abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lack of nightly blood pressure (BP) reduction is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to assess the association of @entity551 with arterial stiffness in young and middle-aged @entity385 @entity1 .(Figure is included in full-text article.) DESIGN AND METHOD:: Clinic and ambulatory BP measurements were performed 3  1 month after the @entity64 in 261 @entity1 (aged 15-60 years) included in the prospective Norwegian @entity64 in the Young Study. The percent reduction in nocturnal BP was calculated from mean BP and defined as dipping if>=10%. Arterial stiffness was derived from carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) using applanation tonometry with a Sphygmocor device. RESULTS: @entity3257 pattern was found in 38%. @entity3257 @entity1 had higher @entity122 (8.2  2.2 vs. 7.5  1.7m/s) and lower renal function, and included more @entity1 with @entity101 (51 vs. 26%) or @entity6 (16 vs. 8%, all p<0.05). Furthermore, 26% of the non-dippers had high for age @entity122 , reflecting early arterial stiffening. Age, anthropometric variables and the level of serum lipids did not differ significantly between the groups. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, non-dipping BP pattern was associated with high for age @entity122 (OR 2.22 [95% CI 1.05-4.70], p<0.05) independent of higher @entity1011 , known @entity101 , mean day BP or @entity6 (Table 1). In multivariate linear regression analysis, non-dipping pattern was also associated with higher @entity122 (Beta=0.18, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In the Norwegian @entity64 in the Young Study, blunted @entity551 was common and associated with premature arterial stiffness.

title: 3D.04: BLUNTED NIGHTLY BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN ISCHEMIC STROKE XXXX : A NORWEGIAN STROKE IN THE YOUNG STUDY.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['Non-dipping']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['nightly BP reduction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity73 is a major disability increasing due to population ageing. @entity101 is a major risk factor for the development of vascular @entity73 . However the contribution of @entity101 in the pathological cascade of vascular @entity73 remains elusive. Although few cardiovascular models have shown to be relevant for the study of vascular @entity73 , chronic @entity101 models with established @entity73 are lacking. In particular working and short-term memories have never been investigated. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the impact of prolonged @entity11502 -induced @entity101 on working and short-term memories in adult @entity19 . DESIGN AND METHOD: 3-4 months old male C57BL/6 @entity19 were infused during 3 months with @entity11502 at a dose of 2000ng/kg/min ( @entity15395 , n=10) or saline (Control, n=10) via osmotic minipumps. Blood pressure was measured weekly by the tail-cuff method. Garcia neurological test was used to assess motor and behavioural functions to detect eventual @entity64 signs. Working memory was assessed in a Y-maze during an alternation task over 3 months. Finally, evaluation of short-term memory was performed during an object location task (1h intertrial). The resulting discrimination index d2 calculated is an indication of recognition of the novel location of the objects. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure increased and reached a plateau after 4 weeks (Figure, panel A). Neurological score was unchanged in both groups, suggesting absence of @entity64 . The percentage of alternations was significantly higher in both groups than the chance level of 50% (p<0.05) indicating a functional working memory in both groups. While the alternation rate did not differ between @entity15395 and Control (pint 0.14, pAngII 0.93, ptime 0.51), the discrimination index d2 was different from zero (no discrimination) in Control (p<0.001) but not in @entity15395 (p=0.48) and tended to differ between both groups (p=0.06) (Figure, panel B).(Figure is included in full-text article.) CONCLUSIONS:: In conclusion, we show for the first time that prolonged @entity11502 -induced @entity101 impairs short-term memory in adult @entity19 . Immunohistochemical investigations of brain sections are being done to identify the structural damage involved in this @entity101 model of @entity73 .

title: 4C.02: PROLONGED XXXX -INDUCED HYPERTENSION IMPAIRS SHORT-TERM MEMORY IN ADULT @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'short-term memory impairment', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin II']

answer: @entity11502 :: (MESH:D000804,Chemical) :: ['ANGIOTENSIN II']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity73 is a major disability increasing due to population ageing. @entity101 is a major risk factor for the development of vascular @entity73 . However the contribution of @entity101 in the pathological cascade of vascular @entity73 remains elusive. Although few cardiovascular models have shown to be relevant for the study of vascular @entity73 , chronic @entity101 models with established @entity73 are lacking. In particular working and short-term memories have never been investigated. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the impact of prolonged @entity11502 -induced @entity101 on working and short-term memories in adult @entity19 . DESIGN AND METHOD: 3-4 months old male C57BL/6 @entity19 were infused during 3 months with @entity11502 at a dose of 2000ng/kg/min ( @entity15395 , n=10) or saline (Control, n=10) via osmotic minipumps. Blood pressure was measured weekly by the tail-cuff method. Garcia neurological test was used to assess motor and behavioural functions to detect eventual @entity64 signs. Working memory was assessed in a Y-maze during an alternation task over 3 months. Finally, evaluation of short-term memory was performed during an object location task (1h intertrial). The resulting discrimination index d2 calculated is an indication of recognition of the novel location of the objects. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure increased and reached a plateau after 4 weeks (Figure, panel A). Neurological score was unchanged in both groups, suggesting absence of @entity64 . The percentage of alternations was significantly higher in both groups than the chance level of 50% (p<0.05) indicating a functional working memory in both groups. While the alternation rate did not differ between @entity15395 and Control (pint 0.14, pAngII 0.93, ptime 0.51), the discrimination index d2 was different from zero (no discrimination) in Control (p<0.001) but not in @entity15395 (p=0.48) and tended to differ between both groups (p=0.06) (Figure, panel B).(Figure is included in full-text article.) CONCLUSIONS:: In conclusion, we show for the first time that prolonged @entity11502 -induced @entity101 impairs short-term memory in adult @entity19 . Immunohistochemical investigations of brain sections are being done to identify the structural damage involved in this @entity101 model of @entity73 .

title: 4C.02: PROLONGED @entity11502 -INDUCED HYPERTENSION IMPAIRS SHORT-TERM MEMORY IN ADULT XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['MICE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Aim of our study was to obtain information on prevalence and awareness of @entity101 and other cardiovascular risk factors in individuals participating in the 2014 "World @entity101 Day" in Italy. DESIGN AND METHOD: During the 2014 "World @entity101 Day", health care providers from 50 @entity101 centers affiliated to the Italian Society of @entity101 , spread all over the country, anonymously interviewed individuals spontaneously participating in this campaign. Information on demography, cardiovascular risk factors prevalence, awareness of @entity101 and of its consequences was obtained. The average of two conventional blood pressure (BP) measurements, taken in seated position after a few min rest by a validated oscillometric device (Microlife BP A150), was recorded. RESULTS: Data were collected from 6356 individuals (53.2% females, 46.8% males) aged 57.8 years. (18-105 years).43.6% of subjects were aware of being @entity101 , 89.9% being treated. In this cohort active and former smokers were respectively 19.2% and 22%; 28.6% reported @entity1007 and 8.3% @entity6 . Mean systolic BP>139mmHg was found in 34.8% and mean diastolic BP>89mmHg in 18.3% of the entire cohort and in 47.7% and 23.5% of aware @entity101 individuals, respectively. In 14.5% of participating subjects and in 19.6% of aware @entity101 both systolic/diastolic BP were found above 139/89mmHg respectively. On average, BP was higher in aware @entity101 individuals, in spite of being treated, than in the overall cohort (139.6/81.7  19.7/14.5 vs 133.1/79.7  20.3/15 mmHg, respectively, p<0.005). Awareness of @entity101 complications was imperfect, acute @entity583 , @entity64 and @entity177 being recognized as consequences of @entity101 by 85.1%, 61.6% and 28.6% of individuals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data, obtained in Italy at the time of the 2014 World @entity101 Day show a yet high @entity101 prevalence, accompanied by an unsatisfactory awareness of its complications and by a frequent occurrence of other cardiovascular risk factors in @entity1 in this initiative. Even considering that these individuals may not be fully representative of the general Italian population, our results strongly indicate that more efforts are still needed to improve @entity101 control and to increase @entity1 ' awareness of the risks associated to this condition.

title: 5C.02: PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND OTHER CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN XXXX IN THE 2014 HYPERTENSION WORLD DAY CAMPAIGN IN ITALY.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PARTICIPANTS']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the impact of @entity231 surgery on cognition, mood, and @entity1833 in a cohort of @entity1 aged 75 years and older. SETTING: Secondary care ophthalmology unit in Northeast England. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS: @entity1 aged 75 years or older with bilateral @entity231 and scheduled for @entity231 surgery were recruited consecutively. @entity1 were assessed preoperatively and followed for 1 year postoperatively. Cognition was assessed using the revised Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-R), mood was measured with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, @entity1833 were elicited using the North East @entity1833 Inventory, and visual acuity was assessed using a logMAR chart. RESULTS: One hundred twelve @entity1 were recruited at baseline; 91 (81%) completed 1 year of follow-up. Significant improvements in ACE-R scores were seen between baseline and 1 year postoperatively (95% confidence interval for improvement, 0.5-2.8; P = .005). Improved cognition did not correlate with improved visual acuity (r = -0.13, P = .22). No significant changes in mood were seen during the course of the study (P = .314, repeated-measures 1-way analysis of variance). Complete resolution of complex @entity1833 occurred in 2 @entity1 after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Small improvements in @entity227 indicate that the benefits of @entity231 surgery might extend beyond visual improvement. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Effect of XXXX surgery on cognition, mood, and @entity1833 in older adults.

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['Visual Hallucinations', 'visual hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['cognition and reports of resolved complex visual hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the impact of @entity231 surgery on cognition, mood, and @entity1833 in a cohort of @entity1 aged 75 years and older. SETTING: Secondary care ophthalmology unit in Northeast England. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS: @entity1 aged 75 years or older with bilateral @entity231 and scheduled for @entity231 surgery were recruited consecutively. @entity1 were assessed preoperatively and followed for 1 year postoperatively. Cognition was assessed using the revised Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-R), mood was measured with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, @entity1833 were elicited using the North East @entity1833 Inventory, and visual acuity was assessed using a logMAR chart. RESULTS: One hundred twelve @entity1 were recruited at baseline; 91 (81%) completed 1 year of follow-up. Significant improvements in ACE-R scores were seen between baseline and 1 year postoperatively (95% confidence interval for improvement, 0.5-2.8; P = .005). Improved cognition did not correlate with improved visual acuity (r = -0.13, P = .22). No significant changes in mood were seen during the course of the study (P = .314, repeated-measures 1-way analysis of variance). Complete resolution of complex @entity1833 occurred in 2 @entity1 after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Small improvements in @entity227 indicate that the benefits of @entity231 surgery might extend beyond visual improvement. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Effect of @entity231 surgery on cognition, mood, and XXXX in older adults.

answer: @entity1833 :: (MESH:D006212,Disease) :: ['visual hallucinations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need for gut lengthening secondary to massive resections of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we propose to evaluate the remodeling, vascularization, and functionality of a chitosan-based, tubular neuromuscular tissue on subcutaneous implantation in the back of athymic @entity35 . METHODS: Aligned innervated smooth muscle sheets were bioengineered with the use of @entity1 smooth muscle and neural progenitor cells. The innervated sheets were wrapped around tubular chitosan scaffolds. The engineered tubular neuromuscular tissue was implanted subcutaneously in the back of athymic @entity35 . The implant was harvested after 14  days and assessed for morphology, vascularization, and functionality. RESULTS: Gross examination of the implants showed healthy color with no signs of @entity32 . The implanted tissue became vascularized as demonstrated by gross and histologic analysis. Chitosan supported the luminal patency of the tissue. The innervated muscle remodeled around the tubular chitosan scaffold. Smooth muscle maintained its circumferential alignment and contractile phenotype. The functionality of the implant was characterized further by the use of real-time force generation. A cholinergic response was demonstrated by robust contraction in response to @entity934 . Vasoactive intestinal peptide-, and electrical field stimulation-caused relaxation. In the presence of neurotoxin tetrodotoxin, the magnitude of @entity934 -induced contraction and vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced relaxation was attenuated whereas electrical field stimulation-induced relaxation was completely abolished, indicating neuronal contribution to the response. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated the successful subcutaneous implantation of engineered tubular neuromuscular tissues. The tissues became vascularized and maintained their myogenic and neurogenic phenotype and function, which provides potential therapeutic prospects for providing implantable replacement GI segments for treating @entity1319 .

title: Successful implantation of an engineered tubular neuromuscular tissue composed of XXXX cells and chitosan scaffold.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['GI motility disorders']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity418 is one of the most lethal solid @entity5 . Mounting evidence demonstrates that @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) are able to cause @entity5 initiation, @entity3 and responsible for chemotherapy and radiotherapy failures. As CSCs are thought to be the main reason of therapeutic failure, these cells must be effectively targeted to elicit long-lasting therapeutic responses. We aimed to enrich and identify the @entity418 cell subpopulation with stem-like properties and help to develop new target therapy strategies for CSCs. Here, we found @entity418 cells KYSE70 and TE1 could form spheres in ultra low attachment surface culture and be serially passaged. Sphere-forming cells could redifferentiate and acquire morphology comparable to parental cells, when return to adherent culture. The sphere-forming cells possessed the key criteria that define CSCs: persistent self-renewal, overexpression of stemness genes ( @entity4731 , @entity14215 and @entity4730 ), reduced expression of differentiation marker @entity14959 , chemoresistance, strong invasion and enhanced tumorigenic potential. @entity22346 , @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) inhibitor, significantly inhibited migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cells and had no effect on sphere-forming ability. In conclusion, @entity418 sphere-forming cells from KYSE70 and TE1 cultured in ultra low attachment surface @entity5 stem cell properties, providing a model for CSCs targeted therapy. @entity2533 promotes the migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cells, which may guide future studies on therapeutic strategies targeting these cells.

title: @entity2533 promotes the migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cell subpopulations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'possess cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity418 is one of the most lethal solid @entity5 . Mounting evidence demonstrates that @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) are able to cause @entity5 initiation, @entity3 and responsible for chemotherapy and radiotherapy failures. As CSCs are thought to be the main reason of therapeutic failure, these cells must be effectively targeted to elicit long-lasting therapeutic responses. We aimed to enrich and identify the @entity418 cell subpopulation with stem-like properties and help to develop new target therapy strategies for CSCs. Here, we found @entity418 cells KYSE70 and TE1 could form spheres in ultra low attachment surface culture and be serially passaged. Sphere-forming cells could redifferentiate and acquire morphology comparable to parental cells, when return to adherent culture. The sphere-forming cells possessed the key criteria that define CSCs: persistent self-renewal, overexpression of stemness genes ( @entity4731 , @entity14215 and @entity4730 ), reduced expression of differentiation marker @entity14959 , chemoresistance, strong invasion and enhanced tumorigenic potential. @entity22346 , @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) inhibitor, significantly inhibited migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cells and had no effect on sphere-forming ability. In conclusion, @entity418 sphere-forming cells from KYSE70 and TE1 cultured in ultra low attachment surface @entity5 stem cell properties, providing a model for CSCs targeted therapy. @entity2533 promotes the migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cells, which may guide future studies on therapeutic strategies targeting these cells.

title: XXXX promotes the migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cell subpopulations in @entity418 .

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['Transforming growth factor-beta1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity233 , according to the directions of National Organ and Tissue Transplant Coordination System, a system has been established since 2008 of urgency priority for kidney transplantation in cases with imminent lack of access for either @entity298 . In this study, we compared @entity1 and graft outcomes between @entity1 on the national waiting list having urgency priority for kidney transplantation (UKT) and those having the other kidney from the same deceased donor (control group). METHODS: We examined retrospective data of @entity1 , who underwent transplantation under urgency priority allocation in @entity233 from 2010 to 2014 and compared that group with other @entity1 receiving kidney transplants from the same deceased donors (control group). Then we compared these @entity1 for early and long-term @entity1 and graft outcomes. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 had UKT, and 40 @entity1 received transplants from the same deceased donors. Mean follow-up of @entity1 after transplantation was 18    12 months. Eight @entity1 with UKT and 4 @entity1 in the control group lost their grafts. At follow-up, 7 @entity1 died in the UKT group, and 4 @entity1 died in the control group. @entity1 survival in the UKT group was 90% at 1 year and 83% at 2 years, and in the control group was 93% at 1 year and 84% at 2 years (P  = .384). Graft survival was 87% at 1 year and 81% at 2 years in UKT, and 91% at both 1 and 2 years in the control group (P  = .260). CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1 with UKT showed lower graft and @entity1 survivals than the control group, the difference was statistically nonsignificant. UKT can be an obligatory treatment model for @entity1 with lack of vascular or peritoneal access for dialysis.

title: Urgency Priority in Kidney Transplantation: Experience in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1800 are a major cause of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) exacerbations. @entity6800 ( @entity6800 ) reacts with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and participates in the immune response after @entity1800 . In the present study, we examined whether cigarette smoke, which is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1030 , enhances mucin production via the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) pathway in airway epithelial cells. METHODS: We studied the effects of @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) on signal transduction and the production of @entity5089 ( @entity5089 ) in NCI-H292 cells and differentiated primary @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with a synthetic dsRNA analogue, @entity14018 [ @entity14018 ], used as a @entity6800 ligand. RESULTS: @entity1981 significantly potentiated the production of @entity5089 in epithelial cells stimulated with poly(I:C). Antibodies to @entity470 or @entity470 ligands inhibited @entity1981 -augmented @entity5089 release in poly(I:C)-treated cells. Treatment with poly(I:C) or @entity1981 alone increased the phosphorylation of @entity470 and @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ). However, after poly(I:C) stimulation, @entity1981 did not enhance @entity470 phosphorylation, but did augment @entity3963 phosphorylation. @entity470 inhibitors and an @entity3963 inhibitor inhibited the augmented release of @entity5089 . In addition, treatment with @entity898 , an antioxidant, inhibited the @entity1981 -augmented phosphorylation of @entity3963 and @entity5089 . CONCLUSIONS: These data show that cigarette smoke increases @entity6800 -stimulated @entity5089 production in airway epithelial cells, mainly via @entity3963 signaling. The effect might be mediated in part by oxidative stress. Modulation of this pathway might be a therapeutic target for viral-induced mucin overproduction in @entity1030 exacerbation.

title: Cigarette smoke augments @entity5089 production via the @entity6800 - XXXX pathway in airway epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(I:C)', 'polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['TLR3-epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Viral infections', 'viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['CSE', 'cigarette smoke extract']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1800 are a major cause of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) exacerbations. @entity6800 ( @entity6800 ) reacts with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and participates in the immune response after @entity1800 . In the present study, we examined whether cigarette smoke, which is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1030 , enhances mucin production via the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) pathway in airway epithelial cells. METHODS: We studied the effects of @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) on signal transduction and the production of @entity5089 ( @entity5089 ) in NCI-H292 cells and differentiated primary @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with a synthetic dsRNA analogue, @entity14018 [ @entity14018 ], used as a @entity6800 ligand. RESULTS: @entity1981 significantly potentiated the production of @entity5089 in epithelial cells stimulated with poly(I:C). Antibodies to @entity470 or @entity470 ligands inhibited @entity1981 -augmented @entity5089 release in poly(I:C)-treated cells. Treatment with poly(I:C) or @entity1981 alone increased the phosphorylation of @entity470 and @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ). However, after poly(I:C) stimulation, @entity1981 did not enhance @entity470 phosphorylation, but did augment @entity3963 phosphorylation. @entity470 inhibitors and an @entity3963 inhibitor inhibited the augmented release of @entity5089 . In addition, treatment with @entity898 , an antioxidant, inhibited the @entity1981 -augmented phosphorylation of @entity3963 and @entity5089 . CONCLUSIONS: These data show that cigarette smoke increases @entity6800 -stimulated @entity5089 production in airway epithelial cells, mainly via @entity3963 signaling. The effect might be mediated in part by oxidative stress. Modulation of this pathway might be a therapeutic target for viral-induced mucin overproduction in @entity1030 exacerbation.

title: Cigarette smoke augments @entity5089 production via the XXXX - @entity470 pathway in airway epithelial cells.

answer: @entity6800 :: (7098,Gene) :: ['TLR3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1800 are a major cause of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) exacerbations. @entity6800 ( @entity6800 ) reacts with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and participates in the immune response after @entity1800 . In the present study, we examined whether cigarette smoke, which is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1030 , enhances mucin production via the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) pathway in airway epithelial cells. METHODS: We studied the effects of @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) on signal transduction and the production of @entity5089 ( @entity5089 ) in NCI-H292 cells and differentiated primary @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with a synthetic dsRNA analogue, @entity14018 [ @entity14018 ], used as a @entity6800 ligand. RESULTS: @entity1981 significantly potentiated the production of @entity5089 in epithelial cells stimulated with poly(I:C). Antibodies to @entity470 or @entity470 ligands inhibited @entity1981 -augmented @entity5089 release in poly(I:C)-treated cells. Treatment with poly(I:C) or @entity1981 alone increased the phosphorylation of @entity470 and @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ). However, after poly(I:C) stimulation, @entity1981 did not enhance @entity470 phosphorylation, but did augment @entity3963 phosphorylation. @entity470 inhibitors and an @entity3963 inhibitor inhibited the augmented release of @entity5089 . In addition, treatment with @entity898 , an antioxidant, inhibited the @entity1981 -augmented phosphorylation of @entity3963 and @entity5089 . CONCLUSIONS: These data show that cigarette smoke increases @entity6800 -stimulated @entity5089 production in airway epithelial cells, mainly via @entity3963 signaling. The effect might be mediated in part by oxidative stress. Modulation of this pathway might be a therapeutic target for viral-induced mucin overproduction in @entity1030 exacerbation.

title: Cigarette smoke augments XXXX production via the @entity6800 - @entity470 pathway in airway epithelial cells.

answer: @entity5089 :: (4586,Gene) :: ['MUC5AC']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1047 retesting 3 months after treatment is recommended to detect reinfections, but retesting rates are typically low. The purpose of this study is to determine if the addition of a postal home collection kit to a @entity851 ( @entity851 ) reminder at 3 months increases the percentage of @entity1 retested for @entity1047 at 1-4 months, compared to @entity851 alone. DESIGN: In this unblinded randomized controlled trial, @entity1 were randomized 1:1 to intervention (home arm) or control (clinic arm) status. SETTING/ @entity1 : @entity1 included 200 each of @entity1 , heterosexual @entity1 , and @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 diagnosed and treated for @entity1047 at sexual health services. INTERVENTION: Three months after @entity1047 diagnosis, home arm @entity1 received an @entity851 reminder and postal home collection kit ( @entity1 , vaginal swab; heterosexual @entity1 , Copan UriSwab; @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 , UriSwab and rectal swab). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were the percentage of @entity1 retested at 1-4 months after @entity1047 diagnosis and the percentage in each arm with repeat positive tests, by risk group and overall, analyzed by intention to treat. Data were collected from 2011 to 2013 and analyzed in 2014. RESULTS: The percentage retested within 1-4 months of @entity1047 diagnosis was significantly higher in home versus clinic arm @entity1 among @entity1 (64% [66/103] vs 39% [38/97], p<0.001); heterosexual @entity1 (56% [57/101] vs 34% [34/99], p=0.002); @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 (62% [61/98] vs 44% [45/102], p=0.010); and overall (61% [184/302] vs 39% [117/298], p<0.001). The percentage in the home versus clinic arm with repeat positive tests was significantly higher among @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 (16% [16/98] vs 5% [5/102], p=0.021) and overall (10% [31/302] vs 4% [12/298], p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a postal home collection kit to routine @entity851 reminders resulted in substantial improvements in @entity1047 retesting rates in all three risk groups and detection of more repeat positive tests, compared with @entity851 alone. Extending the intervention to other primary care settings with low retesting rates should be considered.

title: Dual Intervention to Increase XXXX Retesting: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Three Populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short message service', 'SMS']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia', 'chlamydia']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['Chlamydia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the dosage, immunogenicity and safety profile of a novel @entity1082 ) types 16 and 18 bivalent vaccine produced by @entity526 . METHODS: This randomized, double-blinded, controlled phase 2 trial enrolled @entity1 aged 18-25 years in China. Totally 1600 eligible @entity1 were randomized to receive 90 g, 60 g, or 30 g of the recombinant @entity1799 /18 bivalent vaccine or the control hepatitis B vaccine on a 0, 1 and 6 month schedule. The designated doses are the combined micrograms of @entity1799 and 18 VLPs with dose ratio of 2:1. The immunogenicity of the vaccines was assessed by measuring anti-HPV 16 and 18 neutralizing antibodies and total IgG antibodies. Safety of the vaccine was assessed. RESULTS: All but one of the seronegative @entity1 who received 3 doses of the HPV vaccines seroconverted at month 7 for anti-HPV 16/18 neutralizing antibodies and IgG antibodies. For @entity1799 , the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of the neutralizing antibodies were similar between the 60 g (GMT=10,548) and 90 g (GMT=12,505) HPV vaccine groups and were significantly higher than those in the 30 g (GMT=7596) group. For HPV 18, the GMTs of the neutralizing antibodies were similar among the 3 groups. The HPV vaccine was well tolerated. No vaccine-associated serious adverse events were identified. CONCLUSION: The prokaryotic-expressed HPV vaccine is safe and immunogenic in @entity1 aged 18-25 years. The 60 g dosage formulation was selected for further investigation for efficacy. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01356823.

title: Immunogenicity and safety of an XXXX -produced bivalent @entity1799 and 18) vaccine: A randomized controlled phase 2 clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the dosage, immunogenicity and safety profile of a novel @entity1082 ) types 16 and 18 bivalent vaccine produced by @entity526 . METHODS: This randomized, double-blinded, controlled phase 2 trial enrolled @entity1 aged 18-25 years in China. Totally 1600 eligible @entity1 were randomized to receive 90 g, 60 g, or 30 g of the recombinant @entity1799 /18 bivalent vaccine or the control hepatitis B vaccine on a 0, 1 and 6 month schedule. The designated doses are the combined micrograms of @entity1799 and 18 VLPs with dose ratio of 2:1. The immunogenicity of the vaccines was assessed by measuring anti-HPV 16 and 18 neutralizing antibodies and total IgG antibodies. Safety of the vaccine was assessed. RESULTS: All but one of the seronegative @entity1 who received 3 doses of the HPV vaccines seroconverted at month 7 for anti-HPV 16/18 neutralizing antibodies and IgG antibodies. For @entity1799 , the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of the neutralizing antibodies were similar between the 60 g (GMT=10,548) and 90 g (GMT=12,505) HPV vaccine groups and were significantly higher than those in the 30 g (GMT=7596) group. For HPV 18, the GMTs of the neutralizing antibodies were similar among the 3 groups. The HPV vaccine was well tolerated. No vaccine-associated serious adverse events were identified. CONCLUSION: The prokaryotic-expressed HPV vaccine is safe and immunogenic in @entity1 aged 18-25 years. The 60 g dosage formulation was selected for further investigation for efficacy. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01356823.

title: Immunogenicity and safety of an @entity526 -produced bivalent XXXX and 18) vaccine: A randomized controlled phase 2 clinical trial.

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus (type 16']


abstract: Sixty-two @entity1 were treated by some combination of cryotherapy and surgery with an average follow-up of 3.3 years for one of the following diseases: focal or diffuse flat conjunctival primary acquired @entity1709 (PAM) with atypia but without a nodule of @entity320 (10 cases); unifocal @entity320 with or without focal or diffuse PAM (30 cases); and multinodular/multicentric @entity320 with and without PAM (22 cases). Of the ten @entity1 who had PAM with atypia, invasive nodules of @entity320 did not develop. A second treatment was required to control the disease in four of the ten @entity1 with extensive or diffuse lesions, and one has mild persistent disease. Of the 30 @entity1 with unifocal nodules of @entity320 , 27 remained free of recurrence after one treatment, and 2 are asymptomatic after two treatments. One @entity1 with a thick nodule at presentation required a parotidectomy and radical neck dissection for cervical @entity3 after recurrence in the conjunctival sac. In the group of 22 @entity1 with multinodular @entity320 , only two did not have recurrent disease after one treatment. Of those who received multiple therapies, seven remained free of recurrence for at least 2 years after the last treatment; regional or distant @entity3 developed in nine; four required exenteration; and eight died. Conjunctival adjunctive cryotherapy avoids exenteration in extensive lesions of pure PAM and in unifocal @entity320 , but even after multiple therapies, multinodular @entity320 had a 45% rate of @entity3 . @entity3 was related to the presence of PAM sine pigmento in four @entity1 (microscopically but not clinically detectable PAM); to the location of the nodules (9 of 10 @entity1 who experienced @entity3 had forniceal, @entity910 ); to the thickness or depth of invasion of the nodules (greater than 2 mm); and to the development of intralymphatic spread ("in-transit" local @entity3 ) within the conjunctival sac in six @entity1 . No @entity3 were encountered among @entity1 with strictly limbal nodules and among five @entity1 with invasive nodules composed of spindle cells in part or in toto. Therapeutic success in this spectrum of melanocytic proliferations is closely correlated with the clinical extent of the disease when initiating definitive therapy.

title: Cryotherapy for conjunctival primary acquired XXXX and @entity320 . Experience with 62 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['palpebral, and/or caruncular nodules']

entities_list: @entity1709 :: ('MESH:D008548', 'Disease') :: ['melanosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity1709 :: (MESH:D008548,Disease) :: ['melanosis']


abstract: Sixty-two @entity1 were treated by some combination of cryotherapy and surgery with an average follow-up of 3.3 years for one of the following diseases: focal or diffuse flat conjunctival primary acquired @entity1709 (PAM) with atypia but without a nodule of @entity320 (10 cases); unifocal @entity320 with or without focal or diffuse PAM (30 cases); and multinodular/multicentric @entity320 with and without PAM (22 cases). Of the ten @entity1 who had PAM with atypia, invasive nodules of @entity320 did not develop. A second treatment was required to control the disease in four of the ten @entity1 with extensive or diffuse lesions, and one has mild persistent disease. Of the 30 @entity1 with unifocal nodules of @entity320 , 27 remained free of recurrence after one treatment, and 2 are asymptomatic after two treatments. One @entity1 with a thick nodule at presentation required a parotidectomy and radical neck dissection for cervical @entity3 after recurrence in the conjunctival sac. In the group of 22 @entity1 with multinodular @entity320 , only two did not have recurrent disease after one treatment. Of those who received multiple therapies, seven remained free of recurrence for at least 2 years after the last treatment; regional or distant @entity3 developed in nine; four required exenteration; and eight died. Conjunctival adjunctive cryotherapy avoids exenteration in extensive lesions of pure PAM and in unifocal @entity320 , but even after multiple therapies, multinodular @entity320 had a 45% rate of @entity3 . @entity3 was related to the presence of PAM sine pigmento in four @entity1 (microscopically but not clinically detectable PAM); to the location of the nodules (9 of 10 @entity1 who experienced @entity3 had forniceal, @entity910 ); to the thickness or depth of invasion of the nodules (greater than 2 mm); and to the development of intralymphatic spread ("in-transit" local @entity3 ) within the conjunctival sac in six @entity1 . No @entity3 were encountered among @entity1 with strictly limbal nodules and among five @entity1 with invasive nodules composed of spindle cells in part or in toto. Therapeutic success in this spectrum of melanocytic proliferations is closely correlated with the clinical extent of the disease when initiating definitive therapy.

title: Cryotherapy for conjunctival primary acquired @entity1709 and XXXX . Experience with 62 cases.

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dissection of an artery is characterised by the separation of the layers of the arterial wall causing blood to flow within the wall. The incidence rates of @entity1580 (AoD) are increasing, despite falls in virtually all other manifestations of @entity65 , including @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). Dissections involving the ascending aorta (Type A) are a medical emergency and require urgent surgical repair. However, dissections of the descending aorta (Type B) are less lethal and require different clinical management whereby the @entity1 may not be offered surgery unless complicating factors are present. But how do we tell if a @entity1 will develop a complication later on? Currently, there is no consensus and the evidence base is limited. There is an opportunity for computational biomechanics to help clinicians decide as to which cases to repair and which to manage with blood pressure control. In this review article, we look at AoD from both the clinical and biomechanical perspective and discuss some of the recent computational studies of both Type A and B AoD. We then focus more on Type B where the real opportunity for @entity1 -specific modelling exists. Finally, we look ahead at some of the promising areas of research that may help clinicians improve the decision-making process surrounding Type B AoD.

title: Computational Biomechanics in XXXX : Today's Approaches and Tomorrow's Opportunities.

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['Thoracic Aortic Dissection']


abstract: The misuse and abuse of the psychostimulant, @entity2727 ( @entity14501 ) the drug of choice in the treatment of @entity71 ( @entity71 ) has seen a sharp uprising in recent years among both youth and adults for its cognitive enhancing effects and for recreational purposes. This uprise in illicit use has lead to many questions concerning the long-term consequences of @entity14501 exposure. The objective of this study was to record animal behavior concomitantly with the caudate nucleus (CN) neuronal activity following acute and repetitive (chronic) dose response exposure to @entity2727 ( @entity14501 ). A saline control and three @entity14501 dose (0.6, 2.5, and 10.0mg/kg) groups were used. Behaviorally, the same @entity14501 dose in some animals following chronic @entity14501 exposure elicited behavioral sensitization and other animals elicited behavioral tolerance. Based on this finding, the CN neuronal population recorded from animals expressing behavioral sensitization was also evaluated separately from CN neurons recorded from animals expressing behavioral tolerance to chronic @entity14501 exposure, respectively. Significant differences in CN neuronal population responses between the behaviorally sensitized and the behaviorally tolerant animals were observed for the 2.5 and 10.0mg/kg @entity14501 exposed groups. For 2.5mg/kg @entity14501 , behaviorally sensitized animals responded by decreasing their firing rates while behaviorally tolerant animals showed mainly an increase in their firing rates. The CN neuronal responses recorded from the behaviorally sensitized animals following 10.0mg/kg @entity14501 responded by increasing their firing rates whereas the CN neuronal recordings from the behaviorally tolerant animals showed that approximately half decreased their firing rates in response to 10.0mg/kg @entity14501 exposure. The comparison of percentage change in neuronal firing rates showed that the behaviorally tolerant animals trended to exhibit increases in their neuronal firing rates at ED1 following initial @entity14501 exposure and oppositely at ED10 @entity14501 rechallenge. While the behaviorally sensitized animals in general increased in their percentage change of firing @entity35 were observed following acute 10.0mg/kg @entity14501 and the behaviorally sensitized 10.0mg/kg @entity14501 animals and a robust increase in neuronal firing rates at ED1 and ED10 rechallenge. These results suggest the need to first individually analyze animal behavioral activity, and then to evaluate the neuronal responses to the drug based on the animals behavioral response to chronic @entity14501 exposure.

title: Caudate neuronal recording in freely behaving animals following acute and chronic dose response XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: The present study has been conducted to evaluate the eventual role of the platelet activating factor (PAF) in post-ischemic recovery of renal function, using @entity3766 , a PAF receptor antagonist, in the anesthetized @entity35 . In Groups 1 and 2, animals were maintained hydropenic (fractional excretion of @entity1372 less than 1%), while in Groups 3 and 4, studies were performed under extracellular expansion (0.9% @entity1219 , 5% of body weight), a procedure known to protect the kidney from @entity63 . Groups 1 and 3 (control animals) were untreated, whereas Groups 2 and 4 received an intravenous bolus of @entity3766 (3mg/kg), immediately before clearance studies. After three 20-minute control periods, the @entity8 was occluded during 30 minutes. Four consecutive 20-minute clearance periods were taken after the release of occlusion. In Groups 1 and 2, urine flow (UV) increased from 3.1 +/- 0.9 to 20.9 +/- 3.6 ml/min, and from 6.8 +/- 0.3 to 40.4 +/- 4.5 ml/min, respectively, from control to the last period of recovery. Glomerular filtration (GFR) recovered to 38% of control values, from 0.58 +/- 0.09 to 0.22 +/- 0.10 ml/min in Group 1, as opposed to Group 2, where GFR recovered to 69%, from 0.61 +/- 0.07 to 0.42 +/- 0.06 ml/min. Urinary @entity1372 (UNaV) increased from 0.3 +/- 0.1 to 3.0 +/- 0.9 microEq/min, and from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 6.0 +/- 0.7 microEq/min, in Groups 1 and 3. UV rose from 14.3 +/- 2.5 to 35.3 +/- 3.5 microliters/min, and from 14.2 +/- 2.1 to 68.6 +/- 9.3 microliters/min, in Groups 3 and 4, during the same periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Platelet activating factor antagonism with XXXX protects the kidney against @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['left renal artery']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

answer: @entity3766 :: (MESH:C045856,Chemical) :: ['BN52021']


abstract: The present study has been conducted to evaluate the eventual role of the platelet activating factor (PAF) in post-ischemic recovery of renal function, using @entity3766 , a PAF receptor antagonist, in the anesthetized @entity35 . In Groups 1 and 2, animals were maintained hydropenic (fractional excretion of @entity1372 less than 1%), while in Groups 3 and 4, studies were performed under extracellular expansion (0.9% @entity1219 , 5% of body weight), a procedure known to protect the kidney from @entity63 . Groups 1 and 3 (control animals) were untreated, whereas Groups 2 and 4 received an intravenous bolus of @entity3766 (3mg/kg), immediately before clearance studies. After three 20-minute control periods, the @entity8 was occluded during 30 minutes. Four consecutive 20-minute clearance periods were taken after the release of occlusion. In Groups 1 and 2, urine flow (UV) increased from 3.1 +/- 0.9 to 20.9 +/- 3.6 ml/min, and from 6.8 +/- 0.3 to 40.4 +/- 4.5 ml/min, respectively, from control to the last period of recovery. Glomerular filtration (GFR) recovered to 38% of control values, from 0.58 +/- 0.09 to 0.22 +/- 0.10 ml/min in Group 1, as opposed to Group 2, where GFR recovered to 69%, from 0.61 +/- 0.07 to 0.42 +/- 0.06 ml/min. Urinary @entity1372 (UNaV) increased from 0.3 +/- 0.1 to 3.0 +/- 0.9 microEq/min, and from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 6.0 +/- 0.7 microEq/min, in Groups 1 and 3. UV rose from 14.3 +/- 2.5 to 35.3 +/- 3.5 microliters/min, and from 14.2 +/- 2.1 to 68.6 +/- 9.3 microliters/min, in Groups 3 and 4, during the same periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Platelet activating factor antagonism with @entity3766 protects the kidney against XXXX .

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['acute ischemic injury']


abstract: From 1979 through 1986, 90 @entity1 required intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) due to @entity998 complicating open heart surgery. Preoperatively, functional class III or IV was present in 92%; in @entity1 with @entity453 (n = 54), three-vessel or left main disease was found in 72%; @entity1 with @entity340 (n = 37) generally had multiple surgical procedures or valve re-replacement performed. Intra-IABP mortality was 49% (n = 44) and 30-day mortality 61% (n = 55). The latter figure decreased from 75% in 1979-81 to 53% in 1985-86. Cumulative 5-year survival was 22%. Logistic regression analysis identified as independent predictors of 30 day mortality the necessity for adjuvant treatment with the more powerful "pressure drugs" @entity3044 / @entity1063 , number of @entity4289 , functional classes III-IV, and chronic @entity1002 . Different combinations of these risk factors identified different @entity1 groups with 30-day mortalities ranging from 100% to 0%. The risk factors reflected both @entity712 probably due to severe @entity63 and @entity454 due to advanced @entity66 . Taking the high-risk composition of the material into account, a 5-year survival of 22% cannot be regarded as discouraging. Continued employment of IABP treatment in open heart surgery, using an aggressive approach coupled with individualized inotropic support, seems justified.

title: Intraaortic balloon pumping in the treatment of XXXX following open heart surgery--immediate results and long-term prognosis.

entities_list: @entity4289 :: ('MESH:D054221', 'Disease') :: ['DC-defibrillations']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['chronic failure']

answer: @entity998 :: (MESH:D002303,Disease) :: ['low cardiac output']


abstract: @entity787 and TPA were studied in sera and in histologic specimens of 200 @entity1 with benign (77) or malignant (123) breast pathology. The frequency and expression of the two markers was different in benign and in @entity5 tissues. Histologic positivity and high levels of circulating markers were observed more frequently in @entity5 @entity1 than in @entity1 with benign disease. Tissue positivity for the two @entity5 markers did not always correlate with elevated levels of circulating markers. Positive @entity787 and TPA incidence was higher in tissue samples than in serum samples. In the @entity0 group, among 33 @entity1 with histologic positivity for @entity787 , only 5 cases had circulating @entity787 levels higher than 5 ng/ml; among 91 @entity1 with histologic positivity for TPA, only 45 cases showed circulating levels for TPA higher than 95 U/l. These findings confirm that @entity5 size, secretory characteristics and vascular supply are factors affecting the achievement of high circulating marker levels. Combined marker measurement in serum and tissues can provide more information about the presence of a given @entity5 marker. A limited evaluation of the prognostic meaning of the study of combined @entity787 and @entity865 in sera and in tissues was carried out during the follow-up of 60 evaluable @entity1 . Only 5 @entity1 had @entity5 relapses in the first 12 months from surgery; in 2 of 5 @entity1 TPA was positive initially and at the time of recurrence, in serum as well as in tissues. Circulating @entity787 gave negative findings in all relapsed @entity1 ; 2 of them showed weak positivity only in the histologic staining at the time of presentation.

title: Plasma and tissue XXXX and TPA markers in operable @entity0 . Preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['CEA']


abstract: @entity787 and TPA were studied in sera and in histologic specimens of 200 @entity1 with benign (77) or malignant (123) breast pathology. The frequency and expression of the two markers was different in benign and in @entity5 tissues. Histologic positivity and high levels of circulating markers were observed more frequently in @entity5 @entity1 than in @entity1 with benign disease. Tissue positivity for the two @entity5 markers did not always correlate with elevated levels of circulating markers. Positive @entity787 and TPA incidence was higher in tissue samples than in serum samples. In the @entity0 group, among 33 @entity1 with histologic positivity for @entity787 , only 5 cases had circulating @entity787 levels higher than 5 ng/ml; among 91 @entity1 with histologic positivity for TPA, only 45 cases showed circulating levels for TPA higher than 95 U/l. These findings confirm that @entity5 size, secretory characteristics and vascular supply are factors affecting the achievement of high circulating marker levels. Combined marker measurement in serum and tissues can provide more information about the presence of a given @entity5 marker. A limited evaluation of the prognostic meaning of the study of combined @entity787 and @entity865 in sera and in tissues was carried out during the follow-up of 60 evaluable @entity1 . Only 5 @entity1 had @entity5 relapses in the first 12 months from surgery; in 2 of 5 @entity1 TPA was positive initially and at the time of recurrence, in serum as well as in tissues. Circulating @entity787 gave negative findings in all relapsed @entity1 ; 2 of them showed weak positivity only in the histologic staining at the time of presentation.

title: Plasma and tissue @entity787 and TPA markers in operable XXXX . Preliminary results.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A retrospective analysis of 33 @entity1 with @entity7375 ( @entity7375 ) seen in S  o Paulo, Brazil, from 1976 to 1985 at a @entity1596 referral clinic revealed that @entity7375 represents 2.5% of the total @entity1596 cases seen. All cases were bilateral, 30% being @entity1 and 70% @entity1 . The ethnic distribution was the following: 60% white (with variable Indian or black extraction), 24% darkly pigmented, 9% Orientals (Sansei, third-generation Japanese) and 6% black. The frequency among Orientals was 7 times higher than what would be expected according to the relative frequency of Japanese in the Brazilian population. The age distribution at the onset of the disease was as follows: 12% less than 20 years of age, 60% between 20 and 40 years of age and 27% over 40 years of age. The disease was classified into 3 types with variable extraocular signs. @entity66 was present in 24% of the @entity1 , type II in 51% and @entity66 in 24% of the @entity1 . @entity231 was present in 40% of the cases and @entity726 was present in 9%. No correlation was found between sex, age at onset, race, type of extraocular involvement and number of extraocular manifestations in considering either visual status or visual prognosis. All @entity1 were treated with systemic @entity230 . Most of them also received cytotoxic immunosuppressive agents. In this uncontrolled clinical study cytotoxic drug-treated @entity1 seemed to have a better clinical course.

title: XXXX in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Type I disease', 'type III disease']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity7375 :: ('MESH:D014607', 'Disease') :: ['Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease', 'VKH disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity7375 :: (MESH:D014607,Disease) :: ['Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease']


abstract: Eighteen Holstein heifers were placed into groups of 3 according to projected calving date, prepartum BW, and prepartum condition score. Following parturition, animals within each group were assigned randomly to one of three diets and remained on the experiment for 45 d. Diets consisted of forage:concentrate ratios of 72:28, 53:47, or 73:27 (isocaloric to the 53:47 ratio by addition of 8% @entity1460 oil). Diets were fed twice daily as total mixed rations. Blood, rumen fluid, and adipose tissue were sampled at -7, 5, 20, and 45 d of lactation. Performance means were, respectively: @entity3918 intake (kg/d) 13.9, 14.9, and 12.4; milk (kg/d) 24.5, 25.8, and 18.6; milk fat (%) 3.77, 3.59, and 3.62; milk protein (%) 3.03, 2.99, and 3.11; body condition score (0 = thin, 5 = fat) 1.53, 1.87, and 1.99; and BW (kg) 514, 523, and 505. @entity291 fed @entity1460 oil had higher ruminal isoacids than those fed the other diets and higher @entity598 than @entity291 on the 53:47 diet. Diets had no effect on blood metabolites or activity of adipose @entity653 -P dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8). The @entity1460 oil diet reduced short-chain @entity1718 and increased long-chain @entity1718 in milk. Feed intake and milk production were highest for @entity291 receiving the 53:47 diet. As expected, animals on the 72:28 diet did not consume adequate energy to maintain high production which concurrently resulted in lower body condition scores.

title: Effect of dietary energy source and concentration on performance of dairy XXXX during early lactation.

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression pattern of microRNAs and mRNAs related to @entity32 in @entity2175 monocytes. DESIGN: A microRNA finding study on monocytes of @entity2175 @entity1 and controls using array profiling was followed by a quantitative Real Time PCR (qPCR) study on monocytes of an Ecuadorian validation cohort testing the top over/under-expressed microRNAs. In addition, monocytes of the validation cohort were tested for 24 @entity32 -related mRNAs and 2 microRNAs previously found deregulated in (auto)-inflammatory monocytes. RESULTS: In the finding study, 142 significantly differentially expressed microRNAs were identified, 15 having the strongest power to discriminate @entity2175 @entity1 from controls (sensitivity 66%, specificity 90%). However, differences in expression of these microRNAs between @entity1 and controls were small. On the basis of >1.4 or <0.6-fold change expression 5 microRNAs were selected for further validation. One microRNA (miR-34c-5p) was validated as significantly over-expressed in @entity2175 monocytes. In addition, we found over expression of 3 mRNAs ( @entity6460 , @entity21478 and @entity38963 ) in the validation cohort. These mRNAs are important for cell morphology, adhesion, shape change, and cell differentiation. Classical inflammatory genes (e.g. @entity4639 ) were only over-expressed in monocytes of @entity1 with normal serum lipids. Remarkably, in @entity2299 , there was a reduction in the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g. @entity23638 , @entity23022 and @entity3840 ). CONCLUSIONS: The expression profile of microRNAs/mRNAs in monocytes of @entity2175 @entity1 indicates an altered adhesion, differentiation, and shape change potential. Monocyte inflammatory activation was only found in @entity1 with normal serum lipids. Abnormal lipid values coincided with a reduced monocyte inflammatory state.

title: Type 2 Diabetes Monocyte MicroRNA and mRNA Expression: XXXX Associates with Increased Differentiation-Related Genes but Not Inflammatory Activation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['Dyslipidemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5032 ( @entity5032 ) has recently been shown to selectively target @entity5 cells with minimal effects on normal cells. We systematically assessed the effects of @entity5032 in the treatment of @entity463 . METHODS: Three @entity11 cell lines, normal astrocytes, and endothelial cell lines were treated with @entity5032 . The effects of @entity5032 were then characterized for viability, @entity137 /apoptosis, and cell cycle effects. Statistical significance was determined with student's t-test. RESULTS: @entity5032 treatment decreases viability of @entity11 cells in a dose dependent manner, with the ID50 between 90-120 seconds for all @entity11 cell lines. Treatment with @entity5032 for more than 120 seconds resulted in viability less than 35% at 24-hours posttreatment, with a steady decline to less than 20% at 72-hours. In contrast, the effect of @entity5032 on the viability of NHA and HUVEC was minimal, and importantly not significant at 90 to 120 seconds, with up to 85% of the cells remained viable at 72-hours post-treatment. @entity5032 treatment produces both cytotoxic and apoptotic effects with some variability between cell lines. @entity5032 treatment resulted in a G2/M-phase cell cycle pause in all three cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study determined a multi-focal effect of @entity5032 on @entity11 cells in vitro, which was not observed in the @entity5 cell lines. The decreased viability depended on the treatment duration and cell line, but overall was explained by the induction of @entity137 , apoptosis, and G2/M pause. Future studies will aim at further characterization with more complex pre-clinical models.

title: Differential Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma in the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5032 :: ('MESH:C569627', 'Disease') :: ['Cold atmospheric plasma', 'CAP']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'non-tumor']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Malignant Glioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multivariate biomarkers that can predict the effectiveness of targeted therapy in individual @entity1 are highly desired. Previous biomarker discovery studies have largely focused on the identification of single biomarker signatures, aimed at maximizing prediction accuracy. Here, we present a different approach that identifies multiple biomarkers by simultaneously optimizing their predictive power, number of features, and proximity to the drug target in a protein-protein interaction network. To this end, we incorporated NSGA-II, a fast and elitist multi-objective optimization algorithm that is based on the principle of Pareto optimality, into the biomarker discovery workflow. The method was applied to quantitative phosphoproteome data of 19 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cell lines from a previous biomarker study. The algorithm successfully identified a total of 77 candidate biomarker signatures predicting response to treatment with @entity8947 . Through filtering and similarity clustering, this set was trimmed to four final biomarker signatures, which then were validated on an independent set of @entity0 cell lines. All four candidates reached the same good prediction accuracy (83%) as the originally published biomarker. Although the newly discovered signatures were diverse in their composition and in their size, the central protein of the originally published signature - @entity23289 ( @entity23289 ) - was also present in all four Pareto signatures, confirming its pivotal role in predicting @entity8947 response in @entity1149 cell lines. In summary, the method presented here allows for a robust and simultaneous identification of multiple multivariate biomarkers that are optimized for prediction performance, size, and relevance.

title: Pareto Optimization Identifies Diverse Set of Phosphorylation Signatures Predicting Response to Treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity8947 :: (MESH:C488369,Chemical) :: ['Dasatinib']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity221 is an emerging zoonosis notified mainly in the Southeast of Brazil, especially due to its high level of lethality. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological and spatial pattern of the disease in the municipality of Valinhos (106,793 inhabitants), S  o Paulo, Southeastern region of Brazil, in the period between 2001 and 2012. METHODS: All laboratory-confirmed cases with likely site of @entity281 in the city (n = 49) notified in the Brazilian Case Registry Database were studied. Sites were geocoded using the cartographic base of the city and Google Earth (geographic coordinates) with correction according to the Brazilian Geodetic System. We used the Kernel estimator to analyze the density of the cases on the map. Land cover and distance to basins of all cases were analyzed. Information about tick species and primary hosts were obtained from reports of the Superintendence of Control of @entity66 . RESULTS: Seasonality of the disease was observed with the highest incidence from June to November, and in 2005 and 2011. The most affected groups were @entity1 (79.6%) aged 20-49 years old (49%). Lethality was found to be 42.9%. Maps showed the progressive registration of cases in the urban area. Capybaras were reported as the main primary host, and Amblyomma cajennense was identified in probable sites of @entity281 during field investigation. The likely sites of @entity281 were mostly located near basins, dirty pastures, and bordering woods. CONCLUSIONS: The transmission pattern of @entity221 in Valinhos is similar to that in other cities in the region, where capybara is the main primary host and an amplifier of @entity16736 . Over the years, a higher occurrence of cases has been identified in the urban area of the city.

title: Urbanization of XXXX in a municipality of the southeastern region: epidemiology and spatial distribution.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Endemic Diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Brazilian spotted fever']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Brazilian spotted fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor @entity39 factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( @entity2205 ) induces apoptosis of various normal and @entity5 cells. Apoptosis plays an important role in the development of @entity1797 ( @entity1797 ). AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine whether the @entity71157 polymorphism of the @entity2205 gene is associated with the increased risk and severity of @entity1797 in the Chinese Han population. METHODS: This study consisted of 312 @entity1 with @entity1797 and 196 healthy controls. The grade of @entity1797 was determined according to Schneiderman's classification for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: The genotype frequency of the @entity71157 polymorphism was in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p=0.278). @entity1 with @entity1797 had significantly lower frequencies of CT and TT genotypes compared with normal controls (p<0.001). In addition, a lower frequency of the T allele was found in @entity1 with @entity1797 than normal controls (p<0.001). Unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that CT and TT genotypes were both significantly associated with a reduced risk of @entity1797 compared with the CC genotype (p<0.001; odds ratio [OR] 0.327; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.217-0.493 and p<0.001; OR 0.393; 95% CI 0.234-0.661, respectively). Furthermore, the T allele was significantly associated with a decreased risk of @entity1797 compared with the C allele (p<0.001; OR 0.483; 95% CI 0.369-0.633). In addition, the CT and TT genotypes, as well as the T allele, were associated with lower degenerative grades of @entity1797 compared with the CC genotype and the C allele, respectively (p=0.008 and p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The @entity71157 polymorphism of @entity2205 may be adversely associated with the risk and severity of @entity1797 in the Chinese Han population.

title: Association of the Polymorphism of XXXX with the Risk and Severity of Lumbar Disc Degeneration in Chinese Han Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc degeneration', 'LDD', 'disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity2205 :: (8743,Gene) :: ['TRAIL']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The American Joint Committee on @entity5 (AJCC) has proposed the inclusion of pretreatment serum @entity787 ( @entity787 ) levels (C stage) into the conventional TNM staging system of @entity694 . The latter proposal has yet to be widely adopted because of the lack of long-term survival estimates of after C-stage incorporation into AJCC staging. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether long-term overall and cancer-specific survival is affected by inclusion of C stage into the standard AJCC TNM staging and to study the implications on survival estimates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We performed a retrospective study of all @entity1 diagnosed as having histologically proven @entity694 from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2005, from the National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We stratified each AJCC stage as C0 (normal) or C1 (elevated) based on the pretreatment serum @entity787 level. Median follow-up was 71 months. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Five-year estimates of overall and disease-specific survival and hazard ratios (HRs) for estimates of risk of overall and disease-specific mortality. RESULTS: A total of 16 619 @entity1 were evaluated, and of these, 8878 @entity1 had C0 disease and 7741 had C1 disease. C1 stage was independently associated with a 51% and 59% increased risk of overall (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.44-1.59; P   <   .001) and disease-specific mortality (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.49-1.69; P   <   . 001) at a median follow-up of 71 months. Analysis of survival of the AJCC stages subdivided as C0 or C1 revealed a significant worse prognosis of C1 AJCC stages compared with the respective C0 AJCC stages. The magnitude of change in survival was large enough to cause clustering of survival estimates of C1 vs C0 @entity5 across various AJCC stages. Analysis of @entity1 with @entity5 revealed that node-negative C1 disease was associated with prognosis similar or worse than node-positive C0 disease. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Inclusion of C stage into the AJCC TNM staging of @entity694 revealed significant differences dependent on C stage in terms of 5-year survival. C-stage inclusion resulted in substantial change in survival estimates, with C1 status portending a prognosis to certain stages similar to or worse than higher AJCC TNM stages with C0 status. We recommend routine pretreatment @entity787 testing as standard of care in @entity694 and use of C stage for multimodality treatment planning and risk stratification in prospective studies and randomized clinical trials.

title: Effect of Incorporation of Pretreatment Serum @entity787 Levels Into AJCC Staging for XXXX on 5-Year Survival.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'stage I, II, and III cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenocarcinoma', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The American Joint Committee on @entity5 (AJCC) has proposed the inclusion of pretreatment serum @entity787 ( @entity787 ) levels (C stage) into the conventional TNM staging system of @entity694 . The latter proposal has yet to be widely adopted because of the lack of long-term survival estimates of after C-stage incorporation into AJCC staging. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether long-term overall and cancer-specific survival is affected by inclusion of C stage into the standard AJCC TNM staging and to study the implications on survival estimates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We performed a retrospective study of all @entity1 diagnosed as having histologically proven @entity694 from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2005, from the National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We stratified each AJCC stage as C0 (normal) or C1 (elevated) based on the pretreatment serum @entity787 level. Median follow-up was 71 months. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Five-year estimates of overall and disease-specific survival and hazard ratios (HRs) for estimates of risk of overall and disease-specific mortality. RESULTS: A total of 16 619 @entity1 were evaluated, and of these, 8878 @entity1 had C0 disease and 7741 had C1 disease. C1 stage was independently associated with a 51% and 59% increased risk of overall (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.44-1.59; P   <   .001) and disease-specific mortality (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.49-1.69; P   <   . 001) at a median follow-up of 71 months. Analysis of survival of the AJCC stages subdivided as C0 or C1 revealed a significant worse prognosis of C1 AJCC stages compared with the respective C0 AJCC stages. The magnitude of change in survival was large enough to cause clustering of survival estimates of C1 vs C0 @entity5 across various AJCC stages. Analysis of @entity1 with @entity5 revealed that node-negative C1 disease was associated with prognosis similar or worse than node-positive C0 disease. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Inclusion of C stage into the AJCC TNM staging of @entity694 revealed significant differences dependent on C stage in terms of 5-year survival. C-stage inclusion resulted in substantial change in survival estimates, with C1 status portending a prognosis to certain stages similar to or worse than higher AJCC TNM stages with C0 status. We recommend routine pretreatment @entity787 testing as standard of care in @entity694 and use of C stage for multimodality treatment planning and risk stratification in prospective studies and randomized clinical trials.

title: Effect of Incorporation of Pretreatment Serum XXXX Levels Into AJCC Staging for @entity694 on 5-Year Survival.

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['Carcinoembryonic Antigen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the association of @entity2363 ( @entity2363 ) with @entity20831 ( @entity20831 ). DESIGN: Prospective, monocenter, cross-sectional case series. SUBJECTS: Sixteen @entity1 of 4 unrelated families with @entity20831 caused by mutations in @entity8111 . METHODS: All subjects underwent multimodal imaging including near-infrared (NIR) reflectance and fundus autofluorescence with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence, topographic distribution, and phenotype of @entity2363 . RESULTS: Mean age of the investigated @entity1 was 56.8 years (range, 23-78 years). @entity2363 were identified frequently in @entity20831 @entity1 in the sixth decade of life (5 of 7 [71%]) and were absent in younger (n = 3) or older (n = 6) @entity1 . They were most abundant in the superior quadrant and spared the foveal region. @entity2363 appeared as yellowish round to oval (dot subtype; n = 5) or confluent, wriggled (ribbon subtype; n = 3) lesions, sometimes forming irregular networks. @entity2363 were hyporeflective on NIR reflectance and hypofluorescent on fundus autofluorescence imaging. They appeared as subretinal deposits on SD OCT imaging. Other lesions, such as peripheral pseudodrusen and soft drusen, were present less frequently. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2363 are a frequent finding in @entity1 with @entity20831 . Although @entity20831 @entity1 with @entity2363 are younger, distribution and phenotype of @entity2363 are similar to those observed in @entity1 with age-related @entity1020 . The association of @entity2363 with @entity20831 implicates a role of Bruch's membrane, the Bruch's membrane-retinal pigment epithelium interface, or both in the pathogenesis of @entity2363 .

title: Reticular Pseudodrusen in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity20831 :: ('MESH:C564992', 'Disease') :: ['SFD', 'Sorsby fundus dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2363 :: ('MESH:C538361', 'Disease') :: ['reticular pseudodrusen', 'RPD', 'Reticular pseudodrusen']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity20831 :: (MESH:C564992,Disease) :: ['Sorsby Fundus  Dystrophy']


abstract: @entity1 over the age of 10 years can lose their fusion ability. This acquired disruption of fusion gives rise to intractable @entity892 without @entity1155 . An involuntary vertical bobbing movement of the non-fixing eye, present only with both eyes open, occurs at or near the angle of superimposition. This appears to be a unique and characteristic sign of acquired disruption of fusion and was present in all cases. Other causes of @entity892 are mentioned and differentiated. Acquired central fusion disruption usually results from serious @entity542 . Partial recovery may occur but is unlikely. Sensory deprivation of at least 3 1/2 years' duration due to @entity227 in one eye resulting from a traumatic @entity231 and sometimes subsequent uncorrected unilateral @entity4118 caused loss of fusion in 15 @entity1 . The practical implications with regard to intraocular lenses and unilateral @entity4118 is discussed. Less commonly, vascular, neoplastic and presumed inflammatory lesions in the mid-brain area cause central fusion disruption.

title: The loss of fusion in adults with intractable XXXX (central fusion disruption).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['poor vision']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['suppression']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity892 :: (MESH:D004172,Disease) :: ['diplopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reamed intramedullary nailing is the gold standard for management of femur @entity174 . Nailing within 24   h is proven to reduce complications from ongoing @entity548 , soft-tissue damage and @entity158 . However, when combined with @entity548 , femur @entity174 and intramedullary nailing are associated with immune-mediated damage to remote organs. We studied whether delaying @entity174 fixation until resuscitation was succeeding would lead to a significant @entity16 . METHODS: Twenty male @entity95 underwent closed femur @entity174 , @entity548 , resuscitation and either immediate nailing (group: ImmFix, n = 9), delayed nailing (group: DelFix, n = 8) or just splinting (group: NoFix, n = 3). @entity548 shock was maintained for 60   min. Resuscitation was with shed blood and Hartmann's solution. Animals were euthanized 8   h after fixation; the lungs and small bowel were scored histologically by two pathologists. RESULTS: Groups did not differ in weight, @entity548 volume or magnitude of shock. At 8   h, there was no difference in end-organ damage between ImmFix and DelFix groups (11.3    1.6 and 13.2    1.6 versus 8.1    1.3 and 12.9    1.1, P = 0.26 between groups). However, the NoFix group had significantly greater end-organ damage when compared with the fixation at any time groups (17.3    2.7 and 17.0    3.3 versus 9.8    1.1 and 13.1    1, P = 0.01 between groups). CONCLUSION: In this laboratory model, we have demonstrated that timely femur @entity174 fixation outweighs the potential harmful effects of surgery performed during @entity548 with simultaneous resuscitation. We have failed to demonstrate a difference between immediate and delayed fixation during resuscitation.

title: Influence of the timing of internal fixation of femur XXXX during shock resuscitation on remote organ damage.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Haemorrhagic', 'haemorrhagic shock', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in remote organ damage']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3243 is a rare disease. Conflicting results on prognostic factors and extent of surgical resection for @entity1 with @entity3243 have been made based on small sample sizes. A large, robust dataset is needed to help address some of the controversies. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity3243 in the National Cancer Data Base from 1985 to 2006 was performed. Characteristics of the cohort and type of treatment were evaluated. Prognostic factors were assessed with Cox proportional hazards regression models and 5- and 10-year OS rates were determined. RESULTS: There were 733 evaluable @entity1 with a mean age of 56.1      15.3  years (median 57, range 15-89) and mean @entity5 size of 29.6      18.4  mm (median 25.0  mm, range 10.0-150.0). @entity5 size, age at diagnosis, male sex, positive nodal status, and complete @entity5 resection had hazard ratios for death of 1.02 (1.01-1.02, p  <  0.0001), 1.06 (1.05-1.07, p  <  0.0001), 1.67 (1.24-2.25, p  =  0.0008), 1.25 (0.57-2.76, p  =  0.6), and 0.42 (0.22-0.81, p  =  0.01), respectively, on multivariable analysis. @entity1 who had removal of the @entity3243 with concomitant resection of adjacent organs had HR for death of 0.70 (0.35-1.41, p  =  0.3). The 5- and 10-year OS rates were 82.3 and 66  % respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 age, @entity5 size, and sex have modest effects on survival in @entity1 with @entity3243 . A staging system with prognostic value for @entity3243 should include at least these pertinent prognostic factors.

title: XXXX : An Update on Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Factors from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['Parathyroid carcinoma', 'parathyroid tumor', 'parathyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['Parathyroid Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate and early diagnosis of @entity234 ( @entity234 ) is a prerequisite for proper treatment and restricting disease propagation in @entity4759 foci. An @entity15277 antigen-based immunochromatographic test is now recommended for its diagnostic accuracy and operational feasibility at point of care. In @entity4759 regions of Bangladesh, @entity15277 or rKE16 antigen-based Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) are routinely performed on whole blood for diagnosis of @entity234 . However, manufacturer's instructions require use of serum. Therefore, we wanted to assess whether the diagnostic accuracy of these RDTs is as good on whole blood as on serum. METHODS: We evaluated and compared the sensitivity and specificity of five different commercially available RDTs on whole blood and on serum. We enrolled 30 @entity234 @entity1 , 35 @entity4759 healthy controls and 30 @entity378 ( @entity378 ) @entity1 in our study from Mymensingh, a hyper- @entity4759 region in Bangladesh. RESULTS: The sensitivity of all RDTs ranged between 96.67 % (95%CI: 82.72-99.44 %) and 100 % (95%CI: 96.34-100 %). The specificity ranged between 93.85 % (95%CI: 84.97-98.26 %) and 98.46 % (95%CI: 91.69-99.74 %), except for the Onsite leishmania Ab (Rev B) kit which showed markedly lower specificity (31.25-58.46 %). There was no significant difference in sensitivity and specificity between blood and serum. The Cohen kappa index (k >0.97) indicated excellent agreement. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude from the study that the use of blood for @entity138 in lieu of serum is appropriate for diagnosis of @entity234 in peripheral @entity4759 regions provided the manufacturer recommendations are followed and the @entity138 is of good quality.

title: A comparative evaluation of the performance of commercially available rapid immunochromatographic tests for the diagnosis of XXXX in Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['Visceral Leishmaniasis', 'VL']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']


abstract: Prosthetic posterior chamber intraocular lenses can abrade the @entity1539 pigmented epithelium, resulting in pigment dispersion, callus formation, and @entity1539 adhesions. To evaluate @entity1539 abrasion from intraocular lens materials, we developed an in vitro test and studied three materials: @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ), @entity1346 , and @entity4625 surface-modified by covalent binding of a hydrophilic polymer (surface-modified @entity4625 ). Each lens was rubbed 1,000 times on the posterior @entity1539 of pigmented @entity95 using a total force of 0.5 gram. Scanning electron micrographs of the abraded irides were scored using a subjective, nonparametric numerical scale. @entity4625 lenses removed @entity1539 epithelium completely, exposing underlying connective tissue. @entity1346 lenses damaged an area longer and narrower than the @entity4625 lens and also exposed connective tissue. Surface-modified @entity4625 lenses caused only slight surface damage, including flattening or breaking of protruding suspensory ligaments. The test conditions used cannot precisely mimic prolonged lens implantation in living subjects. Nevertheless, the results indicate that @entity1539 -lens interaction may be reduced in vivo by using a surface-modified @entity4625 lens. This hypothesis should be further verified by animal implantation studies.

title: Intraocular lens material evaluation by XXXX abrasion in vitro: a scanning electron microscope study.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate', 'PMMA', 'Polymethyl-methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone', 'silicone']

answer: @entity1539 :: (MESH:D007499,Disease) :: ['iris']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is now the most common cause of chronic @entity409 among @entity1 and adolescents in the developed world. @entity7727 , as a @entity5498 donor, recently has been demonstrated to exert its hepatoprotective effects through rectifying the genomic DNA hypomethylation state. However, whether betaine supplementation affects @entity33726 (m(6)A) mRNA methylation in @entity1561 is still unknown. We conducted the current study to investigate the effects of betaine supplementation during adolescence on high-fat diet-induced pathological changes in liver of @entity19 , and we further identified the effects of betaine supplementation on expression of the fat mass and @entity28 -associated gene ( @entity36233 ) and hepatic m(6)A mRNA methylation. Our results showed that betaine supplementation across adolescence significantly alleviated high-fat-induced @entity409 and morphology as well as ectopic fat accumulation. Surprisingly, no significant effects on serum TG and NEFA level, as well as fat mass, were observed in @entity19 supplemented with betaine. We also found that high-fat diet upregulated @entity50593 and FAS gene expression and downregulated @entity28985 and @entity65068 gene expression. However, these alterations were rectified by betaine supplementation. Moreover, an m(6)A hypomethylation state and increased @entity36233 expression were detected in @entity19 fed with high-fat diet, while betaine supplementation prevented these changes. Our results suggested that betaine supplementation during adolescence could protect @entity19 from high-fat-induced @entity1561 by decreasing de novo lipogenesis and increasing lipolysis. Furthermore, a novel @entity36233 -dependent function of m(6)A may involve in the hepatoprotective effects of betaine.

title: XXXX -dependent function of @entity33726 is involved in the hepatoprotective effects of betaine on adolescent @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of liver function', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity33726 :: ('MESH:C010223', 'Chemical') :: ['N6-methyladenosine']

answer: @entity36233 :: (26383(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['FTO']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is now the most common cause of chronic @entity409 among @entity1 and adolescents in the developed world. @entity7727 , as a @entity5498 donor, recently has been demonstrated to exert its hepatoprotective effects through rectifying the genomic DNA hypomethylation state. However, whether betaine supplementation affects @entity33726 (m(6)A) mRNA methylation in @entity1561 is still unknown. We conducted the current study to investigate the effects of betaine supplementation during adolescence on high-fat diet-induced pathological changes in liver of @entity19 , and we further identified the effects of betaine supplementation on expression of the fat mass and @entity28 -associated gene ( @entity36233 ) and hepatic m(6)A mRNA methylation. Our results showed that betaine supplementation across adolescence significantly alleviated high-fat-induced @entity409 and morphology as well as ectopic fat accumulation. Surprisingly, no significant effects on serum TG and NEFA level, as well as fat mass, were observed in @entity19 supplemented with betaine. We also found that high-fat diet upregulated @entity50593 and FAS gene expression and downregulated @entity28985 and @entity65068 gene expression. However, these alterations were rectified by betaine supplementation. Moreover, an m(6)A hypomethylation state and increased @entity36233 expression were detected in @entity19 fed with high-fat diet, while betaine supplementation prevented these changes. Our results suggested that betaine supplementation during adolescence could protect @entity19 from high-fat-induced @entity1561 by decreasing de novo lipogenesis and increasing lipolysis. Furthermore, a novel @entity36233 -dependent function of m(6)A may involve in the hepatoprotective effects of betaine.

title: @entity36233 -dependent function of XXXX is involved in the hepatoprotective effects of betaine on adolescent @entity19 .

answer: @entity33726 :: (MESH:C010223,Chemical) :: ['N6-methyladenosine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is now the most common cause of chronic @entity409 among @entity1 and adolescents in the developed world. @entity7727 , as a @entity5498 donor, recently has been demonstrated to exert its hepatoprotective effects through rectifying the genomic DNA hypomethylation state. However, whether betaine supplementation affects @entity33726 (m(6)A) mRNA methylation in @entity1561 is still unknown. We conducted the current study to investigate the effects of betaine supplementation during adolescence on high-fat diet-induced pathological changes in liver of @entity19 , and we further identified the effects of betaine supplementation on expression of the fat mass and @entity28 -associated gene ( @entity36233 ) and hepatic m(6)A mRNA methylation. Our results showed that betaine supplementation across adolescence significantly alleviated high-fat-induced @entity409 and morphology as well as ectopic fat accumulation. Surprisingly, no significant effects on serum TG and NEFA level, as well as fat mass, were observed in @entity19 supplemented with betaine. We also found that high-fat diet upregulated @entity50593 and FAS gene expression and downregulated @entity28985 and @entity65068 gene expression. However, these alterations were rectified by betaine supplementation. Moreover, an m(6)A hypomethylation state and increased @entity36233 expression were detected in @entity19 fed with high-fat diet, while betaine supplementation prevented these changes. Our results suggested that betaine supplementation during adolescence could protect @entity19 from high-fat-induced @entity1561 by decreasing de novo lipogenesis and increasing lipolysis. Furthermore, a novel @entity36233 -dependent function of m(6)A may involve in the hepatoprotective effects of betaine.

title: @entity36233 -dependent function of @entity33726 is involved in the hepatoprotective effects of betaine on adolescent XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Photostress recovery time was measured in 30 eyes from 15 @entity1 with @entity1538 , and 30 eyes from 15 individuals of a similar age group with no @entity74 . The average recovery time in @entity1 with @entity726 was 70.47 (SD 35.39) seconds. The average recovery time in the control population was 41.97 (SD 17.34) seconds. This difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). There was a small positive correlation between age and recovery time in the control population, whereas there was no correlation between age and recovery time in the @entity726 group. There was no correlation between visual acuity and recovery time for either group. There was also no correlation between intraocular pressure and recovery time for the @entity726 group. It was not possible to control for @entity384 in this study. However, it has been previously demonstrated that pharmacological meiosis will not delay photostress recovery time in normal subjects. This is the first report of photostress recovery testing in @entity1 with @entity1538 . The results are discussed in terms of the pathophysiology of @entity726 and previous photostress studies in @entity1 with @entity1020 .

title: Photostress recovery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['chronic open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary dilatation']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmological disorder']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular disease']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['chronic open angle glaucoma']