abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with mild @entity131 ( @entity131 ) as defined by an admission Glasgow @entity772 Score (GCS) of 14-15 often do not require neurosurgical interventions, but which @entity1 will go on to require neurosurgical care has been difficult to predict. We hypothesized that injury patterns would be associated with need for eventual neurosurgical intervention in mild @entity131 . METHODS: The National @entity130 Databank (2007-2012) was queried for @entity1 with @entity1913 and a diagnosis of @entity131 with an emergency department GCS of 14-15. @entity1 were stratified by age and @entity130 . Multiple logistic regression for neurosurgical intervention was run with @entity1 demographics, physiologic variables, and injury diagnoses as dependent variables. RESULTS: The study included 50,496 @entity1 , with an overall 8.8  % rate of neurosurgical intervention. Neurosurgical intervention rates varied markedly according to @entity130 , and were only correlated with age for @entity1 with epidural and @entity548 . In multiple logistic regression, @entity131 diagnoses were predictive of need for neurosurgical interventions; moreover, after controlling for @entity130 and severity score, age was not significantly associated with requiring neurosurgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: We found that in mild @entity131 , injury pattern is associated with eventual need for neurosurgical intervention. @entity1 with @entity131 or @entity510 are much less likely to require neurosurgical intervention, and the effects of age are not significant after controlling for other @entity1 factors. Prospective studies should validate this finding so that treatment guidelines can be updated to better allocate ICU resources.

title: Prediction of neurosurgical intervention after mild @entity131 using the national XXXX data bank.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The Missouri Breast @entity5 Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) at the @entity5 Research Center in Columbia, Missouri, detected 136 malignant lesions among 10,187 asymptomatic @entity1 between 1974 and 1980. Mammography was the sole detection modality in 76 or 56% of cases (Group 1). Mammography combined with physical examination revealed 41 (30%) additional cases (Group 2). Physical examination alone detected 19 (14%) cases (Group 3). Follow-up was complete in all cases. There were 26 (19%) noninvasive and 110 (81%) invasive lesions. Positive axillary nodes were found in 34 (25%) cases, and 102 (75%) @entity1 had negative nodes. The overall 5-year survival was 84.5%. After a minimum follow-up of 5 years and a median follow-up of 8.5 years, 108 @entity1 are alive, 5 of whom have recurrences. Among 28 deceased @entity1 , 9 died of causes unrelated to @entity0 . The 5-year survival of Group 1 was 95% (72/76). Among this group of @entity1 , 84% (64/76) had negative lymph nodes. At 5 to 10 years follow-up, there have been no @entity0 -related @entity204 among this group, and only one @entity1 has recurrent disease 91 months after mastectomy. Furthermore, 85% (22/26) of all noninvasive lesions were found in this group. Of the remaining 12 @entity1 diagnosed by mammography alone but who had positive nodes, the 5-year survival was 75% (9/12). By contrast, @entity1 diagnosed by mammography plus physical examination (Group 2) experienced a survival of 71% (29/41) at 5 years. Sixty-three percent of @entity1 diagnosed by physical examination had negative lymph nodes. Their 5-year survival was 84%, which contrasts with a 50% 5-year survival for @entity1 with positive nodes. In Group 3, 79% (15/19) had negative nodes. The 5-year survival rate of this group was 74% (14/19), and the 5-year survival rate of the node-negative @entity1 with invasive disease in this group was 29% and 21% lower than that of the node-negative @entity1 with invasive disease of Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P less than 0.01). This study suggests that improved survival in @entity0 screening program is in large measure dependent on the ability to detect lesions before they become palpable. The authors conclude that mammography is a determining factor in early diagnosis, and at 5 to 10 years contributes significantly to improved 5- and 10-year survival rates.

title: The impact of XXXX screening on survival. A 5- to 10-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The advancement in the healthcare systems, stringent interventions for @entity166 and improved diet has significantly shifted the patterns of morbidities, and consequently hereditary and @entity154 ( @entity154 ) and @entity166 ( @entity166 ) have emerged as the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. In Pakistan, there is no systematic health surveillance system to assess the impact of such diseases particularly on the young and adult populations. METHODS: In order to glean into the health and morbidity profile of Azad Jammu and Kashmir we have carried out an epidemiological study in Bhimber District in the north-east of Pakistan. A total of 1,731 female subjects of age 12-75 yr originating from Bhimber were recruited through a cross-sectional study. RESULTS: There were 74 cases (and 15 types) of @entity154 with a prevalence estimate of 42.75/1,000. @entity154 was significantly higher in subjects who were illiterate and married, speaking Pahari language and belonged to rural areas and nuclear families. Additionally, there were 104 cases (and 21 types) of @entity166 (prevalence 60.08/1,000). @entity166 were observed to have higher prevalence in subjects who were illiterate and married, speaking Punjabi language, and belonged to higher age groups and nuclear families. CONCLUSION: This study explores the types and dynamics of morbidity across the major socio-demographic parameters of adult females of Bhimber and would be helpful in estimating the impact of morbidity in this population. A comprehensive country-wide study is the need of the time to identify specific risk factors associated with certain morbidity types and help prioritize areas for interventions.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and Non-Communicable Diseases in Women of Age 12-75 Years in District Bhimber, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases', 'NCDs', 'non-communicable diseases']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Congenital Anomalies']


abstract: Classical and @entity4797 are traditionally treated with radiation therapy and are said to have the same prognosis. A retrospective study was undertaken of 90 @entity4797 @entity1 treated with radiation therapy between 1961 and 1985. The classical group consisted of 71 @entity1 of whom 50 had stage I and 21 had @entity34 . The anaplastic group consisted of 19 @entity1 of whom ten had stage I and nine had @entity34 . The median follow-up time was 64 months for the entire group. The 10-year relapse-free survival rate for the classical group was 94% and for the anaplastic group was 70% (P less than .05). For @entity1 with classical stage I disease, the relapse-free actuarial survival rate was 98%; for @entity1 with anaplastic stage I disease, it was 64% (P less than .02). For the classical @entity34 group, the relapse-free actuarial survival rate was 84% and for the anaplastic @entity34 group, 75% (P less than .70). Four @entity1 in the classical group (6%) had relapses; of these, one @entity1 had local recurrence of @entity5 , and three had distant metastases. In the anaplastic group, four @entity1 (21%) had relapses; two @entity1 had local recurrence of @entity5 , and two had distant metastases. Therefore the data suggest a difference in survival and relapse rates between classical and @entity4797 .

title: Classical and XXXX : difference in survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic seminoma', 'seminoma']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['anaplastic seminoma']


abstract: This paper presents findings based on a one-year pre-introductory clinical investigation concerning safety, efficacy, and acceptability of the new contraceptive NORPLANT implants in @entity3595 Lanka. The study is based on 400 acceptors of the implants at two clinics in @entity3595 Lanka. Acceptors' mean age was 27 years, mean number of @entity1 was about two, and average educational attainment was eight years. Nearly half of the acceptors did not want to have another @entity1 . Follow-up was conducted at one, three, six, and twelve months. The one-year termination rate due to medical problems was very low, and the one-year life-table pregnancy rate was 0.5. Menstrual pattern disruption was the most frequently reported complaint with the implants. @entity2588 increased in the first three months of use, and @entity1867 was common among those menstruating. In spite of these changes and some significant variations between the acceptors in the two study center, the overall degree of satisfaction with the implants was very high. The features most important to the acceptability of the implants were low risk of pregnancy, the long duration of action, and the convenience of use. The results of the study suggest that NORPLANT implants are safe, effective, and highly acceptable to @entity3595 Lankan @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of safety, efficacy, and acceptability of NORPLANT implants in XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['intermenstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['Amenorrhea']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Factors associated with early arrival may vary according to the characteristics of the hospital. We investigated the factors associated with early hospital arrival in two different @entity64 centers located in Korea and Japan. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity385 arrived hospital within 48 hours of onset between January 2011 and December 2012 were identified and the clinical and time variables were retrieved from the prospective @entity64 registries of Severance Hospital of Yonsei University Health System (YUHS; Seoul, Korea) and National @entity65 (NCVC; Osaka, Japan). Subjects were dichotomized into early (time from onset to arrival  <=4.5 hours) and late (>4.5 hours) arrival groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with early hospital arrival. RESULTS: A total of 1,966 subjects (992 from YUHS; 974 from NCVC) were included in this study. The median time from onset to arrival was 6.1 hours [interquartile range, 1.7-17.8 hours]. In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with early arrival were @entity955 (Odds ratio [OR], 1.505; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.168-1.939]), higher initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores (OR, 1.037; 95% CI [1.023-1.051]), onset during daytime (OR, 2.799; 95% CI [2.173-3.605]), and transport by an emergency medical service (OR, 2.127; 95% CI [1.700-2.661]). These factors were consistently associated with early arrival in both hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Despite differences between the hospitals, there were common factors related to early arrival. Efforts to identify and modify these factors may promote early hospital arrival and improve @entity64 outcome.

title: Factors Associated with Early Hospital Arrival in @entity1 with Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Factors associated with early arrival may vary according to the characteristics of the hospital. We investigated the factors associated with early hospital arrival in two different @entity64 centers located in Korea and Japan. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity385 arrived hospital within 48 hours of onset between January 2011 and December 2012 were identified and the clinical and time variables were retrieved from the prospective @entity64 registries of Severance Hospital of Yonsei University Health System (YUHS; Seoul, Korea) and National @entity65 (NCVC; Osaka, Japan). Subjects were dichotomized into early (time from onset to arrival  <=4.5 hours) and late (>4.5 hours) arrival groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with early hospital arrival. RESULTS: A total of 1,966 subjects (992 from YUHS; 974 from NCVC) were included in this study. The median time from onset to arrival was 6.1 hours [interquartile range, 1.7-17.8 hours]. In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with early arrival were @entity955 (Odds ratio [OR], 1.505; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.168-1.939]), higher initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores (OR, 1.037; 95% CI [1.023-1.051]), onset during daytime (OR, 2.799; 95% CI [2.173-3.605]), and transport by an emergency medical service (OR, 2.127; 95% CI [1.700-2.661]). These factors were consistently associated with early arrival in both hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Despite differences between the hospitals, there were common factors related to early arrival. Efforts to identify and modify these factors may promote early hospital arrival and improve @entity64 outcome.

title: Factors Associated with Early Hospital Arrival in XXXX with Acute @entity385 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is a significant cause of disability and @entity204 and a huge economic burden throughout the world. Much of the morbidity associated with @entity131 is attributed to secondary @entity1545 resulting in @entity519 and @entity63 after the initial @entity130 . Intracranial @entity101 and decreased partial brain @entity26 tension (PbtO2) are targeted as potentially avoidable causes of morbidity. @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ) may be an effective intervention to reduce @entity428 ( @entity428 ), but could also affect cerebral blood flow (CBF). This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 17 @entity1 admitted to the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh. @entity1 with an @entity428 >20   mmHg refractory to initial therapy were randomized to standard care or standard care and @entity2332 (intervention group) titrated between 32  C and 35  C to reduce @entity428 . @entity428 and PbtO2 were measured using the Licox system and core temperature was recorded through rectal thermometer. Data were analyzed at the hour before cooling, the first hour at target temperature, 2 consecutive hours at target temperature, and after 6 hours of @entity2332 . There was a mean decrease in @entity428 of 4.3  1.6   mmHg (p<0.04) from 15.7 to 11.4   mmHg, from precooling to the first epoch of @entity2332 in the intervention group (n=9) that was not seen in the control group (n=8). A decrease in @entity428 was maintained throughout all time periods. There was a mean decrease in PbtO2 of 7.8  3.1   mmHg (p<0.05) from 30.2 to 22.4   mmHg, from precooling to stable @entity2332 , which was not seen in the control group. This research supports others in demonstrating a decrease in @entity428 with temperature, which could facilitate a reduction in the use of hyperosmolar agents or other stage II interventions. The decrease in PbtO2 is not below the suggested treatment threshold of 20   mmHg, but might indicate a decrease in CBF.

title: Therapeutic Hypothermia Reduces Intracranial Pressure and Partial Brain @entity26 Tension in @entity1 with Severe XXXX : Preliminary Data from the Eurotherm3235 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Therapeutic hypothermia', 'hypothermia', 'TH']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is a significant cause of disability and @entity204 and a huge economic burden throughout the world. Much of the morbidity associated with @entity131 is attributed to secondary @entity1545 resulting in @entity519 and @entity63 after the initial @entity130 . Intracranial @entity101 and decreased partial brain @entity26 tension (PbtO2) are targeted as potentially avoidable causes of morbidity. @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ) may be an effective intervention to reduce @entity428 ( @entity428 ), but could also affect cerebral blood flow (CBF). This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 17 @entity1 admitted to the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh. @entity1 with an @entity428 >20   mmHg refractory to initial therapy were randomized to standard care or standard care and @entity2332 (intervention group) titrated between 32  C and 35  C to reduce @entity428 . @entity428 and PbtO2 were measured using the Licox system and core temperature was recorded through rectal thermometer. Data were analyzed at the hour before cooling, the first hour at target temperature, 2 consecutive hours at target temperature, and after 6 hours of @entity2332 . There was a mean decrease in @entity428 of 4.3  1.6   mmHg (p<0.04) from 15.7 to 11.4   mmHg, from precooling to the first epoch of @entity2332 in the intervention group (n=9) that was not seen in the control group (n=8). A decrease in @entity428 was maintained throughout all time periods. There was a mean decrease in PbtO2 of 7.8  3.1   mmHg (p<0.05) from 30.2 to 22.4   mmHg, from precooling to stable @entity2332 , which was not seen in the control group. This research supports others in demonstrating a decrease in @entity428 with temperature, which could facilitate a reduction in the use of hyperosmolar agents or other stage II interventions. The decrease in PbtO2 is not below the suggested treatment threshold of 20   mmHg, but might indicate a decrease in CBF.

title: Therapeutic Hypothermia Reduces Intracranial Pressure and Partial Brain XXXX Tension in @entity1 with Severe @entity131 : Preliminary Data from the Eurotherm3235 Trial.

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is a significant cause of disability and @entity204 and a huge economic burden throughout the world. Much of the morbidity associated with @entity131 is attributed to secondary @entity1545 resulting in @entity519 and @entity63 after the initial @entity130 . Intracranial @entity101 and decreased partial brain @entity26 tension (PbtO2) are targeted as potentially avoidable causes of morbidity. @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ) may be an effective intervention to reduce @entity428 ( @entity428 ), but could also affect cerebral blood flow (CBF). This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 17 @entity1 admitted to the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh. @entity1 with an @entity428 >20   mmHg refractory to initial therapy were randomized to standard care or standard care and @entity2332 (intervention group) titrated between 32  C and 35  C to reduce @entity428 . @entity428 and PbtO2 were measured using the Licox system and core temperature was recorded through rectal thermometer. Data were analyzed at the hour before cooling, the first hour at target temperature, 2 consecutive hours at target temperature, and after 6 hours of @entity2332 . There was a mean decrease in @entity428 of 4.3  1.6   mmHg (p<0.04) from 15.7 to 11.4   mmHg, from precooling to the first epoch of @entity2332 in the intervention group (n=9) that was not seen in the control group (n=8). A decrease in @entity428 was maintained throughout all time periods. There was a mean decrease in PbtO2 of 7.8  3.1   mmHg (p<0.05) from 30.2 to 22.4   mmHg, from precooling to stable @entity2332 , which was not seen in the control group. This research supports others in demonstrating a decrease in @entity428 with temperature, which could facilitate a reduction in the use of hyperosmolar agents or other stage II interventions. The decrease in PbtO2 is not below the suggested treatment threshold of 20   mmHg, but might indicate a decrease in CBF.

title: Therapeutic Hypothermia Reduces Intracranial Pressure and Partial Brain @entity26 Tension in XXXX with Severe @entity131 : Preliminary Data from the Eurotherm3235 Trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of @entity3119 in subjects with @entity914 is much higher than in the general population. The higher than chance co-occurrence has also been demonstrated at the level of subclinical expression of both phenotypes. Both extended phenotypes have been shown to cluster in families. However, little is known about the origins of their elevated co-occurrence. In the present study, evidence for a shared etiological mechanism was investigated in 3 samples with decreasing levels of @entity716 liability: 987 @entity1 , 973 of their unaffected siblings and 566 healthy controls. The association between the obsessive-compulsive phenotype and the @entity716 phenotype c.q. @entity716 liability was investigated. First, the association was assessed between (subclinical) @entity3119 and @entity716 liability. Second, in a cross-sib cross-trait analysis, it was examined whether (subclinical) @entity3119 in the @entity1 were associated with (subclinical) @entity716 in the related unaffected sibling. Evidence was found for both associations, which is compatible with a partially shared etiological pathway underlying @entity3119 . This is the first study that used a cross-sib cross-trait design in @entity1 and unaffected siblings, thus circumventing confounding by disease-related factors present in clinical samples.

title: Evidence for a Shared Etiological Mechanism of Psychotic Symptoms and XXXX in @entity1 with @entity914 and Their Siblings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive symptoms', 'obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'obsessive-compulsive and psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms', 'familial psychosis', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of @entity3119 in subjects with @entity914 is much higher than in the general population. The higher than chance co-occurrence has also been demonstrated at the level of subclinical expression of both phenotypes. Both extended phenotypes have been shown to cluster in families. However, little is known about the origins of their elevated co-occurrence. In the present study, evidence for a shared etiological mechanism was investigated in 3 samples with decreasing levels of @entity716 liability: 987 @entity1 , 973 of their unaffected siblings and 566 healthy controls. The association between the obsessive-compulsive phenotype and the @entity716 phenotype c.q. @entity716 liability was investigated. First, the association was assessed between (subclinical) @entity3119 and @entity716 liability. Second, in a cross-sib cross-trait analysis, it was examined whether (subclinical) @entity3119 in the @entity1 were associated with (subclinical) @entity716 in the related unaffected sibling. Evidence was found for both associations, which is compatible with a partially shared etiological pathway underlying @entity3119 . This is the first study that used a cross-sib cross-trait design in @entity1 and unaffected siblings, thus circumventing confounding by disease-related factors present in clinical samples.

title: Evidence for a Shared Etiological Mechanism of Psychotic Symptoms and @entity3119 in @entity1 with XXXX and Their Siblings.

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['Psychotic Disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of @entity3119 in subjects with @entity914 is much higher than in the general population. The higher than chance co-occurrence has also been demonstrated at the level of subclinical expression of both phenotypes. Both extended phenotypes have been shown to cluster in families. However, little is known about the origins of their elevated co-occurrence. In the present study, evidence for a shared etiological mechanism was investigated in 3 samples with decreasing levels of @entity716 liability: 987 @entity1 , 973 of their unaffected siblings and 566 healthy controls. The association between the obsessive-compulsive phenotype and the @entity716 phenotype c.q. @entity716 liability was investigated. First, the association was assessed between (subclinical) @entity3119 and @entity716 liability. Second, in a cross-sib cross-trait analysis, it was examined whether (subclinical) @entity3119 in the @entity1 were associated with (subclinical) @entity716 in the related unaffected sibling. Evidence was found for both associations, which is compatible with a partially shared etiological pathway underlying @entity3119 . This is the first study that used a cross-sib cross-trait design in @entity1 and unaffected siblings, thus circumventing confounding by disease-related factors present in clinical samples.

title: Evidence for a Shared Etiological Mechanism of Psychotic Symptoms and @entity3119 in XXXX with @entity914 and Their Siblings.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A physiological sickness scoring system (SS), based on the APACHE II score, has been used to assess outcome from @entity3124 in 128 @entity1 admitted to a general intensive care unit. Physiological data were collected on each @entity1 from admission until @entity204 or discharge from the unit, and survival was recorded as survival to home. The admission SS correctly classified 80.6% of survivors, and 70.4% of non-survivors. Predictive power did not improve with time using the daily SS. However, when the proportional change in SS over time was included in the analysis, predictive power improved; and at day 4, 87.1% of survivors and 75% of non-survivors were correctly classified. At intermediate levels of sickness severity (admission score of 13-18), a reduction in SS of 30% by day 4 reduced the risk of @entity204 by 32%; at higher levels (greater than 18) a similar reduction in SS was associated with a 47% reduction in @entity204 -risk. Failure to obtain a reduction in score by day 4 was associated with increased risk of @entity204 . Survivors consistently showed a greater fall in SS by day 4 than non-survivors. The APACHE score and its modifications provide an accurate, unitary measure of physiological disturbance. Correction of abnormal physiology, and the measurement of responsiveness to therapy are important components in the prediction of outcome from @entity3124 .

title: Sickness scoring and response to treatment as predictors of outcome from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial mechanism in @entity189 progression, describes the process whereby epithelial cells lose their apico-basal polarity and junctional complexes and acquire a mesenchymal-like morphology. Several markers are considered to be authentic indicators of an epithelial or mesenchymal status; however, there is currently no comprehensive or systematic method with which to determine their functional relevance. Previously, we identified a 33-gene EMT signature comprising 25 epithelial and 6 mesenchymal genes that best describe this concept of the EMT spectrum. Here, we designed small-scale siRNA screens targeting these six mesenchymal signature genes ( @entity73110 , @entity73111 , @entity16445 , @entity73112 , @entity2277 , @entity18075 ) to explore their functional relevance and their roles during EMT reversal by @entity9815 ( @entity9815 ) in a mesenchymal-like SKOV3 @entity43 cell line. We found that neither cell proliferation nor @entity137 was affected by silencing any of these genes. SKOV3 cells expressing siRNA against mesenchymal genes ( @entity18075 , @entity73111 , @entity73110 , @entity16445 , and @entity73112 ) showed enhanced colony compaction (reduced inter-nuclear distance). Inductions of @entity5962 expression were only observed in @entity73112 - and @entity18075 -silenced SKOV3 cells. In addition, only @entity73112 -silenced SKOV3 cells showed increased anoikis. Finally, we identified that @entity73112 and @entity18075 were down-regulated in @entity9815 -treated SKOV3 cells and @entity73112 - and @entity18075 -silenced SKOV3 cells showed enhanced @entity9815 -induced up-regulation of @entity5962 . @entity9815 -treated SKOV3 cells also showed colony compaction and decreases in EMT scores both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that @entity73112 and @entity18075 are functionally relevant in EMT reversal. This study thus provides a proof-of-concept for the use of in vitro siRNA screening to explore the EMT-related functions of selected genes and their potential relevance in the discovery of EMT reversing drugs.

title: Functional relevance of a six mesenchymal gene signature in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) reversal by the triple angiokinase inhibitor, XXXX ( @entity9815 ).

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity9815 :: ('MESH:C530716', 'Chemical') :: ['nintedanib', 'BIBF1120', 'Nintedanib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity9815 :: (MESH:C530716,Chemical) :: ['nintedanib']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial mechanism in @entity189 progression, describes the process whereby epithelial cells lose their apico-basal polarity and junctional complexes and acquire a mesenchymal-like morphology. Several markers are considered to be authentic indicators of an epithelial or mesenchymal status; however, there is currently no comprehensive or systematic method with which to determine their functional relevance. Previously, we identified a 33-gene EMT signature comprising 25 epithelial and 6 mesenchymal genes that best describe this concept of the EMT spectrum. Here, we designed small-scale siRNA screens targeting these six mesenchymal signature genes ( @entity73110 , @entity73111 , @entity16445 , @entity73112 , @entity2277 , @entity18075 ) to explore their functional relevance and their roles during EMT reversal by @entity9815 ( @entity9815 ) in a mesenchymal-like SKOV3 @entity43 cell line. We found that neither cell proliferation nor @entity137 was affected by silencing any of these genes. SKOV3 cells expressing siRNA against mesenchymal genes ( @entity18075 , @entity73111 , @entity73110 , @entity16445 , and @entity73112 ) showed enhanced colony compaction (reduced inter-nuclear distance). Inductions of @entity5962 expression were only observed in @entity73112 - and @entity18075 -silenced SKOV3 cells. In addition, only @entity73112 -silenced SKOV3 cells showed increased anoikis. Finally, we identified that @entity73112 and @entity18075 were down-regulated in @entity9815 -treated SKOV3 cells and @entity73112 - and @entity18075 -silenced SKOV3 cells showed enhanced @entity9815 -induced up-regulation of @entity5962 . @entity9815 -treated SKOV3 cells also showed colony compaction and decreases in EMT scores both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that @entity73112 and @entity18075 are functionally relevant in EMT reversal. This study thus provides a proof-of-concept for the use of in vitro siRNA screening to explore the EMT-related functions of selected genes and their potential relevance in the discovery of EMT reversing drugs.

title: Functional relevance of a six mesenchymal gene signature in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) reversal by the triple angiokinase inhibitor, @entity9815 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity9815 :: (MESH:C530716,Chemical) :: ['BIBF1120']


abstract: In order to determine if the decreased hypothalamic and increased posterior pituitary content of @entity1951 (VP) observed previously in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) were a secondary consequence of the @entity101 , the effect of preventing the development of @entity101 on VP content of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system was evaluated. Two methods for preventing the @entity101 were used: (1) chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (oral @entity3371 , 100 mg/kg/day at 4-12 weeks of age); and (2) intraventricular @entity2955 ( @entity2955 , 200 micrograms at 4 and 5 weeks of age). Both of these treatments markedly attenuated the increase in systolic blood pressure in SHRs at 5-11 weeks of age. The @entity3371 -treated @entity35 had a significant elevation in serum @entity3449 activity at 12 weeks of age indicating the presence of chronic converting enzyme inhibition, and the @entity2955 -treatment resulted in a depletion of hypothalamic (86%) and brainstem (76%) @entity1063 content. @entity6659 content was reduced in untreated SHRs compared to normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKYs, P = 0.0015). It was not significantly altered in either strain by the @entity2955 treatment. @entity3371 caused a @entity6659 content in both SHRs and WKYs (P less than 0.01). Posterior pituitary VP content was elevated in untreated SHRs compared to WKYs (P less than 0.001), and remained elevated with @entity3371 and @entity2955 treatments. These data indicate that the abnormalities in VP content in the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary of SHRs are not a response to the @entity101 . Therefore, they may represent @entity854 in the SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Abnormalities in hypothalamic and neurohypophysial vasopressin content are not a consequence of @entity101 in the spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['primary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity6659 :: ('MESH:D020790', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in hypothalamic VP', 'Hypothalamic VP']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: In order to determine if the decreased hypothalamic and increased posterior pituitary content of @entity1951 (VP) observed previously in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) were a secondary consequence of the @entity101 , the effect of preventing the development of @entity101 on VP content of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system was evaluated. Two methods for preventing the @entity101 were used: (1) chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (oral @entity3371 , 100 mg/kg/day at 4-12 weeks of age); and (2) intraventricular @entity2955 ( @entity2955 , 200 micrograms at 4 and 5 weeks of age). Both of these treatments markedly attenuated the increase in systolic blood pressure in SHRs at 5-11 weeks of age. The @entity3371 -treated @entity35 had a significant elevation in serum @entity3449 activity at 12 weeks of age indicating the presence of chronic converting enzyme inhibition, and the @entity2955 -treatment resulted in a depletion of hypothalamic (86%) and brainstem (76%) @entity1063 content. @entity6659 content was reduced in untreated SHRs compared to normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKYs, P = 0.0015). It was not significantly altered in either strain by the @entity2955 treatment. @entity3371 caused a @entity6659 content in both SHRs and WKYs (P less than 0.01). Posterior pituitary VP content was elevated in untreated SHRs compared to WKYs (P less than 0.001), and remained elevated with @entity3371 and @entity2955 treatments. These data indicate that the abnormalities in VP content in the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary of SHRs are not a response to the @entity101 . Therefore, they may represent @entity854 in the SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Abnormalities in hypothalamic and neurohypophysial vasopressin content are not a consequence of XXXX in the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: In order to determine if the decreased hypothalamic and increased posterior pituitary content of @entity1951 (VP) observed previously in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) were a secondary consequence of the @entity101 , the effect of preventing the development of @entity101 on VP content of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system was evaluated. Two methods for preventing the @entity101 were used: (1) chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (oral @entity3371 , 100 mg/kg/day at 4-12 weeks of age); and (2) intraventricular @entity2955 ( @entity2955 , 200 micrograms at 4 and 5 weeks of age). Both of these treatments markedly attenuated the increase in systolic blood pressure in SHRs at 5-11 weeks of age. The @entity3371 -treated @entity35 had a significant elevation in serum @entity3449 activity at 12 weeks of age indicating the presence of chronic converting enzyme inhibition, and the @entity2955 -treatment resulted in a depletion of hypothalamic (86%) and brainstem (76%) @entity1063 content. @entity6659 content was reduced in untreated SHRs compared to normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKYs, P = 0.0015). It was not significantly altered in either strain by the @entity2955 treatment. @entity3371 caused a @entity6659 content in both SHRs and WKYs (P less than 0.01). Posterior pituitary VP content was elevated in untreated SHRs compared to WKYs (P less than 0.001), and remained elevated with @entity3371 and @entity2955 treatments. These data indicate that the abnormalities in VP content in the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary of SHRs are not a response to the @entity101 . Therefore, they may represent @entity854 in the SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Abnormalities in hypothalamic and neurohypophysial vasopressin content are not a consequence of @entity101 in the spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. We have studied the kinetics of the conversion of @entity8454 into haem and haem precursors in homogenates of livers of @entity35 and @entity1573 embryos. Homogenates of fresh liver from both species efficiently convert @entity8454 into haem. After frozen storage for 1 year, homogenates of @entity35 , but not @entity1573 , liver have decreased rates of formation of haem with accumulation of more @entity7888 . The rate of haem formation after storage is restored by addition of @entity8798 and @entity8197 . 2. At all initial concentrations of @entity8454 tested (2 microM-1 mM), homogenates of @entity35 liver accumulate less @entity7888 than haem. In contrast, homogenates of @entity1573 embryo liver accumulate more @entity7888 than haem at concentration of @entity8454 greater than 10 microM. Conversion of @entity7888 into haem by homogenates of fresh or frozen @entity1573 embryo liver is not increased by addition of @entity8798 . 3. Homogenates of liver from both species accumulate porphobilinogen; the kinetic parameters for this process reflect those of @entity8454 dehydratase. 4. The results show that the rate-limiting enzyme for the hepatic conversion of @entity8454 into @entity7888 is @entity10473 deaminase. In addition, @entity1573 liver, compared with @entity35 liver, has only about one-fifth the activity of @entity42136 , the final enzyme of the haem biosynthetic pathway, which inserts @entity8798 into @entity7888 to form haem. 5. Comparison of these results with previous studies indicates that the homogenate system described here provides physiologically and clinically relevant information for study of hepatic haem synthesis and its control.

title: Conversion of XXXX into haem by liver homogenates. Comparison of @entity35 and @entity1573 embryo.

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['menadione']

entities_list: @entity10473 :: ('MESH:D011162', 'Chemical') :: ['porphobilinogen']

entities_list: @entity7888 :: ('CHEBI:15430', 'Chemical') :: ['protoporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolaevulinate']

answer: @entity8454 :: (MESH:D000622,Chemical) :: ['5-aminolaevulinate']


abstract: 1. We have studied the kinetics of the conversion of @entity8454 into haem and haem precursors in homogenates of livers of @entity35 and @entity1573 embryos. Homogenates of fresh liver from both species efficiently convert @entity8454 into haem. After frozen storage for 1 year, homogenates of @entity35 , but not @entity1573 , liver have decreased rates of formation of haem with accumulation of more @entity7888 . The rate of haem formation after storage is restored by addition of @entity8798 and @entity8197 . 2. At all initial concentrations of @entity8454 tested (2 microM-1 mM), homogenates of @entity35 liver accumulate less @entity7888 than haem. In contrast, homogenates of @entity1573 embryo liver accumulate more @entity7888 than haem at concentration of @entity8454 greater than 10 microM. Conversion of @entity7888 into haem by homogenates of fresh or frozen @entity1573 embryo liver is not increased by addition of @entity8798 . 3. Homogenates of liver from both species accumulate porphobilinogen; the kinetic parameters for this process reflect those of @entity8454 dehydratase. 4. The results show that the rate-limiting enzyme for the hepatic conversion of @entity8454 into @entity7888 is @entity10473 deaminase. In addition, @entity1573 liver, compared with @entity35 liver, has only about one-fifth the activity of @entity42136 , the final enzyme of the haem biosynthetic pathway, which inserts @entity8798 into @entity7888 to form haem. 5. Comparison of these results with previous studies indicates that the homogenate system described here provides physiologically and clinically relevant information for study of hepatic haem synthesis and its control.

title: Conversion of @entity8454 into haem by liver homogenates. Comparison of @entity35 and XXXX embryo.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: 1. We have studied the kinetics of the conversion of @entity8454 into haem and haem precursors in homogenates of livers of @entity35 and @entity1573 embryos. Homogenates of fresh liver from both species efficiently convert @entity8454 into haem. After frozen storage for 1 year, homogenates of @entity35 , but not @entity1573 , liver have decreased rates of formation of haem with accumulation of more @entity7888 . The rate of haem formation after storage is restored by addition of @entity8798 and @entity8197 . 2. At all initial concentrations of @entity8454 tested (2 microM-1 mM), homogenates of @entity35 liver accumulate less @entity7888 than haem. In contrast, homogenates of @entity1573 embryo liver accumulate more @entity7888 than haem at concentration of @entity8454 greater than 10 microM. Conversion of @entity7888 into haem by homogenates of fresh or frozen @entity1573 embryo liver is not increased by addition of @entity8798 . 3. Homogenates of liver from both species accumulate porphobilinogen; the kinetic parameters for this process reflect those of @entity8454 dehydratase. 4. The results show that the rate-limiting enzyme for the hepatic conversion of @entity8454 into @entity7888 is @entity10473 deaminase. In addition, @entity1573 liver, compared with @entity35 liver, has only about one-fifth the activity of @entity42136 , the final enzyme of the haem biosynthetic pathway, which inserts @entity8798 into @entity7888 to form haem. 5. Comparison of these results with previous studies indicates that the homogenate system described here provides physiologically and clinically relevant information for study of hepatic haem synthesis and its control.

title: Conversion of @entity8454 into haem by liver homogenates. Comparison of XXXX and @entity1573 embryo.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Three hundred and ninety-five four-week-old SPF female ddY @entity19 were each exposed to 5 or 6 cercariae of @entity2042 (Japanese strain) on their shaved abdomens and were maintained in a conditioned clean environment and fed on sterilized food and water. Fecal examinations at 8 to 10 weeks postinfection (PI) revealed 169 @entity19 to be infected. More than half of them died within 30 weeks PI and 70 @entity19 that survived to the 50th week PI were sacrificed. At autopsy, we could find no schistosome eggs in the liver or intestinal wall of 9 @entity19 , and they were excluded. Out of 61 @entity19 which showed @entity2043 eggs in their livers, 48 had single or multiple @entity157 , while no @entity5 was observed in the livers of the 60 control @entity19 . The @entity5 were yellowish-white in color with distinct boundaries and the centers of the @entity5 were @entity308 in some cases. The size of the @entity5 varied from 1 to 20 mm in diameter. Most of the @entity5 retained the normal trabecular pattern, but in some cases the trabeculae were thickened, having wide vascular spaces. The @entity5 cells were PAS-negative and showed varieties of pleomorphism. The sizes of cells and nuclei varied greatly. These findings suggested some causal relationship between @entity2043 @entity281 and the @entity157 formation in the host's liver. In the chronic course of @entity2040 japonica in the endemic areas, @entity2043 @entity281 probably plays a role in @entity157 formation of @entity1 .

title: XXXX formation in ddY @entity19 with chronic schistosomiasis japonica.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatoma']


abstract: Three hundred and ninety-five four-week-old SPF female ddY @entity19 were each exposed to 5 or 6 cercariae of @entity2042 (Japanese strain) on their shaved abdomens and were maintained in a conditioned clean environment and fed on sterilized food and water. Fecal examinations at 8 to 10 weeks postinfection (PI) revealed 169 @entity19 to be infected. More than half of them died within 30 weeks PI and 70 @entity19 that survived to the 50th week PI were sacrificed. At autopsy, we could find no schistosome eggs in the liver or intestinal wall of 9 @entity19 , and they were excluded. Out of 61 @entity19 which showed @entity2043 eggs in their livers, 48 had single or multiple @entity157 , while no @entity5 was observed in the livers of the 60 control @entity19 . The @entity5 were yellowish-white in color with distinct boundaries and the centers of the @entity5 were @entity308 in some cases. The size of the @entity5 varied from 1 to 20 mm in diameter. Most of the @entity5 retained the normal trabecular pattern, but in some cases the trabeculae were thickened, having wide vascular spaces. The @entity5 cells were PAS-negative and showed varieties of pleomorphism. The sizes of cells and nuclei varied greatly. These findings suggested some causal relationship between @entity2043 @entity281 and the @entity157 formation in the host's liver. In the chronic course of @entity2040 japonica in the endemic areas, @entity2043 @entity281 probably plays a role in @entity157 formation of @entity1 .

title: @entity157 formation in ddY XXXX with chronic schistosomiasis japonica.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway of cellular components that displays antiinflammatory properties in macrophages. Macrophages are critically involved in @entity7009 by releasing mediators that promote hepatocyte apoptosis, contribute to inflammatory cell recruitment and activation of hepatic fibrogenic cells. Here, we investigated whether macrophage autophagy may protect against @entity7009 . Experiments were performed in @entity19 with mutations in the autophagy gene @entity15254 in the myeloid lineage ( @entity15254 (fl/fl) @entity30562 -Cre @entity19 , referred to as @entity15254 (-/-)) and their wild-type ( @entity15254 (fl/fl), referred to as WT) littermates. @entity1575 was induced by repeated intraperitoneal injection of @entity4314 . In vitro studies were performed in cultures or co-cultures of peritoneal macrophages with hepatic myofibroblasts. As compared to WT littermates, @entity15254 (-/-) @entity19 exposed to chronic @entity4314 administration displayed higher hepatic levels of @entity634 and @entity635 and enhanced inflammatory cell recruitment associated with exacerbated @entity99 . In addition, @entity15254 (-/-) @entity19 were more susceptible to @entity1575 , as shown by enhanced matrix and fibrogenic cell accumulation. Macrophages from @entity15254 (-/-) @entity19 secreted higher levels of reactive @entity26 species (ROS)-induced @entity634 and @entity635 . Moreover, hepatic myofibroblasts exposed to the conditioned medium of macrophages from @entity15254 (-/-) @entity19 showed increased profibrogenic gene expression; this effect was blunted when neutralizing @entity634 and @entity635 in the conditioned medium of @entity15254 (-/-) macrophages. Finally, administration of recombinant @entity18995 ( @entity18995 ) to @entity4314 -exposed @entity15254 (-/-) @entity19 blunted @entity99 and @entity82 , identifying @entity634 as central mediators in the deleterious effects of macrophage autophagy invalidation. These results uncover macrophage autophagy as a novel antiinflammatory pathway regulating @entity1575 .

title: Macrophage autophagy protects against XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7009 :: ('MESH:D056487', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'Liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity18995 :: ('16181(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 1 receptor antagonist', 'IL1RN']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway of cellular components that displays antiinflammatory properties in macrophages. Macrophages are critically involved in @entity7009 by releasing mediators that promote hepatocyte apoptosis, contribute to inflammatory cell recruitment and activation of hepatic fibrogenic cells. Here, we investigated whether macrophage autophagy may protect against @entity7009 . Experiments were performed in @entity19 with mutations in the autophagy gene @entity15254 in the myeloid lineage ( @entity15254 (fl/fl) @entity30562 -Cre @entity19 , referred to as @entity15254 (-/-)) and their wild-type ( @entity15254 (fl/fl), referred to as WT) littermates. @entity1575 was induced by repeated intraperitoneal injection of @entity4314 . In vitro studies were performed in cultures or co-cultures of peritoneal macrophages with hepatic myofibroblasts. As compared to WT littermates, @entity15254 (-/-) @entity19 exposed to chronic @entity4314 administration displayed higher hepatic levels of @entity634 and @entity635 and enhanced inflammatory cell recruitment associated with exacerbated @entity99 . In addition, @entity15254 (-/-) @entity19 were more susceptible to @entity1575 , as shown by enhanced matrix and fibrogenic cell accumulation. Macrophages from @entity15254 (-/-) @entity19 secreted higher levels of reactive @entity26 species (ROS)-induced @entity634 and @entity635 . Moreover, hepatic myofibroblasts exposed to the conditioned medium of macrophages from @entity15254 (-/-) @entity19 showed increased profibrogenic gene expression; this effect was blunted when neutralizing @entity634 and @entity635 in the conditioned medium of @entity15254 (-/-) macrophages. Finally, administration of recombinant @entity18995 ( @entity18995 ) to @entity4314 -exposed @entity15254 (-/-) @entity19 blunted @entity99 and @entity82 , identifying @entity634 as central mediators in the deleterious effects of macrophage autophagy invalidation. These results uncover macrophage autophagy as a novel antiinflammatory pathway regulating @entity1575 .

title: Macrophage autophagy protects against @entity1575 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: One hundred eighty-seven @entity1 between 13 and 49 years of age had ovarian function evaluated from 1 to 15 years (median, 4) after marrow transplant for @entity2150 or @entity1778 . Among 43 @entity1 transplanted for @entity2150 following 200 mg/kg @entity786 ( @entity49844 ), all 27 less than 26 years of age, but only five of 16 greater than 26 years of age recovered normal ovarian function. Nine of the 43 have had 12 pregnancies, resulting in eight live births, and two elective and two spontaneous abortions. All eight @entity1 are normal. Nine of 144 @entity1 transplanted for @entity1778 following 120 mg/kg @entity49844 and 9.20 to 15.75 Gy @entity348 ( @entity348 ) recovered ovarian function. Two of these nine have had three pregnancies, resulting in two spontaneous and one elective abortion. The probability of having @entity2670 was 0.35 by 7 years for @entity1 receiving @entity49844 alone and was 1.00 at 1 year for @entity1 receiving @entity49844 plus @entity348 (P less than .0001). By 7 years after transplant the probabilities of having normal ovarian function were 0.92 after @entity49844 alone and 0.24 after @entity49844 plus @entity348 (P less than .0001). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity348 was the only factor significantly influencing @entity2670 and that both @entity348 and greater @entity1 age at transplant were significantly associated with a decreased probability of recovering normal ovarian function. These data demonstrate that after high-dose @entity49844 , recovery of ovarian function occurs in younger @entity1 and in a minority of older @entity1 , but after @entity49844 and @entity348 , recovery occurs in only a few younger @entity1 and none of the older @entity1 .

title: Ovarian function following marrow transplantation for XXXX or @entity1778 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: One hundred eighty-seven @entity1 between 13 and 49 years of age had ovarian function evaluated from 1 to 15 years (median, 4) after marrow transplant for @entity2150 or @entity1778 . Among 43 @entity1 transplanted for @entity2150 following 200 mg/kg @entity786 ( @entity49844 ), all 27 less than 26 years of age, but only five of 16 greater than 26 years of age recovered normal ovarian function. Nine of the 43 have had 12 pregnancies, resulting in eight live births, and two elective and two spontaneous abortions. All eight @entity1 are normal. Nine of 144 @entity1 transplanted for @entity1778 following 120 mg/kg @entity49844 and 9.20 to 15.75 Gy @entity348 ( @entity348 ) recovered ovarian function. Two of these nine have had three pregnancies, resulting in two spontaneous and one elective abortion. The probability of having @entity2670 was 0.35 by 7 years for @entity1 receiving @entity49844 alone and was 1.00 at 1 year for @entity1 receiving @entity49844 plus @entity348 (P less than .0001). By 7 years after transplant the probabilities of having normal ovarian function were 0.92 after @entity49844 alone and 0.24 after @entity49844 plus @entity348 (P less than .0001). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity348 was the only factor significantly influencing @entity2670 and that both @entity348 and greater @entity1 age at transplant were significantly associated with a decreased probability of recovering normal ovarian function. These data demonstrate that after high-dose @entity49844 , recovery of ovarian function occurs in younger @entity1 and in a minority of older @entity1 , but after @entity49844 and @entity348 , recovery occurs in only a few younger @entity1 and none of the older @entity1 .

title: Ovarian function following marrow transplantation for @entity2150 or XXXX .

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This observer-blind study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01462357) compared the immunogenicity and safety of 2 doses of the @entity1799 /18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine ( @entity1799 /18(2D)) vs. 2 or 3 doses of the HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine (HPV-6/11/16/18(2D) and HPV-6/11/16/18(3D)) in healthy @entity1 aged 9-14 y. @entity1 were randomized (1:1:1) to receive @entity1799 /18(2D) at months (M) 0,6 (N = 359), HPV-6/11/16/18(2D) at M0,6 (N = 358) or HPV-6/11/16/18(3D) at M0,2,6 (N = 358). The primary objective was non-inferiority/superiority of HPV-16/18 antibodies by ELISA for @entity1799 /18(2D) vs. HPV-6/11/16/18(2D) at M7 in the according-to-protocol immunogenicity cohort ( @entity855 -I) and total vaccinated cohort, respectively. Secondary objectives included non-inferiority/superiority of @entity1799 /18(2D) vs. HPV-6/11/16/18(3D) at M7, non-inferiority/superiority at M12, @entity1799 /18 neutralizing antibodies, frequencies of T-cells/B-cells, reactogenicity and safety. Antibody responses at M7 for @entity1799 /18(2D) were superior to those for HPV-6/11/16/18(2D) and HPV-6/11/16/18(3D) (lower limit of 95% confidence interval for geometric mean titer ratio (GMR) was >1): @entity1799 /18(2D)/HPV-6/11/16/18(2D) GMRs were 1.69 [1.49-1.91] for anti-HPV-16 and 4.52 [3.97-5.13] for anti-HPV-18; @entity1799 /18(2D)/HPV-6/11/16/18(3D) GMRs were 1.72 [1.54-1.93] for anti-HPV-16 and 3.22 [2.82-3.68] for anti-HPV-18; p = 0.0001 for all comparisons. Non-inferiority/superiority was also demonstrated at M12. Among initially seronegative @entity1 in the @entity855 -I, neutralizing antibody titers were at least 1.8-fold higher for @entity1799 /18(2D) vs. HPV-6/11/16/18(2D) and HPV-6/11/16/18(3D) at M7 and M12. Frequencies of @entity1799 /18-specific T-cells and B-cells were in similar ranges between groups. Reactogenicity and safety were in line with the known profile of each vaccine. In conclusion, superior HPV-16/18 antibody responses were elicited by 2 doses of the @entity1799 /18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine compared with 2 or 3 doses of the HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine in @entity1 (9-14  years).

title: Comparative immunogenicity and safety of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine and HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine administered according to 2- and 3-dose schedules in XXXX aged 9-14  years: Results to month 12 from a randomized trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coagulation factor (F) @entity2244 is associated with a @entity548 tendency of variable severity, but phenotype determinants are largely unknown. Recently, we have shown that three @entity1 with undetectable plasma FV and mild @entity548 symptoms had sufficient residual platelet FV to support @entity556 generation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Therefore, we hypothesized that @entity942 @entity1 with severe @entity548 manifestations may lack platelet FV. OBJECTIVES: To characterize a @entity942 @entity1 with a severe @entity548 diathesis. @entity1 /METHODS: We performed FV mutation screening and functional studies in a 31-year-old male (FV:C < 1%) with umbilical @entity548 at birth, recurrent @entity5631 and @entity121 , and a recent @entity932 . RESULTS: The proband was homozygous for a deep-intronic mutation (F5 @entity73113 ) causing the inclusion of a pseudo-exon with an in-frame stop codon in the mature F5 mRNA. Although platelet FV antigen was detectable by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting, no FV activity could be demonstrated in the proband's plasma or platelets with a prothrombinase-based assay. Moreover, no @entity556 generation was observed in PRP triggered with 1-50 pm tissue factor (even in the presence of platelet agonists), whereas an acquired FV inhibitor was excluded. Clot formation in the proband's whole blood, as assessed by thromboelastometry, was markedly delayed but not abolished. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a pathogenic deep-intronic mutation in the F5 gene. Our findings indicate that the minimal FV requirement for viability is extremely low and suggest that @entity556 generation in PRP may predict @entity548 tendency in @entity1 with undetectable plasma FV.

title: Homozygous F5 deep-intronic splicing mutation resulting in severe factor V deficiency and undetectable XXXX generation in platelet-rich plasma.

entities_list: @entity2244 :: ('MESH:C537005', 'Disease') :: ['V deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hematomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5631 :: ('MESH:D006395', 'Disease') :: ['hemarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['FV-deficient']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Growing interest in multimorbidity is observable in industrialized countries. For Germany, the increasing attention still goes still hand in hand with a small number of studies on multimorbidity. The authors report the first results of a cross-sectional study on a large sample of policy holders (n = 123,224) of a statutory health insurance company operating nationwide. This is the first comprehensive study addressing multimorbidity on the basis of German claims data. The main research question was to find out which @entity102 and disease combinations are specific to multimorbidity in the elderly. METHODS: The study is based on the claims data of all insured policy holders aged 65 and older (n = 123,224). Adjustment for age and gender was performed for the German population in 2004. A @entity1 was defined as multimorbid if she/he had at least 3 diagnoses out of a list of 46 chronic conditions in three or more quarters within the one-year observation period. Prevalences and risk-ratios were calculated for the multimorbid and non-multimorbid samples in order to identify diagnoses more specific to multimorbidity and to detect excess prevalences of multimorbidity patterns. RESULTS: 62% of the sample was multimorbid. @entity1 in general and @entity1 receiving statutory nursing care due to disability are overrepresented in the multimorbid sample. Out of the possible 15,180 combinations of three chronic conditions, 15,024 (99%) were found in the database. Regardless of this wide variety of combinations, the most prevalent individual chronic conditions do also dominate the combinations: Triads of the six most prevalent individual chronic conditions ( @entity101 , @entity4977 , @entity1643 , @entity6 , @entity571 and @entity741 ) span the disease spectrum of 42% of the multimorbid sample. Gender differences were minor. Observed-to-expected ratios were highest when @entity10043 / @entity7391 metabolism disorders/ @entity210 and @entity571 were part of the multimorbidity patterns. CONCLUSIONS: The above list of dominating chronic conditions and their combinations could present a pragmatic start for the development of needed guidelines related to multimorbidity.

title: Which XXXX and disease combinations are specific to multimorbidity in the elderly? Results of a claims data based cross-sectional study in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid metabolism disorders']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the level and cost of unscheduled health care resource use in adults and @entity1 across all @entity565 symptom severities in Latin America. METHODS: The level and cost of health care resource use were analysed for 2074 @entity1 with @entity565 included in the Asthma Insights and Reality in Latin America (AIRLA) survey from 10 Latin American countries. Health care resource use was multiplied by country-specific unit costs to estimate average per- @entity1 annual costs. @entity1 were classified as adults (> or = 16 years) or @entity1 (<16 years), with disease severity categorized using a symptom severity index. RESULTS: Persistent @entity565 symptoms were experienced by 53.1% of @entity1 (50.1% of @entity1 and 54.6% of adults). In the year preceding the survey, 57.1% of @entity1 required unscheduled health care resource use and 45.1% reported at least 1 emergency hospital contact. The percentage of @entity1 reporting unscheduled health care resource use was greatest amongst those with severe persistent symptoms (71.9%) but it was also high in those with mild intermittent symptoms (45.7%). An average of 73.2% of annual costs of @entity565 -related health care for the 10 countries was due to unscheduled health care. Expenditure on unscheduled care was greatest amongst both adults and @entity1 with severe persistent @entity565 symptoms (US  558 and US  769, respectively). Adults and @entity1 with mild intermittent symptoms also incurred considerable unscheduled costs (US  204 and US  215, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Poorly controlled @entity565 imposes a considerable cost burden driven by unscheduled health care resource use in Latin America. Treatments to control @entity565 and reduce the need for unscheduled health care could reduce this cost in both adults and @entity1 .

title: The burden of unscheduled health care for XXXX in Latin America.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Somatic symptoms often co-occur with @entity1109 but this overlap is poorly understood. Some aspects of this overlap differ in the South Asian context, but it is not clear whether this is a reporting effect or an underlying difference in experienced @entity221 . METHODS: Home interviews were administered to 4,024 twins randomly selected from a population-based twin register in the Colombo district of @entity3595 Lanka (the CoTASS study). These included assessments of psychological, @entity5815 . The data were analyzed using factor analytic and quantitative genetic approaches. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the symptoms from the three scales represented three separate dimensions, rather than all tapping into a single dimension. However, familial correlations among the data were most consistent with a common pathway model. This implies that a portion of the underlying vulnerability is common across @entity5815 . There were sex differences in the etiology of this model, with shared environmental and genetic influences playing different roles in @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: There is a complex etiological relationship between @entity5815 . This is similar in @entity3595 Lanka to Western countries, but there may be a greater influence from the family environment, suggesting that care needs to be taken when generalizing research findings between countries. @entity1 who complain of certain @entity1295 or somatic symptoms may well also have @entity1109 , or may have genetic or environmental vulnerabilities to such problems.

title: Genetic and environmental contributions to the overlap between XXXX : a twin study in @entity3595 Lanka.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['somatic and fatigue symptoms', 'psychological, fatigue and somatic symptoms']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['psychological, fatigue and somatic symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Somatic symptoms often co-occur with @entity1109 but this overlap is poorly understood. Some aspects of this overlap differ in the South Asian context, but it is not clear whether this is a reporting effect or an underlying difference in experienced @entity221 . METHODS: Home interviews were administered to 4,024 twins randomly selected from a population-based twin register in the Colombo district of @entity3595 Lanka (the CoTASS study). These included assessments of psychological, @entity5815 . The data were analyzed using factor analytic and quantitative genetic approaches. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the symptoms from the three scales represented three separate dimensions, rather than all tapping into a single dimension. However, familial correlations among the data were most consistent with a common pathway model. This implies that a portion of the underlying vulnerability is common across @entity5815 . There were sex differences in the etiology of this model, with shared environmental and genetic influences playing different roles in @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: There is a complex etiological relationship between @entity5815 . This is similar in @entity3595 Lanka to Western countries, but there may be a greater influence from the family environment, suggesting that care needs to be taken when generalizing research findings between countries. @entity1 who complain of certain @entity1295 or somatic symptoms may well also have @entity1109 , or may have genetic or environmental vulnerabilities to such problems.

title: Genetic and environmental contributions to the overlap between @entity5815 : a twin study in XXXX Lanka.

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the long-term outcomes of a single-center prospective study investigating primary placement of @entity2239 -eluting metal stents for recanalization of long infrapopliteal lesions compared to a matched historical control group treated with @entity661 and provisional placement of bare metal stents in a bailout manner. METHODS: The study included 81 @entity1 (63 @entity1 ; mean age 71 years, range 45-85) suffering from @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and angiographically proven long-segment (at least 1 lesion >4.5 cm) de novo infrapopliteal artery disease who underwent below-the-knee revascularization with either primary placement of @entity2239 -eluting stents (n = 47, 51 limbs, 102 lesions) or angioplasty and bailout bare metal stenting (n = 34, 36 limbs, 72 lesions). Clinical and angiographic follow-up was collected at regular time intervals. Primary clinical and angiographic endpoints included @entity1 survival, major amputation-free survival, angiographic primary patency, @entity256 (>50%), and overall event-free survival. Results were stratified according to endovascular treatment received. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was applied to adjust for confounding factors of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Baseline demographics were well matched. No significant differences were identified between the 2 groups with regard to overall 3-year @entity1 survival (82.2% versus 65.7%; p = 0.90) and amputation-free survival (77.1% versus 86.9%; p = 0.20). Up to 3 years, lesions fully covered with @entity2239 -eluting stents were associated with significantly higher primary patency [hazard ratio (HR) 7.98, 95% CI 3.69 to 17.25, p < 0.0001], reduced binary restenosis (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.74 to 4.99, p < 0.0001), and improved overall event-free survival (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.13, p = 0.015) versus the matched historical control group. CONCLUSION: Primary infrapopliteal @entity2239 -eluting stenting for @entity63 treatment significantly inhibits restenosis and improves long-term angiographic patency and overall @entity1 event-free survival compared to balloon angioplasty and bailout bare metal stenting.

title: Primary XXXX -eluting stenting versus balloon angioplasty with bailout bare metal stenting of long infrapopliteal lesions for treatment of @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic binary restenosis']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['plain balloon angioplasty']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the long-term outcomes of a single-center prospective study investigating primary placement of @entity2239 -eluting metal stents for recanalization of long infrapopliteal lesions compared to a matched historical control group treated with @entity661 and provisional placement of bare metal stents in a bailout manner. METHODS: The study included 81 @entity1 (63 @entity1 ; mean age 71 years, range 45-85) suffering from @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and angiographically proven long-segment (at least 1 lesion >4.5 cm) de novo infrapopliteal artery disease who underwent below-the-knee revascularization with either primary placement of @entity2239 -eluting stents (n = 47, 51 limbs, 102 lesions) or angioplasty and bailout bare metal stenting (n = 34, 36 limbs, 72 lesions). Clinical and angiographic follow-up was collected at regular time intervals. Primary clinical and angiographic endpoints included @entity1 survival, major amputation-free survival, angiographic primary patency, @entity256 (>50%), and overall event-free survival. Results were stratified according to endovascular treatment received. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was applied to adjust for confounding factors of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Baseline demographics were well matched. No significant differences were identified between the 2 groups with regard to overall 3-year @entity1 survival (82.2% versus 65.7%; p = 0.90) and amputation-free survival (77.1% versus 86.9%; p = 0.20). Up to 3 years, lesions fully covered with @entity2239 -eluting stents were associated with significantly higher primary patency [hazard ratio (HR) 7.98, 95% CI 3.69 to 17.25, p < 0.0001], reduced binary restenosis (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.74 to 4.99, p < 0.0001), and improved overall event-free survival (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.13, p = 0.015) versus the matched historical control group. CONCLUSION: Primary infrapopliteal @entity2239 -eluting stenting for @entity63 treatment significantly inhibits restenosis and improves long-term angiographic patency and overall @entity1 event-free survival compared to balloon angioplasty and bailout bare metal stenting.

title: Primary @entity2239 -eluting stenting versus balloon angioplasty with bailout bare metal stenting of long infrapopliteal lesions for treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischemia']


abstract: A total of 101 @entity1 (total group) with primary large angle @entity5971 who had primary bimedial rectus recession (BMR) of 6.5 mm or more were reviewed in a retrospective study. The average pre-operative size of the deviation was 63.5 prism diopters (PD) for near and 58.2 PD for distance. Of these, 26 @entity1 (group I) attended for one post-operative visit only. The remaining 75 @entity1 (group II) were followed for an average period of 17.7 months. Among group II @entity1 there was an average shift in the post-operative deviation towards divergence consisting of-6.4 PD for near and-5.5 PD for distance. The alignment (deviation of 10 PD or below) rate in the first postoperative visit was 31.7%; undercorrection was 60.4% and overcorrection was 7.9%. At the end of the period of follow-up the above rates were 40%, 42.7%, and 17.3% respectively without further surgery. This increase in the overcorrection rate was solely derived from the initially aligned @entity1 . @entity4457 and/or poor fixation were found to be of significance in the production of overcorrection. There was no direct relationship between the age of surgery, duration of follow-up or the degree of the BMR and the rate of correction. Among group II @entity1 , post-operative ocular movements analysis revealed limitation of adduction of-0.5 to-0.75 (out of scale 0 to-4.00) in 22.7% (17/75) and-1.00 to-1.50 in 6.7% (5/75). None had more than-1.5 limitation of adduction. Large BMR is an acceptable surgical modality for the management of large angle @entity5971 . It has approximately 50% alignment rate. Slight undercorrection is recommended especially in the presence of significant @entity4457 and/or poor fixation. No significant limitation of adduction was encountered.

title: Original papers: Large bimedial rectus recession (6.5 mm or more) in the management of large-angle XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['Amblyopia', 'amblyopia']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']


abstract: The value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with multiechoes spin-echo sequences was investigated in 22 @entity1 with @entity384 (group I) and 25 normal subjects serving as controls (group II). The results of MRI in group I were compared with those of echocardiography and radionuclide ventriculography. Measurements of left ventricular dimensions at echography and MRI showed a tendency, with MRI, to overestimate wall thickness and underestimate ventricular diameter. Thus, for diastolic LV we had 63.8 +/- 10.5 mm with MRI vs 70.6 +/- 7.6 mm with echography, the corresponding figures for posterior wall thickness being 112 +/- 1.4 mm vs 9.9 +/- 1.1 mm respectively. These differences seem to be due to MRI introducing a partial volume effect dependent on the thickness of slices and of their orientation in relation to the @entity299 . MRI evaluation of left ventricular function by calculation of myocardial fibre shortening fractions correlated poorly with the echocardiographic value of the same parameter and with the radionuclide ejection fraction (r = 0.58 and 0.575 respectively; p less than 0.05). For better quantification of the cardiac pump function, planimetry of the endocardial contour during diastole and systole is required. It would seem that the value of MRI resides in the possibility it offers to explore left intraventricular haemodynamics by studying the "flow signal" obtainable from multiechoes sequences at different moments of the cardiac cycle. During systole, we found a left intraventricular signal that was reinforced on even echoes and much more intense in @entity296 @entity1 (scores = 1.61 +/- 1.06) than in controls (score = 0.77 +/- 0.7; p less than 0.01). The intensity score for this signal correlated with the ejection fraction in group I subjects (r = 0.82).

title: [Value of nuclear magnetic resonance in XXXX . Approach to intraventricular hemodynamics].

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac axis']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: The epidemiological and clinical features of @entity2025 in 108 @entity1 were studied. Of these, 69 (64%) were aged 15 or over and only eight (7%) were under the age of 5. @entity1729 was found in 38 (35%) @entity1 and @entity74 such as mild malaise, fever, and aching in 34 (31%) @entity1 . Common symptoms were redness, watering, discharge, @entity111 , irritation, and lid swelling, whereas @entity158 , @entity3917 , lid vesicles and @entity1066 , and @entity227 were less frequent. The major signs consisted of vesicles and @entity1066 on the lids, papillary responses which were more severe in the upper lid conjunctiva, follicles which were more common in the lower lid conjunctiva, fine and coarse @entity1036 , and @entity1036 . @entity1066 and @entity1036 were found in 16 (15%) and two (2%) @entity1 respectively. The clinical forms of @entity2025 varied. Moderate or severe disease was observed in 41 (38%) and 16 (15%) @entity1 respectively. In eight (7%) @entity1 the disease presented as an @entity5518 without characteristic lid or corneal lesions. A chronic blepharoconjunctivitis which lasted for months developed in 16 (15%) @entity1 . The epidemiological and clinical features in our @entity1 were compared with features of the disease reported previously.

title: Epidemiological and clinical features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['disciform keratitis', 'subepithelial punctate keratitis', 'epithelial punctate keratitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['Dendritic ulcers', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity5518 :: ('MESH:D003232', 'Disease') :: ['acute follicular conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Associated upper respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['primary herpes simplex virus ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity2025 :: (MESH:D020031,Disease) :: ['primary herpes simplex virus ocular infection']


abstract: @entity116 toxin and Fragment B from @entity116 toxin were assayed for activity on the @entity19 phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation. Both molecules produced blockade of neuromuscular transmission, but the parent molecule was at least two orders of magnitude more potent than the fragment. Experiments were done to determine whether the @entity137 attributed to Fragment B was authentic or due to contamination with the parent molecule. Analysis of the fragment by high-performance liquid chromatography and by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis in the presence of @entity3208 revealed trace contamination. Removal of the major contaminant (1-2%) did not abolish @entity137 of the material. However, in pharmacological experiments with native toxin and its fragment, the latter behaved indistinguishably from the former. At equiactive concentrations, both were antagonized by @entity2195 and both were antagonized by lysosomotropic agents ( @entity5819 and @entity8776 ). In addition, monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes in @entity2195 neutralized both native toxin and the material presumed to be Fragment B. The studies with antagonists and antibodies suggest that the @entity137 apparently associated with Fragment B was in fact due to trace contamination with the parent molecule. In experiments on planar lipid bilayers, Fragment B formed pH-dependent channels. This activity was not abolished by monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes in @entity2195 . The data indicate that Fragment B retains the ability to form channels in membranes, but in the absence of @entity2195 it retains little ability to paralyze neuromuscular transmission.

title: Neuropharmacological characterization of fragment B from XXXX toxin.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity8776 :: ('MESH:C027451', 'Chemical') :: ['methylamine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity5819 :: ('MESH:D000643', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2690 resistance is a common risk factor in @entity740 @entity1 contributing to the high cardiovascular burden, even in the absence of @entity6 . @entity413 -based @entity298 ( @entity298 ) solutions are thought to intensify @entity2690 resistance due to the continuous @entity413 absorption from the peritoneal cavity. The aim of our study was to analyse the effect of the substitution of @entity413 for @entity25508 on @entity2690 resistance in @entity6 @entity1 in a multicentric randomized clinical trial. METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label study with balanced randomization (1:1) and two parallel-groups. Inclusion criteria were non- @entity6 adult @entity1 on automated @entity298 (APD) for at least 3 months on therapy prior to randomization. @entity1 assigned to the intervention group were treated with 2L of icodextrin 7.5%, and the control group with @entity413 2.5% during the long dwell and, at night in the cycler, with a prescription of standard @entity413 -based @entity298 solution only in both groups. The primary end-point was the change in @entity2690 resistance measured by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index at 90 days. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 were included in the intervention (n = 33) or the control (n = 27) groups. There was no difference between groups at baseline. After adjustment for pre-intervention HOMA index levels, the group treated with icodextrin had the lower post-intervention levels at 90 days in both intention to treat [1.49 (95% CI: 1.23-1.74) versus 1.89 (95% CI: 1.62-2.17)], (F = 4.643, P = 0.03, partial   (2) = 0.078); and the treated analysis [1.47 (95% CI: 1.01-1.84) versus 2.18 (95% CI: 1.81-2.55)], (F = 7.488, P = 0.01, partial   (2) = 0.195). CONCLUSIONS: The substitution of @entity413 for icodextrin for the long dwell improved @entity2690 resistance measured by HOMA index in non- @entity6 APD @entity1 .

title: Icodextrin reduces @entity2690 resistance in non- @entity6 @entity1 undergoing automated XXXX : results of a randomized controlled trial (STARCH).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity25508 :: ('MESH:C105834', 'Chemical') :: ['icodextrin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['non-diabetic PD', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2690 resistance is a common risk factor in @entity740 @entity1 contributing to the high cardiovascular burden, even in the absence of @entity6 . @entity413 -based @entity298 ( @entity298 ) solutions are thought to intensify @entity2690 resistance due to the continuous @entity413 absorption from the peritoneal cavity. The aim of our study was to analyse the effect of the substitution of @entity413 for @entity25508 on @entity2690 resistance in @entity6 @entity1 in a multicentric randomized clinical trial. METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label study with balanced randomization (1:1) and two parallel-groups. Inclusion criteria were non- @entity6 adult @entity1 on automated @entity298 (APD) for at least 3 months on therapy prior to randomization. @entity1 assigned to the intervention group were treated with 2L of icodextrin 7.5%, and the control group with @entity413 2.5% during the long dwell and, at night in the cycler, with a prescription of standard @entity413 -based @entity298 solution only in both groups. The primary end-point was the change in @entity2690 resistance measured by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index at 90 days. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 were included in the intervention (n = 33) or the control (n = 27) groups. There was no difference between groups at baseline. After adjustment for pre-intervention HOMA index levels, the group treated with icodextrin had the lower post-intervention levels at 90 days in both intention to treat [1.49 (95% CI: 1.23-1.74) versus 1.89 (95% CI: 1.62-2.17)], (F = 4.643, P = 0.03, partial   (2) = 0.078); and the treated analysis [1.47 (95% CI: 1.01-1.84) versus 2.18 (95% CI: 1.81-2.55)], (F = 7.488, P = 0.01, partial   (2) = 0.195). CONCLUSIONS: The substitution of @entity413 for icodextrin for the long dwell improved @entity2690 resistance measured by HOMA index in non- @entity6 APD @entity1 .

title: Icodextrin reduces @entity2690 resistance in non- XXXX @entity1 undergoing automated @entity298 : results of a randomized controlled trial (STARCH).

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2690 resistance is a common risk factor in @entity740 @entity1 contributing to the high cardiovascular burden, even in the absence of @entity6 . @entity413 -based @entity298 ( @entity298 ) solutions are thought to intensify @entity2690 resistance due to the continuous @entity413 absorption from the peritoneal cavity. The aim of our study was to analyse the effect of the substitution of @entity413 for @entity25508 on @entity2690 resistance in @entity6 @entity1 in a multicentric randomized clinical trial. METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label study with balanced randomization (1:1) and two parallel-groups. Inclusion criteria were non- @entity6 adult @entity1 on automated @entity298 (APD) for at least 3 months on therapy prior to randomization. @entity1 assigned to the intervention group were treated with 2L of icodextrin 7.5%, and the control group with @entity413 2.5% during the long dwell and, at night in the cycler, with a prescription of standard @entity413 -based @entity298 solution only in both groups. The primary end-point was the change in @entity2690 resistance measured by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index at 90 days. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 were included in the intervention (n = 33) or the control (n = 27) groups. There was no difference between groups at baseline. After adjustment for pre-intervention HOMA index levels, the group treated with icodextrin had the lower post-intervention levels at 90 days in both intention to treat [1.49 (95% CI: 1.23-1.74) versus 1.89 (95% CI: 1.62-2.17)], (F = 4.643, P = 0.03, partial   (2) = 0.078); and the treated analysis [1.47 (95% CI: 1.01-1.84) versus 2.18 (95% CI: 1.81-2.55)], (F = 7.488, P = 0.01, partial   (2) = 0.195). CONCLUSIONS: The substitution of @entity413 for icodextrin for the long dwell improved @entity2690 resistance measured by HOMA index in non- @entity6 APD @entity1 .

title: Icodextrin reduces XXXX resistance in non- @entity6 @entity1 undergoing automated @entity298 : results of a randomized controlled trial (STARCH).

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2690 resistance is a common risk factor in @entity740 @entity1 contributing to the high cardiovascular burden, even in the absence of @entity6 . @entity413 -based @entity298 ( @entity298 ) solutions are thought to intensify @entity2690 resistance due to the continuous @entity413 absorption from the peritoneal cavity. The aim of our study was to analyse the effect of the substitution of @entity413 for @entity25508 on @entity2690 resistance in @entity6 @entity1 in a multicentric randomized clinical trial. METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label study with balanced randomization (1:1) and two parallel-groups. Inclusion criteria were non- @entity6 adult @entity1 on automated @entity298 (APD) for at least 3 months on therapy prior to randomization. @entity1 assigned to the intervention group were treated with 2L of icodextrin 7.5%, and the control group with @entity413 2.5% during the long dwell and, at night in the cycler, with a prescription of standard @entity413 -based @entity298 solution only in both groups. The primary end-point was the change in @entity2690 resistance measured by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index at 90 days. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 were included in the intervention (n = 33) or the control (n = 27) groups. There was no difference between groups at baseline. After adjustment for pre-intervention HOMA index levels, the group treated with icodextrin had the lower post-intervention levels at 90 days in both intention to treat [1.49 (95% CI: 1.23-1.74) versus 1.89 (95% CI: 1.62-2.17)], (F = 4.643, P = 0.03, partial   (2) = 0.078); and the treated analysis [1.47 (95% CI: 1.01-1.84) versus 2.18 (95% CI: 1.81-2.55)], (F = 7.488, P = 0.01, partial   (2) = 0.195). CONCLUSIONS: The substitution of @entity413 for icodextrin for the long dwell improved @entity2690 resistance measured by HOMA index in non- @entity6 APD @entity1 .

title: Icodextrin reduces @entity2690 resistance in non- @entity6 XXXX undergoing automated @entity298 : results of a randomized controlled trial (STARCH).

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We present the crystal structure and biochemical characterisation of @entity526 YbiB, a member of the hitherto uncharacterized TrpD2 protein family. Our results demonstrate that the functional diversity of proteins with a common fold can be far greater than predictable by computational annotation. The TrpD2 proteins show high structural homology to @entity19727 phosphoribosyltransferase (TrpD) and @entity8742 phosphorylase class II enzymes, but bind with high affinity ( @entity4561 = 10-100 nM) to nucleic acids without detectable sequence specificity. The difference in affinity between single and double stranded DNA is minor. Results suggest that multiple YbiB molecules bind to one longer DNA molecule in a cooperative manner. The YbiB protein is a homodimer that, therefore, has two electropositive DNA binding grooves. But due to negative cooperativity within the dimer, only one groove binds DNA in in vitro experiments. A monomerised variant remains able to bind DNA with similar affinity, but the negative cooperative effect is eliminated. The ybiB gene forms an operon with the @entity73114 gene dinG and is under LexA control, being induced by DNA damaging agents. Thus, speculatively, the TrpD2 proteins may be part of the LexA-controlled SOS response in bacteria.

title: YbiB from XXXX - the defining member of the novel TrpD2 family of prokaryotic DNA binding proteins.

entities_list: @entity19727 :: ('MESH:C031385', 'Chemical') :: ['anthranilate']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']