abstract: Laboratory studies have suggested that rapidly alternating chemotherapy and radiation therapy might act synergistically. We undertook this study to evaluate the @entity137 and effectiveness of this approach in @entity1 with @entity189 involving the hypopharynx or esophagus. Between 1987 and 1991, we treated 47 @entity1 (23 with @entity189 involving the hypopharynx and 24 with @entity189 involving the esophagus) by three cycles of chemotherapy (during weeks 1, 4, and 7) rapidly alternating with twice-a-day radiation therapy (during weeks 2, 5, and 8). Chemotherapy consisted of @entity900 100 mg/m2 and @entity1487 3-4 g/m2 given over 4 days. Radiation therapy consisted of 180-200 cGy twice each day to 2000 cGy/cycle, total 6000 cGy over 7 weeks. The histology was @entity957 in 44 @entity1 and @entity420 in 3 @entity1 with @entity5 . Median follow-up is 2 years (range 1-5 years). The observed survival rate for all 47 @entity1 was 54% at 1 year and 38% at 2 years. Acute @entity137 was considerable. Twelve @entity1 (25%) died during therapy from @entity137 , without @entity5 progression, leaving 35 @entity1 (18 hypopharynx, 17 esophagus) evaluable for response. Among the hypopharyngeal @entity1 , 83% had a complete response, 11% had a partial response, and 6% had no response. Among the esophageal @entity1 , 94% had a complete response, and 6% had a partial response. Local control was better for the esophageal @entity1 than the hypopharyngeal @entity1 (98% vs. 52% at 2 years, p = 0.038). The incidence of distant metastases was 25% at 2 years and not significantly different between the two groups. A high rate of local control was achieved, particularly in @entity418 , by delivering chemotherapy and radiation therapy in a rapidly alternating fashion. This was achieved at a considerable cost in terms of @entity137 , however. Although our response rates and local control compare favorably with those of other recently published studies of combined modality therapy in esophagus or @entity135 , much additional work is required to reduce the @entity137 and, in @entity5 , to further improve the local control.

title: Chemotherapy rapidly alternating with twice-a-day accelerated radiation therapy in XXXX involving the hypopharynx or esophagus: an update.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'esophagus cancer', 'hypopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: Flow cytometry was evaluated as a method of assessing in vitro the effects of leukocytes on blood-stage @entity3964 . @entity23410 is converted by metabolizing cells to @entity5611 , a nucleic acid fluorochrome. After incubation with @entity23410 , viable and dead leukocytes and parasitized and uninfected erthrocytes could all be identified on the basis of fluorescence intensity and size. Leukocytes can therefore be eliminated from further analysis; this allows assessment, at any parasite developmental stage, of the level of @entity5895 within erythrocytes in the presence of any of several types of leukocytes. Whether leukocytes actually kill intraerythrocytic parasites can therefore be determined and the level of @entity137 can be assessed. The ability of leukocytes to prevent merozoites from invading new erythrocytes, i.e., inhibition of parasite invasion, can also be assessed by this method. When erythrocytes containing schizont-stage parasites were cocultured with different leukocyte populations and the level of @entity5895 was determined after merozoite release and invasion, only cultures containing gamma delta T cells inhibited parasite invasion. The different blood-stage forms of the parasite vary in nucleic acid content, which allows each of the developmental stages to be distinguished by flow cytometry; this permits assessment of changes in parasite development in the presence of leukocytes. @entity15835 ( @entity15835 ) appeared to have an effect on parasite development. In this instance, when erythrocytes containing ring-form parasites were cocultured with @entity15835 and harvested 24 h later, the parasites in cultures containing @entity15835 were at the late schizont stage, whereas parasites in control cultures were early trophozoites; this finding suggests that @entity15835 accelerate parasite development. Together, these results indicate that flow cytometry is potentially useful for measuring the following effects mediated by leukocytes: (i) level of @entity137 , (ii) changes in parasite development, and (iii) inhibition of parasite invasion.

title: Use of @entity23410 and flow cytometry to assess the effects of leukocytes on the malarial parasite XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium']

entities_list: @entity23410 :: ('MESH:C058428', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroethidine', 'hydroethidine']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity15835 :: ('MESH:D055501', 'Disease') :: ['Monocyte-derived macrophages', 'MDMs']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: Flow cytometry was evaluated as a method of assessing in vitro the effects of leukocytes on blood-stage @entity3964 . @entity23410 is converted by metabolizing cells to @entity5611 , a nucleic acid fluorochrome. After incubation with @entity23410 , viable and dead leukocytes and parasitized and uninfected erthrocytes could all be identified on the basis of fluorescence intensity and size. Leukocytes can therefore be eliminated from further analysis; this allows assessment, at any parasite developmental stage, of the level of @entity5895 within erythrocytes in the presence of any of several types of leukocytes. Whether leukocytes actually kill intraerythrocytic parasites can therefore be determined and the level of @entity137 can be assessed. The ability of leukocytes to prevent merozoites from invading new erythrocytes, i.e., inhibition of parasite invasion, can also be assessed by this method. When erythrocytes containing schizont-stage parasites were cocultured with different leukocyte populations and the level of @entity5895 was determined after merozoite release and invasion, only cultures containing gamma delta T cells inhibited parasite invasion. The different blood-stage forms of the parasite vary in nucleic acid content, which allows each of the developmental stages to be distinguished by flow cytometry; this permits assessment of changes in parasite development in the presence of leukocytes. @entity15835 ( @entity15835 ) appeared to have an effect on parasite development. In this instance, when erythrocytes containing ring-form parasites were cocultured with @entity15835 and harvested 24 h later, the parasites in cultures containing @entity15835 were at the late schizont stage, whereas parasites in control cultures were early trophozoites; this finding suggests that @entity15835 accelerate parasite development. Together, these results indicate that flow cytometry is potentially useful for measuring the following effects mediated by leukocytes: (i) level of @entity137 , (ii) changes in parasite development, and (iii) inhibition of parasite invasion.

title: Use of XXXX and flow cytometry to assess the effects of leukocytes on the malarial parasite @entity3964 .

answer: @entity23410 :: (MESH:C058428,Chemical) :: ['hydroethidine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 are the most common cranial @entity5 in adults. Skull metastases from rare @entity5 , such as @entity201 or @entity788 , are extremely uncommon and rarely reported. Given the scarcity and variation of these rare skull metastases, treatments and outcomes of such @entity1 are of interest to treating surgeons.The authors describe the treatment algorithm, course, and outcomes of 2 @entity1 with rare gastrointestinal skull metastases. The first @entity1 had @entity1419 metastatic to the skull, while the second @entity1 developed a solitary skull @entity3 secondary to a @entity788 . As part of this report, the authors include a literature review of rare skull metastases as well as the treatment of these 2 @entity1 .Both the @entity1 ultimately underwent successful resection of the @entity5 for relief of their clinical symptoms. Wide resections in both @entity1 necessitated reconstruction using a free latissimus dorsi muscle @entity1912 in both the @entity1 . Preoperative embolization of the hypervascular @entity201 skull @entity3 was performed prior to resection in the first @entity1 . To date, there have been only 4 such reports of skull metastases from @entity1419 and limited reported cases of isolated skull metastases from a @entity788 .In @entity1 with large or numerous skull @entity3 from rare @entity5 , surgical resection should be considered for symptomatic improvement. In cases of @entity75 , preoperative embolization can be considered to decrease the @entity954 . Free tissue transfers using myocutaneous flaps such as latissimus dorsi help in obliterating dead space, and creating a healthy soft tissue envelope to withstand postoperative radiation treatment. In addition, a chimeric @entity1912 can be designed to include additional muscle or soft tissue to obliterate and exclude the sinus cavities.

title: Reconstruction of Rare Skull Metastases Using Free Latissimus Dorsi XXXX and the Role of Preoperative Embolization in Hypervascular Skull Tumors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypervascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: A @entity2667 fluorescence assay (PIA) was developed to characterize the in vitro growth of @entity1 @entity5 cell lines as well as to test the cytotoxic activity of standard compounds. @entity2667 (PI) was used as a dye which penetrates only damaged cellular membranes. Intercalation complexes are formed by PI with double-stranded DNA which effect an amplification of the fluorescence. Incubation of the total cell population with PI and subsequent fluorescence detection allowed assessment of the number of non-vital cells (first measurement). After freezing the cells at -20 degrees C for 24 h PI had access to total DNA leading to total cell population counts (second measurement). The number of viable cells was calculated by the difference between these two measurements. In the proliferation and @entity137 assays 5 x 10(3) cells per well were plated in 96 multiwells and finally stained with 50 micrograms/ml PI in 25 microliters for 10 min. A correlation between the log of cell number and the log of fluorescence units could be demonstrated over a 2.5-3 log range (r = 0.97). The lower limit of cell detection was 150-500 cells/wells. In @entity137 assays eight clinically used cytostatics were tested which effected a clear dose-response relationship (r = 0.93-0.98) and high reproducibility (r = 0.92). In conclusion, this assay is a simple and rapid test system, the main advantages are the absence of any washing steps and the small number of @entity5 cells necessary for drug testing. The PIA can easily be used for cell number determinations in biological and pharmacological studies.

title: Development of a @entity2667 fluorescence assay for proliferation and XXXX assays.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide', 'Propidium iodide']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: A @entity2667 fluorescence assay (PIA) was developed to characterize the in vitro growth of @entity1 @entity5 cell lines as well as to test the cytotoxic activity of standard compounds. @entity2667 (PI) was used as a dye which penetrates only damaged cellular membranes. Intercalation complexes are formed by PI with double-stranded DNA which effect an amplification of the fluorescence. Incubation of the total cell population with PI and subsequent fluorescence detection allowed assessment of the number of non-vital cells (first measurement). After freezing the cells at -20 degrees C for 24 h PI had access to total DNA leading to total cell population counts (second measurement). The number of viable cells was calculated by the difference between these two measurements. In the proliferation and @entity137 assays 5 x 10(3) cells per well were plated in 96 multiwells and finally stained with 50 micrograms/ml PI in 25 microliters for 10 min. A correlation between the log of cell number and the log of fluorescence units could be demonstrated over a 2.5-3 log range (r = 0.97). The lower limit of cell detection was 150-500 cells/wells. In @entity137 assays eight clinically used cytostatics were tested which effected a clear dose-response relationship (r = 0.93-0.98) and high reproducibility (r = 0.92). In conclusion, this assay is a simple and rapid test system, the main advantages are the absence of any washing steps and the small number of @entity5 cells necessary for drug testing. The PIA can easily be used for cell number determinations in biological and pharmacological studies.

title: Development of a XXXX fluorescence assay for proliferation and @entity137 assays.

answer: @entity2667 :: (MESH:D011419,Chemical) :: ['propidium iodide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: To determine the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of @entity96 (ALPPS) in a single high-volume hepatobiliary center. BACKGROUND:: The ALPPS approach allows achieving resectability of @entity409 by a rapid and large future liver remnant (FLR) @entity1184 . However, this proposal has been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS:: This was a single-cohort, prospective, observational study [NCT02164292]. Between June 2011 and April 2014, @entity1 with @entity409 considered unresectable due to an insufficient FLR who underwent ALPPS were included. RESULTS:: Thirty @entity1 were treated. Median age was 58.6 years (range = 35-81) and 19 @entity1 were males (63%). In a median of 6 days (range = 4-67), the median FLR @entity1184 was 89.7% (range = 21-287). Twenty-nine @entity1 completed the second stage (97% feasibility). Morbidity according to the Dindo-Clavien classification was 53% (grade >= IIIa 43% and grade >= IIIb 31%). The mortality rate was 6.6%. Total parenchymal transection was identified as an independent risk factor for complications (P = 0.049). There was not significant difference in terms of FLR @entity1184 between total or partial parenchymal transection (P = 0.45). Median hospital stay was 16 days (range = 11-62). The overall and disease-free survival at 1 year was 78% and 67% and at 2 years was 63% and 40%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:: This prospective study on the largest reported single-center experience shows that ALPPS has acceptable morbidity and mortality, together with a high oncological feasibility and @entity1184 efficacy. Partial parenchymal transection seems to reduce morbidity without negatively impacting FLR @entity1184 .

title: Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy Offers High Oncological Feasibility With Adequate XXXX Safety: A Prospective Study at a Single Center.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver malignancies']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: @entity7140 ( @entity7140 ) carries a high mortality in the critically ill @entity1 . This is partly due to the delay in its diagnosis. Clinical diagnostic examinations are often misleading. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the use of laparoscopy as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the critically ill @entity1 suspected of having @entity7140 . From May 1993 to January 1994, we evaluated 10 critically ill @entity1 . Mean age was 56 years (range 17-90 years). Nine of the @entity1 were @entity130 victims (8 blunt, 1 penetrating). The other @entity1 was postcoronary bypass surgery. The laparoscopy was done after a mean of 15 days (range 6-54 days) after ICU admission. All @entity1 were receiving ventilatory support, and all @entity1 had elevated temperatures of greater than 38.5 degrees C. Five @entity1 had abdominal tenderness, and 6 had elevated liver function tests (LFT). Six laparoscopies were done under local anesthesia and IV sedation at the bedside, and 4 were done in the operating room. All @entity1 tolerated the procedure well with no complications. The laparoscopic findings were @entity2679 in 2 @entity1 . They both underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomies in the operating room. We elected to drain a very distended gallbladder in 1 @entity1 , who eventually was found to have an @entity3509 of the chest. The other 7 examinations were normal. Six of these @entity1 recovered and were discharged. Our results suggest that laparoscopy can be used in the diagnosis of @entity7140 . Its positive and negative findings are valuable in the treatment of the critically ill. It can be done safely at the bedside.

title: XXXX : the use of diagnostic laparoscopy.

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['gangrenous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity7140 :: ('MESH:D042101', 'Disease') :: ['Acalculous cholecystitis', 'acalculous cholecystitis', 'AC']

answer: @entity7140 :: (MESH:D042101,Disease) :: ['Acalculous cholecystitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Orexigenic mediators can impact the hypothalamic feeding circuitry via the activation of @entity860 -dependent protein kinase (AMPK). Given that @entity251 is an orexigenic hormone, we hypothesized that androgenic changes in energy balance are due to enhanced cannabinoid-induced inhibition of anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin ( @entity43313 ) neurons via activation of AMPK. To this end, whole animal experiments were carried out in gonadectomized male @entity840 treated subcutaneously with either @entity3033 (TP; 400 g) or its @entity5420 oil vehicle (0.1mL). TP-treated animals displayed increases in energy intake associated with increases in meal size. TP also increased several indices of energy expenditure, as well as the pAMPK/AMPK ratio in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) measured 2 and 24 hours post-treatment. Subcutaneous administration of the CB1 receptor antagonist @entity14513 (3mg/kg) rapidly blocked the hyperphagic effect of TP. This was largely mimicked upon third ventricular administration of @entity14513 (10 g). Electrophysiologic studies revealed that TP potentiated the ability of the cannabinoid receptor agonist @entity10024 to decrease the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in ARC neurons. TP also increased the basal frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. In addition, depolarization-induced suppression (DSE) is potentiated in cells from TP-treated animals, and blocked by @entity14513 . The AMPK inhibitor Compound C attenuated DSE from TP-treated animals, whereas AMPK activator @entity2449 enhanced DSE from vehicle-treated animals. These effects occurred in a sizable number of identified @entity43313 neurons. Collectively, these results indicate that the @entity342 -induced increases in energy intake are mediated via an AMPK-dependent augmentation in endocannabinoid tone onto @entity43313 neurons.

title: The role of XXXX -activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the androgenic potentiation of cannabinoid-induced changes in energy homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity860 :: (MESH:D000249,Chemical) :: ['AMP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technique and therapeutic effect of sternoclavicular hook plate fixation in treating @entity2720 . METHODS: From January 2010 to March 2014,6 @entity1 with @entity2720 were treated with sternoclavicular hook plate fixation in our hospital. Among the 6 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 were male and 1 @entity1 was female, and the average age was 34 years, ranging from 26 to 48 years. The course of the disease ranged from 3 to 20 days. All the SCJ dislocations were caused by external injury and accompanied with the symptoms of @entity158 and obvious shoulder joint activity restricted in affected side. All SCJ dislocations were @entity1347 by the diagnosis of X-ray and CT scan. The postoperative curative effect was evaluated according to Rockwood score. RESULTS: All the @entity1 ' operative incision were healed well and in good appearance. X-ray showed that the dislocated SCJ was well reduced and the plate was on right position. All the 6 @entity1 were followed up for 4 to 18 months, with an average of 12 months. The results were evaluated according to Rockwood score, 4 got excellent results, 1 good and 1 fair. No fixation loosening, redislocation or side injury such as vessel, nerve or @entity130 were found. CONCLUSION: With sternoclavicular hook plate fixation, @entity2720 could be reduced while keeping its amphiarthrodial function and the completeness of the cartilage surface. Sternoclavicular hook plate fixation has advantages of safety and stabilization in fixation, and @entity1 can begin function exercises earlier.

title: [Treatment of XXXX with sternoclavicular hook plate fixation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior dislocation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['swelling pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocation', 'SCJ dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pleura injury']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['sternoclavicular joint dislocation']


abstract: @entity295 is a leading cause of @entity1576 requiring mechanical ventilation, but the interaction between @entity295 and ventilation is unclear. While prior studies demonstrated a priming role with endotoxin, actual septic animal models have yielded conflicting results regarding the role of preceding @entity295 on development of subsequent ventilator-induced @entity651 (VILI). Using a @entity35 @entity1588 ( @entity1588 ) model of @entity295 and subsequent injurious ventilation, we sought to determine if @entity295 affects development of VILI. Adult male @entity35 were subject to @entity1588 or sham operation and, after 12 h, underwent injurious mechanical ventilation (tidal volume 30 ml/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure 0 cm @entity2507 ) for either 0, 60, or 120 min. Biochemical and physiological measurements, as well as computed tomography, were used to assess injury at 0, 60, and 120 min of ventilation. Before ventilation, @entity1588 @entity35 had higher levels of alveolar neutrophils and @entity3426 . After 60 min of ventilation, @entity1588 @entity35 had worse injury as evidenced by @entity32 , permeability, respiratory static compliance, @entity4 , oxygenation, and computed tomography. By 120 min, @entity1588 and sham @entity35 had comparable levels of @entity651 as assessed by many, but not all, of these metrics. @entity1588 @entity35 had an accelerated and worse loss of end-expiratory lung volume relative to sham, and consistently higher levels of alveolar @entity3426 . Loss of aeration and progression of @entity4 was more pronounced in dependent lung regions. We conclude that @entity1588 @entity55 in @entity35 , and accelerated the development of subsequent VILI.

title: Cecal ligation and puncture accelerates development of ventilator-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['increased alveolar inflammation']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['initiated pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1588 :: ('MESH:D002429', 'Disease') :: ['CLP', 'cecal ligation and puncture']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extremely preterm @entity1 are at risk for @entity245 ( @entity245 ). Early cranial ultrasound (CUS) is usual practice, but near-term brain MRI has been reported to better predict outcomes. We prospectively evaluated MRI @entity62 ( @entity62 ) and @entity76 , and serial CUS adverse findings as predictors of outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. METHODS: Early and late CUS, and brain MRI were read by masked central readers, in a large cohort (n = 480) of @entity1 <28 weeks' gestation surviving to near term in the Neonatal Research Network. Outcomes included @entity245 or @entity204 after neuroimaging, and significant gross @entity73 or @entity204 , with @entity245 defined as cognitive composite score <70, significant gross @entity73 , and severe @entity227 . Multivariable models evaluated the relative predictive value of neuroimaging while controlling for other factors. RESULTS: Of 480 @entity1 , 15 died and 20 were lost. Increasing severity of @entity62 and significant @entity76 on MRI were associated with adverse outcomes. @entity76 were rarely identified by CUS. In full multivariable models, both late CUS and MRI, but not early CUS, remained independently associated with @entity245 or @entity204 ( @entity76 : odds ratio, 3.0 [95% confidence interval: 1.3-6.8]; late CUS: odds ratio, 9.8 [95% confidence interval: 2.8-35]), and significant gross @entity73 or @entity204 . In models that did not include late CUS, MRI moderate-severe @entity62 was independently associated with adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Both late CUS and near-term MRI abnormalities were associated with outcomes, independent of early CUS and other factors, underscoring the relative prognostic value of near-term neuroimaging.

title: Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['hearing or visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental impairment', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar lesions', 'MRI cerebellar lesions', 'Cerebellar lesions']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMA', 'white matter abnormality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Many @entity64 @entity1 have pre-existing @entity73 . Plasma amyloid b peptides (Ab) - possible biomarkers of Alzheimer's pathology - induce @entity455 . Our objective was to evaluate factors influencing plasma Ab1-40 and Ab1-42 peptides in a cohort of @entity64 @entity1 . In the Biostroke study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00763217), we collected vascular risk factors, neuroimaging features and biological tests including Ab1-40 and Ab1-42. We used the Informant Questionnaire on @entity73 in the Elderly (IQCODE) to systematically assess the pre-existing cognitive status. Of 403 @entity1 (371 @entity63 ), 25 met criteria for pre-existing @entity303 , 142 for pre-existing @entity73 -no- @entity303 , and 236 had no PCoI. Ab1-42 was independently associated with PCoI (odds ratio 0.973; 95% confidence interval: 0.950-0.996; p=0.024). Factors associated with plasma Ab1-40 were age, smoking and @entity6 . After exclusion of @entity64 , the results remained unchanged, but blood samples taken less than 12 hours after onset were associated with lower plasma Ab1-40. Our results support a dissociated response of the 2 plasma Ab peptides in @entity64 @entity1 , plasma Ab1-40 being involved in vascular aspects whereas Ab1-42 might be involved in neurodegenerative processes.

title: Ab1-40 and Ab1-42 plasmatic levels in XXXX : influence of pre-existing cognitive status and @entity64 characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemorrhagic strokes']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive Decline', 'cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Many @entity64 @entity1 have pre-existing @entity73 . Plasma amyloid b peptides (Ab) - possible biomarkers of Alzheimer's pathology - induce @entity455 . Our objective was to evaluate factors influencing plasma Ab1-40 and Ab1-42 peptides in a cohort of @entity64 @entity1 . In the Biostroke study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00763217), we collected vascular risk factors, neuroimaging features and biological tests including Ab1-40 and Ab1-42. We used the Informant Questionnaire on @entity73 in the Elderly (IQCODE) to systematically assess the pre-existing cognitive status. Of 403 @entity1 (371 @entity63 ), 25 met criteria for pre-existing @entity303 , 142 for pre-existing @entity73 -no- @entity303 , and 236 had no PCoI. Ab1-42 was independently associated with PCoI (odds ratio 0.973; 95% confidence interval: 0.950-0.996; p=0.024). Factors associated with plasma Ab1-40 were age, smoking and @entity6 . After exclusion of @entity64 , the results remained unchanged, but blood samples taken less than 12 hours after onset were associated with lower plasma Ab1-40. Our results support a dissociated response of the 2 plasma Ab peptides in @entity64 @entity1 , plasma Ab1-40 being involved in vascular aspects whereas Ab1-42 might be involved in neurodegenerative processes.

title: Ab1-40 and Ab1-42 plasmatic levels in @entity64 : influence of pre-existing cognitive status and XXXX characteristics.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Case Description-A 6-year-old spayed female Border Collie was examined for a severe @entity85 of the right forelimb. Three months prior to examination, the @entity1 awkwardly fell off the couch and became acutely lame in the right forelimb, progressing to non-weight bearing over the following 72 hours. Clinical Findings-On physical examination, the @entity235 carried the limb caudally against the thoracic wall, with the shoulder flexed and elbow in extension. The right triceps brachii muscle was atrophied and contracted, resulting in a resistant tension band effect that precluded manipulation of the right elbow joint. The physical changes in the triceps muscle were considered the primary cause of the @entity1 's loss of limb function. Treatment and Outcome-Surgical treatment by means of elevation and transposition of the ipsilateral latissimus dorsi muscle was performed. The exposed triceps brachii muscles were transected 3 cm proximal to the tendons of insertion. Via a separate incision, the right latissimus dorsi muscle was elevated and tunneled subcutaneously beneath the interposing skin between the 2 surgical incisions. The muscle was then positioned and sutured to the proximal and distal borders of the divided triceps muscle group. Two weeks later, physical therapy was initiated. After 2 months, the @entity1 regularly walked on the limb most of the time (9/10 steps). Clinical Relevance-The surgical procedure for elevation and transposition of the latissimus dorsi muscle was relatively simple to perform. Physical therapy was an essential component to achieving the successful functional outcome in this case. This technique may be considered for treatment of similar @entity1 in which the triceps muscle group is severely compromised.

title: Triceps brachii muscle reconstruction with a latissimus dorsi muscle flap in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Definitive treatment of life-threatening @entity548 associated with blunt @entity174 remains controversial. To elucidate this issue, we reviewed 538 consecutive @entity1 admitted with acute @entity174 during a 5-year period. Injury mechanism was motor vehicular in 214 (40%), falls in 152 (28%), auto-pedestrian in 92 (17%), motorcycle in 46 (9%), crush in 26 (5%), and assault or skiing in eight (1%). Ninety-two (17%) of these @entity1 required greater than 6 units of blood transfusion during the first postinjury day, and are the primary focus of this report. Twenty-five @entity1 (28%) had unilateral anterior (Group I, n = 20) or posterior (Group II, n = 5) @entity174 . The remaining 67 @entity1 (72%) had anterior and posterior element involvement on the same side (Group II, n = 38), bilaterally (Group IV, n = 14), or open perineal wounds (Group V, n = 15). The @entity38176 was applied in 47 @entity1 (51%), and controlled @entity548 in 12 (71%) of the 17 in whom it was used alone to tamponade @entity548 . Peritoneal lavage was performed in 73 @entity1 (79%). Initial aspirate yielded gross blood in 32 @entity1 ; 27 (84%) of these required urgent laparotomy. @entity853 was applied in 19 @entity1 ; @entity548 was controlled in 18 (95%). Pelvic angiography identified active @entity548 in three @entity1 and selective embolization was successful in two. Sixty-eight (74%) of the high-risk @entity1 survived. Thirteen (54%) of the 24 deaths were attributable to the @entity530 , ten were due to recalcitrant @entity548 , and three to delayed @entity295 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity548 associated with major XXXX : a multispecialty challenge.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'pelvic fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'pelvic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['External skeletal fixation']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pelvic fracture']


abstract: Definitive treatment of life-threatening @entity548 associated with blunt @entity174 remains controversial. To elucidate this issue, we reviewed 538 consecutive @entity1 admitted with acute @entity174 during a 5-year period. Injury mechanism was motor vehicular in 214 (40%), falls in 152 (28%), auto-pedestrian in 92 (17%), motorcycle in 46 (9%), crush in 26 (5%), and assault or skiing in eight (1%). Ninety-two (17%) of these @entity1 required greater than 6 units of blood transfusion during the first postinjury day, and are the primary focus of this report. Twenty-five @entity1 (28%) had unilateral anterior (Group I, n = 20) or posterior (Group II, n = 5) @entity174 . The remaining 67 @entity1 (72%) had anterior and posterior element involvement on the same side (Group II, n = 38), bilaterally (Group IV, n = 14), or open perineal wounds (Group V, n = 15). The @entity38176 was applied in 47 @entity1 (51%), and controlled @entity548 in 12 (71%) of the 17 in whom it was used alone to tamponade @entity548 . Peritoneal lavage was performed in 73 @entity1 (79%). Initial aspirate yielded gross blood in 32 @entity1 ; 27 (84%) of these required urgent laparotomy. @entity853 was applied in 19 @entity1 ; @entity548 was controlled in 18 (95%). Pelvic angiography identified active @entity548 in three @entity1 and selective embolization was successful in two. Sixty-eight (74%) of the high-risk @entity1 survived. Thirteen (54%) of the 24 deaths were attributable to the @entity530 , ten were due to recalcitrant @entity548 , and three to delayed @entity295 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX associated with major @entity174 : a multispecialty challenge.

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhage']


abstract: Anticoagulation is the cornerstone in the treatment of @entity1150 . However, the treatment of septic deep vein @entity715 is controversial. Unlike septic superficial vein @entity715 , @entity1211 is often associated with limb-threatening or even life-threatening complications. Some authors have suggested thrombectomy as the only means of resolving the @entity295 . We reviewed our experience with seven @entity1 who had septic deep vein @entity715 . Phlebography or noninvasive studies documented deep vein @entity715 and @entity1503 were positive in all @entity1 . The mean age was 31.5 years with a male/female ratio of 5:2. All @entity1 were treated with anticoagulants and intravenous antibiotics. One @entity1 required surgical exploration for associated abscess of the groin. The @entity1 became afebrile with normal white blood cell counts from 3 to 18 days after therapy was begun. No cases of recurrent @entity295 occurred. We conclude that antibiotic therapy and anticoagulation are adequate treatment and therefore consider venous thrombectomy unnecessary.

title: Septic deep vein XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cultures']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous excision']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity765 is a very rare connective tissue disease which is recognized as semimalignant. The aim of this work is to review the relevant literature and to analyze the management of our @entity1 collective. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Surgery was performed on 7 @entity1 with @entity765 between August 1998 and May 2007. MRI examination as well as biopsy was carried out in all cases. All @entity1 were operated on; the mean follow up was 4 years (1-7). Upon follow up, every @entity1 has undergone clinical and MRI examination. RESULTS: The results show that we have achieved R0 resection in 4 cases and R1 in two cases and Rx in one case. In 4 @entity1 , no recurrence was observed after the single surgery performed in our hospital. In 2 @entity1 a single revision surgery was performed in each case and yielded no further recurrence. In only one case, multiple surgeries (one primary and two revision surgeries) were necessary, after which no recurrence was reported. CONCLUSION: The early diagnosis of the disease is of utmost importance to the success of the outcome. MRI examination and biopsy are mandatory. Surgery is the therapy of choice. The recurrence rate is high and is linked to the difficulty of recognition of the exact infiltrative extent of the @entity5 . This necessitates a close follow-up.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['extraabdominal desmoid fibromatosis', 'desmoid fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['extraabdominal desmoid fibromatosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) carries a small but not insignificant risk of @entity385 ( @entity385 ), most frequently observed within 24 hours of surgery, which can lead to the need for urgent vascular imaging in the immediate postoperative period. However, distinguishing expected versus pathological postoperative changes may not be straightforward on imaging studies of the carotid artery early after CEA. The authors aimed to describe routine versus pathological anatomical findings on CTA performed within 24 hours of CEA, and to evaluate associations between these CTA findings and @entity64 . METHODS The authors reviewed 113 consecutive adult @entity1 who underwent postoperative CTA within 24 hours of CEA at a single academic institution. Presence and location of arterial "flaps," luminal "step-off," intraluminal @entity715 and @entity1410 were documented from postoperative CTA scans. Medical records were reviewed to determine the incidence of new postoperative neurological findings. RESULTS Postoperative CTA findings included common carotid artery (CCA) step-off (63.7%), one or more intraarterial flaps (27.4%), @entity1410 at the surgical site (15.9%), and new intraluminal @entity715 (7.1%). Flaps were seen in the external carotid artery (ECA), internal carotid artery (ICA), and CCA in 18.6%, 9.7%, and 6.2% of @entity1 , respectively. New postoperative neurological findings were present in 7.1% of @entity1 undergoing CTA. Flaps (especially ICA/CCA) and/or intraluminal thrombi were more frequently seen in @entity1 undergoing CTA for new @entity64 (85.7%) versus @entity1 undergoing CTA for routine postoperative imaging (14.3%, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS CTA within 24 hours of CEA demonstrates characteristic anatomical findings. CCA step-offs and ECA flaps are relatively common and clinically insignificant, whereas @entity6455 /CCA flaps and thrombi are less frequently seen and are associated with @entity64 .

title: 64-detector CT angiography within 24 hours after carotid endarterectomy and correlation with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative stroke/TIA']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['stroke/transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['postoperative stroke']


abstract: Background. @entity299 often involve chronic pressure overload of the right ventricle (RV) which is a major cause of @entity4266 . Pulmonary artery (PA) banding has been used to produce animal models of @entity4266 . We have devised a new and easier method of constricting the PA and compared it directly with the partial ligation method. Methods. Eight-week-old male @entity35 (240-260   g) were divided into three groups: sham operation, partial pulmonary artery ligation (PAL) procedure, and pulmonary artery half-closed clip (PAC) procedure. RV function and remodeling were determined by echocardiography and histomorphometry. Results. Surgical mortality was significantly lower in the PAC group while echocardiography revealed significantly more signs of @entity4266 . At the 8th week after surgery RV @entity82 rate was significantly higher in the PAC group. Conclusions. This procedure of pulmonary artery banding in @entity35 is easier and more efficient than partial ligation.

title: Novel Model of Pulmonary Artery Banding Leading to Right Heart Failure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart diseases']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: We performed a retrospective study of autoimmune conditions (ACs) in 235 @entity9595 probands at diagnosis by analyzing age, sex, ACs, history of first-degree @entity792 ( @entity753 ), @entity6 , heavy @entity1068 consumption, elevated serum ALT/ @entity6571 , @entity1561 , @entity99 , @entity82 , @entity68 removed to achieve @entity68 depletion (QFe), and positivity for human @entity4107 haplotypes A (   ) 01, B (   ) 08; A (   ) 02, B (   ) 44; A (   ) 03, B (   ) 07; A (   ) 03, B (   ) 14; and A (   ) 29, B (   ) 44. There were 138 @entity1 (58.7%). Median followup was 19.6   y. One or more of 19 ACs were diagnosed in each of 35 probands (14.9%). Prevalences of @entity2621 , @entity309 , and @entity1691 were 8.1% (95% CI: [5.1, 12.5]), 1.7% [0.6, 4.6], and 0.0085 [0.0015, 0.0337], respectively. Eighteen probands (7.7%) had a @entity753 . Eight probands with ACs had 9 @entity792 . In a logistic regression, ACs were less likely in @entity1 (odds ratio (OR) 0.3 [0.1, 0.6]) and more likely in probands with a @entity753 (OR 4.1 [1.4, 11.8]). Overall ACs risk was not significantly associated with QFe or @entity4107 haplotypes. Estimated survival of probands with and without ACs did not differ significantly. We conclude that ACs are common in @entity9595 probands, especially @entity1 and probands with a @entity753 .

title: Autoimmune Conditions in 235 XXXX Probands with HFE C282Y Homozygosity and Their First-Degree Relatives.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA)', 'HLA']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['family members with ACs']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity9595 :: (MESH:D006432,Disease) :: ['Hemochromatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity1 's position during an axillary thoracotomy can cause @entity282 and decrease mobility of the @entity717 . In this study, we assessed whether the implementation of a standardized analgesia program using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) decreases @entity158 and improves @entity717 mobility. METHOD: Randomized, single-blind, single-center clinical trial of 50 @entity1 who had undergone anatomical lung resection via axillary muscle-sparing thoracotomy. @entity1 were treated with TENS devices for 30minutes every 8hours, beginning on postoperative day 1. @entity158 and mobility of the affected limb were recorded at the same time on postoperative days1 through3. A visual analogue scale was used for @entity158 assessment and shoulder mobility was assessed with a goniometer. Results were compared using a non-parametric test. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were randomized to each group. Mean age of the control group was 62.7  9.3years and 63.4  10.2years in the experimental group. Shoulder mobility parameters were similar in both groups on all postoperative days. However, @entity158 during flexion significantly decreased on day2 (P=.03) and day3 (P=.04) in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The use of TENS decreases @entity158 from shoulder flexion in @entity1 undergoing axillary thoracotomy for pulmonary resection.

title: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Reduces Post-Thoractomy Ipsilateral Shoulder XXXX . A Prospective Randomized Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral shoulder']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'local pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We prepared a bone scaffold material comprising a @entity7050 / @entity28687 core and a Type I collagen cladding, and recombined it with bone @entity236 stem cells (BMSCs) to evaluate its potential for use in bone tissue engineering by in vivo and in vitro experiments. @entity7050 / @entity28687 without a cladding was used for comparison. The adherence rate of the BMSCs to the scaffold was determined by cell counting. Cell proliferation rate was determined by the @entity2454 method. The osteogenic capability was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity. The scaffold materials were recombined with the BMSCs and implanted into a large segmental @entity95 radial defect model to evaluate defect repair. Osteogenesis was assessed in the scaffold materials by histological and double immunofluorescence labeling, etc. The adherence number, proliferation number, and alkaline phosphatase expression of the cells on the bone scaffold material with core-cladding structure were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the @entity7050 / @entity28687 composite scaffold material (P < 0.05). An in vivo test indicated that the bone scaffold material with core-cladding structure completely degraded at the bone defect site and bone formation was completed. The @entity95 large sentimental radial defect was successfully repaired. The degradation and osteogenesis rates matched well. The bone scaffold with core-cladding structure exhibited better osteogenic activity and capacity to repair a @entity79 compared to the @entity7050 / @entity28687 composite scaffold. The bone scaffold with core-cladding structure has excellent physical properties and biocompatibility. It is an ideal scaffold material for bone tissue engineering.

title: Repairing XXXX radial defects by combining bone @entity236 stem cells with bone scaffold material comprising a core-cladding structure.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['large segmental bone defect']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow stroma']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We prepared a bone scaffold material comprising a @entity7050 / @entity28687 core and a Type I collagen cladding, and recombined it with bone @entity236 stem cells (BMSCs) to evaluate its potential for use in bone tissue engineering by in vivo and in vitro experiments. @entity7050 / @entity28687 without a cladding was used for comparison. The adherence rate of the BMSCs to the scaffold was determined by cell counting. Cell proliferation rate was determined by the @entity2454 method. The osteogenic capability was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity. The scaffold materials were recombined with the BMSCs and implanted into a large segmental @entity95 radial defect model to evaluate defect repair. Osteogenesis was assessed in the scaffold materials by histological and double immunofluorescence labeling, etc. The adherence number, proliferation number, and alkaline phosphatase expression of the cells on the bone scaffold material with core-cladding structure were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the @entity7050 / @entity28687 composite scaffold material (P < 0.05). An in vivo test indicated that the bone scaffold material with core-cladding structure completely degraded at the bone defect site and bone formation was completed. The @entity95 large sentimental radial defect was successfully repaired. The degradation and osteogenesis rates matched well. The bone scaffold with core-cladding structure exhibited better osteogenic activity and capacity to repair a @entity79 compared to the @entity7050 / @entity28687 composite scaffold. The bone scaffold with core-cladding structure has excellent physical properties and biocompatibility. It is an ideal scaffold material for bone tissue engineering.

title: Repairing @entity95 radial defects by combining bone XXXX stem cells with bone scaffold material comprising a core-cladding structure.

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['marrow stroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Why @entity1 with @entity716 use cannabis remains debated. The self-medication hypothesis has received some support but other evidence points towards an alleviation of dysphoria model. This study investigated the reasons for cannabis use in first-episode @entity716 (FEP) and whether strength in their endorsement changed over time. METHODS: FEP inpatients and outpatients at the South London and Maudsley, Oxleas and Sussex NHS Trusts UK, who used cannabis, rated their motives at baseline (n=69), 3 months (n=29) and 12 months (n=36). A random intercept model was used to test the change in strength of endorsement over the 12 months. Paired-sample t-tests assessed the differences in mean scores between the five subscales on the Reasons for Use Scale (enhancement, social motive, coping with unpleasant affect, conformity and acceptance and relief of positive symptoms and side effects), at each time-point. RESULTS: Time had a significant effect on scores when controlling for reason; average scores on each subscale were higher at baseline than at 3 months and 12 months. At each time-point, @entity1 endorsed 'enhancement' followed by 'coping with unpleasant affect' and 'social motive' more highly for their cannabis use than any other reason. 'Conformity and acceptance' followed closely. 'Relief of positive symptoms and side effects' was the least endorsed motive. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 endorsed their reasons for use at 3 months and 12 months less strongly than at baseline. Little support for the self-medication or alleviation of dysphoria models was found. Rather, @entity1 rated 'enhancement' most highly for their cannabis use.

title: Reasons for cannabis use in first-episode XXXX : Does strength of endorsement change over 12 months?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: To develop a clinically relevant and qualitative brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system for acute stage @entity772 @entity1167 @entity1 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity772 post- @entity1167 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled. Routine brain MRI sequences were scored by two independent and blinded experts. Predefined brain regions were qualitatively scored on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences according to the severity of the abnormality on a scale from 0 to 4. The mean score provided by the raters determined poor outcome defined under the Cerebral Performance Categories 3, 4, or 5. DWI scans were repeated after @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ). The same qualitative scoring system was applied and results were compared to the initial scores. RESULTS: Out of 24 recruited @entity1 , 19 with brain MRI scans were included. Of the 19 included @entity1 , seven showed a good outcome at hospital discharge and 12 @entity1 showed poor neurologic outcome. Median time from the arrest to the initial DWI was 166min (IQR 114-240min). At 100% specificity, the overall, cortex, and cortex plus deep grey nuclei scores predicted poor @entity1 outcome with a sensitivity of 91.7-100% (95% CI). Follow-up DWI scans after @entity2332 showed worse results than initial scans. CONCLUSION: A qualitative MRI scoring system effectively assessed the severity of @entity1545 following @entity1167 . The scoring system may provide useful prognostic information in @entity772 @entity1167 @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging performed before XXXX in predicting clinical outcome in @entity772 @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'cardiopulmonary arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['TH', 'therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['therapeutic hypothermia']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: To develop a clinically relevant and qualitative brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system for acute stage @entity772 @entity1167 @entity1 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity772 post- @entity1167 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled. Routine brain MRI sequences were scored by two independent and blinded experts. Predefined brain regions were qualitatively scored on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences according to the severity of the abnormality on a scale from 0 to 4. The mean score provided by the raters determined poor outcome defined under the Cerebral Performance Categories 3, 4, or 5. DWI scans were repeated after @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ). The same qualitative scoring system was applied and results were compared to the initial scores. RESULTS: Out of 24 recruited @entity1 , 19 with brain MRI scans were included. Of the 19 included @entity1 , seven showed a good outcome at hospital discharge and 12 @entity1 showed poor neurologic outcome. Median time from the arrest to the initial DWI was 166min (IQR 114-240min). At 100% specificity, the overall, cortex, and cortex plus deep grey nuclei scores predicted poor @entity1 outcome with a sensitivity of 91.7-100% (95% CI). Follow-up DWI scans after @entity2332 showed worse results than initial scans. CONCLUSION: A qualitative MRI scoring system effectively assessed the severity of @entity1545 following @entity1167 . The scoring system may provide useful prognostic information in @entity772 @entity1167 @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging performed before @entity2332 in predicting clinical outcome in XXXX @entity1167 .

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['comatose']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: To develop a clinically relevant and qualitative brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system for acute stage @entity772 @entity1167 @entity1 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity772 post- @entity1167 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled. Routine brain MRI sequences were scored by two independent and blinded experts. Predefined brain regions were qualitatively scored on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences according to the severity of the abnormality on a scale from 0 to 4. The mean score provided by the raters determined poor outcome defined under the Cerebral Performance Categories 3, 4, or 5. DWI scans were repeated after @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ). The same qualitative scoring system was applied and results were compared to the initial scores. RESULTS: Out of 24 recruited @entity1 , 19 with brain MRI scans were included. Of the 19 included @entity1 , seven showed a good outcome at hospital discharge and 12 @entity1 showed poor neurologic outcome. Median time from the arrest to the initial DWI was 166min (IQR 114-240min). At 100% specificity, the overall, cortex, and cortex plus deep grey nuclei scores predicted poor @entity1 outcome with a sensitivity of 91.7-100% (95% CI). Follow-up DWI scans after @entity2332 showed worse results than initial scans. CONCLUSION: A qualitative MRI scoring system effectively assessed the severity of @entity1545 following @entity1167 . The scoring system may provide useful prognostic information in @entity772 @entity1167 @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging performed before @entity2332 in predicting clinical outcome in @entity772 XXXX .

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest survivors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The significance of pre-arrest factors in out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) witnessed by emergency medical services (EMS) is not well established. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between prodromal symptoms and pre-arrest clinical observations on the arresting rhythm and survival in EMS witnessed OHCA. METHODS: Between 1st January 2003 and 31st December 2011, 1056 adult EMS witnessed arrests of a presumed cardiac aetiology were identified from the Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry. Pre-arrest prodromal features and clinical characteristics were extracted from the @entity1 care record. Backward elimination logistic regression was used to identify pre-arrest factors associated with an initial shockable rhythm and survival to hospital discharge. RESULTS: The median age was 73.0 years, 690 (65.3%) were male, and the rhythm of arrest was shockable in 465 (44.0%) cases. The most commonly reported prodromal symptoms prior to arrest were @entity662 (48.8%), dyspnoea (41.8%) and altered consciousness (37.8%). An unrecordable systolic blood pressure was observed in 34.4%, a respiratory rate <13 or >24min(-1) was present in 43.1%, and 45.5% had a Glasgow @entity772 score <15. In the multivariable analysis, the following pre-arrest factors were significantly associated with survival: age, public location, aged care facility, @entity662 , arm or shoulder @entity158 , dyspnoea, @entity1296 , @entity391 , @entity1165 , pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, Glasgow @entity772 score, @entity117 and inotrope administration. CONCLUSION: Pre-arrest factors are strongly associated with the arresting rhythm and survival following EMS witnessed OHCA. Potential opportunities to improve outcomes exist by way of early recognition and management of @entity1 at risk of OHCA.

title: The significance of pre-arrest factors in out-of-hospital XXXX witnessed by emergency medical services: A report from the Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrests']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrests']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate functional outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in @entity1 with acute @entity174 and sequelae of the @entity6342 . METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 were treated with RSA for acute @entity174 and sequelae of a @entity6342 . The average age was 73  years (range 50-87 years). Twenty-one @entity1 had had no previous surgery, seven @entity1 had acute @entity174 and 14 @entity1 had chronic @entity174 . Sixteen @entity1 had had previous surgery. Active range of motion and Constant score were evaluated at a minimum follow-up of two  years. RESULTS: Active elevation was 102  , external rotation 24  , and internal rotation was up to L4 in all @entity1 . In the group of @entity1 without previous surgery treated with RSA, elevation was 116  , external rotation 24  , and internal rotation up to L3. In the group of @entity1 with previous surgery treated with RSA, elevation was 84  , external rotation 19  , and internal rotation up to L4. In the group of @entity1 with acute @entity174 treated with RSA, elevation was 124  , external rotation 28  , and internal rotation up to L4. In the group of @entity1 with chronic or sequel of the @entity174 treated with RSA elevation was 114   , external rotation 28  , and internal rotation up to L3. Constant score in all @entity1 was 54. Constant score in @entity1 without previous surgery treated with RSA was 68 and with previous surgery it was 42. CONCLUSION: @entity1 without previous surgery treated with RSA for @entity174 had better functional results than @entity1 who had undergone previous surgery.

title: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in acute XXXX provides better results than in revision procedures for @entity174 sequelae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fracture', 'proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate functional outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in @entity1 with acute @entity174 and sequelae of the @entity6342 . METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 were treated with RSA for acute @entity174 and sequelae of a @entity6342 . The average age was 73  years (range 50-87 years). Twenty-one @entity1 had had no previous surgery, seven @entity1 had acute @entity174 and 14 @entity1 had chronic @entity174 . Sixteen @entity1 had had previous surgery. Active range of motion and Constant score were evaluated at a minimum follow-up of two  years. RESULTS: Active elevation was 102  , external rotation 24  , and internal rotation was up to L4 in all @entity1 . In the group of @entity1 without previous surgery treated with RSA, elevation was 116  , external rotation 24  , and internal rotation up to L3. In the group of @entity1 with previous surgery treated with RSA, elevation was 84  , external rotation 19  , and internal rotation up to L4. In the group of @entity1 with acute @entity174 treated with RSA, elevation was 124  , external rotation 28  , and internal rotation up to L4. In the group of @entity1 with chronic or sequel of the @entity174 treated with RSA elevation was 114   , external rotation 28  , and internal rotation up to L3. Constant score in all @entity1 was 54. Constant score in @entity1 without previous surgery treated with RSA was 68 and with previous surgery it was 42. CONCLUSION: @entity1 without previous surgery treated with RSA for @entity174 had better functional results than @entity1 who had undergone previous surgery.

title: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in acute @entity174 provides better results than in revision procedures for XXXX sequelae.

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: To investigate the seasonal variations in ambulatory blood pressure patterns, 24-h blood pressure was measured every 15 minutes noninvasively in ten young normotensive @entity1 . Urine was collected every 4 hours. The examinations were repeated in spring, summer, autumn, and winter in a standardized living environment. The 24-h average @entity551 did not differ significantly among the seasons. Similarly, there were no significant differences in the average values of either daytime or nighttime blood pressure. In contrast, the average pulse rate during nighttime was significantly higher in winter than in summer (64 +/- 2 beats/min vs. 59 +/- 2 beats/min, p < 0.05). The variabilities of either blood pressure or pulse rate did not change significantly among the seasons. The mesors and acrophases of both @entity551 , determined by a single cosinor method, were not significantly different among the seasons. On the other hand, the acrophase of pulse rate appeared significantly later in winter (16:19) compared with those in spring (14:54), summer (14:42), and autumn (14:21). Urine volume and urinary excretion of @entity1063 were significantly greater in winter than in summer. These results indicate that the 24-h pattern of blood pressure is reproducible and shows no seasonal difference in young normotensive @entity1 .

title: Seasonal variation in 24-h blood pressure pattern of young normotensive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. BACKGROUND: A case of an athlete with @entity9286 has not been previously reported although there have been a number of case reports and case series of non-athletes with @entity9286 . This case study reports motor control intervention for an amateur baseball pitcher with @entity912 of the right trapezius who lost pitching control after changing his pitching technique. The subject was able to restore ball control during overhead throwing after physiotherapy. CASE DESCRIPTION: The subject of this case report was a 20-year-old amateur male baseball pitcher, who presented with long-standing @entity912 of the right trapezius and a six month history of loss of ball control with shoulder @entity158 during pitching. He was seen for a second opinion following unsuccessful conservative management and underwent physiotherapy to restore his ball control during pitching. Restriction of cervical rotation range of motion and decreased position sense during shoulder abduction and external rotation were revealed in the physical examination. Proprioceptive exercise was commenced with and without visual feedback to acquire a reproducible abduction angle in the cocking phase of a baseball pitch. His pitching form was modified to ensure his arm was being raised effectively in the cocking phase. Pitching drills that were utilized were targeted motor control of the upper quarter, and were progressed in steps. Cervical joint mobilization was undertaken to allow adequate range of motion for visualization of the target while pitching. OUTCOMES: His position sense and cervical range of motion were restored. His pitching control was restored with conservative therapy on by the eighth week of intervention. DISCUSSION: The subject was able to return to competitive level of amateur baseball with accurate ball control. This case report demonstrates that achievement of control of a skilled upper quarter activity, such as baseball pitching, is possible with conservative management even in the presence of paralysis of trapezius, a major contributor to the movement. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 (single case report).

title: Motor control training for an amateur baseball pitcher with XXXX of trapezius: a case report.

entities_list: @entity9286 :: ('MESH:D061227', 'Disease') :: ['accessory nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['isolated paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['isolated paralysis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the initial and follow-up CT features of @entity401 associated with anti-synthetase syndrome ( @entity5427 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two independent thoracic radiologists retrospectively analysed thin-section CT images obtained at diagnosis of @entity5427 in 33 @entity1 (17 positive for anti-Jo1, 13 for anti-PL12, and three for anti-PL7 antibodies). They evaluated the pattern, distribution and extent of the @entity854 . They also evaluated the change in findings during follow-up (median 27 months; range 13-167 months) in 26 @entity1 . RESULTS: At diagnosis, ground-glass opacities (100%), reticulations (87%) and traction @entity4595 (76%) were the most common CT findings. Consolidations were present in 45% of @entity1 . A @entity401 ( @entity401 ), @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ) or mixed @entity55 pattern were observed in 15 out of 33 (45%), seven out of 33 (21%) and eight out of 33 (24%) @entity1 , respectively, whereas the CT pattern was indeterminate in three @entity1 . During follow-up, consolidations decreased or disappeared in 11 out of 12 @entity1 (92%), among which seven within the first 6 months, but honeycombing progressed or appeared in ten out of 26 @entity1 (38%) and overall disease extent increased in nine out of 26 @entity1 (35%). CONCLUSION: CT features at diagnosis of @entity5427 mainly suggest @entity401 and @entity3616 , isolated or in combination. Consolidations decrease or disappear in most cases but the disease may progress to @entity82 in more than one third of @entity1 .

title: XXXX in anti-synthetase syndrome: Initial and follow-up CT findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['NSIP-OP CT']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['organizing pneumonia', 'OP']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['CT abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['NSIP', 'non-specific interstitial pneumonia', 'interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['Interstitial lung disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this paper, based on the Flemish biomonitoring programs, we describe the associations between internal exposure to organochlorine pollutants and to @entity3409 (measured in 2004-2005 for adults aged 50-65 years) and self-reported health status obtained through a questionnaire in November 2011. Dioxin-like activity in serum showed a significant positive association with risk of @entity5 for @entity1 . After adjustment for confounders and covariates, the odds ratio for an exposure equal to the 90th percentile was 2.4 times higher than for an exposure equal to the 10th percentile. For both @entity1 and @entity1 @entity8710 -like activity and serum @entity15213 (HCB) showed a significant positive association with risk of @entity6 and of @entity101 . Detailed analysis suggested that an increase in BMI might be part of the mechanism through which @entity15213 contributes to @entity6 and @entity101 . Serum @entity5980 ( @entity5980 ) concentration showed a significant positive association with @entity6 and @entity101 in @entity1 , but not in women. Serum polychlorinated biphenyl ( @entity5241 ) 118 showed a significant positive association with @entity6 in both @entity1 and @entity1 , and after adjustment for correlated exposures, also with @entity101 in @entity1 . Urinary @entity3409 concentrations showed a significant positive association with @entity101 . Urinary @entity3409 concentrations were (in 2004-2005) significantly higher in @entity1 who felt in less than good health (in 2011) than in @entity1 who felt in very good health. After adjustment for correlated exposures (to HCB, @entity5980 and @entity65154 ) marker @entity3215 showed a significant negative association with @entity6 and @entity101 . Serum @entity5980 showed in @entity1 a significant negative association with risk of diseases based on atheromata. Our findings suggest that exposure to pollutants can lead to an important increase in the risk of diseases such as @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity101 . Some pollutants may possibly also decrease the risk of some health problems, although this requires confirmation by other approaches.

title: Internal exposure to organochlorine pollutants and XXXX and self-reported health status: A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity15213 :: ('MESH:D006581', 'Chemical') :: ['HCB', 'hexachlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5980 :: ('MESH:D003633', 'Chemical') :: ["p,p'-DDE", 'dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: @entity1 @entity153 is thought to develop through progressive stages from @entity1491 to @entity1544 , @entity1141 , @entity2735 , and finally invasive @entity5 . In this study, we used tissue microdissection to examine loss of heterozygosity of chromosomes 3p21, 5q21, and 9p21 at each stage of the epithelial progression to invasive @entity5 . Forty-eight premalignant/malignant bronchial sites were biopsied from 13 @entity1 (including 9 subjects without @entity5 ) using fluorescence bronchoscopy. Eighteen sites with moderate/severe @entity1141 in 6 @entity1 were subjected to bronchoscopic and molecular follow-up during a 3-month to 2-year period. Seven separate cases of advanced @entity1149 were also analyzed. From the baseline biopsies, the prevalence of 3p and 9p deletions increased significantly from no deletion in the @entity1373 /metaplasia samples (n = 9) to 37 and 31% of the informative cases, respectively, in the @entity1141 samples (n = 29), to 100 and 83%, respectively, for the @entity189 in situ (n = 6), and 100% in the invasive @entity5 (n = 11). Chromosome 5q deletion was significantly more frequent in invasive @entity5 (70% of the informative cases) as compared to @entity2735 (40%), @entity1141 (33%), and @entity1373 /metaplasia samples (11%). The number of chromosome alterations also increased significantly from the lowest to the highest grade lesions, showing evidence of accumulation of @entity74 from one group to another. The molecular follow-up analysis showed that the same genomic alteration can persist in a given @entity6349 bronchial area for several months or years, and that the persistence or the regression of the @entity74 is well correlated with the evolution of the disease on follow-up. Our results suggest that molecular analysis of bronchial biopsies obtained by fluorescence bronchoscopy may be a very useful means to study the natural history of preinvasive @entity2488 and the outcome of interventions, such as with chemopreventive treatment.

title: Evidence of cumulative gene losses with progression of XXXX of the bronchus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell bronchial cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic damage', 'molecular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'dysplasias']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['premalignant epithelial lesions to carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Affective disturbances involving alterations of mood, @entity148 and @entity146 may be early symptoms of medical illnesses. The aim of this paper was to provide a systematic review of the literature with qualitative data synthesis. METHODS: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched from inception to February 2014. Search terms were 'prodrome/early symptom', combined using the Boolean 'AND' operator with ' @entity148 / @entity308 / @entity162 /hypomania/ @entity146 /irritable mood/hostility', combined with the Boolean 'AND' operator with 'medical illness/medical disorder'. PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS: A total of 21 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. @entity308 was found to be the most common affective prodrome of medical disorders and was consistently reported in @entity699 , @entity1375 , @entity2742 , @entity788 , @entity583 , @entity2360 , and @entity791 . @entity162 , @entity148 and @entity146 were less frequent. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians may not pursue medical workup of cases that appear to be @entity146 in nature. They should be alerted that disturbances in mood, @entity148 and @entity146 may antedate the appearance of a medical disorder.

title: Mood and XXXX as early manifestations of medical illness: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorders']


abstract: Forty male and 40 female @entity35 were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups. Half of the animals of each gender were exercised by jumping (weighted by a vest with up to 70% body weight) to a height of 16 cm 20 times X d-1 (30 s between jumps) 5 d X wk-1 for 8 wk. Half of the exercised animals and half of the sedentary animals were injected with the anabolic @entity134 durabolin (0.2 mg in 0.1 ml @entity5420 seed oil) 6 d X wk-1 for the last 3 wk of the 8-wk exercise program. The other animals were injected with 0.1 ml of @entity5420 seed oil (as a placebo) on the same schedule. At the end of the 8-wk program, blood was drawn from the right atria of the anesthetized animals. Plasmas were analyzed for total @entity165 (TC) and high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) concentrations. Low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) concentration was estimated as the difference between these two parameters (TC - HDL-C). A three-factor analysis of variance (2 X 2 X 2) demonstrated that there was a significant (P less than 0.05) gender effect (males greater than females), but no @entity134 or exercise main effects for TC. There were significant (P less than 0.05) @entity134 and exercise main effects for both HDL-C and estimated LDL-C, as well as a significant gender main effect for estimated LDL-C (but not HDL-C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of exercise and anabolic steroids on total and lipoprotein XXXX concentrations in male and female @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Forty male and 40 female @entity35 were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups. Half of the animals of each gender were exercised by jumping (weighted by a vest with up to 70% body weight) to a height of 16 cm 20 times X d-1 (30 s between jumps) 5 d X wk-1 for 8 wk. Half of the exercised animals and half of the sedentary animals were injected with the anabolic @entity134 durabolin (0.2 mg in 0.1 ml @entity5420 seed oil) 6 d X wk-1 for the last 3 wk of the 8-wk exercise program. The other animals were injected with 0.1 ml of @entity5420 seed oil (as a placebo) on the same schedule. At the end of the 8-wk program, blood was drawn from the right atria of the anesthetized animals. Plasmas were analyzed for total @entity165 (TC) and high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) concentrations. Low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) concentration was estimated as the difference between these two parameters (TC - HDL-C). A three-factor analysis of variance (2 X 2 X 2) demonstrated that there was a significant (P less than 0.05) gender effect (males greater than females), but no @entity134 or exercise main effects for TC. There were significant (P less than 0.05) @entity134 and exercise main effects for both HDL-C and estimated LDL-C, as well as a significant gender main effect for estimated LDL-C (but not HDL-C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of exercise and anabolic steroids on total and lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations in male and female XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The incidence of @entity14 is increasing. Approximately 20% of @entity1 present with untreatable, disseminated disease. The remaining 80% are generally treated by intended curative resection. Unfortunately, about 40% of the Dukes B2 and C @entity1 will develop recurrent disease. Of these @entity1 , about one third will develop hepatic @entity3 , one fifth @entity358 , one fifth @entity1320 , one tenth retroperitoneal @entity3 , and one twentieth anastomotic recurrences. @entity5 @entity1 may have pelvic recurrence rates as high as one third. Unfortunately, only about one fifth of the Dukes B2 and C @entity1 will initially develop recurrences at only one site and are, thus, potentially curable. Indeed, when considering all @entity14 @entity1 , resectable recurrences will be detected in the liver in only 2%, regional recurrences in about 10%, in the lungs in 2%, anastomotic recurrences in less than 1%, and in the ovaries in 1%. In general, long-term survival can be achieved in about 30% of these @entity1 with salvage surgery. The goal of intensive follow-up programs has been to identify these sole site recurrences at an earlier, asymptomatic stage and thereby improve survival. Unfortunately this laudable goal has not been achieved. Intensive (and expensive) follow-up programs consistently achieve long-term survival in 0% to 4% of @entity1 . Reliance on symptoms, however, achieves remarkably similar end results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sensitivity versus cost effectiveness in postoperative follow-up for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether integrated @entity419 -PET/MRI can improve the diagnostic workup in @entity1 with cardiac masses. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 were prospectively assessed using integrated cardiac @entity419 -PET/MRI: 16 @entity1 with cardiac masses of unknown identity and four @entity1 with @entity299 after surgical therapy. All scans were performed on an integrated 3-T PET/MR device (mMR Biograph, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). The MR protocol consisted of HASTE, cine and T2-weighted images as well as T1-weighted images before and after injection of @entity2288 . PET data acquisition was performed simultaneously to the MR scan after injection of 199  58 MBq @entity419 . @entity1 were prepared with a high-fat, low- @entity1735 diet in a period of 24 hours before the examination and 50 IU/kg of unfractionated heparin were administered intravenously 15 minutes prior the @entity419 injection. RESULTS: Cardiac masses were diagnosed as follows: 3 x metastases, 1 x direct tumor infiltration via pulmonary vein, 2 x local relapse of @entity242 after surgery, 1 @entity2109 , 2 x scar/patch tissue after surgery of @entity242 , 4 x @entity3291 , 1 x fibroelastoma, 3 x caseous calcification of mitral annulus (CCMA), 3 x @entity715 . SUVmax in malignant lesions was significantly higher than in non-malignant cases (13.2  6.2 vs. 2.3  1.2, P = 0.0004). Using a threshold of >=  5.2, SUVmax was found to yield 100% sensitivity and 92% specificity for the differentiation between malignant and non-malignant cases. T2-weighted hyperintensity and contrast-enhancement both yielded 100% sensitivity, but a weak specificity of 54% and 46%, respectively. Morphologic tumor features as assessed by cine MRI yielded 86% sensitivity and 92% specificity. Consent reading using all available MR features yielded 100% sensitivity and 92% specificity. A Boolean 'AND' combination of SUVmax >=  5.2 with consent MRI reading improved sensitivity and specificity to 100%. CONCLUSION: In selected @entity1 , @entity419 -PET/MRI can improve the noninvasive diagnosis and follow-up of cardiac masses.

title: Integrated XXXX -PET/MRI in the assessment of cardiac masses: A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['primary sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity2288 :: ('MESH:C090600', 'Chemical') :: ['gadobutrol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: The @entity1 metallothionein ( @entity20671 ) IB gene ( @entity15928 ) is located in a region of @entity1 DNA containing at least four tandemly arranged @entity20671 genes. As deduced from its sequence, @entity15928 is likely to encode a functional protein. However, the predicted @entity535 sequence differed from the @entity20671 -I @entity535 sequence in four positions. Most remarkable was the presence of an additional @entity462 . Like other @entity20671 genes, @entity15928 has at least two copies of the metal-responsive element upstream from the transcription initiation site. These elements probably are responsible for the metal responsiveness of the @entity15928 promoter, leading to inducible expression of fused heterologous genes. Unlike the @entity20671 -IIA and @entity20671 -IA genes described previously, which are expressed in many different cell types, a high level of expression of the endogenous @entity15928 gene could be detected only in @entity1 @entity157 and @entity703 cell lines. Therefore, this is the first @entity20671 gene described which exhibits tissue specificity of expression. This specificity is controlled by a cis-acting mechanism involving methylation, since incubation of nonexpressing cells with an inhibitor of DNA methylation led to activation of the @entity15928 gene. In support of this notion, we found that the 5' flanking region of the @entity15928 gene was highly methylated in HeLa cells, a nonexpressing cell type, but it was not methylated in a @entity157 (expressing) cell line.

title: Structure and tissue-specific expression of the @entity1 XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity15928 :: (4490,Gene) :: ['metallothionein IB']


abstract: The @entity1 metallothionein ( @entity20671 ) IB gene ( @entity15928 ) is located in a region of @entity1 DNA containing at least four tandemly arranged @entity20671 genes. As deduced from its sequence, @entity15928 is likely to encode a functional protein. However, the predicted @entity535 sequence differed from the @entity20671 -I @entity535 sequence in four positions. Most remarkable was the presence of an additional @entity462 . Like other @entity20671 genes, @entity15928 has at least two copies of the metal-responsive element upstream from the transcription initiation site. These elements probably are responsible for the metal responsiveness of the @entity15928 promoter, leading to inducible expression of fused heterologous genes. Unlike the @entity20671 -IIA and @entity20671 -IA genes described previously, which are expressed in many different cell types, a high level of expression of the endogenous @entity15928 gene could be detected only in @entity1 @entity157 and @entity703 cell lines. Therefore, this is the first @entity20671 gene described which exhibits tissue specificity of expression. This specificity is controlled by a cis-acting mechanism involving methylation, since incubation of nonexpressing cells with an inhibitor of DNA methylation led to activation of the @entity15928 gene. In support of this notion, we found that the 5' flanking region of the @entity15928 gene was highly methylated in HeLa cells, a nonexpressing cell type, but it was not methylated in a @entity157 (expressing) cell line.

title: Structure and tissue-specific expression of the XXXX @entity15928 gene.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Disturbances in intestinal motility have been described since XIX century, with a not very well understood pathogenesis and few therapeutic approaches. Considering chewing as an important stimulus to promote intestinal motility we designed this study to assess the efficacy of chewing gum to improve the @entity86 , and the clinical relevance of this intervention. METHODS: Were included @entity1 who underwent for elective left hemicolectomy during January 2007 to December 2008. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive chewing gum or nothing during the post-surgery period. The main outcomes assessed were duration of @entity86 , and reduction in hospitalization days. RESULTS: During the period of the study were included 32 @entity1 , were included mainly @entity1 (11 and 9 in treated and control @entity1 , respectively). The first defecation after surgery procedure occurs at (44.2    17.6 h) in the treated group and (55.5    14.8 h) in the control group (p = 0.05). In the same way oral tolerance was achieved faster in the treated group (p= 0.05). The hospital stay duration was not different among treated and not treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of chewing gum in @entity1 after elective left hemicolectomy, reduce the duration of the @entity86 . However, this does not reduce the hospital stay duration.

title: [Usefulness of chewing gum for the resolution of XXXX in left colon resections].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative ileus']


abstract: Molecular signatures in @entity463 ( @entity463 ) have been described that correlate with clinical outcome and response to therapy. The Proneural (PN) and @entity361 ( @entity361 ) signatures have been identified most consistently, but others including Classical (CLAS) have also been reported. The molecular signatures have been detected by array techniques at RNA and DNA level, but these methods are costly and cannot take into account individual contributions of different cells within a @entity5 . Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether subclasses of newly diagnosed GBMs could be assessed and assigned by application of standard pathology laboratory procedures. 123 newly diagnosed GBMs were analyzed for the @entity5 cell expression of 23 pre-identified proteins and @entity470 amplification, together allowing for the subclassification of 65% of the @entity5 . Immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based profiling was found to be analogous to transcription-based profiling using a 9-gene transcriptional signature for PN and @entity361 subclasses. Based on these data a novel, minimal IHC-based scheme for subclass assignment for GBMs is proposed. Positive staining for IDH1R132H can be used for PN subclass assignment, high @entity470 expression for the CLAS subtype and a combined high expression of @entity983 , @entity2277 and/or @entity9086 for the @entity361 subclass. The application of the proposed scheme was evaluated in an independent @entity5 set, which resulted in similar subclass assignment rates as those observed in the training set. The IHC-based subclassification scheme proposed in this study therefore could provide very useful in future studies for stratification of individual @entity1 samples.

title: Subclassification of Newly Diagnosed XXXX through an Immunohistochemical Approach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['MES', 'Mesenchymal']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Glioblastomas']