abstract: This report from the European Prospective Randomised Study presents 8 year results on survival and 5 year results on @entity583 and employment status. The 768 recruited @entity1 were all @entity1 under age 65 with mild or moderate @entity951 , 50% or greater stenosis in at least two major coronary arteries, and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 50% or greater. One "surgical" @entity1 was lost to follow-up immediately after randomization and is therefore excluded from the statistical analysis. Thus 394 @entity1 allocated to surgery were compared with 373 @entity1 allocated to medical treatment, regardless of what subsequently happened to the @entity1 . The policy of early surgery improved survival significantly compared with the conventional medical treatment policy in the total population (89% to 80%, respectively; p = .0013) and in the subgroup with @entity66 (92% and 77%, respectively; p = .00015). Reclassification of vessel disease by greater than 75% instead of 50% or greater stenosis as the criterion was undertaken to facilitate comparison of these results with those of other studies, which apply 70% or greater stenosis as the criterion of significant disease. Of the 767 @entity1 , a cohort of 711 were identified as having greater than 75% obstruction in one, two, or three vessels. A significant improvement in survival with surgery was found in the total cohort (89% and 80%, respectively; p = .0022), the subgroup with @entity66 (91% and 73%, respectively; p = .0044), and that with @entity16136 in which one of the diseased vessels was the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (90% and 79%, respectively; p = .013). There was no significant difference in survival between the two treatments in @entity1 with @entity66 and those with @entity16136 without @entity2791 . Four noninvasive prognostic variables were independently predictive of the effect of surgery: resting electrocardiogram (in 767 @entity1 ), ST segment response to exercise (in 656), history and physical signs of @entity3657 (in 722), and age (in 767). A reduction in @entity204 was entirely responsible for the improved survival with surgery. The incidence of @entity583 in the medical group (11%) was not significantly different from that in the surgical group (15%). Repeat angiography in 71 @entity1 showed 6% graft closure between 1 and 5 years of follow-up. Surgery did not influence the gradually increasing annual rate of retirement from work.

title: Survival, XXXX , and employment status in a prospective randomized study of coronary bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16136 :: ('MESH:D058529', 'Disease') :: ['two-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['one-vessel disease', 'three-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['proximal LAD stenosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial regulator of energy metabolic homeostasis and thus a major survival factor in a variety of metabolic stresses and also in the aging process. @entity209 is associated with a low-grade, @entity32 , primarily in adipose tissue. A low-level of @entity32 is also present in the aging process. There are emerging results indicating that AMPK signaling can inhibit the inflammatory responses induced by the nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) system. The NF-kB subunits are not direct phosphorylation targets of AMPK, but the inhibition of NF-kB signaling is mediated by several downstream targets of AMPK, e.g., @entity4093 , @entity6217 , @entity876 , and Forkhead box O (FoxO) factors. AMPK signaling seems to enhance energy metabolism while it can repress inflammatory responses linked to chronic stress, e.g., in nutritional overload and during the aging process. AMPK can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stresses which are involved in @entity209 and the aging process. Interestingly, many target proteins of AMPK are so-called longevity factors, e.g., @entity4093 , @entity876 , and FoxOs, which not only can increase the stress resistance and extend the lifespan of many organisms but also inhibit the inflammatory responses. The activation capacity of AMPK declines in metabolic stress and with aging which could augment the @entity209 and accelerate the aging process. We will review the AMPK pathways involved in the inhibition of NF-kB signaling and suppression of @entity32 . We also emphasize that the capacity of AMPK to repress inflammatory responses can have a significant impact on both healthspan and lifespan.

title: XXXX -activated protein kinase inhibits NF-kB signaling and @entity32 : impact on healthspan and lifespan.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases', 'Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine monophosphate']

answer: @entity860 :: (MESH:D000249,Chemical) :: ['AMP']


abstract: @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial regulator of energy metabolic homeostasis and thus a major survival factor in a variety of metabolic stresses and also in the aging process. @entity209 is associated with a low-grade, @entity32 , primarily in adipose tissue. A low-level of @entity32 is also present in the aging process. There are emerging results indicating that AMPK signaling can inhibit the inflammatory responses induced by the nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) system. The NF-kB subunits are not direct phosphorylation targets of AMPK, but the inhibition of NF-kB signaling is mediated by several downstream targets of AMPK, e.g., @entity4093 , @entity6217 , @entity876 , and Forkhead box O (FoxO) factors. AMPK signaling seems to enhance energy metabolism while it can repress inflammatory responses linked to chronic stress, e.g., in nutritional overload and during the aging process. AMPK can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stresses which are involved in @entity209 and the aging process. Interestingly, many target proteins of AMPK are so-called longevity factors, e.g., @entity4093 , @entity876 , and FoxOs, which not only can increase the stress resistance and extend the lifespan of many organisms but also inhibit the inflammatory responses. The activation capacity of AMPK declines in metabolic stress and with aging which could augment the @entity209 and accelerate the aging process. We will review the AMPK pathways involved in the inhibition of NF-kB signaling and suppression of @entity32 . We also emphasize that the capacity of AMPK to repress inflammatory responses can have a significant impact on both healthspan and lifespan.

title: @entity860 -activated protein kinase inhibits NF-kB signaling and XXXX : impact on healthspan and lifespan.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: This study was devised to test the hypothesis that dyspnoea could be mediated by unmyelinated vagal sensory nerve endings (type J receptors) situated at alveolar level in the lung. A modified jet nebulizer was used to generate an aerosol of local anaesthetic in particles small enough to @entity133 . @entity3303 (2% and 5%) produced aerosols with an arithmetic mean diameter (+/- SD) of 1.5 +/- 0.3 and 1.2 +/- 0.6 micron respectively, the mass median diameters being 1.7 (geometric standard deviation = 1.2) and 2.5 (geometric standard deviation = 1.7) micron respectively. In experimental animal models a vagally mediated tachypnoea may be induced acutely by pulmonary microembolism. This response is known to be mediated by unmyelinated pulmonary afferent nerves in the vagus. Local anaesthetic agents administered as small particles, but not as large particles, obtunded this response, which suggests that the aerosol was capable of penetration to alveolar level. Upon this background, a clinical study was designed to compare the effects of @entity3303 with placebo both given as small-particle aerosols. Six @entity1 , including two with @entity133 and four with chronic @entity1030 , were studied. Respiratory frequency was determined before and after the aerosol, and exercise tolerance and @entity1353 were measured with a 6 min walking test and visual analogue scales. After @entity3303 there was no clinical evidence of anaesthesia of the upper airways but bronchoconstriction occurred. While no overall effect of @entity3303 on dyspnoea was apparent, individual @entity1 showed some evidence of benefit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of small-particle aerosols of local anaesthetic on dyspnoea in XXXX with respiratory disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['allow alveolar deposition', 'diffuse alveolar pathology']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lignocaine', 'lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The neuropeptide kisspeptin and its receptor play an essential role in reproduction as a potent modulator of the GnRH neuron. In addition to its reproductive function, kisspeptin signaling is also involved in extra-HPG axis systems, including @entity398 and @entity5463 ( @entity28207 ) secretion. In contrast to the accumulating information for kisspeptin neurons and kisspeptin fibers, the histological distribution and function of the kisspeptin receptor in the @entity35 brain are poorly characterized. Using in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence, this study aimed to determine the whole brain map of @entity63489 mRNA (encoding the kisspeptin receptor), and to examine whether @entity398 or @entity28207 neurons express @entity63489 . Neurons with strong @entity63489 expression were observed in several rostral brain areas including the olfactory bulb, medial septum, diagonal band of Broca, and throughout the preoptic area, with the most concentrated population around 0.5 mm rostral to the bregma. Co-immunofluorescence staining revealed that in these rostral brain areas, the vast majority of the @entity63489 -expressing neurons co-expressed @entity1176 . Moderate levels of @entity63489 mRNA were also noted in the rostral periventricular area, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and throughout the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Relatively weak @entity63489 expression was observed in the supraoptic nucleus, and supramammillary nuclei. Moderate to weak expression of @entity63489 was also observed in several regions in the midbrain, including the periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nucleus. We also examined whether @entity398 and @entity28207 neurons in the PVN co-express @entity63489 . Immunofluorescence revealed the co-expression of @entity63489 in a subset of the @entity398 neurons, but not in the @entity28207 neurons in the PVN. This study provides a fundamental anatomical basis for further examination of the kisspeptin signaling system in the extra-HPG axis as well as in reproductive function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mapping of kisspeptin receptor mRNA in the whole @entity35 brain and its co-localization with XXXX in the paraventricular nucleus.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The neuropeptide kisspeptin and its receptor play an essential role in reproduction as a potent modulator of the GnRH neuron. In addition to its reproductive function, kisspeptin signaling is also involved in extra-HPG axis systems, including @entity398 and @entity5463 ( @entity28207 ) secretion. In contrast to the accumulating information for kisspeptin neurons and kisspeptin fibers, the histological distribution and function of the kisspeptin receptor in the @entity35 brain are poorly characterized. Using in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence, this study aimed to determine the whole brain map of @entity63489 mRNA (encoding the kisspeptin receptor), and to examine whether @entity398 or @entity28207 neurons express @entity63489 . Neurons with strong @entity63489 expression were observed in several rostral brain areas including the olfactory bulb, medial septum, diagonal band of Broca, and throughout the preoptic area, with the most concentrated population around 0.5 mm rostral to the bregma. Co-immunofluorescence staining revealed that in these rostral brain areas, the vast majority of the @entity63489 -expressing neurons co-expressed @entity1176 . Moderate levels of @entity63489 mRNA were also noted in the rostral periventricular area, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and throughout the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Relatively weak @entity63489 expression was observed in the supraoptic nucleus, and supramammillary nuclei. Moderate to weak expression of @entity63489 was also observed in several regions in the midbrain, including the periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nucleus. We also examined whether @entity398 and @entity28207 neurons in the PVN co-express @entity63489 . Immunofluorescence revealed the co-expression of @entity63489 in a subset of the @entity398 neurons, but not in the @entity28207 neurons in the PVN. This study provides a fundamental anatomical basis for further examination of the kisspeptin signaling system in the extra-HPG axis as well as in reproductive function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mapping of kisspeptin receptor mRNA in the whole XXXX brain and its co-localization with @entity398 in the paraventricular nucleus.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study was conducted to determine whether in situ implantation of a dropped @entity79 is safe and whether the authors' method would reduce the incidence of @entity166 . The authors retrospectively reviewed 16 @entity1 with @entity4422 , including 11 with @entity174 and 5 with Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB @entity174 who had a dropped @entity79 between January 2002 and January 2012. Mean @entity1 age was 35.4 years (range, 19-47 years). There were 10 femurs and 6 tibias. Average postoperative follow-up was 26.8 months (range, 12-60 months). The dropped traumatic segmental bone fragments were cleaned with 3% @entity273 , placed in separate sterile cups, and soaked in 1% iodophor for 30 minutes. Initial treatment included @entity954 , wound irrigation, in situ implantation of the dropped @entity79 , and temporary external fixation. Approximately 4 to 8 weeks later, after successful reconstruction of the soft tissue envelope, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis was performed. Mean duration of treatment was 8 weeks (range, 6-14 weeks). All @entity1 had @entity174 union at final follow-up. Mean healing time was 21.8 weeks (range, 14-48 weeks). One @entity1 did not achieve primary union and required bone grafting. One @entity1 with a Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB @entity174 had @entity281 and removal of the dropped @entity79 and bone grafting. According to the Klemm and B  rner classification, 11 @entity1 had excellent results, 3 had good results, and 2 had poor results. With adequate soft tissue coverage, this method was acceptable for the management of @entity4422 with @entity79 . [Orthopedics. 2016; 39(1):e14-e18.].

title: Reconstruction of Traumatic Bone Defect With In Situ Implantation of Dropped XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'Gustilo-Anderson type IIIA fractures']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open fractures']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects', 'traumatic segmental bone fragment']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical debridement']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious and related complications']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Segmental Bone Fragments']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 7-year-old male Boxer with a 3.5-year history of @entity56 was presented with multiple poorly circumscribed nodules and maculae of the skin and tongue, and @entity1087 . Cytologic and histopathologic examination of the @entity272 revealed @entity706 . Cells were CD3(+) and CD8(+) in flow cytometry. The CBC showed a moderate @entity491 with 16% atypical lymphocytes with irregularly cleaved nuclei. Flow cytometric phenotyping of peripheral blood showed an elevated proportion of the CD8(+) T-lymphocyte subpopulation, indicating a malignant population of T-cell origin, and the electropherogram of the PCR antigen receptor rearrangement produced a monoclonal peak for TCRy. Liver enzyme activities were markedly increased and abdominal ultrasound examination showed increased echogenicity of the liver and enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. Fine-needle aspirates of the liver confirmed infiltration with lymphocytes exhibiting the same morphology as the cells detected in skin and peripheral blood. Treatment was induced with @entity14427 , @entity11770 , and @entity229 . Partial clinical remission of the @entity272 was achieved within 10  days, and @entity1503 resolved. Despite further treatment with @entity14427 and @entity11770 , the @entity235 relapsed within one  month and was euthanized. Presence of malignant lymphocytes in skin, peripheral blood, and liver indicate a rare variant of leukemic @entity784 , equivalent of S  zary syndrome in a @entity235 . This case report describes the use of flow cytometry as a complementary tool for lymphocyte characterization of @entity272 for the first time.

title: XXXX in a Boxer.

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced mucosal membranes']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity14427 :: ('MESH:C536652', 'Disease') :: ['L-asparaginase']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['atopy and food hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions', 'skin and tongue lesions']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma - S  zary syndrome']


abstract: @entity1838 is an inhabitant of aquatic systems and one of the causative agents of severe dehydrating @entity294 in @entity1 . It has also emerged as an important cause of different kinds of @entity32 responses, and in particular, @entity1838 strains of the non-O1 non-O139 serogroups (NOVC) have been associated with such infections in @entity1 . We analyzed the potential of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from the NOVC strain V:5/04 to induce @entity32 responses in @entity1 host cells. V:5/04 OMVs were taken up by @entity1 epithelial cells and induced @entity32 responses. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene knockdown revealed that the @entity32 potential of NOVC OMVs was partially mediated by the @entity377 -binding domain-, @entity368 -rich repeat-containing family member @entity18506 . Physiochemical analysis of the content of these OMVs, in conjunction with @entity18506 and @entity6820 reporter assays in HEK293T cells, confirmed the presence of both @entity18506 and @entity6820 active peptidoglycan in the OMVs. Furthermore, we show that deletion of the quorum-sensing regulator HapR, which mimics an infective life style, specifically reduced the @entity32 potential of the V:5/04 OMVs and their ability to activate @entity18506 and @entity6820 . In conclusion, our study shows that NOVC OMVs elicit immune responses mediated by @entity18506 and @entity6820 in @entity1 host cells. Moreover, we provide evidence that the quorum-sensing machinery plays an important regulatory role in this process by attenuating the @entity32 potential of OMVs under infective conditions. This work thus identifies a new facet of how Vibrio affects host immune responses and defines a role for the quorum-sensing machinery in this process.

title: NOD-like receptor activation by outer membrane vesicles from XXXX non-O1 non-O139 strains is modulated by the quorum-sensing regulator HapR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']


abstract: Activation of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (ERSNA) increases afferent @entity8 (ARNA), leading to decreases in ERSNA by activation of the renorenal reflexes in the overall goal of maintaining low ERSNA. The renorenal reflex responses to various stimuli are impaired in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Because renal tissue density of a(2)-adrenoceptors (ARs) is increased in SHR, we examined whether the ERSNA-induced increases in ARNA are impaired in SHR and, if so, the role of a(2)-ARs. The ARNA responses to increases in ERSNA were impaired in SHR, 2390    460%  seconds, versus in @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 , 6620    1690%  seconds. Renal pelvic release of substance P was not altered by 6250 pmol/L @entity1063 (NE) in SHR but was increased by 250 pmol/L NE in @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 , from 5.7    0.7 to 12.5  1.3 pg/min. Renal pelvic administration of the a(2)-AR antagonist @entity3160 enhanced the ERSNA-induced increases in ARNA, 4170    900%  seconds, in SHR but not in @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 . In the presence of @entity3160 , 250 pmol/L NE increased substance P release, from 5.2    0.3 to 11.2    0.8 pg/min, in pelvises from SHR. Because @entity1808 suppresses the activation of renal mechanosensory nerves in SHR, we examined whether @entity9886 improved the ERSNA-induced ARNA responses. @entity9886 had no effect on the ARNA responses or the NE-induced increases in substance P in SHR. However, @entity9886 + @entity3160 resulted in further enhancement of the @entity8 to increases in ERSNA and NE in SHR but not in WKY. We conclude that increased activation of renal a(2)-ARs and @entity1808 type 1 receptors contributes to the impaired interaction between ERSNA and ARNA in SHR.

title: Impaired interaction between efferent and afferent XXXX in SHR involves increased activation of alpha2-adrenoceptors.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['rauwolscine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['responsiveness of the renal sensory nerves', 'renal nerve activity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal nerve activity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity14 often present with @entity1442 and concomitant poor prognosis. The best known serum biomarker, @entity787 ( @entity787 ) is not recommended for screening because of its limited specificity and sensitivity. A number of other circulating proteins have been suggested to be diagnostically useful but individually none of these has proved to be of sufficient sensitivity or specificity to establish a role in routine clinical practice. Here, we test the hypothesis that combining several of these biomarkers will improve diagnostic efficacy. METHODS: To select the markers for our model we screened @entity787 and 26 other candidate biomarkers. Four candidates were selected and their concentrations determined in the serum of 239 @entity1 (106 @entity14 @entity1 and 133 non- @entity5 subjects). RESULTS: Class prediction models based on @entity787 , DR-70 and sCD26 produced a modest increase in detection accuracy over @entity787 alone, particularly for early stage @entity5 . The sensitivity and specificity required for a clinically useful test was not reached. CONCLUSION: It is unlikely that a biomarker panel comprised of the currently available serum markers will generate a clinically useful diagnostic test for @entity14 . Our findings reiterate the urgent need to discover novel biomarkers for the detection of @entity14 .

title: Assessment of novel combinations of biomarkers for the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The nucleus accumbens is the most inferior part of the striatum and is mainly connected to the limbic system. It is neurochemically and immunohistochemically divided into a shell laterally and a core medially. As a functionally central structure between amygdala, basal ganglia, mesolimbic dopaminergic regions, mediodorsal thalamus and prefrontal cortex, the nucleus accumbens appears to play a modulative role in the flow of the information from the amygdaloid complex to these regions. @entity935 is a major neurotransmitter of the nucleus accumbens and this nucleus has a modulative function to the amygdala-basal ganglia-prefrontal cortex circuit. Together with the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, nucleus accumbens consists a part of the cerebral circuit which regulates functions associated with effort. It is anatomically located in a unique way to serve emotional and behavioral components of feelings. It is considered as a neural interface between motivation and action, having a key-role in food intake, sexual behavior, reward-motivated behavior, stress-related behavior and substance-dependence. It is involved in several cognitive, emotional and psychomotor functions, altered in some psychopathology. Moreover it is involved in some of the commonest and most severe @entity146 , such as @entity308 , @entity161 , @entity3119 and other @entity148 , as well as in addiction, including drugs abuse, alcoholism and smoking. Nucleus accumbens has also a role in other @entity146 such as @entity162 , @entity71 and @entity1005 . Because of its rich dopaminergic projections, this nucleus has been subject of many studies in animals as well as in @entity1 , connecting its malfunction with the disturbed reward process observed in @entity308 . Neuromodulation interventions targeting the nucleus accumbens are nowadays applied in strictly selected @entity1 suffering from @entity13217 , @entity3119 , @entity4676 and addiction to drugs or @entity285 . Specifically, bilateral and unilateral (right) deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens has been applied in obsessive-compulsive @entity1 resulting into significant improvement of their symptoms and their quality of life. Nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation has been also associated with antidepressant and anxiolytic effect, as well as quality of life improvement in @entity1 suffering from severe resistant @entity308 . Finally, this minimally invasive stereotactic procedure has been proved beneficial for all phenotypic components of the @entity4676 , with remarkable @entity353 's motor manifestations, including tics.

title: [The role of the nucleus accumbens in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of the syndrome']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['treatment-resistant depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: Repairing complicated, recurrent @entity4037 poses many challenges and frustrations for both the @entity1 and the surgeon. @entity1 with histories of multiple abdominal procedures, @entity281 , and previous @entity547 repair are at higher risk for recurrence. They must be dealt with through a more sophisticated approach than the @entity1 presenting with an initial @entity547 or even a simple recurrence. We describe our experience with 18 @entity1 using component separation technique paired with acellular porcine dermis. We specifically focus on the use of intraperitoneal biologic mesh paired with a synthetic overlay. There were no @entity547 recurrences during the follow-up period: average 14 months (range, 4-24 months, 100% follow-up). Complications included @entity2080 , wound breakdown, and @entity281 ; several of these requiring reoperation. The successful management of complicated @entity547 has been revolutionized by new synthetic and bioprosthetic meshes. However, these products, when used alone in complex @entity547 @entity1 carry a higher recurrence rate. We have found that these meshes, used in conjunction with component separation technique, have had no recurrence to date, but are prone to complications.

title: XXXX using component separation technique paired with intraperitoneal acellular porcine dermis and synthetic mesh overlay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernias']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Complex hernia repair']


abstract: AIM: To report long term efficacy and complications of retinectomy as an intraocular pressure lowering procedure for intractable @entity726 . METHODS: This was a consecutive interventional case series. In 44 consecutive eyes (39 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 ) retinectomy was performed to lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) in @entity1 with uncontrolled IOP (>35 mm Hg for more than 4 months) despite conventional filtering surgery and drug treatment. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed and the peripheral retina was surgically excised to various degrees. The procedure was concluded by an intraocular gas tamponade of 20% @entity38096 . Included were @entity1 with @entity2297 (12 eyes), @entity726 (three eyes), @entity726 due to @entity4118 (13 eyes), severe @entity2194 (seven eyes), @entity1596 (seven eyes), and @entity726 in @entity4243 (two). RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent successful surgical retinectomy. All @entity1 were followed for 5 years. Mean postoperative IOP after 4 years was 15.7 (SD 9.4) mm Hg, representing a decrease of IOP by 61% compared to the preoperative level (41.2 (9.4) mm Hg). In 52.3% of eyes long term regulation of IOP could be achieved without complications. Retinectomy was least effective in @entity2297 because of central @entity2994 (CRVO). Eyes with @entity726 secondary to @entity1596 showed a tendency towards low IOP levels with subsequent @entity1907 bulbi. The initial visual acuity of all @entity1 was lower than 20/50 (mean 1.8 (0.8) logMAR) in the treated eye. Final visual acuity was 2.3 (0.6) logMAR. 21 out of 44 cases developed @entity989 ( @entity1713 or proliferative @entity1715 (PVR)) after surgery, requiring @entity1346 tamponade in 11 eyes (52%) either for persistent low IOP or for PVR. Nine eyes developed @entity1907 , seven of which were enucleated during the follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Long term results after retinectomy demonstrate its efficacy in otherwise intractable @entity726 . Efficacy and safety of retinectomy are dependent on the underlying disease.

title: Retinectomy for treatment of intractable XXXX : long term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal complications']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'infantile and juvenile glaucoma', 'secondary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Residual/progressive @entity337 (rAR, @entity63546 ) after valve-sparing aortic root replacement (V-SARR) can lead to reoperations. We sought to characterize risk factors of mild rAR and @entity63546 after V-SARR in a multicenter cohort. The effect of additional cusp repair on valve function was analyzed using propensity matching. METHODS: A total of 1,015 @entity1 after V-SARR were identified with (n  = 288, 28%) or without additional cusp/commissure repair (n  = 727, 72%) at four cardiac units in Germany. A total of 764 @entity1 fulfilling transthoracic echocardiography follow-up-criteria comprised the study cohort. Logistic regression was used for risk factor analysis with endpoints rAR, new onset @entity1984 , and @entity63546 . t tests and analyses of variance were used for between-group differences. The effects of additional cusp repair on valve function were studied comparing propensity-matched quintiles. RESULTS: The incidence of rAR was 29%, with influencing factors @entity439 size (p  = 0.07) and preoperative @entity886 (p  = 0.08). It was found more often among nonsyndromic @entity1 (34% vs. 14%; OR, 0.4; p < 0.001). Progression of rAR was detectable in 30% after a mean of 4.3 years. The progression rate of rAR    0.3 grades per @entity1 -year within the first 5 years. When quintiles identified by propensity score were compared, additional cusp repair was linked to new onset @entity1984 (p  = 0.016) while it was not linked to rAR (p  = 0.14) or @entity63546 (p  = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: The incidences of rAR and @entity63546 are considerable after V-SARR. @entity1 should be operated on before large @entity439 are present. New onset @entity1984 after an initially good functional result is more likely after an additional cusp repair, while rAR and @entity63546 are not influenced by cusp repair.

title: Residual and Progressive XXXX After  Valve-Sparing Root Replacement: A Propensity-Matched Multi-Institutional Analysis in 764 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve function']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['Aortic Regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Residual/progressive @entity337 (rAR, @entity63546 ) after valve-sparing aortic root replacement (V-SARR) can lead to reoperations. We sought to characterize risk factors of mild rAR and @entity63546 after V-SARR in a multicenter cohort. The effect of additional cusp repair on valve function was analyzed using propensity matching. METHODS: A total of 1,015 @entity1 after V-SARR were identified with (n  = 288, 28%) or without additional cusp/commissure repair (n  = 727, 72%) at four cardiac units in Germany. A total of 764 @entity1 fulfilling transthoracic echocardiography follow-up-criteria comprised the study cohort. Logistic regression was used for risk factor analysis with endpoints rAR, new onset @entity1984 , and @entity63546 . t tests and analyses of variance were used for between-group differences. The effects of additional cusp repair on valve function were studied comparing propensity-matched quintiles. RESULTS: The incidence of rAR was 29%, with influencing factors @entity439 size (p  = 0.07) and preoperative @entity886 (p  = 0.08). It was found more often among nonsyndromic @entity1 (34% vs. 14%; OR, 0.4; p < 0.001). Progression of rAR was detectable in 30% after a mean of 4.3 years. The progression rate of rAR    0.3 grades per @entity1 -year within the first 5 years. When quintiles identified by propensity score were compared, additional cusp repair was linked to new onset @entity1984 (p  = 0.016) while it was not linked to rAR (p  = 0.14) or @entity63546 (p  = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: The incidences of rAR and @entity63546 are considerable after V-SARR. @entity1 should be operated on before large @entity439 are present. New onset @entity1984 after an initially good functional result is more likely after an additional cusp repair, while rAR and @entity63546 are not influenced by cusp repair.

title: Residual and Progressive @entity337 After  Valve-Sparing Root Replacement: A Propensity-Matched Multi-Institutional Analysis in 764 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: After 3 to 6 months of conservative management for insertional @entity730 , operative intervention might be warranted. Despite a success rate of 75% to 100% with surgery, no consensus has been reached on the amount of acceptable detachment of the Achilles tendon. The present case series reports on the results of a central splitting approach with 80% to 90% detachment of the Achilles insertion repaired with a double-row bridging suture device. A total of 14 @entity1 (16 heels) for whom nonoperative management for insertional @entity730 had previously failed were enrolled in the present study they had undergone surgical management. The @entity1 were followed up for a mean of 18 (range 11 to 25) months postoperatively and were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hind Foot scoring system, 36-item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire, and pre- and postoperative visual analog @entity158 scale. The mean visual analog @entity158 scale core had decreased 5.84 (range 1 to 9) points postoperatively (p < .001). The mean postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hind Foot score was 87      19.7 (range 52 to 105) points. One @entity1 reported moderate @entity158 with no limitation of activities. The mean 36-item Short-Form Health Survey score for physical functioning was 77.7 (range 30 to 100) points postoperatively in 11 @entity1 . No @entity1 reported incisional discomfort. All 14 @entity1 (16 heels) reported being satisfied and had returned to their previous functional status. Thus, the central splitting Achilles approach with anchoring of the Achilles insertion using the double-row suture device is a safe and reasonable option in the operative treatment of insertional @entity730 .

title: Use of a Central Splitting Approach and Near Complete Detachment  for  Insertional XXXX Repaired  With an Achilles Bridging Suture.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific Achilles tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['Calcific Achilles Tendinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the surgical treatment for cervical vertigo with @entity4720 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 in Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, who received surgical treatment for @entity4720 concomitant with cervical vertigo from 2004 to 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. The preoperative cervical curvature index (CCI), slip distance and intervertebral angle, as well as the pre-and-postoperative Cobb angle were measured. The pre-and-postoperative degree of vertigo was reported according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium standard. The therapeutic effect and mechanism for @entity1 with different imaging features and thus underwent various surgical approaches were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 40.6 months. Cervical instability was found in 33 @entity1 . 29 of 35 (82.9%) @entity1 had a satisfied recovery from cervical vertigo. The difference in Cobb angle in pre- and postoperative neutral cervical X-ray images was positively associated with the improvement for the vertigo (Pearson's test, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cervical instability may be the major cause of cervical vertigo in the context of @entity4720 . Cervical sympathetic nerves may have played an important role in the cervical vertigo. Surgery may relieve the cervical vertigo accompanying the @entity4720 .

title: [Therapeutic effect and mechanism of the surgical treatment for cervical vertigo with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity4720 :: (MESH:D055009,Disease) :: ['cervical spondylosis']


abstract: The possible role of the @entity14651 ( @entity14651 ) in @entity146 has been considered. Several animal models use knockout (KO) @entity19 that display @entity161 -like behaviors and this study evaluated the role of @entity14651 in the regulation of such behaviors. @entity19 lacking the @entity14651 (CB(2)KO) were challenged in open field, light-dark box, elevated plus-maze, tail suspension, step down inhibitory avoidance, and pre-pulse inhibition tests (PPI). Furthermore, the effects of treatment with @entity2072 and @entity1090 were evaluated using the OF and the PPI test. Gene expression of @entity935 D(2)   ( @entity9767 ), adrenergic-a(2C)   (a(2C)r), serotonergic @entity750 (2A) and @entity750 (2C) receptors ( @entity750 (2A)r and @entity750 (2C)r) were studied by RT-PCR in brain regions related to @entity161 . Deletion of @entity14651 decreased motor activity in the OF test, but enhanced response to acute @entity2072 and produced mood-related alterations, PPI deficit, and @entity73 . Chronic treatment with @entity1090 tended to impair PPI in @entity7097 @entity19 , whereas it 'normalized' the PPI deficit in CB(2)KO @entity19 . CB(2)KO @entity19 presented increased @entity9767 and a(2C)r gene expressions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and locus coeruleus (LC), decreased @entity750 (2C)r gene expression in the dorsal raphe (DR), and @entity750 (2A)r gene expression in the PFC. Chronic @entity1090 treatment in @entity7097 @entity19 left a(2C)r gene expression unchanged, decreased @entity9767 gene expression (15    g/kg), and decreased @entity750 (2C)r and @entity750 (2A)r in PFC and DR. In CB(2)KO, the gene expression of @entity9767 in the PFC, of a(2C)r in the LC, and of @entity750 (2C)r and @entity750 (2A)r in PFC was reduced; @entity750 (2C)r and @entity750 (2A)r gene expressions in DR were increased after treatment with @entity1090 . These results suggest that deletion of @entity14651 has a relation with @entity161 -like behaviors. Pharmacological manipulation of @entity14651 may merit further study as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of @entity161 .

title: Deletion of @entity14651 cannabinoid receptor induces XXXX -related behaviors in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenia-related disorders']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The possible role of the @entity14651 ( @entity14651 ) in @entity146 has been considered. Several animal models use knockout (KO) @entity19 that display @entity161 -like behaviors and this study evaluated the role of @entity14651 in the regulation of such behaviors. @entity19 lacking the @entity14651 (CB(2)KO) were challenged in open field, light-dark box, elevated plus-maze, tail suspension, step down inhibitory avoidance, and pre-pulse inhibition tests (PPI). Furthermore, the effects of treatment with @entity2072 and @entity1090 were evaluated using the OF and the PPI test. Gene expression of @entity935 D(2)   ( @entity9767 ), adrenergic-a(2C)   (a(2C)r), serotonergic @entity750 (2A) and @entity750 (2C) receptors ( @entity750 (2A)r and @entity750 (2C)r) were studied by RT-PCR in brain regions related to @entity161 . Deletion of @entity14651 decreased motor activity in the OF test, but enhanced response to acute @entity2072 and produced mood-related alterations, PPI deficit, and @entity73 . Chronic treatment with @entity1090 tended to impair PPI in @entity7097 @entity19 , whereas it 'normalized' the PPI deficit in CB(2)KO @entity19 . CB(2)KO @entity19 presented increased @entity9767 and a(2C)r gene expressions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and locus coeruleus (LC), decreased @entity750 (2C)r gene expression in the dorsal raphe (DR), and @entity750 (2A)r gene expression in the PFC. Chronic @entity1090 treatment in @entity7097 @entity19 left a(2C)r gene expression unchanged, decreased @entity9767 gene expression (15    g/kg), and decreased @entity750 (2C)r and @entity750 (2A)r in PFC and DR. In CB(2)KO, the gene expression of @entity9767 in the PFC, of a(2C)r in the LC, and of @entity750 (2C)r and @entity750 (2A)r in PFC was reduced; @entity750 (2C)r and @entity750 (2A)r gene expressions in DR were increased after treatment with @entity1090 . These results suggest that deletion of @entity14651 has a relation with @entity161 -like behaviors. Pharmacological manipulation of @entity14651 may merit further study as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of @entity161 .

title: Deletion of XXXX cannabinoid receptor induces @entity161 -related behaviors in @entity19 .

answer: @entity14651 :: (12802(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CB2']


abstract: The possible role of the @entity14651 ( @entity14651 ) in @entity146 has been considered. Several animal models use knockout (KO) @entity19 that display @entity161 -like behaviors and this study evaluated the role of @entity14651 in the regulation of such behaviors. @entity19 lacking the @entity14651 (CB(2)KO) were challenged in open field, light-dark box, elevated plus-maze, tail suspension, step down inhibitory avoidance, and pre-pulse inhibition tests (PPI). Furthermore, the effects of treatment with @entity2072 and @entity1090 were evaluated using the OF and the PPI test. Gene expression of @entity935 D(2)   ( @entity9767 ), adrenergic-a(2C)   (a(2C)r), serotonergic @entity750 (2A) and @entity750 (2C) receptors ( @entity750 (2A)r and @entity750 (2C)r) were studied by RT-PCR in brain regions related to @entity161 . Deletion of @entity14651 decreased motor activity in the OF test, but enhanced response to acute @entity2072 and produced mood-related alterations, PPI deficit, and @entity73 . Chronic treatment with @entity1090 tended to impair PPI in @entity7097 @entity19 , whereas it 'normalized' the PPI deficit in CB(2)KO @entity19 . CB(2)KO @entity19 presented increased @entity9767 and a(2C)r gene expressions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and locus coeruleus (LC), decreased @entity750 (2C)r gene expression in the dorsal raphe (DR), and @entity750 (2A)r gene expression in the PFC. Chronic @entity1090 treatment in @entity7097 @entity19 left a(2C)r gene expression unchanged, decreased @entity9767 gene expression (15    g/kg), and decreased @entity750 (2C)r and @entity750 (2A)r in PFC and DR. In CB(2)KO, the gene expression of @entity9767 in the PFC, of a(2C)r in the LC, and of @entity750 (2C)r and @entity750 (2A)r in PFC was reduced; @entity750 (2C)r and @entity750 (2A)r gene expressions in DR were increased after treatment with @entity1090 . These results suggest that deletion of @entity14651 has a relation with @entity161 -like behaviors. Pharmacological manipulation of @entity14651 may merit further study as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of @entity161 .

title: Deletion of @entity14651 cannabinoid receptor induces @entity161 -related behaviors in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gastric @entity548 is a serious complication of portal @entity101 . The optimum endoscopic treatment of @entity548 @entity2312 is yet to be defined. We evaluated the use of Beriplast, which is a solution of @entity2002 and @entity556 , in controlling @entity2312 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 presenting with @entity2312 were entered into an open trial of endoscopic gastric intravariceal injection treatment with Beriplast (fibrin sealant) and followed for up to 1 month after endoscopic treatment. RESULTS: There was failure to control @entity548 in one @entity1 . Four @entity1 had rebleeding after the index bleed. All four were reinjected with Beriplast, and the @entity548 was controlled in three. All @entity1 were followed for 30 days, and the 30-day mortality following injection treatment was one. Fourteen @entity1 were discharged from the hospital after the first episode of @entity2312 . None of the @entity1 had injection-induced complications. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that Beriplast is a safe and simple endoscopic treatment option and is very effective in controlling @entity2312 .

title: Use of fibrin glue (beriplast) in the management of @entity548 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric varices', 'gastric variceal bleeding']

answer: @entity2312 :: (MESH:D004932,Disease) :: ['gastric varices']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gastric @entity548 is a serious complication of portal @entity101 . The optimum endoscopic treatment of @entity548 @entity2312 is yet to be defined. We evaluated the use of Beriplast, which is a solution of @entity2002 and @entity556 , in controlling @entity2312 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 presenting with @entity2312 were entered into an open trial of endoscopic gastric intravariceal injection treatment with Beriplast (fibrin sealant) and followed for up to 1 month after endoscopic treatment. RESULTS: There was failure to control @entity548 in one @entity1 . Four @entity1 had rebleeding after the index bleed. All four were reinjected with Beriplast, and the @entity548 was controlled in three. All @entity1 were followed for 30 days, and the 30-day mortality following injection treatment was one. Fourteen @entity1 were discharged from the hospital after the first episode of @entity2312 . None of the @entity1 had injection-induced complications. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that Beriplast is a safe and simple endoscopic treatment option and is very effective in controlling @entity2312 .

title: Use of fibrin glue (beriplast) in the management of XXXX @entity2312 .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: AIM: This study was designed to retrospectively review our experience with the multimodality management of @entity4177 ( @entity4177 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 were treated for @entity4177 between 2000 and 2007. The clinical presentations, chemotherapy tolerance and response, surgical procedure undertaken, and complications were analysed. RESULTS: Median age of the population was 12 months (3-60 months), with a male-to-female ratio of 3.3:1. Nine @entity1 were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy incorporating @entity900 and @entity632 . Primary surgery was done in four @entity1 . Extent of hepatic resection in the operated @entity1 varied. Mixed type was the predominant histopathological diagnosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy was well tolerated with no morbidity or mortality. Five-year event-free survival (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of all the 13 @entity1 is 76.9%. All the nine @entity1 who could complete multimodality treatment are alive with no evidence of disease or complications with median follow-up of 63 months (46-122 months). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity4177 with multidisciplinary approach was well tolerated. @entity1349 and EFS of @entity1 were comparable with published studies.

title: XXXX : Analysis of treatment outcome from a tertiary care center.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['HB', 'hepatoblastomas']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['Hepatoblastoma']


abstract: Treatment with opioid medications has grown over the past decades, but has been surrounded by some ongoing controversy and debate to whether it is causing more harm than good for @entity1 . To this end, the field of @entity158 management has suffered from a lack of clarity about some basic definitions on concepts such as tolerance and @entity1931 . Some characterize these issues as inevitable parts of opioid therapy while other schools of thought look at these issues as relatively rare occurrences. Unfortunately, most of the rhetoric around these topics has occurred with very little in the realm of real world data. To this end, the authors have reviewed the charts of 197 @entity1 treated by a @entity158 specialist for at least 1 year to better illustrate whether notions of tolerance and @entity1931 are common occurrences and, more importantly, whether they occur within any type of specified timeframe. A total of 197 @entity1 charts were reviewed. The sample had an average age of 49.39 years (range = 19-87 years; standard deviation [SD] = 12.48) and comprised 66 @entity1 (33.5 percent) and 131 @entity1 (66.5 percent). The @entity1 were seen in the @entity158 practice for an average of 56.52 months (range = 12-155 months; SD = 31.26). On average, the @entity1 maintained an average daily dose of 180 mg @entity1286 equivalents for a period of 35.1 months (range = 3-101 months; SD = 21.3). Looking at the pattern of medication usage change over time, 34.5 percent experienced dose stabilization after the initial titration, 13.2 percent had early dose stabilization within one dose change, and an additional 14.7 percent actually had dose decreases after surgeries or other interventional procedures. Only 6.6 percent of the sample had to be discharged or weaned from controlled substances over time in the clinic. Thus, it appears that tolerance and @entity1931 are not foregone conclusions when considering placing a @entity1 on long-term opioid therapy.

title: Defining clinical issues around tolerance, XXXX , and addiction: a quantitative and qualitative outcome study of long-term opioid dosing in a chronic pain practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Opioid-dependent @entity1 have been shown to have structural brain alterations. This study focuses on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of brain and their correlation with the onset age and the duration of @entity4784 . METHODS: Brain MRI was obtained from 17 opioid-dependent @entity1 (mean age 34 years, SD 7 years) and 17 controls. Compulsive opioid use had begun between ages 15 and 31 (mean 20) and had continued from 5 to 26 years. All @entity1 were @entity286 smokers, six had also abused @entity889 and 11 @entity1245 . Relative volumes of cerebral white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces were measured. In addition, Sylvian fissure ratio (SFR), bifrontal ratio, and @entity76 were correlated with the onset age and the duration of @entity4784 . RESULTS: The total volume (GM + WM + CSF) of the cerebrum was significantly smaller in @entity1 than in controls (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.026) as well as the absolute volumes of GM and WM (p = 0.014 and p = 0.007, respectively). There was no significant difference in GM and WM volumes normalized with total cerebral volume. In contrast, the absolute volume of CSF did not significantly differ between the groups, but the relative volume of CSF was significantly higher in opioid dependents (p = 0.029). SFR and bifrontal ratio were larger in opioid dependents than in controls (p = 0.005 and p = 0.013). The SFR correlated negatively (p = 0.017, r = - 0.569) and the area of vermis cerebelli correlated positively (p = 0.043, r = 0.496) with the onset age of @entity4784 . The length of @entity4784 and the area of vermis cerebellum had a negative correlation (p = 0.038, r = - 0.523) even though the areas of cerebellar vermis did not significantly differ between opioid dependents and controls. The authors speculate that the onset of @entity734 in adolescence or early adulthood may have in part disturbed the late brain maturation process, as in normal development, the dorsolateral frontal cortex and superior parts of the temporal lobes are the last to maturate. Also, the cerebellar vermis may be affected by early onset @entity734 . It is possible that the brain is more vulnerable to @entity734 at a young age than later in life.

title: Cerebral measurements and their correlation with the onset age and the duration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid abuse']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['midsagittal cerebellar vermian area']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['opioid abuse']


abstract: Notch activation in aortic endothelial cells (ECs) takes place at embryonic stages during cardiac valve formation and induces endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Using aortic ECs, we show here that active Notch expression promotes EndMT, resulting in downregulation of @entity3545 ( @entity3545 ) and upregulation of mesenchymal genes such as those for fibronectin and @entity72699 . In these cells, @entity2533 exacerbates Notch effects by increasing @entity4245 and fibronectin activation. When Notch-downstream pathways were analyzed, we detected an increase in @entity9459 ( @entity9459 ) phosphorylation and inactivation that facilitates @entity4245 nuclear retention and protein stabilization. However, the total activity of @entity584 was downregulated. The discrepancy between @entity584 activity and @entity9459 phosphorylation is explained by a Notch-induced switch in the @entity584 isoforms, whereby @entity584 , the predominant isoform expressed in ECs, is decreased and @entity23698 transcription is upregulated. Mechanistically, @entity23698 induction requires the stimulation of the @entity3546 / @entity15914 transcriptional complex, which activates the @entity23698 promoter. Active, phosphorylated @entity23698 translocates to the nucleus in Notch-expressing cells, resulting in @entity9459 inactivation in this compartment. @entity23698 , but not @entity584 , colocalizes in the nucleus with lamin B in the nuclear envelope. In addition to promoting @entity9459 inactivation, Notch downregulates @entity4012 ( @entity4012 ), another @entity23698 nuclear substrate. Moreover, Notch protects ECs from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through an @entity23698 - and @entity4245 -dependent mechanism.

title: A Switch in @entity584 Isoforms Is Required for Notch-Induced XXXX Expression and Protection from Cell Death.

entities_list: @entity3545 :: ('1003', 'Gene') :: ['VE-cadherin', 'vascular endothelial cadherin']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor b1']

entities_list: @entity9459 :: ('2932', 'Gene') :: ['glycogen synthase kinase 3b', 'GSK-3b']

answer: @entity4245 :: (6615,Gene) :: ['Snail1']


abstract: Notch activation in aortic endothelial cells (ECs) takes place at embryonic stages during cardiac valve formation and induces endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Using aortic ECs, we show here that active Notch expression promotes EndMT, resulting in downregulation of @entity3545 ( @entity3545 ) and upregulation of mesenchymal genes such as those for fibronectin and @entity72699 . In these cells, @entity2533 exacerbates Notch effects by increasing @entity4245 and fibronectin activation. When Notch-downstream pathways were analyzed, we detected an increase in @entity9459 ( @entity9459 ) phosphorylation and inactivation that facilitates @entity4245 nuclear retention and protein stabilization. However, the total activity of @entity584 was downregulated. The discrepancy between @entity584 activity and @entity9459 phosphorylation is explained by a Notch-induced switch in the @entity584 isoforms, whereby @entity584 , the predominant isoform expressed in ECs, is decreased and @entity23698 transcription is upregulated. Mechanistically, @entity23698 induction requires the stimulation of the @entity3546 / @entity15914 transcriptional complex, which activates the @entity23698 promoter. Active, phosphorylated @entity23698 translocates to the nucleus in Notch-expressing cells, resulting in @entity9459 inactivation in this compartment. @entity23698 , but not @entity584 , colocalizes in the nucleus with lamin B in the nuclear envelope. In addition to promoting @entity9459 inactivation, Notch downregulates @entity4012 ( @entity4012 ), another @entity23698 nuclear substrate. Moreover, Notch protects ECs from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through an @entity23698 - and @entity4245 -dependent mechanism.

title: A Switch in XXXX Isoforms Is Required for Notch-Induced @entity4245 Expression and Protection from Cell Death.

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity23905 is a mode of administration that provides greater security by allowing more accurate titration of the anesthetic agent. It leads to a better adaptation to the desired effects, and provide a great interest for the realization of anesthetic induction and the prediction of waking for a well- determined population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our prospective study was to evaluate the feasibility of @entity23905 in @entity1 with @entity5845 undergoing laparoscopic surgery for @entity28 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 were included in this study. Age and BMI means were 32 years and 49.31 kg / m2. Our protocol was proposed to associate an hypnotic agent ( @entity1875 ) to an opioid one ( @entity1937 ) using the technique of the @entity23905 , with respectively Schnider and Minto models. RESULTS: The induction protocol has brought good conditions for laryngoscopy with no @entity101 peak or desaturation episode. The period of unconsciousness was 89 seconds with an average target concentration of @entity1875 of 5.1 mg / ml. We also noted hemodynamic stability in 79% of @entity1 at induction. During both preparation phase and final installation of the @entity1 , a low ERC to 2 hg / ml was consistent with a suitable hemodynami profile. We obtained hemodynamic stability by adapting target concentration of @entity1937 at different operating times ( @entity954 : 3.64 hg / ml, insufflation of the peritoneum: 5.37 hg / ml, jejuno-jejunal resection @entity254 : 9 hg / ml, gastric resection and gastrojejunal @entity254 : 14.2 hg / ml). During this period, no episodes of @entity1168 or @entity551 were noticed. During the recovery phase and while doing the distribution of CEP and CER according to the BMI of @entity1 , we identified two groups: Group 1 (BMI <49 kg / m2): fast time extubation (11 min) and target concentrations of @entity1875 and @entity1937 respectively at 1.3 mg / ml and 1.25 hg / ml which is similar to most publications on this subject and Group 2 (BMI> 49 kg / m2): time-delayed extubation (23 min) with very low values of CEP and CER inconsistent with the literature data.

title: [Target-controlled intravenous anesthesia during laparoscopic surgery for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Behavioral multimodal therapeutic approaches have proven effective in the treatment of @entity9054 . Yet there are hardly any findings regarding the effectiveness of outpatient treatment approaches. This article introduces an intensive behavioral therapeutic program for the reduction of @entity146 (VIA - Verhaltenstherapeutisches Intensivprogramm zur Reduktion @entity146 ). VIA combines a intensive outpatient group program for @entity1 , aged 8 to 14 years, with accompanying parent training. This study investigates the effectiveness of the VIA approach in reducing aggressive and comorbid symptoms. Furthermore, it pursues the question of the differential therapy effectiveness. METHODS: We evaluated the treatment program within the framework of a waitlist-group study design. Pre-post changes and predictors of treatment efficacy were assessed via multivariate analyses of variance and a linear regression model, respectively. RESULTS: A group of 36 @entity1 and their caregivers took part in the study. The between-groups comparison revealed a significantly greater reduction of @entity146 and co-morbid symptoms of @entity71 in the intervention group (IG, n = 18) compared to the @entity1585 ( @entity1585 , n = 18). In addition, age and degree of dissocial-aggressive behavioral symptoms were identified as crucial predictors. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the VIA intensive therapeutic treatment program is effective in @entity146 and comorbid @entity71 symptoms in @entity1 with @entity9054 .

title: [VIA--an intensive therapeutic treatment program for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviors', 'oppositional behavior problems', 'von Aggression', 'reducing aggressive behaviour']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduct disorder', 'conduct disorders']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['waitlist group', 'WG']

answer: @entity9054 :: (MESH:D019955,Disease) :: ['conduct disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity75 of the caudal portion of the subscapularis (SSC) tendon are rare and have not been subject of major attention in the literature yet. However, these lesions can lead to @entity73 of shoulder function. The purpose of the present study was to raise clinician's awareness for these "hidden lesions" and to present the crucial steps for diagnosis and management. METHODS: Five @entity1 (three @entity1 , two @entity1 ; mean age 40) with traumatic isolated caudal SSC lesion were enrolled in the present study. After clinical and radiological examination, all @entity1 underwent diagnostic arthroscopy and open inferior SSC repair. The results of the clinical and radiological examination were documented along with the intraoperative findings. Post-operative @entity158 level and shoulder function were assessed. RESULTS: In all @entity1 the SSC lesion could be detected clinically. In two @entity1 the caudal SSC tear was diagnosed delayed after initial conservative treatment. Preoperatively, all @entity1 showed restricted active movement of the shoulder with positive clinical tests for the SSC. All SSC lesions could be detected on MR images and identified arthroscopically. After a mean follow-up of 12  months, all clinical SSC tests were negative, and the @entity1 have almost regained preinjury shoulder function. The mean post-operative @entity158 score (VAS) was 1 (range 0-1), and the mean ASES score was 93.3 (range 91.6-95). CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic visualization of the SSC tendon is incomplete rendering caudal SSC tears difficult to detect and easy to overlook. Clinicians' awareness of this pathology along with accurate clinical and radiological examination leads to the correct diagnosis. Open caudal SSC repair provides @entity158 relief and reliable shoulder function after short-term follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: XXXX of the lower subscapularis tendon: diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Isolated lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['tremendous impairment']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Isolated lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is a current promising intervention in @entity64 rehabilitation, but more research is warranted for examining its efficacy and the dose-benefit relation. The authors investigated the effects of higher intensity versus lower intensity @entity34 on movements of forearm pronation-supination and wrist flexion-extension relative to conventional rehabilitation (CR) in @entity1 poststroke for a mean of 21 months. METHODS: In this pilot study, 18 @entity1 with initial mean Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) of 37 to 44 for the upper extremity were randomized to higher intensity @entity34 , lower intensity @entity34 , or CR intervention for 4 weeks. The dose of the higher intensity @entity34 was twice the number of repetitions in the lower intensity @entity34 . Outcome measures at pretreatment and posttreatment were administered to @entity1 to evaluate beneficial and adverse effects of interventions. Primary outcomes were the FMA and Medical Research Council scale. RESULTS: There were significant differences in motor function (P = .04) and daily performance (P = .03) among the 3 groups. The higher intensity @entity34 group showed better improvement in motor function, muscle strength, performance of daily activities, and bimanual ability than the other 2 groups. The intensive @entity34 intervention did not induce higher levels of an oxidative DNA biomarker. CONCLUSIONS: Higher intensity of @entity34 that assists forearm and wrist movements may lead to greater improvement in motor ability and functional performance in @entity64 @entity1 . A sample size of only 20 to 25 in each arm of a larger randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm the findings for similar subjects.

title: Effects of treatment intensity in upper limb robot-assisted therapy for XXXX : a pilot randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Robot-assisted therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke']


abstract: Local cutaneous heating produces vasodilation that is largely @entity842 (NO) dependent. We showed that @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) attenuates this by an @entity2178 receptor, type 1 ( @entity7743 )-dependent mechanism that is reversible with the antioxidant ascorbate, indicating oxidative stress. Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) produced by @entity2178 employ @entity1110 and @entity3624 oxidase pathways. To determine whether these mechanisms pertain to skin, we measured cutaneous local heating with 10  M @entity2178 , using @entity12824 to inhibit @entity1110 oxidase and @entity208 to inhibit @entity3624 oxidase. We also inhibited @entity224 with @entity11933 , and @entity274 with ebselen. We heated the skin of the @entity291 in 8 healthy volunteers (24.5-29.9 yr old) to 42  C and measured local blood flow to assess the percentage of maximum cutaneous vascular conductance. We remeasured while perfusing @entity208 , @entity12824 , @entity30572 , and @entity11933 through individual microdialysis catheters. This was then repeated with @entity2178 combined with antioxidant drugs. @entity11933 and @entity12824 alone had no effect on the heat response. @entity208 enhanced the entire response (125% of heat alone), while ebselen suppressed the heat plateau (76% of heat alone). @entity2178 alone caused significant attenuation of the entire heat response (52%). When added to @entity2178 , @entity208 partially reversed the @entity2178 attenuation. Heat with ebselen and @entity2178 were similar to heat and @entity2178 ; ebselen only partially reversed the @entity2178 attenuation. @entity12824 and @entity11933 each partially reversed the attenuation caused by @entity2178 . This suggests that ROS, produced by @entity2178 via @entity1110 and @entity3624 oxidase pathways, modulates the response of skin to the application of heat, and thus contributes to the control of local cutaneous blood flow.

title: Reactive XXXX species (ROS) from @entity1110 and @entity3624 oxidase modulate the cutaneous local heating response in healthy humans.

entities_list: @entity12824 :: ('MESH:C056165', 'Chemical') :: ['apocynin', 'Apocynin']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['ANG II', 'angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Local cutaneous heating produces vasodilation that is largely @entity842 (NO) dependent. We showed that @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) attenuates this by an @entity2178 receptor, type 1 ( @entity7743 )-dependent mechanism that is reversible with the antioxidant ascorbate, indicating oxidative stress. Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) produced by @entity2178 employ @entity1110 and @entity3624 oxidase pathways. To determine whether these mechanisms pertain to skin, we measured cutaneous local heating with 10  M @entity2178 , using @entity12824 to inhibit @entity1110 oxidase and @entity208 to inhibit @entity3624 oxidase. We also inhibited @entity224 with @entity11933 , and @entity274 with ebselen. We heated the skin of the @entity291 in 8 healthy volunteers (24.5-29.9 yr old) to 42  C and measured local blood flow to assess the percentage of maximum cutaneous vascular conductance. We remeasured while perfusing @entity208 , @entity12824 , @entity30572 , and @entity11933 through individual microdialysis catheters. This was then repeated with @entity2178 combined with antioxidant drugs. @entity11933 and @entity12824 alone had no effect on the heat response. @entity208 enhanced the entire response (125% of heat alone), while ebselen suppressed the heat plateau (76% of heat alone). @entity2178 alone caused significant attenuation of the entire heat response (52%). When added to @entity2178 , @entity208 partially reversed the @entity2178 attenuation. Heat with ebselen and @entity2178 were similar to heat and @entity2178 ; ebselen only partially reversed the @entity2178 attenuation. @entity12824 and @entity11933 each partially reversed the attenuation caused by @entity2178 . This suggests that ROS, produced by @entity2178 via @entity1110 and @entity3624 oxidase pathways, modulates the response of skin to the application of heat, and thus contributes to the control of local cutaneous blood flow.

title: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) from @entity1110 and XXXX oxidase modulate the cutaneous local heating response in healthy humans.

answer: @entity3624 :: (MESH:D019820,Chemical) :: ['xanthine']


abstract: Local cutaneous heating produces vasodilation that is largely @entity842 (NO) dependent. We showed that @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) attenuates this by an @entity2178 receptor, type 1 ( @entity7743 )-dependent mechanism that is reversible with the antioxidant ascorbate, indicating oxidative stress. Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) produced by @entity2178 employ @entity1110 and @entity3624 oxidase pathways. To determine whether these mechanisms pertain to skin, we measured cutaneous local heating with 10  M @entity2178 , using @entity12824 to inhibit @entity1110 oxidase and @entity208 to inhibit @entity3624 oxidase. We also inhibited @entity224 with @entity11933 , and @entity274 with ebselen. We heated the skin of the @entity291 in 8 healthy volunteers (24.5-29.9 yr old) to 42  C and measured local blood flow to assess the percentage of maximum cutaneous vascular conductance. We remeasured while perfusing @entity208 , @entity12824 , @entity30572 , and @entity11933 through individual microdialysis catheters. This was then repeated with @entity2178 combined with antioxidant drugs. @entity11933 and @entity12824 alone had no effect on the heat response. @entity208 enhanced the entire response (125% of heat alone), while ebselen suppressed the heat plateau (76% of heat alone). @entity2178 alone caused significant attenuation of the entire heat response (52%). When added to @entity2178 , @entity208 partially reversed the @entity2178 attenuation. Heat with ebselen and @entity2178 were similar to heat and @entity2178 ; ebselen only partially reversed the @entity2178 attenuation. @entity12824 and @entity11933 each partially reversed the attenuation caused by @entity2178 . This suggests that ROS, produced by @entity2178 via @entity1110 and @entity3624 oxidase pathways, modulates the response of skin to the application of heat, and thus contributes to the control of local cutaneous blood flow.

title: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) from XXXX and @entity3624 oxidase modulate the cutaneous local heating response in healthy humans.

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: We have retrospectively investigated clinical profile, efficacy, and safety in 41 @entity1 who were treated with liposomal @entity2379 ( @entity19095 ) in Aichi Medical University Hospital between January 2008 and June 2009. It turned out that @entity19095 was used for severe @entity166 and 31.7% cases discontinued @entity19095 therapy because of @entity204 . @entity19095 was administered as the second-line therapy in 56.1% (23/41), and was not effective in 48.8% (20/41). @entity19095 was administered as the first-line therapy in 43.9% (18/41); (1) 1 for @entity281 , (2) 7 for severe @entity295 or @entity326 , (3) 2 for the case which cannot remove medical device and might have biofilm formation, (4) 6 for the induction of step-down therapy concept, (5) 2 for febrile @entity1398 @entity1 who have needed aggressive empiric therapy. There was no significant difference in serum @entity972 level (p = 0.10) and serum @entity1011 level (p = 0.05) between pretreatment and posttreatment with @entity19095 . The serum @entity1011 level before initial treatment with @entity19095 was 1.31 +/- 1.30 mg/dL. The @entity1 for 7.3% (3 cases) had dialyzed before initial treatment with @entity19095 , however, there was no case who need dialysis after administration of @entity19095 . As for the highest @entity1011 level in @entity19095 administered cases, 29.3% (12/41) and 24.4% (10/41) were normal to abnormal, and abnormal to abnormal, respectively. This is the first investigational report when the serum @entity1011 level before initial administration of @entity11930 had been abnormal. The other antimicrobial agents, which might have influenced renal function, were administered to 51.2% cases (21/41). That means the cases administered @entity19095 might have other @entity2348 . As for the serum @entity1011 level, we observed the changing cases and the cases which did not cause the change at all regardless of the administering period of @entity11930 . The serum @entity972 level before initial administration of @entity19095 was 4.1 +/- 0.8 mEq/L, concomitant use of @entity1483 etc. was 31.7% (13/41), the lowest serum @entity972 level was 3.4 +/- 0.9 (1.9-6.2)mEq/L in during using @entity19095 , the serum @entity972 was 34.1% (14/41) in replenish @entity972 during administration of @entity19095 , and the total replenished @entity972 was 131.25 mEq. We did not observe the case who had died because of the low @entity972 . Since @entity19095 was the only fungicidal drug, when we use @entity19095 for the serious @entity166 to make the best use of the characteristic, we have to pay attention to the concomitant medication, renal function and the serum @entity972 level.

title: [Retrospective investigation on the cases treated with liposomal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cryptotoccal infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although atrial high rate episodes (AHRE) have been commonly used to detect @entity4710 ( @entity1129 /AF) in pacemaker @entity1 , its reliability and characteristics are unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: 39 @entity1 with implanted dual chamber pacemakers (mean age 79.7    6.6 years), who had no history of @entity1129 /AF and were programmed in the setting of AHRE at > 190 beats/min in DDD mode, were studied. An @entity955 ( @entity955 ) algorithm was randomly programmed "ON" in 19 and "OFF" in 20 @entity1 . AHRE were detected in 20 @entity1 (51%), consisting of @entity1129 /AF in 15 and repetitive non-reentrant ventriculoatrial synchrony (RNRVAS) in 8 @entity1 , all included in the @entity955 "ON" group. A total of 257 of 1,528 episodes of AHRE were available for analysis, including 181 and 76 episodes in the @entity955 "ON" and "OFF" groups, respectively. Among 181 episodes in the @entity955 "ON" group, 72 (40%) were RNRVAS, whereas all episodes in the @entity955 "OFF" group (100%) were @entity1129 /AF. Detection of RNRVAS was closely associated with a high cumulative % atrial pacing. The specificity of @entity1129 /AF detection by AHRE was 40% when the @entity955 algorithm was activated, vs. 100% when not in use. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1129 /AF was common in pacemaker @entity1 without a history of @entity1129 /AF. The increase in cumulative % atrial pacing and the use of an @entity955 algorithm might be closely associated with RNRVAS, non- @entity1129 /AF, detected by AHRE.

title: Reliability and characteristics of XXXX in dual chamber pacemakers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial overdrive pacing', 'AOP']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias detection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The mature results of the neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy arms of the nonrandomized, phase 2 Yale University @entity900 , @entity1732 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 protocol are presented. METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 were prospectively accrued with a median follow-up of 5.4 years, and standard parameters of @entity137 and efficacy were studied. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were applied. RESULTS: The 5-year disease-free survival of 78% for the 25 @entity1 in the adjuvant group, of which 80% had high-risk features including positive margins, parametria, and lymph nodes and 28% had @entity420 , was comparable to recent relevant literature. Only 64% of @entity1 in this group received consolidation radiation therapy, which did not impact on survival. Only 12% of @entity1 recurred distantly. Notably, those who received 4 months or more of chemotherapy had prolonged survival (P = 0.012). In the neoadjuvant group, chemotherapy response rate among 42 @entity1 (with stages 1B-IIIB @entity5 ) was 79% (50% partial response, 29% complete response), and no @entity1 progressed. In the subgroup of 22 @entity1 who underwent surgery after chemotherapy, 59% had nonsquamous histology. Forty-five percent of @entity1 with stage IIB @entity5 were deemed operable after chemotherapy. Ninety-five percent received postoperative radiation therapy. There was a 9% pathologic complete response rate, with positive lymph nodes found in 27%. Notably, those who received 3 months or less of chemotherapy had improved overall survival (P = 0.030). Survival rates of these 22 @entity1 at 3 and 5 years were 73% and 63%, respectively. Although not randomized, these survival rates were similar to those achieved with chemoradiation. CONCLUSIONS: Although there are several logistical/design features of the @entity900 , @entity1732 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 regimen that are not in line with the current chemotherapy era, our experience with this well-tolerated regimen can serve as a proof of principle. Our data suggests that both neoadjuvant and adjuvant @entity900 -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy may have their place. It also raises the possibility that the optimal duration of chemotherapy in adjuvant cases should be longer than in neoadjuvant cases.

title: Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy of cervical XXXX : mature results of the phase 2 PBM-PFU protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess how enhanced postdischarge telephone follow-up calls would improve case finding for @entity281 ( @entity281 ) surveillance after cesarean section. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of all @entity1 who delivered by cesarean section between April 22 and August 22, 2010. In addition to our routine surveillance, using clinical databases and electronic @entity1 records, we also made follow-up calls to the @entity1 at 7, 14, and 30 days postoperation. A standard questionnaire with questions about symptoms of @entity281 , health-seeking behaviors, and treatment received was administered. Descriptive statistics and univariate analysis were performed to assess the effect of the enhanced surveillance. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-three @entity1 underwent cesarean section during this study period. Standard surveillance identified 14 infections with telephone follow-ups identifying an additional 5 infections. Using the call as a gold standard, the sensitivity of the standard methodology to capture @entity281 was 73.3%. The duration of the calls ranged from 1 to 5 minutes and were well received by the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that follow-up telephone calls to @entity1 following cesarean section identifies 26.3% of the total SSIs. Enhanced surveillance can provide more informed data to enhance performance and avoid underestimation of rates.

title: Postdischarge surveillance for XXXX following cesarean section: A prospective cohort study comparing methodologies.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The vagus nerve is dominated by afferent fibers that convey sensory information from the viscera to the brain. Most vagal afferents are unmyelinated, slow-conducting C-fibers, while a smaller portion are myelinated, fast-conducting A-fibers. Vagal afferents terminate in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the dorsal brainstem and regulate autonomic and respiratory reflexes, as well as ascending pathways throughout the brain. Vagal afferents form glutamatergic excitatory synapses with postsynaptic NTS neurons that are modulated by a variety of channels. The organization of vagal afferents with regard to fiber type and channels is not well understood. In the present study, we used tract tracing methods to identify distinct populations of vagal afferents to determine if key channels are selectively localized to specific groups of afferent fibers. Vagal afferents were labeled with isolectin B4 (IB4) or cholera toxin B ( @entity34981 ) to detect unmyelinated and myelinated afferents, respectively. We find that @entity5510 channels are preferentially found in unmyelinated vagal afferents identified with IB4, with almost half of all IB4 fibers showing co-localization with @entity5510 . These results agree with prior electrophysiological findings. In contrast, we found that the @entity855 -sensitive channel @entity22752 is found in a subset of both myelinated and unmyelinated vagal afferent fibers. Specifically, 18% of IB4 and 23% of @entity34981 afferents contained @entity22752 . The majority of @entity34981 -ir vagal afferents contained neither channel. Since neither channel was found in all vagal afferents, there are likely further degrees of heterogeneity in the modulation of vagal afferent sensory input to the NTS beyond fiber type.

title: Localization of XXXX and @entity22752 in unmyelinated and myelinated vagal afferents in the rat.

answer: @entity5510 :: (83810(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TRPV1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The vagus nerve is dominated by afferent fibers that convey sensory information from the viscera to the brain. Most vagal afferents are unmyelinated, slow-conducting C-fibers, while a smaller portion are myelinated, fast-conducting A-fibers. Vagal afferents terminate in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the dorsal brainstem and regulate autonomic and respiratory reflexes, as well as ascending pathways throughout the brain. Vagal afferents form glutamatergic excitatory synapses with postsynaptic NTS neurons that are modulated by a variety of channels. The organization of vagal afferents with regard to fiber type and channels is not well understood. In the present study, we used tract tracing methods to identify distinct populations of vagal afferents to determine if key channels are selectively localized to specific groups of afferent fibers. Vagal afferents were labeled with isolectin B4 (IB4) or cholera toxin B ( @entity34981 ) to detect unmyelinated and myelinated afferents, respectively. We find that @entity5510 channels are preferentially found in unmyelinated vagal afferents identified with IB4, with almost half of all IB4 fibers showing co-localization with @entity5510 . These results agree with prior electrophysiological findings. In contrast, we found that the @entity855 -sensitive channel @entity22752 is found in a subset of both myelinated and unmyelinated vagal afferent fibers. Specifically, 18% of IB4 and 23% of @entity34981 afferents contained @entity22752 . The majority of @entity34981 -ir vagal afferents contained neither channel. Since neither channel was found in all vagal afferents, there are likely further degrees of heterogeneity in the modulation of vagal afferent sensory input to the NTS beyond fiber type.

title: Localization of @entity5510 and XXXX in unmyelinated and myelinated vagal afferents in the rat.

answer: @entity22752 :: (81739(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['P2X3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Virulence of Shigella is attributed to the genes presence in chromosome or in the megaplasmid. The apy gene which is located in the megaplasmid of Shigella species encodes for apyrase enzyme, a pathogenesis-associated enzyme causing @entity2383 and host cell death. In this study we constructed an apy mutant of @entity14341 by insertional activation using a @entity7913 resistant gene cassette. The wild type apy gene of @entity18815 was PCR amplified, cloned and mutated with insertion of @entity7913 resistant gene cassette (aphA). The mutated construct (apy: aphA) was subcloned into a conjugative suicidal vector (pWM91) at the unique Sma1 and Sac1 sites. The mutation of the wild apy gene in the construct was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The mutated construct was introduced into wild type @entity18815 by conjugation with @entity526 . After undergoing homologous recombination, the wild apy gene was deleted from the construct using the @entity969 selection method. Non-functional activity of the apyrase enzyme in the constructed strain by colorimetric test indicated the successful mutation of the apyrase enzyme. This strain with mutated apy gene was evaluated for its protective efficacy using the @entity840 @entity9849 model. The strain was Sereny negative and it elicited a significant protection following challenge with wild @entity14341 . This apy mutant strain will form a base for the development of a vaccine target for @entity6835 .

title: Alteration in apyrase enzyme attenuated virulence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6835 :: ('MESH:D004405', 'Disease') :: ['shigellosis']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity14341 :: ('623', 'Species') :: ['S.  flexneri strain', 'Shigella flexneri']

entities_list: @entity18815 :: ('42897', 'Species') :: ['S. flexneri 2a', 'S.  flexneri 2a']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity14341 :: (623,Species) :: ['Shigella flexneri']