abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 90% of @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) @entity1 develop @entity296 , and many die of @entity712 . Despite tremendous progress in skeletal muscle gene therapy, few attempts have been made to treat @entity296 . Microdystrophin genes are shown to correct skeletal muscle pathological lesions in the mdx @entity19 model for @entity1555 . Here, we tested the therapeutic potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated microdystrophin gene therapy in the mdx @entity19 heart. METHODS AND RESULTS: AAV was delivered to the newborn mdx @entity19 cardiac cavity. The procedure was rapid and well tolerated. Efficient expression was achieved in the inner and the outer layers of the myocardium. The ubiquitous cytomegalovirus promoter resulted in substantially higher expression than the muscle-specific CK6 promoter. The therapeutic effects of microdystrophin were evaluated at 10 months after infection. Immunostaining demonstrated extensive microdystrophin expression and successful restoration of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. Importantly, AAV-mediated microdystrophin expression improved the sarcolemma integrity in the mdx heart. CONCLUSIONS: We established a simple gene transfer method for efficient and persistent transduction of the mdx @entity19 heart. AAV-mediated microdystrophin expression restored the critical dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and improved sarcolemma integrity of the mdx heart. Our results revealed the promise of AAV-microdystrophin gene therapy for @entity296 in @entity1555 .

title: Microdystrophin gene therapy of XXXX restores dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and improves sarcolemma integrity in the mdx @entity19 heart.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 90% of @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) @entity1 develop @entity296 , and many die of @entity712 . Despite tremendous progress in skeletal muscle gene therapy, few attempts have been made to treat @entity296 . Microdystrophin genes are shown to correct skeletal muscle pathological lesions in the mdx @entity19 model for @entity1555 . Here, we tested the therapeutic potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated microdystrophin gene therapy in the mdx @entity19 heart. METHODS AND RESULTS: AAV was delivered to the newborn mdx @entity19 cardiac cavity. The procedure was rapid and well tolerated. Efficient expression was achieved in the inner and the outer layers of the myocardium. The ubiquitous cytomegalovirus promoter resulted in substantially higher expression than the muscle-specific CK6 promoter. The therapeutic effects of microdystrophin were evaluated at 10 months after infection. Immunostaining demonstrated extensive microdystrophin expression and successful restoration of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. Importantly, AAV-mediated microdystrophin expression improved the sarcolemma integrity in the mdx heart. CONCLUSIONS: We established a simple gene transfer method for efficient and persistent transduction of the mdx @entity19 heart. AAV-mediated microdystrophin expression restored the critical dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and improved sarcolemma integrity of the mdx heart. Our results revealed the promise of AAV-microdystrophin gene therapy for @entity296 in @entity1555 .

title: Microdystrophin gene therapy of @entity296 restores dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and improves sarcolemma integrity in the mdx XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity849 has recently been recognized as a complication of radiofrequency ablation for @entity955 . This study evaluates the presentation of affected @entity1 and the role of transcatheter therapy for this @entity1 population. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study used a retrospective review of data from 19 @entity1 (age, 51+/-13 years) with @entity849 who underwent catheterization and angiography between December 2000 and December 2002. Quantitative perfusion and spiral CT scans were performed for initial diagnosis and follow-up. The median duration between radiofrequency ablation and the reported onset of respiratory symptoms for 18 of 19 @entity1 was 7.5 weeks (0.1 to 48). After the onset of symptoms, all but two @entity1 were initially misdiagnosed with a symptoms-to-diagnosis duration of 16 weeks (2-59). At initial catheterization, 17 of 19 @entity1 had angioplasty in 30 veins with stent placement in 5 vessels when a flap occurred. Overall vessel diameter increased from 2.6+/-1.6 to 6.6+/-2.4 mm (P<0.0001). There were 4 procedure-related adverse events but no long-term sequelae. Immediate follow-up showed improved flow to involved lung segments. At a median follow-up of 43 weeks (2-92), although repeat angioplasty for @entity256 was necessary in 8 of 17 @entity1 , 15 of 17 @entity1 currently have no or minimal persistent symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity849 after radiofrequency ablation for @entity955 is often misdiagnosed. Although further follow-up is necessary to determine long-term success, our data indicate better pulmonary vein flow and symptomatic improvement in the majority of @entity1 undergoing dilation of postablation @entity849 .

title: Transcatheter angioplasty for acquired XXXX after radiofrequency ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein stenosis', 'Pulmonary vein stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['pulmonary vein stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the diagnostic accuracy of end-tidal @entity544 detection in detecting inadvertent airway intubation and verifying correct placement of nasogastric tubes. DESIGN: We undertook a meta-analysis of diagnostic studies. STUDY SELECTION: All clinical trials that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the colorimetric capnometry or capnography in detecting inadvertent airway intubation and differentiating between respiratory and gastrointestinal tube placement in adults were included. Electronic databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, All EBM Reviews, WanFang Data, China Journal Net, Chinese Medical Current Contents, and Index to Chinese Periodical Literature were searched from inception to July 2009. DATA EXTRACTION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT: Data were extracted using a form piloted prior to use. Two reviewers independently extracted data relating to purpose of the trial, sample, measurements used, index test results and reference standard. Methodological quality of eligible trials was assessed independently by two reviewers using a modified version of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies for assessing studies of diagnostic accuracy. The accuracy of diagnostic tests is presented in terms of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nine clinical trials were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Eight trials were undertaken in intubated and mechanically ventilated @entity1 and two trials also involved @entity1 who were alert or awake. Eight involving a total of 456 nasogastric feeding tube placements investigated the diagnostic accuracy of either colorimetric capnometry or capnography to detect feeding tube placement. One trial involving 195 gastric tube insertions compared the diagnostic accuracy of simultaneous use of a colorimetric @entity544 detector and capnography to detect feeding tube placement. The use of colorimetric capnometry or capnography had a sensitivity ranging from 0.88 to 1.00, specificity 0.95 to 1.00, positive likelihood ratio 15.22 to 283.35, negative likelihood ratio 0.01 to 0.25. A summary receiver operator characteristics (SROC) curve was constructed and showed an area under the curve was 0.9959. Three trials reported significant cost savings using end-tidal @entity544 detectors. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to support the use of capnography or colorimetric capnometry for the identification of nasogastric feeding tube placement in mechanically ventilated @entity1 .

title: Use of end-tidal XXXX detection to determine correct placement of nasogastric tube: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: @entity3147 , defined as insufficient protein-calorie intake, is highly prevalent in haemodialysis (HD) @entity1 . It is commonly associated with decreased body weight, depleted energy stores (fat tissue) and loss of somatic proteins. It has been suggested that there may be at least two fundamentally different types of @entity3147 in HD @entity1 . The first is related to low protein and energy intake. This type of @entity3147 may be amenable to adequate nutritional and dialysis support. In contrast, the second type of @entity3147 is associated with @entity32 and @entity65 ( @entity751 ). This type of @entity3147 is much more difficult to reverse with nutritional support and dialysis therapy, unless the underlying co-morbid conditions and chronic inflammatory response are treated adequately. There is no single measurement which can be used to determine the presence of @entity3147 . Therefore, a panel of measurements is recommended, including a measure of body composition, a measure of dietary protein intake and at least one measure of serum protein status. Therapeutic interventions in @entity3147 of HD @entity1 include dietary prescription, correction of @entity520 , therapeutic intervention for co-morbidities, an adequate dose of dialysis and finally interventions on dialysis techniques, membrane and dialysate quality. It is a widespread belief that convective treatments give a clinical advantage over standard diffusive HD, when considering the physiological outcomes, such as @entity1344 . Since convective treatments are usually performed utilizing synthetic biocompatible membranes, it is very difficult to separate the effects of convection from those of biocompatibility on a given outcome, e.g. the nutritional status of HD @entity1 . There are, to date, no prospective randomized clinical trials with sufficient power in which the effects of convective therapies on the nutritional status of HD @entity1 were compared with those of other dialysis modalities. Morbidity and mortality of HD @entity1 are strictly associated, but not necessarily linked by a cause-effect relationship to some nutritional parameters, notably serum albumin levels. Thus, as the presence of @entity3147 is one of the strongest predictors of mortality, the crucial point is to demonstrate the superiority of convective treatments over standard diffusive HD on hard outcomes: morbidity and mortality. Even though almost all available studies support the hypothesis that convection and high-flux biocompatible membranes are associated with reduced morbidity and mortality risks, there is, to date, no absolute proof showing a cause-effect relationship between convection and high-flux biocompatible membranes and the outcome of HD @entity1 . In conclusion, convective therapies offer the opportunity for as yet unrivalled small and/or middle molecular clearance. Regarding short-term complications, there is ample evidence for the fact that haemodynamic stability is better maintained during haemofiltration than during standard HD. Although a beneficial effect of convective therapies was suggested mainly in uncontrolled studies, as far as the nutritional status, the morbidity and the mortality of HD @entity1 are concerned, there appears to be a shortage of well-controlled prospective randomized clinical trials with sufficient power assessing the potential merits of convection.

title: The effect of convection on the nutritional status of haemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['MIA syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Until 1985, glucocorticoids and cytotoxic drugs were the only treatments available for @entity3441 ( @entity3450 ), that is, @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) and @entity628 ( @entity628 ). Trials of @entity205 (CsA) treatment of @entity3450 , the rationale of which was based on pathophysiologic considerations, have shown that this immunophillin modulator is effective in inducing and maintaining remission in @entity1 suffering from @entity3441 . It appears that the best results, in the order of 80% remission rate, are obtained in @entity134 -sensitive cases, essentially @entity1987 , and that in @entity134 -resistant @entity628 the drug obtains remission in no more than 20% of the cases. Addition of glucocorticoids increases the success rate to approximately 30% of cases. @entity8 is proportional to previous @entity8 , primary @entity8 ( @entity628 vs @entity1987 ) dosage >5.5 mg/kg/day and duration of treatment. The better bioavailability of the new formulation of @entity870 (Neoral), implies that the former dosage recommendations be reconsidered for distinctly lower figures. Repeat renal biopsy after 1 year of continuous CsA treatment is advisable, as stable serum @entity1011 levels may be falsely reassuring. CsA dependency is the rule during the first year of treatment. However, in some 25% of cases stable remission may be maintained after slow tapering off following 3-4 years of treatment. Other immunophillin modulators have been tried in the treatment of @entity3441 . Despite few preliminary reports indicating some success of @entity1140 the effects of this drug do not seem convincingly superior to CsA in terms of remission rate, @entity137 and dependency. @entity3446 has not been tried in the treatment of @entity3450 . Anecdotal cases of de novo @entity628 induced by @entity3446 in transplanted @entity1 might indicate that this drug is in fact contraindicated in the treatment of @entity3450 .

title: Treatment of idiopathic XXXX by immunophillin modulation.

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function', 'Renal toxicity', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Rapamycin', 'rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3450 :: (MESH:D009401,Disease) :: ['nephrosis']


abstract: Although there exist some reference and stereotactic anatomical @entity1 brain atlases, there is no equivalent @entity1504 . A 3D reference atlas of the @entity1 cerebrovasculature that is interactive, stereotactic, very detailed, completely parcellated, fully labeled, extendable, dissectible, deformable, and user friendly, is needed in education, training, research, and clinical applications. We constructed a sophisticated and very detailed @entity1504 with 1325 vascular segments, the smallest of 80  m in diameter. The atlas was created from multiple 3 and 7T scans by employing tools and methods developed in our lab. In contrast to a sort of "sampled" vascular geometry cited in the literature, we provide information about the "continuous" geometry of the vascular model measurable in 3D at every location and along any vascular segment for both hemispheres. This @entity1504 was validated taking into account domain knowledge from various fields including angiography, neurosurgery, neuroradiology, (clinical) neuroanatomy, and terminology. Validation was considered as a confirmation of the created vascular model to a typical (conventional) cerebrovascular system with nearly average dimensions. It was done in terms of vessel subdivision, origin, course, surrounding anatomy, patterns, length, diameter, and branches. This validation demonstrates that the constructed cerebrovascular model generally represents a normal, typical cerebrovasculature with its dimensions close to average. This 7T atlas along with the vascular model is a rich source of knowledge about the @entity1 cerebrovasculature. The atlas is applicable in education, research, and clinical applications; it has already been applied in deep brain stimulation.

title: Three-dimensional reference and stereotactic atlas of XXXX cerebrovasculature from 7Tesla.

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular atlas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether the location of the computed tomography (CT) whirl sign can be used to help differentiate caecal from sigmoid @entity3313 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 (mean age 64.6 years) underwent multidetector CT and had confirmed @entity694 . There were 15 @entity1 with @entity3313 . Axial and coronal images were retrospectively evaluated on the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) by two reviewers in consensus without knowledge of the final diagnosis to determine whether a CT whirl sign was present and, if so, was the location to the right of midline or in the midline/left. The location of the twisting at imaging was correlated with whether the @entity1 had @entity3313 . Fisher's exact test was used to determine whether there was an association between the location of the twist (right versus mid-left) and the location of the @entity694 (caecal versus sigmoid). The non contrast CT (NCCT) examinations of 30 additional @entity1 without @entity694 were evaluated for the presence or absence of a CT whirl sign. RESULTS: All 31 @entity1 with @entity694 had a CT whirl sign. No @entity1 who underwent NCCT for @entity1290 demonstrated a CT whirl sign. According to Fisher's exact test, there was a highly significant association (p<0.0001) between the location of the twist (right versus mid-left) and the location of the @entity694 (caecal versus sigmoid). Using the location of the twist as a predictor of whether the @entity3313 was caecal or sigmoid provided a correct diagnosis for 93.3% (14/15) of the @entity1 with @entity3313 and 100% (16/16) of those with sigmoid @entity3313 , yielding an overall diagnostic accuracy of 96.8% (30/31). CONCLUSION: The location of the mesenteric twist (CT whirl sign) is a highly accurate finding in discriminating caecal from sigmoid @entity3313 .

title: Can the location of the CT whirl sign assist in differentiating sigmoid from XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic volvulus']

entities_list: @entity3313 :: ('MESH:D045822', 'Disease') :: ['caecal volvulus and 16 with sigmoid volvulus', 'caecal or sigmoid volvulus', 'volvulus', 'caecal volvulus']

answer: @entity3313 :: (MESH:D045822,Disease) :: ['caecal volvulus']


abstract: A case of giant pituitary @entity652 was reported. The @entity1 was a 47-year-old @entity1 with visual disturbance. CT scan revealed the huge @entity5 , about 6 cm in diameter, at the midportion over the sella turcica, extending to the frontal, temporal, posterior and @entity1640 region. Total resection of the @entity5 was successfully carried out and the difficult post-operative complications were overcome. In this paper we mainly discussed the operative procedure for @entity977 , which usually involve the main cerebral arteries, i.e., A1 and A2 portion of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), anterior communicating artery (ACOMA) and @entity3538 (ICA). We used to expose the internal carotid artery at the neck for the temporary occlusion prior to craniotomy. Prolongation of the temporary occlusion time is achieved by intravenous administration of 800 ml-20% @entity2656 solution. After bifrontal craniotomy, we approach the @entity5 interhemispherically and expose the A2 portion of ACA. Then anterior communicating artery, A1 portion of ACA and @entity6455 are exposed as the @entity5 is extirpated. Under the bifrontal craniotomy, as we separate bilateral Sylvian fissure and interhemisphere, we can get the wide operative field and we can also approach the @entity5 from various direction. Therefore, even the @entity5 is huge, it is possible to remove the @entity5 without @entity75 , vessel and @entity128 .

title: [An operated case of giant pituitary XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['giant pituitary region tumor']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: We previously reported that reactive stroma grading in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) is predictive of biochemical recurrence in prostatectomies and biopsies. In this study, we tested whether quantifying the percentage of reactive stromal grade 3 (RSG 3; @entity189 pattern) in the entire @entity5 is predictive of @entity263 -specific death. Whole-mount prostatectomies operated by a single surgeon obtained between 1983 and 1998 were reviewed. Reactive stroma was evaluated as described previously, and areas of RSG 3 in the entire @entity5 were registered as percentages of total @entity5 . Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox analyses. In all, 872 cases were evaluable. Quantification of RSG 3 percentage was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence, analyzed as a continuous or grouped variable. @entity1 with higher RSG 3 percentages (larger @entity5 areas with RSG 3) had a significantly decreased biochemical recurrence-free survival than those with a lower RSG 3 percentage, even within the Gleason score 7 subset of @entity1 . A nomogram introduced this new variable to the model. Furthermore, quantification of RSG 3 percentage was significantly predictive of @entity263 -specific death. Quantification of the RSG 3 ( @entity189 ) area in @entity263 provides additional novel information on prognosis. These data substantiate the concept that the @entity5 microenvironment holds significant predictive information, as well as biological significance.

title: Determining XXXX -specific death through quantification of @entity189 area in prostatectomy specimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['stromogenic carcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: We previously reported that reactive stroma grading in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) is predictive of biochemical recurrence in prostatectomies and biopsies. In this study, we tested whether quantifying the percentage of reactive stromal grade 3 (RSG 3; @entity189 pattern) in the entire @entity5 is predictive of @entity263 -specific death. Whole-mount prostatectomies operated by a single surgeon obtained between 1983 and 1998 were reviewed. Reactive stroma was evaluated as described previously, and areas of RSG 3 in the entire @entity5 were registered as percentages of total @entity5 . Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox analyses. In all, 872 cases were evaluable. Quantification of RSG 3 percentage was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence, analyzed as a continuous or grouped variable. @entity1 with higher RSG 3 percentages (larger @entity5 areas with RSG 3) had a significantly decreased biochemical recurrence-free survival than those with a lower RSG 3 percentage, even within the Gleason score 7 subset of @entity1 . A nomogram introduced this new variable to the model. Furthermore, quantification of RSG 3 percentage was significantly predictive of @entity263 -specific death. Quantification of the RSG 3 ( @entity189 ) area in @entity263 provides additional novel information on prognosis. These data substantiate the concept that the @entity5 microenvironment holds significant predictive information, as well as biological significance.

title: Determining @entity263 -specific death through quantification of XXXX area in prostatectomy specimens.

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['stromogenic carcinoma']


abstract: It has recently been shown that mutations in @entity32846 / @entity32846 are responsible for the development of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in Caucasians. This gene is located near the IDDM7 region and one of its @entity535 polymorphisms, @entity52198 , has been associated with type 1 @entity6 (T1DM) in Japanese and Danish populations. The aim of our study is to examine @entity52198 for its role in T1DM in Caucasians. We used both population-based case-control analysis and family-based @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ). Genotyping was carried out by the dot-blotting method using P32. Study subjects comprised 202 type 1 @entity6 cases (mean age at diagnosis: 11.1 years, mean age at examination: 36.4 years) and 139 controls with normal fasting @entity413 . For the @entity1579 study, allelic transmission was evaluated in 209 case family trios. The frequency of the Ala45 allele was 70.3 % in cases and 62.9 % in controls (p=0.04), and 47.5 % of cases were Ala45 homozygotes compared to 36.0 % of controls (p=0.03). The @entity1579 component of the study did not achieve statistical significance. However, given the high frequency of this variant even among controls, exceptionally large data sets are needed to provide adequate power for this approach. Our case-control study suggests that the Ala45 variant of @entity32846 / @entity32846 may be associated with T1DM in Caucasians (or in linkage disequilibrium with a causative variant). However, this finding should be confirmed by a much larger family-based study.

title: The XXXX polymorphism of @entity32846 / @entity32846 gene and susceptibility to @entity6 in caucasians.

entities_list: @entity52198 :: ('p|SUB|A|45|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala45Thr']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['TDT', 'transmission/disequilibrium testing']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity52198 :: (p|SUB|A|45|T,ProteinMutation) :: ['Ala45Thr']


abstract: It has recently been shown that mutations in @entity32846 / @entity32846 are responsible for the development of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in Caucasians. This gene is located near the IDDM7 region and one of its @entity535 polymorphisms, @entity52198 , has been associated with type 1 @entity6 (T1DM) in Japanese and Danish populations. The aim of our study is to examine @entity52198 for its role in T1DM in Caucasians. We used both population-based case-control analysis and family-based @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ). Genotyping was carried out by the dot-blotting method using P32. Study subjects comprised 202 type 1 @entity6 cases (mean age at diagnosis: 11.1 years, mean age at examination: 36.4 years) and 139 controls with normal fasting @entity413 . For the @entity1579 study, allelic transmission was evaluated in 209 case family trios. The frequency of the Ala45 allele was 70.3 % in cases and 62.9 % in controls (p=0.04), and 47.5 % of cases were Ala45 homozygotes compared to 36.0 % of controls (p=0.03). The @entity1579 component of the study did not achieve statistical significance. However, given the high frequency of this variant even among controls, exceptionally large data sets are needed to provide adequate power for this approach. Our case-control study suggests that the Ala45 variant of @entity32846 / @entity32846 may be associated with T1DM in Caucasians (or in linkage disequilibrium with a causative variant). However, this finding should be confirmed by a much larger family-based study.

title: The @entity52198 polymorphism of XXXX / @entity32846 gene and susceptibility to @entity6 in caucasians.

answer: @entity32846 :: (4760,Gene) :: ['BETA2']


abstract: It has recently been shown that mutations in @entity32846 / @entity32846 are responsible for the development of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in Caucasians. This gene is located near the IDDM7 region and one of its @entity535 polymorphisms, @entity52198 , has been associated with type 1 @entity6 (T1DM) in Japanese and Danish populations. The aim of our study is to examine @entity52198 for its role in T1DM in Caucasians. We used both population-based case-control analysis and family-based @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ). Genotyping was carried out by the dot-blotting method using P32. Study subjects comprised 202 type 1 @entity6 cases (mean age at diagnosis: 11.1 years, mean age at examination: 36.4 years) and 139 controls with normal fasting @entity413 . For the @entity1579 study, allelic transmission was evaluated in 209 case family trios. The frequency of the Ala45 allele was 70.3 % in cases and 62.9 % in controls (p=0.04), and 47.5 % of cases were Ala45 homozygotes compared to 36.0 % of controls (p=0.03). The @entity1579 component of the study did not achieve statistical significance. However, given the high frequency of this variant even among controls, exceptionally large data sets are needed to provide adequate power for this approach. Our case-control study suggests that the Ala45 variant of @entity32846 / @entity32846 may be associated with T1DM in Caucasians (or in linkage disequilibrium with a causative variant). However, this finding should be confirmed by a much larger family-based study.

title: The @entity52198 polymorphism of @entity32846 / XXXX gene and susceptibility to @entity6 in caucasians.

answer: @entity32846 :: (4760,Gene) :: ['NeuroD1']


abstract: It has recently been shown that mutations in @entity32846 / @entity32846 are responsible for the development of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in Caucasians. This gene is located near the IDDM7 region and one of its @entity535 polymorphisms, @entity52198 , has been associated with type 1 @entity6 (T1DM) in Japanese and Danish populations. The aim of our study is to examine @entity52198 for its role in T1DM in Caucasians. We used both population-based case-control analysis and family-based @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ). Genotyping was carried out by the dot-blotting method using P32. Study subjects comprised 202 type 1 @entity6 cases (mean age at diagnosis: 11.1 years, mean age at examination: 36.4 years) and 139 controls with normal fasting @entity413 . For the @entity1579 study, allelic transmission was evaluated in 209 case family trios. The frequency of the Ala45 allele was 70.3 % in cases and 62.9 % in controls (p=0.04), and 47.5 % of cases were Ala45 homozygotes compared to 36.0 % of controls (p=0.03). The @entity1579 component of the study did not achieve statistical significance. However, given the high frequency of this variant even among controls, exceptionally large data sets are needed to provide adequate power for this approach. Our case-control study suggests that the Ala45 variant of @entity32846 / @entity32846 may be associated with T1DM in Caucasians (or in linkage disequilibrium with a causative variant). However, this finding should be confirmed by a much larger family-based study.

title: The @entity52198 polymorphism of @entity32846 / @entity32846 gene and susceptibility to XXXX in caucasians.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 is defined as greater than 100% of traumatic subluxation of one vertebral body in the coronal or sagittal plane which usually causes the complete transaction of spinal cord. It is a rare but severe @entity130 . We present four unusual cases of @entity130 causing complete spinal cord transaction, which were operated upon successfully. METHODS: We reviewed the imaging findings of four @entity1 with traumatic thoraco-lumbar spondyloptosis from our radiology database, who presented to our @entity130 centre from August 2008 to September 2008. Four @entity1 were identified with ages ranging from ten to 27  years. All @entity1 had sustained high-energy closed @entity3510 . All @entity1 underwent plain radiography, CT and MR imaging. RESULTS: Three @entity1 had @entity91 and one @entity1 had coronal plane spondyloptosis. Complete cord/cauda eqina transection was present in all @entity1 . One @entity1 had low lying cord with complete cord transection. All @entity1 underwent surgery. Reduction of displacement with pedicle screw and rod fixation was carried out to realign the vertebral column. None of the @entity1 recovered neurological function postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, traumatic thoraco-lumbar spondyloptosis is very rare and radiology plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of @entity130 . Surgical reconstruction and stabilisation allows for rehabilitation.

title: Unusual XXXX causing complete transaction of spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal plane spondyloptosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic spondyloptosis', 'injury of the vertebral column', 'traumatic spondyloptosis', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic spondyloptosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The predictive value of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in primary staging and response control in @entity1 with @entity418 ( @entity418 ) is under discussion. In the present study initial staging and metabolic response of PET-CT was correlated with @entity5 regression and survival in @entity1 with multimodal treatment of @entity418 . METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis on a prospective database for 83 @entity1 with @entity418 (42 squamous cell, 39 @entity420 , 2 @entity189 ) undergoing PET-CT for primary staging. Twenty-four of the @entity1 underwent primary esophagectomy, 9 had palliative treatment, and 50 neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy ( @entity900 , @entity1487 ; 50.4 Gy). The PET-CT study was repeated 6 weeks after induction of chemotherapy and compared with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). For response control, the metabolic response ( @entity5 standardized uptake value [SUV] reduction) was correlated with histopathologic (ypT0-4) and histomorphologic response ( @entity5 regression) and survival. RESULTS: At primary staging 81 of 83 @entity418 (97.5%) showed an increased SUV uptake correlating with the EUS @entity5 stage. Suspicious lymph nodes were detected in 51 (61.4%) @entity1 by PET-CT and 66 (79.5%) were detected by EUS. Fifteen @entity1 had additional findings on PET-CT examination leading to a change in therapy in 9 @entity1 (10.3%). Of 50 @entity1 receiving a second PET-CT study, a SUV reduction >50% correlated with major histomorphologic response ( @entity5 regression grade 4, <10% vital @entity5 cells) and histopathologic response (ypT0 ypN0). Furthermore, these @entity1 showed a significantly increased survival (33.1    3.5 months) compared to non-responders (21.7    3.3 months; p = 0.02) and @entity1 after primary surgery (29    3.2 months; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that PET-CT is a valuable tool for primary staging and response control in multimodal treatment of @entity1 with @entity418 .

title: Impact of PET-CT on primary staging and response control on multimodal treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['EC', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: @entity4053 is a profound threat to the brain since @entity413 is its preferred fuel. Thus, decreases in plasma @entity413 must be sensed and appropriate hormonal and neuroendocrine responses generated to restore @entity413 to safe levels (i.e. counterregulatory responses (CRR) to @entity4053 ). Recurrent @entity4053 impairs these protective mechanisms, resulting in a potentially life-threatening condition known as @entity11460 ( @entity11460 ). During @entity11460 , the glycemic threshold is reset so that @entity413 levels must fall further before the CRR is initiated. The brain plays a critical role in sensing @entity4053 and initiating the CRR. Additionally, many neurons may sense changes in plasma and extracellular @entity413 . However, the way in which central @entity413 sensing is integrated to lead to effective initiation of the CRR is unknown. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which this system becomes impaired during @entity11460 are also unknown. Glucosensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) are poised to serve an integrative function in @entity413 homeostasis. First, they sense @entity413 . Second, the VMN receives input from other @entity413 -sensing areas. Finally, the VMN projects to areas linked to the regulation of the sympathoadrenal system that mediates the CRR. This review discusses VMN glucosensing neurons relative to their capacity to play a role in the regulation of the CRR and the generation of @entity11460 . Glucosensing neurons in the hindbrain as well as peripheral glucosensors are also considered.

title: Glucosensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) and XXXX ( @entity11460 ).

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['HAAF', 'hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity11460 :: (MESH:D012791,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure']


abstract: @entity4053 is a profound threat to the brain since @entity413 is its preferred fuel. Thus, decreases in plasma @entity413 must be sensed and appropriate hormonal and neuroendocrine responses generated to restore @entity413 to safe levels (i.e. counterregulatory responses (CRR) to @entity4053 ). Recurrent @entity4053 impairs these protective mechanisms, resulting in a potentially life-threatening condition known as @entity11460 ( @entity11460 ). During @entity11460 , the glycemic threshold is reset so that @entity413 levels must fall further before the CRR is initiated. The brain plays a critical role in sensing @entity4053 and initiating the CRR. Additionally, many neurons may sense changes in plasma and extracellular @entity413 . However, the way in which central @entity413 sensing is integrated to lead to effective initiation of the CRR is unknown. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which this system becomes impaired during @entity11460 are also unknown. Glucosensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) are poised to serve an integrative function in @entity413 homeostasis. First, they sense @entity413 . Second, the VMN receives input from other @entity413 -sensing areas. Finally, the VMN projects to areas linked to the regulation of the sympathoadrenal system that mediates the CRR. This review discusses VMN glucosensing neurons relative to their capacity to play a role in the regulation of the CRR and the generation of @entity11460 . Glucosensing neurons in the hindbrain as well as peripheral glucosensors are also considered.

title: Glucosensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) and @entity11460 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity11460 :: (MESH:D012791,Disease) :: ['HAAF']


abstract: The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and laboratory features of @entity15835 ( @entity15835 ) in systemic onset @entity4932 (SOJIA) at a tertiary care center in northwest India. Review of medical records of all @entity1 with SOJIA admitted during the period January 1995-December 2008 in Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, was done. Six @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ) with SOJIA and @entity15835 were identified. Mean age at time of disease onset was 6.5 years. @entity15835 was the presenting manifestation of SOJIA in 4 @entity1 . Clinical manifestations included @entity221 (6/6), clinical shock (6/6), @entity75 (5/6), generalized @entity3329 (4/6), @entity828 (3/6), @entity1087 and abdominal tenderness (3/6), cardiac involvement (3/6), and meningeal irritation (2/6). Laboratory findings at onset of @entity15835 included decreasing total leukocyte and platelet counts, @entity1003 , elevated transaminases, @entity2753 , and @entity14822 . Hemophagocytosis was demonstrable in the bone marrow in 4 @entity1 and in the lymph node in 1. For treatment, we used intravenous @entity1667 (4/6), oral @entity617 (2/6), and intravenous immunoglobulin (2/6). Outcome was favorable in all @entity1 except one who died of rapidly progressive disease. This paper describes the experience of JIA-related @entity15835 in a tertiary Indian center. We have shown that @entity15835 can be the early presenting manifestation of evolving SOJIA. Early diagnosis and aggressive management can have a significant impact on the mortality associated with this syndrome. We stress on the role of glucocorticoids in the management of this condition and believe that glucocorticoids have a far more important role in the management of this condition than what has been previously reported.

title: Macrophage activation syndrome in @entity1 with systemic onset XXXX : clinical experience from northwest India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity15835 :: ('MESH:D055501', 'Disease') :: ['macrophage activation syndrome', 'MAS']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and laboratory features of @entity15835 ( @entity15835 ) in systemic onset @entity4932 (SOJIA) at a tertiary care center in northwest India. Review of medical records of all @entity1 with SOJIA admitted during the period January 1995-December 2008 in Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, was done. Six @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ) with SOJIA and @entity15835 were identified. Mean age at time of disease onset was 6.5 years. @entity15835 was the presenting manifestation of SOJIA in 4 @entity1 . Clinical manifestations included @entity221 (6/6), clinical shock (6/6), @entity75 (5/6), generalized @entity3329 (4/6), @entity828 (3/6), @entity1087 and abdominal tenderness (3/6), cardiac involvement (3/6), and meningeal irritation (2/6). Laboratory findings at onset of @entity15835 included decreasing total leukocyte and platelet counts, @entity1003 , elevated transaminases, @entity2753 , and @entity14822 . Hemophagocytosis was demonstrable in the bone marrow in 4 @entity1 and in the lymph node in 1. For treatment, we used intravenous @entity1667 (4/6), oral @entity617 (2/6), and intravenous immunoglobulin (2/6). Outcome was favorable in all @entity1 except one who died of rapidly progressive disease. This paper describes the experience of JIA-related @entity15835 in a tertiary Indian center. We have shown that @entity15835 can be the early presenting manifestation of evolving SOJIA. Early diagnosis and aggressive management can have a significant impact on the mortality associated with this syndrome. We stress on the role of glucocorticoids in the management of this condition and believe that glucocorticoids have a far more important role in the management of this condition than what has been previously reported.

title: Macrophage activation syndrome in XXXX with systemic onset @entity4932 : clinical experience from northwest India.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Findings on Optical Coherence Tomography in Macular Degeneration with Predominantly Classic Subfoveal @entity1940 Treated by Photodynamic Therapy with @entity4936 . We determined findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in @entity1020 with predominantly classic subfoveal @entity1940 treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with @entity4936 . We performed 21 correlations of central retinal thickness (CRT) on @entity27645 with findings on @entity941 angiography (FA) in our study. We quantified CRT on @entity27645 in 14 cases before, during and after the end of the treatment. The control group was composed from @entity1 , who were not able to undergo the treatment and therefore it was postponed. CRT on OCT correlated with FA in 95% of cases in our study. Maximal decreasee of CRT is demonstrated during the first three months of treatment. Values of CRT on OCT are in @entity1 after repeated sessions of PDT lower than before the first session. These values can grow up a little for some time due to increase of amount of intraretinal fluid during the first week after the session of PDT. During next follow-up there are no big differences between values of CRT. In the control group CRT on OCT increases progressively during the follow-up.

title: [ Findings on optical coherence tomography in @entity1 with @entity1020 treated with photodynamic therapy using XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4936 :: ('MESH:C098350', 'Chemical') :: ['Visudyne']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['Choroidal Neovascularization', 'choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity4936 :: (MESH:C098350,Chemical) :: ['Visudyne']


abstract: Findings on Optical Coherence Tomography in Macular Degeneration with Predominantly Classic Subfoveal @entity1940 Treated by Photodynamic Therapy with @entity4936 . We determined findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in @entity1020 with predominantly classic subfoveal @entity1940 treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with @entity4936 . We performed 21 correlations of central retinal thickness (CRT) on @entity27645 with findings on @entity941 angiography (FA) in our study. We quantified CRT on @entity27645 in 14 cases before, during and after the end of the treatment. The control group was composed from @entity1 , who were not able to undergo the treatment and therefore it was postponed. CRT on OCT correlated with FA in 95% of cases in our study. Maximal decreasee of CRT is demonstrated during the first three months of treatment. Values of CRT on OCT are in @entity1 after repeated sessions of PDT lower than before the first session. These values can grow up a little for some time due to increase of amount of intraretinal fluid during the first week after the session of PDT. During next follow-up there are no big differences between values of CRT. In the control group CRT on OCT increases progressively during the follow-up.

title: [ Findings on optical coherence tomography in @entity1 with XXXX treated with photodynamic therapy using @entity4936 ].

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: Findings on Optical Coherence Tomography in Macular Degeneration with Predominantly Classic Subfoveal @entity1940 Treated by Photodynamic Therapy with @entity4936 . We determined findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in @entity1020 with predominantly classic subfoveal @entity1940 treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with @entity4936 . We performed 21 correlations of central retinal thickness (CRT) on @entity27645 with findings on @entity941 angiography (FA) in our study. We quantified CRT on @entity27645 in 14 cases before, during and after the end of the treatment. The control group was composed from @entity1 , who were not able to undergo the treatment and therefore it was postponed. CRT on OCT correlated with FA in 95% of cases in our study. Maximal decreasee of CRT is demonstrated during the first three months of treatment. Values of CRT on OCT are in @entity1 after repeated sessions of PDT lower than before the first session. These values can grow up a little for some time due to increase of amount of intraretinal fluid during the first week after the session of PDT. During next follow-up there are no big differences between values of CRT. In the control group CRT on OCT increases progressively during the follow-up.

title: [ Findings on optical coherence tomography in XXXX with @entity1020 treated with photodynamic therapy using @entity4936 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: From 21 non osteogenic @entity81 submited to surgery, authors bring their surgical experience of that @entity5 . This frequent @entity3478 in childwood has generally a good pronostic; it evolves to spontaneous recovery in most of the cases. It is often latent, asymptomatic, and of an accidental diagnosis. The roentgenographic exam allows most often an accurate diagnosis. Sometimes it remains doubtful, and a biopsy is then necessary. The histologic exam will easily confirm the nature of the lesion. In half of the cases, non ossifying @entity81 is revealed by a spontaneous @entity174 . It seems illusive to hope a complete filling of the @entity5 cavity with an orthopaedic treatment alone; it must be done a resection of the @entity5 together with a bone graft and an osteosynthesis. In the end, in some cases of a fortuitous diagnosis, the bone is made so weak that a resection with bone graft is necessary. And so, during the evolution of non osteogenic @entity81 , there is a certain place for surgical treatment.

title: [Non-ossifying XXXX in children: a surgical condition?].

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromas', 'fibroma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor of the bone']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['fibroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the life goals of @entity1 with long-term @entity16 and to correlate them with measures of disability. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING: Centre for continuing disability management SUBJECTS: @entity1 with static or progressive @entity16 . INTERVENTIONS: Survey using questionnaires and disability scales. MEASURES: Life goals were identified with a life goals questionnaire. Subjects were also assessed using the Barthel Index, Rivermead Extended Activities of Daily Living Index, Rivermead Mobility Index, Short Orientation Memory Concentration test and Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale. RESULTS: Ninety-three subjects participated in the study. The frequency with which goals were chosen as extremely important was: family 64; personal care 59; residential arrangements 58; partner 53; social contacts 30; financial status 29; leisure 26; religion 22; and work 19. Positive correlation was noted between stated importance of: personal care and independence in ADL; work and independence; partner and cognitive ability; religion and age; and financial status and @entity148 . There was negative correlation between grades of personal care and @entity308 , work and age, residential arrangements and RMI, and social contact and @entity148 and @entity308 . @entity308 @entity1 rated fewer goals as being of extreme importance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with disabilities attach great significance to relationships and personal care. Grades of life goals correlated with measures of disability, cognition and emotion.

title: Life goals of @entity1 with disabilities due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disabilities', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'Depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the life goals of @entity1 with long-term @entity16 and to correlate them with measures of disability. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING: Centre for continuing disability management SUBJECTS: @entity1 with static or progressive @entity16 . INTERVENTIONS: Survey using questionnaires and disability scales. MEASURES: Life goals were identified with a life goals questionnaire. Subjects were also assessed using the Barthel Index, Rivermead Extended Activities of Daily Living Index, Rivermead Mobility Index, Short Orientation Memory Concentration test and Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale. RESULTS: Ninety-three subjects participated in the study. The frequency with which goals were chosen as extremely important was: family 64; personal care 59; residential arrangements 58; partner 53; social contacts 30; financial status 29; leisure 26; religion 22; and work 19. Positive correlation was noted between stated importance of: personal care and independence in ADL; work and independence; partner and cognitive ability; religion and age; and financial status and @entity148 . There was negative correlation between grades of personal care and @entity308 , work and age, residential arrangements and RMI, and social contact and @entity148 and @entity308 . @entity308 @entity1 rated fewer goals as being of extreme importance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with disabilities attach great significance to relationships and personal care. Grades of life goals correlated with measures of disability, cognition and emotion.

title: Life goals of XXXX with disabilities due to @entity16 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess inter-rater reliability of the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) when used by occupational therapists in @entity64 @entity1 . DESIGN: Independent administration of the FAI by occupational therapists in 45 @entity64 outpatients. SETTING: Outpatient departments of two Dutch rehabilitation centres. STATISTICS: Agreement between pairs of raters was assessed at item level using weighted Kappa and the percentage absolute agreement and for the total score using @entity7166 ( @entity7166 ), Bland-Altman plots and computation of the smallest real difference (SMR). RESULTS: @entity7166 of the total score was good (0.90; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.82-0.94). The Bland-Altman plot did not reveal relationships between agreement and height of scores. Reliability at item level was good (kappa >0.60) in 11 out of 15 items. The item 'gainful work' showed high agreement but a low kappa due to an extremely skewed score distribution. Reliability was insufficient in three items: 'local shopping', 'social occasions' and 'actively pursuing hobby'. Clarification of scoring instructions of these items might further improve the inter-rater reliability of the FAI. CONCLUSION: The FAI is a reliable instrument to measure outcomes of outpatient rehabilitation in @entity1 with @entity64 .

title: Good inter-rater reliability of the Frenchay Activities Index in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity7166 :: ('MESH:D008311', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intra-class correlations']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess inter-rater reliability of the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) when used by occupational therapists in @entity64 @entity1 . DESIGN: Independent administration of the FAI by occupational therapists in 45 @entity64 outpatients. SETTING: Outpatient departments of two Dutch rehabilitation centres. STATISTICS: Agreement between pairs of raters was assessed at item level using weighted Kappa and the percentage absolute agreement and for the total score using @entity7166 ( @entity7166 ), Bland-Altman plots and computation of the smallest real difference (SMR). RESULTS: @entity7166 of the total score was good (0.90; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.82-0.94). The Bland-Altman plot did not reveal relationships between agreement and height of scores. Reliability at item level was good (kappa >0.60) in 11 out of 15 items. The item 'gainful work' showed high agreement but a low kappa due to an extremely skewed score distribution. Reliability was insufficient in three items: 'local shopping', 'social occasions' and 'actively pursuing hobby'. Clarification of scoring instructions of these items might further improve the inter-rater reliability of the FAI. CONCLUSION: The FAI is a reliable instrument to measure outcomes of outpatient rehabilitation in @entity1 with @entity64 .

title: Good inter-rater reliability of the Frenchay Activities Index in @entity64 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We report three cases of @entity4263 ( @entity4263 ), all with @entity4924 , @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) and ventricular preexcitation. In cases 1 and 2, the ECG revealed sinus rhythm, with type A fusion preexcitation QRS complexes, suggesting left-sided Kent bundles and intact @entity713 ( @entity713 ). Complete serial section (SS) of the @entity713 in both cases revealed an anterior @entity713 and a Kent bundle in the posteroseptal wall of the morphologic right ventricle (MRV). Case 3 had intermittent preexcitation, with periods of complete @entity713 with narrow QRS escape rhythm. The preexcitation complexes suggested the presence of a left lateral Kent bundle. SS of the @entity713 revealed a blind posterior and two anterior AV nodes, one on either side of the pulmonary trunk. The left anterior AV node was blind. The right anterior node formed the anterior bundle, which ended blindly. This bundle emerged again and joined a posterior bundle to form an interrupted sling around the closed @entity1757 . In addition, there was a tenous Kent bundle at the posterolateral wall of the MRV. In summary: (1) preexcitation in @entity4263 with @entity4924 of the left AV valve is associated with Kent bundles; (2) fusion complexes reflected intact @entity713 ; and (3) intermittent preexcitation with @entity713 was associated with the presence of tenuous Kent bundl and discontinuity of the @entity713 .

title: The anatomic substrate for preexcitation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV block', 'conduction system', 'CS', 'atrioventricular (AV) block']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['corrected transposition', 'CT']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ["Ebstein's disease"]

answer: @entity4263 :: (MESH:C535426,Disease) :: ['corrected transposition']


abstract: Sequential small intestinal biopsies from @entity1 with @entity1593 were studied by scanning electron microscopy before and after dietary treatment. Compared with @entity1 without evidence of @entity194 , there were marked architectural changes. Before treatment, villi were absent and crypts were prominent. After treatment, the intestinal repair could be divided into stages. The first stage consisted of circular ridges surrounding the crypts. Unequal cellular repletion around the crypts resulted in the formation of horseshoe shaped ridges. Elongation of the arms of the horseshoes led to the formation of cerebriform ridges. Mitten-like villi were formed in the last stage by the development of furrows and septation of the ridges. The scanning electron microscope is a useful adjunct to the light microscopic and dissecting microscopic assessment of small intestinal biopsies. It can detect changes not possible with either light microscopy or the dissecting microscope and may be a more sensitive technique for the morphological assessment of @entity1 response to treatment for @entity1593 .

title: Scanning electron microscopy of small intestinal repair following treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['villus atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['gluten sensitive enteropathy']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['gluten sensitive enteropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical experience of trastuzumab treatment in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, metastatic setting of Chinese @entity1 with @entity1722 positive @entity0 and evaluate the efficacy of trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2008, 141 outpatients with @entity0 treated with trastuzumab were investigated retrospectively. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 319 months. The disease free survival time (DFS) of metastatic setting was calculated. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), time to treatment failure (TTF) and clinical response rate (CRR, including complete response, partial response and stable disease) of adjuvant, first-line, second-line therapy were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: In the neoadjuvant regimen, @entity1311 plus @entity3003 in combination with trastuzumab accounted for 66.7%, which achieved pathological complete response in 10 of 16 @entity1 . In the adjuvant regimen, @entity4349 or @entity4349 followed by @entity3907 accounted for 53.9%. The median DFS of 57 cases with metastatic diseases was 17 months. The CRR of first-line trastuzumab use in metastatic setting was 84.5%, compared with 44.4% of second-line use. The median TTF of first-line treatment was 24 months compared with 5 months of second-line treatment. Statistically significant differences were observed. CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity1311 plus @entity3003 in combination with trastuzumab deserves wide clinical use. In metastatic setting, first-line treatment of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy can achieve a higher response rate than second-line treatment. Continued trastuzumab therapy combined with different chemotherapy treatment after disease progression may obtain additive clinical advantage.

title: [Retrospective analysis of trastuzumab treatment in 141 @entity1 with XXXX positive @entity0 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival time']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['Her-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical experience of trastuzumab treatment in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, metastatic setting of Chinese @entity1 with @entity1722 positive @entity0 and evaluate the efficacy of trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2008, 141 outpatients with @entity0 treated with trastuzumab were investigated retrospectively. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 319 months. The disease free survival time (DFS) of metastatic setting was calculated. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), time to treatment failure (TTF) and clinical response rate (CRR, including complete response, partial response and stable disease) of adjuvant, first-line, second-line therapy were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: In the neoadjuvant regimen, @entity1311 plus @entity3003 in combination with trastuzumab accounted for 66.7%, which achieved pathological complete response in 10 of 16 @entity1 . In the adjuvant regimen, @entity4349 or @entity4349 followed by @entity3907 accounted for 53.9%. The median DFS of 57 cases with metastatic diseases was 17 months. The CRR of first-line trastuzumab use in metastatic setting was 84.5%, compared with 44.4% of second-line use. The median TTF of first-line treatment was 24 months compared with 5 months of second-line treatment. Statistically significant differences were observed. CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity1311 plus @entity3003 in combination with trastuzumab deserves wide clinical use. In metastatic setting, first-line treatment of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy can achieve a higher response rate than second-line treatment. Continued trastuzumab therapy combined with different chemotherapy treatment after disease progression may obtain additive clinical advantage.

title: [Retrospective analysis of trastuzumab treatment in 141 @entity1 with @entity1722 positive XXXX ].

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical experience of trastuzumab treatment in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, metastatic setting of Chinese @entity1 with @entity1722 positive @entity0 and evaluate the efficacy of trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2008, 141 outpatients with @entity0 treated with trastuzumab were investigated retrospectively. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 319 months. The disease free survival time (DFS) of metastatic setting was calculated. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), time to treatment failure (TTF) and clinical response rate (CRR, including complete response, partial response and stable disease) of adjuvant, first-line, second-line therapy were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: In the neoadjuvant regimen, @entity1311 plus @entity3003 in combination with trastuzumab accounted for 66.7%, which achieved pathological complete response in 10 of 16 @entity1 . In the adjuvant regimen, @entity4349 or @entity4349 followed by @entity3907 accounted for 53.9%. The median DFS of 57 cases with metastatic diseases was 17 months. The CRR of first-line trastuzumab use in metastatic setting was 84.5%, compared with 44.4% of second-line use. The median TTF of first-line treatment was 24 months compared with 5 months of second-line treatment. Statistically significant differences were observed. CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity1311 plus @entity3003 in combination with trastuzumab deserves wide clinical use. In metastatic setting, first-line treatment of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy can achieve a higher response rate than second-line treatment. Continued trastuzumab therapy combined with different chemotherapy treatment after disease progression may obtain additive clinical advantage.

title: [Retrospective analysis of trastuzumab treatment in 141 XXXX with @entity1722 positive @entity0 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5072 is a chronic @entity32 of unknown etiology commonly seen among orientals and characterized histologically by lymphatic follicles, vascular proliferation, and marked @entity1712 . It has a predilection for the head and neck region. The lesion is benign but can be mistaken to be a malignant lesion. METHODS: Between January 1987 and December 1999, eight cases of @entity5072 were treated at the Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital Kuala Lumpur. All the @entity1 underwent surgical excision followed by initial high-dose @entity134 therapy and low-dose maintenance. RESULTS: All the @entity1 are @entity1 , seven belong to the Malay race and one is Chinese. The @entity1 ' ages at diagnosis are 18 to 46 years. All were initially seen with swelling in the parotid gland, ranging from 1 year to 20 years' duration. Pruritus of the overlying skin was seen in seven @entity1 . Treatment by surgical excision and @entity134 therapy has led to no recurrences. CONCLUSION: @entity5072 of parotid gland is rare. It is a chronic inflammatory condition also called @entity5072 . Treatment by surgical excision and @entity134 therapy has led to no recurrences.

title: XXXX of parotid gland presenting as solitary parotid swelling.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic hyperplastic lymphogranuloma', "Kimura's disease"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity5072 :: (MESH:D000796,Disease) :: ['Kimura's disease']


abstract: In 1979-1981, 107 @entity1 with @entity483 were treated with Psorilux 9050 emitting 1.24 mW/cm2 at 280-315 nm and 7.33 mW/cm2 at 315-400 nm. Half of the @entity1 received one treatment course, 20% 2-3 courses, and one third more than 3 treatment courses. A good result was obtained in 93% of the cases but in the other cases the treatment was either ineffective or the @entity1 were too sensitive to the radiation. After the treatment, the need for treatment with topical corticosteroids had decreased in one half of the @entity1 and increased in only 2% of them. In 1982-1983, 89 atopics were treated with Metec Helarium model 1480, emitting both UVB and UVA (310-340 nm, with a peak at 320-330 nm). One treatment course, 3-45 weeks (mean 19 weeks), was given to 69 @entity1 , and two treatment courses to 20 @entity1 . The treatment was effective in 94% of the @entity1 . The others did not respond. After the treatment, the need of treatment with topical corticosteroids had decreased in 85% of the cases, and increased in none. Psorilux therapy caused II degree burns in two @entity1 and erythema lasting greater than 24 hours in 11 @entity1 . Erythema was encountered in 14 @entity1 receiving Metec Helarium therapy but in no cases II degree burns. Seventeen @entity1 received both Psorilux and Metec Helarium therapies and 14 of them preferred the latter.

title: Ultraviolet light therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: The effects of physical restraint and poly I:C treatment on the growth of MOPC 104E @entity1582 and @entity19 @entity421 and survival of animals bearing such @entity5 were investigated. Our studies show that in the Balb/c @entity19 with MOPC 104E @entity1582 the effects of restraint stress were detrimental and lead to early death of the @entity19 . When the restraint was combined with poly I:C, during the early course of the disease, restraint stress neutralized the beneficial effects of the poly I:C treatment. These studies show that under certain circumstances, restraint stress can negate the effects of therapy. On the other hand, restraint stress produced an opposite effect in C3H/He @entity19 with @entity19 @entity421 treated in the same fashion. In @entity19 with @entity421 , restraint stress delayed @entity5 growth and increased the median survival time. When restraint stress was combined with poly I:C treatment, the mean @entity5 size was smaller and median survival was substantially increased over the control group. Because poly I:C therapy delayed @entity5 growth and increased survival in both models, efforts to strengthen this response were tested by conditioning. Our studies show the response to poly I:C as measured by elevation of the NK activity could be conditioned with @entity9679 smell. Conditioning of the host to raise immune activity to alter the outcome of disease is a new area yet to be explored and has important clinical significance. These studies, we believe, are important because they explore the connection between mind and body and resistance to disease.

title: Neural and environmental influences on XXXX and conditioning of NK activity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma tumor', 'osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: 23 @entity101 @entity1 were treated with the new fixed-dose combination drug Beta-Aldopur, containing 100 mg @entity44487 and 50 mg @entity1482 per tablet. In part they had been pretreated with other fixed combinations without sufficient success. 19 @entity1 completed the eight-week study. Initial dosage of two tablets could be reduced to one tablet daily following normalization (less than 90 mm Hg) of diastolic blood pressure in one third of @entity1 . Mean pressure in a sitting posture was lowered from 176 +/- 21/111 +/- 9 mm Hg to 156 +/- 21/93 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than 0,0001) gradually until the 4th week. Body weight decreased by 2.5 kg (3.1%) until the 6th week and remained constant thereafter. Mean concentration of serum @entity972 rose significantly by 0.42 mmol/l within normal limits. Specific and non-specific side effects were very rare and no serious reactions occurred. Compared to pretreatment with other fixed combinations, most of them containing @entity7206 , the combination of @entity44487 with @entity1482 was more efficacious in lowering the blood pressure. According to the results of our study Beta-Aldopur is suitable for treatment of essential @entity101 of all degrees, especially for @entity1 prone to @entity1371 , if secondary @entity1368 caused by @entity101 or by medication may be expected and/or if other medications are not adequately effective.

title: [Treatment of medium-severe essential XXXX with beta-Aldopur under practice conditions].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity44487 :: ('MESH:D002046', 'Chemical') :: ['bupranolol']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity293 are among the most frequently encountered health problems in @entity1 of family physicians. The diagnosis requires the demonstration of more than 100,000 bacterial colonies per milliliter in a freshly voided urine specimen. @entity3833 , @entity644 , and @entity4658 are unreliable diagnostic criteria. The pathogenesis is uncertain although vaginal colonization with enteric bacteria, voluntary avoidance of urination, and sexual intercourse are contributing causes. @entity3025 is related to recurrent infection but a causal relationship has not been established. @entity293 in @entity1 is related to @entity8 , but therapy of the infections does not prevent @entity8 . @entity281 disappear spontaneously in up to 40 percent of adult @entity1 . Bacteriuria in pregnancy, however, is related to low birth weight in @entity1 and increased perinatal mortality. Asymptomatic @entity793 need not be diagnosed or treated except in pregnant @entity1 . For symptomatic infections, short-term antibiotic therapy is as effective as long-term therapy. Prophylactic antibiotics and therapy by modification of behavior using a multifaceted regimen can reduce the frequency of recurrent infection.

title: The spectrum of XXXX in family practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney damage', 'decreased renal growth and kidney scars']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infection', 'Urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: A broad spectrum of immunologic parameters was investigated in 13 cases of @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ), including those for cellular immunity which has attracted little attention in the past. One was a 46-year-old @entity1 having both @entity3918 and a @entity704 . This association between @entity3918 and @entity704 is probably coincidental without biologic significance. There was no evidence of @entity5 in the remaining 12 @entity1 . The delayed cutaneous @entity56 to @entity3304 was anergic in 3 @entity1 and showed impaired positive reactivity in 3 @entity1 , as compared with no failure of response in normal adults or @entity1 with @entity1555 . A high proportion of @entity1 with @entity3918 displayed positive tuberculin reactions, as did controls. Our case of @entity3918 with a @entity704 showed marked @entity1503 , but the number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood in the remaining 12 @entity1 was normal. Uptake of @entity665 by lymphocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin was normal. Serum gammaglobulin was reduced in 4 @entity1 with @entity3918 . The mean value of serum immunoglobulin level was decreased only in the class of IgG. A wider derangement of immunologic function may occur in @entity3918 than was previously recognized.

title: Immunologic derangement in @entity3918 --abnormal contact sensitization to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3304 :: ('MESH:D004137', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrochlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['tritiated thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia in peripheral blood']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reaction']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic muscular dystrophy', 'MyD']

answer: @entity3304 :: (MESH:D004137,Chemical) :: ['dinitrochlorobenzene']


abstract: A broad spectrum of immunologic parameters was investigated in 13 cases of @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ), including those for cellular immunity which has attracted little attention in the past. One was a 46-year-old @entity1 having both @entity3918 and a @entity704 . This association between @entity3918 and @entity704 is probably coincidental without biologic significance. There was no evidence of @entity5 in the remaining 12 @entity1 . The delayed cutaneous @entity56 to @entity3304 was anergic in 3 @entity1 and showed impaired positive reactivity in 3 @entity1 , as compared with no failure of response in normal adults or @entity1 with @entity1555 . A high proportion of @entity1 with @entity3918 displayed positive tuberculin reactions, as did controls. Our case of @entity3918 with a @entity704 showed marked @entity1503 , but the number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood in the remaining 12 @entity1 was normal. Uptake of @entity665 by lymphocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin was normal. Serum gammaglobulin was reduced in 4 @entity1 with @entity3918 . The mean value of serum immunoglobulin level was decreased only in the class of IgG. A wider derangement of immunologic function may occur in @entity3918 than was previously recognized.

title: Immunologic derangement in XXXX --abnormal contact sensitization to @entity3304 .

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['myotonic dystrophy']


abstract: The extent of the binocular cortical field in albino @entity19 , as revealed by recording from single cells, was almost normal; although the input from the ipsilateral eye was weaker than normal, most cells were driven from both eyes. By backfilling retinal @entity4494 cells from one optic tract with horseradish peroxidase we examined the origins of the retinofugal projections. Filled cells ipsilateral to the injected tract were concentrated in a crescent-shaped area bordering the inferior temperal retina. In black @entity19 this area constituted 20% of the total retinal area, in albinos 17%. In black @entity19 we counted nearly 1,000 labeled cells in the @entity717 , or 2.6% of all cells filled in both eyes. Albinos had about one-third fewer filled cells ipsilaterally than black @entity19 . Four percent of all ipsilaterally filled cells in black @entity19 and 8% in albinos were scattered outside of the crescent region. The density of ipsilaterally projecting cells was uniform throughout the crescent region in black @entity19 , but decreased toward the central retina in albinos. In retinas contralateral to the injection up to 39,000 cells were filled-about two-thirds of the cells in the @entity4494 -cell layer whose cytoplasm contained conspicuous Nissl substance. Depending on classification of unfilled cells as @entity4494 cells or interneurons, we estimated a @entity2198 cells to exist in the retina. The size distribution of ipsilaterally projecting @entity4494 cells was similar in albinos and normals. Ipsilaterally projecting @entity4494 cells were on average 1.8-3 times larger in volume than contralaterally projecting ones in both types of @entity19 . @entity4494 cells were relatively more common in ipsilateral retinofugal projections: 21% of all @entity4494 cells were displaced versus less than 1% of all the @entity4494 cells in black @entity19 . In albinos only 13% of the @entity4494 cells in the @entity717 were displaced. The overall reduction in ipsilaterally projecting cells in albinos was reflected twice as much in displaced @entity4494 cells as in normally placed ones.

title: Origins of crossed and uncrossed retinal projections in pigmented and albino XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral retina']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['Displaced ganglion', 'contralateral ganglion', 'ganglion', 'ipsilateral ganglion']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The present investigation deals with the functional recovery of the @entity35 incisor periodontium following application of optimal intrusive loads for a period of 2 weeks and addresses the relationship between function and integrity of dental and periodontal tissues. The daily rate of @entity203 served as an indicator of the functional capacity of the @entity35 periodontal ligament (PDL), while the condition of the PDL was evaluated by means of serial histologic sections. The left mandibular incisors of thirteen experimental and seven control @entity35 were shortened to prevent occlusion, and calibrated loads of 19 +/- 1.6 grams were applied to the teeth of the experimental animals. Following removal of the springs, the daily rate of @entity203 of all teeth was measured during a recovery period of 80 days. In all experimental animals, prolonged impairment of the eruptive potential had occurred: In 50% the rate of @entity203 was fully restored 8 weeks after removal of the loads, and in these animals the histologic evaluation showed an almost normal PDL. In the remaining 50% gross impediment in the @entity203 rate persisted throughout the entire experimental period. The intratissue forces operating during the recovery period had sufficient strength to cause a degree of periodontal injury equivalent to that ensuant on direct loading. Extensive newly developed @entity39 were evident in the initially stretched mesial PDL. Areas of dentin resorption, denuded cementum, and injured enamel appeared a considerable time after load removal. Periodontal @entity130 and loss of attachment of collagen fibers, presence of scarlike tissue, and infiltration of inflammatory cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Recovery of the dental and periodontal tissues of the XXXX incisor following application of continuous intrusive loads: a long-term study.

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruption']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury included disorientation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lesions']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity4676 is a common @entity74 consisting of multiple tics and vocal noises. We summarize here clinical aspects of 250 consecutive cases seen over a period of 3 years. The sex ratio was four males to one female, and the mean age of onset was 6.9 years. Only 10% were Jewish, indicating that it is not more prevalent in Ashkenazi Jews. Only 33% had compulsive swearing (coprolalia), indicating that this is not necessary for the diagnosis. The most frequent initial symptoms were rapid eye-blinking, facial grimacing, and throat-clearing. In this series, it was clear that @entity4676 is a @entity146 as well as a @entity16 . Significant discipline problems and/or problems with anger and violence occurred in 61%, and 54% had @entity71 with @entity2915 . Some degree of exhibitionism was present in 15.9% of males and 6.1% of females. @entity3119 was seen in 32%. Other than tics and vocal noises, the most common parental complaints were of short temper and everything being a confrontation. There were no significant clinical differences between familial and sporadic cases. Whenever a @entity1 presents with a @entity4207 , @entity71 , or significant discipline or emotional problems, the parents should be questioned about the presence of tics or vocal noises in the @entity1 and other family members.

title: XXXX : clinical and psychological aspects of 250 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit disorder']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary neuropsychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['Obsessive-compulsive behavior']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity4676 :: (MESH:D005879,Disease) :: ['Tourette syndrome']


abstract: Compounds with primary @entity1472 groups react with @entity20720 in solution to yield highly fluorescent products. This reaction is now in wide use for detecting @entity1522 and @entity4478 in liquid-chromatography effluents. We report here a method for using @entity20720 to detect @entity2229 in the effluent of a gas-liquid-chromatographic column. The effluent gas, nominally 20 mL/min, is delivered to a scrubber consisting of a small-bore, simulated capillary chromatographic column that is simultaneously supplied with 1 mL/min of the reagent solution. The liquid effluent of the scrubber, separated from the gas, is drawn through the flow cell of a fluorometer. Short-chain @entity4478 and @entity3265 were quantitatively scrubbed. The response of the fluorometer was directly proportional to the number of nanomoles injected into the column. Less than a nanomole of @entity6115 was detectable. Comparison of results with those from a @entity3884 flame-ionization detector showed minimal additional peak broadening or compromise of resolution. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using highly specific, as well as sensitive, liquid-chromatographic detection methods for gas-liquid chromatography.

title: Specific detection of XXXX in the effluent of a gas-chromatographic column by on-line measurement of fluorescence.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity2229 :: ('CHEBI:32877', 'Chemical') :: ['primary amines']

entities_list: @entity20720 :: ('MESH:D009764', 'Chemical') :: ['o-phthalaldehyde']

answer: @entity2229 :: (CHEBI:32877,Chemical) :: ['primary amines']


abstract: The decay rates of several messenger RNA species were determined in @entity19 @entity6007 cells. The t1/2 values for the actin and tubulin mRNAs were 16 to 26 hours and about seven hours, respectively. The globin mRNA, and two mRNA species subject to translation repression, the @entity42315 and @entity5207 mRNAs, were about as stable as the ribosomal RNA. A stable tubulin mRNA component also appeared to be present in the cells. Exposure of the cells to @entity3733 for 48 hours led to considerable increases in the rates of decay of all but the globin mRNA. The induction of erythroid differentiation caused by the drug appears to lead to activation of a mRNA-degradation process that affects individual species to different degrees. The newly synthesized actin and tubulin mRNAs lost their poly(A) rather rapidly. This was accompanied by accumulation of poly(A)-deficient mRNA chains, particularly in the case of actin mRNA. The steady-state distribution of mRNA components, determined by Northern blot analysis, also showed that the actin mRNA and one tubulin mRNA species have a high proportion of poly(A)-deficient molecules. The globin, @entity42315 and @entity5207 mRNAs showed little tendency to lose their poly(A) sequence. The steady-state globin and @entity42315 mRNAs also had a low proportion of chains depleted of poly(A). For all five species, the proportions of poly(A)-deficient chains in newly synthesized mRNA were about the same in uninduced and induced cells, in spite of the large decreases in mRNA stability in the induced cells. The lack of correlation between tendency to lose poly(A) and rate of mRNA decay, and the large accumulation of poly(A)-deficient molecules in the cases of the actin and tubulin mRNAs suggest that the stability of mRNA is not determined solely by the presence of poly(A) on the RNA chains. The behavior of the untranslated species in induced and uninduced cells also fails to support the notion of a relationship between translation and mRNA decay.

title: Regulation of messenger RNA stability in @entity19 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['erythroleukemia']

answer: @entity6007 :: (MESH:D004915,Disease) :: ['erythroleukemia']


abstract: The decay rates of several messenger RNA species were determined in @entity19 @entity6007 cells. The t1/2 values for the actin and tubulin mRNAs were 16 to 26 hours and about seven hours, respectively. The globin mRNA, and two mRNA species subject to translation repression, the @entity42315 and @entity5207 mRNAs, were about as stable as the ribosomal RNA. A stable tubulin mRNA component also appeared to be present in the cells. Exposure of the cells to @entity3733 for 48 hours led to considerable increases in the rates of decay of all but the globin mRNA. The induction of erythroid differentiation caused by the drug appears to lead to activation of a mRNA-degradation process that affects individual species to different degrees. The newly synthesized actin and tubulin mRNAs lost their poly(A) rather rapidly. This was accompanied by accumulation of poly(A)-deficient mRNA chains, particularly in the case of actin mRNA. The steady-state distribution of mRNA components, determined by Northern blot analysis, also showed that the actin mRNA and one tubulin mRNA species have a high proportion of poly(A)-deficient molecules. The globin, @entity42315 and @entity5207 mRNAs showed little tendency to lose their poly(A) sequence. The steady-state globin and @entity42315 mRNAs also had a low proportion of chains depleted of poly(A). For all five species, the proportions of poly(A)-deficient chains in newly synthesized mRNA were about the same in uninduced and induced cells, in spite of the large decreases in mRNA stability in the induced cells. The lack of correlation between tendency to lose poly(A) and rate of mRNA decay, and the large accumulation of poly(A)-deficient molecules in the cases of the actin and tubulin mRNAs suggest that the stability of mRNA is not determined solely by the presence of poly(A) on the RNA chains. The behavior of the untranslated species in induced and uninduced cells also fails to support the notion of a relationship between translation and mRNA decay.

title: Regulation of messenger RNA stability in XXXX @entity6007 cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In @entity3052 ( @entity3052 -46 @entity1 ) and various entities of chronic @entity66 ( @entity32942 -58 @entity1 ) an evaluation and comparison of clinical and postmortem findings has been performed. This study included also aspirates and core biopsies of the bone marrow which were initially taken on admission of those @entity1 . Classification of @entity32942 was done following the concept of Georgii et al. (1984) into CGL -24-, CMGM-6-, E- @entity15 -13- and @entity15 /OMS-15 cases. There was a significant increase in blastic crisis in CGL compared with the other entities and in the latter a prolongation of the total course of disease due to a long period between symptoms--clinical diagnosis. As revealed by the autopsies causes of @entity204 were @entity281 ( @entity55 , @entity295 -50%) and lethal @entity548 (gastrointestinal and cerebral--about 30%) in both @entity3052 and CMGM @entity1 . Rare causes comprised fatal @entity1151 due to a peripheral @entity1148 in @entity32942 , @entity2617 of the myocard in @entity3052 . In addition to the well known giant enlargement of the spleen in @entity15 /OMS, the relatively high frequency of a @entity693 (meningeosis leukemica) in @entity3052 (about 35%) and during an acute transformation in @entity32942 (up to 30%) was conspicuous. The examination of the bone marrow at various sites became feasible during the postmortem procedure and thus provided the opportunity to investigate the development and extent of a @entity4018 evolving in @entity32942 . In contrast to the a- or @entity509 and regeneration of the @entity1210 following chemotherapy, the evolution of @entity75 showed a very uniform pattern throughout the skeleton and obviously no reversal of a manifest @entity15 /OMS after cytotoxic treatment.

title: Autopsy and clinical findings in @entity3052 and chronic XXXX --an evaluation of 104 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['acute rupture of the spleen and extensive leukemic infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['myelosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mostly infections']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal involvement']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['myeloproliferative diseases']