abstract: Development of an electrohysterograph (EHG) for recording the electrical activity of the uterus in vivo has been blocked for 60 years by problems with artifacts and extraneous/reactive electrical activity. This study reevaluates a method of cervical recording that does not appear to have these limitations. A set of cervical electrode cups was used to record uterine activity of 33 normal subjects and @entity1 who had @entity1834 , @entity46 , or chronic @entity2371 . The electrode cups were atraumatic, able to be fitted to all subjects, and showed exceptional positional stability. Unipolar and bipolar recordings from the cervix showed the same infrequent spikes and spike bursts reported from other studies along with continuous, mildly irregular, undulating slow-wave activity, which was present throughout the recordings. The frequencies and amplitudes of these slow waves changed in relation to exogenous @entity172 , diagnosis, intrauterine catheters, and the intensity of the subject's @entity158 . Spikes and spike bursts were common only during menses and at midcycle. The cervical electrode cups proved easy to use and were well accepted by the subjects. The findings indicated that the spikes and slow waves were probably uterine in origin and not artifact or extraneous/reactive activity. There were also direct and indirect indications that the slow waves may represent the ionic propagation of uterine electrophysiologic activity through a network of uterine intercellular ionic channels (gap junctions). The limited but fairly consistent evidence from a number of perspectives indicates that recording spike and slow-wave activity from the cervix is a viable and practical EHG method.

title: A noninvasive method for recording the electrical activity of the XXXX uterus in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 predicts @entity65 and may be associated with negative emotions in adolescents. This study was conducted to determine if hopelessness, hostility, and @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity9054 were associated with compromised endothelial function and whether those associations were mediated by health risk behaviors. METHODS: Endothelial function, assessed through brachial artery reactive @entity450 , was measured in a psychopathology enriched sample of 60 15-18-year-old @entity1 . The correlations between hopelessness, hostility, and @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity9054 and the percent change in forearm vascular resistance (PCFVR) were measured. Possible mediation effects of health risk behaviors were tested. RESULTS: Hopelessness was negatively associated with PCFVR, controlling for race and body mass index. @entity9054 without any @entity148 was associated with better endothelial function. The other negative emotions were not associated with PCFVR. Risky health behaviors were associated with @entity9054 and hopelessness, but not with PCFVR, so there was no evidence of mediation. CONCLUSION: The main finding was that hopelessness in adolescent @entity1 was associated with @entity409 . This may indicate that when present, hopelessness places a @entity1 at risk for later @entity65 , whether she has a @entity146 or not. Possible mechanisms for this finding are examined and the surprising finding that @entity9054 is associated with better endothelial function is also discussed. Suggestions for future research are presented.

title: XXXX and negative emotions in adolescent @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['or conduct disorders', 'Conduct disorder', 'conduct disorder']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['adult cardiovascular disorder', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 predicts @entity65 and may be associated with negative emotions in adolescents. This study was conducted to determine if hopelessness, hostility, and @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity9054 were associated with compromised endothelial function and whether those associations were mediated by health risk behaviors. METHODS: Endothelial function, assessed through brachial artery reactive @entity450 , was measured in a psychopathology enriched sample of 60 15-18-year-old @entity1 . The correlations between hopelessness, hostility, and @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity9054 and the percent change in forearm vascular resistance (PCFVR) were measured. Possible mediation effects of health risk behaviors were tested. RESULTS: Hopelessness was negatively associated with PCFVR, controlling for race and body mass index. @entity9054 without any @entity148 was associated with better endothelial function. The other negative emotions were not associated with PCFVR. Risky health behaviors were associated with @entity9054 and hopelessness, but not with PCFVR, so there was no evidence of mediation. CONCLUSION: The main finding was that hopelessness in adolescent @entity1 was associated with @entity409 . This may indicate that when present, hopelessness places a @entity1 at risk for later @entity65 , whether she has a @entity146 or not. Possible mechanisms for this finding are examined and the surprising finding that @entity9054 is associated with better endothelial function is also discussed. Suggestions for future research are presented.

title: @entity409 and negative emotions in adolescent XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1782 ( @entity1782 ) positive @entity0 can often be treated by hormone therapy; however a certain population of @entity1782 -positive @entity1 become resistant to hormone therapy after long-term hormone treatment. Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a derivative of estrogen, which has shown promising effects in these @entity1 . METHODS: We successfully obtained tissue samples from 6 @entity1 undergoing EE2 treatment and examined 13 well-known @entity0 -related factors by immunohistochemistry. Of the 6 @entity1 , 5 responded but one @entity1 did not. RESULTS: Before EE2 treatment, staining for both @entity1782 and @entity23447 ( @entity23447 ) was strong in the nucleus, and the @entity7273 ( @entity7273 ) was almost no staining. EE2 treatment significantly down-regulated @entity1782 and up-regulated @entity7273 while nuclear and cytosolic @entity23447 were oppositely down- and up-regulated, respectively. Cytosolic staining of @entity5345 was significantly up-regulated by EE2 whereas nuclear staining tended to decrease. Individual comparisons suggested less induction of @entity7273 and decreasing AKT but increasing pAKT in the non-responder following EE2 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations revealed that EE2 activated @entity1782 downstream genes; however it did not stimulate cell growth. This suggests that hormone resistant cells might receive growth signals from a non-genomic pathway and this may be reflected in their sensitivity to EE2 treatment.

title: Immunohistochemical analysis in ethinylestradiol-treated XXXX after prior long-term estrogen-deprivation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity23447 :: ('367', 'Gene') :: ['AR', 'androgen receptor']

entities_list: @entity1782 :: ('2099', 'Gene') :: ['Estrogen receptor', 'ER']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7273 :: ('5241', 'Gene') :: ['progesterone receptor', 'PgR']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: A reproducible animal model of @entity1320 was devised to simulate @entity1320 in @entity1 and emulate clinical trials. Preoperatively, @entity35 were fed lean ground beef for two weeks to change their intestinal flora to one similar to that of @entity1 . A 1 cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and continuity re-established by end-to-end @entity254 . The isolated segment was returned to the abdominal cavity. This model was used to compare @entity3400 / @entity7120 with imipenem and with @entity3402 plus @entity801 in treating the resulting infections. Eighty per cent of untreated animals died within three days. Treated animals had significantly reduced mortality and increased cure rates. One treated animal (in the @entity3402 - @entity801 group) died. These results support the findings of the efficacy of @entity3400 / @entity7120 in treating @entity1320 in @entity1 clinical trials.

title: Efficacy of @entity3400 / @entity7120 in the treatment of experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal sepsis', 'intraabdominal infections', 'intra-abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal infections']


abstract: A reproducible animal model of @entity1320 was devised to simulate @entity1320 in @entity1 and emulate clinical trials. Preoperatively, @entity35 were fed lean ground beef for two weeks to change their intestinal flora to one similar to that of @entity1 . A 1 cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and continuity re-established by end-to-end @entity254 . The isolated segment was returned to the abdominal cavity. This model was used to compare @entity3400 / @entity7120 with imipenem and with @entity3402 plus @entity801 in treating the resulting infections. Eighty per cent of untreated animals died within three days. Treated animals had significantly reduced mortality and increased cure rates. One treated animal (in the @entity3402 - @entity801 group) died. These results support the findings of the efficacy of @entity3400 / @entity7120 in treating @entity1320 in @entity1 clinical trials.

title: Efficacy of XXXX / @entity7120 in the treatment of experimental @entity1320 .

answer: @entity3400 :: (MESH:D010878,Chemical) :: ['piperacillin']


abstract: A reproducible animal model of @entity1320 was devised to simulate @entity1320 in @entity1 and emulate clinical trials. Preoperatively, @entity35 were fed lean ground beef for two weeks to change their intestinal flora to one similar to that of @entity1 . A 1 cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and continuity re-established by end-to-end @entity254 . The isolated segment was returned to the abdominal cavity. This model was used to compare @entity3400 / @entity7120 with imipenem and with @entity3402 plus @entity801 in treating the resulting infections. Eighty per cent of untreated animals died within three days. Treated animals had significantly reduced mortality and increased cure rates. One treated animal (in the @entity3402 - @entity801 group) died. These results support the findings of the efficacy of @entity3400 / @entity7120 in treating @entity1320 in @entity1 clinical trials.

title: Efficacy of @entity3400 / XXXX in the treatment of experimental @entity1320 .

answer: @entity7120 :: (MESH:C043265,Chemical) :: ['tazobactam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After "curative" resection of @entity189 , late secondary @entity1282 almost invariably indicates @entity5 recurrence. The retrosternal reconstruction route is advocated to prevent ingrowth of @entity5 recurrence in the neoesophagus. STUDY DESIGN: To evaluate the quality of palliation after "curative" resection of @entity189 and the possible benefit of the retrosternal reconstruction route, we retrospectively analyzed the records of @entity1 who had resection of a @entity5 , or the gastroesophageal junction, and a prevertebral reconstruction. The extra-anatomic route would have been only beneficial for @entity1 with intrathoracic @entity5 recurrence distant from the @entity254 and causing @entity344 . RESULTS: Between 1983 and 1989, 209 @entity1 (mean age of 61.3 years at the time of operation) had "curative" resection and prevertebral reconstruction in the institution of this study. Seventy-three @entity1 (35 percent) had @entity5 recurrence. Univariate and multivariate analysis of various risk factors for locoregional recurrence showed that the presence of positive lymph nodes ( @entity3121 ), especially if located at the celiac trunk ( @entity25271 ), and a macroscopically non-radical R2 resection were the most important risk factors. Forty-six @entity1 (22 percent) had secondary @entity1282 as a result of @entity5 recurrence, mostly (18 percent) within two years postoperatively. @entity1282 lasted on average 5.3 months (range of 0.3 to 21.5 months) before the @entity1 died. In 27 @entity1 (13 percent), @entity1282 would probably have been prevented by using a retrosternal reconstruction route. CONCLUSIONS: These data are an argument in favor of the extra-anatomic, retrosternal reconstruction route after limited transthoracic or transhiatal resection in the presence of positive lymph nodes. This method seems especially indicated if the nodes are located at the celiac trunk and in case of a macroscopically nonradical R2 resection.

title: Quality of palliation and possible benefit of extra-anatomic reconstruction in recurrent @entity1282 after resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'locoregional tumor', 'malignant tumor of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After "curative" resection of @entity189 , late secondary @entity1282 almost invariably indicates @entity5 recurrence. The retrosternal reconstruction route is advocated to prevent ingrowth of @entity5 recurrence in the neoesophagus. STUDY DESIGN: To evaluate the quality of palliation after "curative" resection of @entity189 and the possible benefit of the retrosternal reconstruction route, we retrospectively analyzed the records of @entity1 who had resection of a @entity5 , or the gastroesophageal junction, and a prevertebral reconstruction. The extra-anatomic route would have been only beneficial for @entity1 with intrathoracic @entity5 recurrence distant from the @entity254 and causing @entity344 . RESULTS: Between 1983 and 1989, 209 @entity1 (mean age of 61.3 years at the time of operation) had "curative" resection and prevertebral reconstruction in the institution of this study. Seventy-three @entity1 (35 percent) had @entity5 recurrence. Univariate and multivariate analysis of various risk factors for locoregional recurrence showed that the presence of positive lymph nodes ( @entity3121 ), especially if located at the celiac trunk ( @entity25271 ), and a macroscopically non-radical R2 resection were the most important risk factors. Forty-six @entity1 (22 percent) had secondary @entity1282 as a result of @entity5 recurrence, mostly (18 percent) within two years postoperatively. @entity1282 lasted on average 5.3 months (range of 0.3 to 21.5 months) before the @entity1 died. In 27 @entity1 (13 percent), @entity1282 would probably have been prevented by using a retrosternal reconstruction route. CONCLUSIONS: These data are an argument in favor of the extra-anatomic, retrosternal reconstruction route after limited transthoracic or transhiatal resection in the presence of positive lymph nodes. This method seems especially indicated if the nodes are located at the celiac trunk and in case of a macroscopically nonradical R2 resection.

title: Quality of palliation and possible benefit of extra-anatomic reconstruction in recurrent XXXX after resection of @entity189 .

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: 1. We analyze @entity1812 -sensitive cells of the @entity19 dorsal root ganglion in culture from the viewpoints of cell size, electrical responses, and @entity141 concentration change due to @entity1812 and immunocytochemistry of @entity10501 . 2. Sixteen percent of cells in the cell group 26-30 microns in diameter fired in response to 10 microM @entity1812 . None of other cell groups showed a firing response to @entity1812 . 3. We measured a cytosolic @entity141 change due to @entity1812 using a @entity141 -sensitive fluorescent dye, @entity593 . The rapid rise (peak time, 20 sec) in the @entity141 concentration was ascribed to @entity141 release from intracellular @entity141 stores. The profound change in the @entity141 concentration was observed again in the cell group 26-30 microns in diameter. Seventeen percent of cells in this group increased the @entity141 concentration by approximately seven times that at resting level. 4. Among cells which increase @entity141 concentration responding to @entity1812 , 83% of them contain @entity10501 (an immunocytochemical study). 5. We conclude that 16-17% of the cell group 26-30 microns in diameter of the dorsal root ganglia in culture are polymodal nociceptors and respond to @entity1812 .

title: @entity1812 -responsive cells of dorsal root ganglia in culture: cell size, firing, cytosolic calcium, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity10501 :: (21333(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['substance P']


abstract: 1. We analyze @entity1812 -sensitive cells of the @entity19 dorsal root ganglion in culture from the viewpoints of cell size, electrical responses, and @entity141 concentration change due to @entity1812 and immunocytochemistry of @entity10501 . 2. Sixteen percent of cells in the cell group 26-30 microns in diameter fired in response to 10 microM @entity1812 . None of other cell groups showed a firing response to @entity1812 . 3. We measured a cytosolic @entity141 change due to @entity1812 using a @entity141 -sensitive fluorescent dye, @entity593 . The rapid rise (peak time, 20 sec) in the @entity141 concentration was ascribed to @entity141 release from intracellular @entity141 stores. The profound change in the @entity141 concentration was observed again in the cell group 26-30 microns in diameter. Seventeen percent of cells in this group increased the @entity141 concentration by approximately seven times that at resting level. 4. Among cells which increase @entity141 concentration responding to @entity1812 , 83% of them contain @entity10501 (an immunocytochemical study). 5. We conclude that 16-17% of the cell group 26-30 microns in diameter of the dorsal root ganglia in culture are polymodal nociceptors and respond to @entity1812 .

title: XXXX -responsive cells of dorsal root ganglia in culture: cell size, firing, cytosolic calcium, and @entity10501 .

answer: @entity1812 :: (MESH:D001920,Chemical) :: ['Bradykinin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Medical history and clinical course: A 42-year-old @entity1 with @entity5734 had been treated for 3 years by a hematologist in private practice. Initially the @entity1 received 1 course of cladribine upon which the disease went into complete remission. 6 weeks ago a relapse was diagnosed and combination therapy with cladibrin and rituximab was initiated. Now the @entity1 presented to the emergency room with @entity158 when breathing. Investigations, treatment and course: In the chest x-ray, patchy infiltrates and @entity1143 were found on both sides. The subsequently performed computed tomography showed bilateral compactions with an Halo suspicious for fungal infiltrates. Upon admission to the hospital, an empirical antibiotic therapy with clarithromycin and piperacillin/tazobactam was initiated, which was later escalated to meropenem and linezolid. Additionally, an antifungal therapy with voriconazole was started and later switched to liposomal amphotericin B. At his admission, a positive aspergillus antigen could be detected in the microbiological laboratory. Under antimycotic treatment the aspergillus antigen was repeatedly negative. The @entity1 presented with pronounced @entity1503 and after a switch of therapy to vemurafenib and filgrastim, the hematopoiesis could only be stimulated insufficiently. The @entity1 was transferred to the intensive care unit three days after admission with severe @entity1576 . He died on day 8 after admission. Autopsy and diagnosis: Diagnosis was consistent with relapse of @entity5734 with positive @entity817 mutation and a bone marrow infiltration   >   80%. Autopsy revealed a significant hepato- @entity381 , a lack of erythro-, granulo- and thrombopoiesis. Clots interspersed with fungal hyphae were found in both lungs and an @entity1188 of the spleen with evidence of fungal hyphae was detected. The cultural findings post mortem on @entity375 or mold were negative. Conclusion: @entity1 with @entity5734 and prolonged @entity1398 are at increased risk for @entity364 . Therefore, prohylactic antimycotic therapy should be considered early in this group of @entity1 . The therapeutic approach of vemurafenib in @entity5734 is promising and offers an additional treatment option. In the present case, the @entity1 could unfortunately not be stabilized due to the septic complications.

title: [Pulmonary infection in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['refractory hairy cell leukemia', 'hairy cell leukemia', 'treatment-refractory hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath and pain']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['systemic fungal infections']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenia']


abstract: Systemic @entity32 is accompanied by an increased production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and by either @entity221 or @entity2332 (or both). To study @entity32 , it is often induced in @entity35 by the intravenous administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Knowing that @entity648 is a potent ROS scavenger, we compared responses to LPS between normobilirubinemic @entity35 (heterozygous, asymptomatic; J/+) and @entity36392 @entity35 (homozygous, jaundiced; J/J) to establish whether ROS mediate @entity221 and @entity2332 in @entity32 . These two genotypes correspond to undisturbed versus drastically suppressed (by @entity648 ) tissue accumulation of ROS, respectively. A low dose of LPS (10  g/kg) caused a typical triphasic @entity221 in both genotypes, without any intergenotype differences. A high dose of LPS (1,000  g/kg) caused a complex response consisting of early @entity2332 followed by late @entity221 . The hypothermic response was markedly exaggerated, whereas the subsequent @entity221 response was strongly attenuated in J/J @entity35 , as compared to J/+ @entity35 . J/J @entity35 also tended to respond to 1,000  g/kg with blunted surges in plasma levels of all hepatic enzymes studied ( @entity3929 aminotransferase, @entity5906 aminotransferase, @entity5428 transferase), thus suggesting an attenuation of @entity99 . We propose that the reported exaggeration of LPS-induced @entity2332 in J/J @entity35 occurs via direct inhibition of nonshivering thermogenesis by @entity648 and possibly via a direct vasodilatatory action of @entity648 in the skin. This @entity2332 -exaggerating effect might be responsible, at least in part, for the observed tendency of J/J @entity35 to be protected from LPS-induced @entity99 . The attenuation of the @entity221 response to 1,000  g/kg could be due to either direct actions of @entity648 on thermoeffectors or the ROS-scavenging action of @entity648 . However, the experiments with 10  g/kg strongly suggest that ROS signaling is not involved in the @entity221 response to low doses of LPS.

title: Hyperbilirubinemia exaggerates endotoxin-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic systemic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5428 :: ('CHEBI:24190', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity36392 :: ('MESH:D007647', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic damage']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is the most prevalent form of @entity303 in the elderly. b-amyloid (Ab) accumulation in the brain is thought to be a primary event leading to eventual @entity73 in @entity195 . Ab has been shown to promote @entity528 , which is consistent with enhanced @entity410 activity in @entity19 models and @entity195 @entity1 . Little, however, is known about whether, and how, increased excitability contributes to downstream pathologies of @entity195 . Here, we show that overexpression of @entity1 Ab42 in a @entity238 model indeed induces increased neuronal activity. We found that the underlying mechanism involves the selective degradation of the A-type K+ channel, @entity9399 . An age-dependent loss of @entity9399 leads to an increased probability of AP firing. Interestingly, we find that loss of @entity9399 alone results in @entity4207 , as well as a shortened lifespan. To test whether the Ab42-induced @entity528 contributes to, or exacerbates, downstream pathologies, we transgenically over-expressed @entity9399 to near wild-type levels in Ab42-expressing animals. We show that restoration of @entity9399 attenuated age-dependent @entity4207 , slowed the onset of @entity179 , and partially rescued @entity204 seen in Ab42-expressing animals. We conclude that Ab42-induced @entity2915 plays a critical role in the age-dependent cognitive and motor decline of this Ab42- @entity238 model, and possibly in @entity195 .

title: Linking Ab42-Induced Hyperexcitability to Neurodegeneration, XXXX , and a Shorter Lifespan in an Alzheimer's Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning and locomotion defects', 'learning and locomotor deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal hyperactivity', 'increase in neuronal excitability']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['Learning and Motor Deficits']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Persistent complete donor chimerism is an important clinical indicator for remissions of @entity1583 after HLA-matched allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). However, the mechanisms mediating the persistence of complete donor chimerism are poorly understood. The frequent coincidence of complete donor chimerism with graft-versus- @entity1778 effects and @entity2132 suggests that immune responses against minor histocompatibility antigens (mHags) are playing an important role in suppressing the host hematopoiesis after allogeneic @entity8 . Here, we investigated a possible relationship between donor immune responses against the hematopoiesis-restricted mHag HA-1 and the long-term kinetics of host hematopoietic chimerism in a cohort of 10 @entity1 after allogeneic HLA-matched, HA-1 mismatched @entity8 . Functional HA-1 specific CTLs (HA-1 CTLs) were detectable in 6/10 @entity1 lysing host-type hematopoietic cells in vitro. Presence of HA-1 CTLs in the peripheral blood coincided with low host hematopoiesis levels quantified by highly sensitive mHag specific PCR. Additionally, co-incubation of host type @entity2280 + cells with HA-1 CTLs isolated after allogeneic @entity8 prevented progenitor and cobblestone area forming cell growth in vitro and @entity1 hematopoietic engraftment in @entity465 @entity19 . Conversely, absence or loss of HA-1 CTLs mostly coincided with high host hematopoiesis levels and/or relapse. In summary, in this first study, presence of HA-1 CTLs paralleled low host hematopoiesis levels. This coincidence might be supported by the capacity of HA-1 CTLs isolated after allogeneic @entity8 to specifically eliminate host type hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Additional studies involving multiple mismatched mHags in more @entity1 are required to confirm this novel characteristic of mHag CTLs as factor for the persistence of complete donor chimerism and @entity1778 remission after allogeneic @entity8 .

title: Possible Role of Minor H Antigens in the Persistence of Donor Chimerism after Stem Cell Transplantation; Relevance for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Sustained Leukemia Remission']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the efficacy of an 8-week direct blood pressure (BP) biofeedback training program for @entity1556 or stage I @entity101 @entity1 with a particular focus on the impact of the authenticity of feedback signals on the efficacy of BP regulation. DESIGNS: This study has a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-nine individuals with ages from 18 to 64 years and who met the criteria for the diagnosis of prehypertenion or stage 1 @entity101 participated in this study. The @entity1 were referrals from physicians or community-dwelling volunteers. No @entity1 had taken antihypertensive medication within the previous 2 months prior to enrollment. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to the biofeedback group (n = 31) trained with real-time BP feedback signals or the control group (n = 28) trained with pseudofeedback signals. The primary outcome measures were @entity13519 (DBP). Systolic BP and DBP were assessed at baseline, 1 week after training (week 9), and 8 weeks after training (week 16) in both groups. Only 54 @entity1 had week 16 data. RESULTS: The changes in @entity13519 and DBP from baseline to week 9, from baseline to week 16, and from week 9 to week 16 were not significantly different between the groups (All P > 0.05). Both groups were able to significantly decrease BP after completing the training. A percentage of 45.2% of the @entity1 in the biofeedback group and 63.0% of the @entity1 in the control group lowered their @entity13519 by 5 mm Hg or more at week 9. The @entity13519 -lowering effects were also maintained for at least 8 weeks after the completion of training. CONCLUSIONS: The equivalent magnitude of BP reduction between the 2 study groups suggests that repeated practice in BP self-regulation was more likely responsible for the efficacy of direct BP biofeedback training than was the type of feedback signals.

title: Effect of Feedback Signal on Blood Pressure Self-regulation Capability in Individuals With XXXX or Stage I @entity101 : A Randomized Controlled Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertensive']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity13519 :: ('8991', 'Gene') :: ['systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP', 'SBP']

answer: @entity1556 :: (MESH:D058246,Disease) :: ['Prehypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the efficacy of an 8-week direct blood pressure (BP) biofeedback training program for @entity1556 or stage I @entity101 @entity1 with a particular focus on the impact of the authenticity of feedback signals on the efficacy of BP regulation. DESIGNS: This study has a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-nine individuals with ages from 18 to 64 years and who met the criteria for the diagnosis of prehypertenion or stage 1 @entity101 participated in this study. The @entity1 were referrals from physicians or community-dwelling volunteers. No @entity1 had taken antihypertensive medication within the previous 2 months prior to enrollment. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to the biofeedback group (n = 31) trained with real-time BP feedback signals or the control group (n = 28) trained with pseudofeedback signals. The primary outcome measures were @entity13519 (DBP). Systolic BP and DBP were assessed at baseline, 1 week after training (week 9), and 8 weeks after training (week 16) in both groups. Only 54 @entity1 had week 16 data. RESULTS: The changes in @entity13519 and DBP from baseline to week 9, from baseline to week 16, and from week 9 to week 16 were not significantly different between the groups (All P > 0.05). Both groups were able to significantly decrease BP after completing the training. A percentage of 45.2% of the @entity1 in the biofeedback group and 63.0% of the @entity1 in the control group lowered their @entity13519 by 5 mm Hg or more at week 9. The @entity13519 -lowering effects were also maintained for at least 8 weeks after the completion of training. CONCLUSIONS: The equivalent magnitude of BP reduction between the 2 study groups suggests that repeated practice in BP self-regulation was more likely responsible for the efficacy of direct BP biofeedback training than was the type of feedback signals.

title: Effect of Feedback Signal on Blood Pressure Self-regulation Capability in Individuals With @entity1556 or Stage I XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Study.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: Peritoneal fluid (PF) lines the abdomen and pelvis and is believed to contain growth factors that stimulate @entity46 , a benign gynecological condition associated with pelvic @entity158 and @entity249 , in which endometrial cells proliferate and differentiate on the pelvic peritoneum, outside of their normal location within the uterus. In this study, we examined the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in seven paired samples of PF and serum from normally cycling @entity1 and examined the mitogenic potential of this fluid on cultured endometrial stromal cells. @entity442 , @entity5100 , and @entity10116 ( @entity10116 ), -2, -3, and -4 were identified in PF by immunoassays. PF IGF levels, determined by RIA, were approximately 60% of paired serum levels, and PF levels of @entity10513 and @entity2301 , determined by Western ligand blotting and RIA, respectively, were approximately half of their serum concentrations. @entity12561 was barely detectable by Western ligand blotting in PF, and levels of @entity10116 , determined by immunoassay, were not appreciably different in PF and serum. Incubation of [125I] @entity5100 with serum and PF and subsequent size-exclusion chromatography at neutral pH revealed approximately equal incorporation of radiolabel in the IGFBP regions of 150 and 44 kilodaltons (kDa) in serum and primarily in the 44-kDa region in PF. RIA of @entity2301 in the IGFBP regions of column effluent revealed that the majority of @entity2301 was in the 150-kDa region in both serum and PF, suggesting the presence of the ternary complex in PF. Western ligand blotting of column effluent samples revealed 37-/43-kDa @entity2301 primarily in the 150-kDa complex in serum and a marked reduction in the amount of the 37-/43-kDa IGFBP in PF. Western immunoblotting of column effluent with @entity2301 antiserum revealed immunoreactive @entity2301 forms of 37-43 kDa (major) and 28 kDa (minor) in serum and almost exclusively the 28-kDa band in PF, suggesting that @entity2301 in PF may be proteolytically processed. The presence of an @entity2301 protease was confirmed using [125I] @entity2301 as substrate and was not appreciably present in paired serum samples. Inhibitor profiles demonstrated that this protease is a metal-independent @entity563 protease, and its approximate relative molecular mass was estimated to be 69 kDa, determined by size-exclusion chromatography. The mitogenic potential of IGF peptides and PF was assessed on cultured endometrial stromal cells to test the hypothesis that IGFs in PF may stimulate the growth of endometrium in the pelvic cavity, for example in the disorder of @entity46 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The insulin-like growth factor system in @entity1 peritoneal fluid: its effects on endometrial stromal cells and its potential relevance to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: Peritoneal fluid (PF) lines the abdomen and pelvis and is believed to contain growth factors that stimulate @entity46 , a benign gynecological condition associated with pelvic @entity158 and @entity249 , in which endometrial cells proliferate and differentiate on the pelvic peritoneum, outside of their normal location within the uterus. In this study, we examined the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in seven paired samples of PF and serum from normally cycling @entity1 and examined the mitogenic potential of this fluid on cultured endometrial stromal cells. @entity442 , @entity5100 , and @entity10116 ( @entity10116 ), -2, -3, and -4 were identified in PF by immunoassays. PF IGF levels, determined by RIA, were approximately 60% of paired serum levels, and PF levels of @entity10513 and @entity2301 , determined by Western ligand blotting and RIA, respectively, were approximately half of their serum concentrations. @entity12561 was barely detectable by Western ligand blotting in PF, and levels of @entity10116 , determined by immunoassay, were not appreciably different in PF and serum. Incubation of [125I] @entity5100 with serum and PF and subsequent size-exclusion chromatography at neutral pH revealed approximately equal incorporation of radiolabel in the IGFBP regions of 150 and 44 kilodaltons (kDa) in serum and primarily in the 44-kDa region in PF. RIA of @entity2301 in the IGFBP regions of column effluent revealed that the majority of @entity2301 was in the 150-kDa region in both serum and PF, suggesting the presence of the ternary complex in PF. Western ligand blotting of column effluent samples revealed 37-/43-kDa @entity2301 primarily in the 150-kDa complex in serum and a marked reduction in the amount of the 37-/43-kDa IGFBP in PF. Western immunoblotting of column effluent with @entity2301 antiserum revealed immunoreactive @entity2301 forms of 37-43 kDa (major) and 28 kDa (minor) in serum and almost exclusively the 28-kDa band in PF, suggesting that @entity2301 in PF may be proteolytically processed. The presence of an @entity2301 protease was confirmed using [125I] @entity2301 as substrate and was not appreciably present in paired serum samples. Inhibitor profiles demonstrated that this protease is a metal-independent @entity563 protease, and its approximate relative molecular mass was estimated to be 69 kDa, determined by size-exclusion chromatography. The mitogenic potential of IGF peptides and PF was assessed on cultured endometrial stromal cells to test the hypothesis that IGFs in PF may stimulate the growth of endometrium in the pelvic cavity, for example in the disorder of @entity46 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The insulin-like growth factor system in XXXX peritoneal fluid: its effects on endometrial stromal cells and its potential relevance to @entity46 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We combined transganglionic tracing methods with postembedding electron microscopic immunocytochemistry to determine whether identified primary afferent fibers terminating in spinal laminae I-IV may use @entity2227 and @entity492 as neurotransmitters. Sciatic injections of @entity3505 -germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish @entity3698 labeled fine afferent fibers with terminals in laminae I-II of the lumbar spinal cord, whereas injections of the B subunit of cholera toxin conjugated to horseradish @entity3698 labeled primary afferent terminals in deeper laminae. Many labeled primary afferent terminals in superficial laminae were involved in glomerular synaptic arrangements; others established nonglomerular contacts. Most glomerular arrangements were clearly immunopositive for @entity2227 , compared with dendrites, astrocytes, or terminals immunopositive for @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ). The degree of enrichment varied in labeled terminals of different morphological types. @entity492 was enriched, though to a lesser degree than @entity2227 , in labeled central terminals of glomeruli in superficial laminae. Labeled primary afferent terminals in laminae III-IV were immunopositive for @entity2227 , though at lower levels than glomerular terminals in superficial laminae. @entity492 was not enriched in these terminals compared with dendrites, glia, and @entity1246 -positive terminals. These results support a neurotransmitter role for @entity2227 in primary afferents to the dorsal horn. Quantitative differences in the content of @entity2227 in identified primary afferent terminals may be related to functional differences. Enrichment of @entity492 in terminals in superficial but not deep laminae is compatible with a role for this @entity535 in sustained, @entity143 -mediated phenomena characteristic of activity in fine caliber afferents.

title: XXXX immunocytochemistry of primary afferent terminals in the rat dorsal horn.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate', 'Aspartate']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['Amino acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1760 ( @entity1025 ) plays a critical role in many physiological processes. @entity1025 transport systems in Salmonella have been well documented, but those in @entity526 have not been fully elucidated. We examined the effects of corA, mgtA, yhiD and corC gene deletion on @entity1025 transport in @entity526 . We obtained every combination of double, triple and quadruple mutants. The corA and mgtA double mutant required addition of 10mMMg(2+) to Luria-Bertani (LB) medium for growth, and the corA, mgtA and yhiD triple mutant TM2 required a higher @entity1025 concentration. The @entity1025 requirement of the quadruple mutant was similar to that of TM2. The results demonstrated that either CorA or MgtA is necessary for normal @entity526 growth in LB medium and that YhiD plays a role in @entity1025 transport under high @entity1025 growth conditions in @entity526 . The @entity958 @entity1025 transporters, @entity71350 and @entity71351 , were heterologously expressed in TM2 cells. TM2 cells expressing @entity71350 and @entity71351 could grow in LB medium that had been supplemented with 1mMMg(2+) and without @entity1025 supplementation, respectively, and cell growth was inhibited by 2mM @entity15484 . The results indicated that the growth of TM2 expressing @entity71350 and @entity71351 reflected these AtMRS2 function for @entity1025 and @entity3775 . The @entity526 TM2 cells are useful for functional analysis of @entity958 MRS2 proteins.

title: @entity1760 uptake of @entity958 transporters, XXXX and @entity71351 , expressed in @entity526 mutants: Complementation and growth inhibition by @entity3775 .

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium']

answer: @entity71350 :: (844430(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['AtMRS2-10']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1760 ( @entity1025 ) plays a critical role in many physiological processes. @entity1025 transport systems in Salmonella have been well documented, but those in @entity526 have not been fully elucidated. We examined the effects of corA, mgtA, yhiD and corC gene deletion on @entity1025 transport in @entity526 . We obtained every combination of double, triple and quadruple mutants. The corA and mgtA double mutant required addition of 10mMMg(2+) to Luria-Bertani (LB) medium for growth, and the corA, mgtA and yhiD triple mutant TM2 required a higher @entity1025 concentration. The @entity1025 requirement of the quadruple mutant was similar to that of TM2. The results demonstrated that either CorA or MgtA is necessary for normal @entity526 growth in LB medium and that YhiD plays a role in @entity1025 transport under high @entity1025 growth conditions in @entity526 . The @entity958 @entity1025 transporters, @entity71350 and @entity71351 , were heterologously expressed in TM2 cells. TM2 cells expressing @entity71350 and @entity71351 could grow in LB medium that had been supplemented with 1mMMg(2+) and without @entity1025 supplementation, respectively, and cell growth was inhibited by 2mM @entity15484 . The results indicated that the growth of TM2 expressing @entity71350 and @entity71351 reflected these AtMRS2 function for @entity1025 and @entity3775 . The @entity526 TM2 cells are useful for functional analysis of @entity958 MRS2 proteins.

title: @entity1760 uptake of @entity958 transporters, @entity71350 and @entity71351 , expressed in @entity526 mutants: Complementation and growth inhibition by XXXX .

answer: @entity3775 :: (MESH:D000535,Chemical) :: ['aluminum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1760 ( @entity1025 ) plays a critical role in many physiological processes. @entity1025 transport systems in Salmonella have been well documented, but those in @entity526 have not been fully elucidated. We examined the effects of corA, mgtA, yhiD and corC gene deletion on @entity1025 transport in @entity526 . We obtained every combination of double, triple and quadruple mutants. The corA and mgtA double mutant required addition of 10mMMg(2+) to Luria-Bertani (LB) medium for growth, and the corA, mgtA and yhiD triple mutant TM2 required a higher @entity1025 concentration. The @entity1025 requirement of the quadruple mutant was similar to that of TM2. The results demonstrated that either CorA or MgtA is necessary for normal @entity526 growth in LB medium and that YhiD plays a role in @entity1025 transport under high @entity1025 growth conditions in @entity526 . The @entity958 @entity1025 transporters, @entity71350 and @entity71351 , were heterologously expressed in TM2 cells. TM2 cells expressing @entity71350 and @entity71351 could grow in LB medium that had been supplemented with 1mMMg(2+) and without @entity1025 supplementation, respectively, and cell growth was inhibited by 2mM @entity15484 . The results indicated that the growth of TM2 expressing @entity71350 and @entity71351 reflected these AtMRS2 function for @entity1025 and @entity3775 . The @entity526 TM2 cells are useful for functional analysis of @entity958 MRS2 proteins.

title: @entity1760 uptake of XXXX transporters, @entity71350 and @entity71351 , expressed in @entity526 mutants: Complementation and growth inhibition by @entity3775 .

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1760 ( @entity1025 ) plays a critical role in many physiological processes. @entity1025 transport systems in Salmonella have been well documented, but those in @entity526 have not been fully elucidated. We examined the effects of corA, mgtA, yhiD and corC gene deletion on @entity1025 transport in @entity526 . We obtained every combination of double, triple and quadruple mutants. The corA and mgtA double mutant required addition of 10mMMg(2+) to Luria-Bertani (LB) medium for growth, and the corA, mgtA and yhiD triple mutant TM2 required a higher @entity1025 concentration. The @entity1025 requirement of the quadruple mutant was similar to that of TM2. The results demonstrated that either CorA or MgtA is necessary for normal @entity526 growth in LB medium and that YhiD plays a role in @entity1025 transport under high @entity1025 growth conditions in @entity526 . The @entity958 @entity1025 transporters, @entity71350 and @entity71351 , were heterologously expressed in TM2 cells. TM2 cells expressing @entity71350 and @entity71351 could grow in LB medium that had been supplemented with 1mMMg(2+) and without @entity1025 supplementation, respectively, and cell growth was inhibited by 2mM @entity15484 . The results indicated that the growth of TM2 expressing @entity71350 and @entity71351 reflected these AtMRS2 function for @entity1025 and @entity3775 . The @entity526 TM2 cells are useful for functional analysis of @entity958 MRS2 proteins.

title: @entity1760 uptake of @entity958 transporters, @entity71350 and @entity71351 , expressed in XXXX mutants: Complementation and growth inhibition by @entity3775 .

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1760 ( @entity1025 ) plays a critical role in many physiological processes. @entity1025 transport systems in Salmonella have been well documented, but those in @entity526 have not been fully elucidated. We examined the effects of corA, mgtA, yhiD and corC gene deletion on @entity1025 transport in @entity526 . We obtained every combination of double, triple and quadruple mutants. The corA and mgtA double mutant required addition of 10mMMg(2+) to Luria-Bertani (LB) medium for growth, and the corA, mgtA and yhiD triple mutant TM2 required a higher @entity1025 concentration. The @entity1025 requirement of the quadruple mutant was similar to that of TM2. The results demonstrated that either CorA or MgtA is necessary for normal @entity526 growth in LB medium and that YhiD plays a role in @entity1025 transport under high @entity1025 growth conditions in @entity526 . The @entity958 @entity1025 transporters, @entity71350 and @entity71351 , were heterologously expressed in TM2 cells. TM2 cells expressing @entity71350 and @entity71351 could grow in LB medium that had been supplemented with 1mMMg(2+) and without @entity1025 supplementation, respectively, and cell growth was inhibited by 2mM @entity15484 . The results indicated that the growth of TM2 expressing @entity71350 and @entity71351 reflected these AtMRS2 function for @entity1025 and @entity3775 . The @entity526 TM2 cells are useful for functional analysis of @entity958 MRS2 proteins.

title: @entity1760 uptake of @entity958 transporters, @entity71350 and XXXX , expressed in @entity526 mutants: Complementation and growth inhibition by @entity3775 .

answer: @entity71351 :: (832346(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['AtMRS2-11']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1760 ( @entity1025 ) plays a critical role in many physiological processes. @entity1025 transport systems in Salmonella have been well documented, but those in @entity526 have not been fully elucidated. We examined the effects of corA, mgtA, yhiD and corC gene deletion on @entity1025 transport in @entity526 . We obtained every combination of double, triple and quadruple mutants. The corA and mgtA double mutant required addition of 10mMMg(2+) to Luria-Bertani (LB) medium for growth, and the corA, mgtA and yhiD triple mutant TM2 required a higher @entity1025 concentration. The @entity1025 requirement of the quadruple mutant was similar to that of TM2. The results demonstrated that either CorA or MgtA is necessary for normal @entity526 growth in LB medium and that YhiD plays a role in @entity1025 transport under high @entity1025 growth conditions in @entity526 . The @entity958 @entity1025 transporters, @entity71350 and @entity71351 , were heterologously expressed in TM2 cells. TM2 cells expressing @entity71350 and @entity71351 could grow in LB medium that had been supplemented with 1mMMg(2+) and without @entity1025 supplementation, respectively, and cell growth was inhibited by 2mM @entity15484 . The results indicated that the growth of TM2 expressing @entity71350 and @entity71351 reflected these AtMRS2 function for @entity1025 and @entity3775 . The @entity526 TM2 cells are useful for functional analysis of @entity958 MRS2 proteins.

title: XXXX uptake of @entity958 transporters, @entity71350 and @entity71351 , expressed in @entity526 mutants: Complementation and growth inhibition by @entity3775 .

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium']


abstract: 1. We have used a pulsatile cascade bioassay system to investigate the effects of dietary-induced hypercholesterolaemia on EDRF release evoked by @entity934 and by the oscillatory and time-averaged components of flow, in isolated segments of @entity95 abdominal aorta. 2. Flow pulsatility (frequency range 0.1-10 Hz) was studied with constant flow (9 ml min-1) at a pulse pressure amplitude of 2 mmHg. Frequency-related EDRF release, maximal at 6 Hz, was slightly attenuated after 4 weeks and abolished after 8 weeks of @entity165 feeding. 3. Time-averaged shear stress was manipulated with dextran (1-4% w/v, 80000 mol. wt.), to increase perfusate viscosity. EDRF release induced by increased perfusate viscosity was unaffected after 4 weeks but abolished after 8 weeks of @entity165 feeding. 4. Endothelium-dependent relaxations to @entity934 (0.1-10 microM) were not influenced after 4 weeks and only partially attenuated (by 60% of the maximal response, EC50 unchanged at 6.45 +/- 0.04 vs. 6.4 +/- 0.1 microM) after 8 weeks of @entity165 feeding. 5. Blood @entity165 levels were significantly (P < 0.001) increased after 4 weeks (26 +/- 3.6 vs 2.6 +/- 0.6 mmol l-1) and 8 weeks (56.2 +/- 3.8 vs 1.3 +/- 0.1 mmol l-1) of @entity165 feeding but after 8 weeks plasma @entity534 levels were not significantly different from the age-matched controls (0.2 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.04 mmol l-1). 6. We conclude that hypercholesterolaemia impairs flow-related (pulsatile- and time-averaged shear-induced) EDRF release earlier than @entity934 -induced relaxation in @entity95 aorta. This is consistent with the view that different transduction mechanisms mediate EDRF release in response to agonists and flow.

title: Abolition of flow-dependent EDRF release before that evoked by agonists in hypercholesterolaemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The different cytoarchitectonic regions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have recently been shown to play divergent roles in associative learning in @entity95 . To determine if these subareas of the mPFC, including areas 24 (anterior cingulate cortex), 25 (infralimbic cortex), and 32 (prelimbic cortex) have differential efferent connections with other cortical and subcortical areas in the @entity95 , anterograde and retrograde tracing experiments were performed using the @entity11297 leukoagglutinin (PHA-L), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) techniques. All three areas showed local dorsal-ventral projections into each of the other areas, and a contralateral projection to the homologous area on the other side of the brain. All three also revealed a trajectory through the striatum, resulting in heavy innervation of the caudate nucleus, the claustrum, and a lighter projection to the agranular insular cortex. The thalamic projections of areas 24 and 32 were similar, but not identical, with projections to the @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ) and all of the midline nuclei. However, the primary thalamic projections from area 25 were to the intralaminar and midline nuclei. All three areas also projected to the ventromedial and to a lesser extent to the ventral posterior thalamic nuclei. Projections were also observed in the @entity2339 , in an area just lateral to the descending limb of the fornix. Amygdala projections from areas 32 and 24 were primarily to the lateral, basolateral and basomedial nuclei, but area 25 also projected to the central nucleus. All three areas also showed projections to the midbrain periaqueductal central gray, median raphe nucleus, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and pontine nuclei. However, only areas 24 and the more dorsal portions of area 32 projected to the superior colliculus. Area 25 and the ventral portions of area 32 also showed a bilateral projection to the parabrachial nuclei and dorsal and ventral medulla. The dorsal portions of area 32, and all of area 24 were, however, devoid of these projections. It is suggested that these differential projections are responsible for the diverse roles that the cytoarchitectonic subfields of the mPFC have been demonstrated to play in associative learning.

title: Efferent connections of the medial prefrontal cortex in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['lateral hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mediodorsal nucleus']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32489 ( @entity32489 ) syndrome is an @entity1112 also known as MIDAS ( @entity4353 , dermal @entity3894 , and @entity46622 ). Additional clinical features include neurological and @entity299 . @entity32489 is genetically heterogeneous given that heterozygous mutations in @entity5462 or @entity8211 have been identified in @entity32489 -affected females. Both genes encode proteins involved in the structure and function of complexes III and IV, which form the terminal segment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). However, not all individuals with @entity32489 carry a mutation in either @entity5462 or @entity8211 . The majority of @entity32489 -affected females have severe skewing of X chromosome inactivation, suggesting that mutations in @entity5462 , @entity8211 , and other as-yet-unidentified X-linked gene(s) cause selective loss of cells in which the mutated X chromosome is active. By applying whole-exome sequencing and filtering for X-chromosomal variants, we identified a de novo nonsense mutation in @entity44172 (Xp11.23) in one female individual and a heterozygous 1-bp deletion in a second individual, her asymptomatic mother, and an affected aborted fetus of the subject's mother. @entity44172 encodes one of 30 poorly characterized supernumerary subunits of @entity2125 : @entity12931 oxidoreductase, known as complex I (cI), the first and largest enzyme of the MRC. By shRNA-mediated @entity44172 knockdown in HeLa cells, we demonstrate that @entity44172 is essential for cI assembly and activity as well as cell growth and survival. These results demonstrate that @entity74 leading to the complete inactivation of complex I, III, or IV underlie @entity32489 . Our data reveal an unexpected role of cI dysfunction in a developmental phenotype, further underscoring the existence of a group of @entity2383 associated with neurocutaneous manifestations.

title: Mutations in XXXX , Encoding a Complex I Component of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain, Cause @entity4353 with Linear Skin Defects Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity32489 :: ('MESH:C537466', 'Disease') :: ['Microphthalmia with linear skin defects', 'MLS syndrome', 'MLS']

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked male-lethal disorder']

entities_list: @entity46622 :: ('MESH:C565209', 'Disease') :: ['sclerocornea']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial diseases']

answer: @entity44172 :: (54539,Gene) :: ['NDUFB11']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32489 ( @entity32489 ) syndrome is an @entity1112 also known as MIDAS ( @entity4353 , dermal @entity3894 , and @entity46622 ). Additional clinical features include neurological and @entity299 . @entity32489 is genetically heterogeneous given that heterozygous mutations in @entity5462 or @entity8211 have been identified in @entity32489 -affected females. Both genes encode proteins involved in the structure and function of complexes III and IV, which form the terminal segment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). However, not all individuals with @entity32489 carry a mutation in either @entity5462 or @entity8211 . The majority of @entity32489 -affected females have severe skewing of X chromosome inactivation, suggesting that mutations in @entity5462 , @entity8211 , and other as-yet-unidentified X-linked gene(s) cause selective loss of cells in which the mutated X chromosome is active. By applying whole-exome sequencing and filtering for X-chromosomal variants, we identified a de novo nonsense mutation in @entity44172 (Xp11.23) in one female individual and a heterozygous 1-bp deletion in a second individual, her asymptomatic mother, and an affected aborted fetus of the subject's mother. @entity44172 encodes one of 30 poorly characterized supernumerary subunits of @entity2125 : @entity12931 oxidoreductase, known as complex I (cI), the first and largest enzyme of the MRC. By shRNA-mediated @entity44172 knockdown in HeLa cells, we demonstrate that @entity44172 is essential for cI assembly and activity as well as cell growth and survival. These results demonstrate that @entity74 leading to the complete inactivation of complex I, III, or IV underlie @entity32489 . Our data reveal an unexpected role of cI dysfunction in a developmental phenotype, further underscoring the existence of a group of @entity2383 associated with neurocutaneous manifestations.

title: Mutations in @entity44172 , Encoding a Complex I Component of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain, Cause XXXX with Linear Skin Defects Syndrome.

answer: @entity4353 :: (MESH:D008850,Disease) :: ['Microphthalmia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the difference in Blood Pressure (BP) readings taken before, during and after the clinic encounter. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Cardiology Clinic, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January to August 2013. METHODOLOGY: @entity101 and normotensive @entity1 aged    18 years were recruited. Pre-clinic BP was measured by a nurse and in-clinic BP by a physician. After 15 minutes, two post-clinic BP readings were taken at 1 minute interval. All readings were taken using Omron HEM7221-E. RESULTS: Out of 180 @entity1 , males were 57% and 130 (71%) were @entity101 . Mean SBP (Systolic BP) taken preclinic, in-clinic, post-clinic 1 and post-clinic 2 were: 126    20 mmHg, 131    23 mmHg, 126    20 mmHg and 121    21 mmHg respectively (p < 0.001). Mean @entity551 ( @entity551 ) taken pre-clinic, in-clinic, post-clinic 1 and post-clinic 2 were 77    12 mmHg, 81    13 mmHg, 79    12 mmHg and 79    11 mmHg respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: BP taken in the post-clinic setting may significantly be the lowest reading in a clinic encounter, making in-clinic BP unreliable to diagnose or manage @entity101 .

title: Are BP Readings Taken After a XXXX -Physician Encounter in a Real-World Clinic Scenario the Lowest of All the Readings in a Clinic Visit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['DBP', 'Diastolic BP']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small @entity5 and inflammatory lesions have similar endoscopic findings and are difficult to differentiate. Narrow-band imaging (NBI) can visualize microvessels and mucosal microstructure clearly and is widely used to diagnose early gastric and @entity694 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of NBI for differentiating @entity5 from benign diseases. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary-care hospital. @entity1 : All 45 @entity1 who had suspicious @entity75 (enlarged or protruded morphology) during duodenoscopy and underwent NBI between March 2010 and January  2011. INTERVENTIONS: NBI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: NBI images were assessed for irregular villous arrangement, irregular villous size, ridge disappearance, demarcation with normal villi, and abnormal microvasculature. Histology of NBI-guided lesion biopsy specimens provided the final diagnoses. Agreement between NBI images and histologic findings was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 60 @entity75 , 11, 26, and 23 were @entity420 , @entity652 , and benign inflammatory diseases, respectively. Irregular villous arrangement, irregular villous size, ridge disappearance, demarcation with normal villi, and abnormal microvasculature were observed in 45%, 63%, 50%, 48%, and 58% of the lesions, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that irregular villous arrangement (odds ratio [OR] 15.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.38-64.12; P  < .001) and abnormal microvasculature (OR 86.63; 95% CI, 14.56-515.41; P  < .001) were significant independent factors for identifying ampullary @entity652 and @entity420 . All @entity5 had at least one abnormal NBI feature. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design. CONCLUSION: The NBI findings of irregular villous arrangement and/or abnormal microvasculature were useful for differentially diagnosing @entity5 . NBI may complement the accurate diagnosis of @entity75 by white-light imaging.

title: Usefulness of white-light imaging-guided narrow-band imaging for the differential diagnosis of small XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary lesions']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['ampullary lesions']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Beta cell death is a hallmark of @entity6 . It is not known whether specific cellular stresses associated with type 1 or type 2 @entity6 require specific factors to protect pancreatic beta cells. No systematic comparison of endogenous soluble factors in the context of multiple pro-apoptotic conditions has been published. METHODS: Primary @entity19 islet cells were cultured in conditions mimicking five type 1 or type 2 @entity6 -related stresses: basal 5  mmol/l @entity413 , cytokine cocktail (25  ng/ml @entity637 , 10  ng/ml @entity635 , 10  ng/ml IFN-y), 1   mol/l @entity2426 , 1.5  mmol/l palmitate and 20  mmol/l @entity413 (all in the absence of serum). We surveyed the effects of a library of 206 endogenous factors (selected based on islet expression of their receptors) on islet cell survival through multi-parameter, live-cell imaging. RESULTS: Our survey pointed to survival factors exhibiting generalised protective effects across conditions meant to model different types of @entity6 and stages of the diseases. For example, our survey and follow-up experiments suggested that @entity71352 is a novel protective factor for @entity19 and @entity1 beta cells across multiple conditions. Most strikingly, we also found specific protective survival factors for each model @entity66 . For example, @entity71353 ( @entity71353 ) was toxic to islet cells in the serum-free baseline and serum-free 20  mmol/l @entity413 conditions, but protective in the context of lipotoxicity. Rank product testing supported the consistency of our observations. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Collectively, our survey reveals previously unidentified islet cell survival factors and suggest their potential utility in individualised medicine.

title: A live-cell, high-content imaging survey of 206 endogenous factors across five stress conditions reveals context-dependent survival effects in XXXX primary beta cells.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stress condition']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity99 is a rare @entity5 that accounts for 2% of all hepatic primary @entity5 . The diagnosis is difficult, especially if the @entity1 does not have history of exposure to carcinogens, which are considered as risk factors. The diagnosis is made by histopathology, but in a considerable percentage it can only be accomplished by autopsy. The performing of fine needle aspiration biopsy can lead to @entity548 , with limitations in its use. CLINICAL CASE: A 41 year-old male, with no history of exposure to carcinogens, who developed @entity490 secondary to a haemoperitoneum due to @entity5 rupture, was diagnosed by imaging methods with a giant cavernous @entity99 . He was initially treated with embolisation, and later with a liver transplant. After six months he developed haemoptysis secondary to lung metastasis. The autopsy reported metastatic @entity99 . DISCUSSION: This condition has been related to carcinogen exposure, with malignant transformation from a benign vascular @entity5 being proposed as a hypothesis. The differential diagnosis can be achieved with imaging studies such as CT scan, and the definitive diagnosis is made by histopathology with immunohistochemistry tests, with 35%-100% being made in the autopsy. CONCLUSION: @entity99 is a @entity5 , the potential curative option is surgery with @entity5 free margins. Liver transplantation remains controversial because of its poor prognosis in the short term.

title: [ XXXX and liver transplantation: case report and literature review].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant vascular neoplasia', 'vascular malignancy', 'tumours', 'neoplasia', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic angiosarcoma', 'hepatic haemangioma', 'hepatic angiosarcoma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic angiosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The spleen is important for @entity299 induced by @entity583 . However, the role of the spleen in @entity82 induced by pressure overload is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether splenectomy ( @entity1601 ) attenuates or exacerbates pressure overload-induced @entity82 and vulnerability to @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity35 . METHODS: Male @entity35 (6 weeks old) were divided into Sham+Sham, Sham+ @entity1601 , abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)+Sham, and AAC+ @entity1601 groups, and were evaluated for @entity32 , @entity82 , and @entity955 on days 2, 4, 14, and 28. RESULTS: On day 4, an AAC-induced rise in @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ) level was observed in the spleen, serum, and left atrium (LA), with @entity1601 showing inhibitory effects in the latter 2 instances. In addition, AAC-induced M2 macrophage recruitment into the LA was decreased by @entity1601 , as determined by immunofluorescence labeling (P <.05). On day 28, AAC-induced heterogeneous @entity82 of the LA was enhanced by @entity1601 (P <.05). Electrophysiologic recordings revealed that the duration of @entity955 and prolongation of interatrial conduction time induced by AAC were increased by @entity1601 (P < .01 and P <.05, respectively). Furthermore, in the AAC+ @entity1601 group, the number of macrophages infiltrating into the LA on day 2 was marginal, but increased on day 28 relative to the AAC+Sham group. @entity13358 administration attenuated the AAC-induced atrial remodeling that was aggravated by @entity1601 . CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that @entity1601 exacerbates AAC-induced @entity82 and increases vulnerability to @entity955 after 4 weeks, likely because of depletion of spleen-derived @entity13358 .

title: Splenectomy exacerbates XXXX and vulnerability to @entity955 induced by pressure overload in @entity35 : Possible role of spleen-derived @entity13358 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory atrial fibrosis', 'interstitial fibrosis', 'atrial inflammatory fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['atrial inflammatory fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The spleen is important for @entity299 induced by @entity583 . However, the role of the spleen in @entity82 induced by pressure overload is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether splenectomy ( @entity1601 ) attenuates or exacerbates pressure overload-induced @entity82 and vulnerability to @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity35 . METHODS: Male @entity35 (6 weeks old) were divided into Sham+Sham, Sham+ @entity1601 , abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)+Sham, and AAC+ @entity1601 groups, and were evaluated for @entity32 , @entity82 , and @entity955 on days 2, 4, 14, and 28. RESULTS: On day 4, an AAC-induced rise in @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ) level was observed in the spleen, serum, and left atrium (LA), with @entity1601 showing inhibitory effects in the latter 2 instances. In addition, AAC-induced M2 macrophage recruitment into the LA was decreased by @entity1601 , as determined by immunofluorescence labeling (P <.05). On day 28, AAC-induced heterogeneous @entity82 of the LA was enhanced by @entity1601 (P <.05). Electrophysiologic recordings revealed that the duration of @entity955 and prolongation of interatrial conduction time induced by AAC were increased by @entity1601 (P < .01 and P <.05, respectively). Furthermore, in the AAC+ @entity1601 group, the number of macrophages infiltrating into the LA on day 2 was marginal, but increased on day 28 relative to the AAC+Sham group. @entity13358 administration attenuated the AAC-induced atrial remodeling that was aggravated by @entity1601 . CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that @entity1601 exacerbates AAC-induced @entity82 and increases vulnerability to @entity955 after 4 weeks, likely because of depletion of spleen-derived @entity13358 .

title: Splenectomy exacerbates @entity82 and vulnerability to @entity955 induced by pressure overload in @entity35 : Possible role of spleen-derived XXXX .

answer: @entity13358 :: (25325(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['interleukin-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The spleen is important for @entity299 induced by @entity583 . However, the role of the spleen in @entity82 induced by pressure overload is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether splenectomy ( @entity1601 ) attenuates or exacerbates pressure overload-induced @entity82 and vulnerability to @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity35 . METHODS: Male @entity35 (6 weeks old) were divided into Sham+Sham, Sham+ @entity1601 , abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)+Sham, and AAC+ @entity1601 groups, and were evaluated for @entity32 , @entity82 , and @entity955 on days 2, 4, 14, and 28. RESULTS: On day 4, an AAC-induced rise in @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ) level was observed in the spleen, serum, and left atrium (LA), with @entity1601 showing inhibitory effects in the latter 2 instances. In addition, AAC-induced M2 macrophage recruitment into the LA was decreased by @entity1601 , as determined by immunofluorescence labeling (P <.05). On day 28, AAC-induced heterogeneous @entity82 of the LA was enhanced by @entity1601 (P <.05). Electrophysiologic recordings revealed that the duration of @entity955 and prolongation of interatrial conduction time induced by AAC were increased by @entity1601 (P < .01 and P <.05, respectively). Furthermore, in the AAC+ @entity1601 group, the number of macrophages infiltrating into the LA on day 2 was marginal, but increased on day 28 relative to the AAC+Sham group. @entity13358 administration attenuated the AAC-induced atrial remodeling that was aggravated by @entity1601 . CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that @entity1601 exacerbates AAC-induced @entity82 and increases vulnerability to @entity955 after 4 weeks, likely because of depletion of spleen-derived @entity13358 .

title: Splenectomy exacerbates @entity82 and vulnerability to XXXX induced by pressure overload in @entity35 : Possible role of spleen-derived @entity13358 .

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The spleen is important for @entity299 induced by @entity583 . However, the role of the spleen in @entity82 induced by pressure overload is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether splenectomy ( @entity1601 ) attenuates or exacerbates pressure overload-induced @entity82 and vulnerability to @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity35 . METHODS: Male @entity35 (6 weeks old) were divided into Sham+Sham, Sham+ @entity1601 , abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)+Sham, and AAC+ @entity1601 groups, and were evaluated for @entity32 , @entity82 , and @entity955 on days 2, 4, 14, and 28. RESULTS: On day 4, an AAC-induced rise in @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ) level was observed in the spleen, serum, and left atrium (LA), with @entity1601 showing inhibitory effects in the latter 2 instances. In addition, AAC-induced M2 macrophage recruitment into the LA was decreased by @entity1601 , as determined by immunofluorescence labeling (P <.05). On day 28, AAC-induced heterogeneous @entity82 of the LA was enhanced by @entity1601 (P <.05). Electrophysiologic recordings revealed that the duration of @entity955 and prolongation of interatrial conduction time induced by AAC were increased by @entity1601 (P < .01 and P <.05, respectively). Furthermore, in the AAC+ @entity1601 group, the number of macrophages infiltrating into the LA on day 2 was marginal, but increased on day 28 relative to the AAC+Sham group. @entity13358 administration attenuated the AAC-induced atrial remodeling that was aggravated by @entity1601 . CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that @entity1601 exacerbates AAC-induced @entity82 and increases vulnerability to @entity955 after 4 weeks, likely because of depletion of spleen-derived @entity13358 .

title: Splenectomy exacerbates @entity82 and vulnerability to @entity955 induced by pressure overload in XXXX : Possible role of spleen-derived @entity13358 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Deficits in emotion processing and social interaction are prominent symptoms of @entity72 ( @entity72 ). @entity72 has also been associated with @entity146 tendencies towards self and others. The prevalence of @entity146 in this disorder, its etiology and its impact on social life are still unclear. This study investigated behavioral and physiological effects of social provocation in @entity1 with @entity72 and healthy controls. We used a modified Taylor Aggression Paradigm in 24 high-functioning @entity1 with @entity72 and 24 healthy controls. @entity1 were instructed to play against a fictitious @entity1 opponent. Money withdrawals toward the @entity1 represented provocation and money deduction by the @entity1 denoted @entity146 . Throughout the measurement, electrodermal activity (EDA) was recorded. Healthy controls showed higher @entity146 responses to high provocation compared to low provocation, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the used procedure in eliciting @entity146 . @entity1 ' responses were not influenced by the level of social provocation, although in both groups @entity146 was higher after lost compared to won trials. Physiologically, controls showed fewer but higher EDA amplitudes when responding aggressively, whereas @entity1 displayed the opposite pattern of more but lower EDA amplitudes. The modified Taylor Aggression Paradigm successfully elicited @entity146 and revealed different behavioral and neurophysiological responses in @entity1 and healthy controls. @entity1 ' @entity146 as well as their physiological responses were less modulated by level of provocation compared to controls. Therapeutic attempts for @entity1 might concentrate on improving empathic abilities and the understanding of social situations, including provocation and @entity146 . @entity2438 Res 2015.    2015 International Society for @entity2438 Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Reduced Responsiveness to Social Provocation in XXXX Spectrum Disorder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressive behavior', 'aggressive']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['Autism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Analyzing preoperative parameters to help determine the risk of a random or systematic prostate needle biopsy specimen detecting an incidental microscopic @entity263 . METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 28 @entity1 who had < or = 3 mm of Gleason grade (Glgr) < or = 2 (score < or = 4) @entity263 in their prostate biopsy specimen and subsequently underwent a radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). Histopathologic review of the RRP specimen was carefully performed to determine the respective @entity5 volume, number of @entity5 foci, pathologic stage, Glgr, and score. @entity1486 (PSA) levels and the calculated PSA density (PSAD) were recorded for each case. RESULTS: Sixteen of the 28 (57%) RRP specimens contained a very small well-differentiated @entity5 (< or = 0.2 cc); 7 (25%) @entity5 were minimally larger (0.2 to 0.5 cc); and 2 specimens (7%) contained a large @entity5 (4 and 6 cc) only sampled by the biopsy specimen. Mean PSA levels and PSAD values both significantly differentiated @entity5 < or = 0.5 cc from those > 0.5 cc (p < 0.005). PSA < or = 4 vs PSAD < or = 0.1 correctly identified 12 of 23 (52%) vs 22 of 23 (96%) @entity5 < or = 0.5 cc, and 10 of 16 (63%) vs 15 of 16 (94%) @entity5 < or = 0.2 cc, respectively; both parameters excluded 4 of 5 (80%) @entity5 > 0.5 cc. PSA < or = 4 vs PSAD < or = 0.1 identified 13 of 25 (52%) vs 24 of 25 (96%) organ-confined @entity5 , respectively, and both parameters excluded the 2 specimen-confined and 1 margin-positive @entity5 . Thus, PSAD had an excellent ability to differentiate the @entity5 based on their volumes. All @entity5 < or = 0.5 cc in the RRP specimen were organ-confined and postoperative serial PSA levels remained < 0.4 in these @entity1 at a mean follow-up of 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that a @entity1 who has a random or systematic prostate biopsy specimen that contains < or = 3 mm of Glgr < or = 2 @entity263 and a PSAD < or = 0.1 is at a substantial risk (82%) of being diagnosed with an incidental, organ-confined, and probably insignificant, microscopic @entity263 .

title: XXXX : analysis of preoperative parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Identification of insignificant prostate cancers']


abstract: The primary donor @entity5 was a spontaneous @entity5 which arose in a 348-day-old female @entity71354 @entity19 . The pedigree number of that @entity19 was 0901-1423. The @entity19 was sacrificed for serial s.c. transplantation with 3 isogeneic hosts on January 19, 1989 and a total of 27 generations succeeded by the end of April, 1992. The primary donor @entity5 was diagnosed pathologically as a type B @entity19 @entity420 (Dunn 1959). The incidence of this serial s.c. transplantation @entity5 is 100% after inoculation. The latency period is 4-7 days and the lifetime of tumorbearing @entity19 is about 47 days. The spontaneous metastatic rates in the lungs was 100% after the 11th generations. The earliest metastasis seen in the lung under light microscopy was on the 10th day after inoculation, and the earliest seen by gross examination was on about the 35th day. The transplanted @entity5 grew slowly from the 4th day to the 21st day after inoculation and then grew rather fast from the 22nd to the 47th day. The average size of the transplanted @entity5 obtained from 10 recipient @entity19 on the 47th day after inoculation was 4.93cm3. Seven anticancer drugs were administered respectively for a sensitivity test. The taking rates of the transplanted @entity5 using 4 of the 7 drugs were as follows: @entity1487 29.27% (P < 0.05); thio-tepa 44.80% (P < 0.01); @entity786 95.31% (P < 0.01); and @entity1732 96.27% (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A @entity19 model of XXXX (VI TA2MA-891) with high rate of spontaneous metastases in the lungs].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumor']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['mammary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['mammary adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The primary donor @entity5 was a spontaneous @entity5 which arose in a 348-day-old female @entity71354 @entity19 . The pedigree number of that @entity19 was 0901-1423. The @entity19 was sacrificed for serial s.c. transplantation with 3 isogeneic hosts on January 19, 1989 and a total of 27 generations succeeded by the end of April, 1992. The primary donor @entity5 was diagnosed pathologically as a type B @entity19 @entity420 (Dunn 1959). The incidence of this serial s.c. transplantation @entity5 is 100% after inoculation. The latency period is 4-7 days and the lifetime of tumorbearing @entity19 is about 47 days. The spontaneous metastatic rates in the lungs was 100% after the 11th generations. The earliest metastasis seen in the lung under light microscopy was on the 10th day after inoculation, and the earliest seen by gross examination was on about the 35th day. The transplanted @entity5 grew slowly from the 4th day to the 21st day after inoculation and then grew rather fast from the 22nd to the 47th day. The average size of the transplanted @entity5 obtained from 10 recipient @entity19 on the 47th day after inoculation was 4.93cm3. Seven anticancer drugs were administered respectively for a sensitivity test. The taking rates of the transplanted @entity5 using 4 of the 7 drugs were as follows: @entity1487 29.27% (P < 0.05); thio-tepa 44.80% (P < 0.01); @entity786 95.31% (P < 0.01); and @entity1732 96.27% (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A XXXX model of @entity420 (VI TA2MA-891) with high rate of spontaneous metastases in the lungs].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Objective. To analyze the perception in relation to when and how to perform actions for the early detection of breast and cervical @entity5 among @entity1 and health care providers in communities with a high percentage of indigenous population in Morelos, Mexico. Materials and methods. Ten health providers and 58 @entity1 users of health services were interviewed which have a first level of attention in five communities. The analysis was developed under the approach of the Grounded Theory. Results. Providers are poorly informed about current regulations and specific clinical indications for the detection of cervical and @entity0 . Few propitiate health literacy under intercultural sensitization. The users have imprecise or wrong notions of the early detection. Conclusions. The need for training in adherence to norms is evident. It is urgent to assume a culturally relevant approach to enable efficient communication and promote health literacy for early detection of these two @entity5 .

title: [Early detection of breast and cervical XXXX among indigenous communities in Morelos, Mexico].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Hormone release in culture in response to @entity10567 was examined in 28 @entity1 @entity977 : 10 null cell @entity652 , 4 gonadotropin-, 6 GH-, 6 ACTH-, and 2 PRL-producing @entity652 . The effects of @entity11697 were compared with those of the classical hypothalamic releasing hormones and other activators of intracellular signaling pathways. @entity11697 significantly stimulated GH release from 1 @entity5 (125 +/- 3% of control; P < 0.05) and ACTH release from 3 @entity5 (134 +/- 6%, 136 +/- 7%, and 137 +/- 9% of control; P < 0.05). The effects of @entity11697 were less potent than either @entity7704 on GH release in the @entity5 or @entity6192 on ACTH release in the @entity5 but similar to the responses seen with the @entity268 analog @entity5987 ( @entity7410 ). No detectable effects of @entity11697 on hormone release from null cell, gonadotropin-, or PRL-producing @entity652 were observed. Of the 5 somatotrope @entity5 that failed to respond to @entity11697 , all also failed to respond to either @entity7410 , @entity1218 , or @entity7704 . Of the @entity5 that failed to respond, 2 of the 3 also failed to respond to @entity6192 . In addition to eliciting hormone release appropriate to the @entity5 type, @entity11697 also stimulated glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (alpha SU) release from one @entity5 (229 +/- 35% of control, P < 0.01) and one @entity5 (149 +/- 4% of control; P < 0.01). This response was not mimicked by @entity7410 in the @entity5 , but in the @entity5 a significant alpha SU release was also seen after stimulation with the protein kinase C activator @entity864 and @entity7410 . These results suggest that the novel hypothalamic peptide @entity11697 has a modest role in the regulation of GH, ACTH, and alpha SU secretion from some @entity1 @entity5 pituitary corticotropes and somatotropes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate the effects of @entity10567 on hormone secretion by these @entity5 types.

title: Effects of @entity10567 on hormone secretion by @entity1 XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['corticotrope tumor', 'tumors', 'tumor', 'corticotrope tumors', 'tumourous', 'somatotrope tumor']

entities_list: @entity10567 :: ('116', 'Gene') :: ['pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)', 'PACAP']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: Hormone release in culture in response to @entity10567 was examined in 28 @entity1 @entity977 : 10 null cell @entity652 , 4 gonadotropin-, 6 GH-, 6 ACTH-, and 2 PRL-producing @entity652 . The effects of @entity11697 were compared with those of the classical hypothalamic releasing hormones and other activators of intracellular signaling pathways. @entity11697 significantly stimulated GH release from 1 @entity5 (125 +/- 3% of control; P < 0.05) and ACTH release from 3 @entity5 (134 +/- 6%, 136 +/- 7%, and 137 +/- 9% of control; P < 0.05). The effects of @entity11697 were less potent than either @entity7704 on GH release in the @entity5 or @entity6192 on ACTH release in the @entity5 but similar to the responses seen with the @entity268 analog @entity5987 ( @entity7410 ). No detectable effects of @entity11697 on hormone release from null cell, gonadotropin-, or PRL-producing @entity652 were observed. Of the 5 somatotrope @entity5 that failed to respond to @entity11697 , all also failed to respond to either @entity7410 , @entity1218 , or @entity7704 . Of the @entity5 that failed to respond, 2 of the 3 also failed to respond to @entity6192 . In addition to eliciting hormone release appropriate to the @entity5 type, @entity11697 also stimulated glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (alpha SU) release from one @entity5 (229 +/- 35% of control, P < 0.01) and one @entity5 (149 +/- 4% of control; P < 0.01). This response was not mimicked by @entity7410 in the @entity5 , but in the @entity5 a significant alpha SU release was also seen after stimulation with the protein kinase C activator @entity864 and @entity7410 . These results suggest that the novel hypothalamic peptide @entity11697 has a modest role in the regulation of GH, ACTH, and alpha SU secretion from some @entity1 @entity5 pituitary corticotropes and somatotropes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate the effects of @entity10567 on hormone secretion by these @entity5 types.

title: Effects of XXXX on hormone secretion by @entity1 @entity977 in vitro.

answer: @entity10567 :: (116,Gene) :: ['pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide']


abstract: Hormone release in culture in response to @entity10567 was examined in 28 @entity1 @entity977 : 10 null cell @entity652 , 4 gonadotropin-, 6 GH-, 6 ACTH-, and 2 PRL-producing @entity652 . The effects of @entity11697 were compared with those of the classical hypothalamic releasing hormones and other activators of intracellular signaling pathways. @entity11697 significantly stimulated GH release from 1 @entity5 (125 +/- 3% of control; P < 0.05) and ACTH release from 3 @entity5 (134 +/- 6%, 136 +/- 7%, and 137 +/- 9% of control; P < 0.05). The effects of @entity11697 were less potent than either @entity7704 on GH release in the @entity5 or @entity6192 on ACTH release in the @entity5 but similar to the responses seen with the @entity268 analog @entity5987 ( @entity7410 ). No detectable effects of @entity11697 on hormone release from null cell, gonadotropin-, or PRL-producing @entity652 were observed. Of the 5 somatotrope @entity5 that failed to respond to @entity11697 , all also failed to respond to either @entity7410 , @entity1218 , or @entity7704 . Of the @entity5 that failed to respond, 2 of the 3 also failed to respond to @entity6192 . In addition to eliciting hormone release appropriate to the @entity5 type, @entity11697 also stimulated glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (alpha SU) release from one @entity5 (229 +/- 35% of control, P < 0.01) and one @entity5 (149 +/- 4% of control; P < 0.01). This response was not mimicked by @entity7410 in the @entity5 , but in the @entity5 a significant alpha SU release was also seen after stimulation with the protein kinase C activator @entity864 and @entity7410 . These results suggest that the novel hypothalamic peptide @entity11697 has a modest role in the regulation of GH, ACTH, and alpha SU secretion from some @entity1 @entity5 pituitary corticotropes and somatotropes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate the effects of @entity10567 on hormone secretion by these @entity5 types.

title: Effects of @entity10567 on hormone secretion by XXXX @entity977 in vitro.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']