abstract: PURPOSE: Although rarely curative, chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for metastatic @entity5 . The role of surgery for metastatic disease is not well established for @entity5 , but is sometimes undertaken in the face of persistent or recurrent disease that can be surgically resected. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 31 @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 undergoing metastasectomy with the intent of rendering them free of disease. All gross disease was completely resected in 30 @entity1 (97%). The most frequently resected location was lung in 24 cases (77%), followed by distant lymph nodes in 4 (13%), brain in 2 (7%) and a subcutaneous @entity3 in 1 (3%). RESULTS: Median survival from diagnosis of @entity3 and from time of metastasectomy was 31 and 23 months, respectively. The 5-year survival from metastasectomy was 33%. Median time to progression following metastasectomy was 7 months. Five @entity1 were @entity66 for more than 3 years after metastasectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The results in this highly selected cohort, with 33% alive at 5 years after metastasectomy, suggest that resection of metastatic disease is feasible and may contribute to long-term disease control especially when integrated with chemotherapy. Further prospective studies should be undertaken to better characterize the selection criteria and benefit from this intervention.

title: Is there a role for surgery in the management of metastatic XXXX ? The M. D. Anderson experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['alive and free of disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urothelial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out Gleason grades, scores and to see the correlation of these morphological features with @entity5 markers in @entity263 . DESIGN: A descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted at the Departments of Histopathology and Chemical Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, over a period of one year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty cases of @entity263 were studied. Gleason grades and score of @entity5 were determined by doing @entity6175 and @entity1711 (HE) staining. Pre-operative serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and @entity1486 (PSA) assays were carried out in these cases. RESULTS: The @entity1 seen were between 50-102 years of age with an average of 70.9 years. There were 49 cases of @entity420 and 01 case of mixed adeno and transitional cell @entity263 . Twenty-eight (56%) @entity1 had Gleason score of 5-7. Twenty-nine (58%) @entity1 were having serum PSA levels between 10.0 ng/ml and 50.0 ng/ml. Thirteen (26%) cases showed PSA assays >50 ng/ml. The sensitivity of PSA test was 84 % in these cases. Thirty-five (70%) @entity1 were having PAP values >3.7 U/l (sensitivity 70 %). CONCLUSION: The Gleason grading system is a specific morphological predictor. The serum PSA showed better sensitivity and specificity with Gleason grades and scores as compared to serum @entity2786 . The serum PAP levels showed better correlation with morphological features as compared to serum PSA.

title: Morphological features correlation with serum @entity5 markers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of prostate', 'prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out Gleason grades, scores and to see the correlation of these morphological features with @entity5 markers in @entity263 . DESIGN: A descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted at the Departments of Histopathology and Chemical Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, over a period of one year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty cases of @entity263 were studied. Gleason grades and score of @entity5 were determined by doing @entity6175 and @entity1711 (HE) staining. Pre-operative serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and @entity1486 (PSA) assays were carried out in these cases. RESULTS: The @entity1 seen were between 50-102 years of age with an average of 70.9 years. There were 49 cases of @entity420 and 01 case of mixed adeno and transitional cell @entity263 . Twenty-eight (56%) @entity1 had Gleason score of 5-7. Twenty-nine (58%) @entity1 were having serum PSA levels between 10.0 ng/ml and 50.0 ng/ml. Thirteen (26%) cases showed PSA assays >50 ng/ml. The sensitivity of PSA test was 84 % in these cases. Thirty-five (70%) @entity1 were having PAP values >3.7 U/l (sensitivity 70 %). CONCLUSION: The Gleason grading system is a specific morphological predictor. The serum PSA showed better sensitivity and specificity with Gleason grades and scores as compared to serum @entity2786 . The serum PAP levels showed better correlation with morphological features as compared to serum PSA.

title: Morphological features correlation with serum XXXX markers in @entity263 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of longitudinal assessment of the results of a disease management process developed in a large integrated health care system that successfully improved care for @entity1 with @entity6 . Outcome measures included rates of testing of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), rate of annual eye exams, and LDL and HbA1c values. METHODS: Intermountain Health Care (IHC) initiated the development of a @entity6 Care Management System (DCMS) in early 1998. The DCMS was developed as a comprehensive population-based disease management system. It includes provider education programs; performance feedback to physicians; clinical quality performance incentives for physicians; @entity1 education programs; @entity1 incentive, reminder systems to encourage compliance with best care process models; and tracking of physician behavior change and @entity1 compliance with @entity6 therapy. A multifaceted intervention and education approach was chosen because of the complexity of the @entity6 treatment process. RESULTS: The percentage of @entity1 with at least one annual HbA1c test increased from 78.5% in 1998 to 90.5% in 2002. During the same time period, the percentage of @entity1 whose most recent HbA1c was less than 7.0 increased from 33.5% to 52.8%, average HbA1c decreased from 8.1 to 7.3, and the percentage of @entity1 whose most recent HbA1c was greater than 9.5 decreased from 34.6% to 21.4%. The percentage of @entity1 who had an LDL @entity165 screening test within the prior 2 years increased from 65.9% in 1998 to 91.7% in 2002. During the same time period, the percentage of @entity1 whose most recent LDL @entity165 was less than 130 mg/dL increased from 39.9% to 69.8%. The percentage of @entity6 @entity1 who had an annual eye exam increased from 52% in 1998 to 62% in 2002. CONCLUSION: A multifaceted approach to improving @entity6 management has led to improved performance in clinical measures related to @entity6 care that have been shown to reduce the risk of @entity1 with @entity6 developing @entity2412 . All components of the @entity6 management continuum of care, including primary care physicians, specialists, office staff, @entity1 , @entity6 educators, and others, were involved in the care improvement activities.

title: Longitudinal assessment of a XXXX care management system in an integrated health network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes- related complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Recent progress of imaging techniques has achieved precise descriptions of @entity751 associated with @entity1504 . @entity1188 of the left anterior cerebral artery brings about transcortical motor @entity2026 . Occlusion of each branches of the left middle cerebral artery produces characteristic language symptoms. Recently, cases with @entity1188 of the areas of prefrontal and precentral arteries were reported to manifest fluent @entity2026 indistinguishable from the classical @entity13523 . Rare cases with lesions restricted to the Broca's area (territory of the precentral artery) produces @entity2026 with normal fluency, word finding @entity51 . Classical non-fluent @entity5785 is caused by @entity1188 which at least involves the areas of precentral and central arteries. Aphemia or @entity14510 results from damages which involves territory of the central artery. Conduction @entity2026 is most often associated with lesions of the posterior parietal artery territory. As in the case of @entity5785 , @entity244 is a composite of conduction @entity2026 , pure @entity2319 , @entity13523 , and @entity5545 with @entity1055 . The lesion of @entity244 naturally involves the areas of all of these aphasic symptoms. @entity13523 is associated with lesions in the posteroinferior temporal region, and is often associated with watershed @entity1188 of the middle and posterior cerebral arteries. @entity2026 which results from @entity6658 has ambiguous manifestation, and is difficult to be classified into Wernicke-Lichtheim's model. Assessment of its fluency is notoriously difficult. Thalamic @entity2026 is similar to either @entity5547 . It was pointed out that classical @entity751 are still valid as @entity432 , but are insufficient for the purpose of more precise anatomo-clinical correlation.

title: [ XXXX and the language areas].

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ["Broca's aphasia"]

entities_list: @entity14510 :: ('MESH:D020237', 'Disease') :: ['pure word dumbness']

entities_list: @entity13523 :: ('MESH:D001041', 'Disease') :: ['transcortical sensory aphasia', 'Transcortical sensory aphasia']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['word deafness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty and deficit in sentence comprehension']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['aphasia', 'Aphasia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity5547 :: ('MESH:D000849', 'Disease') :: ['anomic aphasia or transcortical sensory aphasia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['aphasic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Wernicke's aphasia"]

entities_list: @entity6658 :: ('MESH:D020146', 'Disease') :: ['putaminal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arterial occlusion syndromes']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['Cerebrovascular disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peripapillary height measurements are possible using 2 different reference planes of the Heidelberg-Retina-Tomograph. It is not tested yet, whether the extent of @entity16 should be better quantified using reference plane 1 or 2. @entity1 AND METHODS: In 32 eyes of 32 @entity726 @entity1 with a defined up-down asymmetry of @entity227 is tested I.) if there is a significant correlation between peripapillary height and @entity227 comparing reference plane 1 and 2. II.) if there is a conformable up-down asymmetry of the peripapillary height using a new "retinal-asymmetry-difference" (RAD). III.) if conformity between peripapillary height and @entity227 depends on the distance from the disc margin. RESULTS: 1.) For an advanced @entity227 there was a significant correlation between @entity227 and peripapillary height using reference plane 1. II.) In eyes with a big up-down asymmetry of @entity227 there was a bigger conformity between the up-down asymmetry of @entity227 and the up-down asymmetry of peripapillary height (11 of 12 eyes), as for a small up-down asymmetry (12 of 20 eyes). III.) Conformity decreases with the distance from the disc margin. CONCLUSIONS: Peripapillary height should be examined using measurement circles near the disc margin. Because of its independence on the age and on different reference planes additional calculation of an up-down "retinal-asymmetry-difference" (RAD) seems to be useful. Using this up-down "retinal-asymmetry-difference" (RAD) a big up-down asymmetry of @entity227 , equivalent to an advanced @entity66 , is quantified with high sensitivity.

title: [Can the extent of XXXX be assessed by measuring the asymmetry of the peripapillary height profile between the upper and lower retinal half? A clinical study with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['glaucoma damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 causes @entity455 with manifestations in different organ systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether anterior chamber protein concentrations and @entity633 in @entity1 with @entity6 have any correlation. @entity1 AND METHODS: 23 @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 were examined in both eyes by the use of the laser flare-cell meter (LFCM). After clinical exclusion of urinary tract infection urine-samples were taken on the examination-day. @entity1 were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 13 @entity1 with @entity633 (8x microalbuminuria, 5x macroalbuminuria), group 2 comprised 10 controls with normal urine albumin concentrations. RESULTS: Both groups were identical according to age and gender. The flare values in the group with @entity633 were significantly elevated (10.7 +/- 7.1 counts/msec) in comparison to those of the control group (3.7 +/- 1.9 counts/msec)(p = 0.042). The duration of the @entity6 was as well significantly different in both groups (7.9 +/- 6.9 yrs. vs. 23.9 +/- 13.4 yrs.)(p = 0.02). A correlation was found between @entity633 and flare values (r = 0.67; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate a correlation between protein concentration in aqueous and @entity633 . In future flare measurements could possibly offer a non-invasive diagnosis of @entity2316 .

title: [Flare measurement and XXXX in type I diabetics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus type 1', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic hyperglycaemia']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: Recurrent @entity308 , @entity11385 , is characterized by the occurrence of @entity308 episodes in the absence of @entity162 and/or hypomania. In linkage studies, @entity11385 (or, in general, @entity308 ) are frequently grouped together with @entity162 into a broad @entity1316 . However, twin studies suggest that @entity11385 and @entity162 might have different @entity74 . The objective of this study was to test a set of families with @entity11385 for linkage to chromosomes that have been recently proposed to contain susceptibility loci for @entity162 : chromosomes 16, 18, 21 and the short arm of chromosome 4. We analysed five large families from the northern part of Sweden ascertained through a proband with @entity11385 and containing several @entity1 with @entity11385 . For the genetic analysis, we included only severely affected individuals (those who had at least three episodes that required medical treatment) to increase the chances of finding a larger degree of @entity74 . The genetic model led to a total disease prevalence of 5% in females and 3% in males. We did not find significant evidence for linkage to any of the candidate chromosomes in the combined family set. Only one of the families showed a slight indication for linkage with markers from the pericentromeric region of chromosome 18. A genome scan analysis on an extended collaborative family material with severely affected individuals with @entity11385 should be performed to evaluate whether @entity11385 and @entity162 have a different genetic etiology.

title: Linkage analysis of candidate loci in families with recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorders', 'mania', 'bipolar illnesses']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression', 'depressive', 'unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['definition of affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic determination', 'genetic determinants']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: The vanilloid receptor protein ( @entity5510 ) is a well-characterised integrator of noxious stimuli in peripheral sensory neurones. There is evidence for the presence of @entity5510 in the central nervous system, but little information as to its role there. In this study we have examined the actions of agonists for @entity5510 receptors in the @entity35 locus coeruleus (LC), using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from acutely isolated neurones and neurones in slices. Superfusion with @entity2951 resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of isolated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in LC neurones. The mean amplitude of the mEPSCs was not affected by @entity2951 . The effects of @entity2951 (1 microM) were abolished by the @entity5510 receptor antagonists @entity4413 (10 microM) and iodoresiniferatoxin (300 nM). Removal of extracellular @entity141 abolished the @entity2951 -induced increase in frequency of mEPSCs. @entity2951 superfusion had no consistent effects on evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents. @entity2951 superfusion also resulted in the release of an adrenoceptor agonist in the LC but did not affect the membrane currents of acutely isolated LC neurones. These data demonstrate that the @entity5510 receptor appears to be located presynaptically on afferents to the LC, and that activation of @entity5510 may serve to potentiate the release of @entity2227 and @entity1425 / @entity1063 in this brain region.

title: XXXX activation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the @entity35 locus coeruleus in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity4413 :: ('MESH:C071423', 'Chemical') :: ['capsazepine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['Capsaicin']


abstract: The vanilloid receptor protein ( @entity5510 ) is a well-characterised integrator of noxious stimuli in peripheral sensory neurones. There is evidence for the presence of @entity5510 in the central nervous system, but little information as to its role there. In this study we have examined the actions of agonists for @entity5510 receptors in the @entity35 locus coeruleus (LC), using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from acutely isolated neurones and neurones in slices. Superfusion with @entity2951 resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of isolated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in LC neurones. The mean amplitude of the mEPSCs was not affected by @entity2951 . The effects of @entity2951 (1 microM) were abolished by the @entity5510 receptor antagonists @entity4413 (10 microM) and iodoresiniferatoxin (300 nM). Removal of extracellular @entity141 abolished the @entity2951 -induced increase in frequency of mEPSCs. @entity2951 superfusion had no consistent effects on evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents. @entity2951 superfusion also resulted in the release of an adrenoceptor agonist in the LC but did not affect the membrane currents of acutely isolated LC neurones. These data demonstrate that the @entity5510 receptor appears to be located presynaptically on afferents to the LC, and that activation of @entity5510 may serve to potentiate the release of @entity2227 and @entity1425 / @entity1063 in this brain region.

title: @entity2951 activation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the XXXX locus coeruleus in vitro.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the status of the @entity2339 in @entity1 who had @entity7135 and were admitted to 2 regional pediatric intensive care units. METHODS: Sixty-five @entity1 (34 @entity1 ; median age: 2.5 years; range: 0.2-15 years) had @entity701 and @entity4545 (ACTH) levels measured on admission, then at 8 AM and 8 PM during the next 48 hours. At 48 hours, a low-dose short Synacthen test (LDST) (500 ng of 1-24 corticotropin/m2) was performed in 42 @entity1 (19 @entity1 ). Normal ranges for 8 AM @entity701 and ACTH levels in unstressed @entity1 were 140 to 500 nmol/L and 2 to 11.3 pmol/L, respectively. @entity1887 ( @entity1887 ) was defined as a peak @entity701 <500 nmol/L on the LDST or an 8 AM @entity701 value <140 nmol/L. RESULTS: Five (7.7%) of the 65 @entity1 died, including 1 with primary @entity1887 . @entity701 levels were elevated on admission (median: 1122 mmol/L; range: 65-2110 nmol/L) with 81% of values more than the 8 AM normal range. The median ACTH level on admission was within the 8 AM normal range, but 40% of values were more than the 8 AM normal range. However, 7% and 8% of @entity701 and ACTH values, respectively, were less than the normal range. Both @entity701 and ACTH levels fell thereafter and showed no diurnal variation during the 48-hour profile. Six (14%) of the 42 failed the LDST. These @entity1 had significantly lower mean 8 AM @entity701 values than those with a normal peak value on the LDST. Five additional @entity1 who did not have the LDST had 8 AM @entity701 values <140 nmol/L. In the diagnosis of @entity1887 , the sensitivity of the 8 AM mean @entity701 value at a cutoff of 400 nmol/L, judged against the LDST, was 83%; the specificity was 81%. CONCLUSIONS: During the initial phase of @entity7135 , raised @entity701 and ACTH levels indicate an appropriate stress response within the @entity2339 . However, a substantial subpopulation (11 [16.9%] of 65) has evidence of @entity409 during this period. Morning @entity701 values in the initial phase of @entity7135 could be used as a potential early index of @entity1887 .

title: Assessment of adrenal function in the initial phase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal insufficiency', 'AI']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal disease']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['meningococcal disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the clinical, neurophysiologic, and radiological data of @entity1 with @entity7667 who had undergone evaluation and surgery in our @entity302 Program. METHODS: The medical and neurophysiologic records of 38 @entity1 with @entity302 and @entity7667 were reviewed. Data underwent statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were 28 temporal and 10 extratemporal resections, with a mean age at @entity410 onset of 10.5 years and mean age at surgery of 22 years. @entity5 resections performed earlier were recorded. Twenty-nine @entity1 had auras and 20 had secondarily generalized @entity410 . All 28 @entity1 with temporal @entity5 had complex partial @entity410 . Preoperative MRI demonstrated the @entity5 in 36 of 36 @entity1 : 17 of 29 demonstrated @entity2287 enhancement, and 17 of 36 had mass effect. Scalp interictal sharp waves were present in 32 @entity1 , and in 15 they were multiregional. In two @entity1 , scalp EEG @entity410 onset was from the hemisphere contralateral to the @entity5 . Postoperatively, 79% of @entity1 (30 of 38) were @entity410 -free (Engel's class I) at 6 months, 72% at 1 year (26 of 36), and 63% at 2 years (20 of 32). Excellent outcome was associated with a lower age at operation (p = 0.008), shorter duration of @entity302 (p = <0.01), absence of generalized @entity410 (p = <0.01), and no @entity302 on a postoperative EEG (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Good surgical outcome is expected in @entity1 with @entity7667 despite years of medically resistant @entity410 . Good outcome may be achieved despite EEG findings that may conflict with @entity5 location, and is more likely when surgery is performed relatively soon after @entity302 onset.

title: XXXX and @entity302 : clinical and neurophysiologic features and predictors of outcome after surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Five tumor']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'intractable epilepsy', 'Epilepsy', 'epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglioma']

answer: @entity7667 :: (MESH:D018303,Disease) :: ['Ganglioglioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the clinical, neurophysiologic, and radiological data of @entity1 with @entity7667 who had undergone evaluation and surgery in our @entity302 Program. METHODS: The medical and neurophysiologic records of 38 @entity1 with @entity302 and @entity7667 were reviewed. Data underwent statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were 28 temporal and 10 extratemporal resections, with a mean age at @entity410 onset of 10.5 years and mean age at surgery of 22 years. @entity5 resections performed earlier were recorded. Twenty-nine @entity1 had auras and 20 had secondarily generalized @entity410 . All 28 @entity1 with temporal @entity5 had complex partial @entity410 . Preoperative MRI demonstrated the @entity5 in 36 of 36 @entity1 : 17 of 29 demonstrated @entity2287 enhancement, and 17 of 36 had mass effect. Scalp interictal sharp waves were present in 32 @entity1 , and in 15 they were multiregional. In two @entity1 , scalp EEG @entity410 onset was from the hemisphere contralateral to the @entity5 . Postoperatively, 79% of @entity1 (30 of 38) were @entity410 -free (Engel's class I) at 6 months, 72% at 1 year (26 of 36), and 63% at 2 years (20 of 32). Excellent outcome was associated with a lower age at operation (p = 0.008), shorter duration of @entity302 (p = <0.01), absence of generalized @entity410 (p = <0.01), and no @entity302 on a postoperative EEG (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Good surgical outcome is expected in @entity1 with @entity7667 despite years of medically resistant @entity410 . Good outcome may be achieved despite EEG findings that may conflict with @entity5 location, and is more likely when surgery is performed relatively soon after @entity302 onset.

title: @entity7667 and XXXX : clinical and neurophysiologic features and predictors of outcome after surgery.

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['intractable epilepsy']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1 with peripheral @entity432 require treatment to prevent major cardiovascular events and to relieve @entity613 . The walking performance of peripheral @entity432 @entity1 was used to evaluate the usefulness of @entity40204 , a glycosaminoglycan containing fast moving heparin and dermatan @entity597 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A randomized, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed in 286 @entity1 with Leriche-Fontaine stage II peripheral @entity432 . @entity1 received placebo (n=143) or @entity40204 (n=143) for 27 weeks. The primary end-point was the doubling of the @entity158 -free walking distance at the end of treatment, and this was achieved by 23.8% of @entity1 treated with @entity40204 and 9.1% of those on placebo (P=0.001). The @entity158 -free walking distance increased on average (+/-SE) by 83.2+/-8.6 m (+64.7% from baseline) with @entity40204 and 36.7+/-6.2 m (+29.9% from baseline) with placebo (P=0.001). The maximum walking distance increased by 142.3+/-15.8 m (+76.0% from baseline) and 54.5+/-8.4 m (+27.9% from baseline) (P<0.001), respectively. Results for @entity1 with @entity2175 were similar to those for non- @entity6 @entity1 . Plasma @entity2002 decreased with @entity40204 , but increased with placebo. CONCLUSION: @entity40204 improved the walking ability of peripheral @entity432 @entity1 to a significantly greater extent than placebo, with a concurrent significant decrease in @entity2002 . The treatment was well tolerated.

title: @entity40204 in the treatment of XXXX . Results of a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity40204 :: ('MESH:C007858', 'Chemical') :: ['sulodexide', 'Sulodexide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial obstructive disease']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['intermittent claudication']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1 with peripheral @entity432 require treatment to prevent major cardiovascular events and to relieve @entity613 . The walking performance of peripheral @entity432 @entity1 was used to evaluate the usefulness of @entity40204 , a glycosaminoglycan containing fast moving heparin and dermatan @entity597 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A randomized, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed in 286 @entity1 with Leriche-Fontaine stage II peripheral @entity432 . @entity1 received placebo (n=143) or @entity40204 (n=143) for 27 weeks. The primary end-point was the doubling of the @entity158 -free walking distance at the end of treatment, and this was achieved by 23.8% of @entity1 treated with @entity40204 and 9.1% of those on placebo (P=0.001). The @entity158 -free walking distance increased on average (+/-SE) by 83.2+/-8.6 m (+64.7% from baseline) with @entity40204 and 36.7+/-6.2 m (+29.9% from baseline) with placebo (P=0.001). The maximum walking distance increased by 142.3+/-15.8 m (+76.0% from baseline) and 54.5+/-8.4 m (+27.9% from baseline) (P<0.001), respectively. Results for @entity1 with @entity2175 were similar to those for non- @entity6 @entity1 . Plasma @entity2002 decreased with @entity40204 , but increased with placebo. CONCLUSION: @entity40204 improved the walking ability of peripheral @entity432 @entity1 to a significantly greater extent than placebo, with a concurrent significant decrease in @entity2002 . The treatment was well tolerated.

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity613 . Results of a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity40204 :: (MESH:C007858,Chemical) :: ['Sulodexide']


abstract: This is believed to be the first report on estimating @entity393 in @entity12751 , based on the correlation between ABR and temporal bone pathology. ABR findings revealed @entity393 to be about 70 dB or more as result of peripheral @entity73 . A histological study of the temporal bones revealed almost all pathological findings in the conductive system, except for the @entity5072 arachnoid in the internal auditory canal. In the @entity2172 , @entity2346 media, residual mesenchyme and deformity of ossicles were found. We explain the conductive component to be due to @entity2346 media and poor ossicular connection. However, the etiology of the sensorineural component remains speculative. In @entity12751 , @entity393 with @entity1032 is often found at infantile age. Therefore, assessing the extent of @entity393 exactly was difficult, for example, the severity. the etiology and incidence of @entity73 . We emphasize the need for not only well-described pathological studies but also for more objective functional investigations, at least ABR.

title: ABR and temporal bone pathology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear cavity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural impairment', 'mixed impairment']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity12751 :: ('MESH:D008059', 'Disease') :: ["Hurler's disease"]

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity12751 :: (MESH:D008059,Disease) :: ['Hurler's disease']


abstract: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has been performed infrequently for @entity4294 of the pancreas because of the perceived perioperative morbidity and the relatively protracted natural history of those @entity5 . To determine whether the improved safety of PD affects long-term outcome of @entity1 with @entity4294 , we reviewed our experience. All consecutive @entity1 who underwent PD or total pancreatectomy for @entity4294 between 1980 and 1995 were analyzed. Diagnoses were based on histologic findings and endocrine (biochemical) manifestations of the @entity5 . @entity1 were followed by outpatient clinic visits and mail correspondence. Clinical and pathologic factors were analyzed for prognostic risk. Survival and recurrence curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used for comparison (p <0.05 was significant). We identified 29 @entity1 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria with an even distribution by gender (14M:15F). Mean age of @entity1 was 56 years (SD +/- 14 years); mean @entity5 size was 4.4 cm (SD +/- 2.6 cm). Most @entity5 were nonfunctioning (n = 20); there were 4 @entity26290 , @entity9608 , and 2 @entity7581 . Operating time was 316 minutes (SD +/- 75 minutes), median transfusion requirement was 0 units (mean 1.5 units). Standard Whipple resection was performed in 20 @entity1 ; the pylorus-preserving Whipple procedure, in 7; and total pancreatectomy, in 2. Regional lymph nodes were involved by @entity5 in 16 @entity1 . The complication rate was 31%, and operative mortality was 10% (n = 3). Length of hospital stay was 17 days (SD +/- 8.8 days). Overall survival was 81% and 70% at 5 and 10 years. Recurrence-free survival was 76% at 5 and 10 years. There was a trend toward greater recurrence-free survival for node-negative @entity1 (88% vs 65% at 5 years, p = 0.13), and overall survival was greater for node-negative @entity1 (100% vs 67% at 5 years, p = 0.04). Mean follow-up was 8.8 years. PD is an appropriate strategy for selected @entity14380 , which offers extended survival with a low recurrence rate and control of endocrine symptoms.

title: Pancreaticoduodenectomy for XXXX of the head of the pancreas: long-term survival analysis.

entities_list: @entity14380 :: ('MESH:D018273', 'Disease') :: ['malignant islet cell tumors of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity4294 :: ('MESH:D007516', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['3 insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity26290 :: ('MESH:D013005', 'Disease') :: ['somatostatinomas']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinomas']

answer: @entity4294 :: (MESH:D007516,Disease) :: ['islet cell tumors']


abstract: Agglutination and rosette formation are in vitro characteristics of @entity3964 -infected erythrocytes, which have been associated with host protective immune responses and also with parasite virulence. The present study was carried out in an area of seasonal and unstable @entity311 transmission in eastern Sudan. Plasma samples were obtained before, during, and after the transmission season from a volunteer cohort of 64 individuals seven years of age and older. These plasmas were assayed for their ability to agglutinate cultured parasitized erythrocytes originally obtained from @entity15527 samples taken from five of the cohort members. Our data show that the capacity of donor plasma samples to agglutinate parasitized cells depended largely on the time of sampling relative to the transmission season, at least within this epidemiologic setting. Thus, although less than half of the pretransmission season samples could agglutinate any of the five lines of cultured parasites, all post-transmission season samples could agglutinate at least one of the parasite lines, with 74% agglutinating two or more lines. This increase in the agglutination capacity of individual plasma samples after the transmission season occurred essentially regardless of whether an individual had experienced a clinical @entity311 attack during the transmission season. The study thus confirms the acquisition of agglutinating antibodies following episodes of clinical @entity311 , but also demonstrates that such acquisition can take place in the @entity66 , presumably as a consequence of subclinical @entity281 . This is the first demonstration of marked seasonal fluctuations in the capacity of individuals' sera to agglutinate parasitized red blood cells. Possible explanations for this effect include a decrease in the levels of agglutinating antibodies between seasons, or shifts in the antigens being recognized by such antibodies from one transmission season to the next. Finally, we showed the existence of marked seasonal fluctuation in the levels of agglutinating antibodies, either because levels of such antibodies are not sustained between seasons or because the antigens recognized change from one season to the next.

title: Seasonal variation in agglutination of XXXX -infected erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity15527 :: ('MESH:C531736', 'Disease') :: ['acute malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['absence of disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: Skin tests represent a major tool in the diagnosis of IgE mediated- @entity566 . The main indication is the measure of atopy during infancy and early childhood, as a predictive factor of the development of @entity565 . When @entity483 is present, skin testing can provide a diagnosis of @entity5419 . Skin tests are easily done, without absolute contraindications. The epidemiological knowledge helps to choose the allergens to test. The skin-prick test method is well standardized and must be rigorous because of the hyporeactivity of the @entity1 skin. Results are always confounded with positive and negative control solutions. The interpretation of pricks tests must be careful, standing out a clinical @entity566 (when clinical allergic symptoms are presents) from a sensitization (atopy). The predictive value of a positive skin test is discussed: predisposition to @entity565 , association with severe @entity565 , predisposition to acute @entity5924 during an @entity1576 . A positive skin test to food allergen would predict a later pneumallergen sensitization.

title: [Allergen skin tests. Asthmatic XXXX and young @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic of respiratory virus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Skin tests represent a major tool in the diagnosis of IgE mediated- @entity566 . The main indication is the measure of atopy during infancy and early childhood, as a predictive factor of the development of @entity565 . When @entity483 is present, skin testing can provide a diagnosis of @entity5419 . Skin tests are easily done, without absolute contraindications. The epidemiological knowledge helps to choose the allergens to test. The skin-prick test method is well standardized and must be rigorous because of the hyporeactivity of the @entity1 skin. Results are always confounded with positive and negative control solutions. The interpretation of pricks tests must be careful, standing out a clinical @entity566 (when clinical allergic symptoms are presents) from a sensitization (atopy). The predictive value of a positive skin test is discussed: predisposition to @entity565 , association with severe @entity565 , predisposition to acute @entity5924 during an @entity1576 . A positive skin test to food allergen would predict a later pneumallergen sensitization.

title: [Allergen skin tests. Asthmatic @entity1 and young XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity461 is an early diverging eukaryote which causes @entity344 throughout the world. Different subgroups of Giardia have been defined based on several biochemical and genetic criteria. We have developed a method for stably introducing DNA into the nuclei of the parasite using @entity5808 acetyltransferase (pac) as a dominant selectable marker. Transfected circular DNAs were maintained as episomes in the isolate WB, a representative of one Giardia subgroup. When input DNAs were linearized, integration was observed to occur by homologous recombination producing gene replacements in this isolate. In isolate @entity1412 , which represents a different subgroup, both linear and circular transfected DNAs were integrated into the genome by homologous recombination. In @entity1412 , linear DNA again produced gene replacements, while circular DNA produced duplicative integration events. The failure of @entity1412 to replicate episomes may reflect differences in the structure or recognition of DNA replication origins between these subgroups. A plasmid shuttle vector was also developed for expression of other genes in @entity461 . Utilizing the green fluorescent protein as a reporter gene in the WB isolate, we show that gene expression from this vector correlated with plasmid copy number over a range of two orders of magnitude. Together these tools should greatly enhance our ability to study both the basic biology and the pathogenesis of this ubiquitous parasite.

title: Episomal and integrated maintenance of foreign DNA in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Species) :: ['Giardia lamblia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous estimates of incidence of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) requiring renal replacement therapy have varied from 18 to 75 @entity1 per million per year, but have been beset by problems of definition. AIM: To investigate whether the '90-day rule' provides a more reliable, reproducible and robust estimate of the need for short-term dialysis. SETTING: District general hospital serving a population of 147 000. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: @entity1 who received renal replacement therapy in Dumfries and Galloway between 01/01/94 and 31/12/2000 were divided into two groups: long-term dialysis (> or =90 days) and short-term dialysis (<90 days). RESULTS: Of 302 @entity1 , 193 received short-term dialysis, giving an incidence for short-term dialysis of 187 @entity1 episodes per million per year (95%CI 170-203). Use of a more conventional definition for @entity810 (including all @entity810 and @entity810 , but excluding @entity1 with @entity177 who present acutely) produced a similar estimate at 176 @entity1 per million per year (95%CI 160-193). DISCUSSION: The 90-day rule estimated the incidence of short-term dialysis/ @entity810 at nearly twice the incidence of @entity177 requiring dialysis, and more than twice the most recent estimate of the incidence of @entity810 in the UK. The main attraction of the 90-day rule is its simplicity. If the high level of short-term dialysis/ @entity810 found in our study is confirmed by other centres, there are significant resource implications for the provision of renal care.

title: High incidence of XXXX requiring short-term dialysis: a prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute-on-chronic renal failure', 'ARF', 'acute renal failure']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is a process of @entity32 that may be worsened by the activation of neutrophils during acute exacerbations. OBJECTIVE: We investigated our hypothesis that changes in cellular activation may be detectable in peripheral blood (PB) during late-phase @entity565 and during clinical exacerbations. METHODS: Twenty-one stable @entity748 (9 on treatment with @entity2263 -agonists only, 12 using inhaled corticosteroids) and 10 nonasthmatic volunteers were first compared using flow cytometry to measure @entity2263 -integrin ( @entity9536 / @entity1454 ) expression. Production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) was evaluated employing chemiluminescence. Next, 8 mild @entity748 were assessed using similar methods before and after allergen-induced late asthmatic reactions (LARs). Finally, 4 asthmatic subjects were evaluated over 3 months, and symptoms, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and ROS production were measured. Episodes of @entity1576 (exacerbations) were identified and their association with ROS production was examined. RESULTS: No differences were detected in adhesion molecule expression and ROS production comparing the normal and asthmatic groups. However, after development of the LAR, significant reductions in @entity9536 neutrophil expression (mean fluorescence intensity; MFI) were observed [before: 994 +/- 102 MFI (mean +/- SEM) versus after: 424 +/- 81 MFI; p < 0.01]. Furthermore, strong associations were found between decreases in @entity9536 and the severity of the LAR (r = 0.9; p < 0.02). In the clinical study, ROS production was significantly lower during exacerbations (median 43%; p < 0.05). Again, this measurement was significantly associated with reductions in PEF (r = 0.5, p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with mild stable @entity565 , no differences in the activation of circulating neutrophils were detectable compared to nonasthmatic individuals. During episodes of @entity1224 , in the laboratory and in clinical disease, neutrophil activation decreased in PB, conceivably because activated cells may be preferentially sequestered in the lung.

title: Reduced activation of peripheral blood neutrophils after late-phase asthmatic responses but not in mild stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory morbidity']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic airway obstruction']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malignant pleural effusions can cause severe debilitating symptoms and impair the quality of life. Treatment is often palliative, usually consisting of sequential thoracenteses or tube thoracostomy with or without sclerotherapy. Large-bore thoracostomy tubes have traditionally been used for drainage and sclerotherapy. More recently, the use of small-bore catheters has been studied. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of small-bore catheter (Pleuracan) thoracostomy combined with talc sclerotherapy for palliative treatment of @entity3483 . METHODS: Between May 1998 and March 2000, 24 consecutive @entity1 presenting at our inpatient clinic were studied. Follow-up radiography at the end of the 1st month (immediate response) and 3rd month (long-term follow-up) after talc pleurodesis was performed to assess the response rates. RESULTS: Of the 24 @entity1 included, 2 @entity1 did not show lung expansion after pleural drainage. Two @entity1 died within 30 days after talc pleurodesis and 1 did not undergo 30-day postpleurodesis radiography. The remaining 19 @entity1 made up the study group to assess the response rates (8 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ). Overall response rates of talc pleurodesis via small-bore catheter were found to be 84.2% [complete response (CR): 68.4%, partial response (PR): 15.8%] at 30-day and 78.6% (CR: 57.2%, PR:2 1.4%) at 90-day follow-up, respectively. One @entity1 reported moderate @entity158 during catheter placement. Four @entity1 experienced mild to moderate @entity662 , @entity1353 , or both within 4 h after instillation. Seven of the 22 @entity1 (31.8%) had a transient @entity221 (< or =39.0 degrees C) 6-24 h after talc instillation that lasted less than 24 h and was successfully treated with @entity1443 . One @entity1 had significant @entity9285 that resolved in 24 h. Four @entity1 died because of @entity5 progress (2 @entity1 in the 1st month and 2 @entity1 between 30 and 90 days). CONCLUSION: Pleurodesis can successfully be performed via a small-bore catheter in @entity1 with recurrent @entity3483 . To validate the results of the study, a prospective randomized study, comparing this device (Pleuracan) and a 'standard' 16- to 24-french chest drain, should be performed.

title: The value of small-bore catheter thoracostomy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritic chest pain']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusions', 'malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusions']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the endovascular treatment of @entity438 and @entity2849 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1 (mean age 59 years, range 47-75 years) with @entity438 (n = 10) or false @entity439 (n = 2) were treated. The lesion was asymptomatic in 11 @entity1 ; @entity7252 was observed in one @entity1 . The lesion was juxta-ostial in one case, located on the intermediate segment of the splenic artery in four, near the splenic hilus in six, and affected the whole length of the artery in one @entity1 . In 10 cases, the maximum lesion diameter was greater than 2 cm; in one case 30% growth of an @entity439 18 mm in diameter had occurred in 6 months; in the last case, two distal @entity439 were associated (17 and 18 mm in diameter). In one case, stent-grafting was attempted; one detachable balloon occlusion was performed; the 10 other @entity1 were treated with coils. RESULTS: Endovascular treatment was possible in 11 @entity1 (92%) (one failure: stenting attempt). In four cases among 11, the initial treatment was not successful (residual perfusion of @entity439 ); surgical treatment was carried out in one case, and a second embolization in two. Thus in nine cases (75%) endovascular treatment was successful: complete and persistent exclusion of the @entity439 but with spleen perfusion persisting at the end of follow-up on CT scans (mean 13 months). An early and transient elevation of pancreatic enzymes was observed in four cases. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound and CT have made the diagnosis of @entity438 or false @entity439 more frequent. Endovascular treatment, the morbidity of which is low, is effective and spares the spleen.

title: @entity438 and XXXX with endovascular treatment in 12 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery aneurysms', 'splenic artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['false aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['hemobilia']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['false aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the endovascular treatment of @entity438 and @entity2849 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1 (mean age 59 years, range 47-75 years) with @entity438 (n = 10) or false @entity439 (n = 2) were treated. The lesion was asymptomatic in 11 @entity1 ; @entity7252 was observed in one @entity1 . The lesion was juxta-ostial in one case, located on the intermediate segment of the splenic artery in four, near the splenic hilus in six, and affected the whole length of the artery in one @entity1 . In 10 cases, the maximum lesion diameter was greater than 2 cm; in one case 30% growth of an @entity439 18 mm in diameter had occurred in 6 months; in the last case, two distal @entity439 were associated (17 and 18 mm in diameter). In one case, stent-grafting was attempted; one detachable balloon occlusion was performed; the 10 other @entity1 were treated with coils. RESULTS: Endovascular treatment was possible in 11 @entity1 (92%) (one failure: stenting attempt). In four cases among 11, the initial treatment was not successful (residual perfusion of @entity439 ); surgical treatment was carried out in one case, and a second embolization in two. Thus in nine cases (75%) endovascular treatment was successful: complete and persistent exclusion of the @entity439 but with spleen perfusion persisting at the end of follow-up on CT scans (mean 13 months). An early and transient elevation of pancreatic enzymes was observed in four cases. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound and CT have made the diagnosis of @entity438 or false @entity439 more frequent. Endovascular treatment, the morbidity of which is low, is effective and spares the spleen.

title: XXXX and @entity2849 with endovascular treatment in 12 @entity1 .

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Management of splenic artery aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the endovascular treatment of @entity438 and @entity2849 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1 (mean age 59 years, range 47-75 years) with @entity438 (n = 10) or false @entity439 (n = 2) were treated. The lesion was asymptomatic in 11 @entity1 ; @entity7252 was observed in one @entity1 . The lesion was juxta-ostial in one case, located on the intermediate segment of the splenic artery in four, near the splenic hilus in six, and affected the whole length of the artery in one @entity1 . In 10 cases, the maximum lesion diameter was greater than 2 cm; in one case 30% growth of an @entity439 18 mm in diameter had occurred in 6 months; in the last case, two distal @entity439 were associated (17 and 18 mm in diameter). In one case, stent-grafting was attempted; one detachable balloon occlusion was performed; the 10 other @entity1 were treated with coils. RESULTS: Endovascular treatment was possible in 11 @entity1 (92%) (one failure: stenting attempt). In four cases among 11, the initial treatment was not successful (residual perfusion of @entity439 ); surgical treatment was carried out in one case, and a second embolization in two. Thus in nine cases (75%) endovascular treatment was successful: complete and persistent exclusion of the @entity439 but with spleen perfusion persisting at the end of follow-up on CT scans (mean 13 months). An early and transient elevation of pancreatic enzymes was observed in four cases. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound and CT have made the diagnosis of @entity438 or false @entity439 more frequent. Endovascular treatment, the morbidity of which is low, is effective and spares the spleen.

title: @entity438 and @entity2849 with endovascular treatment in 12 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study reviewed the local recurrence rate in @entity1 who had undergone total mesorectal excision and double-stapling low anterior resection for mid and @entity5 . It also aimed to identify risk factors for local recurrence through univariate and multivariate analyses. Consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 within 12 cm of the anal verge treated with total mesorectal excision and double-stapling low anterior resection from August 1993 to December 2000 were studied. The demographic data, operative details, @entity5 characteristics, and follow-up data were collected prospectively. Factors that might affect the local recurrence rate were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 270 @entity1 were included in the study (156 @entity1 , 114 @entity1 ). The mean +/- SD age was 64.83 +/- 11.27 years. The mean +/- SD level of the @entity5 was 7.17 +/- 1.90 cm. All anastomoses were performed within 5 cm of the anal verge. During the mean follow-up of 35.5 months, 12 @entity1 developed local recurrence. The 5-year actuarial local recurrence rate was 7.3%. The presence of @entity3 and the resection margin of < or = 1 cm were found to be risk factors for local recurrence in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of @entity3 was the only independent factor for local recurrence. In the group of @entity1 with @entity3 , proximal @entity5 (6-12 cm from the anal verge) were shown to have a significantly lower local recurrence than those within 6.1 cm from the anal verge (4.2% vs. 37.8%; p <0.001). Low anterior resection performed with double stapling and total mesorectal excision achieved a local recurrence rate of 7.3%. The presence of @entity3 was the only independent risk factor for local recurrence. A high local recurrence rate was associated with @entity5 (? 6 cm from the anal verge) with @entity3 . Adjuvant therapy for local control should be considered for this subgroup of @entity1 .

title: Local recurrence following total mesorectal excision with double-stapling anastomosis for XXXX : analysis of risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'distal cancers', 'distal rectal cancers', 'rectal cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancers']


abstract: A study of the objective evaluation of voice was made of 100 voices of healthy adults and 60 with disphonia (nodules and @entity1127 ). A laryngostroboscopy and an acoustic analysis was made to everyone. A sustained vowel "a" was carried out and digitalized with Dr. Speech Science software. These parameters were estimated: fundamental frequency (Fo, according to gender), Jitter, Shimmer and glottic noise (NNE, HNR, SNR). In the healthy group Fo was 139.72 in @entity1 and 267.33 in @entity1 , jitter 0.24 and shimmer 2.10. In disphonic @entity1 (nodules) Fo was 126.96 in @entity1 and 240.72 in @entity1 , jitter 0.35 and shimmer 3.25. In disphonic @entity1 ( @entity1127 ) Fo was 119.75 in @entity1 and 218.26 in @entity1 , jitter 0.50 and shimmer 4.34. These difference were statistically significant. Glottic Noise in healthy group was: NNE -13.62, HNR 24.07 and SNR 24.49; in disphonic @entity1 (nodules) was: NNE -10.65, HNR 25.21 and SNR 25.55; in disphonic @entity1 ( @entity1127 ) was: NNE -8.24, HNR 29.63 and SNR 28.22. Only the difference in the NNE was statistically significant. We highlight the importance of objective evaluation of @entity1740 .

title: [Objective study of the voice in a normal population and in dysphonia caused by nodules and vocal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice disorders']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity174 are known to be associated with elevated compartment pressures, which may potentially result in a @entity2054 . The Tibial Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS PLT) is an internal fixator device that is designed for fixation of proximal tibia @entity174 . The technique includes submuscular placement of the implant along the lateral border of the tibia. Such placement of the Tibia LISS into the anterior leg compartment could increase compartment pressures, and therefore increase the risk of @entity2054 . The objective of this prospective study is to determine whether submuscular placement of a tibia LISS fixator increases compartment pressures and what is the incidence of @entity2054 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive proximal tibia @entity174 were fixed using the Tibia LISS (LISS PLT). Compartment pressures in all four leg compartments were measured pre- and postoperatively. Diastolic pressures were recorded and perfusion pressures calculated. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between pre- and postoperative compartment pressures. One @entity1 out of twenty-eight developed an impending @entity2054 after placement of the LISS implant. CONCLUSIONS: Submuscular fixation of the tibia with the Less Invasive Stabilization System does not cause a significant rise in leg compartment pressures, nor is it associated with an increased incidence of @entity2054 .

title: Compartment pressures after submuscular fixation of proximal tibia XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Tibial fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: One of the most important prognostic features of @entity320 is the involvement of regional lymph nodes. @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is increasingly used to stage @entity320 in order to avoid lymph node dissection in @entity1 who clinically have no lymph node involvement. We present a prospective study of 27 @entity1 who underwent @entity1600 from November 1999. Lymphoscintigraphy was done on the day of surgery, and @entity1600 guided by blue dye and/or gamma probe performed. A sentinel node was identified in all 27 @entity1 , mean age 46 years. The mean Breslow thickness was 1.63mm. Excision of 1-3 sentinel nodes (mean 1.5) was performed. In 3/27 @entity1 @entity3 was detected in the sentinel node, 2 @entity1 had therapeutic lymph node dissections, and one had chemotherapy. There were no major complications. @entity1600 is a valuable technique for staging @entity320 , however impact on overall survival requires longer follow up.

title: The value of sentinel node mapping for staging XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SLNB', 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of access recirculation (AR) is crucial to dialysis efficiency and there is thus a need for a method yielding a highly accurate, fast, easy and economical measurement that can be applied in any busy dialysis clinic. Non- @entity1133 based dilutional methods are more accurate than @entity1133 based methods and avoid problems with cardiopulmonary recirculation, but they require expensive specialized devices, which limit their applicability. METHODS: We developed a simple dilutional method of AR which does not require any specific device, based on the determination of serum @entity972 [K+] in two samples. Briefly, a basal sample is drawn at the time of needle insertion (basal [K+]); needles are connected to blood lines and blood flow rate is quickly increased to 300 ml/mm; a second sample (arterial [K+]) is drawn from the arterial line port within 5 to 10 seconds, to avoid errors due to cardiopulmonary recirculation of the normal saline entering the blood stream. At this time, if recirculation is present, part of the normal saline will enter the arterial line and dilute the serum [K+]. The AR formula is: AR (%) = 100 x [1 - arterial K+/basal K+]. We compared our method with the two-needle @entity1133 and ultrasound velocity dilution methods. RESULTS: AR values by the ultrasound method > 10% were hypothesized as gold standard for AR, against which values obtained with the @entity972 method were compared. The @entity972 based method showed: sensitivity (100%,); specificity (95%); predictive value, positive (91%); predictive value, negative (100%). In addition, the @entity972 based method appears to be more reliable than the two-needle @entity1133 based method. CONCLUSION: Our method, similar to other dilutional methods, is not influenced by cardiopulmonary recirculation or veno-venous disequilibrium and is fast and accurate. Moreover it is very simple, economical, and can easily be performed in any dialysis unit.

title: XXXX -based dilutional method to measure hemodialysis access recirculation.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['Potassium']


abstract: @entity17057 ( @entity7312 ) is formed in @entity191 @entity1 receiving @entity3034 therapy and is detected in the plasma and urine of these @entity1 . In this study, we have investigated the effects of @entity7312 on @entity3034 -induced @entity2359 in cultured @entity35 @entity1911 , PC12 cells. Exposure of PC12 cells up to 10 microM @entity7312 or 20 microM @entity3034 after 24 or 48 hr, neither affected the cell viability determined by @entity98 assay, nor induced apoptosis by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. However, at concentrations higher than 15 microM, @entity7312 showed @entity137 through an apoptotic process. In addition, @entity7312 at 5-15 microM for both incubation time points significantly enhanced @entity3034 -induced @entity2359 ( @entity3034 concentration, 50 microM). Exposure of PC12 cells to @entity7312 , @entity3034 and @entity7312 plus @entity3034 for 48 hr resulted in a marked increase in the cell loss and percentage of apoptotic cells compared with exposure for 24hr. The enhancing effects of @entity7312 on @entity3034 -induced @entity2359 were concentration- and treated-time-dependent. @entity7312 , @entity3034 and @entity7312 plus @entity3034 produced a significant increase in intracellular reactive @entity26 species generation and decrease in @entity855 levels, supporting the involvement of oxidative stress in @entity7312 - and @entity3034 -induced apoptosis. The antioxidant @entity898 strongly inhibited changes in apoptosis, decreases in cell viability and ROS generation induced by @entity7312 associated with @entity3034 . These results suggest that @entity7312 aggravates @entity3034 -induced oxidative neurotoxic and apoptotic effects in PC12 cells. Therefore, @entity191 @entity1 treated with @entity3034 for long-term need to be monitored for the relationship between plasma concentration of @entity7312 and the symptoms of @entity2359 .

title: Aggravation of XXXX -induced @entity2359 by @entity17057 in PC12 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity17057 :: ('MESH:D013765', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrahydropapaveroline']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity3034 :: (MESH:D007980,Chemical) :: ['L-DOPA']


abstract: @entity17057 ( @entity7312 ) is formed in @entity191 @entity1 receiving @entity3034 therapy and is detected in the plasma and urine of these @entity1 . In this study, we have investigated the effects of @entity7312 on @entity3034 -induced @entity2359 in cultured @entity35 @entity1911 , PC12 cells. Exposure of PC12 cells up to 10 microM @entity7312 or 20 microM @entity3034 after 24 or 48 hr, neither affected the cell viability determined by @entity98 assay, nor induced apoptosis by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. However, at concentrations higher than 15 microM, @entity7312 showed @entity137 through an apoptotic process. In addition, @entity7312 at 5-15 microM for both incubation time points significantly enhanced @entity3034 -induced @entity2359 ( @entity3034 concentration, 50 microM). Exposure of PC12 cells to @entity7312 , @entity3034 and @entity7312 plus @entity3034 for 48 hr resulted in a marked increase in the cell loss and percentage of apoptotic cells compared with exposure for 24hr. The enhancing effects of @entity7312 on @entity3034 -induced @entity2359 were concentration- and treated-time-dependent. @entity7312 , @entity3034 and @entity7312 plus @entity3034 produced a significant increase in intracellular reactive @entity26 species generation and decrease in @entity855 levels, supporting the involvement of oxidative stress in @entity7312 - and @entity3034 -induced apoptosis. The antioxidant @entity898 strongly inhibited changes in apoptosis, decreases in cell viability and ROS generation induced by @entity7312 associated with @entity3034 . These results suggest that @entity7312 aggravates @entity3034 -induced oxidative neurotoxic and apoptotic effects in PC12 cells. Therefore, @entity191 @entity1 treated with @entity3034 for long-term need to be monitored for the relationship between plasma concentration of @entity7312 and the symptoms of @entity2359 .

title: Aggravation of @entity3034 -induced @entity2359 by XXXX in PC12 cells.

answer: @entity17057 :: (MESH:D013765,Chemical) :: ['tetrahydropapaveroline']


abstract: @entity17057 ( @entity7312 ) is formed in @entity191 @entity1 receiving @entity3034 therapy and is detected in the plasma and urine of these @entity1 . In this study, we have investigated the effects of @entity7312 on @entity3034 -induced @entity2359 in cultured @entity35 @entity1911 , PC12 cells. Exposure of PC12 cells up to 10 microM @entity7312 or 20 microM @entity3034 after 24 or 48 hr, neither affected the cell viability determined by @entity98 assay, nor induced apoptosis by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. However, at concentrations higher than 15 microM, @entity7312 showed @entity137 through an apoptotic process. In addition, @entity7312 at 5-15 microM for both incubation time points significantly enhanced @entity3034 -induced @entity2359 ( @entity3034 concentration, 50 microM). Exposure of PC12 cells to @entity7312 , @entity3034 and @entity7312 plus @entity3034 for 48 hr resulted in a marked increase in the cell loss and percentage of apoptotic cells compared with exposure for 24hr. The enhancing effects of @entity7312 on @entity3034 -induced @entity2359 were concentration- and treated-time-dependent. @entity7312 , @entity3034 and @entity7312 plus @entity3034 produced a significant increase in intracellular reactive @entity26 species generation and decrease in @entity855 levels, supporting the involvement of oxidative stress in @entity7312 - and @entity3034 -induced apoptosis. The antioxidant @entity898 strongly inhibited changes in apoptosis, decreases in cell viability and ROS generation induced by @entity7312 associated with @entity3034 . These results suggest that @entity7312 aggravates @entity3034 -induced oxidative neurotoxic and apoptotic effects in PC12 cells. Therefore, @entity191 @entity1 treated with @entity3034 for long-term need to be monitored for the relationship between plasma concentration of @entity7312 and the symptoms of @entity2359 .

title: Aggravation of @entity3034 -induced XXXX by @entity17057 in PC12 cells.

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to investigate whether the "warm-up" effect in @entity951 protects against @entity1002 . BACKGROUND: After exercise, @entity1 with @entity301 demonstrate persistent @entity296 , which may represent stunning, as well as warm-up protection against @entity951 , which may represent @entity63 preconditioning. The effect of warm-up exercise on LV function during subsequent exercise has not been investigated. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with multivessel @entity301 and preserved LV function performed two supine bicycle exercise tests 30 min apart. Equilibrium radionuclide angiography was performed before, during and up to 60 min after each test. Global LV ejection fraction and volume changes and regional ejection fraction for nine LV sectors were calculated for each acquisition. RESULTS: Onset of @entity662 or 1 mm ST @entity308 was delayed and occurred at a higher rate-pressure product during the second exercise test. Sectors whose regional ejection fraction fell during the first test showed persistent reduction at 15 min (68 +/- 20 vs. 73 +/- 20%, p < 0.0001). These sectors demonstrated increased function during the second test (71 +/- 20 vs. 63 +/- 20%, p = 0.0005). The reduction at 15 min and the increase during the second test were both in proportion to the reduction during the first test. Effects on global function were only apparent when the initial response to exercise was considered. CONCLUSIONS: The warm-up effect is accompanied by protection against @entity1002 . The degree of stunning and protection after exercise is related to the severity of dysfunction during exercise, consistent with results from experimental models.

title: The warm-up effect protects against @entity1002 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['further angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'ischemic regional LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to investigate whether the "warm-up" effect in @entity951 protects against @entity1002 . BACKGROUND: After exercise, @entity1 with @entity301 demonstrate persistent @entity296 , which may represent stunning, as well as warm-up protection against @entity951 , which may represent @entity63 preconditioning. The effect of warm-up exercise on LV function during subsequent exercise has not been investigated. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with multivessel @entity301 and preserved LV function performed two supine bicycle exercise tests 30 min apart. Equilibrium radionuclide angiography was performed before, during and up to 60 min after each test. Global LV ejection fraction and volume changes and regional ejection fraction for nine LV sectors were calculated for each acquisition. RESULTS: Onset of @entity662 or 1 mm ST @entity308 was delayed and occurred at a higher rate-pressure product during the second exercise test. Sectors whose regional ejection fraction fell during the first test showed persistent reduction at 15 min (68 +/- 20 vs. 73 +/- 20%, p < 0.0001). These sectors demonstrated increased function during the second test (71 +/- 20 vs. 63 +/- 20%, p = 0.0005). The reduction at 15 min and the increase during the second test were both in proportion to the reduction during the first test. Effects on global function were only apparent when the initial response to exercise was considered. CONCLUSIONS: The warm-up effect is accompanied by protection against @entity1002 . The degree of stunning and protection after exercise is related to the severity of dysfunction during exercise, consistent with results from experimental models.

title: The warm-up effect protects against XXXX in @entity1 with @entity951 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['ischemic left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to investigate whether the "warm-up" effect in @entity951 protects against @entity1002 . BACKGROUND: After exercise, @entity1 with @entity301 demonstrate persistent @entity296 , which may represent stunning, as well as warm-up protection against @entity951 , which may represent @entity63 preconditioning. The effect of warm-up exercise on LV function during subsequent exercise has not been investigated. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with multivessel @entity301 and preserved LV function performed two supine bicycle exercise tests 30 min apart. Equilibrium radionuclide angiography was performed before, during and up to 60 min after each test. Global LV ejection fraction and volume changes and regional ejection fraction for nine LV sectors were calculated for each acquisition. RESULTS: Onset of @entity662 or 1 mm ST @entity308 was delayed and occurred at a higher rate-pressure product during the second exercise test. Sectors whose regional ejection fraction fell during the first test showed persistent reduction at 15 min (68 +/- 20 vs. 73 +/- 20%, p < 0.0001). These sectors demonstrated increased function during the second test (71 +/- 20 vs. 63 +/- 20%, p = 0.0005). The reduction at 15 min and the increase during the second test were both in proportion to the reduction during the first test. Effects on global function were only apparent when the initial response to exercise was considered. CONCLUSIONS: The warm-up effect is accompanied by protection against @entity1002 . The degree of stunning and protection after exercise is related to the severity of dysfunction during exercise, consistent with results from experimental models.

title: The warm-up effect protects against @entity1002 in XXXX with @entity951 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and the prognosis of consecutive @entity1 resuscitated from @entity1167 occurring in a general hospital. We assessed 28 females and 94 males (aged 13-82 years) who were resuscitated from @entity1167 not attributable to acute @entity583 . @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) was documented in 97. Non-cardiac causes were excluded. Non-invasive studies (24 h Holter monitoring, 2D echocardiogram, signal-averaged ECG, exercise testing, magnetic resonance imaging) and invasive studies (right and left ventricular angiography, coronary angiography and complete electrophysiologic study (EPS) were performed. RESULTS: An underlying @entity299 was found in 107 @entity1 (88%). @entity1 were followed for a period ranging from 6 months to 10 years (mean 4+/-5 years). Several causes for @entity1167 were identified and treated specifically. The prognosis was variable. Among surviving @entity1 the following causes of @entity1167 were found: @entity3153 (n=2), rapid supraventricular @entity591 (n=6), acquired or @entity1162 (n=7), complete @entity713 (n=3), proarrhythmic effect of an antiarrhythmic drug (n=5), @entity951 (normal coronary arteries) (n=5). Among ten @entity1 with @entity2224 related to @entity299 two died suddenly. @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 was the main cause leading to resuscitation after @entity1167 (n=64). The risk of recurrence of arrest is confirmed in the present study particularly in @entity1 in whom @entity1165 / @entity2224 could not be suppressed by antiarrhythmic drug therapy (n=45) and in those where an @entity1479 was not implanted (18 @entity204 (nine sudden @entity204 ( @entity5099 's)). The cause of @entity1167 was not elucidated in 20 @entity1 (16%). The prognosis of these @entity1 differed according to the documentation of @entity2224 at the time of @entity1167 : of those with documented @entity2224 (n=12), six @entity1 died suddenly (one with an @entity1479 ); of those without documented @entity2224 (n=8), all are alive. CONCLUSION: To determine the precise cause of @entity1167 was the first problem; the diagnosis of @entity1167 clearly was erroneous in 8 of 122 @entity1 (6.5%). In other @entity1 , a @entity1165 was identified as the cause for @entity1167 in half of the population; the indication for an @entity1479 is evident in this group. In 31% of @entity1 with proven @entity1167 , another @entity943 requiring specific treatment was identified and @entity1479 implantation was avoided; these @entity1 had a survival of 92% at 3 years. In @entity1 without an identified cause of @entity1167 and negative EPS, the prognosis was unfavorable only in those with documented @entity2224 .

title: Causes and prognosis of XXXX in a population admitted to a general hospital; a diagnostic and therapeutic problem.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia', 'VT', 'ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['congenital long QT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic angina']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischaemia', 'cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate if echocardiographic strain measurements could detect acute @entity741 , and to compare this new method with myocardial velocity measurements and wall motion score index. BACKGROUND: Tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) is a promising method for assessing regional myocardial function. However, myocardial velocities measured by tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) vary throughout the left ventricle (LV) because of tethering effects from adjacent tissue. Strain Doppler echocardiography (SDE) is a new tool for measuring regional myocardial deformation excluding the effect of adjacent myocardial tissue. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 undergoing angioplasty of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) were studied. @entity1002 was assessed by TDE and SDE from the apical four-chamber view before, during and after angioplasty from multiple myocardial segments simultaneously. RESULTS: Systolic strain values were uniformly distributed in the different nonischemic LV segments, whereas systolic velocities decreased from basis to apex. During @entity432 , strain measurement showed expansion in the apical septal segment in 16 of 17 @entity1 (7.5 +/- 6.5% vs. -17.7 +/- 7.2%, p < 0.001) and reduced compression in the mid-septal segment (p < 0.05) compared with baseline. Segments not supplied by LAD remained unchanged. Tissue Doppler echocardiography showed reduced velocities in all septal segments (p < 0.05) during angioplasty even though LAD does not supply the basal septal segment. Negative systolic velocities were present in 11 of 17 @entity1 . Wall motion score index increased during @entity63 (1.3 +/- 0.4, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The new SDE approach might be a more accurate marker than @entity5981 for detecting systolic regional @entity296 induced by @entity432 .

title: Regional myocardial systolic function during acute XXXX assessed by strain Doppler echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular longitudinal wall motion']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: After recalling the classical contra-indication of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) concerning @entity1 with a personal history of @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and arguments that may be opposed, the authors report the present results of a prospective study undertaken in the Center of @entity1558 in Saint-Louis hospital in Paris since February 1992. @entity1 AND METHODS: By April 2001, 230 @entity1 had been included. A free interval of 2 years at least since the treatment of the primary @entity0 has been observed. The reasons for prescribing @entity34 were vasomotor troubles (flushes, nightly sweats) or a @entity546 , which were severe and not controlled by non-hormonal treatments. There was also an indication of a major @entity65 . In fact, many of these @entity1 had a premature, artificial, chemo-induced menopause. The @entity34 most often used was an estro-progestin association ( @entity53 + a @entity1871 compound) given either continuously or with a 5-d interruption each month. The mean duration of treatment was 2.5 years. RESULTS: Results, concerning the improvement of menopause troubles, were remarkable in the great majority of troubles. @entity34 had to be stopped in 39 cases, reading as follows: 17 cases for relapses (seven local, six in the contro-lateral breast and four @entity3 (7%)). Also, 22 @entity1 (9%) interrupted their @entity34 for serious side-effects. A case-control study did not show any significant difference between with and without @entity34 @entity1 concerning the overall survival without relapse. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life of @entity1 was often substantially improved, and a deleterious effect on the @entity5 was not found. Our results are in agreement with the literature from other countries. However, one must be cautious. In such circumstances, @entity34 must be prescribed with the informed consent of the @entity1 and delivered in appropriate hospital and university centers. It is wished that large randomised prospective studies may be undertaken.

title: [Hormone replacement therapy in XXXX @entity1 : a study of 230 @entity1 , with a case-control study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer disease']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic or cardiovascular danger']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Diseases']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HRT', 'hormone replacement therapy']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: After recalling the classical contra-indication of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) concerning @entity1 with a personal history of @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and arguments that may be opposed, the authors report the present results of a prospective study undertaken in the Center of @entity1558 in Saint-Louis hospital in Paris since February 1992. @entity1 AND METHODS: By April 2001, 230 @entity1 had been included. A free interval of 2 years at least since the treatment of the primary @entity0 has been observed. The reasons for prescribing @entity34 were vasomotor troubles (flushes, nightly sweats) or a @entity546 , which were severe and not controlled by non-hormonal treatments. There was also an indication of a major @entity65 . In fact, many of these @entity1 had a premature, artificial, chemo-induced menopause. The @entity34 most often used was an estro-progestin association ( @entity53 + a @entity1871 compound) given either continuously or with a 5-d interruption each month. The mean duration of treatment was 2.5 years. RESULTS: Results, concerning the improvement of menopause troubles, were remarkable in the great majority of troubles. @entity34 had to be stopped in 39 cases, reading as follows: 17 cases for relapses (seven local, six in the contro-lateral breast and four @entity3 (7%)). Also, 22 @entity1 (9%) interrupted their @entity34 for serious side-effects. A case-control study did not show any significant difference between with and without @entity34 @entity1 concerning the overall survival without relapse. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life of @entity1 was often substantially improved, and a deleterious effect on the @entity5 was not found. Our results are in agreement with the literature from other countries. However, one must be cautious. In such circumstances, @entity34 must be prescribed with the informed consent of the @entity1 and delivered in appropriate hospital and university centers. It is wished that large randomised prospective studies may be undertaken.

title: [Hormone replacement therapy in @entity0 XXXX : a study of 230 @entity1 , with a case-control study].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: After recalling the classical contra-indication of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) concerning @entity1 with a personal history of @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and arguments that may be opposed, the authors report the present results of a prospective study undertaken in the Center of @entity1558 in Saint-Louis hospital in Paris since February 1992. @entity1 AND METHODS: By April 2001, 230 @entity1 had been included. A free interval of 2 years at least since the treatment of the primary @entity0 has been observed. The reasons for prescribing @entity34 were vasomotor troubles (flushes, nightly sweats) or a @entity546 , which were severe and not controlled by non-hormonal treatments. There was also an indication of a major @entity65 . In fact, many of these @entity1 had a premature, artificial, chemo-induced menopause. The @entity34 most often used was an estro-progestin association ( @entity53 + a @entity1871 compound) given either continuously or with a 5-d interruption each month. The mean duration of treatment was 2.5 years. RESULTS: Results, concerning the improvement of menopause troubles, were remarkable in the great majority of troubles. @entity34 had to be stopped in 39 cases, reading as follows: 17 cases for relapses (seven local, six in the contro-lateral breast and four @entity3 (7%)). Also, 22 @entity1 (9%) interrupted their @entity34 for serious side-effects. A case-control study did not show any significant difference between with and without @entity34 @entity1 concerning the overall survival without relapse. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life of @entity1 was often substantially improved, and a deleterious effect on the @entity5 was not found. Our results are in agreement with the literature from other countries. However, one must be cautious. In such circumstances, @entity34 must be prescribed with the informed consent of the @entity1 and delivered in appropriate hospital and university centers. It is wished that large randomised prospective studies may be undertaken.

title: [Hormone replacement therapy in @entity0 @entity1 : a study of 230 XXXX , with a case-control study].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity15698 ( @entity15698 ) is often considered to be less frequent and less severe than @entity1209 encountered in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy, although the issue has only been addressed in a few studies. It is possible that radiation oncologists undervalue the clinical relevance of @entity15698 . If untreated, sickness produces an adverse effect on the @entity1 's quality of life and may cause interruption of the treatment with possible unfavorable effects on @entity5 control. A prospective observational trial on @entity15698 has recently been published by the Italian Group for Antiemetic Research in Radiotherapy (IGARR). The study evidenced that the overall cumulative incidence of @entity391 and @entity390 occurred in about 40% of @entity1 undergoing radiotherapy, and that the irradiated site, radiation field size, and previous chemotherapy were significant risk factors. @entity1 submitted to abdominal radiotherapy were at major @entity391 and @entity390 (71%), followed by those treated on the thorax, brain, head and neck, and pelvis (49%, 40%, 40%%, and 39%, respectively). Few small randomized clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of various antiemetic drugs in preventing @entity15698 . Generally, @entity1 who entered these trials were those submitted to total body irradiation, half body irradiation or upper abdomen irradiation because of the greater risk of developing @entity1209 . The few controlled trials published have shown that @entity935 receptor antagonists were effective in only about 50% of @entity1 , whereas @entity750 antagonists were more effective. Clinical practice guidelines for the use of antiemetics have recently been published by MASCC (Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer) and ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology). Unfortunately, their recommendations were quite different, when classifying radiation emetogenic risk categories and when giving indications for the use of antiemetic drugs. However, MASCC and ASCO recommendations both suggested a prophylaxis with a @entity750 antagonist and a corticosteroid for @entity1 submitted to high emetogenic radiotherapy. There is evidence about the effectiveness of oral @entity619 alone in fractionated upper abdomen radiotherapy and the use of a rescue antiemetic treatment as a possible alternative to the prophylaxis. Many questions remain open, and other prospective controlled trials on @entity15698 are needed to answer them. Considering that radiotherapy to the abdomen, pelvis and thorax presents the most frequent problems in radiation oncology clinical practice, future trials on @entity15698 should deal with these irradiated sites. The IGARR is carrying out a double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing prophylactic ondansetron plus @entity619 versus ondansetron and @entity619 given as a rescue treatment in @entity1 undergoing fractionated radiotherapy to the upper abdomen.

title: XXXX : a problem with many open questions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15698 :: ('MESH:D009381', 'Disease') :: ['RIE', 'Radiation-induced emesis']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'risk of vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and/or vomiting', 'nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity15698 :: (MESH:D009381,Disease) :: ['Radiation-induced emesis']