abstract: BACKGROUND: Imaging is used as a surrogate for clinical outcome in early-phase @entity64 trials. Assessment of @entity1188 growth earlier than the standard 90 days used for clinical end points may be equally accurate and more practical. OBJECTIVE: To compare assessment of the effect of reperfusion therapies using 24-hour vs day 90 magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN: @entity1188 volume was assessed on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at baseline and 24 hours after @entity64 onset and on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images at day 90. The DWI and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesions were manually outlined by 2 independent raters, and the volumes were averaged. Interrater consistency was assessed using the median difference in lesion volume between raters. SETTING: Referral center. @entity1   Imaging data were available for 83 @entity1 ; 77 of these @entity1 received thrombolysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1188 volume at 24 hours and 90 days. RESULTS: The 24-hour DWI @entity1188 volume had a strong linear correlation with day 90 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery @entity1188 volume (r  =  0.98, 95% confidence interval, 0.97-0.99). Recanalization had a significant effect on @entity1188 evolution between baseline and 24 hours but not between 24 hours and day 90. @entity1188 growth from baseline was significantly reduced by recanalization, whether assessed at 24 hours or day 90. @entity1188 volume at either time point predicted functional outcome independent of age and baseline @entity64 severity. Interrater agreement was better for DWI than fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (1.4 mL [8%] vs 1.8 mL [17%]; P  =  .002). CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of final @entity1188 volume using DWI at 24 hours captures the effect of reperfusion therapies on @entity1188 growth and predicts functional outcome similarly to imaging at day 90. This has the potential to reduce loss to follow-up in trials and may add early prognostic information in clinical practice.

title: Assessing response to XXXX thrombolysis: validation of 24-hour multimodal magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The adrenal gland in the adult is a peripheral circadian clock involved in the coordination of energy intake and expenditure, required for adaptation to the external environment. During fetal life, a peripheral circadian clock is present in the nonhuman primate adrenal gland. Whether this extends to the fetal adrenal gland like the @entity35 is unknown. Here we explored in vivo and in vitro whether the @entity35 fetal adrenal is a peripheral circadian clock entrained by @entity2493 . We measured the 24-h changes in adrenal content of @entity2819 and in the expression of clock genes @entity7703 and @entity18922 and of @entity24097 ( @entity24097 ), @entity8280 @entity2493 receptor, and @entity11970 ( @entity11970 ) expression. In culture, we explored whether oscillatory expression of these genes persisted during 48 h and the effect of a 4-h @entity2493 pulse on their expression. In vivo, the @entity35 fetal adrenal gland showed circadian expression of @entity18922 and @entity7703 in antiphase (acrophases at 2200 and 1300 h, respectively) as well as of @entity8280 and @entity11970 . This was accompanied by circadian rhythms of @entity2819 content and of @entity24097 expression both peaking at 0600 h. The 24-h oscillatory expression of @entity18922 , @entity7703 , @entity24097 , @entity8280 , and @entity11970 persisted during 48 h in culture; however, the antiphase between @entity7703 and @entity18922 was lost. The pulse of @entity2493 shifted the acrophases of all the genes studied and restored the antiphase between @entity7703 and @entity18922 . Thus, in the @entity35 , the fetal adrenal is a strong peripheral clock potentially amenable to regulation by maternal @entity2493 .

title: A circadian clock entrained by XXXX is ticking in the @entity35 fetal adrenal.

entities_list: @entity11970 :: ('24330(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Egr-1', 'early growth response protein 1']

entities_list: @entity24097 :: ('25557(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['StAR', 'steroidogenic acute regulatory protein']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: The adrenal gland in the adult is a peripheral circadian clock involved in the coordination of energy intake and expenditure, required for adaptation to the external environment. During fetal life, a peripheral circadian clock is present in the nonhuman primate adrenal gland. Whether this extends to the fetal adrenal gland like the @entity35 is unknown. Here we explored in vivo and in vitro whether the @entity35 fetal adrenal is a peripheral circadian clock entrained by @entity2493 . We measured the 24-h changes in adrenal content of @entity2819 and in the expression of clock genes @entity7703 and @entity18922 and of @entity24097 ( @entity24097 ), @entity8280 @entity2493 receptor, and @entity11970 ( @entity11970 ) expression. In culture, we explored whether oscillatory expression of these genes persisted during 48 h and the effect of a 4-h @entity2493 pulse on their expression. In vivo, the @entity35 fetal adrenal gland showed circadian expression of @entity18922 and @entity7703 in antiphase (acrophases at 2200 and 1300 h, respectively) as well as of @entity8280 and @entity11970 . This was accompanied by circadian rhythms of @entity2819 content and of @entity24097 expression both peaking at 0600 h. The 24-h oscillatory expression of @entity18922 , @entity7703 , @entity24097 , @entity8280 , and @entity11970 persisted during 48 h in culture; however, the antiphase between @entity7703 and @entity18922 was lost. The pulse of @entity2493 shifted the acrophases of all the genes studied and restored the antiphase between @entity7703 and @entity18922 . Thus, in the @entity35 , the fetal adrenal is a strong peripheral clock potentially amenable to regulation by maternal @entity2493 .

title: A circadian clock entrained by @entity2493 is ticking in the XXXX fetal adrenal.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To critically appraise the validity of activity indices used in the followup of @entity1 with undifferentiated @entity625 (UPIA). METHODS: A systematic review was performed in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and abstracts presented at the 2007 and 2008 meetings of the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against @entity627 . Selection criteria were: @entity1 with UPIA, the assessment of instruments to evaluate disease activity, and assessment of validity of the instruments. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts independently and collected data using ad hoc standard forms. RESULTS: The search yielded 179 articles and 834 abstracts, of which 4 articles and 1 abstract were included. We found no study that validated Disease Activity Score (DAS), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), or Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI). Included studies addressed validation of 4 questionnaires: WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), London Handicap Scale (LHS), Disease Repercussion Profile (DRP), and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ); and 3 indexes: RA Disease Activity Index (RADAI), McGill Range of Motion Index (McROMI), and NOAR Damaged Joint Count (NOAR-DJC). Questionnaires were self-administered and feasible; RADAI was the most feasible index. Internal consistency was studied in the questionnaires (Cronbach's a > 0.83). @entity6372 was tested in the DRP, LHS, and HAQ, but the approach to study sensitivity to change was poorly explained, with no clear intervention. @entity1055 , examined by means of convergence with other instruments, was generally moderate, and slightly higher for the RADAI. CONCLUSION: No instrument of disease activity has been fully validated for use in UPIA. We found no direct evidence of what is the most useful index to follow up @entity1 with UPIA.

title: Clinical composite measures of disease activity for diagnosis and followup of undifferentiated XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['Responsiveness']

entities_list: @entity1055 :: ('MESH:D000381', 'Disease') :: ['Construct validity']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['peripheral inflammatory arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if @entity735 have an increased and sustained level of inflammatory immune mediators in the vitreous compared to phakic eyes. METHODS: Vitreous fluid samples were obtained from 73 @entity1 undergoing elective pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) as a result of a macular hole, epiretinal membrane, vitreous macular traction, or vitreous floaters. Forty eyes were pseudophakic and had previously undergone uncomplicated @entity231 surgery, ranging from a few months to several years prior to @entity2286 . The vitreous samples were analyzed for 29 different inflammatory immune mediators using multiplex bead immunoassays. RESULTS: A total of 14 cytokines (eotaxin, @entity371 [ @entity371 ], @entity2842 [ @entity2842 ], @entity14421 [MDC], @entity10557 , @entity12868 , thymus activation regulated chemokine [ @entity14420 ], IL-12p40, @entity8252 , @entity17090 , @entity6977 , @entity7 , @entity650 , and @entity687 ) were detected in the vitreous of both study groups. Using multiple linear regression analysis, @entity6781 was significantly correlated with higher levels of vitreous immune mediators compared to phakia. Elevated vitreous levels were estimated to decrease over time for @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity8252 , @entity17090 , and @entity7 , though they remained elevated for many months and even years compared to the levels detected in phakic eyes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate that @entity231 surgery and @entity6781 can induce increased vitreous levels of a substantial range of inflammatory immune mediators. The elevated levels seem to be maintained for a long period of time. These increased levels of cytokines may be involved in inflammatory processes leading to several complications to @entity231 surgery, both early and late.

title: Increased levels of inflammatory immune mediators in vitreous from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6781 :: ('MESH:D019591', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakia']

entities_list: @entity14421 :: ('6367', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage derived chemokine']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakic eyes']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity371 :: ('3627', 'Gene') :: ['IP-10', 'interferon-y-induced protein-10']

entities_list: @entity10557 :: ('6348', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1a']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['pseudophakic eyes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was determine the frequency of bloodstream infections (BSIs) and the causative bacteria and their resistance patterns in @entity1 with @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) in a large tertiary care university hospital in @entity233 over a 5-year period. METHODS: A total of 2098 @entity1 with @entity1583 with 3703 @entity1398 episodes were included. @entity1 were classified as high-risk (n = 843) and low-risk (n = 1255) groups and evaluated for frequency of BSIs, causative bacteria, and their resistance patterns. RESULTS: The frequency of BSIs was 14.5%. The frequency of gram-negative BSIs in high-risk and low-risk groups was 10.7% and 5.4% (p < 0.001), respectively. The frequency of gram-positive BSIs in high-risk and low-risk groups was 7.0% and 3.9% (p < 0.001), respectively. Gram-negative bacteria predominated (52.6%), with @entity526 (17.3%) and @entity4005 @entity5645 . (11.0%) as the most frequent organisms. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (10.4%) and Corynebacterium @entity5645 . (6.3%) were the most common gram-positive bacteria (35.8%). The rate of @entity25323 (ESBL) production was 45% for @entity526 and 58% for @entity4005 @entity5645 . @entity1536 resistance was 58% for @entity526 and 11% for @entity4005 @entity5645 .. The overall frequency of @entity5505 resistance in @entity796 was 28%, and 87% of Acinetobacter @entity5645 . were multidrug-resistant. Of @entity794 isolates, 24.8% were resistant to @entity3256 . CONCLUSION: The dominating causes of BSIs in @entity1 with @entity1583 in our hospital are resistant gram-negative bacteria, which has made empirical antimicrobial choice a highly challenging issue in this @entity1 population.

title: Epidemiology and emerging resistance in bacterial bloodstream infections in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity25323 :: ('13906541', 'Gene') :: ['extended-spectrum beta-lactamase']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['HMs', 'hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolone']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematologic malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was determine the frequency of bloodstream infections (BSIs) and the causative bacteria and their resistance patterns in @entity1 with @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) in a large tertiary care university hospital in @entity233 over a 5-year period. METHODS: A total of 2098 @entity1 with @entity1583 with 3703 @entity1398 episodes were included. @entity1 were classified as high-risk (n = 843) and low-risk (n = 1255) groups and evaluated for frequency of BSIs, causative bacteria, and their resistance patterns. RESULTS: The frequency of BSIs was 14.5%. The frequency of gram-negative BSIs in high-risk and low-risk groups was 10.7% and 5.4% (p < 0.001), respectively. The frequency of gram-positive BSIs in high-risk and low-risk groups was 7.0% and 3.9% (p < 0.001), respectively. Gram-negative bacteria predominated (52.6%), with @entity526 (17.3%) and @entity4005 @entity5645 . (11.0%) as the most frequent organisms. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (10.4%) and Corynebacterium @entity5645 . (6.3%) were the most common gram-positive bacteria (35.8%). The rate of @entity25323 (ESBL) production was 45% for @entity526 and 58% for @entity4005 @entity5645 . @entity1536 resistance was 58% for @entity526 and 11% for @entity4005 @entity5645 .. The overall frequency of @entity5505 resistance in @entity796 was 28%, and 87% of Acinetobacter @entity5645 . were multidrug-resistant. Of @entity794 isolates, 24.8% were resistant to @entity3256 . CONCLUSION: The dominating causes of BSIs in @entity1 with @entity1583 in our hospital are resistant gram-negative bacteria, which has made empirical antimicrobial choice a highly challenging issue in this @entity1 population.

title: Epidemiology and emerging resistance in bacterial bloodstream infections in XXXX with @entity1583 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of antifreeze protein (AFP) supplementation during @entity19 oocyte vitrification on the survival, fertilization and embryonic development. DESIGN: Animal study. SETTING: University laboratory. ANIMAL(S): BDF-1 @entity19 . INTERVENTION(S): In  vivo-matured metaphase II oocytes were vitrified with the use of CryoTop by two-step exposure to equilibrium and vitrification solution supplemented or not with 500 ng/mL AFP III. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Postwarming survival, fertilization, embryonic development up to blastocyst in  vitro, morphology of spindle and chromosome, membrane integrity, @entity855 ( @entity855 ) contents, and several gene expressions. RESULT(S): In the AFP-treated group, blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher and blastomere count with positive caspase was significantly lower compared with the nontreated group. Rate of intact spindle/chromosome, stable membrane, and @entity855 contents were significantly higher in AFP group. AFP group showed higher @entity43485 and lower @entity43488 gene expression. Both vitrification groups showed increased @entity27211 , @entity43487 , and @entity21030 / @entity21031 expression and decreased @entity43486 and @entity21032 expression compared with fresh control samples. CONCLUSION(S): Supplementation of AFP in vitrification medium has a protective effect on @entity19 oocytes for chilling injury; it can preserve spindle/membrane integrity and intracellular @entity855 contents. More stable spindle integrity in the AFP group may be associated with higher @entity43485 and lower @entity43488 gene expression.

title: Effect of antifreeze protein supplementation in vitrification medium on XXXX oocyte developmental competence.

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Meiotic errors during oocyte maturation are considered the major contributors to embryonic @entity177 in @entity1 IVF treatment. Various technologies have been developed to screen polar bodies, blastomeres and trophectoderm cells for chromosomal aberrations. Array-CGH analysis using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) arrays is widely applied for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) using single cells. Recently, an increase in the pregnancy rate has been demonstrated using array-CGH to evaluate trophectoderm cells. However, in some countries, the analysis of embryonic cells is restricted by law. Therefore, we used BAC array-CGH to assess the impact of polar body analysis on the live birth rate. A disadvantage of polar body aneuploidy screening is the necessity of the analysis of both the first and second polar bodies, resulting in increases in costs for the @entity1 and complex data interpretation. Aneuploidy screening results may sometimes be ambiguous if the first and second polar bodies show reciprocal chromosomal aberrations. To overcome this disadvantage, we tested a strategy involving the pooling of DNA from both polar bodies before DNA amplification. We retrospectively studied 351 @entity1 , of whom 111 underwent polar body array-CGH before embryo transfer. In the group receiving pooled polar body array-CGH (aCGH) analysis, 110 embryos were transferred, and 29 babies were born, corresponding to live birth rates of 26.4% per embryo and 35.7% per @entity1 . In contrast, in the control group, the IVF treatment was performed without @entity74 ( @entity74 ). For this group, 403 embryos were transferred, and 60 babies were born, resulting in live birth rates of 14.9% per embryo and 22.7% per @entity1 . In conclusion, our data show that in the aCGH group, the use of aneuploidy screening resulted in a significantly higher live birth rate compared with the control group, supporting the benefit of @entity74 for IVF couples in addition to the suitability and effectiveness of our polar body pooling strategy.

title: Increasing live birth rate by XXXX of pooled polar bodies using array comparative genomic hybridization.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy and failures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['preimplantation genetic screening', 'PGS']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['preimplantation genetic screening']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report early clinical outcomes of high-dose-rate interstitial image-guided brachytherapy (BT) in the definitive management of locally advanced cervical @entity5 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 31 locally advanced cervical @entity5 @entity1 treated at our institution between January 2010 and April 2013. About 88% had advanced disease based on the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics guidelines, and 87% received concurrent chemotherapy. All @entity1 were treated with external beam radiation therapy to a median dose of 45  Gy (range, 39.6-58  Gy) before receiving BT. High-dose-rate BT was delivered in a single implant to a median dose of 6  Gy * five fractions to a CT-defined volume. Median total equivalent 2-Gy dose, dose covered by 90% of the high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV D90), and HR-CTV were 84, 87.4, and 49.9 cc, respectively. Kaplan-Meier method was used for actuarial survival analysis, and @entity137 was graded using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. RESULTS: Median followup was 19.3  months. Two-year actuarial local control, regional control, and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were 90%, 93%, and 23.6%, respectively. Two-year disease-free survival was 55%. Genitourinary, gastrointestinal, or gynecologic Grade 3 @entity137 was seen in 5 @entity1 (3 T4a and 2 T3b) for crude rates of 13%, 7%, and 3%, respectively. Stratifying HR-CTV by <30 and >30 cc and then by HR-CTV D90 of <85, 85-90, and >90  Gy showed that 100% of the local failures, regional failures, @entity3 , and G3 @entity137 occurred in >30 cc group. The rate of @entity3 was also significantly higher in the >30 cc group (p  =  0.036). CONCLUSIONS: An interstitial approach can achieve excellent outcomes in cases where intracavitary and/or hybrid approaches are either not suitable or not available.

title: Early clinical outcomes of ultrasound-guided CT-planned high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for primary locally advanced cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'distant metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The monogamous prairie @entity245 to early pharmacological manipulation in a number of species-typical social behaviors. The long-term consequences of altering the neonatal @entity935 system are not well characterized. This study examined whether early manipulation of the @entity935 system, a known mediator of adult prairie vole social behavior, during neonatal development would affect adult aggressive and @entity146 . Eight-day-old pups were given a single treatment with either 1 mg/kg of @entity2344 (D1 agonist), @entity11640 (D2 agonist), @entity10095 (D1 antagonist), @entity12174 (D2 antagonist), or saline vehicle. As adults, animals received tests for @entity146 and partner preference. Activation of D1-like receptors in @entity73 partner preference formation, but had no effect on aggression. Other neonatal treatments had no effect on their behavior as adults. To determine whether D1 activation in pups induced changes in @entity935 receptor expression, we performed autoradiography on striatal tissue from a second cohort of saline-treated and @entity2344 -treated animals. Although sex differences were observed, we found no treatment differences in D1 or D2 receptor binding in any striatal subregion. This study shows that exposure to a single early pharmacological alteration of @entity935 receptor activity may have long-term effects on the social behavior of prairie voles.

title: Neonatal exposure to the D1 agonist XXXX inhibits pair bonding in the adult prairie vole.

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity12174 :: ('MESH:C045989', 'Chemical') :: ['eticlopride']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['attachment behaviors', 'intrasexual aggression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['pups impaired']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['vole displays developmental sensitivity']

answer: @entity2344 :: (MESH:D015647,Chemical) :: ['SKF38393']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neonates with @entity344 ( @entity344 ) are at high risk for @entity409 ( @entity409 ). @entity1460 -based intravenous lipid emulsions (S-ILE) have been associated with @entity409 . This study's objective was to determine if a lower dose compared with a higher dose of S-ILE prevents @entity1448 without compromising growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter randomized controlled pilot study enrolled @entity1 with @entity344 who were  <=5 days of age to a low dose (~1 g/kg/d) (LOW) or control dose of S-ILE (~3 g/kg/d) (CON). The primary outcome was @entity1448 (direct @entity648 [DB] >2 mg/dL) after the first 7 days of age. Secondary outcomes included growth, @entity6841 duration, and late-onset @entity295 . RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between the LOW (n = 20) and CON groups (n = 16). When the LOW group was compared with the CON group, there was no difference in @entity1448 (30% vs 38%, P = .7) or secondary outcomes. However, mean    SE DB rate of change over the first 8 weeks (0.07    0.04 vs 0.3    0.09 mg/dL/wk, P = .01) and entire study (0.008    0.03 vs 0.2    0.07 mg/dL/wk, P = .02) was lower in the LOW group compared with the CON group. CONCLUSION: In neonates with @entity344 who received a lower dose of S-ILE, DB increased at a slower rate in comparison to neonates who received a higher dose of S-ILE. Growth was comparable between the groups. This study demonstrates a need for a larger, randomized controlled trial comparing 2 different S-ILE doses for @entity1448 prevention in neonates at risk for @entity409 .

title: Low-Dose Parenteral XXXX Oil for the Prevention of Parenteral Nutrition-Associated @entity409 in Neonates With @entity344 : A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['PNALD', 'parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders', 'GDs']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['Soybean']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neonates with @entity344 ( @entity344 ) are at high risk for @entity409 ( @entity409 ). @entity1460 -based intravenous lipid emulsions (S-ILE) have been associated with @entity409 . This study's objective was to determine if a lower dose compared with a higher dose of S-ILE prevents @entity1448 without compromising growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter randomized controlled pilot study enrolled @entity1 with @entity344 who were  <=5 days of age to a low dose (~1 g/kg/d) (LOW) or control dose of S-ILE (~3 g/kg/d) (CON). The primary outcome was @entity1448 (direct @entity648 [DB] >2 mg/dL) after the first 7 days of age. Secondary outcomes included growth, @entity6841 duration, and late-onset @entity295 . RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between the LOW (n = 20) and CON groups (n = 16). When the LOW group was compared with the CON group, there was no difference in @entity1448 (30% vs 38%, P = .7) or secondary outcomes. However, mean    SE DB rate of change over the first 8 weeks (0.07    0.04 vs 0.3    0.09 mg/dL/wk, P = .01) and entire study (0.008    0.03 vs 0.2    0.07 mg/dL/wk, P = .02) was lower in the LOW group compared with the CON group. CONCLUSION: In neonates with @entity344 who received a lower dose of S-ILE, DB increased at a slower rate in comparison to neonates who received a higher dose of S-ILE. Growth was comparable between the groups. This study demonstrates a need for a larger, randomized controlled trial comparing 2 different S-ILE doses for @entity1448 prevention in neonates at risk for @entity409 .

title: Low-Dose Parenteral @entity1460 Oil for the Prevention of Parenteral Nutrition-Associated XXXX in Neonates With @entity344 : A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neonates with @entity344 ( @entity344 ) are at high risk for @entity409 ( @entity409 ). @entity1460 -based intravenous lipid emulsions (S-ILE) have been associated with @entity409 . This study's objective was to determine if a lower dose compared with a higher dose of S-ILE prevents @entity1448 without compromising growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter randomized controlled pilot study enrolled @entity1 with @entity344 who were  <=5 days of age to a low dose (~1 g/kg/d) (LOW) or control dose of S-ILE (~3 g/kg/d) (CON). The primary outcome was @entity1448 (direct @entity648 [DB] >2 mg/dL) after the first 7 days of age. Secondary outcomes included growth, @entity6841 duration, and late-onset @entity295 . RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between the LOW (n = 20) and CON groups (n = 16). When the LOW group was compared with the CON group, there was no difference in @entity1448 (30% vs 38%, P = .7) or secondary outcomes. However, mean    SE DB rate of change over the first 8 weeks (0.07    0.04 vs 0.3    0.09 mg/dL/wk, P = .01) and entire study (0.008    0.03 vs 0.2    0.07 mg/dL/wk, P = .02) was lower in the LOW group compared with the CON group. CONCLUSION: In neonates with @entity344 who received a lower dose of S-ILE, DB increased at a slower rate in comparison to neonates who received a higher dose of S-ILE. Growth was comparable between the groups. This study demonstrates a need for a larger, randomized controlled trial comparing 2 different S-ILE doses for @entity1448 prevention in neonates at risk for @entity409 .

title: Low-Dose Parenteral @entity1460 Oil for the Prevention of Parenteral Nutrition-Associated @entity409 in Neonates With XXXX : A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal Disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15608 ( @entity15608 ) may progress into fully developed @entity957 with a relatively high risk of metastasizing and therefore requires early identification and treatment. OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical and histological long-term outcome as well as the safety and tolerability of sequential use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and imiquimod in @entity15608 . METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed grade 1 and 2 @entity15608 received two @entity19297 - @entity4906 sessions 2weeks apart. After a 2-week rest period the @entity1 started applying imiquimod 5% cream 3days per week for 4weeks. At the first follow-up visits at 3 and 6months, noncomplete clinical responders were biopsied and excluded from the study if histological alterations were indicative for @entity15608 . At the last 12-month follow-up all remaining @entity1 were biopsied. Adverse events were noted at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 of the treatment phase and at every visit of the follow-up period. RESULTS: Of the 34 enrolled @entity1 , 30 completed the study. Complete clinical response was achieved by 27 @entity1 in 3months. At 6months, clinical and histological recurrence occurred in two @entity1 , while at 12months the complete clinical cure rate obtained was 80% and the histological complete cure rate was 73%. Treatment was well tolerated and adverse events were as expected and transient. CONCLUSION: Sequential use of PDT and imiquimod cream is of significant benefit for the treatment of @entity15608 . Further studies are needed in order to confirm the improved outcome using the combination treatment, to clarify the involved mechanisms and to optimize the therapeutic protocol.

title: Sequential use of photodynamic therapy and imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of XXXX : a 12-month follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19297 :: ('MESH:C475457', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl aminolaevulinate']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity15608 :: ('MESH:C535669', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'Actinic cheilitis']

answer: @entity15608 :: (MESH:C535669,Disease) :: ['actinic cheilitis']


abstract: AIM: To determine the safety and usefulness of conization with an electrosurgical loop (the loop electrosurgical excision procedure [LEEP]) in young @entity1 with @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) of the uterine cervix. METHODS: A retrospective medical chart review of five @entity1 with @entity2735 initially treated with LEEP conization between 2002 and 2010 and who later experienced recurrence in the form of invasive or advanced disease was conducted. RESULTS: The median @entity1 age at initial LEEP conization was 41years (33-56years). The margin status in conization specimens was positive in three of the five @entity1 . The median time to detection of @entity5 progression was 50months (17-58months). Magnetic resonance imaging was effective in detecting @entity5 recurrence in all cases. In four @entity1 , hysterectomy was performed to treat the recurrence; these four @entity1 are currently alive and disease-free. One @entity1 with cervical lymph nodes and bone @entity3 was treated with chemotherapy alone; however, the @entity1 died. In surgical specimens, @entity5 progression was observed extending toward the endometrium in all five @entity1 and toward the vagina in two @entity1 . CONCLUSION:     This study indicates that @entity1 with @entity2735 occasionally show unexpected @entity5 progression after conization and the progression could be life-threatening. @entity66 often shows @entity5 progression toward the endometrium or vagina, leading to difficulties in its detection at periodic pelvic examinations.

title: Unexpected @entity5 progression after conization for XXXX of the uterine cervix.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2735 :: (MESH:D002278,Disease) :: ['carcinoma in situ']


abstract: AIM: To determine the safety and usefulness of conization with an electrosurgical loop (the loop electrosurgical excision procedure [LEEP]) in young @entity1 with @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) of the uterine cervix. METHODS: A retrospective medical chart review of five @entity1 with @entity2735 initially treated with LEEP conization between 2002 and 2010 and who later experienced recurrence in the form of invasive or advanced disease was conducted. RESULTS: The median @entity1 age at initial LEEP conization was 41years (33-56years). The margin status in conization specimens was positive in three of the five @entity1 . The median time to detection of @entity5 progression was 50months (17-58months). Magnetic resonance imaging was effective in detecting @entity5 recurrence in all cases. In four @entity1 , hysterectomy was performed to treat the recurrence; these four @entity1 are currently alive and disease-free. One @entity1 with cervical lymph nodes and bone @entity3 was treated with chemotherapy alone; however, the @entity1 died. In surgical specimens, @entity5 progression was observed extending toward the endometrium in all five @entity1 and toward the vagina in two @entity1 . CONCLUSION:     This study indicates that @entity1 with @entity2735 occasionally show unexpected @entity5 progression after conization and the progression could be life-threatening. @entity66 often shows @entity5 progression toward the endometrium or vagina, leading to difficulties in its detection at periodic pelvic examinations.

title: Unexpected XXXX progression after conization for @entity2735 of the uterine cervix.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Because of better treatment of chronic @entity453 , @entity1 with multiple @entity63 insults are living longer and requiring long-term management. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) in @entity1 with multiple @entity583 (MMIs) are a challenge to the clinician or cardiologist. This is because second @entity583 ( @entity583 ) often modify or obscure the ECG effects of the first MI and vice versa. This can result in complex tracings, which are difficult to interpret and predict the locations of damaged regions. It is important to identify MMI because, additively, they can result in poor ventricular function. METHODS: New criteria for the diagnosis of MMI were derived from studies in which ECGs and body surface potential distribution maps were correlated with @entity26128 in animal studies of MI and in @entity1 at the time of coronary artery bypass graft and with the pathologic anatomy in a few @entity1 . The initial criteria were fine tuned by correlations between ECGs and independent data obtained from catheterization and other imaging modalities (ultrasound and radionuclide single photon emission computed tomography). RESULTS: Often 2 or more @entity583 are concealed according to classical Q- and R-wave criteria. @entity583 located in opposing walls (180  ), that is, inferior-superior, anterior-posterior, are the most difficult to identify. Two @entity583 that are not opposing (90  ) are usually readily detectable. The pathologic Q waves produced by each separate MI, when opposing, are replaced by multiple QRS deflections or baseline crossings, which are referred to as M and W complexes. These waveforms replace Q waves and are equally weighted in a scoring system to improve diagnostic accuracy of ECG interpretation. These new criteria can also be used to predict @entity583 in left @entity5036 , intraventricular conduction delay, and ventricular pacing. CONCLUSION: Multiple @entity583 modify the ECG because they eliminate Q waves and result in confusing, splintered QRS waveforms, referred to as M and W complexes. New criteria are presented to diagnose the presence and locations of these MMIs, which predict reduced left ventricular function, in normal sinus rhythm, left @entity5036 , and ventricular pacing.

title: Diagnosis of multiple infarcts from complex electrocardiograms during normal rhythm, left XXXX , and ventricular pacing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MIs', 'Myocardial infarctions', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle-branch block']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity26128 :: ('MESH:C535869', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial and intramural depolarization']

answer: @entity5036 :: (OMIM:113900,Disease) :: ['bundle-branch block']


abstract: The prevalence and impact of the overexpression of AmpC and efflux pumps were evaluated with a collection of 190 @entity796 isolates recovered from bloodstream infections in a 2008 multicenter study (10 hospitals) in Spain. The MICs of a panel of 13 antipseudomonal agents were determined by microdilution, and the expressions of ampC, mexB, mexY, mexD, and mexF were determined by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Up to 39% of the isolates overexpressed at least one of the mechanisms. ampC overexpression (24.2%) was the most prevalent mechanism, followed by mexY (13.2%), mexB (12.6%), mexF (4.2%), and mexD (2.2%). The overexpression of mexB plus mexY, documented for 5.3% of the isolates, was the only combination showing a significantly (P=0.02) higher prevalence than expected from the frequencies of the individual mechanisms (1.6%). Additionally, all @entity2892 -resistant isolates studied (25 representative isolates) showed inactivating mutations in oprD. Most of the isolates nonsusceptible to @entity3400 - @entity7120 (96%) and @entity5505 (84%) overexpressed ampC, while mexB (25%) and mexY (29%) overexpressions gained relevance among @entity6944 -nonsusceptible isolates. Nevertheless, the prevalence of mexY overexpression was highest among @entity2890 -nonsusceptible isolates (37%), and that of mexB was highest among meropenem-nonsusceptible isolates (33%). Regarding @entity2177 -resistant isolates, besides the expected increased prevalence of efflux pump overexpression, a highly significant link to ampC overexpression was documented for the first time: up to 52% of @entity2177 -nonsusceptible isolates overexpressed ampC, sharply contrasting with the 24% documented for the complete collection (P<0.001). In summary, mutation-driven resistance was frequent in @entity796 isolates from bloodstream infections, whereas metallo-b-lactamases, detected in 2 isolates (1%) producing @entity15598 , although with increasing prevalences, were still uncommon.

title: Overexpression of AmpC and efflux pumps in XXXX isolates from bloodstream infections: prevalence and impact on resistance in a Spanish multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['cefepime']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2436 is associated with a variety of @entity146 and medical illnesses. Very little research is available on the syndrome and the exact neurobiological correlates are not known. Though various cortical and subcortical circuits are implicated in the pathogenesis, the role of cerebellum is unknown. We report an unusual presentation of herpes simplex @entity198 , clinically as @entity7908 and radiologically as isolated symmetrical cerebellar involvement affecting the posterior cerebellum. We discuss the possible role of the cerebellum in producing a @entity2437 state. CASE REPORT: We describe the clinical presentation of @entity2436 in a 19-year-old @entity1 with herpes simplex @entity198 . Her magnetic reasonance imaging showed features of @entity1800 involving the posterior cerebellum with hemorrhagic transformation. She lacked the classical frontotemporal involvement of herpes and recovered completely without physical or neuropsychological sequelae. She did not show signs associated with @entity76 at any point during the illness. CONCLUSIONS: This case provides compelling evidence for the possible role of the posterior cerebellum in the clinical presentation of @entity2436 . This is probably related to its role in controlling the nonmotor cerebral functions through corticocerebellar connections. Further studies of @entity2437 syndromes are needed to establish this association.

title: Insights from a rare clinical presentation of herpes simplex @entity198 : adding to the XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity7908 :: ('MESH:D053608', 'Disease') :: ['catatonic stupor']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral cerebellitis']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar disease']

entities_list: @entity2436 :: ('MESH:D002389', 'Disease') :: ['Catatonia', 'catatonia']

entities_list: @entity2437 :: ('MESH:D012560', 'Disease') :: ['catatonic']

answer: @entity2437 :: (MESH:D012560,Disease) :: ['catatonic dilemma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2436 is associated with a variety of @entity146 and medical illnesses. Very little research is available on the syndrome and the exact neurobiological correlates are not known. Though various cortical and subcortical circuits are implicated in the pathogenesis, the role of cerebellum is unknown. We report an unusual presentation of herpes simplex @entity198 , clinically as @entity7908 and radiologically as isolated symmetrical cerebellar involvement affecting the posterior cerebellum. We discuss the possible role of the cerebellum in producing a @entity2437 state. CASE REPORT: We describe the clinical presentation of @entity2436 in a 19-year-old @entity1 with herpes simplex @entity198 . Her magnetic reasonance imaging showed features of @entity1800 involving the posterior cerebellum with hemorrhagic transformation. She lacked the classical frontotemporal involvement of herpes and recovered completely without physical or neuropsychological sequelae. She did not show signs associated with @entity76 at any point during the illness. CONCLUSIONS: This case provides compelling evidence for the possible role of the posterior cerebellum in the clinical presentation of @entity2436 . This is probably related to its role in controlling the nonmotor cerebral functions through corticocerebellar connections. Further studies of @entity2437 syndromes are needed to establish this association.

title: Insights from a rare clinical presentation of herpes simplex XXXX : adding to the @entity2437 ?

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: High weight and high percent mammographic breast density are both @entity0 risk factors, but are negatively correlated. Therefore we wanted to obtain more insight in this apparent paradox. METHODS: We investigated in a longitudinal study how weight change over menopause is related to changes in mammographic breast features. 591 @entity1 of the EPIC-NL cohort, were divided into 3 groups according their prospectively measured weight change over menopause: 1) @entity353 (> -3.0  %), 2) stable weight (between -3.0  % and +3.0  %) and 3) @entity1017 (>3.0  %). SPSS GLM univariate analysis was used to determine both the mean breast measure changes in, and the trend over the weight change groups. RESULTS: Over a median period of 5  years, the mean change in percentage density in these groups was -5.0  % (95  % CI: -8.0; -2.1), -6.8  % (95  % CI: -9.0; -4.5) and -10.2  % (95  % CI: -12.5; -7.9), respectively (p-trend   =   0.001). The mean change in dense area was -16.7  cm(2) (95  % CI: -20.1; -13.4), -16.4  cm(2) (95  % CI: -18.9; -13.9) and -18.1  cm(2) (95  % CI: -20.6; -15.5), respectively (p-trend   =   0.437). Finally, the mean change in nondense area was -6.1  cm(2) (95  % CI: -11.9; -0.4), -0.6  cm(2) (95  % CI: -4.9; 3.8) and 5.3  cm(2) (95  % CI: 0.9; 9.8), respectively (p-trend   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Going through menopause is associated with a decrease in both percent density and dense area. The decrease in percent density is largest in @entity1 who gain weight, due to an increase in the nondense tissue. The decrease in dense area is not related to weight change. So the fact that both high percent density and high weight or @entity1017 are associated with high @entity0 risk, can probably not be explained by an increase (or slower decrease) of dense area in @entity1 gaining weight compared to @entity1 losing weight or staying stable weight. These results suggest that weight and dense area are presumably two independent @entity0 risk factors.

title: The effect of weight change on changes in breast density measures over menopause in a XXXX screening cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Real-time ultrasound perfusion imaging (rt-UPI) allows visualization of microbubbles flowing through the cerebral microvasculature. We hypothesized that analysis of microbubble tissue replenishment would enable for characterization of perfusion deficits in @entity2500 . Twenty-three @entity1 (mean age 70.2    13.2 years, 9 weeks) were included. Sequential images of bubble replenishment were acquired by transcranial rt-UPI at low mechanical index immediately after microbubble destruction. Different parameters were calculated from regions of interest (ROIs): real-time time to peak (rt-TTP), rise rate (b), and plateau (A) of acoustic intensity, and A   b was used as an index of blood flow. Results were compared with diffusion-weighted and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. Parameters of rt-UPI had lower values in ROIs of @entity63 as compared with normal tissue (b=0.58    0.40 versus 1.25    0.83; P=0.001; A=1.44    1.75 versus 2.63    2.31; P=0.05; A   b=1.14    2.25 versus 2.98    2.70; P=0.01). Real-time time to peak was delayed in @entity63 tissue (11.43    2.67 versus 8.88    1.66 seconds; P<0.001). From the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves, b and A   b had the largest areas under the curve with optimal cutoff values of b<0.76 and A   b<1.91. We conclude that rt-UPI with analysis of microbubble replenishment correctly identifies @entity63 brain tissue in acute @entity2500 .

title: Real-time ultrasound brain perfusion imaging with analysis of microbubble replenishment in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA stroke', 'acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory stroke']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['MCA stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is well established that @entity528 at different frequencies interact with each other in terms of cross-frequency coupling (CFC). In particular, the phase of slower oscillations modulates the power of faster oscillations. This is referred to as phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). Examples are alpha phase to gamma power coupling as observed in @entity1 and theta phase to gamma power coupling as observed in the @entity35 hippocampus. We here ask if the interaction between alpha and gamma oscillations is in the direction of the phase of slower oscillations driving the power of faster oscillations or conversely from the power of faster oscillations driving the phase of slower oscillations. To answer this question, we introduce a new measure to estimate the @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ). This measure is based on the phase-slope index (PSI) between the phase of slower oscillations and the power envelope of faster oscillations. Further, we propose a randomization framework for statistically evaluating the coupling measures when controlling for multiple comparisons over the investigated frequency ranges. The method was firstly validated on simulated data and next applied to resting state electrocorticography (ECoG) data. These results demonstrate that the method works reliably. In particular, we found that the power envelope of gamma oscillations drives the phase of slower oscillations in the alpha band. This surprising finding is not easily reconcilable with theories suggesting that feedback controlled alpha oscillations modulate feedforward processing reflected in the gamma band.

title: Measuring directionality between XXXX of different frequencies.

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['cross-frequency directionality', 'CFD']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal oscillations']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal oscillations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biomarkers such as serum @entity880 , anion gap (AG), and base excess (BE) have been shown to be of use in determining shock in @entity1 with seemingly normal vital signs. We seek to determine if these biomarkers can be used interchangeably in @entity1 with @entity130 in the emergency setting based on their test characteristics and correlation to each other. METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study was undertaken at an urban level 1 @entity130 center. Baseline vital signs, point-of-care BE, AG, and serum @entity880 were recorded in all @entity1 who presented for @entity130 . Correlation was determined by linear regression model. Overall test characteristics and relative risk were calculated. RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 were enrolled. The median age was 30 years (interquartile range, 24-42 years), and 89% were male. Fifty-three percent of injuries were @entity130 . Pearson correlation of serum @entity880 to BE was -0.81 (r(2) = 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.75; P < .001), that of BE to AG was -0.71 (r(2) = 0.5; 95% CI, -0.80 to -0.57; P < .01), and that for serum @entity880 to AG was 0.71 (r(2) = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.57-0.80; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the biomarkers have similar test characteristics which may make them interchangeable as indicators for the presence of @entity1457 in @entity1 with @entity130 . @entity880 and BE correlate well with each other; however, AG was not as strongly correlated with either.

title: Comparing biomarkers of traumatic shock: the utility of anion gap, base excess, and serum XXXX in the ED.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['occult shock']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Over half a century ago the process of prevention of @entity884 in @entity1 with predisposed @entity299 was started. The application of prevention has been based on the fact that @entity884 is preceded by @entity582 , which can be caused by some invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and whose development can be prevented by applying antibiotics before an intervention. According to the latest guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology published this year, prevention is recommended only in high risk @entity1 with previous @entity884 , prosthetic valves, cyanotic @entity299 without surgical repair or with residual defects, palliative shunts or conduits, @entity299 with complete repair with prosthetic material up to six months after the procedure (surgery or percutaneous intervention), and when the residual defect persists at the site of implantation of a prosthetic material. In addition, antibiotic prophylaxis is limited to dental procedures with the manipulation of gingival or periapical region of the teeth or perforation of the oral mucosa. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this testing was to confirm whether these novelties in recommendations were applicable in our environment. METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 (44 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ) with @entity884 were included in the testing. @entity884 was diagnosed in 68% of @entity1 based on two major criteria and in 32% based on one major and three minor criteria. RESULTS: In 54.4% of @entity1 the entry site of @entity281 could be determined. Twenty-one percent of @entity1 developed @entity281 after a dental intervention, 17.5% of @entity1 the @entity281 occurred after a skin/soft tissue lesion, whereas @entity293 preceded @entity884 in 14% of @entity1 and bowel @entity7261 was a possible cause in of 1.75% of @entity1 . In all cases with @entity884 preceded by the dental intervention, antibiotic prophylaxis was not applied due to absent data of @entity299 or negligence. CONCLUSION: In our country a high incidence of @entity884 following dental procedures has been observed. One of possible reasons is poor oral hygiene. Its improvement and a regular dental control, as well as the individual risk assessment of intervention and conditions under which the intervention is performed could determine risk reduction for the development of @entity884 .

title: [Are new recommendations on the prevention of XXXX applicable in our environment?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases', 'congenital heart diseases', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Infective endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes among nulliparous @entity1 undergoing elective labor induction compared with spontaneous labor. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of term, nulliparous @entity1 with singleton gestations in 2007. Elective induction was defined as induction occurring from 37(0/7) to 41(0/7) weeks without ruptured membranes, fetal/maternal complications, or abnormal fetal testing. The primary outcome was cesarean delivery; secondary outcomes were @entity2241 . Continuous variables were compared with t test and Mann-Whitney U, categorical with chi2 and Fisher's exact test. Logististic and linear regression were used to control for confounders and to assess independent effects of induction. RESULTS: Of850 nulliparous, singleton, term deliveries, 485 met criteria for inclusion. Cesarean delivery rate was 19.8% in the labor group and 33.6% in the induction group (p = 0.002). Odds ratio for cesarean was 2.1 (p = 0.001), 1.8 after adjustment for gestational age and birth weight, (p = 0.01). Length of stay (LOS) was significantly associated with induction even after adjustment for cesarean (beta = 0.7, p < 0.001). Rates ofepidural, postpartum @entity548 , pediatric delivery attendance and neonatal @entity26 requirement were higher with induction, before and after adjustment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Elective induction of labor in nulliparas is associated with increased rates of cesarean, postpartum @entity548 , neonatal resuscitation and longer LOS without improvement in neonatal outcomes.

title: Maternal and neonatal morbidity among nulliparous XXXX undergoing elective induction of labor.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['maternal and fetal complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: In a retrospective study, we report on 16 @entity1 with @entity1513 due to progressively ossifying anterior unsegmented bars. OBJECTIVE: To specify the therapeutic strategy in such @entity600 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1513 due to progressively ossifying anterior unsegmented bars is a particular and uncommon entity of @entity1513 . @entity1347 result in slowly progressive @entity1513 , which rarely lead to neurological compromise. Sagittal equilibrium of the spine is maintained by compensatory curves adjacent to the primary curve. METHODS: All @entity1 had clinical assessment and successive measurements of segmental angle made on a standing lateral radiograph of the spine. Magnetic resonance imaging was obtained in four @entity1 . Six @entity1 were just observed. A brace was used in three. And seven were treated surgically. RESULTS: The compensatory capacity of the spine is reduced in lumbar area where there are few discs spaces below the bar. Presentation therefore tends to be at an earlier age and @entity158 is more common.Magnetic resonance imaging enables definition of the structures immediately posterior to the bar and provides information regarding the integrity of the intervertebral disc. CONCLUSION: There is usually no need for surgery in thoracic and thoracolumbar localization. In lumbar localization, if the diagnosis is done early in childhood and if magnetic resonance imaging shows beyond the anterior ossification a normal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging disc space signal, desepiphysiodesis bar resection and cement interposition is mandatory. If the disc magnetic resonance imaging signal is abnormal or if the disc space is totally ossified, we propose a surgical correction of the @entity1513 . For such cases a posterior wedge osteotomy seems to be the more suitable procedure.

title: XXXX : a study of 16 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive anterior vertebral bars']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['congenital kyphosis', 'Congenital kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['Progressive anterior vertebral bars']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Self-care by @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 is essential for optimal disease management of their condition. However, as the nature of @entity712 is unrelenting and burdensome, self-care is usually achieved with the support of partners. It is not clear what role the level of social support by partners plays in @entity712 self-care; therefore, this study sets out to determine the types of social support provided to @entity712 @entity1 and the impact of differing levels of social support on @entity712 @entity1 ' self-care. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: This is secondary analysis of a subgroup of @entity1 experiencing their second hospital admission for @entity712 at baseline in the COACH study, a multisite trial conducted in the Netherlands. Measures included the European @entity712 Self-care Behaviour Scale and a multiple component assessment of social support, which categorized @entity1 into low, moderate, and high levels of social support according to the presence of a partner and their perception of support they received from their partner. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 (n = 333) had an average age of 72 (SD, 11) years, and 92% belonged to New York Heart Association class III or greater. Of the @entity1 with partners (56%), only 49% had a high level of support from their partner. No demographic or clinical characteristic was associated with self-care behavior. @entity1 with a high level of support reported significantly better self-care (P = .002) than @entity1 with low or moderate levels of social support. @entity1 with a high level of social support reported being significantly more likely to consult with a health professional for @entity1017 (P = .011), to limit the amount of fluids they have (P = .02), take their medication (P = .017), to get a flu shot (P = .001), and to exercise on a regular basis (P < .001) than those with medium or low levels of social support. The presence of social support by a partner is not sufficient to influence @entity712 @entity1 ' self-care. Social support provided by partners needs to be of a quality and content that matches @entity712 @entity1 ' perception of need to influence self-care. Caregivers, especially partners, should be considered as integral in the treatment and care of @entity712 @entity1 .

title: Social support and self-care in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) with a single electrical source is effective for motor symptom relief in @entity1 with @entity191 . We postulated that a multiple-source, constant-current device that permits well defined distribution of current would lead to motor improvement in @entity1 with @entity191 . METHODS: We did a prospective, multicentre, non-randomised, open-label intervention study of an implantable DBS device (the VANTAGE study) at six specialist DBS centres at universities in six European countries. @entity1 were judged eligible if they were aged 21-75 years, had been diagnosed with bilateral @entity191 with motor symptoms for more than 5 years, had a Hoehn and Yahr score of 2 or greater, and had a Unified @entity191 rating scale part III (UPDRS III) score in the medication-off state of more than 30, which improved by 33% or more after a @entity3034 challenge. @entity1 underwent bilateral implantation in the subthalamic nucleus of a multiple-source, constant-current, eight-contact, rechargeable DBS system, and were assessed 12, 26, and 52 weeks after implantation. The primary endpoint was the mean change in UPDRS III scores (assessed by site investigators who were aware of the treatment assignment) from baseline (medication-off state) to 26 weeks after first lead implantation (stimulation-on, medication-off state). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01221948. FINDINGS: Of 53 @entity1 enrolled in the study, 40 received a bilateral implant in the subthalamic nucleus and their data contributed to the primary endpoint analysis. Improvement was noted in the UPDRS III motor score 6 months after first lead implantation (mean 13  5 [SD 6  8], 95% CI 11  3-15  7) compared with baseline (37  4 [8  9], 34  5-40  2), with a mean difference of 23  8 (SD 10  6; 95% CI 20  3-27  3; p<0  0001). One @entity1 died of @entity55 24 weeks after implantation, which was judged to be unrelated to the procedure. 125 adverse events were reported, the most frequent of which were @entity3519 , @entity8408 , and apathy. 18 serious adverse events were recorded, three of which were attributed to the device or procedure (one case each of @entity281 , migration, and @entity1576 ). All serious adverse events resolved without residual effects and stimulation remained on during the study. INTERPRETATION: The multiple-source, constant-current, eight-contact DBS system suppressed motor symptoms effectively in @entity1 with @entity191 , with an acceptable safety profile. Future trials are needed to investigate systematically the potential benefits of this system on postoperative outcome and its side-effects. FUNDING: Boston Scientific.

title: Multiple-source current steering in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for XXXX (the VANTAGE study): a non-randomised, prospective, multicentre, open-label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity8408 :: ('MESH:D013064', 'Disease') :: ['speech disorder']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity17932 ( @entity3445 ) is a naturally occurring antimitotic agent and an interesting lead in the development of anticancer agents. Its optimization led to the development of @entity2879 and @entity2663 used in combination chemotherapy with other anticancer drugs; unlike @entity3445 these drugs act by inhibiting topoisomerases. Clinical success and @entity137 issues at later stages of @entity2879 usage inclined researchers to develop structurally modified @entity3445 derivatives. Some of the compounds obtained are under clinical investigations and are anticipated to reach the market. AREAS COVERED: The present review summarizes the attempts made by researchers across the globe to find out newer anticancer agents based on the @entity3445 structure. It brings out the outline of the inventions filed in the form of patents during the years 2012 - 2014. EXPERT OPINION: After the successful development of @entity2879 and @entity2663 there has been considerable interest in the @entity3445 skeleton to develop newer chemotherapeutic agents. In this regard, several @entity3445 derivatives such as TOP53, @entity72961 , @entity72962 , @entity72963 , and so on, have been developed and are undergoing clinical trials. However, its low natural abundance is a major problem in carrying out research on @entity3445 skeleton. This issue is expected to be addressed with the development of newer synthetic strategies to access structurally modified PPTs.

title: XXXX derivatives: a patent review (2012 - 2014).

entities_list: @entity17932 :: ('MESH:D011034', 'Chemical') :: ['Podophyllotoxin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2663 :: ('MESH:D013713', 'Chemical') :: ['teniposide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

answer: @entity17932 :: (MESH:D011034,Chemical) :: ['Podophyllotoxin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is the most common cause of deaths of @entity5 in @entity1 . Nowadays, following completion of imaging methods, mainly fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and core biopsy methods have been used for establishing cytopathological diagnosis although discussions regarding superiority continue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Those with a complaint of "mass in breast" along with those diagnosed to have a mass as a result of routine physical examination among all @entity1 applying to our clinic between 01.01.2009 and 31.12.2011 were retrospectively assessed. Totals of 146 and 64 @entity1 with complete radiological observation who had undergone FNAB and core biopsies, respectively, were evaluated. Postoperative pathological results of @entity1 of both groups receiving surgery were also taken into consideration. All results were compared in terms of false positivity/negativity, sensitivity/specifity, surgery types and distribution of postoperative results with regard to diagnoses along with those of malignant/benign masses with regard to quadrants determined. RESULTS: @entity5 power of mammographic BIRADS classification was 87.3%. However, the value was 75% in the core biopsy group. Sensitivity and specifity following comparison of FNAB and postoperative pathology results of those receiving surgery were 85.4% and 92.9% while they were 93.5% and 100% in the core biopsy group. @entity5 power, calculated by determining AUC in ROC analysis, of FNAB was 89.1% while that of core biopsy was 96.7%. CONCLUSIONS: It was shown that core biopsy is superior to FNAB in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accurate histopathological classification. However; quick, cheap and basic diagnosis by means of FNAB should not be ignored. Sensitivity of FNAB is rather high in experienced hands and furthermore it would be expected to be lower than with core biopsy.

title: Comparison between Radiological and Invasive Diagnostic Modalities in Diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Diagnostic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been few studies focusing on the curve pattern of @entity1635 caused by @entity890 ( @entity890 ) in adolescents and the natural history of @entity1635 after discectomy. The current study was carried out to identify the curve pattern of @entity1635 and investigate the effect of posterior discectomy on the curve improvement in adolescents with @entity890 . METHODS: This review focused on a group of 26 adolescents with @entity890 who initially presented to our clinic for evaluation of @entity1635 , followed by posterior discectomy between 2000 and 2009. Radiographic measurements included curve pattern, specific curve features, trunk shift, and sagittal profile. The correlation between the side of disc herniation and the direction of lumbosacral curve and the trunk shift was evaluated. RESULTS: A typical curve pattern was initially identified in all of the @entity1 as a short lumbosacral curve accompanied with a long thoracic or thoracolumbar curve toward the opposite side. 23 of 26 @entity1 (88.5%) had a trunk shift more than 2.0 cm away from the midline, showing a poor coronal balance. A relatively straight sagittal profile was noted in all the @entity1 . 84.6% (22/26) @entity1 had a disc herniation at the convex side of lumbosacral curve. Similarly, 73.1% (19/26) @entity1 showed a trunk shift toward the opposite side of disc herniation. All of the @entity1 had an marked curve improvement immediately after discectomy. In the 17 @entity1 with a more than 2-year follow-up, only two had a residual lumbosacral curve greater than or equal to 20 degrees. The mean ODI improved from 21.4% before surgery to 7.3% at the final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A short lumbosacral curve accompanied with a long thoracic or thoracolumbar curve toward the opposite side, and a relatively straight sagittal profile have been noted in all the @entity1 . The direction of lumbosacral curve and trunk shift was related to the side of disc herniation. A majority of @entity1 have a small curve size while assosiated with a significant coronal imbalance. Earlier decompression can provide a greater opportunity for spontaneous correction of @entity1635 .

title: Scoliotic posture as the initial symptom in adolescents with XXXX : its curve pattern and natural history after lumbar discectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation', 'LDH']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity296 related to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is poorly characterized, and understanding the characteristic release of biomarkers associated with revascularization injury might provide novel therapeutic opportunities. This study characterized early changes in biomarkers after revascularization injury during on-pump CABG. METHODS: This prospective study comprised 28 @entity1 undergoing on-pump CABG and late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) who underwent measurements of @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ), @entity908 kinase-MB, and inflammatory markers ( @entity1851 , serum amyloid A, @entity3335 , @entity650 , @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity2842 , plasminogen activator inhibitor-1a) at baseline, at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours, and at 1 week (inflammatory markers only) post-CABG. Biomarker results at 1 hour were studied for a relationship to new @entity583 as defined by CMRI-LGE, and the diagnostic utility of combining positive biomarkers was assessed. RESULTS: All @entity1 had an uneventful recovery, but 9 showed a new @entity583 demonstrated by new areas of hyperenhancement on CMR. Peak @entity6949 at 24 hours (   = 0.66, p < 0.001) and CK-MB (   = 0.66, p < 0.001) correlated with the amount of new LGE. At 1 hour, 3 biomarkers-- @entity6949 , @entity650 , and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a--were significantly elevated in @entity1 with vs those without new LGE. Receiver operating curve analysis showed @entity6949 was the most accurate at detecting new LGE at 1 hour: a cutoff of @entity6949 exceeding 5  g/L at 1 hour had 67% sensitivity and 79% specificity for detecting new LGE. CONCLUSIONS: Unexpected CABG-related @entity296 occurs in a significant proportion of @entity1 . A @entity6949 test at 1 hour after CABG could potentially differentiate @entity1 with significant revascularization injury.

title: Early diagnosis of perioperative XXXX after coronary bypass grafting: a study using biomarkers and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury', 'Myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 9a, monocyte chemotactic protein-1']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in vocal symptoms in relation to @entity172 level in @entity1 undergoing in vitro fertilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 31 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. The following vocal symptoms were investigated: vocal tiring or fatigue, vocal straining, throat clearing, lump sensation, hoarseness, and @entity44301 (or loss of voice). The severity of these symptoms was graded from 0 to 4, where 0 means absence of the symptom and 3 means severe symptom presence. The frequency of these symptoms was evaluated in the first visit at presentation; second visit, 4 to 5 days after ovarian stimulation; and third visit, 8 to 10 days after stimulation. In the second and third visits, the @entity53 levels were measured. RESULTS: The mean age was 32.33    4.80 years. Ten of the 31 @entity1 had at least 1 vocal symptom. The most common vocal symptom in all 3 visits was throat clearing, with an incidence of 22.6% in the first and second visits and 19.4% in the third visit. This was followed by @entity1109 , with an incidence of 9.68% for both. The incidence of all the vocal symptoms as well as their severity did not change throughout the visits, except for throat clearing, which has decreased in the third visit but not significantly (22.6% vs 19.4%, P = 1). Subjects with vocal symptoms had lower @entity53 level compared with those with no vocal symptoms; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = .108 and .267, respectively). CONCLUSION: Subjects undergoing in vitro fertilization do not experience changes in their vocal symptoms when present, except for throat clearing. However, those with vocal symptoms have lower levels of @entity53 compared with those with no vocal symptoms.

title: Vocal symptoms in XXXX undergoing in vitro fertilization.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['vocal fatigue or tiring and lump sensation']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: RATIONALE: The reinforcing effects of cocaine are mediated by the mesolimbic dopamine system. Behavioral and neurochemical studies have shown that the cholinergic muscarinic @entity72964 receptor subtype plays an important role in regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission. OBJECTIVES: Here we investigated for the first time the involvement of @entity72964 receptors in the reinforcing effects of cocaine using chronic intravenous cocaine self-administration in extensively backcrossed @entity72964 (-/-)) @entity19 . METHODS: We evaluated acquisition of cocaine self-administration in experimentally na  ve @entity19 . Both cocaine self-administration and food-maintained operant behavior were evaluated under fixed ratio 1 (FR 1) and progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement. In addition, cocaine-induced dopamine release and cocaine-induced @entity2915 were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity72964 (-/-) @entity19 earned significantly more cocaine reinforcers and reached higher breaking points than their wild-type littermates ( @entity72964 (+/+)) at intermediate doses of cocaine under both FR 1 and PR schedules of reinforcement. Under the PR schedule, @entity72964 (-/-) @entity19 exhibited significantly higher response rates at the lowest liquid food concentration. In accordance with these results, cocaine-induced dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens and hyperlocomotion were increased in @entity72964 (-/-) @entity19 compared to @entity72964 (+/+) @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity72964 receptors play an important role in regulation of the reward circuitry and may serve as a new target in the medical treatment of @entity734 .

title: Increased cocaine self-administration in M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor knockout XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addiction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Concomitant use of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [including @entity117 ( @entity117 )] may potentiate the likelihood of @entity360 ( @entity360 ). The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and factors associated with concomitant SSRI/NSAID use among residents of long-term care facilities, and to investigate the use of gastroprotective drugs among concomitant SSRI/NSAID users. METHODS: The study sample comprised 1087 out of 1444 residents of all 53 long-term care wards in Helsinki, Finland, in September 2003. Data were extracted from residents' medication charts and medical records by trained nurses. Medication, diagnostic and mortality data were available for 1004 residents. RESULTS: Among the 1004 residents (mean        SD age 81.3        10.9 years), 28% used an SSRI, 38% used an NSAID and 24% used a gastroprotective drug. Thirteen percent of residents were concomitant users of SSRIs/NSAIDs. Concomitant use was associated with @entity6 (p   <   0.001), previous @entity64 (p   <   0.001) and a higher degree of co-morbidity (p   <   0.001). Gastroprotective drugs were used by 27% of concomitant users of SSRIs/NSAIDs compared with 37%, 20% and 22% of SSRI users, NSAID users and non-users of SSRIs/NSAIDs, respectively. One-year all-cause mortality was similar among all groups. CONCLUSION: The long-term facility residents in this study sample were frequently exposed to drug-drug interactions that potentiate the risk of @entity360 . Only about one-quarter of concomitant users of SSRIs/NSAIDs were prescribed a gastroprotective drug. Further initiatives are needed to optimize the use of SSRIs, NSAIDs and gastroprotective drugs.

title: Concomitant use of SSRIs, NSAIDs/ XXXX and gastroprotective drugs among residents of long-term care facilities: a medical record review.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['UGIH', 'upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity6352 ( @entity6352 ) is part of the TGF-b superfamily and is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system. Changes in @entity6352 homeostasis have been reported in @entity1316 . AIM: To assess serum @entity6352 concentration in elderly subjects with late-life @entity308 , before antidepressant treatment, as compared to healthy elderly controls. METHODS: Thirty-four elderly subjects with @entity308 and 37 age and gender-matched healthy elderly controls were included in this study. Diagnosis of @entity308 was ascertained by the @entity915 interview for DSM-IV and the severity of @entity308 symptoms was assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( @entity3831 -21). Serum @entity6352 concentration were determined by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity308 showed a significant reduction in @entity6352 levels as compared to healthy elderly controls (p < 0.001). Also, @entity6352 level was negatively correlated with @entity3831 -21 scores (r = -0.343, p = 0.003). DISCUSSION: Our data provide evidence that @entity6352 may be a state marker of @entity308 in older adults. Changes in the homeostatic control of @entity6352 production may be a target to development of new antidepressant strategies.

title: Circulating Glial-derived neurotrophic factor is XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6352 :: ('2668', 'Gene') :: ['Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor', 'GDNF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depression', 'major depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['reduced in late-life depression']


abstract: AIM: To explore the perceptions of loneliness according to @entity1 with early-stage @entity303 , living in community and long-term care and also the views of their family carers. BACKGROUND: Research that specifically explores the influence of loneliness on @entity303 is limited and indicates the prevalence of loneliness and the negative relationship between loneliness and @entity73 . There is a paucity of research that explores loneliness from the perspective of the @entity1 with @entity303 . DESIGN: A descriptive exploratory qualitative approach was used. METHODS: Data were collected through semi-structured audio-taped interviews. A purposive sample of 70 @entity1 with a diagnosis or probable @entity303 and 73 family carers were recruited from community and long-term care from South East Queensland, Australia. RESULTS: Four themes were identified: staying connected to others; losing the ability to socially engage; experiencing loneliness; and overcoming loneliness. The results emphasise the importance of familiar @entity1 relationships in reducing the feelings of loneliness in @entity1 experiencing @entity303 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity303 are at risk of loneliness, but placing them with unfamiliar @entity1 and environments may not improve their situation. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Better refinement of care that takes into account the potential for loneliness and an understanding of premorbid social tendency may assist in the implementation of individualised and evidence-based strategies to assist @entity1 with @entity303 to lead a better quality of life. To maintain well-being, the social needs of the @entity1 with @entity303 as well as the family need to be considered.

title: XXXX and loneliness: an Australian perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'human', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: Corneal transplantation with cultivated limbal or oral epithelium is a feasible treatment option for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Currently utilized co-culture of stem cells with @entity19 3T3 feeder layer renders the epithelial constructs as xenografts. To overcome the potential risks involved with xenotransplantation, we investigated the use of @entity1 -derived feeder layers for the ex vivo expansion of epithelial (stem) cells. @entity1 limbal and oral epithelium was co-cultured with @entity19 3T3 fibroblasts, @entity1 dermal fibroblasts (DF), @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and with no feeder cells (NF). Cell morphology was monitored with phase-contrast microscopy, and stem cell characteristics were assessed by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR for @entity4206 and @entity10430 , (stem cell markers), and by colony-forming efficiency (CFE) assay. Immunohistochemical analysis detected positive staining for @entity16914 (cornea specific marker) and @entity3846 and @entity4206 (putative stem cell markers) in all culture conditions. The level of @entity3846 and @entity4206 was significantly higher in both limbal and oral cells cultured on the 3T3 feeder, as compared to the MSC or NF group (p<0.01). This level was comparable to the cells cultured on DF. Expression of @entity4206 and @entity10430 in limbal and oral epithelial cells in the 3T3 and DF groups was significantly higher than that in the MSC or NF group (p<0.01). No statistical difference was detected between 3T3 and DF groups. The CFE of both limbal and oral cells co-cultured on 3T3 fibroblasts was comparable to cells grown on DF, and was significantly higher than that of cells co-cultured with MSC or NF (p<0.01). Epithelial cells grown on a DF feeder layer maintained a stem cell-like phenotype, comparable to cells grown on a 3T3 feeder layer. In conclusion, DF provides a promising substitute for 3T3 feeder cells during cultivation of xenobiotic-free corneal equivalents.

title: Comparative analysis of XXXX -derived feeder layers with 3T3 fibroblasts for the ex vivo expansion of @entity1 limbal and oral epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['LSCD', 'limbal stem cell deficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Corneal transplantation with cultivated limbal or oral epithelium is a feasible treatment option for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Currently utilized co-culture of stem cells with @entity19 3T3 feeder layer renders the epithelial constructs as xenografts. To overcome the potential risks involved with xenotransplantation, we investigated the use of @entity1 -derived feeder layers for the ex vivo expansion of epithelial (stem) cells. @entity1 limbal and oral epithelium was co-cultured with @entity19 3T3 fibroblasts, @entity1 dermal fibroblasts (DF), @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and with no feeder cells (NF). Cell morphology was monitored with phase-contrast microscopy, and stem cell characteristics were assessed by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR for @entity4206 and @entity10430 , (stem cell markers), and by colony-forming efficiency (CFE) assay. Immunohistochemical analysis detected positive staining for @entity16914 (cornea specific marker) and @entity3846 and @entity4206 (putative stem cell markers) in all culture conditions. The level of @entity3846 and @entity4206 was significantly higher in both limbal and oral cells cultured on the 3T3 feeder, as compared to the MSC or NF group (p<0.01). This level was comparable to the cells cultured on DF. Expression of @entity4206 and @entity10430 in limbal and oral epithelial cells in the 3T3 and DF groups was significantly higher than that in the MSC or NF group (p<0.01). No statistical difference was detected between 3T3 and DF groups. The CFE of both limbal and oral cells co-cultured on 3T3 fibroblasts was comparable to cells grown on DF, and was significantly higher than that of cells co-cultured with MSC or NF (p<0.01). Epithelial cells grown on a DF feeder layer maintained a stem cell-like phenotype, comparable to cells grown on a 3T3 feeder layer. In conclusion, DF provides a promising substitute for 3T3 feeder cells during cultivation of xenobiotic-free corneal equivalents.

title: Comparative analysis of @entity1 -derived feeder layers with 3T3 fibroblasts for the ex vivo expansion of XXXX limbal and oral epithelium.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Lead ( @entity10781 ) exposure continues to be an important concern for fish populations. Research is required to assess the long-term behavioral effects of low-level concentrations of @entity10781 and the physiological mechanisms that control those behaviors. Newly fertilized @entity3392 embryos (<2h post fertilization; hpf) were exposed to one of three concentrations of lead (as @entity26409 ): 0, 10, or 30 nM until 24 hpf. (1) Response to a mechanosensory stimulus: Individual larvae (168 hpf) were tested for response to a directional, mechanical stimulus. The tap frequency was adjusted to either 1 or 4 taps/s. Startle response was recorded at 1000 fps. Larvae responded in a concentration-dependent pattern for latency to reaction, maximum turn velocity, time to reach V(max) and escape time. With increasing exposure concentrations, a larger number of larvae failed to respond to even the initial tap and, for those that did respond, ceased responding earlier than control larvae. These differences were more pronounced at a frequency of 4 taps/s. (2) Response to a visual stimulus: Fish, exposed as embryos (2-24 hpf) to @entity10781 (0-10  M) were tested as adults under low light conditions (    60  W/m(2)) for visual responses to a rotating black bar. Visual responses were significantly degraded at @entity10781 concentrations of 30 nM. These data suggest that @entity3392 are viable models for short- and long-term sensorimotor deficits induced by acute, low-level developmental @entity10781 exposures.

title: Developmental lead exposure causes startle response deficits in XXXX .

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Calcifying @entity82 is a rare benign soft-tissue lesion composed of fibrous tissue with abundant hyalinized collagen and dystrophic and often psammomatous @entity730 . The cause of the disease is unclear but, usually, complete resection of the well-circumscribed @entity5 is sufficient to avoid recurrence of the disease. Here, we report an unusual case of this rare @entity5 that presented as two lobulated lesions in the @entity291 muscle. CASE PRESENTATION: The @entity1 was a 17-year-old Japanese @entity1 who noted a hard mass in her left @entity291 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed two well-demarcated lobular masses in the soleus muscle, and the @entity5 was significantly enhanced by contrast medium. Preoperative differential diagnoses included soft-part @entity5 composed of fibrous tissue. However, making a definite diagnosis was impossible because a lobulated shape is rare for @entity5 . Biopsy demonstrated that the mass was a benign @entity5 composed of collagen-rich, hyalinized fibrosclerotic tissue. We performed marginal resection of the two nodules, including the fibrous tissue that connected them. Immunohistochemistry was positive for @entity21939 and negative for @entity706 kinase-1. These findings were helpful to distinguish calcifying @entity82 from @entity5 . There was no sign of recurrence at 30 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of bilobular calcifying @entity82 that developed in an extremity. As described in the previous literature, simple excision was sufficient for the treatment of calcifying @entity82 with two lobules.

title: Bilobular calcifying XXXX in soleus muscle: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'fibrous tumors', 'inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrous pseudotumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for @entity308 has been tested in several trials, but only with follow-ups up to 1.5 years. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of ICBT 3.5 years after treatment completion. METHODS: A total of 88 @entity1 with @entity308 were randomized to either guided self-help or e-mail therapy in the original trial. One-third was initially on a waiting-list. Treatment was provided for eight weeks and in this report long-term follow-up data were collected. Also included were data from post-treatment and six-month follow-up. A total of 58% (51/88) completed the 3.5-year follow-up. Analyses were performed using a random effects repeated measures piecewise growth model to estimate trajectory shape over time and account for missing data. Results Results showed continued lowered scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). No differences were found between the treatment conditions. A large proportion of @entity1 (55%) had sought and received additional treatments in the follow-up period. A majority (56.9%) of @entity1 had a BDI score lower than 10 at the 3.5-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity308 may benefit from ICBT 3.5-years after treatment completion.

title: A 3.5-year follow-up of Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']