abstract: The aim was to identify factors associated with physical activity participation among active (i.e. more than or equal to 10,000 steps per day) individuals with @entity717 . Staff at day program and supported employment organizations were asked to identify individuals they believed were physically active. To verify @entity1 were active, 7-day pedometer data were collected. Using these data, 13 @entity1 met the inclusion criterion of 10,000 steps per day from 37 individuals identified by staff. @entity1 (n=13) ranged in age from 18 to 46 years (mean=34, SD= 8) and seven were male. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted to explore the environmental and social supports for these high levels of physical activity. Three major themes were identified from content and thematic analyses. Key individuals and organizations were important in fostering initial interests and the development of skills. Coaches, staff and parents were important in 'showing them how.' For example, how to vacuum or stack produce, how to bowl, how to use weight training equipment or helping to plan a safe walking route. Motivation for @entity1613 was associated with friendship and social connection. Practical support was needed for continued participation. In particular, transportation and affordable activities were very important. Fostering practical skills, supporting the social aspects of physical activity and keeping activities low cost are important enabling and reinforcing factors for physical activity among active @entity1 with @entity717 .

title: Factors associated with high levels of physical activity among adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial and ongoing participation']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: International comparisons of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are important to better understand the relationship between programmes' performance and screening practices. In this respect, differences in (i) definition, (ii) identification and (iii) quantification of @entity5 have received little attention. To examine these 3 comparability issues and activities involving @entity5 , an assessment was conducted among member countries of the International Breast Cancer Screening Network, and the impact of accuracy of identification and quantification practices was estimated using 1996-98 data from the Dutch @entity0 screening programme. Information was obtained from 19 screening programmes in 18 countries, 16 of which acknowledged the coexistence of opportunistic screening. @entity5 data were collected to evaluate performance of the screening programme (100% of programmes) and the radiologists (89%); 53% of programmes had a designated review process for @entity5 . Most programmes (84%) agreed with the European Guidelines definition of @entity5 , but a case situation exercise evidenced substantial discrepancy in classification of @entity5 that occurred after a positive screen. Completeness of identification of @entity5 appears to contribute most to international variation, and cannot be easily controlled for in methodologically rigorous comparisons. Statistically significant differences of about 4% were measured between quantification methods for @entity5 . An operational definition of @entity5 is proposed to enhance international comparability. Valid comparisons of @entity5 are possible with careful attention to the definition but true differences in @entity5 frequency across screening programmes should exceed 10% to be possibly indicative of real differences between programmes.

title: Methodological issues in international comparison of interval XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['interval cancers', 'IC', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: The objective of this study was to test the methods for a large study of the incidence and prognosis of @entity191 and other @entity4652 and provide provisional incidence figures. This was a community-based prospective study to identify @entity1 with newly diagnosed non-drug-induced @entity304 (>or=2 of @entity400 , @entity2003 , @entity2845 , postural instability) from a population of 148,600 @entity1 in Aberdeen, Scotland, over 18 months. Multiple search strategies were used to identify @entity1 , including some population screening. Incident @entity1 and age/sex-matched controls had assessments of impairment, disability, quality of life, mood, and cognition and are being followed up yearly. Two hundred and two @entity1 with possible @entity191 symptoms were assessed, and 82 incident @entity1 were identified, 50 with probable @entity191 . The crude incidences of probable @entity304 and probable @entity191 were 31.4/100,000/year (95% CI: 24.5-39.7) and 22.4/100,000/year (95% CI: 16.6-29.6), respectively. The mean age of diagnosis of @entity191 was 76.1 +/- 10.0 years and the incidence was greater in @entity1 . The methods were generally successful. Provisionally, we found a higher incidence of @entity191 than other comparable studies, and our @entity1 were considerably older. This may reflect better case ascertainment in the elderly. A larger study is planned.

title: Pilot study of the incidence and prognosis of XXXX in Aberdeen, United Kingdom: methods and preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity4652 :: ('MESH:D020734', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative parkinsonian disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

answer: @entity4652 :: (MESH:D020734,Disease) :: ['degenerative Parkinsonian disorders']


abstract: Traditionally, the calyx of Held synapse is viewed as a highly reliable relay in the sound localization circuit of the auditory brainstem, with every presynaptic action potential triggering a postsynaptic action potential in vivo. However, this view is at odds with slice recordings that report large @entity308 ( @entity308 ). To investigate the reliability and precision of this synapse, we compared slice and in vivo recordings from medial nucleus of the trapezoid body neurons of young adult @entity19 . We show that the extracellularly recorded complex waveform can be used to estimate both presynaptic release and postsynaptic excitability. Whereas under standard slice conditions the synapse underwent large @entity308 , both extracellular and whole-cell recordings indicated that in vivo the size of the EPSPs was independent of recent history. The estimated quantal content was typically <20 in vivo, much lower than in the resting synapse under standard slice conditions. However, due to the large quantal size and summation of EPSPs, the safety factor of this synapse was generally still sufficiently large and postsynaptic failures were observed only infrequently in vivo. When present, failures were typically due to stochastic fluctuations in EPSP size or postsynaptic spike @entity308 . In vivo, the calyx of Held synapse thus functions as a tonic synapse. The price it pays for its low release probability is an increase in jitter and synaptic latency and occasional postsynaptic failures.

title: Reliability and precision of the XXXX calyx of Held synapse.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['short-term depression', 'depression', 'STD']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The methylotrophic @entity375 @entity10056 has been used for the expression of many proteins, including antibody fragments. However, limitations became obvious especially when secreting heterodimeric Fab fragments. Up-to-date, antibody fragments have only been expressed under control of the strong inducible @entity167 oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter, which may stress the cells by excessive transcription. Here, we examined the secretion characteristics of single chain and Fab fragments of two different monoclonal anti-HIV1 antibodies (2F5 and 2G12) with both the AOX1 and the @entity16335 dehydrogenase (GAP) promoter. Also, the influences of different secretion leaders and strains were evaluated. Interestingly, secretion was only achieved when using the GAP promoter and the @entity375 mating factor alpha (MFalpha leader), whereas there was no difference between the two @entity10056 strains. During fed batch fermentation of a 2F5 Fab expressing strain, intracellular retention of Fab heavy chains was observed, while both intact Fab and single light chain molecules were only detected in the supernatants. This led to the conclusion that protein folding and heterodimer assembly in the ER are rate limiting steps in Fab secretion. To alleviate this limitation, @entity375 protein @entity1520 isomerase (PDI) and the unfolded protein response (UPR) transcription factor @entity69055 were constitutively overexpressed in @entity10056 . While the overexpression of @entity69055 led to a moderate increase of Fab secretion of 1.3-fold, PDI enabled an increase of the Fab level by 1.9-fold. Hence, the formation of interchain @entity1520 bonds can be seen as a major rate limiting factor to Fab assembly and subsequent secretion.

title: Engineering of XXXX for improved production of antibody fragments.

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris', 'P. pastoris']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity16335 :: ('MESH:D005986', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate']

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['Pichia pastoris']


abstract: Cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy is widely used in the clinic as a treatment for @entity5 . The treatment itself, however, leads to long-term depletion of the adaptive immune system, which is more pronounced in older @entity1 , predominantly due to thymic @entity194 . We and others have previously shown that withdrawal of sex @entity230 is able to regenerate the aged thymus and enhance recovery from autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. In this study we have examined the effects of sex @entity134 ablation (SSA) on the recovery of lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) and thymus following treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent @entity786 (Cy) in middle-aged and old @entity19 . Furthermore, we have also examined the impact of this regeneration on peripheral immunity. SSA enhanced the recovery of BM resident hematopoietic stem cells and lymphoid progenitors and promoted lymphopoiesis. Interestingly, Cy alone caused a profound increase in the recently described common lymphoid progenitor 2 (CLP-2) population in the BM. In the thymus, SSA caused a profound increase in cellularity as well as all intrathymic T-lineage progenitors including early T-lineage progenitors (ETPs) and non-canonical T cell progenitors such as the CLP-2. We also found that these transferred into numerical increases in the periphery with enhanced B and T cell numbers. Furthermore, these lymphocytes were found to have an enhanced functional capacity with no perturbation of the TCR repertoire. Taken together, these results provide the basis for the use of SSA in the clinic to enhance treatment outcomes from cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy.

title: Sex XXXX ablation enhances hematopoietic recovery following cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy in aged @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy is widely used in the clinic as a treatment for @entity5 . The treatment itself, however, leads to long-term depletion of the adaptive immune system, which is more pronounced in older @entity1 , predominantly due to thymic @entity194 . We and others have previously shown that withdrawal of sex @entity230 is able to regenerate the aged thymus and enhance recovery from autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. In this study we have examined the effects of sex @entity134 ablation (SSA) on the recovery of lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) and thymus following treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent @entity786 (Cy) in middle-aged and old @entity19 . Furthermore, we have also examined the impact of this regeneration on peripheral immunity. SSA enhanced the recovery of BM resident hematopoietic stem cells and lymphoid progenitors and promoted lymphopoiesis. Interestingly, Cy alone caused a profound increase in the recently described common lymphoid progenitor 2 (CLP-2) population in the BM. In the thymus, SSA caused a profound increase in cellularity as well as all intrathymic T-lineage progenitors including early T-lineage progenitors (ETPs) and non-canonical T cell progenitors such as the CLP-2. We also found that these transferred into numerical increases in the periphery with enhanced B and T cell numbers. Furthermore, these lymphocytes were found to have an enhanced functional capacity with no perturbation of the TCR repertoire. Taken together, these results provide the basis for the use of SSA in the clinic to enhance treatment outcomes from cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy.

title: Sex @entity134 ablation enhances hematopoietic recovery following cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy in aged XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity2698 is a highly vascular and rapidly growing @entity5 , which tends to recur at distant locations. Complete surgical resection is often difficult because of intraoperative excessive @entity548 or @entity4 . A 31-year-old male presented with @entity690 manifesting as a rapidly enlarging extracranial soft tissue @entity66 causing a subcutaneous mass in the forehead. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a lesion in the frontal lobe. Careful follow up was performed because the @entity1 suffered no @entity51 . The subcutaneous mass rapidly enlarged for 6 months. CT and MR imaging showed an osteolytic @entity75 with an extradural soft tissue component. Angiography demonstrated obstruction of the superior sagittal sinus and dense @entity5 staining with slow circulation and venous drainage. Gross total surgical resection was performed following endovascular embolization of the feeding arteries. Histological examination demonstrated an @entity2698 . Although rare, @entity2698 should be included in the differential diagnosis of rapidly enlarging subcutaneous mass. Preoperative endovascular treatment may allow less invasive surgery.

title: [Intracranial @entity690 manifesting as a rapidly enlarging extracranial soft tissue XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma', 'Hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intracalvarial lesion']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial osteolytic hemangiopericytoma']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['mass lesion']


abstract: @entity2698 is a highly vascular and rapidly growing @entity5 , which tends to recur at distant locations. Complete surgical resection is often difficult because of intraoperative excessive @entity548 or @entity4 . A 31-year-old male presented with @entity690 manifesting as a rapidly enlarging extracranial soft tissue @entity66 causing a subcutaneous mass in the forehead. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a lesion in the frontal lobe. Careful follow up was performed because the @entity1 suffered no @entity51 . The subcutaneous mass rapidly enlarged for 6 months. CT and MR imaging showed an osteolytic @entity75 with an extradural soft tissue component. Angiography demonstrated obstruction of the superior sagittal sinus and dense @entity5 staining with slow circulation and venous drainage. Gross total surgical resection was performed following endovascular embolization of the feeding arteries. Histological examination demonstrated an @entity2698 . Although rare, @entity2698 should be included in the differential diagnosis of rapidly enlarging subcutaneous mass. Preoperative endovascular treatment may allow less invasive surgery.

title: [Intracranial XXXX manifesting as a rapidly enlarging extracranial soft tissue @entity66 ].

answer: @entity690 :: (MESH:D030981,Disease) :: ['osteolytic hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: Our objective was to prospectively assess whether early (ie, 2 weeks) response to an antipsychotic predicts later (12-week) response and whether 'switching' early non-responders to another antipsychotic is a better strategy than 'staying'. This randomized, double-blind, flexible-dosed, 12-week study enrolled 628 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 or @entity914 . All initiated treatment with @entity1090 . Early response was defined as > or =20% improvement on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score following 2 weeks of treatment. Early responders (ERs) continued on @entity1090 , whereas early non-responders (ENRs) were randomized (1 : 1) to continue on @entity1090 2-6 mg/day or switch to @entity1037 10-20 mg/day for 10 additional weeks. Compared with ENRs, @entity1090 ERs showed significantly greater reduction in PANSS total score (end point; p<001). Early response/non-response was highly predictive of subsequent clinical outcomes. Switching @entity1090 ENRs to @entity1037 at week 2 resulted in a small but significantly greater reduction in PANSS total score (end point; p=0.020) and in @entity308 (end point; p=0.004); the reduction in PANSS was greater among those who were still moderately ill at 2 weeks. Switching @entity1090 ENRs to @entity1037 also resulted in significantly greater increases in @entity1674 , a significantly greater decrease in prolactin, and significantly less treatment-emergent @entity910 . This is the first study to prospectively show that early response/non-response to an antipsychotic ( @entity1090 ) is a reliable clinical marker of subsequent clinical outcomes and that a 'switching' strategy based on this information may lead to greater clinical improvement than staying on a drug for a longer period in some @entity1 .

title: Early response to antipsychotic drug therapy as a clinical marker of subsequent response in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Stress and glucocorticoids (GCs) can facilitate memory formation. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating their effects are largely unknown. @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptor (AMPAR) trafficking has been implicated in the changes in synaptic strength at central glutamatergic synapses associated with memory formation. In cell cultures, @entity2819 has been shown to condition the synaptic trafficking of the AMPAR @entity9449 subunit. In this study, we investigated the involvement of @entity9449 trafficking in the facilitation of learning by stress. Using the water maze spatial task involving different stress levels, @entity19 trained under more stressful conditions (water at 22 degrees C) showed better learning and memory, and higher post-training @entity2819 levels, than @entity19 trained under lower stress (water at 30 degrees C). Strikingly, this facilitated learning by stress was accompanied by enhanced synaptic expression of @entity9449 AMPARs that was not observed in @entity19 trained under less stressful conditions. Interfering with GC actions by injecting the GC synthesis inhibitor, @entity4235 , blocked both the memory facilitation and the enhanced @entity9449 trafficking induced by stressful learning. Intracerebroventricular infusion of the peptide, @entity39791 m, that blocks @entity9449 synaptic trafficking by interfering with the interaction between @entity8816 -sensitive factor and @entity9449 , impaired immediate performance at learning as well as long-term memory retrieval, supporting a causal role for @entity9449 trafficking in stress-induced facilitation of spatial learning and memory. Evidence for the involvement of the neural cell adhesion molecule @entity21043 in interaction with @entity9449 is also provided. These findings underscore a new mechanism whereby stress can improve memory function.

title: Stress at learning facilitates memory formation by regulating XXXX receptor trafficking through a glucocorticoid action.

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid', 'AMPA']

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity38215 (Pro-Hep), synthesized in the liver, is the prohormone of hepcidin (Hep), which reduces @entity68 absorption in the gut; its synthesis is enhanced by @entity32 and is reduced during @entity519 . We aimed to study the hypothesis that @entity1 born small for gestational age (SGA) have reduced cord blood concentrations of Pro-Hep. STUDY DESIGN: Cord blood was collected from 20 SGA (term and near term >35 week gestation) @entity1 and 20 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) controls. We excluded @entity1 exposed to maternal @entity102 , smoking, @entity6 , @entity167 or drug use. Both groups had a 1 min Apgar score above or equal to 7 and had normal cord blood pH (above 7.25). ELISA was used to determine serum concentrations of Pro-Hep and @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ). Circulating @entity8282 (+)/ @entity1195 (-)/SSC(low) cells were measured by flow cytometry as an index of erythroid progenitors. RESULT: There were no significant differences between groups in terms of hemoglobin concentrations, and Pro-Hep. In contrast, @entity1307 levels and circulating @entity8282 (+)/ @entity1195 (-)/SSC(low) erythroid progenitors were significantly higher in the SGA group. These differences remained significant even after controlling for gestational age and gravidity. CONCLUSION: Contrary to @entity1307 upregulation during @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ), and higher concentrations of circulating erythroid progenitors, Pro-Hep concentration is not affected by @entity1592 .

title: XXXX concentrations and erythroid progenitors in cord blood of appropriate versus small for gestational age neonates.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity38215 :: ('MESH:C513589', 'Chemical') :: ['Prohepcidin']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

answer: @entity38215 :: (MESH:C513589,Chemical) :: ['Prohepcidin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The physician that initially sees a @entity1 with an extensive and deep @entity130 must be able to provide initial acute treatment and to make a well-founded decision whether to have the @entity1 transported to a burn care center (BCC). Physicians from a variety of specialities will be involved in the management of long-term sequelae. METHODS: This article provides an overview of the treatment of severe @entity4808 and their commonest complications. Special attention is paid to initial emergency treatment (first aid) and to late complications, because physicians from multiple specialties are often involved in these phases of treatment. The data and guidelines that are summarized here were obtained through a selective Medline search and supplemented by the authors' experience in their own burn care center. RESULTS: @entity1337 , careful fluid balance, and early intubation are important elements of the initial emergency treatment. Long-term complications of @entity4808 , such as disfiguring scars on exposed areas of skin and functionally significant contractures, often require surgical treatment. Early measures for scar care may improve the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The effective treatment of severe @entity4808 is interdisciplinary, involving general practitioners and emergency physicians as well as plastic surgeons and physicians of other specialties. Knowledge of the basic principles of treatment enables physicians to care for @entity1 with @entity4808 appropriately both in the acute setting and in the long term.

title: XXXX : acute and long-term treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['dermal burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Severe burn injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most @entity734 ( @entity734 ) are considered to have effects on mood and to be effective in a number of @entity1316 . There are, however, conflicting reports in the literature with respect to the psychotropic properties of @entity734 . Many of the studies have a number of methodological problems, and much uncertainty still exists regarding the behavioral and mood effects of @entity734 . The aim of this study was to assess, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of @entity410 -free @entity1 with @entity302 , the effect of withdrawal of @entity734 in @entity1 on monotherapy on measures of mood and behavior. METHODS: One hundred fifteen subjects who had been @entity410 -free >2 years on drug monotherapy went through a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Each @entity1 was included for 12 months or until @entity410 relapse. Behavioral function was assessed with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2) at baseline and 7 months after withdrawal. RESULTS: Discontinuation of @entity734 resulted, to a greater extent than continued treatment, in a slight improvement in symptoms of @entity308 and @entity146 . Comparable results were achieved in the subgroup taking @entity2049 . For @entity1 with a high degree of @entity308 and somatic symptoms at baseline, no significant differences in symptoms emerged in the withdrawal group compared with the non-withdrawal group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that @entity410 -free @entity1 with @entity302 on monotherapy can obtain a slight improvement in symptoms characteristic of @entity308 and @entity146 if they discontinue treatment with @entity734 . The described changes are limited, and the functional impact is of uncertain significance.

title: Slight improvement in mood and XXXX after antiepileptic drug withdrawal: a controlled study in @entity1 on monotherapy.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['irritability']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most @entity734 ( @entity734 ) are considered to have effects on mood and to be effective in a number of @entity1316 . There are, however, conflicting reports in the literature with respect to the psychotropic properties of @entity734 . Many of the studies have a number of methodological problems, and much uncertainty still exists regarding the behavioral and mood effects of @entity734 . The aim of this study was to assess, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of @entity410 -free @entity1 with @entity302 , the effect of withdrawal of @entity734 in @entity1 on monotherapy on measures of mood and behavior. METHODS: One hundred fifteen subjects who had been @entity410 -free >2 years on drug monotherapy went through a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Each @entity1 was included for 12 months or until @entity410 relapse. Behavioral function was assessed with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2) at baseline and 7 months after withdrawal. RESULTS: Discontinuation of @entity734 resulted, to a greater extent than continued treatment, in a slight improvement in symptoms of @entity308 and @entity146 . Comparable results were achieved in the subgroup taking @entity2049 . For @entity1 with a high degree of @entity308 and somatic symptoms at baseline, no significant differences in symptoms emerged in the withdrawal group compared with the non-withdrawal group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that @entity410 -free @entity1 with @entity302 on monotherapy can obtain a slight improvement in symptoms characteristic of @entity308 and @entity146 if they discontinue treatment with @entity734 . The described changes are limited, and the functional impact is of uncertain significance.

title: Slight improvement in mood and @entity146 after antiepileptic drug withdrawal: a controlled study in XXXX on monotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The reticulohistiocytoses are a rare group of non-Langerhans cell histiocytic disorders. Recently, dermatoscopic features have been reported for some of the @entity74 . We report a case of diffuse @entity7255 with 29 @entity12909 . On dermatoscopy of these lesions, we saw three typical features: a homogeneous pattern with various shades of yellow (defined previously as a 'setting-sun' pattern), @entity2383 , and central @entity62 and streaks. The setting-sun pattern was most commonly seen in combination with @entity2383 . In four lesions, @entity2383 surrounded a central @entity62 resembling that of a @entity3074 . However, the presence of the setting-sun pattern in the background gave a different hue to that of the peripheral network seen in a @entity3074 . A marked clinical improvement was associated with 6 months of systemic @entity1499 treatment. Dermatoscopy may aid in the diagnosis of @entity66 . For this @entity1 , @entity1499 was beneficial.

title: Reticulohistiocytosis: different dermatoscopic faces and a good response to XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity12909 :: ('MESH:D015616', 'Disease') :: ['reticulohistiocytomas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['xanthomatous diseases']

entities_list: @entity3074 :: ('MESH:D018219', 'Disease') :: ['dermatofibroma']

entities_list: @entity7255 :: ('MESH:D018366', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous reticulohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['xanthomatous disorders']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white scar-like patches', 'white scar-like patch']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['brown reticular structures']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Triage of mass casualties in situations in which @entity1 must remain on-scene for prolonged periods of time, such as after a @entity16839 , differs from traditional triage. Often there are multiple scenes (sectors), and the infrastructure is damaged. Available medical resources are limited, and the time to definitive care is uncertain. Early evacuation is not possible, and local initial responders cannot expect significant outside assistance for at least 49-72 hours. Current triage systems are based either on a shorter time to definitive care or on a longer time to initial triage. The Medical Disaster Response (MDR) project deals with the scenario in which specially trained, local health-care providers evaluate @entity1 immediately after the event, but cannot evacuate @entity1 to definitive care. For this type of scenario, a dynamic triage methodology was developed that permits the triage process to evolve over hours or even days, thereby maximizing @entity1 survival and resulting in a more efficient use of resources. This MDR system incorporates a modified version of "Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment" (START) that substitutes radial pulse for capillary refill, coupled with a system of secondary triage termed, "Secondary Assessment of Victim Endpoint" ( @entity3528 ). The @entity3528 triage was developed to direct limited resources to the subgroup of @entity1 expected to benefit most from their use. The @entity3528 assesses survivability of @entity1 with @entity130 and, on the basis of @entity130 statistics, uses this information to describe the relationship between expected benefits and resources consumed. Because early transport to an intact medical system is unavailable, this information guides treatment priorities in the field to a level beyond the scope of the START methodology. Pre-existing disease and age are factored into the triage decisions. An elderly @entity1 with burns to 70% of body surface area is unsalvageable under austere field conditions and would require the use of significant medical resources-both personnel and equipment-and would be triaged to an "expectant area." Conversely, a young adult with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of 12 who requires only airway maintenance would use few resources and would have a reasonable chance for survival with the interventions available in the field, and would be triaged to a "treatment" area. The START and @entity3528 triage techniques are used in situations in which triage is dynamic, occurs over many hours to days, and only limited, austere, field, advanced life support equipment is readily available. The MDR- @entity3528 methodology is the first systematic attempt to use triage as a tool to maximize @entity1 benefit in the immediate aftermath of a @entity16839 .

title: Disaster triage: START, then @entity3528 --a new method of dynamic triage for victims of a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16839 :: ('MESH:D002388', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic disaster', 'catastrophic earthquake']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['various injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity16839 :: (MESH:D002388,Disease) :: ['catastrophic earthquake']


abstract: Triage of mass casualties in situations in which @entity1 must remain on-scene for prolonged periods of time, such as after a @entity16839 , differs from traditional triage. Often there are multiple scenes (sectors), and the infrastructure is damaged. Available medical resources are limited, and the time to definitive care is uncertain. Early evacuation is not possible, and local initial responders cannot expect significant outside assistance for at least 49-72 hours. Current triage systems are based either on a shorter time to definitive care or on a longer time to initial triage. The Medical Disaster Response (MDR) project deals with the scenario in which specially trained, local health-care providers evaluate @entity1 immediately after the event, but cannot evacuate @entity1 to definitive care. For this type of scenario, a dynamic triage methodology was developed that permits the triage process to evolve over hours or even days, thereby maximizing @entity1 survival and resulting in a more efficient use of resources. This MDR system incorporates a modified version of "Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment" (START) that substitutes radial pulse for capillary refill, coupled with a system of secondary triage termed, "Secondary Assessment of Victim Endpoint" ( @entity3528 ). The @entity3528 triage was developed to direct limited resources to the subgroup of @entity1 expected to benefit most from their use. The @entity3528 assesses survivability of @entity1 with @entity130 and, on the basis of @entity130 statistics, uses this information to describe the relationship between expected benefits and resources consumed. Because early transport to an intact medical system is unavailable, this information guides treatment priorities in the field to a level beyond the scope of the START methodology. Pre-existing disease and age are factored into the triage decisions. An elderly @entity1 with burns to 70% of body surface area is unsalvageable under austere field conditions and would require the use of significant medical resources-both personnel and equipment-and would be triaged to an "expectant area." Conversely, a young adult with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of 12 who requires only airway maintenance would use few resources and would have a reasonable chance for survival with the interventions available in the field, and would be triaged to a "treatment" area. The START and @entity3528 triage techniques are used in situations in which triage is dynamic, occurs over many hours to days, and only limited, austere, field, advanced life support equipment is readily available. The MDR- @entity3528 methodology is the first systematic attempt to use triage as a tool to maximize @entity1 benefit in the immediate aftermath of a @entity16839 .

title: Disaster triage: START, then XXXX --a new method of dynamic triage for victims of a @entity16839 .

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['SAVE']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To better characterize the clinical, electrodiagnostic, and pathologic aspects of @entity2643 -induced @entity9918 . METHODS: We reviewed medical records, performed electrodiagnostic studies, and examined histopathologic specimens of muscle and nerve in three @entity1 with @entity2643 -induced @entity137 , as well as summarized the relevant literature. RESULTS: Two @entity1 had a slightly asymmetric, mixed, but primarily demyelinating @entity305 . One also had a substantial @entity121 . The third had an acute @entity16 resembling @entity5011 . Seemingly, @entity908 kinase levels did not correlate with clinical or electromyographic evidence of @entity121 . Histologic evaluations of peripheral nerves revealed @entity17 , some axon loss, and a variable number of characteristic lysosomal inclusions. Muscle specimens from two @entity1 showed evidence of a @entity13312 . After discontinuation of @entity2643 , two @entity1 improved and one died of @entity943 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the clinical features and onset times vary, @entity2643 @entity137 manifests as a mixed @entity305 , @entity13312 , or both. @entity908 kinase levels may not correlate with the degree of @entity121 . Variable numbers of lysosomal inclusions in peripheral nerve, endothelial cells, and muscle are characteristic.

title: XXXX -induced @entity9918 : three cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity9918 :: ('MESH:C566617', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyopathy']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['vacuolar myopathy']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine', 'Creatine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'sensorimotor polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['Amiodarone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To better characterize the clinical, electrodiagnostic, and pathologic aspects of @entity2643 -induced @entity9918 . METHODS: We reviewed medical records, performed electrodiagnostic studies, and examined histopathologic specimens of muscle and nerve in three @entity1 with @entity2643 -induced @entity137 , as well as summarized the relevant literature. RESULTS: Two @entity1 had a slightly asymmetric, mixed, but primarily demyelinating @entity305 . One also had a substantial @entity121 . The third had an acute @entity16 resembling @entity5011 . Seemingly, @entity908 kinase levels did not correlate with clinical or electromyographic evidence of @entity121 . Histologic evaluations of peripheral nerves revealed @entity17 , some axon loss, and a variable number of characteristic lysosomal inclusions. Muscle specimens from two @entity1 showed evidence of a @entity13312 . After discontinuation of @entity2643 , two @entity1 improved and one died of @entity943 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the clinical features and onset times vary, @entity2643 @entity137 manifests as a mixed @entity305 , @entity13312 , or both. @entity908 kinase levels may not correlate with the degree of @entity121 . Variable numbers of lysosomal inclusions in peripheral nerve, endothelial cells, and muscle are characteristic.

title: @entity2643 -induced XXXX : three cases and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity9918 :: (MESH:C566617,Disease) :: ['neuromyopathy']


abstract: @entity3001 is a @entity7545 that has protean neurologic manifestations involving both the central and peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system manifestations of @entity3001 can be divided chronologically into acute and chronic forms. Within weeks after disease onset, approximately 15% of untreated @entity1 develop an acute Lyme meningoradiculoneuritis with @entity10 , @entity221 , @entity158 , @entity425 , and sensory loss, often associated with @entity129 , usually @entity3541 . Cerebrospinal fluid typically shows lymphocytic pleocytosis, high protein, and normal @entity413 . Diagnosis is made by recognition of characteristic clinical features with a history of preceding exposure and confirmed by serologic evidence of exposure to @entity2069 or by antibody or PCR evidence of cerebrospinal fluid @entity281 . Months to years after onset, rare @entity1 may develop chronic @entity8954 presenting with sensory symptoms or @entity158 . Diagnosis is confirmed by a history of exposure, previous systemic or acute neurologic manifestations of @entity3001 , and serologic evidence of @entity281 . Pathology of @entity4432 reveals @entity528 with perivascular mononuclear infiltration. Eradication of the organism can be achieved with 2 to 4 weeks of @entity2756 for both acute and chronic @entity9144 . Isolated @entity3541 without evidence of cerebrospinal fluid @entity281 can be treated with oral antibiotics such as @entity3403 . Prognosis after therapy is good, but neurologic recovery is slower for chronic than acute Lyme @entity32242 .

title: Peripheral nervous system manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme borreliosis', 'Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme neuroborreliosis']

entities_list: @entity32242 :: ('MESH:C564857', 'Disease') :: ['radiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['B. burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic Lyme radiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne illness']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['lyme borreliosis']


abstract: Although @entity28 is often associated with high-fat diets, it can develop from a variety of meal patterns. Excessive intake of simple @entity3363 is one consistent eating behavior leading to @entity28 . However, the impact of overconsumption of diets with high @entity1735 to fat ratios (C/F) on body composition and global adipose tissue gene expression remains unclear. We used total enteral nutrition to evaluate the effects of caloric intake and C/F on body @entity1017 and development of @entity28 . Female @entity35 were fed diets with either low C/F or @entity2195 ( @entity2195 ) (reflecting a 19.5-fold increase in C/F) at two levels of caloric intake: 187 or 220 kcal/kg(3/4) x d (15% excess) for 4 wk. At the end of the study period, @entity35 fed @entity2195 diets had about 20% higher body weight at either caloric intake compared with @entity35 fed low C/F diets (P < 0.05). Body composition (assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance, computerized tomography, and adipose tissue weights) revealed higher percent fat mass (P < 0.05) in @entity2195 @entity35 . @entity28 was associated with increased serum resistin, leptin, fasting @entity3190 , and insulin resistance after an oral @entity413 challenge (P < 0.05). Microarray analyses of adipose tissues revealed @entity2195 diets led to changes in 270 and 464 transcripts at 187 and 220 kcal/kg(3/4) x d intakes. Genes regulating @entity413 transport, glycolysis, @entity844 and @entity412 biosynthesis, desaturation and elongation, adipogenesis, and adipokines were affected by @entity2195 diets. These results suggest that C/F and interactions with excessive caloric intake per se may regulate body composition and play important roles in the development of @entity28 and @entity209 .

title: XXXX -responsive gene expression in the adipose tissue of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: Although @entity28 is often associated with high-fat diets, it can develop from a variety of meal patterns. Excessive intake of simple @entity3363 is one consistent eating behavior leading to @entity28 . However, the impact of overconsumption of diets with high @entity1735 to fat ratios (C/F) on body composition and global adipose tissue gene expression remains unclear. We used total enteral nutrition to evaluate the effects of caloric intake and C/F on body @entity1017 and development of @entity28 . Female @entity35 were fed diets with either low C/F or @entity2195 ( @entity2195 ) (reflecting a 19.5-fold increase in C/F) at two levels of caloric intake: 187 or 220 kcal/kg(3/4) x d (15% excess) for 4 wk. At the end of the study period, @entity35 fed @entity2195 diets had about 20% higher body weight at either caloric intake compared with @entity35 fed low C/F diets (P < 0.05). Body composition (assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance, computerized tomography, and adipose tissue weights) revealed higher percent fat mass (P < 0.05) in @entity2195 @entity35 . @entity28 was associated with increased serum resistin, leptin, fasting @entity3190 , and insulin resistance after an oral @entity413 challenge (P < 0.05). Microarray analyses of adipose tissues revealed @entity2195 diets led to changes in 270 and 464 transcripts at 187 and 220 kcal/kg(3/4) x d intakes. Genes regulating @entity413 transport, glycolysis, @entity844 and @entity412 biosynthesis, desaturation and elongation, adipogenesis, and adipokines were affected by @entity2195 diets. These results suggest that C/F and interactions with excessive caloric intake per se may regulate body composition and play important roles in the development of @entity28 and @entity209 .

title: @entity1735 -responsive gene expression in the adipose tissue of XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Needle electromyography (EMG) findings in @entity1 with @entity121 can be classified as "irritable" or "non-irritable," depending on the presence or absence of "abnormal spontaneous activity" in the form of fibrillation potentials, positive sharp waves, or complex, repetitive discharges. An irritable @entity121 suggests either an active necrotizing @entity121 and/or unstable muscle membrane potential. Although inflammatory @entity121 are traditionally considered to show irritable myopathic changes on EMG, the precise incidence of these changes is not known. We retrospectively reviewed the EMG findings in 178 consecutive @entity1 with biopsy-confirmed @entity121 . @entity5442 was defined on the basis of biopsy findings combined with clinical features. Needle EMG showed "irritable" @entity121 in 66% of the @entity1 in the inflammatory histology myopathic group and in 30% @entity1 with non-inflammatory histology (p <0.00l). Overall, irritable EMG findings predicted an inflammatory histology in only 44% of @entity1 . The degree and distribution of irritability on EMG did not improve the probability of finding @entity5442 . By the same token, non-irritable EMG findings also did not exclude inflammatory histology. We conclude that irritable @entity121 on EMG as defined above is not very sensitive and not very specific for predicting an inflammatory histology.

title: Incidence of irritable electromyography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic process', 'myopathy', 'myopathic features', 'myopathies']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory myopathy', 'inflammatory myopathy']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['inflammatory myopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Alexithymia means a reduced capacity to identify and describe one's own feelings. Both stress and an alexithymic response to stress can contribute to relapse into @entity734 , but to our knowledge the neural processing of an alexithymic response to stress in @entity2072 -dependent individuals has not been examined. METHODS: In a functional magnetic resonance imaging session,17 male and 10 female abstinent @entity2072 -dependent subjects participated in script-guided imagery of neutral or stressful situations. Spatial preprocessing and statistical analysis of brain images were performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping Software (SPM2). Blood @entity26 level-dependent contrasts between stress and neutral imagery were correlated voxelwise with scores on the 26-item @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ). RESULTS: Male @entity2072 users demonstrated a positive correlation between @entity2653 scores and activation in the right putamen and middle frontal cortex during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. In contrast, no brain regions showed a negative correlation with @entity2653 scores. Female subjects demonstrated a negative correlation between @entity2653 scores and activation in the right amygdala, thalamus, putamen, and left frontal and bilateral temporal cortices, and no positive correlations with @entity2653 scores during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with greater alexithymic features showed reduced left-hemispheric cortical and right-hemispheric subcortical activation during processing of stress. However, @entity1 showed an opposite correlation in the right frontal cortex and putamen, suggesting that responses to stress in the putamen (activation v. deactivation) and frontal cortex (activation v. deactivation, as well as right v. left correlations) are critically different in association with alexithymia between male and female @entity2072 -dependent @entity1 .

title: Alexithymia and stress-induced brain activation in XXXX -dependent @entity1 and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Toronto Alexithymia Scale', 'TAS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Alexithymia means a reduced capacity to identify and describe one's own feelings. Both stress and an alexithymic response to stress can contribute to relapse into @entity734 , but to our knowledge the neural processing of an alexithymic response to stress in @entity2072 -dependent individuals has not been examined. METHODS: In a functional magnetic resonance imaging session,17 male and 10 female abstinent @entity2072 -dependent subjects participated in script-guided imagery of neutral or stressful situations. Spatial preprocessing and statistical analysis of brain images were performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping Software (SPM2). Blood @entity26 level-dependent contrasts between stress and neutral imagery were correlated voxelwise with scores on the 26-item @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ). RESULTS: Male @entity2072 users demonstrated a positive correlation between @entity2653 scores and activation in the right putamen and middle frontal cortex during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. In contrast, no brain regions showed a negative correlation with @entity2653 scores. Female subjects demonstrated a negative correlation between @entity2653 scores and activation in the right amygdala, thalamus, putamen, and left frontal and bilateral temporal cortices, and no positive correlations with @entity2653 scores during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with greater alexithymic features showed reduced left-hemispheric cortical and right-hemispheric subcortical activation during processing of stress. However, @entity1 showed an opposite correlation in the right frontal cortex and putamen, suggesting that responses to stress in the putamen (activation v. deactivation) and frontal cortex (activation v. deactivation, as well as right v. left correlations) are critically different in association with alexithymia between male and female @entity2072 -dependent @entity1 .

title: Alexithymia and stress-induced brain activation in @entity2072 -dependent XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Alexithymia means a reduced capacity to identify and describe one's own feelings. Both stress and an alexithymic response to stress can contribute to relapse into @entity734 , but to our knowledge the neural processing of an alexithymic response to stress in @entity2072 -dependent individuals has not been examined. METHODS: In a functional magnetic resonance imaging session,17 male and 10 female abstinent @entity2072 -dependent subjects participated in script-guided imagery of neutral or stressful situations. Spatial preprocessing and statistical analysis of brain images were performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping Software (SPM2). Blood @entity26 level-dependent contrasts between stress and neutral imagery were correlated voxelwise with scores on the 26-item @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ). RESULTS: Male @entity2072 users demonstrated a positive correlation between @entity2653 scores and activation in the right putamen and middle frontal cortex during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. In contrast, no brain regions showed a negative correlation with @entity2653 scores. Female subjects demonstrated a negative correlation between @entity2653 scores and activation in the right amygdala, thalamus, putamen, and left frontal and bilateral temporal cortices, and no positive correlations with @entity2653 scores during stressful, compared with neutral, imagery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with greater alexithymic features showed reduced left-hemispheric cortical and right-hemispheric subcortical activation during processing of stress. However, @entity1 showed an opposite correlation in the right frontal cortex and putamen, suggesting that responses to stress in the putamen (activation v. deactivation) and frontal cortex (activation v. deactivation, as well as right v. left correlations) are critically different in association with alexithymia between male and female @entity2072 -dependent @entity1 .

title: Alexithymia and stress-induced brain activation in @entity2072 -dependent @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The combination of liposomes and aerosols has been utilized to directly target the lungs with chemotherapeutic agents that might not have been used because of low solubility or @entity137 . There are a variety of antibacterials, antifungals, and antivirals that have good in vitro activity, but are not effective because of their systemic @entity137 and/or poor penetration into the lungs. Incorporation of many lipophilic drugs into liposomes decreases their @entity137 without affecting effectiveness, thus increasing the therapeutic index. We have focused on aerosol delivery of @entity2379 (ampB) for the treatment of @entity358 . We have tested a variety of ampB-lipid formulations for the optimal treatment regimen for Cryptococcus and @entity6923 in @entity19 models. The AeroTech II nebulizer (MMADs of 1.8-2.2 microns) produced aerosols with the highest concentrations in the breathable range. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that pulmonary drug was present for hours to weeks. AmBisome retained its anticryptococcal activity even when animals were challenged 14 days after aerosol treatment. @entity71099 may also be effective in @entity262 . In our Candida- @entity19 model, @entity6923 and mortality were reduced by aerosolized ampB-liposome treatment. The ability to utilize lipophilic drugs, to deliver high concentrations of drug directly to the site of infection, and to reduce @entity137 makes aerosol liposomes an attractive, alternative route of administration.

title: Liposomal aerosols in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infections', 'systemic candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and systemic fungal diseases']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of @entity1897 in @entity1 referred to an electrodiagnostic laboratory with a history of shoulder @entity130 . The characteristics of those presenting with the triad of @entity2065 , @entity1897 , and rotator cuff tear were further examined. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all @entity1 referred to our electrodiagnostic laboratory over a 17-month period. Requisitions, clinical histories, physical findings, electrophysiological results, and radiologic investigations were reviewed. Inclusion for analysis was a clinical history of shoulder @entity130 and electrophysiological evidence of @entity128 . RESULTS: Of 1844 @entity1 studied, 48 had @entity128 associated with @entity130 to the shoulder. Twenty presented with @entity5300 ; 17 @entity4216 (axillary nerve was most common, 47%); and 11 multiple nerve involvement. Of the multiple nerves involved, the axillary was most commonly affected (45% axillary and musculocutaneous; 36% axillary and suprascapular). Fifteen (31%) @entity1 had a history of @entity2065 , whereas 5 (10.4%) demonstrated the triad of dislocation, @entity128 , and rotator cuff tear. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1897 is an important consideration in @entity1 with shoulder @entity130 . For @entity1 presenting with @entity128 post- @entity2065 , it is important to consider a potential concomitant rotator cuff tear as an ongoing source of @entity158 or @entity425 . Similarly, a @entity1 with a rotator cuff tear following dislocation may have an associated @entity1897 .

title: @entity1897 associated with shoulder XXXX : a retrospective study and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexopathies']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral nerve injury', 'peripheral nerve lesion', 'peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['isolated mononeuropathies']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dislocation']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of @entity1897 in @entity1 referred to an electrodiagnostic laboratory with a history of shoulder @entity130 . The characteristics of those presenting with the triad of @entity2065 , @entity1897 , and rotator cuff tear were further examined. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all @entity1 referred to our electrodiagnostic laboratory over a 17-month period. Requisitions, clinical histories, physical findings, electrophysiological results, and radiologic investigations were reviewed. Inclusion for analysis was a clinical history of shoulder @entity130 and electrophysiological evidence of @entity128 . RESULTS: Of 1844 @entity1 studied, 48 had @entity128 associated with @entity130 to the shoulder. Twenty presented with @entity5300 ; 17 @entity4216 (axillary nerve was most common, 47%); and 11 multiple nerve involvement. Of the multiple nerves involved, the axillary was most commonly affected (45% axillary and musculocutaneous; 36% axillary and suprascapular). Fifteen (31%) @entity1 had a history of @entity2065 , whereas 5 (10.4%) demonstrated the triad of dislocation, @entity128 , and rotator cuff tear. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1897 is an important consideration in @entity1 with shoulder @entity130 . For @entity1 presenting with @entity128 post- @entity2065 , it is important to consider a potential concomitant rotator cuff tear as an ongoing source of @entity158 or @entity425 . Similarly, a @entity1 with a rotator cuff tear following dislocation may have an associated @entity1897 .

title: XXXX associated with shoulder @entity130 : a retrospective study and review of the literature.

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Peripheral nerve injury']


abstract: The aim of this study is to determine effective biochemical markers and optimal sampling timing for prediction of neurological prognosis in post-surgical @entity510 ( @entity510 ) @entity1 . Subjects were a sequential group of @entity510 @entity1 admitted to our centre who underwent @entity439 clipping before Day 3 and who received a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drain. CSF samples from 32 @entity1 were collected on Days 3, 7, and 14. Neurological outcome was assessed by neurosurgeons using the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 6 months after onset. CSF levels of @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ), @entity4483 , and @entity538 ( @entity538 ) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the CSF concentrations of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) were determined using spectrophotometric assay. In univariate analysis, @entity4483 on Days 3 and 14, @entity538 on Days 3 and 7, and @entity1865 on Day 14 were significantly higher in the poor outcome group (GOS 1-4) than in the good outcome group (GOS 5). In multivariate analysis, only @entity1865 on Day 14 was identified as a significant predictor of poor neurological outcome at 6 months after onset. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for @entity1865 on Day 14 was 0.841. For a threshold of 0.3 microM, sensitivity and specificity were 0.875 and 0.750, respectively. Our findings suggest that these biochemical markers, especially @entity1865 , show significant promise as predictors of neurological outcome in clinical practice.

title: Prognostic value of biochemical markers of brain damage and oxidative stress in post-surgical XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'SAH']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: The aim of this study is to determine effective biochemical markers and optimal sampling timing for prediction of neurological prognosis in post-surgical @entity510 ( @entity510 ) @entity1 . Subjects were a sequential group of @entity510 @entity1 admitted to our centre who underwent @entity439 clipping before Day 3 and who received a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drain. CSF samples from 32 @entity1 were collected on Days 3, 7, and 14. Neurological outcome was assessed by neurosurgeons using the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 6 months after onset. CSF levels of @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ), @entity4483 , and @entity538 ( @entity538 ) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the CSF concentrations of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) were determined using spectrophotometric assay. In univariate analysis, @entity4483 on Days 3 and 14, @entity538 on Days 3 and 7, and @entity1865 on Day 14 were significantly higher in the poor outcome group (GOS 1-4) than in the good outcome group (GOS 5). In multivariate analysis, only @entity1865 on Day 14 was identified as a significant predictor of poor neurological outcome at 6 months after onset. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for @entity1865 on Day 14 was 0.841. For a threshold of 0.3 microM, sensitivity and specificity were 0.875 and 0.750, respectively. Our findings suggest that these biochemical markers, especially @entity1865 , show significant promise as predictors of neurological outcome in clinical practice.

title: Prognostic value of biochemical markers of brain damage and oxidative stress in post-surgical @entity510 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare @entity7319 ( @entity7319 ) movement and leading-edge-of-the-bolus location patterns of sequential swallowing in @entity1 with @entity64 and healthy adults, and to determine whether these patterns affect swallowing safety. DESIGN: Between-groups comparison. SETTING: Veterans hospital. @entity1 : Consecutively admitted @entity1 with acute unilateral @entity64 (right hemisphere damage, n=13; left hemisphere damage, n=16) and age-matched healthy @entity1 (n=25). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity7319 movement pattern, bolus location, Penetration-Aspiration (P-A) Scale score. RESULTS: No significant group differences were observed for @entity7319 movement pattern, bolus location, and P-A Scale score. Specific @entity7319 movement patterns and bolus location were not associated with a higher P-A Scale score. A significant correlation between @entity7319 movement pattern and bolus location was observed. Bolus location was typically inferior to the valleculae between swallows when the @entity7319 was partially elevated. Across all groups, P-A Scale scores were significantly higher during sequential swallowing than single swallows. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7319 movement pattern and bolus location do not appear related to airway invasion, at least in @entity1 without significant @entity1282 . Given higher P-A Scale scores during sequential swallowing as compared with single swallows, sequential swallowing should always be evaluated in all @entity1 .

title: Comparison of sequential swallowing in @entity1 with XXXX and healthy adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'supratentorial stroke']

entities_list: @entity7319 :: ('MESH:D030401', 'Disease') :: ['HLC', 'hyolaryngeal complex']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare @entity7319 ( @entity7319 ) movement and leading-edge-of-the-bolus location patterns of sequential swallowing in @entity1 with @entity64 and healthy adults, and to determine whether these patterns affect swallowing safety. DESIGN: Between-groups comparison. SETTING: Veterans hospital. @entity1 : Consecutively admitted @entity1 with acute unilateral @entity64 (right hemisphere damage, n=13; left hemisphere damage, n=16) and age-matched healthy @entity1 (n=25). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity7319 movement pattern, bolus location, Penetration-Aspiration (P-A) Scale score. RESULTS: No significant group differences were observed for @entity7319 movement pattern, bolus location, and P-A Scale score. Specific @entity7319 movement patterns and bolus location were not associated with a higher P-A Scale score. A significant correlation between @entity7319 movement pattern and bolus location was observed. Bolus location was typically inferior to the valleculae between swallows when the @entity7319 was partially elevated. Across all groups, P-A Scale scores were significantly higher during sequential swallowing than single swallows. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7319 movement pattern and bolus location do not appear related to airway invasion, at least in @entity1 without significant @entity1282 . Given higher P-A Scale scores during sequential swallowing as compared with single swallows, sequential swallowing should always be evaluated in all @entity1 .

title: Comparison of sequential swallowing in XXXX with @entity64 and healthy adults.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare 2 methods for determining neglect in @entity1 within 2 days of @entity64 , and to investigate whether early neglect was related to rehabilitation practice, and whether this relationship was affected by an early, intensive mobilization intervention. DESIGN: Data were collected from @entity1 participating in a phase II randomized controlled trial of early rehabilitation after @entity64 . SETTING: Acute @entity64 unit. @entity1 : @entity64 @entity1 (N=71). INTERVENTION: The 2 arms of the trial were very early mobilization (VEM) and standard care (SC). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neglect was assessed using the Star Cancellation Test and the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) inattention item within 48 hours of @entity64 onset, and therapy details were recorded during the hospital stay. RESULTS: Assessing neglect so acutely after @entity64 was difficult: 29 of the 71 @entity1 were unable to complete the Star Cancellation Test, and agreement between this test and the NIHSS measure was only .42. Presence of neglect did not preclude early mobilization. SC group @entity1 with neglect had longer hospital stays (median, 11d) than those without neglect (median, 4d); there was no difference in length of stay between @entity1 with and without neglect in the VEM group (median, 6d in both). CONCLUSION: Early mobilization of @entity1 with neglect was feasible and may contribute to a shorter acute hospital stay.

title: Hemispatial neglect and rehabilitation in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke', 'hospital stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The AOK Baden-W  rttemberg health insurance fund initiated a study on the outpatient rehabilitation of @entity1 with @entity1643 , aimed at improving the treatment concept for its insurees with @entity1643 (START). This model project was scientifically guided by the Hochrhein-Institute in Bad S  ckingen. The paper compares the effectiveness of Enhanced Outpatient Physiotherapy (Erweiterte Ambulante Physiotherapie, @entity11664 ), Outpatient Rehabilitation (Ambulante Rehabilitation, AR) and Medical Training Therapy (Medizinische Trainingstherapie, @entity98 ) in @entity1 with @entity1643 . In seven regions in Baden-W  rttemberg, one of these three intervention forms was provided to the @entity1 . A total of 1,274 @entity1 were included in the study. The AOK Baden-W  rttemberg @entity1 receiving treatment in one of the three intervention forms were seriously restricted in both the physical dimension of their health status and in their physical mobility in everyday life and at the workplace. Besides, they frequently reported considerable @entity6475 . The three interventions led to significant and relevant decreases in @entity158 intensity and to an improved health-related quality of life. There were no significant differences between the various treatments in terms of effectiveness. The @entity1 shared an equally high satisfaction with the treatment received. In @entity98 , the total therapy length of 15 weeks was by far longer than in AR and @entity11664 (about 5 and 8 weeks). Unlike AR and, in parts, @entity11664 , @entity1 may continue to work while participating in @entity98 . Therefore an immediate therapy start within a week was more likely possible in @entity98 (59 %) than in AR (10 %) or @entity11664 (23 %). In evaluating the results a number of restrictions have to be considered. Nevertheless, based on our research findings, the following can be concluded: @entity98 is a suitable therapy concept in @entity1 with @entity1643 characterized by a rapid start and-- compared to the other two concepts-- by lower therapy costs. @entity98 might represent a meaningful therapy element also in new forms of provision such as integrated services. @entity1 showing severe @entity6475 should be assigned to an interdisciplinary therapy as it is provided by inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation facilities. For effective differential assignment to the various programmes, realization of a standardized rehab assessment is an important precondition.

title: [Comparison of three outpatient therapy forms for treatment of XXXX -- findings of a multicentre, cluster randomized study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial strain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom ( @entity23806 ) have endured high combat stress and are eligible for 2 years of free military service-related health care through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system, yet little is known about the burden and clinical circumstances of mental health diagnoses among @entity23806 veterans seen at VA facilities. METHODS: US veterans separated from @entity23806 military service and first seen at VA health care facilities between September 30, 2001 (US invasion of Afghanistan), and September 30, 2005, were included. Mental health diagnoses and psychosocial problems were assessed using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. The prevalence and clinical circumstances of and subgroups at greatest risk for @entity146 are described herein. RESULTS: Of 103 788 @entity23806 veterans seen at VA health care facilities, 25 658 (25%) received mental health diagnosis(es); 56% of whom had 2 or more distinct mental health diagnoses. Overall, 32 010 (31%) received mental health and/or psychosocial diagnoses. Mental health diagnoses were detected soon after the first VA clinic visit (median of 13 days), and most initial mental health diagnoses (60%) were made in nonmental health clinics, mostly primary care settings. The youngest group of @entity23806 veterans (age, 18-24 years) were at greatest risk for receiving mental health or @entity1005 diagnoses compared with veterans 40 years or older. CONCLUSIONS: Co-occurring mental health diagnoses and psychosocial problems were detected early and in primary care medical settings in a substantial proportion of @entity23806 veterans seen at VA facilities. Targeted early detection and intervention beginning in primary care settings are needed to prevent chronic @entity1032 and disability.

title: Bringing the war back home: XXXX among 103,788 US veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan seen at Department of Veterans Affairs facilities.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental health disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental health disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic method and clinical effect of domestic locking plate for treating @entity174 of the tubiform bone through a minimal incision and bridging fixation. METHODS: Among 40 @entity1 with @entity174 of the tubiform bone, 29 @entity1 were male and 11 @entity1 were female, aged from 29 to 69 years, with the average of 38.27 years. Among 34 @entity1 with closed @entity174 , 7 cases were type A, 10 cases type B, 17 cases type C according to AO/ASIF classification. Among 6 @entity1 with open @entity174 , 2 cases were type I, 4 cases were type II according to Gustilo classification. These @entity1 were treated with a small incision after manipulative reduction. Locking plate and 3.5 mm diameter Kirschner wire were used to maintain the reduction and through the C-arm X-ray machine to check and adjust the position, screw were locked to bridging fixation at last. RESULTS: Forty cases were followed up in 6 months on average (ranging from 4 to 10 months). The average time of union of @entity174 was 4.6 months (ranging from 3 to 8 months). According to Ovadia typing, the results were excellent in 16 cases, good in 20 cases, fair in 3 cases,poor in 1 case. The excellent and good rate was 90%. CONCLUSIONS: The domestic locking plate is suitable for @entity1 with @entity170 and @entity9256 because of the advantages of reliable fixation and low price. It could achieve the same effect of minimal invasive as LISS (less invasive stabilizing system) plate through the improvement of operative method.

title: [Treatment of XXXX of the tubiform bone with domestic locking plate through minimal invasive incision and bridging reduction fixation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9256 :: ('MESH:D018460', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome and indication of surface-replacement total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of the @entity2738 . METHODS: The clinical data of 17 @entity1 (21 hips) with @entity2738 were reviewed. Among which, 10 cases were male and 7 cases were female, the average age was 36 years old (ranging from 25 to 51 years). There were 8 hips at Ficat stage III and 10 hips at Ficat stage IV. The 17 @entity1 (21 hips) underwent surface-replacement total hip arthroplasty. Gibson posterolateral incision was used and non-cemented prosthesis was implanted. For prosthetic femoral head fixation, a guide pin was inserted into the capital center. After hollow boring hit drilling, a guide pole was inserted, and redundancy of femoral head was rasped off with cutterbar. The bone cement was painted on the femoral head and prosthesis, and the prosthesis was planted into the central axis hole of neck of femur until bone cement solidification. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by Harris hip score and statistical analysis was made. The X-ray was rechecked regularly. RESULTS: The mean duration of follow-up was 32 months (18 to 42 months). The average Harris hip score was improved significantly from preoperative 35.30 +/- 5.23 to postoperative 90.47 +/- 3.14, and the excellent and good rate was 90.5%. There were high statistical differences between preoperative and postoperative Harris score (P < 0.01). The X-ray showed radiolucent line around acetabular prostheses in two @entity1 but without prostheses loosening. CONCLUSION: Surface-replacement total hip arthroplasty is a satisfactory way for the treatment of @entity2738 in the middle-late phase, which can help reconstructing normal joint biomechanics and load transmission,improving joint stability and postponing @entity2445 without affecting later rebuilding, as well as some advantages such as decreasing surgical wound, convenient and low infection rate. Its indication is Ficat stage III and part Ficat stage IV femur @entity39 with less destroyed neck of femur,especially for young @entity1 having a large amount of activity.

title: [Surface-replacement total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['head necrosis']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although essential for postoperative recovery, excessive surgical stress response leads to higher rate of serious postoperative complications, such as @entity295 and @entity347 . Exact regulation of surgical stress response is not yet known. Still, our ability to modify surgical stress response severity has led to diminished postoperative morbidity and mortality rates and development of fast-track surgery. In this study we tried to further clarify the roles of several cytokines in surgical stress response regulation. METHODOLOGY: We measured leukocyte count and serum concentrations of @entity1851 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity310 , @entity379 and @entity701 in @entity1 undergoing gastrectomy or gastric resection for @entity356 . Blood samples were collected preoperatively, 3 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours postoperatively. We also grouped our @entity1 according to operation type and duration and then compared measured values between groups. RESULTS: Elevated postoperative leukocyte count and serum concentrations of @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity688 and @entity701 were measured, all peaking at 3 hours postoperatively. Also, serum @entity650 concentration was higher after longer operations, and leukocyte count was higher after gastrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The synchronicity of postoperative elevation of @entity3646 , @entity650 and @entity688 concentrations, each having different role in surgical stress response regulation, might indicate that, in order to determine surgical stress response severity, several cytokines should be measured simultaneously.

title: Serum cytokine changes after gastric resection or gastrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ disorder syndrome']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the relationships between the results of the cuff-leak test and the presence of @entity75 ; to assess whether lesions needing pharmacological treatment and surveillance can be predicted by the cuff-leak test; and to analyse the relationships between these lesions and postextubation stridor. METHODS: The present study is a preliminary, prospective, clinical investigation set in an 11-bed ICU of a university hospital. We studied 50 consecutive adult @entity1 admitted to the ICU and mechanically ventilated for more than 72 h. All @entity1 underwent cuff-leak test before extubation. A laryngoscopic inspection was performed after extubation to evaluate the presence and degrees of @entity75 . @entity75 were classified according to a 5-degree scale (0-4); @entity1 with clinical manifestations were pharmacologically treated and monitored. RESULTS: A threshold cuff-leak value of 0.07 l (21% of tidal volume) was determined by visual inspection of the receiver-operating characteristic plot. @entity1 were divided into a positive and a negative cuff-leak test group. Comparing the severity of @entity75 to the cuff-leak test, a relationship between higher degrees of lesions (degrees 3-4) and the positivity of the cuff-leak test (31.3% in the positive cuff-leak test group vs. 3.8% in the negative cuff-leak test group; P = 0.023) was observed. The positive and the negative predictive values were 25 and 96.1%, respectively. Only two cases of postextubation stridor were found, one in each group. There was no correlation between the results of the cuff-leak test and the occurrence of postextubation acute respiratory difficulties. CONCLUSION: Cuff-leak test is a simple, noninvasive tool, which may be useful to exclude, in @entity1 with prolonged intubations, the presence of laryngeal injuries needing medical treatment and close monitoring. This occurs independently of postextubation stridor.

title: Cuff-leak test predicts the severity of postextubation acute XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal lesions', 'Laryngeal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['laryngeal lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new low profile balloon septostomy catheter in neonatal animals as well as in one newborn @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Balloon @entity955 remains one of the most commonly performed palliative procedures in pediatric cardiology. The currently available septostomy catheter requires a large introducer sheath (6 or 7F), does not have an end hole for confirmation of position or pressure measurement and is limited in @entity1 with a small left atrium due to its large balloon inflated diameter. METHODS: Four neonatal piglets (average weight 3.9 kg) underwent percutaneous balloon @entity955 using the new balloon catheter inflated to 1 cc via a 5F sheath in the femoral vein. Two other piglets (average weight 4.9 kg) underwent septostomy with the conventional catheter inflated to 3.5 cc via a 6 or 7F sheath in the femoral vein. All animals underwent transthoracic echocardiography pre and post septostomy. All animals were sacrificed after the procedure and the size of the @entity118 created was measured. One neonate with @entity1147 underwent septostomy with the new balloon catheter. RESULTS: The left atrium was entered in all piglets. It was easier to enter the left atrium with an end hole catheter which was exchanged over a wire with the septostomy catheter. Septostomy was performed with the new or conventional catheters without complications. Echocardiography demonstrated a very small patent foramen ovale prior to the procedure and a large @entity118 after septostomy. The average size of the defect created by the new catheter was 11.3 x 10 mm in diameter and 11 x 10 mm using the conventional catheter. A 10 x 10 mm atrial communication was created in the neonate. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of this new catheter. This catheter will be of potential importance in @entity1 with a small left atrium and in small neonates with @entity299 requiring septostomy.

title: A new low profile balloon XXXX catheter: initial animal and clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1147 :: ('MESH:D004310', 'Disease') :: ['Taussig-Bing anomaly']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septostomy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial defect']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial septostomy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether amateur golfers with self-reported @entity1643 have reduced @entity717 compared to asymptomatic controls. DESIGN: Observational case-control study. SETTING: Data collection took place at 2 amateur golf clubs in southern England. @entity1 : On initial contact, all @entity1 completed a screening questionnaire used to allocate @entity1 into @entity5752 (n=28) and control groups (n=36). @entity5752 group were found to be heavier than controls (t=2.242, 95% CI 0.763-13.332) but were matched for age, height, handedness, handicap, rounds played per week and years of play. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measures were lead and non-lead hip medial and lateral rotation in 0 degrees of flexion as measured by inclinometer. Secondary measures included inter and intra-rater reliability. RESULTS: The @entity5752 group had significantly reduced lead hip passive ( @entity5752 21.14+/-10.17 degrees; controls 31.06+/-8.06 degrees, t=-4.228, 95% CI -14.621--5.205) and lead hip active medial rotation ( @entity5752 21.46+/-10.01; controls 28.06+/-7.49 degrees, t=-2.908, 95% CI -11.147--2.036) compared to controls. No between group differences were found in non-lead hips or any passive or active lateral rotation measures. CONCLUSION: Although there is lack of causality between @entity5752 and @entity717 , the deficit in lead leg medial @entity717 in amateur golfers who suffer @entity5752 may be relevant for screening or treatment selection.

title: The relationship between @entity717 and XXXX prevalence in amateur golfers: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['hip rotation']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether amateur golfers with self-reported @entity1643 have reduced @entity717 compared to asymptomatic controls. DESIGN: Observational case-control study. SETTING: Data collection took place at 2 amateur golf clubs in southern England. @entity1 : On initial contact, all @entity1 completed a screening questionnaire used to allocate @entity1 into @entity5752 (n=28) and control groups (n=36). @entity5752 group were found to be heavier than controls (t=2.242, 95% CI 0.763-13.332) but were matched for age, height, handedness, handicap, rounds played per week and years of play. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measures were lead and non-lead hip medial and lateral rotation in 0 degrees of flexion as measured by inclinometer. Secondary measures included inter and intra-rater reliability. RESULTS: The @entity5752 group had significantly reduced lead hip passive ( @entity5752 21.14+/-10.17 degrees; controls 31.06+/-8.06 degrees, t=-4.228, 95% CI -14.621--5.205) and lead hip active medial rotation ( @entity5752 21.46+/-10.01; controls 28.06+/-7.49 degrees, t=-2.908, 95% CI -11.147--2.036) compared to controls. No between group differences were found in non-lead hips or any passive or active lateral rotation measures. CONCLUSION: Although there is lack of causality between @entity5752 and @entity717 , the deficit in lead leg medial @entity717 in amateur golfers who suffer @entity5752 may be relevant for screening or treatment selection.

title: The relationship between XXXX and @entity1643 prevalence in amateur golfers: an observational study.

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['hip rotation range of movement']


abstract: @entity15675 is a modified form of @entity1 placental glucocerebrosidase used as enzyme replacement therapy for @entity1 with @entity1120 , in whom functional glucocerebrosidase is deficient. @entity15675 has provided a breakthrough in treatment for @entity1 with this relatively rare disease. With @entity15675 infusions typical disease manifestations are ameliorated or normalised: @entity828 is reduced, haematological parameters improve, and @entity1 experience an increased quality of life usually within 4 to 6 months of treatment. Parameters of @entity79 also respond, but generally over a longer period of treatment. @entity15675 is well tolerated by @entity1 and adults, with few adverse effects reported. Seroconversion occurs in approximately 15% of @entity1 on high-dose therapy, but does not appear to affect the efficacy of treatment. Several dosage regimens have been used to deliver @entity15675 , and the comparative benefits of these remain controversial. High-dose regimens of 60 IU/kg bodyweight administered every 2 weeks are clearly effective; however, smaller dosages given more frequently are also effective and incur a greatly reduced acquisition cost. @entity1 responses are variable, and the dosage regimen should be tailored to individual needs. Dosage regimens may be considerably reduced for the maintenance phase of treatment, but clinical experience is as yet insufficient to establish the minimum dosages required in the long term. Acquisition cost of @entity15675 is  US3.70 per unit (1994 US dollars); thus, a dosage regimen of 60 IU/kg bodyweight administered every 2 weeks for a @entity1 weighing 70kg costs  US404,040 per year. The minimal costs per quality-adjusted life year saved (QALY) have been estimated for 3 dosage regimens over a 10-year period. Cost per QALY was  US147,000 for 60 IU/kg bodyweight administered every 2 weeks,  US75,000 for 30 IU/kg every 2 weeks, and  US49,000 for 2.3 IU/kg administered 3 times per week. These costs were calculated assuming immediate death with no treatment, which suggests that the actual costs per QALY for most @entity1 with type 1 or 3 disease are likely to be much higher. Drug administration costs may become a significant part of the cost during maintenance therapy; in addition, possible cost savings due to increased @entity1 productivity and reduced palliative treatments remain unresolved. Although some @entity1 may obtain increased benefit from high-dosage regimens, the very high cost may preclude general use of these regimens. Healthcare resources consumed by @entity15675 therapy represent a large opportunity cost for other therapeutic areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity15675 . A pharmacoeconomic appraisal of its use in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity15675 :: ('2629', 'Gene') :: ['alglucerase', 'Alglucerase']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ["Gaucher's disease"]

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher's disease']