abstract: The contraction of smooth muscle is regulated primarily by intracellular @entity141 signal. It is well established that the elevation of the cytosolic @entity141 level activates @entity19077 , which phosphorylates 20 kDa regulatory @entity3999 light chain and activates @entity3999 ATPase. The simultaneous measurement of cytosolic @entity141 concentration and force development revealed that the alteration of the @entity141 -sensitivity of the contractile apparatus as well as the @entity141 signal plays a critical role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. The fluctuation of an extent of @entity3999 phosphorylation for a given change in @entity141 concentration is considered to contribute to the major mechanisms regulating the @entity141 -sensitivity. The level of @entity3999 phosphorylation is determined by the balance between phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The phosphorylation level for a given @entity141 elevation is increased either by @entity141 -independent activation of phosphorylation process or inhibition of dephosphorylation. In the last decade, the isolation and cloning of @entity3999 phosphatase facilitated the understanding of regulatory mechanism of dephosphorylation process at the molecular level. The inhibition of @entity3999 phosphatase can be achieved by (1) alteration of hetrotrimeric structure, (2) phosphorylation of 110 kDa regulatory subunit @entity31050 at the specific site and (3) inhibitory protein @entity30265 upon its phosphorylation. Rho-kinase was first identified to phosphorylate @entity31050 , and later many kinases were found to phosphorylate @entity31050 and inhibit dephosphorylation of @entity3999 . Similarly, the phosphorylation of @entity30265 can be catalysed by multiple kinases. Moreover, the @entity3999 light chain can be phosphorylated by not only authentic @entity3999 light chain kinase in a @entity141 -dependent manner but also by multiple kinases in a @entity141 -independent manner, thus adding a novel mechanism to the regulation of the @entity141 -sensitivity by regulating the phosphorylation process. It is now clarified that the @entity16084 network is involved in the regulation of @entity3999 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. However, the physiological role of each component remains to be determined. One approach to accomplish this purpose is to investigate the effects of the dominant negative mutants of the signalling molecule on the smooth muscle contraction. In this regards, a protein transduction technique utilizing the cell-penetrating peptides would provide a useful tool. In the preliminary study, we succeeded in introducing a fragment of @entity31050 into the arterial strips, and found enhancement of contraction.

title: @entity16084 network in the regulation of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of smooth muscle XXXX light chain.

entities_list: @entity19077 :: ('4638', 'Gene') :: ['myosin light chain kinase']

answer: @entity3999 :: (79784,Gene) :: ['myosin']


abstract: The contraction of smooth muscle is regulated primarily by intracellular @entity141 signal. It is well established that the elevation of the cytosolic @entity141 level activates @entity19077 , which phosphorylates 20 kDa regulatory @entity3999 light chain and activates @entity3999 ATPase. The simultaneous measurement of cytosolic @entity141 concentration and force development revealed that the alteration of the @entity141 -sensitivity of the contractile apparatus as well as the @entity141 signal plays a critical role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. The fluctuation of an extent of @entity3999 phosphorylation for a given change in @entity141 concentration is considered to contribute to the major mechanisms regulating the @entity141 -sensitivity. The level of @entity3999 phosphorylation is determined by the balance between phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The phosphorylation level for a given @entity141 elevation is increased either by @entity141 -independent activation of phosphorylation process or inhibition of dephosphorylation. In the last decade, the isolation and cloning of @entity3999 phosphatase facilitated the understanding of regulatory mechanism of dephosphorylation process at the molecular level. The inhibition of @entity3999 phosphatase can be achieved by (1) alteration of hetrotrimeric structure, (2) phosphorylation of 110 kDa regulatory subunit @entity31050 at the specific site and (3) inhibitory protein @entity30265 upon its phosphorylation. Rho-kinase was first identified to phosphorylate @entity31050 , and later many kinases were found to phosphorylate @entity31050 and inhibit dephosphorylation of @entity3999 . Similarly, the phosphorylation of @entity30265 can be catalysed by multiple kinases. Moreover, the @entity3999 light chain can be phosphorylated by not only authentic @entity3999 light chain kinase in a @entity141 -dependent manner but also by multiple kinases in a @entity141 -independent manner, thus adding a novel mechanism to the regulation of the @entity141 -sensitivity by regulating the phosphorylation process. It is now clarified that the @entity16084 network is involved in the regulation of @entity3999 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. However, the physiological role of each component remains to be determined. One approach to accomplish this purpose is to investigate the effects of the dominant negative mutants of the signalling molecule on the smooth muscle contraction. In this regards, a protein transduction technique utilizing the cell-penetrating peptides would provide a useful tool. In the preliminary study, we succeeded in introducing a fragment of @entity31050 into the arterial strips, and found enhancement of contraction.

title: XXXX network in the regulation of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of smooth muscle @entity3999 light chain.

answer: @entity16084 :: (1022,Gene) :: ['Protein kinase']


abstract: Language comprehension, measured by the Luria-Nebraska Relational Concepts Factor Scale, was evaluated twice in 15 male DSM-III-R @entity161 @entity1 during a controlled double-blind @entity1767 maintenance (without anticholinergics) and placebo replacement protocol. Fifteen male normal controls were tested once. @entity1 and controls were matched on age and education. Language comprehension was significantly reduced in @entity1 under both pharmacologic conditions, as compared with controls. @entity1 ' comprehension accuracy did not differ significantly between neuroleptic-treatment and placebo replacement conditions. @entity1 ' comprehension accuracy was independent of positive symptoms, @entity308 , measures of clinical course, and CSF and plasma @entity1154 . Comprehension accuracy was also not associated with @entity1 ' educational level or WAIS-R measures of their intellectual and short-term memory functioning. @entity1 ' comprehension performance was significantly associated only with the negative symptom anhedonia-asociality during @entity1767 maintenance. Thus, language comprehension in @entity161 @entity1 was independent of changes in pharmacologic treatment and the positive symptoms of @entity716 . Results suggest language comprehension may represent a stable or trait characteristic in @entity161 .

title: Language comprehension in XXXX : trait or state indicator?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamines']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity52362 is a rare @entity5 composed of cells with epithelial characteristics in various differentiation patterns surrounded by fibrous cells. Evidence as to whether this @entity5 should be designated as an epithelial bone @entity5 or a @entity242 with both epithelial and mesenchymal features is lacking. In this study the nature of the mesenchymal and epithelial components of @entity7197 was investigated by DNA flow cytometry, DNA image cytometry, @entity876 immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction-based loss of heterozygosity detection at the @entity876 locus. Specimens from 6 of 15 @entity1 (40%) analyzed by flow cytometry had an aneuploid DNA index. Image cytometry analysis of Feulgen-stained paraffin sections of 6 aneuploid and 2 diploid @entity5 revealed that aneuploid nuclei were detected in cells with an epithelial phenotype only, whereas all fibrous cells were diploid. Immunohistochemistry for @entity876 on specimens from 25 @entity1 revealed moderate or strong immunoreactivity in 12 @entity5 (48%) restricted to the epithelial cells. Loss of heterozygosity at the @entity876 locus could be confirmed in the epithelial component of an immunohistochemically @entity876 -positive @entity5 . Additionally, sections of 7 lung metastases were studied histologically. Only keratin-positive epithelial cells, predominantly in the spindle cell pattern, were present in these metastases, whereas the osteofibrous tissue present in the @entity5 was not detected. These results suggest that either @entity7197 consists of a malignant epithelial part with a reactive @entity9051 or that the malignant epithelial cells develop next to a proliferating benign fibrous component. Additional analysis of common @entity74 in the fibrous and epithelial cells of @entity7197 is therefore indicated.

title: DNA aberrations in the epithelial cell component of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7197 :: ('MESH:D050398', 'Disease') :: ['adamantinoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['biphasic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'primary tumors', 'malignant tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity52362 :: ('MESH:C562741', 'Disease') :: ['Adamantinoma of long bones']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9051 :: ('MESH:C563276', 'Disease') :: ['osteofibrous stroma']

answer: @entity52362 :: (MESH:C562741,Disease) :: ['adamantinoma of long bones']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Catheter ablation has become a well-established therapy for isthmus-dependent right @entity956 ( @entity956 ). Recently, mapping and ablation of @entity956 have been performed using sophisticated three-dimensional mapping systems, such as electroanatomic and noncontact mapping systems. The LocaLisa system enables nonfluoroscopic navigation of intracardiac electrode catheters based on impedance changes related to catheter movements in transthoracic current fields. The aim of this randomized prospective study was to compare the efficacy of the LocaLisa system with the conventional mapping/ablation approach for radiofrequency ablation of @entity956 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 with @entity956 (39 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ; age 65 +/- 10 years) were studied. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to undergo radiofrequency ablation guided by a conventional fluoroscopy-based approach (24 @entity1 ) or by the LocaLisa system (26 @entity1 ). Ablation success rate and documentation of bidirectional isthmus block were 100% in both groups. Compared with fluoroscopy-guided approaches, LocaLisa-guided procedures demonstrated a reduction in total fluoroscopy time from 15.9 +/- 10.6 minutes to 7.5 +/- 6.5 minutes (P < 0.005). Total fluoroscopy dosage was reduced from 21.0 +/- 19.8 to 8.7 +/- 9.5 Gycm2 (P < 0.05). Fluoroscopy time required for ablation was significantly shortened in the LocaLisa group (2.6 +/- 2.6 min) compared with the conventional approach group (11 +/- 10 min, P < 0.0005). In 9 (35%) of 26 @entity1 , the ablation could be performed with a fluoroscopy time < or = 1 minute. There were no significant differences with regard to the number of radiofrequency applications, fluoroscopy time needed for diagnostic reasons, total procedure time, or other ablation data. CONCLUSION: Compared with the conventional approach, the LocaLisa system significantly reduces the fluoroscopy times needed for ablation of typical @entity956 .

title: LocaLisa catheter navigation reduces fluoroscopy time and dosage in ablation of XXXX : a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AFL']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: PURPOSE: Comparative analysis of cardiac weight (CW) in @entity1 with @entity102 , with or without @entity4801 by @entity1527 in the @entity10163 ( @entity10163 ). METHODS: The CW has been studied in 96 necropsied individuals with @entity102 . Among them, 48 of them had @entity1527 nests on the wall of the @entity10163 and the other 48 @entity1 did not have nests in the @entity10163 . Later, this sample was paired for sex, age and anatomo-clinical form, resulting in 60 @entity1 . Among these @entity1 , 30 of them had @entity1527 nests on the walls of the @entity10163 and the other 30 did not have. RESULTS: The CW of @entity1526 @entity1 which had nests of @entity1527 in the @entity10163 , was 484.8 +/- 146.0g, while in the ones that did not have the nests on the walls of the @entity10163 , the CW weight was 415.8 +/- 125.3g. This difference was statistically significant. In the first group it had a prevail of @entity712 . Subsequently to the @entity13635 for sex, age and anatomo-clinical form, the CW was respectively 464.3 +/- 146.2g and 436.0 +/- 108.9g. This difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the @entity4801 in the @entity10163 , combined with other possible events intrinsic to the @entity102 @entity1 ' hearts, carries a supporting role in the increasing of the cardiac weight and in the congestive @entity299 .

title: [Cardiac weight in @entity1 with @entity102 with XXXX nests in the central vein of the adrenal glands].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity10163 :: ('MESH:D000307', 'Disease') :: ['CVAG', 'central vein of the adrenal gland']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: PURPOSE: Comparative analysis of cardiac weight (CW) in @entity1 with @entity102 , with or without @entity4801 by @entity1527 in the @entity10163 ( @entity10163 ). METHODS: The CW has been studied in 96 necropsied individuals with @entity102 . Among them, 48 of them had @entity1527 nests on the wall of the @entity10163 and the other 48 @entity1 did not have nests in the @entity10163 . Later, this sample was paired for sex, age and anatomo-clinical form, resulting in 60 @entity1 . Among these @entity1 , 30 of them had @entity1527 nests on the walls of the @entity10163 and the other 30 did not have. RESULTS: The CW of @entity1526 @entity1 which had nests of @entity1527 in the @entity10163 , was 484.8 +/- 146.0g, while in the ones that did not have the nests on the walls of the @entity10163 , the CW weight was 415.8 +/- 125.3g. This difference was statistically significant. In the first group it had a prevail of @entity712 . Subsequently to the @entity13635 for sex, age and anatomo-clinical form, the CW was respectively 464.3 +/- 146.2g and 436.0 +/- 108.9g. This difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the @entity4801 in the @entity10163 , combined with other possible events intrinsic to the @entity102 @entity1 ' hearts, carries a supporting role in the increasing of the cardiac weight and in the congestive @entity299 .

title: [Cardiac weight in @entity1 with XXXX with @entity1527 nests in the central vein of the adrenal glands].

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic Chagas disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Comparative analysis of cardiac weight (CW) in @entity1 with @entity102 , with or without @entity4801 by @entity1527 in the @entity10163 ( @entity10163 ). METHODS: The CW has been studied in 96 necropsied individuals with @entity102 . Among them, 48 of them had @entity1527 nests on the wall of the @entity10163 and the other 48 @entity1 did not have nests in the @entity10163 . Later, this sample was paired for sex, age and anatomo-clinical form, resulting in 60 @entity1 . Among these @entity1 , 30 of them had @entity1527 nests on the walls of the @entity10163 and the other 30 did not have. RESULTS: The CW of @entity1526 @entity1 which had nests of @entity1527 in the @entity10163 , was 484.8 +/- 146.0g, while in the ones that did not have the nests on the walls of the @entity10163 , the CW weight was 415.8 +/- 125.3g. This difference was statistically significant. In the first group it had a prevail of @entity712 . Subsequently to the @entity13635 for sex, age and anatomo-clinical form, the CW was respectively 464.3 +/- 146.2g and 436.0 +/- 108.9g. This difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the @entity4801 in the @entity10163 , combined with other possible events intrinsic to the @entity102 @entity1 ' hearts, carries a supporting role in the increasing of the cardiac weight and in the congestive @entity299 .

title: [Cardiac weight in XXXX with @entity102 with @entity1527 nests in the central vein of the adrenal glands].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In clinical routine, some @entity1 show a bilateral hyperactive response of the @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ). The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether these @entity1 also show @entity2915 of the linear VOR (LVOR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 10 @entity1 with a hyperactive @entity2194 (total amplitude of post-rotatory nystagmus > 400 degrees per 30 s) and 10 healthy subjects the @entity2194 (stopped after 180 s of rotation at 90 degrees/s) and vertical LVOR (amplitude 5 cm, frequency 1.2 Hz) were tested with eyes open in the dark. During vertical linear acceleration, each subject was instructed to look at an earth-fixed target and they performed vertical smooth pursuit as stationary observers. RESULTS: The mean eye velocity of the @entity2194 was significantly higher in the @entity1 than the healthy subjects (19 vs 5 degrees/s; p = 0.00016). During vertical linear acceleration in darkness (49 vs 23 degrees/s; p = 0.004) and combined maculo-visual stimulation (88 vs 52 degrees/s; p = 0.007) the @entity1 showed a significantly higher mean vertical eye velocity. When vertical smooth pursuit was performed, no significant differences were registered. All 20 subjects showed a significant (p = 0.01) positive Spearmnan correlation (rs = 0.79) between the eye velocities of @entity2194 and LVOR. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with a hyperactive @entity2194 also showed @entity2915 of the LVOR. Because two different sensory end organs and neuronal pathways are involved in these responses, a central rather than a peripheral @entity394 must be held responsible.

title: The vertical linear vestibulo-ocular reflex in XXXX with a hyperactive response during horizontal angular acceleration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular lesion']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['AVOR', 'angular vestibulo-ocular reflex']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3041 , reflux and @entity177 are serious complications that occur in @entity1 with @entity1494 associated with @entity9960 . When the bladder compliance is lost, it is imperative to carry out surgery aimed at reducing bladder storage pressure. An ileocystoplasty, and for @entity1 not suitable for intermittent catheterization, using the Mitrofanoff principle to form a continent stoma and the subsequent closure of the bladder neck, can be used. We report here, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, an association between two previously described techniques (the Mitrofanoff principle and the technique of Monti), that can solve the problem of a short appendix in @entity28 @entity1 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 33-year-old male Caucasian @entity1 with @entity9960 and @entity1494 developed @entity1494 (4.0 mL/cm @entity2507 ) while still maintaining normal renal function. A @entity1494 (ileocystoplasty) with continent derivation principle (Mitrofanoff) was performed. During surgery, we found that the @entity1 's appendix was too short and was insufficient to reach the skin. We decided to make an association between the Mitrofanoff conduit and the ileal technique of Monti, through which we performed an @entity254 of the distal stump of the appendix to the bladder (with an antireflux valve). Later, the proximal stump of the appendix was anastomosed to an ileal segment of 2.0 cm that was open longitudinally and reconfigured transversally (Monti technique), modeled by a 12-Fr urethral catheter, and finally, the distal stump was sutured at the @entity1 's navel.After the procedure, a suprapubic cystostomy (22 Fr) and a Foley catheter (10 Fr) through the continent conduit were left in place. The @entity1 had recovered well and was discharged on the tenth day after surgery. He remained with the Foley catheter (through the conduit) for 21 days and cystostomy for 30 days. Six months after surgery he was continent with good bladder compliance without reflux and fully adapted to catheterization through the navel. CONCLUSION: The unpublished association between the Mitrofanoff and Monti techniques is feasible and a very useful alternative in urologic cases of derivation continent in which the @entity24386 is too short to reach the skin (i.e., in @entity28 @entity1 ).

title: Using Mitrofanoff's principle and Monti's technique as a surgical option for XXXX with a continent stoma: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity24386 :: ('MESH:D044504', 'Disease') :: ['ileocecal appendix']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder', 'low bladder compliance', 'bladder augmentation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['Hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['myelomeningocele']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder augmentation']


abstract: We used naming and pointing tests and a proverb completion task to compare two cases of @entity2026 that exhibited a selective disturbance of word processing. One @entity1 had @entity5547 with word comprehension difficulty due to partial ablation of the left temporal lobe and the other @entity1 had @entity2026 due to @entity194 with left temporal predominance. We presented 90 pictures of common objects divided into 9 categories in the naming and pointing tests, and used 10 well-known Japanese proverbs as stimuli in the proverb completion task. Performance of the naming and pointing tests was severely impaired in both @entity1 . In the @entity1 with @entity5547 , words the @entity1 could not name or point to varied from session to session and phonemic cue effects were frequently observed. The proverb completion phenomenon was positive. These findings indicate that the @entity1 had an obstruction of the access route to the intact word store or a partial rarefaction of the word store itself. In the @entity1 with @entity2026 , the words the @entity1 could not name or point to were consistent from one occasion to another, and no phonemic cue effects or signs of familiarity were observed at all. The proverb completion phenomenon was totally negative. These findings indicate that the @entity1 has lost the word store itself. MR images in the case of @entity5547 revealed a lesion extending from the anterior to the central portion of the inferior part of the left temporal lobe. In the case of @entity2026 , the MR images displayed knife-edged focal @entity194 in the anterior aspect of both temporal lobes, more prominently on the left.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Comparison between @entity5547 with word comprehension difficulty and XXXX due to @entity194 ].

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['aphasia', 'Gogi aphasia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'lobar atrophy']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['Gogi aphasia']


abstract: We used naming and pointing tests and a proverb completion task to compare two cases of @entity2026 that exhibited a selective disturbance of word processing. One @entity1 had @entity5547 with word comprehension difficulty due to partial ablation of the left temporal lobe and the other @entity1 had @entity2026 due to @entity194 with left temporal predominance. We presented 90 pictures of common objects divided into 9 categories in the naming and pointing tests, and used 10 well-known Japanese proverbs as stimuli in the proverb completion task. Performance of the naming and pointing tests was severely impaired in both @entity1 . In the @entity1 with @entity5547 , words the @entity1 could not name or point to varied from session to session and phonemic cue effects were frequently observed. The proverb completion phenomenon was positive. These findings indicate that the @entity1 had an obstruction of the access route to the intact word store or a partial rarefaction of the word store itself. In the @entity1 with @entity2026 , the words the @entity1 could not name or point to were consistent from one occasion to another, and no phonemic cue effects or signs of familiarity were observed at all. The proverb completion phenomenon was totally negative. These findings indicate that the @entity1 has lost the word store itself. MR images in the case of @entity5547 revealed a lesion extending from the anterior to the central portion of the inferior part of the left temporal lobe. In the case of @entity2026 , the MR images displayed knife-edged focal @entity194 in the anterior aspect of both temporal lobes, more prominently on the left.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Comparison between @entity5547 with word comprehension difficulty and @entity2026 due to XXXX ].

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['lobar atrophy']


abstract: We used naming and pointing tests and a proverb completion task to compare two cases of @entity2026 that exhibited a selective disturbance of word processing. One @entity1 had @entity5547 with word comprehension difficulty due to partial ablation of the left temporal lobe and the other @entity1 had @entity2026 due to @entity194 with left temporal predominance. We presented 90 pictures of common objects divided into 9 categories in the naming and pointing tests, and used 10 well-known Japanese proverbs as stimuli in the proverb completion task. Performance of the naming and pointing tests was severely impaired in both @entity1 . In the @entity1 with @entity5547 , words the @entity1 could not name or point to varied from session to session and phonemic cue effects were frequently observed. The proverb completion phenomenon was positive. These findings indicate that the @entity1 had an obstruction of the access route to the intact word store or a partial rarefaction of the word store itself. In the @entity1 with @entity2026 , the words the @entity1 could not name or point to were consistent from one occasion to another, and no phonemic cue effects or signs of familiarity were observed at all. The proverb completion phenomenon was totally negative. These findings indicate that the @entity1 has lost the word store itself. MR images in the case of @entity5547 revealed a lesion extending from the anterior to the central portion of the inferior part of the left temporal lobe. In the case of @entity2026 , the MR images displayed knife-edged focal @entity194 in the anterior aspect of both temporal lobes, more prominently on the left.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Comparison between XXXX with word comprehension difficulty and @entity2026 due to @entity194 ].

answer: @entity5547 :: (MESH:D000849,Disease) :: ['anomia']


abstract: We assessed the anatomical findings and auditory comprehension of six @entity1 with @entity5785 due to medical lesions of the @entity75 . All @entity1 were right-handed and were initially mute for several hours after the onset, and they exhibited mild paresis of the right lower extremity. Their spontaneous speech was sparse and not fluent, and sometimes accompanied by @entity12862 , but their articulation was normal and repetition was excellent. They had difficulty in recalling words. A diagnosis of @entity5785 was made on the basis of their clinical symptoms. All @entity1 were found to have an @entity1188 in the left medial frontal region by MRI and/or CT. We administered the Western Aphasia Battery and 50 line drawing pointing task in order to evaluate auditory comprehension. Based on the results we concluded that there is no @entity1650 of single words when lesions are limited to the superior frontal gyrus, but that lesions extending to the middle frontal gyrus interfere with auditory comprehension of single words. Our observations indicate that the middle frontal gyrus plays an important role in auditory comprehension of single words. All of the @entity1 displayed @entity1650 of sentences even when their lesions were strictly limited to the medial frontal lobe. This suggests that the medial frontal lobe plays some role in the auditory comprehension of sentences.

title: [Auditory comprehension in XXXX due to a medial lesions of the @entity75 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of auditory comprehension', 'impaired auditory comprehension']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['transcortical motor aphasia']

answer: @entity5785 :: (MESH:D001039,Disease) :: ['transcortical motor aphasia']


abstract: We assessed the anatomical findings and auditory comprehension of six @entity1 with @entity5785 due to medical lesions of the @entity75 . All @entity1 were right-handed and were initially mute for several hours after the onset, and they exhibited mild paresis of the right lower extremity. Their spontaneous speech was sparse and not fluent, and sometimes accompanied by @entity12862 , but their articulation was normal and repetition was excellent. They had difficulty in recalling words. A diagnosis of @entity5785 was made on the basis of their clinical symptoms. All @entity1 were found to have an @entity1188 in the left medial frontal region by MRI and/or CT. We administered the Western Aphasia Battery and 50 line drawing pointing task in order to evaluate auditory comprehension. Based on the results we concluded that there is no @entity1650 of single words when lesions are limited to the superior frontal gyrus, but that lesions extending to the middle frontal gyrus interfere with auditory comprehension of single words. Our observations indicate that the middle frontal gyrus plays an important role in auditory comprehension of single words. All of the @entity1 displayed @entity1650 of sentences even when their lesions were strictly limited to the medial frontal lobe. This suggests that the medial frontal lobe plays some role in the auditory comprehension of sentences.

title: [Auditory comprehension in @entity5785 due to a medial lesions of the XXXX ].

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['left frontal lobe']


abstract: Chemical sympathectomy with @entity2997 (Gnt) selectively destroys the postganglionic noradrenergic neurons, whereas dopaminergic fibers and nonneural @entity2922 -secreting cells are spared. As a result, the relative proportions of @entity1063 (NE), @entity1425 (E), and @entity935 (DA) in tissues can be differentially affected. This study was done to show the possible differences in the relative amount of @entity2661 in some organs and tissues that might indicate the nature of the secretory cells from which they originate. The contents of NE, E, and DA were assessed in @entity35 neonatally treated with Gnt. Gnt-treated @entity35 showed significantly lower levels of NE (P < 0.01) in all tissues except the adrenal gland and paraganglia. @entity1425 was present in all tissues with mean levels below 25 ng/g, with the exception of the adrenal gland (700 microg/gland) and paraganglia (100 ng/g). Only the heart showed lower values in Gnt-treated @entity35 . Mean DA levels were also very high in paraganglia (530 ng/g). In the Gnt-treated @entity35 , DA levels fell practically to zero except in the duodenum, mesentery, and adrenal, whereas there were high levels in the paraganglia, which were significantly different from controls. The results suggest that the three @entity2661 are contained mainly in noradrenergic sympathetic fibers of muscle, white adipose tissue, heart, liver, pancreas, and spleen. The duodenum and mesentery may have dopaminergic fibers or E- and DA-containing nonneural cells. Hepatic-vagus paraganglia contain all the @entity2661 in relatively high amounts in nonneural cells, and Gnt treatment raises DA levels without affecting the other @entity4478 .

title: @entity1425 and @entity935 colocalization with XXXX in various peripheral tissues: @entity2997 effects.

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: Chemical sympathectomy with @entity2997 (Gnt) selectively destroys the postganglionic noradrenergic neurons, whereas dopaminergic fibers and nonneural @entity2922 -secreting cells are spared. As a result, the relative proportions of @entity1063 (NE), @entity1425 (E), and @entity935 (DA) in tissues can be differentially affected. This study was done to show the possible differences in the relative amount of @entity2661 in some organs and tissues that might indicate the nature of the secretory cells from which they originate. The contents of NE, E, and DA were assessed in @entity35 neonatally treated with Gnt. Gnt-treated @entity35 showed significantly lower levels of NE (P < 0.01) in all tissues except the adrenal gland and paraganglia. @entity1425 was present in all tissues with mean levels below 25 ng/g, with the exception of the adrenal gland (700 microg/gland) and paraganglia (100 ng/g). Only the heart showed lower values in Gnt-treated @entity35 . Mean DA levels were also very high in paraganglia (530 ng/g). In the Gnt-treated @entity35 , DA levels fell practically to zero except in the duodenum, mesentery, and adrenal, whereas there were high levels in the paraganglia, which were significantly different from controls. The results suggest that the three @entity2661 are contained mainly in noradrenergic sympathetic fibers of muscle, white adipose tissue, heart, liver, pancreas, and spleen. The duodenum and mesentery may have dopaminergic fibers or E- and DA-containing nonneural cells. Hepatic-vagus paraganglia contain all the @entity2661 in relatively high amounts in nonneural cells, and Gnt treatment raises DA levels without affecting the other @entity4478 .

title: XXXX and @entity935 colocalization with @entity1063 in various peripheral tissues: @entity2997 effects.

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['Epinephrine']


abstract: Chemical sympathectomy with @entity2997 (Gnt) selectively destroys the postganglionic noradrenergic neurons, whereas dopaminergic fibers and nonneural @entity2922 -secreting cells are spared. As a result, the relative proportions of @entity1063 (NE), @entity1425 (E), and @entity935 (DA) in tissues can be differentially affected. This study was done to show the possible differences in the relative amount of @entity2661 in some organs and tissues that might indicate the nature of the secretory cells from which they originate. The contents of NE, E, and DA were assessed in @entity35 neonatally treated with Gnt. Gnt-treated @entity35 showed significantly lower levels of NE (P < 0.01) in all tissues except the adrenal gland and paraganglia. @entity1425 was present in all tissues with mean levels below 25 ng/g, with the exception of the adrenal gland (700 microg/gland) and paraganglia (100 ng/g). Only the heart showed lower values in Gnt-treated @entity35 . Mean DA levels were also very high in paraganglia (530 ng/g). In the Gnt-treated @entity35 , DA levels fell practically to zero except in the duodenum, mesentery, and adrenal, whereas there were high levels in the paraganglia, which were significantly different from controls. The results suggest that the three @entity2661 are contained mainly in noradrenergic sympathetic fibers of muscle, white adipose tissue, heart, liver, pancreas, and spleen. The duodenum and mesentery may have dopaminergic fibers or E- and DA-containing nonneural cells. Hepatic-vagus paraganglia contain all the @entity2661 in relatively high amounts in nonneural cells, and Gnt treatment raises DA levels without affecting the other @entity4478 .

title: @entity1425 and XXXX colocalization with @entity1063 in various peripheral tissues: @entity2997 effects.

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Chemical sympathectomy with @entity2997 (Gnt) selectively destroys the postganglionic noradrenergic neurons, whereas dopaminergic fibers and nonneural @entity2922 -secreting cells are spared. As a result, the relative proportions of @entity1063 (NE), @entity1425 (E), and @entity935 (DA) in tissues can be differentially affected. This study was done to show the possible differences in the relative amount of @entity2661 in some organs and tissues that might indicate the nature of the secretory cells from which they originate. The contents of NE, E, and DA were assessed in @entity35 neonatally treated with Gnt. Gnt-treated @entity35 showed significantly lower levels of NE (P < 0.01) in all tissues except the adrenal gland and paraganglia. @entity1425 was present in all tissues with mean levels below 25 ng/g, with the exception of the adrenal gland (700 microg/gland) and paraganglia (100 ng/g). Only the heart showed lower values in Gnt-treated @entity35 . Mean DA levels were also very high in paraganglia (530 ng/g). In the Gnt-treated @entity35 , DA levels fell practically to zero except in the duodenum, mesentery, and adrenal, whereas there were high levels in the paraganglia, which were significantly different from controls. The results suggest that the three @entity2661 are contained mainly in noradrenergic sympathetic fibers of muscle, white adipose tissue, heart, liver, pancreas, and spleen. The duodenum and mesentery may have dopaminergic fibers or E- and DA-containing nonneural cells. Hepatic-vagus paraganglia contain all the @entity2661 in relatively high amounts in nonneural cells, and Gnt treatment raises DA levels without affecting the other @entity4478 .

title: @entity1425 and @entity935 colocalization with @entity1063 in various peripheral tissues: XXXX effects.

answer: @entity2997 :: (MESH:D006145,Chemical) :: ['guanethidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the one-year mortality and incidence of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) post-hospital discharge or ED release for @entity1 with @entity2072 -associated @entity662 . METHODS: A prospective, observational study of an inception cohort of consecutive @entity1 who presented to one of four municipal hospital EDs with @entity2072 -associated @entity662 . @entity1 were followed for one year from the end of the enrollment period. Main outcome parameters were the one-year actuarial survival and the frequency of nonfatal @entity583 . RESULTS: Mortality data were available for all 203 @entity1 at a mean of 408 days. Additional clinical information was available for 185 @entity1 (91%). There were six deaths (one-year actuarial survival 98%; 95% CI, 95-100%); none from @entity583 . Nonfatal @entity583 occurred in two @entity1 (1%; 95% CI, 0-2%). Continued @entity2072 use was common (60%; 95% CI, 52-68%) and was associated with recurrent @entity662 (75% vs 31%, p < 0.0001). No @entity583 or @entity204 was reported for @entity1 who claimed to have ceased @entity2072 use. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who presented with @entity2072 -associated @entity662 commonly continued to use @entity2072 after discharge. Urgent evaluation of coronary anatomy or cardiac stress tests may not be necessary for @entity1 for whom @entity583 is ruled out and who do not have recurrent potentially @entity158 . The subsequent risk for @entity583 and @entity204 in this group appears to be low. Intervention strategies should emphasize cessation of @entity2072 use.

title: XXXX -associated @entity662 : one-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['Cocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the one-year mortality and incidence of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) post-hospital discharge or ED release for @entity1 with @entity2072 -associated @entity662 . METHODS: A prospective, observational study of an inception cohort of consecutive @entity1 who presented to one of four municipal hospital EDs with @entity2072 -associated @entity662 . @entity1 were followed for one year from the end of the enrollment period. Main outcome parameters were the one-year actuarial survival and the frequency of nonfatal @entity583 . RESULTS: Mortality data were available for all 203 @entity1 at a mean of 408 days. Additional clinical information was available for 185 @entity1 (91%). There were six deaths (one-year actuarial survival 98%; 95% CI, 95-100%); none from @entity583 . Nonfatal @entity583 occurred in two @entity1 (1%; 95% CI, 0-2%). Continued @entity2072 use was common (60%; 95% CI, 52-68%) and was associated with recurrent @entity662 (75% vs 31%, p < 0.0001). No @entity583 or @entity204 was reported for @entity1 who claimed to have ceased @entity2072 use. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who presented with @entity2072 -associated @entity662 commonly continued to use @entity2072 after discharge. Urgent evaluation of coronary anatomy or cardiac stress tests may not be necessary for @entity1 for whom @entity583 is ruled out and who do not have recurrent potentially @entity158 . The subsequent risk for @entity583 and @entity204 in this group appears to be low. Intervention strategies should emphasize cessation of @entity2072 use.

title: @entity2072 -associated XXXX : one-year follow-up.

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of @entity1 with @entity156 is increasing. Lipid treatment guidelines are established for low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (non-HDL-C). The importance of treating HDL-C and @entity1674 is gaining recognition. OBJECTIVE: To determine, in @entity1 who had been treated previously with @entity3413 40 mg/day, the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of two regimens of a combination of proprietary @entity1670 , extended-release core, coated with 40 mg/day @entity3413 (NER/S), compared to 80 mg/day @entity3413 monotherapy (S80). METHODS: High-risk @entity1 (n = 343) with @entity2299 were treated for 24 weeks with NER/S (1000/40 mg/day or 2000/40 mg/day) or S80. RESULTS: Median percentage change from baseline to week 24 in non-HDL-C in either NER/S group was noninferior to S80 (-11.3%, -17.1%, and -10.1%, respectively). Changes in LDL-C were comparable (-8.6%, -11.6%, and -12.7%, respectively). Doubling the dose of @entity3413 (S80) did not alter HDL-C, @entity1674 , or lipoprotein(a); however, both NER/S doses resulted in significant improvements in all three parameters (+21.9%, -31.8%, and -21.0%, respectively, for NER/S 2000/40 mg/day). The safety of NER/S was consistent with the safety profile of each individual component. Treatment with both doses of NER/S was well tolerated; 59% of @entity1 experienced @entity1671 , 78% of @entity1671 was mild or moderate in intensity, 49% of those who flushed during dose titration did not flush during weeks 13 to 24, and only 4.6% of @entity1 discontinued because of @entity1671 . CONCLUSION: NER/S provides similar reductions in non-HDL-C and LDL-C compared to doubling the @entity3413 dose to 80 mg; however, only NER/S resulted in improvements in HDL-C, @entity1674 , and lipoprotein(a).

title: Comparison of the efficacy and safety of a combination tablet of niacin extended-release and XXXX with @entity3413 80 mg monotherapy: the SEACOAST II (high-dose) study.

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['simvastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of @entity1 with @entity156 is increasing. Lipid treatment guidelines are established for low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (non-HDL-C). The importance of treating HDL-C and @entity1674 is gaining recognition. OBJECTIVE: To determine, in @entity1 who had been treated previously with @entity3413 40 mg/day, the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of two regimens of a combination of proprietary @entity1670 , extended-release core, coated with 40 mg/day @entity3413 (NER/S), compared to 80 mg/day @entity3413 monotherapy (S80). METHODS: High-risk @entity1 (n = 343) with @entity2299 were treated for 24 weeks with NER/S (1000/40 mg/day or 2000/40 mg/day) or S80. RESULTS: Median percentage change from baseline to week 24 in non-HDL-C in either NER/S group was noninferior to S80 (-11.3%, -17.1%, and -10.1%, respectively). Changes in LDL-C were comparable (-8.6%, -11.6%, and -12.7%, respectively). Doubling the dose of @entity3413 (S80) did not alter HDL-C, @entity1674 , or lipoprotein(a); however, both NER/S doses resulted in significant improvements in all three parameters (+21.9%, -31.8%, and -21.0%, respectively, for NER/S 2000/40 mg/day). The safety of NER/S was consistent with the safety profile of each individual component. Treatment with both doses of NER/S was well tolerated; 59% of @entity1 experienced @entity1671 , 78% of @entity1671 was mild or moderate in intensity, 49% of those who flushed during dose titration did not flush during weeks 13 to 24, and only 4.6% of @entity1 discontinued because of @entity1671 . CONCLUSION: NER/S provides similar reductions in non-HDL-C and LDL-C compared to doubling the @entity3413 dose to 80 mg; however, only NER/S resulted in improvements in HDL-C, @entity1674 , and lipoprotein(a).

title: Comparison of the efficacy and safety of a combination tablet of niacin extended-release and @entity3413 with XXXX 80 mg monotherapy: the SEACOAST II (high-dose) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['simvastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduced uteroplacental perfusion, the initiating event in @entity1468 , is associated with enhanced @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) production which feeds the vasoconstriction of uterine artery. Whether the treatments of @entity1468 were effective on @entity2232 induced contraction and could reverse placental @entity63 is the question addressed in this study. We investigated the effect of antihypertensive drugs used in @entity1468 and of ET receptor antagonists on the contractile response to @entity2232 on @entity1 uterine arteries. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Experiments were performed, ex vivo, on @entity1 uterine artery samples obtained after hysterectomy. We studied variations in isometric tension of arterial rings in response to the vasoconstrictor @entity2232 and evaluated the effects of various vasodilators and ET-receptor antagonists on this response. Among antihypertensive drugs, only @entity19346 were effective in blocking and reversing the @entity2232 contractile response. Their efficiency, independent of the concentration of @entity2232 , was only partial. @entity2514 , @entity12833 and @entity6555 had no effect on @entity2232 induced contraction which is mediated by both @entity2231 and @entity1627 receptors in uterine artery. ET receptors antagonists, @entity11344 and @entity11345 , slightly reduced the amplitude of the response to @entity2232 . Combination of both antagonists was more efficient, but it was not possible to reverse the maximal @entity2232 -induced contraction with antagonists used alone or in combination. CONCLUSION: Pharmacological drugs currently used in the context of @entity1468 , do not reverse @entity2232 induced contraction. Only @entity19346 , which partially relax uterine artery previously contracted with @entity2232 , might offer interesting perspectives to improve placental perfusion.

title: Endothelin-dependent vasoconstriction in @entity1 uterine artery: application to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity19346 :: ('MESH:D004095', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridines']

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['labetalol']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity12833 :: ('MESH:D008750', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyldopa']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduced uteroplacental perfusion, the initiating event in @entity1468 , is associated with enhanced @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) production which feeds the vasoconstriction of uterine artery. Whether the treatments of @entity1468 were effective on @entity2232 induced contraction and could reverse placental @entity63 is the question addressed in this study. We investigated the effect of antihypertensive drugs used in @entity1468 and of ET receptor antagonists on the contractile response to @entity2232 on @entity1 uterine arteries. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Experiments were performed, ex vivo, on @entity1 uterine artery samples obtained after hysterectomy. We studied variations in isometric tension of arterial rings in response to the vasoconstrictor @entity2232 and evaluated the effects of various vasodilators and ET-receptor antagonists on this response. Among antihypertensive drugs, only @entity19346 were effective in blocking and reversing the @entity2232 contractile response. Their efficiency, independent of the concentration of @entity2232 , was only partial. @entity2514 , @entity12833 and @entity6555 had no effect on @entity2232 induced contraction which is mediated by both @entity2231 and @entity1627 receptors in uterine artery. ET receptors antagonists, @entity11344 and @entity11345 , slightly reduced the amplitude of the response to @entity2232 . Combination of both antagonists was more efficient, but it was not possible to reverse the maximal @entity2232 -induced contraction with antagonists used alone or in combination. CONCLUSION: Pharmacological drugs currently used in the context of @entity1468 , do not reverse @entity2232 induced contraction. Only @entity19346 , which partially relax uterine artery previously contracted with @entity2232 , might offer interesting perspectives to improve placental perfusion.

title: Endothelin-dependent vasoconstriction in XXXX uterine artery: application to @entity1468 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is the primary report of the large-scale evaluation of @entity61790 , an orally administered IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, a unique trial with respect to the platelet antagonist, protocol design, and inclusion of @entity66 in a significant proportion of @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity455 were randomized to @entity61790 30 or 50 mg BID on the basis of age and predicted @entity1011 clearance or placebo in addition to @entity117 at a dose ranging from 75 to 325 mg/d at the discretion of the physician-investigator. Follow-up was for up to 2 years. The primary end point was the composite of all-cause mortality, @entity583 , @entity64 , recurrent @entity63 requiring hospitalization, and urgent revascularization. Of 9190 @entity1 enrolled from 23 countries and 690 hospitals, 41% had @entity66 at the time of entry, and 59% had @entity453 . @entity204 occurred in 2.3% of placebo-assigned @entity1 and 3.0% of @entity61790 -group @entity1 (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.72, P=0.026), and the cause of excess @entity204 was vascular related. There was no significant difference in the primary end point (17.5% compared with 16.4%, respectively; hazard ratio 0.94, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.03, P=0.19). Serious @entity548 was more frequent in the @entity61790 group (8.0% compared with 2.8%; P<0.001). Serious @entity548 was more common among @entity1 who received higher doses of @entity117 (>162 mg/d), with or without @entity61790 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity61790 , an orally administered platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blocker, induced a 33% increase in @entity204 rate, which was vascular in origin and not affected by the type of @entity731 involvement at entry to the trial. Although the dose of @entity117 was not randomly assigned, the finding of increased @entity548 with doses >162 mg/d is noteworthy.

title: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international trial of the oral IIb/IIIa antagonist XXXX in coronary and @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity61790 :: ('MESH:C412702', 'Chemical') :: ['Lotrafiban', 'lotrafiban']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity61790 :: (MESH:C412702,Chemical) :: ['lotrafiban']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is the primary report of the large-scale evaluation of @entity61790 , an orally administered IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, a unique trial with respect to the platelet antagonist, protocol design, and inclusion of @entity66 in a significant proportion of @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity455 were randomized to @entity61790 30 or 50 mg BID on the basis of age and predicted @entity1011 clearance or placebo in addition to @entity117 at a dose ranging from 75 to 325 mg/d at the discretion of the physician-investigator. Follow-up was for up to 2 years. The primary end point was the composite of all-cause mortality, @entity583 , @entity64 , recurrent @entity63 requiring hospitalization, and urgent revascularization. Of 9190 @entity1 enrolled from 23 countries and 690 hospitals, 41% had @entity66 at the time of entry, and 59% had @entity453 . @entity204 occurred in 2.3% of placebo-assigned @entity1 and 3.0% of @entity61790 -group @entity1 (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.72, P=0.026), and the cause of excess @entity204 was vascular related. There was no significant difference in the primary end point (17.5% compared with 16.4%, respectively; hazard ratio 0.94, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.03, P=0.19). Serious @entity548 was more frequent in the @entity61790 group (8.0% compared with 2.8%; P<0.001). Serious @entity548 was more common among @entity1 who received higher doses of @entity117 (>162 mg/d), with or without @entity61790 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity61790 , an orally administered platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blocker, induced a 33% increase in @entity204 rate, which was vascular in origin and not affected by the type of @entity731 involvement at entry to the trial. Although the dose of @entity117 was not randomly assigned, the finding of increased @entity548 with doses >162 mg/d is noteworthy.

title: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international trial of the oral IIb/IIIa antagonist @entity61790 in coronary and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure @entity148 and @entity308 in long term survivors of @entity0 . DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Follow up of the trial of early detection of @entity0 in the South West Surrey Health District. SUBJECTS: 331 @entity1 with @entity0 aged 50-78, attending mammographic follow up, who had been invited to screening before diagnosis, and 584 controls who had attended the same clinic but did not have @entity0 . The sample included 290 pairs matched by screening attendance pattern and year of birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity148 and @entity308 scores on the Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 Scale. RESULTS: Significantly fewer symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 were reported by @entity1 with @entity5 than by controls and significantly fewer had high scores suggesting the presence of psychological morbidity meriting treatment. Among the @entity1 with @entity5 was more common at the first annual follow up than at later visits. Symptom scores were not significantly related to the manner of detection or to the type of initial treatment. Potentially confounding social and personal factors did not account for the differences between @entity1 with @entity5 and controls. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity148 and @entity308 is not increased in long term survivors of @entity0 who are apparently free from disease and is not substantially affected by the manner in which a @entity5 is detected or by the treatment given. In the light of these findings it is difficult to justify large "quality adjustments" to the estimates of recurrence-free years of life saved by screening. Those who counsel @entity1 with @entity0 should be aware that although the initial distress can be severe, meriting psychological treatment, @entity1 do recover their normal ability to enjoy life.

title: Is psychological wellbeing impaired in long-term survivors of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer anxiety']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: @entity8511 could be considered an expression of atypical @entity158 . The recent neuropathological findings in BMS may suggest the need for alternative therapies. This paper aims to evaluate if systemic @entity2951 could be used for BMS the- rapy. METHODS: Eighty-four BMS @entity1 (19 males and 63 females, aged 36 to 74 years, mean 54.6) were referred to the Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology Department, Dental University Institute, Milan-Bicocca University. They were divided in 2 groups: 1(st) Group: the first group (42 @entity1 ) received 3 capsules of @entity2951 (50 mg of powder of red pepper with 0,25% of @entity2951 ) a day for one month. 2(nd) Group: the control group (42 @entity1 ) received 3 capsules of placebo (empty capsules) a day for one month. The intensity of @entity158 was measured on the visuo-analogical scale VAS. T test of Student was applied to analyse results of VAS. P values of less than 0.05 were interpreted as significant, and the level in confidence intervals was 95%. RESULTS: Significant differences were noted between the two groups at the end of our study (p<0.05). No important side effects were reported. CONCLUSION: Systemic @entity2951 could be considered a successful therapeutical approach for BMS @entity1 .

title: [Preliminary protocol for systemic administration of XXXX for the treatment of the @entity8511 ].

entities_list: @entity8511 :: ('MESH:D002054', 'Disease') :: ['Burning mouth syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['capsaicin']


abstract: AIM: @entity8511 could be considered an expression of atypical @entity158 . The recent neuropathological findings in BMS may suggest the need for alternative therapies. This paper aims to evaluate if systemic @entity2951 could be used for BMS the- rapy. METHODS: Eighty-four BMS @entity1 (19 males and 63 females, aged 36 to 74 years, mean 54.6) were referred to the Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology Department, Dental University Institute, Milan-Bicocca University. They were divided in 2 groups: 1(st) Group: the first group (42 @entity1 ) received 3 capsules of @entity2951 (50 mg of powder of red pepper with 0,25% of @entity2951 ) a day for one month. 2(nd) Group: the control group (42 @entity1 ) received 3 capsules of placebo (empty capsules) a day for one month. The intensity of @entity158 was measured on the visuo-analogical scale VAS. T test of Student was applied to analyse results of VAS. P values of less than 0.05 were interpreted as significant, and the level in confidence intervals was 95%. RESULTS: Significant differences were noted between the two groups at the end of our study (p<0.05). No important side effects were reported. CONCLUSION: Systemic @entity2951 could be considered a successful therapeutical approach for BMS @entity1 .

title: [Preliminary protocol for systemic administration of @entity2951 for the treatment of the XXXX ].

answer: @entity8511 :: (MESH:D002054,Disease) :: ['burning mouth syndrome']


abstract: Cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies have implicated many chromosomal aberrations in the pathogenesis of @entity2 . Deletions on 3p and 9p are presently the primary target for positional cloning of putative @entity5 suppressor genes. We have recently reported frequent loss of heterozygosity in three separate regions (HRAS, D11S12, D11S16) on 11p in freshly resected @entity2 specimens. Here we report cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses of 26 permanently growing @entity1 @entity2 cell lines. Deletions indicating regions which may harbor potential @entity5 suppressor genes were found in 5/9 cell lines on 2p, 5/9 on 2q, 6/9 on 3p, 7/9 on 3q, 5/9 on 6q, 3/9 on 9p, 5/9 on 11p, and 6/9 on 13q. Reduction to hemizygosity or a statistically significant increase in the frequency of homozygosity on 11p was found for all markers investigated except for @entity39649 ( @entity72882 ). Eight of twenty-six (31%) cell lines were hemizygous for D11S12 and 9/26 (35%) for D11S16. Seventeen of eighteen (94%) cell lines were homozygous for @entity461 (expected homozygosity, 53%), 15/15 (100%) for @entity8587 (expected homozygosity, 55%), and 16/18 (89%) for CAT (expected homozygosity, 50%). These results confirm the notion that 11p harbors several putative @entity5 suppressor genes which may become inactivated at different stages of @entity5 development and progression. They also provide a basis for selecting cell lines for genetic complementation specifically targeted at the regions described.

title: Multiple chromosomal aberrations and 11p allelotyping in XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the interventional treatment of @entity717 , the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus ( @entity2277 ) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) are the most relevant electrode targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS). This study tested the value of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) for the functional identification of @entity2277 and STN. METHODS: Median nerve SEP were recorded from the final stimulation electrodes targeted at STN and @entity2277 . Throughout the stereotactic procedure SEP were recorded during short electrode stops above STN/ @entity2277 and within the presumed target areas. After digital filtering, high and low frequency SEP components were analysed separately to parameterise both the 1000 Hz SEP burst and low frequency (<100 Hz) components. RESULTS: SEP recorded in the @entity2277 target region could unequivocally be distinguished from SEP recorded in STN. The 1000 Hz burst signal was significantly larger in @entity2277 than in STN without any overlap of amplitude values. In the low frequency band, a primary high amplitude negativity was obtained in @entity2277 , contrasting with a low amplitude positivity in STN. SEP waveshapes in recordings above target positions resembled SEP obtained in STN. When entering @entity2277 , a sharp amplitude increase was observed over a few millimetres only. CONCLUSIONS: Based on SEP criteria, the @entity2277 target but not the STN region can be identified by typical SEP configuration changes, when penetrating the target zone. The approach is independent of the @entity1 's cooperation and vigilance and therefore feasible in general anaesthesia. It provides an easy, reliable, and robust tool for the final assessment of electrode positions at the last instance during electrode implantation when eventual electrode revisions can easily be performed.

title: Identification of target areas for deep brain stimulation in XXXX basal ganglia substructures based on median nerve sensory evoked potential criteria.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The operative treatment of 77 @entity1 with @entity731 of the pararenal aorta (54 juxtarenal and 23 suprarenal) is analyzed. Repair of these complex lesions is formidable because of difficult exposure, @entity8 and @entity296 as a result of proximal @entity432 , and associated @entity8 with @entity8 . Nineteen (25%) @entity1 were normotensive with normal renal function. Sixteen @entity1 (21%) had @entity101 alone and 42 (54%) were @entity101 with @entity8 . There were @entity8 in 22% of @entity1 . Aortic reconstruction involved infrarenal graft in 27 @entity1 (35%), infrarenal graft plus pararenal aortic endarterectomy (TEA) in 26 (34%), and infra- and pararenal aortic graft in 24 (31%). Twenty-two @entity1 (30%) had normal renal arteries and therefore no renal reconstruction. Of the 55 @entity1 who required combined aortic and renal artery repair, 24 required renal artery repair because of involvement of the renal arteries by the @entity439 and 31 because of @entity8 . TEA was the most common technique of renal artery repair (54 of 93 arteries, 58%), followed by reimplantation (18 arteries) and prosthetic graft (13). The perioperative mortality rate was 1.3%. The perioperative morbidity rate was 28% and consisted principally of @entity177 (23%). This was usually transient (44%) and (89%) mild. Renal morbidity was adversely affected by @entity8 status, severity of @entity8 and extent of renal revascularization. Following reconstruction, @entity101 was cured or improved in 77% of @entity1 and @entity8 was cured or improved in 46% and stabilized in an additional 39% of @entity1 . These results show that combined @entity449 repair and renal artery reconstruction can be performed with minimal mortality and an acceptable morbidity. Aggressive intraoperative monitoring is necessary to minimize @entity296 . Careful attention must be paid to the technical details of the reconstruction, especially in minimizing @entity8 , to reduce the subsequent incidence of @entity177 .

title: Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia', 'renal atherosclerosis', 'multiple renal arteries', 'atherosclerotic renal artery disease', 'renal artery disease', 'secondary renal functional impairment', 'abnormal renal function']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial complications', 'myocardial strain']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency', 'renal function deterioration']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['pararenal aneurysms of the abdominal aorta']


abstract: Reperfusional damage refers to the serious structural, functional, and metabolic derangements commonly observed during restoration of coronary circulation following cardiopulmonary bypass. Damage is believed to result from @entity63 incurred during aortic cross-clamping and unmasked in the recovery period and/or certain metabolic processes activated during postischemic reperfusion. It has been postulated that reperfusional damage can be minimized or eliminated if normal myocardial metabolic parameters can be maintained or restored before the initiation of reperfusion. Studies have tested a variety of @entity13875 and administration modes. However, much controversy exists over the different methods. We have tested the hypothesis that improved myocardial protection during cardioplegia can prevent reperfusional damage and investigated the possibility of achieving optimal myocardial protection. Elective @entity1167 was induced in isolated perfused @entity35 hearts, under working conditions reported previously. We tested two arresting temperatures (8 degrees C and 28 degrees C), three infusion frequencies (single, double, and multiple dose), and different combinations of cardioplegic additives with demonstrated benefits ( @entity413 , @entity859 , @entity908 , and albumin). Metabolic and hemodynamic functions were used to evaluate the protection of the @entity63 . @entity413 (0.5%) and @entity859 (1 mmol/L) provided clear benefits under all experimental conditions. Double-dose cardioplegia at 8 degrees C also surpassed the single- and multiple-dose groups. When oxygenated cardioplegic solution containing @entity413 and @entity859 was reinfused for 1 minute after 30 minutes of cross-clamping, no measurable changes were detected after @entity63 , as compared with normal hearts. Reperfusional damage was eliminated by this procedure. We concluded that an optimal condition for myocardial preservation during elective @entity1167 in our model was established.

title: Prevention of reperfusional damage from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemic myocardium', 'ischemic arrest']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity13875 :: ('MESH:D058617', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic solution compositions']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic myocardium']


abstract: The authors present the results of surgical treatment in 165 @entity1 with nontumoral @entity1276 , treated during a period of 11 years. The minimum period of follow-up was 1 year. The results in the group of @entity1 treated with a ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt were compared to those obtained in the group with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. 45% of @entity1 with VA shunts had one or more revisions, against 51% of @entity1 with VP shunts. However, the incidence of revisions after 6 months from primary insertion was lower in the VP-shunted @entity1 . Most revisions were due to @entity5033 : obstruction of the ventricular or abdominal catheter was the commonest finding. Among complications, the most serious was constituted by @entity281 (11% of cases). Most @entity281 occurred at less than 2 months from surgery and were caused mainly by Staphylococci. 31% of infected @entity1 died. Other frequent complications were due to shunt tubing lost in abdomen or in the ventricles and subdural @entity1410 . The overall mortality rate in the whole group was 18%, while the shunt-related mortality rate was 10.9%. Complications were more frequent in the VP-shunted @entity1 , but were less than in VA-shunted @entity1 and accounted for a lower mortality rate. Complications and mortality rate were prevalent in the @entity1 presenting congenital communicating @entity1276 or myelomeningocele. It is concluded that VP shunt is preferable to VA shunt in the treatment of infantile @entity1276 .

title: Results of treatment with XXXX in infantile nontumoral @entity1276 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'shunt infection']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['shunt malfunction']

answer: @entity5033 :: (MESH:C562451,Disease) :: ['ventriculoatrial and ventriculoperitoneal shunt']


abstract: The authors present the results of surgical treatment in 165 @entity1 with nontumoral @entity1276 , treated during a period of 11 years. The minimum period of follow-up was 1 year. The results in the group of @entity1 treated with a ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt were compared to those obtained in the group with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. 45% of @entity1 with VA shunts had one or more revisions, against 51% of @entity1 with VP shunts. However, the incidence of revisions after 6 months from primary insertion was lower in the VP-shunted @entity1 . Most revisions were due to @entity5033 : obstruction of the ventricular or abdominal catheter was the commonest finding. Among complications, the most serious was constituted by @entity281 (11% of cases). Most @entity281 occurred at less than 2 months from surgery and were caused mainly by Staphylococci. 31% of infected @entity1 died. Other frequent complications were due to shunt tubing lost in abdomen or in the ventricles and subdural @entity1410 . The overall mortality rate in the whole group was 18%, while the shunt-related mortality rate was 10.9%. Complications were more frequent in the VP-shunted @entity1 , but were less than in VA-shunted @entity1 and accounted for a lower mortality rate. Complications and mortality rate were prevalent in the @entity1 presenting congenital communicating @entity1276 or myelomeningocele. It is concluded that VP shunt is preferable to VA shunt in the treatment of infantile @entity1276 .

title: Results of treatment with @entity5033 in infantile nontumoral XXXX .

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: 1. @entity2332 to a temperature of 30 degrees C was induced in both shivering and non-shivering groups of @entity235 . 2. There was a sustained increase in @entity26 consumption in the @entity235 allowed to shiver and this was up to 300% greater than the @entity26 consumption in the relaxed @entity235 . 3. The increased tissue requirement for @entity26 was met both by @entity5691 and increased @entity26 extraction from haemoglobin. 4. @entity26 utilization remained adequate in @entity2332 , as shown by the absence of @entity520 . 5. Heart rate fell during cooling and @entity64 volume increased to meet the increased @entity26 demands associated with shivering during the induction of @entity2332 .

title: Cooling responses in shivering and non-shivering @entity235 during induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: 1. @entity2332 to a temperature of 30 degrees C was induced in both shivering and non-shivering groups of @entity235 . 2. There was a sustained increase in @entity26 consumption in the @entity235 allowed to shiver and this was up to 300% greater than the @entity26 consumption in the relaxed @entity235 . 3. The increased tissue requirement for @entity26 was met both by @entity5691 and increased @entity26 extraction from haemoglobin. 4. @entity26 utilization remained adequate in @entity2332 , as shown by the absence of @entity520 . 5. Heart rate fell during cooling and @entity64 volume increased to meet the increased @entity26 demands associated with shivering during the induction of @entity2332 .

title: Cooling responses in shivering and non-shivering XXXX during induced @entity2332 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: There is evidence that the @entity1066 is associated with rectal prolapse either overt or internal. The anterior rectal wall is affected in most cases and a modified abdominal rectopexy has been used with the aim of supporting both the anterior and posterior aspects of the rectum. Fourteen @entity1 aged 19-70 years (mean 34.2 years) in whom conservative treatment has failed, have been treated by anteroposterior rectopexy. Tenesmus, @entity548 and the passage of mucus have been abolished or greatly improved in 12, 14 and 13 @entity1 respectively. The number of attempts to defaecate per 24 h has fallen from 8.7 +/- 1.4(s.e.m.) pre-operatively to 3.4 +/- 1.0(s.e.m.) postoperatively (P less than 0.05) and the time spent in the lavatory has been reduced from 146 +/- 18(s.e.m.) min to 15 +/- 3(s.e.m.) min. Two @entity1 have developed severe @entity1142 postoperatively and two others have had persistent or recurrent tenesmus. Combined anteroposterior rectopexy has improved 12 out of 14 @entity1 with the solitary @entity1066 without external rectal prolapse when assessed at 2-48 months postoperatively.

title: Anteroposterior rectopexy in the treatment of XXXX without overt rectal prolapse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer syndrome', 'solitary rectal ulcer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['solitary rectal ulcer syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The treatment of @entity3620 remains a therapeutic challenge, with median survival rates of about 12 months and local failure rates of up to 80%. Our institution recently published results showing that extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) followed by hemithoracic radiation yielded excellent local control. This paper reports our technique for high-dose hemithoracic radiation after EPP. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2001, 35 @entity1 with @entity3620 were treated with EPP followed by hemithoracic radiation therapy (median dose: 54 Gy, range: 45-54 Gy) at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. EPP was defined as en bloc resection of the entire pleura, lung, and diaphragm with or without resection of the pericardium. The radiation therapy target volume was the entire hemithorax, including the pleural folds and the thoracotomy and chest tube incision sites. @entity1 were treated with a total dose of 5400 cGy delivered in 30 fractions of 180 cGy. Radiation therapy was well tolerated, and @entity137 data are described. RESULTS: Of the 35 @entity1 analyzed, 29 @entity1 were male, and 18 had right-sided @entity5 . Twenty-six had epithelioid histologies. UICC stage was I in 4, II in 11, III in 19, and IV in 1 @entity1 . As shown by axial and sagittal isodose distributions, we were able to deliver adequate doses to the target volume while limiting dose to critical structures such as heart, spinal cord, liver, and stomach. The most common @entity137 were RTOG Grades 1 and 2 @entity390 and @entity391 , as well as lung, esophageal, and @entity137 . CONCLUSION: Extrapleural pneumonectomy followed by high-dose hemithoracic radiation therapy is a feasible treatment regimen that is well tolerated for @entity1 with @entity3620 . We have demonstrated adequate dose distributions, using a combined photon and electron technique with blocking of critical normal structures.

title: Hemithoracic radiation after extrapleural pneumonectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicities', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: To explore the pathophysiology of the @entity3166 caused by @entity6582 in the newborn @entity235 , the effect of acute @entity6582 on fibrinogen disappearance rate was studied in 38 puppies (3-14 days). All pups received an exchange transfusion removing 65 ml/kg of blood and transfusing 85 ml/kg of either whole blood (control, resulting hematocrit = 37), or packed red blood cells ( @entity6582 , resulting hematocrit = 68). @entity3166 was found in 15 of 19 polycythemic and four of 19 control pups (p less than 0.01). 125I fibrinogen and Evan's blue (an albumin marker) were injected 2 h after transfusion and the concentration of clottable labeled fibrinogen and albumin tracer were measured at 1/2 and 2 h after injection. The fraction of the tracer that disappeared over the 1 1/2-h period was calculated. In the polycythemic group 45 +/- 18 SD% of the clottable fibrinogen disappeared versus only 28 +/- 15% in the control group (p less than 0.01). In the polycythemic group 36 +/- 21% of the albumin tracer disappeared versus 31 +/- 12% in the control group (NS). Thus @entity6582 in the newborn @entity235 is associated with an @entity101 of clottable fibrinogen not associated with a general increase in protein disappearance rate. Thus an @entity1003 is evident in the polycythemic animals. Whether this @entity1003 is the cause of the @entity3166 or is secondary to the @entity3166 seen in this animal model cannot be determined from this experiment.

title: Acute XXXX increases the disappearance rate of clottable fibrinogen in the newborn @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['Necrotizing enterocolitis', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased disappearance rate']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulopathy', 'coagulopathy']

answer: @entity6582 :: (MESH:D011086,Disease) :: ['polycythemia']


abstract: To explore the pathophysiology of the @entity3166 caused by @entity6582 in the newborn @entity235 , the effect of acute @entity6582 on fibrinogen disappearance rate was studied in 38 puppies (3-14 days). All pups received an exchange transfusion removing 65 ml/kg of blood and transfusing 85 ml/kg of either whole blood (control, resulting hematocrit = 37), or packed red blood cells ( @entity6582 , resulting hematocrit = 68). @entity3166 was found in 15 of 19 polycythemic and four of 19 control pups (p less than 0.01). 125I fibrinogen and Evan's blue (an albumin marker) were injected 2 h after transfusion and the concentration of clottable labeled fibrinogen and albumin tracer were measured at 1/2 and 2 h after injection. The fraction of the tracer that disappeared over the 1 1/2-h period was calculated. In the polycythemic group 45 +/- 18 SD% of the clottable fibrinogen disappeared versus only 28 +/- 15% in the control group (p less than 0.01). In the polycythemic group 36 +/- 21% of the albumin tracer disappeared versus 31 +/- 12% in the control group (NS). Thus @entity6582 in the newborn @entity235 is associated with an @entity101 of clottable fibrinogen not associated with a general increase in protein disappearance rate. Thus an @entity1003 is evident in the polycythemic animals. Whether this @entity1003 is the cause of the @entity3166 or is secondary to the @entity3166 seen in this animal model cannot be determined from this experiment.

title: Acute @entity6582 increases the disappearance rate of clottable fibrinogen in the newborn XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: PURPOSE: Chemoradiation based on @entity900 , most commonly weekly, is the standard treatment of locally advanced cervical @entity5 ; however, the nephrotoxic potential and the requirement for hydration of @entity900 somewhat restrains its use. The objective of this study was to determine the recommended dose of @entity3003 when administered weekly during pelvic @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-four histologically proven, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IIIB @entity1 were treated with standard pelvic @entity1161 concurrently with six weekly applications of @entity3003 at the following dose levels: 100 mg/m(2), 116 mg/m(2), 133 mg/m(2), and 150 mg/m(2). Six @entity1 per level were treated. Acute @entity137 was assessed according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria. The recommended dose was defined as the one that was one level below the level at which dose-limiting @entity137 was present in more than one-third of @entity1 . RESULTS: Between September 2001 and July 2002, 24 @entity1 were accrued. All but two completed external beam radiotherapy and intracavitary treatment. The treatment was well tolerated. The median number of weekly applications of @entity3003 was six, and the mean dose to points A and B was 85.6 Gy (range 75.2-91.6) and 62.9 Gy (range 58.2-74.6), respectively. @entity1161 was delivered within 41.7 days (range 33-70). Dose-limiting @entity137 ( @entity1431 and/or @entity1398 ) was present in 50% of @entity1 treated at the higher dose level (150 mg/m(2)). At the recommended dose of 133 mg/m(2), 33% of @entity1 presented with Grade 3 @entity1431 . At treatment completion, 75% of @entity1 had a complete clinical response. CONCLUSION: @entity3003 at 133 mg/m(2), weekly for 6 weeks, is a well tolerated and effective radiosensitizer in cervical @entity5 @entity1 .

title: A phase I study of XXXX concurrent with @entity1161 in FIGO stage IIIB cervix uteri carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Chemoradiation based on @entity900 , most commonly weekly, is the standard treatment of locally advanced cervical @entity5 ; however, the nephrotoxic potential and the requirement for hydration of @entity900 somewhat restrains its use. The objective of this study was to determine the recommended dose of @entity3003 when administered weekly during pelvic @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-four histologically proven, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IIIB @entity1 were treated with standard pelvic @entity1161 concurrently with six weekly applications of @entity3003 at the following dose levels: 100 mg/m(2), 116 mg/m(2), 133 mg/m(2), and 150 mg/m(2). Six @entity1 per level were treated. Acute @entity137 was assessed according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria. The recommended dose was defined as the one that was one level below the level at which dose-limiting @entity137 was present in more than one-third of @entity1 . RESULTS: Between September 2001 and July 2002, 24 @entity1 were accrued. All but two completed external beam radiotherapy and intracavitary treatment. The treatment was well tolerated. The median number of weekly applications of @entity3003 was six, and the mean dose to points A and B was 85.6 Gy (range 75.2-91.6) and 62.9 Gy (range 58.2-74.6), respectively. @entity1161 was delivered within 41.7 days (range 33-70). Dose-limiting @entity137 ( @entity1431 and/or @entity1398 ) was present in 50% of @entity1 treated at the higher dose level (150 mg/m(2)). At the recommended dose of 133 mg/m(2), 33% of @entity1 presented with Grade 3 @entity1431 . At treatment completion, 75% of @entity1 had a complete clinical response. CONCLUSION: @entity3003 at 133 mg/m(2), weekly for 6 weeks, is a well tolerated and effective radiosensitizer in cervical @entity5 @entity1 .

title: A phase I study of @entity3003 concurrent with XXXX in FIGO stage IIIB cervix uteri carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation']


abstract: Although nonoperative management is the standard initial treatment in @entity1 with @entity130 , this therapeutic option has been exercised infrequently in adults. Over the past two years we have hospitalized and observed 11 hemodynamically stable adults with @entity130 and no other significant injury. Ten @entity1 sustained @entity130 localized to the left upper quadrant, and one @entity1 was stabbed in the left flank. Eight @entity1 were normotensive on hospital arrival, while three had an initial systolic blood pressure of 90 to 98 mm Hg. All @entity1 remained normotensive after receiving 2 liters of crystalloid fluid IV. Nine @entity1 had an initial hemoglobin level of 11.1 to 14.0 gm/dl, and two a level of less than 10 gm/dl. Liver-spleen scan done in ten @entity1 yielded true-positive results in eight, false-positive results in one, and false-negative results in one. In the 11th @entity1 , a celiac arteriogram showed a @entity4558 . Three @entity1 had laparotomy 27 to 43 hours after hospitalization, owing to a decreasing hemoglobin concentration; one required partial splenectomy. Eight @entity1 were successfully managed nonoperatively; only one required blood transfusion, and all tolerated oral alimentation by the second hospital day. All @entity1 were discharged by the 12th hospital day. Nonoperative management can be successfully applied to adults with isolated @entity130 .

title: XXXX in adults: selective nonoperative management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic defect']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'splenic trauma', 'blunt trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Splenic injuries']


abstract: Soft @entity242 continue to present problems with both local control of disease and @entity204 from distant metastases after accepted surgical therapy. Multimodality management has been established in the literature to be superior to traditional therapy of wide excision or amputation. The results of the treatment of 64 @entity1 at Oregon Health Sciences University using regional hyperthermic perfusion with @entity10841 mustard and @entity4316 , wide local excision and external radiation therapy are reviewed. Histologic tumor types included: 19 @entity1821 , 14 @entity1418 , eight @entity1492 , five @entity1822 , four @entity5 and 14 other @entity242 . Minimum follow-up study has been 24 months and the mean follow-up time is more than five years. One-third of the @entity1 presented with local recurrent disease after unsuccessful primary treatment. Over-all local recurrence for all @entity1 treated by a combination of the aforementioned modalities was 3.4 per cent at two years and 11.1 per cent at five years. The over-all survival rate for all @entity1 was 88 per cent at two years and 67 per cent at five years compared with a published over-all five year survival rate of 41 per cent. @entity1 with @entity1418 had both two and five year local recurrence rates of 7.7 per cent and survival rates at two and five years of 79 and 63 per cent, respectively. This is compared with a previously published over-all five year survival rate with @entity1418 of 46 per cent. The results with the treatment of @entity1821 were also superior to the published literature. Not only are the treatment results with regional hyperthermic perfusions excellent for both primary and locally recurrent @entity242 , but limbs previously considered unsalvagable can be spared.

title: Improved survival for soft tissue XXXX of the extremities by regional hyperthermic perfusion, local excision and radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['tissue sarcomas', 'sarcomas of the extremities']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity10841 :: ('CHEBI:58095', 'Chemical') :: ['l-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: D-Dimer measurement is a promising tool in the exclusion of @entity49 . New d-dimer assays have been introduced, but need clinical validation. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of four relatively new d-dimer assays and a classical ELISA in outpatients suspected for @entity1150 . In 537 @entity1 , @entity1 in a large prospective management study using a clinical probability score and a d-dimer measurement (Tina-quant), additional samples were taken for d-dimer measurement using the Asserachrom ELISA, the VIDAS New, the STA-LIA and the Miniquant assay. Performances of each test were calculated using clinical data during a 3-month follow-up. @entity715 was detected in 224 @entity1 (42%). The area under the ROC curve was significantly higher for the Tina-quant as compared to the other assays. Using standard cut-off values, sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV) and specificity of the Asserachrom were 97, 94 and 33%, respectively. For the VIDAS New, values were 100, 96 and 8%, respectively. The Tina-quant showed values of 99, 98 and 41%, respectively, and the STA-LIA 98, 95 and 32%. Values for the Miniquant were 95, 94 and 52%. The d-dimer assays in our study all show a high sensitivity and negative predictive value, but none of the assays reached an NPV of > 98% at standard cut-off values. d-Dimer assays with a low specificity still necessitate additional diagnostic tests in the majority of the @entity1 .

title: The usefulness of five D-dimer assays in the exclusion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']