abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity267 is the initial refractive interface of the eye. Its transparency is critical for clear vision and is maintained by stem cells which also act to repair injury inflicted by external insults such as @entity22939 . Damage to the epithelium compromises its clarity and can reduce or eliminate the stem cell population, diminishing the ability for self-repair. This condition has been termed "limbal stem cell deficiency"; severe cases can lead to @entity1939 . Sphere-forming cells isolated from peripheral @entity267 are a potential source of stem and progenitor cells for corneal repair. When provided with appropriate substrate, these spheres have the ability to adhere and for cells to migrate outwards akin to that of their natural environment. @entity2850 and remote @entity130 experiments were conducted on the sphere cells to gauge their wound healing capacity. Measures of proliferation, differentiation and migration were assessed by immunohistochemical detection of EdU incorporation, a-smooth muscle actin expression and confocal image analysis respectively. Both modes of injury were observed to draw responses from the spheres indicating wound healing processes. Direct wounding induced a rapid, but transient increase in expression of @entity1970 , a marker of corneal myofibroblasts, followed by a proliferative and increasing migratory response. The spheres were observed to respond to remote injury as entire units, with no directional response seen for targeted repair over the @entity130 area. These results give strength to the future use of these peripheral corneal spheres as transplantable units for the regeneration of corneal tissue.

title: Sphere-forming cells from peripheral XXXX demonstrate a wound-healing response to injury.

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['Direct compression injury']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['corneal blindness']

entities_list: @entity22939 :: ('MESH:D002057', 'Disease') :: ['chemical and thermal burns']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['scratch injury']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mid-term results of valve-sparing aortic root reimplantation (VSRR) for various indications were investigated. METHODS: From 2000 to 2013, 183 consecutive @entity1 undergoing VSRR were enrolled. Expanded indications, defined as a @entity1 on the marginal operative indication, included age 65 years or older (n  = 33), age 15 years or younger (n  = 4), acute @entity1580 (AAAD) (n  = 21), @entity3665 (n  = 8), reoperative root replacement (n  = 11), cusp prolapse (n  = 67), large aortoventricular junction of greater than 28 mm (AVJ) (n  = 42), preoperative severe @entity337 ( @entity337 ) (n  = 89), left ventricular ejection fraction 0.40 or less (n  = 12), @entity384 (n  = 66), New York Heart Association class III or greater (n  = 5), need for total arch replacement (n  = 29), and concomitant mitral valve repair (n  = 12). RESULTS: The overall survival at 5 years was 96.6%. Freedom from greater than mild @entity337 and reoperation at 5 years was 85.8% and 92.9%, respectively. Cox proportional hazard model revealed that AAAD, cusp prolapse, AVJ 28 mm or greater, and operation before 2009 were at risk for late @entity337 recurrence (p  = 0.015, p  = 0.0041, p  = 0.032, and p  = 0.014, respectively). After 2009, freedom from late @entity337 in the cusp prolapse group improved (p  = 0.055, versus control). Both freedom from recurrent @entity337 and reoperation were worse as the number of expanded indications increased (log-rank trend p = 0.00017 and p  = 0.00067, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical outcomes of VSRR in these @entity1 cohorts were satisfactory with some room for improvement in @entity1 with cusp prolapse. Although the indications for VSRR are being expanded, a larger number of expanded indications were associated with poor outcomes in terms of longevity of valve function.

title: Mid-Term Results of Valve-Sparing Aortic Root Replacement in XXXX With Expanded Indications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore whether @entity231 surgery contributes to the progression of wet age-related @entity1020 (wet @entity13785 ). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Retrospective review was performed of consecutive @entity1 with wet @entity13785 who underwent @entity231 surgery at the midpoint of a 1-year study window. A control arm included wet @entity13785 eyes treated with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) injections that did not undergo @entity231 surgery for a 1-year period. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number of anti- @entity7 injections, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features were compared between the 2 arms. RESULTS: Forty eyes in the surgical group and 42 in the nonsurgical group were included. BCVA was equivalent in the first half of the study, and became significantly better in the surgical group vs the nonsurgical group (0.23    0.65 vs 0.11    0.59 logMAR improvement, P  = .049). There was no change in the number of injections given 6  months before vs after the midpoint in the surgical group (P  = .921). The mean OCT central @entity2479 compared to nonsurgical eyes (265.4    98.4   m vs 216.4    58.3   m, P  = .011). @entity735 were more likely to develop new or worse cystoid changes after the study midpoint (13 surgical eyes [54.2%] vs 9 nonsurgical eyes [28.1%], P  = .048). CONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgery leads to vision improvement and does not appear to contribute to worsening of wet @entity13785 . However, anatomic changes based on OCT analysis suggest a subclinical susceptibility to @entity86 macular @entity4 or exacerbation of @entity1940 .

title: The effects of @entity231 surgery on @entity1 with wet XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'anti-vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal thickness became greater in postsurgical eyes']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical eyes']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative cystoid']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore whether @entity231 surgery contributes to the progression of wet age-related @entity1020 (wet @entity13785 ). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Retrospective review was performed of consecutive @entity1 with wet @entity13785 who underwent @entity231 surgery at the midpoint of a 1-year study window. A control arm included wet @entity13785 eyes treated with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) injections that did not undergo @entity231 surgery for a 1-year period. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number of anti- @entity7 injections, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features were compared between the 2 arms. RESULTS: Forty eyes in the surgical group and 42 in the nonsurgical group were included. BCVA was equivalent in the first half of the study, and became significantly better in the surgical group vs the nonsurgical group (0.23    0.65 vs 0.11    0.59 logMAR improvement, P  = .049). There was no change in the number of injections given 6  months before vs after the midpoint in the surgical group (P  = .921). The mean OCT central @entity2479 compared to nonsurgical eyes (265.4    98.4   m vs 216.4    58.3   m, P  = .011). @entity735 were more likely to develop new or worse cystoid changes after the study midpoint (13 surgical eyes [54.2%] vs 9 nonsurgical eyes [28.1%], P  = .048). CONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgery leads to vision improvement and does not appear to contribute to worsening of wet @entity13785 . However, anatomic changes based on OCT analysis suggest a subclinical susceptibility to @entity86 macular @entity4 or exacerbation of @entity1940 .

title: The effects of XXXX surgery on @entity1 with wet @entity1020 .

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore whether @entity231 surgery contributes to the progression of wet age-related @entity1020 (wet @entity13785 ). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Retrospective review was performed of consecutive @entity1 with wet @entity13785 who underwent @entity231 surgery at the midpoint of a 1-year study window. A control arm included wet @entity13785 eyes treated with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) injections that did not undergo @entity231 surgery for a 1-year period. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number of anti- @entity7 injections, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features were compared between the 2 arms. RESULTS: Forty eyes in the surgical group and 42 in the nonsurgical group were included. BCVA was equivalent in the first half of the study, and became significantly better in the surgical group vs the nonsurgical group (0.23    0.65 vs 0.11    0.59 logMAR improvement, P  = .049). There was no change in the number of injections given 6  months before vs after the midpoint in the surgical group (P  = .921). The mean OCT central @entity2479 compared to nonsurgical eyes (265.4    98.4   m vs 216.4    58.3   m, P  = .011). @entity735 were more likely to develop new or worse cystoid changes after the study midpoint (13 surgical eyes [54.2%] vs 9 nonsurgical eyes [28.1%], P  = .048). CONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgery leads to vision improvement and does not appear to contribute to worsening of wet @entity13785 . However, anatomic changes based on OCT analysis suggest a subclinical susceptibility to @entity86 macular @entity4 or exacerbation of @entity1940 .

title: The effects of @entity231 surgery on XXXX with wet @entity1020 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes and survival after gastrectomy in octogenarians and identify the optimal treatment for these @entity1 . METHODS: The medical records of 1262 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent gastrectomy from January 2003 to December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. @entity1 were divided into two age groups: octogenarians (>= 80  y, n  =  75) and nonoctogenarians (<80  y, n  =  1187). The @entity1 ' clinicopathologic data, surgical outcomes, and survival were evaluated. RESULTS: Octogenarians exhibited a higher proportion of female @entity1 , poorer performance scale scores, higher comorbidities, and more advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stages than did nonoctogenarians. There was no difference in the surgical curability between the two groups, although octogenarians were more likely to have higher postoperative morbidity and mortality than those of nonoctogenarians. In an analysis of risk factors affecting survival after gastrectomy for octogenarians, only advanced @entity5 stage was an independent prognostic factor. Overall survival was significantly lower in octogenarians than in nonoctogenarians, whereas disease-specific survival was comparable between the two groups. There was no difference in the disease-specific survival for each stage of @entity5 after adjustment for @entity5 stage. CONCLUSIONS: Octogenarians had higher postoperative morbidity and mortality rates but comparable @entity5 -specific survival compared with nonoctogenarians. Only an advanced @entity5 stage influenced the prognosis of octogenarians. Early detection and thorough postoperative care would improve the overall survival for octogenarians with @entity356 .

title: Surgical outcomes and survival after gastrectomy in octogenarians with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-node-metastasis', 'tumor', 'TNM', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: In the present experiments three different motion discrimination tasks were studied using a random dot pattern as stimulus: velocity discrimination, direction discrimination and discrimination of opposite directions. The analysis of the motion of random dot patterns is based on motion sensitive mechanisms without the confounding interference of position sensitive mechanisms (Nakayama and Tyler, 1981). Furthermore, since isotropic random dot patterns contain no dominant orientation, a change in the direction of motion does not parallel a change in orientation. Hence the use of a random dot pattern as stimulus allows velocity and direction discrimination to be compared. @entity1 velocity discrimination displays a U-shaped dependence on the stimulus velocity: the JNDs, expressed as Weber-fractions, are minimal for velocities ranging from 4 to 64 deg. @entity8639 . The Weber-fractions in velocity, determined with a staircase procedure tracking a 84% correct response level, were about 7% at the optimal speeds. The velocity discrimination curve obtained with the random dot pattern is similar to that obtained with light bars. @entity1 direction discrimination, defined as the smallest difference in direction which can be resolved, also displays a U-shaped dependence on the stimulus velocity. Direction discrimination thresholds decrease up to a velocity of 4 deg. @entity8639 , they then stay at a constant level up to 128 deg. @entity8639 . Beyond this velocity the thresholds increase again. The mean direction discrimination threshold was 1.8 deg at optimal speeds. Discrimination of opposite directions, determined for the same conditions as those for which velocity and direction discrimination thresholds were determined, was better than the 90% response level at all speeds. However at low contrast, opposite directions are reliably discriminated only at intermediate speeds. Perceiving a coherent moving random dot pattern is supposed to be based on a cooperation between a large number of local motion detectors. In order to evaluate the importance of detector output pooling, the influence of the size of the pattern and of the presentation time on the three discrimination tasks was measured. The results indicate that the pooling requirements are task dependent. A somewhat larger pooling is required for velocity discrimination than for direction discrimination, whereas for discrimination of opposite directions only a few local motion detectors are involved.

title: XXXX velocity and direction discrimination measured with random dot patterns.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity1 monocyte-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity10663 ) was purified to homogeneity from the U937 cell line and partially sequenced. Oligonucleotide probes derived from this sequence were used to screen a cDNA library prepared from U937 cells. One positive clone was sequenced and contained most of the coding sequence as well as a long incomplete 3' untranslated region (1112 base pairs). This cDNA sequence was shown to encode @entity10663 by hybrid-select translation. A cDNA clone encoding the remainder of the @entity10663 mRNA was obtained by primer extension of U937 poly(A)+ RNA using a probe complementary to the @entity10663 coding region. The coding sequence for @entity10663 was placed under the control of the lambda PL promoter, and the protein expressed in @entity526 formed a complex with urokinase that could be detected immunologically. By @entity377 sequence analysis, @entity10663 cDNA encodes a protein containing 415 @entity1522 with a predicted unglycosylated Mr of 46,543. The predicted amino acid sequence of @entity10663 is very similar to placental @entity10933 (3 @entity535 differences) and shows extensive homology with members of the @entity563 protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. @entity10663 was found to be more homologous to ovalbumin (37%) than the endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor, @entity2289 (26%). Like ovalbumin, @entity10663 appears to have no typical @entity1472 -terminal signal sequence. The 3' untranslated region of the @entity10663 cDNA contains a putative regulatory sequence that has been associated with the inflammatory mediators.

title: Cloning and expression of a cDNA coding for a XXXX monocyte-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Epidural spinal cord electrical stimulation (ESES) was performed on 10 @entity1 with severe @entity63 due to @entity731 . Microcirculatory parameters were assessed before and after ESES. Bright field microscopy was used to assess capillary diameters and red blood cell (RBC) velocity in the dorsum of the foot. @entity941 microscopy was used with intravenously injected @entity941 to study capillary density and @entity941 appearance time in the dorsum of the toe. The systolic ankle/arm pressure ratio and toe pressure measurements were used as macrocirculatory parameters. After ESES, clinical improvement was confirmed by intravital microscopy. Capillary density increased (p less than 0.001), RBC velocity in capillaries already perfused before ESES increased from 0.054 mm/sec to 0.762 mm/sec (p less than 0.001), and @entity941 appearance time decreased from 72 to 45 seconds (p less than 0.001). Capillary diameter did not change significantly so that the increase in RBC velocity may be interpreted as enhanced volume flow. Systolic ankle/arm pressure ratios and digital arterial pressure did not change significantly. The current results show that in @entity1 with @entity432 of the lower limbs, ESES recruits capillaries not perfused in the control situation and enhances skin blood flow, improvements that may explain the beneficial clinical effects of ESES.

title: Epidural spinal cord electrical stimulation improves microvascular blood flow in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluorescein', 'Fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['severe occlusive arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['limb ischemia']


abstract: 1. The sensitivity of mesenteric resistance arterioles to [ @entity369 ]vasopressin ( @entity1831 ) was investigated in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and control @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). No difference in pAVP (-log dose of @entity1831 producing 50% of the maximum response) was observed [SHR 0.21 +/- 0.03 m-units/ml (n = 10) vs WKY 0.15 +/- 0.06 m-units/ml (n = 9)], although SHR vessels exhibited greater absolute tension development. 2. Both strains of @entity35 displayed tachyphylaxis to repeated stimulation with @entity1831 , and oscillatory tension changes were observed in all vessels from SHR and rarely in WKY vessels at activating concentrations of @entity1831 . 3. @entity1831 did not elicit a contractile response after @entity1063 -induced @entity460 depletion. 4. After vessels were depleted of @entity460 by using a combination of @entity460 -free media and @entity1063 stimulation, restoration of @entity460 in the presence of @entity1831 elicited a greater contractile response in SHR vessels. 5. The results therefore provide evidence for an increased @entity460 response to @entity1831 in SHR resistance vessels, although this was only demonstrable by @entity460 recovery experiments.

title: Vasopressin-mediated contractions in mesenteric arteries from spontaneously XXXX @entity35 : differences in response compared with @entity35 -Kyoto animals.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: 1. The sensitivity of mesenteric resistance arterioles to [ @entity369 ]vasopressin ( @entity1831 ) was investigated in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and control @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). No difference in pAVP (-log dose of @entity1831 producing 50% of the maximum response) was observed [SHR 0.21 +/- 0.03 m-units/ml (n = 10) vs WKY 0.15 +/- 0.06 m-units/ml (n = 9)], although SHR vessels exhibited greater absolute tension development. 2. Both strains of @entity35 displayed tachyphylaxis to repeated stimulation with @entity1831 , and oscillatory tension changes were observed in all vessels from SHR and rarely in WKY vessels at activating concentrations of @entity1831 . 3. @entity1831 did not elicit a contractile response after @entity1063 -induced @entity460 depletion. 4. After vessels were depleted of @entity460 by using a combination of @entity460 -free media and @entity1063 stimulation, restoration of @entity460 in the presence of @entity1831 elicited a greater contractile response in SHR vessels. 5. The results therefore provide evidence for an increased @entity460 response to @entity1831 in SHR resistance vessels, although this was only demonstrable by @entity460 recovery experiments.

title: Vasopressin-mediated contractions in mesenteric arteries from spontaneously @entity101 XXXX : differences in response compared with @entity35 -Kyoto animals.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: 1. The sensitivity of mesenteric resistance arterioles to [ @entity369 ]vasopressin ( @entity1831 ) was investigated in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and control @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). No difference in pAVP (-log dose of @entity1831 producing 50% of the maximum response) was observed [SHR 0.21 +/- 0.03 m-units/ml (n = 10) vs WKY 0.15 +/- 0.06 m-units/ml (n = 9)], although SHR vessels exhibited greater absolute tension development. 2. Both strains of @entity35 displayed tachyphylaxis to repeated stimulation with @entity1831 , and oscillatory tension changes were observed in all vessels from SHR and rarely in WKY vessels at activating concentrations of @entity1831 . 3. @entity1831 did not elicit a contractile response after @entity1063 -induced @entity460 depletion. 4. After vessels were depleted of @entity460 by using a combination of @entity460 -free media and @entity1063 stimulation, restoration of @entity460 in the presence of @entity1831 elicited a greater contractile response in SHR vessels. 5. The results therefore provide evidence for an increased @entity460 response to @entity1831 in SHR resistance vessels, although this was only demonstrable by @entity460 recovery experiments.

title: Vasopressin-mediated contractions in mesenteric arteries from spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 : differences in response compared with XXXX -Kyoto animals.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Wistar']


abstract: Stool and urine samples from 813 schoolchildren and adults from the Tomas and Rimin Gado dam areas of Kano State, Nigeria, showed @entity4114 to be present at both localities with prevalences of 26.6 and 36.8%, respectively. No cases of @entity383 were found. The prevalence and intensity of @entity4114 was low and similar in both study areas. Statistical analysis revealed a correlation between prevalence and location, but no evident association with professed patterns of water contact. Investigation of 165 freshwater habitats throughout the state revealed the presence of a number of potential snail intermediate host species, namely Bulinus senegalensis, B. forskali, B. globosus, B. rohlfsi and Biomphalaria pfeifferi. The most widespread species was Bulinus senegalensis, which inhabited shallow pools and excavations on a variety of substrata. Its habitats were typically devoid of aquatic vegetation and included those with highly turbid waters and conductivities as low as 11 microseconds. Bulinus forskali was by contrast relatively rare, occurring in more permanent water courses, although it was often found in mixed populations with @entity25871 . Bulinus globosus also occurred in seasonally rainfilled pools, but was confined to areas south of the 12 degrees N parallel, and its habitats tended to have a well-developed aquatic flora and clear water. The dominant species in @entity1 -made lakes was B. rohlfsi, which occurred in both the Tomas and Rimin Gado reservoirs. Biomphalaria pfeifferi was also primarily lake dwelling, although all species save @entity25871 were found in irrigation canals.

title: Schistosomiasis in Kano State, Nigeria. I. XXXX infections near dam sites and the distribution and habitat preferences of potential snail intermediate hosts.

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium', 'S. haematobium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Isolated blastomeres from 8- to 16-cell-stage embryos were fused by standard micromanipulatory means with either unfertilized eggs or fertilized or haploid parthenogenetically activated pronuclear-stage embryos. The hybrid eggs/embryos were incubated overnight in the presence of Colcemid until they had entered the first cleavage division. Air-dried chromosome preparations were then stained with @entity7292 in order to detect active nucleolar organizing regions (NOR). While control unfertilized eggs and 1-cell-stage fertilized and parthenogenetically activated embryos showed no evidence of @entity575 -staining NOR-positive regions, the metaphase plates from 8- to 16-cell embryos showed characteristic NOR-positive regions, while their interphase nuclei also showed a characteristic reticular staining appearance. When hybrids between blastomere nuclei and unfertilized eggs were examined, none of the blastomere nuclei entered mitosis. However, when hybrids between blastomere nuclei and fertilized embryos were examined, in two thirds of the embryos, a single blastomere-derived diploid metaphase plate was present in association with two pronuclear-derived haploid metaphase plates. In most instances, the blastomere-derived chromosomes did not display @entity7292 -staining NOR. Similar findings were observed when the blastomere-derived chromosomes in hybrids between blastomere nuclei and haploid parthenogenetic embryos were analysed. In the majority of cases, when blastomere nuclei remained in interphase, the characteristic @entity575 - @entity1507 -staining fine reticular material either was not seen, or the nuclear contents were dispersed into clumps of chromatin-like material. Occasionally, the diploid chromosomes in the hybrids displayed @entity154 . Our findings suggest that the cytoplasm of activated (but not nonactivated) 1-cell embryos is capable of influencing the nucleolar activity of the introduced 8- to 16-cell nuclei, effectively erasing from their chromosomes the memory of at least three previous rounds of rRNA synthesis.

title: Cytogenetic study of XXXX -staining NOR in 8-cell-stage mouse blastomeres fused to 1-cell-stage embryos.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['morphological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver-nitrate', 'silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: @entity600 occur in a spectrum of severity. In general the urethra (sometimes short or absent), vagina (often 2) and rectum converge in the urogenital sinus. Immediate colostomy is necessary. However, after colostomy the urinary tract assumes prime importance because of life-threatening obstruction and/or reflux. I treated 72 @entity1 with @entity600 , 33 as primary and 39 as secondary cases. In 40 @entity1 there was severe reflux with severe upper tract damage in more than half of the cases: 19 had prior urinary diversions (4 ileal loop, 5 loop ureterostomy and 10 vesicostomy). In nearly all secondary cases a definitive rectal operation had been done but the more life-threatening urinary tract had not been repaired. Some @entity1 had other urological and nonurological @entity600 . Review of these cases emphasizes several points. Each case should be evaluated early endoscopically and radiographically to guide immediate and later treatment. Rectal reconstruction (now done via the posterior sagittal approach) should not be done as the initial procedure, which often was practiced in the past. In some @entity1 the urinary tract should be repaired first when there is obstruction or massive reflux to prevent upper tract deterioration. In most cases it is feasible to repair all aspects of the @entity154 in a single operation, that is the urinary tract, genital tract and rectum. With a well planned and coordinated approach to @entity5953 organ systems a satisfactory outcome is possible in most cases.

title: Urological aspects of cloacal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'Cloacal malformations', 'complex cloacal malformations']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformations']


abstract: It has been demonstrated that @entity5 -bearing animals elaborate a low molecular weight (less than 10,000 daltons) factor capable of inhibiting in vitro lymphocyte function. It was postulated that removal of this factor would have a favorable effect on host immune response that would translate into improved @entity5 control. A study was conducted in @entity95 bearing the VX-2 @entity189 . Ultrafiltration (UF) was performed 10 days following IV @entity5 inoculation. UF was achieved by passing blood through an Amicon Diafilter (molecular weight cutoff 10 kD) positioned between the arterial and venous cannulae after heparinization. Two plasma volumes of ultrafiltrate were removed with continuous saline replacement. Two groups of animals received the nonspecific immunoadjuvant, Detox, at time of therapy. Survival in the UF group (N = 9) was compared to untreated @entity5 -bearing animals (N = 10), sham-operated animals (N = 6), animals receiving Detox (N = 7), and animals receiving UF plus Detox (N = 6). UF imparted a survival advantage when compared to controls (mean 35 days vs. 25 days, P less than .01). The sham group had survival identical to controls. Detox alone conferred minimal survival advantage (mean 29 days, P greater than .05). However, UF + Detox demonstrated maximal survival benefit (mean 40 days, P less than .01). We conclude that UF is an effective anticancer modality in this preclinical model. This study suggests that efforts aimed at eliminating suppressor molecules in @entity5 @entity1 may be of benefit, especially when combined with biological response modifiers such as Detox.

title: Plasma ultrafiltration as successful therapy of XXXX VX-2 @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: It has been demonstrated that @entity5 -bearing animals elaborate a low molecular weight (less than 10,000 daltons) factor capable of inhibiting in vitro lymphocyte function. It was postulated that removal of this factor would have a favorable effect on host immune response that would translate into improved @entity5 control. A study was conducted in @entity95 bearing the VX-2 @entity189 . Ultrafiltration (UF) was performed 10 days following IV @entity5 inoculation. UF was achieved by passing blood through an Amicon Diafilter (molecular weight cutoff 10 kD) positioned between the arterial and venous cannulae after heparinization. Two plasma volumes of ultrafiltrate were removed with continuous saline replacement. Two groups of animals received the nonspecific immunoadjuvant, Detox, at time of therapy. Survival in the UF group (N = 9) was compared to untreated @entity5 -bearing animals (N = 10), sham-operated animals (N = 6), animals receiving Detox (N = 7), and animals receiving UF plus Detox (N = 6). UF imparted a survival advantage when compared to controls (mean 35 days vs. 25 days, P less than .01). The sham group had survival identical to controls. Detox alone conferred minimal survival advantage (mean 29 days, P greater than .05). However, UF + Detox demonstrated maximal survival benefit (mean 40 days, P less than .01). We conclude that UF is an effective anticancer modality in this preclinical model. This study suggests that efforts aimed at eliminating suppressor molecules in @entity5 @entity1 may be of benefit, especially when combined with biological response modifiers such as Detox.

title: Plasma ultrafiltration as successful therapy of @entity95 VX-2 XXXX .

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: Prolapse of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve is the result of @entity397 , elongated chordae, or elongated or @entity1377 muscle. Several techniques have been described for the correction of @entity339 . However, when there is severe @entity397 of the chordae, the most widely accepted solution is valve replacement. We describe a technique for the creation of a neochorda with a strip of tissue from the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. This technique was used in two @entity1 with severe @entity339 . Formation of a neochorda and placement of a Carpentier ring to remodel the anulus obviated the need for a valve replacement. Both @entity1 had an uneventful recovery. Studies performed 3 and 4 months postoperatively showed competent and well-functioning valves. One @entity1 required a valve replacement for acute @entity339 5 years later, but the other @entity1 was doing well 3 years after the operation. Despite the limited experience, we believe this technique offers a reasonable alternative to valve replacement.

title: A new technique for repair of @entity339 caused by XXXX of the anterior leaflet.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured papillary']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'ruptured chordae']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve regurgitation', 'mitral valve insufficiency', 'mitral insufficiency']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptured chordae']


abstract: Prolapse of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve is the result of @entity397 , elongated chordae, or elongated or @entity1377 muscle. Several techniques have been described for the correction of @entity339 . However, when there is severe @entity397 of the chordae, the most widely accepted solution is valve replacement. We describe a technique for the creation of a neochorda with a strip of tissue from the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. This technique was used in two @entity1 with severe @entity339 . Formation of a neochorda and placement of a Carpentier ring to remodel the anulus obviated the need for a valve replacement. Both @entity1 had an uneventful recovery. Studies performed 3 and 4 months postoperatively showed competent and well-functioning valves. One @entity1 required a valve replacement for acute @entity339 5 years later, but the other @entity1 was doing well 3 years after the operation. Despite the limited experience, we believe this technique offers a reasonable alternative to valve replacement.

title: A new technique for repair of XXXX caused by @entity397 of the anterior leaflet.

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral insufficiency']


abstract: Long-term results in 64 @entity1 who underwent aortic valvuloplasty for @entity337 associated with @entity1757 are presented. The average age of the @entity1 was 10.2 years and the average cardiothoracic ratio was 0.57 at the time of operation. The average degree of @entity337 , as classified by Sellers, was 2.7. The type of @entity1757 was subpulmonic in 31 @entity1 , perimembranous in 20, and was a total conal defect in five @entity1 . Valvuloplasty was performed at one end of an aortic cusp in 23 @entity1 , at two ends in 33, at three ends in six, and at four ends in two @entity1 . There was one operative death (1.6%). The follow-up period was 447.7 @entity1 -years, and there were no late deaths. The actuarial survival rate was 98.3% at 5, 10, and 15 years. Postoperative cardiac catheterization was performed in 40 @entity1 . @entity177 was defined as the presence of a cardiothoracic ratio greater than 0.6, a loud regurgitant murmur (Levine grade 3/6 or greater), moderate or severe @entity337 (Sellers grade 3 or 4), or the necessity of reoperation. There were 17 @entity1 whose valvuloplasty failed. The freedom from valvuloplasty failure was 74.2% at 5 and 10 years and 55.3% at 15 years. Eight @entity1 underwent reoperation because of residual @entity337 , and all survived. The freedom from reoperation was 90.1% at 5 years, 80.5% at 10 years, and 63.7% at 15 years. Multiple regression analysis revealed that older age, a greater cardiothoracic ratio, perimembranous @entity1757 , and multiple valvuloplasties were significant contributing factors for residual regurgitation after aortic valvuloplasty.

title: Long-term results of aortic valvuloplasty for XXXX associated with @entity1757 .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Valvuloplasty failure']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: Long-term results in 64 @entity1 who underwent aortic valvuloplasty for @entity337 associated with @entity1757 are presented. The average age of the @entity1 was 10.2 years and the average cardiothoracic ratio was 0.57 at the time of operation. The average degree of @entity337 , as classified by Sellers, was 2.7. The type of @entity1757 was subpulmonic in 31 @entity1 , perimembranous in 20, and was a total conal defect in five @entity1 . Valvuloplasty was performed at one end of an aortic cusp in 23 @entity1 , at two ends in 33, at three ends in six, and at four ends in two @entity1 . There was one operative death (1.6%). The follow-up period was 447.7 @entity1 -years, and there were no late deaths. The actuarial survival rate was 98.3% at 5, 10, and 15 years. Postoperative cardiac catheterization was performed in 40 @entity1 . @entity177 was defined as the presence of a cardiothoracic ratio greater than 0.6, a loud regurgitant murmur (Levine grade 3/6 or greater), moderate or severe @entity337 (Sellers grade 3 or 4), or the necessity of reoperation. There were 17 @entity1 whose valvuloplasty failed. The freedom from valvuloplasty failure was 74.2% at 5 and 10 years and 55.3% at 15 years. Eight @entity1 underwent reoperation because of residual @entity337 , and all survived. The freedom from reoperation was 90.1% at 5 years, 80.5% at 10 years, and 63.7% at 15 years. Multiple regression analysis revealed that older age, a greater cardiothoracic ratio, perimembranous @entity1757 , and multiple valvuloplasties were significant contributing factors for residual regurgitation after aortic valvuloplasty.

title: Long-term results of aortic valvuloplasty for @entity337 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: Information of 40 @entity1 operated on for @entity299 was reviewed. The age ranges were as follows: nine @entity1 , 20 to 30 years; seven @entity1 , 31 to 40 years; 10 @entity1 , 41 to 50 years; and 11 @entity1 , over 50 years. One @entity1 each was 14 months, 14 years, and 16 years old. @entity4615 was diagnosed in 31 @entity1 , left @entity67 in one, right @entity4615 in five, and right @entity67 in two. Multiple calcified right @entity2224 were detected in one @entity1 . Detailed clinical characteristics and diagnostic methods are presented. The hospital mortality rate was 7.5%. At 15 years' follow-up practically all of the @entity1 had good late results. There were no recurrent @entity3291 . Rare left @entity67 and multiple calcified right @entity2224 involving a tricuspid valve are also presented.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma', 'Left atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular myxomas']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxoma']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular myxoma', 'ventricular myxomas']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac myxomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical features of therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of @entity15177 (saphris) in stopping acute @entity716 attacks in @entity1 with @entity1032 and to determine spectrum of action of this drug. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 30 female inpatients with acute hallucinatory/delusive and @entity162 /delusive states in attack-like @entity161 and @entity716 . Treatment was conducted according to standard schedule during 42 days. Saphris was used in sublingual tablets in daily dose 20 mg (10 mg in morning and 10 mg at night). Clinical/psychopathological and psychometric methods were applied. RESULTS: To the end of the study, the positive effect was achieved in 86.6% of the @entity1 with >= 30% reduction in PANSS scores. Good (reduction by 50-60%) and marked (reduction by >= 70%) effects were identified in 33.3% and 23.3% @entity1 , respectively. To the 42nd day, the reduction in the severity of disorders was 57.3% on average in the whole group, 54.1% in the subgroup of hallucinatory/delusive @entity716 and 62.1% in the @entity1 with @entity162 /delusive states. Distinct sedative, antimania, antipsychotic and antiparaphrenia components were detected in the spectrum of psychotropic action of saphris. Adverse effects were observed in 76.7% of the @entity1 with predominance of neurological symptoms (39.9%) and mental side-effects (34.0%). Somatic/autonomic (20.7%) and other side-effects (5.4%) were less frequent. Mild side-effects (71.2%) were most frequent in the structure of the severity. CONCLUSION: According to the results of therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of saphris as well as the high compliance of @entity1 , recommendations for using this medication in psychiatric practice were developed.

title: [Clinical experience and perspectives of using @entity15177 in stopping acute endogenous XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity15177 :: ('MESH:C522667', 'Chemical') :: ['asenapine']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['endogenous mental diseases']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'endogenous affective psychosis', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical features of therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of @entity15177 (saphris) in stopping acute @entity716 attacks in @entity1 with @entity1032 and to determine spectrum of action of this drug. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 30 female inpatients with acute hallucinatory/delusive and @entity162 /delusive states in attack-like @entity161 and @entity716 . Treatment was conducted according to standard schedule during 42 days. Saphris was used in sublingual tablets in daily dose 20 mg (10 mg in morning and 10 mg at night). Clinical/psychopathological and psychometric methods were applied. RESULTS: To the end of the study, the positive effect was achieved in 86.6% of the @entity1 with >= 30% reduction in PANSS scores. Good (reduction by 50-60%) and marked (reduction by >= 70%) effects were identified in 33.3% and 23.3% @entity1 , respectively. To the 42nd day, the reduction in the severity of disorders was 57.3% on average in the whole group, 54.1% in the subgroup of hallucinatory/delusive @entity716 and 62.1% in the @entity1 with @entity162 /delusive states. Distinct sedative, antimania, antipsychotic and antiparaphrenia components were detected in the spectrum of psychotropic action of saphris. Adverse effects were observed in 76.7% of the @entity1 with predominance of neurological symptoms (39.9%) and mental side-effects (34.0%). Somatic/autonomic (20.7%) and other side-effects (5.4%) were less frequent. Mild side-effects (71.2%) were most frequent in the structure of the severity. CONCLUSION: According to the results of therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of saphris as well as the high compliance of @entity1 , recommendations for using this medication in psychiatric practice were developed.

title: [Clinical experience and perspectives of using XXXX in stopping acute endogenous @entity716 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity15177 :: (MESH:C522667,Chemical) :: ['asenapine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: T helper 17 (Th17) cells and @entity4155 play important roles in the pathogenesis of @entity1 and @entity19 @entity625 . Although there is a clear link between @entity636 and @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) in the inflammatory cascade, details about their interaction in arthritic @entity2720 are unclear. In view of the introduction of @entity2304 - and @entity636 -inhibitors to the clinic, we studied how @entity636 and @entity2304 orchestrate the local production of inflammatory mediators during experimental @entity625 . METHODS: To allow detection of additive, complementary or synergistic effects of @entity636 and @entity2304 , we used two opposing experimental approaches: treatment of arthritic @entity19 with neutralising antibodies to @entity636 and @entity2304 , and local overexpression of these cytokines in na  ve @entity2720 . @entity19 were treated for two weeks with antibodies against @entity636 and/or @entity2304 after onset of @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ). Na  ve @entity19 were injected intra-articularly with adenoviral vectors for @entity636 and/or @entity2304 , resulting in local overexpression. Joint @entity32 was monitored by macroscopic scoring, X-ray and histology. Joint washouts, synovial cell- and lymph node cultures were analysed for cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators by Luminex analysis, flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). RESULTS: Combined therapeutic anti- @entity636 and anti- @entity2304 ameliorated @entity625 progression, and joint damage was dramatically reduced compared to treatment with anti- @entity636 or anti- @entity2304 alone. Anti- @entity636 specifically reduced synovial @entity14293 transcription, whereas anti- @entity2304 reduced transcription of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kB ligand ( @entity5271 ). Overexpression of @entity636 or @entity2304 in naive knee joints elicited extensive inflammatory infiltrate, @entity16 and @entity79 . Combined overexpression revealed additive and synergistic effects on the production of MMPs, @entity5271 and @entity14293 in the synovium, and led to complete destruction of the joint structure within 7  days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity636 and @entity2304 differentially mediate the inflammatory process in @entity2720 , and show complementary and local additive effects. Combined blockade in arthritic @entity19 @entity16 not only by direct inhibition of @entity636 and @entity2304 , but also by indirect inhibition of @entity14293 and @entity5271 . Our results provide a rationale for combination therapy in auto-inflammatory conditions, especially for @entity1 that do not fully respond to inhibition of the separate cytokines.

title: Complementary action of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-17A induces interleukin-23, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand and matrix metalloproteinases and drives bone and cartilage pathology in experimental XXXX : rationale for combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage stimulating-factor']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['reduced joint damage', 'cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic joints', 'synovial joints']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of complicated and uncomplicated acute @entity1580 (C-ATBD, U-ATBD) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TEVAR in @entity1 with U-ATBD. METHODS: Between February 2011 and December 2013, sixty @entity1 with @entity1580 were treated with TEVAR and were divided into C-ATBD group (n = 42) and U-ATBD group (n = 18). @entity260 and aortic remodeling were analyzed based on the clinical outcomes and computed tomography scans performed before and after operation. RESULTS: The median follow up time was 21.7 (14.0-31.6) months. The 3 years cumulative all-cause survival rate was 85.4% in the C-ATBD group and 100% in the U-ATBD group without significant difference (  (2) = 2.52, P = 0.11). The incidence of postoperative complications including type I a endoleak, stent graft-induced distal redissection and retrograde type A aortic dissection were equivalent in the two groups. The aortic enlargement rates at each level and false lumen regression rates on each aortic segment were similar between the two groups. At the level just distal to the celiac artery, there were significant interaction effects on the maximum total aortic diameter and false lumen diameter changes between time and group (P = 0.01, P = 0.02). C-ATBD group showed a tendency of expansion of maximum total aortic diameter and false lumen diameter compared to the U-ATBD group. CONCLUSIONS: The acceptable early and midterm outcomes are similar between the two groups after TEVAR. U-ATBD group has a more favorable aortic remodeling than C-ATBD group. TEVAR is feasible and safe for the treatment of U-ATBD.

title: [Analysis of outcomes of acute XXXX after thoracic endovascular aortic repair].

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type B aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type B aortic dissection']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to compare clinical outcomes and early adverse events of operative management (OM), nonoperative management (NOM), and NOM with @entity1416 ( @entity1416 ) in blunt @entity130 (BSI) and identify the prognostic factors. METHODS: Medical records of 136 consecutive @entity1 with BSI admitted to a @entity130 center from 2005 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 were separated into three groups: OM, NOM, and @entity1416 . We focused on associated injuries and early adverse events. Multivariate analysis was performed on 23 prognostic factors to find predictors. RESULTS: The total survival rate was 97.1%, with four @entity204 all occurred in the OM group. The spleen salvage rate was 91% in NOM and @entity1416 . At least one adverse event was observed in 32.8%, 62%, and 96% of @entity1 in NOM, @entity1416 , and OM groups, respectively (P < 0.001). We found significantly more @entity204 , infectious complications, @entity456 , @entity810 , and @entity788 in OM and more @entity9007 in @entity1416 . Six prognostic factors were statistically significant for one or more adverse events: simplified acute physiology score 2 >= 25 for almost all adverse events, age >= 50 years for acute @entity1576 , @entity174 for @entity548 , @entity764 for @entity456 , and at least one associated injury for @entity9007 . Adverse events were not related to the type of BSI management. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with BSI present worse outcome and more adverse events in OM, but this is related to the severity of injury. The main predictor of adverse events remains the severity of injury.

title: Blunt @entity130 : are early adverse events related to XXXX , nonoperative management, or surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['limb fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['secondary bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['SAE', 'splenic artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injury']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failures']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts', 'pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural drainage']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to compare clinical outcomes and early adverse events of operative management (OM), nonoperative management (NOM), and NOM with @entity1416 ( @entity1416 ) in blunt @entity130 (BSI) and identify the prognostic factors. METHODS: Medical records of 136 consecutive @entity1 with BSI admitted to a @entity130 center from 2005 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 were separated into three groups: OM, NOM, and @entity1416 . We focused on associated injuries and early adverse events. Multivariate analysis was performed on 23 prognostic factors to find predictors. RESULTS: The total survival rate was 97.1%, with four @entity204 all occurred in the OM group. The spleen salvage rate was 91% in NOM and @entity1416 . At least one adverse event was observed in 32.8%, 62%, and 96% of @entity1 in NOM, @entity1416 , and OM groups, respectively (P < 0.001). We found significantly more @entity204 , infectious complications, @entity456 , @entity810 , and @entity788 in OM and more @entity9007 in @entity1416 . Six prognostic factors were statistically significant for one or more adverse events: simplified acute physiology score 2 >= 25 for almost all adverse events, age >= 50 years for acute @entity1576 , @entity174 for @entity548 , @entity764 for @entity456 , and at least one associated injury for @entity9007 . Adverse events were not related to the type of BSI management. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with BSI present worse outcome and more adverse events in OM, but this is related to the severity of injury. The main predictor of adverse events remains the severity of injury.

title: Blunt XXXX : are early adverse events related to @entity130 , nonoperative management, or surgery?

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic injury']


abstract: Eight hundred and twenty male CBA- @entity19 , 75 +/- 3 days of age were divided into four main series. Three of these; A, B and C were further divided into three subgroups. To these 90Sr was given at three different dose levels alone (A) or in combination with either @entity2931 (B) or @entity617 (C). In one series (D) all animals were given only @entity2931 . The development of intramedullary @entity2931 induced bone formation and the early events of @entity5 induction are reported. The 90Sr activities were selected in such a way that the lowest one would be below, the intermediate beyond and the highest well above the limit of @entity5 induction. Comparing the 90Sr injected animals with those given also @entity2931 revealed that @entity2931 had no promoting effect at the lowest and intermediate dose levels but increased the @entity5 incidence with a factor 4 at the highest dose level whereas @entity617 had an inhibitory effect. From the results obtained it was proposed that @entity2931 may act only as a preparatory promoter and not assist in the initiating events. As has been reported elsewhere, the frequency of osteoblastic and @entity421 was higher in animals given @entity2931 and 90Sr than 90Sr only. @entity19 given only @entity2931 did not develop @entity5 .

title: Potentiating and inhibiting effects of steroid hormones on the incidence of 90Sr induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumours', 'bone tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteoclastic osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: Vascular characteristics of the splenic vein are entirely different from the portal vein in the @entity235 . We compared the responsiveness of the splenic capsule, which contains abundant smooth muscle with the portal and splenic veins. With respect to potentiation of @entity934 -induced contraction by @entity1339 , the relaxation response to @entity3044 and the contractile response to @entity750 , the splenic capsule differed from the splenic vein, but was rather similar to the portal vein. A site of morphological and pharmacological discontinuity between the portal vein and the splenic vein occurred at the junction of the splenic vein and the left gastric vein to form the gastrosplenic vein. This junction may coincide with the site of connection of the embryonic splenic vein, a newly formed efferent vein of the spleen, with the portal vein, which was reported by Miki [cf. Bevan et al.: 4th Int. Symp. on Vascular Neuroeffector Mechanisms; Raven Press, New York 1983]. On the splenic side, histological examination revealed that smooth muscle of the splenic capsule and trabeculae are interconnected, but did not extend to the splenic vein. At openings of the trabecular veins into the 'intrasplenic' portion of the splenic vein the trabecular smooth muscle continued to the extended capsule. The site of change in pharmacological responses was also found to be located between the trabeculae and the intrasplenic portion of the splenic vein. Thus the splenic vein can be regarded as a distinct segment of vessel inserted between the portal vein and the spleen. This may reflect differences in embryogenesis of their smooth muscle.

title: Distinctive characteristics of the splenic vein in the XXXX . Its morphological and pharmacological discontinuities with the portal vein and splenic capsule.

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ultrastructure of enamel in the mandibular incisor tooth in a @entity35 model of dental @entity3296 . METHODS: Thirty 5-week-old male and female @entity35 of SD strain were divided into three groups of ten. The animals in the control group were maintained for 8 weeks on pure deionized water, in the low- @entity1388 group deionized water with 22.5 mg/L of @entity2862 (50 mg/L @entity7034 ) was used, and in the high- @entity1388 group deionized water with 45 mg/L of @entity2862 (100 mg/L @entity7034 ) was used. All specimens examined were obtained from the mandibular incisors. Mid-sagittal ground sections were prepared from the direction of incisal point of each incisor for @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). RESULTS: According to the @entity4653 results, the prisms in the control group had a complete and clear column structure with closely packed enamel rods or enamel prisms. The prisms in the high - @entity1388 experimental group were collapsed and showed curved and @entity174 . The level of prism structural changes in the low- @entity1388 experimental group was in between that of the control group and the high- @entity1388 group. AFM for the middle layer enamel showed an average roughness (Ra) of (550.6    32.0) nm in the control group, (415.0    24.2) nm in the low- @entity1388 group, and (194.3    11.3) nm for the high- @entity1388 group. There was significant difference between the high- @entity1388 group and the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Formation of @entity35 enamel in the high @entity1388 environment presented obvious structural collapse and no clearance between prisms. Such changes appear to indicate a loss of normal prism structure in @entity35 enamels from exposure to high levels of @entity2862 during the maturation period.

title: [Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopic study on the XXXX of enamel in @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured crystallites']

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorine']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity3296 :: (MESH:D009050,Disease) :: ['fluorosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ultrastructure of enamel in the mandibular incisor tooth in a @entity35 model of dental @entity3296 . METHODS: Thirty 5-week-old male and female @entity35 of SD strain were divided into three groups of ten. The animals in the control group were maintained for 8 weeks on pure deionized water, in the low- @entity1388 group deionized water with 22.5 mg/L of @entity2862 (50 mg/L @entity7034 ) was used, and in the high- @entity1388 group deionized water with 45 mg/L of @entity2862 (100 mg/L @entity7034 ) was used. All specimens examined were obtained from the mandibular incisors. Mid-sagittal ground sections were prepared from the direction of incisal point of each incisor for @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). RESULTS: According to the @entity4653 results, the prisms in the control group had a complete and clear column structure with closely packed enamel rods or enamel prisms. The prisms in the high - @entity1388 experimental group were collapsed and showed curved and @entity174 . The level of prism structural changes in the low- @entity1388 experimental group was in between that of the control group and the high- @entity1388 group. AFM for the middle layer enamel showed an average roughness (Ra) of (550.6    32.0) nm in the control group, (415.0    24.2) nm in the low- @entity1388 group, and (194.3    11.3) nm for the high- @entity1388 group. There was significant difference between the high- @entity1388 group and the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Formation of @entity35 enamel in the high @entity1388 environment presented obvious structural collapse and no clearance between prisms. Such changes appear to indicate a loss of normal prism structure in @entity35 enamels from exposure to high levels of @entity2862 during the maturation period.

title: [Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopic study on the @entity3296 of enamel in XXXX ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A self-administered hand test was used to screen 5262 @entity1 aged 40-70 living in a rural district in southern Sweden. It revealed evidence of hand impairment in 13%. The prevalence of @entity309 was 1.1%. At the screening procedure a subgroup of 48 previously unrecognized individuals with @entity32 was identified. They were assessed by a rheumatologist, who established the following diagnoses: four definite @entity309 , eight probable @entity309 , three @entity5144 , one unclassifiable @entity625 , 10 @entity571 and 22 non-specific @entity4841 . No advanced @entity309 was detected. Two were seropositive and another was erosive. One with @entity309 , one with @entity5144 and three with arthralgic symptoms were unable to work. Most had only a minor need for further medical aid. The test was thus able to identify @entity1 with hand impairment. Follow-up studies will address the practical implications of the screening procedure.

title: Detection of suspected XXXX with a new simple self-administered hand test.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory joint disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory joint disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study investigates sectioning the superior @entity2670 (SON) in @entity35 with functional sensorial denervation induced by @entity2951 administration at birth and the effects on the establishment of puberty, ovulation, serum @entity1420 , and @entity53 concentrations. METHODS: The animals were allotted randomly to one of the following experimental groups. Groups of 8-10 @entity35 were injected at birth with @entity2951 or vehicle, and on day 20 or 28 of life, they were submitted to a sham operation (SO). Other groups of 8-10 @entity35 were injected at birth with @entity2951 or vehicle, and on day 20 or 28 of life, they were submitted to the uni-or bilateral SON sectioning. The animals were killed at the first estrus. Serum concentration of @entity1420 (ng/ml) and @entity53 (pg/ml) were measured using a radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Animals treated with @entity2951 and subjected at 20  days of life to the left or bilateral section of SON had a delayed age of vaginal opening. Furthermore, animals with a lack of sensory information and subjected to a SO at 28  days of life had the same delay in the age of vaginal opening. Animals with sensorial innervation intact, subjected to unilateral section of the SON at 20 or 28  days of age, showed diminished ovulation rate and number of ova shed by the denervated ovary. In animals with sensorial denervation, the uni-or bilateral sectioning of the SON did not result in changes in ovulation. @entity1420 and @entity53 levels were different depending on the age of the animal in which the SON section was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the present results, we suggest that sympathetic innervation regulates ovulation and the secretion of @entity479 hormones and that the sensory fibers modulate the sympathetic innervation action on ovarian functions.

title: In the pubertal XXXX , the regulation of ovarian function involves the synergic participation of the sensory and sympathetic innervations that arrive at the gonad.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian nerve']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy for @entity418 . METHODS: Based on hospitalization data from March 2011 to March 2014, 62 cases of @entity418 treated with thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy (minimally invasive group, with 45 male @entity1 ) and other 62 cases treated with open esophagectomy (open esophagectomy group, with 45 male @entity1 ) were analyzed in a retrospective cohort. The mean age of two groups were (62  9) years and (62  8) years, respectively. Quantitative data were analyzed using t-test, whereas qualitative variables were tested with   (2) test. There were no significant difference in age, @entity5 location, pathological type, @entity5 staging between two groups (P>0.05). Perioperative data and three-year clinic outcome were collected. The three-year survival curve were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test between the two groups. RESULTS: Compared with open esophagectomy group, minimally invasive group has less amount of @entity548 during operations ((231  40) ml vs. (302  37) ml, t=4.63, P=0.000), @entity456 after operations ((490  41) ml vs. (1 090  43) ml, t=-79.59, P=0.000), and postoperative hospital stay ((16  4) days vs. (17  4) days, t=-2.61, P=0.010). Meanwhile, minimally invasive group has more operation time ((272  39) minutes vs. (242  45) minutes, t=3.97, P=0.000) and total and thoracic cavity retrieved lymph nodes (30  5 vs. 28  4, t=2.39, P=0.018; 15  4 vs. 14  3, t=2.59, P=0.011). Nineteen and 31 @entity1 had @entity260 and statistical significance difference was found between two groups (  (2)=4.83, P=0.028). The three-year survival rate was 73.2% in minimally invasive group and 71.4% in open esophagectomy group. There was no significance difference between two groups (  (2)=0.170, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy had the advantages of amount of @entity548 , postoperative hospital stay and complications, and had the same three-year survival rate with open esophagectomy.

title: [A retrospective cohort comparison of XXXX between thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy and open esophagectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural drainage']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of a @entity5 is associated with recurrence after nephrectomy in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 49 @entity1 with localized @entity1358 who underwent 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging preoperatively. Fifteen @entity1 had recurrent disease after surgery. The ADC was measured by placing a region-of-interest in a solid region of each @entity5 on the ADC map. We named the average value of the three ADC values the "average ADC" and the lowest ADC value among the three as the "minimum ADC." The correlations between clinicopathological factors including @entity1 age and gender, @entity5 side, @entity5 size, growth/invasion pattern, Fuhrman grade, histological subtype, venous invasion, average and minimum ADCs, and disease-free survival were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, @entity5 size, venous invasion, mean ADC, and minimum ADC showed significant correlations with disease-free survival (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, only venous invasion and minimum ADC were significant (P < 0.05). The 5-year disease-free survival rate of the low minimum ADC group was 51.6%, while that of the high minimum ADC group was 85.1%. CONCLUSION: The minimum ADC of a @entity5 , although not as pronounced as venous invasion, was found to be an independent associative factor for recurrence after nephrectomy in @entity1 with localized @entity1358 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Apparent diffusion coefficient: An associative factor for recurrence after nephrectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['localized renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative @entity1416 for @entity2721 plays an important role in reducing intraoperative @entity190 (IBL). PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of a gelatin sponge in preoperative @entity1416 for @entity2721 in the pelvis or extremities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 (21 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 ; median age, 61 years; age range, 23-79 years) underwent preoperative @entity1416 between April 2004 and January 2015. Medical records and images were reviewed, and the technical success rate, clinical success rate, and complications were evaluated. Technical success was defined as a devascularization rate of 75% or higher, and clinical success was defined as intraoperative @entity190 (IBL) <1500   mL in cases undergoing surgery within 3 days of transarterial @entity887 and <3000   mL in cases operated 4 or more days later. RESULTS: @entity5 sizes were in the range of 2.0-13.0   cm (median, 5.0   cm). The devascularization rate was decreased by >75% at follow-up angiography in all cases, and the technical success rate was 100 % (37/37). The median IBL was 491   mL (range, 30-3800   mL), and the clinical success rate was 89% (33/37). The minor complication of @entity158 was observed in 13 out of 37 cases (35%) during or after @entity887 , but was controllable by an analgesic. CONCLUSION: Preoperative transarterial @entity887 using a gelatin sponge appears to be feasible and safe, and may contribute to decreasing IBL.

title: Preoperative transarterial XXXX using gelatin sponge for @entity2721 in the pelvis or extremities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['transcatheter arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['hypervascular bone and soft tissue tumors']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['local pain']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolization']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative @entity1416 for @entity2721 plays an important role in reducing intraoperative @entity190 (IBL). PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of a gelatin sponge in preoperative @entity1416 for @entity2721 in the pelvis or extremities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 (21 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 ; median age, 61 years; age range, 23-79 years) underwent preoperative @entity1416 between April 2004 and January 2015. Medical records and images were reviewed, and the technical success rate, clinical success rate, and complications were evaluated. Technical success was defined as a devascularization rate of 75% or higher, and clinical success was defined as intraoperative @entity190 (IBL) <1500   mL in cases undergoing surgery within 3 days of transarterial @entity887 and <3000   mL in cases operated 4 or more days later. RESULTS: @entity5 sizes were in the range of 2.0-13.0   cm (median, 5.0   cm). The devascularization rate was decreased by >75% at follow-up angiography in all cases, and the technical success rate was 100 % (37/37). The median IBL was 491   mL (range, 30-3800   mL), and the clinical success rate was 89% (33/37). The minor complication of @entity158 was observed in 13 out of 37 cases (35%) during or after @entity887 , but was controllable by an analgesic. CONCLUSION: Preoperative transarterial @entity887 using a gelatin sponge appears to be feasible and safe, and may contribute to decreasing IBL.

title: Preoperative transarterial @entity887 using gelatin sponge for XXXX in the pelvis or extremities.

answer: @entity2721 :: (MESH:D018213,Disease) :: ['hypervascular bone and soft tissue tumors']


abstract: AIM: Smoking is the one of the most preventable causes of @entity204 worldwide. Dental professionals may play an important role in anti-smoking campaigns. The aim of this study was to evaluate current knowledge of and attitudes toward smoking and its cessation among dental professionals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This questionnaire-based study was carried out among general dental practitioners (GDPs) and dental students in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes toward @entity286 use and cessation. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 18.0; IBM) and the Mann-Whitney U-test, with a significance level of p  <  0.001. RESULTS: A total of 342 @entity1 (130 GDPs, 212 dental students) with the mean age of 24 (standard deviation, 5) years participated in the study. One-third (33.8%, n  =  44) of GDPs and 30.2% (n  =  64) of dental students were smokers; small percentages (GDPs, 9.1% [n  =  4]; dental students, 7.8% [n  =  5]) were heavy smokers. The majority of @entity1 rated both smoking cessation and prevention together as a very important preventive measure. Families were rated as the most important factor responsible for smoking cessation, whereas general practitioners were rated as the most important factor for providing assistance with cessation. CONCLUSION: More meaningful participation of dental professionals in @entity286 cessation is needed, with implications for related curriculum changes.

title: Knowledge and attitude of XXXX use and cessation among dental professionals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Targeted temperature management is recommended after out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA). Whether advanced internal cooling is superior to basic external cooling remains presently unknown. The aim of this multicenter controlled trial was to evaluate the benefit of endovascular versus basic surface cooling. METHODS AND RESULTS: -Inclusion criteria were: age 18-79, OHCA related to a presumed cardiac cause, time to @entity12464 ( @entity12464 ) <60min, delay between @entity12464 and inclusion <240min, unconscious @entity1 after @entity12464 and prior to start cooling. Exclusion criteria were: terminal disease, pregnancy, known @entity1003 , uncontrolled @entity548 , temperature on admission <30  C, in-hospital CA, immediate need for extracorporeal life support or hemodialysis. @entity1 were randomized between two cooling strategies: endovascular femoral devices (Icy catheter, Coolgard(TM), Zoll, formerly Alsius, USA, n=203) or basic external cooling using fans, a home-made tent, and ice packs (n=197). The primary endpoint, i.e. favorable outcome evaluated by survival without major @entity16 (Cerebral Performance Categories 1-2) at day 28, was not significantly different between groups (odds ratio 1.41 [0.93-2.16], P=0.107). Improvement of favorable outcome at day 90 in favor of endovascular group did not reach significance (odds ratio 1.51 [0.96-2.35], P=0.07). Time to target temperature (33  C) was significantly shorter, and @entity2332 was more strictly maintained in the endovascular versus the surface group (P<0.001). Minor side effects directly related to the cooling method were more frequently observed in the endovascular group (P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: -Despite @entity2332 induction and maintenance, endovascular cooling was not significantly superior to basic external cooling regarding favorable outcome. Clinical Trial Registration Information-ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT00392639.

title: Endovascular versus External Targeted Temperature Management for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12464 :: ('MESH:D009360', 'Disease') :: ['return of spontaneous circulation', 'ROSC']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damages']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['better hypothermia', 'target hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: One hundred seventeen @entity1 with threatened limb loss were evaluated. Seventy-three of these @entity1 underwent vascular reconstruction. @entity6 had a significantly higher incidence of @entity63 ulceration and gangrene when compared with nondiabetics. Nondiabetics typically presented with @entity158 . The outcome of foot salvage surgery was evaluated by postoperative ankle-branchial indices as well as limb salvage rates. Ankle-brachial indices increased significantly in both groups. Fifty-five percent of the @entity6 and 67 percent of the nondiabetics had a postoperative ankle-brachial index of 0.8 or greater. Overall foot salvage at 1 year was 84 percent. Foot salvage in @entity1 with @entity6 was 78 percent compared with 86 percent in nondiabetics. In this subset of @entity1 with threatened limb loss confirmed by hemodynamic measurements, the results of vascular reconstruction were comparable in both @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity1 .

title: A comparison of XXXX and nondiabetics with threatened limb loss.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'Diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: @entity37918 is an economically important pathogen of @entity3505 . However, the molecular basis of pathogenicity on @entity3505 is still poorly understood. Here, we present a global survey of the proteins secreted by this fungus in the apoplast of resistant (cv. Shafir) and susceptible (cv. Obelisk) @entity3505 cultivars after inoculation with reference @entity71155 . The fungal proteins present in apoplastic fluids were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and by data-independent acquisition liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 (E)) combined with data-dependent acquisition LC- @entity15 / @entity15 . Subsequent mapping mass spectrometry-derived peptide sequence data against the genome sequence of strain IPO323 identified 665 peptides in the @entity15 (E) and 93 in the LC- @entity15 / @entity15 mode that matched to 85 proteins. The identified fungal proteins, including cell-wall degrading enzymes and proteases, might function in pathogenicity, but the functions of many remain unknown. Most fungal proteins accumulated in cv. Obelisk at the onset of necrotrophy. This inventory provides an excellent basis for future detailed studies on the role of these genes and their encoded proteins during pathogenesis in @entity3505 .

title: Proteome catalog of XXXX captured during pathogenesis in @entity3505 .

entities_list: @entity37918 :: ('1047171', 'Species') :: ['Zymoseptoria tritici']

answer: @entity37918 :: (1047171,Species) :: ['Zymoseptoria tritici']


abstract: @entity37918 is an economically important pathogen of @entity3505 . However, the molecular basis of pathogenicity on @entity3505 is still poorly understood. Here, we present a global survey of the proteins secreted by this fungus in the apoplast of resistant (cv. Shafir) and susceptible (cv. Obelisk) @entity3505 cultivars after inoculation with reference @entity71155 . The fungal proteins present in apoplastic fluids were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and by data-independent acquisition liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 (E)) combined with data-dependent acquisition LC- @entity15 / @entity15 . Subsequent mapping mass spectrometry-derived peptide sequence data against the genome sequence of strain IPO323 identified 665 peptides in the @entity15 (E) and 93 in the LC- @entity15 / @entity15 mode that matched to 85 proteins. The identified fungal proteins, including cell-wall degrading enzymes and proteases, might function in pathogenicity, but the functions of many remain unknown. Most fungal proteins accumulated in cv. Obelisk at the onset of necrotrophy. This inventory provides an excellent basis for future detailed studies on the role of these genes and their encoded proteins during pathogenesis in @entity3505 .

title: Proteome catalog of @entity37918 captured during pathogenesis in XXXX .

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity in the offspring of @entity1 with @entity4854 during pregnancy has been reported, but the results are conflicting. This study examined the association of @entity4854 during pregnancy and anthropometry in 5- to 7-year-old offspring whose mothers participated in the @entity4854 and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) Study at the Belfast Centre. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 in the HAPO study underwent a 75-g oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) at approximately 28 weeks of gestation. Mothers and caregivers remained blinded to the results unless the fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) concentration was >5.8 mmol/L or the 2-h plasma @entity413 (2hPG) concentration was >11.1 mmol/L. Offspring weight, height, and skin-fold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac) were measured at age 5-7 years. Overweight, @entity28 , and extreme @entity28 were defined as a BMI z score >= 85th, >= 95th, and >= 99th percentile, respectively, based on the 1990 British Growth Standard. RESULTS: Belfast HAPO offspring (n = 1,320, 82%) aged 5-7 years attended for follow-up. Using multiple regression, maternal FPG, 1h PG, and 2hPG did not show any relation to offspring BMI z score or offspring skin-fold sum independent of maternal BMI at OGTT and offspring birth weight z score. This lack of association with maternal glycemia persisted with the offspring BMI z score expressed as >= 85th, >= 95th, or 99th percentile, and the sum of skin folds expressed as >= 90th percentile specific for sex. The initially significant relation between FPG and all offspring adiposity measures was explained by maternal BMI at the OGTT. CONCLUSIONS: After adjustment for maternal BMI at the OGTT, higher maternal FPG concentration during pregnancy (short of @entity6 ) is no longer a risk factor for @entity28 , as reflected by BMI and the sum of skin folds in offspring aged 5-7 years.

title: Untreated Mild XXXX During Pregnancy and Anthropometric Measures of Obesity in Offspring at Age 5-7 Years.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: This study was designed to investigate by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) the characteristics of lung involvement in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Twenty six @entity1 with @entity309 were included; ten were active smokers. Chest X Ray, pulmonary function tests and BAL were performed in all @entity1 . @entity5924 was found in 7% of cases, @entity5641 in 30% of cases. 83% of @entity1 were found to have diffuse alveolar and/or @entity401 , 17% rheumatoid nodules. Functional evaluation showed a restrictive pattern and a significant reduction in the @entity505 monoxyde diffusing capacity. Smokers had elevated BAL macrophages and decreased lymphocytes compared with non-smokers: respectively 89% vs 62.9% and 7.3% vs 18.9%. @entity1 with @entity5924 had lower FVC than others: 38 +/- 14% vs 61 +/- 3%, and their BAL neutrophils were increased: 71 +/- 23% vs 7.5 +/- 2%. There was an inverse correlation between neutrophil counts and FVC in non-smokers, and diffusing capacity. We conclude that BAL inflammatory cells profiles are abnormal in @entity309 and modified by a smoking history and the existence of a @entity5924 .

title: [Broncho-alveolar lavage in pulmonary involvement in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchiolitis', 'bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in @entity1547 in vivo by culture and real-time PCR methods. METHODS: Ten teeth with deep active @entity1547 were selected and five portions of carious dentin were removed for each tooth. Two increments were used as control, to represent the superficial and deep dentin, respectively. @entity6693 at 100mg/L was placed in contact with the cavity for five minutes, before being irradiated with a halogen light source for one minute. Then, after PDT, other three portions were removed. The samples were processed in laboratory and the number of viable cfu was obtained. The real time PCR analyses were performed in two increments of carious dentin, removed before and after PDT. The @entity6586 DNA was isolated from carious dentin samples and amplification and detection of DNA were performed with Real-Time PCR. The cavities were then restored with glass ionomer cement. RESULTS: Using conventional culture methods, the results demonstrated that viable bacteria were significantly reduced in all of the agar plates following photosensitization. No difference was found between both groups regarding @entity6586 DNA quantification by real-time PCR. CONCLUSION: Although PDT may not affect the number of @entity6586 DNA copies immediately after the treatment, clear reduction of the number of cfu was found. Despite its promising use for eliminating bacteria in dental caries treatment, further studies are necessary to establish an effective clinical protocol for the PDT.

title: Antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy in XXXX in vivo, using culture and real time PCR methods.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['carious lesions']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylene blue']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['carious lesions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Loss-of-function mutations in the a3 isoform of the @entity1372 pump are responsible for @entity17558 ( @entity17558 ). A pharmacologic model of @entity17558 replicates the most salient features of @entity17558 , and implicates both the cerebellum and basal @entity21 ; @entity3519 is associated with @entity76 , and the @entity304 -like features are attributable to the basal ganglia. The pharmacologic agent used to generate the model, @entity7832 , is selective for @entity1372 pumps. However, close to the infusion sites in vivo it likely affects all @entity1372 pump isoforms. Therefore, it remains to be established whether selective loss of a3-containing @entity1372 pumps replicates the pharmacologic model. Moreover, while the pharmacologic model suggested that aberrant firing of Purkinje cells was the main cause of @entity76 , it did not allow the scrutiny of this hypothesis. To address these questions RNA interference using small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) delivered via adeno-associated viruses (AAV) was used to specifically knockdown a3-containing @entity1372 pumps in different regions of the adult @entity19 brain. Knockdown of the a3-containing @entity1372 pumps mimicked both the behavioral and electrophysiological changes seen in the pharmacologic model of @entity17558 , recapitulating key aspects of the @entity1 disorder. Further, we found that knockdown of the a3 isoform altered the intrinsic pacemaking of Purkinje cells, but not the neurons of the @entity76 . Therefore, acute knockdown of proteins associated with @entity3520 may be a good strategy for developing phenotypic genetic @entity19 models where traditional transgenic models have failed to produce symptomatic @entity19 .

title: Aberrant Purkinje cell activity is the cause of @entity3519 in a shRNA-based @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['inherited dystonias']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity17558 :: ('MESH:C538001', 'Disease') :: ['RDP', 'Rapid Onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant cerebellar output', 'deep cerebellar nuclei', 'abnormal cerebellar output']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia in the disorder']

answer: @entity17558 :: (MESH:C538001,Disease) :: ['Rapid Onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Loss-of-function mutations in the a3 isoform of the @entity1372 pump are responsible for @entity17558 ( @entity17558 ). A pharmacologic model of @entity17558 replicates the most salient features of @entity17558 , and implicates both the cerebellum and basal @entity21 ; @entity3519 is associated with @entity76 , and the @entity304 -like features are attributable to the basal ganglia. The pharmacologic agent used to generate the model, @entity7832 , is selective for @entity1372 pumps. However, close to the infusion sites in vivo it likely affects all @entity1372 pump isoforms. Therefore, it remains to be established whether selective loss of a3-containing @entity1372 pumps replicates the pharmacologic model. Moreover, while the pharmacologic model suggested that aberrant firing of Purkinje cells was the main cause of @entity76 , it did not allow the scrutiny of this hypothesis. To address these questions RNA interference using small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) delivered via adeno-associated viruses (AAV) was used to specifically knockdown a3-containing @entity1372 pumps in different regions of the adult @entity19 brain. Knockdown of the a3-containing @entity1372 pumps mimicked both the behavioral and electrophysiological changes seen in the pharmacologic model of @entity17558 , recapitulating key aspects of the @entity1 disorder. Further, we found that knockdown of the a3 isoform altered the intrinsic pacemaking of Purkinje cells, but not the neurons of the @entity76 . Therefore, acute knockdown of proteins associated with @entity3520 may be a good strategy for developing phenotypic genetic @entity19 models where traditional transgenic models have failed to produce symptomatic @entity19 .

title: Aberrant Purkinje cell activity is the cause of XXXX in a shRNA-based @entity19 model of @entity17558 .

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Loss-of-function mutations in the a3 isoform of the @entity1372 pump are responsible for @entity17558 ( @entity17558 ). A pharmacologic model of @entity17558 replicates the most salient features of @entity17558 , and implicates both the cerebellum and basal @entity21 ; @entity3519 is associated with @entity76 , and the @entity304 -like features are attributable to the basal ganglia. The pharmacologic agent used to generate the model, @entity7832 , is selective for @entity1372 pumps. However, close to the infusion sites in vivo it likely affects all @entity1372 pump isoforms. Therefore, it remains to be established whether selective loss of a3-containing @entity1372 pumps replicates the pharmacologic model. Moreover, while the pharmacologic model suggested that aberrant firing of Purkinje cells was the main cause of @entity76 , it did not allow the scrutiny of this hypothesis. To address these questions RNA interference using small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) delivered via adeno-associated viruses (AAV) was used to specifically knockdown a3-containing @entity1372 pumps in different regions of the adult @entity19 brain. Knockdown of the a3-containing @entity1372 pumps mimicked both the behavioral and electrophysiological changes seen in the pharmacologic model of @entity17558 , recapitulating key aspects of the @entity1 disorder. Further, we found that knockdown of the a3 isoform altered the intrinsic pacemaking of Purkinje cells, but not the neurons of the @entity76 . Therefore, acute knockdown of proteins associated with @entity3520 may be a good strategy for developing phenotypic genetic @entity19 models where traditional transgenic models have failed to produce symptomatic @entity19 .

title: Aberrant Purkinje cell activity is the cause of @entity3519 in a shRNA-based XXXX model of @entity17558 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']