abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity130 with partial or complete disruption of urethral integrity can lead to voiding problems and serious infections. We report a new management technique involving immediate endoscopic realignment with drainage via peel-away sheath for post-traumatic bulbar @entity397 . METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 presenting with post-traumatic bulbar @entity397 between July 2010 and May 2013 were treated. An 18F peel-away sheath was inserted into the anterior urethra, then a ureteroscope or nephroscope was inserted into the peel-away sheath with continuous normal saline infusion and drainage through the cavity between ureteroscope and sheath to maintain operative field clarity. A guide wire was negotiated across the disruption to the bladder and an 18F Foley catheter inserted for 2-4 weeks. @entity397 severity was evaluated by urethroscopy during operation. Two @entity1 had partial @entity397 and 11 complete rupture. Before Foley catheter removal, pericatheter urethrography was performed to determine if urinary extravasation had occurred. Urethroscopy was performed after catheter removal. Follow-up uroflowmetry was conducted monthly for 1 year. RESULTS: This technique was successful in all @entity1 and none experienced urinary extravasation or required open surgery. Mean operation time was 4.9  1.6 min (3-8 min) and the mean Foley catheter indwelling time was 25.8  5.3 days. During follow-up (18.4  5.4 months, 12-26 months), 6 @entity1 developed @entity3832 (8.7  10.5 weeks, 1-28 weeks post-treatment). Strictures were managed by internal urethrotomy (1 @entity1 ) or urethral sound dilation (5) without open urethroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate endoscopic realignment with drainage via peel-away sheath is a fast, effective, and safe technique for bulbar @entity397 .

title: A new technique for immediate endoscopic realignment of post-traumatic bulbar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Rupture', 'urethral rupture']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral strictures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Urethral injury']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['urethral rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single transverse cage placed in the anterior vertebral column can better maintain lumbar @entity1515 and sagittal alignment and is frequently used via the lateral transpsoas approach. However, there is no clear description in the literature of the steps required to place the single transverse cage during the instrumented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedure for the treatment of @entity179 . The objective of this study is to describe the technique using single transverse-orientation cage when performing TLIF procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present 18 illustrative cases in which single transverse-orientation cage was placed according to a step-by-step technique that can be used during the TLIF procedure. Information acquired included procedure time, intraoperative @entity190 and @entity260 . The preoperative and postoperative @entity717 Index (ODI) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were recorded. Changes in disc height and segmental @entity1515 were measured at radiographs. RESULTS: The single transverse-orientation cage was successfully placed in 18 @entity1 in a stepwise technique to achieve lumbar fusion. Using this technique, the @entity1 significantly improved clinically and radiographically at postoperative visits. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report demonstrating the safety and efficacy of instrumented TLIF with single transverse-orientation cage for the treatment of @entity179 . Single transverse-orientation cage via @entity248 -TLIF approach can maintain @entity1515 and avoid the unique complications of lateral transpsoas approach. Understanding the options for cage placement is important for surgeons considering the use of this technique.

title: Single transverse-orientation cage via @entity248 -TLIF approach for the treatment of XXXX : a technical note.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'greater lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative lumbar disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single transverse cage placed in the anterior vertebral column can better maintain lumbar @entity1515 and sagittal alignment and is frequently used via the lateral transpsoas approach. However, there is no clear description in the literature of the steps required to place the single transverse cage during the instrumented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedure for the treatment of @entity179 . The objective of this study is to describe the technique using single transverse-orientation cage when performing TLIF procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present 18 illustrative cases in which single transverse-orientation cage was placed according to a step-by-step technique that can be used during the TLIF procedure. Information acquired included procedure time, intraoperative @entity190 and @entity260 . The preoperative and postoperative @entity717 Index (ODI) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were recorded. Changes in disc height and segmental @entity1515 were measured at radiographs. RESULTS: The single transverse-orientation cage was successfully placed in 18 @entity1 in a stepwise technique to achieve lumbar fusion. Using this technique, the @entity1 significantly improved clinically and radiographically at postoperative visits. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report demonstrating the safety and efficacy of instrumented TLIF with single transverse-orientation cage for the treatment of @entity179 . Single transverse-orientation cage via @entity248 -TLIF approach can maintain @entity1515 and avoid the unique complications of lateral transpsoas approach. Understanding the options for cage placement is important for surgeons considering the use of this technique.

title: Single transverse-orientation cage via XXXX -TLIF approach for the treatment of @entity179 : a technical note.

answer: @entity248 :: (268,Gene) :: ['MIS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Poor semen quality is one of the main causes of @entity249 . We have generated a set of monoclonal antibodies to @entity1 sperm and used them to investigate sperm quality. Some of these antibodies found differences in the expression of proteins between normal sperm and pathological sperm displaying severe defects. One of them was the Hs-14 antibody. The aim of this paper was to determine the target protein of the Hs-14 monoclonal antibody and to investigate the expression of the Hs-14-reacting protein on the sperm of asthenozoospermic @entity1 with sperm motility defect and of healthy normozoospermic @entity1 . METHODS: Indirect immunofluorescence, one-dimensional and two-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The Hs-14 antibody binds fibronectin, b-tubulin and valosin-containing protein - new name for this protein is @entity17870 ( @entity17870 ). Since the Hs-14 reaction with @entity17870 remained the strongest at the highest antibody dilution, and Hs-14 consistently labelled the same spot or band as the monospecific anti- @entity17870 antibody on immunoblots, we assume that @entity17870 is an Hs-14-specific protein. Binding of fibronectin and b-tubulin might represent nonspecific cross-reactivity or Hs-14 reaction with similar epitopes of these proteins. A significant difference (P   <   0.001) in immunofluorescence staining with Hs-14 was found between the normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The Hs-14 antibody enables discrimination between sterile or subfertile asthenozoospermic and fertile normozoospermic @entity1 . Decreased levels of @entity17870 in @entity1 can be used as a biomarker of reduced fertility.

title: Target antigens for Hs-14 monoclonal antibody and their various expression in normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity17870 :: ('7415', 'Gene') :: ['transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase', 'TERA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity2479 can cause vision-threatening pathological neovascularization. The mechanisms of @entity2479 are not fully understood, however. Here we have shown that leukocytes prune the retinal vasculature during normal development and obliterate it in disease. Beginning at postnatal day 5 (P5) in the normal @entity35 , vascular pruning began centrally and extended peripherally, leaving behind a less dense, smaller-caliber vasculature. The pruning was correlated with @entity989 expression of @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ) and coincided with an outward-moving wave of adherent leukocytes composed in part of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The leukocytes adhered to the vasculature through @entity11265 and remodeled it through @entity23975 ( @entity23975 )-mediated endothelial cell apoptosis. In a model of @entity26 -induced @entity63 , this process was exaggerated. Leukocytes used @entity11265 and @entity23975 to obliterate the retinal vasculature, leaving behind large areas of @entity63 retina. In vitro, T lymphocytes isolated from @entity26 -exposed neonates induced a @entity23975 -mediated apoptosis of hyperoxygenated endothelial cells. Targeting these pathways may prove useful in the treatment of @entity2479 , a leading cause of @entity1018 .

title: Leukocytes mediate XXXX remodeling during development and vaso-obliteration in disease.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss and blindness']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal ischemia', 'retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal vascular']


abstract: Purpose. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of cavernosum play an important role in erection. It is of great significance to quantitatively analyze the level of SMCs in penis. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of shear wave elastography (SWE) on evaluating the level of SMCs in penis quantitatively. Materials and Methods. Twenty healthy male @entity35 were selected. The SWE imaging of penis was carried out and then immunohistochemistry analysis of penis was performed to analyze the expression of @entity1918 in penis. The measurement index of SWE examination was @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ). The measurement index of immunohistochemistry analysis was positive area percentage of @entity1918 (AP). Results. Sixty sets of data of @entity3145 and AP were obtained. The results showed that @entity3145 was significantly correlated with AP and the correlation coefficient was -0.618 (p < 0.001). The result of @entity3145 had been plotted against the AP measurements. The relation between the two results has been fitted with quadric curve; the goodness-of-fit index was 0.364 (p < 0.001). Conclusions. The level of SMCs in penis was successfully quantified in vivo with SWE. SWE can be used clinically for evaluating the level of SMCs in penis quantitatively.

title: Smooth Muscle Cells of Penis in the XXXX : Noninvasive Quantification with Shear Wave Elastography.

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue stiffness', 'TS']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity378 is an essential problem for healthcare systems especially in developing countries. All newborns are given Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) vaccine in Iran which is prepared from live @entity291 @entity378 bacillus, and is given to protect against @entity378 . @entity4034 secondary to BCG vaccination is rare and usually involves epiphysis of long tubular bones. METHODS: 4 @entity1 , 3 males and a female entered this study and were between 11 to 24 months old. The involved bones were first metatarsi, talus, humerus and tibia bone. The main radiologic finding was @entity75 with cortical destruction and periosteal reaction. RESULTS: 3 @entity1 underwent core needle biopsy and the one with the proximal tibia involvement, underwent open surgery. Pathology report suggested @entity738 and @entity39 compatible with @entity378 . Surgical treatment for these @entity1 was curettage and debridement of the @entity79 and involved tissues around. The @entity1 got standard anti TB pharmacotherapy, were completely cured and no short term complication was seen in a one year follow up. CONCLUSION: BCG @entity4034 and @entity733 , should be kept in mind when assessing a @entity1 presenting chronic symptoms like @entity158 , limping or local swelling of extremities. The long interval time between BCG vaccination and outbreak of the culture-negative abscess is a major point which emphasizes on pathologic evaluation. Image guided tissue biopsy and PCR studies confirm diagnosis. Early use of a surgical curettage and debridement along with chemotherapy soon afterwards, enabled these @entity1 to enjoy a satisfactory clinical outcome.

title: Bacille Calmette-Gu  rin XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['typical caseous necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['cold abscess']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['Osteomyelitis']


abstract: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) were randomized to either medical therapy (N = 18) or unilateral GPi pallidotomy (N = 18). The primary outcome variable was the change in total Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) score at 6 months. Secondary outcome variables included subscores and individual @entity304 as determined from the UPDRS. At the six month follow-up, @entity1 receiving pallidotomy had a statistically significant reduction (32% decrease) in the total UPDRS score compared to those randomized to medical therapy (5% increase). Following surgery, @entity1 ' showed improvement in all the cardinal motor signs of @entity191 including @entity400 , @entity2003 , @entity2845 , gait and balance. @entity910 were also markedly improved. Although the greatest improvement occurred on the side contralateral to the lesion, significant ipsilateral improvement was also observed for @entity2845 , @entity2003 and @entity910 . A total of twenty @entity1 have been followed for 2 years to assess the effect of time on clinical outcome. These @entity1 have shown sustained improvement in the total UPDRS (p < 0.0001), "off" motor (p < 0.0001) and complications of therapy subscores (p < 0.0001). Sustained improvement was also seen for @entity400 , @entity2003 , @entity2845 , percent on time and @entity910 .

title: Randomized trial of pallidotomy versus medical therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['drug-induced dyskinesias', 'Drug-induced dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoluminal repair of thoracic aortic pathology has become established in clinical practice, but is associated with significant @entity16 . The aim of this study was to identify factors that were predictive of @entity64 and @entity451 . METHODS: Prospective data was collected for a cohort of 293 consecutive @entity1 having thoracic aortic endovascular repair between August 1997 and September 2009. @entity1 and procedural characteristics were related to the incidence of @entity64 and @entity451 using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The median age was 68 years (18-87), there were 191 @entity1 and 102 @entity1 . Mortality was 5.1% for 195 elective and 13.4% for 98 urgent @entity1 . @entity64 affected 16 (5.5%) @entity1 : 11 affected the anterior and 5 the posterior circulation. Coverage of the left subclavian artery with no revascularisation was the only significant factor predictive of @entity64 (OR 5.34 (1.42-20.40) P = 0.01). @entity451 affected 16 @entity1 (5.5%) but no independent risk factor was identified: 12 were identified perioperatively and 4 were delayed by up to 6 months. CONCLUSION: Covering the left subclavian artery without revascularisation increases the risk of @entity64 following endoluminal repair of thoracic pathology. @entity451 appears to be more complex and no independent precipitating factor was identified.

title: Predictors of XXXX and @entity451 in thoracic aortic endovascular intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['Paraplegia', 'paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoluminal repair of thoracic aortic pathology has become established in clinical practice, but is associated with significant @entity16 . The aim of this study was to identify factors that were predictive of @entity64 and @entity451 . METHODS: Prospective data was collected for a cohort of 293 consecutive @entity1 having thoracic aortic endovascular repair between August 1997 and September 2009. @entity1 and procedural characteristics were related to the incidence of @entity64 and @entity451 using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The median age was 68 years (18-87), there were 191 @entity1 and 102 @entity1 . Mortality was 5.1% for 195 elective and 13.4% for 98 urgent @entity1 . @entity64 affected 16 (5.5%) @entity1 : 11 affected the anterior and 5 the posterior circulation. Coverage of the left subclavian artery with no revascularisation was the only significant factor predictive of @entity64 (OR 5.34 (1.42-20.40) P = 0.01). @entity451 affected 16 @entity1 (5.5%) but no independent risk factor was identified: 12 were identified perioperatively and 4 were delayed by up to 6 months. CONCLUSION: Covering the left subclavian artery without revascularisation increases the risk of @entity64 following endoluminal repair of thoracic pathology. @entity451 appears to be more complex and no independent precipitating factor was identified.

title: Predictors of @entity64 and XXXX in thoracic aortic endovascular intervention.

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: Although sickle erythrocytes (RBC) undergo excessive autooxidation, investigators have not found evidence for abnormal oxidation of protein @entity1433 in sickle RBC membranes (e.g., protein aggregates linked by intermolecular @entity1520 bonds). However, the conventional techniques heretofore used cannot detect more subtle changes in @entity1432 status such as abnormal intramolecular @entity1520 bonds. We examined RBC membranes using @entity1432 - @entity1520 exchange chromatography which partitions @entity3208 -solubilized proteins on the basis of reactive @entity1433 , yielding gel-bound (reduced- @entity1432 ) and filtrate (oxidized/blocked- @entity1432 ) fractions. Membranes from normal RBC partition so that only 13.6 +/- 1.4% of all membrane protein is found in the filtrate fraction. An abnormally increased amount of membrane protein from sickle RBC (21.5 +/- 4.3%) partitions into the filtrate fraction (P less than 0.001). Since sickle RBC do not have high molecular weight aggregates of membrane protein, this indicates abnormal intramolecular @entity1432 oxidation in sickle RBC membranes. Treatment of normal RBC with @entity1432 blockers and oxidants simulates this shift of membrane protein into the filtrate fraction. Analysis using @entity2975 gel electrophoresis reveals that the filtrate fraction derived from normal RBC consists mostly of band 7 and glycophorins, with only trace amounts of other membrane proteins. Superimposed upon this normal background, sickle RBC filtrates are enriched with all proteins (including cytoskeletal protein bands 1, 2, 2.1, and 4.1), suggesting a generalized oxidative perturbation of sickle RBC membranes. These observations support the concept that excessive RBC autooxidation may play a role in sickle disease pathophysiology, and they perhaps help explain the development of those membrane abnormalities that may reflect cytoskeletal dysfunction in sickle erythrocytes.

title: Abnormal redox status of membrane-protein XXXX in sickle erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity1433 :: (MESH:D013438,Chemical) :: ['thiols']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) cell signaling pathway is important in @entity32 and cell survival. @entity32 and cell death in the kidney are features of @entity900 -induced @entity810 . While it is known that @entity900 induces NF-kB signaling in the kidney, the NF-kB responsive genes and the effect of direct NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity900 -induced @entity810 is not known. @entity19 injected with @entity900 , 25mg/kg, developed @entity810 , @entity4295 ( @entity4295 ) and apoptosis on day 3. @entity19 were treated with @entity72551 (20 or 40mg/kg) which directly affects NF-kB transcriptional activity. Kidney function, @entity810 ( @entity4295 , serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], but not apoptosis) and @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ) activity were significantly improved by @entity72551 (40mg/kg). Sixty one NF-kB responsive genes were increased by @entity900 of which 21 genes were decreased by @entity72551 . Genes that were decreased by @entity72551 that are known to play a role in @entity900 -induced @entity810 were @entity1618 , IFN-y, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2 ( @entity1750 ) and @entity13761 . Another gene, caspase recruitment domain family, member 11 ( @entity72552 ), not previously known to play a role in @entity810 , was increased more than 20-fold and completely inhibited by @entity72551 . @entity15891 and @entity637 , known mediators of @entity900 -induced @entity810 , were decreased by @entity72551 . @entity72553 , receptor-interacting @entity563 / @entity1889 -protein kinases, that play an important role in necroptosis, were decreased by @entity72551 . In @entity19 proximal tubule cells in culture, @entity72551 resulted in an increase in apoptosis suggesting that the mechanism of protection against @entity810 by @entity72551 is not due to a direct effect on proximal tubules. In conclusion, NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity900 -induced @entity810 without a significant effect on apoptosis and is associated with a decrease pro-inflammatory mediators and @entity72552 .

title: NF-kB transcriptional inhibition ameliorates XXXX -induced @entity810 ( @entity810 ).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis', 'ATN']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI ameliorates kidney function and ATN', 'AKI', 'tubular injury']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) cell signaling pathway is important in @entity32 and cell survival. @entity32 and cell death in the kidney are features of @entity900 -induced @entity810 . While it is known that @entity900 induces NF-kB signaling in the kidney, the NF-kB responsive genes and the effect of direct NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity900 -induced @entity810 is not known. @entity19 injected with @entity900 , 25mg/kg, developed @entity810 , @entity4295 ( @entity4295 ) and apoptosis on day 3. @entity19 were treated with @entity72551 (20 or 40mg/kg) which directly affects NF-kB transcriptional activity. Kidney function, @entity810 ( @entity4295 , serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], but not apoptosis) and @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ) activity were significantly improved by @entity72551 (40mg/kg). Sixty one NF-kB responsive genes were increased by @entity900 of which 21 genes were decreased by @entity72551 . Genes that were decreased by @entity72551 that are known to play a role in @entity900 -induced @entity810 were @entity1618 , IFN-y, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2 ( @entity1750 ) and @entity13761 . Another gene, caspase recruitment domain family, member 11 ( @entity72552 ), not previously known to play a role in @entity810 , was increased more than 20-fold and completely inhibited by @entity72551 . @entity15891 and @entity637 , known mediators of @entity900 -induced @entity810 , were decreased by @entity72551 . @entity72553 , receptor-interacting @entity563 / @entity1889 -protein kinases, that play an important role in necroptosis, were decreased by @entity72551 . In @entity19 proximal tubule cells in culture, @entity72551 resulted in an increase in apoptosis suggesting that the mechanism of protection against @entity810 by @entity72551 is not due to a direct effect on proximal tubules. In conclusion, NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity900 -induced @entity810 without a significant effect on apoptosis and is associated with a decrease pro-inflammatory mediators and @entity72552 .

title: NF-kB transcriptional inhibition ameliorates @entity900 -induced XXXX ( @entity810 ).

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) cell signaling pathway is important in @entity32 and cell survival. @entity32 and cell death in the kidney are features of @entity900 -induced @entity810 . While it is known that @entity900 induces NF-kB signaling in the kidney, the NF-kB responsive genes and the effect of direct NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity900 -induced @entity810 is not known. @entity19 injected with @entity900 , 25mg/kg, developed @entity810 , @entity4295 ( @entity4295 ) and apoptosis on day 3. @entity19 were treated with @entity72551 (20 or 40mg/kg) which directly affects NF-kB transcriptional activity. Kidney function, @entity810 ( @entity4295 , serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], but not apoptosis) and @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ) activity were significantly improved by @entity72551 (40mg/kg). Sixty one NF-kB responsive genes were increased by @entity900 of which 21 genes were decreased by @entity72551 . Genes that were decreased by @entity72551 that are known to play a role in @entity900 -induced @entity810 were @entity1618 , IFN-y, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2 ( @entity1750 ) and @entity13761 . Another gene, caspase recruitment domain family, member 11 ( @entity72552 ), not previously known to play a role in @entity810 , was increased more than 20-fold and completely inhibited by @entity72551 . @entity15891 and @entity637 , known mediators of @entity900 -induced @entity810 , were decreased by @entity72551 . @entity72553 , receptor-interacting @entity563 / @entity1889 -protein kinases, that play an important role in necroptosis, were decreased by @entity72551 . In @entity19 proximal tubule cells in culture, @entity72551 resulted in an increase in apoptosis suggesting that the mechanism of protection against @entity810 by @entity72551 is not due to a direct effect on proximal tubules. In conclusion, NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity900 -induced @entity810 without a significant effect on apoptosis and is associated with a decrease pro-inflammatory mediators and @entity72552 .

title: NF-kB transcriptional inhibition ameliorates @entity900 -induced @entity810 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['AKI']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dissecting @entity438 (VA) are difficult to treat using current surgical and endovascular techniques. OBJECTIVE: To analyze retrospectively the efficacy and safety of flow diverters in the treatment of dissecting @entity438 . METHODS: We identified six @entity1 with six unruptured VA dissecting @entity439 either arising from the V4 or V3-V4 junction that were treated with the Pipeline embolization device (PED) at our institution between July 2012 and February 2015. Among other parameters, technical feasibility of the procedure, procedure-related complications, angiographic results, and clinical outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: PED placement was achieved in all cases and immediate angiography follow-up demonstrated intra-aneurysmal contrast stasis with parent artery preservation. A temporary episode of @entity4653 was noted in one @entity1 . Major procedure-related complications were not observed. The 6-month follow-up (n=6) demonstrated complete/near-complete @entity439 in five @entity1 and partial obliteration in one. At the 1-year follow-up (n=5) stable complete @entity439 was seen in two @entity1 . Two cases showed progression from near complete @entity432 and partial @entity432 at 6 months to complete @entity432 and near complete @entity432 . One cases showed unchanged near complete @entity432 . No @entity439 , in-stent stenosis or @entity1031 complication was seen. National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale and modified Rankin scale scores remained unchanged from admission to discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary experience with the use of PED for the treatment of intradural VA dissecting @entity439 shows promising short-term results, making this technique a feasible and safe treatment option in @entity1 suitable for this approach. However, long-term and larger cohort studies are needed to validate these results.

title: Endovascular reconstruction of unruptured intradural vertebral artery dissecting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms of the vertebral artery']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm obliteration', 'aneurysmal bleeding', 'aneurysm occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms with the Pipeline embolization device']


abstract: To assess the value of lead V4R during exercise testing for predicting proximal @entity850 of the right coronary artery, 107 @entity1 were studied. In all @entity1 , a Bruce exercise test with the simultaneous recording of leads I, II, @entity17750 , V1, V4 and V6 was followed by coronary angiography. Apart from registering ST segment changes in the conventional leads, all @entity1 were classified according to absence or presence of an ST segment deviation of 1 mm or greater in lead V4R. Seventy-nine of the 107 @entity1 were studied because of inadequate control of @entity951 . Seven @entity1 had had @entity583 before 40 years of age. Twenty-one @entity1 were analyzed because of severe @entity943 . In the 46 @entity1 who had a previous @entity583 , the @entity1188 location was inferior in 28 and anterior in 18. Seven of the 14 @entity1 without @entity583 and significant proximal @entity850 in the right coronary artery showed an ST segment deviation of 1 mm or greater in lead V4R during exercise. This was also observed in 11 of 18 @entity1 with an old inferior wall @entity1188 and proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery. None of the 53 @entity1 without significant proximal @entity850 in the right coronary artery showed exercise-related ST segment changes in lead V4R. Exercise-related ST segment deviation in lead V4R had a sensitivity of 56%, a specificity of 96% and a predictive accuracy of 84% in recognizing proximal @entity850 in the right coronary artery. These observations indicate that the recording of lead V4R is of value for predicting or excluding proximal @entity850 in the right coronary artery.

title: Value of lead V4R in exercise testing to predict proximal XXXX of the right coronary artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17750 :: ('p|SUB|V|4|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V4R']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) is common in primary care and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment of underlying @entity101 can reverse @entity4346 and eliminate the associated risks. Electrocardiography is widely available and commonly used to screen @entity101 @entity1 for @entity4346 , but it is limited by low sensitivity. Limited echocardiographic measurement of the left ventricle is a method for screening with improved sensitivity; however, it is not currently widely used in the primary care setting. This study attempts to test the accuracy of primary care physicians' (PCPs) measurements of the left ventricle using a pocket-sized ultrasound (pUS) device after a brief training session. METHODS: This study was performed in an outpatient cardiology clinic by 3 family medicine residents and 1 family medicine faculty member after a 4-hour training session. Measurements of the left ventricle were made by PCPs using a pUS device; these measurements were compared with cardiologists' measurements from images obtained by echocardiography technicians. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated based on these measurements and then compared between groups. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the mean LVMI calculations in the 2 groups. The agreement in measurements between the groups, however, showed high variability. This was manifested by the low sensitivity (70%) and specificity (76%) of PCPs in the detection of @entity4346 . CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that limited echocardiography for the detection of @entity4346 performed by PCPs at the point of care was feasible. Future studies are needed to determine the ideal training and experience necessary to yield competency.

title: Assessment of Primary Care Physicians' Use of a Pocket Ultrasound DeviceTM to Measure Left Ventricular Mass in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) is common in primary care and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment of underlying @entity101 can reverse @entity4346 and eliminate the associated risks. Electrocardiography is widely available and commonly used to screen @entity101 @entity1 for @entity4346 , but it is limited by low sensitivity. Limited echocardiographic measurement of the left ventricle is a method for screening with improved sensitivity; however, it is not currently widely used in the primary care setting. This study attempts to test the accuracy of primary care physicians' (PCPs) measurements of the left ventricle using a pocket-sized ultrasound (pUS) device after a brief training session. METHODS: This study was performed in an outpatient cardiology clinic by 3 family medicine residents and 1 family medicine faculty member after a 4-hour training session. Measurements of the left ventricle were made by PCPs using a pUS device; these measurements were compared with cardiologists' measurements from images obtained by echocardiography technicians. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated based on these measurements and then compared between groups. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the mean LVMI calculations in the 2 groups. The agreement in measurements between the groups, however, showed high variability. This was manifested by the low sensitivity (70%) and specificity (76%) of PCPs in the detection of @entity4346 . CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that limited echocardiography for the detection of @entity4346 performed by PCPs at the point of care was feasible. Future studies are needed to determine the ideal training and experience necessary to yield competency.

title: Assessment of Primary Care Physicians' Use of a Pocket Ultrasound DeviceTM to Measure Left Ventricular Mass in XXXX with @entity101 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An inadequate supply of physicians who perform colonoscopies contributes to suboptimal screening rates, especially among the underserved. This shortage could be reduced if primary care physicians perform colonoscopies. This purpose of this article is to report quality indicators from colonoscopy procedures performed by family medicine physicians as part of a @entity14 prevention program targeting uninsured, low-income individuals. METHODS: A grant-funded @entity14 screening program was implemented to increase access to affordable colonoscopies for underinsured or uninsured residents of target counties while providing colonoscopy training to family medicine resident physicians. Colonoscopies were performed or supervised by 4 board-certified family physicians. Data were collected between 2011 and 2014. RESULTS: A total of 1155 colonoscopies were performed on 1101 individuals over a 3-year period. Cecal intubation rate was 96.25%. @entity652 detection rates among @entity1 and @entity1 >50 years old were 38.15% and 25.96%, respectively. There was 1 perforation, which was referred to a hospital, and 1 instance of postprocedural @entity548 , which spontaneously resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Primary care physicians performing colonoscopies met the recommended quality indicators set forth by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

title: Expanding Access to XXXX Screening: Benchmarking Quality Indicators in a Primary Care Colonoscopy Program.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity6 Conversation Map program includes 4 "board game-like" education tools. We describe how the Journey to Life Conversation Map Education Class improves @entity6 performance measures of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and blood pressure (BP). METHODS: Retrospective case-control study in a military family medicine clinic from January 2007 to January 2010. We included 202 @entity1 who completed >= 1 conversation map class and a comparison group of 209 @entity1 who did not attend. RESULTS: Attendees started with HbA1c 8.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.86-8.64) and decreased to 6.96 (95% CI, 6.69-7.23). @entity1 in the comparison group started at 8.57 (95% CI, 8.18-8.95) and decreased to 8.27 (95% CI, 8.01-8.54) (P < .001). Attendees began with LDL of 111 mg/dL (95% CI, 103-119) and decreased to 94 mg/dL (95% CI, 81-106). @entity1 in the comparison group started at 89 mg/dL (95% CI, 81-98) and increased to 98 mg/dL (95% CI, 85-110) (P < .007). Systolic BP decreased 5.4 mmHg among attendees versus 0.8 mmHg among those in the comparison group (P = .014), whereas diastolic BP was unchanged (P = .110). CONCLUSION: The Journey to Life Healthy Interactions Conversation Map Education Class for @entity6 improves @entity6 performance measures.

title: Participation in the Journey to Life Conversation Map Improves Control of Hypertension, XXXX , and Hypercholesterolemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Studies have demonstrated increases in mRNA expression for inflammatory cytokines following exercise in @entity1641 and have suggested those markers of @entity32 may play a role in delayed onset @entity925 . However, measurement of mRNA expression in white blood cells is an indirect method. No studies to date have documented the cytokine response to exercise directly in muscle in @entity1641 . HYPOTHESIS: This study tested the hypothesis that exercise increases cytokine markers of @entity32 in blood and muscle. METHODS: Blood and muscle biopsies were obtained from 4 healthy, unfit Standardbred mares (    500 kg). The randomised crossover experiment was performed with the investigators performing the analysis blind to the treatment. Each @entity1641 underwent either incremental exercise test (GXT) or standing parallel control with the trials performed one month apart. During the GXT @entity1641 ran on a treadmill (1 m/s increases each min until fatigue, 6% grade). Blood and muscle biopsies were obtained 30 min before exercise, immediately after exercise and at 0.5, 1, 2, 6 and 24 h post GXT or at matched time points during the parallel control trials. Samples were analysed using real time-PCR for measurement of mRNA expression of @entity34669 ( @entity34669 ), @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity10659 ), @entity10661 ( @entity10661 ) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). Data were analysed using t tests with the null hypothesis rejected when P < 0.10. RESULTS: There were no changes (P > 0.10) in IL-1, @entity10661 , @entity34669 or @entity10659 during control. Exercise induced significant increases in @entity34669 , IL1 and @entity10659 in blood and significant increases in @entity34669 , @entity10661 and @entity10659 in muscle. There were no significant changes in mRNA expression of IL-1 in muscle or @entity10661 in blood following the GXT. These cytokine markers of @entity32 all returned to preGXT levels by 24 h post GXT. CONCLUSION: High intensity exercise results in a transient increase in the expression of inflammatory cytokines in muscle and blood.

title: Exercise-induced increases in inflammatory cytokines in muscle and blood of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle soreness']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Sandy beaches are often considered good training surfaces for trotter @entity1641 . However, their biomechanical effects on locomotion are insufficiently documented. Events at hoof impact have mostly been studied under laboratory conditions with accelerometers, but there is lack of data (acceleration, force, movement) on events occurring under every day practical conditions in the field. OBJECTIVES: To investigate hoof landing and stride parameters on different tracks (from wet to dry) of a sand beach and on an asphalt road. METHODS: The right front hoof of 4 trotter @entity1641 was equipped with a triaxial accelerometer and a dynamometric horseshoe. Acceleration and force recordings (10 kHz) were synchronised with a high speed movie (600 Hz). @entity1641 were driven on a sand beach where 3 tracks of decreasing water content had been delimited (from the sea to the shore): @entity3126 ( @entity3126 ), @entity3126 ( @entity3126 ) and @entity2133 ( @entity2133 ). Firm wet sand and @entity3126 were compared at 25 km/h and @entity2133 compared to an asphalt road at 15 km/h. Recordings (10 strides) were randomly repeated 3 times. Statistical differences were tested using a GLM procedure (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Main significant results were 1) a decrease in the amplitude of the vertical deceleration (and force) of the hoof during impact on a softer surface (about 59% between @entity3126 and @entity3126 and 95% between @entity2133 and asphalt), 2) a decrease in the longitudinal braking deceleration (and force) on softer grounds (50% for @entity3126 vs. @entity3126 and 55% for @entity2133 vs. asphalt), 3) a decrease in the stride length and an increase in the stride frequency on a softer surface. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Drier sand surfaces reduce shock and impact forces during landing. For daily training, it should, however, be realised that improved damping characteristics are associated with a shorter stride length and a higher stride frequency.

title: Biomechanical analysis of hoof landing and stride parameters in harness trotter XXXX running on different tracks of a sand beach (from wet to dry) and on an asphalt road.

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['deep dry sand', 'DDS']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['FWS', 'deep wet sand', 'firm wet sand', 'DWS']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: Fifty-seven digits in 18 hands of 14 @entity1 with @entity309 were retrospectively evaluated after surgical correction of @entity85 . Release of each hyperextension @entity85 was done via a previously described lateral band mobilization technique with temporary pin fixation of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and primary skin closure. Extension block splinting was used for 1 month after pin removal. Follow-up averaged 24 months. Twenty-two percent of the @entity1 were enthusiastic about their results, 56% were satisfied, 22% were equivocal, and none were dissatisfied. Maximum active flexion at the PIP joint averaged 55 degrees, and maximum extension averaged--10 degrees. The average distance from fingertip to distal palmar crease was 32 mm. Average grip strength was 10 kg of force in @entity1 and 4 kg in @entity1 . Step-cut lengthening of the central slip was associated with the development of a @entity85 and an unsatisfactory result in three digits. Even with narrowing of the PIP joint or @entity2681 , which were found on 91% of roentgenograms, lateral band mobilization to correct @entity85 can predictably improve the function and cosmesis of @entity309 .

title: Correction of XXXX by lateral band mobilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'swan-neck deformity', 'boutonniere deformity']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['articular erosions']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid disease', 'rheumatoid hands']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid swan-neck deformity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cigarette smoking is the major aetiologic factor in @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). Lung fibroblasts are key @entity1 in the maintenance of the extracellular matrix within the lung parenchyma. However, it still remains unknown how pulmonary fibroblasts are affected by cigarette smoking. Therefore, in this study, we isolated lung fibroblasts from @entity19 and determined the apoptotic mechanism in response to @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ). When the lung fibroblasts were exposed to @entity1981 , the generation of ROS was increased as shown by @entity7361 staining and Flow Cytometry. By immunocytochemistry, @entity14160 expressing cells gradually decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The @entity3542 concentration in the supernatants increased, while the SOD activity and @entity6172 recycling decreased in response to @entity1981 . @entity1981 increased the mRNA levels of @entity637 and @entity10178 , and the secretory proteins @entity637 and @entity777 increased as measured by ELISA. We next determined whether this inflammatory process is associated with the @entity1380 / @entity1379 apoptosis pathway. The @entity1380 / @entity1379 mRNA ratio increased, and cleaved @entity185 protein was activated in the lung fibroblasts treated with @entity1981 . Moreover, @entity1981 induced the phosphorylation of @entity16279 at Tyr701/Ser727 and increased the activation of @entity8837 , @entity1995 , and @entity14032 in the MAPK pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that @entity1981 -mediated @entity32 alters the redox regulation via the MAPK- @entity16279 pathway, leading to intrinsic apoptosis of lung fibroblasts.

title: Cigarette smoke-mediated oxidative stress induces apoptosis via the MAPKs/ XXXX pathway in @entity19 lung fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['cigarette smoke extract', 'CSE']

answer: @entity16279 :: (20846(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['STAT1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cigarette smoking is the major aetiologic factor in @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). Lung fibroblasts are key @entity1 in the maintenance of the extracellular matrix within the lung parenchyma. However, it still remains unknown how pulmonary fibroblasts are affected by cigarette smoking. Therefore, in this study, we isolated lung fibroblasts from @entity19 and determined the apoptotic mechanism in response to @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ). When the lung fibroblasts were exposed to @entity1981 , the generation of ROS was increased as shown by @entity7361 staining and Flow Cytometry. By immunocytochemistry, @entity14160 expressing cells gradually decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The @entity3542 concentration in the supernatants increased, while the SOD activity and @entity6172 recycling decreased in response to @entity1981 . @entity1981 increased the mRNA levels of @entity637 and @entity10178 , and the secretory proteins @entity637 and @entity777 increased as measured by ELISA. We next determined whether this inflammatory process is associated with the @entity1380 / @entity1379 apoptosis pathway. The @entity1380 / @entity1379 mRNA ratio increased, and cleaved @entity185 protein was activated in the lung fibroblasts treated with @entity1981 . Moreover, @entity1981 induced the phosphorylation of @entity16279 at Tyr701/Ser727 and increased the activation of @entity8837 , @entity1995 , and @entity14032 in the MAPK pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that @entity1981 -mediated @entity32 alters the redox regulation via the MAPK- @entity16279 pathway, leading to intrinsic apoptosis of lung fibroblasts.

title: Cigarette smoke-mediated oxidative stress induces apoptosis via the MAPKs/ @entity16279 pathway in XXXX lung fibroblasts.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Enteric administration of antigen can induce systemic tolerance. In @entity19 @entity2040 mansoni, @entity1503 produce eggs which enter the intestine. An immunologic phenomenon associated with this disease is a spontaneous diminution in the intensity of the granulomatous response in the liver, lungs, and @entity694 with @entity281 , which is termed modulation. It was determined whether modulation of liver @entity738 could be induced by enteric immunization with schistosome eggs. @entity19 infected for 4 wk were immunized by injection of 25,000 eggs into cecal pouches. This induced modulation of liver @entity738 by the eighth week of @entity281 . Neither cecal injection of normal saline nor i.p. or subcutaneous injection of eggs could induce the modulatory process. Modulation could be adoptively transferred from enterically immunized donors by injection of spleen cells into infected recipients or into uninfected recipients with synchronous liver @entity738 induced by the @entity99 of schistosome eggs. Spleen cells treated with anti- @entity3512 or anti-Lyt-1.1 and complement could no longer adoptively transfer modulation. These data show that enteric immunization with schistosome eggs can induce modulation of the @entity409 by a cellular mechanism similar to that described for the natural @entity281 .

title: Induction of XXXX modulation in @entity19 @entity2040 mansoni by enteric exposure to schistosome eggs.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic embolization']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood flukes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosa']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: Enteric administration of antigen can induce systemic tolerance. In @entity19 @entity2040 mansoni, @entity1503 produce eggs which enter the intestine. An immunologic phenomenon associated with this disease is a spontaneous diminution in the intensity of the granulomatous response in the liver, lungs, and @entity694 with @entity281 , which is termed modulation. It was determined whether modulation of liver @entity738 could be induced by enteric immunization with schistosome eggs. @entity19 infected for 4 wk were immunized by injection of 25,000 eggs into cecal pouches. This induced modulation of liver @entity738 by the eighth week of @entity281 . Neither cecal injection of normal saline nor i.p. or subcutaneous injection of eggs could induce the modulatory process. Modulation could be adoptively transferred from enterically immunized donors by injection of spleen cells into infected recipients or into uninfected recipients with synchronous liver @entity738 induced by the @entity99 of schistosome eggs. Spleen cells treated with anti- @entity3512 or anti-Lyt-1.1 and complement could no longer adoptively transfer modulation. These data show that enteric immunization with schistosome eggs can induce modulation of the @entity409 by a cellular mechanism similar to that described for the natural @entity281 .

title: Induction of @entity738 modulation in @entity19 XXXX mansoni by enteric exposure to schistosome eggs.

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']


abstract: Enteric administration of antigen can induce systemic tolerance. In @entity19 @entity2040 mansoni, @entity1503 produce eggs which enter the intestine. An immunologic phenomenon associated with this disease is a spontaneous diminution in the intensity of the granulomatous response in the liver, lungs, and @entity694 with @entity281 , which is termed modulation. It was determined whether modulation of liver @entity738 could be induced by enteric immunization with schistosome eggs. @entity19 infected for 4 wk were immunized by injection of 25,000 eggs into cecal pouches. This induced modulation of liver @entity738 by the eighth week of @entity281 . Neither cecal injection of normal saline nor i.p. or subcutaneous injection of eggs could induce the modulatory process. Modulation could be adoptively transferred from enterically immunized donors by injection of spleen cells into infected recipients or into uninfected recipients with synchronous liver @entity738 induced by the @entity99 of schistosome eggs. Spleen cells treated with anti- @entity3512 or anti-Lyt-1.1 and complement could no longer adoptively transfer modulation. These data show that enteric immunization with schistosome eggs can induce modulation of the @entity409 by a cellular mechanism similar to that described for the natural @entity281 .

title: Induction of @entity738 modulation in XXXX @entity2040 mansoni by enteric exposure to schistosome eggs.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: AIM: Filtering techniques to remove manual compression artefacts from the ECG have not been incorporated to defibrillators to diagnose the rhythm during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Mechanical and manual compression artefacts may be very different. The aim of this study is to characterize the compression artefact caused by the LUCAS 2 device and to evaluate whether filtering the LUCAS 2 artefact results in an accurate rhythm analysis. METHODS: A dataset of 1045 segments were obtained from 230 out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) @entity1 after LUCAS 2 activation. Rhythms were 201 shockable, 270 @entity1167 and 574 organized. Segments during @entity1167 were used to characterize the artefact in time and frequency domains. Three filtering methods, a comb filter and two adaptive filters, were used to remove the mechanical compression artefact. The filtered ECG was then diagnosed with a shock decision algorithm from a defibrillator. RESULTS: When compared to the manual compression artefact, the LUCAS 2 artefact presented a similar amplitude (1.2mV, p-value 0.26), fixed frequency (101.7min(-1)), more harmonic components, smaller spectral dispersion, and a more regular waveform (p-val <3*10(-7)). The @entity2915 ( @entity2915 ) and specificity (SP) before filtering the LUCAS 2 artefact were 52.8% (90% low CI, 46.0%) and 81.5% (79.0%), respectively. For the best filter, @entity2915 and SP after filtering were 97.9% (95.7%) and 84.1% (82.0%), respectively. Optimal filters require more harmonics and smaller bandwidths than for manual compressions. CONCLUSION: Filtering resulted in a large increase in @entity2915 and small increase in SP. Despite differences in artefact characteristics between manual and mechanical compressions, filtering the LUCAS 2 compression artefact results in @entity2915 /SP values comparable to those obtained for manual compression artefacts. The SP is still below the 95% recommended by the American Heart Association.

title: Filtering mechanical chest compression artefacts from out-of-hospital XXXX data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['sensitivity', 'SE']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystole']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Behavioural abnormalities such as @entity23 may develop when @entity1 with @entity191 receive dopaminergic therapy, although they can be controlled by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. We have recorded local field potentials in the subthalamic nucleus of 28 @entity1 with surgically implanted subthalamic electrodes. According to the predominant clinical features of each @entity1 , their @entity191 was associated with @entity23 (n = 10), @entity910 (n = 9) or no dopaminergic mediated motor or behavioural complications (n = 9). Recordings were obtained during the OFF and ON dopaminergic states and the power spectrum of the subthalamic activity as well as the subthalamocortical coherence were analysed using Fourier transform-based techniques. The position of each electrode contact was determined in the postoperative magnetic resonance image to define the topography of the oscillatory activity recorded in each @entity1 . In the OFF state, the three groups of @entity1 had similar oscillatory activity. By contrast, in the ON state, the @entity1 with @entity23 displayed theta-alpha (4-10 Hz) activity (mean peak: 6.71 Hz) that was generated 2-8 mm below the intercommissural line. Similarly, the @entity1 with @entity910 showed theta-alpha activity that peaked at a higher frequency (mean: 8.38 Hz) and was generated 0-2 mm below the intercommissural line. No such activity was detected in @entity1 that displayed no dopaminergic side effects. Cortico-subthalamic coherence was more frequent in the impulsive @entity1 in the 4-7.5 Hz range in scalp electrodes placed on the frontal regions anterior to the primary motor cortex, while in @entity1 with @entity910 it was in the 7.5-10 Hz range in the leads overlying the primary motor and supplementary motor area. Thus, dopaminergic side effects in @entity191 are associated with oscillatory activity in the theta-alpha band, but at different frequencies and with different topography for the motor ( @entity910 ) and behavioural (abnormal impulsivity) manifestations. These findings suggest that the activity recorded in @entity191 @entity1 with @entity23 stems from the associative-limbic area (ventral subthalamic area), which is coherent with premotor frontal cortical activity. Conversely, in @entity1 with l-dopa-induced @entity910 such activity is recorded in the motor area (dorsal subthalamic area) and it is coherent with cortical motor activity. Consequently, the subthalamic nucleus appears to be implicated in the motor and behavioural complications associated with dopaminergic drugs in @entity191 , specifically engaging different anatomo-functional territories.

title: Involvement of the subthalamic nucleus in @entity23 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulse control disorders']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Behavioural abnormalities such as @entity23 may develop when @entity1 with @entity191 receive dopaminergic therapy, although they can be controlled by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. We have recorded local field potentials in the subthalamic nucleus of 28 @entity1 with surgically implanted subthalamic electrodes. According to the predominant clinical features of each @entity1 , their @entity191 was associated with @entity23 (n = 10), @entity910 (n = 9) or no dopaminergic mediated motor or behavioural complications (n = 9). Recordings were obtained during the OFF and ON dopaminergic states and the power spectrum of the subthalamic activity as well as the subthalamocortical coherence were analysed using Fourier transform-based techniques. The position of each electrode contact was determined in the postoperative magnetic resonance image to define the topography of the oscillatory activity recorded in each @entity1 . In the OFF state, the three groups of @entity1 had similar oscillatory activity. By contrast, in the ON state, the @entity1 with @entity23 displayed theta-alpha (4-10 Hz) activity (mean peak: 6.71 Hz) that was generated 2-8 mm below the intercommissural line. Similarly, the @entity1 with @entity910 showed theta-alpha activity that peaked at a higher frequency (mean: 8.38 Hz) and was generated 0-2 mm below the intercommissural line. No such activity was detected in @entity1 that displayed no dopaminergic side effects. Cortico-subthalamic coherence was more frequent in the impulsive @entity1 in the 4-7.5 Hz range in scalp electrodes placed on the frontal regions anterior to the primary motor cortex, while in @entity1 with @entity910 it was in the 7.5-10 Hz range in the leads overlying the primary motor and supplementary motor area. Thus, dopaminergic side effects in @entity191 are associated with oscillatory activity in the theta-alpha band, but at different frequencies and with different topography for the motor ( @entity910 ) and behavioural (abnormal impulsivity) manifestations. These findings suggest that the activity recorded in @entity191 @entity1 with @entity23 stems from the associative-limbic area (ventral subthalamic area), which is coherent with premotor frontal cortical activity. Conversely, in @entity1 with l-dopa-induced @entity910 such activity is recorded in the motor area (dorsal subthalamic area) and it is coherent with cortical motor activity. Consequently, the subthalamic nucleus appears to be implicated in the motor and behavioural complications associated with dopaminergic drugs in @entity191 , specifically engaging different anatomo-functional territories.

title: Involvement of the subthalamic nucleus in XXXX associated with @entity191 .

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['impulse control disorders']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 with exclusively @entity1109 of @entity1737 were thymectomised. @entity704 , resistance to @entity4836 therapy or relapse following immunosuppressive therapy were taken as indications for surgery. The mean preoperative observation period before operation was 40 months, and after operation was 26 months. There was no operative or postoperative morbidity or mortality. @entity6732 were found in all @entity1 (in one case, @entity704 ; in four, persistent thymus; in 13, @entity8792 ). The histological abnormalities were identical to those found in generalised @entity1737 . This included the distribution of T-cell subtypes as identified by use of monoclonal antibodies. The severity of @entity1109 was rated using a score developed for this purpose. The score progressively declined after surgery to an average of 70% of its initial amount in 80% of @entity1 . Full remission occurred in three cases. No @entity1 developed generalized @entity1737 . Antibody titres against @entity934 receptors if elevated preoperatively also dropped following surgery, with one exception. Clear criteria for the expected therapeutic success of thymectomy could not be identified. Based on our results, and on the assumed significance of the thymus gland for pathogenesis, thymectomy should be considered in @entity1 with @entity1109 .

title: Thymectomy in @entity1737 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['Suspected thymoma', 'thymoma']

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['pure ocular symptoms', 'ocular symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia']

entities_list: @entity8792 :: ('MESH:D013952', 'Disease') :: ['thymic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['Histological thymic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['pure ocular symptoms']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 with exclusively @entity1109 of @entity1737 were thymectomised. @entity704 , resistance to @entity4836 therapy or relapse following immunosuppressive therapy were taken as indications for surgery. The mean preoperative observation period before operation was 40 months, and after operation was 26 months. There was no operative or postoperative morbidity or mortality. @entity6732 were found in all @entity1 (in one case, @entity704 ; in four, persistent thymus; in 13, @entity8792 ). The histological abnormalities were identical to those found in generalised @entity1737 . This included the distribution of T-cell subtypes as identified by use of monoclonal antibodies. The severity of @entity1109 was rated using a score developed for this purpose. The score progressively declined after surgery to an average of 70% of its initial amount in 80% of @entity1 . Full remission occurred in three cases. No @entity1 developed generalized @entity1737 . Antibody titres against @entity934 receptors if elevated preoperatively also dropped following surgery, with one exception. Clear criteria for the expected therapeutic success of thymectomy could not be identified. Based on our results, and on the assumed significance of the thymus gland for pathogenesis, thymectomy should be considered in @entity1 with @entity1109 .

title: Thymectomy in XXXX with @entity1109 .

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia']


abstract: AIMS: Persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) often recurs after direct current electrical cardioversion (ECV). As several experimental and clinical studies suggest that n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) may have antiarrhythmic properties even at the atrial level, we aimed to evaluate whether oral supplementation with @entity5204 , in addition to conventional antiarrhythmic drugs, could reduce the recurrence rate of the @entity943 after ECV of persistent @entity955 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and four @entity1 (mean age 69.3 years, 33% females) with persistent @entity955 were randomly assigned to receive 3 g/day of @entity5204 until ECV and 2 g/day thereafter (104 @entity1 ) or placebo (100 @entity1 ) for 6 months, beginning at least 1 week before ECV. Selection of conventional antiarrhythmic prophylaxis was left to local medical advice. The cardiac rhythm was assessed by both trans-telephonic monitoring and clinical visits. Primary end-point was the recurrence rate of @entity955 . Sinus rhythm was restored, either spontaneously or after ECV, in 187 @entity1 (91.7%); 95 @entity1 (91.4%) on @entity5204 and 92 @entity1 (92.0%) on placebo (P=not significant). @entity955 relapsed in 56 (58.9%) of the @entity5204 @entity1 and in 47 (51.1%) of the placebo @entity1 (P=0.28). The mean time to @entity955 recurrence was 83  8 days in the @entity5204 group and 106  9 days in the placebo group (P=0.29). CONCLUSION: Our results do not support the hypothesis that, in @entity1 undergoing ECV of chronic persistent @entity955 , supplementation with @entity5204 in addition to the usual antiarrhythmic treatment reduces recurrent @entity955 .

title: n-3 @entity1474 for the prevention of XXXX recurrence after electrical cardioversion of chronic persistent @entity955 : a randomized, double-blind, multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: AIMS: Persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) often recurs after direct current electrical cardioversion (ECV). As several experimental and clinical studies suggest that n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) may have antiarrhythmic properties even at the atrial level, we aimed to evaluate whether oral supplementation with @entity5204 , in addition to conventional antiarrhythmic drugs, could reduce the recurrence rate of the @entity943 after ECV of persistent @entity955 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and four @entity1 (mean age 69.3 years, 33% females) with persistent @entity955 were randomly assigned to receive 3 g/day of @entity5204 until ECV and 2 g/day thereafter (104 @entity1 ) or placebo (100 @entity1 ) for 6 months, beginning at least 1 week before ECV. Selection of conventional antiarrhythmic prophylaxis was left to local medical advice. The cardiac rhythm was assessed by both trans-telephonic monitoring and clinical visits. Primary end-point was the recurrence rate of @entity955 . Sinus rhythm was restored, either spontaneously or after ECV, in 187 @entity1 (91.7%); 95 @entity1 (91.4%) on @entity5204 and 92 @entity1 (92.0%) on placebo (P=not significant). @entity955 relapsed in 56 (58.9%) of the @entity5204 @entity1 and in 47 (51.1%) of the placebo @entity1 (P=0.28). The mean time to @entity955 recurrence was 83  8 days in the @entity5204 group and 106  9 days in the placebo group (P=0.29). CONCLUSION: Our results do not support the hypothesis that, in @entity1 undergoing ECV of chronic persistent @entity955 , supplementation with @entity5204 in addition to the usual antiarrhythmic treatment reduces recurrent @entity955 .

title: n-3 @entity1474 for the prevention of @entity943 recurrence after electrical cardioversion of chronic persistent XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: AIMS: Persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) often recurs after direct current electrical cardioversion (ECV). As several experimental and clinical studies suggest that n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) may have antiarrhythmic properties even at the atrial level, we aimed to evaluate whether oral supplementation with @entity5204 , in addition to conventional antiarrhythmic drugs, could reduce the recurrence rate of the @entity943 after ECV of persistent @entity955 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and four @entity1 (mean age 69.3 years, 33% females) with persistent @entity955 were randomly assigned to receive 3 g/day of @entity5204 until ECV and 2 g/day thereafter (104 @entity1 ) or placebo (100 @entity1 ) for 6 months, beginning at least 1 week before ECV. Selection of conventional antiarrhythmic prophylaxis was left to local medical advice. The cardiac rhythm was assessed by both trans-telephonic monitoring and clinical visits. Primary end-point was the recurrence rate of @entity955 . Sinus rhythm was restored, either spontaneously or after ECV, in 187 @entity1 (91.7%); 95 @entity1 (91.4%) on @entity5204 and 92 @entity1 (92.0%) on placebo (P=not significant). @entity955 relapsed in 56 (58.9%) of the @entity5204 @entity1 and in 47 (51.1%) of the placebo @entity1 (P=0.28). The mean time to @entity955 recurrence was 83  8 days in the @entity5204 group and 106  9 days in the placebo group (P=0.29). CONCLUSION: Our results do not support the hypothesis that, in @entity1 undergoing ECV of chronic persistent @entity955 , supplementation with @entity5204 in addition to the usual antiarrhythmic treatment reduces recurrent @entity955 .

title: n-3 XXXX for the prevention of @entity943 recurrence after electrical cardioversion of chronic persistent @entity955 : a randomized, double-blind, multicentre study.

answer: @entity1474 :: (MESH:D005231,Chemical) :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']


abstract: This study concerns 51 cases of cystic @entity816 of the @entity1779 . At operation these @entity5 closely resembled @entity76 , presenting as a big cyst contiguous with the lateral ventricle and containing a small mural nodule. The nodule was in a deep location in 26 cases, and always showed marked contrast enhancement on computerized tomography scans. The most frequent presenting symptom was @entity302 (68%), and the most common sign was @entity1829 (85%). The major goal of surgery was extirpation of the nodule. The follow-up period of the 34 cases available for long-term review ranged from 6 to 31 years (mean 17 years). Of these, 28 @entity1 (82%) had a good outcome; four (12%) had a fair result, and two (6%) had a poor response. An analysis of these results shows that total extirpation of the mural @entity5 was associated with the best outcome, whether or not the cyst wall was completely removed. Radiation therapy was irrelevant to the prognosis for these @entity1 . On the other hand, partial excision of the nodule, correlated with the deep location of the @entity5 , was the cause of the two poor results in this series and resulted in multiple operations for recurrences in two other @entity1 . Nevertheless, two of these @entity1 are still alive and well many years after incomplete surgical treatment. On the basis of this study, the importance of recognizing the occurrence of this "benign" @entity5 of the @entity1779 is stressed, and the hypothesis of a common origin from subependymal glia of all @entity816 is supported.

title: Cystic XXXX of the @entity1779 . Surgical experience with 51 cases and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytomas', 'pilocytic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemispheres']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['pilocytic astrocytomas']


abstract: This study concerns 51 cases of cystic @entity816 of the @entity1779 . At operation these @entity5 closely resembled @entity76 , presenting as a big cyst contiguous with the lateral ventricle and containing a small mural nodule. The nodule was in a deep location in 26 cases, and always showed marked contrast enhancement on computerized tomography scans. The most frequent presenting symptom was @entity302 (68%), and the most common sign was @entity1829 (85%). The major goal of surgery was extirpation of the nodule. The follow-up period of the 34 cases available for long-term review ranged from 6 to 31 years (mean 17 years). Of these, 28 @entity1 (82%) had a good outcome; four (12%) had a fair result, and two (6%) had a poor response. An analysis of these results shows that total extirpation of the mural @entity5 was associated with the best outcome, whether or not the cyst wall was completely removed. Radiation therapy was irrelevant to the prognosis for these @entity1 . On the other hand, partial excision of the nodule, correlated with the deep location of the @entity5 , was the cause of the two poor results in this series and resulted in multiple operations for recurrences in two other @entity1 . Nevertheless, two of these @entity1 are still alive and well many years after incomplete surgical treatment. On the basis of this study, the importance of recognizing the occurrence of this "benign" @entity5 of the @entity1779 is stressed, and the hypothesis of a common origin from subependymal glia of all @entity816 is supported.

title: Cystic @entity816 of the XXXX . Surgical experience with 51 cases and long-term results.

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral hemispheres']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ramucirumab is a fully immunoglobulin G (lgG) monoclonal antibody targeting @entity319 ( @entity319 ). Previous clinical trials suggested ramucirumab could improve the survival and increase the risk of adverse effects. Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ramucirumab in the treatment of advanced solid @entity5 . METHODS: Publications were searched from Pubmed, Embase database and clinicaltrials.gov. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95  % confidence interval (95  % CI) were calculated to evaluate efficacy, and the risk ratio (RR) for adverse effects. RESULTS: Ten relevant studies were included. Ramucirumab resulted in significant benefit in overall survival [OS, HR and 95  % CI 0.87 (0.82-0.93), I (2): 0.0  %] and progression-free survival [PFS, HR and 95  % CI 0.74 (0.66-0.82), I (2): 67.4  %]. Also the difference of @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and objective response rate (ORR) between two groups were also significant [0.70 (0.57-0.88) and 1.78 (1.40-2.25), respectively]. Ramucirumab could increase the risk of total adverse effects (TAEs, of any grade) by 1  % (from 0 to 2  %) and severe adverse effects (SAEs, grade  >  2) by 17  % (from 9 to 26  %). The most frequently occurring TAEs were @entity1295 (54.71  %), @entity1398 (42.74  %), @entity548 (37.55  %), @entity390 (34.63  %) and @entity3136 (33.74  %). Most frequently occurring SAEs (grade >= 3) were @entity1398 (33.43  %), @entity1295 (12.08  %), @entity1431 (10.59  %), @entity101 (8.99  %) and @entity99 (8.74  %). CONCLUSION: Ramucirumab could improve OS and PFS for @entity1 suffering from advanced solid @entity5 . Ramucirumab could increase the risk of TAEs and SAEs.

title: The Impact of Ramucirumab on Survival in @entity1 with XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized II/III Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2', 'VEGFR2']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Advanced Solid Tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ramucirumab is a fully immunoglobulin G (lgG) monoclonal antibody targeting @entity319 ( @entity319 ). Previous clinical trials suggested ramucirumab could improve the survival and increase the risk of adverse effects. Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ramucirumab in the treatment of advanced solid @entity5 . METHODS: Publications were searched from Pubmed, Embase database and clinicaltrials.gov. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95  % confidence interval (95  % CI) were calculated to evaluate efficacy, and the risk ratio (RR) for adverse effects. RESULTS: Ten relevant studies were included. Ramucirumab resulted in significant benefit in overall survival [OS, HR and 95  % CI 0.87 (0.82-0.93), I (2): 0.0  %] and progression-free survival [PFS, HR and 95  % CI 0.74 (0.66-0.82), I (2): 67.4  %]. Also the difference of @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and objective response rate (ORR) between two groups were also significant [0.70 (0.57-0.88) and 1.78 (1.40-2.25), respectively]. Ramucirumab could increase the risk of total adverse effects (TAEs, of any grade) by 1  % (from 0 to 2  %) and severe adverse effects (SAEs, grade  >  2) by 17  % (from 9 to 26  %). The most frequently occurring TAEs were @entity1295 (54.71  %), @entity1398 (42.74  %), @entity548 (37.55  %), @entity390 (34.63  %) and @entity3136 (33.74  %). Most frequently occurring SAEs (grade >= 3) were @entity1398 (33.43  %), @entity1295 (12.08  %), @entity1431 (10.59  %), @entity101 (8.99  %) and @entity99 (8.74  %). CONCLUSION: Ramucirumab could improve OS and PFS for @entity1 suffering from advanced solid @entity5 . Ramucirumab could increase the risk of TAEs and SAEs.

title: The Impact of Ramucirumab on Survival in XXXX with @entity5 : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized II/III Controlled Trials.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Changes in concentrations of minerals, trace elements, protein, @entity1132 and total lipids during 20 mo of lactation and correlations between levels of these milk constituents were studied in a carefully defined set of 222 milk samples collected from 52 @entity1 , one-half of whom were vegetarians. Milk samples from vegetarians and those from nonvegetarians contained similar levels of @entity68 , @entity920 , @entity219 , @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity460 , @entity1760 , @entity1132 and fat. Following a brief but sharp initial decrease, levels of protein and @entity68 did not change significantly between mo 2 and 20 of lactation. Levels of @entity219 , @entity920 , @entity1372 and @entity972 declined for the first 6 mo of lactation. Levels of lipid, @entity1372 and @entity219 increased during later months of lactation while that of @entity460 decreased. Levels of @entity1132 , @entity920 , @entity972 and @entity1760 remained unchanged during mo 7-20. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed positive correlations between levels of three pairs of inorganic constituents during the first 6 mo of lactation: @entity920 and @entity219 , @entity920 and @entity972 , and @entity972 and @entity460 . During the subsequent 14 mo of lactation, @entity972 was correlated with @entity920 . The level of @entity68 was positively correlated with that of lipid, while that of @entity460 was negatively correlated with that of lipid. These relationships, and others reported in the paper, are discussed in relation to current hypotheses of the mechanism of milk secretion and the binding of inorganic to organic milk constituents.

title: Inorganic constituents of breast milk from vegetarian and nonvegetarian XXXX : relationships with each other and with organic constituents.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this work, we examine the effects of stent-induced @entity2333 on @entity299 and blood pressure using computational fluid dynamic simulations. BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity1498 ( @entity9931 ) consists of either open, surgical repair or angioplasty with or without stenting. Although stenting is a minimally invasive alternative to surgery, @entity2333 increases in the stented section. Concern over this increased stiffness has long been argued to be detrimental to the overall vascular health of the @entity1 . METHODS: MR imaging was performed on a 15-year-old female with @entity9931 . A 3D model of the large thoracic arteries was created, and the heart and downstream vasculature were represented by lumped parameter models at the model inlet and outlets, respectively. A deformable wall assumption was used in conjunction with variable wall properties and tissue support, and 3D velocity, pressure, and wall dynamics were computed. The lumped parameter values and wall properties were tuned to match the mean flow and aortic deformation as measured by MRI. The @entity9931 was then virtually removed from the model representing an end-to-end surgical correction. In a second model, the repaired section was prescribed to be nearly rigid, representing stenting. All other variables remained the same. RESULTS: When compared to surgery, stenting resulted in clinically negligible increases in cardiac work (0.4%) and no change in mean blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests @entity9931 stenting may not affect cardiac work to any significant degree as is commonly believed in the clinical community.

title: Computational fluid dynamic simulations of XXXX comparing the effects of surgical- and stent-based treatments on aortic compliance and ventricular workload.

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac workload']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances (SDs) are common in @entity1 with all forms of @entity303 . However, most studies focus on @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and less is known about the prevalence and characteristics of @entity168 in @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ). OBJECTIVE: The aims of this cross-sectional study were: (1) to examine the frequency of @entity168 in @entity1832 versus @entity195 ; (2) to compare @entity1 with and without @entity168 with regard to relevant clinical variables, and (3) to investigate the associations between @entity168 and medication use. METHODS: @entity1 with a first-time diagnosis of probable or possible @entity1832 or @entity195 were selected from the @entity303 Study of Western Norway and recruited from clinics for old age psychiatry from 2010 until the end of 2013. RESULTS: In all, 123 (55.7%) subjects with @entity303 suffered from at least one @entity168 . @entity22 was present in 77 (34.8%), and 34 (20.7%) @entity1 had probable REM-sleep @entity74 (RBD). All SDs were also significantly more frequent in @entity1 with @entity1832 than in @entity195 , and @entity1832 @entity1 also more often had several co-occurring SDs. The presence of any @entity168 was associated with more @entity146 , higher morbidity, more @entity191 symptoms and excessive @entity25 . Antiparkinsonian medication was used more often in RBD, @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) and periodic limb movements, and @entity1245 were also common in @entity4531 . CONCLUSIONS: Sleep problems are more common in @entity1832 @entity1 compared to @entity195 , and are associated with more clinical impairment. @entity1832 @entity1 frequently have several sleep problems occurring simultaneously, which suggests a need for screening and accurate assessment of sleep in @entity1832 .

title: Higher Frequency and Complexity of Sleep Disturbances in @entity303 with Lewy Bodies as Compared to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['dementia with Lewy bodies', 'DLB']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['behaviour disorder']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['RLS', 'restless leg syndrome']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Insomnia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances (SDs) are common in @entity1 with all forms of @entity303 . However, most studies focus on @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and less is known about the prevalence and characteristics of @entity168 in @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ). OBJECTIVE: The aims of this cross-sectional study were: (1) to examine the frequency of @entity168 in @entity1832 versus @entity195 ; (2) to compare @entity1 with and without @entity168 with regard to relevant clinical variables, and (3) to investigate the associations between @entity168 and medication use. METHODS: @entity1 with a first-time diagnosis of probable or possible @entity1832 or @entity195 were selected from the @entity303 Study of Western Norway and recruited from clinics for old age psychiatry from 2010 until the end of 2013. RESULTS: In all, 123 (55.7%) subjects with @entity303 suffered from at least one @entity168 . @entity22 was present in 77 (34.8%), and 34 (20.7%) @entity1 had probable REM-sleep @entity74 (RBD). All SDs were also significantly more frequent in @entity1 with @entity1832 than in @entity195 , and @entity1832 @entity1 also more often had several co-occurring SDs. The presence of any @entity168 was associated with more @entity146 , higher morbidity, more @entity191 symptoms and excessive @entity25 . Antiparkinsonian medication was used more often in RBD, @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) and periodic limb movements, and @entity1245 were also common in @entity4531 . CONCLUSIONS: Sleep problems are more common in @entity1832 @entity1 compared to @entity195 , and are associated with more clinical impairment. @entity1832 @entity1 frequently have several sleep problems occurring simultaneously, which suggests a need for screening and accurate assessment of sleep in @entity1832 .

title: Higher Frequency and Complexity of Sleep Disturbances in XXXX with Lewy Bodies as Compared to @entity195 .

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is the most common infectious cause of @entity204 in the United States. To understand the effect of efforts to improve quality and efficiency of care in @entity497 , we examined the trends in mortality and costs among hospitalized @entity497 @entity1 . METHODS: Using the National Inpatient Sample between 1993 and 2005, we studied 569,524 @entity497 admissions. The primary outcome was mortality at discharge. We used logistic regression to evaluate the mortality trend, adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities. To account for the effect of early discharge practices, we also compared daily mortality rates and performed a Cox proportional hazards model. We used a generalized linear model to analyze trends in hospitalization costs, which were derived using cost-to-charge ratios. RESULTS: Over time, length of stay declined, while more @entity1 were discharged to other facilities. The frequency of many comorbidities increased. Age/gender-adjusted mortality decreased from 8.9% to 4.1% (P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, the mortality risk declined through 2005 (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.53), compared with the reference year 1993. The daily mortality rates demonstrated that most of the mortality reduction occurred early during hospitalization. After adjusting for early discharge practices, the risk of mortality still declined through 2005 (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.78). Median hospitalization costs exhibited a moderate reduction over time, mostly because of reduced length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality among @entity1 hospitalized for @entity497 has declined. Lower in-hospital mortality at a reduced cost suggests that @entity55 is a case of improved productivity in health care.

title: Trends in mortality and medical spending in @entity1 hospitalized for community-acquired XXXX : 1993-2005.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Community-acquired pneumonia', 'CAP']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is the most common infectious cause of @entity204 in the United States. To understand the effect of efforts to improve quality and efficiency of care in @entity497 , we examined the trends in mortality and costs among hospitalized @entity497 @entity1 . METHODS: Using the National Inpatient Sample between 1993 and 2005, we studied 569,524 @entity497 admissions. The primary outcome was mortality at discharge. We used logistic regression to evaluate the mortality trend, adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities. To account for the effect of early discharge practices, we also compared daily mortality rates and performed a Cox proportional hazards model. We used a generalized linear model to analyze trends in hospitalization costs, which were derived using cost-to-charge ratios. RESULTS: Over time, length of stay declined, while more @entity1 were discharged to other facilities. The frequency of many comorbidities increased. Age/gender-adjusted mortality decreased from 8.9% to 4.1% (P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, the mortality risk declined through 2005 (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.53), compared with the reference year 1993. The daily mortality rates demonstrated that most of the mortality reduction occurred early during hospitalization. After adjusting for early discharge practices, the risk of mortality still declined through 2005 (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.78). Median hospitalization costs exhibited a moderate reduction over time, mostly because of reduced length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality among @entity1 hospitalized for @entity497 has declined. Lower in-hospital mortality at a reduced cost suggests that @entity55 is a case of improved productivity in health care.

title: Trends in mortality and medical spending in XXXX hospitalized for community-acquired @entity55 : 1993-2005.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']