abstract: BACKGROUND: The side-effects of anti-retroviral drugs are different between Japanese and Caucasian @entity1 . Severe central nerve system (CNS) side-effects to efavirenz and low rate of @entity56 against @entity22208 characterize the Japanese. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to select a once daily regimen for further non-inferior study comparing the virological efficacy and safety of the first line once daily antiretroviral treatment regimens in the current @entity645 / @entity791 guideline. METHODS: The study design was a randomized, open label, multicenter, selection study. One arm was treated with efavirenz and the other with @entity486 -boosted @entity5194 . A fixed-dose @entity16332 plus @entity22208 were used in both arms. The primary endpoint was virologic success (viral load less than 50 copies/mL) rate at 48 weeks. @entity1 were followed-up to 96 weeks with safety as the secondary endpoint. Clinicaltrials. @entity26548 (NCT00280969) and the University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000000243). RESULTS: A total of 71 @entity1 were enrolled. Virologic success rates in both arms were similar at week 48 [efavirenz arm 28/36 (77.8%); @entity5194 arm 27/35 (77.1%)], but were decreased at week 96 to 55.6% in the efavirenz arm and 68.8% in the @entity5194 arm (p=0.33). At the 96-week follow-up, 52.8% of the EFV arm and 34.3% of the @entity11254 /r arm reached total @entity165 more than 220 mg/dL and required treatment. None of the @entity1 developed @entity65 in this study by week 96. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the efficacy of efavirenz and @entity486 -boosted @entity5194 combined with @entity16332 plus @entity22208 at 48 weeks. The evaluation of safety was extended to 96 weeks, which also showed no significant difference in both arms.

title: Open-label randomized multicenter selection study of once daily antiretroviral treatment regimen comparing @entity486 -boosted @entity5194 to efavirenz with fixed-dose XXXX and @entity16332 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5194 :: ('MESH:C413408', 'Chemical') :: ['atazanavir']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity22208 :: (MESH:C106538,Chemical) :: ['abacavir']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The side-effects of anti-retroviral drugs are different between Japanese and Caucasian @entity1 . Severe central nerve system (CNS) side-effects to efavirenz and low rate of @entity56 against @entity22208 characterize the Japanese. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to select a once daily regimen for further non-inferior study comparing the virological efficacy and safety of the first line once daily antiretroviral treatment regimens in the current @entity645 / @entity791 guideline. METHODS: The study design was a randomized, open label, multicenter, selection study. One arm was treated with efavirenz and the other with @entity486 -boosted @entity5194 . A fixed-dose @entity16332 plus @entity22208 were used in both arms. The primary endpoint was virologic success (viral load less than 50 copies/mL) rate at 48 weeks. @entity1 were followed-up to 96 weeks with safety as the secondary endpoint. Clinicaltrials. @entity26548 (NCT00280969) and the University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000000243). RESULTS: A total of 71 @entity1 were enrolled. Virologic success rates in both arms were similar at week 48 [efavirenz arm 28/36 (77.8%); @entity5194 arm 27/35 (77.1%)], but were decreased at week 96 to 55.6% in the efavirenz arm and 68.8% in the @entity5194 arm (p=0.33). At the 96-week follow-up, 52.8% of the EFV arm and 34.3% of the @entity11254 /r arm reached total @entity165 more than 220 mg/dL and required treatment. None of the @entity1 developed @entity65 in this study by week 96. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the efficacy of efavirenz and @entity486 -boosted @entity5194 combined with @entity16332 plus @entity22208 at 48 weeks. The evaluation of safety was extended to 96 weeks, which also showed no significant difference in both arms.

title: Open-label randomized multicenter selection study of once daily antiretroviral treatment regimen comparing XXXX -boosted @entity5194 to efavirenz with fixed-dose @entity22208 and @entity16332 .

answer: @entity486 :: (MESH:D019438,Chemical) :: ['ritonavir']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The side-effects of anti-retroviral drugs are different between Japanese and Caucasian @entity1 . Severe central nerve system (CNS) side-effects to efavirenz and low rate of @entity56 against @entity22208 characterize the Japanese. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to select a once daily regimen for further non-inferior study comparing the virological efficacy and safety of the first line once daily antiretroviral treatment regimens in the current @entity645 / @entity791 guideline. METHODS: The study design was a randomized, open label, multicenter, selection study. One arm was treated with efavirenz and the other with @entity486 -boosted @entity5194 . A fixed-dose @entity16332 plus @entity22208 were used in both arms. The primary endpoint was virologic success (viral load less than 50 copies/mL) rate at 48 weeks. @entity1 were followed-up to 96 weeks with safety as the secondary endpoint. Clinicaltrials. @entity26548 (NCT00280969) and the University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000000243). RESULTS: A total of 71 @entity1 were enrolled. Virologic success rates in both arms were similar at week 48 [efavirenz arm 28/36 (77.8%); @entity5194 arm 27/35 (77.1%)], but were decreased at week 96 to 55.6% in the efavirenz arm and 68.8% in the @entity5194 arm (p=0.33). At the 96-week follow-up, 52.8% of the EFV arm and 34.3% of the @entity11254 /r arm reached total @entity165 more than 220 mg/dL and required treatment. None of the @entity1 developed @entity65 in this study by week 96. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the efficacy of efavirenz and @entity486 -boosted @entity5194 combined with @entity16332 plus @entity22208 at 48 weeks. The evaluation of safety was extended to 96 weeks, which also showed no significant difference in both arms.

title: Open-label randomized multicenter selection study of once daily antiretroviral treatment regimen comparing @entity486 -boosted XXXX to efavirenz with fixed-dose @entity22208 and @entity16332 .

answer: @entity5194 :: (MESH:C413408,Chemical) :: ['atazanavir']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The side-effects of anti-retroviral drugs are different between Japanese and Caucasian @entity1 . Severe central nerve system (CNS) side-effects to efavirenz and low rate of @entity56 against @entity22208 characterize the Japanese. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to select a once daily regimen for further non-inferior study comparing the virological efficacy and safety of the first line once daily antiretroviral treatment regimens in the current @entity645 / @entity791 guideline. METHODS: The study design was a randomized, open label, multicenter, selection study. One arm was treated with efavirenz and the other with @entity486 -boosted @entity5194 . A fixed-dose @entity16332 plus @entity22208 were used in both arms. The primary endpoint was virologic success (viral load less than 50 copies/mL) rate at 48 weeks. @entity1 were followed-up to 96 weeks with safety as the secondary endpoint. Clinicaltrials. @entity26548 (NCT00280969) and the University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000000243). RESULTS: A total of 71 @entity1 were enrolled. Virologic success rates in both arms were similar at week 48 [efavirenz arm 28/36 (77.8%); @entity5194 arm 27/35 (77.1%)], but were decreased at week 96 to 55.6% in the efavirenz arm and 68.8% in the @entity5194 arm (p=0.33). At the 96-week follow-up, 52.8% of the EFV arm and 34.3% of the @entity11254 /r arm reached total @entity165 more than 220 mg/dL and required treatment. None of the @entity1 developed @entity65 in this study by week 96. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the efficacy of efavirenz and @entity486 -boosted @entity5194 combined with @entity16332 plus @entity22208 at 48 weeks. The evaluation of safety was extended to 96 weeks, which also showed no significant difference in both arms.

title: Open-label randomized multicenter selection study of once daily antiretroviral treatment regimen comparing @entity486 -boosted @entity5194 to efavirenz with fixed-dose @entity22208 and XXXX .

answer: @entity16332 :: (MESH:D019259,Chemical) :: ['lamivudine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dual chamber pacing improves functional status and reduces left ventricular outflow tract gradients in some, but not all @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) by altering ventricular depolarisation. We investigated the use of biventricular ( @entity3032 ) pacing in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1121 . METHOD: 8 @entity1 aged 58  7yrs with symptomatic @entity1121 underwent @entity3032 pacing. 5 @entity1 had LVOT gradients >30mmHg. Ventricular electrodes were placed in the right ventricle (RV) and a branch of the coronary sinus. An atrial electrode was inserted to achieve @entity3032 pacing with a short AV delay. The short-term effects of different pacing modalities were assessed using 2-D and Doppler echocardiography. Symptoms and exercise tolerance were assessed after a month of each pacing mode. Long-term follow up data was available for 5 years. RESULTS: Baseline EF was 67  14% and mean QRS duration was 132  26msecs. @entity3032 pacing reduced QRS duration compared to RV pacing (129  46 vs. 205  54msecs, p<0.005). Five of the seven @entity1 had baseline LVOT gradients (mean 67  25mmHg) that decreased to 41  15mm Hg with RV pacing (p<0.01) and 25  15mmHg with @entity3032 pacing (p<0.005). Improvements in exercise time with active pacing occurred in six out of eight @entity1 (75%), three (37.5%) had optimal exercise times with RV pacing and three with @entity3032 pacing. Of the three @entity1 with short term improvements with @entity3032 pacing, one died 4 years post implant, one deteriorated with LV dilatation and one had the system explanted for @entity281 . CONCLUSION: @entity3032 pacing showed short-term beneficial effects in some @entity1 over and above RV pacing alone.

title: Initial experience of a cohort of @entity1 with XXXX undergoing biventricular pacing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dual chamber pacing improves functional status and reduces left ventricular outflow tract gradients in some, but not all @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) by altering ventricular depolarisation. We investigated the use of biventricular ( @entity3032 ) pacing in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1121 . METHOD: 8 @entity1 aged 58  7yrs with symptomatic @entity1121 underwent @entity3032 pacing. 5 @entity1 had LVOT gradients >30mmHg. Ventricular electrodes were placed in the right ventricle (RV) and a branch of the coronary sinus. An atrial electrode was inserted to achieve @entity3032 pacing with a short AV delay. The short-term effects of different pacing modalities were assessed using 2-D and Doppler echocardiography. Symptoms and exercise tolerance were assessed after a month of each pacing mode. Long-term follow up data was available for 5 years. RESULTS: Baseline EF was 67  14% and mean QRS duration was 132  26msecs. @entity3032 pacing reduced QRS duration compared to RV pacing (129  46 vs. 205  54msecs, p<0.005). Five of the seven @entity1 had baseline LVOT gradients (mean 67  25mmHg) that decreased to 41  15mm Hg with RV pacing (p<0.01) and 25  15mmHg with @entity3032 pacing (p<0.005). Improvements in exercise time with active pacing occurred in six out of eight @entity1 (75%), three (37.5%) had optimal exercise times with RV pacing and three with @entity3032 pacing. Of the three @entity1 with short term improvements with @entity3032 pacing, one died 4 years post implant, one deteriorated with LV dilatation and one had the system explanted for @entity281 . CONCLUSION: @entity3032 pacing showed short-term beneficial effects in some @entity1 over and above RV pacing alone.

title: Initial experience of a cohort of XXXX with @entity1121 undergoing biventricular pacing.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Although the metal devices used in orthodontic treatments are manufactured highly resistance to corrosion, they may still suffer some localized corrosion resulting from the oral cavity conditions. The corrosion causes the release of metals from the alloys used for their manufacture. In this report, we evaluated the in vivo metal ions release of three alloys (stainless steel, @entity702 and @entity3406 -free) usually used in the orthodontics treatments and its genotoxicity. We applied to 15 @entity1 , between 12 and 16 years, 4 tubes and 20 brackets. Samples from oral mucosa were taken before the treatment and 30 days later. The concentration of the @entity702 , @entity3407 , @entity921 , @entity1953 , @entity3406 , @entity5334 and @entity68 were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP- @entity15 ). The genotoxicity was measured with a comet assay (Olive moment). The oral mucosa cells in contact with the stainless steel alloy displayed the greatest @entity702 and @entity921 concentrations and those in contact with the @entity3406 -free alloy presented the greatest concentration of @entity3407 and @entity68 . Both alloys, stainless steel and @entity3406 -free, induced a higher DNA damage in the oral mucosa cells than the @entity702 alloy, in which the Olive moment was similar to controls. Based on the results of our study, we can conclude that @entity702 brackets and tubes are the most biocompatible of the three alloys.

title: Metallic ion content and damage to the DNA in oral mucosa cells of XXXX with fixed orthodontic appliances.

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity5334 :: ('MESH:D008982', 'Chemical') :: ['molybdenum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The optimal method of transecting liver parenchyma has not been established and presently a variety of methods are in use. In a controlled study in @entity1707 standard resections were performed with four different transection techniques: ultrasonic dissection, suction dissection, electrocautery, and sharp dissection. The @entity190 , number of vessels identified before their division, need for additional hemostatic measures, and time for each procedure were evaluated. Also, the histologic appearance of the fresh and the healing cut surface of the liver was studied. The @entity190 was the lowest when ultrasonic dissection was used (median @entity190 of 58 ml per resection). The comparisons with suction dissection (median @entity190 of 87 ml) and cautery (median @entity190 of 79 ml) were not significant. The ultrasonic and suction dissection techniques were both effective in isolating vessels, but the ultrasonic dissector did this more atraumatically. Cautery and ultrasonic dissection had a hemostatic effect on the parenchyma in that a significantly smaller number of vessels needed to be clipped or tied. On histologic study of the fresh cut liver surface, a smooth surface was seen with ultrasonic dissection, @entity548 after suction dissection, and coagulation @entity39 after electrocautery. Ultrasonic dissection was the only technique that combined lowered @entity190 because medium- and large-size vessels were dissected free and ligated before transection and a hemostatic effect on small vessels.

title: Liver transection: a controlled study of four different techniques in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: A total of 52 @entity9643 @entity1 was treated with @entity2039 at three dose levels: 21 @entity1 received 3 x 25.0 mg/kg bwt on a single day, 21 @entity1 were treated with 3 x 25.0 mg/kg for 2 consecutive days and 10 @entity1 were treated with the same dose for 3 consecutive days. Follow-up examination were carried out at monthly up to 4 months (120 days) after treatment. Fifteen (71.4%) out of 21 @entity1 who received the drug 3 x 25.0 mg/kg bwt on a single day were parasitologically cured. Eighteen (85.7%) out of 21 @entity1 who received 3 x 25.0 mg/kg bwt for 2 consecutive days were also cured. Six and 3 of uncured cases in each above groups were treated again with doses of 3 x 25.0 mg/kg bwt for 2 or 3 consecutive days. Two (consisting each one in each group ) of nine retreated cases were failed in parasitological cure. Therefore the overall cure rates of 95.2 % (20 out of 21 cases) in each group were finally obtained. On the other hand, in 10 @entity1 who received 3 x 25.0 mg/kg bwt for 3 consecutive days, complete cure was obtained at 4 months follow-up examinations. Praziquantel is well tolerated and side effects consist particularly of mild and transient @entity10 and @entity1296 . There was no great difference between the three dosage groups. Extended hematological and biochemical tests, and urinalysis, revealed no abnormal findings which could be related to the compound after therapy. The disappearance of precipitating bands of immunoelectrophoresis together with the disappearance of abnormal shawdows in chest X-ray after treatment gave a potent proof on assuring the cure of @entity9643 .

title: Clinical Evaluation Of Praziquantel( XXXX ; Biltricide(R)) In The Treatment Of Paragonimus Westermani.

entities_list: @entity9643 :: ('MESH:D010237', 'Disease') :: ['paragonimiasis']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity2039 :: (MESH:D011223,Chemical) :: ['Embay 8440']


abstract: The concentration of @entity2891 ( @entity5579 ) in serum and bile was estimated after intravenous drip infusion of 1 g of the drug in 11 @entity1 , who have performed cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy and T-tube drainage for @entity5990 . Administration of @entity7048 ( @entity12706 ) 1 g was compared by the cross over method. After 1 g intravenous drip infusion of @entity5579 , the mean serum concentration was 88.3 +/- 24 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 52 +/- 11.7 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 36.5 +/- 10 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. The maintenance period of serum concentration was inclined to be longer in @entity5579 than in @entity12706 . After 1 g intravenous drip infusion of @entity5579 , the mean bile concentration reached to 810 +/- 459 micrograms/ml in 2 hours and it was maintained as high as 562 +/- 319 micrograms/ml even after 4 hours. On the other hand, after 1 g intravenous drip infusion of @entity12706 , the mean bile concentration was only 28.7 +/- 26 micrograms/ml in 1 hour and was low level in the progress. As compared with the highest concentration of @entity5579 and @entity12706 in same @entity1 , the mean bile concentration of @entity5579 (942 +/- 525 micrograms/ml) was about 30 times higher than that of @entity12706 (28.6 +/- 26.3 micrograms/ml). There was no difference in the group of Gram-positive cocci between minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of @entity5579 and that of @entity12706 . While MIC of @entity12706 in the group of Gram-negative bacilli was from 0.78 to over 400 micrograms/ml, MIC of @entity5579 in that group was from 0.10 to 50 micrograms/ml. The value in @entity5579 was lower than that in @entity12706 at all strains. No side effects was seen in all @entity1 .

title: [Clinical studies with XXXX in the biliary disease].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone diseases']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

answer: @entity2891 :: (MESH:D002438,Chemical) :: ['cefoperazone']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to observe the pathologic changes of the liver in albino @entity35 with @entity2440 . Twenty five @entity35 given 50 metacercariae respectively by mouth were autopsied at 3 days (group 1), one week (group 2), 4 weeks (group 3), 8 weeks (group 4) and 12 weeks (group 5) of @entity281 . The following results were obtained: 1. Parasites were seen in bile ducts of group 2, 3, 4, 5 and increased in number with duration of @entity281 . 2. The pathologic changes in the liver were prominent in intrahepatic bile ducts. Epithelial cells of bile ducts showed definite atypia and proliferation resulting in pseudostratification in group. Stratification of metaplastic squamous cells and glandular proliferation were prominent in group 3. The epithelial cells were keratinized with syncitium and cribriform formation in group 4 and almost suggestive of @entity1412 in group 5. 3. Periductal @entity82 seen in group 4 was considerable as well as mature with hyalinized connective tissue in group 5. 4. Heavy inflammatory cell infiltrations around the affected bile ducts in group 1 became smaller in number with duration of @entity281 . The inflammatory cells consisted of the majority of eosinophils in group 1 and chiefly plasma cells, lymphocytes and mononuclear cells in group 5. 5. Veins in portal spaces dilated markedly in group 1 became less prominent with duration of @entity281 . 6. Although portal @entity82 increased definitely in group 3 often extended into the hepatic lobules in group 4, the changes of hepatic cells, sinusoids and central veins were negligible. Above results suggest that @entity14007 could be a factor in inducing primary @entity96 in albino @entity35 .

title: [Studies On Pathological Changes Of The Liver In Abino @entity35 Infected With XXXX ]

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of liver']

entities_list: @entity14007 :: ('MESH:D003003', 'Disease') :: ['clonorchiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2440 :: ('79923', 'Species') :: ['Clonorchis sinensis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous hyperplasia']

answer: @entity2440 :: (79923,Species) :: ['Clonorchis Sinensis']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to observe the pathologic changes of the liver in albino @entity35 with @entity2440 . Twenty five @entity35 given 50 metacercariae respectively by mouth were autopsied at 3 days (group 1), one week (group 2), 4 weeks (group 3), 8 weeks (group 4) and 12 weeks (group 5) of @entity281 . The following results were obtained: 1. Parasites were seen in bile ducts of group 2, 3, 4, 5 and increased in number with duration of @entity281 . 2. The pathologic changes in the liver were prominent in intrahepatic bile ducts. Epithelial cells of bile ducts showed definite atypia and proliferation resulting in pseudostratification in group. Stratification of metaplastic squamous cells and glandular proliferation were prominent in group 3. The epithelial cells were keratinized with syncitium and cribriform formation in group 4 and almost suggestive of @entity1412 in group 5. 3. Periductal @entity82 seen in group 4 was considerable as well as mature with hyalinized connective tissue in group 5. 4. Heavy inflammatory cell infiltrations around the affected bile ducts in group 1 became smaller in number with duration of @entity281 . The inflammatory cells consisted of the majority of eosinophils in group 1 and chiefly plasma cells, lymphocytes and mononuclear cells in group 5. 5. Veins in portal spaces dilated markedly in group 1 became less prominent with duration of @entity281 . 6. Although portal @entity82 increased definitely in group 3 often extended into the hepatic lobules in group 4, the changes of hepatic cells, sinusoids and central veins were negligible. Above results suggest that @entity14007 could be a factor in inducing primary @entity96 in albino @entity35 .

title: [Studies On Pathological Changes Of The Liver In Abino XXXX Infected With @entity2440 ]

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The majority of the @entity5 in periampullary region are @entity3123 . The aim of this study was to compare histopathological features of ampulla of @entity189 with @entity1124 and to determine diagnostic and predictive values of @entity986 protein and @entity4910 expression. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Tissue samples from @entity1124 were obtained from 31 @entity1 who underwent pancreticoduodenectomy for @entity189 . The study group was composed of 12 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 . Their median age was found to be 62.32 years (range 26-85 years). The parameters analyzed in the study included lymph node @entity3 , perineural invasion, differentiation, duodenal invasion, grade of @entity5436 and @entity986 and @entity4910 expression in tumoral and peritumoral pancreatic tissues. RESULTS: In both @entity5 groups, the loss of @entity986 protein expression was significantly correlated with perineural invasion (p = 0.0001). Perineural invasion was more frequent in the @entity1124 group than the ampulla of @entity189 group (p = 0.01). When desmoplasia and lymphoplasmacytic stromal infiltration were examined, desmoplastic reaction was significantly higher in @entity1124 than ampulla of @entity189 (p = 0.01). No significant difference was observed between @entity5 groups for @entity4910 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that loss of @entity986 protein expression may be a sign for poor prognosis in @entity5 that is correlated mainly with perineural invasion. @entity2269 stromal reaction may be a distinctive feature for @entity1124 compared with ampulla of @entity189 .

title: Expression of XXXX protein and @entity4910 in periampullary @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and ampulla of Vater carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and ampulla of Vater carcinomas', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'periampullary cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Vater carcinoma', 'Vater carcinomas', 'periampullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoplastic']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The majority of the @entity5 in periampullary region are @entity3123 . The aim of this study was to compare histopathological features of ampulla of @entity189 with @entity1124 and to determine diagnostic and predictive values of @entity986 protein and @entity4910 expression. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Tissue samples from @entity1124 were obtained from 31 @entity1 who underwent pancreticoduodenectomy for @entity189 . The study group was composed of 12 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 . Their median age was found to be 62.32 years (range 26-85 years). The parameters analyzed in the study included lymph node @entity3 , perineural invasion, differentiation, duodenal invasion, grade of @entity5436 and @entity986 and @entity4910 expression in tumoral and peritumoral pancreatic tissues. RESULTS: In both @entity5 groups, the loss of @entity986 protein expression was significantly correlated with perineural invasion (p = 0.0001). Perineural invasion was more frequent in the @entity1124 group than the ampulla of @entity189 group (p = 0.01). When desmoplasia and lymphoplasmacytic stromal infiltration were examined, desmoplastic reaction was significantly higher in @entity1124 than ampulla of @entity189 (p = 0.01). No significant difference was observed between @entity5 groups for @entity4910 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that loss of @entity986 protein expression may be a sign for poor prognosis in @entity5 that is correlated mainly with perineural invasion. @entity2269 stromal reaction may be a distinctive feature for @entity1124 compared with ampulla of @entity189 .

title: Expression of @entity986 protein and @entity4910 in periampullary XXXX .

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The majority of the @entity5 in periampullary region are @entity3123 . The aim of this study was to compare histopathological features of ampulla of @entity189 with @entity1124 and to determine diagnostic and predictive values of @entity986 protein and @entity4910 expression. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Tissue samples from @entity1124 were obtained from 31 @entity1 who underwent pancreticoduodenectomy for @entity189 . The study group was composed of 12 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 . Their median age was found to be 62.32 years (range 26-85 years). The parameters analyzed in the study included lymph node @entity3 , perineural invasion, differentiation, duodenal invasion, grade of @entity5436 and @entity986 and @entity4910 expression in tumoral and peritumoral pancreatic tissues. RESULTS: In both @entity5 groups, the loss of @entity986 protein expression was significantly correlated with perineural invasion (p = 0.0001). Perineural invasion was more frequent in the @entity1124 group than the ampulla of @entity189 group (p = 0.01). When desmoplasia and lymphoplasmacytic stromal infiltration were examined, desmoplastic reaction was significantly higher in @entity1124 than ampulla of @entity189 (p = 0.01). No significant difference was observed between @entity5 groups for @entity4910 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that loss of @entity986 protein expression may be a sign for poor prognosis in @entity5 that is correlated mainly with perineural invasion. @entity2269 stromal reaction may be a distinctive feature for @entity1124 compared with ampulla of @entity189 .

title: Expression of @entity986 protein and XXXX in periampullary @entity189 .

answer: @entity4910 :: (595,Gene) :: ['cyclin D1']


abstract: To evaluate the status of @entity12354 in inhabitants of Gangweon-Do, Korea, a total of 1,310 stool specimens (male 669, female 641) was collected from 2 cities and 3 counties. They were examined routinely 1 time by the method of @entity406 -ether sedimentation technique. The results were as follows: 1. The positive rate for any kind of the intestinal protozoan cysts was 8.9 %. 2. A total of 6 kinds of the intestinal protozoan cysts were detected. The prevalence rate of each protozoa were; @entity2330 0.8 %, @entity526 7.6 %, E. nana 1.4 %, I. butschlii 0.2 %, @entity461 0.5 % and C. mesnili 0.5 %. 3. Sogcho-city showed the highest positive rate as 15.2 %, Myeongju county was the next as 11.3 % and Weonju-city showed the lowest positive rate as low as 3.9 %. 4. By age, the highest positive rate was found in 20-29 age group(12.4 %). Female (9.5 %) showed a slight higher positive rate than male (8.4 %).

title: [The Status Of XXXX In Inhabitants Of Gangweon-Do, Korea]

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['E. histolytica']

entities_list: @entity12354 :: ('MESH:D011528', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal protozoan infections']

answer: @entity12354 :: (MESH:D011528,Disease) :: ['Intestinal Protozoan Infections']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an immunostimulative polymer, @entity35588 (Cpv), plus antibiotics ( @entity5153 and @entity3402 ) in a @entity19 model of @entity298 . @entity24715 augments humoral immunity with little effect on T cells and is nontoxic. @entity24715 100 mg/kg iv administered at the onset of @entity295 increased @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) by 40-55% over untreated controls. Four experiments were performed. @entity24715 in combination with antibiotics when given at the time of onset of @entity295 was significantly more effective than antibiotics alone ( @entity1349 235 vs 105 hr, P less than 0.05 at 144, 168, 192, 216 hr). In the second and third experiments @entity24715 alone and with antibiotics was administered 15 hr after the onset of @entity295 . @entity24715 significantly augmented survival over controls in the second experiment ( @entity1349 87 vs 60 hr, P less than 0.025 at 96 hr). Cpv plus antibiotics was significantly better than antibiotics alone in the third experiment ( @entity1349 111 vs 64 hr, P less than 0.05 at 72 hr, P less than 0.005 at 120 hr). In the final experiment, @entity24715 did not inhibit growth of 20 bacterial species in agar and liquid media. @entity24715 significantly enhances survival in @entity19 @entity298 even when administered after the onset of @entity295 ; furthermore Cpv plus antibiotics in @entity298 produces longer survival than antibiotics alone. Synthetic immunomodulators such as @entity24715 could eventually play a significant role in the management of @entity298 in @entity1 .

title: Enhanced survival in antibiotic-treated @entity19 @entity298 by administration of XXXX , a selective immunostimulative polymer.

entities_list: @entity5153 :: ('MESH:D009428', 'Chemical') :: ['netilmicin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

entities_list: @entity35588 :: ('MESH:C038184', 'Chemical') :: ['Copovithane']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['established peritonitis', 'fecal peritonitis', 'peritoneal infection']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity35588 :: (MESH:C038184,Chemical) :: ['copovithane']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an immunostimulative polymer, @entity35588 (Cpv), plus antibiotics ( @entity5153 and @entity3402 ) in a @entity19 model of @entity298 . @entity24715 augments humoral immunity with little effect on T cells and is nontoxic. @entity24715 100 mg/kg iv administered at the onset of @entity295 increased @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) by 40-55% over untreated controls. Four experiments were performed. @entity24715 in combination with antibiotics when given at the time of onset of @entity295 was significantly more effective than antibiotics alone ( @entity1349 235 vs 105 hr, P less than 0.05 at 144, 168, 192, 216 hr). In the second and third experiments @entity24715 alone and with antibiotics was administered 15 hr after the onset of @entity295 . @entity24715 significantly augmented survival over controls in the second experiment ( @entity1349 87 vs 60 hr, P less than 0.025 at 96 hr). Cpv plus antibiotics was significantly better than antibiotics alone in the third experiment ( @entity1349 111 vs 64 hr, P less than 0.05 at 72 hr, P less than 0.005 at 120 hr). In the final experiment, @entity24715 did not inhibit growth of 20 bacterial species in agar and liquid media. @entity24715 significantly enhances survival in @entity19 @entity298 even when administered after the onset of @entity295 ; furthermore Cpv plus antibiotics in @entity298 produces longer survival than antibiotics alone. Synthetic immunomodulators such as @entity24715 could eventually play a significant role in the management of @entity298 in @entity1 .

title: Enhanced survival in antibiotic-treated @entity19 XXXX by administration of @entity35588 , a selective immunostimulative polymer.

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['fecal peritonitis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an immunostimulative polymer, @entity35588 (Cpv), plus antibiotics ( @entity5153 and @entity3402 ) in a @entity19 model of @entity298 . @entity24715 augments humoral immunity with little effect on T cells and is nontoxic. @entity24715 100 mg/kg iv administered at the onset of @entity295 increased @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) by 40-55% over untreated controls. Four experiments were performed. @entity24715 in combination with antibiotics when given at the time of onset of @entity295 was significantly more effective than antibiotics alone ( @entity1349 235 vs 105 hr, P less than 0.05 at 144, 168, 192, 216 hr). In the second and third experiments @entity24715 alone and with antibiotics was administered 15 hr after the onset of @entity295 . @entity24715 significantly augmented survival over controls in the second experiment ( @entity1349 87 vs 60 hr, P less than 0.025 at 96 hr). Cpv plus antibiotics was significantly better than antibiotics alone in the third experiment ( @entity1349 111 vs 64 hr, P less than 0.05 at 72 hr, P less than 0.005 at 120 hr). In the final experiment, @entity24715 did not inhibit growth of 20 bacterial species in agar and liquid media. @entity24715 significantly enhances survival in @entity19 @entity298 even when administered after the onset of @entity295 ; furthermore Cpv plus antibiotics in @entity298 produces longer survival than antibiotics alone. Synthetic immunomodulators such as @entity24715 could eventually play a significant role in the management of @entity298 in @entity1 .

title: Enhanced survival in antibiotic-treated XXXX @entity298 by administration of @entity35588 , a selective immunostimulative polymer.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Eight cases of primary @entity0 were studied for evidence of heterogeneity by flow cytometry using @entity2667 staining of DNA. @entity5 ranged from 2.5 to 8.0 cm in greatest dimension, mean 4.2 cm. Five to 11 samples, determined by @entity5 size, were analyzed from each primary @entity5 in addition to 4 axillary lymph nodal metastases from 3 of the 8 cases. The presence of @entity189 was demonstrated histologically in each flow cytometric sample. Three of the @entity189 showed only diploid DNA content. Three showed the same single @entity981 population in each sample. Two @entity189 (2.5 and 3.5 cm) were heterogeneous and demonstrated 2 or 3 @entity981 populations. The 2 or 3 distinct @entity981 populations were present singly or sometimes in combination in one sample. Five of the 11 samples from 1 of the heterogeneous @entity5 and its axillary metastasis contained a single diploid population. Therefore, flow cytometric analysis of a single sample from a @entity0 may not be representative of the entire @entity5 . The study of multiple samples of @entity0 by flow cytometry is necessary for full characterization of the @entity5 .

title: XXXX determined by flow cytometric analysis.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Heterogeneity of breast carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinico pathologic factors influencing postoperative survival rate in @entity3975 of salivary glands. METHODS: A retrospective study of seventy @entity1 with @entity3975 of salivary glands has been carried out. All cases underwent primary surgical resection in our hospital were followed up and clinicopathologic factors influencing the postoperative survival rate of @entity1 were investigated. Statistical analysis was conducted using a computer program (SPSS). The data were statistically treated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The Log rank tests were employed to assess the statistical significance of various groups. RESULTS: The 3-, 5- and 10-year overall survival rate were 90.66%, 88.85% and 86.63%, respectively. The @entity1 with @entity5 ' diameter less than 4 cm, early clinical stage (stage I and II), well differentiated @entity5 cells, without lymph nodes involvement, without local recurrence and @entity3 after primary surgical resection had a long survival term. The @entity1 with @entity5 ' diameter more than 4 cm, with lymph nodes involvement, advanced clinical stage (stage III and IV), poor differentiated, with local recurrence and @entity3 after primary surgical resection demonstrated a short survival term. CONCLUSION: @entity2802 and clinical stage, the degree of differentiation, with or without local recurrence and @entity3 after primary surgical resection are the important factors influencing the postoperative survival time.

title: [Survival rate in XXXX of salivary glands].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3975 :: (MESH:D018277,Disease) :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']


abstract: Chronic and recurrent @entity11127 are a frequent problem in general practice. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of @entity56 to house dust mites in @entity11127 in general practice @entity1 . We tried to assess the influence of determined risk factors exposure on development of respiratory tract @entity566 . @entity1 from family practitioners surgeries with chronic or recurrent respiratory tract symptoms who had no diagnosis of @entity566 were recruited to the study (n = 89). All @entity1 responded to a questionnaire focused on history of symptoms, @entity558 in family and exposure to determined environmental factors like dwelling conditions, obstetrician history, diet in the first year of life. All @entity1 underwent skin prick test with common inhalant allergens. Families of the @entity1 were asked to participate in the study. Families who agreed to take part also responded to the questionnaire and underwent skin tests. In @entity1 and their families blood samples were taken to determine total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to mites allergens. Dust samples were collected by vacuuming of @entity1 ' bedroom carpets and mattresses to determine house dust mites allergens concentration. Data on 30 complete @entity1 family sets of their brotherhood, mother and father were collected. Total and specific serum IgE antibodies were determined by disc enzyme-immunoassay (Analco). Mites allergens concentration in dust was measured by simple Acarex strip test (Nexter). The results of the assays (positive skin tests and/or elevated levels of specific IgE) showed @entity566 to house dust mites in 24 of 89 study @entity1 from general practitioners surgeries (27%). The prevalence of @entity2490 , recurrent @entity3617 , chronic or recurrent cough, wheezing, dyspnoea was higher in allergic than in nonallergic subjects. @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity566 to house dust mites had usually worse dwelling conditions. Especially the influence of dampness in flats on several respiratory symptoms was observed. Subjects who had been found to be allergic were more frequently exposed to higher concentrations of house dust mites allergens in bedroom carpets and in mattresses. In allergic @entity1 early introducing of sensitizing components into the diet in infancy related to shorter breast feeding was observed.

title: XXXX to house dust mites in primary health care subjects with chronic or recurrent inflammatory states of respiratory system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['atopic conditions']

entities_list: @entity11127 :: ('MESH:D012140', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract disorders', 'respiratory tract diseases']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['Allergy']


abstract: The authors discuss epidemics of @entity6 in the world and in Poland. In the Lublin region (eastern Poland), for instance, they found type 2 @entity6 ( @entity3918 2) in 15.6% of the examined aged over 35 (according to the WHO criteria of 1985). The health care system reform in Poland has made more difficult the access of the @entity6 to a specialist that treats this disease. Therefore doctors and nurses of primary health care have become more responsible for diabcare than before. The authors believe that the systematic education of primary health care doctors by specialists so that they can treat @entity1 according to the modern standards of practical diabetology as well as sharing of tasks and responsibilities between primary and specialist diabetologic care, are very important. Primary health care would be in charge of prevention and early diagnosis of @entity3918 2 as well as prevention and early diagnosis of concomitant complications of the disease. Specialists would have consultation on the @entity1 at the moment of diagnosis and then at least once a year. They would also take care of search for and @entity2412 . Primary health care doctors would still treat most of diabetics with @entity3918 2; specialist centres doctors would treat most of diabetics with @entity3918 type 1, @entity1 with complications and from special risk groups (e.g. @entity1 with @entity6677 ).

title: Primary and specialist XXXX care three years after introduction of health care system reform in Poland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diagnosis of remote diabetes complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Persistent severe @entity391 in pregnancy is called @entity7494 gravidarum. The etiology of this disorder is still unknown. @entity74 and psychological factors are mentioned as possible causes. Vomiting usually stops after the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. CASE REPORT: A case of persistent, severe @entity391 during pregnancy is reported. The @entity1 was admitted to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Novi Sad in the 29th week gestation due to persistent @entity391 from the beginning of pregnancy. A psychological evaluation including current @entity159 was performed. The obtained results showed that @entity7494 gravidarum was a consequence of associated psychosocial factors, and conflicts causing somatic disorders. CONCLUSION: Such cases point to the importance of psychotherapy in pregnancy either with or without drug therapy. In addition, we underline the importance of psychological preparation before pregnancy and better information about pregnancy and motherhood.

title: [Persistent XXXX gravidarum as a psychosomatic dysfunction--case report].

entities_list: @entity7494 :: ('MESH:D006939', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemesis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['However, endocrinological disorders']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['psychological status']

answer: @entity7494 :: (MESH:D006939,Disease) :: ['hyperemesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We compared the efficacy of medical masks, N95 respirators (fit tested and non fit tested), in @entity283 ( @entity283 ). METHODS: A cluster randomized clinical trial (RCT) of 1441 @entity283 in 15 Beijing hospitals was performed during the 2008/2009 winter. @entity1 wore masks or respirators during the entire work shift for 4 weeks. Outcomes included clinical @entity1576 (CRI), @entity683 ( @entity683 ), laboratory-confirmed @entity1729 and @entity683 . A convenience no-mask/respirator group of 481 health workers from nine hospitals was compared. FINDINGS: The rates of CRI (3  9% versus 6  7%), @entity683 (0  3% versus 0  6%), laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus (1  4% versus 2  6%) and @entity683 (0  3% versus 1%) @entity281 were consistently lower for the N95 group compared to medical masks. By intention-to-treat analysis, when P values were adjusted for clustering, non-fit-tested N95 respirators were significantly more protective than medical masks against CRI, but no other outcomes were significant. The rates of all outcomes were higher in the convenience no-mask group compared to the intervention arms. There was no significant difference in outcomes between the N95 arms with and without fit testing. Rates of fit test failure were low. In a post hoc analysis adjusted for potential confounders, N95 masks and hospital level were significant, but medical masks, vaccination, handwashing and high-risk procedures were not. INTERPRETATION: Rates of @entity281 in the medical mask group were double that in the N95 group. A benefit of respirators is suggested but would need to be confirmed by a larger trial, as this study may have been underpowered. The finding on fit testing is specific to the type of respirator used in the study and cannot be generalized to other respirators. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN: ACTRN12609000257268 (http://www.anzctr.org.au).

title: A cluster randomized clinical trial comparing fit-tested and non-fit-tested N95 respirators to medical masks to prevent XXXX in @entity283 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health care workers', 'HCWs']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza-like illness', 'ILI']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory virus infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory virus infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We compared the efficacy of medical masks, N95 respirators (fit tested and non fit tested), in @entity283 ( @entity283 ). METHODS: A cluster randomized clinical trial (RCT) of 1441 @entity283 in 15 Beijing hospitals was performed during the 2008/2009 winter. @entity1 wore masks or respirators during the entire work shift for 4 weeks. Outcomes included clinical @entity1576 (CRI), @entity683 ( @entity683 ), laboratory-confirmed @entity1729 and @entity683 . A convenience no-mask/respirator group of 481 health workers from nine hospitals was compared. FINDINGS: The rates of CRI (3  9% versus 6  7%), @entity683 (0  3% versus 0  6%), laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus (1  4% versus 2  6%) and @entity683 (0  3% versus 1%) @entity281 were consistently lower for the N95 group compared to medical masks. By intention-to-treat analysis, when P values were adjusted for clustering, non-fit-tested N95 respirators were significantly more protective than medical masks against CRI, but no other outcomes were significant. The rates of all outcomes were higher in the convenience no-mask group compared to the intervention arms. There was no significant difference in outcomes between the N95 arms with and without fit testing. Rates of fit test failure were low. In a post hoc analysis adjusted for potential confounders, N95 masks and hospital level were significant, but medical masks, vaccination, handwashing and high-risk procedures were not. INTERPRETATION: Rates of @entity281 in the medical mask group were double that in the N95 group. A benefit of respirators is suggested but would need to be confirmed by a larger trial, as this study may have been underpowered. The finding on fit testing is specific to the type of respirator used in the study and cannot be generalized to other respirators. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN: ACTRN12609000257268 (http://www.anzctr.org.au).

title: A cluster randomized clinical trial comparing fit-tested and non-fit-tested N95 respirators to medical masks to prevent @entity1729 in XXXX .

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['health care workers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the respective value of dual-phase helical CT arterial portography (CTAP) and conventional angiography in preoperative predicting resectability of @entity1124 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Tumor resectability was prospectively evaluated in 54 @entity1 with pathologically proven @entity1124 who later underwent surgery. Both dual-phase helical CT scanning and selective angiography were obtained in each @entity1 preoperatively. For optimal enhancement of pancreas and major peripancreatic vessels, two catheters connected to an automatic injector via a Y-shaped tube were placed selective angiography, one in celiac trunk, the other in superior mesenteric artery. Then the @entity1 underwent dual-phase helical CTAP of pancreas and liver. The criteria of irresectability for CTAP include: @entity5 diameter > or = 5 cm, extrapancreatic invasion, distant metastases and vascular involvement (occlusion, @entity850 or semicircular encasement of superior mesenteric artery, hepatic artery, splenic artery, celiac axis; portal vein, superior mesenteric vein or splenic vein). The results of both modalities were correlated with findings from surgery or pathology. RESULTS: Thirty-eight of 54 @entity1 had nonresectable disease. In prediction the irresectability, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy were 94.7%, 100%, 100%, 88.9%, 96.3% respectively for helical CTAP and 63.2%, 93.89%, 96.0%, 51.7%, 72. 2% respectively for selective angiography. In assessing vascular involvements, dual-phase helical CTAP was also superior to selective angiography. CONCLUSION: Dual-phase helical CTAP is superior to angiography in assessing resectability of @entity1124 . The combination of the two modalities may further improve overall creatic

title: Assessing the resectability of XXXX : comparision of dual-phase helical CT arterial portography with conventional angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: In 22q11.2 deletion @entity1 , the normal decrease in T lymphocyte counts after 1-2   years is blunted such that relatively T lymphocyte numbers increase over early childhood, probably via post-thymic expansion of peripheral lymphocytes. This may leave less T lymphocyte receptor (TCR) diversity than when derived from naive thymic emigrants. We analysed TCR Vb repertoire on 27 22q11.2 chromosome deletion @entity1 . No @entity1 had @entity281 at sampling. CD3(+) @entity404 (+) recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) were identified by CD45RA and @entity2279 expression. TCR Vb repertoire was determined using four-colour flow cytometry. @entity1 and controls showed significant TCR Vb family usage differences between CD3(+) @entity404 (+) and CD3(+) @entity404 (-) T lymphocyte subpopulations. @entity4670 (  3   SD of controls) were identified in 18/27 (67%) @entity1 and 12/47 (25%) controls. In @entity1 , the magnitude of expansions was increased, with some Vb families representing 37% of the cells present in the subpopulations. There was a significant increase in frequency of abnormalities in CD3(+) @entity404 (+) (P   <   0.001) and CD3(+) @entity404 (-) T lymphocytes (P   <   0.05) in @entity1 . A total of 11/16 @entity1 had an abnormal @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (Bright) TCR Vb repertoire. There was no difference in expansions/contractions between @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (Bright) and @entity404 (+) T lymphocyte repertoires (P   =   0.575) for individual @entity1 but significant differences in expansions/contractions between @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (Bright) and @entity405 (+) T lymphocytes repertoires (P   =   0.011). There was bias in Vb usage between CD3(+) @entity404 (+) and CD3(+) @entity404 (-) T lymphocyte subsets. A total of 67% @entity1 had TCR Vb @entity854 , with a trend towards increased @entity854 with fewer RTEs, suggesting thymic output plays an important role in TCR repertoire diversity. There was no correlation between skewed repertoire and symptoms of @entity281 or @entity792 .

title: Flow cytometric analysis of TCR Vb repertoire in XXXX with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['Vb family abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['repertoire abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While lung transplantation is an increasingly utilized therapy for advanced @entity358 , chronic rejection in the form of @entity4154 ( @entity4154 ) continues to result in significant allograft dysfunction and @entity1 mortality. Despite correlation of clinical events with eventual development of @entity4154 , the causative pathophysiology remains unknown. Airway epithelial cells within the region of @entity32 and @entity82 associated with @entity4154 may have a participatory role. METHODS: Transplant derived airway epithelial cells differentiated in air liquid interface culture were treated with @entity1356 and/or @entity205 , after which secretion of cytokines and growth factor and gene expression for markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition were analyzed. RESULTS: Secretion of @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity310 , but not @entity2533 , was increased by @entity1356 stimulation. In contrast to previous studies using epithelial cells grown in submersion culture, treatment of differentiated cells in ALI culture with @entity205 did not elicit cytokine or growth factor secretion, and did not alter @entity650 , @entity687 , or @entity310 production in response to @entity1356 treatment. Neither @entity1356 nor @entity205 elicited expression of markers of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition @entity5962 , EDN-fibronectin, and a-smooth muscle actin. CONCLUSION: Transplant derived differentiated airway epithelial cell @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity310 secretion is not regulated by @entity205 in vitro; these cells thus may participate in local inflammatory responses in the setting of immunosuppression. Further, treatment with @entity1356 did not elicit gene expression of markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. These data present a model of differentiated airway epithelial cells that may be useful in understanding epithelial participation in @entity32 and allograft rejection in lung transplantation.

title: Differentiated transplant derived airway epithelial cell cytokine secretion is not regulated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['BOS', 'bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: There is no standard second-line chemotherapy treatment for recurrent or metastatic @entity5 (MUC). The purpose of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the three-drug combination of @entity1311 , @entity1260 , and @entity1814 (TIN). @entity1 with MUC were eligible after treatment failure with @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 , or @entity136 and @entity900 . Doses for TIN therapy were @entity1311 175   mg/m2 on day 1, @entity1260 1500   mg/m2 on days 1-3, and @entity1814 70   mg/m2 on day 1, every 4   weeks. @entity5 response, the primary efficacy parameter, was assessed according to unidimensional measurements (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 criteria, version 1.0). Secondary efficacy parameters were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). @entity137 was assessed according to the National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria, version 3.0. A total of 45 @entity1 (13 females and 32 males) with MUC were evaluable for response and @entity137 . The overall response rate was 40.0%. Median PFS time was 4.0   months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6-11.6). Median OS time was 8.9   months (95% CI, 10.5-18.9). Grade 3 or 4 hematologic adverse events were @entity1398 (95.6%), @entity417 (15.6%), and @entity882 (17.8%). The most common grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic adverse events were @entity448 (4.4%) and elevated @entity492 transaminase/ @entity493 transaminase (2.2%). No toxic death was observed. The main limitation of this study is that only 10 @entity1 (22.2%) who were previously treated with @entity136 and @entity900 were included. In conclusion, @entity11721 as second-line treatment for MUC is an active regimen with a manageable @entity137 profile.

title: @entity1311 , @entity1260 , and @entity1814 as second-line treatment for XXXX with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a phase II study of the SUOC group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cancer', 'Solid Tumors', 'Tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: There is no standard second-line chemotherapy treatment for recurrent or metastatic @entity5 (MUC). The purpose of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the three-drug combination of @entity1311 , @entity1260 , and @entity1814 (TIN). @entity1 with MUC were eligible after treatment failure with @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 , or @entity136 and @entity900 . Doses for TIN therapy were @entity1311 175   mg/m2 on day 1, @entity1260 1500   mg/m2 on days 1-3, and @entity1814 70   mg/m2 on day 1, every 4   weeks. @entity5 response, the primary efficacy parameter, was assessed according to unidimensional measurements (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 criteria, version 1.0). Secondary efficacy parameters were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). @entity137 was assessed according to the National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria, version 3.0. A total of 45 @entity1 (13 females and 32 males) with MUC were evaluable for response and @entity137 . The overall response rate was 40.0%. Median PFS time was 4.0   months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6-11.6). Median OS time was 8.9   months (95% CI, 10.5-18.9). Grade 3 or 4 hematologic adverse events were @entity1398 (95.6%), @entity417 (15.6%), and @entity882 (17.8%). The most common grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic adverse events were @entity448 (4.4%) and elevated @entity492 transaminase/ @entity493 transaminase (2.2%). No toxic death was observed. The main limitation of this study is that only 10 @entity1 (22.2%) who were previously treated with @entity136 and @entity900 were included. In conclusion, @entity11721 as second-line treatment for MUC is an active regimen with a manageable @entity137 profile.

title: @entity1311 , XXXX , and @entity1814 as second-line treatment for @entity1 with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a phase II study of the SUOC group.

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: There is no standard second-line chemotherapy treatment for recurrent or metastatic @entity5 (MUC). The purpose of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the three-drug combination of @entity1311 , @entity1260 , and @entity1814 (TIN). @entity1 with MUC were eligible after treatment failure with @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 , or @entity136 and @entity900 . Doses for TIN therapy were @entity1311 175   mg/m2 on day 1, @entity1260 1500   mg/m2 on days 1-3, and @entity1814 70   mg/m2 on day 1, every 4   weeks. @entity5 response, the primary efficacy parameter, was assessed according to unidimensional measurements (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 criteria, version 1.0). Secondary efficacy parameters were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). @entity137 was assessed according to the National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria, version 3.0. A total of 45 @entity1 (13 females and 32 males) with MUC were evaluable for response and @entity137 . The overall response rate was 40.0%. Median PFS time was 4.0   months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6-11.6). Median OS time was 8.9   months (95% CI, 10.5-18.9). Grade 3 or 4 hematologic adverse events were @entity1398 (95.6%), @entity417 (15.6%), and @entity882 (17.8%). The most common grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic adverse events were @entity448 (4.4%) and elevated @entity492 transaminase/ @entity493 transaminase (2.2%). No toxic death was observed. The main limitation of this study is that only 10 @entity1 (22.2%) who were previously treated with @entity136 and @entity900 were included. In conclusion, @entity11721 as second-line treatment for MUC is an active regimen with a manageable @entity137 profile.

title: @entity1311 , @entity1260 , and XXXX as second-line treatment for @entity1 with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a phase II study of the SUOC group.

answer: @entity1814 :: (MESH:C053989,Chemical) :: ['nedaplatin']


abstract: There is no standard second-line chemotherapy treatment for recurrent or metastatic @entity5 (MUC). The purpose of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the three-drug combination of @entity1311 , @entity1260 , and @entity1814 (TIN). @entity1 with MUC were eligible after treatment failure with @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 , or @entity136 and @entity900 . Doses for TIN therapy were @entity1311 175   mg/m2 on day 1, @entity1260 1500   mg/m2 on days 1-3, and @entity1814 70   mg/m2 on day 1, every 4   weeks. @entity5 response, the primary efficacy parameter, was assessed according to unidimensional measurements (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 criteria, version 1.0). Secondary efficacy parameters were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). @entity137 was assessed according to the National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria, version 3.0. A total of 45 @entity1 (13 females and 32 males) with MUC were evaluable for response and @entity137 . The overall response rate was 40.0%. Median PFS time was 4.0   months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6-11.6). Median OS time was 8.9   months (95% CI, 10.5-18.9). Grade 3 or 4 hematologic adverse events were @entity1398 (95.6%), @entity417 (15.6%), and @entity882 (17.8%). The most common grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic adverse events were @entity448 (4.4%) and elevated @entity492 transaminase/ @entity493 transaminase (2.2%). No toxic death was observed. The main limitation of this study is that only 10 @entity1 (22.2%) who were previously treated with @entity136 and @entity900 were included. In conclusion, @entity11721 as second-line treatment for MUC is an active regimen with a manageable @entity137 profile.

title: XXXX , @entity1260 , and @entity1814 as second-line treatment for @entity1 with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a phase II study of the SUOC group.

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: The interaction of @entity12698 and @entity13586 with @entity1229 was studied. @entity1 stable on @entity1229 therapy and concurrently taking a @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitor comparator (traditional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications, @entity65722 , or @entity1443 ) randomly received @entity12698 200 mg/day or @entity13586 25 mg/day for three weeks. After a one-week washout period, the @entity1 were crossed over to treatment with the opposite @entity3840 inhibitor for three more weeks. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) was measured at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, and 3 of therapy with each @entity3840 inhibitor by testing blood samples obtained by finger stick. Data for 16 @entity1 were analyzed. The INR increased by 13%, 6%, and 5% on average in @entity1 taking @entity12698 at weeks 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and by 5%, 9%, and 5% in @entity1 taking @entity13586 . Changes in the INR were statistically significant at week 1 for @entity12698 and at week 2 for @entity13586 . Of the 12 subjects who had a clinically significant > or = 15% change in the INR while receiving either @entity3840 inhibitor, 4 showed this change for both agents. @entity137 were similar for each @entity3840 inhibitor, but the rate of @entity4 requiring medical intervention was higher in the @entity13586 group. Significant increases in the INR were observed in @entity1 who were stable on @entity1229 therapy after the addition of therapy with @entity13586 or @entity12698 .

title: Interaction of @entity13586 and XXXX with @entity1229 .

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity65722 :: ('MESH:C014182', 'Chemical') :: ['salsalate']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: The interaction of @entity12698 and @entity13586 with @entity1229 was studied. @entity1 stable on @entity1229 therapy and concurrently taking a @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitor comparator (traditional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications, @entity65722 , or @entity1443 ) randomly received @entity12698 200 mg/day or @entity13586 25 mg/day for three weeks. After a one-week washout period, the @entity1 were crossed over to treatment with the opposite @entity3840 inhibitor for three more weeks. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) was measured at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, and 3 of therapy with each @entity3840 inhibitor by testing blood samples obtained by finger stick. Data for 16 @entity1 were analyzed. The INR increased by 13%, 6%, and 5% on average in @entity1 taking @entity12698 at weeks 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and by 5%, 9%, and 5% in @entity1 taking @entity13586 . Changes in the INR were statistically significant at week 1 for @entity12698 and at week 2 for @entity13586 . Of the 12 subjects who had a clinically significant > or = 15% change in the INR while receiving either @entity3840 inhibitor, 4 showed this change for both agents. @entity137 were similar for each @entity3840 inhibitor, but the rate of @entity4 requiring medical intervention was higher in the @entity13586 group. Significant increases in the INR were observed in @entity1 who were stable on @entity1229 therapy after the addition of therapy with @entity13586 or @entity12698 .

title: Interaction of XXXX and @entity12698 with @entity1229 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity13586 :: (MESH:C116926,Chemical) :: ['rofecoxib']


abstract: The interaction of @entity12698 and @entity13586 with @entity1229 was studied. @entity1 stable on @entity1229 therapy and concurrently taking a @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitor comparator (traditional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications, @entity65722 , or @entity1443 ) randomly received @entity12698 200 mg/day or @entity13586 25 mg/day for three weeks. After a one-week washout period, the @entity1 were crossed over to treatment with the opposite @entity3840 inhibitor for three more weeks. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) was measured at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, and 3 of therapy with each @entity3840 inhibitor by testing blood samples obtained by finger stick. Data for 16 @entity1 were analyzed. The INR increased by 13%, 6%, and 5% on average in @entity1 taking @entity12698 at weeks 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and by 5%, 9%, and 5% in @entity1 taking @entity13586 . Changes in the INR were statistically significant at week 1 for @entity12698 and at week 2 for @entity13586 . Of the 12 subjects who had a clinically significant > or = 15% change in the INR while receiving either @entity3840 inhibitor, 4 showed this change for both agents. @entity137 were similar for each @entity3840 inhibitor, but the rate of @entity4 requiring medical intervention was higher in the @entity13586 group. Significant increases in the INR were observed in @entity1 who were stable on @entity1229 therapy after the addition of therapy with @entity13586 or @entity12698 .

title: Interaction of @entity13586 and @entity12698 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: The major form of @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is characterised by immune-mediated pancreatic islet b-cell destruction, and has also been called type 1A @entity6 to distinguish it from idiopathic forms of islet b-cell loss. Since the first demonstration of islet cell antibodies in 1974, the concept has been that this form of @entity6 is autoimmune in nature. The commonly accepted concept is that antibodies (representing the humoral arm of the immune system) do not mediate the b-cell destruction but rather serve as markers of that destruction, while the cellular arm of the immune system, specifically T-lymphocytes, mediate the b-cell destruction. Yet, the T-lymphocytes do not act alone. They receive help in initiating the response from antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages, and appear to receive help also from B-lymphocytes. In addition, the initial immune response engenders secondary and tertiary responses - involving the whole immunological army - which collectively result in impairment of b-cell function, progressive destruction of b-cells, and consequent development of type 1A @entity6 . The process is insidious and may evolve over many years, with the overt expression of clinical symptoms becoming apparent only when most b-cells have been destroyed. Yet, the process clearly evolves at different speeds - much more rapidly in young @entity1 , much more slowly in older individuals. And, although it has been thought that ultimately there is complete b-cell destruction, several studies have now demonstrated some degree of persistent b-cell function or existence (at autopsy) in long-standing @entity1723 . A major focus of investigation in @entity1723 is the preservation of b-cell function (and, it is hoped, of b-cells themselves), in the expectation that continuing endogenous insulin secretion will contribute towards better glycaemic control, reduce episodes of severe hypoglycaemia, and slow the development of complications such as @entity989 and @entity8 . Thus, there have been many studies designed to interdict the @entity1723 disease process, mostly by altering the immune system, both during the stage of evolution of the disease and at the time of disease onset. This chapter of the Yearbook of Advanced Technology and Treatments in @entity6 reviews the key papers that have appeared in this field between July 2009 and June 2010. Articles selected were confined to studies in @entity1 beings. All immune intervention studies reported in this time frame were included. In addition, the author selected other relevant articles dealing with mechanisms, markers, triggers, and pathology of @entity1 @entity1723 .

title: Immune intervention for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity8804 ( @entity8804 ) is a hereditary condition that can cause discoloration of teeth in addition to other @entity4500 . @entity1 often present to the dentist with a main goal of improving their esthetics. A myriad of treatment options have been described for this condition. This clinical report describes the management of a young adult with @entity8804 who desired improvement in dental esthetics after orthodontic treatment. As a result of his condition, the @entity1 's dentition exhibited the classic generalized dark amber opalescence. A 14% @entity273 gel was used for bleaching of the maxillary and mandibular teeth, performed by the @entity1 at home. The @entity1 was followed at different intervals, and the improvement in teeth shade was significant and remained stable at 3.5 years. No adverse effects were observed. This article is the first case report in the literature describing the long-term follow-up of teeth bleaching in a @entity1 with @entity8804 . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Teeth bleaching may be considered as the first choice of treatment in @entity8804 @entity1 . If successful, it offers a simple, conservative, and economical solution to satisfy the esthetic requirements of these @entity1 .

title: Successful bleaching of teeth with XXXX discoloration: a case report.

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['dental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity8804 :: ('MESH:D003811', 'Disease') :: ['Dentinogenesis imperfecta', 'dentinogenesis imperfecta', 'DI']

answer: @entity8804 :: (MESH:D003811,Disease) :: ['dentinogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity323 correlates with @entity65 and its common risk factors due to the development of @entity409 . Positive effects on endothelial and erectile function have been described for substances inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-system. Here, we investigated in an @entity731 model, whether @entity9887 (angiotensin receptor blocker) and @entity3372 (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) are equivalent or the combination of both is superior in improving endothelial function in the aorta and the corpus cavernosum and in reducing @entity731 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Wild-type (WT, C57/B6) and apolipoprotein-E-deficient ( @entity6970 (-/-) ) @entity19 were treated with a @entity165 -rich diet for 8 weeks. @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 were supplemented with either @entity9887 (20 mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ), @entity3372 (2.5 mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ) or the combination thereof. KEY RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in treatment groups (P < 0.001), with significantly smaller reduction under @entity3372 monotherapy (P < 0.05). Endothelial function (assessed by pharmacological stimulation of aortic rings and corpus cavernosum in organ bath chambers) was impaired in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 compared to WT animals, which was improved by all three treatments to a comparable extent (P < 0.05). @entity731 size in the ascending aorta and aortic sinus (P < 0.001), the amount of lipid @entity2627 in cavernosal and aortic tissue (P < 0.05) and free radical load ( @entity16203 -stain) (P < 0.05) were enhanced in untreated @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 in comparison to WT animals and were significantly reduced by either treatment. In penile tissue, expression of eNOS could be restored by renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system blockade. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: @entity9887 and @entity3372 significantly improved endothelial function of aortic and cavernosal tissues in @entity6970 (-/-) via reduction of oxidative stress. Combination of both agents does not enhance beneficial effects significantly.

title: @entity9887 , @entity3372 and their combination improve endothelial function in different tissues in a XXXX model of @entity165 -induced @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['Telmisartan', 'telmisartan']

entities_list: @entity16203 :: ('MESH:C067883', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroethidium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity323 correlates with @entity65 and its common risk factors due to the development of @entity409 . Positive effects on endothelial and erectile function have been described for substances inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-system. Here, we investigated in an @entity731 model, whether @entity9887 (angiotensin receptor blocker) and @entity3372 (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) are equivalent or the combination of both is superior in improving endothelial function in the aorta and the corpus cavernosum and in reducing @entity731 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Wild-type (WT, C57/B6) and apolipoprotein-E-deficient ( @entity6970 (-/-) ) @entity19 were treated with a @entity165 -rich diet for 8 weeks. @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 were supplemented with either @entity9887 (20 mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ), @entity3372 (2.5 mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ) or the combination thereof. KEY RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in treatment groups (P < 0.001), with significantly smaller reduction under @entity3372 monotherapy (P < 0.05). Endothelial function (assessed by pharmacological stimulation of aortic rings and corpus cavernosum in organ bath chambers) was impaired in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 compared to WT animals, which was improved by all three treatments to a comparable extent (P < 0.05). @entity731 size in the ascending aorta and aortic sinus (P < 0.001), the amount of lipid @entity2627 in cavernosal and aortic tissue (P < 0.05) and free radical load ( @entity16203 -stain) (P < 0.05) were enhanced in untreated @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 in comparison to WT animals and were significantly reduced by either treatment. In penile tissue, expression of eNOS could be restored by renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system blockade. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: @entity9887 and @entity3372 significantly improved endothelial function of aortic and cavernosal tissues in @entity6970 (-/-) via reduction of oxidative stress. Combination of both agents does not enhance beneficial effects significantly.

title: XXXX , @entity3372 and their combination improve endothelial function in different tissues in a @entity19 model of @entity165 -induced @entity731 .

answer: @entity9887 :: (MESH:C084178,Chemical) :: ['Telmisartan']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity323 correlates with @entity65 and its common risk factors due to the development of @entity409 . Positive effects on endothelial and erectile function have been described for substances inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-system. Here, we investigated in an @entity731 model, whether @entity9887 (angiotensin receptor blocker) and @entity3372 (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) are equivalent or the combination of both is superior in improving endothelial function in the aorta and the corpus cavernosum and in reducing @entity731 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Wild-type (WT, C57/B6) and apolipoprotein-E-deficient ( @entity6970 (-/-) ) @entity19 were treated with a @entity165 -rich diet for 8 weeks. @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 were supplemented with either @entity9887 (20 mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ), @entity3372 (2.5 mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ) or the combination thereof. KEY RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in treatment groups (P < 0.001), with significantly smaller reduction under @entity3372 monotherapy (P < 0.05). Endothelial function (assessed by pharmacological stimulation of aortic rings and corpus cavernosum in organ bath chambers) was impaired in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 compared to WT animals, which was improved by all three treatments to a comparable extent (P < 0.05). @entity731 size in the ascending aorta and aortic sinus (P < 0.001), the amount of lipid @entity2627 in cavernosal and aortic tissue (P < 0.05) and free radical load ( @entity16203 -stain) (P < 0.05) were enhanced in untreated @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 in comparison to WT animals and were significantly reduced by either treatment. In penile tissue, expression of eNOS could be restored by renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system blockade. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: @entity9887 and @entity3372 significantly improved endothelial function of aortic and cavernosal tissues in @entity6970 (-/-) via reduction of oxidative stress. Combination of both agents does not enhance beneficial effects significantly.

title: @entity9887 , @entity3372 and their combination improve endothelial function in different tissues in a @entity19 model of XXXX -induced @entity731 .

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity323 correlates with @entity65 and its common risk factors due to the development of @entity409 . Positive effects on endothelial and erectile function have been described for substances inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-system. Here, we investigated in an @entity731 model, whether @entity9887 (angiotensin receptor blocker) and @entity3372 (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) are equivalent or the combination of both is superior in improving endothelial function in the aorta and the corpus cavernosum and in reducing @entity731 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Wild-type (WT, C57/B6) and apolipoprotein-E-deficient ( @entity6970 (-/-) ) @entity19 were treated with a @entity165 -rich diet for 8 weeks. @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 were supplemented with either @entity9887 (20 mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ), @entity3372 (2.5 mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ) or the combination thereof. KEY RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in treatment groups (P < 0.001), with significantly smaller reduction under @entity3372 monotherapy (P < 0.05). Endothelial function (assessed by pharmacological stimulation of aortic rings and corpus cavernosum in organ bath chambers) was impaired in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 compared to WT animals, which was improved by all three treatments to a comparable extent (P < 0.05). @entity731 size in the ascending aorta and aortic sinus (P < 0.001), the amount of lipid @entity2627 in cavernosal and aortic tissue (P < 0.05) and free radical load ( @entity16203 -stain) (P < 0.05) were enhanced in untreated @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 in comparison to WT animals and were significantly reduced by either treatment. In penile tissue, expression of eNOS could be restored by renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system blockade. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: @entity9887 and @entity3372 significantly improved endothelial function of aortic and cavernosal tissues in @entity6970 (-/-) via reduction of oxidative stress. Combination of both agents does not enhance beneficial effects significantly.

title: @entity9887 , @entity3372 and their combination improve endothelial function in different tissues in a @entity19 model of @entity165 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity323 correlates with @entity65 and its common risk factors due to the development of @entity409 . Positive effects on endothelial and erectile function have been described for substances inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-system. Here, we investigated in an @entity731 model, whether @entity9887 (angiotensin receptor blocker) and @entity3372 (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) are equivalent or the combination of both is superior in improving endothelial function in the aorta and the corpus cavernosum and in reducing @entity731 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Wild-type (WT, C57/B6) and apolipoprotein-E-deficient ( @entity6970 (-/-) ) @entity19 were treated with a @entity165 -rich diet for 8 weeks. @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 were supplemented with either @entity9887 (20 mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ), @entity3372 (2.5 mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ) or the combination thereof. KEY RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in treatment groups (P < 0.001), with significantly smaller reduction under @entity3372 monotherapy (P < 0.05). Endothelial function (assessed by pharmacological stimulation of aortic rings and corpus cavernosum in organ bath chambers) was impaired in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 compared to WT animals, which was improved by all three treatments to a comparable extent (P < 0.05). @entity731 size in the ascending aorta and aortic sinus (P < 0.001), the amount of lipid @entity2627 in cavernosal and aortic tissue (P < 0.05) and free radical load ( @entity16203 -stain) (P < 0.05) were enhanced in untreated @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 in comparison to WT animals and were significantly reduced by either treatment. In penile tissue, expression of eNOS could be restored by renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system blockade. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: @entity9887 and @entity3372 significantly improved endothelial function of aortic and cavernosal tissues in @entity6970 (-/-) via reduction of oxidative stress. Combination of both agents does not enhance beneficial effects significantly.

title: @entity9887 , XXXX and their combination improve endothelial function in different tissues in a @entity19 model of @entity165 -induced @entity731 .

answer: @entity3372 :: (MESH:D017257,Chemical) :: ['ramipril']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cockroach proteins induce @entity566 including @entity565 in predisposed individuals. Well-designed controlled studies are required to show the effect of cockroach immunotherapy (IT). This study is aimed to assess changes in clinical and immunological parameters post-IT with @entity564 extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of cockroach IT was performed for 1year in 50 @entity1 of @entity565 , @entity2490 or both. The efficacy of IT was assessed by change in skin reactivity and clinical parameters such as symptom/drug score, airway reactivity and immunological parameters namely IgE, IgG1 and IgG4, @entity3646 and @entity379 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting using @entity1 ' sera at baseline and after 1year of treatment. RESULTS: Immunotherapy with cockroach extract demonstrated significant improvement in clinical parameters of active group @entity1 compared with baseline values and placebo group. Specific IgE levels showed a modest reduction, while IgG4 levels increased significantly in active IT group after 1year. IgE immunoblotting demonstrated reduction in intensity and number of specific bands, whereas IgG4 binding showed more number and distinct bands following IT. Active group @entity1 showed correlation between increase in IgG4/IgG1 ratio and reduction in symptom score post-IT. CONCLUSIONS: Immunotherapy with cockroach extract improved clinical and immunological status of @entity565 and @entity2490 @entity1 . Clinical improvement in @entity1 after IT is associated with immunological changes.

title: Clinico-immunological changes post-immunotherapy with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity564 :: ('6978', 'Species') :: ['Periplaneta americana']

answer: @entity564 :: (6978,Species) :: ['Periplaneta americana']


abstract: AIMS: To define the histological criteria of primary @entity5426 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-two @entity5426 of bone in 23 males and 15 females were studied. Histological criteria were related to @entity1 ' outcome. Eleven @entity1 had @entity75 . Lesions were located in the long and short tubular bones followed by the pelvis, spine and trunk. @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2279 in 38 of 40, @entity2880 Factor in 21 of 35, @entity2280 in 15 of 38, smooth muscle actin in 22 of 36, D2-40 in 11 of 35 and keratin AE1AE3 in 27 of 39. Thirty-nine @entity5 showed an epithelioid phenotype. One- and 5-year survival rates were 55% and 33%, respectively. Survival analysis showed that a macronucleolus, three or more mitoses per 10 @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) and fewer than five eosinophilic granulocytes per 10 @entity2194 within a @entity5 was associated with an even worse survival compared to the overall group. CONCLUSIONS: Because keratin positivity is seen in the majority of cases, pathologists should avoid misinterpretation as @entity189 . A macronucleolus, three or more mitoses per 10 @entity2194 and fewer than five eosinophilic granulocytes per 10 @entity2194 can be used to further define @entity5426 .

title: Distinct histological features characterize primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['HPF', 'high-power field']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcomas', 'angiosarcoma of bone']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['angiosarcoma of bone']


abstract: The therapeutic strategy in @entity1 with @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) is a difficult balance between the prevention of bleeding and @entity715 complications and the risks of @entity137 and @entity137 . @entity548 is rare and seems to be related to higher platelet counts. Therefore, a platelet count greater than 1500 x 10(9)/L is generally regarded as an indication for cytoreduction. @entity715 complications include @entity432 , which are usually reversible with low-dose @entity117 , and large vessel @entity715 . The risk of major @entity715 is higher in @entity1 with @entity4407 who are older than 60 years and who have had a previous occlusive event. In this high-risk group, the nonalkylating agent @entity1862 significantly reduces the rate of @entity455 and has emerged as the treatment of choice. However, the long-term risk:benefit ratio of @entity1862 remains disputed because its leukemogenic potential has not been ruled out. This holds also for other myelosuppressive agents such as @entity1863 and @entity44615 . Other drugs of particular interest for young @entity1 include recombinant interferon-alpha and anagrelide. Both of these drugs are effective in lowering platelet counts, but their efficacy in reducing clinical complications remains to be demonstrated. Furthermore, interferon and @entity18829 have frequent and clinically important side effects. Thus, further clinical studies are required to establish their role in the management of @entity1 with @entity4407 .

title: Treatment indications and choice of a platelet-lowering agent in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'drug side effects']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity44615 :: ('MESH:D010885', 'Chemical') :: ['pipobroman']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular occlusive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['ET', 'essential thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity18829 :: ('MESH:C021139', 'Chemical') :: ['anagrelide']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombotic', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity4407 :: (MESH:D013920,Disease) :: ['essential thrombocythemia']