abstract: OBJECTIVES: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with positron emission tomography (PET) has advantages over single-photon emission computerized tomography, particularly for @entity1 . This investigation was undertaken to define the prognosis of a normal stress PET MPI study in @entity1 . METHODS: The cohort comprised 457 @entity1 evaluated for suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ) who had normal pharmacologic stress (82)Rb PET MPI. No @entity1 had clinically evident @entity453 . Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to determine @entity204 and initial nonfatal cardiac event rates over 7 years. Log rank tests were used to assess the relationship between baseline cardiac risk and events during follow-up, and to contrast survival in the cohort with age- and gender-matched US census comparators. RESULTS: During follow-up, there were 11 deaths (all nonischemic), 3 nonfatal @entity583 , 3 percutaneous coronary interventions and 1 coronary artery bypass operation. Average risks of @entity204 and initial nonfatal @entity299 were 0.72 and 0.47% per year, respectively. @entity299 were associated with a history of @entity6 (p < 0.0003) and a family history of @entity453 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A normal cardiac PET study is associated with a very low rate of future @entity299 . @entity1 with @entity6 and a strong family history of @entity453 are more likely to sustain events and require close surveillance for the development of @entity301 .

title: Prognosis of a normal positron emission tomography 82Rb myocardial perfusion imaging study in @entity1 with no history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'Cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with positron emission tomography (PET) has advantages over single-photon emission computerized tomography, particularly for @entity1 . This investigation was undertaken to define the prognosis of a normal stress PET MPI study in @entity1 . METHODS: The cohort comprised 457 @entity1 evaluated for suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ) who had normal pharmacologic stress (82)Rb PET MPI. No @entity1 had clinically evident @entity453 . Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to determine @entity204 and initial nonfatal cardiac event rates over 7 years. Log rank tests were used to assess the relationship between baseline cardiac risk and events during follow-up, and to contrast survival in the cohort with age- and gender-matched US census comparators. RESULTS: During follow-up, there were 11 deaths (all nonischemic), 3 nonfatal @entity583 , 3 percutaneous coronary interventions and 1 coronary artery bypass operation. Average risks of @entity204 and initial nonfatal @entity299 were 0.72 and 0.47% per year, respectively. @entity299 were associated with a history of @entity6 (p < 0.0003) and a family history of @entity453 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A normal cardiac PET study is associated with a very low rate of future @entity299 . @entity1 with @entity6 and a strong family history of @entity453 are more likely to sustain events and require close surveillance for the development of @entity301 .

title: Prognosis of a normal positron emission tomography 82Rb myocardial perfusion imaging study in XXXX with no history of @entity301 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The relation between the morphologic configuration of QRS complexes during wide QRS @entity591 induced during electrophysiologic studies and sinus rhythm was examined in 18 @entity1 who had preexisting left or @entity714 . Representative QRS complexes during sinus rhythm and during @entity591 were isolated from each @entity1 and juxtaposed for comparison. The QRS complexes that constituted each pair were judged by 4 observers as being identical, different or, if the decision was equivocal, similar. Nine @entity1 had @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ). In 8 of the 9 @entity1 , all 4 observers found the QRS complexes during sinus rhythm and @entity4710 identical in morphologic configuration. In the other @entity1 , 2 observers found the QRS complexes identical and 2 found them similar. In 12 @entity1 @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) was induced. In 11 of these 12, all 4 observers found the QRS complexes during @entity1165 different from their respective sinus beats. In the other @entity1 , 3 observers found the QRS complexes different, whereas the fourth found them similar. During @entity4710 , the QRS duration was unchanged from the corresponding value during sinus rhythm, whereas in @entity1 with @entity1165 , QRS width increased by a mean of 56 +/- 20 ms (p less than 0.001). The results of our study suggest that the electrocardiographic differentiation of wide QRS @entity591 in @entity1 with preexisting @entity5036 can be accomplished easily and accurately by comparing the QRS complexes during @entity591 with those during sinus rhythm: If the complexes are identical, the @entity591 is supraventricular, but if they are different, the @entity943 is ventricular in origin.

title: Value of preexisting XXXX in the electrocardiographic differentiation of supraventricular from ventricular origin of wide QRS @entity591 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity5036 :: (OMIM:113900,Disease) :: ['bundle branch block']


abstract: The relation between the morphologic configuration of QRS complexes during wide QRS @entity591 induced during electrophysiologic studies and sinus rhythm was examined in 18 @entity1 who had preexisting left or @entity714 . Representative QRS complexes during sinus rhythm and during @entity591 were isolated from each @entity1 and juxtaposed for comparison. The QRS complexes that constituted each pair were judged by 4 observers as being identical, different or, if the decision was equivocal, similar. Nine @entity1 had @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ). In 8 of the 9 @entity1 , all 4 observers found the QRS complexes during sinus rhythm and @entity4710 identical in morphologic configuration. In the other @entity1 , 2 observers found the QRS complexes identical and 2 found them similar. In 12 @entity1 @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) was induced. In 11 of these 12, all 4 observers found the QRS complexes during @entity1165 different from their respective sinus beats. In the other @entity1 , 3 observers found the QRS complexes different, whereas the fourth found them similar. During @entity4710 , the QRS duration was unchanged from the corresponding value during sinus rhythm, whereas in @entity1 with @entity1165 , QRS width increased by a mean of 56 +/- 20 ms (p less than 0.001). The results of our study suggest that the electrocardiographic differentiation of wide QRS @entity591 in @entity1 with preexisting @entity5036 can be accomplished easily and accurately by comparing the QRS complexes during @entity591 with those during sinus rhythm: If the complexes are identical, the @entity591 is supraventricular, but if they are different, the @entity943 is ventricular in origin.

title: Value of preexisting @entity5036 in the electrocardiographic differentiation of supraventricular from ventricular origin of wide QRS XXXX .

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: Class-II human leukocyte antigens (HLA) present @entity5 antigenic peptides on the cell surface in order to be recognized by T lymphocytes. Thereby, these molecules can play an important role in the immune response to @entity0 antigens. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between @entity0 and HLA class-II alleles in @entity233 . The study groups consisted of 69 @entity0 @entity1 and 45 healthy controls. Typing of @entity1533 and @entity3098 from DNA samples was performed by Sequence Specific Oligonucletide Hybridisation. Significant negative correlations were observed between @entity1533 03 and @entity3098 02 alleles and @entity0 (p1 = 0.019; p2 = 0.019) and also between @entity3098 02 allele and postmenopausal @entity0 (P = 0.022) and @entity1722 positivity (P = 0.038). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between @entity1533 13 and @entity3098 06 alleles and progesteron receptor positivity (p1 = 0.012; p2 = 0.001); and a significant negative correlation between @entity3098 03 allele and progesteron receptor positivity (P = 0.009) in @entity0 . Additionally, another significant positive correlation was seen between @entity1533 04 allele and @entity1722 positivity (P = 0.036). As a result, while @entity1533 03, @entity3098 02, @entity1533 13, and @entity3098 06 alleles were found to be involved in protectiveness against @entity0 and good prognosis; @entity3098 03 and @entity1533 04 alleles were found to be involved in poor prognosis. In conclusion, by determining allele types showing predisposition to @entity0 , a systematical screening and follow up systems can be developed for @entity1 who are at high risk.

title: HLA class-II allele frequencies in Turkish XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Class-II human leukocyte antigens (HLA) present @entity5 antigenic peptides on the cell surface in order to be recognized by T lymphocytes. Thereby, these molecules can play an important role in the immune response to @entity0 antigens. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between @entity0 and HLA class-II alleles in @entity233 . The study groups consisted of 69 @entity0 @entity1 and 45 healthy controls. Typing of @entity1533 and @entity3098 from DNA samples was performed by Sequence Specific Oligonucletide Hybridisation. Significant negative correlations were observed between @entity1533 03 and @entity3098 02 alleles and @entity0 (p1 = 0.019; p2 = 0.019) and also between @entity3098 02 allele and postmenopausal @entity0 (P = 0.022) and @entity1722 positivity (P = 0.038). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between @entity1533 13 and @entity3098 06 alleles and progesteron receptor positivity (p1 = 0.012; p2 = 0.001); and a significant negative correlation between @entity3098 03 allele and progesteron receptor positivity (P = 0.009) in @entity0 . Additionally, another significant positive correlation was seen between @entity1533 04 allele and @entity1722 positivity (P = 0.036). As a result, while @entity1533 03, @entity3098 02, @entity1533 13, and @entity3098 06 alleles were found to be involved in protectiveness against @entity0 and good prognosis; @entity3098 03 and @entity1533 04 alleles were found to be involved in poor prognosis. In conclusion, by determining allele types showing predisposition to @entity0 , a systematical screening and follow up systems can be developed for @entity1 who are at high risk.

title: HLA class-II allele frequencies in Turkish @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: Case 1: A 46-year old female @entity1 presented with a recently occurred icterus of unknown origin as well as dark urine and decolored stool. No diseases were found in the @entity1 's medical history. Clinical examination showed no other findings exept from the icterus. Case 2: A 48-year old female @entity1 was admitted to hospital with @entity158 and icterus. Similar symptoms reoccurred regularly since several years. The @entity1 already underwent cholecystectomy and an ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography) that showed no pathological findings. She reported @entity1118 in her finger joints and appearance of haematomas without adequate @entity130 . CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS: Case 1: We found highly elevated liver enzymes and @entity648 . Ultrasound examination was unremarkable.The laboratory examination showed a negative serology for @entity99 , B and C, marked immunoglobulin G (IgG) elevation and hypergammaglobulinaemia. Liver biopsy and analysis of autoimmune antibodies were performed showing high titers of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ). Case 2: We found a considerably reduced liver function with low albumin and prothrombin time, as well as a moderate elevation of liver enzymes and a high @entity648 . Ultrasound examination revealed hepatic parenchymal changes, splenomegaly, and @entity843 . Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy showed oesophageal varices I  . Serology for @entity99 , B, and C was negative. Also in this case, a marked IgG elevation and hypergammaglobulinaemia were found. Liver biopsy was performed. Autoimmune antibodies (ANA and @entity3960 ) were detectable with high titers. DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND COURSE: In both cases, we diagnosed an @entity775 by means of laboratory values, histological findings and detection of typical autoantibodies. Immediate therapy with high-dose @entity617 therapy was initiated (case 1: 60 mg/day; case 2: 100 mg/day), resulting in improvement of @entity1 ' condition, clinical findings and laboratory values in both cases. Case 1: The @entity1 showed fast recovery under @entity617 and the further course was without any complications. Continuous therapy with 15 mg /day and clinical monitoring through day hospital was recommended. Case 2: We saw a slower recovery and prolonged reduced liver function with the necessity to substitute coagulation factors. Furthermore, the therapy of subsequent complications, such as surgical drainage of a haematoma, @entity4 , @entity74 and @entity281 under @entity617 was necessary. Liver transplantation is planned if the disease progresses further. CONCLUSION: Elevated liver enzymes should always be further investigated. @entity775 is a rare disease. Rapid response to immunosuppressive therapy, such as @entity617 , is characteristic. Early diagnosis and therapy are essential for the @entity1 prognosis. Liver transplantation is indicated in @entity1442 .

title: [ XXXX : two case reports with different clinical courses - case 3/2011].

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth muscle antibodies', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['wound healing disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune hepatitis', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: The mechanism of uptake of @entity72783 ( @entity72783 ) and @entity2186 ( @entity2187 ) by enterocytes and their subsequent fate have been uncertain. To examine this problem double-labeled IF X @entity2187 was added to small intestinal organ cultures. When 125I-IF X [57Co]Cbl was added to @entity95 ileal explants, binding and internalization increased linearly for 24 h. After an 18-h chase with nonlabeled IF X @entity2187 , no 125I-IF returned to the cell surface. An amount of 35-45% of the internalized @entity2187 was found free, not bound to @entity72783 or any other protein. About 60% of both internalized ligands was bound to membranes but by a non- @entity141 -dependent bond, suggesting binding to a protein other than the brush-border receptor. @entity2186 was released from @entity72783 at pH 5.0 to the same degree (30%) as free @entity2187 was found inside the cell (35-45%). Neither pancreatic proteases nor ileal homogenates effected release of @entity2187 from @entity72783 . When cathepsins were added, the @entity2187 released was no greater than could be attributed to pH 5.0 alone. @entity503 added to tissue explants did not alter the percentage of free intracellular @entity2187 . From these results we suggest that IF X @entity2187 is internalized and detached from the receptor within the enterocyte. The mechanism of release is not known but seems to require an acid pH (5.0). The @entity2187 is released in the mucosa, perhaps when the IF X @entity2187 complex enters a nonlysosomal cellular compartment with an acidic environment. There is no substantial recycling of @entity72783 to the brush-border membrane.

title: Intestinal uptake and release of @entity2186 complexed with rat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalamin', 'Cobalamin']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloroquine']

answer: @entity72783 :: (29319(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['intrinsic factor']


abstract: The mechanism of uptake of @entity72783 ( @entity72783 ) and @entity2186 ( @entity2187 ) by enterocytes and their subsequent fate have been uncertain. To examine this problem double-labeled IF X @entity2187 was added to small intestinal organ cultures. When 125I-IF X [57Co]Cbl was added to @entity95 ileal explants, binding and internalization increased linearly for 24 h. After an 18-h chase with nonlabeled IF X @entity2187 , no 125I-IF returned to the cell surface. An amount of 35-45% of the internalized @entity2187 was found free, not bound to @entity72783 or any other protein. About 60% of both internalized ligands was bound to membranes but by a non- @entity141 -dependent bond, suggesting binding to a protein other than the brush-border receptor. @entity2186 was released from @entity72783 at pH 5.0 to the same degree (30%) as free @entity2187 was found inside the cell (35-45%). Neither pancreatic proteases nor ileal homogenates effected release of @entity2187 from @entity72783 . When cathepsins were added, the @entity2187 released was no greater than could be attributed to pH 5.0 alone. @entity503 added to tissue explants did not alter the percentage of free intracellular @entity2187 . From these results we suggest that IF X @entity2187 is internalized and detached from the receptor within the enterocyte. The mechanism of release is not known but seems to require an acid pH (5.0). The @entity2187 is released in the mucosa, perhaps when the IF X @entity2187 complex enters a nonlysosomal cellular compartment with an acidic environment. There is no substantial recycling of @entity72783 to the brush-border membrane.

title: Intestinal uptake and release of XXXX complexed with rat @entity72783 .

answer: @entity2186 :: (MESH:D014805,Chemical) :: ['cobalamin']


abstract: Functional residual capacity (FRC), rib cage and abdominal dimensions (rc-ab), central blood volume (CBV), and extra vascular lung water (EVLW) were measured in six lung-healthy subjects awake and during @entity1508 anesthesia, @entity4589 , and mechanical ventilation. FRC was assessed by multiple breath @entity1568 washout, rc-ab dimensions by computerized tomography, and CBV and EVLW by a double-indicator dilution technique (thermo-dye). During anesthesia, FRC decreased by 0.5 1 (17%). The cross-sectional chest area was reduced by 12-20 cm2, causing an approximate reduction in thoracic volume by 0.3 1. Concomitantly, the diaphragm was moved cranially by an average of 1.9 cm, diminishing the thoracic volume a further 0.5 1. The abdominal cross-sectional area did not alter significantly, despite the shift of the diaphragm. @entity2541 decreased by 0.3 1. EVLW did not change significantly. It is concluded that the thoracic volume is reduced during @entity1508 anesthesia, @entity4589 , and mechanical ventilation as a result of cranial shift of the diaphragm and reduction in transverse area. The decrease in thoracic volume is accompanied by a reduction in FRC and a displacement of blood from the thorax to the abdomen, the transverse area of the latter thus being maintained despite the shift of the diaphragm.

title: Functional residual capacity, thoracoabdominal dimensions, and central blood volume during general anesthesia with XXXX and mechanical ventilation.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

answer: @entity4589 :: (MESH:D012133,Disease) :: ['muscle paralysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the early and intermediate results of @entity449 repair (EVAR) using the Endurant stent graft (Medtronic Cardiovascular, Santa Rosa, @entity2948 ) in @entity1 treated according to device-specific instructions for use (IFU) for the proximal aortic neck compared with those obtained in @entity1 treated in an off-label (OL) situation. METHODS: Between November 2007 and March 2010, 177 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) were treated with the Endurant stent graft at our centers. The IFU for the Endurant stent graft included a proximal neck of 15 mm in length and <75   of angulation or 10 mm of neck length and <60   of angulation. The 121 @entity1 (68.4%) operated on according to IFU were compared with 56 (31.6%) who underwent EVAR in OL circumstances to evaluate significant differences in demographics, intraoperative technical factors, and early (30 days) and intermediate outcomes (1 year). RESULTS: Significantly more @entity1 were aged >80 years in the OL group (37.5% vs 19%, P = .008), and they also had larger @entity439 (59    10.6 vs 55.9    10.8 mm, P = .05) and required a longer procedure time (69.3    27.2 vs 60.8    20.4 minutes, P = .02). At 30 days, the risk of @entity1070 was higher in the OL group (2 @entity1 , 3.6% vs 0 in IFU), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = .09). The two groups were similar in rates of perioperative mortality, major morbidity, technical success, clinical success, complications, and reinterventions. At 1 year, there were no differences between the two groups in survival, freedom from any device-related reinterventions, and freedom from graft @entity715 . Estimated 1-year freedom from @entity1070 was 100% in the IFU group vs 93.3% in the OL group (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with both normal and complex anatomy of the proximal aortic neck, the Endurant stent graft obtained acceptable results, with no difference in survival, morbidity, or reinterventions. However, there was a greater risk of @entity1070 when OL indications were applied. Longer term follow-up is required to evaluate the effectiveness of this endograft in preventing late @entity439 .

title: Evaluation of the Endurant stent graft under instructions for use vs off-label conditions for XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type I endoleak']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm-related complications']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['endovascular aortic aneurysm']


abstract: AIMS: The standard adjuvant therapy for resected @entity5 has been intravenous @entity1487 . However, newer chemotherapy agents, such as @entity416 , @entity901 and @entity2600 , have been investigated in clinical trials since the publication of the original guidelines. The @entity1820 Site Group (DSG) conducted a systematic review of the evidence for the use of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for @entity1 with resected stage II and III @entity694 and developed an updated practice guideline based on that evidence and expert consensus. The following research questions were addressed: Should @entity1 with @entity5 receive adjuvant systemic chemotherapy? What are the preferred adjuvant systemic chemotherapy options for @entity1 with completely resected @entity5 ? Outcomes of interest were disease-free survival, overall survival, adverse effects and quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of published studies was conducted for the time period following the publication of the original guidelines to identify relevant randomised trials and syntheses of evidence in the form of meta-analyses. Recommendations were based on that evidence, evidence contained in the original guidelines and consensus of the @entity1820 DSG. The systematic review and practice guideline were externally reviewed through a mailed survey of practitioners in Ontario, Canada. RESULTS: Recommendations were drafted based on the available evidence and expert consensus. CONCLUSIONS: The routine use of adjuvant chemotherapy for all @entity1 with @entity5 is not recommended. However, a subset of @entity1 with high-risk stage II disease should be considered for adjuvant therapy. @entity1 with completely resected @entity5 should be offered adjuvant chemotherapy. Treatment should depend on factors such as @entity1 suitability and preference, and @entity1 and clinicians must work together to determine the optimal course of treatment.

title: Adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for XXXX after complete resection: an updated practice guideline.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II colon cancer', 'stage III colon cancer', 'stage II or III colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease', 'Gastrointestinal Cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage II and III colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical and epidemiological features of @entity683 A H1N1 2009 diagnosed @entity1 in the Emergency Department of 4 hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective multicentre study conducted from july to december 2009. The @entity1 diagnosed by Real-Time PCR of @entity683 A H1N1 2009 in the emergency department were included. The test was requested according to the protocols established throughout the epidemic. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory variables and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 456 cases were included, with a median age of 6.5years (PC(25-75) 3-10.6). There were risk factors of complications In 266 @entity1 (59.4%) due to the @entity683 , mainly: respiratory (47%), cardiovascular (17%), neurological (14%) and immunosuppression (11%). The most frequent symptoms were @entity221 (96%), (88%) cough, (72%) rhinorrhoea, @entity121 or @entity1395 and breathing difficulties and, less common, @entity16 . Chest X-ray was performed on 224 cases (49%), with lobar (31%) and interstitial (15%) infiltrates. One hundred and forty @entity1 (31%) were hospitalised and 3.2% required Intensive Care Unit (median stay 4 and 3.5days, respectively). The most frequent complications were @entity55 and @entity5143 . Three @entity1 died (a previously healthy @entity1 with @entity2401 and 2 @entity1 with @entity75 due to @entity1576 ). Another case of @entity2401 recovered with sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of @entity1 with @entity683 A 2009 diagnosed in the emergency department was a school @entity1 , with risk factors of complications, presenting with respiratory symptoms and @entity221 over a short time, and who can be discharged. It is important to emphasise @entity2401 , as well as the usual respiratory complications of @entity683 virus.

title: [Clinical features of XXXX A H1N1 2009: a multicentre study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle aches']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasms']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits of drug therapy to @entity6 @entity1 in terms of glycemic control, microvascular complications, cardiovascular event risk, mortality, and quality of life have been well established by clinical trial data. However, it has been a challenge to quantify the relationship between adherence and outcomes such as glycemic control, disease-related events, hospitalizations, cost, and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: This article provides a comprehensive summary of empirical studies that examine the associations between adherence and glycemic control, health care utilization, quality of life, and mortality in @entity1 with @entity6 . It is intended to provide a framework for researchers interested in conducting studies to improve their understanding of the value of medication adherence for @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: Relevant published articles were identified through searches of the National Center for Biotechnology PubMed database. Medical subject heading (MESH) terms @entity6 , hypoglycemic agents, and insulin, were each combined with the MESH term medication adherence and with the subheadings economics, prevention and control, psychology, statistics and numerical data, therapy, adverse effects, therapeutic use, and administration and dosage, where available. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) analyzed empirical data on some measure of @entity1 adherence to @entity6 pharmacotherapy; (2) described methods for measuring @entity1 adherence; (3) evaluated economic, clinical, or humanistic outcomes related to @entity6 ; and (4) had as a goal of the research to evaluate the link between @entity1 adherence and outcomes (as a primary or secondary objective). The data from the articles meeting these criteria were then abstracted, including mention of the specific interventions being compared, specific methods for measuring adherence, outcomes compared between adherent and nonadherent @entity1 and how these outcomes were measured, and information on variables that were adjusted for in predictive and causal multivariable models. RESULTS: A total of 37 articles that met all 4 criteria in this review underwent data extraction. Of these studies, 22 (59%) used objective measures to assess adherence, with 1 study using pill counts to assess adherence and 21 using either pharmacy claims or similar refill records to assess refill behavior. The remaining 15 (41%) studies used a wide variety of subjective @entity1 -reported adherence assessments. The majority (13/23 [57%]) of the glycemic control studies reported that improved adherence was associated with better glycemic control. The ability to draw a distinction between adherence and glycemic control tended to occur more frequently [7/9 (78%)] among studies that characterized adherence in terms of prescription refills compared with studies that used various constructs for @entity1 -reported adherence measures. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the literature, better adherence was found to be associated with improved glycemic control and decreased health care resource utilization. There was no consistent association between improved adherence and decreased health care costs. Little data were available on the association between adherence and quality of life.

title: A review of XXXX treatment adherence and the association with clinical and economic outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: This study compared the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography arthrography ( @entity13542 ) in the assessment of capsular tears at the undersurface of the extensor carpi radials brevis tendon in chronic @entity2633 using arthroscopy as a gold standard. Because of the higher spatial resolution of CT, we hypothesized that @entity13542 is superior to MRI for assessing capsular tears. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 19 consecutive @entity1 with chronic @entity2633 with preoperative MRI and @entity13542 studies who underwent arthroscopic surgery. Three observers with different levels of training and experience (musculoskeletal radiologist, experienced elbow surgeon, and hand fellow) evaluated the capsular tear by MRI and @entity13542 in a blinded manner. The results of the MRI and @entity13542 were compared and the agreement among the 3 observers was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Then, the results of the MRI and @entity13542 examinations were compared with the intraoperative findings of the arthroscopic examination. The sensitivity, specificity, and k value were calculated. RESULTS: The ICC of @entity13542 (0.855) was superior to MRI (0.645). The sensitivity, specificity, and k value of @entity13542 were superior to those of MRI in each of the 3 observers. The k value was 0.79, 0.89, and 0.79 for @entity13542 , and 0.48, 0.48, and 0.27 for MRI for the radiologist, surgeon, and fellow, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13542 was a reliable and accurate diagnostic modality compared with MRI to detect the capsular tear in @entity1 with chronic @entity2633 . @entity13542 was less influenced by the observer's experience.

title: The detection of the capsular tear at the undersurface of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon in chronic XXXX : the value of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography arthrography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['tennis elbow']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['tennis elbow']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the muscle fat fraction (MFF) measured with dual-echo dual-flip-angle spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state ( @entity31181 ) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique by using muscle biopsy as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After ethics approval, written informed consent from all @entity1 was obtained. Twenty-seven consecutive @entity1 , evaluated at the @entity4094 Center with a possible diagnosis of @entity4094 , were prospectively studied with MR imaging of the lower extremities to quantify muscle fatty infiltration by means of MFF calculation. Spin-density- and T1-weighted fast @entity31181 in-phase and opposed-phase dual-echo sequences were performed, respectively, with 20   and 80   flip angles. Round regions of interest were drawn by consensus on selected MR sections corresponding to anticipated biopsy sites. These were marked on the @entity1 's skin with a pen by using the infrared spider light of the system, and subsequent muscle biopsy was performed. MR images with regions of interest were stored on a secondary console where the MFF calculation was performed by another radiologist blinded to the biopsy results. MFFs calculated with dual-echo dual-flip-angle @entity31181 MR imaging and biopsy were compared by using a paired t test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman plots. P value of < .05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. RESULTS: The mean MFFs obtained with dual-echo dual-flip-angle @entity31181 MR imaging and biopsy were 20.3% (range, 1.7%-45.1%) and 20.6% (range, 3%-46.1%), respectively. The mean difference, standard deviation of the difference, and t value were -0.3, 1.3, and -1.3 (P > .2), respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.995; with the Bland-Altman method, all data points were within the    2 SDs limits of agreement. CONCLUSION: The results show that dual-echo dual-flip-angle @entity31181 MR imaging technique provides reliable calculation of MFF, consistent with biopsy measurements.

title: Muscle fat fraction in XXXX : dual-echo dual-flip-angle spoiled gradient-recalled MR imaging technique for quantification--a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorder', 'Neuromuscular Disorders']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonmilitary personnel play an increasingly critical role in modern wars. Stark differences exist between the demographic characteristics, training and missions of military and nonmilitary members. We examined the differences in types of injury and rates of returning to duty among nonmilitary and military personnel participating in @entity7441 in Iraq and Afghanistan. METHODS: We collected data for nonmilitary personnel medically evacuated from @entity7441 in Iraq and Afghanistan between 2004 and 2007. We compared injury categories and return-to-duty rates in this group with previously published data for military personnel and identified factors associated with return to duty. RESULTS: Of the 2155 medically evacuated nonmilitary personnel, 74.7% did not return to duty. War-related @entity130 in this group accounted for 25.6% of the evacuations, the most common causes being combat-related @entity130 (55.4%) and musculoskeletal/spinal @entity130 (22.9%). Among individuals with non-war-related @entity130 , @entity85 accounted for 17.8% of evacuations. Diagnoses associated with the highest return-to-duty rates in the group of nonmilitary personnel were @entity146 diagnoses (15.6%) among those with war-related @entity130 and noncardiac chest or @entity490 (44.0%) among those with non-war-related @entity130 . Compared with military personnel, nonmilitary personnel with war-related @entity130 were less likely to return to duty (4.4% v. 5.9%, p = 0.001) but more likely to return to duty after non-war-related @entity130 (32.5% v. 30.7%, p = 0.001). INTERPRETATION: Compared with military personnel, nonmilitary personnel were more likely to be evacuated with non-war-related @entity130 but more likely to return to duty after such @entity130 . For evacuations because of war-related @entity130 , this trend was reversed.

title: Diagnoses and factors associated with medical evacuation and return to duty among nonmilitary personnel participating in XXXX in Iraq and Afghanistan.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['military operations']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity7441 :: (MESH:D056987,Disease) :: ['military operations']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the associated factors of recurrence in @entity1 who received laser surgery for @entity8407 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinicopathologic data of @entity1 and their @entity1082 genome status were used to analyze their association with recurrence after surgery. RESULTS: Of 114 enrolled @entity1 , 90 were @entity1 and 24 were @entity1 with an average age of 49.7    12.2 years, and follow-up was 1.75 to 9.1 years (mean, 3.4    1.3 years). Recurrence after surgery occurred in 20 @entity1 (17.5%). Thirteen @entity1 had malignant transformation (11.4%). Twenty @entity1 showed positivity for @entity1082 (21.7%). Univariate analysis showed that @entity1 who did not quit smoking or chewing betel quid after surgical treatment or whose @entity8407 took the form of widespread multiple-focus lesions, nonhomogeneous @entity12120 , and higher-grade @entity1141 tended to have recurrence. Among these significant risk factors, continuous smoking after surgical treatment (odds ratio, 3.82) and widespread multiple-focus lesions (odds ratio, 4.54) were the independent prognostic factors for recurrence using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Those who did not quit chewing betel quid or smoking cigarettes were 19.8 or 9.7 times, respectively, more likely to develop recurrence than those who did quit. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that continuous smoking after surgical treatment and widespread multiple-focus lesions are the prognostic indicators for recurrence after laser surgery. Changes in oral habits can be of great importance to the outcome of laser surgery of @entity8407 .

title: Treatment outcome of XXXX with carbon dioxide laser--emphasis on the factors affecting recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8407 :: ('MESH:D007972', 'Disease') :: ['oral leukoplakia', 'dysplastic oral leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity8407 :: (MESH:D007972,Disease) :: ['dysplastic oral leukoplakia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Depending on the cytokine microenvironment, macrophages (M  ) can adopt a proinflammatory (M1) or a profibrotic (M2) phenotype characterized by the expression of cell surface proteins such as @entity14452 and @entity11772 and soluble factors such as @entity11602 ( @entity11602 ). A key role for M   in @entity82 has been observed in diverse organ settings. We studied the M   population in a @entity1 model of peritoneal dialysis in which continuous stress due to dialysis fluids and recurrent @entity298 represent a risk for peritoneal membrane dysfunction reflected as ultrafiltration failure (UFF) and peritoneal @entity82 . METHODS: We used flow cytometry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to analyse the phenotype of peritoneal effluent M   and tested their ability to stimulate the proliferation of @entity1 fibroblasts. M   from non-infected @entity1 were compared with those from @entity1 with active @entity298 . Cytokine production was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in spent dialysates and cell culture supernatants. RESULTS: @entity14452 (+) and @entity11772 (+) M2 were found within peritoneal effluents by flow cytometry analysis, with increased frequencies of @entity11772 (+) cells during @entity298 (P = 0.003). @entity2533 , @entity1495 and @entity11602 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in peritoneal macrophages (pM  ) were similar to those found in M2 cells differentiated in vitro. The ability of pM   to stimulate fibroblast proliferation correlated with @entity11602 mRNA levels (r = 0.924, P = 0.016). @entity11602 production by pM   was confirmed by immunostaining of cytospin samples and ELISA. Moreover, @entity11602 effluent concentrations correlated with decreased peritoneal function, which was evaluated as dialysate to plasma ratio of @entity1011 (r = 0.724, P < 0.0001), and were significantly higher in @entity1 with UFF (P = 0.0025) and in those who later developed @entity2976 (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: M2 may participate in @entity1 peritoneal @entity82 through the stimulation of fibroblast cell growth and @entity11602 production as high concentrations of @entity11602 are associated with @entity177 and @entity82 of the peritoneal membrane.

title: Alternative activation of macrophages in @entity1 peritoneum: implications for peritoneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2976 :: ('MESH:D056627', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['functional deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Depending on the cytokine microenvironment, macrophages (M  ) can adopt a proinflammatory (M1) or a profibrotic (M2) phenotype characterized by the expression of cell surface proteins such as @entity14452 and @entity11772 and soluble factors such as @entity11602 ( @entity11602 ). A key role for M   in @entity82 has been observed in diverse organ settings. We studied the M   population in a @entity1 model of peritoneal dialysis in which continuous stress due to dialysis fluids and recurrent @entity298 represent a risk for peritoneal membrane dysfunction reflected as ultrafiltration failure (UFF) and peritoneal @entity82 . METHODS: We used flow cytometry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to analyse the phenotype of peritoneal effluent M   and tested their ability to stimulate the proliferation of @entity1 fibroblasts. M   from non-infected @entity1 were compared with those from @entity1 with active @entity298 . Cytokine production was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in spent dialysates and cell culture supernatants. RESULTS: @entity14452 (+) and @entity11772 (+) M2 were found within peritoneal effluents by flow cytometry analysis, with increased frequencies of @entity11772 (+) cells during @entity298 (P = 0.003). @entity2533 , @entity1495 and @entity11602 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in peritoneal macrophages (pM  ) were similar to those found in M2 cells differentiated in vitro. The ability of pM   to stimulate fibroblast proliferation correlated with @entity11602 mRNA levels (r = 0.924, P = 0.016). @entity11602 production by pM   was confirmed by immunostaining of cytospin samples and ELISA. Moreover, @entity11602 effluent concentrations correlated with decreased peritoneal function, which was evaluated as dialysate to plasma ratio of @entity1011 (r = 0.724, P < 0.0001), and were significantly higher in @entity1 with UFF (P = 0.0025) and in those who later developed @entity2976 (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: M2 may participate in @entity1 peritoneal @entity82 through the stimulation of fibroblast cell growth and @entity11602 production as high concentrations of @entity11602 are associated with @entity177 and @entity82 of the peritoneal membrane.

title: Alternative activation of macrophages in XXXX peritoneum: implications for peritoneal @entity82 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of @entity2213 in the treatment of @entity7087 ( @entity7087 ). METHODS: In this phase IIa, open-label, single-arm clinical trial, 30 @entity1 with @entity7087 were treated with @entity2213 400 mg daily. @entity1 were monitored monthly for safety assessments. @entity272 ( @entity272 ) were assessed every 3 months. Pulmonary function testing, chest radiography, echocardiography and skin biopsies were performed at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 completed 12 months of therapy. 171 adverse events (AE) with possible relation to @entity2213 were identified; 97.6% were grade 1 or 2. Twenty-four serious AE were identified, two of which were attributed to study medication. @entity272 decreased by 6.6 points or 22.4% at 12 months (p=0.001). This change was evident starting at the 6-month time point (/\=-4.5; p<0.001) and was seen in @entity1 with both early and late-stage disease. Forced vital capacity (FVC) improved by 6.4% predicted (p=0.008), and the diffusion capacity remained stable. The improvement in FVC was significantly greater in @entity1 without @entity401 . Health-related quality of life measures improved or remained stable. Blinded dermatopathological analysis confirmed a significant decrease in skin thickness and improvement in skin morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity2213 was tolerated by most @entity1 in this cohort. Although AE were common, most were mild to moderate. In this open-label experience, improvements in skin thickening and FVC were observed. Further investigation of @entity669 kinase inhibition for @entity7087 in a double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial is warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00555581.

title: @entity2213 (Gleevec) in the treatment of XXXX : results of a 1-year, phase IIa, single-arm, open-label clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['MRSS', 'Modified Rodnan skin scores']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'imatinib mesylate']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['dcSSc', 'diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity7087 :: (MESH:D045743,Disease) :: ['diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of @entity2213 in the treatment of @entity7087 ( @entity7087 ). METHODS: In this phase IIa, open-label, single-arm clinical trial, 30 @entity1 with @entity7087 were treated with @entity2213 400 mg daily. @entity1 were monitored monthly for safety assessments. @entity272 ( @entity272 ) were assessed every 3 months. Pulmonary function testing, chest radiography, echocardiography and skin biopsies were performed at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 completed 12 months of therapy. 171 adverse events (AE) with possible relation to @entity2213 were identified; 97.6% were grade 1 or 2. Twenty-four serious AE were identified, two of which were attributed to study medication. @entity272 decreased by 6.6 points or 22.4% at 12 months (p=0.001). This change was evident starting at the 6-month time point (/\=-4.5; p<0.001) and was seen in @entity1 with both early and late-stage disease. Forced vital capacity (FVC) improved by 6.4% predicted (p=0.008), and the diffusion capacity remained stable. The improvement in FVC was significantly greater in @entity1 without @entity401 . Health-related quality of life measures improved or remained stable. Blinded dermatopathological analysis confirmed a significant decrease in skin thickness and improvement in skin morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity2213 was tolerated by most @entity1 in this cohort. Although AE were common, most were mild to moderate. In this open-label experience, improvements in skin thickening and FVC were observed. Further investigation of @entity669 kinase inhibition for @entity7087 in a double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial is warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00555581.

title: XXXX (Gleevec) in the treatment of @entity7087 : results of a 1-year, phase IIa, single-arm, open-label clinical trial.

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['Imatinib mesylate']


abstract: @entity1 with advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ) can experience 'revolving door' admissions, often for parenteral diuretics, when time at home is precious. Home intravenous diuretic services are patchy. This retrospective review describes 43 consecutive episodes of continuous subcutaneous infusion of @entity1483 (CSCI-F) in 32 advanced @entity712 @entity1 ; 28 episodes aiming to correct fluid balance and prevent hospital admission and 15 aiming to prevent symptoms in the dying. Overall, 26/28 (93%) avoided hospital admission. Weight loss occurred in 20/28 (70%): a median loss of 5.6   kg [interquartile range (IQR) 0.1-8.9]). The daily dose of @entity1483 ranged from 40 to 250   mg. The median number of days on CSCI-F was 10.5 (range 2-48; IQR 6-13.8). Site reactions occurred in 10/43 (23%); all of which were mild except two, one of which required oral antibiotics. Symptoms were controlled in all 15 dying @entity1 . CSCI-F for @entity1 with advanced @entity712 is effective in terms of @entity353 and prevention of hospital admission with the @entity712 nurse specialist playing a key overall management role in selection and monitoring. As the majority of community and hospice nurses have access to and are familiar with CSCI pumps, this practice should be nationally transferable. The role in the dying @entity1 requires further assessment.

title: Is there a role for subcutaneous @entity1483 in the community and hospice management of end-stage XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity1 with advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ) can experience 'revolving door' admissions, often for parenteral diuretics, when time at home is precious. Home intravenous diuretic services are patchy. This retrospective review describes 43 consecutive episodes of continuous subcutaneous infusion of @entity1483 (CSCI-F) in 32 advanced @entity712 @entity1 ; 28 episodes aiming to correct fluid balance and prevent hospital admission and 15 aiming to prevent symptoms in the dying. Overall, 26/28 (93%) avoided hospital admission. Weight loss occurred in 20/28 (70%): a median loss of 5.6   kg [interquartile range (IQR) 0.1-8.9]). The daily dose of @entity1483 ranged from 40 to 250   mg. The median number of days on CSCI-F was 10.5 (range 2-48; IQR 6-13.8). Site reactions occurred in 10/43 (23%); all of which were mild except two, one of which required oral antibiotics. Symptoms were controlled in all 15 dying @entity1 . CSCI-F for @entity1 with advanced @entity712 is effective in terms of @entity353 and prevention of hospital admission with the @entity712 nurse specialist playing a key overall management role in selection and monitoring. As the majority of community and hospice nurses have access to and are familiar with CSCI pumps, this practice should be nationally transferable. The role in the dying @entity1 requires further assessment.

title: Is there a role for subcutaneous XXXX in the community and hospice management of end-stage @entity712 ?

answer: @entity1483 :: (MESH:D005665,Chemical) :: ['furosemide']


abstract: Xenotropic @entity19 @entity1778 -related virus (XMRV) was identified in association with @entity1 @entity263 and @entity5815 . To examine the @entity281 potential, kinetics, and tissue distribution of XMRV in an animal model, we inoculated five macaques with XMRV intravenously. XMRV established a persistent, chronic disseminated @entity281 , with low transient @entity646 and provirus in blood lymphocytes during @entity697 . Although undetectable in blood after about a month, XMRV @entity646 was reactivated at 9 months, confirming the chronicity of the @entity281 . Furthermore, XMRV Gag was detected in tissues throughout, with wide dissemination throughout the period of monitoring. Surprisingly, @entity778 showed organ-specific cell tropism, infecting @entity404 T cells in lymphoid organs including the @entity344 propria, alveolar macrophages in lung, and epithelial/interstitial cells in other organs, including the reproductive tract. Of note, in spite of the intravenous inoculation, extensive XMRV replication was noted in prostate during acute but not chronic @entity281 even though infected cells were still detectable by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in prostate at 5 and 9 months postinfection. Marked lymphocyte activation occurred immediately postinfection, but antigen-specific cellular responses were undetectable. Antibody responses were elicited and boosted upon reexposure, but titers decreased rapidly, suggesting low antigen stimulation over time. Our findings establish a nonhuman primate model to study XMRV replication/dissemination, transmission, pathogenesis, immune responses, and potential future therapies.

title: Infection, viral dissemination, and antibody responses of rhesus macaques exposed to the XXXX gammaretrovirus XMRV.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['XMRV infection']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal lamina']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Although @entity28 at the time of prostatectomy has been associated with @entity263 recurrence, it is unknown whether @entity28 before or after surgery, or weight change from the years prior to surgery to after surgery is associated with recurrence. Thus, we examined the influence of @entity28 and weight change on recurrence after prostatectomy. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1,337 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 who underwent prostatectomy performed during 1993-2006 by the same surgeon. @entity1 self-reported weight and physical activity at 5 years before and 1 year after surgery on a survey during follow-up. Mean follow-up was 7.3 years. We estimated multivariable-adjusted HRs of @entity263 recurrence comparing @entity28 at 5 years before and at 1 year after surgery with normal weight, and a gain of more than 2.2 kg from 5 years before to 1 year after surgery with stable weight. During 9,797 @entity1 years of follow-up, 102 @entity1 recurred. Compared with @entity1 who had stable weight, those whose weight increased by more than 2.2 kg had twice the recurrence risk (HR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.14-3.32) after taking into account age, pathologic stage and grade, and other characteristics. The HR of recurrence was 1.20 (95% CI, 0.64-2.23) and 1.72 (95% CI, 0.94-3.14) comparing @entity28 at 5 years before and at 1 year after surgery, respectively, with normal weight. Physical activity (>=  5 h/wk) did not attenuate risk in @entity1 who gained more than 2.2 kg. By avoiding @entity1017 , @entity1 with @entity263 may both prevent recurrence and improve overall well-being.

title: XXXX is associated with an increased risk of @entity263 recurrence after prostatectomy in the PSA era.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['Weight gain']


abstract: Although @entity28 at the time of prostatectomy has been associated with @entity263 recurrence, it is unknown whether @entity28 before or after surgery, or weight change from the years prior to surgery to after surgery is associated with recurrence. Thus, we examined the influence of @entity28 and weight change on recurrence after prostatectomy. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1,337 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 who underwent prostatectomy performed during 1993-2006 by the same surgeon. @entity1 self-reported weight and physical activity at 5 years before and 1 year after surgery on a survey during follow-up. Mean follow-up was 7.3 years. We estimated multivariable-adjusted HRs of @entity263 recurrence comparing @entity28 at 5 years before and at 1 year after surgery with normal weight, and a gain of more than 2.2 kg from 5 years before to 1 year after surgery with stable weight. During 9,797 @entity1 years of follow-up, 102 @entity1 recurred. Compared with @entity1 who had stable weight, those whose weight increased by more than 2.2 kg had twice the recurrence risk (HR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.14-3.32) after taking into account age, pathologic stage and grade, and other characteristics. The HR of recurrence was 1.20 (95% CI, 0.64-2.23) and 1.72 (95% CI, 0.94-3.14) comparing @entity28 at 5 years before and at 1 year after surgery, respectively, with normal weight. Physical activity (>=  5 h/wk) did not attenuate risk in @entity1 who gained more than 2.2 kg. By avoiding @entity1017 , @entity1 with @entity263 may both prevent recurrence and improve overall well-being.

title: @entity1017 is associated with an increased risk of XXXX recurrence after prostatectomy in the PSA era.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible correlation between maternal characteristics, in utero and early neonatal life exposures, and the development of @entity46 in adult life. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): A group of 161 @entity1 with @entity46 and a control group of 230 @entity1 undergoing laparoscopy for benign @entity20428 and free of @entity46 . INTERVENTION(S): All @entity1 included in the study were requested to answer a series of questions about their mothers' gestational data and on their own perinatal and early postnatal lives. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Odds ratio, adjusted odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between maternal characteristics during the @entity1 's pregnancy, in utero exposure to @entity532 , and the type of feeding received during the neonatal period with the development of @entity46 in adult life. RESULT(S): Mothers of @entity1 with @entity46 were significantly more likely to be affected by @entity2909 , with a higher incidence of smoking during pregnancy. @entity1 with @entity46 were more frequently born prematurely, with a significantly lower birth weight, and their mothers experienced @entity1468 during their pregnancies more often than control subjects. They were also more frequently formula fed than breast fed in early life. However, only @entity3465 and formula feeding were retained in the multivariate analysis model. CONCLUSION(S): Among intrauterine and early neonatal exposures, @entity3465 and formula feeding were risk factors for the development of @entity46 in adult life. Further studies should evaluate the underlying biologic mechanisms.

title: Potential influence of in utero and early neonatal exposures on the later development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['obstetrical and perinatal complications']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity20428 :: ('MESH:D000291', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal diseases']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis or uterine fibroids']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pressure @entity1066 are debilitating wounds that arise frequently in @entity1 who have lost mobility. Mechanical stress, oxidative stress and @entity63 -reperfusion injury are potential sources of damage during pressure @entity1066 formation, but cross-talk between these sources has rarely been investigated. In vitro experiments with mechanically-induced cell damage previously demonstrated that non-lethal amounts of static cell deformation could induce myoblast membrane permeabilization. Permeabilization, in turn, has the potential to induce oxidative stress via leakage of @entity460 , @entity5632 or alarmins. In this work, we constructed a hypothetical causal network of cellular-scale effects resulting from deformation and permeabilization, and we investigated the theoretical sensitivity of cell death toward various parameters and pathways of the model. Simulations showed that the survival/death outcome was particularly sensitive to the speed of membrane repair. The outcome was also sensitive to whether oxidative stress could decrease the speed of membrane repair. Finally, using the assumption that apoptosis and @entity39 would have opposite effects on membrane leakage in dying cells, we showed that promoting apoptosis might under certain conditions have the paradoxical effect of decreasing, rather than increasing, total cell death. Our work illustrates that apoptosis may have hidden benefits at preventing spatial spread of death. More broadly, our work shows the importance of membrane repair dynamics and highlights the need for experiments to measure the effects of @entity63 , apoptosis induction, and other co-occurring sources of cell stress toward the speed of membrane repair.

title: Membrane permeability during pressure XXXX formation: A computational model of dynamic competition between cytoskeletal damage and repair.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Temporal hollowing occurs frequently following surgical correction of unicoronal @entity8213 . This is characterized by a @entity308 in the posterolateral orbitotemporal region. Both soft-tissue and bony causes have been postulated to underpin this problem. The authors investigated the soft-tissue and bony morphology of the temporal region in surgically treated unicoronal @entity8213 @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of adolescent @entity1 with temporal hollowing who underwent unicoronal @entity8213 repair as @entity1 was carried out. Demographic data and computed tomographic craniometric parameters were obtained and analyzed using the t test. Photographs were graded subjectively and compared with quantitative data. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (seven @entity1 and eight @entity1 ; mean age, 13 years) were identified. Seventeen @entity1 (10 @entity1 and seven @entity1 ; mean age, 14 years) were used as controls. The affected side showed temporal constriction, compared with controls, along the supraorbit and anterior temple. The sella-to-pterion distance was also less, but not statistically so. Soft-tissue analysis revealed decreased thickness of the affected temporalis muscle compared with unaffected and control sides (range, 1 to 3 mm less). The affected fat pad width was not statistically different from unaffected and controls. Subjective clinical grading did not demonstrate statistical correlations with quantitative data. CONCLUSIONS: Temporal hollowing occurs following surgical correction of unicoronal @entity8213 , despite original overcorrection, because of bony constriction along the anterior bandeau. Decreased thickness of the temporalis muscle may also contribute to this @entity308 , whereas the superficial fat pad does not play a role. Subjective clinical scoring does not strictly correlate with severity of craniometric measurements. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.(Figure is included in full-text article.).

title: Temporal hollowing following surgical correction of unicoronal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity8213 :: (MESH:D013580,Disease) :: ['synostosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated that immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy is associated with improvements in quality of life and body image. However, immediate breast reconstruction for @entity0 remains controversial. This study evaluates its safety in @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: Over a 10-year period, @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 treated with mastectomy followed by immediate breast reconstruction were identified and analyzed. Complication rates and reconstructive aesthetics were determined. RESULTS: One hundred seventy @entity1 were identified who underwent 157 unilateral and 13 bilateral reconstructions (183 flaps) predominantly by means of free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps (n = 162). The average age was 47 years and the average hospital stay was 5.1 days. There were 15 major complications (8.8 percent), but adjuvant postoperative therapy was delayed in only eight @entity1 (4.7 percent), with the maximum delay lasting 3 weeks in one @entity1 . Although some degree of flap shrinkage was noted in 30 percent of @entity1 treated with postoperative radiotherapy, only 10 percent of @entity1 experienced severe breast distortion. Importantly, the overall cosmetic outcome in @entity1 who underwent postoperative irradiation was comparable to that of those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: The authors have shown that immediate breast reconstruction in the setting of @entity0 is safe and well tolerated by @entity1 , and is not associated with significant delays in adjuvant therapy. These findings make a strong argument for immediate reconstruction regardless of @entity5 stage. The authors found the changes caused by radiation to the reconstructed breast to be less significant than previously reported and readily addressed to complete an ultimate reconstruction that is aesthetically acceptable to both surgeon and @entity1 . CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.(Figure is included in full-text article.).

title: Immediate free flap reconstruction for XXXX : is it safe?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage IIB or greater breast cancer', 'advanced-stage breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced-stage breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ) and @entity1561 are characterized by massive lipid accumulation in the liver accompanied by @entity32 , @entity82 , @entity82 , and @entity157 in a substantial subgroup of @entity1 . At several stages in these diseases, mediators of the immune system, such as cytokines or inflammasomes, are crucially involved. In @entity5881 , chronic @entity1068 exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharides through Toll-like receptors, e.g., @entity1990 . This sensitization enhances the production of various proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 ( @entity5003 ) and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, thereby contributing to @entity409 , @entity39 , and apoptosis and the generation of extracellular matrix proteins leading to @entity82 / @entity82 . Indeed, neutralization of @entity5003 by @entity5003 receptor antagonist has recently been shown to potently prevent @entity99 in @entity19 models of @entity5881 . As @entity5003 is clearly linked to key clinical symptoms of @entity99 such as @entity221 , @entity4795 , and wasting, interfering with the @entity5003 pathway might be an attractive treatment strategy in the future. An important role for @entity5003 -type cytokines and certain inflammasomes has also been demonstrated in @entity19 models of @entity1561 . @entity5003 -type cytokines can regulate @entity1560 ; the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome is critically involved in @entity209 . CONCLUSION: @entity5003 cytokine family members and various inflammasomes mediate different aspects of both @entity5881 and @entity1561 . (Hepatology 2016;64:955-965).

title: Interleukin-1 and inflammasomes in @entity5881 and XXXX / @entity1561 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute alcoholic hepatitis', 'liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocyte dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ) and @entity1561 are characterized by massive lipid accumulation in the liver accompanied by @entity32 , @entity82 , @entity82 , and @entity157 in a substantial subgroup of @entity1 . At several stages in these diseases, mediators of the immune system, such as cytokines or inflammasomes, are crucially involved. In @entity5881 , chronic @entity1068 exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharides through Toll-like receptors, e.g., @entity1990 . This sensitization enhances the production of various proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 ( @entity5003 ) and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, thereby contributing to @entity409 , @entity39 , and apoptosis and the generation of extracellular matrix proteins leading to @entity82 / @entity82 . Indeed, neutralization of @entity5003 by @entity5003 receptor antagonist has recently been shown to potently prevent @entity99 in @entity19 models of @entity5881 . As @entity5003 is clearly linked to key clinical symptoms of @entity99 such as @entity221 , @entity4795 , and wasting, interfering with the @entity5003 pathway might be an attractive treatment strategy in the future. An important role for @entity5003 -type cytokines and certain inflammasomes has also been demonstrated in @entity19 models of @entity1561 . @entity5003 -type cytokines can regulate @entity1560 ; the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome is critically involved in @entity209 . CONCLUSION: @entity5003 cytokine family members and various inflammasomes mediate different aspects of both @entity5881 and @entity1561 . (Hepatology 2016;64:955-965).

title: Interleukin-1 and inflammasomes in @entity5881 and @entity1561 / XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ) and @entity1561 are characterized by massive lipid accumulation in the liver accompanied by @entity32 , @entity82 , @entity82 , and @entity157 in a substantial subgroup of @entity1 . At several stages in these diseases, mediators of the immune system, such as cytokines or inflammasomes, are crucially involved. In @entity5881 , chronic @entity1068 exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharides through Toll-like receptors, e.g., @entity1990 . This sensitization enhances the production of various proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 ( @entity5003 ) and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, thereby contributing to @entity409 , @entity39 , and apoptosis and the generation of extracellular matrix proteins leading to @entity82 / @entity82 . Indeed, neutralization of @entity5003 by @entity5003 receptor antagonist has recently been shown to potently prevent @entity99 in @entity19 models of @entity5881 . As @entity5003 is clearly linked to key clinical symptoms of @entity99 such as @entity221 , @entity4795 , and wasting, interfering with the @entity5003 pathway might be an attractive treatment strategy in the future. An important role for @entity5003 -type cytokines and certain inflammasomes has also been demonstrated in @entity19 models of @entity1561 . @entity5003 -type cytokines can regulate @entity1560 ; the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome is critically involved in @entity209 . CONCLUSION: @entity5003 cytokine family members and various inflammasomes mediate different aspects of both @entity5881 and @entity1561 . (Hepatology 2016;64:955-965).

title: Interleukin-1 and inflammasomes in XXXX and @entity1561 / @entity1561 .

answer: @entity5881 :: (MESH:D008108,Disease) :: ['alcoholic liver disease/acute alcoholic hepatitis']


abstract: CXCL chemokines display important roles in @entity463 ( @entity463 ) biology, including cell proliferation, @entity204 and migration features. While @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) represents the standard chemotherapeutic used to treat @entity463 @entity1 , its role in CXCL networking in GBMs remains unexplored. The effects of short-term and long-term in  vitro treatment with @entity2903 on CXCL chemokine expression were characterized in @entity1 @entity11 cell lines. U373 and T98G @entity816 and @entity1 @entity3271 cells were cultured for months in the presence of increasing concentrations of @entity2904 (up to 1 mM), and their whole genome profiles were analyzed along with a complete mapping of all CXCL chemokines and their respective receptor mRNAs. The study was extended to an additional established cell line and four primocultures. The in vitro results were compared with a clinical series of 156 @entity1 @entity11 and 23 normal brain tissue samples. The expression and secretion of @entity10149 , @entity10150 and @entity687 following different @entity2904 treatments were determined in @entity1 , U373 and T98G @entity11 cells. The long-term @entity2904 -treated @entity816 cells, but not the @entity1 @entity3271 cells, developed in vivo a certain level of resistance to @entity2904 , which correlated with the up- regulation of @entity10149 , @entity10150 and @entity687 expression in the U373 and T98G @entity816 cells. The transient down-regulation of @entity10149 in @entity1 @entity11 cells using siRNA markedly impaired their proliferation rate. In conclusion, @entity2904 affects the expression and secretion of @entity10149 (and, to a lesser extent, @entity10150 and @entity687 ) in @entity11 cells, and @entity10149 directly impacts @entity11 cell biology.

title: XXXX -induced modification of the CXC chemokine network in experimental @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astroglioma']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['Temozolomide']


abstract: CXCL chemokines display important roles in @entity463 ( @entity463 ) biology, including cell proliferation, @entity204 and migration features. While @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) represents the standard chemotherapeutic used to treat @entity463 @entity1 , its role in CXCL networking in GBMs remains unexplored. The effects of short-term and long-term in  vitro treatment with @entity2903 on CXCL chemokine expression were characterized in @entity1 @entity11 cell lines. U373 and T98G @entity816 and @entity1 @entity3271 cells were cultured for months in the presence of increasing concentrations of @entity2904 (up to 1 mM), and their whole genome profiles were analyzed along with a complete mapping of all CXCL chemokines and their respective receptor mRNAs. The study was extended to an additional established cell line and four primocultures. The in vitro results were compared with a clinical series of 156 @entity1 @entity11 and 23 normal brain tissue samples. The expression and secretion of @entity10149 , @entity10150 and @entity687 following different @entity2904 treatments were determined in @entity1 , U373 and T98G @entity11 cells. The long-term @entity2904 -treated @entity816 cells, but not the @entity1 @entity3271 cells, developed in vivo a certain level of resistance to @entity2904 , which correlated with the up- regulation of @entity10149 , @entity10150 and @entity687 expression in the U373 and T98G @entity816 cells. The transient down-regulation of @entity10149 in @entity1 @entity11 cells using siRNA markedly impaired their proliferation rate. In conclusion, @entity2904 affects the expression and secretion of @entity10149 (and, to a lesser extent, @entity10150 and @entity687 ) in @entity11 cells, and @entity10149 directly impacts @entity11 cell biology.

title: @entity2903 -induced modification of the CXC chemokine network in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The results of recent studies have suggested that high-grade serous @entity43  predominantly arises within the fallopian tubes. The @entity43 ( @entity43 ) risk in @entity1 with a history of @entity1621 ( @entity1621 ) has been reported. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the impact of @entity1621 in preventing @entity43 in the general population. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases and CENTRAL in the Cochrane Library for all English-language articles published up to January 2015, using the key @entity43 ' and ' @entity1621 .' Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by standard meta-analysis techniques. RESULTS: Of the 77 studies retrieved, three were included in this meta-analysis, including one cohort study and two population-based case-control studies with 3509 @entity1 who underwent @entity1621 and 5,655,702 controls who did not undergo salpingectomy. Over the combined study period, 29 of the 3509 @entity1621 @entity1 developed @entity43 compared with 44,006 of the 5,655,702 without salpingectomy. The meta-analysis results based on the fixed effects model revealed a significant decrease in the risk of @entity43 occurrence in the @entity1 who underwent @entity1621 relative to the controls (OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.35-0.75, I(2)=0%). This pattern was also observed in subgroup analysis for the study type. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity5274 is an effective measure to reduce @entity43 risk in the general population. Therefore, prophylactic @entity1621 should be considered for @entity1 who require hysterectomy with benign indications or sterilisation procedures.

title: Bilateral salpingectomy can reduce the risk of XXXX in the general population: A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['OC', 'ovarian cancer', "words 'ovarian cancer", 'reduction of ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the fallopian tubes']

entities_list: @entity1621 :: ('MESH:C563492', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral salpingectomy', 'BS']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the hand is a common disease resulting in @entity158 and impaired function. The pathogenesis of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is elusive and models to study it have not been described. Chondrocyte culture has been essential to understand @entity528 , which is a hallmark of @entity571 . We investigated the feasibility of @entity1 chondrocyte culture derived from proximal interphalangeal (PIP) finger joints. Hyaline cartilage of the PIP and knee joints was obtained from @entity1 cadavers. Chondrocytes harvested up to 236 hours after death of the donors were viable and expressed chondrocyte-specific genes. Gene expression comparing chondrocytes from PIP and knee joints using Affymetrix GeneChip arrays resulted in a unique PIP-specific gene expression pattern. Genes involved in developmental processes including the WNT pathway were differentially expressed between the joints. These findings suggest that our knowledge on chondrocyte biology derived mainly from knee and @entity572 may not apply to chondrocytes of the PIP joints and some of the distinctive features of @entity571 may be caused by the specific properties of PIP chondrocytes. Chondrocyte culture of PIP cartilage is a novel tool to study @entity528 in @entity571 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Chondrocyte cultures from XXXX proximal interphalangeal finger joints.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis', 'HOA', 'hand OA']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joints']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 are grouped into grades 1 to 4 on the basis of morphologic criteria. Grade is the most significant prognostic factor determining survival, but various proliferation markers are being increasingly employed by histopathologists as adjuncts to conventional morphologic variables to determine prognostic behavior of @entity1313 . The most widely used and useful of these are @entity1758 (Ki67) and @entity876 . OBJECTIVE: To correlate World Health Organization (WHO) grades of @entity66 and expression of @entity1758 and @entity876 by these @entity5 with @entity1 survival at the end of one year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 consecutive cases with confirmed diagnosis of various histologic types of @entity66 were included. Grading was done according to the WHO grading system for CNS @entity5 . Immunohistochemical staining of @entity876 and @entity1758 (Ki67) was performed and scores were calculated. RESULTS: A significant correlation was shown between WHO histologic grade and @entity1 survival (p value:0.004) and a marginal correlation was seen between @entity1758 score and @entity1 survival (p value: 0.233). CONCLUSION: Histologic grade is the most important prognostic factor with respect to @entity1 survival in @entity66 . Immunohistochemical staining with @entity1758 and @entity876 may serve as an additional useful toolin determining the clinical course in combination with and as an adjunct to @entity5 grade. However, the fact that follow-up was available in only twenty out of the fifty cases is a limitation of the present study.

title: @entity11 : correlation of histologic grade, Ki67 and XXXX expression with @entity1 survival.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Gliomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 are grouped into grades 1 to 4 on the basis of morphologic criteria. Grade is the most significant prognostic factor determining survival, but various proliferation markers are being increasingly employed by histopathologists as adjuncts to conventional morphologic variables to determine prognostic behavior of @entity1313 . The most widely used and useful of these are @entity1758 (Ki67) and @entity876 . OBJECTIVE: To correlate World Health Organization (WHO) grades of @entity66 and expression of @entity1758 and @entity876 by these @entity5 with @entity1 survival at the end of one year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 consecutive cases with confirmed diagnosis of various histologic types of @entity66 were included. Grading was done according to the WHO grading system for CNS @entity5 . Immunohistochemical staining of @entity876 and @entity1758 (Ki67) was performed and scores were calculated. RESULTS: A significant correlation was shown between WHO histologic grade and @entity1 survival (p value:0.004) and a marginal correlation was seen between @entity1758 score and @entity1 survival (p value: 0.233). CONCLUSION: Histologic grade is the most important prognostic factor with respect to @entity1 survival in @entity66 . Immunohistochemical staining with @entity1758 and @entity876 may serve as an additional useful toolin determining the clinical course in combination with and as an adjunct to @entity5 grade. However, the fact that follow-up was available in only twenty out of the fifty cases is a limitation of the present study.

title: XXXX : correlation of histologic grade, Ki67 and @entity876 expression with @entity1 survival.

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 are grouped into grades 1 to 4 on the basis of morphologic criteria. Grade is the most significant prognostic factor determining survival, but various proliferation markers are being increasingly employed by histopathologists as adjuncts to conventional morphologic variables to determine prognostic behavior of @entity1313 . The most widely used and useful of these are @entity1758 (Ki67) and @entity876 . OBJECTIVE: To correlate World Health Organization (WHO) grades of @entity66 and expression of @entity1758 and @entity876 by these @entity5 with @entity1 survival at the end of one year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 consecutive cases with confirmed diagnosis of various histologic types of @entity66 were included. Grading was done according to the WHO grading system for CNS @entity5 . Immunohistochemical staining of @entity876 and @entity1758 (Ki67) was performed and scores were calculated. RESULTS: A significant correlation was shown between WHO histologic grade and @entity1 survival (p value:0.004) and a marginal correlation was seen between @entity1758 score and @entity1 survival (p value: 0.233). CONCLUSION: Histologic grade is the most important prognostic factor with respect to @entity1 survival in @entity66 . Immunohistochemical staining with @entity1758 and @entity876 may serve as an additional useful toolin determining the clinical course in combination with and as an adjunct to @entity5 grade. However, the fact that follow-up was available in only twenty out of the fifty cases is a limitation of the present study.

title: @entity11 : correlation of histologic grade, Ki67 and @entity876 expression with XXXX survival.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The objectives of this study were to assess the level of knowledge on HPV and HPV vaccination, and to determine vaccination attitude among Ege university students in Izmir, @entity233 . A cross-sectional survey was conducted in first-year English preparatory class. Systematic cluster sampling was applied and 717 (72.6%) of students registered to the 54 classes in 17 different faculties/schools were contacted. Data were collected between April 30 and May 18, 2010, through a self-reported questionnaire including 40 questions. A knowledge score was calculated by summing up the number of correct answers given to the 12 knowledge questions. Analyses were done using t-test, chi-square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The mean age of @entity1 was 19.7  1.5 and 445 (62.1%) were female. Overall, 132 (18.9%) had experienced sexual intercourse, but only 7 of them were female. Among @entity1 , 24.1% had heard of HPV and 25.1% about HPV vaccine. The knowledge item with the highest correct answer rate (32.3%) was that HPV caused cervical @entity5 . The mean total knowledge score was remarkably poor (1.8  2.6 over 12 items), with 59.6% of respondents having zero as their score. There was no difference in mean knowledge scores between males and females. Higher income, history of sexual intercourse and higher knowledge score were significant factors increasing HPV and vaccine awareness for the whole group, adjusted for gender. @entity5 history in the family significantly increased awareness, but only among @entity1 . Only three students (0.4%) had already been vaccinated, all being female. Among females, 11.6% intended to be vaccinated vs. 10.1% for males, without any significant difference. Visiting a gynaecologist/urologist in the last three years, a history of @entity5 in the family, vaccine awareness, a higher total knowledge score, and being from the East of @entity233 were significant predictors of a positive vaccination attitude. HPVvaccination still remains as a 'hot medical topic' in @entity233 , since it hasn't yet become a popular health issue. Based on their age of first intercourse, first year at the university seems to be appropriate timing to inform Turkish @entity1 , whereas it is a bit late for @entity1 . Thus, integration of HPV education into secondary/high school curricula should be considered.

title: HPV vaccine awareness and willingness of first-year students entering university in Western XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Genital cancer', 'cancer', 'genital cancer']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: The literature provides scant data concerning infectious complications and their effect on the outcome of @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) treated with new drug combinations. Despite no substantial myelotoxic effect, @entity2816 increases the risk of severe @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity1582 . We studied 202 @entity1 who received regimens containing @entity2816 in order to assess the time, type, outcome, and factors affecting development of severe @entity281 , role of antibiotic prophylaxis, and effect of severe @entity281 on final outcome. Thirty-eight @entity1 (19%) developed a severe @entity281 early during induction therapy and most @entity281 were @entity55 . Only one @entity1 died due to @entity326 during @entity1398 . No significant differences were reported in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between @entity1 developing a severe @entity281 and those who did not. Multivariate analysis determined a monoclonal component >3 g/dL and platelets <130,000/ L as factors associated with increased risk of severe @entity281 . Primary antibiotic prophylaxis significantly decreased the probability of severe @entity281 only in @entity1 having both the above risk factors. @entity1 with @entity1582 receiving @entity2816 combinations with high @entity5 burden are at high risk of developing severe @entity281 and require primary antibiotic prophylaxis, whereas in other @entity1 it is questionable. However, @entity1 final outcome was not affected by @entity281 development.

title: Infectious complications in @entity1 with @entity1582 treated with new drug combinations containing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['thalidomide']


abstract: The literature provides scant data concerning infectious complications and their effect on the outcome of @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) treated with new drug combinations. Despite no substantial myelotoxic effect, @entity2816 increases the risk of severe @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity1582 . We studied 202 @entity1 who received regimens containing @entity2816 in order to assess the time, type, outcome, and factors affecting development of severe @entity281 , role of antibiotic prophylaxis, and effect of severe @entity281 on final outcome. Thirty-eight @entity1 (19%) developed a severe @entity281 early during induction therapy and most @entity281 were @entity55 . Only one @entity1 died due to @entity326 during @entity1398 . No significant differences were reported in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between @entity1 developing a severe @entity281 and those who did not. Multivariate analysis determined a monoclonal component >3 g/dL and platelets <130,000/ L as factors associated with increased risk of severe @entity281 . Primary antibiotic prophylaxis significantly decreased the probability of severe @entity281 only in @entity1 having both the above risk factors. @entity1 with @entity1582 receiving @entity2816 combinations with high @entity5 burden are at high risk of developing severe @entity281 and require primary antibiotic prophylaxis, whereas in other @entity1 it is questionable. However, @entity1 final outcome was not affected by @entity281 development.

title: Infectious complications in @entity1 with XXXX treated with new drug combinations containing @entity2816 .

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']