abstract: The advent and wide application of new technology, especially noninvasive techniques, has enabled physicians to more completely investigate and clarify the etiopathogenic mechanisms of @entity64 . Such data have not been available until recently for Southeastern Europe. In addition, during the last decades, strategies for the modification of risk factors and primary prevention may have changed the prevalence of each subgroup of @entity64 as well. We investigated 1, 042 consecutive @entity1 who had first @entity64 , during a period of 5 years (from June 1992 to May 1997) and classified them prospectively based on etiopathogenic mechanisms. @entity1 with transient @entity63 attacks and @entity510 were excluded. There were 613 male and 429 female @entity1 , with a mean age of 70.2 +/- 11.9 years. Forty-six percent of the @entity1 arrived within 3 h from @entity64 onset. The probable mechanisms were: large-artery @entity731 , 156 (15%); lacunes, 177 (17%); cardioembolic, 335 (32.1%); @entity1188 of unknown cause, 182 (17.5%); miscellaneous causes, 35 (3.3%), and @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ), 157 (15.1%). In the cardioembolic group, nonvalvular @entity955 (NVAF) was the probable cause in 225 @entity1 , especially in @entity1 older than 75 years (65%). The overall hospital mortality was 15.2% (from 0.6% for @entity64 to 34% for @entity1779 ). In our population, cardioembolism is the most frequent subtype of @entity64 . NVAF is the most likely source, especially in older @entity1 .

title: The XXXX registry: results of a five-year hospital-based study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Athens stroke']


abstract: A new rapid assay for the @entity18398 group of toxins, based on lateral flow immunochromatographic (LFIC) test strips developed by Jellett Rapid Testing Ltd., was assessed on naturally contaminated bivalves from the Portuguese coast. One prototype was evaluated using samples harvested during 2005, extracted with 80% @entity1042 , followed by dilution with the running buffer of a methanolic extract after alkaline hydrolysis for @entity14743 . The second prototype was assessed using samples harvested during 2006, extracted with 100% @entity1042 and, after alkaline hydrolysis, the @entity1042 was evaporated by a @entity1568 stream followed by re-suspension with the running buffer. The first prototype failed to detect 20% of samples that were positive by LC-MS in the range 160-480 microg kg(-1), and were classified as negative or trace level by LFIC. The presence of @entity1042 in the extracts made correct detection of toxins more difficult. The second prototype classified as positive all samples above 160 microg kg(-1), as confirmed by LC-MS. However, in the second prototype, matrix effects were a major drawback and led to 45% false positives, particularly for mussels, due to compounds in shellfish extracts interfering with the antibodies and reducing the test line intensity. Extraction with a higher percentage of @entity1042 was thought responsible for these matrix effects. Regarding sample migration, both prototypes needed one hour before reading. In an attempt to speed-up sample preparation, a direct digestion of bivalve tissues with @entity7159 was evaluated. Low recoveries for esters were found by LC-MS with this hydrolysis technique compared to conventional hydrolysis of methanolic extracts. While prototype A was not sensitive enough, prototype B had too many false positives to be of use to the shellfish industry or in a monitoring program.

title: Assessment of a new lateral flow immunochromatographic (LFIC) assay for the XXXX group of toxins using naturally contaminated bivalve shellfish from the Portuguese coast.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['okadaic acid']

entities_list: @entity7159 :: ('MESH:D012972', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hydroxide']

answer: @entity18398 :: (MESH:D019319,Chemical) :: ['okadaic acid']


abstract: A model for @entity438 growth, proposed by Kroon and Holzapfel (2007, "A Model for Saccular @entity438 Growth in a @entity1 Middle Cerebral Artery," J. Theor. Biol., 247, pp. 775-787; 2008, "Modeling of @entity439 Growth in a @entity1 Middle Cerebral Artery," ASME J. Biomech. @entity6459 ., 130, p. 051012), is further investigated. A @entity1 middle cerebral artery is modeled as a two-layer cylinder where the layers correspond to the media and the adventitia. The immediate loss of media in the location of the @entity439 is taken to be responsible for the initiation of the @entity439 growth. The @entity439 is regarded as a development of the adventitia, which is composed of several distinct layers of collagen fibers perfectly aligned in specified directions. The collagen fibers are the only load-bearing constituent in the @entity439 wall; their production and degradation depend on the stretch of the wall and are responsible for the @entity439 growth. The anisotropy of the surrounding media was modeled using the strain-energy function proposed by Holzapfel et al. (2000, "A New Constitutive Framework for Arterial Wall Mechanics and a Comparative Study of Material Models," J. Elast., 61, pp. 1-48), which is valid for an elastic material with two families of fibers. It was shown that the inclusion of fibers in the media reduced the maximum principal Cauchy stress and the maximum shear stress in the @entity439 wall. The thickness increase in the @entity439 wall due to material growth was also decreased. Varying the fiber angle in the media from a circumferential direction to a deviation of 10 deg from the circumferential direction did, however, only show a little effect. Altering the axial in situ stretch of the artery had a much larger effect in terms of the steady-state shape of the @entity439 and the resulting stresses in the @entity439 wall. The peak values of the maximum principal stress and the thickness increase both became significantly higher for larger axial stretches.

title: Influence of medial collagen organization and axial in situ stretch on XXXX growth.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Saccular Aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['saccular cerebral aneurysm', 'Cerebral Aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['saccular cerebral aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence and aetiology of @entity1944 in the community and presenting to general practitioners. Comparison with incidence and aetiology of cases reaching national laboratory based surveillance. DESIGN: Population based community cohort incidence study, general practice based incidence studies, and case linkage to national laboratory surveillance. SETTING: 70 general practices throughout England. @entity1 : 459 975 @entity1 served by the practices. Community surveillance of 9776 randomly selected @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of @entity1944 in community and reported to general practice. RESULTS: 781 cases were identified in the community cohort, giving an incidence of 19.4/100 @entity1 years (95% confidence interval 18.1 to 20.8). 8770 cases presented to general practice (3.3/100 @entity1 years (2.94 to 3.75)). One case was reported to national surveillance for every 1.4 laboratory identifications, 6.2 stools sent for laboratory investigation, 23 cases presenting to general practice, and 136 community cases. The ratio of cases in the community to cases reaching national surveillance was lower for bacterial pathogens (salmonella 3.2:1, campylobacter 7.6:1) than for viruses (rotavirus 35:1, small round structured viruses 1562:1). There were many cases for which no organism was identified. CONCLUSIONS: Infectious intestinal disease occurs in 1 in 5 @entity1 each year, of whom 1 in 6 presents to a general practitioner. The proportion of cases not recorded by national laboratory surveillance is large and varies widely by microorganism. Ways of supplementing the national laboratory surveillance system for infectious @entity1944 should be considered.

title: Study of XXXX in England: rates in the community, presenting to general practice, and reported to national surveillance. The Infectious Intestinal Disease Study Executive.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['infectious intestinal disease', 'intestinal diseases']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['infectious intestinal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis lesions accumulate @entity13880 ( @entity13880 ) with a variable distribution within plaques due to variations in @entity5656 causing differences in penetration of cream or light. OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of different keratolytic pretreatments in PpIX-induced fluorescence diagnosis (FDAP) and during photodynamic therapy (PDT). METHODS: Two @entity1569 plaques of 10 @entity1 were treated with either topical @entity1968 or with a hydrocolloid dressing. The hydrocolloid dressing gave the best results. Subsequently, two different contralateral plaques of eight @entity1 were pretreated with a hydrocolloid dressing or the standard pretreatment, @entity3785 in petrolatum, during the 6 weeks of PDT. Biopsies were investigated with respect to stratum corneum thickness, proliferation, differentiation and @entity32 . RESULTS: Irritation and point bleedings were noticed after @entity1968 . A hydrocolloid dressing induced the best clinical improvement. Therefore, it was used as alternative pretreatment for @entity1569 prior to PDT. We observed significant clinical and immunohistochemical improvement of @entity1569 in the @entity3785 as well as the hydrocolloid dressing pretreated plaques. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3785 in petrolatum and a hydrocolloid dressing prior to FDAP and PDT induce improvement of @entity5656 . Thus, a hydrocolloid dressing is a good alternative to the current keratolytic pretreatment regime.

title: The effects of keratolytic pretreatment prior to fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid-induced porphyrins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid', 'Salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['PpIX', 'protoporphyrin IX']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: In this prospective, randomized, open-label clinical trial, we compared the efficacy and safety of two antibiotic regimens for severe @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Sixty-two in- @entity1 with @entity6 received either @entity3400 / @entity7120 ( @entity4552 -Tazo, n = 30) (4.5 g intravenously every 8h) or @entity2892 / @entity9234 ( @entity15129 , n = 32) (0.5 g intravenously every 6h). The mean duration of treatment was 21 days for @entity4552 -Tazo and 24 days for @entity15129 . Twenty-two (73.3%) @entity1 in the @entity4552 -Tazo group and 26 (81.2%) @entity1 in the @entity15129 group had @entity6 associated with @entity4034 . Successful clinical response was seen in 14 (46.7%) @entity1 in the @entity4552 -Tazo group and in nine (28.1%) @entity1 in the @entity15129 group [relative risk (RR) 1.6 (95% CI 0.84-3.25), p 0.130]. Two @entity1 in the @entity15129 group and none in the @entity4552 -Tazo group relapsed [RR 2 (0.94-4.24), p 0.058]. Eighty-nine microorganisms were isolated: 38 (43%) Gram-positive and 51(57%) Gram-negative. Among @entity1 with positive culture, 47 (96%) had complete and two (4%) had partial microbiological response. Microbiological response rates were similar in both groups (p 1.000). Amputation was performed in 18 (60%) and 22 (69%) @entity1 in the @entity4552 -Tazo and @entity15129 groups (p 0.739) respectively. Side effects were more common in the @entity4552 -Tazo group (30% vs. 9.4%), but they were generally mild and reversible. In conclusion, although the sample size was small and the results did not reach statistical significance, @entity4552 -Tazo produced a better clinical response rate than @entity15129 in the treatment of severe @entity6 . There was no significant difference between the treatment groups with respect to microbiological response, relapse and amputation rates.

title: @entity3400 / @entity7120 versus imipenem/cilastatin for severe XXXX : a prospective, randomized clinical trial in a university hospital.

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DFI', 'diabetic foot infections']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot infections']


abstract: In this prospective, randomized, open-label clinical trial, we compared the efficacy and safety of two antibiotic regimens for severe @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Sixty-two in- @entity1 with @entity6 received either @entity3400 / @entity7120 ( @entity4552 -Tazo, n = 30) (4.5 g intravenously every 8h) or @entity2892 / @entity9234 ( @entity15129 , n = 32) (0.5 g intravenously every 6h). The mean duration of treatment was 21 days for @entity4552 -Tazo and 24 days for @entity15129 . Twenty-two (73.3%) @entity1 in the @entity4552 -Tazo group and 26 (81.2%) @entity1 in the @entity15129 group had @entity6 associated with @entity4034 . Successful clinical response was seen in 14 (46.7%) @entity1 in the @entity4552 -Tazo group and in nine (28.1%) @entity1 in the @entity15129 group [relative risk (RR) 1.6 (95% CI 0.84-3.25), p 0.130]. Two @entity1 in the @entity15129 group and none in the @entity4552 -Tazo group relapsed [RR 2 (0.94-4.24), p 0.058]. Eighty-nine microorganisms were isolated: 38 (43%) Gram-positive and 51(57%) Gram-negative. Among @entity1 with positive culture, 47 (96%) had complete and two (4%) had partial microbiological response. Microbiological response rates were similar in both groups (p 1.000). Amputation was performed in 18 (60%) and 22 (69%) @entity1 in the @entity4552 -Tazo and @entity15129 groups (p 0.739) respectively. Side effects were more common in the @entity4552 -Tazo group (30% vs. 9.4%), but they were generally mild and reversible. In conclusion, although the sample size was small and the results did not reach statistical significance, @entity4552 -Tazo produced a better clinical response rate than @entity15129 in the treatment of severe @entity6 . There was no significant difference between the treatment groups with respect to microbiological response, relapse and amputation rates.

title: XXXX / @entity7120 versus imipenem/cilastatin for severe @entity6 : a prospective, randomized clinical trial in a university hospital.

answer: @entity3400 :: (MESH:D010878,Chemical) :: ['Piperacillin']


abstract: In this prospective, randomized, open-label clinical trial, we compared the efficacy and safety of two antibiotic regimens for severe @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Sixty-two in- @entity1 with @entity6 received either @entity3400 / @entity7120 ( @entity4552 -Tazo, n = 30) (4.5 g intravenously every 8h) or @entity2892 / @entity9234 ( @entity15129 , n = 32) (0.5 g intravenously every 6h). The mean duration of treatment was 21 days for @entity4552 -Tazo and 24 days for @entity15129 . Twenty-two (73.3%) @entity1 in the @entity4552 -Tazo group and 26 (81.2%) @entity1 in the @entity15129 group had @entity6 associated with @entity4034 . Successful clinical response was seen in 14 (46.7%) @entity1 in the @entity4552 -Tazo group and in nine (28.1%) @entity1 in the @entity15129 group [relative risk (RR) 1.6 (95% CI 0.84-3.25), p 0.130]. Two @entity1 in the @entity15129 group and none in the @entity4552 -Tazo group relapsed [RR 2 (0.94-4.24), p 0.058]. Eighty-nine microorganisms were isolated: 38 (43%) Gram-positive and 51(57%) Gram-negative. Among @entity1 with positive culture, 47 (96%) had complete and two (4%) had partial microbiological response. Microbiological response rates were similar in both groups (p 1.000). Amputation was performed in 18 (60%) and 22 (69%) @entity1 in the @entity4552 -Tazo and @entity15129 groups (p 0.739) respectively. Side effects were more common in the @entity4552 -Tazo group (30% vs. 9.4%), but they were generally mild and reversible. In conclusion, although the sample size was small and the results did not reach statistical significance, @entity4552 -Tazo produced a better clinical response rate than @entity15129 in the treatment of severe @entity6 . There was no significant difference between the treatment groups with respect to microbiological response, relapse and amputation rates.

title: @entity3400 / XXXX versus imipenem/cilastatin for severe @entity6 : a prospective, randomized clinical trial in a university hospital.

answer: @entity7120 :: (MESH:C043265,Chemical) :: ['tazobactam']


abstract: Analysis of base composition has proven important for functional gene analysis. By comparing base composition and codon usage between two specific @entity1 gene families we were able to show a highly conserved @entity377 distribution among the members of one gene family and a significant difference between the two families. The two groups selected for analysis were the @entity1 @entity4050 gene family, which represents six secreted @entity1 plasma proteins with functions in immune defense, and a class of four @entity1 @entity219 finger proteins, termed early growth response (EGR) proteins, which represent DNA-binding transcription factors. The @entity377 distribution of each gene family is distinct: members of the @entity4050 gene family represent @entity1129 -rich genes, displaying an overall @entity1129 @entity377 content of 62.8% and a particular preference for A @entity2036 (33.9%). In contrast, the EGR genes are GC-rich (55.9%) and C @entity2036 are used in 31.2%. This @entity377 difference affects codon usage among synonymous codons and is considered of biological significance, as it affects DNA stability. The codon preference is particularly high at codon position 3, where each family selects for codons which have the preferred @entity377 at this silent third position. At position 3, A @entity2036 are preferred by @entity4050 genes in 36.3% of the 2, 503 codons analyzed, compared to 10% of the 1,876 codons analyzed for the EGR family. In contrast, C @entity2036 are used by the EGR family in 48.1%, compared to 16% of the triplets used by the @entity4050 gene family. This comparison of two @entity1 gene families shows that @entity377 distribution and codon usage is not uniform within the @entity1 organism and the described differences most likely represent selection constraints between the polymorphic @entity4050 and highly conserved EGR genes.

title: Two @entity1 gene families display preferences for different XXXX and have distinct codon usage patterns.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity2036 :: (MESH:D009711,Chemical) :: ['nucleotides']


abstract: Analysis of base composition has proven important for functional gene analysis. By comparing base composition and codon usage between two specific @entity1 gene families we were able to show a highly conserved @entity377 distribution among the members of one gene family and a significant difference between the two families. The two groups selected for analysis were the @entity1 @entity4050 gene family, which represents six secreted @entity1 plasma proteins with functions in immune defense, and a class of four @entity1 @entity219 finger proteins, termed early growth response (EGR) proteins, which represent DNA-binding transcription factors. The @entity377 distribution of each gene family is distinct: members of the @entity4050 gene family represent @entity1129 -rich genes, displaying an overall @entity1129 @entity377 content of 62.8% and a particular preference for A @entity2036 (33.9%). In contrast, the EGR genes are GC-rich (55.9%) and C @entity2036 are used in 31.2%. This @entity377 difference affects codon usage among synonymous codons and is considered of biological significance, as it affects DNA stability. The codon preference is particularly high at codon position 3, where each family selects for codons which have the preferred @entity377 at this silent third position. At position 3, A @entity2036 are preferred by @entity4050 genes in 36.3% of the 2, 503 codons analyzed, compared to 10% of the 1,876 codons analyzed for the EGR family. In contrast, C @entity2036 are used by the EGR family in 48.1%, compared to 16% of the triplets used by the @entity4050 gene family. This comparison of two @entity1 gene families shows that @entity377 distribution and codon usage is not uniform within the @entity1 organism and the described differences most likely represent selection constraints between the polymorphic @entity4050 and highly conserved EGR genes.

title: Two XXXX gene families display preferences for different @entity2036 and have distinct codon usage patterns.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity4090 gene is mainly expressed in pituitary lactotrope cells, but transcription from an alternative, far upstream promoter was detected in lymphoid, placental and mammary cells. We describe the transcriptional activity in @entity35 pituitary cells of the complete region separating the two promoters, using transient transfection experiments. A far upstream activating region was only functional in combination with the @entity4090 promoter. DNaseI protection experiments revealed, in addition to binding sites for the pituitary-specific factor @entity10914 , sites (e.g. @entity15757 ) for several ubiquitous factors and one lymphoid-specific factor (SD4). A single copy of the ubiquitous site @entity15757 or the lymphoid-specific site SD4 was unable to activate transcription of a heterologous promoter in pituitary cells. However, @entity15757 activated transcription in nonpituitary cells and SD4 was functional specifically in lymphoid cells. Five copies of a distal site (D8) activated transcription in each cell type tested. Gel retardation experiments show that this site binds the specific factor @entity6863 in liver and a distinct factor in other cell types. Our results suggest that different elements within this large region direct specific expression from each promoter via a complex interplay between cell-specific and ubiquitous transcription factors.

title: Far upstream sequences regulate the @entity1 XXXX promoter transcription.

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity4090 gene is mainly expressed in pituitary lactotrope cells, but transcription from an alternative, far upstream promoter was detected in lymphoid, placental and mammary cells. We describe the transcriptional activity in @entity35 pituitary cells of the complete region separating the two promoters, using transient transfection experiments. A far upstream activating region was only functional in combination with the @entity4090 promoter. DNaseI protection experiments revealed, in addition to binding sites for the pituitary-specific factor @entity10914 , sites (e.g. @entity15757 ) for several ubiquitous factors and one lymphoid-specific factor (SD4). A single copy of the ubiquitous site @entity15757 or the lymphoid-specific site SD4 was unable to activate transcription of a heterologous promoter in pituitary cells. However, @entity15757 activated transcription in nonpituitary cells and SD4 was functional specifically in lymphoid cells. Five copies of a distal site (D8) activated transcription in each cell type tested. Gel retardation experiments show that this site binds the specific factor @entity6863 in liver and a distinct factor in other cell types. Our results suggest that different elements within this large region direct specific expression from each promoter via a complex interplay between cell-specific and ubiquitous transcription factors.

title: Far upstream sequences regulate the XXXX @entity4090 promoter transcription.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of post-operative oral contraceptives (OCs) use on the rate of recurrence after laparoscopic excision of @entity43 . METHODS: In May 2005, we introduced a 'post-operative OC recommendation' for @entity1 treated with laparoscopic excision of @entity46 . That is, at the time of the operation, we provided each @entity1 with information about OC, known and possible benefits and risks and let her decide whether to take OC. A retrospective cohort study included 87 @entity1 who underwent a laparoscopy after May 2005. The @entity46 recurrence rate at 24 months was compared between those who used OC for the entire follow-up period OC (n = 34) and all of the others (n = 53). We also performed logistic regression analysis to identify variables associated with recurrence. A before-after study included another 224 @entity1 who underwent a laparoscopy before May 2005 and compared the recurrence rate before and after introduction of the 'post-operative OC recommendation'. RESULTS: The recurrence rate in those who used OC for the entire period was significantly lower than in the 'others' group (2.9 versus 35.8%, relative risk 0.082, 95% CI 0.012-0.58, P < 0.001). Post-operative OC was determined as an independent variable associated with lower recurrence (OR 0.054, 95% CI 0.007-0.429, P < 0.001). The overall recurrence rate in @entity1 who underwent laparoscopy after the introduction of the 'post-operative OC recommendation' was significantly lower than that in @entity1 who received laparoscopy before the introduction (18.6 versus 33.1%, relative risk 0.56, 95% CI 0.32-0.97, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Post-operative OC use reduces the risk of @entity43 recurrence after laparoscopic excision. This information will help in appropriate planning of pre- and post-operative management.

title: Post-operative oral contraceptive use reduces the risk of XXXX recurrence after laparoscopic excision.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometrioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian endometrioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and appearance of changes in the breast on sonography in @entity1 after @entity0 surgery including sentinel lymph node localization using @entity6693 dye. METHODS: Three hundred thirty-seven consecutive @entity1 who underwent breast-conserving surgery in 2006 underwent breast sonography during 2 years after surgery. Sentinel lymph node localization using @entity6693 dye was selectively performed. We retrospectively analyzed the unexplained focal lesions not at the lumpectomy site on sonography and investigated whether these findings were associated with sentinel lymph node localization. RESULTS: Unexplained focal lesions were identified in 36 (14.1%) of 256 @entity1 who had undergone sentinel lymph node localization. The lesions were in the periareolar region (n = 26; outer in 16, upper in 6, inner in 2, and lower in 2) or the retroareolar region (n = 10). The lesion appeared with a fat @entity39 -like pattern in the subcutaneous fat layer in 24 (66.7%) or as an irregular mass in the glandular layer in 12 (33.3%). The unexplained focal lesions were pathologically proven benign (n = 10) or were improved or stable during 2 years of imaging follow-up after surgery (n = 26). The unexplained focal lesions in 2 (2.5%) of 81 @entity1 without sentinel lymph node localization were in the nonareolar region, and 1 of these was a recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: After sentinel lymph node localization using @entity6693 dye, breast sonography can show unexplained focal lesions in the periareolar and retroareolar regions. Although most of the changes suggest fat @entity39 , an irregular parenchymal mass can develop and mimic a recurrence.

title: XXXX dye-related changes in the breast after sentinel lymph node localization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity6693 :: (MESH:D008751,Chemical) :: ['Methylene blue']


abstract: This study evaluates the 5-year outcome data for the management of advanced @entity43 in the South West of England. Anonymized data for 361 stage III and IV @entity43 registered between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 1998, were obtained from the central gynecological @entity5 database. The following data were identified: age at diagnosis, FIGO stage, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, @entity5 differentiation, treating network and surgeon, amount of @entity66 after debulking surgery, current life status, and date of death if applicable. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier crude survival for univariate analysis, and multivariate analysis was performed by Cox regression. In our data the 5-year survival for @entity1 with stage III was 16% and with stage IV was 10%. Survival analysis demonstrated that @entity1 in whom the disease was debulked to less than 1 cm were more likely to be alive 5 years after diagnosis than those with a 2-cm residuum (P < 0.0001). There was no significant survival difference for those @entity1 operated on by subspecialist surgeons despite these surgeons being twice as likely to achieve optimal debulking. Therefore, there must be other variables influencing survival apart from cytoreductive surgery. While there is near-complete data collection about @entity43 surgery, our database on chemotherapy is incomplete. This is clearly crucial for a complete view of @entity5 care in our region.

title: Stage III and IV XXXX in the South West of England: five-year outcome analysis for cases treated in 1998.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity226 ( @entity226 ) and @entity2760 ( @entity2760 ) generally respond well to treatment with glucocorticoids (GC). We sought to determine the value of clinical, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic findings and the expression of the @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) for discriminating between @entity1 who achieve complete remission, or partial remission, or who do not improve with glucocorticoid treatment. METHODS: We examined biopsies of the temporal artery from 60 @entity1 , of whom 27 had @entity226 , 13 @entity2760 , and 20 @entity4288 . RESULTS: Of the clinical variables evaluated, @entity89 was correlated with the histologic classification of the biopsies (p < 0.0001). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity2760 and @entity226 than in @entity1 with @entity4288 (p < 0.0001). There were significant differences between @entity1 with @entity226 versus @entity2760 in the numbers of CD3-, @entity405 -, and @entity404 -positive T cells, in @entity469 -positive monocytes (p < 0.0001), and antigen-presenting cells (p < 0.0001). @entity13221 -positive and @entity2225 -positive cells were absent in @entity1 with @entity2760 but present in @entity1 with @entity226 (p < 0.0001). In @entity32 most monocytes and lymphocytes expressed @entity4738 (88.9%). The number of @entity469 -positive cells and the extent of @entity4738 -staining in chronic @entity32 reflected the success of treatment in logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). @entity4738 polymorphism showed that more than 90% of @entity1 had the wild-type (homozygote) of the @entity71992 or @entity16123 polymorphism. There was no evidence that this polymorphism influenced response to treatment with GC (Fisher's exact test 1.0). CONCLUSION: Expression of @entity4738 and the presence of @entity2225 -, CD3-, @entity404 -, @entity405 -, @entity469 -, @entity13221 -positive cells and antigen-presenting cells differ between @entity226 and @entity2760 . The presence of @entity469 -positive cells and the extent of @entity4738 -staining in chronic @entity32 are suitable to predict complete remission in @entity226 .

title: Predictors for treatment success and expression of @entity4738 in XXXX and @entity2760 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'GCA and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['GCA', 'Giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw claudication']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia rheumatica', 'PMR']

entities_list: @entity71992 :: ('p|SUB|R|23|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R23K']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['giant cell arteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity226 ( @entity226 ) and @entity2760 ( @entity2760 ) generally respond well to treatment with glucocorticoids (GC). We sought to determine the value of clinical, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic findings and the expression of the @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) for discriminating between @entity1 who achieve complete remission, or partial remission, or who do not improve with glucocorticoid treatment. METHODS: We examined biopsies of the temporal artery from 60 @entity1 , of whom 27 had @entity226 , 13 @entity2760 , and 20 @entity4288 . RESULTS: Of the clinical variables evaluated, @entity89 was correlated with the histologic classification of the biopsies (p < 0.0001). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity2760 and @entity226 than in @entity1 with @entity4288 (p < 0.0001). There were significant differences between @entity1 with @entity226 versus @entity2760 in the numbers of CD3-, @entity405 -, and @entity404 -positive T cells, in @entity469 -positive monocytes (p < 0.0001), and antigen-presenting cells (p < 0.0001). @entity13221 -positive and @entity2225 -positive cells were absent in @entity1 with @entity2760 but present in @entity1 with @entity226 (p < 0.0001). In @entity32 most monocytes and lymphocytes expressed @entity4738 (88.9%). The number of @entity469 -positive cells and the extent of @entity4738 -staining in chronic @entity32 reflected the success of treatment in logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). @entity4738 polymorphism showed that more than 90% of @entity1 had the wild-type (homozygote) of the @entity71992 or @entity16123 polymorphism. There was no evidence that this polymorphism influenced response to treatment with GC (Fisher's exact test 1.0). CONCLUSION: Expression of @entity4738 and the presence of @entity2225 -, CD3-, @entity404 -, @entity405 -, @entity469 -, @entity13221 -positive cells and antigen-presenting cells differ between @entity226 and @entity2760 . The presence of @entity469 -positive cells and the extent of @entity4738 -staining in chronic @entity32 are suitable to predict complete remission in @entity226 .

title: Predictors for treatment success and expression of @entity4738 in @entity226 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2760 :: (MESH:D011111,Disease) :: ['polymyalgia rheumatica']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity226 ( @entity226 ) and @entity2760 ( @entity2760 ) generally respond well to treatment with glucocorticoids (GC). We sought to determine the value of clinical, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic findings and the expression of the @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) for discriminating between @entity1 who achieve complete remission, or partial remission, or who do not improve with glucocorticoid treatment. METHODS: We examined biopsies of the temporal artery from 60 @entity1 , of whom 27 had @entity226 , 13 @entity2760 , and 20 @entity4288 . RESULTS: Of the clinical variables evaluated, @entity89 was correlated with the histologic classification of the biopsies (p < 0.0001). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity2760 and @entity226 than in @entity1 with @entity4288 (p < 0.0001). There were significant differences between @entity1 with @entity226 versus @entity2760 in the numbers of CD3-, @entity405 -, and @entity404 -positive T cells, in @entity469 -positive monocytes (p < 0.0001), and antigen-presenting cells (p < 0.0001). @entity13221 -positive and @entity2225 -positive cells were absent in @entity1 with @entity2760 but present in @entity1 with @entity226 (p < 0.0001). In @entity32 most monocytes and lymphocytes expressed @entity4738 (88.9%). The number of @entity469 -positive cells and the extent of @entity4738 -staining in chronic @entity32 reflected the success of treatment in logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). @entity4738 polymorphism showed that more than 90% of @entity1 had the wild-type (homozygote) of the @entity71992 or @entity16123 polymorphism. There was no evidence that this polymorphism influenced response to treatment with GC (Fisher's exact test 1.0). CONCLUSION: Expression of @entity4738 and the presence of @entity2225 -, CD3-, @entity404 -, @entity405 -, @entity469 -, @entity13221 -positive cells and antigen-presenting cells differ between @entity226 and @entity2760 . The presence of @entity469 -positive cells and the extent of @entity4738 -staining in chronic @entity32 are suitable to predict complete remission in @entity226 .

title: Predictors for treatment success and expression of XXXX in @entity226 and @entity2760 .

answer: @entity4738 :: (2908,Gene) :: ['glucocorticoid receptor']


abstract: In the authors' institute 1097 @entity1 received treatment for @entity43 between the 1st of January, 1960 and the 31st of December, 1997. 92 of them had @entity722 . In this study the link between ovulation induction therapy and @entity43 was analyzed with retrospective questionnaire. 236 questionnaires were shared out among @entity1 with @entity43 , who were treated between 1990 and 1997. 7 of 113 @entity1 , who gave correct answers to the questions (6.2%) received ovulation induction therapy. @entity43 developed in 2 of the cases during, and in 5 cases just 6-16 years after the @entity4082 - @entity1792 treatment. None of the 45 @entity1 with granulosa cell @entity5 received induction therapy. The number of @entity1 admitted because of @entity43 before and after the induction therapy was also compared. There was no significant increase in the occurrence of the @entity5 . Since 1986 in the in vitro fertilization program of the clinic nearly 1,500 @entity1 were treated with effected ovulation induction drugs causing superovulation. The authors don't know of any development of @entity43 , and 732 @entity1 have confirmed this fact. The number of @entity1 deceased in consequence of @entity43 in different age groups, and the distribution of the @entity1 population in every age group in Hungary, from the year of 1979 was also analyzed. There was no significant increase found in the number of deceased among the studied age groups, moreover a significant decrease among them could be observed. The link between ovulation induction therapy and @entity43 can neither be strengthen, nor deny by the result of the study, however the close relationship which seemed to be logical can be queried. To give an exact answer for the question a vast, long-term, prospective of retrospective follow-up case-control study is needed.

title: [Ovulation induction therapy and malignant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Epithelial ovarian cancer', 'malignant ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['malignant granulosa cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: A wide variety of commercial products can be potentially made from monomeric @entity3363 produced by the dilute acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. However, this process is accompanied by side products such as furfural that hinder microbial growth and fermentation. To investigate the mechanism of furfural inhibition, mRNA microarrays of an ethanologenic strain of @entity526 (LY180) were compared immediately prior to and 15 min after a moderate furfural challenge. Expression of genes and regulators associated with the biosynthesis of @entity462 and @entity1853 was increased by furfural, consistent with a limitation of these critical metabolites. This was in contrast to a general stringent response and decreased expression of many other biosynthetic genes. Of the 20 @entity1522 individually tested as supplements (100 microM each), @entity462 and @entity1853 were the most effective in increasing furfural tolerance with @entity563 (precursor of @entity462 ), @entity3793 , and @entity369 of lesser benefit. Supplementation with other reduced @entity599 sources such as @entity39208 and @entity8962 also increased furfural tolerance. In contrast, supplementation with @entity2226 , a @entity599 source that requires 3 molecules of @entity1110 for @entity599 assimilation, was of no benefit. Furfural tolerance was also increased by inserting a plasmid encoding pntAB, a cytoplasmic @entity2125 / @entity1110 transhydrogenase. Based on these results, a model is proposed for the inhibition of growth in which the reduction of furfural by YqhD, an enzyme with a low K(m) for @entity1110 , depletes @entity1110 sufficiently to limit the assimilation of @entity599 into @entity1522 ( @entity462 and @entity1853 ) by @entity2569 IJ ( @entity9735 reductase).

title: Furfural inhibits growth by limiting @entity599 assimilation in ethanologenic XXXX LY180.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity8962 :: ('CHEBI:26977', 'Chemical') :: ['thiosulfate']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity9735 :: ('CHEBI:48854', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfite']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity39208 :: ('CHEBI:16375', 'Chemical') :: ['d-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli strain']


abstract: A wide variety of commercial products can be potentially made from monomeric @entity3363 produced by the dilute acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. However, this process is accompanied by side products such as furfural that hinder microbial growth and fermentation. To investigate the mechanism of furfural inhibition, mRNA microarrays of an ethanologenic strain of @entity526 (LY180) were compared immediately prior to and 15 min after a moderate furfural challenge. Expression of genes and regulators associated with the biosynthesis of @entity462 and @entity1853 was increased by furfural, consistent with a limitation of these critical metabolites. This was in contrast to a general stringent response and decreased expression of many other biosynthetic genes. Of the 20 @entity1522 individually tested as supplements (100 microM each), @entity462 and @entity1853 were the most effective in increasing furfural tolerance with @entity563 (precursor of @entity462 ), @entity3793 , and @entity369 of lesser benefit. Supplementation with other reduced @entity599 sources such as @entity39208 and @entity8962 also increased furfural tolerance. In contrast, supplementation with @entity2226 , a @entity599 source that requires 3 molecules of @entity1110 for @entity599 assimilation, was of no benefit. Furfural tolerance was also increased by inserting a plasmid encoding pntAB, a cytoplasmic @entity2125 / @entity1110 transhydrogenase. Based on these results, a model is proposed for the inhibition of growth in which the reduction of furfural by YqhD, an enzyme with a low K(m) for @entity1110 , depletes @entity1110 sufficiently to limit the assimilation of @entity599 into @entity1522 ( @entity462 and @entity1853 ) by @entity2569 IJ ( @entity9735 reductase).

title: Furfural inhibits growth by limiting XXXX assimilation in ethanologenic @entity526 LY180.

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The vasoconstricting peptide @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) has been associated with @entity65 , vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth stimulation, and intimal thickening. @entity2232 binds 2 receptor subtypes, endothelin A and B, and the @entity2231 receptor mediates vasoconstriction and VSMC growth. This study aims to quantitatively assess arterial remodeling variables and compare them with changes in @entity2232 , @entity2231 , and @entity1627 expression in the internal mammary artery (IMA). METHODS AND RESULTS: Specimens from 55 @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 (45 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ; mean age 65 years) and 14 control IMA specimens (from 7 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ; mean age 45 years) were collected. IMA cross sections were assessed by histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods to quantify the levels of medionecrosis, @entity82 , VSMC growth, @entity2232 , @entity2231 , @entity1627 , and macrophage infiltration. The percentage area of medionecrosis in the @entity1 was almost double that in the controls (31.85+/-14.52% versus 17.10+/-9.96%, P=0.0006). Total and type 1 collagen was significantly increased compared with controls (65.8+/-18.3% versus 33.7+/-13.7%, P=0.07, and 14.2+/-10.0% versus 4.8+/-2.8%, P=0.01, respectively). Despite ACE and/or statin therapy, @entity2232 expression and cell cycling were significantly elevated in the @entity1 IMAs relative to the controls (46.27+/-18.46 versus 8.56+/-8.42, P=0.0001, and 37.29+/-12.88 versus 11.06+/-8.18, P=0.0001, respectively). @entity2231 and @entity1627 staining was elevated in the @entity1 vessels (46.88+/-11.52% versus 18.58+/-7.65%, P=0.0001, and 42.98+/-7.08% versus 34.73+/-5.20%, P=0.0067, respectively). A mild presence of macrophages was noted in all sections. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated distribution of collagen indicative of @entity82 coupled with increased cell cycling and high levels of @entity2232 and @entity2231 expression in the absence of chronic @entity32 suggests altered IMA VSMC regulation is fundamental to the remodeling process.

title: Vascular remodeling in the internal mammary artery graft and association with in situ XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2232 :: (1906,Gene) :: ['endothelin-1 and receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of fatal adverse drug reactions (FADRs) in a hospitalized population, identify the drugs involved and investigate reported risk factors for these events. METHODS: The study population of this retrospective, single-centre case study comprised 289 @entity1 dying between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2004 and registered in the Cause of Death Register of a teaching hospital. All compiled data were recorded by two observers especially trained to identify and report adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The degree of probability that the ADR led directly to @entity204 was determined by using WHO criteria and an adapted version of Naranjo's score. RESULTS: Among 289 deceased study subjects, 17 (5.9%) were suspected to have died from an ADR. The most common suspected FADRs were @entity360 (52.9%), central nervous system @entity548 (17.6%), @entity299 (17.6%), drug-induced myelosuppression (6%) and antimicrobial-related @entity1964 (6%). The drugs most frequently implicated in a FADR were antithrombotic drugs (65%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (47%) and @entity288 (29%). The only risk factors associated with FADRs in this population were multiple-drug therapy and the presence of platelet antiaggregants and NSAIDs, alone or associated. CONCLUSIONS: FADRs are an important cause of @entity204 in hospitalized @entity1 . @entity548 were seen in a majority of the fatal reactions, and antithrombotic agents or NSAIDs were implicated in most of these events.

title: Prevalence of fatal adverse drug reactions in hospitalized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages', 'Hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disorders']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity3144 associated with insulin aspart therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology because of a poorly controlled Type 2 @entity6 . In an attempt to reach a tight blood @entity413 control, an intensive @entity6 management consisting of one evening dose of intermediate-acting NPH insulin and three preprandial doses of short-acting insulin aspart was introduced. Two weeks following insulin aspart introduction the @entity1 developed palpable @entity4125 on distal parts of the upper and lower limbs. Four days after the onset of @entity4125 , a skin biopsy was preformed. Histological examination showed @entity1333 with perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and erythrocyte extravasation. Direct immunofluorescence was negative. On the day the @entity4125 appeared, insulin aspart was substituted with regular @entity1 insulin. All @entity272 disappeared spontaneously within 8 days. Insulin aspart was not re-administered. DISCUSSION: Other possible causes of @entity1333 in this case were excluded by diagnostic tests. The temporal relationship between the insulin aspart administration and the occurrence of @entity4125 , with no further episodes of @entity272 after discontinuation of the drug, support the hypothesis of an insulin aspart caused @entity1333 . Based on the Naranjo's algorithm, the adverse drug reaction could be considered possible. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of @entity3144 occurring during insulin aspart treatment.

title: XXXX associated with insulin aspart in a @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['purpuric eruptions', 'purpura']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin eruptions', 'skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytoclastic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3144 :: (MESH:C535509,Disease) :: ['Leukocytoclastic vasculitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity3144 associated with insulin aspart therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology because of a poorly controlled Type 2 @entity6 . In an attempt to reach a tight blood @entity413 control, an intensive @entity6 management consisting of one evening dose of intermediate-acting NPH insulin and three preprandial doses of short-acting insulin aspart was introduced. Two weeks following insulin aspart introduction the @entity1 developed palpable @entity4125 on distal parts of the upper and lower limbs. Four days after the onset of @entity4125 , a skin biopsy was preformed. Histological examination showed @entity1333 with perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and erythrocyte extravasation. Direct immunofluorescence was negative. On the day the @entity4125 appeared, insulin aspart was substituted with regular @entity1 insulin. All @entity272 disappeared spontaneously within 8 days. Insulin aspart was not re-administered. DISCUSSION: Other possible causes of @entity1333 in this case were excluded by diagnostic tests. The temporal relationship between the insulin aspart administration and the occurrence of @entity4125 , with no further episodes of @entity272 after discontinuation of the drug, support the hypothesis of an insulin aspart caused @entity1333 . Based on the Naranjo's algorithm, the adverse drug reaction could be considered possible. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of @entity3144 occurring during insulin aspart treatment.

title: @entity3144 associated with insulin aspart in a @entity1 with type 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity3144 associated with insulin aspart therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology because of a poorly controlled Type 2 @entity6 . In an attempt to reach a tight blood @entity413 control, an intensive @entity6 management consisting of one evening dose of intermediate-acting NPH insulin and three preprandial doses of short-acting insulin aspart was introduced. Two weeks following insulin aspart introduction the @entity1 developed palpable @entity4125 on distal parts of the upper and lower limbs. Four days after the onset of @entity4125 , a skin biopsy was preformed. Histological examination showed @entity1333 with perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and erythrocyte extravasation. Direct immunofluorescence was negative. On the day the @entity4125 appeared, insulin aspart was substituted with regular @entity1 insulin. All @entity272 disappeared spontaneously within 8 days. Insulin aspart was not re-administered. DISCUSSION: Other possible causes of @entity1333 in this case were excluded by diagnostic tests. The temporal relationship between the insulin aspart administration and the occurrence of @entity4125 , with no further episodes of @entity272 after discontinuation of the drug, support the hypothesis of an insulin aspart caused @entity1333 . Based on the Naranjo's algorithm, the adverse drug reaction could be considered possible. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of @entity3144 occurring during insulin aspart treatment.

title: @entity3144 associated with insulin aspart in a XXXX with type 2 @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: AIM: The incidence and prevalence of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) are extremely high in Taiwan. It is an interesting fact that both the husband and wife in some families of Taiwan suffer from @entity454 . Therefore, we attempted to identify the potential risk factors of such couples. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study. Six couples receiving maintenance dialysis in our hospital from 1996 to 2006 were enrolled in this study. Detailed medical history; drugs history including @entity7298 ( @entity7298 ), analgesics and herbal remedies; occupational history and onset of @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) were recorded. These data are correlated with pre-dialysis laboratory findings. The outcomes of dialysis and @entity1606 were also recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Two males were Chinese herbal medicine practitioners. All the @entity1 (12/12) had taken Chinese herbs and most of them (10/12) had also taken @entity7298 (especially cold remedies and analgesics). We found all of them had bilateral contracted kidneys, mild @entity644 and trace @entity15157 . One @entity1 's renal biopsy revealed Chinese herb @entity8 . Four @entity1 (33%) suffered from @entity1606 . Three @entity1 expired during follow up due to @entity4144 , extensive @entity1606 and suicide, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Chinese herbs or compound analgesics abuse is high in couples with @entity454 . The clinical features and high incidence of @entity1606 are compatible with drug related chronic @entity1986 . Abuse of offending agents should be considered as a risk factor in family members with @entity454 .

title: XXXX in both husband and wife in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'over-the-counter drugs']

entities_list: @entity15157 :: ('MESH:D006030', 'Disease') :: ['glucosuria']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-stage renal disease']


abstract: This study was aimed at characterizing the potential differences in gene expression in piglets inoculated with @entity18723 ( @entity18723 ), the essential causative agent of postweaning @entity5653 . Seven-day-old caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were distributed into two groups: control (n = 8) and @entity1707 inoculated with 10(5.2) TCID(50) of the Burgos @entity18723 isolate (n = 16). One control and three inoculated @entity1707 were necropsied on days 1, 2, 5, and 8 post- @entity281 (p.i.). The remaining @entity1707 (four of each group) were sequentially bled on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 29 p.i. (necropsy). Total RNA from the mediastinal lymph node (MLN) and lysed whole blood (LWB) samples were hybridized to Affymetrix Porcine GeneChip. Forty-three probes were differentially expressed (DE) in MLN samples (FDR < 0.1, fold change > 2) and were distributed into three clusters: globally down-regulated genes, and up-regulated genes at early (first week p.i.) and late (day 29 p.i.) stages of @entity281 . In LWB samples,maximal differences were observed at day 7 p.i., with 54 probes DE between control and inoculated @entity1707 . Main Gene Ontology biological processes assigned to upregulated genes were related to the immune response. Six common genes were found in both types of samples, all of which belonged to the interferon signaling antiviral effector pathway. Down-regulated genes were mainly related to cell adhesion and migration in MLN, and cellular organization and biogenesis in LWB. Microarray results were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. This study provides, for the first time, the characterization of the early and late molecular events taking place in response to a subclinical @entity18723 @entity281 .

title: Time course differential gene expression in response to XXXX subclinical @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity18723 :: ('85708', 'Species') :: ['PCV2', 'Porcine circovirus type 2']

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic wasting syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity18723 :: (85708,Species) :: ['porcine circovirus type 2']


abstract: This study was aimed at characterizing the potential differences in gene expression in piglets inoculated with @entity18723 ( @entity18723 ), the essential causative agent of postweaning @entity5653 . Seven-day-old caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were distributed into two groups: control (n = 8) and @entity1707 inoculated with 10(5.2) TCID(50) of the Burgos @entity18723 isolate (n = 16). One control and three inoculated @entity1707 were necropsied on days 1, 2, 5, and 8 post- @entity281 (p.i.). The remaining @entity1707 (four of each group) were sequentially bled on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 29 p.i. (necropsy). Total RNA from the mediastinal lymph node (MLN) and lysed whole blood (LWB) samples were hybridized to Affymetrix Porcine GeneChip. Forty-three probes were differentially expressed (DE) in MLN samples (FDR < 0.1, fold change > 2) and were distributed into three clusters: globally down-regulated genes, and up-regulated genes at early (first week p.i.) and late (day 29 p.i.) stages of @entity281 . In LWB samples,maximal differences were observed at day 7 p.i., with 54 probes DE between control and inoculated @entity1707 . Main Gene Ontology biological processes assigned to upregulated genes were related to the immune response. Six common genes were found in both types of samples, all of which belonged to the interferon signaling antiviral effector pathway. Down-regulated genes were mainly related to cell adhesion and migration in MLN, and cellular organization and biogenesis in LWB. Microarray results were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. This study provides, for the first time, the characterization of the early and late molecular events taking place in response to a subclinical @entity18723 @entity281 .

title: Time course differential gene expression in response to @entity18723 subclinical XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: This study represents the first time that @entity121 , endocrine, and immune markers have been measured, together with activity profile, during a competitive soccer match. Seven semiprofessional soccer players participated in a competitive league match. Blood and saliva samples were obtained 1 hour before kick off and immediately postmatch. Global positioning system equipment was used to measure heart rate and activity profile data throughout the match. Percentage increase in @entity908 kinase (CK) and myoglobin (MYO) concentrations was correlated with the number of sprints performed during the match (r = 0.88, p = 0.019; r = 0.75, p = 0.047, respectively). @entity908 kinase increased by 84% (p = 0.17) from prematch to postmatch, whereas MYO increased by 238% (p = 0.05). Players performed 39    18 sprints during the course of the match. @entity701 increased by 78% (p = 0.103), whereas @entity251 increased significantly by 44% (p = 0.004). No differences were seen from prematch to postmatch in the @entity251 to @entity701 ratio, immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM, or IgG. Sprinting is correlated with changes in CK and MYO and may therefore be associated with @entity121 in semiprofessional soccer players.

title: XXXX , endocrine, and immune marker response to a soccer match.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine', 'Creatine']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['Muscle damage']


abstract: Primary @entity344 is a common presentation of @entity1893 . The main controversy arises when many aspects of its classification and management are under discussion, particularly regarding roles for surgical resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathologic characteristics and the therapeutic outcome of primary @entity1893 . We carried out a retrospective analysis of 74 @entity1 who were presented to our center with histopathological diagnosis of primary gastro-intestinal @entity1893 between 1990 and 2001. All @entity1 have been staged according to Lugano Staging System. For histopathological classification, International Working Formulation was applied. The treatment choice concerning the surgical or non-surgical management was decided by the initially acting physician. Treatment modalities were compared using the parameters of age, sex, histopathological results, stage, and the site of disease. Of the 74 @entity1 , 31 were female and 43 were male, with a median age of 49 years (range 15-80). The stomach was the most common primary site and was seen in 51 of 74 @entity1 (68.9%). The intermediate and high @entity706 constituted 91.9% of the all cases. In a median follow-up of 29 months (range 2-128), 20 out of 74 @entity1 died. There was a three year overall survival rate in 65.4% of all @entity1 . The three year overall survival rate was better in stage I and II1 @entity1 who were treated with surgery plus chemotherapy (+/-RT) than those treated with chemotherapy alone (93.7% vs. 55.6%, p < 0.05). The stage and presence of B symptoms affected the disease free survival and overall survival significantly, but the histopathologic grade only affected the overall survival. On the basis of these results, we suggest that surgical resection is necessary before chemotherapy in early stage (stage I and II1) @entity1 with @entity1893 because of the significant survival advantage it would bring to the @entity1 .

title: Clinicopathologic characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of primary XXXX in central Anatolia, in Turkey.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['grade lymphomas']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suicidal thoughts and behaviours during antidepressant treatment, especially during the first weeks of treatment, have prompted warnings by regulatory bodies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the course and predictors of emergence and worsening of suicidal ideation during tricyclic antidepressant and @entity750 reuptake inhibitor treatment. METHODS: In a multicentre part-randomised open-label study, 811 adult @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity308 were allocated to flexible dosage of @entity837 or @entity5080 for 12 weeks. The suicidality items of three standard measures were integrated in a suicidal ideation score. Increases in this score were classified as treatment emergent suicidal ideation (TESI) or @entity1742 ( @entity1742 ) according to the absence or presence of suicidal ideation at baseline. RESULTS: Suicidal ideation decreased during antidepressant treatment. Rates of TESI and @entity1742 peaked in the fifth week. Severity of @entity308 predicted TESI and @entity1742 . In @entity1 , @entity5080 was associated with a 9.8-fold and 2.4-fold increase in TESI and @entity1742 compared to @entity837 , respectively. Retirement and history of suicide attempts predicted @entity1742 . CONCLUSION: Increases in suicidal ideation were associated with @entity308 severity and decreased during antidepressant treatment. In @entity1 , treatment with @entity837 is associated with lower risk of suicidal ideation compared to @entity5080 . Clinicians should remain alert to suicidal ideation beyond the initial weeks of antidepressant treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT (No.2004-001723-38) and ISRCTN (No. 03693000).

title: Suicidal ideation during treatment of @entity308 with @entity837 and XXXX in genome-based therapeutic drugs for @entity308 (GENDEP): a clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity5080 :: ('MESH:D009661', 'Chemical') :: ['nortriptyline']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['TWOSI', 'treatment worsening suicidal ideation']

answer: @entity5080 :: (MESH:D009661,Chemical) :: ['nortriptyline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suicidal thoughts and behaviours during antidepressant treatment, especially during the first weeks of treatment, have prompted warnings by regulatory bodies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the course and predictors of emergence and worsening of suicidal ideation during tricyclic antidepressant and @entity750 reuptake inhibitor treatment. METHODS: In a multicentre part-randomised open-label study, 811 adult @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity308 were allocated to flexible dosage of @entity837 or @entity5080 for 12 weeks. The suicidality items of three standard measures were integrated in a suicidal ideation score. Increases in this score were classified as treatment emergent suicidal ideation (TESI) or @entity1742 ( @entity1742 ) according to the absence or presence of suicidal ideation at baseline. RESULTS: Suicidal ideation decreased during antidepressant treatment. Rates of TESI and @entity1742 peaked in the fifth week. Severity of @entity308 predicted TESI and @entity1742 . In @entity1 , @entity5080 was associated with a 9.8-fold and 2.4-fold increase in TESI and @entity1742 compared to @entity837 , respectively. Retirement and history of suicide attempts predicted @entity1742 . CONCLUSION: Increases in suicidal ideation were associated with @entity308 severity and decreased during antidepressant treatment. In @entity1 , treatment with @entity837 is associated with lower risk of suicidal ideation compared to @entity5080 . Clinicians should remain alert to suicidal ideation beyond the initial weeks of antidepressant treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT (No.2004-001723-38) and ISRCTN (No. 03693000).

title: Suicidal ideation during treatment of @entity308 with XXXX and @entity5080 in genome-based therapeutic drugs for @entity308 (GENDEP): a clinical trial.

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['escitalopram']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suicidal thoughts and behaviours during antidepressant treatment, especially during the first weeks of treatment, have prompted warnings by regulatory bodies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the course and predictors of emergence and worsening of suicidal ideation during tricyclic antidepressant and @entity750 reuptake inhibitor treatment. METHODS: In a multicentre part-randomised open-label study, 811 adult @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity308 were allocated to flexible dosage of @entity837 or @entity5080 for 12 weeks. The suicidality items of three standard measures were integrated in a suicidal ideation score. Increases in this score were classified as treatment emergent suicidal ideation (TESI) or @entity1742 ( @entity1742 ) according to the absence or presence of suicidal ideation at baseline. RESULTS: Suicidal ideation decreased during antidepressant treatment. Rates of TESI and @entity1742 peaked in the fifth week. Severity of @entity308 predicted TESI and @entity1742 . In @entity1 , @entity5080 was associated with a 9.8-fold and 2.4-fold increase in TESI and @entity1742 compared to @entity837 , respectively. Retirement and history of suicide attempts predicted @entity1742 . CONCLUSION: Increases in suicidal ideation were associated with @entity308 severity and decreased during antidepressant treatment. In @entity1 , treatment with @entity837 is associated with lower risk of suicidal ideation compared to @entity5080 . Clinicians should remain alert to suicidal ideation beyond the initial weeks of antidepressant treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT (No.2004-001723-38) and ISRCTN (No. 03693000).

title: Suicidal ideation during treatment of XXXX with @entity837 and @entity5080 in genome-based therapeutic drugs for @entity308 (GENDEP): a clinical trial.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suicidal thoughts and behaviours during antidepressant treatment, especially during the first weeks of treatment, have prompted warnings by regulatory bodies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the course and predictors of emergence and worsening of suicidal ideation during tricyclic antidepressant and @entity750 reuptake inhibitor treatment. METHODS: In a multicentre part-randomised open-label study, 811 adult @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity308 were allocated to flexible dosage of @entity837 or @entity5080 for 12 weeks. The suicidality items of three standard measures were integrated in a suicidal ideation score. Increases in this score were classified as treatment emergent suicidal ideation (TESI) or @entity1742 ( @entity1742 ) according to the absence or presence of suicidal ideation at baseline. RESULTS: Suicidal ideation decreased during antidepressant treatment. Rates of TESI and @entity1742 peaked in the fifth week. Severity of @entity308 predicted TESI and @entity1742 . In @entity1 , @entity5080 was associated with a 9.8-fold and 2.4-fold increase in TESI and @entity1742 compared to @entity837 , respectively. Retirement and history of suicide attempts predicted @entity1742 . CONCLUSION: Increases in suicidal ideation were associated with @entity308 severity and decreased during antidepressant treatment. In @entity1 , treatment with @entity837 is associated with lower risk of suicidal ideation compared to @entity5080 . Clinicians should remain alert to suicidal ideation beyond the initial weeks of antidepressant treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT (No.2004-001723-38) and ISRCTN (No. 03693000).

title: Suicidal ideation during treatment of @entity308 with @entity837 and @entity5080 in genome-based therapeutic drugs for XXXX (GENDEP): a clinical trial.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Compare the pharmacokinetics of vaginal @entity1420 gel ( @entity26602 8%, 90 mg) with that of oral @entity1420 (Prometrium, 100 mg). DESIGN: Open-label, randomized, parallel-group protocol. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. @entity1 (S): Twelve healthy postmenopausal @entity1 . INTERVENTION(S): Six subjects each were randomized to receive @entity1420 , which was administered either as 90 mg of @entity1420 gel ( @entity26602 8%) given vaginally or 100 mg @entity1420 in a capsule (Prometrium) given orally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT(S): Serum @entity1420 levels were measured by both radioimmunoassay (RIA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULT(S): @entity1420 given vaginally resulted in greater bioavailability with less relative variability in absorption than oral @entity1420 (mean AUC(0-24) = 1.48 +/- 0.16 ng. h/mL per milligram vs. 0.035 +/- 0.0052 ng. h/mL per milligram). Mean C(max) for oral @entity1420 was much lower than that of vaginal @entity1420 (i.e., 2.20 +/- 3. 06 ng/mL vs. 10.51 +/- 0.46 ng/mL). Mean T(max) occurred earlier for oral @entity1420 than for @entity26602 (1.00 +/- 0.41 hours vs. 7.67 +/- 3.67 hours). Radioimmunoassay is inappropriate for determining serum @entity1420 levels after oral administration, because it provided erroneously high values that were approximately eightfold higher than those obtained with LC-MS. CONCLUSION(S): @entity26602 ( @entity1420 gel) given vaginally results in greater bioavailability with less relative variability than oral @entity1420 , thus providing more reliable delivery of @entity1420 , compared with oral @entity1420 . Measuring circulating @entity1420 with use of direct RIA is not appropriate after oral @entity1420 administration.

title: Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of XXXX 8% administered vaginally versus Prometrium administered orally in postmenopausal @entity1 (3).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

answer: @entity26602 :: (MESH:C400424,Chemical) :: ['crinone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Compare the pharmacokinetics of vaginal @entity1420 gel ( @entity26602 8%, 90 mg) with that of oral @entity1420 (Prometrium, 100 mg). DESIGN: Open-label, randomized, parallel-group protocol. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. @entity1 (S): Twelve healthy postmenopausal @entity1 . INTERVENTION(S): Six subjects each were randomized to receive @entity1420 , which was administered either as 90 mg of @entity1420 gel ( @entity26602 8%) given vaginally or 100 mg @entity1420 in a capsule (Prometrium) given orally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT(S): Serum @entity1420 levels were measured by both radioimmunoassay (RIA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULT(S): @entity1420 given vaginally resulted in greater bioavailability with less relative variability in absorption than oral @entity1420 (mean AUC(0-24) = 1.48 +/- 0.16 ng. h/mL per milligram vs. 0.035 +/- 0.0052 ng. h/mL per milligram). Mean C(max) for oral @entity1420 was much lower than that of vaginal @entity1420 (i.e., 2.20 +/- 3. 06 ng/mL vs. 10.51 +/- 0.46 ng/mL). Mean T(max) occurred earlier for oral @entity1420 than for @entity26602 (1.00 +/- 0.41 hours vs. 7.67 +/- 3.67 hours). Radioimmunoassay is inappropriate for determining serum @entity1420 levels after oral administration, because it provided erroneously high values that were approximately eightfold higher than those obtained with LC-MS. CONCLUSION(S): @entity26602 ( @entity1420 gel) given vaginally results in greater bioavailability with less relative variability than oral @entity1420 , thus providing more reliable delivery of @entity1420 , compared with oral @entity1420 . Measuring circulating @entity1420 with use of direct RIA is not appropriate after oral @entity1420 administration.

title: Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of @entity26602 8% administered vaginally versus Prometrium administered orally in postmenopausal XXXX (3).

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a minimally invasive vertebral augmentation procedure for the treatment of recent, @entity3814 . The aim of the study was to determine the early and late outcomes of PVP for @entity3814 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively assessed outcomes of PVP in 200 @entity1 with single, osteoporotic vertebral compression @entity174 . Follow-up assessment was made 12 hours after surgery as well as after 7 days, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. A subgroup of 80 @entity1 was evaluated also 2 years after PVP. A 100-mm visual analogue scale of @entity158 was used for outcome measurement. RESULTS: Twelve hours after PVP, very significant relief of @entity158 was obtained in 85% of @entity1 ; on the 7th and 30th day a very good result of treatment was noted in 96%. The same result was noted in 92% of @entity1 at the 6th month, and in 90% of @entity1 at the 12th month. Among the 80 @entity1 followed for 2 years, 3 @entity1 reported recurrence of @entity158 and were subsequently diagnosed with new @entity3604 . CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive method of treatment for fresh @entity3604 , which provides a significant and sizeable reduction of @entity158 in the short as well as long term after surgery. Complete relief of @entity158 was noted 12 hours after PVP in 94% of @entity1 , and was noted in 90% two years after treatment. Despite some literature data suggesting no beneficial effect of PVP, it can be concluded that PVP is the most effective and the safest method for fresh vertebral compression @entity174 treatment.

title: Early and long-term outcomes of vertebroplasty for single XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: One of the greatest challenges faced by buccomaxillofacial prosthetists is to reproduce the @entity1 's exact skin color and provide adequate esthetics. To reach this objective, professionals must use materials with easy characterization and that maintain color over long periods of time. The objective of this study was, thus, to evaluate the color stability of two types of @entity1346 , Silastic 732 and Silastic @entity43032 . Twenty-four test specimens were made from each type of @entity1346 and were divided into a colorless group and groups intrinsically pigmented with ceramics, cosmetics or @entity1933 . The specimens were submitted to an accelerated system of aging for non-metallic materials. Readings were carried out initially and after periods corresponding to 163, 351, 692 and 1,000 hours of aging, using a reflection spectrophotometer analysis, and color alterations were calculated by the CIE L*a*b* system. The data were submitted to variance analysis and Tukey's test at a 5% level of probability. The results demonstrated that, irrespective of the period of time analyzed, all the materials underwent some type of chromatic alteration (DeltaE > 0). The test specimens made with Silastic 732 and @entity43032 , without @entity2118 , presented the lowest color alteration values after 1,000 hours of aging. Of the pigments, ceramic presented the lowest color alteration values and cosmetic powder presented the highest values. Thus, it may be concluded that the materials without the incorporation of pigments presented similar color alteration values, and did not differ statistically. The cosmetic powder used in this study was the pigment that most altered the color of the test specimens.

title: Color stability after accelerated aging of two XXXX , pigmented or not, for use in facial prostheses.

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone', 'silicones']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicones']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity302 surgery is effective in improving the quality of life (QOL) of @entity1 with intractable @entity410 using the Quality of Life in Childhood @entity302 Questionnaire (QOLCE). METHODS: The authors conducted a prospective study of the families of 35 @entity1 with intractable @entity302 who underwent @entity302 surgery. Parents completed the QOLCE preoperatively and again 6 to 18 months after surgery. At both assessment dates parents indicated the severity of their @entity1 's @entity410 during the past 6 months and the frequency of their @entity1 's @entity410 during the past 4 weeks on Likert-type scales. @entity1 were split into two groups according to surgery outcome: @entity410 free vs persistent @entity410 . Statistical analyses were conducted to determine if @entity1 rendered @entity410 free showed a greater improvement in QOL compared to those with persistent @entity410 postoperatively. RESULTS: Greater improvement in QOL was documented for @entity1 rendered @entity410 free vs @entity1 with persistent @entity410 . This was significant for the overall QOLCE QOL score and subscales assessing cognitive, social, emotional, behavioral, and physical domains of life. CONCLUSIONS: @entity302 surgery improves the quality of life of @entity1 rendered @entity410 free. Families can be counseled preoperatively of the potential benefits of surgery beyond @entity410 reduction.

title: The impact of XXXX surgery on quality of life in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity302 surgery is effective in improving the quality of life (QOL) of @entity1 with intractable @entity410 using the Quality of Life in Childhood @entity302 Questionnaire (QOLCE). METHODS: The authors conducted a prospective study of the families of 35 @entity1 with intractable @entity302 who underwent @entity302 surgery. Parents completed the QOLCE preoperatively and again 6 to 18 months after surgery. At both assessment dates parents indicated the severity of their @entity1 's @entity410 during the past 6 months and the frequency of their @entity1 's @entity410 during the past 4 weeks on Likert-type scales. @entity1 were split into two groups according to surgery outcome: @entity410 free vs persistent @entity410 . Statistical analyses were conducted to determine if @entity1 rendered @entity410 free showed a greater improvement in QOL compared to those with persistent @entity410 postoperatively. RESULTS: Greater improvement in QOL was documented for @entity1 rendered @entity410 free vs @entity1 with persistent @entity410 . This was significant for the overall QOLCE QOL score and subscales assessing cognitive, social, emotional, behavioral, and physical domains of life. CONCLUSIONS: @entity302 surgery improves the quality of life of @entity1 rendered @entity410 free. Families can be counseled preoperatively of the potential benefits of surgery beyond @entity410 reduction.

title: The impact of @entity302 surgery on quality of life in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: To investigate the safety and efficacy of endovascular therapy with combined intra-arterial and intravenous thrombolysis for severe @entity50 . Of the 28 consecutive @entity1 with @entity50 admitted to our hospital in recent 3 years, six @entity1 underwent combined intra-arterial and intravenous thrombolysis. For each @entity1 , local contact thrombolysis was performed with balloon catheter to break clot and urokinase infused for thrombolysis in sinus. At the same time, urokinase (100,000 IU/h) was infused intra-arterially via internal carotid artery to dissolve the venous thrombi. Neurologic outcomes, Glasgow @entity772 scale (GCS), neuroimaging results and modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) were recorded. Of the six treated @entity1 , two were males and four females. Their mean age was 38 +/- 13 (range from 22 to 57) years. Completely recanalization was observed in five @entity1 , whose clinical symptoms recovered completely (mRS score 0). One @entity1 in whom thrombolysis was delayed died the day after the procedure. Endovascular treatment with combined intra-arterial and intravenous thrombolysis may improve neurological outcomes of severe @entity50 .

title: Combined intraarterial and intravenous thrombolysis for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous sinus thrombosis']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['cerebral venous sinus thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to present characteristic CT and MR findings of calcified @entity1653 that correlate with pathological findings and to assess the efficacy of CT for the detection of @entity730 within a mass in comparison to MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1998 and 2009, 10 out of 11 @entity1 who had pathologically confirmed @entity1653 showed gross @entity730 on CT images and were included in this study. On CT scans of the 10 @entity1 , the distribution pattern, morphology and number of @entity730 within masses were evaluated. MRI was performed in seven @entity1 and signal intensities of masses were assessed. The pathological results analyzed semi-quantitatively were compared with the density or the size of @entity730 within a mass as seen on a CT scan. RESULTS: Seven of 10 masses were located at the thoracic spine level. Eight masses had intradural locations. The other two masses had extradural locations. Four masses were completely calcified based on standard radiographs and CT. Symptoms duration, the size of the mass and size or number of @entity730 within a mass had no correlation. The location, size, and distribution pattern of @entity730 within masses were variable. On MR images, signal intensity of calcified @entity5 varied on all imaging sequences. All the masses enhanced after injection of intravenous contrast material. CONCLUSION: A calcified @entity1653 should be first suggested when extradural or intradural masses located in the spine contain @entity730 regardless of the size or pattern as depicted on CT, especially in the presence of enhancement as seen on MR images.

title: CT and MRI findings of calcified XXXX : correlation with pathological findings.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['psammomatous meningiomas', 'meningioma', 'spinal meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['spinal meningiomas']


abstract: In @entity85 surgery, techniques and implants must be assessed for their safety and efficacy. Regulatory bodies, third-party payors, and @entity1 will increasingly scrutinize treatment methods based on the frequency of adverse events. We therefore developed a classification of adverse hardware-related events using plain radiographic criteria. We analyzed the adverse events in 466 @entity1 surgically treated for @entity1615 for a Type 1 (Lenke et al.) curve. We used plain radiographic films to define complications as either serious radiographic adverse events or radiographic adverse events in four technique groups: posterior spinal fusion with hooks and/or hybrid systems, posterior spinal fusion using mostly pedicle screws, open anterior spinal fusion, and thoracoscopic anterior spinal fusion. We defined serious radiographic adverse events as those requiring subsequent surgery. The minimum followup was 2 years. We found a reoperation rate ranging from 4.5% (open anterior spinal fusion) to 8.8% (posterior spinal fusion with hooks); we found no difference in the incidence of serious radiographic adverse events between surgical techniques. Among serious radiographic adverse events, the most common problems were revision for lumbar progression, rod breakage, and proximal screw pullout in the anterior spinal fusions and instrumentation removal for @entity158 and @entity281 in the posterior spinal fusions. We propose a new radiographic system of adverse hardware-related events for @entity1 with Type 1 @entity1615 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Radiographic classification of complications of instrumentation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that priming with @entity2898 would prevent @entity2003 and difficult ventilation due to @entity1937 administration. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 , American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I or II, were recruited into the study, and randomly allocated to one of four protocols (n = 25 each). @entity1937 was administered at 0.2 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in group A and at 0.7 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in groups B, C, and D. Priming with @entity3369 (0.02 mg.kg(-1)) or @entity2898 (0.06 mg.kg(-1)) was performed at the same time as the infusion of @entity1937 in groups C and D, respectively. Anesthesia was induced with 1 mg.kg(-1) @entity1875 2 min after the start of @entity1937 infusion. After the @entity1 had lost consciousness, the anesthesiologist performed mask ventilation, and watched for the presence of @entity2003 . Ventilation and @entity2003 were evaluated using a scoring system. RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity1 , 9 were excluded; the number of @entity1 in group A was 24, while groups B and D had 22 @entity1 each, and group C had 23 @entity1 . A lower dose of @entity1937 (group A) or priming with @entity3369 or @entity2898 (groups C, D) significantly reduced the incidence of some difficulty with ventilation (P = 0.0010, P = 0.0053, and P = 0.021, respectively, vs group B). Of the @entity1 in group B, 10 (45.5%) developed some difficulty with ventilation, and ventilation was impossible in 2 of them. On the other hand, 1 (4.1%) of the @entity1 in group A, 2 (8.7%) in group C, and 3 (13.6%) in group D developed some difficulty with ventilation. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that priming with @entity2898 or @entity3369 reduced the incidence of difficult ventilation by avoiding the @entity2003 caused by @entity1937 .

title: Priming with @entity2898 or @entity3369 prevents @entity1937 -mediated XXXX and difficult ventilation.

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['muscle rigidity', 'rigidity']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil', 'Remifentanil']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['muscle rigidity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that priming with @entity2898 would prevent @entity2003 and difficult ventilation due to @entity1937 administration. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 , American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I or II, were recruited into the study, and randomly allocated to one of four protocols (n = 25 each). @entity1937 was administered at 0.2 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in group A and at 0.7 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in groups B, C, and D. Priming with @entity3369 (0.02 mg.kg(-1)) or @entity2898 (0.06 mg.kg(-1)) was performed at the same time as the infusion of @entity1937 in groups C and D, respectively. Anesthesia was induced with 1 mg.kg(-1) @entity1875 2 min after the start of @entity1937 infusion. After the @entity1 had lost consciousness, the anesthesiologist performed mask ventilation, and watched for the presence of @entity2003 . Ventilation and @entity2003 were evaluated using a scoring system. RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity1 , 9 were excluded; the number of @entity1 in group A was 24, while groups B and D had 22 @entity1 each, and group C had 23 @entity1 . A lower dose of @entity1937 (group A) or priming with @entity3369 or @entity2898 (groups C, D) significantly reduced the incidence of some difficulty with ventilation (P = 0.0010, P = 0.0053, and P = 0.021, respectively, vs group B). Of the @entity1 in group B, 10 (45.5%) developed some difficulty with ventilation, and ventilation was impossible in 2 of them. On the other hand, 1 (4.1%) of the @entity1 in group A, 2 (8.7%) in group C, and 3 (13.6%) in group D developed some difficulty with ventilation. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that priming with @entity2898 or @entity3369 reduced the incidence of difficult ventilation by avoiding the @entity2003 caused by @entity1937 .

title: Priming with @entity2898 or XXXX prevents @entity1937 -mediated @entity2003 and difficult ventilation.

answer: @entity3369 :: (MESH:D014673,Chemical) :: ['vecuronium']