abstract: @entity11807 ( @entity11807 ) is a @entity74 with predisposition to @entity2131 and @entity5 . @entity56 to cross-linking agents is a cellular feature used to confirm the diagnosis. The mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive (12 subtypes) as well as X-linked (one subtype). Most genetic subtypes have initially been defined as "complementation groups" by cell fusion studies. Here we report a comprehensive genetic subtyping approach for @entity11807 that is primarily based on mutation screening, supplemented by protein expression analysis and by functional assays to test for pathogenicity of unclassified variants. Of 80 @entity11807 cases analyzed, 73 (91%) were successfully subtyped. In total, 92 distinct mutations were detected, of which 56 were novel (40 in @entity2864 , eight in @entity7366 , two in @entity2674 , three in @entity53262 , one in @entity47937 , and three in @entity24363 ). All known complementation groups were represented, except D2, J, L, and M. Three @entity1 could not be classified because proliferating cell cultures from the probands were lacking. In cell lines from the remaining four @entity1 , immunoblotting was used to determine their capacity to monoubiquitinate @entity24749 . In one case @entity24749 monoubiquitination was normal, indicating a defect downstream. In the remaining three cases monoubiquitination was not detectable, indicating a defect upstream. In the latter four @entity1 , pathogenic mutations in a known @entity11807 gene may have been missed, or these @entity1 might represent novel genetic subtypes. We conclude that direct mutation screening allows a molecular diagnosis of @entity11807 in the vast majority of @entity1 , even in cases where growing cells from affected individuals are unavailable. Proliferating cell lines are required in a minority (<15%) of the @entity1 , to allow testing for @entity24749 ubiquitination status and sequencing of @entity24749 using cDNA, to avoid interference from pseudogenes.

title: Genetic subtyping of XXXX by comprehensive mutation screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recessively inherited syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anemia', 'FA']

answer: @entity11807 :: (MESH:D005199,Disease) :: ['Fanconi anemia']


abstract: @entity5132 drug resistance protein 1 ( @entity7958 ), an @entity855 -dependent drug efflux pump, contributes to multidrug resistance in Candida-infected immunocompromised @entity1 . Previous cell-based assays suggested that @entity7958 also acts as a phospholipid translocator. To investigate this, we reconstituted purified @entity7958 into sealed membrane vesicles. Comparison of the ATPase activities of sealed and permeabilized proteoliposomes indicated that @entity7958 was asymmetrically reconstituted such that approximately 70% of the molecules had their @entity855 binding sites accessible to the extravesicular space. Fluorescent glycerophospholipids were incorporated into the outer leaflet of the proteoliposomes, and their transport into the inner leaflet was tracked with a quenching assay using membrane-impermeant dithionite. We observed @entity855 -dependent transport of the fluorescent lipids into the inner leaflet of the vesicles. With approximately 6 molecules of @entity7958 per vesicle on average, the half-time to reach the maximal extent of transport was approximately 15 min. Transport was reduced in vesicles reconstituted with @entity7958 variants with impaired ATPase activity and could be competed out to different levels by a molar excess of drugs such as @entity2380 and @entity5897 that are known to be effluxed by @entity7958 . Transport was not affected by @entity869 , a compound that is not effluxed by @entity7958 . Our results suggest a direct link between the ability of @entity7958 to translocate fluorescent phospholipids and efflux drugs. We note that only a few members of the ABC superfamily of Candida have a well-defined role as drug exporters; thus, lipid translocation mediated by @entity7958 could reflect its cellular function.

title: Candida drug resistance protein 1, a major multidrug XXXX binding cassette transporter of @entity5132 , translocates fluorescent phospholipids in a reconstituted system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5897 :: ('MESH:D008825', 'Chemical') :: ['miconazole']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: @entity5132 drug resistance protein 1 ( @entity7958 ), an @entity855 -dependent drug efflux pump, contributes to multidrug resistance in Candida-infected immunocompromised @entity1 . Previous cell-based assays suggested that @entity7958 also acts as a phospholipid translocator. To investigate this, we reconstituted purified @entity7958 into sealed membrane vesicles. Comparison of the ATPase activities of sealed and permeabilized proteoliposomes indicated that @entity7958 was asymmetrically reconstituted such that approximately 70% of the molecules had their @entity855 binding sites accessible to the extravesicular space. Fluorescent glycerophospholipids were incorporated into the outer leaflet of the proteoliposomes, and their transport into the inner leaflet was tracked with a quenching assay using membrane-impermeant dithionite. We observed @entity855 -dependent transport of the fluorescent lipids into the inner leaflet of the vesicles. With approximately 6 molecules of @entity7958 per vesicle on average, the half-time to reach the maximal extent of transport was approximately 15 min. Transport was reduced in vesicles reconstituted with @entity7958 variants with impaired ATPase activity and could be competed out to different levels by a molar excess of drugs such as @entity2380 and @entity5897 that are known to be effluxed by @entity7958 . Transport was not affected by @entity869 , a compound that is not effluxed by @entity7958 . Our results suggest a direct link between the ability of @entity7958 to translocate fluorescent phospholipids and efflux drugs. We note that only a few members of the ABC superfamily of Candida have a well-defined role as drug exporters; thus, lipid translocation mediated by @entity7958 could reflect its cellular function.

title: Candida drug resistance protein 1, a major multidrug @entity855 binding cassette transporter of XXXX , translocates fluorescent phospholipids in a reconstituted system.

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The subgroups and symptom characteristics of @entity354 ( @entity354 ) based on acid and duodenogastroesophageal reflux may be different in Chinese @entity1 to Western @entity1 . This study aimed to explore the stratification and symptom characteristics of @entity1 with @entity354 . METHODS: @entity1 with typical heartburn and/or acid regurgitation symptoms were enrolled. Each @entity1 filled out a questionnaire. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed for each @entity1 followed by simultaneous ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH and Bilitec ( @entity648 ) monitoring. A symptom index (SI) of > or =50% was considered to be positive. RESULTS: Eighty-two consecutive @entity354 @entity1 were evaluated. Abnormal ( @entity354 pH+) and normal ( @entity354 pH-) 24-h pH tests were found in 24 (29.3%) and 58 (70.7%) @entity1 , respectively. Among 42 @entity354 pH- @entity1 who reported heartburn symptoms during monitoring, SI was positive in 19 (45.2%) @entity1 (NE-SI+) and negative in 23 (54.8%) @entity1 (NE-SI-). Pathological duodenogastroesophageal reflux (DGER) was found in 43 (52.4%) @entity1 . No significant differences were noted regarding the prevalence of other @entity344 , except for acid regurgitation in @entity354 pH+ and @entity354 pH- groups. Additionally, no significant differences were seen in the prevalence of other symptoms, except for @entity662 , in groups with pathological and normal DGER. CONCLUSION: The proportion of @entity354 @entity1 with pathological acid reflux was somewhat lower than that reported in Western countries. The role of DGER in @entity354 may be important. It is difficult to differentiate whether @entity354 @entity1 have pathological acid or bile reflux according to symptoms.

title: Stratification and symptom characteristics of XXXX based on acid and duodenogastroesophageal reflux.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['NERD', 'non-erosive reflux disease']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['non-erosive reflux disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine interactions between demographic, @entity158 , urinary, psychological and environmental predictors of quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 with chronic @entity1069 /chronic @entity2371 ( @entity2723 /CPPS). @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 253 @entity1 previously enrolled in the National Institutes of Health @entity1069 Cohort study in North American tertiary-care clinical centres (six in the USA and one in Canada) self-reported with validated instruments, including the QOL subscales of the Short Form-12 (physical, SF12-PCS; and mental, SF12-MCS), demographics, urinary symptoms, @entity308 , current @entity158 , @entity158 coping, 'catastrophizing' (catastrophic thinking about @entity158 ), @entity158 control, social support and solicitous responses from a partner. Data were collected through a one-time survey. Covariates determined to be significant were entered into a multivariable regression model predicting SF12-PCS and SF12-MCS. RESULTS: Adjusting for covariates, regression models showed that poorer SF12-PCS scores were predicted by worse urinary function (P < 0.001) and increased use of @entity158 -contingent resting as a coping strategy (P = 0.026). Further, poorer SF12-MCS scores were predicted by greater @entity158 catastrophizing (P = 0.002) and lower perceptions of social support (P< 0.001). In separate follow-up analyses, helplessness was the significant catastrophizing subscale (P < 0.001), while support from family and friends were the significant social support subscales (P = 0.002 and <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that specific coping and environmental factors (i.e. catastrophizing, @entity158 -contingent resting, social support) are significant in understanding how @entity1 with @entity2723 /CPPS adjust. These data can be used to develop specific cognitive-behavioural programmes for @entity1 with @entity2723 /CPPS who are refractory to standard medical therapy.

title: Psychosocial variables affect the quality of life of @entity1 diagnosed with chronic @entity1069 /chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Prostatitis', 'prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain syndrome']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine interactions between demographic, @entity158 , urinary, psychological and environmental predictors of quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 with chronic @entity1069 /chronic @entity2371 ( @entity2723 /CPPS). @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 253 @entity1 previously enrolled in the National Institutes of Health @entity1069 Cohort study in North American tertiary-care clinical centres (six in the USA and one in Canada) self-reported with validated instruments, including the QOL subscales of the Short Form-12 (physical, SF12-PCS; and mental, SF12-MCS), demographics, urinary symptoms, @entity308 , current @entity158 , @entity158 coping, 'catastrophizing' (catastrophic thinking about @entity158 ), @entity158 control, social support and solicitous responses from a partner. Data were collected through a one-time survey. Covariates determined to be significant were entered into a multivariable regression model predicting SF12-PCS and SF12-MCS. RESULTS: Adjusting for covariates, regression models showed that poorer SF12-PCS scores were predicted by worse urinary function (P < 0.001) and increased use of @entity158 -contingent resting as a coping strategy (P = 0.026). Further, poorer SF12-MCS scores were predicted by greater @entity158 catastrophizing (P = 0.002) and lower perceptions of social support (P< 0.001). In separate follow-up analyses, helplessness was the significant catastrophizing subscale (P < 0.001), while support from family and friends were the significant social support subscales (P = 0.002 and <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that specific coping and environmental factors (i.e. catastrophizing, @entity158 -contingent resting, social support) are significant in understanding how @entity1 with @entity2723 /CPPS adjust. These data can be used to develop specific cognitive-behavioural programmes for @entity1 with @entity2723 /CPPS who are refractory to standard medical therapy.

title: Psychosocial variables affect the quality of life of @entity1 diagnosed with chronic XXXX /chronic @entity2371 .

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine interactions between demographic, @entity158 , urinary, psychological and environmental predictors of quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 with chronic @entity1069 /chronic @entity2371 ( @entity2723 /CPPS). @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 253 @entity1 previously enrolled in the National Institutes of Health @entity1069 Cohort study in North American tertiary-care clinical centres (six in the USA and one in Canada) self-reported with validated instruments, including the QOL subscales of the Short Form-12 (physical, SF12-PCS; and mental, SF12-MCS), demographics, urinary symptoms, @entity308 , current @entity158 , @entity158 coping, 'catastrophizing' (catastrophic thinking about @entity158 ), @entity158 control, social support and solicitous responses from a partner. Data were collected through a one-time survey. Covariates determined to be significant were entered into a multivariable regression model predicting SF12-PCS and SF12-MCS. RESULTS: Adjusting for covariates, regression models showed that poorer SF12-PCS scores were predicted by worse urinary function (P < 0.001) and increased use of @entity158 -contingent resting as a coping strategy (P = 0.026). Further, poorer SF12-MCS scores were predicted by greater @entity158 catastrophizing (P = 0.002) and lower perceptions of social support (P< 0.001). In separate follow-up analyses, helplessness was the significant catastrophizing subscale (P < 0.001), while support from family and friends were the significant social support subscales (P = 0.002 and <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that specific coping and environmental factors (i.e. catastrophizing, @entity158 -contingent resting, social support) are significant in understanding how @entity1 with @entity2723 /CPPS adjust. These data can be used to develop specific cognitive-behavioural programmes for @entity1 with @entity2723 /CPPS who are refractory to standard medical therapy.

title: Psychosocial variables affect the quality of life of XXXX diagnosed with chronic @entity1069 /chronic @entity2371 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the value of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and the requirement for additional anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of severe @entity5502 associated with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). METHODS: Institutional study of 35 consecutive @entity1 with @entity4932 started on @entity1500 as the single systemic immunosuppressive drug for the treatment of associated @entity5502 . The clinical epidemiologic data, course of visual acuity (VA), development of complications, and the need for additional anti-inflammatory drugs were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean follow-up with @entity1500 treatment was 27.6 months. @entity532 were present in 31 @entity1 before @entity1500 treatment. With @entity1500 , quiescence of @entity1596 was obtained with (n=21) or without (n=4) additional topical steroids. Additional systemic immunosuppressive drugs were required in another 7 @entity1 : @entity205 (n=4), @entity500 (n=1), infliximab (n=1), or etanercept (n=1). Three @entity1 had active @entity1596 at the end of the follow-up period. During @entity1500 therapy, @entity1596 first developed in the unaffected fellow eyes in 2 @entity1 , and secondary @entity726 or @entity2790 occurred in 7 @entity1 . The VA deteriorated in 6, improved in 13, and was stable in the remaining eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that @entity1500 is very effective in controlling inflammation of @entity1596 in @entity1 with @entity4932 . However, additional topical @entity230 or systemic immunosuppressive drugs are often required.

title: XXXX for @entity1596 associated with @entity4932 : value and requirement for additional anti-inflammatory medication.

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitic complications']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis', 'chronic iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['Methotrexate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the value of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and the requirement for additional anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of severe @entity5502 associated with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). METHODS: Institutional study of 35 consecutive @entity1 with @entity4932 started on @entity1500 as the single systemic immunosuppressive drug for the treatment of associated @entity5502 . The clinical epidemiologic data, course of visual acuity (VA), development of complications, and the need for additional anti-inflammatory drugs were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean follow-up with @entity1500 treatment was 27.6 months. @entity532 were present in 31 @entity1 before @entity1500 treatment. With @entity1500 , quiescence of @entity1596 was obtained with (n=21) or without (n=4) additional topical steroids. Additional systemic immunosuppressive drugs were required in another 7 @entity1 : @entity205 (n=4), @entity500 (n=1), infliximab (n=1), or etanercept (n=1). Three @entity1 had active @entity1596 at the end of the follow-up period. During @entity1500 therapy, @entity1596 first developed in the unaffected fellow eyes in 2 @entity1 , and secondary @entity726 or @entity2790 occurred in 7 @entity1 . The VA deteriorated in 6, improved in 13, and was stable in the remaining eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that @entity1500 is very effective in controlling inflammation of @entity1596 in @entity1 with @entity4932 . However, additional topical @entity230 or systemic immunosuppressive drugs are often required.

title: @entity1499 for XXXX associated with @entity4932 : value and requirement for additional anti-inflammatory medication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the value of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and the requirement for additional anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of severe @entity5502 associated with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). METHODS: Institutional study of 35 consecutive @entity1 with @entity4932 started on @entity1500 as the single systemic immunosuppressive drug for the treatment of associated @entity5502 . The clinical epidemiologic data, course of visual acuity (VA), development of complications, and the need for additional anti-inflammatory drugs were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean follow-up with @entity1500 treatment was 27.6 months. @entity532 were present in 31 @entity1 before @entity1500 treatment. With @entity1500 , quiescence of @entity1596 was obtained with (n=21) or without (n=4) additional topical steroids. Additional systemic immunosuppressive drugs were required in another 7 @entity1 : @entity205 (n=4), @entity500 (n=1), infliximab (n=1), or etanercept (n=1). Three @entity1 had active @entity1596 at the end of the follow-up period. During @entity1500 therapy, @entity1596 first developed in the unaffected fellow eyes in 2 @entity1 , and secondary @entity726 or @entity2790 occurred in 7 @entity1 . The VA deteriorated in 6, improved in 13, and was stable in the remaining eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that @entity1500 is very effective in controlling inflammation of @entity1596 in @entity1 with @entity4932 . However, additional topical @entity230 or systemic immunosuppressive drugs are often required.

title: @entity1499 for @entity1596 associated with XXXX : value and requirement for additional anti-inflammatory medication.

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity661 ( @entity661 ) in its typical (apical) and atypical (non-apical) forms is being increasingly recognized in the West owing to early systematic coronary angiography in @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess the incidence, the clinical characteristics and the outcome of @entity661 in a single high volume cath lab in Southern Italy over the last 6 years. METHODS: Among 1674 consecutive @entity1 (pts) referred to our coronary care units in the last 6 years (2001-2006) for @entity1187 we selected 6 (0.5%) pts (6 @entity1 ; age 57 +/- 6 years) who fulfilled the following 4 criteria: 1) transient left ventricular wall motion abnormalities resulting in ballooning at contrast ventricolographic or echocardiographic evaluation; 2) normal coronary artery on coronary angiography performed 5 +/- 9 hours from hospitalization; 3) new @entity2806 (either ST-segment elevation or T-wave inversion) and 4) emotional or physical trigger event. RESULTS: At admission all pts had presumptive diagnosis of @entity1187 and ECG revealed ST elevation in 3 (50%) and T wave inversion with @entity1162 in 3 (50%). In the acute phase @entity1455 occurred in 2 (33%) and @entity712 in 1(16%). Presenting symptoms were @entity662 in 6 (100%), dyspnoea in 2 (33%) and lipotimia in 1 (16%). At echocardiographic-ventricolographic assessment, the mechanical dysfunction (ballooning) was apical in all 6 pts ("classic" @entity661 ). In all @entity1 wall motion abnormalities completely reversed within 4.5 +/- 1.5 days. The region of initial recovery was the anterior and lateral wall in 4 cases and the lateral wall in 2 cases. Ejection fraction was 35 +/- 8% in the acute phase and increased progressively at discharge (55 +/- 6%) and at 41 +/- 20 months follow-up (60 +/- 4%, p < 0.001 vs. baseline). All @entity1 remained asymptomatic with minimal ( @entity117 , beta blockers, antihypertensive and antidislipidemic therapy) treatment. CONCLUSION: Classic @entity661 is a frequent serendipitous diagnosis after coronary angiography showed "surprisingly" normal findings in a clinical setting mimicking an @entity1187 . Despite its long-term good prognosis life threatening complications in the acute phase can occur.

title: Stress induced cardiomyopathy presenting as XXXX : Tako-Tsubo in Mercogliano, Southern Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['electrocardiographic ischemic-like abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Tako-tsubo syndrome', 'TTS']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT elongation']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Adenectomy via transsphenoidal surgery is considered the treatment of choice for @entity699 . It is successful in about 80% of @entity1 in the hands of an experienced surgeon. When transsphenoidal surgery fails or is contraindicated, a second-line treatment must be chosen. The review focuses on second-line treatment options. RECENT FINDINGS: Repeat pituitary surgery results in the cure of @entity699 in about 50% of cases. Bilateral adrenalectomy results in resolution of hypercortisolemia in almost all @entity1 , but leaves the @entity1 glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficient. @entity2014 , depending on the definition, occurs in up to 35% of these @entity1 . Irradiation of the residual @entity977 typically takes several years before the full effect is realized; it can cause @entity7961 . Finally, pharmacologic treatment of persistent hypercortisolemia can be effective, but is often associated with untoward side effects. These side effects are a powerful deterrent to its use. Several new pharmacologic agents are being studied and show some promise. SUMMARY: Each of the second-line treatments for @entity699 currently available can be effective at treating @entity699 , but each has significant limitations. New pharmacologic agents may soon offer some very exciting treatment options.

title: Second-line treatment for XXXX when initial pituitary surgery is unsuccessful.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity2014 :: ('MESH:D009347', 'Disease') :: ["Nelson's syndrome"]

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This trial was conducted as part of a project that aims to enhance public understanding and use of research in decisions about healthcare by enabling viewers to participate in research and to follow the process, through television reports and on the web. Valerian is an herbal over-the-counter drug that is widely used for @entity22 . Systematic reviews have found inconsistent and inconclusive results about its effects. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited through a weekly nationally televised health program in Norway. Enrolment and data collection were over the Internet. 405 @entity1 who were 18 to 75 years old and had @entity22 completed a two week diary-keeping run-in period without treatment and were randomised and mailed valerian or placebo tablets for two weeks. All @entity1 and investigators were blind to treatment until after the analysis was completed. FINDINGS: For the primary outcome of a minimally important improvement in self-reported sleep quality (> or = 0.5 units on a 7 point scale), the difference between the valerian group (29%) and the placebo group (21%) was not statistically significant (difference 7.5%; 95% CI-0.9 to 15.9; p = 0.08). On the global self-assessment question at the end of the treatment period 5.5% (95% CI 0.2 to 10.8) more @entity1 in the valerian group perceived their sleep as better or much better (p = 0.04). There were similar trends favouring the valerian group for night awakenings (difference = 6.0%, 95% CI-0.5 to 12.5) and sleep duration (difference = 7.5%, 95% CI-1.0 to 16.1). There were no serious adverse events and no important or statistically significant differences in minor adverse events. INTERPRETATION: Based on this and previous studies, valerian appears to be safe, but with modest beneficial effects at most on @entity22 compared to placebo. The combined use of television and the Internet in randomised trials offers opportunities to answer questions about the effects of health care interventions and to improve public understanding and use of randomised trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN72748991.

title: A televised, web-based randomised trial of an herbal remedy (valerian) for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: We present a case of a @entity1 with unique multisystem @entity7555 and @entity4903 coexisting with it. The POEMS acronym comprises the dominant features: @entity305 , @entity7555 , @entity2744 , monoclonal protein ( @entity10805 ), skin changes. Association between @entity1581 and @entity305 , was described in 1956 year by Crow. The main features were coined in the acronym POEMS by Bardwick in 1980 year. The polysymptomatic clinical picture, progressive course and no-concurrent manifestations of main features impede the diagnosis. In this case, the first symptoms were the sensomotor @entity305 , @entity4 , @entity79 , skin changes, @entity7555 . They preceded diagnosis by 3 years. The first @entity2744 was @entity1375 . Definite diagnosis was delayed because we couldn't detect the presence of @entity10805 . Immunoelectrophoresis didn't detect it, but analysis by immunofixation detected @entity10805 in serum and urine. Within 3 years of the first symptoms, she developed @entity6126 hypergonadotropic. At first, the monotherapy with @entity288 was used, then--melfalan with @entity229 . Due to the progression of the disease, a @entity2816 was used in therapy (it is anti- @entity7 agent). One of the side effects of the treatment of @entity2816 is the progression of @entity305 , which was observed in this @entity1 . After finishing this therapy she received chemotherapy. This case report imposes the necessity of constants observation of @entity1 with @entity7555 because there is a possibility of their developing other disorders. In the event of coexistence @entity305 and @entity1581 , this disease should be taken into consideration.

title: [The @entity7555 with coexisting XXXX --case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell dyscrasia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral oedema']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteosclerotic bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['organomegaly', 'disorder--POEMS syndrome', 'POEMS syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2744 :: (MESH:C567425,Disease) :: ['endocrinopathy']


abstract: We present a case of a @entity1 with unique multisystem @entity7555 and @entity4903 coexisting with it. The POEMS acronym comprises the dominant features: @entity305 , @entity7555 , @entity2744 , monoclonal protein ( @entity10805 ), skin changes. Association between @entity1581 and @entity305 , was described in 1956 year by Crow. The main features were coined in the acronym POEMS by Bardwick in 1980 year. The polysymptomatic clinical picture, progressive course and no-concurrent manifestations of main features impede the diagnosis. In this case, the first symptoms were the sensomotor @entity305 , @entity4 , @entity79 , skin changes, @entity7555 . They preceded diagnosis by 3 years. The first @entity2744 was @entity1375 . Definite diagnosis was delayed because we couldn't detect the presence of @entity10805 . Immunoelectrophoresis didn't detect it, but analysis by immunofixation detected @entity10805 in serum and urine. Within 3 years of the first symptoms, she developed @entity6126 hypergonadotropic. At first, the monotherapy with @entity288 was used, then--melfalan with @entity229 . Due to the progression of the disease, a @entity2816 was used in therapy (it is anti- @entity7 agent). One of the side effects of the treatment of @entity2816 is the progression of @entity305 , which was observed in this @entity1 . After finishing this therapy she received chemotherapy. This case report imposes the necessity of constants observation of @entity1 with @entity7555 because there is a possibility of their developing other disorders. In the event of coexistence @entity305 and @entity1581 , this disease should be taken into consideration.

title: [The XXXX with coexisting @entity2744 --case report].

answer: @entity7555 :: (MESH:D016878,Disease) :: ['POEMS syndrome']


abstract: A 9-week-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the pediatric clinic after 12 hours of @entity221 and @entity294 . On admission he had a @entity221 of 40 degrees C, @entity2490 and moderate @entity294 . Blood tests were normal, except for elevated @entity1851 (89 mg/L). The tentative diagnosis was @entity1800 , and peroral rehydration with a hypertone @entity413 -salt-mixture was started. @entity1851 reached a maximum of 199 mg/L, and the @entity1 stayed febrile throughout the next days. Stool examination revealed Enterovirus. After several clinical examinations, findings included a reactive cervical glandular node and mild @entity2024 . When the @entity1 had been febrile for five days, he was admitted to an echocardiography, which showed dilated coronary arteries with abnormal caliber variations and a small amount of pericardial fluid. Since he fulfilled only three of the five criteria of classical @entity573 , he was diagnosed as having neonatal, incomplete @entity573 . @entity573 is an immunologic @entity1333 that appears mainly in @entity1 between three months and 12 years of age. Only 2% of @entity1 with @entity573 are less than three months old. Neonates with @entity573 often have an atypical presentation of symptoms and have a particular risk of developing @entity574 with potentially fatal outcome. With this case-report we will stress the importance of considering @entity573 in neonates with @entity221 of unknown origin.

title: [A 9-week-old @entity1 with @entity221 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: A 9-week-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the pediatric clinic after 12 hours of @entity221 and @entity294 . On admission he had a @entity221 of 40 degrees C, @entity2490 and moderate @entity294 . Blood tests were normal, except for elevated @entity1851 (89 mg/L). The tentative diagnosis was @entity1800 , and peroral rehydration with a hypertone @entity413 -salt-mixture was started. @entity1851 reached a maximum of 199 mg/L, and the @entity1 stayed febrile throughout the next days. Stool examination revealed Enterovirus. After several clinical examinations, findings included a reactive cervical glandular node and mild @entity2024 . When the @entity1 had been febrile for five days, he was admitted to an echocardiography, which showed dilated coronary arteries with abnormal caliber variations and a small amount of pericardial fluid. Since he fulfilled only three of the five criteria of classical @entity573 , he was diagnosed as having neonatal, incomplete @entity573 . @entity573 is an immunologic @entity1333 that appears mainly in @entity1 between three months and 12 years of age. Only 2% of @entity1 with @entity573 are less than three months old. Neonates with @entity573 often have an atypical presentation of symptoms and have a particular risk of developing @entity574 with potentially fatal outcome. With this case-report we will stress the importance of considering @entity573 in neonates with @entity221 of unknown origin.

title: [A 9-week-old @entity1 with XXXX and @entity294 ].

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: A 9-week-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the pediatric clinic after 12 hours of @entity221 and @entity294 . On admission he had a @entity221 of 40 degrees C, @entity2490 and moderate @entity294 . Blood tests were normal, except for elevated @entity1851 (89 mg/L). The tentative diagnosis was @entity1800 , and peroral rehydration with a hypertone @entity413 -salt-mixture was started. @entity1851 reached a maximum of 199 mg/L, and the @entity1 stayed febrile throughout the next days. Stool examination revealed Enterovirus. After several clinical examinations, findings included a reactive cervical glandular node and mild @entity2024 . When the @entity1 had been febrile for five days, he was admitted to an echocardiography, which showed dilated coronary arteries with abnormal caliber variations and a small amount of pericardial fluid. Since he fulfilled only three of the five criteria of classical @entity573 , he was diagnosed as having neonatal, incomplete @entity573 . @entity573 is an immunologic @entity1333 that appears mainly in @entity1 between three months and 12 years of age. Only 2% of @entity1 with @entity573 are less than three months old. Neonates with @entity573 often have an atypical presentation of symptoms and have a particular risk of developing @entity574 with potentially fatal outcome. With this case-report we will stress the importance of considering @entity573 in neonates with @entity221 of unknown origin.

title: [A 9-week-old XXXX with @entity221 and @entity294 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity548 risk varies depending on which P2Y12 receptor inhibitor agent is used. BACKGROUND: Prior studies have shown significant @entity548 risk among @entity1 treated with triple therapy (i.e., oral anticoagulant, P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, and @entity117 ). METHODS: We evaluated @entity1 with acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at 233 hospitals in the United States enrolled in the TRANSLATE-ACS (Treatment with @entity859 Diphosphate Receptor Inhibitors: Longitudinal Assessment of Treatment Patterns and Events After Acute @entity301 ) study  (April 2010 to October 2012). Using inverse probability-weighted propensity modeling, we compared 6-month adjusted risks of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) @entity548 , stratifying by whether or not @entity548 was  associated with rehospitalization among @entity1 discharged on @entity117  + anticoagulant  + @entity1397 (triple-C), @entity117  + anticoagulant  + @entity3076 (triple-P), @entity117  + @entity1397 (dual-C), or @entity117  + @entity3076 (dual-P). RESULTS: Of 11,756 @entity583 @entity1 , 526 (4.5%) were discharged on triple-C, 91 (0.8%) on triple-P, 7,715 (66%) on dual-C, and 3,424 (29%) on dual-P. Compared with dual-therapy @entity1 , triple-therapy @entity1 had significantly higher any BARC-defined @entity548 . @entity6629 was associated with a greater risk of any BARC-defined @entity548 events compared with triple-C. This finding was driven mostly by an increased risk of @entity548 events that were @entity1 -reported only and did not require rehospitalization. There were no significant differences in @entity548 requiring rehospitalization between the triple-P and -C groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity583 @entity1 , the addition of an oral anticoagulant was associated with a significantly greater risk of any BARC-defined @entity548 relative to dual antiplatelet therapy, regardless of which P2Y12 receptor inhibitor was selected. Among @entity1 on triple therapy, @entity3076 use was associated with higher @entity1 -reported-only @entity548 , but not @entity548 requiring rehospitalization, than @entity1397 -treated @entity1 .

title: Outcomes of @entity1 With Acute  @entity583 Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Receiving an Oral Anticoagulant and  Dual  Antiplatelet Therapy: A Comparison of @entity1397 Versus XXXX From the TRANSLATE-ACS Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3076 :: ('MESH:C408153', 'Chemical') :: ['prasugrel']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity3076 :: (MESH:C408153,Chemical) :: ['Prasugrel']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity548 risk varies depending on which P2Y12 receptor inhibitor agent is used. BACKGROUND: Prior studies have shown significant @entity548 risk among @entity1 treated with triple therapy (i.e., oral anticoagulant, P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, and @entity117 ). METHODS: We evaluated @entity1 with acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at 233 hospitals in the United States enrolled in the TRANSLATE-ACS (Treatment with @entity859 Diphosphate Receptor Inhibitors: Longitudinal Assessment of Treatment Patterns and Events After Acute @entity301 ) study  (April 2010 to October 2012). Using inverse probability-weighted propensity modeling, we compared 6-month adjusted risks of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) @entity548 , stratifying by whether or not @entity548 was  associated with rehospitalization among @entity1 discharged on @entity117  + anticoagulant  + @entity1397 (triple-C), @entity117  + anticoagulant  + @entity3076 (triple-P), @entity117  + @entity1397 (dual-C), or @entity117  + @entity3076 (dual-P). RESULTS: Of 11,756 @entity583 @entity1 , 526 (4.5%) were discharged on triple-C, 91 (0.8%) on triple-P, 7,715 (66%) on dual-C, and 3,424 (29%) on dual-P. Compared with dual-therapy @entity1 , triple-therapy @entity1 had significantly higher any BARC-defined @entity548 . @entity6629 was associated with a greater risk of any BARC-defined @entity548 events compared with triple-C. This finding was driven mostly by an increased risk of @entity548 events that were @entity1 -reported only and did not require rehospitalization. There were no significant differences in @entity548 requiring rehospitalization between the triple-P and -C groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity583 @entity1 , the addition of an oral anticoagulant was associated with a significantly greater risk of any BARC-defined @entity548 relative to dual antiplatelet therapy, regardless of which P2Y12 receptor inhibitor was selected. Among @entity1 on triple therapy, @entity3076 use was associated with higher @entity1 -reported-only @entity548 , but not @entity548 requiring rehospitalization, than @entity1397 -treated @entity1 .

title: Outcomes of @entity1 With Acute  @entity583 Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Receiving an Oral Anticoagulant and  Dual  Antiplatelet Therapy: A Comparison of XXXX Versus @entity3076 From the TRANSLATE-ACS Study.

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['Clopidogrel']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity548 risk varies depending on which P2Y12 receptor inhibitor agent is used. BACKGROUND: Prior studies have shown significant @entity548 risk among @entity1 treated with triple therapy (i.e., oral anticoagulant, P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, and @entity117 ). METHODS: We evaluated @entity1 with acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at 233 hospitals in the United States enrolled in the TRANSLATE-ACS (Treatment with @entity859 Diphosphate Receptor Inhibitors: Longitudinal Assessment of Treatment Patterns and Events After Acute @entity301 ) study  (April 2010 to October 2012). Using inverse probability-weighted propensity modeling, we compared 6-month adjusted risks of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) @entity548 , stratifying by whether or not @entity548 was  associated with rehospitalization among @entity1 discharged on @entity117  + anticoagulant  + @entity1397 (triple-C), @entity117  + anticoagulant  + @entity3076 (triple-P), @entity117  + @entity1397 (dual-C), or @entity117  + @entity3076 (dual-P). RESULTS: Of 11,756 @entity583 @entity1 , 526 (4.5%) were discharged on triple-C, 91 (0.8%) on triple-P, 7,715 (66%) on dual-C, and 3,424 (29%) on dual-P. Compared with dual-therapy @entity1 , triple-therapy @entity1 had significantly higher any BARC-defined @entity548 . @entity6629 was associated with a greater risk of any BARC-defined @entity548 events compared with triple-C. This finding was driven mostly by an increased risk of @entity548 events that were @entity1 -reported only and did not require rehospitalization. There were no significant differences in @entity548 requiring rehospitalization between the triple-P and -C groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity583 @entity1 , the addition of an oral anticoagulant was associated with a significantly greater risk of any BARC-defined @entity548 relative to dual antiplatelet therapy, regardless of which P2Y12 receptor inhibitor was selected. Among @entity1 on triple therapy, @entity3076 use was associated with higher @entity1 -reported-only @entity548 , but not @entity548 requiring rehospitalization, than @entity1397 -treated @entity1 .

title: Outcomes of @entity1 With Acute  XXXX Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Receiving an Oral Anticoagulant and  Dual  Antiplatelet Therapy: A Comparison of @entity1397 Versus @entity3076 From the TRANSLATE-ACS Study.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity548 risk varies depending on which P2Y12 receptor inhibitor agent is used. BACKGROUND: Prior studies have shown significant @entity548 risk among @entity1 treated with triple therapy (i.e., oral anticoagulant, P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, and @entity117 ). METHODS: We evaluated @entity1 with acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at 233 hospitals in the United States enrolled in the TRANSLATE-ACS (Treatment with @entity859 Diphosphate Receptor Inhibitors: Longitudinal Assessment of Treatment Patterns and Events After Acute @entity301 ) study  (April 2010 to October 2012). Using inverse probability-weighted propensity modeling, we compared 6-month adjusted risks of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) @entity548 , stratifying by whether or not @entity548 was  associated with rehospitalization among @entity1 discharged on @entity117  + anticoagulant  + @entity1397 (triple-C), @entity117  + anticoagulant  + @entity3076 (triple-P), @entity117  + @entity1397 (dual-C), or @entity117  + @entity3076 (dual-P). RESULTS: Of 11,756 @entity583 @entity1 , 526 (4.5%) were discharged on triple-C, 91 (0.8%) on triple-P, 7,715 (66%) on dual-C, and 3,424 (29%) on dual-P. Compared with dual-therapy @entity1 , triple-therapy @entity1 had significantly higher any BARC-defined @entity548 . @entity6629 was associated with a greater risk of any BARC-defined @entity548 events compared with triple-C. This finding was driven mostly by an increased risk of @entity548 events that were @entity1 -reported only and did not require rehospitalization. There were no significant differences in @entity548 requiring rehospitalization between the triple-P and -C groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity583 @entity1 , the addition of an oral anticoagulant was associated with a significantly greater risk of any BARC-defined @entity548 relative to dual antiplatelet therapy, regardless of which P2Y12 receptor inhibitor was selected. Among @entity1 on triple therapy, @entity3076 use was associated with higher @entity1 -reported-only @entity548 , but not @entity548 requiring rehospitalization, than @entity1397 -treated @entity1 .

title: Outcomes of XXXX With Acute  @entity583 Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Receiving an Oral Anticoagulant and  Dual  Antiplatelet Therapy: A Comparison of @entity1397 Versus @entity3076 From the TRANSLATE-ACS Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Melittin is well known to possess cytolytic activity with wide-spectrum lytic properties and its potential use as an agent to treat several types of @entity5 has been tested. Due to the non-specific @entity137 , melittin can impair not only @entity5 cells but also normal tissue. Thus, @entity5 -targeted toxins may be helpful for developing novel anticancer therapeutics. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) plays a central role in tissue remodelling events occurring in normal physiology and in pathophysiology, including @entity3 and @entity3 . Heartening findings showed that uPA receptor is predominantly expressed on many types of @entity5 . Therefore, the @entity1472 -terminal fragment (ATF) of uPA which was able to identify and bond with @entity5 cells was used as the cell-targeting domain to make up @entity5 -targeted toxin in this study. In the present study, pPICZaC-ATF-melittin eukaryotic expression vector was successfully constructed. After transformed into @entity10056 and induced by @entity1042 , rATF-mellitin was detected by @entity214 -PAGE and western blot analysis. After induction with @entity1042 , the expression level of rATF-mellitin was 312  mg/l in 80-l fermentor. rATF  -mellitin was purified to >95% purity using SP Sepharose ion exchange chromatography and source    30  RPC with 67.2% recovery. Cell proliferation assay showed that rATF-melittin inhibited growth of SKOV3 cells and had no @entity137 effect on normal cells. For the first time, we established a stable and effective rATF-mellitin @entity10056 expression system to obtain a high level of expression of secreted rATF-mellitin which was purified by a highly efficient purification procedure.

title: Expression and purification of recombinant ATF-mellitin, a new type fusion protein targeting ovarian cancer cells, in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'cancer invasion']

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['P.  pastoris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this report is to present a case of @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ), to review the literature on the subject, and to perform a mortality analysis on a case from the review. BACKGROUND: Subjects in the original study, having suffered multiple @entity1729 in the recent past, were referred to and followed at the Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, N Y, for diagnosis and management of @entity465 during the years 1973-1998. Demonstrating that two of the major immunoglobulin subgroups were more than two standard deviations below the mean for the @entity1 's age made the diagnosis of @entity6078 . In addition, poor antibody response to polysaccharide and protein antigens was demonstrated as a diagnostic criterion. Certain groups of @entity1 were excluded from the cohort. They were those with @entity12089 and any cases proven to be secondary to another pathologic process. @entity1 with @entity7893 and @entity704 were also excluded. METHODS: Standard mortality methodology was used to obtain observed mortality, expected mortality, mortality ratios, excess @entity204 rates, and confidence intervals for the mortality ratios. RESULTS: Ages at entry ranged from 3 to 79 with mean age at diagnosis of 29 for males and 33 for females. Follow-up was from 1 year to 25 years with a mean follow-up of 7 years. Survival in the studied cohort was 64% for males and 67% for females. These data were taken from the Kaplan-Meier curve spanning 20 tears of follow-up and were used throughout the remainder of the calculations. The corresponding mortality ratios were 526% and 639%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Markedly increased mortality ratios and excess @entity204 rates were found. These values (MR) were significant at the 95% confidence level, thus underscoring the point that in spite of young age and high functionality, @entity1 with this syndrome have markedly elevated mortality.

title: Common variable XXXX : an uncommon disease with high mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12089 :: ('MESH:C537409', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary X-linked Agammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity6078 :: ('MESH:D017074', 'Disease') :: ['common variable immunodeficiency', 'CVID']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiency']


abstract: OBJECT: The coexistence of @entity602 ( @entity602 ) and @entity9960 ( @entity9960 ) can be misdiagnosed or ignored and can cause spinal cord tethering. The authors investigated cases involving the coexistence of @entity602 and @entity9960 in @entity1 from the @entity1 's Hospital Medical Center in Tehran. METHODS: Of the 330 @entity1 with @entity9960 who underwent operations at the @entity1 's Hospital Medical Center between January 2001 and June 2005, 33 (10%) had an associated SCM. These 33 cases were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (55%) were female, and the mean age of the @entity1 at presentation was 2.9 months. In 17 of the 33 @entity1 , the SCM occurred at the level of the neural placode. A Type I SCM was found in 26 @entity1 . Two @entity1 had @entity12737 . Eight @entity1 had unilateral leg paresis. The MMC sac was located in the lumbar region in 14 cases. Two @entity1 had double spinal dysraphism with meningoceles at the thoracic level. All @entity1 underwent simultaneous repair of both lesions at the time of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity9960 , especially those with unusual manifestations such as @entity9598 or @entity272 , should undergo a preoperative clinical examination to check for the presence of an SCM. Use of spinal magnetic resonance imaging can help in identifying the associated abnormalities. The neural placode and the rostral and caudal spinal cord segments should be carefully inspected for @entity75 such as @entity602 during the operation to repair the MMC. In this paper, the authors hope to show the wisdom of identifying these anomalies at the time of the initial repair of the MMC.

title: XXXX associated with @entity9960 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral paresis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysraphic lesions']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['split cord malformations', 'SCMs']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['MMCs', 'myelomeningoceles']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['Split cord malformation']


abstract: OBJECT: The coexistence of @entity602 ( @entity602 ) and @entity9960 ( @entity9960 ) can be misdiagnosed or ignored and can cause spinal cord tethering. The authors investigated cases involving the coexistence of @entity602 and @entity9960 in @entity1 from the @entity1 's Hospital Medical Center in Tehran. METHODS: Of the 330 @entity1 with @entity9960 who underwent operations at the @entity1 's Hospital Medical Center between January 2001 and June 2005, 33 (10%) had an associated SCM. These 33 cases were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (55%) were female, and the mean age of the @entity1 at presentation was 2.9 months. In 17 of the 33 @entity1 , the SCM occurred at the level of the neural placode. A Type I SCM was found in 26 @entity1 . Two @entity1 had @entity12737 . Eight @entity1 had unilateral leg paresis. The MMC sac was located in the lumbar region in 14 cases. Two @entity1 had double spinal dysraphism with meningoceles at the thoracic level. All @entity1 underwent simultaneous repair of both lesions at the time of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity9960 , especially those with unusual manifestations such as @entity9598 or @entity272 , should undergo a preoperative clinical examination to check for the presence of an SCM. Use of spinal magnetic resonance imaging can help in identifying the associated abnormalities. The neural placode and the rostral and caudal spinal cord segments should be carefully inspected for @entity75 such as @entity602 during the operation to repair the MMC. In this paper, the authors hope to show the wisdom of identifying these anomalies at the time of the initial repair of the MMC.

title: @entity602 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity9960 :: (MESH:D008591,Disease) :: ['myelomeningocele']


abstract: Intracystic @entity1732 therapy has been proposed as a treatment for predominantly @entity976 . The risks of using this therapy, however, have not been clearly identified. The authors report on three @entity1 treated with intracystic @entity1732 who developed initially mild symptoms during their course of therapy. They describe the neuroimaging findings from computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance (MR) images and the medical management of these three cases. Two @entity1 in whom @entity976 was recently diagnosed and one @entity1 with recurrent @entity976 were treated with a course of 3 mg of intracystic @entity1732 three times a week for 5 weeks, followed by once every week for 10 weeks. All @entity1 had a negative reservoir permeability test prior to beginning intracystic @entity1732 therapy. @entity1 were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms at the time of neuroimaging. Magnetic resonance images revealed extensive vasogenic @entity4 surrounding the cyst in all three @entity1 , consistent with signs of @entity1732 leakage. The @entity4 occurred near the time of the 12th injection in two @entity1 , and at the end of treatment in the remaining @entity1 . Subsequently, two @entity1 developed further symptoms suggestive of @entity1640 . These two @entity1 received corticosteroids, leading to a rapid and sustained clinical improvement. Follow-up serial MR images showed a progressive regression of the surrounding @entity4 . Neuroimaging documentation of @entity1732 @entity137 has been described mainly in adults experiencing severe @entity137 . There was no correlation between clinical symptoms and the extent of @entity4 in these three @entity1 . An MR image provides a higher resolution than CT scans for evaluating the adjacent cerebral structures and is very sensitive in detecting @entity854 , even in asymptomatic @entity1 . @entity1732 therapy requires close clinical monitoring. Imaging evaluation should be performed using MR imaging during treatment to ensure the safety of the therapy. In the authors' experience, the @entity137 to @entity1732 was transient. Management of the @entity137 using high-dose @entity134 administration appears to contribute to controlling the @entity1732 -induced inflammatory process.

title: Neuroradiological findings of XXXX leakage in @entity976 . Report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic injury']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['early abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma', 'cystic craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: Intracystic @entity1732 therapy has been proposed as a treatment for predominantly @entity976 . The risks of using this therapy, however, have not been clearly identified. The authors report on three @entity1 treated with intracystic @entity1732 who developed initially mild symptoms during their course of therapy. They describe the neuroimaging findings from computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance (MR) images and the medical management of these three cases. Two @entity1 in whom @entity976 was recently diagnosed and one @entity1 with recurrent @entity976 were treated with a course of 3 mg of intracystic @entity1732 three times a week for 5 weeks, followed by once every week for 10 weeks. All @entity1 had a negative reservoir permeability test prior to beginning intracystic @entity1732 therapy. @entity1 were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms at the time of neuroimaging. Magnetic resonance images revealed extensive vasogenic @entity4 surrounding the cyst in all three @entity1 , consistent with signs of @entity1732 leakage. The @entity4 occurred near the time of the 12th injection in two @entity1 , and at the end of treatment in the remaining @entity1 . Subsequently, two @entity1 developed further symptoms suggestive of @entity1640 . These two @entity1 received corticosteroids, leading to a rapid and sustained clinical improvement. Follow-up serial MR images showed a progressive regression of the surrounding @entity4 . Neuroimaging documentation of @entity1732 @entity137 has been described mainly in adults experiencing severe @entity137 . There was no correlation between clinical symptoms and the extent of @entity4 in these three @entity1 . An MR image provides a higher resolution than CT scans for evaluating the adjacent cerebral structures and is very sensitive in detecting @entity854 , even in asymptomatic @entity1 . @entity1732 therapy requires close clinical monitoring. Imaging evaluation should be performed using MR imaging during treatment to ensure the safety of the therapy. In the authors' experience, the @entity137 to @entity1732 was transient. Management of the @entity137 using high-dose @entity134 administration appears to contribute to controlling the @entity1732 -induced inflammatory process.

title: Neuroradiological findings of @entity1732 leakage in XXXX . Report of three cases.

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['cystic craniopharyngioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ), such as bicycle desks and treadmill desks, can contribute to weight gain prevention and disease risk-reduction. Little is known about the extent to which adults with diverse health risk factors are interested in using @entity1652 . METHODS: Primary care @entity1 aged 18 to 65 years at 2 outpatient clinics in Central Pennsylvania completed a cross-sectional survey in April, 2014 to assess interest in using "a small pedaling device under the desk" and "walking on a treadmill with a desk attached" if these options were provided at no cost. Demographic and health risk factors were also assessed. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations of demographic and health risk factors with interest in using @entity1652 . RESULTS: Among 240 @entity1 , 106 (44.2%) reported interest in using @entity1652 . Of these 106 @entity1 , interest in using a bicycle desk (91.5%) was higher than interest in using a treadmill desk (65.1%), P < .001. Females were more likely than males to be interested in using a bicycle desk, and @entity1 aged 18 to 44 years were more likely than those aged 45 to 65 years to be interested in using a treadmill desk. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that diverse @entity1 populations may have interest in using @entity1652 . Promoting use of @entity1652 in primary care practices could help meet national standards for providing comprehensive, @entity1 -centered care.

title: Interest in Using Workplace Energy Expenditure Devices Among Primary Care XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['Workplace energy expenditure devices', 'WEEDs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a progressive @entity179 . @entity4164 is a frequent problem in @entity746 @entity1 with bulbar symptoms, because of progressive weakness of oral, lingual and pharyngeal muscles. This prospective study aimed to investigate the putative effect of palliative single-dose radiotherapy on problematic @entity4164 in @entity1 with @entity746 . Twenty @entity1 with @entity746 and problematic drooling were included; 14 were given radiotherapy with a single fraction of 7.5 Grey (Gy). Five @entity1 were treated with botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections (20 U) into the parotid glands; two of these were later given radiotherapy. Symptom assessment, clinical examination and measurements of salivary flow (ml/min) were performed before and after treatment (1-2 weeks, 3 months). Salivary secretion was significantly reduced after radiation treatment, with a mean reduction of 60% (1 week) and 51% (2 weeks). Three months post-treatment, 21% reduction of the salivary secretion was observed compared with salivation before treatment. Mean salivary flow was not reduced after BTX-A treatment in five @entity1 . No serious side-effects were observed with either of the two treatment modalities. Single-dose radiotherapy (7.5 Gy) significantly reduces @entity4164 and is an effective and safe palliative treatment in @entity1 with @entity746 .

title: Radiotherapy reduces XXXX in @entity746 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity4164 :: ('MESH:D012798', 'Disease') :: ['sialorrhea', 'Sialorrhea']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity4164 :: (MESH:D012798,Disease) :: ['sialorrhea']


abstract: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a progressive @entity179 . @entity4164 is a frequent problem in @entity746 @entity1 with bulbar symptoms, because of progressive weakness of oral, lingual and pharyngeal muscles. This prospective study aimed to investigate the putative effect of palliative single-dose radiotherapy on problematic @entity4164 in @entity1 with @entity746 . Twenty @entity1 with @entity746 and problematic drooling were included; 14 were given radiotherapy with a single fraction of 7.5 Grey (Gy). Five @entity1 were treated with botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections (20 U) into the parotid glands; two of these were later given radiotherapy. Symptom assessment, clinical examination and measurements of salivary flow (ml/min) were performed before and after treatment (1-2 weeks, 3 months). Salivary secretion was significantly reduced after radiation treatment, with a mean reduction of 60% (1 week) and 51% (2 weeks). Three months post-treatment, 21% reduction of the salivary secretion was observed compared with salivation before treatment. Mean salivary flow was not reduced after BTX-A treatment in five @entity1 . No serious side-effects were observed with either of the two treatment modalities. Single-dose radiotherapy (7.5 Gy) significantly reduces @entity4164 and is an effective and safe palliative treatment in @entity1 with @entity746 .

title: Radiotherapy reduces @entity4164 in XXXX .

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultrasound is known to be useful in imaging radiofrequency ablation (RFA) lesions intra- and postoperatively. The presented study intends to prove the value of ultrasound examination as a means of screening RFA-treated @entity1 for local @entity5 recurrence. @entity1 AND METHODS: During a period of 47 months, 91 RFA treatments were performed in 61 @entity1 in a single institution. Indications for RFA were @entity157 (74%), colorectal metastases (18%), recurrent @entity201 (5%) and one @entity5 @entity3 as well as one @entity3 of @entity788 (1.5% each). RFA was only considered in non-resectable @entity96 . All applications were conducted under sonographic guidance following preoperative evaluation. Postoperative screening included sonographic examinations at intervals of 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and further annual follow-up examinations. Mean follow-up period was 11.8 months. RESULTS: Within the first 12 months after treatment, the lesions become more and more inhomogenous with mixed echogeneity. Occasionally, this evolves as a misleading finding, mimicking early @entity5 recurrence. To clarify suspicious cases (31%), magnetic resonance imaging (20%) or computed tomography (10%) was engaged. Ultrasound led to the detection of local @entity5 recurrence in 78% of recurrent @entity157 (13 @entity1 ), but only in 67% of metastatic diseases (3 @entity1 ). Overall local recurrence rate was 18%. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound screening as a follow-up of primary @entity99 is, due to its sensitivity, capable of detecting early local recurrence despite its low specifity. Appropriate application of particular criteria of local recurrence allows B-mode ultrasound to play a major role in screening RFA-treated @entity1 .

title: Role of B-mode ultrasound screening in detection of local XXXX recurrence in the first year after radiofrequency ablation in the liver.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess changes in retinal nonperfusion (RNP) in @entity1 with @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ) treated with ranibizumab. DESIGN: Secondary outcome measure in randomized double-masked controlled clinical trial. @entity1 : Thirty-nine @entity1 with central @entity2994 (CRVO) and 42 with branch @entity2994 (BRVO). METHODS: Subjects were randomized to 0.5 or 2.0 mg ranibizumab every month for 6 months and then were re-randomized to pro re nata (PRN) groups receiving either ranibizumab plus scatter laser photocoagulation or ranibizumab alone for an additional 30 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of percentage of @entity1 with increased or decreased area of RNP in @entity1 with @entity2994 treated with 0.5 versus 2.0 mg ranibizumab, during monthly injections versus ranibizumab PRN, and in @entity1 treated with ranibizumab PRN versus ranibizumab PRN plus laser. RESULTS: In @entity2994 @entity1 given monthly injections of 0.5 or 2.0 mg ranibizumab for 6 months, there was no significant difference in the percentage who showed reduction or increase in the area of RNP. However, regardless of dose, during the 6-month period of monthly injections, a higher percentage of @entity1 showed a reduction in area of RNP and a lower percentage showed an increase in area of RNP compared with subsequent periods of ranibizumab PRN treatment. After the 6-month period of monthly injections, BRVO @entity1 , but not CRVO @entity1 , randomized to ranibizumab PRN plus laser showed significantly less progression of RNP compared with @entity1 treated with ranibizumab PRN. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of dose (0.5 or 2.0 mg), monthly ranibizumab injections promote improvement and reduce progression of RNP compared with PRN injections. The addition of scatter photocoagulation to ranibizumab PRN may reduce progression of RNP in @entity1 with BRVO, but a statistically significant reduction was  not seen in @entity1 with CRVO.

title: Changes in Retinal Nonperfusion Associated with Suppression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion', 'RVO']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['Retinal Vein Occlusion']


abstract: @entity1 @entity2525 is a rare @entity74 caused by @entity177 , which ranges widely in severity. In the most severe forms, @entity2527 prevents @entity79 , impairing development of bone marrow, leading to hematological failure. Closure of bone foramina causes @entity2850 with @entity227 . @entity1 also present with @entity16455 , @entity851 , @entity600 and brittle bones. This form is fatal in infancy, has an autosomal recessive inheritance and is cured with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with a rate of success <50% and unsatisfactory rescue of growth and @entity227 . It relies on loss-of-function mutations of various genes, including the @entity25015 gene, encoding for the a3 subunit of the H+ATPase and accounting for >50% of cases, the @entity50849 and the @entity61350 genes, which have closely related function and account for approximately 10% of cases, also presenting with @entity179 . Further genes are implicated in rare forms with various severities and association with other syndromes and, recently, the @entity5298 gene has been found to be mutated in a subset of @entity1 lacking osteoclasts. @entity74 may also have intermediate severity, with a small number of cases due to loss-of-function mutations of the @entity7464 or the @entity34185 genes. Dominant negative mutations of the @entity50849 gene cause the so-called Albers-Sch  nberg disease, which represents the most frequent and heterogeneous form of @entity2525 , ranging from asymptomatic to intermediate/severe, thus suggesting additional genetic/environmental determinants affecting penetrance. Importantly, recent work has demonstrated that osteoblasts may also contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease, either because they are affected by @entity154 , or because their activity may be enhanced by deregulated osteoclasts abundantly present in most forms. Therapy is presently unsatisfactory and effort is necessary to unravel the gene defects yet unrecognized and identify new treatments to improve symptoms and save life.

title: Genetics, pathogenesis and complications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic defects']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and hearing deterioration', 'visual deterioration']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['osteoclast failure']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of bone cavities']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis', 'genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2527 :: ('MESH:D001862', 'Disease') :: ['deficient bone resorption']

entities_list: @entity16455 :: ('MESH:D010026', 'Disease') :: ['osteosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity2525 :: (MESH:D010022,Disease) :: ['osteopetrosis']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Dentists and @entity1 are regularly confronted by a difficult treatment question: should a tooth be saved through @entity4256 (RCT), be extracted without any tooth replacement, be replaced with a fixed partial denture (FPD) or an implant-supported single crown (ISC)? PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the outcomes, benefits, and harms of endodontic care and restoration compared to extraction and placement of @entity24979 , FPDs, or extraction without tooth replacement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Searches performed in MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were enriched by hand searches, citation mining, and expert recommendation. Evidence tables were developed following quality and inclusion criteria assessment. Pooled and weighted mean success and survival rates, with associated confidence intervals, were calculated for single implant crowns, fixed partial dentures, and initial nonsurgical root canal treatments. Data related to extraction without tooth replacement and psychosocial outcomes were evaluated by a narrative review due to literature limitations. RESULTS: The 143 selected studies varied considerably in design, success definition, assessment methods, operator type, and sample size. Direct comparison of treatment types was extremely rare. Limited psychosocial data revealed the traumatic effect of loss of visible teeth. Economic data were largely absent. Success rates for @entity24979 were higher than for RCTs and FPDs, respectively; however, success criteria differed greatly among treatment types, rendering direct comparison of success rates futile. Long-term survival rates for @entity24979 and RCTs were similar and superior to those for FPDs. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of comparative studies with similar outcomes criteria with comparable time intervals limited comparison of these treatments. ISC and RCT treatments resulted in superior long-term survival, compared to FPDs. Limited data suggested that extraction without replacement resulted in inferior psychosocial outcomes compared to alternatives. Long-term, prospective clinical trials with large sample sizes and clearly defined outcomes criteria are needed.

title: Outcomes of XXXX , implant-supported single crowns, fixed partial dentures, and extraction without replacement: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4256 :: ('MESH:D054019', 'Disease') :: ['root canal treatment and restoration']

answer: @entity4256 :: (MESH:D054019,Disease) :: ['root canal treatment and restoration']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between individual components of left ventricular (LV) afterload and tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) velocities in @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Acute increases in afterload slow diastolic relaxation as assessed invasively, yet little is known about chronic effects of load and loading sequence on LV TDE velocities. METHODS: Forty-eight subjects underwent echo Doppler and color-coded TDE with comprehensive noninvasive vascular assessment. Arterial afterload was measured by effective arterial elastance (Ea) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), and loading sequence was quantified by early- (carotid characteristic impedance [Zc]) and late-systolic loads (augmentation index [cAI]; late pressure-time integral [PTI3]). @entity455 was measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) and total arterial compliance. RESULTS: Early-diastolic velocity (E') varied inversely with Zc, SVRI, Ea, and @entity122 (r = -0.4 to 0.5; beta = 1.0 to 1.2; p < or = 0.004), but late-systolic load (cAI and PTI3 r = -0.6; beta = 1.6; both p < 0.0001) and arterial compliance (r = 0.6; beta = 1.4; p < 0.0001) had the strongest associations with E'. Load dependence was not altered by the presence of @entity101 , and in multivariate analysis only cAI and Zc significantly predicted E', even after adjusting for age (p < 0.05). Peak systolic velocity was additionally found to be inversely related to afterload, whereas other measures of contractility were not. CONCLUSIONS: Diastolic and systolic tissue velocities vary inversely with arterial afterload, with late-systolic load having the greatest influence on E'. These findings may partly explain the decrease in early relaxation velocity noted with aging, @entity101 , and @entity1 with @entity712 . Strategies to reduce afterload, vascular stiffening, and wave reflections may prove useful to enhance early diastolic relaxation.

title: Impact of arterial load and loading sequence on left ventricular tissue velocities in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular stiffness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity15439 is a @entity1018 . The @entity1939 occurs from a progressive @entity2000 that begins after @entity2319 and after the retina has developed. Three clinical subtypes of @entity15439 have been identified, with mutations in any one of six different genes giving rise to type 1, in any one of three different genes to type 2, and in one identified gene causing Usher type 3. Mutant @entity19 for most of the genes have been studied; while they have clear @entity389 , retinal phenotypes are relatively mild and have been difficult to characterize. The retinal functions of the Usher proteins are still largely unknown. Protein binding studies have suggested many interactions among the proteins, and a model of interaction among all the proteins in the photoreceptor synapse has been proposed. However this model is not supported by localization data from some laboratories, or the indication of any synaptic phenotype in mutant @entity19 . An earlier suggestion, based on @entity1 pathologies, of Usher protein function in the photoreceptor cilium continues to gain support from immunolocalization and mutant @entity19 studies, which are consistent with Usher protein interaction in the photoreceptor ciliary/periciliary region. So far, the most characterized Usher protein is @entity39575 . It is present in the apical RPE and photoreceptor ciliary/periciliary region, where it is required for organelle transport and clearance of opsin from the connecting cilium, respectively. @entity15439 is amenable to gene replacement therapy, but also has some specific challenges. Progress in this treatment approach has been achieved by correction of mutant phenotypes in @entity39575 -null @entity19 retinas, following lentiviral delivery of @entity39575 .

title: XXXX : animal models, retinal function of Usher proteins, and prospects for gene therapy.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['deafness-blindness disorder']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ['Usher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear defects']

answer: @entity15439 :: (MESH:D052245,Disease) :: ['Usher syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap in correcting the @entity5043 . METHODS: From January 1997 to May 2006, 35 @entity1 suffering from @entity5043 were corrected with microvascular anastomotic free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap and other additional measures according to the symptoms of the deformities. There were 11 males and 24 females, aging 15-47 years. The locations were left in 12 cases and right in 23 cases. The course of disease was 4 to 28 years. Their @entity85 were fairly severity. Their cheeks were @entity308 obviously. The X-ray films and three-dimensinal CT showed the 28 @entity1 ' skeletons were @entity1141 . The size of adipofascial flap ranged from 8 cm x 7 cm to 20 cm x 11 cm. Donor sites were sutured directly. RESULTS: Recipient site wound of all @entity1 healed by first intention. All adipofascial flaps survived. The donor sites healed well and no adiponecrosis occurred. Thirty-five cases were followed up for 6 months to 8 years. The faces of all @entity1 were symmetry, and the satisfactory results were obtained. There were no donor site dysfunction. CONCLUSION: The anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap provides adequate tissue, easy-to-survive, no important artery sacrificed and the donor scar is more easily hidden. Combining with other auxiliary methods, it can be successfully used to correct the deformity of @entity5043 .

title: [Clinical study on correction of XXXX with free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5043 :: ('MESH:D005150', 'Disease') :: ['hemifacial atrophy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['hemifacial deformities']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5043 :: (MESH:D005150,Disease) :: ['hemifacial atrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the method and clinical effect of free iliac flap grafting in repairing the tibia traumatic @entity4034 complicated with @entity79 . METHODS: From June 2001 to February 2006, 28 @entity1 with tibia traumatic @entity4034 complicated with @entity79 were treated with free iliac flap grafting at stage I. There were 18 males and 10 females, with an average of 32.5 years(18-68 years). There were traffic injury in 11 cases, @entity2981 in 6 cases, @entity130 in 5 cases, @entity130 in 4 cases, and @entity130 in 2 cases. The disease courses of @entity1 were 1-6 months. All @entity1 had been treated by 2-6 operations. The wounds located at the mid and upper tibia in 13 cases, and the inferior tibia in 15 cases. The length of free iliac was 0.5-6.0 cm and the size of the flap ranged from 4.5 cm x 3.5 cm to 28.0 cm x 16.0 cm. The external fixation were applied in 18 cases, and steel plate were applied in 10 cases. The donor sites were sutured directly. RESULTS: All of the flaps survived completely. The wounds healed by first intention in 26 cases and by second intention in 2 cases. The donor sites healed by first intention. Twenty-eight @entity1 were followed up for 6 to 56 months (mean, 30 months). The appearances of the flaps were satisfactory and the colour was similar to recipient site. All grafted bone united 2-14 months (mean, 4.6 months) after operation according to X-ray examination. In 20 @entity1 who did not achieved union before operation, @entity174 healed 2 to 6 months after operation(mean, 3.2 months). @entity4034 recurred 12 months after operation in 2 cases and healed by nidus clearing. CONCLUSION: Free iliac flap which used to repair tibia traumatic @entity4034 complicated with @entity79 , can repair the defect at stage I and enhance the anti-infectious ability. It is one of appropriate and effective clinical methods.

title: [Free iliac flap grafting for repair of tibia traumatic XXXX complicated with @entity79 ].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone-skin defect']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['falling injury', 'machinery injury', 'explosive injury']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the method and clinical effect of free iliac flap grafting in repairing the tibia traumatic @entity4034 complicated with @entity79 . METHODS: From June 2001 to February 2006, 28 @entity1 with tibia traumatic @entity4034 complicated with @entity79 were treated with free iliac flap grafting at stage I. There were 18 males and 10 females, with an average of 32.5 years(18-68 years). There were traffic injury in 11 cases, @entity2981 in 6 cases, @entity130 in 5 cases, @entity130 in 4 cases, and @entity130 in 2 cases. The disease courses of @entity1 were 1-6 months. All @entity1 had been treated by 2-6 operations. The wounds located at the mid and upper tibia in 13 cases, and the inferior tibia in 15 cases. The length of free iliac was 0.5-6.0 cm and the size of the flap ranged from 4.5 cm x 3.5 cm to 28.0 cm x 16.0 cm. The external fixation were applied in 18 cases, and steel plate were applied in 10 cases. The donor sites were sutured directly. RESULTS: All of the flaps survived completely. The wounds healed by first intention in 26 cases and by second intention in 2 cases. The donor sites healed by first intention. Twenty-eight @entity1 were followed up for 6 to 56 months (mean, 30 months). The appearances of the flaps were satisfactory and the colour was similar to recipient site. All grafted bone united 2-14 months (mean, 4.6 months) after operation according to X-ray examination. In 20 @entity1 who did not achieved union before operation, @entity174 healed 2 to 6 months after operation(mean, 3.2 months). @entity4034 recurred 12 months after operation in 2 cases and healed by nidus clearing. CONCLUSION: Free iliac flap which used to repair tibia traumatic @entity4034 complicated with @entity79 , can repair the defect at stage I and enhance the anti-infectious ability. It is one of appropriate and effective clinical methods.

title: [Free iliac flap grafting for repair of tibia traumatic @entity4034 complicated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone-skin defect']


abstract: OBJECT: In this study the authors investigated the anatomical, clinical, and imaging features as well as incidence of @entity154 of the @entity6746 arch. METHODS: The records of 1104 @entity1 who presented with various medical problems during the time between January 2006 and December 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. The craniocervical computed tomography (CT) scans obtained in these @entity1 were evaluated to define the incidence of @entity154 of the posterior arch of @entity6746 . In addition, 166 dried @entity6746 specimens and 84 fresh @entity1 cadaveric cervical spine segments were evaluated for anomalies of the @entity6746 arch. RESULTS: Altogether, 40 anomalies (2.95%) were found in 1354 evaluated cases. Of the 1104 @entity1 in whom CT scans were acquired, 37 (3.35%) had @entity154 of the posterior arch of the atlas. The incidence of @entity154 was as follows: Type A, 29 (2.6%); Type B, six (0.54%); and Type E, two (0.18%). There were no Type C or D defects. One @entity1 (0.09%) had an anterior arch cleft. None of the reviewed @entity1 had @entity51 or required surgical intervention for their anomalies. Three cases of Type A @entity6127 were present in the cadaveric specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity154 of the atlantal arch are found incidentally in asymptomatic @entity1 . @entity154 of the posterior arch are more common than defects of the anterior arch.

title: The frequency and clinical significance of XXXX of the posterior and anterior arch of the atlas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital defects', 'congenital anomalies', 'each anomaly', 'congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity6127 :: ('MESH:D007569', 'Disease') :: ['posterior arch anomalies']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent surveys have indicated that four alternatives are employed for adjuvant treatment of stage I @entity1204 : observation (OBS), high dose rate @entity365 ( @entity365 ), whole pelvic external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), or a combination of pelvic external beam with @entity365 (COMB). Our goal was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these alternatives for management of stage I @entity1204 . METHODS: We designed a decision analysis model comparing the four possible treatments in terms of their utility and cost. We reviewed the existing literature and utilized published data to estimate complication and recurrence rates from each treatment option. We obtained cost data from a chart review of @entity1 treated with each approach at a single institution between 1995 and 2005. RESULTS: OBS yielded the lowest expected cost,  437 million per 100,000 @entity1 . COMB yielded the highest cost, at  2.93 billion per 100,000 @entity1 . @entity365 yielded the highest 5-year quality adjusted survival, 86%. In a population of 100,000 @entity1 , @entity365 would result in an additional 8200 quality adjusted survivors compared to OBS, at a cost of  65,900 per survivor. In contrast, EBRT and COMB result in either fewer survivors and/or greater costs when compared to OBS or @entity365 . CONCLUSION: Routine use of adjuvant EBRT or COMB in the management of surgical stage I @entity1204 is not cost-effective. Compared to OBS, post-operative @entity365 improves survival at a cost of  65,900 per survivor, supporting further investigation of this adjuvant therapy.

title: A cost-effective analysis of adjuvant therapies for the treatment of stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal brachytherapy', 'VB']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The affected individual of hair loss demands help, because hair is viewed as a sign of youth and good health. Nowadays treatment of @entity1665 includes drug therapy and hair transplantation. Some drugs may promote hair growth, at least temporarily, but the treatment is effective only in milder @entity1665 , instead of extensive @entity1665 . Furthermore, the side effect of long period medication could not be avoided. Hair transplantation involves harvesting small pieces of hair-bearing scalp grafts from a donor site and relocating them to a bald area. This method does not increase the number of existing hairs, but only redistributes them. The operation is sophisticated and time-consuming, thus the @entity1 suffers a lot during the process. The discovery of hair follicle stem cells (FSC) brings gospel to the affected individual of hair loss because of its capacity of generating new hair when they interact with mesenchymal dermal @entity1829 cells (DPC). Besides, both FSC and @entity9974 have strong proliferative capacity and the @entity1 's own cells could be expanded considerably in vitro. Thus we hypothesize that the microencapsulation of the two kinds of cells in alginate gels could be implanted into the bald scalp of the @entity1 since alginate gels is effective in cell transplantation. The strategy may provide a more convenient and valid alternative to hair loss if the hypothesis proved to be practical.

title: Treatment of @entity1665 by transplantation of hair follicle stem cells and dermal XXXX cells encapsulated in alginate gels.

answer: @entity1829 :: (MESH:D010211,Disease) :: ['papilla']


abstract: The affected individual of hair loss demands help, because hair is viewed as a sign of youth and good health. Nowadays treatment of @entity1665 includes drug therapy and hair transplantation. Some drugs may promote hair growth, at least temporarily, but the treatment is effective only in milder @entity1665 , instead of extensive @entity1665 . Furthermore, the side effect of long period medication could not be avoided. Hair transplantation involves harvesting small pieces of hair-bearing scalp grafts from a donor site and relocating them to a bald area. This method does not increase the number of existing hairs, but only redistributes them. The operation is sophisticated and time-consuming, thus the @entity1 suffers a lot during the process. The discovery of hair follicle stem cells (FSC) brings gospel to the affected individual of hair loss because of its capacity of generating new hair when they interact with mesenchymal dermal @entity1829 cells (DPC). Besides, both FSC and @entity9974 have strong proliferative capacity and the @entity1 's own cells could be expanded considerably in vitro. Thus we hypothesize that the microencapsulation of the two kinds of cells in alginate gels could be implanted into the bald scalp of the @entity1 since alginate gels is effective in cell transplantation. The strategy may provide a more convenient and valid alternative to hair loss if the hypothesis proved to be practical.

title: Treatment of XXXX by transplantation of hair follicle stem cells and dermal @entity1829 cells encapsulated in alginate gels.

answer: @entity1665 :: (MESH:D000505,Disease) :: ['alopecia']