abstract: Recent studies have shown that hepatic mRNAS14 responds rapidly to thyroid hormone administration. Moreover, this mRNA is known to increase in mass with the administration of a high @entity1735 fat-free diet. Therefore, it appears to share many of the same properties of the known hepatic lipogenic enzymes. Because the lipogenic enzymes display a synergistic interaction between thyroid hormones and @entity3363 , we investigated the kinetics of response of mRNAS14 to @entity1735 feeding, as well as its interaction with @entity1954 (T3). We found that mRNAS14 responds rapidly to the dietary administration of @entity969 in euthyroid @entity35 , with a 2-fold increase within 30 min, and a 25-fold increase by 4 h. On the other hand, when given to @entity1375 @entity35 , @entity969 ultimately lead to only a 2-3-fold increase in the level of mRNAS14, attaining a level less than that found in starved euthyroid @entity35 . The diminished response of mRNAS14 to @entity969 in @entity1375 could not be enhanced by insulin administration. However, administration of replacement doses of T3 (400 ng/100 g of body weight) immediately restored the rapid response to @entity969 feeding. The response of @entity969 and T3 was synergistic. Dose-response studies with T3 indicated that the rapid interaction between T3 and @entity969 was limited by the occupancy of the T3 nuclear receptor. A similar synergistic response to T3 and @entity413 was noted in primary hepatocyte cultures, thus indicating that the synergism between these two stimuli is not due to changes in extrahepatic hormones or metabolites. Our data are most consistent with the hypothesis that the T3-nuclear receptor complex multiplies a signal generated by @entity1735 metabolism to induce hepatic mRNAS14. The interaction does not appear to require the preliminary induction of @entity1735 -metabolizing enzymes and their mRNAs.

title: Rapid synergistic interaction between thyroid hormone and XXXX on mRNAS14 induction.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: Fertility records (n = 1,802) were collected from 615 Charolais primiparous and multiparous @entity291 managed in an experimental herd over an 11-year period. The objectives of the study were to describe the genetic variability of the re-establishment of postpartum reproductive activity and the relationship with body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) at calving and age at puberty. The length of postpartum anoestrus was estimated based on weekly blood @entity1420 assays and on twice daily detection of oestrus behaviour. The first oestrus behaviour was observed 69 days (+/-25 days s.d.) post-calving and the first positive @entity1420 measurement (>or=1ng x ml(-1)) was observed at 66 days (+/-22 days s.d.) for the group of easy-calving multiparous suckling @entity291 . Estimates of heritability and repeatability were h2 = 0.12 and r = 0.38 respectively, for the interval from calving to first oestrus (ICO). Corresponding values were h2 = 0.35 and r = 0.60 for the interval from calving to the first positive @entity1420 test ( @entity428 ). The genetic correlation between both criteria was high (rg = 0.98). The genetic relationships between postpartum intervals and BW and BCS of the female at calving were negative: the genetic aptitude to be heavier at calving and to have high body reserves was related to shorter postpartum intervals. A favourable genetic correlation between age at puberty and postpartum intervals was found (rg between 0.45 and 0.70). The heifers which were genetically younger at puberty also had shorter postpartum intervals.

title: Genetic variability of the length of postpartum anoestrus in Charolais XXXX and its relationship with age at puberty.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) generated from @entity1808 is reported to act as an endogenous @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor and angiotensin type 1 ( @entity1809 )-receptor antagonist in vitro and in vivo. Ang-(1-7) has been suggested to play an important role in @entity101 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Therefore, we tested whether Ang-(1-7) differentially modulates vascular resistance and neurotransmission in isolated kidneys of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 stroke prone (SHR-SP) and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). Ang-(1-7) was administered in three concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 micromol/l) to prevent Ang I- and Ang II-induced pressor responses and facilitation of @entity1063 release. There were indeed concentration-dependent strain differences. Ang-(1-7) prevented Ang I- and Ang II-mediated changes in vascular resistance more potently in SHR-SP than in WKY by inhibiting @entity1811 and by blocking @entity1809 -receptors. Ang-(1-7) by itself had no influence on renal vascular tone in both strains. Ang-(1-7) inhibited Ang I-mediated facilitation of @entity1063 release more potently than Ang II-mediated facilitation of @entity1063 release. Ang-(1-7) by itself enhanced @entity1063 release from SHR-SP, but not from WKY kidneys. CONCLUSION: Ang-(1-7) had a greater impact on Ang I and Ang II modulation of renal vascular resistance in SHR-SP than in normotensive @entity35 . Furthermore, Ang-(1-7) by itself has facilitatory presynaptic effects on @entity1063 release but no postsynaptic effects on renal vascular resistance in SHR-SP. Since plasma levels of Ang-(1-7) accumulate during @entity1811 -inhibitor or @entity1809 -receptor antagonist therapy, Ang-(1-7) could contribute to antihypertensive effects of these agents.

title: Angiotensin-(1-7) modulates vascular resistance and sympathetic neurotransmission in kidneys of spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) generated from @entity1808 is reported to act as an endogenous @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor and angiotensin type 1 ( @entity1809 )-receptor antagonist in vitro and in vivo. Ang-(1-7) has been suggested to play an important role in @entity101 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Therefore, we tested whether Ang-(1-7) differentially modulates vascular resistance and neurotransmission in isolated kidneys of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 stroke prone (SHR-SP) and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). Ang-(1-7) was administered in three concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 micromol/l) to prevent Ang I- and Ang II-induced pressor responses and facilitation of @entity1063 release. There were indeed concentration-dependent strain differences. Ang-(1-7) prevented Ang I- and Ang II-mediated changes in vascular resistance more potently in SHR-SP than in WKY by inhibiting @entity1811 and by blocking @entity1809 -receptors. Ang-(1-7) by itself had no influence on renal vascular tone in both strains. Ang-(1-7) inhibited Ang I-mediated facilitation of @entity1063 release more potently than Ang II-mediated facilitation of @entity1063 release. Ang-(1-7) by itself enhanced @entity1063 release from SHR-SP, but not from WKY kidneys. CONCLUSION: Ang-(1-7) had a greater impact on Ang I and Ang II modulation of renal vascular resistance in SHR-SP than in normotensive @entity35 . Furthermore, Ang-(1-7) by itself has facilitatory presynaptic effects on @entity1063 release but no postsynaptic effects on renal vascular resistance in SHR-SP. Since plasma levels of Ang-(1-7) accumulate during @entity1811 -inhibitor or @entity1809 -receptor antagonist therapy, Ang-(1-7) could contribute to antihypertensive effects of these agents.

title: Angiotensin-(1-7) modulates vascular resistance and sympathetic neurotransmission in kidneys of spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity0 is rare. The case of a 61-year-old female is reported here. The @entity5 was clinically, radiologically and macroscopically demarcated. Diagnosis was based on histological and immunohistochemical studies. At the time of diagnosis the @entity5 consisted of myoepithelial cells with few cellular atypias and a low mitotic activity. @entity5 cells expressed @entity2277 , actin, @entity4483 protein and cytokeratin. No local or distant metastases were found. The @entity1 had been treated initially with a large excision of @entity5 . Local recurrences detected one year after initial surgery and showed a similar morphology and immunoreactivity with higher mitotic activity. Mastectomy with axillary dissection was performed. Neither recurrences nor distant metastases detected two years later. @entity20027 which are generally considered as benign or low-grade lesions can give rise to a wide range of clinical evolution.

title: [ XXXX . Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. A case report].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast myoepithelioma']

entities_list: @entity20027 :: ('MESH:D009208', 'Disease') :: ['Myoepithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast myoepithelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted images with histologic findings in assessing the depth of @entity3 by @entity1204 in @entity1870 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the MRIs of 11 @entity1 who had a total of 12 lesions of @entity1204 within @entity1870 . T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted images were compared with the histologic findings separately. We assessed the extent of @entity3 by @entity1204 . The depth of @entity3 seen on MRI was classified as stage S (superficial invasion), stage D (deep invasion), or undetectable. The @entity5 accuracies of each sequence were assessed. The @entity5 -myometrium contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated for each sequence. RESULTS: The histologic specimens revealed that @entity3 was deep in seven of 12 lesions and superficial in five. On T2-weighted images the depth of invasion was underestimated in two lesions and impossible to determine in five lesions. On dynamic T1-weighted images the depth of invasion was overestimated in one lesion and underestimated in one lesion. The @entity5 accuracy on dynamic T1-weighted images (83%) was significantly higher than that on T2-weighted images (42%). The contrast-to-noise ratio was significantly higher on dynamic T1-weighted studies during the early phase (mean +/- SD, 2.68 +/- 0.94) than it was on T2-weighted studies (1.74 +/- 1.05) and during the delayed phase (2.01 +/- 0.86). CONCLUSION: When @entity1870 coexists with @entity1204 at the same site on T2-weighted images, contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted imaging improves the accuracy of @entity5 .

title: @entity1204 in XXXX : assessment of @entity3 on T2-weighted spin-echo and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'staging']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity1870 :: (MESH:D062788,Disease) :: ['adenomyosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted images with histologic findings in assessing the depth of @entity3 by @entity1204 in @entity1870 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the MRIs of 11 @entity1 who had a total of 12 lesions of @entity1204 within @entity1870 . T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted images were compared with the histologic findings separately. We assessed the extent of @entity3 by @entity1204 . The depth of @entity3 seen on MRI was classified as stage S (superficial invasion), stage D (deep invasion), or undetectable. The @entity5 accuracies of each sequence were assessed. The @entity5 -myometrium contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated for each sequence. RESULTS: The histologic specimens revealed that @entity3 was deep in seven of 12 lesions and superficial in five. On T2-weighted images the depth of invasion was underestimated in two lesions and impossible to determine in five lesions. On dynamic T1-weighted images the depth of invasion was overestimated in one lesion and underestimated in one lesion. The @entity5 accuracy on dynamic T1-weighted images (83%) was significantly higher than that on T2-weighted images (42%). The contrast-to-noise ratio was significantly higher on dynamic T1-weighted studies during the early phase (mean +/- SD, 2.68 +/- 0.94) than it was on T2-weighted studies (1.74 +/- 1.05) and during the delayed phase (2.01 +/- 0.86). CONCLUSION: When @entity1870 coexists with @entity1204 at the same site on T2-weighted images, contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted imaging improves the accuracy of @entity5 .

title: @entity1204 in @entity1870 : assessment of XXXX on T2-weighted spin-echo and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['myometrial invasion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted images with histologic findings in assessing the depth of @entity3 by @entity1204 in @entity1870 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the MRIs of 11 @entity1 who had a total of 12 lesions of @entity1204 within @entity1870 . T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted images were compared with the histologic findings separately. We assessed the extent of @entity3 by @entity1204 . The depth of @entity3 seen on MRI was classified as stage S (superficial invasion), stage D (deep invasion), or undetectable. The @entity5 accuracies of each sequence were assessed. The @entity5 -myometrium contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated for each sequence. RESULTS: The histologic specimens revealed that @entity3 was deep in seven of 12 lesions and superficial in five. On T2-weighted images the depth of invasion was underestimated in two lesions and impossible to determine in five lesions. On dynamic T1-weighted images the depth of invasion was overestimated in one lesion and underestimated in one lesion. The @entity5 accuracy on dynamic T1-weighted images (83%) was significantly higher than that on T2-weighted images (42%). The contrast-to-noise ratio was significantly higher on dynamic T1-weighted studies during the early phase (mean +/- SD, 2.68 +/- 0.94) than it was on T2-weighted studies (1.74 +/- 1.05) and during the delayed phase (2.01 +/- 0.86). CONCLUSION: When @entity1870 coexists with @entity1204 at the same site on T2-weighted images, contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted imaging improves the accuracy of @entity5 .

title: XXXX in @entity1870 : assessment of @entity3 on T2-weighted spin-echo and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images.

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: We report data on 110 @entity1 aged <15 years diagnosed with @entity1778 during two periods covering 13.25 years. The data sets were consistent. The reported incidence of @entity1778 was low. Only 34 (31%) of the @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) compared with 54 (49%) @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). The overall mean (SD) age was 6.6 (3.5) years, 6.1 (3.5) for @entity981 and 6.9 (3.5) for @entity3052 . There was no evidence of an early childhood peak of @entity981 . The male : female ratio was 1.2 : 1 for all @entity1778 , 1.3 for @entity981 and 1.25 for @entity3052 . Only eight (22%) of those diagnosed with @entity981 were classified as type L1. Our figures reflect a relative absence of the common (cALL) cell type in early childhood @entity1778 and support the role of infection and its effect on the immune system in the aetiology of childhood @entity1778 . Our data also revealed an unusually high proportion of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ).

title: XXXX in @entity1 in Papua New Guinea: an unusual pattern.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'leukaemias']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukaemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Leukaemia']


abstract: We report data on 110 @entity1 aged <15 years diagnosed with @entity1778 during two periods covering 13.25 years. The data sets were consistent. The reported incidence of @entity1778 was low. Only 34 (31%) of the @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) compared with 54 (49%) @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). The overall mean (SD) age was 6.6 (3.5) years, 6.1 (3.5) for @entity981 and 6.9 (3.5) for @entity3052 . There was no evidence of an early childhood peak of @entity981 . The male : female ratio was 1.2 : 1 for all @entity1778 , 1.3 for @entity981 and 1.25 for @entity3052 . Only eight (22%) of those diagnosed with @entity981 were classified as type L1. Our figures reflect a relative absence of the common (cALL) cell type in early childhood @entity1778 and support the role of infection and its effect on the immune system in the aetiology of childhood @entity1778 . Our data also revealed an unusually high proportion of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ).

title: @entity1778 in XXXX in Papua New Guinea: an unusual pattern.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Forty-three @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen comprising @entity2879 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity1138 10 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and @entity786 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, every 4 weeks. The median age was 61, and the median initial @entity13770 . Fourteen @entity1 had received prior therapy. The response rates in previously untreated @entity1 were 25% (5/20) for @entity420 , 0% (0/4) for @entity957 , 0% (0/3) for @entity152 , and 18.5% (5/27) for all @entity1 . There were no responders among the pretreated @entity1 . The median survival time was 7 months for previously untreated @entity1 , 4 months for pretreated @entity1 and 6 months for all @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity420 survived significantly longer (8 months) than those with @entity957 (4 months) and @entity152 (3 months). @entity137 consisted of @entity1431 (74%), @entity417 (74%), @entity1209 (55%) and @entity1665 (94%).

title: [Combination chemotherapy with @entity2879 , XXXX , and @entity786 in advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea or vomiting']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: Forty-three @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen comprising @entity2879 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity1138 10 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and @entity786 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, every 4 weeks. The median age was 61, and the median initial @entity13770 . Fourteen @entity1 had received prior therapy. The response rates in previously untreated @entity1 were 25% (5/20) for @entity420 , 0% (0/4) for @entity957 , 0% (0/3) for @entity152 , and 18.5% (5/27) for all @entity1 . There were no responders among the pretreated @entity1 . The median survival time was 7 months for previously untreated @entity1 , 4 months for pretreated @entity1 and 6 months for all @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity420 survived significantly longer (8 months) than those with @entity957 (4 months) and @entity152 (3 months). @entity137 consisted of @entity1431 (74%), @entity417 (74%), @entity1209 (55%) and @entity1665 (94%).

title: [Combination chemotherapy with @entity2879 , @entity1138 , and XXXX in advanced @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: Forty-three @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen comprising @entity2879 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity1138 10 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and @entity786 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, every 4 weeks. The median age was 61, and the median initial @entity13770 . Fourteen @entity1 had received prior therapy. The response rates in previously untreated @entity1 were 25% (5/20) for @entity420 , 0% (0/4) for @entity957 , 0% (0/3) for @entity152 , and 18.5% (5/27) for all @entity1 . There were no responders among the pretreated @entity1 . The median survival time was 7 months for previously untreated @entity1 , 4 months for pretreated @entity1 and 6 months for all @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity420 survived significantly longer (8 months) than those with @entity957 (4 months) and @entity152 (3 months). @entity137 consisted of @entity1431 (74%), @entity417 (74%), @entity1209 (55%) and @entity1665 (94%).

title: [Combination chemotherapy with XXXX , @entity1138 , and @entity786 in advanced @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: Forty-three @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen comprising @entity2879 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity1138 10 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and @entity786 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, every 4 weeks. The median age was 61, and the median initial @entity13770 . Fourteen @entity1 had received prior therapy. The response rates in previously untreated @entity1 were 25% (5/20) for @entity420 , 0% (0/4) for @entity957 , 0% (0/3) for @entity152 , and 18.5% (5/27) for all @entity1 . There were no responders among the pretreated @entity1 . The median survival time was 7 months for previously untreated @entity1 , 4 months for pretreated @entity1 and 6 months for all @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity420 survived significantly longer (8 months) than those with @entity957 (4 months) and @entity152 (3 months). @entity137 consisted of @entity1431 (74%), @entity417 (74%), @entity1209 (55%) and @entity1665 (94%).

title: [Combination chemotherapy with @entity2879 , @entity1138 , and @entity786 in advanced XXXX ].

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: A number of large studies have reported that environmental pollutants from fossil fuel combustion can cause deleterious effects to the immune system, resulting in an @entity56 leading to respiratory tract damage. In this study, we investigated the effect of motorcycle exhaust particles ( @entity27026 ), a major pollutant in the Taiwan urban area, on airway @entity32 and @entity1224 in laboratory animals. BALB/c @entity19 were instilled intratracheally (i.t.) with 1.2 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg of @entity27026 , which was collected from two- @entity64 motorcycle engines. The @entity19 were exposed 3 times i.t. with @entity27026 , and various parameters for airway @entity32 and hyperresponsiveness were sequentially analyzed. We found that @entity27026 would induce airway and @entity55 characterized by infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung. In addition, @entity27026 treatment enhanced BALF @entity58 ( @entity58 ), @entity59 , and @entity60 ( @entity60 ) cytokine levels and serum IgE production. Bronchial response measured by unrestrained plethysmography with @entity2710 challenge showed that @entity27026 treatment induced @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) in BALB/c @entity19 . The chemical components in @entity27026 were further fractionated with organic solvents, and we found that the @entity7935 -extracted fraction exerts a similar biological effect as seen with @entity27026 , including airway @entity32 , increased BALF @entity58 , serum IgE production, and induction of @entity1224 . In conclusion, we present evidence showing that the filter-trapped particles emitted from the unleaded- @entity18683 -fueled two- @entity64 motorcycle engine may induce proinflammatory and proallergic response profiles in the absence of exposure to allergen.

title: Motorcycle exhaust particles induce airway @entity32 and XXXX in BALB/C @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['AHR', 'airway hyperresponsiveness']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway hyperresponsiveness']


abstract: A number of large studies have reported that environmental pollutants from fossil fuel combustion can cause deleterious effects to the immune system, resulting in an @entity56 leading to respiratory tract damage. In this study, we investigated the effect of motorcycle exhaust particles ( @entity27026 ), a major pollutant in the Taiwan urban area, on airway @entity32 and @entity1224 in laboratory animals. BALB/c @entity19 were instilled intratracheally (i.t.) with 1.2 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg of @entity27026 , which was collected from two- @entity64 motorcycle engines. The @entity19 were exposed 3 times i.t. with @entity27026 , and various parameters for airway @entity32 and hyperresponsiveness were sequentially analyzed. We found that @entity27026 would induce airway and @entity55 characterized by infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung. In addition, @entity27026 treatment enhanced BALF @entity58 ( @entity58 ), @entity59 , and @entity60 ( @entity60 ) cytokine levels and serum IgE production. Bronchial response measured by unrestrained plethysmography with @entity2710 challenge showed that @entity27026 treatment induced @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) in BALB/c @entity19 . The chemical components in @entity27026 were further fractionated with organic solvents, and we found that the @entity7935 -extracted fraction exerts a similar biological effect as seen with @entity27026 , including airway @entity32 , increased BALF @entity58 , serum IgE production, and induction of @entity1224 . In conclusion, we present evidence showing that the filter-trapped particles emitted from the unleaded- @entity18683 -fueled two- @entity64 motorcycle engine may induce proinflammatory and proallergic response profiles in the absence of exposure to allergen.

title: Motorcycle exhaust particles induce airway XXXX and @entity1224 in BALB/C @entity19 .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: A number of large studies have reported that environmental pollutants from fossil fuel combustion can cause deleterious effects to the immune system, resulting in an @entity56 leading to respiratory tract damage. In this study, we investigated the effect of motorcycle exhaust particles ( @entity27026 ), a major pollutant in the Taiwan urban area, on airway @entity32 and @entity1224 in laboratory animals. BALB/c @entity19 were instilled intratracheally (i.t.) with 1.2 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg of @entity27026 , which was collected from two- @entity64 motorcycle engines. The @entity19 were exposed 3 times i.t. with @entity27026 , and various parameters for airway @entity32 and hyperresponsiveness were sequentially analyzed. We found that @entity27026 would induce airway and @entity55 characterized by infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung. In addition, @entity27026 treatment enhanced BALF @entity58 ( @entity58 ), @entity59 , and @entity60 ( @entity60 ) cytokine levels and serum IgE production. Bronchial response measured by unrestrained plethysmography with @entity2710 challenge showed that @entity27026 treatment induced @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) in BALB/c @entity19 . The chemical components in @entity27026 were further fractionated with organic solvents, and we found that the @entity7935 -extracted fraction exerts a similar biological effect as seen with @entity27026 , including airway @entity32 , increased BALF @entity58 , serum IgE production, and induction of @entity1224 . In conclusion, we present evidence showing that the filter-trapped particles emitted from the unleaded- @entity18683 -fueled two- @entity64 motorcycle engine may induce proinflammatory and proallergic response profiles in the absence of exposure to allergen.

title: Motorcycle exhaust particles induce airway @entity32 and @entity1224 in BALB/C XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: The natriuretic peptide (NP) family includes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ), and @entity21695 ( @entity21695 ). Natriuretic peptides are known to inhibit vascular cell growth and regulate vessel tone. There is also much evidence to suggest they modulate vascular permeability and angiogenesis, as well as regulating aqueous humor production in the eye. All these data indicate that the natriuretic peptide system might be involved in the development of @entity6 and @entity726 . Given the expression pattern of natriuretic peptides (NPs) and their receptors, @entity13380 ( @entity13380 ), @entity21694 ( @entity21694 ) and @entity15580 ( @entity15580 ) in the @entity1 retina has not yet been established, the present study was designed to determine ANP, @entity3876 and @entity21695 gene expression and localize the mature peptides in this tissue. The expression pattern of the genes encoding the different NP receptor subtypes was also examined. METHODS: Eyes (n=10) from @entity1 donors with no history of @entity2194 were fixed and processed for routine paraffin embedding. The cellular location of the NPs was established by immunohistochemistry. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of NP and NP receptor genes in neural retinas obtained from the contralateral eyes. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of NPs in the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Positive NP immunostaining was observed within the astrocytes and in their processes enveloping vessels. In the anterior portion of the optic nerve, NPs were intensely labeled in neural bundles. We were able to detect NP gene expression in the @entity1 retina. The levels of NP receptor-encoding transcripts detected indicated no significant differential expression of genes coding for the different receptor subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding that NP receptor transcripts are expressed along with ANP, @entity3876 , and @entity21695 mRNA in the @entity1 retina provides evidence for a local system in this tissue. The expression of NPs in neural retinal, glial, and vascular elements of the normal adult retina suggests a role for these peptides in maintaining both the neural and vascular integrity of the mature retina.

title: Natriuretic peptide system in the XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity21695 :: ('4880', 'Gene') :: ['CNP', 'C-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity13380 :: ('4881', 'Gene') :: ['natriuretic peptide receptor A', 'NPRA']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity15580 :: ('4883', 'Gene') :: ['NPRC', 'natriuretic peptide receptor C']

entities_list: @entity21694 :: ('4882', 'Gene') :: ['natriuretic peptide receptor B', 'NPRB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In view of the findings of Moon, Simpson, and Evans (Science, 116:331,1952) that the hypophysectomized @entity35 was refractory to the carcinogenic effect of @entity5954 , similar experiments have been conducted but using the more powerful carcinogen @entity106 . The results of 2 separate experiments were as follows: All animals received 5 mg in @entity5420 oil of the carcinogen intramuscularly. In the control animals, 15 showed discrete @entity242 out of 21 animals in 4-5 months. In the hypophysectomized animals only 3 showed comparable @entity242 , but in 7 there was marked abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts suggestive of malignant change. 9 animals were negative, although serial sections were not made. In addition to these findings it was noted that in control animals 6 @entity5 developed in tissue adjacent to the injection site. 4 of these were of a malignant nature. In the hypophysectomized group no mammary changes were observed. Although these findings are somewhat in accord with the original observations it is believed that the change is quantitative rather than qualitative. Unfortunately, the hypophysectomized animals survived only 3-4 months, and the findings are suggestive that the malignant process occurs but more slowly in the absence of the normal pituitary function. The changes in mammary tissue would seem more clearcut, but are being repeated on a larger series of animals.

title: The effect of hypophysectomy on XXXX -induced carcinogenesis [abstract].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary tumors']

entities_list: @entity106 :: ('MESH:D015127', 'Chemical') :: ['9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-cholanthrene']

answer: @entity106 :: (MESH:D015127,Chemical) :: ['9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene']


abstract: Although @entity2953 are a major public health problem at the international level, the relationship between contraception and @entity5280 is seldom examined. Numerous @entity2953 are more difficult to diagnose, more frequent, and more serious in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Differential diagnosis between @entity5280 has been a concern for practitioners for years, and many @entity5280 are probably never diagnosed. Lower @entity490 and sensitivity as well as @entity221 , leucocytosis, accelerated sedimentation rate, inflammatory annexial mass evident on sonography, and microorganisms in the pouch of Douglass and presence of leucocytes in the peritoneal fluid are diagnostic criteria. Apart from errors in treatment resulting from errors in diagnosis, @entity5280 are often inadequately treated, especially in the initial phase before symptoms are confirmed. The exact incidence of @entity5280 in the US is unknown, but @entity4134 ( @entity4134 ) accounted for over 200,000 hospitalizations per year between 1970-75. @entity4134 carries grave risks of subsequent ectopic pregnancy, chronic @entity2371 , and @entity249 which is more likely as the number of acute episodes increases. The female genital tract has diverse microenvironments propitious for growth of microorganisms of different types, aerobic and anaerobic. Each anatomic site has specific features conditioning bacterial growth. Histological modifications during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy affect the microbial flora. Except in the case of @entity2954 , it is not known how many @entity5860 spread to the upper tract. Since 1970, several studies have domonstrated a growing diversity of cervical and vaginal flora in asymptomatic subjects. The principal risk factors for @entity4134 have been well described in the literature. All contraceptive methods except the IUD provide some degree of protection against @entity4134 . Even among IUD users the risk of @entity4134 is probably not greater than among @entity1 with a comparable risk of exposure to @entity2953 . The protective effect of condoms has been recognized since the era of Casanova, but it is difficult to quantify. Studies describing the protective effects of spermicides used one against @entity5280 are very rare, and protective effects have usually been demonstrated only in vitro. Surfactants such as @entity25605 probably have viricidal properties against herpes simplex. Condoms and diaphragms have been seen to exercise a protective effect independent of spermicide, with relative risks of .6 and .4 compared to nonouse of contraception. There is as yet no consensus on changes in risk of @entity4134 during oral contraceptive (OC) use, but several studies have shown OCs to have a protective effect. Risks of @entity4134 in IUD users apparently stem from contamination during insertion or of the thread during prolonged use, but both possibilities remain controversial. The use of @entity1 not using contraception as controls in studies of relative risks of PId may not be appropriate because their sexual behavior and risks of exposure to @entity2953 may differ. At the moment of ovulation, when the mucus is most receptive, IUDs do not place any barrier in the way of ascension of sperm and bacteria to the upper genital tract.

title: [Contraception and XXXX in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STDs', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity25605 :: ('MESH:D017137', 'Chemical') :: ['nonoxynol']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity5860 :: ('MESH:D060737', 'Disease') :: ['female lower genital tract infections']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic infection and other intraabdominal syndromes', 'pelvic infections', 'pelvic infection']

answer: @entity5280 :: (MESH:D034161,Disease) :: ['pelvic infection']


abstract: Although @entity2953 are a major public health problem at the international level, the relationship between contraception and @entity5280 is seldom examined. Numerous @entity2953 are more difficult to diagnose, more frequent, and more serious in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Differential diagnosis between @entity5280 has been a concern for practitioners for years, and many @entity5280 are probably never diagnosed. Lower @entity490 and sensitivity as well as @entity221 , leucocytosis, accelerated sedimentation rate, inflammatory annexial mass evident on sonography, and microorganisms in the pouch of Douglass and presence of leucocytes in the peritoneal fluid are diagnostic criteria. Apart from errors in treatment resulting from errors in diagnosis, @entity5280 are often inadequately treated, especially in the initial phase before symptoms are confirmed. The exact incidence of @entity5280 in the US is unknown, but @entity4134 ( @entity4134 ) accounted for over 200,000 hospitalizations per year between 1970-75. @entity4134 carries grave risks of subsequent ectopic pregnancy, chronic @entity2371 , and @entity249 which is more likely as the number of acute episodes increases. The female genital tract has diverse microenvironments propitious for growth of microorganisms of different types, aerobic and anaerobic. Each anatomic site has specific features conditioning bacterial growth. Histological modifications during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy affect the microbial flora. Except in the case of @entity2954 , it is not known how many @entity5860 spread to the upper tract. Since 1970, several studies have domonstrated a growing diversity of cervical and vaginal flora in asymptomatic subjects. The principal risk factors for @entity4134 have been well described in the literature. All contraceptive methods except the IUD provide some degree of protection against @entity4134 . Even among IUD users the risk of @entity4134 is probably not greater than among @entity1 with a comparable risk of exposure to @entity2953 . The protective effect of condoms has been recognized since the era of Casanova, but it is difficult to quantify. Studies describing the protective effects of spermicides used one against @entity5280 are very rare, and protective effects have usually been demonstrated only in vitro. Surfactants such as @entity25605 probably have viricidal properties against herpes simplex. Condoms and diaphragms have been seen to exercise a protective effect independent of spermicide, with relative risks of .6 and .4 compared to nonouse of contraception. There is as yet no consensus on changes in risk of @entity4134 during oral contraceptive (OC) use, but several studies have shown OCs to have a protective effect. Risks of @entity4134 in IUD users apparently stem from contamination during insertion or of the thread during prolonged use, but both possibilities remain controversial. The use of @entity1 not using contraception as controls in studies of relative risks of PId may not be appropriate because their sexual behavior and risks of exposure to @entity2953 may differ. At the moment of ovulation, when the mucus is most receptive, IUDs do not place any barrier in the way of ascension of sperm and bacteria to the upper genital tract.

title: [Contraception and @entity5280 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Different types of @entity2918 (PG) have various effects on tissue in different functional states. Their complex effects include uterine contractions, expansion or contraction of blood vessels, and promotion or prevention of @entity1423 . The large body of work done on the role of PG in the effects and side effects produced by IUDs is reviewed. PG concentrations in the @entity1 endometrium during the menstrual cycle vary according to PG type and menstrual phase. Evidence is cited showing that overall PG levels or levels of certain types of PG rise with IUD, and that this is a local reaction. In 1976 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were successfully used to reduce uterine @entity548 . The means by which the IUD induces abnormal uterine @entity548 has not been determined. Some authors have sought to explain the rise in PG by means of aseptic inflammation of the endometrium. The possible role of platelets, @entity715 , and expansion and contraction of blood vessels in @entity548 with IUD has been raised. The uterus with IUD becomes more active. When IUD is designed too large or insufficiently pliable, @entity548 may occur in menstruation. The presence of an IUD makes the uterus highly sensitive to PG, so that even normal PG levels can cause a strong reaction in the uterine smooth muscle. PG plays an important role in the mechanisms of abnormal uterine @entity548 ; PG suppressants will be significant in treating abnormal uterine @entity548 with IUD.

title: [ XXXX and intrauterine contraceptive device].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity2918 :: (MESH:D011453,Chemical) :: ['Prostaglandins']


abstract: 4 cases of @entity6594 in young @entity1 are presented. The 4 @entity1 had been taking estro-progestative contraceptive agents. The @entity652 were single, double or multiple; some could be treated surgically, some were not treated because of the risk involved. In the 4 cases, the @entity5 was benign. The relationship between @entity6594 and estro-progestatives, and more generally between @entity99 and steriods is studied. Hepatic @entity652 appear to be much more frequent than had been believed. Latent forms are probably relatively frequent. It is very likely that estro-progestatives are responsible for the @entity5 , but also for some of the malignant ones. This @entity75 also carries a risk of @entity548 . Therefore it is crucial to detect them. In their conclusion, the authors emphasize the necessity of taking into consideration some of the serious risks which come with oral contraception, some of which are @entity99 , @entity715 , cerebral vascular accidents and @entity1960 .

title: [Four cases of XXXX associated with oral contraception].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type of lesion']

entities_list: @entity6594 :: ('MESH:C564190', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['benign hepatic-tumors']


abstract: 2 groups of @entity1 are at risk of traumatic complication after midtrimester abortion: older multiparous @entity1 ( @entity14853 ) and young primigravid @entity1 ( @entity397 ). While the occurrence of @entity14853 in the former class can be reduced by selective use of abortifacient agents, and avoidance of amnioinfusions and intravenous @entity398 , the occurrence of @entity397 continues to be high. From May 1974 through May 1978, 780 @entity1 underwent midtrimester abortion by various techniques. 12 @entity1 (1.5%) sustained cervical @entity130 , 11 of whom were nulliparous aged 16 to 25 years. Intra-amniotic and extra-ovular methods alike produced cervical @entity130 . The combined method of induction increases the likelihood of damaging the cervix. Oxytocic augmentation, however, does not appear to increase its incidence. Nor does a shorter induction-abortion interval, according to the evidence. Since laminaria tents did not prevent cervical @entity130 , none of the presently available methods offers any protection. Nevertheless, it may be that cervical @entity130 can be prevented if midtrimester abortions are undertaken between 13 and 15 weeks of pregnancy. @entity397 can also go unnoticed and cause future obstetric problems; the authors therefore emphasize the importance of routine cervical inspection in all @entity1 .

title: XXXX in midtrimester abortions.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['cervical ruptures', 'Cervical ruptures']

entities_list: @entity14853 :: ('MESH:D014597', 'Disease') :: ['uterine ruptures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Cervical ruptures']


abstract: AIMS: To assess @entity1 referred to the Occupational Therapy Service in Gwent with a presumptive diagnosis of @entity1957 ( @entity1957 ) in order to investigate the appropriateness of their referral. METHODS: Non-urgent referrals to the occupational therapy team for @entity1 with coordination difficulties in Gwent between June 2001 and February 2002 were studied. RESULTS: Eighty nine @entity1 , aged 5-10 years, were identified. Thirteen @entity1 who would not meet the @entity1957 criteria were excluded. This left 76 @entity1 , 67 of whom were actually assessed. If the 15th centile for the Movement ABC is used, 26 @entity1 met and 41 failed one of the four criteria in DSM IV (38%). If the 5th centile is used, 21 @entity1 met and 46 failed one of the four criteria in the @entity5259 %). Of the major groups of referrers, school nurses did the best with 48% success rate; better than the paediatricians with 32%. The worst success rate was in educational psychologists and teachers, with only 20% of cases referred actually having @entity1957 . These differences did not quite reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Less than a third of referrals to occupational therapy for @entity1957 actually have the diagnosis. This suggests that referrers need further training and guidance. This includes a knowledge and understanding of the DSM IV criteria and their interpretation. This would reduce the number of time consuming, unnecessary assessments being done. A triage procedure with a checklist would be a good way forward and we hope to devise one to assist referrers with this process.

title: Are referrals to occupational therapy for XXXX appropriate?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['DCD', 'developmental coordination disorder']

answer: @entity1957 :: (MESH:D019957,Disease) :: ['developmental coordination disorder']


abstract: Several previous reports concluded that the @entity9199 fragment of @entity1 @entity10287 ( @entity10287 ) binds with higher affinity to @entity3432 than does C4Bb. Because the isotypic residues, (1101)PCPVLD and (1101)LSPVIH in @entity10287 and @entity9199 , respectively, are located within the C4d region, one may have expected a direct binding contribution of C4d to the interaction with @entity3432 . However, using surface plasmon resonance as our analytical tool, with soluble @entity27367 immobilized on the biosensor chip, we failed to detect significant binding of C4d of either isotype. By contrast, binding of C4c was readily detectable. @entity10287 and @entity9199 , purified from plasma lacking one of the isotypes, were Cs converted to @entity10287 and C4Bb. Spontaneously formed @entity1520 -linked dimers were separated from monomers and higher oligomers by sequential chromatographic steps. The binding sensorgrams of @entity10287 and C4Bb monomers as analytes reached steady state plateaus, and these equilibrium data yielded essentially superimposable saturation curves that were well fit by a one-site binding model. Although a two-site model was required to fit the equilibrium-binding data for the dimeric forms of @entity9199 , once again there was little difference in the K(D) values obtained for each isotype. Independent verification of our surface plasmon resonance studies came from ELISA-based inhibition experiments in which monomers of @entity10287 and C4Bb were equipotent in inhibiting the binding of soluble @entity3432 to plate-bound @entity9199 . Although divergent from previous reports, our results are consistent with recent @entity10287 structural data that raised serious doubts about there being a conformational basis for the previously reported isotypic differences in the @entity9199 - @entity3432 interaction.

title: The C4A and C4B isotypic forms of @entity1 complement fragment @entity9199 have the same intrinsic affinity for complement receptor 1 ( XXXX / @entity3432 ).

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity3432 :: (1378,Gene) :: ['CR1']


abstract: Several previous reports concluded that the @entity9199 fragment of @entity1 @entity10287 ( @entity10287 ) binds with higher affinity to @entity3432 than does C4Bb. Because the isotypic residues, (1101)PCPVLD and (1101)LSPVIH in @entity10287 and @entity9199 , respectively, are located within the C4d region, one may have expected a direct binding contribution of C4d to the interaction with @entity3432 . However, using surface plasmon resonance as our analytical tool, with soluble @entity27367 immobilized on the biosensor chip, we failed to detect significant binding of C4d of either isotype. By contrast, binding of C4c was readily detectable. @entity10287 and @entity9199 , purified from plasma lacking one of the isotypes, were Cs converted to @entity10287 and C4Bb. Spontaneously formed @entity1520 -linked dimers were separated from monomers and higher oligomers by sequential chromatographic steps. The binding sensorgrams of @entity10287 and C4Bb monomers as analytes reached steady state plateaus, and these equilibrium data yielded essentially superimposable saturation curves that were well fit by a one-site binding model. Although a two-site model was required to fit the equilibrium-binding data for the dimeric forms of @entity9199 , once again there was little difference in the K(D) values obtained for each isotype. Independent verification of our surface plasmon resonance studies came from ELISA-based inhibition experiments in which monomers of @entity10287 and C4Bb were equipotent in inhibiting the binding of soluble @entity3432 to plate-bound @entity9199 . Although divergent from previous reports, our results are consistent with recent @entity10287 structural data that raised serious doubts about there being a conformational basis for the previously reported isotypic differences in the @entity9199 - @entity3432 interaction.

title: The C4A and C4B isotypic forms of @entity1 complement fragment @entity9199 have the same intrinsic affinity for complement receptor 1 ( @entity3432 / XXXX ).

answer: @entity3432 :: (1378,Gene) :: ['CD35']


abstract: Several previous reports concluded that the @entity9199 fragment of @entity1 @entity10287 ( @entity10287 ) binds with higher affinity to @entity3432 than does C4Bb. Because the isotypic residues, (1101)PCPVLD and (1101)LSPVIH in @entity10287 and @entity9199 , respectively, are located within the C4d region, one may have expected a direct binding contribution of C4d to the interaction with @entity3432 . However, using surface plasmon resonance as our analytical tool, with soluble @entity27367 immobilized on the biosensor chip, we failed to detect significant binding of C4d of either isotype. By contrast, binding of C4c was readily detectable. @entity10287 and @entity9199 , purified from plasma lacking one of the isotypes, were Cs converted to @entity10287 and C4Bb. Spontaneously formed @entity1520 -linked dimers were separated from monomers and higher oligomers by sequential chromatographic steps. The binding sensorgrams of @entity10287 and C4Bb monomers as analytes reached steady state plateaus, and these equilibrium data yielded essentially superimposable saturation curves that were well fit by a one-site binding model. Although a two-site model was required to fit the equilibrium-binding data for the dimeric forms of @entity9199 , once again there was little difference in the K(D) values obtained for each isotype. Independent verification of our surface plasmon resonance studies came from ELISA-based inhibition experiments in which monomers of @entity10287 and C4Bb were equipotent in inhibiting the binding of soluble @entity3432 to plate-bound @entity9199 . Although divergent from previous reports, our results are consistent with recent @entity10287 structural data that raised serious doubts about there being a conformational basis for the previously reported isotypic differences in the @entity9199 - @entity3432 interaction.

title: The C4A and C4B isotypic forms of @entity1 complement fragment XXXX have the same intrinsic affinity for complement receptor 1 ( @entity3432 / @entity3432 ).

answer: @entity9199 :: (721,Gene) :: ['C4b']


abstract: Several previous reports concluded that the @entity9199 fragment of @entity1 @entity10287 ( @entity10287 ) binds with higher affinity to @entity3432 than does C4Bb. Because the isotypic residues, (1101)PCPVLD and (1101)LSPVIH in @entity10287 and @entity9199 , respectively, are located within the C4d region, one may have expected a direct binding contribution of C4d to the interaction with @entity3432 . However, using surface plasmon resonance as our analytical tool, with soluble @entity27367 immobilized on the biosensor chip, we failed to detect significant binding of C4d of either isotype. By contrast, binding of C4c was readily detectable. @entity10287 and @entity9199 , purified from plasma lacking one of the isotypes, were Cs converted to @entity10287 and C4Bb. Spontaneously formed @entity1520 -linked dimers were separated from monomers and higher oligomers by sequential chromatographic steps. The binding sensorgrams of @entity10287 and C4Bb monomers as analytes reached steady state plateaus, and these equilibrium data yielded essentially superimposable saturation curves that were well fit by a one-site binding model. Although a two-site model was required to fit the equilibrium-binding data for the dimeric forms of @entity9199 , once again there was little difference in the K(D) values obtained for each isotype. Independent verification of our surface plasmon resonance studies came from ELISA-based inhibition experiments in which monomers of @entity10287 and C4Bb were equipotent in inhibiting the binding of soluble @entity3432 to plate-bound @entity9199 . Although divergent from previous reports, our results are consistent with recent @entity10287 structural data that raised serious doubts about there being a conformational basis for the previously reported isotypic differences in the @entity9199 - @entity3432 interaction.

title: The C4A and C4B isotypic forms of XXXX complement fragment @entity9199 have the same intrinsic affinity for complement receptor 1 ( @entity3432 / @entity3432 ).

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: To determine alterations which occur in the size and shape of lamina cribrosa (LC) pores in @entity735 over a period of time. METHODS: Baseline and follow up optic disc photographs were retrospectively studied in 39 eyes of 39 @entity1 with @entity726 . Only eyes with a vertical cup to disc ratio equal to or greater than 0.6 were included in the study. In addition, all selected eyes had to have serial optic disc photographs obtained at least 3 years apart allowing clear visualisation of LC surface. The association of the alterations in LC surface morphology with @entity1 specific and eye specific characteristics was statistically analysed. RESULTS: During a mean study period of 3.90 (SD 0.7) years, individual pore size (mean pore area to disc area ratio) exhibited a significant decrease between baseline and follow up measurements of each eye (p<0.0001). However, during the study period, total pore area to disc area ratio did not change (p>0.05), and the change in pore shape in some eyes (from circular to more oval and elongated) was statistically insignificant (p = 0.12). Although a relation was detectable between the optic disc and lamina cribrosa parameters at a given time, which reflects cumulative effects, during the study period, there was no significant association between the changes of the LC parameters and @entity3145 . The rate and the magnitude of the changes in individual pore size during the study period were not significantly different among the eyes exhibiting progressive @entity16 and those staying stable (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the LC surface morphology exhibits changes along with the glaucomatous @entity16 . However, the clinical appearance of LC surface in @entity735 may continue to change, even when the @entity16 is clinically stable. These findings are probably associated with the chronic cellular events of tissue remodelling that occur in the glaucomatous optic nerve head.

title: Alterations in the morphology of lamina cribrosa pores in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['neural tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['optic disc damage', 'neural rim damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['glaucomatous eyes']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Peripheral blood @entity405 + lymphocytes that home to mucosal surfaces express the @entity1 mucosal lymphocyte antigen (HML-1). At mucosal surfaces, including the ocular surface, only intraepithelial @entity405 + lymphocytes express HML-1. These lymphocytes are retained in the intraepithelial compartment by virtue of the interaction between HML-1 and its natural ligand, @entity5962 , which is expressed on epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ocular surface epithelial cells (ocular mucosa) could induce the expression of @entity1 mucosal lymphocyte antigen on peripheral blood lymphocytes. METHODS: @entity1 corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells were co-cultured with peripheral blood lymphocytes. Both non-activated and activated lymphocytes were used in the experiments. After 7 days of incubation, lymphocytes were recovered and analysed for the antigens @entity405 /HML-1, @entity404 /HML-1, CD3/ @entity405 , CD3/ @entity404 , CD3/ @entity2902 , @entity405 / @entity2902 , and @entity404 / @entity2902 by flowcytometry. RESULTS: Significant statistical differences were observed in the @entity405 /HML-1 expression when conjunctival epithelial cells were co-cultured with non-activated and activated lymphocytes (p = 0.04 for each) and when corneal epithelial cells were co-cultured with non-activated lymphocytes (p = 0.03). Significant statistical difference in @entity404 /HML-1 expression was observed only when conjunctival epithelial cells were co-cultured with activated lymphocytes (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Ocular surface epithelial cells can induce the expression of @entity1 mucosal lymphocyte antigen on @entity405 + (and to some extent on @entity404 +) lymphocytes. This may allow the retention of @entity405 + and @entity404 + lymphocytes within the epithelial compartment of the conjunctiva and play a part in mucosal homing of lymphocytes.

title: Ocular surface epithelium induces expression of XXXX mucosal lymphocyte antigen (HML-1) on peripheral blood lymphocytes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical course of soccer players affected by chronic groin @entity158 , who were referred for laparoscopic inguinal exploration. MATERIAL/METHODS: Thirty-five professional soccer players affected by chronic groin @entity158 and referred for laparoscopic inguinal exploration were included in this prospective, non-randomized study. Prior to surgery, @entity1 were assessed by history, clinical examination, pelvic X-ray, bone scanning with Technetium and ultrasound of the inguinal region. The pre-peritoneal space was visualized with a laparoscope under general anesthesia. A bilateral @entity7502 mesh was attached pre-peritoneally. Recorded data included demographics, history, symptoms, surgical findings and postoperative recovery. RESULTS: All @entity1 were male. The mean age was 24.3 years. Six @entity1 (17.1%) complained of @entity158 affecting their normal life. A true indirect type I @entity547 was identified in 4 @entity1 (11.4%). In 28 @entity1 (80%), a wide internal ring and peritoneal dimple were found during the procedure. No clear pathology was found in three @entity1 (8.6%). Thirty-four @entity1 (97.1%) returned to their normal activities after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic inguinal exploration and repair of "sportsman's @entity547 " in soccer players was associated with rapid recovery and fast return to full training and activity.

title: Laparoscopic repair of "sportsman's @entity547 " in soccer players as treatment of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['inguinal pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical course of soccer players affected by chronic groin @entity158 , who were referred for laparoscopic inguinal exploration. MATERIAL/METHODS: Thirty-five professional soccer players affected by chronic groin @entity158 and referred for laparoscopic inguinal exploration were included in this prospective, non-randomized study. Prior to surgery, @entity1 were assessed by history, clinical examination, pelvic X-ray, bone scanning with Technetium and ultrasound of the inguinal region. The pre-peritoneal space was visualized with a laparoscope under general anesthesia. A bilateral @entity7502 mesh was attached pre-peritoneally. Recorded data included demographics, history, symptoms, surgical findings and postoperative recovery. RESULTS: All @entity1 were male. The mean age was 24.3 years. Six @entity1 (17.1%) complained of @entity158 affecting their normal life. A true indirect type I @entity547 was identified in 4 @entity1 (11.4%). In 28 @entity1 (80%), a wide internal ring and peritoneal dimple were found during the procedure. No clear pathology was found in three @entity1 (8.6%). Thirty-four @entity1 (97.1%) returned to their normal activities after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic inguinal exploration and repair of "sportsman's @entity547 " in soccer players was associated with rapid recovery and fast return to full training and activity.

title: Laparoscopic repair of "sportsman's XXXX " in soccer players as treatment of chronic @entity158 .

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to assess the state of sympathovagal balance-modulating sinus node activity. @entity64 volume variability ( @entity6355 ) probably reflects the dynamics of physiological control mechanisms over time. MATERIAL/METHODS: Power spectrum HRV and @entity6355 were simultaneously measured in 44 healthy @entity1 . The values of the HRV and @entity6355 parameters were compared for the supine and upright body positions in three age groups (I: 20-40; II: 40-60; III: >60 years old). The total power (TP) of the very low (VLF:<0.05 Hz), low (LF: 0.05-0.15 Hz) and high (HF: 0.15-0.5 Hz) HRV and @entity6355 frequency bands were measured. The LF/HF and lnLF/lnHF ratios for HRV and @entity6355 were calculated. RESULTS: The upright position caused a significant decrease in HRV in the HF and lnHF bands and an increase in the LF/HF and lnLF/HF ratios in all groups. @entity6355 analysis for the supine position revealed significant differences in lnTP and HF values (between groups I and II) and in lnHF values (between groups I and II and I and III). @entity6355 analysis for the upright position revealed differences in lnTP (between groups I and II and I and III), lnVLF (between groups I and III and I and III), lnLF (between groups I and II and I and III) and lnHF (between groups I and II and I and III). CONCLUSIONS: The combined analysis of HRV and @entity6355 revealed different cardiovascular responses to postural stress in the three age groups considered.

title: XXXX volume variability and heart rate power spectrum in relation to posture changes in healthy subjects.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: @entity10225 can cause @entity7446 . By using available HPLC-UVF methods, @entity10225 can be quantified only at levels above 1% of the Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL). Once sensitized, workers can react to concentrations below these limits of detection (LOD) making these methods insufficiently sensitive to adequately evaluate trace amounts of @entity10225 present in air or in materials at safe levels for sensitized workers. This article describes a novel method for isocyanate analysis allowing the quantification of @entity61821 and 2,6TDI monomers at very low concentrations using HPLC-CIS-MS-MS. The method's sensitivity increases with a decrease in the alkali radius. The LOD is 0.039 ng mL(-1) for @entity61821 and 0.100 ng mL(-1) for 2,6TDI in solution when @entity1091 is the alkali adduct, which is 20 times more sensitive than HPLC-UVF method. This new method allows determination in foam at levels of 0.078 ng g(-1) for @entity61821 and 0.200 ng g(-1) for 2,6TDI respectively, for a 0.5 g foam sample. This is more than 100 times more sensitive than other methods for determining free monomers in solid materials. Analytical reproducibility and precision are better than 92% and 93% for both @entity20312 monomers. The use of HPLC-UVF conventional method failed to detect unreacted @entity10225 in foam samples, but TDI monomers were quantified by HPLC-CIS-MS-MS.

title: Determination of unreacted 2,4-toluene diisocyanate ( XXXX ) and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (2,6TDI) in foams at ultratrace level by using HPLC-CIS-MS-MS.

entities_list: @entity20312 :: ('CHEBI:53213', 'Chemical') :: ['diisocyanate']

entities_list: @entity10225 :: ('MESH:D017953', 'Chemical') :: ['isocyanates', 'Isocyanates']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

answer: @entity61821 :: (CHEBI:53556,Chemical) :: ['2,4TDI']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2829 and soy flour mixes are often used in the treatment of moderate @entity3147 in Malawi. Their efficacy has not been formally evaluated. A recently developed ready-to-use food (RTUF) effectively promotes growth among severely malnourished @entity1 . The authors compared the effect of @entity2829 and soy flour with that of RTUF in the home treatment of moderately malnourished @entity1 . METHODS: Sixty-one underweight, stunted @entity1 42 to 60 months of age were recruited in rural Malawi, in southeastern Africa. They received either RTUF or @entity2829 and soy flour for 12 weeks. Both supplements provided 2 MJ (500Kcal) of energy daily but had different energy and nutrient densities. Outcome variables were weight and @entity1017 and dietary intake. RESULTS: Before intervention, the mean dietary intake and weight and @entity1017 were similar in the two groups. During the supplementation phase, the consumption of staple food fell among @entity1 receiving @entity2829 and soy flour but not among those receiving RTUF. There was thus higher intake of energy, fat, @entity68 , and @entity219 in the RTUF group. Both supplements resulted in modest @entity1017 , but the effect lasted longer after RTUF supplementation. Height gain was not affected in either group. Periodic 24-hour dietary recalls suggested that the @entity1 received only 30% and 43%, respectively, of the supplementary RTUF and @entity2829 and soy flour provided. CONCLUSIONS: RTUF is an acceptable alternative to @entity2829 and soy flour for dietary supplementation of moderately malnourished @entity1 . Approaches aimed at increasing the consumption of supplementary food by the selected recipients are needed.

title: Supplementary feeding of underweight, stunted Malawian XXXX with a ready-to-use food.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['height gain', 'weight gain']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Utilization of hospice services has been shown to vary by place of residence and @entity1 characteristics. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine whether such variation has changed over time. Hospice utilization is examined as a function of sociodemographic characteristics, geographic location, type of insurance, and year of @entity204 . RESEARCH DESIGN: This study used a retrospective cohort design. SUBJECTS: We used data from the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database to study hospice utilization in subjects aged 67 and older diagnosed with breast, @entity14 from 1991 to 1996 and who died between 1991 and 1999. RESULTS: Of the 170,136 subjects aged 67 and older who died from 1991 through 1999, 51,345 (30.2%) were enrolled in hospice before they died. Hospice utilization varied significantly by @entity1 characteristics, including type of insurance, age, marital status, race and ethnicity, gender, urban versus rural residence, type of @entity5 , income level, and education level. This variation, however, decreased over time for subgroups defined by type of insurance, marital status, urban residence, and income. Variation in hospice use increased over time as a function of age and type of @entity5 . There was no change in variation in use in blacks compared with non-Hispanic whites over time. CONCLUSIONS: The variation in hospice use by several @entity1 characteristics is decreasing over time, a finding consistent with the manner in which new medical technologies diffuse.

title: Decreasing variation in the use of hospice among older adults with breast, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer']


abstract: AIM: Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death whereby, immunologic, genetic and biochemical mechanisms are involved in its control. On the other hand, graft @entity453 is the most important restrictive factor for the long-term survival of heart transplantation. The purpose of this study is to analyse both apoptotic cell lesions in transplanted @entity1 that present @entity453 . METHODS: From August 1984 until December 1996, 148 heart transplants were carried out in the Cl  nica Universitaria de Navarra. In 102 @entity1 , annual coronary angiography was performed, reaching a diagnosis of @entity453 in 30 @entity1 . Study of apoptotic cell death was done in the tissue of endomyocardial biopsies on all @entity1 by means of the TUNEL technique. Procedures of immunohistochemistry with antibodies antic-myc, @entity876 and @entity588 were carried out and results were compared with a control group of 30 @entity1 with homogeneous characteristics. RESULTS: All @entity1 with @entity453 showed apoptotic cardiomyocytes, 13 @entity1 to a mild degree, 14 to a moderate degree and 3 to a severe degree, while in the control group apoptosis was found only to a mild degree in 8 @entity1 , obtaining a very significant statistical difference (p<0.0001). The expression of analysed oncoproteins was null in the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Myocardial apoptosis is a constant finding in transplanted @entity1 with @entity453 . We have not seen any correlation between the apoptotic process and genetic mechanisms.

title: Apoptotic cell death and genetic control in graft XXXX in heart transplant.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Endotoxin exposure may have a protective effect against @entity565 and @entity402 . An @entity19825 polymorphism in the @entity2939 ( @entity2939 ) gene reduces responsiveness to endotoxin. This study determined the effect of @entity2939 polymorphism on the risk and severity of @entity565 and @entity402 . In all, 336 UK Caucasian families with > or = 2 affected sibs (physician's diagnosis of @entity565 and current medication use) and 179 Caucasians without @entity565 or a family history of @entity565 were genotyped using ARMS-PCR. No association of the @entity2939 polymorphism was found with the risk of developing @entity565 , either in parent-affected sibling trios, or in case-control analyses (P>0.05). In the first affected asthmatic siblings, the @entity402 score (based on size and number of positive skin-prick tests and specific IgE) was higher in those with the @entity2574 /Gly or @entity4022 /Gly genotypes (mean 1.8, s.d. 1.1, n=39) compared to those with the @entity2574 / @entity2574 genotype (mean 1.2, s.d. 1.0, n=279) (P=0.003, t-test). No associations were found with total IgE, FEV(1) % predicted, slope of FEV(1) response to @entity2710 or @entity565 severity score (P>0.05). This study confirms the previously observed lack of association of @entity2939 polymorphisms with @entity565 . In contrast, the findings suggest that genetically determined @entity6306 to endotoxin may increase @entity402 .

title: XXXX polymorphism and severity of @entity402 in asthmatics.

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity402 :: ('MESH:C564133', 'Disease') :: ['atopy', 'atopy severity']

entities_list: @entity19825 :: ('p|SUB|D|299|G', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Asp299Gly']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity2939 :: (7099,Gene) :: ['Toll-like receptor 4']


abstract: Endotoxin exposure may have a protective effect against @entity565 and @entity402 . An @entity19825 polymorphism in the @entity2939 ( @entity2939 ) gene reduces responsiveness to endotoxin. This study determined the effect of @entity2939 polymorphism on the risk and severity of @entity565 and @entity402 . In all, 336 UK Caucasian families with > or = 2 affected sibs (physician's diagnosis of @entity565 and current medication use) and 179 Caucasians without @entity565 or a family history of @entity565 were genotyped using ARMS-PCR. No association of the @entity2939 polymorphism was found with the risk of developing @entity565 , either in parent-affected sibling trios, or in case-control analyses (P>0.05). In the first affected asthmatic siblings, the @entity402 score (based on size and number of positive skin-prick tests and specific IgE) was higher in those with the @entity2574 /Gly or @entity4022 /Gly genotypes (mean 1.8, s.d. 1.1, n=39) compared to those with the @entity2574 / @entity2574 genotype (mean 1.2, s.d. 1.0, n=279) (P=0.003, t-test). No associations were found with total IgE, FEV(1) % predicted, slope of FEV(1) response to @entity2710 or @entity565 severity score (P>0.05). This study confirms the previously observed lack of association of @entity2939 polymorphisms with @entity565 . In contrast, the findings suggest that genetically determined @entity6306 to endotoxin may increase @entity402 .

title: @entity2939 polymorphism and severity of XXXX in asthmatics.

answer: @entity402 :: (MESH:C564133,Disease) :: ['atopy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The "unplanned" excision of a soft tissue @entity242 (STS) is defined as its resection without preoperative staging procedures and without aiming at wide resection margins owing to lacking knowledge of the @entity5 . Aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of such unplanned excisions, in spite of immediate re-excision, upon local recurrence. @entity1 AND METHODS: Results in 110 consecutive @entity1 were analysed. In all of them an unplanned resection of a STS of the limbs or trunk not achieving wide resection margins had been performed prior to referral. End-point of statistical analysis was local relapse. Median follow-up time was 82 months. RESULTS: @entity41 was found in 34 specimens of primary re-excisions (31 %). Local recurrence occurred in 14 @entity1 , 23 @entity1 developed distant metastases. Multivariate analysis revealed two significant prognostic factors for local recurrence: @entity41 in the re-excised specimen and occurrence of distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of @entity41 in re-excised specimens is a prognostic factor for @entity5 relapse, is the development of distant metastases. @entity8650 should be excised after oncological regimens, preferably in experienced centers.

title: [The influence of XXXX on local recurrence after unplanned resection of soft tissue @entity242 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor', 'Residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of the tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['Suspicious soft tissue tumors']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['residual tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The "unplanned" excision of a soft tissue @entity242 (STS) is defined as its resection without preoperative staging procedures and without aiming at wide resection margins owing to lacking knowledge of the @entity5 . Aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of such unplanned excisions, in spite of immediate re-excision, upon local recurrence. @entity1 AND METHODS: Results in 110 consecutive @entity1 were analysed. In all of them an unplanned resection of a STS of the limbs or trunk not achieving wide resection margins had been performed prior to referral. End-point of statistical analysis was local relapse. Median follow-up time was 82 months. RESULTS: @entity41 was found in 34 specimens of primary re-excisions (31 %). Local recurrence occurred in 14 @entity1 , 23 @entity1 developed distant metastases. Multivariate analysis revealed two significant prognostic factors for local recurrence: @entity41 in the re-excised specimen and occurrence of distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of @entity41 in re-excised specimens is a prognostic factor for @entity5 relapse, is the development of distant metastases. @entity8650 should be excised after oncological regimens, preferably in experienced centers.

title: [The influence of @entity41 on local recurrence after unplanned resection of soft tissue XXXX ].

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 53-year-old @entity1 had suffered from progressive @entity425 for 8 weeks. She was not able to walk on her own. Two hours after admission endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation became necessary because of @entity1576 . INVESTIGATIONS: Chest radiograph and computerized tomography showed a huge lesion originating from the lower lobe of the left lung with mediastinal infiltration. Histological examination of bronchoscopical-guided biopsy disclosed @entity151 . Electrophysiological studies revealed an incremental response on high-rate stimulation in the repetitive nerve stimulation test. Autoantibodies to P/C-type voltage-gated @entity460 channels were detected. Further, laboratory test results revealed @entity2753 (100 mmol/l) and elevated @entity6085 (11 pg/ml). DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND CLINICAL COURSE: These results led to the diagnosis of paraneoplastic @entity7235 ( @entity7235 ) with @entity1576 caused by @entity151 . Additionally, @entity6085 ( @entity6085 ) was diagnosed as another @entity66 . Because of a prolonged weaning process resulting from inadequacy of mechanical ventilation, administration of intravenous immunoglobulins and chemotherapy with @entity900 and @entity2879 were undertaken. This made successful extubation possible after 7 days. In spite of all supportive treatment, clinical deterioration occurred. The @entity1 died 27 days after the @entity151 had been diagnosed. CONCLUSION: The @entity7235 should be considered in cases of unexplained @entity1576 and clinical evidence of @entity5 .

title: [ @entity7235 with @entity1576 associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb weakness']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7235 :: ('MESH:D015624', 'Disease') :: ['Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome', 'LEMS']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity6085 :: ('MESH:D007177', 'Disease') :: ['ADH', 'SIADH', 'syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 53-year-old @entity1 had suffered from progressive @entity425 for 8 weeks. She was not able to walk on her own. Two hours after admission endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation became necessary because of @entity1576 . INVESTIGATIONS: Chest radiograph and computerized tomography showed a huge lesion originating from the lower lobe of the left lung with mediastinal infiltration. Histological examination of bronchoscopical-guided biopsy disclosed @entity151 . Electrophysiological studies revealed an incremental response on high-rate stimulation in the repetitive nerve stimulation test. Autoantibodies to P/C-type voltage-gated @entity460 channels were detected. Further, laboratory test results revealed @entity2753 (100 mmol/l) and elevated @entity6085 (11 pg/ml). DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND CLINICAL COURSE: These results led to the diagnosis of paraneoplastic @entity7235 ( @entity7235 ) with @entity1576 caused by @entity151 . Additionally, @entity6085 ( @entity6085 ) was diagnosed as another @entity66 . Because of a prolonged weaning process resulting from inadequacy of mechanical ventilation, administration of intravenous immunoglobulins and chemotherapy with @entity900 and @entity2879 were undertaken. This made successful extubation possible after 7 days. In spite of all supportive treatment, clinical deterioration occurred. The @entity1 died 27 days after the @entity151 had been diagnosed. CONCLUSION: The @entity7235 should be considered in cases of unexplained @entity1576 and clinical evidence of @entity5 .

title: [ @entity7235 with XXXX associated with @entity151 ].

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory failure']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 53-year-old @entity1 had suffered from progressive @entity425 for 8 weeks. She was not able to walk on her own. Two hours after admission endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation became necessary because of @entity1576 . INVESTIGATIONS: Chest radiograph and computerized tomography showed a huge lesion originating from the lower lobe of the left lung with mediastinal infiltration. Histological examination of bronchoscopical-guided biopsy disclosed @entity151 . Electrophysiological studies revealed an incremental response on high-rate stimulation in the repetitive nerve stimulation test. Autoantibodies to P/C-type voltage-gated @entity460 channels were detected. Further, laboratory test results revealed @entity2753 (100 mmol/l) and elevated @entity6085 (11 pg/ml). DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND CLINICAL COURSE: These results led to the diagnosis of paraneoplastic @entity7235 ( @entity7235 ) with @entity1576 caused by @entity151 . Additionally, @entity6085 ( @entity6085 ) was diagnosed as another @entity66 . Because of a prolonged weaning process resulting from inadequacy of mechanical ventilation, administration of intravenous immunoglobulins and chemotherapy with @entity900 and @entity2879 were undertaken. This made successful extubation possible after 7 days. In spite of all supportive treatment, clinical deterioration occurred. The @entity1 died 27 days after the @entity151 had been diagnosed. CONCLUSION: The @entity7235 should be considered in cases of unexplained @entity1576 and clinical evidence of @entity5 .

title: [ XXXX with @entity1576 associated with @entity151 ].

answer: @entity7235 :: (MESH:D015624,Disease) :: ['Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome']


abstract: Cyclin E plays a pivotal role in the regulation of G1-S transition and relates to malignant transformation of the cells. However, the clinical significance of cyclin E expression in @entity1 with @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) remains unknown. We examined by immunohistochemistry the expression of cyclin E in 41 resected PTCs in pathologic stages from pT1a to pT4 and analyzed its relation to clinicohistopathologic factors. The positive staining was divided into 3 grades: no expression if less than 10%, expression if 11-50% and overexpression if more than 50% of the nuclei of @entity5 cells were stained positively. Cylin E expressions were observed in 75.6% of analyzed PTCs but only 60% of @entity7172 ( @entity7172 ) were immunopositive for cyclin E expression. However, cyclin E staining was observed in 90.4% of PTCs in a group with TNM higher than pT1a. The staining index was significantly different between the @entity7172 and the rest of the @entity5 investigated (14.91% +/- 14.4% vs. 34.03% +/- 23.44%, respectively; p < 0.005) and we observed positive relation between the staining index and factor T of staging of PTCs. All the lymph node @entity3 coexisted with cyclin E expression and most, but not all, of them coexisted with cyclin E overexpression. These findings indicate that cyclin E may play a key role for the oncogenesis and biologic behavior of @entity3557 . If our results are confirmed in a larger study, a high level of cyclin E expression may become a new prognostic marker for PTCs.

title: Cyclin E expression in XXXX : relation to staging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity7172 :: ('MESH:C563277', 'Disease') :: ['PMCs', 'papillary microcarcinomas']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: @entity36931 ( @entity4855 ) is a member of intracellular @entity460 binding proteins, which have a high affinity to @entity460 . @entity4855 is mainly expressed in the @entity1 intestine, uterus and placenta, and is regulated in tissue- and species-specific manners. Previous studies have shown that @entity4855 expression is mainly controlled by @entity134 hormones and their receptors. Thus, we further investigated the expression and regulation of @entity4855 during an estrus cycle in the @entity1707 uterus by Northern blot and immunoblot analysis in this study. In addition, serum levels of @entity172 (E2) and @entity1420 (P4) were measured using ELISA. The @entity4855 mRNA is highly expressed in the porcine uterus during a luteal phase compared to a follicular phase, and its mRNA level in a luteal phase is increased up to 10-fold compared to a follicular phase. In parallel to the level of @entity4855 mRNA, the @entity4855 protein is also dominantly expressed in the porcine uterus, and strongly expressed in the epithelium and glands of the porcine uterus during a luteal phase. Although, the localization of the @entity4855 protein is scarcely detected at follicular phase, it is dominantly expressed in the porcine uterus during a luteal phase. In addition, the serum P4 level was significantly increased during a luteal phase compared to a follicular phase, whereas no difference was observed in E2 levels between follicular and luteal phases, indicating that the ratio of P4/E2 is remarkably increased in porcine uterus during a luteal phase compared to a follicular phase. In conclusion, these results suggest that P4 may play an important role in the up-regulation of @entity4855 gene in the porcine uterus in a luteal phase, which is unlike the condition in the @entity35 uterus. In addition, the porcine @entity4855 may be dominantly expressed in the epithelium and glandular structure of @entity1707 uterus during a luteal phase. It may also be differentially regulated during this cycle presumably by @entity134 hormones, especially up-regulated P4 levels in this tissue.

title: Dominant expression of porcine XXXX in the uterus during a luteal phase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity36931 :: (397265(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['Calbindin-D9k']


abstract: In addition to evidence of the vital reaction it is important from the forensic aspect to assess the age of wounds, in particular in wounds with a short time of survival. To both can contribute detection of adhesive molecules, identified in recent years, possibly in combination with other markers of early stages of reparative @entity32 . The submitted paper comprises the results of investigation of 465 skin wounds. The investigated samples were obtained from necroptic material, excision from wounds of treated @entity1 and from experimental @entity130 in @entity19 . Assessment of the age of @entity130 by means of endothelial adhesive molecules was made in paraffin sections after transfer into Varioclave and using the ABC techniqueref.. In @entity1 material a strong positive reaction of @entity2071 was observed first after 1 and a half hours and latest after 3 and a half days, in @entity8729 first after 3 mins., latest after 7 hours, in @entity4105 first after 1 hour and latest after 17 days, in @entity4725 first after 3 hours and latest 3 and a half days after the development of the injury. Expression of @entity1196 was not typical for the injury. In @entity272 of @entity19 positive immunohistochemical reactions were found as a rule sooner than in @entity272 of @entity1 . Fibronectin was detected in paraffin sections from 70 skin wounds of dissected subjects immunohistochemically by the indirect immunoperoxidase reaction and by the use of the ABC technique labelled with alkaline phosphatase. Positive evidence was observed first after 5 minutes and latest after 8 hours. CONCLUSION: Detection of a rise of expression of @entity2071 , @entity4725 and P- and E. selectin and the formation of basic netlike fibronectin structures improves the assessment of the age of wounds with a short survival period.

title: [Time-related expression of adhesive proteins and other markers of age of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: Data on the rising incidence of @entity2953 and its relation to the use of modern contraceptives is reviewed. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated the existence of 100 million cases of @entity2954 annually in the world, and the disease is now the most common notifiable @entity281 after measles. WHO reported a worldwide 90% increase in syphilis since 1960, and @entity6369 (viral) has been reported as common as @entity2954 in England and Wales. Several studies indicate that sexual intercourse is initiated at a younger age and that premarital and extramarital sexual experience are increasing. Over 60% of @entity1 with @entity2954 have no symptoms; syphillis is milder in @entity1 than @entity1 , and nonspecific @entity790 are more difficult to detect in @entity1 . The mobile society promotes casual sex which favors the spread of @entity2953 . Although reliable evidence is scanty, oral contraceptives fail to provide a physical barrier and could thus facilitate transmission. A recent study of 522 @entity1 attending a @entity2953 clinic in Uppsala, Sweden showed that the number of partners and frequency of intercourse had increases for 141 @entity1 on the pill. @entity281 was common, and @entity2954 was diagnosed in 67% of 250 @entity1 . Evidence further suggests that the pill's alteration of the @entity413 metabolism changes in the genital tract resembling pregnancy may favor the growth of @entity365 . Evidence also indicates that IUDs may increase the incidence of @entity5280 , and the dangers of tubal blockage are likewise increased for the IUD user contracting @entity2954 . The condom remains the best protection against the spread of @entity2953 particularly if it is worn prior to intercourse and throughout intercourse.

title: Modern contraception and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['nonspecific urethritis']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['venereal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Genital infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic infection']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal candidal infestations']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital diseases']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['venereal disease']