abstract: AIMS: Little is known about which @entity1 who have undergone coronary bypass surgery are at risk of future clinical @entity65 and may benefit from further medical treatment. We sought to determine if routine non-invasive cardiac investigations performed early after surgery were able to stratify the risk of @entity65 in this population. METHODS: Two thousand and sixty-five consecutive @entity1 were enrolled in a prospective multicenter study (PERISCOP). Exercise testing, echocardiography, and 24-h ambulatory ECG monitoring were performed at day 20+/-10 after coronary bypass surgery. Follow-up was performed 1 year after coronary bypass surgery. Causes of all hospitalisation and death occurring within 1 year were documented and classified by an End-point Committee. The principal endpoint was the combination of all-cause @entity204 and @entity65 requiring hospitalisation ( @entity583 , unstable or severe @entity951 , @entity64 , @entity712 ). RESULTS: The 1-year frequency of first events was 155 (8%). In multivariate analysis, exercise duration <420s (RR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.13-2.49), exercise induced @entity308 >1mm (RR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.18-3.05), and @entity1002 (wall motion index <1.15) (RR=1.97; 95% CI: 1.10-3.51) were independent predictors of @entity65 and @entity204 . Ambulatory ECG monitoring had no predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise testing and echocardiography performed early after coronary bypass surgery are able to identify high-risk @entity1 who may benefit from intensive secondary prevention.

title: Use of non-invasive cardiac investigations to predict clinical endpoints after coronary bypass graft surgery in coronary artery disease XXXX : results from the prognosis and evaluation of risk in the coronary operated @entity1 (PERISCOP) study.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: Little is known about which @entity1 who have undergone coronary bypass surgery are at risk of future clinical @entity65 and may benefit from further medical treatment. We sought to determine if routine non-invasive cardiac investigations performed early after surgery were able to stratify the risk of @entity65 in this population. METHODS: Two thousand and sixty-five consecutive @entity1 were enrolled in a prospective multicenter study (PERISCOP). Exercise testing, echocardiography, and 24-h ambulatory ECG monitoring were performed at day 20+/-10 after coronary bypass surgery. Follow-up was performed 1 year after coronary bypass surgery. Causes of all hospitalisation and death occurring within 1 year were documented and classified by an End-point Committee. The principal endpoint was the combination of all-cause @entity204 and @entity65 requiring hospitalisation ( @entity583 , unstable or severe @entity951 , @entity64 , @entity712 ). RESULTS: The 1-year frequency of first events was 155 (8%). In multivariate analysis, exercise duration <420s (RR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.13-2.49), exercise induced @entity308 >1mm (RR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.18-3.05), and @entity1002 (wall motion index <1.15) (RR=1.97; 95% CI: 1.10-3.51) were independent predictors of @entity65 and @entity204 . Ambulatory ECG monitoring had no predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise testing and echocardiography performed early after coronary bypass surgery are able to identify high-risk @entity1 who may benefit from intensive secondary prevention.

title: Use of non-invasive cardiac investigations to predict clinical endpoints after coronary bypass graft surgery in coronary artery disease @entity1 : results from the prognosis and evaluation of risk in the coronary operated XXXX (PERISCOP) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: Obesity has been associated with @entity27 and @entity1560 . We investigated the effects of @entity27 and treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on serum aminotransferase levels in @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 40 @entity28 @entity1 with @entity27 . None had hepatitis B antigen or C antibody, @entity792 , or an excessive intake of @entity167 . Serum levels of @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity493 aminotransferase, @entity412 , @entity413 , insulin, and leptin were determined in the afternoon and in the morning immediately after sleep, before and after nasal CPAP treatment. RESULTS: Aminotransferase levels were abnormal in 35% (n = 14) of @entity1 . Before treatment, mean (+/- SD) @entity492 aminotransferase levels were higher in the morning than in the previous afternoon (presleep, 34 +/- 20 IU/L; postsleep, 39 +/- 28 IU/L; P = 0.006). The overnight mean increases in aminotransferase levels were less marked after the first night of nasal CPAP treatment ( @entity492 aminotransferase: from 6 +/- 11 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.0003; @entity493 aminotransferase: from 5 +/- 9 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.006). Leptin levels (n = 23) decreased significantly after treatment (P = 0.0002), whereas insulin resistance (calculated by the homeostasis model assessment method) and @entity412 levels were unchanged. Improvements in @entity492 and @entity493 aminotransferase levels were maintained after 1 and 6 months of nasal CPAP treatment. CONCLUSION: Nasal CPAP therapy may have beneficial effects on serum aminotransferase abnormalities in @entity28 @entity1 who @entity27 .

title: XXXX on serum aminotransferase levels in @entity28 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'have obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Effects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Obesity has been associated with @entity27 and @entity1560 . We investigated the effects of @entity27 and treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on serum aminotransferase levels in @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 40 @entity28 @entity1 with @entity27 . None had hepatitis B antigen or C antibody, @entity792 , or an excessive intake of @entity167 . Serum levels of @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity493 aminotransferase, @entity412 , @entity413 , insulin, and leptin were determined in the afternoon and in the morning immediately after sleep, before and after nasal CPAP treatment. RESULTS: Aminotransferase levels were abnormal in 35% (n = 14) of @entity1 . Before treatment, mean (+/- SD) @entity492 aminotransferase levels were higher in the morning than in the previous afternoon (presleep, 34 +/- 20 IU/L; postsleep, 39 +/- 28 IU/L; P = 0.006). The overnight mean increases in aminotransferase levels were less marked after the first night of nasal CPAP treatment ( @entity492 aminotransferase: from 6 +/- 11 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.0003; @entity493 aminotransferase: from 5 +/- 9 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.006). Leptin levels (n = 23) decreased significantly after treatment (P = 0.0002), whereas insulin resistance (calculated by the homeostasis model assessment method) and @entity412 levels were unchanged. Improvements in @entity492 and @entity493 aminotransferase levels were maintained after 1 and 6 months of nasal CPAP treatment. CONCLUSION: Nasal CPAP therapy may have beneficial effects on serum aminotransferase abnormalities in @entity28 @entity1 who @entity27 .

title: @entity27 on serum aminotransferase levels in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: PURPOSE: Obesity has been associated with @entity27 and @entity1560 . We investigated the effects of @entity27 and treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on serum aminotransferase levels in @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 40 @entity28 @entity1 with @entity27 . None had hepatitis B antigen or C antibody, @entity792 , or an excessive intake of @entity167 . Serum levels of @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity493 aminotransferase, @entity412 , @entity413 , insulin, and leptin were determined in the afternoon and in the morning immediately after sleep, before and after nasal CPAP treatment. RESULTS: Aminotransferase levels were abnormal in 35% (n = 14) of @entity1 . Before treatment, mean (+/- SD) @entity492 aminotransferase levels were higher in the morning than in the previous afternoon (presleep, 34 +/- 20 IU/L; postsleep, 39 +/- 28 IU/L; P = 0.006). The overnight mean increases in aminotransferase levels were less marked after the first night of nasal CPAP treatment ( @entity492 aminotransferase: from 6 +/- 11 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.0003; @entity493 aminotransferase: from 5 +/- 9 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.006). Leptin levels (n = 23) decreased significantly after treatment (P = 0.0002), whereas insulin resistance (calculated by the homeostasis model assessment method) and @entity412 levels were unchanged. Improvements in @entity492 and @entity493 aminotransferase levels were maintained after 1 and 6 months of nasal CPAP treatment. CONCLUSION: Nasal CPAP therapy may have beneficial effects on serum aminotransferase abnormalities in @entity28 @entity1 who @entity27 .

title: @entity27 on serum aminotransferase levels in @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The Holter monitors of 14 @entity1 (out of 58,000 Holter recordings performed between 1978 and 1984) who experienced @entity1167 and expired during the recording period were analyzed. @entity1167 @entity1 frequently had @entity301 , @entity712 , and prolonged QTc intervals. The highest incidence of intermediately frequent @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) occurred between 15 and 6 hours prior to @entity204 . The frequency of ventricular couplets increased toward the time of arrest. The hours with greatest frequency of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) were found to be the last 5 hours of life. An increasing incidence of ST-segment changes greater than 2 mm was noted throughout all of the risk periods until the third hour prior to arrest when the incidence diminished. Conversely, the incidence of lower amplitude ST-segment changes (usually elevation) increased over the final 6 hours. The mean time of @entity204 was 0228 hours +/- 5:20. In conclusion, we observed two patterns of Holter-monitored changes which usually occurred prior to @entity204 and may represent predictors of @entity944 : (1) an increasing incidence of intermediately frequent isolated @entity1540 followed by increased ventricular couplets and runs of @entity1165 ; (2) return of high amplitude ST-segment changes toward baseline. To our knowledge, the temporal relationship of the degree of ST-segment deviation to @entity944 and the time of @entity944 have not been reported in large studies of Holter-monitored @entity944 @entity1 .

title: Analysis of ambulatory electrocardiograms in 14 XXXX who experienced sudden cardiac death during monitoring.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular complexes', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'Tachyarrhythmic arrest']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The medical and laboratory records were reviewed in 37 @entity791 ( @entity791 ) @entity1 with @entity281 . In 24 @entity1 with the presentation of @entity1330 , the initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was positive. The initial India ink mount demonstrated organisms in 79% of culture positive CSF specimens. After therapy the subsequent India ink mounts demonstrated 84% sensitivity and 53% specificity with respect to culture outcome. Cultures of blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and brain were more likely to be positive than cultures from other sites. The initial blood cultures were positive in eight of eight @entity1 at presentation of @entity1330 . When the initial CSF titer was greater than 1:2, the corresponding CSF culture was always positive. A negative culture during therapy did not necessarily indicate eradication of @entity281 . The initial cerebrospinal fluid and serum cryptococcal antigen titers varied significantly and could not be correlated with survival. In three instances when the CSF cryptococcal antigen titers and cultures were negative, a positive serum cryptococcal antigen greater than 1:8 suggested disseminated @entity281 .

title: The clinical laboratory evaluation of @entity281 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']


abstract: The medical and laboratory records were reviewed in 37 @entity791 ( @entity791 ) @entity1 with @entity281 . In 24 @entity1 with the presentation of @entity1330 , the initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was positive. The initial India ink mount demonstrated organisms in 79% of culture positive CSF specimens. After therapy the subsequent India ink mounts demonstrated 84% sensitivity and 53% specificity with respect to culture outcome. Cultures of blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and brain were more likely to be positive than cultures from other sites. The initial blood cultures were positive in eight of eight @entity1 at presentation of @entity1330 . When the initial CSF titer was greater than 1:2, the corresponding CSF culture was always positive. A negative culture during therapy did not necessarily indicate eradication of @entity281 . The initial cerebrospinal fluid and serum cryptococcal antigen titers varied significantly and could not be correlated with survival. In three instances when the CSF cryptococcal antigen titers and cultures were negative, a positive serum cryptococcal antigen greater than 1:8 suggested disseminated @entity281 .

title: The clinical laboratory evaluation of XXXX in the @entity791 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['cryptococcal infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of physiotherapy, manual therapy, and care by a general practitioner for @entity1 with @entity4048 . DESIGN: Economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Primary care. @entity1 : 183 @entity1 with @entity4048 for at least two weeks recruited by 42 general practitioners and randomly allocated to manual therapy (n=60, spinal mobilisation), physiotherapy (n=59, mainly exercise), or general practitioner care (n=64, counselling, education, and drugs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical outcomes were perceived recovery, intensity of @entity158 , and quality of life. Direct and indirect costs were measured by means of cost diaries that were kept by @entity1 for one year. Differences in mean costs between groups, cost effectiveness, and cost utility ratios were evaluated by applying non-parametric bootstrapping techniques. RESULTS: The manual therapy group showed a faster improvement than the physiotherapy group and the general practitioner care group up to 26 weeks, but differences were negligible by follow up at 52 weeks. The total costs of manual therapy (447 @entity7634 ; 273 pounds sterling; 402 dollars) were around one third of the costs of physiotherapy (1297 @entity7634 ) and general practitioner care (1379 @entity7634 ). These differences were significant: P<0.01 for manual therapy versus physiotherapy and manual therapy versus general practitioner care and P=0.55 for general practitioner care versus physiotherapy. The cost effectiveness ratios and the cost utility ratios showed that manual therapy was less costly and more effective than physiotherapy or general practitioner care. CONCLUSIONS: Manual therapy (spinal mobilisation) is more effective and less costly for treating @entity4048 than physiotherapy or care by a general practitioner.

title: Cost effectiveness of physiotherapy, manual therapy, and general practitioner care for XXXX : economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, functional disability']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['neck pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity924 is a @entity158 commonly affecting the general and athletic population and presents with @entity158 , stiffness, and swelling in the mid-portion of the Achilles tendon. The physical stress placed on the tendon results in micro-trauma, which leads to subsequent @entity32 and degeneration. While it is not surprising that this condition affects the physically active, nearly one third of @entity924 cases occur in sedentary individuals. Etiology for this condition stems from a change in loading patterns and/or overuse of the tendon, thus resulting in microscopic tearing and degenerative changes. There are numerous causes contributing to the maladaptive response in these @entity1 , such as mechanical, age-related, genetic and vascular factors. The treatment for these @entity1 is typically load management and eccentric strengthening of the gastroc-soleus complex. Unfortunately, conservative treatment can lead to surgical intervention in up to 45% of cases. A relatively new phenomenon in the treatment of this condition is the use of autologous blood injections (ABI) and platelet-rich plasma injections (PRPI). This need for a less invasive treatment fostered more investigation into ABI and PRPI to treat these non-responsive @entity1 . However, the evidence concerning the effectiveness of these treatments in @entity1 with @entity924 has not been synthesized.

title: Autologous Blood and Platelet Rich Plasma Injections in the Treatment of XXXX : A Critically Appraised Topic.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful condition', 'localized pain']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['Achilles Tendinopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) species and their activation associated with the pathogenesis of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Sandwich enzyme immunoassays were used to measure concentrations of @entity3334 in vitreous samples from @entity1 with @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity989 . To evaluate activation ratios of the zymogen of @entity1476 (proMMP-2) and -9 (proMMP-9) in the vitreous samples and fibrovascular tissues, gelatin zymography was performed. Production and tissue localization of @entity1476 , @entity1551 ( @entity1551 ), @entity1552 , and @entity1495 in the fibrovascular tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. mRNA expression of @entity1551 in the tissues was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Among the seven different MMPs examined in the vitreous samples, only the levels of @entity5379 were significantly higher in the @entity6 samples than in the control. However, activation ratios of proMMP-2 (10.6% +/- 11.8%) and proMMP-9 (2.5% +/- 5.1%) in @entity6 vitreous samples were low and not significantly different from those of the control. In contrast, high activation ratios of proMMP-2 (54.3% +/- 13.6%) and notable activation of proMMP-9 (19.5% +/- 7.8%) were observed in the fibrovascular tissues. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated the localization of @entity5379 in the endothelial cells and glial cells of the fibrovascular tissues. @entity1476 was colocalized with @entity1551 and @entity1552 , which are an activator and an activation-enhancing factor, respectively, for proMMP-2. RT-PCR analysis indicated the gene expression of @entity1551 in the tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that proMMP-2 is efficiently activated in the fibrovascular tissues of @entity6 , probably through interaction with @entity1551 and @entity1552 , and suggest the possibility that the activity of @entity1476 and @entity1551 is involved in the formation of the fibrovascular tissues.

title: Production and activation of XXXX in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1552 :: ('7077', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-2', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy', 'PDR']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinal diseases']

answer: @entity1476 :: (4313,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) species and their activation associated with the pathogenesis of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Sandwich enzyme immunoassays were used to measure concentrations of @entity3334 in vitreous samples from @entity1 with @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity989 . To evaluate activation ratios of the zymogen of @entity1476 (proMMP-2) and -9 (proMMP-9) in the vitreous samples and fibrovascular tissues, gelatin zymography was performed. Production and tissue localization of @entity1476 , @entity1551 ( @entity1551 ), @entity1552 , and @entity1495 in the fibrovascular tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. mRNA expression of @entity1551 in the tissues was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Among the seven different MMPs examined in the vitreous samples, only the levels of @entity5379 were significantly higher in the @entity6 samples than in the control. However, activation ratios of proMMP-2 (10.6% +/- 11.8%) and proMMP-9 (2.5% +/- 5.1%) in @entity6 vitreous samples were low and not significantly different from those of the control. In contrast, high activation ratios of proMMP-2 (54.3% +/- 13.6%) and notable activation of proMMP-9 (19.5% +/- 7.8%) were observed in the fibrovascular tissues. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated the localization of @entity5379 in the endothelial cells and glial cells of the fibrovascular tissues. @entity1476 was colocalized with @entity1551 and @entity1552 , which are an activator and an activation-enhancing factor, respectively, for proMMP-2. RT-PCR analysis indicated the gene expression of @entity1551 in the tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that proMMP-2 is efficiently activated in the fibrovascular tissues of @entity6 , probably through interaction with @entity1551 and @entity1552 , and suggest the possibility that the activity of @entity1476 and @entity1551 is involved in the formation of the fibrovascular tissues.

title: Production and activation of @entity1476 in XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: We report our first experience with a new microprocessor device for assisting individuals with @entity6 in the adjustment of @entity2690 therapy. The computer weighs 200 g and can receive, store, and analyze @entity1 -entered capillary blood @entity413 (CBG) data on an ongoing basis. Changes in the injected mixtures of short- and intermediate-acting insulins are recommended according to algorithms designed to bring the premeal CBG levels to any desired target value set by the physician. Throughout the present study, the premeal target @entity413 level was set to 110 mg/dl. Seven (type I) @entity2690 -dependent @entity6 individuals ranging in age from 11 to 43 yr were selected to participate in the first use of a BCMC (Better Control Medical Computers, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada) computer on an outpatient basis. All subjects were concerned about @entity6 control and were fully informed about as well as thoroughly practiced in the use of manual @entity2690 dosage adjustment schemes, based on approximately equal to 4 times daily CBG estimation, as currently taught in our @entity6 clinics. During the last 7 days of the control period of self-adjustment, their mean +/- SEM CBG levels (measured before breakfast, lunch, dinner, and bedtime snack) were, respectively, 178 +/- 20, 187 +/- 35, 208 +/- 22, and 207 +/- 13 mg/dl. Immediately after the control period they were given the device and were instructed in the procedure for entering glycemic data and following manufacturer's recommendations in regard to @entity2690 dosages. This experimental period lasted 8 wk and the outcome was assessed as before. Thus, 8 wk after starting daily use of the instrument, all glycemic values measured as before had fallen significantly (P less than 0.005-0.05) closer to normal: 116 +/- 9, 110 +/- 6, 148 +/- 15, and 135 +/- 9 mg/dl, respectively. Concurrently there was also a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in the variability of glycemia measured before the main meals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Computer-assisted XXXX dosage adjustment.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Our present knowledge of the @entity1 health effects of @entity5165 exposure is derived from study of major outbreaks of @entity1 @entity4968 in Japan and Iraq and experimental studies on primates. @entity5165 readily passes through such physiological barriers as the blood-brain barrier, blood-testes barrier, and the placenta. Its major pathological effects are on the nervous and reproductive systems and the developing embryo/fetus. The @entity2359 of @entity5165 is well established in both @entity1 and non- @entity1 primates. Lesions in the cerebral and cerebellar gray matter consist of @entity39 and lysis of neurons, phagocytosis and @entity5219 . The changes are most prominent in the deep sulci and may have a vascular component. A late effect is @entity194 . At high dose levels the liver, kidneys, and other organs may also have degenerative changes. Although not yet described in @entity1 , a major effect of exposure of female primates is an adverse effect on pregnancy. Maternal female @entity5434 blood @entity349 levels above 1 ppm are associated with a decreased pregnancy rate and increased abortion rate. To date our experimental data lack sufficient numbers to detect infrequent pregnancy effects below 1 ppm. Preliminary studies also reveal that @entity5165 may also decrease the number and function (swim speed) of sperm. Both @entity1 and primate studies demonstrate deleterious effects of @entity5165 on the developing embryo/fetus. Autopsies on @entity1 and primate @entity1 @entity1032 brain development and the occurrence of a @entity306 -like behavior in the newborns, whereas the mother may be free of signs and symptoms of @entity5165 @entity137 . The fetal blood level of @entity349 is higher than the maternal level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Health risks from increases in XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['reveal retarded']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['M. fascicularis']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisonings']

entities_list: @entity5165 :: ('CHEBI:30785', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmercury', 'Methylmercury']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity5165 :: (CHEBI:30785,Chemical) :: ['methylmercury']


abstract: Digital @entity11170 tomosynthesis (D-FTS) investigations have been performed using a new nonlinear reconstruction algorithm. It is called extreme-value decoding and produces significantly less artefact than back projection used commonly in tomosynthesis. The @entity353 allows the use of tomosynthesis based on only four projections in the case of dilute objects, i.e. objects with only a small number of high absorbing voxels. This condition can be realized in angiography by cancelling soft-tissue and bones by subtraction (e.g. DSA technique). The new technique has been carried out in 10 @entity1 with @entity453 after investigation with standard 35 mm cineangiography. For the recording step of the D-FTS images we have used a multiple X-ray source. For the digital nonlinear reconstruction step we have used a VAX 11/780 computer. The estimated degree of @entity850 found by D-FTS tomograms shows good accordance with the cineangiographic studies. The amount of contrast medium, the X-ray dose, and the investigation time are significantly reduced, because D-FTS requires only a single pre- and post-injection multiple perspective-image for each coronary artery.

title: First clinical results with XXXX in coronary angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of artefact']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity11170 :: (MESH:D019584,Disease) :: ['digital flashing tomosynthesis']


abstract: We have conducted a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing in advanced post-menopausal @entity0 @entity1 500 mg vs 1 g AG/day. The @entity701 dose was 40 mg/day in both groups. One hundred and seventy @entity1 have been randomized; 161 were evaluable for tolerability, 149 for effectiveness. Response rates were similar in both groups, 19 and 24% respectively for the 500 mg and 1 g groups. No difference was observed according to @entity5 site. Duration of response was the same in both groups (14 months), as was mean time to response (about 3 months). Survival (studies in 125 @entity1 ) was similar in both groups (responders and non-responders). No response could be obtained with 1 g after relapse or failure with 500 mg (n = 17). Tolerability was good in 91% of the 500 mg group @entity1 and 78% of the 1 g group @entity1 (P less than 0.03). It was poor in 4 and 15% respectively (P less than 0.03). Side-effects were the same in both groups but less frequent and less severe in the 500 mg group; however, these @entity1 more frequently had 'moon face'.

title: Aminoglutethimide in advanced XXXX : clinical results of a French multicenter randomized trial comparing 500 mg and 1 g/day.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In a prospective non-randomised trial 1642 @entity1 were included. After a mean time of 10 years a follow-up analysis was performed. The importance of the radicality of the primary operative therapy of @entity0 should be evaluated. The mean 5 years survival rate was 67.3%, the 10 year survival rate 51.6%. @entity5 stage and age had a highly significant influence on the survival rate. @entity1 with simple mastectomy had a lower survival rate as @entity1 with radical mastectomy. This apparent difference was caused by a different age distribution in the therapy groups. Accordingly the mean life deficiency was the lowest in the simple mastectomy group. In a multiple hazard statistical analysis @entity5 stage and age showed a highly significant influence on the survival rate. The intraoperative radicality classification showed a significant correlation to the prognoses of the @entity1 . The operative therapy itself had no significant influence on the survival rate of the @entity1 .

title: [Significance of primary radical surgery for survival following treatment of @entity0 . Problems of interpretation of treatment results of prospective, nonrandomized studies exemplified by the Southwest Germany XXXX Study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: In a prospective non-randomised trial 1642 @entity1 were included. After a mean time of 10 years a follow-up analysis was performed. The importance of the radicality of the primary operative therapy of @entity0 should be evaluated. The mean 5 years survival rate was 67.3%, the 10 year survival rate 51.6%. @entity5 stage and age had a highly significant influence on the survival rate. @entity1 with simple mastectomy had a lower survival rate as @entity1 with radical mastectomy. This apparent difference was caused by a different age distribution in the therapy groups. Accordingly the mean life deficiency was the lowest in the simple mastectomy group. In a multiple hazard statistical analysis @entity5 stage and age showed a highly significant influence on the survival rate. The intraoperative radicality classification showed a significant correlation to the prognoses of the @entity1 . The operative therapy itself had no significant influence on the survival rate of the @entity1 .

title: [Significance of primary radical surgery for survival following treatment of XXXX . Problems of interpretation of treatment results of prospective, nonrandomized studies exemplified by the Southwest Germany @entity0 Study].

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery for @entity5 has low rates of morbidity and mortality and achieves comparable pathologic outcomes. With improved instruments and surgical techniques, many surgeons have recently begun using @entity302 ( @entity302 ) to minimize scars and @entity158 . Since 2011, most reports of @entity302 for @entity5 have shown comparable pathologic outcomes to those of @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ). However, @entity302 is said to be superior to @entity7617 in reducing complications, producing less discomfort, and faster recovery rates. This study aimed to compare the technical feasibility and early postoperative outcomes of these approaches. METHODS: From January 2011 to January 2014, 78 cases of @entity188 and anal canal were enrolled in the study. Anterior, low anterior, intersphincteric, and abdominoperineal resections were performed. Data collected included technical feasibility and outcomes of operation, such as morbidity, mortality, severity of @entity158 , analgesic usage, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: @entity302 was performed on 35 @entity1 , and @entity7617 was performed in 36 cases. Demographic data, including age, sex, BMI, ASA classification and clinical staging, were similar between the groups. Operative time, @entity190 , and conversion rate were similar (P   >   0.05). Postoperatively, the only significant difference between the groups was @entity158 score, which was significantly lower in the @entity302 group (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity302 and @entity7617 for @entity5 had the same intraoperative, pathologic, and early postoperative results. However, @entity302 @entity1 had slightly better @entity158 scores in the first 24 and 48 h postoperatively.

title: Comparison between the perioperative results of single-access and XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['conventional laparoscopic surgery', 'CLS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal and anal cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['single-access laparoscopic surgery', 'SALS']

answer: @entity7617 :: (MESH:C563514,Disease) :: ['conventional laparoscopic surgery']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery for @entity5 has low rates of morbidity and mortality and achieves comparable pathologic outcomes. With improved instruments and surgical techniques, many surgeons have recently begun using @entity302 ( @entity302 ) to minimize scars and @entity158 . Since 2011, most reports of @entity302 for @entity5 have shown comparable pathologic outcomes to those of @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ). However, @entity302 is said to be superior to @entity7617 in reducing complications, producing less discomfort, and faster recovery rates. This study aimed to compare the technical feasibility and early postoperative outcomes of these approaches. METHODS: From January 2011 to January 2014, 78 cases of @entity188 and anal canal were enrolled in the study. Anterior, low anterior, intersphincteric, and abdominoperineal resections were performed. Data collected included technical feasibility and outcomes of operation, such as morbidity, mortality, severity of @entity158 , analgesic usage, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: @entity302 was performed on 35 @entity1 , and @entity7617 was performed in 36 cases. Demographic data, including age, sex, BMI, ASA classification and clinical staging, were similar between the groups. Operative time, @entity190 , and conversion rate were similar (P   >   0.05). Postoperatively, the only significant difference between the groups was @entity158 score, which was significantly lower in the @entity302 group (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity302 and @entity7617 for @entity5 had the same intraoperative, pathologic, and early postoperative results. However, @entity302 @entity1 had slightly better @entity158 scores in the first 24 and 48 h postoperatively.

title: Comparison between the perioperative results of single-access and @entity7617 in XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Thirty-seven @entity1 were enrolled in a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 in locoregionally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The study was also designed to evaluate the operability following concurrent chemoirradiation. The following response rates to chemoirradiation were obtained: complete response (CR) 5 of 37 (13.5%), partial response 14 of 37 (38%), stable disease 12 of 37 (32.5%) and PD 6 of 37 (16%). Twenty @entity1 underwent surgery, and in 19 @entity1 the @entity5 was totally resected. There was pathologic CR in 4 @entity1 . Moderate/severe @entity2910 developed in 16 @entity1 (43%); hematologic @entity137 was mild. There was one case of postoperative mortality. Nine @entity1 are alive without evidence of disease at 5+ to 39+ months. Median survival is 22 months. It is concluded that neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity1311 / @entity3003 is effective and well tolerated in @entity1 and feasible for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 , allowing complete @entity5 resection in 56% of the cases.

title: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 and followed by surgery in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Thirty-seven @entity1 were enrolled in a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 in locoregionally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The study was also designed to evaluate the operability following concurrent chemoirradiation. The following response rates to chemoirradiation were obtained: complete response (CR) 5 of 37 (13.5%), partial response 14 of 37 (38%), stable disease 12 of 37 (32.5%) and PD 6 of 37 (16%). Twenty @entity1 underwent surgery, and in 19 @entity1 the @entity5 was totally resected. There was pathologic CR in 4 @entity1 . Moderate/severe @entity2910 developed in 16 @entity1 (43%); hematologic @entity137 was mild. There was one case of postoperative mortality. Nine @entity1 are alive without evidence of disease at 5+ to 39+ months. Median survival is 22 months. It is concluded that neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity1311 / @entity3003 is effective and well tolerated in @entity1 and feasible for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 , allowing complete @entity5 resection in 56% of the cases.

title: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity1311 and XXXX and followed by surgery in locally advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Thirty-seven @entity1 were enrolled in a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 in locoregionally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The study was also designed to evaluate the operability following concurrent chemoirradiation. The following response rates to chemoirradiation were obtained: complete response (CR) 5 of 37 (13.5%), partial response 14 of 37 (38%), stable disease 12 of 37 (32.5%) and PD 6 of 37 (16%). Twenty @entity1 underwent surgery, and in 19 @entity1 the @entity5 was totally resected. There was pathologic CR in 4 @entity1 . Moderate/severe @entity2910 developed in 16 @entity1 (43%); hematologic @entity137 was mild. There was one case of postoperative mortality. Nine @entity1 are alive without evidence of disease at 5+ to 39+ months. Median survival is 22 months. It is concluded that neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity1311 / @entity3003 is effective and well tolerated in @entity1 and feasible for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 , allowing complete @entity5 resection in 56% of the cases.

title: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly XXXX and @entity3003 and followed by surgery in locally advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: VIROLOGICAL ASPECTS: @entity1 polyomaviruses ( @entity8999 and @entity8315 ), together with simian polyomaviruses (SV40 virus) share 75% of genomic homology. Their in vivo and in vitro genomes vary. Molecular analyses have identified several genotypes, some of which appear related to the development of @entity1800 . Genomic modifications of the regulation area might provide the @entity8999 with a pathogenic aspect thus enhancing the induction of tubulo-interstitial @entity8 in renal transplant recipients. EPIDEMIOLOGY: @entity1 polyomaviruses are ubiquitous and exhibit a sero-prevalence of 60 to 80% in adults. Following a @entity281 via the respiratory tract in childhood, these viruses are diffused in the blood using the B-lymphocytes during their latent stage in the urogenital tract. The reactivation that occurs after several years is asymptomatic and urinary excretion of @entity8999 is observed in 4 to 6% of immunocompetent @entity1 . PATHOGENIC POTENTIAL: @entity1 polyomaviruses have a cytopathogenic effect on the urothelium and epithelium of renal transplant recipients. Infection by @entity8999 may provoke @entity2335 or @entity3832 . The JCv is the cause of progressive multifocal leuko- @entity198 . The @entity8999 (and less frequently the JCv) is responsible for tubulo-interstitial @entity1310 possible leading to renal transplant loss. They also have an oncogenic effect and their implication in the origin of @entity5 is the subject of many studies.

title: [Virological, epidemiological and pathogenic aspects of XXXX polyomaviruses].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathies']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral diseases']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are key regulators of apoptosis and are frequently dysregulated in @entity43 . It was hypothesized that blocking IAPs with birinapant would increase @entity5 cell death and result in objective responses for @entity1 with @entity902 -refractory and -resistant @entity43 . METHODS: In this phase 2, @entity5 Therapy Evaluation Program-sponsored study, @entity1 received birinapant at 47   mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycles. Pharmacokinetics were obtained during cycle 1. Plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and percutaneous @entity5 biopsy samples were collected before cycle 1 and after 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was an objective response or progression-free survival lasting greater than 6 months in a mini-max design. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 received birinapant; after this, accrual was terminated for lack of a clinical benefit. Birinapant was well tolerated, with predominantly grade 2 adverse events and 1 case of grade 3 @entity2905 . Pretreatment biopsy samples and PBMCs were collected; paired posttreatment biopsy samples and PBMCs were collected from 7 and 10 @entity1 , respectively. There was consistent downregulation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 in @entity5 (P   =   .016) and PBMCs (P   <   .01). @entity522 also decreased in @entity5 (P   =   .031) and PBMCs (P   <   .01); cleaved caspase 3 colocalized with @entity6714 (y-H2AX) in @entity5 after birinapant exposure. Peripheral T and B cells decreased significantly after treatment, but natural killer cells did not (P   =   .04, P   =   .05, and P   =   .43, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Birinapant shows consistent target suppression in vivo without single-agent antitumor activity in this small population. Single-agent pharmacodynamics are necessary to understand the drug's mechanism of action and set the stage for rational combination therapy. Preclinical studies are ongoing to identify optimal synergistic combinations for future clinical trials. @entity5 2016;122:588-597.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Pharmacodynamic markers and clinical results from the phase 2 study of the SMAC mimetic birinapant in @entity1 with relapsed XXXX -resistant or -refractory epithelial @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity6714 :: ('3014', 'Gene') :: ['H2A histone family member X']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are key regulators of apoptosis and are frequently dysregulated in @entity43 . It was hypothesized that blocking IAPs with birinapant would increase @entity5 cell death and result in objective responses for @entity1 with @entity902 -refractory and -resistant @entity43 . METHODS: In this phase 2, @entity5 Therapy Evaluation Program-sponsored study, @entity1 received birinapant at 47   mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycles. Pharmacokinetics were obtained during cycle 1. Plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and percutaneous @entity5 biopsy samples were collected before cycle 1 and after 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was an objective response or progression-free survival lasting greater than 6 months in a mini-max design. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 received birinapant; after this, accrual was terminated for lack of a clinical benefit. Birinapant was well tolerated, with predominantly grade 2 adverse events and 1 case of grade 3 @entity2905 . Pretreatment biopsy samples and PBMCs were collected; paired posttreatment biopsy samples and PBMCs were collected from 7 and 10 @entity1 , respectively. There was consistent downregulation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 in @entity5 (P   =   .016) and PBMCs (P   <   .01). @entity522 also decreased in @entity5 (P   =   .031) and PBMCs (P   <   .01); cleaved caspase 3 colocalized with @entity6714 (y-H2AX) in @entity5 after birinapant exposure. Peripheral T and B cells decreased significantly after treatment, but natural killer cells did not (P   =   .04, P   =   .05, and P   =   .43, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Birinapant shows consistent target suppression in vivo without single-agent antitumor activity in this small population. Single-agent pharmacodynamics are necessary to understand the drug's mechanism of action and set the stage for rational combination therapy. Preclinical studies are ongoing to identify optimal synergistic combinations for future clinical trials. @entity5 2016;122:588-597.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Pharmacodynamic markers and clinical results from the phase 2 study of the SMAC mimetic birinapant in @entity1 with relapsed @entity902 -resistant or -refractory epithelial XXXX .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are key regulators of apoptosis and are frequently dysregulated in @entity43 . It was hypothesized that blocking IAPs with birinapant would increase @entity5 cell death and result in objective responses for @entity1 with @entity902 -refractory and -resistant @entity43 . METHODS: In this phase 2, @entity5 Therapy Evaluation Program-sponsored study, @entity1 received birinapant at 47   mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycles. Pharmacokinetics were obtained during cycle 1. Plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and percutaneous @entity5 biopsy samples were collected before cycle 1 and after 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was an objective response or progression-free survival lasting greater than 6 months in a mini-max design. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 received birinapant; after this, accrual was terminated for lack of a clinical benefit. Birinapant was well tolerated, with predominantly grade 2 adverse events and 1 case of grade 3 @entity2905 . Pretreatment biopsy samples and PBMCs were collected; paired posttreatment biopsy samples and PBMCs were collected from 7 and 10 @entity1 , respectively. There was consistent downregulation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 in @entity5 (P   =   .016) and PBMCs (P   <   .01). @entity522 also decreased in @entity5 (P   =   .031) and PBMCs (P   <   .01); cleaved caspase 3 colocalized with @entity6714 (y-H2AX) in @entity5 after birinapant exposure. Peripheral T and B cells decreased significantly after treatment, but natural killer cells did not (P   =   .04, P   =   .05, and P   =   .43, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Birinapant shows consistent target suppression in vivo without single-agent antitumor activity in this small population. Single-agent pharmacodynamics are necessary to understand the drug's mechanism of action and set the stage for rational combination therapy. Preclinical studies are ongoing to identify optimal synergistic combinations for future clinical trials. @entity5 2016;122:588-597.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Pharmacodynamic markers and clinical results from the phase 2 study of the SMAC mimetic birinapant in XXXX with relapsed @entity902 -resistant or -refractory epithelial @entity43 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT The revascularization technique, including bypass created using the external carotid artery (ECA), radial artery (RA), and M2 portion of @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ), has remained indispensable for treatment of complex @entity439 . To date, it remains unknown whether diameters of the RA, superficial temporal artery (STA), and C2 portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and intraoperative @entity2500 blood pressure have influences on the outcome and the symptomatic watershed @entity1188 (WI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factors for the symptomatic WI and @entity16 in @entity1 treated by ECA-RA-M2 bypass for complex ICA @entity439 with @entity432 . METHODS The authors measured the sizes of vessels (RA, C2, M2, and STA) and intraoperative @entity2500 blood pressure (initial, after ICA occlusion, and after releasing the RA graft bypass) in 37 @entity1 . Symptomatic WI was defined as presence of the following: postoperative new @entity51 , WI on postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging, and ipsilateral cerebral blood flow reduction on SPECT. Neurological worsening was defined as the increase in 1 or more modified Rankin Scale scores. First, the authors performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for continuous variables and the binary end point of the symptomatic WI. The clinical, radiological, and physiological characteristics of @entity1 with and without the symptomatic WI were compared using the log-rank test. Then, the authors compared the variables between @entity1 with and without @entity16 at discharge and at the 12-month follow-up examination or last hospital visit. RESULTS Symptomatic WI was observed in 2 (5.4%) @entity1 . The mean @entity2500 pressure after releasing the RA graft (< 55 mm Hg; p = 0.017), mean ( @entity2500 pressure after releasing the RA graft)/(initial @entity2500 pressure) (< 0.70 mm Hg; p = 0.032), and mean cross-sectional area ratio ([RA/C2 diameter](2) < 0.40 mm [p < 0.0001] and [STA/C2 diameter](2) < 0.044 mm [p < 0.0001]) were related to the symptomatic WI. All preoperatively independent @entity1 remained independent (modified Rankin Scale score < 3). After adjusting for age and sex, left operative side (p = 0.0090 and 0.038) and perforating @entity63 (p = 0.0050 and 0.022) were related to @entity16 at discharge (11 [29%] @entity1 ) and at the 12-month follow-up or last hospital visit (8 [22%] @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study showed that the vessel diameter and intraoperative @entity2500 pressure had impacts on the symptomatic WI and that operative side and perforating @entity63 were related to @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity3538 treated by ECA-RA-M2 bypass.

title: Risk factors for XXXX and symptomatic watershed infarction in internal carotid artery aneurysm treated by extracranial-intracranial bypass using radial artery graft.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['artery ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery', 'MCA']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological worsening']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['complex ICA aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['therapeutic ICA occlusion']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological worsening']


abstract: Hyperinfection in @entity13739 has been associated with corticosteroid treatment. Other immunodepressive conditions also seem to facilitate the state of hyperinfection. The etiologic diagnosis of this @entity8143 can be difficult to reach and a positive urine microscopy is unusual. We report two @entity1 under corticosteroid therapy with disseminated @entity13739 ; both had @entity1712 . The first @entity1 , followed for 8 years for @entity5506 , recently developed abdominal symptoms. A colonoscopy was performed 1 month before admission and the biopsy was thought to show nonspecific changes. At admission, few larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were disclosed by urine microscopy, and a review of the colonic biopsy uncovered a few larvae of Strongyloides. The patient received anti-helmintic therapy with a dramatic improvement. The second @entity1 , under treatment for @entity1252 for 3 years, was admitted with pulmonary symptoms and during admission developed massive @entity360 . @entity13739 was discovered only at autopsy. The low suspicion index for @entity13739 resulted in delaying the etiologic diagnosis in one @entity1 and in failing to diagnose the disease in the other. The morphologic features of the parasite in the two cases are presented with emphasis on the difficulties of recognizing the larvae in the intestinal biopsy.

title: Hyperinfection syndrome in XXXX : report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity13739 :: ('MESH:D013322', 'Disease') :: ['Disseminated strongyloidiasis', 'strongyloidiasis']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['parasitosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity13739 :: (MESH:D013322,Disease) :: ['strongyloidiasis']


abstract: Levels of aromatase, a key enzyme in @entity172 biosynthesis, were assayed in @entity5 tissue sampled from 25 @entity1 with @entity1204 . In addition, @entity53 concentrations were compared in normal and altered endometrial tissue from 78 @entity1 suffering uterine @entity5 . Unlike @entity0 , aromatase was not detectable in altered endometrium unless tissue @entity172 could be identified in both normal and @entity5 tissue. Hence, aromatase presence served as an indicator of malignant transformation. Its concentration in samples of uterine tissue varied 0-28.4 fM/mg protein/hr (an average of 12.9(1.7 fM/mg protein/hr). There was hardly any correlation between this level, on the one hand, and menopause and body mass, on the other. Yet, it tended to increase in step with stage of disease and cell differentiation decline. @entity53 concentrations in malignant endometrium in both reproductive and menopausal @entity1 were higher than in macroscopically normal ones, while still cycling @entity1 tended to show higher values than menopausal ones. Although there was no significant difference in @entity53 levels in the altered endomentrium of @entity1 with pathogenetical patterns of uterine @entity5 stage I and II, they did show a direct correlation with clinical stage of @entity5 process and depth of invasion into the underlying myometrium. Hence, unlike @entity172 circulating in blood, those contained in tissue ("intratumor") ones did enhance the @entity146 of @entity1204 course. It will be for further investigations to show whether it is due to an @entity172 fraction being carried away by @entity5 from the circulation, or @entity172 being synthesized by aromatase in @entity5 itself.

title: [Tumor tissue aromatase and XXXX levels versus clinical course of @entity1204 ].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Levels of aromatase, a key enzyme in @entity172 biosynthesis, were assayed in @entity5 tissue sampled from 25 @entity1 with @entity1204 . In addition, @entity53 concentrations were compared in normal and altered endometrial tissue from 78 @entity1 suffering uterine @entity5 . Unlike @entity0 , aromatase was not detectable in altered endometrium unless tissue @entity172 could be identified in both normal and @entity5 tissue. Hence, aromatase presence served as an indicator of malignant transformation. Its concentration in samples of uterine tissue varied 0-28.4 fM/mg protein/hr (an average of 12.9(1.7 fM/mg protein/hr). There was hardly any correlation between this level, on the one hand, and menopause and body mass, on the other. Yet, it tended to increase in step with stage of disease and cell differentiation decline. @entity53 concentrations in malignant endometrium in both reproductive and menopausal @entity1 were higher than in macroscopically normal ones, while still cycling @entity1 tended to show higher values than menopausal ones. Although there was no significant difference in @entity53 levels in the altered endomentrium of @entity1 with pathogenetical patterns of uterine @entity5 stage I and II, they did show a direct correlation with clinical stage of @entity5 process and depth of invasion into the underlying myometrium. Hence, unlike @entity172 circulating in blood, those contained in tissue ("intratumor") ones did enhance the @entity146 of @entity1204 course. It will be for further investigations to show whether it is due to an @entity172 fraction being carried away by @entity5 from the circulation, or @entity172 being synthesized by aromatase in @entity5 itself.

title: [Tumor tissue aromatase and @entity172 levels versus clinical course of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the shift of our healthcare system toward a value-based system of reimbursement, complications such as surgical site infections (SSI) may not be reimbursed. The purpose of our study was to investigate the costs and risk factors of SSI for orthopedic @entity130 @entity1 . METHODS: Through retrospective analysis, 1819 @entity1 with @entity174 were identified. Of those, 78 @entity1 who developed SSIs were compared to 78 uninfected control @entity1 . @entity1 were matched by @entity174 location, type of @entity174 , duration of surgery, and as close as possible to age, year of surgery, and type of procedure. Costs for treatment during primary hospitalization and initial readmission were determined and potential risk factors were collected from @entity1 charts. A Wilcoxon test was used to compare the overall costs of treatment for case and control @entity1 . Costs were further broken down into professional fees and technical charges for analysis. Risk factors for SSIs were analyzed through a chi-squared analysis. RESULTS: Median cost for treatment for @entity1 with SSIs was  108,782 compared to  57,418 for uninfected @entity1 (p  <  0.001). Professional fees and technical charges were found to be significantly higher for infected @entity1 . No significant risk factors for SSIs were determined. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate the potential for financial losses in our new healthcare system due to uncompensated care. SSIs nearly double the cost of treatment for orthopedic @entity130 @entity1 . There is no single driver of these costs. Reducing postoperative stay may be one method for reducing the cost of treating SSIs, whereas quality management programs may decrease risk of @entity281 .

title: @entity281 in orthopedic XXXX : A case-control study evaluating risk factors and cost.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'isolated fractures']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the shift of our healthcare system toward a value-based system of reimbursement, complications such as surgical site infections (SSI) may not be reimbursed. The purpose of our study was to investigate the costs and risk factors of SSI for orthopedic @entity130 @entity1 . METHODS: Through retrospective analysis, 1819 @entity1 with @entity174 were identified. Of those, 78 @entity1 who developed SSIs were compared to 78 uninfected control @entity1 . @entity1 were matched by @entity174 location, type of @entity174 , duration of surgery, and as close as possible to age, year of surgery, and type of procedure. Costs for treatment during primary hospitalization and initial readmission were determined and potential risk factors were collected from @entity1 charts. A Wilcoxon test was used to compare the overall costs of treatment for case and control @entity1 . Costs were further broken down into professional fees and technical charges for analysis. Risk factors for SSIs were analyzed through a chi-squared analysis. RESULTS: Median cost for treatment for @entity1 with SSIs was  108,782 compared to  57,418 for uninfected @entity1 (p  <  0.001). Professional fees and technical charges were found to be significantly higher for infected @entity1 . No significant risk factors for SSIs were determined. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate the potential for financial losses in our new healthcare system due to uncompensated care. SSIs nearly double the cost of treatment for orthopedic @entity130 @entity1 . There is no single driver of these costs. Reducing postoperative stay may be one method for reducing the cost of treating SSIs, whereas quality management programs may decrease risk of @entity281 .

title: XXXX in orthopedic @entity130 : A case-control study evaluating risk factors and cost.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Surgical site infection']


abstract: DESIGN: The aim of our study was to established possible a correlation between Holter blood pressure measurements and BP levels measured incidentally by the medical personnel. We also tried to evaluate usefulness of ABPM in monitoring intensification of the @entity101 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was performed on 57 pregnant @entity1 where @entity2099 were complicated by @entity101 (PIH or chronic @entity101 ). All @entity1 were divided into four groups conforming with JNC VI protocol according to BP level measured in the time of the admission to hospital. Therefore circadian blood pressure profile was done by using ABPM SpaceLab device. After that BP load indicator was estimated in each group to assess intensification of the disease. However, we compared those results between groups by using t-Student test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: We qualified 22 @entity1 to group 0 with SBP = 129,45 + 6.31 mmHg and @entity11559 = 80.59 + 5.45 mmHg in the time of admission. There were 21 pregnant @entity1 with mild @entity101 (group I SBP = 144,14 + 7.32 mmHg, @entity11559 = 93.14 + 4.52 mmHg), moderate (group II, N = 8 with SBP = 153,88 + 5.54 mmHg and @entity11559 = 101,34 + 3.78 mmHg) and severe @entity101 (group III, N = 6 with SBP = 175,83 + 33.23 mmHg, @entity11559 = 121 + 11.92 mmHg). BP load value measured in group 0 was 14.57 + 21.3% of SBP and 13.92 + 22.99% of @entity11559 inappropriate results. In group I was found SBP 24.91 + 30.3%, @entity11559 23.12 + 26.01%, group II SBP 38.11 + 33.66%, @entity11559 26.31 + 22.75% and in group III SBP 59.3 + 38.76% and @entity11559 61.37 + 35.72%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Only between the group with normal blood pressure and the group with severe @entity101 the obtained results were statistically significant (p < 0.05). We've also found a statistical correlation between BP values measured in the time of admission to the hospital and BP load indices in each group.

title: [Assessment of high blood pressure in 24-hours Holter records in XXXX pregnant @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: DESIGN: The aim of our study was to established possible a correlation between Holter blood pressure measurements and BP levels measured incidentally by the medical personnel. We also tried to evaluate usefulness of ABPM in monitoring intensification of the @entity101 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was performed on 57 pregnant @entity1 where @entity2099 were complicated by @entity101 (PIH or chronic @entity101 ). All @entity1 were divided into four groups conforming with JNC VI protocol according to BP level measured in the time of the admission to hospital. Therefore circadian blood pressure profile was done by using ABPM SpaceLab device. After that BP load indicator was estimated in each group to assess intensification of the disease. However, we compared those results between groups by using t-Student test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: We qualified 22 @entity1 to group 0 with SBP = 129,45 + 6.31 mmHg and @entity11559 = 80.59 + 5.45 mmHg in the time of admission. There were 21 pregnant @entity1 with mild @entity101 (group I SBP = 144,14 + 7.32 mmHg, @entity11559 = 93.14 + 4.52 mmHg), moderate (group II, N = 8 with SBP = 153,88 + 5.54 mmHg and @entity11559 = 101,34 + 3.78 mmHg) and severe @entity101 (group III, N = 6 with SBP = 175,83 + 33.23 mmHg, @entity11559 = 121 + 11.92 mmHg). BP load value measured in group 0 was 14.57 + 21.3% of SBP and 13.92 + 22.99% of @entity11559 inappropriate results. In group I was found SBP 24.91 + 30.3%, @entity11559 23.12 + 26.01%, group II SBP 38.11 + 33.66%, @entity11559 26.31 + 22.75% and in group III SBP 59.3 + 38.76% and @entity11559 61.37 + 35.72%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Only between the group with normal blood pressure and the group with severe @entity101 the obtained results were statistically significant (p < 0.05). We've also found a statistical correlation between BP values measured in the time of admission to the hospital and BP load indices in each group.

title: [Assessment of high blood pressure in 24-hours Holter records in @entity101 pregnant XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity149 ( @entity149 ) is characterized as an extra-nodal @entity1893 which develops from the neuraxis. The purpose was to report a case of a @entity1 with a supra-tentorial @entity5 who underwent subtotal resection of his @entity5 as his biopsy was not indicative of a @entity1221 and had uneventful recovery until his last follow-up. A 42-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our department for generalized @entity302 . CT and MRI examinations revealed a @entity5 in his right parietal-occipital lobe that was surrounded by @entity4 and was enhancing after @entity2287 administration. The @entity1 underwent a navigation-assisted parieto-occipital craniotomy and posterior parietal transcortical approach for @entity5 biopsy which was not indicative of @entity1221 . The surgical team decided to remove the @entity5 on site. Histological analysis of the resected specimen showed primary diffuse large @entity1892 . Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy was applied to the @entity1 , and at his last follow-up (16 months), he is @entity5 free. In our case as in several other studies during the last decade, the outcome after the surgical resection of a @entity1221 in combination to radiation and chemotherapy was unexpectedly good. The role of surgery probably should be reconsidered for single lesion @entity1221 .

title: Primary Diffuse Large XXXX of Central Nervous System: Is Still Surgery an Unorthodox Treatment?

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL tumor', 'PCNSL tumors']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL', 'Primary central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-Cell Lymphoma']


abstract: We have shown previously (A. Sobel and A. H. Tashjian, Jr. (1983). J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10,312-10,324;A. Sobel and M.C. Boutterin (1985). Neurochem. Int. 7, 995-1006) that, in the pituitary-derived @entity35 cells, @entity10447 or the @entity5 promoter TPA ( @entity864 ) stimulates the phosphorylation of two sets of cytoplasmic proteins related to the regulation of prolactin synthesis and release, respectively. Interestingly, phosphoproteins with identical electrophoretic migration properties on two-dimensional gels were detected in cultured neonate or adult @entity19 muscle cells and in the L6 and C2 myogenic cell lines. In addition TPA, which is known to have many actions on muscle cell functions, proliferation, and differentiation, stimulated the phosphorylation of these same proteins in myoblasts in culture. After fusion of the proliferating myoblasts into differentiated myotubes, this TPA-induced stimulation was strongly reduced in normal muscle cell cultures where some mononucleate muscle and non-muscle cells remained present. It was totally abolished in the homogeneous L6 and C2 cell lines. These observations suggest that the same phosphoproteins may be related to the intracellular mechanisms involved in the transduction of extracellular regulatory signals in such distinct differentiated environments as those of pituitary and muscle cells. In muscle cells themselves, the regulation of the phosphorylation of these proteins is function of the cell's state of differentiation.

title: Protein phosphorylation in response to the XXXX promoter TPA is dependent on the state of differentiation of muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity10447 :: ('25569(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['thyrotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The prevalence of pressure @entity1066 among permanent wheelchair users remains high. While many risk factors for pressure ulcer development in this group have been identified only a minority of these have been evaluated scientifically and it is generally acknowledged that existing risk assessment tools are inadequate for predicting risk in seated @entity1 who use a wheelchair for mobility. A 2-year prospective study is underway to design a new self-administered pressure ulcer risk indicator to be used by non-ambulant wheelchair users and their carers in conjunction with professionals. This instrument will be designed as a result of triangulation of methods. A systematic review of available evidence Latest professional opinion A qualitative study exploring the issues from the perspective of seated @entity1 with a history of pressure @entity1066 (n = 10) undertaken by one of the authors (JW) A 2-year prospective study identifying key risk factors in a sample of 160 seated @entity1 . This paper offers an insight into the findings on the recruitment of the 160 individuals into the prospective study, which is currently collecting a large amount of data on the health, degree of disability and integrity of skin of all the @entity1 . The paper offers an overview of the medical diagnosis, degree of @entity717 , issues pertaining to continence and prevalence of pressure @entity1066 in this group on recruitment. Early findings suggest that the new risk indicator should include measures of degree of @entity717 and ability to transfer as an integral part of self-assessment and therefore prevention of pressure @entity1066 . The study was due for completion in the autumn of 2002. It is envisaged that early work on the development of the tool should be complete by the summer of 2003.

title: Preventing pressure XXXX among wheelchair users: preliminary comments on the development of a self-administered risk assessment tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: The @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are an important family of endogenous, protective proteins that are found in all tissues. In the heart, @entity34445 , the inducible form of @entity18273 , has been the most intensely studied. It is well established that @entity34445 is induced with @entity63 and is cardioprotective. Overexpression of other HSPs also is protective against @entity299 . Recently, we observed that @entity53 increases levels of HSPs in male @entity35 cardiac myocytes. We hypothesized that there were gender differences in @entity34445 expression in the heart secondary to @entity172 . To test this hypothesis, we examined cardiac levels of @entity34445 by ELISA in male and female @entity35 . In addition, three other HSPs were assessed by Western blot ( @entity28915 , @entity28379 , and @entity19515 ). To determine whether @entity172 status affected @entity34445 expression in other muscles or tissues, two other muscle tissues, slow twitch muscle (soleus muscle) and fast twitch muscle (gastrocnemius muscle), were studied as well as two other organs, the kidney and liver. Because @entity34445 is cardioprotective, and females are known to have less @entity65 premenopause, the effects of ovariectomy were examined. We report that female @entity35 hearts have twice as much @entity34445 as male hearts. Ovariectomy reduced the level of @entity34445 in female hearts, and this could be prevented by @entity172 replacement therapy. These data show that the expression of cardiac @entity34445 is greater in female @entity35 than in male @entity35 , due to upregulation by @entity172 .

title: Gender differences in the expression of @entity1457 proteins: the effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are an important family of endogenous, protective proteins that are found in all tissues. In the heart, @entity34445 , the inducible form of @entity18273 , has been the most intensely studied. It is well established that @entity34445 is induced with @entity63 and is cardioprotective. Overexpression of other HSPs also is protective against @entity299 . Recently, we observed that @entity53 increases levels of HSPs in male @entity35 cardiac myocytes. We hypothesized that there were gender differences in @entity34445 expression in the heart secondary to @entity172 . To test this hypothesis, we examined cardiac levels of @entity34445 by ELISA in male and female @entity35 . In addition, three other HSPs were assessed by Western blot ( @entity28915 , @entity28379 , and @entity19515 ). To determine whether @entity172 status affected @entity34445 expression in other muscles or tissues, two other muscle tissues, slow twitch muscle (soleus muscle) and fast twitch muscle (gastrocnemius muscle), were studied as well as two other organs, the kidney and liver. Because @entity34445 is cardioprotective, and females are known to have less @entity65 premenopause, the effects of ovariectomy were examined. We report that female @entity35 hearts have twice as much @entity34445 as male hearts. Ovariectomy reduced the level of @entity34445 in female hearts, and this could be prevented by @entity172 replacement therapy. These data show that the expression of cardiac @entity34445 is greater in female @entity35 than in male @entity35 , due to upregulation by @entity172 .

title: Gender differences in the expression of XXXX proteins: the effect of @entity172 .

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: A major controversy in the treatment of the @entity649 ( @entity649 ) is the role of @entity230 , which may attenuate permeability as well as pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Empirically @entity1667 (MP) in high doses (30 mg/kg) has been "the @entity479 of choice" in clinical practice. By autoradiography MP has been shown to penetrate more easily into lung tissue than other @entity230 tested. MP prevented the late phase increase in lung vascular permeability to endotoxin in @entity742 , whereas the inhibition of the pulmonary @entity101 response was far less pronounced. In @entity1 septic @entity649 MP reduced both PVR and the increased vascular permeability. However, a few @entity1 characterized by more severe @entity649 did not respond to MP. There is some evidence that @entity230 may modulate both pre- and postcapillary vasomotion in the lungs. MP was found to inhibit pulmonary venoconstriction as well as pulmonary erythrocyte sludging in @entity235 @entity548 . @entity3952 induced @entity4 also appears to be attenuated by MP. This effect is partly due to a lowering of hydrostatic pressure in the lung capillaries, because @entity616 the downstream resistance increase. @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction has predominantly a precapillary localisation. MP inhibits @entity519 vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent fashion in isolated @entity35 lungs, but does not cause a general dampening of vascular reactivity, as the pulmonary constrictor response to @entity1808 is unchanged. However, MP inhibits @entity112 -induced vasoconstriction in isolated @entity235 lung lobes. The increased vascular resistance in atelectatic lungs is also inhibited by MP. @entity288 may alter the reaction of the pulmonary vasculature to various stimuli or agents by influencing the release of mediators, for instance, the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products of @entity1426 , modulate the action of mediators, reducing the activation of leukocytes and/or platelets, or changing the state of the pulmonary vascular muscle cells. Which mechanisms are active in the various situations are at present objects of pure speculation. However, in most situations with @entity649 a @entity551 and PVR may be regarded as beneficial.

title: Effects of high-dose XXXX on the pulmonary circulation.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['Oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome', 'ARDS']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'Hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['MP blocks']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To test fidelity and preliminary efficacy of Tele-Savvy, an internet-based version of the in- @entity1 , evidence-based psychoeducation Savvy Caregiver Program (SCP) for @entity303 caregivers. Tele-Savvy used synchronous (tele-conferences) and asynchronous components (video modules) to provide program access to caregivers in their homes. DESIGN AND METHODS: SCP experts were surveyed to evaluate Tele-Savvy's fidelity to SCP. A convenience sample of 30 @entity303 caregivers from the Atlanta VA Medical Center enrolled in the Tele-Savvy clinical demonstration program. Twenty-two caregivers completed both pre- and postprogram evaluations, which included measures of caregiver stress and competence and @entity146 ( @entity146 ). RESULTS: Expert review confirmed Tele-Savvy's fidelity with and, in certain domains, improvement on the original. @entity1 demonstrated moderately high initial levels of burden, @entity148 , and depressive symptoms all of which decreased significantly postprogram in an intention to treat analysis. Similar reductions were seen in care recipients' @entity146 and caregivers' reactions to them. Marginally significant increases in caregiver competence were observed. Caregiver and expert panel evaluations of program quality were enthusiastic. IMPLICATIONS: An effective online caregiver psychoeducation program could provide greatly expanded access for caregivers who cannot attend in @entity1 for reasons of distance, transportation limitations, and caregiving responsibilities. Further testing in a controlled trial is needed to establish program efficacy.

title: Development and Implementation of Tele-Savvy for XXXX Caregivers: A Department of Veterans Affairs Clinical Demonstration Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia', 'BPSD']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: Among different technological variables that influence drug release from hydrophilic matrices, different proportions of the polymer and a water-soluble excipient have been used to control the drug release properties. These variables were used to modify the drug release rate and to examine its effect on the mechanism controlling the process. Tablets of the model drug @entity973 (4-AP) were prepared varying the matrix proportion of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and @entity1792 (CA). The matrices release behavior (USP apparatus 2, paddle, at 50 rpm) was examined using 0.1N @entity5828 and 0.2M @entity1391 buffer as dissolution media. Dissolution curves were described by M(t)/M(inf)=kt(n), applied separately for each dissolution medium. The increase of the HPMC matrix content reduced the release rate of the drug. The release mechanism showed a linear trend toward higher n values with a continuous reduction of drug release. The addition of increasing proportions of CA produced the opposite. An increasing drug release rate produced logarithmic decreasing n values. The results demonstrate, as a general rule, that every restriction of the drug release rate is associated with increasing values of the mechanism-indicating exponent n. This relationship means a logarithmic movement away from a release mechanism controlled by diffusion toward a mechanism controlled by relaxation, @entity2681 and dissolution of the polymeric matrix as the drug release rate is restricted. These results are attributed to an increasing hydration and dissolution of the polymeric matrix, as the drug release is subject to limitation.

title: Effect of varying the restriction degree of XXXX release from HPMC matrices on the mechanism controlling the process.

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

answer: @entity973 :: (MESH:D015761,Chemical) :: ['4-aminopyridine']


abstract: This is a retrospective analysis of 148 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity5 , treated with irradiation. All @entity1 received external irradiation with @entity1953 60 followed by intracavitary radium application. The median age was 55 years. @entity957 was found in 96.5% of the cases. The 8-year actuarial survival rate was 41%. Bilateral parametrial invasion proved to be a strong prognostic factor. @entity1 with @entity66 had a survival rate of 43% whereas in those with bilateral involvement it was only 15% (P less than 0.005). The total pelvic failure rate was 29.5%. The overall incidence of distant @entity3 was 11%. The complication rate (minor and major complications) was high, with @entity850 (22.5%), @entity4272 (21.5%), @entity2335 (13.5%), and fistulae (4%) occurring in 33, 32, 20, and 6 @entity1 , respectively. New treatment modalities are urgently needed for advanced @entity189 . Bilateral parametrial involvement is an unfavorable prognostic factor and this should be kept in mind when designing new protocols.

title: The treatment of XXXX of the uterine cervix with telecobalt irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix, stage III']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal stenosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of the present study was to study the influence of external axillary compression dressing with immobilisation of the ipsilateral shoulder after @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) on postoperative axillary drainage. METHODS: One hundred consecutive @entity1 with @entity0 undergoing @entity1600 were enrolled in this study. They were allowed free shoulder movement and were compared with a matched historical control group of 60 @entity1 , in whom the ipsilateral arm was immobilised for four days. For all @entity1 the amount of drainage was recorded each postoperative day until drain removal. Prognostic data on drainage amounts and duration were gathered from all @entity1 . Complications were recorded. RESULTS: Hospital stay was the only statistically significant difference between the two groups, it was prolonged for @entity1 with immobilisation of the arm. The parameters found to influence the drain production with a statistically significant difference were body mass index and the removal of more than 10 lymph nodes. @entity260 were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: External compression dressing of the axillary cavity with immobilisation of the ipsilateral arm has no impact on the postoperative drainage volume and duration. It is associated with adverse effects, such as discomfort, prolonged hospital stay and shoulder stiffness.

title: Axillary lymphadenectomy for XXXX - the influence of shoulder mobilisation on lymphatic drainage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node dissection', 'ALND']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIMS: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the false negative sentinel node procedures in @entity1 with @entity0 at our institution. METHODS: A total of 606 sentinel node biopsies were performed on 599 clinical N0 @entity0 @entity1 between January 1997 and November 2001. RESULTS: The axillary sentinel node revealed @entity3 in 204 (36.1%) of the 565 @entity1 in whom it was identified and was false negative in eight @entity1 . Two false negative results came to light by confirmatory axillary lymph node dissection during the learning phase. Tumour-positive lymph nodes were incidentally found in the axillary tail of the simple mastectomy specimen in two @entity1 . Excision of a firm, non-radioactive, unstained but @entity5 -positive non-sentinel node occurred in three other @entity1 . One @entity1 developed an axillary recurrence 22 months postoperatively. Presumptive causes were surgical delay, pathological sampling error and @entity5 blocking. CONCLUSION: Intra-operative palpation of the axilla to identify suspicious lymph nodes is recommended. In a two-day protocol, surgery should be performed first thing in the morning. Seven slices of 50-150-micro m strike an acceptable balance between sensitivity and work load for the pathologist.

title: Eight false negative sentinel node procedures in XXXX : what went wrong?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic post-traumatic @entity10 (PTH) is one of the most common symptoms of mild @entity131 (mTBI) but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Inflammatory degranulation of dural mast cells (MCs) is thought to promote @entity10 , and may play a role in PTH. Whether mTBI is associated with persistent degranulation of dural MCs is yet to be determined. METHODS: Histochemistry was used to evaluate time course changes in dural MC density and degranulation level in concussive @entity542 and blast @entity19 models of mTBI. The effects of @entity9251 and the MC stabilizer cromolyn @entity1372 on concussion-evoked dural MC degranulation were also investigated. RESULTS: Concussive @entity542 evoked persistent MC degranulation for at least 30 days. Blast @entity130 gave rise to a delayed MC degranulation response commencing at seven days that also persisted for at least 30 days. Neither @entity9251 nor cromolyn treatment reduced concussion-evoked persistent MC degranulation. CONCLUSIONS: mTBI evoked by closed @entity542 or blast exposure is associated with persistent dural MC degranulation. Such a response in mTBI @entity1 may contribute to PTH. Amelioration of PTH by @entity9251 may not involve @entity450 . If persistent dural MC degranulation contributes to PTH, then cromolyn treatment may not be effective.

title: Responses of dural mast cells in concussive and blast models of mild XXXX in @entity19 : Potential implications for post-traumatic @entity10 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of dural MC degranulation']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic post-traumatic @entity10 (PTH) is one of the most common symptoms of mild @entity131 (mTBI) but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Inflammatory degranulation of dural mast cells (MCs) is thought to promote @entity10 , and may play a role in PTH. Whether mTBI is associated with persistent degranulation of dural MCs is yet to be determined. METHODS: Histochemistry was used to evaluate time course changes in dural MC density and degranulation level in concussive @entity542 and blast @entity19 models of mTBI. The effects of @entity9251 and the MC stabilizer cromolyn @entity1372 on concussion-evoked dural MC degranulation were also investigated. RESULTS: Concussive @entity542 evoked persistent MC degranulation for at least 30 days. Blast @entity130 gave rise to a delayed MC degranulation response commencing at seven days that also persisted for at least 30 days. Neither @entity9251 nor cromolyn treatment reduced concussion-evoked persistent MC degranulation. CONCLUSIONS: mTBI evoked by closed @entity542 or blast exposure is associated with persistent dural MC degranulation. Such a response in mTBI @entity1 may contribute to PTH. Amelioration of PTH by @entity9251 may not involve @entity450 . If persistent dural MC degranulation contributes to PTH, then cromolyn treatment may not be effective.

title: Responses of dural mast cells in concussive and blast models of mild @entity131 in @entity19 : Potential implications for post-traumatic XXXX .

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']