abstract: OBJECTIVES: After resection of @entity2339 , @entity1 are at risk for development of @entity2338 , @entity28 , and @entity2147 . However, the prevalence and pathophysiology of these complications are unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of @entity2147 in @entity1 after resection of @entity977 and to study the potential factors that contribute to this @entity25 if present. We further hypothesized that decrements in orexin levels may contribute to the @entity25 . METHODS: Six @entity1 who underwent @entity1640 /pituitary surgery were identified. Five of these @entity1 and 5 matched control subjects underwent overnight polysomnography followed by a multiple sleep latency test. @entity1 who had a primary @entity25 ( @entity27 ) underwent treatment and were restudied subsequently (n = 2). Blood levels of pituitary hormones were measured. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were drawn from 4 @entity1 and 3 control subjects to measure orexin levels. RESULTS: Endocrine control was appropriate in all @entity1 . Although @entity1 had longer sleep duration but similar sleep efficiency than control subjects, relatively severe daytime somnolence was present (mean sleep latency: 10.3 +/- 5.3 minutes vs 26.2 +/- 1.1 minute in control subjects). Sleepiness did not correlate with body mass index or age. Furthermore, serum and CSF orexin levels did not differ between @entity1 and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity25 is frequent among @entity1 who undergo pituitary/ @entity1640 surgery and does not seem to result from inappropriate @entity701 or @entity1955 replacement, disturbed nocturnal sleep, or low levels of orexin in the serum or CSF. We therefore speculate that other, unidentified neurohormonal mechanisms may mediate the excessive @entity25 of these @entity1 .

title: Severe XXXX after pituitary/ @entity1640 surgery in adolescents: clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['hormonal deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['eg, obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnolence']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic/pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'daytime sleepiness', 'sleep disorder']

answer: @entity2147 :: (MESH:D006970,Disease) :: ['hypersomnolence']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: After resection of @entity2339 , @entity1 are at risk for development of @entity2338 , @entity28 , and @entity2147 . However, the prevalence and pathophysiology of these complications are unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of @entity2147 in @entity1 after resection of @entity977 and to study the potential factors that contribute to this @entity25 if present. We further hypothesized that decrements in orexin levels may contribute to the @entity25 . METHODS: Six @entity1 who underwent @entity1640 /pituitary surgery were identified. Five of these @entity1 and 5 matched control subjects underwent overnight polysomnography followed by a multiple sleep latency test. @entity1 who had a primary @entity25 ( @entity27 ) underwent treatment and were restudied subsequently (n = 2). Blood levels of pituitary hormones were measured. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were drawn from 4 @entity1 and 3 control subjects to measure orexin levels. RESULTS: Endocrine control was appropriate in all @entity1 . Although @entity1 had longer sleep duration but similar sleep efficiency than control subjects, relatively severe daytime somnolence was present (mean sleep latency: 10.3 +/- 5.3 minutes vs 26.2 +/- 1.1 minute in control subjects). Sleepiness did not correlate with body mass index or age. Furthermore, serum and CSF orexin levels did not differ between @entity1 and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity25 is frequent among @entity1 who undergo pituitary/ @entity1640 surgery and does not seem to result from inappropriate @entity701 or @entity1955 replacement, disturbed nocturnal sleep, or low levels of orexin in the serum or CSF. We therefore speculate that other, unidentified neurohormonal mechanisms may mediate the excessive @entity25 of these @entity1 .

title: Severe @entity2147 after pituitary/ XXXX surgery in adolescents: clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms.

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This report reviews our experience with 5,203 totally extraperitoneal (TEP) endoscopic hernia repairs performed in 3,868 @entity1 over the 7.5-year period between May 1994 and December 2001, 34.5% of whom had @entity547 and 13% recurrent @entity547 . METHODS: We performed TEP as the method of choice in more than 92% of all the @entity1 presenting with @entity169 , including those with incarcerated, strangulated, or @entity547 . After reduction of the hernial sac and appropriate dissection of the preperitoneal space, we placed a slit-free 10 x 15-cm @entity7502 mesh without the use of staple fixation. RESULTS: Altogether, 29 recurrent @entity547 (0.6%) were observed, more than 50% of which occurred during the first 2 years after the technique was introduced (1.8%). During subsequent years, the recurrence rate settled to approximately 0.3%. Regarding intraoperative complications, we observed eight @entity130 to the bladder. At this writing, no bowel @entity130 or damage to iliac vessels has been seen. Postoperatively, we noted only a single case of @entity281 . In 14 cases (0.4%), @entity86 necessitated either inguinal or endoscopic reoperation. As a further major complication, a @entity1744 caused by inadequate closure of a @entity6378 occurred in two @entity1 (0.05%). The overall reoperation rate for the 3,868 @entity1 was 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: We consider TEP to be a procedure that carries an acceptably low complication rate, combining the advantages of minor access surgery and mesh reinforcement of the groin. This approach is associated with early postoperative return to usual activities and a very low recurrence rate.

title: Totally extraperitoneal endoscopic XXXX (TEP).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal lesion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mesh infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['inguinoscrotal hernias', 'hernias', 'bilateral hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: Cyanobacterial blooms are potential health hazards in water supply reservoirs. This paper reports analyses of a @entity10673 by use of PCR-based methods for direct detection and identification of strains present and determination of their toxigenicity. Serial samples from Malpas Dam, in the New England region of Australia, were analyzed during a prolonged, mixed @entity10673 in the summer of 2000 to 2001. Malpas Dam has been shown in the past to have toxic blooms of @entity16589 that have caused @entity409 in the @entity1 population drinking from this water supply reservoir. Cyanobacterial genera were detected at low cell numbers by PCR amplification of the phycocyanin intergenic spacer region between the genes for the beta and alpha subunits. The potential for @entity12219 production was determined by PCR amplification of a gene in the @entity12219 biosynthesis pathway. The potential for @entity34138 production was determined by PCR amplification of a region of the 16S rRNA gene of Anabaena circinalis strains. @entity137 of samples was established by @entity19 bioassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography. We show that bloom components can be identified and monitored for toxigenicity by PCR more effectively than by other methods such as microscopy and @entity19 bioassay. We also show that toxigenic strains of Anabaena and @entity16589 spp. occur at this site and that, over the course of the bloom, the cell types and @entity137 changed. This work demonstrates that PCR detection of potential @entity137 can enhance the management of a significant public health hazard.

title: Monitoring changing toxigenicity of a XXXX by molecular methods.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity12219 :: ('MESH:C078588', 'Chemical') :: ['microcystin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity16589 :: ('1126', 'Species') :: ['Microcystis', 'Microcystis aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity34138 :: ('MESH:D012530', 'Chemical') :: ['saxitoxin']

entities_list: @entity10673 :: ('MESH:D001816', 'Disease') :: ['cyanobacterial bloom']

answer: @entity10673 :: (MESH:D001816,Disease) :: ['cyanobacterial bloom']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) with @entity3109 is recommended for transplant recipients with positive @entity272 ( @entity272 ). However, @entity272 could be an imperfect identifier of @entity9178 in this population. In addition, the risk of @entity3109 hepatotoxicity could be high in liver transplant recipients (LTR). A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of @entity9178 in LTR. METHODS: Charts of all 547 @entity1 who received primary liver transplantation at a University Hospital in Spain between 1988 and 1998 were reviewed. RESULTS: @entity272 was performed in 373 @entity1 (71%) before transplantation. The result was positive in 89 (24%). The median follow-up after transplantation was 49 months. None of the @entity272 -positive @entity1 developed @entity378 ( @entity378 ), but 5 out of 284 @entity1 with negative @entity272 (1.76%) had active @entity378 (P=0.6). Twenty-three @entity1 received @entity3109 as treatment of @entity9178 according to the decision of the attending physician. None of these @entity1 developed @entity378 , but 4 of them (17%) presented @entity3109 hepatotoxicity. Among @entity1 who did not receive @entity3109 , 2 out of 21 (9.52%) with radiologic previous @entity378 developed active @entity378 versus 0.44% (2/452) among the remaining @entity1 (relative risk [RR], 27.8, 95% CI, 3.2-147). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity9178 with @entity3109 can not be recommended to LTR on the basis of a positive @entity272 because it is an imperfect identifier of @entity1 at risk of @entity378 . LTR with radiologic features of previous @entity378 are at higher risk of posttransplant active @entity378 . @entity3109 -related hepatotoxicity is more frequent among LTR than in the general population.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in liver transplant recipients in an endemic area.

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LTBI', 'latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoniazid', 'isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculin skin test', 'TST']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity9178 :: (MESH:D055985,Disease) :: ['latent tuberculosis infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whereas clinical pancreatic transplantation has been highly successful in correcting the @entity4854 of @entity1723 (type 1), the results of islet transplantation have been disappointing. This discrepancy may be because of, at least in part, nonspecific loss of islets during the time required for revascularization. To test this hypothesis, we have designed composite kidney grafts containing vascularized autologous islets that can be used to compare the engraftment potential of vascularized versus nonvascularized islet tissue. METHODS: (1) Islet-cell isolation: miniature @entity1707 underwent either partial pancreatectomy to isolate autologous islets or total pancreatectomy to isolate minor antigen-mismatched islets. Islets were purified from excised pancreatic tissue by enzymatic digestion and discontinuous density gradient purification. Isolated islets were cultured for 3 days before transplant. (2) Creation of vascularized islet kidneys (IK): autologous islets alone (n=6), minor-mismatched islets alone (n=3), and minor-mismatched islets plus simultaneous autologous thymic tissue (n=3) were transplanted beneath the renal capsule of juvenile miniature swine. Minor antigen-mismatched islets were also transplanted into both the vascularized thymic graft of a thymokidney (to produce a thymo-islet kidney [TIK]) and the contralateral native kidney (n=3) and both the host thymus and beneath the renal capsule (n=2). All recipients receiving minor-mismatched islets were treated with a 12-day intravenous (IV) course of either @entity205 ( @entity870 ) at 10 mg/kg per day or @entity1140 at 0.15 mg/kg per day. (3) Assessment of Function: to evaluate the function of the transplanted islets, three animals bearing TIK and IK underwent total pancreatectomy 3 months following islet transplantation. RESULTS: (1) Islet-cell yields: an average of 254,960+/-51,879 (4,452+/-932 islet equivalents [IEQ]/gram of pancreas) and 374,410+/-9,548 (4,183+/-721 IEQ/gram of pancreas) viable islets were obtained by partial pancreatectomy and complete pancreatectomy, respectively. (2) Creation of IK: autologous islets engrafted indefinitely, whereas recipients of minor-mismatched islets alone rejected the islets within 2 months. However, when minor-mismatched islets were implanted into both the thymokidney and the contralateral kidney of animals bearing a thymokidney, the islets engrafted indefinitely in both sites (>3 months). Simultaneous implantation of islets into the host thymus and under the renal capsule also led to permanent engraftment of minor-mismatched islets. (3) Function of vascularized islets: three animals with both a TIK and an IK in place for 3 months underwent total pancreatectomy. All three animals maintained normoglycemia thereafter. In two of these animals, the IKs were removed 2 months after the pancreatectomy, and in both cases normoglycemia was maintained thereafter by the TIK. CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of islets beneath the autologous renal capsule permitted the establishment of a vascular supply and thereby supported normal islet-cell growth and function. The presence of thymic tissue beneath the autologous renal capsule facilitated the engraftment of minor-mismatched islets, and such grafts achieved results similar to autologous islet transplants. Therefore, the ability to create vascularized islet grafts may provide a strategy for successful islet transplantation across allogeneic and potentially across xenogeneic barriers.

title: Vascularized islet-cell transplantation in miniature XXXX . I. Preparation of vascularized islet kidneys.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endothelial chimerism, that is, the replacement of damaged donor endothelium by recipient precursors, has been proposed to reduce the allogeneic stimulus and graft rejection. However, both its mechanism and consequence are poorly understood. In this study, we set up a @entity35 model of renal transplantation to investigate the phenomenon of endothelial chimerism and the relationship among the factors involved in its induction, such as @entity130 , severity of graft rejections, and the role of @entity205 @entity137 . METHODS: Female Lewis @entity35 received renal transplants from male Brown Norway kidneys. Groups were divided according to @entity63 or nonischemia of the donor kidney and @entity205 treatment or nonimmunosuppression. To investigate the endothelial chimerism, an in situ hybridization by an X-chromosome-specific DNA probe was performed. The severity of allograft rejection was scored according to the Banff '97 classification. RESULTS: In grafts without @entity130 or without @entity205 treatment, a low degree of endothelial chimerism was detected, although severe vascular rejection and tissue @entity39 developed. More chimerism was found in recipients receiving an ischemic kidney followed by immunosuppressive treatment, although less severe rejection developed. In recipients receiving an ischemic kidney without @entity205 treatment, the highest degree of endothelial chimerism occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Endothelial chimerism demonstrated in @entity35 after renal transplantation may be caused by endothelial damage induced by vascular rejection or @entity63 . @entity63 had the strongest association with the induction of chimerism, which may function as a synergistic promoter. A low-dose @entity205 treatment was shown to inhibit endothelial replacement.

title: Endothelial cell chimerism after renal transplantation in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['preischemic injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Multiresistant Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) O118:H16 and O118 nonmotile strains (designated O118:[H16]) were detected by examination of 171 STEC isolates for their antimicrobial sensitivity. Of 48 STEC O118:[H16] strains, 98% were resistant to @entity11682 , 96% were resistant to @entity3639 , 79% were resistant to @entity7913 , 75% were resistant to @entity803 , 67% were resistant to @entity869 , 60% were resistant to @entity2755 , 48% were resistant to @entity206 , and 10% each were resistant to @entity801 and @entity802 . @entity802 resistance and reduced susceptibility to @entity2177 were associated with the mutation gyrA(LEU-83). The STEC O118:[H16] strains were found to belong to a single genetic clone as investigated by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and by multilocus sequence analysis of @entity526 housekeeping genes. The STEC O118:[H16] strains originated from @entity1 and @entity291 and were isolated in seven different countries of Europe between 1986 and 1999. Strains showing multiresistance to up to eight different antimicrobials predominated among the more recent STEC O118:[H16] strains. The genes in parentheses were associated with resistance to @entity7913 (aphA1-Ia), @entity2755 ( @entity64596 ), @entity803 [tet(A)], and @entity869 (bla( @entity18585 )). Class 1 integrons containing sulI ( @entity11682 resistance), aadA1a ( @entity3639 resistance), or @entity42545 ( @entity206 resistance)-aadA1a gene cassettes were detected in 28 strains. The bla(TEM-1b) gene was present in 18 of 21 strains that were examined by @entity377 sequencing. Class 1 integrons and bla(TEM) genes were localized on plasmids and/or on the chromosome in different STEC O118:[H16] strains. Hybridization of XbaI-digested chromosomal DNA separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that bla(TEM) genes were integrated at different positions in the chromosome of STEC O118:[H16] strains that could have occurred by Tn2 insertion. Our data suggest that strains belonging to the STEC O118:[H16] clonal group have a characteristic propensity for acquisition and maintenance of resistance determinants, thus contrasting to STEC belonging to other serotypes.

title: A multiresistant clone of Shiga toxin-producing XXXX O118:[H16] is spread in @entity291 and @entity1 over different European countries.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['Nalidixic acid', 'nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Multiresistant Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) O118:H16 and O118 nonmotile strains (designated O118:[H16]) were detected by examination of 171 STEC isolates for their antimicrobial sensitivity. Of 48 STEC O118:[H16] strains, 98% were resistant to @entity11682 , 96% were resistant to @entity3639 , 79% were resistant to @entity7913 , 75% were resistant to @entity803 , 67% were resistant to @entity869 , 60% were resistant to @entity2755 , 48% were resistant to @entity206 , and 10% each were resistant to @entity801 and @entity802 . @entity802 resistance and reduced susceptibility to @entity2177 were associated with the mutation gyrA(LEU-83). The STEC O118:[H16] strains were found to belong to a single genetic clone as investigated by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and by multilocus sequence analysis of @entity526 housekeeping genes. The STEC O118:[H16] strains originated from @entity1 and @entity291 and were isolated in seven different countries of Europe between 1986 and 1999. Strains showing multiresistance to up to eight different antimicrobials predominated among the more recent STEC O118:[H16] strains. The genes in parentheses were associated with resistance to @entity7913 (aphA1-Ia), @entity2755 ( @entity64596 ), @entity803 [tet(A)], and @entity869 (bla( @entity18585 )). Class 1 integrons containing sulI ( @entity11682 resistance), aadA1a ( @entity3639 resistance), or @entity42545 ( @entity206 resistance)-aadA1a gene cassettes were detected in 28 strains. The bla(TEM-1b) gene was present in 18 of 21 strains that were examined by @entity377 sequencing. Class 1 integrons and bla(TEM) genes were localized on plasmids and/or on the chromosome in different STEC O118:[H16] strains. Hybridization of XbaI-digested chromosomal DNA separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that bla(TEM) genes were integrated at different positions in the chromosome of STEC O118:[H16] strains that could have occurred by Tn2 insertion. Our data suggest that strains belonging to the STEC O118:[H16] clonal group have a characteristic propensity for acquisition and maintenance of resistance determinants, thus contrasting to STEC belonging to other serotypes.

title: A multiresistant clone of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 O118:[H16] is spread in XXXX and @entity1 over different European countries.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Multiresistant Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) O118:H16 and O118 nonmotile strains (designated O118:[H16]) were detected by examination of 171 STEC isolates for their antimicrobial sensitivity. Of 48 STEC O118:[H16] strains, 98% were resistant to @entity11682 , 96% were resistant to @entity3639 , 79% were resistant to @entity7913 , 75% were resistant to @entity803 , 67% were resistant to @entity869 , 60% were resistant to @entity2755 , 48% were resistant to @entity206 , and 10% each were resistant to @entity801 and @entity802 . @entity802 resistance and reduced susceptibility to @entity2177 were associated with the mutation gyrA(LEU-83). The STEC O118:[H16] strains were found to belong to a single genetic clone as investigated by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and by multilocus sequence analysis of @entity526 housekeeping genes. The STEC O118:[H16] strains originated from @entity1 and @entity291 and were isolated in seven different countries of Europe between 1986 and 1999. Strains showing multiresistance to up to eight different antimicrobials predominated among the more recent STEC O118:[H16] strains. The genes in parentheses were associated with resistance to @entity7913 (aphA1-Ia), @entity2755 ( @entity64596 ), @entity803 [tet(A)], and @entity869 (bla( @entity18585 )). Class 1 integrons containing sulI ( @entity11682 resistance), aadA1a ( @entity3639 resistance), or @entity42545 ( @entity206 resistance)-aadA1a gene cassettes were detected in 28 strains. The bla(TEM-1b) gene was present in 18 of 21 strains that were examined by @entity377 sequencing. Class 1 integrons and bla(TEM) genes were localized on plasmids and/or on the chromosome in different STEC O118:[H16] strains. Hybridization of XbaI-digested chromosomal DNA separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that bla(TEM) genes were integrated at different positions in the chromosome of STEC O118:[H16] strains that could have occurred by Tn2 insertion. Our data suggest that strains belonging to the STEC O118:[H16] clonal group have a characteristic propensity for acquisition and maintenance of resistance determinants, thus contrasting to STEC belonging to other serotypes.

title: A multiresistant clone of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 O118:[H16] is spread in @entity291 and XXXX over different European countries.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to develop a new neuro-psychological test for evaluating the severity of @entity303 based on the newly-developed theory of working memory. In Study I, twelve candidate test items, including experimental tasks used in our previous developmental studies and test items newly developed for this study, were administered to twenty four demented @entity1 . In Study II, the same twelve test items as used in Study I were administered to eighteen normative-aged volunteers to identify the baseline of difficulty of each test item. The normative-aged group, in marked contrast to the demented group, responded correctly to nearly all of these items. These items, therefore, proved to have a discriminating power between @entity303 @entity1 and normative-aged. After examining thoroughly the result of factor analysis of test scores, the difficulty of the items, and the feasibility and communicability of instructions for each item, the authors finally chose five items to construct the test. Four of these five items were ones originally developed by ourselves. In Study III, the final version of the test composed of the above five items was administered to one hundred demented @entity1 of various etiologies. The test scores were analyzed according to the method of principal factor analysis and the theory of working memory. The results of factor analysis showed the factor pattern of a typical homogeneous test that measures a single dimension of working memory capacity. The authors, therefore, decided to apply to the test scores an item-response theory that postulates test homogeneity as a prerequisite. Based on this theory, parameters of discrimination and difficulty of each item were estimated. In addition, the scale value of each examinee, i.e. working memory capacity, was estimated from his or her response pattern to the items. When the administration of the whole test is difficult in a clinical setting, this theory makes it possible to estimate the scale value of an examinee from even a single item, though inevitably with lower reliability. Owing to the adaptability of this test, its practical utility as a measurement tool was much improved. Further, the test items and their subitems were analyzed in terms of the theory of working memory. The resulting high agreement between item difficulty and working memory demand confirmed the validity of the theoretical analysis. In addition, the result of discriminant analysis with thirty-one subitem scores of five items showed that the test discriminated correctly 79.3% of @entity7712 and VD.

title: [A neuro-psychological test (T-K-W test) for XXXX based on working memory theory and item-response theory: its development and construction].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Exercise echocardiography is an emerging technique for the evaluation of @entity1 with suspected @entity453 . In this study, rest and immediate postexercise echocardiograms were performed in 123 @entity1 who were stratified on the basis of prior @entity583 and the number and location of @entity3979 at cardiac catheterization. The location of wall motion abnormalities on rest and postexercise studies was correlated with the location of @entity3979 . The sensitivity of exercise echocardiography for detecting @entity453 in @entity1 with multivessel disease was 97% in those with and 86% in those without prior @entity1188 . The corresponding sensitivity for @entity1 with @entity66 was 100% and 72%, respectively. Multivessel disease was present in 59 @entity1 , but specifically identified as such in only 32 (54%). Normal rest and exercise echocardiograms were seen in 12 @entity1 with @entity453 , 8 of whom had @entity66 . It is concluded that the subjective analysis of the exercise echocardiogram accurately identifies the majority of @entity1 with @entity453 . Its sensitivity is greatest in those with multivessel @entity301 . It is limited in those with single vessel @entity301 and in accurately identifying the subset of @entity1 with multivessel disease.

title: Effect of prior @entity583 and extent and location of XXXX on accuracy of exercise echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: Exercise echocardiography is an emerging technique for the evaluation of @entity1 with suspected @entity453 . In this study, rest and immediate postexercise echocardiograms were performed in 123 @entity1 who were stratified on the basis of prior @entity583 and the number and location of @entity3979 at cardiac catheterization. The location of wall motion abnormalities on rest and postexercise studies was correlated with the location of @entity3979 . The sensitivity of exercise echocardiography for detecting @entity453 in @entity1 with multivessel disease was 97% in those with and 86% in those without prior @entity1188 . The corresponding sensitivity for @entity1 with @entity66 was 100% and 72%, respectively. Multivessel disease was present in 59 @entity1 , but specifically identified as such in only 32 (54%). Normal rest and exercise echocardiograms were seen in 12 @entity1 with @entity453 , 8 of whom had @entity66 . It is concluded that the subjective analysis of the exercise echocardiogram accurately identifies the majority of @entity1 with @entity453 . Its sensitivity is greatest in those with multivessel @entity301 . It is limited in those with single vessel @entity301 and in accurately identifying the subset of @entity1 with multivessel disease.

title: Effect of prior XXXX and extent and location of @entity301 on accuracy of exercise echocardiography.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) are the important factors in @entity5 @entity3 . To the author's knowledge, their relationship has not been addressed to date. This study was designed to investigate the in vitro invasion and the expression level of @entity7 and @entity1476 in @entity43 cells, and to evaluate the correlation of expression of @entity7 and @entity1476 in the @entity43 @entity3 . METHOD: Boyden chamber in vitro invasion assay was used to detect the invasive capacity in vitro in two @entity43 cell lines CaOV-3 and COC1. The expression levels of @entity7 and @entity1476 in CaOV-3 and COC1 were evaluated by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. The activity of @entity1476 in two cell lines was detected by substrate zymography. RESULTS: Boyden chamber in vitro invasion assay indicated that the mean invasion percentage of @entity1 cells (21.9 +/- 1.5) was significantly higher than that of COC1 cells (8.8 +/- 0.9) (P < 0.05). Contrast to COC1 cells, @entity1 cells expressed significantly higher levels of mRNA of @entity7 and @entity1476 as well as protein by RT-PCR and Western blot. Substrate zymography showed that the @entity1476 activity of @entity1 cells was two times than that of COC1 cells. CONCLUSION: The in vitro invasive ability of @entity43 cells appeared to be positive correlated to high expression of @entity7 and @entity1476 . There may be relationship between @entity7 and @entity1476 in the process of @entity3 of @entity43 .

title: [Correlation of expression of XXXX and matrix matalloproteinase-2 to invasion of @entity43 cells in vitro].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) are the important factors in @entity5 @entity3 . To the author's knowledge, their relationship has not been addressed to date. This study was designed to investigate the in vitro invasion and the expression level of @entity7 and @entity1476 in @entity43 cells, and to evaluate the correlation of expression of @entity7 and @entity1476 in the @entity43 @entity3 . METHOD: Boyden chamber in vitro invasion assay was used to detect the invasive capacity in vitro in two @entity43 cell lines CaOV-3 and COC1. The expression levels of @entity7 and @entity1476 in CaOV-3 and COC1 were evaluated by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. The activity of @entity1476 in two cell lines was detected by substrate zymography. RESULTS: Boyden chamber in vitro invasion assay indicated that the mean invasion percentage of @entity1 cells (21.9 +/- 1.5) was significantly higher than that of COC1 cells (8.8 +/- 0.9) (P < 0.05). Contrast to COC1 cells, @entity1 cells expressed significantly higher levels of mRNA of @entity7 and @entity1476 as well as protein by RT-PCR and Western blot. Substrate zymography showed that the @entity1476 activity of @entity1 cells was two times than that of COC1 cells. CONCLUSION: The in vitro invasive ability of @entity43 cells appeared to be positive correlated to high expression of @entity7 and @entity1476 . There may be relationship between @entity7 and @entity1476 in the process of @entity3 of @entity43 .

title: [Correlation of expression of @entity7 and matrix matalloproteinase-2 to invasion of XXXX cells in vitro].

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumor']


abstract: Camptotheca (Nyssaceae) is a major source of anticancer @entity9800 ( @entity1191 ). It is imperative to understand @entity1191 accumulation and variations in Camptotheca in order to develop @entity1191 production strategies for endangered germplasm. Our study results showed that @entity1191 is primarily accumulated in glandular trichomes of leaves and stems, and @entity1191 content varies among species and varieties but even more significantly within the plant (with different tissues, tissue ages, and seasons). Because of higher @entity1191 yield and desirable biological and ecological features, 'Hicksii' and 'Katie' should be considered the major management germplasm as @entity1191 sources in the future. Young leaves and mature fruits have higher @entity1191 contents than other tissues in the plants. Young photosynthetic leaves and stems contain higher @entity1191 contents than old ones, but 'sink' tissues such as wood, roots, and fruits show different patterns. @entity1191 content also shows a great seasonal change, but is less influenced by tree age. Intact clipping of young leaves and stems should be managed for harvest for @entity1191 production. Preservation and treatment methods influence the @entity1191 extraction. @entity1191 is better preserved in fresh or freeze-dried material than in air or oven-dried material. @entity1191 can be more efficiently extracted after homogenizer treatment of plant materials because more trichome walls can be broken to allow solvent extraction.

title: XXXX accumulation and variations in camptotheca.

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

answer: @entity9800 :: (MESH:D002166,Chemical) :: ['Camptothecin']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Little work has been reported on the treatment of recurrent @entity4553 . We reviewed 64 cases after surgical treatment in order to ascertain the cause of recurrence, results of the treatment given, and deduce therapeutic options and indications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 had 64 recurrent @entity4553 . Mean age of the @entity1 was 58 years, 54 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 . The clinical and radiographic preoperative work-up led to two categories of treatments. In 35 cases, conservative treatment was used to re-align the axis by procedures on the soft tissues either alone or in combination with MacBride tendon transfers, metatarsal osteotomies, or osteotomies to shorten the first phalange. In 29 cases, metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis was used. @entity1 satisfaction, @entity158 , deformation, shoe wearing and activity were recorded at follow-up. The same radiological parameters were used postoperatively to assess anatomic results. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was more than 6 years (range 2-18 years). The subjective result was good in 52 cases. The objective result was good in 50 cases and poor in 14 (including 7 cases with insufficient correction). The results were analyzed by type of treatment. DISCUSSION: The preoperative analysis demonstrated that recurrence is due to insufficient initial treatment which must take into account all the components leading to the deformation. Arthrodesis gave a good result in 83% of the cases and conservative treatment gave a good result in 71%. Thus, in our opinion, no one type of treatment of recurrent @entity4553 can be applied for all @entity1 . Nevertheless, conservative treatment should associate complementary procedures that can be deduced from the clinical and radiological analysis.

title: [Surgical treatment of recurrent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus', 'hallux valgus bunions']

answer: @entity4553 :: (MESH:D006215,Disease) :: ['hallux valgus']


abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the architecture of a ganglionated nerve plexus found in the loose connective tissue surrounding the pulmonary vein of the @entity19 . The input to this plexus was from the vagus nerves and from the stellate ganglia. A large ganglion containing more than 200 neurons was commonly found near the primary bifurcation of the pulmonary vein. The neurons were studied by @entity2125 -diaphorase, @entity51154 - @entity12925 and @entity11571 -induced @entity2922 fluorescence methods at the light microscopic level, by scanning electron microscopy after the removal of connective tissue, and by transmission electron microscopy. The shape of the neuronal cell bodies was generally a smooth ellipsoid with the average major @entity2270 about twice the minor @entity2270 . The measured maximum cell diameter ranged from 14 to 42 micron (mean 26 micron). The profile area of individual neurons, as measured from wholemount preparations, ranged from 100 to 800 micron2 (mean 340 micron2) and the calculated neuronal volume ranged from 500 to 12,000 micron3 (mean 3300 micron3). Although there was this wide spread in neuronal size, histograms of cell size showed no separate populations of neurons. Almost all of the ganglionic neuronal cell bodies showed no @entity2922 -specific fluorescence, but about 1% of the neurons exhibited a weak green fluorescence. Only a few noradrenergic nerve fibres were seen within the ganglia and these were associated with intraganglionic blood vessels. Small, intensely fluorescent cells were only rarely associated with the ganglia. Neurons and satellite cells formed units which were surrounded by an intraganglionic connective tissue space and a perineurium. Some of the intraganglionic capillaries were fenestrated. Neurons were entirely surrounded by satellite cells and did not appear to have any long dendrites. The generally smooth neuronal cell bodies had short spine-like processes, which were confined to within the satellite cell sheath. Preganglionic nerve fibres formed pericellular baskets of varicose fibres around neurons and made synapses either directly on the cell body or on somatic spines in about equal numbers. No synapses were found in the neuropil at a distance from the neuronal cell body. A few nerve processes were deeply embedded within the neuronal cell body. Clusters of vesicles were found in the cytoplasm of most neurons and were associated with subplasmalemmal densities. These synapse-like structures were mostly directed towards satellite cells, but some were associated with incoming synapses.

title: Fine structure of the autonomic ganglia of the XXXX pulmonary vein.

entities_list: @entity51154 :: ('MESH:C029770', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc iodide']

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The reaction of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons to axotomy and its alteration by locally supplied nerve growth factor (NGF) were examined in adult @entity35 . Surgically implanted @entity1346 chambers attached to the severed @entity1930 as reservoirs capable of providing prolonged access of NGF to the site of injury. The time course of NGF activity within the chambers was determined by using the standard NGF @entity1573 DRG bioassay. The fluid from chambers filled with the NGF-saline solution maintained NGF activity for periods up to 6 weeks after implantation. By 9 weeks, however, the fluid from most chambers failed to show any NGF activity in the bioassay. Experiments were designed to compare the response in adult @entity35 to injury of DRG neurons receiving chambers filled with either NGF-saline or with only saline. The total neuronal counts in the lumbar fourth and fifth DRG at 3 weeks and 6 weeks after sciatic nerve section showed 22% and 16% cell death, respectively, in those injured neurons receiving saline-filled chamber implants. The animals that received chamber implants which contained an NGF-saline solution showed no cell death in the ipsilateral DRG at either 3 or 6 weeks after injury. Morphometric analysis of injured DRG neurons showed evidence of @entity194 in the injured neurons which did not receive NGF. The degree of @entity194 among all cell sizes was significantly decreased in those injured neurons receiving NGF. At 3 weeks after section the mean volume of injured neurons not treated with NGF was decreased by 28% as compared with only a 13% decrease in neurons treated with NGF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nerve growth factor protects adult sensory neurons from cell death and XXXX caused by nerve injury.

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['tip of the sciatic nerve acted']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ability to identify fungal hyphae in @entity1 with @entity102 ( @entity102 ) has been inconsistent. A new @entity941 -labeled staining method targets chitin found in fungal cell walls. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that this method would be able to more consistently detect fungi within the mucin of @entity102 @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-four consecutive @entity102 surgical @entity1 were evaluated. After ensuring sensitivity and specificity of this new method, all specimens were stained with either @entity941 -labeled chitinase or Grocott @entity8776 silver stain for comparison. RESULTS: All 54 specimens contained eosinophilic mucin on @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining. One or more fungal hyphae could be visualized within the mucin of 54 (100%) of 54 specimens stained using the @entity941 -labeled chitinase. Only 41 (76%) of 54 of the specimens stained with the Grocott @entity8776 silver stain technique demonstrated fungi. CONCLUSION: The @entity941 -labeled chitinase-staining technique has greater sensitivity in detecting fungal organisms within eosinophilic mucin. Fungal organisms are present in the mucin of @entity102 @entity1 .

title: Detection of fungal organisms in eosinophilic mucin using a XXXX -labeled chitin-specific binding protein.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity8776 :: ('MESH:C027451', 'Chemical') :: ['methanamine']

answer: @entity941 :: (MESH:D019793,Chemical) :: ['fluorescein']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity1 with extended @entity455 in the head and neck, therapeutic decisions may pose a challenge to maxillofacial surgeons, dermatologists, and interventional radiologists. We analyzed the value of an interdisciplinary classification and treatment concept. @entity1 AND METHODS: The classification distinguishes @entity2695 and @entity1462 . Whereas @entity2695 are endothelial proliferations, @entity1462 are considered to be @entity600 , which are further classified into high-flow or low-flow lesions and according to the vascular channels into capillary, venous, or @entity600 . Since 2000 we have provided interdisciplinary consultation for @entity1 with @entity455 . In @entity1 with @entity2695 and @entity1211 , the clinical diagnosis is confirmed by color-coded duplex sonography and magnetic resonance imaging; angiography is performed as part of the treatment planning for @entity1 with @entity2758 . @entity1 with @entity2695 are treated surgically by cryosurgery or laser surgery or conservatively according to lesion size and behavior. In @entity1 with @entity1211 , percutaneous sclerotherapy is combined with surgical reduction; @entity1 with @entity2758 undergo transarterial embolization prior to surgical excision of the nidus. RESULTS: A total of 73 @entity1 attended the interdisciplinary consultation. This group included 53 @entity1 with @entity2652 , 7 with @entity1211 with @entity600 , 5 with @entity600 , and 6 with high-flow @entity2758 . CONCLUSIONS: The interdisciplinary protocol increases diagnostic accuracy and helps to establish individual treatment plans for @entity1 with extended @entity455 .

title: [Interdisciplinary concept for classification and treatment of XXXX in the head and neck].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic malformations', 'capillary malformations', 'developmental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous malformations, 2', 'venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular anomalies']


abstract: The case discussed is of a 38-year-old African-American @entity1 who developed @entity409 . She underwent cholecystectomy for presumed @entity5990 . This was followed by a worsening of her condition, with the development of @entity1087 in the next 2 weeks. Results of reevaluation included transaminases around 1000 IU/L with minimal elevation of @entity623 ( @entity623 ), an antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) titer of 1:320, and an elevated immunoglobulin M (IgM). The antinuclear antibodies (ANA) level was positive, but titers were not obtained. There was no suggestion of @entity1448 . Liver biopsy findings were believed to be consistent with @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ). She was therefore started on, but failed treatment with, @entity10055 . She was transferred to a transplant center 8 weeks later after a brief episode of @entity75 and @entity4053 . The clinical findings were consistent with subfulminant @entity1578 secondary to @entity775 ( @entity775 ) with an ANA titer of 1:1280, an @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) titer of 1:40, and an elevated IgG. Review of the biopsy showed panlobular @entity32 and bridging @entity39 consistent with severe @entity775 . On imaging, she had @entity843 and a nodular appearance of the liver. An immediate drop in transaminases followed corticosteroid therapy, but her disease was already irreversible, and she underwent successful liver transplantation. The explanted liver was shrunken and noncirrhotic with massive hepatocellular collapse and contained multiple regenerating nodules, explaining the ultrasonographic appearances. The inflammatory component had greatly diminished compared with the earlier biopsy. The case illustrates the importance of knowledge of the natural course of a specific disease and the careful interpretation of clinical data, including autoimmune markers. @entity2835 would rarely cause @entity1578 in a young @entity1 ; it is not a rapidly progressive disease. The original clinical diagnosis was unduly swayed by a positive AMA, which can be seen in up to 20% of @entity1 with @entity775 . Markedly elevated transaminases with minimal elevation of @entity623 and positive ANA in a young @entity1 should have pointed toward @entity775 at an earlier stage. The academic discussion of @entity775 remains intriguing, but prompt institution of aggressive immunosuppressive therapy aimed at the @entity775 component should not be deferred. In retrospect, an opportunity was missed.

title: A 38-year-old African-American @entity1 with an unusually rapid progression of " XXXX ": a missed opportunity!

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis', 'PBC']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['upper abdominal symptoms and liver test abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone disease']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure', 'hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['anti-smooth muscle antibody', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis', 'AMA-positive AIH versus PBC/AIH overlap syndrome']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['Primary Biliary Cirrhosis']


abstract: The case discussed is of a 38-year-old African-American @entity1 who developed @entity409 . She underwent cholecystectomy for presumed @entity5990 . This was followed by a worsening of her condition, with the development of @entity1087 in the next 2 weeks. Results of reevaluation included transaminases around 1000 IU/L with minimal elevation of @entity623 ( @entity623 ), an antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) titer of 1:320, and an elevated immunoglobulin M (IgM). The antinuclear antibodies (ANA) level was positive, but titers were not obtained. There was no suggestion of @entity1448 . Liver biopsy findings were believed to be consistent with @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ). She was therefore started on, but failed treatment with, @entity10055 . She was transferred to a transplant center 8 weeks later after a brief episode of @entity75 and @entity4053 . The clinical findings were consistent with subfulminant @entity1578 secondary to @entity775 ( @entity775 ) with an ANA titer of 1:1280, an @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) titer of 1:40, and an elevated IgG. Review of the biopsy showed panlobular @entity32 and bridging @entity39 consistent with severe @entity775 . On imaging, she had @entity843 and a nodular appearance of the liver. An immediate drop in transaminases followed corticosteroid therapy, but her disease was already irreversible, and she underwent successful liver transplantation. The explanted liver was shrunken and noncirrhotic with massive hepatocellular collapse and contained multiple regenerating nodules, explaining the ultrasonographic appearances. The inflammatory component had greatly diminished compared with the earlier biopsy. The case illustrates the importance of knowledge of the natural course of a specific disease and the careful interpretation of clinical data, including autoimmune markers. @entity2835 would rarely cause @entity1578 in a young @entity1 ; it is not a rapidly progressive disease. The original clinical diagnosis was unduly swayed by a positive AMA, which can be seen in up to 20% of @entity1 with @entity775 . Markedly elevated transaminases with minimal elevation of @entity623 and positive ANA in a young @entity1 should have pointed toward @entity775 at an earlier stage. The academic discussion of @entity775 remains intriguing, but prompt institution of aggressive immunosuppressive therapy aimed at the @entity775 component should not be deferred. In retrospect, an opportunity was missed.

title: A 38-year-old African-American XXXX with an unusually rapid progression of " @entity2835 ": a missed opportunity!

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: Although it is generally accepted that @entity1 who are carriers of the premutation of the @entity2100 ( @entity2100 ) show no pathological clinical features, several studies have shown that they have a higher incidence of premature failure of their ovaries ( @entity7793 ) than the general population. However, when @entity1 who are carriers of the complete mutation are studied, no relation is seen between the two conditions. All @entity1 who are carriers of the premutation of the @entity10308 gene should be informed that they have a greater possibility than the general population (10-15 times) of having an @entity7793 . @entity74 ( @entity74 ) is a technique used in diagnosis, based on genetic analysis of an embryo obtained by @entity52 ( @entity52 ) and subsequently transferred to genetically healthy viable embryos. Preconception genetic diagnosis is based on the genetic study of an ovule before fertilization and subsequent @entity52 of healthy ovules. The methodology is similar in both cases. Genetic study of @entity2100 is especially difficult because of the large number of CGG repetitions in affected. Often indirect diagnosis has to be made. Both diagnoses have a series of evident advantages over prenatal diagnosis. There is no pregnancy present so the stress and emotional trauma of VIP ( @entity2798 of pregnancy) is avoided. However, it should be pointed out that there are technical drawbacks regarding genetic analysis and the need to resort to @entity52 in fertile couples.

title: [ XXXX : premature ovarian failure. Preimplantation and preconception genetic diagnosis].

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['early menopause']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['FXS', 'fragile X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PGD', 'Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary interruption']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['Fragile X syndrome']


abstract: The ammonia factor theory of @entity1 @entity204 causation shows how the known, deadly properties of this respiratory poison, potentially present at every @entity1 's cot, are compatible with the known causative relationships found with " @entity6884 " @entity1 . It also predicted and demonstrated that a causal relationship existed between cot- @entity204 @entity1 and most other post neo-natal @entity1 deaths. The ammonia factor theory is quite incompatible with the medical profession's " @entity6884 " model. A critical evaluation of the medical profession's " @entity6884 " model shows that it provides no predictive, causative, diagnostic, or preventative dimensions and is used by some of the medical profession as a tool of fear to extract research monies and by others in the profession to placate parents. The " @entity6884 " model is a definition of a non-reality and the antithesis of a scientific model. As a mathematical model it is impossible and is supported by statistical gerrymandering. It places diagnosed " @entity6884 " parents in @entity1939 . Its correlation with the reality of @entity1 @entity204 is staggeringly improbable. These features are in stark contrast with the ammonia factor theory of @entity1 @entity204 causation. The ammonia factor theory shows that the overall @entity1 @entity204 rate is preventable through a programme of welfare, as well as through educational, social and environmental improvements. The medically centred " @entity6884 " model is a useless, lethal fallacy. It is politically obstructive. It must be discarded.

title: The lethal " XXXX " fallacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legal jeopardy']

entities_list: @entity6884 :: ('MESH:D013398', 'Disease') :: ['cot-death syndrome']

answer: @entity6884 :: (MESH:D013398,Disease) :: ['cot-death syndrome']


abstract: In recent research, @entity548 and @entity326 have been studied as two separate entities. We have developed a treated model of @entity548 in which unrestrained and unanesthetized @entity35 are bled to a mean arterial pressure of 30 torr until 80% of the maximum shed volume must be returned. @entity35 are maintained preshock and treated post shock with a 20% @entity413 -electrolyte solution. Survival of these animals is 62% at 24 hours post shock and all animals are dead at 72 hours post shock. Blood cultures obtained during shock become positive at 2 hours into the shock period and are significant compared to controls at 3 to 5 hours of shock (p less than 0.0001). Blood cultures obtained after the period of shock are significantly positive at 24 and 48 hours post shock (p less than 0.05) compared to controls. Intrashock cultures are monomicrobial; the majority of post-shock cultures are polymicrobial. All cultured organisms are normal @entity35 enteric flora. Histologic changes of @entity177 are also demonstrated post shock. We suggest that bacterial invasion, possibly from the gut, plays a role in the @entity295 seen in @entity1 following severe @entity548 . @entity295 may precede rather than follow the @entity1200 which accompanies shock.

title: Occurrence of bacteremia during and after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune incompetence']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: Thrombolytic therapy with pharmacologic agents is an exciting approach to the treatment of @entity583 . The results of several clinical studies indicate that perfusion can be restored with intravenous therapy and may be associated with a reduction in @entity1188 size and improved left ventricular function. In a trial involving more than 11,000 @entity1 , thrombolytic therapy reduced acute and long term mortality. Pharmacologic thrombolysis, however, is not without problems. When administered intravenously, the agents currently available, streptokinase and urokinase, are associated with a relatively low recanalization rate as well as a risk of adverse effects, most commonly a systemic lytic state and risk of @entity548 complications. Although intracoronary administration is associated with a higher rate of recanalization, the need for cardiac catheterization limits its applicability and results in a delay in the initiation of thrombolytic therapy (which diminishes salvage of myocardium). The trials assessing the existing agents have shown that time is a critical variable in the success of thrombolytic therapy. This had led investigators to focus more attention on intravenous agents that can be administered rapidly. The newer agents now under investigation, acylated streptokinase and single-chain urokinase, may represent improvements of currently available products and may offer potentially increased benefits. A @entity2002 -sparing agent, such as t-PA, in addition to being highly effective, may offer advantages through minimizing the systemic lytic effect. Additional randomized, controlled clinical trials currently are underway to determine the effect on mortality of this "fibrinolytic" therapy as part of a total treatment regimen. The current status of our knowledge concerning thrombolytic therapy in acute @entity583 can be summarized as follows: 1. Transmural (that is, Q wave) @entity583 usually is caused by an obstructing coronary thrombus. 2. The thrombus can be lysed with intravenous therapy in the majority of cases, particularly with newer, well-tolerated fibrin-specific agents. 3. There is considerable evidence suggesting that reperfusion reduces the acute morbidity and mortality when therapy is administered successfully within the initial 3 to 4 hours (and possibly up to 6 hours) after onset of symptoms. 4. Data on long term prognosis after thrombolysis are very encouraging, although limited. 5. Conventional agents lead to significant @entity2002 depletion and therefore an increased risk of @entity548 ; the new fibrin-selected agents cause less @entity2002 degradation and may reduce the risk of @entity548 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Thrombolytic therapy in acute XXXX : Part I.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: AIMS: Risk factors among adolescent substance abusers have been shown to correlate with substance use severity. Characteristics related to severity, such as demographic and family factors, peer influences, psychiatric co-morbidity and @entity645 risk behaviors, are examined for a sample of adolescent @entity835 users entering treatment. DESIGN: These data are from a clinical trial study utilizing blocked random assignment of clients to one of five treatment conditions. The study targeted adolescents entering outpatient treatment for primarily @entity835 or @entity734 . SETTING: Treatment and research facilities in four metropolitan areas of the US were used to recruit study @entity1 . Treatment was delivered in outpatient drug-free settings. @entity1 : @entity1 were 600 clients, ages 12-18, admitted to outpatient @entity734 treatment programs for @entity835 problems, 96% with DSM-IV diagnoses of @entity734 or @entity734 , with the remaining 4% having at least one symptom of @entity734 plus significant problems indicating need for treatment. MEASUREMENTS: The Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) was used to collect the information presented in this paper. The GAIN incorporates DSM-IV criteria for substance use disorders, @entity9054 and @entity71 , as well as dimensional (scale) measures for physical and mental health. FINDINGS: All @entity1 reported at least one symptom of substance use disorders, and 46% met the DSM-IV criteria for @entity734 , while 50% met criteria for a diagnosis of abuse. Only 20% of the @entity1 perceived any need for help with problems associated with their drug or @entity167 use. Clients participating in the study typically presented multiple problems at treatment entry, most often including @entity9054 , @entity71 ( @entity71 ), @entity1032 , and physical health distress. The co-occurrence of @entity9054 and @entity71 was found in 30% of the sample. Clients meeting criteria for @entity734 tended to have more co-occurring problems and significantly less denial at admission. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of this sample exemplify the complex nature of adolescent substance use and abuse among adolescents entering outpatient treatment programs. Patterns of co-occurring problems are at rates comparable to those found in other clinical studies. Those with more severe substance use disorders tend to manifest more problems of social functioning, more mental health problems, and physical health problems. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of treatment needs, challenges, and prognostic implications.

title: Characteristics and problems of 600 adolescent XXXX abusers in outpatient treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['internal (mental) distress']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis', 'cannabis abuse']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduct disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'substance dependence', 'substance abuse']

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['cannabis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study reports data on time consumption before @entity439 surgery and the results of treatment in northern Norway. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 279 cases were identified and included in our analysis of time span from @entity548 to arrival at our department. Fifty-one @entity1 were treated conservatively, either because of bad clinical condition or because angiography revealed no @entity439 . The remaining 228 @entity1 were operated and included in our analysis of outcome after early @entity439 surgery. RESULTS: Among all 279 @entity1 with @entity510 ( @entity510 ), median time from ictus to arrival at the university hospital was 1 (0-30) day. Forty-one per cent arrived at the day of @entity548 and 86% within the first 3 days after @entity548 . Among the 228 @entity1 who underwent surgical @entity439 repair, median time from @entity548 to operation was 2 (0-33) days. Early @entity439 surgery (< 72 h) was performed in 146 @entity1 (64%). Fifty @entity1 (22%) underwent intermediate surgery (days 4-10) and 32 @entity1 (14%) were operated later (day 11 or later). A significant association was found between Hunt and Hess (HH) grade and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 suffering aneurysmal @entity510 in northern Norway undergo early @entity439 surgery and the outcome is comparable with that obtained in other Scandinavian centres. Initial Hunt and Hess grade is a major determinant for outcome in @entity510 .

title: Results of surgery for XXXX in northern Norway: a retrospective study with special focus on timing of surgery in a rural area.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage', 'SAH']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage']


abstract: We report the clinical, cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular findings in a 54-yr-old male @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), who showed progression to a diffuse large @entity1892 ( @entity6492 ). Genetic studies were performed at diagnosis and during the @entity6492 ( @entity6492 ). A clonal karyotype with two dicentric chromosomes, psu dic(12,21)(q24;q10) and dic(17,18)( @entity1354 .2; @entity1354 .2), was found. Both rearrangements were confirmed by FISH. Molecular cytogenetics analysis using @entity876 probe showed monoallelic loss of this @entity5 suppressor gene in 43.8% and 77.3% of cells for the first and the second studies, respectively). In both studies, deletions of D13S319 (18% and 12% of cells) and D13S25 loci (13% and 12% of cells) at 13q14 were found. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the MBR/JH rearrangement of the @entity588 gene. FISH studies using LSI @entity588 / @entity7513 probe allowed quantifying the clonal cell population with this rearrangement (4% and 6.6% of cells at diagnosis and @entity6492 , respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first case with a psu dic(12,21) described in @entity1072 . The low percentage of cells with the 13q14 deletion and @entity588 / @entity7513 rearrangement suggests that they were secondary events that resulted from @entity2214 . Our @entity1 had a short survival (9 months) and a clear lack of response to several therapeutic agents, confirming the association of @entity876 gene deletion and karyotypic evolution with disease progression.

title: Cytogenetic, FISH, and molecular studies in a case of XXXX with karyotypic evolution.

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal evolution']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'B-CLL']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6492 :: ('MESH:C537025', 'Disease') :: ['RT', "Richter's transformation", "Richter's syndrome"]

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acne scarring is a common complication of acne and yet no appropriate and effective single treatment modality has been developed. We suggest a technique consisting of the focal application of higher @entity2804 ( @entity2974 ) concentrations by pressing hard on the entire @entity308 area of @entity2318 . This technique is called chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) by the authors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of CROSS on @entity2318 in dark-complexioned @entity1 . METHODS: An analysis was conducted of 65 @entity1 with @entity2318 who were treated with CROSS in our hospitals between July 1996 and July 2001. Thirty-three @entity1 were treated with 65% @entity2974 CROSS and 32 @entity1 were treated with 100% @entity2974 CROSS. All @entity1 had Fitzpatrick skin types IV-V. RESULTS: @entity1 treatment data indicated that 27 of 33 @entity1 (82%) (the 65% @entity2974 group) and 30 of 32 @entity1 (94%) (the 100% @entity2974 group) experienced a good clinical response. All @entity1 in the 100% @entity2974 group who received five or six courses of treatment showed excellent results. Good satisfaction rates in the 65% and 100% @entity2974 groups were recorded. There were no cases of significant complication. CONCLUSION: CROSS is a safe and very effective single modality for the treatment of @entity2318 with no significant complications.

title: Focal treatment of @entity2318 with XXXX : chemical reconstruction of skin scars method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic acne scars']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

answer: @entity2804 :: (MESH:D014238,Chemical) :: ['trichloroacetic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acne scarring is a common complication of acne and yet no appropriate and effective single treatment modality has been developed. We suggest a technique consisting of the focal application of higher @entity2804 ( @entity2974 ) concentrations by pressing hard on the entire @entity308 area of @entity2318 . This technique is called chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) by the authors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of CROSS on @entity2318 in dark-complexioned @entity1 . METHODS: An analysis was conducted of 65 @entity1 with @entity2318 who were treated with CROSS in our hospitals between July 1996 and July 2001. Thirty-three @entity1 were treated with 65% @entity2974 CROSS and 32 @entity1 were treated with 100% @entity2974 CROSS. All @entity1 had Fitzpatrick skin types IV-V. RESULTS: @entity1 treatment data indicated that 27 of 33 @entity1 (82%) (the 65% @entity2974 group) and 30 of 32 @entity1 (94%) (the 100% @entity2974 group) experienced a good clinical response. All @entity1 in the 100% @entity2974 group who received five or six courses of treatment showed excellent results. Good satisfaction rates in the 65% and 100% @entity2974 groups were recorded. There were no cases of significant complication. CONCLUSION: CROSS is a safe and very effective single modality for the treatment of @entity2318 with no significant complications.

title: Focal treatment of XXXX with @entity2804 : chemical reconstruction of skin scars method.

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['acne scars']


abstract: Four groups of @entity35 were subjected to the following conditions: (1) 48 h fasting, (2) 48 h of 4 degrees C cold exposure, (3) 5 h treadmill running, (4) 48 h fasting with 4 degrees C cold exposure. The groups were compared to fed control @entity35 in order to study hormonal and metabolic responses in blood and tissue samples. Isolated hepatocytes were used to evaluate the rate of ketogenesis. Decreases in liver glycogen and increases in blood free @entity1718 (FFA) confirmed that glycogenolysis and lipolysis occur in these situations of metabolic stress. Increases in the glucagon/insulin plasma ratio were also noted. Plasma @entity2922 levels were only enhanced after running and after cold exposure. Production of blood @entity6178 bodies was stimulated more by running and by fasting than by cold exposure. The low @entity6178 body production observed after cold exposure seems to be linked to increases liver glycogen levels and decreased FFA availability. Liver cells isolated after cold exposure exhibited higher ketogenesis than these isolated after running. This difference in ketogenic capacity could result both from the longer hormonal stimulation by high glucagon/insulin plasma ratios and from the metabolic state of the liver.

title: Hormonal and metabolic response to physical exercise, fasting and cold exposure in the XXXX . Effects on ketogenesis in isolated hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A comparison of the influence of simple and complex @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) consumption on adipose tissue- and skeletal muscle- @entity5523 activity (AT-LPLA, SM-LPLA) was examined. Twenty male marathon runners were divided into two equal dietary groups: simple- @entity435 and complex- @entity435 . Half of the subjects in each group consumed either a low- @entity435 (15% energy [E] intake), or a mixed diet (50% @entity435 ) for 3 days. Immediately following this dietary period, the subjects consumed a @entity435 -rich diet (70% E intake) predominant in simple- @entity435 or in complex- @entity435 for an additional 3 days. Thereafter, all subjects returned to a normal mixed diet. Skeletal muscle biopsies, adipose tissue aspirations, and venous blood samples were obtained prior to dietary manipulation (PRE), upon completion of the 6 day diet (POST I), and 2 weeks after returning to a normal diet (POST II). The samples were analysed for AT-LPLA, SM-LPLA, serum insulin, and free @entity1718 (FFA), and blood @entity413 , and @entity880 . SM-LPLA fell 71% from PRE values of 0.39 +/- 0.30 mu mol.g-1.h-1 to POST I values of 0.11 +/- 0.09 mu mol.g-1.h-1 (means +/- SD) (p less than 0.05), after a complex- @entity435 diet. However, the simple- @entity435 diet did not alter SM-LPLA. AT-LPLA similarly decreased (p less than 0.05) after the complex- @entity435 diet, and no significant decrease was noted after the simple- @entity435 diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX activity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of marathon runners after simple and complex @entity1735 -rich diets.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity5523 :: ('4023', 'Gene') :: ['lipoprotein lipase']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5523 :: (4023,Gene) :: ['Lipoprotein lipase']


abstract: A comparison of the influence of simple and complex @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) consumption on adipose tissue- and skeletal muscle- @entity5523 activity (AT-LPLA, SM-LPLA) was examined. Twenty male marathon runners were divided into two equal dietary groups: simple- @entity435 and complex- @entity435 . Half of the subjects in each group consumed either a low- @entity435 (15% energy [E] intake), or a mixed diet (50% @entity435 ) for 3 days. Immediately following this dietary period, the subjects consumed a @entity435 -rich diet (70% E intake) predominant in simple- @entity435 or in complex- @entity435 for an additional 3 days. Thereafter, all subjects returned to a normal mixed diet. Skeletal muscle biopsies, adipose tissue aspirations, and venous blood samples were obtained prior to dietary manipulation (PRE), upon completion of the 6 day diet (POST I), and 2 weeks after returning to a normal diet (POST II). The samples were analysed for AT-LPLA, SM-LPLA, serum insulin, and free @entity1718 (FFA), and blood @entity413 , and @entity880 . SM-LPLA fell 71% from PRE values of 0.39 +/- 0.30 mu mol.g-1.h-1 to POST I values of 0.11 +/- 0.09 mu mol.g-1.h-1 (means +/- SD) (p less than 0.05), after a complex- @entity435 diet. However, the simple- @entity435 diet did not alter SM-LPLA. AT-LPLA similarly decreased (p less than 0.05) after the complex- @entity435 diet, and no significant decrease was noted after the simple- @entity435 diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity5523 activity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of marathon runners after simple and complex XXXX -rich diets.

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are established risk factors for the development of @entity740 . @entity10478 ( @entity10478 ) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) may be associated with the differential metabolic risk. Our study was performed to determine whether @entity10478 or @entity1386 was associated with the decrease of renal function in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Nine hundred and twenty-nine @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 and who had undergone abdominal computed tomography assessment of the @entity1386 and @entity10478 areas were included. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation and the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) four-variable equation at the time of the assessment of the @entity1386 and @entity10478 areas. RESULTS: @entity10478 was negatively associated with eGFR using the @entity8 equation after adjustment for the clinical variables (b-coefficient = - 0.075, P = 0.034), while @entity1386 was not significantly associated with eGFR. There was no significant association between the abdominal adiposity measurements and the eGFR using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. When stratifying the individuals by the body mass index groups, @entity10478 was negatively associated with eGFR by the @entity8 equation and the Cockcroft-Gault formula in the overweight and @entity28 subjects after adjustment for the clinical variables, while there was no significant association between the @entity10478 and the eGFR in the normal weight subjects. @entity1386 was not significantly associated with eGFR in the normal weight, overweight and @entity28 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity10478 may be an additional prognostic factor for the decrease of renal function especially in the overweight or @entity28 subjects with type 2 @entity6 .

title: Relationship of visceral and XXXX with renal function in @entity1 with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'Modification of Diet in Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['Visceral adiposity', 'VAT']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['SAT', 'subcutaneous adiposity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['subcutaneous adiposity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are established risk factors for the development of @entity740 . @entity10478 ( @entity10478 ) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) may be associated with the differential metabolic risk. Our study was performed to determine whether @entity10478 or @entity1386 was associated with the decrease of renal function in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Nine hundred and twenty-nine @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 and who had undergone abdominal computed tomography assessment of the @entity1386 and @entity10478 areas were included. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation and the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) four-variable equation at the time of the assessment of the @entity1386 and @entity10478 areas. RESULTS: @entity10478 was negatively associated with eGFR using the @entity8 equation after adjustment for the clinical variables (b-coefficient = - 0.075, P = 0.034), while @entity1386 was not significantly associated with eGFR. There was no significant association between the abdominal adiposity measurements and the eGFR using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. When stratifying the individuals by the body mass index groups, @entity10478 was negatively associated with eGFR by the @entity8 equation and the Cockcroft-Gault formula in the overweight and @entity28 subjects after adjustment for the clinical variables, while there was no significant association between the @entity10478 and the eGFR in the normal weight subjects. @entity1386 was not significantly associated with eGFR in the normal weight, overweight and @entity28 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity10478 may be an additional prognostic factor for the decrease of renal function especially in the overweight or @entity28 subjects with type 2 @entity6 .

title: Relationship of visceral and @entity1386 with renal function in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are established risk factors for the development of @entity740 . @entity10478 ( @entity10478 ) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) may be associated with the differential metabolic risk. Our study was performed to determine whether @entity10478 or @entity1386 was associated with the decrease of renal function in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Nine hundred and twenty-nine @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 and who had undergone abdominal computed tomography assessment of the @entity1386 and @entity10478 areas were included. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation and the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) four-variable equation at the time of the assessment of the @entity1386 and @entity10478 areas. RESULTS: @entity10478 was negatively associated with eGFR using the @entity8 equation after adjustment for the clinical variables (b-coefficient = - 0.075, P = 0.034), while @entity1386 was not significantly associated with eGFR. There was no significant association between the abdominal adiposity measurements and the eGFR using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. When stratifying the individuals by the body mass index groups, @entity10478 was negatively associated with eGFR by the @entity8 equation and the Cockcroft-Gault formula in the overweight and @entity28 subjects after adjustment for the clinical variables, while there was no significant association between the @entity10478 and the eGFR in the normal weight subjects. @entity1386 was not significantly associated with eGFR in the normal weight, overweight and @entity28 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity10478 may be an additional prognostic factor for the decrease of renal function especially in the overweight or @entity28 subjects with type 2 @entity6 .

title: Relationship of visceral and @entity1386 with renal function in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: The co-translational translocation of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and the biogenesis of membrane proteins require ribosome binding to a membrane channel formed by the @entity55551 complex. We now report the 17A structure of a @entity1 ribosome-channel complex derived from ER membranes. Atomic models of the ribosomal subunits were aligned to the programmed ribosome from @entity4691 , to provide a common reference frame. The @entity4691 ribosome, and by extension all known high resolution subunit models, were then docked within our map of the ribosome-channel complex. The structure shows that the ribosome contains a putative tRNA in the exit site, and a comparison with a non-programmed, @entity375 ribosome suggests that the L1 stalk may function as a gate in the tRNA exit path. We have localized six major expansion segments in the large subunit of the vertebrate ribosome including ES27, and suggest a function for ES30. The large ribosomal subunit is linked to the channel by four connections. We identified regions in the large subunit rRNA and four proteins that may help form the connections. These regions of the ribosome probably serve as a template to guide the assembly of the asymmetric translocation channel. Three of the connections form a picket fence that separates the putative translocation pore from the attachment site of an additional membrane component. The ribosome-channel connections also create an open junction that would allow egress of a nascent chain into the cytosol. At a threshold that is appropriate for the entire complex, the channel is rather solid and the lumenal half of the putative translocation pore is closed. These data suggest that the flow of small molecules across the membrane may be impeded by the channel itself, rather than the ribosome-channel junction.

title: Structure of the XXXX ribosome-channel complex at 17A resolution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity4691 :: ('274', 'Species') :: ['T.thermophilus', 'Thermus thermophilus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: The activation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) has been implicated in the development and progression of @entity46 . The aim of this study is to investigate the potential application of @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ), a potent NF-kB inhibitor, in the treatment of @entity46 . NF-kB-DNA-binding activity, IkB phosphorylation and expression of nuclear @entity9135 protein in endometriotic ectopic stromal cells (EcSCs), endometriotic eutopic stromal cells (EuSCs) and normal endometrial stromal cells (NESCs) were detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and western blot analysis. Adhesion, migration, invasion and apoptosis of EcSCs were observed by means of adhesion, migration, invasion and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity21055 nick-end labeling assay, respectively. Gene and protein expressions of @entity1759 s, @entity1476 , @entity1495 and survivin in EcSCs were measured by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The results showed that @entity14568 in the absence or presence of @entity1356 showed stronger inhibitory effects on NF-kB-DNA-binding activity, IkB phosphorylation and expression of nuclear @entity9135 protein in EcSCs than those in EuSCs or NESCs. @entity14568 enhanced apoptosis, and suppressed @entity1356 -induced cellular adhesion, migration and invasion of EcSCs. Pretreatment of EcSCs with @entity14568 attenuated @entity1356 -induced expressions of CD44s, @entity1476 , @entity1495 and survivin at gene and protein levels. All these findings suggest that @entity14568 induces apoptosis and down-regulates adhesion, migration and invasion of EcSCs through the suppression of various molecules. Therefore, @entity14568 could be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity46 .

title: XXXX inhibits nuclear factor-kB pathway activation, and regulates adhesion, migration, invasion and apoptosis of endometriotic stromal cells.

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity13373 :: (MESH:C020972,Chemical) :: ['Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']


abstract: CONTEXT: Three recent nested case-control studies conducted in automated databases suggest that users of @entity2453 reductase inhibitors (statins) have a risk of hip and other @entity3604 half that of non-users of any lipid-lowering drug. However, this comparison may be biased by unmeasured factors associated with treated @entity407 . OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk of @entity173 among users of statins and other lipid-lowering agents, which is less susceptible to bias than the comparisons performed in the previous studies. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study conducted in the Tennessee Medicaid program between 1 January 1989 through 31 December 1998. SUBJECTS: New users of all lipid-lowering drugs and randomly selected non-user controls who at baseline were at least 50 years of age and did not have life threatening illness, nursing home residence, or diagnosed @entity303 or @entity170 . There were 12506 @entity1 with new use of statins, 4798 with new use of other lipid lowering drugs, and 17280 non-user controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Fracture of the proximal femur (hip), excluding pathological @entity174 or those resulting from severe @entity130 . RESULTS: During 66690 @entity1 years of follow up, there were 186 @entity173 (2.8 per 1000). Relative to non-users, the adjusted incidence rate ratios (95% confidence interval) were 0.62 (0.45 to 0.85) for statin users and 0.44 (0.26 to 0.95) for other lipid-lowering drugs. When compared directly with the other drugs, the adjusted incidence rate ratio for statins was 1.42 (0.83-2.43). CONCLUSION: These data provide evidence that the previously observed protective effect of statins may be explained by unmeasured confounding factors.

title: Lipid-lowering agents and the risk of XXXX in a Medicaid population.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemias']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'person']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: Parenteral nutrition-associated conjugated @entity3638 (PNAC), commonly defined as direct @entity648 >= 2 mg/dL (34.2  mol/L), is primarily a @entity66 with premature @entity1 being the most susceptible. Severe morbidity and increased mortality are associated with @entity648 >10 mg/dL (171.0  mol/L). The lack of knowledge regarding the cause of PNAC has stymied development of prevention and treatment strategies. A systematic search of published reports was conducted to provide data on histopathology of PNAC and to review prospective, randomized, controlled trials in hospitalized @entity1 . In experiments of young animals, @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) with and without soy oil emulsion is directly linked to @entity3638 , and the effects are exaggerated by overfeeding. In @entity1 , the most consistently reported risk factor for PNAC is the duration of @entity3147 . The only known effective modality is the transition to full enteral feeding and discontinuation of @entity3147 . Emerging clinical research is evaluating the role of lipid source (soy vs fish) and motility agents, such as @entity2929 . Different trace element preparations are associated with varying severity of @entity1448 , a finding that also deserves more study. This article reviews the prevalence, risk factors, clinical presentation, and treatment options for PNAC in neonatal intensive care units.

title: Parenteral nutrition-associated conjugated XXXX in hospitalized @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity3638 :: (MESH:D006932,Disease) :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']


abstract: Parenteral nutrition-associated conjugated @entity3638 (PNAC), commonly defined as direct @entity648 >= 2 mg/dL (34.2  mol/L), is primarily a @entity66 with premature @entity1 being the most susceptible. Severe morbidity and increased mortality are associated with @entity648 >10 mg/dL (171.0  mol/L). The lack of knowledge regarding the cause of PNAC has stymied development of prevention and treatment strategies. A systematic search of published reports was conducted to provide data on histopathology of PNAC and to review prospective, randomized, controlled trials in hospitalized @entity1 . In experiments of young animals, @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) with and without soy oil emulsion is directly linked to @entity3638 , and the effects are exaggerated by overfeeding. In @entity1 , the most consistently reported risk factor for PNAC is the duration of @entity3147 . The only known effective modality is the transition to full enteral feeding and discontinuation of @entity3147 . Emerging clinical research is evaluating the role of lipid source (soy vs fish) and motility agents, such as @entity2929 . Different trace element preparations are associated with varying severity of @entity1448 , a finding that also deserves more study. This article reviews the prevalence, risk factors, clinical presentation, and treatment options for PNAC in neonatal intensive care units.

title: Parenteral nutrition-associated conjugated @entity3638 in hospitalized XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']