abstract: We describe a very rare case of nonfunctional @entity977 (NFPA) that exhibited corticotrophic activity after resection and radiotherapy. The possible mechanisms of the transformation from NFPA to @entity4923 ( @entity4923 ) are discussed.A 43-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity227 , and hyposexuality. He had no symptoms suggestive of @entity699 , and 8am plasma @entity701 concentration was 67.88ng/mL. Brain imaging revealed a 15*15*21-mm sellar mass suggestive of a macroadenoma. The @entity5 was resected by transsphenoidal surgery and identified by immunohistochemical analysis as a chromophobic @entity652 that did not stain for pituitary hormones. The @entity1 was treated with @entity229 and @entity1955 replacement therapy. After a third recurrence, the @entity1 presented with clinical features and physical signs of @entity699 . Plasma @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ) and @entity701 concentrations were elevated, and there was a loss of circadian rhythms. Inferior petrosal sinus sampling after desmopressin showed the central-peripheral @entity4545 ratio was greater than 3:1. A repeat transsphenoidal resection was undertaken. Immunohistochemistry revealed @entity4545 positivity. Three months following surgery, imaging @entity41 , but plasma @entity4545 remained elevated. He was referred for postoperative Gamma Knife radiotherapy.The immunological activity and biological features of the hormones secreted from a @entity977 vary with time. Because long-term outcomes are unpredictable, postoperative follow-up is essential to detect postoperative transformation from NFPA to @entity4923 .

title: XXXX After Treatment of Nonfunctional @entity977 : A Case Report and Literature Review.

answer: @entity4923 :: (MESH:D047748,Disease) :: ['Cushing Disease']


abstract: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is a recognized cause of @entity73 . By using a cross-sectional comparative study, we aimed to verify whether neuropsychological performance of untreated @entity27 @entity1 conforms to a distinctive pattern. Forty-nine newly diagnosed, untreated @entity27 @entity1 , 27 with @entity303 ( @entity303 ), 31 with mild to moderate @entity303 of @entity195 (DAT) and 63 with severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), all free from major comorbid dementing conditions were chosen for the study. The groups were matched for age and education. We found a bimodal distribution of cognitive performance in @entity27 group, which was therefore divided into two clusters having better (OSAb, n = 35) and worse (OSAw, n = 14) performance on a battery of 10 cognitive indexes. Cognitive performances of OSAb, OSAw, @entity303 , DAT and @entity1030 were compared by discriminant analysis. OSAb performed better than OSAw in all but one test. Deductive thinking and verbal attainment were more severely impaired in OSAw than in @entity1030 @entity1 . Constructive ability, deductive thinking and both verbal attainment and immediate memory were comparably impaired in OSAw and DAT. The mean neuropsychological scores of OSAw and @entity303 were comparable, but 71% of OSAw @entity1 had a distinctive cognitive profile, i.e. a group specific pattern of @entity73 , according to discriminant analysis. One of four newly diagnosed @entity27 @entity1 had a severe and distinctive @entity409 mainly involving inductive and deductive thinking, and constructive ability. Some analogy with cognitive pattern of @entity303 suggests that a mainly subcortical damage underlies this dysfunction.

title: Does XXXX conform to a distinctive pattern in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['MID', 'multi-infarctual dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: We reported on 1 case of epithelioid inflammatory @entity242 (EIMS) that occurred in the colon and resulted in an incomplete @entity1321 .A 65-year-old male @entity1 presented with @entity490 without any obvious predisposing cause. He reported a paroxysmal dull @entity158 . @entity360 occurred occasionally. The symptoms appeared repeatedly and became progressively more aggravated. The @entity1 sought medical advice in our hospital, and his enteroscopy showed @entity694 and an incomplete @entity694 . The laboratory examination indicated mild @entity417 . Plain and enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans showed a large, dumbbell-shaped, soft-tissue mass of 4.1cm*9.3cm in the curved lumen of the descending colon near the spleen. After enhancement, the lesion presented with progressive and uneven enhancement. The boundary between the lesion and parts of the left kidney and spleen was obscured. A small amount of exudation was observed around the lumen, and a slightly enlarged lymph node shadow was observed in the mesangial gap.After each preoperative examination was completed, the @entity5 invading the spleen and left kidney were excised. Based on the surgical specimen pathological histology and immunohistochemistry, epithelioid inflammatory @entity242 was diagnosed. @entity5 recurrence occurred a short time after excision.EIMS in the abdominal cavity could occur on the intestinal wall, occasionally manifesting as large masses that expand to the inside and the outside of the cavity. It needs to be distinguished from other @entity5 . @entity5 recurrence can easily occur after surgery. @entity7041 ( @entity7041 ) inhibitors are a potential alternative treatment option.

title: Incomplete Intestinal Obstruction Caused by a Rare Epithelioid Inflammatory Myofibroblastic XXXX : A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity7041 :: ('238', 'Gene') :: ['ALK', 'Anaplasticlymphoma kinase']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['myofibroblastic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors', 'colonic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Hematochezia']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Sarcoma of the Colon']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aims of this study were to evaluate factors influencing the distribution of @entity2177 in tissue of @entity1 suffering from varying degrees of @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). Blood and tissue samples were collected from @entity1 undergoing debridement or amputation procedures and the amount of @entity2177 in them was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. All @entity1 were administered a 200-mg dose of intravenous @entity2177 prior to the debridement or amputation procedure. Data, including @entity1 gender, age, type of @entity6 , presence of @entity16 , medications taken, and severity of @entity3657 were collected. These data were then analyzed to determine factors influencing the concentrations of @entity2177 in tissue of the lower limbs. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation, and chi-square test were used to relate covariates and fixed factors with the concentration of @entity2177 in tissue. Following bivariate analysis, a 3-predictor regression model was fitted to predict tissue concentrations of @entity2177 given information about these predictors. Blood and tissue samples were collected from 50 @entity1 having an average age of 68 years. Thirty-three @entity1 were males and 35 @entity1 suffered from type 2 @entity6 . The average number of medications that these @entity1 were taking was 10. The majority of @entity1 (n = 35) were suffering from severe @entity3657 . Tissue concentrations of @entity2177 were mainly related to plasma concentrations of @entity2177 , number of medications that the @entity1 were taking and severity of @entity3657 .

title: Factors Affecting Penetration of XXXX in Lower Extremity Ischemic Tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['Ciprofloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10043 analogues [ @entity10771 (FAMP); @entity9392 and @entity8778 ) and extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) have been suggested to be active agents in advanced @entity784 ( @entity784 ) @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To explore further the clinical efficacy and safety of FAMP monochemotherapy in advanced @entity784 and to evaluate if the sequential association of ECP to FAMP in selected @entity1 may improve the response rate (RR) and/or lengthen the remission duration. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-four @entity784 @entity1 [17 @entity4889 ( @entity4889 ); 26 @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ), stage IIB-IV or with peripheral blood involvement; one @entity4888 associated with @entity8548 ( @entity8548 )] were enrolled in this pilot cohort study. All the @entity1 received FAMP 25 mg m(-2) 5 days monthly; 19 @entity1 (43.2%) underwent ECP after FAMP was discontinued. The majority of @entity1 with erythrodermic @entity784 or peripheral blood involvement underwent the combined FAMP-ECP schedule. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 4.2 years, the overall FAMP RR was 29.5% (13/44); a higher RR was obtained in @entity4889 (35.3%) than in @entity4888 @entity1 (25.9%). According to the treatment group, the RR of the FAMP-ECP group (63.2%) was significantly higher than that of the FAMP monotherapy group (24%; P=0.021). No statistically significant difference was found in @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) or survival by therapy group, even if the @entity1054 of the @entity1 treated with the FAMP-ECP combination therapy was higher (median 13 vs. 7 months). A decrease or a normalization in the @entity404 +CD26- circulating subset was observed in responding @entity1 , paralleling the reduction in the circulating S  zary cells. CONCLUSIONS: FAMP confirms its clinical activity as a single agent in @entity4889 ; conversely, FAMP results do not compare favourably with other therapeutic approaches for advanced stage @entity4888 @entity1 . The sequential association of ECP after FAMP seems to increase the RR, even if future randomized studies are needed to confirm these results.

title: Treatment of advanced @entity4888 / XXXX with fludarabine and potential adjunctive benefit to subsequent extracorporeal photochemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chlorodeoxyadenosine']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'S  zary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['CTCL', 'cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity8548 :: ('MESH:D017731', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatoid papulosis', 'LyP']

entities_list: @entity9392 :: ('MESH:D015649', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycoformycin']

entities_list: @entity10771 :: ('MESH:C042382', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine monophosphate']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time-to-progression']

answer: @entity4889 :: (MESH:D018455,Disease) :: ['S  zary syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10043 analogues [ @entity10771 (FAMP); @entity9392 and @entity8778 ) and extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) have been suggested to be active agents in advanced @entity784 ( @entity784 ) @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To explore further the clinical efficacy and safety of FAMP monochemotherapy in advanced @entity784 and to evaluate if the sequential association of ECP to FAMP in selected @entity1 may improve the response rate (RR) and/or lengthen the remission duration. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-four @entity784 @entity1 [17 @entity4889 ( @entity4889 ); 26 @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ), stage IIB-IV or with peripheral blood involvement; one @entity4888 associated with @entity8548 ( @entity8548 )] were enrolled in this pilot cohort study. All the @entity1 received FAMP 25 mg m(-2) 5 days monthly; 19 @entity1 (43.2%) underwent ECP after FAMP was discontinued. The majority of @entity1 with erythrodermic @entity784 or peripheral blood involvement underwent the combined FAMP-ECP schedule. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 4.2 years, the overall FAMP RR was 29.5% (13/44); a higher RR was obtained in @entity4889 (35.3%) than in @entity4888 @entity1 (25.9%). According to the treatment group, the RR of the FAMP-ECP group (63.2%) was significantly higher than that of the FAMP monotherapy group (24%; P=0.021). No statistically significant difference was found in @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) or survival by therapy group, even if the @entity1054 of the @entity1 treated with the FAMP-ECP combination therapy was higher (median 13 vs. 7 months). A decrease or a normalization in the @entity404 +CD26- circulating subset was observed in responding @entity1 , paralleling the reduction in the circulating S  zary cells. CONCLUSIONS: FAMP confirms its clinical activity as a single agent in @entity4889 ; conversely, FAMP results do not compare favourably with other therapeutic approaches for advanced stage @entity4888 @entity1 . The sequential association of ECP after FAMP seems to increase the RR, even if future randomized studies are needed to confirm these results.

title: Treatment of advanced XXXX / @entity4889 with fludarabine and potential adjunctive benefit to subsequent extracorporeal photochemotherapy.

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['mycosis fungoides']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the feasibility and advantages of aberrant incision location of single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) in different gender when treating some @entity358 . METHODS: Retrospectively analyze the clinical data of these @entity1 who were received lung partial resection from the same surgeon in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, the 100 Hospital of PLA, Wu Zhong @entity1 's Hospital from January 2012 to December 2014. Among the males, 57 were undertook a single-port VATS surgery through areola incision (Observation Group A), and the rest 114 were received conventional uniportal VATS surgery (Control Group A). Among the females, 15 were operated through the subxiphoid incision (Observation Group B) and 45 were received conventional one (Control Group B). The operation time, @entity190 , @entity86 amount, chest tube drainage duration, postoperative hospital stay, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) @entity158 score of the 1st and 2nd postoperative day, the incision discomfort in the 30th and 90th postoperative day, and the incision satisfaction degree were evaluated. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were underwent total VATS surgery successfully and no severe complications were observed.In males, there were no significant differences in operation time, @entity190 , @entity86 amount, chest tube drainage duration, postoperative hospital day and the VAS score of the 1st postoperative day (P>0.05). Compared to control group A, the VAS score of the 2nd postoperative day was lower (3.56  1.78 vs 4.14  1.62, P=0.035), the incision discomfort of 30th and 90th postoperative day was reduced (33(57.9%) vs 86(75.4%), P=0.019; 29(50.9%) vs 76(66.7%), P=0.046) and the incision satisfaction degree was significantly improved (45(79.0%) vs 61(53.5%), P=0.001). In females, there were no statistical differences in intraoperative @entity190 , @entity86 amount, chest tube drainage duration, postoperative hospital day and the incision satisfaction degree (P>0.05). Compared to control group B, the operation time was obviously prolonged (57.67  5.72 vs 42.91  7.82, P=0.000), the VAS score of the 1st and 2nd postoperative day was significantly lower (2.13  1.06 vs 3.84  1.69, P=0.001; 2.60  1.24 vs 4.18  1.56, P=0.001) and the incision discomfort in 30th and 90th postoperative day was reduced (4(26.7%) vs 34(75.6%), P=0.001; 4(26.7%) vs 28(62.2%), P=0.017). CONCLUSION: In single-port VATS surgery for some @entity358 , we choose "individualized" incision location--trans-areola incision in males and subxiphoid incision in females--according to different gender and varieties of diseases, which was considered to raise incision satisfaction degree in males and reduce @entity282 in females, it warrants further clinical practice.

title: [Single-port VATS resection for some XXXX :strategies of the incision location in different gender].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases', 'lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative drainage']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary diseases']


abstract: The @entity958 At filamentation temperature sensitive (FtsH) metalloprotease gene family comprises 12 members ( @entity72610 -AtFtsH12), including three pairs of closely related genes that are targeted to chloroplasts ( @entity20267 and @entity72611 ; @entity72610 and @entity20268 ; and @entity72612 and @entity72613 ). Mutations in @entity20268 ( @entity20268 ) and @entity20267 ( @entity20267 ) give rise to variegated plants with green- and white-sectored leaves. Cells in the green sectors contain morphologically normal chloroplasts, whereas cells in the white sectors are blocked in chloroplast biogenesis. A major question is how chloroplasts arise in cells that have a mutant genotype. We have found by two-dimensional (2-D) green gel and gel filtration analyses that @entity20267 / @entity20267 forms oligomeric complexes. Two bands in the 2-D green gels that correspond to @entity20268 / @entity20268 + @entity72610 and @entity20267 / @entity20267 + @entity72611 have been identified, and these bands are coordinately reduced in amount in @entity20268 and @entity20267 thylakoids that lack @entity20268 / @entity20268 and @entity20267 / @entity20267 , respectively. These reductions are not because of alterations in transcript abundance. Overexpression of @entity72611 in @entity20267 -4 (a putative null allele) normalizes the variegation phenotype of the mutant and restores the two bands to their wild-type levels. These results suggest that @entity72611 is interchangeable with @entity20267 / @entity20267 in AtFtsH-containing oligomers, and that the two proteins have redundant functions. Consistent with this hypothesis, @entity20267 and @entity72611 have similar expression patterns, as monitored by promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion and RT-PCR experiments. Based on our findings, we propose that @entity72610 , @entity20267 / @entity20267 , @entity20268 / @entity20268 , and @entity72611 interact to form oligomeric structures, and that subunit stoichiometry is controlled post-transcriptionally in @entity20268 and @entity20267 , perhaps by turnover. A threshold model is presented to explain the pattern of variegation in @entity20267 in which @entity72611 provides a compensating activity in the green sectors of the mutant.

title: The XXXX FtsH metalloprotease gene family: interchangeability of subunits in chloroplast oligomeric complexes.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: @entity1618 ( @entity1618 ) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which active form is a non-covalent homodimer. Given the potential of @entity1618 for application in various medical conditions, it is essential to develop systems for its effective delivery. In previous work, it has been shown that a dextrin nanogel effectively incorporated and stabilized @entity13358 , enabling its release over time. In this work, the delivery system based on dextrin nanogels was further analyzed. The biocompatibility of the nanogel was comprehensively analyzed, through @entity137 ( @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release, MTS, Live, and Dead) and genotoxicity (comet) assays. The release profile of @entity13358 and its biological activity were evaluated in vivo, using C57BL/6 @entity19 . Although able to maintain a stable concentration of @entity1618 for at least 4 h in mice serum, the amount of protein released was rather low. Despite this, the amount of @entity13358 released from the complex was biologically active inhibiting @entity637 production, in vivo, by LPS-challenged @entity19 . In spite of the significant stabilization achieved using the nanogel, @entity13358 still denatures rather quickly. An additional effort is thus necessary to develop an effective delivery system for this cytokine, able to release active protein over longer periods of time. Nevertheless, the good biocompatibility, the protein stabilization effect and the ability to perform as a carrier with controlled release suggest that self-assembled dextrin nanogels may be useful protein delivery systems.

title: Self-assembled dextrin nanogel as protein carrier: controlled release and biological activity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1618 :: (16153(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep @entity386 is characterised by repeated episodes of pauses in breathing during sleep due to obstruction of the upper airway that result in transient hypoxaemia, @entity1949 and long-term @entity65 . The most common risk factors for @entity27 include: @entity28 , age over 50 and neck circumference of more than 41 cm for females and more than 43 cm in males. Sleep @entity386 is more common in @entity1 than in @entity1 . The aim of the conducted research was to evaluate relations between the anthropometric features connected with adipose tissue distribution and the severity of @entity27 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 180 @entity1 (144 males and 36 females) diagnosed with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). The standard sleep parameters obtained from night polisomnography as well as skin-fat fold thickness and neck circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 10. RESULTS: It was stated that anthropometric parameters connected with the accumulation of adipose tissue in upper body were significantly related to severity of @entity27 in males (P <=0.05). BMI was significantly correlated with severity of @entity27 in females (P <=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: in males, there is a connection between the severity of @entity27 , BMI and a higher accumulation of adipose tissue in upper part of the body measured by neck circumference and shoulder thickness of skin-fat folds, whereas in females only by BMI.

title: Anthropometric and physiologic assessment in sleep XXXX @entity1 regarding body fat distribution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep @entity386 is characterised by repeated episodes of pauses in breathing during sleep due to obstruction of the upper airway that result in transient hypoxaemia, @entity1949 and long-term @entity65 . The most common risk factors for @entity27 include: @entity28 , age over 50 and neck circumference of more than 41 cm for females and more than 43 cm in males. Sleep @entity386 is more common in @entity1 than in @entity1 . The aim of the conducted research was to evaluate relations between the anthropometric features connected with adipose tissue distribution and the severity of @entity27 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 180 @entity1 (144 males and 36 females) diagnosed with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). The standard sleep parameters obtained from night polisomnography as well as skin-fat fold thickness and neck circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 10. RESULTS: It was stated that anthropometric parameters connected with the accumulation of adipose tissue in upper body were significantly related to severity of @entity27 in males (P <=0.05). BMI was significantly correlated with severity of @entity27 in females (P <=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: in males, there is a connection between the severity of @entity27 , BMI and a higher accumulation of adipose tissue in upper part of the body measured by neck circumference and shoulder thickness of skin-fat folds, whereas in females only by BMI.

title: Anthropometric and physiologic assessment in sleep @entity386 XXXX regarding body fat distribution.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multivessel @entity301 after @entity583 is a major risk factor for unfavorable @entity299 and @entity204 due to pump failure, but underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are still uncompletely established. Post- @entity1188 @entity296 has been recently implicated as a cause of ongoing cell loss leading to @entity712 . Our aim was to assess the role of post- @entity1188 @entity296 and pro-apoptotic factor expression in the non-infarcted remote @entity1562 of subjects with multivessel @entity301 . METHODS: Twenty-one males dying after recent @entity583 with permanent occlusion of the @entity1188 were selected at autopsy. Apoptosis was assessed at viable myocardial regions remote from @entity1188 by co-staining for in situ end-labeling of DNA fragmentation and cleaved @entity522 . Expression of pro-apoptotic factor @entity589 and @entity519 -induced factor-1alpha was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Subjects with multivessel disease (N=11) showed a significantly two-fold higher @entity296 in comparison to subjects with @entity66 (N=10) (0.9% vs. 0.5%, p=0.013). Similarly, myocardial @entity589 expression was increased in @entity1 with multivessel disease (3.0% vs. 1.4%, p=0.029). Stratification for the number of diseased coronary vessels confirmed the association between extent of @entity301 and apoptotic rates (p=0.022). Even in subjects dying over 30 days after @entity1188 remained predictive of enhanced myocardiocyte apoptosis at remote regions (p=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Post- @entity1188 @entity296 and @entity589 expression in remote left ventricular regions are significantly increased in male @entity1 with multivessel @entity301 in comparison to those with isolated @entity1416 . These findings suggest that apoptotic cell loss in the viable non-infarcted @entity1562 , possibly due ongoing @entity63 , may play a relevant role in the unfavorable clinical course typical of multivessel disease after @entity583 .

title: Increased apoptosis in remote non-infarcted XXXX in multivessel @entity301 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarction multivessel disease', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multivessel @entity301 after @entity583 is a major risk factor for unfavorable @entity299 and @entity204 due to pump failure, but underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are still uncompletely established. Post- @entity1188 @entity296 has been recently implicated as a cause of ongoing cell loss leading to @entity712 . Our aim was to assess the role of post- @entity1188 @entity296 and pro-apoptotic factor expression in the non-infarcted remote @entity1562 of subjects with multivessel @entity301 . METHODS: Twenty-one males dying after recent @entity583 with permanent occlusion of the @entity1188 were selected at autopsy. Apoptosis was assessed at viable myocardial regions remote from @entity1188 by co-staining for in situ end-labeling of DNA fragmentation and cleaved @entity522 . Expression of pro-apoptotic factor @entity589 and @entity519 -induced factor-1alpha was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Subjects with multivessel disease (N=11) showed a significantly two-fold higher @entity296 in comparison to subjects with @entity66 (N=10) (0.9% vs. 0.5%, p=0.013). Similarly, myocardial @entity589 expression was increased in @entity1 with multivessel disease (3.0% vs. 1.4%, p=0.029). Stratification for the number of diseased coronary vessels confirmed the association between extent of @entity301 and apoptotic rates (p=0.022). Even in subjects dying over 30 days after @entity1188 remained predictive of enhanced myocardiocyte apoptosis at remote regions (p=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Post- @entity1188 @entity296 and @entity589 expression in remote left ventricular regions are significantly increased in male @entity1 with multivessel @entity301 in comparison to those with isolated @entity1416 . These findings suggest that apoptotic cell loss in the viable non-infarcted @entity1562 , possibly due ongoing @entity63 , may play a relevant role in the unfavorable clinical course typical of multivessel disease after @entity583 .

title: Increased apoptosis in remote non-infarcted @entity1562 in multivessel XXXX .

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether there are temporal differences for the pleiotropic effects for different members of the statin class. The present study investigated differences in the short- and intermediate-term pleiotropic effects of statins in @entity753 @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity753 @entity1 were randomly treated with either @entity2993 or @entity23260 for 3 months. We measured fasting lipid concentrations, @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS), fibrinolytic parameters, and flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery ( @entity4631 ) at baseline and after 2 weeks and 3 months of therapy. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of therapy, @entity2993 decreased the low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , small, dense LDL @entity165 (34+/-22 vs. 18+/-20%, P<0.01), remnant-like particles (RLP) @entity165 (8.8+/-6.0 vs. 5.1+/-2.6 mg/ml, P<0.01), and TBARS (3.3+/-1.0 vs. 3.1+/-0.9 nmol/ml, P<0.05), and @entity23260 decreased LDL @entity165 . After 3 months of therapy, @entity2993 decreased small dense LDL @entity165 (8+/-13%, P<0.0001) additionally, and @entity23260 decreased small, dense LDL @entity165 (51+/-11 vs. 12+/-22%, P<0.0001) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (68+/-32 vs. 51+/-21 ng/ml, P<0.05). @entity4631 increased significantly in both groups after 2 weeks, although the relative change in @entity4631 was greater with @entity23260 therapy after 2 weeks than @entity2993 therapy (60+/-78 vs. 23+/-26%, P<0.05). However, @entity4631 was the same for both groups after 3 months (58+/-65 vs. 66+/-61%, NS), because @entity2993 additionally increased @entity4631 . There was no correlation between these pleiotropic effects and the improvement in the lipid profile for either group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the degree of pleiotropic effect as well as the time course for the effect are different among members of the statin class of drugs.

title: Time course differences for statin-induced pleiotropic effects in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity23260 :: ('MESH:C086276', 'Chemical') :: ['cerivastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether there are temporal differences for the pleiotropic effects for different members of the statin class. The present study investigated differences in the short- and intermediate-term pleiotropic effects of statins in @entity753 @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity753 @entity1 were randomly treated with either @entity2993 or @entity23260 for 3 months. We measured fasting lipid concentrations, @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS), fibrinolytic parameters, and flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery ( @entity4631 ) at baseline and after 2 weeks and 3 months of therapy. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of therapy, @entity2993 decreased the low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , small, dense LDL @entity165 (34+/-22 vs. 18+/-20%, P<0.01), remnant-like particles (RLP) @entity165 (8.8+/-6.0 vs. 5.1+/-2.6 mg/ml, P<0.01), and TBARS (3.3+/-1.0 vs. 3.1+/-0.9 nmol/ml, P<0.05), and @entity23260 decreased LDL @entity165 . After 3 months of therapy, @entity2993 decreased small dense LDL @entity165 (8+/-13%, P<0.0001) additionally, and @entity23260 decreased small, dense LDL @entity165 (51+/-11 vs. 12+/-22%, P<0.0001) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (68+/-32 vs. 51+/-21 ng/ml, P<0.05). @entity4631 increased significantly in both groups after 2 weeks, although the relative change in @entity4631 was greater with @entity23260 therapy after 2 weeks than @entity2993 therapy (60+/-78 vs. 23+/-26%, P<0.05). However, @entity4631 was the same for both groups after 3 months (58+/-65 vs. 66+/-61%, NS), because @entity2993 additionally increased @entity4631 . There was no correlation between these pleiotropic effects and the improvement in the lipid profile for either group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the degree of pleiotropic effect as well as the time course for the effect are different among members of the statin class of drugs.

title: Time course differences for statin-induced pleiotropic effects in @entity753 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To validate the Dutch version of the EORTC QLQ-CR29 quality of life questionnaire for @entity14 . METHODS: We translated and pilot-tested the original questionnaire in the Netherlands, following EORTC guidelines. We assessed factor structure, reliability and construct validity in different samples of @entity1 from four hospitals. RESULTS: Of 296 @entity1 , 236 (80  %) returned the questionnaire, and 27 out of 48 @entity1 returned the retest questionnaire. In addition to the original three scales, we found a reliable bowel functioning scale (a  =  0.80), reducing the number of individual items by five. Two of the other scales had sufficient to good reliability (urinary frequency, a  =  0.71, original a  =  0.75, body image a  =  0.80, original a  =  0.84), the third, blood and mucus in stool, only moderate (a  =  0.56, original a  =  0.69). Item functioning was sufficient to excellent for all but two items ( @entity322 and @entity3833 ). Construct validity was similar to that in earlier studies. CONCLUSION: We found a very satisfactory scale for bowel problems, in @entity1 both with and without stoma. The body image and @entity322 scales were reliable, and construct validity was sufficient. We suggest the questionnaire to be adapted to decrease the number of individual items, improve the scales, and therefore increase reliability of the entire questionnaire.

title: The EORTC QLQ-CR29 quality of life questionnaire for XXXX : validation of the Dutch version.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity204 ( @entity204 ) is essential for normal development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms. While it is now evident that @entity204 can take many different forms, apoptosis is probably the most well-defined cell death programme. The characteristic morphological and biochemical features associated with this highly regulated form of cell death have until recently been exclusively attributed to the caspase family of @entity462 proteases. As a result, many investigators affiliate apoptosis with its pivotal execution system, i.e. caspase activation. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that @entity204 or apoptosis can also proceed in a caspase-independent manner and maintain key characteristics of apoptosis. Mitochondrial integrity is central to both caspase-dependent and-independent cell death. The release of pro-apoptotic factors from the mitochondrial intermembrane space is a key event in a cell's commitment to die and is under the tight regulation of the @entity588 family. However, the underlying mechanisms governing the efflux of these pro-death molecules are largely unknown. This review will focus on the regulation of mitochondrial integrity by @entity588 family members with particular attention to the controlled release of factors involved in caspase-independent cell death.

title: Control of mitochondrial integrity by XXXX family members and caspase-independent cell death.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Programmed cell death']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plant mitochondrial transcripts frequently undergo maturation processes at their 5' ends. This almost completely enigmatic process requires the function of several proteins such as RNA processing factors, which are selectively involved in distinct 5' processing events. Since RNA processing factors represent pentatricopeptide repeat proteins without apparent enzymatic function it is hypothesized that a ribonuclease, most likely with endonucleolytic activity is involved in the 5' end maturation. We have now applied a reverse genetic approach to analyze the role of two potential mitochondrial nucleases, MNU1 and MNU2, in @entity958 . Both proteins contain several RNA binding domains and NYN domains found in other endonucleases. A thorough analysis of various mitochondrial transcripts in MNU1 and MNU2 mutants revealed aberrant transcript pattern characterized by a decrease of mature RNA species often accompanied by an accumulation of larger, 5' extended precursor molecules. In addition, severely reduced amounts of @entity72614 mRNAs in the rpf2-1/mnu2-1 double mutant indicate a corporate function of @entity72615 and MNU2 in the maturation of these transcripts. However, the dramatic reduction of the @entity72614 mRNA is not reflected by the level of the corresponding @entity72614 protein, which is found to be only moderately lowered. Collectively, our analysis strongly suggests a function of MNU1 and MNU2 in 5' processing of plant mitochondrial transcripts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Two NYN domain containing putative nucleases are involved in transcript maturation in XXXX mitochondria.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Studies of the effects of menopausal hormone therapy on @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in postmenopausal @entity1 have provided contradictory results. Although recent experimental studies have revealed no beneficial effect of combination therapy with @entity172 (E) and @entity1420 (P), the effect of monotherapy with E remains unknown. We retrospectively examined the medical records of 843 consecutive @entity1 aged > or =55 years who underwent their first cardiac catheterization between January 1996 and December 1998. We compared the presence and severity of @entity453 , defined as > or =1 diseased coronary vessel (with @entity850 > or =50%), in @entity1 who only took E, E+P, or no menopausal hormone therapy. In all, 210 @entity1 (33%) took hormones, of whom 47 (22%) used E+P and 163 (78%) used E only. @entity1 who used any hormones tended to be healthier than nonusers, but E+P users had a lower prevalence of risk factors and co-morbidities than E users. In unadjusted analyses, both the E and E+P groups were significantly less likely to have @entity453 than nonusers (relative risk [RR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58 to 0.84 for the E group; RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.99 for the E+P group). Demographic factors, @entity453 risk factors, co-morbidities, and primary prevention medication use explained the association between E+P and the presence of @entity453 (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.39). In contrast, adjustment for these factors had a minimal effect on the association between E and @entity453 compared with nonusers (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.98). Thus, the apparent protective effect of combination menopausal hormone therapy with E+P on @entity453 is due to differences in other @entity1 characteristics. In contrast, unopposed E therapy may have a protective effect on @entity453 .

title: Comparison of angiographic findings among postmenopausal @entity1 using unopposed XXXX , @entity172 /progestin combinations, and nonusers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Studies of the effects of menopausal hormone therapy on @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in postmenopausal @entity1 have provided contradictory results. Although recent experimental studies have revealed no beneficial effect of combination therapy with @entity172 (E) and @entity1420 (P), the effect of monotherapy with E remains unknown. We retrospectively examined the medical records of 843 consecutive @entity1 aged > or =55 years who underwent their first cardiac catheterization between January 1996 and December 1998. We compared the presence and severity of @entity453 , defined as > or =1 diseased coronary vessel (with @entity850 > or =50%), in @entity1 who only took E, E+P, or no menopausal hormone therapy. In all, 210 @entity1 (33%) took hormones, of whom 47 (22%) used E+P and 163 (78%) used E only. @entity1 who used any hormones tended to be healthier than nonusers, but E+P users had a lower prevalence of risk factors and co-morbidities than E users. In unadjusted analyses, both the E and E+P groups were significantly less likely to have @entity453 than nonusers (relative risk [RR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58 to 0.84 for the E group; RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.99 for the E+P group). Demographic factors, @entity453 risk factors, co-morbidities, and primary prevention medication use explained the association between E+P and the presence of @entity453 (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.39). In contrast, adjustment for these factors had a minimal effect on the association between E and @entity453 compared with nonusers (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.98). Thus, the apparent protective effect of combination menopausal hormone therapy with E+P on @entity453 is due to differences in other @entity1 characteristics. In contrast, unopposed E therapy may have a protective effect on @entity453 .

title: Comparison of angiographic findings among postmenopausal @entity1 using unopposed @entity172 , XXXX /progestin combinations, and nonusers.

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Studies of the effects of menopausal hormone therapy on @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in postmenopausal @entity1 have provided contradictory results. Although recent experimental studies have revealed no beneficial effect of combination therapy with @entity172 (E) and @entity1420 (P), the effect of monotherapy with E remains unknown. We retrospectively examined the medical records of 843 consecutive @entity1 aged > or =55 years who underwent their first cardiac catheterization between January 1996 and December 1998. We compared the presence and severity of @entity453 , defined as > or =1 diseased coronary vessel (with @entity850 > or =50%), in @entity1 who only took E, E+P, or no menopausal hormone therapy. In all, 210 @entity1 (33%) took hormones, of whom 47 (22%) used E+P and 163 (78%) used E only. @entity1 who used any hormones tended to be healthier than nonusers, but E+P users had a lower prevalence of risk factors and co-morbidities than E users. In unadjusted analyses, both the E and E+P groups were significantly less likely to have @entity453 than nonusers (relative risk [RR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58 to 0.84 for the E group; RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.99 for the E+P group). Demographic factors, @entity453 risk factors, co-morbidities, and primary prevention medication use explained the association between E+P and the presence of @entity453 (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.39). In contrast, adjustment for these factors had a minimal effect on the association between E and @entity453 compared with nonusers (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.98). Thus, the apparent protective effect of combination menopausal hormone therapy with E+P on @entity453 is due to differences in other @entity1 characteristics. In contrast, unopposed E therapy may have a protective effect on @entity453 .

title: Comparison of angiographic findings among postmenopausal XXXX using unopposed @entity172 , @entity172 /progestin combinations, and nonusers.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity15929 ( @entity15929 ) analysis represents a recent echocardiographic technique for evaluating the textural and functional state of the right ventricular (RV) myocardium. We undertook our study to (1) define the potential impact of age or morphometric parameters (height, weight, and body surface area) on RV @entity15929 indexes, and (2) compare RV @entity15929 data among normal subjects and @entity1 with different conditions of RV overload. We studied 34 @entity1 (mean age 14.6 +/- 4.7 years) divided into 3 groups: 14 @entity1 with RV @entity1284 related to moderate to large @entity118 (group I); (2) 10 @entity1 with RV pressure overload due to transposition of the great arteries after the Mustard procedure (group II); and (3) 10 @entity1 with RV volume and pressure overload due to @entity338 and @entity850 after corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot (group III). In addition, 20 @entity1 with structurally normal hearts were enrolled as the control group. The 4 groups were comparable with regard to age and morphometric parameters. @entity15929 parameters were assessed as the magnitude of cyclic variation, determined as the difference between peak and nadir @entity15929 values and the averaged @entity296 intensity. In the control group and group I, @entity15929 parameters did not change significantly with age, height, weight, and body surface area. In contrast, in groups II and III, a significant correlation was found between cyclic variation and age at the study (p = 0.021, r = -0.71, and p = 0.006, r = -0.79, respectively). Furthermore, compared with the control group, cyclic variation and @entity15929 intensity were significantly different only in groups II (p = 0.01 and p = 0.006, respectively) and III (both p <0.0001) but not in group I (p = 0.23 and p = 0.38, respectively). The lowest values of cyclic variation and the highest values of intensity were detected in group III @entity1 . Thus, our data suggest that (1) in normal subjects, there is no correlation between RV @entity15929 indexes and age or any morphometric parameters, and (2) @entity15929 analysis is able to noninvasively detect differences in myocardial functional and textural properties in the presence of different conditions of RV overload.

title: Backscatter evaluation of myocardial functional and textural findings in @entity1 with right ventricular pressure and/or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial IBS']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity15929 :: ('MESH:C565771', 'Disease') :: ['Integrated backscatter', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity1284 :: (MESH:D019190,Disease) :: ['volume overload']


abstract: @entity15929 ( @entity15929 ) analysis represents a recent echocardiographic technique for evaluating the textural and functional state of the right ventricular (RV) myocardium. We undertook our study to (1) define the potential impact of age or morphometric parameters (height, weight, and body surface area) on RV @entity15929 indexes, and (2) compare RV @entity15929 data among normal subjects and @entity1 with different conditions of RV overload. We studied 34 @entity1 (mean age 14.6 +/- 4.7 years) divided into 3 groups: 14 @entity1 with RV @entity1284 related to moderate to large @entity118 (group I); (2) 10 @entity1 with RV pressure overload due to transposition of the great arteries after the Mustard procedure (group II); and (3) 10 @entity1 with RV volume and pressure overload due to @entity338 and @entity850 after corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot (group III). In addition, 20 @entity1 with structurally normal hearts were enrolled as the control group. The 4 groups were comparable with regard to age and morphometric parameters. @entity15929 parameters were assessed as the magnitude of cyclic variation, determined as the difference between peak and nadir @entity15929 values and the averaged @entity296 intensity. In the control group and group I, @entity15929 parameters did not change significantly with age, height, weight, and body surface area. In contrast, in groups II and III, a significant correlation was found between cyclic variation and age at the study (p = 0.021, r = -0.71, and p = 0.006, r = -0.79, respectively). Furthermore, compared with the control group, cyclic variation and @entity15929 intensity were significantly different only in groups II (p = 0.01 and p = 0.006, respectively) and III (both p <0.0001) but not in group I (p = 0.23 and p = 0.38, respectively). The lowest values of cyclic variation and the highest values of intensity were detected in group III @entity1 . Thus, our data suggest that (1) in normal subjects, there is no correlation between RV @entity15929 indexes and age or any morphometric parameters, and (2) @entity15929 analysis is able to noninvasively detect differences in myocardial functional and textural properties in the presence of different conditions of RV overload.

title: Backscatter evaluation of myocardial functional and textural findings in XXXX with right ventricular pressure and/or @entity1284 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Polyphenolic parenchyma cells (PP cells) in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stem phloem play important roles in constitutive and inducible defenses. To determine whether anatomical and molecular changes in PP cells are correlated with tree resistance, we infected two Norway spruce clones with the pathogenic fungus Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau. The fungus induced significantly different lesion lengths in the two clones, indicating that one clone was more resistant to the fungus ( @entity75 ) than the other (long lesions). After infection, the cross-sectional area of PP cells and their vacuolar @entity3978 bodies increased in the three most recent annual rings of PP cells in both clones. The more resistant clone had larger PP cells with denser @entity3978 bodies than the less resistant clone, whereas the less resistant clone accumulated relatively more @entity6398 after infection. Compared with the less resistant clone, the more resistant clone contained higher starch concentrations before infection that were reduced more quickly after infection before returning to original values. Low transcript levels of @entity25368 synthase were detected in uninfected tissues of both clones, but the levels increased dramatically after infection. Transcript levels were higher and peaked 6 days earlier in the more resistant clone than in the less resistant clone. The activity of at least one highly basic peroxidase isoform was greatly enhanced after infection, and this increase occurred earlier in the more resistant clone.

title: Induced responses to pathogen infection in Norway spruce phloem: changes in polyphenolic parenchyma cells, XXXX synthase transcript levels and peroxidase activity.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['short lesions']

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

answer: @entity25368 :: (MESH:D002599,Chemical) :: ['chalcone']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A number of parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and separate histologic features have been identified as potential prognosticators in high-grade @entity11 . This study evaluated the relationships between dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI-derived parameters and histologic features in @entity463 multiforme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with newly presenting @entity463 multiforme underwent preoperative imaging (conventional imaging and T1 dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI). Parametric maps of the initial area under the contrast agent concentration curve, contrast transfer coefficient, estimate of volume of the extravascular extracellular space, and estimate of blood plasma volume were generated, and the enhancing fraction was calculated. Surgical specimens were used to assess subtype and were graded (World Health Organization classification system) and were assessed for @entity39 , cell density, cellular atypia, mitotic activity, and overall vascularity scores. Quantitative assessment of endothelial surface area, vascular surface area, and a vascular profile count were made by using @entity2280 immunostaining. The relationships between MR imaging parameters and histopathologic features were examined. RESULTS: High values of contrast transfer coefficient were associated with the presence of frank @entity39 (P = .005). High values of the estimate of volume of the extravascular extracellular space were associated with a fibrillary histologic pattern (P < .01) and with increased mitotic activity (P < .05). No relationship was found between mitotic activity and histologic pattern, suggesting that the correlation between the estimate of volume of the extravascular extracellular space and mitotic activity was independent of the histologic pattern. CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between the estimate of volume of the extravascular extracellular space and mitotic activity is reported. Further work is warranted to establish how dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI parameters relate to more quantitative histologic measurements, including markers of proliferation and measures of @entity7 expression.

title: Mitotic Activity in XXXX Correlates with Estimated Extravascular Extracellular Space Derived from Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Glioblastoma']


abstract: @entity519 is known to be an important prognostic marker in many @entity1 @entity5 . We report the use of two @entity26 measurement techniques in @entity1 @entity1313 and compare these data with semiquantitative histological end points. Oxygenation was measured using the Eppendorf needle electrode and/or EF5 binding in 28 @entity1313 . These data were compared with @entity39 , mitosis, and endothelial proliferation. In some @entity5 , absolute EF5 binding was converted to tissue pO(2) based on in vitro calibrations. Eppendorf electrode readings could not be used to identify WHO grade 1/2 versus WHO grade 3/4 @entity5 , they could not differentiate grade 3 versus grade 4 glial-derived @entity5 , nor did they correlate with @entity39 or endothelial proliferation scores. EF5 binding increased as the @entity5 grade increased and was significantly associated with @entity39 and endothelial proliferation. There was no statistically significant correlation between the two @entity519 detection techniques, although both methods indicated similar absolute ranges of tissue @entity4095 . There was substantial inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of EF5 binding in WHO grade 4 @entity66 . The majority of cells in glial-derived @entity5 had levels of @entity519 that were mild to moderate (defined herein as 10% to 0.5% @entity4095 ) rather than severe (defined as approximately 0.1% @entity4095 ). Immunohistochemical detection of EF5 binding tracks histological parameters in @entity1313 , with increased binding associated with increasing @entity39 and endothelial proliferation. The proportion of moderately to severely @entity519 cells is relatively low, even in the high-grade @entity5 . @entity1 @entity1313 are dominated by oxic to moderately @entity519 cells.

title: Comparative measurements of XXXX in @entity1 @entity1313 using needle electrodes and EF5 binding.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['adult brain tumors', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: @entity519 is known to be an important prognostic marker in many @entity1 @entity5 . We report the use of two @entity26 measurement techniques in @entity1 @entity1313 and compare these data with semiquantitative histological end points. Oxygenation was measured using the Eppendorf needle electrode and/or EF5 binding in 28 @entity1313 . These data were compared with @entity39 , mitosis, and endothelial proliferation. In some @entity5 , absolute EF5 binding was converted to tissue pO(2) based on in vitro calibrations. Eppendorf electrode readings could not be used to identify WHO grade 1/2 versus WHO grade 3/4 @entity5 , they could not differentiate grade 3 versus grade 4 glial-derived @entity5 , nor did they correlate with @entity39 or endothelial proliferation scores. EF5 binding increased as the @entity5 grade increased and was significantly associated with @entity39 and endothelial proliferation. There was no statistically significant correlation between the two @entity519 detection techniques, although both methods indicated similar absolute ranges of tissue @entity4095 . There was substantial inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of EF5 binding in WHO grade 4 @entity66 . The majority of cells in glial-derived @entity5 had levels of @entity519 that were mild to moderate (defined herein as 10% to 0.5% @entity4095 ) rather than severe (defined as approximately 0.1% @entity4095 ). Immunohistochemical detection of EF5 binding tracks histological parameters in @entity1313 , with increased binding associated with increasing @entity39 and endothelial proliferation. The proportion of moderately to severely @entity519 cells is relatively low, even in the high-grade @entity5 . @entity1 @entity1313 are dominated by oxic to moderately @entity519 cells.

title: Comparative measurements of @entity519 in @entity1 XXXX using needle electrodes and EF5 binding.

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: @entity519 is known to be an important prognostic marker in many @entity1 @entity5 . We report the use of two @entity26 measurement techniques in @entity1 @entity1313 and compare these data with semiquantitative histological end points. Oxygenation was measured using the Eppendorf needle electrode and/or EF5 binding in 28 @entity1313 . These data were compared with @entity39 , mitosis, and endothelial proliferation. In some @entity5 , absolute EF5 binding was converted to tissue pO(2) based on in vitro calibrations. Eppendorf electrode readings could not be used to identify WHO grade 1/2 versus WHO grade 3/4 @entity5 , they could not differentiate grade 3 versus grade 4 glial-derived @entity5 , nor did they correlate with @entity39 or endothelial proliferation scores. EF5 binding increased as the @entity5 grade increased and was significantly associated with @entity39 and endothelial proliferation. There was no statistically significant correlation between the two @entity519 detection techniques, although both methods indicated similar absolute ranges of tissue @entity4095 . There was substantial inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of EF5 binding in WHO grade 4 @entity66 . The majority of cells in glial-derived @entity5 had levels of @entity519 that were mild to moderate (defined herein as 10% to 0.5% @entity4095 ) rather than severe (defined as approximately 0.1% @entity4095 ). Immunohistochemical detection of EF5 binding tracks histological parameters in @entity1313 , with increased binding associated with increasing @entity39 and endothelial proliferation. The proportion of moderately to severely @entity519 cells is relatively low, even in the high-grade @entity5 . @entity1 @entity1313 are dominated by oxic to moderately @entity519 cells.

title: Comparative measurements of @entity519 in XXXX @entity1313 using needle electrodes and EF5 binding.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy has been used to visualize the fibrillization of @entity2532 , a hormone which in aggregated forms plays a role in type 2 @entity6 pathology. Data were obtained at acidic pH where fibrillization is hindered by the charging of @entity3793 18 and at slightly basic pH where the loss of charge on the @entity3793 promotes aggregation. The experiments show three types of aggregate growth processes. In the earliest steps globular seeds are formed with some expanding radially during the course of the reaction. The dimensions of the globular seeds as well as their staining with the amyloid-specific dye @entity7732 indicate that they are plaques of short fibrils. The next species observed are fibrils that invariably grow from large globular seeds or smaller punctate granules. Fibril elongation appears to be unidirectional, although in some cases multiple fibrils radiate from a single seed or granule. After fibrils are formed, some show an increase in fluorescence intensity that we attribute to the growth of new fibrils alongside those previously formed. All three aggregation processes are suggestive of secondary (heterogeneous) nucleation mechanisms in which nucleation occurs on preformed fibrils. Consistently, electron micrographs show changes in fibril morphology well after fibrils are first formed, and the growth processes observed by fluorescence microscopy occur after the corresponding solution reactions have reached an initial apparent plateau. Taken together, the results highlight the importance of secondary nucleation in the fibrillization of @entity2532 , as this could provide a pathway to continue fibril growth once an initial population of fibrils is established.

title: Heterogeneous XXXX fibril growth mechanisms imaged by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity7732 :: ('MESH:C009462', 'Chemical') :: ['thioflavin T']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity2532 :: (3375,Gene) :: ['amylin']


abstract: The behavior of @entity5606 otherwise lacking malignant features remains unknown as most of the originally reported aggressive cases showed anaplastic histologic features independently of rhabdoid phenotype. We studied 44 @entity1 with @entity5606 lacking anaplastic features. Median age at diagnosis was 48.6 years (range 10-79). Location was supratentorial in 28 (63.6%), skull base in 15 (34.1%), and spinal in 1 (2.3%). @entity5 grade was otherwise World Health Organization grade I (n   =   22, 50%) or II (n   =   22, 50%). Rhabdoid cells represented <20% of the @entity5 in 12 cases (27.3%), 20% to 50% in 18 (40.9%), and >50% in 14 (31.8%). Median clinical follow-up, available for 38 @entity1 , was 5.0 years (range 0.17-14.2). Recurrence occurred in 9 @entity1 (5-year recurrence-free survival, 73.7%) with a significantly higher risk in subtotally resected @entity5 (p   =   0.043). Rhabdoid cell percentage was not associated with recurrence. Six @entity1 died (4 of disease, 2 of unclear causes); 5-year overall survival was 86.7%, a mortality in excess of that expected in grade I-II @entity1653 but much lower than originally reported. Review of 50 similar previously reported cases confirmed our findings. We suggest that @entity5606 be graded analogously to nonrhabdoid @entity5 , with caution that some may still behave aggressively and close follow-up is recommended.

title: XXXX With Rhabdoid Features Lacking Other Histologic Features of Malignancy: A Study of 44 Cases and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdoid meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Meningiomas']


abstract: @entity4094 can be relatively easily measured in the clinical setting. Consequently, closed-loop control can be exercised by measuring the neuromuscular activity, calculating the dose of drug necessary to achieve a predefined degree of @entity4094 and finally directing an infusion pump. Recently introduced short-acting @entity616 agents like @entity24478 provide benefits for the clinical routine due to a small onset time and half life. In order to provide a stable blockade for different groups of @entity1 a fast and highly adaptable control unit is needed. Furthermore its development should not imply costly investigations for determining a pharmacological model. The fulfilling of these requirements yield a self-adapting model-based predictive control system. The application of artificial @entity1274 allows an appropriate adjustment of specific parameters without the knowledge of inner pharmacodynamic processes. In a clinical study the EMG module within a Datex AS/3 monitor was used to measure the blockade and a Grasepy 3500 infusion pump for i.v. administration of mivacurium to 35 @entity1 (ASA I-III). The performance of the novel system (mean of the T1 error: -0.32 +/- 1.7) compares favourably with closed-loop controllers demonstrated in the past. These promising results and the easy adaption to other @entity616 agents encourage to apply this technology even for delivering hypnotic drugs.

title: Nonlinear model-based predictive control of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade', 'Neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity24478 :: ('MESH:C049430', 'Chemical') :: ['mivacurium']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['blocking']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['neural networks']


abstract: A review of @entity1 with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency, symptomatic medial compartment @entity571 , and varus malalignment of the knee was performed. Twenty-six @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Twelve @entity1 were treated with a valgus closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy (group 1). Fourteen @entity1 were treated with a valgus closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy combined with arthroscopic ACL reconstruction (group 2). Twenty-five @entity1 were available for follow-up at a minimum of 2 years. For group 1 @entity1 , high tibial osteotomy alone had no effect on the Lachman test or pivot shift phenomena. For group 2 @entity1 , combined high tibial osteotomy/ACL reconstruction resulted in a grade 1 Lachman test in 11 of 13 @entity1 , and a negative pivot shift in 12 of 13 @entity1 . No @entity51 were noted in either group. Prior to surgery, 14 (56%) @entity1 participated in recreational sports; 23 (92%) @entity1 were able to participate in recreational sports at follow-up. Radiographs demonstrated osteoarthritic progression in group 1 and 2 @entity1 (P<.05). The results of this study suggest that high tibial osteotomy alone and combined high tibial osteotomy/ACL reconstructions are effective in the surgical treatment of varus, @entity1347 knees with symptomatic medial compartment @entity625 ; however, good or excellent results were more often seen after the combined procedure.

title: The short-term outcome of surgical treatment for painful varus XXXX in association with chronic @entity1347 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ACL-deficient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in range of motion']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: A review of @entity1 with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency, symptomatic medial compartment @entity571 , and varus malalignment of the knee was performed. Twenty-six @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Twelve @entity1 were treated with a valgus closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy (group 1). Fourteen @entity1 were treated with a valgus closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy combined with arthroscopic ACL reconstruction (group 2). Twenty-five @entity1 were available for follow-up at a minimum of 2 years. For group 1 @entity1 , high tibial osteotomy alone had no effect on the Lachman test or pivot shift phenomena. For group 2 @entity1 , combined high tibial osteotomy/ACL reconstruction resulted in a grade 1 Lachman test in 11 of 13 @entity1 , and a negative pivot shift in 12 of 13 @entity1 . No @entity51 were noted in either group. Prior to surgery, 14 (56%) @entity1 participated in recreational sports; 23 (92%) @entity1 were able to participate in recreational sports at follow-up. Radiographs demonstrated osteoarthritic progression in group 1 and 2 @entity1 (P<.05). The results of this study suggest that high tibial osteotomy alone and combined high tibial osteotomy/ACL reconstructions are effective in the surgical treatment of varus, @entity1347 knees with symptomatic medial compartment @entity625 ; however, good or excellent results were more often seen after the combined procedure.

title: The short-term outcome of surgical treatment for painful varus @entity625 in association with chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['ACL deficiency']


abstract: This prospective randomized study compared the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity10442 and @entity619 to those of @entity10442 alone for antiemetic control in @entity1 receiving high-dose chemotherapy with or without @entity348 ( @entity348 ) for stem cell transplantation. @entity1 were divided randomly into 2 groups. Groups received @entity10442 twice daily at a dose of 40 microg/kg with or without 4 mg @entity619 (GS group and G group, respectively), starting 30 minutes before each dose of chemotherapeutic agent or @entity348 , or 12 hours after the first dose if @entity348 or a drug was given once a day. Fifty @entity1 were evaluated for the analysis. During the first 24 hours of conditioning, 23 of 25 @entity1 (92.0%) in the GS group achieved complete control of emesis (no emetic episodes over the course of a day), compared with 72.0% in the G group (P = .06). For @entity1 receiving @entity348 on the first day of conditioning, complete emetic control was achieved in all @entity1 (100.0%) in the GS group, compared with 63.2% in the G group (P = .02). The same degree of emetic control was maintained throughout the conditioning period in 38.8% of the GS group and 29.9% of the G group (P = .10). Adverse reactions were observed more frequently in the GS group (68.0% versus 5.0% in the G group). These reactions included @entity22 , @entity10 , @entity1671 , and @entity4854 . None of the events were serious. We conclude that @entity10442 with @entity619 seems superior to @entity10442 alone for the prevention of emesis resulting from the conditioning regimen; however, the more frequent side effects may limit the wide use of this combination.

title: XXXX plus @entity619 versus @entity10442 alone in the prevention of vomiting induced by conditioning for stem cell transplantation: a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity10442 :: ('MESH:D017829', 'Chemical') :: ['granisetron']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity10442 :: (MESH:D017829,Chemical) :: ['Granisetron']


abstract: This prospective randomized study compared the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity10442 and @entity619 to those of @entity10442 alone for antiemetic control in @entity1 receiving high-dose chemotherapy with or without @entity348 ( @entity348 ) for stem cell transplantation. @entity1 were divided randomly into 2 groups. Groups received @entity10442 twice daily at a dose of 40 microg/kg with or without 4 mg @entity619 (GS group and G group, respectively), starting 30 minutes before each dose of chemotherapeutic agent or @entity348 , or 12 hours after the first dose if @entity348 or a drug was given once a day. Fifty @entity1 were evaluated for the analysis. During the first 24 hours of conditioning, 23 of 25 @entity1 (92.0%) in the GS group achieved complete control of emesis (no emetic episodes over the course of a day), compared with 72.0% in the G group (P = .06). For @entity1 receiving @entity348 on the first day of conditioning, complete emetic control was achieved in all @entity1 (100.0%) in the GS group, compared with 63.2% in the G group (P = .02). The same degree of emetic control was maintained throughout the conditioning period in 38.8% of the GS group and 29.9% of the G group (P = .10). Adverse reactions were observed more frequently in the GS group (68.0% versus 5.0% in the G group). These reactions included @entity22 , @entity10 , @entity1671 , and @entity4854 . None of the events were serious. We conclude that @entity10442 with @entity619 seems superior to @entity10442 alone for the prevention of emesis resulting from the conditioning regimen; however, the more frequent side effects may limit the wide use of this combination.

title: @entity10442 plus @entity619 versus XXXX alone in the prevention of vomiting induced by conditioning for stem cell transplantation: a prospective randomized study.

answer: @entity10442 :: (MESH:D017829,Chemical) :: ['granisetron']


abstract: This prospective randomized study compared the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity10442 and @entity619 to those of @entity10442 alone for antiemetic control in @entity1 receiving high-dose chemotherapy with or without @entity348 ( @entity348 ) for stem cell transplantation. @entity1 were divided randomly into 2 groups. Groups received @entity10442 twice daily at a dose of 40 microg/kg with or without 4 mg @entity619 (GS group and G group, respectively), starting 30 minutes before each dose of chemotherapeutic agent or @entity348 , or 12 hours after the first dose if @entity348 or a drug was given once a day. Fifty @entity1 were evaluated for the analysis. During the first 24 hours of conditioning, 23 of 25 @entity1 (92.0%) in the GS group achieved complete control of emesis (no emetic episodes over the course of a day), compared with 72.0% in the G group (P = .06). For @entity1 receiving @entity348 on the first day of conditioning, complete emetic control was achieved in all @entity1 (100.0%) in the GS group, compared with 63.2% in the G group (P = .02). The same degree of emetic control was maintained throughout the conditioning period in 38.8% of the GS group and 29.9% of the G group (P = .10). Adverse reactions were observed more frequently in the GS group (68.0% versus 5.0% in the G group). These reactions included @entity22 , @entity10 , @entity1671 , and @entity4854 . None of the events were serious. We conclude that @entity10442 with @entity619 seems superior to @entity10442 alone for the prevention of emesis resulting from the conditioning regimen; however, the more frequent side effects may limit the wide use of this combination.

title: @entity10442 plus XXXX versus @entity10442 alone in the prevention of vomiting induced by conditioning for stem cell transplantation: a prospective randomized study.

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin ( @entity15901 ) is a protein present in neutrophils. @entity15901 is a promising biomarker for @entity810 . In @entity293 , urinary neutrophils can be a potential source of urinary @entity15901 . We investigated the effects of @entity293 and urinary neutrophil counts on urinary @entity15901 values. METHODS: @entity15901 was assayed using an immunoassay (ARCHITECT). Urine flowcytometry was performed with the UF-1000i (Sysmex). RESULTS: A correlation between the urinary white blood cell (WBC) count and @entity15901 concentrations was observed: log(Y) ( @entity15901 ,  g/L)=1.284+0.439 log(X) (urinary WBC, 10(9) cells/L); r=0.518. Similarly, the bacterial count correlated weakly with @entity15901 ( @entity15901 ,  g/L)=1.796+0.124 log(X) (bacterial count, 10(9) cells/L); r=0.243. @entity633 correlated moderately with @entity15901 values: log(Y) ( @entity15901 ,  g/L)=1.557+0.339 log(X) ( @entity633 , mg/L); r=0.368; a(1)-microglobulin (a1M) correlated weakly with @entity15901 ( @entity15901 ,  g/L)=1.631+0.360 log(X) (a1M, mg/L); r=0.381. CONCLUSIONS: Leukocyte contributions to urinary @entity15901 concentrations can be important. In leukocyturia or tubular damage (e.g., intensive care @entity1 ), using a fixed cut-off value for interpreting urinary @entity15901 data can lead to false positive results. Therefore, we suggest a mathematical correction in cases with @entity4658 (>100*10(9) cells/L) and urinary @entity15901 concentration >100  g/L: corrected @entity15901 ( g/L)= @entity15901 -0.12 (urinary WBC, 10(9) cells/L).

title: Increased urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin in XXXX and leukocyturia.

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: In order to get deeper understanding of @entity6 (DR), we analyzed and evauated the results of the amplitude and latency of F-ERG a-wave, b-wave and the total amplitudes of oscillatory potentials(OPs). METHODS: F-ERG of 105 eyes from 55 cases of @entity3918 were diagnosed by the medical department from July 1997 to July 1998. The 105 eyes were examined by ophthalmoscope and fluorescing in angiography and divided into there groups: 22 eyes with @entity3918 without DR( @entity30092 ), 56 eyes with background DR(BDR) and 27 eyes with proliferate DR( @entity1106 ). In addition, 30 eyes were regard as normal control group(NCG). We used VATA-2000 type vision electrophysiological instrument and inter-national standard for clinical ERG to do measure meat and recording automatically by computer. RESULTS: 1. The proportion of eyes number of invisible wave of a-wave, b-wave of F-ERG and Ops increased with the development of DR. 2. There were significant differences(P < 0.01) in the latency of a-wave between NCG and BDR and statistical significance(P < 0.05) between BDR and @entity30092 . There were significant differences(P < 0.01) in the amplitude of b-wave among NCG and BDR, NCG and @entity1106 , @entity30092 and BDR, @entity30092 and @entity1106 . 3. The total amplitudes of OPs lowered with progressions of DR. There were significant differences(P < 0.01) in tota amplitudes of OPs between NCG and @entity30092 , NCG and BDR, @entity30092 and BDR, statistical significance(P < 0.05) between @entity30092 and @entity1106 . 4. There was no correlation between each index and the duration of the disease (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The amplitude of a-wave, b-wave, and total amplitudes are the targets for early diagnosis of DR. The combined analyses of the three indexes of ERG can determine the severity, curative effect, and prognosis of the disease.

title: The analysis of electroretinography of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has been considered to be safe and feasible. However, few studies focused on the comparison between the anatomic and nonanatomic LLR. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the perioperative factors and outcomes of the anatomic and nonanatomic LLR, especially the area of liver parenchymal transection and @entity190 per unit area. METHODS: In this study, surgical and oncological data of @entity1 underwent pure LLR procedures for @entity96 were prospectively collected. @entity190 per unit area of liver parenchymal transection was measured and considered as an important parameter. All procedures were conducted by a single surgeon. RESULTS: During nearly 5 years, 84 @entity1 with @entity96 received a pure LLR procedure were included. Among them, 34 @entity1 received anatomic LLR and 50 received nonanatomic LLR, respectively. @entity1 of the two groups were similar in terms of demographic features and @entity5 characteristics, despite the @entity5 size was significantly larger in the anatomic LLR group than that in the nonanatomic LLR group (4.77    2.57 vs. 2.87    2.10 cm, P = 0.001). @entity1 who underwent anatomic resection had longer operation time (364.09    131.22 vs. 252.00    135.21 min, P < 0.001) but less @entity190 per unit area (7.85    7.17 vs. 14.17    10.43 ml/cm 2 , P = 0.018). Nonanatomic LLR was associated with more @entity190 when the area of parenchymal transection was equal to the anatomic LLR. No mortality occurred during the hospital stay and 30 days after the operation. Moreover, there was no difference in the incidence of @entity260 . The disease-free and overall survival rates showed no significant differences between the anatomic LLR and nonanatomic LLR groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both anatomic and nonanatomic pure LLR are safe and feasible. Measuring the area of parenchymal transection is a simple and effective method to estimate the outcomes of the liver resection surgery. @entity190 per unit area is an important parameter which is comparable between the anatomic LLR and nonanatomic LLR groups.

title: Pure Laparoscopic Liver Resection for XXXX : Anatomic Resection Versus Nonanatomic Resection.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['Malignant Liver Tumor']


abstract: The ciliated columnar epithelium in the @entity19 nasopharynx was studied by use of light and electron microscopes. The ciliated cells were divided into 3 types because of the variability in electron density of the ground cytoplasm. The @entity23457 ciliated cells were characterized by well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and rod-shaped mitochondria with regular arrangements of pronounced cristae. In the light ciliated cells endoplasmic reticulum was poorly developed and mitochondria were vacuolated with irregular arrangements of cristae. Furthermore, there existed the "medium ciliated cells," termed by the authors, of which the cytoplasm was medium in electron density between the @entity23457 and the light ciliated cells, and some mitochondria were rod-shaped and others were vacuolated. The medium ciliated cells are regarded to be at a stage of transformation from the @entity23457 ciliated cells to the light ones. These findings suggest that the @entity23457 ciliated cells swell to decrease their electron density with declining activity, and finally transform into the light ciliated cells. The cells, termed the "potential ciliated cells" by the authors, were scattered between the ciliated cells, reached the lumen and had no cilia. They contained many procentrioles suggesting ciliogenesis and had a cytoplasm of the same electron density as that of the @entity23457 ciliated cells. It is considered that the @entity23457 ciliated cells originate from the potential ciliated cells.

title: New observations on the fine structure of the normal nasopharyngeal epithelium of the XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe and to evaluate the clinical and economic implications of pharmacists' interventions as members of the liver transplant team for hospitalized liver recipients. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive and cost-benefit analysis of documented pharmacist interventions for hospitalized @entity1 from January 2010 to June 2012 was conducted. The type of drug-related problems (DRPs) was categorized. The clinical significance of pharmacist interventions was rated using five scales by two professionals. The cost avoidance was estimated based on the probability that an @entity137 ( @entity137 ) would have occurred without intervention using previously reported additional costs for @entity137 treatment. RESULTS: A total of 1,880 interventions were documented for 420 liver transplant recipients. The most common DRP was "need additional drug therapy" (42.6%), followed by "dosage problems" (23.5%). The most common drug class addressed by intervention was antimicrobials (51.4%). Most interventions were rated as more than clinically "significant". Analysis showed that pharmacist activities related to potential @entity137 prevention had a clear cost-benefit with a net cost-benefit     94,009 and a cost-benefit ratio of 3.8. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the positive impact of clinical pharmacists on the care of hospitalized liver transplant @entity1 in terms of both clinical and economic outcomes.

title: Clinical and economic evaluation of pharmacists' contribution to XXXX care on a multi-disciplinary liver transplant team.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug event', 'ADE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Solid-pseudopapillary @entity5 (SPT) of the pancreas is a rare @entity5 , generally characterized by a well-encapsulated mass. The aim of the current study was to analyse the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of @entity1 with SPT. In this study, we report our clinical experience with 16 cases of SPTs. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 who underwent surgery for pathologically confirmed SPT were included. Data of the @entity1 were reviewed from the prospectively recorded database. @entity1 ' demographics, laboratory values, clinical presentation, radiological imaging findings, surgical treatment, perioperative complications, pathological features, post-operative course, and long-term survival were collected and analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using the computer program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 for Windows. RESULTS: The @entity5 ranged from 2 to 11 cm in diameter and were located in the head in ten @entity1 (62.5%), the neck in two @entity1 (12.5%), and the body or tail in four @entity1 (25%). All @entity1 were @entity1 whose ages ranged from 21 to 79 years (mean age was 41.62    15.08). @entity1 had resection margins free of @entity5 resections and there were no preoperative or postoperative mortalities. There was no recurrence or @entity3 after the surgical resection. All @entity1 were alive at a mean follow-up of 49.06    29.53 months (range 6 to 99). CONCLUSION: SPT is a rare @entity788 with a low malignant potential, and is common in young @entity1 . If SPT is diagnosed before surgery, complete surgical resection, generally enucleation is the most effective therapy for SPT.

title: Surgical Outcomes of XXXX : A Single Institution's Experience of 16 Cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas']


abstract: AIMS: A large meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials has seriously questioned chemoprevention based on vitamins including @entity270 (VE), and an increased risk for @entity5 among long-term users was actually seen. However, the mechanism underlying these findings still remain unknown. To clarify the mechanism, in an in vivo model we studied the putative disruption of redox homeostasis and the perturbation of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes determined by VE. MAIN METHODS: Male @entity35 were treated ip with either 100 or 200mg/kg b.w. daily for 7 or 14 consecutive days. Controls received vehicle only. @entity1447 ( @entity1447 ) content, @entity1447 -reductase, @entity1447 -linked monooxygenases, as well as phase-II and the antioxidant enzymes catalase and @entity1110 : @entity3276 reductase were investigated in both liver and kidney. Free radical species in tissue subcellular preparations were measured by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled to a radical probe technique. KEY FINDINGS: No substantial changes of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism enzymes were determined by VE. Conversely, a powerful booster effect of various renal phase-I carcinogen bioactivating enzymes at both dosages and observational times was recorded. While no relevant changes of post-oxidative phase-II reactions were found in the liver, a significant inactivating effect was caused by VE in renal tissues. Antioxidant enzymes were found mainly down regulated by the treatment. In the kidney, a marked free radical over-generation linkd to @entity1447 indiction was observed. SIGNIFICANCE: This study proved that VE acts as a co-carcinogen and pro-oxidant agent. Such epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to explain the harmful outcomes observed in @entity1 .

title: Disruption of redox homeostasis and carcinogen metabolizing enzymes changes by administration of XXXX to @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: AIMS: A large meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials has seriously questioned chemoprevention based on vitamins including @entity270 (VE), and an increased risk for @entity5 among long-term users was actually seen. However, the mechanism underlying these findings still remain unknown. To clarify the mechanism, in an in vivo model we studied the putative disruption of redox homeostasis and the perturbation of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes determined by VE. MAIN METHODS: Male @entity35 were treated ip with either 100 or 200mg/kg b.w. daily for 7 or 14 consecutive days. Controls received vehicle only. @entity1447 ( @entity1447 ) content, @entity1447 -reductase, @entity1447 -linked monooxygenases, as well as phase-II and the antioxidant enzymes catalase and @entity1110 : @entity3276 reductase were investigated in both liver and kidney. Free radical species in tissue subcellular preparations were measured by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled to a radical probe technique. KEY FINDINGS: No substantial changes of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism enzymes were determined by VE. Conversely, a powerful booster effect of various renal phase-I carcinogen bioactivating enzymes at both dosages and observational times was recorded. While no relevant changes of post-oxidative phase-II reactions were found in the liver, a significant inactivating effect was caused by VE in renal tissues. Antioxidant enzymes were found mainly down regulated by the treatment. In the kidney, a marked free radical over-generation linkd to @entity1447 indiction was observed. SIGNIFICANCE: This study proved that VE acts as a co-carcinogen and pro-oxidant agent. Such epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to explain the harmful outcomes observed in @entity1 .

title: Disruption of redox homeostasis and carcinogen metabolizing enzymes changes by administration of @entity270 to XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few data are available concerning the frequency of @entity2259 after diagnostic EUS or EUS-guided FNA. This study was undertaken to provide these data and to determine whether present guidelines for prophylactic administration of antibiotics to prevent @entity884 during upper endoscopy are applicable to EUS and EUS-guided FNA. METHODS: A total of 100 @entity1 who were to undergo diagnostic EUS of the upper-GI tract and 50 who were to have upper-GI EUS-guided FNA were enrolled in this prospective study. Blood cultures were obtained before and within 5 minutes after the conclusion of the procedure. In case of bacterial growth, @entity1 were observed for at least 3 days for signs of @entity281 . RESULTS: After diagnostic EUS, significant @entity2259 was found in two @entity1 with @entity418 (2%: 95% CI[0%, 4.8%]) and after EUS-guided FNA in two @entity1 (4%: 95% CI[0%, 9.6%]). The difference was not statistically significant. None of these @entity1 developed clinical signs of @entity281 . Risk factors predisposing to @entity2259 could not be identified. CONCLUSION: The frequency of @entity2259 after EUS, with and without FNA, is within the range of that for diagnostic upper endoscopy. Therefore, the same recommendations for prophylactic administration of antibiotics to prevent @entity884 may be applied in @entity1 undergoing EUS and EUS-guided FNA. The role of @entity418 as a predisposing factor to EUS-associated @entity281 remains uncertain.

title: Frequency of XXXX after linear EUS of the upper GI tract with and without FNA.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']