abstract: In order to evaluate the interaction between the opiate-like peptidergic pathways and the dopaminergic system in modulating prolactin ( @entity4090 ) secretion, ten normal volunteers were studied according to a double-blind, cross-over, randomized experimental design. A group of five subjects was given a fixed dose of @entity3216 (a selective antidopaminergic agent, 25 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or three different doses of @entity1510 (a selective opioid antagonist, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg i.v.) while a second group of five subjects received the same drugs in a 'reverse' protocol, i.e. a fixed dose of @entity1510 (0.4 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or increasing doses of @entity3216 (25, 50, 100 mg i.v.). In both groups, the drugs were injected simultaneously and blood samples for @entity4090 determination were taken at various intervals during the 15 min preceding drug injections and then over the following 4 h. @entity1510 (0.4 mg i.v.) per se did not induce any modification of plasma @entity4090 levels, but reduced to a significant extent @entity3216 -induced @entity4089 (P less than 0.02). However, a higher dose of @entity1510 (0.8 mg i.v.) did not cause significant changes in @entity3216 -stimulated @entity4090 levels. Increasing dosages of @entity3216 (up to 100 mg i.v.) reversed the blunted response of @entity4090 after @entity3216 , 25 mg, in presence of @entity1510 . Our data show that @entity1510 , at a dose of 0.4 mg i.v. inactive per se on basal @entity4090 levels, is able to blunt significantly @entity3216 -induced @entity4089 . This suggests that, in @entity1 , opioid peptides are able to influence @entity4090 release after antidopaminergic stimuli.

title: @entity1510 inhibits XXXX -induced @entity4089 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3216 :: (MESH:D013469,Chemical) :: ['sulpiride']


abstract: In order to evaluate the interaction between the opiate-like peptidergic pathways and the dopaminergic system in modulating prolactin ( @entity4090 ) secretion, ten normal volunteers were studied according to a double-blind, cross-over, randomized experimental design. A group of five subjects was given a fixed dose of @entity3216 (a selective antidopaminergic agent, 25 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or three different doses of @entity1510 (a selective opioid antagonist, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg i.v.) while a second group of five subjects received the same drugs in a 'reverse' protocol, i.e. a fixed dose of @entity1510 (0.4 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or increasing doses of @entity3216 (25, 50, 100 mg i.v.). In both groups, the drugs were injected simultaneously and blood samples for @entity4090 determination were taken at various intervals during the 15 min preceding drug injections and then over the following 4 h. @entity1510 (0.4 mg i.v.) per se did not induce any modification of plasma @entity4090 levels, but reduced to a significant extent @entity3216 -induced @entity4089 (P less than 0.02). However, a higher dose of @entity1510 (0.8 mg i.v.) did not cause significant changes in @entity3216 -stimulated @entity4090 levels. Increasing dosages of @entity3216 (up to 100 mg i.v.) reversed the blunted response of @entity4090 after @entity3216 , 25 mg, in presence of @entity1510 . Our data show that @entity1510 , at a dose of 0.4 mg i.v. inactive per se on basal @entity4090 levels, is able to blunt significantly @entity3216 -induced @entity4089 . This suggests that, in @entity1 , opioid peptides are able to influence @entity4090 release after antidopaminergic stimuli.

title: @entity1510 inhibits @entity3216 -induced @entity4089 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: @entity3776 dehydrogenase from @entity14921 is inactivated by trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase E, thermolysin, 4.0 M @entity1133 , and by heating to 49 degrees C. It is protected, to varying degrees, against all these forms of inactivation by @entity3776 , @entity2125 +, and @entity1110 +. When these ligands are present at 10 times their respective @entity573 concentrations, protection by @entity2125 + or @entity3776 is substantially greater than protection by @entity1110 +. A detailed analysis was undertaken of the protective effects of these ligands, at varying concentrations, on proteolysis of @entity3776 dehydrogenase by thermolysin. This study confirmed the above conclusion and permitted calculation of @entity573 values for @entity2125 +, @entity1110 +, and @entity3776 that agree with such values determined by independent means. For @entity1110 +, two @entity573 values, 6.1 microM and 8.0 mM, can be derived, associated with protection against thermolysin by low and high @entity1110 + concentrations, respectively. The former value is in agreement with other determinations of @entity573 and the latter value appears to represent binding of @entity1110 + to a second site which causes inhibition of catalysis. A Ki value of 10.5 mM for @entity1110 + was derived from inhibition studies. The principal conclusion from these studies is that @entity2125 + binding to @entity14921 @entity3776 dehydrogenase results in a larger global conformational change of the enzyme than does @entity1110 + binding. Presumably, a substantially larger proportion of the free energy of binding of @entity2125 +, compared to @entity1110 +, is used to alter the enzyme's conformation, as reflected in a much higher @entity573 value. This may play an important role in enabling this dual @entity377 -specific dehydrogenase to accommodate either @entity2125 + or @entity1110 + at the same binding site.

title: @entity3776 dehydrogenase from XXXX : ligand-induced conformational changes.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity14921 :: ('1245', 'Species') :: ['Leuconostoc mesenteroides', 'L. mesenteroides']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose 6-phosphate', 'Glucose-6-phosphate', 'glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity14921 :: (1245,Species) :: ['Leuconostoc mesenteroides']


abstract: @entity3776 dehydrogenase from @entity14921 is inactivated by trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase E, thermolysin, 4.0 M @entity1133 , and by heating to 49 degrees C. It is protected, to varying degrees, against all these forms of inactivation by @entity3776 , @entity2125 +, and @entity1110 +. When these ligands are present at 10 times their respective @entity573 concentrations, protection by @entity2125 + or @entity3776 is substantially greater than protection by @entity1110 +. A detailed analysis was undertaken of the protective effects of these ligands, at varying concentrations, on proteolysis of @entity3776 dehydrogenase by thermolysin. This study confirmed the above conclusion and permitted calculation of @entity573 values for @entity2125 +, @entity1110 +, and @entity3776 that agree with such values determined by independent means. For @entity1110 +, two @entity573 values, 6.1 microM and 8.0 mM, can be derived, associated with protection against thermolysin by low and high @entity1110 + concentrations, respectively. The former value is in agreement with other determinations of @entity573 and the latter value appears to represent binding of @entity1110 + to a second site which causes inhibition of catalysis. A Ki value of 10.5 mM for @entity1110 + was derived from inhibition studies. The principal conclusion from these studies is that @entity2125 + binding to @entity14921 @entity3776 dehydrogenase results in a larger global conformational change of the enzyme than does @entity1110 + binding. Presumably, a substantially larger proportion of the free energy of binding of @entity2125 +, compared to @entity1110 +, is used to alter the enzyme's conformation, as reflected in a much higher @entity573 value. This may play an important role in enabling this dual @entity377 -specific dehydrogenase to accommodate either @entity2125 + or @entity1110 + at the same binding site.

title: XXXX dehydrogenase from @entity14921 : ligand-induced conformational changes.

answer: @entity3776 :: (MESH:D019298,Chemical) :: ['Glucose-6-phosphate']


abstract: A rare case of persistent primitive first cervical intersegmental artery (proatlantal artery II) is reported. A 58-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity4653 and @entity1269 . On admission he was stuporous with @entity912 and @entity1269 . CT scan on admission showed low density areas in the right cerebellar hemisphere and ventricular part of the pons. Right retrograde brachiography revealed @entity432 , aplasia of the right vertebral artery and an abnormal vessel connecting the right external carotid artery and the right vertebral artery. This anastomotic vessel was thought to be a persistent primitive first cervical intersegmental artery (Proatlantal artery II). Left carotid angiography revealed the left posterior cerebral artery was visualized through the posterior communicating artery, leading from the internal carotid artery. Left retrograde brachial angiography showed that the left vertebral artery terminated just distal from the branching of the left posterior @entity5487 . After admission the @entity1269 deteriorated gradually and tracheotomy was done due to respiratory difficulties. The @entity1 was then transferred to the rehabilitation center on his 34th day in hospital with @entity51 .

title: [Persistent primitive first cervical intersegmental artery (proatlantal artery II) with XXXX --a case report].

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion of the basilar artery']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral gaze palsy']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['occlusion of the basilar artery']


abstract: A retrospective study was made of 106 locally and regionally advanced @entity957 of the trunk and extremity treated from 1949 to 1970. Forty-six of the @entity5 had a known cause, of which radiation exposure was the most common. In addition to axillary and inguinal nodal metastases, these @entity5 also manifested intransit, epitrochlear and popliteal lymphatic metastatic disease. Surgical treatment consisted of wide monobloc resection for the majority of the primary @entity5 , amputation being necessary for @entity5 fixed to skeletal or neurovascular structures. Clinically enlarged regional lymph nodes were subjected to biopsy, but elective regional node dissection did not offer therapeutic benefit. @entity1 with biopsy proved nodal metastases were treated by either radical nodal dissection or high exarticulation, with similar results. Actuarial five year survival rates after definitive surgical treatment were 71 per cent for @entity1 with regional node-negative and 57 per cent for those with regional node-positive @entity5 . Local and regional recurrences of @entity5 were frequent in @entity1 who had deep seated @entity5 of the trunk and postsacral region, or bulky nodal disease, despite pathologically negative resection margins. Uncontrolled recurrent @entity5 with @entity295 and compromise of vital organ function was the most common cause of @entity204 . Radiation therapy achieved partial regression of the @entity5 in eight @entity1 and complete regression in one of 15 @entity1 . A critical analysis is made of the various clinicopathologic factors which affect prognosis, and the possible means of improving the results of treatment are discussed.

title: Treatment of regionally advanced XXXX of the extremity and trunk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: Pituitary surgery is the first line of treatment for @entity699 ; when surgery fails, bilateral adrenalectomy may be proposed, particularly for @entity1 with a desire for pregnancy. Little is known about the impact of pregnancy on corticotroph @entity5 progression after bilateral adrenalectomy. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the impact of pregnancy on corticotroph @entity5 progression after bilateral adrenalectomy in @entity699 and to assess maternal and pregnancy outcomes. DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study. SETTING: @entity1 who became pregnant after bilateral adrenalectomy were followed in a single center. @entity1 : Twenty pregnancies from 11 @entity1 with @entity699 were treated by bilateral adrenalectomy and no pituitary irradiation. MEASUREMENTS: Corticotroph @entity5 progression was assessed by serial pituitary magnetic resonance imaging and plasma @entity4545 measurements before, during, and after pregnancy. Comparisons were performed using paired Wilcoxon rank tests. Data on maternal and neonatal outcomes were recorded by correspondence from @entity1 and obstetricians. RESULTS: Corticotroph @entity5 progression occurred in eight of 17 pregnancies, and @entity4545 increased in eight of 10 pregnancies. However, rates of increase during or after pregnancy were not faster than those observed before pregnancy. @entity532 occurred in four pregnancies from two @entity1 , including gestational @entity101 in three and @entity6 in three. Among these four pregnancies, three had a favorable outcome, and one led to an in utero @entity204 after @entity3036 , due to loss to follow-up. No other @entity2241 were reported. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy does not accelerate corticotroph @entity5 progression after bilateral adrenalectomy. Pregnancy is manageable, provided the @entity1 can be followed closely.

title: Pregnancy does not accelerate corticotroph XXXX progression in Nelson's syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal complications']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['maternal or fetal complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A total of 38 cases of localized @entity1893 originated in the thyroid gland were treated at the Department of Radiology, Osaka University Hospital from 1967 through 1986. There were 18 males and 20 females, and age ranged from 15 to 78, averaging 58 years. Fifteen cases were classified as clinical stage I and 23 as stage II. All cases were histologically confirmed, 15 by total or partial resection and 23 by open biopsy, and diffuse histiocytic was most common (18 cases) and diffuse lymphocytic, poorly differentiated was the next (15) after Rappaport classification. Those were further classified into intermediate grade after Working Formulation in 76% of the cases. In all @entity1 local were controlled by radiotherapy by 40-50 Gy in 5 to 6 weeks. Local lesion was assessed as uncontrolled in only one @entity1 at dose of 33 Gy, who was immunoblastic in histology, and with infiltration to local skin. No local relapse occurred after treatment. The relapse outside the treatment field was seen in 9 @entity1 , all of which occurred in the abdomen. Overall 5 year survival rate and relapse-free rate were 72% and 64%, respectively. Five-year survival rate for Stages I and II were 84% and 63%, respectively (Z = 0.7445, N.S.). Five-year survival rate for @entity4 with longer diameter less than 11 cm is 83%, whereas that with more than 12 cm is 61% (z = 0.7525, N.S.).

title: [Results of the treatment of localized XXXX originated in the thyroid gland].

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['thyroidal swelling']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: The overall goal was to describe the importance of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) during development of the @entity291 embryo. An inhibitor of FGF receptor kinase activity ( @entity7795 ) was used to examine whether FGF signaling is required for embryo development. Addition of 20  M @entity7795 on Day 0 (Day of IVF) reduced (P = 0.04) the percentage of oocytes becoming blastocysts on Day 7 compared to controls (5.9    2.1 vs 16.9    2.4; average    SEM). Also, Day-8 blastocysts placed into individual culture drops of medium containing @entity7795 tended to have decreased (P = 0.08) blastomere numbers at Day 11 (211.1    27.5 vs 297.8    25.0). A second series of studies determined if supplemental @entity12270 enhances development in vitro. There was no effect of @entity12270 on cleavage or blastocyst development rates when 5 or 100 ng/mL @entity12270 was provided immediately after fertilization. Also, @entity12270 supplementation beginning on Day 5 post-fertilization did not significantly affect blastocyst rates or the number of trophoblast and inner cell mass cells. However, addition of 500 ng/mL @entity12270 at both Day 0 and Day 4 increased (P = 0.03) the percentage of oocytes that became blastocysts on Day 7 compared with controls (27.4    1.3 vs 19.7    1.3). In a final study, the thermal-protective ability of @entity12270 was examined by adding @entity12270 1 h before exposing Day 5 embryos to heat shock. Addition of @entity12270 did not significantly influence embryo thermal-tolerance. In conclusion, FGF receptor activation was important for optimal blastocyst formation and @entity12270 supplementation increased @entity291 blastocyst formation when provided at high concentrations.

title: Fibroblast growth factor requirements for in vitro development of XXXX embryos.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple isoforms of @entity4714 (Dp427, Dp260, Dp140, Dp71) are expressed differentially in the central nervous system (CNS) including the retinal layers. Disruption of these protein products is responsible for @entity73 , electroretinogram (ERG) @entity66 in @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ). We studied the ocular characteristics and neuropsychiatric profile of 16 @entity1555 @entity1 . The ISCEV standard, full-field flash ERGs were assessed. Intellectual ability and behavioural disturbances were measured. All genotypes were associated with mildly abnormal photopic ERG a:b-wave amplitude ratios. In addition, we identified the following genotype/phenotype correlations: @entity1 with mutations upstream of exon 30 (ie, isolated Dp427 altered expression) showed normal scotopic a:b ratios, abnormal photopic oscillatory potential @entity50533 and normal scotopic @entity50533 . Conversely, all @entity1 with @entity1555 mutations downstream of exon 30 showed profoundly 'negative' scotopic ERGs (a:b ratios >1). In these @entity1 , the involvement of Dp260 isoform resulted in the absence of slow rod pathway signalling in15   Hz scotopic flicker ERGs. These @entity1 had abnormal scotopic @entity50533 and normal photopic @entity50533 . Finally, @entity1 with mutations also affecting Dp71 were associated with more pronounced electronegative ERGs. When correlating ERGs to neurodevelopmental outcome, we found a positive correlation between negative scotopic ERGs and @entity245 , and the most severe findings were in @entity1 with Dp71 disruption. These findings suggest a strong association between @entity1555 mutations affecting different @entity1555 isoforms with characteristically abnormal scotopic ERGs and severe @entity245 . The role of the ERG as a potential biomarker for @entity4714 function in the CNS and response to novel genetic therapies warrants further exploration.European Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 17 June 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.135.

title: Ocular and neurodevelopmental features of @entity1555 : a signature of XXXX function in the central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Human', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities and behavioural disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disturbances', 'neurodevelopmental problems']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

answer: @entity4714 :: (1756,Gene) :: ['dystrophin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple isoforms of @entity4714 (Dp427, Dp260, Dp140, Dp71) are expressed differentially in the central nervous system (CNS) including the retinal layers. Disruption of these protein products is responsible for @entity73 , electroretinogram (ERG) @entity66 in @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ). We studied the ocular characteristics and neuropsychiatric profile of 16 @entity1555 @entity1 . The ISCEV standard, full-field flash ERGs were assessed. Intellectual ability and behavioural disturbances were measured. All genotypes were associated with mildly abnormal photopic ERG a:b-wave amplitude ratios. In addition, we identified the following genotype/phenotype correlations: @entity1 with mutations upstream of exon 30 (ie, isolated Dp427 altered expression) showed normal scotopic a:b ratios, abnormal photopic oscillatory potential @entity50533 and normal scotopic @entity50533 . Conversely, all @entity1 with @entity1555 mutations downstream of exon 30 showed profoundly 'negative' scotopic ERGs (a:b ratios >1). In these @entity1 , the involvement of Dp260 isoform resulted in the absence of slow rod pathway signalling in15   Hz scotopic flicker ERGs. These @entity1 had abnormal scotopic @entity50533 and normal photopic @entity50533 . Finally, @entity1 with mutations also affecting Dp71 were associated with more pronounced electronegative ERGs. When correlating ERGs to neurodevelopmental outcome, we found a positive correlation between negative scotopic ERGs and @entity245 , and the most severe findings were in @entity1 with Dp71 disruption. These findings suggest a strong association between @entity1555 mutations affecting different @entity1555 isoforms with characteristically abnormal scotopic ERGs and severe @entity245 . The role of the ERG as a potential biomarker for @entity4714 function in the CNS and response to novel genetic therapies warrants further exploration.European Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 17 June 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.135.

title: Ocular and neurodevelopmental features of XXXX : a signature of @entity4714 function in the central nervous system.

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: The effect of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) on the electrical activity of @entity742 cardiac Purkinje fibers was studied using standard microelectrode techniques. Most fibers showed a definite sequence of changes when exposed to @entity1617 . Initially, action potential duration (APD) increased markedly. After about 20 s, the @entity15071 ( @entity15071 ) started to become more negative and, at the same time, the rate of increase in APD slowed. Once the @entity15071 stabilized at a more negative level, the APD usually resumed its rapid increase. @entity1617 also increased the slope of diastolic depolarization and made the plateau voltage more positive. APD was increased by @entity1617 concentrations as low as 10(-7) M, and it increased with concentrations up to 10(-5) M (the highest concentration tested). @entity1617 -induced increases in APD depended on the stimulation frequency; 2-min exposures to 10(-6) M @entity1617 increased APD by 76.8 +/- 14.7% at 6 min-1 and 17.7 +/- 4.2% at 60 min-1. @entity3897 blocked all the effects of @entity1617 . @entity4033 did not prevent the @entity1617 effects. It is concluded that @entity1617 acts via muscarinic receptors. The changes in APD and @entity15071 appear to be separate events, and it is difficult to see how the former effect may be explained by known actions of @entity1617 .

title: @entity934 lengthens action potentials of XXXX cardiac Purkinje fibers.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['Hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity15071 :: ('MESH:C563897', 'Disease') :: ['maximum diastolic potential', 'MDP']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: The effect of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) on the electrical activity of @entity742 cardiac Purkinje fibers was studied using standard microelectrode techniques. Most fibers showed a definite sequence of changes when exposed to @entity1617 . Initially, action potential duration (APD) increased markedly. After about 20 s, the @entity15071 ( @entity15071 ) started to become more negative and, at the same time, the rate of increase in APD slowed. Once the @entity15071 stabilized at a more negative level, the APD usually resumed its rapid increase. @entity1617 also increased the slope of diastolic depolarization and made the plateau voltage more positive. APD was increased by @entity1617 concentrations as low as 10(-7) M, and it increased with concentrations up to 10(-5) M (the highest concentration tested). @entity1617 -induced increases in APD depended on the stimulation frequency; 2-min exposures to 10(-6) M @entity1617 increased APD by 76.8 +/- 14.7% at 6 min-1 and 17.7 +/- 4.2% at 60 min-1. @entity3897 blocked all the effects of @entity1617 . @entity4033 did not prevent the @entity1617 effects. It is concluded that @entity1617 acts via muscarinic receptors. The changes in APD and @entity15071 appear to be separate events, and it is difficult to see how the former effect may be explained by known actions of @entity1617 .

title: XXXX lengthens action potentials of @entity742 cardiac Purkinje fibers.

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['Acetylcholine']


abstract: In 21 @entity1 with @entity510 secondary to ruptured @entity438 , we performed serial neurological evaluations, transcranial Doppler examinations, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) determinations. We classified 8 @entity1 as having @entity2553 (delayed @entity16 , appropriate reduction of CBF) and 13 @entity1 as having no @entity2473 on the basis of this information. Transcranial Doppler flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery and the anterior cerebral artery were significantly elevated for the group with @entity2553 on posthemorrhage Days 4 through 12. Elevation of transcranial Doppler velocities preceded clinical signs of @entity2806 . The maximal transcranial Doppler flow velocities achieved were compared on the basis of the extent of clot on early computed tomographic (CT) scans. The mean anterior cerebral artery flow velocities were significantly different between CT Grades II and III. The initial transcranial Doppler flow velocities were compared on the basis of the @entity1 's Hunt and Hess grade upon admission. The flow velocities for Grade V @entity1 were significantly lower than those for Grade IV @entity1 . Transcranial Doppler flow velocities were compared with arteriographically observed anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery radii in 12 instances. The correlation was poor, but the data should be interpreted cautiously in view of the small number of arteriograms. We conclude that transcranial Doppler examination has considerable potential in the early diagnosis of delayed ischemic @entity51 (clinical @entity2553 ) in @entity1 with @entity510 .

title: Value of transcranial Doppler examination in the diagnosis of @entity2553 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: In 21 @entity1 with @entity510 secondary to ruptured @entity438 , we performed serial neurological evaluations, transcranial Doppler examinations, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) determinations. We classified 8 @entity1 as having @entity2553 (delayed @entity16 , appropriate reduction of CBF) and 13 @entity1 as having no @entity2473 on the basis of this information. Transcranial Doppler flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery and the anterior cerebral artery were significantly elevated for the group with @entity2553 on posthemorrhage Days 4 through 12. Elevation of transcranial Doppler velocities preceded clinical signs of @entity2806 . The maximal transcranial Doppler flow velocities achieved were compared on the basis of the extent of clot on early computed tomographic (CT) scans. The mean anterior cerebral artery flow velocities were significantly different between CT Grades II and III. The initial transcranial Doppler flow velocities were compared on the basis of the @entity1 's Hunt and Hess grade upon admission. The flow velocities for Grade V @entity1 were significantly lower than those for Grade IV @entity1 . Transcranial Doppler flow velocities were compared with arteriographically observed anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery radii in 12 instances. The correlation was poor, but the data should be interpreted cautiously in view of the small number of arteriograms. We conclude that transcranial Doppler examination has considerable potential in the early diagnosis of delayed ischemic @entity51 (clinical @entity2553 ) in @entity1 with @entity510 .

title: Value of transcranial Doppler examination in the diagnosis of XXXX after @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['cerebral vasospasm']


abstract: The intragastric instillation of a liver meal at pH 7 elicited a prompt and significant rise in gastric vein glucagon levels in anesthetized @entity235 . This was reduced by truncal vagotomy and by @entity3897 . The liver meal at pH 2 elicited significantly smaller rise in gastric vein glucagon levels that was not reduced by truncal vagotomy, but was abolished by @entity3897 . Infusion of gastrin-17 (0.1 micrograms . kg-1 . h-1) failed to increase gastric vein glucagon levels above the control group. Gastric glucagon release was significantly increased by intestinal instillation of the liver meal at pH 7. This was reduced by truncal vagotomy and @entity3897 infusion. Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) (1 microgram . kg-1 . h-1), but neither @entity10994 -octapeptide (0.5 microgram . kg-1 . h-1) nor @entity11384 (1 CU . kg-1 . h-1), elicited a significant rise in gastric vein glucagon levels. It is concluded that 1) gastric glucagon release is stimulated during the gastric and intestinal phase of a meal, 2) gastric glucagon release is stimulated by GIP, and 3) gastric glucagon release is modified by vagal and muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms, suggesting a neuroendocrine influence on its release.

title: Gastric glucagon release during gastric and intestinal phase of a meal in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity881 continues as the main cause of @entity204 after burns, @entity130 and @entity295 . This clinical syndrome represents the transition from a hypermetabolic response to injury to a setting of clinical organ failures and @entity204 . Risk factors include: perfusion deficits, persistent foci of dead or injured tissue, an uncontrolled focus of infection, the presence of the @entity649 , persistent @entity2495 , and preexisting @entity409 . Once in the @entity881 , most treatment modalities become progressively ineffective, including: ventilation, antibiotics, nutrition, and surgery. The best treatment remains prevention with rapid control of the source and restoration of @entity26 transport. The response to injury involves alterations in physiology and in the metabolism of @entity1735 , fat and @entity1522 . These changes seem to reflect the modulation of the end-organs by the mediator systems activated in response to the stress stimulus. The transition from @entity2495 to organ failure appears to reflect the clinical appearance of @entity1578 . It is currently hypothesized that this @entity1578 represents a state of regulatory dysfunction induced by the activated hepatic macrophage, the Kupffer cell. This same process may also influence metabolic failure in other organs where this cell-cell regulation can occur, e.g. kidney, lung. The activation of these macrophages is hypothesized to represent the final stage of a series of continuous stimulating events, eg. @entity519 , endotoxin, bacteria, and gut translocated toxins. The precise monokine(s) responsible are not yet completely characterized. Treatment consists of the modalities outlined above and the employment of aggressive metabolic (nutritional) support.

title: XXXX /organ failure: the role of the activated macrophage as a metabolic regulator.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolism']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ failure syndrome', 'Multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity2495 :: (MESH:C565498,Disease) :: ['Hypermetabolism']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report of a rare symptomatic, idiopathic, noncommunicating intradural @entity145 (IAC) of the proximal part of the S1 nerve root (NR). OBJECTIVE: To discuss the possible pathophysiology, clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presentation, intraoperative findings, and follow-up of IAC of the proximal part of the S1 NR. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Rare variety of the Nabors's Type 3 spinal IAC. The etiopathogenesis are uncertain. Surgical NR decompression with extirpation of the cyst is the treatment of choice. METHODS: A 37-year-old @entity1 clinically presented as monoradiculopathy with a 9-month history of progressive, posture-dependent @entity158 , @entity809 and @entity1183 in the right S1 dermatome, and mild @entity425 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a noncommunicating IAC of the proximal part of the S1 NR on the right side. Surgical exploration through the ipsilateral L5-S1 hemilaminectomy was performed with microsurgical arachnolysis of the compressed and stretched S1 NR fascicles that surrounded the cyst, during which the cyst spontaneously collapsed. The remnant of the cyst wall was extirpated and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. RESULTS: After surgery an excellent clinical outcome was archived: the leg @entity158 was no longer present and the paraesthesia, @entity1183 , and motor weakness were resolved within 3 months. At 12 months of follow-up, the @entity1 continues to be completely asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrence on MRI. CONCLUSION: A rare case of symptomatic, idiopathic, noncommunicating IAC of the proximal part of the S1 NR has been presented. Early recognition and treatment resulted in complete symptom resolution, with preservation of the full working capacity and good quality of life. @entity3491 with progressive, posture-dependent @entity158 seem to be typical clinical findings for such a lesion. Attending physicians should always be mindful of this fact in the total clinical evaluation of such cases.

title: Symptomatic idiopathic noncommunicating intradural XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['Isolated monoradiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness of the ipsilateral plantar flexors']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'radicular pain']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cyst of the S1 nerve root']


abstract: The efficacy of encircling endocardial ventriculotomy (EEV) with treatment of recurrent persistent post- @entity1188 VT has been established. The relative simplicity of the operation has enables it to be easily integrated into the surgical therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of @entity453 and its complications. Several electrophysiological studies have clearly demonstrated the origin of reentry pathways in the border zone of the @entity439 so that peroperative mapping can be dispensed with except in special cases. Sixteen @entity1 with post- @entity1188 @entity439 causing recurrent VT resistant to antiarrhythmic therapy for over 3 months were operated between January 1979 and June 1983. The average age was 51 years, range 36 to 70 years. The causal @entity583 dated from 3 months to 22 years; the site of @entity1188 was anterior in 12 cases (anteroseptal 5 cases), posterior in 3 cases and circumferential in 1 case. Surgery was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass and comprised EEV in the border zone of the @entity439 without prior mapping studies. A myocardial revascularisation procedure was associated in 10 cases (aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass) with single grafts in 4 @entity1 . Thirteen @entity1 also underwent plicature of the @entity5707 . There was one death in the immediate postoperative period due to a @entity998 (6.25%). The 15 survivors have been followed up for 1 to 45 months during which period 3 deaths occurred, on at the 2nd month due to @entity712 and 2 sudden deaths at the 5th and 22nd months. These 2 @entity1 had not had recurrences of their @entity943 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Recurrent post- XXXX ventricular tachycardias. Treatment combining circular ventriculotomy, myocardial revascularization and aneurysmal plication].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low output state']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'LV aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm to remodel the ventricular cavity']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: Among the different antigens, insects play an important role in the induction of @entity56 . We report on a 12-year-old @entity1 with family history of atopy, who developed symptoms of @entity2490 and perennial @entity565 since the age of 5. @entity1 's symptomatology increased during pollination and kept close relationship to domestic antigens. A skin and inhalation test with an extract of domestic dust was positive. An investigation about potential allergens was initiated and the @entity1 mentioned that was a significant amount of cockroaches at his home. Skin tests, RAST and bronchial provocative tests with a cockroach extract gave positive results. Bronchial provocative tests with a cockroach extract gave immediate and late responses, as has been evidenced by different authors. Immunotherapy has been successfully employed, partly due to the difficulties inherent to an efficient way of preventing insect contact. Improvement of symptomatology correlates well with blocking antibody production and the reduction in white cell sensitivity to the antigenic system. Finally, the potential relevance of @entity56 in our country be underlined. Cockroach sensitivity should be considered in every @entity1 with perennial @entity565 , in which the usual allergens have been excluded.

title: Cockroach XXXX : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['cockroach hypersensitivity', 'allergic reactions']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Due to their high X-ray attenuation, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) emerged as preclinical contrast agents by giving high vasculature contrast. For this reason, GNPs are regularly applied for computed tomography (CT) imaging of @entity5 but not for the visualization of @entity32 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and applicability of preclinical GNPs (AuroVist   ) of two different sizes (1.9 nm and 15 nm) for the detection of @entity32 -associated phagocytes in early-stage @entity4 . Both GNP variants were stable under in vitro conditions and achieved high micro-CT (mCT) contrast after embedment into agarose. Fifteen-nanometer GNPs were detected after uptake into macrophages via mCT imaging exhibiting higher X-ray contrast than cells treated with 1.9 nm GNPs and untreated ones. Both 1.9 nm and 15 nm GNPs exhibited good biocompatibility on @entity19 macrophages according to @entity855 and cellular dehydrogenase levels. Reactive @entity26 species levels produced by phagocytic cells decreased significantly (P <=0.05) after co-incubation with GNPs regardless of the size of the nanoparticle (NP) in comparison to untreated control cells. In vivo mCT studies of @entity32 imaging revealed that GNPs with a diameter of 15 nm accumulated within subcutaneous @entity4 2 hours after injection with a maximum signaling 8 hours postinjection and could be detected up to 48 hours within the @entity4 region. In contrast, 1.9 nm GNPs were not shown to accumulate at the site of the @entity32 region and were mostly excreted via the renal system 2-4 hours after injection. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that both GNP variants (1.9 nm and 15 nm) were stable and biocompatible under in vitro conditions. However, only 15 nm NPs have the potential as contrast agent for phagocyte labeling and applications in CT imaging of @entity32 on a cellular level.

title: Gold nanoparticles allow detection of early-stage XXXX in @entity19 via computed tomography imaging.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: Due to their high X-ray attenuation, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) emerged as preclinical contrast agents by giving high vasculature contrast. For this reason, GNPs are regularly applied for computed tomography (CT) imaging of @entity5 but not for the visualization of @entity32 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and applicability of preclinical GNPs (AuroVist   ) of two different sizes (1.9 nm and 15 nm) for the detection of @entity32 -associated phagocytes in early-stage @entity4 . Both GNP variants were stable under in vitro conditions and achieved high micro-CT (mCT) contrast after embedment into agarose. Fifteen-nanometer GNPs were detected after uptake into macrophages via mCT imaging exhibiting higher X-ray contrast than cells treated with 1.9 nm GNPs and untreated ones. Both 1.9 nm and 15 nm GNPs exhibited good biocompatibility on @entity19 macrophages according to @entity855 and cellular dehydrogenase levels. Reactive @entity26 species levels produced by phagocytic cells decreased significantly (P <=0.05) after co-incubation with GNPs regardless of the size of the nanoparticle (NP) in comparison to untreated control cells. In vivo mCT studies of @entity32 imaging revealed that GNPs with a diameter of 15 nm accumulated within subcutaneous @entity4 2 hours after injection with a maximum signaling 8 hours postinjection and could be detected up to 48 hours within the @entity4 region. In contrast, 1.9 nm GNPs were not shown to accumulate at the site of the @entity32 region and were mostly excreted via the renal system 2-4 hours after injection. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that both GNP variants (1.9 nm and 15 nm) were stable and biocompatible under in vitro conditions. However, only 15 nm NPs have the potential as contrast agent for phagocyte labeling and applications in CT imaging of @entity32 on a cellular level.

title: Gold nanoparticles allow detection of early-stage @entity4 in XXXX via computed tomography imaging.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Eight adult @entity1 with @entity808 of the orbit are described. Only two of the @entity1 were known to have von @entity1264 . The typical clinical history included the development of a mass in the superonasal quadrant of the orbit, which was palpable immediately beneath the skin of the lid. There was a definite tendency for the lesions to arise in, or grow along, the supraorbital nerve--including posteriorly through the superior orbital fissure to the @entity4494 , and even as far posteriorly along the trigeminal rootlets to the pons. Delays in pathologic diagnosis, which beclouded the true nature of the process, led to multiple recurrences, eventuating in five known fatalities out of the eight @entity1 . In addition to intracranial extension, pulmonary @entity3 and regional cervical @entity3 were encountered. Once recognized for their diagnostic value, the histopathologic patterns are highly distinctive: biphasic populations of spindled and epithelioid cells; sheets of epithelioid cells or clusters demarcated by delicate reticulin fibers or thicker collagenous trabeculae; malignant plexiform patterns; and neurotubular patterns. Pure spindle cell populations were encountered only in the two @entity1 with @entity1264 , and in each, either a pre-existent benign @entity3292 or a coexistent plexiform @entity3292 was found in the pathology specimens. The best management of this condition depends upon early clinical and pathological recognition, leading to radical surgery, which usually consists of orbital exenteration combined with intracranial extirpation of as much of the trigeminal nerve as possible. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy after radical surgery might also be advisable.

title: XXXX of the orbit: a clinicopathologic study of eight cases.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['Gasserian ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis", "von Recklinghausen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rate of Unscheduled Return Visits (URVs) to the Emergency Department has been considered as a key indicator for evaluating the quality of the Emergency Department care for decades. A higher rate of URVs can have a negative impact on the quality of health care. Investigations of the reasons for these returns have indicated that many of these visits can be preventable. OBJECTIVES: Given that there are no clear findings about the frequency and reasons for 72 hours URVs to the @entity662 Unit (CPU), in the present study, we investigated the causes of 72 hours URVs to our CPU in order to find out the inadequacies, and propose preventive strategies. @entity1 AND METHODS: This research was a single-center retrospective case control study in the setting of CPU of Tehran Heart Center (a 460-bed, tertiary-care teaching hospital), Tehran, Iran. The medical records of the @entity1 who were presented to our CPU with the chief complaint of @entity662 between December 28(th), 2010 and February 28(th), 2011 were reviewed. Of the 6247 eligible @entity1 , forty-nine URVs that fulfilled our criteria were identified. The control group consisted of 196 @entity1 who did not return to the Emergency Department during our study period. RESULTS: @entity1 -related factors accounted for most 72 hours URVs (49%). Multivariable analysis revealed that in our CPU, leaving Against medical advice was the most important predictor for 72 hours URVs (P value < 0.001). Additionally, male sex, history of @entity101 , first-visit disposition to observation unit and age were the other factors associated with URVs. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that the most frequent reason for our URVs was @entity1 -related factors, where all cases had left the CPU Against Medical Advice (AMA) during their first attendance, we recommend that further appropriate strategies be devised to prevent leaving against medical advice.

title: Unscheduled Return Visits and Leaving the XXXX Unit Against Medical Advice.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest Pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['Chest Pain']


abstract: In March 1978 an outbreak of @entity33842 ( @entity33842 ) occurred in Malta. The disease spread rapidly and by April 13, @entity33842 had been found on 304 premises involving 25,100 @entity1707 . A census carried out on April 15/16 showed that there were at least 1440 premises containing 70,700 @entity1707 on the island. A slaughter policy was implemented and depopulation of known infected premises started on April 15. @entity1707 which appeared normal on these premises were stored in freezers for subsequent processing for @entity1 consumption and by the end of June more than 4500 carcases were in cold store. The most consistent clinical signs were @entity221 , @entity448 and reluctance to move. @entity548 lymph nodes and petechial @entity548 in the kidneys were the predominant @entity75 . A serum survey, using the immunoelectroosmophoresis technique, was carried out on 2409 sera from 200 farms collected at the Government abattoir during a four-week period. Of these sera, 308 (12.8 per cent) from 65 (32.5 per cent) of the farms contained antibodies to @entity33842 virus. By August the original @entity1707 population had been reduced to one-third and a second census taken on August 15/16 showed that a total of 501 owners and 13,975 @entity1707 remained. The decision was taken to slaughter all the remaining @entity1707 and by the end of January 1979 there were no @entity1707 in Malta. The outbreak cost an estimated 5 million pounds and provided the first occasion when any country had slaughtered all members of a species of domestic animal in order to eliminate a disease.

title: XXXX in Malta, 1978.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Haemorrhagic', 'haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['macroscopic lesions']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity33842 :: ('MESH:D000357', 'Disease') :: ['ASF', 'African swine fever']

answer: @entity33842 :: (MESH:D000357,Disease) :: ['African swine fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Frequency of @entity1316 in @entity1 with @entity102 , especially @entity6 and its effects on life quality are dramatically increasing. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the relation between @entity308 and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity6 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a cross sectional survey. Subjects were selected from 330 eligible @entity1 referred to the only @entity6 clinic in Gorgan City during 6 months, using systematic random sampling. Beak @entity308 questionnaire and the brief questioner with 26 questions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to measure @entity308 and quality of life, respectively. Data were analyzed through descriptive methods, Chi-square, Independent t test and linear regression model using SPSS16; moreover, P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: In total, 330 @entity1 with @entity6 (35.5 % male and 64.5% @entity1 ) were studied. The mean and standard deviation of their age and years involved with @entity6 were 50.6    9.0 and 5.4    4.5 years, respectively. Range of age was 25 - 75 years, as well. The prevalence of @entity308 in all @entity1 with @entity6 was 58.2% (124 mild, 56 medium, and 12 with severe @entity308 ). @entity101 was 13.9% more in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity308 (P value < 0.001) and physical activity in 24.7% of the cases was less with a meaningful difference (P value = 0.01). The mean and standard deviation of quality of life in @entity6 @entity1 with and without @entity308 was 50.7    14 and 60.5    13.3, respectively that was significant in two groups (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity308 is high in @entity1 with @entity6 and has a considerable impact on the consequences of @entity6 and quality of life too.

title: XXXX and Quality of Life in @entity1 With Type 2 Diabetes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Frequency of @entity1316 in @entity1 with @entity102 , especially @entity6 and its effects on life quality are dramatically increasing. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the relation between @entity308 and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity6 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a cross sectional survey. Subjects were selected from 330 eligible @entity1 referred to the only @entity6 clinic in Gorgan City during 6 months, using systematic random sampling. Beak @entity308 questionnaire and the brief questioner with 26 questions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to measure @entity308 and quality of life, respectively. Data were analyzed through descriptive methods, Chi-square, Independent t test and linear regression model using SPSS16; moreover, P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: In total, 330 @entity1 with @entity6 (35.5 % male and 64.5% @entity1 ) were studied. The mean and standard deviation of their age and years involved with @entity6 were 50.6    9.0 and 5.4    4.5 years, respectively. Range of age was 25 - 75 years, as well. The prevalence of @entity308 in all @entity1 with @entity6 was 58.2% (124 mild, 56 medium, and 12 with severe @entity308 ). @entity101 was 13.9% more in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity308 (P value < 0.001) and physical activity in 24.7% of the cases was less with a meaningful difference (P value = 0.01). The mean and standard deviation of quality of life in @entity6 @entity1 with and without @entity308 was 50.7    14 and 60.5    13.3, respectively that was significant in two groups (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity308 is high in @entity1 with @entity6 and has a considerable impact on the consequences of @entity6 and quality of life too.

title: @entity308 and Quality of Life in XXXX With Type 2 Diabetes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Background and Objectives. Glycemic control is of paramount importance in the intensive care unit. Presently, several BG control algorithms have been developed for clinical trials, but they are mostly based on experts' opinion and consensus. There are no validated models predicting how @entity413 levels will change after initiating of @entity2690 infusion in critically ill @entity1 . The study aimed to develop an equation for initial @entity2690 dose setting. Methods. A large critical care database was employed for the study. Linear regression model fitting was employed. Retested blood @entity413 was used as the independent variable. @entity2690 rate was forced into the model. Multivariable fractional polynomials and interaction terms were used to explore the complex relationships among covariates. The overall fit of the model was examined by using residuals and adjusted R-squared values. Regression diagnostics were used to explore the influence of outliers on the model. Main Results. A total of 6,487 ICU admissions requiring @entity2690 pump therapy were identified. The dataset was randomly split into two subsets at 7 to 3 ratio. The initial model comprised fractional polynomials and interactions terms. However, this model was not stable by excluding several outliers. I fitted a simple linear model without interaction. The selected prediction model (Predicting @entity413 Levels in ICU, PIGnOLI) included variables of initial blood @entity413 , @entity2690 rate, PO volume, total parental nutrition, body mass index (BMI), @entity880 , @entity712 , @entity177 , @entity409 , time interval of BS recheck, dextrose rate. @entity2690 rate was significantly associated with blood @entity413 reduction (coefficient: -0.52, 95% CI [-1.03, -0.01]). The parsimonious model was well validated with the validation subset, with an adjusted R-squared value of 0.8259. Conclusion. The study developed the PIGnOLI model for the initial @entity2690 dose setting. Furthermore, experimental study is mandatory to examine whether adjustment of the @entity2690 infusion rate based on PIGnOLI will benefit @entity1 ' outcomes.

title: A mathematical model for predicting XXXX levels in critically-ill @entity1 : the PIGnOLI model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Background and Objectives. Glycemic control is of paramount importance in the intensive care unit. Presently, several BG control algorithms have been developed for clinical trials, but they are mostly based on experts' opinion and consensus. There are no validated models predicting how @entity413 levels will change after initiating of @entity2690 infusion in critically ill @entity1 . The study aimed to develop an equation for initial @entity2690 dose setting. Methods. A large critical care database was employed for the study. Linear regression model fitting was employed. Retested blood @entity413 was used as the independent variable. @entity2690 rate was forced into the model. Multivariable fractional polynomials and interaction terms were used to explore the complex relationships among covariates. The overall fit of the model was examined by using residuals and adjusted R-squared values. Regression diagnostics were used to explore the influence of outliers on the model. Main Results. A total of 6,487 ICU admissions requiring @entity2690 pump therapy were identified. The dataset was randomly split into two subsets at 7 to 3 ratio. The initial model comprised fractional polynomials and interactions terms. However, this model was not stable by excluding several outliers. I fitted a simple linear model without interaction. The selected prediction model (Predicting @entity413 Levels in ICU, PIGnOLI) included variables of initial blood @entity413 , @entity2690 rate, PO volume, total parental nutrition, body mass index (BMI), @entity880 , @entity712 , @entity177 , @entity409 , time interval of BS recheck, dextrose rate. @entity2690 rate was significantly associated with blood @entity413 reduction (coefficient: -0.52, 95% CI [-1.03, -0.01]). The parsimonious model was well validated with the validation subset, with an adjusted R-squared value of 0.8259. Conclusion. The study developed the PIGnOLI model for the initial @entity2690 dose setting. Furthermore, experimental study is mandatory to examine whether adjustment of the @entity2690 infusion rate based on PIGnOLI will benefit @entity1 ' outcomes.

title: A mathematical model for predicting @entity413 levels in critically-ill XXXX : the PIGnOLI model.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Between December 1966 and June 1982, 269 transplantations of vascularized pancreas (whole or segmental) were undertaken in 254 @entity6 @entity1 throughout the world. Most of the transplantations were performed in @entity1 with @entity454 who also received kidney grafts; a few @entity1 received pancreatic grafts only. About 25% of the pancreatic grafts are still functioning after periods of various lengths, the longest being five years. To the problem of how to handle the exocrine secretion there are two main approaches: 1) occlusion of the duct with a synthetic polymer and 2) pancreatico-enterostomy. A disadvantage of the former procedure is late @entity82 and @entity194 of the endocrine tissue. With the latter method duct leakage and @entity292 development cannot be completely prevented. In either case, @entity455 cause graft failure in about 20% of the operations. The risk of rejection of the graft seems not to differ significantly from that concerning other allogeneic organs, including the kidney and heart. Most of the @entity1 with a functioning pancreatic graft are normoglycemic: they have a normal or near-normal oral or intravenous @entity413 tolerance and an early insulin response to intravenous @entity413 tolerance and an early insulin response to intravenous @entity413 challenge. Whether the improvement of the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities observed in some @entity1 whose graft has functioned for a long time is due to the reversal of @entity177 cannot yet be determined. At present, pancreas transplantation at Huddinge Hospital is performed only in conjunction with renal transplantation in @entity1 with end-stage @entity2316 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : present status.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency or to insulin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic transplantation in diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The applicability of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) has been questioned in the assessment of @entity158 in the elderly. We compared VAS with three other @entity158 scales, Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) and @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ), in @entity173 @entity1 . METHODS: VAS, VRS, @entity2653 and @entity2653 were compared in 140 analysable @entity1 undergoing surgery, 70 with @entity173 and 70 with other lower limb @entity130 . @entity158 scores were recorded once a day, repeated after 10 min, for 4 subsequent days starting pre-operatively. The primary endpoint was the rate of @entity158 measurements in @entity173 @entity1 and 90% was chosen as a sufficient level for an applicable @entity158 scale. RESULTS: Age was different between the groups ( @entity173 78    11, other @entity130 49    11 years, P<0.0001). In @entity173 @entity1 , 67-83% of @entity158 measurements were successful with VAS, 82-100% with VRS, 83-96% with @entity2653 and 79-91% with @entity2653 . The success rate with VAS was significantly <90% on 2 days (P<0.0001) and with @entity2653 on 1 day (P=0.04). All the other success rates with the four scales in both groups were above or not different from 90%. CONCLUSION: VRS and @entity2653 were the most applicable scales, unlike VAS, which appeared to be an unreliable @entity158 scale in perioperative @entity173 @entity1 . In @entity1 with other lower limb @entity130 , all four scales provided excellent applicability. Our results are in accordance with the accumulating evidence suggesting that VAS is not an ideal tool for @entity158 measurement in the elderly.

title: Comparison of four @entity158 scales in XXXX with @entity173 or other lower limb @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['RWS', 'Box Scale', 'Red Wedge Scale', 'BS']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'successful pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The applicability of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) has been questioned in the assessment of @entity158 in the elderly. We compared VAS with three other @entity158 scales, Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) and @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ), in @entity173 @entity1 . METHODS: VAS, VRS, @entity2653 and @entity2653 were compared in 140 analysable @entity1 undergoing surgery, 70 with @entity173 and 70 with other lower limb @entity130 . @entity158 scores were recorded once a day, repeated after 10 min, for 4 subsequent days starting pre-operatively. The primary endpoint was the rate of @entity158 measurements in @entity173 @entity1 and 90% was chosen as a sufficient level for an applicable @entity158 scale. RESULTS: Age was different between the groups ( @entity173 78    11, other @entity130 49    11 years, P<0.0001). In @entity173 @entity1 , 67-83% of @entity158 measurements were successful with VAS, 82-100% with VRS, 83-96% with @entity2653 and 79-91% with @entity2653 . The success rate with VAS was significantly <90% on 2 days (P<0.0001) and with @entity2653 on 1 day (P=0.04). All the other success rates with the four scales in both groups were above or not different from 90%. CONCLUSION: VRS and @entity2653 were the most applicable scales, unlike VAS, which appeared to be an unreliable @entity158 scale in perioperative @entity173 @entity1 . In @entity1 with other lower limb @entity130 , all four scales provided excellent applicability. Our results are in accordance with the accumulating evidence suggesting that VAS is not an ideal tool for @entity158 measurement in the elderly.

title: Comparison of four @entity158 scales in @entity1 with @entity173 or other lower limb XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The applicability of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) has been questioned in the assessment of @entity158 in the elderly. We compared VAS with three other @entity158 scales, Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) and @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ), in @entity173 @entity1 . METHODS: VAS, VRS, @entity2653 and @entity2653 were compared in 140 analysable @entity1 undergoing surgery, 70 with @entity173 and 70 with other lower limb @entity130 . @entity158 scores were recorded once a day, repeated after 10 min, for 4 subsequent days starting pre-operatively. The primary endpoint was the rate of @entity158 measurements in @entity173 @entity1 and 90% was chosen as a sufficient level for an applicable @entity158 scale. RESULTS: Age was different between the groups ( @entity173 78    11, other @entity130 49    11 years, P<0.0001). In @entity173 @entity1 , 67-83% of @entity158 measurements were successful with VAS, 82-100% with VRS, 83-96% with @entity2653 and 79-91% with @entity2653 . The success rate with VAS was significantly <90% on 2 days (P<0.0001) and with @entity2653 on 1 day (P=0.04). All the other success rates with the four scales in both groups were above or not different from 90%. CONCLUSION: VRS and @entity2653 were the most applicable scales, unlike VAS, which appeared to be an unreliable @entity158 scale in perioperative @entity173 @entity1 . In @entity1 with other lower limb @entity130 , all four scales provided excellent applicability. Our results are in accordance with the accumulating evidence suggesting that VAS is not an ideal tool for @entity158 measurement in the elderly.

title: Comparison of four XXXX scales in @entity1 with @entity173 or other lower limb @entity130 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The applicability of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) has been questioned in the assessment of @entity158 in the elderly. We compared VAS with three other @entity158 scales, Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) and @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ), in @entity173 @entity1 . METHODS: VAS, VRS, @entity2653 and @entity2653 were compared in 140 analysable @entity1 undergoing surgery, 70 with @entity173 and 70 with other lower limb @entity130 . @entity158 scores were recorded once a day, repeated after 10 min, for 4 subsequent days starting pre-operatively. The primary endpoint was the rate of @entity158 measurements in @entity173 @entity1 and 90% was chosen as a sufficient level for an applicable @entity158 scale. RESULTS: Age was different between the groups ( @entity173 78    11, other @entity130 49    11 years, P<0.0001). In @entity173 @entity1 , 67-83% of @entity158 measurements were successful with VAS, 82-100% with VRS, 83-96% with @entity2653 and 79-91% with @entity2653 . The success rate with VAS was significantly <90% on 2 days (P<0.0001) and with @entity2653 on 1 day (P=0.04). All the other success rates with the four scales in both groups were above or not different from 90%. CONCLUSION: VRS and @entity2653 were the most applicable scales, unlike VAS, which appeared to be an unreliable @entity158 scale in perioperative @entity173 @entity1 . In @entity1 with other lower limb @entity130 , all four scales provided excellent applicability. Our results are in accordance with the accumulating evidence suggesting that VAS is not an ideal tool for @entity158 measurement in the elderly.

title: Comparison of four @entity158 scales in @entity1 with XXXX or other lower limb @entity130 .

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Control and elimination of @entity311 still represents a major public health challenge. Emerging parasite resistance to current therapies urges development of antimalarials with novel mechanism of action. Phospholipid biosynthesis of the @entity3964 parasite has been validated as promising candidate antimalarial target. The most prevalent de novo pathway for synthesis of @entity2434 is the Kennedy pathway. Its regulatory and often also rate limiting step is catalyzed by @entity93 : @entity2945 cytidylyltransferase (CCT). The CHO-MT58 cell line expresses a mutant variant of CCT, and displays a thermo-sensitive phenotype. At non-permissive temperature (40  C), the endogenous CCT activity decreases dramatically, blocking membrane synthesis and ultimately leading to apoptosis. In the present study we investigated the impact of the analogous mutation in a catalytic domain construct of @entity3964 CCT in order to explore the underlying molecular mechanism that explains this phenotype. We used temperature dependent enzyme activity measurements and modeling to investigate the functionality of the mutant enzyme. Furthermore, MS measurements were performed to determine the oligomerization state of the protein, and @entity601 simulations to assess the inter-subunit interactions in the dimer. Our results demonstrate that the @entity73130 mutation does not directly influence enzyme catalytic activity. Instead, it provokes @entity101 by destabilizing the CCT dimer. This can possibly explain the significance of the PfCCT pseudoheterodimer organization in ensuring proper enzymatic function. This also provide an explanation for the observed thermo-sensitive phenotype of CHO-MT58 cell line.

title: Molecular Mechanism for the Thermo-Sensitive Phenotype of CHO-MT58 Cell Line Harbouring a Mutant @entity93 : XXXX Cytidylyltransferase.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased heat-sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum', 'Plasmodium']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocholine']

answer: @entity2945 :: (MESH:D010767,Chemical) :: ['Phosphocholine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Control and elimination of @entity311 still represents a major public health challenge. Emerging parasite resistance to current therapies urges development of antimalarials with novel mechanism of action. Phospholipid biosynthesis of the @entity3964 parasite has been validated as promising candidate antimalarial target. The most prevalent de novo pathway for synthesis of @entity2434 is the Kennedy pathway. Its regulatory and often also rate limiting step is catalyzed by @entity93 : @entity2945 cytidylyltransferase (CCT). The CHO-MT58 cell line expresses a mutant variant of CCT, and displays a thermo-sensitive phenotype. At non-permissive temperature (40  C), the endogenous CCT activity decreases dramatically, blocking membrane synthesis and ultimately leading to apoptosis. In the present study we investigated the impact of the analogous mutation in a catalytic domain construct of @entity3964 CCT in order to explore the underlying molecular mechanism that explains this phenotype. We used temperature dependent enzyme activity measurements and modeling to investigate the functionality of the mutant enzyme. Furthermore, MS measurements were performed to determine the oligomerization state of the protein, and @entity601 simulations to assess the inter-subunit interactions in the dimer. Our results demonstrate that the @entity73130 mutation does not directly influence enzyme catalytic activity. Instead, it provokes @entity101 by destabilizing the CCT dimer. This can possibly explain the significance of the PfCCT pseudoheterodimer organization in ensuring proper enzymatic function. This also provide an explanation for the observed thermo-sensitive phenotype of CHO-MT58 cell line.

title: Molecular Mechanism for the Thermo-Sensitive Phenotype of CHO-MT58 Cell Line Harbouring a Mutant XXXX : @entity2945 Cytidylyltransferase.

answer: @entity93 :: (MESH:D003570,Chemical) :: ['CTP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The morbidity and mortality caused by @entity4760 ( @entity4760 ) are still significant. Conservative treatment of @entity4760 is often ineffective. Treatment modalities using stem cells directly into the @entity4760 or systematically have been introduced recently. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been proved to be a cheap, simple, and safe method which can augment stem cells number in the peripheral blood circulation. This study's purpose was to test whether IPC can improve @entity4760 healing. Forty @entity6 @entity1 were enrolled and divided into study and control groups. All @entity1 received their regular treatment. The study group @entity1 received in addition brief, transient cycles of IPC while the control group @entity1 received a sham procedure only. The procedure was repeated every 2 weeks to complete a follow-up period of 6 weeks. The @entity1066 were photographed to measure wound area, and the degree of granulation tissue was assessed. No serious adverse events were noted. Twenty-two @entity1 from the study group and 12 from the control group completed the entire follow-up. The ratio of @entity1 who reached complete healing of their ulcer was 9/22 (41%) in the study group compared with 0/12 (0%) in the control group, p   =   0.01. Furthermore, the mean remaining ulcer area at the end of the follow-up was significantly smaller in the study group, 25        6% of the initial area vs. 61        10% in the control group, p   =   0.007. The degree of granulation increased after one cycle of treatment in 8/24 (33%) study @entity1 compared to 3/16 (19%) in the control group, p   =   0.47. Remote, repeated IPC significantly improves the healing of @entity4760 . This simple, safe, inexpensive treatment method should be considered to be routinely applied to @entity6 @entity1 with @entity4760 in addition to other regular treatment modalities.

title: Intermittent cycles of remote ischemic preconditioning augment XXXX healing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcer', 'DFU']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to review the published data regarding the management of polymorphous low-grade @entity420 ( @entity7050 ) and present our experience in the treatment of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity7050 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a review of the published data of the treatment possibilities for @entity7050 , and report on a case series of 4 @entity1 diagnosed with palatal @entity7050 . RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 61.75 years. All cases were localized on the hard palate. The male/female ratio was 1:3. One @entity1 had an ulcerative painful lump. In correlation with the published data, most of our @entity1 presented initially with a diagnosis that was not conclusive for the presence of @entity7050 . The most common initial diagnostic findings were @entity2347 and @entity5123 . The treatment of choice was surgical excision of the @entity5 with safe margins of 1.5 cm. One @entity1 had a positive cervical lymph node @entity3 and underwent an elective neck dissection followed by radiotherapy. Local recurrence was diagnosed in 1 @entity1 6 years after the surgical management. Most cases were reconstructed using an obturator, except for 1 @entity1 who underwent reconstruction using the temporalis myofascial flap. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7050 is a slow-growing, distinct, uncommon @entity5 of the minor salivary glands. Because it is characterized by a diverse morphologic pattern that resembles @entity2347 or @entity5123 , the initial diagnosis is usually inconclusive. Until a final diagnosis has been made, we believe that the reconstruction possibilities should be mainly obturators to allow a good visualization of the surgical site. The use of microvascular free flaps or rotational flaps should be reserved to @entity1 with clearer pathologic diagnosis.

title: Polymorphous low grade XXXX : case series and review of surgical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Danish Cancer Registry (DCR) is the oldest nationwide population-based @entity5 registry in the Nordic countries. At the time of the study the DCR recorded date of diagnosis, @entity5 stage and initial treatment. The validity of the clinical information reported to the DCR has never been analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 from 1 May to 31 December 1997 and living in eight Danish counties were identified through the DCR. Clinical data was retrieved from hospital records where date of diagnosis, stage at diagnosis and treatment received were registered. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 74.6 years (s.d. 8.6 years). Diagnosis was verified histologically for 87% of cases. Overall 95% of the @entity1 had a difference less than three months between the reported date of diagnosis and the date found in hospital records. Correction of dates of diagnosis had no impact on survival. Hospital records identified 86 @entity1 with T1-2 disease without distant metastases (M0), but only 56 of these @entity1 (65%) were reported to the DCR as having localized disease. According to hospital records a total of 242 @entity1 were confirmed having distant metastases (M1) at diagnosis but only 139 of these cases (57%) were reported to the DCR as such. Considerable "over reporting" of curative treatment was observed. CONCLUSION: The DCR has been shown to be reliable in terms of new cases being reported. For the majority of cases there were insignificant differences concerning the date of diagnosis. However, the DCR information on stage and treatment was found to be inaccurate. Since 2004 the DCR registration process, including staging according to the TNM classification, has been carried out electronically from several registers. Future comparison between cohorts of different time intervals or international comparison should be interpreted with caution when clinical information is included.

title: Quality assessment of XXXX reports to the Danish Cancer Registry.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The supraclavicular ultrasound (US)-guided cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein ( @entity21168 ) is one option of central venous line placement in @entity1 . AIM: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate whether there was an association between the optimum ultrasonographic view as obtained of the entire longitudinal extension of the right @entity21168 and the ease of supraclavicular cannulation when using a strict in-plane technique via a linear US probe in small @entity1 . METHODS: The US probe was placed in the right supraclavicular region. If the optimum obtainable sonographic view presented the entire longitudinal extension of the right @entity21168 demonstrating clearly its path caudally alongside the pleura, it was graded as I. If, however, only a circular view, i.e., the initial part of the right @entity21168 was obtainable via US, it was graded as II. The right @entity21168 was cannulated by advancing a 22-gauge i.v. cannula from lateral to medial strictly under the long axis of the US probe under direct US vision into the vein. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity1 weighing between 0.8 and 4.5  kg (Median: 3.4      0.09) were included. In 50 (63.3%) @entity1 , the sonographic view was graded as I and in 29 (36.7%) as II. The proportion of @entity1 successfully cannulated on the first attempt was significantly smaller in @entity1 graded as II, i.e., circular, sonographic view of the right @entity21168 than in @entity1 graded as I, i.e., sonographic view of the entire longitudinal extension of the right @entity21168 (41% vs 90%; chi-square analysis: P  <  0.01). CONCLUSION: The sonographic view obtainable of the entire longitudinal extension of the right @entity21168 resulted in significantly fewer required cannulation attempts.

title: Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular cannulation of the right brachiocephalic vein in small XXXX : a consecutive, prospective case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The goal of this study was to propose a new functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm using a language-free adaptation of a 2-back working memory task to avoid cultural and educational bias. We additionally provide an index of the validity of the proposed paradigm and test whether the experimental task discriminates the behavioural performances of healthy @entity1 from those of individuals with working @entity2414 . Ten healthy @entity1 and nine @entity1 presenting working @entity2414 due to @entity1545 ( @entity1545 ) performed the developed task. To inspect whether the paradigm activates brain areas typically involved in @entity227 ( @entity227 ), brain activation of the healthy @entity1 was assessed with fMRIs. To examine the task's capacity to discriminate behavioural data, performances of the healthy @entity1 in the task were compared with those of @entity1545 @entity1 . Data were analysed with GLM-based random effects procedures and t-tests. We found an increase of the BOLD signal in the specialized areas of @entity227 . Concerning behavioural performances, healthy @entity1 showed the predicted pattern of more hits, less omissions and a tendency for fewer @entity2849 , more self-corrected responses, and faster reaction times, when compared with subjects presenting @entity73 . The results suggest that this task activates brain areas involved in @entity227 and discriminates behavioural performances of clinical and non-clinical groups. It can thus be used as a research methodology for behavioural and neuroimaging studies of @entity227 in block-design paradigms.

title: Study of behavioural and neural bases of XXXX with an fMRI paradigm based on an n-back task.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['ABI', 'acquired brain injury']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VWM', 'visual working memory']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['WM impairments']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits', 'memory (WM) deficits']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['false alarms']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['visuo-spatial working memory']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The treatment of @entity286 addiction in Brazil has expanded in recent years; however, we must increase knowledge about the characteristics of individuals who adhere to cessation programs in order to adjust treatments to specific characteristics of the target population that favor success. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of smokers who present to Brazilian public health units seeking help to quit smoking based on the experience of a primary health care unit that covers a poor community in the city of Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: Data were collected at a Teaching Health Center from January 03 2012 to January 03 2014. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 49.32  11.82 years, and 71% were @entity1 . About half of the @entity1 successfully quit smoking (n=125, 51%). Higher levels of @entity1239 @entity734 were associated with lower levels of smoking cessation. There was a notable decrease in the probability of remaining smoking throughout the first month of treatment. After 3 weeks of treatment, only 19% had not quit smoking. The probability of quitting smoking decreases by 2% for every additional year of age. CONCLUSION: There is a need to revise and expand current strategies to make them more effective in preventing smoking since childhood.

title: Profile of Brazilian smokers in the National Program for XXXX Control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Postoperative @entity1897 are well-recognised complications of both surgery and anaesthesia and a leading cause of litigation claims. We present a rare cause of compressive sensory and motor neuropraxia of the median, ulnar and radial nerves of the right hand resulting from a wristwatch that was worn on the first postoperative night following minor surgery. Mechanisms of this compressive @entity16 are discussed, with specific recommendations made regarding the wearing of wristwatches, jewellery and constrictive clothing in the immediate postoperative period. CASE PRESENTATION: A 12-year-old white @entity1 presented with a complete glove and stocking sensory and motor @entity16 involving his right hand from a wristwatch that was worn on the first postoperative night following uneventful surgery for a minor procedure. Over the following 12 hours the @entity4 and @entity5105 resolved with complete return of motor function. After 18 hours, the @entity51 completely resolved. CONCLUSIONS: @entity86 is often preventable. Paediatric @entity1 , especially if thin, may be particularly susceptible to a @entity7577 from constrictive clothing or jewellery, in particular circumferential varieties such as wristwatches. These items should not be worn in the immediate postoperative period as pressure on peripheral nerves can result in severe and @entity128 . Education should be given to all medical staff, carers or parents of @entity1 undergoing surgery on the avoidance of wearing wristwatches, jewellery or constrictive clothing in the immediate postoperative period. Early medical evaluation of any @entity86 is of paramount importance.

title: Postoperative wristwatch-induced compressive XXXX of the hand: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['debilitating nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensory deficit']

entities_list: @entity7577 :: ('MESH:C536965', 'Disease') :: ['compression neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative neuropraxia', 'postoperative nerve injury']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the interaction of types and numbers of antecedent nonbladder syndromes (NBSs) to seek clues to the pathogenesis of @entity2335 / @entity2336 ( @entity2337 /PBS). Numerous case series have shown @entity2337 /PBS to be associated with several syndromes that do not include @entity1494 . In a previously reported case-control study, we confirmed these findings and found that such nonbladder syndromes often preceded the onset of @entity2337 /PBS. METHODS: Incident female @entity2337 /PBS cases (n = 312) and matched controls were compared for 11 antecedent NBSs. The odds ratios (ORs) for @entity2337 /PBS according to the number of antecedent NBSs per @entity1 were calculated. From this model, each @entity6575 was serially removed, and the calculations for the ORs were repeated using the remaining 10 NBSs. We assessed the types of NBSs included in each subgroup formed by the number of NBSs. RESULTS: The ORs for @entity2337 /PBS increased with the increasing number of antecedent NBSs. The types of NBSs were interchangeable in calculating these ORs. The distribution of the types of NBSs was skewed, with @entity566 overrepresented in those with few NBSs, and the classic functional somatic syndromes of @entity239 , @entity5815 , and @entity1744 overrepresented in those with many NBSs. CONCLUSIONS: Two main hypotheses were generated. One was that the incidence of a @entity6575 initiated a process that contributed to the emergence of other NBSs and @entity2337 /PBS. The second was that each @entity6575 and @entity2337 /PBS was a manifestation of a common, shared pathogenesis. It is likely that a well-designed prospective study will be necessary to distinguish between these 2 hypotheses.

title: Numbers and types of nonbladder syndromes as risk factors for XXXX / @entity2336 .

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['painful bladder syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['interstitial cystitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the interaction of types and numbers of antecedent nonbladder syndromes (NBSs) to seek clues to the pathogenesis of @entity2335 / @entity2336 ( @entity2337 /PBS). Numerous case series have shown @entity2337 /PBS to be associated with several syndromes that do not include @entity1494 . In a previously reported case-control study, we confirmed these findings and found that such nonbladder syndromes often preceded the onset of @entity2337 /PBS. METHODS: Incident female @entity2337 /PBS cases (n = 312) and matched controls were compared for 11 antecedent NBSs. The odds ratios (ORs) for @entity2337 /PBS according to the number of antecedent NBSs per @entity1 were calculated. From this model, each @entity6575 was serially removed, and the calculations for the ORs were repeated using the remaining 10 NBSs. We assessed the types of NBSs included in each subgroup formed by the number of NBSs. RESULTS: The ORs for @entity2337 /PBS increased with the increasing number of antecedent NBSs. The types of NBSs were interchangeable in calculating these ORs. The distribution of the types of NBSs was skewed, with @entity566 overrepresented in those with few NBSs, and the classic functional somatic syndromes of @entity239 , @entity5815 , and @entity1744 overrepresented in those with many NBSs. CONCLUSIONS: Two main hypotheses were generated. One was that the incidence of a @entity6575 initiated a process that contributed to the emergence of other NBSs and @entity2337 /PBS. The second was that each @entity6575 and @entity2337 /PBS was a manifestation of a common, shared pathogenesis. It is likely that a well-designed prospective study will be necessary to distinguish between these 2 hypotheses.

title: Numbers and types of nonbladder syndromes as risk factors for @entity2335 / XXXX .

answer: @entity2336 :: (MESH:D018856,Disease) :: ['painful bladder syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine gender and race variations in regards to the influence of religious involvement (RI) as a moderator of the effects of early traumatic stress (ETS) on health-related quality of life among adult survivors of @entity1 abuse. DESIGN: A cross-sectional predictive design was used to study Seventh-day Adventist adults in North America (N = 10,283). METHODS: A secondary analysis of data collected via questionnaires was done using multiple regression. RESULTS: Data revealed that @entity1 had a significantly higher prevalence of any or all ETS subtypes, except for physical abuse prevalence, which was the same for both genders. Blacks reported a significantly higher prevalence of at least one ETS subtype than did Whites, except for neglect, where Whites had a higher prevalence. Exposure to at least one ETS subtype was associated with worse negative effect on mental health (B = -2.08, p < .0001 vs. B = -1.54, p < .0001) and physical health (B = -2.01, p < .0001 vs. B = -1.11, p < .0001) for @entity1 compared to @entity1 . Among those exposed to all ETS subtypes (n = 447), Whites had significant worse physical health, with White @entity1 having almost two times the negative effect on physical health (B = -4.50, p < .0001) than White @entity1 (B = -2.87, p < .05). As for RI moderation, based on tests of three-way interactions of race-RI-ETS, there were no associated differences. However, tests of three-way interactions of gender-RI-ETS showed a significant buffering effect. Among those with high levels of negative religious coping (RC), @entity1 exposed to ETS had significantly worse physical health (B = -1.28) than @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Results give evidence of gender and racial differences on the magnitude of the ETS-health effect, as well as gender differences in ETS-health buffering by RC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggest gender and racial differences must be considered when devising holistic nursing interventions for improving health outcomes of early @entity130 survivors.

title: Gender and Race Variations in the Intersection of Religious Involvement, Early XXXX , and Adult Health.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']