abstract: OBJECTIVE: The most important pathological feature of @entity565 is @entity32 , which results in airway hyper-responsiveness. We hypothesized that excessive oxidation is likely to contribute to @entity32 in @entity565 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of both acute exposure and a 30-day administration of @entity620 (AA), which has an antioxidant effect, on airway responsiveness in sensitized @entity840 . METHODOLOGY: @entity840 sensitized to ovalbumin (OA), were given drinking water without AA (group 2) or with AA (group 3). The responses of tracheal chains of control animals (group 1) and both groups of sensitized @entity840 (n = 10, for all groups) to cumulative concentrations of @entity2710 were measured, and the effective concentrations of @entity2710 causing 50% of maximum response (EC50 M) were obtained. The response of tracheal chains to 0.1% OA, relative to contraction obtained with 10 micro mol/L @entity2710 , was also measured. The tracheal responses to @entity2710 and OA were measured on tissues both incubated and not incubated with AA. RESULTS: The tracheal responses of group 2 tissues were significantly greater than those of groups 1 and 3 to both OA and @entity2710 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in tracheal responses to OA and @entity2710 between groups 1 and 3. Acute incubation of tissues caused a reduction of tracheal response to @entity2710 in all groups, but this was only significantly differ-ent for group 3 (P < 0.05). Acute incubation of tissues did not change tracheal response to OA significantly. CONCLUSION: These results showed that although short-term administration of AA had no major effect on tracheal responsiveness among sensitized animals, 30-day administration of AA could lead to a decrease in airway responsiveness of sensitized @entity840 to both OA and @entity2710 .

title: Effect of @entity620 on airway responsiveness in ovalbumin sensitized XXXX .

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: AIMS: To quantify the rates of eye preservation and @entity1 survival, @entity5 relapse and recurrence, and development of new @entity5 in the remaining eye of @entity1 with @entity995 with one eye already enucleated. Also, in the same @entity1 , to describe the types of primary and secondary treatment procedures, and to define the anatomical outcome. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational case series report. The study @entity1 consisted of 107 @entity1 with @entity995 with one eye enucleated within 1 month of baseline examination and had their remaining eye treated conservatively. The main outcome measure were: primary treatment failures, new @entity5 , enucleation of the only eye, @entity204 , remission, and anatomical outcomes ( @entity1713 , @entity548 , and @entity231 ). RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 8.4 (range 0.2-44, SD 10.1) months with a median ophthalmic follow up of 44.3 (8.1-114, SD 10.1) months. In 22 of the 107 @entity1 (21%) the treated eye was in Reese Ellsworth groups I or II and in the remaining 85 (79%) in groups III-V at diagnosis. The primary treatment was cryotherapy in 14% (15/107) of eyes, radioactive plaque brachytherapy in 3.7% (4/107), and chemotherapy in 10% (11/107). It was lens sparing radiotherapy in 37% (40/107), whole eye radiotherapy in 29% (31/107), combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 2.8% (3/107), chemothermotherapy in 0.9% (1/107), and combined focal therapy in 1.8% (2/107). The primary treatment failed to achieve @entity5 control during the follow up period in 37% (40/107) of eyes. In 17 eyes failure was due to inadequate control of the presenting @entity5 , in 16 to development of a new @entity5 , and in eight eyes to a combination of both. 35 (88%) of the 40 failures were managed by secondary conservative treatment and the remaining five were treated by enucleation of the only eye. There were eight (7.4%) deaths and the 3 year survival rate was 93% (100/108). Anatomical results included @entity548 in four cases, tractional @entity1713 also in four cases, and 24 @entity1 required @entity231 surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive conservative treatment achieved a good rate of globe salvage without impairing survival.

title: Globe conserving treatment of the only eye in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['bilateral retinoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) has advocated open mesh repair for primary @entity547 but suggested laparoscopic repair may be considered for recurrent @entity547 . AIM: To establish current surgical practice by surgeons from the South West of England. METHODS: A postal survey was distributed to 121 consultant surgeons and a response rate of 75% was achieved. RESULTS: The majority (86%) of the surgeons surveyed performed @entity547 repairs, and most (95%) of these used open mesh repair as standard for primary @entity169 . Only 8% used laparoscopic repair routinely for primary @entity547 . Few consultants (only 28%) were able to quote formally audited @entity547 rates. A total of 90% of respondents still employed open mesh repair routinely for recurrent @entity547 ; however, if mesh had been used for the primary repair, this figure fell to 55%. Some 7% of respondents recommended laparoscopic repair for recurrent @entity547 , but this increased to 17% if the primary repair was done with mesh. All laparoscopic surgeons in the South West employed the totally extraperitoneal approach (TEP). There was a range of opinion on the technical demands of repair of a recurrent @entity547 previously mended with mesh; the commonest cause of mesh failure was thought to be a medial direct recurrence (insufficient mesh medially). CONCLUSIONS: Current surgical practice for primary @entity547 in the South West England reflects NICE guidelines although many surgeons continue to manage recurrent @entity547 by further open repair. In this survey, there was anecdotal evidence to suggest that @entity547 can be managed effectively by open repair.

title: Management of primary and recurrent XXXX by surgeons from the South West of England.

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernias', 'hernia recurrence', 'hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: It is good medical practice to offer carrier tests and counselling to the relatives of those affected by @entity74 . Many are concerned about their own chances of having affected offspring. @entity1577 carrier tests have been feasible since the discovery of the gene in 1989. It was generally agreed that although population screening was not practical, testing should be offered to relatives and their partners. There is evidence that such offers have not always been made and relatives have sometimes found it difficult to be tested. An active cascade programme of the counselling and testing of @entity1577 @entity1 ' relatives and their partners has operated from Royal Manchester @entity1 's Hospital since 1993. The service operates with dedicated staff, backed up by a specialist @entity1577 molecular genetics laboratory and a specialist genetic counselling service. The main target groups are couples or individuals of @entity1 -bearing age. There is discouragement of the testing of young @entity1 and of grandparents beyond reproductive age, although, if parents or individuals are insistent, testing is often performed, after counselling. An audit of users has shown satisfaction, very few feeling that they were pressured into having the tests. The experience of other centres with cascade-testing in @entity1577 is summarised. Cascades can start whenever a sufferer or carrier is identified, although care should be exercised in instituting active cascades in the extended families of newborns identified as carriers in neonatal screening programmes.

title: Cascade carrier-testing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recessive disorders']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To observe in a clinical trial the feasibility, tolerance, and efficacy of reirradiation by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for locoregionally recurrent @entity2 after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 1999 and March 2001, 23 @entity2 @entity1 with locoregional recurrence after EBRT were enrolled in this study. Of the 23 @entity1 , 21 were @entity1 and 2 were @entity1 (median age 68 years, range 43-79). At the first course of @entity138 , 9 @entity1 had @entity957 , 7 @entity420 , and 7 @entity4153 . The interval between the first course of @entity138 and recurrence varied from 6 to 42 months (median 13). The median dose of the first course of @entity138 was 66 Gy (range 30-78). Reirradiation was carried out using 3D-CRT and only covered the radiographic lesions. The median dose of reirradiation was 51 Gy (range 46-60), which was delivered by a conventionally fractionated schedule (i.e., 1.8-2.0 Gy/fraction, 5 fractions/wk). The @entity137 was assessed according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 15 months (range 2-37). Acute @entity1208 occurred in 9% of @entity1 (Grade 1-2). @entity6937 developed in 22% of @entity1 (Grade 1-2). No cases of acute Grade 3 or greater @entity137 had been recorded at last follow-up. Pulmonary @entity82 was observed in 26% of @entity1 (Grade 2-3); no other severe late complications have been observed. The 1- and 2-year survival rate was 59% and 21%, respectively. The locoregional progression-free rate at 1 and 2 years was 51% and 42%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Reirradiation using 3D-CRT was tolerated by this group of recurrent @entity2 @entity1 without severe complications. The 2-year outcome was encouraging. Reirradiation with 3D-CRT can be considered an option for the management of locoregionally recurrent @entity2 .

title: Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for locoregionally recurrent XXXX after external beam irradiation: a prospective phase I-II clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['radiation esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['Acute radiation pneumonitis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung carcinoma']


abstract: The natural history of @entity149 in @entity161 is unclear. We aimed to characterise this in an epidemiological first-episode cohort and relate it to long-term outcome. All but 1 of 112 first-episode @entity716 cases ascertained from a geographical catchment area were traced at 10-12 years. Neurocognitive and multi-dimensional outcome assessments were made at interview in 49 cases with @entity161 and @entity74 . Twenty-four of these had completed the same @entity149 at index admission. Comparisons with normative data showed @entity73 in a proportion of the first episode (FE) sample at baseline. Significant deterioration was seen over the follow-up period in three of nine sub-tests: object assembly, picture completion and memory for designs. @entity149 at outcome, but not baseline, correlated with clinical outcome. Poor outcome was associated with a decline in performance on visuo-spatial tasks and a failure to improve on frontal-temporal tasks during the follow-up period. @entity51 may be present in the FE, but do not progress over 10-12 years. Visuo-spatial function is spared in the FE but may deteriorate over time. Changes in both these patterned deficits are predictive of clinical outcome.

title: Neurocognitive function and outcome in XXXX : a 10-year follow-up of an epidemiological cohort.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired executive function']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive battery', 'Neurocognitive impairments', 'neurocognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Executive deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['related disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['first-episode schizophrenia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) plays an important role in @entity5 angiogenesis. The soluble form of @entity6758 @entity7 receptor inhibits @entity7 activity in a dominant-negative manner. AIM: This study demonstrated the regional @entity5 suppression effect of adenovirus-mediated soluble @entity6758 in @entity1 @entity788 cells. METHODOLOGY: The @entity7 expression level was examined in nine cell lines. Panc-1 and PK-8 were used as lower- and higher- @entity7 -producing cell lines, respectively. The in vitro proliferation of @entity5 cells infected with adenovirus vectors encoding soluble @entity6758 (Adsflt) and control vectors (AdLacZ) was not different. To assess the in vivo @entity5 growth suppression, @entity5 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in @entity915 @entity19 . Adsflt, AdLacZ, or vehicle was injected directly into the @entity5 . The early process of @entity5 angiogenesis in a dorsal skinfold chamber was monitored by intravital microscopy. RESULTS: In both Panc-1 cells and PK-8 cells, the @entity5 growth of the Adsflt-treated group was significantly suppressed. The microvessel density, revealed by @entity2279 immunostaining, was also significantly lower in the Adsflt-treated group. Apoptosis index was higher in the Adsflt group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of @entity7 not only in @entity5 cells but also in @entity5 stromal cells. Wild-type cells and AdLacZ-infected cells prompted strong @entity5 angiogenesis, whereas Adsflt-infected cells failed to exert such an effect. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that antiangiogenic gene therapy using soluble @entity6758 might be an effective approach for @entity788 treatment.

title: Gene therapy for XXXX using an adenovirus vector encoding soluble @entity6758 @entity7 receptor.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) plays an important role in @entity5 angiogenesis. The soluble form of @entity6758 @entity7 receptor inhibits @entity7 activity in a dominant-negative manner. AIM: This study demonstrated the regional @entity5 suppression effect of adenovirus-mediated soluble @entity6758 in @entity1 @entity788 cells. METHODOLOGY: The @entity7 expression level was examined in nine cell lines. Panc-1 and PK-8 were used as lower- and higher- @entity7 -producing cell lines, respectively. The in vitro proliferation of @entity5 cells infected with adenovirus vectors encoding soluble @entity6758 (Adsflt) and control vectors (AdLacZ) was not different. To assess the in vivo @entity5 growth suppression, @entity5 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in @entity915 @entity19 . Adsflt, AdLacZ, or vehicle was injected directly into the @entity5 . The early process of @entity5 angiogenesis in a dorsal skinfold chamber was monitored by intravital microscopy. RESULTS: In both Panc-1 cells and PK-8 cells, the @entity5 growth of the Adsflt-treated group was significantly suppressed. The microvessel density, revealed by @entity2279 immunostaining, was also significantly lower in the Adsflt-treated group. Apoptosis index was higher in the Adsflt group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of @entity7 not only in @entity5 cells but also in @entity5 stromal cells. Wild-type cells and AdLacZ-infected cells prompted strong @entity5 angiogenesis, whereas Adsflt-infected cells failed to exert such an effect. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that antiangiogenic gene therapy using soluble @entity6758 might be an effective approach for @entity788 treatment.

title: Gene therapy for @entity788 using an adenovirus vector encoding soluble @entity6758 XXXX receptor.

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) plays an important role in @entity5 angiogenesis. The soluble form of @entity6758 @entity7 receptor inhibits @entity7 activity in a dominant-negative manner. AIM: This study demonstrated the regional @entity5 suppression effect of adenovirus-mediated soluble @entity6758 in @entity1 @entity788 cells. METHODOLOGY: The @entity7 expression level was examined in nine cell lines. Panc-1 and PK-8 were used as lower- and higher- @entity7 -producing cell lines, respectively. The in vitro proliferation of @entity5 cells infected with adenovirus vectors encoding soluble @entity6758 (Adsflt) and control vectors (AdLacZ) was not different. To assess the in vivo @entity5 growth suppression, @entity5 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in @entity915 @entity19 . Adsflt, AdLacZ, or vehicle was injected directly into the @entity5 . The early process of @entity5 angiogenesis in a dorsal skinfold chamber was monitored by intravital microscopy. RESULTS: In both Panc-1 cells and PK-8 cells, the @entity5 growth of the Adsflt-treated group was significantly suppressed. The microvessel density, revealed by @entity2279 immunostaining, was also significantly lower in the Adsflt-treated group. Apoptosis index was higher in the Adsflt group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of @entity7 not only in @entity5 cells but also in @entity5 stromal cells. Wild-type cells and AdLacZ-infected cells prompted strong @entity5 angiogenesis, whereas Adsflt-infected cells failed to exert such an effect. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that antiangiogenic gene therapy using soluble @entity6758 might be an effective approach for @entity788 treatment.

title: Gene therapy for @entity788 using an adenovirus vector encoding soluble XXXX @entity7 receptor.

answer: @entity6758 :: (2321,Gene) :: ['flt-1']


abstract: @entity879 and @entity326 share many clinical features, including hyperdynamic @entity65 . @entity1887 may result in a similar @entity65 . In @entity326 , @entity1887 , defined using the short synacthen test (SST), is associated with hemodynamic instability and poor outcome. We examined the SST, a dynamic test of adrenal function, in 45 @entity1 with @entity409 ( @entity409 ) and determined the association of these results with hemodynamic profile, severity of illness, and outcomes. Abnormal SSTs were common, occurring in 62% of @entity1 . Those who required @entity1063 (NA) for blood pressure support had a significantly lower increment (median, 161 vs. 540 nmol/L; P <.001) following synacthen compared with @entity1 who did not. Increment and peak were lower in @entity1 who required ventilation for the management of @entity75 (increment, 254 vs. 616 nmol/L, P <.01; peak, 533 vs. 1,002 nmol/L, P <.01). Increment was significantly lower in those who fulfilled liver transplant criteria compared with those who did not (121 vs. 356 nmol/L; P <.01). @entity1 who died or underwent liver transplantation had a lower increment (148 vs. 419 nmol/L) and peak (438 vs. 764 nmol/L) than those who survived (P <.01). There was an inverse correlation between increment and severity of illness (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, r = -0.63; P <.01). In conclusion, @entity409 assessed by the SST is common in @entity409 and may contribute to hemodynamic instability and mortality. It is more frequent in those with severe @entity409 and correlates with severity of illness.

title: The clinical importance of XXXX in @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['Acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency', 'Adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatic dysfunction', 'adrenal dysfunction', 'AHD', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular collapse', 'cardiovascular syndrome']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['adrenal insufficiency']


abstract: @entity879 and @entity326 share many clinical features, including hyperdynamic @entity65 . @entity1887 may result in a similar @entity65 . In @entity326 , @entity1887 , defined using the short synacthen test (SST), is associated with hemodynamic instability and poor outcome. We examined the SST, a dynamic test of adrenal function, in 45 @entity1 with @entity409 ( @entity409 ) and determined the association of these results with hemodynamic profile, severity of illness, and outcomes. Abnormal SSTs were common, occurring in 62% of @entity1 . Those who required @entity1063 (NA) for blood pressure support had a significantly lower increment (median, 161 vs. 540 nmol/L; P <.001) following synacthen compared with @entity1 who did not. Increment and peak were lower in @entity1 who required ventilation for the management of @entity75 (increment, 254 vs. 616 nmol/L, P <.01; peak, 533 vs. 1,002 nmol/L, P <.01). Increment was significantly lower in those who fulfilled liver transplant criteria compared with those who did not (121 vs. 356 nmol/L; P <.01). @entity1 who died or underwent liver transplantation had a lower increment (148 vs. 419 nmol/L) and peak (438 vs. 764 nmol/L) than those who survived (P <.01). There was an inverse correlation between increment and severity of illness (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, r = -0.63; P <.01). In conclusion, @entity409 assessed by the SST is common in @entity409 and may contribute to hemodynamic instability and mortality. It is more frequent in those with severe @entity409 and correlates with severity of illness.

title: The clinical importance of @entity1887 in XXXX .

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['acute hepatic dysfunction']


abstract: @entity358 in @entity1252 are frequent and sometimes they are the first symptoms of the disease. @entity1252 may cause a variety of clinical presentations and pathologic patterns, which can be difficult to diagnose. We observed 11 @entity1 (9 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) with pulmonary manifestations of @entity1252 during last 18 years in our department. Mean age of @entity1 was 47.7 +/- 13.4 years. There were no @entity1 with drug induced @entity1252 . @entity401 (7/11) acute or chronic and pleural involvement (5/11) were the most frequent clinical presentation. In three cases @entity1030 presented as reduction of FEV1%VC index was detected. In one case " @entity358 was confirmed by muscle function (diaphragm relaxation time) and lung function tests. @entity120 confirmed by echocardiography, was associated with @entity401 or @entity1333 . Six cases representing different lung involvement pattern of @entity1252 were described in details.

title: [Lung involvement in XXXX ( @entity1252 )--own experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['shrinking lung" syndrome', 'Pulmonary disorders']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial lung diseases', 'interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity358 in @entity1252 are frequent and sometimes they are the first symptoms of the disease. @entity1252 may cause a variety of clinical presentations and pathologic patterns, which can be difficult to diagnose. We observed 11 @entity1 (9 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) with pulmonary manifestations of @entity1252 during last 18 years in our department. Mean age of @entity1 was 47.7 +/- 13.4 years. There were no @entity1 with drug induced @entity1252 . @entity401 (7/11) acute or chronic and pleural involvement (5/11) were the most frequent clinical presentation. In three cases @entity1030 presented as reduction of FEV1%VC index was detected. In one case " @entity358 was confirmed by muscle function (diaphragm relaxation time) and lung function tests. @entity120 confirmed by echocardiography, was associated with @entity401 or @entity1333 . Six cases representing different lung involvement pattern of @entity1252 were described in details.

title: [Lung involvement in @entity1252 ( XXXX )--own experience].

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['SLE']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Our aim was to assess the efficacy of the liver dialysis unit (LDU) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 between January 1996 and December 2001 were retrospectively studied. A liver dialysis unit became available in our Unit in July 2000, and as of December 2001, four of these 17 @entity1 had undergone treatment with liver dialysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 29 years (range: 14-47) and 76% were @entity1 . Four of 17 @entity1 underwent a total of 12 (range: 1-4) LDU sessions. Ammonia level tended to be lower following the LDU and all four @entity1 recovered without a need for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Prior to July 2000, eight of 13 @entity1 survived with supportive therapy, three expired and two underwent OLT. No major @entity548 episodes were observed during the LDU course. A significant difference was found between the three cases who died and the cases that survived with respect to the grade of @entity75 (p<0.001). There was significant difference in the admission serum @entity1011 among survivors (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the Liver Dialysis Unit treatment appeared to benefit @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 by reverse of the @entity75 and spontaneous recovery of the damaged liver in selected @entity1 .

title: Experience with liver dialysis in XXXX induced @entity879 : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Our aim was to assess the efficacy of the liver dialysis unit (LDU) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 between January 1996 and December 2001 were retrospectively studied. A liver dialysis unit became available in our Unit in July 2000, and as of December 2001, four of these 17 @entity1 had undergone treatment with liver dialysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 29 years (range: 14-47) and 76% were @entity1 . Four of 17 @entity1 underwent a total of 12 (range: 1-4) LDU sessions. Ammonia level tended to be lower following the LDU and all four @entity1 recovered without a need for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Prior to July 2000, eight of 13 @entity1 survived with supportive therapy, three expired and two underwent OLT. No major @entity548 episodes were observed during the LDU course. A significant difference was found between the three cases who died and the cases that survived with respect to the grade of @entity75 (p<0.001). There was significant difference in the admission serum @entity1011 among survivors (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the Liver Dialysis Unit treatment appeared to benefit @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 by reverse of the @entity75 and spontaneous recovery of the damaged liver in selected @entity1 .

title: Experience with liver dialysis in @entity1443 induced XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']


abstract: Trisomy rescue is one of various proposed mechanisms in formation of supernumerary @entity2100 ( @entity2100 ) and @entity8882 ( @entity8882 ). In the present report a small de novo marker chromosome derived from chromosome 14 or 22 was diagnosed at prenatal diagnosis due to maternal age. Follow up investigations at birth revealed mosaicism 47,XX,+mar/46,XX. Using FISH, the marker was positive for the probe D14/22Z1, but negative for the probes midi 54 and D22Z4. Using three informative markers both chromosomes 22 were shown to be inherited from the mother (UPDmat). The results are consistent with nondisjunction at maternal meiosis I. The @entity1 is 18 months old now and phenotypically normal. @entity299 were excluded by sonographic examinations. Motor and mental development is according to or ahead of developmental milestones (free walking with 10 months, first words at 12 months). The case confirms that maternal @entity8882 22 most likely is not associated with clinical abnormalities. According to FISH results, @entity8882 22, and 47,XX,+22 in the placenta, we conclude that the @entity2100 was derived from alpha satellite sequences of chromosome 22. This case for the first time gives evidence that early postzygotic reduction of a chromosome to a @entity2100 is a real existing mechanism to rescue a conceptus with trisomy.

title: Supernumerary XXXX ( @entity2100 ) and uniparental disomy 22 in a @entity1 with confined placental mosaicism of trisomy 22: trisomy rescue due to marker chromosome formation.

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['small marker chromosomes', 'small marker chromosome', 'SMC']

entities_list: @entity8882 :: ('MESH:D024182', 'Disease') :: ['UPD', 'uniparental disomy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac and abdominal malformations']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['small marker chromosome']


abstract: Trisomy rescue is one of various proposed mechanisms in formation of supernumerary @entity2100 ( @entity2100 ) and @entity8882 ( @entity8882 ). In the present report a small de novo marker chromosome derived from chromosome 14 or 22 was diagnosed at prenatal diagnosis due to maternal age. Follow up investigations at birth revealed mosaicism 47,XX,+mar/46,XX. Using FISH, the marker was positive for the probe D14/22Z1, but negative for the probes midi 54 and D22Z4. Using three informative markers both chromosomes 22 were shown to be inherited from the mother (UPDmat). The results are consistent with nondisjunction at maternal meiosis I. The @entity1 is 18 months old now and phenotypically normal. @entity299 were excluded by sonographic examinations. Motor and mental development is according to or ahead of developmental milestones (free walking with 10 months, first words at 12 months). The case confirms that maternal @entity8882 22 most likely is not associated with clinical abnormalities. According to FISH results, @entity8882 22, and 47,XX,+22 in the placenta, we conclude that the @entity2100 was derived from alpha satellite sequences of chromosome 22. This case for the first time gives evidence that early postzygotic reduction of a chromosome to a @entity2100 is a real existing mechanism to rescue a conceptus with trisomy.

title: Supernumerary @entity2100 ( XXXX ) and uniparental disomy 22 in a @entity1 with confined placental mosaicism of trisomy 22: trisomy rescue due to marker chromosome formation.

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['SMC']


abstract: Trisomy rescue is one of various proposed mechanisms in formation of supernumerary @entity2100 ( @entity2100 ) and @entity8882 ( @entity8882 ). In the present report a small de novo marker chromosome derived from chromosome 14 or 22 was diagnosed at prenatal diagnosis due to maternal age. Follow up investigations at birth revealed mosaicism 47,XX,+mar/46,XX. Using FISH, the marker was positive for the probe D14/22Z1, but negative for the probes midi 54 and D22Z4. Using three informative markers both chromosomes 22 were shown to be inherited from the mother (UPDmat). The results are consistent with nondisjunction at maternal meiosis I. The @entity1 is 18 months old now and phenotypically normal. @entity299 were excluded by sonographic examinations. Motor and mental development is according to or ahead of developmental milestones (free walking with 10 months, first words at 12 months). The case confirms that maternal @entity8882 22 most likely is not associated with clinical abnormalities. According to FISH results, @entity8882 22, and 47,XX,+22 in the placenta, we conclude that the @entity2100 was derived from alpha satellite sequences of chromosome 22. This case for the first time gives evidence that early postzygotic reduction of a chromosome to a @entity2100 is a real existing mechanism to rescue a conceptus with trisomy.

title: Supernumerary @entity2100 ( @entity2100 ) and uniparental disomy 22 in a XXXX with confined placental mosaicism of trisomy 22: trisomy rescue due to marker chromosome formation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: Rotator cuff conditions are characterized by unspecific signs, as well as anatomic alterations and symptoms. They have a multifactorial etiology and may include everything from @entity924 to massive, full thickness tears of the rotator cuff tendon that compromise the normal biomechanics of the involved shoulder. They usually occur in @entity1 over 40 years of age but lesions resulting from @entity130 may vary according to the mechanism of injury and are not directly related with the age at onset of symptoms. Vascular factors have been described as related with rotator cuff @entity16 in conditions affecting the microcirculation. However, recent studies have not proven that the tendon under direct observation shows hypovascularity. Type A botulinum toxin acts by blocking the release of @entity934 in the neuromuscular plate; in the joints it releases capsular tension and reduces proinflammatory factors such as interleukin-1 (IL-1). There are only a few papers on its intraarticular benefit; in muscle and tendon groups it not only has a muscle relaxant effect, but several publications support its utility for @entity158 management. It has been widely used in the rehabilitation of this group of @entity1 at low doses. Material and methods: Prospective, investigational and longitudinal study involving the follow-up of 24 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity158 proven clinically and with imaging tests, and caused by rotator cuff lesions. The @entity1 either did not meet the criteria for immediate surgical repair or had already undergone such a repair. Type A botulinum toxin was applied to 12 @entity1 in the subacromial space around the rotator cuff conjoint tendon, as well as in the @entity158 and in the @entity1159 in the shoulder. The total dose of Type A botulinum toxin was 200 IU. The control group, also composed of 12 @entity1 , was given a @entity2247 oral antiinflammatory agent for 6 weeks ( @entity12698 , 100 mg BID). Both groups followed a pre-established rehabilitation program for a total of 6 weeks and were supervised every 2 weeks. Subjective and objective assessments were made including @entity158 , performance level and possible mobility, using Constant's functional shoulder assessment and the visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: @entity12698 group: Mean initial Constant scale score was 60; after the first dose it remained unchanged. After 2 weeks of treatment with @entity12698 the mean Constant score was 66; by 6 weeks it was 70.33, with p > 0.005. The botulinum toxin group received a maximum dose of 200 IU in the affected shoulder, 50 IU were administered subacromially and 150 in the @entity158 . This treatment was combined with rehabilitation exercises supervised at the doc tor's office. The mean initial Constant scale score was 58; immediately after the first dose it went up to 70.83. Two weeks after the injection and the supervision of rehabilitation exercises at the office, the mean Constant scale score was 77.16; at six weeks it was 78.5, with p < 0.005 (p = 0.00045). The VAS in the @entity12698 group decreased at six weeks with p < 0.005.

title: [Functional results of type A botulinum toxin versus oral anti-inflammatory agents in the rehabilitation of XXXX caused by rotator cuff lesion].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tendon damage']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful spots', 'painful shoulder syndrome', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['muscle contracture']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful shoulder syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgical procedures are becoming a standard treatment for morbid @entity28 in many western countries and in some Asian countries. AIM: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the initial 30 cases of bariatric surgical procedures performed for morbid @entity28 at a single institution in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2012 until September 2014, 30 bariatric surgical procedures were performed for morbid @entity28 at a single medical center (Kyushu University Hospital) in Japan. RESULTS: All of the operations procedures were planned laparoscopic procedures, and none required conversion to laparotomy. There were no perioperative or postoperative mortalities. @entity260 occurred in 3 @entity1 : 1 @entity1 developed an @entity6177 , 1 @entity1 experienced temporary food intolerance, and 1 @entity1 developed @entity1744 . The excessive body @entity353 rates after surgery at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year post-surgery were 26.1%, 39.2%, 41.7%, and 51.2%, respectively. The mean body mass index (BMI) at the same time points were 38.3%, 36.4%, 35.5%, and 31.4%, respectively. Eighteen @entity1 had @entity6 (T2DM). The mean preoperative fasting blood @entity413 levels were 169    37 mg/dL. Following surgery, the blood @entity413 levels at 3, 6 and 12 months were 113    12, 115    22, and 110    19, mg/dL, respectively. The preoperative HbA1c percentage was 7.9    0.5. Following surgery, the HbA1c percentages at 3, 6, and 12 months were 6.9    0.5, 6.2    0.9, and 5.9    0.6, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgical procedures are effective and safe for the treatment of morbid @entity28 . Our results indicate that the mechanism of improvement of @entity6 and @entity66 following bariatric surgical procedures is not simply as a result of calorie restriction and @entity353 .

title: Clinical significance of the laparoscopic bariatric surgeries for morbid XXXX : initial 30 cases at a single institution in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['related diseases']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effect of diagnostic mydriasis with 1% @entity14433 on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of @entity1 @entity726 , medical retina and @entity231 clinics. METHODS: Levels of agreement for IOP assessment were determined and 95% of repeated readings found to be within +/-2 mmHg. The IOP of 83 @entity231 , 87 medical retinal and 100 @entity726 @entity1 was measured with Goldmann applanation tonometry before and 45 min after dilatation with 1% @entity14433 . Those showing a substantial (>10 mmHg) increase in IOP underwent gonioscopy to determine if their angles remained open and were medically treated to lower their IOP. RESULTS: An approximately normal distribution of change in IOP following dilatation was seen in all three groups (mean change 0.4 mmHg (95% CI 0.1-0.8)). The proportion of @entity1 with a rise of 5 mmHg or more in the right eye was 7% (95% CI 4-10%). Logistic regression using all right eyes, looking at age, sex, diagnosis, ethnicity, ocular medication, iris colour and lens status (phakic/pseudophakic/aphakic) as risk factors for a rise of IOP of 5 mmHg or more did not reveal any significant contribution. Correlation between results obtained for right and left eyes in the @entity726 group was lower (0.43) than for the other groups (0.66 and 0.72), but the extent to which the direction of change in one eye predicted that in the other was shown to be high. Two @entity726 @entity1 with open angles developed a clinically important (>10 mmHg) sustained rise in IOP requiring treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Individual variability in the effects of @entity14433 on aqueous dynamics may account for the approximately normal distribution of IOP seen following dilatation in all three groups. This variation was in excess of that due to observation error alone. It is recommended that the IOP be rechecked after dilation in @entity726 @entity1 with significantly damaged optic nerve heads. In medical retina and @entity231 @entity1 , sustained clinically important rises in intraocular pressure following dilation seem rarer.

title: Changes in intraocular pressure following diagnostic mydriasis with XXXX 1%.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['attending glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity14433 :: ('MESH:D003519', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopentolate']

answer: @entity14433 :: (MESH:D003519,Chemical) :: ['cyclopentolate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Operative treatment consisting of @entity174 reduction and fixation, or arthroplasty to permit early @entity1 mobilization, continues to be the treatment of choice for most @entity2249 . Options for internal fixation have included a variety of implants; however most recent reports and textbooks cite parallel multiple cancellous screws as the surgical technique of choice. METHODS: The study was prospective, randomized and IRB approved. Inclusion criteria included skeletal maturity, closed @entity2249 without concomitant @entity174 or @entity130 with complete charts and adequate radiographs obtained from the initial injury till the last follow-up. Forty-four @entity1 were enrolled in this study during one-year period at two university centers. 22 were randomized to be treated with full threaded, cannulated compression screws (Acutrak 6/7, ACUMED) (Group 1) and the other 22 with 16mm partial threaded, 6.5mm or 7.3mm cannulated screws (SYNTHES) (Group 2). Three or four screws were used in both groups according to @entity174 type and surgeon's preference. Data evaluated included surgical time, fluoroscopy time, @entity174 type, radiological outcome, complications and functional status using the Harris Hip Score. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable in terms of age and gender. There was not a significant difference in terms of surgical time, follow-up period, @entity174 type, or fluoroscopy time. There were eight complications in Group 1 and two in Group 2 (P=0.049) Time to union was significantly longer in Group 1 (P=0.001). However, Hip Scores were not significantly different in both groups (P=0.20). CONCLUSION: When compared with full threaded compression screws, partial-threaded cannulated screws provides a shorter union time and less complication rate while providing equivalent functional results in adult @entity2249 .

title: Should full threaded compression screws be used in adult XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The perception we have of our own body, called 'body image,' is crucial for self-awareness. Here, we evoked reproducible mental imagery of a @entity10582 by intrasurgical electrostimulation of the central cortex. CASE REPORT: A 24-year-old @entity1 experienced @entity410 involving vivid mental imagery of biomechanically impossible movements of the upper limb. A right precentral @entity11 was diagnosed. Awake surgery with intraoperative electrostimulation sensorimotor mapping was performed. Remarkably, the same mental representations of biomechanically impossible movements of the left upper limb were repeatedly elicited during stimulation of the central cortex. These eloquent areas were preserved, even though the precentral part of the knob of the hand was removed. After a transient @entity1158 , the @entity1 recovered and resumed a normal life which included playing the guitar. CONCLUSION: These mental experiences of a @entity10582 generated by intraoperative stimulation could be related to neuroplasticity mechanisms induced by the slow growth of @entity11 within the knob of the hand. Such a functional reorganization may explain why this area was removed without @entity51 . This perception of biomechanically impossible movements during surgery might be due to a transient disruption by stimulating the frontoparietal network involved in the coding of the body image.

title: Vivid Mental Imagery of Biomechanically Impossible Movements Elicited by Cortical Electrostimulation of the Central Region in an Awake XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['monoplegia']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity10582 :: ('MESH:D007088', 'Disease') :: ['postural illusion']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade glioma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['permanent deficits']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic ability of the transcriptional profiling of the HER family genes in early @entity0 , as a validation analysis of another previously published HeCOG study. METHODS: RNA was extracted from 663 @entity406 -fixed @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) @entity5 tissue samples of high-risk early @entity0 @entity1 enrolled in the randomized HE10/00 trial. Relative mRNA expression of all four HER family members was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: In compliance with our previous study, the overall agreement between qRT-PCR and IHC/FISH for @entity1722 status determination was good (69%). Likewise, the overall concordance between qRT-PCR and IHC for @entity470 status was high (81%). In line with our previously reported data, we demonstrated a positive association between @entity1722 and @entity7514 mRNA expression. Similarly, mRNA expression of @entity7514 and @entity12251 was positively associated with each other and negatively associated with @entity470 . Regarding relationships with clinico-pathological parameters, our findings are also in agreement with our previous results. Generally, increased @entity470 and @entity1722 mRNA expression was related to unfavorable, whereas high @entity7514 and @entity12251 mRNA expression was associated with favorable clinico-pathological parameters. In univariate analysis, no significant association between @entity470 , @entity1722 and @entity7514 mRNA expression and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) or disease-free survival (DFS) was demonstrated. However, high @entity470 protein expression was associated with significantly shorter @entity1349 (log-rank, p = 0.015). In compliance with our previously published data, increased @entity12251 mRNA expression had a significantly favorable prognostic value in terms of @entity1349 (p = 0.044) and DFS (p = 0.047). In multivariate analysis, among all HER receptors, only @entity470 protein expression was found to affect @entity1349 (Wald's p = 0.028) and DFS (p = 0.015) independently. Concerning the combined expression of all four HER family receptors, the combination of high @entity470 , high @entity1722 , low @entity7514 and low @entity12251 mRNA expression was associated with a trend for shorter @entity1349 (log-rank, p = 0.065) and significantly worse DFS (p = 0.033), compared with all other co-expression profiles. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that qRT-PCR may represent a valid alternative method for evaluating the expression of HER family members in FFPE @entity0 tissue samples. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12609001036202.

title: Evaluation of the prognostic significance of HER family mRNA expression in high-risk early XXXX : a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG) validation study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large single-centre institutional series on thymic @entity5 are rare. Complete resection remains the mainstay of successful treatment. Characteristics and survival were reviewed in all @entity1 treated between 1993-2013. METHODS: Hospital databases revealed 134 @entity1 with pathologically-proven thymic @entity5 . Follow-up (median 63 months) was through @entity1 notes and telephone contact with general practitioner. RESULTS: @entity1 were classified in Masaoka-Koga stages: I: 50 (37%); IIa: 14 (10%); IIb: 14 (10%); III: 27 (20%); IVa: 19 (14%); IVb: 4 (3%); unknown: 6 (5%). According to WHO classification, pathological subtypes were A: 19 (14%); AB: 25 (19%); B1: 21 (16%); B2: 31 (23%); B3: 15 (11%); @entity704 : 23 (17%). Parathymic syndromes were diagnosed in 45 @entity1 : @entity1737 (84%); @entity1308 (4%); @entity7893 (2%); and others. 124 @entity1 (93%) underwent surgery with complete resection in 104 (84%). Surgical approach was: sternotomy: 79; thoracotomy: 35; cervicotomy: 2; other/unknown: 8. In 73 @entity1 (59%) no biopsy was taken prior to surgical resection, 25 were treated with induction chemotherapy, 36 received adjuvant radiotherapy. Hospital mortality was 0.81%. 35 @entity1 died during follow-up (13 of @entity5 or treatment-related causes). Overall and recurrence-free survival at 5, 10, and 15 years were 86%; 64%; 47% and 67%; 49%; and 31%, respectively and were significantly (p < 0.01) different according to Masaoka-Koga stage. There was a significant association between WHO classification and Masaoka-Koga stages I-IIa-IIb versus III-IVa-IVb (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Operability and complete resectability of thymic @entity5 in our experience is high resulting in prolonged overall and recurrence-free survival. Masaoka-Koga stage is an important predictor for survival and shows a significant association with WHO classification.

title: Single-centre 20-year experience with surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1308 :: ('MESH:D012010', 'Disease') :: ['pure red-cell aplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['treatment of thymic tumours']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of bitoric ablation (cross cylinder) in 1 eye and ordinary monotoric treatment in the contralateral eye of @entity1 with mixed @entity940 . SETTING: Instituto Oftalmol  gico de Alicante and University of Miguel Hern  ndez, Alicante, Spain. METHODS: A comparative consecutive study was initiated in 30 eyes of 15 @entity1 with mixed @entity940 . In each @entity1 , 1 eye was treated with bitoric ablation (Group 1) and the other eye was treated with monotoric ablation (Group 2). The decision to treat with bitoric or monotoric ablation was randomized. All @entity1 were operated on by the same surgeon (J.L.A.) and examined by the same investigators (M.J.A., M.A.H.). All completed a 6-month follow-up. Visual acuity was estimated by transforming the Snellen chart readings into logMAR equivalents. In Group 1, theoretical ablation was also performed on glass slides by making 3 ablation profiles (positive, negative, and bitoric). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in the mean uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), the mean @entity6110 ( @entity6110 ), and the mean refractive cylinder in Group 1 (P<.0001, P =.04, P<.0001, respectively) and in the mean refractive cylinder in Group 2 (P =.01). Better results were obtained in the mean incremental change in UCVA, best corrected visual acuity, @entity6110 , and refractive cylinder in Group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Treatments to correct mixed @entity940 vary in ablation profiles and depth. Bitoric ablation appears to be safer, more effective, and more tissue sparing than the standard treatment.

title: Laser in situ keratomileusis correction of mixed XXXX by bitoric ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6110 :: ('MESH:D017029', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'spherical equivalent']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['astigmatism']


abstract: Little is known about cardiac surgery-associated @entity810 (CS-AKI) in @entity1 in developing regions of the world. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of CSAKI, associated factors and its impact on mortality and utilization of hospital services. The hospital records of @entity1 aged 0-17 years who underwent CS at an Indian hospital were reviewed. CS-AKI was defined as a rise in serum @entity1011 of >= 0.3 mg/dL in any 48 h and or by urine output <0.5 mL/kg/h for an 8-h period in the first five days after CS. The study included 323 @entity1 with a median age of one year (0.04-17), of whom 22 (6.8%) were neonates and 18.3% had a single ventricle. About 60% of the @entity1 had Risk Adjusted Congenital Heart Surgery-I category 1 or 2 interventions. CS-AKI occurred in 39 @entity1 (12.1%). Factors associated with CS-AKI were @entity295 and intraand post-operative @entity551 . In-hospital mortality was six-fold higher in @entity1 who developed CS-AKI. CS-AKI was associated with two to three days more of mechanical ventilation and Intensive care unit stay. CS-AKI occurs in @entity1 in developing countries, but at a lower frequency mainly due to the predominance of post-neonatal @entity1 undergoing less-complex CSs. CS-AKI was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and increased utilization of hospital services. Factors associated with CS-AKI included intraand post-operative @entity551 and @entity295 .

title: Cardiac surgery-associated XXXX in a developing country: Prevalence, risk factors and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a training programme intended to improve the management of @entity28 , delivered to general practice teams. DESIGN: Cluster randomised trial. SETTING: Northern and Yorkshire region of England. @entity1 : 44 general practices invited consecutively attending obese adults to participate; 843 @entity1 attended for collection of baseline data and were subsequently randomised. INTERVENTION: 4.5 hour training programme promoting an @entity28 management model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Difference in weight between @entity1 in intervention and control groups at 12 months (main outcome measure) and at 3 months and 18 months; change in practitioners' knowledge and behaviour in @entity28 management consultations. RESULTS: Twelve months after training the @entity1 in the intervention group were 1 (95% confidence interval--1.9 to 3.9) kg heavier than controls (P = 0.5). Some evidence indicated that practitioners' knowledge had improved. Some aspects of the management model, including recording weight, target weight, and dietary targets, occurred more frequently in intervention practices after the training, but in absolute terms levels of implementation were low. CONCLUSION: A training package promoting a brief, prescriptive approach to the treatment of @entity28 through lifestyle modification, intended to be incorporated into routine clinical practice, did not ultimately affect the weight of this motivated and at risk cohort of @entity1 .

title: Improving management of XXXX in primary care: cluster randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative contribution of general practices (GPs) to the diagnosis of @entity1047 and gonorrhoea in England and whether treatment complied with national guidelines. DESIGN: Analysis of longitudinal electronic health records in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and national @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) surveillance databases, England, 2000-2011. SETTING: GPs, and community and specialist @entity2953 services. @entity1 : @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1047 (n=1,386,169) and gonorrhoea (n=232,720) at CPRD GPs, and community and specialist @entity2953 Services from 2000-2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers and rates of @entity1047 and gonorrhoea diagnoses; percentages of @entity1 diagnosed by GPs relative to other services; percentage of GP @entity1 treated and antimicrobials used; percentage of GP @entity1 referred. RESULTS: The diagnosis rate (95% CI) per 100,000 population of @entity1047 in GP increased from 22.8 (22.4-23.2) in 2000 to 29.3 (28.8-29.7) in 2011 (p<0.001), while the proportion treated increased from 59.5% to 78.4% (p=0.001). Over 90% were prescribed a recommended antimicrobial. Over the same period, the diagnosis rate (95% CI) per 100,000 population of gonorrhoea in GP ranged between 3.2 (3-3.3) and 2.4 (2.2-2.5; p=0.607), and the proportion treated ranged between 32.7% and 53.6% (p=0.262). Despite being discontinued as a recommended therapy for gonorrhoea in 2005, @entity2177 accounted for 42% of prescriptions in 2007 and 20% in 2011. Over the study period, GPs diagnosed between 9% and 16% of @entity1047 cases and between 6% and 9% of gonorrhoea cases in England. CONCLUSIONS: GP makes an important contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial STIs in England. While most @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1047 were managed appropriately, many of those treated for gonorrhoea received antimicrobials no longer recommended for use. Given the global threat of antimicrobial resistance, GPs should remain abreast of national treatment guidelines and alert to treatment failure in their @entity1 .

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX and gonorrhoea in general practice in England 2000-2011: a population-based study using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STI', 'sexually transmitted infection']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['chlamydia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate in a prospective, multicenter setting the long-term effectiveness of @entity2636 stents in the percutaneous management of @entity9467 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 (n = 426; age range, 19-88 years, mean, 48; 91 @entity1 , 335 @entity1 ) with severe @entity9467 had stents (470 eyes/496 stents) inserted to treat unilateral or bilateral and complete or partial obstruction of the nasolacrimal system. The etiology of the obstruction was idiopathic in 280 cases (59.5%) and @entity4578 in 190 (40.4%). The stent set designed by Song was used in all @entity1 , and the original technique was slightly modified by us and conducted on an outpatient basis. RESULTS: The initial technical success rate of stent placement was 95%. The average time of the procedure was 6 minutes (range, 3-70). @entity9467 was complete in 452 eyes and partial in 18. On follow-up (mean, 24 months; range, 1 week to 67 months), 340 of 496 stents remained patent (68.5%). Segregating primary patency by year of follow-up, the rates were 75.6%, 68.4%, 64.8%, 60.1%, and 59.2% in the first, second, third, fourth, and the current (67 months) years, respectively. Minor complications such as moderate @entity158 (21 cases), @entity1415 (75 cases), palpebral @entity4 and @entity1410 (31 cases), and @entity10 (four cases) and two acute @entity4578 events were recorded. Of the 156 obstructed stents, 114 were withdrawn, and 49 of these @entity1 remained asymptomatic for a mean of 27 months (secondary patency, 31.4%). After stent removal, the sac configuration was unchanged in 93 (81.5%), contracted in 11 (9.6%), and widened in 10 (8.8%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: The procedure is simple and safe, both in stent insertion and in withdrawal when occluded. The success rate was >75% in the short term and >55% in the long term. Although not totally without concerns, the technique is attractive for most @entity1 who prefer not to undergo surgery or are unsuitable surgical candidates. Stent failure does not preclude subsequent treatment options and is an excellent first-line treatment of @entity9467 .

title: XXXX with nasolacrimal stents: results of long-term follow-up in a multicenter prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity9467 :: ('MESH:D007766', 'Disease') :: ['epiphora', 'Resolution of epiphora']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

entities_list: @entity4578 :: ('MESH:D003607', 'Disease') :: ['dacryocystitis', 'chronic dacryocystitis']

answer: @entity9467 :: (MESH:D007766,Disease) :: ['Resolution of epiphora']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report is presented. OBJECTIVES: To present a very rare case of orally ingested sex hormone pills inducing nondurally attached @entity1653 in the lumbosacral region. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1653 are known to enlarge in response to female sex hormones. At this writing, few cases of nondurally based @entity1653 have been reported. Moreover, @entity1653 in the lumbosacral region are very rare. @entity1653 predominantly arise in the fourth to sixth decades of life and are more common in @entity1 . METHODS: The @entity1 was a 20-year-old @entity1 . She had undergone oral sex @entity134 therapy for long-term @entity2589 . The @entity1 complained of intolerable lumbago and numbness in her buttocks. Nonopioid analgesics did not relieve her @entity158 , and she was unable to walk without the aid of a walker. Radiography disclosed a @entity5 . RESULTS: Complete @entity5 was performed. The @entity5 was not adherent to the dura, and its appearance was that of a typical @entity808 . However, the pathologic diagnosis was @entity1653 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 in the reported case may have enlarged in response to orally ingested sex @entity134 pills. Nondural @entity1653 are quite uncommon. The gross appearance of the @entity5 during surgery was typical of @entity808 . All the cases reported so far, including the current case, have involved @entity5 located in the lumbosacral region. Care must be taken in the management of @entity5 because @entity5 resembling @entity808 may in fact represent @entity1653 , some subtypes of which possess a high rate of recurrence.

title: A rare case of lumbosacral meningioma: nondural attachment and possible enlargement by orally administered sex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurilemmoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'removal of the tumor', 'lumbosacral intradural tumor', 'lumbosacral intradural tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas', 'intradural meningioma', 'Spinal meningiomas', 'attachment intradural meningiomas', 'meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity2589 :: ('MESH:D009839', 'Disease') :: ['oligomenorrhea']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative placement of self-expanding metal stents is used in @entity1 with obstructing @entity694 to prevent an emergency operation. The perceived benefits remain the subject of discussion. The data-evaluating function and complications of stents in relation to radiological position are limited. METHODS: @entity1 receiving a preoperative stent between 2003 and 2013 were retrospectively analysed in this single-centre study. We analysed radiological deployment, eccentricity and angulation of the stent directly after placement. Endpoints were clinical success (resolution of @entity2616 ), complications needing non-elective surgery (blow-out, perforation, persistent @entity2616 , dislocation) and other complications ( @entity548 , infiltrate). Associations were corrected for other potential influences. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity1 were included. In 22 @entity1 (26.8%), the stent was placed proximal to the @entity4558 . Clinical success was present in 85.4%. Twenty-two @entity1 (26.8%) had a complication of which 16 (19.5%) underwent urgent surgery for insufficient functioning of the stent; there were two blow-outs (2.4%). A more symmetrically placed stent was associated with clinical success (p = 0.042), with large overlap between groups. However, no association was found with non-elective surgery or complications. Also, angulation and deployment were unassociated with these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: We could not establish an association between symmetry, angulation or deployment of self-expandable colonic stents with clinical success and complications.

title: Radiological Position and Clinical Outcome of Preoperative Self-Expanding Metal Stents for Obstructing XXXX : A Single-Centre Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colonic Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Remote @entity63 conditioning has been shown to protect against @entity8 in animal and @entity1 studies of @entity63 -reperfusion. Recent evidence suggests that conditioning may also provide protection against @entity8 caused by contrast medium. The purpose of this study was to determine if conditioning protected against increases in serum @entity1011 (SCr) after contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). METHODS: A randomised controlled trial (NCT 01741896) was performed with institutional review board approval and informed @entity1 consent. Adult in- @entity1 undergoing abdomino-pelvic CECT were allocated to conditioned or control groups. Conditioning consisted of four cycles of five minutes of cuff-induced arm @entity63 with three minutes of reperfusion applied ~40 minutes before CECT. The primary outcome was SCr change after CECT. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. For all @entity1 , conditioning reduced the risk ratio (RR) of increased SCr; RR 0.65 (95% confidence intervals 0.41 to 1.04). The protective effect was greater and the evidence for protection stronger when analysis was restricted to @entity1 with pre-scan reduced renal function ( @entity470 .

title: Remote XXXX conditioning and renal function after contrast-enhanced CT scan: A randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Remodeling of the extracellular matrix seems to be a crucial event in the pathogenesis of @entity438 . Matrix metalloproteinases are the most important degrading enzymes in the extracellular matrix. Their activity is controlled predominantly by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). To investigate the possible impact of genetic variants within the genes encoding @entity34189 , we conducted this case-control study. METHODS: A study sample was analyzed that comprised 44 @entity1 with @entity438 and 44, 41, and 40 controls for the analysis of @entity34189 , respectively. Differences in genotype and allele frequencies of identified polymorphisms were determined. The entire coding regions and parts of the promoter sequences of the @entity34189 genes were with using the automated laser fluorescence technique. RESULTS: Nine polymorphisms were identified, 3 located in @entity2843 ( @entity70553 , @entity70554 , @entity70555 ), 4 in @entity1552 ( @entity70556 , @entity70557 , @entity70558 , @entity70559 ), and 2 in @entity8111 ( @entity70560 , @entity70554 ), whereas @entity70556 , @entity70557 , and @entity70558 of the @entity1552 gene are newly identified polymorphisms. We detected no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in any of the groups. The C allele of the @entity70555 polymorphism was more frequently found in female than in male controls (exact nominal P=0.0012). However, this finding could not be validated by analysis of a second sample of 113 controls (exact nominal P=1.0000). There were no differences in genotype and allele frequencies between any of the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis of the entire coding region of 3 TIMPs, which are the main inhibitors of metalloproteinase activity in the extracellular matrix, failed to show an association between genetic polymorphisms and an @entity438 . These data do not support the hypothesis that genetic variants within these genes have an impact on @entity439 development in the white population.

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -3 polymorphisms in a white population with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'cerebral aneurysms', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2728 is a unique wake-promoting agent that is chemically distinct from traditional stimulants. Results of a placebo-controlled study showed it to improve @entity1295 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) at a dose of 200 mg daily, but not at a dose of 400 mg daily. OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy, safety and appropriate dose of @entity2728 in the treatment of @entity25 in @entity1 with @entity15 . METHOD: A total of 50 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity15 (mean age 40.4 +/- 10.3 years, 30 females/20 males; @entity15 type: 36 relapsing remitting, 1 primary progressive, 13 secondary progressive; mean disability level 3.8 +/- 1.5 on the Kurtzke EDSS) and complaining of chronic @entity1295 were enrolled in a prospective 3-month, two-center, open-label study. Efficacy was evaluated with the @entity3777 ( @entity3777 , score range 0-42), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS, score range 0-24) and by subjective @entity1 appraisal of change of @entity1295 , quality of life and overall satisfaction with treatment. Adverse effects (AEs) were recorded throughout the study. Treatment was started with a single daily dose of 100 mg in all @entity1 . In non-responders the dose was increased by 100 mg increments up to a maximum daily dose of 400 mg. RESULTS: Three @entity1 discontinued @entity2728 because of AEs (nervousness, @entity1296 ). Two @entity1 (4 %) were treated with 50 mg, 25 (50 %) with 100 mg, 21 (42 %) with 200 mg and 2 (4 %) with 300 mg daily. No @entity1 required 400 mg daily. Mean @entity3777 scores were 30.3 +/- 8.5 at baseline and 25.4 +/- 3.7 at 3 months (p < 0.0001). Mean ESS scores were 9.7 +/- 3.9 at baseline and 4.9 +/- 2.9 at 3 months (p < 0.0001). Self-appraisal of change of @entity1295 showed clear improvement in 41 @entity1 (87.2 %), some improvement in 4 (8.5 %) and no change in 2 (4.3 %). Overall clinical condition was clearly improved in 43 @entity1 (91.5 %), somewhat improved in 1 @entity1 (2.1 %), and unchanged in 3 @entity1 (6.4 %). No @entity1 reported worsening of overall clinical condition. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity2728 significantly improves @entity25 and is well tolerated by @entity1 with @entity15 . Unlike the higher dose regimen required in @entity2724 , a low-dose regimen of @entity2728 is effective in @entity15 .

title: XXXX in treatment of @entity1295 in @entity15 . Results of an open-label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3777 :: ('MESH:D005222', 'Disease') :: ['Fatigue Severity Scale', 'FSS']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity2728 :: ('MESH:C048833', 'Chemical') :: ['Modafinil', 'modafinil']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue and sleepiness']

answer: @entity2728 :: (MESH:C048833,Chemical) :: ['Modafinil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2728 is a unique wake-promoting agent that is chemically distinct from traditional stimulants. Results of a placebo-controlled study showed it to improve @entity1295 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) at a dose of 200 mg daily, but not at a dose of 400 mg daily. OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy, safety and appropriate dose of @entity2728 in the treatment of @entity25 in @entity1 with @entity15 . METHOD: A total of 50 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity15 (mean age 40.4 +/- 10.3 years, 30 females/20 males; @entity15 type: 36 relapsing remitting, 1 primary progressive, 13 secondary progressive; mean disability level 3.8 +/- 1.5 on the Kurtzke EDSS) and complaining of chronic @entity1295 were enrolled in a prospective 3-month, two-center, open-label study. Efficacy was evaluated with the @entity3777 ( @entity3777 , score range 0-42), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS, score range 0-24) and by subjective @entity1 appraisal of change of @entity1295 , quality of life and overall satisfaction with treatment. Adverse effects (AEs) were recorded throughout the study. Treatment was started with a single daily dose of 100 mg in all @entity1 . In non-responders the dose was increased by 100 mg increments up to a maximum daily dose of 400 mg. RESULTS: Three @entity1 discontinued @entity2728 because of AEs (nervousness, @entity1296 ). Two @entity1 (4 %) were treated with 50 mg, 25 (50 %) with 100 mg, 21 (42 %) with 200 mg and 2 (4 %) with 300 mg daily. No @entity1 required 400 mg daily. Mean @entity3777 scores were 30.3 +/- 8.5 at baseline and 25.4 +/- 3.7 at 3 months (p < 0.0001). Mean ESS scores were 9.7 +/- 3.9 at baseline and 4.9 +/- 2.9 at 3 months (p < 0.0001). Self-appraisal of change of @entity1295 showed clear improvement in 41 @entity1 (87.2 %), some improvement in 4 (8.5 %) and no change in 2 (4.3 %). Overall clinical condition was clearly improved in 43 @entity1 (91.5 %), somewhat improved in 1 @entity1 (2.1 %), and unchanged in 3 @entity1 (6.4 %). No @entity1 reported worsening of overall clinical condition. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity2728 significantly improves @entity25 and is well tolerated by @entity1 with @entity15 . Unlike the higher dose regimen required in @entity2724 , a low-dose regimen of @entity2728 is effective in @entity15 .

title: @entity2728 in treatment of XXXX in @entity15 . Results of an open-label study.

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2728 is a unique wake-promoting agent that is chemically distinct from traditional stimulants. Results of a placebo-controlled study showed it to improve @entity1295 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) at a dose of 200 mg daily, but not at a dose of 400 mg daily. OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy, safety and appropriate dose of @entity2728 in the treatment of @entity25 in @entity1 with @entity15 . METHOD: A total of 50 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity15 (mean age 40.4 +/- 10.3 years, 30 females/20 males; @entity15 type: 36 relapsing remitting, 1 primary progressive, 13 secondary progressive; mean disability level 3.8 +/- 1.5 on the Kurtzke EDSS) and complaining of chronic @entity1295 were enrolled in a prospective 3-month, two-center, open-label study. Efficacy was evaluated with the @entity3777 ( @entity3777 , score range 0-42), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS, score range 0-24) and by subjective @entity1 appraisal of change of @entity1295 , quality of life and overall satisfaction with treatment. Adverse effects (AEs) were recorded throughout the study. Treatment was started with a single daily dose of 100 mg in all @entity1 . In non-responders the dose was increased by 100 mg increments up to a maximum daily dose of 400 mg. RESULTS: Three @entity1 discontinued @entity2728 because of AEs (nervousness, @entity1296 ). Two @entity1 (4 %) were treated with 50 mg, 25 (50 %) with 100 mg, 21 (42 %) with 200 mg and 2 (4 %) with 300 mg daily. No @entity1 required 400 mg daily. Mean @entity3777 scores were 30.3 +/- 8.5 at baseline and 25.4 +/- 3.7 at 3 months (p < 0.0001). Mean ESS scores were 9.7 +/- 3.9 at baseline and 4.9 +/- 2.9 at 3 months (p < 0.0001). Self-appraisal of change of @entity1295 showed clear improvement in 41 @entity1 (87.2 %), some improvement in 4 (8.5 %) and no change in 2 (4.3 %). Overall clinical condition was clearly improved in 43 @entity1 (91.5 %), somewhat improved in 1 @entity1 (2.1 %), and unchanged in 3 @entity1 (6.4 %). No @entity1 reported worsening of overall clinical condition. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity2728 significantly improves @entity25 and is well tolerated by @entity1 with @entity15 . Unlike the higher dose regimen required in @entity2724 , a low-dose regimen of @entity2728 is effective in @entity15 .

title: @entity2728 in treatment of @entity1295 in XXXX . Results of an open-label study.

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Complications in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) seem less common than they were years ago. The prevalence and progression of @entity1347 (aAASs), vertical subluxations (VSs), subaxial subluxations (SASs), and associated cervical @entity602 in @entity309 over the past 50 years were determined. METHODS: A literature search was performed by using Medline-OVID/EMBASE, PubMed, and Scopus (from 1960 to June 21, 2014). Prevalence studies were included if the sample size was at least 100 or the prevalence/progression of cervical subluxations was reported. Study quality was assessed by using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. Prevalence of cervical subluxations was calculated for each study. Student's t test and meta-regression were used to evaluate for significance. RESULTS: In total, 12,249 citations were identified and 59 studies were included. The prevalence of aAAS decreased from 36% (95% confidence interval (CI) 30% to 42%) before the 1980s to 24% (95% CI 13% to 36%) in the 2000s (P = 0.04). The overall prevalence rates were 11% (95% CI 10% to 19%) for VS, 13% (95% CI 12% to 20%) for SAS, and 5% (95% CI 3% to 9%) for cervical @entity602 , and there were no significant temporal changes. Rates of progression of aAAS, VS, and SAS were 4, 6, and 3 lesions per 100 @entity1 per year, respectively. The incidence of new or progressive cervical @entity602 was 2 cases per 100 @entity1 with known cervical subluxations per year. CONCLUSIONS: Since the 1960s, only aAAS has decreased dramatically. It is still more than twice as common as VS or SAS. No temporal changes in the development of cervical @entity602 in affected @entity1 with @entity309 were noted. The progression rates of cervical subluxations and @entity602 were unchanged over time.

title: Cervical spine involvement in XXXX over time: results from a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior atlantoaxial subluxations']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find the prevalence of @entity409 in @entity1 with @entity15 and to examine the relationship between the @entity409 and various parameters of the disease (disease severity, disease duration, lesion site, age and sex). METHODS: Using the International prostate symptom score, lower urinary tract symptoms were quantitatively evaluated in all @entity1 with @entity15 who had visited our neurological department during three months. The lesion site in the central nervous system was determined by a combination of neurological and magnetic resonance imaging findings. RESULTS: Of the 47 @entity1 who had completed the questionnaire, 25 (53 %) were considered to have symptomatic @entity409 . Even at early stage of the disability, 6 of 19 (32 %) @entity1 were symptomatic. Eight (17 %) @entity1 had irritative urinary symptoms alone, whereas 9 (19 %) @entity1 had obstructive urinary symptoms alone. The irritative and obstructive symptoms were concomitant in 10 (21 %) @entity1 . Compared with reports from Western countries, the ratio of obstructive symptoms to @entity146 was high in Japan. The degree of @entity146 was well correlated with the disease severity, whereas the correlation of obstructive symptoms with the disease severity was less significant. Irritative symptoms also showed a weak correlation with the disease duration, but obstructive symptoms did not. Among the lesion sites in the central nervous system, only the presence of the @entity602 was related to the degree of urinary symptoms. Urinary symptoms were not significantly influenced by the age or the sex. Quality of life was disturbed by urinary symptoms, and this disturbance paralleled the disease severity. CONCLUSION: Urinary symptoms, especially @entity146 , reflect the condition of the disease. Thus, the quantified urinary symptoms may assist neurological diagnosis.

title: Relationship between urinary symptoms and disease-related parameters in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritative symptoms']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord lesion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fatigue is a common symptom in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 , even early in the disease, but the pathophysiology remains unclear. We aimed to determine morphologic and microstructural correlates and neuropsychological @entity73 in early relapsing-remitting @entity15 @entity1 . METHODS: Seventy-nine early relapsing-remitting @entity15 @entity1 (38 with @entity1295 and 41 without), none of whom suffered from @entity308 , underwent neuropsychological testing. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed using anatomical and diffusion tensor imaging sequences on all @entity1 and 40 controls. Voxel-based morphologic analysis and tract-based spatial statistics were performed. RESULTS: Only @entity1 with cognitive @entity1295 , but not those without, exhibited alterations in the thalamic region, showing reduced thalamic fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity values. No differences in lesion volume and lesion distribution were observed between @entity1 groups. In cognitive tests, no significant differences were found between the two groups in the number of @entity1 with pathologic scores; however, subjective @entity73 differed. CONCLUSION: Morphological alterations and distinct microstructural changes (mainly in the thalamus) but not typical @entity15 were found to be related to cognitive @entity15 . We suggest that compensatory processes adapting to these changes could initially facilitate normal cognitive performance, but also result in a feeling of @entity1295 . KEY POINTS:     Morphological alterations and microstructural changes are related to @entity1295 in @entity15     Thalamic alterations in particular were related to @entity15     Fatigued @entity1 exhibited subjective but not measurable @entity73     Compensatory processes help preserve or maintain cognitive performance but also contribute to @entity1295 .

title: Structural correlates for @entity1295 in early relapsing remitting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'parameters of cognitive fatigue']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'fatigue in early MS', 'multiple sclerosis', 'MS lesions']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fatigue is a common symptom in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 , even early in the disease, but the pathophysiology remains unclear. We aimed to determine morphologic and microstructural correlates and neuropsychological @entity73 in early relapsing-remitting @entity15 @entity1 . METHODS: Seventy-nine early relapsing-remitting @entity15 @entity1 (38 with @entity1295 and 41 without), none of whom suffered from @entity308 , underwent neuropsychological testing. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed using anatomical and diffusion tensor imaging sequences on all @entity1 and 40 controls. Voxel-based morphologic analysis and tract-based spatial statistics were performed. RESULTS: Only @entity1 with cognitive @entity1295 , but not those without, exhibited alterations in the thalamic region, showing reduced thalamic fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity values. No differences in lesion volume and lesion distribution were observed between @entity1 groups. In cognitive tests, no significant differences were found between the two groups in the number of @entity1 with pathologic scores; however, subjective @entity73 differed. CONCLUSION: Morphological alterations and distinct microstructural changes (mainly in the thalamus) but not typical @entity15 were found to be related to cognitive @entity15 . We suggest that compensatory processes adapting to these changes could initially facilitate normal cognitive performance, but also result in a feeling of @entity1295 . KEY POINTS:     Morphological alterations and microstructural changes are related to @entity1295 in @entity15     Thalamic alterations in particular were related to @entity15     Fatigued @entity1 exhibited subjective but not measurable @entity73     Compensatory processes help preserve or maintain cognitive performance but also contribute to @entity1295 .

title: Structural correlates for XXXX in early relapsing remitting @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity410 (CRF), a strong predictor of mortality, is impaired among cancer @entity1 . There is limited data, however, regarding CRF levels in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 . METHODS: We compared CRF among ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer cases (n=89) to age-matched controls (n=89) in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study (CCLS). CRF was evaluated by a maximal treadmill exercise tolerance test using a modified-Balke protocol. Conditional logistic regression was used to test for case-control differences in @entity410 , after controlling for age and body mass index, and adhering to the matched pairs design. RESULTS: The mean ages of cancer cases and controls were 50.9 years and 51.1 years, respectively (p=0.81). Peak METs (1 MET=3.5 mL kg(-1)min(-1)) were 9.2    2.0 in cancer cases compared to 10.0    2.2 in controls (p=0.03). When stratifying by type of cancer, peak METs were 8.9    2.2, 8.4    1.9, 9.5    2.0 for @entity1 with ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer, respectively. A gynecological cancer diagnosis was associated with greater odds of having 1-MET lower CRF compared to controls (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05-1.64, p=0.018), after controlling for age and BMI. CONCLUSION: Gynecologic cancer survivors were more likely to have a 1-MET lower CRF than controls. Given a 1-MET change in CRF is associated with a significant, we advocate for more robust research regarding CRF in gynecologic cancer @entity1 .

title: XXXX in survivors of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiorespiratory fitness', 'cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancers']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Cardiorespiratory fitness']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate diffusion-weighted MR imaging in @entity521 . We prospectively examined seven @entity1 (age range 1-3 years) with seven solid body @entity521 . Diagnosis was established histologically. Diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence was performed in all @entity1 , with a repetition time of 5400 ms and an echo time of 103 ms, and with a b-value of 1000 s/mm(2). The contrast of @entity5 tissue depicted with T2-weighted images and diffusion-weighted images were evaluated by means of region-of-interest measurements and a calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was done. The ADC calculation showed a mean ADC of 1.1x10(-3) (SD 0.14x10(-3), range 0.9-1.2x10(-3)) mm(2)/s of all @entity5 . Diffusion-weighted images showed an increased @entity5 signal. Water proton diffusion within the @entity5 matrix of @entity521 is especially restricted by the molecular and macromolecular barriers due to the very dense structure of this @entity5 tissue. We hypothesize that high nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio of @entity521 cells limits intracellular motion. Furthermore, the very densely packed @entity5 cells inhibit effective motion of extracellular water protons. @entity11535 leads to a reduction in the rate of apparent diffusion and to a marked increase in signal on diffusion-weighted EPI MR images.

title: MRI-diffusion imaging of XXXX : first results and correlation to histology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['Restricted proton motion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas', 'neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastomas']


abstract: The effect of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) exposure on extraembryonic vascular development was examined using the @entity1573 embryo area vasculosa (AV) in shell-less culture. Embryos were placed in cultures at Hamburger Hamilton (HH) stage 11/12 and a single dose of @entity167 (10, 30 or 50%) was applied to the center of the blastodisc. Untreated/ @entity2827 -treated controls showed normal embryonic growth and well-developed extraembryonic vessels at 24/48 h of treatment. At doses of 30 and 50%, the mortality rate was significantly increased, and survivors demonstrated significant @entity851 and inhibition of normal vascular development in a dose-dependent manner. Immunostaining for @entity35320 ( @entity35320 ) showed that mesenchymal cells continued to differentiate into angioblasts to form blood islands, but their assembly into primitive vessels was perturbed in a dose-dependent manner. Northern blot analyses of basic fibroblast growth factor, @entity35320 , @entity46455 and @entity35319 mRNA expression supported these findings and showed a dose-dependent decrease in @entity167 -treated cultures compared to controls. Co-treatment with @entity1881 (0.05 M) or @entity1968 (10(-8) M) significantly decreased the mortality rate and improved both embryonic growth and extraembryonic vascular development in the cultures. On the other hand, almost all embryos treated with 10% @entity167 survived the first 48 h after treatment. However, the complexity of the vascular tree measured as the relative vasculogenesis index, the surface area of the AV and the mRNA expression of vasculogenic molecules were increased during the first 24 h. This acute effect disappeared 48 h after treatment and the vascular tree continued to develop parallel to the controls. No significant @entity851 was observed in this group. These results suggest that, in terms of extraembryonic vascular development, an early, single, low-dose @entity167 exposure may have an acute, short-term positive effect, whereas moderate- or high-dose @entity167 exposure may severely perturb this process disabling the necessary absorption of the nutrients for the embryo to develop properly. The mechanisms of action of @entity167 on extraembryonic vascular development may involve the establishment of reactive @entity26 species, resulting in the initiation of oxidative stress and perturbation of @entity1968 signaling and alterations in the expression of growth-regulatory vasculogenic factors and their receptors.

title: The effect of @entity1068 exposure on extraembryonic vascular development in the XXXX area vasculosa.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity35320 :: ('395909(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium-chloride']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans-retinoic acid', 'retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']