abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrence or persistence of neurologic symptoms after surgical treatment of @entity1 with @entity531 ( @entity531 ) are reported to be as high as 25%. To identify factors affecting the long-term outcome of surgical treatment of @entity1 with @entity531 , we reviewed our 20-year experience. METHODS: One hundred thirty-four transaxillary first rib resections were performed on 118 @entity1 (43 @entity1 , 75 @entity1 , mean age 38 +/- 13 years). Eighty-three operations (61.9%) were undertaken to relieve symptoms resulting from compression of the lower roots of the brachial plexus, 37 (27.6%) for compression of both lower and upper roots, and 14 (10.5%) for lower root and vascular symptoms. All @entity1 underwent a transaxillary extraperiosteal first rib resection with transection of the scalene muscles. In 73 cases (54.5%) a resection of the anterior scalene muscle was also performed. A cervical rib was removed in 28 cases (20.1%), and anomalous @entity82 adjacent to the neurovascular bundle were resected in 41 cases (30.6%). RESULTS: No major complications were observed. Of 105 @entity1 (118 procedures) followed up (mean follow-up, 99 +/- 72 months), good to excellent results were obtained in 96 cases (81.4%) and fair to poor results were recorded in 22 cases (18.6%). The presence of a long posterior first rib stump, measured from the chest x ray films, was the strongest determinant of the long-term results among the variables examined (p < 0.0001). Reoperation, consisting of neurolysis and resection of the stump, was performed in 16 @entity1 . The results were excellent in all cases at a mean follow-up of 66 +/- 46 months. Primary and secondary 10-year, actuarial freedom rates from recurrent symptoms were 80.9% and 93.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the long-term outcome after surgery for @entity531 was strongly influenced by the extent of the first rib resection.

title: Long-term outcome after transaxillary approach for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous bands']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome', 'TOS']

answer: @entity531 :: (MESH:D013901,Disease) :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether @entity1 can predict attacks of @entity6391 (if so, this would have implications for developing new treatments) and to evaluate the impact of @entity6391 attacks on quality of life (QoL). METHODS: Individuals with @entity6391 were invited through international @entity1 associations to participate in an online survey. RESULTS: Responses from 443 subjects with self-reported @entity6391 from 15 countries were evaluable. The mean age of subjects was 41 years (91% female). Fifty-eight per cent of subjects reported they could predict at least 51% of @entity6391 attacks, and 57% could predict attack severity either fairly well or better [with 43% predicting severity only poorly (30%) or very poorly (13%)]. Sixty-four per cent of subjects reported a poor or very poor current ability to prevent/control @entity6391 attacks. One hundred and eighty-two subjects (41%) reported current or previous use of medications for @entity6391 : 82% reported at least one currently used medication being tolerated, but only 16% reported at least one current medication being effective. Most subjects (78%) reported making at least one life adjustment due to @entity6391 , with more in subjects with secondary @entity6391 compared with primary @entity6391 (87% vs 71%, P = 0.001). Current QoL with @entity6391 was impaired [mean = 6/10 (10 best imaginable)] and secondary @entity6391 subjects reported a greater absolute improvement when asked to imagine their QoL without @entity6391 (2.3 vs 3.3 P = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: Subjects' ability to predict @entity6391 attacks is limited. Treatments were generally considered tolerable but seldom fully effective. Our results confirm an unmet need for new treatments. @entity6391 significantly impacts on QoL in all subjects.

title: Prediction and impact of attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon, as judged by XXXX perception.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytotoxic and antiviral potential of @entity3070 and @entity5371 was evaluated. @entity137 was checked on @entity1573 primary fibroblast cell line through @entity98 assay. Antiviral potential was determined against @entity1800 on 9-day old @entity1573 embryos. Six different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 g/ml) of both the drugs were evaluated. The 100 g/ml concentration of @entity3070 and higher were cytotoxic. The 25 g/ml concentration of @entity5371 and higher were cytotoxic. Comparison of @entity3070 and @entity5371 showed that @entity3070 was safe at 50 g/ml and lower concentrations. @entity5371 was protective for cell at 12.5 g/ml and 6.25 g/ml only. Comparison of antiviral activity indicated that @entity3070 has strong antiviral potential at 100 g/ml and higher but same concentrations were cytotoxic. @entity5371 showed strong antiviral potential at all concentrations.

title: Evaluation of @entity137 and antiviral activity of @entity3070 against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Newcastle disease virus']

entities_list: @entity5371 :: ('MESH:D012254', 'Chemical') :: ['ribavirin', 'Ribavirin']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['Newcastle disease virus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytotoxic and antiviral potential of @entity3070 and @entity5371 was evaluated. @entity137 was checked on @entity1573 primary fibroblast cell line through @entity98 assay. Antiviral potential was determined against @entity1800 on 9-day old @entity1573 embryos. Six different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 g/ml) of both the drugs were evaluated. The 100 g/ml concentration of @entity3070 and higher were cytotoxic. The 25 g/ml concentration of @entity5371 and higher were cytotoxic. Comparison of @entity3070 and @entity5371 showed that @entity3070 was safe at 50 g/ml and lower concentrations. @entity5371 was protective for cell at 12.5 g/ml and 6.25 g/ml only. Comparison of antiviral activity indicated that @entity3070 has strong antiviral potential at 100 g/ml and higher but same concentrations were cytotoxic. @entity5371 showed strong antiviral potential at all concentrations.

title: Evaluation of XXXX and antiviral activity of @entity3070 against @entity1800 .

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytotoxic and antiviral potential of @entity3070 and @entity5371 was evaluated. @entity137 was checked on @entity1573 primary fibroblast cell line through @entity98 assay. Antiviral potential was determined against @entity1800 on 9-day old @entity1573 embryos. Six different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 g/ml) of both the drugs were evaluated. The 100 g/ml concentration of @entity3070 and higher were cytotoxic. The 25 g/ml concentration of @entity5371 and higher were cytotoxic. Comparison of @entity3070 and @entity5371 showed that @entity3070 was safe at 50 g/ml and lower concentrations. @entity5371 was protective for cell at 12.5 g/ml and 6.25 g/ml only. Comparison of antiviral activity indicated that @entity3070 has strong antiviral potential at 100 g/ml and higher but same concentrations were cytotoxic. @entity5371 showed strong antiviral potential at all concentrations.

title: Evaluation of @entity137 and antiviral activity of XXXX against @entity1800 .

answer: @entity3070 :: (MESH:D007559,Chemical) :: ['ivermectin']


abstract: Cell stress is implicated in triggering bouts of systemic @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity8649 . Blood monocytes from @entity1 affected by @entity5704 -mediated @entity829 ( @entity829 ) release greater amounts of @entity1356 than monocytes from unaffected subjects. Here we show that stress lowers the threshold of activation; blood monocytes from @entity829 @entity1 maintain the high levels of secreted @entity1356 (fivefold) and @entity8923 (10-fold) when stimulated with 1,000-fold less @entity558 than that required for full @entity1356 secretion in control subjects. Unexpectedly, @entity1192 secretion is increased 10-fold, indicating that inflammatory episodes in @entity829 may not be entirely a result of @entity1356 but may also involve @entity1192 . In @entity829 monocytes, @entity558 induces the externalization of copious amounts of @entity855 (10-fold), which drive @entity1356 , @entity8923 , and @entity1192 release via activation of the P2X purinoceptor 7. This enhanced @entity855 release appears to be the link between cell stress and increased cytokine secretion in @entity829 . In the later phase after @entity558 stimulation, @entity829 monocytes undergo oxidative stress, which impairs production of the anti-inflammatory @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ). Remarkably, @entity1193 secretion is fully restored by treatment with antioxidants. In two @entity1 with the same @entity5704 mutation, but different disease severity, monocytes from the mildly affected @entity1 exhibited more efficient redox response, lower @entity855 secretion, and more balanced cytokine production. Thus, the robustness of the individual antioxidant response increases the tolerance to stress and reduces the negative effect of the disease. Pharmacologic block of P2X purinoceptor 7 and improved stress tolerance may represent novel treatment strategies in stress-associated inflammatory diseases.

title: Cell stress increases @entity855 release in XXXX inflammasome-mediated @entity8649 , resulting in cytokine imbalance.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1Ra', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity8649 :: ('MESH:D056660', 'Disease') :: ['autoinflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity829 :: ('MESH:D056587', 'Disease') :: ['cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes', 'CAPS']

answer: @entity5704 :: (114548,Gene) :: ['NLRP3']


abstract: Cell stress is implicated in triggering bouts of systemic @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity8649 . Blood monocytes from @entity1 affected by @entity5704 -mediated @entity829 ( @entity829 ) release greater amounts of @entity1356 than monocytes from unaffected subjects. Here we show that stress lowers the threshold of activation; blood monocytes from @entity829 @entity1 maintain the high levels of secreted @entity1356 (fivefold) and @entity8923 (10-fold) when stimulated with 1,000-fold less @entity558 than that required for full @entity1356 secretion in control subjects. Unexpectedly, @entity1192 secretion is increased 10-fold, indicating that inflammatory episodes in @entity829 may not be entirely a result of @entity1356 but may also involve @entity1192 . In @entity829 monocytes, @entity558 induces the externalization of copious amounts of @entity855 (10-fold), which drive @entity1356 , @entity8923 , and @entity1192 release via activation of the P2X purinoceptor 7. This enhanced @entity855 release appears to be the link between cell stress and increased cytokine secretion in @entity829 . In the later phase after @entity558 stimulation, @entity829 monocytes undergo oxidative stress, which impairs production of the anti-inflammatory @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ). Remarkably, @entity1193 secretion is fully restored by treatment with antioxidants. In two @entity1 with the same @entity5704 mutation, but different disease severity, monocytes from the mildly affected @entity1 exhibited more efficient redox response, lower @entity855 secretion, and more balanced cytokine production. Thus, the robustness of the individual antioxidant response increases the tolerance to stress and reduces the negative effect of the disease. Pharmacologic block of P2X purinoceptor 7 and improved stress tolerance may represent novel treatment strategies in stress-associated inflammatory diseases.

title: Cell stress increases XXXX release in @entity5704 inflammasome-mediated @entity8649 , resulting in cytokine imbalance.

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: Cell stress is implicated in triggering bouts of systemic @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity8649 . Blood monocytes from @entity1 affected by @entity5704 -mediated @entity829 ( @entity829 ) release greater amounts of @entity1356 than monocytes from unaffected subjects. Here we show that stress lowers the threshold of activation; blood monocytes from @entity829 @entity1 maintain the high levels of secreted @entity1356 (fivefold) and @entity8923 (10-fold) when stimulated with 1,000-fold less @entity558 than that required for full @entity1356 secretion in control subjects. Unexpectedly, @entity1192 secretion is increased 10-fold, indicating that inflammatory episodes in @entity829 may not be entirely a result of @entity1356 but may also involve @entity1192 . In @entity829 monocytes, @entity558 induces the externalization of copious amounts of @entity855 (10-fold), which drive @entity1356 , @entity8923 , and @entity1192 release via activation of the P2X purinoceptor 7. This enhanced @entity855 release appears to be the link between cell stress and increased cytokine secretion in @entity829 . In the later phase after @entity558 stimulation, @entity829 monocytes undergo oxidative stress, which impairs production of the anti-inflammatory @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ). Remarkably, @entity1193 secretion is fully restored by treatment with antioxidants. In two @entity1 with the same @entity5704 mutation, but different disease severity, monocytes from the mildly affected @entity1 exhibited more efficient redox response, lower @entity855 secretion, and more balanced cytokine production. Thus, the robustness of the individual antioxidant response increases the tolerance to stress and reduces the negative effect of the disease. Pharmacologic block of P2X purinoceptor 7 and improved stress tolerance may represent novel treatment strategies in stress-associated inflammatory diseases.

title: Cell stress increases @entity855 release in @entity5704 inflammasome-mediated XXXX , resulting in cytokine imbalance.

answer: @entity8649 :: (MESH:D056660,Disease) :: ['autoinflammatory diseases']


abstract: @entity1375 causes growth @entity66 , and @entity2167 in @entity1 and animals. Therefore, environmental toxicants, such as @entity3215 ( @entity3215 ), may secondarily affect these endpoints via @entity3935 . In this study, Long-Evans @entity35 were given @entity14774 (po), at 0, 1, 4, or 8 mg/kg from Gestation Day 6 through Postnatal Day (PND) 21. We evaluated the offspring at various age intervals for circulating thyroid hormone concentrations [thyroid-stimulating hormone, and free and total @entity1954 (T3) and thyroxin (T4)], body weight, eye opening, survival, motor activity development, auditory startle response, and auditory thresholds. Circulating T4 concentrations were sharply reduced in a dose-dependent fashion in @entity5241 -exposed groups at PND 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30 but recovered to control levels by PND 45. Moderate reductions in T3 concentrations were apparent in the 4 and 8 mg/kg groups on PND 21 and 30. @entity1017 and early eye opening were apparent in the treated pups; by weaning, pup mortality was 20% in the 4 mg/kg group and 50% at the highest dose. Motor activity was also transiently reduced in 15 day old offspring from the 8 mg/kg group. At this dose, animals showed @entity2167 at PND 24, but not when tested as adults. Importantly, @entity14774 caused permanent @entity2167 (20-30 dB threshold shift) at the lowest frequency tested (1 kHz) in both the 4 and 8 mg/kg groups, whereas auditory thresholds were not significantly affected at higher frequencies (4, 16, 32, or 40 kHz). These data indicate that while some effects of @entity14774 exposure are dissimilar to @entity1375 (e.g., age of eye opening), effects on hormone levels and body weight are comparable. @entity2167 in @entity5241 -treated animals is a novel finding and may reflect the effects of thyroid hormone disruption on the development of the cochlea.

title: Developmental exposure to @entity3215 ( XXXX ) reduces circulating thyroid hormone concentrations and causes hearing deficits in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental hypothyroidism', 'drug-induced hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deficits, motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['reduced auditory startle amplitudes', 'hearing disorders', 'auditory deficits', 'Detection of auditory deficits']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Deficits in body weight gain']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity14774 :: (MESH:D020111,Chemical) :: ['Aroclor 1254']


abstract: @entity1375 causes growth @entity66 , and @entity2167 in @entity1 and animals. Therefore, environmental toxicants, such as @entity3215 ( @entity3215 ), may secondarily affect these endpoints via @entity3935 . In this study, Long-Evans @entity35 were given @entity14774 (po), at 0, 1, 4, or 8 mg/kg from Gestation Day 6 through Postnatal Day (PND) 21. We evaluated the offspring at various age intervals for circulating thyroid hormone concentrations [thyroid-stimulating hormone, and free and total @entity1954 (T3) and thyroxin (T4)], body weight, eye opening, survival, motor activity development, auditory startle response, and auditory thresholds. Circulating T4 concentrations were sharply reduced in a dose-dependent fashion in @entity5241 -exposed groups at PND 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30 but recovered to control levels by PND 45. Moderate reductions in T3 concentrations were apparent in the 4 and 8 mg/kg groups on PND 21 and 30. @entity1017 and early eye opening were apparent in the treated pups; by weaning, pup mortality was 20% in the 4 mg/kg group and 50% at the highest dose. Motor activity was also transiently reduced in 15 day old offspring from the 8 mg/kg group. At this dose, animals showed @entity2167 at PND 24, but not when tested as adults. Importantly, @entity14774 caused permanent @entity2167 (20-30 dB threshold shift) at the lowest frequency tested (1 kHz) in both the 4 and 8 mg/kg groups, whereas auditory thresholds were not significantly affected at higher frequencies (4, 16, 32, or 40 kHz). These data indicate that while some effects of @entity14774 exposure are dissimilar to @entity1375 (e.g., age of eye opening), effects on hormone levels and body weight are comparable. @entity2167 in @entity5241 -treated animals is a novel finding and may reflect the effects of thyroid hormone disruption on the development of the cochlea.

title: Developmental exposure to XXXX ( @entity14774 ) reduces circulating thyroid hormone concentrations and causes hearing deficits in @entity35 .

answer: @entity3215 :: (MESH:D011078,Chemical) :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls']


abstract: @entity1375 causes growth @entity66 , and @entity2167 in @entity1 and animals. Therefore, environmental toxicants, such as @entity3215 ( @entity3215 ), may secondarily affect these endpoints via @entity3935 . In this study, Long-Evans @entity35 were given @entity14774 (po), at 0, 1, 4, or 8 mg/kg from Gestation Day 6 through Postnatal Day (PND) 21. We evaluated the offspring at various age intervals for circulating thyroid hormone concentrations [thyroid-stimulating hormone, and free and total @entity1954 (T3) and thyroxin (T4)], body weight, eye opening, survival, motor activity development, auditory startle response, and auditory thresholds. Circulating T4 concentrations were sharply reduced in a dose-dependent fashion in @entity5241 -exposed groups at PND 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30 but recovered to control levels by PND 45. Moderate reductions in T3 concentrations were apparent in the 4 and 8 mg/kg groups on PND 21 and 30. @entity1017 and early eye opening were apparent in the treated pups; by weaning, pup mortality was 20% in the 4 mg/kg group and 50% at the highest dose. Motor activity was also transiently reduced in 15 day old offspring from the 8 mg/kg group. At this dose, animals showed @entity2167 at PND 24, but not when tested as adults. Importantly, @entity14774 caused permanent @entity2167 (20-30 dB threshold shift) at the lowest frequency tested (1 kHz) in both the 4 and 8 mg/kg groups, whereas auditory thresholds were not significantly affected at higher frequencies (4, 16, 32, or 40 kHz). These data indicate that while some effects of @entity14774 exposure are dissimilar to @entity1375 (e.g., age of eye opening), effects on hormone levels and body weight are comparable. @entity2167 in @entity5241 -treated animals is a novel finding and may reflect the effects of thyroid hormone disruption on the development of the cochlea.

title: Developmental exposure to @entity3215 ( @entity14774 ) reduces circulating thyroid hormone concentrations and causes hearing deficits in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: One-day-old female @entity233 were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments and were fed for 15  weeks diets containing 5% of cellulose (control, C) or 5% of dried fruit pomaces (apple, black currant, strawberry, seedless strawberry; AP, BCP, SP, SSP respectively). In weeks 11-15 of feeding, all diets were supplemented with 2.5% of linseed oil. The crude fibre content of fruit pomaces ranged from 56.5% in AP to 62.9% in SP. In comparison with AP, berry fruit pomaces (BCP, SP and SSP) were characterised by a higher content of neutral detergent fibre - NDF (41.2% vs. 52.7-59.3%) and lignin (13.24% vs. 21.80-25.56%). A monomer analysis revealed that cellulose was the main non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) in fruit pomaces, whereas their pectin content was low. @entity3978 content was determined at below 6  g/kg in AP, at approximately 12  g/kg in BCP and SP, and at 32.8  g/kg in SSP. There were no significant differences (p  >  0.05) in final body weight of birds. After 15  weeks of feeding fruit pomaces to @entity233 , the relative weight of the small intestine with digesta was higher in group AP, and lower in group SSP, as compared to controls. Dietary fruit pomaces decreased the @entity62 ( @entity62 ) concentration and lowered the pH of the small intestinal digesta, except the AP and SSP treatments respectively. In the caeca, significantly reduced concentrations of @entity3265 or putrefactive short-chain @entity1718 (SCFA) upon dietary fruit pomaces were observed. Fruit pomaces did not influence the concentrations or the total pool of short-chain @entity1718 , but led to a significant increase in butyric proportion in the SCFA profile at the expense @entity4919 .

title: The effects of dietary dried fruit pomaces on growth performance and gastrointestinal biochemistry of XXXX poults.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Existing review required updating. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy exercise after discharge from hospital on function, walking, range of motion, quality of life and muscle strength, for @entity1 following elective primary total hip arthroplasty for @entity571 . DESIGN: Systematic review from January 2007 to November 2013. DATA SOURCES: AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Kingsfund Database, and PEDro. Cochrane CENTRAL, BioMed Central (BMC), The Department of Health National Research Register and Clinical Trials.gov register. Searches were overseen by a librarian. Authors were contacted for missing information. No language restrictions were applied. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Trials comparing physiotherapy exercise vs usual/standard care, or comparing two types of relevant exercise physiotherapy, following discharge from hospital after elective primary total hip replacement for @entity571 were reviewed. OUTCOMES: Functional activities of daily living, walking, quality of life, muscle strength and joint range of motion. STUDY APPRAISAL: Quality and risk of bias for studies were evaluated. Data were extracted and meta-analyses considered. RESULTS: 11 trials are included in the review. Trial quality was mixed. Newly included studies were assessed as having lower risk of bias than previous studies. Narrative review indicates that physiotherapy exercise after discharge following total hip replacement may potentially benefit @entity1 in terms of function, walking and muscle strengthening. LIMITATIONS: The overall quality and quantity of trials, and their diversity, prevented meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Disappointingly, insufficient evidence still prevents the effectiveness of physiotherapy exercise following discharge to be determined for this @entity1 group. High quality, adequately powered, trials with long term follow up are required.

title: Effectiveness of land-based physiotherapy exercise following hospital discharge following hip arthroplasty for XXXX : an updated systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the patterns, related factors and prognostic value of abnormal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in @entity1 @entity465 virus negative @entity1906 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective study in @entity1 aged >14 years. Abnormality on MRA was correlated with clinical, laboratory and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Modified Barthel index was used to assess outcome at 6 months after inclusion. RESULTS: Of 101 @entity1 included, MRA was abnormal in 45 (44.6%). The distribution of MRA abnormality was classified as disseminated irregular calibres of intracranial arteries with or without reduction in distant branches (29.7%, pattern 1) and localised stenosis at the base of the brain (26.7%, pattern 2). In logistic regression analysis, pattern 2 was related to stage of the disease (P = 0.002), basal exudates (P = 0.03) and @entity1188 (P = 0.000), while pattern 1 was related to duration of disease (P = 0.050), @entity1276 (P = 0.032) and age (P = 0.002). Pattern 1 was also correlated with @entity1188 (P = 0.000), particularly @entity1188 in the tubercular zone (P = 0.035) in univariate analysis. MRA abnormality was associated with paradoxical worsening (P = 0.022) and poor prognosis in univariate analysis (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: MRA abnormality is associated with @entity64 and poor outcomes. Although it indicates mild @entity1317 , pattern 1 MRA abnormality is nevertheless associated with @entity1188 and needs proper intervention.

title: Magnetic resonance angiography manifestations and prognostic significance in HIV-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis meningitis']


abstract: SETTING: @entity378 ( @entity378 ), or @entity3083 , an extra-pulmonary form of @entity378 ( @entity378 ), is rare and difficult to diagnose in @entity1 . Some cases of severe @entity378 in @entity1 were recently explained by @entity2246 affecting the interleukin-12/ @entity379 (IL-12/ @entity379 ) axis. OBJECTIVE: To analyse clinical data on Moroccan @entity1 with @entity378 , and to perform immunological and genetic explorations of the IL-12/ @entity379 axis. DESIGN: We studied nine @entity1 with @entity378 diagnosed between 2012 and 2014. We investigated the IL-12/ @entity379 circuit by both whole-blood assays and sequencing of the coding regions of 14 core genes of this pathway. RESULTS: A diagnosis of @entity378 was based on a combination of clinical, biological, histological and radiological data. QuantiFERON(  )- @entity378 Gold In-Tube results were positive in 75% of @entity1 . Whole-blood assays showed normal IL-12 and @entity379 production in all but one @entity1 , who displayed impaired decreased response to IL-12. No candidate disease-causing mutations were detected in the exonic regions of the 14 genes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity378 diagnosis in @entity1 remains challenging, and is based largely on imaging. Further investigations of @entity378 in @entity1 are required to determine the role of genetic defects in pathways that may or may not be related to the IL-12/ @entity379 axis.

title: XXXX in Moroccan @entity1 : clinical features and investigation of the interleukin-12/interferon-y pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ["Pott's disease"]

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-y']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'Tuberculosis spondylodiscitis', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn errors of immunity']

answer: @entity3083 :: (MESH:D014399,Disease) :: ['Pott's disease']


abstract: SETTING: @entity378 ( @entity378 ), or @entity3083 , an extra-pulmonary form of @entity378 ( @entity378 ), is rare and difficult to diagnose in @entity1 . Some cases of severe @entity378 in @entity1 were recently explained by @entity2246 affecting the interleukin-12/ @entity379 (IL-12/ @entity379 ) axis. OBJECTIVE: To analyse clinical data on Moroccan @entity1 with @entity378 , and to perform immunological and genetic explorations of the IL-12/ @entity379 axis. DESIGN: We studied nine @entity1 with @entity378 diagnosed between 2012 and 2014. We investigated the IL-12/ @entity379 circuit by both whole-blood assays and sequencing of the coding regions of 14 core genes of this pathway. RESULTS: A diagnosis of @entity378 was based on a combination of clinical, biological, histological and radiological data. QuantiFERON(  )- @entity378 Gold In-Tube results were positive in 75% of @entity1 . Whole-blood assays showed normal IL-12 and @entity379 production in all but one @entity1 , who displayed impaired decreased response to IL-12. No candidate disease-causing mutations were detected in the exonic regions of the 14 genes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity378 diagnosis in @entity1 remains challenging, and is based largely on imaging. Further investigations of @entity378 in @entity1 are required to determine the role of genetic defects in pathways that may or may not be related to the IL-12/ @entity379 axis.

title: @entity3083 in Moroccan XXXX : clinical features and investigation of the interleukin-12/interferon-y pathway.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Obesity defined by body mass index (BMI) significantly increases the risk of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). In contrast, not only @entity28 but also underweight is associated with poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity157 . Differences in body composition rather than BMI were suggested to be true determinants of prognosis. However, this hypothesis has not been demonstrated conclusively. METHODS: We measured skeletal muscle index (SMI), mean muscle attenuation (MA), visceral adipose tissue index, subcutaneous adipose tissue index, and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratios ( @entity10478 ) via computed tomography in a large-scale retrospective cohort of 1257 @entity1 with different stages of @entity157 , and comprehensively analyzed the impact of body composition on the prognoses. RESULTS: Among five body composition components, low SMI (called @entity6288 ), low MA (called intramuscular fat [IMF] deposition), and high @entity10478 (called @entity10478 ) were significantly associated with mortality, independently of @entity5 stage or @entity1 -Pugh class. A multivariate analysis revealed that @entity6288 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.96; p=0.001), IMF deposition (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.71; p=0.020), and @entity10478 (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09-1.66; p=0.005) but not BMI were significant predictors of survival. The prevalence of poor prognostic body composition components was significantly higher in underweight and @entity28 @entity1 than in normal weight @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6288 , IMF deposition, and @entity10478 independently predict mortality in @entity1 with @entity157 . Body composition rather than BMI is a major determinant of prognosis in @entity1 with @entity157 .

title: @entity6288 , intramuscular fat deposition, and XXXX independently predict the outcomes of @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['visceral adiposity', 'VSR']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia', 'sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity10478 :: (OMIM:155310,Disease) :: ['visceral adiposity']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Obesity defined by body mass index (BMI) significantly increases the risk of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). In contrast, not only @entity28 but also underweight is associated with poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity157 . Differences in body composition rather than BMI were suggested to be true determinants of prognosis. However, this hypothesis has not been demonstrated conclusively. METHODS: We measured skeletal muscle index (SMI), mean muscle attenuation (MA), visceral adipose tissue index, subcutaneous adipose tissue index, and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratios ( @entity10478 ) via computed tomography in a large-scale retrospective cohort of 1257 @entity1 with different stages of @entity157 , and comprehensively analyzed the impact of body composition on the prognoses. RESULTS: Among five body composition components, low SMI (called @entity6288 ), low MA (called intramuscular fat [IMF] deposition), and high @entity10478 (called @entity10478 ) were significantly associated with mortality, independently of @entity5 stage or @entity1 -Pugh class. A multivariate analysis revealed that @entity6288 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.96; p=0.001), IMF deposition (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.71; p=0.020), and @entity10478 (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09-1.66; p=0.005) but not BMI were significant predictors of survival. The prevalence of poor prognostic body composition components was significantly higher in underweight and @entity28 @entity1 than in normal weight @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6288 , IMF deposition, and @entity10478 independently predict mortality in @entity1 with @entity157 . Body composition rather than BMI is a major determinant of prognosis in @entity1 with @entity157 .

title: XXXX , intramuscular fat deposition, and @entity10478 independently predict the outcomes of @entity157 .

answer: @entity6288 :: (MESH:D055948,Disease) :: ['Sarcopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Obesity defined by body mass index (BMI) significantly increases the risk of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). In contrast, not only @entity28 but also underweight is associated with poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity157 . Differences in body composition rather than BMI were suggested to be true determinants of prognosis. However, this hypothesis has not been demonstrated conclusively. METHODS: We measured skeletal muscle index (SMI), mean muscle attenuation (MA), visceral adipose tissue index, subcutaneous adipose tissue index, and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratios ( @entity10478 ) via computed tomography in a large-scale retrospective cohort of 1257 @entity1 with different stages of @entity157 , and comprehensively analyzed the impact of body composition on the prognoses. RESULTS: Among five body composition components, low SMI (called @entity6288 ), low MA (called intramuscular fat [IMF] deposition), and high @entity10478 (called @entity10478 ) were significantly associated with mortality, independently of @entity5 stage or @entity1 -Pugh class. A multivariate analysis revealed that @entity6288 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.96; p=0.001), IMF deposition (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.71; p=0.020), and @entity10478 (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09-1.66; p=0.005) but not BMI were significant predictors of survival. The prevalence of poor prognostic body composition components was significantly higher in underweight and @entity28 @entity1 than in normal weight @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6288 , IMF deposition, and @entity10478 independently predict mortality in @entity1 with @entity157 . Body composition rather than BMI is a major determinant of prognosis in @entity1 with @entity157 .

title: @entity6288 , intramuscular fat deposition, and @entity10478 independently predict the outcomes of XXXX .

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Conclusion: The depth of hypopharyngeal superficial @entity5 may predict vessel infiltration and potential risk of cervical lymph node @entity3 . Objectives: To elucidate the histopathological predictors of vessel infiltration and the risk of regional lymph node @entity3 in hypopharyngeal superficial @entity5 . Methods: This study included 31 lesions from 30 @entity1 who had undergone transoral en bloc resection in the hospital. @entity1 with @entity5436 or muscular invasion were excluded. @entity1 characteristics, nodal status, state of vessel infiltration, state of perineural invasion, histopathological parameters, and post-operative cervical lymph node recurrence were retrospectively examined. The histopathological parameters measured were @entity5 diameter and the following three parameters: @entity5 thickness, depth from the mucosal surface, and depth from the basement membrane. Correlations between histopathological parameters and state of vessel infiltration were statistically analyzed. Results: Of the 31 lesions examined, four had vessel infiltration. Three of the four lesions with vessel infiltration had regional lymph node @entity3 as well as subsequent lymph node @entity3 . Lesions with vessel infiltration were significantly deeper than those without. In contrast, there was no significant difference in lesion diameters. In addition, there was no correlation between the depth and the diameter of the lesion.

title: The potential risk of vessel infiltration and cervical lymph node XXXX in hypopharyngeal superficial squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, @entity158 perception and health-related quality of life (QoL) of percutaneous @entity1068 injection treatment (PEIT) as an alternative to thyroid surgery in symptomatic @entity8426 . METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 (46        10  years; 82  % @entity1 ) with symptomatic benign @entity8426 relapsed after drainage were included. In all cases, cytology prior to treatment, maximum cyst diameter and volume were determined. PEIT was conducted using the established procedure, and the volume of fluid removed and @entity158 perceived by the @entity1 were assessed. In each procedure, the volume of @entity285 instilled was   <2  ml. After follow-up, final cyst diameter and volume were determined and the persistence of symptoms and QoL were assessed by a questionnaire (SF-36). RESULTS: Mean symptom duration was 10        20  months. A single session of PEIT was required to complete the procedure in 45  % of @entity1 , two in 31  % and three in 13  %. Mean initial maximum cyst diameter was 3.5        1.0  cm and mean extracted liquid volume 61        36  ml. During PEIT, 39  % of @entity1 experienced virtually no @entity158 , 43  % mild @entity158 and 17  % moderate @entity158 . No complications of PEIT were observed. After 12.1        1.4  months of follow-up, cysts were reduced more than 70  % in volume in 86.3  % of @entity1 , more than 80  % in 61.9  % and more than 90  % in 42  %. On the health-related QoL SF-36 questionnaire, @entity1 scores 6  months post-PEIT did not differ significantly from those of the healthy Spanish population. With respect to cosmetic complaints or local symptoms of compression, PEIT-treated @entity1 presented an initial score of 22        8 and 13        5 after treatment (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, percutaneous @entity1068 injection has prove to be an effective, safe and well-tolerated first-line treatment of symptomatic @entity8426 .

title: Evaluation of efficacy, safety, @entity158 perception and health-related quality of life of percutaneous @entity1068 injection as first-line treatment in symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8426 :: ('MESH:D013966', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cysts']

answer: @entity8426 :: (MESH:D013966,Disease) :: ['thyroid cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, @entity158 perception and health-related quality of life (QoL) of percutaneous @entity1068 injection treatment (PEIT) as an alternative to thyroid surgery in symptomatic @entity8426 . METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 (46        10  years; 82  % @entity1 ) with symptomatic benign @entity8426 relapsed after drainage were included. In all cases, cytology prior to treatment, maximum cyst diameter and volume were determined. PEIT was conducted using the established procedure, and the volume of fluid removed and @entity158 perceived by the @entity1 were assessed. In each procedure, the volume of @entity285 instilled was   <2  ml. After follow-up, final cyst diameter and volume were determined and the persistence of symptoms and QoL were assessed by a questionnaire (SF-36). RESULTS: Mean symptom duration was 10        20  months. A single session of PEIT was required to complete the procedure in 45  % of @entity1 , two in 31  % and three in 13  %. Mean initial maximum cyst diameter was 3.5        1.0  cm and mean extracted liquid volume 61        36  ml. During PEIT, 39  % of @entity1 experienced virtually no @entity158 , 43  % mild @entity158 and 17  % moderate @entity158 . No complications of PEIT were observed. After 12.1        1.4  months of follow-up, cysts were reduced more than 70  % in volume in 86.3  % of @entity1 , more than 80  % in 61.9  % and more than 90  % in 42  %. On the health-related QoL SF-36 questionnaire, @entity1 scores 6  months post-PEIT did not differ significantly from those of the healthy Spanish population. With respect to cosmetic complaints or local symptoms of compression, PEIT-treated @entity1 presented an initial score of 22        8 and 13        5 after treatment (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, percutaneous @entity1068 injection has prove to be an effective, safe and well-tolerated first-line treatment of symptomatic @entity8426 .

title: Evaluation of efficacy, safety, XXXX perception and health-related quality of life of percutaneous @entity1068 injection as first-line treatment in symptomatic @entity8426 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, @entity158 perception and health-related quality of life (QoL) of percutaneous @entity1068 injection treatment (PEIT) as an alternative to thyroid surgery in symptomatic @entity8426 . METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 (46        10  years; 82  % @entity1 ) with symptomatic benign @entity8426 relapsed after drainage were included. In all cases, cytology prior to treatment, maximum cyst diameter and volume were determined. PEIT was conducted using the established procedure, and the volume of fluid removed and @entity158 perceived by the @entity1 were assessed. In each procedure, the volume of @entity285 instilled was   <2  ml. After follow-up, final cyst diameter and volume were determined and the persistence of symptoms and QoL were assessed by a questionnaire (SF-36). RESULTS: Mean symptom duration was 10        20  months. A single session of PEIT was required to complete the procedure in 45  % of @entity1 , two in 31  % and three in 13  %. Mean initial maximum cyst diameter was 3.5        1.0  cm and mean extracted liquid volume 61        36  ml. During PEIT, 39  % of @entity1 experienced virtually no @entity158 , 43  % mild @entity158 and 17  % moderate @entity158 . No complications of PEIT were observed. After 12.1        1.4  months of follow-up, cysts were reduced more than 70  % in volume in 86.3  % of @entity1 , more than 80  % in 61.9  % and more than 90  % in 42  %. On the health-related QoL SF-36 questionnaire, @entity1 scores 6  months post-PEIT did not differ significantly from those of the healthy Spanish population. With respect to cosmetic complaints or local symptoms of compression, PEIT-treated @entity1 presented an initial score of 22        8 and 13        5 after treatment (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, percutaneous @entity1068 injection has prove to be an effective, safe and well-tolerated first-line treatment of symptomatic @entity8426 .

title: Evaluation of efficacy, safety, @entity158 perception and health-related quality of life of percutaneous XXXX injection as first-line treatment in symptomatic @entity8426 .

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. The study investigated if intraoperative use of @entity3600 wafers, particularly in combination with Stupp regimen, is a viable and safe first-line treatment option of @entity463 . Methods. Eighty-three consecutive adult @entity1 (50 @entity1 ; mean age 60 years) with newly diagnosed supratentorial @entity463 that underwent surgical resection with intraoperative @entity3600 wafers implantation (n = 7.1    1.7) were retrospectively studied. Results. The median overall survival (OS) was 15.8 months with 56 @entity1 dying over the course of the study. There was no significant association between the number of implanted @entity3600 wafers and complication rates (four surgical site infections, one @entity204 ). The OS was significantly longer in Stupp regimen @entity1 (19.5 months) as compared with @entity1 with other postoperative treatments (13 months; p = 0.002). In addition @entity1 with eight or more implanted @entity3600 wafers survived longer (24.5 months) than @entity1 with seven or less implanted wafers (13 months; p = 0.021). Finally, regardless of the number of @entity3600 wafers, median OS was significantly longer in @entity1 with a subtotal or total resection (21.5 months) than in @entity1 with a partial resection (13 months; p = 0.011). Conclusions. The intraoperative use of @entity3600 wafers in combination with Stupp regimen is a viable first-line treatment option of @entity463 . The prognostic value of this treatment association should be evaluated in a multicenter trial, ideally in a randomized and placebo-controlled one.

title: Combining intraoperative XXXX wafers and Stupp regimen in multimodal first-line treatment of @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['primary glioblastomas', 'glioblastomas']

answer: @entity3600 :: (MESH:D002330,Chemical) :: ['carmustine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. The study investigated if intraoperative use of @entity3600 wafers, particularly in combination with Stupp regimen, is a viable and safe first-line treatment option of @entity463 . Methods. Eighty-three consecutive adult @entity1 (50 @entity1 ; mean age 60 years) with newly diagnosed supratentorial @entity463 that underwent surgical resection with intraoperative @entity3600 wafers implantation (n = 7.1    1.7) were retrospectively studied. Results. The median overall survival (OS) was 15.8 months with 56 @entity1 dying over the course of the study. There was no significant association between the number of implanted @entity3600 wafers and complication rates (four surgical site infections, one @entity204 ). The OS was significantly longer in Stupp regimen @entity1 (19.5 months) as compared with @entity1 with other postoperative treatments (13 months; p = 0.002). In addition @entity1 with eight or more implanted @entity3600 wafers survived longer (24.5 months) than @entity1 with seven or less implanted wafers (13 months; p = 0.021). Finally, regardless of the number of @entity3600 wafers, median OS was significantly longer in @entity1 with a subtotal or total resection (21.5 months) than in @entity1 with a partial resection (13 months; p = 0.011). Conclusions. The intraoperative use of @entity3600 wafers in combination with Stupp regimen is a viable first-line treatment option of @entity463 . The prognostic value of this treatment association should be evaluated in a multicenter trial, ideally in a randomized and placebo-controlled one.

title: Combining intraoperative @entity3600 wafers and Stupp regimen in multimodal first-line treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['primary glioblastomas']


abstract: @entity779 is probably the most important arthropod-borne @entity1800 worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates an incidence of 100 million cases per year. @entity779 is of clinical importance mainly in tropical and subtropical zones, but the increasing number of travellers visiting these endemic areas means that physicians in temperate zones will meet this @entity166 more frequently. To estimate the frequency of @entity779 in Switzerland, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of @entity1 in whom clinicians wished to rule out a case of @entity311 on the assumption that some of these @entity1 may have been exposed to @entity778 while travelling in tropical and subtropical areas. @entity779 was diagnosed by serology on contemporary stored serum samples with a commercially available assay that has been evaluated before. During the study period (1.1.93 to 1.7.94) a @entity311 diagnosis was requested by the physicians in our center in 87 cases and @entity311 was diagnosed in 10 (11.5%). In 38 of these 87 cases a stored serum sample was available for dengue serology. All of these @entity1 had visited an area where not only @entity311 but @entity778 was endemic. In 7 of these 38 cases (18%) @entity311 was diagnosed. In 3 @entity1 (8%) the dengue serology (IgM and IgG) was indicative of @entity779 . All 3 cases had clinical findings compatible with the disease. In 4 more patients (10%) anti-dengue IgG antibodies were found. All of these 4 @entity1 had previous exposure to @entity778 but no acute clinical illness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Imported XXXX in Switzerland--serological evidence for a hitherto unexpectedly high prevalence].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['dengue virus']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue fever', 'Dengue', 'dengue fever', 'acute dengue fever']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['tropical infectious disease']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['dengue fever']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the survival benefit achieved with radiofrequency (RF) ablation of primary and metastatic @entity2 and determine significant prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival. METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity2 (10 primary and 39 metastatic) underwent computed tomography-guided percutaneous RF ablation between June 2005 and October 2013. A total of 112 @entity5 (101 metastatic and 11 primary @entity1149 ) were treated with RF ablation. @entity5 diameter ranged from 0.6 to 4 cm (median 1.5 cm). Effectiveness of treatment, complications, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Primary success rate was 79.5% and local @entity5 progression occurred in 23 @entity5 . Among @entity5 showing progression, 10 were re-treated with RF ablation and secondary success rate was 87.5%. One-, two-, and three-year overall survival rates of 10 @entity1 with primary @entity2 were 100%, 86%, and 43%, respectively. One-, two-, three-, four-, and five-year overall survival rates for 39 @entity1 with metastatic @entity2 were 90%, 73%, 59%, 55%, and 38%, respectively. One-, two-, three-, and four-year overall survival rates for 16 @entity1 with @entity14 were 94%, 80%, 68%, and 23%, respectively. Complications occurred in 30 sessions (24.6%). Pneumothorax occurred in 19 sessions with seven requiring image-guided percutaneous chest tube drainage. @entity5 status (solitary or multiple) and presence of extrapulmonary metastasis at initial RF ablation were significant prognostic factors in terms of recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION: RF ablation is a safe and effective treatment with a survival benefit for selected @entity1 with primary and @entity2 .

title: Radiofrequency ablation for XXXX : outcomes, effects on survival, and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'secondary lung tumors', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal pulmonary metastases']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of @entity130 in the southern part of Hungary among parents, teachers, medical doctors and dentists. A cross-sectional study was performed among the mentioned groups, with a structured questionnaire aire--questionnaire. The @entity1 consisted of 275 @entity1 , most of them were parents (185), the other groups were smaller (30-30). The 73.62% of parents recognised that the maxillary incisor of a 9-year-old @entity1 is probably a permanent tooth. In case of the coronal fracture of this tooth 65.03% responded correctly. The correct response rate for the management of an @entity155 was only 39.26%, but in case of @entity1662 92.64% would act correctly. The Chi-square test indicated that there was a significant association between the correct recognition of the type of the incisor and the higher education (p < 0.01), and the number of seen TDIs. The 76.7% of the parents was not satisfied with his knowledge about TDLs, and 74.9% was interested in more information. In our study the parents performed generally better compared to other studies, but compared to the other three groups their results were worse. The knowledge of the teachers and the doctors was almost equivalent. The dentist had the best results. The level of the knowledge of @entity130 was inadequate among parents, but the teachers and doctors should improve their knowledge too. We suggest that it's necessary to start educational campaigns among groups that could be the primary caregivers of traumatic @entity8495 .

title: [Study of XXXX knowledge in two South-Hungarian cities].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'girl', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8495 :: ('MESH:D018677', 'Disease') :: ['dental injuries']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsed tooth']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['lost of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['dental trauma management']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['dental trauma management']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nocturnal enuresis is the most common pediatric urologic problem in outpatient clinics. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of various monotherapies, and comparing the effects of @entity7062 , @entity2645 , and @entity11440 in @entity1 with enuresis, as well as the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors of their families on the response and relapse rates. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was a randomized clinical trial conducted on 92 @entity1 aged 5 - 14 years, referred to the pediatric clinic of Semnan University Hospital in Semnan, Iran. @entity1 with primary nocturnal enuresis were randomly allocated to three different treatment groups: @entity7062 (n = 30), @entity2645 (n = 31), and @entity11440 (n = 31) all for 6 weeks. The socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of all @entity1 were recorded. The number of wet nights per week was noted at the end of the 6-week-trial, and @entity1 were followed up to three months for relapse. RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity11440 group showed a slightly higher response rate (71.0% success) and a lower relapse rate (31.8%), while in the @entity7062 group the response and relapse rates were 63.3% and 57.9%, respectively, and in the @entity2645 group 61.3% and 63.2%, respectively. However, the difference between the 3 groups in terms of response (P = 0.701) and relapse rates (P = 0.095) was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference between monotherapy with @entity7062 , @entity2645 or @entity11440 in @entity1 with enuresis. However, @entity11440 showed a higher response rate and a lower relapse rate compared to other medications. More clinical trials with a larger sample size are needed to clarify these uncertainties.

title: XXXX , @entity2645 , and @entity11440 in the Treatment of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['desmopressin']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

answer: @entity7062 :: (MESH:D003894,Chemical) :: ['Desmopressin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nocturnal enuresis is the most common pediatric urologic problem in outpatient clinics. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of various monotherapies, and comparing the effects of @entity7062 , @entity2645 , and @entity11440 in @entity1 with enuresis, as well as the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors of their families on the response and relapse rates. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was a randomized clinical trial conducted on 92 @entity1 aged 5 - 14 years, referred to the pediatric clinic of Semnan University Hospital in Semnan, Iran. @entity1 with primary nocturnal enuresis were randomly allocated to three different treatment groups: @entity7062 (n = 30), @entity2645 (n = 31), and @entity11440 (n = 31) all for 6 weeks. The socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of all @entity1 were recorded. The number of wet nights per week was noted at the end of the 6-week-trial, and @entity1 were followed up to three months for relapse. RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity11440 group showed a slightly higher response rate (71.0% success) and a lower relapse rate (31.8%), while in the @entity7062 group the response and relapse rates were 63.3% and 57.9%, respectively, and in the @entity2645 group 61.3% and 63.2%, respectively. However, the difference between the 3 groups in terms of response (P = 0.701) and relapse rates (P = 0.095) was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference between monotherapy with @entity7062 , @entity2645 or @entity11440 in @entity1 with enuresis. However, @entity11440 showed a higher response rate and a lower relapse rate compared to other medications. More clinical trials with a larger sample size are needed to clarify these uncertainties.

title: @entity7062 , @entity2645 , and XXXX in the Treatment of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity11440 :: (MESH:C005419,Chemical) :: ['Oxybutynin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nocturnal enuresis is the most common pediatric urologic problem in outpatient clinics. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of various monotherapies, and comparing the effects of @entity7062 , @entity2645 , and @entity11440 in @entity1 with enuresis, as well as the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors of their families on the response and relapse rates. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was a randomized clinical trial conducted on 92 @entity1 aged 5 - 14 years, referred to the pediatric clinic of Semnan University Hospital in Semnan, Iran. @entity1 with primary nocturnal enuresis were randomly allocated to three different treatment groups: @entity7062 (n = 30), @entity2645 (n = 31), and @entity11440 (n = 31) all for 6 weeks. The socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of all @entity1 were recorded. The number of wet nights per week was noted at the end of the 6-week-trial, and @entity1 were followed up to three months for relapse. RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity11440 group showed a slightly higher response rate (71.0% success) and a lower relapse rate (31.8%), while in the @entity7062 group the response and relapse rates were 63.3% and 57.9%, respectively, and in the @entity2645 group 61.3% and 63.2%, respectively. However, the difference between the 3 groups in terms of response (P = 0.701) and relapse rates (P = 0.095) was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference between monotherapy with @entity7062 , @entity2645 or @entity11440 in @entity1 with enuresis. However, @entity11440 showed a higher response rate and a lower relapse rate compared to other medications. More clinical trials with a larger sample size are needed to clarify these uncertainties.

title: @entity7062 , XXXX , and @entity11440 in the Treatment of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity2645 :: (MESH:D007099,Chemical) :: ['Imipramine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous @entity5745 without any pathological condition is very rare. We described a @entity1 with spontaneous @entity5745 probably arising from the relatively enlarged air-filling sphenoid sinus. CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old @entity1 admitted Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran with a sudden onset of severe @entity10 and @entity390 without any @entity51 . Brain computed tomography (CT) scan was performed to role out any pathology in the brain. Brain CT revealed large ethmoidal and sphenoid sinuses and disseminated @entity932 . A Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) examination was performed to rule out @entity693 . Further evaluation confirmed a small defect in the sphenoid sinus. She has no recurrent @entity10 or other symptoms after about six-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: An extremely rare condition, a spontaneous @entity932 with skull base defect origin could be considered as a possible diagnosis in @entity1 with sudden and severe @entity10 . We can safely conclude that medical treatment and close follow-up is an effective mode of therapy in this @entity1 .

title: Spontaneous Nontraumatic XXXX : A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity5745 :: (MESH:D011007,Disease) :: ['Pneumocephalus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Laboratory somatic cell count (LSCC) records are usually recorded monthly and provide an important information source for breeding and herd management. Daily milk viscosity detection in composite milking (expressed as drain time) with an automated on-line California @entity1271 Test (CMT) could serve immediately as an early predictor of @entity66 and might be used as a selection criterion to improve udder health. The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between the well-established LSCS and the new trait,'drain time', and to estimate their correlations to important production traits. Data were recorded on the dairy research farm Karkendamm in Germany. Viscosity sensors were installed on every fourth milking stall in the rotary parlour to measure daily drain time records. Weekly LSCC and milk composition data were available. Two data sets were created containing records of 187  692 milkings from 320 @entity291 (D1) and 25  887 drain time records from 311 @entity291 (D2). Different fixed effect models, describing the log-transformed drain time (logDT), were fitted to achieve applicable models for further analysis. Lactation curves were modelled with standard parametric functions (Ali and Schaeffer, Legendre polynomials of second and third degree) of days in milk (DIM). Random regression models were further applied to estimate the correlations between @entity291 effects between logDT and LSCS with further important production traits. LogDT and LSCS were strongest correlated in mid-lactation (r  =  0  78). Correlations between logDT and production traits were low to medium. Highest correlations were reached in late lactation between logDT and milk yield (r  =  -0  31), between logDT and protein content (r  =  0  30) and in early as well as in late lactation between logDT and @entity1132 content (r  =  -0  28). The results of the present study show that the drain time could be used as a new trait for daily @entity1271 control.

title: Evaluation of different lactation curve models fitted for milk viscosity recorded by an automated on-line California XXXX Test.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['udder diseases']

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['Mastitis', 'mastitis']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['Mastitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We systematically reviewed the effectiveness and safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with insulin analogs compared with @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) in pregnant @entity1 with @entity6 . We searched Medline  , Embase  , and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through May 2013. Studies comparing CSII with @entity2794 in pregnant @entity1 with @entity6 were included. Studies using regular insulin CSII were excluded. We conducted meta-analyses where there were two or more comparable studies based on the @entity164 of insulin used in the @entity2794 arm. Seven cohort studies of pregnant @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 reported improvement in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in both groups. Meta-analysis showed no difference in maternal and fetal outcomes for CSII versus @entity2794 . Results were similar when CSII was compared with @entity2794 with insulin analogs or regular insulin. Studies had moderate to high risk bias with incomplete descriptions of study methodology, populations, treatments, follow up, and outcomes. We conclude that observational studies reported similar improvements in HbA1c with CSII and @entity2794 during pregnancy, but evidence was insufficient to rule out possible important differences between CSII and @entity2794 for maternal and fetal outcomes. This highlights the need for future studies to examine the effectiveness and safety of CSII with insulin analogs and @entity2794 in pregnant @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Comparative Effectiveness of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Using Insulin Analogs and Multiple Daily Injections in Pregnant @entity1 with XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'multiple daily injections']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We systematically reviewed the effectiveness and safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with insulin analogs compared with @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) in pregnant @entity1 with @entity6 . We searched Medline  , Embase  , and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through May 2013. Studies comparing CSII with @entity2794 in pregnant @entity1 with @entity6 were included. Studies using regular insulin CSII were excluded. We conducted meta-analyses where there were two or more comparable studies based on the @entity164 of insulin used in the @entity2794 arm. Seven cohort studies of pregnant @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 reported improvement in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in both groups. Meta-analysis showed no difference in maternal and fetal outcomes for CSII versus @entity2794 . Results were similar when CSII was compared with @entity2794 with insulin analogs or regular insulin. Studies had moderate to high risk bias with incomplete descriptions of study methodology, populations, treatments, follow up, and outcomes. We conclude that observational studies reported similar improvements in HbA1c with CSII and @entity2794 during pregnancy, but evidence was insufficient to rule out possible important differences between CSII and @entity2794 for maternal and fetal outcomes. This highlights the need for future studies to examine the effectiveness and safety of CSII with insulin analogs and @entity2794 in pregnant @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Comparative Effectiveness of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Using Insulin Analogs and Multiple Daily Injections in Pregnant XXXX with @entity6 : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence indicates direct relationships between @entity25 and the severity and prevalence of other symptom clusters in @entity161 . Assessment of potential state-dependent alterations in @entity25 and arousal relative to antipsychotic-like activity is critical for the development of novel antipsychotic drugs (APDs). Recently, we reported that @entity71673 , a selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the M4 muscarinic @entity934 receptor (mAChR), exhibits robust APD-like and cognitive enhancing activity in rodents. However, the state-dependent effects of @entity71673 on @entity25 and arousal have not been examined. Using polysomnography and quantitative electroencephalographic recordings from subcranial electrodes in @entity35 , we evaluated the effects of @entity71673 , in comparison with the atypical APD @entity1088 and the M1/M4-preferring mAChR agonist @entity15245 . @entity71673 induced state-dependent alterations in @entity25 and arousal including delayed Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep onset, increased cumulative duration of total and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, and increased arousal during waking periods. @entity1088 decreased arousal during wake, increased cumulative NREM, and @entity11755 . In contrast, xanomeline increased time awake and arousal during wake, but reduced slow wave activity during NREM sleep. Additionally, in combination with the @entity3391 subtype of @entity3264 receptor (NMDAR) antagonist @entity3390 , modeling @entity1887 thought to underlie many symptoms in @entity161 , both @entity71673 and @entity1088 attenuated @entity3390 -induced elevations in high frequency gamma power consistent with an APD-like mechanism of action. These findings suggest that selective M4 PAMs may represent a novel mechanism for treating multiple symptoms of @entity161 , including disruptions in @entity25 without a sedative profile.

title: State-dependent alterations in sleep/wake architecture elicited by the M4 PAM XXXX - Relation to antipsychotic-like drug effects.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine', 'clozapine']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['NMDAR hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['decreased REM sleep']

entities_list: @entity15245 :: ('MESH:C075257', 'Chemical') :: ['xanomeline']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep abnormalities', 'sleep architecture']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity71673 :: (MESH:C000599366,Chemical) :: ['VU0467154']


abstract: As @entity28 rates increase, so too do the risks of @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity65 , and numerous other detrimental conditions. The prevalence of @entity28 in U.S. adults more than doubled between 1980 and 2010, from 15.0 to 36.1%. Although this trend may be leveling off, @entity28 and its individual, societal, and economic costs remain of grave concern. In June 2014, a @entity6 Care Editors' Expert Forum convened to review the state of @entity28 research and discuss the latest prevention initiatives and behavioral, medical, and surgical therapies. This article, an outgrowth of the forum, offers an expansive view of the @entity28 epidemic, beginning with a discussion of its root causes. Recent insights into the genetic and physiological factors that influence body weight are reviewed, as are the pathophysiology of @entity28 -related @entity209 and the concept of metabolically healthy @entity28 . The authors address the crucial question of how much @entity353 is necessary to yield meaningful benefits. They describe the challenges of behavioral modification and predictors of its success. The effects of @entity6 pharmacotherapies on body weight are reviewed, including potential weight-neutral combination therapies. The authors also summarize the evidence for safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic and surgical @entity28 treatments. The article concludes with an impassioned call for researchers, clinicians, governmental agencies, health policymakers, and health-related industries to collectively embrace the urgent mandate to improve prevention and treatment and for society at large to acknowledge and manage @entity28 as a serious disease.

title: Advances in the Science, Treatment, and Prevention of the Disease of Obesity: Reflections From a XXXX Care Editors' Expert Forum.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: AIM: @entity4766 (SD) is a classic antibiotic for @entity281 . Due to the medical market policy, SD has not been chosen as an essential drug in all the hospitals in China. However, its therapeutic effect is definite and cannot be substituted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic and economic value of SD compared to other popular antibiotics in @entity1 with @entity281 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective single-center study was performed from January 2011 until December 2012. Thirteen @entity1 diagnosed with @entity281 were treated with SD. The clinical effects were reviewed. RESULTS: Treatment was successful for 12 of the @entity1 (cure rate=92.3%). One @entity1 died of @entity302 , @entity1576 , and @entity881 . Only one @entity1 was allergic to SD, and there were no drug-related liver or kidney side effects. CONCLUSION: SD is a safe, effective, and economical antibiotic, and is used by our neurosurgical department. It should be offered as an option for the @entity1 with @entity281 , especially for @entity1 with lower ability to pay.

title: The Role of XXXX for the Treatment of @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity4766 :: ('MESH:D013411', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['refractory intracranial infection', 'intracranial infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['secondary epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity4766 :: (MESH:D013411,Chemical) :: ['Sulfadiazine']


abstract: AIM: @entity4766 (SD) is a classic antibiotic for @entity281 . Due to the medical market policy, SD has not been chosen as an essential drug in all the hospitals in China. However, its therapeutic effect is definite and cannot be substituted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic and economic value of SD compared to other popular antibiotics in @entity1 with @entity281 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective single-center study was performed from January 2011 until December 2012. Thirteen @entity1 diagnosed with @entity281 were treated with SD. The clinical effects were reviewed. RESULTS: Treatment was successful for 12 of the @entity1 (cure rate=92.3%). One @entity1 died of @entity302 , @entity1576 , and @entity881 . Only one @entity1 was allergic to SD, and there were no drug-related liver or kidney side effects. CONCLUSION: SD is a safe, effective, and economical antibiotic, and is used by our neurosurgical department. It should be offered as an option for the @entity1 with @entity281 , especially for @entity1 with lower ability to pay.

title: The Role of @entity4766 for the Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Refractory Intracranial Infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To evaluate the lung function and clinical outcome in severe @entity1030 in @entity1 undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with left internal thoracic artery graft, comparing the pleural drain insertion in the intercostal versus subxyphoid region. Methods: A randomized controlled trial. @entity1030 @entity1 were randomized into two groups according pleural drain site: II group (n=27) - pleural drain in intercostal space; SI group (n=29) - pleural drain in the subxyphoid region. Spirometry values (Forced Vital Capacity - and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second) were obtained on preoperative and 1, 3 and 5 postoperative days. Chest x-ray from preoperative until postoperative day 5 (POD5) was performed for monitoring respiratory events, such as @entity891 and @entity1143 . Pulmonary shunt fraction and @entity158 score was evaluate preoperatively and on postoperative day 1. Results: In both groups there was a significant decrease of the spirometry values (Forced Vital Capacity and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second) until POD5 (P<0.05). However, when compared, SI group presented less decrease in these parameters (P<0.05). Pulmonary shunt fraction was significantly lower in SI group (P<0.05). Respiratory events, @entity158 score, orotracheal intubation time and postoperative length of hospital stay were lower in the SI group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Subxyphoid pleural drainage in severe @entity1030 @entity1 determined better preservation and recovery of pulmonary capacity and volumes with lower pulmonary shunt fraction and better clinical outcomes on early postoperative off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

title: Pleural subxyphoid drain confers better pulmonary function and clinical outcomes in XXXX after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is one of the most troublesome conditions associated with @entity542 . CSF fistulae, @entity4767 , or even @entity204 may accompany it. Few studies have discussed post-traumatic @entity5173 as a risk factor in mortality following @entity542 . We conducted this cohort study to examine the issue. METHODS: We reviewed the records in the Taiwan @entity131 ( @entity131 ) Registry System between 1993 and 2008. The study group included @entity1 with acute @entity131 and post-traumatic @entity5173 , and the control group included cases with @entity131 but without @entity5173 , selected randomly at a 5:1 ratio with respect to the study group. The demographic data, Glasgow @entity772 Scale, brain computerized tomography, association of skull fractures and @entity1504 , and 1-year mortality rates between these two cohorts were reviewed meticulously and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Of 174,236 cases, 1773 with post-traumatic @entity5173 were included in the study group, and 8865 cases in the control group. Of the total 10,638 sampled cases, 406 (3.8%) died during the 1-year follow-up period, 159 (9.0%) cases in the CSF leakages group, and 247 (2.8%) in the control group. The @entity1 with @entity5173 had a significantly higher mortality rate within 1 year (adjusted hazard ratio  =  1.44, p  <  0.001) than those without. We divided the @entity5173 group into three subgroups: @entity2972 (n  =  568), @entity5254 (n  =  302), and tension @entity5745 (n  =  903). The mortality rates were 8.5% (48/568) in the @entity2972 subgroup, 10.9% (33/302) in the @entity5254 subgroup, and 8.6% (78/903) in the tension @entity5745 subgroup. The cases with @entity5254 had a significantly higher mortality rate than the other two subgroups (p  <  0.05). All three subgroups had significantly higher mortality rates than the control group during the 1-year follow-up period (adjusted hazard ratios  =  2.29, 1.35, and 1.32 in the @entity5254 , tension @entity5745 , and @entity2972 subgroups, respectively). CONCLUSION: Post-traumatic CSF leakages had higher mortality rates than those without CSF leakages in @entity131 cases, and the cases with @entity5254 had worse outcomes compared with CSF leakages with @entity5745 or @entity2972 .

title: Risk of XXXX in @entity1 with post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage-Analysis of 1773 cases.

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis/central nervous infection']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic Brain Injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CSF leakage']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea', 'CSF rhinorrhea']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is one of the most troublesome conditions associated with @entity542 . CSF fistulae, @entity4767 , or even @entity204 may accompany it. Few studies have discussed post-traumatic @entity5173 as a risk factor in mortality following @entity542 . We conducted this cohort study to examine the issue. METHODS: We reviewed the records in the Taiwan @entity131 ( @entity131 ) Registry System between 1993 and 2008. The study group included @entity1 with acute @entity131 and post-traumatic @entity5173 , and the control group included cases with @entity131 but without @entity5173 , selected randomly at a 5:1 ratio with respect to the study group. The demographic data, Glasgow @entity772 Scale, brain computerized tomography, association of skull fractures and @entity1504 , and 1-year mortality rates between these two cohorts were reviewed meticulously and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Of 174,236 cases, 1773 with post-traumatic @entity5173 were included in the study group, and 8865 cases in the control group. Of the total 10,638 sampled cases, 406 (3.8%) died during the 1-year follow-up period, 159 (9.0%) cases in the CSF leakages group, and 247 (2.8%) in the control group. The @entity1 with @entity5173 had a significantly higher mortality rate within 1 year (adjusted hazard ratio  =  1.44, p  <  0.001) than those without. We divided the @entity5173 group into three subgroups: @entity2972 (n  =  568), @entity5254 (n  =  302), and tension @entity5745 (n  =  903). The mortality rates were 8.5% (48/568) in the @entity2972 subgroup, 10.9% (33/302) in the @entity5254 subgroup, and 8.6% (78/903) in the tension @entity5745 subgroup. The cases with @entity5254 had a significantly higher mortality rate than the other two subgroups (p  <  0.05). All three subgroups had significantly higher mortality rates than the control group during the 1-year follow-up period (adjusted hazard ratios  =  2.29, 1.35, and 1.32 in the @entity5254 , tension @entity5745 , and @entity2972 subgroups, respectively). CONCLUSION: Post-traumatic CSF leakages had higher mortality rates than those without CSF leakages in @entity131 cases, and the cases with @entity5254 had worse outcomes compared with CSF leakages with @entity5745 or @entity2972 .

title: Risk of @entity204 in XXXX with post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage-Analysis of 1773 cases.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to assess the difference in fibroglandular volume and background parenchymal enhancement in @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation carriers on contrast-enhanced breast MRI (CE-MRI) performed before and immediately after @entity146 ( @entity146 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively compared fibroglandular volume and background parenchymal enhancement in 55 female @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation carriers before and after @entity146 using standard BI-RADS categories and a paired Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U test. A two-sample Wilcoxon test was performed to compare fibroglandular volume and background parenchymal enhancement in @entity1 with and without subsequent @entity0 diagnosis on follow-up. RESULTS. The median time to post- @entity146 CE-MRI was 8 months (range, 1-40 months). There was no difference in fibroglandular volume before and after @entity146 (p = 0.65). The mean background parenchymal enhancement was 2.5 (range, 1-4) before and 1.5 (range, 1-4) after @entity146 (overall range, -2.5 to 1.5; p = 0.0001). @entity0 was detected in nine @entity1 at a median time of 4.8 years (range, 1.8-13.3 years) after @entity146 . For @entity1 who received a diagnosis of @entity0 after @entity146 compared with those who did not, mean background parenchymal enhancement before @entity146 was 3 (range, 2-4) versus 2.5 (range, 1-4; p = 0.001), and mean background parenchymal enhancement after @entity146 was 2.5 (range, 1.5-4) versus 1.5 (range 2-4; p = 0.0018). There was no difference in fibroglandular volume before and after @entity146 . CONCLUSION. In @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation carriers, we observed a significant reduction in background parenchymal enhancement on the first CE-MRI after @entity146 and no significant change in fibroglandular volume. Higher background parenchymal enhancement before and after @entity146 was observed in @entity1 who subsequently received a diagnosis of @entity0 . This suggests that background parenchymal enhancement, rather than fibro-glandular volume, may be a more sensitive imaging biomarker of @entity0 risk.

title: Breast MRI Fibroglandular Volume and Parenchymal Enhancement in XXXX and @entity2674 Mutation Carriers Before and Immediately After Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['RRSO', 'risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to assess the difference in fibroglandular volume and background parenchymal enhancement in @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation carriers on contrast-enhanced breast MRI (CE-MRI) performed before and immediately after @entity146 ( @entity146 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively compared fibroglandular volume and background parenchymal enhancement in 55 female @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation carriers before and after @entity146 using standard BI-RADS categories and a paired Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U test. A two-sample Wilcoxon test was performed to compare fibroglandular volume and background parenchymal enhancement in @entity1 with and without subsequent @entity0 diagnosis on follow-up. RESULTS. The median time to post- @entity146 CE-MRI was 8 months (range, 1-40 months). There was no difference in fibroglandular volume before and after @entity146 (p = 0.65). The mean background parenchymal enhancement was 2.5 (range, 1-4) before and 1.5 (range, 1-4) after @entity146 (overall range, -2.5 to 1.5; p = 0.0001). @entity0 was detected in nine @entity1 at a median time of 4.8 years (range, 1.8-13.3 years) after @entity146 . For @entity1 who received a diagnosis of @entity0 after @entity146 compared with those who did not, mean background parenchymal enhancement before @entity146 was 3 (range, 2-4) versus 2.5 (range, 1-4; p = 0.001), and mean background parenchymal enhancement after @entity146 was 2.5 (range, 1.5-4) versus 1.5 (range 2-4; p = 0.0018). There was no difference in fibroglandular volume before and after @entity146 . CONCLUSION. In @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation carriers, we observed a significant reduction in background parenchymal enhancement on the first CE-MRI after @entity146 and no significant change in fibroglandular volume. Higher background parenchymal enhancement before and after @entity146 was observed in @entity1 who subsequently received a diagnosis of @entity0 . This suggests that background parenchymal enhancement, rather than fibro-glandular volume, may be a more sensitive imaging biomarker of @entity0 risk.

title: Breast MRI Fibroglandular Volume and Parenchymal Enhancement in @entity5345 and XXXX Mutation Carriers Before and Immediately After Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy.

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE. In this article, we summarize the progress to date on the use of superparamagnetic @entity1933 nanoparticles (SPIONs) as contrast agents for MRI of inflammatory processes. CONCLUSION. Phagocytosis by macrophages of injected SPIONs results in a prolonged shortening of both T2 and T2* leading to hypointensity of macrophage-infiltrated tissues in contrast-enhanced MR images. SPIONs as contrast agents are therefore useful for the in vivo MRI detection of macrophage infiltration, and there is substantial research and clinical interest in the use of SPION-based contrast agents for MRI of @entity281 and @entity32 . This technique has been used to identify active @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity5414 and @entity4034 ; importantly, the MRI signal intensity of the tissue has been found to return to its unenhanced value on successful treatment of the @entity281 . In SPION contrast-enhanced MRI of @entity32 , animal studies have shown decreased macrophage uptake in @entity731 after treatment with statin drugs. @entity1 studies have shown that both coronary and carotid plaques that take up SPIONs are more prone to rupture and that @entity439 with @entity101 are more likely to grow. Studies of @entity1 with @entity15 suggest that MRI using SPIONs may have increased sensitivity over @entity2287 for plaque detection. Finally, SPIONs have enabled the tracking and imaging of transplanted stem cells in a recipient host.

title: Iron-Based Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Contrast Agents for MRI of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased SPION uptake']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Infection and Inflammation']


abstract: AIMS: Obesity is characterized by a low-grade systemic inflammatory state and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) dysfunction, which predispose individuals to the development of @entity2690 resistance (IR) and @entity209 . However, a subset of @entity28 individuals, referred to as @entity28 ( @entity28 ) individuals, are protected from @entity28 -associated @entity209 . Here, we aim at identifying molecular factors and pathways in adipocytes that are responsible for the progression from the @entity2690 -sensitive to the @entity2690 -resistant, @entity28 ( @entity28 ) phenotype. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis of paired samples of adipocytes from subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) @entity1 @entity1386 revealed that both types of cells are altered in the @entity28 state. Specifically, the @entity2041 redox cycle and other antioxidant defense systems as well as the protein-folding machinery were dysregulated and endoplasmic reticulum stress was increased in adipocytes from IR subjects. Moreover, proteasome activity was also compromised in adipocytes of @entity28 individuals, which was associated with enhanced accumulation of oxidized and ubiquitinated proteins in these cells. Proteasome activity was also impaired in adipocytes of diet-induced @entity28 @entity19 and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to @entity2365 . In line with these data, proteasome inhibition significantly impaired @entity2690 signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. INNOVATION: This study provides the first evidence of the occurrence of protein homeostasis deregulation in adipocytes in @entity1 @entity28 , which, together with oxidative damage, interferes with @entity2690 signaling in these cells. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity409 and impaired proteostasis in adipocytes, resulting from protein oxidation and/or misfolding, constitute major pathogenic mechanisms in the development of IR in @entity28 . Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 597-612.

title: Proteasome Dysfunction Associated to Oxidative Stress and Proteotoxicity in Adipocytes Compromises XXXX Sensitivity in @entity1 Obesity.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['metabolically unhealthy obese', 'MHO', 'metabolically healthy obese', 'obese', 'obesity', 'MUHO']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['proteasomal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'AT']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: AIMS: Obesity is characterized by a low-grade systemic inflammatory state and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) dysfunction, which predispose individuals to the development of @entity2690 resistance (IR) and @entity209 . However, a subset of @entity28 individuals, referred to as @entity28 ( @entity28 ) individuals, are protected from @entity28 -associated @entity209 . Here, we aim at identifying molecular factors and pathways in adipocytes that are responsible for the progression from the @entity2690 -sensitive to the @entity2690 -resistant, @entity28 ( @entity28 ) phenotype. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis of paired samples of adipocytes from subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) @entity1 @entity1386 revealed that both types of cells are altered in the @entity28 state. Specifically, the @entity2041 redox cycle and other antioxidant defense systems as well as the protein-folding machinery were dysregulated and endoplasmic reticulum stress was increased in adipocytes from IR subjects. Moreover, proteasome activity was also compromised in adipocytes of @entity28 individuals, which was associated with enhanced accumulation of oxidized and ubiquitinated proteins in these cells. Proteasome activity was also impaired in adipocytes of diet-induced @entity28 @entity19 and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to @entity2365 . In line with these data, proteasome inhibition significantly impaired @entity2690 signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. INNOVATION: This study provides the first evidence of the occurrence of protein homeostasis deregulation in adipocytes in @entity1 @entity28 , which, together with oxidative damage, interferes with @entity2690 signaling in these cells. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity409 and impaired proteostasis in adipocytes, resulting from protein oxidation and/or misfolding, constitute major pathogenic mechanisms in the development of IR in @entity28 . Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 597-612.

title: Proteasome Dysfunction Associated to Oxidative Stress and Proteotoxicity in Adipocytes Compromises @entity2690 Sensitivity in XXXX Obesity.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']