abstract: While transplantation of the larynx may eventually be useful in post-laryngectomy reconstruction, three criteria must first be met before @entity1 transplants can be attempted: transplant viability must be high, immunosuppression must be safe and effective and functional recovery of the larynx must occur. To study these first two criteria, a total of 11 @entity235 larynx transplants were performed: 3 autografts, 6 orthotopic allografts and 2 heterotopic allografts. The rationale and technical performance of these different transplant procedures are reviewed in detail. Orthotopic transplant recipients received @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) while the heterotopic allograft recipients received @entity618 and @entity1667 in addition to @entity9472 . Overall, 9 of 11 of the transplants remained viable. In contrast, all 3 autografted animals developed esophageal-cutaneous fistulas; 2 developed @entity295 and were sacrificed on post-operative days (POD) 5 and 28, respectively. The third survived for 91 days and demonstrated a high degree of regeneration in the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves of the transplant. Orthotopically transplanted @entity235 also had a high morbidity and perioperative mortality (5 of 6 animals). The single "long-term" survivor was treated with @entity9472 alone, but developed complete transplant rejection on POD 33. The two heterotopic transplant recipients had no perioperative morbidity and the combination of @entity9472 , @entity618 and @entity1667 given these latter animals was effective in the long-term prevention of rejection. One of these heterotopic recipients died of @entity295 on POD 68 while the other remained alive and well on POD 168. Our present findings show that currently available microsurgical techniques allow experimental @entity235 laryngeal transplantation to be done with significantly high transplant viability rates. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX laryngeal transplantation: preliminary studies and a new heterotopic allotransplantation model.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: We report a case of very slowly progressive, high-cervical spondylotic myelopathy with @entity51 in the palms. A 76-year-old @entity1 began to feel tingling sensation in the second fingers of the bilateral hands 30 years prior to admission. The abnormal sensation spread from the first to the third fingers, and subsequently all over the palms. He noticed intermittent sharp @entity158 in the dermatomes of @entity40206 bilaterally from his late sixties, and later he developed clumsiness of fine finger movements. In recent years he experienced @entity2693 in the thighs while walking. On neurological examination, there was a mild @entity51 in light touch over the bilateral palms, while perception of temperature and @entity158 was normal. Vibration sense was severely and position sense mildly impaired. Discriminative sensation, including graphesthesia, stereognosis, two-point discrimination and texture recognition, was severely impaired over the bilateral palms. On the other hand, all modalities of sensation were normal in the lower limbs. Gross motor dysfunction, such as weakness of limbs, @entity3949 or gait disturbance, was not present. He did not show @entity2055 , but the dexterity of his fingers was severely impaired. Deep tendon reflexes were mildly increased except for the Achilles tendons that were hyporeactive. Plantar responses were flexor bilaterally. Nerve conduction study revealed giant F waves and H reflexes by stimulations of the median and ulnar nerves bilaterally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of very slowly progressive, high-cervical spondylotic myelopathy presenting with XXXX in the palms].

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensory deficits', 'symmetrical deep sensory deficits']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['limb ataxia']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['symmetric deep sensory deficits']


abstract: We report a 56-year-old @entity1 with @entity304 and @entity303 who died of @entity1576 . The @entity1 was well until the age of 41 when she noted insidious onset of difficulty in moving around. Soon after, she noted @entity400 in both her hands and gait disturbance. She received stereotaxic right thalamotomy when she was 46-year-old; after thalamotomy, improvement was noted in her @entity400 , @entity2003 , and in gait. However, a few months later, she started to experience motor fluctuations with worsening of her symptoms in the afternoon. This worsening was temporarily relieved by increasing her levodopa/ @entity18776 dose. She started to show @entity1833 and @entity2146 when she was 54-year-old. Her symptoms had progressively become worse with marked motor fluctuations and she was admitted to our hospital when she was 56-year-old. On admission, she was alert and general physical examination was unremarkable. Neurologic examination revealed that she was disoriented to time and place; memory was markedly disturbed and calculation was poor. Hasegawa @entity303 scale was 7/30. Higher cerebral functions appeared intact. She showed masked face, small voice, and some @entity1282 . Other cranial nerves were intact including ocular movements. She was unable to walk by herself; when supported she walked in small steps with marked disturbance in the righting reflex. Mixed @entity2003 and Gegenhalten was noted in her four limbs and in the neck. @entity400 was absent. She showed marked @entity910 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A 56-year-old @entity1 with XXXX and @entity303 with the age of onset at 41 years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18776 :: ('MESH:D001545', 'Chemical') :: ['benserazide']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucination']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Tremor', 'tremor']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: We report a 56-year-old @entity1 with @entity304 and @entity303 who died of @entity1576 . The @entity1 was well until the age of 41 when she noted insidious onset of difficulty in moving around. Soon after, she noted @entity400 in both her hands and gait disturbance. She received stereotaxic right thalamotomy when she was 46-year-old; after thalamotomy, improvement was noted in her @entity400 , @entity2003 , and in gait. However, a few months later, she started to experience motor fluctuations with worsening of her symptoms in the afternoon. This worsening was temporarily relieved by increasing her levodopa/ @entity18776 dose. She started to show @entity1833 and @entity2146 when she was 54-year-old. Her symptoms had progressively become worse with marked motor fluctuations and she was admitted to our hospital when she was 56-year-old. On admission, she was alert and general physical examination was unremarkable. Neurologic examination revealed that she was disoriented to time and place; memory was markedly disturbed and calculation was poor. Hasegawa @entity303 scale was 7/30. Higher cerebral functions appeared intact. She showed masked face, small voice, and some @entity1282 . Other cranial nerves were intact including ocular movements. She was unable to walk by herself; when supported she walked in small steps with marked disturbance in the righting reflex. Mixed @entity2003 and Gegenhalten was noted in her four limbs and in the neck. @entity400 was absent. She showed marked @entity910 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A 56-year-old @entity1 with @entity304 and XXXX with the age of onset at 41 years].

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: We report a 56-year-old @entity1 with @entity304 and @entity303 who died of @entity1576 . The @entity1 was well until the age of 41 when she noted insidious onset of difficulty in moving around. Soon after, she noted @entity400 in both her hands and gait disturbance. She received stereotaxic right thalamotomy when she was 46-year-old; after thalamotomy, improvement was noted in her @entity400 , @entity2003 , and in gait. However, a few months later, she started to experience motor fluctuations with worsening of her symptoms in the afternoon. This worsening was temporarily relieved by increasing her levodopa/ @entity18776 dose. She started to show @entity1833 and @entity2146 when she was 54-year-old. Her symptoms had progressively become worse with marked motor fluctuations and she was admitted to our hospital when she was 56-year-old. On admission, she was alert and general physical examination was unremarkable. Neurologic examination revealed that she was disoriented to time and place; memory was markedly disturbed and calculation was poor. Hasegawa @entity303 scale was 7/30. Higher cerebral functions appeared intact. She showed masked face, small voice, and some @entity1282 . Other cranial nerves were intact including ocular movements. She was unable to walk by herself; when supported she walked in small steps with marked disturbance in the righting reflex. Mixed @entity2003 and Gegenhalten was noted in her four limbs and in the neck. @entity400 was absent. She showed marked @entity910 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A 56-year-old XXXX with @entity304 and @entity303 with the age of onset at 41 years].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Screening for the @entity20546 trait is one strategy to identify @entity1 who may be susceptible to early @entity716 or be at high risk for prodromal @entity716 . The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B) has been widely used to assess the @entity20546 and has been translated into Chinese. However, the psychometric properties of the Chinese-version scale have yet to be evaluated. PURPOSE: This study evaluates the construct validity of the Chinese-version SPQ-B on a sample of male and female undergraduate students in Taiwan. METHODS: A cross-sectional design with convenient sampling was used for this study. The data were collected using the Chinese-version SPQ-B between October 2008 and June 2009. @entity1 included 513 male and 675 female undergraduate students in Taiwan. The factor construct validity of the scale was examined by confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling with SPSS AMOS version 17 software. RESULTS: The results show that the three-factor model fits the data better than the one-factor model for both male and female @entity1 . The male @entity1 scored significantly higher than their female counterparts in terms of total scale, interpersonal subscales, and disorganized subscales. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The Chinese version of the SPQ-B adequately achieves three-factor construct validity for undergraduate students. The scale may be used to screen for the @entity20546 trait in both male and female college students to identify those at an elevated risk for @entity1032 .

title: Assessing the construct validity of the chinese-version XXXX questionnaire-brief on male and female undergraduate students.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity20546 :: ('MESH:D012569', 'Disease') :: ['schizotypal personality']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity20546 :: (MESH:D012569,Disease) :: ['schizotypal personality']


abstract: Protein A immobilized @entity26337 ( @entity26337 ) microbeads were investigated for the specific removal of HIgG from aqueous solutions and from @entity1 plasma. @entity26337 microbeads were prepared by a suspension polymerization technique and activated by CNBr in an alkaline medium (pH 11.5). Protein A was then immobilized by covalent binding onto these microbeads. The amount of immobilized protein A was controlled by changing pH and the initial concentrations of CNBr and protein A. The maximum protein A immobilization was observed at pH 9.5. Up to 3.5 mg protein A/g @entity26337 was immobilized on the CNBr activated @entity26337 microbeads. The maximum HIgG adsorption on the protein A immobilized @entity26337 microbeads was observed at pH 8.0. The non-specific HIgG adsorption onto the plain @entity26337 microbeads was low (about 0.167 mg of HIgG/g @entity26337 ). Higher adsorption values (up to 6.0 mg of HIgG/g @entity26337 ) were obtained in which the protein A immobilized @entity26337 microbeads were used. Much higher amounts of HIgG (up to 24.0 mg of HIgG/g @entity26337 ) were adsorbed from @entity1 plasma.

title: Protein A immobilized polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate beads for affinity sorption of XXXX immunoglobulin G.

entities_list: @entity26337 :: ('MESH:D011102', 'Chemical') :: ['polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate', 'PHEMA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A case of @entity6962 of mesonephric origin in a 58 year old @entity1 is reported. A @entity5 with a solid area, measuring 14 cm in greatest diameter, was detected in the pelvic cavity by computerized tomography and ultrasound. Although it was diagnosed as an @entity43 for surgical removal, it was found to be entirely located in the myometrium of the left lateral wall of the uterine body and neither ovary was remarkable. Histologically the @entity5 was composed of epithelial and @entity3038 components. The former showed low papillary pattern, crowded solid nests and cords of cells, and focal tubular structures. The latter showed a solid growth pattern with differentiation to @entity1822 . In the uterine cervix, a 1.2 cm mesonephric (Gartner's) cyst was found. Neither @entity1313 nor @entity46 were identified in the cervix, endometrium, fallopian tubes or ovaries. Based on the histologic features and the specific location of the @entity5 , the coexistence of @entity45 , and the normal appearance of the endocervical mucosa as well as the endometrium, it was diagnosed as a @entity6962 . The serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, @entity10224 , CA19-9, and CA72-4 were within normal ranges in the clinical course. The @entity1 died of disease 8 months after surgery.

title: XXXX of mesonephric origin.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatous']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ["Gartner's cyst"]

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma', 'mesonephric carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity6962 :: (MESH:D002296,Disease) :: ['Carcinosarcoma of the uterine body']


abstract: Different types of Q-switched (QS) lasers have been used successfully to treat @entity13687 . The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and complication of QS alexandrite (QS Alex) laser versus QS neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) (QS Nd:YAG) laser for bilateral @entity13687 . Seventeen @entity1 with bilateral @entity13687 were treated randomly with QS Alex in one half of face and QS Nd:YAG in the other half with an interval of at least 3 months between each. Subjective assessment was made by both @entity1 and dermatologists. @entity1 were also examined for evidence of complications. All @entity1 experienced improvement (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two sides (p > 0.05). The @entity158 after a short period of laser therapy was more severe for QS Alex than for QS Nd:YAG laser. Vesicles developed in 1 @entity1 after QS Alex therapy. Both QS Alex laser and QS Nd:YAG laser were equally effective at improving bilateral @entity13687 . @entity1 tolerate QS Nd:YAG laser better than QS Alex laser.

title: A randomized, split-face clinical trial of Q-switched alexandrite laser versus Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13687 :: ('MESH:D009507', 'Disease') :: ['nevus of Ota']

answer: @entity13687 :: (MESH:D009507,Disease) :: ['nevus of Ota']


abstract: This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of periapical, tomographic, and cross-sectional occlusal radiographic techniques in the assessment of facial and lingual @entity604 at implant obscured sites. An edentulous dry @entity1 mandible was prepared with implants in the incisor, premolar, and molar regions. Successive round bur sizes (No. 1 to 6) were used to create circumferential infrabony periodontal defects in the @entity4067 adjacent to the implants. Periapical radiographs were made with custom stents and imaged each site in a conventional parasagittal orientation. Linear tomograms imaged sites in a cross-sectional coronal orientation. Cross-sectional occlusal radiographs imaged anatomy in the axial plane. Radiographic anatomy mesial and distal to each implant was masked with opaque tape before evaluation by a panel of six observers. Images were displayed in pairs consisting of an image at baseline and a second image having an equal chance of displaying an @entity79 or no bone removal. Image pairs were displayed in random order. A five-point scale was used to evaluate accuracy of detection of the presence or absence of changes in bone density as well as observer confidence in that assessment. ANOVA demonstrated significant variation due to image modality and @entity79 . Cross-sectional occlusal views provided significantly greater mean observer confidence scores than either periapical images or tomograms (P < .01). However, tomograms may provide greater utility in actual clinical practice.

title: Radiographic evaluation of XXXX obscured by dental implants.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['increment of bone removal']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity4067 :: ('MESH:D017675', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar crest']

answer: @entity4067 :: (MESH:D017675,Disease) :: ['alveolar crest']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3013 (RT) has the capacity to increase skeletal muscle mass, which is due in part to transient increases in the rate of muscle protein synthesis during postexercise recovery. The role of ribosome biogenesis in supporting the increased muscle protein synthetic demands is not known. This study examined the effect of both a single acute bout of resistance exercise (RE) and a chronic RT program on the muscle ribosome biogenesis response. Fourteen healthy young @entity1 performed a single bout of RE both before and after 8 wk of chronic RT. Muscle cross-sectional area was increased by 6    4.5% in response to 8 wk of RT. Acute RE-induced activation of the ERK and @entity3470 pathways were similar before and after RT, as assessed by phosphorylation of ERK, @entity23815 , @entity15080 , and S6 ribosomal protein 1 h postexercise. Phosphorylation of @entity71842 was also similarly elevated following both RE sessions. @entity4910 protein levels, which appeared to be regulated at the translational rather than transcriptional level, were acutely increased after RE. @entity39057 was the only protein found to be highly phosphorylated at rest after 8 wk of training. Also, muscle levels of the rRNAs, including the precursor 45S and the mature transcripts (28S, 18S, and 5.8S), were increased in response to RT. We propose that ribosome biogenesis is an important yet overlooked event in RE-induced muscle hypertrophy that warrants further investigation.

title: Ribosome biogenesis adaptation in resistance training-induced XXXX skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['Resistance training']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity5834 is an active adulterant found in several drugs of abuse including coca paste (CP). We had previously demonstrated that @entity5834 potentiated the acute stimulant effect induced by CP seized samples. The role of @entity5834 in the expression of sensitization elicited by a CP seized sample (CP1) was here evaluated. METHODS: CP1 (equivalent dose of 10   mg/kg of @entity2072 ), @entity2072 (pure, 10   mg/kg), a combination of @entity2072 10   mg/kg plus @entity5834 2.5   mg/kg (CP1-surrogate) and saline (control) were intraperitoneally injected in male @entity35 under two different sensitization schedules. Ambulatory locomotion was recorded in 58 animals. RESULTS: After five daily CP1 injections and 5   days of withdrawal, CP1-challenged animals displayed a more robust sensitization than @entity2072 -treated animals. When a 3 injections-regime of CP1-surrogate or @entity2072 was assayed, only CP1-surrogate was able to elicit sensitization. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: @entity5834 enhances and accelerates the CP1-induced sensitization. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Results may shed light on the fast and high dependence observed in CP users. (Am J Addict 2015;XX:XX -XX).

title: XXXX enhances and accelerates the expression of sensitization induced by coca paste indicating its relevance as a main adulterant.

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['Caffeine', 'caffeine']

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['Caffeine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Juvenile @entity18871 (JNA) is a rare vascular and @entity5 that most commonly affects males in prepuberal and adolescent age. Traditionally, these @entity5 have been removed, after selective embolization, with the open surgical approach (degloving), but the interest in the endoscopic resection, especially for small @entity5 , has increased in recent years. To present our experience of JNA management, comparing the endoscopic approach and open/combined approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, and descriptive study of 12 young @entity1 , ages between 9 and 19 years (mean: 13), suffering from @entity18871 and treated with open surgery (N=6), with endoscopic excision (N=5) or with combined approach (N=1). We reviewed demographical data, clinical presentation, surgical approach as well as time of surgery, of hospitalization, need of blood transfusion during surgery, and complications occurred during hospitalization. RESULTS: All JNA @entity1 were male. The average age at diagnosis was 13.7 years (range 9-19 years). Approximately, 8.3% were classified as   nerci I, 41.7% as   nerci II, and 50.0% as   nerci III. Preoperative embolization was carried out in all @entity1 . All @entity1 were submitted to primary surgical resection, and 2 of them required intraoperative blood transfusion. The overall recurrence rate was 8.3% and the cure rate was 100%. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that endoscopic approach gives excellent results in small and medium dimensions @entity5 , whereas open surgery remains a safe procedure for @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: XXXX : Comparison Between Endoscopic and Open Operative Approaches.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous tumor', 'larger tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibroma']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Differences in the condylar between both sides in class III cases with mandibular deviated are important for the diagnosis, treatment, and retention in this kind of @entity1 . To detect the subtle differences, we analyzed the size, shape, and bone density with three-dimensional reconstructed technology. METHODS: The symmetry group and the asymmetry group each with 20 cases were chosen according to some standards. The computed tomographic data obtained and three-dimensional model were built with SimPlant software. The distance and angle were measured in the three-dimensional model, and the bone density was measured with the SimPlant software. The differences between the separated side in each group and the difference between the 2 groups were analyzed. RESULTS: In the asymmetry group, some measurement projects of the bilateral condyles showed significant differences, such as the ramal height, condylar perpendicular height, the area of maximum cross section of condylar, condylar medialateral diameter, length of posterior slope, and angle of posterior slope. When the asymmetry group was compared with the symmetry group, the condyles of the asymmetry group showed more asymmetrical variations in morphology, such as the ramal height, the condylar perpendicular height, the area of maximum cross section of condylar, the medialateral diameter, the length of anterior slope, and angle of posterior slope. The bone mineral density of the condylar anterior and condylar medial point was higher in the nondeviated side, and the bone mineral density of the condylar posterior was higher in the deviated side, and no statistically significant difference was found in the symmetry group. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity3233 with @entity5494 @entity1 , the three-dimensional morphology and bone density of condylar on the deviated side differ from the nondeviated side, which indicates the association between asymmetrical jaw function and joint @entity5707 .

title: Study of Condylar Asymmetry in Angle XXXX With @entity5494 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3233 :: ('MESH:D008313', 'Disease') :: ['class III malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['remodeling']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular deviation']

answer: @entity3233 :: (MESH:D008313,Disease) :: ['Class III Malocclusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Differences in the condylar between both sides in class III cases with mandibular deviated are important for the diagnosis, treatment, and retention in this kind of @entity1 . To detect the subtle differences, we analyzed the size, shape, and bone density with three-dimensional reconstructed technology. METHODS: The symmetry group and the asymmetry group each with 20 cases were chosen according to some standards. The computed tomographic data obtained and three-dimensional model were built with SimPlant software. The distance and angle were measured in the three-dimensional model, and the bone density was measured with the SimPlant software. The differences between the separated side in each group and the difference between the 2 groups were analyzed. RESULTS: In the asymmetry group, some measurement projects of the bilateral condyles showed significant differences, such as the ramal height, condylar perpendicular height, the area of maximum cross section of condylar, condylar medialateral diameter, length of posterior slope, and angle of posterior slope. When the asymmetry group was compared with the symmetry group, the condyles of the asymmetry group showed more asymmetrical variations in morphology, such as the ramal height, the condylar perpendicular height, the area of maximum cross section of condylar, the medialateral diameter, the length of anterior slope, and angle of posterior slope. The bone mineral density of the condylar anterior and condylar medial point was higher in the nondeviated side, and the bone mineral density of the condylar posterior was higher in the deviated side, and no statistically significant difference was found in the symmetry group. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity3233 with @entity5494 @entity1 , the three-dimensional morphology and bone density of condylar on the deviated side differ from the nondeviated side, which indicates the association between asymmetrical jaw function and joint @entity5707 .

title: Study of Condylar Asymmetry in Angle @entity3233 With XXXX .

answer: @entity5494 :: (MESH:D010262,Disease) :: ['Mandibular Deviation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both short telomere length and @entity2383 have been associated with pregnancy complications, such as @entity1468 and @entity1592 . However, the relationship between these two biomarkers of oxidative stress, during pregnancy, is unknown. This study investigated the association of leukocyte telomere length with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, an indicator of mitochondrial density and possible @entity2383 , using maternal blood samples collected from @entity1 with pregnancies uncomplicated by gestational @entity6 or @entity101 disorders. METHODS: Leukocyte telomere length and mtDNA copy number were determined in 75 pregnant @entity1 using quantitative real-time quantitative PCR. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression procedures were used to evaluate associations of these two biomarkers. RESULTS: Leukocyte mtDNA copy number (natural-logarithm) was positively associated with telomere length (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.30, p-value = 0.009). After adjusting for maternal age and plasma @entity2186 , natural-log mtDNA copy number increased by 0.80 (f = 0.80; 95% CI 0.25 - 1.34, p-value = 0.005) for every 1 unit increase of telomere length. Approximately 11% of the variation in natural-long mtDNA copy number was explained by the model (adjusted R2 = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: This cross sectional data suggests an association of mtDNA copy number with telomere length, two emergent biological markers of potential importance in perinatal health research. The consequences of oxidative stress, cellular senescence (as reflected by relatively shorter telomere length) and @entity2383 , on the course and outcomes of pregnancy remain to be elucidated in larger prospective studies that include these biological markers.

title: The association between leukocyte telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in pregnant XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Between 1980 and 1992, 68 @entity1 with clinical indications of involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with metastatic @entity320 were treated at Roswell Park @entity5 Institute. Presenting symptoms were @entity417 , @entity490 , @entity390 and @entity391 . Sites commonly involved were the small bowel (75%), the large intestine (25%), and the stomach (16%). Twenty-one @entity1 were considered unsuitable for surgery; their median survival after diagnosis of GI @entity3 was 2.9 months. Forty-seven @entity1 underwent abdominal surgery; effective palliation was achieved in most of them. Complete resection of GI @entity3 was accomplished in 47% of @entity1 . The median survival after operation was 27.6 months for @entity1 with complete resection of GI @entity3 and no other disease, 5.1 months for @entity1 with resection of involved GI tract and other @entity3 present, and 1.9 months for @entity1 who had a by-pass procedure only. The 5-year survival for @entity1 with complete resection of GI @entity3 and no other evidence of disease was 28.3%. The other groups had only 1-year survivors. Surgical intervention is justified on the basis of these findings, and extended palliation can be achieved in @entity1 with complete resection of metastatic disease.

title: Gastrointestinal @entity3 from malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Between 1980 and 1992, 68 @entity1 with clinical indications of involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with metastatic @entity320 were treated at Roswell Park @entity5 Institute. Presenting symptoms were @entity417 , @entity490 , @entity390 and @entity391 . Sites commonly involved were the small bowel (75%), the large intestine (25%), and the stomach (16%). Twenty-one @entity1 were considered unsuitable for surgery; their median survival after diagnosis of GI @entity3 was 2.9 months. Forty-seven @entity1 underwent abdominal surgery; effective palliation was achieved in most of them. Complete resection of GI @entity3 was accomplished in 47% of @entity1 . The median survival after operation was 27.6 months for @entity1 with complete resection of GI @entity3 and no other disease, 5.1 months for @entity1 with resection of involved GI tract and other @entity3 present, and 1.9 months for @entity1 who had a by-pass procedure only. The 5-year survival for @entity1 with complete resection of GI @entity3 and no other evidence of disease was 28.3%. The other groups had only 1-year survivors. Surgical intervention is justified on the basis of these findings, and extended palliation can be achieved in @entity1 with complete resection of metastatic disease.

title: Gastrointestinal XXXX from malignant @entity320 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Clonality studies have suggested that @entity5 are monoclonal and @entity1373 are polyclonal. To investigate this question in thyroid, we analyzed the clonality of 26 morphologically characterized hyperplastic nodules from 19 @entity1 with @entity5651 . For comparison we studied six @entity259 . We used the highly informative M27 beta probe that maps to the X-chromosome DXS255 locus (X cen- @entity1354 .22). Material was obtained from 52 nodules; tissue from nine nodules was rejected because of contamination with normal elements, five @entity1 (eight nodules) were homozygous at @entity4913 I sites in nonnodular thyroid tissue, and three nodules were excluded for technical reasons. Methylation patterns after Hpa II digestion confirmed polyclonality in all nontumorous thyroids of informative @entity1 . Seven hyperplastic nodules were polyclonal, and 18 were monoclonal; one showed loss of heterozygosity. One nodule exhibited aberrant methylation. Multiple nodules were obtained from four @entity1 ; in three, all were monoclonal with activation of the same allele. Three @entity1377 were monoclonal; two exhibited aberrant methylation. One @entity189 showed loss of heterozygosity. Our data indicate that morphologically indistinguishable hyperplastic thyroid nodules may be monoclonal or polyclonal. These findings suggest that variable molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of nodules in @entity5651 . Future studies will need to explore the biological significance of nodules of variable clonal origin.

title: Clonality of thyroid nodules in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic goiter', 'sporadic goiters']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas']

answer: @entity5651 :: (MESH:D006042,Disease) :: ['sporadic goiter']


abstract: Rhinoviruses are the cause of the majority of common colds, but their role in lower @entity1576 is less clear. Recent studies using the polymerase chain reaction to detect rhinoviruses have established @entity1729 as major factors in the induction of acute exacerbations of @entity565 in both adults and @entity1 , both in mild exacerbations and in more severe exacerbations leading to hospital admission. Rhinoviruses were the major virus type detected in these studies, accounting for two-thirds of viruses detected. It is not known whether rhinoviruses produce their effects by directly invading the lower airway or by indirect means. Previous clinical studies provide some evidence that rhinoviruses are capable of infecting the lower airway. However, the immunologic response, both in the upper and lower airways, remains poorly defined. Recent studies have provided evidence of increased cellular activation in peripheral blood and in bronchial biopsies in @entity1097 subjects compared with normal subjects during experimental @entity281 . The reasons for these different cellular responses are unclear. Rhinoviruses as well as other respiratory viruses have been shown to increase levels of a variety of cytokines from respiratory epithelium, monocytes, or macrophages. Prominent among these cytokines is @entity687 . We have detected increased levels of @entity687 in nasal secretions from subjects with wild-type @entity281 . We studied the mechanisms of rhinovirus-induced @entity687 production and and found protein release from both pulmonary epithelial and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This protein production was accompanied by increased mRNA expression and evidence of infection of both pulmonary epithelial and monocyte cell lines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Natural and experimental XXXX of the lower respiratory tract.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['rhinovirus infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory viral infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['rhinovirus infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a new approach of endoscopic resection for @entity5 through a cosmetic retroauricular incision with a water sac establishing the operative space. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 with benign parotid superficial @entity1313 were randomly assigned to an endoscopic (29 @entity1 ) or a conventional (29 @entity1 ) surgery group. The maximum diameter of the @entity5 was 6   cm. The subjective satisfaction scores with the incision scar, incision length, operative @entity548 volume, @entity260 , and recurrence rate were compared between the groups. RESULTS: All operations were successfully performed. The endoscopic incision length (4.3  0.5   cm), @entity548 volume (26.6  10.4   mL), and incidence of temporary facial paresis (6.9%) differed from the conventional surgery group (P<.05). The scars were almost invisible behind the ear. The mean @entity1 satisfaction score was 8.9  0.7 in the endoscopic surgery group and 6.7  1.8 in the conventional surgery group (P<.05). Otherwise, @entity8810 and salivary fistula incidences were 3.4% (1/29) and 3.4% (1/29), respectively, in the endoscopic surgery group, which was not significantly different from the conventional surgery group (P>.05). No @entity5 recurrence was found during the 3-72 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic resection through a cosmetic retroauricular incision with a water sac establishing operative space is a feasible method for treatment of benign parotid superficial @entity1313 . Its main advantages are that the small and concealed operative scars improved the cosmetic results, and it provided a novel method for establishing the operation working space that could reduce the operative @entity130 .

title: Endoscopic Resection for XXXX Through a Cosmetic Retroauricular Incision with Water Sac Establishing Operative Space: A New Approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['lobe tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign parotid tumor', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ["Frey's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Benign Parotid Tumor']


abstract: Two active isoforms of @entity291 liver phosphorylase with distinct subunit composition have previously been purified (C  mara Artigas, A., Bar  n, C. and Parody-Morreale, A. Prot. Express. Purif. 1994, 5, 157), one showing three @entity214 -PAGE polypeptide bands (molecular mass = 97, 55 and 40 kDa) and the other showing just one (molecular mass = 97 kDa). A molecular mass of 200 kDa has been determined for the native enzymes by gel filtration. @entity535 analyses have been performed in both cases, giving the same results which are similar to those obtained with other phosphorylases. @entity214 -PAGE experiments at different concentrations of the three-band enzyme have suggested a 1:1:1 stoichiometry between the polypeptides. The @entity2707 site is located in the 55 kDa polypeptide and the phosphorylation site in the 40 kDa one. These polypeptides can be generated from the three-band enzyme by tryptic attack in the presence of glycogen without loss of enzyme activity. In the absence of glycogen, 55 kDa and 38 kDa polypeptides are generated, with a significant decrease in activity. We conclude that the three-band enzyme is a dimer composed of an intact monomer and a broken one. The lyotropic salt activation site of the enzyme is near the @entity1472 terminal group.

title: Molecular studies of glycogen phosphorylase b from XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2707 :: ('MESH:D011732', 'Chemical') :: ["pyridoxal-5'-phosphate"]

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Skeletal muscle makes up 40-50% of body mass, and is thus considered to be a good adult stem cell source for autologous therapy. Although, several stem/progenitor cells have been fractionated from @entity19 skeletal muscle showing a high potential for therapeutic use, it is unclear whether this is the case in @entity1 . Differentiation and therapeutic potential of @entity1 skeletal muscle-derived cells (Sk-Cs) was examined. Samples (5-10 g) were obtained from the abdominal and leg muscles of 36 @entity1 (age, 17-79 years) @entity263 treatment or leg amputation surgery. All @entity1 gave informed consent. Sk-Cs were isolated using conditioned collagenase solution, and were then sorted as @entity22416 (-)/ @entity8236 (-)/ @entity27064 (+) (Sk-DN/29(+)) and @entity22416 (+)/ @entity8236 (-) (Sk-34) cells, in a similar manner as for the previous @entity19 Sk-Cs. Both cell fractions were appropriately expanded using conditioned culture medium for about 2 weeks. Differentiation potentials were then examined during cell culture and in vivo transplantation into the severely damaged muscles of athymic @entity19 and @entity35 . Interestingly, these two cell fractions could be divided into highly myogenic (Sk-DN/29(+)) and multipotent stem cell (Sk-34) fractions, in contrast to @entity19 Sk-Cs, which showed comparable capacities in both cells. At 6 weeks after the separate transplantation of both cell fractions, the former showed an active contribution to muscle fiber regeneration, but the latter showed vigorous engraftment to the interstitium associated with differentiation into Schwann cells, perineurial/endoneurial cells, and vascular endothelial cells and pericytes, which corresponded to previous observations with @entity19 SK-Cs. Importantly, mixed cultures of both cells resulted the reduction of tissue reconstitution capacities in vivo, whereas co-transplantation after separate expansion showed favorable results. Therefore, @entity1 Sk-Cs are potentially applicable to therapeutic autografts and show multiple differentiation potential in vivo.

title: Therapeutic isolation and expansion of XXXX skeletal muscle-derived stem cells for the use of muscle-nerve-blood vessel reconstitution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['undergoing prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The preferred cleavage sites in dsDNA and ssDNA for the extracellular @entity5134 endonuclease (commercially available as BENZONASE) were identified by limited digestion of PCR-generated substrates. Two different dsDNA substrates were synthesized by using either radioactively or fluorescent dye labeled primers. ssDNA of identical sequence to one of the fluorescent dye labeled duplex strands was prepared by affinity chromatography. Cleavage experiments carried out under single hit conditions demonstrate that the enzyme shows preferences for GC-rich regions in dsDNA, in particular d(G).d(C)-tracts, and avoids cleavage of d(A).d(T)-tracts. There is a correlation between cleavage at a given position in one strand with cleavage at the same position in the other strand of the duplex. ssDNA cleavage occurs at somewhat different preferred sites than observed in dsDNA. On dsDNA, the Serratia nuclease produces a very different cleavage pattern compared to @entity291 pancreatic @entity71843 , with the notable exception that both enzymes avoid d(A).d(T)-tracts. In general, the Serratia nuclease compared to @entity71843 is a slightly more nonspecific endonuclease that attacks a particular substrate more evenly under standard reaction conditions. At high ionic strength or in the presence of @entity3733 , it becomes more nonspecific. Addition of @entity1133 , however, makes the enzyme more selective than observed under standard conditions. From these results which were confirmed by the results of cleavage experiments with synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, we conclude that the Serratia nuclease like @entity71843 is sensitive to global features of the DNA, for example, the width of the minor groove. In addition, localized sequence-dependent interactions between substrate and nuclease determine whether a site is cleaved preferentially. Some of these interactions seem to be the same for ds- and ssDNA.

title: Sequence preferences in cleavage of dsDNA and ssDNA by the extracellular XXXX endonuclease.

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens']

answer: @entity5134 :: (615,Species) :: ['Serratia marcescens']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Endothelial cell migration is required for physiological angiogenesis, but also contributes to various pathological conditions, including @entity5 vascularization. The mRNA expression of PP1cb, the beta isoform of the catalytic @entity13977 subunit, was shown to be upregulated in chronic @entity519 . Since @entity519 is a major regulator of angiogenesis, the potential role of @entity13977 cb in angiogenesis was investigated. METHODS: We examined PP1cb protein level in pediatric heart following chronic @entity519 and found @entity13977 cb upregulation in cyanotic compared with @entity1562 . By treating HUVEC cells with @entity519 mimicking agent, PP1cb protein level increased with maximum at 8 hours. The effect of @entity13977 cb pharmacological inhibition, knockdown and overexpression, on endothelial cell migration and morphogenesis, was examined using in vitro wound healing scratch assay and endothelial tube formation assay. The @entity13977 cb knockdown effects on F-actin reorganization ( @entity6286 staining), focal adhesion formation (vinculin) and focal adhesion kinases (FAK) activation, were evaluated by immunocytochemical staining and immunoblotting with specific antibodies. RESULTS: @entity13977 cb knockdown significantly reduces endothelial cell migration, but does not have any significant effect on endothelial tube formation. Endothelial cell migration in the knockdown group is restored to the control level upon consecutive transfection with @entity13977 cb cDNA. PP1cb overexpression does not significantly affect endothelial cell migration. Furthermore, @entity13977 cb knockdown induces profound cytoskeletal reorganization, loss of focal adhesion sites and impairment of focal adhesion kinases (FAK) activation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13977 cb is regulator of endothelial cell migration, which is critical in the angiogenic process. @entity13977 cb inhibition reduces endothelial cell migration through focal adhesion turnover and actin polymerization pathways.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Protein Phosphatase 1 Beta is Modulated by Chronic XXXX and Involved in the Angiogenic Endothelial Cell Migration.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['acyanotic myocardium']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Total knee replacement can be a successful operation for @entity158 relief. However, 10-34% of @entity1 experience chronic @entity158 . Our aim was to synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of applying predictive models to guide preventive treatment, and for interventions in the management of @entity1118 after total knee replacement. SETTING: We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials using appropriate search strategies in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to October 2014. No language restrictions were applied. @entity1 : Adult @entity1 receiving total knee replacement. INTERVENTIONS: Predictive models to guide treatment for prevention of @entity1118 . Interventions for management of @entity1118 . PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Reporting of specific outcomes was not an eligibility criterion but we sought outcomes relating to @entity158 severity. RESULTS: No studies evaluated the effectiveness of predictive models in guiding treatment and improving outcomes after total knee replacement. One study evaluated an intervention for the management of @entity1118 . The trial evaluated the use of a botulinum toxin A injection with antinociceptive and anticholinergic activity in 49 @entity1 with chronic @entity158 after knee replacement. A single injection provided meaningful @entity158 relief for about 40   days and the authors acknowledged the need for a large trial with repeated injections. No trials of multidisciplinary interventions or individualised treatments were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review highlights a lack of evidence about the effectiveness of prediction and management strategies for chronic @entity158 after total knee replacement. As a large number of @entity1 are affected by @entity1118 after total knee replacement, development of an evidence base about care for these @entity1 should be a research priority.

title: Interventions for the prediction and management of chronic XXXX after total knee replacement: systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'postsurgical pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['postsurgical pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous cross-sectional studies demonstrated the close relationship between @entity1144 and the increased prevalence of @entity644 . But, little is known about the role of changes in @entity1386 (   @entity1386 ) over several years in the development of @entity644 . In this longitudinal cohort study with the general population, the changes in    @entity1386 as well as baseline @entity1386 on @entity644 development were evaluated. METHODS: Healthy individuals (n = 2393) who participated in two health screening exams were analyzed. Subjects were divided into three groups based on gender-specific tertiles of baseline @entity1386 and    @entity1386 . Each @entity1 was tested for @entity644 using a dipstick, and @entity644 was defined as 1+ or greater. RESULTS: The mean age was 51.9  7.7 years, and the incidence of @entity644 was 3.9% (n = 93). During the 4 years, 52.5% of the subjects experienced a decline in    @entity1386 . However, subjects who developed @entity644 exhibited a significant increase in    @entity1386 . Even after adjustment for age, smoking, systolic and diastolic BP, serum @entity1011 , and hs-CRP levels, the highest tertiles for baseline @entity1386 [ @entity1 , odds ratio (OR) 3.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-9.67; @entity1 , OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.05-4.15] and    @entity1386 ( @entity1 , OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.22-6.99; @entity1 , OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.56-6.39) were independent predictors of @entity644 development. Following adjustment of both parameters, subjects in the highest baseline @entity1386 and    @entity1386 tertiles exhibited the greatest risk of @entity644 development, which suggested the additive harmful effects of the two factors. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline @entity1386 and greater increase in    @entity1386 were both important risk factors for developing @entity644 in the general population. Appropriate education and interventions to prevent accumulation of @entity1386 should be the major focus of preemptive strategies.

title: Four-Year Changes in Visceral Fat Mass and the Risk of Developing XXXX in the General Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['visceral obesity']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['visceral fat mass', 'VFM']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['Proteinuria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: West Africa is currently witnessing the most extensive @entity2598 ( @entity2598 ) outbreak so far recorded. Until now, there have been 27,013 reported cases and 11,134 @entity204 . The origin of the virus is thought to have been a zoonotic transmission from a bat to a twoyear-old @entity1 in December 2013 (ref. 2). From this index case the virus was spread by @entity1 -to- @entity1 contact throughout Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. However, the origin of the particular virus in each country and time of transmission is not known and currently relies on epidemiological analysis, which may be unreliable owing to the difficulties of obtaining @entity1 information. Here we trace the genetic evolution of @entity2598 in the current outbreak that has resulted in multiple lineages. Deep sequencing of 179 @entity1 samples processed by the European Mobile Laboratory, the first diagnostics unit to be deployed to the epicentre of the outbreak in Guinea, reveals an epidemiological and evolutionary history of the epidemic from March 2014 to January 2015. Analysis of @entity2598 genome evolution has also benefited from a similar sequencing effort of @entity1 samples from Sierra Leone. Our results confirm that the @entity2598 from Guinea moved into Sierra Leone, most likely in April or early May. The viruses of the Guinea/Sierra Leone lineage mixed around June/July 2014. Viral sequences covering August, September and October 2014 indicate that this lineage evolved independently within Guinea. These data can be used in conjunction with epidemiological information to test retrospectively the effectiveness of control measures, and provides an unprecedented window into the evolution of an ongoing @entity26495 outbreak.

title: Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 XXXX outbreak in West Africa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity26495 :: ('MESH:D006482', 'Disease') :: ['viral haemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity2598 :: ('MESH:D019142', 'Disease') :: ['Ebola virus', 'EBOV']

answer: @entity2598 :: (MESH:D019142,Disease) :: ['Ebola virus']


abstract: PURPOSE: The belief that irreducible @entity547 are repaired less successfully and with higher morbidity drives @entity1 to seek elective repair. The aims of this study were threefold. First, this study sought  to compare characteristics of @entity1 undergoing irreducible and @entity4037 repair. Second, to compare morbidity rates. Third, to determine which factors, including irreducibility, might be associated with recurrence. METHODS: This observational study was a retrospective review of 252 consecutive @entity4037 @entity1 divided into two cohorts: 101 @entity1 who underwent repair of an @entity4037 , and 152 @entity1 underwent repair of a @entity4037 . The mean follow-up time was approximately 4  years in both groups. RESULTS: @entity1 undergoing repair of irreducible @entity547 had higher median BMI (31 vs. 27  kg/m(2), p  =  0.005), had their @entity547 longer (median 34  months compared to 12  months, p  =  0.043), had more defects on average (mean 1.8 vs. 1.4, p  <  0.001), and were more likely to be symptomatic (83 vs 55  %, p  =  0.002). Interestingly, neither @entity547 size (p  =  0.821), nor the location of @entity547 (p  =  0.261) differed significantly between the two groups. Morbidity rates, including rates of @entity281 , obstruction, and recurrence, did not differ significantly; nor did recurrence-free survival (RFS) distributions. Risk factors for @entity547 recurrence on multivariate analysis included the repaired @entity547 being itself recurrent (HR  =  2.06, 95  % CI  =  1.07-3.99, p  =  0.031), the occurrence of post-operative @entity281 (HR  =  5.10, 95  % CI  =  2.18-11.91, p  <  0.001), and the occurrence of post-operative @entity1321 (HR  =  5.18, 95  % CI  =  1.82-14.75, p  =  0.002). Irreducibility was not a significant predictor of recurrence (p  =  0.152). CONCLUSION: Despite differing profiles, @entity1 with these two types of @entity547 did not have statistically significant differences in morbidity. Recurrence was not observed to be associated with irreducibility but was found to be associated with other @entity532 .

title: @entity1 profiles and outcomes following repair of irreducible and reducible XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['reducible ventral hernia', 'irreducible ventral hernia', 'ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['Ventral Wall Hernias']


abstract: PURPOSE: The belief that irreducible @entity547 are repaired less successfully and with higher morbidity drives @entity1 to seek elective repair. The aims of this study were threefold. First, this study sought  to compare characteristics of @entity1 undergoing irreducible and @entity4037 repair. Second, to compare morbidity rates. Third, to determine which factors, including irreducibility, might be associated with recurrence. METHODS: This observational study was a retrospective review of 252 consecutive @entity4037 @entity1 divided into two cohorts: 101 @entity1 who underwent repair of an @entity4037 , and 152 @entity1 underwent repair of a @entity4037 . The mean follow-up time was approximately 4  years in both groups. RESULTS: @entity1 undergoing repair of irreducible @entity547 had higher median BMI (31 vs. 27  kg/m(2), p  =  0.005), had their @entity547 longer (median 34  months compared to 12  months, p  =  0.043), had more defects on average (mean 1.8 vs. 1.4, p  <  0.001), and were more likely to be symptomatic (83 vs 55  %, p  =  0.002). Interestingly, neither @entity547 size (p  =  0.821), nor the location of @entity547 (p  =  0.261) differed significantly between the two groups. Morbidity rates, including rates of @entity281 , obstruction, and recurrence, did not differ significantly; nor did recurrence-free survival (RFS) distributions. Risk factors for @entity547 recurrence on multivariate analysis included the repaired @entity547 being itself recurrent (HR  =  2.06, 95  % CI  =  1.07-3.99, p  =  0.031), the occurrence of post-operative @entity281 (HR  =  5.10, 95  % CI  =  2.18-11.91, p  <  0.001), and the occurrence of post-operative @entity1321 (HR  =  5.18, 95  % CI  =  1.82-14.75, p  =  0.002). Irreducibility was not a significant predictor of recurrence (p  =  0.152). CONCLUSION: Despite differing profiles, @entity1 with these two types of @entity547 did not have statistically significant differences in morbidity. Recurrence was not observed to be associated with irreducibility but was found to be associated with other @entity532 .

title: XXXX profiles and outcomes following repair of irreducible and reducible @entity4037 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Set-shifting inefficiencies have been consistently identified in adults with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ). It is less clear to what degree similar inefficiencies are present in those with @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ). It is also unknown whether perfectionism is related to set-shifting performance. We employed a commonly used set-shifting measure, the @entity2205 Making Test (TMT), to compare the performance of inpatients with @entity1278 and @entity1279 with a healthy control sample. We also investigated whether perfectionism predicted TMT scores. Only the @entity1279 sample showed significantly suboptimal performance, while the @entity1278 sample was indistinguishable from controls on all measures. There were no differences between the @entity1278 subtypes (restrictive or binge/purge), but group sizes were small. Higher personal standards perfectionism was associated with better TMT scores across groups. Higher concern over mistakes perfectionism predicted better accuracy in the @entity1279 sample. Further research into the set-shifting profile of individuals with @entity1279 or binge/purge behaviours is needed. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

title: XXXX Making Task Performance in Inpatients with @entity1278 .

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

answer: @entity2205 :: (8743,Gene) :: ['Trail']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Set-shifting inefficiencies have been consistently identified in adults with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ). It is less clear to what degree similar inefficiencies are present in those with @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ). It is also unknown whether perfectionism is related to set-shifting performance. We employed a commonly used set-shifting measure, the @entity2205 Making Test (TMT), to compare the performance of inpatients with @entity1278 and @entity1279 with a healthy control sample. We also investigated whether perfectionism predicted TMT scores. Only the @entity1279 sample showed significantly suboptimal performance, while the @entity1278 sample was indistinguishable from controls on all measures. There were no differences between the @entity1278 subtypes (restrictive or binge/purge), but group sizes were small. Higher personal standards perfectionism was associated with better TMT scores across groups. Higher concern over mistakes perfectionism predicted better accuracy in the @entity1279 sample. Further research into the set-shifting profile of individuals with @entity1279 or binge/purge behaviours is needed. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

title: @entity2205 Making Task Performance in Inpatients with XXXX .

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test, in a single-arm, prospective, phase 2 trial, whether adding the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) @entity4149 kinase inhibitor @entity3866 to concurrent chemoradiotherapy for previously untreated, locally advanced, inoperable @entity1149 would improve survival and disease control without increasing @entity137 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-eight @entity1 with previously untreated @entity1149 received intensity modulated radiation therapy (63  Gy/35 fractions) on Monday through Friday, with chemotherapy ( @entity1311 45  mg/m  , @entity3003 area under the curve [AUC] = 2) on Mondays, for 7  weeks. All @entity1 also received the @entity470 @entity4149 kinase inhibitor @entity3866 (150  mg orally 1/d) on Tuesday-Sunday for 7  weeks, followed by consolidation @entity1311 - @entity3003 . The primary endpoint was time to progression; secondary endpoints were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity137 , response, and disease control and whether any endpoint differed by @entity470 mutation status. RESULTS: Of 46 @entity1 evaluable for response, 40 were former or never-smokers, and 41 were evaluable for @entity470 mutations (37 wild-type [WT] and 4 mutated [all @entity420 ]). Median time to progression was 14.0  months and did not differ by @entity470 status. @entity137 was acceptable (no grade 5, 1 grade 4, 11 grade 3). Twelve @entity1 (26%) had complete responses (10 WT, 2 mutated), 27 (59%) partial (21 WT, 2 mutated, 4 unknown), and 7 (15%) none (6 WT, 2 mutated, 1 unknown) (P=.610). At 37.0  months' follow-up (range, 3.6-76.5  months) for all @entity1 , median @entity1349 time was 36.5  months, and 1-, 2-, and 5-year @entity1349 rates were 82.6%, 67.4%, and 35.9%, respectively; none differed by mutation status. Twelve @entity1 had no progression, and 34 had local and/or distant failure. Eleven of 27 distant failures were in the brain (7 WT, 3 mutated, 1 unknown). CONCLUSIONS: @entity137 and @entity1349 were promising, but time to progression did not meet expectations. The prevalence of distant failures underscores the need for effective systemic therapy.

title: Adding @entity3866 to Chemoradiation Improves Overall Survival but Not Progression-Free Survival in Stage III XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'non-small cell lung  cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test, in a single-arm, prospective, phase 2 trial, whether adding the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) @entity4149 kinase inhibitor @entity3866 to concurrent chemoradiotherapy for previously untreated, locally advanced, inoperable @entity1149 would improve survival and disease control without increasing @entity137 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-eight @entity1 with previously untreated @entity1149 received intensity modulated radiation therapy (63  Gy/35 fractions) on Monday through Friday, with chemotherapy ( @entity1311 45  mg/m  , @entity3003 area under the curve [AUC] = 2) on Mondays, for 7  weeks. All @entity1 also received the @entity470 @entity4149 kinase inhibitor @entity3866 (150  mg orally 1/d) on Tuesday-Sunday for 7  weeks, followed by consolidation @entity1311 - @entity3003 . The primary endpoint was time to progression; secondary endpoints were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity137 , response, and disease control and whether any endpoint differed by @entity470 mutation status. RESULTS: Of 46 @entity1 evaluable for response, 40 were former or never-smokers, and 41 were evaluable for @entity470 mutations (37 wild-type [WT] and 4 mutated [all @entity420 ]). Median time to progression was 14.0  months and did not differ by @entity470 status. @entity137 was acceptable (no grade 5, 1 grade 4, 11 grade 3). Twelve @entity1 (26%) had complete responses (10 WT, 2 mutated), 27 (59%) partial (21 WT, 2 mutated, 4 unknown), and 7 (15%) none (6 WT, 2 mutated, 1 unknown) (P=.610). At 37.0  months' follow-up (range, 3.6-76.5  months) for all @entity1 , median @entity1349 time was 36.5  months, and 1-, 2-, and 5-year @entity1349 rates were 82.6%, 67.4%, and 35.9%, respectively; none differed by mutation status. Twelve @entity1 had no progression, and 34 had local and/or distant failure. Eleven of 27 distant failures were in the brain (7 WT, 3 mutated, 1 unknown). CONCLUSIONS: @entity137 and @entity1349 were promising, but time to progression did not meet expectations. The prevalence of distant failures underscores the need for effective systemic therapy.

title: Adding XXXX to Chemoradiation Improves Overall Survival but Not Progression-Free Survival in Stage III @entity1149 .

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['Erlotinib']


abstract: In a recent study from our group, the combination of @entity1499 and @entity3378 ( @entity1500 + @entity19743 ) seemed superior to @entity1500 alone in the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). To assess the impact of these therapies on the cytokine cascade, the in vitro production and circulating concentrations of several cytokines and endogenous cytokine antagonists were measured in 30 healthy controls and longitudinally in a subset of 26 @entity1 enrolled in this study. Compared to controls, @entity309 @entity1 had significantly higher circulating concentrations of @entity650 ( @entity650 ), soluble receptors for @entity5 necrosis factor (sTNFR), soluble receptors for @entity1199 (sIL-2R) and @entity10496 ( @entity10496 ), and their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) showed a higher spontaneous production of @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity10496 (both secreted and cell-associated) and a higher stimulated production of cell-associated @entity310 , @entity10496 and (to a lesser extent) @entity1356 . Treatment with @entity1500 alone (n = 12) or combined with @entity19743 (n = 14), resulted in significant reductions of circulating @entity650 and sIL-2R but did not alter @entity1356 , @entity310 or @entity10496 concentrations. Decreases in circulating levels of sTNFR and in the in vitro production of cell-associated @entity1356 and @entity10496 after stimulation were only observed in @entity1 treated with @entity1500 + @entity19743 . The concentrations of @entity10496 and sTNFR in the circulation exceeded moderately those of @entity1356 and @entity310 but this is probably insufficient to block @entity1356 and @entity310 activity. In conclusion, therapy with @entity1500 alone or with @entity19743 modulates @entity650 and sIL-2R concentrations in @entity309 . Decreased production of @entity1356 and @entity10496 and circulating sTNFR levels were only observed during therapy with @entity1500 + @entity19743 . Whether this relates to the better clinical effect observed with the combination therapy remains to be investigated. Circulating levels of @entity650 , sIL-2R and sTNFR seem useful markers of disease activity in @entity309 .

title: Effect of XXXX alone or in combination with @entity3378 on the production and circulating concentrations of cytokines and their antagonists. Longitudinal evaluation in @entity1 with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity10496 :: ('3554', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 receptor antagonists', 'IL-1RA']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphasalazine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: In a recent study from our group, the combination of @entity1499 and @entity3378 ( @entity1500 + @entity19743 ) seemed superior to @entity1500 alone in the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). To assess the impact of these therapies on the cytokine cascade, the in vitro production and circulating concentrations of several cytokines and endogenous cytokine antagonists were measured in 30 healthy controls and longitudinally in a subset of 26 @entity1 enrolled in this study. Compared to controls, @entity309 @entity1 had significantly higher circulating concentrations of @entity650 ( @entity650 ), soluble receptors for @entity5 necrosis factor (sTNFR), soluble receptors for @entity1199 (sIL-2R) and @entity10496 ( @entity10496 ), and their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) showed a higher spontaneous production of @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity10496 (both secreted and cell-associated) and a higher stimulated production of cell-associated @entity310 , @entity10496 and (to a lesser extent) @entity1356 . Treatment with @entity1500 alone (n = 12) or combined with @entity19743 (n = 14), resulted in significant reductions of circulating @entity650 and sIL-2R but did not alter @entity1356 , @entity310 or @entity10496 concentrations. Decreases in circulating levels of sTNFR and in the in vitro production of cell-associated @entity1356 and @entity10496 after stimulation were only observed in @entity1 treated with @entity1500 + @entity19743 . The concentrations of @entity10496 and sTNFR in the circulation exceeded moderately those of @entity1356 and @entity310 but this is probably insufficient to block @entity1356 and @entity310 activity. In conclusion, therapy with @entity1500 alone or with @entity19743 modulates @entity650 and sIL-2R concentrations in @entity309 . Decreased production of @entity1356 and @entity10496 and circulating sTNFR levels were only observed during therapy with @entity1500 + @entity19743 . Whether this relates to the better clinical effect observed with the combination therapy remains to be investigated. Circulating levels of @entity650 , sIL-2R and sTNFR seem useful markers of disease activity in @entity309 .

title: Effect of @entity1499 alone or in combination with @entity3378 on the production and circulating concentrations of cytokines and their antagonists. Longitudinal evaluation in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: In a recent study from our group, the combination of @entity1499 and @entity3378 ( @entity1500 + @entity19743 ) seemed superior to @entity1500 alone in the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). To assess the impact of these therapies on the cytokine cascade, the in vitro production and circulating concentrations of several cytokines and endogenous cytokine antagonists were measured in 30 healthy controls and longitudinally in a subset of 26 @entity1 enrolled in this study. Compared to controls, @entity309 @entity1 had significantly higher circulating concentrations of @entity650 ( @entity650 ), soluble receptors for @entity5 necrosis factor (sTNFR), soluble receptors for @entity1199 (sIL-2R) and @entity10496 ( @entity10496 ), and their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) showed a higher spontaneous production of @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity10496 (both secreted and cell-associated) and a higher stimulated production of cell-associated @entity310 , @entity10496 and (to a lesser extent) @entity1356 . Treatment with @entity1500 alone (n = 12) or combined with @entity19743 (n = 14), resulted in significant reductions of circulating @entity650 and sIL-2R but did not alter @entity1356 , @entity310 or @entity10496 concentrations. Decreases in circulating levels of sTNFR and in the in vitro production of cell-associated @entity1356 and @entity10496 after stimulation were only observed in @entity1 treated with @entity1500 + @entity19743 . The concentrations of @entity10496 and sTNFR in the circulation exceeded moderately those of @entity1356 and @entity310 but this is probably insufficient to block @entity1356 and @entity310 activity. In conclusion, therapy with @entity1500 alone or with @entity19743 modulates @entity650 and sIL-2R concentrations in @entity309 . Decreased production of @entity1356 and @entity10496 and circulating sTNFR levels were only observed during therapy with @entity1500 + @entity19743 . Whether this relates to the better clinical effect observed with the combination therapy remains to be investigated. Circulating levels of @entity650 , sIL-2R and sTNFR seem useful markers of disease activity in @entity309 .

title: Effect of @entity1499 alone or in combination with XXXX on the production and circulating concentrations of cytokines and their antagonists. Longitudinal evaluation in @entity1 with @entity309 .

answer: @entity3378 :: (MESH:D012460,Chemical) :: ['sulphasalazine']


abstract: In a recent study from our group, the combination of @entity1499 and @entity3378 ( @entity1500 + @entity19743 ) seemed superior to @entity1500 alone in the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). To assess the impact of these therapies on the cytokine cascade, the in vitro production and circulating concentrations of several cytokines and endogenous cytokine antagonists were measured in 30 healthy controls and longitudinally in a subset of 26 @entity1 enrolled in this study. Compared to controls, @entity309 @entity1 had significantly higher circulating concentrations of @entity650 ( @entity650 ), soluble receptors for @entity5 necrosis factor (sTNFR), soluble receptors for @entity1199 (sIL-2R) and @entity10496 ( @entity10496 ), and their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) showed a higher spontaneous production of @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity10496 (both secreted and cell-associated) and a higher stimulated production of cell-associated @entity310 , @entity10496 and (to a lesser extent) @entity1356 . Treatment with @entity1500 alone (n = 12) or combined with @entity19743 (n = 14), resulted in significant reductions of circulating @entity650 and sIL-2R but did not alter @entity1356 , @entity310 or @entity10496 concentrations. Decreases in circulating levels of sTNFR and in the in vitro production of cell-associated @entity1356 and @entity10496 after stimulation were only observed in @entity1 treated with @entity1500 + @entity19743 . The concentrations of @entity10496 and sTNFR in the circulation exceeded moderately those of @entity1356 and @entity310 but this is probably insufficient to block @entity1356 and @entity310 activity. In conclusion, therapy with @entity1500 alone or with @entity19743 modulates @entity650 and sIL-2R concentrations in @entity309 . Decreased production of @entity1356 and @entity10496 and circulating sTNFR levels were only observed during therapy with @entity1500 + @entity19743 . Whether this relates to the better clinical effect observed with the combination therapy remains to be investigated. Circulating levels of @entity650 , sIL-2R and sTNFR seem useful markers of disease activity in @entity309 .

title: Effect of @entity1499 alone or in combination with @entity3378 on the production and circulating concentrations of cytokines and their antagonists. Longitudinal evaluation in XXXX with @entity309 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to investigate the mortality patterns in a group of 3790 coal miners. The study population had abnormal chest x ray films at a routine medical examination that was performed in the 1950s. METHODS: The total group of 3790 coal miners were followed up for mortality up to 1 January 1992. Causes of @entity204 , determined and coded at time of @entity204 , were traced with help from the Central Bureau of Statistics. RESULTS: Total mortality in this group of coal miners with abnormal chest x ray films was significantly higher than expected ( @entity5047 127.1, 95% CI 122.5-131.6), mainly a reflection of the increase in mortality from non-malignant @entity1576 ( @entity5047 411.0, 95% CI 382.3-441.3). Mortality from @entity356 was also significantly increased ( @entity5047 147.5, 95% CI 122.3-176.3). This risk of mortality from @entity356 was confined to workers with no @entity3673 or only a mild form. Despite the strong relation to duration of employment and @entity3673 the group of workers with more severe manifestations of @entity3673 did not experience an excess in mortality from @entity356 . CONCLUSION: This study confirms the earlier reported risk of @entity356 in coal miners. Also it confirms the hypothesis that this risk of @entity356 is limited to workers with a mild degree of @entity3673 or none. In workers with severe forms of @entity3673 the @entity358 is impaired in such a way that the inhaled coal dust does not reach the digestive tract.

title: Risk of @entity356 in pneumoconiotic coal miners and the effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary clearance system']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory impairment']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to investigate the mortality patterns in a group of 3790 coal miners. The study population had abnormal chest x ray films at a routine medical examination that was performed in the 1950s. METHODS: The total group of 3790 coal miners were followed up for mortality up to 1 January 1992. Causes of @entity204 , determined and coded at time of @entity204 , were traced with help from the Central Bureau of Statistics. RESULTS: Total mortality in this group of coal miners with abnormal chest x ray films was significantly higher than expected ( @entity5047 127.1, 95% CI 122.5-131.6), mainly a reflection of the increase in mortality from non-malignant @entity1576 ( @entity5047 411.0, 95% CI 382.3-441.3). Mortality from @entity356 was also significantly increased ( @entity5047 147.5, 95% CI 122.3-176.3). This risk of mortality from @entity356 was confined to workers with no @entity3673 or only a mild form. Despite the strong relation to duration of employment and @entity3673 the group of workers with more severe manifestations of @entity3673 did not experience an excess in mortality from @entity356 . CONCLUSION: This study confirms the earlier reported risk of @entity356 in coal miners. Also it confirms the hypothesis that this risk of @entity356 is limited to workers with a mild degree of @entity3673 or none. In workers with severe forms of @entity3673 the @entity358 is impaired in such a way that the inhaled coal dust does not reach the digestive tract.

title: Risk of XXXX in pneumoconiotic coal miners and the effect of @entity1576 .

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the current prevalence of @entity7493 compared with that reported from the same institution in 1976. DESIGN: All inpatients of this tertiary-care facility were assessed by anthropometric, laboratory, and clinical nutrition assessment methods in a 1-day cross-sectional survey. The comparison study from 1976 was also a 1-day cross-sectional survey. SETTING: A tertiary-care facility in Boston, Mass. @entity1 : The entire inpatient population was assessed on a single weekday in September 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of acute and chronic @entity3147 as judged by anthropometric and laboratory data. Data on demographics, admission classification, underlying disease, route of nutrition, and global nutritional status were also assessed. RESULTS: The prevalence of acute @entity7493 (weight for height) based on the Waterlow criteria was as follows: severe, 1.3%; moderate, 5.8%; mild, 17.4%; and none, 75.5%. The prevalence of chronic @entity7493 (height for age) was as follows: severe, 5.1%; moderate, 7.7%; mild, 14.5%; and none, 72.8%. Although the prevalence of acute and chronic @entity7493 was significantly less in 1992 than in 1976 (P = .03 and P < .001, respectively), the numbers are still alarmingly high. @entity1 younger than 2 years and older than 18 years and those with chronic medical conditions had a higher prevalence of @entity7493 . Twenty-four percent of @entity1 had a serum @entity2313 level less than 30 g/L, 34.8% had a total lymphocyte count less than 1.5 x 10(9)/L, and 24.9% had a hemoglobin concentration less than 105 g/L. One fourth of all @entity1 were @entity28 (> 120% weight for height), with the greatest prevalence in @entity1 aged 2 to 18 years. CONCLUSIONS: Acute and chronic @entity7493 remains common in hospitalized pediatric @entity1 in the United States. Important risk factors may be underlying @entity102 , periods of normally rapid growth, and recognized need for nutrition intervention.

title: XXXX in hospitalized pediatric @entity1 . Current prevalence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-energy malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['Malnutrition']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the current prevalence of @entity7493 compared with that reported from the same institution in 1976. DESIGN: All inpatients of this tertiary-care facility were assessed by anthropometric, laboratory, and clinical nutrition assessment methods in a 1-day cross-sectional survey. The comparison study from 1976 was also a 1-day cross-sectional survey. SETTING: A tertiary-care facility in Boston, Mass. @entity1 : The entire inpatient population was assessed on a single weekday in September 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of acute and chronic @entity3147 as judged by anthropometric and laboratory data. Data on demographics, admission classification, underlying disease, route of nutrition, and global nutritional status were also assessed. RESULTS: The prevalence of acute @entity7493 (weight for height) based on the Waterlow criteria was as follows: severe, 1.3%; moderate, 5.8%; mild, 17.4%; and none, 75.5%. The prevalence of chronic @entity7493 (height for age) was as follows: severe, 5.1%; moderate, 7.7%; mild, 14.5%; and none, 72.8%. Although the prevalence of acute and chronic @entity7493 was significantly less in 1992 than in 1976 (P = .03 and P < .001, respectively), the numbers are still alarmingly high. @entity1 younger than 2 years and older than 18 years and those with chronic medical conditions had a higher prevalence of @entity7493 . Twenty-four percent of @entity1 had a serum @entity2313 level less than 30 g/L, 34.8% had a total lymphocyte count less than 1.5 x 10(9)/L, and 24.9% had a hemoglobin concentration less than 105 g/L. One fourth of all @entity1 were @entity28 (> 120% weight for height), with the greatest prevalence in @entity1 aged 2 to 18 years. CONCLUSIONS: Acute and chronic @entity7493 remains common in hospitalized pediatric @entity1 in the United States. Important risk factors may be underlying @entity102 , periods of normally rapid growth, and recognized need for nutrition intervention.

title: @entity3147 in hospitalized pediatric XXXX . Current prevalence.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the presentation of @entity1 with @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ) and identify factors contributing toward misdiagnosis. METHODS: This was an observational study of cases with a final diagnosis of @entity1755 assessed at nine Emergency Departments and managed at one of two regional vascular centres in the UK. RESULTS: Eighty-five consecutive cases were included. Seventeen [20.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.5-28.5%] @entity1 reported important symptoms up to 3 weeks before index presentation. In the Emergency Department, most @entity1 @entity615 , seven (8.2%, 95% CI 2.4-14.0%) additionally reported atypical @entity158 and ten (11.8%, 95% CI 4.9-18.7%) denied @entity158 altogether. @entity551 (36.5%, 95% CI 26.3-46.7%), @entity591 (18.8%, 95% CI 10.5-27.1%) and @entity1163 (36.5%, 95% CI 26.3-46.7%) were documented in a minority of cases. Distracting symptoms were present in 33 (38.8%, 95% CI 28.4-49.2%) @entity1 . The median time to diagnosis was 17.5   min (range immediate-12 days), and 21 (25.6%, 95% CI 16.3-34.9%) @entity1 were misdiagnosed during clinical assessment. CONCLUSION: The classical signs and symptoms or @entity1755 are not always present and @entity1 frequently show additional features that may confound the diagnosis. A high level of suspicion should be adopted for @entity1755 alongside a low threshold for immediate computed tomography. Further research is required to develop an objective clinical risk score or predictive tool for characterizing @entity1 at risk.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX : a multicentre cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'rAAA']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['complained of abdominal and/or back pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the effect of @entity221 ( @entity221 ) on central conduction pathways by alterations in pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) in normal and demyelinated optic nerves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied PVEP peak latency and amplitudes in 10 normal subjects and six @entity1 with demyelinating @entity1781 before and during @entity221 . RESULTS: In normal subjects, a mean rise in temperature of 2.5 degrees C resulted in a decrease in the second positive peak (P2) latency of 6.1 ms (p < 0.0001) and a slight decline in P2 amplitude of 1.16 muV (p < 0.009). These results were compared to those obtained from six @entity1 with @entity15 . These @entity1 had a history of monocular @entity7995 ; two @entity1 had had bilateral @entity7995 , and one @entity1 had not had involvement of the optic nerve. Average temperature elevations during PVEPs were 1.60 degrees C. PVEPs among these @entity1 showed decrease in mean P2 latencies, except in @entity1 with @entity15 , who showed an increase in latency with 60 min check size in the left eyes. There was a consistent decline in P2 amplitudes. Loss of amplitude was greater among the six optic nerves of those @entity1 having transient, mild losses in visual acuity during @entity221 . Reductions in P2 amplitude were best explained by partial or complete conduction block. CONCLUSIONS: These changes in conduction time and amplitude during @entity221 provide a neurophysiologic correlation to the well-known sensitivity of demyelinated optic nerves to elevated temperatures. They are also relevant to the monitoring of central pathways in the operative or intensive care setting. The demonstrated reversible @entity393 also gives promise to therapeutic manipulation of impaired pathways by impeding the loss of current from denuded nerve fibers.

title: Visual evoked potentials during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of amplitudes']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'HT']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine @entity5 control, via volume changes, and the complications of linear accelerator (LINAC)-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment of @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) on medium-term follow-up. METHODS: Between September 2003 and November 2009 fifty consecutive @entity1 with @entity5513 treated with SRS using a marginal dose of 12.5 Gy utilizing a LINAC equipped with a micro-multileaf collimator were identified. Evaluation included serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neurological and hearing examinations. RESULTS: The median @entity5 volume at treatment was 2.4 (range: 0.24-10.59) cm(3). The intracranial diameter of the @entity5 ranged between 7.7 and 28.7 (median: 15.8) mm. Follow-up MRI was available for analysis on 49 @entity1 . The median radiological follow-up period was 5.8 (range: 1.4-9.2) years. The median @entity5 volume at last follow-up was 1.1 (range: 0.03-5.3) cm(3). VS decreased in size in 45 (90%) @entity1 , with a median reduction in @entity5 volume of 1.46 (range: 0.06-9.29) cm(3) or a median @entity5 size reduction of 59% of the baseline (range: 6-90%) in these @entity1 . VS remained stable in 2 @entity1 and increased in size in 2 @entity1 . Only 1 @entity1 (2%) required additional intervention (surgery). 15 @entity1 had useful hearing pre-treatment; 10 post-treatment pure-tone audiograms of these @entity1 were available. 5 (50%) @entity1 still had useful hearing post treatment. Non-auditory adverse radiation effects included new (House-Brackmann grade II) or worsened @entity2103 (House-Brackmann grade II to grade V) in 2 (4%) @entity1 and trigeminal sensory disturbance in 2 (4%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: At medium term, the vast majority of @entity5513 treated with LINAC-based SRS exhibit @entity5 shrinkage. The slightly higher rate of @entity2103 compared with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) results may be related to the learning curve. Other complications were similar to reported GKS results for @entity5513 of comparable sizes.

title: Linear accelerator radiosurgery for XXXX : Results of medium-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VSs', 'vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of coronary angioplasty on @entity3361 remains unknown. We examined the effects of balloon angioplasty, using an oversized balloon, on coronary hypercontraction and eventual @entity256 in a @entity1707 model of @entity3361 . METHODS: We performed balloon angioplasty, using an oversized balloon at the site of @entity3361 superimposed on @entity731 with 6 (group A, n = 14) or 1 (group B, n = 14) atmospheres of inflation pressure in miniature @entity1707 . Using coronary angiography we assessed the coronary basal diameter and diameter change in response to @entity112 and @entity750 before, immediately after, and 4 weeks after angioplasty. Histological examinations were performed immediately after and 4 weeks after the angioplasty. RESULTS: Before angioplasty, @entity112 - and @entity750 -induced hypercontraction was reproducibly noted at the @entity731 site. Immediately after angioplasty, the coronary diameter became larger (P < 0.01) than before angioplasty in group A, but there was no significant difference in group B. The hypercontraction in group A was abolished immediately after and 4 weeks after angioplasty, whereas the hypercontraction in group B was unchanged. Histological examination revealed medial @entity39 immediately after and medial fibrosis 4 weeks after angioplasty, which were more prominent in group A. Four weeks after angioplasty, the magnitude of @entity256 was greater in group A than in group B. CONCLUSIONS: Angioplasty using an oversized balloon with the higher atmosphere of inflation pressure abolished coronary hypercontraction immediately after and 4 weeks after angioplasty, which probably resulted from the irreversible damage to medial smooth muscles; however, this did not prevent @entity256 .

title: Vasoreactivity and XXXX after coronary angioplasty in the @entity731 @entity1707 model.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary spasm']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']