) is an uncommon, benign, non-neoplastic, lymphoproliferative disease of uncertain etiology. Here, we report 6 cases of @entity8 in China. All @entity1 exhibited @entity12321 ( @entity1050 ) with involvement of the mediastinum, neck, bilateral axillary, and bilateral inguinal regions. Clinical manifestations included @entity221 , @entity1295 , @entity4 , and swollen lymph nodes. Laboratory examinations of all 6 @entity1 found @entity644 or @entity177 . Two of the @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity455 , and 4 @entity1 were diagnosed with plasma cell type @entity12692 . The case 1 and case 4 @entity1 had mesangial proliferative @entity631 , case 3 had type I membranoproliferative @entity631 , case 2 and case 5 had @entity1986 , and case 6 had @entity8 . Three @entity1 were treated with @entity229 plus @entity786 , 1 @entity1 received @entity9107 therapy ( @entity786 , @entity1891 and @entity229 ), and 2 @entity1 received @entity9107 therapy supplemented by small doses of radiation therapy delivered to local lymph nodes. In all cases, the clinical manifestations of @entity1050 , including @entity221 , @entity1295 , @entity4 , swollen lymph nodes, and @entity644 , were alleviated or abolished by treatment. One @entity1 responded to treatment with @entity1050 , and another 4 @entity1 survived. However, 1 @entity1 died due to @entity177 . In conclusion, common diagnosis and treatment techniques are suitable for @entity8 . However, treatment efficacy might be difficult to predict, and some cases may have poor prognosis with this treatment strategy. Therefore, additional studies investigating @entity8 and treatment outcomes in larger @entity1 populations are needed.

title: Report of six XXXX -associated @entity12692 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['AA type amyloidosis nephropathy', 'kidney disease-associated CD']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline vascular type MCD']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Castleman's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'complete MCD remission']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity12321 :: ('MESH:C537372', 'Disease') :: ['multicentric CD']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12692 ( @entity12692 ) is an uncommon, benign, non-neoplastic, lymphoproliferative disease of uncertain etiology. Here, we report 6 cases of @entity8 in China. All @entity1 exhibited @entity12321 ( @entity1050 ) with involvement of the mediastinum, neck, bilateral axillary, and bilateral inguinal regions. Clinical manifestations included @entity221 , @entity1295 , @entity4 , and swollen lymph nodes. Laboratory examinations of all 6 @entity1 found @entity644 or @entity177 . Two of the @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity455 , and 4 @entity1 were diagnosed with plasma cell type @entity12692 . The case 1 and case 4 @entity1 had mesangial proliferative @entity631 , case 3 had type I membranoproliferative @entity631 , case 2 and case 5 had @entity1986 , and case 6 had @entity8 . Three @entity1 were treated with @entity229 plus @entity786 , 1 @entity1 received @entity9107 therapy ( @entity786 , @entity1891 and @entity229 ), and 2 @entity1 received @entity9107 therapy supplemented by small doses of radiation therapy delivered to local lymph nodes. In all cases, the clinical manifestations of @entity1050 , including @entity221 , @entity1295 , @entity4 , swollen lymph nodes, and @entity644 , were alleviated or abolished by treatment. One @entity1 responded to treatment with @entity1050 , and another 4 @entity1 survived. However, 1 @entity1 died due to @entity177 . In conclusion, common diagnosis and treatment techniques are suitable for @entity8 . However, treatment efficacy might be difficult to predict, and some cases may have poor prognosis with this treatment strategy. Therefore, additional studies investigating @entity8 and treatment outcomes in larger @entity1 populations are needed.

title: Report of six @entity8 -associated XXXX cases.

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['Castleman's disease']


abstract: This paper contains the details of a new technique for measuring the mechanical phase constants of transverse waves in @entity1 tibia, in vivo. The measurements are made in the frequency range from 100 to 1000 Hz. The importance of these measurements is that healthy tibia has quite small phase delays along the bone at these frequencies. On the other hand, a @entity174 has a large phase delay at the @entity174 site. This paper establishes a set of typical phase delays for a range of tibia so that subsequent measurements on @entity174 @entity1 can be interpreted. It contains a description of the method of measuring the phase delay and a detailed analysis of errors. In particular, it includes an account of the phase delay through the soft tissues as well as the bone and how the former can be eliminated. It is not an exhaustive account of this topic but contains sufficient results to show that the measurements can be made relatively easily. Finally, there is a theoretical model which can be used to predict the phase shift. However, in order to use the model various other measurements are necessary and a direct measurement of phase is easier than using a model.

title: In vivo measurements of the phase constants of transverse mechanical waves in a XXXX tibia from 100 to 1000 Hz.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured tibia', 'fractured', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective   The aim of the study is to evaluate the association of @entity479 metabolism and respiratory gene polymorphisms in neonates exposed to antenatal @entity288 (ACS) with respiratory outcomes, small for gestational age (SGA), and response to repeat ACS. Study Design   This candidate gene study is a secondary analysis of @entity1 enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of single versus weekly courses of ACS. Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 @entity479 metabolism and respiratory function genes were evaluated. DNA was extracted from placenta or fetal cord serum and analyzed with TaqMan genotyping. Each SNP was evaluated for association via logistic regression with @entity649 ( @entity649 ), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)/ventilator use ( @entity24715 ), and SGA. Results   @entity11819 , @entity6192 , and @entity20583 minor alleles were associated with an increased risk of SGA. @entity18160 and @entity25085 minor alleles were associated with an increased likelihood of @entity649 . Carriage of minor alleles in SerpinA6 was associated with an increased risk of @entity24715 . @entity6192 and @entity20583 minor alleles were associated with a decreased likelihood of @entity24715 . Conclusion   @entity479 metabolism and respiratory gene SNPs are associated with respiratory outcomes and SGA in @entity1 exposed to ACS. Risks for respiratory outcomes are affected by minor allele carriage as well as by treatment with multiple ACS.

title: Neonatal Genetic Variation in XXXX Metabolism and Key Respiratory Function Genes and Perinatal Outcomes in Single and Multiple Courses of Corticosteroids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'RDS']

entities_list: @entity479 :: ('D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transanal local excision has recently received attention as an alternative to radical surgery for early @entity5 . Recurrence usually occurs within 5 years after surgery, but recurrences later than this have also been reported. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of recurrence in @entity1 who have early @entity5 10 years after transanal local excision. DESIGN: @entity1 with early @entity5 who underwent transanal local excision from October 1994 to December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. We reviewed the demographics and clinicopathologic features of primary lesions and analyzed the incidence and risk factors of recurrence. SETTINGS: This investigation was conducted at a tertiary university hospital. @entity1 : A total of 295 @entity1 who underwent transanal local excision for pTis (n = 155) or @entity2558 (n = 140) early @entity5 were included in the analysis. INTERVENTION: Transanal local excision was performed for each @entity1 to excise primary @entity75 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point of this study was the incidence of recurrence, especially late recurrence. The secondary end point was risk factors for recurrence. RESULTS: The 10-year cumulative local recurrence rate was 6.7% in pTis and 18.0% in @entity2558 @entity1 . The rate of late local recurrence was 2.8% in pTis and 3.7% in @entity2558 @entity1 . There was no evidence of late systemic recurrence 5 years after transanal local excision. In @entity2558 @entity1 , a higher risk of recurrence was associated with an invasion depth of sm3, the presence of @entity3 , and a positive resection margin. LIMITATION: The main limitation of this study is its retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS: Late recurrence can occur in @entity1 with early @entity5 who have undergone transanal local excision. Transanal local excision can be performed in selective @entity1 with biologically favorable @entity5 , and 10-year postoperative surveillance should be considered for these @entity1 .

title: Features of Late Recurrence Following Transanal Local Excision for Early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['rectal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: In normothermic 53 mongrel @entity235 complete cerebral circulatory arrest for 8 to 10 min was produced with @entity432 balloon catheter and followed by blood recirculation of the brain for 2 hrs. Local cerebral blood flow in 11 different regions were measured before and after @entity63 using radioactive labelled microspheres (15 +/- 3 micrometers). Before @entity63 , regional blood flow rates within the brain varied between 26.1 +/- 5.8 and 61.3 +/- 7.9 ml/100 g/min (mean +/- SD). Reactive @entity450 was present in the brain 8 to 15 min after the beginning of the recirculation. Local cerebral blood flow rates increased two to ten times above the control flow, more increased in brain stem, cerebellum, thalamus and basal ganglia. Regional cerebral blood flow returned to or slightly below normal 30 min after @entity63 , and subsequently decreased 60 to 120 min after @entity63 . At 120 min after @entity63 local cerebral blood flow rates decreased 40 to 60% of the control flow in cerebral cortices and basal ganglia, 70 to 90% of control flow in subcortical @entity62 and brain stem. With these result: 1) There is considerable redistribution and inhomogeneity of of flow rates within the brain after @entity2806 for 8 to 10 min. 2) It is indicated that low flow rates of the brain 60 to 120 min after @entity63 can not maintain the nutritive blood flow in some cerebral regions, especially in cerebral cortices and basal ganglia. Farther more it may be resulted in secondary brain tissue damage. 3) It is suggested that post-ischemic recirculation may be a factor in the genesis of "selective vulnerability." 4) The inhomogeneity of regional cerebral blood flow rates can be associated with the animal species of the @entity235 .

title: [Changes of regional cerebral blood flow after XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['total cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['total cerebral ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1595 ( @entity1595 ) is a rare @entity74 caused by the bacteria @entity1599 . In its classic form, it manifests with @entity344 including @entity294 , @entity490 , and @entity353 . However, various other systems can be affected, including the central nervous system (CNS). Even more rarely, the CNS is primarily affected without @entity344 and with a negative small bowel biopsy. The incidence of primary CNS @entity1595 is unknown. We report the case of a young female with the primary CNS form of @entity1595 . In this report, we highlight the main clinical features and diagnostic procedures that lead to the diagnosis and comment on the treatment and clinical response. We stress the importance of neuroimaging and brain biopsy. A unique feature of this case is that the @entity1 has been followed up for 12 years. At the time of diagnosis, no neurological manifestations were detected, although @entity5 in the right temporal lobe and hypothalamic infiltration were present on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The first neurological manifestations developed 2 years later despite recommended antibiotic treatment, with @entity73 developing more than 10 years later. According to the MRI findings and clinical course, the disease was active for several years when @entity75 on MRI appeared despite antibiotic therapy. In the discussion, we compare the present case with similar cases previously reported and we elaborate on the similarities and discrepancies in clinical features, diagnostic procedures, results, and treatment options.

title: Primary XXXX : case report with long-term clinical and MRI follow-up.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['a tumor-like lesion']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms', 'gastrointestinal problems']

entities_list: @entity1595 :: ('MESH:D008061', 'Disease') :: ['Whipple disease', 'WD']

entities_list: @entity1599 :: ('2039', 'Species') :: ['Tropheryma whipplei']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Whipple disease of the brain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to profile over a 24 h period the prolactin responses of exercise-trained @entity1 on a day involving rest with no exercise in comparison to a day involving exercise training sessions. METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental design study using repeated measures determination of 24 h prolactin responses in exercise-trained @entity1 (n = 16; age = 27.3   3.3 years (mean    standard deviation)). Blood samples were taken hourly over a 24 h period on a day involving two intensive exercise training sessions ( @entity2613 ), and on a separate @entity227 ( @entity227 ) with no exercise activity. The order of the @entity2613 and @entity227 was randomized. Physical activity and diet were controlled and replicated for the @entity2613 and @entity227 . Blood specimens were handled, prepared and analyzed utilizing appropriate standard clinical practices. The data were analyzed with the Friedman analysis of variance and Nemenyi post hoc statistical procedure for repeated measures. RESULTS: On the @entity227 , prolactin displayed a typical circadian rhythm with daytime values of the hormone being less than the nocturnal rise once sleep had begun (p < 0.05; 16:00-20:00 h > all other times). On the @entity2613 , prolactin responses were noticeably different from those of the @entity227 . The morning and afternoon exercise sessions included significant increases in prolactin immediately at the end of the exercise sessions, being greater than corresponding @entity227 time points (p < 0.01; 01:00 h and 10:00 h); also for the second hour (2 h) following the morning exercise session. On the @entity2613 there was a displayed circadian nocturnal response in the hormone with 16:00-24:00 h being elevated above the all nonexercise effected values for that specific day (p < 0.01). Finally, the @entity2613 nocturnal elevation for prolactin for 16:00-24:00 h was significantly greater than the same respective hours on the @entity227 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Findings clearly demonstrated that nocturnal prolactin responses are augmented in exercise-trained @entity1 on days when they perform exercise. The mechanisms inducing this adaptive response are unclear but warrant further investigation.

title: Exercise augments the nocturnal prolactin rise in exercise-trained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['control day', 'CD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The objective of this work was to analyse the course of maternal disease and fetal outcome in pregnant @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) counselled and followed according to a protocol intended to optimize maternal and fetal outcome. The prospective study included all pregnancies between 1987 and 1993 in @entity1252 @entity1 known at least 6 months before pregnancy at the Lupus Clinic of our hospital. In 25 @entity1 there were 35 pregnancies. Thirty-four (97%) started at sustained remission of disease; 11 (31%) were in women with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL); 14 (40%) in @entity1 with a history of biopsy-proven @entity1988 ; one (3% in a @entity1 with a serum @entity1011 above 125 mumol/l. In 29 pregnancies (82%) maternal disease remained inactive during gestation. In three pregnancies (9%) active disease was treated with @entity229 . There were no serious post-partum flares of disease. Pregnancy resulted in 25 (71%) live births, 8 (23%) first trimester abortions, and one @entity5617 . One pregnancy was terminated because of @entity1276 . Nine of 25 (36%) live births were delivered by caesarean section. For 6 of 9 (67%) caesarean sections the indication was fetal distress and @entity1468 . In the majority of @entity1 with @entity1252 who conceive at remission, the disease does not flare in pregnancy. With optimal obstetric care, close follow-up and treatment with low-dose @entity117 if aPL are present, a high success rate (71%) can be achieved.

title: Pregnancy in XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal death']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: We described five @entity1 in whom pulmonary @entity5 was histologically confirmed during life. Pulmonary symptoms dominated the clinical presentation in three @entity1 , and one @entity1 had a 5-year history of pulmonary @entity5 controlled by @entity230 . Radiologic features were nonspecific. Most @entity1 had bilateral reticulonodular or fluffy infiltrates. Recurrent @entity358 in one @entity1 was manifest by bilateral pulmonary nodules. Pathologically, @entity358 by @entity5 followed the normal lymphatic pathways of the lung along bronchovascular rays, in interlobular septa, and within the pleura. Unusual features included marked @entity4 and @entity82 out of proportion to the degree of infiltration, and in one case, the marked predilection fo the infiltrate to occlude small airways (" @entity5 "). Three @entity1 had microscopic nondestructive nodules adjacent to lymphatics. A pulmonary recurrent in one @entity1 was composed of large monomorphous nodules with central @entity39 and prominent vascular infiltration by malignant cells. The pulmonary infiltrate of @entity5 was often heterogeneous, and included variable numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells intermingled with alveolar macrophages and metaplastic alveolar lining cells. The cytologic features of the infiltrate varied from benign to pleomorphic and obviously malignant. Histologic features which may obscure the correct diagnosis, as they did initially in three of our cases, include: malignant histiocytic bronchiolitis, marked @entity4 and @entity82 ; the heterogeneous cellular infiltrate; and in one case, benign cytologic features. The most valuable initial clue to the correct diagnosis was the tendency of the infiltrates to follow lymphatics of the lung.

title: XXXX of @entity5 : a clinicopathologic spectrum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant histiocytosis', 'malignant histiocytosis bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['septal edema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary histiocytosis', 'pulmonary infiltration']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary involvement']


abstract: We described five @entity1 in whom pulmonary @entity5 was histologically confirmed during life. Pulmonary symptoms dominated the clinical presentation in three @entity1 , and one @entity1 had a 5-year history of pulmonary @entity5 controlled by @entity230 . Radiologic features were nonspecific. Most @entity1 had bilateral reticulonodular or fluffy infiltrates. Recurrent @entity358 in one @entity1 was manifest by bilateral pulmonary nodules. Pathologically, @entity358 by @entity5 followed the normal lymphatic pathways of the lung along bronchovascular rays, in interlobular septa, and within the pleura. Unusual features included marked @entity4 and @entity82 out of proportion to the degree of infiltration, and in one case, the marked predilection fo the infiltrate to occlude small airways (" @entity5 "). Three @entity1 had microscopic nondestructive nodules adjacent to lymphatics. A pulmonary recurrent in one @entity1 was composed of large monomorphous nodules with central @entity39 and prominent vascular infiltration by malignant cells. The pulmonary infiltrate of @entity5 was often heterogeneous, and included variable numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells intermingled with alveolar macrophages and metaplastic alveolar lining cells. The cytologic features of the infiltrate varied from benign to pleomorphic and obviously malignant. Histologic features which may obscure the correct diagnosis, as they did initially in three of our cases, include: malignant histiocytic bronchiolitis, marked @entity4 and @entity82 ; the heterogeneous cellular infiltrate; and in one case, benign cytologic features. The most valuable initial clue to the correct diagnosis was the tendency of the infiltrates to follow lymphatics of the lung.

title: @entity358 of XXXX : a clinicopathologic spectrum.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant histiocytosis']