abstract: Spinal interneurons are partially phase-locked to physiological @entity400 around 10 Hz. The phase of spinal interneuron activity is approximately opposite to descending drive to motoneurons, leading to partial phase cancellation and @entity400 reduction. Pre-synaptic inhibition of afferent feedback modulates during @entity717 , but it is not known whether it tracks more rapid fluctuations in motor output such as during @entity400 . In this study, dorsal root potentials (DRPs) were recorded from the C8 and T1 roots in two macaque monkeys following intra-spinal micro-stimulation (random inter-stimulus interval 1.5-2.5 s, 30-100  A), whilst the animals performed an index finger flexion task which elicited @entity1897 around 10 Hz. Forty one responses were identified with latency < 5 ms; these were narrow (mean width 0.59 ms), and likely resulted from antidromic activation of afferents following stimulation near terminals. Significant modulation during task performance occurred in 16/41 responses, reflecting terminal excitability changes generated by pre-synaptic inhibition (Wall's excitability test). Stimuli falling during @entity17558 in finger acceleration were extracted, and sub-averages of DRPs constructed for stimuli delivered at different oscillation phases. Although some apparent phase-dependent modulation was seen, this was not above the level expected by chance. We conclude that, although terminal excitability reflecting pre-synaptic inhibition of afferents modulates over the timescale of a @entity717 , it does not follow more rapid changes in motor output. This suggests that pre-synaptic inhibition is not part of the spinal systems for @entity400 reduction described previously, and that it plays a role in overall-but not moment-by-moment-regulation of feedback gain.

title: Pre-Synaptic Inhibition of Afferent Feedback in the Macaque Spinal Cord Does Not Modulate with Cycles of XXXX Around 10 Hz.

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral oscillations']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movements', 'voluntary movement']

entities_list: @entity17558 :: ('MESH:C538001', 'Disease') :: ['large-amplitude 8-12 Hz oscillations']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Peripheral Oscillations']


abstract: @entity14 is a disease of the elderly, with 70% of @entity1 being aged 65 years or older. In Western countries, the total number of elderly @entity1 with this disease is expected to further increase in the future. Since the incidence of adverse physical or socioeconomic conditions in the elderly is higher than in younger @entity1 , a thorough assessment of the @entity1 's suitability for therapy should be performed before a decision is made. Using a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) to subdivide the population of elderly @entity5 @entity1 into three groups can help to guide treatment decisions. Both in the adjuvant and in the palliative setting, there are sufficient data supporting the use of @entity1487 -based chemotherapy in fit elderly @entity1 who can tolerate cytotoxic treatment. Systemic chemotherapy has been shown to effectively reduce mortality in the adjuvant situation and to be of clinical benefit for @entity1 with @entity3 in terms of longer survival, control of symptoms and quality of life. In recent years, new substances such as @entity901 or @entity2600 have shown significant activity in the treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 . However, information on how to guide the use of these new drugs in elderly @entity1 is still lacking. Limited data from clinical trials indicate treatment efficacy in selected elderly @entity1 comparable to that observed in younger @entity1 , with overall manageable @entity137 . Clearly, further clinical trials in elderly @entity1 with @entity14 are necessary as well as the incorporation of aspects of geriatric medicine into the teaching programme of medical oncologists.

title: XXXX in the elderly: is palliative chemotherapy of value?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: The prevalence of nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia--that is, blood @entity413 concentrations below 3 mmol/l (55 mg/100 ml)--was evaluated in a random sample of 58 insulin dependent @entity6 receiving twice daily insulin. Seventeen @entity1 had at least one blood @entity413 value below 3 mmol/l (55 mg/100 ml) and five a value below 2 mmol/l (36 mg/100 ml) during the night. Both bedtime (2300) and fasting morning (0700) blood @entity413 concentrations were significantly lower in the group with @entity7965 compared with the group without (p less than 0.00001). If the bedtime blood @entity413 concentration was below 6 mmol/l (108 mg/100 ml) the risk of @entity7965 was 80% (95% confidence limits 51-96%). If the bedtime blood @entity413 concentration was above 6 mmol/l the likelihood of hypoglycaemia not occurring during the night was 88% (74-96%). The mean glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentration in the group with nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia (8.2 (range 5.0-12.4)%) was significantly lower than that in the group without (9.4(7.0-14.2)%) (p less than 0.02). The prevalence of @entity7965 in the @entity1 receiving twice daily insulin (29%) was compared with that in 15 @entity1 receiving thrice daily insulin (47%) and was not found to be significantly different. The likelihood of this risk being greater with thrice daily insulin was, however, 88%. No @entity1 with nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia woke up during the night with symptomatic hypoglycaemia. Nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia is common during twice daily treatment with insulin, and low values of HbA1c might be associated with a higher risk of such hypoglycaemia. The blood @entity413 concentration at bedtime is a significant predictor of nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia, and HbA1c values might be of help in identifying @entity1 at risk.

title: XXXX in @entity1 receiving conventional treatment with insulin.

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal hypoglycaemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

answer: @entity7965 :: (MESH:D006457,Disease) :: ['Nocturnal hypoglycaemia']


abstract: The prevalence of nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia--that is, blood @entity413 concentrations below 3 mmol/l (55 mg/100 ml)--was evaluated in a random sample of 58 insulin dependent @entity6 receiving twice daily insulin. Seventeen @entity1 had at least one blood @entity413 value below 3 mmol/l (55 mg/100 ml) and five a value below 2 mmol/l (36 mg/100 ml) during the night. Both bedtime (2300) and fasting morning (0700) blood @entity413 concentrations were significantly lower in the group with @entity7965 compared with the group without (p less than 0.00001). If the bedtime blood @entity413 concentration was below 6 mmol/l (108 mg/100 ml) the risk of @entity7965 was 80% (95% confidence limits 51-96%). If the bedtime blood @entity413 concentration was above 6 mmol/l the likelihood of hypoglycaemia not occurring during the night was 88% (74-96%). The mean glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentration in the group with nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia (8.2 (range 5.0-12.4)%) was significantly lower than that in the group without (9.4(7.0-14.2)%) (p less than 0.02). The prevalence of @entity7965 in the @entity1 receiving twice daily insulin (29%) was compared with that in 15 @entity1 receiving thrice daily insulin (47%) and was not found to be significantly different. The likelihood of this risk being greater with thrice daily insulin was, however, 88%. No @entity1 with nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia woke up during the night with symptomatic hypoglycaemia. Nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia is common during twice daily treatment with insulin, and low values of HbA1c might be associated with a higher risk of such hypoglycaemia. The blood @entity413 concentration at bedtime is a significant predictor of nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia, and HbA1c values might be of help in identifying @entity1 at risk.

title: @entity7965 in XXXX receiving conventional treatment with insulin.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that affects ~300 million @entity1 worldwide. It is characterized by airway constriction that leads to wheezing, coughing, and @entity1353 . The most common treatments are @entity288 and b2-adrenergic receptor antagonists, which target @entity32 and airway smooth muscle constriction, respectively. The incidence and severity of @entity565 is greater in @entity1 than in @entity1 , and @entity1 are more prone to develop @entity228 -resistant or "hard-to-treat" @entity565 . Puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, and @entity7280 are known to contribute to disease outcome in @entity1 , suggesting a role for @entity172 and other hormones impacting @entity32 . Currently, the mechanisms underlying these sex differences are poorly understood, although the effect of sex hormones, such as @entity172 , on @entity32 is gaining interest. Asthma presents as a heterogeneous disease. In typical Th2-type @entity56 , interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity4047 predominate, driving IgE production and recruitment of eosinophils into the lungs. Chronic Th2- @entity32 in the lung results in structural changes and activation of multiple immune cell types, leading to a deterioration of lung function over time. Most immune cells express @entity172 receptors ( @entity1782 , @entity1783 , or the membrane-bound G-protein-coupled ER) to varying degrees and can respond to the hormone. Together these receptors have demonstrated the capacity to regulate a spectrum of immune functions, including adhesion, migration, survival, wound healing, and antibody and cytokine production. This review will cover the current understanding of @entity172 signaling in @entity32 and discuss how this signaling may contribute to sex differences in @entity565 and @entity566 .

title: XXXX Signaling Modulates @entity32 and Contributes to Sex Differences in Asthma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity7280 :: ('MESH:D003276', 'Chemical') :: ['oral contraceptives']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that affects ~300 million @entity1 worldwide. It is characterized by airway constriction that leads to wheezing, coughing, and @entity1353 . The most common treatments are @entity288 and b2-adrenergic receptor antagonists, which target @entity32 and airway smooth muscle constriction, respectively. The incidence and severity of @entity565 is greater in @entity1 than in @entity1 , and @entity1 are more prone to develop @entity228 -resistant or "hard-to-treat" @entity565 . Puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, and @entity7280 are known to contribute to disease outcome in @entity1 , suggesting a role for @entity172 and other hormones impacting @entity32 . Currently, the mechanisms underlying these sex differences are poorly understood, although the effect of sex hormones, such as @entity172 , on @entity32 is gaining interest. Asthma presents as a heterogeneous disease. In typical Th2-type @entity56 , interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity4047 predominate, driving IgE production and recruitment of eosinophils into the lungs. Chronic Th2- @entity32 in the lung results in structural changes and activation of multiple immune cell types, leading to a deterioration of lung function over time. Most immune cells express @entity172 receptors ( @entity1782 , @entity1783 , or the membrane-bound G-protein-coupled ER) to varying degrees and can respond to the hormone. Together these receptors have demonstrated the capacity to regulate a spectrum of immune functions, including adhesion, migration, survival, wound healing, and antibody and cytokine production. This review will cover the current understanding of @entity172 signaling in @entity32 and discuss how this signaling may contribute to sex differences in @entity565 and @entity566 .

title: @entity172 Signaling Modulates XXXX and Contributes to Sex Differences in Asthma.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Allergic Inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genome wide association studies (GWAS) for @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) undertaken in European and Asian ancestry populations have yielded dozens of robustly associated loci. However, the genomics of @entity2175 remains largely understudied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where rates of @entity2175 are increasing dramatically and where the environmental background is quite different than in these previous studies. Here, we evaluate 106 reported @entity2175 GWAS loci in continental Africans. We tested each of these SNPs, and SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with these index SNPs, for an association with @entity2175 in order to assess transferability and to fine map the loci leveraging the generally reduced LD of African genomes. The study included 1775 unrelated Africans (1035 @entity2175 cases, 740 controls; mean age 54 years; 59% female) enrolled in Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya as part of the Africa America @entity6 (AADM) study. All samples were genotyped on the Affymetrix Axiom PanAFR SNP array. Forty-one of the tested loci showed transferability to this African sample (p < 0.05, same direction of effect), 11 at the exact reported SNP and 30 others at SNPs in LD with the reported SNP (after adjustment for the number of tested SNPs). @entity8405 SNP @entity8406 was the most significant locus in this study (p = 1.61 * 10(-8)). Most of the loci that showed transferability were successfully fine-mapped, i.e., localized to smaller haplotypes than in the original reports. The findings indicate that the genetic architecture of @entity2175 in SSA is characterized by several risk loci shared with non-African ancestral populations and that data from African populations may facilitate fine mapping of risk loci. The study provides an important resource for meta-analysis of African ancestry populations and transferability of novel loci.

title: Evaluation of Genome Wide Association Study Associated Type 2 XXXX Susceptibility Loci in Sub Saharan Africans.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although it is known that a change in any level of the spine alters biomechanics, there are not many studies to evaluate the spine as a whole in both sagittal and frontal planes. This prospective cohort study evaluates the morphology and mobility of the entire spine in @entity1 with @entity174 . The Treatment Group consisted of 43 @entity1 who underwent percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty or percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty plus fixation. The Control Group consisted of 39 healthy subjects. Spinal @entity19 was used for the assessment of the curvatures and the mobility of the spine. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale and @entity717 Index. The measurements were recorded at 15 days and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Regarding the curvatures and mobility in sagittal plane, a statistically significant increase appeared early at 3 months, for lumbar curve, spinopelvic angulation, and overall trunk inclination. In the frontal plane, most of the improvements were recorded after 6 months. @entity1 with @entity3604 showed statistically significant lower mean value than @entity1 with @entity174 . @entity158 and disability index showed early improvements. This study provides a comprehensive and complete picture of the functionality of the spine in @entity1 treated with percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty.

title: Sagittal and Frontal Plane Evaluation of the Whole Spine and Clinical Outcomes after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures', 'traumatic fracture']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Vertebral Fractures']


abstract: Pulmonary responses to intravenous @entity4443 C4, D4 and E4 administered as a bolus injection and by continuous infusion were studied in anesthetized @entity840 . LTD4, LTC4 and LTE4 (respective ED50 of 0.21 +/- .1, 0.64 +/- .2 and 2.0 +/- .1 microgram kg-1) produced dose-dependent increases in insufflation pressure when given as a bolus injection to anesthetized @entity840 (Konzett-R  ssler). Bronchoconstriction was antagonized by @entity1439 (50-200 micrograms kg-1), and @entity3352 (50-200 micrograms kg-1) but was not significantly altered by @entity8765 (1.0 mg kg-1), @entity3858 (0.1 mg kg-1), intal (10 mg kg-1) @entity3543 (5 mg kg-1) or @entity619 (10 mg kg-1). The beta adrenoceptor blocker, @entity6839 (5 micrograms kg-1) produced a significantly greater potentiation of the responses to the @entity4443 than to @entity1426 , @entity112 and @entity934 . Responses to bolus injection of LTE4 but not LTD4 or LTC4 were partially antagonized by @entity3897 (100 micrograms kg-1) and bilateral vagotomy. In experiments of a different design, continuous infusion of LTD4 and LTE4 (2.8-3.2 micrograms kg-1 min-1) into @entity3352 -treated animals produced slowly developing increases in pulmonary resistance and decreases in compliance. The increase in resistance produced by LTE4 and LTD4 was partly reversed by intravenous @entity1439 (1.0 mg kg-1) and @entity3897 (100 micrograms kg-1) but was almost completely reversed by @entity1439 (3 - 10 mg kg-1). These findings indicate that @entity4443 can produce bronchoconstriction in @entity840 through cyclooxygenase-dependent and cyclooxygenase independent mechanisms both of which are blocked by @entity1439 . Cholinergic mechanisms are involved in the mediation of part of the response to bolus injection of LTE4 as well as a small part of the initial response to continuous infusion of LTD4 and LTE4. Intrinsic beta adrenoceptor activation serves to down modulate responses to the @entity4443 to a greater extent than responses to @entity1426 , @entity112 and @entity934 .

title: Comparative study of the pulmonary effects of intravenous XXXX and other bronchoconstrictors in anaesthetized @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['mepyramine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['mepacrine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4443 :: (MESH:D015289,Chemical) :: ['leukotrienes']


abstract: Pulmonary responses to intravenous @entity4443 C4, D4 and E4 administered as a bolus injection and by continuous infusion were studied in anesthetized @entity840 . LTD4, LTC4 and LTE4 (respective ED50 of 0.21 +/- .1, 0.64 +/- .2 and 2.0 +/- .1 microgram kg-1) produced dose-dependent increases in insufflation pressure when given as a bolus injection to anesthetized @entity840 (Konzett-R  ssler). Bronchoconstriction was antagonized by @entity1439 (50-200 micrograms kg-1), and @entity3352 (50-200 micrograms kg-1) but was not significantly altered by @entity8765 (1.0 mg kg-1), @entity3858 (0.1 mg kg-1), intal (10 mg kg-1) @entity3543 (5 mg kg-1) or @entity619 (10 mg kg-1). The beta adrenoceptor blocker, @entity6839 (5 micrograms kg-1) produced a significantly greater potentiation of the responses to the @entity4443 than to @entity1426 , @entity112 and @entity934 . Responses to bolus injection of LTE4 but not LTD4 or LTC4 were partially antagonized by @entity3897 (100 micrograms kg-1) and bilateral vagotomy. In experiments of a different design, continuous infusion of LTD4 and LTE4 (2.8-3.2 micrograms kg-1 min-1) into @entity3352 -treated animals produced slowly developing increases in pulmonary resistance and decreases in compliance. The increase in resistance produced by LTE4 and LTD4 was partly reversed by intravenous @entity1439 (1.0 mg kg-1) and @entity3897 (100 micrograms kg-1) but was almost completely reversed by @entity1439 (3 - 10 mg kg-1). These findings indicate that @entity4443 can produce bronchoconstriction in @entity840 through cyclooxygenase-dependent and cyclooxygenase independent mechanisms both of which are blocked by @entity1439 . Cholinergic mechanisms are involved in the mediation of part of the response to bolus injection of LTE4 as well as a small part of the initial response to continuous infusion of LTD4 and LTE4. Intrinsic beta adrenoceptor activation serves to down modulate responses to the @entity4443 to a greater extent than responses to @entity1426 , @entity112 and @entity934 .

title: Comparative study of the pulmonary effects of intravenous @entity4443 and other bronchoconstrictors in anaesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: Insulin antibodies and T-cell lymphocyte cytotoxic reactivity against insulin and its related peptides were studied longitudinally in 3 groups of @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Group 1 @entity1 were those in whom the diagnosis was made within 1 week of the initiation diagnosis. They were subdivided into those receiving MC porcine (A) or MC @entity291 (B) insulin. Group 2 @entity1 were those with a duration of @entity6 for 2-6 years who were receiving either MC porcine (A) or MC @entity291 (B) insulins. Group 3 subjects were those who had been on conventional recrystallized insulin and then switched to MC porcine (A) or MC @entity291 (B) insulins for 2 weeks before the start of the study. The incidence of cytotoxic reactions and insulin antibodies were approximately 40-50% for group 1 (either 1A or 1B) at the initiation of the study. At 3-month follow up all @entity1 in group 1B developed insulin antibodies (p less than 0.02) and a significant increase in the frequency of cytotoxic reactions (p less than 0.01). By contrast there was a decline in the frequency of cytotoxic reactions in group 1A (p less than 0.01 at 1 year) and the increase in insulin antibodies was non-significant. Group 2B had higher frequency in cytotoxic reactions (p less than 0.005) and of insulin antibodies (p less than 0.05) than group 2A. A significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in cytotoxic reactions was observed at 3 months following the switch of @entity1 from conventional @entity291 insulin preparations to 'A' but not to 'B'. However in both subgroups insulin antibodies persisted for at least 12 months. Cross-reactivity between antibodies to @entity1 , porcine and @entity291 insulins was evident in all groups. The early cellular and humoral immune phenomena were positively correlated in both group 1A and 1B suggesting their common involvement in the pathogenesis of @entity6 .

title: A longitudinal study of insulin antibodies and anti-insulin cytotoxicity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type I diabetes mellitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: 5.12 @entity71530 are of the similar magnitude, but the climate and geographic environment are totally different. Our team carried out medical rescue in both disasters, so we would like to compare the different traumatic conditions of the wounded in two earthquakes. METHODS: The clinical data of the wounded respectively in 5.12 @entity71530 rescued by Chengdu Military General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Then a contrast study between the wounded was conducted in terms of age, sex, @entity130 , traumatic condi- tions, complications and prognosis. RESULTS: Three days after 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, 465 cases of the wounded were hospitalized in Chengdu Military General Hospital, including 245 males (52.7%) and 220 females (47.3%) with the average age of (47.6  22.7) years. Our team carried out humanitarian relief in Katmandu after 4.25 Nepal earthquake. Three days after this disaster, 71 cases were treated in our field hospital, including 37 males (52.1%) and 34 females (47.9%) with the mean age of (44.8  22.9) years. There was no obvious difference in sex and mean age between two groups, but the age distribution was a little different: there were more wounded @entity1 at the age over 60 years in 4.25 Nepal earthquake (p<0.01) while more wounded @entity1 at the age between 21 and 60 years in 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake (p<0.05). The main cause of @entity130 was bruise by heavy drops but 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake had a higher rate of @entity130 and @entity130 (p<0.05) while 4.25 Nepal earthquake had a higher rate of @entity130 (p<0.01). @entity174 was the most common @entity130 . However, compared with 5.12 @entity71530 has a much higher incidence of limb @entity174 (p<0.01), @entity358 (p<0.01) and @entity3147 (p<0.05), but a lower incidence of @entity764 (p<0.05) and @entity1230 (p<0.05). The other complications and @entity204 rate showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: Major earthquakes of the similar magnitude can cause different @entity130 , trau- matic conditions and complications in the wounded under different climate and geographic environ- ment.When an earthquake occurs in a poor traffic area of high altitude and large temperature difference, early medical rescue, injury control and wounded evacuation as well as sufficient warmth retention and food supply are of vital significance.

title: A contrast study of the traumatic condition between the wounded in 5.12 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Limb fracture']

entities_list: @entity71530 :: ('MESH:C565301', 'Disease') :: ['Wenchuan earthquake and 4.25 Nepal earthquake', 'Wenchuan earthquake, 4.25 Nepal earthquake']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injury']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injury']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['falling injury', 'injury mechanisms', 'injury in both disasters', 'bruise injury', 'injury type in both disasters', 'crush injury']

answer: @entity71530 :: (MESH:C565301,Disease) :: ['Wenchuan earthquake and 4.25 Nepal earthquake']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atrial remodelling in @entity120 ( @entity120 ) may lead to higher incidence of @entity943 ( @entity943 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of various methods for treatment of @entity943 in this group. METHODS: This was a single centre study. Forty-eight @entity1 (33 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ) aged 19-77 years (median 49 years) were enrolled. There were 30 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity120 , 10 had @entity120 associated with connective tissue disease, and eight with @entity299 . A retrospective analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence and type of @entity943 , as well as efficiency and safety of treatment methods. Mean follow-up period was 28.8  17.7 months. RESULTS: @entity943 occurred in 17 @entity1 (35%) and appeared to be @entity955 , @entity5069 or @entity591 . @entity943 coexisted with elevated mean right atrial pressure in 75%. Four @entity1 had more than one type of @entity943 . A @entity5069 -like macro-reentrant form of @entity591 dependent on cavo-tricuspid isthmus was found in four cases. The treatment of @entity943 included typical methods: antiarrhythmic drugs, direct current cardioversion (DCC), and radiofrequency (RF) ablation. All of the therapeutic methods were effective in managing acute @entity943 . Three @entity1 required re-ablation. Overall mortality: 14 @entity1 (29%) in the whole study group, including six in @entity943 group (35%) and eight without @entity943 (26%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity120 DCC, pharmacological cardioversion and RF ablation can be applied safely and effectively. Flutter-like macro-reentrant @entity591 dependent on cavo-tricuspid isthmus is observed in this group. It is more challenging, but possible, to successfully treat this @entity943 with RF ablation.

title: The Management of Supraventricular @entity591 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias', 'SVA', 'arrhythmia', 'Supraventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atrial remodelling in @entity120 ( @entity120 ) may lead to higher incidence of @entity943 ( @entity943 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of various methods for treatment of @entity943 in this group. METHODS: This was a single centre study. Forty-eight @entity1 (33 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ) aged 19-77 years (median 49 years) were enrolled. There were 30 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity120 , 10 had @entity120 associated with connective tissue disease, and eight with @entity299 . A retrospective analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence and type of @entity943 , as well as efficiency and safety of treatment methods. Mean follow-up period was 28.8  17.7 months. RESULTS: @entity943 occurred in 17 @entity1 (35%) and appeared to be @entity955 , @entity5069 or @entity591 . @entity943 coexisted with elevated mean right atrial pressure in 75%. Four @entity1 had more than one type of @entity943 . A @entity5069 -like macro-reentrant form of @entity591 dependent on cavo-tricuspid isthmus was found in four cases. The treatment of @entity943 included typical methods: antiarrhythmic drugs, direct current cardioversion (DCC), and radiofrequency (RF) ablation. All of the therapeutic methods were effective in managing acute @entity943 . Three @entity1 required re-ablation. Overall mortality: 14 @entity1 (29%) in the whole study group, including six in @entity943 group (35%) and eight without @entity943 (26%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity120 DCC, pharmacological cardioversion and RF ablation can be applied safely and effectively. Flutter-like macro-reentrant @entity591 dependent on cavo-tricuspid isthmus is observed in this group. It is more challenging, but possible, to successfully treat this @entity943 with RF ablation.

title: The Management of Supraventricular XXXX in @entity1 with @entity120 .

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['Tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atrial remodelling in @entity120 ( @entity120 ) may lead to higher incidence of @entity943 ( @entity943 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of various methods for treatment of @entity943 in this group. METHODS: This was a single centre study. Forty-eight @entity1 (33 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ) aged 19-77 years (median 49 years) were enrolled. There were 30 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity120 , 10 had @entity120 associated with connective tissue disease, and eight with @entity299 . A retrospective analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence and type of @entity943 , as well as efficiency and safety of treatment methods. Mean follow-up period was 28.8  17.7 months. RESULTS: @entity943 occurred in 17 @entity1 (35%) and appeared to be @entity955 , @entity5069 or @entity591 . @entity943 coexisted with elevated mean right atrial pressure in 75%. Four @entity1 had more than one type of @entity943 . A @entity5069 -like macro-reentrant form of @entity591 dependent on cavo-tricuspid isthmus was found in four cases. The treatment of @entity943 included typical methods: antiarrhythmic drugs, direct current cardioversion (DCC), and radiofrequency (RF) ablation. All of the therapeutic methods were effective in managing acute @entity943 . Three @entity1 required re-ablation. Overall mortality: 14 @entity1 (29%) in the whole study group, including six in @entity943 group (35%) and eight without @entity943 (26%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity120 DCC, pharmacological cardioversion and RF ablation can be applied safely and effectively. Flutter-like macro-reentrant @entity591 dependent on cavo-tricuspid isthmus is observed in this group. It is more challenging, but possible, to successfully treat this @entity943 with RF ablation.

title: The Management of Supraventricular @entity591 in XXXX with @entity120 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Peripheral blood low-density cells were sorted, with respect to their ability to accumulate the lysosomotropic agent mepacrine (Mep), into lysosome-rich (Mep+) and lysosome-poor (Mep-) cell populations. Cells of large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology and phenotype were found in the Mep+ but not in the Mep- cell population. The latter cells lacked any natural killer (NK) activity. Cultures of the Mep- cells resulted in the appearance of cells showing K-562 lytic activity, LGL morphology and @entity4071 and/or @entity4755 positivity. This process was facilitated by the supplementation of the culture with recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ). Mep+ cells retested after 7 days of culture showed a decline in the fraction of granular (LGL and Mep+) cells. This decrease was less pronounced but also seen in @entity5041 -supplemented cultures. In spite of the lower number of typical LGL, Mep+ cells cultured with @entity5041 were mostly large but scarcely granular; @entity5041 -activated K-562 killing ( @entity5041 AK) of originally Mep+ cells was much higher than K-562 lytic activity of these cells at the beginning of the culture, and as compared to @entity5041 AK of Mep- cells. From this finding it is apparent that the most active @entity5041 AK cells originate from low-density granular (Mep+) cells (LGL) and, therefore, we propose to call them 'giant' NK cells. Furthermore, in the presence of @entity5041 , LGL differentiate from agranular (Mep-) low-density cells. In view of these data, LGL appear to be resting cells on the differentiation pathway of NK cells.

title: Large granular lymphocytes are central cells in the XXXX -dependent differentiation pathway of natural killer cells.

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is an uncommon @entity5 . Surgical treatment is inevitably mutilating. Considering the strong impact on @entity1 ' sexual life we want to evaluate sexual function and satisfaction after partial penectomy. The @entity1 in this study (n = 25) represented all those who attended our institutions and were diagnosed and treated for @entity5 from October 2011 to November 2013. All @entity1 underwent partial penectomy and followed-up (mean: 14 months; range: 12-25). Sexual presurgical baseline was estimated using the International Index of @entity323 15 (IIEF-15). Sexual outcomes of each @entity1 were estimated considering four standardized and validated questionnaires. We analyzed the means and ranges of IIEF-15 including erectile function (IIEF-1-5 and -15), orgasmic function (IIEF-9 and -10), sexual desire (IIEF-11 and -12), intercourse satisfaction (IIEF-6-8), and overall satisfaction (IIEF-13 and -14). Then, we also used Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ), @entity323 Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) and Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) to evaluate the sexual function and satisfaction of our @entity1 . The final results showed that @entity5 leads to several sexual and @entity458 . Nevertheless, @entity1 who undergo partial penectomy for @entity5 can maintain the sexual outcomes at levels slightly lower to those that existed in the period before surgery.

title: Sexual outcomes after partial penectomy for XXXX : results from a multi-institutional study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['penile cancer', 'Penile cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Erectile Dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychosexual dysfunctions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['penile cancer']


abstract: @entity1956 markers were determined by radioimmunoassay in 383 adults from different areas of Somalia and in 135 pregnant females and 428 @entity1 from Mogadishu. The highest incidence of HBsAg among adults was among nomadic males (20/85; 23%). The frequencies were lower in males from the agricultural and coastal area, i.e. 16/93 (17%) and 14/98 (14%) respectively. The lowest frequency of HBsAg was among @entity1 from the coastal area (6/72; 8%). Among the pregnant @entity1 14 were positive for HBsAg, none of whom had HBeAg. Low levels of positivity for HBsAg were found both among @entity1 under 4 years and among those between 4 and 13 years of age - 3/94 (3%) and 5/128 (4%) respectively. In the age group 15-19 years, 50% showed seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe. 7 out of 41 HBsAg carriers of ages over 20 had HBeAg. Early seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe and a low level of HBsAg positivity in @entity1 indicate that vertical transmission is not important in Somalia. The low frequency of HBsAg in Mogadishu @entity1 may have one of the following explanations: (i) the @entity281 occurs during adolescence, (ii) Mogadishu is a low-prevalence area and the examined adults were not born in Mogadishu, or (iii) a change in @entity1956 has taken place in the area during the last 2 decades and the relatively higher prevalence of HBsAg in adults might reflect higher rates of @entity281 in their childhood.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in Somalia: inference from a cross-sectional survey of serological markers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis B', 'hepatitis B epidemiology']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose. @entity834 leakage accounts for up to 1/3 of all fatalities after @entity5 surgery. Evidence suggests that @entity834 has a negative prognostic impact on @entity5 recurrence and long-term @entity5 specific survival. The reported leakage rate in 2011 in Denmark varied from 7 to 45 percent. The objective was to clarify if the reporting of @entity834 to the Danish @entity14 Group was rigorous and unequivocal. Methods. An Internet-based questionnaire was e-mailed to all Danish surgical departments, who reported to Danish @entity14 Group (DCCG) in 2011. There were 23 questions. Four core questions were whether pelvic collection, fecal appearance in a pelvic drain, @entity3622 , and "watchfull" waiting @entity1 were reported as @entity834 . Results. Fourteen out of 17 departments, who in 2011 according to DDCG performed @entity5 surgery, answered the questionnaire. This gave a response rate of 82%. In three of four core questions there was disagreement in what should be reported as @entity834 . Conclusion. The reporting of @entity834 to the Danish @entity14 Group was not rigorous and unequivocal. The reported @entity834 rate in Danish @entity14 Group should be interpreted with caution.

title: Leakage after Surgery for Rectum @entity5 : Inconsistency in Reporting to the Danish XXXX Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local cancer', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose. @entity834 leakage accounts for up to 1/3 of all fatalities after @entity5 surgery. Evidence suggests that @entity834 has a negative prognostic impact on @entity5 recurrence and long-term @entity5 specific survival. The reported leakage rate in 2011 in Denmark varied from 7 to 45 percent. The objective was to clarify if the reporting of @entity834 to the Danish @entity14 Group was rigorous and unequivocal. Methods. An Internet-based questionnaire was e-mailed to all Danish surgical departments, who reported to Danish @entity14 Group (DCCG) in 2011. There were 23 questions. Four core questions were whether pelvic collection, fecal appearance in a pelvic drain, @entity3622 , and "watchfull" waiting @entity1 were reported as @entity834 . Results. Fourteen out of 17 departments, who in 2011 according to DDCG performed @entity5 surgery, answered the questionnaire. This gave a response rate of 82%. In three of four core questions there was disagreement in what should be reported as @entity834 . Conclusion. The reporting of @entity834 to the Danish @entity14 Group was not rigorous and unequivocal. The reported @entity834 rate in Danish @entity14 Group should be interpreted with caution.

title: Leakage after Surgery for Rectum XXXX : Inconsistency in Reporting to the Danish @entity14 Group.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: The axonal microtubule stabilizing protein tau is hyperphosphorylated in several neurodegenerative conditions, including @entity195 , yet the genes that regulate tau phosphorylation are largely unknown. @entity47141 ( @entity47141 ) is a cytoplasmic adapter protein that interacts with @entity6970 ( @entity6970 ) receptors and controls neuronal positioning during embryonic brain development. We have investigated the role of @entity47141 in tau phosphorylation. We found that wild-type @entity47141 , but not a mutant lacking @entity669 phosphorylation sites, protects @entity19 from the hyperphosphorylation of tau. However, the absence of @entity47141 is not sufficient to cause @entity3072 , because hyperphosphorylation is manifested only when @entity47141 is mutated in specific @entity19 backgrounds. Tau hyperphosphorylation correlates with @entity204 in susceptible @entity19 strains, and it occurs in the neurons of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. By quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of @entity47141 -deficient @entity19 on a hybrid strain background, we uncovered one significant and three suggestive chromosomal loci that modulate tau phosphorylation. Two of these QTL regions contain genes that are defective in early onset @entity195 . Our findings suggest that @entity47141 gene disruption sensitizes @entity19 to @entity3072 contingent on specific haplotypes that are linked to @entity195 loci. @entity47141 mutant @entity19 provide an animal model for studying the relationships between @entity6970 receptors, @entity3072 , and @entity195 .

title: Genetic modulation of tau phosphorylation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['tau hyperphosphorylation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In this study we investigated whether @entity4727 ( @entity4727 ) can produce relaxation of gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle as it has been reported to do for vascular and uterine smooth muscle. Muscle tissue preparations from @entity35 stomach, duodenum, ileum, or colon were mounted in a 37 degrees C tissue bath and perfused with oxygenated medium. Changes in isometric @entity2701 were recorded with a force-displacement transducer connected to a polygraph. Decreases in either resting @entity2701 or agonist-induced @entity2701 (0.5-1.0 microM @entity934 or @entity5402 ) were observed within 1-2 min of @entity4727 addition and were reversible upon removal of the peptide. All GI regions tested were responsive to @entity4727 . Synthetic rPTH-(1-34) (0.1-100 nM) produced a dose-dependent relaxation of both fundic (ED50 = 5.2 nM) and colonic (ED50 = 2.5 nM) muscle strips. At 100 nM, a 90% decrease in fundic @entity2701 and a 70% decrease in colonic @entity2701 were seen. At 100 nM, bPTH-(1-34), but not bPTH-(7-34) or @entity35 calcitonin gene-related peptide, also was effective in relaxing fundic or colonic muscle. Similarly, in the fundic muscle, 500 nM bPTH-(3-34) alone was ineffective, but it inhibited the effect of 5 nM rPTH-(1-34) when both peptides were tested in combination. Likewise, 100 nM bPTH-(3-34) also inhibited the relaxation induced by 5, 10, or 100 nM bPTH-(1-34). The results show @entity4727 to be highly effective in nanomolar concentrations in causing relaxation of GI smooth muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relaxation of @entity35 gastrointestinal smooth muscle by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4727 :: (24694(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: In this study we investigated whether @entity4727 ( @entity4727 ) can produce relaxation of gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle as it has been reported to do for vascular and uterine smooth muscle. Muscle tissue preparations from @entity35 stomach, duodenum, ileum, or colon were mounted in a 37 degrees C tissue bath and perfused with oxygenated medium. Changes in isometric @entity2701 were recorded with a force-displacement transducer connected to a polygraph. Decreases in either resting @entity2701 or agonist-induced @entity2701 (0.5-1.0 microM @entity934 or @entity5402 ) were observed within 1-2 min of @entity4727 addition and were reversible upon removal of the peptide. All GI regions tested were responsive to @entity4727 . Synthetic rPTH-(1-34) (0.1-100 nM) produced a dose-dependent relaxation of both fundic (ED50 = 5.2 nM) and colonic (ED50 = 2.5 nM) muscle strips. At 100 nM, a 90% decrease in fundic @entity2701 and a 70% decrease in colonic @entity2701 were seen. At 100 nM, bPTH-(1-34), but not bPTH-(7-34) or @entity35 calcitonin gene-related peptide, also was effective in relaxing fundic or colonic muscle. Similarly, in the fundic muscle, 500 nM bPTH-(3-34) alone was ineffective, but it inhibited the effect of 5 nM rPTH-(1-34) when both peptides were tested in combination. Likewise, 100 nM bPTH-(3-34) also inhibited the relaxation induced by 5, 10, or 100 nM bPTH-(1-34). The results show @entity4727 to be highly effective in nanomolar concentrations in causing relaxation of GI smooth muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relaxation of XXXX gastrointestinal smooth muscle by @entity4727 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze quality of life, functional outcome, and hidden costs by primary treatment with surgery or radiation therapy in @entity1 with early glottic @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study in a tertiary care facility. METHODS: A group of 101 @entity1 with @entity189 in situ and T1 @entity957 treated primarily with either surgery or radiation, between January 1990 and December 2000, were identified from searching our @entity5 registry. @entity1 completed two previously validated questionnaires and one local questionnaire. Statistical significance was assessed with the rank sum test, chi2 test, or Fisher's Exact test. RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed in 59% (44 of 74) of the surgical cohort and 41% (11 of 27) of the radiation therapy cohort. The primary surgical treatments were endoscopic excision (86%), hemilaryngectomy (12%), and total laryngectomy (1%). @entity1 -reported problems with swallowing, chewing, speech, taste, saliva, @entity158 , activity, recreation, and appearance showed no difference between the endoscopic excision or radiation therapy cohorts. Comparing endoscopic excision versus radiation therapy, respectively, median number of treatments (2 vs. 35), total median travel distance (150 vs. 660 miles), total median travel time (180 vs. 1440 min), and total median number of hours of work missed (76 vs. 24) all differed significantly (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: Almost all @entity1 with early glottic @entity5 , whether treated with surgery or radiation therapy, reported excellent quality of life outcomes and functional results. In addition to actual costs, the hidden costs for radiation therapy versus endoscopic excision were all greater in terms of total number of hours of work missed, total travel time, and total travel distance.

title: Quality of life, functional outcome, and costs of early glottic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['invasive squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Nasal @entity1127 are benign mucosal protrusions into the nasal cavity of multifactorial origin and are characterized by chronic @entity32 . The suggested multifactorial pathological mechanisms comprise several factors including cytokines and @entity9416 ( @entity9416 ). The study was designed to examine the suggested roles of @entity9416 , @entity225 ( @entity225 ), and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) in the pathogenesis of @entity1412 . METHODS: Nasal @entity1127 (n = 34) and healthy nasal mucosa samples (n = 9) were taken during routine endonasal surgeries. @entity9416 (n = 13), @entity225 (n = 22), and @entity2533 (n = 27) concentrations were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique in homogenized polyp tissue and in control mucosa. Atopic and nonatopic groups were selected and compared. Histomorphological examination and immunohistochemical analysis to detect @entity225 and @entity2533 were performed in five specimens. RESULTS: The level of tissue-bound @entity9416 was significantly higher in @entity1127 compared with control specimens and in @entity1097 compared with nonatopic @entity1127 , but between nonatopic @entity1127 and control specimens the difference was not significant. However, significant correlation was found between tissue and serum @entity9416 in the complete polyp (P =.001) and @entity1127 group (P =.05). Tissue @entity225 concentration was significantly higher in @entity1127 compared with control specimens, in which it was below the limit (15 pg/mL), and there was no difference between @entity1097 and nonatopic @entity1127 . In @entity1127 there was significant correlation between tissue @entity9416 and @entity225 . @entity2533 concentration proved to be significantly higher in control mucosa than in @entity1127 , with no difference between @entity1097 and nonatopic @entity1127 . Immunohistochemical analysis revealed numerous @entity225 -positive eosinophil cells and @entity2533 positivity in the lamina propria of polyp samples, but none in control specimens. CONCLUSIONS: High tissue @entity2533 quantity in healthy nasal mucosa without its active form on the cell surface and its low quantity in @entity1127 may reflect its essential role in the inhibitory mechanisms of @entity1412 . @entity225 plays a key role in the eosinophil recruitment and activation, and both @entity1097 and nonatopic pathways might activate this process. The main sources of @entity225 and @entity2533 are the eosinophils and macrophages. Immediate @entity56 , besides other mechanisms, might be related to @entity1127 , but the involvement of other, local allergic mechanisms in @entity9416 production of nonatopic polyp tissue cannot be excluded.

title: The pathogenesis of XXXX by @entity9416 and @entity225 is completed by @entity2533 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'atopic polyps']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'Transforming growth factor-beta1', 'transforming growth factor-beta1']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity9416 :: ('3497', 'Gene') :: ['Immunoglobulin E', 'immunoglobulin E', 'IgE']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['nasal polyposis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Nasal @entity1127 are benign mucosal protrusions into the nasal cavity of multifactorial origin and are characterized by chronic @entity32 . The suggested multifactorial pathological mechanisms comprise several factors including cytokines and @entity9416 ( @entity9416 ). The study was designed to examine the suggested roles of @entity9416 , @entity225 ( @entity225 ), and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) in the pathogenesis of @entity1412 . METHODS: Nasal @entity1127 (n = 34) and healthy nasal mucosa samples (n = 9) were taken during routine endonasal surgeries. @entity9416 (n = 13), @entity225 (n = 22), and @entity2533 (n = 27) concentrations were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique in homogenized polyp tissue and in control mucosa. Atopic and nonatopic groups were selected and compared. Histomorphological examination and immunohistochemical analysis to detect @entity225 and @entity2533 were performed in five specimens. RESULTS: The level of tissue-bound @entity9416 was significantly higher in @entity1127 compared with control specimens and in @entity1097 compared with nonatopic @entity1127 , but between nonatopic @entity1127 and control specimens the difference was not significant. However, significant correlation was found between tissue and serum @entity9416 in the complete polyp (P =.001) and @entity1127 group (P =.05). Tissue @entity225 concentration was significantly higher in @entity1127 compared with control specimens, in which it was below the limit (15 pg/mL), and there was no difference between @entity1097 and nonatopic @entity1127 . In @entity1127 there was significant correlation between tissue @entity9416 and @entity225 . @entity2533 concentration proved to be significantly higher in control mucosa than in @entity1127 , with no difference between @entity1097 and nonatopic @entity1127 . Immunohistochemical analysis revealed numerous @entity225 -positive eosinophil cells and @entity2533 positivity in the lamina propria of polyp samples, but none in control specimens. CONCLUSIONS: High tissue @entity2533 quantity in healthy nasal mucosa without its active form on the cell surface and its low quantity in @entity1127 may reflect its essential role in the inhibitory mechanisms of @entity1412 . @entity225 plays a key role in the eosinophil recruitment and activation, and both @entity1097 and nonatopic pathways might activate this process. The main sources of @entity225 and @entity2533 are the eosinophils and macrophages. Immediate @entity56 , besides other mechanisms, might be related to @entity1127 , but the involvement of other, local allergic mechanisms in @entity9416 production of nonatopic polyp tissue cannot be excluded.

title: The pathogenesis of @entity1412 by @entity9416 and XXXX is completed by @entity2533 .

answer: @entity225 :: (3567,Gene) :: ['interleukin-5']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Nasal @entity1127 are benign mucosal protrusions into the nasal cavity of multifactorial origin and are characterized by chronic @entity32 . The suggested multifactorial pathological mechanisms comprise several factors including cytokines and @entity9416 ( @entity9416 ). The study was designed to examine the suggested roles of @entity9416 , @entity225 ( @entity225 ), and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) in the pathogenesis of @entity1412 . METHODS: Nasal @entity1127 (n = 34) and healthy nasal mucosa samples (n = 9) were taken during routine endonasal surgeries. @entity9416 (n = 13), @entity225 (n = 22), and @entity2533 (n = 27) concentrations were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique in homogenized polyp tissue and in control mucosa. Atopic and nonatopic groups were selected and compared. Histomorphological examination and immunohistochemical analysis to detect @entity225 and @entity2533 were performed in five specimens. RESULTS: The level of tissue-bound @entity9416 was significantly higher in @entity1127 compared with control specimens and in @entity1097 compared with nonatopic @entity1127 , but between nonatopic @entity1127 and control specimens the difference was not significant. However, significant correlation was found between tissue and serum @entity9416 in the complete polyp (P =.001) and @entity1127 group (P =.05). Tissue @entity225 concentration was significantly higher in @entity1127 compared with control specimens, in which it was below the limit (15 pg/mL), and there was no difference between @entity1097 and nonatopic @entity1127 . In @entity1127 there was significant correlation between tissue @entity9416 and @entity225 . @entity2533 concentration proved to be significantly higher in control mucosa than in @entity1127 , with no difference between @entity1097 and nonatopic @entity1127 . Immunohistochemical analysis revealed numerous @entity225 -positive eosinophil cells and @entity2533 positivity in the lamina propria of polyp samples, but none in control specimens. CONCLUSIONS: High tissue @entity2533 quantity in healthy nasal mucosa without its active form on the cell surface and its low quantity in @entity1127 may reflect its essential role in the inhibitory mechanisms of @entity1412 . @entity225 plays a key role in the eosinophil recruitment and activation, and both @entity1097 and nonatopic pathways might activate this process. The main sources of @entity225 and @entity2533 are the eosinophils and macrophages. Immediate @entity56 , besides other mechanisms, might be related to @entity1127 , but the involvement of other, local allergic mechanisms in @entity9416 production of nonatopic polyp tissue cannot be excluded.

title: The pathogenesis of @entity1412 by XXXX and @entity225 is completed by @entity2533 .

answer: @entity9416 :: (3497,Gene) :: ['immunoglobulin E']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Nasal @entity1127 are benign mucosal protrusions into the nasal cavity of multifactorial origin and are characterized by chronic @entity32 . The suggested multifactorial pathological mechanisms comprise several factors including cytokines and @entity9416 ( @entity9416 ). The study was designed to examine the suggested roles of @entity9416 , @entity225 ( @entity225 ), and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) in the pathogenesis of @entity1412 . METHODS: Nasal @entity1127 (n = 34) and healthy nasal mucosa samples (n = 9) were taken during routine endonasal surgeries. @entity9416 (n = 13), @entity225 (n = 22), and @entity2533 (n = 27) concentrations were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique in homogenized polyp tissue and in control mucosa. Atopic and nonatopic groups were selected and compared. Histomorphological examination and immunohistochemical analysis to detect @entity225 and @entity2533 were performed in five specimens. RESULTS: The level of tissue-bound @entity9416 was significantly higher in @entity1127 compared with control specimens and in @entity1097 compared with nonatopic @entity1127 , but between nonatopic @entity1127 and control specimens the difference was not significant. However, significant correlation was found between tissue and serum @entity9416 in the complete polyp (P =.001) and @entity1127 group (P =.05). Tissue @entity225 concentration was significantly higher in @entity1127 compared with control specimens, in which it was below the limit (15 pg/mL), and there was no difference between @entity1097 and nonatopic @entity1127 . In @entity1127 there was significant correlation between tissue @entity9416 and @entity225 . @entity2533 concentration proved to be significantly higher in control mucosa than in @entity1127 , with no difference between @entity1097 and nonatopic @entity1127 . Immunohistochemical analysis revealed numerous @entity225 -positive eosinophil cells and @entity2533 positivity in the lamina propria of polyp samples, but none in control specimens. CONCLUSIONS: High tissue @entity2533 quantity in healthy nasal mucosa without its active form on the cell surface and its low quantity in @entity1127 may reflect its essential role in the inhibitory mechanisms of @entity1412 . @entity225 plays a key role in the eosinophil recruitment and activation, and both @entity1097 and nonatopic pathways might activate this process. The main sources of @entity225 and @entity2533 are the eosinophils and macrophages. Immediate @entity56 , besides other mechanisms, might be related to @entity1127 , but the involvement of other, local allergic mechanisms in @entity9416 production of nonatopic polyp tissue cannot be excluded.

title: The pathogenesis of @entity1412 by @entity9416 and @entity225 is completed by XXXX .

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background Currently there are no guidelines regarding optimal screening for @entity9178 during pregnancy. Objective This study measures completion rates and the concordance between the TSPOT. @entity1906 , a commercially available interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), and the traditional @entity272 ( @entity272 ) in a predominantly urban minority obstetrics practice. Design This is an observational cohort study of 141 pregnant @entity1 enrolled from an obstetrics practice with a large immigrant population. @entity1 with a history of a positive @entity272 result were excluded. Demographic and clinical risk factors for @entity378 were assessed. Enrolled @entity1 underwent a T-SPOT. @entity1906 test and placement of @entity272 , and returned in 48-72  h for @entity272 interpretation. We calculated the completion rate and frequency of a positive result for each test, as well as the concordance between the T-SPOT. @entity1906 and @entity272 . Results Among the 141 @entity1 enrolled, 75  % were either Latina or African-American, 44  % were born in a country with a high @entity1906 prevalence, and 52  % had received the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine. Seven @entity1 (5  %) had a positive screening test, a total of 3 positive T-SPOT. @entity1906 results and 6 positive @entity272 results, and all were from countries with a high @entity1906 prevalence. The concordance of the two tests was 96.3  %. The completion rate for the T-SPOT. @entity1906 was 98  %, while the completion rate for the @entity272 was 63  %. CONCLUSION: The IGRA test had a markedly higher completion rate in addition to maintaining high concordance with the two-step @entity272 in this population of pregnant @entity1 with a high prevalence of prior @entity1906 exposure. Targeted screening of @entity1 from countries with a high prevalence of @entity378 may be warranted during prenatal care.

title: Comparing an Interferon Gamma Release Assay with the Tuberculin Skin Test During Pregnancy: Implications for XXXX Screening During Prenatal Care.

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculin skin test', 'TST']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: This paper reports, for the first time, on the analysis of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) and @entity3094 ( @entity3451 ) concentrations in the blood and brains of @entity36739 -knockout ( @entity36739 -KO) and C57B6/6J ( @entity7097 ) @entity19 . Animals were administrated @entity167 (1.0, 2.0 or 4.0  g/kg) or @entity7084 ( @entity30166 , 82  mg/kg) plus @entity3451 (50, 100 or 200  mg/kg) intraperitoneally. During the blood tests, samples from the orbital sinus of the eye were collected. During the brain tests, dialysates were collected every 5  min (equal to a 15    l sample) from the striatum using in vivo brain microdialysis. Samples were collected at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60  min intervals post- @entity167 and - @entity3451 injection, and then analyzed by head-space GC. In the @entity167 groups, high @entity3451 levels were found in the blood and brains of @entity36739 -KO @entity19 , while only small traces of @entity3451 were seen in the blood and brains of @entity7097 @entity19 . No significant differences in @entity167 levels were observed between the @entity7097 and the @entity36739 -KO @entity19 for either the @entity167 dose. @entity167 concentrations in the brain were comparable to the @entity167 concentrations in the blood, but the @entity3451 concentrations in the brain were four to five times lower compared to the @entity3451 concentrations in the blood. In the @entity3451 groups, high @entity3451 levels were found in both @entity7097 and @entity36739 -KO @entity19 . Levels reached a sharp peak at 5  min and then quickly declined for 60  min. Brain @entity3451 concentrations were almost equal to the concentrations found in the blood, where the @entity3451 concentrations were approximately two times higher in the @entity36739 -KO @entity19 than in the @entity7097 @entity19 , both in the blood and the brain. Our results suggest that systemic @entity167 and @entity3451 administration can cause a greater increase in @entity3451 accumulation in the blood and brains of @entity36739 -KO @entity19 , where @entity167 concentrations in the @entity36739 -KO @entity19 were comparable to the @entity167 concentrations in the @entity7097 @entity19 . Furthermore, detection of @entity167 and @entity3451 in the blood and brain was found to be dose-dependent in both genotypes.

title: XXXX and @entity3094 After Intraperitoneal Administration to @entity36739 -Knockout @entity19 -Reflection in Blood and Brain Levels.

entities_list: @entity7084 :: ('MESH:C010238', 'Chemical') :: ['4-methylpyrazole']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['Ethanol']


abstract: This paper reports, for the first time, on the analysis of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) and @entity3094 ( @entity3451 ) concentrations in the blood and brains of @entity36739 -knockout ( @entity36739 -KO) and C57B6/6J ( @entity7097 ) @entity19 . Animals were administrated @entity167 (1.0, 2.0 or 4.0  g/kg) or @entity7084 ( @entity30166 , 82  mg/kg) plus @entity3451 (50, 100 or 200  mg/kg) intraperitoneally. During the blood tests, samples from the orbital sinus of the eye were collected. During the brain tests, dialysates were collected every 5  min (equal to a 15    l sample) from the striatum using in vivo brain microdialysis. Samples were collected at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60  min intervals post- @entity167 and - @entity3451 injection, and then analyzed by head-space GC. In the @entity167 groups, high @entity3451 levels were found in the blood and brains of @entity36739 -KO @entity19 , while only small traces of @entity3451 were seen in the blood and brains of @entity7097 @entity19 . No significant differences in @entity167 levels were observed between the @entity7097 and the @entity36739 -KO @entity19 for either the @entity167 dose. @entity167 concentrations in the brain were comparable to the @entity167 concentrations in the blood, but the @entity3451 concentrations in the brain were four to five times lower compared to the @entity3451 concentrations in the blood. In the @entity3451 groups, high @entity3451 levels were found in both @entity7097 and @entity36739 -KO @entity19 . Levels reached a sharp peak at 5  min and then quickly declined for 60  min. Brain @entity3451 concentrations were almost equal to the concentrations found in the blood, where the @entity3451 concentrations were approximately two times higher in the @entity36739 -KO @entity19 than in the @entity7097 @entity19 , both in the blood and the brain. Our results suggest that systemic @entity167 and @entity3451 administration can cause a greater increase in @entity3451 accumulation in the blood and brains of @entity36739 -KO @entity19 , where @entity167 concentrations in the @entity36739 -KO @entity19 were comparable to the @entity167 concentrations in the @entity7097 @entity19 . Furthermore, detection of @entity167 and @entity3451 in the blood and brain was found to be dose-dependent in both genotypes.

title: @entity1068 and XXXX After Intraperitoneal Administration to @entity36739 -Knockout @entity19 -Reflection in Blood and Brain Levels.

answer: @entity3094 :: (MESH:D000079,Chemical) :: ['Acetaldehyde']


abstract: This paper reports, for the first time, on the analysis of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) and @entity3094 ( @entity3451 ) concentrations in the blood and brains of @entity36739 -knockout ( @entity36739 -KO) and C57B6/6J ( @entity7097 ) @entity19 . Animals were administrated @entity167 (1.0, 2.0 or 4.0  g/kg) or @entity7084 ( @entity30166 , 82  mg/kg) plus @entity3451 (50, 100 or 200  mg/kg) intraperitoneally. During the blood tests, samples from the orbital sinus of the eye were collected. During the brain tests, dialysates were collected every 5  min (equal to a 15    l sample) from the striatum using in vivo brain microdialysis. Samples were collected at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60  min intervals post- @entity167 and - @entity3451 injection, and then analyzed by head-space GC. In the @entity167 groups, high @entity3451 levels were found in the blood and brains of @entity36739 -KO @entity19 , while only small traces of @entity3451 were seen in the blood and brains of @entity7097 @entity19 . No significant differences in @entity167 levels were observed between the @entity7097 and the @entity36739 -KO @entity19 for either the @entity167 dose. @entity167 concentrations in the brain were comparable to the @entity167 concentrations in the blood, but the @entity3451 concentrations in the brain were four to five times lower compared to the @entity3451 concentrations in the blood. In the @entity3451 groups, high @entity3451 levels were found in both @entity7097 and @entity36739 -KO @entity19 . Levels reached a sharp peak at 5  min and then quickly declined for 60  min. Brain @entity3451 concentrations were almost equal to the concentrations found in the blood, where the @entity3451 concentrations were approximately two times higher in the @entity36739 -KO @entity19 than in the @entity7097 @entity19 , both in the blood and the brain. Our results suggest that systemic @entity167 and @entity3451 administration can cause a greater increase in @entity3451 accumulation in the blood and brains of @entity36739 -KO @entity19 , where @entity167 concentrations in the @entity36739 -KO @entity19 were comparable to the @entity167 concentrations in the @entity7097 @entity19 . Furthermore, detection of @entity167 and @entity3451 in the blood and brain was found to be dose-dependent in both genotypes.

title: @entity1068 and @entity3094 After Intraperitoneal Administration to XXXX -Knockout @entity19 -Reflection in Blood and Brain Levels.

answer: @entity36739 :: (11669(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Aldh2']


abstract: This paper reports, for the first time, on the analysis of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) and @entity3094 ( @entity3451 ) concentrations in the blood and brains of @entity36739 -knockout ( @entity36739 -KO) and C57B6/6J ( @entity7097 ) @entity19 . Animals were administrated @entity167 (1.0, 2.0 or 4.0  g/kg) or @entity7084 ( @entity30166 , 82  mg/kg) plus @entity3451 (50, 100 or 200  mg/kg) intraperitoneally. During the blood tests, samples from the orbital sinus of the eye were collected. During the brain tests, dialysates were collected every 5  min (equal to a 15    l sample) from the striatum using in vivo brain microdialysis. Samples were collected at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60  min intervals post- @entity167 and - @entity3451 injection, and then analyzed by head-space GC. In the @entity167 groups, high @entity3451 levels were found in the blood and brains of @entity36739 -KO @entity19 , while only small traces of @entity3451 were seen in the blood and brains of @entity7097 @entity19 . No significant differences in @entity167 levels were observed between the @entity7097 and the @entity36739 -KO @entity19 for either the @entity167 dose. @entity167 concentrations in the brain were comparable to the @entity167 concentrations in the blood, but the @entity3451 concentrations in the brain were four to five times lower compared to the @entity3451 concentrations in the blood. In the @entity3451 groups, high @entity3451 levels were found in both @entity7097 and @entity36739 -KO @entity19 . Levels reached a sharp peak at 5  min and then quickly declined for 60  min. Brain @entity3451 concentrations were almost equal to the concentrations found in the blood, where the @entity3451 concentrations were approximately two times higher in the @entity36739 -KO @entity19 than in the @entity7097 @entity19 , both in the blood and the brain. Our results suggest that systemic @entity167 and @entity3451 administration can cause a greater increase in @entity3451 accumulation in the blood and brains of @entity36739 -KO @entity19 , where @entity167 concentrations in the @entity36739 -KO @entity19 were comparable to the @entity167 concentrations in the @entity7097 @entity19 . Furthermore, detection of @entity167 and @entity3451 in the blood and brain was found to be dose-dependent in both genotypes.

title: @entity1068 and @entity3094 After Intraperitoneal Administration to @entity36739 -Knockout XXXX -Reflection in Blood and Brain Levels.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity320 remains poor. In @entity1 with distant metastases only low response rates between 10% and 15% have been achieved by the most effective cytostatics in single-agent therapy leading to a mean 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. More aggressive treatment regimens using multidrug chemotherapy yielded response rates of up to 40% but failed to show a significant benefit in overall survival compared to single-agent therapy. However, complete remissions of @entity3 after multidrug cytostatic regimens have been reported in some cases of @entity320 @entity1 . To evaluate an in vitro test system providing information on the drug sensitivity profile of @entity320 cells, we examined @entity5 tissue specimens from 31 @entity320 @entity1 with an @entity855 -based chemosensitivity assay ( @entity855 - @entity2974 ) testing eight anticancer drugs alone or in different combinations. Chemosensitivity was assessed using a @entity10051 -luciferase- based luminescence assay providing individual chemosensitivity indices for each test drug. We found a heterogeneous chemosensitivity in the @entity320 tissue samples tested. The highest sensitivity was detected for the combination of @entity21193 and @entity136 , with 76% of the tissue samples revealing high sensitivity and 10% resistance, followed by the combination of @entity1311 and @entity23974 (66%/0%), @entity136 and @entity900 (55%/21%),and @entity1311 and @entity900 (46%/8%). Our data indicate that the @entity855 - @entity2974 can be used to select @entity1 who might benefit from an individually adapted cytostatic therapy. On the basis of these results a multicenter trial has recently been initiated to evaluate the feasibility and predictive value of an @entity855 - @entity2974 directed chemotherapy in @entity320 @entity1 .

title: Chemosensitivity testing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23974 :: ('CHEBI:28748', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicine']

entities_list: @entity21193 :: ('MESH:C018404', 'Chemical') :: ['treosulfan']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity10051 :: ('CHEBI:25078', 'Chemical') :: ['luciferin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity238 olfactory system exhibits very precise and stereotyped wiring that is specified predominantly by genetic programming. Dendrites of olfactory projection neurons (PNs) pattern the developing antennal lobe before olfactory receptor neuron axon arrival, indicating an intrinsic wiring mechanism for @entity6841 dendrites. These wiring decisions are likely determined through a transcriptional program. RESULTS: We find that loss of @entity23424 associated protein 55 kD (Bap55) results in a highly specific @entity6841 mistargeting phenotype. In Bap55 mutants, PNs that normally target to the @entity15974 glomerulus mistarget to the @entity72417 l glomerulus with 100% penetrance. Loss of Bap55 also causes derepression of a @entity21120 whose expression is normally restricted to a small subset of PNs. Bap55 is a member of both the @entity23424 ( @entity23424 ) and the @entity24377 ( @entity24377 ) @entity855 -dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. The Bap55 mutant phenotype is partially recapitulated by Domino and Enhancer of Polycomb mutants, members of the @entity24377 complex. However, distinct phenotypes are seen in @entity23424 and Snf5-related 1 mutants, members of the @entity23424 complex. The Bap55 mutant phenotype can be rescued by postmitotic expression of Bap55, or its @entity1 homologs @entity72418 and @entity72419 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that Bap55 functions through the @entity24377 chromatin remodeling complex to regulate dendrite wiring specificity in PNs. The specificity of the mutant phenotypes suggests a position for the @entity24377 complex at the top of a regulatory hierarchy that orchestrates dendrite targeting decisions.

title: The chromatin remodeling factor Bap55 functions through the XXXX complex to regulate olfactory projection neuron dendrite targeting.

entities_list: @entity24377 :: ('10524', 'Gene') :: ['Tat interactive protein 60 kD', 'TIP60']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity24377 :: (10524,Gene) :: ['TIP60']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1821 is the single most common soft tissue @entity242 in the retroperitoneum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 with primary @entity27418 treated between June 1990 and June 2005 were conducted to evaluate the clinical results of resection for @entity27418 ( @entity27418 ) and the prognostic factors for disease recurrence and @entity1 survival in an Asian population. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 operated on for curative intent (12 Males, 9 Females; mean age: 52.4 years) were evaluated. Of these, 13 presented with @entity5 that were well differentiated (61.9%), 4 (19.0%) with myxoid/round cell, 3 (14.3%) with dedifferentiated and 1(4.8%) with pleomorphic morphology. The median @entity5 burden was 36 cm (9-83). Median follow-up time was 62 months. There was no peri-operative mortality and morbidity occurred in 6(28.6%) @entity1 . Surgical margins were involved in 10(47.6%) @entity1 . Resection of contiguous organs was required in 15(71.4%) to achieve gross surgical margins. Eleven out of the 21(52%) of the @entity1 had recurrence of the @entity5 . Median disease-free survival was 19 months and the overall 3- and 5-year survival rate was 87% and 49% respectively. CONCLUSION: An aggressive surgical approach in both primary and recurrent @entity27418 in our institution is associated with 3- and 5-year survival rate of 87% and 49% respectively. Contiguous organ resection is often required to achieve local control.

title: XXXX : the experience of a tertiary Asian center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity27418 :: ('MESH:C538370', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal liposarcomas', 'retroperitoneal liposarcoma', 'RPLS']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['Liposarcoma']

answer: @entity27418 :: (MESH:C538370,Disease) :: ['Retroperitoneal liposarcomas']


abstract: @entity17090 is a ligand and chemotactic factor for @entity404 + T cells. @entity17090 inhibits the CD3 mediated lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The effects of @entity17090 on the target cells are dependent on the cell type, the presence of co-activators etc. To understand the regulation function and mechanism of @entity17090 on target cells, we used a 130 a.a. recombinant @entity17090 to study its effects on the growth of @entity1619 cells in vitro. We found that the @entity66314 stimulated the proliferation of Jurkat cells at low dose (10(-9)M), but inhibited the growth of the cells at higher concentration (10(-5)M). Results showed that 10(-5) M of @entity66314 treatment induced an enhanced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. The treatment blocked the expression of @entity12 , but up-regulated the @entity517 and @entity5353 expression in the cells. Pre-treatment of @entity6164 inhibitor or @entity12363 inhibitor markedly increased or decreased the @entity66314 induced growth-inhibiting effects on Jurkat cells, respectively. The results suggested that the @entity66314 might be a regulator for the growth or apoptosis of Jurkat cells at a dose-dependent manner. The growth-inhibiting effects of @entity66314 might be Fas/ @entity12 independent, but, associated with the activation of @entity6164 , up-regulated expression of @entity517 and @entity5353 , and the participation of the ERK signal pathway in Jurkat cells.

title: The associated regulators and signal pathway in XXXX / @entity404 mediated growth regulation in Jurkat cells.

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Jurkat T leukemia']

answer: @entity66314 :: (116996(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['rIL-16']


abstract: @entity17090 is a ligand and chemotactic factor for @entity404 + T cells. @entity17090 inhibits the CD3 mediated lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The effects of @entity17090 on the target cells are dependent on the cell type, the presence of co-activators etc. To understand the regulation function and mechanism of @entity17090 on target cells, we used a 130 a.a. recombinant @entity17090 to study its effects on the growth of @entity1619 cells in vitro. We found that the @entity66314 stimulated the proliferation of Jurkat cells at low dose (10(-9)M), but inhibited the growth of the cells at higher concentration (10(-5)M). Results showed that 10(-5) M of @entity66314 treatment induced an enhanced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. The treatment blocked the expression of @entity12 , but up-regulated the @entity517 and @entity5353 expression in the cells. Pre-treatment of @entity6164 inhibitor or @entity12363 inhibitor markedly increased or decreased the @entity66314 induced growth-inhibiting effects on Jurkat cells, respectively. The results suggested that the @entity66314 might be a regulator for the growth or apoptosis of Jurkat cells at a dose-dependent manner. The growth-inhibiting effects of @entity66314 might be Fas/ @entity12 independent, but, associated with the activation of @entity6164 , up-regulated expression of @entity517 and @entity5353 , and the participation of the ERK signal pathway in Jurkat cells.

title: The associated regulators and signal pathway in @entity66314 / XXXX mediated growth regulation in Jurkat cells.

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Homeless @entity1 with @entity167 and other drug (AOD) disorders face multiple problems that go beyond their AOD use. As a consequence, they commonly access services in multiple sectors in addition to the AOD treatment system. This study examined the predictors of contact with agencies in the health, mental health, social welfare and criminal justice sectors by AOD status among a probability sample of homeless adults in Houston, Texas. METHOD: Cross-sectional data were collected from a multistage random sample of 797 homeless adults (579 @entity1 ), age 18 or older, who were living in shelters and on the streets of Houston in 1996. Structured face-to-face interviews provided screening diagnoses for @entity734 , self-report data on AOD treatment use and candidate predictors of treatment use. Service use was tracked retrospectively through administrative data obtained from 10 federal, state, county and municipal agencies that provide finding for physical and mental health services and AOD treatment, as well as emergency income; we also tracked criminal justice contacts. Logistic regression analyses were stratified by AOD status. RESULTS: Adjusting for eligibility factors, key aspects of need were significant predictors of any utilization among those without an AOD problem, but not for those with an AOD problem. For those with @entity734 , contact with one sector was not predictive of contact with other sectors. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that @entity734 hinder utilization of public sector services by homeless @entity1 . These disorders may be masking need or otherwise acting as a barrier to accessing treatment and support.

title: Predictors of contact with public service sectors among homeless adults with and without XXXX and other drug disorders.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AOD disorders']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional brain imaging offers a way to investigate how general anaesthetics impair consciousness. However, functional imaging changes may result from drug effects unrelated to hypnosis. Establishing a causal link with @entity909 is thus difficult. METHODS: To identify changes of neuronal activity functionally linked to the level of consciousness, @entity2607 was used to restore consciousness without changing the anaesthetic concentration in 11 subjects anaesthetized with @entity1875 . Eight subjects (responders) regained consciousness after @entity2607 and three did not (non-responders). Positron emission tomography was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF); during baseline (awake), after anaesthesia-induced @entity909 , after @entity2607 administration, and recovery. In addition to subtraction analyses, we used conjunction analysis in the responders to identify changes common to the baseline-anaesthesia and @entity2607 -anaesthesia contrasts. RESULTS: Complete data were available for seven subjects (four responders and three non-responders). The analyses revealed that @entity909 was associated with rCBF decreases in the thalamus and precuneus. Restoration of consciousness by @entity2607 was associated with rCBF increases in these same structures, with the strongest effect in the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide strong evidence that reductions in rCBF in the thalamus and precuneus are functionally related to @entity1875 -induced @entity909 independently of any non-specific effects of @entity1875 . These observations confirm that the thalamus and precuneus are key elements to understand how general anaesthetics cause @entity909 and how @entity1 wake up from anaesthesia. Furthermore, they are consistent with the notion that anaesthetic-induced @entity909 is associated with reduced cholinergic activation.

title: Critical involvement of the thalamus and precuneus during restoration of consciousness with XXXX in @entity1 during @entity1875 anaesthesia: a positron emission tomography study.

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness', 'unconsciousness']

answer: @entity2607 :: (MESH:D010830,Chemical) :: ['physostigmine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional brain imaging offers a way to investigate how general anaesthetics impair consciousness. However, functional imaging changes may result from drug effects unrelated to hypnosis. Establishing a causal link with @entity909 is thus difficult. METHODS: To identify changes of neuronal activity functionally linked to the level of consciousness, @entity2607 was used to restore consciousness without changing the anaesthetic concentration in 11 subjects anaesthetized with @entity1875 . Eight subjects (responders) regained consciousness after @entity2607 and three did not (non-responders). Positron emission tomography was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF); during baseline (awake), after anaesthesia-induced @entity909 , after @entity2607 administration, and recovery. In addition to subtraction analyses, we used conjunction analysis in the responders to identify changes common to the baseline-anaesthesia and @entity2607 -anaesthesia contrasts. RESULTS: Complete data were available for seven subjects (four responders and three non-responders). The analyses revealed that @entity909 was associated with rCBF decreases in the thalamus and precuneus. Restoration of consciousness by @entity2607 was associated with rCBF increases in these same structures, with the strongest effect in the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide strong evidence that reductions in rCBF in the thalamus and precuneus are functionally related to @entity1875 -induced @entity909 independently of any non-specific effects of @entity1875 . These observations confirm that the thalamus and precuneus are key elements to understand how general anaesthetics cause @entity909 and how @entity1 wake up from anaesthesia. Furthermore, they are consistent with the notion that anaesthetic-induced @entity909 is associated with reduced cholinergic activation.

title: Critical involvement of the thalamus and precuneus during restoration of consciousness with @entity2607 in @entity1 during XXXX anaesthesia: a positron emission tomography study.

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional brain imaging offers a way to investigate how general anaesthetics impair consciousness. However, functional imaging changes may result from drug effects unrelated to hypnosis. Establishing a causal link with @entity909 is thus difficult. METHODS: To identify changes of neuronal activity functionally linked to the level of consciousness, @entity2607 was used to restore consciousness without changing the anaesthetic concentration in 11 subjects anaesthetized with @entity1875 . Eight subjects (responders) regained consciousness after @entity2607 and three did not (non-responders). Positron emission tomography was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF); during baseline (awake), after anaesthesia-induced @entity909 , after @entity2607 administration, and recovery. In addition to subtraction analyses, we used conjunction analysis in the responders to identify changes common to the baseline-anaesthesia and @entity2607 -anaesthesia contrasts. RESULTS: Complete data were available for seven subjects (four responders and three non-responders). The analyses revealed that @entity909 was associated with rCBF decreases in the thalamus and precuneus. Restoration of consciousness by @entity2607 was associated with rCBF increases in these same structures, with the strongest effect in the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide strong evidence that reductions in rCBF in the thalamus and precuneus are functionally related to @entity1875 -induced @entity909 independently of any non-specific effects of @entity1875 . These observations confirm that the thalamus and precuneus are key elements to understand how general anaesthetics cause @entity909 and how @entity1 wake up from anaesthesia. Furthermore, they are consistent with the notion that anaesthetic-induced @entity909 is associated with reduced cholinergic activation.

title: Critical involvement of the thalamus and precuneus during restoration of consciousness with @entity2607 in XXXX during @entity1875 anaesthesia: a positron emission tomography study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although several lines of evidence implicate gray @entity62 in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in @entity1 with @entity162 , findings have been largely inconsistent across studies. Differences in @entity1 ' medication status or mood state or the application of traditional volumetric methods that are insensitive to subtle neuroanatomical differences may have contributed to variations in findings. The authors used MRI in conjunction with cortical pattern matching methods to assess @entity2526 in euthymic bipolar @entity1 who were not receiving @entity1091 treatment. METHOD: Thirty-four @entity1091 -free euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 and 31 healthy comparison subjects underwent MRI scanning. Data were processed to measure cortical gray matter thickness. Thickness maps were spatially normalized using cortical pattern matching and were analyzed to assess illness effects and associations with clinical variables. RESULTS: Relative to healthy comparison subjects, euthymic bipolar @entity1 had significantly thinner gray matter in the left and right prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's areas 11, 10, 8, and 44) and the left anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's areas 24/32). Thinning in these regions was more pronounced in @entity1 with a history of @entity716 . No areas of thicker cortex were detected in bipolar @entity1 relative to healthy comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Using a technique that is highly sensitive to subtle neuroanatomical differences, significant regional cortical thinning was found in @entity1091 -free euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 .

title: Investigation of @entity2526 in @entity1091 -free adults with XXXX using cortical pattern matching.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar I disorder']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['cortical thickness abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['matter abnormalities']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar I disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although several lines of evidence implicate gray @entity62 in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in @entity1 with @entity162 , findings have been largely inconsistent across studies. Differences in @entity1 ' medication status or mood state or the application of traditional volumetric methods that are insensitive to subtle neuroanatomical differences may have contributed to variations in findings. The authors used MRI in conjunction with cortical pattern matching methods to assess @entity2526 in euthymic bipolar @entity1 who were not receiving @entity1091 treatment. METHOD: Thirty-four @entity1091 -free euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 and 31 healthy comparison subjects underwent MRI scanning. Data were processed to measure cortical gray matter thickness. Thickness maps were spatially normalized using cortical pattern matching and were analyzed to assess illness effects and associations with clinical variables. RESULTS: Relative to healthy comparison subjects, euthymic bipolar @entity1 had significantly thinner gray matter in the left and right prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's areas 11, 10, 8, and 44) and the left anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's areas 24/32). Thinning in these regions was more pronounced in @entity1 with a history of @entity716 . No areas of thicker cortex were detected in bipolar @entity1 relative to healthy comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Using a technique that is highly sensitive to subtle neuroanatomical differences, significant regional cortical thinning was found in @entity1091 -free euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 .

title: Investigation of @entity2526 in XXXX -free adults with @entity162 using cortical pattern matching.

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']