abstract: We report the clinicopathologic features of 24 uterine primary and metastatic @entity6019 with fibromyxoid features (ESS-F) and smooth muscle differentiation (ESS-SM) ( @entity6019 variants). Two groups of @entity5 were retrieved from the surgical pathology files at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center: 1) gynecologic mesenchymal neoplasms with striking smooth muscle or fibroblastic differentiation that did not meet the clinical or histologic criteria for @entity1822 or other established neoplasms containing smooth muscle; and 2) metastatic lesions showing ovoid and spindle cell morphology, involving lung, originally diagnosed as @entity258 , low-grade smooth @entity11090 , @entity20866 , @entity4607 , and benign metastasizing @entity2909 . We identified 12 @entity1 with 30 @entity5 ; 24 were available for review. The mean age was 51 years (range 21-74 years). Follow-up >1 year was available for eight @entity1 , with a mean time of 8.5 years. Each @entity1 had a uterine primary and 10 experienced @entity3 . Mean time to recurrence was 6.8 years. Sites of @entity3 included lung, retroperitoneum, right atrium/inferior vena cava, colon, and ovaries. No @entity1 died of disease, but in many cases the follow-up period ended with the discovery of a @entity3 . Four @entity1 were originally diagnosed with @entity6019 , but other presenting diagnoses included benign metastasizing @entity2909 , @entity2 , smooth @entity11090 of uncertain or low malignant potential, and @entity5642 . On review each @entity1 had at least one @entity5 (primary and/or @entity3 ) that was determined to be an @entity6019 variant. Review diagnoses were as follows: @entity6019 (nonvariant), ESS-F, and ESS-SM. Eight of 10 @entity5 with available slides were endometrial stomal @entity242 variants (six ESS-F and two ESS-SM). When these variant features were present, they comprised between 50% and 100% of the @entity5 . The variant histology @entity5 exhibited prominent spiral arterioles, perivascular @entity4 , and stromal cell condensation around blood vessels. All @entity3 but one were @entity5 ; eight were ESS-F and five were ESS-SM. Four @entity3 did not resemble the uterine primary. @entity2283 marked smooth muscle mostly but not specifically. h-Caldesmon marked smooth muscle exclusively. Endometrial stromal cells as well as some fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells expressed @entity2282 . We conclude that the presence of even focal endometrial stromal differentiation in an invasive uterine mesenchymal lesion with a predominant low-grade smooth muscle, fibroblastic, and/or myxoid phenotype should permit classification as low-grade @entity242 -they should be considered @entity6019 .

title: @entity6019 with unusual histologic features: a report of 24 primary and XXXX emphasizing fibroblastic and smooth muscle differentiation.

entities_list: @entity20866 :: ('MESH:D018231', 'Disease') :: ['intravenous leiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'variant tumors', 'primary tumors', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['fibroleiomyomatous tumor of lung']

entities_list: @entity6019 :: ('MESH:D018203', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial stromal sarcomas', 'endometrial stromal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular leiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastasis']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle neoplasm', 'muscle tumor']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous hamartoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic tumors']


abstract: We report the clinicopathologic features of 24 uterine primary and metastatic @entity6019 with fibromyxoid features (ESS-F) and smooth muscle differentiation (ESS-SM) ( @entity6019 variants). Two groups of @entity5 were retrieved from the surgical pathology files at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center: 1) gynecologic mesenchymal neoplasms with striking smooth muscle or fibroblastic differentiation that did not meet the clinical or histologic criteria for @entity1822 or other established neoplasms containing smooth muscle; and 2) metastatic lesions showing ovoid and spindle cell morphology, involving lung, originally diagnosed as @entity258 , low-grade smooth @entity11090 , @entity20866 , @entity4607 , and benign metastasizing @entity2909 . We identified 12 @entity1 with 30 @entity5 ; 24 were available for review. The mean age was 51 years (range 21-74 years). Follow-up >1 year was available for eight @entity1 , with a mean time of 8.5 years. Each @entity1 had a uterine primary and 10 experienced @entity3 . Mean time to recurrence was 6.8 years. Sites of @entity3 included lung, retroperitoneum, right atrium/inferior vena cava, colon, and ovaries. No @entity1 died of disease, but in many cases the follow-up period ended with the discovery of a @entity3 . Four @entity1 were originally diagnosed with @entity6019 , but other presenting diagnoses included benign metastasizing @entity2909 , @entity2 , smooth @entity11090 of uncertain or low malignant potential, and @entity5642 . On review each @entity1 had at least one @entity5 (primary and/or @entity3 ) that was determined to be an @entity6019 variant. Review diagnoses were as follows: @entity6019 (nonvariant), ESS-F, and ESS-SM. Eight of 10 @entity5 with available slides were endometrial stomal @entity242 variants (six ESS-F and two ESS-SM). When these variant features were present, they comprised between 50% and 100% of the @entity5 . The variant histology @entity5 exhibited prominent spiral arterioles, perivascular @entity4 , and stromal cell condensation around blood vessels. All @entity3 but one were @entity5 ; eight were ESS-F and five were ESS-SM. Four @entity3 did not resemble the uterine primary. @entity2283 marked smooth muscle mostly but not specifically. h-Caldesmon marked smooth muscle exclusively. Endometrial stromal cells as well as some fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells expressed @entity2282 . We conclude that the presence of even focal endometrial stromal differentiation in an invasive uterine mesenchymal lesion with a predominant low-grade smooth muscle, fibroblastic, and/or myxoid phenotype should permit classification as low-grade @entity242 -they should be considered @entity6019 .

title: XXXX with unusual histologic features: a report of 24 primary and @entity3 emphasizing fibroblastic and smooth muscle differentiation.

answer: @entity6019 :: (MESH:D018203,Disease) :: ['Endometrial stromal sarcomas']


abstract: Rare reports describe high molecular weight cytokeratin (clone 34betaE12) antibody cross-reactivity in scattered @entity263 ( @entity263 ) cells, yet most often not in a true basal cell distribution. There are no data specifically describing 34betaE12 reactivity in basal cells in @entity263 . From August 10, 1995 to May 1, 2000, a total of 3198 consult prostate needle biopsies with @entity263 and a 34betaE12 immunoperoxidase stain were reviewed at our institution. Thirty-six cases (1.1%), which on @entity1710 and @entity1711 stain were unequivocal @entity5 , had at least focal 34betaE12 positivity in a basal cell distribution. Twenty-five had original diagnostic slides for review. All @entity5 were Gleason score 6. The mean number of @entity5 glands per case was 36.9 (10-108) with an average of 39% of glands (1-100%) showing 34betaE12 reactivity. Twenty-one cases had patchy staining in a basal cell distribution with one other case showing continuous staining. An additional case showed mainly @entity5 cell reactivity with rare basal cell staining. The final two cases showed a zonal staining pattern with small glands toward one side of the lesion showing basal cells [one with @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ); one without @entity5436 ]. @entity5436 was present in 16 of 25 (64%) cases adjacent to @entity263 . The mean number of @entity5436 glands was 1.36 (1-6). In cases with @entity5436 the mean ratio of @entity263 was 6.8 (0.5-13.0). In 12 cases in which the lesion was still present on deeper sectioning, we were able to confirm in nine cases the presence of basal cells using antibodies to @entity4206 , another marker for prostatic basal cells. Four of the 25 @entity1 underwent radical prostatectomy; all showed Gleason score 6 @entity263 . Three radical prostatectomies demonstrated 34betaE12 reactivity: two with patchy staining in a basal cell distribution and one with mainly @entity5 cell staining. Adjacent @entity5436 was present in all three radical prostatectomy specimens. Rare lesions with the appearance of @entity263 show 34betaE12 staining in a basal cell distribution either from retention of basal cells by early invasive @entity5 or from @entity5436 outpouching. The lack of adjacent @entity5436 in some cases and the large ratio of small atypical glands to @entity5436 glands argue against @entity5436 outpouching as the sole explanation. In cases with adjacent @entity5436 a comparison of the proximity and number of the small, atypical, infiltrative appearing glands to @entity5436 is helpful. The diagnosis of @entity263 in the face of positive 34betaE12 basal cell staining should be made with extreme caution, only in the face of unequivocal @entity5 on the @entity1710 and @entity1711 stain.

title: Can basal cells be seen in XXXX ?: an immunohistochemical study using high molecular weight cytokeratin (clone 34betaE12) antibody.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PCa', 'cancer to HGPIN glands', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['HGPIN', 'high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: For clarification of the direct relationship between the reactivation of herpes simplex virus and the development of @entity4401 , a detection of the virus genome by @entity3141 diagnostics and a quantitative analysis of its time-course change are both needed. The authors detected the HSV genome in specimens from @entity1 with @entity4401 , quantified its number of copies, and examined time-course changes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 16 @entity1 with @entity4401 . The tear fluid and saliva from the submandibular gland and the parotid gland were separately collected from the affected and unaffected sides twice or more. A total of 244 specimens were subjected to extraction of @entity3141 , polymerase chain reaction, and microplate hybridization. RESULTS: @entity3307 @entity3141 was detected in 38 specimens (11.8%) from 5 @entity1 (31%). The high detection (28.5%) was obtained within 2 weeks after onset. Detection at 3 weeks and later (2.8%) was significantly lower ( < 0.05). In three cases, @entity3141 was also found on the unaffected side in the initial phase of the disease, but detection on that side (18.9%) was significantly lower than on the affected side (83.8%) ( < 0.01). The number of copies of the @entity3307 genome was large on the affected side and early after the onset of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The reactivation of @entity3307 on the affected side is involved as a pathogenic factor of @entity4401 . A reactivation of @entity3307 may be generated even on the unaffected side in the early phase of the disease. Herpes simplex virus @entity3141 was not detected in any of the examined specimens collected from the remaining 11 cases. The need for constant study to clarify other causative factors of @entity4401 remains.

title: Secretion and dynamics of herpes simplex virus in tears and saliva of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['Herpes simplex virus-1', 'herpes simplex virus-1']

entities_list: @entity3141 :: ('CHEBI:16991', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's Palsy"]

answer: @entity4401 :: (MESH:D020330,Disease) :: ['Bell's palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: For clarification of the direct relationship between the reactivation of herpes simplex virus and the development of @entity4401 , a detection of the virus genome by @entity3141 diagnostics and a quantitative analysis of its time-course change are both needed. The authors detected the HSV genome in specimens from @entity1 with @entity4401 , quantified its number of copies, and examined time-course changes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 16 @entity1 with @entity4401 . The tear fluid and saliva from the submandibular gland and the parotid gland were separately collected from the affected and unaffected sides twice or more. A total of 244 specimens were subjected to extraction of @entity3141 , polymerase chain reaction, and microplate hybridization. RESULTS: @entity3307 @entity3141 was detected in 38 specimens (11.8%) from 5 @entity1 (31%). The high detection (28.5%) was obtained within 2 weeks after onset. Detection at 3 weeks and later (2.8%) was significantly lower ( < 0.05). In three cases, @entity3141 was also found on the unaffected side in the initial phase of the disease, but detection on that side (18.9%) was significantly lower than on the affected side (83.8%) ( < 0.01). The number of copies of the @entity3307 genome was large on the affected side and early after the onset of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The reactivation of @entity3307 on the affected side is involved as a pathogenic factor of @entity4401 . A reactivation of @entity3307 may be generated even on the unaffected side in the early phase of the disease. Herpes simplex virus @entity3141 was not detected in any of the examined specimens collected from the remaining 11 cases. The need for constant study to clarify other causative factors of @entity4401 remains.

title: Secretion and dynamics of herpes simplex virus in tears and saliva of XXXX with @entity4401 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The role of iliac artery angioplasty and stenting (IAS) for the treatment of limb-threatening @entity63 is not defined. IAS has been used primarily for @entity1 with disabling @entity613 . Because poorer results have been shown in @entity1 with critical @entity63 after iliac artery angioplasty, the purpose of this study was to estimate the influence of risk factors on the outcome of iliac angioplasty and stent placement in @entity1 with limb-threatening @entity63 . METHODS: During a 5-year period (from 1996 to 2001), 85 iliac angioplasty and stent placement procedures (107 stents) were performed in 31 @entity1 and 43 @entity1 with limb-threatening @entity63 . @entity1 with @entity613 were specifically excluded. The criteria prepared by the Ad Hoc Committee on Reporting Standards (Society for Vascular Surgery/International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery) were followed to define the variables. The TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus classification was used to characterize the type of @entity75 . Both univariate (Kaplan-Meier [KM]) and multivariate analyses (Cox proportional hazards model) were used to determine the association between variables, cumulative patency, limb salvage, and survival. RESULTS: Indications for iliac angioplasty with stenting were @entity158 (56%) and tissue loss (44%). Primary stenting was performed in 36 @entity1 (42%). Stents were placed selectively after iliac angioplasty mainly for residual stenosis or pressure gradient (43%). Overall, primary stent patency rate was 90% at 1 year, 74% at 3 years, and 69% at 5 years. Primary stent patency rate was significantly reduced in @entity1 compared with @entity1 (KM, log-rank test, P <.001). Primary patency rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 79%, 57%, and 38% for @entity1 and 92%, 88%, and 88% for @entity1 . Primary stent patency rate also was significantly reduced in @entity1 with @entity177 ( @entity1011 level, >1.6 mg/dL; KM, log-rank test, P <.001). Cox regression analysis identified female gender (relative risk, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.8 to 7.9; P =.002) and @entity177 (relative risk, 6.6; 95% CI, 1.6 to 14.2; P =.01) as independent predictors of decreased primary stent patency. No independent predictors for limb salvage and survival were identified. CONCLUSION: @entity1 undergoing iliac angioplasty and stenting for limb-threatening @entity63 have significantly reduced primary stent patency rates and may need additional procedures to obtain satisfactory clinical improvement and limb salvage. @entity1 with @entity177 and critical @entity63 also have reduced primary stent patency rates after IAS. Limb salvage, as shown in this study, is not affected by previous iliac stent failure.

title: Predictors for adverse outcome after iliac angioplasty and stenting for limb-threatening XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['iliac lesions']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic rest pain']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Induced @entity1167 (suspended animation) could provide valuable time to repair major @entity1317 if safely induced in @entity1 with @entity130 . We report a novel method of doing this in a @entity1707 model of uncontrolled lethal @entity548 (ULH) that resulted in preservation of learning ability and memory. METHODS: Yorkshire @entity1707 (100 to 125 lb) underwent ULH before rapid intra-aortic infusion of a hypothermic (4 degrees C), @entity6564 (70 mEq/L) organ preservation solution by a left thoracotomy. Cooling continued until core temperature reached 10 degrees C, and this was maintained for 60 minutes using low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass. @entity1317 were repaired during this state of suspended animation, which was then reversed, and the animals were observed for 6 weeks. Cognitive functions were tested by training animals to retrieve food from color-coded boxes. Postoperatively, the ability to remember this task and a 75-point objective neurologic scale were used to test neurologic function. In experiment I, ULH was caused by lacerating thoracic aorta (n = 9). Five preoperatively untrained animals were trained to perform the task and compared with control animals (n = 15), and 4 preoperatively trained animals were tested for memory retention postoperatively. In experiment II, ULH was induced by creating an iliac artery and @entity130 (n = 15). Animals were kept in shock for 15, 30, and 60 minutes before the induction of @entity2332 . RESULTS: In experiment I, surviving animals (7/9) were neurologically intact, and their capacity to learn new skills was no different than for control animals. All pretrained animals demonstrated complete memory retention. In experiment II, survival with 15, 30, and 60 minutes of shock were 80%, 60%, and 80%, respectively. All animals (except 1) in the 60-minute group were neurologically intact and displayed normal learning capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Induction of hypothermic @entity1167 (by thoracotomy) for repair of complex @entity130 is feasible with preservation of normal neurologic function, even after extended periods of shock from an intra-abdominal source of uncontrolled @entity548 .

title: Learning and memory is preserved after induced asanguineous XXXX in a @entity1707 model of traumatic exsanguination.

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['asanguineous hypothermic metabolic arrest', 'metabolic arrest']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries', 'Vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity6564 :: ('MESH:D020513', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemic']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'vein injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['hyperkalemic hypothermic arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Induced @entity1167 (suspended animation) could provide valuable time to repair major @entity1317 if safely induced in @entity1 with @entity130 . We report a novel method of doing this in a @entity1707 model of uncontrolled lethal @entity548 (ULH) that resulted in preservation of learning ability and memory. METHODS: Yorkshire @entity1707 (100 to 125 lb) underwent ULH before rapid intra-aortic infusion of a hypothermic (4 degrees C), @entity6564 (70 mEq/L) organ preservation solution by a left thoracotomy. Cooling continued until core temperature reached 10 degrees C, and this was maintained for 60 minutes using low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass. @entity1317 were repaired during this state of suspended animation, which was then reversed, and the animals were observed for 6 weeks. Cognitive functions were tested by training animals to retrieve food from color-coded boxes. Postoperatively, the ability to remember this task and a 75-point objective neurologic scale were used to test neurologic function. In experiment I, ULH was caused by lacerating thoracic aorta (n = 9). Five preoperatively untrained animals were trained to perform the task and compared with control animals (n = 15), and 4 preoperatively trained animals were tested for memory retention postoperatively. In experiment II, ULH was induced by creating an iliac artery and @entity130 (n = 15). Animals were kept in shock for 15, 30, and 60 minutes before the induction of @entity2332 . RESULTS: In experiment I, surviving animals (7/9) were neurologically intact, and their capacity to learn new skills was no different than for control animals. All pretrained animals demonstrated complete memory retention. In experiment II, survival with 15, 30, and 60 minutes of shock were 80%, 60%, and 80%, respectively. All animals (except 1) in the 60-minute group were neurologically intact and displayed normal learning capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Induction of hypothermic @entity1167 (by thoracotomy) for repair of complex @entity130 is feasible with preservation of normal neurologic function, even after extended periods of shock from an intra-abdominal source of uncontrolled @entity548 .

title: Learning and memory is preserved after induced asanguineous @entity1167 in a XXXX model of traumatic exsanguination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the initial energy level required for electrical cardioversion of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS: We studied @entity1 undergoing electrical cardioversion in the 1st Multicenter Trial of SOCESP. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the initial energy level of electrical cardioversion: 100J and >/=150J. We compared the efficacy of the initial and final shock of the procedure, the number of shocks administered, and the cumulative energy levels. RESULTS: Eight-six @entity1 underwent electrical cardioversion. In 53 @entity1 (62%), cardioversion was started with 100J, and in 33 @entity1 (38%), cardioversion was started with >/=150J. Groups did not differ regarding clinical features and therapeutical interventions. A tendency existed towards greater efficacy of the @entity1457 in @entity1 who received >/=150J (61% vs. 42% in the 100J group, p=0.08). The number of shocks was smaller in the >/=150J group (1.5+/-0.7 vs. 2.1+/-1.3, p=0.04). No difference existed regarding the final efficacy of electrical cardioversion and total cumulative energy levels in both groups. In the subgroup of @entity1 with recent-onset @entity955 (</=48h), the cumulative energy level was lower in the 100J group (240+/-227J vs. 324+/-225J, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity1 who were given initial energy of >/=150J received fewer counter shocks with a tendency toward greater success than those @entity1 who were given 100J; however, in @entity1 with recent-onset @entity955 , the average cumulative energy level was lower in the 100J group. These data suggest that electrical cardioversion should be initiated with energy levels >/=150J in @entity1 with chronic @entity955 .

title: Initial energy for external electrical cardioversion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['initial shock']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1482 has been used for over 20 years as an antiandrogen in the treatment of @entity5477 and @entity3427 . No long-term studies of the safety of @entity1482 used in this manner have been published. We present a study of the long-term safety and tolerance of @entity1482 in 91 @entity1 with @entity5477 who were followed for up to 8 years. METHODS: A survey questionnaire was sent to 210 @entity1 , and a comparison chart review of all @entity1 to whom the survey was sent was made. RESULTS: Ninety-one completed surveys were analyzed, comprising 506 @entity1 -years of followup and 200 @entity1 -years of @entity1482 exposure. Mean treatment length was 28.5 months (range = 0.5-122 months). During the 8-year followup period, there were no cases of serious illness attributable to @entity1482 use. Side effects were present in 59% and resulted in cessation of the drug in 15%. Diuretic effect and @entity1866 were the most common adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: After 200 @entity1 -years of exposure to @entity1482 and 506 @entity1 -years of followup over 8 years, no serious illnesses thought to be attributed to @entity1482 were reported. The long-term use of @entity1482 in the treatment of @entity5477 in @entity1 appears to be safe. Side effects, however, are common, although not usually a cause for stopping the drug.

title: Long-term safety of XXXX in @entity5477 : results of an 8-year followup study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual irregularities']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone', 'Spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity1482 :: (MESH:D013148,Chemical) :: ['spironolactone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1482 has been used for over 20 years as an antiandrogen in the treatment of @entity5477 and @entity3427 . No long-term studies of the safety of @entity1482 used in this manner have been published. We present a study of the long-term safety and tolerance of @entity1482 in 91 @entity1 with @entity5477 who were followed for up to 8 years. METHODS: A survey questionnaire was sent to 210 @entity1 , and a comparison chart review of all @entity1 to whom the survey was sent was made. RESULTS: Ninety-one completed surveys were analyzed, comprising 506 @entity1 -years of followup and 200 @entity1 -years of @entity1482 exposure. Mean treatment length was 28.5 months (range = 0.5-122 months). During the 8-year followup period, there were no cases of serious illness attributable to @entity1482 use. Side effects were present in 59% and resulted in cessation of the drug in 15%. Diuretic effect and @entity1866 were the most common adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: After 200 @entity1 -years of exposure to @entity1482 and 506 @entity1 -years of followup over 8 years, no serious illnesses thought to be attributed to @entity1482 were reported. The long-term use of @entity1482 in the treatment of @entity5477 in @entity1 appears to be safe. Side effects, however, are common, although not usually a cause for stopping the drug.

title: Long-term safety of @entity1482 in XXXX : results of an 8-year followup study.

answer: @entity5477 :: (MESH:D000152,Disease) :: ['acne']


abstract: Tissue weights and immunoreactive (IR) content and concentration of @entity11982 , @entity3000 , and vasopressin were assayed for senescent change in anterior pituitary, neurointermediate pituitary, @entity2339 , hippocampus, striatum, dorsolateral cortex, and pons-medulla, as well as residual brain samples remaining after the other dissections. Groups of naive male C57BL/6J @entity19 , 8-12 months old and 28-32 months old, served as subjects. Old @entity19 exhibited significant decline in anterior pituitary and hippocampus weight. Significant increases with age were found in pons-medulla weight. @entity3239 -endorphin content decreased in @entity2339 and neurointermediate pituitary. IR @entity3000 decreased in striatum and dorsolateral cortex. IR vasopressin content increased in @entity2339 and residual brain. Assays were replicated in later experiments using additional subjects, for total Ns of up to 54 @entity19 . Although significant overall results were always consistent in direction from replication to replication, the magnitude of age change exhibited considerable variability. Such results suggest that single experiments on age changes in neuropeptides, particularly those giving negative results, should be carefully scrutinized and replicated before their acceptance as evidence for a transmitter's stability or instability throughout the lifespan.

title: Senescent change in tissue weight and immunoreactive XXXX , @entity3000 , and vasopressin in eight regions of C57BL/6J @entity19 brain and pituitary.

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity3000 :: ('MESH:D004745', 'Chemical') :: ['enkephalin']

answer: @entity11982 :: (18976(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['beta-endorphin']


abstract: Tissue weights and immunoreactive (IR) content and concentration of @entity11982 , @entity3000 , and vasopressin were assayed for senescent change in anterior pituitary, neurointermediate pituitary, @entity2339 , hippocampus, striatum, dorsolateral cortex, and pons-medulla, as well as residual brain samples remaining after the other dissections. Groups of naive male C57BL/6J @entity19 , 8-12 months old and 28-32 months old, served as subjects. Old @entity19 exhibited significant decline in anterior pituitary and hippocampus weight. Significant increases with age were found in pons-medulla weight. @entity3239 -endorphin content decreased in @entity2339 and neurointermediate pituitary. IR @entity3000 decreased in striatum and dorsolateral cortex. IR vasopressin content increased in @entity2339 and residual brain. Assays were replicated in later experiments using additional subjects, for total Ns of up to 54 @entity19 . Although significant overall results were always consistent in direction from replication to replication, the magnitude of age change exhibited considerable variability. Such results suggest that single experiments on age changes in neuropeptides, particularly those giving negative results, should be carefully scrutinized and replicated before their acceptance as evidence for a transmitter's stability or instability throughout the lifespan.

title: Senescent change in tissue weight and immunoreactive @entity11982 , XXXX , and vasopressin in eight regions of C57BL/6J @entity19 brain and pituitary.

answer: @entity3000 :: (MESH:D004745,Chemical) :: ['enkephalin']


abstract: Tissue weights and immunoreactive (IR) content and concentration of @entity11982 , @entity3000 , and vasopressin were assayed for senescent change in anterior pituitary, neurointermediate pituitary, @entity2339 , hippocampus, striatum, dorsolateral cortex, and pons-medulla, as well as residual brain samples remaining after the other dissections. Groups of naive male C57BL/6J @entity19 , 8-12 months old and 28-32 months old, served as subjects. Old @entity19 exhibited significant decline in anterior pituitary and hippocampus weight. Significant increases with age were found in pons-medulla weight. @entity3239 -endorphin content decreased in @entity2339 and neurointermediate pituitary. IR @entity3000 decreased in striatum and dorsolateral cortex. IR vasopressin content increased in @entity2339 and residual brain. Assays were replicated in later experiments using additional subjects, for total Ns of up to 54 @entity19 . Although significant overall results were always consistent in direction from replication to replication, the magnitude of age change exhibited considerable variability. Such results suggest that single experiments on age changes in neuropeptides, particularly those giving negative results, should be carefully scrutinized and replicated before their acceptance as evidence for a transmitter's stability or instability throughout the lifespan.

title: Senescent change in tissue weight and immunoreactive @entity11982 , @entity3000 , and vasopressin in eight regions of C57BL/6J XXXX brain and pituitary.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: It is believed that sexual activity increases the need to sleep in many species. However, the relationship between copulatory activity and sleep has been poorly studied. Several studies have observed variations in the sleep of female @entity35 and @entity1 as a function of their reproductive state. These effects have been correlated with the effects of female @entity134 hormones, but not with sexual activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sleep-wake pattern of male @entity35 immediately after different conditions of copulatory activity. Sexually experienced male @entity35 were chronically implanted with a standard set of electrodes for sleep recording. After a control sleep recording of 8 h, the males were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental conditions: 30 min in the presence of an ovariectomized (OVX) @entity35 ; 30 min in the presence of an intact non-receptive female (NRF); with a receptive female until reaching one ejaculation (1E); and with a receptive female until reaching three ejaculations (3E). In addition, after 10 days, males were randomly exposed to one of the following copulatory conditions during 4 h: to remain in the presence of an OVX @entity35 ; to remain in the presence of an NRF female, and with receptive females until reaching sexual satiety (SS). Male sexual behavior was assessed just after the onset of the dark period, and sleep recordings were obtained during 8 h immediately after experimental testing. Both the three ejaculations group (3E) in the first experiment and the sexual satiety group (SS) in the second experiment showed enhanced percentages of time spent in @entity25 ( @entity25 ) II and a shorter latency to the first @entity25 II episode than in the control group or under basal conditions. In addition, neither the presence of a non-receptive female or an OVX female, nor sexual behavior until reaching one ejaculation induced any effect on the sleep stages. These findings suggest that the increase in @entity25 II induced by both 3E and SS may be governed by some specific mechanism that is essentially independent of physical exercise or stress. Copulatory activity might be the source of neurohormonal processes that induce sleep and may involve the participation of @entity1246 , @entity750 or other endogenous regulators of sleep and wakefulness. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism by which the sexual behavior increases @entity25 is still to be determined.

title: Copulatory activity increases slow-wave sleep in the male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow wave sleep', 'SWS']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity3562 is an independent @entity65 factor. There are several factors including aging that contribute to the development of @entity3562 . Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms causing this condition are still debated. We hypothesize that the age-related decrease in @entity2493 levels may be consequential in @entity3562 . Recently, we found that plasma @entity1255 (Hcy) levels are increased in pinealectomized (PINX) @entity35 and @entity2493 reverses this increase. The aim of the present study was to determine if there is a circadian rhythm of plasma Hcy in @entity35 and to examine the effect of pinealectomy on this cycle. Plasma Hcy levels demonstrated a 24-hr rhythm with a peak at 02:00 hr and a nadir at 14:00 hr in both control and PINX @entity35 . Pinealectomy did not change the phase of the rhythm or the nocturnal elevation of plasma Hcy, but it did significantly increase mean plasma Hcy levels compared with those in controls and in @entity35 that were sham pinealectomized (sPINX) (P < 0.05). @entity2493 decreases plasma Hcy levels while causing an increase in total @entity2041 (tGSH). In conclusion, we speculate that decreasing levels of @entity2493 during aging lead to @entity3562 and a decrease in t @entity2197 and the latter may be one of the factors causing @entity3562 in the elderly population.

title: Effects of pinealectomy on the levels and the circadian rhythm of plasma XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['Melatonin', 'melatonin']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: @entity3562 is an independent @entity65 factor. There are several factors including aging that contribute to the development of @entity3562 . Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms causing this condition are still debated. We hypothesize that the age-related decrease in @entity2493 levels may be consequential in @entity3562 . Recently, we found that plasma @entity1255 (Hcy) levels are increased in pinealectomized (PINX) @entity35 and @entity2493 reverses this increase. The aim of the present study was to determine if there is a circadian rhythm of plasma Hcy in @entity35 and to examine the effect of pinealectomy on this cycle. Plasma Hcy levels demonstrated a 24-hr rhythm with a peak at 02:00 hr and a nadir at 14:00 hr in both control and PINX @entity35 . Pinealectomy did not change the phase of the rhythm or the nocturnal elevation of plasma Hcy, but it did significantly increase mean plasma Hcy levels compared with those in controls and in @entity35 that were sham pinealectomized (sPINX) (P < 0.05). @entity2493 decreases plasma Hcy levels while causing an increase in total @entity2041 (tGSH). In conclusion, we speculate that decreasing levels of @entity2493 during aging lead to @entity3562 and a decrease in t @entity2197 and the latter may be one of the factors causing @entity3562 in the elderly population.

title: Effects of pinealectomy on the levels and the circadian rhythm of plasma @entity1255 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Alterations of cell cycle-regulated genes play an important role in the process of @entity105 , and some of them are thought to be prognostic factors in @entity418 . The expressions of @entity876 , @entity986 , @entity996 and @entity4910 proteins were evaluated immunohistochemically in 144 @entity1 who underwent curative esophagectomy without any adjuvant therapy before surgery. @entity876 overexpression was observed in 99 (69%) out of the 144 @entity1 . No significant correlation was noted between @entity876 and any other gene expression. @entity986 expression was observed in 12 (8.3%) out of all cases. A negative correlation was recognized between @entity986 and @entity4910 expression (P=0.0004). @entity996 expression was observed in 130 (90.3%) out of all cases, whereas @entity996 expression was not observed in 11 out of the 12 @entity1 with @entity986 -positive @entity5 . A negative correlation was also found between @entity986 and @entity996 (P < 0.0001). A positive correlation was noted between @entity996 and @entity4910 expression (P=0.0009). The cumulative survival rate of @entity1 without @entity996 expression was significantly lower than that of @entity1 with positive expression (P=0.003). In the multivariate survival analysis, @entity996 expression was an independent prognostic factor. In 98% of all @entity1 with @entity418 , impairment of the G1 checkpoint is due to a loss of function by @entity986 , @entity996 or @entity4910 , which showed a negative correlation in each factor. In addition, aberrant expression of @entity996 is useful as a prognostic factor in @entity418 .

title: Cell cycle-regulated factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the occurrence of @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ) and their allergens in domestic locations is important when planning intervention. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of HDMs and their allergens before intervention in multiple locations in the homes of newly diagnosed @entity56 @entity1 with a known high @entity17869 concentration in their mattress dust. METHODS: Dust was collected from ten locations in the homes of eight @entity56 @entity1 . Dust was analysed for allergen content with ELISAs for Der f 1, Der @entity3881 ; and @entity6711 were counted. Total allergen concentrations ( micro g @entity17869 dust) were expressed as the sum of Der f 1, Der @entity3881 . RESULTS: On mattresses the median concentration was 86 micro g @entity17869 dust (range 30-288) and 188 mites/g dust (range 12-1910). @entity17869 exceeded 10 micro g/g dust in mattresses (8/8), duvets/pillows (3/8), a bedroom carpet (1/1), a living room carpet (1/6), upholstered furniture (2/8) and a curtain (1/5). Uncarpeted floors, upholstered furniture, bookshelves and walls had significantly lower @entity17869 concentration than the mattresses. The relative contribution of Der @entity3881 , Der f 1 or Der m 1 to @entity17869 was related to homes, rather than to the location. Der m 1 only occurred in minute amounts. CONCLUSION: For @entity6711 intervention, our results indicate that priority should be given to the removal of allergens from mattresses, and in addition from carpets, duvets/pillows and upholstered furniture. Dust from walls, uncarpeted floors, bookshelves and curtains appear to contribute insignificantly to the domestic @entity6711 allergen load.

title: House dust mites and their allergens at selected locations in the homes of house dust mite-allergic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['HDM-allergic']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'house dust mites']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Intradermal skin testing is widely used to determine the causative drugs of presumed anaphylactic anaesthetic reactions. This paper sets out to evaluate the usefulness of skin tests, both intradermal and prick testing, in the prediction of anaesthetic reactions. The muscle relaxant drugs @entity2899 and @entity5159 were chosen for study since they are known to produce a high incidence of minor histaminoid reactions. A trial was conducted in 22 female @entity1 about to undergo elective gynaecological surgery for non-malignant conditions. In intradermal tests, positive wheal and flare reactions to one or other relaxant (diluted 1 in 1,000) occurred in 17 @entity1 and reactions to both drugs in 11 @entity1 . Despite this high incidence of positive reactions, none of the @entity1 had received either drug previously, a view confirmed by the negative results of prick testing. Likewise, when anaesthetized for surgery using @entity5159 or @entity2899 allocated randomly, the minor histaminoid manifestations observed showed no correlation whatsoever with the intradermal tests results. The results of the trial, combined with external reports to this centre, indicate that intradermal testing of anaesthetic drugs, particularly muscle relaxants, produces a high incidence of false positive results. This probably reflects their pharmacological activity rather than antigenicity. It is recommended, therefore, that skin testing should be reserved for situations in which there are strong indications from laboratory tests, backed by case history, of immune sensitization.

title: Skin testing in the investigation of reactions to intravenous anaesthetic drugs. A prospective trial of @entity5159 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['tubocurarine']

answer: @entity2899 :: (MESH:D014403,Chemical) :: ['tubocurarine']


abstract: Intradermal skin testing is widely used to determine the causative drugs of presumed anaphylactic anaesthetic reactions. This paper sets out to evaluate the usefulness of skin tests, both intradermal and prick testing, in the prediction of anaesthetic reactions. The muscle relaxant drugs @entity2899 and @entity5159 were chosen for study since they are known to produce a high incidence of minor histaminoid reactions. A trial was conducted in 22 female @entity1 about to undergo elective gynaecological surgery for non-malignant conditions. In intradermal tests, positive wheal and flare reactions to one or other relaxant (diluted 1 in 1,000) occurred in 17 @entity1 and reactions to both drugs in 11 @entity1 . Despite this high incidence of positive reactions, none of the @entity1 had received either drug previously, a view confirmed by the negative results of prick testing. Likewise, when anaesthetized for surgery using @entity5159 or @entity2899 allocated randomly, the minor histaminoid manifestations observed showed no correlation whatsoever with the intradermal tests results. The results of the trial, combined with external reports to this centre, indicate that intradermal testing of anaesthetic drugs, particularly muscle relaxants, produces a high incidence of false positive results. This probably reflects their pharmacological activity rather than antigenicity. It is recommended, therefore, that skin testing should be reserved for situations in which there are strong indications from laboratory tests, backed by case history, of immune sensitization.

title: Skin testing in the investigation of reactions to intravenous anaesthetic drugs. A prospective trial of XXXX and @entity2899 .

answer: @entity5159 :: (MESH:D001279,Chemical) :: ['atracurium']


abstract: The gut immune system is an essential part of the barrier function of the gut. At weaning, major changes can be expected in the number and subset composition of lymphocytes in the small intestine since the gut is exposed to a wide variety of food and microbial antigens, especially when @entity1 milk is gradually replaced by weaning foods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in small intestine lymphocyte subsets in @entity19 during weaning. BALB/c male @entity19 at weaning (3 wk old) were fed a nonpurified diet for 18 d and were killed at different times (0, 4, 7, 12 and 18 d). Lymphocyte populations from lamina propria (LPL), Peyer's patches (PPL) and intestinal epithelium (IEL) were isolated. The expression of different antigens ( @entity5168 , @entity1961 , @entity3414 , @entity3415 , @entity37996 and @entity8236 ) in those lymphocyte populations was analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentages of cells expressing T-cell antigens, such as @entity5168 , were significantly higher in LPL during weaning compared to d 0. The percentages of cells expressing @entity3414 and @entity3415 increased in both IEL and LPL. However, the percentage of @entity1961 + cells tended (P = 0.07) to decrease in IEL and to increase in LPL. The percentages of cells expressing B-cell antigens, such as @entity37996 or @entity8236 R in PPL increased. Changes in the specific phenotypes of intestinal lymphocyte populations at weaning are apparently related to the maturation of the intestinal immune system during early life. Thus, B cells increase in PPL and T cell increase in IEL and LPL.

title: Absolute counts and distribution of lymphocyte subsets in small intestine of BALB/c XXXX change during weaning.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: To evaluate functional recovery in 20 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 who received recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, serial two-dimensional echocardiograms were performed before and immediately after @entity1456 administration and at 1 and 10 days postinfarction. @entity1456 was administered intravenously (17 @entity1 ) or by intracoronary infusion (3 @entity1 ) after angiographic confirmation of total occlusion. Reperfusion, documented by angiography, occurred in 13 of the 20 @entity1 . The mean time from onset of @entity662 to thrombolysis was 5.1 +/- 1.1 hours. Echocardiograms were evaluated for regional function with a visual semiquantitative scoring system by two independent observers who had no knowledge of @entity1 identity, temporal sequence, therapy or effect of therapy. There was no immediate or 24 hour improvement in wall motion. At day 10 compared with pretreatment, 28 of 33 reperfused @entity1188 zone segments versus 6 of 20 nonreperfused @entity1188 segments demonstrated improved wall motion (p = 0.01). This improvement did not relate to time from onset of @entity662 to successful thrombolysis. Of reperfused @entity1188 zone segments in the distribution of coronary artery balloon dilation, 19 of 23 segments exhibited improvement versus 7 of 17 (reperfused, no angioplasty) and 6 of 20 (nonreperfused, no angioplasty) segments (p = 0.001). Infarct zone segments reperfused at the time of ongoing @entity662 demonstrated functional recovery compared with segments reperfused in the absence of @entity662 (18 of 23 versus 10 of 20, respectively; p = 0.05). Thus, in this uncontrolled series, there was echocardiographically detectable improvement in function of reperfused @entity1188 segments 10 days after coronary thrombolysis with recombinant @entity1456 .

title: Regional wall motion improvement after coronary thrombolysis with recombinant XXXX : importance of coronary angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator', 'Tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']


abstract: In this study the relationship between @entity1643 and the following factors was studied: Clinical findings, frequency and duration of absenteeism, social situation, @entity5539 . The sample studied included 220 @entity1 (participation frequency 86%) between the ages of 16-65 who had either acutely declared themselves unable to work because of @entity1643 (acute @entity1 , n = 50) or who had been ill because of @entity1643 for one month (subacute @entity1 , n = 50) or for three months (chronic @entity1 , n = 70). A control group (n = 50) consisting of @entity1 who had not been absent at all from work the last year was also included. Information regarding the @entity1 ' socio-economic situation, previous and present illnesses, further sick-listing during the one year follow-up period and the duration of absenteeism was obtained from the records of the Department of Health Insurance. The median age for @entity1 (68%) in the four different groups was 46, 46, 46 and 48.5, respectively. The corresponding figures for @entity1 were 50, 33, 33 and 49 years. Twenty percent were of foreign extraction. The proportion of foreigners in the group of non- @entity1 (n=33) was higher (39%) and in this group there was a significantly greater frequency of previous episodes of ill health of short duration (less than or equal to 7 days + no certificate of ill health). Despite a careful clinical examination it was not possible to find any objective signs amongst 51% (86) of the @entity1 . These @entity1 exhibited normal motion of the back, normal musculature, no signs of neurologic involvement, negative straight-leg-raising test, no fixed @entity158 position and no @entity158 during percussion or palpation despite the fact they had subjective symptoms. The proportion of @entity1 without objective findings increased with increased duration of absenteeism. Forty percent of the acute back @entity1 displayed no objective findings. The corresponding figures for the subacute and chronic back @entity1 groups were 34% and 70%, respectively. In the group without objective findings but with @entity1118 (greater than 3 months) there was an increased frequency of Waddell's non-organic signs compared with the group with objective findings. Psychological and social problems increased with increasing duration of absenteeism. There were significantly more @entity1 with @entity146 , signs of @entity988 and early retirement in the three months group compared to the remaining groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Acute, subacute and chronic XXXX : clinical symptoms, absenteeism and working environment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic and psychological factors and the working environment']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: AIM: To examine cardiovascular health benefits of foods containing a whole @entity1460 extract. METHODS: The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of consuming soy-based milk and yoghurt (treatment) or equivalent dairy products (control) for 5 weeks each. Twenty-six mildly hypercholesterolaemic and/or @entity101 volunteers were recruited from the community as study volunteers, of which 23 completed. Main outcome measures included clinic and ambulatory blood pressure, arterial compliance, lipids, @entity1718 and @entity6400 in fasted blood and 24-hour urinary @entity3093 excretion. Nutrient intakes were assessed initially and after each 5-week period. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine predictor variables in statistical models; order effects were tested by repeated measures ANOVA. Changes in Lp(a) were determined by Wilcoxon signed ranks tests; other differences between treatment and control were assessed by t tests. RESULTS: Plasma and urinary @entity6400 were markedly increased by whole soy supplementation but there were no overall differences in plasma lipids, blood pressure or arterial compliance between the soy and dairy diets. However, in 8 equol-positive subjects (equol detected in either plasma or urine), retrospective analysis revealed significant reductions in total @entity165 (8.5%), LDL @entity165 (10%), LDL:HDL ratio (13.5%), plasma @entity1674 (21%) and lipoprotein(a) (11%) with the soy diet. These reductions were independent of changes in polyunsaturated fat and other macronutrient intakes. CONCLUSIONS: Regular consumption of whole @entity1460 milk and yogurt products had no effect on plasma lipids, blood pressure or arterial compliance in at-risk subjects, despite substantially increasing @entity3093 levels in blood and urine. Retrospective analysis suggests that improvement of plasma lipids may have been limited to equol-positive subjects.

title: Limited lipid-lowering effects of regular consumption of whole XXXX foods.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: Of 652 consecutive @entity1 referred for coronary angioplasty between September 1980 and March 1984, 49 @entity1 presented with total or functional 'occlusion' of the involved vessel. @entity432 was defined as absent anterograde filling beyond the lesion. Functional occlusion was defined as faint, late anterograde opacification of the distal segment in the absence of a discernible luminal continuity. In 39 @entity1 , the @entity432 represented a progression, without acute @entity583 , of a previously diagnosed stenotic lesion. The maximal potential duration of occlusion was estimated to be 4 weeks or less in 21 @entity1 , more than 4 to 8 weeks in 12, and more than 8 weeks in 16. Dilation of the occluded artery was attempted in the left anterior descending coronary artery in 30 @entity1 , in the right coronary artery in 8, in the circumflex coronary in 7 and in 4 jumpgrafts. For the whole group, angioplasty was successful in 28 @entity1 (57%). The primary success rate with the functionally occluded vessel (81%) was significantly higher than with the total occlusion (45%). In 33 @entity1 with an occlusion estimated to be of 8 weeks or less, angioplasty was successful in 65%. In the 16 @entity1 with an occlusion estimated to be of 8 weeks or less, angioplasty was successful in 65%. In the 16 @entity1 with an occlusion estimated to be of more than 8 weeks duration, dilation was successful in 44%. Of the 21 @entity1 in whom angioplasty was unsuccessful, 11 required surgery (1 urgent with persistent @entity158 and ST elevation and 10 elective). Ten @entity1 were maintained on medical treatment. Of the 28 @entity1 in whom angioplasty was successful, 10 @entity1 had recurrence of symptoms during follow-up (1-42 months). Four were kept on medical therapy, three required bypass surgery and three underwent repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After primary success, late angiographic studies obtained in 20 out of 28 @entity1 showed reocclusion in 8. In conclusion, elective PTCA of totally occluded coronary arteries is feasible but the primary success rate is lower (57%) than that associated with conventional lesions. The long-term clinical results following successful angioplasty are satisfactory (64%), but the incidence of reocclusion is higher (40%).

title: Elective PTCA of totally occluded coronary arteries not associated with acute XXXX ; short-term and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total or functional occlusion', 'Total vessel occlusion']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Over the past 3 decades, enormous advances have been made in the creation of a standardized treatment protocol for @entity3969 . Less morbid regimens for low-risk @entity1 and more efficacious aggressive treatment protocols for high-risk @entity1 have been developed, and continue to be improved with newer studies, such as the NWTS-V. An area that has posed a more challenging aspect of the disease is its relapse. Although a standard follow-up protocol has been produced by in-depth evaluation of previous works, there has been a great deal of difficulty demonstrating improved relapse-free and overall survival rates in re-treatment of @entity1 suffering from recurrent @entity3969 . Several factors are involved in the success of treatment of relapse, some of which include prerelapse treatment of @entity66 and stage, site, and timing of recurrence. New agents and their combination with chemotherapeutics that already have established efficacy are being used for treatment of @entity3969 relapse, with varying success. These studies should lead the way for newer investigations in the future. @entity1 with @entity66 , @entity5606 , and clear cell @entity242 are especially in need of these future investigations. Perhaps the true final frontier is establishing the likelihood of @entity1 suffering a relapse. This topic currently is being studied in the fields of biologic markers and gene expression. This knowledge will hopefully, in turn, tailor initial treatment in a more specific manner.

title: Follow-up and management of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['initial disease', 'anaplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the rationality of the current diagnostic criterion of pregnancy induced @entity101 ( @entity5029 ) in mainland China. METHODS: To analytically review the 916 cases of @entity5029 in our hospital, reclassify them using both the current domestic diagnostic criteria and the William Obstetrics' criteria, then compare and analyze perinatal and maternal outcomes from the two standards. RESULTS: (1) Maternal outcomes: comparison result of the occurrences among three groups of @entity600 , postpartum @entity548 and @entity5869 according to domestic classification had significant difference (P < 0.05). And it's the same result according to foreign classification (P < 0.05). But the occurrences within three groups of @entity600 , postpartum @entity548 and @entity5869 between domestic and foreign classifications showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). (2) Perinatal outcomes: Comparison results of the occurrences among three groups of fetal growth restriction, @entity1763 neonatorum and perinatal fetal and @entity204 incidence according to domestic classification had significant difference (P < 0.05). And it's the same result according to foreign classification (P < 0.05). But the occurrences within three groups of fetal growth restriction, @entity1763 neonatorum and perinatal @entity5617 and neonatal incidence showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). (3) The constituent ratio of mild, moderate, severe @entity5029 according to domestic classifications was 46.6%, 18.4%, 34.9% respectively. The constituent ratio of gestationgal hypertision, mild @entity1468 and severe @entity1468 according to foreign classifications was 47.6%, 14.3%, 38.1%. There were significant differences between domestic and foreign constituent ratio (P < 0.05). If you compare the results from these two diagnostic classifications, with mild @entity5029 , the accordant rate was 85.0%; with severe @entity5029 , the rate was 93.8%; but it's only 40.2% with moderate @entity5029 . CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic criteria for @entity5029 being used in our mainland China is rational, but in the current stage, due to the lack of objective index for early diagnosis and overall assessment of @entity1 's condition, it's also limited. More objective index should be adopted to improve the diagnostic standard for @entity5029 .

title: [Study on diagnostic criterion of pregnancy induced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['premature birth']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A prospective study was undertaken of the accuracy in diagnosing intra-abdominal metastatic disease of the liver by scintigraphy, ultrasound scanning and laparoscopy. The effect of laparoscopy on management was also studied. Fifty @entity1 were studied: 23 @entity189 , 14 @entity356 and 13 with suspected intra-abdominal metastatic spread. Accuracy was determined by laparoscopic biopsy, laparotomy and autopsy. The accuracy was 72 per cent for scintigraphy, 75 per cent for ultrasound and 96 per cent for laparoscopy (with 10 per cent failed ultrasound due to intra-abdominal gas). There was no morbidity or mortality associated with laparoscopy, with one failure due to adhesions. Thirteen @entity1 without hepatic metastases had nodal and/or peritoneal spread diagnosed only by laparoscopy. Laparotomy was avoided in 58 per cent, and 74 per cent died in the 18 month follow-up period. Laparoscopy can obviate the need for laparotomy in inoperable cases of @entity189 and allow better planning for potentially curable surgery. In @entity356 the value of laparoscopy is doubtful as a high percentage require at least palliative surgery.

title: Laparoscopy or scanning in oesophageal and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attenuation changes on computed tomography (CT) in mediastinal @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) may be related to lung alterations and functional impairment in @entity5636 . DESIGN: CT and clinical data of 41 (64.2 +/- 8.3 years) males with @entity5636 were retrieved. Attenuation type (calcified, hyperdense, normodense) and @entity730 pattern (central, eccentric, dense, eggshell, speckled) of mediastinal @entity1600 were evaluated; @entity1600 attenuation of uncalcified LNs quantified on CT in six @entity1600 stations. Nodular profusion (CT-NP) and progressive massive @entity82 (CT-PMF) were graded. Relationships between @entity1600 , CT, lung function and clinical parameters were determined. RESULTS: @entity1600 sites were paratracheal (n = 39), subcarinal (n = 39), tracheobronchial (n = 37), aortopulmonary (n = 37), hilar (n = 27), and peri-oesophageal (n = 21). LNs were calcified, hyperdense and normodense in 107, 85 and 54 @entity1600 stations, respectively. Uniformly calcified @entity1600 was most common, followed by speckled @entity730 . Central, eccentric and eggshell @entity730 was rare. CT-NP scores > or = 16 were associated with higher @entity1600 attenuation and number of calcified @entity1600 stations than CT-NP scores < 16. PMF had no influence over @entity1600 morphology or @entity730 pattern. @entity1600 attenuation correlated with CT-PMF (r = 0.36, P = 0.01), CT-NP (r = 0.54, P < 0.001) and DLCO/VA (r = -0.33, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Uniformly calcified and hyperdense LNs are common in @entity5636 , and eggshell @entity1600 @entity730 is rare. There are associations between @entity1600 attenuation and lung function impairment, and CT grades of nodular profusion and PMF.

title: The relationship between mediastinal lymph node attenuation with parenchymal lung parameters in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5636 :: ('MESH:D012829', 'Disease') :: ['silicosis']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lymph nodes']

answer: @entity5636 :: (MESH:D012829,Disease) :: ['silicosis']


abstract: 1. Herein, we report the effects of acute or chronic forced swimming on vascular responsiveness to angiotensin (Ang) II. 2. The possible involvement of locally produced substances, such as @entity842 (NO) and @entity2918 , in these effects were studied in @entity35 thoracic aorta and superior mesenteric arteries. 3. Chronic, but not acute, swimming reduced the efficacy (maximal effect; Emax) of @entity1808 in thoracic aorta and mesenteric arteries, either with intact or denuded endothelium. 4. The efficacy of @entity1808 was reduced in the presence of @entity3352 in mesenteric arteries, but not in the aorta, from either control or chronically stressed @entity35 . 5. Treatment with @entity7293 reversed the effect of chronic stress on the response to @entity1808 , suggesting that chronic stress may increase non-endothelial NO activity in both the aorta and mesenteric arteries. 6. The effects of acute and chronic stress on vascular reactivity were selective for @entity1808 because no changes were observed on the effects of @entity2647 .

title: Vascular non-endothelial XXXX induced by swimming exercise stress in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['NG-monomethyl-l-arginine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: 1. Herein, we report the effects of acute or chronic forced swimming on vascular responsiveness to angiotensin (Ang) II. 2. The possible involvement of locally produced substances, such as @entity842 (NO) and @entity2918 , in these effects were studied in @entity35 thoracic aorta and superior mesenteric arteries. 3. Chronic, but not acute, swimming reduced the efficacy (maximal effect; Emax) of @entity1808 in thoracic aorta and mesenteric arteries, either with intact or denuded endothelium. 4. The efficacy of @entity1808 was reduced in the presence of @entity3352 in mesenteric arteries, but not in the aorta, from either control or chronically stressed @entity35 . 5. Treatment with @entity7293 reversed the effect of chronic stress on the response to @entity1808 , suggesting that chronic stress may increase non-endothelial NO activity in both the aorta and mesenteric arteries. 6. The effects of acute and chronic stress on vascular reactivity were selective for @entity1808 because no changes were observed on the effects of @entity2647 .

title: Vascular non-endothelial @entity842 induced by swimming exercise stress in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Stress-associated immune responses were compared between young (8 weeks of age) and old (56 weeks) @entity19 . Since stress suppresses the conventional immune system (i.e. T and B cells) but inversely activates the primordial immune system (i.e. extrathymic T cells, NKT cells, and granulocytes), these parameters were analysed after restraint stress for 24 h. The thymus became @entity3202 as a function of age, and an age-related increase in the number of lymphocytes was seen in the liver. Although the number of lymphocytes in both the thymus and liver decreased as the result of stress, the magnitude was much more prominent in the thymus. To determine stress-resistant lymphocyte subsets, two-colour immunofluorescence tests were conducted in the liver and spleen. NKT cells were found to be such cells in the liver of young @entity19 . On the other hand, an infiltration of granulocytes due to stress was more prominent in the liver of old @entity19 than in young @entity19 . @entity99 as a result of stress was prominent in young @entity19 . This age-related bias in the function of NKT cells and granulocytes seemed to be associated with a difference in the responses of @entity2661 (high in old @entity19 ) and @entity2819 (high in young @entity19 ) after stress. Indeed, an injection of @entity1425 mainly induced the infiltration of granulocytes while that of @entity701 activated NKT cells. The present results suggest the existence of age-related bias in the function of NKT cells and granulocytes after stress and that such bias might be produced by different responses of sympathetic nerves and @entity134 hormones between young and old @entity19 .

title: Age-related bias in function of natural killer T cells and granulocytes after stress: reciprocal association of XXXX hormones and sympathetic nerves.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver injury']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity281 is often based on clinical signs. However, clinical symptoms of @entity281 may not be specific, and for this reason early diagnosis is often determined on results of laboratory tests, which may not currently be adequate. A more reliable method of detection of @entity281 may be the demonstration of activated lymphocytes, which can be conducted rapidly and before the isolation of the infected organism. We have shown that detection of up-regulation of CD45RO, an activated/memory isoform of @entity1195 present on T cells, provides a reasonably sensitive screening test for @entity281 . We also showed that dual expression of CD45RA/CD45RO was up-regulated early during the infective process in neonates with documented @entity281 . However, other leucocytes are also activated during the infective process. To improve the sensitivity of the @entity281 screening test and to identify the types of leucocytes involved in the immune response to the infective organism, we studied further the up-regulation of a comprehensive range of surface activation markers on T cells, monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells from a group of 17 newborn @entity1 with positive culture, a group of 40 possibly infected @entity1 based on clinical signs and a control group. 'Normal' ranges were established for each activation marker for each leucocyte subset from 1 to 7 and 7-14-day-old newborns <35 weeks' gestation and 35-40 weeks' gestation. There was a significant increase in the percentage of T cells expressing @entity2902 in the peripheral blood from @entity1 at 2 weeks of age. Expression of HLA-DR on T cells, @entity2902 and @entity7986 on monocytes and HLA-DR on NK cells was also increased significantly in the peripheral blood from @entity1 at 2 weeks of age and may reflect a maturation of these functional surface molecules. Up-regulation of @entity7986 on NK cells was the most sensitive marker for @entity295 (positive in 13/16 @entity1 ). @entity7986 and @entity2902 expression was increased significantly on T cells in 11/17 and 10/17 @entity1 , respectively. A combination of CD45RA/CD45RO and CD45RO identified 11/16 infected @entity1 . Measurement of @entity7986 expression on NK cells with CD45RA, CD45RO, @entity2902 and @entity7986 expression on T cells resulted in a significant increase in at least two leucocyte activation markers from infected @entity1 . In conclusion, this is the first report of the up-regulation of @entity7986 on NK cells as a sensitive marker of @entity281 . A combination of this marker with CD45RA, CD45RO, @entity2902 and @entity7986 expression on peripheral blood derived T cells is the most sensitive and specific for @entity281 .

title: Multiple leucocyte activation markers to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infection', 'infection', 'infections', 'congenital or neonatal infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['detect neonatal infection']


abstract: BUG6 is a temperature-sensitive cell division mutant which forms filaments at the nonpermissive temperature. Synthesis of the @entity7969 - and @entity3649 -binding protein-dependent transport systems is also temperature sensitive in BUG6. Using operon and protein fusions of the @entity7969 transport genes to lacZ, we observed that the temperature-sensitive control of the @entity7969 transport system in BUG6 occurs at the transcriptional level. By P1-mediated transductions, we found that BUG6 contains two independent temperature-sensitive mutations. One maps between 2 and 3 min on the @entity526 linkage map, in close proximity to the fts-envA region. This mutation is responsible for temperature-sensitive cell division. The other mutation maps at 73 min in crp, the structural gene of the catabolite activator protein. The latter could be complemented by a hybrid plasmid carrying the wild-type crp as the only gene on a 0.9-kilobase HindIII-AluI restriction fragment. The mutation in crp alone was found to be responsible for the temperature-sensitive synthesis of the @entity7969 transport system. Although it causes a complete block of transcription of the @entity7969 transport genes at 41 degrees C, this mutation had only a marginal effect on the transcription of the lac operon.

title: Temperature-sensitive catabolite activator protein in XXXX BUG6.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Phosphofructokinase from @entity95 brain consists of hybrids of the A, B, and C isozymes. Phosphofructokinase C was isolated from a purified mixture of such hybrids in a 2-step procedure. In the first step, phosphofructokinase B was removed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. In the second step, subunits of phosphofructokinases A and C were separated by dissociation at pH 5.0 followed by chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose. The separated isozymes were then reassociated by neutralization. Phosphofructokinase C was structurally distinct from phosphofructokinases A (obtained from muscle or brain) and B (obtained from liver) as shown by one-dimensional chymotryptic and staphylococcal V8 protease fingerprints of all three isozymes. In addition, phosphofructokinase C cross-reacted weakly or not at all with antisera raised against phosphofructokinase B or phosphofructokinase A. Phosphofructokinase C was also kinetically distinct from the A and B isozymes. The C isozyme was more sensitive than the A isozyme but less sensitive than the B isozyme to inhibition by @entity855 , was less sensitive than the A isozyme but more sensitive than the B isozyme to inhibition by @entity1792 , and was less sensitive than either of the other two isozymes to activation by inorganic @entity1391 , @entity860 , and @entity28235 . The self-association properties of phosphofructokinase C differed from those of the A and B isozymes in that at pH 8.0, the C isozyme did not form oligomers larger than a tetramer under conditions where the other two isozymes did. Thus the properties of phosphofructokinase C are in general quite distinct from those of the other two phosphofructokinase isozymes.

title: Isolation and characterization of phosphofructokinase C from XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity28235 :: ('MESH:C027652', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose 2,6-bisphosphate']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Formation of the yolk sac vascular system and its connection to the embryonic circulation is crucial for embryo survival in both mammals and birds. Most @entity19 with mutations in genes involved in vascular development die because of a failure to establish this circulatory loop. Surprisingly, formation of yolk sac arteries and veins has not been well described in the recent literature. Using time-lapse video-microscopy, we have studied arterial-venous differentiation in the yolk sac of @entity1573 embryos. Immediately after the onset of perfusion, the yolk sac exhibits a posterior arterial and an anterior venous pole, which are connected to each other by cis-cis endothelial interactions. To form the paired and interlaced arterial-venous pattern characteristic of mature yolk sac vessels, small caliber vessels of the arterial domain are selectively disconnected from the growing arterial tree and subsequently reconnected to the venous system, implying that endothelial plasticity is needed to fashion normal growth of veins. Arterial-venous differentiation and patterning are controlled by hemodynamic forces, as shown by flow manipulation and in situ hybridization with arterial markers @entity44405 and @entity70951 , which show that expression of both mRNAs is not genetically determined but plastic and regulated by flow. In vivo application of @entity44405 or EphB4 in the developing yolk sac failed to produce any morphological effects. By contrast, @entity44405 and EphB4 application in the allantois of older embryos resulted in the rapid formation of arterial-venous shunts. In conclusion, we show that flow shapes the global patterning of the arterial tree and regulates the activation of the arterial markers @entity44405 and @entity70951 .

title: Flow regulates arterial-venous differentiation in the XXXX embryo yolk sac.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: A single monkey was trained to perform a grasp, lift, and hold task in which a stationary hand- held object was sometimes subjected to brief, predictable force-pulse perturbations. The displacement, grip, and lifting forces were measured as well the three-dimensional forces and torques to quantify specific @entity51 after reversible inactivation of the cerebellar nuclei. A prior single-cell recording study in the same monkey provided the stereotaxic coordinates used to guide intranuclear injections of @entity6341 . In total, 34 penetrations were performed at 28 different loci throughout the cerebellar nuclei. On each penetration, two 1.0-microl injections of 5 microg/microl @entity6341 , were made 1.0 mm apart either within the nuclei or in the white matter just lateral or posterior to the dentate nucleus. Injections in the region corresponding to the anterior interpositus nucleus produced pronounced dynamic @entity400 and dysmetric movements of the ipsilateral arm when the animal performed unrestrained reaching and grasping movements. In contrast, no relatively short-latency (15-20 min.) deficits were observed after injection in the dentate nucleus, although some effects were observed after several hours. When tested in a primate chair with the forearm supported and restrained at the wrist and elbow, the monkey performed the lift and hold task without @entity400 or @entity6447 . However, with the restraint removed, the forces and torques applied to the manipulandum were poorly controlled and erratic. The monkey's arm was ataxic and a 5-Hz intention @entity400 was clearly visible. In addition, the animal was generally unable to compensate for the predictable perturbations and the anticipatory grip force increases were absent. However, overall the results suggest that reversible cerebellar nuclear inactivation with @entity6341 has little effect on isolated distal movements of the wrist and fingers.

title: Effects of XXXX inactivation of the cerebellar nuclei on precision grip.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['dysmetria']

answer: @entity6341 :: (MESH:D009118,Chemical) :: ['muscimol']


abstract: Antibody secretion was measured in vitro as plaque-forming cells (PFC), using an indirect haemolysis-in-gel assay. Protein A from @entity794 (SPA) induced 4900 +/- 1800 (mean +/- SE from 12 individuals) IgG+A+M PFC/10(6) blood lymphocytes. This was comparable to responses induced by Staph. aureus Cowan 1, lipopolysaccharide, pokeweed mitogen, and purified protein derivative of tuberculin. In bone marrow, SPA induced the highest number of PFC (36,500 +/- 100/10(6) of all the B-cell activators. SPA mainly induced IgG PFC and only a few IgA and IgM PFC. In blood, B cells enriched by @entity742 erythrocyte sedimentation gave a higher PFC response to SPA than unseparated blood lymphocytes, whereas almost no stimulation was seen in enriched T cells. In bone marrow, the highest number of PFC stimulated by SPA was often seen among the enriched T cells. After the removal of adherent and phagocytic cells, the number of PFC induced by SPA was reduced in blood and bone marrow cells. In enriched B cells from blood, the number of PFC stimulated by SPA increased in the presence of enriched T cells depleted of @entity19 -positive cells and decreased when cultured with T cells depleted of @entity19 -positive cells. It is concluded that macrophages/monocytes and T helper and suppressor cells play a role in the regulation of @entity1 B-cell antibody secretion induced by SPA.

title: Induction of immunoglobulin secretion by protein A from XXXX in @entity1 blood and bone marrow B cells.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: Antibody secretion was measured in vitro as plaque-forming cells (PFC), using an indirect haemolysis-in-gel assay. Protein A from @entity794 (SPA) induced 4900 +/- 1800 (mean +/- SE from 12 individuals) IgG+A+M PFC/10(6) blood lymphocytes. This was comparable to responses induced by Staph. aureus Cowan 1, lipopolysaccharide, pokeweed mitogen, and purified protein derivative of tuberculin. In bone marrow, SPA induced the highest number of PFC (36,500 +/- 100/10(6) of all the B-cell activators. SPA mainly induced IgG PFC and only a few IgA and IgM PFC. In blood, B cells enriched by @entity742 erythrocyte sedimentation gave a higher PFC response to SPA than unseparated blood lymphocytes, whereas almost no stimulation was seen in enriched T cells. In bone marrow, the highest number of PFC stimulated by SPA was often seen among the enriched T cells. After the removal of adherent and phagocytic cells, the number of PFC induced by SPA was reduced in blood and bone marrow cells. In enriched B cells from blood, the number of PFC stimulated by SPA increased in the presence of enriched T cells depleted of @entity19 -positive cells and decreased when cultured with T cells depleted of @entity19 -positive cells. It is concluded that macrophages/monocytes and T helper and suppressor cells play a role in the regulation of @entity1 B-cell antibody secretion induced by SPA.

title: Induction of immunoglobulin secretion by protein A from @entity794 in XXXX blood and bone marrow B cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In adults, protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is reduced by as much as 50% after a septic challenge, and is associated with repression of translation initiation. Neonates are highly anabolic and their muscle protein synthesis rates are elevated and uniquely sensitive to @entity535 and insulin stimulation. In the present study, neonatal piglets were infused with Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, @entity558 ) for 20 h at 0 (n = 6) and 13 microg/kg*h (n = 8). During the last 2 h, @entity413 and an @entity535 mixture were infused to attain fed plasma concentrations of @entity1522 , @entity413 , and insulin. Fractional protein synthesis rates and translational control mechanisms were examined. @entity558 reduced protein synthesis in glycolytic muscles by only 13% and had no significant effect in oxidative muscles. This @entity308 was associated with reductions in the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 (-31%) and S6 K1 (-78%), and a decrease in eIF4G binding to @entity55923 (-62%), an event required for formation of the active mRNA binding complex. By comparison, @entity558 increased protein synthesis in the liver (+29%), spleen (+32%), and kidney (+27%), and in the liver, this increase was associated with augmented eIF4G to @entity55923 binding (+88%). In muscle and liver, @entity558 did not alter eIF2B activity, an event that regulates initiator met-tRNA(i) binding to the 40S ribosomal complex. These findings suggest that during sustained @entity5694 , the high rate of neonatal muscle protein synthesis is largely maintained in the presence of substrate supply, despite profound changes in translation initiation factors that modulate the mRNA binding step in translation initiation.

title: Regulation of muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs during prolonged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'dextrose']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: @entity10221 transcription factors are emerging as critical players in @entity1 reproductive development and function. @entity15774 contributes to fetal male gonadal development by regulating genes mediating M  llerian duct regression and the onset of @entity251 production. @entity12627 expression appears to be sexually dimorphic being transiently expressed in the germ cell lineage of the fetal ovary but not the fetal testis. In the reproductive system, @entity3421 is exclusively expressed in Sertoli cells at specific seminiferous tubule stages. In addition, @entity15774 and @entity43289 are localized primary to ovarian and testicular somatic cells. The majority of cell transfection studies demonstrate that @entity3421 and @entity15774 can stimulate inhibin subunit gene promoter constructs. Other studies provide strong evidence that @entity15774 and @entity43289 can activate genes mediating gonadal cell steroidogenesis. @entity12627 and @entity9388 are found in pituitary and placental cells and can regulate alpha-glycoprotein subunit gene expression. Gonadal expression and activation of GATAs appear to be regulated in part by gonadotropin signaling via the @entity1919 -protein kinase A pathway. This review will cover the current knowledge regarding @entity10221 expression and function at all levels of the reproductive axis.

title: The role of XXXX in @entity1 reproduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity10221 :: (55278,Gene) :: ['GATA']


abstract: @entity10221 transcription factors are emerging as critical players in @entity1 reproductive development and function. @entity15774 contributes to fetal male gonadal development by regulating genes mediating M  llerian duct regression and the onset of @entity251 production. @entity12627 expression appears to be sexually dimorphic being transiently expressed in the germ cell lineage of the fetal ovary but not the fetal testis. In the reproductive system, @entity3421 is exclusively expressed in Sertoli cells at specific seminiferous tubule stages. In addition, @entity15774 and @entity43289 are localized primary to ovarian and testicular somatic cells. The majority of cell transfection studies demonstrate that @entity3421 and @entity15774 can stimulate inhibin subunit gene promoter constructs. Other studies provide strong evidence that @entity15774 and @entity43289 can activate genes mediating gonadal cell steroidogenesis. @entity12627 and @entity9388 are found in pituitary and placental cells and can regulate alpha-glycoprotein subunit gene expression. Gonadal expression and activation of GATAs appear to be regulated in part by gonadotropin signaling via the @entity1919 -protein kinase A pathway. This review will cover the current knowledge regarding @entity10221 expression and function at all levels of the reproductive axis.

title: The role of @entity10221 in XXXX reproduction.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Three vesicular @entity2227 transporters (VGLUTs) have been recently identified and their distribution has been mapped in various brain areas. In the present study, we used morphological approaches to investigate their expression in the @entity35 lumbar spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Our results show a complementary distribution of VGLUT-expressing fibers in the spinal cord, with no overlapping in nerve endings. In the dorsal horn, @entity3862 is most abundant in mechanosensory/proprioceptive deep afferent fibers. @entity3863 and @entity50334 are expressed only at moderate levels in primary sensory afferent fibers and are not used by central projections of nociceptive neurons. @entity3862 and @entity3863 mRNAs are mainly segregated in superficial laminae but colocalized in deeper laminae. Weak expression of @entity50334 mRNA is only detected in deep laminae. The colocalization of @entity3862 and @entity3863 transcripts in most sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia is not in agreement with the clear segregation between the proteins in their spinal projections. Such a discrepancy suggests targeting mechanisms specific for each transporter and/or a distinct regulation of their translation. In the ventral horn, the expression of @entity3862 and @entity3863 mRNAs in motoneuron perikarya suggests the possible unexpected role of @entity2227 in the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. These results demonstrate the existence of different subpopulations of @entity2227 nerve terminals in the @entity35 lumbar spinal cord and suggest that functionally distinct subsets of excitatory glutamatergic neuronal networks are involved in sensory processing and motor control.

title: Expression of vesicular XXXX transporters in @entity35 lumbar spinal cord, with a note on dorsal root ganglia.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Three vesicular @entity2227 transporters (VGLUTs) have been recently identified and their distribution has been mapped in various brain areas. In the present study, we used morphological approaches to investigate their expression in the @entity35 lumbar spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Our results show a complementary distribution of VGLUT-expressing fibers in the spinal cord, with no overlapping in nerve endings. In the dorsal horn, @entity3862 is most abundant in mechanosensory/proprioceptive deep afferent fibers. @entity3863 and @entity50334 are expressed only at moderate levels in primary sensory afferent fibers and are not used by central projections of nociceptive neurons. @entity3862 and @entity3863 mRNAs are mainly segregated in superficial laminae but colocalized in deeper laminae. Weak expression of @entity50334 mRNA is only detected in deep laminae. The colocalization of @entity3862 and @entity3863 transcripts in most sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia is not in agreement with the clear segregation between the proteins in their spinal projections. Such a discrepancy suggests targeting mechanisms specific for each transporter and/or a distinct regulation of their translation. In the ventral horn, the expression of @entity3862 and @entity3863 mRNAs in motoneuron perikarya suggests the possible unexpected role of @entity2227 in the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. These results demonstrate the existence of different subpopulations of @entity2227 nerve terminals in the @entity35 lumbar spinal cord and suggest that functionally distinct subsets of excitatory glutamatergic neuronal networks are involved in sensory processing and motor control.

title: Expression of vesicular @entity2227 transporters in XXXX lumbar spinal cord, with a note on dorsal root ganglia.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']