abstract: The clinicofunctional and morphological status of the stomach, biliferous system, pancreas, large and small intestine was studied in 83 @entity1 with @entity10632 and disease (SS and @entity168 ). @entity102 with @entity1887 was shown to develop in @entity168 . Morphological changes of the gastric mucosa were represented by chronic @entity3621 and chronic @entity4726 of immune genesis. Pathology of the extrahepatic system of bilification was detected in 87% of @entity1 . The most common pathologies diagnosed in these @entity1 were @entity2679 (51%) and @entity910 (25%). Changes of the chemical composition of the bile (arise of its lythogenic properties) were observed. Various disorders of pancreatic function were detected in 85% of SS and @entity168 @entity1 . X-ray and endoscopic investigations revealed duodenal, intestinal and @entity694 , less frequently signs of @entity1681 and @entity1960 in one-third of the @entity1 . The @entity1744 was found in 40%. On the whole, involvement of different parts of the intestine was observed in 92%. Morphological changes in the duodenal and sigmoid colon mucosa were typical of chronic diffuse @entity9317 and @entity1322 in a subacute @entity168 course, and chronic @entity3202 and @entity1322 in a chronic @entity168 and SS course.

title: [Lesions of the digestive organs in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1322 :: ('MESH:D012810', 'Disease') :: ['sigmoiditis']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['secretory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['biliary dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic duodenitis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['chronic cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis with glandular involvement']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["Sjogren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable colon syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenitis']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity10632 :: (MESH:D012859,Disease) :: ['Sjogren's disease']


abstract: The antihypertensive effects and safety of a novel neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, @entity73312 , were investigated in @entity101 @entity1 . A multicenter, open clinical trial was conducted in 27 @entity1 with essential @entity101 , WHO Stage I or II. Mean age was 64 +/- 1 years. After 2 to 4 weeks of a placebo run-in, 50 mg twice daily, was started, with the dose increased to 100 mg twice daily, and 200 mg twice daily, every 2 weeks, if necessary, to achieve a predetermined response. Blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored every 2 weeks. Blood chemistry, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and plasma @entity6708 levels were determined before and after the 8-week treatment period. Blood pressure was significantly reduced, from 171 +/- 1/100 +/- 1 mm Hg to 146 +/- 3/84 +/- 2 mmHg (P < .001) at the end of the 8-week treatment period. No change in pulse rate was noted. Efficacy rate was evaluated in 25 @entity1 treated for 4 weeks or more. Efficacy rate was 44% with 50 mg twice daily, 60% with 100 mg twice daily, and 80% with 200 mg twice daily. Adverse reactions such as @entity10 were observed in six @entity1 (22.2%), with treatment discontinued in five. Significant correlation was observed between increment in plasma ANP levels and blood pressure reductions (r = -0.53, P < .05). Increase in plasma @entity6708 was positively correlated with increments in plasma hANP (r = 0.80, P < .001). @entity73312 has potent antihypertensive effect associated with an enhancement of endogenous hANP and may be clinically useful as a new class of antihypertensive drug.

title: Antihypertensive effects of the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor XXXX in essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches and palpitation']

answer: @entity73312 :: (MESH:C069018,Chemical) :: ['SCH 42495']


abstract: The antihypertensive effects and safety of a novel neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, @entity73312 , were investigated in @entity101 @entity1 . A multicenter, open clinical trial was conducted in 27 @entity1 with essential @entity101 , WHO Stage I or II. Mean age was 64 +/- 1 years. After 2 to 4 weeks of a placebo run-in, 50 mg twice daily, was started, with the dose increased to 100 mg twice daily, and 200 mg twice daily, every 2 weeks, if necessary, to achieve a predetermined response. Blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored every 2 weeks. Blood chemistry, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and plasma @entity6708 levels were determined before and after the 8-week treatment period. Blood pressure was significantly reduced, from 171 +/- 1/100 +/- 1 mm Hg to 146 +/- 3/84 +/- 2 mmHg (P < .001) at the end of the 8-week treatment period. No change in pulse rate was noted. Efficacy rate was evaluated in 25 @entity1 treated for 4 weeks or more. Efficacy rate was 44% with 50 mg twice daily, 60% with 100 mg twice daily, and 80% with 200 mg twice daily. Adverse reactions such as @entity10 were observed in six @entity1 (22.2%), with treatment discontinued in five. Significant correlation was observed between increment in plasma ANP levels and blood pressure reductions (r = -0.53, P < .05). Increase in plasma @entity6708 was positively correlated with increments in plasma hANP (r = 0.80, P < .001). @entity73312 has potent antihypertensive effect associated with an enhancement of endogenous hANP and may be clinically useful as a new class of antihypertensive drug.

title: Antihypertensive effects of the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor @entity73312 in essential XXXX .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of the @entity1 's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial (WHI- @entity3918 ) suggest that a low-fat diet may be associated with beneficial health outcomes for specific groups of @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective is to assess how cost-effective the WHI- @entity3918 would be if implemented as a public health intervention and under the sponsorship of private health insurers and Medicare. @entity5344 are the health outcomes of interest. @entity1 : Two groups of WHI- @entity3918 @entity1 form the target population for this analysis: @entity1 consuming >36.8% of energy from fat at baseline, and @entity1 at high risk for @entity0 with 32% or more of energy from fat at baseline. METHODS: This study uses Markov cohort modeling, following societal and health care payer perspectives, with Monte Carlo simulations and one-way sensitivity analyses. WHI- @entity3918 records, nationally representative prices, and published estimates of medical care costs were the sources of cost information. Simulations were performed for hypothetical cohorts of @entity1 aged 50, 55, 60, 65, or 70 years at the beginning of the intervention. Effectiveness was estimated by quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and the main outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). RESULTS: Following the societal perspective, the ICERs for the 50-year old cohort are  13,773/QALY (95% confidence interval  7,482 to  20,916) for @entity1 consuming >36.8% of energy from fat at baseline and  10,544/QALY ( 2,096 to  23,673) for @entity1 at high risk for @entity0 . The comparable ICER from a private health care payer perspective is  66,059/QALY ( 30,155 to  121,087) and from a Medicare perspective, it is  15,051/QALY ( 6,565 to  25,105). CONCLUSIONS: The WHI- @entity3918 is a cost-effective strategy for the prevention of @entity5344 in the target population, from both societal and Medicare perspectives. Private health care payers have a relative short timeframe to realize a return on investment, since after age 65 years the financial benefits associated with the prevention program would accrue to Medicare. For this reason, the intervention is not cost-effective from a private health care payer perspective.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of a low-fat diet in the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancers', 'Breast and ovarian cancers']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']


abstract: As in herbivores and omnivores, the biosynthesis of @entity3875 in the skin exposed to ultraviolet (uv) light is generally expected to also occur in the @entity235 and the cat. The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure the concentrations of @entity3875 and its precursor @entity14952 ( @entity14952 ) in @entity235 and cat skin before and after a quantitatively and qualitatively standardized exposure to uv light. The results are compared to those obtained by the same method in the skin of the @entity35 . The efficiency of extracting @entity14952 and @entity3875 from skin was 72 +/- 8% and 67 +/- 3%, respectively. In @entity235 and cat skin the concentrations of nonesterified @entity14952 were below the detection limit of the HPLC system. Therefore, skin extracts were saponified and total @entity14952 and @entity3875 concentrations were measured by normal-phase HPLC. Before irradiation with uv-B light the total concentrations of @entity14952 were 1858 +/- 183, 1958 +/- 204, and 17,620 +/- 2345 ng/cm2 skin (mean +/- SEM; n = 5) for the @entity235 , the cat, and the @entity35 , respectively. The corresponding concentrations of @entity3875 were 211 +/- 44, 193 +/- 18, and 161 +/- 32 ng/cm2 skin for the @entity235 , the cat, and the @entity35 , respectively. Irradiation of standard solutions of @entity14952 with 0.15 J uv-B light/min resulted in a time-dependent decrease in @entity14952 and a concomitant increase in previtamin D3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Dietary vitamin D dependence of cat and XXXX due to inadequate cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D.

entities_list: @entity14952 :: ('MESH:C016705', 'Chemical') :: ['7DHC', '7-dehydrocholesterol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common HE is the most prevalent clinical form of @entity9048 ; its clinical findings vary considerably, ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state to a severe, even life-threatening @entity14451 . Structural modification and reduction of 4.1 protein, or abnormalities at the spectrin self-association site could lead to elliptocytes. METHODS: Sixty-one Italian HE @entity1 belonging to 28 families were studied. Analysis of red blood cell cytoskeleton was performed by means of SDS-PAGE, and spectrin dimer percentage was assessed by non denaturing @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Limited tryptic digestion of spectrin was employed in @entity1 showing an abnormal dimer increase, and the amount of abnormal alpha I peptide was estimated. Molecular defects were detected by means of PCR of alpha and beta spectrin genes and direct sequencing of genomic DNA. RESULTS: We found a very heterogeneous spectrum of cytoskeletal alterations: 18 (29%) subjects showed partial protein 4.1 deficiency, whereas 31 (51%) displayed an increased amount of spectrin dimers; we were not able to detect any alteration in 12 (20%) HE @entity1 . @entity1 enrolled in this study were widely distributed throughout Italy. CONCLUSIONS: The subgroup of HE @entity1 related to 4.1 deficiency is homogeneously asymptomatic, whereas forms due to disruption of the spectrin tetramerization site are very heterogeneous, and clinical severity appears to be related to spectrin dimers and especially to spectrin content. These two parameters in turn are related to the presence of a low expression alpha allele in trans and to the degree of disruption of head-to-head contact between alpha and beta chains.

title: Molecular heterogeneity of XXXX in Italy.

entities_list: @entity9048 :: ('MESH:D004612', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary elliptocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity14451 :: ('MESH:D000745', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic disorder']

answer: @entity9048 :: (MESH:D004612,Disease) :: ['hereditary elliptocytosis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine and compare whole-body and segmental impedance measurements in control subjects and @entity1 with progression of @entity409 and to investigate whole-body and segmental bioelectrical changes occurring during dehydration therapy or paracentesis. Males have lower resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) values than females in measurements both of the whole body and of the arm, leg, and trunk. This is not true in @entity1 . In the three groups of @entity1 , whole-body R and Xc were lower in each @entity66 stage, suggesting that stage has a significant main effect on impedance measurements. The lower extremities were the segment most influenced by the progression of @entity409 . The sum of the arm and leg R was only slightly lower than the value of whole-body resistance. The trunk has a meager influence on this parameter, as is clearly shown by the absence of variations before and immediately after paracentesis. In @entity4 @entity1 without @entity843 treated with diuretics, our data also showed a significant correlation (r = .81; SEE = 1.2) between changes in body weight (BW) and in the bioelectrical evaluation of total body water (TBW). The association of a prevalent increment of Xc (approximately 40%) with a reduction of extracellular water is the most significant bioelectrical event during dehydration therapy. All these findings show that impedance measurements have a low sensitivity in detecting the volume of @entity843 in cirrhotic @entity1 , whereas Xc has a clinical use in monitoring changes in extracellular water (EW).

title: Whole-body and segmental bioelectrical parameters in XXXX : effect of gender and disease stages.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['increased disease']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous cirrhotic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['chronic liver disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to study actual and perceived substance use in Canadian university students and to compare these rates with US peers. @entity1 : students (N = 1,203) from a large Canadian university. METHODS: @entity1 were surveyed using items from the National College Health (NCHA) Assessment of the American College Health Association questionnaire. RESULTS: @entity167 was the most common substance used (65.8%), followed by marijuana (13.5%) and cigarettes (13.5%). Substance use and norms were significantly less than the NCHA US data. Overall, respondents generally perceived the typical Canadian student to have used all 3 substances. Perceived norms significantly predicted use, with students more likely to use @entity167 , cigarettes, or marijuana if they perceived the typical student to use these substances. CONCLUSIONS: similar to their US peers, Canadian university students have inaccurate perceptions of peer substance use. These misperceptions may have potentially negative influences on actual substance use and could be a target for intervention. Further research examining the cross-cultural differences for @entity734 is warranted.

title: Social norms of XXXX , smoking, and marijuana use within a Canadian university setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and type of non-conversion @entity410 ( @entity410 ). BACKGROUND: Although @entity13299 is the most common @entity146 among @entity1 with @entity410 , many @entity1 with nonepileptic paroxysmal behavioral events have other @entity146 , with natural histories and treatments different from those of @entity13299 . DESIGN: Retrospective review of a series of consecutive admissions for video-electroencephalography monitoring. All @entity1 identified with @entity410 were interviewed by a psychiatrist. @entity1 with conversion and other @entity146 were divided into separate groups. SETTING: A comprehensive @entity302 center. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 evaluated for possible @entity302 had a @entity146 other than conversion that accounted for their events. Among these @entity1 , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Revised Third Edition (DSM-III-R) @entity148 (n = 9) were the most common diagnosed category, followed by all forms of @entity914 (n = 7) and impulse control problems in the setting of attention @entity71 residual type (n = 2). In contrast to 71 @entity1 with conversion @entity410 seen over the same period of time, the non-conversion group showed no female predominance and the nonconversion @entity1 were significantly less likely than the conversion @entity1 to have been physically or sexually abused in childhood or adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the validity of the nosologic distinction of nonconversion from conversion @entity410 and suggest that DSM-III-R @entity148 are an important diagnostic confound in clinical @entity302 .

title: Psychiatric classification of nonconversion XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['NES', 'nonepileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'Mental Disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['deficit disorder']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity13299 :: ('MESH:D003291', 'Disease') :: ['conversion disorder']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['nonepileptic seizures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Early pregnancy is one of the most critical periods of pregnancy, and many factors such as cytokines, enzymes, and members of the immune system have to cooperate in a balanced way. In the present study, the gene expression profiles of factors associated with pregnancy such as EGF, transforming growth factor beta, @entity73313 were analyzed in uterine tissues of female @entity468 . The @entity468 were assigned to five groups: G1 (embryo positive, n  =  7; 7th day after mating), G2 (after implantation, n  =  7; 20th day after mating), G3 (midgestation, n  =  7; 24-25th day after mating), G4 (late gestation, n  =  7; 30-45th day after mating), G5 (oocyte group, n  =  7; 7th day after estrus). Tissue samples from the uterus and placenta were collected after ovariohysterectomy. Relative messenger RNA levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. All the factors examined were detected in all tissue samples. In the course of pregnancy, significantly higher expression of EGF and @entity36947 in G2 than in G1 was observed (P  <  0.05). @entity73314 expression was higher in all groups than in G1 (P  <  0.05). Upregulation of EGF during implantation was detected. The expression of interferon gamma was significantly higher in G3 than in G1 (P  <  0.05). @entity4383 growth factor beta and @entity73315 were constantly expressed in all groups. In conclusion, the expressions of these factors in feline uterine tissue at different stages of pregnancy might indicate that these factors play roles in the development of pregnancy such as trophoblast invasion, vascularization, implantation, and placentation.

title: Gene expression profiles of some cytokines, growth factors, receptors, and enzymes (GM-CSF, IFNy, XXXX , IGF-II, EGF, TGF-b, IGF-IIR) during pregnancy in the cat uterus.

entities_list: @entity73315 :: ('101094153', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity73313 :: ('100500935;101098838', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon gamma, insulin-like growth factor 2, insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor, and matrix metalloproteinase 2']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['Transforming']

entities_list: @entity73314 :: ('101093644', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor 2']

entities_list: @entity36947 :: ('101098838', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 2']

answer: @entity36947 :: (101098838,Gene) :: ['MMP-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with advanced, inoperable @entity135 have cure rates of approximately 10-15%. In these @entity1 , concomitant chemoradiotherapy seems to improve local control and survival. @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) administered by continuous infusion and @entity900 plus concomitant conventional radiation therapy may be promising in treating advanced, inoperable @entity135 . METHODS: Forty-five evaluable @entity1 with primary nonmetastatic, inoperable @entity135 were treated. From January 1987 to April 1988, the @entity1 were treated with @entity900 plus radiation therapy (Group 1) and from May 1988 to November 1990, they were treated with the same combination plus @entity1487 , given in continuous infusion (Group 2). Clinical and pathologic responses were assessed after radiation therapy was completed. @entity1 who relapsed underwent salvage surgery, if possible. The disease free and overall survival rates of the @entity1 were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall response rate (complete and partial response) was 93%, 60% of which comprised complete remissions. Despite the high response rates obtained in the two groups, the time to progression for complete responses and the median survival time were unsatisfactory (13 [Group 1] and 10 months [Group 2] and 17 [Group 1] and 16 months [Group 2], respectively). The @entity137 rate from the two treatments was not relevant. A Grade II @entity33 , according to the World Health Organization, was found in 25 @entity1 , and the treatment was interrupted for 7-10 days in 5. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, despite an improvement in the number of complete responses, the chemotherapeutic regimen with or without @entity1487 did not prolong the overall @entity1 survival significantly.

title: Simultaneous radiochemotherapy in the treatment of inoperable, locally advanced XXXX . A single-institution study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of advanced, inoperable, or recurrent @entity5 represents a clinical challenge. The results obtained with conventional radiotherapy are disappointing. To improve the early response and local control of @entity5 , local microwave @entity221 was used in combination with ionizing radiation in a biinstitutional Phase I/II study. METHODS: From 1984 to 1991, 13 @entity1 (20 lesions) with advanced (10 lesions) or recurrent (10 lesions) @entity5 (15 primaries and the remaining 5 nodal metastases), were treated with 300-915 MHz of external @entity221 after external irradiation. Heat was applied twice weekly at a minimum desired temperature of 42.0 degrees C for 30 minutes at steady state. Ionizing radiation was delivered using photon, electron, or mixed electron-photon beams; the prescribed total dose was 70 Gy and 30 Gy for untreated and previously treated lesions, respectively; the median computed total dose was 66 Gy for previously untreated @entity1 (range, 56-70 Gy) and 30 Gy for previously irradiated @entity1 (range, 28-32 Gy). RESULTS: Acute side effects were limited. Major acute @entity137 included three @entity1 (15%) with superficial @entity39 , two of three who healed spontaneously in 4 and 6 months. Clinical response evaluated during the third month after the completion of therapy found that 16/20 @entity1 (80%) had a complete response (CR), and 4 (20%) had a partial response. Four out of 16 @entity1 who had CRs (20%) had a local recurrence, resulting in an actuarial local control at 5 years of 62.3 +/- 13.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The combined treatment of local microwave @entity221 and ionizing radiation proved to be feasible and moderately toxic for @entity1 with advanced, inoperable, or recurrent @entity5 . Even if clinical result evaluation was not the study endpoint, early response, and 5-year local control rates were encouraging.

title: XXXX and radiation therapy for inoperable or recurrent parotid carcinoma. A phase I/II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['parotid tumors']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Hyperthermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5555 ( @entity5555 ) has become a commonly used technology in animal breeding. In crops, it is expected to significantly improve the genetic gains per unit of time. So far, its implementation in plant breeding has been mainly investigated in species farmed as homogeneous varieties. Concerning crops farmed in family pools, only a few theoretical studies are currently available. Here, we test the opportunity to implement @entity5555 in breeding of @entity5369 , using real data from a forage breeding program. Heading date was chosen as a model trait, due to its high heritability and ease of assessment. Genome Wide Association analysis was performed to uncover the genetic architecture of the trait. Then, Genomic Prediction (GP) models were tested and prediction accuracy was compared to the one obtained in traditional Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) methods. RESULTS: Several markers were significantly associated with heading date, some locating within or proximal to genes with a well-established role in floral regulation. GP models gave very high accuracies, which were significantly better than those obtained through traditional MAS. Accuracies were higher when predictions were made from related families and from larger training populations, whereas predicting from unrelated families caused the variance of the estimated breeding values to be biased downwards. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that there are good perspectives for @entity5555 implementation in @entity5369 breeding, and that problems resulting from low linkage disequilibrium (LD) can be reduced by the presence of structure and related families in the breeding population. While comprehensive Genome Wide Association analysis is difficult in species with extremely low LD, we did identify variants proximal to genes with a known role in flowering time (e.g. CONSTANS and Phytochrome C).

title: Genomic dissection and prediction of heading date in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5555 :: ('MESH:D042822', 'Disease') :: ['Genomic selection', 'GS']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['perennial ryegrass']

answer: @entity5369 :: (4522,Species) :: ['perennial ryegrass']


abstract: From 1982 to 1992, 25 @entity1 with @entity3526 ( @entity3526 ) were admitted with 20 undergoing surgery. Etiology included @entity731 56% (14/25), @entity12040 36% (9/25), 14 of them were smokers. @entity850 or occlusion of the left subclavian artery were found in 14, the right in 7, and bilateral in 4. 14 cases had vertigo symptoms, 24 cases had @entity613 of the arm, 9 of them complained @entity63 ( @entity63 ). Carotid to subclavian bypass were performed for 15 cases. Two @entity1 underwent axilloaxillary bypass with evidence of both clinical and laboratory improvement. Aorta-Carotid graft bypass was done in 2 cases with good result in one. PTA was done for a @entity1 with innominate severe @entity850 but symptom recurred three months later. Symptoms of the upper extremity @entity63 were relieved in 75% of the @entity1 , and of the @entity63 in 50%. Our conclusion is that surgical therapy remains the treatment of choice in symptomatic @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX : a report of 25 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular ischemia', 'transient ischemic attack', 'ischemia', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's disease"]

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['SSS', 'subclavian steal syndrome']

answer: @entity3526 :: (MESH:D013349,Disease) :: ['Subclavian steal syndrome']


abstract: AIM: @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) is a @entity404 (+)-mediated autoimmune pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) that is used as a model for the study of the @entity1 @entity66 , @entity15 . During the development of @entity6503 , auto-reactive @entity1198 and Th17 @entity404 (+) T cells infiltrate the CNS promoting inflammatory cells recruitment, focal @entity32 and tissue destruction. In this sense, @entity6817 , agents used to lower lipid levels, have recently shown to exert interesting immunomodulatory function. In fact, @entity6817 promote a bias towards a Th2 response, which ameliorates the clinical outcome of @entity6503 . Additionally, @entity3413 can inhibit Th17 differentiation. However, many other effects exerted on the immune system by @entity6817 have yet to be clarified, in particular during neuroinflammation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity3413 on the development of experimental autoimmune @entity1651 . METHODS: @entity19 were immunized with MOG35-55 and @entity6503 severity was assessed daily and scored using a clinical scale. Cytokine secretion by mononuclear cells infiltrating the CNS was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity3413 (5  mg/kg/day) improved clinical outcome, induced an increase in @entity2533 mRNA expression and inhibited @entity650 , IL-12p40, IL-12p70, @entity5737 and @entity12868 secretion (p  <  0.05). This was accompanied by a significant decrease in CNS inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration, with reduced frequencies of both @entity1198 and Th17 cells. @entity3413 inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes co-cultured with primary microglial cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3413 treatment promotes @entity6503 clinical amelioration by inhibiting T cell proliferation and CNS infiltration by pathogenic @entity1198 and Th17 cells.

title: @entity3413 ameliorates experimental autoimmune XXXX by inhibiting @entity1198 /Th17 response and cellular infiltration.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['neuroinflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1651 :: (MESH:D004679,Disease) :: ['encephalomyelitis']


abstract: AIM: @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) is a @entity404 (+)-mediated autoimmune pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) that is used as a model for the study of the @entity1 @entity66 , @entity15 . During the development of @entity6503 , auto-reactive @entity1198 and Th17 @entity404 (+) T cells infiltrate the CNS promoting inflammatory cells recruitment, focal @entity32 and tissue destruction. In this sense, @entity6817 , agents used to lower lipid levels, have recently shown to exert interesting immunomodulatory function. In fact, @entity6817 promote a bias towards a Th2 response, which ameliorates the clinical outcome of @entity6503 . Additionally, @entity3413 can inhibit Th17 differentiation. However, many other effects exerted on the immune system by @entity6817 have yet to be clarified, in particular during neuroinflammation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity3413 on the development of experimental autoimmune @entity1651 . METHODS: @entity19 were immunized with MOG35-55 and @entity6503 severity was assessed daily and scored using a clinical scale. Cytokine secretion by mononuclear cells infiltrating the CNS was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity3413 (5  mg/kg/day) improved clinical outcome, induced an increase in @entity2533 mRNA expression and inhibited @entity650 , IL-12p40, IL-12p70, @entity5737 and @entity12868 secretion (p  <  0.05). This was accompanied by a significant decrease in CNS inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration, with reduced frequencies of both @entity1198 and Th17 cells. @entity3413 inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes co-cultured with primary microglial cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3413 treatment promotes @entity6503 clinical amelioration by inhibiting T cell proliferation and CNS infiltration by pathogenic @entity1198 and Th17 cells.

title: XXXX ameliorates experimental autoimmune @entity1651 by inhibiting @entity1198 /Th17 response and cellular infiltration.

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['Simvastatin']


abstract: AIM: @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) is a @entity404 (+)-mediated autoimmune pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) that is used as a model for the study of the @entity1 @entity66 , @entity15 . During the development of @entity6503 , auto-reactive @entity1198 and Th17 @entity404 (+) T cells infiltrate the CNS promoting inflammatory cells recruitment, focal @entity32 and tissue destruction. In this sense, @entity6817 , agents used to lower lipid levels, have recently shown to exert interesting immunomodulatory function. In fact, @entity6817 promote a bias towards a Th2 response, which ameliorates the clinical outcome of @entity6503 . Additionally, @entity3413 can inhibit Th17 differentiation. However, many other effects exerted on the immune system by @entity6817 have yet to be clarified, in particular during neuroinflammation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity3413 on the development of experimental autoimmune @entity1651 . METHODS: @entity19 were immunized with MOG35-55 and @entity6503 severity was assessed daily and scored using a clinical scale. Cytokine secretion by mononuclear cells infiltrating the CNS was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity3413 (5  mg/kg/day) improved clinical outcome, induced an increase in @entity2533 mRNA expression and inhibited @entity650 , IL-12p40, IL-12p70, @entity5737 and @entity12868 secretion (p  <  0.05). This was accompanied by a significant decrease in CNS inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration, with reduced frequencies of both @entity1198 and Th17 cells. @entity3413 inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes co-cultured with primary microglial cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3413 treatment promotes @entity6503 clinical amelioration by inhibiting T cell proliferation and CNS infiltration by pathogenic @entity1198 and Th17 cells.

title: @entity3413 ameliorates experimental autoimmune @entity1651 by inhibiting XXXX /Th17 response and cellular infiltration.

answer: @entity1198 :: (51497,Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: AIM: Professional soccer players are subjected to substantial physical loads during competitive seasons. We aimed to explore the changes induced by a soccer match on @entity121 and @entity32 biomarkers, and their relationship with @entity1295 parameters. METHODS: Twenty young male professional in-field soccer players from an Italian Serie A team (age 17-20 years, weight 73.0  7.0 kg, height 1.81  0.05m) played a 90-minute soccer match. Players' distances and velocities were recorded during the match. Before the match and 30 minutes, 24 and 48 hours after the match, blood samples were drawn and a full blood cell count was determined, along with serum @entity908 kinase (CK), @entity650 (hsIL-6), @entity701 and @entity251 . At the same time intervals, counter-movement jump (CMJ) performance was recorded. RESULTS: The players covered fewer meters at low velocities in the second period while the meters covered at higher intensity remained unchanged. CMJ height was lower at all post-game time-points compared to the pre-game measurement. Immediately after the match, CK, hs-IL6 and neutrophil counts were elevated. 24 and 48 hours after the match, CK and neutrophil counts remained significantly elevated. The distance covered during the game was found to be correlated with the values for post-match hsIL-6 (  =0.521, p=0.027), post 24-hour @entity701 (r=0.502, p=0.034) and the increase in @entity701 at 48 hours with respect to pre-match values (r=0.515, p=0.029). CONCLUSION: A soccer match provokes a transient systemic imbalance that results in @entity121 and inflammatory and performance- related parameter changes. HsIL-6 and @entity701 could be used to monitor recovery processes and as @entity1295 markers, even for short time periods.

title: Changes in XXXX , @entity32 , and @entity1295 -related parameters in young elite soccer players after a match.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle damage']


abstract: AIM: Professional soccer players are subjected to substantial physical loads during competitive seasons. We aimed to explore the changes induced by a soccer match on @entity121 and @entity32 biomarkers, and their relationship with @entity1295 parameters. METHODS: Twenty young male professional in-field soccer players from an Italian Serie A team (age 17-20 years, weight 73.0  7.0 kg, height 1.81  0.05m) played a 90-minute soccer match. Players' distances and velocities were recorded during the match. Before the match and 30 minutes, 24 and 48 hours after the match, blood samples were drawn and a full blood cell count was determined, along with serum @entity908 kinase (CK), @entity650 (hsIL-6), @entity701 and @entity251 . At the same time intervals, counter-movement jump (CMJ) performance was recorded. RESULTS: The players covered fewer meters at low velocities in the second period while the meters covered at higher intensity remained unchanged. CMJ height was lower at all post-game time-points compared to the pre-game measurement. Immediately after the match, CK, hs-IL6 and neutrophil counts were elevated. 24 and 48 hours after the match, CK and neutrophil counts remained significantly elevated. The distance covered during the game was found to be correlated with the values for post-match hsIL-6 (  =0.521, p=0.027), post 24-hour @entity701 (r=0.502, p=0.034) and the increase in @entity701 at 48 hours with respect to pre-match values (r=0.515, p=0.029). CONCLUSION: A soccer match provokes a transient systemic imbalance that results in @entity121 and inflammatory and performance- related parameter changes. HsIL-6 and @entity701 could be used to monitor recovery processes and as @entity1295 markers, even for short time periods.

title: Changes in @entity121 , @entity32 , and XXXX -related parameters in young elite soccer players after a match.

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: AIM: Professional soccer players are subjected to substantial physical loads during competitive seasons. We aimed to explore the changes induced by a soccer match on @entity121 and @entity32 biomarkers, and their relationship with @entity1295 parameters. METHODS: Twenty young male professional in-field soccer players from an Italian Serie A team (age 17-20 years, weight 73.0  7.0 kg, height 1.81  0.05m) played a 90-minute soccer match. Players' distances and velocities were recorded during the match. Before the match and 30 minutes, 24 and 48 hours after the match, blood samples were drawn and a full blood cell count was determined, along with serum @entity908 kinase (CK), @entity650 (hsIL-6), @entity701 and @entity251 . At the same time intervals, counter-movement jump (CMJ) performance was recorded. RESULTS: The players covered fewer meters at low velocities in the second period while the meters covered at higher intensity remained unchanged. CMJ height was lower at all post-game time-points compared to the pre-game measurement. Immediately after the match, CK, hs-IL6 and neutrophil counts were elevated. 24 and 48 hours after the match, CK and neutrophil counts remained significantly elevated. The distance covered during the game was found to be correlated with the values for post-match hsIL-6 (  =0.521, p=0.027), post 24-hour @entity701 (r=0.502, p=0.034) and the increase in @entity701 at 48 hours with respect to pre-match values (r=0.515, p=0.029). CONCLUSION: A soccer match provokes a transient systemic imbalance that results in @entity121 and inflammatory and performance- related parameter changes. HsIL-6 and @entity701 could be used to monitor recovery processes and as @entity1295 markers, even for short time periods.

title: Changes in @entity121 , XXXX , and @entity1295 -related parameters in young elite soccer players after a match.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The purpose of this work is to study the causes of early and late in-hospital mortality of @entity583 , to define elements of prognosis and to attempt to prevent the fatal outcome of the @entity301 . This study concerns 107 @entity1 and 33 @entity1 , between the ages of 30 and 83 years (mean age 62.8 years). The total mortality is 12% (early: 6.5%, late: 5.5%. 66% of the @entity1 are over 60 and 45% present 3 or more coronary risks factors. The clinical picture is characterized by frequent initial complications (84% of the cases), dominated by hemodynamic failure. The @entity1188 is most of the time located anteriorly (56.6% of the cases). Primary @entity1455 represents the main cause of early mortality (55.3%). A recurrent @entity1188 represents 75% of the causes of late deaths. Tri-vessels involvement and alteration of the ventricular function are noted in 9 out of 14 coronary arteriograms. Prognosis factors are proposed to differentiate high risk @entity1 requiring an early coronary arteriogram in view of a specific medical and/or surgical treatment. The best signs of a poor prognosis are: tri-vessels involvement and alteration of the ventricular function.

title: [Early and late hospital mortality in XXXX . Causes and prognostic factors. Apropos of 140 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Risk models and scores have been developed to predict incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 in Western populations, but their performance may differ when applied to non-Western populations. We developed and validated a risk score for predicting 3-year incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 in a Japanese population. METHODS: @entity1 were 37,416 @entity1 and @entity1 , aged 30 or older, who received periodic health checkup in 2008-2009 in eight companies. @entity6 was defined as fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) >= 126 mg/dl, random plasma @entity413 >= 200 mg/dl, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >= 6.5%, or receiving medical treatment for @entity6 . Risk scores on non-invasive and invasive models including FPG and HbA1c were developed using logistic regression in a derivation cohort and validated in the remaining cohort. RESULTS: The area under the curve (AUC) for the non-invasive model including age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, @entity101 , and smoking status was 0.717 (95% CI, 0.703-0.731). In the invasive model in which both FPG and HbA1c were added to the non-invasive model, AUC was increased to 0.893 (95% CI, 0.883-0.902). When the risk scores were applied to the validation cohort, AUCs (95% CI) for the non-invasive and invasive model were 0.734 (0.715-0.753) and 0.882 (0.868-0.895), respectively. @entity1 with a non-invasive score of >= 15 and invasive score of >= 19 were projected to have >20% and >50% risk, respectively, of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 within 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: The simple risk score of the non-invasive model might be useful for predicting @entity2175 , and its predictive performance may be markedly improved by incorporating FPG and HbA1c.

title: Development of Risk Score for Predicting 3-Year Incidence of XXXX : Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['incident type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['Type 2 Diabetes']


abstract: The working hypothesis was that the amount of increase in secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) that results from positive feedback of @entity53 (E2) is dependent on season of the year in mature @entity291 females. Seven beef @entity291 , ovariectomized approximately 2 mo before the initiation of the experiment, were used in the initial year (1983) of the study. Three of the ovariectomized @entity291 (OVX-E2) received an sc E2 implant, which provided low circulating levels of E2. The remaining four @entity291 (OVX) were not implanted. Blood samples were collected serially (at 10-min intervals for 6 h) at each spring and fall equinox and at each summer and winter solstice. This protocol was replicated with a different group of @entity291 in 1985 (OVX-E2, n = 4; OVX, n = 6). Concentration of LH in blood serum was quantified in all samples. Concentration of E2 in blood serum was measured in pools of samples from each serial blood collection. Concentrations of E2 were higher (P less than .05) in the implanted @entity291 . Mean concentration of LH and amplitude of pulses of LH were higher (P less than .05) at each season of the year in @entity291 that were ovariectomized and implanted with E2 than in @entity291 that were ovariectomized and did not receive E2. An effect of season of the year on mean concentration of LH was detected (P less than .01). No influence of season or E2 was detected for frequency of pulses of LH. There was no significant treatment X season interaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Feedback of XXXX on secretion of luteinizing hormone during different seasons of the year.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['17 beta-estradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite limitations of routine methods, Clinical Practice Guidelines support the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) and @entity729 in renal transplant recipients. Changes in fat mass also occur post-transplantation, although they are traditionally difficult to measure accurately. We report the feasibility, convenience and accuracy of measuring the above 3 parameters using a novel CT protocol. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 64 first renal allograft recipients ( @entity470   >   30  ml/min/1.73  m(2)). Quantitative CT (QCT) BMD analysis was conducted using CT lumbar spine (GE Medical Systems Lightspeed VCT _ Mindways QCT Pro Bone Mineral Densitometry System Version 4.2.3) to calculate spinal volumetric BMD and compared with standard DXA calculated areal BMD at the spine, hip and distal forearm. @entity730 was assessed by semi-quantitative @entity730 Index (ACI) method and compared with lateral lumbar x-ray Kappuila score and pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ). Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (Osirix 16 Ver 3.7.1) was compared with BMI. RESULTS: @entity1 were 61  % male, had a mean age of 47  years, median ESKD duration of 5.4  years and a mean @entity470 of 54  ml/min. iDXA median T-score at proximal femur was -1.2 and at lumbar spine was -0.2. Median QCT Trabecular T-score at lumbar spine was -1.2. The percent of subjects with a T-score of <2.5 by site and method was DXA Proximal Femur: 7  %, DXA distal radius: 17  %, DXA spine: 9  %, QCT (American College of Radiology cutoffs): 9  %. CT derived ACI correlated with @entity122 (r   =   0.29, p   =   0.02), pulse wave pressure (r   =   0.51, p   <   0.001), QCT Trabecular (-0.31, p   =   0.01) and cortical volumetric BMD and history of cardiovascular events (Mann-Whitney U, p   =   0.02). Both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue correlated with BMI (r   =   0.63 _ 0.64, p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Single CT scan triple assessment of BMD, @entity729 and body composition is an efficient, accurate and convenient method of risk factor monitoring post renal transplantation.

title: Comparison of single CT scan assessment of bone mineral density, XXXX and fat mass with standard clinical measurements in renal transplant subjects: the ABC HeART study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal aortic calcification', 'Aortic Calcification']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['vascular calcification']


abstract: PURPOSE: To improve early diagnosis of @entity263 to aid clinical decision-making. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is sensitive to water diffusion throughout tissues, which correlates with Gleason score, a histological measure of @entity263 @entity146 . In this study the ability of DW-MRI to @entity263 onset and development was evaluated in transgenic @entity420 of the @entity19 prostate ( @entity19989 ) @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2 -weighted and DW-MRI were acquired using a 7T MR scanner, 200   mm bore diameter; 10 @entity19989 and 6 C57BL/6 control @entity19 were scanned every 4 weeks from 8 weeks of age until sacrifice at 28-30 weeks. After sacrifice, the genitourinary tract was excised and sectioned for histological analysis. Histology slides registered with DW-MR images allowed for validation of DW-MR images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as tools for @entity5 detection and disease stratification. An automated early assessment tool based on ADC threshold values was developed to aid @entity5 detection and progression monitoring. RESULTS: The ADC differentiated between control prostate ((1.86        0.20)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) and normal @entity19989 prostate ((1.38        0.10)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0001), between @entity19989 prostate and well-differentiated @entity5 ((0.93        0.18)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0006), and between well-differentiated @entity5 and poorly differentiated @entity5 ((0.63        0.06)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.02). CONCLUSION: DW-MRI is a tool for early detection of @entity5 , and discrimination between @entity5 stages in the @entity19989 model. The incorporation of DW-MRI-based @entity263 stratification and monitoring could increase the accuracy of preclinical trials using @entity19989 @entity19 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1207-1217.

title: Diffusion-weighted MRI for early detection and characterization of XXXX in the transgenic @entity420 of the @entity19 prostate model.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['detect prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To improve early diagnosis of @entity263 to aid clinical decision-making. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is sensitive to water diffusion throughout tissues, which correlates with Gleason score, a histological measure of @entity263 @entity146 . In this study the ability of DW-MRI to @entity263 onset and development was evaluated in transgenic @entity420 of the @entity19 prostate ( @entity19989 ) @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2 -weighted and DW-MRI were acquired using a 7T MR scanner, 200   mm bore diameter; 10 @entity19989 and 6 C57BL/6 control @entity19 were scanned every 4 weeks from 8 weeks of age until sacrifice at 28-30 weeks. After sacrifice, the genitourinary tract was excised and sectioned for histological analysis. Histology slides registered with DW-MR images allowed for validation of DW-MR images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as tools for @entity5 detection and disease stratification. An automated early assessment tool based on ADC threshold values was developed to aid @entity5 detection and progression monitoring. RESULTS: The ADC differentiated between control prostate ((1.86        0.20)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) and normal @entity19989 prostate ((1.38        0.10)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0001), between @entity19989 prostate and well-differentiated @entity5 ((0.93        0.18)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0006), and between well-differentiated @entity5 and poorly differentiated @entity5 ((0.63        0.06)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.02). CONCLUSION: DW-MRI is a tool for early detection of @entity5 , and discrimination between @entity5 stages in the @entity19989 model. The incorporation of DW-MRI-based @entity263 stratification and monitoring could increase the accuracy of preclinical trials using @entity19989 @entity19 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1207-1217.

title: Diffusion-weighted MRI for early detection and characterization of @entity263 in the transgenic XXXX of the @entity19 prostate model.

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To improve early diagnosis of @entity263 to aid clinical decision-making. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is sensitive to water diffusion throughout tissues, which correlates with Gleason score, a histological measure of @entity263 @entity146 . In this study the ability of DW-MRI to @entity263 onset and development was evaluated in transgenic @entity420 of the @entity19 prostate ( @entity19989 ) @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2 -weighted and DW-MRI were acquired using a 7T MR scanner, 200   mm bore diameter; 10 @entity19989 and 6 C57BL/6 control @entity19 were scanned every 4 weeks from 8 weeks of age until sacrifice at 28-30 weeks. After sacrifice, the genitourinary tract was excised and sectioned for histological analysis. Histology slides registered with DW-MR images allowed for validation of DW-MR images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as tools for @entity5 detection and disease stratification. An automated early assessment tool based on ADC threshold values was developed to aid @entity5 detection and progression monitoring. RESULTS: The ADC differentiated between control prostate ((1.86        0.20)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) and normal @entity19989 prostate ((1.38        0.10)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0001), between @entity19989 prostate and well-differentiated @entity5 ((0.93        0.18)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0006), and between well-differentiated @entity5 and poorly differentiated @entity5 ((0.63        0.06)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.02). CONCLUSION: DW-MRI is a tool for early detection of @entity5 , and discrimination between @entity5 stages in the @entity19989 model. The incorporation of DW-MRI-based @entity263 stratification and monitoring could increase the accuracy of preclinical trials using @entity19989 @entity19 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1207-1217.

title: Diffusion-weighted MRI for early detection and characterization of @entity263 in the transgenic @entity420 of the XXXX prostate model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line designated PC/AA, derived from a large pre-malignant @entity2513 from a @entity1 with @entity1412 (also referred to as @entity694 ) has become immortal in vitro. PC/AA has been passaged in vitro continuously for over 4 years and shows no signs of senescence. At early passage, PC/AA has a normal diploid karyotype but with late passage is showing signs of progression, becoming @entity296 . Every cell examined of late-passage PC/AA has an isochromosome (1q), and one other marker chromosome which is probably derived from an additional chromosome 8. The majority of cells examined have 48 chromosomes. Despite showing signs of progression in vitro, late-passage PC/AA has remained non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity19 and retained morphological differentiation characteristics of colonic cells, in particular the ability to synthesize and secrete mucin. Two other cell lines derived from small @entity652 did not become immortal in vitro and were also non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity19 . The isolation of an immortal pre-malignant @entity1 epithelial cell line could prove invaluable in studies on @entity1 @entity105 and @entity5 progression. Our results, showing that only a large @entity652 and no small @entity652 have given rise to immortal cell lines, raise the possibility that the acquisition of in vitro immortality is associated with a relatively late stage in the @entity2513 sequence. The possible involvement of chromosome 1 in @entity5 progression is discussed.

title: Immortalization of a @entity1 XXXX cell line by continuous in vitro passage: possible involvement of chromosome 1 in @entity5 progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid and displaying signs of morphological transformation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial polyposis coli']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma', 'colorectal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenoma']


abstract: A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line designated PC/AA, derived from a large pre-malignant @entity2513 from a @entity1 with @entity1412 (also referred to as @entity694 ) has become immortal in vitro. PC/AA has been passaged in vitro continuously for over 4 years and shows no signs of senescence. At early passage, PC/AA has a normal diploid karyotype but with late passage is showing signs of progression, becoming @entity296 . Every cell examined of late-passage PC/AA has an isochromosome (1q), and one other marker chromosome which is probably derived from an additional chromosome 8. The majority of cells examined have 48 chromosomes. Despite showing signs of progression in vitro, late-passage PC/AA has remained non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity19 and retained morphological differentiation characteristics of colonic cells, in particular the ability to synthesize and secrete mucin. Two other cell lines derived from small @entity652 did not become immortal in vitro and were also non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity19 . The isolation of an immortal pre-malignant @entity1 epithelial cell line could prove invaluable in studies on @entity1 @entity105 and @entity5 progression. Our results, showing that only a large @entity652 and no small @entity652 have given rise to immortal cell lines, raise the possibility that the acquisition of in vitro immortality is associated with a relatively late stage in the @entity2513 sequence. The possible involvement of chromosome 1 in @entity5 progression is discussed.

title: Immortalization of a @entity1 @entity2513 cell line by continuous in vitro passage: possible involvement of chromosome 1 in XXXX progression.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line designated PC/AA, derived from a large pre-malignant @entity2513 from a @entity1 with @entity1412 (also referred to as @entity694 ) has become immortal in vitro. PC/AA has been passaged in vitro continuously for over 4 years and shows no signs of senescence. At early passage, PC/AA has a normal diploid karyotype but with late passage is showing signs of progression, becoming @entity296 . Every cell examined of late-passage PC/AA has an isochromosome (1q), and one other marker chromosome which is probably derived from an additional chromosome 8. The majority of cells examined have 48 chromosomes. Despite showing signs of progression in vitro, late-passage PC/AA has remained non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity19 and retained morphological differentiation characteristics of colonic cells, in particular the ability to synthesize and secrete mucin. Two other cell lines derived from small @entity652 did not become immortal in vitro and were also non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity19 . The isolation of an immortal pre-malignant @entity1 epithelial cell line could prove invaluable in studies on @entity1 @entity105 and @entity5 progression. Our results, showing that only a large @entity652 and no small @entity652 have given rise to immortal cell lines, raise the possibility that the acquisition of in vitro immortality is associated with a relatively late stage in the @entity2513 sequence. The possible involvement of chromosome 1 in @entity5 progression is discussed.

title: Immortalization of a XXXX @entity2513 cell line by continuous in vitro passage: possible involvement of chromosome 1 in @entity5 progression.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Since 1966 the authors have encountered nine @entity4617 : eight @entity3291 and one @entity5 initially thought to be a @entity242 but histologically a @entity957 . Seven @entity3291 were left atrial and the other were right atrial in location. The @entity189 was predominantly located in the right ventricle. Eight of the nine @entity1 were female; ages ranged from 32 to 85 years. Of the @entity3291 , five displayed @entity221 and @entity1353 , two @entity712 and one transient @entity63 episodes. The @entity1 with @entity189 was in @entity712 . All @entity1 underwent cardiac catheterization as well as echocardiography when it became available. @entity3291 were correctly diagnosed preoperatively while three were thought to have @entity4794 . The @entity1 with @entity189 showed a large right ventricular filling defect and a picture of constriction. All @entity3291 @entity1 underwent surgery--three via left thoracotomy and five via sternotomy. Seven @entity1 survived; however, the @entity1 with right @entity4615 was explored via the left chest for @entity4794 and the @entity3291 was not discovered. She died of a @entity1151 pathologically confirmed as @entity3291 . All survivors have been followed by yearly echocardiograms and are free of recurrence. The @entity1 with @entity189 died before surgery could be performed. Autopsy revealed almost complete replacement of the right ventricle by @entity5 and @entity3822 . The terminal event was @entity957 . Although @entity4617 are a rare entity, a high incidence of suspicion plus modern diagnostic methods can yield the diagnosis and allow a curative operation.

title: XXXX in 19 years of private practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma', 'pulmonary embolus of squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['Five myxomas', 'myxomas', 'myxoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity4617 :: (MESH:D006338,Disease) :: ['Cardiac tumors']


abstract: Out of 44 @entity1 (with 200 mg/dl @entity165 ) 22, with constantly high levels of @entity165 were studied. All belong to a @entity1 population from Madrid which 95 percentile for @entity165 was 204 mg/dl. Fifty nine subjects, first degree relatives of these 22 @entity1 (17 families) plus probands were studied to determine if moderately elevated @entity165 levels during infancy are related to any form of @entity74 . Serum lipidic levels, anthropometric measurements, dietary habits a history of @entity65 ( @entity65 ), were evaluated in all these 81 individuals. @entity1007 was encountered in 13 of the 59 non probands and high @entity412 levels in 6 @entity1 . More than one member of the family was to have some form of @entity4977 in 12 of 17 families (71%) and in 10 the metabolic abnormality was of a type associated with a higher risk to suffer @entity65 . Five families had a combined @entity407 of the multiple lipoproteinemic (4 familiar heterozygotic @entity1007 and one @entity407 with a double phenotype II B and V). All family members were apparently healthy and had no knowledge of their underlying @entity14822 . In this group of families antecedents of morbi-mortality because of @entity731 were more frequent that in group control families. Authors conclude that a moderately elevated serum @entity165 level during infancy may be a marker for @entity4977 . Detection in infantile population of serum @entity165 levels 200 mg/dl should prompt us to perform a more complete lipidic evaluation both in @entity1 as well as in their families.

title: [Moderate XXXX in @entity1 . An index of familial pathology?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia', 'Hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipidic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['familial lipidic disorder']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['various familiar lipidic disorders', 'lipidic disorder']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['ACVD', 'atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: Out of 44 @entity1 (with 200 mg/dl @entity165 ) 22, with constantly high levels of @entity165 were studied. All belong to a @entity1 population from Madrid which 95 percentile for @entity165 was 204 mg/dl. Fifty nine subjects, first degree relatives of these 22 @entity1 (17 families) plus probands were studied to determine if moderately elevated @entity165 levels during infancy are related to any form of @entity74 . Serum lipidic levels, anthropometric measurements, dietary habits a history of @entity65 ( @entity65 ), were evaluated in all these 81 individuals. @entity1007 was encountered in 13 of the 59 non probands and high @entity412 levels in 6 @entity1 . More than one member of the family was to have some form of @entity4977 in 12 of 17 families (71%) and in 10 the metabolic abnormality was of a type associated with a higher risk to suffer @entity65 . Five families had a combined @entity407 of the multiple lipoproteinemic (4 familiar heterozygotic @entity1007 and one @entity407 with a double phenotype II B and V). All family members were apparently healthy and had no knowledge of their underlying @entity14822 . In this group of families antecedents of morbi-mortality because of @entity731 were more frequent that in group control families. Authors conclude that a moderately elevated serum @entity165 level during infancy may be a marker for @entity4977 . Detection in infantile population of serum @entity165 levels 200 mg/dl should prompt us to perform a more complete lipidic evaluation both in @entity1 as well as in their families.

title: [Moderate @entity1007 in XXXX . An index of familial pathology?].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A familial case of @entity73316 , occurring in a mother and her daughter, is reported. A 12-year old @entity1032 @entity1 was seen with a history of repeated ecchymoses despite normal hemostasis. On clinical examination, the skin was diffusely atrophic with @entity194 and wrinkling most pronounced on the extremities. The venous pattern was noticeable on the upper aspect of the anterior trunk and the extremities. The feet were small and the nose was pinched. "Cigarette paper" scars and molluscoid @entity6437 were seen over the elbows and the knees. Some skin hyperextensibility was noted and @entity12458 of the fingers was demonstrated. The fingernails, hair, dentition, and bone roentgenograms were normal. The mother, a 34-year old @entity1 , presented with the same abnormalities and reported the same condition in her mother. A younger brother was normal and there was no history of consanguinity. In both cases, the skin biopsy specimens showed @entity194 with irregular increase of the elastic staining material in the mid dermis. Ultrastructural studies showed a widened endoplasmic reticulum within the fibroblasts. Biochemical studies, performed in the daughter, showed complete lack of collagen III in the dermis. This, together with the visceral complications occurring in the mother and in previously reported @entity1 , suggests that @entity73316 represents a clinical variant of @entity4243 . Its association with @entity814 in the daughter is considered to be coincidental.

title: [ @entity4243 of XXXX type].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumors']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['phenylketonuria']

entities_list: @entity12458 :: ('MESH:D007594', 'Disease') :: ['loose-jointedness']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos type IV']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'dermal atrophy']

answer: @entity73316 :: (MESH:C538187,Disease) :: ['acrogeria']


abstract: A familial case of @entity73316 , occurring in a mother and her daughter, is reported. A 12-year old @entity1032 @entity1 was seen with a history of repeated ecchymoses despite normal hemostasis. On clinical examination, the skin was diffusely atrophic with @entity194 and wrinkling most pronounced on the extremities. The venous pattern was noticeable on the upper aspect of the anterior trunk and the extremities. The feet were small and the nose was pinched. "Cigarette paper" scars and molluscoid @entity6437 were seen over the elbows and the knees. Some skin hyperextensibility was noted and @entity12458 of the fingers was demonstrated. The fingernails, hair, dentition, and bone roentgenograms were normal. The mother, a 34-year old @entity1 , presented with the same abnormalities and reported the same condition in her mother. A younger brother was normal and there was no history of consanguinity. In both cases, the skin biopsy specimens showed @entity194 with irregular increase of the elastic staining material in the mid dermis. Ultrastructural studies showed a widened endoplasmic reticulum within the fibroblasts. Biochemical studies, performed in the daughter, showed complete lack of collagen III in the dermis. This, together with the visceral complications occurring in the mother and in previously reported @entity1 , suggests that @entity73316 represents a clinical variant of @entity4243 . Its association with @entity814 in the daughter is considered to be coincidental.

title: [ XXXX of @entity73316 type].

answer: @entity4243 :: (MESH:D004535,Disease) :: ['Type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome']


abstract: The bottleneck of VDD systems is the reliable detection of the small atrial signals by a floating atrial electrode. Fractally @entity3201 coated electrodes offer excellent sensing and pacing performance. In this study, the performance of such a floating @entity955 in P wave sensing and synchronous ventricular stimulation was examined. Atrial pacing was also used as a test of atrial wall contact. @entity1 AND METHODS: A fractally @entity3201 coated VDD lead was implanted in 18 @entity1 . In 15 @entity1 it was interfaced with a VDD pacemaker and in 3 @entity1 with a DDD system depending on the P wave amplitude measured acutely (> or = 2 mV). Simultaneous recordings of the surface ECG and pacemaker telemetry were used to analyze P wave amplitudes and AV synchrony in different body positions, and during normal and deep @entity1353 . Additionally, exercise tests based on daily life activities and 24-hour ECG monitoring were performed to test the pacemaker function. RESULTS: During implantation P wave amplitudes were 1.86 mV +/- 1.08 mV (range 0.5-4.9 mV) and during follow-up (6.6 +/- 5.6 weeks) 0.18-3.8 mV. Holter recordings revealed reliable P wave sensing at a sensitivity setting of 0.5 mV (95.5%). P wave sensing was further improved by a higher atrial sensitivity. AV synchronous pacing > or = 99.9% was achieved in all @entity1 . In 7 @entity1 the atrial electrode could be positioned close to the atrial wall enabling atrial stimulation thresholds at an average of 4.3 volts. CONCLUSION: This fractally @entity3201 coated VVD lead allowed consistent and reliable P wave sensing at an atrial sensitivity as low as 0.5 mV in selected @entity1 .

title: P wave recognition and atrial stimulation with fractally XXXX coated VDD single pass leads.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial lead']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

answer: @entity3201 :: (MESH:D007495,Chemical) :: ['iridium']


abstract: The long term sequelae of hair cell destruction consequent from administration of the @entity2167 @entity4028 antibiotic, @entity5154 , were evaluated in histological and ultrastructural studies of cochlear morphology in @entity468 . @entity393 , as defined by an absence of brainstem evoked responses to click stimulation at 120 dB peak SPL, was induced by intramuscular injections of @entity5154 at 50 mg/kg body weight/day, and cochlear pathology was studied at 6 months and 1, 3 and 4 years following onset of profound @entity2319 . In these long term @entity2167 cases the organ of Corti was collapsed and resorbed over the basal one-quarter to three-quarters of the cochlear spiral, depending on duration of @entity2319 . Significant progressive reduction in the @entity4494 cell population and sequential degenerative alterations in the remaining neurons were observed with increasing time elapsed after induced @entity393 . The sequence of pathological alterations in @entity528 appeared to be: a) swelling, @entity17 and @entity1897 ; b) @entity17 and shrinkage of the cell soma with preservation of the central axon; and c) @entity17 of the central axon and degeneration of the cell perikaryon. In apical cochlear regions, severe degeneration of the @entity4494 preceded the collapse of the tunnel of Corti and regional loss of pillar cells. Residual populations of @entity528 were as low as 1-2% of the normal values in the most severely degenerated cochleae in the series. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies revealed a selective survival advantage for the unmyelinated type II neurons over the myelinated type I neurons with these long survival periods. The prolonged time course and atrophic nature of these pathological alterations suggests that degeneration of @entity528 progresses continuously following drug-induced insult to the cochlea. Some possible factors contributing to this long term progressive degeneration will be discussed.

title: Cochlear pathology of long term @entity5154 induced @entity2319 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxic', 'ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the peripheral dendrites']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin sulfate', 'neomycin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'Complete hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion neurons']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: The long term sequelae of hair cell destruction consequent from administration of the @entity2167 @entity4028 antibiotic, @entity5154 , were evaluated in histological and ultrastructural studies of cochlear morphology in @entity468 . @entity393 , as defined by an absence of brainstem evoked responses to click stimulation at 120 dB peak SPL, was induced by intramuscular injections of @entity5154 at 50 mg/kg body weight/day, and cochlear pathology was studied at 6 months and 1, 3 and 4 years following onset of profound @entity2319 . In these long term @entity2167 cases the organ of Corti was collapsed and resorbed over the basal one-quarter to three-quarters of the cochlear spiral, depending on duration of @entity2319 . Significant progressive reduction in the @entity4494 cell population and sequential degenerative alterations in the remaining neurons were observed with increasing time elapsed after induced @entity393 . The sequence of pathological alterations in @entity528 appeared to be: a) swelling, @entity17 and @entity1897 ; b) @entity17 and shrinkage of the cell soma with preservation of the central axon; and c) @entity17 of the central axon and degeneration of the cell perikaryon. In apical cochlear regions, severe degeneration of the @entity4494 preceded the collapse of the tunnel of Corti and regional loss of pillar cells. Residual populations of @entity528 were as low as 1-2% of the normal values in the most severely degenerated cochleae in the series. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies revealed a selective survival advantage for the unmyelinated type II neurons over the myelinated type I neurons with these long survival periods. The prolonged time course and atrophic nature of these pathological alterations suggests that degeneration of @entity528 progresses continuously following drug-induced insult to the cochlea. Some possible factors contributing to this long term progressive degeneration will be discussed.

title: Cochlear pathology of long term @entity5154 induced XXXX in @entity468 .

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['deafness']


abstract: The long term sequelae of hair cell destruction consequent from administration of the @entity2167 @entity4028 antibiotic, @entity5154 , were evaluated in histological and ultrastructural studies of cochlear morphology in @entity468 . @entity393 , as defined by an absence of brainstem evoked responses to click stimulation at 120 dB peak SPL, was induced by intramuscular injections of @entity5154 at 50 mg/kg body weight/day, and cochlear pathology was studied at 6 months and 1, 3 and 4 years following onset of profound @entity2319 . In these long term @entity2167 cases the organ of Corti was collapsed and resorbed over the basal one-quarter to three-quarters of the cochlear spiral, depending on duration of @entity2319 . Significant progressive reduction in the @entity4494 cell population and sequential degenerative alterations in the remaining neurons were observed with increasing time elapsed after induced @entity393 . The sequence of pathological alterations in @entity528 appeared to be: a) swelling, @entity17 and @entity1897 ; b) @entity17 and shrinkage of the cell soma with preservation of the central axon; and c) @entity17 of the central axon and degeneration of the cell perikaryon. In apical cochlear regions, severe degeneration of the @entity4494 preceded the collapse of the tunnel of Corti and regional loss of pillar cells. Residual populations of @entity528 were as low as 1-2% of the normal values in the most severely degenerated cochleae in the series. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies revealed a selective survival advantage for the unmyelinated type II neurons over the myelinated type I neurons with these long survival periods. The prolonged time course and atrophic nature of these pathological alterations suggests that degeneration of @entity528 progresses continuously following drug-induced insult to the cochlea. Some possible factors contributing to this long term progressive degeneration will be discussed.

title: Cochlear pathology of long term XXXX induced @entity2319 in @entity468 .

answer: @entity5154 :: (MESH:D009355,Chemical) :: ['neomycin']


abstract: The Maze procedure has been developed as a surgical approach to the management of @entity1 with @entity955 refractory to medical treatment. The recent modification of the technique (Maze 3) achieves good rate control with coordinated AV contractions. However, the procedure involves cuts that completely isolate a block of left atrial (LA) wall, including the four ostia of the pulmonary veins. The electrical and mechanical activity of this isolated @entity13169 are dissociated from the rest of the atrium, and the area may, in fact, continue to fibrillate. This may provide a nidus for the development of @entity715 . The weight and endocardial surface area of the @entity13169 and of the entire LA were estimated in ten @entity406 fixed hearts from @entity130 victims with no evidence of @entity299 . In these samples, the @entity13169 represented 35% of the endocardial surface area of the entire LA and 29% of the weight. The @entity13169 is of sufficient size to allow macroreentrant circuits to form and has the potential to fibrillate if isolated from the rest of the atrium. We modified the Maze 3 procedure to recruit the otherwise isolated @entity13169 by using two additional cuts around each pair of pulmonary veins as they enter the LA. The first @entity1 who underwent the modified procedure demonstrated sinus rhythm on Holter monitoring postoperatively and remained in sinus rhythm following burst atrial pacing at 300 and 420 beats/min each for 30 seconds. In addition, atrial contractions were found to contribute 19% of the cardiac output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Maze 3 for XXXX : two cuts too few?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['mural thrombus']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown an increase in the prevalence of @entity943 with advancing age. However, little is known about @entity943 in centenarians. METHOD AND RESULTS: Thirty-two Japanese centenarians aged 100-106 years (14 males, 18 females) were studied. All of them had 12-lead ECGs, and 22 also had 24-hour ambulatory monitoring. As controls, 89 healthy Japanese elderly from the same geographic area underwent 12-lead ECG. Their mean age was 75 +/- 6 years with a range of 63-93 years, and there were 28 males and 61 females. Twenty-three of them also had Holter ECGs. On the 12-lead ECG, the heart rate was slightly, but significantly, higher in the centenarians (76.8 +/- 12.7 beats/min) than that in the elderly subjects (74.9 +/- 5.9 beats/min, P < 0.005). PQ and QTc were significantly longer in the centenarians (174 +/- 29 and 439 +/- 33 msec, respectively) compared with the elderly subjects (158 +/- 23 and 417 +/- 31 msec, P < 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). Supraventricular premature beats (SVPBs) were observed in 31% of the centenarians and in 4% of the elderly subjects (P < 0.001). First- and second-degree @entity713 was recorded in 25% of the centenarians and 1% of the elderly subjects (P < 0.001). @entity714 was found in 19% of the centenarians and 7% of the elderly subjects (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the frequency of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) or QRS voltage. On the Holter ECG, there were no significant differences in average heart rate, maximum heart rate, minimum heart rate, or the longest RR interval. A subgroup of centenarians had frequent SVPBs. However, none of them had > 1,000 VPBs/day as opposed to four elderly subjects (P < 0.01). @entity955 was not observed in any records of the centenarians despite the presence of frequent SVPBs. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that conduction disturbances of the AV nodal--His-Purkinje system and frequent SVPBs are common in centenarians, whereas very frequent VPBs and @entity955 seem less common.

title: XXXX in centenarians.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['Right bundle branch block']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Arrhythmias']


abstract: The purpose was to compare the psychosocial outcome in two groups of @entity161 @entity1 who were treated by different methods but were in other respects unselected, and to consider factors predictive of the outcome. The first sample, consisting of a total of 100 @entity1 , had received hospital and outpatient care, here called traditional; only 12 of them had received sustained psychotherapy. Of the second sample, comprising 75 @entity1 , 66 were treated in a psychotherapeutic community and 25 also received sustained psychotherapy. All @entity1 were interviewed by the author on an average of 8 years after the first hospitalization. The @entity1 treated in the psychotherapeutic community had remained longer under hospital care, particularly at first, and at the end of follow-up their functional capacity was lower, but they were more satisfied with the treatment received compared with the @entity1 treated traditionally. The samples did not differ in terms of clinical status. The severity of the @entity161 , including diagnostic category, and a tendency toward grandiose thinking emerged as the most important factors predictive of psychosocial outcome. Premorbid psychosocial development and social support were also relevant to the outcome. After taking the predictor variables into account, extensive hospital care was still associated with a poor outcome. This may in part explain why, despite the greater amount of psychotherapy provided, the functional capacity of the @entity1 who received psychotherapeutic community treatment had poorer outcome than those treated traditionally.

title: Psychosocial outcome in XXXX and psychotherapeutic orientation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic disorder', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Ninety @entity1 with @entity226 were followed up 9-16 years (median 11.3 years) after diagnosis. The mean duration of @entity228 therapy was 5.8 years (range 0-12.8 years). Together, the @entity1 had received corticosteroids for 492 @entity1 -years. Five years after diagnosis, 43% of the @entity1 were on corticosteroid therapy. After 9 years, 15 of 60 surviving @entity1 (25%) were still being treated with 1.25-10 mg of @entity617 daily (median dose 5 mg). The relapse rate was about 50%, regardless of the time after diagnosis, when an attempt to withdraw the treatment was made. Forty-six per cent of the relapses occurred within one month and 96% within one year of the end of treatment. Most of the flare-ups occurred during the first year of therapy and in 55% of the @entity1 on a @entity617 dosage of 5 mg or less. We did not find any increase in morbidity in our @entity1 compared to the general population. Nor did we see any significant complications which we could attribute to the @entity134 treatment.

title: Long-term corticosteroid treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['giant cell arteritis']


abstract: We studied 71 @entity1 with @entity2550 for the occurrence of pathologic urinary and renal findings. Transient @entity644 and/or microhematuria was found in 17 @entity1 (24%) and slightly elevated serum @entity1011 in seven @entity1 (10%). Renal biopsy was done in two @entity1 and revealed mild @entity631 in both cases. One of these @entity1 had IgA @entity631 and @entity6104 . @entity4658 occurred in 16 @entity1 (23%) and was frequently associated with @entity6104 . Seventy-three @entity1 with acute @entity177 were studied for the occurrence of @entity2550 by determining Yersinia antibodies by ELISA. One out of 13 @entity1 with acute @entity631 but none of 60 @entity1 with acute @entity8 had @entity2550 . Acute @entity2550 seems to be rarely an etiologic factor in acute @entity177 . Our results indicate that transient @entity644 , microhematuria, @entity4658 or @entity8 are frequent findings in @entity1 with @entity2550 . However, @entity631 seems to be a rather infrequent and mild @entity697 .

title: Urinary tract and renal findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity4658 :: ('MESH:D011776', 'Disease') :: ['Pyuria', 'pyuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial renal disease', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['complication of acute Yersinia infection']

entities_list: @entity2550 :: ('MESH:D015009', 'Disease') :: ['acute Yersinia infections', 'Yersinia infection', 'acute Yersinia infection']

entities_list: @entity6104 :: ('MESH:D016918', 'Disease') :: ["Reiter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial glomerulonephritis', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity2550 :: (MESH:D015009,Disease) :: ['acute Yersinia infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training devices are used in rehabilitation, and may help to improve arm function after @entity64 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength in @entity1 after @entity64 . We also assessed the acceptability and safety of the therapy. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane @entity64 Group's Trials Register (last searched February 2015), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library 2015, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1950 to March 2015), EMBASE (1980 to March 2015), CINAHL (1982 to March 2015), AMED (1985 to March 2015), SPORTDiscus (1949 to March 2015), PEDro (searched April 2015), Compendex (1972 to March 2015), and Inspec (1969 to March 2015). We also handsearched relevant conference proceedings, searched trials and research registers, checked reference lists, and contacted trialists, experts, and researchers in our field, as well as manufacturers of commercial devices. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for recovery of arm function with other rehabilitation or placebo interventions, or no treatment, for @entity1 after @entity64 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed trial quality and risk of bias, and extracted data. We contacted trialists for additional information. We analysed the results as standardised mean differences (SMDs) for continuous variables and risk differences (RDs) for dichotomous variables. MAIN RESULTS: We included 34 trials (involving 1160 @entity1 ) in this update of our review. Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training improved activities of daily living scores ( @entity7126 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11 to 0.64, P = 0.005, I   = 62%), arm function ( @entity7126 0.35, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.51, P < 0.0001, I   = 36%), and arm muscle strength ( @entity7126 0.36, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.70, P = 0.04, I   = 72%), but the quality of the evidence was low to very low. Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training did not increase the risk of @entity1 drop-out (RD 0.00, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.03, P = 0.84, I   = 0%) with moderate-quality evidence, and adverse events were rare. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who receive electromechanical and robot-assisted arm and hand training after @entity64 might improve their activities of daily living, arm and hand function, and arm and hand muscle strength. However, the results must be interpreted with caution because the quality of the evidence was low to very low, and there were variations between the trials in the intensity, duration, and amount of training; type of treatment; and @entity1 characteristics.

title: Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']