abstract: We reviewed our experience over the past 12 years to determine the best method of management, to determine the morbidity and the physiologic outcome of medical vs surgical treatment of pneumothorax complicating @entity1577 , and to assess the influence of age, sex, and Shwachman scores on survival. Sixty-five @entity1 , ages ranging from 5 to 32 years (mean 18 years). Shwachman scores ranging from 25 to 87 (mean 57), and a male-female ratio of 1:1, experienced 170 pneumothoraces, 93 first episodes, and 77 recurrences, requiring 211 trials of management. All methods of management except needle aspiration resulted in a fair rate of resolution (70 to 100%), but recurrence rates were high for observation (60%), needle aspiration (79%), trocar thoracotomy (63%), @entity803 @entity1463 (86%), and @entity7292 @entity1463 (43%). The recurrence rates were 12.5% for @entity3543 @entity1463 and 0% for parietal pleurectomy. @entity3543 @entity1463 and parietal pleurectomy were the most effective methods of management. There was no significant difference in pulmonary function before pneumothorax and after @entity456 or parietal pleurectomy. Age, sex, and severity of @entity358 were all independent variables influencing prognosis. Severity of disease, rather than the occurrence of a pneumothorax, appears to be the major cause of @entity204 . We recommend that @entity3543 @entity1463 should be considered for management of the first pneumothorax, and parietal pleurectomy if it fails.

title: Pneumothorax in XXXX : management and outcome.

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['quinacrine', 'Quinacrine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural sclerosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a diagnostic setup with classification rules for combined analysis of morphology [ @entity2788 ( @entity2788 )] and function [frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry] measurements. METHODS: We used 2 independent case-control studies from the Erlangen eye department as learning and test data for automated classification using random forests. One eye of 334 open @entity726 @entity1 and 254 controls entered the study. All individuals underwent @entity2788 scanning tomography of the optic disc, FDT screening, conventional perimetry, and evaluation of fundus photographs. Random forests were learned on individuals of the @entity726 registry (102 preperimetric @entity1 , 130 perimetric @entity1 , 161 controls). The classification performances of random forests and built-in classifiers were examined by receiver operator characteristic analysis on an independent second cohort of individuals (47 preperimetric @entity1 , 55 perimetric @entity1 , 93 controls). RESULTS: @entity2788 measurements had a higher diagnostic power for @entity726 and FDT perimetry for @entity726 @entity1 with @entity227 . A combination of all parameters using automated classification was superior to single tests in comparison to the diagnostic instrument with the higher diagnostic power in the respective group. Highest sensitivities at a fixed specificity (95%) in the @entity1 of the present test population were: @entity2788 =32%, FDT=19%, combined analysis=47% in preperimetric @entity1 and @entity2788 =76%, FDT=89%, combined analysis=96% in perimetric @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of machine learning for medical diagnostic assistance could be demonstrated in @entity1 from 2 independent study populations. A predictive model using automated classification is able to combine the advantages of morphology and function, resulting in a higher diagnostic power for @entity726 detection.

title: Combined evaluation of frequency doubling technology perimetry and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy for XXXX detection using automated classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['Heidelberg Retina Tomograph', 'HRT']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'angle glaucoma', 'Erlangen glaucoma', 'early glaucomas']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in the adjunctive treatment of medically diagnosed @entity1538 and to compare the difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects between 180-degree and 360-degree SLT. METHODS: This study is a retrospective consecutive chart review of @entity1538 @entity1 who had undergone first-time SLT from January of 2005 to July of 2007. All the @entity1 had primary @entity1538 or @entity9998 under medical treatment and followed for at least 3 months after the procedure. The IOP reduction and treatment success were compared with the 2 treatment types. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 underwent 180-degree SLT (35 eyes) and 25 @entity1 underwent 360-degree SLT (34 eyes). The average follow-up was 19.5 months (range 3 to 36) for 180-degree group and 17.9 months (range 3 to 36) for 360-degree group. During the follow-up period, the 360-degree SLT group showed significantly lower posttreatment IOP at each follow-up point relative to pretreatment IOP, and its IOP reduction rate stayed statistically higher than the 180-degree group. We found a positive correlation between the pretreatment IOP and the IOP reduction rate for 360-degree SLT. The lower the pretreatment IOP was, the lower IOP reduction rate became. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed higher success rates after 360-degree SLT than after 180-degree SLT. CONCLUSIONS: The 360-degree SLT was shown to be more effective than180-degree SLT for intermediateterm reduction in IOP of Japanese @entity1 with @entity1538 as an adjunctive treatment protocol.

title: Clinical results of selective laser trabeculoplasty in XXXX in Japanese eyes: comparison of 180 degree with 360 degree SLT.

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoexfoliation glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: There is evidence for the idea that there is biological (active) control of body weight at a given set point. Body weight is the product of genetic effects (DNA), epigenetic effects (heritable traits that do not involve changes in DNA), and the environment. Regulation of body weight is asymmetric, being more effective in response to @entity353 than to @entity1017 . However, regulation may be lost or camouflaged by Western diets, suggesting that the failure of biological control is due mainly to external factors. In this situation, the body's 'set point' (i.e., a constant 'body-inherent' weight regulated by a proportional feedback control system) is replaced by various 'settling points' that are influenced by energy and macronutrient intake in order for the body to achieve a zero energy balance. In a world of abundance, a prudent lifestyle and thus cognitive control are preconditions of effective biological control and a stable body weight. This idea also impacts future genetic research on body weight regulation. Searching for the genetic background of excess @entity1017 in a world of abundance is misleading since the possible biological control is widely overshadowed by the effect of the environment. In regard to clinical practice, dietary approaches to both @entity353 and @entity1017 have to be reconsidered. In underweight @entity1 (e.g., @entity1 with @entity1278 ), @entity1017 is supported by biological mechanisms that may or may not be suppressed by hyperalimentation. To overcome @entity353 -induced counter-regulation in the overweight, biological signals have to be taken into account. Computational modeling of weight changes based on metabolic flux and its regulation will provide future strategies for clinical nutrition.

title: Is there evidence for a set point that regulates XXXX body weight?

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic (SD-OCT) features of inflammatory @entity1940 membranes (iCNV) in multifocal @entity3193 and punctate inner choroidopathy, and to compare them to those of the acute inflammatory lesions in the same underlying diseases. This is a retrospective, consecutive, observational case series. METHODS: Each @entity1 underwent a comprehensive eye examination, fundus photography, and @entity941 angiography (FA) on the initial visit. SD-OCT features of iCNV were reviewed at presentation and 4  weeks later, and were compared to SD-OCT features of the inflammatory lesions. There were ten eyes with iCNV and eight eyes with the acute lesions of @entity6519 . RESULTS: All iCNV had a sub-retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) component and a subretinal or retinal component that infiltrated the outer retinal layers to different extents. All iCNV had associated fluid exudation, and all showed RPE and inner segment/outer segment junction layer (IS/ @entity3012 ) disruption. On the other hand, approximately half of the inflammatory lesions were confined between Bruch's membrane and RPE; the rest showed infiltration into the outer retinal layers in a pattern similar to iCNV, with no fluid exudation but with associated @entity3193 . In most of them, disruption of RPE and IS/ @entity3012 was also noted. CONCLUSIONS: The acute lesions of @entity6519 can be difficult to distinguish from iCNV based on clinical examination and FA. However, iCNV demonstrate characteristic SD-OCT features not seen with the inflammatory lesions. These findings may help to differentiate these two entities that typically require different treatments.

title: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic features of XXXX membranes in multifocal @entity3193 and punctate inner choroidopathy.

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascular']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal hyperreflectivity', 'choroiditis']

entities_list: @entity6519 :: ('MESH:D002825', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinitis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1940 :: (MESH:D020256,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascular']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic (SD-OCT) features of inflammatory @entity1940 membranes (iCNV) in multifocal @entity3193 and punctate inner choroidopathy, and to compare them to those of the acute inflammatory lesions in the same underlying diseases. This is a retrospective, consecutive, observational case series. METHODS: Each @entity1 underwent a comprehensive eye examination, fundus photography, and @entity941 angiography (FA) on the initial visit. SD-OCT features of iCNV were reviewed at presentation and 4  weeks later, and were compared to SD-OCT features of the inflammatory lesions. There were ten eyes with iCNV and eight eyes with the acute lesions of @entity6519 . RESULTS: All iCNV had a sub-retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) component and a subretinal or retinal component that infiltrated the outer retinal layers to different extents. All iCNV had associated fluid exudation, and all showed RPE and inner segment/outer segment junction layer (IS/ @entity3012 ) disruption. On the other hand, approximately half of the inflammatory lesions were confined between Bruch's membrane and RPE; the rest showed infiltration into the outer retinal layers in a pattern similar to iCNV, with no fluid exudation but with associated @entity3193 . In most of them, disruption of RPE and IS/ @entity3012 was also noted. CONCLUSIONS: The acute lesions of @entity6519 can be difficult to distinguish from iCNV based on clinical examination and FA. However, iCNV demonstrate characteristic SD-OCT features not seen with the inflammatory lesions. These findings may help to differentiate these two entities that typically require different treatments.

title: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic features of @entity1940 membranes in multifocal XXXX and punctate inner choroidopathy.

answer: @entity3193 :: (MESH:D015862,Disease) :: ['choroiditis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Arthroscopic excision of the @entity1184 dorsal synovium is performed on @entity1 with dorsal wrist @entity158 in @entity3579 . Although dorsal wrist impingement has been described in cadaveric studies, to our knowledge, there is no published clinical data on its treatment with arthroscopic synovial excision. Herein, we present the results of arthroscopic management of this condition in our hospital. METHOD: A total of 13 @entity1 underwent arthroscopic excision of the @entity1184 dorsal impinging synovium. All @entity1 presented with the cardinal symptom of dorsal-radial wrist @entity158 in extreme extension. The diagnoses were made after excluding other causes and confirmed on wrist arthroscopy. Arthroscopy was offered after nonoperative measures failed. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 14 (range 6-31) months. RESULTS: Mean pre- and postoperative quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores were 49 (range 34-82) and 17 (range 0-48), respectively; paired t-test revealed a significant difference between the two (p < 0.001). Mean postoperative flexion-extension arc and radial-ulnar deviation arc were 120   and 46  , respectively. Postoperatively, one @entity1 developed @entity158 , with tethering of the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve, which required surgical release, while another @entity1 required revision arthroscopic excision of the impinging tissue. Both @entity1 had good postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSION: When treating @entity1 with dorsal wrist @entity158 , dorsal wrist impingement caused by @entity1184 should be included in the differential diagnosis. Arthroscopic excision of the impinging synovium can achieve reliable @entity158 relief with significant functional improvement in the short term, although further research on its long-term benefits is required.

title: Short-term result of arthroscopic synovial excision for dorsal wrist @entity158 in XXXX associated with @entity1184 .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3579 :: ('MESH:C536192', 'Disease') :: ['hyperextension']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'complex regional pain syndrome']

answer: @entity3579 :: (MESH:C536192,Disease) :: ['hyperextension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Arthroscopic excision of the @entity1184 dorsal synovium is performed on @entity1 with dorsal wrist @entity158 in @entity3579 . Although dorsal wrist impingement has been described in cadaveric studies, to our knowledge, there is no published clinical data on its treatment with arthroscopic synovial excision. Herein, we present the results of arthroscopic management of this condition in our hospital. METHOD: A total of 13 @entity1 underwent arthroscopic excision of the @entity1184 dorsal impinging synovium. All @entity1 presented with the cardinal symptom of dorsal-radial wrist @entity158 in extreme extension. The diagnoses were made after excluding other causes and confirmed on wrist arthroscopy. Arthroscopy was offered after nonoperative measures failed. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 14 (range 6-31) months. RESULTS: Mean pre- and postoperative quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores were 49 (range 34-82) and 17 (range 0-48), respectively; paired t-test revealed a significant difference between the two (p < 0.001). Mean postoperative flexion-extension arc and radial-ulnar deviation arc were 120   and 46  , respectively. Postoperatively, one @entity1 developed @entity158 , with tethering of the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve, which required surgical release, while another @entity1 required revision arthroscopic excision of the impinging tissue. Both @entity1 had good postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSION: When treating @entity1 with dorsal wrist @entity158 , dorsal wrist impingement caused by @entity1184 should be included in the differential diagnosis. Arthroscopic excision of the impinging synovium can achieve reliable @entity158 relief with significant functional improvement in the short term, although further research on its long-term benefits is required.

title: Short-term result of arthroscopic synovial excision for dorsal wrist XXXX in @entity3579 associated with @entity1184 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Arthroscopic excision of the @entity1184 dorsal synovium is performed on @entity1 with dorsal wrist @entity158 in @entity3579 . Although dorsal wrist impingement has been described in cadaveric studies, to our knowledge, there is no published clinical data on its treatment with arthroscopic synovial excision. Herein, we present the results of arthroscopic management of this condition in our hospital. METHOD: A total of 13 @entity1 underwent arthroscopic excision of the @entity1184 dorsal impinging synovium. All @entity1 presented with the cardinal symptom of dorsal-radial wrist @entity158 in extreme extension. The diagnoses were made after excluding other causes and confirmed on wrist arthroscopy. Arthroscopy was offered after nonoperative measures failed. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 14 (range 6-31) months. RESULTS: Mean pre- and postoperative quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores were 49 (range 34-82) and 17 (range 0-48), respectively; paired t-test revealed a significant difference between the two (p < 0.001). Mean postoperative flexion-extension arc and radial-ulnar deviation arc were 120   and 46  , respectively. Postoperatively, one @entity1 developed @entity158 , with tethering of the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve, which required surgical release, while another @entity1 required revision arthroscopic excision of the impinging tissue. Both @entity1 had good postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSION: When treating @entity1 with dorsal wrist @entity158 , dorsal wrist impingement caused by @entity1184 should be included in the differential diagnosis. Arthroscopic excision of the impinging synovium can achieve reliable @entity158 relief with significant functional improvement in the short term, although further research on its long-term benefits is required.

title: Short-term result of arthroscopic synovial excision for dorsal wrist @entity158 in @entity3579 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['synovial hypertrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity35 develop @entity1931 and @entity1931 in the hind paw after L5 spinal nerve ligation. Phosphorylated Extracellular Regulated Kinase (pERK) was used as a @entity158 marker to investigate the potential role of adjacent uninjured L4 nerve in the development of @entity1931 after @entity128 . Left L5 nerve was ligated and sectioned in @entity35 . Three days later, @entity35 were randomly assigned into 5 groups; each had both hind paws immersed in water at different temperatures (no heat, 37, 42, 47 and 52   C) under sevoflurane anesthesia for 2 minutes. Five minutes after stimulation, the @entity35 were sacrificed and sections of L3-L6 spinal segments were stained immunocytochemically with pERK antibody. pERK immunoreactivity, which is not detectable in the normal spinal cord, was discernible in neurons (not glia) of the superficial dorsal horn after noxious heat stimuli. pERK positive neurons clearly overlapped in lamiae I-II with normal unmyelinated, and thin myelinated afferents labeled with calcitonin gene related peptide and isolectin B4, and injured unmyelinated afferents labeled with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. There was a linear increase in pERK immunoreactivity on both sides with increase in temperature. Importantly, the number of positive pERK neurons was significantly higher in the ipsilateral side of L4 spinal segment, which receives innervation from uninjured L4 nerve, compared with contralateral control side which receives both uninjured L4 and L5 spinal nerves. The data demonstrate that the uninjured L4 nerve plays an important role in the development of @entity1931 at the spinal cord level after @entity128 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Anatomical evidence that the uninjured adjacent L4 nerve plays a significant role in the development of peripheral neuropathic pain after L5 spinal nerve ligation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia', 'heat hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['L5 nerve injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A review of @entity1 with @entity697 admitted to the University of Maryland Hospital over the past ten years revealed a high frequency of surgical intervention. In addition to the usual indications for surgery (obstruction, perforation, and @entity292 ), we found persistent mass combined with other clinical indices, such as @entity221 , @entity491 , @entity591 , or recurrence required surgical intervention. Medical therapy (i.e., intravenous hydration, antibiotics, diet, nasogastric suction, etc.) varied with the clinical presentation. Only 43 per cent of the medically treated patients received antibiotics. If the bowel can be adequately prepared, a one-stage operation may be possible. Otherwise more stages may be necessary. A prognostic index has been devised for @entity697 for the evaluation of medical vs. surgical therapy. The higher the index, the more extensive the procedure that will be used. Our study supports the general usefulness of a Hartman (two-stage) procedure for those @entity1 requiring surgery.

title: Prognostic indices in the treatment of XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute diverticulitis']


abstract: The effect of quadruple chemotherapy ( @entity3700 , @entity1891 , @entity4174 , and @entity617 ) on gonadal function was investigated in 15 males and 2 females treated for @entity978 during childhood. The 2 females have regular menstrual cycles with evidence of ovulation in one. Twelve of the males have shown normal progression of pubertal development since completing their treatment. Nine out of 10 late pubertal or adult subjects had small testes but only one developed gynaecomastia. All 4 prepubertal subjects had normal basal and peak gonadotrophin responses to luteinising hormone-releasing hormone. Nine of the 12 subjects studied during puberty or adulthood had either an increased basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level or an exaggerated FSH response to luteinising hormone-releasing hormone. Each of the 6 males who provided semen for analysis was azoospermic after an interval of between 2.4 and 8 (mean 5.3) years after completion of treatment. We conclude that severe @entity16 is common after treatment with @entity3700 , @entity1891 , @entity4174 , and @entity617 in childhood. The germinal epithelium is particularly vulnerable and the resultant @entity3893 is likely to be irreversible. The Leydig cells are less susceptible to cytotoxic-induced damage. Pubertal development is normal and there is no indication for @entity342 replacement therapy.

title: Gonadal function after combination chemotherapy for XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['testicular damage']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent published results suggest no additive benefit to surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) when combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. However, there may still be a subgroup of @entity1 with severe @entity712 who can benefit from this procedure. We reviewed our institutional experience with SVR to determine early and late outcomes based on @entity353 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our SVR @entity1 (January 2002 to April 2008) with follow-up to March 2009. Baseline comorbidities, operative data, and postoperative outcomes were assessed by chart review, phone calls, and mailings. Survival was modeled using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, myocardial perfusion scans, and echocardiography assessed cardiac function, candidacy for SVR, and @entity353 . RESULTS: We reviewed 87 consecutive SVR @entity1 (69 @entity1 ). Mean age at operation was 61.1 years. Preoperatively, all @entity1 had @entity712 , with 80 (92%) at New York Heart Association III/IV. All @entity1 underwent preoperative viability studies. Three-vessel occlusion exceeding 50% was present in 69 (79%). After SVR, ejection fraction improved from 0.236 to 0.332 (p<0.001). Preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in 26 @entity1 (30.0%) showed a 30.8% reduction in left ventricular end systolic volume index. At follow-up, 51 of 66 (77%) improved to New York Heart Association I/II. One intraoperative @entity204 occurred. Preoperative left ventricular end systolic volume index of 80 to 120 was associated with improved survival (73% at 3 years). CONCLUSIONS: SVR is a surgical option for appropriately selected @entity1 with severe @entity712 . In these high-risk @entity1 , SVR successfully increased ejection fraction and decreased symptoms. A left ventricular end systolic volume index of 80 to 120 may be the ideal range for SVR procedures.

title: The impact of @entity353 on early and long-term outcomes in surgical ventricular restoration for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent published results suggest no additive benefit to surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) when combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. However, there may still be a subgroup of @entity1 with severe @entity712 who can benefit from this procedure. We reviewed our institutional experience with SVR to determine early and late outcomes based on @entity353 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our SVR @entity1 (January 2002 to April 2008) with follow-up to March 2009. Baseline comorbidities, operative data, and postoperative outcomes were assessed by chart review, phone calls, and mailings. Survival was modeled using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, myocardial perfusion scans, and echocardiography assessed cardiac function, candidacy for SVR, and @entity353 . RESULTS: We reviewed 87 consecutive SVR @entity1 (69 @entity1 ). Mean age at operation was 61.1 years. Preoperatively, all @entity1 had @entity712 , with 80 (92%) at New York Heart Association III/IV. All @entity1 underwent preoperative viability studies. Three-vessel occlusion exceeding 50% was present in 69 (79%). After SVR, ejection fraction improved from 0.236 to 0.332 (p<0.001). Preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in 26 @entity1 (30.0%) showed a 30.8% reduction in left ventricular end systolic volume index. At follow-up, 51 of 66 (77%) improved to New York Heart Association I/II. One intraoperative @entity204 occurred. Preoperative left ventricular end systolic volume index of 80 to 120 was associated with improved survival (73% at 3 years). CONCLUSIONS: SVR is a surgical option for appropriately selected @entity1 with severe @entity712 . In these high-risk @entity1 , SVR successfully increased ejection fraction and decreased symptoms. A left ventricular end systolic volume index of 80 to 120 may be the ideal range for SVR procedures.

title: The impact of XXXX on early and long-term outcomes in surgical ventricular restoration for severe @entity712 .

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['volume reduction']


abstract: Recent experience suggests that @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) secondary to @entity583 constitutes an indication for urgent operation. Acquired @entity1757 at St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville, was reviewed to substantiate the obsolescence of protracted medical therapy designed to allow a late, technically less demanding, repair. Twenty-two acute VSDs (less than four weeks following onset of murmur) have been treated since 1970. Five @entity1 died during medical therapy. Two @entity1 survived for more than four weeks without operation. One never manifested significant @entity299 . The other was operated on at 33 days, after progressive deterioration. No technical advantage from the delay was apparent, although survival was achieved. Ten of 15 @entity1 (67%) operated on during the first four weeks survived. Fourteen had reached a level of marked instability prior to operation. Of the five deaths, four were technical and were the product of an initial lack of recognition of the necessity for patch replacement of the interventricular septum. The prosthetic patch is now considered essential to minimize suture-line stress in @entity39 muscle. Potentially, only one of 15 @entity1 operated on early using current methods would have expired. This experience supports an aggressive surgical approach to any unstable @entity1 with postinfarction @entity1757 . Early repair requires specific techniques. Results of early operation using these techniques are dramatically superior to past efforts designed to delay definitive repair.

title: Urgent operation for acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac decompensation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quantifying the potential health benefits of improvements in the nutritional quality of the average diet of a population would provide evidence for resource allocation between population-level interventions aimed at reducing @entity102 . METHODS: A model was built linking consumption of food components with biological risk factors (blood pressure, serum @entity165 and @entity28 ) and subsequent mortality from @entity301 , @entity64 and @entity5 . Meta-analyses of individual-level studies that quantified the RR of increased consumption/increased risk factor level on disease outcomes were used to build the model. The sensitivity of the model to the results from the meta-analyses was assessed with Monte Carlo simulations. Country-specific estimates of current nutrient intake compared against dietary recommendations for the UK were used to demonstrate the model. RESULTS: Approximately 33   000 deaths per year would be avoided if UK dietary recommendations were met. The modelled reduction in deaths for @entity301 was 20   800 (95% credible interval 17   845-24   069), for @entity64 5876 (3856-7364) and for @entity5 6481 (4487-8353). Over 15   000 of the avoided deaths would be due to increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS: The developed model estimates the impact of population-level dietary changes and is robust. Achieving UK dietary recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption (five portions a day) would result in substantial health benefits-equivalent benefits would be achieved if salt intakes were lowered to 3.5 g per day or saturated fat intakes were lowered to 3% of total energy.

title: Modelling the impact of a healthy diet on cardiovascular disease and XXXX mortality.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: 1. Addition of @entity5911 or @entity4323 to isolated @entity35 liver mitochondria results in an efflux of @entity141 . Concomitant with this efflux is an immediate oxidation of endogenous @entity34940 , a fall in the mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in the rate of respiration. The primary effect in this sequence may be either (a) physiologically important stimulation of a @entity141 -efflux carrier, followed by @entity141 re-uptake, a fall in membrane potential and increased respiration, or (b) physiologically unimportant damage to mitochondrial integrity, followed by a fall in membrane potential, increased respiration and @entity141 efflux. 2. @entity37236 and EGTA will restore the increased respiratory rate to one approximating to the control rate of respiration. However, addition of @entity17361 , at a concentration which inhibits the uptake but not the normal efflux of @entity141 , inhibits the rate of @entity141 efflux induced by @entity5911 or @entity4323 . Therefore the observed efflux is occurring by a reversal of the uptake pathway (uniporter) and thus follows the fall in membrane potential. 3. From these results we conclude that the decrease in membrane potential and increase in the rate of respiration seen during @entity5911 - or @entity4323 -induced @entity141 efflux cannot be accounted for by rapid @entity141 cycling, but are due to damage to mitochondrial integrity.

title: XXXX - and @entity4323 -induced calcium efflux from mitochondria occurs by reversal of the uptake pathway.

entities_list: @entity4323 :: ('MESH:C016635', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetate']

entities_list: @entity34940 :: ('CHEBI:25527', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity37236 :: ('MESH:D012430', 'Chemical') :: ['Ruthenium Red']

entities_list: @entity17361 :: ('CHEBI:33319', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanide']

entities_list: @entity5911 :: ('MESH:D062907', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaloacetate']

answer: @entity5911 :: (MESH:D062907,Chemical) :: ['Oxaloacetate']


abstract: 1. Addition of @entity5911 or @entity4323 to isolated @entity35 liver mitochondria results in an efflux of @entity141 . Concomitant with this efflux is an immediate oxidation of endogenous @entity34940 , a fall in the mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in the rate of respiration. The primary effect in this sequence may be either (a) physiologically important stimulation of a @entity141 -efflux carrier, followed by @entity141 re-uptake, a fall in membrane potential and increased respiration, or (b) physiologically unimportant damage to mitochondrial integrity, followed by a fall in membrane potential, increased respiration and @entity141 efflux. 2. @entity37236 and EGTA will restore the increased respiratory rate to one approximating to the control rate of respiration. However, addition of @entity17361 , at a concentration which inhibits the uptake but not the normal efflux of @entity141 , inhibits the rate of @entity141 efflux induced by @entity5911 or @entity4323 . Therefore the observed efflux is occurring by a reversal of the uptake pathway (uniporter) and thus follows the fall in membrane potential. 3. From these results we conclude that the decrease in membrane potential and increase in the rate of respiration seen during @entity5911 - or @entity4323 -induced @entity141 efflux cannot be accounted for by rapid @entity141 cycling, but are due to damage to mitochondrial integrity.

title: @entity5911 - and XXXX -induced calcium efflux from mitochondria occurs by reversal of the uptake pathway.

answer: @entity4323 :: (MESH:C016635,Chemical) :: ['acetoacetate']


abstract: The Norwood I operation, including placement of a shunt from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries, has been adopted by many surgeons for neonates with @entity1699 . A three-year-old male who had undergone the Norwood I operation, and the Glenn operation, presented with a cervical @entity5 prior to the operation for total cavopulmonary connection. At the Glenn operation, the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery shunt was closed with a clip proximally, and the distal part was resected. Following the Glenn operation, the @entity1 had had recurrent @entity281 caused by @entity5134 . Cardiac catheterization showed a false @entity439 from the proximal shunt @entity254 . The @entity548 after resternotomy was managed by initiating cardiopulmonary bypass via the groin vessels. Cerebral air embolies were prevented by systemic application of @entity972 , to achieve @entity1167 during chest opening. The shunt was removed and the defect was closed. After the shunt was confirmed to be free from infection, a total cavopulmonary connection was performed after three days postoperatively. The case illustrates the management of @entity439 during resternotomy in @entity1 .

title: False aneurysm origination from the proximal XXXX of a right ventricular to pulmonary artery shunt following staged repair of @entity1699 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pulsating tumor']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep sternal infections']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: The Norwood I operation, including placement of a shunt from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries, has been adopted by many surgeons for neonates with @entity1699 . A three-year-old male who had undergone the Norwood I operation, and the Glenn operation, presented with a cervical @entity5 prior to the operation for total cavopulmonary connection. At the Glenn operation, the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery shunt was closed with a clip proximally, and the distal part was resected. Following the Glenn operation, the @entity1 had had recurrent @entity281 caused by @entity5134 . Cardiac catheterization showed a false @entity439 from the proximal shunt @entity254 . The @entity548 after resternotomy was managed by initiating cardiopulmonary bypass via the groin vessels. Cerebral air embolies were prevented by systemic application of @entity972 , to achieve @entity1167 during chest opening. The shunt was removed and the defect was closed. After the shunt was confirmed to be free from infection, a total cavopulmonary connection was performed after three days postoperatively. The case illustrates the management of @entity439 during resternotomy in @entity1 .

title: False aneurysm origination from the proximal @entity254 of a right ventricular to pulmonary artery shunt following staged repair of XXXX .

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: Coptis chinensis is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. The study investigated metabolic interaction of the active constituents ( @entity7652 , @entity34683 , @entity12598 , and @entity66040 ) of Coptis chinensis in @entity1 liver microsomes. After incubation of the four constituents of Coptis chinensis in HLMs, the metabolism of the four constituents was observed by HPLC. The in vitro inhibition experiment between the active constituents was conducted, and IC50 value was estimated. @entity34683 exhibited inhibitions against the formation of the two metabolites of @entity7652 with IC50 values of 6.5 and 8.3    M, respectively. @entity12598 and @entity66040 showed the weaker inhibitory effect on the formation of the metabolites of @entity7652 . @entity7652 showed a weak inhibitory effect on the production of @entity34683 metabolite with an IC50 value of 115    M, and @entity12598 and @entity66040 had little inhibitory effect on the formation of @entity34683 metabolite. @entity7652 , @entity34683 , and @entity66040 showed no inhibitory effect on the generation of @entity12598 metabolite (IC50 > 200    M). The findings suggested that there are different degrees of metabolic interaction between the four components. @entity34683 showed the strongest inhibition toward @entity7652 metabolism.

title: Metabolic Interaction of the Active Constituents of Coptis chinensis in XXXX Liver Microsomes.

entities_list: @entity66040 :: ('MESH:C055785', 'Chemical') :: ['jatrorrhizine']

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine', 'Berberine']

entities_list: @entity34683 :: ('MESH:C034384', 'Chemical') :: ['Coptisine', 'coptisine']

entities_list: @entity12598 :: ('MESH:C005413', 'Chemical') :: ['palmatine', 'Palmatine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity235 @entity21665 (CECS) is a @entity717 of Border Terriers (BTs). These @entity235 might respond to a gluten-free diet. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the clinical and serological effect of a gluten-free diet in BTs with CECS. ANIMALS: Six client-owned BTs with clinically confirmed CECS. METHODS: @entity235 were prospectively recruited that had at least a 6-month history of CECS based on the observed phenomenology (using video) and had exhibited at least 2 separate episodes on different days. @entity235 were tested for anti- @entity71888 (TG2 IgA) and anti-gliadin (AGA IgG) antibodies in the serum at presentation, and 3, 6, and 9  months after the introduction of a gluten-free diet. Duodenal biopsies were performed in 1 dog. RESULTS: Serum TG2 IgA titers were increased in 6/6 BTs (P  =  .006) and AGA IgG titers were increased in 5/6 BTs at presentation compared to those of controls (P  =  .018). After 9  months, there was clinical and serological improvement in all BTs with CECS strictly adhering to a gluten-free diet (5/5). One @entity235 had persistently increased antibody titers. This @entity235 scavenged @entity1641 manure. On the strict introduction of a gluten-free diet this @entity235 also had an improved clinical and serological response. The diet-associated improvement was reversible in 2 @entity235 on completion of the study, both of which suffered a relapse of CECS on the re-introduction of gluten. CONCLUSIONS: @entity235 @entity21665 in BTs is a @entity717 triggered and perpetuated by gluten and thus responsive to a gluten-free diet.

title: The Clinical and Serological Effect of a Gluten-Free Diet in Border Terriers with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21665 :: ('MESH:D009120', 'Disease') :: ['epileptoid cramping syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal movement disorder', 'gluten-sensitive movement disorder']

answer: @entity21665 :: (MESH:D009120,Disease) :: ['Epileptoid Cramping Syndrome']


abstract: Natural enemy exploitation of food resources and alternative hosts in noncrop vegetation has been shown to be an effective means of enhancing natural enemy populations in diversified agro-ecosystem. Field trials were conducted in Hawaii to examine effects of interplanting flowering plants on 1) parasitism of @entity4336 earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) eggs by Trichogramma spp., and 2) abundance of Orius spp. in relation to prey (H. zea eggs and thrips [primarily, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Frankliniella williamsi Hood]). Sweet @entity4336 ( @entity2829 ), @entity2829 ., was interplanted with three flowering plants, buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, @entity11314 , @entity11314 (L.), and sunn hemp, Crotolaria juncea L., at 2:1 and 4:1 ( @entity4336 : flowering plant) ratios in 2009 and 2010, respectively. In 2009, the abundance of Orius spp. was significantly greater in the buckwheat-interplanted treatment compared to the monocrop control at similar levels of prey availability, indicating buckwheat flowers might have provided both prey and nectar resources. In 2010, @entity11314 and sunn hemp flowering plants provided a source of an alternate host insect's eggs for Trichogramma spp. oviposition, resulting in significantly higher parasitism of H. zea eggs in the @entity11314 - and sunn hemp-interplanted treatments compared to the monocrop control. Despite of differences in pest and natural enemy interactions in two field trials, our findings suggested that provisioning of an alternate host insect's eggs through flowering plants is an effective means for enhancing Trichogramma spp. and provisioning of both nectar and prey resources through flowering plants is important for enhancing predation by Orius spp.

title: Effects of Interplanting Flowering Plants on the Biological Control of XXXX Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Sweet @entity4336 .

entities_list: @entity11314 :: ('3917', 'Species') :: ['Vigna unguiculata', 'cowpea']

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['Corn']


abstract: Natural enemy exploitation of food resources and alternative hosts in noncrop vegetation has been shown to be an effective means of enhancing natural enemy populations in diversified agro-ecosystem. Field trials were conducted in Hawaii to examine effects of interplanting flowering plants on 1) parasitism of @entity4336 earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) eggs by Trichogramma spp., and 2) abundance of Orius spp. in relation to prey (H. zea eggs and thrips [primarily, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Frankliniella williamsi Hood]). Sweet @entity4336 ( @entity2829 ), @entity2829 ., was interplanted with three flowering plants, buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, @entity11314 , @entity11314 (L.), and sunn hemp, Crotolaria juncea L., at 2:1 and 4:1 ( @entity4336 : flowering plant) ratios in 2009 and 2010, respectively. In 2009, the abundance of Orius spp. was significantly greater in the buckwheat-interplanted treatment compared to the monocrop control at similar levels of prey availability, indicating buckwheat flowers might have provided both prey and nectar resources. In 2010, @entity11314 and sunn hemp flowering plants provided a source of an alternate host insect's eggs for Trichogramma spp. oviposition, resulting in significantly higher parasitism of H. zea eggs in the @entity11314 - and sunn hemp-interplanted treatments compared to the monocrop control. Despite of differences in pest and natural enemy interactions in two field trials, our findings suggested that provisioning of an alternate host insect's eggs through flowering plants is an effective means for enhancing Trichogramma spp. and provisioning of both nectar and prey resources through flowering plants is important for enhancing predation by Orius spp.

title: Effects of Interplanting Flowering Plants on the Biological Control of @entity4336 Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Sweet XXXX .

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['Corn']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Modify the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) for 'fear of passive motion' beliefs. METHODS: With permission, a 14-item modification, the TSK-PM (passive movement), was created. Test-retest reliability was tested first. Construct validity was tested in chronic @entity7125 @entity1 by comparing the TSK-PM with the TSK, the @entity717 ( @entity717 ) and cervical ranges of motion. RESULTS: The TSK-PM showed high test-retest reliability (r = 0.83) and high correlation with the original TSK (r = 0.84). Low, non-significant correlations were found with other variables. @entity717 scores were strongly correlated with ranges of motion. CONCLUSIONS: While having high test-retest reliability and a single factor structure, the TSK-PM failed to demonstrate distinctive construct validity vs the original TSK. The original TSK is likely to be sufficient to assess fear of being moved in neck @entity158 @entity1 in a clinical setting. Modifications to the current version of the TSK-PM might improve its construct validity in future studies.

title: Is "fear of passive movement" a distinctive component of the Fear-Avoidance Model in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell therapy for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) may be limited by poor cell survival and lack of transdifferentiation. We report a novel technique of implanting whole autologous myocardial tissue from preserved myocardial regions into infarcted regions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fourteen @entity35 were used to optimize cardiomyotissue size with peritoneal wall implantation (300  m identified as optimal size). Thirty-nine @entity1707 were used to investigate cardiomyotissue implantation in @entity583 induced by left anterior descending balloon occlusion (10 animals died; male-to-female transplantation for tracking with in situ hybridization for Y chromosome, n=4 [2 donors and 2 @entity583 animals]; @entity583 at 1 hour, n=13; and healed @entity583 implantation at 2 weeks, n=12). Assessment included echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, hemodynamics, @entity5045 staining, and histological and molecular analyses. Tracking studies demonstrated viable implants with donor cells interspersed in the adjacent myocardium with gap junctions and desmosomes. In the @entity583 , treated animals compared with controls had improved perfusion by magnetic resonance imaging (1.2  0.01 versus 0.86  0.05; P<0.01), decreased @entity583 size (magnetic resonance imaging: left ventricle, 2.2  0.5% versus 5.4  1.5%, P=0.04; @entity5045 : anterior wall, 10.3  4.6% versus 28.9  5.8%, P<0.03), and improved contractility (dP/dt, 1235  215 versus 817  817; P<0.05). In the healed @entity583 cohort, treated animals had less decline in ejection fraction between 2 and 4 week assessment (-3  4% versus -13  -4%; P<0.05), less decline in   dP/dt, and smaller @entity583 ( @entity5045 , 21  11% versus 3  8%; P=0.006) than control animals. @entity1188 in the treated animals contained more mdr-1(+) cells and fewer c-kit(+) cells with a trend for decreased expression of @entity11017 and increased expression of @entity11018 . CONCLUSION: Autologous cardiomyotissue implanted in an @entity583 area remains viable, exhibits electromechanical coupling, decreases @entity1188 size, and improves left ventricular function.

title: Autologous cardiomyotissue implantation promotes myocardial regeneration, decreases XXXX size, and improves left ventricular function.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity11017 :: ('81686(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity11018 :: ('29543(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute MI implantation cohort', 'MI', 'acute MI cohort']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: The handling of turtles and other reptiles can be associated with risk of pathogenic enterobacteria transmission, mainly @entity5746 spp. The aim of this study was to identify the enterobacteria in cloacal swabs of 39 red-eared sliders ( @entity8308 elegans). Cloacal swabs from 39 captive individuals were analyzed. After sample enrichment in brain-heart infusion broth and 1% peptone water, bacterial isolation was performed through cultivation in blood, MacConkey and xylose lysine desoxycholate agar. Bacterial identification was achieved through conventional tests and automated turbidity analysis. The results indicated the growth of Kluyvera ascorbata (38/39), Leclercia adecarboxylata (37/39), Raoultella planticola (30/39), @entity8171 (20/39), @entity795 spp. (15/39), and @entity526 (5/39). @entity5746 spp. were not detected. The intestinal enterobacteria identified inthis study differed from that reported in the literature for other reptiles.

title: Enterobacterial colonization in captive red-eared sliders ( XXXX elegans).

entities_list: @entity8171 :: ('546', 'Species') :: ['Citrobacter freundii']

entities_list: @entity8308 :: ('34903', 'Species') :: ['Trachemys scripta']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity8308 :: (34903,Species) :: ['Trachemys scripta']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Self-focused attention (SFA) is considered a cognitive bias that is closely related to @entity308 . However, it is not yet well understood whether it represents a disorder-specific or a trans-diagnostic phenomenon and which role the valence of a given context is playing in this regard. Computerized quantitative text-analysis offers an integrative psycho-linguistic approach that may help to provide new insights into these complex relationships. The relative frequency of first- @entity1 singular pronouns in natural language is regarded as an objective, linguistic marker of SFA. Here we present two studies that examined the associations between SFA and symptoms of @entity308 and @entity148 in two different contexts (positive vs. negative valence), as well as the convergence between pronoun-use and self-reported aspects of SFA. In the first study, we found that the use of first- @entity1 singular pronouns during negative but not during positive memory recall was positively related to symptoms of @entity308 and @entity148 in @entity1 with @entity1278 with varying levels of co-morbid @entity308 and @entity148 . In the second study, we found the same pattern of results in non- @entity308 individuals. In addition, use of first- @entity1 singular pronouns during negative memory recall was positively related to brooding (i.e., the assumed @entity2483 ) but not to reflection. These findings could not be replicated in two samples of @entity308 @entity1 . However, non-chronically @entity308 @entity1 used more first- @entity1 singular pronouns than healthy controls, irrespective of context. Taken together, the findings lend partial support to theoretical models that emphasize the effects of context on self-focus and consider SFA as a relevant trans-diagnostic phenomenon. In addition, the present findings point to the construct validity of pronoun-use as a linguistic marker of maladaptive self-focus.

title: Me, myself, and I: self-referent word use as an indicator of self-focused attention in relation to XXXX and @entity148 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['maladaptive sub-component of rumination']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Self-focused attention (SFA) is considered a cognitive bias that is closely related to @entity308 . However, it is not yet well understood whether it represents a disorder-specific or a trans-diagnostic phenomenon and which role the valence of a given context is playing in this regard. Computerized quantitative text-analysis offers an integrative psycho-linguistic approach that may help to provide new insights into these complex relationships. The relative frequency of first- @entity1 singular pronouns in natural language is regarded as an objective, linguistic marker of SFA. Here we present two studies that examined the associations between SFA and symptoms of @entity308 and @entity148 in two different contexts (positive vs. negative valence), as well as the convergence between pronoun-use and self-reported aspects of SFA. In the first study, we found that the use of first- @entity1 singular pronouns during negative but not during positive memory recall was positively related to symptoms of @entity308 and @entity148 in @entity1 with @entity1278 with varying levels of co-morbid @entity308 and @entity148 . In the second study, we found the same pattern of results in non- @entity308 individuals. In addition, use of first- @entity1 singular pronouns during negative memory recall was positively related to brooding (i.e., the assumed @entity2483 ) but not to reflection. These findings could not be replicated in two samples of @entity308 @entity1 . However, non-chronically @entity308 @entity1 used more first- @entity1 singular pronouns than healthy controls, irrespective of context. Taken together, the findings lend partial support to theoretical models that emphasize the effects of context on self-focus and consider SFA as a relevant trans-diagnostic phenomenon. In addition, the present findings point to the construct validity of pronoun-use as a linguistic marker of maladaptive self-focus.

title: Me, myself, and I: self-referent word use as an indicator of self-focused attention in relation to @entity308 and XXXX .

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: The correct diagnosis of proliferation @entity6 is essential, because it is a treatable disease and missing the diagnosis can lead to the @entity1 becoming blind. We examined the ability of internists and ophthalmologists to diagnose @entity989 under optimal conditions. Twenty-three physicians performed retinal examinations on ten @entity6 @entity1 and one normal @entity1 with dilated pupils. Physician examiners were members of a university medical center and included 10 internists, 2 diabetologists, 4 senior medical residents, 4 general ophthalmologists, and 3 ophthalmologists who were subspecialists in @entity989 . Correct diagnosis was determined separately by the consensus of three ophthalmologists specializing in @entity989 , who reviewed seven-view stereo fundus photographs and medical charts. Of a possible 483 individual eye a examinations, 438 were completed. The overall error rate was 61%. The error rate for missing the diagnosis of @entity989 varied from 0% for retinal specialists to 49% for internists, diabetologists, and medical residents. We conclude that potentially serious mistakes in diagnosis are currently made by the physicians who care for most @entity6 @entity1 . Experience and specialized knowledge lessen that the error rate. Further education or greater use of referrals may be necessary to provide optimal @entity1 care.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative retinopathy', 'retinal disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic eye disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1545 is a major cause of long-term disability. The possibility exists for exogenously derived neural progenitor cells to repair damage resulting from @entity1545 , although more information is needed to successfully implement this promising therapy. To test the ability of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) obtained from @entity35 to repair damaged neocortex, we transplanted neural progenitor cell suspensions into normal and injured slice cultures of the neocortex acquired from @entity35 on postnatal day 0-3. Donor cells from E16 embryos were obtained from either the neocortex, including the ventricular zone (VZ) for excitatory cells, ganglionic eminence (GE) for inhibitory cells or a mixed population of the two. Cells were injected into the ventricular/subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ) or directly into the wounded region. Transplanted cells migrated throughout the cortical plate with GE and mixed population donor cells predominately targeting the upper cortical layers, while neocortically derived NPCs from the VZ/SVZ migrated less extensively. In the injured neocortex, transplanted cells moved predominantly into the wounded area. NPCs derived from the GE tended to be immunoreactive for GABAergic markers while those derived from the neocortex were more strongly immunoreactive for other neuronal markers such as @entity19744 , TUJ1, or Milli-Mark. Cells transplanted in vitro acquired the electrophysiological characteristics of neurons, including action potential generation and reception of spontaneous synaptic activity. This suggests that transplanted cells differentiate into neurons capable of functionally integrating with the host tissue. Together, our data suggest that transplantation of neural progenitor cells holds great potential as an emerging therapeutic intervention for restoring function lost to @entity75 .

title: Transplanted Neural Progenitor Cells from Distinct Sources Migrate Differentially in an Organotypic Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Brain injury', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['Brain Injury']


abstract: SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although bracing for @entity2112 is moderately successful, its efficacy has been called into question and it carries associated psychosocial ramifications. In this study we report the background, rationale, indications, surgical techniques, and early results of vertebral body stapling (VBS) in @entity1 with @entity2112 . METHODS: We reviewed the literature on growth modulation of the growing spine and the concepts behind the use of VBS as a fusionless strategy. The indications are derived from retrospectively reviewed @entity1 with @entity2112 treated with VBS followed for a minimum of 2 years. Indications for staple use included: (a) age <13 years in @entity1 and 15 in @entity1 , (b) Risser 0 or 1 and/or 1 year of growth remaining on wrist radiograph, (c) coronal curve <45 degrees with minimal rotation and flexible to <25 degrees on a side bending radiograph, and (d) sagittal thoracic curve <40 degrees. RESULTS: Thoracic curves measuring <35 degrees had a success rate of 77.7%. Curves which reached  <= 20 degrees on first erect radiograph had a success rate of 85.7%. Thoracic curves greater than 35 degrees were not successful and require alternative treatments. Lumbar curves demonstrated a success rate of 86.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Some @entity1 with @entity2112 with moderate curves (25 to 45 degrees) and high risk of progression can be safely treated with VBS as an alternative to bracing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

title: Clinical outcomes of nitinol staples for preventing curve progression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) is a common disorder in which the spine gradually develops a curvature that is first detected in @entity1 between 11 and 17 years of age. The only accepted treatment methods are bracing and surgery. Whether brace treatment alters the natural history is being questioned, and @entity1 compliance is low. Surgery usually includes a spinal fusion that creates a rigid spine and concentrates stresses at the ends. METHODS: This study focuses on correlating the laboratory results with clinical reports for @entity15296 @entity1 with @entity1615 . In the laboratory, @entity1635 with @entity13949 has been created by asymmetric mechanical loading and has been corrected by reversing the loading. In the clinic, bracing and derotational casting have been successful in some reports, but compliance has been a problem with bracing and derotational casts have mainly been used in young @entity1 . Operative treatment has been successful, but a nonfusion operation remains elusive. FINDINGS AND RESULTS: In the laboratory, axial loading of growth plates altered growth according to the Hueter-Volkmann law, which states that compression decreases and distraction increases growth. Asymmetric loading of the spine caused asymmetric growth resulting in @entity1635 with @entity13949 . Asymmetric loading of tail vertebrae created @entity13949 according to Wolff's law, which states that the bone remodels over time in response to prevailing mechanical demands. In the clinic, studies have shown that bracing may work if @entity1 wore the brace as prescribed. Derotational casting in young @entity1 has been shown to prevent progression and even correct the @entity1635 in some @entity1 . Convex vertebral stapling has been successful in mild curves, but the results in larger curves have been disappointing. Anterolateral tethering has been successful in mild curves in young @entity1 , but there is limited experience with this technique in @entity1 with large curves. CONCLUSIONS: A brace that applies the appropriate loading and is worn as prescribed may dramatically improve the results of brace treatment. A procedure using external fixation or adjustable anterolateral tethering may achieve a nonfusion correction of @entity1615 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.

title: Nonfusion treatment of adolescent idiopathic XXXX by growth modulation and remodeling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity13949 :: ('MESH:C537350', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral wedging']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Friable embryogenic callus (FEC) is considered as the most suitable material for efficient genetic transformation of @entity7243 . Heavy genotype dependence of FEC induction and amenability to somaclonal variation limits the production and maintenance of reliable FEC. Identifying key elements involved in biological processes from @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) to FEC at different stages provides critical insights for FEC improvement. Cytological observation showed a dramatic change of subcellular structures among @entity2085 , fresh FEC (FFEC), and old FEC (OFEC). Decrease of @entity969 and increase of @entity948 and @entity413 were detected in OFEC. A total of 6871 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from @entity2085 , FFEC, and OFEC by RNA-seq. Analysis of the DEGs showed that FEC induction was accompanied by the process of dedifferentiation, whereas the epigenetics modification occurred during the continuous subculturing process. The cell structure was reconstructed, mainly including the GO terms of "cell periphery" and "external encapsulating structure"; in parallel, the internal mechanisms changed correspondingly, including the biological process of glycolysis and metabolisms of @entity3929 , @entity5906 , and @entity3264 . The significant reduction of genomic DNA methylation in OFEC indicated altered gene expression via chromatin modification. These results indicate that the induction and long-term subculture of FEC is a complicated biological process involving changes of genome modification, gene expression, and subcellular reconstruction. The findings will be useful for improving FEC induction and maintenance from farmer-preferred @entity7243 cultivars recalcitrant to genetic transformation, hence improving @entity7243 through genetic engineering.

title: Transition from somatic embryo to friable embryogenic callus in XXXX : dynamic changes in cellular structure, physiological status, and gene expression profiles.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['somatic embryos', 'SEs']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7243 :: (3983,Species) :: ['cassava']


abstract: Outbreaks of an unexplained acute @entity16 affecting young @entity1 and associated with high case-fatality rates have been reported in the Muzaffarpur district of Bihar state in India since 1995. The outbreaks generally peak in June and decline weeks later with the onset of monsoon rains. There have been multiple epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of this syndrome, leading to a wide spectrum of proposed causes for the illness, including infectious @entity198 and exposure to pesticides. An association between illness and litchi fruit has been postulated because Muzaffarpur is a litchi fruit-producing region. To better characterize clinical and epidemiologic features of the illness that might suggest its cause and how it can be prevented, the Indian National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and CDC investigated outbreaks in 2013 and 2014. Clinical and laboratory findings in 2013 suggested a noninflammatory @entity75 , possibly caused by a toxin. A common laboratory finding was low blood @entity413 (<70 mg/dL) on admission, a finding associated with a poorer outcome; 44% of all cases were fatal. An ongoing 2014 investigation has found no evidence of any infectious etiology and supports the possibility that exposure to a toxin might be the cause. The outbreak period coincides with the month-long litchi harvesting season in Muzaffarpur. Although a specific etiology has not yet been determined, the 2014 investigation has identified the illness as a hypoglycemic @entity75 and confirmed the importance of ongoing laboratory evaluation of environmental toxins to identify a potential causative agent, including markers for @entity69265 ( @entity11722 ), a compound found in litchi seeds known to cause @entity4053 in animal studies. Current @entity283 recommendations are focused on reducing mortality by urging affected families to seek prompt medical care, and ensuring rapid assessment and correction of @entity4053 in ill @entity1 .

title: Outbreaks of unexplained XXXX - muzaffarpur, India, 2013-2014.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity69265 :: ('MESH:C059830', 'Chemical') :: ['methylenecyclopropylglycine']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['public health']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic illness']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurologic illness']


abstract: PURPOSE: Penetrating @entity130 is relatively rare in the pediatric population. Embolization of foreign bodies from penetrating @entity130 is very uncommon. We present a case of a 6-year-old @entity1 with a penetrating foreign body from a projectile dislodged from a lawn mower. Imaging demonstrated a foreign body that @entity1151 , which was successfully treated non-operatively. METHODS: We reviewed the penetrating @entity130 @entity1 in the @entity130 registry at our institution between 1/1/03 and 12/31/12. Data collected included demographic data, procedures performed, complications and outcome. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 were identified with a diagnosis of penetrating @entity130 . Fourteen of the @entity1 had low velocity penetrating @entity130 and 51 had high velocity injuries. @entity1 with high velocity injuries were more likely to be older and less likely to be Caucasian. There were no statistically significant differences between @entity1 with low vs. high velocity injuries regarding severity scores or length of stay. There were no statistically significant differences in procedures required between @entity1 with low and high velocity injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Penetrating @entity130 is rare in @entity1 . The case presented here represents the only report of @entity299 we could identify in a pediatric @entity1 .

title: An unusual case of foreign body pulmonary embolus: case report and review of penetrating XXXX at a pediatric @entity130 center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac foreign body embolus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'thoracic trauma']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['embolized to the left pulmonary artery']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Penetrating @entity130 is relatively rare in the pediatric population. Embolization of foreign bodies from penetrating @entity130 is very uncommon. We present a case of a 6-year-old @entity1 with a penetrating foreign body from a projectile dislodged from a lawn mower. Imaging demonstrated a foreign body that @entity1151 , which was successfully treated non-operatively. METHODS: We reviewed the penetrating @entity130 @entity1 in the @entity130 registry at our institution between 1/1/03 and 12/31/12. Data collected included demographic data, procedures performed, complications and outcome. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 were identified with a diagnosis of penetrating @entity130 . Fourteen of the @entity1 had low velocity penetrating @entity130 and 51 had high velocity injuries. @entity1 with high velocity injuries were more likely to be older and less likely to be Caucasian. There were no statistically significant differences between @entity1 with low vs. high velocity injuries regarding severity scores or length of stay. There were no statistically significant differences in procedures required between @entity1 with low and high velocity injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Penetrating @entity130 is rare in @entity1 . The case presented here represents the only report of @entity299 we could identify in a pediatric @entity1 .

title: An unusual case of foreign body pulmonary embolus: case report and review of penetrating @entity130 at a pediatric XXXX center.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccination is the most effective method for preventing @entity778 . Adult hospitalised @entity1 form a particularly high-risk group for severe @entity683 given their advanced age and comorbidities. We sought to improve the @entity683 vaccination rates of hospitalised @entity1 at the White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center. METHODS: The improvement effort started in 2007 when our baseline vaccination rate was about 60%. An interprofessional team analysed the @entity683 vaccination process for hospitalised @entity1 . During the course of six @entity683 seasons, eight Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were used including a hospital-wide flu campaign, embedded orders in the electronic medical record (EMR) to facilitate ordering vaccinations by providers, daily reminders from ward clerks and standing orders for @entity683 vaccination on discharge. The measure was the monthly percentage of @entity1 discharged from the hospital with an up-to-date @entity683 vaccination. RESULTS: The percentage of veterans discharged with an up-to-date @entity683 vaccination increased to over 80% in February 2009 and has remained high. CONCLUSIONS: Although we are confident that our local efforts helped to improve the vaccination rate, external factors such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and universal vaccination may have primed our system to respond more readily to the implemented changes. Understanding all of the relevant factors that lead to vaccination uptake can be applied to future hospital @entity683 vaccination campaigns. In addition, our work demonstrates that an interprofessional approach is still required to apply the functionality of the EMR effectively.

title: Influenza vaccination rates for hospitalised XXXX : a multiyear quality improvement effort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza virus infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cardiac remodeling is a common pathophysiological change along with chronic @entity101 and @entity583 . Recent evidence indicated that cardiac tissue expressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy). However, the functional role of PPARy in @entity299 remained unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between PPARy activation and pressure overload-induced @entity299 . METHODS: Cardiac remodeling model was successfully established by abdominal aorta ligation. Cardiac @entity82 and cardiomyocyte @entity1184 were simulated by 100 nM @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) in vitro. Haemodynamic parameters, the expressions of @entity71889 , a-MHC, b-MHC, @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ), collagen-I, collagen-III and @entity4026 were examined. RESULTS: Morphological and haemodynamic measurements showed that the activation of PPARy improved the @entity299 and decreased interstitial @entity82 in @entity299 @entity35 . Further results also showed that the activation of PPARy inhibited the expressions of @entity71889 and @entity1810 in the @entity299 . The activation of PPARy also inhibited the proliferation and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts, and down-regulated the activity of @entity71889 and the expression of @entity1810 induced by @entity1808 in cultured neonatal @entity35 cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, respectively, through @entity4026 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that PPARy activation effectively inhibited @entity299 processes by suppression of @entity71889 and @entity1810 expressions through @entity4026 pathway in the pressure-overloaded hearts induced by abdominal aorta ligation in @entity35 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor y (PPARy) Through @entity4026 / @entity71889 and XXXX Pathways Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling in Pressure-Overloaded @entity35 Hearts.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta 1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling hearts', 'cardiac remodeling', 'impaired cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1810 :: (59086(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TGF-b1']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cardiac remodeling is a common pathophysiological change along with chronic @entity101 and @entity583 . Recent evidence indicated that cardiac tissue expressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy). However, the functional role of PPARy in @entity299 remained unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between PPARy activation and pressure overload-induced @entity299 . METHODS: Cardiac remodeling model was successfully established by abdominal aorta ligation. Cardiac @entity82 and cardiomyocyte @entity1184 were simulated by 100 nM @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) in vitro. Haemodynamic parameters, the expressions of @entity71889 , a-MHC, b-MHC, @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ), collagen-I, collagen-III and @entity4026 were examined. RESULTS: Morphological and haemodynamic measurements showed that the activation of PPARy improved the @entity299 and decreased interstitial @entity82 in @entity299 @entity35 . Further results also showed that the activation of PPARy inhibited the expressions of @entity71889 and @entity1810 in the @entity299 . The activation of PPARy also inhibited the proliferation and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts, and down-regulated the activity of @entity71889 and the expression of @entity1810 induced by @entity1808 in cultured neonatal @entity35 cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, respectively, through @entity4026 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that PPARy activation effectively inhibited @entity299 processes by suppression of @entity71889 and @entity1810 expressions through @entity4026 pathway in the pressure-overloaded hearts induced by abdominal aorta ligation in @entity35 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor y (PPARy) Through @entity4026 / XXXX and @entity1810 Pathways Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling in Pressure-Overloaded @entity35 Hearts.

answer: @entity71889 :: (171379(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Brg1']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cardiac remodeling is a common pathophysiological change along with chronic @entity101 and @entity583 . Recent evidence indicated that cardiac tissue expressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy). However, the functional role of PPARy in @entity299 remained unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between PPARy activation and pressure overload-induced @entity299 . METHODS: Cardiac remodeling model was successfully established by abdominal aorta ligation. Cardiac @entity82 and cardiomyocyte @entity1184 were simulated by 100 nM @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) in vitro. Haemodynamic parameters, the expressions of @entity71889 , a-MHC, b-MHC, @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ), collagen-I, collagen-III and @entity4026 were examined. RESULTS: Morphological and haemodynamic measurements showed that the activation of PPARy improved the @entity299 and decreased interstitial @entity82 in @entity299 @entity35 . Further results also showed that the activation of PPARy inhibited the expressions of @entity71889 and @entity1810 in the @entity299 . The activation of PPARy also inhibited the proliferation and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts, and down-regulated the activity of @entity71889 and the expression of @entity1810 induced by @entity1808 in cultured neonatal @entity35 cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, respectively, through @entity4026 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that PPARy activation effectively inhibited @entity299 processes by suppression of @entity71889 and @entity1810 expressions through @entity4026 pathway in the pressure-overloaded hearts induced by abdominal aorta ligation in @entity35 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor y (PPARy) Through XXXX / @entity71889 and @entity1810 Pathways Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling in Pressure-Overloaded @entity35 Hearts.

answer: @entity4026 :: (81736(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NF-kB']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cardiac remodeling is a common pathophysiological change along with chronic @entity101 and @entity583 . Recent evidence indicated that cardiac tissue expressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy). However, the functional role of PPARy in @entity299 remained unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between PPARy activation and pressure overload-induced @entity299 . METHODS: Cardiac remodeling model was successfully established by abdominal aorta ligation. Cardiac @entity82 and cardiomyocyte @entity1184 were simulated by 100 nM @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) in vitro. Haemodynamic parameters, the expressions of @entity71889 , a-MHC, b-MHC, @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ), collagen-I, collagen-III and @entity4026 were examined. RESULTS: Morphological and haemodynamic measurements showed that the activation of PPARy improved the @entity299 and decreased interstitial @entity82 in @entity299 @entity35 . Further results also showed that the activation of PPARy inhibited the expressions of @entity71889 and @entity1810 in the @entity299 . The activation of PPARy also inhibited the proliferation and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts, and down-regulated the activity of @entity71889 and the expression of @entity1810 induced by @entity1808 in cultured neonatal @entity35 cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, respectively, through @entity4026 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that PPARy activation effectively inhibited @entity299 processes by suppression of @entity71889 and @entity1810 expressions through @entity4026 pathway in the pressure-overloaded hearts induced by abdominal aorta ligation in @entity35 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor y (PPARy) Through @entity4026 / @entity71889 and @entity1810 Pathways Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling in Pressure-Overloaded XXXX Hearts.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate three-dimensional positional change of the condyle using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) following unilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (USSRO) in @entity1 with mandibular prognathism. METHODS: This study examined two @entity1 exhibiting skeletal @entity3233 with @entity7439 who underwent USSRO for a mandibular setback. 3D-CT was performed before surgery, immediately after surgery, and 6  months postoperatively. After creating 3D-CT images by using the In-vivo 5    program, the axial plane, coronal plane, and sagittal plane were configured. Three-dimensional positional changes from each plane to the condyle, @entity135 ( @entity135 ), @entity135 ( @entity135 ), @entity135 ( @entity135 ), frontal condylar head position (FHP), @entity135 ( @entity135 ), and sagittal condylar head position (SHP) of the two @entity1 were measured before surgery, immediately after surgery, and 6  months postoperatively. RESULTS: In the first @entity1 , medial rotation of the operated condyle in @entity135 and anterior rotation in @entity135 were observed. There were no significant changes after surgery in @entity135 , FHP, and SHP after surgery. In the second @entity1 , medial rotation of the operated condyle in @entity135 and lateral rotation of the operated condyle in @entity135 were observed. There were no significant changes in @entity135 , FHP, and SHP postoperatively. This indicates that in USSRO, postoperative movement of the condylar head is insignificant; however, medial rotation of the condylar head is possible. Although three-dimensional changes were observed, these were not clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that although three-dimensional changes in condylar head position are observed in @entity1 post SSRO, there are no significant changes that would clinically affect the @entity1 .

title: Condylar positioning changes following unilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy in XXXX with mandibular prognathism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['AHP', 'AHA', 'sagittal condylar head axis angle', 'axial condylar head position', 'frontal condylar head axis angle', 'SHA', 'FHA', 'axial condylar head axis angle']

entities_list: @entity3233 :: ('MESH:D008313', 'Disease') :: ['class III malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity7439 :: ('MESH:D005146', 'Disease') :: ['facial asymmetry']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Modeling cellular metabolism is fundamental for many biotechnological applications, including drug discovery and rational cell factory design. Central @entity505 metabolism (CCM) is particularly important as it provides the energy and precursors for other biological processes. However, the complex regulation of CCM pathways has still not been fully unraveled and recent studies have shown that CCM is mostly regulated at post-transcriptional levels. In order to better understand the role of allosteric regulation in controlling the metabolic phenotype, we expand the reconstruction of CCM in @entity526 with @entity13997 obtained from relevant databases. This model is used to integrate multi-omics datasets and analyze the coordinated changes in enzyme, metabolite, and flux levels between multiple experimental conditions. We observe cases where @entity13997 have a major contribution to the metabolic flux changes. Inspired by these results, we develop a constraint-based method (arFBA) for simulation of metabolic flux distributions that accounts for @entity13997 . This method can be used for systematic prediction of potential allosteric regulation under the given experimental conditions based on experimental data. We show that arFBA allows predicting coordinated flux changes that would not be predicted without considering allosteric regulation. The results reveal the importance of key regulatory metabolites, such as @entity4567 , in controlling the metabolic flux. Accounting for @entity13997 in metabolic reconstructions reveals a hidden topology in metabolic networks, improving our understanding of cellular metabolism and fostering the development of novel simulation methods that account for this type of regulation.

title: Modeling the Contribution of Allosteric Regulation for Flux Control in the Central @entity505 Metabolism of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4567 :: ('MESH:C029063', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose-1,6-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity13997 :: ('MESH:C563663', 'Disease') :: ['allosteric interactions']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Modeling cellular metabolism is fundamental for many biotechnological applications, including drug discovery and rational cell factory design. Central @entity505 metabolism (CCM) is particularly important as it provides the energy and precursors for other biological processes. However, the complex regulation of CCM pathways has still not been fully unraveled and recent studies have shown that CCM is mostly regulated at post-transcriptional levels. In order to better understand the role of allosteric regulation in controlling the metabolic phenotype, we expand the reconstruction of CCM in @entity526 with @entity13997 obtained from relevant databases. This model is used to integrate multi-omics datasets and analyze the coordinated changes in enzyme, metabolite, and flux levels between multiple experimental conditions. We observe cases where @entity13997 have a major contribution to the metabolic flux changes. Inspired by these results, we develop a constraint-based method (arFBA) for simulation of metabolic flux distributions that accounts for @entity13997 . This method can be used for systematic prediction of potential allosteric regulation under the given experimental conditions based on experimental data. We show that arFBA allows predicting coordinated flux changes that would not be predicted without considering allosteric regulation. The results reveal the importance of key regulatory metabolites, such as @entity4567 , in controlling the metabolic flux. Accounting for @entity13997 in metabolic reconstructions reveals a hidden topology in metabolic networks, improving our understanding of cellular metabolism and fostering the development of novel simulation methods that account for this type of regulation.

title: Modeling the Contribution of Allosteric Regulation for Flux Control in the Central XXXX Metabolism of @entity526 .

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study investigated the projections of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (Gi) and its neighbors-the dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (DPGi), the alpha/ventral part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (GiA/V), and the lateral paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (LPGi)-to the @entity19 spinal cord by injecting the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the Gi, DPGi, GiA/ @entity24396 , and LPGi. The Gi projected to the entire spinal cord bilaterally with an ipsilateral predominance. Its fibers traveled in both the ventral and lateral funiculi with a greater presence in the ventral funiculus. As the fibers descended in the spinal cord, their density in the lateral funiculus increased. The terminals were present mainly in laminae 7-10 with a dorsolateral expansion caudally. In the lumbar and sacral cord, a considerable number of terminals were also present in laminae 5 and 6. Contralateral fibers shared a similar pattern to their ipsilateral counterparts and some fibers were seen to cross the midline. Fibers arising from the DPGi were similarly distributed in the spinal cord except that there was no dorsolateral expansion in the lumbar and sacral segments and there were fewer fiber terminals. Fibers arising from GiA/V predominantly traveled in the ventral and lateral funiculi ipsilaterally. Ipsilaterally, the density of fibers in the ventral funiculus decreased along the @entity2270 , whereas the density of fibers in the lateral funiculus increased. They terminate mainly in the medial ventral horn and lamina 10 with a smaller number of fibers in the dorsal horn. Fibers arising from the LPGi traveled in both the ventral and lateral funiculi and the density of these fibers in the ventral and lateral funiculi decreased dramatically in the lumbar and sacral segments. Their terminals were present in the ventral horn with a large portion of them terminating in the motor neuron columns. The present study is the first demonstration of the termination pattern of fibers arising from the Gi, DPGi, GiA/ @entity24396 , and LPGi in the @entity19 spinal cord. It provides an anatomical foundation for those who are conducting @entity1566 and locomotion related research.

title: Terminations of reticulospinal fibers originating from the gigantocellular reticular formation in the XXXX spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['rostrocaudal axis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In some conditions, female sexual behavior in ovariectomized @entity35 can be induced by continuous exposure of @entity53 (E2) alone or by a single injection of a high dose of the long-lasting, esterified @entity4520 (EB). However, there are inconsistencies in the literature on the role of @entity172 during priming or in the facilitation on female sexual behavior in EB-primed @entity35 , as well as the cellular mechanisms involved. Either subcutaneous (sc) or intracerebral (icv) administration of some doses of free unesterified E2, induced @entity1515 in EB-primed @entity35 . Either sc or icv injection of E2, immediately prior to testing, induced high levels of sexual receptivity when the female @entity35 were primed with an EB sc injection of 2  g EB. The roles of @entity1420 receptor (PR) and @entity172 receptor on @entity1515 induced by sc or icv administration of E2 were explored. @entity440 or @entity3927 administrated sc or icv; each reduced @entity1515 induced by E2. Similarly, antisense oligonucleotides directed at @entity27557 or total PR (PR-A + @entity27557 ) administrated icv immediately before EB injection inhibited @entity1515 induced by daily injections of EB. These results suggest that @entity1515 facilitated by free E2 is dependent on priming dose of EB. Furthermore both ERs and PRs are involved in this action of E2. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Sexual Receptivity Facilitated by Unesterified @entity53 : Dependence on @entity172 and Progestin Receptors and Priming Dose of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

answer: @entity4520 :: (MESH:C074283,Chemical) :: ['Estradiol Benzoate']