abstract: This prospective study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh. The objective was to identify the time required to control high blood pressure levels in @entity2143 @entity1 by injection of @entity2514 in a bolus intravenous dose vs continuous drip. Seventy-seven @entity1 with @entity3036 and @entity101 emergencies comprised the target population. @entity1 were managed either by @entity2514 drip in normal saline (existing official protocol, n = 33) or @entity2514 bolus injection (as experiment, n = 44) until diastolic blood pressure fell to 90-95 mmHg. Results were compared. Student's t-test was done for statistical significance, and a P value of <.05 was considered as significant. The groups were similar with respect to maternal age and their mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the time of enrollment. @entity1 who received bolus injection required less time to achieve the therapeutic goal (65.23 +/- 23.38 minutes) than continuous drip (186.36 +/- 79.77 minutes; P <.001). The experimental group also required significantly lower doses (6.68 +/- 1.66 mg) in comparison to that required by control group (20.07 +/- 11.38 mg; P <.001). There was no overshoot @entity551 in either group. The data suggest that @entity2514 bolus dose is equally safe and more effective than continuous drip in the management of @entity101 emergencies in pregnancy.

title: Management of XXXX emergencies of pregnancy by @entity2514 bolus injection vs continuous drip--a comparative study.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Moderate reductions (< or = 15%) in body @entity1017 , similar to those observed after administration of some chemopreventive agents in chemically induced mammary @entity5 models, will result in @entity5 (up to 55%). The objective of this study was to determine whether changes in mammary gland differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and @entity53 and @entity1420 levels are affected by moderate reductions in body weight induced after chemopreventive agent treatment and dietary restriction. The body weights of female @entity35 were reduced by dietary restrictions to match those of @entity35 receiving @entity11069 ( @entity11069 ) at a dose known to inhibit @entity7044 ( @entity7045 )-induced mammary @entity5 . @entity11069 supplementation or dietary restrictions began 1 wk before MNU administration at 50 days of age. Mammary gland differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and serum levels of @entity53 and @entity1420 were measured at 50, 57, and 71 days of age. Casein expression, proliferating cellular nuclear antigen expression, and apoptosis were not significantly different from controls in the dietary-restricted group. Proliferating cellular nuclear antigen expression was significantly lower in @entity11069 -treated animals than in controls at 57 days of age. The diameter of the mammary gland ducts was smaller at 71 days of age in the treatment groups. A decrease in @entity53 levels for each group was observed at 50 days of age, but not at later time points. @entity1420 levels were reduced in the @entity11069 group, but not in the dietary-restricted group, during each time period. It would appear that the observed decrease in mammary @entity5 observed with moderate reductions in body @entity1017 might be due to multiple related factors different from those related to @entity11069 treatment.

title: Effects of body XXXX reduction resulting from chemopreventive agent treatment on mammary gland morphology.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'decreased mammary cancers']

entities_list: @entity11069 :: ('MESH:D017313', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxyphenylretinamide', '4-HPR']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['methylnitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: The question of whether hormonal manipulation is effective in the treatment of stage D1 @entity263 has yet to be determined conclusively. To study this question a retrospective review was conducted of 68 @entity1 with stage D1 disease. Of the @entity1 22 underwent immediate orchiectomy, 24 delayed orchiectomy and 11 exogenous antiandrogen treatment (8 immediate and 3 delayed treatment), and 11 had no @entity342 deprivation. The @entity1 were placed into 2 groups consisting of those receiving immediate hormonal deprivation (30) and those having treatment at the time of bone @entity3 or who are as yet untreated (38). The minimum followup was 60 months. The median interval to progression to bone @entity3 was 43 months in the delayed treatment group compared to 100 months in the immediate hormonal deprivation group. This difference was statistically significant (p equals 0.0087). Likewise, the median period from diagnosis to @entity204 was 90 months in the delayed treatment group and 150 months in the immediate treatment group. This difference was not significant (p equals 0.1110). Thus, orchiectomy or adequate @entity342 deprivation from our data significantly prolongs the interval to bone @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity263 limited to the pelvic lymph nodes. The apparent increased length of survival of the immediate treatment group lacks statistical confirmation.

title: The value of testosterone deprivation in stage D1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer', 'carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: In the first revised version of the Dutch College of General Practitioners' practice guideline ' @entity3556 ' a distinction is made between excessive (cyclical), irregular, breakthrough and @entity548 . The diagnostic guidelines are aimed at identifying possible causes. However, in a considerable number of @entity1 no underlying cause is found and the @entity548 is assumed to be caused by hormonal fluctuations, for instance shortly after the menarche or premenopausal. Other causes can be: @entity1868 , an intra-uterine device (IUD), medication, or @entity1204 . Furthermore, lesions of the perineum, @entity8376 , a @entity4134 , @entity1047 , @entity2622 , imminent @entity5852 or ectopic pregnancy also have to be excluded. In this practice guideline, the management guidelines are limited to the treatment of @entity548 from the endometrium. In most cases @entity548 caused by hormonal fluctuations is self-limiting. However, symptomatic treatment with @entity7828 or sub-50 oral contraceptives is possible. NSAIDs taken during the first three days of menstruation are the second-choice treatment in @entity1 with excessive @entity548 . @entity927 or a @entity2692 -releasing IUD are other possibilities. Postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity3556 , first of all have to be examined by means of a cervical smear and transvaginal ultrasonography, to exclude an @entity1204 . They can initially be reassured if the ultrasonography reveals an endometrial thickness of 4 mm or less. In the case of persistent or recurrent @entity3556 , they should still be referred to a gynaecologist.

title: [Summary of the standard " XXXX " (first revision) of the Dutch College of General Practitioners].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding', 'Vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestogens']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['vulva or vagina']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['Tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia infection']

answer: @entity3556 :: (MESH:D014592,Disease) :: ['Vaginal bleeding']


abstract: Insect @entity238 S2 cells were developed as a plasmid-based and therefore nonlytic expression system for functional foreign proteins. Transfection is an important step to introduce foreign target DNA into cells and should be properly optimized to obtain maximum production yield. Single factor search (SFS) methodology is still generally used to determine optimal condition in a biological system. Although this method is relatively simple to perform, it has many disadvantages such as not considering interactions between several factors and not covering the entire region of the solution pool. Therefore, we approached this optimization problem statistically with response surface (RSM) and evolutionary operation (EVOP) methodologies and compared the transfection efficiencies with the traditional SFS method. We employed secreted green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter for determination of optimal transfection condition and secreted @entity1 @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) as a confirming foreign model protein. Consequently, we arrived at the best optimal transient transfection condition (1 microg of plasmid DNA, 5 microg of lipofectin, 2 x 10(6) cells of initial cell number, and 18 h of transfection duration time) through a systematic access in a series of SFS, RSM, and EVOP. The secreted @entity1307 yield using optimal transient transfection condition by EVOP methodology was enhanced by about 1.8-fold compared to that of traditional SFS. This optimized transient transfection condition can be used as a basis for optimal stable transfections. A linear relationship between secreted GFP fluorescence intensity and secreted @entity1307 concentration indicated that facile and noninvasive determination of optimal transfection conditions for expression and secretion of foreign proteins in S2 cell cultures was made possible by simple measurement of GFP fluorescence.

title: Facile and statistical optimization of transfection conditions for secretion of foreign proteins from insect XXXX S2 cells using green fluorescent protein reporter.

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'hEPO']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of early tangential excision on the prevention of the progression of deep partial @entity121 burn wound. METHODS: Twelve burn @entity1 with deep partial @entity121 burn wound were enrolled and received tangential excision of the burn wound within 24 postburn hours (PBHs). The histological samples were harvested from the wound before and 5 - 7 postoperative days (PODs) after the operation and the wound without operation 5 - 7 @entity227 ( @entity227 ). The samples were observed by means of HE staining, Masson's staining and the labelling of @entity2277 antigen positive cells by immunohistological skill. RESULTS: The inflammatory reaction of the burn wound without operation aggravated progressively along with that of disease and the tissue @entity39 area enlarged. And the residual skin appendages disappeared due to the enhanced inflammatory reaction. The brown area expanded and light green area shrinked by Masson's staining. The @entity2277 antigen positive cell count decreased significantly. But in the burn wound being performed tangential excision within 24 PBHs, focal inflammatory reaction exhibited evident ligher than that in burn wound without operation. Moreover, there appeared fresh granulation formation and partial epithelial coverage with no enlarged @entity39 tissue area in the operated wound when compared with that in non-operated wound (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the light green area exhibited no obvious shrinking by Masson's staining and the @entity2277 antigen positive cell count was much more in the operation area than that in non-operative area (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It might be beneficial to the host to perform tangential excision within 24 PBHs, which could remove burn wound @entity39 tissue in time and hamper the progression of @entity3145 . The healing process of deep partial @entity121 burn wound was therefore accelerated.

title: [Histological observation of the effects of tangential excision within twenty-four postburn hours on the progressive injury of the progression of deep partial XXXX burn wound].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['PBDs', 'postburn days']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue degenerative injury']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['thickness']


abstract: On review, all @entity1031 in mechanical heart valves start from a @entity715 lining that covers the suture ring. The @entity715 organizes to a fibrous white sheet over the suture ring, which then can protrude out over the polished surface of the @entity340 . Pieces of the @entity715 can be knocked off by the disc and cause emboli. To diminish @entity1031 , one must either prevent this @entity715 from protruding into the groove between the suture ring and the valve flange or allow the @entity715 to be organized as a thin covering with endothelium-like cells as a continuation from the suture ring over the valve flange. This type of covering was obtained during a short period of anticoagulation by applying a microporous surface to the Bj  rk-Shiley Monostrut mitral valve. These valves were implanted in one set of @entity1237 and the conventional Bj  rk-Shiley Monostrut mitral valve, with a polished surface, in another set of @entity1237 (control group). The two groups were then compared with regard to the incidence of @entity1031 encountered during 1 year's follow-up without anticoagulation. The @entity1237 were put to death and examination revealed the following observations: In the control group, (1) a varying amount of @entity715 formation was found in the groove between the suture ring and the flange in all nine @entity1237 and (2) @entity715 formation did not start on the polished struts or discs in any of the nine @entity1237 . In the group with the microporous Monostrut mitral valve, 19 animals were put to death and examined: (1) The endothelialized covering over the suture ring, thinner when @entity505 coated, continued over the microporous flange, tapering off in the center of the orifice in all 19 valves on the ventricular side and in 14 of the 19 valves on the atrial side; (2) the center of the orifice and the struts were never completely covered by endothelialized tissue because of high flow; (3) there was an increased incidence of small @entity715 formation on the disc-contacting microporous surface of both inflow and outflow struts. Therefore these surfaces should not be coated but left polished.

title: The porous metal-surfaced heart valve. Long-term study without long-term anticoagulation in mitral position in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic complications']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve ring flange']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: Over a period of one year we treated nine @entity174 ofhe sesamoid bones of the hallux, five of which were in the medial sesamoid. All @entity1 had symptoms on exercise, but only one had a recent history of injury. The mean age of the @entity1 was 27 years (17 to 45) and there were six @entity1 . The mean duration of symptoms was nine months (1.5 to 48). The diagnosis was based on clinical and radiological investigations. We describe a new surgical technique for percutaneous screw fixation for these @entity174 using a Barouk screw. All the @entity1 were assessed before and after surgery using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Score (AOFAS). There was a statistically significant improvement in the mean score from 46.9 to 80.7 (p = 0.0003) after fixation of the @entity174 with a rapid resolution of symptoms. All @entity1 returned to their previous level of activity by three months. We believe that this relatively simple technique is an excellent method of treatment in appropriately selected @entity1 .

title: Percutaneous screw fixation for XXXX of the sesamoid bones of the hallux.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Application of guidelines to improve clinical decisions for @entity497 ( @entity497 ) @entity1 depends on accurate information about specific facts of each case and on presenting guideline support at the time decisions are being made. We report here on a system designed to solicit information from physicians about their @entity497 @entity1 in order to classify @entity497 and present appropriate guidelines for type of care, length of stay, and use of antibiotics. We used elements of three existing information systems to create a achieve these goals: professionals coding diagnoses captured by the existing clinical information system (CIS), email, and web-based decision support tools including a @entity55 severity evaluation tool (SET). The non-secure IS components (email and web) were able to link to information in the CIS using tokens that do not reveal confidential @entity1 -identifiable information. We examined their response to this strategy and the accuracy of @entity55 classification using this approach compared to chart review as a gold standard. On average physicians responded to email solicitations 50% of the time over the 14 month study. Also using this standard, we examined various information triggers for case finding. Professional coding of the primary reason for admission as @entity55 was fairly sensitive as an indicator of @entity497 . Physician use of the web SET was insensitive but fairly specific. Pneumonia classification using the SET was very reliable compared to experts' chart review using the same algorithm. We examined the distribution of severity of @entity55 for cases of @entity55 found by the various information triggers and for each severity the average length of stay. The distribution found by both chart review and by SET has demonstrated a shift toward more severe cases being admitted compared to only 3 years ago. The length of stay for level of severity is above expectations published by guidelines even for cases of true @entity497 by chart review. We suggest that the Fine classification system may not adequately describe @entity1 in this setting. Physicians frequently responded that the guidelines presented did not fit their @entity1 .

title: Email recruitment to use web decision support tools for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'Community Acquired Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: The exon-intron organization of two @entity95 genes that hybridize with cytochrome P-450 3a (P-450ALC) cDNA has been determined by restriction mapping and sequence analysis. Gene 1 encodes cytochrome P-450 3a as judged by the complete identity of its coding @entity377 sequence with P-450 3a cDNA. Gene 2 encodes a previously uncharacterized cytochrome P-450 that is 97% identical in primary structure to P-450 3a, with 16 @entity535 differences scattered throughout the protein. Genes 1 and 2, which are 10 and 9 kilobases in length, respectively, are comprised of 9 exons with exon-intron junctions occurring at identical positions along the mRNA sequences. Each gene contains two transcription start sites approximately 27 and 33 @entity2036 upstream from the translation initiation codon, as determined by primer extension and S1 nuclease protection experiments. The predicted lengths of gene 1 and 2 transcripts from the first transcription start site to the poly(A) attachment site are 1999 and 1660 @entity2036 , respectively. This difference in size is primarily the result of a 338-base pair deletion in the 3' nontranslated portion of the gene 2 transcript relative to that of gene 1. The two genes show considerable similarity in their 5' flanking regions, including a "TATAA" transcriptional promoter element at position -28. However, a 32-base pair element that is repeated in gene 1 is present only as a single inexact copy in gene 2. By use of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes, gene 2 transcripts were shown to be present in poly(A)+ RNA from untreated @entity95 liver at approximately 50% of P-450 3a mRNA levels. In kidney, however, no gene 2 mRNA was detected although 3a mRNA was present at approximately 10% of the level in liver.

title: Organization and differential expression of two highly similar genes in the XXXX alcohol-inducible cytochrome P-450 subfamily.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Both the native hormone and the aminoterminal 1-34 peptide of @entity4727 [PTH-(1-34)] are potent vasodilators of the coronary and hepatic circulations and, relatedly, produce marked @entity551 effects in a variety of animal species. In this report, a new technique for studying vasoactive substances was used to determine the nature of the vasodilator response of the aminoterminal peptide. The technique, an alternative to classical cylindrical segment or helical strip approaches, involved perfusion of a 4 to 5 cm segment of @entity35 thoracic aorta at a constant flow rate with a circumferentially applied pulsatile "systolic" pressure of 100 mm Hg. Changes in perfusion pressure were indicative of changes in vascular resistance. The perfusate consisted of oxygenated physiological salt solution. Aortas were precontracted with high @entity4338 , @entity1063 , @entity2647 or @entity5463 . PTH-(1-34) elicited a concentration-related relaxation of vessels precontracted with the alpha agonists or @entity1831 , but did not inhibit high K+ (3.5 x 10(-2) M)-induced contractions over the same dose range. Inhibition of @entity3009 biosynthesis with @entity3352 did not alter the vasorelaxant properties of the peptide fragment. Endothelium-dependency of the PTH-(1-34)-induced vasorelaxant effect was assessed in untreated aortas and in tissues pretreated with @entity3857 . Aortas pretreated with @entity3857 , in which both scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed extensive damage to or loss of endothelium, relaxed in a manner indistinguishable from nontreated control vessels. Thus, PTH-(1-34) relaxed precontracted perfused @entity35 aortas in dose-dependent fashion. The vasorelaxant effects of the peptide fragment involved preferential relaxation of pharmacomechanically coupled vessels, and were not mediated by vasodilator @entity2918 or other specific endothelium-dependent mechanisms.

title: Use of a new pulsatile perfused @entity35 aorta preparation to study the characteristics of the vasodilator effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1831 :: ('CHEBI:34543', 'Chemical') :: ['[arg8]-vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity4727 :: (24694(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: Both the native hormone and the aminoterminal 1-34 peptide of @entity4727 [PTH-(1-34)] are potent vasodilators of the coronary and hepatic circulations and, relatedly, produce marked @entity551 effects in a variety of animal species. In this report, a new technique for studying vasoactive substances was used to determine the nature of the vasodilator response of the aminoterminal peptide. The technique, an alternative to classical cylindrical segment or helical strip approaches, involved perfusion of a 4 to 5 cm segment of @entity35 thoracic aorta at a constant flow rate with a circumferentially applied pulsatile "systolic" pressure of 100 mm Hg. Changes in perfusion pressure were indicative of changes in vascular resistance. The perfusate consisted of oxygenated physiological salt solution. Aortas were precontracted with high @entity4338 , @entity1063 , @entity2647 or @entity5463 . PTH-(1-34) elicited a concentration-related relaxation of vessels precontracted with the alpha agonists or @entity1831 , but did not inhibit high K+ (3.5 x 10(-2) M)-induced contractions over the same dose range. Inhibition of @entity3009 biosynthesis with @entity3352 did not alter the vasorelaxant properties of the peptide fragment. Endothelium-dependency of the PTH-(1-34)-induced vasorelaxant effect was assessed in untreated aortas and in tissues pretreated with @entity3857 . Aortas pretreated with @entity3857 , in which both scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed extensive damage to or loss of endothelium, relaxed in a manner indistinguishable from nontreated control vessels. Thus, PTH-(1-34) relaxed precontracted perfused @entity35 aortas in dose-dependent fashion. The vasorelaxant effects of the peptide fragment involved preferential relaxation of pharmacomechanically coupled vessels, and were not mediated by vasodilator @entity2918 or other specific endothelium-dependent mechanisms.

title: Use of a new pulsatile perfused XXXX aorta preparation to study the characteristics of the vasodilator effect of @entity4727 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The ultrastructure, afferent input, and sites of termination of neurons containing @entity10969 -like immunoreactivity (NPY- @entity3162 ) were examined in the adult @entity35 nucleus accumbens by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The NPY- @entity3162 was seen in sparsely distributed, spindle-shaped perikarya having cross-sectional diameters of 15-20 microns. These perikarya exhibited highly invaginated nuclear membranes and thin rims of cytoplasm containing Golgi lamellae, dense-core vesicles, and other organelles. A few large, principally aspiny, dendrites also showed NPY- @entity3162 . The dendrites received synaptic input from unlabeled terminals forming both symmetric and asymmetric junctions. Immunolabeling for NPY was evident in other processes that were not clearly differentiated as dendrites or axons. These were seen primarily near glial processes and the basal laminae of blood vessels. A few myelinated and many unmyelinated axons and axon terminals also were labeled for NPY. These terminals contained numerous, small (40-60 nm), clear and one or more large (80-100 nm) dense core vesicles. Forty-seven percent (27 out of 57) of the terminals containing NPY- @entity3162 formed symmetric junctions with unlabeled dendrites or dendritic spines. The remainder lacked recognizable densities within single planes of section. The neurons exhibiting NPY- @entity3162 in the nucleus accumbens were characterized further with respect to their afferent input from terminals labeled for the @entity1246 -synthesizing enzyme, @entity367 decarboxylase (GAD). Immunogold labeling of a rabbit antiserum against NPY and PAP labeling for a sheep antiserum to GAD were sequentially applied to the same sections. The GAD-labeled terminals formed symmetric junctions primarily with the more numerous unlabeled dendrites. However, a few synaptic junctions also were detected between the GAD-labeled terminals and dendrites showing immunogold labeling for NPY. We conclude (1) that in the @entity35 nucleus accumbens, NPY- @entity3162 is found principally in neurons of the aspiny type and (2) that the output from these presumably intrinsic neurons to other neighboring neurons or blood vessels is at least partially modulated by @entity1246 .

title: XXXX in the @entity35 nucleus accumbens: ultrastructural localization in aspiny neurons receiving synaptic input from GABAergic terminals.

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity10969 :: (24604(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Neuropeptide Y']


abstract: The ultrastructure, afferent input, and sites of termination of neurons containing @entity10969 -like immunoreactivity (NPY- @entity3162 ) were examined in the adult @entity35 nucleus accumbens by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The NPY- @entity3162 was seen in sparsely distributed, spindle-shaped perikarya having cross-sectional diameters of 15-20 microns. These perikarya exhibited highly invaginated nuclear membranes and thin rims of cytoplasm containing Golgi lamellae, dense-core vesicles, and other organelles. A few large, principally aspiny, dendrites also showed NPY- @entity3162 . The dendrites received synaptic input from unlabeled terminals forming both symmetric and asymmetric junctions. Immunolabeling for NPY was evident in other processes that were not clearly differentiated as dendrites or axons. These were seen primarily near glial processes and the basal laminae of blood vessels. A few myelinated and many unmyelinated axons and axon terminals also were labeled for NPY. These terminals contained numerous, small (40-60 nm), clear and one or more large (80-100 nm) dense core vesicles. Forty-seven percent (27 out of 57) of the terminals containing NPY- @entity3162 formed symmetric junctions with unlabeled dendrites or dendritic spines. The remainder lacked recognizable densities within single planes of section. The neurons exhibiting NPY- @entity3162 in the nucleus accumbens were characterized further with respect to their afferent input from terminals labeled for the @entity1246 -synthesizing enzyme, @entity367 decarboxylase (GAD). Immunogold labeling of a rabbit antiserum against NPY and PAP labeling for a sheep antiserum to GAD were sequentially applied to the same sections. The GAD-labeled terminals formed symmetric junctions primarily with the more numerous unlabeled dendrites. However, a few synaptic junctions also were detected between the GAD-labeled terminals and dendrites showing immunogold labeling for NPY. We conclude (1) that in the @entity35 nucleus accumbens, NPY- @entity3162 is found principally in neurons of the aspiny type and (2) that the output from these presumably intrinsic neurons to other neighboring neurons or blood vessels is at least partially modulated by @entity1246 .

title: @entity10969 in the XXXX nucleus accumbens: ultrastructural localization in aspiny neurons receiving synaptic input from GABAergic terminals.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: To assess how ASIR (adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction) contributes to dose reduction and affects image quality of non-contrast cranial computed tomography (cCT). Materials and Methods: Non-contrast emergency CT scans of the head acquired in 177 @entity1 were evaluated. The scans were acquired and processed using four different protocols: Group A (control): 120kV, @entity615 ( @entity615 ) n=71; group B1: 120kV, scan and reconstruction performed with 20% ASIR (blending of 20% ASIR and 80% @entity615 ), n=86; group B2: raw data from group B1 reconstructed using a blending of 40% ASIR and 60% @entity615 , n=74; group C1: 120kV, scan and reconstruction performed with 30% ASIR, n=20; group C2: raw data from group C1 reconstructed using a blending of 50% ASIR and 50% @entity615 , n=20. The effective dose was calculated. Image quality was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: Compared to group A, groups B1/2 and C1/2 showed a significantly reduced effective dose of 40.4% and 73.3% (p<0.0001), respectively. Group B1 and group C1/2 also showed significantly reduced quantitative and qualitative image quality parameters. In group B2, quantitative measures were comparable to group A, and qualitative scores were lower compared to group A but higher compared to group B1. Diagnostic confidence grading showed groups B1/2 to be adequate for everyday clinical practice. Group C2 was considered acceptable for follow-up imaging of severe acute events such as @entity548 or subacute @entity64 . Conclusion: Use of ASIR makes it possible to reduce radiation significantly while maintaining adequate image quality in non-contrast head CT, which may be particularly useful for younger @entity1 in an emergency setting and in follow-up. Key Points:       ASIR may reduce radiation significantly while maintaining adequate image quality      cCT protocol with 20% ASIR and 40%ASIR/60% @entity615 blending is adequate for everyday clinical use      cCT protocol with 30% ASIR and 50%ASIR/50% @entity615 blending is adequate for follow-up imaging Citation Format:       Kaul D, Kahn J, Huizing L etal. Reducing Radiation Dose in Adult Head CT using Iterative Reconstruction - A Clinical Study in 177 @entity1 . Fortschr R  ntgenstr 2016; 188: 155-162.

title: Reducing Radiation Dose in Adult Head CT using Iterative Reconstruction - A Clinical Study in 177 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['FBP', 'filtered back projection']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Few autopsy cases of @entity944 in renal transplant recipients have been reported in the literature. The present case was a 50-year-old female recipient of a living-related renal transplant, who died suddenly after a good post-transplant course of 14 years. The @entity1 was admitted in December 2000 for detailed investigation for ascites, and died unexpectedly 1 month later. She complained of mild dyspnoea approximately 3 h before death. Detailed clinical and laboratory investigations after admission showed no malignant findings in the abdominal cavity. Postmortem pathological examination also showed no @entity5 in the abdominal cavity. Both lungs were pneumatized. Histopathological examinations revealed @entity730 . Calcification was observed in the heart, lungs, kidney graft and pancreas. Calcification in the heart was found in the central @entity82 surrounding the atrioventricular node and bundle of His, as well as in the origin of bifurcating bundle. In the myocardial fibres, fibre @entity397 and waviness were observed. Although these findings may indicate agonal changes, they might also be a consequence of sudden @entity204 . This @entity1 was in a state of @entity177 , which presumably caused @entity730 involving also the cardiac conduction system. This @entity730 might partially account for the @entity944 .

title: An autopsy case of XXXX in renal transplant recipient.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous body']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification', 'metastatic calcification']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: The 'old favourites' used for treatment of @entity32 , and hence, the original immunomodulators, include the glucocorticoids, @entity500 , @entity1499 and @entity1862 . Glucocorticoids are still one of the most effective anti-inflammatory agents because they work on several different intracellular processes and hence, block many components that contribute to inflammatory and immune responses. They bind to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors which transport them into the nucleus. Here the receptor/ @entity134 complex may bind to many genes that interact with transcription factors including NFkappaB and @entity1178 , to inhibit their activation, thereby preventing activation of many genes encoding immune effector and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Also, protein kinases involved in intracellular signalling, are directly activated resulting in phosphorylation of various targets of which Annexin ( @entity51838 is critical in inhibiting biosynthesis of both purines and DNA. This results in reduced proliferation of B and T lymphocytes, reduced immune effector mechanisms and reduced recruitment of mononuclear cells including monocytes into sites of immune @entity32 . @entity1499 also blocks DNA synthesis and hence cellular proliferation but also induces release of @entity859 . This inhibits chemotaxis of polymorph neutrophils and release of critical cytokines such as @entity310 and Interleukins 6 and 8. @entity1862 also inhibits DNA synthesis with inhibitory effects on proliferation of lymphocytes and possibly kerationcytes. Even though many new agents with much greater selectivity are coming through into clinical use, this group of old agents still have an absolutely central position in the therapeutic armamentarium. Their value lies in the fact that they are not 'clean' drugs with narrow effects but they inhibit a wide range of mechanisms involved in immune and inflammatory processes.

title: Traditional therapies: glucocorticoids, @entity500 , XXXX , @entity1862 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea', 'hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: The 'old favourites' used for treatment of @entity32 , and hence, the original immunomodulators, include the glucocorticoids, @entity500 , @entity1499 and @entity1862 . Glucocorticoids are still one of the most effective anti-inflammatory agents because they work on several different intracellular processes and hence, block many components that contribute to inflammatory and immune responses. They bind to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors which transport them into the nucleus. Here the receptor/ @entity134 complex may bind to many genes that interact with transcription factors including NFkappaB and @entity1178 , to inhibit their activation, thereby preventing activation of many genes encoding immune effector and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Also, protein kinases involved in intracellular signalling, are directly activated resulting in phosphorylation of various targets of which Annexin ( @entity51838 is critical in inhibiting biosynthesis of both purines and DNA. This results in reduced proliferation of B and T lymphocytes, reduced immune effector mechanisms and reduced recruitment of mononuclear cells including monocytes into sites of immune @entity32 . @entity1499 also blocks DNA synthesis and hence cellular proliferation but also induces release of @entity859 . This inhibits chemotaxis of polymorph neutrophils and release of critical cytokines such as @entity310 and Interleukins 6 and 8. @entity1862 also inhibits DNA synthesis with inhibitory effects on proliferation of lymphocytes and possibly kerationcytes. Even though many new agents with much greater selectivity are coming through into clinical use, this group of old agents still have an absolutely central position in the therapeutic armamentarium. Their value lies in the fact that they are not 'clean' drugs with narrow effects but they inhibit a wide range of mechanisms involved in immune and inflammatory processes.

title: Traditional therapies: glucocorticoids, @entity500 , @entity1499 , XXXX .

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: The 'old favourites' used for treatment of @entity32 , and hence, the original immunomodulators, include the glucocorticoids, @entity500 , @entity1499 and @entity1862 . Glucocorticoids are still one of the most effective anti-inflammatory agents because they work on several different intracellular processes and hence, block many components that contribute to inflammatory and immune responses. They bind to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors which transport them into the nucleus. Here the receptor/ @entity134 complex may bind to many genes that interact with transcription factors including NFkappaB and @entity1178 , to inhibit their activation, thereby preventing activation of many genes encoding immune effector and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Also, protein kinases involved in intracellular signalling, are directly activated resulting in phosphorylation of various targets of which Annexin ( @entity51838 is critical in inhibiting biosynthesis of both purines and DNA. This results in reduced proliferation of B and T lymphocytes, reduced immune effector mechanisms and reduced recruitment of mononuclear cells including monocytes into sites of immune @entity32 . @entity1499 also blocks DNA synthesis and hence cellular proliferation but also induces release of @entity859 . This inhibits chemotaxis of polymorph neutrophils and release of critical cytokines such as @entity310 and Interleukins 6 and 8. @entity1862 also inhibits DNA synthesis with inhibitory effects on proliferation of lymphocytes and possibly kerationcytes. Even though many new agents with much greater selectivity are coming through into clinical use, this group of old agents still have an absolutely central position in the therapeutic armamentarium. Their value lies in the fact that they are not 'clean' drugs with narrow effects but they inhibit a wide range of mechanisms involved in immune and inflammatory processes.

title: Traditional therapies: glucocorticoids, XXXX , @entity1499 , @entity1862 .

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['azathioprine']


abstract: In order to test the relation between @entity28 and the @entity3528 found in markedly overweight subjects, 24 morbidly @entity28 @entity1 were studied before and after a @entity353 of 35.9 kg obtained by a nutritionally adequate, intermittent very-low-calorie diet. Overweight was reduced from 98 +/- 34% to 44 +/- 19%. Serum total @entity460 did not change, but serum ionized @entity460 ( @entity141 ) increased from 1.22 +/- 0.04 mmol/L to 1.25 +/- 0.04 mmol/L (P less than .001). A corresponding fall was observed in serum parathyroid hormone (s- @entity461 ), which decreased from 47.2 +/- 21.7 pmol/L to 35.2 +/- 19.4 pmol/L (P = .01). The change of s- @entity461 was positively associated with the reduction of body weight (r = .50, P less than .05) and with the reduction of overweight (r = .55, P less than .01). Regarding @entity460 binding substances, serum albumin remained low. The initially lowered serum @entity1391 and @entity3157 both rose (P less than .001). Plasma lactate and plasma free @entity1718 (FFAs) decreased (P less than .001). The study supports our hypothesis that the change profile of @entity460 complexing anions in @entity28 interferes with the tubular reabsorption of @entity460 , which in turn lowers serum @entity141 , thus promoting @entity2742 . Along with @entity353 , concentrations of @entity460 complexing anions returns towards normal values and the @entity3528 regresses.

title: XXXX of morbid @entity28 regresses during weight reduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['Secondary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: In order to test the relation between @entity28 and the @entity3528 found in markedly overweight subjects, 24 morbidly @entity28 @entity1 were studied before and after a @entity353 of 35.9 kg obtained by a nutritionally adequate, intermittent very-low-calorie diet. Overweight was reduced from 98 +/- 34% to 44 +/- 19%. Serum total @entity460 did not change, but serum ionized @entity460 ( @entity141 ) increased from 1.22 +/- 0.04 mmol/L to 1.25 +/- 0.04 mmol/L (P less than .001). A corresponding fall was observed in serum parathyroid hormone (s- @entity461 ), which decreased from 47.2 +/- 21.7 pmol/L to 35.2 +/- 19.4 pmol/L (P = .01). The change of s- @entity461 was positively associated with the reduction of body weight (r = .50, P less than .05) and with the reduction of overweight (r = .55, P less than .01). Regarding @entity460 binding substances, serum albumin remained low. The initially lowered serum @entity1391 and @entity3157 both rose (P less than .001). Plasma lactate and plasma free @entity1718 (FFAs) decreased (P less than .001). The study supports our hypothesis that the change profile of @entity460 complexing anions in @entity28 interferes with the tubular reabsorption of @entity460 , which in turn lowers serum @entity141 , thus promoting @entity2742 . Along with @entity353 , concentrations of @entity460 complexing anions returns towards normal values and the @entity3528 regresses.

title: @entity3528 of morbid XXXX regresses during weight reduction.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mining is an economically important activity in Colombia which generates large quantities of residues containing potentially toxic elements such as heavy metals. These contaminate ecosystems and place @entity1 health at risk. La Mojana lies within one of the most biodiversity-rich zones on Earth and has been subjected to processes of contamination closely related to gold mining activities in the surrounding areas. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate genotoxicity in the population of La Mojana region exposed to heavy metals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genotoxic effects and their relationship with concentrations of heavy metals ( @entity349 , @entity3409 and lead) in blood were evaluated among an exposed population and a control group. The exposed group comprised inhabitants of the municipalities of Guaranda, Sucre, Majagual and San Marcos; inhabitants of the municipality of Monter  a were chosen as a control group. DNA damage was determined using the alkaline comet assay. Concentrations of @entity349 were determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, and those of @entity3409 and lead by @entity15583 furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS: Concentrations of the heavy metals exceeded the limits permitted by the World Health Organization. Genotoxic effects were found in the exposed population, possibly associated with the presence of these metals in blood. Significant associations (p<0.05) were found between @entity349 and @entity3409 levels and damage to DNA. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the @entity74 recorded among inhabitants of the region of La Mojana, Colombia, may be associated with the presence of heavy metals in the blood.

title: [Genotoxic effects in a XXXX population exposed to heavy metals in the region of La Mojana, Colombia, 2013].

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic damage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intestinal @entity82 is mainly associated with @entity30 and is defined as a progressive and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components. No specific antifibrotic therapies are available. In this study, we evaluate the antifibrotic effect of a novel @entity3504 analog able to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y, named GED-0507-34 Levo. METHODS: Colonic @entity82 was induced in 110 C57BL/6 @entity19 by 3 cycles of 2.5% (wt/vol) dextran sulfate @entity1372 administration for 6 weeks. The preventive effects of oral daily GED (30 mg  kg  d) administration were evaluated using a macroscopic and histological score and also through biological endpoints. Expression of main markers of myofibroblasts activation was determined in transforming growth factor ( @entity2533 )-stimulated intestinal fibroblasts and epithelial cells. RESULTS: GED improved macroscopic and microscopic intestinal lesions in dextran sulfate @entity1372 -treated animals and reduced the profibrotic gene expression of @entity17712 , @entity13239 , and @entity8946 by 1.48-folds (P < 0.05), 1.93-folds (P < 0.005), and 1.03-fold (P < 0.05), respectively. It reduced protein levels of main markers of @entity82 ( @entity1970 and Collagen I-II) and the main @entity2533 /Smad pathway components. GED also decreased the @entity4047 and connective tissue growth factor expression by 1.89-folds (P < 0.05) and 2.2-folds (P < 0.005), respectively. GED inhibited @entity2533 -induced activation of both fibroblast and intestinal epithelial cell lines, by regulating mRNA expression of @entity1970 and fibronectin, and restoring the @entity2533 -induced loss of intestinal epithelial cell markers. GED treatment also reduced the @entity2533 and @entity1970 expression in primary @entity1 intestinal fibroblasts from @entity31 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: GED ameliorates intestinal @entity82 in dextran sulfate @entity1372 -induced @entity1960 in @entity19 and regulates major profibrotic cellular and molecular mechanisms.

title: Novel PPARy Modulator GED-0507-34 Levo Ameliorates Inflammation-driven Intestinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['chronic colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Fibrosis']


abstract: Coverage of large burns may be difficult when skin graft donor sites are limited. This study explored the use of the split-thickness dermal graft (STDG), as an alternative to the standard split-thickness skin graft (STSG). STSGs and STDGs were compared experimentally by their ability to resurface full thickness @entity272 in a @entity1707 model. Both types of grafts were harvested from the backs of six @entity1707 and placed on full thickness wounds. From the same donor site a 0.012in. thick STSG and another two 0.012in. thick STDGs were harvested. Thus the deep surface of grafts measured 0.012, 0.024 and 0.036in. from the skin surface, respectively. All grafts were placed on 6cmx6cm full thickness wounds. The donor areas healed at 1 week. Epithelialization of the STDGs, was assessed by computerized planimetry, and was 100% at 4 weeks. Graft biopsies revealed that STSGs were significant thinner than STDGs at 1 week (P=0.0422, 0.0135), 2 weeks (P=0.0240) and 4 weeks (P=0.0516, 0.0425). We conclude that STDGs my provide definitive coverage of full thickness @entity272 in a @entity1707 wound model.

title: The use of split-thickness dermal grafts to resurface full thickness XXXX .

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin defects', 'skin deficits']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CT perfusion (CTP) is used to estimate the extent of @entity63 core and penumbra in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . CTP reliability, however, is limited. This study aims to identify regions misclassified as @entity63 core on CTP, using @entity1188 on follow-up noncontrast CT. We aim to assess differences in volumetric and perfusion characteristics in these regions compared to areas that ended up as @entity1188 on follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 35 @entity1 with >100 mm brain coverage CTP. CTP processing was performed using Philips software (IntelliSpace 7.0). Final @entity1188 was automatically segmented on follow-up noncontrast CT and used as reference. CTP and follow-up noncontrast CT image data were registered. This allowed classification of @entity63 lesion agreement (core on CTP: rMTT>= 145%, aCBV<2.0 ml/100g and @entity1188 on follow-up noncontrast CT) and misclassified @entity63 core (core on CTP, not identified on follow-up noncontrast CT) regions. False discovery ratio (FDR), defined as misclassified @entity63 core volume divided by total CTP @entity63 core volume, was calculated. Absolute and relative CTP parameters (CBV, CBF, and @entity98 ) were calculated for both misclassified CTP @entity63 core and @entity63 lesion agreement regions and compared using paired rank-sum tests. RESULTS: Median total CTP @entity63 core volume was 49.7ml (IQR:29.9ml-132ml); median misclassified @entity63 core volume was 30.4ml (IQR:20.9ml-77.0ml). Median FDR between @entity1 was 62% (IQR:49%-80%). Median relative mean transit time was 243% (IQR:198%-289%) and 342% (IQR:249%-432%) for misclassified and @entity63 lesion agreement regions, respectively. Median absolute cerebral blood volume was 1.59 (IQR:1.43-1.79) ml/100g (P<0.01) and 1.38 (IQR:1.15-1.49) ml/100g (P<0.01) for misclassified @entity63 core and @entity63 lesion agreement, respectively. All CTP parameter values differed significantly. CONCLUSION: For all @entity1 a considerable region of the CTP @entity63 core is misclassified. CTP parameters significantly differed between @entity63 lesion agreement and misclassified CTP @entity63 core, suggesting that CTP analysis may benefit from revisions.

title: Characteristics of Misclassified CT Perfusion Ischemic Core in @entity1 with Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CT perfusion (CTP) is used to estimate the extent of @entity63 core and penumbra in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . CTP reliability, however, is limited. This study aims to identify regions misclassified as @entity63 core on CTP, using @entity1188 on follow-up noncontrast CT. We aim to assess differences in volumetric and perfusion characteristics in these regions compared to areas that ended up as @entity1188 on follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 35 @entity1 with >100 mm brain coverage CTP. CTP processing was performed using Philips software (IntelliSpace 7.0). Final @entity1188 was automatically segmented on follow-up noncontrast CT and used as reference. CTP and follow-up noncontrast CT image data were registered. This allowed classification of @entity63 lesion agreement (core on CTP: rMTT>= 145%, aCBV<2.0 ml/100g and @entity1188 on follow-up noncontrast CT) and misclassified @entity63 core (core on CTP, not identified on follow-up noncontrast CT) regions. False discovery ratio (FDR), defined as misclassified @entity63 core volume divided by total CTP @entity63 core volume, was calculated. Absolute and relative CTP parameters (CBV, CBF, and @entity98 ) were calculated for both misclassified CTP @entity63 core and @entity63 lesion agreement regions and compared using paired rank-sum tests. RESULTS: Median total CTP @entity63 core volume was 49.7ml (IQR:29.9ml-132ml); median misclassified @entity63 core volume was 30.4ml (IQR:20.9ml-77.0ml). Median FDR between @entity1 was 62% (IQR:49%-80%). Median relative mean transit time was 243% (IQR:198%-289%) and 342% (IQR:249%-432%) for misclassified and @entity63 lesion agreement regions, respectively. Median absolute cerebral blood volume was 1.59 (IQR:1.43-1.79) ml/100g (P<0.01) and 1.38 (IQR:1.15-1.49) ml/100g (P<0.01) for misclassified @entity63 core and @entity63 lesion agreement, respectively. All CTP parameter values differed significantly. CONCLUSION: For all @entity1 a considerable region of the CTP @entity63 core is misclassified. CTP parameters significantly differed between @entity63 lesion agreement and misclassified CTP @entity63 core, suggesting that CTP analysis may benefit from revisions.

title: Characteristics of Misclassified CT Perfusion Ischemic Core in XXXX with Acute @entity385 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine volumetric changes in fat flaps after stresses as well as their relationship with @entity2478 ( @entity1050 ) in a Zucker fatty @entity35 model. METHODS: A total of 12 male Zucker-fa/fa @entity35 were randomly divided into two stress groups. Superficial epigastric fat flaps were evaluated on the right side as control and on the left side as the stress ( @entity63 or congestive) condition in the same @entity35 in order to avoid biases. Stress conditions were made by obstructing the pedicle vessels with a vascular clip for 3 hours. The volumes of these flaps were measured weekly. After 12 weeks of measurements, the @entity1050 of harvested flaps was examined in histologically immunostained sections. Percent changes in the body-weight-corrected flap volume [cFV(%)], the stress/control ratio [FV-ratio(%)], and the stress/control ratio of @entity1050 ( @entity1050 ) were defined. RESULTS: cFV(%) 12 weeks after surgery was 34.7        26.7 in the control flaps and 13.2        10.5 in the stress flaps. The FV-ratio(%) after 12 weeks was 7.4-202.5 (70.2        77.9) in the @entity63 group and 14.6-66.3 (37.7        22.2) in the congestive group. The difference in variance between two groups was significant (P   =   0.030). cFV(%) correlated with total @entity1050 (P   =   0.011). The FV-ratio(%) correlated with the @entity1050 (P   =   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Weekly measurements of flap volumes in the Zucker fatty @entity35 model were new and useful methods. The FV-ratio(%) in the congestive group decreased at a constant rate, while that in the @entity63 group decreased or increased slightly. The rate of decreases in the flap volume correlated with @entity1050 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2015.

title: Volumetric changes in transplanted vascularized fat flaps after XXXX or congestive stresses and their relationship to @entity2478 in a zucker fatty @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary density']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine volumetric changes in fat flaps after stresses as well as their relationship with @entity2478 ( @entity1050 ) in a Zucker fatty @entity35 model. METHODS: A total of 12 male Zucker-fa/fa @entity35 were randomly divided into two stress groups. Superficial epigastric fat flaps were evaluated on the right side as control and on the left side as the stress ( @entity63 or congestive) condition in the same @entity35 in order to avoid biases. Stress conditions were made by obstructing the pedicle vessels with a vascular clip for 3 hours. The volumes of these flaps were measured weekly. After 12 weeks of measurements, the @entity1050 of harvested flaps was examined in histologically immunostained sections. Percent changes in the body-weight-corrected flap volume [cFV(%)], the stress/control ratio [FV-ratio(%)], and the stress/control ratio of @entity1050 ( @entity1050 ) were defined. RESULTS: cFV(%) 12 weeks after surgery was 34.7        26.7 in the control flaps and 13.2        10.5 in the stress flaps. The FV-ratio(%) after 12 weeks was 7.4-202.5 (70.2        77.9) in the @entity63 group and 14.6-66.3 (37.7        22.2) in the congestive group. The difference in variance between two groups was significant (P   =   0.030). cFV(%) correlated with total @entity1050 (P   =   0.011). The FV-ratio(%) correlated with the @entity1050 (P   =   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Weekly measurements of flap volumes in the Zucker fatty @entity35 model were new and useful methods. The FV-ratio(%) in the congestive group decreased at a constant rate, while that in the @entity63 group decreased or increased slightly. The rate of decreases in the flap volume correlated with @entity1050 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2015.

title: Volumetric changes in transplanted vascularized fat flaps after @entity63 or congestive stresses and their relationship to XXXX in a zucker fatty @entity35 model.

answer: @entity2478 :: (MESH:D019559,Disease) :: ['capillary density']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine volumetric changes in fat flaps after stresses as well as their relationship with @entity2478 ( @entity1050 ) in a Zucker fatty @entity35 model. METHODS: A total of 12 male Zucker-fa/fa @entity35 were randomly divided into two stress groups. Superficial epigastric fat flaps were evaluated on the right side as control and on the left side as the stress ( @entity63 or congestive) condition in the same @entity35 in order to avoid biases. Stress conditions were made by obstructing the pedicle vessels with a vascular clip for 3 hours. The volumes of these flaps were measured weekly. After 12 weeks of measurements, the @entity1050 of harvested flaps was examined in histologically immunostained sections. Percent changes in the body-weight-corrected flap volume [cFV(%)], the stress/control ratio [FV-ratio(%)], and the stress/control ratio of @entity1050 ( @entity1050 ) were defined. RESULTS: cFV(%) 12 weeks after surgery was 34.7        26.7 in the control flaps and 13.2        10.5 in the stress flaps. The FV-ratio(%) after 12 weeks was 7.4-202.5 (70.2        77.9) in the @entity63 group and 14.6-66.3 (37.7        22.2) in the congestive group. The difference in variance between two groups was significant (P   =   0.030). cFV(%) correlated with total @entity1050 (P   =   0.011). The FV-ratio(%) correlated with the @entity1050 (P   =   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Weekly measurements of flap volumes in the Zucker fatty @entity35 model were new and useful methods. The FV-ratio(%) in the congestive group decreased at a constant rate, while that in the @entity63 group decreased or increased slightly. The rate of decreases in the flap volume correlated with @entity1050 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2015.

title: Volumetric changes in transplanted vascularized fat flaps after @entity63 or congestive stresses and their relationship to @entity2478 in a zucker fatty XXXX model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Ten @entity1 with heparin-coated pulmonary artery catheters had heparin-induced @entity882 , which persisted after all other sources of heparin were discontinued. The @entity882 occurred in approximately 0.4% of the @entity1 receiving heparin-coated catheters and remitted when the catheters were removed. The platelet counts averaged 59,000/mm3 at the time of the diagnosis and recovered to an average of 143,000/mm3 by 3 days (range 2 to 4 days) after removal of the heparin-coated catheters. One @entity1 required a second catheter 31 days after the first catheter had been removed. When the second heparin-coated catheter was inserted, the platelet count decreased from 307,000/mm3 to 102,000/mm3 in 4 days. Segments of heparin-coated pulmonary artery catheters were placed in platelet-rich plasma and incubated with serum from @entity1 with known heparin-associated antiplatelet antibodies or with serum from volunteers with no exposure to heparin. The heparin-coated catheters induced @entity1423 in all samples containing serum from @entity1 with heparin-induced @entity882 . However, @entity1423 did not occur when the catheters were incubated with the serum of the volunteers. Non-heparin-coated catheters failed to produce @entity1423 when incubated with either sera. The high mortality and morbidity rates associated with heparin-induced @entity882 mandate that afflicted @entity1 receive no more heparin, at least until the heparin-associated antiplatelet antibodies are no longer detectable. @entity1 with heparin-coated catheters who have @entity882 should be tested for the presence of heparin-associated antiplatelet antibodies. If heparin-induced @entity882 is confirmed, the catheters must be removed if the @entity882 is to be reversed and complication avoided.

title: Heparin-coated catheters and heparin-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: @entity1317 account for 25% to 30% of all @entity1317 seen in urban @entity130 centers where penetrating wounds are the most common cause of @entity130 . @entity1 have moderate @entity551 if contained @entity1410 are present and present in extremis with massive @entity1661 , if @entity548 into the peritoneal cavity is occurring. Injuries occur in five areas, each containing its own vessels and techniques of exposure and vascular repair. Included are the midline supramesocolic, midline inframesocolic, lateral perirenal, lateral pelvic, and portal areas. In these areas, arterial repair is essentially always attempted, whereas ligation of major veins, if necessary, is well tolerated in many instances. Survival depends on the number and magnitude of associated vascular and @entity130 . If an operation can be performed soon after injury, survival with most major abdominal arterial injuries ranges from 35% to 85%. When major @entity1317 are considered, the survival rate ranges from 50% to 95%. @entity260 include @entity715 of repairs, dehiscence of suture lines, and @entity281 . Second-look operations may be beneficial to evaluate tenuous repairs, whereas various techniques are helpful in avoiding suture line breakdowns as a result of @entity281 .

title: Approach to major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal venous injuries', 'vascular injuries', 'Abdominal vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['visceral injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['abdominal vascular injury']


abstract: @entity28 Zucker @entity35 develop @entity633 and spontaneous @entity628 ( @entity628 ) at an early age, despite normal glomerular capillary pressures and nephron plasma flows. To investigate the role of abnormal lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of @entity628 , pharmacologic agents were used to reduce serum lipids in male, @entity28 Zucker @entity35 . Eight @entity35 were treated from 8 to 40 weeks of age with the @entity165 synthesis inhibitor, @entity5753 (group I). A separate group of seven @entity28 @entity35 was treated with the structurally-unrelated lipid lowering agent, @entity34021 (group II). Results from these two groups were compared to controls injected with vehicle only (group III). Body weight and food intake were similar in all three groups. @entity5753 reduced both serum @entity165 and fasting @entity412 levels while @entity34021 lowered only serum @entity165 . Urine albumin excretion was reduced in groups I and II compared to group III. Mesangial matrix expansion and cellularity were both reduced by @entity5753 and @entity34021 . In addition, the percent of glomeruli with @entity628 was much less in groups I (0.4 +/- 0.1%) and II (1.3 +/- 0.7%) compared to group III (4.6 +/- 0.7%, P less than 0.05). Micropuncture studies, carried out in separate groups of @entity28 @entity35 , demonstrated that @entity5753 and @entity34021 did not affect glomerular hemodynamic function. Although the precise mechanism remains to be defined, these results suggest that abnormal lipid metabolism may be important in the pathogenesis of @entity628 .

title: Treatment of hyperlipidemia reduces glomerular injury in XXXX Zucker @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemic obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity34021 :: ('MESH:D002995', 'Chemical') :: ['clofibric acid']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal glomerulosclerosis', 'FGS']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['mevinolin', 'Mevinolin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: @entity28 Zucker @entity35 develop @entity633 and spontaneous @entity628 ( @entity628 ) at an early age, despite normal glomerular capillary pressures and nephron plasma flows. To investigate the role of abnormal lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of @entity628 , pharmacologic agents were used to reduce serum lipids in male, @entity28 Zucker @entity35 . Eight @entity35 were treated from 8 to 40 weeks of age with the @entity165 synthesis inhibitor, @entity5753 (group I). A separate group of seven @entity28 @entity35 was treated with the structurally-unrelated lipid lowering agent, @entity34021 (group II). Results from these two groups were compared to controls injected with vehicle only (group III). Body weight and food intake were similar in all three groups. @entity5753 reduced both serum @entity165 and fasting @entity412 levels while @entity34021 lowered only serum @entity165 . Urine albumin excretion was reduced in groups I and II compared to group III. Mesangial matrix expansion and cellularity were both reduced by @entity5753 and @entity34021 . In addition, the percent of glomeruli with @entity628 was much less in groups I (0.4 +/- 0.1%) and II (1.3 +/- 0.7%) compared to group III (4.6 +/- 0.7%, P less than 0.05). Micropuncture studies, carried out in separate groups of @entity28 @entity35 , demonstrated that @entity5753 and @entity34021 did not affect glomerular hemodynamic function. Although the precise mechanism remains to be defined, these results suggest that abnormal lipid metabolism may be important in the pathogenesis of @entity628 .

title: Treatment of hyperlipidemia reduces glomerular injury in @entity28 Zucker XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The objectives of the title were accomplished by a four-step experimental procedure followed by a simple graphical and mathematical analysis. Platelets are (i) overloaded with the indicator @entity6028 to cytoplasmic concentrations of 2.9 mM and (ii) are exposed to 2 mM external @entity141 and 1.0 microM @entity1360 to rapidly achieve cytoplasmic @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]cyt) of ca. 1.5 microM. (iii) The external @entity141 is removed by EGTA addition, and (iv) the active @entity141 extrusion process is then monitored as a function of time. Control experiments show that the ionophore shunts dense tubular uptake and does not contribute to the @entity141 efflux process during phases iii-iv and that the extrusion process is sensitive to metabolic inhibitors. The progress curves for the decline of @entity6028 fluorescence (resulting from active @entity141 extrusion) were analyzed as a function of [ @entity141 ]cyt using a mathematical model involving the probability that an exported @entity141 was removed from a @entity6028 complex (vs. a cytoplasmic binding element). The observed rates of decline of @entity6028 fluorescence at a particular [ @entity141 ]cyt are dependent upon (i) the absolute rate of the extrusion system (a function of its Km, Vm and Hill coefficient (n)), (ii) the intrinsic @entity141 buffer capacity of the cytoplasm (a function of the total site concentration ([B]T) and its Kd) and (iii) the buffer capacity of the intracytoplasmic @entity6028 (a function of its concentration and Kd). The contribution of (iii) was known and varied and was used to determine (ii) and (i) as a function of [ @entity141 ]cyt. The @entity141 binding data were verified by 45Ca2+ experimentation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Deliberate XXXX overload as a method for in situ characterization of active calcium extrusion systems and cytoplasmic calcium binding: application to the human platelet.

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

answer: @entity6028 :: (MESH:C035739,Chemical) :: ['quin2']


abstract: The clastogenic activity of @entity1443 (PC) was assayed on a group of 11 healthy volunteers. PC was administered in the form of tablets 3 x 1000 mg in the course of 8 h. Blood samples were taken 0, 24, 72 and 168 h after the first application of the drug. Each blood sample was used for the cytogenetic analysis of peripheral lymphocytes, for the measuring of the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and ascorbemia in plasma. After PC administration the frequency of aberrant cells (AB.C.) was increased to 2.77% AB.C. after 24 h vs. 1.68% at 0 h, and breaks per cell (B/C) to 0.0295 vs. 0.0182, respectively. If PC was applied simultaneously with @entity620 (AA), also in a dose of 3 x 1000 mg, an increased frequency of AB.C. was observed only after 72 h, of B/C after both 24 h and 72 h. No increase in LPO as determined by the @entity4466 assay was seen after PC administration (1.02-1.10 nmole @entity1234 ( @entity1865 )/ml plasma). The LPO level was increased 72 h after the simultaneous application of PC and AA (1.26 nmole @entity1865 /ml). No effect of AA in terms of a decreased PC clastogenicity was observed.

title: Mutagenicity studies on XXXX in human volunteers. I. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral lymphocytes and lipid peroxidation in plasma.

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test whether @entity715 aspiration (TA) reduces the atherosclerotic burden in culprit lesions and "facilitate" percutaneous coronary intervention with stent (S-PCI) among @entity1 with non-ST elevation @entity1187 (NSTE-ACS). BACKGROUND: Evidence on the effects of TA adjunctive to S-PCI in NSTE-ACS is limited and controversial. METHODS: TA was defined "aggressive" when using 7F devices or a catheter/artery ratio >0.6, "conservative" with 6F, and a catheter/artery ratio  <=0.6. Angiography and @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) were performed at baseline, after TA and after stent deployment. RESULTS: TA was accomplished in 61/76 @entity1 (80%) with NSTE-ACS. The aspirated material was red @entity715 in 23% and plaque fragments in 49% of cases. Compared with baseline, TA was associated with an 82% increase in minimal lumen diameter and a 15% reduction in diameter stenosis (P   <   0.001 for both). After TA, @entity5642 documented a 24 and 16% increase in minimal lumen area and lumen volume, respectively (P   <   0.001 for both), a 7% decrease in area stenosis through an 11% reduction of plaque   +   media volume (P   <   0.001). When compared with "conservative", an "aggressive" TA was associated with a more pronounced reduction in percent area stenosis (P   <   0.05) and an increase in percent stent expansion (P   <   0.001). The plaque   +   media volume reduction after TA was correlated with stent expansion (r   =   0.261, P   =   0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Manual TA reduces atherothrombotic burden in culprit lesions of NSTE-ACS @entity1 before S-PCI and, when deep plaque removal is obtained, TA optimizes subsequent stent expansion.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Reduction of atherothrombotic burden before stent deployment in non-ST elevation @entity1187 : Reduction of myocardial necrosis achieved with nose-dive manual XXXX aspiration (REMNANT) trial. A volumetric @entity5642 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['IVUS', 'intravascular ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test whether @entity715 aspiration (TA) reduces the atherosclerotic burden in culprit lesions and "facilitate" percutaneous coronary intervention with stent (S-PCI) among @entity1 with non-ST elevation @entity1187 (NSTE-ACS). BACKGROUND: Evidence on the effects of TA adjunctive to S-PCI in NSTE-ACS is limited and controversial. METHODS: TA was defined "aggressive" when using 7F devices or a catheter/artery ratio >0.6, "conservative" with 6F, and a catheter/artery ratio  <=0.6. Angiography and @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) were performed at baseline, after TA and after stent deployment. RESULTS: TA was accomplished in 61/76 @entity1 (80%) with NSTE-ACS. The aspirated material was red @entity715 in 23% and plaque fragments in 49% of cases. Compared with baseline, TA was associated with an 82% increase in minimal lumen diameter and a 15% reduction in diameter stenosis (P   <   0.001 for both). After TA, @entity5642 documented a 24 and 16% increase in minimal lumen area and lumen volume, respectively (P   <   0.001 for both), a 7% decrease in area stenosis through an 11% reduction of plaque   +   media volume (P   <   0.001). When compared with "conservative", an "aggressive" TA was associated with a more pronounced reduction in percent area stenosis (P   <   0.05) and an increase in percent stent expansion (P   <   0.001). The plaque   +   media volume reduction after TA was correlated with stent expansion (r   =   0.261, P   =   0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Manual TA reduces atherothrombotic burden in culprit lesions of NSTE-ACS @entity1 before S-PCI and, when deep plaque removal is obtained, TA optimizes subsequent stent expansion.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Reduction of atherothrombotic burden before stent deployment in non-ST elevation XXXX : Reduction of myocardial necrosis achieved with nose-dive manual @entity715 aspiration (REMNANT) trial. A volumetric @entity5642 study.

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test whether @entity715 aspiration (TA) reduces the atherosclerotic burden in culprit lesions and "facilitate" percutaneous coronary intervention with stent (S-PCI) among @entity1 with non-ST elevation @entity1187 (NSTE-ACS). BACKGROUND: Evidence on the effects of TA adjunctive to S-PCI in NSTE-ACS is limited and controversial. METHODS: TA was defined "aggressive" when using 7F devices or a catheter/artery ratio >0.6, "conservative" with 6F, and a catheter/artery ratio  <=0.6. Angiography and @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) were performed at baseline, after TA and after stent deployment. RESULTS: TA was accomplished in 61/76 @entity1 (80%) with NSTE-ACS. The aspirated material was red @entity715 in 23% and plaque fragments in 49% of cases. Compared with baseline, TA was associated with an 82% increase in minimal lumen diameter and a 15% reduction in diameter stenosis (P   <   0.001 for both). After TA, @entity5642 documented a 24 and 16% increase in minimal lumen area and lumen volume, respectively (P   <   0.001 for both), a 7% decrease in area stenosis through an 11% reduction of plaque   +   media volume (P   <   0.001). When compared with "conservative", an "aggressive" TA was associated with a more pronounced reduction in percent area stenosis (P   <   0.05) and an increase in percent stent expansion (P   <   0.001). The plaque   +   media volume reduction after TA was correlated with stent expansion (r   =   0.261, P   =   0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Manual TA reduces atherothrombotic burden in culprit lesions of NSTE-ACS @entity1 before S-PCI and, when deep plaque removal is obtained, TA optimizes subsequent stent expansion.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Reduction of atherothrombotic burden before stent deployment in non-ST elevation @entity1187 : Reduction of myocardial necrosis achieved with nose-dive manual @entity715 aspiration (REMNANT) trial. A volumetric XXXX study.

answer: @entity5642 :: (MESH:D004211,Disease) :: ['intravascular ultrasound']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Loneliness involves subjective, rather than objective, social isolation and has a range of negative effects on mental and physical functioning. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of loneliness in @entity914 and its association with symptoms and cognitive performance. METHOD: Data were drawn from the second Australian National Survey of @entity716 and comprised responses from 1642 @entity1 with an International Classification of Diseases 10 diagnosis of @entity914 who had completed a semi-structured interview of symptoms and social functioning (including loneliness), along with standardized assessments of current (digit symbol coding; @entity48451 ) and premorbid (National Adult Reading Test) cognitive ability. We examined the prevalence of loneliness across the diagnostic categories of @entity716 , and its association with @entity716 and non- @entity716 symptoms and digit symbol coding scores. RESULTS: The prevalence of loneliness was high, ranging from 74.75% in @entity1 with @entity4750 to 93.8% in @entity308 , and was significantly higher than in the general population. Loneliness was also significantly associated with @entity4270 and @entity392 . @entity1 feeling socially isolated/lonely for company had significantly lower @entity48451 scores than those who only felt lonely occasionally. Unexpectedly, @entity1 who reported not feeling lonely had the lowest @entity48451 scores. CONCLUSIONS: Loneliness is common across all @entity914 , particularly in @entity308 . It is specifically associated with ongoing @entity393 and disordered thoughts as well as impairment in current cognitive functioning. However, poor cognitive functioning is not inevitably associated with loneliness. Implications for personalized treatment of @entity716 are discussed.

title: Loneliness in XXXX and its association with cognitive function and symptom profile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive psychosis']

entities_list: @entity4750 :: ('MESH:D012563', 'Disease') :: ['delusional disorders']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['subjective thought disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'Psychosis', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of pleasure']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic disorders']


abstract: The chromatin-binding @entity48205 protein was recently reported to promote the growth of HPV+ and HPV- @entity213 ( @entity213 ). Relevant cellular and molecular mechanism(s) controlled by @entity48205 in @entity213 remain poorly understood. While @entity48205 is known to regulate specific transcriptional targets, global @entity48205 -dependent gene networks in @entity213 are unknown. To identify @entity48205 transcriptional signatures we performed RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) in @entity213 cell lines that were either @entity942 for @entity48205 . Bioinformatic analyses and subsequent validation revealed that @entity4101 , a regulator of inflammatory signaling, and @entity4101 -dependent regulatory networks were significantly repressed upon @entity48205 knockdown in @entity213 . According to TCGA data, 14% of @entity213 specimens overexpressed @entity4101 , thus supporting possible oncogenic functions. Furthermore, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of @entity4101 in @entity213 cell lines was sufficient to attenuate downstream signaling such as @entity1366 and to induce @entity213 cell death by apoptosis. Finally, targeting @entity48205 and @entity4101 simultaneously enhanced cell death as compared to targeting either alone. Our findings reveal that @entity4101 promotes cell survival and is an attractive therapeutic target in @entity213 cells. Thus, we propose a model wherein @entity4101 stimulates @entity5 signaling and phenotypes both independently and in conjunction with @entity48205 .

title: XXXX is a novel @entity48205 transcriptional target and is essential for head and neck cancer cell survival.

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCCs', 'HNSCC', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['proficient or deficient']

answer: @entity4101 :: (3654,Gene) :: ['IRAK1']


abstract: The chromatin-binding @entity48205 protein was recently reported to promote the growth of HPV+ and HPV- @entity213 ( @entity213 ). Relevant cellular and molecular mechanism(s) controlled by @entity48205 in @entity213 remain poorly understood. While @entity48205 is known to regulate specific transcriptional targets, global @entity48205 -dependent gene networks in @entity213 are unknown. To identify @entity48205 transcriptional signatures we performed RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) in @entity213 cell lines that were either @entity942 for @entity48205 . Bioinformatic analyses and subsequent validation revealed that @entity4101 , a regulator of inflammatory signaling, and @entity4101 -dependent regulatory networks were significantly repressed upon @entity48205 knockdown in @entity213 . According to TCGA data, 14% of @entity213 specimens overexpressed @entity4101 , thus supporting possible oncogenic functions. Furthermore, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of @entity4101 in @entity213 cell lines was sufficient to attenuate downstream signaling such as @entity1366 and to induce @entity213 cell death by apoptosis. Finally, targeting @entity48205 and @entity4101 simultaneously enhanced cell death as compared to targeting either alone. Our findings reveal that @entity4101 promotes cell survival and is an attractive therapeutic target in @entity213 cells. Thus, we propose a model wherein @entity4101 stimulates @entity5 signaling and phenotypes both independently and in conjunction with @entity48205 .

title: @entity4101 is a novel XXXX transcriptional target and is essential for head and neck cancer cell survival.

answer: @entity48205 :: (7913,Gene) :: ['DEK']


abstract: PURPOSE: When @entity1028 and common iliac artery (CIA) @entity439 undergo concomitant endovascular repair, endograft limb extension into the external iliac artery is often necessary. Usually, the internal iliac artery (IIA) is coil embolized in such a case to prevent @entity1070 . It has been our practice to coil embolize the IIA only in cases where there is not adequate stent graft seal in the CIA immediately proximal to the IIA origin (effectively sealing the entire IIA origin). In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of this approach. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 204 consecutive @entity1028 at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center from 1996 to 2001. Computed tomographic angiography with three-dimensional reconstruction was the primary preoperative imaging modality, and the decision to cover the IIA without concomitant coil embolization was based before surgery on the presence of adequate graft oversizing (> or =10% to 15%) in the most distal 5 mm of CIA and 15 mm of proximal external iliac artery, respectively. RESULTS: The IIA was occluded 33 times in 31 @entity1 . In 22 cases (67%), the IIA was covered without coil embolization (COVER group). The remaining 11 @entity1 (33%) with inadequate graft oversizing in the CIA underwent IIA coil embolization (COIL group). The follow-up periods for the COVER and COIL groups were 19 +/- 2 months and 10 +/- 3 months, respectively. All operations in both groups were technically successful without evidence of @entity1070 at completion angiography. No endoleaks, graft migrations, or @entity439 were associated with the covered or coiled IIAs during the follow-up period. No clinical sequelae were seen in the COVER group, with the exception of @entity613 in six @entity1 (27%) that resolved completely in five @entity1 . In the COIL group, five @entity1 (45%) had @entity613 . In addition, one case of buttock @entity39 and one case of @entity63 occurred in the COIL group. CONCLUSION: Covering the IIA without coiling effectively excluded the @entity1029 in every case and was associated with a low incidence rate of complications compared with coil embolization. With detailed preoperative imaging and @entity1 selection, IIA coil embolization may not be necessary in as many as two thirds of @entity1 who need IIA occlusion.

title: Internal iliac occlusion without coil embolization during XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm enlargements']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['buttock claudication']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['CIA aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs', 'abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Seventy-one frozen lung tissue specimens from 52 @entity1 suffering from @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were analysed in this study. Cryostat sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies against @entity876 , ki-67 and @entity8780 , all of which are of prognostic value in @entity1149 . Slides were evaluated by standard manual microscopy (MM) and using a new Automated Cellular Imaging System (ACIS). The results obtained with ACIS correlated significantly with MM examination (p<0.001). However, ACIS showed a higher sensitivity, especially for specimens with a low infiltration volume. In 15 (6.8%) MM negative cases singular positive cells were identified with ACIS. In cases with a high infiltration volume subjective (MM) quantitation tended to overestimate the number of infiltrating cells. ACIS guaranteed a high reproducibility of data. We conclude that ACIS-assisted analysis is a valid means of investigating the @entity876 , ki-67 and @entity8780 antibody expression in cryostat sections of @entity2 specimens. ACIS can complement conventional manual microscopy due to its higher accuracy, sensitivity and better reproducibility of data.

title: Comparison of automated cellular imaging system and manual microscopy for immunohistochemically stained cryostat sections of XXXX specimens applying @entity876 , ki-67 and @entity8780 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Seventy-one frozen lung tissue specimens from 52 @entity1 suffering from @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were analysed in this study. Cryostat sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies against @entity876 , ki-67 and @entity8780 , all of which are of prognostic value in @entity1149 . Slides were evaluated by standard manual microscopy (MM) and using a new Automated Cellular Imaging System (ACIS). The results obtained with ACIS correlated significantly with MM examination (p<0.001). However, ACIS showed a higher sensitivity, especially for specimens with a low infiltration volume. In 15 (6.8%) MM negative cases singular positive cells were identified with ACIS. In cases with a high infiltration volume subjective (MM) quantitation tended to overestimate the number of infiltrating cells. ACIS guaranteed a high reproducibility of data. We conclude that ACIS-assisted analysis is a valid means of investigating the @entity876 , ki-67 and @entity8780 antibody expression in cryostat sections of @entity2 specimens. ACIS can complement conventional manual microscopy due to its higher accuracy, sensitivity and better reproducibility of data.

title: Comparison of automated cellular imaging system and manual microscopy for immunohistochemically stained cryostat sections of @entity2 specimens applying XXXX , ki-67 and @entity8780 .

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Seventy-one frozen lung tissue specimens from 52 @entity1 suffering from @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were analysed in this study. Cryostat sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies against @entity876 , ki-67 and @entity8780 , all of which are of prognostic value in @entity1149 . Slides were evaluated by standard manual microscopy (MM) and using a new Automated Cellular Imaging System (ACIS). The results obtained with ACIS correlated significantly with MM examination (p<0.001). However, ACIS showed a higher sensitivity, especially for specimens with a low infiltration volume. In 15 (6.8%) MM negative cases singular positive cells were identified with ACIS. In cases with a high infiltration volume subjective (MM) quantitation tended to overestimate the number of infiltrating cells. ACIS guaranteed a high reproducibility of data. We conclude that ACIS-assisted analysis is a valid means of investigating the @entity876 , ki-67 and @entity8780 antibody expression in cryostat sections of @entity2 specimens. ACIS can complement conventional manual microscopy due to its higher accuracy, sensitivity and better reproducibility of data.

title: Comparison of automated cellular imaging system and manual microscopy for immunohistochemically stained cryostat sections of @entity2 specimens applying @entity876 , ki-67 and XXXX .

answer: @entity8780 :: (1500,Gene) :: ['p120']


abstract: @entity1014 phosphorylase (TP) is an enzyme that converts 5'-DFUR to @entity1487 and also acts as an angiogenic factor. Measurement of serum TP levels has recently become possible by highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We examined 38 @entity1 with @entity356 to measure serum TP levels by highly sensitive ELISA method and tissue TP levels by conventional ELISA. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of normal and @entity5 tissues was also performed. Serum TP levels in @entity1 with stages III and IV and inoperable or recurrent @entity5 were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. A high correlation was found between serum TP levels and @entity5 TP levels (r=0.65, p<0.0001). Moreover, serum TP levels were about 1/2500 of @entity5 TP levels. Tissue TP values in @entity5 were significantly higher than those in normal tissue. On the other hand, no significant differences among the @entity5 stages were found in either serum or @entity5 tissue. In conclusion, we demonstrate that serum TP levels strongly reflect @entity5 TP levels, and it may predict clinicopathological factors, prognosis, or sensitivity of anti- @entity5 drugs.

title: Measurement of serum @entity1014 phosphorylase levels by highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymidine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']