abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) are generally limited to exercise activities using the relatively smaller, less productive upper extremities with limited benefits as compared with leg exercise training. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) assisted ambulation has previously been demonstrated to allow @entity1 with @entity451 to stand and ambulate limited distances. PURPOSE: This study compared the peak physiological responses of @entity1 with @entity451 during FES ambulation and voluntary arm exercise. METHODS: Fifteen subjects ( @entity1619 ) previously habituated to FES ambulation, completed peak testing of both arm cranking (AC) and FES walking to the point of exhaustion. The AC tests were performed using a graded incremental protocol to exhaustion in 3-min stages and 10-W power output increments. The FES walking test consisted of successive 10-m walking bouts, each trial progressively increased in pace. Metabolic activity was continuously monitored via open-circuit spirometry with heart rate (HR) determined by a 12-lead electrocardiograph for AC and by direct palpation during FES. RESULTS: Peak VO(2) did not differ between AC (22.9 +/- 3.8 mL x kg x @entity1009 )) and FES (22.7 +/- 3.9 mL x kg x @entity1009 )). FES ambulation elicited significantly greater peak values of HR (191 beats x @entity1009 ) versus 179 beats x @entity1009 )) and lower peak values of respiratory exchange ratio (1.06 vs 1.12) compared with AC. There were no significant differences in peak values of any other variables. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that FES ambulation performance, in @entity1 with @entity451 , elicits similar exercise capacity, as indicated by similar peak @entity26 consumption, as voluntary arm exercise.

title: Peak exercise capacity of electrically induced ambulation in XXXX with @entity451 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity204 from @entity5 in most developed nations. The most common type of @entity2 is of non-small cell histology, representing approximately 80% of the total. Despite aggressive treatments in early stages and improvement of polychemotherapy outcomes in @entity1442 , the five years survival rate for @entity2 remains under 15%. Fortunately, our improved knowledge of @entity5 biology and mechanisms of oncogenesis suggests several new potential targets for clinical research in @entity5 therapy. A substantial body of evidence indicates that @entity2247 and @entity2918 (PGs) play an important role in tumorigenesis. Mechanisms involved in @entity2247 participation in tumorigenesis and @entity5 growth include xenobiotic metabolism, angiogenesis stimulation, inhibition of immune surveillance and inhibition of apoptosis. @entity2247 is frequently overexpressed in bronchial premalignancy, @entity2220 and @entity957 and @entity2247 overexpression is a marker of poor prognosis in surgically resected stage I @entity1149 . Treatment with @entity2247 inhibitors reduces the growth of NSCLC cells in vitro and in xenograft studies. Recent studies have defined some of the mechanisms involved in @entity2247 participation in NSCLC development and diffusion. These evidences support the hypothesis that selective @entity2247 inhibitors (coxibs) may prove beneficial in the prevention and treatment of NSCLC.

title: Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Transient @entity741 is more frequently silent than accompanied by @entity951 . The frequency of @entity63 varies markedly from day to day, so that in order to accurately define the total @entity63 burden, it may be necessary to quantitate @entity63 episodes for periods longer than 24 hours. Therefore, a programmable, digital device was developed for long-term, interactive, ambulatory monitoring of the electrocardiogram, which uses variations in a time-averaged ST level as an indicator of @entity741 . The electrocardiographic signal is digitized at 256 Hz and analyzed by an algorithm. If @entity308 is planar or downsloping and persists for more than 40 seconds, and if the @entity308 is equal to or more than a user-programmed threshold, the device marks the onset of an @entity63 event and times it. The algorithm has been validated by comparison of its analysis of the ST segment to @entity1 and computerized analyses of frequency-modulated Holter recordings and stress tests. To assess the feasibility and utility of long-term monitoring, @entity1 with documented @entity453 were monitored continuously for 14-day periods. Of 26 @entity1 enrolled, 8 completed a protocol for individualization of anti- @entity63 therapy using transdermal @entity1242 . Over 90% of @entity63 episodes in this group of @entity1 , all of whom had had a previous @entity583 , were silent. Treatment with 10 mg of transdermal @entity1242 reduced the number of @entity63 episodes by 59% and the duration of @entity63 by 60% (p less than 0.001); there was no diminution in the effectiveness of treatment from week 1 to week 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Quantitation of transient XXXX by digital, ambulatory electrocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST depression']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: In certain forms of @entity299 , @entity2461 arteriosus is critical for survival. Since the administration of @entity3009 is associated with adverse side effects, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of @entity1242 and @entity1854 on ductal blood flow during @entity26 -induced ductal closure. Fifteen near-term fetal @entity742 were instrumented acutely. Ductal blood flow and pre- and post-ductal pressures were monitored continuously. After obtaining control data, intravenous bolus injections of @entity1242 (250 micrograms), @entity1854 (250 micrograms), or @entity5015 (5 micrograms) were administered during ventilation with either 100% @entity1568 or 100% @entity26 . All three agents significantly increased ductal blood flow during @entity1568 ventilation ( @entity4095 = 15 +/- 1 mm Hg). When the @entity742 were ventilated with 100% @entity26 , the arterial @entity4095 increased to 107 +/- 14 mm Hg, and this was associated with a marked @entity551 from 275 +/- 44 to 83 +/- 11 ml/min (P less than 0.05). When @entity1242 was administered during @entity26 -stimulated ductal closure, ductal blood flow increased 184%, from 79 +/- 18 to 225 +/- 18 ml/min (P less than 0.05); @entity1854 increased ductal blood flow 126%, from 86 +/- 20 to 195 +/- 25 ml/min (P less than 0.05); @entity5015 increased ductal blood flow 110%, from 84 +/- 18 to 178 +/- 17 ml/min (P less than 0.05). These data demonstrate that both @entity1242 and @entity1854 are potent vasodilators of the ductus arteriosus and, like @entity5015 , can markedly attenuate the @entity26 -induced ductal vasoconstriction. These results imply that @entity1242 and @entity1854 may be useful clinically in maintaining ductal patency.

title: Response of lamb ductus arteriosus to @entity1242 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patency of the ductus']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in ductal blood flow']

answer: @entity1854 :: (MESH:D009599,Chemical) :: ['nitroprusside']


abstract: In certain forms of @entity299 , @entity2461 arteriosus is critical for survival. Since the administration of @entity3009 is associated with adverse side effects, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of @entity1242 and @entity1854 on ductal blood flow during @entity26 -induced ductal closure. Fifteen near-term fetal @entity742 were instrumented acutely. Ductal blood flow and pre- and post-ductal pressures were monitored continuously. After obtaining control data, intravenous bolus injections of @entity1242 (250 micrograms), @entity1854 (250 micrograms), or @entity5015 (5 micrograms) were administered during ventilation with either 100% @entity1568 or 100% @entity26 . All three agents significantly increased ductal blood flow during @entity1568 ventilation ( @entity4095 = 15 +/- 1 mm Hg). When the @entity742 were ventilated with 100% @entity26 , the arterial @entity4095 increased to 107 +/- 14 mm Hg, and this was associated with a marked @entity551 from 275 +/- 44 to 83 +/- 11 ml/min (P less than 0.05). When @entity1242 was administered during @entity26 -stimulated ductal closure, ductal blood flow increased 184%, from 79 +/- 18 to 225 +/- 18 ml/min (P less than 0.05); @entity1854 increased ductal blood flow 126%, from 86 +/- 20 to 195 +/- 25 ml/min (P less than 0.05); @entity5015 increased ductal blood flow 110%, from 84 +/- 18 to 178 +/- 17 ml/min (P less than 0.05). These data demonstrate that both @entity1242 and @entity1854 are potent vasodilators of the ductus arteriosus and, like @entity5015 , can markedly attenuate the @entity26 -induced ductal vasoconstriction. These results imply that @entity1242 and @entity1854 may be useful clinically in maintaining ductal patency.

title: Response of lamb ductus arteriosus to XXXX and @entity1854 .

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: The influence of different vasoactive substances on the evolution of @entity3143 -induced @entity810 ( @entity810 ) was evaluated in the @entity235 . @entity3143 alone caused a progressive fall in both glomerular filtration (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) during the first 3 h of the @entity349 administration (delta after 3 h: -44% and -39%) and provoked a concomitant stimulation of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) and @entity2871 systems. The administration of the @entity2871 inhibitor @entity16982 (2 mg/kg i.v. every 2 h) adequately inhibited the activation of the @entity2871 system after @entity3143 , but could not prevent the fall in GFR and RBF. The continuous intrarenal administration of the @entity141 entry blocker @entity1855 (0.005 mg/kg per min) into the left kidney resulted in the prevention of the postmercurial fall in GFR and RBF at the perfusion site. This beneficial effect was immediately lost when the @entity1855 administration was stopped. Finally, the administration of the converting enzyme inhibitor @entity3371 (300 micrograms/kg every 2 h) resulted in an effective inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, the prevention of the postmercurial fall in RBF, and the partial attenuation of the fall in GFR. This beneficial effect was immediately lost after the intravenous administration of @entity3352 (2 mg/kg). These results indicate that the fall in GFR after @entity3143 can be prevented by vasoactive agents such as @entity3371 and @entity1855 and point at least in part to a pathophysiological role of the renin-angiotensin system or of an alteration in the equilibrium between renin-angiotensin and @entity2918 . The @entity2871 system is seemingly of no major importance.

title: Influence of vasoactive substances on early toxic XXXX in the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity16982 :: ('MESH:C029166', 'Chemical') :: ['dazoxiben']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: The influence of different vasoactive substances on the evolution of @entity3143 -induced @entity810 ( @entity810 ) was evaluated in the @entity235 . @entity3143 alone caused a progressive fall in both glomerular filtration (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) during the first 3 h of the @entity349 administration (delta after 3 h: -44% and -39%) and provoked a concomitant stimulation of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) and @entity2871 systems. The administration of the @entity2871 inhibitor @entity16982 (2 mg/kg i.v. every 2 h) adequately inhibited the activation of the @entity2871 system after @entity3143 , but could not prevent the fall in GFR and RBF. The continuous intrarenal administration of the @entity141 entry blocker @entity1855 (0.005 mg/kg per min) into the left kidney resulted in the prevention of the postmercurial fall in GFR and RBF at the perfusion site. This beneficial effect was immediately lost when the @entity1855 administration was stopped. Finally, the administration of the converting enzyme inhibitor @entity3371 (300 micrograms/kg every 2 h) resulted in an effective inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, the prevention of the postmercurial fall in RBF, and the partial attenuation of the fall in GFR. This beneficial effect was immediately lost after the intravenous administration of @entity3352 (2 mg/kg). These results indicate that the fall in GFR after @entity3143 can be prevented by vasoactive agents such as @entity3371 and @entity1855 and point at least in part to a pathophysiological role of the renin-angiotensin system or of an alteration in the equilibrium between renin-angiotensin and @entity2918 . The @entity2871 system is seemingly of no major importance.

title: Influence of vasoactive substances on early toxic @entity810 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity and item unidimensionality of the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) by using Rasch analysis. DESIGN: Application of Rasch analysis on the RMI partial data set. SETTING: A @entity64 program at a rehabilitation hospital in Italy. @entity1 : A total of 308 consecutive @entity1 (155 @entity1 , 153 @entity1 ; avg age, 62.79+/-11.94 y) hospitalized between 1990 and 1996. Average interval between @entity64 onset and admission was 52.48+/-36.22 days. INTERVENTION: Medical inpatient rehabilitation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 ' mobility status was assessed using the RMI administered at admission and discharge. Ratings were assigned by 4 staff members working as a team. We performed separate Rasch analyses on the RMI data, gathered from different groups of first @entity64 inpatients examined before and after rehabilitation treatment. RESULTS: asch analysis showed the overall good validity of the RMI, except for item 15, which did not fit the unidimensional continuum estimated through the Rasch rating model. CONCLUSION: The RMI is a unidimensional scale with a hierarchy of easy-to-hard test questions. Item difficulty level was stable when processed on different groups of @entity1 assessed on different occasions.

title: Rasch analysis of the Rivermead Mobility Index: a study using mobility measures of first- XXXX inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: CASE REPORT: A case of a 49-year-old male with preexisting @entity409 is reported. The @entity1 was admitted to hospital with severe electrolyte disorder and face @entity4 after therapy first with 4 mg for 2 months and later for 5 months with 8 mg @entity6170 . The initial electrolyte values were: @entity1372 110 mmol/l, @entity972 3.3 mmol/l, @entity460 2.0 mmol/l, @entity2865 81 mmol/l. An already known @entity1007 worsened substantially to values up to 28.5 mmol/l. Under substitution therapy with @entity2827 infusion and @entity972 , the electrolyte level normalized rapidly. The @entity1007 improved over several weeks after stopping the drug, and the general condition of the @entity1 improved clearly. CONCLUSION: @entity6170 has been certified in Germany since July 2000. Although a @entity99 with @entity6170 has been denied, the administration of this drug in @entity1 with @entity409 is contraindicated. Especially when prescribing new drugs one has to pay special attention to contraindications and comedication since often not all therapeutic mechanisms and side effects are fully known/understood. Interaction between different drugs and their influences on existing diseases are only noticed after a widespread application of the drug.

title: [Severe electrolyte imbalance and @entity4 in therapy with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone', 'Rosiglitazone']

answer: @entity6170 :: (MESH:C089730,Chemical) :: ['rosiglitazone']


abstract: CASE REPORT: A case of a 49-year-old male with preexisting @entity409 is reported. The @entity1 was admitted to hospital with severe electrolyte disorder and face @entity4 after therapy first with 4 mg for 2 months and later for 5 months with 8 mg @entity6170 . The initial electrolyte values were: @entity1372 110 mmol/l, @entity972 3.3 mmol/l, @entity460 2.0 mmol/l, @entity2865 81 mmol/l. An already known @entity1007 worsened substantially to values up to 28.5 mmol/l. Under substitution therapy with @entity2827 infusion and @entity972 , the electrolyte level normalized rapidly. The @entity1007 improved over several weeks after stopping the drug, and the general condition of the @entity1 improved clearly. CONCLUSION: @entity6170 has been certified in Germany since July 2000. Although a @entity99 with @entity6170 has been denied, the administration of this drug in @entity1 with @entity409 is contraindicated. Especially when prescribing new drugs one has to pay special attention to contraindications and comedication since often not all therapeutic mechanisms and side effects are fully known/understood. Interaction between different drugs and their influences on existing diseases are only noticed after a widespread application of the drug.

title: [Severe electrolyte imbalance and XXXX in therapy with @entity6170 ].

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: The goal of this study was to determine whether endothelium-dependent responses are impaired in the cerebral microcirculation of @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP). We measured diameters of cerebral arterioles using intravital microscopy in normotensive @entity35 (WKY) and SHRSP (6-8 mo old). Cerebral vasodilator responses to superfusion with @entity859 , which is an endothelium-independent agonist, were similar in WKY and SHRSP. In contrast, cerebral vasodilator responses to superfusion with endothelium-dependent agonists were profoundly impaired in SHRSP. @entity934 (10(-4) M) increased pial arteriolar diameter 23 +/- 2% (means +/- SE) in WKY and did not change arteriolar diameter in SHRSP (-2 +/- 3%, P less than 0.05 vs. WKY). @entity750 (10(-5) M) increased pial arteriolar diameter 23 +/- 1% in WKY and, in contrast, reduced diameter 11 +/- 1% in SHRSP (P less than 0.05 vs. WKY). @entity1242 and @entity934 produce vasodilatation by activation of @entity6708 ( @entity6708 ). @entity1242 was used to determine whether impaired responses of cerebral arterioles in SHRSP were related to altered @entity6708 activity. We found similar dilatation of cerebral arterioles in WKY and SHRSP in response to @entity1242 . Thus impaired endothelium-dependent dilatation in SHRSP is not related to alteration of @entity6708 activity. We speculate that impairment of cerebral vasodilator responses to endothelium-dependent agonists, including vasoactive substances released by platelets, may predispose SHRSP to @entity2806 .

title: Impairment of endothelium-dependent responses of cerebral arterioles in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6708 :: ('CHEBI:16356', 'Chemical') :: ['cGMP', "guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin', 'nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The occurrence of post-translationally methylated @entity2734 residues in beta AP from @entity6702 , @entity35139 and Porphyridium cruentum has recently been reported (Klotz, A.V., Leary, J.A. _ Glazer, A.N. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 15891-15894). We reinvestigated the @entity535 compositions of all phycobiliproteins from Mastigocladus laminosus. During total hydrolysis of beta AP, beta 16.2 and beta PC one mol @entity8776 per mol protein was released. These proteins were chemically and enzymatically fragmented and the sequences of the fragments containing the modified @entity2734 residue were determined by automated Edman degradation. Residues beta AP72, beta 16.2 72 and beta PC 72 were identified as @entity70977 . This derivative of @entity2734 was also found at a homologous position in beta PE of Calothrix. In the x-ray structure model of C-phycocyanin (PC) the residue beta PC 72 points towards the chromophore beta 84, presumably having an effect on the spectroscopic characteristics of this light harvesting pigment protein complex.

title: Isolation and localization of XXXX in phycobiliproteins from the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity8776 :: ('MESH:C027451', 'Chemical') :: ['methylamine']

entities_list: @entity70977 :: ('CHEBI:44079', 'Chemical') :: ['N4-methylasparagine']

entities_list: @entity6702 :: ('1172', 'Species') :: ['Anabaena variabilis']

answer: @entity70977 :: (CHEBI:44079,Chemical) :: ['N4-methylasparagine']


abstract: The ileal absorptive cells of suckling @entity35 exhibit high levels of endocytic activity being engaged in nonselective uptake of macromolecules from the intestinal lumen. The apical cytoplasm usually contains an extensive network of small, membrane-limited tubules (apical tubules: @entity1129 ), in addition to newly formed endocytic vesicles and large endocytic vacuoles. To determine whether the @entity1129 are directly involved in the endocytic process by carrying the tracer into the cell, we have analysed movements of the apical cell membrane of the ileal absorptive cells by using a membrane-bound tracer (horseradish peroxidase-labelled concanavalin-A: Con-A HRP). The ileal absorptive cells were exposed in vitro to Con-A HRP for 10 min at 4 degrees C, incubated for different times in Con-A free medium at 37 degrees C, and prepared for electron microscopy. After 1 min incubation at 37 degrees C, invaginations of the apical cell membrane, including coated pits, and endocytic vesicles were labelled with HRP-reaction product, whereas the @entity1129 and large endocytic vacuoles were negative. After 2.5 min, almost all the large endocytic vacuoles were labelled with reaction product, which was seen in their vacuolar lumen and along the luminal surface of their limiting membrane. A few @entity1129 with reaction product were seen in the apical cytoplasm; they were in frequent connection with the reaction-positive large endocytic vacuoles. With increasing incubation time, the number of the labelled @entity1129 increased. Thus, after 15 min at 37 degrees C, the apical cytoplasm was fully occupied by the reaction-positive @entity1129 . The ends of these @entity1129 were often continuous with small spherical coated vesicles. No reaction product was detected in the Golgi complex at any time after incubation. These observations indicate that the @entity1129 located in the apical cytoplasm probably originate by budding off from the large endocytic vacuoles, rather than being involved in the process of endocytosis.

title: Study on the origin of apical tubules in ileal absorptive cells of suckling XXXX using concanavalin-A as a membrane-bound tracer.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Molecular characterization has contributed to the understanding of the inception, progression, treatment and prognosis of @entity5 . Nucleic acid array-based technologies extend molecular characterization of @entity5 to thousands of gene products. To effectively discriminate between @entity5 sub-types, reliable laboratory techniques and analytic methods are required. RESULTS: We derived mRNA expression profiles from 21 @entity1 tissue samples (eight normal kidneys and 13 @entity703 ) and two pooled samples using the Affymetrix GeneChip platform. A panel of ten clustering algorithms combined with four data pre-processing methods identified a consensus cluster dendrogram in 18 of 40 analyses and of these 16 used a logarithmic transformation. Within the consensus dendrogram the expression profiles of the samples grouped according to tissue type; @entity1358 displayed distinctly different gene expression patterns. By using a rigorous statistical selection based method we identified 355 genes that showed significant (p < 0.001) gene expression changes in clear cell @entity703 compared to normal kidney. These genes were classified with a tool to conceptualize expression patterns called "Functional Taxonomy". Each @entity5 type had a distinct "signature," with a high number of genes in the categories of Metabolism, Signal Transduction, and Cellular and Matrix Organization and Adhesion. CONCLUSIONS: Affymetrix GeneChip profiling differentiated @entity1358 from one another and from normal kidney cortex. Clustering methods that used logarithmic transformation of data sets produced dendrograms consistent with the sample biology. Functional taxonomy provided a practical approach to the interpretation of gene expression data.

title: Expression profiling of @entity1 XXXX with functional taxonomic analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell and chromophobe carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney tumors', 'renal carcinomas']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Molecular characterization has contributed to the understanding of the inception, progression, treatment and prognosis of @entity5 . Nucleic acid array-based technologies extend molecular characterization of @entity5 to thousands of gene products. To effectively discriminate between @entity5 sub-types, reliable laboratory techniques and analytic methods are required. RESULTS: We derived mRNA expression profiles from 21 @entity1 tissue samples (eight normal kidneys and 13 @entity703 ) and two pooled samples using the Affymetrix GeneChip platform. A panel of ten clustering algorithms combined with four data pre-processing methods identified a consensus cluster dendrogram in 18 of 40 analyses and of these 16 used a logarithmic transformation. Within the consensus dendrogram the expression profiles of the samples grouped according to tissue type; @entity1358 displayed distinctly different gene expression patterns. By using a rigorous statistical selection based method we identified 355 genes that showed significant (p < 0.001) gene expression changes in clear cell @entity703 compared to normal kidney. These genes were classified with a tool to conceptualize expression patterns called "Functional Taxonomy". Each @entity5 type had a distinct "signature," with a high number of genes in the categories of Metabolism, Signal Transduction, and Cellular and Matrix Organization and Adhesion. CONCLUSIONS: Affymetrix GeneChip profiling differentiated @entity1358 from one another and from normal kidney cortex. Clustering methods that used logarithmic transformation of data sets produced dendrograms consistent with the sample biology. Functional taxonomy provided a practical approach to the interpretation of gene expression data.

title: Expression profiling of XXXX @entity703 with functional taxonomic analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhibition of neointimal tissue growth has been demonstrated in preliminary @entity1 feasibility studies with a stent-based polymer sleeve delivering @entity17212 . The Study to COmpare @entity256 rate between QueST and QuaDS-QP2 (SCORE) trial is a @entity1 , randomized, multicenter trial comparing @entity17212 (QP2)-eluting stents (qDES) with bare metal stents (BMS) in the treatment of de novo coronary lesions. The purpose of this substudy was to evaluate the acute expansion property and long-term neointimal responses of qDES compared with BMS as assessed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 122 (qDES 66, BMS 56) @entity1 were enrolled into the IVUS substudy. All IVUS images (immediately after the procedure and at 6-month follow-up) were analyzed at an independent core laboratory in a blind manner. At baseline, qDES achieved stent expansion similar to BMS. At follow-up, qDES showed reduced neointimal growth by 70% at the tightest cross section and by 68% over the stented segment (P<0.0001 for both), resulting in a significantly larger lumen in qDES than in BMS. Unlike intracoronary brachytherapy, there was no evidence of negative edge effects, unhealed dissections, or late stent-vessel wall malapposition over the stented and adjacent references segments in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed IVUS analysis revealed that qDES had comparable acute mechanical and superior long-term biological effects to BMS. Although the long-term benefits and limitations of this technology require further investigation, the reduction in neointimal thickenings demonstrated that local delivery of @entity17212 through polymer sleeves augments conventional mechanical treatment of @entity731 .

title: @entity17212 -eluting stent for prevention of neointimal growth: an intravascular ultrasound analysis from the Study to COmpare XXXX rate between QueST and QuaDS-QP2 (SCORE).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity17212 :: ('MESH:C434083', 'Chemical') :: ['7-hexanoyltaxol']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['REstenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['REstenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhibition of neointimal tissue growth has been demonstrated in preliminary @entity1 feasibility studies with a stent-based polymer sleeve delivering @entity17212 . The Study to COmpare @entity256 rate between QueST and QuaDS-QP2 (SCORE) trial is a @entity1 , randomized, multicenter trial comparing @entity17212 (QP2)-eluting stents (qDES) with bare metal stents (BMS) in the treatment of de novo coronary lesions. The purpose of this substudy was to evaluate the acute expansion property and long-term neointimal responses of qDES compared with BMS as assessed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 122 (qDES 66, BMS 56) @entity1 were enrolled into the IVUS substudy. All IVUS images (immediately after the procedure and at 6-month follow-up) were analyzed at an independent core laboratory in a blind manner. At baseline, qDES achieved stent expansion similar to BMS. At follow-up, qDES showed reduced neointimal growth by 70% at the tightest cross section and by 68% over the stented segment (P<0.0001 for both), resulting in a significantly larger lumen in qDES than in BMS. Unlike intracoronary brachytherapy, there was no evidence of negative edge effects, unhealed dissections, or late stent-vessel wall malapposition over the stented and adjacent references segments in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed IVUS analysis revealed that qDES had comparable acute mechanical and superior long-term biological effects to BMS. Although the long-term benefits and limitations of this technology require further investigation, the reduction in neointimal thickenings demonstrated that local delivery of @entity17212 through polymer sleeves augments conventional mechanical treatment of @entity731 .

title: XXXX -eluting stent for prevention of neointimal growth: an intravascular ultrasound analysis from the Study to COmpare @entity256 rate between QueST and QuaDS-QP2 (SCORE).

answer: @entity17212 :: (MESH:C434083,Chemical) :: ['7-hexanoyltaxol']


abstract: During 1971-1984 out of 44,762 @entity1902 cases bacteriologically examined, 4240 (9.5%) @entity1838 were isolated in Hyderabad, India. Out of them 1329 (31.3%) were classical and 2911 (68.7%) were el-tor biotypes. The changeover from classical to el-tor @entity3081 was observed in Hyderabad during 1975 and persisted. During this 14 year period four major outbreaks with @entity1838 serogroup O1 Ogawa, @entity1838 biotype el-tor serogroup O1 Ogawa were observed. Phage types 1, 2 and 4 were prevalent during the classical period and types 2 and 4 during the el-tor period. Of the @entity3081 @entity1 , 67% were under 30 years of age with no significant difference in the incidence among females (51.4%) and males (48.6%). The outbreaks were of protracted pattern with only few cases per day or week with peak incidence during monsoon (May-August). Community of the low socio-economic strata was the most susceptible group. Five zones situated at the outlet of the Moosi river in the downhill were recorded as extensive @entity3081 transmission zones and two of them were the primary foci of @entity281 . The severity of the @entity281 was found directly related to the average rainfall during the year leading to the sewage stagnation in the downhill.

title: Epidemiological patterns and incidence of bio-, sero- and phage types of XXXX in Hyderabad, India, during 1971-1984.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of @entity3093 -enriched soy protein on @entity1 bone mineral content (mass) and density in healthy, menstruating young adult females have not been examined in a comparative prospective investigation. Peri- and post-menopausal @entity1 have been reported to show beneficial effects of @entity6400 on bone measurements. Therefore, young @entity1 may also be able to improve their accrual of peak bone mineral content (BMC) and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) during the early adult years of bone consolidation with an @entity3093 -enriched diet. OBJECTIVES: In this controlled, double-blind intervention, we tested the hypothesis that an @entity3093 -rich soy protein diet increases BMC and @entity79 in young adult females over a period of one year in comparison to a control group receiving soy protein that has @entity6400 removed. DESIGN: Young healthy @entity1 of any ethnic background, 21 to 25 years of age, were divided into two groups, placebo (n = 13) and supplement (n = 15). The soy protein supplement was enriched with @entity6400 ( approximately 90 mg of total @entity6400 /day), whereas the control protein diet was @entity3093 -deficient, even though it contained the same amount of soy protein and other ingredients as the @entity3093 -rich diet. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DXA) measurements of BMC and @entity79 were made at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. DXA estimates of body composition, including fat mass and lean body mass, were generated from whole-body BMC measurements. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) over height (m) squared. Physical activity was assessed, and three-day dietary records were taken at entry (baseline) and at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: No changes in @entity79 after 12 months were found in either the @entity3093 -treated (treatment) group or the @entity3093 -deficient (control) group. Other variables also remained essentially constant over the 12-month period, including normal menstrual patterns in both the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3093 -rich soy preparation had no effects on BMC and @entity79 over a 12-month period in young healthy adult females with normal menses. An @entity3093 -rich supplement appears to have little or no effect on bone in young adult @entity1 with normal ovarian function, at least over this 12-month study period.

title: Soy XXXX : no effects on bone mineral content and @entity79 in healthy, menstruating young adult @entity1 after one year.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

answer: @entity6400 :: (MESH:D007529,Chemical) :: ['isoflavones']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of @entity3093 -enriched soy protein on @entity1 bone mineral content (mass) and density in healthy, menstruating young adult females have not been examined in a comparative prospective investigation. Peri- and post-menopausal @entity1 have been reported to show beneficial effects of @entity6400 on bone measurements. Therefore, young @entity1 may also be able to improve their accrual of peak bone mineral content (BMC) and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) during the early adult years of bone consolidation with an @entity3093 -enriched diet. OBJECTIVES: In this controlled, double-blind intervention, we tested the hypothesis that an @entity3093 -rich soy protein diet increases BMC and @entity79 in young adult females over a period of one year in comparison to a control group receiving soy protein that has @entity6400 removed. DESIGN: Young healthy @entity1 of any ethnic background, 21 to 25 years of age, were divided into two groups, placebo (n = 13) and supplement (n = 15). The soy protein supplement was enriched with @entity6400 ( approximately 90 mg of total @entity6400 /day), whereas the control protein diet was @entity3093 -deficient, even though it contained the same amount of soy protein and other ingredients as the @entity3093 -rich diet. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DXA) measurements of BMC and @entity79 were made at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. DXA estimates of body composition, including fat mass and lean body mass, were generated from whole-body BMC measurements. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) over height (m) squared. Physical activity was assessed, and three-day dietary records were taken at entry (baseline) and at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: No changes in @entity79 after 12 months were found in either the @entity3093 -treated (treatment) group or the @entity3093 -deficient (control) group. Other variables also remained essentially constant over the 12-month period, including normal menstrual patterns in both the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3093 -rich soy preparation had no effects on BMC and @entity79 over a 12-month period in young healthy adult females with normal menses. An @entity3093 -rich supplement appears to have little or no effect on bone in young adult @entity1 with normal ovarian function, at least over this 12-month study period.

title: Soy @entity6400 : no effects on bone mineral content and XXXX in healthy, menstruating young adult @entity1 after one year.

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone mineral density']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of @entity3093 -enriched soy protein on @entity1 bone mineral content (mass) and density in healthy, menstruating young adult females have not been examined in a comparative prospective investigation. Peri- and post-menopausal @entity1 have been reported to show beneficial effects of @entity6400 on bone measurements. Therefore, young @entity1 may also be able to improve their accrual of peak bone mineral content (BMC) and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) during the early adult years of bone consolidation with an @entity3093 -enriched diet. OBJECTIVES: In this controlled, double-blind intervention, we tested the hypothesis that an @entity3093 -rich soy protein diet increases BMC and @entity79 in young adult females over a period of one year in comparison to a control group receiving soy protein that has @entity6400 removed. DESIGN: Young healthy @entity1 of any ethnic background, 21 to 25 years of age, were divided into two groups, placebo (n = 13) and supplement (n = 15). The soy protein supplement was enriched with @entity6400 ( approximately 90 mg of total @entity6400 /day), whereas the control protein diet was @entity3093 -deficient, even though it contained the same amount of soy protein and other ingredients as the @entity3093 -rich diet. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DXA) measurements of BMC and @entity79 were made at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. DXA estimates of body composition, including fat mass and lean body mass, were generated from whole-body BMC measurements. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) over height (m) squared. Physical activity was assessed, and three-day dietary records were taken at entry (baseline) and at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: No changes in @entity79 after 12 months were found in either the @entity3093 -treated (treatment) group or the @entity3093 -deficient (control) group. Other variables also remained essentially constant over the 12-month period, including normal menstrual patterns in both the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3093 -rich soy preparation had no effects on BMC and @entity79 over a 12-month period in young healthy adult females with normal menses. An @entity3093 -rich supplement appears to have little or no effect on bone in young adult @entity1 with normal ovarian function, at least over this 12-month study period.

title: Soy @entity6400 : no effects on bone mineral content and @entity79 in healthy, menstruating young adult XXXX after one year.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The purpose of this report is to examine our experience with pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity130 in a community @entity130 center. Five @entity1 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for severe combined @entity130 and duodenum from July 1980 to December 1986. All five @entity1 survived. The average age of the @entity1 was 29 years. Four @entity1 sustained blunt @entity130 and one sustained penetrating @entity130 . The average length of operation was 5 hours. There was an average of two injured organs per @entity1 in addition to pancreatic and duodenal injuries. The average hospital stay was 24 days. Two @entity1 had @entity260 requiring reoperation. All @entity1 were discharged tolerating oral feedings without the need for @entity2690 or pancreatic exocrine supplements. This report confirms the utility of pancreaticoduodenectomy for severe combined @entity788 .

title: Pancreaticoduodenectomy for XXXX : a life-saving procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and duodenal trauma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the pancreas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: In order to study the effects of the manipulation of various factors related to muscular activity on the concentration of kinins in muscular tissue, a microdialysis probe was implanted in the adductor muscle of the hindlimb in anaesthetized @entity35 . After collection of baseline samples, the perfusion fluid was changed to a Ringer solution containing @entity19794 (10 or 20 mM), @entity859 (50 or 100 microM) or a lower pH (7.0 or 6.6). Whereas perfusion with @entity880 did not have any significant effect on the concentration of kinins in the dialysate, the perfusion with a lower pH or with @entity859 dose-dependently increased the kinin content in the samples. In a second microdialysis experiment, by using specific radioimmunoassays (RIA) for @entity1812 and @entity17230 , we observed that about 70 % of the total kinins dialysed from @entity35 muscle are a @entity17230 -like peptide. Also, the simultaneous perfusion with 100 microM @entity5834 totally abolished the increase in kinin levels induced by the perfusion at pH 6.6. In a third experiment, soleus muscles from @entity35 were stimulated in vitro during 30 min in the presence or absence of 77 microM @entity5834 . Electrically stimulated contraction, but not the addition of 10 mU ml(-1) insulin, induced an increase in the concentration of the @entity17230 -like peptide in the buffer. This effect was totally prevented by the addition of the @entity859 antagonist @entity5834 . These results show that a @entity17230 -like peptide is released from @entity35 muscle, and that its production is enhanced by muscle activity. Furthermore, the increase in kinin peptides during muscle contraction may be mediated by an increase in @entity859 levels.

title: Contraction-related factors affect the concentration of a XXXX -like peptide in @entity35 muscle tissue.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity19794 :: ('MESH:D019354', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium lactate']

answer: @entity17230 :: (MESH:D007609,Chemical) :: ['kallidin']


abstract: In order to study the effects of the manipulation of various factors related to muscular activity on the concentration of kinins in muscular tissue, a microdialysis probe was implanted in the adductor muscle of the hindlimb in anaesthetized @entity35 . After collection of baseline samples, the perfusion fluid was changed to a Ringer solution containing @entity19794 (10 or 20 mM), @entity859 (50 or 100 microM) or a lower pH (7.0 or 6.6). Whereas perfusion with @entity880 did not have any significant effect on the concentration of kinins in the dialysate, the perfusion with a lower pH or with @entity859 dose-dependently increased the kinin content in the samples. In a second microdialysis experiment, by using specific radioimmunoassays (RIA) for @entity1812 and @entity17230 , we observed that about 70 % of the total kinins dialysed from @entity35 muscle are a @entity17230 -like peptide. Also, the simultaneous perfusion with 100 microM @entity5834 totally abolished the increase in kinin levels induced by the perfusion at pH 6.6. In a third experiment, soleus muscles from @entity35 were stimulated in vitro during 30 min in the presence or absence of 77 microM @entity5834 . Electrically stimulated contraction, but not the addition of 10 mU ml(-1) insulin, induced an increase in the concentration of the @entity17230 -like peptide in the buffer. This effect was totally prevented by the addition of the @entity859 antagonist @entity5834 . These results show that a @entity17230 -like peptide is released from @entity35 muscle, and that its production is enhanced by muscle activity. Furthermore, the increase in kinin peptides during muscle contraction may be mediated by an increase in @entity859 levels.

title: Contraction-related factors affect the concentration of a @entity17230 -like peptide in XXXX muscle tissue.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The cytokeratin filament network is intrinsically dynamic, continuously exchanging subunits over its entire surface, while conferring structural stability on epithelial cells. However, it is not known how cytokeratin filaments are remodeled in situations where the network is temporarily and spatially restricted. Using the @entity669 phosphatase inhibitor @entity8870 we observed rapid and reversible restructuring in living cells, which may provide the basis for such dynamics. By examining cells stably expressing fluorescent cytokeratin chimeras, we found that cytokeratin filaments were broken down and then formed into granular aggregates within a few minutes of @entity8870 addition. After drug removal, gradual reincorporation of granules into the filament network was observed for aggregates that were either part of residual filaments or stayed in close apposition to remaining filaments. Even when cytokeratin filaments were no longer detectable, granules with low mobility were still able to reestablish a cytokeratin filament network. This process took less than 30 minutes and occurred at multiple foci throughout the cytoplasm without apparent correlation to alterations in the actin- and tubulin-based systems. Interestingly, the short-lived and rather small @entity8870 -induced cytokeratin granules contained the cytoskeletal crosslinker plectin but lacked the cytokeratin-solubilising 14-3-3 proteins. By contrast, the long-lived and larger cytokeratin aggregates generated after treatment with the @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphatase inhibitor @entity18398 were negative for plectin but positive for 14-3-3 proteins. Taken together, our observations in living @entity8870 -treated interphase cells revealed modes of cytokeratin remodeling that qualify as basic mechanisms capable of rapidly adapting the cytokeratin filament cytoskeleton to specific requirements.

title: Induction of rapid and reversible cytokeratin filament network remodeling by inhibition of XXXX phosphatases.

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['okadaic acid']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity8870 :: ('MESH:D014638', 'Chemical') :: ['orthovanadate']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity432 in vascular surgery @entity1 abruptly increases arterial resistance and blood pressure, which, in turn, makes subsequent volume expansion during cross-clamp application difficult. The use of vasodilatory drugs or volatile anesthetic agents to attenuate this response may have persistent detrimental effects after clamp removal. Another potential therapy that produces rapid effects on myocardial loading conditions is positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). In a porcine model of acute aortic clamping, the hemodynamic consequences of 15 cm @entity2507 PEEP with and without plasma volume expansion were studied.(2) METHODS: Forty anesthetized @entity1707 underwent 30-min occlusion of the abdominal aorta 1 cm above the origin of the celiac artery. Animals were randomly divided into four treatment groups (n = 10 each) to receive 15 cm @entity2507 PEEP or zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) with or without plasma volume expansion using 6% hetastarch (10 ml/kg) during cross-clamp application. Mean aortic pressure was measured with a transducer-tipped catheter placed in the ascending aorta; @entity64 volume was calculated using thermodilution cardiac output. End-expiratory pressure was discontinued upon aortic declamping, and animals were studied over the ensuing 30-min period. RESULTS: @entity432 doubled systemic vascular resistance in all groups. Mean aortic blood pressure increased significantly in both ZEEP groups at 1 and 5 min but not in animals treated with 15 cm @entity2507 PEEP. The application of PEEP with aortic cross-clamping reduced cardiac output and @entity64 volume by nearly 50%. Cardiac output and @entity64 volume increased after volume expansion regardless of end-expiratory pressure. After aortic declamping, aortic blood pressure decreased in all groups but was significantly greater in the PEEP + volume group than in either ZEEP group. Similarly, 5 min after declamping, @entity64 volume was greatest in the PEEP + volume animals. CONCLUSIONS: Fifteen cm @entity2507 PEEP reduces the @entity101 response to acute @entity432 and allows concomitant volume expansion. Consequently, @entity64 volume and blood pressure are better maintained after clamp removal in @entity9239 + volume animals. The use of PEEP during acute @entity432 in @entity1 may allow rapid control of loading conditions to attenuate systemic @entity101 while permitting simultaneous volume expansion.

title: Hemodynamic benefit of positive end-expiratory pressure during acute descending XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic occlusion', 'aortic occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['aortic occlusion']


abstract: The indications and results of transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary @entity652 are analysed. The advantages and disadvantages of @entity2847 and radiotherapy are considered. Transsphenoidal surgery does not damage pre-existing pituitary function. It produces excellent results in micro and mesoadenomas, curing about 70-80% of @entity1 irrespective whether the @entity5 produces ACTH, prolactin or @entity2124 . Moreover there is a very small relapse rate. Macroadenomas of non-functioning type are also well treated by transphenoidal surgery, with a small recurrence rate as judged by CT scan follow-up. But macroadenomas secreting prolactin or @entity2124 are less effectively treated by transsphenoidal surgery, only about 40% being cured. Invasive macro @entity2013 are not helped by surgery and should be treated with @entity2847 and radiotherapy. Radiotherapy should be used sparingly and has inevitable complications. Post-operative delayed @entity227 is caused either by recurrent @entity5 or radiotherapy. There is no good evidence to support the secondary @entity4776 as a cause of such delayed @entity227 .

title: The management of @entity5 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella syndrome']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['post-operative visual deterioration']


abstract: The indications and results of transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary @entity652 are analysed. The advantages and disadvantages of @entity2847 and radiotherapy are considered. Transsphenoidal surgery does not damage pre-existing pituitary function. It produces excellent results in micro and mesoadenomas, curing about 70-80% of @entity1 irrespective whether the @entity5 produces ACTH, prolactin or @entity2124 . Moreover there is a very small relapse rate. Macroadenomas of non-functioning type are also well treated by transphenoidal surgery, with a small recurrence rate as judged by CT scan follow-up. But macroadenomas secreting prolactin or @entity2124 are less effectively treated by transsphenoidal surgery, only about 40% being cured. Invasive macro @entity2013 are not helped by surgery and should be treated with @entity2847 and radiotherapy. Radiotherapy should be used sparingly and has inevitable complications. Post-operative delayed @entity227 is caused either by recurrent @entity5 or radiotherapy. There is no good evidence to support the secondary @entity4776 as a cause of such delayed @entity227 .

title: The management of XXXX and @entity227 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumours']


abstract: A 34-year-old @entity1 visited our clinic because of right testicular swelling, @entity158 . At first he was diagnosed as having @entity697 and received medical treatment. Nevertheless, his course was poor and was hospitalized after 1 month. Incision to the scrotum was performed and about 30 ml of dark yellow pus was drained. Culture of the pus yielded @entity526 which was susceptible to all kinds of antibiotics. The local symptoms subsided, but the right testicular @entity158 still persisted. Right epididymectomy was attempted on the 22nd hospital day. At the operation an @entity733 formation in testis was found but no marked changes in the epididymis were found. Right orchiectomy was performed. Histology of testis showed extensive @entity39 and severe infiltration of many inflammatory cells. We report this rare case of @entity11570 with @entity733 formation.

title: [A case of @entity11570 with XXXX formation].

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute epididymitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity11570 :: ('MESH:D009920', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic orchitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain and scrotal erythema']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['abscess']


abstract: A 34-year-old @entity1 visited our clinic because of right testicular swelling, @entity158 . At first he was diagnosed as having @entity697 and received medical treatment. Nevertheless, his course was poor and was hospitalized after 1 month. Incision to the scrotum was performed and about 30 ml of dark yellow pus was drained. Culture of the pus yielded @entity526 which was susceptible to all kinds of antibiotics. The local symptoms subsided, but the right testicular @entity158 still persisted. Right epididymectomy was attempted on the 22nd hospital day. At the operation an @entity733 formation in testis was found but no marked changes in the epididymis were found. Right orchiectomy was performed. Histology of testis showed extensive @entity39 and severe infiltration of many inflammatory cells. We report this rare case of @entity11570 with @entity733 formation.

title: [A case of XXXX with @entity733 formation].

answer: @entity11570 :: (MESH:D009920,Disease) :: ['pyogenic orchitis']


abstract: The central nervous system (CNS) contains a remarkable diversity of cell types. The molecular basis for generating this neuronal diversity is poorly understood. Much is known, however, about the regulatory genes which control segmentation and segment identity during early @entity238 embryogenesis. Interestingly, most of the segmentation and homoeotic genes in @entity238 , as well as many of their vertebrate homologues, are expressed during the development of the nervous system (for example, ref. 3). Are these genes involved in specifying the identity of individual neurons during neurogenesis, just as they specify the identity of cells during segmentation? We previously described the CNS expression of the segmentation gene @entity19234 (ftz) and showed that ftz CNS expression is involved in the determination of an identified neuron. Here we show that another segmentation gene, even-skipped ( @entity19235 ), is expressed in a different but overlapping subset of neurons. Temperature-sensitive inactivation of the @entity19235 protein during neurogenesis alters the fate of two of these neurons. Our results indicate that the nuclear protein products of the @entity19235 and ftz segmentation genes are components of the mechanism controlling cell fate during neuronal development.

title: Control of neuronal fate by the XXXX segmentation gene even-skipped.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: @entity9646 replacement therapy (HRT) is an established approach for the treatment and the prevention of @entity170 . Many studies with bone mineral density as primary outcome have shown significant efficacy. Observational studies have indicated a significant reduction of @entity173 risk in cohorts of @entity1 who maintained HRT therapy. The @entity1 's Health Initiative is the first prospective randomised controlled study which showed a positive effect of HRT in terms of @entity173 risk. Unfortunately, this study has been interrupted after 5.2 years because of the unsupportable increase of risk of @entity65 and @entity0 . Compliance with HRT, however, is typically poor because of the potential side effects and possible increased risk of @entity0 . Nevertheless, there is now evidence that lower doses of @entity172 in elderly @entity1 may prevent @entity604 while minimizing the side effects seen with higher doses. Combination therapies using low doses @entity172 should probably be reserved for @entity1 who continue to @entity174 on single therapy. Selective @entity172 receptor modulators (SERMs) are very interesting drugs. The goal of these agents is to maximize the beneficial effect of @entity172 on bone and to minimize or antagonize the deleterious effects on the breast and endometrium. @entity441 , approved for the prevention and the treatment of @entity170 , has been shown to reduce the risks of @entity174 in large clinical trials. However, they don't reduce non vertebral @entity174 . @entity11347 is a synthetic @entity134 that increased bone mineral density at lumbar spine and femoral neck. But no trial has been performed with @entity174 as end point.

title: [ @entity9646 replacement therapy and its derivatives in the prevention and treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast or endometrial cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of vertebral and hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['Raloxifene']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: @entity9646 replacement therapy (HRT) is an established approach for the treatment and the prevention of @entity170 . Many studies with bone mineral density as primary outcome have shown significant efficacy. Observational studies have indicated a significant reduction of @entity173 risk in cohorts of @entity1 who maintained HRT therapy. The @entity1 's Health Initiative is the first prospective randomised controlled study which showed a positive effect of HRT in terms of @entity173 risk. Unfortunately, this study has been interrupted after 5.2 years because of the unsupportable increase of risk of @entity65 and @entity0 . Compliance with HRT, however, is typically poor because of the potential side effects and possible increased risk of @entity0 . Nevertheless, there is now evidence that lower doses of @entity172 in elderly @entity1 may prevent @entity604 while minimizing the side effects seen with higher doses. Combination therapies using low doses @entity172 should probably be reserved for @entity1 who continue to @entity174 on single therapy. Selective @entity172 receptor modulators (SERMs) are very interesting drugs. The goal of these agents is to maximize the beneficial effect of @entity172 on bone and to minimize or antagonize the deleterious effects on the breast and endometrium. @entity441 , approved for the prevention and the treatment of @entity170 , has been shown to reduce the risks of @entity174 in large clinical trials. However, they don't reduce non vertebral @entity174 . @entity11347 is a synthetic @entity134 that increased bone mineral density at lumbar spine and femoral neck. But no trial has been performed with @entity174 as end point.

title: [ XXXX replacement therapy and its derivatives in the prevention and treatment of @entity170 ].

answer: @entity9646 :: (MESH:D006728,Chemical) :: ['Hormone']


abstract: The first IARC Monographs Volume was distributed in 1972, and over the 23 years through 1993, under the leadership of Dr Lorenzo Tomatis, 59 IARC Monographs were completed. During 1977-1979 the author was privileged to lead the program for Volumes 15-22, and participated in the pioneering development of the @entity16365 Preamble and Categories of Evidence. During this era other Chiefs of the IARC Monographs included Claus Agthe, Harri Vainio, Antero Aitio, and Julian Wilbourn. Since then (starting with Volume 62: 1995), a new attitude seems to have pervaded the IARC Monographs program, resulting in an increasing influence of or partiality for industry and a diminishing dedication to public and occupational health and safety concerns, and for primary prevention. Some of this attitude comes from an apparent misguided scientific zest prematurely to endorse purported or hypothetical mechanisms of chemical @entity105 or modes of action of chemicals causing @entity5 in experimental animals. These speculations are in turn used cavalierly to discount the value of experimental evidence for predicting probable carcinogenicity to @entity1 . Most often this is accomplished by opining that the mechanism(s) of carcinogenicity in animals would not be operative in @entity1 . End of explanation. Examples whereby the IARC has recently "down-graded" or "under-graded" the available evidence of carcinogenicity include: @entity334 ; @entity12472 ; @entity16748 -based dyes; @entity8335 , @entity1044 ( @entity1044 ); @entity5248 ; glass wool insulation; MtBE [ @entity7388 ]; @entity26244 ; @entity8021 ; sunlamps and sunbeds (use of); @entity4965 ; @entity13136 ; and others more inclusively mentioned in the text and tables. Further impeding or compromising public health, chemicals causing site-specific @entity5 in animals attendant with calculi/precipitate in the urinary bladder, @entity5651 and thyroid gland, kidney and alpha-2mu globulin, peroxisome proliferation and @entity96 , and cell proliferation in general have led the IARC to discount these car- cinogenic effects. To stem this tide at the IARC, new leadership, with more objectivity and public health perspective, is needed.

title: IARC monographs, industry influence, and upgrading, downgrading, and under-grading chemicals: a personal point of view. International Agency for Research on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene chloride', 'dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity26244 :: ('MESH:C025589', 'Chemical') :: ['ochratoxin A']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity7388 :: ('CHEBI:27642', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl tertiary butyl ether']

entities_list: @entity334 :: ('MESH:D000181', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylonitrile']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity13136 :: ('MESH:D013418', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethazine']

entities_list: @entity16748 :: ('MESH:C029876', 'Chemical') :: ['benzidine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity956 , conventional @entity6470 ablation may not result in complete @entity616 . This prospective, randomized study tested the hypothesis that the cooled @entity6470 ablation is safe and facilitates the achievement of @entity616 with fewer @entity6470 applications than with standard ablation for typical @entity956 . Isthmus ablation was performed in 59 @entity1 (40 @entity1 , 64 +/- 14 years) with @entity956 using standard @entity6470 (n = 31) or cooled @entity6470 (n = 28) catheters with crossover after 12 unsuccessful @entity6470 applications. The endpoint was bidirectional @entity616 or a total of 24 unsuccessful @entity6470 applications. After the first 12 @entity6470 applications, 17 (55%) of 31 standard @entity6470 and 22 (79%) of 28 cooled @entity6470 @entity1 had bidirectional @entity616 (P < 0.05). After the remaining @entity1 crossed over to the alternate @entity6470 ablation system and underwent up to 12 more @entity6470 applications, bidirectional @entity616 had been demonstrated in 27 (87%) of 31 standard @entity6470 and 25 (89%) of 28 cooled @entity6470 @entity1 (P = NS). Isthmus block was not achieved within 24 @entity6470 applications in four standard and three cooled @entity6470 @entity1 . Mean measured tip temperatures for cooled @entity6470 were lower than for standard @entity6470 (38.5 degrees C +/- 6.98 degrees C vs 57.2 degrees C +/- 7.42 degrees C, P < 0.0001). Peak temperatures were also lower for cooled @entity6470 compared to standard @entity6470 (45.7 degrees C +/- 22.7 degrees C vs 63.4 degrees C +/- 9.87 degrees C, P < 0.0001). Importantly, mean power delivered was significantly higher for cooled than for standard @entity6470 (42.3 +/- 9.48 vs 34.0 +/- 14.0 W, P < 0.0001). There were no serious complications for either ablation system. During a 12.8 +/- 3.76-month follow-up, there were two @entity956 in the cooled @entity6470 group and four in the standard @entity6470 group (P = NS). In @entity1 with @entity956 , ablation with the cooled @entity6470 catheter is as safe as, and facilitates creation of bidirectional @entity616 more rapidly than, standard @entity6470 ablation.

title: Prospective randomized comparison of cooled radiofrequency versus standard radiofrequency energy for ablation of typical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['type I atrial flutter', 'atrial flutter', 'atrial flutter recurrences']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['isthmus block']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is now increasingly applied not only to @entity1503 such as @entity1778 and @entity2150 but also to some of solid @entity5 . We experienced ten cases of bone marrow harvest and six cases of autologous or allogeneic BMT during the period from June, 1986 to August, 1987. For autologous BMT cases, bone marrow cells were harvested and cryopreserved at -196 degrees C in liquid @entity1568 tank and colony forming assays were examined to ascertain the colony forming ability of harvested bone marrow stem cells. Recovery of colony forming ability after cryopreservation in colony forming unit in culture and burst forming unit in erythrocyte is about 63 to 73% and well preserved. Among 6 cases undergone BMT, five cases are @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 including @entity0 , @entity4797 , @entity2 , @entity706 and @entity1313 and these 5 cases have undergone autologous BMT. Conditioning regimen for each @entity5 in autologous BMT differs based upon conventional chemotherapy regimen and two to four fold dose of conventionally used chemotherapy regimen were administered and after two or three days of high dose chemotherapy, cryopreserved bone marrow cells were thawed and infused. Peripheral white blood cells and platelets were recovered to more than 1000/microliters and 5 x 10(4)/microliters, respectively, within 21 days after bone marrow cell infusion. Disappearance or decrease in @entity5 size was observed in all cases except @entity1313 even though those cases were advanced ones. After autologous BMT, recurrence occurred within three to five months in three cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Basic and clinical studies on XXXX who have undergone autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Hematopoietic reconstitution in the allogeneic chimera is an important issue because its failure causes fatal @entity281 in the host. Although @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) often occurs and is a major obstacle for successful bone marrow transplantation (BMT), it does not always play an unfavorable role in the host. It has been suggested that @entity2132 may show some effects on the hematopoietic reconstitution. In order to elucidate mechanism of the influence of @entity2132 on the hematopoiesis, I have studied kinetics of the hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow chimeric @entity19 and the effects of spleen cells on it using in vitro @entity7419 assay. The number of @entity7419 in the bone marrow obtained from the allogeneic chimeras were reduced in the very early phase after BMT compared to that of syngeneic bone marrow chimeras. After then, the @entity7419 number in the allogeneic chimeras increased rapidly, especially in the chimeras showing a sign of severe @entity2132 . Addition of spleen cells from syngeneic chimeras to the bone marrow cell cultures showed no influence on the @entity7419 number observed. However, addition of spleen cells from allogeneic chimeras at 14 days after BMT to the bone marrow cells increased the @entity7419 number. By contrast, the chimeric spleen cells at 21 days after BMT decreased the number. These biphasic effects of spleen cells from allogeneic chimeras on the @entity7419 were considered to be mediated by some kinds of colony stimulating and inhibiting factors. Intraperitoneal injections of recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factors into bone marrow chimeras increased the number of granulocyte.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Hematopoietic reconstitution in the allogeneic bone marrow chimeric XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: This phase I study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose of @entity3003 when administered in combination with a fixed dose of @entity1206 and concomitant radiation therapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . Chemotherapy was administered on days 1 and 8 of two 21 day cycles. It consisted of @entity1206 at 15 mg/m(2) and @entity3003 administered at an initial area under the curve (AUC) of 1.5, and increased by an AUC of 0.5 per dose level to a maximum AUC of 3, corresponding with an AUC of 6 per cycle of chemotherapy. Radiation was administered in daily fractions of 200 cGy over 5-7 weeks. We treated 36 @entity1 , of whom 27 had @entity5 , and nine had stage IV disease but required thoracic radiation for palliation. @entity137 included @entity1398 (three with Grade 4) and @entity2910 (seven with Grade 3 and one with Grade 4). Four @entity1 had @entity1207 4-7 months after completing therapy, three of whom died. The recommended phase II dose of @entity3003 is an AUC of 3 on 2 consecutive weeks. Of 33 @entity1 evaluable for response within the radiation field, 17 (52%) had complete or partial response, and 13 had stable disease. Of seven @entity1 evaluable with distant metastatic disease, three had a complete or partial response, and two had stable disease. The median survival for the entire group and for @entity1 with @entity5 was 13.5 months. We conclude that the combination of @entity3003 , @entity1206 , and radiotherapy is feasible at these doses. It may be a useful alternative for @entity1 not able to tolerate @entity900 -based therapy.

title: @entity3003 plus @entity1206 with concomitant radiation therapy in advanced XXXX : a phase I study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II or III disease', 'stage II/III disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['radiation pneumonitis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: This phase I study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose of @entity3003 when administered in combination with a fixed dose of @entity1206 and concomitant radiation therapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . Chemotherapy was administered on days 1 and 8 of two 21 day cycles. It consisted of @entity1206 at 15 mg/m(2) and @entity3003 administered at an initial area under the curve (AUC) of 1.5, and increased by an AUC of 0.5 per dose level to a maximum AUC of 3, corresponding with an AUC of 6 per cycle of chemotherapy. Radiation was administered in daily fractions of 200 cGy over 5-7 weeks. We treated 36 @entity1 , of whom 27 had @entity5 , and nine had stage IV disease but required thoracic radiation for palliation. @entity137 included @entity1398 (three with Grade 4) and @entity2910 (seven with Grade 3 and one with Grade 4). Four @entity1 had @entity1207 4-7 months after completing therapy, three of whom died. The recommended phase II dose of @entity3003 is an AUC of 3 on 2 consecutive weeks. Of 33 @entity1 evaluable for response within the radiation field, 17 (52%) had complete or partial response, and 13 had stable disease. Of seven @entity1 evaluable with distant metastatic disease, three had a complete or partial response, and two had stable disease. The median survival for the entire group and for @entity1 with @entity5 was 13.5 months. We conclude that the combination of @entity3003 , @entity1206 , and radiotherapy is feasible at these doses. It may be a useful alternative for @entity1 not able to tolerate @entity900 -based therapy.

title: XXXX plus @entity1206 with concomitant radiation therapy in advanced @entity1149 : a phase I study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['Carboplatin']


abstract: This phase I study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose of @entity3003 when administered in combination with a fixed dose of @entity1206 and concomitant radiation therapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . Chemotherapy was administered on days 1 and 8 of two 21 day cycles. It consisted of @entity1206 at 15 mg/m(2) and @entity3003 administered at an initial area under the curve (AUC) of 1.5, and increased by an AUC of 0.5 per dose level to a maximum AUC of 3, corresponding with an AUC of 6 per cycle of chemotherapy. Radiation was administered in daily fractions of 200 cGy over 5-7 weeks. We treated 36 @entity1 , of whom 27 had @entity5 , and nine had stage IV disease but required thoracic radiation for palliation. @entity137 included @entity1398 (three with Grade 4) and @entity2910 (seven with Grade 3 and one with Grade 4). Four @entity1 had @entity1207 4-7 months after completing therapy, three of whom died. The recommended phase II dose of @entity3003 is an AUC of 3 on 2 consecutive weeks. Of 33 @entity1 evaluable for response within the radiation field, 17 (52%) had complete or partial response, and 13 had stable disease. Of seven @entity1 evaluable with distant metastatic disease, three had a complete or partial response, and two had stable disease. The median survival for the entire group and for @entity1 with @entity5 was 13.5 months. We conclude that the combination of @entity3003 , @entity1206 , and radiotherapy is feasible at these doses. It may be a useful alternative for @entity1 not able to tolerate @entity900 -based therapy.

title: @entity3003 plus XXXX with concomitant radiation therapy in advanced @entity1149 : a phase I study.

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: @entity755 (apo B) is the major component of LDL, VLDL and chylomicrons. Variations of lipid concentrations in @entity28 @entity1 result from @entity28 , nutritional and genetic factors. Many genetic polymorphisms of the apo B have been described, associated with variation of lipid concentrations. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of VNTR3' polymorphism of the @entity755 gene on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in overweight subjects. 234 unrelated outpatients (160 @entity1 and 74 @entity1 , aged 39.3 y 10.5; BMI: 32.8 kg/m2 4.7) were recruited. Using the polymerase chain reaction followed by electrophoresis in @entity2975 gels, 15 different alleles have been identified. Among them four have been observed less than 5 times in our study. Alleles with 21, 25, 35 and 42 repeats have been observed once. The most frequent is VNTR36 allele (38%), followed by alleles 34, 30, 48, and 46 repeats whose frequencies are 20, 9, 8, and 7% respectively. The possible association between alleles of the VNTR3' of the @entity755 and anthroprometric and lipid variables was examined. Subjects with 50 repeat allele had significantly higher BMI, and subjects with 32 repeat allele had significantly higher HDL-C and ApoAI levels. Our study confirms in the @entity28 subjects, results published in the general litterature, and shows that the @entity755 has an important role in the metabolism of plasma lipids and most particulary its gene variants.

title: [VNTR3' polymorphism of apoliproprotein B gene in XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apoB', 'Apolipoprotein B']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: @entity755 (apo B) is the major component of LDL, VLDL and chylomicrons. Variations of lipid concentrations in @entity28 @entity1 result from @entity28 , nutritional and genetic factors. Many genetic polymorphisms of the apo B have been described, associated with variation of lipid concentrations. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of VNTR3' polymorphism of the @entity755 gene on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in overweight subjects. 234 unrelated outpatients (160 @entity1 and 74 @entity1 , aged 39.3 y 10.5; BMI: 32.8 kg/m2 4.7) were recruited. Using the polymerase chain reaction followed by electrophoresis in @entity2975 gels, 15 different alleles have been identified. Among them four have been observed less than 5 times in our study. Alleles with 21, 25, 35 and 42 repeats have been observed once. The most frequent is VNTR36 allele (38%), followed by alleles 34, 30, 48, and 46 repeats whose frequencies are 20, 9, 8, and 7% respectively. The possible association between alleles of the VNTR3' of the @entity755 and anthroprometric and lipid variables was examined. Subjects with 50 repeat allele had significantly higher BMI, and subjects with 32 repeat allele had significantly higher HDL-C and ApoAI levels. Our study confirms in the @entity28 subjects, results published in the general litterature, and shows that the @entity755 has an important role in the metabolism of plasma lipids and most particulary its gene variants.

title: [VNTR3' polymorphism of apoliproprotein B gene in @entity28 XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Caveolin-1 ( @entity3895 -1) is the principal structural protein of caveolae membranes that are found in most cells types, including mammary epithelial cells. Recently, we mapped the @entity1 @entity5689 gene to a suspected @entity5 suppressor locus (7q31.1/D7S522) that is deleted in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 , as well as @entity5 . In addition, the @entity5689 gene is mutated ( @entity22156 ) in up to approximately 16% of @entity1 @entity0 . The mechanism by which deletion or mutation of the @entity3895 -1 gene contributes to mammary tumorigenesis remains unknown. To understand the role of the @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) mutation in the pathogenesis of @entity1 @entity0 , we generated the same mutation in wild-type (WT) @entity3895 -1 and studied its behavior in cultured cells. Interestingly, the @entity22156 mutation leads to formation of misfolded @entity3895 -1 oligomers that are retained within the Golgi complex and are not targeted to caveolae or the plasma membrane. To examine whether the @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) mutant behaves in a dominant-negative manner, we next co-transfected cells with @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) and WT @entity3895 -1, and evaluated their caveolar targeting. Our results indicate that @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) behaves in a dominant-negative manner, causing the mislocalization and intracellular retention of WT @entity3895 -1. Virtually identical results were obtained when @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) was stably expressed at physiological levels in a nontransformed @entity1 mammary epithelial cell line (hTERT-HME1). These data provide a molecular explanation for why only a single mutated @entity5689 allele is found in @entity1 with @entity0 . Thus, we next investigated if functional inactivation of @entity3895 -1 gene expression leads to mammary tumorigenesis in vivo. For this purpose, we performed mammary gland analysis on @entity3895 -1-deficient @entity19 (-/-) that harbor a targeted disruption of the @entity3895 -1 gene (a null mutation). Interestingly, we show that inactivation of @entity3895 -1 gene expression leads to mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 , even in 6-week-old virgin female @entity19 . These data clearly implicate loss of functional @entity3895 -1 in the pathogenesis of mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 , and suggest that @entity3895 -1-null @entity19 represent a novel animal model to study premalignant mammary disease.

title: Caveolin-1 mutations ( @entity22156 and null) and the pathogenesis of @entity0 : caveolin-1 ( @entity22156 ) behaves in a dominant-negative manner and caveolin-1 (-/-) null @entity19 show mammary epithelial cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: Caveolin-1 ( @entity3895 -1) is the principal structural protein of caveolae membranes that are found in most cells types, including mammary epithelial cells. Recently, we mapped the @entity1 @entity5689 gene to a suspected @entity5 suppressor locus (7q31.1/D7S522) that is deleted in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 , as well as @entity5 . In addition, the @entity5689 gene is mutated ( @entity22156 ) in up to approximately 16% of @entity1 @entity0 . The mechanism by which deletion or mutation of the @entity3895 -1 gene contributes to mammary tumorigenesis remains unknown. To understand the role of the @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) mutation in the pathogenesis of @entity1 @entity0 , we generated the same mutation in wild-type (WT) @entity3895 -1 and studied its behavior in cultured cells. Interestingly, the @entity22156 mutation leads to formation of misfolded @entity3895 -1 oligomers that are retained within the Golgi complex and are not targeted to caveolae or the plasma membrane. To examine whether the @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) mutant behaves in a dominant-negative manner, we next co-transfected cells with @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) and WT @entity3895 -1, and evaluated their caveolar targeting. Our results indicate that @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) behaves in a dominant-negative manner, causing the mislocalization and intracellular retention of WT @entity3895 -1. Virtually identical results were obtained when @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) was stably expressed at physiological levels in a nontransformed @entity1 mammary epithelial cell line (hTERT-HME1). These data provide a molecular explanation for why only a single mutated @entity5689 allele is found in @entity1 with @entity0 . Thus, we next investigated if functional inactivation of @entity3895 -1 gene expression leads to mammary tumorigenesis in vivo. For this purpose, we performed mammary gland analysis on @entity3895 -1-deficient @entity19 (-/-) that harbor a targeted disruption of the @entity3895 -1 gene (a null mutation). Interestingly, we show that inactivation of @entity3895 -1 gene expression leads to mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 , even in 6-week-old virgin female @entity19 . These data clearly implicate loss of functional @entity3895 -1 in the pathogenesis of mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 , and suggest that @entity3895 -1-null @entity19 represent a novel animal model to study premalignant mammary disease.

title: Caveolin-1 mutations ( @entity22156 and null) and the pathogenesis of XXXX : caveolin-1 ( @entity22156 ) behaves in a dominant-negative manner and caveolin-1 (-/-) null @entity19 show mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Caveolin-1 ( @entity3895 -1) is the principal structural protein of caveolae membranes that are found in most cells types, including mammary epithelial cells. Recently, we mapped the @entity1 @entity5689 gene to a suspected @entity5 suppressor locus (7q31.1/D7S522) that is deleted in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 , as well as @entity5 . In addition, the @entity5689 gene is mutated ( @entity22156 ) in up to approximately 16% of @entity1 @entity0 . The mechanism by which deletion or mutation of the @entity3895 -1 gene contributes to mammary tumorigenesis remains unknown. To understand the role of the @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) mutation in the pathogenesis of @entity1 @entity0 , we generated the same mutation in wild-type (WT) @entity3895 -1 and studied its behavior in cultured cells. Interestingly, the @entity22156 mutation leads to formation of misfolded @entity3895 -1 oligomers that are retained within the Golgi complex and are not targeted to caveolae or the plasma membrane. To examine whether the @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) mutant behaves in a dominant-negative manner, we next co-transfected cells with @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) and WT @entity3895 -1, and evaluated their caveolar targeting. Our results indicate that @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) behaves in a dominant-negative manner, causing the mislocalization and intracellular retention of WT @entity3895 -1. Virtually identical results were obtained when @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) was stably expressed at physiological levels in a nontransformed @entity1 mammary epithelial cell line (hTERT-HME1). These data provide a molecular explanation for why only a single mutated @entity5689 allele is found in @entity1 with @entity0 . Thus, we next investigated if functional inactivation of @entity3895 -1 gene expression leads to mammary tumorigenesis in vivo. For this purpose, we performed mammary gland analysis on @entity3895 -1-deficient @entity19 (-/-) that harbor a targeted disruption of the @entity3895 -1 gene (a null mutation). Interestingly, we show that inactivation of @entity3895 -1 gene expression leads to mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 , even in 6-week-old virgin female @entity19 . These data clearly implicate loss of functional @entity3895 -1 in the pathogenesis of mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 , and suggest that @entity3895 -1-null @entity19 represent a novel animal model to study premalignant mammary disease.

title: Caveolin-1 mutations ( XXXX and null) and the pathogenesis of @entity0 : caveolin-1 ( @entity22156 ) behaves in a dominant-negative manner and caveolin-1 (-/-) null @entity19 show mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 .

answer: @entity22156 :: (p|SUB|P|132|L,ProteinMutation) :: ['P132L']


abstract: Caveolin-1 ( @entity3895 -1) is the principal structural protein of caveolae membranes that are found in most cells types, including mammary epithelial cells. Recently, we mapped the @entity1 @entity5689 gene to a suspected @entity5 suppressor locus (7q31.1/D7S522) that is deleted in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 , as well as @entity5 . In addition, the @entity5689 gene is mutated ( @entity22156 ) in up to approximately 16% of @entity1 @entity0 . The mechanism by which deletion or mutation of the @entity3895 -1 gene contributes to mammary tumorigenesis remains unknown. To understand the role of the @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) mutation in the pathogenesis of @entity1 @entity0 , we generated the same mutation in wild-type (WT) @entity3895 -1 and studied its behavior in cultured cells. Interestingly, the @entity22156 mutation leads to formation of misfolded @entity3895 -1 oligomers that are retained within the Golgi complex and are not targeted to caveolae or the plasma membrane. To examine whether the @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) mutant behaves in a dominant-negative manner, we next co-transfected cells with @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) and WT @entity3895 -1, and evaluated their caveolar targeting. Our results indicate that @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) behaves in a dominant-negative manner, causing the mislocalization and intracellular retention of WT @entity3895 -1. Virtually identical results were obtained when @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) was stably expressed at physiological levels in a nontransformed @entity1 mammary epithelial cell line (hTERT-HME1). These data provide a molecular explanation for why only a single mutated @entity5689 allele is found in @entity1 with @entity0 . Thus, we next investigated if functional inactivation of @entity3895 -1 gene expression leads to mammary tumorigenesis in vivo. For this purpose, we performed mammary gland analysis on @entity3895 -1-deficient @entity19 (-/-) that harbor a targeted disruption of the @entity3895 -1 gene (a null mutation). Interestingly, we show that inactivation of @entity3895 -1 gene expression leads to mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 , even in 6-week-old virgin female @entity19 . These data clearly implicate loss of functional @entity3895 -1 in the pathogenesis of mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 , and suggest that @entity3895 -1-null @entity19 represent a novel animal model to study premalignant mammary disease.

title: Caveolin-1 mutations ( @entity22156 and null) and the pathogenesis of @entity0 : caveolin-1 ( XXXX ) behaves in a dominant-negative manner and caveolin-1 (-/-) null @entity19 show mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 .

answer: @entity22156 :: (p|SUB|P|132|L,ProteinMutation) :: ['P132L']