abstract: The acute effects of an intravenous infusion of @entity8633 ( @entity12962 ) (4 mg . kg-1) on left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics, coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF), and myocardial metabolism were studied in eight @entity1 with @entity453 . In contrast with data previously reported with @entity460 channel blockers, @entity12962 induced an elevation in LV end-diastolic pressure from 12.0 +/- 7.1 to 20.1 +/- 7.2 mm Hg (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001) and a fall in LV dp/dt max from 1339 +/- 302 to 1177 +/- 251 mm Hg . @entity8639 (p less than 0.01). This significant alteration in LV function is likely to be explained by the lack of effect on heart rate and aortic pressure observed after an acute intravenous infusion of @entity12962 . Myocardial @entity26 consumption (MVO2) increased from 448 +/- 272 to 498 +/- 273 mumol . @entity1009 (p less than 0.05) as did CSBF from 79.5 +/- 42.7 to 92.1 +/- 45.1 ml X @entity1009 (p less than 0.01). Lactate extraction fell from 0.33 +/- 0.17 to 0.15 +/- 0.17 (p less than 0.05). A contrast medium-induced @entity301 ( @entity450 ) evidenced an increased hyperemic volume from 9.5 +/- 3.6 to 12.1 +/- 4.5 ml/100 g LV (p less than 0.01) and @entity450 duration from 23.3 +/- 6.9 to 32.3 +/- 15.4 sec (p less than 0.05) after @entity12962 . However, the peak/resting CSBF ratio was blunted after @entity12962 from 1.74 +/- 0.18 to 1.61 +/- 0.12 (p less than 0.05), evidencing a net effect of @entity12962 on @entity450 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Alterations in contrast medium-induced XXXX after bepridil in @entity1 with @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary reactive hyperemia']


abstract: The acute effects of an intravenous infusion of @entity8633 ( @entity12962 ) (4 mg . kg-1) on left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics, coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF), and myocardial metabolism were studied in eight @entity1 with @entity453 . In contrast with data previously reported with @entity460 channel blockers, @entity12962 induced an elevation in LV end-diastolic pressure from 12.0 +/- 7.1 to 20.1 +/- 7.2 mm Hg (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001) and a fall in LV dp/dt max from 1339 +/- 302 to 1177 +/- 251 mm Hg . @entity8639 (p less than 0.01). This significant alteration in LV function is likely to be explained by the lack of effect on heart rate and aortic pressure observed after an acute intravenous infusion of @entity12962 . Myocardial @entity26 consumption (MVO2) increased from 448 +/- 272 to 498 +/- 273 mumol . @entity1009 (p less than 0.05) as did CSBF from 79.5 +/- 42.7 to 92.1 +/- 45.1 ml X @entity1009 (p less than 0.01). Lactate extraction fell from 0.33 +/- 0.17 to 0.15 +/- 0.17 (p less than 0.05). A contrast medium-induced @entity301 ( @entity450 ) evidenced an increased hyperemic volume from 9.5 +/- 3.6 to 12.1 +/- 4.5 ml/100 g LV (p less than 0.01) and @entity450 duration from 23.3 +/- 6.9 to 32.3 +/- 15.4 sec (p less than 0.05) after @entity12962 . However, the peak/resting CSBF ratio was blunted after @entity12962 from 1.74 +/- 0.18 to 1.61 +/- 0.12 (p less than 0.05), evidencing a net effect of @entity12962 on @entity450 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Alterations in contrast medium-induced @entity301 after bepridil in XXXX with @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary reactive hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8633 :: ('MESH:D015764', 'Chemical') :: ['bepridil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The development of a group of @entity460 channel blockers that prolong the QT interval has raised interest in their possible proarrhythmic potential. In animal experiments @entity38763 has no observed arrhythmogenic potential and no antiarrhythmic potential in a model sensitive to the antiarrhythmic properties of both conventional and investigational agents. This lack of antiarrhythmic potential reduces the possible proarrhythmic potential even further, since it has been my observation that many of the more potent antiarrhythmic agents may facilitate @entity943 in a considerable percentage of the most severely ill @entity1 . Bepridil has both slow channel blocking properties and fast channel blocking effects and thus possesses an antiarrhythmic effect beyond the prolongation of repolarization. Even though early studies with @entity1 showed the drug to be no more effective than the conventional reference agent @entity1818 , its potential cannot be fully assessed by these preliminary studies. The assessment of arrhythmogenicity is determined by use of the technique of PES. This technique has been shown effective in identifying @entity1 with electrical instability and in identifying the effectiveness of antiarrhythmic agents in preventing VT and @entity944 . Thus it seems probable that PES studies may be effective in predicting which drug or agent would facilitate @entity943 . @entity167 , @entity5834 , cigarette smoke, and @entity2661 facilitate PES induction of VT, lending support to the hypothesis that PES studies can be used to identify proarrhythmic drugs. In fact, @entity1 who experience @entity1167 on a class I agent can have VT provoked on that agent but not on antiarrhythmic drug therapy. PES thus identifies the proarrhythmic effect of the drug in that particular @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX channel blockers that prolong the QT interval.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity38763 :: ('MESH:D008013', 'Chemical') :: ['lidoflazine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: The pathologic changes of nerves in @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ), a rare @entity16 with selective focal conduction block of motor fibers in mixed nerves, remain essentially unstudied. Fascicular nerve biopsy of 8 forearm or arm nerves in 7 @entity1 with typical @entity1897 was undertaken for diagnostic reasons at the site of the conduction block. @entity854 were seen in 7 of 8 nerves, including a varying degree of multifocal fiber @entity528 , an altered fiber size distribution with fewer large fibers, an increased frequency of remyelinated fiber profiles, and frequent and prominent regenerating fiber clusters. Small epineurial perivascular inflammatory infiltrates were observed in 2 nerves. We did not observe @entity17 or onion bulb formation. We hypothesize that an antibody-mediated attack directed against components of axolemma at nodes of Ranvier could cause conduction block, transitory paranodal @entity17 and regeneration. Alternatively, the antibody attack could be directed at components of paranodal myelin. We favor the first hypothesis because in nerves studied by us, axonal pathological alteration predominated over myelin pathology. Irrespective of which mechanism is involved, we conclude that the unequivocal multifocal fiber @entity528 and regenerative clusters at sites of conduction block explains the observed clinical @entity425 and @entity194 and alterations of motor unit potentials. The occurrence of conduction block and multifocal @entity528 and regeneration at the same sites suggests that the processes of conduction block and @entity528 and regeneration are linked. Finding discrete multifocal @entity528 may also provide an explanation for why the functional abnormalities remain unchanged over long periods of time at discrete proximal to distal levels of nerve and may emphasize a need for early intervention (assuming that efficacious treatment is available).

title: XXXX : pathologic alterations at the site of conduction block.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination and remyelination, and axonal degeneration', 'overt segmental demyelination']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['MMN', 'multifocal motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration and loss', 'fiber degeneration']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Multifocal motor neuropathy']


abstract: Adipose derived stromal cells (ADSCs) were transplanted into a developing @entity19 eye to investigate the influence of a developing host micro environment on integration and differentiation. Green fluorescent protein-expressing ADSCs were transplanted by intraocular injections. The age of the @entity19 was in the range of 1 to 10 days @entity16843 ( @entity16843 ). Survival dates ranged from 7 to 28 post transplantation (DPT), at which time immunohistochemistry was performed. The transplanted ADSCs displayed some morphological differentiations in the host eye. Some cells expressed @entity7001 (marker for mature neuron), or glial fibrillary acid protein (marker for glial cell). In addition, some cells integrated into the ganglion cell layer. The integration and differentiation of the transplanted ADSCs in the 5 and 10 @entity16843 7 DPT were better than in the host eye the other age ranges. This study was aimed at demonstrating how the age of host micro environment would influence the differentiation and integration of the transplanted ADSCs. However, it was found that the integration and differentiation into the developing retina were very limited when compared with other stem cells, such as @entity19 brain progenitor cell.

title: Transplantation of adipose derived stromal cells into the developing XXXX eye.

entities_list: @entity7001 :: ('17756(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule associated protein 2']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In order to examine the effect of treatment of mild @entity101 of the aged, a 4 year prospective trial was performed in 41 placebo and 38 drug-treated @entity1 with an average age of 76.5 years. @entity1 were matched for blood pressure, sex and age. @entity1 with @entity65 or blood pressure elevation above 200/110 were categorized as dropouts and totaled 17 cases (41.5%) in the placebo group, and 4 cases (10.5%) in the drug-treated group (p less than 0.01). In diastolic @entity101 , dropouts formed 63.6% of the placebo group (mean BP, 170/92), and 9.5% of the drug group (mean BP, 179/94) (p less than 0.001). In systolic @entity101 , dropouts were of 15.8% in the placebo group (mean BP, 164/79), and of 11.8% in the drug group (mean BP, 167/79), and no significant difference was observed. In the placebo group, dropouts were significantly higher in @entity1 with pretreatment systolic blood pressure over 170 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure over 90 mmHg. In @entity1 of 75 years of age or more, dropouts were 46.4% in the placebo group, and 13.0% in the drug treated group showing the beneficial effect of drug treatment even in those over the age of 75. However, no beneficial effect was observed over the age of 85. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of total case revealed that the greatest predictor for dropout was the presence of placebo (i.e. no treatment), explaining 12.2% of the variation in future dropout. Similarly, diastolic @entity101 explained 7.5%, @entity1011 6.7%, and age 4.6% of this variation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The treatment of mild XXXX in the elderly, a prospective study using multiple regression analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The relationship of the T cell influences involved in @entity1 B cell activation and differentiation into immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) was investigated. T cell supernatants (T supt) generated by stimulating T cells with phytohemagglutinin and @entity4514 contained activities capable of augmenting DNA synthesis and the growth of mitogen-stimulated B cells and supporting the differentiation of ISC. To examine the role of T supt in B cell activation and the progression through the cell cycle, T cell- and monocyte-depleted B cells were stimulated with formalinized Cowan I strain @entity794 (SA), and the percentages of cells in G1, S, and G2 + M were determined by acridine orange staining and analysis. In all experiments, a similar percentage of cells entered G1 during the first 24 to 36 hr of culture when stimulated with SA or SA + T supt. Similar results were seen when B cell activation was analyzed by acquisition of a number of other markers of cell activation. Analysis of cell cycle progression with @entity18377 staining of cellular DNA in the presence or absence of @entity5713 to arrest mitosis indicated that SA-activated B cells were able to complete S and divide in the absence of T supt. Although an effect of T supt on the progression of B cells through the S phase was evident during the first cell cycle, the major effect only became apparent after the first round of cell division. Although T supt was not necessary for initial B cell activation, T cell influences were absolutely necessary for the differentiation of ISC. T supt did not need to be present during the initial 24 to 36 hr of incubation to permit subsequent generation of ISC. However, when T supt was present initially, an increased number of ISC were produced. Hydroxyurea elimination of cells traversing the G1-S interphase indicated that reception of the differentiation signal occurred before the S phase, but that the generation of ISC required subsequent DNA synthesis and/or cell division. Although precursors of ISC were entirely contained within the population triggered to divide by SA alone, there was no preferential expansion of such precursors as a result of SA stimulation. These results indicate that T cell signals are not absolutely necessary for initial B cell activation and progression through the first cell cycle, although T cell factors promote DNA synthesis by some activated B cells. In contrast, differentiation into ISC is completely dependent on T cell influences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The roles of T cell factors in activation, cell cycle progression, and differentiation of XXXX B cells.

entities_list: @entity18377 :: ('MESH:D008926', 'Chemical') :: ['mithramycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent study reported that the @entity1386 associated A-allele of @entity18957 @entity18956 increased plasma high sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP) levels independent of @entity1386 . We aimed to investigate if this gene variant had @entity1386 -independent effects on plasma hs-CRP and 10 additional circulating @entity28 -related adipokines throughout a broad range of body mass index (BMI) among Danish @entity1 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a population of 362,200 young @entity1 , examined for military service between 1943 and 1977, two groups were identified: 1) a random 1% sample and 2) all @entity28 @entity1 (BMI=31.0 kg/m(2), all of whom were above the 99(th) percentile of this population). At an average age of 49 years (range: 39 through 65 years), 551 @entity1 , hereof 231 of the @entity28 , were re-examined, including genotyping and measurement of the fasting circulating inflammatory markers hs-CRP, @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity8923 , @entity10557 , @entity12868 , sTNFa-R1, @entity2533 , @entity310 and leptin. @entity1 with known disease were excluded from the examination. All the inflammatory markers were log-transformed to approximate a normal distribution. Genotype-phenotype relationships were studied using linear regression analyses with the inflammatory markers as the response variable. Significant positive associations between hs-CRP, leptin and a broad range of BMI were observed, but the associations did not significantly differ across @entity18957 @entity18956 genotype. There were no significant associations between the other inflammatory markers, @entity18957 @entity18956 genotype or BMI, respectively. CONCLUSION: No @entity1386 -independent effects of the @entity18957 @entity18956 A-allele on a series of inflammatory markers were observed in this cohort of healthy middle-aged @entity1 representing a broad range of @entity1386 .

title: Influences of the common XXXX @entity18956 variant on inflammatory markers throughout a broad range of body mass index.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity18957 :: (79068,Gene) :: ['FTO']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent study reported that the @entity1386 associated A-allele of @entity18957 @entity18956 increased plasma high sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP) levels independent of @entity1386 . We aimed to investigate if this gene variant had @entity1386 -independent effects on plasma hs-CRP and 10 additional circulating @entity28 -related adipokines throughout a broad range of body mass index (BMI) among Danish @entity1 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a population of 362,200 young @entity1 , examined for military service between 1943 and 1977, two groups were identified: 1) a random 1% sample and 2) all @entity28 @entity1 (BMI=31.0 kg/m(2), all of whom were above the 99(th) percentile of this population). At an average age of 49 years (range: 39 through 65 years), 551 @entity1 , hereof 231 of the @entity28 , were re-examined, including genotyping and measurement of the fasting circulating inflammatory markers hs-CRP, @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity8923 , @entity10557 , @entity12868 , sTNFa-R1, @entity2533 , @entity310 and leptin. @entity1 with known disease were excluded from the examination. All the inflammatory markers were log-transformed to approximate a normal distribution. Genotype-phenotype relationships were studied using linear regression analyses with the inflammatory markers as the response variable. Significant positive associations between hs-CRP, leptin and a broad range of BMI were observed, but the associations did not significantly differ across @entity18957 @entity18956 genotype. There were no significant associations between the other inflammatory markers, @entity18957 @entity18956 genotype or BMI, respectively. CONCLUSION: No @entity1386 -independent effects of the @entity18957 @entity18956 A-allele on a series of inflammatory markers were observed in this cohort of healthy middle-aged @entity1 representing a broad range of @entity1386 .

title: Influences of the common @entity18957 XXXX variant on inflammatory markers throughout a broad range of body mass index.

answer: @entity18956 :: (rs9939609,SNP) :: ['rs9939609']


abstract: The theme of this paper is the use of optical spectroscopy to diagnose invisible pre- @entity5 in @entity1 undergoing endoscopy and similar medical procedures. We describe three techniques that provide diagnostic information and two instruments to implement them, the FastEEM for studying small regions of tissue and the @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ) imaging system for wide-area surveillance. The FastEEM is an optical fiber clinical device that collects spectra of reflected light and fluorescence at multiple excitation wavelengths from the tissue, all in a fraction of a second. Quantitative information is obtained in real time, without removing the tissue and without the need for staining and fixation. Three types of spectral information are extracted intrinsic fluorescence, diffuse reflectance and elastic light scattering. Each of the three analyses is based on a biophysical model, and each provides complementary quantitative physical and chemical information about cellular/tissue structures. This information is used to make a combined spectral diagnosis, a method we call tri-modal spectroscopy (TMS). Promising clinical studies are being carried out on @entity1 undergoing routine pre- @entity5 surveillance in the oral cavity, the uterine cervix and the gastrointestinal tract. The @entity3917 imaging system provides wide-area spectroscopic images of the epithelium, typically 2 cm in each dimension, depicting the size distribution and chromatin content of the cell nuclei, which are key parameters in diagnosing pre- @entity5 . This instrument is in preclinical stages of development, although a laboratory prototype has been used to create diagnostic images in resected @entity1586 samples. The combination of the TMS/FastEEM and @entity3917 imaging instrument will constitute a powerful new diagnostic tool, with @entity3917 imaging to provide wide area surveillance and the TMS probe to provide detailed information on suspect tissue sites.

title: Spectroscopic diagnosis and imaging of invisible pre- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['LSS', 'light scattering spectroscopy']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colon polyp']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Black @entity0 survivors have high rates of @entity28 and low physical activity levels. Little is known about the acceptability and feasibility of interventions in this population. OBJECTIVE: A two-arm RCT was launched to assess the efficacy of a culturally targeted 12-week multimodal lifestyle intervention in overweight and @entity28 black survivors. METHODS: Intervention components included nutrition education, exercise groups, and survivor-led motivational interviewing phone sessions. The analytic sample included @entity1 who completed the trial (intervention n=10; control n=12). Anthropometric measures, physical activity, and VO2max were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Change scores (intervention vs. control) were assessed with Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. A process evaluation assessed intervention acceptability. RESULTS: Overall adherence was 70% and overall satisfaction was high (86%). Despite the 5% weight loss target, the intervention group lost 0.8% but BMI improved. Total physical activity levels increased in the intervention vs. control arm (+3501METmin/week vs. +965METmin/week, respectively). VO2max improved in the intervention group (+0.10  1.03kg/L/min). Intervention @entity1 reduced energy intake (-207.3  31.5kcals) and showed improvements in fat intake (-15.5  3.8g), fiber (+3.2  1.2g) and % energy from fat (-4.8  3.1%). Survivors suggested providing diet/exercise information within a @entity5 context. CONCLUSIONS: Group and individualized intervention strategies are acceptable to black survivors. Observed differences between self-report and objective outcomes may suggest reporting bias or changes in body composition. Increasing supervised intervention components and assessment of body composition will be important for future trials.

title: The feasibility and acceptability of a diet and exercise trial in overweight and @entity28 black XXXX survivors: The Stepping STONE study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Black @entity0 survivors have high rates of @entity28 and low physical activity levels. Little is known about the acceptability and feasibility of interventions in this population. OBJECTIVE: A two-arm RCT was launched to assess the efficacy of a culturally targeted 12-week multimodal lifestyle intervention in overweight and @entity28 black survivors. METHODS: Intervention components included nutrition education, exercise groups, and survivor-led motivational interviewing phone sessions. The analytic sample included @entity1 who completed the trial (intervention n=10; control n=12). Anthropometric measures, physical activity, and VO2max were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Change scores (intervention vs. control) were assessed with Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. A process evaluation assessed intervention acceptability. RESULTS: Overall adherence was 70% and overall satisfaction was high (86%). Despite the 5% weight loss target, the intervention group lost 0.8% but BMI improved. Total physical activity levels increased in the intervention vs. control arm (+3501METmin/week vs. +965METmin/week, respectively). VO2max improved in the intervention group (+0.10  1.03kg/L/min). Intervention @entity1 reduced energy intake (-207.3  31.5kcals) and showed improvements in fat intake (-15.5  3.8g), fiber (+3.2  1.2g) and % energy from fat (-4.8  3.1%). Survivors suggested providing diet/exercise information within a @entity5 context. CONCLUSIONS: Group and individualized intervention strategies are acceptable to black survivors. Observed differences between self-report and objective outcomes may suggest reporting bias or changes in body composition. Increasing supervised intervention components and assessment of body composition will be important for future trials.

title: The feasibility and acceptability of a diet and exercise trial in overweight and XXXX black @entity0 survivors: The Stepping STONE study.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to quantify Scheimpflug corneal densitometry in @entity1 with @entity13189 ( @entity13189 ). METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the charts and anterior segment data of 49 @entity1 with @entity13189 before posterior lamellar keratoplasty and 51 healthy controls. The @entity1 were examined using the Scheimpflug-based Oculus Pentacam. @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ), ring-averaged (on a circle of 2, 2.4-10 mm diameter) noncentral @entity2687 , and densitometry data in different corneal layers and in different annuli were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: The total corneal light backscatter at total @entity2687 ( @entity2687 ) and at total diameter was significantly higher in the @entity13189 group when compared with the control group ( @entity13189 group: 28.8    6.7; control group: 24.3    4.1; P < 0.001). When the corneal surface was divided into concentric annular zones at total @entity2687 , the differences were significant only in the 2 central annuli (P < 0.001). The total corneal light backscatter at total @entity2687 in the central 0-2 mm annulus correlated moderately with the central @entity2687 (Pearson's correlation = 0.55, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal light backscatter in the central cornea was greater in @entity1 with @entity13189 than in normal subjects. Corneal densitometry enables us to evaluate the optical quality of the @entity33295 and in different annuli. It is a useful, objective method that, in combination with central @entity2687 and corneal central-to-peripheral thickness ratio, can help to quantify @entity13189 severity.

title: Corneal Densitometry, Central Corneal Thickness, and Corneal Central-to-Peripheral Thickness Ratio in XXXX With Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy.

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['Central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'corneal thickness']

entities_list: @entity33295 :: ('MESH:C535476', 'Disease') :: ['cornea in different corneal layers']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ['FED', 'Fuchs endothelial dystrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Needle-free vaccine delivery has become a global priority, both to eliminate the risk of improper and unsafe needle use and to simplify vaccination procedures. In pursuit of greater ease of vaccination, a number of needle-free delivery routes have been explored, with mucosal routes being perhaps the most prominent. Since the vaccine administration route significantly affects immune responses, numerous researchers are attempting to develop alternative vaccine delivery methods including a mucosal route. My group's recent studies demonstrate the potential of the sublingual (s.l.) route for delivering vaccines capable of inducing mucosal as well as systemic immune responses. Sublingual administration conferred effective protection against a lethal challenge with @entity778 . Moreover, @entity9350 - @entity11274 / @entity3024 -regulated dendritic cells are responsible for activation of T and B cells following s.l. administration. This review highlights current knowledge about the safety and effectiveness of s.l. vaccination and describes how s.l. vaccination can induce both @entity1200 .

title: Sublingual mucosa: A new vaccination route for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza virus (H1N1) or genital papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['systemic and mucosal immunity']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['systemic and mucosal immunity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary @entity460 and variables that include body mass index, @entity1144 , metabolic profile, and blood pressure levels in renal transplant @entity1 . DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted. SETTING: Eligible @entity1 were recruited from renal transplant outpatient clinics at Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. @entity1 : A total of 40 @entity1 and 34 @entity1 aged >18 years who had received kidney transplants in the past >= 12  months were included in this study. INTERVENTION: All @entity1 underwent clinical, dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical evaluation. RESULTS: @entity1 were classified into the following 2 groups on the basis of their mean dietary @entity460 intake: group A (<600 mg/day) and group B (>= 600 mg/day). @entity1 in group B presented significantly lower levels of waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as compared with those in group A (P = .04 and P = .005, respectively), after adjusting for confounding variables such as energy intake, gender, age, physical activity, time since transplantation, and @entity229 dose. After controlling for potential confounders, including energy intake and physical activity, subjects in group B had a lower odds ratio for prevalent @entity1144 as compared with those in group A (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.94; P = .04). Body mass index was significantly lower in @entity1 with higher @entity460 intake; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance after adjustments for confounding factors. Metabolic profile and blood pressure levels were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study suggest that a higher dietary @entity460 intake may be associated with lower abdominal adiposity in renal transplant @entity1 .

title: A pilot study on the relation between dietary XXXX and clinical parameters in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whereas indications expand and results improve with increasing refinements to the Fontan procedure the overall impact on outcomes related to @entity1145 remains suboptimally defined. METHODS: We reviewed 225 consecutive @entity1 presenting between 1971 and 1999. All @entity1 had classic @entity1145 with absent right @entity1145 and with D-transposition of the great arteries in 21%, pulmonary outflow obstruction in 75%, and aortic outflow obstruction in 11%. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 died before any intervention and 3 @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Palliative procedures (includes 151 with systemic shunt, 27 pulmonary artery banding, 60 venous shunt) were performed in 203 @entity1 , with 44 deaths, 8 @entity1 awaiting Fontan, 12 @entity1 Fontan contraindicated, and 11 @entity1 lost-to-follow-up. A total of 137 @entity1 had the Fontan procedure (9 @entity1 without previous procedures) with 7 early deaths, 11 late deaths, and 3 @entity1 progressing to heart transplantation. Total survival for the cohort was 90% at the age of 1 month, 81% at 1 year, 70% at 10 years, and 60% at 20 years with no significant change over the time period. Independent factors associated with ineligibility or death without Fontan (n = 68, 30%) included earlier birth date, lower birth weight, presence of @entity6127 and greater @entity4265 , and no palliative procedure. There were no significant changes in mortality with Fontan over the study time period with survival of 95% at 1 month, 93% at 1year, and 82% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in outcomes with @entity1145 will require attention to management and risk factors before Fontan.

title: Outcomes of XXXX in the Fontan era.

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia', 'atrioventricular connection']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity6127 :: ('MESH:D007569', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch anomaly']

answer: @entity1145 :: (MESH:D018785,Disease) :: ['tricuspid atresia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a trial of a new less invasive, locoregional modality for @entity2 with @entity456 . This study was planned to investigate the feasibility, safety, and pharmacokinetics of pleural perfusion thermochemotherapy (PPTC) under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and its modified method with a short perfusion time for preventing @entity16 to the lung during the procedure. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 , 59 to 79 years old, underwent surgical resection of the primary lesions and PPTC under VATS without thoracotomy. All had @entity456 with @entity2 proven before the treatment. PPTC consists of irrigating the pleural space with 42 degrees C saline solution containing @entity900 (200 mg/m(2)) using a devised circuit. The time for perfusion was two hours in 10 @entity1 (group L), and one hour in 7 @entity1 (group S). RESULTS: All @entity1 successfully completed this treatment with acceptable @entity137 . The pharmacokinetic analysis showed that high @entity902 levels for the regional pleural exposure, which was 20- to 40-fold greater than those for the plasma in both groups. These values were equivalent between the groups, although the levels for the plasma were higher in group L than in group S. @entity358 was seen in 4 @entity1 with no serious conditions in group L, and none in group S. The median survival for the L and S groups was 17 and 19 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This less invasive modality seems to offer a safe, feasible, and pharmacokinetically advantageous procedure to have excellent local control for @entity2 with @entity456 .

title: Pleural perfusion thermo-chemotherapy under VATS: a new less invasive modality for advanced XXXX with @entity456 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['heat damage']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['malignant effusion due to lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative lung damage']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural spread']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a trial of a new less invasive, locoregional modality for @entity2 with @entity456 . This study was planned to investigate the feasibility, safety, and pharmacokinetics of pleural perfusion thermochemotherapy (PPTC) under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and its modified method with a short perfusion time for preventing @entity16 to the lung during the procedure. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 , 59 to 79 years old, underwent surgical resection of the primary lesions and PPTC under VATS without thoracotomy. All had @entity456 with @entity2 proven before the treatment. PPTC consists of irrigating the pleural space with 42 degrees C saline solution containing @entity900 (200 mg/m(2)) using a devised circuit. The time for perfusion was two hours in 10 @entity1 (group L), and one hour in 7 @entity1 (group S). RESULTS: All @entity1 successfully completed this treatment with acceptable @entity137 . The pharmacokinetic analysis showed that high @entity902 levels for the regional pleural exposure, which was 20- to 40-fold greater than those for the plasma in both groups. These values were equivalent between the groups, although the levels for the plasma were higher in group L than in group S. @entity358 was seen in 4 @entity1 with no serious conditions in group L, and none in group S. The median survival for the L and S groups was 17 and 19 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This less invasive modality seems to offer a safe, feasible, and pharmacokinetically advantageous procedure to have excellent local control for @entity2 with @entity456 .

title: Pleural perfusion thermo-chemotherapy under VATS: a new less invasive modality for advanced @entity2 with XXXX .

answer: @entity456 :: (MESH:D010995,Disease) :: ['pleural spread']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chest wall progression of @entity0 affects up to 5% of @entity0 @entity1 and is a major source of their @entity158 . Treatment options are limited or may not be offered to these @entity1 . Low-dose @entity17654 -induced @entity34 ( @entity34 ) offers an excellent clinical response with minimal morbidity. We report our continued experience with @entity34 in this setting. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with more than 500 truncal metastases were treated with @entity34 . All received off-label @entity17654 (.8 mg/kg) i.v. and light treatment at 630 nm from a diode laser with a microlens at a fluence of 1800 mW and a total light dose of 150 to 200 J/cm2 at 48 hours. One @entity1 required re-treatment because of @entity66 . RESULTS: Follow-up was at least 6 months, and several extended to >24 months. All @entity1 demonstrated @entity5 necrosis, with 9 of 14 complete responses, including with lesions >2 cm in thickness. Disease progression occurred outside of the treatment field. Several @entity1 had initial regression of untreated lesions. Wound care, especially with disease in the deep tissues, was an issue. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose @entity17654 -induced @entity34 offers @entity1 with chest wall progression a treatment option with an excellent clinical response. To date, the response is prolonged and offers good local control. Surgical oncologists have an active role in this treatment option.

title: XXXX with chest wall progression: treatment with @entity34 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['photodynamic therapy', 'PDT']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chest wall progression of @entity0 affects up to 5% of @entity0 @entity1 and is a major source of their @entity158 . Treatment options are limited or may not be offered to these @entity1 . Low-dose @entity17654 -induced @entity34 ( @entity34 ) offers an excellent clinical response with minimal morbidity. We report our continued experience with @entity34 in this setting. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with more than 500 truncal metastases were treated with @entity34 . All received off-label @entity17654 (.8 mg/kg) i.v. and light treatment at 630 nm from a diode laser with a microlens at a fluence of 1800 mW and a total light dose of 150 to 200 J/cm2 at 48 hours. One @entity1 required re-treatment because of @entity66 . RESULTS: Follow-up was at least 6 months, and several extended to >24 months. All @entity1 demonstrated @entity5 necrosis, with 9 of 14 complete responses, including with lesions >2 cm in thickness. Disease progression occurred outside of the treatment field. Several @entity1 had initial regression of untreated lesions. Wound care, especially with disease in the deep tissues, was an issue. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose @entity17654 -induced @entity34 offers @entity1 with chest wall progression a treatment option with an excellent clinical response. To date, the response is prolonged and offers good local control. Surgical oncologists have an active role in this treatment option.

title: @entity0 with chest wall progression: treatment with XXXX .

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['photodynamic therapy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High density lipoprotein (HDL) anti-atherogenic functions are closely associated with @entity65 risk factor, and are dictated by its composition, which is often affected by environmental factors. The present study investigates the effects of the @entity1 carotid plaque constituents on HDL composition and biological functions. To this end, @entity1 carotid plaques were homogenized and incubated with HDL. Results showed that after incubation, most of the @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ) protein was released from the HDL, and HDL diameter increased by an average of approximately 2 nm. In parallel, HDL antioxidant activity was impaired. In response to homogenate treatment HDL could not prevent the accelerated oxidation of LDL caused by the homogenate. Boiling of the homogenate prior to its incubation with HDL abolished its effects on HDL composition changes. Moreover, @entity6635 fluorescence quenching assay revealed an interaction between plaque component(s) and HDL, an interaction that was reduced by 50% upon using pre-boiled homogenate. These results led to hypothesize that plaque protein(s) interacted with HDL-associated @entity1675 and altered the HDL composition. Immuno-precipitation of @entity1675 that was released from the HDL after its incubation with the homogenate revealed a co-precipitation of three isomers of actin. However, @entity217 alone did not significantly affect the HDL composition, and yet the active protein within the plaque was elusive. In conclusion then, protein(s) in the homogenate interact with HDL protein(s), leading to release of @entity1675 from the HDL particle, a process that was associated with an increase in HDL diameter and with impaired HDL anti-oxidant activity.    2015 BioFactors, 42(1):115-128, 2016.

title: XXXX carotid atherosclerotic plaque protein(s) change HDL protein(s) composition and impair HDL anti-oxidant activity.

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['Apo A1', 'apolipoprotein A1']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Interleukin (IL)-12B is a key regulator in the protection against @entity56 induced by various allergens in @entity1 with @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ). This study was performed to investigate the associations between single @entity4334 polymorphisms in the @entity18068 gene and @entity2023 in a Chinese Han population. A total of 543 @entity1 with @entity2023 and 600 healthy controls were genotyped for @entity18068 / @entity31979 , @entity72355 , @entity31978 , @entity72356 , and @entity72357 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism and PCR direct sequencing. The expression of @entity18068 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from normal controls was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Levels of @entity379 and @entity3646 in culture supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The frequencies of the @entity31978 genotype with the CC and C alleles were higher in @entity1 with @entity2023 (p c  =  8.55  *  10(-4); p c  =  4.20  *  10(-4), respectively) than in normal controls. After peptidoglycan stimulation in PBMCs, IL-12 mRNA expression was reduced in healthy carriers of the CC genotype of @entity31978 . Additionally, decreased production of @entity379 was observed in @entity1 having the CC genotype as compared with that in @entity1 having the AC and AA genotypes. In contrast, @entity3646 expression was higher in @entity1 with the CC genotype than in @entity1 with the other two genotypes. The @entity18068 gene was involved in mediating susceptibility to @entity2023 .

title: Genetic variations in @entity18068 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Interleukin (IL)-12B is a key regulator in the protection against @entity56 induced by various allergens in @entity1 with @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ). This study was performed to investigate the associations between single @entity4334 polymorphisms in the @entity18068 gene and @entity2023 in a Chinese Han population. A total of 543 @entity1 with @entity2023 and 600 healthy controls were genotyped for @entity18068 / @entity31979 , @entity72355 , @entity31978 , @entity72356 , and @entity72357 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism and PCR direct sequencing. The expression of @entity18068 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from normal controls was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Levels of @entity379 and @entity3646 in culture supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The frequencies of the @entity31978 genotype with the CC and C alleles were higher in @entity1 with @entity2023 (p c  =  8.55  *  10(-4); p c  =  4.20  *  10(-4), respectively) than in normal controls. After peptidoglycan stimulation in PBMCs, IL-12 mRNA expression was reduced in healthy carriers of the CC genotype of @entity31978 . Additionally, decreased production of @entity379 was observed in @entity1 having the CC genotype as compared with that in @entity1 having the AC and AA genotypes. In contrast, @entity3646 expression was higher in @entity1 with the CC genotype than in @entity1 with the other two genotypes. The @entity18068 gene was involved in mediating susceptibility to @entity2023 .

title: Genetic variations in XXXX in @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity18068 :: (3593,Gene) :: ['interleukin-12B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity177 have a high risk for progression to @entity454 ( @entity454 ). In the short term, treatment with oral @entity786 and @entity230 attenuates the deterioration of renal function in these @entity1 ; however, the long-term efficacy is unknown. METHODS: We have studied prospectively 65 @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity177 (serum @entity1011 >135 micromol/l) who were treated with oral @entity786 (1.5-2.0 mg/kg/day for 12 months) and @entity230 ( @entity1667 pulses 3 x 1 g, i.v. at months 1, 3 and 5, and oral @entity229 0.5 mg/kg/48 h for 6 months). RESULTS: Follow-up was 51 (5-132) months. Renal function temporarily improved or stabilized in all @entity1 . A partial remission (PR) occurred in 56 @entity1 followed by a complete remission (CR) in 17. During follow-up, 11 @entity1 had relapsed (28% relapse rate after 5 years), of whom nine were re-treated because of renal function deterioration. At the end of follow-up, 16 @entity1 were in CR, 31 in PR, eight had a persistent @entity1985 , one had mild @entity644 , four had progressed to @entity454 and five had died. Overall renal survival was 86% after 5 years and 74% after 7 years, compared with 32% after 5 and 7 years in a historical control group. Treatment-related complications occurred in two-thirds of @entity1 , mainly consisting of @entity236 and @entity281 . One @entity1 has developed @entity150 , another @entity1 @entity263 . CONCLUSIONS: Renal survival is good if @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity177 are treated with oral @entity786 . However, side effects occur frequently and relapse rate is high during longer follow-up.

title: Cytotoxic therapy for XXXX and @entity177 : improved renal survival but high relapse rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['iMN', 'idiopathic membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow depression']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['membranous nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity177 have a high risk for progression to @entity454 ( @entity454 ). In the short term, treatment with oral @entity786 and @entity230 attenuates the deterioration of renal function in these @entity1 ; however, the long-term efficacy is unknown. METHODS: We have studied prospectively 65 @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity177 (serum @entity1011 >135 micromol/l) who were treated with oral @entity786 (1.5-2.0 mg/kg/day for 12 months) and @entity230 ( @entity1667 pulses 3 x 1 g, i.v. at months 1, 3 and 5, and oral @entity229 0.5 mg/kg/48 h for 6 months). RESULTS: Follow-up was 51 (5-132) months. Renal function temporarily improved or stabilized in all @entity1 . A partial remission (PR) occurred in 56 @entity1 followed by a complete remission (CR) in 17. During follow-up, 11 @entity1 had relapsed (28% relapse rate after 5 years), of whom nine were re-treated because of renal function deterioration. At the end of follow-up, 16 @entity1 were in CR, 31 in PR, eight had a persistent @entity1985 , one had mild @entity644 , four had progressed to @entity454 and five had died. Overall renal survival was 86% after 5 years and 74% after 7 years, compared with 32% after 5 and 7 years in a historical control group. Treatment-related complications occurred in two-thirds of @entity1 , mainly consisting of @entity236 and @entity281 . One @entity1 has developed @entity150 , another @entity1 @entity263 . CONCLUSIONS: Renal survival is good if @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity177 are treated with oral @entity786 . However, side effects occur frequently and relapse rate is high during longer follow-up.

title: Cytotoxic therapy for @entity8 and XXXX : improved renal survival but high relapse rate.

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal insufficiency']


abstract: y   T cells are considered to be innate lymphocytes that play an important role in host defense against @entity5 and @entity281 . We recently reported that @entity8923 markedly amplified y   T cell responses to @entity4381 ( @entity5921 )/ @entity1199 . In an extension of this finding, we analyzed the mechanism underlying the @entity8923 -mediated expansion of y   T cells. After incubation of PBMCs with ZOL/ @entity1199 / @entity8923 , the majority of the cells expressed y   TCR, and the rest mostly exhibited @entity2940 (bright) @entity2935 (+) under the conditions used in this study. @entity2940 (bright) @entity2935 (+) cells were derived from a culture of @entity2940 (int) @entity2935 (+) cells and @entity5750 (+) cells in the presence of @entity1199 and @entity8923 without the addition of ZOL. They expressed IL-18Rs, HLA-DR, @entity2902 , @entity7938 , @entity8730 , @entity2937 , and @entity1453 / @entity1454 . In addition, they produced @entity379 , @entity310 , but not IL-12, when treated with @entity1199 / @entity8923 , and they exerted @entity137 against K562 cells, thus exhibiting characteristics of both NK cells and dendritic cells. Incubation of purified y   T cells with @entity2940 (bright) @entity2935 (+) cells in the presence of ZOL/ @entity1199 / @entity8923 resulted in the formation of massive cell clusters and led to the marked expansion of y   T cells. However, both conventional @entity2940 (-/int) @entity2935 (high) dendritic cells induced by @entity2841 / @entity3646 and @entity2940 (+) @entity2935 (-) NK cells failed to support the expansion of y   T cells. These results strongly suggest that @entity2940 (bright) @entity2935 (+) cells play a key role in the @entity8923 -mediated proliferation of y   T cells.

title: Involvement of CD56brightCD11c+ cells in XXXX -mediated expansion of human y   T cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronate']

answer: @entity8923 :: (3606,Gene) :: ['IL-18']


abstract: With respect to @entity409 , the primary function of the laboratory is to identify its presence. Tests are not available that permit a specific diagnosis and an accurate prognosis. Several tests should be present in a minimum data base that can help identify @entity66 . They are ALT, SAP, total serum @entity648 , urine @entity648 , @entity165 , albumin, BUN, @entity413 , red cell morphology, and urine sediment. It is sometimes possible to tentatively identify whether a disease is primarily hepatocellular or biliary from the pattern of changes that occur in these tests. In addition, an estimate of the severity is sometimes possible when abnormal values are extreme. The keys are to avoid overinterpretation, use serial evaluations, and rely on a liver biopsy when definitive answers are needed. If @entity409 is suspected but there are only marginal changes in the routine tests, the more sensitive tests of function, BSP retention and @entity3265 tolerance, are warranted. In the future, as more knowledge is gained about the responses of @entity534 , GGT, and ICG retention to naturally occurring diseases, these tests may join or replace some of those currently used. Also, as the ability to accurately and economically measure the various @entity3645 improves, a sensitive, yet noninvasive, method to detect and define modest changes in hepatobiliary function may result.

title: Laboratory evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recurrence of @entity6926 in families results from either dominant (parental mosaicism) or recessive inheritance. The proportion of these two mechanisms is not known, and determination of the contribution of each is important to structure genetic counseling for these families. METHODS: We measured the recurrence rate of @entity6926 after the birth of an affected @entity1 . We determined the rate of parental mosaicism in a subset of families in which we had identified dominant mutations. In 37 families in which two or more affected @entity1 were born, we identified mutations and determined the proportion that resulted from recessive inheritance. RESULTS: The recurrence rate after the first affected pregnancy was 1.3%. The rate of parental mosaicism in families in which a dominant mutation was identified in a first affected @entity1 was 16%. In 37 families with two affected @entity1 , 26 had dominant mutations, seven had recessive mutations, and we failed to find mutations in four. The overall recurrence rate for couples after two or more affected @entity1 was 32%; 27% for families with parental mosaicism, 31% for recessive mutations, and 50% for families with no identified mutation. CONCLUSIONS: In most populations, recurrence of @entity6926 usually results from parental mosaicism for dominant mutations, but the carrier frequency of recessive forms of @entity6926 will alter that proportion. Mutation identification is an important tool to assess risk and facilitate prenatal or preimplantation diagnosis.

title: Recurrence of perinatal XXXX in sibships: parsing the risk between parental mosaicism for dominant mutations and autosomal recessive inheritance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['lethal osteogenesis imperfecta', 'osteogenesis imperfecta']

answer: @entity6926 :: (MESH:D010013,Disease) :: ['lethal osteogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: pH-impedance monitoring is used to diagnose symptomatic @entity354 ( @entity354 ) based on symptom association probability (SAP). Current criteria for calculation of SAP are optimised for heartburn in adults. @entity1 , however, demonstrate a different symptom profile. The aim of the present study was to optimise criteria for calculation of SAP in @entity1 with @entity354 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 referred for investigation of symptomatic reflux were enrolled. @entity354 episodes were recorded using a pH-impedance probe, which remained in place for 48 hours. During the test, cough, crying, and regurgitation were marked. Impedance recordings were analysed for the occurrence of @entity2749 . SAP for behaviors following reflux episodes was separately calculated for day 1 and day 2 using automated reporting software, which enabled the time window used for SAP calculations to be modified from 15 to 600 seconds. Day-to-day agreement of SAP was assessed by calculating the 95% limits of agreement (mean difference    1.96 standard deviations of differences) and their confidence intervals. RESULTS: The number of @entity354 episodes and symptom episodes reported did not differ from day to day. The best agreement in SAP between the 2 days was found using time intervals of 2 minutes for cough, 5 minutes for crying, and 15 seconds and/or 2 to 5 minutes for regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the standard 2-minute time interval is appropriate for the investigation of cough and regurgitation symptoms. The day-to-day agreement of SAP for crying was poor using standard criteria, and our results suggest increasing the reflux-symptom association time interval to 5 minutes.

title: Optimisation of the reflux-symptom association statistics for use in XXXX being investigated by 24-hour pH impedance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['bolus reflux episodes']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER', 'bolus GER', 'GER disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 experiencing recurrent miscarriage were more likely to have a family history of @entity65 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: @entity1 having a first birth in Scotland between 1992 and 2006. SAMPLE: A total of 74, 730 first births were linked to the hospital admission and death certification data for the @entity1 's parents through the @entity1 's birth certificates. METHODS: The incidence of @entity65 in the @entity1 's parents was related to the number of @entity2208 experienced before their daughters' first births using a Cox proportional hazards model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Death or hospital admission of the @entity1 's parents for @entity299 ( @entity299 ), @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). MAIN RESULTS: There was an increased incidence of @entity299 in the parents of @entity1 who experienced two @entity2208 before their first birth (hazard ratio 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.49) and parents of @entity1 who experienced three or more @entity2208 before their first birth (hazard ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.14-2.15). Adjustment for the characteristics of the @entity1 at the time of the first birth was without material effect. There was no significant association between miscarriage and family history of @entity66 or @entity1211 . There was no significant association between the number of therapeutic terminations of pregnancy before the first birth and the incidence of any type of @entity65 in the @entity1 's parents. CONCLUSIONS: The parents of @entity1 who experience recurrent miscarriage are more likely to experience @entity299 . Recurrent miscarriage and @entity299 may have common patho-physiological pathways and genetic predispositions.

title: Recurrent miscarriage is associated with a family history of XXXX : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriages']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated expandable @entity8908 ( @entity8393 ) packing for preventing @entity50 after @entity1 undergo functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). METHODS: A nonrandomized, prospective study of 20 @entity1 with @entity12476 was conducted based on the Lund-Mackay scoring system. EPA was packed, for 3 days/week, in total, three times for 3 weeks, into the left frontal sinus ostium right after FESS. For the control, the @entity50 was left unpacked. After 6 months, the patency of the frontal sinus ostium was measured with a ruler under endoscopic guidance and the patency was classified as obstructed, stenotic, or patent according to the size. RESULTS: Obstruction developed in the right side in four @entity1 and in the left side in two @entity1 . @entity850 was found in the right side in eight @entity1 and in the left side in one @entity1 . The ostium of the frontal sinus was patent in the right side in 8 @entity1 and patent in the left side in 17 @entity1 . The sizes of the ostia were significantly different between the frontal sinuses on both sides 6 months after FESS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The outcome of repeated EPA packing was favorable in @entity1 undergoing FESS.

title: The effect of expandable XXXX packing for preventing @entity50 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis']

entities_list: @entity8908 :: ('MESH:C013215', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity12476 :: ('MESH:D015522', 'Disease') :: ['chronic frontal sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis of the frontal sinus ostium', 'right side frontal sinus ostium']

answer: @entity8908 :: (MESH:C013215,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl acetate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated expandable @entity8908 ( @entity8393 ) packing for preventing @entity50 after @entity1 undergo functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). METHODS: A nonrandomized, prospective study of 20 @entity1 with @entity12476 was conducted based on the Lund-Mackay scoring system. EPA was packed, for 3 days/week, in total, three times for 3 weeks, into the left frontal sinus ostium right after FESS. For the control, the @entity50 was left unpacked. After 6 months, the patency of the frontal sinus ostium was measured with a ruler under endoscopic guidance and the patency was classified as obstructed, stenotic, or patent according to the size. RESULTS: Obstruction developed in the right side in four @entity1 and in the left side in two @entity1 . @entity850 was found in the right side in eight @entity1 and in the left side in one @entity1 . The ostium of the frontal sinus was patent in the right side in 8 @entity1 and patent in the left side in 17 @entity1 . The sizes of the ostia were significantly different between the frontal sinuses on both sides 6 months after FESS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The outcome of repeated EPA packing was favorable in @entity1 undergoing FESS.

title: The effect of expandable @entity8908 packing for preventing XXXX .

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['stenosis of the frontal sinus ostium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maintenance of an anaerobic denitrification system in the obligate @entity1 pathogen, @entity6368 , suggests that an anaerobic lifestyle may be important during the course of @entity281 . Furthermore, mounting evidence suggests that reduction of host-produced @entity842 has several immunomodulary effects on the host. However, at this point there have been no studies analyzing the complete gonococcal transcriptome response to anaerobiosis. Here we performed deep sequencing to compare the gonococcal transcriptomes of aerobically and anaerobically grown cells. Using the information derived from this sequencing, we discuss the implications of the robust transcriptional response to anaerobic growth. RESULTS: We determined that 198 chromosomal genes were differentially expressed (~10% of the genome) in response to anaerobic conditions. We also observed a large induction of genes encoded within the cryptic plasmid, pJD1. Validation of RNA-seq data using translational-lacZ fusions or RT-PCR demonstrated the RNA-seq results to be very reproducible. Surprisingly, many genes of prophage origin were induced anaerobically, as well as several transcriptional regulators previously unknown to be involved in anaerobic growth. We also confirmed expression and regulation of a small RNA, likely a functional equivalent of fnrS in the Enterobacteriaceae family. We also determined that many genes found to be responsive to anaerobiosis have also been shown to be responsive to @entity68 and/or oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: Gonococci will be subject to many forms of environmental stress, including @entity26 -limitation, during the course of @entity281 . Here we determined that the anaerobic stimulon in gonococci was larger than previous studies would suggest. Many new targets for future research have been uncovered, and the results derived from this study may have helped to elucidate factors or mechanisms of virulence that may have otherwise been overlooked.

title: Deep sequencing-based analysis of the anaerobic stimulon in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity6368 :: (485,Species) :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term success and morbidity of tracheostomies for @entity1 with @entity27 . STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of @entity1 who have undergone tracheostomy for @entity27 at Hennepin County Medical Center since 1979. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all tracheostomy @entity1 operated January 1, 1979, to June 30, 1999, were evaluated. Follow-up data from @entity1 records, death certificates, and @entity18296 . RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity1 (70 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 ; age range, 25-70 y; mean age, 47 y) received tracheostomies at a regional @entity25 center. Respiratory distress index ranged from 45 to 146 (mean value, 81). @entity27 in all cases. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 20 years (mean period, 8.3 y). In all, 16 @entity1 had decannulation (range, 2 mo to 13 y): 5 of the @entity1 chose continuous positive airway pressure, 3 grew intolerant of their tracheostomy, 3 had @entity27 fully resolve after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, 3 unknown diagnosis for decannulation, 2 had significant @entity353 . Morbidity seen within the first year was primarily limited to granulation tissue, infection, and stoma revision. Fourteen @entity204 were identified. Average age at time of death was 62 years. Five @entity204 were cardiopulmonary related, four were from @entity5 , two were from postoperative complications of unrelated surgery, and one was from aspiration. Tracheostomy-related mortality included one @entity583 and one @entity292 . CONCLUSION: @entity27 and its comorbid conditions are effectively treated in the long term with tracheostomy. Initial management of more frequent complication is well tolerated. Significant morbidity and mortality are low. @entity27 resolution allowing decannulation remain poor.

title: The long-term evaluation of tracheostomy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['documented obstructive sleep apnea', 'severe obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'Severe obstructive sleep apnea', 'Tracheostomy eliminated obstructive sleep apnea', 'Chances of obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal-innominate fistula']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['severe obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: In a prospective study 39 @entity1 with @entity3214 were treated for one year with 100 micrograms @entity1955 (n = 19) or 500 micrograms @entity6893 (n = 20). Efficacy of treatment was assessed by sonographic thyroid volumetry . In both forms of treatment maximum volume decrease was already seen within the first six months. After treatment for one year the mean decrease of thyroid volumes was 27.5% in the @entity1955 group and 22% in the @entity6893 group. This difference was statistically not significant. There was no difference in the extent of goitre size reduction within the @entity1955 group among @entity1 with complete TSH suppression and with still positive TRH test. Significant increases of T4 and of fT4 values within the normal range were observed already after one month with @entity1955 treatment and only after 3 months with @entity6893 treatment. There were no changes of the T3 values. In one female @entity1 @entity1496 -induced @entity1378 occurred. However, there were no further side effects in both treatment groups. This randomised study documents for the first time that both 500 micrograms of @entity6893 and 100 micrograms of @entity1955 have a comparable efficacy for reduction of goitres.

title: [Sonographic volumetry of the thyroid gland in the control o thyroxin and XXXX treatment of non-toxic goiter].

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse euthyroid goitre']

answer: @entity6893 :: (CHEBI:16382,Chemical) :: ['iodide']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this trial was to compare lateral internal sphincterotomy with local 0.2 percent @entity3763 in the treatment of @entity12395 to minimize surgical complications such as minor @entity1241 . METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 with @entity12395 were randomized in a prospective trial to either sphincterotomy or local 0.2 percent @entity3763 . All @entity1 had anal function tests before and 5 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: In the ointment group, 18 @entity1 (67 percent) healed at 5 weeks and 24 (89 percent) healed at 10 weeks of treatment. Maximum resting anal pressure was reduced 30 percent. Eight @entity1 (30 percent) had minor side effects. In the surgical group, 26 @entity1 (96 percent) healed at 5 weeks and 100 percent healed at 10 weeks after treatment, with 33 percent reduction in maximum resting anal pressure. Forty-four percent of @entity1 had minor @entity1241 , which remained in 15 percent after 24 months follow-up. No statistical difference in maximum resting anal pressure was found between groups ( P = 0.16), but the percentage of healing at 5 weeks was greater in the surgical group ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3763 ointment must be considered as the first choice of treatment in @entity1 with @entity12395 . Surgery should be indicated if chemical sphincterotomy fails.

title: Randomized, prospective trial comparing 0.2 percent @entity3763 ointment with sphincterotomy in treatment of XXXX : a two-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity12395 :: ('MESH:D005401', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anal fissure']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate', 'Isosorbide dinitrate']

answer: @entity12395 :: (MESH:D005401,Disease) :: ['chronic anal fissure']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this trial was to compare lateral internal sphincterotomy with local 0.2 percent @entity3763 in the treatment of @entity12395 to minimize surgical complications such as minor @entity1241 . METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 with @entity12395 were randomized in a prospective trial to either sphincterotomy or local 0.2 percent @entity3763 . All @entity1 had anal function tests before and 5 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: In the ointment group, 18 @entity1 (67 percent) healed at 5 weeks and 24 (89 percent) healed at 10 weeks of treatment. Maximum resting anal pressure was reduced 30 percent. Eight @entity1 (30 percent) had minor side effects. In the surgical group, 26 @entity1 (96 percent) healed at 5 weeks and 100 percent healed at 10 weeks after treatment, with 33 percent reduction in maximum resting anal pressure. Forty-four percent of @entity1 had minor @entity1241 , which remained in 15 percent after 24 months follow-up. No statistical difference in maximum resting anal pressure was found between groups ( P = 0.16), but the percentage of healing at 5 weeks was greater in the surgical group ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3763 ointment must be considered as the first choice of treatment in @entity1 with @entity12395 . Surgery should be indicated if chemical sphincterotomy fails.

title: Randomized, prospective trial comparing 0.2 percent XXXX ointment with sphincterotomy in treatment of @entity12395 : a two-year follow-up.

answer: @entity3763 :: (MESH:D007548,Chemical) :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency and significance of adrenal lesions that demonstrate heterogeneous suppression on chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective search of adrenal lesions identified on MR from November 1997-July 2001 was performed. The adrenal lesions were classified as having suppression typical for an @entity652 , nonsuppression, or atypical heterogeneous suppression. Lesions with heterogeneous suppression were further reviewed. Follow-up for the heterogeneous lesions consisted of imaging studies or pathology from surgical excision. RESULTS: @entity75 were identified in 242 @entity1 . Heterogeneously suppressing lesions were seen in 34 (14%) @entity1 . Several different patterns of heterogeneous suppression were identified. Imaging or pathologic follow-up was available for 18 of the heterogeneously suppressing lesions (one @entity1 had both). Fifteen @entity1 with follow-up imaging showed stability of the lesion over a significant interval, suggesting a benign lesion. Pathology was available for four @entity1 revealing two @entity1 with @entity652 and two @entity1 with @entity4383 . Thus, all 18 @entity1 with heterogeneous suppression had a benign lesion. CONCLUSION: @entity75 that have a heterogeneous pattern of suppression on out-of-phase chemical shift MR images are a common finding. Our small series suggest that these lesions are probably benign.

title: XXXX with heterogeneous suppression on chemical shift imaging: clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular hyperplasia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Adrenal lesions']


abstract: @entity31545 -negative mutants of cultured @entity19 FM3A cells were immediately committed to cell death upon @entity1014 deprivation especially when the cells were synchronized in the S-phase. @entity1014 deprivation induced single strand breaks in parental DNA strands, as measured by alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation, giving rise to two peaks, one with large and the other with short fragments. Increase in the short DNA fragments paralleled that of thymineless death. @entity1014 deprivation also accumulated double strand DNA fragments as determined by a method of neutral filter elution, and their extent paralleled that of cell death. Double-strand DNA eluted through the filter sedimented as a single peak both in a neutral and in an alkaline sucrose gradient that coincided with that of the above short DNA fragments. Therefore, the double strand breaks seemed to occur in some defined portions of the genome and in some specific manners in contrast to those induced by X-ray, which occurred rather randomly. @entity1880 blocked thymineless death and accumulation of the double stranded DNA fragments in parallel. The double strand breaks induced by @entity1014 starvation were not repaired, but instead advanced on subsequent incubation of the cells in growth medium containing @entity1014 . Cytogenetically, @entity1014 deprivation induced chromosome aberrations such as chromatid breaks, chromatid interchanges, and chromosome fragmentation. Also, @entity1603 deprivation induced sister chromatid exchange. Thymidylate stress also induced loss of a stably integrated @entity1 gene in @entity19 cells, possibly by DNA rearrangements, under the conditions where no point mutations were induced.

title: Thymineless death and genetic events in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['5-bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine', 'Thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity627 in residents of Montes Claros, Brazil, of both sexes, aged above 16 years, using the COPCORD questionnaire. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 3038 @entity1 ; the sample was probabilistic, by conglomerates, multiple stages, within homogeneous strata, the sampling unit being the domicile. The COPCORD questionnaire was used for all subjects, and a rheumatologist evaluated those @entity1 who presented @entity158 and/or functional disability. Laboratory tests and radiographs of small and large joints were done in some @entity1 to confirm the diagnosis. Subjects were identified by socioeconomic level in quintiles A, B, C, D, and E, A being the highest. RESULTS: Two hundred nineteen @entity1 were identified with @entity627 , mean age 37 (SD 27) years, with female predominance. Seventy-seven (35.2%) were unemployed and socioeconomic level D was the most prevalent. Of all @entity1 with @entity627 , @entity571 ( @entity571 ) was observed in 126 (57.5%) @entity1 , @entity239 ( @entity239 ) in 76 (34.7%), @entity309 ( @entity309 ) in 14 (6.4%), and lupus in 3 (1.4%). @entity1 were predominant in all diseases except @entity571 . The mean (SD) age was 56 (12.7) years for @entity571 , 43.2 (9.1) for @entity239 , 53.4 (13.9) for @entity309 , and 40 (14) for lupus. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity627 evaluated by the COPCORD questionnaire was 4.14% for @entity571 , 2.5% for @entity239 , 0.46% for @entity309 , and 0.098% for lupus.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in Brazil: a study using the COPCORD approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease', 'rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: Multiple epidemiological variables of 131 @entity1 with @entity3570 born during 1970 and 1979 in a seven-county urban/rural region of south-western Ohio were analyzed retrospectively via personal interviews, hospital and clinic records, and birth and stillbirth certificates. The estimated incidence of @entity3570 was 0.69/1000. It did not vary over the 10 years, seasonally, or in the urban vs. rural areas. The incidence for whites was three times that for non-whites. Reporting of @entity3570 on the birth certificate was found for 52 per cent. Fetal loss in the @entity1 's mothers was similar to that for controls. However, there was a high number of therapeutic abortions just prior to the conception of the @entity1 with @entity3570 . Oral contraceptives were used in the early months of the affected pregnancy more frequently than in controls. Recurrence risk was 3.2 per cent. Almost 12 per cent of the @entity1 with @entity3570 had other major @entity600 . Even when the deceased probands were discounted, the @entity600 rate was higher than in the general population. Siblings of affected @entity1 had a less impressive but still increased rate of @entity600 .

title: The epidemiology of XXXX in south-western Ohio--1970-1979.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

answer: @entity3570 :: (MESH:D016135,Disease) :: ['spina bifida']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop an in vitro model of the proximal colon that would permit investigation of the function of @entity694 . Five continuous cultures of fecal bacteria were maintained anaerobically in steady state for at least 21 days in a medium simulating ileostomy effluent. The pH was maintained at 6 by the controlled infusion of @entity4388 . Fresh medium (13 ml) was pumped into the culture for 2 min every hour and excess culture was simultaneously removed. The redox potential of all cultures remained below -300 mV, whereas the osmolality was maintained @entity4372 compared with the original inoculum or medium. The cultures readily produced volatile @entity1718 at a rate of 30.4 +/- 3.6 mmol/day (mean +/- SEM). @entity1543 (10-19 mmol/day) and @entity6137 (5-30 mmol/day) were produced in the largest amounts, whereas @entity4877 was produced only in small amounts or not at all. Ammonia was produced in each culture in amounts that varied from day to day and between cultures. The osmolality and volatile @entity844 production increased when the @entity1735 input was doubled and decreased when the cultures were deprived of @entity1735 . Thus it is possible to maintain actively fermenting viable cultures in vitro for prolonged periods; such cultures respond to changing conditions and may be useful in investigating the metabolic function of the colon.

title: Metabolism of mixed human XXXX in a continuous culture mimicking the human cecal contents.

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4877 :: ('MESH:D020148', 'Chemical') :: ['butyric acid']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic bacteria']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity6137 :: ('MESH:C029658', 'Chemical') :: ['propionic acid']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic bacteria']


abstract: Seventy-eight @entity1 with perforated duodenal @entity1066 were prospectively studied between 1977 and 1982. @entity1 were alternately allocated to receive simple closure (Group I, 33 @entity1 ) and definitive surgery (Group II, 32 @entity1 ). High-risk @entity1 and those whose conditions dictated a definitive operation were excluded. All @entity1 in Group II had a truncal vagotomy and drainage except one who had a proximal gastric vagotomy. There was no death in Group I or Group II; the complication rate and postoperative course were similar. Twenty-seven @entity1 in Group I and 26 @entity1 in Group II were available for follow-up 12 to 80 months after operation, mean 39 months. Good/excellent results were achieved in 30 per cent of Group I compared with 81 per cent of Group II (P less than 0.01). Eighty-five per cent of Group I @entity1 developed recurrent @entity1066 and 33 per cent had already had a second definitive operation. Two @entity1 (8 per cent) in Group II were reoperated upon for recurrent @entity1066 due to an incomplete vagotomy. In a population of @entity1 where long-term follow-up and medical treatment for duodenal @entity1066 is unsatisfactory, truncal vagotomy with drainage should be the treatment of choice for perforation. Simple closure should be reserved for high-risk @entity1 or when the surgeon is inexperienced.

title: Surgical treatment of perforated duodenal XXXX : a prospective trial between simple closure and definitive surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer symptoms']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the role of @entity2694 ( @entity2694 ) in the diagnosis of @entity13669 ( @entity13669 ) with anterior drainage and particularly whether a negative @entity2694 could avoid an invasive diagnostic cerebral angiography (DSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two consecutive @entity1 with ophthalmic signs suspecting @entity13669 were submitted to ophthalmologic examination, @entity2694 and DSA. @entity13669 diagnosis with @entity2694 was based on the finding of a reversed, arterialized and low-resistive-index (RI <0.5) blood flow in the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV). Sensibility, specificity, @entity2286 , NPV, and accuracy of @entity2694 were calculated considering both @entity1 and eyes, using DSA as gold standard. RESULTS: DSA demonstrated 20 CCFs in 18 @entity1 . Considering the @entity1 , in 18/22 @entity13669 diagnosis was positive at @entity2694 and DSA while 4/22 were negative at both. Considering the eyes, in 24/43 @entity13669 diagnosis was positive at both DSA and @entity2694 (total eyes  =  43, due to one case of SOV @entity715 ). In 19/43 eyes diagnosis was negative at both @entity2694 and DSA. So sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , NPV, and accuracy of @entity2694 in the @entity1 and eyes analysis were all 100  %. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2694 is a reliable, noninvasive tool in the diagnosis of @entity13669 ; a negative @entity2694 could avoid an invasive DSA in @entity1 suspected for anterior-draining @entity13669 .

title: Orbital color Doppler ultrasound as noninvasive tool in the diagnosis of anterior-draining XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital color Doppler ultrasound', 'OCDUS']

entities_list: @entity13669 :: ('MESH:D020216', 'Disease') :: ['carotid-cavernous fistula', 'CCF']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity13669 :: (MESH:D020216,Disease) :: ['carotid-cavernous fistula']


abstract: Circulating levels of plasma @entity53 -17 beta, @entity3800 , @entity1955 , @entity1954 , immunoreactive insulin, plasma @entity1718 , and protein were measured at interval during the period of final gonadal maturation, prior to spawning of male and female @entity26962 . Plasma @entity53 levels fluctuated significantly and generally covaried in males and females through time. In females, possibly in relation to environmental changes, mean plasma @entity53 levels peaked four times during the final spawning period but decreased sharply at the time of ovulation. In males, mean plasma @entity53 peaked seven times during the final prespawning period and, in contrast to females, peaked significantly at the time of final spermiation. Plasma @entity3800 were extremely low and covaried in males and females through time. Like plasma @entity134 profiles, there were coordinated changes in plasma @entity1954 and @entity1955 levels in males and females through the prespawning season. There was a slight increase in plasma insulin during the terminal maturation of the lampreys. However, at ovulation, the insulin levels abruptly decreased in females, whereas in males they remained unchanged. Plasma protein and @entity844 levels gradually decreased until ovulation/spermiation. At ovulation plasma @entity844 levels increased.

title: Changes in plasma XXXX and thyroid hormones and insulin during final maturation and spawning of the @entity26962 , @entity26962 .

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Circulating levels of plasma @entity53 -17 beta, @entity3800 , @entity1955 , @entity1954 , immunoreactive insulin, plasma @entity1718 , and protein were measured at interval during the period of final gonadal maturation, prior to spawning of male and female @entity26962 . Plasma @entity53 levels fluctuated significantly and generally covaried in males and females through time. In females, possibly in relation to environmental changes, mean plasma @entity53 levels peaked four times during the final spawning period but decreased sharply at the time of ovulation. In males, mean plasma @entity53 peaked seven times during the final prespawning period and, in contrast to females, peaked significantly at the time of final spermiation. Plasma @entity3800 were extremely low and covaried in males and females through time. Like plasma @entity134 profiles, there were coordinated changes in plasma @entity1954 and @entity1955 levels in males and females through the prespawning season. There was a slight increase in plasma insulin during the terminal maturation of the lampreys. However, at ovulation, the insulin levels abruptly decreased in females, whereas in males they remained unchanged. Plasma protein and @entity844 levels gradually decreased until ovulation/spermiation. At ovulation plasma @entity844 levels increased.

title: Changes in plasma @entity134 and thyroid hormones and insulin during final maturation and spawning of the XXXX , @entity26962 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity26962 :: (7757,Species) :: ['sea lamprey']


abstract: Circulating levels of plasma @entity53 -17 beta, @entity3800 , @entity1955 , @entity1954 , immunoreactive insulin, plasma @entity1718 , and protein were measured at interval during the period of final gonadal maturation, prior to spawning of male and female @entity26962 . Plasma @entity53 levels fluctuated significantly and generally covaried in males and females through time. In females, possibly in relation to environmental changes, mean plasma @entity53 levels peaked four times during the final spawning period but decreased sharply at the time of ovulation. In males, mean plasma @entity53 peaked seven times during the final prespawning period and, in contrast to females, peaked significantly at the time of final spermiation. Plasma @entity3800 were extremely low and covaried in males and females through time. Like plasma @entity134 profiles, there were coordinated changes in plasma @entity1954 and @entity1955 levels in males and females through the prespawning season. There was a slight increase in plasma insulin during the terminal maturation of the lampreys. However, at ovulation, the insulin levels abruptly decreased in females, whereas in males they remained unchanged. Plasma protein and @entity844 levels gradually decreased until ovulation/spermiation. At ovulation plasma @entity844 levels increased.

title: Changes in plasma @entity134 and thyroid hormones and insulin during final maturation and spawning of the @entity26962 , XXXX .

answer: @entity26962 :: (7757,Species) :: ['Petromyzon marinus']


abstract: We compared the effectiveness and incidence of nephrotoxicity of @entity869 - @entity2890 and @entity3524 in 73 cirrhotics who had severe @entity2348 . Most of these @entity1 had @entity298 . @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I included 36 @entity1 treated with @entity869 - @entity2890 and Group II comprised 37 @entity1 treated with @entity3524 . @entity1 from both groups were similar with respect to clinical data, standard liver and renal function tests, types of @entity281 and isolated organisms. Ninety-two per cent of bacteria isolated in Group I and 98% of those isolated in Group II were susceptible in vitro to @entity869 - @entity2890 and to @entity3524 , respectively. @entity869 - @entity2890 cured the @entity281 in 56% of Group I @entity1 , and @entity3524 in 85% of Group II @entity1 (p less than 0.02). Five @entity1 treated with @entity869 - @entity2890 , and none treated with @entity3524 developed superinfections (p = 0.024). Nephrotoxicity ( @entity8 associated with an increase of urinary @entity2262 to over 2,000 micrograms per liter) occurred in two @entity1 in Group I and none in Group II. These results suggest that broad-spectrum cephalosporins should be considered as first choice antibiotics in cirrhotic @entity1 with severe @entity281 .

title: XXXX is more effective than is @entity869 - @entity2890 in cirrhotics with severe @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin', 'Ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous peritonitis and/or bacteremia']

answer: @entity3524 :: (MESH:D002439,Chemical) :: ['Cefotaxime']