abstract: AIM: Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) is an emerging and exciting new technique in @entity5 surgery. As with all novel techniques, new challenges arise, requiring small modifications of the technique. Here we present a simple technique that we have devised to facilitate a stapled @entity254 using standard circular staplers following a taTME. METHOD: We describe the technique in a stepwise fashion with picture - and video illustration. Our experience with this @entity254 in a small cohort of @entity1 is reported. RESULTS: No @entity834 occurred in 12 consecutive @entity1 using this technique following taTME. In one @entity1 a small defect was noticed on direct visualisation of the @entity254 intra-operative, and was closed transanally. So far 8/12 @entity1 had their protective ileostomy reversed with satisfactory function. CONCLUSION: We believe that this technique for a transanal, stapled @entity254 after a transanal TME procedure is safe and reproducible. Objective assessment of longterm functional outcome is required and outcomes need to be compared to other stapled techniques and handsewn anastomoses.

title: Technique for a stapled XXXX following transanal total mesorectal excision for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: AIM: Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) is an emerging and exciting new technique in @entity5 surgery. As with all novel techniques, new challenges arise, requiring small modifications of the technique. Here we present a simple technique that we have devised to facilitate a stapled @entity254 using standard circular staplers following a taTME. METHOD: We describe the technique in a stepwise fashion with picture - and video illustration. Our experience with this @entity254 in a small cohort of @entity1 is reported. RESULTS: No @entity834 occurred in 12 consecutive @entity1 using this technique following taTME. In one @entity1 a small defect was noticed on direct visualisation of the @entity254 intra-operative, and was closed transanally. So far 8/12 @entity1 had their protective ileostomy reversed with satisfactory function. CONCLUSION: We believe that this technique for a transanal, stapled @entity254 after a transanal TME procedure is safe and reproducible. Objective assessment of longterm functional outcome is required and outcomes need to be compared to other stapled techniques and handsewn anastomoses.

title: Technique for a stapled @entity254 following transanal total mesorectal excision for XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The association of @entity49 and @entity5 , a well established pattern of disease, often leads to @entity1151 in an already compromised patient. Anticoagulation therapy in these @entity1 is occasionally complicated by several factors including @entity882 , which may result in a life-threatening situation of @entity1151 . Mechanical intervention may prevent @entity1151 from reaching the lungs, thereby negating the use of anticoagulants in the @entity1 with @entity882 . In this clinical trial, ten @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity882 complicated by recurrent @entity1151 received the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter. There were four @entity1 (two with @entity694 and two with @entity1072 ) and six @entity1 (four with @entity0 , one with @entity694 , and one with @entity1072 ). Pulmonary emboli were documented in all @entity1 by comparative ventilation/perfusion lung scans, arterial blood gas determinations, and chest x-ray films. In each case anticoagulation was begun, but in six of the ten @entity1 @entity548 developed and anticoagulation had to be discontinued. The Kim-Ray Greenfield filter was subsequently placed in all ten @entity1 in the infrarenal inferior vena cava (eight via a jugular approach and two via the femoral vein) without complication, and anticoagulation was discontinued. All @entity1 had follow-up to time of @entity204 , ranging from six to 26 months (mean 11 months). In no @entity1 was recurrent @entity1151 based on clinical evidence, nor in autopsy reports in three of the ten @entity1 . There should be increased usage of the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter in @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity882 , and @entity1151 .

title: XXXX and @entity5 : use of the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter to prevent thromboembolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulation']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli', 'hemorrhage versus pulmonary emboli', 'pulmonary emboli detectable']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['Thrombocytopenia']


abstract: The association of @entity49 and @entity5 , a well established pattern of disease, often leads to @entity1151 in an already compromised patient. Anticoagulation therapy in these @entity1 is occasionally complicated by several factors including @entity882 , which may result in a life-threatening situation of @entity1151 . Mechanical intervention may prevent @entity1151 from reaching the lungs, thereby negating the use of anticoagulants in the @entity1 with @entity882 . In this clinical trial, ten @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity882 complicated by recurrent @entity1151 received the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter. There were four @entity1 (two with @entity694 and two with @entity1072 ) and six @entity1 (four with @entity0 , one with @entity694 , and one with @entity1072 ). Pulmonary emboli were documented in all @entity1 by comparative ventilation/perfusion lung scans, arterial blood gas determinations, and chest x-ray films. In each case anticoagulation was begun, but in six of the ten @entity1 @entity548 developed and anticoagulation had to be discontinued. The Kim-Ray Greenfield filter was subsequently placed in all ten @entity1 in the infrarenal inferior vena cava (eight via a jugular approach and two via the femoral vein) without complication, and anticoagulation was discontinued. All @entity1 had follow-up to time of @entity204 , ranging from six to 26 months (mean 11 months). In no @entity1 was recurrent @entity1151 based on clinical evidence, nor in autopsy reports in three of the ten @entity1 . There should be increased usage of the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter in @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity882 , and @entity1151 .

title: @entity882 and XXXX : use of the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter to prevent thromboembolism.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity579 blast is the most threatening disease to cultivated @entity579 . @entity8812 , its causal agent, is likely to encounter environmental challenges during invasive growth in its host plants that require shifts in gene expression to establish a compatible interaction. Here, we tested the hypothesis that gene expression patterns during in planta invasive growth are similar to in vitro stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation, temperature up shift and oxidative stress, and determined which condition most closely mimicked that of in planta invasive growth. Gene expression data were collected from these in vitro experiments and compared to fungal gene expression during the invasive growth phase at 72 hours post-inoculation in compatible interactions on two grass hosts, @entity579 and @entity2247 . RESULTS: We identified 4,973 genes that were differentially expressed in at least one of the in planta and in vitro stress conditions when compared to fungal mycelia grown in complete medium, which was used as reference. From those genes, 1,909 showed similar expression patterns between at least one of the in vitro stresses and @entity579 and/or @entity2247 . Hierarchical clustering of these 1,909 genes showed three major clusters in which in planta conditions closely grouped with the nutrient starvation conditions. Out of these 1,909 genes, 55 genes and 129 genes were induced and repressed in all treatments, respectively. Functional categorization of the 55 induced genes revealed that most were either related to @entity505 metabolism, membrane proteins, or were involved in oxidoreduction reactions. The 129 repressed genes showed putative roles in vesicle trafficking, signal transduction, @entity1568 metabolism, or molecular transport. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity8812 is likely primarily coping with nutrient-limited environments at the invasive growth stage 72 hours post-inoculation, and not with oxidative or temperature stresses.

title: Transcriptome profiling of the XXXX during invasive plant infection and in vitro stresses.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity8812 :: ('318829', 'Species') :: ['M. oryzae', 'Magnaporthe oryzae']

answer: @entity8812 :: (318829,Species) :: ['rice blast fungus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity130 is common, little is known about which factors lead to poor functional outcomes. We sought to determine which characteristics of @entity764 predict @entity358 or health-related quality of life. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial involving @entity1 with @entity764 at a Level I @entity130 center between December 2007 and July 2012. We evaluated the overall severity of the @entity764 -characterized primarily by the number of @entity174 -and rib @entity174 location (upper, middle, and lower; anterior, lateral, and posterior) as predictors of @entity1 -reported outcomes 60 days after injury: @entity1353 burden (0-40), Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (MMRC) (0-4), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and normalized Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) scores. RESULTS: Of 189 evaluable subjects, the mean (SD) number of @entity174 was 5 (4). The number of @entity174 was not associated with @entity1353 burden, MMRC, or SGRQ scores. After adjustment for confounders, each additional fractured rib was associated with worse SF-36 Physical Functioning and Bodily @entity158 scores (-0.6 units [95% confidence interval (CI), -1.1 to 0.0] and -0.8 units [95% CI, -1.3 to -0.2], respectively). @entity174 were associated with worse @entity1353 burden (3.4 units; 95% CI, 1.0-5.9), MMRC score (0.4 units; 95% CI, 0.0-0.8), and SF-36 Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, Role-Emotional, and Physical Component Summary scores (-4 units [95% CI, -8 to 0], -5 units [95% CI, -8 to -1], -4 units [95% CI, -8 to 0], and -4 units [95% CI, -7 to -1], respectively). CONCLUSION: The overall anatomic severity of @entity764 does not predict @entity1109 60 days after injury, but it does predict increased @entity1 perceptions of @entity158 and physical function limitations. @entity174 predict both persistent respiratory symptoms and perception of decreased overall health. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level III.

title: Characteristics of XXXX that predict @entity358 : A secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fractured ribs', 'Lower rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['worse dyspnea symptoms']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest wall injury', 'chest wall injuries']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['postrecovery pulmonary symptoms']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'thoracic trauma']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest wall injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity130 is common, little is known about which factors lead to poor functional outcomes. We sought to determine which characteristics of @entity764 predict @entity358 or health-related quality of life. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial involving @entity1 with @entity764 at a Level I @entity130 center between December 2007 and July 2012. We evaluated the overall severity of the @entity764 -characterized primarily by the number of @entity174 -and rib @entity174 location (upper, middle, and lower; anterior, lateral, and posterior) as predictors of @entity1 -reported outcomes 60 days after injury: @entity1353 burden (0-40), Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (MMRC) (0-4), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and normalized Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) scores. RESULTS: Of 189 evaluable subjects, the mean (SD) number of @entity174 was 5 (4). The number of @entity174 was not associated with @entity1353 burden, MMRC, or SGRQ scores. After adjustment for confounders, each additional fractured rib was associated with worse SF-36 Physical Functioning and Bodily @entity158 scores (-0.6 units [95% confidence interval (CI), -1.1 to 0.0] and -0.8 units [95% CI, -1.3 to -0.2], respectively). @entity174 were associated with worse @entity1353 burden (3.4 units; 95% CI, 1.0-5.9), MMRC score (0.4 units; 95% CI, 0.0-0.8), and SF-36 Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, Role-Emotional, and Physical Component Summary scores (-4 units [95% CI, -8 to 0], -5 units [95% CI, -8 to -1], -4 units [95% CI, -8 to 0], and -4 units [95% CI, -7 to -1], respectively). CONCLUSION: The overall anatomic severity of @entity764 does not predict @entity1109 60 days after injury, but it does predict increased @entity1 perceptions of @entity158 and physical function limitations. @entity174 predict both persistent respiratory symptoms and perception of decreased overall health. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level III.

title: Characteristics of @entity764 that predict XXXX : A secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['postrecovery pulmonary symptoms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of T2W-SPACE technique in early detection of @entity2360 , the signal evolutions of degenerated corticospinal tract (CST) on T2W-SPACE, and their underlying pathological changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity2360 model of the CST was established in 23 @entity468 through excision of cortical origins of the tract. Eight @entity468 were scanned with the T2W-SPACE technique at 8 sequential time points, i.e. 0 (before modeling), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20 and 30 days after modeling, and then they were pathologically examined. The remaining 15 @entity468 (3 per group) also underwent pathological examination at 2, 4, 6, 10 and 20 days after modeling, respectively. The ratios of @entity18906 signal intensity (rT2s) between the affected and unaffected sides of CST were analyzed. RESULTS: During the first 4 days, SPACE could not detect any significant changes of the affected CST, although @entity528 was pathologically observed at the second day. From 6 to 10 days, the rT2s decreased monotonously, which is corresponded to histological findings of @entity17 and phagocyte proliferation. From 10 to 20 days, @entity18906 s kept relatively stable at a low level and started to recover after that; the pathological changes of this period was characterized by marked phagocytizing activities. CONCLUSION: SPACE technique can detect @entity6441 at an early stage, and the signal evolution is consistent with the pathological processes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1134-1143.

title: Longitudinal three-dimensional-T2WI-SPACE study on XXXX in cat corticospinal tract and underlying pathology changes.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['myelin degeneration']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity6441 :: (MESH:D014855,Disease) :: ['wallerian degeneration']


abstract: Abnormalities of chromosomes 11 and 17 have been widely reported in invasive @entity0 . Interphase cytogenetics using pericentromeric repeat probes allows the evaluation of numerical chromosomal aberrations in @entity5 cell populations. We have developed a method for interphase cytogenetics on fine needle aspirates taken from @entity0 and have applied it to the analysis of chromosomes 11 and 17 in 49 cases of invasive @entity420 . Frequency distributions of signal number were generated for each case and no correlation was found between modal signal number and @entity5 size at presentation, nodal status or @entity5 differentiation. In 14 cases, two copies of each of chromosomes 11 and 17 were present, and in 14, the number of chromosomes 11 and 17 were equal but abnormal. In 14 cases, the chromosome 11 number was greater than chromosome 17 and in 7 cases, the chromosome 17 number was greater than chromosome 11. Chromosome inequality correlated with the presence of lymph node @entity3 or disseminated disease at presentation and the absence of in situ @entity189 . There was no relationship with the presence of vascular invasion. These data suggest that numerical chromosome 11 and 17 imbalance may indicate the ability of @entity0 to @entity3 rather than invade vessels. The pattern of numerical @entity2008 described may define a subgroup of @entity5 with a greater tendency for @entity3 .

title: Correlation of numerical chromosome 11 and 17 imbalance with @entity3 of primary XXXX to lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'carcinoma of the breast', 'breast tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastasize']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormality']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Abnormalities of chromosomes 11 and 17 have been widely reported in invasive @entity0 . Interphase cytogenetics using pericentromeric repeat probes allows the evaluation of numerical chromosomal aberrations in @entity5 cell populations. We have developed a method for interphase cytogenetics on fine needle aspirates taken from @entity0 and have applied it to the analysis of chromosomes 11 and 17 in 49 cases of invasive @entity420 . Frequency distributions of signal number were generated for each case and no correlation was found between modal signal number and @entity5 size at presentation, nodal status or @entity5 differentiation. In 14 cases, two copies of each of chromosomes 11 and 17 were present, and in 14, the number of chromosomes 11 and 17 were equal but abnormal. In 14 cases, the chromosome 11 number was greater than chromosome 17 and in 7 cases, the chromosome 17 number was greater than chromosome 11. Chromosome inequality correlated with the presence of lymph node @entity3 or disseminated disease at presentation and the absence of in situ @entity189 . There was no relationship with the presence of vascular invasion. These data suggest that numerical chromosome 11 and 17 imbalance may indicate the ability of @entity0 to @entity3 rather than invade vessels. The pattern of numerical @entity2008 described may define a subgroup of @entity5 with a greater tendency for @entity3 .

title: Correlation of numerical chromosome 11 and 17 imbalance with XXXX of primary @entity0 to lymph nodes.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5325 ( @entity5325 ) results from leaks developing in the dura mater. The major symptom is @entity10 which gradually disappears after lying down. Lumbar epidural blood patches (EBPs) can be effective in relieving @entity10 , however, thoracic and cervical EBPs have also been applied to alleviate the symptoms. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Retrospective collection of the main characteristics of @entity5325 , site and amount of blood injection, and clinical outcomes of 18 @entity1 who underwent thoracic EBPs for intractable @entity5325 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series RESULTS: All thoracic autologous EBPs except 3 were performed in the sitting position. @entity1 undergoing epidural puncture at lower thoracic levels (T10-T12) received 25 mL of autologous blood, 15 mL and 18 mL were injected at spinal segments T5-T7 (mid-thoracic) and T2-T4 (upper- thoracic), respectively. @entity1514 EBPs did not lead to immediate resolution of symptoms in 3 of 18 @entity1 ; one of them underwent early repetition with complete @entity10 relief, one refused a second @entity32799 , and one experienced partial resolution, followed by a recurrence, and then satisfactory improvement with a second high thoracic @entity32799 . In long-term follow-up only 2 @entity1 complained of symptoms or relapses. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective nature of the case series, single center experience. CONCLUSIONS: Performing thoracic-targeted EBPs as the preferred approach theoretically improves results with respect to those observed with lumbar EBPs. The immediate response was comparable with that of other reports, but the long-term success rate (90%) turned out to be very effective in terms of both quality of @entity10 relief and very low incidence of recurrence. KEY WORDS: Central @entity158 , @entity5173 , @entity2794 , @entity551 , epidural blood patch, @entity10 .

title: @entity1514 Epidural Blood Patches in the Treatment of XXXX : A Retrospective Case Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5325 :: ('MESH:D019585', 'Disease') :: ['SIH', 'Spontaneous intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['headache disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic headache', 'occipital headache', 'headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['low intracranial pressure syndrome']

answer: @entity5325 :: (MESH:D019585,Disease) :: ['Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5325 ( @entity5325 ) results from leaks developing in the dura mater. The major symptom is @entity10 which gradually disappears after lying down. Lumbar epidural blood patches (EBPs) can be effective in relieving @entity10 , however, thoracic and cervical EBPs have also been applied to alleviate the symptoms. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Retrospective collection of the main characteristics of @entity5325 , site and amount of blood injection, and clinical outcomes of 18 @entity1 who underwent thoracic EBPs for intractable @entity5325 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series RESULTS: All thoracic autologous EBPs except 3 were performed in the sitting position. @entity1 undergoing epidural puncture at lower thoracic levels (T10-T12) received 25 mL of autologous blood, 15 mL and 18 mL were injected at spinal segments T5-T7 (mid-thoracic) and T2-T4 (upper- thoracic), respectively. @entity1514 EBPs did not lead to immediate resolution of symptoms in 3 of 18 @entity1 ; one of them underwent early repetition with complete @entity10 relief, one refused a second @entity32799 , and one experienced partial resolution, followed by a recurrence, and then satisfactory improvement with a second high thoracic @entity32799 . In long-term follow-up only 2 @entity1 complained of symptoms or relapses. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective nature of the case series, single center experience. CONCLUSIONS: Performing thoracic-targeted EBPs as the preferred approach theoretically improves results with respect to those observed with lumbar EBPs. The immediate response was comparable with that of other reports, but the long-term success rate (90%) turned out to be very effective in terms of both quality of @entity10 relief and very low incidence of recurrence. KEY WORDS: Central @entity158 , @entity5173 , @entity2794 , @entity551 , epidural blood patch, @entity10 .

title: XXXX Epidural Blood Patches in the Treatment of @entity5325 : A Retrospective Case Series.

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['Thoracic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to compare the single-isocenter, four-field hybrid IMRT with the two-isocenter techniques to treat the whole breast and supraclavicular fields and to investigate the intrafraction motions in both techniques in the superior direction. Fifteen @entity0 @entity1 who underwent lumpectomy and adjuvant radiation to the whole breast and supraclavicular ( @entity6723 ) fossa at our institution were selected for this study. Two planning techniques were compared for the treatment of the breast and @entity6723 lymph nodes. The @entity1 were divided into three subgroups according to the whole breast volume. For the two-isocenter technique, conventional wedged or @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) were used to match with the same anterior field for the @entity6723 region. For the single-isocenter technique, four-field hybrid IMRT was used for the tangent fields matched with a half blocked anterior field for the @entity6723 region. To simulate the intrafraction uncertainties in the longitudinal direction for both techniques, the treatment isocenters were shifted by 1 mm and 2 mm in the superior direction. The average breast clinical @entity5 volume (CTV) receiving 100% (V100%) of the prescription dose (50 Gy) was 99.3%    0.5% and 96.4%    1.2% for the for two-isocenter and single-isocenter plans (   < 0.05), respectively. The breast CTV receiving 95% of the prescription dose (V95%) was close to 100% in both techniques. The average breast CTV receiving 105% (V105%) of the prescription dose was 32.4%    19.3% and 23.8%    13.3% (   = 0.08). The percentage volume of the breast CTV receiving 110% of the dose was 0.4%    1.2% in the two-isocentric technique vs. 0.1%    0.2% in the single-isocentric technique. The average uniformity index was 0.91    0.02 vs. 0.91    0.01 in both techniques (p = 0.04), but had no clinical impact. The percentage volume of the contralateral breast receiving a dose of 1 Gy was less than 2.3% in small breast @entity1 and insignificant for medium and large breast sizes. The percentage of the total lung volume receiving > 20 Gy (V20Gy) and the heart receiving > 30 Gy (V30Gy) were 13.6% vs. 14.3% (   = 0.03) and 1.25% vs. 1.2% (   = 0.62), respectively. Shifting the treatment isocenter by 1 mm and 2 mm superiorly showed that the average maximum dose to 1 cc of the breast volume was 55.5    1.8 Gy and 58.6    4.3 Gy in the two-isocentric technique vs. 56.4    2.1 Gy and 59.1    5.1 Gy in the single-isocentric technique (   = 0.46, 0.87), respectively. The single-isocenter technique using four-field hybrid IMRT approach resulted in comparable plan quality as the two-isocentric technique. The single-isocenter technique is more sensitive to intra-fraction motion in the superior direction compared to the two-isocentric technique. The advantages of the single-isocenter include elimination of @entity2246 due to couch and collimator rotations and reduction in treatment time. This study supports consideration of a single-isocenter four-field hybrid IMRT technique for @entity1 undergoing breast and supraclavicular nodal irradiation.

title: Single-isocenter hybrid IMRT plans versus two-isocenter conventional plans and impact of intrafraction motion for the treatment of XXXX with supraclavicular lymph nodes involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['field-within-a-field tangents', 'FIF']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['isocentric errors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity73 follows @entity1374 during the neonatal period. The role of @entity842 (NO) in learning and memory has been widely investigated. METHODS: This study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity1375 during neonatal and juvenile periods on NO metabolites in the hippocampi of @entity35 and on learning and memory. Animals were divided into two groups and treated for 60 days from the first day of lactation. The control group received regular water, whereas animals in a separate group were given water supplemented with 0.03% @entity3937 to induce @entity1375 . Male offspring were selected and tested in the Morris water maze. Samples of blood were collected to measure the metabolites of NO, @entity6836 , @entity8326 and @entity1955 . The animals were then sacrificed, and their hippocampi were removed to measure the tissue concentrations of @entity6836 and @entity8326 . DISCUSSION: Compared to the control group's offspring, serum @entity1955 levels in the @entity3937 group's offspring were significantly lower (P<0.01). In addition, the swim distance and time latency were significantly higher in the @entity3937 group (P<0.001), and the time spent by this group in the target quadrant (Q1) during the probe trial was significantly lower (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the plasma levels of NO metabolites between the two groups; however, significantly higher NO metabolite levels in the hippocampi of the @entity3937 group were observed compared to controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the increased NO level in the hippocampus may play a role in the learning and @entity2414 observed in childhood @entity1375 ; however, the precise underlying mechanism(s) remains to be elucidated.

title: @entity842 contributes to learning and XXXX observed in @entity1375 @entity35 during neonatal and juvenile growth.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid hormone deficiency']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory deficits']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity73 follows @entity1374 during the neonatal period. The role of @entity842 (NO) in learning and memory has been widely investigated. METHODS: This study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity1375 during neonatal and juvenile periods on NO metabolites in the hippocampi of @entity35 and on learning and memory. Animals were divided into two groups and treated for 60 days from the first day of lactation. The control group received regular water, whereas animals in a separate group were given water supplemented with 0.03% @entity3937 to induce @entity1375 . Male offspring were selected and tested in the Morris water maze. Samples of blood were collected to measure the metabolites of NO, @entity6836 , @entity8326 and @entity1955 . The animals were then sacrificed, and their hippocampi were removed to measure the tissue concentrations of @entity6836 and @entity8326 . DISCUSSION: Compared to the control group's offspring, serum @entity1955 levels in the @entity3937 group's offspring were significantly lower (P<0.01). In addition, the swim distance and time latency were significantly higher in the @entity3937 group (P<0.001), and the time spent by this group in the target quadrant (Q1) during the probe trial was significantly lower (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the plasma levels of NO metabolites between the two groups; however, significantly higher NO metabolite levels in the hippocampi of the @entity3937 group were observed compared to controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the increased NO level in the hippocampus may play a role in the learning and @entity2414 observed in childhood @entity1375 ; however, the precise underlying mechanism(s) remains to be elucidated.

title: XXXX contributes to learning and @entity2414 observed in @entity1375 @entity35 during neonatal and juvenile growth.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity73 follows @entity1374 during the neonatal period. The role of @entity842 (NO) in learning and memory has been widely investigated. METHODS: This study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity1375 during neonatal and juvenile periods on NO metabolites in the hippocampi of @entity35 and on learning and memory. Animals were divided into two groups and treated for 60 days from the first day of lactation. The control group received regular water, whereas animals in a separate group were given water supplemented with 0.03% @entity3937 to induce @entity1375 . Male offspring were selected and tested in the Morris water maze. Samples of blood were collected to measure the metabolites of NO, @entity6836 , @entity8326 and @entity1955 . The animals were then sacrificed, and their hippocampi were removed to measure the tissue concentrations of @entity6836 and @entity8326 . DISCUSSION: Compared to the control group's offspring, serum @entity1955 levels in the @entity3937 group's offspring were significantly lower (P<0.01). In addition, the swim distance and time latency were significantly higher in the @entity3937 group (P<0.001), and the time spent by this group in the target quadrant (Q1) during the probe trial was significantly lower (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the plasma levels of NO metabolites between the two groups; however, significantly higher NO metabolite levels in the hippocampi of the @entity3937 group were observed compared to controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the increased NO level in the hippocampus may play a role in the learning and @entity2414 observed in childhood @entity1375 ; however, the precise underlying mechanism(s) remains to be elucidated.

title: @entity842 contributes to learning and @entity2414 observed in XXXX @entity35 during neonatal and juvenile growth.

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity73 follows @entity1374 during the neonatal period. The role of @entity842 (NO) in learning and memory has been widely investigated. METHODS: This study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity1375 during neonatal and juvenile periods on NO metabolites in the hippocampi of @entity35 and on learning and memory. Animals were divided into two groups and treated for 60 days from the first day of lactation. The control group received regular water, whereas animals in a separate group were given water supplemented with 0.03% @entity3937 to induce @entity1375 . Male offspring were selected and tested in the Morris water maze. Samples of blood were collected to measure the metabolites of NO, @entity6836 , @entity8326 and @entity1955 . The animals were then sacrificed, and their hippocampi were removed to measure the tissue concentrations of @entity6836 and @entity8326 . DISCUSSION: Compared to the control group's offspring, serum @entity1955 levels in the @entity3937 group's offspring were significantly lower (P<0.01). In addition, the swim distance and time latency were significantly higher in the @entity3937 group (P<0.001), and the time spent by this group in the target quadrant (Q1) during the probe trial was significantly lower (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the plasma levels of NO metabolites between the two groups; however, significantly higher NO metabolite levels in the hippocampi of the @entity3937 group were observed compared to controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the increased NO level in the hippocampus may play a role in the learning and @entity2414 observed in childhood @entity1375 ; however, the precise underlying mechanism(s) remains to be elucidated.

title: @entity842 contributes to learning and @entity2414 observed in @entity1375 XXXX during neonatal and juvenile growth.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1360 stimulated membrane-associated protein kinase Cs (PKCs) activity in C6 @entity35 @entity11 cells as much as the potent PKCs stimulator @entity864 ( @entity865 ). However, while @entity865 , as expected, powerfully stimulated the phosphorylation of the PKCs' 85-kDa myristoylated @entity493 -rich protein kinase C substrate ( @entity28422 ) protein, @entity1360 unexpectedly did not. Instead, @entity1360 reduced the basal @entity28422 phosphorylation. Pretreating the @entity11 cells with @entity1360 prevented @entity865 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating the @entity28422 protein. The stimulation of membrane PKCs activity and the prevention of @entity28422 phosphorylation by @entity1360 required external @entity141 because they were both abolished by adding 5 mM @entity4527 to the culture medium. Recently (Chakravarthy, B. R., Isaacs, R. J., Morley, P., Durkin, J. P., and Whitfield, J. F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1362-1368), we proposed that @entity141 x calmodulin complexes block @entity28422 phosphorylation by the activated PKCs in keratinocytes stimulated by raising the external @entity141 concentration. In the present experiments calmodulin prevented @entity28422 phosphorylation by @entity865 -stimulated PKCs in @entity11 cell lysates, and this blockade was lifted by a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin-binding domain peptide. But, physiologically more significant, pretreating intact @entity11 cells with a cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist, @entity6106 , prevented @entity1360 from blocking @entity28422 phosphorylation by PKCs in unstimulated and @entity865 -stimulated cells. The effect of @entity1360 on @entity28422 phosphorylation was not due to the stimulation of @entity141 x calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase, calcineurin, because @entity205 , a potent inhibitor of this phosphatase, did not stop @entity1360 from preventing @entity28422 phosphorylation. The ability of @entity1360 to prevent @entity865 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating @entity28422 depended on whether @entity1360 was added before, with, or after @entity865 . Maximum blockade occurred when @entity1360 was added before @entity865 but was less effective when added with or after @entity865 . These results indicate that @entity141 x calmodulin can profoundly affect PKCs' signaling at the substrate level.

title: @entity141 x calmodulin prevents myristoylated XXXX -rich kinase C substrate protein phosphorylation by protein kinase Cs in C6 @entity35 @entity11 cells.

entities_list: @entity6106 :: ('MESH:C031938', 'Chemical') :: ['calmidazolium']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['Ionomycin', 'ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity493 :: (CHEBI:16449,Chemical) :: ['alanine']


abstract: @entity1360 stimulated membrane-associated protein kinase Cs (PKCs) activity in C6 @entity35 @entity11 cells as much as the potent PKCs stimulator @entity864 ( @entity865 ). However, while @entity865 , as expected, powerfully stimulated the phosphorylation of the PKCs' 85-kDa myristoylated @entity493 -rich protein kinase C substrate ( @entity28422 ) protein, @entity1360 unexpectedly did not. Instead, @entity1360 reduced the basal @entity28422 phosphorylation. Pretreating the @entity11 cells with @entity1360 prevented @entity865 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating the @entity28422 protein. The stimulation of membrane PKCs activity and the prevention of @entity28422 phosphorylation by @entity1360 required external @entity141 because they were both abolished by adding 5 mM @entity4527 to the culture medium. Recently (Chakravarthy, B. R., Isaacs, R. J., Morley, P., Durkin, J. P., and Whitfield, J. F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1362-1368), we proposed that @entity141 x calmodulin complexes block @entity28422 phosphorylation by the activated PKCs in keratinocytes stimulated by raising the external @entity141 concentration. In the present experiments calmodulin prevented @entity28422 phosphorylation by @entity865 -stimulated PKCs in @entity11 cell lysates, and this blockade was lifted by a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin-binding domain peptide. But, physiologically more significant, pretreating intact @entity11 cells with a cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist, @entity6106 , prevented @entity1360 from blocking @entity28422 phosphorylation by PKCs in unstimulated and @entity865 -stimulated cells. The effect of @entity1360 on @entity28422 phosphorylation was not due to the stimulation of @entity141 x calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase, calcineurin, because @entity205 , a potent inhibitor of this phosphatase, did not stop @entity1360 from preventing @entity28422 phosphorylation. The ability of @entity1360 to prevent @entity865 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating @entity28422 depended on whether @entity1360 was added before, with, or after @entity865 . Maximum blockade occurred when @entity1360 was added before @entity865 but was less effective when added with or after @entity865 . These results indicate that @entity141 x calmodulin can profoundly affect PKCs' signaling at the substrate level.

title: XXXX x calmodulin prevents myristoylated @entity493 -rich kinase C substrate protein phosphorylation by protein kinase Cs in C6 @entity35 @entity11 cells.

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: @entity1360 stimulated membrane-associated protein kinase Cs (PKCs) activity in C6 @entity35 @entity11 cells as much as the potent PKCs stimulator @entity864 ( @entity865 ). However, while @entity865 , as expected, powerfully stimulated the phosphorylation of the PKCs' 85-kDa myristoylated @entity493 -rich protein kinase C substrate ( @entity28422 ) protein, @entity1360 unexpectedly did not. Instead, @entity1360 reduced the basal @entity28422 phosphorylation. Pretreating the @entity11 cells with @entity1360 prevented @entity865 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating the @entity28422 protein. The stimulation of membrane PKCs activity and the prevention of @entity28422 phosphorylation by @entity1360 required external @entity141 because they were both abolished by adding 5 mM @entity4527 to the culture medium. Recently (Chakravarthy, B. R., Isaacs, R. J., Morley, P., Durkin, J. P., and Whitfield, J. F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1362-1368), we proposed that @entity141 x calmodulin complexes block @entity28422 phosphorylation by the activated PKCs in keratinocytes stimulated by raising the external @entity141 concentration. In the present experiments calmodulin prevented @entity28422 phosphorylation by @entity865 -stimulated PKCs in @entity11 cell lysates, and this blockade was lifted by a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin-binding domain peptide. But, physiologically more significant, pretreating intact @entity11 cells with a cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist, @entity6106 , prevented @entity1360 from blocking @entity28422 phosphorylation by PKCs in unstimulated and @entity865 -stimulated cells. The effect of @entity1360 on @entity28422 phosphorylation was not due to the stimulation of @entity141 x calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase, calcineurin, because @entity205 , a potent inhibitor of this phosphatase, did not stop @entity1360 from preventing @entity28422 phosphorylation. The ability of @entity1360 to prevent @entity865 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating @entity28422 depended on whether @entity1360 was added before, with, or after @entity865 . Maximum blockade occurred when @entity1360 was added before @entity865 but was less effective when added with or after @entity865 . These results indicate that @entity141 x calmodulin can profoundly affect PKCs' signaling at the substrate level.

title: @entity141 x calmodulin prevents myristoylated @entity493 -rich kinase C substrate protein phosphorylation by protein kinase Cs in C6 @entity35 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: @entity1360 stimulated membrane-associated protein kinase Cs (PKCs) activity in C6 @entity35 @entity11 cells as much as the potent PKCs stimulator @entity864 ( @entity865 ). However, while @entity865 , as expected, powerfully stimulated the phosphorylation of the PKCs' 85-kDa myristoylated @entity493 -rich protein kinase C substrate ( @entity28422 ) protein, @entity1360 unexpectedly did not. Instead, @entity1360 reduced the basal @entity28422 phosphorylation. Pretreating the @entity11 cells with @entity1360 prevented @entity865 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating the @entity28422 protein. The stimulation of membrane PKCs activity and the prevention of @entity28422 phosphorylation by @entity1360 required external @entity141 because they were both abolished by adding 5 mM @entity4527 to the culture medium. Recently (Chakravarthy, B. R., Isaacs, R. J., Morley, P., Durkin, J. P., and Whitfield, J. F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1362-1368), we proposed that @entity141 x calmodulin complexes block @entity28422 phosphorylation by the activated PKCs in keratinocytes stimulated by raising the external @entity141 concentration. In the present experiments calmodulin prevented @entity28422 phosphorylation by @entity865 -stimulated PKCs in @entity11 cell lysates, and this blockade was lifted by a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin-binding domain peptide. But, physiologically more significant, pretreating intact @entity11 cells with a cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist, @entity6106 , prevented @entity1360 from blocking @entity28422 phosphorylation by PKCs in unstimulated and @entity865 -stimulated cells. The effect of @entity1360 on @entity28422 phosphorylation was not due to the stimulation of @entity141 x calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase, calcineurin, because @entity205 , a potent inhibitor of this phosphatase, did not stop @entity1360 from preventing @entity28422 phosphorylation. The ability of @entity1360 to prevent @entity865 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating @entity28422 depended on whether @entity1360 was added before, with, or after @entity865 . Maximum blockade occurred when @entity1360 was added before @entity865 but was less effective when added with or after @entity865 . These results indicate that @entity141 x calmodulin can profoundly affect PKCs' signaling at the substrate level.

title: @entity141 x calmodulin prevents myristoylated @entity493 -rich kinase C substrate protein phosphorylation by protein kinase Cs in C6 XXXX @entity11 cells.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the efficacy of a novel intraoperative diagnostic technique for @entity1 with preliminary diagnosis of @entity788 ( @entity788 ). METHODS: @entity1 with pancreatic surgery were reviewed to identify those who received a preliminary diagnosis of @entity788 between January 2010 and January 2014. The following data were collected prospectively for @entity1 with a pathological diagnosis of @entity788 : clinical and demographic features, radiological and operative findings, treatment procedure, and intraoperative capillary refill time (CRT) in the pancreatic bed. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (six males, two females; mean age: 51.4 years) met the eligibility criteria of pathologically confirmed diagnosis. The most frequent presenting symptoms were @entity158 and @entity353 . The most commonly conducted preoperative imaging studies were computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde pancreaticodoudenography. The most common intraoperative macroscopic observations were mass formation in the pancreatic head and diffuse hypervascularization in the pancreatic bed. All @entity1 showed decreased CRT (median value: 0.76 s, range: 0.58-1.35). One-half of the @entity1 underwent surgical resection and the other half received medical treatment without any further surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study demonstrates a novel experience with measurement of CRT in the pancreatic bed during the intraoperative evaluation of @entity1 with @entity788 .

title: Capillary refill time as a guide for operational decision-making process of XXXX : Preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis', 'AIP']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer of the prostate a worldwide public health concern. It is the most commonly diagnosed @entity5 in @entity1 and ranked second as the cause of @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the awareness and attitude of the populace to screening for @entity263 . METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study involving 156 respondents. A structured questionnaire detailing the biodata, the knowledge of @entity263 , the practice of screening by @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) estimation and the readiness to undergo screening by the respondent was used to obtain the set-out objectives. RESULTS: A total of 156 respondents completed the questionnaire and forms the basis of further analysis. The mean age of the respondents is 44.15 (+/- 11.9) years. Majority of the respondents were civil servant (51.9%) followed closely by politicians. About 23.1% of them have no formal education while 53.8% have acquired tertiary education. The result shows that 78.8% have never heard any information on @entity263 and only 5.8% have heard about @entity1486 . None of the respondents have ever had @entity1486 test done, even once. Eighty four per cent of the respondents are ready to pay for @entity263 screening test by @entity1486 assay. CONCLUSION: We conclude that there was remarkable lack of awareness of @entity263 among the Nigerian native African urban populace. @entity263 screening and serum @entity1486 test for screening is globally unknown among them.

title: Knowledge of XXXX screening among native African urban population in Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer', 'cancer of prostate', 'cancer of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Objective   To identify clinicopathologic factors associated with a reduced @entity5529 ( @entity5529 ) and subgroups at risk for internal carotid @entity1317 during transsphenoidal surgery. Design   A retrospective case-control study. Setting   This study was conducted at the McGill University Health Centre, a university-affiliated tertiary care center. @entity1   @entity1 with a sellar or parasellar @entity5 and nontumor controls were included in the study. Main Outcome Measures   The smallest distance between the internal carotid arteries at the clival, cavernous, and paraclinoid segments on coronal magnetic resonance imaging was measured. Demographic profiles, cephalometric measurements, @entity5 dimensions, and sphenoid configuration were assessed as potential determinants of the @entity5529 . Results   A total of 212 cases and 34 controls were analyzed. Widening of the @entity5529 at the three segments of the internal carotid arteries was found in @entity1 with @entity4611 (p   <   0.01). @entity1 with a growth hormone-secreting @entity652 had a markedly reduced @entity5529 at the clivus compared with controls (1.59 cm versus 1.77 cm; p   =   0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.32). The paraclinoid @entity5529 was reduced in @entity1 with an @entity1653 (1.24 cm versus 1.33 cm; p   =   0.04; 95% CI, 0.01-0.45). Conclusion   Identifying clinicopathologic factors affecting the @entity5529 can help surgeons recognize constraints to endoscopic access of the skull base and avoid inadvertent @entity1317 .

title: Indicators of a Reduced Intercarotid Artery Distance in XXXX Undergoing Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5529 :: ('MESH:C535290', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'intercarotid distance']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['anterior fossa meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injury', 'arterial injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a family pedigree with a previously undescribed association of autosomal dominantly @entity2788 . METHODS: Case series study performed on 15 family members. Examination included history taking, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp, gonioscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy (10 members), @entity941 angiography (5 members), general examination and renal ultrasound (4 members), and hemoglobin electrophoresis for the proband and another member. RESULTS: Family pedigree revealed @entity74 . Visual acuity ranged from 6/36 to no light perception. Examination revealed @entity735 and @entity5066 bulbi in 11 eyes. Indirect ophthalmoscopy for 11 eyes revealed evidence of an ocular triad of peripheral @entity2530 , disk anomaly (cavitary @entity1781 or @entity1797 ), and tessellated fundus of @entity1714 . The authors also observed new vessels elsewhere with or without extensive subretinal exudations in 6 eyes. All @entity1 with any residual vision (up to perception of light) had @entity346 . Four affected members underwent general examination, renal ultrasound, and serum @entity1011 level (to exclude @entity18241 ), and all were normal. Hemoglobin electrophoresis (to exclude @entity3458 ) revealed within normal values. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, the aforementioned ocular triad has not been previously described, in association, with an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance.

title: PERIPHERAL AVASCULAR RETINA WITH DISK ANOMALY AND HIGH MYOPIA: A Novel Association in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disk dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity18241 :: ('MESH:C537168', 'Disease') :: ['papillorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['rubeosis in 7 eyes']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['inherited ocular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic disk anomaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant inheritance']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular retina']

answer: @entity2788 :: (MESH:D015785,Disease) :: ['Hereditary Isolated Ocular Disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combining risk factors for @entity263 into a predictive tool may improve the detection of @entity263 while decreasing the number of benign biopsies. We compare one such tool, age multiplied by prostate volume divided by total serum PSA (PSA-AV) with PSA density and detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells (CPCs) in a @entity263 screening program. The objectives were not only to determine the predictive values of each, but to determine the number of clinically significant @entity5 that would have been detected or missed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted of all @entity1 undergoing 12 core ultrasound guided prostate biopsy for suspicion of @entity5 attending the Hospital DIPRECA and Hospital de Carabineros de Chile. Total serum PSA was registered, prostate volumecalculated at the moment of biopsy, and an 8 ml blood simple taken immediately before the biopsy procedure. Mononuclear cells were obtained from the blood simple using differential gel centrifugation and CPCs identified using immunocytchemistry with anti- PSA and anti- @entity12877 . Biopsy results were classed as positive or negative for @entity5 and if positive the Gleason score, number of positive cores and percent infiltration recorded. RESULTS: A total of 664 @entity1 participated, of whom 234 (35.2%) had @entity5 detected. They were older, had higher mean PSA, PSA density and lower PSA-AV. Detection of CPCs had high predictive score, sensitivity, sensibility and positive and negative predictive values, PSA-AV was not significantly different from PSA density in this population. The use of CPC detection avoided more biopsies and missed fewer significant @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In this screening population the use of CPC detection predicted the presence of clinically significant @entity263 better than the other parameters. The high negative predictive value would allow @entity1 CPC negative to avoid biopsy but remain in follow up. The formula PSA-AV did not add to the predictive performance using PSA density.

title: Comparison of the Formula of PSA, Age, Prostate Volume and Race Versus PSA Density and the Detection of Primary Malignant Circulating Prostate Cells in Predicting a Positive Initial Prostate Biopsy in Chilean @entity1 with Suspicion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Chilean prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combining risk factors for @entity263 into a predictive tool may improve the detection of @entity263 while decreasing the number of benign biopsies. We compare one such tool, age multiplied by prostate volume divided by total serum PSA (PSA-AV) with PSA density and detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells (CPCs) in a @entity263 screening program. The objectives were not only to determine the predictive values of each, but to determine the number of clinically significant @entity5 that would have been detected or missed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted of all @entity1 undergoing 12 core ultrasound guided prostate biopsy for suspicion of @entity5 attending the Hospital DIPRECA and Hospital de Carabineros de Chile. Total serum PSA was registered, prostate volumecalculated at the moment of biopsy, and an 8 ml blood simple taken immediately before the biopsy procedure. Mononuclear cells were obtained from the blood simple using differential gel centrifugation and CPCs identified using immunocytchemistry with anti- PSA and anti- @entity12877 . Biopsy results were classed as positive or negative for @entity5 and if positive the Gleason score, number of positive cores and percent infiltration recorded. RESULTS: A total of 664 @entity1 participated, of whom 234 (35.2%) had @entity5 detected. They were older, had higher mean PSA, PSA density and lower PSA-AV. Detection of CPCs had high predictive score, sensitivity, sensibility and positive and negative predictive values, PSA-AV was not significantly different from PSA density in this population. The use of CPC detection avoided more biopsies and missed fewer significant @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In this screening population the use of CPC detection predicted the presence of clinically significant @entity263 better than the other parameters. The high negative predictive value would allow @entity1 CPC negative to avoid biopsy but remain in follow up. The formula PSA-AV did not add to the predictive performance using PSA density.

title: Comparison of the Formula of PSA, Age, Prostate Volume and Race Versus PSA Density and the Detection of Primary Malignant Circulating Prostate Cells in Predicting a Positive Initial Prostate Biopsy in Chilean XXXX with Suspicion of @entity263 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The validity of equations for the calculation of resting metabolic rate (RMR) were studied and new predictive equations were developed. STUDY DESIGN: The RMR was measured in a sample of 371 10- to 16-year-old prepubertal and postpubertal @entity1 . The study group included 193 male (116 nonobese and 77 @entity28 ) and 178 female (119 nonobese and 59 @entity28 ) subjects; for each group the RMRs predicted from five equations recommended for this age group were compared. The RMR was assessed by indirect calorimetry with a ventilated hood system for 45 minutes after an overnight fast. Body composition was estimated from skin-fold measurements. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD RMR was found to be 5600 +/- 972 kJ/24 hr and 7223 +/- 1220 kJ/24 hr in nonobese and @entity28 @entity1 , and 5112 +/- 632 kJ/24 hr and 6665 +/- 1106 kJ/24 hr in nonobese and @entity28 @entity1 , respectively. All five equations applicable to 10- to 16-year-old @entity1 overestimated RMR by 7.5% to 18.1% (p < 0.001 for each equation). Stepwise regression analysis, with independent variables such as age, weight, height, and gender, allowed development of new predictive equations for the calculation of RMR in 10- to 16-year-old @entity1 (RMR = 50.9 Weight (kg) + 25.3 Height (cm) -50.3 Age (yr) + 26.9; R2 = 0.884, p < 0.0001) and @entity1 (RMR = 51.2 Weight (kg) + 24.5 Height (cm) - 207.5 Age (yr) + 1629.8; R2 = 0.824, p < 0.0001). These predictive equations were tested in a second, independent cohort of @entity1 (80 male and 61 female subject) and were found to give a reliable estimate of RMR in 10- to 16-year-old @entity28 and nonobese adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The currently used predictive equations overestimate RMR in 10- to 16-year-old @entity1 . The use of the newly developed equations is recommended.

title: Measured and predicted resting metabolic rate in XXXX and nonobese adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['boys', 'girls', 'children']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although most @entity3747 with hypomagenesemia in the neonatal period is due to transient @entity261 , @entity1760 channel defects should also be considered. CASE: We report a case of persistent @entity1272 in an 8-day-old Hispanic male who presented with generalized @entity410 . He was initially found to have @entity1272 , @entity3747 , @entity2265 and normal @entity461 . Serum @entity460 normalized with administration of @entity3873 and @entity4959 . Serum @entity1760 improved with oral @entity2399 . However, 1 week after @entity1760 was discontinued, serum @entity1760 declined to 0.5 mg/dL. @entity1760 supplementation was immediately restarted, and periodic @entity410 activity resolved after serum @entity1760 concentration was maintained above 0.9 mg/dL. The @entity1 was eventually weaned off oral @entity460 and @entity3873 with persistent normocalemia. However, supraphysiologic oral @entity1760 doses were necessary to prevent @entity410 and maintain serum @entity1760 at the low limit of normal. METHODS AND RESULTS: As his clinical presentation suggested primary renal @entity1760 wastage, @entity31566 gene mutations were suspected; subsequent genetic testing revealed the @entity1 to be compound heterozygous for @entity31566 mutations. CONCLUSION: Two novel @entity31566 mutations are described with a new geographic and ethnic origin. This case highlights the importance of recognizing disorders of @entity1760 imbalance and describing new genetic mutations.

title: @entity1272 due to two novel XXXX mutations.

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity31566 :: (140803,Gene) :: ['TRPM6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although most @entity3747 with hypomagenesemia in the neonatal period is due to transient @entity261 , @entity1760 channel defects should also be considered. CASE: We report a case of persistent @entity1272 in an 8-day-old Hispanic male who presented with generalized @entity410 . He was initially found to have @entity1272 , @entity3747 , @entity2265 and normal @entity461 . Serum @entity460 normalized with administration of @entity3873 and @entity4959 . Serum @entity1760 improved with oral @entity2399 . However, 1 week after @entity1760 was discontinued, serum @entity1760 declined to 0.5 mg/dL. @entity1760 supplementation was immediately restarted, and periodic @entity410 activity resolved after serum @entity1760 concentration was maintained above 0.9 mg/dL. The @entity1 was eventually weaned off oral @entity460 and @entity3873 with persistent normocalemia. However, supraphysiologic oral @entity1760 doses were necessary to prevent @entity410 and maintain serum @entity1760 at the low limit of normal. METHODS AND RESULTS: As his clinical presentation suggested primary renal @entity1760 wastage, @entity31566 gene mutations were suspected; subsequent genetic testing revealed the @entity1 to be compound heterozygous for @entity31566 mutations. CONCLUSION: Two novel @entity31566 mutations are described with a new geographic and ethnic origin. This case highlights the importance of recognizing disorders of @entity1760 imbalance and describing new genetic mutations.

title: XXXX due to two novel @entity31566 mutations.

answer: @entity1272 :: (MESH:C537153,Disease) :: ['Hypomagnesemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cost-effectiveness analyses provide insight in the use of lifestyle interventions. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention compared to usual care in @entity1 with @entity753 , 340 @entity1 with @entity753 were randomized to the intervention or control group. LDL @entity165 , quality of life and costs were measured at 0 and 12 months. Cost-effectiveness analyses were performed from a healthcare perspective using bootstrapping techniques. RESULTS: Non-significant decreases in LDL @entity165 and quality of life were found. The mean between-group difference in costs was    -237 (95% CI -1,386 to 130). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were 1,729 per 1 mmol/l LDL @entity165 and 145,899 per QALY gained. Assumed that the small non-significant decrease in LDL @entity165 is attributed to the intervention, the probability of cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared to usual care was 91% per 1 mmol/l LDL @entity165 reduction and 75% per QALY gained at a ceiling ratio of    20,000. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention is not cost-effective. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NTR1899, date 07-07-2009.

title: An economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial evaluating an individually tailored lifestyle intervention compared with usual care in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['Familial Hypercholesterolemia', 'FH']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cost-effectiveness analyses provide insight in the use of lifestyle interventions. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention compared to usual care in @entity1 with @entity753 , 340 @entity1 with @entity753 were randomized to the intervention or control group. LDL @entity165 , quality of life and costs were measured at 0 and 12 months. Cost-effectiveness analyses were performed from a healthcare perspective using bootstrapping techniques. RESULTS: Non-significant decreases in LDL @entity165 and quality of life were found. The mean between-group difference in costs was    -237 (95% CI -1,386 to 130). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were 1,729 per 1 mmol/l LDL @entity165 and 145,899 per QALY gained. Assumed that the small non-significant decrease in LDL @entity165 is attributed to the intervention, the probability of cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared to usual care was 91% per 1 mmol/l LDL @entity165 reduction and 75% per QALY gained at a ceiling ratio of    20,000. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention is not cost-effective. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NTR1899, date 07-07-2009.

title: An economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial evaluating an individually tailored lifestyle intervention compared with usual care in XXXX with @entity753 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Skeletal @entity121 typically result from traumatic incidents such as @entity130 where soft-tissue extremity @entity130 are present in one of four cases. Further, about 4.5 million reconstructive surgical procedures are performed annually as a result of car accidents, @entity5 ablation, or cosmetic procedures. These combat- and @entity130 -induced skeletal @entity121 are characterized by volumetric muscle loss (VML), which significantly reduces the functionality of the injured muscle. While skeletal muscle has an innate repair mechanism, it is unable to compensate for VML @entity130 because large amounts of tissue including connective tissue and basement membrane are removed or destroyed. This results in a significant need to develop off-the-shelf biomimetic scaffolds to direct skeletal muscle regeneration. Here, the structure and organization of native skeletal muscle tissue is described in order to reveal clear design parameters that are necessary for scaffolds to mimic in order to successfully regenerate muscular tissue. We review the literature with respect to the materials and methodologies used to develop scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration as well as the limitations of these materials. We further discuss the variety of cell sources and @entity130 models to provide some context for the multiple approaches used to evaluate these scaffold materials. Recent findings are highlighted to address the state of the field and directions are outlined for future strategies, both in scaffold design and in the use of @entity130 models to evaluate these materials, for regenerating functional skeletal muscle. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Volumetric muscle loss (VML) @entity130 result from traumatic incidents such as those presented from combat missions, where soft-tissue extremity @entity130 are represented in one of four cases. These @entity130 remove or destroy large amounts of skeletal muscle including the basement membrane and connective tissue, removing the structural, mechanical, and biochemical cues that usually direct its repair. This results in a significant need to develop off-the-shelf biomimetic scaffolds to direct skeletal muscle regeneration. In this review, we examine current strategies for the development of scaffold materials designed for skeletal muscle regeneration, highlighting advances and limitations associated with these methodologies. Finally, we identify future approaches to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration.

title: Biomimetic scaffolds for regeneration of volumetric muscle loss in skeletal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['different injury', 'injuries', 'combat injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Chemically modified surfaces were introduced during the last decade to improve indications for implant treatment. The @entity1388 -modified implant (Osseospeed(  )) was launched in 2004 and clinical studies suggest a more rapid bone formation and stronger bone to implant contact. However, limited clinical data are available on marginal @entity604 and the outcome after >1 year under immediate loading conditions is not fully understood. Hence, the purpose of this prospective study was to present implant survival and marginal bone level data when @entity1388 -modified implants are supporting a fully functional rehabilitation from the day after surgery in the completely edentulous mandible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 , completely edentulous in the mandible, were consecutively treated with five @entity1388 -modified implants that were functionally loaded with a provisional screw retained restoration. Marginal @entity604 was measured from day of surgery to 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Implants were considered successful after 24 months if radiographic @entity604 did not exceed 1 mm and no @entity158 or mobility was caused under a torque of 20 N cm. Statistical analysis was carried out on both @entity1 and implant levels. RESULTS: All implants survived and mean @entity604 on implant level after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months was 0.14, 0.13, 0.11 and 0.11 mm, respectively. @entity604 was only statistically significant between baseline and 3 months (P<0.001) and remained unchanged afterward. None of the implants lost >1 mm of bone after 2 years. On the @entity1 level, the mean @entity604 after 2 years was 0.12 mm (SD 0.14; range -0.06 to 0.55) with probing pocket depth 2.45 mm (SD 0.43; range 1.3-3.1) and bleeding index 0.55% (SD 0.34; range 0-1). CONCLUSION: Immediate loading of @entity1388 -modified implants is a predictable treatment yielding a high survival and success rate after 2 years.

title: A 2-year prospective study on immediate loading with XXXX -modified implants in the edentulous mandible.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: 1. Effects of @entity1025 and @entity141 on muscarinic receptor cationic current (Icat) in @entity840 ileal smooth muscle cells have been studied using patch-clamp techniques (whole-cell recording). Icat was activated either by externally applied @entity5402 or, to bypass receptors, by intracellular @entity3007 -gamma-S. 2. Independently of the main permeant cation the current-voltage (I-V) relation for Icat was U-shaped between the reversal potential (usually 0 mV) and very negative potentials such as -120 mV where current could be virtually lost. Adding @entity141 to @entity141 - and @entity1025 -free external solution reduced inward current and made it less U-shaped whereas adding @entity1025 reduced inward current and shifted more positively the potential at which maximum inward current occurred. 3. Activation of the conductance underlying Icat could be described by the Boltzmann relation which was shifted positively by adding @entity141 or @entity1025 . Extracellular @entity141 also distorted the relation by increasing the slope factor; maximal conductance was reduced in all cases. Icat relaxation at negative potentials was accelerated by increasing @entity1025 and slowed down by @entity141 . 4. These data suggest the presence of fixed negative surface charges on or near the muscarinic receptor cationic channel, which allow its modulation through alteration of surface potential. Additional more direct ion binding to and blocking of the channel cannot be ruled out. Some additional effects of @entity141 (if compared with @entity1025 ) could be explained on the assumption that the @entity141 -binding activation site known to be present on the internal side of the channel can be accessible to @entity141 entering through the open channel during muscarinic receptor stimulation, as @entity141 ions contribute to a limited extent to Icat. 5. We conclude that voltage-dependent gating of muscarinic receptor cationic channels is an intrinsic channel property and that @entity141 and @entity1025 have strong modulatory effects.

title: Effects of divalent cations on muscarinic receptor cationic current in smooth muscle from XXXX small intestine.

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) regulate the balance between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLRs might be functional and thus influence the risks of @entity281 and @entity5 development. Here, we investigated the association of two missense SNPs, @entity64795 ( @entity73167 ) in the @entity6800 gene and @entity41643 ( @entity69307 ) in the @entity11709 gene, with @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) in a cohort of prospectively observed @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective observational study, @entity64795 in @entity6800 and @entity41643 in @entity11709 were genotyped in 715 @entity1 with primary @entity0 in a Chinese population. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that the @entity1 with the AA genotype of @entity64795 had a shorter @entity4557 compared with those carrying the G allele in the recessive model (P<0.01), but this finding was not observed with the dominant model (P = 0.31). The results remained significant after adjusting for the clinical parameters in the recessive model (HR = 3.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98-6.31, P<0.01). Further survival analysis indicated that this SNP was significant in the luminal-B, @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and @entity1 @entity1722 -positive (HER2+) @entity1 using the recessive model but that it was not significant in the luminal-A @entity1 . The SNP @entity41643 showed a non-significant tendency toward an increased @entity4557 rate in the @entity1 with the TT genotype. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the SNP @entity64795 in @entity6800 may influence @entity1 outcome. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to validate our findings.

title: A Prospective Evaluation of the Association between a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism @entity64795 in XXXX and @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'triple-negative breast cancer', 'TNBC']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

answer: @entity6800 :: (7098,Gene) :: ['Toll-Like Receptor 3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) regulate the balance between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLRs might be functional and thus influence the risks of @entity281 and @entity5 development. Here, we investigated the association of two missense SNPs, @entity64795 ( @entity73167 ) in the @entity6800 gene and @entity41643 ( @entity69307 ) in the @entity11709 gene, with @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) in a cohort of prospectively observed @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective observational study, @entity64795 in @entity6800 and @entity41643 in @entity11709 were genotyped in 715 @entity1 with primary @entity0 in a Chinese population. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that the @entity1 with the AA genotype of @entity64795 had a shorter @entity4557 compared with those carrying the G allele in the recessive model (P<0.01), but this finding was not observed with the dominant model (P = 0.31). The results remained significant after adjusting for the clinical parameters in the recessive model (HR = 3.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98-6.31, P<0.01). Further survival analysis indicated that this SNP was significant in the luminal-B, @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and @entity1 @entity1722 -positive (HER2+) @entity1 using the recessive model but that it was not significant in the luminal-A @entity1 . The SNP @entity41643 showed a non-significant tendency toward an increased @entity4557 rate in the @entity1 with the TT genotype. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the SNP @entity64795 in @entity6800 may influence @entity1 outcome. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to validate our findings.

title: A Prospective Evaluation of the Association between a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism @entity64795 in @entity6800 and XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer Relapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) regulate the balance between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLRs might be functional and thus influence the risks of @entity281 and @entity5 development. Here, we investigated the association of two missense SNPs, @entity64795 ( @entity73167 ) in the @entity6800 gene and @entity41643 ( @entity69307 ) in the @entity11709 gene, with @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) in a cohort of prospectively observed @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective observational study, @entity64795 in @entity6800 and @entity41643 in @entity11709 were genotyped in 715 @entity1 with primary @entity0 in a Chinese population. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that the @entity1 with the AA genotype of @entity64795 had a shorter @entity4557 compared with those carrying the G allele in the recessive model (P<0.01), but this finding was not observed with the dominant model (P = 0.31). The results remained significant after adjusting for the clinical parameters in the recessive model (HR = 3.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98-6.31, P<0.01). Further survival analysis indicated that this SNP was significant in the luminal-B, @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and @entity1 @entity1722 -positive (HER2+) @entity1 using the recessive model but that it was not significant in the luminal-A @entity1 . The SNP @entity41643 showed a non-significant tendency toward an increased @entity4557 rate in the @entity1 with the TT genotype. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the SNP @entity64795 in @entity6800 may influence @entity1 outcome. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to validate our findings.

title: A Prospective Evaluation of the Association between a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism XXXX in @entity6800 and @entity0 .

answer: @entity64795 :: (rs3775291,SNP) :: ['rs3775291']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity308 tend to process negative information with regard to the self (i.e. self-referential processing). A better understanding of the neural underpinnings of self-referential processing in @entity1 with @entity308 is clinically important as it can inform on potential treatment targets. METHOD: This fMRI study sought to study the neural correlates of self-referential processing in @entity1 with chronic @entity308 (cMDD) (n=17) and non- @entity1 controls (n=18) using a passive processing paradigm. Stimuli consisted of positive, negative, negative @entity308 related and @entity1314 trait words or non-words. @entity1 were instructed to indicate whether a presented word was an existing word or a non-word while undergoing an fMRI scan. @entity1 also completed an explicit and an implicit measure of positive and negative self-associations outside the scanner. RESULTS: Non- @entity1 controls had relatively increased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during processing of negative @entity308 related vs. neutral words whereas @entity1 with cMDD had relatively decreased activity. Non- @entity1 controls had relatively increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activity during processing of positive vs. neutral words whereas @entity1 with cMDD had relatively decreased activity. Explicit but not implicit self-associations with @entity308 related words were associated with neural activity in the mPFC and the dlPFC. LIMITATIONS: The study did not include a clinical control group and therefore the specificity of findings remains unknown. CONCLUSIONS: The distinct neural processing of emotional self-relevant stimuli in the mPFC and the dlPFC in @entity1 with cMDD might represent an emotional blunting response towards negative self-relevant stimuli.

title: Neural correlates of self-referential processing and implicit self-associations in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['neutral personality']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depressive disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the amount of meibum and its viscosity change after intraductal meibomian gland probing in @entity1 with @entity409 (o-MGD). METHODS: Six lid margins of 3 @entity1 with refractory o-MGD underwent intraductal meibomian gland probing. Meibum and the clinical outcome were evaluated before the procedure and at a 1-month postoperative visit. Meibum was quantified with a Meibometer, and its viscosity (Shimazaki grade) was assessed simultaneously. The tear film condition was evaluated by lipid layer interferometry ( @entity5958 , Kowa, Nagoya, Japan), and meibomian gland loss was analyzed by noncontact infrared meibography. Lid margin findings, tear break-up time, @entity941 score, and ocular symptoms were also assessed. RESULTS: At the postoperative visits, all cases showed improvements in meibum lipid levels (446-1376, 757-802, and 396-571 meibometer units) and meibum viscosity (grade 3-0, 3-1, and 3-2). Two cases showed an improvement in tear break-up time (2-5 and 0-6 seconds). No morphological changes in the meibomian gland were observed in any cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intraductal meibomian gland probing seems to improve meibomian gland lipid levels, and it may be a good treatment option for cases of o-MGD that are resistant to conventional treatment.

title: Analysis of Meibum Before and After Intraductal Meibomian Gland Probing in Eyes With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['refractory obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction']


abstract: @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ) almost always results from the expansion of an unstable (CTG)n repeat. The mutation can be detected directly. Affected @entity1 with @entity231 may have minimal additional signs of the disorder, but all are at risk of life threatening complications. We have studied the efficacy of detecting new families with @entity3918 by selectively screening @entity231 @entity1 . Selection criteria were: age under 60 with no obvious precipitating factor (except @entity2175 ( @entity2175 )); @entity1 of any age with other signs suggestive of @entity3918 detected by the ophthalmologist. Ninety-six @entity1 were tested prospectively; 17 others under 55 were screened retrospectively. All @entity1 were counselled by a clinical geneticist before testing. The @entity1 ' DNA was analysed using the DNA probe/restriction enzyme combinations GB2.6/EcoRI, KB1.4/BglI and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Six @entity1 have been found to have a mutation, three (3.1%) in the prospective group and three (17.6%) in the retrospective group. Three of these @entity1 had minimal @entity3918 and three had classical @entity3918 .

title: Ascertainment of @entity3918 through XXXX by selective screening.

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'Myotonic dystrophy', 'myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus', 'NIDDM']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ) almost always results from the expansion of an unstable (CTG)n repeat. The mutation can be detected directly. Affected @entity1 with @entity231 may have minimal additional signs of the disorder, but all are at risk of life threatening complications. We have studied the efficacy of detecting new families with @entity3918 by selectively screening @entity231 @entity1 . Selection criteria were: age under 60 with no obvious precipitating factor (except @entity2175 ( @entity2175 )); @entity1 of any age with other signs suggestive of @entity3918 detected by the ophthalmologist. Ninety-six @entity1 were tested prospectively; 17 others under 55 were screened retrospectively. All @entity1 were counselled by a clinical geneticist before testing. The @entity1 ' DNA was analysed using the DNA probe/restriction enzyme combinations GB2.6/EcoRI, KB1.4/BglI and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Six @entity1 have been found to have a mutation, three (3.1%) in the prospective group and three (17.6%) in the retrospective group. Three of these @entity1 had minimal @entity3918 and three had classical @entity3918 .

title: Ascertainment of XXXX through @entity231 by selective screening.

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['myotonic dystrophy']


abstract: @entity1478 arise from endometrial overgrowth and may cause @entity1867 , @entity548 , and @entity931 . In this study, @entity1478 were harvested from hysterectomized specimens from 6 female @entity1 not on hormone therapy. Endometrial polyp mesenchymal stem cells (EPMSCs) were isolated and characterized. Selected cells were spindle-shaped, and expressed surface markers @entity5399 and CD146. The EPMSCs proliferated actively in vitro. A colony-forming study demonstrates that EPMSCs had a colony-generating capacity. When cultured in a defined medium, EPMSCs can differentiate to osteoblast-, adipocyte-, and neuron-like cells. No @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) expression was noted. Experimental results demonstrate that EPMSCs are a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells existing in @entity1 @entity1478 that are capable of proliferation, differentiation, and colonogenicity exceeding that of bone marrow stem cells and endometrial stromal cells. These EPMSCs may be an alternative resource of adult stem cells for future regenerative therapy.

title: Enhanced differentiation and clonogenicity of XXXX endometrial polyp stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['irregular bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrial polyps', 'endometrial polyps']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['intermenstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['TERT', 'telomerase reverse transcriptase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The main aim of the trial was to determine whether drug treatment of mild @entity101 (phase V diastolic pressure 90-109 mm Hg) reduced the rates of @entity64 , of @entity204 due to @entity101 , and of coronary events, in @entity1 and @entity1 aged 35-64 years. A total of 17,354 @entity1 was recruited, and 85,572 @entity1 -years of observation accrued. @entity1 were randomly allocated at entry to take @entity3592 or placebo, or @entity1169 or placebo. The @entity64 rate was reduced with treatment (60 @entity64 , vs 109 in the placebo groups), being 1.4 and 2.6 per 1,000 @entity1 -years of observation, respectively (p less than 0.01), but overall rates of coronary events were not different (222 with treatment and 234 with placebos). The incidence of all cardiovascular events was reduced with treatment (286 events, vs 352 with placebos; p less than 0.05). For rates of mortality from all causes, treatment made no difference. Several post hoc analyses of subgroup results were performed. The all-cause mortality was reduced in @entity1 on treatment (157 deaths, vs 181 in placebo groups) but increased in @entity1 on treatment (91 deaths, vs 72 with placebos); this difference between the sexes was significant (p = 0.05). The reduction in @entity64 rate was greater with @entity3592 than with @entity1169 (p = 0.002). The rate of @entity64 was reduced in both smokers and non-smokers taking @entity3592 , but only in non-smokers taking @entity1169 ; this difference between the drugs was significant (p = 0.03). The coronary-event rate was not reduced by @entity3592 , whatever the smoking habit, nor in smokers taking @entity1169 , but it was reduced in non-smokers taking @entity1169 . (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Results of MRC (UK) trial of drug therapy for mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3592 :: ('MESH:D001539', 'Chemical') :: ['bendrofluazide']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to perform a retrospective analysis of the causes of burns observed in @entity1 in the eastern provinces of @entity233 . METHOD: In this study, @entity1 were studied retrospectively with regard to their age, sex, cause of burns, seasonal variations, social and economic factors, length of hospital stay, burned body surface area, medical history, site of injury, and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 125 @entity1 undergoing inpatient treatment were male, (53.2%) and 110 were female (46.8%). The most common causes of burns in @entity1 treated on an inpatient basis were @entity4808 (65.5%) and tandir burns (15.7%). The mean total body surface area of all the @entity1 was 12.17+9.86%. When the @entity1 were grouped according to tandir, cauldron, and other burn causes, a significant difference was seen between the in burn percentages caused by tandir and cauldron burns and other causes (p < 0.001). Higher burn percentages were seen for cauldron burns than for tandir burns (p < 0.05). The average length of hospital stay was 17.67+13.64 days. When the @entity1 were grouped according to burn causes (tandir, cauldron, and others), a significant difference was determined between the hospitalization periods of @entity1 with tandir burns and other burn causes (p = 0.001) The most commonly proliferating microorganism in burned areas was @entity796 (20.4%). Of the 235 @entity1 , 61 were treated in operating rooms. During the 24-month period of the study, 2 of the 235 @entity1 died (0.85%). CONCLUSION: Pediatric burns in the eastern part of @entity233 are different from those in other parts of @entity233 , as well as in other countries. Due to the lifestyle of the region, tandir and cauldron burns, which cause extensive burn areas and high morbidity, are frequently seen in @entity1 . Therefore, precautions and educational programs related to the use of tandirs and cauldrons are needed in this region.

title: Clinical and demographic features of pediatric burns in the eastern provinces of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['scald burns']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']