abstract: @entity15513 provided a survival advantage compared with @entity2664 in @entity1 with castration-resistant @entity263 refractory to @entity1205 . Grade 3 to 4 (G3-4) @entity1398 and @entity1398 were relatively frequent in the registrative @entity72837 Plus @entity229 Compared to @entity2664 Plus @entity229 in Hormone Refractory Metastatic @entity263 (TROPIC) trial, but their incidence was lower in the Expanded Access Program (EAP). Although cumulative doses of @entity1205 are associated with @entity16 , the effect of cumulative doses of @entity15513 is unknown. In this retrospective review of prospectively collected data, the authors assessed "per cycle" incidence and predictors of @entity137 in the Italian cohort of the EAP, with a focus on the effect of cumulative doses of @entity15513 .The study population consisted of 218 Italian @entity1 enrolled in the @entity15513 EAP. The influence of selected variables on the most relevant adverse events identified was assessed using a Generalized Estimating Equations model at univariate and multivariate analysis."Per cycle" incidence of G 3 to 4 @entity1398 was 8.7%, whereas @entity1398 was reported in 0.9% of cycles. All events of @entity1398 occurred during the first 3 cycles. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher prior dose of @entity15513 was associated with decreased odds of having G3 to 4 @entity1398 (OR=0.90; 95% CI: 0.86-0.93; P<0.01), @entity1398 (OR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.34-0.81; P<0.01) and G3 to 4 @entity417 (OR=0.93; 95% CI: 0.86-1; P=0.07). @entity1 with a body surface area >2m presented increased odds of having G 3 to 4 @entity1398 (OR=0.93; 95% CI: 0.86-1; P=0.07), but decreased odds of having G3 to 4 @entity417 .Among the @entity137 assessed, the authors did not identify any that appeared to be associated with a higher number of @entity15513 cycles delivered. Prior cumulative dose was associated with reduced G3 to 4 @entity1398 and @entity417 . The apparent protective effect associated with higher doses of @entity15513 is likely to be affected by early dose reduction and early @entity137 -related treatment discontinuation. Because this analysis is limited by its retrospective design, prospective trials are required to assess the optimal duration of @entity15513 treatment.

title: Lack of Cumulative @entity137 Associated With XXXX Use in @entity263 .

answer: @entity15513 :: (MESH:C552428,Chemical) :: ['Cabazitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate ICU utilization and hospital outcomes of oncological @entity1 admitted to a comprehensive @entity5 center. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: The University of Texas @entity601 Anderson @entity5 Center. @entity1 : Consecutive adults with @entity5 discharged over a 20-year period. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The Cochran-Armitage test for trend was used to evaluate ICU utilization and hospital mortality rates by primary service over time. A negative binomial log linear regression model was fitted to the data to investigate length of stay over time. Among 387,306 adult hospitalized @entity1 , the ICU utilization rate was 12.9%. The overall hospital mortality rate was 3.6%: 16.2% among @entity1 with an ICU stay and 1.8% among non-ICU @entity1 . Among those admitted to the ICU, the mean (SD) admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 6.1 (3.8) for all ICU @entity1 : 7.3 (4.4) for medical ICU @entity1 and 4.9 (2.8) for surgical ICU @entity1 . @entity1503 were associated with the highest hospital mortality rate in ICU @entity1 (42.8%); metastatic disease had the highest mortality rate in non-ICU @entity1 (4.2%); @entity295 , @entity55 , and other infections had the highest mortality rate for all inpatients (8.5%). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a longitudinal view of ICU utilization rates, hospital and ICU length of stay, and severity-adjusted mortality rates. Although the data arise from a single institution, it encompasses a large number of hospital admissions over two decades and can serve as a point of comparison for future oncological studies at similar institutions. More studies of this nature are needed to determine whether consolidation of @entity5 care into specialized large-volume facilities may improve outcomes, while simultaneously sustaining appropriate resource utilization and reducing unnecessary healthcare costs.

title: Two Decades of ICU Utilization and Hospital Outcomes in a XXXX Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic disorders']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retinobalstoma, the commonest childhood @entity5 , is usually diagnosed early with over 90% survival rate in developed countries. In developing countries, the diagnosis is late resulting in less than 50% survival. OBJECTIVE: To determine @entity995 stages at presentation and @entity1 ' outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: The clinical and histopathological records of @entity1 with @entity995 seen from May 2004 to December 2005 were studied. Data was analysed for mode of presentation, laterality, clinical staging using Reese-Ellsworth (R-E) classification, @entity154 ( @entity154 ) for @entity3 , and @entity1 outcome. SETTING: Ophthalmology Unit, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 presented with @entity995 over the period. Males were 12(52.2%). The age range from 1 to 84 months, mean 36.3(  22.15) and median (36 months). Nineteen (82.6%) had unilateral and 4(17.4%) bilateral disease. The common clinical presentations were leukocoria in 20(87.0%), proptosis 8(34.8%), strabismus 5(21.7%) and red eye 5(21.7%). The clinical features were commensurate with R-E stage V in 20(87.0%) @entity1 , 2(8.7%) with orbital recurrence and 1(4.3%) with post-enucleation anophthalmos. HHRFs were present in 9(75%) enucleated eyes with invasion of optic nerve as the commonest site (7/9). The @entity1 were followed up for 1 day to 19 months. Eight abandoned treatment, 2 were discharged for palliative treatment, 2 out of 5 with @entity3 died and 6 had no metastases at their last visit. Common sites for @entity3 were the bone marrow, brain and orbit. CONCLUSION: Majority of the @entity1 presented with @entity1442 manifesting as leukocoria, proptosis, RE stages V disease and poor outcome.

title: Presentation of XXXX at a paediatric eye clinic in ghana.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['histopathological high risk features', 'HHRF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant intraocular tumour']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is increasing use of online pharmacies to purchase prescription drugs. While some online pharmacies are legitimate and safe, there are many unsafe and illegal so-called "rogue" online pharmacies. This study investigated the availability of psychotropic drugs online to consumers in the US, using 5 commonly prescribed drugs for @entity162 . METHODS: Using the search term "buy [drug name]" in the Google, Yahoo and @entity6426 , the characteristics of the online pharmacies found on the first two pages of search results were investigated. The availability of the requested dosage and formulations of two brand (Seroquel XR, Abilify) and three generic drugs ( @entity2812 , @entity3486 and @entity752 SR) were determined. RESULTS: Of 30 online pharmacies found, 17 (57%) were rated as rogue by LegitScript. Of the 30 pharmacies, 15 (50%) require a prescription, 21 (70%) claim to be from Canada, with 20 of these having a @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) seal on the website. Only 13 of the 20 sites with a @entity3538 seal were active @entity3538 members. There were about the same number of trust verification seals on the rogue and legitimate pharmacy sites. Some rogue pharmacies are professional in appearance, and may be difficult for consumers to recognize as rogue. All five brand and generic drugs were offered for sale online, with or without a prescription. However, many substitutions were presented such as different strengths and formulations including products not approved by the FDA. LIMITATIONS: No evaluation of product quality, packaging or purchasing. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotropic medications are available online with or without a prescription. The majority of online pharmacy websites were rogue. Physicians should ask about the use of online pharmacies. For those who choose to use online pharmacies, two measures to detect rogue pharmacies are recommended: (1) only purchase drugs from pharmacies that require a prescription, and (2) check all pharmacy verification seals directly on the website of the certifying organization, every time, before purchase.

title: Availability of prescription drugs for XXXX at online pharmacies.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity3486 :: ('MESH:D016651', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['Bing search engines']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['Canadian International Pharmacy association', 'CIPA']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine absconding behaviour (a @entity1 leaving the hospital without permission) in acute and rehabilitation wards of one Australian @entity146 institution to describe the characteristics of the absconding @entity1 and these events. BACKGROUND: Absconding is a significant issue in @entity146 inpatient settings, with risks that include @entity1 harm, aggression and violence. In spite of this, limited research has been conducted in Australia on @entity1 who abscond while receiving @entity146 care. DESIGN: The study was a retrospective descriptive analysis. METHOD: Absconding events from three acute and seven rehabilitation wards over a 12-month period were studied. RESULTS: The rate of absconding events by detained @entity1 was 20.82%. Gender was not significantly associated with absconding, although 61.19% of those who absconded were @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 . Over half of acute care @entity1 who absconded left during their first 21-day detention order. More than half of absconding events were by @entity1 that absconded more than once. There was limited support for the efficacy of locking ward doors. Age and diagnosis emerged as particularly important factors to consider. DISCUSSION: The study revealed that @entity1 are not more likely to abscond than @entity1 , that locking ward doors does not deter the determined absconders and that once a @entity1 has absconded, they are more likely to do so again. Younger @entity1 and those with a @entity161 may be particularly likely to abscond. There also appears to be a link between continuing detention orders and an absconding event. CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide new data about the profile of absconding @entity1 in Australia. Exploration of the reasons why @entity1 abscond and why many do so repeatedly warrants further investigation. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Risk management approaches taking into account factors associated with absconding could be trialled to reduce the incidence of absconding in @entity146 inpatient settings.

title: The profile of absconding XXXX inpatients in Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic disorders', 'schizophrenic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: @entity320 in the esophagus is a rare condition which has been described only occasionally in case reports or in larger series of @entity1 with @entity1208 . We describe here the very rare case of a @entity1 who presented initially with a 2-month history of @entity1282 and @entity353 which led to the endoscopic diagnosis of an unclear lesion in the distal esophagus. Biopsies were taken revealing positive immunohistochemical staining against HMB-45. As there were no signs of @entity320 and there was an absence of pigmentation, a diagnosis of primary amelanotic malignant @entity320 was made. Primary staging of the lesion was completed with computed tomography (CT), which revealed a locally advanced @entity5 with lymph node @entity3 at the lesser curvature of the stomach and celiac trunk. As there is still a lack of potential protocols for multimodal neoadjuvant treatment for this rare @entity5 entity, a palliative abdominothoracic esophagectomy with systemic lymphadenectomy and intrathoracic @entity254 was carried out. Due to an intraoperative R2 situation, clip marking was performed to allow postoperative radiotherapy. Two months postoperatively, the planning CT scan for radiotherapy revealed @entity5 mass, which was enclosing the celiac trunk, renal vein, and superior mesenteric artery. Multiple new liver and lung @entity3 were also found. During the following weeks, the @entity1 developed @entity810 and was admitted for dialysis, and the planned radiotherapy was deferred. At the end of May 2007, 4 months after the primary diagnosis, the @entity1 died due to @entity810 .

title: Amelanotic esophageal malignant XXXX : case report and short review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'progression of the retroperitoneal tumor']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Malignant melanoma', 'skin melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: We have compared the glycoproteins of two biologically distinct virulent strains of @entity1800 . Cells infected by either @entity281 virions and the cellular surfaces have hemadsorbing activity; however, only cells infected by strain AV undergo fusion from within. We fractionated @entity1573 embryo cells and monitored the incorporation of radioactive proteins into virions to study the sites of synthesis, cellular locations, and kinetics of virion assembly for the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and the fusion glycoproteins of each strain. We found that the HN glycoprotein of both strains was synthesized on rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), accumulated in low-density membranes derived from smooth ER and the plasma membrane, and appeared in virions after a 30-min delay. The fusion glycoprotein of both strains was synthesized as a precursor in rough ER and subsequently processed to the active form. However, the sites of accumulation of the fusion glycoproteins were strain-dependent. The larger subunit F1 of the fusion glycoprotein of strain AV was detected in subcellular fractions enriched for plasma membranes, while that of @entity4306 accumulated in denser fractions which contained internal membranes. This result suggests that differential compartmentation of viral glycoproteins may influence the expression of biologic activities such as fusion on cellular surfaces. Despite their different sites of accumulation, the F1 glycoproteins or F-related polypeptides of similar size were assembled into virions of both strains. The kinetics of incorporation of this protein into virions appear to be too rapid for migration through internal membrane systems. Furthermore, @entity2425 did not block the incorporation of F-related polypeptides into virions. A hypothesis is presented to explain the unusual behavior of the F-related proteins.

title: Maturation of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion glycoproteins of two biologically distinct strains of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2425 :: ('MESH:D014415', 'Chemical') :: ['tunicamycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['strain AV or HP produce infections']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Newcastle disease virus']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['Newcastle disease virus']


abstract: The records of 160 @entity1 with @entity957 of the tonsillar fossa treated from 1968 through 1979 were reviewed. Biologic behavior, local and regional findings, and other prognostic factors were evaluated. @entity1 were treated by either radiation alone (112 @entity1 ), radiation followed by planned neck dissection (31 @entity1 ), surgery alone (11 @entity1 ), or surgery combined with radiation (6 @entity1 ). Analysis of the data supports the recommendation that radiation be used as treatment for T1, T2, and early T3 lesions, whereas surgery alone or combined with radiation is best employed for advanced T3 or T4 @entity5 . @entity5 control rates with radiation as the initial modality were 100% for T1 lesions, 89% for T2, 68% for T3, and 24% for T4. In addition, the control of cervical @entity3 with radiation therapy for @entity1 with @entity135 staged N0 through N3b was excellent (95%). In instances where a planned neck dissection was done 5 weeks after radiation, the control of @entity5 in the neck was 100%. The incidence of distant @entity3 was 10% and was not affected by the selection of therapy. The 2- and 5-year determinate survival figures for 112 @entity1 treated with radiation therapy alone was 67% and 48% respectively, while 31 @entity1 treated with radiation therapy followed by neck dissection achieved survival rates of 70% (2 year) and 58% (5 year). The criteria for selection of treatment are discussed.

title: Treatment of choice for XXXX of the tonsillar fossa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Primary tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous carcinoma']


abstract: @entity79 are among the most difficult problems in diagnosis and management in the field of orthopaedic oncology. In addition to the variability of presentation of the "standard" hyaline, myxoid or fibrous types of lesion, three unusual forms of the @entity5 are now recognized--mesenchymal, clear cell and dedifferentiated--which show differences in their biologic behavior. @entity511 , with only rare exception, are radio-resistant and show only a limited response to adjunctive chemotherapy. The optimal therapy at present is surgical, but clearly the type of surgical procedure selected should vary with the malignity and extent of the @entity5 in order to avoid either undertreatment (resulting in a high rate of local recurrence and/or distant metastases) or excessive and unnecessary sacrifice of normal tissue. @entity1 suspected of having @entity511 should be thoroughly evaluated by clinical examination, radiographic and special studies to define as fully as possible the site and extent of the @entity5 , the presence or absence of a soft-tissue mass and the existence of distant metastases. A biopsy should be performed through an incision which can be subsequently excised during the definition procedure. The tissue obtained should be graded histologically and the clinical and radiologic data added to define whether the lesion is benign or a low-grade or high-grade @entity511 . Using a special system recently described by Enneking and Spanier, the lesions should be evaluated on the basis of the grade (G1 or G2); the site of the lesion in relation to the anatomic compartments (T1 or T2) and the presence or absence of distant @entity3 (M0 or M1). Based on a scheme presented in this article, the appropriate one of four grades of surgical procedures should be chosen. For @entity5 , Grade I procedures (intralesional curettage or excision) are generally adequate. For Stage IA @entity5 , occasionally a Grade II procedure, marginal excision may be sufficient, but more frequently Grade III procedures (wide intracompartmental resections) are indicated. Stage IIA and IIB lesions should be treated with Grade III or Grade IV (radical resection) surgical procedures. The treatment of inoperable or Stage IV @entity5 (those with @entity3 ) is unsatisfactory and consists of palliative resections, radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

title: The management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas', 'Chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'benign tumors', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Chondrosarcomas of bone']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma of bone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trial findings show cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) can be effective treatments for @entity5815 , but @entity1 ' organisations have reported that these treatments can be harmful and favour pacing and specialist health care. We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of all four treatments. METHODS: In our parallel-group randomised trial, @entity1 meeting Oxford criteria for @entity5815 were recruited from six secondary-care clinics in the UK and randomly allocated by computer-generated sequence to receive specialist medical care (SMC) alone or with adaptive pacing therapy (APT), CBT, or GET. Primary outcomes were @entity1295 (measured by Chalder @entity1295 questionnaire score) and physical function (measured by short form-36 subscale score) up to 52 weeks after randomisation, and safety was assessed primarily by recording all serious adverse events, including serious adverse reactions to trial treatments. Primary outcomes were rated by @entity1 , who were necessarily unmasked to treatment assignment; the statistician was masked to treatment assignment for the analysis of primary outcomes. We used longitudinal regression models to compare SMC alone with other treatments, APT with CBT, and APT with GET. The final analysis included all @entity1 for whom we had data for primary outcomes. This trial is registered at http://isrctn.org, number ISRCTN54285094. FINDINGS: We recruited 641 eligible @entity1 , of whom 160 were assigned to the APT group, 161 to the CBT group, 160 to the GET group, and 160 to the SMC-alone group. Compared with SMC alone, mean @entity1295 scores at 52 weeks were 3  4 (95% CI 1  8 to 5  0) points lower for CBT (p = 0  0001) and 3  2 (1  7 to 4  8) points lower for GET (p = 0  0003), but did not differ for APT (0  7 [-0  9 to 2  3] points lower; p = 0  38). Compared with SMC alone, mean physical function scores were 7  1 (2  0 to 12  1) points higher for CBT (p = 0  0068) and 9  4 (4  4 to 14  4) points higher for GET (p = 0  0005), but did not differ for APT (3  4 [-1  6 to 8  4] points lower; p=0  18). Compared with APT, CBT and GET were associated with less @entity1295 (CBT p = 0  0027; GET p = 0  0059) and better physical function (CBT p=0  0002; GET p<0  0001). Subgroup analysis of 427 @entity1 meeting international criteria for @entity5815 and 329 @entity1 meeting London criteria for @entity5815 yielded equivalent results. Serious adverse reactions were recorded in two (1%) of 159 @entity1 in the APT group, three (2%) of 161 in the CBT group, two (1%) of 160 in the GET group, and two (1%) of 160 in the SMC-alone group. INTERPRETATION: CBT and GET can safely be added to SMC to moderately improve outcomes for @entity5815 , but APT is not an effective addition. FUNDING: UK Medical Research Council, Department of Health for England, Scottish Chief Scientist Office, Department for Work and Pensions.

title: Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise therapy, and specialist medical care for XXXX (PACE): a randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'myalgic encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe our surgical en bloc approach and to assess the outcome and survival of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) invading the spine. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our prospective database of all @entity1 , who underwent lung resection with en bloc hemivertebrectomy or total vertebrectomy for @entity1149 between January 2003 and December 2008 in an individualized multimodality treatment concept. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank analyses were used to compare groups. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 (age 58.9    12.9 years) were diagnosed with @entity1149 invading the spine at a single center. Eight of those @entity1 were inoperable. Twenty @entity1 proceeded to surgery with en bloc hemivertebrectomy (n = 16) or total vertebrectomy (n = 4). Six @entity1 had induction chemotherapy (30%). Complete resection could be achieved in 16 @entity1 (80%). Morbidity was observed in eight @entity1 (40%); no mortality occurred. Adjuvant radiation (n = 14) or chemoradiation (n = 6) was administered with 66 Gy. The mean survival and 5-year survival for @entity1 , who underwent surgery (n=20), were 46.0 months and 47%, respectively. Inoperable @entity1 had poorer survival (14.0 months; p = 0.004). Sublobar resections (p = 0.002) and incomplete resections (p = 0.02) were associated with inferior survival. @entity1753 (p = 0.088), hemivertebrectomy (p = 0.062), and age < 70 years (p = 0.076) trended toward prolonged survival. CONCLUSIONS: Multimodality treatment including en bloc lung resections with hemivertebrectomy or total vertebrectomy offer promising long-term survival in highly selected @entity1 with @entity1149 invading the spine. These extended resections can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality in specialized centers. @entity1 aged >=  70 years should be selected very carefully for radical resection. Sublobar resections should be avoided.

title: En bloc resection of XXXX invading the spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['Adjuvant chemoradiation']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity731 is an inflammatory disorder of the vasculature that is orchestrated by the action of cytokines. Macrophages play a prominent role in all stages of this disease, including foam cell formation, production of reactive @entity26 species, modulation of the inflammatory response and the regulation of the stability of @entity731 . The role of the matrix metalloproteinase family in the control of plaque stability is well established. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS) family has been implicated in several diseases and the expression of @entity27369 in macrophages of @entity731 has suggested a potential role for this protease in @entity731 . However, the action of cytokines on the expression of @entity27369 in macrophages is poorly understood. We have investigated here the effect of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) on @entity27369 expression in macrophages along with the regulatory mechanisms underlying its actions. Consistent with the anti-atherogenic role of @entity2533 , this cytokine decreased the expression of @entity27369 mRNA and protein in @entity1 macrophages. Transient transfection assays showed that the -100 to +10 promoter region contained the minimal @entity2533 response elements. Small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown revealed a critical role for Smads, @entity1435 mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity1178 in the action of @entity2533 on @entity27369 mRNA expression. These studies show for the first time that @entity2533 inhibits the expression of @entity27369 in @entity1 macrophages and identifies the signalling pathways underlying this response. The inhibition of macrophage @entity27369 expression is likely to contribute to the anti-atherogenic, plaque stabilisation action of @entity2533 .

title: The expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 in @entity1 macrophages is inhibited by the anti-atherogenic cytokine @entity2533 and requires Smads, XXXX mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity1178 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor-b']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity1435 :: (1432,Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: @entity731 is an inflammatory disorder of the vasculature that is orchestrated by the action of cytokines. Macrophages play a prominent role in all stages of this disease, including foam cell formation, production of reactive @entity26 species, modulation of the inflammatory response and the regulation of the stability of @entity731 . The role of the matrix metalloproteinase family in the control of plaque stability is well established. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS) family has been implicated in several diseases and the expression of @entity27369 in macrophages of @entity731 has suggested a potential role for this protease in @entity731 . However, the action of cytokines on the expression of @entity27369 in macrophages is poorly understood. We have investigated here the effect of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) on @entity27369 expression in macrophages along with the regulatory mechanisms underlying its actions. Consistent with the anti-atherogenic role of @entity2533 , this cytokine decreased the expression of @entity27369 mRNA and protein in @entity1 macrophages. Transient transfection assays showed that the -100 to +10 promoter region contained the minimal @entity2533 response elements. Small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown revealed a critical role for Smads, @entity1435 mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity1178 in the action of @entity2533 on @entity27369 mRNA expression. These studies show for the first time that @entity2533 inhibits the expression of @entity27369 in @entity1 macrophages and identifies the signalling pathways underlying this response. The inhibition of macrophage @entity27369 expression is likely to contribute to the anti-atherogenic, plaque stabilisation action of @entity2533 .

title: The expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 in @entity1 macrophages is inhibited by the anti-atherogenic cytokine @entity2533 and requires Smads, @entity1435 mitogen-activated protein kinase and XXXX .

answer: @entity1178 :: (3725,Gene) :: ['c-Jun']


abstract: @entity731 is an inflammatory disorder of the vasculature that is orchestrated by the action of cytokines. Macrophages play a prominent role in all stages of this disease, including foam cell formation, production of reactive @entity26 species, modulation of the inflammatory response and the regulation of the stability of @entity731 . The role of the matrix metalloproteinase family in the control of plaque stability is well established. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS) family has been implicated in several diseases and the expression of @entity27369 in macrophages of @entity731 has suggested a potential role for this protease in @entity731 . However, the action of cytokines on the expression of @entity27369 in macrophages is poorly understood. We have investigated here the effect of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) on @entity27369 expression in macrophages along with the regulatory mechanisms underlying its actions. Consistent with the anti-atherogenic role of @entity2533 , this cytokine decreased the expression of @entity27369 mRNA and protein in @entity1 macrophages. Transient transfection assays showed that the -100 to +10 promoter region contained the minimal @entity2533 response elements. Small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown revealed a critical role for Smads, @entity1435 mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity1178 in the action of @entity2533 on @entity27369 mRNA expression. These studies show for the first time that @entity2533 inhibits the expression of @entity27369 in @entity1 macrophages and identifies the signalling pathways underlying this response. The inhibition of macrophage @entity27369 expression is likely to contribute to the anti-atherogenic, plaque stabilisation action of @entity2533 .

title: The expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 in @entity1 macrophages is inhibited by the anti-atherogenic cytokine XXXX and requires Smads, @entity1435 mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity1178 .

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-b']


abstract: @entity731 is an inflammatory disorder of the vasculature that is orchestrated by the action of cytokines. Macrophages play a prominent role in all stages of this disease, including foam cell formation, production of reactive @entity26 species, modulation of the inflammatory response and the regulation of the stability of @entity731 . The role of the matrix metalloproteinase family in the control of plaque stability is well established. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS) family has been implicated in several diseases and the expression of @entity27369 in macrophages of @entity731 has suggested a potential role for this protease in @entity731 . However, the action of cytokines on the expression of @entity27369 in macrophages is poorly understood. We have investigated here the effect of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) on @entity27369 expression in macrophages along with the regulatory mechanisms underlying its actions. Consistent with the anti-atherogenic role of @entity2533 , this cytokine decreased the expression of @entity27369 mRNA and protein in @entity1 macrophages. Transient transfection assays showed that the -100 to +10 promoter region contained the minimal @entity2533 response elements. Small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown revealed a critical role for Smads, @entity1435 mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity1178 in the action of @entity2533 on @entity27369 mRNA expression. These studies show for the first time that @entity2533 inhibits the expression of @entity27369 in @entity1 macrophages and identifies the signalling pathways underlying this response. The inhibition of macrophage @entity27369 expression is likely to contribute to the anti-atherogenic, plaque stabilisation action of @entity2533 .

title: The expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 in XXXX macrophages is inhibited by the anti-atherogenic cytokine @entity2533 and requires Smads, @entity1435 mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity1178 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intraosseous (IO) access has been used with good results in emergency situations, when venous access is not available for fluids and drugs infusion. The objective of this study was to evaluate IO a useful technique for anesthesia and fluids infusion during hemodynamic studies and when peripheral intravascular access is unobtainable. The setting was an university hospital hemodynamics unit, and the subjects were twenty one @entity1 with @entity299 enrolled for elective hemodynamic study diagnosis. METHODS: This study compared the effectiveness of IO access in relation to IV access for infusion of anesthetics agents ( @entity3652 , @entity1363 , and @entity3575 ) and fluids during hemodynamic studies. The anesthetic induction time, procedure duration, anesthesia recovery time, adequate hydration, and IV and IO puncture complications were compared between groups. RESULTS: The puncture time was significantly smaller in IO group (3.6 min) that in IV group (9.6 min). The anesthetic onset time (56.3 second) for the IV group was faster than IO group (71.3 second). No significant difference between groups were found in relation to hydration (IV group, 315.5 mL vs IO group, 293.2 mL), and anesthesia recovery time (IO group, 65.2 min vs IV group, 55.0 min). The puncture site was reevaluated after 7 and 15 days without signs of @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Results showed superiority for IO infusion when considering the puncture time of the procedure. Due to its easy manipulation and efficiency, hydration and anesthesia by IO access was satisfactory for hemodynamic studies without the necessity of other infusion access.

title: Intraosseous anesthesia in hemodynamic studies in XXXX with cardiopathy.

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection or other complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spinal anesthesia is an integral part of the daily routine of countless anesthesiologists. It is considered to be a safe procedure, although some complications related to this technique, among them the most feared is @entity1167 ( @entity1167 , CA), do exist. The real incidence of CA related to spinal anesthesia, as well as its etiology, is not known and has motivated this review article. CONTENTS: Articles published in the last twenty years in Medline indexed journals and in a textbook were reviewed. The objective of the present review was to identify the incidence of @entity616 anesthesia-related CA and the etiology of those cases. We also tried to identify possible risk factors. Finally, treatment strategies described in the literature were reviewed in order to determine the best conduct when facing a case of CA during spinal anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of spinal anesthesia-related CA varies, and it seems to be lower when compared to that of general anesthesia. In the past, it was believed that CA was due to @entity519 related especially to excessive sedation. However, nowadays, it is known that the etiology of CA during @entity616 anesthesia is related to cardiocirculatory factors, mainly a reduction of preload resulting from sympathetic blockade. Other factors that increase the risk of developing CA also exist. Among those factors, the following should be mentioned: changes in @entity1 positioning and @entity3485 . It is very important to institute treatment as soon as possible. Besides a vagolytic agent, early use of a sympathomimetic drug, especially @entity1425 , is also recommended to minimize damage to the @entity1 .

title: XXXX in spinal anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'cardiopulmonary arrest']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['spinal block']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiopulmonary arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of augmented soft tissue mobilization (ASTM) on the treatment of @entity2633 . METHODS: This randomized clinical study assessed 27 subjects (12 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ) with @entity2633 and were divided randomly into 2 groups. The experimental group (n = 15) received ASTM twice a week for 5 weeks. The subjects of the control group (n = 12) received advice on the natural evolution of @entity2633 , computer ergonomics, and stretching exercises. @entity1 -rated outcome was assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks and 3 months using a visual analog scale and the @entity1 -Rated @entity2633 . The function was assessed using the @entity158 -free grip strength at baseline and after 6 weeks. RESULTS: Both groups showed improvements in @entity158 -free grip strength, visual analog scale, and @entity1 -Rated @entity2633 . Sample size for larger future randomized clinical trial was 116 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A larger study investigating the same hypothesis is warranted to detect difference in the effects of these treatments strategies. The study design is feasible, and minor improvements will help to minimize the potential bias.

title: Augmented soft tissue mobilization vs natural history in the treatment of XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis', 'Tennis Elbow Evaluation']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: CONTEXT: We recently reported that @entity3575 pectin nasal spray (FPNS) provides superior @entity158 relief from breakthrough @entity5 (BTCP) compared with immediate-release @entity1286 (IRMS), with significant effects by five minutes and clinically meaningful @entity158 relief from 10 minutes postdose. OBJECTIVES: To report the consistency of efficacy, tolerability, and @entity1 acceptability of FPNS vs. IRMS. METHODS: @entity1 (n=110) experiencing one to four BTCP episodes/day while taking >= 60 mg/day oral @entity1286 (or equivalent) for background @entity158 entered a double-blind, double-dummy (DB/ @entity336 ), multiple-crossover study. Those who completed an open-label titration phase (n=84) continued to a DB/ @entity336 phase; 10 episodes were randomly treated with FPNS and overencapsulated placebo or IRMS and nasal spray placebo (five episodes each). @entity158 intensity (PI) and @entity158 relief scores were assessed. @entity1 acceptability scores were assessed at 30 and 60 minutes. Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse events (AEs) and nasal assessments. RESULTS: Per-episode analysis revealed that FPNS consistently provided relief from @entity158 more rapidly than IRMS; by 10 minutes, there were significant differences in PI difference scores and in the percentages of episodes showing clinically meaningful @entity158 relief (P<0.05). Overall acceptability scores were significantly greater for FPNS than for IRMS at 30 (P<0.01) and 60 (P<0.05) minutes. @entity1 were "satisfied/very satisfied" with the convenience (79.8%) and ease of use (77.2%) of FPNS. Only 4.7% of @entity1 withdrew from titration because of AEs; no significant nasal effects were reported. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that FPNS is efficacious, well accepted, and well tolerated by @entity1 with BTCP.

title: Consistency of efficacy, @entity1 acceptability, and nasal tolerability of XXXX pectin nasal spray compared with immediate-release @entity1286 in breakthrough @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate', 'morphine']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: CONTEXT: We recently reported that @entity3575 pectin nasal spray (FPNS) provides superior @entity158 relief from breakthrough @entity5 (BTCP) compared with immediate-release @entity1286 (IRMS), with significant effects by five minutes and clinically meaningful @entity158 relief from 10 minutes postdose. OBJECTIVES: To report the consistency of efficacy, tolerability, and @entity1 acceptability of FPNS vs. IRMS. METHODS: @entity1 (n=110) experiencing one to four BTCP episodes/day while taking >= 60 mg/day oral @entity1286 (or equivalent) for background @entity158 entered a double-blind, double-dummy (DB/ @entity336 ), multiple-crossover study. Those who completed an open-label titration phase (n=84) continued to a DB/ @entity336 phase; 10 episodes were randomly treated with FPNS and overencapsulated placebo or IRMS and nasal spray placebo (five episodes each). @entity158 intensity (PI) and @entity158 relief scores were assessed. @entity1 acceptability scores were assessed at 30 and 60 minutes. Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse events (AEs) and nasal assessments. RESULTS: Per-episode analysis revealed that FPNS consistently provided relief from @entity158 more rapidly than IRMS; by 10 minutes, there were significant differences in PI difference scores and in the percentages of episodes showing clinically meaningful @entity158 relief (P<0.05). Overall acceptability scores were significantly greater for FPNS than for IRMS at 30 (P<0.01) and 60 (P<0.05) minutes. @entity1 were "satisfied/very satisfied" with the convenience (79.8%) and ease of use (77.2%) of FPNS. Only 4.7% of @entity1 withdrew from titration because of AEs; no significant nasal effects were reported. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that FPNS is efficacious, well accepted, and well tolerated by @entity1 with BTCP.

title: Consistency of efficacy, @entity1 acceptability, and nasal tolerability of @entity3575 pectin nasal spray compared with immediate-release XXXX in breakthrough @entity5 .

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine sulfate']


abstract: CONTEXT: We recently reported that @entity3575 pectin nasal spray (FPNS) provides superior @entity158 relief from breakthrough @entity5 (BTCP) compared with immediate-release @entity1286 (IRMS), with significant effects by five minutes and clinically meaningful @entity158 relief from 10 minutes postdose. OBJECTIVES: To report the consistency of efficacy, tolerability, and @entity1 acceptability of FPNS vs. IRMS. METHODS: @entity1 (n=110) experiencing one to four BTCP episodes/day while taking >= 60 mg/day oral @entity1286 (or equivalent) for background @entity158 entered a double-blind, double-dummy (DB/ @entity336 ), multiple-crossover study. Those who completed an open-label titration phase (n=84) continued to a DB/ @entity336 phase; 10 episodes were randomly treated with FPNS and overencapsulated placebo or IRMS and nasal spray placebo (five episodes each). @entity158 intensity (PI) and @entity158 relief scores were assessed. @entity1 acceptability scores were assessed at 30 and 60 minutes. Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse events (AEs) and nasal assessments. RESULTS: Per-episode analysis revealed that FPNS consistently provided relief from @entity158 more rapidly than IRMS; by 10 minutes, there were significant differences in PI difference scores and in the percentages of episodes showing clinically meaningful @entity158 relief (P<0.05). Overall acceptability scores were significantly greater for FPNS than for IRMS at 30 (P<0.01) and 60 (P<0.05) minutes. @entity1 were "satisfied/very satisfied" with the convenience (79.8%) and ease of use (77.2%) of FPNS. Only 4.7% of @entity1 withdrew from titration because of AEs; no significant nasal effects were reported. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that FPNS is efficacious, well accepted, and well tolerated by @entity1 with BTCP.

title: Consistency of efficacy, @entity1 acceptability, and nasal tolerability of @entity3575 pectin nasal spray compared with immediate-release @entity1286 in breakthrough XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: CONTEXT: We recently reported that @entity3575 pectin nasal spray (FPNS) provides superior @entity158 relief from breakthrough @entity5 (BTCP) compared with immediate-release @entity1286 (IRMS), with significant effects by five minutes and clinically meaningful @entity158 relief from 10 minutes postdose. OBJECTIVES: To report the consistency of efficacy, tolerability, and @entity1 acceptability of FPNS vs. IRMS. METHODS: @entity1 (n=110) experiencing one to four BTCP episodes/day while taking >= 60 mg/day oral @entity1286 (or equivalent) for background @entity158 entered a double-blind, double-dummy (DB/ @entity336 ), multiple-crossover study. Those who completed an open-label titration phase (n=84) continued to a DB/ @entity336 phase; 10 episodes were randomly treated with FPNS and overencapsulated placebo or IRMS and nasal spray placebo (five episodes each). @entity158 intensity (PI) and @entity158 relief scores were assessed. @entity1 acceptability scores were assessed at 30 and 60 minutes. Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse events (AEs) and nasal assessments. RESULTS: Per-episode analysis revealed that FPNS consistently provided relief from @entity158 more rapidly than IRMS; by 10 minutes, there were significant differences in PI difference scores and in the percentages of episodes showing clinically meaningful @entity158 relief (P<0.05). Overall acceptability scores were significantly greater for FPNS than for IRMS at 30 (P<0.01) and 60 (P<0.05) minutes. @entity1 were "satisfied/very satisfied" with the convenience (79.8%) and ease of use (77.2%) of FPNS. Only 4.7% of @entity1 withdrew from titration because of AEs; no significant nasal effects were reported. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that FPNS is efficacious, well accepted, and well tolerated by @entity1 with BTCP.

title: Consistency of efficacy, XXXX acceptability, and nasal tolerability of @entity3575 pectin nasal spray compared with immediate-release @entity1286 in breakthrough @entity5 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: We categorize the subtypes of the @entity99 ( @entity99 ) and evaluate the clinical implications. METHODS: Thirty-four cases of the @entity99 were evaluated retrospectively using multidetector computed tomography. We categorized them into the three @entity99 subtypes according to pancreatic penetration and the passing routes. The distance between the orifice of the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) and @entity99 bifurcation (D @entity6029 - @entity99 ) was measured using advanced 3D imaging software. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the difference in D @entity6029 - @entity99 according to the @entity99 subtype. RESULTS: Type A (n  =  17, 50  %) referred to @entity99 penetrating the @entity788 , all crossing the dorsal aspect of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Among them, three cases were accompanied by the circumportal pancreas. Type B (n  =  10, 29  %) referred to @entity99 without penetration of the @entity788 and crossing of the dorsal aspect of the main portal vein ( @entity6688 ) or SMV. Type C (n  =  7, 21  %) referred to @entity99 without penetration of the pancreas parenchyma and crossing of the ventral aspect of the @entity6688 or SMV. The mean D @entity6029 - @entity99 of each subtype was as follows: type A, 3.13  cm [95  % confidence interval (CI) 2.70-3.57]; type B, 2.04  cm [95  % CI 1.40-2.68]; and type C, 2.14  cm [95  % CI 2.23-2.92]. The D @entity6029 - @entity99 of the penetrating @entity788 of the @entity99 was significantly longer than that of the non-penetrating @entity788 (P  =  0.007). CONCLUSION: Half of @entity99 show penetrating the @entity788 , which was categorized as type A, and this type A takes off from the @entity6029 more distally than @entity99 without intrapancreatic penetration.

title: Replaced common hepatic artery from the XXXX : multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) classification focused on pancreatic penetration and the course of travel.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['RCHA', 'replaced common hepatic artery']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

answer: @entity6029 :: (MESH:D013478,Disease) :: ['superior mesenteric artery']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity99 is a rare but potentially fatal entity in neonates. The aim of this study was to provide valuable data for diagnosis, management and prevention of @entity99 in preterm @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review was made for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity99 between 2012 and 2015. Methods included clinical and radiological review of records and evaluation of potential risk factors. RESULTS: A total of three @entity1 with @entity99 were identified. All of them had low birth weight and low gestational age. Predisposing factors included prematurity, late @entity295 , umbilical catheterization, @entity3166 and previous antibiotic therapy. Isolated organisms from blood included Staphylococcus spp. in two cases and @entity796 spp. in one case. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first preterm case of @entity99 caused by @entity796 in the literature. All @entity1 responded well to antibiotic therapy alone, and no interventional drainage was required. CONCLUSION: We suggest evaluating all preterm neonates who have severe @entity295 and/or @entity3166 signs and who do not respond to prolonged antibiotic therapy with detailed abdominal ultrasound for possible @entity99 as early diagnosis, and treatment favors prognosis.

title: Hepatic Abscesses in Preterm XXXX : Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abscess', 'hepatic abscesses', 'Hepatic abscess']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infants']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Croton membranaceus root and leaf extracts are used in the Bahamas to aromatize @entity286 , in Nigeria to improve digestion, and in Ghana, for @entity1067 . Despite claims of success there is paucity of information on its @entity137 . The aim of this study was to determine if Croton membranaceus has acute @entity137 properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Roots were air-dried in a solar dryer for one week before milling. The powder was extracted with 96% @entity1068 , freeze-dried and re-extracted with distilled water and freeze-dried. 15 male @entity35 (180-200 g) were divided equally into 2 treatment groups [low dose (LD) and @entity2101 ( @entity2101 )], plus a control group (C). LD and @entity2101 received 1500 and 3000 mg/kg b.wt. Croton membranaceus aqueous extract, respectively, one time and observed for 14 days. Haematological [Full Blood Count and haemoglobin (Hb)], biochemical [ @entity648 , @entity493 aminotransferase (ALA), @entity492 aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatise (ALP), y-glutamyltranspetidase (GGT), @entity1133 , @entity1011 , @entity1011 kinase - Muscle and Brain (CK-MB), @entity1011 kinase - Total ( @entity72838 )] examinations were performed. RESULTS: Control group's CK-MB (5444  534 U/L) and LD group CK-MB (4014  1016 U/L) were significantly different (p<0.05). Control and the @entity2101 group CK-MB (3955  1135 U/L) were significantly different (p<0.05). Both LD and @entity2101 @entity72838 levels (697  197U/L and 732  203 U/L, respectively), were lower than the control (1139  220 U/L) at 48 h and 14 days (p<0.05, p<0.05, respectively). y-GT levels of the @entity2101 group was 4.8  0.4 U/L compared to the Control group value of 0.9  0.2 U/L (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Taking all factors into consideration, Croton membranaceus ingestion does not produce general acute @entity137 . However, its @entity1011 kinase lowering ability could be explored.

title: Acute XXXX studies of Croton membranaceus root extract.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostate hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity65 , including @entity301 ( @entity301 ), @entity543 ( @entity543 ), @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ), and @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ), affect millions of U.S. adults and are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. There is some uncertainty regarding the utility of certain screening tests for prevention of @entity65 and mortality. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Current guidelines and studies pertaining to @entity301 , @entity543 , @entity3657 , and @entity1028 screening in the adult population were reviewed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: @entity301 risk can be estimated by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), which is valuable in identifying high-risk asymptomatic adults who may benefit from preventive treatments. There is moderate certainty that the benefits of screening do not outweigh the harms for individuals with asymptomatic @entity543 . The potential harms associated with routine @entity3657 screening in asymptomatic adults are also likely to exceed benefits. Ultrasonography is a safe, noninvasive, and reliable screening test used to identify AAAs for treatment in @entity1 aged >65 years who have ever smoked. CONCLUSIONS: American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM) recommends @entity301 risk assessment using the FRS to guide risk-based therapy. ACPM does not recommend routine screening of the general adult population using electrocardiogram, exercise-stress testing, computed tomography scanning, ankle-brachial index, carotid intima medial thickness, or emerging risk factors, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). ACPM does not recommend routine screening of the general adult population for @entity543 or @entity3657 . ACPM recommends one-time @entity1028 screening in @entity1 aged 65-75 years who have ever smoked. Routine @entity1028 screening in @entity1 is not recommended.

title: XXXX disease screening in adults: American College Of Preventive Medicine position statement on preventive practice.

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerotic cardiovascular']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a common, @entity66 in which angiogenesis may be involved in the growth of endometrium outside the uterus. microRNAs (miRNAs) are 21-22 @entity377 non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and play fundamental roles in biological processes. The objective of this study was to analyze several miRNAs related to angiogenesis and the angiogenic factors, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity3499 ( @entity3499 ), in @entity75 ( @entity43 , @entity6378 and rectovaginal nodule) and eutopic endometrium from @entity1 with @entity46 . METHODS: TaqMan real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of the miRNAs ( @entity27437 , -16, -17-5p, -20a, -21, -125a, -221 and -222), while @entity7 and @entity3499 mRNA were assessed by real-time PCR, with SYBR Green I and @entity7 and @entity3499 protein levels were quantified by ELISA. Included in the study were 58 @entity1 with @entity46 and 38 control @entity1 . RESULTS: In paired samples, @entity43 showed significantly lower @entity7 mRNA (P = 0.02) and protein (P = 0.002) expression than eutopic endometrium and higher expression of @entity6557 (P = 0.003) and @entity10074 (P <0.001). However, @entity43 had significantly higher expression of the angiogenic inhibitor @entity3499 and lower expression of @entity12425 than eutopic endometrium (P < 0.001). Moreover, a significant inverse correlations between @entity10074 and @entity7 protein levels (-0.267, P = 0.018) and between @entity12425 and @entity3499 protein levels (-0.260, P=0.022) were observed. Peritoneal lesions showed a significant increase in @entity7 in comparison with @entity43 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Expression levels of miRNAs related to angiogenesis were different in eutopic endometrium from that observed in @entity43 . This could influence the expression of angiogenic factors and play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity46 .

title: microRNAs expression in XXXX and their relation to angiogenic factors.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometrioma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disease']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor-A', 'VEGF-A']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endometriotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal lesion']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: Locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 suffer from a high local failure rate following radiotherapy. Despite many efforts to develop new dose-volume models for early detection of @entity5 local failure, there was no reported significant improvement in their application prospectively. Based on recent studies of biomarker proteins' role in @entity519 and @entity32 in predicting @entity5 response to radiotherapy, we hypothesize that combining physical and biological factors with a suitable framework could improve the overall prediction. To test this hypothesis, we propose a graphical Bayesian network framework for predicting @entity2 . The proposed approach was tested using two different datasets of locally advanced @entity1149 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy. The first dataset was collected retrospectively, which comprises clinical and dosimetric variables only. The second dataset was collected prospectively in which in addition to clinical and dosimetric information, blood was drawn from the @entity1 at various time points to extract candidate biomarkers as well. Our preliminary results show that the proposed method can be used as an efficient method to develop predictive models of local failure in these @entity1 and to interpret relationships among the different variables in the models. We also demonstrate the potential use of heterogeneous physical and biological variables to improve the model prediction. With the first dataset, we achieved better performance compared with competing Bayesian-based classifiers. With the second dataset, the combined model had a slightly higher performance compared to individual physical and biological models, with the biological variables making the largest contribution. Our preliminary results highlight the potential of the proposed integrated approach for predicting post-radiotherapy local failure in @entity1149 @entity1 .

title: A Bayesian network approach for modeling XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['local failure in lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['local failure in lung cancer']


abstract: Between 1978 and 1983 a total of 33 @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) involving the gastrointestinal tract were seen in our institution. Pathological classification was performed according to Kiel. Low grade @entity1893 was diagnosed in 17, high grade @entity1893 in 16 @entity1 . The most frequent histological entity was lymphoplasmocytoid immunocytoma (11 @entity1 ). The most common sites of origin were the stomach (23 @entity1 ) and the ileocecal region (6 @entity1 ). The majority of @entity1 presented with stage I and II disease (20 of 33 @entity1 ). As a rule primary therapy consisted of surgery with curative intent. Most of the @entity1 received additional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. @entity1 with @entity5 resection showed long-term survival from 12+ to 57+ months (mean 32.9+ months). @entity1 with @entity1442 (stage III and IV) and only palliative surgery or with @entity981 had a probability of survival of less than 12 months.

title: XXXX presenting with gastrointestinal involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['limited disease and complete tumour']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: During a 12 year period, 110 @entity1 were submitted to surgery for @entity2792 . The pathologic process was @entity731 in 65, @entity5323 in 28, @entity439 in 5, aortoarteritis in 2 and 3 miscellaneous lesions. Operative procedures used on 148 renal arteries have been: nephrectomy (12), reconstructive surgery (133). Among them: endarterectomy (89), aorto-renal grafts (20) venous, dacron or arterial autografts, resection and @entity254 (10), direct reimplantation (8), angioplasty (5), arterial spleno-renal @entity254 (1). Postoperative arteriograms have been obtained in 98% of the @entity1 , 4 occlusions occurred in aorto renal grafts, no @entity715 in endarterectomy. Progression of @entity1141 and @entity731 was observed in 5 @entity1 . The overall clinical results show: cure 55%, improvement 34% and no change 11%. With a difference between @entity731 (45% cured, 40% improved, 15% no change) and @entity5323 (63% cured, 29% improved and 8% no change). Several parameters are studied correlated with the surgical result. This series support interest to treat operatively @entity2792 : 89% of @entity1 benefited from surgery.

title: Results following surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension', 'correction of renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5323 :: ('MESH:D009221', 'Disease') :: ['fibrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms in 6 abdominal coarctation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['correction of renovascular hypertension']


abstract: The incorporation of antitachycardia pacing ( @entity855 ) into @entity737 ( @entity737 ) has provided a better tolerated alternative to shocks. @entity855 has been shown to be effective in terminating approximately 80% to 90% of spontaneous @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) episodes. Although @entity855 is routinely used, little is known about predictors of @entity855 failure. Based on the evaluation of stored electrograms, we aimed to prospectively follow @entity1 with @entity737 , and to analyze parameters affecting @entity855 effectiveness. One hundred eighteen consecutive @entity1 received @entity737 for standard indications. Before discharge, empirical, standardized @entity855 therapy was programmed in all @entity1 within @entity1165 zones. A total of 1,218 spontaneous @entity591 episodes occurred in 51 @entity1 during a mean follow-up of 24.5 +/- 12 months. Among these, 888 VTs were diagnosed. One hundred four fast VTs were detected in the @entity2224 zone and treated with primary shock delivery. @entity855 was attempted 881 times in the remaining 784 @entity1165 episodes. @entity855 terminated 640 VTs successfully, @entity855 failed in 55 VTs finally reverted by shocks, and 89 VTs converted to a slower @entity1165 outside the @entity1165 zone. Fifty-one of these slower VTs reverted spontaneously, and 38 were redetected and treated. Finally, in primary intention-to-treat basis, @entity855 was successful in 691 VTs (88%) and unsuccessful in 93 VTs (12%). There was no influence of @entity1165 cycle length on @entity855 success rate. Furthermore, @entity855 efficacy was similar between @entity1 with left ventricular ejection fraction < or =35% or >35%, between daytime and nighttime, as well as between @entity1 with @entity63 or nonischemic @entity296 . A faster heart rate immediately preceding the onset of @entity1165 (103 +/- 19 vs 78 +/- 14 beats/min, respectively, hazard ratio 4.08, 95% confidence interval 2.11 to 7.89, p <0.001), and absence of beta-blocker therapy (82% vs 93%, respectively, hazard ratio 2.71, 95% confidence interval 1.72 to 4.29, p = 0.02) were found, by Cox proportional-hazard analysis, to be the sole independent predictors of @entity855 ineffectiveness in @entity1479 recipients. Thus, the present study identified both preceding @entity7129 (reflecting an increased sympathetic tone) and lack of beta-blocker use as independent risk factors for reduced success of @entity855 therapy in terminating @entity1165 . Therefore, modification of sympathetic tone may be beneficial for @entity1 with @entity737 .

title: Effect of elevated heart rate preceding the onset of XXXX on antitachycardia pacing effectiveness in @entity1 with @entity737 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICDs', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: The incorporation of antitachycardia pacing ( @entity855 ) into @entity737 ( @entity737 ) has provided a better tolerated alternative to shocks. @entity855 has been shown to be effective in terminating approximately 80% to 90% of spontaneous @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) episodes. Although @entity855 is routinely used, little is known about predictors of @entity855 failure. Based on the evaluation of stored electrograms, we aimed to prospectively follow @entity1 with @entity737 , and to analyze parameters affecting @entity855 effectiveness. One hundred eighteen consecutive @entity1 received @entity737 for standard indications. Before discharge, empirical, standardized @entity855 therapy was programmed in all @entity1 within @entity1165 zones. A total of 1,218 spontaneous @entity591 episodes occurred in 51 @entity1 during a mean follow-up of 24.5 +/- 12 months. Among these, 888 VTs were diagnosed. One hundred four fast VTs were detected in the @entity2224 zone and treated with primary shock delivery. @entity855 was attempted 881 times in the remaining 784 @entity1165 episodes. @entity855 terminated 640 VTs successfully, @entity855 failed in 55 VTs finally reverted by shocks, and 89 VTs converted to a slower @entity1165 outside the @entity1165 zone. Fifty-one of these slower VTs reverted spontaneously, and 38 were redetected and treated. Finally, in primary intention-to-treat basis, @entity855 was successful in 691 VTs (88%) and unsuccessful in 93 VTs (12%). There was no influence of @entity1165 cycle length on @entity855 success rate. Furthermore, @entity855 efficacy was similar between @entity1 with left ventricular ejection fraction < or =35% or >35%, between daytime and nighttime, as well as between @entity1 with @entity63 or nonischemic @entity296 . A faster heart rate immediately preceding the onset of @entity1165 (103 +/- 19 vs 78 +/- 14 beats/min, respectively, hazard ratio 4.08, 95% confidence interval 2.11 to 7.89, p <0.001), and absence of beta-blocker therapy (82% vs 93%, respectively, hazard ratio 2.71, 95% confidence interval 1.72 to 4.29, p = 0.02) were found, by Cox proportional-hazard analysis, to be the sole independent predictors of @entity855 ineffectiveness in @entity1479 recipients. Thus, the present study identified both preceding @entity7129 (reflecting an increased sympathetic tone) and lack of beta-blocker use as independent risk factors for reduced success of @entity855 therapy in terminating @entity1165 . Therefore, modification of sympathetic tone may be beneficial for @entity1 with @entity737 .

title: Effect of elevated heart rate preceding the onset of @entity1165 on antitachycardia pacing effectiveness in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter defibrillators']


abstract: The incorporation of antitachycardia pacing ( @entity855 ) into @entity737 ( @entity737 ) has provided a better tolerated alternative to shocks. @entity855 has been shown to be effective in terminating approximately 80% to 90% of spontaneous @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) episodes. Although @entity855 is routinely used, little is known about predictors of @entity855 failure. Based on the evaluation of stored electrograms, we aimed to prospectively follow @entity1 with @entity737 , and to analyze parameters affecting @entity855 effectiveness. One hundred eighteen consecutive @entity1 received @entity737 for standard indications. Before discharge, empirical, standardized @entity855 therapy was programmed in all @entity1 within @entity1165 zones. A total of 1,218 spontaneous @entity591 episodes occurred in 51 @entity1 during a mean follow-up of 24.5 +/- 12 months. Among these, 888 VTs were diagnosed. One hundred four fast VTs were detected in the @entity2224 zone and treated with primary shock delivery. @entity855 was attempted 881 times in the remaining 784 @entity1165 episodes. @entity855 terminated 640 VTs successfully, @entity855 failed in 55 VTs finally reverted by shocks, and 89 VTs converted to a slower @entity1165 outside the @entity1165 zone. Fifty-one of these slower VTs reverted spontaneously, and 38 were redetected and treated. Finally, in primary intention-to-treat basis, @entity855 was successful in 691 VTs (88%) and unsuccessful in 93 VTs (12%). There was no influence of @entity1165 cycle length on @entity855 success rate. Furthermore, @entity855 efficacy was similar between @entity1 with left ventricular ejection fraction < or =35% or >35%, between daytime and nighttime, as well as between @entity1 with @entity63 or nonischemic @entity296 . A faster heart rate immediately preceding the onset of @entity1165 (103 +/- 19 vs 78 +/- 14 beats/min, respectively, hazard ratio 4.08, 95% confidence interval 2.11 to 7.89, p <0.001), and absence of beta-blocker therapy (82% vs 93%, respectively, hazard ratio 2.71, 95% confidence interval 1.72 to 4.29, p = 0.02) were found, by Cox proportional-hazard analysis, to be the sole independent predictors of @entity855 ineffectiveness in @entity1479 recipients. Thus, the present study identified both preceding @entity7129 (reflecting an increased sympathetic tone) and lack of beta-blocker use as independent risk factors for reduced success of @entity855 therapy in terminating @entity1165 . Therefore, modification of sympathetic tone may be beneficial for @entity1 with @entity737 .

title: Effect of elevated heart rate preceding the onset of @entity1165 on antitachycardia pacing effectiveness in XXXX with @entity737 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is essential for remodeling of @entity63 tissue. The @entity19 hindlimb @entity63 model exhibits tissue remodeling including revascularization in part due to angiogenesis. @entity22534 are type IV collagenases necessary for basement membrane degradation as a part of extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) contain @entity1235 , and in the presence of @entity5781 , are able to activate proMMP-2 in vitro. Activation of @entity22534 may be essential in @entity63 limbs both for tissue remodeling and revascularization via angiogenesis. We hypothesized that @entity22534 would be activated following acute hindlimb @entity63 (HI), and this activation would be temporally related to PMN infiltration. DESIGN OF STUDY: HI was achieved by unilateral femoral artery ligation in 20 FVB/ @entity19 . Five @entity19 underwent sham operation without hindlimb @entity63 . Gastrocnemius muscle was harvested from both hindlimbs at 1, 3, 14, and 30 days following ligation and assayed for @entity22534 (gelatin zymography), and @entity5781 (Western blotting). @entity22534 expression and activation were analyzed by gelatin zymography and quantified by densitometry with NIH Image Analysis software. Neutrophils per high power field were counted. The results were expressed as a ratio of @entity63 to nonischemic limbs and compared at each time point using ANOVA. RESULTS: Zymographic analysis revealed a 212% increase in active @entity5780 3 days postligation (P <.05). Active @entity1235 reached its maximum level (800% over baseline) on postoperative day 3 and continued to be elevated on day 14 (737% over baseline) (P <.05). The increase in active @entity22534 levels paralleled PMN infiltration that also peaked 3 days postligation (1184% over baseline) (P <.05). PMN count, @entity22534 all returned to baseline levels by postoperative Day 30. @entity5781 was present in tissue samples from all time points as confirmed by Western blot. CONCLUSIONS: @entity63 causes an early activation of @entity22534 in temporal relation to PMN infiltration. HI may prime PMNs, leading to their sequestration in @entity63 tissue. Primed PMNs, along with constitutively expressed @entity5781 , may activate @entity22534 and enable tissue remodeling essential for limb revascularization and angiogenesis.

title: Temporal expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases-2, -9, and @entity5781 following acute hindlimb XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic', 'Limb ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is essential for remodeling of @entity63 tissue. The @entity19 hindlimb @entity63 model exhibits tissue remodeling including revascularization in part due to angiogenesis. @entity22534 are type IV collagenases necessary for basement membrane degradation as a part of extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) contain @entity1235 , and in the presence of @entity5781 , are able to activate proMMP-2 in vitro. Activation of @entity22534 may be essential in @entity63 limbs both for tissue remodeling and revascularization via angiogenesis. We hypothesized that @entity22534 would be activated following acute hindlimb @entity63 (HI), and this activation would be temporally related to PMN infiltration. DESIGN OF STUDY: HI was achieved by unilateral femoral artery ligation in 20 FVB/ @entity19 . Five @entity19 underwent sham operation without hindlimb @entity63 . Gastrocnemius muscle was harvested from both hindlimbs at 1, 3, 14, and 30 days following ligation and assayed for @entity22534 (gelatin zymography), and @entity5781 (Western blotting). @entity22534 expression and activation were analyzed by gelatin zymography and quantified by densitometry with NIH Image Analysis software. Neutrophils per high power field were counted. The results were expressed as a ratio of @entity63 to nonischemic limbs and compared at each time point using ANOVA. RESULTS: Zymographic analysis revealed a 212% increase in active @entity5780 3 days postligation (P <.05). Active @entity1235 reached its maximum level (800% over baseline) on postoperative day 3 and continued to be elevated on day 14 (737% over baseline) (P <.05). The increase in active @entity22534 levels paralleled PMN infiltration that also peaked 3 days postligation (1184% over baseline) (P <.05). PMN count, @entity22534 all returned to baseline levels by postoperative Day 30. @entity5781 was present in tissue samples from all time points as confirmed by Western blot. CONCLUSIONS: @entity63 causes an early activation of @entity22534 in temporal relation to PMN infiltration. HI may prime PMNs, leading to their sequestration in @entity63 tissue. Primed PMNs, along with constitutively expressed @entity5781 , may activate @entity22534 and enable tissue remodeling essential for limb revascularization and angiogenesis.

title: Temporal expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases-2, -9, and XXXX following acute hindlimb @entity63 .

answer: @entity5781 :: (17387(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiation effects make operative dissection difficult, impair subsequent healing, and increase morbidity. This study evaluates tissue reinforcement of the irradiated bronchus as a modality to reduce morbidity after lobectomy for @entity2 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all @entity1 who had preoperative radiotherapy before lobectomy for @entity2 between May 1977 and June 2000. RESULTS: There were 56 @entity1 (33 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 ) who ranged in age from 42 to 80 years (median, 59 years). Bronchial stump reinforcement included no coverage in 24 @entity1 (42.8%), mediastinal tissue (parietal pleura, pericardial fat, or azygos vein) in 16 (28.6%), and muscle (serratus anterior) in 16 (28.6%). Median preoperative radiation dose was 4,600 cGy (range, 3,000 to 9,810 cGy) and did not differ between the groups. There were three @entity204 (13%) in the no coverage group, one (6%) in the mediastinal tissue group, and one (6%) in the muscle group (NS). Pulmonary complication rate was 67% in the no coverage group, 44% in the mediastinal group, and 25% in the muscle group (p = 0.03). Median duration of chest tube drainage was 8 days in the no coverage group, 6 days in the mediastinal group, and 5 days in the muscle group (p = 0.006). Median hospital stay was 13 days in the no coverage group, 9 days in the mediastinal group, and 7 days in the muscle group (p = 0.02). @entity1 in the muscle group had reduced hospital stay, duration of chest tube drainage, and @entity358 compared with the other two groups (p < 0.05). Subjectively, presence and magnitude of @entity282 , range of motion, and strength of the upper extremity of the muscle flap side were not different between the groups (p = NS). Follow-up was complete and ranged from 4 to 147 months (median, 17 months). CONCLUSIONS: Tissue reinforcement of the irradiated bronchus after lobectomy reduces postoperative morbidity and hospitalization. @entity121 may be preferred.

title: Management of the irradiated bronchus after lobectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Transposition muscle flap']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The coagulation and fibrinolytic function of 100 cases (male 75, female 25) of @entity130 limited to the head was evaluated in acute phase. The coagulation and fibrinolytic function was evaluated by 6 parameters, consisting of platelet counts, PT, APTT, fibrinogen, serum @entity50579 , and protamine @entity597 test. @entity542 was categorized into 5 groups according to CT findings: subdural @entity1410 (SDH: 13 cases), @entity131 (CC: 46 cases), @entity4282 (EDH: 21 cases), skull @entity174 only (Fr: 14 cases), and cerebral concussion (Co: 6 cases). The results were as follows, in 19 dead cases, severe @entity1003 was observed. In @entity130 group (SDH + CC), serum @entity50579 level was markedly elevated. The incidence of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) following @entity542 was 24% (in dead cases 73.7% in survival cases 12.3%) of all cases, and mortality of cases with @entity5642 was exceedingly high (58.3%). In 14 dead cases with @entity5642 , the @entity1 did not recover from @entity5642 , and their mean survival time was only 89.2 hours. In 10 survival cases with @entity5642 , the @entity1 recovered from @entity5642 . APTT was the most important to estimate the mortality of @entity542 . Thus, the evaluation of coagulation and fibrinolytic function in @entity542 in acute phase is not only important to know the occurrence of @entity5642 , but also useful to predict the severity and prognosis of @entity542 .

title: [Disturbance of the coagulatory system in @entity1 with XXXX in acute phase].

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral contusion']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head injury', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: The coagulation and fibrinolytic function of 100 cases (male 75, female 25) of @entity130 limited to the head was evaluated in acute phase. The coagulation and fibrinolytic function was evaluated by 6 parameters, consisting of platelet counts, PT, APTT, fibrinogen, serum @entity50579 , and protamine @entity597 test. @entity542 was categorized into 5 groups according to CT findings: subdural @entity1410 (SDH: 13 cases), @entity131 (CC: 46 cases), @entity4282 (EDH: 21 cases), skull @entity174 only (Fr: 14 cases), and cerebral concussion (Co: 6 cases). The results were as follows, in 19 dead cases, severe @entity1003 was observed. In @entity130 group (SDH + CC), serum @entity50579 level was markedly elevated. The incidence of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) following @entity542 was 24% (in dead cases 73.7% in survival cases 12.3%) of all cases, and mortality of cases with @entity5642 was exceedingly high (58.3%). In 14 dead cases with @entity5642 , the @entity1 did not recover from @entity5642 , and their mean survival time was only 89.2 hours. In 10 survival cases with @entity5642 , the @entity1 recovered from @entity5642 . APTT was the most important to estimate the mortality of @entity542 . Thus, the evaluation of coagulation and fibrinolytic function in @entity542 in acute phase is not only important to know the occurrence of @entity5642 , but also useful to predict the severity and prognosis of @entity542 .

title: [Disturbance of the coagulatory system in XXXX with @entity542 in acute phase].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate objectively and subjectively the long-term outcome of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in @entity1 with high and very high @entity1714 . SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany. METHODS: Thirty-three eyes of 19 @entity1 were followed for a mean of 76 months (range 50 to 84 months) after primary LASIK using the Keratom I excimer laser (Schwind) and the @entity7041 microkeratome (Chiron). Refraction, glare, pachymetry, corneal topography, and tear-film secretion and stability were measured. At the last examination, @entity1 also answered a 14-item questionnaire. RESULTS: Preoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent was -13.65 diopters (D). At 1 year, it was -0.25 D and after 6 years, -0.88 D. Fifteen percent of eyes lost > or =2 lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and 9% gained > or =2 Snellen lines. At the end of the study, 46% of eyes were within +/-1.0 D of the attempted corrected and 88% were within +/-3.0 D. There were 5 microkeratome-associated complications; 3 resulted in loss of BSCVA. The latest pachymetry showed a mean corneal thickness of 498.5 microm (range 396 to 552 microm). There were no cases of keratectasia. Seventy-five percent of @entity1 noted an increase in their quality of life. Seventy-one percent were satisfied with their postoperative visual acuity; however, 75% noticed glare and halos at night. CONCLUSIONS: Laser in situ keratomileusis correction of very high @entity1714 did not cause keratectasia in the long term provided the corneal thickness was respected. A flap thickness setting of 130 microm with a first-generation microkeratome resulted in a high number of cut failures. Most @entity1 were happy with the results despite a modest level of accuracy and glare.

title: Six-year follow-up of laser in situ keratomileusis for moderate and extreme XXXX using a first-generation excimer laser and microkeratome.

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Endorectal coil MRI (endoMRI) of the prostate is useful to evaluate @entity5 localization. There is little evidence on @entity1 characteristics affecting its diagnostic performance. We evaluate the influence of clinical and histological parameters on the accuracy of endoMRI. METHODS: Sixty-nine @entity1 with @entity263 were included. After virtually dividing the prostate into pixels of 1 cm2, results of endoMRI were compared with those from prostatectomy specimens' whole-mount sections. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to calculate the impact of clinical and histological parameters on the number of appropriately described pixels. RESULTS: In 9, no @entity5 could be demonstrated by endoMRI. 48.3% of @entity1 were staged correctly, 23.3% were over- and 28.3% understaged. Mean rates of correctly labeled pixels were 0.44 (   0.04 SEM) for @entity5 and 0.90 (   0.01) for benign segments. In univariate analysis, the rate of correctly labeled @entity5 segments showed significant positive correlations with Gleason score >= 7 and negative correlations with prostate weight and multifocality. The rate of correctly labeled benign segments showed significant negative correlation with @entity5 weight. All factors were independent variables in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The reliability of endoMRI depends on clinical parameters. Higher Gleason scores, unifocal @entity5 and smaller prostate volumes ameliorate endoMRI performance.

title: Impact of clinical parameters on the diagnostic accuracy of endorectal coil MRI for the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD) are frequent in @entity1 with @entity195 and cause considerable stress to @entity1 and their carers. Antipsychotics have been widely used as a first-line treatment, resulting in an estimated 1,800 excess @entity64 and 1,600 excess deaths in the UK alone. Safe and effective alternatives are urgently needed. Based upon preliminary evidence from clinical trials, aromatherapy with melissa oil may be such an alternative, but initial studies have been modest in size, and adequate blinding has been problematic. Our objective was to assess the efficacy of melissa aromatherapy in the treatment of @entity2146 in @entity1 with @entity195 in an adequately powered and robustly blinded randomized controlled trial comparing it with @entity8124 , an anticholinesterase drug used with some benefit to treat BPSD. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The study was a double-blind parallel-group placebo-controlled randomized trial across 3 specialist old age psychiatry centres in England. @entity1 had probable or possible @entity195 , were resident in a care home, had clinically significant @entity2146 (defined as a score of 39 or above on the Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory) and were free of antipsychotics and/or anticholinesterase for at least 2 weeks. @entity1 were allocated to 1 of 3 groups: placebo medication and active aromatherapy; active medication and placebo aromatherapy or placebo of both. MAIN OUTCOME: The primary outcome measure was reduction in @entity2146 as assessed by the Pittsburgh Agitation Scale (PAS) at 4 weeks. This is an observational scale, and raters were required to wear nose clips to ensure that full blinding was maintained. The PAS, @entity146 Inventory (NPI; another measure of BPSD) and other outcome measures were completed at baseline, 4-week and 12-week follow-ups. 114 @entity1 were randomized, of whom 94 completed the week 4 assessment and 81 completed the week 12 assessment. Aromatherapy and @entity8124 were well tolerated. There were no significant differences between aromatherapy, @entity8124 and placebo at week 4 and week 12, but importantly there were substantial improvements in all 3 groups with an 18% improvement in the PAS and a 37% improvement in the NPI over 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: When assessed using a rigorous design which ensures blinding of treatment arms, there is no evidence that melissa aromatherapy is superior to placebo or @entity8124 , in the treatment of @entity2146 in @entity1 with @entity195 . However, the sizeable improvement in the placebo group emphasizes the potential non-specific benefits of touch and interaction in the treatment of @entity2146 in @entity1 with @entity195 .

title: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of Melissa officinalis oil and XXXX for the treatment of @entity2146 in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

answer: @entity8124 :: (MESH:C076946,Chemical) :: ['donepezil']