abstract: Intensive amateur sport will lead especially in the untrained to frequent traumatisation. Exact discussion of the symptomatics of the @entity2633 seems to be necessary. Sufficient therapy of various @entity158 symptoms, which are usually described as @entity2633 is only possible after exact differentiation. @entity158 can be caused by the ligamentum-anulare-syndrome as well as by the classic insertion @entity924 . A @entity1184 of the radio-humeral disc can also be the reason of @entity158 after @entity603 . @entity571 and @entity309 can easily be differentiated from posttraumatic changes by anamnesis and clinical examination. In a large group of @entity1 @entity158 in the elbow region is caused by cervical spine disturbancies, which are frequently overlooked. Similar symptoms can be seen in cases with peripheral irritation of the radial nerve, which can be entrapped as in the @entity907 . Juvenile @entity1 can also suffer from @entity2530 (M. Panner, M. Hegemann) or from epiphysiolysis. In the years from 1975 to 1980 1,096 @entity1 with @entity158 symptoms at the radial epicondyle of the humerus were treated at the Orthopedic Clinic of the University of Vienna under exclusion of those cases with cervical spine disturbancies. Out of the 1,096 @entity1 seen 60 were treated surgically (5,47%) because of insertion @entity924 . 35 cases of @entity6995 (3,19%) and three of @entity2530 (0,27%) were seen in the same period. 60 synovectomies with 33 resections of the radial head were operated because of @entity309 with massive destruction of the humeroradial joint.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Differential diagnosis of XXXX humeri radialis].

entities_list: @entity6995 :: ('MESH:D055034', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondrosis dissecans']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['supinator syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinosis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Paraarticular pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['epicondylitis']


abstract: Authors observed the mechanical response of the tracheal muscle to electrical stimulation using only one transverse strip preparation of isolated @entity840 @entity825 , 4-5 mm in width, which included only one tracheal muscle strip. The effects of various pharmacological agents on these responses were also investigated. A biphasic response which is a contractile response followed by a relaxing response usually appeared when the preparation was stimulated with rectangular pulses (50 volt, 0.5 msec) at 40 Hz for a period of 5 sec. A monophasic contractile response also appeared, only rarely but this response was shifted to the biphasic response as the resting tonus level of the preparation gradually increased in the course of the experiment. When the preparation was stimulated electrically at intervals of 15 min, the resting tonus level of the preparation gradually decreased and it subsequently reached a stable state. Then the amplitude of contractile response and depth of relaxing response in the biphasic response evoked by electrical stimulation of constant condition were, respectively, almost constant, whenever the preparation was stimulated at intervals of 15 min. The amplitude of monophasic contractile response which appeared only rarely was relatively constant to every trial of electrical stimulation throughout the experiment. The amplitude of contractile response and depth of relaxing response in the biphasic response were 283 +/- 65 mg (mean +/- SD, n = 10) and 293 +/- 93 mg (mean +/- SD, n = 10), respectively. The monophasic contractile response was abolished by @entity3897 (5 X 10(-7) g/ml) or @entity1022 (2 X 10(-7) g/ml). The contractile response in the biphasic response was abolished by @entity3897 (5 X 10(-7) g/ml). In the presence of @entity3897 (5 X 10(-7) g/ml), therefore, only the relaxing response appeared. This relaxing response was respectively reduced by @entity2997 (1 X 10(-5) g/ml-1 X 10(-6) g/ml) and @entity1169 (1 X 10(-5) g/ml-1 X 10(-6) g/ml), but complete inhibition was never seen. These findings suggest that the excitatory innervation is cholinergic and the inhibitory innervation is both adrenergic and non-adrenergic. In addition, from the results of this work it is clear that the preparation used by the authors are good enough to observe the electrical stimulation-induced response of the preparation.

title: A note on responses of isolated XXXX tracheal strip preparation to electrical stimulation.

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: The effects of central and peripheral administration of muscarinic agonists and antagonists on small intestinal motility were examined in conscious @entity35 chronically fitted with electrodes implanted in the duodeno-jejunal wall and a cannula in a cerebral lateral ventricle. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of either @entity3897 or @entity4140 at doses from 1 to 10 micrograms, 15 min before a 3 and 6 g lab chow meal significantly reduced the duration of the postprandial disruption of the migrating myoelectric complexes ( @entity1139 ). The reduction was significantly greater for @entity3897 , a mixed M1 and M2 muscarinic receptor antagonist, than for @entity4140 , an antagonist with a high affinity for M1 receptors. At a higher dose (10 micrograms) intra peritoneal (i.p.) administration of @entity3897 or @entity4140 did not modify the postprandial disruption of @entity1139 . @entity5592 (10 ng) a M2 agonist, but not @entity4138 (5 micrograms), a selective M1 agonist, given i.c.v. in fasted @entity35 disrupted for 1.5 h the @entity1139 pattern. At the same doses given i.p. @entity5592 and McNeil A343 disrupted the @entity1139 for 15 and 45 min respectively. We conclude that the postprandial changes in the small intestinal motility involve muscarinic receptors, mainly of M2 subtype, at the level of the central nervous system.

title: Central muscarinic control of the pattern of small intestinal motility in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5592 :: ('MESH:D010095', 'Chemical') :: ['oxotremorine', 'Oxotremorine']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) is an independent risk factor for a variety of @entity65 , such as @entity301 , @entity101 , @entity64 , etc. There is a close relationship between the vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and these diseases. Recent studies have shown @entity1255 can induce apoptosis in endothelial cells, which may be an important mechanism for the development of theses @entity65 . Although there are several reports about how the @entity5784 induces apoptosis in endothelial cells, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA. Previous studies have shown that there is a close relationship between several microRNAs and cell apoptosis. However, there are no studies about the role of microRNAs in @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in endothelial cells so far. In this study, we constructed the model of @entity1255 -induced apoptosis in @entity1 coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and found @entity39767 was significantly down-regulated by 1 mmol/L @entity5784 . In addition, overexpression of @entity39767 can improve the @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in HCAECs by downregulating @entity522 expression. Therefore, @entity39767 may play an important role in @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in endothelial cells.

title: XXXX Is Involved in the @entity1255 -Induced Apoptosis in @entity1 Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells by Regulating the Expression of @entity522 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity39767 :: (407030,Gene) :: ['MiR-30b']


abstract: @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) is an independent risk factor for a variety of @entity65 , such as @entity301 , @entity101 , @entity64 , etc. There is a close relationship between the vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and these diseases. Recent studies have shown @entity1255 can induce apoptosis in endothelial cells, which may be an important mechanism for the development of theses @entity65 . Although there are several reports about how the @entity5784 induces apoptosis in endothelial cells, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA. Previous studies have shown that there is a close relationship between several microRNAs and cell apoptosis. However, there are no studies about the role of microRNAs in @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in endothelial cells so far. In this study, we constructed the model of @entity1255 -induced apoptosis in @entity1 coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and found @entity39767 was significantly down-regulated by 1 mmol/L @entity5784 . In addition, overexpression of @entity39767 can improve the @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in HCAECs by downregulating @entity522 expression. Therefore, @entity39767 may play an important role in @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in endothelial cells.

title: @entity39767 Is Involved in the XXXX -Induced Apoptosis in @entity1 Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells by Regulating the Expression of @entity522 .

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['Homocysteine']


abstract: @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) is an independent risk factor for a variety of @entity65 , such as @entity301 , @entity101 , @entity64 , etc. There is a close relationship between the vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and these diseases. Recent studies have shown @entity1255 can induce apoptosis in endothelial cells, which may be an important mechanism for the development of theses @entity65 . Although there are several reports about how the @entity5784 induces apoptosis in endothelial cells, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA. Previous studies have shown that there is a close relationship between several microRNAs and cell apoptosis. However, there are no studies about the role of microRNAs in @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in endothelial cells so far. In this study, we constructed the model of @entity1255 -induced apoptosis in @entity1 coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and found @entity39767 was significantly down-regulated by 1 mmol/L @entity5784 . In addition, overexpression of @entity39767 can improve the @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in HCAECs by downregulating @entity522 expression. Therefore, @entity39767 may play an important role in @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in endothelial cells.

title: @entity39767 Is Involved in the @entity1255 -Induced Apoptosis in @entity1 Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells by Regulating the Expression of XXXX .

answer: @entity522 :: (836,Gene) :: ['Caspase 3']


abstract: @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) is an independent risk factor for a variety of @entity65 , such as @entity301 , @entity101 , @entity64 , etc. There is a close relationship between the vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and these diseases. Recent studies have shown @entity1255 can induce apoptosis in endothelial cells, which may be an important mechanism for the development of theses @entity65 . Although there are several reports about how the @entity5784 induces apoptosis in endothelial cells, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA. Previous studies have shown that there is a close relationship between several microRNAs and cell apoptosis. However, there are no studies about the role of microRNAs in @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in endothelial cells so far. In this study, we constructed the model of @entity1255 -induced apoptosis in @entity1 coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and found @entity39767 was significantly down-regulated by 1 mmol/L @entity5784 . In addition, overexpression of @entity39767 can improve the @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in HCAECs by downregulating @entity522 expression. Therefore, @entity39767 may play an important role in @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in endothelial cells.

title: @entity39767 Is Involved in the @entity1255 -Induced Apoptosis in XXXX Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells by Regulating the Expression of @entity522 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: To compare the pathological features and long-term survival of @entity150 ( @entity150 ) in young @entity1 with elderly counterparts. Using the U.S. National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population-based data, we identified 93115 @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity150 diagnosed between 1988 and 2003. @entity1 were categorized into young (50 years and under) and elderly groups (over 50 years of age). The overall and five-year @entity150 specific survival (BCSS) data were obtained using Kaplan-Meier plots. Multivariable Cox regression models were built for the analysis of long-term survival outcomes and risk factors. There were significant differences between the two groups in primary site, pathologic grading, histologic type, AJCC stage (p<0.001). The overall and 5-year cancer specific survival rates were 88.1% and 90.8% in young group, 64.8% and 81.3% in elderly group, which had significant difference in both univariate and multivariate analysis (p<0.001). Further analysis showed this significant difference existed across all the AJCC stage @entity1 . The study findings show different patterns in the prognostic value of age for determining BCSS, depending on the @entity5 stages. Compared with elderly @entity1 , young @entity1 with @entity150 surgery appear to have unique characteristics and a higher overall and cancer specific survival rate.

title: Different patterns in the prognostic value of age for XXXX -specific survival depending on @entity5 stages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'BCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: To compare the pathological features and long-term survival of @entity150 ( @entity150 ) in young @entity1 with elderly counterparts. Using the U.S. National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population-based data, we identified 93115 @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity150 diagnosed between 1988 and 2003. @entity1 were categorized into young (50 years and under) and elderly groups (over 50 years of age). The overall and five-year @entity150 specific survival (BCSS) data were obtained using Kaplan-Meier plots. Multivariable Cox regression models were built for the analysis of long-term survival outcomes and risk factors. There were significant differences between the two groups in primary site, pathologic grading, histologic type, AJCC stage (p<0.001). The overall and 5-year cancer specific survival rates were 88.1% and 90.8% in young group, 64.8% and 81.3% in elderly group, which had significant difference in both univariate and multivariate analysis (p<0.001). Further analysis showed this significant difference existed across all the AJCC stage @entity1 . The study findings show different patterns in the prognostic value of age for determining BCSS, depending on the @entity5 stages. Compared with elderly @entity1 , young @entity1 with @entity150 surgery appear to have unique characteristics and a higher overall and cancer specific survival rate.

title: Different patterns in the prognostic value of age for @entity150 -specific survival depending on XXXX stages.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2314 is a @entity2315 caused by @entity2314 as a result of mutations in the @entity10153 gene. Cardiac involvement is characterized by progressive @entity4346 . OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity2314 in a population with @entity4346 . METHODS: The @entity1 were assessed for the presence of @entity4346 as a left ventricular mass index >=  96 g/m2 for @entity1 or >=  116 g/m2 for @entity1 . Severe @entity472 and @entity101 with mild @entity4346 were exclusion criteria. All @entity1 included were assessed for enzyme a-galactosidase A activity using dry spot testing. Genetic study was performed whenever the enzyme activity was decreased. RESULTS: A total of 47 @entity1 with a mean left ventricular mass index of 141.1 g/m2 (   28.5; 99.2 to 228.5 g/m2] were included. Most of the @entity1 were females (51.1%). Nine (19.1%) showed @entity7791 A activity, but only one positive genetic test - [ @entity10153 ] @entity60874 ; @entity71165 (exon 5), a mutation not previously described in the literature. This clinical investigation was able to establish the association between the mutation and the clinical presentation. CONCLUSION: In a population of @entity1 with @entity4346 , we documented a @entity2314 prevalence of 2.1%. This novel case was defined in the sequence of a mutation of unknown meaning in the @entity10153 gene with further pathogenicity study. Thus, this study permitted the definition of a novel causal mutation for @entity2314 - [ @entity10153 ] @entity60874 ; @entity71165 (exon 5).

title: Screening for XXXX in @entity4346 : Documentation of a Novel Mutation.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['decreased a-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry disease', 'enzyme a-galactosidase A deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy defined', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Fabry Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2314 is a @entity2315 caused by @entity2314 as a result of mutations in the @entity10153 gene. Cardiac involvement is characterized by progressive @entity4346 . OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity2314 in a population with @entity4346 . METHODS: The @entity1 were assessed for the presence of @entity4346 as a left ventricular mass index >=  96 g/m2 for @entity1 or >=  116 g/m2 for @entity1 . Severe @entity472 and @entity101 with mild @entity4346 were exclusion criteria. All @entity1 included were assessed for enzyme a-galactosidase A activity using dry spot testing. Genetic study was performed whenever the enzyme activity was decreased. RESULTS: A total of 47 @entity1 with a mean left ventricular mass index of 141.1 g/m2 (   28.5; 99.2 to 228.5 g/m2] were included. Most of the @entity1 were females (51.1%). Nine (19.1%) showed @entity7791 A activity, but only one positive genetic test - [ @entity10153 ] @entity60874 ; @entity71165 (exon 5), a mutation not previously described in the literature. This clinical investigation was able to establish the association between the mutation and the clinical presentation. CONCLUSION: In a population of @entity1 with @entity4346 , we documented a @entity2314 prevalence of 2.1%. This novel case was defined in the sequence of a mutation of unknown meaning in the @entity10153 gene with further pathogenicity study. Thus, this study permitted the definition of a novel causal mutation for @entity2314 - [ @entity10153 ] @entity60874 ; @entity71165 (exon 5).

title: Screening for @entity2314 in XXXX : Documentation of a Novel Mutation.

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['Left Ventricular Hypertrophy']


abstract: Four lines of @entity19 , two lines selected for rapid growth (large body weights) (M16 and H6) and their unselected control lines (ICR and C2, respectively), were examined for traits related to @entity28 . The M16 line is @entity28 while the other three lines are normal in body composition at 10 weeks of age when fed stock diet. In experiment I, @entity19 were fed stock diet and examined at intervals from 4 to 22 weeks of age. @entity19 were fed either a high- @entity1735 or high-fat diet in experiment II and examined at 4, 6 and 10 weeks of age. The traits measured were serum @entity413 , serum insulin and in vitro insulin responsiveness of diaphragm muscle. Epididymal adipose cellularity was determined at 10 weeks of age. Insulin responsiveness was determined for the diaphragm muscle by @entity897 uptake. Body weights differed significantly (M16 greater than H6 greater than ICR greater than C2, P less than 0.01). The M16 @entity28 line was @entity1602 and mildly @entity1717 while the H6 line was hypoglycemic and normoinsulinemic. Basal @entity897 uptakes by diaphragm muscle were similar among lines while the insulin-stimulated uptake by M16 and H6 lines was less (P less than 0.01) than the stimulated uptake by their control lines. Diet did not affect basal uptakes, but high-fat diets reduced (P less than 0.01) the insulin stimulated uptakes when compared to the high- @entity1735 diet. Selected lines had more and larger epididymal adipocytes than control lines when fed the stock diet (P less than 0.01). Decreased insulin responsiveness of muscle tissue among the lines occurred concomitantly with an increase in adipocyte size.

title: Insulin responsiveness of diaphragm tissue and adipose cellularity in XXXX selected for rapid growth.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Marine cetaceans (whales and dolphins), pinnipeds (seals and sea lions), reptiles (turtles and crocodyles), fish and shellfish, and fish-eating birds have been found to harbor salmonellae. In some of these animals, clinical @entity5746 has been demonstrated, but in many cases, the isolated salmonellae may have been an opportunistic pathogen with the illness or @entity204 of the host due to other causes. On the basis of the few reports in the literature, marine reptiles (turtles and crocodyles), fish, and shellfish appear to be passive carriers of salmonellae and demonstrate no clinical disease. All of these animals constitute a potential source of @entity5746 in @entity1 and his domestic animals. The role of wild and domestic terrestrial animals and fresh water aquatic animals in the transmission of @entity5746 to @entity1 has been recognized for many years. The situation with regard to the marine (saltwater) animals has never been adequately investigated or reported. In the past, much reliance has been placed on the ability of saline waters to inhibit or destroy @entity1 pathogens, including the salmonellae. Whether this effect is chemical, physical or biological has been studied since the late nineteenth century, and the investigators have found a number of factors affecting both the inhibition and stimulation of growth of salmonellae in saline waters. Salmonellae have been isolated from or found to survive in seawater with salinities as high as 3.5 percent. Marine animals in many parts of the world have been found harboring salmonellae.

title: XXXX in the marine environment. A review and commentary.

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['salmonellosis']

answer: @entity5746 :: (MESH:D012480,Disease) :: ['Salmonellosis']


abstract: Developmental changes of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) neurons and fibers in the spinal cord of the embryo and posthatching @entity1573 were studied with immunohistochemical techniques with the aid of an antibody against @entity750 . The first @entity750 -immunoreactive fibers were found in the marginal layer of the cervical and lumbar spinal cord on embryonic days 6 and 8, respectively. There was a time lag of a few days between the first appearance of @entity750 fibers in the marginal layer (embryonic days 6-8) and the time of penetration of @entity750 fibers into the mantle layer (embryonic day 8 or older). The developments of @entity750 innervation in the rostral parts of the spinal cord precedes that of caudal regions. @entity750 fibers penetrating into the mantle layer of the lumbar spinal cord were first found in lamina VII on embryonic day 8, whereas there were no @entity750 -immunoreactive fibers in lamina IX by embryonic day 10. Large differences were found between embryonic day 16 and posthatching day 5 with regard to the density of @entity750 varicosities and fibers in lamina IX, where profiles of soma and large-sized dendrites were heavily covered with varicosities. Laminae I and II first received @entity750 fibers on embryonic day 16 and had a much denser innervation by posthatching day 5. There were no traces of @entity750 fibers in lamina III in the stages examined up to posthatching day 5. @entity750 fibers were located in the lateral and ventral marginal layers in all specimens examined; only a few fibers were found in the dorsal marginal layer. Although few, @entity750 -immunoreactive cell bodies were found in an area around the central canal of all animals from embryonic day 8 to adult. Some of these were located in the ependymal layer and sent processes toward the central canal; there were a small number of cells with long, fine processes. @entity750 -immunoreactive fibers in the spinal cord were not altered in regions rostral to the spinal transection, whereas all the serotoninergic fibers of the supraspinal origin were eliminated in the spinal cord caudal to the gap.

title: Immunohistochemical study on the development of serotoninergic neurons in the XXXX : II. Distribution of cell bodies and fibers in the spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin', '5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: A survey was undertaken of the occurrence, serotype, antimicrobial sensitivity and plasmid content of members of the tribe Proteeae in the environment of two @entity291 -rearing units in the county of Avon in South West England. Examples of the following species were found: @entity5609 , Prot. vulgaris, Prot. vulgaris Biogroup 2, @entity11889 , @entity11477 , Prov. alcalifaciens and Prov. rettgeri. A wide range of serotypes was found, many having been previously reported from nosocomial isolates. A total of 15% of isolates carried plasmids; six pairs of isolates were identified which had identical serotypes but different patterns of plasmid carriage. The antimicrobial sensitivity of the isolates was generally similar to isolates of Proteeae from @entity1 . Although no truly @entity4028 -resistant isolates were found, some isolates of Prov. stuartii and Prov. rettgeri had MIC's higher than the other isolates to @entity801 and @entity5153 , suggesting the presence of low levels of the enzyme AAC 2'. The study demonstrates that there is a considerable diversity of species and types of Proteeae associated with @entity291 and their environment. It seems likely that a potential cause of colonization of the @entity1 gut by Proteeae is the consumption of meat.

title: Speciation, serotyping, antimicrobial sensitivity and plasmid content of Proteeae from the environment of XXXX -rearing units in South West England.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity11889 :: ('582', 'Species') :: ['Morganella morganii']

entities_list: @entity5153 :: ('MESH:D009428', 'Chemical') :: ['netilmicin']

entities_list: @entity11477 :: ('588', 'Species') :: ['Providencia stuartii']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: In several diseases, such as disseminated @entity5642 , fibrin- @entity2002 degradation products ( @entity4568 ) can be detected when serum is used. To avoid the use of serum with the risk of falsely positive and negative results, and to quantitatively measure routinely low levels of @entity4568 in plasma, we developed a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA), using a monoclonal antibody (No. @entity4568 -14). It reacts specifically with @entity4568 , but not with the parent @entity2002 -fibrin molecule. To raise the monoclonal antibodies we injected into @entity19 a whole mixture of fibrin degradation products isolated after complete lysis of a @entity1 blood clot by tissue-type plasminogen activator, because there is a chance that such products resemble @entity4568 in @entity1 ' blood more closely than antigens derived from purified @entity2002 . The EIA developed is a two-step assay ("cap-tag procedure"), in which the monoclonal antibody is attached to the wells of microtiter plates. The monoclonal antibody is specific for a neoantigenic determinant in the fragment E moiety, exposed after degradation of @entity2002 -fibrin by plasmin. The assay discriminates neither between degradation products of @entity2002 and fibrin nor between fibrin degradation products that are or are not cross-linked. It is not disturbed by the presence of @entity2002 or fibrin monomer in plasma. The assay is accurate above 60 ng @entity4568 per milliliter and has a detection limit down to approximately 10 ng @entity4568 per milliliter when the supernatant of a lysed blood clot is used as calibration material. In frozen, then thawed plasma specimens from normal individuals, @entity4568 values varied between 30 and 110 ng/ml. Plasma of @entity1 with disseminated @entity5642 and of @entity1 receiving thrombolytic therapy had increased @entity4568 values. In @entity1 with @entity43 , @entity4568 concentrations in plasma varied with the clinical course of the disease. Results indicate that the EIA for @entity4568 in plasma is promising as a diagnostic tool in different clinical situations.

title: New enzyme immunoassay of fibrin- XXXX degradation products in plasma using a monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: The tRNA-like structure of @entity71166 is known to be efficiently recognized and aminoacylated by valyl-tRNA synthetase. The present work reports domains in the isolated tRNA-like fragment (159 terminal @entity2036 at the 3'-end of the two viral RNAs) in contact with purified @entity375 valyl-tRNA synthetase. These domains were determined in protection experiments using chemical and enzymatic structural probes. In addition, new data, re-enforcing the validity of the tertiary folding model for the native RNA, are given. In particular, at the level of the @entity535 accepting arm it was found that the two @entity1391 groups flanking the three @entity2774 residues of loop I are inaccessible to @entity330 . This is in agreement with a higher-order structure of this loop involving "pseudo knotting", as proposed by Rietveld et al. (1982). @entity56040 -tRNA synthetase efficiently protects the viral RNA against digestion by single-strand-specific S1 nuclease at the level of the anticodon loop. With cobra venom ribonuclease, specific for double-stranded regions of RNA, protection was detected on both sides of the anticodon arm and at the 5'-ends of loop I, a region that is involved in the building up of the acceptor arm. Loop II, which is topologically homologous to the T-loop of canonical tRNA was likewise protected. Weak protection was observed between arms I and II, and at the 3'-side of arm V. This arm, located at the 5'-side of arm IV (homologous to the D-arm of tRNA), does not participate in the pseudo-knotted model of the @entity4857 acceptor arm. Ethylnitrosourea was used to determine the @entity6546 of the tRNA-like structure in close contact with the synthetase. These are grouped in several stretches scattered over the RNA molecule. In agreement with the nuclease digestion results, protected @entity6546 are located in arms I, II, and III. Additionally, this chemical probe permits detection of other protected @entity6546 on the 3'-side of arm IV and on both sides of arm V. When displayed in the three-dimensional model of the tRNA-like structure, protected areas are localized on both limbs of the L-shaped RNA. It appears that valyl-tRNA synthetase embraces the entire tRNA-like structure. This is reminiscent of the interaction model of canonical @entity375 tRNAVal with its cognate synthetase.

title: Contact areas of the XXXX tRNA-like structure interacting with @entity375 valyl-tRNA synthetase.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylnitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity71166 :: ('12154', 'Species') :: ['turnip yellow mosaic virus']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity71166 :: (12154,Species) :: ['turnip yellow mosaic virus']


abstract: The tRNA-like structure of @entity71166 is known to be efficiently recognized and aminoacylated by valyl-tRNA synthetase. The present work reports domains in the isolated tRNA-like fragment (159 terminal @entity2036 at the 3'-end of the two viral RNAs) in contact with purified @entity375 valyl-tRNA synthetase. These domains were determined in protection experiments using chemical and enzymatic structural probes. In addition, new data, re-enforcing the validity of the tertiary folding model for the native RNA, are given. In particular, at the level of the @entity535 accepting arm it was found that the two @entity1391 groups flanking the three @entity2774 residues of loop I are inaccessible to @entity330 . This is in agreement with a higher-order structure of this loop involving "pseudo knotting", as proposed by Rietveld et al. (1982). @entity56040 -tRNA synthetase efficiently protects the viral RNA against digestion by single-strand-specific S1 nuclease at the level of the anticodon loop. With cobra venom ribonuclease, specific for double-stranded regions of RNA, protection was detected on both sides of the anticodon arm and at the 5'-ends of loop I, a region that is involved in the building up of the acceptor arm. Loop II, which is topologically homologous to the T-loop of canonical tRNA was likewise protected. Weak protection was observed between arms I and II, and at the 3'-side of arm V. This arm, located at the 5'-side of arm IV (homologous to the D-arm of tRNA), does not participate in the pseudo-knotted model of the @entity4857 acceptor arm. Ethylnitrosourea was used to determine the @entity6546 of the tRNA-like structure in close contact with the synthetase. These are grouped in several stretches scattered over the RNA molecule. In agreement with the nuclease digestion results, protected @entity6546 are located in arms I, II, and III. Additionally, this chemical probe permits detection of other protected @entity6546 on the 3'-side of arm IV and on both sides of arm V. When displayed in the three-dimensional model of the tRNA-like structure, protected areas are localized on both limbs of the L-shaped RNA. It appears that valyl-tRNA synthetase embraces the entire tRNA-like structure. This is reminiscent of the interaction model of canonical @entity375 tRNAVal with its cognate synthetase.

title: Contact areas of the @entity71166 tRNA-like structure interacting with XXXX valyl-tRNA synthetase.

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: Finely divided, insoluble inulin (gamma polymorph), given intraperitoneally (i.p.) to C57BL @entity19 1-3 days after i.p. B16 @entity320 cells, very significantly increased their @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in low doses (less than or equal to 40 and less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ @entity19 in 50 and 80% of tests, respectively). The gamma inulin was pure and free of endotoxin and soluble inulin, and was developed as a potent reagent specific for activating the @entity465 ( @entity465 ). Its antitumour action paralleled its in vitro @entity465 activation, namely, both activities were sharply dose-dependent up to a threshold dose above which they were dose-independent; dissolved inulin was inactive in vitro and in vivo, decreased the @entity1349 of the @entity19 and in a mixture antagonized the in vitro and in vivo activities of gamma inulin; the more soluble (alpha) polymorphs were active in proportion to their gamma content but the effects were blocked at higher doses presumably by dissolved inulin. In addition, depletion of host @entity465 with cobra venom factor or inulin before giving B16 cells increased their malignancy and abrogated the subsequent antitumour action of gamma inulin. The minimum i.p. dose of gamma inulin found to activate serum @entity465 in vivo was 50 micrograms (2.5 mg/kg), i.e. close to the minimum antitumour dose. These close correlations and the specificity of the reagent indicate that activation in vivo of the @entity465 (cellular or humoral) is an important first contact in stimulating host antitumour defences in this @entity19 model.

title: The anti- XXXX activity of inulin in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'alternative pathway of complement']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['mean survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Finely divided, insoluble inulin (gamma polymorph), given intraperitoneally (i.p.) to C57BL @entity19 1-3 days after i.p. B16 @entity320 cells, very significantly increased their @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in low doses (less than or equal to 40 and less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ @entity19 in 50 and 80% of tests, respectively). The gamma inulin was pure and free of endotoxin and soluble inulin, and was developed as a potent reagent specific for activating the @entity465 ( @entity465 ). Its antitumour action paralleled its in vitro @entity465 activation, namely, both activities were sharply dose-dependent up to a threshold dose above which they were dose-independent; dissolved inulin was inactive in vitro and in vivo, decreased the @entity1349 of the @entity19 and in a mixture antagonized the in vitro and in vivo activities of gamma inulin; the more soluble (alpha) polymorphs were active in proportion to their gamma content but the effects were blocked at higher doses presumably by dissolved inulin. In addition, depletion of host @entity465 with cobra venom factor or inulin before giving B16 cells increased their malignancy and abrogated the subsequent antitumour action of gamma inulin. The minimum i.p. dose of gamma inulin found to activate serum @entity465 in vivo was 50 micrograms (2.5 mg/kg), i.e. close to the minimum antitumour dose. These close correlations and the specificity of the reagent indicate that activation in vivo of the @entity465 (cellular or humoral) is an important first contact in stimulating host antitumour defences in this @entity19 model.

title: The anti- @entity320 activity of inulin in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity8462 initially respond to a number of therapies but relapse is common and inexorable with time, and despite further therapy, most @entity1 will ultimately die of their @entity706 . The recent demonstration of their sensitivity to alpha-interferon is promising. The importance of this human antitumor effect is that it is presumably based on mechanisms different from conventional agents. Phase I trials of various doses and schedules of recombinant alpha-interferon have shown that effective serum levels can be obtained by intramuscular (IM), intravenous (IV), or subcutaneous (SC) routes. Virtually all @entity1 experienced some degree of acute @entity137 manifested by fever, chills, @entity925 , and @entity10 . Tolerance usually developed to acute adverse effects within the first few weeks of therapy, regardless of dose or schedule. Fatigue and @entity448 were the most important adverse reactions, occurring during the first two weeks of treatment and generally persisting for the duration of therapy. Occasional adverse effects relating to the central nervous and cardiovascular systems have been reported. Primary laboratory abnormalities observed during treatment include @entity1503 and elevations of liver function tests. The clinical efficacy of alpha-interferon, both natural and recombinant, has been demonstrated in both untreated and heavily pretreated @entity1 with @entity8462 . The response rate has approached 50% in recent studies; however, less than half were complete responders. Future directions include combination of interferon with cytotoxic agents or other biological response modifiers and use as adjuvant therapy.

title: Alpha-interferon in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in hematologic parameters']

entities_list: @entity8462 :: ('MESH:D008224', 'Disease') :: ['nodular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity8462 :: (MESH:D008224,Disease) :: ['nodular lymphomas']


abstract: @entity2792 is a curable disease that has recently been recognized with increasing frequency. A renal scan in a 1-month-old @entity101 white male showed diminished function of the right kidney, and his peripheral vein @entity916 was elevated. Multiple antihypertensive medications failed to control his @entity101 , and right kidney function deteriorated. An arteriogram showed two stenotic renal arteries supplying the right kidney. The smaller inferior artery supplied 35% of the kidney. Selective vein @entity916 levels were greater than 15,000 ng/dL on the right side. Technical considerations in the repair of this lesion included midline transabdominal incision to expose the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava; dissection of inferior vena cava (IVC) with division of selected lumbar veins; full mobilization of right kidney and transsection of both @entity8 with cold Sach's solution after resection of arterial stenoses; end-to-side microvascular @entity254 of the smaller (2 mm) renal artery to the main renal artery at the hilum with 10-0 nylon over in situ perfusion cannula; renal artery passed under the IVC to the aorta; and right kidney autotransplanted to a new site on the abdominal aorta with an end-to-side (5.0 mm) renal artery to the aorta and an end-to-side renal vein to IVC @entity254 . Following revascularization, perfusion was excellent and the blood pressure returned to normal. At 6 months follow-up, selective renal vein renins were normal and an arteriogram showed no @entity850 . Meticulous dissection, cold perfusion, microvascular @entity254 , and autotransplantation salvaged this kidney and resolved the @entity101 .

title: Technical consideration in management of XXXX in an infant with double renal arteries.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal arteries and the renal vein; perfusion of kidney via each renal artery']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['Renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated @entity281 (HCAIs) endanger safety by increasing morbidity, mortality, and hospital stay. Studies identifying risk factors for @entity29381 rarely address the wider determinants of health. However, a well-characterized association exists between increasing social deprivation and poor health outcomes. Therefore it is important to determine whether HCAIs are associated with social deprivation. AIM: To determine the association between social deprivation and the prevalence of @entity29381 , in all inpatients in an acute hospital in Scotland on a single day across September and October 2011. METHODS: This study linked Scottish data from the 2011 European Point Prevalence Survey of @entity29381 and Antimicrobial Prescribing to the Scottish Morbidity Record 01, a national dataset with @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) included. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model @entity29381 prevalence against @entity1949 quintile. FINDINGS: No overall association was found between @entity1949 quintile and prevalence of @entity29381 in all inpatients. A significant difference was found between @entity29381 prevalence across @entity1949 quintile in @entity1 undergoing surgical procedures, with higher prevalence observed with increasing deprivation (P  =  0.0071). Variables associated with @entity29381 prevalence were: intensive care specialty, @entity146 and medical specialties, minimum invasive surgery, and all categories of length of stay. CONCLUSION: This study found a significant difference in @entity29381 prevalence across @entity1949 quintile in @entity1 undergoing surgery. To our knowledge this was the first study to examine the overall association between @entity29381 and @entity1949 . The findings highlight the broad and comprehensive nature of social deprivation in determining health outcomes.

title: Determining the effect of social deprivation on the prevalence of healthcare-associated XXXX in acute hospitals: a multivariate analysis of a linked data set.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation', 'SIMD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: Pharmacokinetic studies and clinical evaluations of @entity5505 ( @entity8353 ) were carried out in perinatal mothers and @entity1 , and following results were obtained. The @entity8353 was promptly absorbed after intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion in pregnant @entity1 , producing dose-related peak serum levels. Placental transference to the fetus was good. After intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion of 1.0-2.0 g of @entity8353 , drug concentration in umbilical serum and amniotic fluid exceeded MICs of @entity8353 against main pathogenic organisms. Levels of @entity8353 in umbilical serum ranged 0.2-15.6 micrograms/ml after 1.0 g intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion, and 0.7-27.2 micrograms/ml after 2.0 g intravenous injection, and those in amniotic fluid were 1.4-21.3 micrograms/ml after 1.0 g administration and 2.0-27.0 micrograms/ml after 2.0 g administration. According to the above results, it is possible to successfully prevent or treat @entity281 by twice a day administration of @entity8353 at 1.0-2.0 g/dose. Clinically, @entity8353 was effective in the treatment of @entity281 and the prophylaxis of intrauterine @entity281 without any side effect. Moreover, newborn @entity1 delivered from mothers receiving @entity8353 treatment did not have any abnormalities in laboratory test. The penetration of @entity8353 into mother's milk was low, thus the transfer of @entity8353 from milk to newborn @entity1 should be low. The above results demonstrated that @entity8353 is a clinically useful antibiotic for the prophylaxis and the treatment of @entity281 .

title: [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of XXXX in perinatal period].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic infection', 'perinatal infections']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity5505 :: (MESH:D002442,Chemical) :: ['ceftazidime']


abstract: Fundamental and clinical studies were carried out on @entity5505 ( @entity8353 ) in the perinatal period, and the results obtained were summarized below. Following bolus intravenous injection of @entity8353 2 g, maternal serum concentrations of @entity8353 were as high as 145.3 +/- 17.2 micrograms/ml (mean +/- S.D.) at about 10 minutes, and then gradually decreased to 46.7 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 5.31 micrograms/ml at 5 hours and 4 minutes, and 1.54 micrograms/ml at 11 hours and 10 minutes. The @entity8353 was detected in umbilical cord serum immediately after the administration, and concentrations were 31.0 +/- 1.54 micrograms/ml at about 10 minutes. Although the concentrations gradually decreased thereafter, they were higher than those in maternal serum at 3 hours and later and was 3.00 micrograms/ml at 11 hours and 10 minutes. The @entity8353 was detected in amniotic fluid a little later than in umbilical cord serum, and concentrations of @entity8353 in amniotic fluid were as low as 1.50 +/- 0.67 micrograms/ml at about 10 minutes after the administration. Concentrations then gradually increased to 12.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 26.5 micrograms/ml at 5 hours and 4 minutes, and even at 11 hours and 10 minutes, they were as high as 14.2 micrograms/ml. The above results demonstrated that the transfer of @entity8353 through placental barrier was very rapid and satisfactory. Also, @entity8353 showed good transfer into amniotic fluid, as well as sufficient retention, and was considered to be an effective antibiotic for prophylaxis of both fetal @entity281 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Fundamental and clinical studies on XXXX in the perinatal period].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections and amniotic fluid infections']

answer: @entity5505 :: (MESH:D002442,Chemical) :: ['ceftazidime']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 symptom severity and @entity410 ( @entity410 ) are significant predictors of mortality and disability. However, the relationship between the two is unclear. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis assessed the relationship between @entity308 symptom severity and @entity410 in healthy and depressed adults (aged 18  years and over). SEARCH METHODS: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and ProQuest databases were browsed for relevant English-language studies published from January 2000 to August 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies reporting a correlation between a @entity308 scale and maximum @entity26 consumption (VO2peak), as well as studies from the data of which such a correlation could be calculated, were included in this analysis. DATA ANALYSIS: Correlation coefficients (CCs) were converted to Fisher's z  values, and the analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Then, summary effects and 95  % confidence intervals (CIs) were converted back to CCs. RESULTS: Sixteen studies (totalling 4039 @entity1 ) were included in this analysis. A modest correlation between @entity308 symptom severity and @entity410 was found (CC -0.16, 95  %  CI -0.21 to -0.10), appearing stronger in male @entity1 (CC  -  0.22, 95  %  CI -0.26 to -0.18) than in female @entity1 (CC -0.12, 95  %  CI -0.19 to -0.05; p  =  0.01). There was no difference in the summary effect between healthy and depressed adults (p  =  0.43). Heterogeneity was moderate (I (2)  =  33  %; p  =  0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 symptom severity is inversely correlated with @entity410 , and this correlation is stronger in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Clinical and prognostic implications of the correlation are discussed. These findings should stimulate further research on the effects of treating one variable on the other.

title: @entity308 Symptom Severity and XXXX in Healthy and Depressed Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Cardiorespiratory Fitness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 symptom severity and @entity410 ( @entity410 ) are significant predictors of mortality and disability. However, the relationship between the two is unclear. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis assessed the relationship between @entity308 symptom severity and @entity410 in healthy and depressed adults (aged 18  years and over). SEARCH METHODS: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and ProQuest databases were browsed for relevant English-language studies published from January 2000 to August 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies reporting a correlation between a @entity308 scale and maximum @entity26 consumption (VO2peak), as well as studies from the data of which such a correlation could be calculated, were included in this analysis. DATA ANALYSIS: Correlation coefficients (CCs) were converted to Fisher's z  values, and the analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Then, summary effects and 95  % confidence intervals (CIs) were converted back to CCs. RESULTS: Sixteen studies (totalling 4039 @entity1 ) were included in this analysis. A modest correlation between @entity308 symptom severity and @entity410 was found (CC -0.16, 95  %  CI -0.21 to -0.10), appearing stronger in male @entity1 (CC  -  0.22, 95  %  CI -0.26 to -0.18) than in female @entity1 (CC -0.12, 95  %  CI -0.19 to -0.05; p  =  0.01). There was no difference in the summary effect between healthy and depressed adults (p  =  0.43). Heterogeneity was moderate (I (2)  =  33  %; p  =  0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 symptom severity is inversely correlated with @entity410 , and this correlation is stronger in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Clinical and prognostic implications of the correlation are discussed. These findings should stimulate further research on the effects of treating one variable on the other.

title: XXXX Symptom Severity and @entity410 in Healthy and Depressed Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the bi-directional relationship, whereby hypoglycaemia is a risk factor for @entity303 , and where @entity303 increases risk of hypoglycaemia in older @entity1 with @entity6 treated with @entity413 -lowering agents. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE over a 10-year span from 2005 to 2015 (with automated PubMed updates to August 2015) for observational studies of the association between hypoglycaemia and @entity73 or @entity303 in @entity1 aged >55   years. Assessment of study validity was based on ascertainment of hypoglycaemia, @entity303 and risk of confounding. We conducted random effects inverse variance meta-analyses, and assessed heterogeneity using the I(2) statistic. RESULTS: We screened 1177 citations, and selected 12 studies, of which nine were suitable for meta-analysis. There were a total of 1   439   818 @entity1 , with a mean age of 75   years. Meta-analysis of five studies showed a significantly increased risk of @entity303 in @entity1 who had hypoglycaemic episodes: pooled odds ratio 1.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45, 1.95]. We also found a significantly increased risk of hypoglycaemia in @entity1 with @entity303 : pooled odds ratio from five studies 1.61 (95% CI 1.25, 2.06). Limitations of the study were heterogeneity in the meta-analysis, and uncertain ascertainment of @entity303 and hypoglycaemic outcomes and temporal relationships. Publication bias may have favoured the reporting of more significant findings. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis shows a bi-directional relationship between @entity73 and hypoglycaemia in older @entity1 . @entity413 -lowering therapy should be carefully tailored and monitored in older @entity1 who are susceptible to @entity73 .

title: Bi-directional interaction between hypoglycaemia and XXXX in elderly @entity1 treated with @entity413 -lowering agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the bi-directional relationship, whereby hypoglycaemia is a risk factor for @entity303 , and where @entity303 increases risk of hypoglycaemia in older @entity1 with @entity6 treated with @entity413 -lowering agents. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE over a 10-year span from 2005 to 2015 (with automated PubMed updates to August 2015) for observational studies of the association between hypoglycaemia and @entity73 or @entity303 in @entity1 aged >55   years. Assessment of study validity was based on ascertainment of hypoglycaemia, @entity303 and risk of confounding. We conducted random effects inverse variance meta-analyses, and assessed heterogeneity using the I(2) statistic. RESULTS: We screened 1177 citations, and selected 12 studies, of which nine were suitable for meta-analysis. There were a total of 1   439   818 @entity1 , with a mean age of 75   years. Meta-analysis of five studies showed a significantly increased risk of @entity303 in @entity1 who had hypoglycaemic episodes: pooled odds ratio 1.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45, 1.95]. We also found a significantly increased risk of hypoglycaemia in @entity1 with @entity303 : pooled odds ratio from five studies 1.61 (95% CI 1.25, 2.06). Limitations of the study were heterogeneity in the meta-analysis, and uncertain ascertainment of @entity303 and hypoglycaemic outcomes and temporal relationships. Publication bias may have favoured the reporting of more significant findings. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis shows a bi-directional relationship between @entity73 and hypoglycaemia in older @entity1 . @entity413 -lowering therapy should be carefully tailored and monitored in older @entity1 who are susceptible to @entity73 .

title: Bi-directional interaction between hypoglycaemia and @entity73 in elderly @entity1 treated with XXXX -lowering agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the bi-directional relationship, whereby hypoglycaemia is a risk factor for @entity303 , and where @entity303 increases risk of hypoglycaemia in older @entity1 with @entity6 treated with @entity413 -lowering agents. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE over a 10-year span from 2005 to 2015 (with automated PubMed updates to August 2015) for observational studies of the association between hypoglycaemia and @entity73 or @entity303 in @entity1 aged >55   years. Assessment of study validity was based on ascertainment of hypoglycaemia, @entity303 and risk of confounding. We conducted random effects inverse variance meta-analyses, and assessed heterogeneity using the I(2) statistic. RESULTS: We screened 1177 citations, and selected 12 studies, of which nine were suitable for meta-analysis. There were a total of 1   439   818 @entity1 , with a mean age of 75   years. Meta-analysis of five studies showed a significantly increased risk of @entity303 in @entity1 who had hypoglycaemic episodes: pooled odds ratio 1.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45, 1.95]. We also found a significantly increased risk of hypoglycaemia in @entity1 with @entity303 : pooled odds ratio from five studies 1.61 (95% CI 1.25, 2.06). Limitations of the study were heterogeneity in the meta-analysis, and uncertain ascertainment of @entity303 and hypoglycaemic outcomes and temporal relationships. Publication bias may have favoured the reporting of more significant findings. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis shows a bi-directional relationship between @entity73 and hypoglycaemia in older @entity1 . @entity413 -lowering therapy should be carefully tailored and monitored in older @entity1 who are susceptible to @entity73 .

title: Bi-directional interaction between hypoglycaemia and @entity73 in elderly XXXX treated with @entity413 -lowering agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrospective analysis of irAEs in @entity320 @entity1 treated with nivolumab. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Data were pooled from 148 @entity1 (33 resected, 115 unresectable) treated with nivolumab plus peptide vaccine or nivolumab alone every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. @entity1 with stable disease or regression received an additional 12-week cycle, then nivolumab alone every 12 weeks for up to 2 additional years. Frequency, grade, and characteristics of immune-related adverse events (irAE) were analyzed. A 12-week landmark survival analysis using a multivariate time-dependent Cox proportional hazard model assessed difference in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in the presence or absence of irAEs. RESULTS: IrAEs of any grade were observed in 68.2% of @entity1 (101 of 148). Grade III/IV irAEs were infrequent: 3 (2%) had @entity1910 , 2 (1.35%) had asymptomatic grade III elevation in amylase/lipase, and 2 (1.35%) had @entity1960 . A statistically significant @entity1349 difference was noted among @entity1 with any grade of irAE versus those without (P  <= 0.001), and @entity1349 benefit was noted in @entity1 who reported three or more irAE events (P  <= 0.001). Subset analyses showed statistically significant @entity1349 differences with rash [P = 0.001; HR, 0.423; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.243-0.735] and @entity1694 (P = 0.012; HR, 0.184; 95% CI, 0.036-0.94). @entity1910 and @entity1694 also correlated with statistically significant @entity1349 differences in @entity1 with @entity3 (P = 0.004 and P = 0.028, respectively). No significant survival differences were seen with other irAEs ( @entity2744 , @entity1960 , or @entity55 ). CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous irAEs are associated with improved survival in @entity320 @entity1 treated with nivolumab, and clinical benefit should be validated in larger prospective analyses. Clin Cancer Res; 1-9.   2015 AACR.

title: Nivolumab in Resected and Unresectable XXXX : Characteristics of Immune-Related Adverse Events and Association with Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['grade III rash', 'Rash']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'grade III colitis']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Metastatic Melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and purpose - During the last decade, many hospitals have implemented fast-track protocols for @entity348 ( @entity348 ). These protocols reduce the length of hospital stay, but there is no literature on the first period after hospital discharge. We determined how @entity1 experienced the first 6 weeks after hospital discharge after fast-track @entity348 surgery. @entity1 and methods - 34 consecutive @entity1 who had @entity348 surgery with fast track received a diary for 6 weeks, which contained various international validated questionnaires. In addition, general questions regarding @entity158 , the wound, physiotherapy, and @entity715 prophylaxis injections were posed. Results - 4 of the 34 @entity1 were excluded during the study. Of the remaining 30 @entity1 , 28 were positive regarding the short length of hospital stay. @entity158 gradually decreased and quality of life and function gradually improved during the 6 weeks. Mean hours of weekly physiotherapy were 0.6 for the first week and 0.9 during the sixth week, with high variance of treatment modalities due to the lack of standardized treatment protocols. Additional clinical consultations were needed in 9 @entity1 during the 6-week period. Interpretation - 28 of 30 @entity1 were satisfied with the short length of hospital stay. The intensity of physiotherapy was surprisingly low. The quality of life 6 weeks after discharge was similar to that before the surgery.

title: The first 6 weeks of recovery after XXXX with fast track.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between birth position and obstetric @entity130 ( @entity12522 ) in spontaneous vaginal deliveries is unclear. METHODS: The study was based on the Stockholm-Gotland Obstetric Database (Sweden) from Jan 1(st) 2008 to Oct 22(nd) 2014 and included 113 279 singleton spontaneous vaginal births with no episiotomy. We studied risk of @entity12522 with respect to the following birth positions: a) sitting, b) lithotomy, c) lateral, d) standing on knees, e) birth seat, f) supine, g) squatting, h) standing and i) all fours. All analyses were stratified for parity. General linear models were used to calculate risk ratios (RR) adjusted for maternal, pregnancy and fetal characteristics. RESULTS: The rates of @entity12522 among nulliparous @entity1 , parous @entity1 and @entity1 undergoing vaginal birth after a caesarean (VBAC) were 5.7  %, 1.3  % and 10.6  %, respectively. The rates varied by birth position: from 3.7 to 7.1  % in nulliparous @entity1 , 0.6  % to 2.6  % in parous @entity1 and 5.6  % to 18.2  % in @entity1 undergoing VBAC. Regardless of parity, the lowest rates were found among @entity1 giving birth in standing position and the highest rates among @entity1 birthing in the lithotomy position. Compared with sitting position, the lithotomy position involved an increased risk of @entity12522 among nulliparous (adjusted RR 1.17, 95  % CI 1.06-1.29) and parous @entity1 (adjusted RR 1.66, 95  % CI 1.35-2.05). Birth seat and squatting position involved an increased risk of @entity12522 among parous @entity1 (adjusted RR [95  % CI] 1.36 [1.03-1.80] and 2.16 [1.15-4.07], respectively). Independent risk factors for @entity12522 were maternal age, head circumference >= 35  cm, birth weight >= 4000  g, length of gestation   >=    40  weeks, @entity1162 , non-occiput anterior presentation and @entity398 augmentation. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with sitting position, lateral position has a slightly protective effect in nulliparous @entity1 whilst an increased risk is noted among @entity1 in the lithotomy position, irrespective of parity. Squatting and birth seat position involve an increase in risk among parous @entity1 .

title: Birth position and obstetric XXXX : a population-based study of 113 000 spontaneous births.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged second stage of labour']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['anal sphincter injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['anal sphincter injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which painful @entity130 are linked to the multitude of @entity158 and neuroplastic changes in the brain remain poorly understood. Here we propose a model that relies on epi-neuronal communication through the vascular system to effect various brain structures. Specifically, we hypothesize that the differential vulnerability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in different brain regions is associated with region-specific neuroplastic and neurovascular changes that are in turn associated with particular @entity158 . PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS: We will present our hypothesis by focusing on two main points: (A) @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ) is associated with differential BBB compromise. (B) Circulating mediators leaking through the BBB create cytogenic and neovascular niches associated with @entity158 -related co-morbidities. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS: Pre-clinically, our hypothesis can be tested by observing, in parallel, BBB compromise, (neo)vascularization, neurogenesis, and their co-localization in @entity158 models using imaging, microscopy, biochemical and other tools. Furthermore, the BBB can be experimentally damaged in specific brain regions, and the consequences of those lesions studied on nociception and associated comorbidities. Recently developed imaging techniques allow the analysis of blood brain barrier integrity in @entity1 providing a route for translation of the laboratory findings. Though perhaps more limited, post-mortem examination of brains with available @entity158 histories constitutes a second approach to addressing this hypothesis. IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS: Understanding changes in BBB permeability in @entity1118 conditions has clear implications both for understanding the pathogenesis of @entity1118 and for the design of novel treatments to prevent @entity1118 and its consequences. More broadly, this hypothesis may help us to understand how peripheral @entity130 impact the brain via mechanisms other than commonly studied efferent sensory pathways.

title: Novel cytogenic and neurovascular niches due to blood-brain barrier compromise in the XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['animal pain', 'pain-related comorbidities', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity in the hemodialysis population is roughly twice that of the general population. An @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) remains the recommended vascular access; however, @entity28 results in fewer autogenous accesses, more complexity, and higher @entity2548 failure rates. We reviewed our vascular access experience in @entity28 individuals in whom the depth of an @entity2548 prevented reliable cannulation. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed our database of consecutive vascular access @entity1 , identifying individuals in whom the planned venous outflow cannulation segments were too deep and required additional surgical procedures to establish a functional hemodialysis access. These additional procedures included lipectomy, outflow elevation, cephalic transposition, liposuction, or an implantable cannulation guide. RESULTS: During the study period, 1,874 consecutive new @entity1 had an autogenous vascular access constructed. We identified 120 @entity1 in whom an additional procedure was required due to the depth of the cannulation sites; these comprised this study group. Ninety-nine (83%) were female, 85 (71%) were @entity6 , and 53 (45%) had previous access operations. Body mass index was 25.4 to 62.8 kg/m(2) (mean 40.8 kg/m(2)), age range was 27 to 81 years (mean 54 years), and follow-up was 1 to 101 months (mean 25 months). Primary and cumulative patency rates for all @entity1 were 63% and 93% at 1 year and 46% and 91% after 2 years, respectively. The most common additional procedure performed was a lipectomy (n  = 78), with 1-year primary and cumulative patency rates of 78% and 97% and 2-year rates of 69% and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of surgical options were found to be successful in establishing a functional autogenous vascular access for individuals in whom cannulation sites were simply too deep. Cumulative patency rates for all @entity1 were 93% at 1 year and 91% after 2 years.

title: When XXXX Are Too Deep: Options in Obese Individuals.

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['Arteriovenous Fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adequate lymph node evaluation (LNE) is recommended for surgically treated @entity788 because studies have shown an association between improved survival and adequate LNE. This study aimed to understand the mechanism of this association and determine whether LNE is a valuable quality metric. METHODS: Using the linked Surveillance Epidemiology End Results Medicare database, we identified @entity1 with surgically treated @entity788 from 2000 to 2010. Adequate LNE was defined as evaluation of >= 15 nodes. Survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards. RESULTS: We identified 2629 @entity1 who underwent resection for @entity788 . Overall, 33  % had adequate LNE. Adequate LNE was significantly associated with receipt of postoperative chemotherapy. A significant decrease in hazard of @entity204 was associated with adequate LNE (HR 0.86, p   <   0.05). Receipt of postoperative chemotherapy was also significantly associated with @entity204 (HR 0.77, p   <   0.05). On unadjusted analysis, the survival benefit associated with adequate LNE was lost when stratified by receipt of postoperative chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The survival benefit associated with LNE is in part derived from the fact that @entity1 who receive adequate LNE are also more likely to receive chemotherapy. Thus, the use of lymph node counts has limitations as a quality metric.

title: Lymph Node Evaluation for XXXX and Its Value as a Quality Metric.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['decreased hazard of death', 'death']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The H1 haplotype of the 17q21.31 inversion polymorphism has been consistently associated with @entity7463 , @entity528 , and @entity191 in Caucasians. Recently, large polymorphic segmental duplications resulting into complex rearrangements at this locus with a high diversity range in @entity1 populations have been revealed. We sought to explore whether the two multi-allelic copy number variants that are present in the H1 clade (with segmental duplications of 300 and 218   kilobases in length) could be responsible for the known H1-related risk of developing these @entity179 . A total of 857 Spanish subjects including 330 @entity1 with @entity191 , 96 with @entity7463 , 55 with @entity528 , 51 @entity303 with @entity1832 , and 325 neurologically healthy controls, were genotyped for the @entity56120 haplotype. Subsequently, the two copy number variants that are characteristic of the H1 haplotype were evaluated through a high-resolution approach based on droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, in all H1 homozygous subjects. The H1 allele was significantly overrepresented in all diagnostic groups compared with controls ( @entity191 , P   =   0.0001; @entity7463 , P   =   1.22   *   10(-6) ; @entity528 , P   =   0.0002; and @entity303 with @entity1832 , P   =   0.032). However, no dosage differences were found for any of the two copy number variants analyzed. The H1 haplotype is associated with the risk of several @entity179 , including @entity303 with @entity1832 . However, common structural diversity within the 17q21.31-H1 clade does not explain this genetic association.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Copy number variation analysis of the 17q21.31 region and its role in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['corticobasal degeneration']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']


abstract: The @entity68 -containing @entity224 dismutase from @entity526 is inactivated by @entity274 to a limit of approximately 90%. When corrected for the @entity274 -resistant portion, this inactivation was first order with respect to residual activity and exhibited a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.066 min-1 at 25 degrees C in 0.24 mM @entity274 at pH 7.8. The @entity224 dismutase activity remaining after treatment with @entity274 differed from the activity of the native enzyme with respect to heat stability, inhibition by @entity2769 , and inactivation by light in the presence of rose bengal and by @entity17643 . The native and the @entity274 -modified enzymes were indistinguishable by electrophoresis on @entity2975 gels. Inactivation of the enzyme by @entity274 was accompanied by loss of @entity2340 and some loss of @entity68 , but there was no detectable loss of @entity3793 or of other @entity1522 . @entity274 treatment caused changes in the optical spectrum of the enzyme. Inactivation of the enzyme by @entity274 depends upon the @entity68 at the active site. Thus, the apoenzyme and the @entity921 -substituted enzyme were unaffected by @entity274 . We conclude that reaction of @entity274 with the @entity68 at the active site generates a potent oxidant capable of attacking @entity2340 residues. A mechanism is proposed.

title: Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the @entity68 -containing XXXX dismutase of @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity17643 :: ('MESH:D001974', 'Chemical') :: ['N-bromosuccinimide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: The @entity68 -containing @entity224 dismutase from @entity526 is inactivated by @entity274 to a limit of approximately 90%. When corrected for the @entity274 -resistant portion, this inactivation was first order with respect to residual activity and exhibited a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.066 min-1 at 25 degrees C in 0.24 mM @entity274 at pH 7.8. The @entity224 dismutase activity remaining after treatment with @entity274 differed from the activity of the native enzyme with respect to heat stability, inhibition by @entity2769 , and inactivation by light in the presence of rose bengal and by @entity17643 . The native and the @entity274 -modified enzymes were indistinguishable by electrophoresis on @entity2975 gels. Inactivation of the enzyme by @entity274 was accompanied by loss of @entity2340 and some loss of @entity68 , but there was no detectable loss of @entity3793 or of other @entity1522 . @entity274 treatment caused changes in the optical spectrum of the enzyme. Inactivation of the enzyme by @entity274 depends upon the @entity68 at the active site. Thus, the apoenzyme and the @entity921 -substituted enzyme were unaffected by @entity274 . We conclude that reaction of @entity274 with the @entity68 at the active site generates a potent oxidant capable of attacking @entity2340 residues. A mechanism is proposed.

title: Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the @entity68 -containing @entity224 dismutase of XXXX .

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The @entity68 -containing @entity224 dismutase from @entity526 is inactivated by @entity274 to a limit of approximately 90%. When corrected for the @entity274 -resistant portion, this inactivation was first order with respect to residual activity and exhibited a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.066 min-1 at 25 degrees C in 0.24 mM @entity274 at pH 7.8. The @entity224 dismutase activity remaining after treatment with @entity274 differed from the activity of the native enzyme with respect to heat stability, inhibition by @entity2769 , and inactivation by light in the presence of rose bengal and by @entity17643 . The native and the @entity274 -modified enzymes were indistinguishable by electrophoresis on @entity2975 gels. Inactivation of the enzyme by @entity274 was accompanied by loss of @entity2340 and some loss of @entity68 , but there was no detectable loss of @entity3793 or of other @entity1522 . @entity274 treatment caused changes in the optical spectrum of the enzyme. Inactivation of the enzyme by @entity274 depends upon the @entity68 at the active site. Thus, the apoenzyme and the @entity921 -substituted enzyme were unaffected by @entity274 . We conclude that reaction of @entity274 with the @entity68 at the active site generates a potent oxidant capable of attacking @entity2340 residues. A mechanism is proposed.

title: Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the XXXX -containing @entity224 dismutase of @entity526 .

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: High levels of @entity1674 (TG) and free @entity1718 ( @entity6334 ) in maternal plasma, in @entity6 , promote fat passage to the fetus. In the @entity3839 - @entity6 @entity35 a significant correlation exists between maternal plasma and fetal tissue lipid contents, as shown by the accretion of labeled @entity1718 or @entity4722 used as markers of maternal fat transfer. The passage of lipids through the placenta is not direct--this organ serves as an interim storage barrier with its lipid content increasing in proportion to the maternal TG and @entity6334 level. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) TG are taken up with the aid of @entity13688 as evident from TG = @entity653 exchange when doubly labeled VLDL-TG are presented to the placenta. Esterification rate of albumin-bound @entity6334 is considerably higher indicating that the rate of TG lipolysis is rate limiting and that the @entity6334 are the main precursor of the placental lipids. The uptake of both @entity6334 and VLDL-TG is associated with the retention of a substantial amount of @entity6334 in the placenta. The size of the @entity6334 pool corresponds to the size of the extracellular fluid space. The @entity6334 cannot be eluted by repeated washing, suggesting that they are membrane bound. Placental slices with prelabeled TG gradually release @entity6334 into the medium upon reincubation with @entity6334 -free albumin, indicating that TG and @entity6334 traverse the placenta in part by a sequential process of esterification and lipolysis and in part by diffusion as @entity6334 . The latter are probably moving from the maternal to the fetal side within the interfacial capillary membrane lipids.

title: Placental function in maternal-fetal fat transport in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleate']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to describe and compare extensor mechanism injuries with regard to age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities. METHODS: We identified @entity1 who had undergone surgical management of an extensor mechanism injury at two institutions between 1986 and 2012. Data analyzed included age at the time of surgery, sex, height, weight, and the presence of medical comorbidities. @entity1 with chronic @entity121 , those undergoing revision surgery, or those with injuries in the setting of total knee arthroplasty were excluded. RESULTS: Seven hundred and twenty-six @entity1 were included. There were 427 (58.8%) patellar @entity174 , 210 (28.9%) @entity121 @entity397 , and eighty-nine (12.3%) patellar @entity397 . Sixty-seven percent of the patellar @entity174 occurred in females, while 91% of the @entity121 and 95.5% of the patellar @entity397 occurred in males (p < 0.001). Age distribution was significantly different among the groups: the mean @entity1 age (and standard deviation) was 61.0    13.1 years (range, twenty to ninety-two years) for @entity397 , 56.3    17.4 years (range, sixteen to ninety-one years) for @entity174 , and 39.5    12.2 years (range, eighteen to seventy-two years) for @entity397 . @entity174 showed a bimodal distribution with regard to both age and sex: the median age of females was sixty-two years (range, sixteen to ninety-one years), and the median age of males was forty-seven years (range, sixteen to ninety-one years) (p < 0.001). BMI varied significantly among the cohorts: a mean of 25.0    5.2 kg/m(2) for @entity174 , 28.7    4.97 kg/m(2) for @entity397 , and 30.0    6.05 kg/m(2) for @entity397 (p < 0.001). Ninety-six percent of the females with a @entity1796 had an underlying medical comorbidity compared with 68% of the males (p = 0.008). Of the @entity1 with underlying comorbidities, 61% of the females had comorbidities that were considered to be risk factors for @entity924 compared with 34% of the males (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Females with an extensor mechanism injury are more likely to sustain a @entity174 compared with males. Younger males are more likely to sustain a @entity174 or @entity397 ; however, we found that 43% of the patellar @entity397 were in @entity1 over the age of forty. Medical comorbidities were common with @entity397 , and we found that they were significantly more common in females than in males. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Surgeons treating female @entity1 with a tendinous extensor mechanism disruption should have a low threshold to initiate a medical work-up in search of a possible undiagnosed medical comorbidity.

title: Extensor Mechanism Injuries of the Knee: Demographic Characteristics and Comorbidities from a Review of 726 XXXX Records.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Patellar fractures', 'patellar fracture']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps tendon rupture', 'patellar tendon rupture', 'tendon ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps or patellar tendon injury']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps', 'disruption of the quadriceps or patellar tendon']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: The authors report eight cases of biliary duct @entity980 in @entity1 , examined by US and CT. There were five @entity1 and three @entity1 , aged 2 to 17 years. At presentation, US demonstrates the @entity5 mass within the liver or the hepatic hilum; it allows measurement of it and defines the relationship with portal vessels, biliary tract and other important structures. CT complements the US evaluation and determines operability. As US and CT cannot assess the histological origin of the @entity5 , a biopsy is mandatory before treatment. If complete surgical excision does not seem possible, percutaneous biopsy is preferable to incomplete excision and its possible complications. During the follow-up period, US can be repeated to measure @entity5 regression under chemotherapy. After surgery, CT seems preferable because of gas interposition. Both US and CT proved to be valuable for the early detection of local recurrence. The prognosis of these @entity5 remains bad. However, with more @entity146 and hopefully more efficient chemotherapy a precise evaluation of the @entity5 extension by US and CT is very important. Surgery will then be performed only on localized @entity5 or on residual masses after chemotherapy.

title: Ultrasonography and computed tomography for diagnosis and follow-up of biliary duct XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcomas']


abstract: The authors report eight cases of biliary duct @entity980 in @entity1 , examined by US and CT. There were five @entity1 and three @entity1 , aged 2 to 17 years. At presentation, US demonstrates the @entity5 mass within the liver or the hepatic hilum; it allows measurement of it and defines the relationship with portal vessels, biliary tract and other important structures. CT complements the US evaluation and determines operability. As US and CT cannot assess the histological origin of the @entity5 , a biopsy is mandatory before treatment. If complete surgical excision does not seem possible, percutaneous biopsy is preferable to incomplete excision and its possible complications. During the follow-up period, US can be repeated to measure @entity5 regression under chemotherapy. After surgery, CT seems preferable because of gas interposition. Both US and CT proved to be valuable for the early detection of local recurrence. The prognosis of these @entity5 remains bad. However, with more @entity146 and hopefully more efficient chemotherapy a precise evaluation of the @entity5 extension by US and CT is very important. Surgery will then be performed only on localized @entity5 or on residual masses after chemotherapy.

title: Ultrasonography and computed tomography for diagnosis and follow-up of biliary duct @entity980 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The immune responses to SRBC and @entity558 were examined in immunized and non-immunized inbred @entity2708 @entity35 at different times after an infection with Litomosoides carinii. During the infection, the T-cell dependent immune response to SRBC was significantly suppressed in non-immunized animals as compared to non infected controls. In contrast, after immunization with SRBC the antibody levels of infected animals were significantly higher in three of five events. At the onset of patency the response to SRBC was significantly depressed transiently in immunized animals. A corresponding @entity308 could be provoked by injections of isolated microfilariae as well as by FCS in immunized animals, @entity281 . The level of the antibodies was dependent on the density of microfilariae in the peripheral blood. The T-cell independent response to @entity558 was equal in non-immunized infected animals as in controls. After immunization with @entity558 during prepatency and at onset of patency a distinct but commensurate reaction was observed. Only after immunization at the peak of patency, the immune response of infected animals was significantly suppressed. In general, the antibody levels to @entity558 were not influenced by the microfilaremia.

title: T-cell dependent and T-cell independent immune response in normal and in with Litomosoides carinii infected XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected and non-infected']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['cotton']


abstract: The immune responses to SRBC and @entity558 were examined in immunized and non-immunized inbred @entity2708 @entity35 at different times after an infection with Litomosoides carinii. During the infection, the T-cell dependent immune response to SRBC was significantly suppressed in non-immunized animals as compared to non infected controls. In contrast, after immunization with SRBC the antibody levels of infected animals were significantly higher in three of five events. At the onset of patency the response to SRBC was significantly depressed transiently in immunized animals. A corresponding @entity308 could be provoked by injections of isolated microfilariae as well as by FCS in immunized animals, @entity281 . The level of the antibodies was dependent on the density of microfilariae in the peripheral blood. The T-cell independent response to @entity558 was equal in non-immunized infected animals as in controls. After immunization with @entity558 during prepatency and at onset of patency a distinct but commensurate reaction was observed. Only after immunization at the peak of patency, the immune response of infected animals was significantly suppressed. In general, the antibody levels to @entity558 were not influenced by the microfilaremia.

title: T-cell dependent and T-cell independent immune response in normal and in with Litomosoides carinii infected @entity2708 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate @entity460 -binding myeloid-related protein (MRP)-8/14 in the saliva and serum of individuals with @entity2521 and periodontally healthy individuals for the assessment of its role in the pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis of @entity2521 . METHODS: This cross-sectional study includes 56 @entity1 with @entity2521 and 44 periodontally healthy individuals. Saliva and serum were collected for the detection of @entity29415 /14 and @entity460 levels. Periodontopathic bacteria were determined by polymerase chain reaction in saliva. Correlations between salivary and serum @entity29415 /14 levels and clinical parameters, bacteria, and @entity460 were analyzed with Pearson correlation in a multiple regression model. @entity29415 /14 levels were documented with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Compared with healthy individuals, @entity29415 /14 levels were significantly higher in both the saliva and serum of @entity1 with @entity2521 , but @entity460 was increased only in saliva. A high diagnostic potential of salivary @entity29415 /14 was detected for @entity2521 (ROC = 0.86). Salivary @entity29415 /14 levels correlated significantly with the presence of the periodontopathogen @entity14148 , as well as with the clinical parameters of @entity2521 . CONCLUSION: @entity29415 /14 in saliva might be a potential diagnostic parameter for periodontal disease.

title: Comparative Analysis of @entity460 -Binding Myeloid-Related Protein-8/14 in Saliva and Serum of @entity1 With XXXX and Healthy Individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14148 :: ('158', 'Species') :: ['Treponema denticola']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['Periodontitis']