abstract: Mutations in mtDNA are found in most @entity5 . In this study, we studied the role of @entity5 cell mutant mtDNA in tumorigenesis. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of three different @entity0 cell lines and found that all three, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435, contained mutations in mtDNA. MDA-MB-435 cells contained a mutation in the @entity3915 ) gene known to be involved in pathogenesis of @entity2383 . We generated a mutant cybrid (cytoplasmic hybrid) by repopulating the recipient rho(0) (completely devoid of mtDNA) cells with donor mtDNA derived from an enucleated @entity0 cell line. An isogenic wild-type cybrid was produced by transfer of normal mtDNA from a healthy donor. When compared to the wild type, we found that mutant mtDNA increases mitochondrial membrane potential. However, this increase in mitochondrial membrane potential was not associated with increase in reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production. MtDNA mutations conferred resistance to apoptosis triggered by @entity2879 . Our study also revealed that mutations in mtDNA increase metastatic potential. Using a tail-vein model of @entity3 in a @entity19 model, we show that the mutant cybrid metastatizes to the lungs and forms macrometastic foci. Additionally we found that mutations in mtDNA constitutively activate the @entity13959 / @entity584 pathway that contributes to increased metastatis. Together our study demonstrates that mutant mtDNA promotes apoptotic resistance and @entity3 in a @entity19 model.

title: @entity5 cell mitochondria confer apoptosis resistance and promote XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['MDA-MB-435 breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial diseases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Mutations in mtDNA are found in most @entity5 . In this study, we studied the role of @entity5 cell mutant mtDNA in tumorigenesis. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of three different @entity0 cell lines and found that all three, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435, contained mutations in mtDNA. MDA-MB-435 cells contained a mutation in the @entity3915 ) gene known to be involved in pathogenesis of @entity2383 . We generated a mutant cybrid (cytoplasmic hybrid) by repopulating the recipient rho(0) (completely devoid of mtDNA) cells with donor mtDNA derived from an enucleated @entity0 cell line. An isogenic wild-type cybrid was produced by transfer of normal mtDNA from a healthy donor. When compared to the wild type, we found that mutant mtDNA increases mitochondrial membrane potential. However, this increase in mitochondrial membrane potential was not associated with increase in reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production. MtDNA mutations conferred resistance to apoptosis triggered by @entity2879 . Our study also revealed that mutations in mtDNA increase metastatic potential. Using a tail-vein model of @entity3 in a @entity19 model, we show that the mutant cybrid metastatizes to the lungs and forms macrometastic foci. Additionally we found that mutations in mtDNA constitutively activate the @entity13959 / @entity584 pathway that contributes to increased metastatis. Together our study demonstrates that mutant mtDNA promotes apoptotic resistance and @entity3 in a @entity19 model.

title: XXXX cell mitochondria confer apoptosis resistance and promote @entity3 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In treatment-resistant @entity161 a combination of ECT with antipsychotics has been reported to have superior outcomes compared to other strategies, however the results were inconsistent. We investigated the long-term effects of the combination of unilateral, non-dominant hemisphere ECT with three antipsychotics. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The clinical study was a naturalistic, prospective, open-labeled, active-controlled study in adult outpatients of both genders suffering from treatment-resistant @entity161 with a follow up of 2 years. The @entity1 received @entity3216 (n=17, 100-400mg/day, PO), @entity1090 (n=26, 2-8 mg/day, PO) or @entity1037 (n=27, 5-10mg/day, PO). Unilateral ECT was applied in 1 unit (0.5A, 0.8 mS) in six single applications, once a week and further according to the clinical need, in fortnight steps. Clinical efficacy was established using the PANSS and CGI psychometric scales. RESULTS: According to the results, the most effective treatment mode was @entity1037 plus ECT, then @entity1090 plus ECT, while @entity3216 plus ECT had lower clinical efficacy. @entity1037 plus ECT was significantly superior in all scale scores vs @entity3216 plus ECT, as well as @entity1090 plus ECT except for PANSS-P (t=1.85, p>0.05). During the study, 38 of 70 @entity1 were withdrawn due to treatment failure (n=21), side effects (n=6) and non-compliance (n=11). CONCLUSION: The combination of novel antipsychotics and ECT can be used safely and effectively in treatment-resistant @entity161 .

title: Long-term efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy combined with different antipsychotic drugs in previously resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery is currently the primary treatment modality for @entity320 involving the inguinal lymph nodes. However, inguinal lymph node dissections are associated with substantial morbidity including @entity281 , wound @entity6783 , @entity4269 , @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). Improved understanding is needed regarding the factors predisposing @entity1 to complications and the operative and perioperative maneuvers that can decrease morbidity. METHODS: We reviewed recently published literature regarding the morbidity associated with lymphadenectomy in the treatment of inguinal @entity320 . Where available, emphasis was focused on appropriately designed studies aimed at reducing treatment-related morbidity. When appropriate, the review was supplemented by our personal experience. RESULTS: Strategies to limit treatment-related morbidity involve optimizing the preoperative assessment, operative technique, and postoperative care. Establishing the diagnosis of nodal @entity3 early using minimally invasive techniques is critical to reduce subsequent perioperative complications. Morbidity is higher for inguinal compared to cervical or axillary lymphadenectomy, and many variations in extent of inguinal lymphadenectomy and operative technique have been reported. The lack of definitive trials has led to controversy regarding surgical technique such as indications for pelvic lymphadenectomy ("deep" node dissection), saphenous vein preservation, and sartorius transposition. In the postoperative period, the use of @entity1211 and @entity4269 should be considered to potentially improve @entity1 outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: While the morbidity of inguinal lymphadenectomy can be substantial, several straightforward pre- and postoperative measures can be instituted to limit morbidity. Controversy persists regarding the indications for and benefit of pelvic lymphadenectomy, saphenous vein preservation, and sartorius muscle transposition. A multi-institutional trial is currently in progress to investigate the safety of avoiding lymphadenectomy in @entity1 with microscopic @entity3 in the sentinel node.

title: Limiting the morbidity of inguinal lymphadenectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema prophylaxis', 'lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['DVT', 'seroma, and deep venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between intrauterine cytomegalovirus (HCMV) @entity281 and @entity600 , and to determine the distribution of tissues infected. METHODS: Autopsy samples of 41 @entity1 with @entity600 and 19 @entity1 with normal appearances were studied. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique the paraffin embedded specimens of main organs were examined for @entity281 . @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) was performed in some of the PCR positive tissues in order to define the distribution of HCMV DNA. RESULTS: 19 of the 41 @entity1 (46.34%) with @entity154 were HCMV positive, while 1 in 19 (5.26%) were positive in the control group, and there was significant difference between the 2 groups (P < 0.05), 20.46% (35/171) of the fetal organ samples were HCMV DNA positive in the @entity600 group, but only 1 out of 78 samples (1.28%%) was positive in the pulmonary tissue of the control group. More malformations of the digestive system were presented in HCMV infected babies but no statistical significant difference when compared with other systems. Brain tissue had the highest @entity281 rates (41.37%, 12/29), which was significantly higher than other organs. By @entity2735 technique HCMV DNA was found only in 6 out of 17 PCR positive samples, and they were located at neurons, neurogliocytes, epithelium and interstitial cells of the kidney, and epithelial cells of @entity358 . CONCLUSION: There are strong correlation between @entity281 and @entity600 , and brain is more susceptible to HCMV. By combining PCR and @entity2735 , both sensitivity and distribution of HCMV could be obtained.

title: [Human cytomegalovirus @entity281 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['ISH', 'In-situ hybridization']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HCMV infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alveolar']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['congenital malformation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between intrauterine cytomegalovirus (HCMV) @entity281 and @entity600 , and to determine the distribution of tissues infected. METHODS: Autopsy samples of 41 @entity1 with @entity600 and 19 @entity1 with normal appearances were studied. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique the paraffin embedded specimens of main organs were examined for @entity281 . @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) was performed in some of the PCR positive tissues in order to define the distribution of HCMV DNA. RESULTS: 19 of the 41 @entity1 (46.34%) with @entity154 were HCMV positive, while 1 in 19 (5.26%) were positive in the control group, and there was significant difference between the 2 groups (P < 0.05), 20.46% (35/171) of the fetal organ samples were HCMV DNA positive in the @entity600 group, but only 1 out of 78 samples (1.28%%) was positive in the pulmonary tissue of the control group. More malformations of the digestive system were presented in HCMV infected babies but no statistical significant difference when compared with other systems. Brain tissue had the highest @entity281 rates (41.37%, 12/29), which was significantly higher than other organs. By @entity2735 technique HCMV DNA was found only in 6 out of 17 PCR positive samples, and they were located at neurons, neurogliocytes, epithelium and interstitial cells of the kidney, and epithelial cells of @entity358 . CONCLUSION: There are strong correlation between @entity281 and @entity600 , and brain is more susceptible to HCMV. By combining PCR and @entity2735 , both sensitivity and distribution of HCMV could be obtained.

title: [Human cytomegalovirus XXXX and @entity600 ].

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: Studies on the thymic ontogeny of naturally arising @entity1961 (+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (TR cells) are complicated by the contamination of recirculating cells from the periphery (both activated @entity1961 (+) T and TR cells). We investigated TR cells in anti- @entity1961 antibody transgenic (Tg) (GK) @entity19 that continuously deplete peripheral @entity1961 T cells but not thymocytes so that the generation of thymic TR cells and their developmental requirement can be accurately assessed. We show that in the thymuses of @entity19 that lack peripheral @entity1961 (+) cells, TR cells were present but were fewer in number compared with @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 . Therefore, we show that peripheral TR cells do re-enter the thymus, comprising 20% of TR cells in the normal thymus. TR cells from both @entity164 and GK @entity19 expressed @entity3744 and @entity6553 , and suppressed the proliferation of CD25(-) @entity1961 (+) T cells. Furthermore, the co-stimulation requirements for TR generation were evaluated in @entity19 with or without peripheral @entity1961 cells. Splenic TR cells in @entity4458 (-/-) @entity19 and @entity17796 Ig Tg @entity19 were fewer compared with @entity164 @entity19 . @entity19 deficient in both co-stimulatory pathways had further reduction in splenic TR cells. Unlike the periphery, the reduction in thymic TR cells was only seen for @entity4458 (-/-) but not for @entity17796 Ig Tg @entity19 . Therefore, we found that the co-stimulation requirements for the thymic development of TR cells differed from those for peripheral homeostasis.

title: The origin of thymic @entity1961 +CD25+ regulatory T cells and their co-stimulatory requirements are determined after elimination of recirculating peripheral XXXX + cells.

answer: @entity1961 :: (12504(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: Studies on the thymic ontogeny of naturally arising @entity1961 (+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (TR cells) are complicated by the contamination of recirculating cells from the periphery (both activated @entity1961 (+) T and TR cells). We investigated TR cells in anti- @entity1961 antibody transgenic (Tg) (GK) @entity19 that continuously deplete peripheral @entity1961 T cells but not thymocytes so that the generation of thymic TR cells and their developmental requirement can be accurately assessed. We show that in the thymuses of @entity19 that lack peripheral @entity1961 (+) cells, TR cells were present but were fewer in number compared with @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 . Therefore, we show that peripheral TR cells do re-enter the thymus, comprising 20% of TR cells in the normal thymus. TR cells from both @entity164 and GK @entity19 expressed @entity3744 and @entity6553 , and suppressed the proliferation of CD25(-) @entity1961 (+) T cells. Furthermore, the co-stimulation requirements for TR generation were evaluated in @entity19 with or without peripheral @entity1961 cells. Splenic TR cells in @entity4458 (-/-) @entity19 and @entity17796 Ig Tg @entity19 were fewer compared with @entity164 @entity19 . @entity19 deficient in both co-stimulatory pathways had further reduction in splenic TR cells. Unlike the periphery, the reduction in thymic TR cells was only seen for @entity4458 (-/-) but not for @entity17796 Ig Tg @entity19 . Therefore, we found that the co-stimulation requirements for the thymic development of TR cells differed from those for peripheral homeostasis.

title: The origin of thymic XXXX +CD25+ regulatory T cells and their co-stimulatory requirements are determined after elimination of recirculating peripheral @entity1961 + cells.

answer: @entity1961 :: (12504(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if quantitative abnormalities of circulating fetal trophoblast cells (CFTCs) are associated with @entity1468 . METHODS: The trophoblast cell-specific antibody, MEM-G/9 (monoclonal antibody to @entity6393 ), was applied to distinguish the trophoblast cells from the maternal circulation. The trophoblast cells were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation from maternal blood samples of normal pregnant and preeclamptic @entity1 , respectively. After preliminary enrichment, the CFTCs were identified by immunocytochemical staining with the MEM-G/9. To prove fetal origin of the @entity6393 -positive cells, primer-extension preamplification (PEP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on single @entity6393 -positive cells were adopted to detect @entity1 @entity16438 gene. RESULTS: There were 6.88 +/- 1.54 and 30.56 +/- 5.16 @entity6393 -positive cells in 6 mL maternal blood from the normal pregnant (n = 16) and preeclamptic @entity1 (n = 18), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The @entity16438 gene from the @entity6393 -positive cells was detected in all pregnant @entity1 carrying male fetuses. The sensitivity and specificity of @entity7955 and PCR for the @entity16438 gene detection were 100%. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that enhancement of CFTCs numbers is related to @entity1468 , which provides information useful for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of @entity1468 .

title: Quantitative abnormalities of fetal trophoblast cells in maternal circulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16438 :: ('6736', 'Gene') :: ['SRY', 'sex-determining region of the Y-chromosome (SRY)']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cocktail therapy consists of extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT), hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBO) and @entity561 . We hypothesized that this combined therapy may produce better results than ESWT alone when treating hip @entity39 . METHODS: This prospective, randomized study evaluated the effectiveness of cocktail therapy in early hip @entity39 , and then compared it to shock wave treatment alone. Sixty-three @entity1 (98 hips) were randomly divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 28 @entity1 (50 hips) who received cocktail therapy, and group B consisted of 35 @entity1 (48 hips) who received only ESWT. Each affected hip was treated with 6,000 shocks of ESWT at 28 kV (equivalent to 0.62 mJ/mm2) in a single session. Cocktail @entity1 also received HBO therapy performed in a multi-place chamber daily for 20 treatments, and they were administered 70 mg of @entity561 orally per week for 1 year. The evaluations included clinical assessment, radiograph and MRI. RESULTS: After a minimum of 2-years of follow-up, the overall results showed 74% improved, 16% unchanged and 10% worsened in group A; and 79.2% improved, 10.4% unchanged and 10.4% worsened in group B (P = 0.717). Total hip replacement (THR) was performed for 10% of group A and 10.4% of group B (P = 0.946). MRI showed significant reduction in @entity236 and a trend of decrease in the size of the lesions in both groups, however, no difference was noted between the two groups. Cocktail therapy is effective for early hip @entity39 , but the results are comparable to ESWT in short-term follow up. The joint effects of HBO and @entity561 over EWST were not observed. CONCLUSION: Long-term results are needed to determine whether or not the synergistic effects of ESWT, HBO and @entity561 over ESWT alone exist in early hip @entity39 .

title: Cocktail therapy for femoral XXXX of the hip.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['head necrosis']


abstract: Microalbuminuria (MA) is known as a marker for generalized @entity455 . It occurs most commonly in the setting of @entity6 and @entity101 ; however, its association with @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ) in community-based elderly remains to be clarified. In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated the association between MA and @entity6249 in total 651 community-based elderly subjects. We assessed cardiovascular risk factors by interviews and physical examinations, including an evaluation of urinary albumin @entity1011 ratio (UACR). All subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and carotid ultrasonography. As endothelial markers, the serum levels of @entity9820 (TM) and a tissue-type plasminogen activator/ plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex were also studied. The mean TM and UACR were higher in subjects with @entity1188 or with moderate @entity62 (mWMH) on MRI than in those without them. Additionally, the prevalence of @entity1188 or mWMH was higher in the highest tertile of UACR level than in the lowest or middle tertile. Furthermore, in logistic regression analysis, the elevation of logarithmically transformed UACR (log UACR) was associated with the higher likelihood for @entity1188 (odds ratio [OR], 1.85 per one log UACR increase), @entity1188 (OR, 1.89 per one log UACR increase), and mWMH (OR, 2.15 per one log UACR increase). The present study revealed that levels of urinary albumin are associated with @entity6249 , independently of traditional cerebrovascular risk factors, in community-based elderly.

title: Microalbuminuria is a risk factor for XXXX in community-based elderly subjects.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small vessel disease', 'cerebral SVD', 'SVD']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['total lacunar infarcts', 'lacunar infarcts', 'multiple lacunar infarcts']

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['thrombomodulin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hyperintensities']

answer: @entity6249 :: (MESH:D059345,Disease) :: ['cerebral small vessel disease']


abstract: The @entity13221 family of four transmembrane heparan @entity597 proteoglycans binds a variety of soluble and insoluble extracellular effectors. @entity13221 extracellular domains (ectodomains) can be shed intact by proteolytic cleavage of their core proteins, yielding soluble proteoglycans that retain the binding properties of their cell surface precursors. Shedding is accelerated by PMA activation of protein kinase C, and by ligand activation of the @entity556 (G-protein-coupled) and EGF (protein @entity669 kinase) receptors (Subramanian, S.V., M.L. Fitzgerald, and M. Bernfield. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:14713-14720). @entity32138 ectodomains are found in acute dermal wound fluids, where they regulate growth factor activity (Kato, M., H. Wang, V. Kainulainen, M.L. Fitzgerald, S. Ledbetter, D.M. Ornitz, and M. Bernfield. 1998. Nat. Med. 4:691-697) and proteolytic balance (Kainulainen, V., H. Wang, C. Schick, and M. Bernfield. 1998. J. Biol. Chem. 273:11563-11569). However, little is known about how @entity13221 ectodomain shedding is regulated. To elucidate the mechanisms that regulate @entity13221 shedding, we analyzed several features of the process that sheds the @entity32138 ectodomains. We find that shedding accelerated by various physiologic agents involves activation of distinct intracellular signaling pathways; and the proteolytic activity responsible for cleavage of @entity13221 core proteins, which is associated with the cell surface, can act on unstimulated adjacent cells, and is specifically inhibited by @entity8111 inhibitor. In addition, we find that the @entity13221 core protein is cleaved on the cell surface at a juxtamembrane site; and the proteolytic activity responsible for accelerated shedding differs from that involved in constitutive shedding of the @entity13221 ectodomains. These results demonstrate the existence of highly regulated mechanisms that can rapidly convert syndecans from cell surface receptors or coreceptors to soluble heparan @entity597 proteoglycan effectors. Because the shed ectodomains are found and function in vivo, regulation of @entity13221 ectodomain shedding by physiological mediators indicates that shedding is a response to specific developmental and pathophysiological cues.

title: Shedding of XXXX ectodomains is regulated by multiple signaling pathways and mediated by a TIMP-3-sensitive metalloproteinase.

entities_list: @entity8111 :: ('7078', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-3, a matrix-associated metalloproteinase']

entities_list: @entity13221 :: ('6382', 'Gene') :: ['syndecan', 'syndecan-1', 'Syndecan']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity32138 :: (6382;6385,Gene) :: ['syndecan-1 and -4']


abstract: Measurement of @entity11111 (E3) and @entity53 ( @entity10819 ) within 22 min by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was achieved in this study, and the values were compared with those of a radioimmunoassay (RIA). A totally computerized HPLC method was developed for measuring unconjugated E3 (u-E3) and @entity10819 ( @entity10819 ) in the sera of pregnant women. The serum samples were injected directly into the apparatus and transferred to a pretreatment column where the @entity172 were absorbed while hydrophilic components such as proteins and carbohydrates were excluded. The @entity172 were then passed through another separation column containing a new type of polymer gel. The mobile phase consisted of an @entity1626 -water mixture, and separation was achieved by means of a reversed-phase procedure. The eluate was monitored for fluorescence. All procedures were monitored and controlled with a built-in microcomputer. Serum samples from 97 normal pregnant @entity1 at 20-41 wk gestation were simultaneously assayed by HPLC and RIA. The correlations obtained by HPLC and RIA were as follows: u-E3, y = 0.905x - 0.385, with a coefficient of correlation of r = 0.912; for @entity10819 , y = 0.964x + 5.024, with a coefficient of correlation of r = 0.841 (y, RIA value; x, HPLC value). The quick measurement of u-E3 and @entity10819 by HPLC can be a useful method for evaluating fetoplacental function.

title: Measurement of serum unconjugated XXXX and @entity53 by high-performance liquid chromatography.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity11111 :: (MESH:D004964,Chemical) :: ['estriol']


abstract: Measurement of @entity11111 (E3) and @entity53 ( @entity10819 ) within 22 min by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was achieved in this study, and the values were compared with those of a radioimmunoassay (RIA). A totally computerized HPLC method was developed for measuring unconjugated E3 (u-E3) and @entity10819 ( @entity10819 ) in the sera of pregnant women. The serum samples were injected directly into the apparatus and transferred to a pretreatment column where the @entity172 were absorbed while hydrophilic components such as proteins and carbohydrates were excluded. The @entity172 were then passed through another separation column containing a new type of polymer gel. The mobile phase consisted of an @entity1626 -water mixture, and separation was achieved by means of a reversed-phase procedure. The eluate was monitored for fluorescence. All procedures were monitored and controlled with a built-in microcomputer. Serum samples from 97 normal pregnant @entity1 at 20-41 wk gestation were simultaneously assayed by HPLC and RIA. The correlations obtained by HPLC and RIA were as follows: u-E3, y = 0.905x - 0.385, with a coefficient of correlation of r = 0.912; for @entity10819 , y = 0.964x + 5.024, with a coefficient of correlation of r = 0.841 (y, RIA value; x, HPLC value). The quick measurement of u-E3 and @entity10819 by HPLC can be a useful method for evaluating fetoplacental function.

title: Measurement of serum unconjugated @entity11111 and XXXX by high-performance liquid chromatography.

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: PURPOSE: The potent effects of @entity2630 on tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in various experimental models are complex, complicated and at times contradictory. We determined the therapeutic potential of @entity2630 for inhibiting @entity150 invasion under conditions that closely mimic the clinical setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An orthotopic @entity35 @entity150 model was established by implanting AY-27 @entity35 transitional @entity189 cells into the bladder lumen of syngeneic Fischer F344 @entity35 . Three weeks after implantation 1 microM @entity2630 was administrated directly into the bladder lumen twice weekly for 2 weeks. Two days after the final treatment @entity5 size, total bladder weight, @entity5 stage and angiogenesis were assessed. To assess the @entity11693 axis the levels of active and total @entity11693 , and active and total @entity2630 in @entity5 extracts were determined 0, 2, 24 and 48 hours after intravesical @entity2630 administration. RESULTS: Intravesical @entity2630 bound and inactivated its molecular target, @entity5 @entity11693 . There was significant inhibition of @entity150 progression, as manifested by 53%, 37% and 57% reductions in @entity5 size, total bladder weight and angiogenesis, respectively. Only 22% of @entity2630 treated @entity5 invaded muscle vs 79% in controls. No @entity2630 @entity137 was detected. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this study is the first to demonstrate that intravesical treatment with @entity2630 significantly inhibits @entity5 progression in an in vivo model of @entity150 . Further clinical development is warranted for using @entity2630 directly or in combination with current standards, such as bacillus Calmette-Guerin or interferon.

title: Intravesical administration of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 inhibits in vivo XXXX invasion and progression.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumor']


abstract: We aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary symptoms and complications in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and to investigate the correlation of these symptoms and complications with urodynamic findings and disease characteristics (primary progressive, relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive). Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity15 were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were divided into three clinical types: primary progressive, relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive. Urological symptoms and complications were recorded. Each @entity1 underwent a urodynamic investigation. @entity1 were evaluated for overall disability using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). We found that 22 @entity1 had primary progressive, 18 @entity1 had relapsing-remitting and 12 @entity1 had secondary progressive @entity15 . Urgency was the most frequent urinary symptom (65%). @entity293 was the most frequent @entity1494 (15%). @entity427 was found to be the main @entity1494 (27%). Detrusor @entity1690 was found in 25% of @entity1 , and @entity427 was detected in 6%. No relationship was found between urinary symptoms and @entity854 (p>0.05) and between @entity1494 and urodynamic findings (p>0.05). No significant correlation was found between disease characteristics and urinary symptoms, @entity1494 or urodynamic findings (p>0.05). We suggest that the assessment of urological symptoms and urodynamic evaluation is critical for evaluating quality of life in @entity15 .

title: Urinary dysfunction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary complications', 'bladder dysfunction', 'urinary complication']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['urodynamic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyporeflexia', 'Detrusor hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary infection']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Shiga toxin has the potential to induce expression of inflammation-associated genes, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We examined the effects of subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB), an AB(5) toxin produced by some Shiga toxigenic @entity526 , on the activation of NF-kappaB. SubAB is known to be a protease which selectively degrades @entity21205 / @entity21205 . Treatment of NRK-52E cells with SubAB caused rapid cleavage of @entity21205 . Following the degradation of @entity21205 , transient activation of NF-kappaB was observed with a peak at 6-12 h; the activation subsided within 24 h despite the continuous absence of intact @entity21205 . The activation of NF-kappaB was preceded by transient phosphorylation of @entity2308 . Treatment of the cells with a selective inhibitor of @entity73082 or an inhibitor of PI3K attenuated SubAB-induced NF-kappaB activation, suggesting that activation of @entity2308 is an event upstream of NF-kappaB. Degradation of @entity21205 caused the unfolded protein response (UPR), and inducers of the UPR mimicked the stimulatory effects of SubAB on @entity2308 and NF-kappaB. SubAB triggered the three major branches of the UPR including the IRE1- @entity12381 , PERK, and @entity37735 pathways. Dominant-negative inhibition of IRE1alpha, @entity12381 , or PERK did not attenuate activation of NF-kappaB by SubAB. In contrast, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of @entity37735 significantly suppressed SubAB-triggered @entity2308 phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation. These results suggested that loss of @entity21205 by SubAB leads to transient phosphorylation of @entity2308 and consequent activation of NF-kappaB through the @entity37735 branch of the UPR.

title: Activation of the XXXX -NF-kappaB pathway by subtilase cytotoxin through the @entity37735 branch of the unfolded protein response.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity2308 :: (24185(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: Shiga toxin has the potential to induce expression of inflammation-associated genes, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We examined the effects of subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB), an AB(5) toxin produced by some Shiga toxigenic @entity526 , on the activation of NF-kappaB. SubAB is known to be a protease which selectively degrades @entity21205 / @entity21205 . Treatment of NRK-52E cells with SubAB caused rapid cleavage of @entity21205 . Following the degradation of @entity21205 , transient activation of NF-kappaB was observed with a peak at 6-12 h; the activation subsided within 24 h despite the continuous absence of intact @entity21205 . The activation of NF-kappaB was preceded by transient phosphorylation of @entity2308 . Treatment of the cells with a selective inhibitor of @entity73082 or an inhibitor of PI3K attenuated SubAB-induced NF-kappaB activation, suggesting that activation of @entity2308 is an event upstream of NF-kappaB. Degradation of @entity21205 caused the unfolded protein response (UPR), and inducers of the UPR mimicked the stimulatory effects of SubAB on @entity2308 and NF-kappaB. SubAB triggered the three major branches of the UPR including the IRE1- @entity12381 , PERK, and @entity37735 pathways. Dominant-negative inhibition of IRE1alpha, @entity12381 , or PERK did not attenuate activation of NF-kappaB by SubAB. In contrast, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of @entity37735 significantly suppressed SubAB-triggered @entity2308 phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation. These results suggested that loss of @entity21205 by SubAB leads to transient phosphorylation of @entity2308 and consequent activation of NF-kappaB through the @entity37735 branch of the UPR.

title: Activation of the @entity2308 -NF-kappaB pathway by subtilase cytotoxin through the XXXX branch of the unfolded protein response.

answer: @entity37735 :: (304962(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['ATF6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is increasing evidence that circulating levels of soluble @entity5823 (sCD30) may represent a biomarker for outcome in kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to measure the pre- and posttransplantation serum levels of sCD30 in cadaveric kidney transplant recipients and correlate them with serum @entity1011 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Serum sCD30 was measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from prospective samples of 38 kidney allograft recipients serially transplanted at our center. Samples were collected at day 0 pretransplantation and at months 6, 12, 18, and 24 posttransplantation. We also studied sera from 29 @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) at different stages of the K/DOQI guidelines, as a control group. RESULTS: Serum levels of sCD30 decreased significantly in samples posttransplantation compared with pretransplantation. The significant decrease after transplantation may be related to the improvement in renal function since we observed a significant correlation between serum levels of sCD30 and @entity1011 (sCr) at all times of the study. In addition, the @entity1 with @entity177 showed a significant association between serum sCD30 and sCr (r = .454; P = .013). CONCLUSIONS: Our results did not suggest that the measurement of sCD30 may be used as a valuable biomarker in renal transplantation. Increased levels may be related to a decrease in its renal elimination.

title: Association between serum soluble @entity5823 and serum XXXX before and after renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is increasing evidence that circulating levels of soluble @entity5823 (sCD30) may represent a biomarker for outcome in kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to measure the pre- and posttransplantation serum levels of sCD30 in cadaveric kidney transplant recipients and correlate them with serum @entity1011 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Serum sCD30 was measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from prospective samples of 38 kidney allograft recipients serially transplanted at our center. Samples were collected at day 0 pretransplantation and at months 6, 12, 18, and 24 posttransplantation. We also studied sera from 29 @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) at different stages of the K/DOQI guidelines, as a control group. RESULTS: Serum levels of sCD30 decreased significantly in samples posttransplantation compared with pretransplantation. The significant decrease after transplantation may be related to the improvement in renal function since we observed a significant correlation between serum levels of sCD30 and @entity1011 (sCr) at all times of the study. In addition, the @entity1 with @entity177 showed a significant association between serum sCD30 and sCr (r = .454; P = .013). CONCLUSIONS: Our results did not suggest that the measurement of sCD30 may be used as a valuable biomarker in renal transplantation. Increased levels may be related to a decrease in its renal elimination.

title: Association between serum soluble XXXX and serum @entity1011 before and after renal transplantation.

answer: @entity5823 :: (943,Gene) :: ['CD30']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Invasive assessment of pulmonary artery pressure ( @entity2786 ), via right heart catheterization, is part of the usual protocol prior to heart transplantation. Echocardiography is considered a valuable technique to evaluate @entity2786 . We sought to determine the reliability of measurements of @entity2786 via a noninvasive technique, echocardiography, in relation to the estimated @entity2786 via right catheterization. We also determined its safety when invasive procedures are restricted to just @entity1 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ) according to echocardiographic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 67 right catheterizations performed in our hospital, within the heart transplant study protocol, from January 2000 to December 2006. @entity2786 parameters were estimated by echocardiography and right catheterization. RESULTS: Hemodynamically, 57.1% of the @entity1 had severe @entity120 (more than 45 mm Hg mean @entity2786 ); 13.2% moderate @entity120 (between 35 and 45 mm Hg mean @entity2786 ); 12.1% had mild @entity120 (between 25 and 35 mm Hg mean @entity2786 ); and 17.6% of @entity1 showed no @entity120 . Pearson correlation index with systolic @entity2786 (estimated via echocardiography) and mean @entity2786 (calculated via invasive method) was 0.69 (P < .001). @entity120 was considered significant when systolic @entity2786 estimated via echocardiography reached more than 40 mm Hg and mean @entity2786 estimated via right catheterization reached more than 35 mm Hg, the value from which the vasodilator test was carried out. According to these parameters, echocardiography showed a sensitivity of 89% to diagnose significant @entity120 and 46% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 70% and 76%, respectively.

title: Correlation of echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters in XXXX assessment prior to heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PHT']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The side effects of proliferation signal inhibitors (PSIs) have been characterized as a class. However, it would be convenient to assess them according to the molecule. OBJECTIVE: To assess prospectively the tolerance of PSIs among @entity299 ( @entity299 ) @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 56 @entity299 @entity1 who sequentially received PSIs to either withdraw (77%) or reduce the dosage of a calcineurin inhibitor; 42 received @entity2239 (EVE) and 14 @entity3446 (SRL). We analyzed the demographic variables, side effects, and need to withdraw the drug during a median follow-up period of 365 days. RESULTS: No differences between groups were observed upon analysis of the clinical and demographic variables when the treatment was changed owing to @entity8 (67%) or @entity5 (32%). No difference between groups was observed over the follow-up period (P = .28). Infection was the most common side effect, 28.6%: EVE, 14.3% versus SRL, 71.4% (P < .0001). @entity4 occurred in 26.8% of @entity1 : EVE, 14.3% versus SRL, 64.3% (P = .001); @entity294 in 5.4% of @entity1 : EVE, 2.4% versus SRL, 14.3% (P = .15). Treatment was withdrawn in 23.2% of the @entity1 due to intolerance: EVE, 11.9% versus SRL, 57.1% (P < .0001). EVE showed significantly better survival without @entity4 or @entity281 or used for drug withdrawal upon Kaplan-Meier analysis, (P = .01; P = .0005; P = .0097). Only SRL use was shown to be an independent predictor of side effects. CONCLUSION: @entity4 and @entity281 are the main problems caused by PSIs. EVE may display a better tolerance profile than SRL.

title: Tolerance profile of the proliferation signal inhibitors XXXX and @entity3446 in heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'heart transplant']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The side effects of proliferation signal inhibitors (PSIs) have been characterized as a class. However, it would be convenient to assess them according to the molecule. OBJECTIVE: To assess prospectively the tolerance of PSIs among @entity299 ( @entity299 ) @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 56 @entity299 @entity1 who sequentially received PSIs to either withdraw (77%) or reduce the dosage of a calcineurin inhibitor; 42 received @entity2239 (EVE) and 14 @entity3446 (SRL). We analyzed the demographic variables, side effects, and need to withdraw the drug during a median follow-up period of 365 days. RESULTS: No differences between groups were observed upon analysis of the clinical and demographic variables when the treatment was changed owing to @entity8 (67%) or @entity5 (32%). No difference between groups was observed over the follow-up period (P = .28). Infection was the most common side effect, 28.6%: EVE, 14.3% versus SRL, 71.4% (P < .0001). @entity4 occurred in 26.8% of @entity1 : EVE, 14.3% versus SRL, 64.3% (P = .001); @entity294 in 5.4% of @entity1 : EVE, 2.4% versus SRL, 14.3% (P = .15). Treatment was withdrawn in 23.2% of the @entity1 due to intolerance: EVE, 11.9% versus SRL, 57.1% (P < .0001). EVE showed significantly better survival without @entity4 or @entity281 or used for drug withdrawal upon Kaplan-Meier analysis, (P = .01; P = .0005; P = .0097). Only SRL use was shown to be an independent predictor of side effects. CONCLUSION: @entity4 and @entity281 are the main problems caused by PSIs. EVE may display a better tolerance profile than SRL.

title: Tolerance profile of the proliferation signal inhibitors @entity2239 and XXXX in heart transplantation.

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: The clinical characteristics of elderly @entity1 with multiple @entity438 were studied. A total of 481 @entity1 , in whom the exact location of their @entity1756 could be confirmed, were classified into two age groups, that is, those aged 59 years or younger (group 1: 247 cases, 51%) and those aged 60 years or older (group 2: 234 cases, 49%). The incidences of @entity439 were 30% for group 1 and 27% for group 2. This difference is statistically not significant. The rate of @entity439 was less frequent in males than in females in group 2, whereas no difference could be found in group 1. The age distribution of @entity1 with @entity439 was basically similar to that of @entity1 with single @entity439 . While the highest @entity397 rate was observed in the anterior communicating @entity438 of both groups, this tendency was more prominent in group 2 (79%) than in group 1 (59%). The @entity397 rates for other sites in group 2 were 50% for @entity438 , 40% for internal carotid @entity438 and 28% for @entity438 . The pattern of surgical outcome showed no major differences between multiple and single @entity439 in either group 1 or 2. However, group 1 had better surgical results than group 2. Even though the surgical outcome for @entity439 in elderly @entity1 was satisfactory, awareness of the probability of @entity397 at each site is helpful, especially when it is necessary to decide whether @entity439 should be operated on or not.

title: XXXX in elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms', 'artery aneurysms', 'intracranial aneurysms', 'middle cerebral artery aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'unruptured aneurysms', 'multiple aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Multiple intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: The clinical characteristics of elderly @entity1 with multiple @entity438 were studied. A total of 481 @entity1 , in whom the exact location of their @entity1756 could be confirmed, were classified into two age groups, that is, those aged 59 years or younger (group 1: 247 cases, 51%) and those aged 60 years or older (group 2: 234 cases, 49%). The incidences of @entity439 were 30% for group 1 and 27% for group 2. This difference is statistically not significant. The rate of @entity439 was less frequent in males than in females in group 2, whereas no difference could be found in group 1. The age distribution of @entity1 with @entity439 was basically similar to that of @entity1 with single @entity439 . While the highest @entity397 rate was observed in the anterior communicating @entity438 of both groups, this tendency was more prominent in group 2 (79%) than in group 1 (59%). The @entity397 rates for other sites in group 2 were 50% for @entity438 , 40% for internal carotid @entity438 and 28% for @entity438 . The pattern of surgical outcome showed no major differences between multiple and single @entity439 in either group 1 or 2. However, group 1 had better surgical results than group 2. Even though the surgical outcome for @entity439 in elderly @entity1 was satisfactory, awareness of the probability of @entity397 at each site is helpful, especially when it is necessary to decide whether @entity439 should be operated on or not.

title: @entity438 in elderly XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1200 is one of the fundamental aspects of the immune system. The @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) regulatory T (Treg) cells have emerged as key players in the development of tolerance to self and foreign antigens. However, little is known about the endogenous factors and mechanisms controlling their suppressive capacity on immune response. In this study, we observed that @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), an n-3 @entity5204 , diminished, in a dose-dependent manner, the capacity of Treg cells to inhibit the @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (-) effector T-cell proliferation. @entity4601 not only reduced the migration of Treg cells toward chemokines but also downregulated the mRNA expression of @entity16952 and @entity436 in Treg cells. @entity4601 also curtailed @entity1366 and Akt phosphorylation and downregulated the @entity8110 levels in these cells. Contradictorily, @entity4601 upregulated the mRNA expression of @entity403 , @entity4386 , @entity2533 , and @entity688 ; nonetheless, this @entity844 increased the expression of @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) mRNA, known to be involved in Treg cell unresponsiveness. In @entity403 -immunoprepitated nuclear proteins, @entity4601 upregulated histone desacetylase 7 levels that would again participate in the unresposnsiveness of these cells. Finally, a @entity4601 -enriched diet also diminished, ex vivo, the suppressive capacity of Treg cells. Altogether, these results suggest that @entity4601 , by diminishing Treg cell functions, may play a key role in health and disease.

title: @entity4600 reduces suppressive and migratory functions of @entity404 + XXXX + regulatory T-cells.

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['Immunological tolerance']

answer: @entity2902 :: (3559,Gene) :: ['CD25']


abstract: @entity1200 is one of the fundamental aspects of the immune system. The @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) regulatory T (Treg) cells have emerged as key players in the development of tolerance to self and foreign antigens. However, little is known about the endogenous factors and mechanisms controlling their suppressive capacity on immune response. In this study, we observed that @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), an n-3 @entity5204 , diminished, in a dose-dependent manner, the capacity of Treg cells to inhibit the @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (-) effector T-cell proliferation. @entity4601 not only reduced the migration of Treg cells toward chemokines but also downregulated the mRNA expression of @entity16952 and @entity436 in Treg cells. @entity4601 also curtailed @entity1366 and Akt phosphorylation and downregulated the @entity8110 levels in these cells. Contradictorily, @entity4601 upregulated the mRNA expression of @entity403 , @entity4386 , @entity2533 , and @entity688 ; nonetheless, this @entity844 increased the expression of @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) mRNA, known to be involved in Treg cell unresponsiveness. In @entity403 -immunoprepitated nuclear proteins, @entity4601 upregulated histone desacetylase 7 levels that would again participate in the unresposnsiveness of these cells. Finally, a @entity4601 -enriched diet also diminished, ex vivo, the suppressive capacity of Treg cells. Altogether, these results suggest that @entity4601 , by diminishing Treg cell functions, may play a key role in health and disease.

title: XXXX reduces suppressive and migratory functions of @entity404 + @entity2902 + regulatory T-cells.

answer: @entity4600 :: (CHEBI:28125,Chemical) :: ['Docosahexaenoic acid']


abstract: @entity1200 is one of the fundamental aspects of the immune system. The @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) regulatory T (Treg) cells have emerged as key players in the development of tolerance to self and foreign antigens. However, little is known about the endogenous factors and mechanisms controlling their suppressive capacity on immune response. In this study, we observed that @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), an n-3 @entity5204 , diminished, in a dose-dependent manner, the capacity of Treg cells to inhibit the @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (-) effector T-cell proliferation. @entity4601 not only reduced the migration of Treg cells toward chemokines but also downregulated the mRNA expression of @entity16952 and @entity436 in Treg cells. @entity4601 also curtailed @entity1366 and Akt phosphorylation and downregulated the @entity8110 levels in these cells. Contradictorily, @entity4601 upregulated the mRNA expression of @entity403 , @entity4386 , @entity2533 , and @entity688 ; nonetheless, this @entity844 increased the expression of @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) mRNA, known to be involved in Treg cell unresponsiveness. In @entity403 -immunoprepitated nuclear proteins, @entity4601 upregulated histone desacetylase 7 levels that would again participate in the unresposnsiveness of these cells. Finally, a @entity4601 -enriched diet also diminished, ex vivo, the suppressive capacity of Treg cells. Altogether, these results suggest that @entity4601 , by diminishing Treg cell functions, may play a key role in health and disease.

title: @entity4600 reduces suppressive and migratory functions of XXXX + @entity2902 + regulatory T-cells.

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lung transplant @entity1 survival has significantly improved over the last 2 decades, which has resulted in an increased incidence of @entity5 . We undertook a descriptive, retrospective study of our series of transplant @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 129 transplantations from 1999 to 2006. Ten @entity1 (7.75%) developed 11 @entity5 processes during the follow-up period. RESULTS: In these 10 @entity1 with neoformative processes (group 1), 40% were male and 60% female, compared with 62% male and 38% female in the @entity5 -free group (group 2). The overall mean age was 50.5 +/- 15.4 years in group 1 and 48 +/- 14 years in group 2. The @entity5 were: lymphomas (2) and @entity5 in the urinary tract (2), colon (2), kidney (1), skin (2), breast (1), and native lung (1). The median time from organ transplantation to diagnosis was 21 +/- 16 months. Of the 10 @entity1 in group 1, 60% died, within a median of 9 months after diagnosis. Treatment consisted of surgery in 4 @entity1 , chemotherapy in 5, and chemoradiotherapy in 1. The immunosuppression was changed after @entity5 diagnosis in 30% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacological immunomodulation caused a higher incidence of @entity5 , in addition to a worse prognosis for these diseases, which demonstrated the importance of adjusting the dose and searching for adequate therapeutic combinations.

title: Development of XXXX during lung transplantation follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic', 'neoplasias', 'malignant disease', 'cancer', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: The link between @entity1375 and @entity249 is still a matter of debate. @entity1375 can result in cycle disturbances, such as @entity548 . Additionally, several studies have shown that thyroid autoimmunity (detection of anti peroxydase antibodies) may account for the occurrence of repetitive miscarriages. In @entity249 work-up, screening thyroid function should be specifically recommended for @entity1 with @entity1375 , with a personal, familial history of thyroid or other @entity1200 (such as @entity1723 ) as well as for @entity1 with unexplained @entity548 . Moreover, detection of thyroid antibody seems to be worthwhile for the assessment of recurrent miscarriages, due to the potential benefit of thyroid supplementation. In pregnant @entity1 , assessment of thyroid function seems specifically crucial to ensure adequate foetal development. Indeed, it has been well established that untreated @entity1375 may be associated with disturbances of brain development and low intellectual quotient. Additionally, other foetal (growth deficiency, @entity600 , low birth weight) as well as maternal (gestational @entity101 , pre-eclampsia...) complications have been also reported in pregnant @entity1 with @entity1375 . Consequently, screening of thyroid function should be performed in every @entity1 at risk of @entity1374 . Recent studies even advocate that thyroid screening should be extended to the overall pregnant population. The objective is to adjust L-thyroxin supplementation to maintain serum TSH concentrations below the threshold of 2.5 mUI/l. Finally, @entity1496 deficiency, currently observed in pregnant @entity1 , should be prevented by @entity1496 supply prior to conception, during pregnancy and during breast feeding as well.

title: [ XXXX : from the desire for pregnancy to delivery].

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'maternal hypothyroidism', 'clinical hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'untreated hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation or functional bleeding', 'oligomennorhea and functional bleeding']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['premature birth']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['auto immune diseases']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Hypothyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Outpatient management of selected @entity1 with nonvariceal @entity360 ( @entity360 ) has been proposed as a mechanism to decrease resource utilization and expenditures. However, the true prevalence and outcomes of this practice have not been well evaluated in population-based studies. METHODS: We identified a cohort of 9123 episodes of @entity360 in 2004 Medicare claims data, including 3506 (38.4%) managed as outpatients. Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were compared between inpatient and outpatient groups. In order to adjust for potential selection bias in outpatient treatment, propensity score analysis was used to divide @entity1 into quartiles of likelihood for inpatient treatment. RESULTS: Inpatients tended to be older, with higher comorbidity scores, and were more likely to have a bleeding @entity1066 or tear. Inpatients were also more likely to undergo endoscopy, including early endoscopy and therapeutics, and require surgery. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 8.0% in the inpatient group and 6.3% in the outpatient group (P< .001), and in the quartile of @entity1 most likely to be managed as inpatients, the 30-day mortality rate was higher in outpatients than in inpatients. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of outpatient management of @entity360 in the Medicare population was almost 40%, and although @entity1 were likely selected for outpatient management based on clinical criteria, the overall mortality rate in outpatients was considerable. Any potential financial benefit should be balanced against significant mortality rates, at least some of which could possibly be avoided with hospitalization. More optimal selection of candidates for outpatient therapy is likely needed.

title: Outpatient management of nonvariceal XXXX : unexpected mortality in Medicare beneficiaries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['UGIH', 'upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7250 is the most common @entity7250 . We studied its natural history and epidemiologic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics from a series of 54 cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study examines 54 cases collected over a 10-year-period. Diagnosis was based on clinical and histological criteria. RESULTS: @entity1 ' mean age was 47 years. The sex ratio was 8 @entity1 for every @entity1 . Disease developed most often in autumn and onset was sudden in all @entity1 . Untypical aspects were found in 20 @entity1 . Lesions were located mainly on the arms (43 cases) and legs (33 cases). No mucous membrane involvement was observed. Histological testing found @entity3144 in 8 cases. @entity7250 was idiopathic for 38 @entity1 . Lesions began at the site of previous @entity130 for 9 @entity1 , occurred during pregnancy for 2, and were associated with @entity5 for 3. First-line treatment was colchicine for 23 @entity1 and oral @entity230 for 12. Six @entity1 had recurrences and 2 @entity1 had relapses. COMMENTARY: This large series of @entity1 with @entity7250 differs from other reports by the frequency of untypical aspects and post-traumatic forms, as well as the rarity of association with @entity5 . Histological findings of @entity1333 do not rule out a diagnosis of @entity7250 .

title: [ XXXX : retrospective study of 54 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7250 :: ('MESH:D016463', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic dermatosis', 'Sweet syndrome']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytoclastic vasculitis']

answer: @entity7250 :: (MESH:D016463,Disease) :: ['Sweet syndrome']


abstract: Understanding the acantholytic pathways leading to blistering in @entity7271 ( @entity7271 ) is a key to development of novel treatments. A novel paradigm of keratinocyte damage in @entity7271 , termed apoptolysis, links the suprabasal acantholytic and cell @entity204 pathways to basal cell shrinkage rendering a 'tombstone' appearance to @entity7271 . In contrast to apoptolysis, the classic keratinocyte apoptosis mediating @entity137 causes @entity204 and subsequent sloughing of the entire epidermis. Apoptolysis includes five consecutive steps. (1) Binding of autoantibodies to @entity7271 antigens. (2) Activation of EGF receptor, @entity7242 , @entity3470 , p38 MAPK and other signalling elements downstream of ligated antigens, elevation of intracellular @entity460 and launching of the cell @entity204 cascades. (3) Basal cell shrinkage due to: (i) collapse and retraction of the tonofilaments cleaved by executioner caspases; and (ii) dissociation of interdesmosomal adhesion complexes caused by phosphorylation of adhesion molecules. (4) Massive cleavage of cellular proteins by activated cell @entity204 enzymes leading to cell collapse, and tearing off desmosomes from the cell membrane stimulating secondary autoantibody production. (5) Rounding up and @entity204 of acantholytic cells. Thus, the structural damage (acantholysis) and @entity204 (apoptosis) of keratinocytes are mediated by the same cell @entity204 enzymes. Appreciation of the unifying concept of apoptolysis have several important implications: (i) linking together a number of seemingly unrelated events surrounding acantholysis; (ii) opening new avenues of investigation into the pathomechanism of pemphigus; and (iii) creating new approaches to the treatment of pemphigus based on blocking the signalling pathways and enzymatic processes that lead to blistering.

title: Apoptolysis: a novel mechanism of skin blistering in XXXX linking the apoptotic pathways to basal cell shrinkage and suprabasal acantholysis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris', 'PV lesions', 'PV']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5325 ( @entity5325 ) is an uncommon cause of @entity10 due to a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity551 . Lumbar epidural blood-patch (LEBP) is the most effective treatment and can be repeated in case of relapse. There is no standard therapeutic strategy for @entity1 free of dural tears who fail to respond to several consecutive blood-patches. We report two cases of @entity5325 successfully treated by an epidural saline infusion after two consecutive LEBP. CASE REPORTS: A 35-year-old @entity1 was admitted to hospital for severe @entity10 . The diagnosis of @entity5325 was retained. Two LEBP were performed but with no clinical benefit. @entity10 disappeared totally after an epidural saline infusion. A second @entity1 , aged 75 years, was admitted for chronic @entity10 . The CSF pressure was low. Search for a dural tear was negative. After two unsuccessful LEBPs, the @entity1 was treated with an epidural saline infusion. Her @entity10 resolved completely and definitely. DISCUSSION: It is common procedure to search for a dural tear when @entity1 fail to respond to several consecutive LEPB. Surgical repair is however exceptional. An epidural saline infusion might be an efficient therapeutic alternative despite the small number of cases reported in the literature.

title: [Treatment of spontaneous XXXX by epidural saline infusion].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic headaches', 'orthostatic headache', 'secondary headache', 'headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5325 :: ('MESH:D019585', 'Disease') :: ['SIH', 'Spontaneous intracranial hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['intracranial hypotension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies indicate that quality of life (QoL) is impaired in middle aged @entity1 . Assessment of QoL using a single validated tool in Latin American climacteric @entity1 has not been reported to date at large scale. OBJECTIVE: The @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) was used to assess QoL among middle aged Latin American @entity1 and determine factors associated with severe menopausal symptoms ( @entity73 ). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 8373 healthy @entity1 aged 40-59 years, accompanying @entity1 to healthcare centres in 18 cities of 12 Latin American countries, were asked to fill out the @entity1168 and a questionnaire containing socio-demographic, female and partner data. RESULTS: Mean age of the entire sample was 49.1+/-5.7 years (median 49), a 62.5% had 12 or less years of schooling, 48.8% were postmenopausal and 14.7% were on @entity34 ( @entity34 ). Mean total @entity1168 score (n=8373) was 11.3+/-8.5 (median 10); for the somatic subscale, 4.1+/-3.4; the psychological subscale, 4.6+/-3.8 and the urogenital subscale, 2.5+/-2.7. The prevalence of @entity1 presenting moderate to severe total @entity1168 scorings was high (>50%) in all countries, Chile and Uruguay being the ones with the highest percentages (80.8% and 67.4%, respectively). Logistic regression determined that impaired QoL (severe total @entity1168 score > or =17) was associated with the use of alternatives therapies for menopause (OR: 1.47, 95% CI [1.22-1.76], p=0.0001), the use of psychiatric drugs (OR: 1.57, 95% CI [1.29-1.90], p=0.0001), attending a psychiatrist (OR: 1.66, 95% CI [1.41-1.96], p=0.0001), being postmenopausal (OR: 1.48, 95% CI [1.29-1.69, p=0.0001]), having 49 years or more (OR: 1.24, 95% CI [1.08-1.42], p=0.001), living at high altitude (OR: 1.43, 95% CI [1.25-1.62, p=0.0001]) and having a partner with @entity323 (OR: 1.69, 95% CI [1.47-1.94, p=0.0001]) or @entity2754 (OR: 1.34, 95% CI [1.16-1.55, p=0.0001]). Lower risk for impaired QoL was related to living in a country with a lower income (OR: 0.77, 95% CI [0.68-0.88], p=0.0002), using @entity34 (OR: 0.65, 95% CI [0.56-0.76], p=0.0001) and engaging in healthy habits (OR: 0.59, 95% CI [0.50-0.69], p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge this is the first and largest study assessing QoL in a Latin American climacteric series with a high prevalence of impairment related to individual female and male characteristics and the demography of the studied population.

title: Impaired quality of life among middle aged XXXX : a multicentre Latin American study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['QoL impairment']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'Menopause Rating Scale']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormonal therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Previous research has shown a low incidence of @entity5845 in @entity1 with screen-detected @entity0 when compared to @entity1 with symptomatic @entity0 . Farmer et al. suggested that this might be due to the way the diagnosis of @entity0 is given to @entity1 with screen-detected disease. In order to test this hypothesis a detailed, in-depth, qualitative study was undertaken. The sample consisted of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity0 (n=5), @entity1 with screen-detected invasive @entity0 (n=6) and @entity1 with screen-detected in-situ @entity0 (n=5). The 'bad news consultations' with the surgeons, and subsequent meetings with the breast care nurses (BCN), were tape recorded. The @entity1 were also interviewed in their own homes within 7 days. The results suggested that the @entity1 with screen-detected @entity0 received more reassurance than the @entity1 with symptomatic @entity0 and that the benefits of breast screening were emphasized by the surgeons and the BCNs. This led to minimization of the significance of screen-detected disease. @entity1 were found to draw on a new conceptual model of early curable @entity0 which appears to be associated with a low incidence of @entity5845 .

title: The minimization to clients of screen-detected XXXX : a qualitative analysis.

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['psychological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3881 is an organism of interest because of its extensive industrial applications, its similarity to pathogenic organisms, and its role as the model organism for Gram-positive, sporulating bacteria. In this work, we introduce a new genome-scale metabolic model of @entity7682 called iBsu1103. This new model is based on the annotated @entity7682 genome generated by the SEED, one of the most up-to-date and accurate annotations of @entity7682 available. RESULTS: The iBsu1103 model includes 1,437 reactions associated with 1,103 genes, making it the most complete model of @entity3881 available. The model also includes Gibbs free energy change (DeltarG' degrees ) values for 1,403 (97%) of the model reactions estimated by using the group contribution method. These data were used with an improved reaction reversibility prediction method to identify 653 (45%) irreversible reactions in the model. The model was validated against an experimental dataset consisting of 1,500 distinct conditions and was optimized by using an improved model optimization method to increase model accuracy from 89.7% to 93.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Basing the iBsu1103 model on the annotations generated by the SEED significantly improved the model completeness and accuracy compared with the most recent previously published model. The enhanced accuracy of the iBsu1103 model also demonstrates the efficacy of the improved reaction directionality prediction method in accurately identifying irreversible reactions in the @entity3881 metabolism. The proposed improved model optimization methodology was also demonstrated to be effective in minimally adjusting model content to improve model accuracy.

title: iBsu1103: a new genome-scale metabolic model of XXXX based on SEED annotations.

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B. subtilis']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the trends in lipid levels and awareness of @entity1007 in @entity101 and normotensive population in Finland from 1982 to 97. DESIGN: Four independent cross-sectional population surveys conducted in 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997. SETTING: The provinces of North Karelia and Kuopio in eastern Finland and the region of Turku-Loimaa in south-western Finland. SUBJECTS: @entity1 and @entity1 aged 25-64 years, selected randomly from the national population register. The subjects were classified to four groups according to their blood pressure level and treatment status: normotensive, unaware @entity101 , aware but not treated @entity101 and treated @entity101 . The total number of @entity1 was 24 083. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the mean serum total @entity165 and HDL @entity165 concentrations, the prevalence of @entity1007 (total @entity165 >/=6.5 mmol L-1 or the use of lipid-lowering drugs), the prevalence of a high ratio of total @entity165 to HDL @entity165 (ratio >/=5) and the awareness of @entity1007 amongst the four study groups. RESULTS: Mean total @entity165 , the prevalence of @entity1007 and the prevalence of a high ratio of total to HDL @entity165 decreased, whereas the awareness of @entity1007 increased significantly in all study groups. The decline in mean total @entity165 was largest in treated @entity101 subjects of both sexes (13% in @entity1 , 14% in @entity1 ). Mean HDL @entity165 increased significantly in all study groups except in the unaware @entity101 @entity1 , but it remained significantly lower in treated @entity101 @entity1 in both sexes compared with the other groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lipid profile of both the @entity101 and normotensive population has significantly improved in both the @entity101 and normotensive population in Finland from 1982-97. The introduction of newer antihypertensive drugs has not had any effect on the HDL @entity165 level amongst treated @entity101 @entity1 at the population level.

title: Trends in lipid levels and XXXX in @entity101 and normotensive finnish adults from 1982 to 1997.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the trends in lipid levels and awareness of @entity1007 in @entity101 and normotensive population in Finland from 1982 to 97. DESIGN: Four independent cross-sectional population surveys conducted in 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997. SETTING: The provinces of North Karelia and Kuopio in eastern Finland and the region of Turku-Loimaa in south-western Finland. SUBJECTS: @entity1 and @entity1 aged 25-64 years, selected randomly from the national population register. The subjects were classified to four groups according to their blood pressure level and treatment status: normotensive, unaware @entity101 , aware but not treated @entity101 and treated @entity101 . The total number of @entity1 was 24 083. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the mean serum total @entity165 and HDL @entity165 concentrations, the prevalence of @entity1007 (total @entity165 >/=6.5 mmol L-1 or the use of lipid-lowering drugs), the prevalence of a high ratio of total @entity165 to HDL @entity165 (ratio >/=5) and the awareness of @entity1007 amongst the four study groups. RESULTS: Mean total @entity165 , the prevalence of @entity1007 and the prevalence of a high ratio of total to HDL @entity165 decreased, whereas the awareness of @entity1007 increased significantly in all study groups. The decline in mean total @entity165 was largest in treated @entity101 subjects of both sexes (13% in @entity1 , 14% in @entity1 ). Mean HDL @entity165 increased significantly in all study groups except in the unaware @entity101 @entity1 , but it remained significantly lower in treated @entity101 @entity1 in both sexes compared with the other groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lipid profile of both the @entity101 and normotensive population has significantly improved in both the @entity101 and normotensive population in Finland from 1982-97. The introduction of newer antihypertensive drugs has not had any effect on the HDL @entity165 level amongst treated @entity101 @entity1 at the population level.

title: Trends in lipid levels and @entity1007 in XXXX and normotensive finnish adults from 1982 to 1997.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize and review the result of surgical repair of @entity299 in @entity1 under 6 months of age. METHODS: Between January 1997 and December 2007, 1387 @entity1 under 6 months of age with @entity299 were operated on. There were 675 cases with @entity1757 with @entity120 ( @entity1757 /PH), 138 with @entity3886 (TGA), 155 with @entity215 ( @entity215 ), 111 with totally abnormal pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), 54 with @entity1498 of aorta or interrupted aortic arch with @entity1757 [ @entity9931 ( @entity6207 )/ @entity1757 ], 46 with double outlet right ventricle (DORV), 25 with @entity1146 with @entity1757 (PA/ @entity1757 ), 24 with @entity1146 with intact interventricular septum (PA/IVS) and so on. The operative procedure was dependent on different diseases. Follow-up has been conducted in @entity1 with some complex congenital @entity299 . RESULTS: In the recent 11 years, the number of surgical repair in @entity1 under 6 months of age, including neonates, with @entity299 has been increased. In contrast to the early phase when @entity1757 was the major disease treated with surgery, @entity1 with complex @entity299 account for half of all cases treated with surgery now. In the meantime, the surgical mortality has been decreased year after year. There were 110 deaths in our group and the total mortality was 7.9% (110/1387). With improvement of surgical procedure, the mortality was decreased from 11.5% - 14.4% in 1997 - 2003 to 8.6% - 8.9% in 2004 - 2005 to 3.3% - 3.8% in 2006 - 2007. Follow-up data were available for 98 @entity1 in TGA (83.8%, 98/117), 79 in TAPVC (87.8%, 79/90), 68 in @entity215 (48.2%, 68/141), 13 in PA/ @entity1757 (65%, 13/20) and 19 in @entity3880 /IVS (95%, 19/20). The duration of follow-up ranged from 3 to 86 months. There were 16 late deaths, 4 in TGA, 10 in TAPVC and 2 in PA/ @entity1757 @entity1 . The majority were asymptomatic on follow-up. Mild residual obstruction was seen in 4 cases with TAPVC. @entity120 was seen in 5 cases with TAPVC. Mild @entity338 , @entity338 and @entity997 were seen in 23 cases with TGA (23.5%, 23/98). Some PA/ @entity1757 @entity1 had second operation. CONCLUSIONS: Most symptomatic neonates and @entity1 younger than 6 months with critical @entity4297 can undergo corrective operation under acceptable risk. Due to improvements in perioperative, anaesthetic, surgical, and postoperative care, contemporary hospital mortality can be reduced to 3.3% - 3.8%. Palliative procedures still play an important role in the staged treatment of severe complex @entity299 in neonates and @entity1 younger than 6 months of age.

title: [Results of surgical treatment of 1,387 @entity1 under 6 months of age with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['complete transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect', 'VSD']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['aortal valve regurgitation', 'pulmonary valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases', 'congenital heart disease', 'heart defects']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize and review the result of surgical repair of @entity299 in @entity1 under 6 months of age. METHODS: Between January 1997 and December 2007, 1387 @entity1 under 6 months of age with @entity299 were operated on. There were 675 cases with @entity1757 with @entity120 ( @entity1757 /PH), 138 with @entity3886 (TGA), 155 with @entity215 ( @entity215 ), 111 with totally abnormal pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), 54 with @entity1498 of aorta or interrupted aortic arch with @entity1757 [ @entity9931 ( @entity6207 )/ @entity1757 ], 46 with double outlet right ventricle (DORV), 25 with @entity1146 with @entity1757 (PA/ @entity1757 ), 24 with @entity1146 with intact interventricular septum (PA/IVS) and so on. The operative procedure was dependent on different diseases. Follow-up has been conducted in @entity1 with some complex congenital @entity299 . RESULTS: In the recent 11 years, the number of surgical repair in @entity1 under 6 months of age, including neonates, with @entity299 has been increased. In contrast to the early phase when @entity1757 was the major disease treated with surgery, @entity1 with complex @entity299 account for half of all cases treated with surgery now. In the meantime, the surgical mortality has been decreased year after year. There were 110 deaths in our group and the total mortality was 7.9% (110/1387). With improvement of surgical procedure, the mortality was decreased from 11.5% - 14.4% in 1997 - 2003 to 8.6% - 8.9% in 2004 - 2005 to 3.3% - 3.8% in 2006 - 2007. Follow-up data were available for 98 @entity1 in TGA (83.8%, 98/117), 79 in TAPVC (87.8%, 79/90), 68 in @entity215 (48.2%, 68/141), 13 in PA/ @entity1757 (65%, 13/20) and 19 in @entity3880 /IVS (95%, 19/20). The duration of follow-up ranged from 3 to 86 months. There were 16 late deaths, 4 in TGA, 10 in TAPVC and 2 in PA/ @entity1757 @entity1 . The majority were asymptomatic on follow-up. Mild residual obstruction was seen in 4 cases with TAPVC. @entity120 was seen in 5 cases with TAPVC. Mild @entity338 , @entity338 and @entity997 were seen in 23 cases with TGA (23.5%, 23/98). Some PA/ @entity1757 @entity1 had second operation. CONCLUSIONS: Most symptomatic neonates and @entity1 younger than 6 months with critical @entity4297 can undergo corrective operation under acceptable risk. Due to improvements in perioperative, anaesthetic, surgical, and postoperative care, contemporary hospital mortality can be reduced to 3.3% - 3.8%. Palliative procedures still play an important role in the staged treatment of severe complex @entity299 in neonates and @entity1 younger than 6 months of age.

title: [Results of surgical treatment of 1,387 XXXX under 6 months of age with @entity299 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Juvenile @entity18871 (JNA) is a rare benign neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in the nasopharynx of adolescent males. Surgery remains the primary treatment of choice. JNA has always presented a management challenge to surgeons because of its vascular nature, site of occurrence, and local tissue destruction. The surgical approaches are either standard open method which include external or intraoral incisions, or the recent advanced approach, i.e. via using the endonasal endoscope. It is widely accepted that the use of preoperative @entity887 reduces the occurrence of @entity954 and @entity5 removal. However, @entity887 is not available at all centres. The purpose of this article is to present our experience with five @entity1 diagnosed with JNA who were resected without embolization, using various surgical approaches. Two @entity5 were removed via endonasal endoscopic surgery. None of the @entity5 were embolized prior to surgery. We highlight the preoperative evaluation of @entity5 extent, using both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance angiography, and the importance of temporary clamping of the external carotid artery intraoperatively. Our results suggest that the latter procedure is a safe and effective means of facilitating surgery and reducing @entity954 .

title: Surgical management of juvenile @entity18871 without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['facilitates tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibroma']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic embolization']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['angiographic embolization']


abstract: Juvenile @entity18871 (JNA) is a rare benign neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in the nasopharynx of adolescent males. Surgery remains the primary treatment of choice. JNA has always presented a management challenge to surgeons because of its vascular nature, site of occurrence, and local tissue destruction. The surgical approaches are either standard open method which include external or intraoral incisions, or the recent advanced approach, i.e. via using the endonasal endoscope. It is widely accepted that the use of preoperative @entity887 reduces the occurrence of @entity954 and @entity5 removal. However, @entity887 is not available at all centres. The purpose of this article is to present our experience with five @entity1 diagnosed with JNA who were resected without embolization, using various surgical approaches. Two @entity5 were removed via endonasal endoscopic surgery. None of the @entity5 were embolized prior to surgery. We highlight the preoperative evaluation of @entity5 extent, using both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance angiography, and the importance of temporary clamping of the external carotid artery intraoperatively. Our results suggest that the latter procedure is a safe and effective means of facilitating surgery and reducing @entity954 .

title: Surgical management of juvenile XXXX without @entity887 .

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibroma']


abstract: The matching of hydrophobic lengths of integral membrane proteins and the surrounding lipid bilayer is an important factor that influences both structure and function of integral membrane proteins. The ion channel gramicidin is known to be uniquely sensitive to membrane properties such as bilayer thickness and membrane mechanical properties. The functionally important @entity1473 terminal @entity2340 residues of gramicidin display conformation-dependent fluorescence which can be used to monitor gramicidin conformations in membranes [S.S. Rawat, D.A. Kelkar, A. Chattopadhyay, Monitoring gramicidin conformations in membranes: a fluorescence approach, Biophys. J. 87 (2004) 831-843]. We have examined the effect of hydrophobic mismatch on the conformation and organization of gramicidin in saturated @entity2434 bilayers of varying thickness utilizing the intrinsic conformation-dependent @entity2340 fluorescence. Our results utilizing steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic approaches, in combination with circular dichroism spectroscopy, show that gramicidin remains predominantly in the channel conformation and gramicidin tryptophans are at the membrane interfacial region over a range of mismatch conditions. Interestingly, gramicidin conformation shifts toward non-channel conformations in extremely thick gel phase membranes although it is not excluded from the membrane. In addition, experiments utilizing self quenching of @entity2340 fluorescence indicate peptide aggregation in thicker gel phase membranes.

title: Modulation of gramicidin channel conformation and organization by hydrophobic mismatch in saturated XXXX bilayers.

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity2434 :: (MESH:D010713,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylcholine']


abstract: SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The role of early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in @entity656 ( @entity656 ) remains controversial. Previous studies have included only a relatively small number of @entity1 with predicted severe @entity656 . We investigated the clinical effects of early ERCP in these @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a prospective, observational multicenter study in 8 university medical centers and 7 major teaching hospitals. One hundred fifty-three @entity1 with predicted severe @entity656 without @entity255 enrolled in a randomized multicenter trial on probiotic prophylaxis in acute @entity788 were prospectively followed. Conservative treatment or ERCP within 72 hours after symptom onset (at discretion of the treating physician) were compared for complications and mortality. @entity1 without and with @entity1448 ( @entity648 : >2.3 mg/dL [40 mumol/L] and/or dilated common bile duct) were analyzed separately. RESULTS: Of the 153 @entity1 , 81 (53%) underwent ERCP and 72 (47%) conservative treatment. Groups were highly comparable at baseline. Seventy-eight @entity1 (51%) had @entity1448 . In @entity1 with @entity1448 , ERCP (52/78 @entity1 : 67%), as compared with conservative treatment, was associated with fewer complications (25% vs. 54%, P = 0.020, multivariate adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.99, P= 0.049). This included fewer @entity1 with >30% pancreatic @entity39 (8% vs. 31%, P = 0.010). Mortality was nonsignificantly lower after ERCP (6% vs. 15%, P = 0.213, multivariate adjusted OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.08-2.28, P = 0.330). In @entity1 without @entity1448 , ERCP (29/75 @entity1 : 39%) was not associated with reduced complications (45% vs. 41%, P = 0.814, multivariate adjusted OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.49-3.76; P = 0.554) or mortality (14% vs. 17%, P = 0.754, multivariate adjusted OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.19-3.12, P = 0.734). CONCLUSIONS: Early ERCP is associated with fewer complications in predicted severe @entity656 if @entity1448 is present.

title: Early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in predicted severe XXXX : a prospective multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['ABP', 'acute biliary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute biliary pancreatitis']


abstract: AIMS: To describe attitudes of paediatricians and paediatric nephrologists regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for @entity293 ( @entity293 ) and determine the factors associated with its use. METHOD: A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to Canadian paediatricians (1136) and paediatric nephrologists (42). RESULTS: The response rate was 58.1% (684 physicians); 436 who had made a decision about antibiotic prophylaxis for childhood @entity293 in the previous year were included in the analysis. Of these, 407 (93.3%) were certified in paediatrics and 29 (6.7%) were paediatric nephrologists. Most respondents prescribed prophylaxis for @entity1 with grade III-V @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ) (96.5%-98%); 69.8 and 92.8% prescribed it for @entity1 with grades I and II @entity3025 , respectively. Factors significantly associated with use of prophylaxis for @entity1 with grade I @entity3025 were frequency of decision-making about prophylaxis, city size and province. Fifteen percent of physicians felt that their practice regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for @entity1 with @entity3025 was evidence based. A hundred one respondents (24.3%) prescribed prophylaxis for @entity1 with a first febrile @entity293 in the absence of @entity3025 . Nineteen percent felt that their practice regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for these @entity1 was evidence based. Prescription of prophylaxis for @entity1 >12 months with recurrent @entity293 in the absence of @entity3025 was influenced by frequency of @entity2885 (88.5% of respondents) and presence of @entity409 (53.8%). Nine percent of physicians felt that their practice for these @entity1 was evidence based. CONCLUSION: Opinions of Canadian paediatricians and paediatric nephrologists regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for @entity293 in @entity1 vary widely, probably because of the paucity of solid evidence about prophylaxis.

title: Antibiotic prophylaxis for childhood XXXX : a national survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['VUR', 'vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']