abstract: UNASSIGNED: For a continuous treatment, the @entity33870 ( @entity33870 ) is defined as the conditional density of the treatment, given covariates. @entity33870 adjustment may be implemented by including it as a covariate in an outcome regression. Here, the unbiased estimation of the dose-response function assumes correct specification of both the @entity33870 and the outcome-treatment relationship. This paper introduces a machine learning method, the 'Super Learner', to address model selection in this context. In the two-stage estimation approach proposed, the Super Learner selects a @entity33870 and then a dose-response function conditional on the @entity33870 , as the convex combination of candidate prediction algorithms. We compare this approach with parametric implementations of the @entity33870 and to regression methods. We contrast the methods in the Risk Adjustment in Neurocritical care cohort study, in which we estimate the marginal effects of increasing transfer time from emergency departments to specialised neuroscience centres, for @entity1 with acute @entity131 . With parametric models for the outcome, we find that dose-response curves differ according to choice of specification. With the Super Learner approach to both regression and the @entity33870 , we find that transfer time does not have a statistically significant marginal effect on the outcomes.    2015 The Authors. Health Economics Published by John Wiley _ Sons Ltd.

title: Evaluation of the Effect of a Continuous Treatment: A Machine Learning Approach with an Application to Treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity33870 :: ('MESH:C537614', 'Disease') :: ['GPS', 'generalised propensity score']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity1 femur from Karain E Cave ( @entity233 ) exhumed from a Mousterian level provided the opportunity to make an incursion into the structural morphology of a late adolescent, or a young adult, femoral shaft from the late Middle Pleistocene of Anatolia. METHODS: Considering the chrono-ecogeographical context, this study focuses particularly on the endostructural morphological similarities between Karain and @entity4840 fossils. RESULTS: Comparative analysis shows that some femoral features of the Karain specimen are frequently observed in @entity4840 , in comparison to some Middle Pleistocene Homo and Middle/Upper Paleolithic modern @entity1 . In particular, we note a high degree of circularity and a strong midshaft posteromedial reinforcement of cortical thickness on the medial side. According to the mapping of cortical thickness, this latter feature can be related to the medial spiral distribution pattern of cortical thickness in the mid-proximal shaft, which is present at Karain and in all @entity4840 available for this study. This spiral distribution was not identified in recent modern @entity1 and may be absent from ancient Homo with femoral pilaster. CONCLUSIONS: The endostructural signature of Karain could indicate a similar biomechanical strain system to that of @entity4840 that could be linked to body shape. However, the presence of posteromedial reinforcement in Berg Aukas may point to an ancestral feature and may be independent of latitude. A larger comparative sample should further clarify the taxonomical, biomechanical, and chrono-ecogeographical origins of the structural femoral features observed in an evolutionary @entity4840 context from MIS 7-9 in Karain. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The endostructural pattern of a middle pleistocene @entity1 femoral diaphysis from the Karain E site (Southern Anatolia, XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4840 :: ('63221', 'Species') :: ['Neanderthal', 'Neanderthals']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity1 femur from Karain E Cave ( @entity233 ) exhumed from a Mousterian level provided the opportunity to make an incursion into the structural morphology of a late adolescent, or a young adult, femoral shaft from the late Middle Pleistocene of Anatolia. METHODS: Considering the chrono-ecogeographical context, this study focuses particularly on the endostructural morphological similarities between Karain and @entity4840 fossils. RESULTS: Comparative analysis shows that some femoral features of the Karain specimen are frequently observed in @entity4840 , in comparison to some Middle Pleistocene Homo and Middle/Upper Paleolithic modern @entity1 . In particular, we note a high degree of circularity and a strong midshaft posteromedial reinforcement of cortical thickness on the medial side. According to the mapping of cortical thickness, this latter feature can be related to the medial spiral distribution pattern of cortical thickness in the mid-proximal shaft, which is present at Karain and in all @entity4840 available for this study. This spiral distribution was not identified in recent modern @entity1 and may be absent from ancient Homo with femoral pilaster. CONCLUSIONS: The endostructural signature of Karain could indicate a similar biomechanical strain system to that of @entity4840 that could be linked to body shape. However, the presence of posteromedial reinforcement in Berg Aukas may point to an ancestral feature and may be independent of latitude. A larger comparative sample should further clarify the taxonomical, biomechanical, and chrono-ecogeographical origins of the structural femoral features observed in an evolutionary @entity4840 context from MIS 7-9 in Karain. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The endostructural pattern of a middle pleistocene XXXX femoral diaphysis from the Karain E site (Southern Anatolia, @entity233 ).

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical features of uncinate process @entity788 and to improve the resection rate. METHODS: From January 1990 to June 1999, 10 @entity1 with pancreas uncinate process @entity189 received Whipple's operation. Portal vein (PV) resection and reanastomosis were performed in 5 @entity1 , and the resected length varied from 2.0 to 4.2 cm. Two @entity1 underwent PV lateral wall partial resection. RESULTS: Among the 7 @entity1 undergoing PV resection, 1 died of @entity1578 3 days after operation. One @entity1 suffered from @entity86 . These 6 @entity1 survived 13 to 29 months postoperatively. Among the 3 @entity1 without PV resection, 2 survived 13 months and 14 months respectively. One @entity1 was alive by the end of follow-up for 11.5 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Although uncinate process @entity788 has a tendency to invade the adjacent PV and superior mesentery vein, it should not be simply regarded as a contraindication of radical resection.

title: Surgical treatment for uncinate process XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative chylous ascites']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: @entity44930 -DNA glycosylase (Fpg) is a primary @entity1 in the repair of @entity25469 , an abundant oxidative DNA lesion. Although the structure of Fpg has been established, @entity535 residues that define damage recognition have not been identified. We have combined molecular dynamics and bioinformatics approaches to address this issue. Site-specific mutagenesis coupled with enzyme kinetics was used to test our predictions. On the basis of molecular dynamics simulations, Lys-217 was predicted to interact with the O8 of extrahelical @entity25469 accommodated in the binding pocket. Consistent with our computational studies, mutation of Lys-217 selectively reduced the ability of Fpg to excise @entity25469 from DNA. Dihydrouracil, also a substrate for Fpg, served as a nonspecific control. Other residues involved in damage recognition (His-89, @entity534 -108, and @entity534 -109) were identified by combined conservation/structure analysis. @entity534 -108, which forms two @entity3884 bonds with @entity5538 in Fpg-DNA, is a major determinant of opposite-base specificity. Mutation of this residue reduced excision of @entity25469 from thermally unstable mispairs with @entity2774 or @entity6244 , while excision from the stable @entity5538 and @entity5536 base pairs was less affected. Mutation of His-89 selectively diminished the rate of excision of @entity25469 , whereas mutation of @entity534 -109 nearly abolished binding of Fpg to damaged DNA. Taken together, these results suggest that His-89 and @entity534 -109 form part of a reading head, a structural feature used by the enzyme to scan DNA for damage. His-89 and Lys-217 help determine the specificity of Fpg in recognizing the oxidatively damaged base, while @entity534 -108 provides specificity for bases positioned opposite the lesion.

title: Substrate discrimination by XXXX -DNA glycosylase: a mutational analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity44930 :: ('CHEBI:38339', 'Chemical') :: ['Formamidopyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

answer: @entity44930 :: (CHEBI:38339,Chemical) :: ['formamidopyrimidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A diagnosis of @entity5 and subsequent treatment are distressing not only for the @entity1 directly affected, but also for their intimate partner. The aim of this review is to (a) identify the main theoretical frameworks underpinning research addressing dyadic coping among couples affected by @entity5 , (b) summarise the evidence supporting the concepts described in these theoretical frameworks, and (c) examine the similarities and differences between these theoretical perspectives. METHODS: A literature search was undertaken to identify descriptive studies published between 1990 and 2013 (English and French) that examined the interdependence of @entity1 ' and partners' coping, and the impact of coping on psychosocial outcomes. Data were extracted using a standardised form and reviewed by three of the authors. RESULTS: Twenty-three peer-reviewed manuscripts were identified, from which seven theoretical perspectives were derived: Relationship-Focused Coping, Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, Systemic-Transactional Model (STM) of dyadic coping, Collaborative Coping, Relationship Intimacy model, Communication models, and Coping Congruence. Although these theoretical perspectives emphasised different aspects of coping, a number of conceptual commonalities were noted. CONCLUSION: This review identified key theoretical frameworks of dyadic coping used in @entity5 . Evidence indicates that responses within the couple that inhibit open communication between partner and @entity1 are likely to have an adverse impact on psychosocial outcomes. Models that incorporate the interdependence of emotional responses and coping behaviours within couples have an emerging evidence base in psycho-oncology and may have greatest validity and clinical utility in this setting. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Couples coping with XXXX : exploration of theoretical frameworks from dyadic studies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The aim of the present study is to provide a morphological explanation of @entity9454 ( @entity2050 )-induced sloughing of germ cells that occurs in a stage-specific manner. Therefore, very early alterations in the seminiferous tubule epithelium were examined histologically in the @entity35 testis after oral administration of @entity2050 (400mg/kg). Gaps between the elongated and round spermatids, the first indication of germ cell sloughing (pre-sloughing), were observed in stage late VI-early VII seminiferous tubules at 90-min post-treatment. Tubulin immunoreaction in the Sertoli cells was reduced in intensity in tubules with pre-sloughing. However, electron microscopy demonstrated that there were some intact microtubules in these cells. At 120 min, sloughing was seen in stage late VI-early VII and XIII-XIV. Tubulin immunoreaction in the Sertoli cells was greatly decreased in intensity in tubules where cell sloughing was observed. Electron microscopy showed that there were few microtubules in the body region of these cells. Stages II-V and mid-VII-VIII were exempt from the sloughing effect at 180 min. These changes in microtubules were not observed in Sertoli cells that did not exhibit sloughing characteristics, regardless of the post-treatment intervals. The present results suggest that stage specificity of sloughing is due to the stage-specific susceptibility of Sertoli cell microtubules to @entity2050 .

title: Stage-specific effects of the fungicide XXXX on Sertoli cell microtubules in @entity35 testis.

entities_list: @entity9454 :: ('MESH:C006698', 'Chemical') :: ['carbendazim']

answer: @entity9454 :: (MESH:C006698,Chemical) :: ['carbendazim']


abstract: The aim of the present study is to provide a morphological explanation of @entity9454 ( @entity2050 )-induced sloughing of germ cells that occurs in a stage-specific manner. Therefore, very early alterations in the seminiferous tubule epithelium were examined histologically in the @entity35 testis after oral administration of @entity2050 (400mg/kg). Gaps between the elongated and round spermatids, the first indication of germ cell sloughing (pre-sloughing), were observed in stage late VI-early VII seminiferous tubules at 90-min post-treatment. Tubulin immunoreaction in the Sertoli cells was reduced in intensity in tubules with pre-sloughing. However, electron microscopy demonstrated that there were some intact microtubules in these cells. At 120 min, sloughing was seen in stage late VI-early VII and XIII-XIV. Tubulin immunoreaction in the Sertoli cells was greatly decreased in intensity in tubules where cell sloughing was observed. Electron microscopy showed that there were few microtubules in the body region of these cells. Stages II-V and mid-VII-VIII were exempt from the sloughing effect at 180 min. These changes in microtubules were not observed in Sertoli cells that did not exhibit sloughing characteristics, regardless of the post-treatment intervals. The present results suggest that stage specificity of sloughing is due to the stage-specific susceptibility of Sertoli cell microtubules to @entity2050 .

title: Stage-specific effects of the fungicide @entity9454 on Sertoli cell microtubules in XXXX testis.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cyclical intravenous @entity5520 therapy is widely used to treat @entity1 with @entity6926 ( @entity6926 ), but little is known about long-term treatment outcomes. We therefore reviewed 37 @entity1 with @entity6926 ( @entity6926 type I, n   =   1; @entity6926 type III, n   =   14; and @entity6926 type IV, n   =   22) who started intravenous @entity5520 therapy before 5 years of age (median 2.2 years; range, 0.1 to 4.8 years), and who had a subsequent follow-up period of at least 10 years (median 14.8 years; range, 10.7 to 18.2 years), during which they had received intravenous @entity5520 treatment ( @entity5279 or @entity4381 ) for at least 6 years. During the observation period, the mean lumbar spine areal bone mineral density Z-score increased from -6.6 (SD 3.1) to -3.0 (SD 1.8), and weight Z-score increased from -2.3 (SD 1.5) to -1.7 (SD 1.7) (p   <   0.001 and p   =   0.008). At the time of the last assessment, @entity1 with @entity6926 type IV had significantly higher height Z-scores than a control group of @entity1 matched for age, gender, and @entity6926 type who had not received @entity171 . @entity1 had a median of six femur @entity174 (range, 0 to 18) and five tibia @entity174 (range, 0 to 17) during the follow-up period. At baseline, 35% of vertebra were affected by @entity3814 , whereas only 6% of vertebra appeared compressed at the last evaluation (p   <   0.001), indicating vertebral reshaping during growth. Spinal fusion surgery was performed in 16 @entity1 (43%). Among the 21 @entity1 who did not have spinal fusion surgery, 13 had @entity1635 with a curvature ranging from 10 to 56 degrees. In conclusion, long-term intravenous @entity5520 therapy was associated with higher Z-scores for lumbar spine areal bone mineral density and vertebral reshaping, but long-bone @entity174 rates were still high and the majority of @entity1 developed @entity1635 .    2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

title: Intravenous XXXX Therapy of Young @entity1 With Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Skeletal Findings During Follow Up Throughout the Growing Years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta', 'OI']

answer: @entity5520 :: (D004164,Chemical) :: ['Bisphosphonate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cyclical intravenous @entity5520 therapy is widely used to treat @entity1 with @entity6926 ( @entity6926 ), but little is known about long-term treatment outcomes. We therefore reviewed 37 @entity1 with @entity6926 ( @entity6926 type I, n   =   1; @entity6926 type III, n   =   14; and @entity6926 type IV, n   =   22) who started intravenous @entity5520 therapy before 5 years of age (median 2.2 years; range, 0.1 to 4.8 years), and who had a subsequent follow-up period of at least 10 years (median 14.8 years; range, 10.7 to 18.2 years), during which they had received intravenous @entity5520 treatment ( @entity5279 or @entity4381 ) for at least 6 years. During the observation period, the mean lumbar spine areal bone mineral density Z-score increased from -6.6 (SD 3.1) to -3.0 (SD 1.8), and weight Z-score increased from -2.3 (SD 1.5) to -1.7 (SD 1.7) (p   <   0.001 and p   =   0.008). At the time of the last assessment, @entity1 with @entity6926 type IV had significantly higher height Z-scores than a control group of @entity1 matched for age, gender, and @entity6926 type who had not received @entity171 . @entity1 had a median of six femur @entity174 (range, 0 to 18) and five tibia @entity174 (range, 0 to 17) during the follow-up period. At baseline, 35% of vertebra were affected by @entity3814 , whereas only 6% of vertebra appeared compressed at the last evaluation (p   <   0.001), indicating vertebral reshaping during growth. Spinal fusion surgery was performed in 16 @entity1 (43%). Among the 21 @entity1 who did not have spinal fusion surgery, 13 had @entity1635 with a curvature ranging from 10 to 56 degrees. In conclusion, long-term intravenous @entity5520 therapy was associated with higher Z-scores for lumbar spine areal bone mineral density and vertebral reshaping, but long-bone @entity174 rates were still high and the majority of @entity1 developed @entity1635 .    2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

title: Intravenous @entity5520 Therapy of Young XXXX With Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Skeletal Findings During Follow Up Throughout the Growing Years.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: AIM: This study explored the incidence and aetiology of @entity281 after @entity1 received the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and a risk-based intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis against early onset @entity295 caused by group B @entity328 . We also monitored clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance. METHOD: We studied 3986 positive blood cultures from @entity1 up to 17  years of age at a paediatric hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, using data from medical records before and after the initiatives, to reduce early onset @entity295 , were introduced in 2007 and 2008. RESULTS: Bloodstream infections caused by @entity328 declined by 42% overall (5.6 to 3.2/100  000) and by 62% in previously healthy @entity1 under 36  months of age (24.2 to 9.2/100  000). Early onset @entity295 caused by group B @entity328 declined by 60% (0.5 to 0.2/1000 live born @entity1 ). @entity4008 caused by these bacteria decreased by 70%. @entity794 and various Gram-negative bacteria became the dominant pathogens, in both previously healthy @entity1 and those with underlying disease. Overall, antimicrobial resistance remained low between the two 5-year study periods. CONCLUSION: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and risk-based intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis against group B @entity328 effectively decreased the incidence of @entity281 . Empirical antibiotic therapy should target @entity794 in  both community and hospital-acquired invasive @entity2348 .

title: The aetiology of paediatric @entity281 changes after pneumococcal vaccination and group B XXXX prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infections']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'streptococcus']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['streptococcus']


abstract: AIM: This study explored the incidence and aetiology of @entity281 after @entity1 received the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and a risk-based intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis against early onset @entity295 caused by group B @entity328 . We also monitored clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance. METHOD: We studied 3986 positive blood cultures from @entity1 up to 17  years of age at a paediatric hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, using data from medical records before and after the initiatives, to reduce early onset @entity295 , were introduced in 2007 and 2008. RESULTS: Bloodstream infections caused by @entity328 declined by 42% overall (5.6 to 3.2/100  000) and by 62% in previously healthy @entity1 under 36  months of age (24.2 to 9.2/100  000). Early onset @entity295 caused by group B @entity328 declined by 60% (0.5 to 0.2/1000 live born @entity1 ). @entity4008 caused by these bacteria decreased by 70%. @entity794 and various Gram-negative bacteria became the dominant pathogens, in both previously healthy @entity1 and those with underlying disease. Overall, antimicrobial resistance remained low between the two 5-year study periods. CONCLUSION: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and risk-based intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis against group B @entity328 effectively decreased the incidence of @entity281 . Empirical antibiotic therapy should target @entity794 in  both community and hospital-acquired invasive @entity2348 .

title: The aetiology of paediatric XXXX changes after pneumococcal vaccination and group B @entity328 prophylaxis.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['bloodstream infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New data suggest that a higher radiation dose will improve outcome in treatment of @entity263 . External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) may on the other hand induce disturbances in the @entity1 's urinary and intestinal function. Since 1997, 195 @entity1 have been treated with a stereotactic boost of 4-8 Gy added to conventional 70 Gy EBRT. Late side effects were prospectively evaluated 3 years after dose-escalated EBRT. METHODS: Urinary and intestinal problems were prospectively evaluated with a validated self-assessment questionnaire, the @entity263 Symptom Scale (PCSS). Two hundred and eighty-seven @entity1 completed the questionnaire at the 1 year follow-up, and 153 at 3 years after treatment. Pre-treatment mean age was 66 years. One hundred and sixty-eight @entity1 were treated with the conformal technique and 195 were treated with the dose-escalated stereotactic BeamCath technique. Mean total dose in the conformal group (< or =70 Gy) was 66 Gy (60.8-70.4 Gy). The dose-escalated group consists of three dose levels, 74 Gy (n = 68), 76 Gy (n = 74), and 78 Gy (n = 53). RESULTS: Analyzing the whole population 3 years after treatment, urgency and starting problems decreased in comparison to pre-treatment. A minor increase in @entity322 was reported 3 years after treatment in comparison to pre-treatment. No increases in other urinary symptoms were reported. Intestinal symptoms were slightly increased during the follow-up period in comparison to pre-treatment. Dose escalation with stereotactic EBRT (74-78 Gy) did not increase gastrointestinal or genitourinary late side effects at 1 year or 3 years in comparison to doses < or =70 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: The stereotactic BeamCath EBRT technique facilitates safe dose escalation of @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: Prospective evaluation of urinary and intestinal side effects after BeamCath stereotactic dose-escalated radiotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between knee @entity2531 . METHODS: The case-control study was conducted at Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from December 2009 to March 2011, and comprised @entity1 with primary complaint of knee @entity158 . A separate group worked as controls. The coincidence of knee @entity2531 were assessed and compared between the two groups SPSS 15 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 170 @entity1 , 90(53%) were in the case group having 20(22.2%) males and 70(77.7%) females, and 80(47%) in the control group having 18(22.5%) males and 62(77.5%) females. The overall mean age was 46.9  8.9 (range: 25-61years). Age and gender difference between two groups was not significant (p>0.05 each). Lifetime prevalence of radicular, chronic and recurrent @entity1643 and its point prevalence in the case group were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05 each). Range of movement of the lower limb and lumbar region in the case group was less than the controls (p<0.05). Local subcutaneous tissue oedema of the lumbar region was more prevalent in the case group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in vertebral column posture between the two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between lumbar and knee @entity2531 should be considered in the assessment and management of @entity1 with knee @entity158 .

title: Association between knee @entity158 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain disorders', 'pain and lumbar disorders']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between knee @entity2531 . METHODS: The case-control study was conducted at Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from December 2009 to March 2011, and comprised @entity1 with primary complaint of knee @entity158 . A separate group worked as controls. The coincidence of knee @entity2531 were assessed and compared between the two groups SPSS 15 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 170 @entity1 , 90(53%) were in the case group having 20(22.2%) males and 70(77.7%) females, and 80(47%) in the control group having 18(22.5%) males and 62(77.5%) females. The overall mean age was 46.9  8.9 (range: 25-61years). Age and gender difference between two groups was not significant (p>0.05 each). Lifetime prevalence of radicular, chronic and recurrent @entity1643 and its point prevalence in the case group were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05 each). Range of movement of the lower limb and lumbar region in the case group was less than the controls (p<0.05). Local subcutaneous tissue oedema of the lumbar region was more prevalent in the case group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in vertebral column posture between the two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between lumbar and knee @entity2531 should be considered in the assessment and management of @entity1 with knee @entity158 .

title: Association between knee XXXX and @entity1643 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Oxidation of biomolecules may play a role in susceptibility to a number of diseases. However, there are few large-scale survey data describing oxidative damage that occurs in @entity1 and the demographic, physical, or nutritional factors that may be associated with it. Such information is essential for the design and analysis of studies investigating the role of oxidative stress in health and disease. This paper presents data on levels of two biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, @entity1234 and F(2)- @entity10329 , in 298 healthy adults aged 19-78 years. The study was conducted in Berkeley and Oakland, California, in 1998-1999. Sex was the strongest predictor of lipid peroxidation as measured by both biomarkers (p < 0.0001); it was stronger than smoking. @entity1851 was positively associated with lipid peroxidation (p = 0.004), as was plasma @entity165 . Plasma @entity620 had a strong inverse relation (p < 0.001) with both biomarkers. Plasma @entity2066 was also associated with F(2)- @entity10329 . Other plasma antioxidants were not associated with lipid peroxidation biomarkers, once @entity620 was included in the multivariate model. Future surveys and epidemiologic studies should measure at least one marker of oxidative damage, as well as plasma @entity620 . These data would permit a better understanding of the role that oxidants and antioxidants play in the health of @entity1 populations.

title: Factors associated with oxidative stress in XXXX populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity10329 :: ('MESH:D028421', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprostanes']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 have extraordinarily high cardiovascular risk and mortality, yet the benefit of statins in this population remains unclear based on the randomized trials. We investigated the prognostic value of statins in a large, pure cohort of prospectively recruited @entity1 with @entity454 awaiting renal transplantation, and being followed up in a dedicated cardiac clinic. We prospectively collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, and pharmacological data on 423 consecutive @entity454 @entity1 on hemodialysis awaiting renal transplantation. Survival analysis was performed as a function of statin therapy. The baseline characteristics were as follows: age 57        11 years, males 64%, @entity6 in 68%, known @entity453 in 30%, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 61        11%. Over a mean follow-up of 2 years, there were 43 deaths. Adjusted for age, gender, @entity101 , body mass index, @entity6 , @entity453 , smoking, and treatment with @entity7774 converting enzyme inhibitor, b blocker, and antiplatelet medications, @entity6817 use was a predictor of lower mortality (hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.11-0.79, p   =   0.01). This beneficial effect of statin was supported by propensity score analysis (p   =   0.02) and was consistent across all clinical subgroups. The benefit of statins seemed to be greater in those with @entity4346 and smoking. Statin therapy in hemodialysis @entity1 awaiting renal transplant is independently associated with better survival supporting its use in this high-risk population.

title: Survival Benefit of Statins in Hemodialysis XXXX Awaiting Renal Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Occult primary @entity0 is uncommon. Most reported series encompass a large periods of time with great variability in diagnostic and treatment approaches. The objective of the present study was to review the recent experience with this type of presentation of @entity0 in the University of Alabama at Birmingham. METHODS: Retrospective review of clinicopathological data of female @entity1 presenting with axillary @entity3 of @entity420 with unknown primary and normal clinical and mammographic breast exam seen at UAB between 1985 and 1998. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were identified. Mean age was 56 years. Sixty per cent were white and postmenopausal. All @entity1 had biopsy proven @entity420 consistent with breast primary. All but one @entity1 underwent an axillary dissection. Nine out of ten @entity1 received some type of local treatment to the breast. Three of them underwent mastectomy and no invasive @entity189 was demonstrated in the surgical specimens. Six @entity1 received radiation therapy to the breast. All @entity1 received chemotherapy. With mean follow-up time of 48 months, two @entity1 developed local recurrence to the axilla and four developed distant @entity3 and eventually died. At last follow-up six @entity1 are alive with no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: In presence of axillary @entity3 from an unknown breast primary, an extensive work-up evaluation is not necessary. An axillary dissection is recommended to provide prognostic indicators as well as local control. A breast conservation approach seems to be feasible without affect the local control and survival.

title: Occult XXXX presenting with axillary lymph node @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Occult primary @entity0 is uncommon. Most reported series encompass a large periods of time with great variability in diagnostic and treatment approaches. The objective of the present study was to review the recent experience with this type of presentation of @entity0 in the University of Alabama at Birmingham. METHODS: Retrospective review of clinicopathological data of female @entity1 presenting with axillary @entity3 of @entity420 with unknown primary and normal clinical and mammographic breast exam seen at UAB between 1985 and 1998. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were identified. Mean age was 56 years. Sixty per cent were white and postmenopausal. All @entity1 had biopsy proven @entity420 consistent with breast primary. All but one @entity1 underwent an axillary dissection. Nine out of ten @entity1 received some type of local treatment to the breast. Three of them underwent mastectomy and no invasive @entity189 was demonstrated in the surgical specimens. Six @entity1 received radiation therapy to the breast. All @entity1 received chemotherapy. With mean follow-up time of 48 months, two @entity1 developed local recurrence to the axilla and four developed distant @entity3 and eventually died. At last follow-up six @entity1 are alive with no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: In presence of axillary @entity3 from an unknown breast primary, an extensive work-up evaluation is not necessary. An axillary dissection is recommended to provide prognostic indicators as well as local control. A breast conservation approach seems to be feasible without affect the local control and survival.

title: Occult @entity0 presenting with axillary lymph node XXXX .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The present paper aims to analyze therapeutic trends in @entity2023 and their relationships to selected pharmacoeconomic parameters. Health and Disease out- @entity1 records from three out- @entity1 allergologic-immunologic surgeries in the towns of Trenc  n, Nov   Z  mky, and Bratislava were surveyed. The analysis is based on the recorded prescription of drugs prescribed to the @entity1 in the period of his or her "most recent season" in the years 1999-2000. Altogether 279 records (164 females, 115 males) were evaluated. The highest percentage of pollinotics was dispensed in Bratislava (73%) followed by Nov   Z  mky (55%) and Trenc  n (31%). In all three out- @entity1 surgeries, the dominant therapy was a combination of @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ) and @entity34 ( @entity34 , 70-75%). Average costs for one day of treatment of @entity2023 in the out- @entity1 surgeries under study did not significantly differ (22.20-24.50 Sk, the average value of the daily defined dose being 23.20 Sk). Due to confused kept records, the economic analysis did not take into account the financial costs connected with @entity6542 . The present analysis shows a positive state in the field of diagnostics, connected with improved identification of the inducing allergen and application of causal therapy based on @entity6542 (72%). Approximately one third of @entity1 (27%) received only solo medicamentous therapy without application of @entity6542 , and the @entity6542 therapy alone was received by less than 2% of @entity1 (1.4%).

title: [Treatment of XXXX in clinical practice and its pharmacoeconomic aspects].

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific immunotherapy', 'SIT']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['antihistanime treatment', 'AH']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: @entity5426 are rare malignant @entity5 of endothelial origin that occur predominantly in the adult population. To date, only 12 cases have been described after renal transplantation. We review the literature and present an additional case of a 59-year-old @entity1 in whom lower-extremity lesions of cutaneous @entity5426 developed several years after transplantation. Of the 13 @entity1 , clinical details were available in only 12 cases. There were 10 male and 2 female @entity1 . The mean age at diagnosis was 47.6 years (age range, 28-71 years). Almost all @entity1 were on a combination immunosuppressive regimen, and the interval between transplantation and the development of the @entity5 was variable in the range of 8 months to 12 years. In five @entity1 , the @entity5 arose within or adjacent to an arteriovenous fistula site. Cutaneous involvement was observed in only four cases. The histologic spectrum consisted of both well-differentiated and poorly differentiated @entity5 . In one @entity1 , features of the @entity9058 were clinically present and the @entity5 morphologically displayed prominent erythrophagocytosis. In two of the cases, including the @entity1 described in the current report, polymerase chain reaction was performed on lesional tissue for @entity16102 and the result was negative for the presence of viral DNA. Despite the use of multimodal aggressive therapy in most @entity1 , @entity204 as a result of disease dissemination occurred over variable time periods (range, 1-15 months).

title: XXXX in a chronically immunosuppressed renal transplant recipient: report of a case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'Angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity16102 :: ('37296', 'Species') :: ['human herpesvirus-8']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcoma']


abstract: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and @entity73 are frequent causes of hospitalization in elderly @entity1 . Independently, both clinical syndromes are associated with increased mortality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of @entity73 on in-hospital mortality in old @entity1 with @entity712 . A modified Mini-Mental State Exam (MMMSE) was performed in 598 consecutive @entity1 (65-102 years old; 355 female) with @entity712 . All @entity1 were stratified into low (6.3 +/- 1.2 points), medium (19.7 +/- 4.7 points) or high (29.1 +/- 2.1 points) tertile group according to MMMSE results. Total in-hospital mortality was 52.0% in the lowest, 34.2% in the medium and 15.1% in the highest tertile (Pearson Chi-square p < 0.0001 for trend). The comparison of in-hospital mortality between tertiles of MMMSE was done with the use of logistic regression adjusted to age, sex, and the presence of @entity6 , @entity177 and @entity417 . Comparison of in-hospital mortality between @entity1 from the lowest tertile of MMSE with the highest one revealed that odds ratio was 5.93 (95% CI: 3.58-9.80; p < 0.0001) whereas it was 2.67 (95% CI: 1.60-4.67; p = 0.0002) for @entity1 from the medium tertile. The obtained results show that the worse cognitive function is, the worse in-hospital prognosis can be observed in older @entity1 with @entity712 . Moreover, it also suggests that @entity73 may be an independent risk factor for mortality in elderly @entity712 @entity1 .

title: [Impaired cognitive function as an independent risk factor for the in-hospital mortality in the elderly with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1002 is described as distinct area of the left ventricular wall with systolic @entity910 where typical @entity296 is replaced with fibrous tissue. Transmural @entity1188 following occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery is the most common cause of formation of the @entity1002 . CASE REPORT: A 51-year old white male, with the history of inferolateral wall @entity583 6 years ago was admitted to the emergency department at the local hospital last year because of @entity1164 due to @entity2224 in the course of @entity583 . Later on the @entity1 did not come back to work, felt very weak and had @entity1353 on mild exertion. Coronary angiogram performed one year later (the @entity1 refused coronary angiography examination at the time of @entity583 ) showed normal coronary arteries with a recessive right coronary artery. The left coronary artery was wide with normal contrast flow. Ventriculography showed large, true @entity439 with @entity715 in the apical segment of the left ventricular wall. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 30%. @entity1 was qualified for the aneurysmectomy. A large @entity439 (8 cm) of the apical and anterolateral segment of the left ventricular wall was detected intraoperatively. A fresh @entity715 weighing 9 g was evacuated from the inside of the @entity439 . Stoney's aneurysmectomy was performed. Histopathology showed a typical picture of scar tissue without signs of active @entity32 . CONCLUSION: Normal coronary angiogram does not exclude development of large true @entity439 of left ventricular wall of typical localization for acute occlusion of left anterior descendent artery.

title: XXXX without coronary artery occlusion--a case study.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial structure']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'dyskinetic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'inferolateral myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['mural thrombus', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm', 'Left ventricular true aneurysm']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['Left ventricular true aneurysm']


abstract: Little is known about how psychotropic drugs influence thyroid function in @entity1 , but it has been reported that @entity3756 decreases the efficacy of @entity1955 in @entity1 treated for @entity1375 . Most psychotropic drugs are metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450. @entity3756 is metabolized by cytochrome P450 @entity5320 , @entity5322 , and @entity4433 . @entity5079 is metabolized by @entity5320 , and to some extent also by @entity5322 . Since both substances, at least in part, are metabolized by the same liver enzymes, drug interactions can be expected. In this article we describe such a possible interaction between @entity3756 and @entity5079 in a @entity1 treated with @entity1955 for @entity1375 ( @entity2621 ). She displayed both clinical symptoms and laboratory data typical of @entity1375 when long-term antidepressive @entity3756 therapy (100 mg/day) was transiently supplemented with @entity5079 (30 mg/day). All symptoms and signs of @entity1375 disappeared completely when the @entity5079 treatment was discontinued. These findings imply that unexpected drug effects may occur in @entity308 @entity1 with @entity1375 if they are treated with both @entity3756 and @entity5079 . In such situations thyroid function should be checked carefully.

title: [Metabolic interaction between psychopharmaceuticals. Probable cause of exacerbation of XXXX according to a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5079 :: ('MESH:D008803', 'Chemical') :: ['mianserin', 'Mianserin']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['Sertraline', 'sertraline']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although pulmonary recurrence is frequent among the extrahepatic recurrences after hepatectomy, the efficacy of surgical treatment for pulmonary recurrence after hepatectomy has not been confirmed. Surgical resection of pulmonary recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal @entity3 was reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the survival benefit. METHODOLOGY: From 1990 to 1995, 10 of the 17 @entity1 with pulmonary recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal @entity3 underwent surgical treatment. Ten @entity1 underwent resection of pulmonary recurrence. RESULTS: Operative mortality was 0%, and a postoperative complication was observed in 1 @entity1 after pulmonary metastasectomy. The overall 5-year survival rate after pulmonary metastasectomy was 10.0%, and the median survival was 21.7 (range: 2.4-77.9) months. One @entity1 underwent resection two times for remnant lung recurrence after first lung metastasectomy, and is alive with no evidence of recurrence 77.9 months after the first pulmonary resection, and 50.7 months after the third pulmonary resection. In 3 @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity420 , the median survival time was 6.2 months (range: 2.4-9.7). The other hands, 7 @entity1 with moderately differentiated @entity420 have a longer median survival time of 29.2 months (range: 16.0-77.9). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary metastasectomy after hepatectomy for @entity3 from @entity14 is a safe treatment, and might offer prolonged survival for highly selected @entity1 .

title: Surgical treatment of pulmonary recurrence after hepatectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1725 is a rare @entity5 with intra-abdominal gelatinous, jelly-like fluid accumulation. To assess the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and predictors of survival of @entity1725 in Chinese @entity1 , we conducted this study. METHODOLOGY: Over a 27-year period, 15 @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity1725 were enrolled. Their demographic, clinical, treatment and survival data were collected. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were female and eight were male. The median age at diagnosis was 48 years old for 7 females and 66 years old for 8 males. Exploratory laparotomy and debulking surgery were performed for 11 @entity1 (73%); 6 of these 11 @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Among 4 @entity1 without surgical treatment, 1 received chemotherapy and 3 had supportive treatment only. The 5-year survival for all @entity1 and @entity1 with surgical treatment were 39% and 62%, respectively. @entity1 with surgical intervention had longer survival (median, 125 months) than those without surgical treatment (median, 8 months) (P = 0.0106). However, adjuvant chemotherapy did not further prolong the survival time (P = 0.744). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical intervention rather than adjuvant chemotherapy appears to provide a longer survival for @entity1 with @entity1725 .

title: Clinical experience of XXXX in Taiwan with emphasis on the treatment and survival.

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei', 'Pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

answer: @entity1725 :: (MESH:D011553,Disease) :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']


abstract: @entity4207 , social intelligence, and self-concept were related to each other and to bully-victim problems among fifth-grade @entity1 (79 @entity1 and 62 @entity1 , aged 11-12 years). In addition to exploring connections between single variables, a @entity1 -oriented approach was applied in order to analyze @entity1 's value patterns with respect to learning skills, self-concept, and social intelligence, and how these value patterns are related to bully-victim problems. Social intelligence was found to be positively correlated with learning skills, but negatively related to victimization. Bullying was positively correlated with self-concept scores. However, this was true only of @entity1 . According to cross-tabulations, there were significantly more bullies among @entity1 with learning difficulties (LD) than would have been expected by chance. Victimization, on the other hand, was not related to LD. LD @entity1 's proposed victim status was in some degree supported by cluster analysis: a group of LD @entity1 emerged, who not only scored high on bullying, but also tended to be victimized by others. In addition, two groups of bullies appeared: one whose members could be interpreted as socially unskilled and another as socially skilled. This finding is in line with recent theoretical reasoning, which calls into question the idea of bullies as a unified group, lacking in social skills.

title: XXXX , social intelligence, and self-concept: connections to bully-victim problems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'person', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Learning skills']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['Learning difficulties']


abstract: @entity882 is a known adverse reaction occurring in some @entity1 receiving heparin. Two different types of heparin-induced @entity882 have been described. Heparin-induced @entity64335 is a mild @entity882 after 1 to 4 days of heparin therapy, attributed to a direct interaction between heparin and circulating platelets. No specific treatment is necessary. Heparin-induced @entity882 is a severe @entity882 mediated by an immunologic mechanism. @entity1605 generally develops after 5 to 10 days of heparin therapy and can be associated with potentially devastating @entity1031 . The incidence of heparin-induced @entity882 is below 3%. @entity1031 events are always accompanied by a decrease in the platelet count, however, complications in the absence of absolute @entity882 have been reported. Diagnosis of HIT type II is based on clinical features and laboratory studies for the heparin-dependent platelet antibody. Immediate cessation of heparin administration is essential. Several alternative anticoagulant therapies have been studied and have shown promising results when used for this purpose. Two @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery are presented in whom @entity1151 developed due to heparin-induced @entity882 . In both cases, platelet counts were within the subnormal range at the time of the first @entity1031 . The clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic implications are discussed.

title: Lethal heparin-associated XXXX --case reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia type II', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity64335 :: ('MESH:C564052', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia type I']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic complications', 'thromboembolic complication']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: The present investigation is a study of occult gastrointestinal @entity190 in 20 anaemic postgastrectomy @entity1 and 14 control subjects. One @entity1 in the postgastrectomy group was found to be bleeding from undetected haemorrhoids. One @entity1 in each group showed sensitivity to @entity117 with greatly increased occult @entity190 . The mean @entity190 in 18 postgastrectomy @entity1 with unexplained @entity417 was 0.6 +/- 0.5 ml/day compared with 0.5 +/- 0.5 ml/day in 13 control subjects. Only two of the 19 anaemic postgastrectomy @entity1 studied lost more than 2 ml blood/day. @entity117 @entity190 in 18 postgastrectomy @entity1 was 2.4 +/- 2.1 ml/day, compared with 2.6 +/- 2.7 ml/day in 13 controls. The pattern of @entity117 @entity190 is identical in both groups. All gastric biopsies obtained from nine @entity1 with Polya gastrectomies showed changes of @entity3621 ; some showed @entity356 and @entity1944 . Occult @entity360 is not an important factor in the pathogenesis of @entity417 after partial gastrectomy unless there is either stomal ulceration or a lesion completely unrelated to the partial gastrectomy. If @entity548 is present after partial gastrectomy a careful search for the site of bleeding is indicated. Excessive intake of @entity117 or increased sensitivity to @entity117 was not shown to be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of the @entity417 in this group of @entity1 . However, because of the inability to augment @entity68 absorption to compensate for @entity190 , it would be inadvisable for the @entity1 with a partial gastrectomy to take a high dosage of @entity117 for long periods of time, unless @entity117 -induced @entity190 is measured and shown to be very low. @entity117 administered in low dosage is not contraindicated after partial gastrectomy.

title: Role of occult @entity190 in XXXX after partial gastrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['occult bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['complete gastric atrophy']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemia']


abstract: The present investigation is a study of occult gastrointestinal @entity190 in 20 anaemic postgastrectomy @entity1 and 14 control subjects. One @entity1 in the postgastrectomy group was found to be bleeding from undetected haemorrhoids. One @entity1 in each group showed sensitivity to @entity117 with greatly increased occult @entity190 . The mean @entity190 in 18 postgastrectomy @entity1 with unexplained @entity417 was 0.6 +/- 0.5 ml/day compared with 0.5 +/- 0.5 ml/day in 13 control subjects. Only two of the 19 anaemic postgastrectomy @entity1 studied lost more than 2 ml blood/day. @entity117 @entity190 in 18 postgastrectomy @entity1 was 2.4 +/- 2.1 ml/day, compared with 2.6 +/- 2.7 ml/day in 13 controls. The pattern of @entity117 @entity190 is identical in both groups. All gastric biopsies obtained from nine @entity1 with Polya gastrectomies showed changes of @entity3621 ; some showed @entity356 and @entity1944 . Occult @entity360 is not an important factor in the pathogenesis of @entity417 after partial gastrectomy unless there is either stomal ulceration or a lesion completely unrelated to the partial gastrectomy. If @entity548 is present after partial gastrectomy a careful search for the site of bleeding is indicated. Excessive intake of @entity117 or increased sensitivity to @entity117 was not shown to be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of the @entity417 in this group of @entity1 . However, because of the inability to augment @entity68 absorption to compensate for @entity190 , it would be inadvisable for the @entity1 with a partial gastrectomy to take a high dosage of @entity117 for long periods of time, unless @entity117 -induced @entity190 is measured and shown to be very low. @entity117 administered in low dosage is not contraindicated after partial gastrectomy.

title: Role of occult XXXX in @entity417 after partial gastrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: 21 elbows in 18 @entity1 with @entity309 were treated with a Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis. 18 elbows were included in a radiostereometry (RSA) study. The aim of this clinical RSA study was to assess the three-dimensional micromotion pattern of the Souter-Strathclyde prosthesis, and thereby gain insight in the @entity1349 process of this prosthesis. Implants were defined as at risk of @entity1349 when the translation rate during the second postoperative year was more than 0.4 mm along one or more coordinate axes and/or the rate of rotation was more than 1 degrees about one or more coordinate axes. Clinical examination revealed an increase in the range of motion and a marked @entity158 . The RSA showed that 8 of 18 humeral components were at risk of @entity1349 , although no signs of such loosening-defined as a complete radiolucent line of 2 mm or more-were found on the plain radiographs. In 7 humeral components, an anterior tilt about the transverse @entity2270 was seen that resulted in an anterior translation of the proximal tip and a posterior translation of the component's trochlea. Long-term studies of the Souter-Strathclyde prosthesis, have shown that this rotation is a specific pattern of failure in some implants. None of the ulnar components was at risk for @entity1349 . Improvements in fixation of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow arthroplasty should focus on the humeral component. At present, the lateral flange of the implant is enlarged to improve rotational stability about the transverse and longitudinal axes. The effect of this change in design on micromotion of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis will be studied in a randomized RSA study comparing the new design to the existing one.

title: Micromotion of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis in @entity1 with XXXX 21 elbows followed for 2 years.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: 21 elbows in 18 @entity1 with @entity309 were treated with a Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis. 18 elbows were included in a radiostereometry (RSA) study. The aim of this clinical RSA study was to assess the three-dimensional micromotion pattern of the Souter-Strathclyde prosthesis, and thereby gain insight in the @entity1349 process of this prosthesis. Implants were defined as at risk of @entity1349 when the translation rate during the second postoperative year was more than 0.4 mm along one or more coordinate axes and/or the rate of rotation was more than 1 degrees about one or more coordinate axes. Clinical examination revealed an increase in the range of motion and a marked @entity158 . The RSA showed that 8 of 18 humeral components were at risk of @entity1349 , although no signs of such loosening-defined as a complete radiolucent line of 2 mm or more-were found on the plain radiographs. In 7 humeral components, an anterior tilt about the transverse @entity2270 was seen that resulted in an anterior translation of the proximal tip and a posterior translation of the component's trochlea. Long-term studies of the Souter-Strathclyde prosthesis, have shown that this rotation is a specific pattern of failure in some implants. None of the ulnar components was at risk for @entity1349 . Improvements in fixation of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow arthroplasty should focus on the humeral component. At present, the lateral flange of the implant is enlarged to improve rotational stability about the transverse and longitudinal axes. The effect of this change in design on micromotion of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis will be studied in a randomized RSA study comparing the new design to the existing one.

title: Micromotion of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis in XXXX with @entity309 21 elbows followed for 2 years.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity901 , a third-generation @entity902 analogue, is a novel compound with proven anti- @entity5 activity in @entity14 . Moreover, @entity901 appears to be relatively well tolerated and easy to handle, even on an outpatient basis. @entity1 AND METHODS: Five advanced @entity14 @entity1 treated with @entity901 -based chemotherapy developed, after the end of @entity901 infusion, similar idiosyncratic reactions characterized by chills, high fever, @entity551 , @entity490 , @entity390 and often @entity294 . Venous blood for @entity650 and @entity310 assessment was drawn just after the beginning of the reaction and 15 and 30 minutes later. After drawing the third venous sample, intravenous @entity619 (8 mg) was administered and the drawing of other two venous samples was performed (180 and 360 minutes after the beginning of the reaction). RESULTS: @entity310 and @entity650 serum concentrations significantly decreased after @entity134 therapy administration. The decrease of @entity310 and @entity650 levels went along with the clinical complete regression of symptoms and signs in all the 5 @entity1 . No statistically significant correlation was found between other laboratory parameters and basal cytokine levels or cytokine decrease after @entity134 therapy. DISCUSSION: Our results clearly show that that idiosyncratic reaction observed in @entity14 @entity1 after @entity901 infusion may be due to a massive release of cytokines such as @entity310 and @entity650 . Symptom regression following @entity134 therapy administration went along with significant decrease of cytokines levels, confirming that @entity310 and @entity650 play a role in the pathogenesis of this reaction.

title: XXXX may induce cytokine-release syndrome in @entity14 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['Oxaliplatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity901 , a third-generation @entity902 analogue, is a novel compound with proven anti- @entity5 activity in @entity14 . Moreover, @entity901 appears to be relatively well tolerated and easy to handle, even on an outpatient basis. @entity1 AND METHODS: Five advanced @entity14 @entity1 treated with @entity901 -based chemotherapy developed, after the end of @entity901 infusion, similar idiosyncratic reactions characterized by chills, high fever, @entity551 , @entity490 , @entity390 and often @entity294 . Venous blood for @entity650 and @entity310 assessment was drawn just after the beginning of the reaction and 15 and 30 minutes later. After drawing the third venous sample, intravenous @entity619 (8 mg) was administered and the drawing of other two venous samples was performed (180 and 360 minutes after the beginning of the reaction). RESULTS: @entity310 and @entity650 serum concentrations significantly decreased after @entity134 therapy administration. The decrease of @entity310 and @entity650 levels went along with the clinical complete regression of symptoms and signs in all the 5 @entity1 . No statistically significant correlation was found between other laboratory parameters and basal cytokine levels or cytokine decrease after @entity134 therapy. DISCUSSION: Our results clearly show that that idiosyncratic reaction observed in @entity14 @entity1 after @entity901 infusion may be due to a massive release of cytokines such as @entity310 and @entity650 . Symptom regression following @entity134 therapy administration went along with significant decrease of cytokines levels, confirming that @entity310 and @entity650 play a role in the pathogenesis of this reaction.

title: @entity901 may induce cytokine-release syndrome in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity901 , a third-generation @entity902 analogue, is a novel compound with proven anti- @entity5 activity in @entity14 . Moreover, @entity901 appears to be relatively well tolerated and easy to handle, even on an outpatient basis. @entity1 AND METHODS: Five advanced @entity14 @entity1 treated with @entity901 -based chemotherapy developed, after the end of @entity901 infusion, similar idiosyncratic reactions characterized by chills, high fever, @entity551 , @entity490 , @entity390 and often @entity294 . Venous blood for @entity650 and @entity310 assessment was drawn just after the beginning of the reaction and 15 and 30 minutes later. After drawing the third venous sample, intravenous @entity619 (8 mg) was administered and the drawing of other two venous samples was performed (180 and 360 minutes after the beginning of the reaction). RESULTS: @entity310 and @entity650 serum concentrations significantly decreased after @entity134 therapy administration. The decrease of @entity310 and @entity650 levels went along with the clinical complete regression of symptoms and signs in all the 5 @entity1 . No statistically significant correlation was found between other laboratory parameters and basal cytokine levels or cytokine decrease after @entity134 therapy. DISCUSSION: Our results clearly show that that idiosyncratic reaction observed in @entity14 @entity1 after @entity901 infusion may be due to a massive release of cytokines such as @entity310 and @entity650 . Symptom regression following @entity134 therapy administration went along with significant decrease of cytokines levels, confirming that @entity310 and @entity650 play a role in the pathogenesis of this reaction.

title: @entity901 may induce cytokine-release syndrome in @entity14 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Parallel changes associated with aging found in the vasculature and skin at necropsy, have prompted small preliminary studies to assess the relation between skin tissue @entity165 (SkinTc) and @entity65 . While these studies have been suggestive, no formal investigation is available to test this association. It would, therefore, be valuable to determine whether a relation between SkinTc and angiographic narrowing actually exists, the latter representing one accepted measurement of @entity453 . METHODS: @entity1 at three hospitals undergoing coronary angiography and not on lipid altering agents (n = 649) were examined for skinTc using a non-invasive method. Vessels were evaluated manually (number with @entity850 > or = 50%). Clinical characteristics, current medication use, and Framingham global risk score were recorded. RESULTS: SkinTc was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity66 (124 +/- 30 vs. 118 +/- 30, P = 0.02). After adjustment for traditional @entity453 risk factors, SkinTc provided 7% additional risk (per 10 SkinTc units) for @entity66 . CONCLUSION: SkinTc, measured with a non-invasive method, is associated with the presence of @entity453 as determined by catheterization. Such an assay may eventually help stratify @entity1 risk and target prevention efforts.

title: Skin tissue @entity165 (SkinTc) is related to angiographically-defined XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: Parallel changes associated with aging found in the vasculature and skin at necropsy, have prompted small preliminary studies to assess the relation between skin tissue @entity165 (SkinTc) and @entity65 . While these studies have been suggestive, no formal investigation is available to test this association. It would, therefore, be valuable to determine whether a relation between SkinTc and angiographic narrowing actually exists, the latter representing one accepted measurement of @entity453 . METHODS: @entity1 at three hospitals undergoing coronary angiography and not on lipid altering agents (n = 649) were examined for skinTc using a non-invasive method. Vessels were evaluated manually (number with @entity850 > or = 50%). Clinical characteristics, current medication use, and Framingham global risk score were recorded. RESULTS: SkinTc was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity66 (124 +/- 30 vs. 118 +/- 30, P = 0.02). After adjustment for traditional @entity453 risk factors, SkinTc provided 7% additional risk (per 10 SkinTc units) for @entity66 . CONCLUSION: SkinTc, measured with a non-invasive method, is associated with the presence of @entity453 as determined by catheterization. Such an assay may eventually help stratify @entity1 risk and target prevention efforts.

title: Skin tissue XXXX (SkinTc) is related to angiographically-defined @entity65 .

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In models of @entity101 and of @entity177 , pharmacological blockade of the ET(A) receptor has been shown to cause some inconsistent lowering of blood pressure (BP) and lesser @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ). The effects of ET(A) receptor blockade (ET(A)-RB) on vascular remodeling and their potential relation to BP lowering, have not been clarified. DESIGN: The experimental study in male @entity35 was designed to compare four experimental groups: (1) sham-operated controls (sham); (2) untreated @entity35 with one-clip-two-kidney (1C-2K) renovascular @entity101 ; (3) 1C-2K @entity35 treated with the @entity1811 inhibitor ( @entity1811 -i) trandolapril (0.3 mg/kg b.w./day), and (4) 1C-2K @entity35 treated with the ET(A)-RB @entity32593 (50 mg/kg b.w./day). BP was measured weekly by tail plethysmography. After 3 weeks, animals were sacrificed and cardiac, aortic and mesenteric artery morphology was evaluated using morphometric and stereological techniques. RESULTS: Systolic BP was significantly higher in 1C-2K @entity35 compared to sham. BP was not significantly affected by ET(A)-RB, but was significantly lowered by the @entity1811 -i. Despite no significant change in BP, ET(A)-RB treatment led to a significantly less volume density of the cardiac interstitium (sham 1.40 +/- 0.18, 1C-2K 2.66 +/- 0.56, 1C-2K + @entity1811 -i 1.88 +/- 0.38, 1C-2K + ET(A)-RB 2.15 +/- 0.37%). In contrast, ET(A)-RB had no significant effect on left ventricular/body weight ratio (sham 2.85 +/- 0.26, 1C-2K 2.96 +/- 0.33, 1C-2K + @entity1811 -i 2.54 +/- 0.22 and 1C-2K + ET(A)-RB 3.15 +/- 0.44 mg/g) or on wall thickness of intramyocardial arteries. CONCLUSIONS: The ET(A)-RB @entity32593 ameliorated the development of @entity296 in a short-term hyperreninemic normal salt model of experimental @entity101 nearly as effectively as an @entity1811 -i. This effect of @entity32593 is independent of systemic BP. In contrast to findings in other models, ET(A) receptor blockade had no significant effect on @entity4346 . Only the @entity1811 -i but not the ET(A)-RB prevented structural changes of small intramyocardial arteries and of the aorta.

title: Effect of endothelin blockade on early cardiovascular remodeling in the one-clip-two-kidney XXXX of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH or vascular remodeling', 'left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In models of @entity101 and of @entity177 , pharmacological blockade of the ET(A) receptor has been shown to cause some inconsistent lowering of blood pressure (BP) and lesser @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ). The effects of ET(A) receptor blockade (ET(A)-RB) on vascular remodeling and their potential relation to BP lowering, have not been clarified. DESIGN: The experimental study in male @entity35 was designed to compare four experimental groups: (1) sham-operated controls (sham); (2) untreated @entity35 with one-clip-two-kidney (1C-2K) renovascular @entity101 ; (3) 1C-2K @entity35 treated with the @entity1811 inhibitor ( @entity1811 -i) trandolapril (0.3 mg/kg b.w./day), and (4) 1C-2K @entity35 treated with the ET(A)-RB @entity32593 (50 mg/kg b.w./day). BP was measured weekly by tail plethysmography. After 3 weeks, animals were sacrificed and cardiac, aortic and mesenteric artery morphology was evaluated using morphometric and stereological techniques. RESULTS: Systolic BP was significantly higher in 1C-2K @entity35 compared to sham. BP was not significantly affected by ET(A)-RB, but was significantly lowered by the @entity1811 -i. Despite no significant change in BP, ET(A)-RB treatment led to a significantly less volume density of the cardiac interstitium (sham 1.40 +/- 0.18, 1C-2K 2.66 +/- 0.56, 1C-2K + @entity1811 -i 1.88 +/- 0.38, 1C-2K + ET(A)-RB 2.15 +/- 0.37%). In contrast, ET(A)-RB had no significant effect on left ventricular/body weight ratio (sham 2.85 +/- 0.26, 1C-2K 2.96 +/- 0.33, 1C-2K + @entity1811 -i 2.54 +/- 0.22 and 1C-2K + ET(A)-RB 3.15 +/- 0.44 mg/g) or on wall thickness of intramyocardial arteries. CONCLUSIONS: The ET(A)-RB @entity32593 ameliorated the development of @entity296 in a short-term hyperreninemic normal salt model of experimental @entity101 nearly as effectively as an @entity1811 -i. This effect of @entity32593 is independent of systemic BP. In contrast to findings in other models, ET(A) receptor blockade had no significant effect on @entity4346 . Only the @entity1811 -i but not the ET(A)-RB prevented structural changes of small intramyocardial arteries and of the aorta.

title: Effect of endothelin blockade on early cardiovascular remodeling in the one-clip-two-kidney @entity101 of the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Although hemodynamic-based functional brain imaging techniques are powerful tools to explore the brain functions noninvasively, hemodynamic-based signal is strongly affected by spatial configuration of microvessels. Understanding the quantitative relations between microvascular structure and functional activity is therefore significant to make a valid signal interpretation for the imaging techniques. In the present study, we evaluated depth profiles of microvascular distributions in @entity35 somatosensory subfields (barrel field, forelimb region, trunk region and hindlimb region) and characterized depth variations in microvascular structures, such as locations, lengths and directions of microvessels, throughout the cortical layers (I-VI). To obtain the accurate microvascular structure, we made a customized casting method by using confocal laser scanning microscope. We observed that microvascular distribution successively varied throughout the cortical layers (I-VI) and that the maximum number density of microvessels was consistently found in @entity2172 (III-V). In addition, superficial layers had relatively long microvessels, almost perpendicular to the cortical surface, whereas @entity2172 had short microvessels propagating in all directions. These regional differences in microvascular structures were closely related to the somatosensory subfields, e.g., barrel field was the greatest number density of microvessels among the investigated subfields. Based on these observations, we compared microvascular profiles with previously reported distribution patterns of tissue partial pressure of @entity26 ( @entity4095 ). The results showed that tissue @entity4095 was correlated with microvascular distribution in some but not all of the subfields. This finding shows that detailed microvascular profiles are helpful to investigate causal relationships between microvascular structure and functional activities in cerebral cortex.

title: Successive depth variations in microvascular distribution of XXXX somatosensory cortex.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle layers']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The use of home @entity26 therapy has become increasingly commonplace and is frequently prescribed by medical specialists. In this study, we have identified a generally unexpected risk of home @entity26 therapy. We performed a retrospective review of 3673 consecutive @entity1 treated at our adult burn center over a 10-year period from 1992 to 2001. We identified 27 @entity1 with burns directly attributable to @entity26 therapy and also noted an increased incidence of these injuries over the study period. The average age of the @entity1 was 68.1 +/- 9.2 years (range, 40-82 years). Twenty-three were using @entity26 at home, three in nursing homes, and one was an inpatient in an acute care facility. Twenty-five @entity1 (93%) were receiving @entity26 therapy for the diagnosis of @entity1030 . Twenty-four @entity1 (89%) were smoking while using @entity26 , two were lighting pilot lights, and one was lighting his wife's cigarette. Four @entity1 (15%) sustained burns greater than 10% TBSA. Seventeen @entity1 (63%) had only partial thickness burns. Thirteen @entity1 (48%) required admission for treatment of their burn injuries. The average length of stay for those admitted was 4.4 days. The average hospital charge for admitted @entity1 was US dollars 8055. There were four @entity204 (15%), all of which were correlated only with the extent of injury. Although intuitively obvious to most health care professionals, not all @entity1 understand that @entity26 therapy and cigarettes or open flame can result in a significant injury. Although some practitioners have advocated not prescribing home @entity26 for those who continue to smoke, an alternative means of reducing the incidence of this preventable complication appears warranted. Prevention efforts should focus on the counseling of @entity1 and their caregivers as well as educating primary care physicians, nurses, and home health providers as to the dangers of @entity26 use.

title: Home XXXX therapy: adjunct or risk factor?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The aim of this study was evaluation of a closure device (Perclose, Menlo Park, @entity2948 .) for closure of the femoral artery access site in @entity1 undergoing aggressive anticoagulation and platelet blockade after carotid stenting. Fifty-five @entity1 who received @entity1397 in addition to @entity117 and heparin as medication for carotid stenting were included for suture of the femoral access site after using 7- or 8-F guide catheters. The technical success, the time for suture, the clotting parameters, and complications were examined. Follow-up investigations, including ultrasound and clinical examinations, were performed. The groin was checked for possible @entity1410 , @entity2849 , @entity2548 , and @entity281 . Technical success was obtained in 51 of 54 @entity1 (94%) after a mean procedure time of 6 min (range 5-10 min). The suture device was not used in one @entity1 (2%) for anatomical reasons and failed to obtain hemostasis in 3 of 54 (6%) @entity1 . In 4 of 54 @entity1 (7%) bleeding was observed at the punctured site 4-6 h after intervention which was treated by a compression bandage. The mean dedicated activated clotting time was 137 s (range 29-287 s) before intervention and 349 s (150-958 s) just before deploying the Perclose device. During follow-up after 2 days (range 2-6 days) and 6 months no further complications of the puncture site were observed except for two large groin @entity1410 . No major complications occurred. Closure of the femoral access site after carotid stenting using a Perclose closure device is safe and effective even in @entity1 receiving an aggressive anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy.

title: Safety and efficacy of the Perclose suture-mediated closure device following carotid artery stenting under XXXX platelet blockade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['local infection']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) causes an exceptionally high prevalence of @entity6 that increases with age, especially in females. The @entity413 tolerance defect is progressive but a @entity5174 -dependent insulin secretory defect cannot be excluded. The age and sex dependence of the secretory defect is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the age and sex dependency of insulin secretory and sensitivity parameters in @entity1577 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis in an observational ongoing cohort (mean follow-up duration 7.5yr). SETTING: @entity1577 Center of Milan. @entity1 : 187 @entity1 aged 8-30yr. INTERVENTION: 3-hour Oral @entity413 Tolerance Tests (OGTT, n=478) with 30-min insulin and @entity2690 sampling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: model-derived insulin secretory and sensitivity parameters. RESULTS: Age was associated to a progressive decrement in insulinemia (at 30min) and a subsequent increment in glycemia (at 60-90min) returning at or below baseline (at 180min). These changes are explained by a progressive reduction in beta-cell sensitivity to @entity413 and a progressive increment in insulin clearance. Fasting and postprandial insulin sensitivity do not seem to be involved. Compared to males, females display higher @entity413 , insulin and @entity2690 responses with greater insulin secretion, beta-cell sensitivity to @entity413 , insulin clearance and @entity1720 . CONCLUSIONS: A defect in beta-cell sensitivity to @entity413 progressively develops with age, but it is not sex specific and does not explain the worse @entity413 tolerance reported in females. In contrast, insulin clearance increases with age, especially in females, contributing to deterioration in @entity413 tolerance. The effects of age and sex should be considered when evaluating OGTT results in @entity1577 @entity1 .

title: Age- and sex-dependent distribution of OGTT-related variables in a population of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'Cystic Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['equal insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['Cystic Fibrosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) causes an exceptionally high prevalence of @entity6 that increases with age, especially in females. The @entity413 tolerance defect is progressive but a @entity5174 -dependent insulin secretory defect cannot be excluded. The age and sex dependence of the secretory defect is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the age and sex dependency of insulin secretory and sensitivity parameters in @entity1577 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis in an observational ongoing cohort (mean follow-up duration 7.5yr). SETTING: @entity1577 Center of Milan. @entity1 : 187 @entity1 aged 8-30yr. INTERVENTION: 3-hour Oral @entity413 Tolerance Tests (OGTT, n=478) with 30-min insulin and @entity2690 sampling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: model-derived insulin secretory and sensitivity parameters. RESULTS: Age was associated to a progressive decrement in insulinemia (at 30min) and a subsequent increment in glycemia (at 60-90min) returning at or below baseline (at 180min). These changes are explained by a progressive reduction in beta-cell sensitivity to @entity413 and a progressive increment in insulin clearance. Fasting and postprandial insulin sensitivity do not seem to be involved. Compared to males, females display higher @entity413 , insulin and @entity2690 responses with greater insulin secretion, beta-cell sensitivity to @entity413 , insulin clearance and @entity1720 . CONCLUSIONS: A defect in beta-cell sensitivity to @entity413 progressively develops with age, but it is not sex specific and does not explain the worse @entity413 tolerance reported in females. In contrast, insulin clearance increases with age, especially in females, contributing to deterioration in @entity413 tolerance. The effects of age and sex should be considered when evaluating OGTT results in @entity1577 @entity1 .

title: Age- and sex-dependent distribution of OGTT-related variables in a population of @entity1577 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Menopausal-related @entity1017 and increased waist circumference have major cardiovascular health implications for older @entity1 . The efficacy of a dietary and physical activity lifestyle intervention to prevent @entity1017 and elevations in @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors from the peri- to postmenopause is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To report the 54-month results of a lifestyle dietary and physical activity program on weight, body composition, physical activity, diet, and other @entity65 risk factors. DESIGN: Data are from a 5-year randomized clinical trial known as the @entity1 's Healthy Lifestyle Project, conducted from 1992 to 1999. @entity1 : 535 healthy, premenopausal @entity1 ages 44 to 50 at study entry enrolled into the trial. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to either a lifestyle intervention group receiving a 5-year behavioral dietary and physical activity program or to an assessment-only control group. The lifestyle intervention group was given modest @entity353 goals (5-15 lb, or approximately 2.3-6.8 kg) to prevent subsequent gain above baseline weight by the end of the trial. To achieve @entity353 and lower low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels, intervention @entity1 followed an eating pattern consisting of 1,300 kcal/day (25% total fat, 7% saturated fat, 100 mg of dietary @entity165 ) and increased their physical activity expenditure (1,000-1,500 kcal/week). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Regarding @entity1017 prevention, 55% (136/246) of intervention @entity1 were at or below baseline weight compared with 26% (68/261) of controls after 4.5 years, chi2(2, N = 507) =45.0, p <.001. The mean weight change in the intervention group was 0.1 kg below baseline (SD = 5.2 kg) compared with an average gain of 2.4 kg (SD = 4.9 kg) observed in the control group. Waist circumference also significantly decreased more in the intervention group compared with controls (M = -2.9 cm, SD = 5.3 vs. M = -0.5 cm, SD = 5.6, p <.001). Moreover, @entity1 in the lifestyle intervention group were consistently more physically active and reported eating fewer calories and less fat than controls. Long-term adherence to physical activity and a low-fat eating pattern was associated with better weight maintenance. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy @entity1 , @entity1017 and increased waist circumference during the peri- to postmenopause can be prevented with a long-term lifestyle dietary and physical activity intervention.

title: Lifestyle intervention can prevent XXXX during menopause: results from a 5-year randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Phospholipase D (PLD; E.C. 3.1.4.4) is widespread in plants where it fulfills diverse functions in growth and in the response to stresses. The enzyme occurs in multiple forms that differ in their biochemical properties. In the present paper PLD from medicinally relevant @entity13344 seeds was purified by @entity141 -mediated hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange chromatography to electrophoretic homogeneity. Based on mass-spectrometric sequence analysis of tryptic protein fragments, oligonucleotide primers for cloning genomic DNA fragments that encoded the enzyme were designed and used to derive the complete @entity3689 sequence of this PLD. The sequence data, as well as the molecular properties (molecular mass of 92.0kDa, pI 5.39, maximum activity at pH 5.5-6.0 and @entity141 ion concentrations    60mM), allowed the assignment of this enzyme to the class of a-type PLDs. The apparent kinetic parameters Vmax and Km, determined for the hydrolysis of @entity2434 (PC) in an aqueous mixed-micellar system were 356  15 molmin(-1)mg(-1) and 1.84  0.17mM, respectively. @entity4613 analogs such as @entity70550 and @entity39377 displayed strong inhibition of the enzyme. @entity1078 had a strong activating effect at 2-10mM @entity15130 . PLD was inactivated at temperatures >45  C. The enzyme exhibited the highest activity toward PC followed by @entity3633 and @entity3634 . PCs with short-chain @entity1718 were better substrates than PCs with long @entity844 chains. Lyso-PC was not accepted as substrate.

title: Purification, sequencing and characterization of phospholipase D from XXXX seeds.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity13344 :: ('3707', 'Species') :: ['Indian mustard']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

answer: @entity13344 :: (3707,Species) :: ['Indian mustard']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate outcomes after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in eyes with @entity726 drainage devices. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 24 cases performed by a single surgeon (S.B.H.) on 20 eyes. Data were gathered on demographics, ocular history, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes. Outcome measures included @entity177 , secondary graft failure, endothelial cell density (ECD), @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ), intraocular pressure, and visual acuity. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 30.3    19.6 months, there was no occurrence of @entity177 , and the rate of secondary graft failure was 29%. Survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, were 87% [95% confidence interval (CI): 65%-96%], 80% (95% CI: 55%-92%), and 70% (95% CI: 39%-88%). Compared with ECD of the donor lenticule, endothelial cell loss was 49    16% (n = 21) at postoperative month 3, 59    16% (n = 20) at month 6, 61    20% (n = 16) at month 12, and stabilized at 75    17% (n = 9) by month 18. Compared with @entity2840 during the visit before surgery, @entity2840 decreased to 83    18% (n = 18) at postoperative month 3 and gradually increased to 95    11% (n = 6) at month 24. There were 4 (17%) cases of intraocular pressure elevation above 25 mm Hg. Improved visual acuity occurred in 71% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in eyes with @entity3279 secondary to @entity409 in the presence of a previous @entity726 drainage device is a successful procedure. However, intermediate term endothelial cell loss is significant, as is the graft failure rate.

title: Outcomes After Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['primary graft failure']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma Drainage Devices']