abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the trends in incidence and mortality of out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA), as well as factors associated with OHCA outcomes in Taiwan. METHODS: Our study included OHCA @entity1 requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) upon arrival at the hospital. We used national time-series data on annual OHCA incidence rates and mortality rates from 2000 to 2012, and individual demographic and clinical data for all OHCA @entity1 requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) care from March of 2010 to September of 2011. Analytic techniques included the time-series regression and the logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 117,787 OHCAs in total. The overall incidence rate during the 13 years was 51.1 per 100,000 @entity1 , and the secular trend indicates a sharp increase in the early 2000s and a decrease afterwards. The trend in mortality was also curvilinear, revealing a substantial increase in the early 2000s, a subsequent steep decline and finally a modest increase. Both the 30-day and 180-day mortality rates had a long-term decreasing trend over the period (p<0.01). For both incidence and mortality rates, a significant second-order autoregressive effect emerged. Among OHCA @entity1 with MV, 1-day, 30-day and 180-day mortality rates were 31.3%, 75.8%, and 86.0%, respectively. In this cohort, older age, the female gender, and a Charlson comorbidity index score >=  2 were associated with higher 180-day mortality; @entity1 delivered to regional hospitals and those residing in non-metropolitan areas had higher death risk. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, both the 30-day and the 180-day mortality rates after OHCA had a long-term decreasing trend, while the 1-day mortality had no long-term decline. Among OHCA @entity1 requiring MV, those delivered to regional hospitals and those residing in non-metropolitan areas tended to have higher mortality, suggesting a need for effort to further standardize and improve in-hospital care across hospitals and to advance pre-hospital care in non-metropolitan areas.

title: The secular trends in the incidence rate and outcomes of out-of-hospital XXXX in Taiwan--a nationwide population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is the fourth most common @entity5 affecting @entity1 worldwide. Since 2006, two @entity1082 vaccines (HPVV) have been licensed to protect @entity1 against the virus that causes @entity5 . However, worldwide coverage remains unequal. Studies from the USA found strong evidence for differences in HPVV uptake by ethnicity and healthcare coverage. As the profile of ethnic groups and the healthcare system in the USA differ from countries in Europe where HPVV is free in most of the countries, we conducted a systematic review in order to analyze the determinants of HPVV uptake in Europe. METHODS: We performed a systematic Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct search to find articles published from HPVV availability in European countries until April 2014. No age restriction was applied. We included all studies assessing factors associated with HPVV uptake. Uptake refers to either initiation and/or completion of the three dose vaccination program. RESULTS: Out of the 23 eligible studies, 14 were retrospective reviews of data, six were cross-sectional surveys, and three were prospective cohort studies. Higher HPVV uptake was associated with ethnic majority populations, higher socio-economic status, regular cervical screening participation by the mother, and having received previous childhood vaccinations. CONCLUSION: Since the vaccine is offered for free in most of the European countries, the findings suggest that ethno-cultural and educational factors play an important role when it comes to HPVV uptake. @entity1 who were undervaccinated had also a lower uptake of standard childhood vaccines and mothers who were less likely to attend @entity5 screening. This may indicate that only few parents have specific concerns with HPVV, and that preventive health care should seek ways to target these vulnerable groups.

title: Determinants in the Uptake of the XXXX Vaccine: A Systematic Review Based on European Studies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human Papillomavirus']


abstract: @entity44913 nanoparticles ( @entity16773 NPs) are increasingly used in diverse applications that has raised concern about their safety. Recent studies suggested that @entity16773 NPs induced oxidative stress may be the cause of @entity137 in algae, Ceriodaphnia dubia, @entity2199 and @entity3392 . However, there is paucity on the @entity137 of @entity16773 NPs on fish cell lines. The current study was aimed to investigate @entity16773 NPs induced @entity137 , oxidative stress and morphological abnormality of Chinnok salmon cells (CHSE-214). A dose-dependent decline in cell viability was observed in CHSE-214 cells exposed to @entity16773 NPs. Oxidative stress induced by @entity16773 NPs in CHSE-214 cells has resulted in the significant reduction of @entity224 dismutase, catalase and @entity2041 in a dose-dependent manner. However, a significant increase in @entity2041 sulfo-transferase and lipid peroxidation was observed in CHSE-214 cells exposed to @entity16773 NPs in a dose-dependent manner. Significant morphological changes in CHSE-214 cells were observed when exposed to @entity16773 NPs at 6, 12 and 24   h. The cells started to detach and appear spherical at 6   h followed by loss of cellular contents resulting in the shrinking of the cells. At 24   h, the cells started to disintegrate and resulted in cell death. Our data demonstrate that @entity16773 NPs induce @entity137 and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner in CHSE-214 cells. Thus, our current work may serve as a base-line study for future evaluation of @entity137 studies using CHSE-214 cells.

title: @entity44913 nanoparticles induced morphological changes, XXXX and oxidative stress in Chinook salmon (CHSE-214) cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity44913 :: ('CHEBI:30187', 'Chemical') :: ['Aluminium oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: @entity44913 nanoparticles ( @entity16773 NPs) are increasingly used in diverse applications that has raised concern about their safety. Recent studies suggested that @entity16773 NPs induced oxidative stress may be the cause of @entity137 in algae, Ceriodaphnia dubia, @entity2199 and @entity3392 . However, there is paucity on the @entity137 of @entity16773 NPs on fish cell lines. The current study was aimed to investigate @entity16773 NPs induced @entity137 , oxidative stress and morphological abnormality of Chinnok salmon cells (CHSE-214). A dose-dependent decline in cell viability was observed in CHSE-214 cells exposed to @entity16773 NPs. Oxidative stress induced by @entity16773 NPs in CHSE-214 cells has resulted in the significant reduction of @entity224 dismutase, catalase and @entity2041 in a dose-dependent manner. However, a significant increase in @entity2041 sulfo-transferase and lipid peroxidation was observed in CHSE-214 cells exposed to @entity16773 NPs in a dose-dependent manner. Significant morphological changes in CHSE-214 cells were observed when exposed to @entity16773 NPs at 6, 12 and 24   h. The cells started to detach and appear spherical at 6   h followed by loss of cellular contents resulting in the shrinking of the cells. At 24   h, the cells started to disintegrate and resulted in cell death. Our data demonstrate that @entity16773 NPs induce @entity137 and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner in CHSE-214 cells. Thus, our current work may serve as a base-line study for future evaluation of @entity137 studies using CHSE-214 cells.

title: XXXX nanoparticles induced morphological changes, @entity137 and oxidative stress in Chinook salmon (CHSE-214) cells.

answer: @entity44913 :: (CHEBI:30187,Chemical) :: ['Aluminium oxide']


abstract: AIMS: The association between recent and more distant weight changes before and after the diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 has been little researched. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of @entity1 ' weight history before @entity6 diagnosis on the observed 6-year weight changes after diagnosis. METHODS: A clinical cohort study combined with self-reported past weight history. In total 885 @entity1 aged >= 40 years and newly diagnosed with clinical @entity164 2 @entity6 were included. Body weight was measured immediately after @entity6 diagnosis and again at the 6-year follow up examination (median, 5.7 years). At diagnosis @entity1 reported their weight 1 year and 10 years previously, and also at the age of 20. Multivariate linear regression analyses controlled for 20 baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis was 63.2 (53.9; 71.4) years. Median body weight was 80.0 (72.0; 90.0) kg 10 years before diagnosis, 85.0 (75.0; 95.0) kg 1 year before diagnosis, 82.4 (72.0; 94.0) kg at diagnosis, and 80.0 (70.0; 91.1) kg at 6-year follow up. Each kg of weight gain during the year preceding the diagnosis was associated with a weight change (95% CI) of -0.20 (-0.28; -0.13) kg during the follow up period. In all models age and body mass index at diagnosis predicted future weight changes, while the weight at age 20 (-0.01 (-0.06; 0.03) kg/kg), and the weight change from 10 years to 1 year before diagnosis (-0.01 (-0.06; 0.04) kg/kg), did not predict weight change after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: During the first on average 5.7 years after diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity1 generally follow a course of declining average weight, and these weight developments are related primarily to recent weight changes, body mass index, and age, but not to the more distant weight history.

title: Weight changes following the diagnosis of XXXX 2 @entity6 : the impact of recent and past weight history before diagnosis. results from the Danish @entity6 Care in General Practice (DCGP) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: AIMS: The association between recent and more distant weight changes before and after the diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 has been little researched. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of @entity1 ' weight history before @entity6 diagnosis on the observed 6-year weight changes after diagnosis. METHODS: A clinical cohort study combined with self-reported past weight history. In total 885 @entity1 aged >= 40 years and newly diagnosed with clinical @entity164 2 @entity6 were included. Body weight was measured immediately after @entity6 diagnosis and again at the 6-year follow up examination (median, 5.7 years). At diagnosis @entity1 reported their weight 1 year and 10 years previously, and also at the age of 20. Multivariate linear regression analyses controlled for 20 baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis was 63.2 (53.9; 71.4) years. Median body weight was 80.0 (72.0; 90.0) kg 10 years before diagnosis, 85.0 (75.0; 95.0) kg 1 year before diagnosis, 82.4 (72.0; 94.0) kg at diagnosis, and 80.0 (70.0; 91.1) kg at 6-year follow up. Each kg of weight gain during the year preceding the diagnosis was associated with a weight change (95% CI) of -0.20 (-0.28; -0.13) kg during the follow up period. In all models age and body mass index at diagnosis predicted future weight changes, while the weight at age 20 (-0.01 (-0.06; 0.03) kg/kg), and the weight change from 10 years to 1 year before diagnosis (-0.01 (-0.06; 0.04) kg/kg), did not predict weight change after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: During the first on average 5.7 years after diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity1 generally follow a course of declining average weight, and these weight developments are related primarily to recent weight changes, body mass index, and age, but not to the more distant weight history.

title: Weight changes following the diagnosis of @entity164 2 XXXX : the impact of recent and past weight history before diagnosis. results from the Danish @entity6 Care in General Practice (DCGP) study.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIMS: The association between recent and more distant weight changes before and after the diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 has been little researched. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of @entity1 ' weight history before @entity6 diagnosis on the observed 6-year weight changes after diagnosis. METHODS: A clinical cohort study combined with self-reported past weight history. In total 885 @entity1 aged >= 40 years and newly diagnosed with clinical @entity164 2 @entity6 were included. Body weight was measured immediately after @entity6 diagnosis and again at the 6-year follow up examination (median, 5.7 years). At diagnosis @entity1 reported their weight 1 year and 10 years previously, and also at the age of 20. Multivariate linear regression analyses controlled for 20 baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis was 63.2 (53.9; 71.4) years. Median body weight was 80.0 (72.0; 90.0) kg 10 years before diagnosis, 85.0 (75.0; 95.0) kg 1 year before diagnosis, 82.4 (72.0; 94.0) kg at diagnosis, and 80.0 (70.0; 91.1) kg at 6-year follow up. Each kg of weight gain during the year preceding the diagnosis was associated with a weight change (95% CI) of -0.20 (-0.28; -0.13) kg during the follow up period. In all models age and body mass index at diagnosis predicted future weight changes, while the weight at age 20 (-0.01 (-0.06; 0.03) kg/kg), and the weight change from 10 years to 1 year before diagnosis (-0.01 (-0.06; 0.04) kg/kg), did not predict weight change after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: During the first on average 5.7 years after diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity1 generally follow a course of declining average weight, and these weight developments are related primarily to recent weight changes, body mass index, and age, but not to the more distant weight history.

title: Weight changes following the diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 : the impact of recent and past weight history before diagnosis. results from the Danish XXXX Care in General Practice (DCGP) study.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: The clinical and histopathologic features of 29 eyes from 29 @entity1 with central @entity2994 (CRVO) are reported. A fresh or a recanalized @entity715 was observed in each eye. This study considers the temporal aspects of the cases, and it notes the different morphologic features of the occlusion. These observations explain most of the variability of the changes observed in previous reports. We believe that these different features represent the various stages in the natural evolution of such a @entity715 . The interval between CRVO and histopathologic study in our series ranged from six hours to more than 10 years. Local and systemic factors were reviewed and were found to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity715 formation. @entity66 with a predisposing effect on CRVO included: @entity726 , @entity1829 , @entity548 , @entity548 , and drusen of the optic nerve head. Associated systemic diseases included: @entity101 , @entity65 , @entity6 , and @entity1778 with @entity882 . A fresh @entity715 in the CRVO was observed in three (10.3%), and a recanalized @entity715 in 26 eyes (89.7%). Endothelial-cell proliferation was a conspicuous feature in 14 (48.3%) of the eyes. @entity32 in the area of the @entity715 , and/or vein wall or perivenular area was observed in 14 (48.3%) of the eyes. @entity432 was observed in seven eyes (24.6%). @entity1103 was found in 26 (89.7%) of the eyes.

title: Central XXXX : a prospective histopathologic study of 29 eyes in 28 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Local diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve hemorrhage', 'subdural hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['Cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 and @entity146 symptoms impact many aspects of the lives of @entity1 with @entity15 [ @entity15 ]. This literature is based largely on North American and Western European samples, and little is known about these aspects of @entity717 in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: RELACCEM is a longitudinal, multicenter study including @entity15 centers in Argentina, Chile, Columbia, Venezuela, Uruguay and Mexico. The goal is to determine the prevalence of @entity73 (two or more cognitive domains under the 5th percentile of healthy controls performance) and the full range of @entity146 in these regions, and how these symptoms relate to caregiver burden and employment. METHODS: @entity1 were 110 @entity1 with relapsing-remitting [RR] course and less than five years of disease duration. Thirty-four healthy controls were also recruited. All @entity1 were evaluated in one of 14 specialized centers. RESULTS: In additional to overall @entity16 , both cognition and @entity146 distinguished @entity1 and controls. The prevalence of @entity73 was 34.5% and 20.9% presented with clinically significant neuropsychiatric symptomatology. @entity73 was a significant predictor of employment status. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first multicenter epidemiological study of @entity15 -associated cognitive and @entity146 in Latin America. Results indicate that @entity73 and @entity308 and caregiver burden are already apparent at an early stage of the disease. The presence of @entity146 indicates the need for appropriate interventions as early as possible to mitigate psychosocial consequences of caregiver burden.

title: Cognitive and @entity146 among XXXX @entity1 from Latin America: Results of the RELACCEM study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric decline symptoms, fatigue, depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'neuropsychiatric abnormalities', 'neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disability']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['MS disability']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 and @entity146 symptoms impact many aspects of the lives of @entity1 with @entity15 [ @entity15 ]. This literature is based largely on North American and Western European samples, and little is known about these aspects of @entity717 in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: RELACCEM is a longitudinal, multicenter study including @entity15 centers in Argentina, Chile, Columbia, Venezuela, Uruguay and Mexico. The goal is to determine the prevalence of @entity73 (two or more cognitive domains under the 5th percentile of healthy controls performance) and the full range of @entity146 in these regions, and how these symptoms relate to caregiver burden and employment. METHODS: @entity1 were 110 @entity1 with relapsing-remitting [RR] course and less than five years of disease duration. Thirty-four healthy controls were also recruited. All @entity1 were evaluated in one of 14 specialized centers. RESULTS: In additional to overall @entity16 , both cognition and @entity146 distinguished @entity1 and controls. The prevalence of @entity73 was 34.5% and 20.9% presented with clinically significant neuropsychiatric symptomatology. @entity73 was a significant predictor of employment status. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first multicenter epidemiological study of @entity15 -associated cognitive and @entity146 in Latin America. Results indicate that @entity73 and @entity308 and caregiver burden are already apparent at an early stage of the disease. The presence of @entity146 indicates the need for appropriate interventions as early as possible to mitigate psychosocial consequences of caregiver burden.

title: Cognitive and XXXX among @entity15 @entity1 from Latin America: Results of the RELACCEM study.

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 and @entity146 symptoms impact many aspects of the lives of @entity1 with @entity15 [ @entity15 ]. This literature is based largely on North American and Western European samples, and little is known about these aspects of @entity717 in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: RELACCEM is a longitudinal, multicenter study including @entity15 centers in Argentina, Chile, Columbia, Venezuela, Uruguay and Mexico. The goal is to determine the prevalence of @entity73 (two or more cognitive domains under the 5th percentile of healthy controls performance) and the full range of @entity146 in these regions, and how these symptoms relate to caregiver burden and employment. METHODS: @entity1 were 110 @entity1 with relapsing-remitting [RR] course and less than five years of disease duration. Thirty-four healthy controls were also recruited. All @entity1 were evaluated in one of 14 specialized centers. RESULTS: In additional to overall @entity16 , both cognition and @entity146 distinguished @entity1 and controls. The prevalence of @entity73 was 34.5% and 20.9% presented with clinically significant neuropsychiatric symptomatology. @entity73 was a significant predictor of employment status. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first multicenter epidemiological study of @entity15 -associated cognitive and @entity146 in Latin America. Results indicate that @entity73 and @entity308 and caregiver burden are already apparent at an early stage of the disease. The presence of @entity146 indicates the need for appropriate interventions as early as possible to mitigate psychosocial consequences of caregiver burden.

title: Cognitive and @entity146 among @entity15 XXXX from Latin America: Results of the RELACCEM study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 colic, excessive crying of unknown cause, is a major burden to families and effects about 10-30  % of @entity1 . Despite decades of research, the exact cause and treatment of @entity1 colic has remained elusive. The use of @entity6374 (DSM 17938) in @entity1 colic is somewhat controversial and hence, we designed this study to evaluate its efficacy in infantile colic. We recruited predominantly or exclusively breastfed @entity1 , aged less than 4  months in a placebo controlled observational randomized study. @entity1 ' were assigned to receive @entity6374 at a dose 10(8) colony forming units (n  =  21) and placebo (n  =  21). Placebo was an identical formulation without live micro-organisms. Treatment was given to subjects for 21  days and they were followed for 4  weeks. Treatment success (primary outcome), daily reduction in crying time, parent satisfaction and @entity308 (secondary outcomes) were assessed at the end of study period. Treatment success was observed in all @entity1 (100  %) of the probiotic group while it was seen in 15.7  % of the placebo group. Mean daily crying time was more significantly reduced to 32.1      8.3  min/day (P  <  0.01) from 200.9      6.3  min/day in the probiotic group as compared to the placebo group (120.6      20.0  min/day). Moreover, throughout the study period, parent's satisfaction and improvement in maternal @entity308 (Edinburgh postnatal @entity308 scale) was also significantly higher in the probiotic group. In our study population, reduction in crying time was significant (P  <  0.01) even during first week of initiation of therapy. We conclude that @entity6374 (DSM 17938) reduces daily crying time and maternal @entity308 during infantile colic. We suggest @entity6374 may be a safe and efficacious option for reducing @entity1 colic.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX in infantile colic and colicky induced maternal @entity308 : a prospective single blind randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'infants', 'Participants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'reduction in maternal depression']

entities_list: @entity6374 :: ('1598', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus reuteri', 'L. reuteri']

answer: @entity6374 :: (1598,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus reuteri']


abstract: @entity1 colic, excessive crying of unknown cause, is a major burden to families and effects about 10-30  % of @entity1 . Despite decades of research, the exact cause and treatment of @entity1 colic has remained elusive. The use of @entity6374 (DSM 17938) in @entity1 colic is somewhat controversial and hence, we designed this study to evaluate its efficacy in infantile colic. We recruited predominantly or exclusively breastfed @entity1 , aged less than 4  months in a placebo controlled observational randomized study. @entity1 ' were assigned to receive @entity6374 at a dose 10(8) colony forming units (n  =  21) and placebo (n  =  21). Placebo was an identical formulation without live micro-organisms. Treatment was given to subjects for 21  days and they were followed for 4  weeks. Treatment success (primary outcome), daily reduction in crying time, parent satisfaction and @entity308 (secondary outcomes) were assessed at the end of study period. Treatment success was observed in all @entity1 (100  %) of the probiotic group while it was seen in 15.7  % of the placebo group. Mean daily crying time was more significantly reduced to 32.1      8.3  min/day (P  <  0.01) from 200.9      6.3  min/day in the probiotic group as compared to the placebo group (120.6      20.0  min/day). Moreover, throughout the study period, parent's satisfaction and improvement in maternal @entity308 (Edinburgh postnatal @entity308 scale) was also significantly higher in the probiotic group. In our study population, reduction in crying time was significant (P  <  0.01) even during first week of initiation of therapy. We conclude that @entity6374 (DSM 17938) reduces daily crying time and maternal @entity308 during infantile colic. We suggest @entity6374 may be a safe and efficacious option for reducing @entity1 colic.

title: Effectiveness of @entity6374 in infantile colic and colicky induced maternal XXXX : a prospective single blind randomized trial.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of muscle haematoma in @entity64 @entity1 . Muscle haematomas are rare complications that occur during antithrombotic treatment for acute @entity64 . Clinical and laboratory records of @entity64 @entity1 with @entity121 in the last 3.5years were retrospectively reviewed. Muscular haematoma developed in three of 694 (0.4%) consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity64 who were admitted to our institution. In addition, one outpatient presenting with muscle haematoma was found during the same period. The types of haematomas were @entity2896 in two @entity1 and iliopsoas haematoma in the remaining two. All three acute @entity1 received both antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies. The outpatient was treated with @entity1229 . Initial symptoms of haematoma included @entity158 (n=3) and @entity1163 (n=1). No @entity1 was correctly diagnosed at the onset of muscle haematoma. At initial examination of muscle haematoma, no @entity1 showed @entity272 . An ecchymosis developed in the abdominal area at an average of 3days after the initial symptoms. Mean decrease in haemoglobin was 6.8g/dL from baseline. None required surgery whereas two @entity1 required blood transfusion. Muscle haematomas in @entity64 patients receiving antithrombotic therapy are rare complications that are difficult to diagnose at onset. The possibility of muscle haematoma should be considered in @entity1 with @entity64 undergoing antithrombotic therapy and presenting with acute @entity158 and @entity1163 , even if skin manifestations or a palpable mass are lacking.

title: @entity121 due to antithrombotic treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['rectus sheath haematoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle haematomas']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of muscle haematoma in @entity64 @entity1 . Muscle haematomas are rare complications that occur during antithrombotic treatment for acute @entity64 . Clinical and laboratory records of @entity64 @entity1 with @entity121 in the last 3.5years were retrospectively reviewed. Muscular haematoma developed in three of 694 (0.4%) consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity64 who were admitted to our institution. In addition, one outpatient presenting with muscle haematoma was found during the same period. The types of haematomas were @entity2896 in two @entity1 and iliopsoas haematoma in the remaining two. All three acute @entity1 received both antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies. The outpatient was treated with @entity1229 . Initial symptoms of haematoma included @entity158 (n=3) and @entity1163 (n=1). No @entity1 was correctly diagnosed at the onset of muscle haematoma. At initial examination of muscle haematoma, no @entity1 showed @entity272 . An ecchymosis developed in the abdominal area at an average of 3days after the initial symptoms. Mean decrease in haemoglobin was 6.8g/dL from baseline. None required surgery whereas two @entity1 required blood transfusion. Muscle haematomas in @entity64 patients receiving antithrombotic therapy are rare complications that are difficult to diagnose at onset. The possibility of muscle haematoma should be considered in @entity1 with @entity64 undergoing antithrombotic therapy and presenting with acute @entity158 and @entity1163 , even if skin manifestations or a palpable mass are lacking.

title: XXXX due to antithrombotic treatment for @entity64 .

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['Muscle haematoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As there are no biological markers, a detailed description of symptoms, particularly temporal characteristics, is crucial when diagnosing @entity2795 . Hitherto these temporal aspects have not been studied in detail. METHODS: We conducted a prospective diary-aided study of the duration and the succession of aura symptoms and their temporal relationship with @entity10 . RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 completed the study recording in a diary the characteristics of three consecutive auras (n   =   162 auras). The median duration of @entity227 were 30, 20 and 20 minutes, respectively. @entity227 lasted for more than one hour in 14% of auras (n   =   158), sensory symptoms in 21% of auras (n   =   52), and dysphasic symptoms in 17% of auras (n   =   18). Twenty-six percent of @entity1 had at least one aura out of three with one symptom lasting for more than one hour. In aura with multiple symptoms the subsequent symptom, second versus first one or third versus second, might either start simultaneously (34 and 18%), during (37 and 55%), with the end (5 and 9%), or after (24 and 18%) the previous aura symptom. The @entity10 phase started before the aura (9%), simultaneously with the onset of aura (14%), during the aura (26%), simultaneously with the end of aura (15%) or after the end of aura (36%). CONCLUSION: We provide data to suggest that symptoms may last longer than one hour in a relevant proportion of auras or @entity2795 @entity1 , and that there is a high variability of scenarios in terms of time relationship among aura symptoms and between aura and @entity10 .

title: @entity2795 : Duration, succession and temporal relationship to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with aura', 'migraine aura']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual, sensory and dysphasic symptoms', 'Visual symptoms']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As there are no biological markers, a detailed description of symptoms, particularly temporal characteristics, is crucial when diagnosing @entity2795 . Hitherto these temporal aspects have not been studied in detail. METHODS: We conducted a prospective diary-aided study of the duration and the succession of aura symptoms and their temporal relationship with @entity10 . RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 completed the study recording in a diary the characteristics of three consecutive auras (n   =   162 auras). The median duration of @entity227 were 30, 20 and 20 minutes, respectively. @entity227 lasted for more than one hour in 14% of auras (n   =   158), sensory symptoms in 21% of auras (n   =   52), and dysphasic symptoms in 17% of auras (n   =   18). Twenty-six percent of @entity1 had at least one aura out of three with one symptom lasting for more than one hour. In aura with multiple symptoms the subsequent symptom, second versus first one or third versus second, might either start simultaneously (34 and 18%), during (37 and 55%), with the end (5 and 9%), or after (24 and 18%) the previous aura symptom. The @entity10 phase started before the aura (9%), simultaneously with the onset of aura (14%), during the aura (26%), simultaneously with the end of aura (15%) or after the end of aura (36%). CONCLUSION: We provide data to suggest that symptoms may last longer than one hour in a relevant proportion of auras or @entity2795 @entity1 , and that there is a high variability of scenarios in terms of time relationship among aura symptoms and between aura and @entity10 .

title: XXXX : Duration, succession and temporal relationship to @entity10 .

answer: @entity2795 :: (MESH:D020325,Disease) :: ['Migraine aura symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aim of the study was assessment of efficacy and safety of transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagal nerve (t-VNS) in the treatment of chronic @entity2704 . METHODS: A monocentric, randomized, controlled, double-blind study was conducted. After one month of baseline, chronic @entity2704 @entity1 were randomized to receive 25  Hz or 1  Hz stimulation of the sensory vagal area at the left ear by a handhold battery driven stimulator for 4  h/day during 3  months. @entity10 days per 28  days were compared between baseline and the last month of treatment and the number of days with acute medication was recorded The @entity10 Impact Test (HIT-6) and the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaires were used to assess @entity10 . RESULTS: Of 46 randomized @entity1 , 40 finished the study (per protocol). In the per protocol analysis, @entity1 in the 1  Hz group had a significantly larger reduction in @entity10 days per 28  days than @entity1 in the 25  Hz group (-7.0        4.6 vs. -3.3        5.4  days, p   =   0.035). 29.4  % of the @entity1 in the 1  Hz group had a >= 50  % reduction in @entity10 days vs. 13.3  % in the 25  Hz group. HIT-6 and MIDAS scores were significantly improved in both groups, without group differences. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSION: Treatment of chronic @entity2704 by t-VNS at 1  Hz was safe and effective. The mean reduction of @entity10 days after 12  weeks of treatment exceeded that reported for other nerve stimulating procedures.

title: Treatment of chronic XXXX with transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagal nerve (auricular t-VNS): a randomized, monocentric clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache-related disability', 'headache', 'Headache']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The syncytialization of cytotrophoblast cells to syncytiotrophoblast is central to @entity1 placental transport and hormone production. Many techniques for in vitro study of this process have been proposed and new investigators to the field may find the literature in the field daunting. Here, we present a straightforward and reliable method to establish this important model using modern but readily available tools and reagents. METHODS: Villous cytotrophoblast cells are obtained from term placenta using mild enzymatic degradation, Percoll gradient centrifugation, negative magnetic cell sorting using an antibody against classical major histocompatibility complex molecules and in vitro culture on a matrix-coated growth surface. RESULTS: The purity of isolated cytotrophoblast cells exceeds 98  % as assessed by @entity5822 expression using flow cytometry. Contamination by mesenchymal cells, extravillous trophoblast cells, leukocytes, Hofbauer and endothelial cells is minimized (less than 2  % when analyzed for @entity2277 , @entity6393 , @entity1195 , @entity11772 and @entity2279 using flow cytometry). Isolated cytotrophoblast cells began to aggregate into monolayers of mononucleated cells within about 12  h of plating. By 72  h in culture, most cytotrophoblast cells have differentiated into syncytiotrophoblast as demonstrated by a loss of intercellular @entity5962 expression upon fusion into multinucleated syncytia. After 72  h in culture, nearly every cultured cell expresses syncytiotrophoblast markers, including @entity5822 , @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin-b (b-hCG) and the fusion-related proteins @entity2430 ( @entity2430 ) and syncytin. CONCLUSIONS: We present an efficient and reliable method for isolating of cytotrophoblast cells with high purity and complete differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast in vitro.

title: Isolation, purification and in vitro differentiation of cytotrophoblast cells from XXXX term placenta.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Uganda is a low-income country with the largest @entity1707 population in East Africa. @entity1707 keeping has a large potential, commercially and as a tool for poverty reduction, but @entity33842 ( @entity33842 ) is a major hurdle for development of the sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices related to @entity33842 in the smallholder @entity1707 production value chain in northern Uganda. The study included three separate series of participatory rural appraisals (PRA), comprising purposively selected farmers and other actors in the @entity1707 production value chain. In the PRAs, various participatory epidemiology tools were used. A total of 49 PRAs and 574 @entity1 , representing 64 different villages, were included. The results indicate that @entity1 were well aware of the clinical signs of @entity33842 , routes for disease spread and measures for disease control. However, awareness of the control measures did not guarantee their implementation. A majority of middlemen and butchers acknowledged having sold live @entity1707 , carcasses or pork they believed infected with @entity33842 . Outbreaks of @entity33842 had a strong negative impact on @entity1 ' socio-economic status with loss of revenue and reversal into more severe poverty. In conclusion, lack of knowledge is not what is driving the continuous circulation of @entity33842 virus in this setting. To control @entity33842 and reduce its impact, initiatives that stimulate changes in management are needed. Because the behaviour of all actors in the value chain is largely influenced by the deep rural poverty in the region, this needs to be combined with efforts to reduce rural poverty.

title: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to African Swine  Fever Within Smallholder XXXX Production in Northern Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity33842 :: ('MESH:D000357', 'Disease') :: ['ASF', 'African swine fever']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pig']


abstract: @entity64 is a leading cause of @entity204 and disability worldwide. @entity385 is the dominant subtype of @entity64 and results from focal @entity2806 due to occlusion of major cerebral arteries. Thus, the restoration or improvement of reduced regional cerebral blood supply in a timely manner is very critical for improving @entity64 outcomes and poststroke functional recovery. The recovery from @entity385 largely relies on appropriate restoration of blood flow via angiogenesis. Newly formed vessels would allow increased cerebral blood flow, thus increasing the amount of @entity26 and nutrients delivered to affected brain tissue. Angiogenesis is strictly controlled by many key angiogenic factors in the central nervous system, and these molecules have been well-documented to play an important role in the development of angiogenesis in response to various pathological conditions. Promoting angiogenesis via various approaches that target angiogenic factors appears to be a useful treatment for experimental @entity385 . Most recently, microRNAs (miRs) have been identified as negative regulators of gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that miRs are essential determinants of vascular endothelial cell biology/angiogenesis as well as contributors to @entity64 pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of @entity64 -associated angiogenic modulators, as well as the role and molecular mechanisms of @entity64 -associated miRs with a focus on angiogenesis-regulating miRs. Moreover, we further discuss their potential impact on miR-based therapeutics in @entity64 through targeting and enhancing post-ischemic angiogenesis.

title: Angiogenesis-regulating microRNAs and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1170 (RSI) is the recommended method to facilitate emergency tracheal intubation in @entity130 @entity1 . In emergency situations, a simple and standardised RSI protocol may improve the safety and effectiveness of the procedure. A crucial component of developing a standardised protocol is the selection of induction agents. The aim of this study is to compare the safety and effectiveness of a traditional RSI protocol using @entity4671 and @entity2900 with a modified RSI protocol using @entity3575 , @entity3652 and @entity2898 . METHODS: We performed a comparative cohort study of major @entity130 @entity1 undergoing pre-hospital RSI by a physician-led Helicopter Emergency Medical Service. Group 1 underwent RSI using @entity4671 and @entity2900 and Group 2 underwent RSI using @entity3575 , @entity3652 and @entity2898 . Apart from the induction agents, the RSI protocol was identical in both groups. Outcomes measured included laryngoscopy view, intubation success, haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, and mortality. RESULTS: Compared to Group 1 (n   =   116), Group 2 RSI (n   =   145) produced significantly better laryngoscopy views (p   =   0.013) and resulted in significantly higher first-pass intubation success (95% versus 100%; p   =   0.007). A @entity101 response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation was less frequent following Group 2 RSI (79% versus 37%; p   <   0.0001). A @entity551 response was uncommon in both groups (1% versus 6%; p   =   0.05). Only one @entity1 in each group developed true @entity551 (SBP   <   90  mmHg) on induction. CONCLUSIONS: In a comparative, cohort study, pre-hospital RSI using @entity3575 , @entity3652 and @entity2898 produced superior intubating conditions and a more favourable haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. An RSI protocol using fixed ratios of these agents delivers effective pre-hospital @entity130 anaesthesia.

title: Significant modification of traditional rapid sequence induction improves safety and effectiveness of pre-hospital XXXX anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1170 :: ('MESH:C564983', 'Disease') :: ['Rapid Sequence Induction of anaesthesia']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['suxamethonium']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The 'cognitive mapping' component of spatial cognition, namely - the allocentric/egocentric function and its relation to symptoms in @entity161 is relatively unexplored. In this study, we compared @entity161 @entity1 (N=44) to demographically-matched healthy controls (N=43) using computer-administered visuospatial transformation tasks with egocentric and allocentric components and analyzed their correlation with symptoms. Significant diagnosis X task-type interaction effect was seen on task accuracy. @entity1 performed significantly worse than controls in the allocentric letter rotation task (LRT) but not in the egocentric @entity1 rotation task (PRT). Accuracy in the LRT was significantly lesser than in PRT among @entity1 but not among controls. @entity1 were significantly slower as compared to controls in both tasks. Both groups took longer to perform PRT as compared to LRT. LRT accuracy showed significant negative correlation with @entity1109 as well as negative symptoms scores. Angle of rotation, perspective (front-facing/back-facing), orientation (mirrored/normal), and stimulus type (letter/number) were found to significantly influence performance in both groups of subjects. The present data support the finding that there is a differential impairment of allocentric abilities in @entity161 @entity1 . Further systematic research in this area may facilitate better understanding of @entity161 pathogenesis.

title: Cognitive mapping deficits in XXXX : Evidence from clinical correlates of visuospatial transformations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['total positive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: First Nations, Inuit and M  tis ( @entity8352 ) youth are disproportionately affected by @entity28 and represent known a high-risk group in Canada. School-based prevention programmes may have the potential to effectively influence @entity28 -related health behaviours (i.e. healthy eating and physical activity) among this population. We conducted a systematic review of nine electronic databases (2003-2014) to identify studies that describe school-based programmes that have been developed to improve @entity28 -related health behaviours and outcomes among @entity8352 youth in Canada. The objectives of this review were to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of these programmes and assess the strength of the methodologies used to evaluate them. Fifteen studies, representing seven distinct interventions, met our inclusion criteria. The majority of these programmes did not result in significant improvements in outcomes related to @entity28 , healthy eating, or physical activity among @entity8352 youth. The studies varied in design rigour and use of evaluation activities. The lack of literature on effective school-based programmes for @entity8352 youth in Canada that target @entity28 -related outcomes highlights a priority area for future intervention development, evaluation and dissemination within the peer-reviewed literature. Further research is needed on interventions involving M  tis and Inuit youth, secondary school-aged @entity8352 youth and @entity8352 youth living in urban settings.

title: A systematic review of the effectiveness of school-based XXXX prevention programmes for First Nations, Inuit and M  tis youth in Canada.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Nuclei from @entity1238 erythrocytes have been isolated under varying ionic conditions and their morphology studied by light and electron microscopy. The 200-A beaded chromatin fibre observed in vivo is maintained in media containing @entity8723 or @entity3282 , but not in those containing @entity3281 as the sole divalent cation. In the absence of these alkaline-earth metal ions, 100-A filaments predominate. This suggests that the native 200-A fibre in isolated nuclei is also stabilized by specific divalent cations. Gross chromatin condensation within the nucleus occurs independently of whether the chromatin is in the form of 100-A or 200-A fibres, but requires the presence of divalent cations. Lower concentrations of @entity8723 or @entity3282 are necessary as compared with @entity13718 . In the presence of sufficient divalent cations, decreasing @entity4338 concentration causes @entity1897 , the condensation of chromatin towards the nuclear membrane. Monovalent cation alone does not appear capable of inducing @entity1897 . The transcriptional capacities of the different morphological types identified have been studied using @entity526 RNA polymerase as a probe. Neither the degree of chromatin condensation nor the state of higher-order coiling have a significant effect on the rate of transcription of the DNA. These results are discussed with regard to further in vitro studies on eukaryotic gene activity.

title: Structural transitions of chromatin in isolated XXXX erythrocyte nuclei. I. The effects of ions.

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral condensation']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity150 is the second most common @entity5 . Our study was to introduce a standardized surgical procedure of retrograde radical cystectomy and consequent peritoneal cavity reconstruction in localized male @entity150 . METHODS: Eighty-four consecutive male @entity1 with localized @entity150 (clinical stage T2 or lower) underwent surgery in our institute with the proposed procedure between May 2012 and April 2013. Median age was 65  years (range, 35 to 83  years); @entity1 characteristics, surgical parameters, perioperative complications, pathology, and short-term prognosis were analyzed. Median follow-up was 24  months (range, 18 to 30  months). RESULTS: The complete procedure including urinary diversion took 4.0  h (2.2 to 5.0  h), with a median exposed peritoneal cavity of 45  min (0 to 75  min); the median @entity190 was 140  ml (50 to 600  ml), and 2 @entity1 needed transfusion; neurovascular bundles were reserved in 76 cases; the median abdominal and pelvic drainage was 9.0  days (6 to 15  days), the median gastrointestinal recovery was 2.5  days (1 to 12  days), and the median postoperative hospital stay was 13.0  days (10 to 21  days). Four @entity1 had severe surgical complications, and two had mild to moderate ileus, with recovery in 1 and 2  weeks with supportive treatment. No perioperative @entity204 or postoperative recurrence were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical procedure in male localized @entity150 described in the present study provided surgical facilities, with limited abdominal organ disturbance and satisfactory @entity5 control. The procedure was associated with good gastrointestinal recovery, few @entity260 , and a short hospital stay.

title: Retrograde radical cystectomy and consequent peritoneal cavity reconstruction benefits localized male XXXX : results from a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'genitourinary malignancy']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: For the purpose of preventing @entity86 , investigation was carried out on effectiveness and safety of @entity4509 (AMK) after washing wound surface with its solution. 500 ml saline solution containing 400 mg AMK was used for washing. As the result, no @entity86 were observed in all the 19 @entity1 operated in our department. Neither abnormal findings to be regarded as abnormalities in blood test nor side-effects caused by washing were also observed. The blood samples obtained after washing did not show measurable AMK in all cases. It is said that use of antibiotics with 1) a wide-range of spectrum, 2) a bactericidal action and 3) low cross resistance against other antibiotics is preferable in washing wound surface in order to prevent @entity86 . Under these circumstances, administration of @entity4028 antibiotics is used frequently. Concerning the use of @entity4028 antibiotics, however, it is necessary to pay @entity8 . The previous study has revealed that AMK is lower in auditory and @entity8 than other @entity4028 antibiotics. AMK is thought, therefore, to be free from fear of auditory and @entity8 after washing and also to be one of effective antibiotics.

title: [The study of washing operative wound with XXXX solution in the orthopedic surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['attention to auditory and renal impairment', 'renal toxicity', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections', 'postoperative orthopedic infections']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['amikacin sulfate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We present a case of a 40-year-old male @entity1 who presented to us with @entity158 in arm for anterior cervical discectomy with fusion. The preanesthetic checkup including indirect laryngoscopy was normal with routine investigations within normal limits. The @entity1 was induced and intubated with the established routine technique without any obvious airway problems. Prophylactic @entity619 was administered, and the intraoperative course was uneventful. Immediately after extubation, it was noticed that the @entity1 had inspiratory stridor and whispered voice on the operation theater table itself. Assessment by Bonfils retromolar fiberscope under @entity3575 sedation revealed bilateral @entity4 . The @entity1 was re intubated and put on T piece with humidified O2. After 72-h, @entity1 was extubated after confirming normal vocal @entity717 under flexible fiberscope guidance. This case is presented to alert anesthesiologist about the possibility of @entity4 even though other potential airway complications are possible. We would also highlight the importance of Bonfils retromolar fiberscope in awake vocal cord examination and flexible fiberscope use in managing @entity1 presenting with airway problems during extubation.

title: Bilateral XXXX following anterior cervical discectomy-usefulness of bonfils retromolar fiberscope.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord edema']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['cord movement']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['vocal cord edema']


abstract: Basic and clinical evaluations of @entity17444 were carried out in @entity1 , and the following results were obtained. 1. @entity17444 20 mg/kg was administered to 9 @entity1 with @entity299 for the prophylaxis against @entity281 before undergoing cardiocatheterization and cardioangiography, and serum levels were determined. Peak levels reached after 30 minutes in 4 of the 9 cases, with a mean peak level of 22.5 mcg/ml and after 1 hour in 5 cases, with a mean peak level of 16.2 mcg/ml. Half life was 3.1 hours in the former group in a 6-hour blood sampling (1.04 hours in a 2-hour sampling) while in the latter group it was 1.37 hours. 2. Clinical responses were evaluated in 56 @entity1 comprising 23 cases of @entity7551 , 8 of @entity5389 , 13 of @entity30773 , 10 of @entity293 and 2 of impetigo. Fifty of these cases had excellent and good responses showing a efficacy rate of 89.3%. 3. From 42 of the cases, 43 strains were isolated as causative organisms. Major organisms included 27 strains of @entity4195 , 9 of @entity526 and 3 of @entity794 . As for bacteriological responses, all strains were eradicated. 4. No severe side effects were observed except for @entity294 of 1 cases and @entity1712 of 2 cases. Furthermore, no @entity1 refused to take @entity17444 dry syrup.

title: [Study of XXXX in pediatrics regarding clinical efficacy and serum levels (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity17444 :: ('MESH:C012671', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefroxadine', 'cefroxadine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity30773 :: ('MESH:D012541', 'Disease') :: ['scarlet fever']

answer: @entity17444 :: (MESH:C012671,Chemical) :: ['cefroxadine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Program effectiveness is influenced by the degree and quality of implementation, thus requiring careful examination of delivery processes and how the program is or is not being implemented as intended. Implementation fidelity is defined by adherence to intervention design, exposure or dose, quality of delivery, and @entity1 responsiveness. As part of the process evaluation (PE) of Alive _ Thrive in Ethiopia, a large-scale initiative to improve @entity1 and young @entity1 feeding (IYCF), we assessed these four fidelity elements along three components of its community-based intervention: training of frontline workers (FLWs), delivery of program tools and messages, and supportive supervision. METHODS: Data from a qualitative study among three levels of FLWs (n   =   54), i.e. supervisors, @entity283 ( @entity283 ), and community volunteers, and among mothers with @entity1 under two years of age (n   =   60); and cross-sectional PE surveys with FLWs (n   =   504) and mothers (n   =   750) in two regions (Tigray and SNNPR) were analyzed to examine program fidelity. RESULTS: There was strong adherence to the intended cascading design (i.e. transfer of knowledge and information from higher to lower FLW levels) and high exposure to training (95% @entity283 and 94% volunteers in Tigray, 68% and 81% respectively in SNNPR). Training quality, assessed by IYCF knowledge and self-reported capacity, was high and increased since baseline. Job aids were used regularly by most supervisors and @entity283 , but only 54% of volunteers in Tigray and 39% in SNNPR received them. Quality of program message delivery was lower among volunteers, and aided recall of key messages among mothers was also low. Although FLW supervision exposure was high, content and frequency were irregular. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of strong fidelity in training and delivery of program tools and messages at higher FLW levels, but gaps in the reach of these to community volunteers and mothers and variability between regions could limit the potential for impact. Strengthening the linkages between @entity283 and volunteers further can help to reach the target households and deliver IYCF results at scale.

title: Assessing implementation fidelity of a community-based XXXX and young @entity1 feeding intervention in Ethiopia identifies delivery challenges that limit reach to communities: a mixed-method process evaluation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'participant', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health extension workers', 'HEWs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Program effectiveness is influenced by the degree and quality of implementation, thus requiring careful examination of delivery processes and how the program is or is not being implemented as intended. Implementation fidelity is defined by adherence to intervention design, exposure or dose, quality of delivery, and @entity1 responsiveness. As part of the process evaluation (PE) of Alive _ Thrive in Ethiopia, a large-scale initiative to improve @entity1 and young @entity1 feeding (IYCF), we assessed these four fidelity elements along three components of its community-based intervention: training of frontline workers (FLWs), delivery of program tools and messages, and supportive supervision. METHODS: Data from a qualitative study among three levels of FLWs (n   =   54), i.e. supervisors, @entity283 ( @entity283 ), and community volunteers, and among mothers with @entity1 under two years of age (n   =   60); and cross-sectional PE surveys with FLWs (n   =   504) and mothers (n   =   750) in two regions (Tigray and SNNPR) were analyzed to examine program fidelity. RESULTS: There was strong adherence to the intended cascading design (i.e. transfer of knowledge and information from higher to lower FLW levels) and high exposure to training (95% @entity283 and 94% volunteers in Tigray, 68% and 81% respectively in SNNPR). Training quality, assessed by IYCF knowledge and self-reported capacity, was high and increased since baseline. Job aids were used regularly by most supervisors and @entity283 , but only 54% of volunteers in Tigray and 39% in SNNPR received them. Quality of program message delivery was lower among volunteers, and aided recall of key messages among mothers was also low. Although FLW supervision exposure was high, content and frequency were irregular. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of strong fidelity in training and delivery of program tools and messages at higher FLW levels, but gaps in the reach of these to community volunteers and mothers and variability between regions could limit the potential for impact. Strengthening the linkages between @entity283 and volunteers further can help to reach the target households and deliver IYCF results at scale.

title: Assessing implementation fidelity of a community-based @entity1 and young XXXX feeding intervention in Ethiopia identifies delivery challenges that limit reach to communities: a mixed-method process evaluation study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: AIM: Although animal studies have shown that @entity461 ( @entity461 ) analogs can have disease-modifying effect on experimental @entity571 , there is little @entity1 data. This study aimed to analyze the association between endogenous @entity461 and @entity626 in @entity1 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study including 5880 @entity1 of The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum intact @entity461 was measured by chemiluminescence assay. @entity626 was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence grade of >=   2. The association between @entity626 and natural log-transformed @entity461 (lnPTH) was modeled using logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, body mass index categories, @entity460 intake and serum @entity14257 in both sexes. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity626 tended to be higher in the highest quartile of @entity461 in @entity1 . In @entity1 , there was no clear trend across the quartiles of @entity461 . In multivariable analyses, there was no significant association between lnPTH and @entity626 in either sex (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]): 0.81 (0.64-1.02) in @entity1 and 0.88 (0.67-1.16) in @entity1 . Analyses on symptomatic @entity626 showed no significant association. CONCLUSION: Although there was a trend for a negative association in @entity1 , no statistically significant association was found between endogenous @entity461 and @entity626 .

title: Endogenous @entity461 and XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic knee osteoarthritis', 'knee osteoarthritis', 'Radiographic knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: AIM: Although animal studies have shown that @entity461 ( @entity461 ) analogs can have disease-modifying effect on experimental @entity571 , there is little @entity1 data. This study aimed to analyze the association between endogenous @entity461 and @entity626 in @entity1 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study including 5880 @entity1 of The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum intact @entity461 was measured by chemiluminescence assay. @entity626 was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence grade of >=   2. The association between @entity626 and natural log-transformed @entity461 (lnPTH) was modeled using logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, body mass index categories, @entity460 intake and serum @entity14257 in both sexes. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity626 tended to be higher in the highest quartile of @entity461 in @entity1 . In @entity1 , there was no clear trend across the quartiles of @entity461 . In multivariable analyses, there was no significant association between lnPTH and @entity626 in either sex (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]): 0.81 (0.64-1.02) in @entity1 and 0.88 (0.67-1.16) in @entity1 . Analyses on symptomatic @entity626 showed no significant association. CONCLUSION: Although there was a trend for a negative association in @entity1 , no statistically significant association was found between endogenous @entity461 and @entity626 .

title: Endogenous XXXX and @entity626 : a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routinely collected data in hospitals is complex, typically heterogeneous, and scattered across multiple Hospital Information Systems (HIS). This big data, created as a byproduct of health care activities, has the potential to provide a better understanding of diseases, unearth hidden patterns, and improve services and cost. The extent and uses of such data rely on its quality, which is not consistently checked, nor fully understood. Nevertheless, using routine data for the construction of data-driven clinical pathways, describing processes and trends, is a key topic receiving increasing attention in the literature. Traditional algorithms do not cope well with unstructured processes or data, and do not produce clinically meaningful visualizations. Supporting systems that provide additional information, context, and quality assurance inspection are needed. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to explore how routine hospital data can be used to develop data-driven pathways that describe the journeys that @entity1 take through care, and their potential uses in biomedical research; it proposes a framework for the construction, quality assessment, and visualization of @entity1 pathways for clinical studies and decision support using a case study on @entity263 . METHODS: Data pertaining to @entity263 @entity1 were extracted from a large UK hospital from eight different HIS, validated, and complemented with information from the @entity5 registry. Data-driven pathways were built for each of the 1904 @entity1 and an expert knowledge base, containing rules on the @entity263 biomarker, was used to assess the completeness and utility of the pathways for a specific clinical study. Software components were built to provide meaningful visualizations for the constructed pathways. RESULTS: The proposed framework and pathway formalism enable the summarization, visualization, and querying of complex @entity1 -centric clinical information, as well as the computation of quality indicators and dimensions. A novel graphical representation of the pathways allows the synthesis of such information. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical pathways built from routinely collected hospital data can unearth information about @entity1 and diseases that may otherwise be unavailable or overlooked in hospitals. Data-driven clinical pathways allow for heterogeneous data (ie, semistructured and unstructured data) to be collated over a unified data model and for data quality dimensions to be assessed. This work has enabled further research on @entity263 and its biomarkers, and on the development and application of methods to mine, compare, analyze, and visualize pathways constructed from routine data. This is an important development for the reuse of big data in hospitals.

title: Building Data-Driven Pathways From Routinely Collected Hospital Data: A Case Study on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We previously reported ethnic disparity in adverse outcomes among Asians with type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) in Singapore. Central arterial stiffness can aggravate systemic @entity455 by propagating elevated systolic and pulse pressures forward, thereby accentuating global @entity1317 . We aim to study ethnic disparity in central arterial stiffness and its determinants in a multi-ethnic T2DM Asian cohort. METHODS: Arterial stiffness was estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) and augmentation index (AI) using applanation tonometry method in Chinese (N  =  1045), Malays (N  =  458) and Indians (N  =  468). Linear regression model was used to evaluate predictors of @entity122 and AI. RESULTS: @entity122 was higher in Malays (10.1      3.0  m/s) than Chinese (9.7      2.8  m/s) and Indians (9.6      3.1  m/s) (P  =  0.018). AI was higher in Indians (28.1      10.8%) than Malays (25.9      10.1%) and Chinese (26.1      10.7%) (P  <  0.001). Malays remain associated with higher @entity122 (b  =  0.299, P  =  0.048) post-adjustment for age, gender, duration of @entity6 , hemoglobin A1c, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products, urinary albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio, and insulin usage, which were all independent predictors of @entity122 . Indians remain associated with higher AI (b  =  2.776, P  <  0.001) post-adjustment for age, gender, BMI, SBP, DBP, and height, which were independent predictors of AI. These variables explained 27.7% and 33.4% of the variance in @entity122 and AI respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Malays and Indians with T2DM have higher central arterial stiffness, which may explain their higher risk for adverse outcomes. Modifying traditional major vascular risk factors may partially alleviate their excess cardiovascular risk through modulating arterial stiffness.

title: Ethnic disparity in central arterial stiffness and its determinants among Asians with type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the surgical outcome of external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with eight-flap @entity254 (8-flap ex-DCR). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for 55 sides of 51 @entity1 with nasolacrimal duct obstruction who underwent 8-flap ex-DCR. The @entity1 were followed up postoperatively at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, and evaluations were continued with 12-week follow-ups until postoperative 12 months. Anatomical success was defined as no reflux on lacrimal irrigation at 12 months. Functional success was defined as no @entity9467 at postoperative 12 months. The presence of @entity1415 and postoperative surgical site infections were checked in all @entity1 . The presence of granulation tissue around the ostium, under nasal endoscopy, was also examined on 14 sides of 14 @entity1 , at each visit. RESULTS: Anatomical success was demonstrated on all sides, and functional success was obtained from 54 sides (98.2%) of 50 @entity1 . One @entity1 experienced postoperative intermittent @entity9467 on one side. The @entity1 did not show granulation tissue, @entity1415 or @entity281 throughout the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: The 8-flap ex-DCR showed complete anatomical success and favourable functional success with no @entity260 .

title: Eight-flap XXXX in external dacryocystorhinostomy.

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the UK, 20% of @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) are discharged from rehabilitation into an elderly care home. Despite this, and knowledge that the home is central to health and wellbeing, little research has examined the impact of being in care homes on the health and wellbeing of @entity1 with @entity1566 . The purpose of this study was to address this gap. Twenty adults who lived in care homes or had done so recently for over two years were interviewed in-depth. Qualitative data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Analyses revealed that living in a care home environment severely damages quality of life, physical health and psychological wellbeing in the short and long-term. Reasons why quality of life, health, and wellbeing were damaged are identified. These included a lack of freedom, control, and flexibility, inability to participate in community life, inability to sustain relationships, safety problems, restricted participation in work and leisure time physical activity, lack of meaning, self-expression, and a future, loneliness, difficulties with the re-housing process, @entity308 , and suicidal thoughts and actions. It is concluded that for @entity1 with @entity1566 , the care home environment violates social dignity, is oppressive, and denies @entity1 rights. Implications for housing and health care policies are also offered.

title: The Impact of Living in a Care Home on the Health and Wellbeing of Spinal Cord Injured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate whether isolated or combined @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) and @entity5834 (CAF) supplementation have beneficial effects on performance during soccer-related tests performed after a previous training session. Eleven male, amateur soccer players completed 4 trials in a randomized, double-blind, and crossover design. In the morning, @entity1 performed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST). Then, @entity1 ingested (i) 1.2 g  kg(-1) body mass  h(-1) @entity435 in a 20% @entity435 solution immediately after and 1, 2, and 3 h after the LIST; (ii) CAF (6 mg  kg(-1) body mass) 3 h after the LIST; (iii) @entity435 combined with CAF ( @entity435 +CAF); and (iv) placebo. All drinks were taste-matched and flavourless. After this 4-h recovery, @entity1 performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) test, a Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT), and a repeated-sprint test. There were no main effects of supplementation for CMJ, LSPT total time, or best sprint and total sprint time from the repeated-sprint test (p>0.05). There were also no main effects of supplementation for heart rate, plasma @entity880 concentration, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), pleasure-displeasure, and perceived activation (p>0.05). However, there were significant time effects (p<0.05), with heart rate, plasma @entity880 concentration, RPE, and perceived activation increasing with time, and pleasure-displeasure decreasing with time. In conclusion, isolated and/or combined @entity435 and CAF supplementation is not able to improve soccer-related performance tests when performed after a previous training session.

title: Effects of isolated or combined XXXX and @entity5834 supplementation between 2 daily training sessions on soccer performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate whether isolated or combined @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) and @entity5834 (CAF) supplementation have beneficial effects on performance during soccer-related tests performed after a previous training session. Eleven male, amateur soccer players completed 4 trials in a randomized, double-blind, and crossover design. In the morning, @entity1 performed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST). Then, @entity1 ingested (i) 1.2 g  kg(-1) body mass  h(-1) @entity435 in a 20% @entity435 solution immediately after and 1, 2, and 3 h after the LIST; (ii) CAF (6 mg  kg(-1) body mass) 3 h after the LIST; (iii) @entity435 combined with CAF ( @entity435 +CAF); and (iv) placebo. All drinks were taste-matched and flavourless. After this 4-h recovery, @entity1 performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) test, a Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT), and a repeated-sprint test. There were no main effects of supplementation for CMJ, LSPT total time, or best sprint and total sprint time from the repeated-sprint test (p>0.05). There were also no main effects of supplementation for heart rate, plasma @entity880 concentration, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), pleasure-displeasure, and perceived activation (p>0.05). However, there were significant time effects (p<0.05), with heart rate, plasma @entity880 concentration, RPE, and perceived activation increasing with time, and pleasure-displeasure decreasing with time. In conclusion, isolated and/or combined @entity435 and CAF supplementation is not able to improve soccer-related performance tests when performed after a previous training session.

title: Effects of isolated or combined @entity1735 and XXXX supplementation between 2 daily training sessions on soccer performance.

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['caffeine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Some evidence suggests that @entity171 may reduce @entity731 , while concerns have been raised about @entity955 . We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effects of @entity171 on total adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, @entity955 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity64 , and @entity65 in adults with or at risk for low bone mass. METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE through July 2014 identified 58 randomized controlled trials with longer than 6 months in duration that reported CV events. Absolute risks and the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of total CV events, @entity955 , @entity583 , @entity64 , and @entity65 were estimated. Subgroup analyses by follow-up duration, population characteristics, @entity5520 types, and route were performed. RESULTS: Absolute risks over 25-36 months in @entity5520 -treated versus control @entity1 were 6.5% versus 6.2% for total CV events; 1.4% versus 1.5% for @entity955 ; 1.0% versus 1.2% for @entity583 ; 1.6% versus 1.9% for @entity64 ; and 1.5% versus 1.4% for @entity65 . @entity5520 treatment up to 36 months did not have any significant effects on total CV events (14 trials; ORs [95% CI]: 0.98 [0.84-1.14]; I2 = 0.0%), @entity955 (41 trials; 1.08 [0.92-1.25]; I2 = 0.0%), @entity583 (10 trials; 0.96 [0.69-1.34]; I2 = 0.0%), @entity64 (10 trials; 0.99 [0.82-1.19]; I2 = 5.8%), and @entity65 (14 trials; 0.88 [0.72-1.07]; I2 = 0.0%) with little between-study heterogeneity. The risk of @entity955 appears to be modestly elevated for @entity4381 (6 trials; 1.24 [0.96-1.61]; I2 = 0.0%), not for oral @entity171 (26 trials; 1.02 [0.83-1.24]; I2 = 0.0%). The CV effects did not vary by subgroups or study quality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity171 do not have beneficial or harmful effects on atherosclerotic CV events, but @entity4381 may modestly increase the risk of @entity955 . Given the large reduction in fractures with @entity171 , changes in @entity170 treatment decision due to CV risk are not justified.

title: XXXX and Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates', 'Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphosphonate', 'bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CV death']

answer: @entity171 :: (MESH:D004164,Chemical) :: ['Bisphosphonates']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) is now known as an important neuromodulator in the central nervous system. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether exogenous @entity3958 gas can attenuate @entity2657 induced by experimental @entity64 and to clarify the potential mechanisms. @entity35 underwent 2-h @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) and received 40ppm or 80ppm @entity3958 inhalation for 3h at the beginning of reperfusion. The effects of @entity3958 were investigated by evaluating neurological function, @entity1188 size, @entity2657 volume, and @entity6096 ( @entity6096 ) protein expression at 24h after reperfusion. Moreover, to explore the possible mechanisms for the neuroprotective effects of @entity3958 , @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activity was detected and a @entity7131 inhibitor, @entity25695 , was used via intracerebral ventricular injection. Our results showed that 40ppm or 80ppm @entity3958 inhalation significantly reduced @entity51 , @entity1188 size, and @entity2657 after @entity2500 . The expression of @entity6096 in the peri- @entity1188 area of brain was also inhibited after inhalation of @entity3958 . @entity7131 was activated by @entity3958 treatment and the @entity7131 inhibitor attenuated the neuroprotection of @entity3958 with an increased @entity6096 expression at the same time. In conclusion, @entity3958 inhalation attenuates @entity2657 , reduces @entity1188 volume, and improves neurologic function in a @entity35 experimental @entity64 model. The therapeutic benefits of @entity3958 inhalation are associated with down-regulation of @entity6096 expression via activating @entity7131 .

title: @entity3957 induces neuroprotection against experimental @entity64 in @entity35 by down-regulation of XXXX via activating @entity7131 .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity6096 :: (25293(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['AQP4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) is now known as an important neuromodulator in the central nervous system. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether exogenous @entity3958 gas can attenuate @entity2657 induced by experimental @entity64 and to clarify the potential mechanisms. @entity35 underwent 2-h @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) and received 40ppm or 80ppm @entity3958 inhalation for 3h at the beginning of reperfusion. The effects of @entity3958 were investigated by evaluating neurological function, @entity1188 size, @entity2657 volume, and @entity6096 ( @entity6096 ) protein expression at 24h after reperfusion. Moreover, to explore the possible mechanisms for the neuroprotective effects of @entity3958 , @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activity was detected and a @entity7131 inhibitor, @entity25695 , was used via intracerebral ventricular injection. Our results showed that 40ppm or 80ppm @entity3958 inhalation significantly reduced @entity51 , @entity1188 size, and @entity2657 after @entity2500 . The expression of @entity6096 in the peri- @entity1188 area of brain was also inhibited after inhalation of @entity3958 . @entity7131 was activated by @entity3958 treatment and the @entity7131 inhibitor attenuated the neuroprotection of @entity3958 with an increased @entity6096 expression at the same time. In conclusion, @entity3958 inhalation attenuates @entity2657 , reduces @entity1188 volume, and improves neurologic function in a @entity35 experimental @entity64 model. The therapeutic benefits of @entity3958 inhalation are associated with down-regulation of @entity6096 expression via activating @entity7131 .

title: @entity3957 induces neuroprotection against experimental @entity64 in @entity35 by down-regulation of @entity6096 via activating XXXX .

answer: @entity7131 :: (MESH:D020151,Disease) :: ['PKC']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) is now known as an important neuromodulator in the central nervous system. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether exogenous @entity3958 gas can attenuate @entity2657 induced by experimental @entity64 and to clarify the potential mechanisms. @entity35 underwent 2-h @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) and received 40ppm or 80ppm @entity3958 inhalation for 3h at the beginning of reperfusion. The effects of @entity3958 were investigated by evaluating neurological function, @entity1188 size, @entity2657 volume, and @entity6096 ( @entity6096 ) protein expression at 24h after reperfusion. Moreover, to explore the possible mechanisms for the neuroprotective effects of @entity3958 , @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activity was detected and a @entity7131 inhibitor, @entity25695 , was used via intracerebral ventricular injection. Our results showed that 40ppm or 80ppm @entity3958 inhalation significantly reduced @entity51 , @entity1188 size, and @entity2657 after @entity2500 . The expression of @entity6096 in the peri- @entity1188 area of brain was also inhibited after inhalation of @entity3958 . @entity7131 was activated by @entity3958 treatment and the @entity7131 inhibitor attenuated the neuroprotection of @entity3958 with an increased @entity6096 expression at the same time. In conclusion, @entity3958 inhalation attenuates @entity2657 , reduces @entity1188 volume, and improves neurologic function in a @entity35 experimental @entity64 model. The therapeutic benefits of @entity3958 inhalation are associated with down-regulation of @entity6096 expression via activating @entity7131 .

title: @entity3957 induces neuroprotection against experimental @entity64 in XXXX by down-regulation of @entity6096 via activating @entity7131 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) is now known as an important neuromodulator in the central nervous system. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether exogenous @entity3958 gas can attenuate @entity2657 induced by experimental @entity64 and to clarify the potential mechanisms. @entity35 underwent 2-h @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) and received 40ppm or 80ppm @entity3958 inhalation for 3h at the beginning of reperfusion. The effects of @entity3958 were investigated by evaluating neurological function, @entity1188 size, @entity2657 volume, and @entity6096 ( @entity6096 ) protein expression at 24h after reperfusion. Moreover, to explore the possible mechanisms for the neuroprotective effects of @entity3958 , @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activity was detected and a @entity7131 inhibitor, @entity25695 , was used via intracerebral ventricular injection. Our results showed that 40ppm or 80ppm @entity3958 inhalation significantly reduced @entity51 , @entity1188 size, and @entity2657 after @entity2500 . The expression of @entity6096 in the peri- @entity1188 area of brain was also inhibited after inhalation of @entity3958 . @entity7131 was activated by @entity3958 treatment and the @entity7131 inhibitor attenuated the neuroprotection of @entity3958 with an increased @entity6096 expression at the same time. In conclusion, @entity3958 inhalation attenuates @entity2657 , reduces @entity1188 volume, and improves neurologic function in a @entity35 experimental @entity64 model. The therapeutic benefits of @entity3958 inhalation are associated with down-regulation of @entity6096 expression via activating @entity7131 .

title: @entity3957 induces neuroprotection against experimental XXXX in @entity35 by down-regulation of @entity6096 via activating @entity7131 .

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) is now known as an important neuromodulator in the central nervous system. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether exogenous @entity3958 gas can attenuate @entity2657 induced by experimental @entity64 and to clarify the potential mechanisms. @entity35 underwent 2-h @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) and received 40ppm or 80ppm @entity3958 inhalation for 3h at the beginning of reperfusion. The effects of @entity3958 were investigated by evaluating neurological function, @entity1188 size, @entity2657 volume, and @entity6096 ( @entity6096 ) protein expression at 24h after reperfusion. Moreover, to explore the possible mechanisms for the neuroprotective effects of @entity3958 , @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activity was detected and a @entity7131 inhibitor, @entity25695 , was used via intracerebral ventricular injection. Our results showed that 40ppm or 80ppm @entity3958 inhalation significantly reduced @entity51 , @entity1188 size, and @entity2657 after @entity2500 . The expression of @entity6096 in the peri- @entity1188 area of brain was also inhibited after inhalation of @entity3958 . @entity7131 was activated by @entity3958 treatment and the @entity7131 inhibitor attenuated the neuroprotection of @entity3958 with an increased @entity6096 expression at the same time. In conclusion, @entity3958 inhalation attenuates @entity2657 , reduces @entity1188 volume, and improves neurologic function in a @entity35 experimental @entity64 model. The therapeutic benefits of @entity3958 inhalation are associated with down-regulation of @entity6096 expression via activating @entity7131 .

title: XXXX induces neuroprotection against experimental @entity64 in @entity35 by down-regulation of @entity6096 via activating @entity7131 .

answer: @entity3957 :: (MESH:D006862,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Specific targets for most @entity28 candidate genes discovered by genomewide association studies remain unknown. Such genes are often highly expressed in the hypothalamus, indicating their role in energy homeostasis. We aimed to evaluate the associations of selected gene variants with adiposity and dietary traits. Anthropometric parameters, fat mass, dietary intake (total energy, fat, protein, @entity1735 , fiber, and @entity460 ) and 10 gene variants (in/near @entity20903 , @entity21944 , @entity23157 , @entity11620 , @entity2252 , @entity23156 , @entity1628 and @entity18957 ) were analyzed in 1953 Czech individuals aged 10.0 to 18.0 years (1035 nonoverweight and 918 overweight: body mass index [BMI] >= 90th percentile). Obesity risk alleles of @entity20903 @entity71825 , @entity23156 @entity71826 , and @entity18957 @entity18956 were related to increased body weight and BMI (P < .005). The @entity18957 variant also showed a significant positive association with waist circumference and fat mass (P < .001). Overweight adolescents had a lower total energy intake (P < .001) but a higher percentage of fat (P = .009) and protein intake (P < .001) than the nonoverweight subjects. There was also a lower @entity460 intake in the overweight group (P < .001). An association with at least one component of dietary intake was found in 3 of 10 studied gene variants. The @entity1628 @entity24854 was associated negatively with protein (P = .012) and positively associated with fiber (P = .032) intakes. The @entity28 risk alleles of @entity2252 @entity23158 and @entity18957 @entity18956 were related to a lower @entity460 intake (P = .001 and .037). The effects of @entity18957 and @entity1628 variants, however, disappeared after corrections for multiple testing. Our results suggest that the common @entity2252 variant may influence dietary @entity460 intake independent of BMI.

title: A common variant near @entity2252 is associated with dietary XXXX intake in adolescents.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']