abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effects of @entity308 and @entity148 on @entity1 completion of structured cardiac rehabilitation. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 380 @entity1 with @entity583 , coronary artery bypass graft, @entity951 , or @entity712 referred to cardiac rehabilitation. @entity1 physical capacity was tested by the standard 12-minute @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ). @entity308 , @entity148 , and quality of life were assessed by standard questionnaires. Program completers were contrasted to dropouts on dependent variables at baseline. Baseline and postprogram @entity4464 , @entity308 , @entity148 , and quality of life were also compared in completers by using ANOVA and paired t tests. RESULTS: One-half of entering @entity1 completed the program. Statistically significant differences were observed in baseline @entity308 , @entity148 , and quality of life between program completers and dropouts. Dropouts had higher @entity308 and @entity148 scores and lower quality of life, but there were no differences in @entity4464 . Younger, female @entity1 had higher dropout rates. @entity1 also had higher @entity458 , lower quality of life, and less feet walked than @entity1 . Dropout rate was lowest in @entity1 with coronary artery bypass graft and highest in @entity1 with @entity712 . Both male and female completers evidenced significant improvements in @entity4464 , @entity308 , @entity148 , and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological distress makes completion of cardiac rehabilitation difficult. @entity1 need to be assessed early in the intervention so that @entity308 and @entity148 can be identified and managed. Completion of the program is advantageous because it is associated with improvement in all measured variables.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity148 on adherence to cardiac rehabilitation.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose was to report a case of unilateral @entity6391 with @entity4457 in the other eye. METHODS: Eight years ago, a 36-year-old @entity1 complained of peripheral @entity227 in her left eye when she covered her right eye. Complete ophthalmological examinations including fundus photography and @entity941 angiography, full-field electroretinography, dark adaptation, and microperimetry were performed. RESULTS: Best-corrected visual acuity of the @entity1 was 0.2 with +2.5 diopters in her right eye and 0.3 with +1.5 diopters in her left eye. Fundus examination did not reveal any @entity735 , but narrow retinal vessels, optic disc pallor, and peripheral @entity989 was found in the left eye. The full-field electroretinography was normal in the right eye, but rod response, cone response, and combined response were non-recordable, and 30-Hz response was very small in the left eye. Dark adaptation thresholds were normal in the right eye, but were dramatically elevated in the left eye. Microperimetry was normal in the right eye, but the visual field was reduced to a 2x5 degrees central field in the left eye. CONCLUSION: Unilateral @entity6391 with @entity4457 in the other eye is a rare condition. The @entity1 presented here had a case of unilateral @entity6391 with the other eye with @entity4457 . It is necessary to perform functional and morphological ophthalmological examinations to confirm the diagnosis.

title: Unilateral @entity6391 with XXXX in the fellow eye.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the right eye']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment clumping']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['ametropic amblyopia', 'amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose was to report a case of unilateral @entity6391 with @entity4457 in the other eye. METHODS: Eight years ago, a 36-year-old @entity1 complained of peripheral @entity227 in her left eye when she covered her right eye. Complete ophthalmological examinations including fundus photography and @entity941 angiography, full-field electroretinography, dark adaptation, and microperimetry were performed. RESULTS: Best-corrected visual acuity of the @entity1 was 0.2 with +2.5 diopters in her right eye and 0.3 with +1.5 diopters in her left eye. Fundus examination did not reveal any @entity735 , but narrow retinal vessels, optic disc pallor, and peripheral @entity989 was found in the left eye. The full-field electroretinography was normal in the right eye, but rod response, cone response, and combined response were non-recordable, and 30-Hz response was very small in the left eye. Dark adaptation thresholds were normal in the right eye, but were dramatically elevated in the left eye. Microperimetry was normal in the right eye, but the visual field was reduced to a 2x5 degrees central field in the left eye. CONCLUSION: Unilateral @entity6391 with @entity4457 in the other eye is a rare condition. The @entity1 presented here had a case of unilateral @entity6391 with the other eye with @entity4457 . It is necessary to perform functional and morphological ophthalmological examinations to confirm the diagnosis.

title: Unilateral XXXX with @entity4457 in the fellow eye.

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary repair of penetrating wounds of the colon is gaining increasing acceptance in surgical practice. This study compared two techniques for the repair of experimental @entity694 in the presence of @entity298 . METHODS: Multiple @entity694 were created in the colon of 24 @entity1707 . Following a 6-h delay the perforations were closed either by local excision and suture or by skin staples applied to the seromuscular layers of the colon. The repairs were assessed biomechanically and histologically for up to 14 days after surgery. RESULTS: All animals had @entity298 at the time of colonic repair. Stapled repairs were completed significantly faster than sutured repairs (mean(s.d.) 4.8(1.6) versus 30.7(4.0) min, P < 0.001). Bio- mechanical evaluation of repairs revealed no significant differences between the two techniques. Histological examination of repairs closed by staples demonstrated more advanced healing compared with suture closure, on the basis of tissue apposition and inflammatory changes. CONCLUSION: Experimental @entity1049 may be treated successfully by primary repair in the presence of @entity298 . The use of skin staples for repair does not appear to prejudice colonic wound healing.

title: Comparison of two closure techniques for the repair of experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforations']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic injuries']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic perforations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: "Vision 2020" was initiated in 1999 and many relevant activities are ongoing, but little information is available on what it has achieved and what constraints it faces. It is not yet clear if funding is the most important constraint. Nepal is one of the underdeveloped countries, but an advanced country in preventing avoidable @entity1939 . The aim of this study was to compare the situation in China and in Nepal in prevention of avoidable @entity1939 . METHODS: Data from literature review and a field visit were combined. All statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS Version 11.5. The chi-square test was used for comparisons involving categorical variables. RESULTS: The @entity1939 rate is higher in Nepal than that in China (P < 0.05). The average number of @entity231 operations performed by one ophthalmologist is much lower in China than in Nepal. The @entity231 surgical rate (CSR) is much lower in China than in Nepal (P < 0.001). High cost of the surgery and inadequate qualifications of @entity1 resources were found in China. @entity231 surgical outcome in China compared well with international standards. CONCLUSIONS: Progress towards the "Vision 2020" target in China is much slower than that in Nepal. Further attention to address this issue is urgently needed.

title: Comparative study on preventing avoidable XXXX in China and in Nepal.

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['blindness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are capable of differentiating into cardiomyogenic and endothelial cells in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that transplantation of ADSCs into @entity296 may regenerate infracted myocardium and restore cardiac function. METHODS: ADSCs were isolated from the fatty tissue of New Zealand white @entity95 and cultured in Iscoves modified dulbeccos medium. Three weeks after ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery of @entity95 , either a graft of untreated ADSCs (UASCs, n = 14), @entity2591 -pretreated ADSCs (AASCs, n = 13), or @entity1391 buffer saline (n = 13) were injected into the @entity1188 region. Transmural scar size, cardiac function, and immunohistochemistry were performed 5 weeks after cell transplantation. RESULTS: ADSCs in culture demonstrated a fibroblast-like appearance and expressed CD29, @entity22524 and CD105. Five weeks after cell transplantation, transmural scar size in AASC-implanted hearts was smaller than that of the other hearts. Many ADSCs were differentiated into cardiomyocytes. The AASCs in the prescar appeared more myotube-like. AASCs in the middle of the scar and UASCs, in contrast, were poorly differentiated. Some ADSCs were differentiated into endothelial cells and participate in vessel-like structures formation. All the ADSC-implanted hearts had a greater capillary density in the @entity1188 region than did the control hearts. Statistical analyses revealed significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction, myocardial performance index, end-diastolic pressure, and peak +dP/dt, in two groups of ADSC-implanted hearts relative to the control hearts. AASC-implanted hearts had higher peak -dP/dt values than did control, higher ejection fraction and peak +dP/dt values than did UASC-implanted hearts. CONCLUSIONS: ADSCs transplanted into the @entity296 tissue formed @entity299 , induced @entity7499 and improved cardiac function. @entity2591 pretreatment before implantation is desirable for augmenting myogenesis. Transplantation of @entity2591 -treated ADSCs into the @entity296 was more efficient than that of untreated ADSCs in preservation of cardiac function.

title: Transplantation of autologous adipose-derived stem cells ameliorates cardiac function in XXXX with myocardial infarction.

entities_list: @entity2591 :: ('MESH:D001374', 'Chemical') :: ['5-azacytidine', '5-Azacytidine']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scar']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac islands and vessel-like structures']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an association exists between @entity131 ( @entity131 ) sustained in adulthood and @entity73 6 months or longer after injury. DESIGN: Systematic review of the published, peer-reviewed literature. RESULTS: From 430 articles, we identified 11 primary and 22 secondary studies that examined @entity73 by using performance measures for adults who were at least 6 months post- @entity131 . There was clear evidence of an association between penetrating @entity1545 and @entity73 . Factors that modified this association included preinjury intelligence, volume of brain tissue lost, and brain region injured. There was also suggestive evidence that penetrating @entity1545 may exacerbate the cognitive effects of normal aging. We found clear evidence for long-term @entity73 associated with severe @entity131 . There was suggestive evidence that moderately severe @entity1545 are associated with @entity73 . There was inadequate/insufficient evidence to determine whether an association exists between a single, mild @entity131 and @entity73 6 months or longer postinjury. CONCLUSION: In adults, penetrating, moderate, and severe @entity131 are associated with @entity73 6 months or longer postinjury. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether mild @entity131 is associated with @entity73 6 months or longer postinjury.

title: Cognitive outcome following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive impairments', 'impaired cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBIs', 'TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clara cell 10-kDa protein ( @entity10974 ) is a multifunction protein with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects; hence we compared the @entity10974 expression between @entity102 ( @entity102 ) @entity1 with and without @entity480 ( @entity480 ), analyzed its association with disease severity and response to surgery, and explored its regulation via cytokines. METHODS: The plasma and tissue @entity10974 levels were compared between controls and @entity102 @entity1 with and without @entity480 by means of quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. Computed tomography (CT) scan and endoscopy findings and symptoms were scored. Nasal explant culture was used to explore the effect of @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity3646 , INF-gamma, and @entity688 on @entity10974 gene regulation. RESULTS: Compared with controls, the @entity10974 expression in sinonasal mucosa was significantly inhibited in both @entity102 @entity1 with and without @entity480 . There was a significant further decrease of @entity10974 expression in @entity1 with @entity480 and @entity565 . No difference in @entity10974 plasma levels was found between controls and @entity1 . @entity10974 levels inversely correlated with preoperative CT scores, and postoperative endoscopy and symptom scores. @entity310 , @entity1356 and @entity3646 inhibited, whereas INF-gamma and @entity688 promoted @entity10974 production in nasal mucosa. A significantly faster decay of @entity10974 transcripts was seen after @entity1356 treatment. @entity1356 and @entity688 induced @entity7457 expression. INF-gamma increased, whereas @entity3646 inhibited hepatocyte nuclear factor-3alpha expression. CONCLUSION: @entity10974 may take part in the pathogenesis of @entity102 and correlates with disease severity and response to surgery. Different cytokines can regulate @entity10974 expression in nasal mucosa differentially through modulating mRNA stability and certain transcriptional factors expression.

title: Clara cell 10-kDa protein expression in XXXX and its cytokine-driven regulation in sinonasal mucosa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['NPs', 'nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is one of the major killers of @entity1 under 5 years. Prompt and appropriate management is crucial; yet, the care a sick @entity1 receives depends on caretakers' perception of illness and action taken. Hence, understanding of local illness concepts on @entity55 and caretakers' response is crucial for interventions aimed at improved management. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate local illness concepts involving childhood @entity221 , cough and difficult/fast breathing and how these concepts' influence management of @entity1 with potential @entity55 . METHODS: Key informant interviews with eight health workers and eight traditional healers and five focus group discussions, including presentation of a @entity1741 showing @entity1 suffering from respiratory problems, with mothers of @entity1 under 5 years old in Iganga/Mayuge Demographic Surveillance Site (DSS) in eastern Uganda. RESULTS: Many terminologies were used to refer to symptoms of @entity55 . Difficult/fast breathing was considered severe but was not presented among common childhood illnesses. Mothers were likely to interpret any condition involving @entity221 as @entity311 and had different preferred actions for difficult/fast breathing in their @entity1 . Although mothers mentioned using drugs at home for @entity55 related symptoms, they gave examples only of antipyretics. Health workers said mothers would use antimalarials and sometimes antibiotics to treat breathing problems. CONCLUSIONS: There is a community knowledge gap on symptoms and biomedical treatment for @entity55 . To promote appropriate management of childhood @entity221 , @entity55 and @entity311 as two separate illnesses should be highlighted, the role of antibiotics must be emphasized and local illness concepts should be addressed in behaviour change communication.

title: Local illness concepts--implications for management of XXXX in eastern Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['childhood pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of sudden @entity393 is a significant matter of discussion. Lack of knowledge of the natural history of the disease and the use of different success criteria are 2 of the main reasons why it is difficult to critically evaluate the data available in the literature. To date, no therapy has proved effective according to the evidence criteria. However, there has been a trend toward the use of @entity230 in recent years. The management of @entity1 who fail to respond to standard therapy is even more complex; in these cases, intratympanic @entity230 have been proposed as a valuable solution. METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 unresponsive to traditional systemic therapy were treated with intratympanic @entity230 . RESULTS: The mean pure-tone average before intratympanic treatment was 79.9 +/- 21.4 SD dB; at Day 30, after local @entity134 administration, the mean pure-tone average was 60.6 +/- 24.9 SD dB. According to our criteria, 15 (55%) of 27 @entity1 presented a "useful" improvement in the hearing status. No serious complications have been observed. CONCLUSION: Local application is confirmed as easy to perform and is associated with negligible complications. Our experience, although retrospective, seems to confirm the usefulness (at least in 50% of @entity1 ) of local @entity230 administration in cases of refractory sudden @entity1274 . Our encouraging data strongly call for further and serious evaluation through randomized studies.

title: Intratympanic methylprednisolone in refractory sudden XXXX : a 27- @entity1 case series with univariate and multivariate analysis.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of sudden @entity393 is a significant matter of discussion. Lack of knowledge of the natural history of the disease and the use of different success criteria are 2 of the main reasons why it is difficult to critically evaluate the data available in the literature. To date, no therapy has proved effective according to the evidence criteria. However, there has been a trend toward the use of @entity230 in recent years. The management of @entity1 who fail to respond to standard therapy is even more complex; in these cases, intratympanic @entity230 have been proposed as a valuable solution. METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 unresponsive to traditional systemic therapy were treated with intratympanic @entity230 . RESULTS: The mean pure-tone average before intratympanic treatment was 79.9 +/- 21.4 SD dB; at Day 30, after local @entity134 administration, the mean pure-tone average was 60.6 +/- 24.9 SD dB. According to our criteria, 15 (55%) of 27 @entity1 presented a "useful" improvement in the hearing status. No serious complications have been observed. CONCLUSION: Local application is confirmed as easy to perform and is associated with negligible complications. Our experience, although retrospective, seems to confirm the usefulness (at least in 50% of @entity1 ) of local @entity230 administration in cases of refractory sudden @entity1274 . Our encouraging data strongly call for further and serious evaluation through randomized studies.

title: Intratympanic methylprednisolone in refractory sudden @entity393 : a 27- XXXX case series with univariate and multivariate analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: To investigate the distribution and origin of @entity1970 ( @entity1970 )-positive stromal cells in the perforation of @entity1 @entity10189 . Perforative lesions of 24 surgically resected @entity10189 were examined immunohistochemically for @entity1970 , @entity2914 , @entity2280 , @entity2279 , CAM5.2 and HMW-CK, and double staining of @entity1970 and CAM5.2 was also performed. In addition, to determine the cell source of collagen, in situ hybridization of collagen I mRNA was performed. In the normal gastroduodenal wall, the reticular network of @entity2280 -positive stromal cells was identified in the @entity5932 , @entity3986 , and subserosa. In the subepithelial area, many myofibroblasts were observed, whereas no @entity2280 -positive stromal cells were seen. In areas neighboring ulcerative lesions, no @entity2280 -positive stromal cells were observed, but a significant number of myofibroblasts were present there. In the deep layer of @entity1066 , numerous fusiform or stellate stromal cells strongly positive for @entity1970 and CAM5.2 were observed in the subserosal area around the perforation. In the same site, many cells co-expressing @entity1970 and CAM5.2 were identified by double staining. In contrast, in the surface layer of @entity1066 , stromal cells expressing only @entity1970 were observed. The cytokeratin-positive subserosal myofibroblastic cell in @entity1 @entity10189 is a novel type of myofibroblast.

title: Cytokeratin-positive subserosal myofibroblasts in XXXX ; another type of myofibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcers', 'gastroduodenal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['submucosa, muscular propria']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['muscularis mucosa']

entities_list: @entity1970 :: ('58', 'Gene') :: ['ASMA', 'alpha-smooth muscle actin']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['gastroduodenal ulcer']


abstract: Surgical treatment of @entity14 is associated with postoperative immunosuppression, which might facilitate dissemination of @entity5 cells and outgrowth of minimal @entity66 /(micro) @entity3 . Minimal @entity66 has been shown to be of prognostic relevance in @entity14 . Therefore, stimulation of (anti- @entity5 ) immune responses may be beneficial in the prevention of @entity3 formation. Important anti- @entity5 effector cells, which serve this function, are natural killer (NK) cells, @entity405 + lymphocytes (CTL), dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. In this review the immunomodulating properties of @entity3027 are discussed, with a particular focus on perioperative stimulation of immune function in @entity5 @entity1 . @entity3027 is known to enhance innate immune functions such as stimulation of NK cells, transition from innate to adaptive responses (activation of DC) and regulating of @entity405 + CTL activity and memory. Moreover, it exerts direct antitumor effects by regulating apoptosis and cell cycle. In several clinical trials, perioperative administration of @entity3027 has indeed been shown to improve T cell responsiveness, prevent @entity14434 and increase expression of activation markers on NK, T and NKT cells. In a clinical pilot study we showed in @entity14 @entity1 that received perioperative @entity3027 enhanced activation markers on T cells and NK cells, combined with better-preserved T cell function as indicated by phytohemaggluttinin skin tests. In the liver of these @entity1 significantly more @entity405 + T cells were found. In conclusion, @entity3027 provides an effective adjuvant in several forms of @entity5 and improves several postoperative immune functions in perioperative administration. However, larger clinical trials are necessary to investigate effects on disease-free and overall survival.

title: Perioperative @entity3027 to avoid surgically induced immune suppression in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14434 :: ('MESH:C566492', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of NK cell cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Surgical treatment of @entity14 is associated with postoperative immunosuppression, which might facilitate dissemination of @entity5 cells and outgrowth of minimal @entity66 /(micro) @entity3 . Minimal @entity66 has been shown to be of prognostic relevance in @entity14 . Therefore, stimulation of (anti- @entity5 ) immune responses may be beneficial in the prevention of @entity3 formation. Important anti- @entity5 effector cells, which serve this function, are natural killer (NK) cells, @entity405 + lymphocytes (CTL), dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. In this review the immunomodulating properties of @entity3027 are discussed, with a particular focus on perioperative stimulation of immune function in @entity5 @entity1 . @entity3027 is known to enhance innate immune functions such as stimulation of NK cells, transition from innate to adaptive responses (activation of DC) and regulating of @entity405 + CTL activity and memory. Moreover, it exerts direct antitumor effects by regulating apoptosis and cell cycle. In several clinical trials, perioperative administration of @entity3027 has indeed been shown to improve T cell responsiveness, prevent @entity14434 and increase expression of activation markers on NK, T and NKT cells. In a clinical pilot study we showed in @entity14 @entity1 that received perioperative @entity3027 enhanced activation markers on T cells and NK cells, combined with better-preserved T cell function as indicated by phytohemaggluttinin skin tests. In the liver of these @entity1 significantly more @entity405 + T cells were found. In conclusion, @entity3027 provides an effective adjuvant in several forms of @entity5 and improves several postoperative immune functions in perioperative administration. However, larger clinical trials are necessary to investigate effects on disease-free and overall survival.

title: Perioperative XXXX to avoid surgically induced immune suppression in @entity14 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3027 :: (3439,Gene) :: ['IFN-alpha']


abstract: Surgical treatment of @entity14 is associated with postoperative immunosuppression, which might facilitate dissemination of @entity5 cells and outgrowth of minimal @entity66 /(micro) @entity3 . Minimal @entity66 has been shown to be of prognostic relevance in @entity14 . Therefore, stimulation of (anti- @entity5 ) immune responses may be beneficial in the prevention of @entity3 formation. Important anti- @entity5 effector cells, which serve this function, are natural killer (NK) cells, @entity405 + lymphocytes (CTL), dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. In this review the immunomodulating properties of @entity3027 are discussed, with a particular focus on perioperative stimulation of immune function in @entity5 @entity1 . @entity3027 is known to enhance innate immune functions such as stimulation of NK cells, transition from innate to adaptive responses (activation of DC) and regulating of @entity405 + CTL activity and memory. Moreover, it exerts direct antitumor effects by regulating apoptosis and cell cycle. In several clinical trials, perioperative administration of @entity3027 has indeed been shown to improve T cell responsiveness, prevent @entity14434 and increase expression of activation markers on NK, T and NKT cells. In a clinical pilot study we showed in @entity14 @entity1 that received perioperative @entity3027 enhanced activation markers on T cells and NK cells, combined with better-preserved T cell function as indicated by phytohemaggluttinin skin tests. In the liver of these @entity1 significantly more @entity405 + T cells were found. In conclusion, @entity3027 provides an effective adjuvant in several forms of @entity5 and improves several postoperative immune functions in perioperative administration. However, larger clinical trials are necessary to investigate effects on disease-free and overall survival.

title: Perioperative @entity3027 to avoid surgically induced immune suppression in @entity14 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: Target controlled infusion intravenous anesthesia is a growing phenomenon. Nowadays, many anesthesiologists feel the need to monitor depth of anesthesia during total intravenous anesthesia, even though it is not a standard technique worldwide. Spectral Entropy (SE) is a relatively new depth of anesthesia index. The aim of this study was to investigate whether predicted site-effect @entity1875 concentrations, A-line Autoregressive Index (AAI) and SE values are useful for predicting loss of verbal contact (LVC) and @entity909 ( @entity909 ) during steady-state conditions. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 scheduled for elective major abdominal surgery were recruited. All @entity1 were unpremedicated. A target controlled infusion of @entity1875 was administered using Schnider's pharmacokinetic model. The initial @entity1875 infusion provided a site-effect concentration of 1.0 mcg @entity19264 , and was increased stepwise by 1.0 mcg @entity19264 every 4 minutes until the concentration reached 6.0 mcg @entity19264 . A 4 minute interval was chosen to assure that steady state site-effect concentrations were obtained. AAI, SE and @entity1875 site-effect concentrations were recorded when LVC occurred and also when @entity909 occurred. Population values for predicted site-effect concentrations at the clinical endpoints were estimated and correlated with AAI and SE values. RESULTS: In our study for @entity909 the effect-site concentration to include 90% of @entity1 was 5.85 ?mcg @entity19264 (5.70-5.90) and 3.4 mcg @entity19264 (3.24-3.60) for LVC. In this study, 90% of @entity1 lost verbal contact at an AAI value of 68 (64.6-71.4) and an SE value of 68.2 (66.2-70.2). @entity909 occurred in 90% of @entity1 at an AAI value of 39.2 (37.2-41.1) and an SE value of 40.2 (38.1-41.3). CONCLUSIONS: @entity909 and LVC occur within a defined range of predicted site-effect concentrations. More emphasis should be given to site-effect concentrations. SE and AAI have similar values at different endpoints and similar correlation with Ceprop. AAI and SE are both useful tools in predicting both LVC and @entity909 .

title: Relationship between A-line Autoregressive Index, Spectral Entropy and steady state predicted site-effect effective concentrations at 05-50-95 of XXXX at different clinical endpoints.

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness', 'LOC']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: Cryptosporidiosis was investigated on two @entity7858 ( @entity7858 ) holdings in the South-West of England. Diagnosis was initially confirmed in a cria with @entity294 from each holding. Cohort faeces samples were subsequently collected and examined for presence of @entity2432 oocysts by immunofluorescence microscopy. On the first holding, 30 samples (24 adults, 6 crias) were tested, and oocysts were detected in three of the cria samples but in none of the adults. On the second holding, 14 floor faeces samples representing apparently healthy crias and one faeces sample from a cria with @entity294 were collected. Oocysts were detected in four of the "healthy" faeces samples and the sample of diarrhoeic faeces. All isolates were confirmed as @entity2432 using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism of the @entity2432 oocyst wall protein (COWP) and ssu rRNA genes. Sequence analysis of a 741bp region of ssu rDNA was carried out on nine of these and revealed high sequence homology with previously reported @entity2432 isolates. This investigation highlights the possibility of @entity7858 crias subclinically shedding oocysts, which has implications for epidemiology and transmission in animals as well as raising zoonotic concerns for @entity1 contacts. Gene sequencing of UK isolates from South American camelids is also described for the first time.

title: Cryptosporidiosis in two XXXX ( @entity7858 ) holdings in the South-West of England.

entities_list: @entity7858 :: ('30538', 'Species') :: ['Lama pacos', 'alpaca']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2432 :: ('5807', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum', 'Cryptosporidium', 'C. parvum', 'cryptosporidium']

answer: @entity7858 :: (30538,Species) :: ['alpaca']


abstract: Cryptosporidiosis was investigated on two @entity7858 ( @entity7858 ) holdings in the South-West of England. Diagnosis was initially confirmed in a cria with @entity294 from each holding. Cohort faeces samples were subsequently collected and examined for presence of @entity2432 oocysts by immunofluorescence microscopy. On the first holding, 30 samples (24 adults, 6 crias) were tested, and oocysts were detected in three of the cria samples but in none of the adults. On the second holding, 14 floor faeces samples representing apparently healthy crias and one faeces sample from a cria with @entity294 were collected. Oocysts were detected in four of the "healthy" faeces samples and the sample of diarrhoeic faeces. All isolates were confirmed as @entity2432 using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism of the @entity2432 oocyst wall protein (COWP) and ssu rRNA genes. Sequence analysis of a 741bp region of ssu rDNA was carried out on nine of these and revealed high sequence homology with previously reported @entity2432 isolates. This investigation highlights the possibility of @entity7858 crias subclinically shedding oocysts, which has implications for epidemiology and transmission in animals as well as raising zoonotic concerns for @entity1 contacts. Gene sequencing of UK isolates from South American camelids is also described for the first time.

title: Cryptosporidiosis in two @entity7858 ( XXXX ) holdings in the South-West of England.

answer: @entity7858 :: (30538,Species) :: ['Lama pacos']


abstract: We compared the antibacterial effects and the emergence of resistance to @entity26654 or @entity800 for @entity328 by simulating the serum concentration according to the Japanese clinical regimens using an in vitro pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. For @entity1536 -susceptible strain ATCC49619, @entity26654 showed bactericidal activity, given that both the AUC(0-24h)/MIC ratios at the dosage of 150 mg t.i.d. and 300 mg b.i.d. of @entity26654 were 138 and 193, and the C(max)/MIC ranges were 7.93-10.2 and 15.9-17.6, respectively, which were greater than those of @entity800 (100 mg t.i.d. and 200 mg b.i.d.). The greater area above the killing curves (AAKCs) or shorter time to achieve 99.9% killing (99.9% KT) in both models of @entity26654 than those of @entity800 was related to their larger AUC(0-24h)/MIC and C(max)/MIC. Exposure of only 100 mg t.i.d. of @entity800 led to outgrowth of the parC mutants, which were twofold less susceptible to @entity800 than the parent strain. Neither of the @entity26654 tosilate regimens resulted in isolation of resistant mutants of this strain. For the parC mutant strain D-3197, both the AUC(0-24h)/MIC and C(max)/MIC ratios of @entity26654 were greater than those of @entity800 , which resulted in comparable or better bactericidal activity as compared to those of @entity800 . However, both @entity2887 and both regimens led to outgrowth of resistant mutants, which possessed a mutation in gyrA in addition to parC. In conclusion, @entity26654 is superior to @entity800 in bactericidal activity against @entity2260 in the Japanese clinical regimens, especially in the @entity1536 -susceptible strain, without emergence of resistant subpopulations.

title: Pharmacodynamic evaluation of @entity26654 against XXXX in an in vitro model simulating serum concentration.

entities_list: @entity26654 :: ('MESH:C055185', 'Chemical') :: ['tosufloxacin', 'tosufloxacin tosilate']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: We compared the antibacterial effects and the emergence of resistance to @entity26654 or @entity800 for @entity328 by simulating the serum concentration according to the Japanese clinical regimens using an in vitro pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. For @entity1536 -susceptible strain ATCC49619, @entity26654 showed bactericidal activity, given that both the AUC(0-24h)/MIC ratios at the dosage of 150 mg t.i.d. and 300 mg b.i.d. of @entity26654 were 138 and 193, and the C(max)/MIC ranges were 7.93-10.2 and 15.9-17.6, respectively, which were greater than those of @entity800 (100 mg t.i.d. and 200 mg b.i.d.). The greater area above the killing curves (AAKCs) or shorter time to achieve 99.9% killing (99.9% KT) in both models of @entity26654 than those of @entity800 was related to their larger AUC(0-24h)/MIC and C(max)/MIC. Exposure of only 100 mg t.i.d. of @entity800 led to outgrowth of the parC mutants, which were twofold less susceptible to @entity800 than the parent strain. Neither of the @entity26654 tosilate regimens resulted in isolation of resistant mutants of this strain. For the parC mutant strain D-3197, both the AUC(0-24h)/MIC and C(max)/MIC ratios of @entity26654 were greater than those of @entity800 , which resulted in comparable or better bactericidal activity as compared to those of @entity800 . However, both @entity2887 and both regimens led to outgrowth of resistant mutants, which possessed a mutation in gyrA in addition to parC. In conclusion, @entity26654 is superior to @entity800 in bactericidal activity against @entity2260 in the Japanese clinical regimens, especially in the @entity1536 -susceptible strain, without emergence of resistant subpopulations.

title: Pharmacodynamic evaluation of XXXX against @entity328 in an in vitro model simulating serum concentration.

answer: @entity26654 :: (MESH:C055185,Chemical) :: ['tosufloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is often associated with @entity344 such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. AIM: To assess the efficacy of @entity1537 20 and 40 mg for resolution of heartburn and acid regurgitation in continuous NSAIDs. METHODS: A post hoc analysis of five clinical trials was performed. Two identically designed, placebo-controlled, 4-week studies (NASA1, SPACE1) enrolled non-ulcer, NSAIDs-treated @entity1 with upper @entity490 , discomfort or burning. PLUTO and VENUS were identically designed, placebo-controlled, 6-month studies that enrolled @entity1 at risk of NSAIDs-induced @entity1066 . Study 285 was an 8-week comparative study with @entity5616 (300 mg/day) in @entity1 with NSAIDs-induced @entity2275 . Resolution of investigator-assessed heartburn and acid regurgitation was defined as symptom severity of 'none' in the last 7 days. RESULTS: In NASA1/SPACE1, heartburn resolved in 61% and 62% of @entity1 taking @entity1537 20 and 40 mg, respectively (vs. 36% on placebo, P < 0.001), and acid regurgitation resolved in 65% and 67% (vs. 48%, P < 0.001). Resolution of both symptoms was greater with @entity1537 than with placebo in PLUTO/VENUS (P <or= 0.001), and than with @entity5616 in study 285 (P < 0.05 for @entity1537 20 mg). CONCLUSION: Heartburn and regurgitation are common in @entity1 taking NSAIDs and @entity1537 is efficacious for resolution of these symptoms.

title: Efficacy of XXXX for resolution of symptoms of heartburn and acid regurgitation in continuous users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity1537 :: (MESH:D064098,Chemical) :: ['esomeprazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity134 -induced @entity6509 -like eruption is characterized by @entity2652 in @entity1 that have been treated with topical steroids for relatively long periods. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of 1% pimecrolimus topical cream for @entity134 -induced @entity6509 -like eruption. METHODS: In an open-label pilot study, 40 @entity1 were enrolled and instructed to apply 1% pimecrolimus cream twice daily for 6 weeks. @entity1 were evaluated by a @entity6509 clinical score, investigator's global assessment, overall erythema severity, and tolerability at weeks 0, 2, and 6. RESULTS: In 35 @entity1 , the @entity6509 clinical score decreased significantly from 16.0+/-4.3 at baseline to 8.1+/-3.3 at week 2 and 4.2+/-2.5 at week 6 (P<0.0001). Investigator's global assessment was 4.1+/-1.1 (baseline), then decreased to 1.4+/-0.8 (week 2) and 0.5+/-0.6 (week 6) (P<0.0001). By week 6, 48.6% of the @entity1 were clear. Overall erythema severity was 2.4+/-0.7 (baseline), 0.9+/-0.4 (week 2), and 0.3+/-0.4 (week 6) (P<0.0001). Cutaneous adverse events (local burning, stinging, and itching) occurred in 17.5%. CONCLUSION: Pimecrolimus cream might be efficacious, safe, and well tolerated for @entity134 -induced @entity6509 -like eruption. The small sample size and open label nature of this study is its limitation. Further double-blind, vehicle-controlled studies are needed.

title: An open-label pilot study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topically applied pimecrolimus cream for the treatment of XXXX -induced @entity6509 -like eruption.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial rosacea-like dermatitis']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity134 -induced @entity6509 -like eruption is characterized by @entity2652 in @entity1 that have been treated with topical steroids for relatively long periods. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of 1% pimecrolimus topical cream for @entity134 -induced @entity6509 -like eruption. METHODS: In an open-label pilot study, 40 @entity1 were enrolled and instructed to apply 1% pimecrolimus cream twice daily for 6 weeks. @entity1 were evaluated by a @entity6509 clinical score, investigator's global assessment, overall erythema severity, and tolerability at weeks 0, 2, and 6. RESULTS: In 35 @entity1 , the @entity6509 clinical score decreased significantly from 16.0+/-4.3 at baseline to 8.1+/-3.3 at week 2 and 4.2+/-2.5 at week 6 (P<0.0001). Investigator's global assessment was 4.1+/-1.1 (baseline), then decreased to 1.4+/-0.8 (week 2) and 0.5+/-0.6 (week 6) (P<0.0001). By week 6, 48.6% of the @entity1 were clear. Overall erythema severity was 2.4+/-0.7 (baseline), 0.9+/-0.4 (week 2), and 0.3+/-0.4 (week 6) (P<0.0001). Cutaneous adverse events (local burning, stinging, and itching) occurred in 17.5%. CONCLUSION: Pimecrolimus cream might be efficacious, safe, and well tolerated for @entity134 -induced @entity6509 -like eruption. The small sample size and open label nature of this study is its limitation. Further double-blind, vehicle-controlled studies are needed.

title: An open-label pilot study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topically applied pimecrolimus cream for the treatment of @entity134 -induced XXXX -like eruption.

answer: @entity6509 :: (MESH:D012393,Disease) :: ['rosacea']


abstract: Intramedullary fixation is used increasingly to treat @entity174 . Anatomical variations in the clavicle of relevance to this procedure are analyzed. The length, diameters and curvature of the clavicle were measured in 196 specimens from the dissecting room. The @entity460 bone density was analyzed in 300 cross-sectional samples of 100 specimens. The thickness of cortical and medullary bone of 70 slices was analyzed from freshly plastinated clavicles with implants in place. The female clavicle was shorter, less curved, and had a lower concentration of @entity460 than the male clavicle. Measurement of cortical thickness showed a mean value of 1.05 +/- 0.23 mm at the most sternal measuring point, 2.05 +/- 0.29 mm at the midpoint of the clavicle, and 0.95 +/- 0.35 mm at the acromial end. The thinnest regions were the medial ventral cortex and the dorsal acromial cortex. These measurements explain clinical observations on nail perforation. The diameter of the medullary canal measured 6.7 +/- 2.6 mm at its narrowest part, so that reaming (i.e., predrilling the medullary canal) prior to 3.5 mm @entity702 nail insertion is not necessary. The main difficulties encountered when placing a nail are secondary to the S-curvature of the clavicle. In 80% of @entity174 , the break is located at the narrowest diameter of the medullary canal. Thus, the clavicle displays definite gender- and side-specific anatomical features in terms of length, diameter, curvature, and @entity460 concentration. These should be considered when performing intramedullary fixation.

title: Anatomy of the clavicle and the intramedullary nailing of midclavicular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['clavicular fractures', 'fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Shared decision making may increase satisfaction with health care and improve outcomes, but little is known about adolescents' decision-making preferences. The primary purpose of this study is to describe the decision-making preferences of adolescents with @entity102 and their parents, and the extent to which they agree. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING AND @entity1 : @entity1 were 82 adolescents seen at one of four paediatric @entity102 subspecialty clinics and 62 of their parents. MAIN VARIABLES: Predictor variables include sociodemographics, health parameters, risk behaviour, and physical and cognitive development. The main outcome variable is preferences for decision-making style. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: When collapsed into three response categories, nearly equal percentages of adolescents (37%) and parents (36%) preferred shared decision making. Overall, the largest proportion of adolescents (46%) and parents (53%) preferred passive decision making compared to active or shared decision making. Across five response choices, 33% of pairs agreed. Agreement was slight and not significant. Improved general health perceptions (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.59-0.99) and improved behaviour (OR=0.75, 95% CI=0.56-0.99) were significantly associated with parents' preferences for less active decision making. Older age was significantly associated with agreement (OR 1.58, 95% CI=1.09-2.30) between parents and adolescents. The paucity of significant predictor variables may indicate physicians need to inquire directly about @entity1 and parent preferences.

title: Views of treatment decision making from adolescents with XXXX and their parents: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses', 'chronic illness']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic illnesses']


abstract: OBJECT: This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the results of surgical treatment and the use of preoperative embolization in managing @entity1 with perimedullary arteriovenous @entity292 (AVFs). METHODS: The authors studied 20 consecutive @entity1 with perimedullary AVFs who underwent surgical treatment. Arteriovenous shunts were at the level of the cervical spine in five @entity1 , the thoracic spine in 12, and the conus medullaris in three @entity1 . Of the 20 AVFs, three were fed by the anterior spinal artery only, three by the posterior spinal artery, and 14 by both the anterior and posterior spinal arteries. Nine @entity1 had varices that compressed the spinal cord. Eleven @entity1 underwent surgery, and nine @entity1 underwent surgery combined with adjuvant preoperative embolization. @entity887 remarkably reduced blood flow through the AVFs and facilitated subsequent surgical procedures. Postoperative angiography revealed @entity2548 in 16 @entity1 . However, small @entity292 persisted in the other four @entity1 , whose large lesions were fed by the anterior spinal artery. Postoperatively, neurological status was improved in 11 @entity1 , unchanged in eight, and worse in one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Effective interruption of a spinal arteriovenous shunt was achieved by surgery in all cases, even when the anterior spinal artery was involved. For large and high-flow AVFs, embolization proved to be a useful adjunct to surgery.

title: Results of the surgical treatment of perimedullary arteriovenous XXXX with special reference to embolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative embolization']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['complete disappearance of the AVFs']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: End-stage @entity571 secondary to total @entity3029 or severe @entity3946 of the hip (class B or C according to the system of Eftekhar or type 2 or 3 according to the system of Hartofilakidis et al.) in adults presents special problems with regard to reconstruction of the hip. The purpose of the present study was to assess the intermediate-term results associated with the use of a porous ingrowth acetabular component for the treatment of these difficult cases. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of a consecutive series of twenty-one @entity1 (twenty-four hips) who had had a primary total hip arthroplasty with use of a hemispherical acetabular component that was inserted without cement and fixed with screws. No @entity1 was lost to follow-up. Three @entity1 (four hips) died, of causes unrelated to the total hip arthroplasty, before a minimum duration of follow-up of five years. None of these @entity1 had had revision. Of the remaining eighteen @entity1 (twenty hips), fifteen were @entity1 and three were @entity1 . Ten hips had @entity3029 , and ten had severe @entity1141 . RESULTS: After an average duration of follow-up of eighty-three months (range, sixty-four to 102 months), the average Harris hip score was 90 points (range, 68 to 97 points). No @entity1 had revision, loosening, or migration of the acetabular component; pelvic @entity3061 ; or a continuous radiolucent line at the mesh-bone interface of the acetabular component. The average rate of @entity691 wear was 0.08 millimeter per year (range, zero to 0.21 millimeter per year). CONCLUSIONS: The porous ingrowth acetabular component that was used in the present study functioned well at the time of the intermediate-term follow-up of this group of @entity1 who had marked @entity3946 or total @entity572 . The use of this component decreased the need for structural acetabular grafts. This component appears to perform as well as larger components of this design that have been assessed after similar durations of follow-up.

title: Total hip arthroplasty with insertion of the acetabular component without cement in hips with total @entity3029 or marked XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3946 :: ('MESH:D006618', 'Disease') :: ['congenital dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation of the hip']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['congenital dislocation', 'total dislocation']

answer: @entity3946 :: (MESH:D006618,Disease) :: ['congenital dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: End-stage @entity571 secondary to total @entity3029 or severe @entity3946 of the hip (class B or C according to the system of Eftekhar or type 2 or 3 according to the system of Hartofilakidis et al.) in adults presents special problems with regard to reconstruction of the hip. The purpose of the present study was to assess the intermediate-term results associated with the use of a porous ingrowth acetabular component for the treatment of these difficult cases. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of a consecutive series of twenty-one @entity1 (twenty-four hips) who had had a primary total hip arthroplasty with use of a hemispherical acetabular component that was inserted without cement and fixed with screws. No @entity1 was lost to follow-up. Three @entity1 (four hips) died, of causes unrelated to the total hip arthroplasty, before a minimum duration of follow-up of five years. None of these @entity1 had had revision. Of the remaining eighteen @entity1 (twenty hips), fifteen were @entity1 and three were @entity1 . Ten hips had @entity3029 , and ten had severe @entity1141 . RESULTS: After an average duration of follow-up of eighty-three months (range, sixty-four to 102 months), the average Harris hip score was 90 points (range, 68 to 97 points). No @entity1 had revision, loosening, or migration of the acetabular component; pelvic @entity3061 ; or a continuous radiolucent line at the mesh-bone interface of the acetabular component. The average rate of @entity691 wear was 0.08 millimeter per year (range, zero to 0.21 millimeter per year). CONCLUSIONS: The porous ingrowth acetabular component that was used in the present study functioned well at the time of the intermediate-term follow-up of this group of @entity1 who had marked @entity3946 or total @entity572 . The use of this component decreased the need for structural acetabular grafts. This component appears to perform as well as larger components of this design that have been assessed after similar durations of follow-up.

title: Total hip arthroplasty with insertion of the acetabular component without cement in hips with total XXXX or marked @entity3946 .

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['congenital dislocation']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Selected @entity1 with acute @entity1129 (ascending) aortic dissection who are treated with delayed operation or nonoperative therapy may have better early and short-term outcomes than was previously expected. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort at a university hospital. SUBJECTS: Data on 75 @entity1 with acute or chronic @entity1580 treated at one institution from January 1, 1985, to November 30, 1997, were analyzed. Of these 75 @entity1 , 34 (21 male and 13 female, with a mean age of 65.5 years) did not undergo initial operative treatment, and 15 (10 male and 5 female, with a mean age of 72.6 years) never underwent surgery. For the 19 @entity1 who underwent delayed surgery, the mean period between aortic dissection and intervention was 11.4+/-4.83 days. The follow-up period ranged from 0.27 to 149 months, with a mean of 20.2 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vascular complications, hospital mortality, and early survival. RESULTS: Reasons for interval delay in surgical treatment included initial misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis (13 [68%] of 19), need to address significant comorbidity (4 [21%] of 19), and initial refusal of operative intervention (2 [11%] of 19). For the 15 @entity1 treated entirely by medical therapy, reasons for electing nonoperative management included extensive comorbidity (5 [33%] of 15), refusal of surgical intervention (6 [40%] of 15), and misdiagnosis or long delay in diagnosis (4 [27%] of 15). Of the 34 @entity1 , 15 (44%) presented with moderate or severe @entity337 , 5 (14%) had evidence of @entity2294 , 6 (21%) had evidence of concomitant coronary @entity63 on electrocardiogram, and 8 (24%) had extension of the dissection into the descending aorta. Four @entity1 (11.8%) died while in the hospital. Of the 34 @entity1 , 30 (88%) who underwent either delayed or no surgery received aggressive medical treatment (beta-adrenergic blocking agents and afterload-reducing agents) and were discharged from the hospital. All @entity1 who were operative candidates in the interval treatment group survived to reach definitive operation. There was no statistically significant difference in short-term survival between the group of @entity1 undergoing delayed surgery or medical treatment only and the group of 41 @entity1 undergoing early operation (P = .42). CONCLUSIONS: Immediate surgical therapy is still recommended for acceptable operative candidates with acute @entity1580 who seek immediate treatment. However, this study permits the following 2 conclusions: (1) @entity1 with @entity1580 who are referred or whose conditions are diagnosed several days after presentation have survived the early dangerous period and can safely undergo surgery semielectively (rather than emergently); and (2) selected @entity1 who are not considered operative candidates and who survive the initial @entity1580 without complication may be treated with aggressive medical therapy and achieve acceptable early and short-term outcomes, which is better than previously expected.

title: Interval or permanent nonoperative management of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: OBJECT: Surgical access to @entity5 at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) requires extensive bone removal. Guidelines for the use of occipitocervical fusion (OCF) after resection of @entity5 have been based on anecdotal evidence. The authors performed a retrospective study of factors associated with the use of OCF in 46 @entity1 with @entity5 . The findings were used to develop recommendations for use of OCF in such @entity1 . METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of 51 @entity1 with @entity5 treated by their group between March 1991 and February 2004. Forty-six @entity1 were available for follow up. Charts were reviewed to obtain data on demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms, and perioperative complications. Preoperative computerized tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging studies were obtained in all @entity1 . Occipitocervical fusion was performed in @entity1 who had undergone a unilateral condyle resection in which 70% or more of the condyle was removed, a bilateral condyle resection with 50% removal, or C1-2 vertebral body destruction. Of the 46 @entity1 , 16 had foramen magnum @entity1653 , 17 had @entity3580 , one had a @entity511 , two had Schwann cell @entity5 , two had @entity5 , and eight had other types of @entity5 . Twenty-three (50%) of the 46 @entity1 underwent OCF, including 15 of the 17 @entity1 with @entity3580 (88%). None of the @entity1 with @entity1653 required fusion. Seventeen (71%) of the 24 @entity1 presenting with @entity4048 preoperatively underwent OCF. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 presenting with @entity4048 had a 71% chance of undergoing OCF. @entity1 with @entity3580 and @entity3 were most likely to require OCF. One @entity1 with a 50% unilateral condylar resection returned with OC instability for which OCF was required. Based on their clinical experience and published biomechanical studies, the authors recommend that OCF be performed when 50% or more of one condyle is resected.

title: Occipitocervical fusion after resection of craniovertebral junction XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glomus tumors', 'CVJ tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: We evaluated the efficiency of high doses of @entity786 (6 g/m2) and @entity2879 (2 g/m2) plus filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; @entity1261 ) to mobilize autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells in @entity1 with @entity1893 , @entity1582 , and @entity8057 . We also evaluated the safety of this regimen and the engraftment kinetics after myeloablative chemotherapy. Seventy-nine @entity1 with high-risk or relapsed/primary @entity1893 , @entity1582 , or @entity8057 were treated. The mobilizing regimen was as follows: @entity786 600 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 doses, @entity2879 200 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 doses (continuous; n=57) or 2 g/m2 over 10 hours on day 5 of @entity2879 (bolus; n=22), and @entity1261 5 microg/kg/d beginning day 14. Fifty-nine percent of @entity1 achieved the primary end point (a @entity2280 cell dose of 5 million per kilogram with a single leukapheresis). More bolus @entity2879 @entity1 achieved the primary end point (86%) compared with continuous @entity2879 @entity1 (47%; P<.0001). The @entity2280 cell dose collected was greater in bolus @entity2879 @entity1 (44 million per kilogram) than in continuous @entity2879 @entity1 (10.9 million per kilogram; P<.0001). @entity1 took 3 weeks to recover >500/microL neutrophils and >20000/microL platelets after @entity786 and @entity2879 . The overall response rate was 69% for @entity1893 @entity1 and 71% for @entity1582 / @entity8057 @entity1 . The treatment-related mortality was 2.5%. Sixteen percent of surviving @entity1 experienced grade>or=3 nonhematologic @entity137 . @entity1 receiving bolus @entity2879 had significantly less grade>or=2 @entity3136 , less use of total parenteral nutrition, and less need for red blood cell and platelet transfusions. Sixty-four @entity1 (81%) underwent autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation, with prompt engraftment. Four @entity1 (5%) did not undergo autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation because of @entity137 from high-dose @entity786 and @entity2879 . We conclude that high doses of @entity786 and @entity2879 combined with @entity1261 are an efficient and safe mobilizing regimen for the collection of hematopoietic progenitor cells during aggressive cytoreduction of @entity5 burden in @entity1 with @entity706 .

title: Cytoreduction of XXXX and mobilization of blood hematopoietic progenitor cells with high doses of @entity786 and @entity2879 plus filgrastim.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['Waldenstr  m macroglobulinemia']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid malignancies']


abstract: We evaluated the efficiency of high doses of @entity786 (6 g/m2) and @entity2879 (2 g/m2) plus filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; @entity1261 ) to mobilize autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells in @entity1 with @entity1893 , @entity1582 , and @entity8057 . We also evaluated the safety of this regimen and the engraftment kinetics after myeloablative chemotherapy. Seventy-nine @entity1 with high-risk or relapsed/primary @entity1893 , @entity1582 , or @entity8057 were treated. The mobilizing regimen was as follows: @entity786 600 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 doses, @entity2879 200 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 doses (continuous; n=57) or 2 g/m2 over 10 hours on day 5 of @entity2879 (bolus; n=22), and @entity1261 5 microg/kg/d beginning day 14. Fifty-nine percent of @entity1 achieved the primary end point (a @entity2280 cell dose of 5 million per kilogram with a single leukapheresis). More bolus @entity2879 @entity1 achieved the primary end point (86%) compared with continuous @entity2879 @entity1 (47%; P<.0001). The @entity2280 cell dose collected was greater in bolus @entity2879 @entity1 (44 million per kilogram) than in continuous @entity2879 @entity1 (10.9 million per kilogram; P<.0001). @entity1 took 3 weeks to recover >500/microL neutrophils and >20000/microL platelets after @entity786 and @entity2879 . The overall response rate was 69% for @entity1893 @entity1 and 71% for @entity1582 / @entity8057 @entity1 . The treatment-related mortality was 2.5%. Sixteen percent of surviving @entity1 experienced grade>or=3 nonhematologic @entity137 . @entity1 receiving bolus @entity2879 had significantly less grade>or=2 @entity3136 , less use of total parenteral nutrition, and less need for red blood cell and platelet transfusions. Sixty-four @entity1 (81%) underwent autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation, with prompt engraftment. Four @entity1 (5%) did not undergo autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation because of @entity137 from high-dose @entity786 and @entity2879 . We conclude that high doses of @entity786 and @entity2879 combined with @entity1261 are an efficient and safe mobilizing regimen for the collection of hematopoietic progenitor cells during aggressive cytoreduction of @entity5 burden in @entity1 with @entity706 .

title: Cytoreduction of @entity706 and mobilization of blood hematopoietic progenitor cells with high doses of @entity786 and XXXX plus filgrastim.

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: We evaluated the efficiency of high doses of @entity786 (6 g/m2) and @entity2879 (2 g/m2) plus filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; @entity1261 ) to mobilize autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells in @entity1 with @entity1893 , @entity1582 , and @entity8057 . We also evaluated the safety of this regimen and the engraftment kinetics after myeloablative chemotherapy. Seventy-nine @entity1 with high-risk or relapsed/primary @entity1893 , @entity1582 , or @entity8057 were treated. The mobilizing regimen was as follows: @entity786 600 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 doses, @entity2879 200 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 doses (continuous; n=57) or 2 g/m2 over 10 hours on day 5 of @entity2879 (bolus; n=22), and @entity1261 5 microg/kg/d beginning day 14. Fifty-nine percent of @entity1 achieved the primary end point (a @entity2280 cell dose of 5 million per kilogram with a single leukapheresis). More bolus @entity2879 @entity1 achieved the primary end point (86%) compared with continuous @entity2879 @entity1 (47%; P<.0001). The @entity2280 cell dose collected was greater in bolus @entity2879 @entity1 (44 million per kilogram) than in continuous @entity2879 @entity1 (10.9 million per kilogram; P<.0001). @entity1 took 3 weeks to recover >500/microL neutrophils and >20000/microL platelets after @entity786 and @entity2879 . The overall response rate was 69% for @entity1893 @entity1 and 71% for @entity1582 / @entity8057 @entity1 . The treatment-related mortality was 2.5%. Sixteen percent of surviving @entity1 experienced grade>or=3 nonhematologic @entity137 . @entity1 receiving bolus @entity2879 had significantly less grade>or=2 @entity3136 , less use of total parenteral nutrition, and less need for red blood cell and platelet transfusions. Sixty-four @entity1 (81%) underwent autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation, with prompt engraftment. Four @entity1 (5%) did not undergo autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation because of @entity137 from high-dose @entity786 and @entity2879 . We conclude that high doses of @entity786 and @entity2879 combined with @entity1261 are an efficient and safe mobilizing regimen for the collection of hematopoietic progenitor cells during aggressive cytoreduction of @entity5 burden in @entity1 with @entity706 .

title: Cytoreduction of @entity706 and mobilization of blood hematopoietic progenitor cells with high doses of XXXX and @entity2879 plus filgrastim.

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Parathormone ( @entity461 ) and @entity460 , both have been shown to stimulate adrenal steroidogenesis in animal models and in vitro experiments. This is attributed to structural similarity between 15-25 @entity535 region of the @entity461 ( @entity461 ) and 1-11 @entity535 region of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). However, there are no in vivo @entity1 data regarding the effect of PTHcalcium @entity2270 on adrenocortical function. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity459 underwent evaluation for @entity701 dynamics including 0800 h and 2000 h plasma @entity701 on day 1, @entity701 response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia (IIH) on day 2, and 1 mg overnight @entity619 suppression test (ONDST) on day 4. Serum @entity1369 was also measured at 0800 h in fasting state on salt ad libitum for three days. These parameters were repeated 3 months after curative parathyroidectomy. RESULTS: Basal plasma @entity701 level at 0800 h and 2000 h were within upper normal range and loss of circadian rhythm in @entity701 secretion was observed in half and forty per cent of @entity1 had nonsuppressibility with ONDST. The defined peak @entity701 response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia (>550 nmol/l) was achieved in all and nearly one third of @entity1 had exaggerated response (>2000 nmol/l). After curative parathyroidectomy, the abnormalities in circadian rhythm and non-suppressibility with ONDST continued to prevail in 40 per cent of @entity1 . The peak @entity701 response to IIH showed a decrement but remained higher than normal. No correlation was observed between circulating @entity461 and @entity460 with @entity701 levels. Serum @entity1369 was in upper normal range pre - and postoperatively, though it decreased postoperatively, but it could not attain a statistical significance (p = 0.5). INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: @entity1636 in @entity459 do occur, however these are inconsistent and do not recover in majority of @entity1 even after 3 months of curative parathyroidectomy.

title: A pilot study on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical @entity2270 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Parathormone ( @entity461 ) and @entity460 , both have been shown to stimulate adrenal steroidogenesis in animal models and in vitro experiments. This is attributed to structural similarity between 15-25 @entity535 region of the @entity461 ( @entity461 ) and 1-11 @entity535 region of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). However, there are no in vivo @entity1 data regarding the effect of PTHcalcium @entity2270 on adrenocortical function. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity459 underwent evaluation for @entity701 dynamics including 0800 h and 2000 h plasma @entity701 on day 1, @entity701 response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia (IIH) on day 2, and 1 mg overnight @entity619 suppression test (ONDST) on day 4. Serum @entity1369 was also measured at 0800 h in fasting state on salt ad libitum for three days. These parameters were repeated 3 months after curative parathyroidectomy. RESULTS: Basal plasma @entity701 level at 0800 h and 2000 h were within upper normal range and loss of circadian rhythm in @entity701 secretion was observed in half and forty per cent of @entity1 had nonsuppressibility with ONDST. The defined peak @entity701 response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia (>550 nmol/l) was achieved in all and nearly one third of @entity1 had exaggerated response (>2000 nmol/l). After curative parathyroidectomy, the abnormalities in circadian rhythm and non-suppressibility with ONDST continued to prevail in 40 per cent of @entity1 . The peak @entity701 response to IIH showed a decrement but remained higher than normal. No correlation was observed between circulating @entity461 and @entity460 with @entity701 levels. Serum @entity1369 was in upper normal range pre - and postoperatively, though it decreased postoperatively, but it could not attain a statistical significance (p = 0.5). INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: @entity1636 in @entity459 do occur, however these are inconsistent and do not recover in majority of @entity1 even after 3 months of curative parathyroidectomy.

title: A pilot study on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical XXXX in @entity459 .

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['axis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity272 are the predominant clinical feature of the commonest form of @entity5310 . @entity5310 is classified according to World Health Organization criteria. Determination of the levels of mast-cell mediators or their metabolites reflects the mast-cell burden. The extent of @entity20145 can be assessed clinically using a scoring system (SCORing MAstocytosis; SCORMA Index) that we have developed. OBJECTIVE: Serum tryptase levels were compared with the SCORMA Index in a large group of paediatric and adult @entity1 to investigate whether there was any correlation between the two. METHODS: The SCORMA Index in 64 @entity1 (31 @entity1 and 33 adults) was compared with serum tryptase levels. The results of the first visit at which SCORMA and tryptase were evaluated were analysed. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between the SCORMA Index and serum tryptase levels, indicating the value of the SCORMA Index in the assessment of @entity5310 with @entity272 . CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the SCORMA Index is a useful tool for evaluating the severity of @entity20145 . The correlation between the SCORMA Index and serum tryptase levels underlines the benefit of the SCORMA Index as a clinical tool. Repeated SCORMA Index measurements can provide a rapid impression of changes in the clinical state of @entity5310 . This is particularly relevant in @entity1 , because taking blood samples from this group is much more difficult. The well-established methods for evaluation of disease severity may be expanded by the rapid SCORMA Index method.

title: Serum tryptase and SCORMA (SCORing MAstocytosis) Index as disease severity parameters in childhood and adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20145 :: ('MESH:D034701', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytosis', 'Mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin lesions', 'skin involvement']

answer: @entity20145 :: (MESH:D034701,Disease) :: ['cutaneous mastocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 -associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can promote @entity105 and @entity5 progression. Only limited data on the response of CAFs to chemotherapy and their potential impact on therapy outcome are available. This study was undertaken to analyze the influence of chemotherapy on @entity189 -associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: The in vivo response of stromal cells to chemotherapy was investigated in 22 neoadjuvant treated @entity0 on tissue sections before and after chemotherapy. Response to chemotherapy was analyzed in vitro in primary cultures of isolated CAFs from 28 @entity1 lung and 9 @entity0 tissues. The response was correlated to @entity7465 , @entity11833 and @entity876 polymorphisms and @entity876 mutation status. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects were evaluated in an ex vivo experiment using cultured tissue slices from 16 lung and 17 @entity0 specimens. RESULTS: Nine of 22 @entity5 showed a therapy-dependent reduction of stromal activity. Pathological response of @entity5 or stroma cells did not correlate with clinical response. Isolated CAFs showed little sensitivity to @entity1311 . In contrast, sensitivity of CAFs to @entity900 was highly variable with a GI50 ranging from 2.8 to 29.0 microM which is comparable to the range observed in @entity5 cell lines. No somatic @entity876 mutation was detected in any of the 28 CAFs from @entity2 tissue. In addition, response to @entity900 was not significantly associated with the genotype of @entity876 nor @entity7465 and @entity11833 polymorphisms. However, we observed a non-significant trend towards decreased sensitivity in the presence of @entity876 variant genotype. In contrast to the results obtained in isolated cell culture, in tissue slice culture @entity0 CAFs responded to @entity1311 within their microenvironment in the majority of cases (9/14). The opposite was observed in @entity2 tissues: only few CAFs were sensitive to @entity900 within their microenvironment (2/15) whereas a higher proportion responded to @entity900 in isolated culture. CONCLUSION: Similar to @entity5 cells, CAF response to chemotherapy is highly variable. Beside significant individual/intrinsic differences the sensitivity of CAFs seems to depend also on the @entity5 as well as the microenvironment.

title: Highly variable response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in XXXX -associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from lung and breast.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer type', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several aspects concerning the relationship between the @entity209 and incident @entity6 are incompletely understood including the magnitude of the risk estimate, potential gender differences in the associations between the @entity209 and incident @entity6 , the associations between the components of the @entity209 and incident @entity6 , and whether the @entity209 provides additional prediction beyond its components. To shed light on these issues, we examined the prospective association between the @entity209 defined by the National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) and International @entity6 Federation (IDF) and @entity6 . METHODS: We used data for 2796 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 35-65 years from the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition-Potsdam Study followed for an average of 6.9 years. This analysis employed a case-cohort design that included 697 @entity1 who developed @entity6 and 2099 @entity1 who did not. Incident @entity6 was identified on the basis of self-reports and verified by contacting the @entity1 's attending physician. RESULTS: The adjusted hazard ratio for the NCEP definition was 4.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.90-5.48) and that for the IDF definition was 4.59 (95% CI: 3.84-5.50). The adjusted hazard ratios for the NCEP but not IDF definition were higher for @entity1 than @entity1 . When @entity1 who had no @entity854 were used as the reference group for the NCEP definition, the adjusted hazard ratio for having 3 or more abnormalities increased to 22.50 (95% CI: 11.21-45.19). Of the five components, @entity1144 and @entity4854 were most strongly associated with incident @entity6 . CONCLUSION: In this study population, both definitions of the @entity209 provided similar estimates of relative risk for incident @entity6 . The increase in risk for @entity1 with the @entity209 according to the NCEP definition was very large when contrasted with the risk among those who had no @entity854 .

title: @entity209 and risk of incident @entity6 : findings from the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition-Potsdam Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several aspects concerning the relationship between the @entity209 and incident @entity6 are incompletely understood including the magnitude of the risk estimate, potential gender differences in the associations between the @entity209 and incident @entity6 , the associations between the components of the @entity209 and incident @entity6 , and whether the @entity209 provides additional prediction beyond its components. To shed light on these issues, we examined the prospective association between the @entity209 defined by the National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) and International @entity6 Federation (IDF) and @entity6 . METHODS: We used data for 2796 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 35-65 years from the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition-Potsdam Study followed for an average of 6.9 years. This analysis employed a case-cohort design that included 697 @entity1 who developed @entity6 and 2099 @entity1 who did not. Incident @entity6 was identified on the basis of self-reports and verified by contacting the @entity1 's attending physician. RESULTS: The adjusted hazard ratio for the NCEP definition was 4.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.90-5.48) and that for the IDF definition was 4.59 (95% CI: 3.84-5.50). The adjusted hazard ratios for the NCEP but not IDF definition were higher for @entity1 than @entity1 . When @entity1 who had no @entity854 were used as the reference group for the NCEP definition, the adjusted hazard ratio for having 3 or more abnormalities increased to 22.50 (95% CI: 11.21-45.19). Of the five components, @entity1144 and @entity4854 were most strongly associated with incident @entity6 . CONCLUSION: In this study population, both definitions of the @entity209 provided similar estimates of relative risk for incident @entity6 . The increase in risk for @entity1 with the @entity209 according to the NCEP definition was very large when contrasted with the risk among those who had no @entity854 .

title: @entity209 and risk of incident XXXX : findings from the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition-Potsdam Study.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several aspects concerning the relationship between the @entity209 and incident @entity6 are incompletely understood including the magnitude of the risk estimate, potential gender differences in the associations between the @entity209 and incident @entity6 , the associations between the components of the @entity209 and incident @entity6 , and whether the @entity209 provides additional prediction beyond its components. To shed light on these issues, we examined the prospective association between the @entity209 defined by the National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) and International @entity6 Federation (IDF) and @entity6 . METHODS: We used data for 2796 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 35-65 years from the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition-Potsdam Study followed for an average of 6.9 years. This analysis employed a case-cohort design that included 697 @entity1 who developed @entity6 and 2099 @entity1 who did not. Incident @entity6 was identified on the basis of self-reports and verified by contacting the @entity1 's attending physician. RESULTS: The adjusted hazard ratio for the NCEP definition was 4.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.90-5.48) and that for the IDF definition was 4.59 (95% CI: 3.84-5.50). The adjusted hazard ratios for the NCEP but not IDF definition were higher for @entity1 than @entity1 . When @entity1 who had no @entity854 were used as the reference group for the NCEP definition, the adjusted hazard ratio for having 3 or more abnormalities increased to 22.50 (95% CI: 11.21-45.19). Of the five components, @entity1144 and @entity4854 were most strongly associated with incident @entity6 . CONCLUSION: In this study population, both definitions of the @entity209 provided similar estimates of relative risk for incident @entity6 . The increase in risk for @entity1 with the @entity209 according to the NCEP definition was very large when contrasted with the risk among those who had no @entity854 .

title: XXXX and risk of incident @entity6 : findings from the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition-Potsdam Study.

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1822 of the stomach are very rare. At the time of primary diagnosis the @entity5 are most often in advanced stage and the @entity1 complain of @entity490 due to large @entity5 size. Endosonographically, the @entity5 impress as submucous mass with suspicion to @entity5 . @entity242 following @entity995 in childhood are in generally located in the soft tissue. Structural alterations of the @entity995 gene ( @entity996 ) seem to be involved in the pathogenesis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old german male suffered from @entity74 . In @entity1127 was detected in the stomach. The resection specimen revealed an @entity1822 . At the age of one year, the @entity1 had a @entity995 . CONCLUSION: This is the unique report of an intramucosal @entity356 and the first account of a @entity356 after @entity995 in childhood. A careful clinical follow-up is advised because of increased risk of developing further @entity5 .

title: XXXX of the stomach following @entity995 in childhood - a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic examination a small polypous tumor']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'metachronous malignancies', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal leiomyosarcoma', 'Leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['reflux disorder']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Intramucosal leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1822 of the stomach are very rare. At the time of primary diagnosis the @entity5 are most often in advanced stage and the @entity1 complain of @entity490 due to large @entity5 size. Endosonographically, the @entity5 impress as submucous mass with suspicion to @entity5 . @entity242 following @entity995 in childhood are in generally located in the soft tissue. Structural alterations of the @entity995 gene ( @entity996 ) seem to be involved in the pathogenesis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old german male suffered from @entity74 . In @entity1127 was detected in the stomach. The resection specimen revealed an @entity1822 . At the age of one year, the @entity1 had a @entity995 . CONCLUSION: This is the unique report of an intramucosal @entity356 and the first account of a @entity356 after @entity995 in childhood. A careful clinical follow-up is advised because of increased risk of developing further @entity5 .

title: @entity1822 of the stomach following XXXX in childhood - a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['hereditary retinoblastoma']


abstract: A 48-year-old @entity1 participating in a residential treatment program was treated with @entity7046 for a @entity293 . While taking the antibiotic, two urine screens were positive for opiates; results of previous urine opiate screens had been negative. Confirmatory tests using a different assay method, however, gave negative results for opiates. Two weeks after completing @entity7046 therapy, the @entity1 's urine screen was negative for opiates. Application of the Naranjo @entity137 probability scale indicated that @entity7046 probably was associated with this @entity1 's positive urine opiate screen. @entity2887 as a class are among several compounds that have demonstrated a propensity to cross-react with enzyme immunoassay urine drug screens for opiates. Occurrence of cross-reactivity appears to vary among individual assays. The mechanism by which @entity2887 cross-react with the immunoassay is unknown. Falsepositive results could have negative effects on @entity1 care, and ramifications of a positive drug screen include possible dismissal from a substance abuse treatment program. Confirmatory analysis using a different assay method is therefore necessary to verify the presence of the target drug.

title: XXXX interference with opiate urine drug screen.

entities_list: @entity7046 :: ('MESH:C078049', 'Chemical') :: ['gatifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reaction']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones', 'Fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity7046 :: (MESH:C078049,Chemical) :: ['Gatifloxacin']


abstract: Among increasingly used pharmaceutical products, beta-blockers have been commonly reported at low concentrations in rivers and littoral waters of @entity4324 . Little is known about the @entity137 of these chemicals in freshwater ecosystems while their presence may lead to chronic pollution. Hence, in this study the acute @entity137 of 3 beta-blockers: @entity1406 , @entity1169 and @entity2165 on fluvial biofilms was assessed by using several biomarkers. Some were indicative of potential alterations in biofilm algae (photosynthetic efficiency), and others in biofilm bacteria (peptidase activity, bacterial mortality). @entity1169 was the most toxic beta-blocker, mostly affecting the algal photosynthetic process. The exposure to 531microg/L of @entity1169 caused 85% of inhibition of photosynthesis after 24h. @entity1406 was particularly toxic for bacteria. Though estimated No-Effect Concentrations (NEC) were similar to environmental concentrations, higher concentrations of the toxic (503microg/L @entity1406 ) caused an increase of 50% in bacterial mortality. @entity2165 was the least toxic of the three tested beta-blockers. Effects superior to 50% were only observed at very high concentration (707mg/L). Higher @entity137 of @entity1406 and @entity1169 might be due to better absorption within biofilms of these two chemicals. Since beta-blockers are mainly found in mixtures in rivers, their differential @entity137 could have potential relevant consequences on the interactions between algae and bacteria within river biofilms.

title: Fluvial biofilms: A pertinent tool to assess beta-blockers XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4324 :: ('MESH:C567261', 'Disease') :: ['Europe and North America']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol', 'Metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol', 'Atenolol']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: It is generally accepted that @entity101 doubles the risk of @entity65 , of which @entity301 is the most common and lethal. @entity101 is a predisposing factor for the development of @entity64 , peripheral @entity455 , @entity712 and end-state @entity8 . @entity731 -causing @entity301 is related to the severity of @entity101 . Inhibition of @entity460 entry reduces the active tone of vascular smooth muscle and produces vasodilatation. This pharmacological action has been the basis for the use of @entity460 -channel blockers (CCBs) for the management of @entity101 . Other drug families may achieve this: diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor antagonists. @entity65 and @entity731 are major complications related to @entity101 . @entity1283 is considered as an independent risk factor associated with abnormalities of diastolic function and can result in @entity712 . @entity731 is associated with activation of innate immunity. @entity731 is expressing itself not only as @entity301 , but as a cerebrovascular and peripheral @entity455 . By impairing physiological vasomotor function, @entity731 includes ultimately @entity39 of myocardium. CCBs reduce blood pressure. Do they prevent the progress of the main complications of @entity101 ? This major question is the matter of the present paper.

title: @entity460 -channel modulators for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'Cardiovascular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']