abstract: BACKGROUND: One hypothesis to explain the high rate of @entity1239 and @entity167 ( @entity1068 [ @entity167 ]) co-abuse is that these drugs have enhanced rewarding effects when taken together. The goal of this work was to use the conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure to determine whether @entity1239 would enhance the development of @entity167 -induced CPP. METHODS: The conditioned rewarding effects of @entity1239 (1 or 2  mg/kg of @entity1239 tartrate), @entity167 (1  g/kg), and @entity1239 plus @entity167 in combination were assessed using a well-established CPP procedure chosen specifically for examining alterations in the development of @entity167 -induced CPP by @entity1239 . In addition, the reference dose procedure was used to directly compare the conditioned rewarding effect of @entity167 versus @entity1239 plus @entity167 . DBA/2J @entity19 were used because they are an inbred strain that has repeatedly been shown to develop CPP to @entity167 . RESULTS: Neither dose of @entity1239 alone produced CPP, whereas @entity167 did, using the standard @entity167 CPP procedure. The magnitude of @entity167 -induced CPP was not affected by co-administration of 1  mg/kg @entity1239 , but 2  mg/kg @entity1239 interfered with the development of @entity167 -induced CPP. Using the reference dose procedure, there was no significant preference or aversion for either @entity1239  +  @entity167 dose combination versus @entity167 alone. However, combined @entity1239 and @entity167 had a larger effect on locomotor activity, during the conditioning trials, compared to their additive effect when given alone, consistent with previous data. CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support the hypothesis that @entity1239 enhances the conditioned rewarding effect of @entity167 . This finding differs from the combined locomotor stimulant effects of @entity1239 and @entity167 that were observed in this study and in our previously published work, and suggests that combined stimulant effects of @entity1239 and @entity167 do not predict enhanced reward.

title: @entity1239 enhances the locomotor stimulating but not the conditioned rewarding effect of @entity1068 in DBA/2J XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the estimated 10-year risk of @entity64 among @entity101 outpatients known with @entity6 from cardiovascular clinics of 36 tertiary hospitals in China and to analyze the characteristics of the risk factors and the 10-year risk of @entity64 between the southern and the northern @entity1 . METHODS: A multi-center prevalence survey was conducted from October 2011 to June 2012. @entity101 outpatients known with @entity6 were enrolled from cardiovascular clinics of 36 tertiary hospitals in China. A total of 15 914 outpatients were included in the final analysis. The 10-year probability of @entity64 was evaluated by the Framingham @entity64 risk profile. According to the 10-year probability of @entity64 , @entity1 were divided into low risk (  <= 5%), medium risk (6%   9%) and high risk ( >=  10%). RESULTS: (1) Of all the @entity101 outpatients known with @entity6 , the mean age was (64.6    10.1) years and the mean systolic pressure was (138.7    19.3) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). Among them, 7.4% with @entity955 , 11.2% with @entity4346 , 57.2% with @entity65 , 17.1% smokers and 37.0% using mono-hypoglycemic agent. The southern @entity1 who were older with more smokers had higher proportions of @entity1 and @entity4346 , lower levels of systolic blood pressure, and lower proportions of other @entity65 than those of the northern @entity1 ( all P < 0.05). (2) The mean 10-year probability of @entity64 was (20.9    16.2) %. The southern @entity1 had a higher mean 10-year probability of @entity64 than that of the northern @entity1 [(22.4    17.1) % vs (19.7    15.2) %] (P < 0.01) . After adjusted by age and sex, the southern @entity1 still had a higher mean 10-year probability of @entity64 (P < 0.05) . (3) All the @entity1 had 7.7% with low risk, 17.4% with medium risk, and 74.9% with high risk. The southern @entity1 had lower proportions of low and medium risk than those of the northern @entity1 (6.7% vs 8.4%, 15.5% vs 18.9%), but had a higher proportion of high risk than that of the northern @entity1 (77.7% vs 72.7%, all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Among the @entity101 outpatients known with @entity6 from the cardiovascular clinics of our study, most of them were at the 10-year high risk of @entity64 . The southern @entity1 had a higher mean 10-year probability of @entity64 than that of the northern @entity1 .

title: [The 10-year XXXX risk in @entity101 outpatients combined with @entity6 in cardiovascular clinics of 36 tertiary hospitals in China].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the estimated 10-year risk of @entity64 among @entity101 outpatients known with @entity6 from cardiovascular clinics of 36 tertiary hospitals in China and to analyze the characteristics of the risk factors and the 10-year risk of @entity64 between the southern and the northern @entity1 . METHODS: A multi-center prevalence survey was conducted from October 2011 to June 2012. @entity101 outpatients known with @entity6 were enrolled from cardiovascular clinics of 36 tertiary hospitals in China. A total of 15 914 outpatients were included in the final analysis. The 10-year probability of @entity64 was evaluated by the Framingham @entity64 risk profile. According to the 10-year probability of @entity64 , @entity1 were divided into low risk (  <= 5%), medium risk (6%   9%) and high risk ( >=  10%). RESULTS: (1) Of all the @entity101 outpatients known with @entity6 , the mean age was (64.6    10.1) years and the mean systolic pressure was (138.7    19.3) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). Among them, 7.4% with @entity955 , 11.2% with @entity4346 , 57.2% with @entity65 , 17.1% smokers and 37.0% using mono-hypoglycemic agent. The southern @entity1 who were older with more smokers had higher proportions of @entity1 and @entity4346 , lower levels of systolic blood pressure, and lower proportions of other @entity65 than those of the northern @entity1 ( all P < 0.05). (2) The mean 10-year probability of @entity64 was (20.9    16.2) %. The southern @entity1 had a higher mean 10-year probability of @entity64 than that of the northern @entity1 [(22.4    17.1) % vs (19.7    15.2) %] (P < 0.01) . After adjusted by age and sex, the southern @entity1 still had a higher mean 10-year probability of @entity64 (P < 0.05) . (3) All the @entity1 had 7.7% with low risk, 17.4% with medium risk, and 74.9% with high risk. The southern @entity1 had lower proportions of low and medium risk than those of the northern @entity1 (6.7% vs 8.4%, 15.5% vs 18.9%), but had a higher proportion of high risk than that of the northern @entity1 (77.7% vs 72.7%, all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Among the @entity101 outpatients known with @entity6 from the cardiovascular clinics of our study, most of them were at the 10-year high risk of @entity64 . The southern @entity1 had a higher mean 10-year probability of @entity64 than that of the northern @entity1 .

title: [The 10-year @entity64 risk in XXXX outpatients combined with @entity6 in cardiovascular clinics of 36 tertiary hospitals in China].

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the estimated 10-year risk of @entity64 among @entity101 outpatients known with @entity6 from cardiovascular clinics of 36 tertiary hospitals in China and to analyze the characteristics of the risk factors and the 10-year risk of @entity64 between the southern and the northern @entity1 . METHODS: A multi-center prevalence survey was conducted from October 2011 to June 2012. @entity101 outpatients known with @entity6 were enrolled from cardiovascular clinics of 36 tertiary hospitals in China. A total of 15 914 outpatients were included in the final analysis. The 10-year probability of @entity64 was evaluated by the Framingham @entity64 risk profile. According to the 10-year probability of @entity64 , @entity1 were divided into low risk (  <= 5%), medium risk (6%   9%) and high risk ( >=  10%). RESULTS: (1) Of all the @entity101 outpatients known with @entity6 , the mean age was (64.6    10.1) years and the mean systolic pressure was (138.7    19.3) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). Among them, 7.4% with @entity955 , 11.2% with @entity4346 , 57.2% with @entity65 , 17.1% smokers and 37.0% using mono-hypoglycemic agent. The southern @entity1 who were older with more smokers had higher proportions of @entity1 and @entity4346 , lower levels of systolic blood pressure, and lower proportions of other @entity65 than those of the northern @entity1 ( all P < 0.05). (2) The mean 10-year probability of @entity64 was (20.9    16.2) %. The southern @entity1 had a higher mean 10-year probability of @entity64 than that of the northern @entity1 [(22.4    17.1) % vs (19.7    15.2) %] (P < 0.01) . After adjusted by age and sex, the southern @entity1 still had a higher mean 10-year probability of @entity64 (P < 0.05) . (3) All the @entity1 had 7.7% with low risk, 17.4% with medium risk, and 74.9% with high risk. The southern @entity1 had lower proportions of low and medium risk than those of the northern @entity1 (6.7% vs 8.4%, 15.5% vs 18.9%), but had a higher proportion of high risk than that of the northern @entity1 (77.7% vs 72.7%, all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Among the @entity101 outpatients known with @entity6 from the cardiovascular clinics of our study, most of them were at the 10-year high risk of @entity64 . The southern @entity1 had a higher mean 10-year probability of @entity64 than that of the northern @entity1 .

title: [The 10-year @entity64 risk in @entity101 outpatients combined with XXXX in cardiovascular clinics of 36 tertiary hospitals in China].

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Experimental @entity2679 was induced by implanting gallstones from @entity1 beings into the gallbladder of the cat. Three months later the concentrating function of the gallbladder, the motility, and hepatic bile flow were studied by a perfusion technique in the anesthetized animal. Gallbladder function was correlated to morphologic changes. After 3 months, the cystic duct was patent in nine animals and bile was found in the gallbladder. In 17 animals the cystic duct was obstructed and colorless contents were found in the gallbladder. Animals with a patent cystic duct showed slight or moderate @entity32 and intact concentrating activity in the gallbladder, whereas animals with obstructed animals had pronounced @entity32 and continuous fluid "secretion" into the lumen. Both groups had increased bile outflow from the liver. @entity3352 , a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, promptly reversed gallbladder fluid "secretion" into absorption and reduced the increased bile flow to a normal level. These results are discussed in relation to clinical findings in @entity1 . A mechanism by which @entity2918 are responsible for the inflammatory gallbladder "secretion" and the increased bile flow from the liver is proposed.

title: Gallbladder function in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the value of different follow-up methods for the detection of first recurrence in @entity706 @entity1 in first complete remission (CR), and to find reasonable long-term follow-up strategies. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 277 @entity706 @entity1 who achieved CR after first-line therapies and subsequently relapsed. All @entity1 were divided into routine surveillance imaging group (group A) and irregular imaging follow-up visit group (group B). To compare the two groups of @entity1 with @entity5 burden ( @entity5 diameter and number of @entity5 invasion areas) at the time of relapse, and the number of imaging scans before the relapse. To analyze the main ways of finding @entity706 in the two groups. RESULTS: Among a total of 277 @entity1 , there were 187 @entity1 in the group A and 90 @entity1 in the group B. The @entity5 recurrence occurred in 120 cases (43.3%) within the first year, and 76 @entity1 (27.4%) in the second year. At the time of diagnosis of recurrence, the average maximum diameter of @entity5 in the groups A and B were (3.2    2.2) cm and (3.8    2.9) cm, respectively (P = 0.123). The two groups showed slight difference in number of @entity5 invasion areas (P = 0.050). At the time of diagnosis of recurrence, there were 3 of 121 @entity1 (2.5%) with maximum diameter of @entity5 more than 8 cm in the group A and 6 of 49 cases (12.2%) in the group B (P = 0.018). In the group A, the @entity1 had in average 4.9 times of imaging scans before recurrence, significantly more than the 0.22 times in the group B (P < 0.001). Among all @entity1 , the diagnosis of recurrence was based on imaging scans only in 59 @entity1 (21.3%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity706 @entity1 do not benefit from routine surveillance imaging to detect the @entity5 recurrence. It indicates that we should not rely solely on imaging examinations at follow-up visits, and should pay more attention on clinical signs and symptoms.

title: [Efficacy analysis of different follow-up methods in detecting first recurrence of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Most lymphoma', 'lymphoma relapse']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: Rapid endothelialization is important for biodegradable blood-contacting devices not only to prevent @entity715 but also to prevent degradation debris from entering the bloodstream and causing further complications. Here the authors report a three-step surface modification method, by which biomolecules, such as gelatin and chitosan, are covalently immobilized on the surface of plasma-treated @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ) via - @entity1473 groups introduced by @entity3678 grafting polymerization. Surface characterization techniques, including x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, and colorimetric methods for surface density of functional groups, proved the feasibility and stability of this surface modification method. Surface wettability was increased by biomolecules immobilization. The - @entity1473 surface density was measured to be 4.17  0.15    mol/cm(2), the and amount of gelatin immobilized was 4.8    g/cm(2). @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell was used during in vitro study at seeding density of 10(4)   cells/cm(2). @entity15274 -gAA-gelatin surface was found to enhance cell adhesion, spreading, focal adhesion formation, and proliferation significantly. Chitosan-modified @entity15274 shows marginally improvement in cell adhesion and proliferation. Endothelialization was achieved within 7 days on both modified @entity15274 surfaces. In conclusion, this work demonstrates the feasibility of the surface modification method, and its ability to promote complete endothelialization for cardiovascular applications.

title: Surface modification of XXXX with biomolecules to promote endothelialization.

entities_list: @entity3678 :: ('MESH:C036658', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylic acid']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(L-lactic acid)']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['poly(L-lactic acid)']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Unhealthy lifestyles predispose to @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ), which may further result in the development of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Although @entity7936 @entity1 benefit from physical activity, it is unknown whether regular exercise reduces the risk of developing @entity157 . Therefore, we studied the effect of regular exercise on the development of @entity157 in male hepatocyte-specific @entity2370 -deficient @entity19 (AlbCrePten(flox/flox)), which develop @entity1560 and @entity157 spontaneously. METHODS: @entity19 were fed a standardized 10% fat diet and were randomly divided into exercise or sedentary groups. The exercise group ran on a motorized treadmill for 60 minutes/day, 5 days/week during 32 weeks. RESULTS: After 32 weeks of regular exercise, 71% of exercised @entity19 developed nodules larger than 15 mm(3) vs 100% of @entity19 in the sedentary group. The mean number of @entity5 per liver was reduced by exercise, as well as the total tumoral volume per liver. Exercise did not affect @entity1560 and had no effect on the @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) Activity Score (NAS). Exercise decreased @entity5 cell proliferation. Mechanistically, exercise stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and its substrate raptor, which decreased the kinase activity of @entity3470 . CONCLUSIONS: These data show a benefit of regular exercise on the development of @entity157 in an experimental model of @entity7936 and offer a rationale for encouraging predisposed @entity1 to increase their physical activity for the prevention of @entity157 .

title: Regular exercise decreases liver tumors development in hepatocyte-specific XXXX -deficient @entity19 independently of @entity1560 .

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis', 'steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity2370 :: (19211(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PTEN']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Unhealthy lifestyles predispose to @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ), which may further result in the development of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Although @entity7936 @entity1 benefit from physical activity, it is unknown whether regular exercise reduces the risk of developing @entity157 . Therefore, we studied the effect of regular exercise on the development of @entity157 in male hepatocyte-specific @entity2370 -deficient @entity19 (AlbCrePten(flox/flox)), which develop @entity1560 and @entity157 spontaneously. METHODS: @entity19 were fed a standardized 10% fat diet and were randomly divided into exercise or sedentary groups. The exercise group ran on a motorized treadmill for 60 minutes/day, 5 days/week during 32 weeks. RESULTS: After 32 weeks of regular exercise, 71% of exercised @entity19 developed nodules larger than 15 mm(3) vs 100% of @entity19 in the sedentary group. The mean number of @entity5 per liver was reduced by exercise, as well as the total tumoral volume per liver. Exercise did not affect @entity1560 and had no effect on the @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) Activity Score (NAS). Exercise decreased @entity5 cell proliferation. Mechanistically, exercise stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and its substrate raptor, which decreased the kinase activity of @entity3470 . CONCLUSIONS: These data show a benefit of regular exercise on the development of @entity157 in an experimental model of @entity7936 and offer a rationale for encouraging predisposed @entity1 to increase their physical activity for the prevention of @entity157 .

title: Regular exercise decreases liver tumors development in hepatocyte-specific @entity2370 -deficient @entity19 independently of XXXX .

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['steatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Unhealthy lifestyles predispose to @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ), which may further result in the development of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Although @entity7936 @entity1 benefit from physical activity, it is unknown whether regular exercise reduces the risk of developing @entity157 . Therefore, we studied the effect of regular exercise on the development of @entity157 in male hepatocyte-specific @entity2370 -deficient @entity19 (AlbCrePten(flox/flox)), which develop @entity1560 and @entity157 spontaneously. METHODS: @entity19 were fed a standardized 10% fat diet and were randomly divided into exercise or sedentary groups. The exercise group ran on a motorized treadmill for 60 minutes/day, 5 days/week during 32 weeks. RESULTS: After 32 weeks of regular exercise, 71% of exercised @entity19 developed nodules larger than 15 mm(3) vs 100% of @entity19 in the sedentary group. The mean number of @entity5 per liver was reduced by exercise, as well as the total tumoral volume per liver. Exercise did not affect @entity1560 and had no effect on the @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) Activity Score (NAS). Exercise decreased @entity5 cell proliferation. Mechanistically, exercise stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and its substrate raptor, which decreased the kinase activity of @entity3470 . CONCLUSIONS: These data show a benefit of regular exercise on the development of @entity157 in an experimental model of @entity7936 and offer a rationale for encouraging predisposed @entity1 to increase their physical activity for the prevention of @entity157 .

title: Regular exercise decreases liver tumors development in hepatocyte-specific @entity2370 -deficient XXXX independently of @entity1560 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The relationship between central conduction time (CCT) and levels of regional blood flow were studied in 9 primates. Flows were recorded in both hemispheres using the method of @entity3884 (2 min) clearance. The somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded over the contralateral cortex and the dorsal columns, following median nerve stimulation. The CCT, a measure of the brain's electrical conduction, was determined by the difference in latencies between N10, (the arrival of the afferent volley at the sensory cortex) and N7 (its arrival at the dorsal column). @entity63 was produced by transorbital occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. In the acute @entity63 phase within 5 minute of occlusion, there was a significant correlation between the change in CCT and the decrease in flow. In the later occlusive phase, the CCT was unaltered with flows above 15 ml/100g/min. Below that level smaller decreases in flow resulted in progressively larger changes in CCT until a flow was reached where the N10 disappeared or the entire cortex was electrically silent. Focal @entity63 had no effect on the first positive deflection recorded from the cortex (P8) or the first negative peak response from the cervical region (N7). However, the latency of P8 was increased or it was absent with the introduction of @entity551 , while N8 was unaltered. From our measurements, it appears that prolongation of CCT can be related to developing @entity63 , and that the thresholds for change are not dissimilar to those already recorded for somatosensory evoked responses to the basis of amplitude alterations in the cortex. Below these levels, prolongation of CCT appears to bear a parametric relationship to alteration in blood flow. While the measurement displays only one of the many alterations which are induced by @entity63 in the brain, its attraction lies in its simplicity and in the fact that it may be applied with relative ease in the clinical situation. Under these circumstances, it appears to be an adequately sensitive monitor of developing @entity2806 , and deserves further study.

title: Central conduction time in primate XXXX -- a study in baboons.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['brain ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mutations in the @entity8958 gene are responsible for hereditary @entity259 ( @entity259 ) and may vary between ethnic groups. We report the spectrum of mutations detected in @entity1 with @entity259 in a referral center in Greece. @entity1 AND METHODS: Screening for @entity8958 mutations was performed in 313 subjects from 188 unrelated families: 51 @entity1 had clinical suspicion for @entity74 , 133 were apparently sporadic, four @entity1 had only C cell hyperplasia, and 125 were family members. Exons 8, 10, 11, and 13-16 were screened. RESULTS: A total of 58 individuals (30.85%) were @entity8958 mutations carriers, 120 (63.8%) were finally classified as sporadic, 13 apparently sporadic cases (9.8%) were identified with @entity8958 mutation: ten carried the exon 8 at codon 533 mutation (previously reported), two the exon 14 at codon 804 mutation, and one the exon 13 at codon 768 mutation. Six @entity1 (3.19%) with clinical features of @entity13081 and negative for @entity8958 mutations were classified as 'unknown cause'. The mutations of hereditary cases were as follows: 21 cases (36.2%) in exon 8 codon 533, 19 (32.8%) in exon 11 codon 634, nine (15.5%) in exon 10, five (8.6%) in exon 16, three (5.2%) in exon 14 codon 804, and one in exon 13 codon 768 (1.7%). CONCLUSION: The spectrum of @entity8958 mutations in Greece differs from that in other populations and the prevalence of familial cases is higher. The exon 8 ( @entity30659 ) mutation was the most prevalent in familial cases unlike other series, followed by exon 11 (codon 634) mutations which are the most frequent elsewhere. The wide application of genetic screening in @entity259 reveals new molecular defects and helps to characterize the spectrum of mutations in each ethnic group.

title: Genetic screening of @entity1 with XXXX in a referral center in Greece during the past two decades.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity30659 :: ('p|SUB|G|533|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gly533Cys']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['familial disease']

entities_list: @entity13081 :: ('MESH:D018813', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['MTC', 'medullary thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['medullary thyroid cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mutations in the @entity8958 gene are responsible for hereditary @entity259 ( @entity259 ) and may vary between ethnic groups. We report the spectrum of mutations detected in @entity1 with @entity259 in a referral center in Greece. @entity1 AND METHODS: Screening for @entity8958 mutations was performed in 313 subjects from 188 unrelated families: 51 @entity1 had clinical suspicion for @entity74 , 133 were apparently sporadic, four @entity1 had only C cell hyperplasia, and 125 were family members. Exons 8, 10, 11, and 13-16 were screened. RESULTS: A total of 58 individuals (30.85%) were @entity8958 mutations carriers, 120 (63.8%) were finally classified as sporadic, 13 apparently sporadic cases (9.8%) were identified with @entity8958 mutation: ten carried the exon 8 at codon 533 mutation (previously reported), two the exon 14 at codon 804 mutation, and one the exon 13 at codon 768 mutation. Six @entity1 (3.19%) with clinical features of @entity13081 and negative for @entity8958 mutations were classified as 'unknown cause'. The mutations of hereditary cases were as follows: 21 cases (36.2%) in exon 8 codon 533, 19 (32.8%) in exon 11 codon 634, nine (15.5%) in exon 10, five (8.6%) in exon 16, three (5.2%) in exon 14 codon 804, and one in exon 13 codon 768 (1.7%). CONCLUSION: The spectrum of @entity8958 mutations in Greece differs from that in other populations and the prevalence of familial cases is higher. The exon 8 ( @entity30659 ) mutation was the most prevalent in familial cases unlike other series, followed by exon 11 (codon 634) mutations which are the most frequent elsewhere. The wide application of genetic screening in @entity259 reveals new molecular defects and helps to characterize the spectrum of mutations in each ethnic group.

title: Genetic screening of XXXX with @entity259 in a referral center in Greece during the past two decades.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study aimed at identifying the dose metric applicable to studies on the viability of cells exposed to nanoparticles (NPs) in vitro. A previously reported set of data was evaluated very carefully. The extent of cell death after 24-h exposure of three cell lines to suspended @entity3440 NPs (<30 nm) was quantified using four different viability/ @entity137 assays. Data on NP uptake in cells after 6-h exposure were also reported. Evidence is provided that, in spite of the small size of the NPs, mass transport to the cells cannot be explained solely by diffusion. Gravitational settling must have contributed significantly, presumably as the result of the formation of large agglomerates. Appropriately adjusted response data, with typically 22 combinations of mass concentration and height of the medium for each cell line, could be integrated in universal diagrams, provided the dose was quoted in terms of the areal density of NP mass delivered to the cells. @entity393 became observable only if cells were exposed to the equivalent of 1 to 5 closely packed layers of NPs; the dose required for complete cell death ranged between 4 and about 20 layers of NPs. The results suggest that the cell-death phenomena observed in the evaluated work and in many similar studies reported in the literature constitute a matter of cell overload with @entity62 . This finding also implies that the toxic potential of individual @entity7182 NPs is very low. Strategies for the design of advanced future work are outlined.

title: Novel dose metric for apparent XXXX effects generated by in vitro cell exposure to @entity3440 nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity7182 :: ('MESH:D017640', 'Chemical') :: ['silicate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of viability']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['nanostructured matter']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: This study aimed at identifying the dose metric applicable to studies on the viability of cells exposed to nanoparticles (NPs) in vitro. A previously reported set of data was evaluated very carefully. The extent of cell death after 24-h exposure of three cell lines to suspended @entity3440 NPs (<30 nm) was quantified using four different viability/ @entity137 assays. Data on NP uptake in cells after 6-h exposure were also reported. Evidence is provided that, in spite of the small size of the NPs, mass transport to the cells cannot be explained solely by diffusion. Gravitational settling must have contributed significantly, presumably as the result of the formation of large agglomerates. Appropriately adjusted response data, with typically 22 combinations of mass concentration and height of the medium for each cell line, could be integrated in universal diagrams, provided the dose was quoted in terms of the areal density of NP mass delivered to the cells. @entity393 became observable only if cells were exposed to the equivalent of 1 to 5 closely packed layers of NPs; the dose required for complete cell death ranged between 4 and about 20 layers of NPs. The results suggest that the cell-death phenomena observed in the evaluated work and in many similar studies reported in the literature constitute a matter of cell overload with @entity62 . This finding also implies that the toxic potential of individual @entity7182 NPs is very low. Strategies for the design of advanced future work are outlined.

title: Novel dose metric for apparent @entity137 effects generated by in vitro cell exposure to XXXX nanoparticles.

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Self-rated health (SRH) is an important predictor of objective health-related outcomes that, according to the Cognitive Process Model of SRH, is influenced by contextual factors (symptoms and @entity1314 ). Although research indicates that @entity1314 contours SRH, less attention has been given to understanding the contributions of @entity1314 to future self-rated health (FSRH) or the contextual factors that play a role in shaping these effects. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to extend the theory and research on FSRH by exploring the contributions of @entity1314 , current SRH, and @entity1295 to FSRH in the context of @entity102 , and to test the potential mediating role of optimism for explaining these effects. METHOD: Two @entity102 samples ( @entity625 , N   =   365, and @entity29 , @entity8787 ; N   =   290) completed identical surveys. A hierarchical regression model with age, education, and current health, and @entity1295 entered in the first two steps and traits entered in the last step, tested the effects of @entity1314 on FSRH. Mediation analyses controlling for contextual variables tested the explanatory role of optimism. RESULTS: Fatigue was a significant contributor to FSRH accounting for 11  % of the variance in the @entity625 sample and 17  % in the @entity8787 sample over the demographic variables. Both Agreeableness and @entity663 accounted for additional significant but modest variance in FSRH (4  %); Agreeableness was associated with higher FSRH, whereas @entity663 was associated with lower FSRH. For both traits, optimism fully explained the associations with FSRH. CONCLUSION: After accounting for the influence of @entity1295 and other variables, the contributions of high Agreeableness and low @entity663 to FSRH are modest in the context of @entity102 , and these associations may be explained by optimism.

title: Who Looks Forward to Better Health? Personality Factors and Future Self-Rated Health in the Context of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic Illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: SAHA ( @entity19857 , @entity5477 , Hirsutism and Androgenetic Alopecia) syndrome is a @entity74 , with variant response to treatment. Triad of cutaneous @entity3428 included nodulocystic or severe acne, female pattern hair loss and @entity3427 . AIM: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of isotretinoin and cyproterone compound in the treatment of @entity5477 , in @entity1 with @entity751 or triad of cutaneous @entity3428 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 female @entity1 with @entity751 were divided randomly into two groups. Group A was treated with cyproterone compound from day 5 of menstrual cycle onwards for 3 weeks and a week without it and group B received isotretinoin, with a dose of 0.75 mg/kg per day from the beginning of menses onwards for 4 months. The results were evaluated by a blind dermatologist using @entity5477 Severity Index (ASI) score at baseline and monthly for 4 months. RESULTS: Despite a continuous reduction in ASI score in both the groups, according to both physician (P = 0.63) and @entity1 (P = 0.25) assessment, cyproterone compound was not statistically more effective than conventional treatment of @entity5477 at the end of the study. Side-effects were reported in @entity1 in both groups, generally being mild and tolerable except in two subjects. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that cyproterone compound is not superior to isotretinoin in the treatment of @entity5477 in @entity1 with @entity751 or triad of cutaneous @entity3428 . Indeed, other studies are needed to evaluate the effect of cyproterone compound (regardless of androgen level) and isotretinoin in subjects with only @entity5477 .

title: The efficacy of oral isotretinoin versus cyproterone compound in female @entity1 with acne and the triad of cutaneous XXXX : A randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['nodulocystic acne', 'Acne']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['SAHA syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity3428 :: (MESH:D017588,Disease) :: ['hyperandrogenism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: SAHA ( @entity19857 , @entity5477 , Hirsutism and Androgenetic Alopecia) syndrome is a @entity74 , with variant response to treatment. Triad of cutaneous @entity3428 included nodulocystic or severe acne, female pattern hair loss and @entity3427 . AIM: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of isotretinoin and cyproterone compound in the treatment of @entity5477 , in @entity1 with @entity751 or triad of cutaneous @entity3428 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 female @entity1 with @entity751 were divided randomly into two groups. Group A was treated with cyproterone compound from day 5 of menstrual cycle onwards for 3 weeks and a week without it and group B received isotretinoin, with a dose of 0.75 mg/kg per day from the beginning of menses onwards for 4 months. The results were evaluated by a blind dermatologist using @entity5477 Severity Index (ASI) score at baseline and monthly for 4 months. RESULTS: Despite a continuous reduction in ASI score in both the groups, according to both physician (P = 0.63) and @entity1 (P = 0.25) assessment, cyproterone compound was not statistically more effective than conventional treatment of @entity5477 at the end of the study. Side-effects were reported in @entity1 in both groups, generally being mild and tolerable except in two subjects. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that cyproterone compound is not superior to isotretinoin in the treatment of @entity5477 in @entity1 with @entity751 or triad of cutaneous @entity3428 . Indeed, other studies are needed to evaluate the effect of cyproterone compound (regardless of androgen level) and isotretinoin in subjects with only @entity5477 .

title: The efficacy of oral isotretinoin versus cyproterone compound in female XXXX with acne and the triad of cutaneous @entity3428 : A randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical activity reduces, whereas exposure to air pollution increases, the risk of premature mortality. Physical activity amplifies respiratory uptake and deposition of air pollutants in the lung, which may augment acute harmful effects of air pollution during exercise. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine whether benefits of physical activity on mortality are moderated by long-term exposure to high air pollution levels in an urban setting. METHODS: A total of 52,061 subjects (50-65 years of age) from the Danish Diet, @entity5 , and Health cohort, living in Aarhus and Copenhagen, reported data on physical activity in 1993-1997 and were followed until 2010. High exposure to air pollution was defined as the upper 25th percentile of modeled @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) levels at residential addresses. We associated participation in sports, cycling, gardening, and walking with total and cause-specific mortality by Cox regression, and introduced @entity6836 as an interaction term. RESULTS: In total, 5,534 subjects died: 2,864 from @entity5 , 1,285 from @entity65 , 354 from @entity1576 , and 122 from @entity6 . Significant inverse associations of participation in sports, cycling, and gardening with total, cardiovascular, and @entity6 mortality were not modified by @entity6836 . Reductions in respiratory mortality associated with cycling and gardening were more pronounced among @entity1 with moderate/low @entity6836 [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.72 and 0.55; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.73, respectively] than with high @entity6836 exposure (HR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.11 and HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.55, 1.18, p-interaction = 0.09 and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In general, exposure to high levels of traffic-related air pollution did not modify associations, indicating beneficial effects of physical activity on mortality. These novel findings require replication in other study populations. Citation: Andersen ZJ, de Nazelle A, @entity2704 , Garcia-Aymerich J, Hertel O, Tj  nneland A, Overvad K, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. 2015. A study of the combined effects of physical activity and air pollution on mortality in elderly urban residents: the Danish Diet, @entity5 , and Health cohort. Environ Health Perspect 123:557-563;   http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408698.

title: A Study of the Combined Effects of Physical Activity and Air Pollution on Mortality in Elderly Urban Residents: The Danish Diet, XXXX , and Health Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Paroxysmal or persistent @entity591 in pediatric @entity1 is a common disease. Certain circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been associated with @entity943 . The present study investigated miRNAs in the plasma of pediatric @entity1 with @entity591 . Forty pediatric subjects were included retrospectively: 24 with recurrent sustained @entity591 [seven cases of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and 17  cases of @entity4710 ( @entity4710 )] and 16  healthy controls. Circulating @entity9630 and miR  -133 in the plasma were detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. @entity9630 levels were significantly decreased in the @entity943 group compared with those in the controls (P=0.004) whilst miR  -133 expression levels were not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.456). Both @entity9630 and miR  -133 levels showed significant differences between the @entity4710 and @entity1165 groups (P=0.004 and P=0.046, respectively), and a significant decrease in @entity9630 levels was observed in the @entity4710 group as compared with the controls (P<0.001). No significant difference was observed in the expression levels of miR  -133. By contrast, miR  -133 levels were significantly increased in the @entity1165 group compared with those in the controls (P=0.024), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed in the expression levels of @entity9630 . Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that 1/ @entity9630 was significant for the evaluation of @entity591 . Additionally, @entity9630 produced enhanced sensitivity and specificity for the evaluation of @entity4710 compared with miR  -133, whereas miR  -133 was a better marker to assess @entity1165 . This study demonstrated that miRNAs may be appropriate markers for pediatric @entity591 ; @entity9630 levels were decreased in the @entity943 group compared with those in the healthy controls. Furthermore, @entity1 with @entity4710 had lower @entity9630 expression levels while those with @entity1165 had higher miR  -133 expression levels.

title: Expression of circulating microRNA-1 and microRNA-133 in pediatric @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Paroxysmal or persistent @entity591 in pediatric @entity1 is a common disease. Certain circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been associated with @entity943 . The present study investigated miRNAs in the plasma of pediatric @entity1 with @entity591 . Forty pediatric subjects were included retrospectively: 24 with recurrent sustained @entity591 [seven cases of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and 17  cases of @entity4710 ( @entity4710 )] and 16  healthy controls. Circulating @entity9630 and miR  -133 in the plasma were detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. @entity9630 levels were significantly decreased in the @entity943 group compared with those in the controls (P=0.004) whilst miR  -133 expression levels were not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.456). Both @entity9630 and miR  -133 levels showed significant differences between the @entity4710 and @entity1165 groups (P=0.004 and P=0.046, respectively), and a significant decrease in @entity9630 levels was observed in the @entity4710 group as compared with the controls (P<0.001). No significant difference was observed in the expression levels of miR  -133. By contrast, miR  -133 levels were significantly increased in the @entity1165 group compared with those in the controls (P=0.024), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed in the expression levels of @entity9630 . Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that 1/ @entity9630 was significant for the evaluation of @entity591 . Additionally, @entity9630 produced enhanced sensitivity and specificity for the evaluation of @entity4710 compared with miR  -133, whereas miR  -133 was a better marker to assess @entity1165 . This study demonstrated that miRNAs may be appropriate markers for pediatric @entity591 ; @entity9630 levels were decreased in the @entity943 group compared with those in the healthy controls. Furthermore, @entity1 with @entity4710 had lower @entity9630 expression levels while those with @entity1165 had higher miR  -133 expression levels.

title: Expression of circulating microRNA-1 and microRNA-133 in pediatric XXXX with @entity591 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity1372 depletion can alter cardiovascular reflexes and vascular sensitivity to pressors. To define the effects of @entity2753 on the hemodynamic response to volume depletion in the setting of @entity5507 , isolated ultrafiltration was performed in acutely uremic @entity235 previously rendered hyponatremic (127 + 2.5 [SD] mEq/L) for 72 hours by dialyzing against a low- @entity1372 dialysate. Response was compared with that of the same animals in the normonatremic (150 +/- 3.6 mEq/L) condition. Animals in the hyponatremic and normonatremic states had similar initial values of blood volume (hyponatremic 2284 +/- 338 ml, normonatremic 2306 +/- 372 ml, P not significant), mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance, but preultrafiltration body weight in the hyponatremic state was greater (hyponatremic 26.1 +/- 2.4 kg, normonatremic 24.6 +/- 1.7 kg, P less than 0.05). Isolated ultrafiltration was performed until a 30% fall in mean arterial pressure occurred. Body weight at the end of ultrafiltration in the hyponatremic state was still higher (24.7 +/- 2.4 kg) than in the normonatremic state (22.9 +/- 1.5 kg, P less than 0.05). At the end of ultrafiltration, similar values of blood volume (hyponatremic 1871 + 329 ml, normonatremic 1821 +/- 267, P not significant) cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were again found. The results suggest that, in this model, @entity2753 is associated with an alteration in the relationship between body water and blood volume. The excess body water is difficult to remove by isolated ultrafiltration because blood volume depletion ensues at a higher body weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX on response to volume depletion in uremic @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity2753 :: (MESH:D007010,Disease) :: ['hyponatremia']


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity1372 depletion can alter cardiovascular reflexes and vascular sensitivity to pressors. To define the effects of @entity2753 on the hemodynamic response to volume depletion in the setting of @entity5507 , isolated ultrafiltration was performed in acutely uremic @entity235 previously rendered hyponatremic (127 + 2.5 [SD] mEq/L) for 72 hours by dialyzing against a low- @entity1372 dialysate. Response was compared with that of the same animals in the normonatremic (150 +/- 3.6 mEq/L) condition. Animals in the hyponatremic and normonatremic states had similar initial values of blood volume (hyponatremic 2284 +/- 338 ml, normonatremic 2306 +/- 372 ml, P not significant), mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance, but preultrafiltration body weight in the hyponatremic state was greater (hyponatremic 26.1 +/- 2.4 kg, normonatremic 24.6 +/- 1.7 kg, P less than 0.05). Isolated ultrafiltration was performed until a 30% fall in mean arterial pressure occurred. Body weight at the end of ultrafiltration in the hyponatremic state was still higher (24.7 +/- 2.4 kg) than in the normonatremic state (22.9 +/- 1.5 kg, P less than 0.05). At the end of ultrafiltration, similar values of blood volume (hyponatremic 1871 + 329 ml, normonatremic 1821 +/- 267, P not significant) cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were again found. The results suggest that, in this model, @entity2753 is associated with an alteration in the relationship between body water and blood volume. The excess body water is difficult to remove by isolated ultrafiltration because blood volume depletion ensues at a higher body weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity2753 on response to volume depletion in uremic XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cryotherapy is the most common non-pharmacological @entity158 -relieving method. The aim of this pilot study was to ascertain whether intranasal evaporative cooling may be an effective intervention in an acute @entity2704 attack. Studies have previously demonstrated effectiveness of a variety of cryotherapy approaches. Intranasal evaporative cooling due to @entity455 from nasal and paranasal mucous membranes to the dura mater, thereby providing an excellent anatomical basis for the cooling processes. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label, observational, pilot study. Twenty-eight @entity1 who satisfied the International Classification of @entity2794 (ICHD 2) diagnostic criteria for @entity2704 were recruited. A total of 20 treatments were administered in 15 @entity1 . All @entity1 provided @entity158 severity scores and @entity2704 severity scores (based on a 0-10 visual analogue scale, [VAS]). RESULTS: Out of the 20 treatments, intranasal evaporative cooling rendered @entity1 ' @entity158 and symptoms free immediately after treatment, in 8 of the treatments (40%), a further 10 treatments (50%) resulted in partial @entity158 relief ( @entity10 reduced from severe or moderate to mild) and partial symptoms relief. At 2 hours, 9 treatments (45%) provided full @entity158 and symptoms relief, with a further 9 treatments (45%) resulting in partial @entity158 and symptoms relief. At 24 hours, 10 treatments (50%) resulted in @entity1 reporting @entity158 and symptom freedom and 3 (15%) provided partial @entity158 relief. In summary 13 @entity1 (87%) had benefit from the treatment within 2 hours that was sustained at 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Intranasal evaporative cooling gave considerable benefit to @entity1 with @entity2704 , improving @entity10 severity and @entity2704 . A further randomised, placebo controlled, double blinded, parallel clinical trial is required to further investigate the potential of this application.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov registered trial, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01898455.

title: Therapeutic effect of intranasal evaporative cooling in @entity1 with XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anatomy, allows the transfer of venous blood']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'migraine-associated symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Headache Disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cryotherapy is the most common non-pharmacological @entity158 -relieving method. The aim of this pilot study was to ascertain whether intranasal evaporative cooling may be an effective intervention in an acute @entity2704 attack. Studies have previously demonstrated effectiveness of a variety of cryotherapy approaches. Intranasal evaporative cooling due to @entity455 from nasal and paranasal mucous membranes to the dura mater, thereby providing an excellent anatomical basis for the cooling processes. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label, observational, pilot study. Twenty-eight @entity1 who satisfied the International Classification of @entity2794 (ICHD 2) diagnostic criteria for @entity2704 were recruited. A total of 20 treatments were administered in 15 @entity1 . All @entity1 provided @entity158 severity scores and @entity2704 severity scores (based on a 0-10 visual analogue scale, [VAS]). RESULTS: Out of the 20 treatments, intranasal evaporative cooling rendered @entity1 ' @entity158 and symptoms free immediately after treatment, in 8 of the treatments (40%), a further 10 treatments (50%) resulted in partial @entity158 relief ( @entity10 reduced from severe or moderate to mild) and partial symptoms relief. At 2 hours, 9 treatments (45%) provided full @entity158 and symptoms relief, with a further 9 treatments (45%) resulting in partial @entity158 and symptoms relief. At 24 hours, 10 treatments (50%) resulted in @entity1 reporting @entity158 and symptom freedom and 3 (15%) provided partial @entity158 relief. In summary 13 @entity1 (87%) had benefit from the treatment within 2 hours that was sustained at 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Intranasal evaporative cooling gave considerable benefit to @entity1 with @entity2704 , improving @entity10 severity and @entity2704 . A further randomised, placebo controlled, double blinded, parallel clinical trial is required to further investigate the potential of this application.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov registered trial, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01898455.

title: Therapeutic effect of intranasal evaporative cooling in XXXX with @entity2704 : a pilot study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The International Conference on Harmonization considers older @entity1 a 'special population', as they differ from younger adults in terms of comorbidity, polypharmacy, pharmacokinetics and greater vulnerability to @entity137 ( @entity137 ). Medical practice is often based on single disease guidelines derived from clinical trials that have not included frail older @entity1 or those with multiple morbidities. This presents a challenge caring for older @entity1 , as drug doses in trials may not be achievable in real world @entity1 and risks of @entity137 are underestimated in clinical trial populations. The majority of @entity137 in older @entity1 are Type A, potentially avoidable and associated with commonly prescribed medications. Several @entity137 are particularly associated with major adverse consequences in the elderly and their reduction is therefore a clinical priority. Falls are strongly associated with @entity1245 , neuroleptics, antidepressants and antihypertensives. There is good evidence for medication review as part of a multifactorial intervention to reduce falls risk in community dwelling elderly. Multiple medications also contribute to @entity933 , another @entity751 resulting in excess mortality particularly in frail older @entity1 . @entity2718 associated with use of broad spectrum antibiotics mainly affects frail older @entity1 and results in prolonged hospital stay with substantial morbidity and mortality. Antipsychotics increase the risk of @entity64 by more than three-fold in @entity1 with @entity303 . Inappropriate prescribing can be reduced by adherence to prescribing guidelines, suitable monitoring and regular medication review. Given the heterogeneity within the older population, providing individualized care is pivotal to preventing @entity137 .

title: XXXX in special populations - the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reactions', 'ADRs']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial syndrome']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Adverse drug reactions']


abstract: A monoclonal antibody, 4D7, obtained with embryonic @entity35 brain as an immunogen, recognizes an epitope on 3 protein species of 150-160, 100-110, and 80 kDa, present in @entity19 and @entity35 brain during the fetal period. Vital immunostaining of dissociated cultures of fetal forebrain indicates that the antigen is localized largely on the external plasma membrane of a subpopulation of neurites. Immunocytochemistry reveals that the distribution of the antigen in vivo is restricted to the nervous system. Immunoreactivity is concentrated primarily in the pathways of a limited set of CNS and PNS axon systems during early stages of their development, as delineated by staining with the neurofilament antibody, C2. Depending on the particular axon system, immunoreactivity with 4D7 persists only for one to several days of prenatal or perinatal development. In the spinal cord, stage-specific-neurite-associated proteins (SNAP) expression occurs first along motor axon pathways on embryonic day (E) 10 and then within the nerve trunks of dorsal root ganglia and the commissural fiber system on E11. Immunoreactivity is detectable among most @entity129 starting in the interval from E11 to E13. Within the brain, the onset of SNAP expression within several discrete axon tracts occurs in the interval E14-16, including the lateral olfactory tract, anterior commissure, corpus callosum, fasciculus retroflexus, and fornix. Immunoreactivity within the embryonic intermediate zones of some structures matches the location of certain other axon systems. Sites of 4D7 staining which do not correspond to the location of axon populations include the internal portion of the external granular layer of the postnatal cerebellum and the cortex of the reeler mutant @entity19 . The predominant localization of the 4D7 antigen among axon systems and its precisely regulated spatio-temporal pattern of expression are consistent with the possibility that the SNAP antigens play a significant role in the early stages of growth of axonal tracts in vivo.

title: Distribution of stage-specific neurite-associated proteins in the developing XXXX nervous system recognized by a monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerves']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs which regulate post-transcriptionally hundreds of target mRNAs. Given that their expression is deregulated in several @entity5 types, they represent potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers, as well as next-generation therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, the involvement of miRNAs in @entity1489 , a @entity5 type with increasing prevalence, is not extensively studied, and their comprehensive characterization as regard to the initiation, promotion, and progression stages is missing. To this end, we exploited a well-established multistage @entity19 @entity105 model in order to identify miRNAs consistently implicated in different stages of @entity105 . The cell lines comprising this model were subjected to miRNA expression profiling using microarrays, followed by bioinformatics analysis and validation with Q-PCR, as well as treatment with miRNA modulators. We showed that among all deregulated miRNAs in our system, only a functionally coherent group consisting of the miR-200 family members and @entity67897 -5p displays a pattern of progressive co-downregulation from the early toward the most @entity146 stages of @entity105 . Their overlapping, co-regulated putative targets are potentially inter-associated and, of these, the @entity55867 -related @entity24090 is overexpressed toward @entity146 stages. Ectopic expression of @entity67897 -5p in spindle @entity5 cells reduces @entity24090 , mitigates cell invasiveness, decreases proliferation, and delays @entity5 onset. We conclude that deregulation of this miRNA group is primarily associated with @entity146 phenotypes of @entity1489 cells. Restoration of the @entity67897 -5p member of this group in spindle cells reduces the expression of critical, co-regulated targets that favor @entity5 progression, thus reversing the @entity55867 characteristics.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Progression of @entity19 XXXX is associated with the orchestrated deregulation of miR-200 family members, @entity67897 and their common targets.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis', 'skin carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['skin carcinogenesis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs which regulate post-transcriptionally hundreds of target mRNAs. Given that their expression is deregulated in several @entity5 types, they represent potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers, as well as next-generation therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, the involvement of miRNAs in @entity1489 , a @entity5 type with increasing prevalence, is not extensively studied, and their comprehensive characterization as regard to the initiation, promotion, and progression stages is missing. To this end, we exploited a well-established multistage @entity19 @entity105 model in order to identify miRNAs consistently implicated in different stages of @entity105 . The cell lines comprising this model were subjected to miRNA expression profiling using microarrays, followed by bioinformatics analysis and validation with Q-PCR, as well as treatment with miRNA modulators. We showed that among all deregulated miRNAs in our system, only a functionally coherent group consisting of the miR-200 family members and @entity67897 -5p displays a pattern of progressive co-downregulation from the early toward the most @entity146 stages of @entity105 . Their overlapping, co-regulated putative targets are potentially inter-associated and, of these, the @entity55867 -related @entity24090 is overexpressed toward @entity146 stages. Ectopic expression of @entity67897 -5p in spindle @entity5 cells reduces @entity24090 , mitigates cell invasiveness, decreases proliferation, and delays @entity5 onset. We conclude that deregulation of this miRNA group is primarily associated with @entity146 phenotypes of @entity1489 cells. Restoration of the @entity67897 -5p member of this group in spindle cells reduces the expression of critical, co-regulated targets that favor @entity5 progression, thus reversing the @entity55867 characteristics.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Progression of @entity19 @entity105 is associated with the orchestrated deregulation of miR-200 family members, XXXX and their common targets.

answer: @entity67897 :: (387201(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['miR-205']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs which regulate post-transcriptionally hundreds of target mRNAs. Given that their expression is deregulated in several @entity5 types, they represent potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers, as well as next-generation therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, the involvement of miRNAs in @entity1489 , a @entity5 type with increasing prevalence, is not extensively studied, and their comprehensive characterization as regard to the initiation, promotion, and progression stages is missing. To this end, we exploited a well-established multistage @entity19 @entity105 model in order to identify miRNAs consistently implicated in different stages of @entity105 . The cell lines comprising this model were subjected to miRNA expression profiling using microarrays, followed by bioinformatics analysis and validation with Q-PCR, as well as treatment with miRNA modulators. We showed that among all deregulated miRNAs in our system, only a functionally coherent group consisting of the miR-200 family members and @entity67897 -5p displays a pattern of progressive co-downregulation from the early toward the most @entity146 stages of @entity105 . Their overlapping, co-regulated putative targets are potentially inter-associated and, of these, the @entity55867 -related @entity24090 is overexpressed toward @entity146 stages. Ectopic expression of @entity67897 -5p in spindle @entity5 cells reduces @entity24090 , mitigates cell invasiveness, decreases proliferation, and delays @entity5 onset. We conclude that deregulation of this miRNA group is primarily associated with @entity146 phenotypes of @entity1489 cells. Restoration of the @entity67897 -5p member of this group in spindle cells reduces the expression of critical, co-regulated targets that favor @entity5 progression, thus reversing the @entity55867 characteristics.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Progression of XXXX @entity105 is associated with the orchestrated deregulation of miR-200 family members, @entity67897 and their common targets.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Lung metastasis is a frequent @entity5 complication resulting in significant mortality. This study evaluates the effect of @entity1229 and cytoxan alone and in combination on lung metastases in @entity35 challenged with @entity7283 3924A. Seventy-seven male American @entity5 Institute (ACI) @entity35 weighing 200 g were studied. Thirty-seven @entity35 received @entity1229 orally for six days, which resulted in a prothrombin time 2 times that of controls (30 sec). All @entity35 received 1 X 10(5) clumped @entity7283 cells via tail vein injection. Animals were divided into four groups: Group I (controls, n = 20) received no antitumor treatment; group II @entity35 (n = 20) received 25 mg/kg cytoxan intraperitoneally at the time of @entity5 challenge; group III animals (n = 19) received @entity1229 alone; while group IV (n = 18) received both @entity1229 and cytoxan. @entity35 were evaluated for number of lung metastases and lung weight at 3 weeks postinjection. Data was subjected to statistical analysis by the Student's test. The mean number of lung metastases were 580 +/- 45 in group I, 350 +/- 310 in group II, 330 +/- 263 in group III, and 200 +/- 161 in group IV (P less than .005 [IV] v [I], P less than .05 [IV] v [II], [III]), (P less than .05 [II] v [I]), (P less than .05 [III] v [I]). Mean lung weights were 2.597 g +/- 1.65 in group I, 2.049 g +/- 0.75 in group II, 1.898 g +/- 0.80 in group III, and 1,677 g +/- 0.31 in group IV. (P less than .025 [IV] v [I], P less than .05 [IV] v [II]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Synergistic effect of XXXX and cytoxan in reducing lung metastases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity7283 :: ('MESH:D008114', 'Disease') :: ['Morris hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['coumadin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['coumadin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, @entity5 -node- @entity3 stage and histologic type are the established prognostic factors for @entity3620 , whereas no prognostic markers have been established for clinical practice. We investigated the prognostic value of @entity2282 , a metalloproteinase that can promote @entity5 through enzymatic degradation and intracellular signaling crosstalk, in @entity3620 . METHODS: @entity2282 immunostaining was performed for 176 cases of @entity3620 (epithelioid, 148; biphasic, 14; sarcomatoid, 14), and its expression was dichotomized as negative (no staining) or positive (any staining). Epithelioid @entity5 were classified as pleomorphic subtype when cytologic pleomorphism was >= 10  % of the @entity5 . Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Tumoral @entity2282 expression was identified in 42  % of epithelioid @entity5 , 57  % of epithelioid @entity5 , 79  % of @entity5 , and 93  % of @entity5 (p  <  0.001). Positive @entity2282 expression was correlated with higher mitotic count (p  =  0.002). Overall survival for @entity1 with positive @entity2282 expression was significantly shorter than that for @entity1 with negative @entity2282 expression in all @entity1 (p  =  0.001) and in @entity1 with epithelioid @entity5 (p  =  0.04). On multivariate analysis, @entity2282 expression was an independent prognostic factor for all @entity1 (hazard ratio 1.48; p  =  0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Tumoral @entity2282 expression correlated with aggressive histologic types and higher mitotic activity and is an independent prognostic factor for @entity1 with @entity3620 .

title: Tumoral XXXX Expression Correlates with Aggressive Histology and Prognosis in @entity1 with @entity3620 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-pleomorphic tumors', 'cancer aggressiveness', 'sarcomatoid tumors', 'biphasic tumors', 'pleomorphic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2282 :: (4311,Gene) :: ['CD10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, @entity5 -node- @entity3 stage and histologic type are the established prognostic factors for @entity3620 , whereas no prognostic markers have been established for clinical practice. We investigated the prognostic value of @entity2282 , a metalloproteinase that can promote @entity5 through enzymatic degradation and intracellular signaling crosstalk, in @entity3620 . METHODS: @entity2282 immunostaining was performed for 176 cases of @entity3620 (epithelioid, 148; biphasic, 14; sarcomatoid, 14), and its expression was dichotomized as negative (no staining) or positive (any staining). Epithelioid @entity5 were classified as pleomorphic subtype when cytologic pleomorphism was >= 10  % of the @entity5 . Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Tumoral @entity2282 expression was identified in 42  % of epithelioid @entity5 , 57  % of epithelioid @entity5 , 79  % of @entity5 , and 93  % of @entity5 (p  <  0.001). Positive @entity2282 expression was correlated with higher mitotic count (p  =  0.002). Overall survival for @entity1 with positive @entity2282 expression was significantly shorter than that for @entity1 with negative @entity2282 expression in all @entity1 (p  =  0.001) and in @entity1 with epithelioid @entity5 (p  =  0.04). On multivariate analysis, @entity2282 expression was an independent prognostic factor for all @entity1 (hazard ratio 1.48; p  =  0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Tumoral @entity2282 expression correlated with aggressive histologic types and higher mitotic activity and is an independent prognostic factor for @entity1 with @entity3620 .

title: Tumoral @entity2282 Expression Correlates with Aggressive Histology and Prognosis in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, @entity5 -node- @entity3 stage and histologic type are the established prognostic factors for @entity3620 , whereas no prognostic markers have been established for clinical practice. We investigated the prognostic value of @entity2282 , a metalloproteinase that can promote @entity5 through enzymatic degradation and intracellular signaling crosstalk, in @entity3620 . METHODS: @entity2282 immunostaining was performed for 176 cases of @entity3620 (epithelioid, 148; biphasic, 14; sarcomatoid, 14), and its expression was dichotomized as negative (no staining) or positive (any staining). Epithelioid @entity5 were classified as pleomorphic subtype when cytologic pleomorphism was >= 10  % of the @entity5 . Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Tumoral @entity2282 expression was identified in 42  % of epithelioid @entity5 , 57  % of epithelioid @entity5 , 79  % of @entity5 , and 93  % of @entity5 (p  <  0.001). Positive @entity2282 expression was correlated with higher mitotic count (p  =  0.002). Overall survival for @entity1 with positive @entity2282 expression was significantly shorter than that for @entity1 with negative @entity2282 expression in all @entity1 (p  =  0.001) and in @entity1 with epithelioid @entity5 (p  =  0.04). On multivariate analysis, @entity2282 expression was an independent prognostic factor for all @entity1 (hazard ratio 1.48; p  =  0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Tumoral @entity2282 expression correlated with aggressive histologic types and higher mitotic activity and is an independent prognostic factor for @entity1 with @entity3620 .

title: Tumoral @entity2282 Expression Correlates with Aggressive Histology and Prognosis in XXXX with @entity3620 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Twelve @entity742 , each prepared with a rumen @entity292 , were divided into three groups of four and fed three dietary levels of @entity921 (22,300, and 3000 micrograms/g dry matter) for 11 weeks. The @entity742 were then dosed with radioactive @entity921 and samples of rumen contents were taken via the rumen @entity292 at 1, 7, and 13 h after dosing. The @entity742 were immediately killed after the last sampling and total rumen contents were mixed and sampled. Rumen fluid was separated frm all samples and fractionated by centrifugation into protozoa plus plant particles, bacteria, and cell-free fraction. The bacterial cells were disrupted and fractionated into cell walls and cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic protein was precipitated with @entity2804 . Although the centration of radiomanganese in rumen fluid decreased with time after dosing from 14.4--17.8 to 6.1--9.3% of dose/L the protozoal and bacterial uptakes of radiomanganese were not significantly different and ranged from 26.5 to 40.6% and 18.9 to 31.7% of total in the rumen fluid, respectively. There was also no effect of dietary concentration of @entity921 on the uptake and distribution of radiomanganese in the rumen fluid fractions. However, on the average more radiomanganese was found in the bacterial cell walls (48.1--75.3% of total in bacteria) and less in the cytoplasm (51.9--24.7% of total in bacteria) with increasing dietary @entity921 . Very little radioactivity was found in the @entity2804 precipitated cytoplasm (1.79--0.78% of total in cytoplasm). concentrations of @entity921 in the bacteria and bacterial cell walls were higher than, and closely related with, those in the diet. Specific activities of radiomanganese decreased in all fractions with increasing dietary @entity921 . Approximately 15--17% of the total radiomanganese in the rumen contents at 13 h after dosing was found in the protozoal fraction and 10--15% was found in the bacterial fraction; only approximately 21% of the radiomanganese remained in cell-free fraction of the rumen fluid in each dietary treatment.

title: Distribution of radiomanganese in the rumen of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BackgroundUterine @entity2909 is the most common gynecological @entity5 in the reproductive years. However, it is extremely rare in adolescence (<1%), with few reports found in the literature. The biological behavior of such @entity5 in this age group is unknown, as well as the best possible treatment for this population. We aimed to analyze all available reports of uterine @entity2909 in adolescence.MethodsA systematic review was performed at PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE. Between 1965 and 2014, 19 reports were found on uterine @entity2909 in @entity1 under 18  years. The following parameters were discussed: age, @entity5 diameter, symptoms, clinical treatments, surgical treatments, hemodynamic changes.ResultsMean age was 15.35 (14  17) years. Mean @entity5 diameter was 12.28  cm (3  30) and median diameter was 10  cm. Most @entity1 presented with symptoms (87.5%), including abnormal uterine bleeding (10/18) and @entity490 (6/18). A pelvic mass was the most common finding. Two @entity1 required transfusion due to @entity417 . One @entity1 underwent abdominal hysterectomy, and the others underwent myomectomy. Mean follow-up was 1  year and 8  months, and only case recurred, after 6  months.ConclusionLeiomyomas   biologic behavior in adolescents may be different from that of older @entity1 , but their molecular characteristics still haven  t been analyzed. Optimal treatment is still not defined, but myomectomy has several advantages in this population. @entity2909 must be remembered as an important differential diagnosis of pelvic mass in adolescents.

title: Presentation and treatment of uterine XXXX in adolescence: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic/abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyomas', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['leiomyoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Thailand, @entity2685 is a common @entity130 that affects the function of the upper extremity. The current treatments focus mainly on improving the motor and sensory function. Apart from the motor and sensory deficit, these @entity1 usually suffer from @entity158 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors that relate to @entity9 in @entity1 with @entity2685 . METHODS: We collected data from March 2008 to July 2011. The @entity25255 Questionnaire was used to diagnose @entity9 in 95 @entity1 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity9 was as high as 76%. Majority of @entity1 presented with @entity1183 to pin prick, @entity1183 to touch and @entity1183 . Severity of @entity9 was significantly correlated with the type of @entity2685 . There was no difference between demographic characteristics of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the prevalence of @entity9 was high in brachial plexus injured @entity1 . Therefore, surgeons should be aware of this common, yet underestimated, problem in brachial plexus injured @entity1 .

title: XXXX in @entity2685 .

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['numbness', 'hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Neuropathic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Thailand, @entity2685 is a common @entity130 that affects the function of the upper extremity. The current treatments focus mainly on improving the motor and sensory function. Apart from the motor and sensory deficit, these @entity1 usually suffer from @entity158 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors that relate to @entity9 in @entity1 with @entity2685 . METHODS: We collected data from March 2008 to July 2011. The @entity25255 Questionnaire was used to diagnose @entity9 in 95 @entity1 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity9 was as high as 76%. Majority of @entity1 presented with @entity1183 to pin prick, @entity1183 to touch and @entity1183 . Severity of @entity9 was significantly correlated with the type of @entity2685 . There was no difference between demographic characteristics of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the prevalence of @entity9 was high in brachial plexus injured @entity1 . Therefore, surgeons should be aware of this common, yet underestimated, problem in brachial plexus injured @entity1 .

title: @entity9 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of serum lipids, @entity32 and seropositivity on @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: The incidence of hospitalised @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity64 was calculated in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 receiving care within the national Veterans Health Administration from 1998 to 2011. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between these outcomes and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity1851 (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as time-varying variables, divided into quintiles. RESULTS: There were 37   568 @entity1 with @entity309 in the cohort with mean age of 63   years (SD 12.1); 90% were @entity1 . There was a no clear association between LDL-C and @entity301 / @entity64 . Compared with lower HDL-C (<34   mg/dL), higher HDL-C (>= 54   mg/dL) was inversely associated with @entity583 (hazard ratio (HR)=0.68, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.85) and @entity64 (HR=0.69, 95% CI 0.50 to  0.96). Higher CRP >2.17   mg/dL (vs CRP <0.26   mg/dL) was associated with increased risk (HR=2.43, 95% CI 1.77 to  3.33) for @entity583 and 2.02 (95% CI 1.32 to 3.08) for @entity64 . ESR >47   mm/h compared with <8   mm/h had an HR 1.87 (95% CI 1.39 to  2.52) for @entity583 and 2.00 (95% CI 1.26 to 3.18) for @entity64 . The association between @entity583 was significant for @entity309 seropositivity (HR=1.23, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48). CONCLUSIONS: In this predominantly older male @entity309 cohort, there was no clear association between LDL-C and @entity301 , whereas higher HDL-C was inversely associated with @entity583 and @entity64 . CRP and ESR were similarly associated with increase @entity583 risk and @entity64 , reflecting the prominent role of @entity32 in @entity301 risk in @entity309 .

title: Association of hyperlipidaemia, @entity32 and serological status and @entity301 among @entity1 with XXXX : data from the National Veterans Health Administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of serum lipids, @entity32 and seropositivity on @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: The incidence of hospitalised @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity64 was calculated in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 receiving care within the national Veterans Health Administration from 1998 to 2011. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between these outcomes and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity1851 (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as time-varying variables, divided into quintiles. RESULTS: There were 37   568 @entity1 with @entity309 in the cohort with mean age of 63   years (SD 12.1); 90% were @entity1 . There was a no clear association between LDL-C and @entity301 / @entity64 . Compared with lower HDL-C (<34   mg/dL), higher HDL-C (>= 54   mg/dL) was inversely associated with @entity583 (hazard ratio (HR)=0.68, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.85) and @entity64 (HR=0.69, 95% CI 0.50 to  0.96). Higher CRP >2.17   mg/dL (vs CRP <0.26   mg/dL) was associated with increased risk (HR=2.43, 95% CI 1.77 to  3.33) for @entity583 and 2.02 (95% CI 1.32 to 3.08) for @entity64 . ESR >47   mm/h compared with <8   mm/h had an HR 1.87 (95% CI 1.39 to  2.52) for @entity583 and 2.00 (95% CI 1.26 to 3.18) for @entity64 . The association between @entity583 was significant for @entity309 seropositivity (HR=1.23, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48). CONCLUSIONS: In this predominantly older male @entity309 cohort, there was no clear association between LDL-C and @entity301 , whereas higher HDL-C was inversely associated with @entity583 and @entity64 . CRP and ESR were similarly associated with increase @entity583 risk and @entity64 , reflecting the prominent role of @entity32 in @entity301 risk in @entity309 .

title: Association of hyperlipidaemia, @entity32 and serological status and XXXX among @entity1 with @entity309 : data from the National Veterans Health Administration.

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of serum lipids, @entity32 and seropositivity on @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: The incidence of hospitalised @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity64 was calculated in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 receiving care within the national Veterans Health Administration from 1998 to 2011. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between these outcomes and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity1851 (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as time-varying variables, divided into quintiles. RESULTS: There were 37   568 @entity1 with @entity309 in the cohort with mean age of 63   years (SD 12.1); 90% were @entity1 . There was a no clear association between LDL-C and @entity301 / @entity64 . Compared with lower HDL-C (<34   mg/dL), higher HDL-C (>= 54   mg/dL) was inversely associated with @entity583 (hazard ratio (HR)=0.68, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.85) and @entity64 (HR=0.69, 95% CI 0.50 to  0.96). Higher CRP >2.17   mg/dL (vs CRP <0.26   mg/dL) was associated with increased risk (HR=2.43, 95% CI 1.77 to  3.33) for @entity583 and 2.02 (95% CI 1.32 to 3.08) for @entity64 . ESR >47   mm/h compared with <8   mm/h had an HR 1.87 (95% CI 1.39 to  2.52) for @entity583 and 2.00 (95% CI 1.26 to 3.18) for @entity64 . The association between @entity583 was significant for @entity309 seropositivity (HR=1.23, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48). CONCLUSIONS: In this predominantly older male @entity309 cohort, there was no clear association between LDL-C and @entity301 , whereas higher HDL-C was inversely associated with @entity583 and @entity64 . CRP and ESR were similarly associated with increase @entity583 risk and @entity64 , reflecting the prominent role of @entity32 in @entity301 risk in @entity309 .

title: Association of hyperlipidaemia, XXXX and serological status and @entity301 among @entity1 with @entity309 : data from the National Veterans Health Administration.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of serum lipids, @entity32 and seropositivity on @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: The incidence of hospitalised @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity64 was calculated in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 receiving care within the national Veterans Health Administration from 1998 to 2011. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between these outcomes and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity1851 (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as time-varying variables, divided into quintiles. RESULTS: There were 37   568 @entity1 with @entity309 in the cohort with mean age of 63   years (SD 12.1); 90% were @entity1 . There was a no clear association between LDL-C and @entity301 / @entity64 . Compared with lower HDL-C (<34   mg/dL), higher HDL-C (>= 54   mg/dL) was inversely associated with @entity583 (hazard ratio (HR)=0.68, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.85) and @entity64 (HR=0.69, 95% CI 0.50 to  0.96). Higher CRP >2.17   mg/dL (vs CRP <0.26   mg/dL) was associated with increased risk (HR=2.43, 95% CI 1.77 to  3.33) for @entity583 and 2.02 (95% CI 1.32 to 3.08) for @entity64 . ESR >47   mm/h compared with <8   mm/h had an HR 1.87 (95% CI 1.39 to  2.52) for @entity583 and 2.00 (95% CI 1.26 to 3.18) for @entity64 . The association between @entity583 was significant for @entity309 seropositivity (HR=1.23, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48). CONCLUSIONS: In this predominantly older male @entity309 cohort, there was no clear association between LDL-C and @entity301 , whereas higher HDL-C was inversely associated with @entity583 and @entity64 . CRP and ESR were similarly associated with increase @entity583 risk and @entity64 , reflecting the prominent role of @entity32 in @entity301 risk in @entity309 .

title: Association of hyperlipidaemia, @entity32 and serological status and @entity301 among XXXX with @entity309 : data from the National Veterans Health Administration.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biomarkers are frequently used to estimate @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) as an endpoint in experimental and clinical studies. Here, we prospectively studied the impact of left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 (LVH) on biomarker release in clinical and experimental @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 (n=140) were monitored for total @entity908 kinase (CK) and @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) over 72 hours postinfarction and were examined by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) at 1 week and 6 months postinfarction. @entity583 was generated in @entity1707 with induced LVH (n=10) and in sham-operated @entity1707 (n=8), and serial total CK and @entity6949 measurements were performed and CMR scans conducted at 7 days postinfarction. Regression analysis was used to study the influence of LVH on total CK and @entity6949 release and @entity1188 estimated by CMR (gold standard). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to study the discriminatory capacity of the area under the curve (AUC) of @entity6949 and total CK in predicting @entity1002 . Cardiomyocyte @entity6949 expression was quantified in myocardial sections from LVH and sham-operated @entity1707 . In both the clinical and experimental studies, LVH was associated with significantly higher peak and AUC of @entity6949 , but not with differences in total CK. ROC curves showed that the discriminatory capacity of AUC of @entity6949 to predict @entity1002 was significantly worse for @entity1 with LVH. LVH did not affect the capacity of total CK to estimate @entity1188 or @entity1002 . Immunofluorescence analysis revealed significantly higher @entity6949 content in @entity1184 . CONCLUSIONS: Peak and AUC of @entity6949 both significantly overestimate @entity1188 in the presence of LVH, owing to the higher troponin content per cardiomyocyte. In the setting of LVH, @entity6949 release during @entity583 poorly predicts postinfarction @entity1002 . LV mass should be taken into consideration when @entity1188 or LV function are estimated by troponin release.

title: Impact of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on Troponin Release During XXXX : New Insights From a Comprehensive Translational Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyocytes', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'infarct size']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Acute Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this prospective study was to report the long-term risks of @entity717 cuff @entity1283 and symptom progression associated with degenerative asymptomatic tears. METHODS: Subjects with an asymptomatic @entity717 cuff tear in one shoulder and @entity158 due to @entity717 cuff disease in the contralateral shoulder enrolled as part of a prospective longitudinal study. Two hundred and twenty-four subjects (118 initial full-thickness tears, fifty-six initial partial-thickness tears, and fifty controls) were followed for a median of 5.1 years. Validated functional shoulder scores were calculated (visual analog @entity158 scale, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES], and simple shoulder test [SST] scores). Subjects were followed annually with shoulder ultrasonography and clinical evaluations. RESULTS: @entity1283 was seen in 49% of the shoulders, and the median time to enlargement was 2.8 years. The occurrence of @entity1283 was influenced by the severity of the final tear type, with enlargement of 61% of the full-thickness tears, 44% of the partial-thickness tears, and 14% of the controls (p < 0.05). Subject age and sex were not related to @entity1283 . One hundred subjects (46%) developed new @entity158 . The final tear type was associated with a greater risk of @entity158 development, with the new @entity158 developing in 28% of the controls, 46% of the shoulders with a partial-thickness tear, and 50% of those with a full-thickness tear (p < 0.05). The presence of @entity1283 was associated with the onset of new @entity158 (p < 0.05). Progressive degenerative changes of the supraspinatus muscle were associated with @entity1283 , with supraspinatus @entity121 increasing in 4% of the shoulders with a stable tear compared with 30% of the shoulders with @entity1283 (p < 0.05). Nine percent of the shoulders with a stable tear showed increased infraspinatus @entity121 compared with 28% of those in which the tear had enlarged (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the progressive nature of @entity717 . The risk of @entity1283 and progression of @entity121 is greater for shoulders with a full-thickness tear, and @entity1283 is associated with a greater risk of @entity158 development across all tear types. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: A prospective evaluation of survivorship of asymptomatic XXXX cuff tears.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotator', 'degenerative rotator cuff disease']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Tear enlargement', 'tear-enlargement events', 'tear enlargement']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle degeneration']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['degenerative rotator']