abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mutations in @entity3492 are the most common cause of @entity6363 , ranging from mild to profound. Mutation analysis of this gene is widely available as a genetic diagnostic test. OBJECTIVE: To assess a possible genotype-phenotype correlation for @entity3492 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of audiometric data from @entity1 with @entity393 , segregating two @entity3492 mutations. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and seventy seven unrelated @entity1 with @entity393 who were seen at the ENT departments of local and university hospitals from Italy, Belgium, Spain, and the United States, and who harboured bi-allelic @entity3492 mutations. RESULTS: We found that @entity4701 homozygotes have significantly more @entity393 , compared with @entity4701 /non @entity65364 compound heterozygotes. @entity1 with two non @entity65364 mutations have even less @entity393 . We observed a similar gradient of @entity393 when we categorised mutations as inactivating (that is, stop mutations or frame shifts) or non-inactivating (that is, missense mutations). We demonstrated that certain mutation combinations (including the combination of @entity4701 with the missense mutations @entity27158 , @entity4705 , or the splice-site mutation @entity65368 , and the @entity4705 / @entity4705 genotype) are associated with significantly less @entity393 compared with @entity4701 homozygous genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first large systematic analysis indicating that the @entity3492 genotype has a major impact on the degree of @entity393 , and identifying mild genotypes. Furthermore, this study shows that it will be possible to refine this correlation and extend it to additional genotypes. These data will be useful in evaluating habilitation options for @entity1 with @entity3492 related @entity2319 .

title: A genotype-phenotype correlation for @entity3492 ( XXXX ) @entity2319 .

answer: @entity3492 :: (2706,Gene) :: ['connexin 26']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mutations in @entity3492 are the most common cause of @entity6363 , ranging from mild to profound. Mutation analysis of this gene is widely available as a genetic diagnostic test. OBJECTIVE: To assess a possible genotype-phenotype correlation for @entity3492 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of audiometric data from @entity1 with @entity393 , segregating two @entity3492 mutations. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and seventy seven unrelated @entity1 with @entity393 who were seen at the ENT departments of local and university hospitals from Italy, Belgium, Spain, and the United States, and who harboured bi-allelic @entity3492 mutations. RESULTS: We found that @entity4701 homozygotes have significantly more @entity393 , compared with @entity4701 /non @entity65364 compound heterozygotes. @entity1 with two non @entity65364 mutations have even less @entity393 . We observed a similar gradient of @entity393 when we categorised mutations as inactivating (that is, stop mutations or frame shifts) or non-inactivating (that is, missense mutations). We demonstrated that certain mutation combinations (including the combination of @entity4701 with the missense mutations @entity27158 , @entity4705 , or the splice-site mutation @entity65368 , and the @entity4705 / @entity4705 genotype) are associated with significantly less @entity393 compared with @entity4701 homozygous genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first large systematic analysis indicating that the @entity3492 genotype has a major impact on the degree of @entity393 , and identifying mild genotypes. Furthermore, this study shows that it will be possible to refine this correlation and extend it to additional genotypes. These data will be useful in evaluating habilitation options for @entity1 with @entity3492 related @entity2319 .

title: A genotype-phenotype correlation for @entity3492 ( @entity3492 ) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity4705 :: ('p|SUB|V|37|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V37I']

entities_list: @entity6363 :: ('MESH:C537845', 'Disease') :: ['non-syndromic autosomal recessive hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity27158 :: ('p|SUB|L|90|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L90P']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['deafness']


abstract: A 78-year-old @entity1 with complaints of @entity1277 and @entity353 visited our hospital in November 2006. Positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) showed swollen lymph nodes in the abdominal para-aorta, @entity6830 and neck, with intense FDG accumulation. The pathological findings of the cervical lymph nodes revealed @entity5 . We diagnosed extensive @entity151 ( @entity151 ), which occurred primarily in the left upper lobe. As subsequent CT revealed spontaneous shrinkage of the pulmonary nodule and swollen lymph nodes, the clinical course was monitored without anticancer therapy. In February 2007, progressive @entity425 of the lower extremities developed. In July he was admitted with @entity1576 and required mechanical ventilation. Although we did not administer anticancer therapy due to his poor performance status, he survived for 30 months receiving mechanical ventilation, and the @entity5 continued to grow moderately. We diagnosed @entity7235 ( @entity7235 ) based on the clinical symptoms, the presence of anti-VGCC antibodies and waxing phenomenon on electromyography obtained in April 2009. Chemotherapy with @entity12418 shrank the @entity5 , but his @entity425 did not improve. Previous reports showed that a prognosis of @entity151 with @entity7235 was better than that without @entity7235 . In this case, the @entity5 showed spontaneous regression without any anticancer therapy, and then increased moderately. The immune response was considered to have affected @entity5 growth.

title: [Long-term survival case of XXXX with @entity7235 without anticancer therapy].

entities_list: @entity12418 :: ('MESH:C055866', 'Chemical') :: ['amrubicin']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'small-cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity7235 :: ('MESH:D015624', 'Disease') :: ['Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome', 'LEMS']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer', 'SCLC']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: A 78-year-old @entity1 with complaints of @entity1277 and @entity353 visited our hospital in November 2006. Positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) showed swollen lymph nodes in the abdominal para-aorta, @entity6830 and neck, with intense FDG accumulation. The pathological findings of the cervical lymph nodes revealed @entity5 . We diagnosed extensive @entity151 ( @entity151 ), which occurred primarily in the left upper lobe. As subsequent CT revealed spontaneous shrinkage of the pulmonary nodule and swollen lymph nodes, the clinical course was monitored without anticancer therapy. In February 2007, progressive @entity425 of the lower extremities developed. In July he was admitted with @entity1576 and required mechanical ventilation. Although we did not administer anticancer therapy due to his poor performance status, he survived for 30 months receiving mechanical ventilation, and the @entity5 continued to grow moderately. We diagnosed @entity7235 ( @entity7235 ) based on the clinical symptoms, the presence of anti-VGCC antibodies and waxing phenomenon on electromyography obtained in April 2009. Chemotherapy with @entity12418 shrank the @entity5 , but his @entity425 did not improve. Previous reports showed that a prognosis of @entity151 with @entity7235 was better than that without @entity7235 . In this case, the @entity5 showed spontaneous regression without any anticancer therapy, and then increased moderately. The immune response was considered to have affected @entity5 growth.

title: [Long-term survival case of @entity151 with XXXX without anticancer therapy].

answer: @entity7235 :: (MESH:D015624,Disease) :: ['Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic deroofing is the standard therapy for simple nonparasitic @entity96 . The operation is performed with or without a greater omentum flap sutured into the former cyst cavity. The aim of this study was to determine whether a greater omentum flap has influence on the recurrence rate of nonparasitic @entity96 during the long-term follow-up. METHODS: From September 1999 to November 2009, 23 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic deroofing for single or multiple nonparasitic symptomatic @entity96 . A greater omentum flap to fill the former cyst cavity was used in 8 @entity1 , whereas in 15 @entity1 operation was carried out without such an omentum flap. The @entity1 were identified retrospectively and subject to a follow-up examination. The 2 groups of @entity1 were compared according to the recurrence of the @entity96 . RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 59  40 months. There was an overall recurrence rate of 4.3% (1 of 23), with 1 cyst recurrence in the greater omentum flap group (1 of 8). The Fisher exact test showed no difference in the recurrence rate between the 2 groups (P=0.35). CONCLUSION: The overall recurrence rate is low. A greater omentum flap to prevent a local cyst recurrence after laparoscopic deroofing is dispensable and is a potential source of additional complications.

title: Laparoscopic deroofing of nonparasitic XXXX with or without greater omentum flap.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cysts']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cysts']


abstract: The introduction of new techniques has enabled more @entity1 with low @entity189 to undergo sphincter-saving resection (SSR). This policy, however, has provoked controversy concerning the adequacy of excision and fear of increased rates of recurrence compared with abdominoperineal resection (APER). We have therefore compared our results of SSR for low and @entity5 performed between 1978 and mid 1982 with those obtained with APER before this period. One hundred and fifty-nine @entity1 presented with @entity5 between 3 and 12 cm from the anal verge; 153 (96 per cent) underwent resection, of whom 46 (30 per cent) had disseminated disease. One hundred (68 per cent) underwent SSR, 33 (22 per cent) had an APER and 16 (10 per cent) had a local procedure. Operative mortality was 4 per cent following APER and 7 per cent after SSR (n.s.). @entity1 were followed for a mean of 4.6 years (range 2-6 years), only four (2.5 per cent) being lost to follow-up. The incidence of recurrence after radical SSR (n = 74) was compared with the historical control group which underwent radical APER, the two groups being matched for Dukes' stage and height of the lesion. After 2 years, local recurrence cumulative rates were 13.6 per cent after SSR and 18.8 per cent after APER. Distant recurrence rates were 14.5 and 20 per cent respectively. Ten @entity1 (13.5 per cent) died of their disease within 2 years of a radical SSR, 15 (15 per cent) after radical APER. Corrected 5-year survival and recurrence rates were similar. Thus, SSR does not appear to carry an increased risk of recurrent disease compared with APER after an equivalent follow-up period.

title: The outcome following sphincter-saving resection and abdominoperineal resection for low XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'mid-rectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity101 ( @entity101 ) is frequently associated with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and its prevalence doubles in diabetics compared to the general population. This high prevalence is associated with increased stiffness of large arteries, which often precedes macrovascular events. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of @entity6 on @entity2333 in @entity1 with one disease or the other compared to those with both @entity6 . We studied 220 @entity1 , 50 with type II @entity6 (Group A), 50 with @entity101 (Group B), 85 with both diseases (Group C), and 35 healthy subjects (HS). Regional arterial stiffness was assessed by automatic measurement of the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ). For each @entity1 , we evaluated: age, sex, body mass index, smoking habit, heart rate, @entity13519 / @entity13520 , pulse pressure (PP), mean BP, fasting @entity413 , lipid profile, @entity414 , and @entity2002 . Group C had significantly more @entity1 and non smokers and the highest PP (61+/-14 mmHg). Of biochemical parameters, only @entity2002 was higher in Group A and in Group C (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). Group C had a significantly higher @entity122 than the other four groups (P<0.0001). Stepwise forward regression analysis showed that fasting @entity413 was the first independent determinant of @entity122 (P<0.0001). In conclusion, this study shows that @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity101 have higher arterial stiffness compared to HS and those with one disease or the other. Fasting @entity413 is the major independent determinant of @entity122 , which may be used as a relevant tool to assess the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on arterial stiffness in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Effects of coexisting XXXX and @entity6 on arterial stiffness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM', 'HT and type II DM']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity101 ( @entity101 ) is frequently associated with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and its prevalence doubles in diabetics compared to the general population. This high prevalence is associated with increased stiffness of large arteries, which often precedes macrovascular events. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of @entity6 on @entity2333 in @entity1 with one disease or the other compared to those with both @entity6 . We studied 220 @entity1 , 50 with type II @entity6 (Group A), 50 with @entity101 (Group B), 85 with both diseases (Group C), and 35 healthy subjects (HS). Regional arterial stiffness was assessed by automatic measurement of the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ). For each @entity1 , we evaluated: age, sex, body mass index, smoking habit, heart rate, @entity13519 / @entity13520 , pulse pressure (PP), mean BP, fasting @entity413 , lipid profile, @entity414 , and @entity2002 . Group C had significantly more @entity1 and non smokers and the highest PP (61+/-14 mmHg). Of biochemical parameters, only @entity2002 was higher in Group A and in Group C (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). Group C had a significantly higher @entity122 than the other four groups (P<0.0001). Stepwise forward regression analysis showed that fasting @entity413 was the first independent determinant of @entity122 (P<0.0001). In conclusion, this study shows that @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity101 have higher arterial stiffness compared to HS and those with one disease or the other. Fasting @entity413 is the major independent determinant of @entity122 , which may be used as a relevant tool to assess the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on arterial stiffness in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Effects of coexisting @entity101 and XXXX on arterial stiffness.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type II diabetes mellitus']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to validate the prevalence of low @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 @entity1 with @entity1635 and to relate that to surgical treatment outcome. Despite reports of the high prevalence of low @entity79 among female with adolescent idiopathic, these findings have not been substantiated in any comprehensive review of @entity1635 @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: It has been suggested that @entity1635 may predispose to @entity170 and that degenerative @entity1635 could falsely elevate spinal @entity79 measurements with dual energy radiograph absorptiometry (DXA). The discordance between hip and spine @entity79 measurement using DXA has also been shown in previous cross-sectional study for adult population. METHODS: A retrospective review of 176 @entity1 treated surgically for @entity1635 . @entity79 of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were determined by DXA. @entity1 were categorized as follows: concordance ( @entity170 , @entity2331 , or normal @entity79 on both sites), minor discordance ( @entity170 in one site and @entity2331 in the other site), and major discordance ( @entity170 in one site and normal the other site). Body mass index (BMI), preoperative Cobb angle, fusion ratio, and complication were recorded. Statistical analysis included the Student t test,   (2) test, regression coefficient test, and simple linear regression. P value was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age was 51    12 years (26-82 years). The mean T score of the hip was -1.23    0.89 and of the spine was -0.52    1.57. Major discordance in @entity79 7 (4%) points, minor discordance 68 (39%) points, and concordance was 101 (57%) points. There was moderate correlation between T score of hip and spine (R = 0.55P < 0.01). T score of the hip and of the spine showed 10.8% and 10.2% of the @entity1 were @entity3604 . The mean Z score of the hip and of the spine showed comparable age and sex matched values. No correlation was observed between @entity79 and Cobb angle (R = 0.05, P = 0.464). The fusion rate was 93% and surgical complication rate was 14.9%. No significant correlation was observed between @entity79 and fusion (P = 0.80) complication (P = 0.13). CONCLUSION: Comparable bone density exists among @entity1635 @entity1 with no correlation between @entity79 and curve magnitude, fusion and complication rates. The difference in @entity79 of the hip and of spine cannot be fully explained in the review. These results will guide in surgical planning, @entity1 selection on the treatment options.

title: Characterization of XXXX / @entity170 in @entity1635 : does bone density affect surgical outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'adult scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity2331 :: (MESH:D001851,Disease) :: ['osteopenia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to validate the prevalence of low @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 @entity1 with @entity1635 and to relate that to surgical treatment outcome. Despite reports of the high prevalence of low @entity79 among female with adolescent idiopathic, these findings have not been substantiated in any comprehensive review of @entity1635 @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: It has been suggested that @entity1635 may predispose to @entity170 and that degenerative @entity1635 could falsely elevate spinal @entity79 measurements with dual energy radiograph absorptiometry (DXA). The discordance between hip and spine @entity79 measurement using DXA has also been shown in previous cross-sectional study for adult population. METHODS: A retrospective review of 176 @entity1 treated surgically for @entity1635 . @entity79 of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were determined by DXA. @entity1 were categorized as follows: concordance ( @entity170 , @entity2331 , or normal @entity79 on both sites), minor discordance ( @entity170 in one site and @entity2331 in the other site), and major discordance ( @entity170 in one site and normal the other site). Body mass index (BMI), preoperative Cobb angle, fusion ratio, and complication were recorded. Statistical analysis included the Student t test,   (2) test, regression coefficient test, and simple linear regression. P value was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age was 51    12 years (26-82 years). The mean T score of the hip was -1.23    0.89 and of the spine was -0.52    1.57. Major discordance in @entity79 7 (4%) points, minor discordance 68 (39%) points, and concordance was 101 (57%) points. There was moderate correlation between T score of hip and spine (R = 0.55P < 0.01). T score of the hip and of the spine showed 10.8% and 10.2% of the @entity1 were @entity3604 . The mean Z score of the hip and of the spine showed comparable age and sex matched values. No correlation was observed between @entity79 and Cobb angle (R = 0.05, P = 0.464). The fusion rate was 93% and surgical complication rate was 14.9%. No significant correlation was observed between @entity79 and fusion (P = 0.80) complication (P = 0.13). CONCLUSION: Comparable bone density exists among @entity1635 @entity1 with no correlation between @entity79 and curve magnitude, fusion and complication rates. The difference in @entity79 of the hip and of spine cannot be fully explained in the review. These results will guide in surgical planning, @entity1 selection on the treatment options.

title: Characterization of @entity2331 / XXXX in @entity1635 : does bone density affect surgical outcome?

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to validate the prevalence of low @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 @entity1 with @entity1635 and to relate that to surgical treatment outcome. Despite reports of the high prevalence of low @entity79 among female with adolescent idiopathic, these findings have not been substantiated in any comprehensive review of @entity1635 @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: It has been suggested that @entity1635 may predispose to @entity170 and that degenerative @entity1635 could falsely elevate spinal @entity79 measurements with dual energy radiograph absorptiometry (DXA). The discordance between hip and spine @entity79 measurement using DXA has also been shown in previous cross-sectional study for adult population. METHODS: A retrospective review of 176 @entity1 treated surgically for @entity1635 . @entity79 of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were determined by DXA. @entity1 were categorized as follows: concordance ( @entity170 , @entity2331 , or normal @entity79 on both sites), minor discordance ( @entity170 in one site and @entity2331 in the other site), and major discordance ( @entity170 in one site and normal the other site). Body mass index (BMI), preoperative Cobb angle, fusion ratio, and complication were recorded. Statistical analysis included the Student t test,   (2) test, regression coefficient test, and simple linear regression. P value was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age was 51    12 years (26-82 years). The mean T score of the hip was -1.23    0.89 and of the spine was -0.52    1.57. Major discordance in @entity79 7 (4%) points, minor discordance 68 (39%) points, and concordance was 101 (57%) points. There was moderate correlation between T score of hip and spine (R = 0.55P < 0.01). T score of the hip and of the spine showed 10.8% and 10.2% of the @entity1 were @entity3604 . The mean Z score of the hip and of the spine showed comparable age and sex matched values. No correlation was observed between @entity79 and Cobb angle (R = 0.05, P = 0.464). The fusion rate was 93% and surgical complication rate was 14.9%. No significant correlation was observed between @entity79 and fusion (P = 0.80) complication (P = 0.13). CONCLUSION: Comparable bone density exists among @entity1635 @entity1 with no correlation between @entity79 and curve magnitude, fusion and complication rates. The difference in @entity79 of the hip and of spine cannot be fully explained in the review. These results will guide in surgical planning, @entity1 selection on the treatment options.

title: Characterization of @entity2331 / @entity170 in XXXX : does bone density affect surgical outcome?

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['adult scoliosis']


abstract: Clinical management of in situ @entity189 of the breast is different from invasive @entity189 . Thus, it is important to find cytomorphologic criteria to distinguish between these two entities. The current study is designed to assess whether, by applying strict cytologic criteria, the status of stromal invasion can be predicted. In this retrospective study, 223 consecutive nonpalpable @entity5 sampled by ultrasound-guided breast fine-needle aspirates with diagnosis of in situ and @entity189 with histologic follow-up evaluation were retrieved. Ten cytologic parameters were evaluated, which included cellular clustering, eosinophilic differentiation, @entity39 , tubular structures, dirty background, nuclear anisonucleosis, cellular pleomorphism, cribriform pattern, tubular structures, and stromal infiltration. Among all the parameters examined, stromal infiltration was the most powerful predictor of status of invasion. Stromal infiltration was significantly higher in invasive (88%) than in situ (11%), P < 0.0001. In contrast, cribriform pattern (16% vs 36%) and @entity39 (19% vs 59%) were more frequently seen in situ than in invasive @entity189 with P-values of 0.0008 and <0.0001, respectively. This study demonstrates that stromal infiltration defined by strict criteria may predict the status of @entity5 invasion in breast fine-needle aspirates. The combination of stromal infiltration and cribriform pattern and @entity39 in aspirates may provide an opportunity in introducing a "predictive index" to differentiate between an in situ versus an invasive process.

title: Stromal infiltration as a predictor of XXXX invasion in breast fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Microparticulate formulations are often used for experimental prolongation of nerve blockade. Here we examine the effect of excipient composition on the biocompatibility of @entity1341 -containing microparticles. Lipid-protein-sugar particles (LPSPs) composed of 3% (1.3-microm diameter) and 60% (4.7-microm diameter) (w/w) @entity4747 ( @entity4748 ) were produced by spray drying, containing 10% (w/w) @entity1341 . @entity35 sciatic nerve blocks with 75 mg of particles produced statistically similar durations of @entity616 [3% (w/w) @entity4748 particles: 301 min; 60% (w/w) @entity4748 particles: 321 min]. Examination of tissues 1 day after injection revealed large particle deposits and acute @entity32 in animals that received 60% (w/w) @entity4748 particles. There were no visible deposits in those that received 3% (w/w) @entity4748 particles, and microscopic @entity32 was reduced. The difference between groups was similar 4 days after injection. Two weeks after injection, there was no particulate mass in either group, and @entity32 had largely resolved. In both groups, moderately severe myotoxicity was seen 1 and 4 days after injection but had largely resolved by 2 weeks. In summary, reduction in particles' @entity4748 content greatly improved biocompatibility without compromising duration of nerve blockade; the improvement was probably attributable to the enhanced rate of particle resorption.

title: Effect of excipient composition on the biocompatibility of XXXX -containing microparticles at the sciatic nerve.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['sensory nerve block']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: @entity6442 ( @entity9104 ) induces differentiation of @entity1 @entity694 (DLD-1) cells in culture and reduces their tumorigenicity in @entity19 . The current investigation analyzed DLD-1 ( @entity35 ) cells for ultrastructural evidence of differentiation. Examination of treated and untreated confluent monolayers by transmission electron microscopy revealed an occasional intracytoplasmic lumen indicative of @entity420 . @entity9104 -treated cells showed no signs of a toxic reaction. Cytoplasmic organelles were essentially unchanged except for an increase in tonofilaments and associated desmosomes. The number of desmosomes per unit length of contiguous cell border increased almost sixfold in treated monolayers. No other type of cell junction was seen. The increased frequency of desmosomes in @entity9104 -treated cultures is significant because of the direct correlation known to exist between the number of desmosomes and degree of differentiation of some @entity1 @entity189 . Desmosomes serve as foci of cell adhesion and are reduced in number in some invasive @entity5 . Whether the supernumerary desmosomes in @entity9104 -treated cells contribute to the reduction in malignant behavior of these cells in vivo remains to be determined.

title: Ultrastructural evidence of XXXX -induced differentiation of cultured @entity1 @entity694 cells. Increased expression of desmosomes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6442 :: ('MESH:D004126', 'Chemical') :: ['N,N-dimethylformamide']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity6442 :: (MESH:D004126,Chemical) :: ['dimethylformamide']


abstract: @entity6442 ( @entity9104 ) induces differentiation of @entity1 @entity694 (DLD-1) cells in culture and reduces their tumorigenicity in @entity19 . The current investigation analyzed DLD-1 ( @entity35 ) cells for ultrastructural evidence of differentiation. Examination of treated and untreated confluent monolayers by transmission electron microscopy revealed an occasional intracytoplasmic lumen indicative of @entity420 . @entity9104 -treated cells showed no signs of a toxic reaction. Cytoplasmic organelles were essentially unchanged except for an increase in tonofilaments and associated desmosomes. The number of desmosomes per unit length of contiguous cell border increased almost sixfold in treated monolayers. No other type of cell junction was seen. The increased frequency of desmosomes in @entity9104 -treated cultures is significant because of the direct correlation known to exist between the number of desmosomes and degree of differentiation of some @entity1 @entity189 . Desmosomes serve as foci of cell adhesion and are reduced in number in some invasive @entity5 . Whether the supernumerary desmosomes in @entity9104 -treated cells contribute to the reduction in malignant behavior of these cells in vivo remains to be determined.

title: Ultrastructural evidence of @entity6442 -induced differentiation of cultured @entity1 XXXX cells. Increased expression of desmosomes.

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: @entity6442 ( @entity9104 ) induces differentiation of @entity1 @entity694 (DLD-1) cells in culture and reduces their tumorigenicity in @entity19 . The current investigation analyzed DLD-1 ( @entity35 ) cells for ultrastructural evidence of differentiation. Examination of treated and untreated confluent monolayers by transmission electron microscopy revealed an occasional intracytoplasmic lumen indicative of @entity420 . @entity9104 -treated cells showed no signs of a toxic reaction. Cytoplasmic organelles were essentially unchanged except for an increase in tonofilaments and associated desmosomes. The number of desmosomes per unit length of contiguous cell border increased almost sixfold in treated monolayers. No other type of cell junction was seen. The increased frequency of desmosomes in @entity9104 -treated cultures is significant because of the direct correlation known to exist between the number of desmosomes and degree of differentiation of some @entity1 @entity189 . Desmosomes serve as foci of cell adhesion and are reduced in number in some invasive @entity5 . Whether the supernumerary desmosomes in @entity9104 -treated cells contribute to the reduction in malignant behavior of these cells in vivo remains to be determined.

title: Ultrastructural evidence of @entity6442 -induced differentiation of cultured XXXX @entity694 cells. Increased expression of desmosomes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the relationship between recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) responsiveness, insulin resistance, and @entity32 - @entity731 (MIA) syndrome in hemodialysis @entity1 . METHODS: This was an observational cohort study in hemodialysis @entity1 . Adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, and required @entity1307 dosage were measured in @entity6 ( @entity3918 ; n=58) and @entity6 (non- @entity3918 ; n=58) groups over 48 weeks. Furthermore, the @entity1307 responsiveness index (required @entity1307 dosage divided by hemoglobin) was evaluated with or without @entity32 in both groups. RESULTS: The @entity3918 group had significantly higher plasma leptin, @entity650 ( @entity650 ), and high sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP) levels but lower plasma high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels compared to the non- @entity3918 group. Although hemoglobin levels were not significantly different, required @entity1307 dosage was significantly higher in the @entity3918 group than in the non- @entity3918 group, particularly in the presence of @entity32 . The @entity3918 group with @entity32 had significantly higher plasma leptin, @entity650 , and hs-CRP levels but lower plasma HMW adiponectin levels compared to the non- @entity3918 group with @entity32 . There was also a significant association between @entity1307 dosage and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hs-CRP, @entity650 , @entity5 @entity39 factor a, leptin, and HMW adiponectin levels in @entity3918 @entity1 with @entity32 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 @entity1 with @entity32 have a lower response to @entity1307 and a higher resistance to insulin. This fact may explain the poor outcome of these @entity1 and demonstrate the importance of diagnosis and therapeutic management.

title: Relationship between @entity1307 responsiveness, insulin resistance, and @entity32 - @entity731 (MIA) syndrome in hemodialysis @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition-inflammation', 'MIA syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['non-diabetes', 'diabetes', 'Diabetic hemodialysis']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the relationship between recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) responsiveness, insulin resistance, and @entity32 - @entity731 (MIA) syndrome in hemodialysis @entity1 . METHODS: This was an observational cohort study in hemodialysis @entity1 . Adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, and required @entity1307 dosage were measured in @entity6 ( @entity3918 ; n=58) and @entity6 (non- @entity3918 ; n=58) groups over 48 weeks. Furthermore, the @entity1307 responsiveness index (required @entity1307 dosage divided by hemoglobin) was evaluated with or without @entity32 in both groups. RESULTS: The @entity3918 group had significantly higher plasma leptin, @entity650 ( @entity650 ), and high sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP) levels but lower plasma high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels compared to the non- @entity3918 group. Although hemoglobin levels were not significantly different, required @entity1307 dosage was significantly higher in the @entity3918 group than in the non- @entity3918 group, particularly in the presence of @entity32 . The @entity3918 group with @entity32 had significantly higher plasma leptin, @entity650 , and hs-CRP levels but lower plasma HMW adiponectin levels compared to the non- @entity3918 group with @entity32 . There was also a significant association between @entity1307 dosage and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hs-CRP, @entity650 , @entity5 @entity39 factor a, leptin, and HMW adiponectin levels in @entity3918 @entity1 with @entity32 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 @entity1 with @entity32 have a lower response to @entity1307 and a higher resistance to insulin. This fact may explain the poor outcome of these @entity1 and demonstrate the importance of diagnosis and therapeutic management.

title: Relationship between @entity1307 responsiveness, insulin resistance, and XXXX - @entity731 (MIA) syndrome in hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity6 .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['malnutrition-inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the relationship between recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) responsiveness, insulin resistance, and @entity32 - @entity731 (MIA) syndrome in hemodialysis @entity1 . METHODS: This was an observational cohort study in hemodialysis @entity1 . Adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, and required @entity1307 dosage were measured in @entity6 ( @entity3918 ; n=58) and @entity6 (non- @entity3918 ; n=58) groups over 48 weeks. Furthermore, the @entity1307 responsiveness index (required @entity1307 dosage divided by hemoglobin) was evaluated with or without @entity32 in both groups. RESULTS: The @entity3918 group had significantly higher plasma leptin, @entity650 ( @entity650 ), and high sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP) levels but lower plasma high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels compared to the non- @entity3918 group. Although hemoglobin levels were not significantly different, required @entity1307 dosage was significantly higher in the @entity3918 group than in the non- @entity3918 group, particularly in the presence of @entity32 . The @entity3918 group with @entity32 had significantly higher plasma leptin, @entity650 , and hs-CRP levels but lower plasma HMW adiponectin levels compared to the non- @entity3918 group with @entity32 . There was also a significant association between @entity1307 dosage and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hs-CRP, @entity650 , @entity5 @entity39 factor a, leptin, and HMW adiponectin levels in @entity3918 @entity1 with @entity32 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 @entity1 with @entity32 have a lower response to @entity1307 and a higher resistance to insulin. This fact may explain the poor outcome of these @entity1 and demonstrate the importance of diagnosis and therapeutic management.

title: Relationship between XXXX responsiveness, insulin resistance, and @entity32 - @entity731 (MIA) syndrome in hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the relationship between recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) responsiveness, insulin resistance, and @entity32 - @entity731 (MIA) syndrome in hemodialysis @entity1 . METHODS: This was an observational cohort study in hemodialysis @entity1 . Adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, and required @entity1307 dosage were measured in @entity6 ( @entity3918 ; n=58) and @entity6 (non- @entity3918 ; n=58) groups over 48 weeks. Furthermore, the @entity1307 responsiveness index (required @entity1307 dosage divided by hemoglobin) was evaluated with or without @entity32 in both groups. RESULTS: The @entity3918 group had significantly higher plasma leptin, @entity650 ( @entity650 ), and high sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP) levels but lower plasma high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels compared to the non- @entity3918 group. Although hemoglobin levels were not significantly different, required @entity1307 dosage was significantly higher in the @entity3918 group than in the non- @entity3918 group, particularly in the presence of @entity32 . The @entity3918 group with @entity32 had significantly higher plasma leptin, @entity650 , and hs-CRP levels but lower plasma HMW adiponectin levels compared to the non- @entity3918 group with @entity32 . There was also a significant association between @entity1307 dosage and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hs-CRP, @entity650 , @entity5 @entity39 factor a, leptin, and HMW adiponectin levels in @entity3918 @entity1 with @entity32 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 @entity1 with @entity32 have a lower response to @entity1307 and a higher resistance to insulin. This fact may explain the poor outcome of these @entity1 and demonstrate the importance of diagnosis and therapeutic management.

title: Relationship between @entity1307 responsiveness, insulin resistance, and @entity32 - XXXX (MIA) syndrome in hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity6 .

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the relationship between recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) responsiveness, insulin resistance, and @entity32 - @entity731 (MIA) syndrome in hemodialysis @entity1 . METHODS: This was an observational cohort study in hemodialysis @entity1 . Adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, and required @entity1307 dosage were measured in @entity6 ( @entity3918 ; n=58) and @entity6 (non- @entity3918 ; n=58) groups over 48 weeks. Furthermore, the @entity1307 responsiveness index (required @entity1307 dosage divided by hemoglobin) was evaluated with or without @entity32 in both groups. RESULTS: The @entity3918 group had significantly higher plasma leptin, @entity650 ( @entity650 ), and high sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP) levels but lower plasma high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels compared to the non- @entity3918 group. Although hemoglobin levels were not significantly different, required @entity1307 dosage was significantly higher in the @entity3918 group than in the non- @entity3918 group, particularly in the presence of @entity32 . The @entity3918 group with @entity32 had significantly higher plasma leptin, @entity650 , and hs-CRP levels but lower plasma HMW adiponectin levels compared to the non- @entity3918 group with @entity32 . There was also a significant association between @entity1307 dosage and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hs-CRP, @entity650 , @entity5 @entity39 factor a, leptin, and HMW adiponectin levels in @entity3918 @entity1 with @entity32 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 @entity1 with @entity32 have a lower response to @entity1307 and a higher resistance to insulin. This fact may explain the poor outcome of these @entity1 and demonstrate the importance of diagnosis and therapeutic management.

title: Relationship between @entity1307 responsiveness, insulin resistance, and @entity32 - @entity731 (MIA) syndrome in hemodialysis XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis of B-16 @entity320 metastatic variants was examined in vivo and in vitro to begin to assess the relationship between the presence of these polymers and the process of primary invasion and @entity3 . The variants that were examined for GAG production included the F-1 line that exhibits low metastatic potential, the @entity48401 line selected for high metastatic potential, and the BL6 line selected for high invasiveness. The F-1 cell line was routinely less invasive than the @entity48401 and BL6 lines when injected s.c. into the legs of irradiated Swiss Webster @entity19 . All cell lines formed palpable @entity5 after s.c. injection, but histological sections revealed early and extensive invasion in only @entity48401 and BL6 @entity5 . The F-1 @entity5 were surrounded by a connective tissue capsule and did not begin to invade into host tissue until this structure disappeared approximately 16 days after injection of @entity5 cells. Some consistent alterations in GAG synthesis, particularly the release of hyaluronic acid and heparan @entity597 , were observed among the cell lines in vivo and in vitro, although differences observed in vitro were small and variable. In vivo all @entity5 were surrounded by a hyaluronic acid-rich zone that was concentrated at the @entity5 -stromal interface and was transitory. @entity17540 occurred as a diffuse band around BL6 and @entity48401 @entity5 but was confined to a capsule surrounding the less aggressive F-1 @entity5 . In vitro the BL6 and @entity48401 cell lines released larger amounts of heparan @entity597 and @entity4023 than did the F-1 cell line. Differences in release of chondroitin @entity597 by the cell lines were not observed. Differences in trypsin-releasable GAG, presumably associated with the glycocalyx, were also not apparent. These results link the release in vitro and organization in vivo of hyaluronic acid and heparan @entity597 to invasion and @entity3 .

title: Glycosaminoglycan production by @entity19 XXXX variants in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity17540 :: ('CHEBI:16336', 'Chemical') :: ['Hyaluronate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis of B-16 @entity320 metastatic variants was examined in vivo and in vitro to begin to assess the relationship between the presence of these polymers and the process of primary invasion and @entity3 . The variants that were examined for GAG production included the F-1 line that exhibits low metastatic potential, the @entity48401 line selected for high metastatic potential, and the BL6 line selected for high invasiveness. The F-1 cell line was routinely less invasive than the @entity48401 and BL6 lines when injected s.c. into the legs of irradiated Swiss Webster @entity19 . All cell lines formed palpable @entity5 after s.c. injection, but histological sections revealed early and extensive invasion in only @entity48401 and BL6 @entity5 . The F-1 @entity5 were surrounded by a connective tissue capsule and did not begin to invade into host tissue until this structure disappeared approximately 16 days after injection of @entity5 cells. Some consistent alterations in GAG synthesis, particularly the release of hyaluronic acid and heparan @entity597 , were observed among the cell lines in vivo and in vitro, although differences observed in vitro were small and variable. In vivo all @entity5 were surrounded by a hyaluronic acid-rich zone that was concentrated at the @entity5 -stromal interface and was transitory. @entity17540 occurred as a diffuse band around BL6 and @entity48401 @entity5 but was confined to a capsule surrounding the less aggressive F-1 @entity5 . In vitro the BL6 and @entity48401 cell lines released larger amounts of heparan @entity597 and @entity4023 than did the F-1 cell line. Differences in release of chondroitin @entity597 by the cell lines were not observed. Differences in trypsin-releasable GAG, presumably associated with the glycocalyx, were also not apparent. These results link the release in vitro and organization in vivo of hyaluronic acid and heparan @entity597 to invasion and @entity3 .

title: Glycosaminoglycan production by XXXX @entity320 variants in vivo and in vitro.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 with persistent @entity43 documented at second look laparotomy after combination chemotherapy were treated with 146 cycles of alpha-recombinant interferon (rIFN-alpha 2) administered i.p. The initial dose was 5 X 10(6) units which was escalated weekly to 50 X 10(6) units over 4 weeks and then continued weekly for a total of 16 weeks. Eleven @entity1 underwent surgical reevaluation after therapy which confirmed four pathological complete responses (36%), one partial response (9%), and disease progression in six @entity1 (55%). Five of seven @entity1 (71%) with @entity41 less than 5 mm had a surgically documented response, whereas there was no response in the four @entity1 whose @entity5 were greater than or equal to 5 mm. Three @entity1 were evaluable for clinical response only: one @entity1 who refused surgery had a complete clinical response with total resolution of @entity843 ; one had stable disease; and one had disease progression. Fever greater than or equal to 38 degrees C was seen in 58%, @entity221 greater than or equal to 39.0 degrees C was seen in 18%, @entity391 in 37%, @entity490 was reported in 22%, and one @entity1 had @entity298 . Peripheral white blood cell counts and i.p. washings were obtained pretreatment and on days 1, 3, and 7 after treatment. While there was no consistent alteration in peripheral white blood cell counts, the numbers of i.p. monocytes and lymphocytes showed a significant boost on day 1 after each dose of rIFN-alpha 2. Natural killer lymphocyte @entity137 was elevated in the i.p. cavity fluid obtained from most @entity1 on day 1 after treatment, while blood natural killer lymphocyte @entity137 values showed considerable variability. Pharmacokinetic studies show that i.p. levels of rIFN-alpha 2 were 30-1000 times blood levels. rIFN-alpha 2 i.p. may act by increasing concentrations of drug and augmenting regional host cells in @entity1 with @entity43 .

title: Intraperitoneal recombinant alpha-interferon for "salvage" immunotherapy in XXXX : a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer', 'minimal residual ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['infectious peritonitis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['stage III epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy is used in the treatment of @entity1 and adolescents with @entity5 . Some of the chemotherapeutic agents are highly toxic and may cause a number of side effects. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects on hearing in @entity5 survivors who had received @entity902 -based chemotherapy in childhood or adolescence. PROCEDURE: Medical records of 297 @entity1 , who had received treatment for @entity5 at the @entity1 's Hospital, Landspitali University Hospital in Iceland between 1981 and 2006, were retrospectively reviewed. Fifteen subjects fulfilled the eligibility criteria for the study and underwent an extended audiometric evaluation. RESULTS: The results showed that three of the subjects had a high frequency @entity393 . In one subject, we observed a hearing recovery just after the completion of chemotherapy, but the hearing deteriorated again some years later. Nine of the 15 subjects (60%) had @entity392 after the @entity5 treatment. An evaluation of subjective @entity393 and handicap (The Hearing Measurements Scale) revealed that some subjects had great difficulties with hearing in certain situations. The Hearing Measurement Scale showed that the pure-tone audiogram findings were only partly associated with the apparent hearing difficulties. CONCLUSION: Regular follow-up hearing examinations, which include both pure-tone audiogram investigations and subjective @entity393 assessments, should be performed during and after chemotherapy to identify subjects who require particular attention. This will ensure that @entity393 individuals are provided with the most suitable listening devices, to promote good speech and social development.

title: Hearing impairment after XXXX -based chemotherapy in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disability', 'hearing loss', 'hearing impaired']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify patterns of extracapsular extension of @entity11665 of the hip. DESIGN AND @entity1 : Seven cases of @entity11665 of the hip were retrospectively reviewed. Imaging performed included conventional radiography ( n=7), arthrography ( n=1), CT ( n=3) and MR imaging ( n=3). Disease extent on imaging was assessed for each @entity1 and the presence of intra-articular effusion, capsular abnormality and osteochondral bodies recorded. The presence and distribution of extra-articular spread was also assessed and correlated with the surgical findings. In all cases diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy, with all @entity1 undergoing @entity5 resection with or without synovectomy. RESULTS: In five cases (5/7) disease extended beyond the hip capsule, while the remaining two cases (2/7) were confined to the hip joint. These findings were confirmed at surgery. Two distinct patterns of extracapsular spread were identified. The first pattern, noted in three cases, involved @entity5 extension along iliopsoas. The second pattern, noted in five cases, involved @entity5 extension along the obturator externus fat plane. In three cases both patterns were present. CONCLUSIONS: Extra-articular spread of @entity11665 is common. Patterns of extra-articular spread may be predictable based on involvement of recognized periarticular bursae of the hip joint. Bursal patterns of extra-articular spread include extension into the iliopsoas bursa as well as communication along the obturator externus bursa of the hip.

title: Primary XXXX of the hip: extracapsular patterns of spread.

entities_list: @entity11665 :: ('MESH:D015838', 'Disease') :: ['synovial osteochondromatosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity11665 :: (MESH:D015838,Disease) :: ['synovial osteochondromatosis']


abstract: A fast and simple micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of @entity23150 in pharmaceutical formulations. The effects of buffer concentration, buffer pH, @entity214 ( @entity214 ) concentration, organic modifier, applied voltage and injection time were investigated. Optimum results were obtained with a 50 mM @entity19131 buffer at pH 8.0 containing 50 mM @entity214 by using a fused @entity3440 capillary (50 microm internal diameter, 72 cm effective length). The sample was injected hydrodynamically for 4 s at 50 mbar pressure and the applied voltage was +30 kV. The detection wavelength was set at 205 nm. @entity1622 was used as an internal standard. The analysis was performed at 25 degrees C and the total run time was 14 min. The method was suitably validated with respect to linearity range, limit of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy, @entity6542 and robustness. The linear calibration range was 5-100 microg mL(-1) and the limit of detection was determined as 1 microg mL(-1). The method developed was successfully applied to the determination of @entity23150 in pharmaceutical formulations. The results were compared with a spectrophotometric method reported in the literature and no significant difference was found statistically.

title: Determination of XXXX in pharmaceutical formulations by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography.

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specificity']

entities_list: @entity1622 :: ('MESH:D004061', 'Chemical') :: ['Diflunisal']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate', 'SDS']

entities_list: @entity23150 :: ('MESH:D010891', 'Chemical') :: ['piribedil']

answer: @entity23150 :: (MESH:D010891,Chemical) :: ['piribedil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present our experience with severe pediatric @entity130 . The pediatric @entity130 is the leading cause of death in @entity1 under 2 years. METHODS: We achieved a retrospective study from 78 pediatric @entity1 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (UCI) for multiple @entity130 between 2000 and 2008. Age, sex, season, location, mechanism, Glasgow and ITP, type of injuries, complications, days of hospitalization and deaths were reviewed. It was performed descriptive and analytical study using the SPSS 15.0 and chi square and Pearson correlation were applied. OUTCOMES: The mean age of @entity1 was of 8.5 +/- 4.2 years with 70% @entity1 . Most accidents occurred in summer (37%) and the most common site was the road (47%). There was 15% of mortality, which the 75% occurred in the first 24 hours. There is an association between abdominal @entity130 and type of mechanism (p < 0.05). The most common mechanism was the traffic accident (45%) followed by a direct hit. Both ITP as Glasgow score were associated significantly with mortality and complications and with the hospital stay in the UCI there was a weak association but significant and negative (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality is higher than other series but it may be because that these series include @entity130 . The fall down is the most frequent in pediatric emergencies but it was the mechanism that involves less admission to the UCI. Both ITP as Glasgow score are good indicators of severity and if their values decrease, the hospital stay in UCI and the mortality increase.

title: [Our experience in the poly-traumatized pediatric XXXX with criteria for admission to the ICU].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'minor injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity19967 are quite unusual lesions that represent less than 3% of all @entity44 and its malignant transformation is very uncommon. The clinical manifestations are characteristic of @entity530 and the hormonal metabolism is not usually modified. Radiography, employing ultrasound procedures, is the most commonly used pre-surgical detection method but only histological examination makes the diagnosis. The malignance recognition by pathological study not always is easy; in this sense, it requires an exhaustive sampling of the lesion, being specially carefully in some aspects related with malignant transformation such as extending beyond the capsula and involving peripheral tissues. A thyroidal differentiation must be confirmed by immunohistochemical study and other local processes with similar histology should be ruled out. Given the exceptional character of malignant forms, there does not appear to be unanimous agreement on a standard therapy with a somewhat uncertain prognosis. CASE REPORT: We show a case of a 22-year-old @entity1 with an @entity43 that was discovered by ultrasound examination and surgically removed. The histologic study revealed @entity19967 with @entity189 and unlike previously published cases, had a prevalence of clear cells. The @entity1 was submitted to a second surgical staging intervention, with conservative surgery and follow-up controls being considered given that was a young @entity1 with a desire to have @entity1 . Laparoscopy was employed as the best method capable to facilitate shorter convalescence. OUTCOME: Clinical and analytical controls, measuring @entity3745 levels, has been satisfactory up to the present.

title: XXXX mimic clear cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19967 :: ('MESH:D013330', 'Disease') :: ['Struma ovarii', 'struma ovarii']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation towards follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumor']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity19967 :: (MESH:D013330,Disease) :: ['Malignant struma ovarii']


abstract: @entity14 is the most common @entity344 in the world. The survival of @entity1 with @entity14 has not varied appreciably in recent years. The knowledge that genetic factors could play a role in the etiology and prognosis of @entity1 with sporadic @entity14 has opened up new lines of research. The aim of the study was to evaluate a group of @entity1 with @entity14 and the possible influence on the prognosis of immunohistochemical @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity2280 expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 37 cases of @entity14 were included in this study. @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity2280 protein expression in @entity5 tissue sections was determined using immunohistochemical staining with specific monoclonal antibodies. A total of 37 @entity5 were analyzed for histopathology. The immunoexpression status of MMR genes was correlated with @entity5 stage, location, histology, gender and @entity2280 immunoexpression. RESULTS: Of the 37 cases immunohistochemical analysis showed 13 (35.1%) had loss of expression of @entity6756 , 5 (13.5%) had loss of expression of @entity4311 , and five cases had loss of expression of both proteins. Multivariate analysis showed that right side dominance (p<0.05) poorly differentiated and male (p<0.05) were associated with loss of expression of @entity6756 or @entity4311 . Loss of expression of @entity6756 or @entity4311 correlated with low @entity2280 expression (p>0.05). @entity2280 immunoexpression was higher in the @entity5 location, stage D Dukes'a (p<0.05) and G2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that sporadic colorectal MMR-defective @entity420 display certain specific morphological characteristics. However, these pathological features are not sufficiently predictive and immunohistochemistry is needed to identify such @entity5 accurately. The researches on angiogenesis of @entity5 cells can be used as prognostic factors for the @entity1 with @entity14 .

title: [Diagnostic and prognostic values of repair protein @entity6756 , XXXX and protein @entity2280 immunoexpression in sporadic @entity14 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'left side tumor', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity4311 :: (4436,Gene) :: ['hMSH2']


abstract: @entity14 is the most common @entity344 in the world. The survival of @entity1 with @entity14 has not varied appreciably in recent years. The knowledge that genetic factors could play a role in the etiology and prognosis of @entity1 with sporadic @entity14 has opened up new lines of research. The aim of the study was to evaluate a group of @entity1 with @entity14 and the possible influence on the prognosis of immunohistochemical @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity2280 expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 37 cases of @entity14 were included in this study. @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity2280 protein expression in @entity5 tissue sections was determined using immunohistochemical staining with specific monoclonal antibodies. A total of 37 @entity5 were analyzed for histopathology. The immunoexpression status of MMR genes was correlated with @entity5 stage, location, histology, gender and @entity2280 immunoexpression. RESULTS: Of the 37 cases immunohistochemical analysis showed 13 (35.1%) had loss of expression of @entity6756 , 5 (13.5%) had loss of expression of @entity4311 , and five cases had loss of expression of both proteins. Multivariate analysis showed that right side dominance (p<0.05) poorly differentiated and male (p<0.05) were associated with loss of expression of @entity6756 or @entity4311 . Loss of expression of @entity6756 or @entity4311 correlated with low @entity2280 expression (p>0.05). @entity2280 immunoexpression was higher in the @entity5 location, stage D Dukes'a (p<0.05) and G2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that sporadic colorectal MMR-defective @entity420 display certain specific morphological characteristics. However, these pathological features are not sufficiently predictive and immunohistochemistry is needed to identify such @entity5 accurately. The researches on angiogenesis of @entity5 cells can be used as prognostic factors for the @entity1 with @entity14 .

title: [Diagnostic and prognostic values of repair protein XXXX , @entity4311 and protein @entity2280 immunoexpression in sporadic @entity14 ].

answer: @entity6756 :: (4292,Gene) :: ['hMLH1']


abstract: @entity14 is the most common @entity344 in the world. The survival of @entity1 with @entity14 has not varied appreciably in recent years. The knowledge that genetic factors could play a role in the etiology and prognosis of @entity1 with sporadic @entity14 has opened up new lines of research. The aim of the study was to evaluate a group of @entity1 with @entity14 and the possible influence on the prognosis of immunohistochemical @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity2280 expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 37 cases of @entity14 were included in this study. @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity2280 protein expression in @entity5 tissue sections was determined using immunohistochemical staining with specific monoclonal antibodies. A total of 37 @entity5 were analyzed for histopathology. The immunoexpression status of MMR genes was correlated with @entity5 stage, location, histology, gender and @entity2280 immunoexpression. RESULTS: Of the 37 cases immunohistochemical analysis showed 13 (35.1%) had loss of expression of @entity6756 , 5 (13.5%) had loss of expression of @entity4311 , and five cases had loss of expression of both proteins. Multivariate analysis showed that right side dominance (p<0.05) poorly differentiated and male (p<0.05) were associated with loss of expression of @entity6756 or @entity4311 . Loss of expression of @entity6756 or @entity4311 correlated with low @entity2280 expression (p>0.05). @entity2280 immunoexpression was higher in the @entity5 location, stage D Dukes'a (p<0.05) and G2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that sporadic colorectal MMR-defective @entity420 display certain specific morphological characteristics. However, these pathological features are not sufficiently predictive and immunohistochemistry is needed to identify such @entity5 accurately. The researches on angiogenesis of @entity5 cells can be used as prognostic factors for the @entity1 with @entity14 .

title: [Diagnostic and prognostic values of repair protein @entity6756 , @entity4311 and protein @entity2280 immunoexpression in sporadic XXXX ].

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity14 is the most common @entity344 in the world. The survival of @entity1 with @entity14 has not varied appreciably in recent years. The knowledge that genetic factors could play a role in the etiology and prognosis of @entity1 with sporadic @entity14 has opened up new lines of research. The aim of the study was to evaluate a group of @entity1 with @entity14 and the possible influence on the prognosis of immunohistochemical @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity2280 expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 37 cases of @entity14 were included in this study. @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity2280 protein expression in @entity5 tissue sections was determined using immunohistochemical staining with specific monoclonal antibodies. A total of 37 @entity5 were analyzed for histopathology. The immunoexpression status of MMR genes was correlated with @entity5 stage, location, histology, gender and @entity2280 immunoexpression. RESULTS: Of the 37 cases immunohistochemical analysis showed 13 (35.1%) had loss of expression of @entity6756 , 5 (13.5%) had loss of expression of @entity4311 , and five cases had loss of expression of both proteins. Multivariate analysis showed that right side dominance (p<0.05) poorly differentiated and male (p<0.05) were associated with loss of expression of @entity6756 or @entity4311 . Loss of expression of @entity6756 or @entity4311 correlated with low @entity2280 expression (p>0.05). @entity2280 immunoexpression was higher in the @entity5 location, stage D Dukes'a (p<0.05) and G2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that sporadic colorectal MMR-defective @entity420 display certain specific morphological characteristics. However, these pathological features are not sufficiently predictive and immunohistochemistry is needed to identify such @entity5 accurately. The researches on angiogenesis of @entity5 cells can be used as prognostic factors for the @entity1 with @entity14 .

title: [Diagnostic and prognostic values of repair protein @entity6756 , @entity4311 and protein XXXX immunoexpression in sporadic @entity14 ].

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: Orbital compression syndrome is caused by disorders of varying etiologies involving the orbit and presents with @entity2194 . Ocular involvement of sickle cell disease is uncommon. A 17-year-old male presented with @entity735 of 5 days duration without past history of @entity158 crisis or transfusion. Examination revealed pallor, @entity1087 , conjuctival chemosis, and symmetrical restriction of ocular movements with preserved visual acuity. He was drowsy with no other @entity51 . The fundus showed @entity1103 , @entity450 , and no @entity548 . His peripheral smear showed presence of sickle cells. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the orbit revealed orbital subperiosteal @entity1410 . CT head images showed epidural @entity1410 in the frontal lobe. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mutation studies revealed @entity8674 in the @entity1 . He was managed with supportive care, transfusions to keep hemoglobin above 10 g/dl, and @entity1862 . The @entity1 recovered fully and remained well during follow-up of 12 months. Our case was unique for presenting as orbital compression syndrome without any history of @entity432 .

title: XXXX presenting as orbital compression syndrome.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular and extraocular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['icterus, bilateral proptosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous engorgement']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['low backache and proptosis of both eyes']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['focal deficits']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vaso-occlusive crisis']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['sickle beta-thalassemia']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['Sickle beta-thalassemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is the second most common @entity5 among Thai @entity1 after @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the overall five-year survival of @entity0 @entity1 treated at Srinagarind hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between January 1998 and December 2002, 382 @entity1 with @entity0 who got definite treatment at Srinagarind hospital were included in the present study. Their medical records were reviewed including sex, age, stage at diagnosis, histological types, histological grades, treatment modality and survival. RESULTS: There were 380 female @entity1 (99.5%) and 2 male @entity1 (0.5%). The peak age group was 41-50 years (38.5%), mean age was 48.3 years old. The most common histological type was @entity513 (95.3%). Most @entity1 received surgical treatment (91.9%) and chemotherapy (94.2%). The overall five-year survival rate was 63%. The overall five-year survival rate in stage I, II, III and IV were 100%, 85%, 39% and 9% respectively. CONCLUSION: The peak age of @entity0 was 41-50 years old. The overall five-year survival rate was 63%.

title: XXXX : five-year survival in Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: The relationship of clinically defined menstrual categories and an independent measure of hormonal stimulation, maturation index of vaginal smear cytology, was studied. Analysis of 596 smears obtained at the time of @entity0 diagnosis revealed a statistically significant association between menstrual status and maturation index. However, within each menstrual group varying levels of maturation were noted. Estrogenic effect in the absence of exogenous hormone administration was found in 11% of @entity1 following bilateral oophorectomy and among 24% of @entity1 whose natural menopause occurred 20 years or longer prior to diagnosis. Endogenous @entity172 production appears to continue for many years among some @entity1 . Clinical factors such as @entity28 , @entity6 and/or @entity101 may stimulate high squamous maturation in some @entity1 . Others of the same age and with similar clinical histories were found to have @entity3202 smears. The differences in maturation index may be due to individual variations in: endogenous hormone levels; sensitivity of the vaginal mucosa to similar hormonal stimuli; use of certain medications; or unidentified exogenous factors. The maturation index was found to be significantly associated with the following prognostic factors: weight relative to height, @entity5 size and @entity172 receptor content of the @entity5 . These findings indicate that vaginal smear cytology may define specific subsets within menstrual categories which may be relevant to therapy and prognosis in @entity0 .

title: Association of vaginal smear cytology with menstrual status in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Investigations into the site of vasodilator and antivasoconstrictor activity of @entity460 antagonists previously performed in @entity468 were extended to a second species, barbiturate-anaesthetized @entity95 , and a second vasoconstrictor agent, @entity1951 . The @entity7236 derivative @entity16941 (code name PY 108-068; 10, 30 and 100 micrograms kg-1 i.v.) showed systemic haemodynamic effects comparable to those seen in @entity468 at half these doses. @entity16941 effected regional vasodilatation (measured with tracer microspheres) in the heart, brain and skeletal muscles as in @entity468 . Only the vessels of the adrenals (dilated in @entity95 but not in @entity468 ), and the kidneys and skin (constricted in @entity95 but not in @entity468 ) responded differently to @entity16941 . @entity11502 (A II; 0.15 and 1.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1) constricted the same vascular beds in @entity95 as in @entity468 , namely the heart, kidneys, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts (inferred from microspheres reaching the lungs), the only exceptions being the vessels of the stomach and liver (constriction only in @entity468 ) and the adrenals (constriction only in @entity95 ). @entity16941 (30 and 100 micrograms kg-1) attenuated the A II-induced vasoconstriction in the same vascular beds in @entity95 as in @entity468 including the kidneys, which were constricted after administration of the antagonist alone. These results indicate surprisingly small species differences for the vasodilator effects of @entity16941 as well as the attenuation of the vasoconstrictor effects of A II. @entity376 - @entity1951 (2 and 50 mu kg-1 min-1) did not increase blood pressure in anaesthetized @entity95 but dose-dependently lowered heart rate, cardiac output, total peripheral conductance and myocardial contractile force (measured with a strain gauge). @entity1951 constricted all peripheral vascular beds dose-dependently, except for those of the kidney and liver. The effects of @entity1951 persisted in the animals infused with placebo solution. @entity16941 (30 and 100 micrograms kg-1), but not @entity1855 (300 and 1000 micrograms kg-1) reversed the @entity1951 -induced @entity308 and decrease in cardiac output. This probably also explains most of the apparent differences between the effects of the two @entity460 antagonists on the peripheral circulation. Both @entity460 antagonists diminished the @entity1951 constriction in most vascular beds except those of the spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts. Most of the effects were dose-related but not strictly competitive, as far as this can be judged based on two doses of agonist and antagonist. 9 As with A II the effects of @entity1951 were diminished in vascular beds not normally dilated by @entity460 antagonists. 10 @entity460 antagonists display two typical patterns of activity. The vasodilator pattern consists of dilatation of the vesels of the heart, brain and, to a degree varying with the agents, skeletal muscle. The antivasoconstrictor effects occur in some but not all of the vessels constricted by the constrictor agent, vasoconstriction of the spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts being resistant to the action of @entity460 antagonists. The pattern of antivasoconstrictor activity appears to depend on the constrictor compound used, inasmuch as such agents constrict different vascular beds.

title: Modification of @entity1951 - and @entity11502 - induced changes by @entity460 antagonists in the peripheral circulation of anaesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac depression']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin', 'Vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity16941 :: ('MESH:C034600', 'Chemical') :: ['darodipine', 'Darodipine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin II']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Investigations into the site of vasodilator and antivasoconstrictor activity of @entity460 antagonists previously performed in @entity468 were extended to a second species, barbiturate-anaesthetized @entity95 , and a second vasoconstrictor agent, @entity1951 . The @entity7236 derivative @entity16941 (code name PY 108-068; 10, 30 and 100 micrograms kg-1 i.v.) showed systemic haemodynamic effects comparable to those seen in @entity468 at half these doses. @entity16941 effected regional vasodilatation (measured with tracer microspheres) in the heart, brain and skeletal muscles as in @entity468 . Only the vessels of the adrenals (dilated in @entity95 but not in @entity468 ), and the kidneys and skin (constricted in @entity95 but not in @entity468 ) responded differently to @entity16941 . @entity11502 (A II; 0.15 and 1.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1) constricted the same vascular beds in @entity95 as in @entity468 , namely the heart, kidneys, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts (inferred from microspheres reaching the lungs), the only exceptions being the vessels of the stomach and liver (constriction only in @entity468 ) and the adrenals (constriction only in @entity95 ). @entity16941 (30 and 100 micrograms kg-1) attenuated the A II-induced vasoconstriction in the same vascular beds in @entity95 as in @entity468 including the kidneys, which were constricted after administration of the antagonist alone. These results indicate surprisingly small species differences for the vasodilator effects of @entity16941 as well as the attenuation of the vasoconstrictor effects of A II. @entity376 - @entity1951 (2 and 50 mu kg-1 min-1) did not increase blood pressure in anaesthetized @entity95 but dose-dependently lowered heart rate, cardiac output, total peripheral conductance and myocardial contractile force (measured with a strain gauge). @entity1951 constricted all peripheral vascular beds dose-dependently, except for those of the kidney and liver. The effects of @entity1951 persisted in the animals infused with placebo solution. @entity16941 (30 and 100 micrograms kg-1), but not @entity1855 (300 and 1000 micrograms kg-1) reversed the @entity1951 -induced @entity308 and decrease in cardiac output. This probably also explains most of the apparent differences between the effects of the two @entity460 antagonists on the peripheral circulation. Both @entity460 antagonists diminished the @entity1951 constriction in most vascular beds except those of the spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts. Most of the effects were dose-related but not strictly competitive, as far as this can be judged based on two doses of agonist and antagonist. 9 As with A II the effects of @entity1951 were diminished in vascular beds not normally dilated by @entity460 antagonists. 10 @entity460 antagonists display two typical patterns of activity. The vasodilator pattern consists of dilatation of the vesels of the heart, brain and, to a degree varying with the agents, skeletal muscle. The antivasoconstrictor effects occur in some but not all of the vessels constricted by the constrictor agent, vasoconstriction of the spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts being resistant to the action of @entity460 antagonists. The pattern of antivasoconstrictor activity appears to depend on the constrictor compound used, inasmuch as such agents constrict different vascular beds.

title: Modification of @entity1951 - and XXXX - induced changes by @entity460 antagonists in the peripheral circulation of anaesthetized @entity95 .

answer: @entity11502 :: (MESH:D000804,Chemical) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: Investigations into the site of vasodilator and antivasoconstrictor activity of @entity460 antagonists previously performed in @entity468 were extended to a second species, barbiturate-anaesthetized @entity95 , and a second vasoconstrictor agent, @entity1951 . The @entity7236 derivative @entity16941 (code name PY 108-068; 10, 30 and 100 micrograms kg-1 i.v.) showed systemic haemodynamic effects comparable to those seen in @entity468 at half these doses. @entity16941 effected regional vasodilatation (measured with tracer microspheres) in the heart, brain and skeletal muscles as in @entity468 . Only the vessels of the adrenals (dilated in @entity95 but not in @entity468 ), and the kidneys and skin (constricted in @entity95 but not in @entity468 ) responded differently to @entity16941 . @entity11502 (A II; 0.15 and 1.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1) constricted the same vascular beds in @entity95 as in @entity468 , namely the heart, kidneys, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts (inferred from microspheres reaching the lungs), the only exceptions being the vessels of the stomach and liver (constriction only in @entity468 ) and the adrenals (constriction only in @entity95 ). @entity16941 (30 and 100 micrograms kg-1) attenuated the A II-induced vasoconstriction in the same vascular beds in @entity95 as in @entity468 including the kidneys, which were constricted after administration of the antagonist alone. These results indicate surprisingly small species differences for the vasodilator effects of @entity16941 as well as the attenuation of the vasoconstrictor effects of A II. @entity376 - @entity1951 (2 and 50 mu kg-1 min-1) did not increase blood pressure in anaesthetized @entity95 but dose-dependently lowered heart rate, cardiac output, total peripheral conductance and myocardial contractile force (measured with a strain gauge). @entity1951 constricted all peripheral vascular beds dose-dependently, except for those of the kidney and liver. The effects of @entity1951 persisted in the animals infused with placebo solution. @entity16941 (30 and 100 micrograms kg-1), but not @entity1855 (300 and 1000 micrograms kg-1) reversed the @entity1951 -induced @entity308 and decrease in cardiac output. This probably also explains most of the apparent differences between the effects of the two @entity460 antagonists on the peripheral circulation. Both @entity460 antagonists diminished the @entity1951 constriction in most vascular beds except those of the spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts. Most of the effects were dose-related but not strictly competitive, as far as this can be judged based on two doses of agonist and antagonist. 9 As with A II the effects of @entity1951 were diminished in vascular beds not normally dilated by @entity460 antagonists. 10 @entity460 antagonists display two typical patterns of activity. The vasodilator pattern consists of dilatation of the vesels of the heart, brain and, to a degree varying with the agents, skeletal muscle. The antivasoconstrictor effects occur in some but not all of the vessels constricted by the constrictor agent, vasoconstriction of the spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts being resistant to the action of @entity460 antagonists. The pattern of antivasoconstrictor activity appears to depend on the constrictor compound used, inasmuch as such agents constrict different vascular beds.

title: Modification of @entity1951 - and @entity11502 - induced changes by XXXX antagonists in the peripheral circulation of anaesthetized @entity95 .

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Investigations into the site of vasodilator and antivasoconstrictor activity of @entity460 antagonists previously performed in @entity468 were extended to a second species, barbiturate-anaesthetized @entity95 , and a second vasoconstrictor agent, @entity1951 . The @entity7236 derivative @entity16941 (code name PY 108-068; 10, 30 and 100 micrograms kg-1 i.v.) showed systemic haemodynamic effects comparable to those seen in @entity468 at half these doses. @entity16941 effected regional vasodilatation (measured with tracer microspheres) in the heart, brain and skeletal muscles as in @entity468 . Only the vessels of the adrenals (dilated in @entity95 but not in @entity468 ), and the kidneys and skin (constricted in @entity95 but not in @entity468 ) responded differently to @entity16941 . @entity11502 (A II; 0.15 and 1.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1) constricted the same vascular beds in @entity95 as in @entity468 , namely the heart, kidneys, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts (inferred from microspheres reaching the lungs), the only exceptions being the vessels of the stomach and liver (constriction only in @entity468 ) and the adrenals (constriction only in @entity95 ). @entity16941 (30 and 100 micrograms kg-1) attenuated the A II-induced vasoconstriction in the same vascular beds in @entity95 as in @entity468 including the kidneys, which were constricted after administration of the antagonist alone. These results indicate surprisingly small species differences for the vasodilator effects of @entity16941 as well as the attenuation of the vasoconstrictor effects of A II. @entity376 - @entity1951 (2 and 50 mu kg-1 min-1) did not increase blood pressure in anaesthetized @entity95 but dose-dependently lowered heart rate, cardiac output, total peripheral conductance and myocardial contractile force (measured with a strain gauge). @entity1951 constricted all peripheral vascular beds dose-dependently, except for those of the kidney and liver. The effects of @entity1951 persisted in the animals infused with placebo solution. @entity16941 (30 and 100 micrograms kg-1), but not @entity1855 (300 and 1000 micrograms kg-1) reversed the @entity1951 -induced @entity308 and decrease in cardiac output. This probably also explains most of the apparent differences between the effects of the two @entity460 antagonists on the peripheral circulation. Both @entity460 antagonists diminished the @entity1951 constriction in most vascular beds except those of the spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts. Most of the effects were dose-related but not strictly competitive, as far as this can be judged based on two doses of agonist and antagonist. 9 As with A II the effects of @entity1951 were diminished in vascular beds not normally dilated by @entity460 antagonists. 10 @entity460 antagonists display two typical patterns of activity. The vasodilator pattern consists of dilatation of the vesels of the heart, brain and, to a degree varying with the agents, skeletal muscle. The antivasoconstrictor effects occur in some but not all of the vessels constricted by the constrictor agent, vasoconstriction of the spleen, skin and arterio-venous shunts being resistant to the action of @entity460 antagonists. The pattern of antivasoconstrictor activity appears to depend on the constrictor compound used, inasmuch as such agents constrict different vascular beds.

title: Modification of XXXX - and @entity11502 - induced changes by @entity460 antagonists in the peripheral circulation of anaesthetized @entity95 .

answer: @entity1951 :: (MESH:D014667,Chemical) :: ['vasopressin']


abstract: CONTEXT: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Their altered expression and function have been observed in most @entity5 . MiRNAs represent potential disease biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE: To review and evaluate the evidence implicating miRNAs in the pathogenesis of @entity263 ( @entity263 ), @entity150 ( @entity150 ), and @entity703 . EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic review was performed using PubMed and Embase to search for reports using strings for microRNA, non-coding RNA, @entity5 , prostate, @entity150 . Identified manuscripts were retrieved and references searched. Selected studies were required to concentrate on the role of miRNA in these @entity5 . EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: We reviewed articles that focus on this topic. More than 40 miRNAs have been implicated in @entity5 and many target common carcinogenic pathways. In particular, apoptosis avoidance, cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenic signalling, and the generation of @entity342 independence are targeted or facilitated by more than one miRNA. Little work has been done to evaluate the translational applications for this knowledge to date. Novel therapeutic strategies have been developed and are under investigation to selectively modulate miRNAs; such work would potentially enable personalised @entity5 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: MiRNAs appear to be important modulators of @entity5 . Their expression is frequently altered in these @entity5 , and many are functionally implicated in their pathogenesis. They require evaluation to determine the translational role and therapeutic potential for this knowledge.

title: MicroRNA in prostate, XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urologic cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'urologic cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder, and renal cancer', 'bladder cancer', 'BCa']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder, and kidney cancer']


abstract: Some expert guidelines recommend time-scheduled opioid dosing over @entity158 -contingent dosing for @entity1 receiving @entity4784 ( @entity4784 ). The premise is that time-scheduled dosing results in more stable opioid blood levels and @entity158 relief, fewer adverse effects, less reinforcement of @entity158 , and lower addiction risk. We report results of a survey of 1781 @entity1 receiving @entity4784 for chronic @entity158 , in which 967 reported time-scheduled opioid dosing only and 325 reported @entity158 -contingent opioid dosing only. Opioid-related problems and concerns were assessed with the Prescribed Opioids Difficulties Scale. We hypothesized that respondents using time-scheduled opioid dosing would report significantly fewer problems and concerns than those using @entity158 -contingent dosing. @entity1 receiving time-scheduled dosing received substantially higher average daily opioid doses than those using @entity158 -contingent dosing (97.2 vs. 37.2mg average daily dose @entity1286 equivalents, P < .0001). Contrary to expectation, time-scheduled opioid dosing was associated with higher levels of @entity1 opioid control concerns than @entity158 -contingent dosing (6.2 vs. 4.8, P=.008), after adjusting for @entity1 and drug regimen differences. Opioid-related psychosocial problems were somewhat greater among @entity1 using time-scheduled dosing, but this difference was nonsignificant after controlling for @entity1 and drug regimen differences (5.9 vs. 5.0, P=.14). Time-scheduled dosing typically involved higher dosage levels and was associated with higher levels of @entity1 concerns about opioid use. Controlled comparative effectiveness research is needed to assess benefits and risks of time-scheduled opioid dosing relative to @entity158 -contingent opioid dosing among @entity4784 @entity1 in ambulatory care. @entity1 with time-scheduled dosing received higher opioid dosage than @entity1 with @entity158 -contingent dosing. Time-scheduled dosing was associated with greater opioid control concerns than @entity158 -contingent dosing.

title: Time-scheduled vs. @entity158 -contingent opioid dosing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['chronic opioid therapy', 'COT']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['noncancer pain', 'better pain', 'pain behaviors', 'pain']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['chronic opioid therapy']