abstract: Cardiovascular safety of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is of worldwide concern. @entity2247 inhibitors and NSAIDs act by inhibiting @entity1426 metabolism to @entity2918 . They confer a cardiovascular hazard manifested as an elevated risk of @entity583 . Mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular effects are uncertain. Here we determine whether interference with @entity3901 ( @entity3901 ) or @entity2247 through pharmacologic blockade or silencing RNA impacts expression of scavenger receptor @entity4210 and scavenger receptor A, both involved in @entity165 uptake in monocytes and macrophages. @entity1357 @entity1 monocytes and @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to @entity12698 , a @entity2247 selective inhibitor currently in clinical use, and to @entity25386 (AACOCF3), an @entity1426 analog that selectively inhibits @entity3901 . @entity12698 and AACOCF3 each upregulated expression of @entity4210 , but not scavenger receptor A, as determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Silencing of @entity3901 or @entity2247 had comparable effects to pharmacologic treatments. Oil red O staining revealed a profound increase in foam cell transformation of @entity1357 macrophages exposed to either @entity12698 or AACOCF3 (both 25  M), supporting a role for the COX pathway in maintaining macrophage @entity165 homeostasis. Demonstration of disrupted @entity165 balance by AACOCF3 and @entity12698 provides further evidence of the possible mechanism by which COX inhibition may promote lipid overload leading to @entity75 formation and increased cardiovascular events.

title: @entity2247 inhibition and inhibition of @entity3901 increase XXXX expression and foam cell formation in @entity1357 cells.

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity3901 :: ('5321', 'Gene') :: ['cPLA-2', 'cytosolic phospholipase A2']

entities_list: @entity25386 :: ('MESH:C081565', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone']

answer: @entity4210 :: (948,Gene) :: ['CD36']


abstract: Cardiovascular safety of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is of worldwide concern. @entity2247 inhibitors and NSAIDs act by inhibiting @entity1426 metabolism to @entity2918 . They confer a cardiovascular hazard manifested as an elevated risk of @entity583 . Mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular effects are uncertain. Here we determine whether interference with @entity3901 ( @entity3901 ) or @entity2247 through pharmacologic blockade or silencing RNA impacts expression of scavenger receptor @entity4210 and scavenger receptor A, both involved in @entity165 uptake in monocytes and macrophages. @entity1357 @entity1 monocytes and @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to @entity12698 , a @entity2247 selective inhibitor currently in clinical use, and to @entity25386 (AACOCF3), an @entity1426 analog that selectively inhibits @entity3901 . @entity12698 and AACOCF3 each upregulated expression of @entity4210 , but not scavenger receptor A, as determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Silencing of @entity3901 or @entity2247 had comparable effects to pharmacologic treatments. Oil red O staining revealed a profound increase in foam cell transformation of @entity1357 macrophages exposed to either @entity12698 or AACOCF3 (both 25  M), supporting a role for the COX pathway in maintaining macrophage @entity165 homeostasis. Demonstration of disrupted @entity165 balance by AACOCF3 and @entity12698 provides further evidence of the possible mechanism by which COX inhibition may promote lipid overload leading to @entity75 formation and increased cardiovascular events.

title: XXXX inhibition and inhibition of @entity3901 increase @entity4210 expression and foam cell formation in @entity1357 cells.

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: Cardiovascular safety of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is of worldwide concern. @entity2247 inhibitors and NSAIDs act by inhibiting @entity1426 metabolism to @entity2918 . They confer a cardiovascular hazard manifested as an elevated risk of @entity583 . Mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular effects are uncertain. Here we determine whether interference with @entity3901 ( @entity3901 ) or @entity2247 through pharmacologic blockade or silencing RNA impacts expression of scavenger receptor @entity4210 and scavenger receptor A, both involved in @entity165 uptake in monocytes and macrophages. @entity1357 @entity1 monocytes and @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to @entity12698 , a @entity2247 selective inhibitor currently in clinical use, and to @entity25386 (AACOCF3), an @entity1426 analog that selectively inhibits @entity3901 . @entity12698 and AACOCF3 each upregulated expression of @entity4210 , but not scavenger receptor A, as determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Silencing of @entity3901 or @entity2247 had comparable effects to pharmacologic treatments. Oil red O staining revealed a profound increase in foam cell transformation of @entity1357 macrophages exposed to either @entity12698 or AACOCF3 (both 25  M), supporting a role for the COX pathway in maintaining macrophage @entity165 homeostasis. Demonstration of disrupted @entity165 balance by AACOCF3 and @entity12698 provides further evidence of the possible mechanism by which COX inhibition may promote lipid overload leading to @entity75 formation and increased cardiovascular events.

title: @entity2247 inhibition and inhibition of @entity3901 increase @entity4210 expression and foam cell formation in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity1357 :: (2736,Gene) :: ['THP-1']


abstract: Cardiovascular safety of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is of worldwide concern. @entity2247 inhibitors and NSAIDs act by inhibiting @entity1426 metabolism to @entity2918 . They confer a cardiovascular hazard manifested as an elevated risk of @entity583 . Mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular effects are uncertain. Here we determine whether interference with @entity3901 ( @entity3901 ) or @entity2247 through pharmacologic blockade or silencing RNA impacts expression of scavenger receptor @entity4210 and scavenger receptor A, both involved in @entity165 uptake in monocytes and macrophages. @entity1357 @entity1 monocytes and @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to @entity12698 , a @entity2247 selective inhibitor currently in clinical use, and to @entity25386 (AACOCF3), an @entity1426 analog that selectively inhibits @entity3901 . @entity12698 and AACOCF3 each upregulated expression of @entity4210 , but not scavenger receptor A, as determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Silencing of @entity3901 or @entity2247 had comparable effects to pharmacologic treatments. Oil red O staining revealed a profound increase in foam cell transformation of @entity1357 macrophages exposed to either @entity12698 or AACOCF3 (both 25  M), supporting a role for the COX pathway in maintaining macrophage @entity165 homeostasis. Demonstration of disrupted @entity165 balance by AACOCF3 and @entity12698 provides further evidence of the possible mechanism by which COX inhibition may promote lipid overload leading to @entity75 formation and increased cardiovascular events.

title: @entity2247 inhibition and inhibition of XXXX increase @entity4210 expression and foam cell formation in @entity1357 cells.

answer: @entity3901 :: (5321,Gene) :: ['cytosolic phospholipase A2']


abstract: Transthoracic and extrathoracic @entity5 of the lower esophagus and @entity418 each have advantages and drawbacks; the trauma of thoracotomy must be balanced against that of blunt mediastinal extraction of the esophagus. A different surgical approach is proposed in this paper, avoiding both thoracotomy and encroachment upon thoracic mediastinal structures. This technique is based on the @entity5 and the esophageal mucosa above it as a distinct anatomic layer by blunt dissection through separate abdominal and neck incisions. This is followed by pulling upward a segment of stomach (or colon) through the esophageal muscular tunnel into the neck for a cervical @entity254 . This endoesophageal pull through (EEPT) approach has been used in the surgical treatment of a total of ten @entity1 , six with @entity420 of the @entity418 and four with @entity957 of the lower esophagus. In nine @entity1 the stomach, and in one @entity1 the left colon, was brought to the neck to reestablish gastrointestinal (GI) continuity. The operation was well tolerated. There was no excessive @entity86 , and there was no in-hospital mortality up to 30 days. The major postoperative complication was cervical @entity834 seen in four @entity1 . The EEPT technique is a palliative approach for @entity5 of the lower esophagus and @entity418 , comparing favorably with the standard extrathoracic or transthoracic transhiatal procedures.

title: Endoesophageal pull through. A technique for the treatment of @entity5 of the XXXX and lower esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumor', 'cancers', 'approaches to cancers']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative or postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['cardia']


abstract: Transthoracic and extrathoracic @entity5 of the lower esophagus and @entity418 each have advantages and drawbacks; the trauma of thoracotomy must be balanced against that of blunt mediastinal extraction of the esophagus. A different surgical approach is proposed in this paper, avoiding both thoracotomy and encroachment upon thoracic mediastinal structures. This technique is based on the @entity5 and the esophageal mucosa above it as a distinct anatomic layer by blunt dissection through separate abdominal and neck incisions. This is followed by pulling upward a segment of stomach (or colon) through the esophageal muscular tunnel into the neck for a cervical @entity254 . This endoesophageal pull through (EEPT) approach has been used in the surgical treatment of a total of ten @entity1 , six with @entity420 of the @entity418 and four with @entity957 of the lower esophagus. In nine @entity1 the stomach, and in one @entity1 the left colon, was brought to the neck to reestablish gastrointestinal (GI) continuity. The operation was well tolerated. There was no excessive @entity86 , and there was no in-hospital mortality up to 30 days. The major postoperative complication was cervical @entity834 seen in four @entity1 . The EEPT technique is a palliative approach for @entity5 of the lower esophagus and @entity418 , comparing favorably with the standard extrathoracic or transthoracic transhiatal procedures.

title: Endoesophageal pull through. A technique for the treatment of XXXX of the @entity418 and lower esophagus.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Esophageal manometry utilizes water swallows to evaluate esophageal @entity4681 in @entity1 with @entity1282 , @entity662 , or reflux symptoms. Although manometry is the gold standard for evaluation of these symptoms, @entity1 with @entity1282 often have normal results in manometry studies. AIM: The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that challenging the esophagus with viscous apple sauce boluses uncovers @entity4681 in @entity1 with @entity1282 not seen when using water swallows. METHODS: High-resolution esophageal manometry was performed using ten water swallows followed by ten apple sauce swallows in consecutive subjects presenting with @entity1282 . Subjects with grossly abnormal water swallow evaluations were excluded. Each swallow was categorized as normal, @entity551 (distal isobaric contour plots of < 30 mmHg over >5 cm), or simultaneous (distal esophageal velocity >=  8.0 cm/s). Ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) was defined as >=  30% @entity551 swallows, and pressurization was defined as >=  20% simultaneous pressure waves. RESULTS: Data from 41 subjects was evaluated. Overall, 96.3% of water swallows were normal, 2.9% @entity551 , and 0.7% simultaneous. Only 70.3% of viscous swallows were normal; 16.7% were @entity551 and 13.0% were simultaneous (P < 0.001 all groups). Seven (17.1%) met criteria for IEM, and pressurization with viscous swallows was observed for nine (22.0%). Fourteen subjects (34.1%) had abnormal results from viscous studies. The presence of any abnormal water swallows was predictive of abnormal viscous swallows (OR = 9.00, CI = 2.15-80.0), although the presence of @entity551 or simultaneous water swallows was not associated with IEM (OR = 0.63, CI = 0.16-2.17) or pressurization (OR = 7.00, CI = 0.90-315.4) with viscous apple sauce. CONCLUSIONS: Apple sauce challenge increased identification of classifiable @entity1957 in @entity1 with @entity1282 and may be preferred to alternative bolus materials.

title: Apple sauce improves detection of esophageal motor dysfunction during high-resolution manometry evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor disorders']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: @entity1511 can be life-threatening for elderly @entity1 . To discuss the characteristics of the disease in the elderly, medical records of 103 consecutive cases of @entity1511 were reviewed. Of these, 45 cases were 65 years of age or older, and these 45 cases were enrolled into further study. In this study, the proportion of elderly @entity1 among the total number with @entity1511 was 43.7%, and this figure has increased with the passing of time as follows: 37.5% (1988-1993), 44.4% (1994-1999), and 55.5% (2000-2005). The microorganisms were isolated in 16 cases: @entity794 in 13 cases (including @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 in nine) and others in three. Twenty-five @entity1 had associated diseases: @entity6 in 18 @entity1 and @entity5 in seven. Thirty @entity1 were treated conservatively, and 15 @entity1 underwent surgery. Twenty-six @entity1 had @entity912 . All 15 @entity1 treated surgically, and eight of the 11 @entity1 treated conservatively showed improvement in @entity912 . Bone union was achieved in all cases except one. Our results indicate that a good outcome can be expected from conservative treatment in elderly @entity1 as well as the young.

title: XXXX in the elderly: a report from Japan with the most aging society.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic spondylitis', 'Pyogenic spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1511 :: (MESH:D013166,Disease) :: ['Pyogenic spondylitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation of the mean and minimal apparent diffusion coefficient values (ADC(mean) , ADC(minimal) ) and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings with prognostic factors in @entity513 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 107 @entity1 with @entity3 underwent breast MRI. The ADC(mean) and ADC(minimal) of the @entity5 were computed. MRI findings were retrospectively evaluated according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon: mass or nonmass type, mass shape, mass margin, nonmass distribution, and enhancement pattern. Histological records were reviewed for @entity5 size, lymph node @entity3 , histologic grade, and expression of @entity172 receptors (ER), @entity1420 receptors (PR), @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ), Ki-67, and @entity470 ( @entity470 ). Correlations of ADC values and MR findings with prognostic factors were determined using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The mean ADC(minimal) was 0.78    0.24 (  10      mm   /s), and the mean ADC(mean) was 1.01    0.23 (  10      mm   /s). There was a significant correlation of the ADC(mean) value with ER expression (P = 0.027) and @entity1722 expression (P = 0.018). There was no significant relationship between ADC(minimal) and prognostic factors or between ADC(mean) and traditional prognostic factors, PR, Ki-67 and @entity470 . The majority of the mass type lesions were less than 5 cm in size and the majority of nonmass type lesions were more than 2 cm in size (P = 0.022). The margin of mass was significantly associated with lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.031), ER expression (P = 0.013), PR expression (P = 0.036), @entity1722 expression (P = 0.019), and EGRF expression (P = 0.041). The rim internal enhancement was significantly correlated with Ki-67 expression (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The low ADC(mean) value was related to positive expression of ER and negative expression of @entity1722 . A spiculated margin was related to a good prognosis, but rim enhancement was associated with a poor prognosis.

title: Correlation of the apparent diffusion coefficient value and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging findings with prognostic factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptors', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'invasive ductal cancer']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity6865 ( @entity6865 ) of the knee is an extremely difficult problem to treat. This study examined the possible relationship between isolated @entity128 (IPBSN) and the etiology and natural course of @entity6865 . Thirty-five @entity1 with clinically significant sympathetic dystrophy of the knee were examined retrospectively. All @entity1 (100%) had clinical evidence of insult to the IPBSN. Thirty-three @entity1 (94%) were found to have vasomotor instability as measured by isolated cold stress testing (ICST). All @entity1 in this population of 33 were treated with vasoactive therapies. Subjective improvement was noted in 20 @entity1 (p = NS). Initial ICSTs of improved and unimproved @entity1 were compared. Baseline temperatures were significantly warmer in @entity1 who improved with therapy (p less than 0.05), and a warmer trend was evident throughout all phases of the test in those who improved compared with those who did not. Eighty percent of @entity1 treated within 1 year improved with one or more vasoactive therapies, whereas only 44 percent improved when treatment was started after 1 year, indicating a significant population difference (p less than 0.05).

title: XXXX of the knee after sensory nerve injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['RSD', 'Reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

answer: @entity6865 :: (MESH:D012019,Disease) :: ['Reflex sympathetic dystrophy']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) versus placebo with or without @entity1499 , in treating @entity309 . DESIGN: Comparative effectiveness analysis using an indirect treatment comparison (ITC) method in a Bayesian framework. @entity1 : Adults with @entity309 who had been enrolled in @entity23 ( @entity23 ) and had never failed biologic DMARD therapy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Two random-effects logistic regression models, representing 6 and 12 months of treatment, were created using @entity23 identified in a literature search. Twenty-three @entity23 (11,589 @entity1 ) were included in the 6-month model and 10 @entity23 (6051 @entity1 ) in the 12-month model. Nine biologic DMARDs in five therapeutic drug classes were included in the 6-month model, and six biologic DMARDs in three classes were included in the 12-month model. Our efficacy end point was the American College of Rheumatology 50% improvement criteria. In the 6-month model, all biologic DMARDs and @entity1499 were significantly more efficacious than placebo and ranked in the following order: certolizumab (median log odds ratio [OR] 2.6), tocilizumab (1.7), rituximab (1.6), infliximab (1.6), etanercept (1.4), adalimumab (1.4), golimumab (1.4), abatacept (1.2), anakinra (1.0), and @entity1499 (0.8). Of 45 pairwise comparisons, certolizumab was significantly more efficacious than @entity1499 , but no other comparisons were significant. The rank order in the 12-month analysis was certolizumab (median log OR 2.0), @entity2408 (2.0), adalimumab (1.4), infliximab (1.4), etanercept (0.9), abatacept (0.6), and @entity1499 (0.8). Of the 21 pairwise comparisons, none were significant. The results of the model using therapeutic class revealed that each class was more efficacious than placebo. In pairwise comparisons, each class was more efficacious than @entity1499 , but none was more efficacious than another. CONCLUSION: Use of emerging ITC methods enabled us to compare the efficacy of biologic DMARDs for the treatment of @entity309 in the absence of direct head-to-head comparison trials. Our methods enabled us to rank order these treatments. Further analyses by drug and by therapeutic class suggest that biologic DMARDs are similarly efficacious.

title: Effectiveness of biologic therapies for XXXX : an indirect comparisons approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity2408 :: ('CHEBI:64357', 'Chemical') :: ['rituximab']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is a @entity272 resulting in a profound deterioration in quality of life. The FSL   is a newly developed phototherapy device generating full-spectrum light (FSL) with a continuous wavelength (320-5000 nm). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FSL   phototherapy in @entity483 . METHODS: We enrolled 38 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity483 in this open, randomized, controlled, prospective study. In the FSL-irradiated group (20 @entity1 ), irradiation was conducted twice per week for 4 consecutive weeks. In the control group (18 @entity1 ), only emollient application was allowed. SCORing @entity1097 (SCORAD) values were obtained at baseline, week 4 and 8. @entity1 were asked to give subjective assessments of improvement and laboratory tests including serum eosinophil counts, ECP levels, IgE levels and 22 cytokine levels were performed. RESULTS: In the FSL-irradiated group, the mean SCORAD value decreased significantly after 4 weeks of phototherapy and remained reduced for a further 4 weeks after the cessation of treatment. In the control group, the mean SCORAD value did not change significantly over the study period. @entity1 ' subjective assessments indicated good to excellent responses in 75% of the FSL-irradiated group, by contrast with 50% of the control group. The mean values for serum eosinophil counts, @entity3646 and @entity225 levels decreased significantly after FLS phototherapy. No serious adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we showed that FSL   phototherapy can be an effective and safe treatment option in @entity483 .

title: Full-spectrum light phototherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic Dermatis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['chronic skin disease']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: As part of a large-scale investigation of @entity14 incidence, etiology, and survival, a case-control study was conducted to identify whether diet and @entity167 , among other variables, were associated with the risk of @entity14 . This study compared 715 cases with 727 age- and sex-matched community controls. Findings from the dietary data are presented in the previous paper (Nutr Cancer 9, 21-42, 1987). The total life intake of specific alcoholic beverages was obtained from each subject. Data were classified by consumption of beer, wine, spirits, and @entity167 . There was little evidence of an association of any of the @entity167 variables with the risk of @entity694 . However, beer was found to be a risk factor for @entity5 . This effect was more marked in males than in females, but the relative risks for females were consistent with those for males. Relative risk estimates changed only slightly when adjusted for the other @entity167 variables and for the variables in the diet model; this suggests that the beer effect is separate from that of other @entity167 variables and also from dietary variables. The age differences among beer consumers were found to be associated with @entity5 risk. Consumption of spirits was associated with a low risk for @entity2675 . The risk of @entity5 appeared to depend on beer drinking patterns in the previous 15-20 years.

title: Case-control study of alcoholic beverages as etiological factors: the Melbourne XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['male rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: Nine cases of severe @entity551 or @entity204 compatible with @entity137 ( @entity137 ) as a complication of @entity683 and @entity221 were identified in Minnesota with onsets between Jan 2, 1986, and Feb 23, 1986, in which five of the @entity1 died. During this time, an @entity683 outbreak was occurring in the state. Cultures of respiratory secretions were performed in eight @entity1 ; @entity794 was isolated from all of them. Seven @entity794 isolates were available for determination of exotoxin production; five isolates produced @entity137 toxin-1, one produced enterotoxin B, and one produced both. Acute @entity2623 was confirmed in three of four @entity1 for whom throat cultures or acute and convalescent serum samples were available. Two @entity1 fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control-confirmed case definition for @entity137 . Four additional @entity1 fulfilled the CDC criteria for a probable case of @entity137 , and @entity137 was a likely diagnosis in the remaining three @entity1 . The initial presentation was suggestive of nonsuppurative @entity6062 or @entity5131 in eight @entity1 . In the remaining @entity1 , the initial clinical presentation was compatible with @entity3615 . This report demonstrates that @entity137 can occur as a complication of @entity683 and @entity221 .

title: XXXX . A newly recognized complication of @entity683 and @entity221 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5131 :: ('MESH:D011024', 'Disease') :: ['viral pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TSS', 'toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6062 :: ('MESH:D014136', 'Disease') :: ['tracheitis']

entities_list: @entity3615 :: ('MESH:D011023', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity2623 :: ('MESH:C531629', 'Disease') :: ['influenza B infection']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['influenzalike illness']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxic shock syndrome']


abstract: Nine cases of severe @entity551 or @entity204 compatible with @entity137 ( @entity137 ) as a complication of @entity683 and @entity221 were identified in Minnesota with onsets between Jan 2, 1986, and Feb 23, 1986, in which five of the @entity1 died. During this time, an @entity683 outbreak was occurring in the state. Cultures of respiratory secretions were performed in eight @entity1 ; @entity794 was isolated from all of them. Seven @entity794 isolates were available for determination of exotoxin production; five isolates produced @entity137 toxin-1, one produced enterotoxin B, and one produced both. Acute @entity2623 was confirmed in three of four @entity1 for whom throat cultures or acute and convalescent serum samples were available. Two @entity1 fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control-confirmed case definition for @entity137 . Four additional @entity1 fulfilled the CDC criteria for a probable case of @entity137 , and @entity137 was a likely diagnosis in the remaining three @entity1 . The initial presentation was suggestive of nonsuppurative @entity6062 or @entity5131 in eight @entity1 . In the remaining @entity1 , the initial clinical presentation was compatible with @entity3615 . This report demonstrates that @entity137 can occur as a complication of @entity683 and @entity221 .

title: @entity137 . A newly recognized complication of @entity683 and XXXX .

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['influenzalike illness']


abstract: Nine cases of severe @entity551 or @entity204 compatible with @entity137 ( @entity137 ) as a complication of @entity683 and @entity221 were identified in Minnesota with onsets between Jan 2, 1986, and Feb 23, 1986, in which five of the @entity1 died. During this time, an @entity683 outbreak was occurring in the state. Cultures of respiratory secretions were performed in eight @entity1 ; @entity794 was isolated from all of them. Seven @entity794 isolates were available for determination of exotoxin production; five isolates produced @entity137 toxin-1, one produced enterotoxin B, and one produced both. Acute @entity2623 was confirmed in three of four @entity1 for whom throat cultures or acute and convalescent serum samples were available. Two @entity1 fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control-confirmed case definition for @entity137 . Four additional @entity1 fulfilled the CDC criteria for a probable case of @entity137 , and @entity137 was a likely diagnosis in the remaining three @entity1 . The initial presentation was suggestive of nonsuppurative @entity6062 or @entity5131 in eight @entity1 . In the remaining @entity1 , the initial clinical presentation was compatible with @entity3615 . This report demonstrates that @entity137 can occur as a complication of @entity683 and @entity221 .

title: @entity137 . A newly recognized complication of XXXX and @entity221 .

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Several modifications of the Fontan principle are currently applied to the treatment of @entity1145 with low mortality. The use of these modifications in other @entity600 has most frequently been associated with less satisfactory results. At our institution, from June 1977 to October 1986, 35 consecutive @entity1 , whose ages ranged from 8 months to 20 years (median age 3.4 years), underwent a modified Fontan procedure. Twenty @entity1 with a median age of 3.2 years (group I) having @entity1145 (16 @entity1 ) or @entity2150 right @entity299 (four @entity1 ) were treated by means of a right @entity358 (12 @entity1 ) or right atrium-subpulmonary chamber connection (eight @entity1 ). Fifteen @entity1 (group II) with a median age of 3.6 years, having a single left ventricle (10 @entity1 ), left @entity340 or @entity1146 (three @entity1 ), or double-outlet right ventricle (two @entity1 ), underwent right @entity358 , together with a repositioning of the atrial septum to the right of the right atrioventricular valve, which thus left intact the inlet to the ventricle(s). The operative mortality rate was 25% in group I and 0% in group II. One @entity1 in group I and one in group II died late postoperatively. All the 28 survivors are free of symptoms 3 months to 9 years after correction. According to our results, low risk can be associated with modified Fontan procedures in the treatment of @entity4297 other than tricuspid or @entity1146 . Preserving the integrity of the entire inlet to the ventricle(s) by repositioning the interatrial septum, as done in group II @entity600 , might be helpful in improving the quality of the repair.

title: XXXX . Comparison of results with a modified Fontan procedure.

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['atrium-pulmonary artery anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia', 'atresia']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['complex heart malformations']

answer: @entity1145 :: (MESH:D018785,Disease) :: ['Tricuspid atresia versus other complex lesions']


abstract: We studied the effects of a single exercise session on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and on postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPLA) and hepatic @entity412 hydrolase activities (HTGLA) in 11 trained (T) and ten untrained (UT) @entity1 . Subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 80% of their maximal heart rate for one (UT) or two hours (T). Blood samples were drawn 24 hours before and at ten minutes and 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise. Values were analyzed before and after adjustment for estimated changes in @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ). High density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) increased 2 +/- 4 mg/dL in T (P less than 0.05) and 1 +/- 2 mg/dL in UT subjects beginning 48 hours after exercise. This increase was magnified by adjusting for the 5% to 8% postexercise expansion of @entity8450 . The increase in HDL in the T subjects was produced by increases in the @entity9477 -C subfraction (+3 +/- 4 mg/dL, P less than 0.05) whereas @entity9478 increased in the UT @entity1 (+2 +/- 3 mg/dL, P less than 0.05). LPLA did not change in either subject group when estimated @entity8450 changes were ignored but increased 11% (P less than 0.05) at 24 hours after exercise when @entity8450 was considered. HTGLA was 11% below baseline in the UT @entity1 24 to 72 hours after exercise (P less than 0.05) but showed no change in either subject group after adjustment for @entity8450 . These results demonstrate that exercise acutely increases HDL levels by raising the @entity9477 subfraction in T and the @entity9478 subfraction in UT @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Exercise acutely increases high density lipoprotein- XXXX and lipoprotein lipase activity in trained and untrained @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['plasma volume', 'PV']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: We studied the effects of a single exercise session on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and on postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPLA) and hepatic @entity412 hydrolase activities (HTGLA) in 11 trained (T) and ten untrained (UT) @entity1 . Subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 80% of their maximal heart rate for one (UT) or two hours (T). Blood samples were drawn 24 hours before and at ten minutes and 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise. Values were analyzed before and after adjustment for estimated changes in @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ). High density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) increased 2 +/- 4 mg/dL in T (P less than 0.05) and 1 +/- 2 mg/dL in UT subjects beginning 48 hours after exercise. This increase was magnified by adjusting for the 5% to 8% postexercise expansion of @entity8450 . The increase in HDL in the T subjects was produced by increases in the @entity9477 -C subfraction (+3 +/- 4 mg/dL, P less than 0.05) whereas @entity9478 increased in the UT @entity1 (+2 +/- 3 mg/dL, P less than 0.05). LPLA did not change in either subject group when estimated @entity8450 changes were ignored but increased 11% (P less than 0.05) at 24 hours after exercise when @entity8450 was considered. HTGLA was 11% below baseline in the UT @entity1 24 to 72 hours after exercise (P less than 0.05) but showed no change in either subject group after adjustment for @entity8450 . These results demonstrate that exercise acutely increases HDL levels by raising the @entity9477 subfraction in T and the @entity9478 subfraction in UT @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Exercise acutely increases high density lipoprotein- @entity165 and lipoprotein lipase activity in trained and untrained XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: A case of intrasylvian @entity1653 is presented with some considerations to the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of the @entity5 . A 34-year-old Japanese @entity1 , who had experienced several episodes of @entity1163 attacks since 19 years old, was admitted to our hospital on March 22, 1983. Her plain skull roentgenogram showed abnormal calcification in her left fronto-temporal region. CT scan demonstrated clear-marginal high density mass in the left sylvian fissure which was homogeneously enhanced after administration of contrast medium. Left carotid angiogram showed intrasylvian mass with small @entity5 stain in late arterial phase, but external carotid artery had no concern with this @entity5 . On March 30, left fronto-temporal craniotomy was performed. The @entity5 was located in the extra-axial space of the sylvian fissure without any attachment to the dura mater or to the choroid plexus of the ventricles. This hard @entity5 , 70 grams in its weight, was successfully removed. It was histologically diagnosed @entity1653 . The @entity1 was discharged without any @entity51 . Twenty-four cases of @entity1653 not attached to the dura mater or to choroid plexus could be reviewed from the literature. This type of @entity1653 is occasionally called " @entity1654 ", but in some reports the @entity5 developed far from sylvian fissure. And even in the cases in which the @entity5 were reported to be located in the sylvian fissure, macroscopic space where @entity5 developed was various. The clinical features, diagnosis, and surgical management of this @entity5 were also discussed in the report.

title: [ XXXX : case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['fibroblastic meningioma', 'meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1654 :: ('MESH:D019305', 'Disease') :: ['deep sylvian meningioma']

answer: @entity1654 :: (MESH:D019305,Disease) :: ['Deep sylvian meningioma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of trans-esophageal atrial stimulation in decreasing @entity956 . 31 @entity1 , aged between 26 and 86 years, underwent 38 esophageal stimulations between August 1986 and April 1987. Esophageal stimulation was carried out with a device delivering major stimuli (10 to 20 ms) as well as high voltages (10 to 20 volts). A bipolar probe of permanent intracardiac stimulation was placed behind the left atrium, via a trans-esophageal approach under ECG guidance. Stimulations were carried out at a slightly faster rhythm than that of the @entity956 , for 1 to 30 seconds with a progressive increase of the stimulation frequency (280 to 960 impulses/min) until either a sinus rhythm or an @entity955 was obtained. A sinus rhythm was obtained immediately (21 times out of 38; 55.3%) and at the 24th hour after temporary @entity955 in 8 additional @entity1 (21%). The reduction percentage at 24 hours was therefore 76.3 p. cent. In 6 @entity1 (15.8%), esophageal stimulation failed and in 3 additional @entity1 , after @entity955 , there was either relapse into @entity5069 , or persistence of @entity955 at the 24th hour. Esophageal stimulation was well tolerated in all cases. There were no local or rhythm complications. In conclusion, trans-esophageal atrial stimulation appears to be effective, easy to implement, economical and well tolerated. Its primary use to decrease @entity956 seems justified, permitting to avoid in 75 p. cent of the time, recourse to intracardiac atrial stimulation or external shock.

title: [Value of esophageal stimulation for decreasing XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutters', 'atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['auricular flutter']


abstract: The mortality experience of 10,834 @entity1 treated with x-rays for @entity11885 between 1948 and 1960, 10,834 matched comparison subjects, and 5,392 siblings was evaluated over an average follow-up period of 26 years. Mortality was ascertained by linking unique personal identification numbers of study subjects with the national @entity204 registry. Radiotherapy in childhood was associated with an increased risk of @entity204 due to @entity5 of the head and neck (relative risk (RR) = 3) and @entity1778 ( @entity16071 .3). No other causes of @entity204 were significantly elevated after irradiation. The excess of @entity1313 (average intracranial dose = 150 rads) confirms that the central nervous system of the @entity1 is sensitive to the induction of @entity5 by radiation. The bone marrow dose averaged over the entire body was approximately 30 rad, and the estimated risk coefficient of 0.9 excess @entity1778 per million per year per rad is consistent with other studies of whole-body exposure. A significant @entity242 (RR = 9) was also observed. The pattern of @entity5 risk over time was bimodal; an early peak due to excess @entity1778 occurred within a few years of exposure, whereas excesses of solid @entity5 were most apparent after about 15 years. Despite the excess of @entity5 among exposed @entity1 , over 50% of the deaths in the entire study population were from external events, mainly accidents or events related to military service. An estimate of the total impact of @entity5 after childhood irradiation will require additional years of observation since the population irradiated is just now entering the age ranges normally associated with high @entity5 risk.

title: Mortality after radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['excess of bone and soft tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'radiogenic cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity11885 :: ('MESH:C538225', 'Disease') :: ['ringworm of the scalp']

answer: @entity11885 :: (MESH:C538225,Disease) :: ['ringworm of the scalp']


abstract: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks @entity934 release from presynaptic nerve terminals by cleaving the SNARE complex. BTX-A has been reported to have analgesic effects independent of its action on muscle tone. The most robust results have been observed in @entity1 with @entity9 . @entity9 due to @entity1897 has been the most widely studied. BTX-A has shown its efficacy on @entity158 and @entity1931 in various animal models of inflammatory @entity9 . The only randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in @entity1 with focal @entity21115 due to nerve @entity130 or @entity14000 demonstrated significant effects on average @entity158 intensity from 2 weeks after the injections to 14 weeks. Most @entity1 reported @entity158 during the injections, but there were no further local or systemic side effects. The efficacy of BTX-A in painful @entity1897 has been more recently studied. Results were positive in the only study in an animal model of @entity1897 . One study in @entity1 with @entity6 painful @entity1897 demonstrated a significant decrease in Visual Analog Scale. In conclusion, one session of multiple intradermal injection of BTX-A produces long-lasting analgesic effects in @entity1 with focal @entity21115 and @entity6 @entity9 , and is particularly well tolerated. The findings are consistent with a @entity1897 , the place of a possible central effect remaining to define. Further studies are needed to assess some important issues, i.e. BTX-A efficacy in @entity1 with small fiber @entity16 and the relevance of early and repeated injections. Future studies could also provide valuable insights into pathophysiology of @entity9 .

title: [Botulinum toxin and painful XXXX : what should be expected?].

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathies', 'peripheral lesions', 'peripheral neuropathy', 'reduction of peripheral sensitisation']

entities_list: @entity21115 :: ('MESH:C564945', 'Disease') :: ['painful neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral neuropathies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plasma exchange may be effective adjunctive treatment for @entity8 . We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of plasma exchange for @entity8 . STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of articles identified from electronic databases, bibliographies, and studies identified by experts. Data were abstracted in parallel by 2 reviewers. SETTING _ POPULATION: Adults with @entity8 or rapidly progressive @entity631 . SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: Randomized controlled trials that compared standard care with standard care plus adjuvant plasma exchange in adult @entity1 with either @entity8 or @entity3762 rapidly progressive @entity631 . INTERVENTION: Adjuvant plasma exchange. OUTCOME: Composite of @entity454 or @entity204 . RESULTS: We identified 9 trials including 387 @entity1 . In a fixed-effects model, the pooled RR for @entity454 or @entity204 was 0.80 for @entity1 treated with adjunctive plasma exchange compared with standard care alone (95% CI, 0.65-0.99; P = 0.04). No significant heterogeneity was detected (P = 0.5; I(2) = 0%). The effect of plasma exchange did not differ significantly across the range of baseline serum @entity1011 values (P = 0.7) or number of plasma exchange treatments (P = 0.8). The RR for @entity454 was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.47-0.88; P = 0.006), whereas the RR for @entity204 alone was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.71-1.4; P = 0.9). LIMITATIONS: Although the primary result was statistically significant, there is insufficient statistical information to reliably determine whether plasma exchange decreases the composite of @entity454 or @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Plasma exchange may decrease the composite end point of @entity454 or @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity8 . Additional trials are required given the limited data available.

title: Plasma exchange for XXXX and @entity3762 rapidly progressive @entity631 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vasculitis', 'idiopathic renal vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal vasculitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plasma exchange may be effective adjunctive treatment for @entity8 . We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of plasma exchange for @entity8 . STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of articles identified from electronic databases, bibliographies, and studies identified by experts. Data were abstracted in parallel by 2 reviewers. SETTING _ POPULATION: Adults with @entity8 or rapidly progressive @entity631 . SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: Randomized controlled trials that compared standard care with standard care plus adjuvant plasma exchange in adult @entity1 with either @entity8 or @entity3762 rapidly progressive @entity631 . INTERVENTION: Adjuvant plasma exchange. OUTCOME: Composite of @entity454 or @entity204 . RESULTS: We identified 9 trials including 387 @entity1 . In a fixed-effects model, the pooled RR for @entity454 or @entity204 was 0.80 for @entity1 treated with adjunctive plasma exchange compared with standard care alone (95% CI, 0.65-0.99; P = 0.04). No significant heterogeneity was detected (P = 0.5; I(2) = 0%). The effect of plasma exchange did not differ significantly across the range of baseline serum @entity1011 values (P = 0.7) or number of plasma exchange treatments (P = 0.8). The RR for @entity454 was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.47-0.88; P = 0.006), whereas the RR for @entity204 alone was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.71-1.4; P = 0.9). LIMITATIONS: Although the primary result was statistically significant, there is insufficient statistical information to reliably determine whether plasma exchange decreases the composite of @entity454 or @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Plasma exchange may decrease the composite end point of @entity454 or @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity8 . Additional trials are required given the limited data available.

title: Plasma exchange for @entity8 and XXXX rapidly progressive @entity631 : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3762 :: (MESH:C562694,Disease) :: ['idiopathic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plasma exchange may be effective adjunctive treatment for @entity8 . We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of plasma exchange for @entity8 . STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of articles identified from electronic databases, bibliographies, and studies identified by experts. Data were abstracted in parallel by 2 reviewers. SETTING _ POPULATION: Adults with @entity8 or rapidly progressive @entity631 . SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: Randomized controlled trials that compared standard care with standard care plus adjuvant plasma exchange in adult @entity1 with either @entity8 or @entity3762 rapidly progressive @entity631 . INTERVENTION: Adjuvant plasma exchange. OUTCOME: Composite of @entity454 or @entity204 . RESULTS: We identified 9 trials including 387 @entity1 . In a fixed-effects model, the pooled RR for @entity454 or @entity204 was 0.80 for @entity1 treated with adjunctive plasma exchange compared with standard care alone (95% CI, 0.65-0.99; P = 0.04). No significant heterogeneity was detected (P = 0.5; I(2) = 0%). The effect of plasma exchange did not differ significantly across the range of baseline serum @entity1011 values (P = 0.7) or number of plasma exchange treatments (P = 0.8). The RR for @entity454 was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.47-0.88; P = 0.006), whereas the RR for @entity204 alone was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.71-1.4; P = 0.9). LIMITATIONS: Although the primary result was statistically significant, there is insufficient statistical information to reliably determine whether plasma exchange decreases the composite of @entity454 or @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Plasma exchange may decrease the composite end point of @entity454 or @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity8 . Additional trials are required given the limited data available.

title: Plasma exchange for @entity8 and @entity3762 rapidly progressive XXXX : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: Tracks of 30 progressively motile washed @entity1 spermatozoa were plotted manually from 200-Hz frame rate video recordings. Tracks at 100, 66.7, 50, 40, 33.3, 25, 20, 10, and 5 Hz were then constructed using every 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 20th, or 40th point. The 200-Hz tracks were analyzed by traditional manual methods, and all ten sets of tracks analyzed using a computer-assisted method ("Videomot," developed originally to analyze 30-Hz tracks) to eliminate observer bias. Progression velocity (VSL) remained constant under all analysis conditions. Average path velocity (VAP) also remained essentially constant, although Videomot was less reliable at high frame rates due to problems in determining the average path. Curvilinear velocity (VCL) was very frame rate dependent (the 25-Hz mean value was only 56.5% of that at 200 Hz), and Videomot was more accurate than manual analysis at 200 Hz. Values of the @entity135 ( @entity135 ) were acceptable at most frame rates. At less than 66.7 Hz the inclusion of spurious curvilinear track deviations caused lower mean @entity135 values, and at 5 Hz @entity135 could not be measured since the track was essentially the average path. Beat/cross frequency (BCF) was also frame rate dependent; at high rates there was the same problem as with @entity135 measurements, while at less than or equal to 25 Hz the maximum BCF was restricted by the frame rate. We conclude that @entity1 sperm movement characteristics can be measured at frame rates ca. 30 Hz but only if the constraints affecting VCL and BCF values are understood and accepted. Finally, less than 10 Hz can only give values for VSL and, perhaps, VAP.

title: Influence of image sampling frequency on the perceived movement characteristics of progressively motile XXXX spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['amplitude of lateral head displacement', 'ALH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The inter- and intrasubject variability in blood concentration-analgesic response relationship for @entity3575 were investigated using the technique of @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) in 30 consenting @entity1 scheduled for surgical procedures involving an abdominal incision (15 upper and 15 lower abdominal incisions). All @entity1 had a thiopental, @entity3810 / @entity26 , pancuronium anesthetic with 200 microgram @entity3575 intraoperatively. @entity282 relief was provided with @entity3575 from a Janssen On-Demand Analgesic Computer (ODAC) set to provide a basal infusion rate of 20 microgram/hr, a bolus "demand" dose of 20 microgram, and a lockout period of 5 minutes. Frequent blood samples were collected immediately before @entity1 demanded doses, and these were taken as an estimate of the @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ). A mean of 22 samples (range 12 to 45) were collected per @entity1 over a mean study duration of 50 hours (range 24 to 72). The @entity1 required larger hourly @entity3575 doses in the first 6-hour period (83.9 +/- 30.1 microgram/hr) than in any other 6-hour period (mean values varied from 37.3 to 63 microgram/hr). The mean (+/- SD) hourly @entity3575 dose rate and total cumulative dose were 55.8 +/- 22 microgram/hr (range 28.8 to 136 microgram/hr) and 2739 +/- 1191 microgram (range 900 to 6260 microgram), respectively. The mean (+/- SD) @entity6251 was 0.63 +/- 0.25 ng/ml (five-fold range from 0.23 to 1.18) and the mean intrapatient coefficient of variation in @entity6251 was 30.2% (range 16 to 46%). The @entity6251 values remained relatively constant in all @entity1 over the 48-hour study period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity3575 blood concentration-analgesic response relationship in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['minimum effective concentration', 'MEC']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: The inter- and intrasubject variability in blood concentration-analgesic response relationship for @entity3575 were investigated using the technique of @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) in 30 consenting @entity1 scheduled for surgical procedures involving an abdominal incision (15 upper and 15 lower abdominal incisions). All @entity1 had a thiopental, @entity3810 / @entity26 , pancuronium anesthetic with 200 microgram @entity3575 intraoperatively. @entity282 relief was provided with @entity3575 from a Janssen On-Demand Analgesic Computer (ODAC) set to provide a basal infusion rate of 20 microgram/hr, a bolus "demand" dose of 20 microgram, and a lockout period of 5 minutes. Frequent blood samples were collected immediately before @entity1 demanded doses, and these were taken as an estimate of the @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ). A mean of 22 samples (range 12 to 45) were collected per @entity1 over a mean study duration of 50 hours (range 24 to 72). The @entity1 required larger hourly @entity3575 doses in the first 6-hour period (83.9 +/- 30.1 microgram/hr) than in any other 6-hour period (mean values varied from 37.3 to 63 microgram/hr). The mean (+/- SD) hourly @entity3575 dose rate and total cumulative dose were 55.8 +/- 22 microgram/hr (range 28.8 to 136 microgram/hr) and 2739 +/- 1191 microgram (range 900 to 6260 microgram), respectively. The mean (+/- SD) @entity6251 was 0.63 +/- 0.25 ng/ml (five-fold range from 0.23 to 1.18) and the mean intrapatient coefficient of variation in @entity6251 was 30.2% (range 16 to 46%). The @entity6251 values remained relatively constant in all @entity1 over the 48-hour study period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX blood concentration-analgesic response relationship in the treatment of @entity282 .

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['Fentanyl']


abstract: Our study compared the effect of high-dose @entity1425 with the pure alpha-agonist @entity2647 on regional @entity296 ( @entity296 ), myocardial @entity26 delivery (MDO2), myocardial @entity26 consumption (MVO2), and defibrillation rates during CPR. Fifteen @entity1707 weighing more than 15 kg were instrumented for measurement of regional @entity296 using radiolabeled tracer microspheres. Measurements of regional @entity296 , MDO2, and MVO2 were made during normal sinus rhythm. @entity2224 was induced and persisted for ten minutes. CPR was begun using a pneumatic compression device. Regional @entity296 , MDO2, and MVO2 were measured during CPR. Following three minutes of CPR, animals (N = 15) were allocated to one of three groups (n = 5): Group 1, @entity1425 0.2 mg/kg; Group 2, @entity2647 0.1 mg/kg; or Group 3, @entity2647 1.0 mg/kg. Measurements of regional @entity296 , MDO2, and MVO2 were repeated after drug administration. Extraction ratios, defined as MVO2/MDO2, were calculated during normal sinus rhythm, CPR, and after drug administration. Defibrillation was attempted 3 1/2 minutes after drug administration. There was no significant difference in @entity296 , MDO2, MVO2, and extraction ratio during normal sinus rhythm and CPR for any of the groups. Total @entity296 following drug administration was 67.2 +/- 49.4 mL/min/100 g for the group receiving @entity1425 0.2 mg/kg; 7.0 +/- 7.1 mL/min/100 g for the group receiving @entity2647 0.1 mg/kg; and 36.7 +/- 21.1 mL/min/100 g for the group receiving @entity2647 1.0 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Myocardial @entity26 delivery/consumption during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a comparison of @entity1425 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['MBF', 'myocardial blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity2647 :: (MESH:D010656,Chemical) :: ['phenylephrine']


abstract: Our study compared the effect of high-dose @entity1425 with the pure alpha-agonist @entity2647 on regional @entity296 ( @entity296 ), myocardial @entity26 delivery (MDO2), myocardial @entity26 consumption (MVO2), and defibrillation rates during CPR. Fifteen @entity1707 weighing more than 15 kg were instrumented for measurement of regional @entity296 using radiolabeled tracer microspheres. Measurements of regional @entity296 , MDO2, and MVO2 were made during normal sinus rhythm. @entity2224 was induced and persisted for ten minutes. CPR was begun using a pneumatic compression device. Regional @entity296 , MDO2, and MVO2 were measured during CPR. Following three minutes of CPR, animals (N = 15) were allocated to one of three groups (n = 5): Group 1, @entity1425 0.2 mg/kg; Group 2, @entity2647 0.1 mg/kg; or Group 3, @entity2647 1.0 mg/kg. Measurements of regional @entity296 , MDO2, and MVO2 were repeated after drug administration. Extraction ratios, defined as MVO2/MDO2, were calculated during normal sinus rhythm, CPR, and after drug administration. Defibrillation was attempted 3 1/2 minutes after drug administration. There was no significant difference in @entity296 , MDO2, MVO2, and extraction ratio during normal sinus rhythm and CPR for any of the groups. Total @entity296 following drug administration was 67.2 +/- 49.4 mL/min/100 g for the group receiving @entity1425 0.2 mg/kg; 7.0 +/- 7.1 mL/min/100 g for the group receiving @entity2647 0.1 mg/kg; and 36.7 +/- 21.1 mL/min/100 g for the group receiving @entity2647 1.0 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Myocardial XXXX delivery/consumption during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a comparison of @entity1425 and @entity2647 .

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Our study compared the effect of high-dose @entity1425 with the pure alpha-agonist @entity2647 on regional @entity296 ( @entity296 ), myocardial @entity26 delivery (MDO2), myocardial @entity26 consumption (MVO2), and defibrillation rates during CPR. Fifteen @entity1707 weighing more than 15 kg were instrumented for measurement of regional @entity296 using radiolabeled tracer microspheres. Measurements of regional @entity296 , MDO2, and MVO2 were made during normal sinus rhythm. @entity2224 was induced and persisted for ten minutes. CPR was begun using a pneumatic compression device. Regional @entity296 , MDO2, and MVO2 were measured during CPR. Following three minutes of CPR, animals (N = 15) were allocated to one of three groups (n = 5): Group 1, @entity1425 0.2 mg/kg; Group 2, @entity2647 0.1 mg/kg; or Group 3, @entity2647 1.0 mg/kg. Measurements of regional @entity296 , MDO2, and MVO2 were repeated after drug administration. Extraction ratios, defined as MVO2/MDO2, were calculated during normal sinus rhythm, CPR, and after drug administration. Defibrillation was attempted 3 1/2 minutes after drug administration. There was no significant difference in @entity296 , MDO2, MVO2, and extraction ratio during normal sinus rhythm and CPR for any of the groups. Total @entity296 following drug administration was 67.2 +/- 49.4 mL/min/100 g for the group receiving @entity1425 0.2 mg/kg; 7.0 +/- 7.1 mL/min/100 g for the group receiving @entity2647 0.1 mg/kg; and 36.7 +/- 21.1 mL/min/100 g for the group receiving @entity2647 1.0 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Myocardial @entity26 delivery/consumption during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a comparison of XXXX and @entity2647 .

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: Twenty-eight abscessed livers were collected from feedlot @entity291 at an abattoir; specimens were obtained from 49 abscesses for bacteriologic culture and for histologic examination. Cultural procedures included techniques to enumerate and isolate facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from all 49 abscesses, whereas facultative bacteria were isolated from only 22. Mean bacterial counts for anaerobic and facultative bacteria were 3 X 10(8) and 8 X 10(8) bacteria/g of purulent material, respectively. Fusobacterium necrophorum, the only anaerobe isolated, was detected in 100% of the abscesses. Fusobacterium necrophorum biotype A was isolated from 57% of the abscesses (in pure culture from 75%), and F necrophorum biotype B was isolated from 47% of the abscesses (from 96% with @entity325 ). @entity1679 was the predominant facultative bacterium isolated. Histologic changes in abscesses were qualitatively similar; abscesses were pyogranulomatous, with a @entity39 center surrounded by zones of inflammatory tissue. However, the severity of lesions varied, depending on the F necrophorum biotype involved. Portal triad @entity82 and bile-duct proliferation were most severe in biotype A and mixed biotype B infections and less severe in abscesses from which biotype B was isolated in pure culture.

title: Bacteriologic and histologic studies of hepatic abscesses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1679 :: ('1661', 'Species') :: ['Corynebacterium pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infections']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: the role of cortical mastoidectomy in the surgical treatment of @entity2346 media has remained controversial especially when there is no evidence of @entity281 . Though literature is replete with studies for and against the requirement of mastoidectomy, there is a paucity of prospective studies in this regard. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the impact of mastoidectomy in the management of @entity33 media. METHODS: 62 @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity33 media were randomly allotted to two groups of 31 each. @entity1 in group A underwent tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy and group B underwent tympanoplasty without mastoidectomy. All the @entity1 were followed up for a minimum of three months and results were assessed in terms of graft uptake, hearing improvement and need for repeat procedure. RESULTS: no significant difference in outcome was observed between the two groups in all parameters compared. The residual air-bone gap was 12.55    12.98 in group A and 12.71    11.54 in group B. Graft uptake rate was 93.55% in group A and 96.775% in group B. 2 @entity1 in group A and one @entity1 in group B underwent repeat procedures. CONCLUSIONS: there is little evidence in favour of cortical mastoidectomy in surgery of @entity66 .

title: Cortical mastoidectomy in surgery of XXXX . Are we overdoing it?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tubotympanic disease']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['active infection']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['tubotympanic type of otitis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['tubotympanic disease']


abstract: A 13-year follow-up study was performed in 301 @entity1 with @entity6331 ( @entity6331 ). Of these @entity1 , 223 cases, 78 @entity1 (average age 59.3 years) and 145 @entity1 (average age 60.4 years), survived. Seventy-eight cases including 38 @entity1 (mean age of @entity204 72.5 years) and 40 @entity1 (mean age of @entity204 64.8 years) died. @entity6331 consisted of 51% mitral @entity340 , 40% combined @entity340 and 9% aortic @entity340 . The mean mortality for all @entity1 with @entity6331 was 25.9%. Seventy percent of the @entity204 were due to severe, @entity712 , @entity944 . @entity955 was observed in 50% of the @entity1 . @entity999 occurred frequently in @entity1 with @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ), mitral stenoregurgitation (MSR) and @entity340 ( @entity340 ), which were associated with @entity955 . However, @entity999 were rarely found in cases with MSR, @entity340 and @entity340 with sinus rhythm. The mortality of cardiac surgery was low, 13.3%.

title: A 13-year follow-up study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['RHD', 'rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death and cerebral emboli']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral emboli', 'cerebral emboli']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['combined valvular disease', 'aortic valvular disease', 'CVD', 'valvular diseases']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['rheumatic valvular diseases']


abstract: The time courses of changes in @entity50808 (PA) content, isometric twitch tension, and half-relaxation time (1/2 RT) were studied in @entity95 tibialis anterior muscle following chronic 10 Hz nerve stimulation of 1-21 days. Up to 5 days stimulation had no effect on PA content, but it induced a slight (10-15%) increase in the 1/2 RT. This change occurred together with the previously observed 50% decrease in @entity141 -uptake by the SR (Leberer et al. 1987). While prolonged stimulation produced no further decrease in the @entity141 -uptake by the SR, PA content declined after 5 days of stimulation. The reduction in PA content was accompanied by a progressive lengthening of the 1/2 RT. However, the increase in 1/2 RT was particularly pronounced after PA had fallen below 50% of its normal value. A 90% reduction in PA coincided with a 60% increase in the 1/2 RT. By this time the staircase phenomenon, normally observed in fast-twitch muscle, was completely abolished. Although the changes in PA content and 1/2 RT were not linearly related, these results suggest that PA plays an important role in the relaxation process of @entity1 fast-twitch muscle.

title: Relationship between @entity50808 content and the speed of relaxation in chronically stimulated XXXX fast-twitch muscle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The time courses of changes in @entity50808 (PA) content, isometric twitch tension, and half-relaxation time (1/2 RT) were studied in @entity95 tibialis anterior muscle following chronic 10 Hz nerve stimulation of 1-21 days. Up to 5 days stimulation had no effect on PA content, but it induced a slight (10-15%) increase in the 1/2 RT. This change occurred together with the previously observed 50% decrease in @entity141 -uptake by the SR (Leberer et al. 1987). While prolonged stimulation produced no further decrease in the @entity141 -uptake by the SR, PA content declined after 5 days of stimulation. The reduction in PA content was accompanied by a progressive lengthening of the 1/2 RT. However, the increase in 1/2 RT was particularly pronounced after PA had fallen below 50% of its normal value. A 90% reduction in PA coincided with a 60% increase in the 1/2 RT. By this time the staircase phenomenon, normally observed in fast-twitch muscle, was completely abolished. Although the changes in PA content and 1/2 RT were not linearly related, these results suggest that PA plays an important role in the relaxation process of @entity1 fast-twitch muscle.

title: Relationship between XXXX content and the speed of relaxation in chronically stimulated @entity95 fast-twitch muscle.

answer: @entity50808 :: (100343964(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['parvalbumin']


abstract: @entity841 ( @entity841 ) evoked by electrical stimulation of the cholinergic-sympathetic system at different levels were recorded in the forepaws of anaesthetized @entity468 and used as a measure of sudomotor activity. After pretreatment with @entity3160 (0.25 mg/kg i.v.) to block alpha 2-adrenoceptors, unilateral electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus (square wave pulses 1 ms duration, 16 Hz, 2 s train length at intervals of 1 min) induced @entity841 in both forepaws. Injection of the inhibitor of neuronal @entity2922 reuptake, @entity5829 (1 mg/kg i.v.), facilitated the @entity841 in both forepaws, even though access of the drug to the sweat glands was prevented by application of a tourniquet to one paw. The facilitation was abolished by injection of the specific alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, @entity3159 (0.5 mg/kg i.v.). An equal enhancement of this effect by @entity5829 (1 mg/kg i.v.) and its abolition by @entity3159 (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) was obtained in @entity468 with the brain stem transected at the level of the medulla oblongata and electrical stimulation of the spinal cord at C1. @entity841 evoked in the right forepaw by preganglionic electrical stimulation of the right stellate ganglion were inhibited by @entity5829 (1 mg/kg i.v.). From these and previous results it is concluded that inhibition of neuronal reuptake of @entity2661 results in facilitation of activity in sudomotor efferents. This effect is mediated by spinal alpha 1-adrenoceptors and provides an explanation of the occasional occurrence of excessive sweating in @entity146 @entity1 treated with tricyclic antidepressants.

title: Spinal facilitation in cholinergic-sympathetic efferents by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity841 :: ('MESH:C537245', 'Disease') :: ['EDPs', 'Electrodermal potentials']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

answer: @entity5829 :: (MESH:D003891,Chemical) :: ['desipramine']


abstract: Detection of an intraventricular or intratumoral fat-fluid level on the plain craniograms has been known as a characteristic sign indicating the presence of intracranial @entity5 . On CT scans, however, only thirteen cases have been previously reported to be found an intraventricular and/or subarachnoid free fat associated with @entity5 . We reported a case of @entity46140 with intraventricular free-fat seen on CT scans. A nine-year-old male with precocious puberty was admitted to our hospital complaining a moderate @entity10 . Neurological examinations were normal without signs of @entity146 . The serum and CSF titer of HCG were raised markedly. The laboratory data of the CSF were normal and there were no pathological cells in the CSF. The CT scans revealed a large heterogeneous mass containing multiple areas of negative density in the pineal region. There were negative density droplets in the bilateral frontal horn on the same CT scans indicating a presence of free fats. At surgery, an yellowish oily material was drained from the @entity5 , but there was no sign of @entity693 over the cortical surface of the occipital lobe. An intraventricular free fat on CT scan have been reported in fourteen cases including ours following the first case described by Fawcitt in 1976. Although most of the cases presented @entity10 , only two cases was diagnosed clinically as @entity693 . Pathological changes indicating @entity693 , however, were noted in five cases, all of them presenting @entity410 attacks.

title: [A case of XXXX with intraventricular free fat seen in CT scan].

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal irritation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['teratomatous tumors', 'tumor', 'spontaneous ruptures of these tumors']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['chemical meningitis', 'granulomatous meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity46140 :: ('MESH:C537401', 'Disease') :: ['pineal teratoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'nonpulsatile headache']

answer: @entity46140 :: (MESH:C537401,Disease) :: ['pineal teratoma']


abstract: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 55 @entity1 with @entity733 treated from 1980 to 1983 at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. The @entity1 were treated by placement of a 10F to 16F soft latex mushroom catheter into the abscess cavity under local anesthesia as an office procedure. The end of the catheter was shortened to leave 2 to 3 cm exiting the skin, and a bandage was applied. No sutures or irrigations were used, and the drains were removed an average of 12 days after placement. Antibiotics were not given. The @entity1 ranged in age from 17 to 76 years (mean, 40 years) and 36% were female. Four @entity1 had @entity6 , and eight had a history of @entity29 . Nine @entity1 had been treated previously for anorectal abscesses. There were no complications. Adequate follow-up was obtainable in 31 @entity1 (ten to 63 months; mean, 30 months). Eight of them (26%) were subsequently treated for @entity292 found after resolution of the abscess, and an additional eight (26%) had a second abscess form during the follow-up period. The average time to this recurrence was 20 months. Catheter drainage of @entity733 in selected cases resulted in healing with low morbidity and significant cost savings.

title: Catheter drainage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['ischiorectal abscesses', 'ischiorectal abscess']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['ischiorectal abscesses']


abstract: A series of 4992 intracranial procedures performed over an 11-year period was evaluated for the occurrence of @entity86 . Forty @entity1 (0.8%) experienced @entity86 . Twenty-four @entity548 were intracerebral (60%), 11 were epidural (28%), 3 were subdural (7.5%), and 2 were intrasellar (5.0%). @entity1410 in 33 @entity1 occurred at the operative site, and 7 occurred remote from the operative site. @entity5 was the reason for operation in 56% of the @entity1 developing a clot, and @entity1653 was the most common @entity5 associated with this complication. The use of the sitting position was not associated with an increased incidence of @entity86 . @entity132 and @entity101 seemed to be potential precipitating factors. @entity86 was recognized within 12 hours of operation in 35% of the @entity1 . An altered level of consciousness was the most frequent clinical finding, present in all @entity1 . There was no clear relationship between the time of recognition and the final clinical outcome. Parenchymal clots carried the worst prognosis, accounting for 8 of the 11 deaths and all 7 @entity1 with poor neurological outcome.

title: XXXX : a survey of 4992 intracranial procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['Disturbances of coagulation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Intracranial tumor']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['Hematomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage', 'Postoperative hemorrhage']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8344 is associated with @entity8585 in @entity1 or @entity4841 and @entity625 in adults. The virus is relatively conserved and @entity377 identity is expected in viruses that are epidemiologically related. Here, we describe the first cluster of @entity8543 among hospital staff documented in Taiwan. METHODS: Active surveillance was conducted in coronary care units (CCUs) at a 2200-bed teaching hospital for 1 month in 2007. A case defined clinically as occurring in a @entity1 or staff in CCUs with new onset of @entity221 or @entity1910 . Serum was tested for @entity8344 IgM and IgG by immunoblotting and DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction. When @entity646 was detected, @entity377 sequences were analyzed and compared with those of two clinical isolates. The attack rate was defined as the cumulative incidence of @entity697 in CCU staff and @entity1 during the study period. RESULTS: Among 57 staff and 15 @entity1 , five nurses met the clinical case definition. Three had @entity697 as demonstrated by viral DNA and IgM. The attack rate was 5.3% for the staff and zero for @entity1 . Seroprevalence rate was lower in staff than in @entity1 (26.3%vs. 53.3%). The isolates collected from three cases were highly similar to a community isolate, and they varied with each other by 2-6 @entity2036 . The isolate collected from a nurse was identical to that from her friend 3 weeks apart and was concordant with mutual transmission. A sequence with 45 @entity377 variations was identified from a staff member with @entity281 who was negative for IgM and had only weak IgG anti-VP1 reaction with immunoblotting. We did not find any @entity1 as the source of @entity281 . CONCLUSION: We identified a cluster of @entity8543 that was caused by three circulating strains which did not support the hypothesis of transmission of a single strain in CCUs.

title: Cluster of XXXX among hospital staff working in coronary care units.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity8344 :: ('10798', 'Species') :: ['parvovirus B19', 'Parvovirus B19']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity8585 :: ('MESH:D016731', 'Disease') :: ['erythema infectiosum']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity8543 :: ('MESH:D010322', 'Disease') :: ['parvovirus infection']

answer: @entity8543 :: (MESH:D010322,Disease) :: ['parvovirus infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platycodon grandiflorum is a traditional Asian medicine that is used to treat @entity358 . OBJECTIVE: to investigate the effects of P grandiflorum in vivo in an animal model of @entity483 ( @entity483 ), with particular emphasis on its effects on @entity46089 and @entity61 immune responses. METHODS: we established a model of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 . After oral administration of P grandiflorum, we measured cytokine and immunoglobulin profiles along with histologic examination of skin. RESULTS: P grandiflorum was nontoxic in a @entity18580 -induced model of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 . @entity483 symptoms in @entity272 improved after oral administration of P grandiflorum. IgE secretion was significantly downregulated in P grandiflorum-treated animals, accompanied by decreased levels of @entity58 and @entity6527 and increased serum levels of @entity12782 and @entity9749 . In isolated splenocytes, the production of the @entity46089 cytokines @entity12782 and interferon-y was upregulated by P grandiflorum, whereas the levels of the @entity61 cytokines @entity58 and @entity59 were downregulated in a @entity19 model of @entity483 -like @entity272 . CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that P grandiflorum inhibits the development of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 by suppressing the @entity61 cell response and increasing the @entity46089 cell responses. Our results indicate that P grandiflorum is safe and effective as a natural herbal medicine for the treatment of @entity483 -like @entity272 .

title: Inhibitory effect of Platycodon grandiflorum on @entity46089 and @entity61 immune responses in a @entity19 model of @entity18580 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity18580 :: ('CHEBI:53049', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and respiratory allergic disorders']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platycodon grandiflorum is a traditional Asian medicine that is used to treat @entity358 . OBJECTIVE: to investigate the effects of P grandiflorum in vivo in an animal model of @entity483 ( @entity483 ), with particular emphasis on its effects on @entity46089 and @entity61 immune responses. METHODS: we established a model of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 . After oral administration of P grandiflorum, we measured cytokine and immunoglobulin profiles along with histologic examination of skin. RESULTS: P grandiflorum was nontoxic in a @entity18580 -induced model of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 . @entity483 symptoms in @entity272 improved after oral administration of P grandiflorum. IgE secretion was significantly downregulated in P grandiflorum-treated animals, accompanied by decreased levels of @entity58 and @entity6527 and increased serum levels of @entity12782 and @entity9749 . In isolated splenocytes, the production of the @entity46089 cytokines @entity12782 and interferon-y was upregulated by P grandiflorum, whereas the levels of the @entity61 cytokines @entity58 and @entity59 were downregulated in a @entity19 model of @entity483 -like @entity272 . CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that P grandiflorum inhibits the development of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 by suppressing the @entity61 cell response and increasing the @entity46089 cell responses. Our results indicate that P grandiflorum is safe and effective as a natural herbal medicine for the treatment of @entity483 -like @entity272 .

title: Inhibitory effect of Platycodon grandiflorum on XXXX and @entity61 immune responses in a @entity19 model of @entity18580 -induced @entity272 .

answer: @entity46089 :: (15110(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['T(H)1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platycodon grandiflorum is a traditional Asian medicine that is used to treat @entity358 . OBJECTIVE: to investigate the effects of P grandiflorum in vivo in an animal model of @entity483 ( @entity483 ), with particular emphasis on its effects on @entity46089 and @entity61 immune responses. METHODS: we established a model of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 . After oral administration of P grandiflorum, we measured cytokine and immunoglobulin profiles along with histologic examination of skin. RESULTS: P grandiflorum was nontoxic in a @entity18580 -induced model of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 . @entity483 symptoms in @entity272 improved after oral administration of P grandiflorum. IgE secretion was significantly downregulated in P grandiflorum-treated animals, accompanied by decreased levels of @entity58 and @entity6527 and increased serum levels of @entity12782 and @entity9749 . In isolated splenocytes, the production of the @entity46089 cytokines @entity12782 and interferon-y was upregulated by P grandiflorum, whereas the levels of the @entity61 cytokines @entity58 and @entity59 were downregulated in a @entity19 model of @entity483 -like @entity272 . CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that P grandiflorum inhibits the development of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 by suppressing the @entity61 cell response and increasing the @entity46089 cell responses. Our results indicate that P grandiflorum is safe and effective as a natural herbal medicine for the treatment of @entity483 -like @entity272 .

title: Inhibitory effect of Platycodon grandiflorum on @entity46089 and @entity61 immune responses in a @entity19 model of XXXX -induced @entity272 .

answer: @entity18580 :: (CHEBI:53049,Chemical) :: ['2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platycodon grandiflorum is a traditional Asian medicine that is used to treat @entity358 . OBJECTIVE: to investigate the effects of P grandiflorum in vivo in an animal model of @entity483 ( @entity483 ), with particular emphasis on its effects on @entity46089 and @entity61 immune responses. METHODS: we established a model of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 . After oral administration of P grandiflorum, we measured cytokine and immunoglobulin profiles along with histologic examination of skin. RESULTS: P grandiflorum was nontoxic in a @entity18580 -induced model of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 . @entity483 symptoms in @entity272 improved after oral administration of P grandiflorum. IgE secretion was significantly downregulated in P grandiflorum-treated animals, accompanied by decreased levels of @entity58 and @entity6527 and increased serum levels of @entity12782 and @entity9749 . In isolated splenocytes, the production of the @entity46089 cytokines @entity12782 and interferon-y was upregulated by P grandiflorum, whereas the levels of the @entity61 cytokines @entity58 and @entity59 were downregulated in a @entity19 model of @entity483 -like @entity272 . CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that P grandiflorum inhibits the development of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 by suppressing the @entity61 cell response and increasing the @entity46089 cell responses. Our results indicate that P grandiflorum is safe and effective as a natural herbal medicine for the treatment of @entity483 -like @entity272 .

title: Inhibitory effect of Platycodon grandiflorum on @entity46089 and XXXX immune responses in a @entity19 model of @entity18580 -induced @entity272 .

answer: @entity61 :: (15111(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['T(H)2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platycodon grandiflorum is a traditional Asian medicine that is used to treat @entity358 . OBJECTIVE: to investigate the effects of P grandiflorum in vivo in an animal model of @entity483 ( @entity483 ), with particular emphasis on its effects on @entity46089 and @entity61 immune responses. METHODS: we established a model of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 . After oral administration of P grandiflorum, we measured cytokine and immunoglobulin profiles along with histologic examination of skin. RESULTS: P grandiflorum was nontoxic in a @entity18580 -induced model of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 . @entity483 symptoms in @entity272 improved after oral administration of P grandiflorum. IgE secretion was significantly downregulated in P grandiflorum-treated animals, accompanied by decreased levels of @entity58 and @entity6527 and increased serum levels of @entity12782 and @entity9749 . In isolated splenocytes, the production of the @entity46089 cytokines @entity12782 and interferon-y was upregulated by P grandiflorum, whereas the levels of the @entity61 cytokines @entity58 and @entity59 were downregulated in a @entity19 model of @entity483 -like @entity272 . CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that P grandiflorum inhibits the development of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 by suppressing the @entity61 cell response and increasing the @entity46089 cell responses. Our results indicate that P grandiflorum is safe and effective as a natural herbal medicine for the treatment of @entity483 -like @entity272 .

title: Inhibitory effect of Platycodon grandiflorum on @entity46089 and @entity61 immune responses in a XXXX model of @entity18580 -induced @entity272 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether temporarily withholding FSH and adding @entity342 could improve follicular response during a microdose  flare protocol in @entity1 with slow follicular growth or asynchronous follicular development. DESIGN: Observational pilot study. SETTING: University-affiliated private fertility center. @entity1 (S): Twenty-six @entity1 aged 34-47  years with poor response to stimulation or a previous cancelled IVF cycle and with slow or asynchronous follicular growth during a microdose flare cycle. INTERVENTION(S): For 13 @entity1 , after initiation of ovarian stimulation using the microdose flare protocol, gonadotropin administration was interrupted and transdermal @entity251 gel was added for several days (4.4    1.2  d) starting after cycle day 7 (mean cycle day 10    2.6). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): FSH, E2, follicular growth, and total number of mature oocytes retrieved were determined for all of the @entity1 . Cycle cancellation rate as well as pregnancy rate following embryo transfer were also documented when applicable. RESULT(S): FSH levels declined (25.2    6.5 to 6.8    3.2 IU/L), E2 levels increased (896    687 to 2,163    1,667 pmol/L), and follicular growth improved significantly during gonadotropin interruption and were tracked for 2  days during this time frame. The average number of oocytes retrieved was 5.3    2.6, and the ratio of mature to total oocytes was 4:5. Four of the 13 @entity1 in the interruption group conceived following frozen embryo transfer, whereas none in the control group did. CONCLUSION(S): The @entity342 -interrupted FSH protocol may improve follicular response to gonadotropins in cycles that might otherwise be cancelled.

title: Microdose flare protocol with interrupted follicle stimulating hormone and added XXXX for  poor responders-an observational pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']