abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the distribution and concentrations of @entity71872 in @entity1 coronal dentin. METHODS: The localization of five types of MMP was performed using immunohistochemistry. Molars were demineralized and sectioned into 5   m thick specimens. All specimens were randomly divided into five groups according to the antibodies. Each group contained two subgroups (n = 6). Immunoreactivity of each subgroup was visualized with @entity15989 solution or @entity2822 and observed under microscopy respectively. Molars were sectioned into slices. The slices were divided into two groups according to superficial or deep dentin and pulverized to fine powder. After dentin protein was extracted, the concentrations of @entity17944 , 8, 9 were detected by using fluorescent microsphere immunoassay. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining revealed that @entity28405 were highly concentrated in the deep dentin. However, intense immunoreactivities of @entity1476 , 8, 9 were identified in a 6-10   m wide zone adjacent to the dentino-enamel junction. The content of @entity3334 in superficial layer and deep layer of dentin were (0.037  0.025) and (0.433  0.089) ng/mg. The content of @entity1476 in superficial layer and deep layer of dentin were (0.445  0.115) and (2.730  0.712) ng/mg. The content of @entity1549 in superficial layer and deep layer of dentin were (0.071  0.069) and (0.460  0.108) ng/mg. The content of @entity5952 in superficial layer and deep layer of dentin were (0.586  0.246) and (6.159  0.948) ng/mg. The content of @entity1495 in superficial layer and deep layer of dentin were (0.384  0.185) and (1.460  0.251) ng/mg. The concentrations of all tested @entity12662 were significantly higher in deep dentin than those in superficial dentin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There are five types of MMP contained in @entity1 coronal dentin, and the distribution of MMP shows a decreasing trend from the deep dentin to the superficial dentin.

title: [Localization and quantitative detection of matrix metalloproteinase in XXXX coronal dentine].

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity15989 :: ('MESH:D015100', 'Chemical') :: ['3, 3-diaminobenzidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity6 is generally accompanied by abnormal levels of growth hormone and adrenal @entity230 , hormones known to modulate postpneumonectomy (post-PNX) compensatory lung growth. Thus, we examined the possibility that @entity6 may affect post-PNX lung growth processes. Left PNX was performed in young @entity6 @entity35 ( @entity3839 -induced; 75 mg/kg body weight) (DM-PNX) and in control @entity35 (C-PNX), for comparison with sham-operated control @entity35 (C-SHAM). The @entity35 were permitted free access to food and water. Examination at day 7 after surgery showed that right lung absolute dry weight and absolute DNA, collagen and @entity4116 contents were increased in C-PNX and DM-PNX @entity35 (but only C-PNX values reached those of both lungs in C-SHAM @entity35 ). Body weights (BW) of DM-PNX @entity35 were lower than those of C-PNX and C-SHAM @entity35 . Lung DNA/BW in C-PNX and DM-PNX @entity35 were comparable, and matched values for both lungs in C-SHAM @entity35 . Lung dry weight/BW, collagen/BW, and @entity4116 /BW in DM-PNX @entity35 exceeded values in C-PNX @entity35 and even more for values of both lungs in C-SHAM @entity35 . Data of another experiment, comparing DM-PNX @entity35 with body weight-matched (by food limitation) PNX and control @entity35 (WMC-PNX and WMC-SHAM @entity35 , respectively) indicated comparable lung absolute DNA contents in DM-PNX and WMC-PNX @entity35 (which matched values for both lungs in WMC-SHAM @entity35 ), however, lung absolute collagen and elastic contents were greater in the DM-PNX @entity35 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity3839 -induced XXXX on postpneumonectomy lung growth and connective tissue levels.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity6 is generally accompanied by abnormal levels of growth hormone and adrenal @entity230 , hormones known to modulate postpneumonectomy (post-PNX) compensatory lung growth. Thus, we examined the possibility that @entity6 may affect post-PNX lung growth processes. Left PNX was performed in young @entity6 @entity35 ( @entity3839 -induced; 75 mg/kg body weight) (DM-PNX) and in control @entity35 (C-PNX), for comparison with sham-operated control @entity35 (C-SHAM). The @entity35 were permitted free access to food and water. Examination at day 7 after surgery showed that right lung absolute dry weight and absolute DNA, collagen and @entity4116 contents were increased in C-PNX and DM-PNX @entity35 (but only C-PNX values reached those of both lungs in C-SHAM @entity35 ). Body weights (BW) of DM-PNX @entity35 were lower than those of C-PNX and C-SHAM @entity35 . Lung DNA/BW in C-PNX and DM-PNX @entity35 were comparable, and matched values for both lungs in C-SHAM @entity35 . Lung dry weight/BW, collagen/BW, and @entity4116 /BW in DM-PNX @entity35 exceeded values in C-PNX @entity35 and even more for values of both lungs in C-SHAM @entity35 . Data of another experiment, comparing DM-PNX @entity35 with body weight-matched (by food limitation) PNX and control @entity35 (WMC-PNX and WMC-SHAM @entity35 , respectively) indicated comparable lung absolute DNA contents in DM-PNX and WMC-PNX @entity35 (which matched values for both lungs in WMC-SHAM @entity35 ), however, lung absolute collagen and elastic contents were greater in the DM-PNX @entity35 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX -induced @entity6 on postpneumonectomy lung growth and connective tissue levels.

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and safety of designed early conversion from @entity9909 (CNI) to @entity3446 (SRL) as major immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant recipients with stable renal function. METHODS: A prospective, open-label and non-randomized control study was performed for 112 renal transplant recipients (3-6 months post-operation) with stable renal function between June 2008 and June 2011. The @entity1 in SRL group (n = 57) switched to @entity3446 while those in CNI group (n = 55) continued CNI. The dosing of @entity6051 mofetil and @entity230 had no change. They were followed up for at least 24 months to evaluate the acute rejection, @entity1 and graft survival, renal function, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood lipids, blood @entity413 , liver function and urinary protein at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months after inclusion. Adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS: The serum @entity1011 of SRL group decreased significantly after conversion ( (89.2    24.7), (87.6    23.8), (86.1    20.4), (86.7    19.7) vs (117.0    16.3)   mol/L, all P < 0.05). CNI group showed no improvement of renal function.SRL group had a significantly higher eGFR than CNI group (P < 0.05). Among 3 cases of acute rejection, there were 2 in SRL group and 1 in CNI group (P > 0.05). Blood lipids in SRL group increased significantly at 1 month after conversion (P < 0.05) and reverted back to average level after intervention (P > 0.05).SRL group had a drop of hemoglobin level within the normal range. Two @entity1 in SRL group developed @entity1371 and another 2 @entity1 had oral ulcer. They all improved after treatment. During follow-ups, 1 case of mild @entity644 was found in SIR group. Three @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity6 (1 in SRL group vs 2 in CNI group). CONCLUSIONS: Early conversion from CNI to SRL as major immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant recipients with stable renal function further improves renal function. There is no higher rate of acute rejection during follow-up.Elevated blood lipids after conversion may be easily controlled. No other adverse events are found.

title: [Early conversion from XXXX to sirolimusto after renal transplantation:a prospective, open-label and non-randomized control study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity9909 :: (23523,Gene) :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']


abstract: @entity4663 are excellent stabilizers of triplex DNA. Recent studies in our laboratory revealed a remarkable structural specificity of @entity4663 in the induction and stabilization of triplex DNA. @entity7225 ( @entity6136 ) showed optimum efficacy amongst a series of synthetic @entity7223 in stabilizing triplex DNA. To utilize the potential of this finding in developing an anti-gene strategy for @entity0 , we treated MCF-7 cells with a 37mer oligonucleotide to form triplex DNA in the up-stream regulatory region of the @entity517 oncogene in the presence of @entity6136 . As individual agents, the oligonucleotide and @entity6136 did not downregulate @entity517 mRNA in the presence of @entity53 . Complexation of the oligonucleotide with 2 mM @entity6136 reduced @entity517 mRNA signal by 65% at 10 microM oligonucleotide concentration. In contrast, a control oligonucleotide had no significant effect on @entity517 mRNA. The expression of @entity1639 oncogene was not significantly altered by the triplex forming oligonucleotide (TFO). @entity6136 was internalized within 1 h of treatment; however, it had no significant effect on the level of natural @entity4663 . These data indicate that selective utilization of synthetic @entity4663 and TFOs might be an important strategy to develop anti-gene-based therapeutic modalities for @entity0 .

title: Suppression of @entity517 oncogene expression by a polyamine-complexed triplex forming oligonucleotide in MCF-7 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity7225 :: ('MESH:C009475', 'Chemical') :: ['1,3-Diaminopropane']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyamines', 'polyamines']

entities_list: @entity7223 :: ('MESH:D003959', 'Chemical') :: ['diamines']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity4663 are excellent stabilizers of triplex DNA. Recent studies in our laboratory revealed a remarkable structural specificity of @entity4663 in the induction and stabilization of triplex DNA. @entity7225 ( @entity6136 ) showed optimum efficacy amongst a series of synthetic @entity7223 in stabilizing triplex DNA. To utilize the potential of this finding in developing an anti-gene strategy for @entity0 , we treated MCF-7 cells with a 37mer oligonucleotide to form triplex DNA in the up-stream regulatory region of the @entity517 oncogene in the presence of @entity6136 . As individual agents, the oligonucleotide and @entity6136 did not downregulate @entity517 mRNA in the presence of @entity53 . Complexation of the oligonucleotide with 2 mM @entity6136 reduced @entity517 mRNA signal by 65% at 10 microM oligonucleotide concentration. In contrast, a control oligonucleotide had no significant effect on @entity517 mRNA. The expression of @entity1639 oncogene was not significantly altered by the triplex forming oligonucleotide (TFO). @entity6136 was internalized within 1 h of treatment; however, it had no significant effect on the level of natural @entity4663 . These data indicate that selective utilization of synthetic @entity4663 and TFOs might be an important strategy to develop anti-gene-based therapeutic modalities for @entity0 .

title: Suppression of XXXX oncogene expression by a polyamine-complexed triplex forming oligonucleotide in MCF-7 @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-myc']


abstract: Background. @entity174 by @entity130 is one of the most common types of @entity8495 in the permanent dentition among @entity1 and teenagers. Aim. The aim of this study was to report the treatment performed to an atypical @entity130 in a maxillary central incisor of a young @entity1 by means of reattachment of the tooth fragment. Case Description. A 12-year-old male @entity1 suffered a vertical crown @entity174 to the maxillary right central incisor. After clinical and radiographic examinations, a conservative restorative treatment which consisted in the reattachment of the tooth fragment with flow resin was performed in order to preserve the dental element and to obtain maximum aesthetics. Conclusion. The reattachment of fractured fragment is a fast and easy technique that can be used successfully as an option to restore dental element which suffered @entity130 . Clinical Significance. This technique restores the aesthetics and function of the dental element with minimal discomfort to the @entity1 .

title: Fragment reattachment after atypical crown XXXX in maxillary central incisor.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['dental trauma case', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8495 :: ('MESH:D018677', 'Disease') :: ['dental injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'Fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Introduction. @entity4750 is a rare monosymptomatic hypochondriacal @entity716 according to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 (5th ed.; @entity4987 ; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It can be a primary disorder or associated with an underlying @entity74 . It commonly presents as @entity8143 , and less than 1% may be fungi related. We present this case as it is a rare presentation of a rare condition. Case Presentation. Our @entity1 is a 60-year-old Caucasian @entity1 who presented with a 7-year history of delusional infestation manifested as a disseminated @entity364 . He had previously been reviewed by multiple physicians for the same with no @entity262 diagnosed. After multiple reviews and thorough investigation we diagnosed him with a likely @entity4750 . As is common with this @entity1 cohort he refused @entity146 review or antipsychotic medication. Conclusion. A delusion of a disseminated @entity364 is a rare condition. It is exceedingly difficult to treat as these @entity1 often refuse to believe the investigation results and diagnosis. Furthermore, they either refuse or are noncompliant with treatment. Multidisciplinary outpatient evaluation may be the best way to allay @entity1 fears and improve treatment compliance.

title: XXXX of disseminated fungosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4750 :: ('MESH:D012563', 'Disease') :: ['delusional disorder', 'Delusional infestation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infestation', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological or physical disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['delusional parasitosis']

answer: @entity8143 :: (MESH:D063726,Disease) :: ['Delusions']


abstract: With present implantable defibrillators, the ability to vary the defibrillation technique has been shown to increase the number of @entity1 suitable for transvenous system. As newer waveforms become available, the need for a flexible device may change. In addition, although it has been shown that the option of biphasic waveform may increase the defibrillation efficacy, this may depend upon the shape of the biphasic waveform used. Thirty @entity1 undergoing transvenous defibrillator implant were included in the study. In 20 @entity1 (group I), defibrillation efficacy of simultaneous monophasic, sequential monophasic, and biphasic waveform with 50% tilt was determined randomly. Similarly, in ten @entity1 (group II) testing of simultaneous monophasic shocks and biphasic waveforms with 65% and 80% tilt was performed in random order. The electrode system used consisted of two transvenous leads and a subcutaneous patch in all 30 @entity1 . In group I, 50% tilt biphasic waveform consistently provided similar or better defibrillation efficacy compared to monophasic waveforms (biphasic 7.5 +/- 5.1 joules vs simultaneous 17 +/- 7.8 joules, P < 0.01; and vs sequential 17 +/- 8.4 joules, P < 0.01). In group II, 65% tilt biphasic pulse required less energy for defibrillation as compared with simultaneous monophasic shocks (9.6 +/- 4.5 joules vs 15.6 +/- 5.1 joules, P = 0.04). No significant difference was observed in terms of defibrillation threshold between 80% tilt @entity1457 and simultaneous monophasic pulses (11.8 +/- 6 joules vs 15.6 +/- 5.1 joules, P = NS). @entity1457 with smaller tilt delivered using a triple lead system more uniformly improved defibrillation threshold over standard monophasic waveforms.

title: Comparison of biphasic and monophasic pulses: does the advantage of XXXX depend on the waveshape?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['biphasic shocks', 'Biphasic shocks']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['biphasic shocks']


abstract: The past 40   years have seen significant improvements in both event-free and overall survival for @entity1 with acute lymphoblastic and @entity3052 ( @entity981 and @entity3052 , respectively). Serial national and international clinical trials have optimized the use of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs and, along with improvements in supportive care that have enabled the delivery of more intensive regimens, have been responsible for the major improvements in @entity1 outcome seen over the past few decades. However, the benefits of dose intensification have likely now been maximized, and over the same period, the identification of new cytotoxic drugs has been limited. Therefore, challenges remain if survival is to be improved further. In @entity981 , 5-year-survival rates of over 85% have been achieved with risk-stratified therapy, but a notable minority of @entity1 will still not be cured. In @entity3052 , different challenges remain. A slower improvement in overall survival has taken place in this @entity1 population. Despite the obvious morphological heterogeneity of @entity3052 blasts, biological stratification is comparatively limited, and translation into risk-stratified therapeutic approaches has only best characterized by the use of @entity1968 for t(15;17)-positive @entity3052 . Even where prognostic markers have been identified, limited therapeutic options or multi-drug resistance of @entity3052 blasts has limited the impact on @entity1 benefit. For both, the acute morbidities of current treatment remain significant and may be life-threatening alone. In addition, the @entity5 Survivor Study (CCSS) highlighted many @entity1778 survivors develop one or more chronic medical conditions attributable to treatment (1, 2). As the biology of leukemogenesis has become better understood, key molecules and intracellular pathways have been identified that offer the possibility of targeting directly the @entity1778 cells while sparing normal cells. Consequently, there is now a drive to develop novel @entity1778 -specific or "targeted" therapies. These new classes of drugs will have mechanisms of action, @entity137 , and therapeutic indices quite different from conventional cytotoxic drugs previously encountered, thus rendering current clinical trial methodologies inappropriate. Clinical trial methods will need to be adapted to accommodate these features of these new classes of drugs. This review will address the challenges and some of the techniques for developing clinical trials for targeted therapies.

title: Challenges of clinical trial design for targeted agents against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric ALL', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML', 'pediatric AML']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['pediatric leukemias']


abstract: This investigation aims to analyze the profile of long-term evolution of @entity4789 in @entity1 and adolescents and outcomes after the control of recurrences. The cohort involved 702 @entity1 followed from 1.3 to 16.9   years covering the two periods, before and after the implementation of a prevention program. Besides the establishment of the Reference Center in the State of Minas Gerais and the implementation of strategies to promote the compliance to prophylaxis, a project for education of health professionals was carried out in 23 cities. In addition to the clinical and epidemiological profile, the severity of the disease was analyzed. Mixed lesions were found in 27.1%, @entity338 in 72.9%, and complete regression of the @entity75 was seen in 34.4% of the @entity1 , mostly presenting @entity409 . The recurrence rate per @entity1 -year was 0.058 and out of a total of 85 recurrences, 21.4% occurred in the first and 7.5% in the second period. More severe degrees of @entity2401 and significant valvar sequels presented a higher prevalence in @entity1 with recurrences. The comparative analysis between the two periods showed no changes regarding the age at the primary attack, gender, type, and site of @entity75 and affected joints; however, important modifications in the indices of severity were observed after the control of recurrences. A significant decrease in the prevalence of severe @entity2401 , obstructive valvar sequels, hospital admissions, surgical approach, and @entity204 was seen. This investigation showed that although the clinical profile of presentation remains unchanged, the control of repeated attacks can improve the morbimortality rates. In this context, the secondary prophylaxis should be the first priority in the control of the disease in developing countries, taking into account the difficulties found for effective primordial and primary prevention.

title: XXXX prevention program: long-term evolution and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['valvar lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['mild dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['valvar regurgitation']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['Rheumatic Fever']


abstract: Because of a family history of @entity0 , a 51-year-old @entity1 underwent bilateral subcutaneous mammectomy in 1988. In February 1994 she presented with a nodule in the supramedial quadrant on the left. Needle biopsy suggested @entity420 which was confirmed histologically. A 1.5 cm @entity5 was removed together with a 3 cm reliquat of glandular tissue. Twelve axillary nodes were dissected and were found to be free of @entity5 . Hormone receptors were positive. Post-operative radiotherapy was performed. The outcome is unchanged at 6 months. Bilateral subcutaneous mammectomy can be proposed as a preventive measure in @entity1 at risk, but as demonstrated by this case, exeresis is usually incomplete. The level of protection actually achieved is thus questionable. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of @entity0 developing after such elective operations since early screening programmes and the development of genetic methods based on the search for @entity5345 and @entity2674 genes will undoubtedly increase the number of @entity1 requesting preventive measures.

title: [ XXXX after preventive subcutaneous mastectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic infiltration', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['galactophoric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: @entity8184 hominis cysts were concentrated from @entity1 faeces by repeated washing in distilled water and centrifugation on Ficoll-Paque. This procedure gave a concentrated suspension of cysts without yielding any non-cystic forms. The cysts were examined by both transmission (TEM) and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Cysts were surrounded by a fibrillar layer that appeared porous in @entity4653 . Many @entity45 without the fibrillar layer were also visible in @entity4653 . They were variable in shape but mostly circular to oval. The diameter of the cyst without the fibrillar layer was 3.5 microns in both TEM and @entity4653 . The nuclear structure was typical of @entity8184 and exhibited multiple mitochondria with poorly developed cristae. Glycogen was present in small to large clumps in the cytoplasm. The cyst wall was 5-100 nm thick and was bounded internally by an electron-dense plasmalemma.

title: Ultrastructure of XXXX hominis cysts.

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['naked cysts']

entities_list: @entity8184 :: ('MESH:D016776', 'Disease') :: ['Blastocystis']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity8184 :: (MESH:D016776,Disease) :: ['Blastocystis']


abstract: AIM: A ligation-assisted endoscopic enucleation (EE-L) technique was developed and was evaluated to determine its efficacy and safety for treating muscularis propria-originating @entity14 (<10 mm). METHOD: EE-L was used to treat 13 such @entity1 between January 2011 and January 2014. The @entity5 was sucked into a transparent cap and ligated at its base by a @entity2144 attached to the tip of the endoscope. With the creation of a pseudo-stalk, the @entity5 was then enucleated using endoscopic dissection and the .wound was closed with clips. RESULTS: All @entity5 (median diameter,6.8 (4-10) mm were successfully (procedure time 19 (11-27) minutes) and histopathological examination identified 11 (84.6%) to be @entity2909 and 2 (15.4%) low risk @entity5 ( @entity5 ). No perforations or massive @entity548 occurred and there were no recurrences during a follow-up of 3-39 months. CONCLUSIONS: EE-L is a successful technique for the removal of small muscularis propria @entity14 with few complications and enables the histopathological diagnosis. In this study, all the resected lesions had a benign pathology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Ligation-assisted endoscopic enucleation for the treatment of XXXX originating in the muscularis propria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumours', 'tumours', 'GIST', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['rubber band ligature']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal submucosal tumours', 'colorectal tumours']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal submucosal tumours']


abstract: Plant lipoxygenases are thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of lipid-derived signaling molecules. The potential involvement of a specific @entity958 @entity71873 isozyme, @entity33951 , in the biosynthesis of the plant growth regulators @entity7214 (JA) and @entity2271 was investigated. Our characterization of @entity33951 indicates that the protein is targeted to chloroplasts. The physiological role of this chloroplast @entity71873 was analyzed in transgenic plants where cosuppression reduced @entity33951 accumulation. The reduction in @entity33951 levels caused no obvious changes in plant growth or in the accumulation of @entity2271 . However, the wound-induced accumulation of JA observed in control plants was absent in leaves of transgenic plants that lacked @entity33951 . Thus, @entity33951 is required for the wound-induced synthesis of the plant growth regulator JA in leaves. We also examined the expression of a wound- and JA-inducible @entity958 gene, vsp, in transgenic and control plants. Leaves of transgenic plants lacking @entity33951 accumulated less vsp mRNA than did control leaves in response to wounding. This result suggests that wound-induced JA (or some other @entity33951 -requiring component of the wound response pathway) is involved in the wound-induced regulation of this gene.

title: A chloroplast @entity71873 is required for wound-induced XXXX accumulation in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity7214 :: (MESH:C011006,Chemical) :: ['jasmonic acid']


abstract: Plant lipoxygenases are thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of lipid-derived signaling molecules. The potential involvement of a specific @entity958 @entity71873 isozyme, @entity33951 , in the biosynthesis of the plant growth regulators @entity7214 (JA) and @entity2271 was investigated. Our characterization of @entity33951 indicates that the protein is targeted to chloroplasts. The physiological role of this chloroplast @entity71873 was analyzed in transgenic plants where cosuppression reduced @entity33951 accumulation. The reduction in @entity33951 levels caused no obvious changes in plant growth or in the accumulation of @entity2271 . However, the wound-induced accumulation of JA observed in control plants was absent in leaves of transgenic plants that lacked @entity33951 . Thus, @entity33951 is required for the wound-induced synthesis of the plant growth regulator JA in leaves. We also examined the expression of a wound- and JA-inducible @entity958 gene, vsp, in transgenic and control plants. Leaves of transgenic plants lacking @entity33951 accumulated less vsp mRNA than did control leaves in response to wounding. This result suggests that wound-induced JA (or some other @entity33951 -requiring component of the wound response pathway) is involved in the wound-induced regulation of this gene.

title: A chloroplast XXXX is required for wound-induced @entity7214 accumulation in @entity958 .

answer: @entity71873 :: (841944(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['lipoxygenase']


abstract: Plant lipoxygenases are thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of lipid-derived signaling molecules. The potential involvement of a specific @entity958 @entity71873 isozyme, @entity33951 , in the biosynthesis of the plant growth regulators @entity7214 (JA) and @entity2271 was investigated. Our characterization of @entity33951 indicates that the protein is targeted to chloroplasts. The physiological role of this chloroplast @entity71873 was analyzed in transgenic plants where cosuppression reduced @entity33951 accumulation. The reduction in @entity33951 levels caused no obvious changes in plant growth or in the accumulation of @entity2271 . However, the wound-induced accumulation of JA observed in control plants was absent in leaves of transgenic plants that lacked @entity33951 . Thus, @entity33951 is required for the wound-induced synthesis of the plant growth regulator JA in leaves. We also examined the expression of a wound- and JA-inducible @entity958 gene, vsp, in transgenic and control plants. Leaves of transgenic plants lacking @entity33951 accumulated less vsp mRNA than did control leaves in response to wounding. This result suggests that wound-induced JA (or some other @entity33951 -requiring component of the wound response pathway) is involved in the wound-induced regulation of this gene.

title: A chloroplast @entity71873 is required for wound-induced @entity7214 accumulation in XXXX .

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although extensive research has been conducted on @entity2 markers, a singular clinically applicable marker has not been found yet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of @entity787 ( @entity787 ) mRNA and @entity41710 ( @entity41710 ) mRNA biomarkers in peripheral blood to detect @entity2 individually and simultaneously. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 affected by @entity2 and 30 healthy individuals were studied in this research. Three vials of cDNA were made from each sample after taking peripheral blood samples and extracting total RNA. Each sample was examined by the real-time RT-PCR technique. The result from each vial was then compared with the sensitivity of overall marker. RESULTS: The @entity787 mRNA was positive in 24 out of 30 @entity2 @entity1 . Hence, its sensitivity was determined at 80%, differing significantly from that observed in healthy individuals, where 11 positive cases were seen. The overall sensitivity of this marker was significantly associated with positivity in vials 2 and 3 but not in vial 1. The @entity41710 mRNA was positive in 21 out of 30 @entity1 , indicating 70% sensitivity. This finding significantly differed from that in healthy individuals. The overall sensitivity of this marker was significantly associated with positivity in vials 1 and 3, but not in vial 2. In 93.3% of the @entity1 , at least one positive marker was observed. CONCLUSION: The mentioned mRNA could be suggested as sensitive and specific markers in peripheral blood for primary diagnosis of @entity2 .

title: Expression of two basic mRNA biomarkers in peripheral blood of XXXX with non-small cell lung cancer detected by real-time rt-PCR, individually and simultaneously.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity41710 :: ('51297', 'Gene') :: ['lung-specific X protein', 'LUNX']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 75  % of @entity1 with @entity4797 present with stage I disease, and the probability of long-term survival approaches 100  %. However, the standard adjuvant treatment for @entity5 @entity1 remains controversial, and there is no uniform consensus in the literature. The present study was performed to evaluate treatment preference and outcomes for @entity1 with @entity1062 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1997 to 2013, 282 @entity1 with histologically confirmed stage IA and IB @entity4797 who underwent orchiectomy were included. The outcomes of three management options and survivals were retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic significance of risk factors for relapse on survival was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis; in addition, the factors predicting relapse were also evaluated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 282 @entity1 with @entity5 , 130 (46.1) received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), 80 (28.4  %) were treated with adjuvant @entity3003 , while the remaining 72 @entity1 (25.5  %) underwent surveillance. At the time of analysis, the median follow-up period of 38.5  months; relapses were observed in 16 @entity1 (22.3  %) on surveillance, in one @entity1 (1.2  %) treated with adjuvant @entity3003 and in ten @entity1 (%7.7) who received adjuvant RT. The 5-year @entity66 ( @entity66 ) rate for @entity1 who underwent surveillance was worse than those of @entity1 treated with adjuvant @entity3003 and RT (64.2 vs. 97.7 vs. 91.9  %, respectively; p  <  0.001). However, the 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rate for @entity1 on surveillance was similar compared with the adjuvant treatment groups (100 vs. 92.3 vs. 97.4  %, respectively; p  =  0.44). Univariate analysis showed that only the treatment approach (surveillance vs. adjuvant @entity3003 vs. adjuvant RT) for @entity66 (p  <  0.001), invasion of the rete testis (p  =  0.041) and the presence of relapse (p  <  0.001) for @entity1349 were important prognostic indicators. Multivariate analysis indicated that the treatment strategy for @entity66 (p  <  0.001, HR 0.34) was an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis showed that adjuvant treatment was found to be an independent factor for predicting relapse (p  =  0.004, odds ratio: 0.39). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that adjuvant treatment with @entity3003 or RT is associated with improved @entity66 compared with surveillance for @entity1 with @entity1062 after orchiectomy. Moreover, the treatment strategy is an important prognostic indicator for @entity66 and a predictive factor for relapse. Although adjuvant treatment, especially @entity3003 , seems to be a suitable treatment for @entity1 with risk factors for relapse, surveillance is still feasible and the preferred management option after radical orchiectomy in @entity1 with @entity5 . More reliable predictive factors are needed to make treatment decisions.

title: Treatment preferences in stage IA and IB XXXX : multicenter study of Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I seminoma']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['stage I testicular seminoma']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['testicular seminoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['testicular seminoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is a need to determine which response measures in @entity1988 trials are most predictive of good long-term renal function. We used data from the @entity7634 - @entity1988 Trial to evaluate the performance of @entity644 , serum @entity1011 ( @entity8818 ), and urinary red blood cells (RBCs) as predictors of good long-term renal outcome. METHODS: @entity1 from the @entity7634 - @entity1988 Trial with @entity644 , serum @entity8818 , and urinary RBC measurements at 3, 6, or 12 months and with a minimum of 7 years of followup were included (n   =   76). We assessed the ability of these clinical biomarkers at 3, 6, and 12 months after randomization to predict good long-term renal outcome (defined as a serum @entity8818 value  <=1.0 mg/dl) at 7 years. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess parameter performance at these time points and to select the best cutoff for individual parameters. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the parameters alone and in combination. RESULTS: A @entity644 value of <0.8 gm/day at 12 months after randomization was the single best predictor of good long-term renal function (sensitivity 81% and specificity 78%). The addition of serum @entity8818 to @entity644 as a composite predictor did not improve the performance of the outcome measure; addition of urinary RBCs as a predictor significantly decreased the sensitivity to 47%. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the level of @entity644 at 12 months is the individual best predictor of long-term renal outcome in @entity1 with @entity1988 . Inclusion of urinary RBCs as part of a composite outcome measure actually undermined the predictive value of the trial data. We therefore suggest that urinary RBCs should not be included as a component of clinical trial response criteria in @entity1988 .

title: Predictors of long-term renal outcome in @entity1988 trials: lessons learned from the XXXX - @entity1988 cohort.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus Nephritis', 'lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity7634 :: (9319,Species) :: ['Euro']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is a need to determine which response measures in @entity1988 trials are most predictive of good long-term renal function. We used data from the @entity7634 - @entity1988 Trial to evaluate the performance of @entity644 , serum @entity1011 ( @entity8818 ), and urinary red blood cells (RBCs) as predictors of good long-term renal outcome. METHODS: @entity1 from the @entity7634 - @entity1988 Trial with @entity644 , serum @entity8818 , and urinary RBC measurements at 3, 6, or 12 months and with a minimum of 7 years of followup were included (n   =   76). We assessed the ability of these clinical biomarkers at 3, 6, and 12 months after randomization to predict good long-term renal outcome (defined as a serum @entity8818 value  <=1.0 mg/dl) at 7 years. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess parameter performance at these time points and to select the best cutoff for individual parameters. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the parameters alone and in combination. RESULTS: A @entity644 value of <0.8 gm/day at 12 months after randomization was the single best predictor of good long-term renal function (sensitivity 81% and specificity 78%). The addition of serum @entity8818 to @entity644 as a composite predictor did not improve the performance of the outcome measure; addition of urinary RBCs as a predictor significantly decreased the sensitivity to 47%. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the level of @entity644 at 12 months is the individual best predictor of long-term renal outcome in @entity1 with @entity1988 . Inclusion of urinary RBCs as part of a composite outcome measure actually undermined the predictive value of the trial data. We therefore suggest that urinary RBCs should not be included as a component of clinical trial response criteria in @entity1988 .

title: Predictors of long-term renal outcome in XXXX trials: lessons learned from the @entity7634 - @entity1988 cohort.

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is a need to determine which response measures in @entity1988 trials are most predictive of good long-term renal function. We used data from the @entity7634 - @entity1988 Trial to evaluate the performance of @entity644 , serum @entity1011 ( @entity8818 ), and urinary red blood cells (RBCs) as predictors of good long-term renal outcome. METHODS: @entity1 from the @entity7634 - @entity1988 Trial with @entity644 , serum @entity8818 , and urinary RBC measurements at 3, 6, or 12 months and with a minimum of 7 years of followup were included (n   =   76). We assessed the ability of these clinical biomarkers at 3, 6, and 12 months after randomization to predict good long-term renal outcome (defined as a serum @entity8818 value  <=1.0 mg/dl) at 7 years. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess parameter performance at these time points and to select the best cutoff for individual parameters. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the parameters alone and in combination. RESULTS: A @entity644 value of <0.8 gm/day at 12 months after randomization was the single best predictor of good long-term renal function (sensitivity 81% and specificity 78%). The addition of serum @entity8818 to @entity644 as a composite predictor did not improve the performance of the outcome measure; addition of urinary RBCs as a predictor significantly decreased the sensitivity to 47%. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the level of @entity644 at 12 months is the individual best predictor of long-term renal outcome in @entity1 with @entity1988 . Inclusion of urinary RBCs as part of a composite outcome measure actually undermined the predictive value of the trial data. We therefore suggest that urinary RBCs should not be included as a component of clinical trial response criteria in @entity1988 .

title: Predictors of long-term renal outcome in @entity1988 trials: lessons learned from the @entity7634 - XXXX cohort.

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['Lupus Nephritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyse the problems in self-maintaining activities among @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) @entity1 aged 64 years and over. DESIGN: A case-control study. SETTING: Health Centre in Lieto, Finland, 1990-91. SUBJECTS: 61 @entity1 and 21 @entity1 with @entity1030 and 183 male and 63 female sex- and age-matched controls. The @entity1030 group included 8 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 who also had @entity565 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers of subjects with difficulties or @entity734 in self-maintaining activities. RESULTS: The number of subjects with difficulty or @entity734 in the activities of daily living (ADL) was similar among the @entity1 and the controls, but some differences between the two groups were seen on items of mobility and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The @entity1030 @entity1 had more difficulties or showed @entity734 in moving outdoors or walking at least 400 m. In addition, the male @entity1030 @entity1 reported more difficulty or @entity734 in doing heavy housework and the female @entity1 in even doing light housework than the controls. CONCLUSION: The study indicated that the female @entity1030 @entity1 in particular have a great need for assistance in self-maintaining functions. This information is valuable for local primary health care planning.

title: XXXX and self-maintaining functions in the elderly--a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: Adult @entity722 (AGCT) is an uncommon @entity5 of the ovary with potential for @entity146 and late recurrence. The most important prognostic factor for AGCT is @entity5 stage. Thus, cytological assessment of pleural or @entity843 fluids is crucial for initial @entity5 and subsequent @entity1 management. We report herein two cases of ovarian AGCT presenting with exfoliated @entity5 cells in pleural and @entity843 fluid. The first case involved a 61-year-old @entity1 who presented with stage Ic (a) AGCT. Seven years after initial diagnosis, @entity1143 and @entity1143 were identified. The second case involved a 50-year-old @entity1 who presented with stage IV AGCT with massive @entity843 and right @entity1143 . Fluid cytology from both cases showed cohesive or loose clusters of small uniform neoplastic cells with round-to-oval nuclei, coffee-bean-shaped nuclear grooves, small nucleoli, and scant cytoplasm. Call-Exner bodies were also observed in these cytologic specimens. In the differential diagnosis of small monomorphic @entity5 cells in @entity1143 or @entity843 , coffee-bean-shaped nuclear grooves and cell clusters forming Call-Exner bodies are diagnostic clues of AGCT.

title: Cytologic features of ovarian granulosa cell tumors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural dissemination']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'staging', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['granulosa cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['ascites', 'ascitic']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['pleural and ascitic fluids']


abstract: From 1981 to 1984, a randomized study was done by the EORTC Radiotherapy Group comparing a fractionation schedule with three fractions per day (multiple fractions per day, MFD), with or without @entity8712 , to conventional fractionation. The aim of the study was to obtain improved local and regional control and survival by shortening of the treatment time in the first 2 weeks of irradiation. Three fractions of 1.6 Gy/day (4-h interval) were given during 10 irradiation days to a total of 48 Gy. After 3-4-weeks interval, a boost was given to 67.2 or 72 Gy also in three fractions per day. This schedule was compared to an identical arm with @entity8712 1 g/m2/day and a third arm with conventional fractionation (70 Gy in 35 fractions, 7 weeks or 75 Gy in 44 fractions, 9 weeks). A total number of 523 @entity1 was included in the study. Acute @entity33 was much heavier in @entity1 treated with three fractions per day (Van den Bogaert et al. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 8: 1649-1655, 1982). Early results, communicated in 1986 (Van den Bogaert et al. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 12: 587-591, 1986) showed no differences in treatment outcome between the three treatment arms. Long-term results and data on late effects are now available. Survival at 5 years was 18% (SE 1.9%) and locoregional control was 27% (SE 2.9%). No statistically significant differences could be observed between the three treatment arms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The EORTC randomized trial on three fractions per day and XXXX (trial no. 22811) in advanced head and neck cancer: long-term results and side effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity8712 :: ('MESH:D008920', 'Chemical') :: ['misonidazole']

answer: @entity8712 :: (MESH:D008920,Chemical) :: ['misonidazole']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Fibro- @entity1141 ossificans progressive is a rare @entity74 , presumably transmitted as an autosomal dominant defect. The high level of spontaneous mutations explains the sporadic cases. Pre symptomatic diagnosis could be actually evoked by the association of progressive ossification of soft tissues with @entity154 of bones (metacarpal and metatarsal). The purpose of this study is to report a clinical case with a very severe course. CASE REPORT: A 10-year-old @entity1 developed progressive ossification of muscles and soft tissues in multiple sites neck, back, shoulders, elbows, hips and knees. The clinical course was severe due to the @entity8482 and the decrease of pulmonary reserve with fixation of the chest wall. A @entity2611 facilitated the diagnosis. DISCUSSION: This pattern of @entity2736 together with the @entity2611 defines the developmental phenotype for @entity5323 ossificans. A slow course with successive thrusts occurs. Ossification progressively involves tendons, ligaments and the connective tissue of skeletal muscles. Excision of heterotopic bone is futile as the trauma of the operation can lead to the stimulation of new @entity2736 at the operative site. Surgery is only useful for biopsy and histological study reveals @entity79 . The mature heterotopic bone is histologically indistinguishable from mature skeletal bone. The non skeletic muscles are characteristically spared from ossification. @entity204 often results from @entity1576 due to fixation of the thoracic cage. The pathogenesis and the treatment of the disorder are unknown.

title: [ XXXX ossificans progressiva. Apropos of a case].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis of all the joints']

entities_list: @entity2611 :: ('MESH:D005532', 'Disease') :: ['malformation of the great toes', 'congenital malformations of the great toes']

entities_list: @entity5323 :: ('MESH:D009221', 'Disease') :: ['fibrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Premature death']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5323 :: (MESH:D009221,Disease) :: ['Fibrodysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A palette of copy number changes in a case of adult pilocytic @entity816 analyzed by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) is presented. @entity816 are specific @entity11 that are benign and biologically distinct and the molecular mechanisms responsible for their development remain unexplained. The aCGH was performed using SurePrint G3 @entity1 CGH microarrays 4   *   180  K (Agilent Technologies). To ascertain whether some of the aberrations were of constitutive nature, we also analyzed the blood sample from the same @entity1 . RESULTS: The result of aCGH analysis demonstrated differences in the @entity5 tissue when compared to normal control on the array and also to autologous DNA from @entity1 's blood. The total number of aberrations found in our case was 41 including 37 deletions and 4 amplifications. Whole chromosomal gains and losses were not observed. Collectively, our results showed three deletions and one amplification at 1p, two deletions at 2q, two deletions at 4q, two deletion at 5q, two deletions at 7p and two deletions at 7q; there were also three deletions at 8q, one deletion at 9p, one deletion at 10p, three deletions and one amplification at 10q. Chromosome 11 showed two deletions at 11p, while there was one deletion at 12p and one at 12q. Four deletions at 14q; two deletions at 15q, one amplification at 17q and one deletion at 17q; one deletion at 18p, two deletions at 22q and finally one deletion at Xp and one deletion and one amplification at Xq. Among the signaling pathways, olfactory transduction, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis and @entity876 signaling pathway showed significant enrichment ascertained by gene ontology (GO) analysis using the DAVID software. CONCLUSIONS: Our aCGH analysis is bringing subtle genomic alterations thus broadening genetic spectrum of adult pilocytic @entity816 in order to offer new molecular biomarkers that will help in diagnostics and therapeutic decision-making.

title: Genetic changes observed in a case of adult pilocytic XXXX revealed by array CGH analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['Pilocytic astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Gout is an increasingly common medical problem. The traditional risk factors of male sex and high red meat or @entity167 consumption have been joined with newer risks such as increased life expectancy, and the @entity209 ( @entity101 , @entity6 , dyslipidaemia, @entity28 ). METHODS: This was a retrospective study to determine the epidemiology, clinical features, associated conditions as well as renal related conditions in existing @entity210 @entity1 followed-up in Rheumatology outpatient clinic, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Seremban. RESULTS: Over a three month period, we identified 54 gouty @entity1 on our follow-up, the majority being male, Malay ethnicity, with the age of onset in the third and fourth decades of life. Commonly associated risk factors were @entity101 , hyperlipidaemia and @entity28 . However, underlying history of @entity6 , @entity167 consumption, and family history were not commonly associated with @entity210 in our group of @entity1 . Half of our @entity1 had at least two or more joints involvement. About half of the @entity1 with @entity210 had @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Our series of @entity210 @entity1 highlight the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The high prevalence of tophi and @entity8 is a cause for concern.

title: Clinical characteristics of XXXX : a hospital case series.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['truncal obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['gout', 'tophaceous gout']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: This is the history of discoveries of several enzyme @entity5 markers in the awardees laboratory. The first, beta-glucuronidase, was originally related to the physiological actions of @entity172 and @entity3800 . Perfection of histochemical techniques based on new substrates demonstrated the dual localization of beta-glucuronidase in endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Tumor tissues, in general, are enriched with beta-glucuronidase. Next, acid phosphatase of the prostate gland possesses the distinctive property of undergoing inhibition by @entity15766 . This organ-specific inhibitor was incorporated into the Fishman-Lerner method for measuring serum acid phosphatase of prostatic origin. This significantly increased the specificity of the measurement of serum acid phosphatase for @entity263 . Finally, the discovery of the Regan Isoenzyme, @entity623 ( @entity623 ) in a @entity1 with disseminated @entity2 provided a @entity5 marker useful in the management of @entity5 , in particular. Closely related to @entity623 is germ cell alkaline phosphatase which is eutopically expressed in @entity4797 . Finally, radioimmunolocalization and radioimmunotherapy of @entity623 in these @entity5 have been achieved by others.

title: The 1993 ISOBM Abbott Award Lecture. Isozymes, XXXX markers and oncodevelopmental biology.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'gonadal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['PLAP', 'placental alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity15766 :: ('CHEBI:30924', 'Chemical') :: ['L-tartrate']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Failure of teeth to erupt from gingival tissues at usual developmental time is called delayed @entity203 (DTE). @entity203 lead to prolonged fixed orthodontic treatment and its eventual complications. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of laser-assisted (808 nm) surgical uncovering, on the tooth emergence and orthodontic treatment of DTE. METHODS: A total of 16 orthodontic @entity1 were included in this study and were equally assigned to an experimental and a control group. Subjects for experiment consisted of eight @entity1 (6 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 14  0.9 years. All @entity1 exhibited delayed second @entity203 . The laser wavelength was 810 nm and it was set in a continuous wave mode at a power output of 1.6 watt with a 0.3-mm diameter fiber tip. When the target tissue was sufficiently anesthetized, the tip was directed at an angle of 10 to 20 degrees to the tissue (light contact mode); and was applied continuously for approximately 12 Seconds until an acceptable tooth exposure area was visible. The @entity2652 of the clinical crown ( @entity7366 ) line represents the most prominent portion of the @entity3948 . All orthodontic brackets are aligned along this reference and are located on @entity2652 ( @entity2652 ) point. The standard for adequate @entity203 was the accessibility of @entity2652 of the clinical crown ( @entity7366 ) for bonding the brackets. Data gathered from the @entity1 were statistically surveyed and compared by means of Tukey's Test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: All @entity1 showed good gingival status, no significant @entity548 during or immediately after the surgery, and acceptable level of healing after laser surgery. The biologic width of the teeth was preserved and no violation of this important periodontal parameter was observed. The average time for accessing the @entity2652 point in experimental group was 11  1.1 weeks and the mentioned period was increased to 25  1.8 weeks in control group. The data analysis showed that in @entity1 with DTE, laser intervention significantly accelerated @entity203 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Laser-assisted surgical removal of the fibrous tissue over erupting premolars (DTE) with appropriate irradiation parameters appears to be a promising adjunct to orthodontic treatment for bringing the premolar to the aligned and leveled dental arch.

title: The 808 nm Laser-Assisted Surgery as an Adjunct to Orthodontic Treatment of Delayed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial axis', 'Facial Axis', 'FA']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['premolar eruption', 'Delayed tooth eruption', 'tooth eruption']

entities_list: @entity3948 :: ('MESH:C538521', 'Disease') :: ['facial central lobe for premolars']

answer: @entity203 :: (MESH:D003875,Disease) :: ['Tooth Eruption']


abstract: @entity599 metabolism is one of the oldest known environmental processes. The operon involved in this process is called the dsr operon. The vital role of the operon is to maintain the environmental @entity599 balance. The dsr operon of proteobacteria consists of 15 genes, viz. dsrABEFHCMKLJOPNRS. The proteins encoded by the dsr operon are essential for the transfer of @entity599 globules from periplasm to cytosol and oxidation of the stored @entity599 . In the present study we tried to analyze the probable molecular details of the DsrM proteins from a diverse set of microbial species using their sequence information. There are certain mutations in the sequences of the DsrM proteins from the different proteobacterial species. The effects of mutations in the sequences of DsrM proteins were predicted from the evolutionary point of view. This is so far the first report of its kind. Our study would therefore enable the researches to predict the hitherto unknown biochemistry of @entity599 oxidation using the @entity535 sequences of the DsrM proteins.

title: Mutation study of DsrM from Allochromatium vinosum using the XXXX sequences.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity599 :: ('MESH:D013455', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur', 'Sulfur']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Four constructs are encompassed by the term "falls-related psychological concerns" (FrPC); "fear of falling" ( @entity998 ), "falls-related self-efficacy" ( @entity998 ), "balance confidence" (BC) and "outcome expectancy" (OE). FrPC are associated with negative consequences including physical, psychological, and social. Identifying factors associated with FrPC could inform interventions to reduce these concerns. METHODS: Sixty-two empirical papers relating to psychological factors associated with FrPC in community-dwelling older @entity1 (CDOP) were reviewed. Four levels of evidence were used when evaluating the literature: good, moderate, tentative, and none. RESULTS: Evidence that @entity148 predicted @entity998 , BC, and OE was tentative. Moderate evidence was found for @entity148 predicting @entity998 . Good evidence was found for @entity308 predicting @entity998 . Moderate evidence was found for @entity308 predicting both @entity998 and BC. No evidence was found for @entity308 predicting OE. Tentative evidence was found for @entity998 predicting @entity308 . Good and moderate evidence was found for quality of life (QoL) being predicted by @entity998 and BC respectively. Tentative evidence was found for @entity998 predicting QoL. Moderate evidence was found for QoL predicting both @entity998 and BC. No evidence was found for QoL predicting @entity998 . Good and moderate evidence was found for activity avoidance/restriction (AA/AR) being predicted by @entity998 and @entity998 respectively. Tentative evidence was found for BC and OE predicting AA/AR, as well as for AA/AR predicting @entity998 . Moderate evidence for @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) predicting @entity998 was identified, however the evidence of this predicting @entity998 and BC was tentative. Evidence for @entity998 , @entity998 , and BC predicting @entity3457 was tentative as was evidence to suggest @entity998 predicted coping. CONCLUSIONS: Mixed evidence has been found for the association of psychological factors in association with FrPCs. Future research should employ theoretically grounded concepts, use multivariate analysis and longitudinal designs.

title: A theoretical and empirical review of psychological factors associated with falls-related psychological concerns in community-dwelling older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'activity level']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Scaffold-based @entity5 engineering is rapidly evolving the study of @entity5 progression. However, the effects of scaffolds and environment on @entity5 formation have seldom been investigated. In this study, four types of injectable hydrogels, namely, collagen type I, Matrigel, alginate and agarose gels, were loaded with @entity1 @entity43 SKOV3 cells and then injected into @entity19 subcutaneously. The growth of the @entity5 in vitro was also investigated. After four weeks, the specimens were harvested and analyzed. We found that @entity5 formation by SKOV3 cells was best supported by collagen, followed by Matrigel, alginate, control (without scaffold) and agarose in  vivo. The collagen I group exhibited a larger @entity5 volume with increased neovascularization and increased @entity39 compared with the other materials. Further, increased MMP activity, upregulated expression of laminin and fibronectin and higher levels of @entity7738 and @entity7 in the collagen group revealed that the engineered @entity5 is closer to @entity1 @entity43 . In order, collagen, Matrigel, alginate, control (without scaffold) and agarose exhibited decreases in @entity5 formation. All evidence indicated that the in vivo engineered @entity5 is scaffold-dependent. Bioactive hydrogels are superior to inert hydrogels at promoting @entity5 regeneration. In particular, biomimetic hydrogels are advantageous because they provide a microenvironment that mimics the ECM of natural @entity5 . On the other hand, typical features of @entity5 cells and the expression of genes related to @entity5 were far less similar to the @entity5 in vitro, which indicated the importance of culture environment in vivo. Superior to the in vitro culture, @entity19 can be considered satisfactory in vivo 'bioreactors' for the screening of favorable cell vehicles for @entity5 engineering in vitro.

title: In vivo bioengineered XXXX based on collagen, matrigel, alginate and agarose hydrogels: a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'natural tumor', 'cancer malignancy', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: Haemoptysis rarely occurs in @entity370 . Most cases usually occur in @entity1 with @entity1442 and major @entity82 . We observed 6 cases including 5 with @entity82 and 1 with inaugural unilateral lymph node involvement. Haemoptysis is a sign of gravity since it is the second most frequent cause of @entity204 described in the literature. In our series 4 of the 6 cases were fatal. Aspergillus colonization of a cavity is the most frequently found aggravating factor. Ideally, surgery is indicated but usually cannot be performed due to the @entity1 respiratory function and the extent of the lesions. Oral drugs have little effect. Certain authors have had success with local, initially intrabronchic anti-aspergillus treatment. CT-guided application is often helpful. Embolization may stop the @entity548 but in the long-term, a more or less voluminous haemoptysis often recurs. Other causes of @entity548 are rare. Systemic hypervascularization of @entity75 has been proposed as one mechanism other than infection. The cause may also be a simple @entity738 . Symptomatic initial treatment by embolization is also proposed in these cases. Finally, massive haemoptysis can occur by @entity358 due to a @entity39 . In our series, surgery was impossible in three @entity1 who died. In the three others, embolization was possible in 2 and the third underwent successful surgery.

title: [Hemoptysis in XXXX . Apropos of 6 cases including 4 with fatal outcome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic sarcoidosis lesion']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['erosion of the pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: A national registry for @entity1577 was established in France in 1993. A questionnaire is sent once a year to different health care units. The first questionnaire was analyzed in 1992: 1,893 @entity1 (53% males) were identified. 28% were over 15 years of age, 13% more than 20, and 1% over 35. Usually, diagnosis had been suggested by respiratory signs, followed by digestive tract signs and @entity851 and meconial ileus. 13% were diagnosed in screening programmes. Diagnosis was made before 1 year in 66% of the subjects (mean = 7 months). All the data collected and the functional and bacteriologic data were compared with those observed in the United States and Canada. It should also be noted that 38 @entity1 were grafted during this study year and that it is too early to analyze the general outcome for all subjects. The creation of this registry is an important step towards a better understanding of the epidemiology of @entity1577 in the French population.

title: [ XXXX : comparative analysis of epidemiological data of French and North American registries].

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth impairment']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['Mucoviscidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) is important, due to the associated very high mortality. Failure to diagnose @entity1187 is a problem both for the @entity1 and the clinicians. @entity63 modified albumin (IMA) has already been licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration for the diagnosis of suspected @entity741 . METHODS: @entity1 attending the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) within 6  h after having features of @entity1187 were selected. IMA was done on admission. Blinded to the IMA results @entity1 were fully evaluated and a diagnosis of non-ischemic @entity662 (NICP), @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ) or @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was made. Later IMA results were correlated in each group. RESULTS: Mean IMA value was 56.38      23.89  u/ml in NICP group whereas in @entity1459 group it was 89.00      7.76  u/ml and @entity583 group was 87.50      9.62  u/ml. This showed a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 87%. The positive predictive value of the test was 88% and negative predictive value was 94%. In 16 @entity1 an early diagnosis could be made when compared with @entity1619 . Of the 89 @entity1 11 @entity1 died in hospital. The IMA value was compared between this group and the @entity1 who survived. @entity1 who died had a mean IMA value of 88.5 with a standard deviation of 5.33 whereas in @entity1 who survived the mean value was 78.26 which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In conclusion the benefit of the test would be to rule out @entity1187 in @entity1 who present early to @entity341 with inconclusive diagnosis.

title: Role of " XXXX Modified Albumin" (IMA) in @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) is important, due to the associated very high mortality. Failure to diagnose @entity1187 is a problem both for the @entity1 and the clinicians. @entity63 modified albumin (IMA) has already been licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration for the diagnosis of suspected @entity741 . METHODS: @entity1 attending the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) within 6  h after having features of @entity1187 were selected. IMA was done on admission. Blinded to the IMA results @entity1 were fully evaluated and a diagnosis of non-ischemic @entity662 (NICP), @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ) or @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was made. Later IMA results were correlated in each group. RESULTS: Mean IMA value was 56.38      23.89  u/ml in NICP group whereas in @entity1459 group it was 89.00      7.76  u/ml and @entity583 group was 87.50      9.62  u/ml. This showed a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 87%. The positive predictive value of the test was 88% and negative predictive value was 94%. In 16 @entity1 an early diagnosis could be made when compared with @entity1619 . Of the 89 @entity1 11 @entity1 died in hospital. The IMA value was compared between this group and the @entity1 who survived. @entity1 who died had a mean IMA value of 88.5 with a standard deviation of 5.33 whereas in @entity1 who survived the mean value was 78.26 which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In conclusion the benefit of the test would be to rule out @entity1187 in @entity1 who present early to @entity341 with inconclusive diagnosis.

title: Role of " @entity63 Modified Albumin" (IMA) in XXXX .

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The impact of @entity5 @entity1 pathways (CPP) on long-term outcome after surgery for @entity14 has not been documented. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CPP on survival in @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity14 . METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study performed in a single centre on prospectively collected data from a national database, the Danish @entity14 Group. In total, we reviewed 309 consecutive @entity1 (145 females) with a median age of 70 years (range: 30-92 years), who underwent surgery for @entity14 between 2007 and 2009. RESULTS: A total of 148 @entity1 who underwent elective surgery after the introduction of CPP on 1 April 2008 had a decrease in the median number of days from referral to endoscopy (from 8 to 6, p = 0.001, from referral to oncological treatment (from 46.5 to 32 days, p < 0.001) and from referral to surgery (from 28 to 22 days, p = 0.066), but this latest reduction was not significant. Overall survival (OS) was analysed using the Kaplan Meier method; and variables were compared with the log rank test. The 60-month OS was significantly improved from 61.1% in those who were operated before 1 April 2008 (n = 161) to 72.6% in the CPP group operated after 1 April (p = 0.026). Using the Cox regression model, we found that CPP was an independent factor associated with survival (p = 0.032, hazard ratio = 0.661, 95% confidence interval: 0.454-0.964). CONCLUSION: Introduction of CCPs in a single centre was associated with a significant improvement of overall sur-vival, and using Cox regression we found that the CPP was an independent marker for survival. Larger studies are needed to clearly understand the effect of CPP. FUNDING: not relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: not relevant.

title: XXXX pathways are associated with improved long-term survival.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We used two years of eddy covariance (EC) measurements collected over an intensively grazed dairy pasture to better understand the key drivers of changes in soil organic @entity505 stocks. Analysing grazing systems with EC measurements poses significant challenges as the respiration from grazing animals can result in large short-term @entity515 fluxes. As paddocks are grazed only periodically, EC observations derive from a mosaic of paddocks with very different exchange rates. This violates the assumptions implicit in the use of EC methodology. To test whether these challenges could be overcome, and to develop a tool for wider scenario testing, we compared EC measurements with simulation runs with the detailed ecosystem model CenW 4.1. Simulations were run separately for 26 paddocks around the EC tower and coupled to a footprint analysis to estimate net fluxes at the EC tower. Overall, we obtained good agreement between modelled and measured fluxes, especially for the comparison of evapotranspiration rates, with model efficiency of 0.96 for weekly averaged values of the validation data. For net ecosystem productivity (NEP) comparisons, observations were omitted when @entity291 grazed the paddocks immediately around the tower. With those points omitted, model efficiencies for weekly averaged values of the validation data were 0.78, 0.67 and 0.54 for daytime, night-time and 24-hour NEP, respectively. While not included for model parameterisation, simulated gross primary production also agreed closely with values inferred from eddy covariance measurements (model efficiency of 0.84 for weekly averages). The study confirmed that CenW simulations could adequately model @entity505 and water exchange in grazed pastures. It highlighted the critical role of animal respiration for net @entity515 fluxes, and showed that EC studies of grazed pastures need to consider the best approach of accounting for this important flux to avoid unbalanced accounting.

title: Modelling XXXX and water exchange of a grazed pasture in New Zealand constrained by eddy covariance measurements.

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity35742 is a @entity5735 inhibitor, used to treat @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses were performed to characterize the impact of clinically relevant intrinsic/extrinsic factors (covariates) on @entity35742 exposure and @entity5735 inhibition in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: @entity35742 plasma concentrations and @entity5735 activities were obtained from four studies (two phase 1, two phase 2b). Non-linear mixed-effects modelling techniques were implemented using NONMEM software. The covariates that were studied comprised demographic information and laboratory values, including liver enzyme levels and @entity1011 clearance, as well as study-related factors such as @entity2449 co-treatment. Covariate effects on parameters describing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship were investigated using stepwise forward inclusion/backward elimination. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic analysis included 6,907 measurements of plasma @entity35742 concentrations from 462 @entity1 ; the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis included 9,674 measurements of plasma @entity5735 activity and @entity35742 plasma concentrations from 607 @entity1 . The non-linear pharmacokinetics were described by a target-mediated drug disposition model accounting for the concentration-dependent binding of @entity35742 to its target, @entity5735 . The difference in exposure between the 5th and 95th percentiles of the covariate distributions and median was <20 % for each single covariate. Likewise, the impact of the covariates on both the half-maximum effect (EC50) and the concentration leading to 80 % @entity5735 inhibition was <20 %. CONCLUSION: These analyses show that the investigated factors do not alter the pharmacokinetics and @entity5735 inhibitory activity of @entity35742 to a clinically relevant extent and that dose adjustment is not necessary on the basis of factors including age, sex and weight.

title: Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['DPP-4', 'dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity35742 :: ('MESH:C568794', 'Chemical') :: ['Linagliptin', 'linagliptin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity35742 :: (MESH:C568794,Chemical) :: ['Linagliptin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity35742 is a @entity5735 inhibitor, used to treat @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses were performed to characterize the impact of clinically relevant intrinsic/extrinsic factors (covariates) on @entity35742 exposure and @entity5735 inhibition in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: @entity35742 plasma concentrations and @entity5735 activities were obtained from four studies (two phase 1, two phase 2b). Non-linear mixed-effects modelling techniques were implemented using NONMEM software. The covariates that were studied comprised demographic information and laboratory values, including liver enzyme levels and @entity1011 clearance, as well as study-related factors such as @entity2449 co-treatment. Covariate effects on parameters describing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship were investigated using stepwise forward inclusion/backward elimination. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic analysis included 6,907 measurements of plasma @entity35742 concentrations from 462 @entity1 ; the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis included 9,674 measurements of plasma @entity5735 activity and @entity35742 plasma concentrations from 607 @entity1 . The non-linear pharmacokinetics were described by a target-mediated drug disposition model accounting for the concentration-dependent binding of @entity35742 to its target, @entity5735 . The difference in exposure between the 5th and 95th percentiles of the covariate distributions and median was <20 % for each single covariate. Likewise, the impact of the covariates on both the half-maximum effect (EC50) and the concentration leading to 80 % @entity5735 inhibition was <20 %. CONCLUSION: These analyses show that the investigated factors do not alter the pharmacokinetics and @entity5735 inhibitory activity of @entity35742 to a clinically relevant extent and that dose adjustment is not necessary on the basis of factors including age, sex and weight.

title: Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of @entity35742 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity35742 is a @entity5735 inhibitor, used to treat @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses were performed to characterize the impact of clinically relevant intrinsic/extrinsic factors (covariates) on @entity35742 exposure and @entity5735 inhibition in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: @entity35742 plasma concentrations and @entity5735 activities were obtained from four studies (two phase 1, two phase 2b). Non-linear mixed-effects modelling techniques were implemented using NONMEM software. The covariates that were studied comprised demographic information and laboratory values, including liver enzyme levels and @entity1011 clearance, as well as study-related factors such as @entity2449 co-treatment. Covariate effects on parameters describing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship were investigated using stepwise forward inclusion/backward elimination. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic analysis included 6,907 measurements of plasma @entity35742 concentrations from 462 @entity1 ; the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis included 9,674 measurements of plasma @entity5735 activity and @entity35742 plasma concentrations from 607 @entity1 . The non-linear pharmacokinetics were described by a target-mediated drug disposition model accounting for the concentration-dependent binding of @entity35742 to its target, @entity5735 . The difference in exposure between the 5th and 95th percentiles of the covariate distributions and median was <20 % for each single covariate. Likewise, the impact of the covariates on both the half-maximum effect (EC50) and the concentration leading to 80 % @entity5735 inhibition was <20 %. CONCLUSION: These analyses show that the investigated factors do not alter the pharmacokinetics and @entity5735 inhibitory activity of @entity35742 to a clinically relevant extent and that dose adjustment is not necessary on the basis of factors including age, sex and weight.

title: Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of @entity35742 in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Psychedelic agents have a long history of use by @entity1 for their capacity to induce profound modifications in perception, emotion and cognitive processes. Despite increasing knowledge of the neural mechanisms involved in the acute effects of these drugs, the impact of sustained psychedelic use on the @entity1 brain remains largely unknown. Molecular pharmacology studies have shown that psychedelic @entity750 ( @entity750 )2A agonists stimulate neurotrophic and transcription factors associated with synaptic plasticity. These data suggest that psychedelics could potentially induce structural changes in brain tissue. Here we looked for differences in @entity121 ( @entity121 ) in regular users of psychedelics. We obtained magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of the brains of 22 regular users of ayahuasca (a preparation whose active principle is the psychedelic 5HT2A agonist @entity33019 ( @entity15093 )) and 22 controls matched for age, sex, years of education, verbal IQ and fluid IQ. Ayahuasca users showed significant @entity121 differences in midline structures of the brain, with thinning in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a key node of the default mode network. @entity121 values in the PCC were inversely correlated with the intensity and duration of prior use of ayahuasca and with scores on self-transcendence, a personality trait measuring religiousness, transpersonal feelings and spirituality. Although direct causation cannot be established, these data suggest that regular use of psychedelic drugs could potentially lead to structural changes in brain areas supporting attentional processes, self-referential thought, and internal mentation. These changes could underlie the previously reported personality changes in long-term users and highlight the involvement of the PCC in the effects of psychedelics.

title: Long-term use of psychedelic drugs is associated with differences in brain structure and personality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity33019 :: ('MESH:D004130', 'Chemical') :: ['N,N-dimethyltryptamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5HT', '5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['cortical thickness', 'CT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic carotid @entity397 may lead to @entity1031 , causing transient @entity63 attack or @entity385 . Carotid plaque ulceration on angiography is associated with @entity397 . Although healing of @entity397 has been described in coronary arteries, little is known about the natural development of plaque ulcerations in carotid arteries. We therefore explored the evolution of carotid plaque surface morphology with serial multidetector CT angiography (MDCTA). METHODS: From a registry of @entity1 with transient @entity63 attack or minor @entity385 , we selected 83 @entity1 who had undergone serial MDCTA of the carotid arteries. Arteries subjected to revascularization procedures between the two scans were excluded (n = 11). Plaque surface morphology was classified as smooth, irregular or ulcerated on both baseline and follow-up MDCTA. Progression (i.e. development of irregularities or ulceration) and regression (i.e. disappearance of irregularities or ulceration) in morphology were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean time interval between the MDCTA scans was 21    13 months. At baseline, 28 (18%) arteries were normal, 124 (80%) contained @entity731 plaque and 3 (2%) were occluded. Plaque surface morphology was smooth in 86 arteries (55%), irregular in 23 (15%) and ulcerated in 15 (10%). At follow-up, surface morphology was unchanged in 88% of arteries, had progressed in 8% and regressed in 4%. Most importantly, plaque morphology remained unchanged in most ulcerated plaques (10/15; 67%). One @entity1066 had progressed, whereas 4 had regressed. New ulcerations had developed in 2 nonulcerated plaques. CONCLUSION: MDCTA allows evaluation of temporal changes in @entity731 carotid plaque morphology. Plaque surface morphology remained unchanged in most arteries. Carotid ulcerations persist for a long time, and may remain a potential source of @entity1031 .

title: Evolution of XXXX carotid plaque morphology: do ulcerated plaques heal? A serial multidetector CT angiography study.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated plaque']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured plaques', 'plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolization']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cumulative incidence of @entity249 for @entity1 and @entity1 in a population-based sample. DESIGN: Longitudinal study of a birth cohort. SETTING: Research unit. @entity1 (S): A population-based birth cohort of 1,037 @entity1 and @entity1 born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between 1972 and  1973. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cumulative incidence of @entity249 by age 32 and 38, distribution of causes and service use for @entity249 , live birth subsequent to @entity249 , and live birth by age  38. RESULT(S): The cumulative incidence of @entity249 by age 38 ranged from 14.4% to 21.8% for @entity1 and from 15.2% to 26.0% for @entity1 depending on the @entity249 definition and data used. Infertility, defined as having tried to conceive for 12  months or more or having sought medical help to conceive, was experienced by 21.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.7-26.2) of @entity1 and 26.0% (95% CI, 21.8-30.6) of @entity1 by age 38. For those who experienced @entity249 , 59.8% (95% CI, 48.3-70.4) of @entity1 and 71.8% (95% CI, 62.1-80.3) of @entity1 eventually had a live birth. Successful resolution of @entity249 and entry into parenthood by age 38 were much lower for those who first experienced @entity249 in their mid to late thirties compared with at a younger age. CONCLUSION(S): Comparison of reports from two assessments in this cohort study suggests @entity249 estimates from a single cross-sectional study may underestimate lifetime @entity249 . The lower rate of resolution and entry into parenthood for those first experiencing @entity249 in their mid to late thirties highlights the consequences of postponing parenthood and could result in involuntary childlessness and fewer @entity1 than desired.

title: Cumulative incidence of XXXX in a New Zealand birth cohort to age 38 by sex and the relationship with family formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity251 has been added to hormone replacement therapy to treat @entity250 in postmenopausal @entity1 . Whereas @entity172 has been associated with vascular protection, the vascular effects of @entity251 are contradictory and the effects of its association with @entity172 are largely unknown. In this study we determined the effects of @entity251 associated with conjugated @entity1641 @entity172 (CEE) on vascular function using a model of @entity101 postmenopausal female: ovariectomized spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . Female spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 were divided into sham-operated, ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX treated for 15 days with either CEE alone (OVX+CEE) or associated with @entity251 (OVX+CEE+T). @entity1808 ( @entity1808 )-induced contraction was markedly increased in aortic rings from OVX compared with sham-operated @entity35 . CEE treatment restored @entity1808 responses, a beneficial effect abrogated with CEE+T. CEE treatment also increased endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was impaired in OVX @entity35 . This effect was lost by CEE+T. Treatment of aortas with @entity9886 ( @entity1808 type-1 receptor antagonist) or @entity12824 ( @entity1110 -oxidase inhibitor) restored the endothelium-dependent relaxation in OVX and CEE+T, establishing an interplay between @entity1808 and @entity409 in OVX and CEE+T. The benefits by CEE were associated with downregulation of @entity1110 -oxidase subunits mRNA expression and decreased reactive @entity26 species generation. The association of @entity251 with CEE impairs the benefits of @entity172 on OVX-associated @entity409 and reactive @entity26 species generation in @entity35 aorta by a mechanism that involves phosphorylation of the cytosolic @entity1110 -oxidase subunit @entity11934 (phox).

title: Association of XXXX with @entity172 abolishes the beneficial effects of @entity172 treatment by increasing ROS generation in aorta endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']