abstract: UNASSIGNED:     BACKGROUND: An approach to @entity2753 in @entity1381 @entity1 on @entity298 ( @entity298 ) necessitates the assessment of intracellular fluid volume (ICV) and extracellular volume (ECV). The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of plasma @entity1372 ( @entity4024 ) concentration and body fluid composition and identify the causes of @entity2753 in non-diabetic @entity298 @entity1 .     METHODS: Sixty non-diabetic @entity1381 @entity1 on @entity298 were enrolled. Baseline body fluid composition, biochemistry, hand-grip test, peritoneal membrane characteristics, dialysis adequacy, @entity4024 and water balance, and @entity177 ( @entity177 ) were measured. These parameters were reevaluated for those who developed @entity2753 , defined as serum @entity4024 concentration < 132 mmol/L and a decline in serum @entity4024 > 7 mmol/L, during monthly visits for 1 year. Body fluid composition was determined by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (BIA).     RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between serum @entity4024 concentrations and any other parameters except a negative correction with overnight ultrafiltration (UF) amount (p = 0.02). The ICV/ECV ratio was positively correlated with serum albumin (p < 0.005) and hand grip strength (p < 0.05). Over 1 year, 9 @entity1 (M:F = 3:6, aged 35 - 77) with 4 different etiologies of @entity2753 were identified. Hyponatremic @entity1 with a body weight (BW) loss had either an increased ICV/ECV ratio associated with primarily a negative @entity4024 balance (n = 2) or a reduced ratio of ICV/ECV associated with @entity3147 (n = 2). In contrast, hyponatremic @entity1 with a BW gain had either a reduced ICV/ECV ratio associated with a rapid loss of @entity177 and a higher peritoneal permeability (n = 2) or a normal to increased ICV/ECV ratio associated with high water intake (n = 3).     CONCLUSION: Besides BW change and ultrafiltration rate, the assessment of ICV/ECV ratio is valuable in identifying the etiologies of @entity2753 in @entity298 and provides a guide for optimal therapy.

title: Evaluating @entity2753 in Non-Diabetic Uremic XXXX on Peritoneal Dialysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity16110 commonly causes @entity1939 . It is critical to identify the factors altered in pathologically proliferating versus normally quiescent vessels to develop effective targeted therapeutics. MicroRNAs regulate both physiological and pathological angiogenesis through modulating expression of gene targets at the posttranscriptional level. However, it is not completely understood if specific microRNAs are altered in pathologic ocular blood vessels, influencing @entity2194 . Here we investigated the potential role of a specific microRNA, @entity38408 , in regulating @entity2194 . We found that @entity38408 was highly expressed in normal quiescent retinal blood vessels and significantly suppressed in pathologic neovessels in a @entity19 model of @entity26 -induced @entity989 . @entity38408 substantially decreased endothelial cell function including cell proliferation, @entity4222 , and tubular formation and specifically suppressed the expression of multiple angiogenic regulators, @entity9843 , @entity5237 , and @entity32366 , in endothelial cells. Intravitreal injection of @entity38408 mimic significantly decreased pathologic @entity2479 in vivo in both wild-type and @entity38408 knockout @entity19 . Loss of @entity38408 significantly promoted angiogenesis in aortic rings and choroidal explants ex vivo and laser-induced @entity1940 in vivo. In conclusion, @entity38408 is specifically enriched in quiescent normal vessels and functions as an endothelium-specific endogenous inhibitor of pathologic @entity2194 .

title: Endothelial microRNA-150 is an intrinsic suppressor of pathologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular neovascularization', 'vascular eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity16110 :: ('MESH:D009389', 'Disease') :: ['Pathologic ocular neovascularization']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular neovascularization']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3822 ( @entity3822 ) is an uncommon disease with multiple causes and unclear clinical outcomes. To date, few publications have clearly defined risk factors of poor outcomes after surgery for @entity3822 . We performed a retrospective analysis of almost 100 @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment for @entity3822 at a single institution in order to identify risk factors for perioperative and long-term mortality. METHODS: A total of 97 consecutive @entity1 (67.0% male) undergoing surgery for @entity3822 at our institution from 1995 to 2012 were included in the study. @entity3822 was diagnosed either preoperatively by cardiac catheterization and appropriate imaging or during surgery. Preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for 30-day and late mortality were analysed using stepwise multivariate logistic and Cox regression analyses. Median follow-up was 1.23    3.96 years (mean 3.08    3.96 years). RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 60.0    12.5 years and the underlying aetiology was idiopathic (50.5%), prior cardiac surgery (15.5%), prior mediastinal radiation (9.3%), and miscellaneous (24.7%). All @entity1 underwent either radical (55.2%) or partial (44.8%) pericardiectomy. Concomitant procedures were performed in 54 (55.7%) @entity1 . The total procedure time was 197.0    105.0 min. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was used in 62 @entity1 with a corresponding CPB time of 124.8    68.4 min. In those @entity1 who underwent CPB, @entity1167 was performed in 53.2% of @entity1 with a mean cross-clamp time of 74.9    41.9 min. Overall 30-day, 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 81.4, 66.5 and 51.6%, respectively, without significant differences according to the underlying aetiology. Multivariate analysis revealed @entity1 with reduced @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) [P = 0.01, odds ratio (OR) 3.6] and preoperative @entity1001 (P = 0.04, OR 3.5) to be at significant risk of early mortality. Long-term mortality was independently predicted by the presence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) [P < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) 6.44], @entity1030 (P = 0.001, HR 4.21) and preoperative @entity177 (P = 0.012, HR 1.8). Concomitant tricuspid valve repair (TVR) appeared to provide protective effect on the long-term survival (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for @entity3822 is associated with a significant risk based on the poor preoperative @entity1 status. Whenever justified, partial over radical pericardiectomy should be preferred and TVR should be indicated liberally. Reduced @entity1002 and @entity1001 were independent predictors for early mortality, whereas @entity453 , @entity1030 and @entity177 were risk factors for late mortality. Thus, an optimal timing for surgery on @entity3822 remains crucial to avoid secondary morbidity with an even worse natural prognosis.

title: Risk factors for mortality after pericardiectomy for chronic XXXX in a large single-centre cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'Constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity3822 :: (MESH:D010494,Disease) :: ['constrictive pericarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Micro-sized @entity2220 with a @entity5 of 1.0 cm or less could help identify the @entity1 who would undergo the surgery treatment with limited resection; however, its clinical characteristics and survival rates remain unclear and are to be tested further. METHODS: Histology, lymphatic @entity3 , surgical procedure and survival rates of 366 @entity2220 @entity1 (from January 2007 to December 2013) with a @entity5 of 2.0 cm or less were analysed retrospectively. Among these @entity1 , 175 had a primary @entity5 with a diameter of 1.0 cm or less and 191 had a @entity5 of 1.1-2.0 cm. The survival of 366 @entity1 was evaluated by the restricted mean survival time (RMST) test, and the risk factors were assessed by multivariable analysis. RESULTS: Larger lesion had a significant relation to old age, male sex, preoperatively @entity787 ( @entity787 ) positive, invasive @entity420 (IAC) and advanced-stage disease (P < 0.0001, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). @entity1 with @entity15709 ( @entity15709 )/minimally invasive @entity420 obtained a better prognosis than those with IAC (5-year overall survival rate: 98.5 vs 84.3%, P = 0.001; disease-related survival rate: 98.5 versus 85.2%, P = 0.001). The 5-year overall survival rates of @entity1 with a @entity5 less than 1.0 cm in comparison with 1.1-2.0 cm were 100.0 and 88.4% (P < 0.001), whereas the 5-year @entity2220 -specific survival rates were 100.0 and 89.0% (P < 0.001), respectively. Multivariable analysis for prognosis of @entity2220 @entity1 with a @entity5 2.0 cm or less in diameter revealed that histology, lymphatic @entity3 and advanced pathological stage affected the 5-year overall and disease-related survival rates unfavourably (P < 0.0001, 0.002, 0.001; and P < 0.0001, 0.005, 0.001, respectively), whereas @entity5 size did not have an obvious influence on survival. CONCLUSIONS: Micro-sized @entity2220 (1.0 cm or less) had specific clinical characteristics and more favourable survival rates. These @entity5 and a subtype of @entity15709 evaluated by computed tomography images or intraoperative frozen section may be appropriate candidates for a limited resection without mediastinal lymph node dissection.

title: Clinical characteristics and advantages of primary peripheral micro-sized XXXX over small-sized @entity2220 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Micro-sized @entity2220 with a @entity5 of 1.0 cm or less could help identify the @entity1 who would undergo the surgery treatment with limited resection; however, its clinical characteristics and survival rates remain unclear and are to be tested further. METHODS: Histology, lymphatic @entity3 , surgical procedure and survival rates of 366 @entity2220 @entity1 (from January 2007 to December 2013) with a @entity5 of 2.0 cm or less were analysed retrospectively. Among these @entity1 , 175 had a primary @entity5 with a diameter of 1.0 cm or less and 191 had a @entity5 of 1.1-2.0 cm. The survival of 366 @entity1 was evaluated by the restricted mean survival time (RMST) test, and the risk factors were assessed by multivariable analysis. RESULTS: Larger lesion had a significant relation to old age, male sex, preoperatively @entity787 ( @entity787 ) positive, invasive @entity420 (IAC) and advanced-stage disease (P < 0.0001, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). @entity1 with @entity15709 ( @entity15709 )/minimally invasive @entity420 obtained a better prognosis than those with IAC (5-year overall survival rate: 98.5 vs 84.3%, P = 0.001; disease-related survival rate: 98.5 versus 85.2%, P = 0.001). The 5-year overall survival rates of @entity1 with a @entity5 less than 1.0 cm in comparison with 1.1-2.0 cm were 100.0 and 88.4% (P < 0.001), whereas the 5-year @entity2220 -specific survival rates were 100.0 and 89.0% (P < 0.001), respectively. Multivariable analysis for prognosis of @entity2220 @entity1 with a @entity5 2.0 cm or less in diameter revealed that histology, lymphatic @entity3 and advanced pathological stage affected the 5-year overall and disease-related survival rates unfavourably (P < 0.0001, 0.002, 0.001; and P < 0.0001, 0.005, 0.001, respectively), whereas @entity5 size did not have an obvious influence on survival. CONCLUSIONS: Micro-sized @entity2220 (1.0 cm or less) had specific clinical characteristics and more favourable survival rates. These @entity5 and a subtype of @entity15709 evaluated by computed tomography images or intraoperative frozen section may be appropriate candidates for a limited resection without mediastinal lymph node dissection.

title: Clinical characteristics and advantages of primary peripheral micro-sized @entity2220 over small-sized XXXX .

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1457 is a frequent cause of @entity204 and a most important unresolved medical problem. Reduction of blood supply to the intestine during @entity63 disrupts the mucosal epithelial barrier allowing inflammatory materials in the lumen of the intestine, including digestive enzymes, to cross the intestinal wall (Fig. 1). The transport of digestive enzymes leads to uncontrolled digestive enzyme activity in the circulation, which generates cell/tissue damage and a strong inflammatory reaction. Recent studies have demonstrated that the uncontrolled proteolytic activity causes cleavage of important membrane receptors on the endothelial cells (e.g., @entity8683 , @entity12186 and @entity17937 ) and loss of the associated cell functions. So, understanding the contribution of degrading proteases to circulatory shock serves to elucidate the mechanisms leading to @entity881 and to detect potential biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets.(Figure is included in full-text article.) RESULTS: : We performed a label-free quantitative proteomic analysis comparing the peptidome of plasma samples from @entity35 without and with @entity548 to verify the possible role of uncontrolled proteolytic activity (Fig. 2). Peptides were differentially expressed if they were present only in the group without (C) or with @entity548 ( @entity8682 ) or if they had a significant difference in plasma concentration (cut-off values: fold change >1.5 or <0.67). 256 peptides were up-regulated or present only in @entity8682 group, while 60 peptides were down-regulated in the @entity8682 group or were present only in the C group.(Figure is included in full-text article.) CONCLUSION: : Our preliminary results suggest that there is an increase in protease activity into the systemic circulation following @entity548 leading to generation of peptide fragments in plasma.

title: HEM-6: ANALYSIS OF XXXX PLASMA PEPTIDOME IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Circulatory shock']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['RAT']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of a severe @entity548 on @entity19 @entity174 healing. METHODS: The Fx-group received a fixateur extern and an osteotomy on the right femur. The THFx-group additionally received a pressure controlled @entity548 (35 mmHg over 90 minutes, afterwards resuscitation with Ringer solution). Animals of the Sham-group received implantation of a catheter and fixateur extern but no @entity190 or osteotomy. After 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6 weeks, animals were analyzed via X-ray,  CT and 3-point bending test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Comparisons between groups were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: One week after surgery, all fractured bones were macroscopically instable. After two weeks the Fx-group showed a stable bridging, whereas the bones of the group THFx were instable in 50% of the cases (Fig. 1). Interestingly, the 2-week THFx @entity19 showed a stable bridging with a @entity190 under 30% of the whole blood volume, whereas animals with a @entity190 higher than 30% showed an instable @entity174 . 3 weeks after surgery, the bones of both groups were bridged. First results of the 3-point binding tests showed a reduced tensile strength of the THFx groups after 2- and 3-weeks, in comparison to the Fx group.(Figure is included in full-text article.) CONCLUSION: : A @entity548 has a negative effect on the @entity174 healing. In this context the amount of the removed blood in terms of a '30% threshold' plays a decisive role.

title: HEM-10: A SEVERE HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK LEADS TO A DELAYED FRACTURE HEALING AND BIOMECHANICAL INSTABILITY IN A XXXX MODEL.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['MURINE']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effects of guideline-based therapies for severe @entity295 and @entity326 on @entity1213 ( @entity1213 )- and hospital length of stay (LOS) is discussed controversely. Long-term trials are not existing. METHODS: In this prospective longitudinal intervention study a continuous training program for @entity1213 staff was performed especially focusing on the resuscitation bundle. From 2006-2013, all @entity1213 @entity1 >= 18 years with severe @entity295 or @entity326 were enrolled. @entity1213 - and hospital LOS during the training program (2008-2013) were compared to data from 2006-2007. Data are represented as median and interquartile range. RESULTS: 1382 @entity1 were included (506 medical, 876 surgical). @entity1213 LOS after @entity295 diagnosis (20d [7;43] to 11d [4;26]; P<0.001) and hospital LOS (44d [28;67] to 36d [23;58]; P=0.027) decreased significantly for surviving @entity1 . @entity1213 LOS after @entity295 diagnosis for medical @entity1 decreased from 24d [6;42] to 12d [3;33] (P=0.178); hospital LOS decreased from 43d [25;56] to 36d [23;64] (P=0.905). However, statistical significance could not be demonstrated for medical @entity1 because of extreme variations. For surgical @entity1 @entity1213 LOS after @entity295 diagnosis significantly decreased from 19d [8;45] to 10d [5;24] (P<0.001). Hospital LOS decreased from 51d [29;76] to 36d [22;57] (P=0.004). @entity1213 LOS was reduced by 48% for medical and by 47% for surgical @entity1 . Hospital LOS was reduced by 17% for medical and by 29% for surgical @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The present guideline-based program reduced @entity1213 - and hospital LOS for @entity1 with severe @entity295 and @entity326 .

title: SEP-6: SUSTAINED REDUCTION OF INTENSIVE sCARE- AND HOSPITAL LENGTH OF STAY FOR SEVERE SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK XXXX BY A CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM OVER 7.5 YEARS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Among the many factors influencing the effectiveness of @entity65 , tissue prolapse indicates the potential of a stent to cause @entity256 . The deflection of the arterial wall between the struts of the stent and the tissue is known as a prolapse or draping. The prolapse is associated with @entity131 to the vessel wall due to the high stresses generated around the stent when it expands. The current study investigates the impact of @entity850 severity and plaque morphology on prolapse in stented coronary arteries. A finite element method is applied for the stent, plaque, and artery set to quantify the tissue prolapse and the corresponding stresses in stenosed coronary arteries. The variable size of @entity731 is considered. A plaque is modelled as a multi-layered medium with different thicknesses attached to the single layer of an arterial wall. The results reveal that the tissue prolapse is influenced by the degree of @entity850 severity and the thickness of the plaque layers. Stresses are observed to be significantly different between the plaque layers and the arterial wall tissue. Higher stresses are concentrated in @entity82 layer of the plaque (the harder core), while lower stresses are observed in @entity39 core (the softer core) and the arterial wall layer. Moreover, the morphology of the plaque regulates the magnitude and distribution of the stress. The fibrous cap between the @entity39 core and the endothelium constitutes the most influential layer to alter the stresses. In addition, the thickness of the @entity39 core and the @entity850 severity affect the stresses. This study reveals that the morphology of @entity731 needs to be considered a key parameter in designing coronary stents.

title: Tissue prolapse and stresses in stented coronary arteries: A computer model for multi-layer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['injury and damage']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular stents']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']


abstract: The authors describe a noninvasive method of estimating the kinetic constants that characterize metabolism of inhaled anesthetics in @entity1 . Ten healthy male volunteers breathed subanesthetic concentrations of @entity1508 and @entity5161 in a fixed inspired ratio of 20:1. @entity5161 served as a marker that identified changes in uptake in nonmetabolizing depots. Each study progressed through nine 30-min levels (numbered 0-8). At each level, inspired concentrations of both @entity1508 and @entity5161 were doubled, and alveolar concentrations and uptakes were determined. Clearance (uptake/alveolar concentration) of @entity5161 remained constant over a range of concentrations of 0.00006 to 0.008%. In contrast, clearance of @entity1508 decreased as the alveolar concentration increased from 0.0007 to 0.13%. On this basis, the authors assumed that the clearance of @entity1508 was a combination of linear clearance to depots and saturable metabolism, the former proportional to the clearance of @entity5161 , and the latter attributable to a Michaelis-Menten process. Applying such a model to @entity1508 , they estimated the mean (+/- SE) Vmax (the composite maximum rate of metabolism) to be 0.79 +/- 0.09 ml . @entity1009 . individual-1, and the Km (the composite concentration at which half-saturation of enzymes occurs) to be 0.029 +/- 0.003%. This model provides a significantly better data fit than that provided by two simpler submodels, one of which assumes that all clearance is linear, and the other of which allows a part of clearance to be saturable but ignores the @entity5161 marker data. The value of 0.029% for Km indicates that a wide range of clinical anesthetic concentrations will produce similar rates of metabolism; that metabolism will proceed at near maximum rates during the first several minutes of recovery; and that most metabolism probably occurs after, rather than during, anesthesia.

title: A noninvasive in vivo method of assessing the kinetics of XXXX metabolism in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

answer: @entity1508 :: (MESH:D006221,Chemical) :: ['halothane']


abstract: The authors describe a noninvasive method of estimating the kinetic constants that characterize metabolism of inhaled anesthetics in @entity1 . Ten healthy male volunteers breathed subanesthetic concentrations of @entity1508 and @entity5161 in a fixed inspired ratio of 20:1. @entity5161 served as a marker that identified changes in uptake in nonmetabolizing depots. Each study progressed through nine 30-min levels (numbered 0-8). At each level, inspired concentrations of both @entity1508 and @entity5161 were doubled, and alveolar concentrations and uptakes were determined. Clearance (uptake/alveolar concentration) of @entity5161 remained constant over a range of concentrations of 0.00006 to 0.008%. In contrast, clearance of @entity1508 decreased as the alveolar concentration increased from 0.0007 to 0.13%. On this basis, the authors assumed that the clearance of @entity1508 was a combination of linear clearance to depots and saturable metabolism, the former proportional to the clearance of @entity5161 , and the latter attributable to a Michaelis-Menten process. Applying such a model to @entity1508 , they estimated the mean (+/- SE) Vmax (the composite maximum rate of metabolism) to be 0.79 +/- 0.09 ml . @entity1009 . individual-1, and the Km (the composite concentration at which half-saturation of enzymes occurs) to be 0.029 +/- 0.003%. This model provides a significantly better data fit than that provided by two simpler submodels, one of which assumes that all clearance is linear, and the other of which allows a part of clearance to be saturable but ignores the @entity5161 marker data. The value of 0.029% for Km indicates that a wide range of clinical anesthetic concentrations will produce similar rates of metabolism; that metabolism will proceed at near maximum rates during the first several minutes of recovery; and that most metabolism probably occurs after, rather than during, anesthesia.

title: A noninvasive in vivo method of assessing the kinetics of @entity1508 metabolism in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: 42 @entity1 suffering from @entity364 involving the bearded area, face and neck ( @entity4013 ) were seen in the Clinic between 1970 and 1977. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination (KOH) of skin and hair scrapings in all the @entity1 . The material obtained from 39 @entity1 and inoculated gave a positive culture; in were isolated and following fungi: @entity12734 -18, @entity12736 -16, @entity12734 -1, T. violaceum-2, @entity14476 -2. From the clinical point of veiw it was possible to classify the @entity1 in 3 main types: --Superficial type-11 @entity1 . --Kerion-10 @entity1 ( @entity12736 -9, @entity14476 -1). --Nodular type-deep seated nodules, without discharging, very slow evolution - 21 @entity1 ( @entity12736 -4, @entity12734 -13, @entity12734 -1, T. violaceum-1). It was obtained material for histology in 13 @entity1 : 3 suffering from kerion and 10 with the nodular clinical type. The histology of the Kerion type showed a marked inflammatory reaction consisting largely of neutrophils surrounding the hair follicles. Only in one examination, out of the 3 @entity1 studied with Kerion, showed fungi, on PAS. The 10 @entity1 suffering from the nodular type of @entity281 who were studied histologically showed a more or less uniform picture, which consisted in a more deep seated infiltration specially consisting of lymphocytes and plasmocytes, on the derme but not so perifollicular as in Kerion and, in 2 cases, there was a tendency to form a tuberculoid structure. The PAS was positive in 6 @entity1 . The fungi were always intrafollicular. All the @entity1 were treated with griseofulvin 1 gr. per day. All of them healed after a period of 4-8 weeks of treatment.

title: [Sycosis of the beard ( XXXX ). Analysis of 42 cases].

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['tinea barbae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytic fungus infection']

entities_list: @entity12736 :: ('523103', 'Species') :: ['T. mentagrophytes']

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['T rubrum', 'T. rubrum', 'T. megninii']

answer: @entity4013 :: (MESH:D014005,Disease) :: ['tinea barbae']


abstract: @entity1137 of the breast, a term which we prefer to that of @entity1137 in @entity2735 , is a multifocal microscopic entity of uncertain and controversial clinical significance. @entity1137 is a incidental histological finding among otherwise benign breast biopsies (0.5%-3.5%) depending mainly upon the diagnostic intensity. Its extent is rarely so massive that it makes up a palpable @entity5 . Although this lesion may be demonstrated at all ages after puberty it occurs most often in premenopausal @entity1 . The multicentricity is not below 70% and bilateral occurrence not below 30-35%. @entity1137 in situ means a 7-12 times greater risk of later developing @entity0 as compared with an age corrected general population. Both breast are at risk and about one half of these @entity189 will develop in the controlateral breast. Attempts at correlating the histological appearances in @entity1137 with the subsequent occurrence of @entity0 have generally be negative. From this data it appears that ipsilateral mastectomy will protect only one half of @entity1 with @entity1137 who will eventually develop @entity189 and the only surgical approach would perform a bilateral mastectomy. As an alternative to mastectomy, a careful program of frequent follow-up examinations, when possible is preferable.

title: [Lobular XXXX of the breast (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular neoplasia', 'Lobular Carcinoma', 'Demonstration of Lobular Carcinoma', 'Lobular Neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['subsequent carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Natural killer (NK) cells are the first defense against malignant cells, and their functions are severely impaired in individuals with @entity28 . However, it is not known whether functions can be re-activated after weight loss. The alterations of NK cell functions after fat mass reduction were investigated. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy adults with @entity28 were divided into control and experimental groups. @entity1 of the experimental group performed a 3-month program of exercise training and nutrition. Anthropometric, physiological, and metabolic parameters and plasma adipocytokines were determined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by means of flow cytometry and Western blot assay for various NK cell-specific functional parameters and leptin signaling components. NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay with leptin stimulation was performed. RESULTS: Male @entity1 significantly decreased their body fat mass (P   <   0.05) and increased physical fitness (P   <   0.05). Plasma leptin levels were significantly reduced (P   <   0.05) and intracellular @entity379 ) expression in CD56(dim) NK cells was significantly increased (P   <   0.001) 3 months after study end. Stimulation of @entity1 cells with different leptin dosages revealed a significant dose-dependent decrease of specific @entity5 cell lysis. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates a reactivation of NK cell functionality after body fat mass reduction in @entity1 with @entity28 .

title: Decreased NK cell functions in XXXX can be reactivated by fat mass reduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'NK-92', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma (IFN-y']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of @entity1 with histopathological findings compatible with @entity1560 of HNAL @entity1 between 2010-2012. Determine the frequency of alcoholic and @entity7936 , presence of @entity209 and other factors associated to @entity7936 , its main indications for liver biopsy and biochemical characteristics according to the severity of the histological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated all histological slides of liver biopsies of the period between 2010-2012, of which, those with the diagnosis of @entity1560 were selected. Their medical records were then reviewed. RESULTS: 32 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. 28 were female and 4 male, the average age was 49  12 years. Two @entity1 had a history of chronic @entity285 consumption, representing the group of @entity7936 . The more frequent clinical finding in @entity1 with @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ), was @entity28 (37%). 50% of @entity1 had AST/ALT ratio <1. CONCLUSIONS: Among population studied, @entity7936 was more common than @entity7936 , being @entity28 the most associated factor.

title: [Clinical and biochemical characteristics in XXXX with histology compatible with steatothepatitis in National Hospital Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru, from 2010 to 2012].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic steatohepatitis', 'NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Many @entity1245 used as anticonvulsants have @entity1568 radicals in positions 1 and 4. @entity8925 has @entity1568 radicals in positions 1 and 5. We studied the antiepileptic effect of clobazam in 36 @entity1 with intractable @entity302 in childhood. Their ages were 1 year 1 month to 16 years 5 months (mean 8 years). The mean initial dose was 0.33 mg/kg of daily doses and increased up to 0.71 mg/kg. Nine cases ( @entity6191 2/2, secondary generalized @entity302 7/29) were completely free from @entity410 , and another 9 (secondary generalized @entity302 8/29, @entity302 /5) experienced a decrease of 50% or more in @entity410 frequency. @entity410 frequency did not change in 16, and increased in the other 2 (secondary generalized @entity302 2/29). The antiepileptic effects were observed on the first day to 10th day after clobazam treatment. There were recurrences of @entity410 in 4 out of 9 @entity1 with complete control of @entity410 , 1 month alter in 3 and 10 months later in one. Mean serum clobazam level of 7 improved cases was 73 ng/ml and that of 3 cases with no response was 94 ng/ml. Although mild clinical side effects such as drowsiness were observed transiently in 17 cases, no abnormality was found in laboratory investigations performed.

title: Antiepileptic effects of clobazam in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity8925 :: ('MESH:C012255', 'Chemical') :: ['Clobazam']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy 1']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['primary generalized epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) requires prompt diagnosis and treatment for optimal management. AIMS: To examine whether a putative "weekend effect" impact outcomes of @entity1 hospitalized for @entity697 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 admitted with @entity697 between 2009 and 2012. After excluding those not meeting Tokyo consensus criteria for @entity697 , the cohort was categorized into weekend (Saturday-Sunday) and weekday (Monday-Friday) hospital admission and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) groups. Primary outcome was length of stay (LOS); secondary outcomes included ERC performance, organ failure, and mortality. Groups were compared with Chi-square and t tests; predictors of LOS were assessed with linear regression. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 181 @entity1 (mean age 63.1  years, 62.4  % male). @entity2877 was the most common etiology of @entity697 (29.4  %). Fifty-two @entity1 (28.7  %) were admitted on a weekend and 129 (71.3  %) on a weekday. One hundred forty-one @entity1 (78  %) underwent ERC, of which 120 (85  %) were on a weekday. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, LOS, proportion undergoing ERC, time to ERC, organ failure, or mortality between weekend and weekday admission groups. Similarly, there were no significant differences between weekend and weekday ERC groups. In multivariate analyses, international normalized ratio (p  <  0.01) and intensive care unit triage (p  <  0.01) were independent predictors of LOS, whereas weekend admission (p  =  0.23) and weekend ERC (p  =  0.74) were not. CONCLUSIONS: Weekend admission and weekend ERC do not negatively impact outcomes of @entity1 hospitalized with acute @entity255 at a tertiary care center. Further studies, particularly in centers with less weekend resources or staffing, are indicated.

title: Weekend Admission for XXXX Does Not Adversely Impact Clinical or Endoscopic Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'Acute cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['Choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute Cholangitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Large numbers of @entity1 are unknowingly exposed to @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) from wireless devices. Evidence exists for altered cerebellar development in association with prenatal exposure to @entity2194 . However, insufficient information is still available regarding the effects of exposure to 900 megahertz (MHz) @entity2194 during the prenatal period on subsequent postnatal cerebellar development. This study was planned to investigate the 32-day-old female @entity35 pup cerebellum following exposure to 900MHz @entity2194 during the prenatal period using stereological and histopathological evaluation methods. Pregnant @entity35 were divided into control, sham and @entity2194 groups. Pregnant @entity2194 group (PEMFG) @entity35 were exposed to 900MHz @entity2194 for 1h inside an @entity2194 cage during days 13-21 of pregnancy. Pregnant sham group (PSG) @entity35 were also placed inside the @entity2194 cage during days 13-21 of pregnancy for 1h, but were not exposed to any @entity2194 . No procedure was performed on the pregnant control group (PCG) @entity35 . Newborn control group (CG) @entity35 were obtained from the PCG mothers, newborn sham group (SG) @entity35 from the PSG and newborn @entity2194 group (EMFG) @entity35 from the PEMFG @entity35 . The cerebellums of the newborn female @entity35 were extracted on postnatal day 32. The number of Purkinje cells was estimated stereologically, and histopathological evaluations were also performed on cerebellar sections. Total Purkinje cell numbers calculated using stereological analysis were significantly lower in EMFG compared to CG (p<0.05) and SG (p<0.05). Additionally, some pathological changes such as pyknotic neurons with dark cytoplasm were observed in EMFG sections under light microscopy. In conclusion, our study results show that prenatal exposure to @entity2194 affects the development of Purkinje cells in the female @entity35 cerebellum and that the consequences of this pathological effect persist after the postnatal period.

title: Maternal exposure to a continuous 900-MHz electromagnetic field provokes neuronal loss and pathological changes in cerebellum of 32-day-old female XXXX offspring.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['EMF', 'electromagnetic fields']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity205 (Cy A; 15 mg/kg s.c.) allows allogeneic histoincompatible skin graft survival in 10 of 10 @entity95 as long as the drug is given. The same dose of Cy A does not affect acute @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) and increase survival of @entity95 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation between the same two strains, when two groups of 15 animals are tested. Median survival of 14 engrafted animals without Cy A was 23 days, of 12 engrafted animals with Cy A 22 days (not significant). Cryopreservation of bone @entity236 the onset of @entity2132 and increases survival of engrafted animals. Median survival of 5 engrafted animals without Cy A was 33 days, of 14 engrafted animals with Cy A 35 days. Our hypothesis is that one part of early @entity2132 as well as of early graft rejection is mediated by a subclass of cells which is resistant to Cy A. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that most transplanted skins show a self-limited period of infiltration and induration. Skin grafts survive this period of infiltration. If the same potentially self-limited process occurs in the liver or the intestine during acute @entity2132 , animals die. this hypothesis could explain why Cy A allows skin graft survival but does not affect acute @entity2132 .

title: Histoincompatible skin and marrow grafts in @entity95 on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow delays']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin A']


abstract: @entity205 (Cy A; 15 mg/kg s.c.) allows allogeneic histoincompatible skin graft survival in 10 of 10 @entity95 as long as the drug is given. The same dose of Cy A does not affect acute @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) and increase survival of @entity95 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation between the same two strains, when two groups of 15 animals are tested. Median survival of 14 engrafted animals without Cy A was 23 days, of 12 engrafted animals with Cy A 22 days (not significant). Cryopreservation of bone @entity236 the onset of @entity2132 and increases survival of engrafted animals. Median survival of 5 engrafted animals without Cy A was 33 days, of 14 engrafted animals with Cy A 35 days. Our hypothesis is that one part of early @entity2132 as well as of early graft rejection is mediated by a subclass of cells which is resistant to Cy A. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that most transplanted skins show a self-limited period of infiltration and induration. Skin grafts survive this period of infiltration. If the same potentially self-limited process occurs in the liver or the intestine during acute @entity2132 , animals die. this hypothesis could explain why Cy A allows skin graft survival but does not affect acute @entity2132 .

title: Histoincompatible skin and marrow grafts in XXXX on @entity205 .

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Studies of clinical, audiometric and histological defects in @entity1 with conductive @entity8719 , demonstrated the occurrence of subclinical manifestations in the hair, nails, joints and teeth. Light-microscopic examination of the skin in these @entity1 has shown metachromasia of the ground substance and @entity179 in the collagen and elastic fibres. @entity2526 , in the organs developing from the ectoderm and mesoderm, led to the conclusion that @entity8719 is a universal disease characterized by ectomesodermal insufficiency, a @entity1887 . Optical measurement of the corneal thickness by corneometry has been introduced as an objective method for the diagnosis of @entity1887 . This method, now used routinely in our clinic, shows a high frequency of abnormal corneal thickness among @entity1 with @entity8719 . Such a @entity1 is termed 'cornea-positive'. @entity8719 with pure @entity1274 has been studied by X-ray in axial and semiaxial tomography. These @entity1 were often X-ray positive and among them there were many cornea-positive individuals. Cases with noise-induced @entity393 may also be cornea-positive, i.e. they may exhibit, @entity1887 indicating that their hearing organs are characterized by a decreased resistance to noise. Corneometry has shown its value in the diagnosis of insufficient somatic constitution typical of individuals at risk.

title: @entity1274 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis', 'Cochlear otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['somatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['Structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['somatic insufficiency']


abstract: Studies of clinical, audiometric and histological defects in @entity1 with conductive @entity8719 , demonstrated the occurrence of subclinical manifestations in the hair, nails, joints and teeth. Light-microscopic examination of the skin in these @entity1 has shown metachromasia of the ground substance and @entity179 in the collagen and elastic fibres. @entity2526 , in the organs developing from the ectoderm and mesoderm, led to the conclusion that @entity8719 is a universal disease characterized by ectomesodermal insufficiency, a @entity1887 . Optical measurement of the corneal thickness by corneometry has been introduced as an objective method for the diagnosis of @entity1887 . This method, now used routinely in our clinic, shows a high frequency of abnormal corneal thickness among @entity1 with @entity8719 . Such a @entity1 is termed 'cornea-positive'. @entity8719 with pure @entity1274 has been studied by X-ray in axial and semiaxial tomography. These @entity1 were often X-ray positive and among them there were many cornea-positive individuals. Cases with noise-induced @entity393 may also be cornea-positive, i.e. they may exhibit, @entity1887 indicating that their hearing organs are characterized by a decreased resistance to noise. Corneometry has shown its value in the diagnosis of insufficient somatic constitution typical of individuals at risk.

title: XXXX and @entity1887 .

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['Sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: Automutilation of the @entity267 occurs more frequently than is generally supposed. The @entity1 , particularly at his first visit, certainly will not reveal the cause of the @entity75 . In two University Eye Clinics 19 @entity1 were seen in whom the diagnosis of automutilation of the @entity267 could be made. It is important for the ophthalmologist to bear the possibility of automutilation in mind. In 6 of our @entity1 corneal grafts were performed. All these grafts failed because of further automutilation. Corneal transplantation is certainly not indicated; these operations were performed because the @entity1 's true condition had not been spotted in time. Better forms of treatment are tarsorrhaphy or the application of closely occluding bandages. In this way fair results were obtained in 2 cases. It is wrong to force the @entity1 to a confrontation (i.e. to tell him that automutilation is suspected). Confrontation can lead to more severe @entity146 . In all cases @entity146 treatment is absolutely essential. The ophthalmological prognosis for this condition is poor and @entity146 help is quite often refused.

title: Automutilation of the XXXX . I. Ophthalmological aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cornea lesion']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pregnant smokers may be offered @entity1239 replacement therapy (NRT) alongside behavioral support to assist with a quit attempt. Yet trials of NRT have found adherence to be low among pregnant @entity1 , and this has made it difficult to determine the efficacy of NRT. The aim of this study is to understand the experience of pregnant @entity1 who use NRT but discontinue this early or do not use the medication as recommended. METHODS: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 14 pregnant smokers who had recently been prescribed NRT, but self-reported poor NRT adherence or discontinuing treatment prematurely. Data were transcribed and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis RESULTS: There were four main themes identified; expectations of NRT, experience of using NRT, safety concerns and experience of using e-cigarettes. Some @entity1 intentionally used NRT to substitute a proportion of their cigarette intake and smoked alongside. Most @entity1 smoked while using NRT. @entity1 who underutilized NRT did so as they experienced side effects, or were concerned that using NRT instead of smoking could actually increase their @entity1239 exposure and potential for increased @entity1239 dependence or fetal harm. Most @entity1 spoke about the use of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation method but only a few had actually experienced using them during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Many @entity1 underused NRT but simultaneously smoked. Challenging negative perceptions about NRT and educating @entity1 further about the risks of smoking may encourage them to use NRT products as recommended. IMPLICATIONS: These findings add to the research surrounding the efficacy of NRT during pregnancy by providing insight into how pregnant @entity1 use NRT during a quit attempt and how this may influence adherence. It may assist health professionals to support pregnant smokers by increasing their understanding about the differing ways in which @entity1 use NRT and help them address concerns @entity1 may have about the safety of NRT.

title: Understanding Pregnant Smokers' Adherence to XXXX Replacement Therapy During a Quit Attempt: A Qualitative Study.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['Nicotine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4495 ( @entity10611 ) is synthesized and transferred to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). @entity10611 -anchored proteins are then transported from the ER to the plasma membrane through the Golgi apparatus. To date, at least 17 steps have been identified to be required for the @entity10611 biosynthetic pathway. Here, we aimed to establish a comprehensive screening method to identify genes involved in @entity10611 biosynthesis using @entity1 haploid screens. @entity1 haploid cells were mutagenized by the integration of gene trap vectors into the genome. Mutagenized cells were then treated with a bacterial pore-forming toxin, aerolysin, which binds to @entity10611 -anchored proteins for targeting to the cell membrane. Cells that showed low surface expression of @entity1009 , a @entity10611 -anchored protein, were further enriched for. Gene trap insertion sites in the non-selected population and in the enriched population were determined by deep sequencing. This screening enriched 23 gene regions among the 26 known @entity10611 biosynthetic genes, which when mutated are expected to decrease the surface expression of @entity10611 -anchored proteins. Our results indicate that the forward genetic approach using haploid cells is a useful and powerful technique to identify factors involved in phenotypes of interest.

title: Genome-Wide Screening of Genes Required for XXXX Biosynthesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity4495 :: (MESH:D017261,Chemical) :: ['Glycosylphosphatidylinositol']


abstract: Between March, 1978, and August, 1980, 7 neonates with a left posterolateral diaphragmatic @entity547 were seen in respiratory distress within 12 hours of birth. Each had severe @entity520 and @entity519 . They were immediately intubated and ventilated. Arterial and central venous lines were inserted, the @entity520 was partially corrected, and a @entity935 infusion of 5 microgram/kg/min was begun immediately. Continuous monitoring of arterial and venous pressures, core, and skin temperatures, blood gases, and pH was instituted. @entity2914 were repaired by direct suture in 5 neonates and by Gore-Tex patches in the other 2. The left lung in all @entity1 was hypoplastic. Ventilation and inotropic support were continued for 4 to 5 days post-operatively, and close control of acid-base balance was maintained. All the @entity1 are doing well. We consider the key to survival to be management of the dangerous combination of @entity520 (by enhancing peripheral and renal perfusion with @entity935 ) and @entity519 (by prolonged assisted ventilation).

title: The management of neonatal posterolateral diaphragmatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['Diaphragmatic defects']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: During the study of suspected @entity580 within a hospital, epidemiological typing techniques are often employed to aid in the identification of transmission patterns of nosocomially-acquired bacteria. In this study, five bacteriological typing methods were assessed for their ability to type and differentiate 100 clinical isolates of @entity5609 . The methods evaluated include biotyping, bacteriophage typing with the method of Hickman and Farmer and the scheme of Schmidt and Jeffries, and typing by both @entity5618 production and @entity5618 sensitivity. Each of the phage and @entity5618 methods were further evaluated by typing 14 isolates of @entity9700 derived from an outbreak of infection on a surgical intensive care unit. All 100 isolates were typed by biochemical characteristics and were divided into seven distinct biotypes. Ninety-five percent of these strains were separated into 61 lysis patterns with the phage set of Hickman and Farmer whereas the Schmidt and Jeffries phage scheme was able to type 67% of the cultures into nine unique lysis patterns. @entity5618 sensitivity typing resulted in 41 distinct patterns with 71% of the strains typable and typing by @entity5618 production yielded 29 distinct @entity5618 types among the 80% typable strains. Typing by @entity5618 production demonstrated that 13 of the 14 epidemic isolates were the same strain. All epidemic-related cultures were untypable with the Hickman and Farmer phage set, whereas typing by @entity5618 sensitivity and the phage set of Schmidt and Jeffries resulted in two and four isolates typable, respectively. Based on the results of typing random and epidemic isolates of @entity9700 , @entity5618 production typing is recommended as a sensitive and specific typing method for future epidemiological surveys.

title: Comparison of epidemiological methods for differentiation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity5618 :: ('CHEBI:48081', 'Chemical') :: ['Bacteriocin', 'bacteriocin']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['cross-infection']

answer: @entity5609 :: (584,Species) :: ['Proteus mirabilis']


abstract: The effect of Corynebacterium parvum on survival was studied in aplastic @entity95 transplanted with allogeneic bone marrow cells. Twenty four hours after receiving 1200 rad of total body irradiation, NZW males were reconstituted from unrelated R females using bone marrow combined with spleen cells or with marrow alone. The effects of treating donor, or both donor and recipient, with @entity2432 were contrasted. @entity95 in Group I were infused with a mixture of bone marrow and spleen cells. In control aminals (Group Ia) none of the 14 animals survived to 40 days. Similarly, there were no survivors among 17 animals in group Ib where only the donors were pretreated with @entity2432 . When both donor and recipient received this agent (Group Ic) three of the 13 animals (23%) survived beyond 40 days. Animals in Group II were infused with marrow cells alone. Of the controls (Group IIa), 3 out of 24 animals (12.5%) survived to 40 days; pretreatment of the donor with @entity2432 (Group IIb) resulted in survival of 8 of the 18 animals (44%); when both donor and recipient received this agent (Group IIc), 16 of 26 animals (62%) survived beyond 40 days. Both the incidence and the severity of histologically demonstrable @entity2132 was markedly reduced in the surviving animals. These observations demonstrate a significant effect of parenteral @entity2432 on the prolongation of survival in the irradiated @entity95 following transplantation with allogeneic bone marrow cells, which is related to reduction in GVHD.

title: Improved survival mediated by Corynebacterium parvum following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: On treatment of @entity526 cells with @entity14241 , a @entity5296 -containing precursor of the major outer membrane lipoprotein accumulates in the cytoplasmic membrane (Hussain, M., Ichihara, S., and Mizushima, S. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3707-3712). When the envelope fraction from such cells was incubated in a suitable buffer, this precursor could be processed to the mature lipoprotein. The processing involved removal of the signal peptide and subsequent acylation of the @entity2733 terminus thus bared. Two types of peptidase and an acylation enzyme(s) were found to be involved in these processes. The enzyme that cleaves the signal peptide, called signal peptidase in this paper, had many unique properties: being highly resistant to high temperature, having a wide optimum pH range, and being highly sensitive to detergents. The other peptidase(s), called signal peptide peptidase in this paper, was assumed to be responsible for the digestion of the signal peptide that had been cleaved from the precursor lipoprotein. This enzyme was rather heat-sensitive. Thus the processing from the precursor to the mature lipoprotein at a high temperature resulted in accumulation of a peptide that was most probably the intact signal peptide. The third enzyme(s) involved in the processing was the one that is responsible for acylation of the newly bared @entity2733 terminus of the lipoprotein. The enzyme activity was also lost at 80 degrees C. In the light of these findings, the biosynthetic pathway of the lipoprotein is discussed.

title: Mechanism of signal peptide cleavage in the biosynthesis of the major lipoprotein of the XXXX outer membrane.

entities_list: @entity5296 :: ('CHEBI:17408', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceride']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity14241 :: ('MESH:C017339', 'Chemical') :: ['globomycin']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Twenty-two instances of @entity397 secondary to blunt thoracoabdominal @entity130 were seen at the @entity130 Unit of the Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada during a 30 year period. @entity4551 occurred in the right leaf in 11, in the left in ten, and in both sides in one instance. In 14, the diagnosis was made and repair effected within 24 hours of presentation. Seven were diagnosed and treated from three days to several years after the injury. Two @entity1 died soon after admission. They were victims of multiple intra-abdominal as well as @entity130 . Repair was generally effected through a laparotomy during the immediate post-traumatic period. Thoracotomy was used in those diagnosed after the latent interval. The diagnosis of diaphragmatic disruption should be considered in any @entity1 suffering from blunt thoracoabdominal @entity130 . Usually a roentgenogram of the chest will confirm the suspected injury. In contradistinction to most of the reported series, our experience indicates that right diaphragmatic @entity130 are more common than what is usually thought.

title: XXXX due to blunt abdominal trauma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4551 :: ('MESH:D022125', 'Disease') :: ['Diaphragmatic laceration']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic rupture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['intrathoracic injuries', 'injuries', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Diaphragmatic rupture']


abstract: @entity2462 hemaggluttination inhibition (HI) antibody determinations were performed in 1977 on a sample of California school @entity1 and in 1977-1979 on young @entity1 who were about to be married or who were pregnant. Among the pupils, 66 per cent reported prior @entity2462 immunization; immunization history was more common in younger pupils. Seventy-seven per cent had detectable antibody, with little trend of greater seropositivity at older ages. Over 86 per cent of those with a written record of immunization had detectable antibody. There was no consistent indication of loss of seropositivity with increasing time since immunization. @entity1 immunized at 12-14 months of age tended to have a lower seropositivity rate than those immunized at older ages. Among young @entity1 , the prevalence of detectable antibody was 80-83 per cent. Comparison with data obtained in 1968-1969 indicates that @entity2462 immunization has had a marked impact on antibody levels in @entity1 but less impact on levels in teenagers and adults. The pool of @entity2462 entering secondary schools will probably not decrease soon, so that @entity2462 outbreaks may continue in high school and college-age populations. Ultimately, school entry immunization requirements should drastically curtail disease activity. In the interim, programs to immunize teenagers and young adult females must be strengthened. (Am J Public Health 1982; 72:167-172.)

title: Public health implications of XXXX antibody levels in California.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2462 :: ('MESH:D012409', 'Disease') :: ['Rubella', 'rubella', 'rubella-susceptibles']

answer: @entity2462 :: (MESH:D012409,Disease) :: ['rubella']


abstract: Psoriatic epidermis has a rapid rate of turnover and produces a stratum corneum with an abnormal tonofilament composition. One polypeptide chain, (Mr 70,000) is absent or greatly decreased in relative amount and two other chains, (Mr 63,000 and 55,000), which are normally modified in the living cells, persists into the stratum corneum. Increasing the turnover of normal epidermis has been shown to cause the persistence of 63 and 55 kilodalton chains in the stratum corneum but does not affect the relative amount of 70 kilodalton chain. It has, therefore, been suggested that, in @entity1569 , the deficiency of the 70 kilodalton chain may occur prior to or simultaneously with the induction of increased tissue turnover. In the present study, the polypeptide chain composition of living @entity5144 has been examined. It is shown that the relative amounts of 70 kilodalton chain in psoriatic stratum corneum and involved living epidermis from the same site are not significantly different. The abnormality is, therefore, already present in the living cells and it appears that, in @entity1569 , the synthesis of the 70 kilodalton chain is defective. The uninvolved epidermis of psoriatics is intermediate between normal and involved @entity5144 both in the ability to synthesise the 70 kilodalton chain and to modify the 63 and 55 kilodalton chains. Comparisons of @entity535 compositions of proteins containing different proportions of 70 kilodalton chain suggest that it has a considerably higher content of @entity2228 and @entity563 than the other tonofilament chains. These studies suggest that the 70 kilodalton chain may be functionally different from the other tonofilament chains. The defect in its synthesis in @entity1569 is a relatively early event and may be involved with the induction of increased tissue turnover or induced by the same abnormal conditions as the increased tissue turnover.

title: The proteins of living XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic epidermis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic epidermis']


abstract: From 1970 to 1974 proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage was performed in 158 @entity1 for duodenal @entity1066 . One @entity1 died, giving an operative mortality of 0.6 per cent. Nine unrelated @entity204 occurred during the period of survey and 5 other @entity1 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 143 @entity1 were followed-up for a minimum of 5 years and a maximum of 9 years. The most frequent symptoms were epigastric fullness and intolerance to milk. Early dumping, detected in 6.7 per cent of the @entity1 , was always mild. @entity294 , also very slight and often only related to the ingestion of milk, was seen in 9.6 per cent. Recurrent duodenal @entity1066 was proved in 7.7 per cent and strongly suspected in 0.7 per cent and the presence of a new @entity2275 was also proved in 1.4 per cent of @entity1 , making a total incidence of recurrence of 9.8 per cent. Approximately 89 per cent of the @entity1 were classed as having a satisfactory result and 11 per cent were classed as unsatisfactory. @entity1819 is clearly effective in reducing the side effects of gastric surgery, while the incidence of recurrent ulceration in the long term is similar to the incidence of recurrence after truncal or selective vagotomy with a drainage procedure. For these reasons, consideration should be given to the wider use of proximal gastric vagotomy in the elective surgical treatment of duodenal @entity1066 .

title: Late results of proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage for duodenal XXXX : 5--9-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['Proximal gastric vagotomy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: Controversy exists whether the initiating events in @entity1569 are primarily epidermal or dermal (vascular). To study this point, serial biopsies from 6 @entity1 were taken from the periphery of individual plaques before, and at 1 to 3 day intervals during, Goeckerman and PUVA treatments. Part of the biopsy was studied by electron microscopy to determine the fine structure of the capillary loops and part was incubated with tritiated @entity1014 to determine the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) of the basal cells. Normal appearing buttock skin of the 11 other psoriatic @entity1 not under treatment was studied by identical methods. In 4 of the 6 treated @entity1 , the capillary loops began to return toward normal 3 to 8 days before the @entity894 began to decrease. Two @entity1 did not show a return toward normal of either capillaries or @entity894 during the period of the experiment. The @entity894 was elevated in the normal appearing buttock skin of 6 of 11 untreated psoriatics. In 4 of the 6, the loops were normal arterial capillaries. We did not observe abnormal (venous) capillaries associated with a normal @entity894 in the other 5 untreated @entity1 . These data support the concept that the initiating factors in @entity1569 are in the epidermis, but @entity1373 cannot occur without @entity455 . Understanding the factors responsible for shortening the capillary loops during epidermal normalization and for inhibition of capillary growth in the presence of an increased @entity894 could lead to other ways of controlling @entity1569 .

title: Role of the microcirculation in the treatment and pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular proliferation']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Sixteen @entity1 (median age 67 yrs.) with @entity1893 of the @entity1062 were studied. Twelve of these @entity1 had disease that was classified as local (Stages IE and IIE). Eight @entity1 had @entity4812 , 6 had diffuse poorly differentiated @entity1072 , 1 had both @entity706 , and 1 had nodular poorly differentiated @entity1072 . The overall median survival was 9.5 months. Para-aortic nodal involvement was the factor that had the strongest prognostic influence with the management methods used. Median survival without para-aortic nodal involvement was 57+ months, but with such involvement it was 6 months (p = 0.002). There is a high probability of generalized disease if @entity706 can be detected in the para-aortic nodes. For @entity1 with Stages IE and IIE disease, radical radiation therapy is the preferred treatment. For those with disseminated disease, chemotherapy, with irradiation reserved for symptomatic and bulky localized deposits, is the recommended method of management.

title: @entity1893 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoma and seminoma']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse histiocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: Sixteen @entity1 (median age 67 yrs.) with @entity1893 of the @entity1062 were studied. Twelve of these @entity1 had disease that was classified as local (Stages IE and IIE). Eight @entity1 had @entity4812 , 6 had diffuse poorly differentiated @entity1072 , 1 had both @entity706 , and 1 had nodular poorly differentiated @entity1072 . The overall median survival was 9.5 months. Para-aortic nodal involvement was the factor that had the strongest prognostic influence with the management methods used. Median survival without para-aortic nodal involvement was 57+ months, but with such involvement it was 6 months (p = 0.002). There is a high probability of generalized disease if @entity706 can be detected in the para-aortic nodes. For @entity1 with Stages IE and IIE disease, radical radiation therapy is the preferred treatment. For those with disseminated disease, chemotherapy, with irradiation reserved for symptomatic and bulky localized deposits, is the recommended method of management.

title: XXXX of the @entity1062 .

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non-Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: Feeding with Crotalaria spectabilis seeds induces structural changes in the pulmonary arterial circulation characteristic of @entity120 : increased medial and adventitial thickness, the appearance of muscle in smaller arteries than normal, and reduction in the number of peripheral arteries. By autoradiographic techniques, after injection of @entity665 into @entity35 fed Crotalaria for 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, or 35 days, the contribution of @entity1373 to these changes has been assessed at two levels of the pulmonary artery--the hilum and the periphery. In the @entity358 , a biphasic increase in @entity894 ( @entity894 ) is seen in each cell type. After 3 days of feeding, the medial smooth muscle cells show a slight but significant increase (1.5 times the control value), and, after 7 days, so do the adventitial fibroblasts (3 x) and the endothelial cells (EC) (2 x). After 14 days @entity894 for all three cell types is again at control values, but after 21 days (wall thickness is no increased) each cell type shows at least a fivefold increase; by 35 days all are again near control levels. In the intra-acinar region, by 14 days, "newly" muscularized arteries are identified and increase in number and proportion up to 35 days; @entity665 uptake is not evident in this cell type until 35 days have passed. The ECs of these arteries, however, show a striking increase in @entity894 after 14 days as do those of the @entity8025 . The ECs of the intra-acinar veins show a biphasic response being increased after 7, 28, and 35 days. The present study has shown that Crotalaria ingestion induces @entity1373 and @entity1184 of pulmonary arterial cells at pre- and intra-acinar levels. The early increase in @entity894 probably represents a response to the original cell injury, the later changes, a response to continuing damage or, in part, adaptation to the @entity120 now present.

title: Crotalaria-induced XXXX . Uptake of @entity665 by the cells of the pulmonary circulation and alveolar walls.

entities_list: @entity8025 :: ('MESH:C536590', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar capillaries']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['hilar pulmonary artery']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: Feeding with Crotalaria spectabilis seeds induces structural changes in the pulmonary arterial circulation characteristic of @entity120 : increased medial and adventitial thickness, the appearance of muscle in smaller arteries than normal, and reduction in the number of peripheral arteries. By autoradiographic techniques, after injection of @entity665 into @entity35 fed Crotalaria for 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, or 35 days, the contribution of @entity1373 to these changes has been assessed at two levels of the pulmonary artery--the hilum and the periphery. In the @entity358 , a biphasic increase in @entity894 ( @entity894 ) is seen in each cell type. After 3 days of feeding, the medial smooth muscle cells show a slight but significant increase (1.5 times the control value), and, after 7 days, so do the adventitial fibroblasts (3 x) and the endothelial cells (EC) (2 x). After 14 days @entity894 for all three cell types is again at control values, but after 21 days (wall thickness is no increased) each cell type shows at least a fivefold increase; by 35 days all are again near control levels. In the intra-acinar region, by 14 days, "newly" muscularized arteries are identified and increase in number and proportion up to 35 days; @entity665 uptake is not evident in this cell type until 35 days have passed. The ECs of these arteries, however, show a striking increase in @entity894 after 14 days as do those of the @entity8025 . The ECs of the intra-acinar veins show a biphasic response being increased after 7, 28, and 35 days. The present study has shown that Crotalaria ingestion induces @entity1373 and @entity1184 of pulmonary arterial cells at pre- and intra-acinar levels. The early increase in @entity894 probably represents a response to the original cell injury, the later changes, a response to continuing damage or, in part, adaptation to the @entity120 now present.

title: Crotalaria-induced @entity120 . Uptake of XXXX by the cells of the pulmonary circulation and alveolar walls.

answer: @entity665 :: (CHEBI:53526,Chemical) :: ['3H-thymidine']


abstract: In a previous study on 42 @entity1 with acute @entity1150 , randomly allocated to treatment with streptokinase or heparin, we found that 71.4% of the streptokinase-treated @entity1 achieved phlebographically significant thrombolysis as compared to 23.8% in the heparin group. These @entity1 have been reevaluated after a mean observation period of 6 1/2 years. Seven @entity1 had died and there were no other drop-outs. Thus, 35 @entity1 were subjected to the follow-up study consisting of phlebography and clinical examination. The evaluations were performed without knowledge of the initial therapy. Seven @entity1 had phlebographically normal veins, and all belonged to the streptokinase group. This difference between the treatment groups is statistically highly significant (p less than 0.01). At clinical examination, 13 of the 17 @entity1 in the streptokinase group had normal legs and 4 exhibited moderate postthrombotic changes. In contrast, 3 of the heparin-treated @entity1 showed serious postthrombotic changes with open leg ulcers, and only 6 of 18 @entity1 in this group had normal legs. The present results strongly support the assumption that streptokinase therapy is the best treatment at present in @entity1 with acute @entity1150 . This has been shown for the initial thrombolysis, and now also for the avoidance of late postthrombotic changes.

title: Streptokinase of heparin in the treatment of XXXX . Follow-up results of a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Arterial stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular risk besides classic cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies showed that arterial stiffness is increased in @entity1 with @entity1030 compared to healthy controls and exercise training may reduce arterial stiffness. Since physical inactivity is frequently observed in @entity1 with @entity1030 and exercise training may improve arterial stiffness, we hypothesized that low daily physical activity may be associated with increased arterial stiffness. METHODS: In 123 @entity1 with @entity1030 (72% @entity1 ; mean [standard deviation] age: 62 [7.5] years; median [quartile] forced expiratory volume in 1 second 35 [27/65] %predicted), arterial stiffness was assessed by augmentation index (AI). Daily physical activity level (PAL) was measured by an activity monitor (SenseWear Pro   ) >1 week. The association between AI and PAL was investigated by univariate and multivariate regression analysis, taking into account disease-specific characteristics and comorbidities. RESULTS: @entity1 suffered from moderate (35%), severe (32%), and very severe (33%) @entity1030 , and 22% were active smokers. Median (quartile) PAL was 1.4 (1.3/1.5) and mean (standard deviation) AI 26% (9.2%). PAL showed a negative association with AI (B=-9.32, P=0.017) independent of age, sex, blood pressure, and airflow limitation. CONCLUSION: In @entity1030 @entity1 , a higher PAL seems to favorably influence arterial stiffness and therefore may reduce cardiovascular risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01527773.

title: Physical inactivity and arterial stiffness in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'men']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: Mycobacteria have the ability to enhance or depress immune responses. This paper describes experiments designed to investigate the parameters determining the direction of modulation. It has been shown previously that 10(8) liver @entity2497 BCG depress the ability of @entity19 spleen cells to produce a primary antibody response in vitro to SRBC 2-3 weeks after i.v. injection, whereas the same number of dead organisms enhance this response. Using the same growth medium for the BCG (Glaxo @entity653 -free medium), we now find that decreasing the BCG dose to @entity19 from 10(8) to 10 (6) liver organisms results in enhanced responses and increasing the dose to more than 10(8) dead organisms results in @entity308 responses. It thus appears that bacterial load is the important factor determining whether @entity308 or enhancement of the primary antibody response will occur, rather than the viability of the organisms per se. However, when the BCG was grown in Middlebrook 7H9 broth, doses as high as 4 X 10(9) dead BCG/ @entity19 failed to depress although @entity308 responses were found if sufficient live organisms (7 X 10(8)) were injected. In view of the known growth characteristics of BCG in these 2 bacteriological media, it is suggested that the degree of aggregation of the injected suspension may also be of importance in determining whether or not @entity308 will occur. A comparison of the effects of BCG injected untreated or after dispersion of bacterial aggregates supports this idea. Some degree of @entity381 was always found in @entity19 with @entity308 @entity4558 responses but a large spleen did not necessarily yield cell suspensions with @entity308 responses.

title: XXXX , BCG, modulation of murine antibody responses: influence of dose and degree of aggregation of live or dead organisms.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

answer: @entity2497 :: (1765,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the cell dynamics in periodontal ligament in response to mechanical stress during orthodontic movement. Following Waldo's method, a square sheet of rubber dam was inserted in between the first and second maxillary molars in 10 ddY @entity19 leaving the stress load for 3 hours. After 3 days and at 1 week, cell count on pressure and @entity2701 sides of the periodontal ligament was determined. Furthermore, the type of cell present after mechanical stress was identified using GFP bone marrow transplantation @entity19 model. Immunohistochemistry was carried out at 0 min (immediately after mechanical stress), 24 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks and 6 months. Temporal changes in the expression of GFP-positive bone marrow derived cells were examined. Moreover, double immunofluorescent staining was performed to determine the type of cell in the periodontal ligament. Cell count on the @entity2701 side tremendously increased 3 days after mechanical stress. At 1 week, spindle and round cell count increased compared to the control group. These changes were observed on both @entity2701 and pressure sides. Cell count on pressure side at 3 days (22.11+/-13.98) and at 1 week (33.23+/-11.39) was higher compared to the control group (15.26+/-8.29). On the @entity2701 side, there was a significantly increased at 3 days (35.46+/-11.85), but decreased at 1 week (29.23+/-13.89) although it is still higher compared to the control group (AD+/-SD: 10.37+/-8.69). Using GFP bone marrow transplantation @entity19 model, GFP positive cell count increased gradually over time in 6 months. GFP positive cells were also positive to @entity5231 , @entity18901 and @entity2447 suggesting that fibroblasts differentiated into osteoclasts and tissue macrophages. In conclusion, mechanical stress during orthodontic movement promoted the increase in the number of cells in the periodontal ligament on both @entity2701 and pressure sides. The increase in the number of cells in the periodontal ligament is believed to be due to the migration and cell division of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.

title: Histological Evaluation of Periodontal Ligament in Response to Orthodontic Mechanical Stress in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In New Zealand the @entity64 ( @entity64 ) is a state-funded insurance agency that accepts claims for @entity130 , including lumbar spine injuries. It is unknown whether @entity64 claim status (accepted, not accepted) affects @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) outcomes, or whether benefit status (e.g., sickness, disability) further affects outcomes in @entity1 without @entity64 cover. AIMS: This study aimed to determine whether @entity64 claim and benefit status are likely to influence a range of outcomes for @entity1 with @entity1643 in New Zealand. METHODS: A prospective survey of @entity1643 @entity1 was performed (April 2008-October 2010). @entity64 claim status was recorded, and individuals without accepted claims indicated benefit status. Surveys were sent at multiple time points; @entity158 , functional limitation, psychological factors, and general health were assessed. Statistical analysis was undertaken using ANCOVA and ANOVA (p<0.05). RESULTS: In total, 168 @entity1 completed the study. Six-month measures showed individuals with no @entity64 claim for @entity1643 to overall have poorer outcomes (mental health, p=0.039; @entity158 , p=0.045; functional limitation, p=0.049); sub-group analysis (no @entity64 claim) between those with or without a benefit showed those on benefits to have significantly higher functional limitation (p<0.001), poorer physical health (p=0.002), greater @entity158 (p=0.027), and stronger fear avoidance behaviours for both work (p=0.047) and physical activity (p=0.35). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate individuals with accepted @entity64 claims for @entity1643 have significantly better outcomes than those without, and @entity1 on benefits with no accepted @entity64 claim for @entity1643 have even poorer outcomes.

title: Does @entity130 status and benefit status predict XXXX outcomes?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Accident Compensation Corporation', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['accidental injuries']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In New Zealand the @entity64 ( @entity64 ) is a state-funded insurance agency that accepts claims for @entity130 , including lumbar spine injuries. It is unknown whether @entity64 claim status (accepted, not accepted) affects @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) outcomes, or whether benefit status (e.g., sickness, disability) further affects outcomes in @entity1 without @entity64 cover. AIMS: This study aimed to determine whether @entity64 claim and benefit status are likely to influence a range of outcomes for @entity1 with @entity1643 in New Zealand. METHODS: A prospective survey of @entity1643 @entity1 was performed (April 2008-October 2010). @entity64 claim status was recorded, and individuals without accepted claims indicated benefit status. Surveys were sent at multiple time points; @entity158 , functional limitation, psychological factors, and general health were assessed. Statistical analysis was undertaken using ANCOVA and ANOVA (p<0.05). RESULTS: In total, 168 @entity1 completed the study. Six-month measures showed individuals with no @entity64 claim for @entity1643 to overall have poorer outcomes (mental health, p=0.039; @entity158 , p=0.045; functional limitation, p=0.049); sub-group analysis (no @entity64 claim) between those with or without a benefit showed those on benefits to have significantly higher functional limitation (p<0.001), poorer physical health (p=0.002), greater @entity158 (p=0.027), and stronger fear avoidance behaviours for both work (p=0.047) and physical activity (p=0.35). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate individuals with accepted @entity64 claims for @entity1643 have significantly better outcomes than those without, and @entity1 on benefits with no accepted @entity64 claim for @entity1643 have even poorer outcomes.

title: Does XXXX status and benefit status predict @entity1643 outcomes?

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury claim']


abstract: Properties of haemopoietic progenitor cells detected in several different assays have been compared in order to position them within the haemopoietic developmental lineage. The spleen colony-forming cell (CFUs), the @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and two granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM- @entity71268 and GM-CFC-2) have been studied. Two experimental techniques were used: separation of cells on the basis of their buoyant density and comparison of the survival of haemopoietic cells after donor @entity19 had been injected with the cytotoxic drug @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). On linear BSA gradients the modal buoyant densities of CFUs, @entity1358 and GM- @entity71268 were the same, 1.070 g cm-3; the density of GM-CFC-2 was higher, 1.075 g cm-3. GM-CFC-2 colonies were much smaller and contained far fewer cells than @entity1358 or GM- @entity71268 colonies, even after prolonged culture, and this suggests that dense haemopoietic progenitors have less proliferation potential. This was confirmed by comparison of the size of colony formed, under identical culture conditions, by progenitors of different densities. Mean colony diameter was inversely related to the density of the progenitor cell. With the exception of GM- @entity71268 , low density progenitors were more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of @entity1487 than high density precursor cells (GM-CFC-2). Consequently, the GM- @entity71268 could be distinguished from GM-CFC-2 on the basis of buoyant density and from the other low density populations on the basis of post-FU kinetics. The reasons why the GM- @entity71268 should be more sensitive to @entity1487 than other low density progenitors are discussed and the relation of these low density precursors to one another in terms of their position within the haemopoietic developmental lineage is elucidated.

title: Physical and kinetic properties of haemopoietic progenitor cell populations from XXXX marrow detected in five different assay systems.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['HPP-CFC', 'high proliferation potential colony-forming cell']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: SETTING: BRAC, a non-governmental organisation, implemented a modified smoking cessation programme for @entity378 ( @entity378 ) @entity1 based on International Union Against @entity358 (The Union) guidelines in 17 peri-urban centres of Dhaka, Bangladesh. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a modified version of The Union's smoking cessation intervention was effective in promoting cessation among @entity378 @entity1 and determinants associated with quitting smoking. DESIGN: Cohort study of routinely collected data. RESULTS: A total of 3134 @entity378 @entity1 were registered from May 2011 to April 2012. Of these, 615 (20%) were current smokers, with a mean age of 38 years (  13.8). On treatment completion, 562 @entity1 were analysed, with 53 (9%) lost to follow-up or dead, while 82% of smokers had quit. @entity1 with @entity1907 were less likely to quit than those with @entity1907 . @entity1 with high-intensity @entity734 were less likely to quit than those with low-intensity @entity734 . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a simplified smoking cessation intervention can be effective in promoting smoking cessation among @entity378 @entity1 in Bangladesh. This is encouraging for other low-resource settings; the Bangladesh National Tuberculosis Control Programme should consider nationwide scaling up and integration of this smoking cessation plan.

title: High quit rate among smokers with XXXX in a modified smoking cessation programme in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis and Lung Disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['extra-pulmonary TB', 'pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: SETTING: A tertiary care facility in Ukraine, a high multi- and extensively @entity6371 (MDR/ @entity5295 ) burden country. OBJECTIVES: To assess the management and treatment outcomes of MDR, pre- @entity5295 and @entity5295 . DESIGN: Cohort study using programme data, 2006-2011. RESULTS: Of 484 individuals with drug-resistant TB, 217 (45%) had MDR-, 153 (32%) pre-XDR- and 114 (24%) @entity5295 . Of all resistant types completing the intensive phase of treatment, 322 (67%) were alive and had culture converted. This included 157 (72%) with MDR- and 61 (54%) with @entity5295 . At the end of the continuation phase of treatment, 106 (22%) had treatment success and 378 (78%) had unfavourable outcomes, including 110 (23%) failures, 21 (4%) deaths, 71 (15%) losses to follow-up and 176 (36%) with an unknown outcome. This was associated with more than one lung cavity being affected, a history of treatment with second-line anti- @entity378 drugs, poor adherence and @entity5295 . A total of 226 (47%) @entity1 reported at least one adverse drug reaction, the most common being gastrointestinal and @entity137 . CONCLUSION: Outcomes of MDR- and @entity5295 were satisfactory in the intensive phase; however, this was not sustained during the ambulatory period. If we are to do better, urgent measures are needed to improve ambulatory management, including making safer, shorter and more effective drug regimens available.

title: Management of multi- and extensively XXXX in Ukraine: how well are we doing?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['drug-resistant tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['drug-resistant tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological investigations indicate that an Asian dust storm (ADS) can aggravate @entity1576 . However, the effects of ADS on @entity32 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of exposure to ADS with @entity32 . METHODS: The subjects were 33 adult @entity1 with @entity565 who measured daily peak flow expiratory (PEF) from March to May 2012. Fractional exhaled @entity842 (FeNO) was measured before and after ADS. RESULTS: The FeNO values were 13.8  13.7 ppb before the ADS and 20.3  19.0 ppb after the ADS, with no significant difference. There was also no significant association of PEF with ADS exposure. However, the increase of FeNO after ADS exposure was proportional to the decrease of PEF (R=-0.78, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity32 aggravated by ADS exposure may induce a decrease in pulmonary function in some adult @entity1 with @entity565 . J. Med. Invest. 62: 233-237, August, 2015.

title: Effect of exposure to an Asian dust storm on fractional exhaled @entity842 in adult XXXX @entity1 in Western Japan.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological investigations indicate that an Asian dust storm (ADS) can aggravate @entity1576 . However, the effects of ADS on @entity32 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of exposure to ADS with @entity32 . METHODS: The subjects were 33 adult @entity1 with @entity565 who measured daily peak flow expiratory (PEF) from March to May 2012. Fractional exhaled @entity842 (FeNO) was measured before and after ADS. RESULTS: The FeNO values were 13.8  13.7 ppb before the ADS and 20.3  19.0 ppb after the ADS, with no significant difference. There was also no significant association of PEF with ADS exposure. However, the increase of FeNO after ADS exposure was proportional to the decrease of PEF (R=-0.78, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity32 aggravated by ADS exposure may induce a decrease in pulmonary function in some adult @entity1 with @entity565 . J. Med. Invest. 62: 233-237, August, 2015.

title: Effect of exposure to an Asian dust storm on fractional exhaled XXXX in adult @entity565 @entity1 in Western Japan.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']