abstract: AIM: To explore the roles of @entity842 synthase (NOS), @entity1446 oxygenase (HO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) in gastric ulceration and to investigate the relationships of the expression and activities of these enzymes at different stages of gastric ulceration. METHODS: @entity2275 (kissing ulcers) were induced by luminal application of @entity1543 . Gastric tissue samples were obtained from the @entity1066 base, @entity1066 margin, and non-ulcerated area around the @entity1066 margin at different time intervals after @entity1066 induction. The mRNA expression and protein levels of inducible and constitutive isoforms of NOS, HO and COX were analyzed with RT-PCR and Western blotting methods. The activities of the total NOS, @entity1506 ( @entity1506 ), HO, and COX were also determined. RESULTS: Differential expression of inducible @entity1506 , @entity22456 and @entity4665 and enzyme activities of NOS, HO and COX were found in the gastric @entity1066 base. High @entity1506 expression and activity were observed on day 1 to day 3 in severely inflamed @entity1066 tissues. Maximum expressions of @entity22456 and @entity4665 and enzyme activities of HO and COX lagged behind that of @entity1506 , and remained at high levels during the healing phase. CONCLUSION: The expression and activities of @entity1506 , @entity22456 and @entity4665 are found to be correlated to different stages of gastric ulceration. @entity1506 may contribute to @entity1066 formation while @entity22456 and @entity4665 may promote @entity1066 .

title: Expression and activities of three inducible enzymes in the healing of XXXX in rats.

entities_list: @entity1506 :: ('24599(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Inducible NOS', 'inducible NOS', 'iNOS']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['gastric ulcers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite numerous studies regarding @entity28 ( @entity28 ) in adult @entity162 ( @entity162 ), there are few studies on this topic among adolescents. The current study attempts to extend the literature on prevalence and correlates of @entity28 in adolescent @entity162 by including control @entity1 , and determining @entity28 by direct measurement. METHODS: @entity1 were 75 treatment-seeking adolescents, ages 13-19 years, with @entity162 -I, -II, or -not otherwise specified, and 47 adolescents without major @entity146 . Diagnoses and clinical characteristics were assessed using the Kiddie Schedule for @entity1316 and @entity161 for School Age @entity1 , Present and Lifetime version (KSADS-PL). Family @entity146 history was assessed using the Family History Screen. @entity28 was defined as adjusted body-mass index >= 95th percentile. Variables associated with @entity28 in univariate analyses informed variable selection for within-group logistic regression analysis among @entity162 adolescents. RESULTS: @entity162 @entity1 had a significantly higher rate of @entity28 (18%) compared to controls (4%;   (2)   =   5.3; p   =   0.02). @entity162 remained a significant predictor for @entity28 when controlling for race (odds ratio [OR]   =   5.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]   =   1.1-24.0, p   =   0.04). In univariate analyses among @entity162 adolescents, @entity28 was significantly associated with suicide attempt, self-injurious behavior, and @entity952 . In multivariable analyses, suicide attempt and antidepressants that were not selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors were significantly associated with @entity28 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity28 is excessively prevalent among adolescents with @entity162 and is associated with proxies for illness severity, including suicide attempts. Additional research is warranted to identify strategies to prevent and treat @entity28 among @entity162 adolescents, and to elucidate processes underlying the elevated risk of suicide attempts.

title: Controlled Study of Obesity Among Adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BP']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Affective Disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional defiant disorder']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Bipolar Disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic @entity2287 administration in evidencing endolymphatic hydrops in @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity601 ). @entity1 : A total of 26 @entity1 (18 male and 8 female subjects, aged 25-78 yr; median age, 56 yr) with definite @entity601 and 12 subjects (8 male and 4 female subjects, aged 31-75 yr; median age, 51 yr) with various unilateral @entity74 of the inner ear were examined. INTERVENTION: A 0.6-ml solution of @entity2288 (1 mmol/ml), diluted 1:7 in saline, was injected in the affected ear through the inferior-posterior quadrant of the tympanic membrane, using a 22-gauge spinal needle. In 9 @entity601 @entity1 , the contralateral ear also was injected. The @entity1 was kept with the head rotated 45 degrees contralaterally for 30 minutes after each injection. Twenty-four hours later, a 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging using a 3 Tesla unit was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Perilymphatic enhancement was evaluated in different portions of the labyrinth in @entity601 ears and compared with the outcomes obtained in the non- @entity601 ears. RESULTS: All @entity601 ears showed impaired perilymphatic enhancement of variable degrees. No enhancement defects could be observed in all examined contralateral unaffected ear of the @entity1 with @entity601 , as well as in 11 of the 12 ears of the subjects with various unilateral @entity74 . CONCLUSION: Perilymphatic enhancement defect of variable degrees is observed in the pathologic ear of every @entity1 with @entity601 . The consistency of this phenomenon in @entity601 ears and the complete enhancement in most of the ears without @entity601 safely enable to attribute these findings to endolymphatic hydrops. It is likely in the near future that imaging may be used to achieve a certain diagnosis of @entity601 in life.

title: Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic administration of XXXX in the identification of endolymphatic hydrops in @entity1 with @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2288 :: ('MESH:C090600', 'Chemical') :: ['gadobutrol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['non-MD disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["M  ni  re's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic @entity2287 administration in evidencing endolymphatic hydrops in @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity601 ). @entity1 : A total of 26 @entity1 (18 male and 8 female subjects, aged 25-78 yr; median age, 56 yr) with definite @entity601 and 12 subjects (8 male and 4 female subjects, aged 31-75 yr; median age, 51 yr) with various unilateral @entity74 of the inner ear were examined. INTERVENTION: A 0.6-ml solution of @entity2288 (1 mmol/ml), diluted 1:7 in saline, was injected in the affected ear through the inferior-posterior quadrant of the tympanic membrane, using a 22-gauge spinal needle. In 9 @entity601 @entity1 , the contralateral ear also was injected. The @entity1 was kept with the head rotated 45 degrees contralaterally for 30 minutes after each injection. Twenty-four hours later, a 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging using a 3 Tesla unit was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Perilymphatic enhancement was evaluated in different portions of the labyrinth in @entity601 ears and compared with the outcomes obtained in the non- @entity601 ears. RESULTS: All @entity601 ears showed impaired perilymphatic enhancement of variable degrees. No enhancement defects could be observed in all examined contralateral unaffected ear of the @entity1 with @entity601 , as well as in 11 of the 12 ears of the subjects with various unilateral @entity74 . CONCLUSION: Perilymphatic enhancement defect of variable degrees is observed in the pathologic ear of every @entity1 with @entity601 . The consistency of this phenomenon in @entity601 ears and the complete enhancement in most of the ears without @entity601 safely enable to attribute these findings to endolymphatic hydrops. It is likely in the near future that imaging may be used to achieve a certain diagnosis of @entity601 in life.

title: Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic administration of @entity2287 in the identification of endolymphatic hydrops in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['M  ni  re's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic @entity2287 administration in evidencing endolymphatic hydrops in @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity601 ). @entity1 : A total of 26 @entity1 (18 male and 8 female subjects, aged 25-78 yr; median age, 56 yr) with definite @entity601 and 12 subjects (8 male and 4 female subjects, aged 31-75 yr; median age, 51 yr) with various unilateral @entity74 of the inner ear were examined. INTERVENTION: A 0.6-ml solution of @entity2288 (1 mmol/ml), diluted 1:7 in saline, was injected in the affected ear through the inferior-posterior quadrant of the tympanic membrane, using a 22-gauge spinal needle. In 9 @entity601 @entity1 , the contralateral ear also was injected. The @entity1 was kept with the head rotated 45 degrees contralaterally for 30 minutes after each injection. Twenty-four hours later, a 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging using a 3 Tesla unit was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Perilymphatic enhancement was evaluated in different portions of the labyrinth in @entity601 ears and compared with the outcomes obtained in the non- @entity601 ears. RESULTS: All @entity601 ears showed impaired perilymphatic enhancement of variable degrees. No enhancement defects could be observed in all examined contralateral unaffected ear of the @entity1 with @entity601 , as well as in 11 of the 12 ears of the subjects with various unilateral @entity74 . CONCLUSION: Perilymphatic enhancement defect of variable degrees is observed in the pathologic ear of every @entity1 with @entity601 . The consistency of this phenomenon in @entity601 ears and the complete enhancement in most of the ears without @entity601 safely enable to attribute these findings to endolymphatic hydrops. It is likely in the near future that imaging may be used to achieve a certain diagnosis of @entity601 in life.

title: Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging performed after intratympanic administration of @entity2287 in the identification of endolymphatic hydrops in XXXX with @entity195 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Despite advancements in the field of surgical oncology, the diagnosis of @entity788 still carries a grave and dismal prognosis. Surgery alone for @entity420 of the pancreatic head or uncinate process has a median survival time of 12 months. These grim statistics have led many to study the effects of combined multimodality therapy in the fight against @entity788 . The long recovery time associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy has resulted in as many as 25% of @entity1 unable to proceed with planned adjuvant therapy. For these reasons preoperative or neoadjuvantc hemoradiation therapy (CRT) has been evaluated. Pre-operative CRT ensures that all eligible @entity1 receive the benefits of multimodality therapy, and @entity1 who manifest @entity3 on restaging evaluations are spared the morbidity of an unnecessary laparotomy. Multimodality therapy appears to lengthen the survival duration in @entity1 with @entity788 . It also affords a selection advantage, in that @entity1 with aggressive disease biology with advanced @entity3 following CRT are spared the morbidity of surgery. Conversely, a limited subset of @entity1 may even be downstaged, allowing for a potentially curative resection. In this article we review the current status of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in @entity420 . We discuss its rationale in light of the reported strengths and weaknesses of postoperative adjuvant CRT.

title: Preoperative chemoradiation in resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity162 are often not recognized and undertreated. The diagnosis of current or past episodes of hypomania is of importance in order to increase diagnostic certainty. The Hypomania Checklist-32 is a self-applied questionnaire aimed at recognizing these episodes. As part of the international collaborative effort to develop multi-lingual versions of the Hypomania Checklist-32, we aimed to validate the Brazilian version and to compare its psychometric properties with those of the @entity1316 Questionnaire. METHOD: Adult outpatients with @entity162 I (n=37), @entity162 II (n=44) and @entity308 (n=42) of a specialized @entity1316 unit were diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR using a modified version of the @entity915 . We analyzed the internal consistency and discriminative ability of the Hypomania Checklist-32 Brazilian version in relation to the @entity1316 Questionnaire. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the Brazilian Hypomania Checklist-32, analyzed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was 0.86. A score of 18 or higher in the Hypomania Checklist-32 Brazilian version distinguished between @entity162 and @entity308 , with a sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.58, compared to 0.70 and 0.58, respectively, for the @entity1316 Questionnaire (score>7). The Hypomania Checklist-32 Brazilian version showed a dual factor structure characterized by "active/elated" and "risk-taking/irritable" items. Hence, the Hypomania Checklist-32 Brazilian version was found to have a higher sensitivity but the same specificity as the @entity1316 Questionnaire. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the Hypomania Checklist-32 has adequate psychometric properties and helps discriminating @entity162 from @entity308 (but not @entity162 I from @entity162 II) with good sensitivity and specificity indices, similar to those of the @entity1316 Questionnaire.

title: Reliability and validity of a Brazilian version of the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) compared to the XXXX Questionnaire (MDQ).

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'Mood Disorder']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'Bipolar disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depressive disorder']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['Mood Disorder']


abstract: The primary objective of this study was to investigate structural changes, as measured by joint space narrowing (JSN), within the knee joint during treatment with intra-articular @entity4023 (HA) of molecular weight 500-730 kDa in @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee. @entity1 received a weekly intra-articular injection of either 20 mg2/ml HA or a 2 ml vehicle placebo (saline) for three weeks. This course was repeated twice more at four-monthly intervals. Concomitant treatment with analgesics or NSAIDs was allowed. The primary efficacy measure was the reduction in mean joint space width (JSW) of the medial compartment at 52 weeks. A total of 408 @entity1 were randomised and 319 completed the one-year study (HA: n=160, placebo: n=159); 273 of the 319 were included in the primary analysis. Analysis of variance on these 273 @entity1 did not show a statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups. However, there was a significant difference in response to treatment in terms of the baseline JSW (p=0.01), indicating that outcome of treatment may depend on-baseline JSW. Therefore, a subgroup analysis by baseline JSW was conducted. This compared @entity1 with a JSW >4.6 mm with those with a JSW <4.6 mm. In those with radiologically milder disease at baseline and receiving HA, the JSN was significantly reduced compared with placebo (p=0.02). In @entity1 with radiologically more severe disease there was no difference in JSN between the two treatments. Although, in this one-year study, no overall treatment effect was seen, those with radiologically milder disease at baseline had less progression of joint space narrowing when treated with HA.

title: A one-year, randomised, placebo (saline) controlled clinical trial of 500-730 kDa XXXX (Hyalgan) on the radiological change in osteoarthritis of the knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity4023 :: (MESH:D006820,Chemical) :: ['sodium hyaluronate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anastomotic dehiscence and leaks are major problems in gastrointestinal surgery and result in increased morbidity and mortality. The ideal device to create anastomoses should ensure good serosal apposition without requiring either transgression of the bowel wall or the presence of foreign material for an extended period of time. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a  new compression @entity254 clip (CAC) for jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies by comparing CAC anastomoses with @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ) anastomoses in @entity1707 in terms of healing, breaking strength and the time to create anastomoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 11 @entity1707 in the study underwent side-to-side CAC and @entity8566 jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies, for a  total of 88 anastomoses. The @entity1707 were sacrificed on postoperative day 5 (5 @entity1707 ) or 7 (6  @entity1707 ). Macroscopic, histopathological and breaking-strength examinations were performed. The time to create the anastomoses was recorded. RESULTS: Neither group had anastomotic complications such as @entity3885 . Macroscopic examination showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. In the CAC group, the healing process was characterized by a  lesser inflammatory reaction (p  <  0.05) and very thin scar tissue at the anastomotic line (less collagen deposition and better epithelial regeneration), while the @entity8566 group had a  much thicker anastomotic line. The breaking strength was significantly greater in the CAC group compared with the @entity8566 group (p  <  0.05). The @entity254 time was shorter in the CAC group than in the @entity8566 group (p  <  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity254 using a  CAC appears to be safe and less time-consuming than @entity8566 ; it was also characterized by a  good healing process with little inflammatory reaction and a  high breaking strength compared with @entity8566  @entity254 .

title: Compression XXXX Clips Versus a Hand-Sewn Technique for Intestinal @entity254 in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomosis', 'anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['leakage or obstruction']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['Anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anastomotic dehiscence and leaks are major problems in gastrointestinal surgery and result in increased morbidity and mortality. The ideal device to create anastomoses should ensure good serosal apposition without requiring either transgression of the bowel wall or the presence of foreign material for an extended period of time. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a  new compression @entity254 clip (CAC) for jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies by comparing CAC anastomoses with @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ) anastomoses in @entity1707 in terms of healing, breaking strength and the time to create anastomoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 11 @entity1707 in the study underwent side-to-side CAC and @entity8566 jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies, for a  total of 88 anastomoses. The @entity1707 were sacrificed on postoperative day 5 (5 @entity1707 ) or 7 (6  @entity1707 ). Macroscopic, histopathological and breaking-strength examinations were performed. The time to create the anastomoses was recorded. RESULTS: Neither group had anastomotic complications such as @entity3885 . Macroscopic examination showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. In the CAC group, the healing process was characterized by a  lesser inflammatory reaction (p  <  0.05) and very thin scar tissue at the anastomotic line (less collagen deposition and better epithelial regeneration), while the @entity8566 group had a  much thicker anastomotic line. The breaking strength was significantly greater in the CAC group compared with the @entity8566 group (p  <  0.05). The @entity254 time was shorter in the CAC group than in the @entity8566 group (p  <  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity254 using a  CAC appears to be safe and less time-consuming than @entity8566 ; it was also characterized by a  good healing process with little inflammatory reaction and a  high breaking strength compared with @entity8566  @entity254 .

title: Compression @entity254 Clips Versus a Hand-Sewn Technique for Intestinal XXXX in @entity1707 .

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['Anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anastomotic dehiscence and leaks are major problems in gastrointestinal surgery and result in increased morbidity and mortality. The ideal device to create anastomoses should ensure good serosal apposition without requiring either transgression of the bowel wall or the presence of foreign material for an extended period of time. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a  new compression @entity254 clip (CAC) for jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies by comparing CAC anastomoses with @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ) anastomoses in @entity1707 in terms of healing, breaking strength and the time to create anastomoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 11 @entity1707 in the study underwent side-to-side CAC and @entity8566 jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies, for a  total of 88 anastomoses. The @entity1707 were sacrificed on postoperative day 5 (5 @entity1707 ) or 7 (6  @entity1707 ). Macroscopic, histopathological and breaking-strength examinations were performed. The time to create the anastomoses was recorded. RESULTS: Neither group had anastomotic complications such as @entity3885 . Macroscopic examination showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. In the CAC group, the healing process was characterized by a  lesser inflammatory reaction (p  <  0.05) and very thin scar tissue at the anastomotic line (less collagen deposition and better epithelial regeneration), while the @entity8566 group had a  much thicker anastomotic line. The breaking strength was significantly greater in the CAC group compared with the @entity8566 group (p  <  0.05). The @entity254 time was shorter in the CAC group than in the @entity8566 group (p  <  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity254 using a  CAC appears to be safe and less time-consuming than @entity8566 ; it was also characterized by a  good healing process with little inflammatory reaction and a  high breaking strength compared with @entity8566  @entity254 .

title: Compression @entity254 Clips Versus a Hand-Sewn Technique for Intestinal @entity254 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pigs']


abstract: Hundred and ten liver biopsy specimens from various parts of the world were examined for episomal and integrated @entity97 -DNA sequences. In 54 @entity1 with HBsAg chronic @entity409 episomal @entity97 -DNA was found in 83% of HBeAg-positive @entity1 , compared to only 22% of patients with anti-HBe. Furthermore episomal @entity97 -DNA in the latter predominated among the Asians. Integrated @entity97 -DNA was found only in 5.5% of HBeAg-positive @entity1 but in 16.5% of patients with anti-HBe. In 28 HBsAg-positive @entity1 with @entity157 , episomal @entity97 -DNA was found in 50% of HBeAg-positive @entity1 but in only 11% of anti-HBe @entity1 . Conversely integrated sequences were less common (25%) in HBe-Ag-positive @entity1 than in anti-HBe @entity1 (50%), giving an overall incidence of integration in this group of 45%. No episomal, and only one case of integrated sequences of @entity97 -DNA, could be detected among 10 @entity1 with @entity157 . In addition neither episomal nor integrated @entity97 -DNA could be detected in 18 @entity1 with non- @entity97 -related @entity409 . Our data suggests that stable integration of @entity97 -DNA into the host's genome is not necessarily a prerequisite for the maintenance of the state of malignant transformation but may be necessary for its initiation. Alternatively, the detection of integrated @entity97 -DNA may represent a 'snap shot' of a random integration event amplified by clonal expansion promoted by other factors.

title: Integration of XXXX -DNA may not be a prerequisite for the maintenance of the state of malignant transformation. An analysis of 110 liver biopsies.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma', 'HBsAg-negative hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

answer: @entity97 :: (10407,Species) :: ['HBV']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12878 ( @entity12878 ) are uncommon @entity703 that present with a bimodal age distribution, affecting either @entity1 /young @entity1 or adult females. Although differences between these age groups have been suggested, large studies of pediatric CN have not been conducted. As a result, the nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for these lesions remain controversial. In addition, the morphological overlap seen between CN and cystic partially differentiated @entity3969 (CPDN) can result in diagnostic dilemmas. This study reviews the morphologic and radiographic features of 44 pediatric CN prospectively enrolled on a @entity1 's Oncology Group protocol from 2007 to 2013. Although the typical multicystic architecture with thin septa described in adult CN was present in all of our pediatric cases, differences were also identified. We report distinctive features that add to the morphological spectrum of CN in @entity1 . Of the 44 cases, 16 had been previously analyzed and reported for @entity8306 mutation, and either loss of function or missense mutations or both were identified in 15 of 16. In contrast, we analyzed 10 cases of adult CN, and all were negative for @entity8306 mutations; similarly, 6 CPDNs previously analyzed and reported were negative for @entity8306 mutations. Therefore, the clinical, morphological, and genetic differences between pediatric and adult CN, as well as between CN and CPDN, suggest that these 3 lesions represent distinct entities.

title: Pediatric cystic XXXX : distinctive features and frequent @entity8306 mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity12878 :: ('MESH:D018201', 'Disease') :: ['CNs', 'Cystic nephromas']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['nephroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['benign renal neoplasms']

answer: @entity12878 :: (MESH:D018201,Disease) :: ['nephromas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12878 ( @entity12878 ) are uncommon @entity703 that present with a bimodal age distribution, affecting either @entity1 /young @entity1 or adult females. Although differences between these age groups have been suggested, large studies of pediatric CN have not been conducted. As a result, the nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for these lesions remain controversial. In addition, the morphological overlap seen between CN and cystic partially differentiated @entity3969 (CPDN) can result in diagnostic dilemmas. This study reviews the morphologic and radiographic features of 44 pediatric CN prospectively enrolled on a @entity1 's Oncology Group protocol from 2007 to 2013. Although the typical multicystic architecture with thin septa described in adult CN was present in all of our pediatric cases, differences were also identified. We report distinctive features that add to the morphological spectrum of CN in @entity1 . Of the 44 cases, 16 had been previously analyzed and reported for @entity8306 mutation, and either loss of function or missense mutations or both were identified in 15 of 16. In contrast, we analyzed 10 cases of adult CN, and all were negative for @entity8306 mutations; similarly, 6 CPDNs previously analyzed and reported were negative for @entity8306 mutations. Therefore, the clinical, morphological, and genetic differences between pediatric and adult CN, as well as between CN and CPDN, suggest that these 3 lesions represent distinct entities.

title: Pediatric cystic @entity12878 : distinctive features and frequent XXXX mutations.

answer: @entity8306 :: (23405,Gene) :: ['DICER1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive validity of the Word Memory Test (WMT), a verbal memory neuropsychological test developed as a performance validity measure to assess memory, effort, and performance consistency. DESIGN: Cohort study with 1-year follow-up. SETTING: Workers' compensation rehabilitation facility. @entity1 : @entity1 included workers' compensation claimants with work-related @entity542 (N=188; mean age, 44y; 161 @entity1 [85.6%]). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures for determining predictive validity included days to suspension of wage replacement benefits during the 1-year follow-up and work status at discharge in claimants undergoing rehabilitation. Analysis included multivariable @entity797 and logistic regression. RESULTS: Better WMT performance was significantly but weakly correlated with younger age (r=-.30), documented brain abnormality (r=.28), and @entity909 at the time of injury (r=.25). Claimants with documented @entity75 on diagnostic imaging scans performed better (   9%) on the WMT than those without @entity75 . The WMT predicted days receiving benefits (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.24) and work status outcome at program discharge (adjusted odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-2.34). CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence for the predictive validity of the WMT in workers' compensation claimants. Younger claimants and those with more severe @entity1545 performed better on the WMT. It may be that financial incentives or other factors related to the compensation claim affected the performance.

title: Word Memory Test Predicts Recovery in Claimants With Work-Related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head Injury']


abstract: Ultrasound axial transmission (UAT), a technique using propagation of ultrasound waves along the cortex of cortical bones, has been proposed as a diagnostic technique for the evaluation of @entity174 healing. Quantitative ultrasound parameters have been reported to be sensitive to callus changes during the regeneration process. The aim of this work was to identify the specific effect of cortical bone mineralization on UAT measurements by means of numerical simulations and experiments using a reverse @entity174 healing approach. A cortical @entity291 femur sample was used, in which a 3mm @entity174 gap was drilled. A 3mm thick cortical bone slice, extracted from another location in the bone sample, was submitted to a progressive demineralization process with @entity1098 during 12 days. UAT measurements and simulations using a 1MHz probe were performed with the demineralized slice placed into the @entity174 gap to mimic different stages of mineralization during the healing process. The @entity460 loss of the slice due to the @entity1098 treatment was recorded everyday, and its temporal evolution could be modeled by an exponential law. A 50MHz scanning acoustic microscopy was also used to assess the mineralization degree of the bone slice at the end of the intervention. These data were used in the numerical simulations to derive a model of the time evolution of bone slice mechanical properties. From both the experiments and the simulations, a significant and progressive increase in the @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ; p<0.001) of the propagating waves measured by UAT was observed during the beginning of the demineralization process (first 4 days). Although the simulated @entity1054 values were slightly larger than the experimental ones, they both exhibited a similar time-dependence, validating the simulation approach. Our results suggest that @entity1054 measured in axial transmission is affected by local changes of speed of sound induced by changes in local mineralization. @entity1054 may be an appropriate indicator to monitor callus maturation.

title: Experimental and simulation results on the effect of cortical bone mineralization in ultrasound axial transmission measurements: a model for XXXX healing ultrasound monitoring.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['time of flight', 'TOF']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: AIM: Testicular torsion can lead to testicular damage. During reperfusion, tissue damage is more severe. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of short-interval postconditioning and determine the optimal time of reperfusion for postconditioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five adult male @entity35 were divided into 5 subgroups: Sh (sham operated), @entity5250 ( @entity5250 ), PC5 (torsion + postconditioning 5 seconds), PC10 (torsion + postconditioning-10 seconds), PC20 (torsion + postconditioning 20 seconds). Torsion was created by rotating the left testis counterclockwise 1080   and the testis fixed to the scrotum with 3 sutures. Torsion was maintained for 4 hours. The testicular artery was visualized, and before detorsion of the testis, an atraumatic vessel clamp was applied to prevent reperfusion in all study groups. Then, detorsion of the testis was performed. In the @entity5250 group, the clamp was released just after detorsion; in the PC5 group, the clamp was released for 5 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times); in the PC10 group, the clamp was released for 10 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times); and in the PC20 group, the clamp was released for 20 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times). Then, all testes were reperfused for a 1-hour period in all study groups. After this period, the @entity35 were sacrificed, and the left testes were removed and evaluated histopathologically and biochemically. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Tissue @entity1234 levels were 79.3    10.6, 231.7    102.3, 71.3    12.6, 73.8    13.7, and 124.3    48.0 nmol/g tissue in the Sh, @entity5250 , PC5, PC10, and PC20 groups, respectively. Tissue @entity1234 levels were significantly lower in the PC5 and PC10 groups (P < .05) compared to the other groups. However, mean histopathologic grade was lower in all postconditioning groups compared to the control group, but the difference was significant only in the PC5 group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that short-interval postconditioning can reduce reperfusion injury in @entity63 tissue and the optimal mode of short-interval postconditioning is 5 seconds   10 times. This technique seems easily applicable, and a similar technique may be used during testicular surgery.

title: The effects of short-interval postconditioning in preventing XXXX -reperfusion injury in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity5250 :: ('MESH:D014102', 'Disease') :: ['torsion + detorsion', 'TD']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['testicular ischemia']


abstract: AIM: Testicular torsion can lead to testicular damage. During reperfusion, tissue damage is more severe. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of short-interval postconditioning and determine the optimal time of reperfusion for postconditioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five adult male @entity35 were divided into 5 subgroups: Sh (sham operated), @entity5250 ( @entity5250 ), PC5 (torsion + postconditioning 5 seconds), PC10 (torsion + postconditioning-10 seconds), PC20 (torsion + postconditioning 20 seconds). Torsion was created by rotating the left testis counterclockwise 1080   and the testis fixed to the scrotum with 3 sutures. Torsion was maintained for 4 hours. The testicular artery was visualized, and before detorsion of the testis, an atraumatic vessel clamp was applied to prevent reperfusion in all study groups. Then, detorsion of the testis was performed. In the @entity5250 group, the clamp was released just after detorsion; in the PC5 group, the clamp was released for 5 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times); in the PC10 group, the clamp was released for 10 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times); and in the PC20 group, the clamp was released for 20 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times). Then, all testes were reperfused for a 1-hour period in all study groups. After this period, the @entity35 were sacrificed, and the left testes were removed and evaluated histopathologically and biochemically. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Tissue @entity1234 levels were 79.3    10.6, 231.7    102.3, 71.3    12.6, 73.8    13.7, and 124.3    48.0 nmol/g tissue in the Sh, @entity5250 , PC5, PC10, and PC20 groups, respectively. Tissue @entity1234 levels were significantly lower in the PC5 and PC10 groups (P < .05) compared to the other groups. However, mean histopathologic grade was lower in all postconditioning groups compared to the control group, but the difference was significant only in the PC5 group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that short-interval postconditioning can reduce reperfusion injury in @entity63 tissue and the optimal mode of short-interval postconditioning is 5 seconds   10 times. This technique seems easily applicable, and a similar technique may be used during testicular surgery.

title: The effects of short-interval postconditioning in preventing @entity63 -reperfusion injury in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The postnatal development of two visual areas (nucleus rotundus and ectostriatum) and two song control areas (hyperstriatum ventrale pars caudale, HVc, and nucleus robustus archistriatalis, @entity309 ) of the @entity12128 brain was followed from birth to adulthood. The following parameters were investigated: (1) neuron size, (2) volume of the brain nuclei, and (3) myelination of axons. The nucleus rotundus, the diencephalic station of the tectofugal pathway, exhibits the fastest development: rotundal neurons reach their maximum size at 20 days of age; the volume of this structure reaches adult size at the same time. The process of myelination begins between day 5 and day 10 and is completed at 40 days of age. A similar temporal sequence of development is seen in the ectostriatum, except myelination starts some days later. Thus the development of these visual areas is completed at 40 days. In contrast, the development of the song control nuclei is delayed. Neurons in @entity309 and HVc grow steadily up to 40 days of age, attaining a size larger than that observed in adults. Whereas the volume of HVc increases until day 40 and remains stable thereafter, @entity309 volume increases until day 70 and evidences a decrease thereafter. It is not until postnatal day 20 ( @entity309 ) and day 40 (HVc) that the myelination process starts in the song control areas. Adult myelin density is achieved by 70 days in @entity309 and by 100 days in HVc. It can be demonstrated that the development of the visual system parallels the development of visual performance of the birds. @entity851 of song control nuclei coincides with development of song.

title: Delayed development of song control nuclei in the XXXX is related to behavioral development.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed growth']

answer: @entity12128 :: (59729,Species) :: ['zebra finch']


abstract: The in-hospital mortality associated with @entity583 rises markedly with advancing age. It is not established whether the elderly may benefit from early surgical repair of postinfarction @entity1455 due to @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ), acute severe @entity339 ( @entity339 ), or left ventricular power failure. Eighteen consecutive @entity1 between the ages of 66 and 79 (mean, 72 years) and in @entity1455 underwent surgical repair, most with counterpulsation support, within one week of developing @entity1757 , @entity339 , or left ventricular power failure. Of ten @entity1 with @entity1757 , five (50%) survived. Three of seven @entity1 with @entity339 (43%) and the only @entity1 with power failure survived for an overall survival of 50%. The nine long-term survivors were followed up for six months to five years (mean 31 months) by personal interviews with the @entity1 or referring physician. There was one late @entity204 , due to @entity712 , ten months after the operation. Of the remaining eight @entity1 , seven are categorized as New York Heart Association class I, and one as class II. These @entity1 have all been able to live and function independently after cardiac operation. The authors conclude that older @entity1 with postinfarction @entity1455 may benefit from early operation and that advanced age does not preclude successful surgical outcome. Furthermore, operation may result in excellent long-term quality of life.

title: Surgical repair of remediable postinfarction XXXX in the elderly. Early and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: We studied the effects of HCI-induced @entity209 on cardiac output, contractile function, myocardial blood flow, and myocardial @entity26 consumption in nine unanaesthetized newborn @entity742 . Through a left thoracotomy, catheters were placed in the aorta, left atrium and coronary sinus. A pressure transducer was placed in the left ventricle. Three to four days after surgery, we measured cardiac output, dP/dt, left ventricular end diastolic and aortic mean blood pressures, heart rate, aortic and coronary sinus blood @entity26 contents, and left ventricular myocardial blood flow during a control period, during @entity209 , and after the aortic pH was restored to normal. We calculated systemic vascular resistance, myocardial @entity26 consumption and left ventricular work. Acidaemia was associated with @entity998 , maximal dP/dt, and aortic mean blood pressure. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure and systemic vascular resistance increased, and heart rate did not change significantly. The reduction in myocardial blood flow and @entity26 consumption was accompanied by fall in cardiac work. Cardiac output returned to control levels after the pH had been normalized but maximal dP/dt was incompletely restored. Myocardial blood flow and @entity26 consumption increased beyond control levels. This study demonstrates that HCI-induced @entity209 in conscious newborn @entity742 is associated with a @entity998 which could have been mediated by the reduction in contractile function and/or the increase in systemic vascular resistance. The decreases in myocardial blood flow and @entity26 consumption appear to reflect diminished cardiac work. The restoration of a normal cardiac output after normalization of the pH appears to have resulted from the increases in heart rate and left ventricular filling pressures in conjunction with an incomplete restoration of contractile function.

title: Acidaemia reduces cardiac output and left ventricular contractility in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidaemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in cardiac output']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: Accurate preoperative staging is essential for the indication and selection of the appropriate surgical procedure in @entity1 with @entity418 . The present prospective study was designed to determine if the preoperative use of @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) increases the accuracy of staging @entity418 compared with computed tomography (CT) and if it thereby leads to a different therapeutic approach. A total of 58 @entity1 , 46 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 (mean age 61 years), with histologic proof of @entity418 underwent FDG-PET of the neck, chest, and abdomen, as well as CT of the chest and abdomen, to determine @entity5 stage. FDG-PET and CT data were compared with each other and with pathohistologic findings. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy for detecting histologically verified lymph node and distant @entity3 were calculated for FDG-PET and CT. FDG-PET showed a higher specificity, whereas CT had higher accuracy for detecting both abdominal (73% vs. 59%) and thoracic (73% vs. 63%) lymph node @entity3 . The accuracy of detecting blood-borne and lymphatic distant @entity3 was identical for CT and FDG-PET imaging (50%). FDG-PET had a higher specificity than CT (87% vs. 13%) but lower sensitivity (35% vs. 67%). FDG-PET did not provide new information on the indication for surgery, nor was it helpful for choosing the appropriate surgical procedure in @entity1 with @entity418 . In view of the relatively high cost of FDG-PET examinations, the use of this modality is indicated primarily in @entity1 with inconclusive CT findings or for scientific research projects. Higher sensitivity as a result of @entity5 -affinity radiopharmaceuticals and optimized apparatus resolution, in addition to the advantages offered by whole-body PET scanning, may lead to new indications for this staging procedure in the future.

title: Positron emission tomography for staging XXXX : does it lead to a different therapeutic approach?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: To characterise the prevalence of b-lactamases and @entity72781 genes amongst clinical @entity3274 isolates carrying plasmid-mediated @entity1536 resistance (PMQR) determinants in China, 59 non-duplicate @entity3274 isolates harbouring at least one PMQR gene were screened for common b-lactamases and 16S rRNA methylases genes. The genetic relatedness of the isolates was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Most of PMQR gene-positive isolates carried no substitutions within the @entity1536 resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) or single point mutation in GyrA or ParC. Over one-half (52.5%) of the isolates exhibited decreased susceptibility to @entity2177 [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)=0.5-2  g/mL] or low-level resistance to @entity2177 (MIC=4-8  g/mL). qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA were positive in 52 (88.1%), 16 (27.1%) and 3 (5.1%) isolates, respectively. The identified genes for b-lactamases were distributed as follows: bla(TEM), 50.8%; bla(SHV), 91.5%; bla(CTX-M), 55.9%; bla( @entity4601 ), 59.3%; and bla( @entity39611 ), 22.1%. armA and rmtB were detected in 16.9% and 3.4% of isolates, respectively. All qnrB were detected in @entity4601 -producing @entity3274 . Approximately 81.3%, 68.8% and 43.8% of aac(6')-Ib-cr carrying isolates produced @entity39611 , @entity4601 and ArmA, respectively. In conclusion, owing to few QRDR substitutions, most of the PMQR gene-carrying @entity3274 isolates exhibited low-level resistance to @entity2887 . qnr appears to be the predominant PMQR gene and it presented a significant correlation with bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M) and bla( @entity4601 ), whereas aac(6')-Ib-cr exhibited a close relationship with bla( @entity39611 ), bla( @entity4601 ) and armA. qepA was rarely detected in this study.

title: Prevalence of b-lactamases and XXXX genes amongst clinical @entity3274 isolates carrying plasmid-mediated @entity1536 resistance determinants.

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['K. pneumoniae', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity72781 :: (15407945,Gene) :: ['16S rRNA methylase']


abstract: To characterise the prevalence of b-lactamases and @entity72781 genes amongst clinical @entity3274 isolates carrying plasmid-mediated @entity1536 resistance (PMQR) determinants in China, 59 non-duplicate @entity3274 isolates harbouring at least one PMQR gene were screened for common b-lactamases and 16S rRNA methylases genes. The genetic relatedness of the isolates was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Most of PMQR gene-positive isolates carried no substitutions within the @entity1536 resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) or single point mutation in GyrA or ParC. Over one-half (52.5%) of the isolates exhibited decreased susceptibility to @entity2177 [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)=0.5-2  g/mL] or low-level resistance to @entity2177 (MIC=4-8  g/mL). qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA were positive in 52 (88.1%), 16 (27.1%) and 3 (5.1%) isolates, respectively. The identified genes for b-lactamases were distributed as follows: bla(TEM), 50.8%; bla(SHV), 91.5%; bla(CTX-M), 55.9%; bla( @entity4601 ), 59.3%; and bla( @entity39611 ), 22.1%. armA and rmtB were detected in 16.9% and 3.4% of isolates, respectively. All qnrB were detected in @entity4601 -producing @entity3274 . Approximately 81.3%, 68.8% and 43.8% of aac(6')-Ib-cr carrying isolates produced @entity39611 , @entity4601 and ArmA, respectively. In conclusion, owing to few QRDR substitutions, most of the PMQR gene-carrying @entity3274 isolates exhibited low-level resistance to @entity2887 . qnr appears to be the predominant PMQR gene and it presented a significant correlation with bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M) and bla( @entity4601 ), whereas aac(6')-Ib-cr exhibited a close relationship with bla( @entity39611 ), bla( @entity4601 ) and armA. qepA was rarely detected in this study.

title: Prevalence of b-lactamases and @entity72781 genes amongst clinical @entity3274 isolates carrying plasmid-mediated XXXX resistance determinants.

answer: @entity1536 :: (CHEBI:23765,Chemical) :: ['quinolone']


abstract: To characterise the prevalence of b-lactamases and @entity72781 genes amongst clinical @entity3274 isolates carrying plasmid-mediated @entity1536 resistance (PMQR) determinants in China, 59 non-duplicate @entity3274 isolates harbouring at least one PMQR gene were screened for common b-lactamases and 16S rRNA methylases genes. The genetic relatedness of the isolates was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Most of PMQR gene-positive isolates carried no substitutions within the @entity1536 resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) or single point mutation in GyrA or ParC. Over one-half (52.5%) of the isolates exhibited decreased susceptibility to @entity2177 [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)=0.5-2  g/mL] or low-level resistance to @entity2177 (MIC=4-8  g/mL). qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA were positive in 52 (88.1%), 16 (27.1%) and 3 (5.1%) isolates, respectively. The identified genes for b-lactamases were distributed as follows: bla(TEM), 50.8%; bla(SHV), 91.5%; bla(CTX-M), 55.9%; bla( @entity4601 ), 59.3%; and bla( @entity39611 ), 22.1%. armA and rmtB were detected in 16.9% and 3.4% of isolates, respectively. All qnrB were detected in @entity4601 -producing @entity3274 . Approximately 81.3%, 68.8% and 43.8% of aac(6')-Ib-cr carrying isolates produced @entity39611 , @entity4601 and ArmA, respectively. In conclusion, owing to few QRDR substitutions, most of the PMQR gene-carrying @entity3274 isolates exhibited low-level resistance to @entity2887 . qnr appears to be the predominant PMQR gene and it presented a significant correlation with bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M) and bla( @entity4601 ), whereas aac(6')-Ib-cr exhibited a close relationship with bla( @entity39611 ), bla( @entity4601 ) and armA. qepA was rarely detected in this study.

title: Prevalence of b-lactamases and @entity72781 genes amongst clinical XXXX isolates carrying plasmid-mediated @entity1536 resistance determinants.

answer: @entity3274 :: (573,Species) :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) may be comparable to Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) as a durable and effective procedure in @entity64 prevention. Concern remains about the incidence of @entity256 after stenting and its management. We evaluated the surgical management of @entity256 after @entity2998 . DESIGN: prospective study. METHODS: between December 1997 and April 2001, 217 @entity2998 procedures were performed in 217 @entity1 (155 @entity1 and 62 @entity1 ; age 70 years +/- 8.2). After a mean of 8 months post-stenting four @entity1 (two symptomatic, two asymptomatic with @entity432 ) with severe @entity256 (90-99%) had surgical reintervention. RESULTS: standard CEA with removal of the stent was performed in all four @entity1 . No major complications occurred. Intima @entity1373 showed to be the predominant mechanism leading to in-stent @entity256 . All four surgically treated @entity1 remained asymptomatic and without recurrent @entity256 over a mean follow-up time of 13 months (range 3-20 months). CONCLUSION: the optimal treatment of in-stent @entity256 has yet to be defined, but standard CEA with removement of the stent appears to be feasible.

title: Operative management of carotid artery in-stent XXXX : first experiences and duplex follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'Carotid Artery Stenting']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'haemodynamic in-stent restenosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral occlusion']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a chronic, inflammatory, system disease. It commonly affects the small peripheral joints (such as fingers and wrist). The main goals of intervention for @entity309 are preventing @entity85 , preserving joint function, and reducing @entity32 and @entity158 . Transelectrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a form of electrotherapy and is thought to produce analgesia according to the gate control theory. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of TENS in the treatment of @entity309 of the hand. The primary outcomes of interest were relief of @entity158 and resting @entity158 intensity, relief of joint @entity925 , number of @entity2720 and @entity1 assessment of disease. The secondary objective was to determine the most effective mode of TENS application in @entity158 control. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched for relevant studies, in English, in the Cochrane field of physical and related therapies, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, HEALTHSTAR, Sports Discus, CINAHL, Current Contents, and the PEDro database, up to October 2002. SELECTION CRITERIA: Two independent reviewers selected the trials that met predetermined inclusion criteria. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Study results were extracted by two independent reviewers. Continuous outcomes were analyzed by @entity353 ( @entity353 ) using a fixed effects model. MAIN RESULTS: Three RCTs, involving 78 @entity1 , were included in this review. @entity1582 and C-TENS were compared to placebo and to each other. Administration of 15 minutes of @entity1582 a week, for 3 weeks, resulted in a significant decrease in @entity158 (67% relative benefit, 45 points absolute benefit on 100 mm VAS scale) but not in @entity158 compared to placebo. @entity1582 did result in a clinical beneficial improvement in muscle power scores with a relative difference of 55%, and an absolute benefit of 0.98, compared to placebo. No significant difference was found between one 20-minute treatment duration of C-TENS versus @entity1582 , or C-TENS versus placebo on decrease in mean scores for @entity158 or @entity158 , or on the number of @entity2720 . Results showed a statistically significant @entity2720 , but no clinical benefit from C-TENS over placebo in relief of joint @entity925 . No statistically significant difference was shown between 15 days of treatment with C-TENS or @entity1582 in relief of joint @entity158 , although there was a clinically important benefit of C-TENS over @entity1582 on @entity1 assessment of change in disease (risk difference 21%, NNT 5). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There are conflicting effects of TENS on @entity158 outcomes in @entity1 with @entity309 . @entity1582 is beneficial for reducing @entity158 intensity and improving muscle power scores over placebo while, conversely, C-TENS resulted in no clinical benefit on @entity158 intensity compared with placebo. However C-TENS resulted in a clinical benefit on @entity1 assessment of change in disease over @entity1582 . More well designed studies with a standardized protocol and adequate number of subjects are needed to fully conclude the effect of C-TENS and @entity1582 in the treatment of @entity309 of the hand.

title: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the treatment of XXXX in the hand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain', 'pain', 'grip pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tender joints', 'reduction in joint tenderness']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['joint deformity']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the association of nuclear morphometry and DNA content with resectability of @entity788 . METHODS: A total of 36 @entity1 with @entity788 were divided into resectable group and unresectable group. The nuclear morphometry and DNA contents of @entity5 cells were analyzed by IBAS autoimagine analyzer from @entity982 -embedded materials. Localization size, histological type and grade, and clinical stage of the @entity5 were evaluated. Factors influencing resectability of @entity788 were investigated using stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS: Statistical significance was found in nuclear DNA content (integrated optical density, IOD) of @entity5 cells (1.64+/-0.41 vs 2.96+/-0.55), DNA ploidy, ages (46.5+/-5.3 years vs 58.6+/-0.7 years) and @entity5 volumes (298.1+/-101.5 cm(3) vs 634.7+/-512.5 cm(3)) in both groups (P<0.05), and no difference was found in the nuclear morphometry (P>0.05). The rates of diploid/tetraploid and aneuploid were 66.7 % and 33.3 % in resectable group respectively, and 38.9 % and 62.1 % in unresectable group, respectively (P<0.05). IOD (X(12)), ploidy status (X(12)) and clinical stage ( @entity20168 ) were radical resectable indicators with statistical significance. The regression equation for resectability was Y=-9.2053+3.5428X(12)+2.5390X(13)-2.3001X(3) (RR=0.8780, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: There is a high correlation between resectability of @entity788 and their DNA contents, DNA ploidy status and clinical stage.

title: Relationship between nuclear morphometry, DNA content and resectability of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancers', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polyfunctional @entity30383 ( @entity10461 ) hardener is increasingly used in water-based paints and inks as a replacement for organic solvents. @entity56 contact @entity1909 , contact @entity110 , @entity1576 in occupationally exposed @entity1 with @entity56 to @entity10461 are reported. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study a population of adhesive tape printers for occupational respiratory and @entity272 to @entity10461 hardener. Also 2 cases of @entity7446 in workers exposed to @entity10461 in tanneries are reported. METHODS: A standard series prick and patch tests was carried out on 15 workers with skin symptoms out of 36 adhesive tape printers exposed to @entity10461 . Prick tests with a 1% @entity10461 water solution and patch tests with a dilution series (0.1-0.32-0.5-1%) of @entity10461 in petrolatum were performed. Lung and nasal provocation tests with @entity10461 hardener were also carried out on 4 subjects with skin and respiratory symptoms. RESULTS: Skin sensitivity to @entity10461 prick tests was demonstrated in 8.3% of the exposed population; 22.2% of the exposed workers suffered from @entity3408 due to @entity10461 with positive patch tests for this compound. One case of occupational @entity2490 due to @entity10461 was diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10461 is a strong sensitizer and the use of gloves and protective clothing appears to be insufficient to prevent @entity56 . Elimination of @entity10461 from production processes is desirable.

title: [Skin and @entity1576 caused by polyfunctional XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity', 'Allergic', 'occupational allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergy']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin sensitisation']

entities_list: @entity30383 :: ('MESH:C033132', 'Chemical') :: ['aziridine']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity30383 :: (MESH:C033132,Chemical) :: ['aziridine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polyfunctional @entity30383 ( @entity10461 ) hardener is increasingly used in water-based paints and inks as a replacement for organic solvents. @entity56 contact @entity1909 , contact @entity110 , @entity1576 in occupationally exposed @entity1 with @entity56 to @entity10461 are reported. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study a population of adhesive tape printers for occupational respiratory and @entity272 to @entity10461 hardener. Also 2 cases of @entity7446 in workers exposed to @entity10461 in tanneries are reported. METHODS: A standard series prick and patch tests was carried out on 15 workers with skin symptoms out of 36 adhesive tape printers exposed to @entity10461 . Prick tests with a 1% @entity10461 water solution and patch tests with a dilution series (0.1-0.32-0.5-1%) of @entity10461 in petrolatum were performed. Lung and nasal provocation tests with @entity10461 hardener were also carried out on 4 subjects with skin and respiratory symptoms. RESULTS: Skin sensitivity to @entity10461 prick tests was demonstrated in 8.3% of the exposed population; 22.2% of the exposed workers suffered from @entity3408 due to @entity10461 with positive patch tests for this compound. One case of occupational @entity2490 due to @entity10461 was diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10461 is a strong sensitizer and the use of gloves and protective clothing appears to be insufficient to prevent @entity56 . Elimination of @entity10461 from production processes is desirable.

title: [Skin and XXXX caused by polyfunctional @entity30383 ].

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory allergic disease']


abstract: Musculoskeletal models are often created by making detailed anatomical measurements of muscle properties. These measurements can then be used to determine the parameters of canonical models of @entity121 . We describe here a complementary approach for developing and validating muscle models, using in situ measurements of muscle actions. We characterized the actions of two @entity35 hindlimb muscles: the gracilis posticus ( @entity17633 ) and the posterior head of biceps femoris ( @entity25755 ; excluding the anterior head with vertebral origin). The @entity17633 is a relatively simple muscle, with a circumscribed origin and insertion. The @entity25755 is more complex, with an insertion distributed along the tibia. We measured the six-dimensional isometric forces and moments at the ankle evoked from stimulating each muscle at a range of limb configurations. The variation of forces and moments across the workspace provides a succinct characterization of @entity121 . We then used this data to create a simple muscle model with a single point insertion and origin. The model parameters were optimized to best explain the observed force-moment data. This model explained the relatively simple muscle, @entity17633 , very well (R(2)>0.85). Surprisingly, this simple model was also able to explain the action of the @entity25755 , despite its greater complexity (R(2)>0.84). We then compared the actions observed here with those predicted using recently published anatomical measurements. Although the forces and moments predicted for the @entity17633 were very similar to those observed here, the predictions for the @entity25755 differed. These results show the potential utility of the approach described here for the development and refinement of musculoskeletal models based on in situ measurements of muscle actions.

title: Estimation of musculoskeletal models from in situ measurements of XXXX in the @entity35 hindlimb.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle action']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle action']


abstract: Musculoskeletal models are often created by making detailed anatomical measurements of muscle properties. These measurements can then be used to determine the parameters of canonical models of @entity121 . We describe here a complementary approach for developing and validating muscle models, using in situ measurements of muscle actions. We characterized the actions of two @entity35 hindlimb muscles: the gracilis posticus ( @entity17633 ) and the posterior head of biceps femoris ( @entity25755 ; excluding the anterior head with vertebral origin). The @entity17633 is a relatively simple muscle, with a circumscribed origin and insertion. The @entity25755 is more complex, with an insertion distributed along the tibia. We measured the six-dimensional isometric forces and moments at the ankle evoked from stimulating each muscle at a range of limb configurations. The variation of forces and moments across the workspace provides a succinct characterization of @entity121 . We then used this data to create a simple muscle model with a single point insertion and origin. The model parameters were optimized to best explain the observed force-moment data. This model explained the relatively simple muscle, @entity17633 , very well (R(2)>0.85). Surprisingly, this simple model was also able to explain the action of the @entity25755 , despite its greater complexity (R(2)>0.84). We then compared the actions observed here with those predicted using recently published anatomical measurements. Although the forces and moments predicted for the @entity17633 were very similar to those observed here, the predictions for the @entity25755 differed. These results show the potential utility of the approach described here for the development and refinement of musculoskeletal models based on in situ measurements of muscle actions.

title: Estimation of musculoskeletal models from in situ measurements of @entity121 in the XXXX hindlimb.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity252 ( @entity252 ) is the most common @entity22567 and a major cause of @entity4810 . In adult patients, serum inhibin B and anti-Mullerian-hormone (AMH) are undetectable, @entity251 secretion is often impaired, and the tubules are depleted of germ cells. Before puberty, inhibin B, AMH, and @entity251 levels are within the normal range. OBJECTIVE: Sertoli and Leydig cell secretions, including @entity32407 ( @entity32407 ), were evaluated in @entity1 with nonmosaic XXY karyotype to assess testicular function soon after birth. DESIGN: The study was conducted in four University Pediatric Departments from the United States and France. SUBJECTS: Sixty-eight prenatally diagnosed @entity1 aged 2-750 d were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum FSH, LH, inhibin B, AMH, and @entity32407 were measured by immunoassay, and @entity251 was measured by tandem mass-spectrometry. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity252 , @entity32407 levels transiently increased at 2-3 months of age and were significantly correlated with @entity251 (Spearman r = 0.57) and LH (Spearman r = 0.73) levels. They did not differ from controls. @entity251 levels were within the normal range, but most of them were below the median of controls. Inhibin B and AMH levels were also within normal range. Inhibin B was correlated with FSH (Spearman r = 0.49). AMH was not correlated with FSH or @entity251 . FSH levels were above normal in 25% of @entity1 , despite normal inhibin B levels. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity252 , Leydig cells are normally sensitive to the LH proliferative effect. In contrast, the Sertoli cell sensitivity to FSH is questionable, which may be prophetic of the postpubertal Sertoli cell resistance to FSH.

title: Assessment of Leydig and Sertoli cell functions in @entity1 with nonmosaic XXXX : insulin-like peptide 3 levels are normal and positively correlated with LH levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ['Klinefelter syndrome', 'KS']

entities_list: @entity32407 :: ('3640', 'Gene') :: ['INSL3', 'insulin-like peptide-3']

entities_list: @entity22567 :: ('MESH:D025064', 'Disease') :: ['sex chromosome disorder']

answer: @entity252 :: (MESH:D007713,Disease) :: ['Klinefelter syndrome']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity252 ( @entity252 ) is the most common @entity22567 and a major cause of @entity4810 . In adult patients, serum inhibin B and anti-Mullerian-hormone (AMH) are undetectable, @entity251 secretion is often impaired, and the tubules are depleted of germ cells. Before puberty, inhibin B, AMH, and @entity251 levels are within the normal range. OBJECTIVE: Sertoli and Leydig cell secretions, including @entity32407 ( @entity32407 ), were evaluated in @entity1 with nonmosaic XXY karyotype to assess testicular function soon after birth. DESIGN: The study was conducted in four University Pediatric Departments from the United States and France. SUBJECTS: Sixty-eight prenatally diagnosed @entity1 aged 2-750 d were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum FSH, LH, inhibin B, AMH, and @entity32407 were measured by immunoassay, and @entity251 was measured by tandem mass-spectrometry. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity252 , @entity32407 levels transiently increased at 2-3 months of age and were significantly correlated with @entity251 (Spearman r = 0.57) and LH (Spearman r = 0.73) levels. They did not differ from controls. @entity251 levels were within the normal range, but most of them were below the median of controls. Inhibin B and AMH levels were also within normal range. Inhibin B was correlated with FSH (Spearman r = 0.49). AMH was not correlated with FSH or @entity251 . FSH levels were above normal in 25% of @entity1 , despite normal inhibin B levels. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity252 , Leydig cells are normally sensitive to the LH proliferative effect. In contrast, the Sertoli cell sensitivity to FSH is questionable, which may be prophetic of the postpubertal Sertoli cell resistance to FSH.

title: Assessment of Leydig and Sertoli cell functions in XXXX with nonmosaic @entity252 : insulin-like peptide 3 levels are normal and positively correlated with LH levels.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity227 seen with @entity5995 and @entity1781 may overlap with those resulting from @entity74 . A few disorders typically present with distinctive perceptions, but the majority have less specific symptoms. Features include whether or not the visual phenomena are negative or positive, monocular or binocular, and the location and form of any deficits. Among negative phenomena, transient @entity227 usually is the result of @entity63 , but particular precipitants may suggest @entity17 . The pattern and location of @entity227 may help localize disorders to the level of the macula, papillomacular or other inner retina nerve fiber bundles, optic nerve, or chiasm. Altered brightness perception may point to optic nerve or photoreceptor disease. Decreased acuity is among the most common and least specific symptoms, but association with other symptoms may help to narrow the differential diagnosis. Dyschromatopsia points to either a photoreceptor or optic nerve pathologic condition (Table 7). Among positive phenomena, @entity1833 resulting from @entity227 typically are unformed, although deafferentation of retrochiasmal pathways may produce formed @entity1833 . The common "floaters" frequently are benign, but occasionally herald more concerning disorders. Various types of photopsias commonly occur with vitreal @entity74 . @entity1020 typically leads to distortions of the central visual field, and other @entity74 lead to a host of characteristic distortions of color, form, or brightness. Careful attention to the ophthalmologic examination, visual fields, and subtle variance in symptomatology also help to distinguish among @entity74 .

title: XXXX in @entity5995 and @entity1781 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'Visual perceptions', 'visual field defects', 'anterior visual system disorders']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination or photoreceptor degeneration']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['retrochiasmal disorders', 'various disorders', 'disorders or photoreceptor disorders', 'particular disorders']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Macular disease']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Visual dysfunction']


abstract: @entity227 seen with @entity5995 and @entity1781 may overlap with those resulting from @entity74 . A few disorders typically present with distinctive perceptions, but the majority have less specific symptoms. Features include whether or not the visual phenomena are negative or positive, monocular or binocular, and the location and form of any deficits. Among negative phenomena, transient @entity227 usually is the result of @entity63 , but particular precipitants may suggest @entity17 . The pattern and location of @entity227 may help localize disorders to the level of the macula, papillomacular or other inner retina nerve fiber bundles, optic nerve, or chiasm. Altered brightness perception may point to optic nerve or photoreceptor disease. Decreased acuity is among the most common and least specific symptoms, but association with other symptoms may help to narrow the differential diagnosis. Dyschromatopsia points to either a photoreceptor or optic nerve pathologic condition (Table 7). Among positive phenomena, @entity1833 resulting from @entity227 typically are unformed, although deafferentation of retrochiasmal pathways may produce formed @entity1833 . The common "floaters" frequently are benign, but occasionally herald more concerning disorders. Various types of photopsias commonly occur with vitreal @entity74 . @entity1020 typically leads to distortions of the central visual field, and other @entity74 lead to a host of characteristic distortions of color, form, or brightness. Careful attention to the ophthalmologic examination, visual fields, and subtle variance in symptomatology also help to distinguish among @entity74 .

title: @entity227 in @entity5995 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic nerve disease']


abstract: @entity227 seen with @entity5995 and @entity1781 may overlap with those resulting from @entity74 . A few disorders typically present with distinctive perceptions, but the majority have less specific symptoms. Features include whether or not the visual phenomena are negative or positive, monocular or binocular, and the location and form of any deficits. Among negative phenomena, transient @entity227 usually is the result of @entity63 , but particular precipitants may suggest @entity17 . The pattern and location of @entity227 may help localize disorders to the level of the macula, papillomacular or other inner retina nerve fiber bundles, optic nerve, or chiasm. Altered brightness perception may point to optic nerve or photoreceptor disease. Decreased acuity is among the most common and least specific symptoms, but association with other symptoms may help to narrow the differential diagnosis. Dyschromatopsia points to either a photoreceptor or optic nerve pathologic condition (Table 7). Among positive phenomena, @entity1833 resulting from @entity227 typically are unformed, although deafferentation of retrochiasmal pathways may produce formed @entity1833 . The common "floaters" frequently are benign, but occasionally herald more concerning disorders. Various types of photopsias commonly occur with vitreal @entity74 . @entity1020 typically leads to distortions of the central visual field, and other @entity74 lead to a host of characteristic distortions of color, form, or brightness. Careful attention to the ophthalmologic examination, visual fields, and subtle variance in symptomatology also help to distinguish among @entity74 .

title: @entity227 in XXXX and @entity1781 .

answer: @entity5995 :: (MESH:D012172,Chemical) :: ['retinal']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The CAPTIM trial suggested a survival benefit of prehospital fibrinolysis (FL) compared to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) with a presentation delay of <2 hours. We examined the relationship between reperfusion strategy and time from symptom onset on 1-year mortality in a combined analysis of 1,168 @entity1 with @entity583 . METHODS: Individual @entity1 data from CAPTIM (n = 840, 1997-2000) and the more recent WEST trial (n = 328, 2003-2005) were pooled. RESULTS: Median age was 58 years, 81% were @entity1 , and 41% had @entity583 ; 640 @entity1 were randomized to FL versus 528 @entity1 to PCI. Both arms received contemporary adjunctive medical therapy. Presentation delay (ie, symptom onset to randomization) was similar in FL and PCI @entity1 (median 105 [72-158] vs 106 [74-162] minutes, P = .712). Rescue PCI after FL occurred in 26% and 27%, and 30-day PCI, in 70% and 71% in CAPTIM and WEST, respectively. Mortality was not different between FL and PCI (4.6% vs 6.5%, P = .263); however, the interaction between presentation delay and treatment was significant (P = .043). Benefit with FL was observed with time <2 hours (2.8% [FL] vs 6.9% [PCI], P = .021, hazard ratio [HR] 0.43, 95% CI 0.20-0.91), whereas beyond 2 hours, no treatment difference was observed (6.9% [FL] vs 6.0% [PCI], P = .529, HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.61-2.46). CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of early FL demonstrated a reduction in 1-year mortality compared to primary PCI in early presenters. Time from symptom onset should be a key consideration when selecting reperfusion therapy for @entity583 .

title: The influence of time from symptom onset and reperfusion strategy on 1-year survival in XXXX : a pooled analysis of an early fibrinolytic strategy versus primary percutaneous coronary intervention from CAPTIM and WEST.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether low maternal serum concentrations of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) were associated with poor pregnancy outcome. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2000, 20,880 @entity1 underwent triple test screening in our hospital. The levels of @entity1465 were detected by fluorescent immunoassay. Low @entity1465 levels (< or = 0.20 MoM in our center) were considered to be a marker for increased risk for trisomy 18 or adverse pregnancy outcome. Each @entity1 completed a questionnaire regarding fetal karyotype, complications of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. RESULTS: Low maternal serum concentrations of @entity1465 were detected in 119 pregnancies (0.57%). Of these, 19 (16%) were found to be missed abortions. The distribution of the remaining 100 cases was as follows: 72% had an isolated low @entity1465 level, 24% had a low @entity1465 level and a combination of @entity1465 + alpha-fetoprotein < 0.80 MoM, and 4% had a low @entity1465 level and a combination of @entity1465 + unconjugated @entity11111 < 0.80 MoM. No trisomy 18 or other @entity2008 were detected in our @entity1 population. However, there were perinatal complications. CONCLUSION: Based on our screened population, a combination of multiple analytes seemed to be a better marker than an isolated finding of low maternal serum concentrations of @entity1465 with regards to abnormal fetal karyotype, specifically trisomy 18, although it did determine a high-risk group in terms of complications of pregnancy.

title: Low maternal serum concentrations of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin as part of the triple test screening: a follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcome in nulliparious @entity1 complicated with pregnancy @entity101 . METHODS: This descriptive-analytic and case-control study was performed on 100 @entity101 and 100 normotensive nulliparious @entity1 who were referred to Imam Reza hospital in 2008. They were compared for maternal and perinatal outcomes. The data was analyzed by SPSS software. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: In this study, there were no significant differences in maternal age, menstruation condition, delivery mode, placental detachment rate between the studied groups. Gestational age was significantly lower in the case group, especially in severe @entity1468 subgroup (P < 0.001). Serum @entity1011 level more than 1.2 mg/dl was significantly higher in mild and severe @entity1468 groups (P = 0.018). Significant differences were found in neonatal APGAR, need of rescusitation, NICU admission, birth weight and length, LBW and @entity1592 between the studied groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed that @entity532 mostly appear in pregnancy complicated with induced @entity101 especially in severe @entity1468 .

title: Maternal and perinatal outcome in nulliparious @entity1 complicated with pregnancy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['maternal and foetal-neonatal complications']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcome in nulliparious @entity1 complicated with pregnancy @entity101 . METHODS: This descriptive-analytic and case-control study was performed on 100 @entity101 and 100 normotensive nulliparious @entity1 who were referred to Imam Reza hospital in 2008. They were compared for maternal and perinatal outcomes. The data was analyzed by SPSS software. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: In this study, there were no significant differences in maternal age, menstruation condition, delivery mode, placental detachment rate between the studied groups. Gestational age was significantly lower in the case group, especially in severe @entity1468 subgroup (P < 0.001). Serum @entity1011 level more than 1.2 mg/dl was significantly higher in mild and severe @entity1468 groups (P = 0.018). Significant differences were found in neonatal APGAR, need of rescusitation, NICU admission, birth weight and length, LBW and @entity1592 between the studied groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed that @entity532 mostly appear in pregnancy complicated with induced @entity101 especially in severe @entity1468 .

title: Maternal and perinatal outcome in nulliparious XXXX complicated with pregnancy @entity101 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Cellular immune mechanisms have been shown to play a prominent role in @entity631 . Cellular mediators of @entity32 cause both @entity8 . Understanding the mediation pathways offers the opportunity for therapeutic manipulation. In addition to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, monocytes/macrophages, B-cells and T-cells subsets are being enumerated in normal and diseased renal tissues. The correlation between immunological findings in peripheral blood and infiltrate composition in renal tissue, by using weekly @entity400 ( @entity400 ), for assessing the clinical status and monitoring the immunosuppressive therapy was the aim of this study. When determining the intensity of @entity32 the numerical values of the Total Corrected Increment (T.C.I.) were defined as follows: less than 1.5 no @entity32 ; from 1.5 to 2.0 @entity32 possible; greater than 2.0 @entity32 . The ratio between OKT4 and OKT8 was used as the index: greater than 2.0 immunologic activation; greater than 2.0 no immunologic activation. When the T.C.I. was greater than 1.5 and the OKT4/OKT8 less than 2.0, or the T.C.I. less than 1.5 and the OKT4/OKT8 greater than 2.0 we used only a standard treatment. When both activation indexes were in the normal range we have not treated the @entity1 . When the T.C.I. was greater than 1.5 and the OKT4/OKT8 was greater than 2.0 we treated the @entity1 with standard treatment plus @entity1667 pulses every time the activation indexes monitored by @entity400 , showed an increase. A spontaneous improvement was obtained in untreated @entity1 . The @entity1 treated by standard therapy alone showed a different outcome. All @entity1 treated with standard therapy plus @entity1667 pulses showed a progressive clinical improvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sequential fine needle aspiration biopsy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['acute and progressive glomerular and tubular injury']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-prednisolone', 'methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['FNAB', 'Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) are distressing and frequent adverse events of anesthesia and surgery. @entity750 receptor antagonists (SRAs), including @entity3974 , granisetron, @entity19473 , dolasetron, and @entity16243 , effectively decrease the incidence of @entity1209 . Among these SRAs, @entity16243 is the most effective antiemetic for the prophylaxis against @entity1209 in terms of the inhibitory potency, binding rate, and stabilizing its pharmacological activity. This review article focused on the efficacy of @entity16243 for preventing @entity1209 (POV) in @entity1 . Because of young age of pediatric @entity1 , @entity390 was not assessed a separate entity. MEDLINE (PubMED) and EMBASE (January 1990 - September 2010) were searched for randomized, double-blind, (placebo-controlled), studies (written in English) of @entity16243 for preventing @entity1209 in adults and POV in @entity1 . The incidence of @entity1209 during 0-24 h after anesthesia was less in @entity1 receiving @entity16243 0.3 mg than in those receiving placebo, in adults undergoing gynecologic surgery, dilatation and curettage, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, middle ear surgery, thyroidectomy, and total hip/knee replacement. The incidence of POV during 0-24 h after anesthesia was less in pediatric @entity1 receiving @entity16243 6 mcg kg(-1) than in those receiving placebo, in @entity1 undergoing strabismus surgery and tonsillectomy. In adults, the most commonly reported adverse effect was @entity10 (5-20%). In @entity1 , clinically serious adverse events, such as excessive sedation and @entity21 , were not observed. Prophylactic therapy with @entity16243 is effective for preventing @entity1209 in adults and POV in @entity1 without clinically serious adverse effects.

title: Current review of XXXX in the prevention of @entity1209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity16243 :: ('MESH:C071315', 'Chemical') :: ['ramosetron']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity19473 :: ('MESH:C045504', 'Chemical') :: ['tropisetron']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['PONV in adults and postoperative vomiting', 'Postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'PONV']

answer: @entity16243 :: (MESH:C071315,Chemical) :: ['ramosetron']


abstract: @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) are distressing and frequent adverse events of anesthesia and surgery. @entity750 receptor antagonists (SRAs), including @entity3974 , granisetron, @entity19473 , dolasetron, and @entity16243 , effectively decrease the incidence of @entity1209 . Among these SRAs, @entity16243 is the most effective antiemetic for the prophylaxis against @entity1209 in terms of the inhibitory potency, binding rate, and stabilizing its pharmacological activity. This review article focused on the efficacy of @entity16243 for preventing @entity1209 (POV) in @entity1 . Because of young age of pediatric @entity1 , @entity390 was not assessed a separate entity. MEDLINE (PubMED) and EMBASE (January 1990 - September 2010) were searched for randomized, double-blind, (placebo-controlled), studies (written in English) of @entity16243 for preventing @entity1209 in adults and POV in @entity1 . The incidence of @entity1209 during 0-24 h after anesthesia was less in @entity1 receiving @entity16243 0.3 mg than in those receiving placebo, in adults undergoing gynecologic surgery, dilatation and curettage, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, middle ear surgery, thyroidectomy, and total hip/knee replacement. The incidence of POV during 0-24 h after anesthesia was less in pediatric @entity1 receiving @entity16243 6 mcg kg(-1) than in those receiving placebo, in @entity1 undergoing strabismus surgery and tonsillectomy. In adults, the most commonly reported adverse effect was @entity10 (5-20%). In @entity1 , clinically serious adverse events, such as excessive sedation and @entity21 , were not observed. Prophylactic therapy with @entity16243 is effective for preventing @entity1209 in adults and POV in @entity1 without clinically serious adverse effects.

title: Current review of @entity16243 in the prevention of XXXX .

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness in @entity726 @entity1 after filtration surgery by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. @entity1 : Thirty-eight eyes of 31 @entity726 @entity1 who underwent trabeculectomy or a combined procedure of @entity231 extraction and trabeculectomy were evaluated retrospectively. METHODS: Eyes were imaged with OCT before surgery (1 week to 6 months before surgery; mean +/- standard deviation [SD], 71.3 +/- 61.2 days) and after surgery (6-12 months after surgery; 247.2 +/- 63.5 days) to measure peripapillary NFL thickness. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in mean and segmental NFL thickness with respect to age, postoperative change in @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ), preoperative @entity227 . RESULTS: A significant increase in the overall mean NFL thickness was present after surgery (P < 0.0001). Segmental analysis found a significant increase in NFL thickness in the nasal, superior, and temporal quadrants. @entity2790 decreased after surgery from 22.0 +/- 6.4 mmHg to 11.4 +/- 4.7 mmHg (mean +/- SD). Twenty-eight (73.7%) of 38 eyes had an @entity2790 >30%. The mean NFL thickness increase (0.5- microm/mmHg decrease of @entity2790 ) was significantly correlated with the @entity2790 (r = -0.41; P = 0.03). No correlation was found between NFL thickness changes and age, preoperative @entity227 . CONCLUSIONS: A significant increase of the mean NFL thickness, which was related to @entity2790 , was detected after @entity726 filtration surgery.

title: Optical coherence tomography assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field test global indices, and change in visual field global indices', 'visual field global indices, or change in visual field global indices']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular pressure', 'IOP reduction', 'IOP']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']