abstract: UNASSIGNED: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of @entity650 are associated with the development of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). Their impact for @entity295 in the field of @entity740 was investigated. One control cohort of 115 @entity1 with @entity740 without @entity281 and another case cohort of 198 @entity1 with @entity740 and @entity295 were enrolled. Genotyping at the -174 ( @entity15147 ) and -572 positions of @entity650 ( @entity15146 ) was done by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Circulating @entity650 was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. The GG genotype of @entity15146 was more frequent among cases (78.3  %) than controls (62.6  %). No difference in the genotype frequencies of @entity15147 between cases and controls were found. Odds ratio for @entity295 was 2.07 (95%CI 1.24-3.44, p   =   0.005) with the GG genotype of @entity15146 , which was confirmed by logistic regression analysis taking into consideration the presence of chronic comorbidities. All-cause mortality until day 28 was similar between @entity1 with the GG genotype and the GC/CC genotypes of @entity15146 , but death caused from cardiovascular events not-related with @entity281 was more frequent with the GG genotype (14.6  % vs 2.4  %, p   =   0.031). Circulating @entity650 was greater among @entity1 of the GC/CC genotypes of @entity15146 and multiple organ dysfunction (p   =   0.013). The GG genotype of @entity15146 predisposes to @entity295 in @entity740 and to 28-day mortality by @entity295 -unrelated @entity65 .

title: -572 G/C single nucleotide polymorphism of XXXX and @entity295 predisposition in @entity740 .

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of @entity650 are associated with the development of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). Their impact for @entity295 in the field of @entity740 was investigated. One control cohort of 115 @entity1 with @entity740 without @entity281 and another case cohort of 198 @entity1 with @entity740 and @entity295 were enrolled. Genotyping at the -174 ( @entity15147 ) and -572 positions of @entity650 ( @entity15146 ) was done by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Circulating @entity650 was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. The GG genotype of @entity15146 was more frequent among cases (78.3  %) than controls (62.6  %). No difference in the genotype frequencies of @entity15147 between cases and controls were found. Odds ratio for @entity295 was 2.07 (95%CI 1.24-3.44, p   =   0.005) with the GG genotype of @entity15146 , which was confirmed by logistic regression analysis taking into consideration the presence of chronic comorbidities. All-cause mortality until day 28 was similar between @entity1 with the GG genotype and the GC/CC genotypes of @entity15146 , but death caused from cardiovascular events not-related with @entity281 was more frequent with the GG genotype (14.6  % vs 2.4  %, p   =   0.031). Circulating @entity650 was greater among @entity1 of the GC/CC genotypes of @entity15146 and multiple organ dysfunction (p   =   0.013). The GG genotype of @entity15146 predisposes to @entity295 in @entity740 and to 28-day mortality by @entity295 -unrelated @entity65 .

title: -572 G/C single nucleotide polymorphism of @entity650 and @entity295 predisposition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular phenomena']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4854 frequently occurs during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), although its direct effects on cerebral perfusion and metabolism are not known. Using a @entity235 model of hypothermic CPB, we tested whether @entity4854 alters cerebral blood flow and metabolism and cerebral energy charge. METHODS: Twenty anesthetized @entity235 were randomized into @entity1602 (n = 10) and normoglycemic (n = 10) groups. The @entity1602 group received an infusion of D50W, and the normoglycemic animals received an equal volume of 0.9% @entity4202 . Both groups underwent 120 min of hypothermic (28 degrees C) CPB using membrane oxygenators, followed by rewarming and termination of CPB. Cerebral blood flow (radioactive microspheres) and the cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 were measured intermittently during the experiment and brain tissue metabolites were obtained after bypass. RESULTS: Before CPB, the @entity413 -treated animals had higher serum @entity413 levels (534 +/- 12 mg/dL; mean +/- SE) than controls (103 +/- 4 mg/dL; P < 0.05), and this difference was maintained throughout the study. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism did not differ between groups at any time during the experiment. @entity48950 was comparable between groups throughout CPB. Tissue high-energy @entity6546 and water contents were similar after CPB, although cerebral @entity880 levels were greater in @entity1602 (37.2 +/- 5.7 mumol/g) than normoglycemic animals (19.7 +/- 3.7 mumol/g; P < 0.05). After CPB, pH values of cerebrospinal fluid for normoglycemic (7.33 +/- 0.01) and @entity1602 (7.34 +/- 0.01) groups were similar. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4854 during CPB significantly increases cerebral @entity880 levels without adversely affecting cerebral blood flow and metabolism, cerebrospinal fluid pH, or cerebral energy charge.

title: XXXX during hypothermic @entity235 cardiopulmonary bypass increases cerebral @entity880 .

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity48950 :: ('MESH:D020225', 'Disease') :: ['Sagittal sinus pressure']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4854 frequently occurs during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), although its direct effects on cerebral perfusion and metabolism are not known. Using a @entity235 model of hypothermic CPB, we tested whether @entity4854 alters cerebral blood flow and metabolism and cerebral energy charge. METHODS: Twenty anesthetized @entity235 were randomized into @entity1602 (n = 10) and normoglycemic (n = 10) groups. The @entity1602 group received an infusion of D50W, and the normoglycemic animals received an equal volume of 0.9% @entity4202 . Both groups underwent 120 min of hypothermic (28 degrees C) CPB using membrane oxygenators, followed by rewarming and termination of CPB. Cerebral blood flow (radioactive microspheres) and the cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 were measured intermittently during the experiment and brain tissue metabolites were obtained after bypass. RESULTS: Before CPB, the @entity413 -treated animals had higher serum @entity413 levels (534 +/- 12 mg/dL; mean +/- SE) than controls (103 +/- 4 mg/dL; P < 0.05), and this difference was maintained throughout the study. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism did not differ between groups at any time during the experiment. @entity48950 was comparable between groups throughout CPB. Tissue high-energy @entity6546 and water contents were similar after CPB, although cerebral @entity880 levels were greater in @entity1602 (37.2 +/- 5.7 mumol/g) than normoglycemic animals (19.7 +/- 3.7 mumol/g; P < 0.05). After CPB, pH values of cerebrospinal fluid for normoglycemic (7.33 +/- 0.01) and @entity1602 (7.34 +/- 0.01) groups were similar. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4854 during CPB significantly increases cerebral @entity880 levels without adversely affecting cerebral blood flow and metabolism, cerebrospinal fluid pH, or cerebral energy charge.

title: @entity4854 during hypothermic @entity235 cardiopulmonary bypass increases cerebral XXXX .

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4854 frequently occurs during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), although its direct effects on cerebral perfusion and metabolism are not known. Using a @entity235 model of hypothermic CPB, we tested whether @entity4854 alters cerebral blood flow and metabolism and cerebral energy charge. METHODS: Twenty anesthetized @entity235 were randomized into @entity1602 (n = 10) and normoglycemic (n = 10) groups. The @entity1602 group received an infusion of D50W, and the normoglycemic animals received an equal volume of 0.9% @entity4202 . Both groups underwent 120 min of hypothermic (28 degrees C) CPB using membrane oxygenators, followed by rewarming and termination of CPB. Cerebral blood flow (radioactive microspheres) and the cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 were measured intermittently during the experiment and brain tissue metabolites were obtained after bypass. RESULTS: Before CPB, the @entity413 -treated animals had higher serum @entity413 levels (534 +/- 12 mg/dL; mean +/- SE) than controls (103 +/- 4 mg/dL; P < 0.05), and this difference was maintained throughout the study. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism did not differ between groups at any time during the experiment. @entity48950 was comparable between groups throughout CPB. Tissue high-energy @entity6546 and water contents were similar after CPB, although cerebral @entity880 levels were greater in @entity1602 (37.2 +/- 5.7 mumol/g) than normoglycemic animals (19.7 +/- 3.7 mumol/g; P < 0.05). After CPB, pH values of cerebrospinal fluid for normoglycemic (7.33 +/- 0.01) and @entity1602 (7.34 +/- 0.01) groups were similar. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4854 during CPB significantly increases cerebral @entity880 levels without adversely affecting cerebral blood flow and metabolism, cerebrospinal fluid pH, or cerebral energy charge.

title: @entity4854 during hypothermic XXXX cardiopulmonary bypass increases cerebral @entity880 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purposes of the present study were to classify the palliative care population (PCP) in a comprehensive @entity5 centre by using information on antineoplastic treatment options and to analyse associations between socio-demographic factors, @entity5 diagnoses, treatment characteristics and receiving specialist palliative care (SPC). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional screening study of @entity1 with @entity5 in the Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital for 6  months. @entity1 were assessed to be included in the DOMUS study: a randomised controlled trial of accelerated transition to SPC at home (NCT01885637). The PCP was classified as @entity1 with incurable @entity5 and limited or no antineoplastic treatment options. @entity1 with performance status 2-4 were further classified as the essential palliative care population (EPCP). RESULTS: During the study period, 3717 @entity1 with @entity5 were assessed. The PCP comprised 513 @entity1 yielding a prevalence of 14  %. The EPCP comprised 256 @entity1 (7  %). The EPCP was older, more likely inpatients, had a higher comorbidity burden and 38  % received SPC. @entity1 , @entity1 without caregivers and @entity1 with @entity0 were more likely to receive SPC. CONCLUSIONS: By using objective criteria from clinical data and systematic screening, the observed prevalence of the PCP of 14  % may be generalisable to comprehensive @entity5 centres with similar composition of @entity5 diagnoses.

title: Classification of a palliative care population in a comprehensive XXXX centre.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: One hundred consecutive @entity1 who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected @entity698 were evaluated to assess the appropriate clinical setting for laparoscopic appendectomy. The usefulness of diagnostic laparoscopy in the setting of acute @entity490 has been well documented. However, there is debate about the use of laparoscopy for definitive therapy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the decision making process during diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected @entity698 . When pathology is identified other than in the appendix, the majority of @entity1 can be treated without converting to an open procedure. In @entity1 found to have no obvious pathology, incidental appendectomy can be performed laparoscopically. When @entity698 was identified, the majority of @entity1 could be treated safely without converting to an open technique. However, there were certain clinical situations that necessitated conversion to an open operation. Involvement of the cecum or perforation at the base of the appendix puts the @entity2466 at risk for leak and @entity733 formation. Evaluation of the cecum by palpation for a mass should also be performed in this situation. Another situation in which conversion to an open technique is warranted is an @entity2466 with adherent small bowel. The friability of bowel wall greatly increases the risk for @entity130 in this setting. Laparoscopy is a useful technique for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity490 even if the appendix is normal on inspection. Conversion to an open operation should be employed when @entity32 or perforation occurs at the base of the appendix and when bowel is found to be adherent to an @entity2466 .

title: Diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal abscess', 'appendiceal stump']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bowel injury']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although several studies have established the safety and efficacy of @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ) as compared to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), few studies have investigated the role of @entity8625 ( @entity8625 ) that incorporates ACDF and @entity3799 techniques in @entity179 ( @entity179 ). METHODS: This prospective study enrolled @entity1 with @entity179 who underwent @entity8625 . Twenty consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity8625 were compared with @entity1 who underwent ACDF and @entity3799 at the same level of surgery. @entity1 were followed up for more than 2  years. Intraoperative parameters, clinical features and outcome scores were recorded. Radiological assessments included overall range of motion (ROM), disc height (DHI), and changes in adjacent disc spaces. RESULTS: Duration of surgery was significantly shorter for ACDF compared with @entity8625 and @entity3799 (P  <  0.05). The VAS, SF-36, JOA, and @entity3040 scores improved significantly after surgery in all the @entity1 without significant differences among the groups. Cervical ROM increased significantly in @entity3799 and @entity8625 groups as compared with ACDF-treated @entity1 (P  <  0.05). The mean DHI at the treated level was significantly restored after surgery in all the groups. The @entity8625 group returned to work faster (30  days) when compared with both ACDF (62  days) and @entity3799 (65  days) (P  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity8625 is an effective, reliable, and safe procedure for the treatment @entity179 . Such a surgical construct is comparable to ACDF and @entity3799 in terms of safety and feasibility. However, large, randomized controlled trials are warranted.

title: Clinical and radiological features of XXXX in @entity179 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical disc arthroplasty', 'CDA']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['hybrid surgery', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease', 'MLCDDD']

answer: @entity8625 :: (MESH:D015456,Disease) :: ['hybrid surgery']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although several studies have established the safety and efficacy of @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ) as compared to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), few studies have investigated the role of @entity8625 ( @entity8625 ) that incorporates ACDF and @entity3799 techniques in @entity179 ( @entity179 ). METHODS: This prospective study enrolled @entity1 with @entity179 who underwent @entity8625 . Twenty consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity8625 were compared with @entity1 who underwent ACDF and @entity3799 at the same level of surgery. @entity1 were followed up for more than 2  years. Intraoperative parameters, clinical features and outcome scores were recorded. Radiological assessments included overall range of motion (ROM), disc height (DHI), and changes in adjacent disc spaces. RESULTS: Duration of surgery was significantly shorter for ACDF compared with @entity8625 and @entity3799 (P  <  0.05). The VAS, SF-36, JOA, and @entity3040 scores improved significantly after surgery in all the @entity1 without significant differences among the groups. Cervical ROM increased significantly in @entity3799 and @entity8625 groups as compared with ACDF-treated @entity1 (P  <  0.05). The mean DHI at the treated level was significantly restored after surgery in all the groups. The @entity8625 group returned to work faster (30  days) when compared with both ACDF (62  days) and @entity3799 (65  days) (P  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity8625 is an effective, reliable, and safe procedure for the treatment @entity179 . Such a surgical construct is comparable to ACDF and @entity3799 in terms of safety and feasibility. However, large, randomized controlled trials are warranted.

title: Clinical and radiological features of @entity8625 in XXXX .

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors performed a prospective evaluation of staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography in predicting surgical resectability in @entity1 with @entity189 of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Pancreatic resection with curative intent is possible in a select minority of @entity1 who have @entity189 of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. @entity1 selection is important to plan appropriate therapy and avoid unnecessary laparotomy in @entity1 with unresectable disease. Laparoscopic ultrasonography is a novel technique that combines the proven benefits of staging laparoscopy with high resolution intraoperative ultrasound of the liver and pancreas, but which has yet to be evaluated critically in the staging of @entity9451 . METHODS: A cohort of 40 consecutive @entity1 referred to a tertiary referral center and with a diagnosis of potentially resectable pancreatic or @entity5 underwent staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography. The diagnostic accuracy of staging laparoscopy alone and in conjunction with laparoscopic ultrasonography was evaluated in predicting @entity5 resectability (absence of peritoneal or liver metastases; absence of @entity5 ; @entity5 confined to pancreatic head or periampullary region). RESULTS: "Occult" metastatic lesions were demonstrated by staging laparoscopy in 14 @entity1 (35%). Laparoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated factors confirming unresectable @entity5 in 23 @entity1 (59%), provided staging information in addition to that of laparoscopy alone in 20 @entity1 (53%), and changed the decision @entity5 resectability in 10 @entity1 (25%). Staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography was more specific and accurate in predicting @entity5 resectability than laparoscopy alone (88% and 89% versus 50% and 65%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Staging laparoscopy is indispensable in the detection of "occult" intra-abdominal metastases. Laparoscopic ultrasonography improves the accuracy of @entity5 in @entity1 with potentially resectable @entity3123 .

title: XXXX of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. @entity5 staging with laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and periampullary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant regional lymphadenopathy', 'tumor', 'periampullary cancer', 'regarding tumor', 'laparoscopic staging']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors performed a prospective evaluation of staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography in predicting surgical resectability in @entity1 with @entity189 of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Pancreatic resection with curative intent is possible in a select minority of @entity1 who have @entity189 of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. @entity1 selection is important to plan appropriate therapy and avoid unnecessary laparotomy in @entity1 with unresectable disease. Laparoscopic ultrasonography is a novel technique that combines the proven benefits of staging laparoscopy with high resolution intraoperative ultrasound of the liver and pancreas, but which has yet to be evaluated critically in the staging of @entity9451 . METHODS: A cohort of 40 consecutive @entity1 referred to a tertiary referral center and with a diagnosis of potentially resectable pancreatic or @entity5 underwent staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography. The diagnostic accuracy of staging laparoscopy alone and in conjunction with laparoscopic ultrasonography was evaluated in predicting @entity5 resectability (absence of peritoneal or liver metastases; absence of @entity5 ; @entity5 confined to pancreatic head or periampullary region). RESULTS: "Occult" metastatic lesions were demonstrated by staging laparoscopy in 14 @entity1 (35%). Laparoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated factors confirming unresectable @entity5 in 23 @entity1 (59%), provided staging information in addition to that of laparoscopy alone in 20 @entity1 (53%), and changed the decision @entity5 resectability in 10 @entity1 (25%). Staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography was more specific and accurate in predicting @entity5 resectability than laparoscopy alone (88% and 89% versus 50% and 65%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Staging laparoscopy is indispensable in the detection of "occult" intra-abdominal metastases. Laparoscopic ultrasonography improves the accuracy of @entity5 in @entity1 with potentially resectable @entity3123 .

title: @entity189 of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. XXXX staging with laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: Dietary measures, including calorie restriction and reduced fat intake, remain the mainstay of management in prevention of @entity301 ( @entity301 ). When this fails, drug therapy should be considered. Fibrates, a family of lipid lowering drugs, decrease plasma @entity1674 and inhibit their synthesis. They are also reported to suppress @entity165 production in the liver. A disadvantage of @entity3724 is the poor solubility of the principal ingredient, with subsequent incomplete absorption after oral administration. Micronized @entity3724 , a new formulation chemically identical to the parent compound, has improved pharmacokinetic parameters which increase absorption, provide more stable plasma levels, and thus dosage can be decreased. The micronized formulation has been shown to be effective in reducing LDL @entity165 and @entity1674 in @entity1 with types IIa and IV @entity407 , with increasing responsiveness to therapy in proportion to elevated baseline values of these parameters. This formulation has also been compared to @entity3413 , an @entity2453 reductase inhibitor. Results of a double-blind crossover study showed that both drugs reduced plasma @entity165 levels by similar amounts, and both produced similar increases in HDL @entity165 . The micronized formulation of @entity3724 thus provides improved efficacy in the prevention of @entity301 . In comparison to the standard formulation, micronised @entity3724 thus provides improved efficacy in the control of @entity2299 and the prevention of @entity301 .

title: The fibrates in clinical practice: focus on micronised XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3724 :: (MESH:D011345,Chemical) :: ['fenofibrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence, importance, and history of cardiac involvement in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2916 . DESIGN: Prospective study; clinical examination, sector and Doppler echocardiography, standard and ambulatory electrocardiography. SETTING: A tertiary referral centre. @entity1 : 21 @entity1 with @entity2916 aged 1 day to 16 years (mean 6.3 years); follow up investigations were available in 14 cases (10 retrospective, 4 prospective; mean follow up 4.3 years). RESULTS: @entity299 in the right ventricle (11) and left ventricle (14) as well as in the right atrium (1) were present in 14/21 @entity1 . Two of them had obstruction of the left ventricular inflow and outflow tract related to a @entity5 . In the remaining 7 @entity1 , echocardiography was normal in 4 and equivocal in 3 cases. The standard electrocardiogram (n = 20) showed @entity123 (2), @entity3153 (1), @entity943 (2), and repolarisation disturbances (4) in 7/13 @entity1 with @entity4618 but was normal in all @entity1 with a normal or equivocal echocardiogram. The ambulatory electrocardiogram (n = 19) showed frequent premature atrial (2) and polymorphous ventricular (2) contractions. The polymorphous ventricular contractions coexisted with @entity4618 . No @entity943 that needed medical treatment were found. Follow up investigations showed return to a normal standard electrocardiogram in 3 @entity1 . @entity5 occurred in 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity299 , although often present in these @entity1 with @entity2916 , caused neither major @entity943 nor haemodynamic obstruction except in the neonatal period. The indication for operation is limited to cases with life threatening obstruction or @entity943 refractory to medical treatment.

title: @entity299 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Definite regression or complete disappearance of the tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4618 :: ('MESH:D012207', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyomas']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac rhabdomyomas', 'Multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular pre-excitation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence, importance, and history of cardiac involvement in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2916 . DESIGN: Prospective study; clinical examination, sector and Doppler echocardiography, standard and ambulatory electrocardiography. SETTING: A tertiary referral centre. @entity1 : 21 @entity1 with @entity2916 aged 1 day to 16 years (mean 6.3 years); follow up investigations were available in 14 cases (10 retrospective, 4 prospective; mean follow up 4.3 years). RESULTS: @entity299 in the right ventricle (11) and left ventricle (14) as well as in the right atrium (1) were present in 14/21 @entity1 . Two of them had obstruction of the left ventricular inflow and outflow tract related to a @entity5 . In the remaining 7 @entity1 , echocardiography was normal in 4 and equivocal in 3 cases. The standard electrocardiogram (n = 20) showed @entity123 (2), @entity3153 (1), @entity943 (2), and repolarisation disturbances (4) in 7/13 @entity1 with @entity4618 but was normal in all @entity1 with a normal or equivocal echocardiogram. The ambulatory electrocardiogram (n = 19) showed frequent premature atrial (2) and polymorphous ventricular (2) contractions. The polymorphous ventricular contractions coexisted with @entity4618 . No @entity943 that needed medical treatment were found. Follow up investigations showed return to a normal standard electrocardiogram in 3 @entity1 . @entity5 occurred in 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity299 , although often present in these @entity1 with @entity2916 , caused neither major @entity943 nor haemodynamic obstruction except in the neonatal period. The indication for operation is limited to cases with life threatening obstruction or @entity943 refractory to medical treatment.

title: XXXX in @entity2916 .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac involvement']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The investigation of cortical gray matter (GM), deep GM nuclei, and @entity602 in @entity1 with @entity19383 ( @entity19383 ) provides insights into the neurodegenerative process responsible for clinical progression of @entity15 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of magnetic resonance imaging measures of cortical, deep GM, and @entity602 and their effect on clinical disability. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Cross-sectional analysis of 26 @entity1 with @entity19383 (mean age, 50.9 years; range, 31-65 years; including 14 @entity1 ) and 20 healthy control @entity1 (mean age, 51.1 years; range, 34-63 years; including 11 @entity1 ) enrolled at a single US institution. Clinical disability was measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, 9-Hole Peg Test, and 25-Foot Walking Test. We collected data from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2013. Data analysis was performed from January 21 to April 10, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cortical lesion burden, @entity75 , spinal cord area and volume, and scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (score range, 0 to 10; higher scores indicate greater disability), 9-Hole Peg Test (measured in seconds; longer performance time indicates greater disability), and 25-Foot Walking Test (test covers 7.5 m; measured in seconds; longer performance time indicates greater disability). RESULTS: The 26 @entity1 with @entity19383 showed significantly smaller mean (SD) brain and spinal cord volumes than the 20 control group @entity1 (normalized brain volume, 1377.81 [65.48] vs 1434.06 [53.67] cm3 [P = .003]; normalized white matter volume, 650.61 [46.38] vs 676.75 [37.02] cm3 [P = .045]; normalized gray matter volume, 727.20 [40.74] vs 757.31 [38.95] cm3 [P = .02]; normalized neocortical volume, 567.88 [85.55] vs 645.00 [42.84] cm3 [P =   .001]; normalized spinal cord volume for C2-C5, 72.71 [7.89] vs 82.70 [7.83] mm3 [P < .001]; and normalized spinal cord volume for C2-C3, 64.86 [7.78] vs 72.26 [7.79] mm3 [P =.002]). The amount of @entity75 , especially with respect to the thalamus, was correlated with the number and volume of @entity75 (mean [SD] thalamus volume, 8.89 [1.10] cm3; cortical lesion number, 12.6 [11.7]; cortical lesion volume, 0.65 [0.58] cm3; r = -0.52; P < .01). Thalamic @entity194 also showed an association with cortical lesion count in the frontal cortex (mean [SD] thalamus volume, 8.89 [1.1] cm3; cortical lesion count in the frontal lobe, 5.0 [5.7]; r = -0.60; P < .01). No association was identified between magnetic resonance imaging measures of the brain and @entity602 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, the neurodegenerative process occurring in @entity19383 appeared to spread across connected structures in the brain while proceeding independently in the spinal cord. These results support the relevance of anatomical connectivity for the propagation of @entity16 in the PP phenotype.

title: Association of Deep Gray Matter Damage With Cortical and XXXX in Primary Progressive @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['damage in deep GM structures', 'cortical lesions', 'brain and deep GM volumes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['MS damage']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord damage']

entities_list: @entity19383 :: ('MESH:D020528', 'Disease') :: ['primary progressive multiple sclerosis', 'PP-MS']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Degeneration']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The investigation of cortical gray matter (GM), deep GM nuclei, and @entity602 in @entity1 with @entity19383 ( @entity19383 ) provides insights into the neurodegenerative process responsible for clinical progression of @entity15 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of magnetic resonance imaging measures of cortical, deep GM, and @entity602 and their effect on clinical disability. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Cross-sectional analysis of 26 @entity1 with @entity19383 (mean age, 50.9 years; range, 31-65 years; including 14 @entity1 ) and 20 healthy control @entity1 (mean age, 51.1 years; range, 34-63 years; including 11 @entity1 ) enrolled at a single US institution. Clinical disability was measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, 9-Hole Peg Test, and 25-Foot Walking Test. We collected data from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2013. Data analysis was performed from January 21 to April 10, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cortical lesion burden, @entity75 , spinal cord area and volume, and scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (score range, 0 to 10; higher scores indicate greater disability), 9-Hole Peg Test (measured in seconds; longer performance time indicates greater disability), and 25-Foot Walking Test (test covers 7.5 m; measured in seconds; longer performance time indicates greater disability). RESULTS: The 26 @entity1 with @entity19383 showed significantly smaller mean (SD) brain and spinal cord volumes than the 20 control group @entity1 (normalized brain volume, 1377.81 [65.48] vs 1434.06 [53.67] cm3 [P = .003]; normalized white matter volume, 650.61 [46.38] vs 676.75 [37.02] cm3 [P = .045]; normalized gray matter volume, 727.20 [40.74] vs 757.31 [38.95] cm3 [P = .02]; normalized neocortical volume, 567.88 [85.55] vs 645.00 [42.84] cm3 [P =   .001]; normalized spinal cord volume for C2-C5, 72.71 [7.89] vs 82.70 [7.83] mm3 [P < .001]; and normalized spinal cord volume for C2-C3, 64.86 [7.78] vs 72.26 [7.79] mm3 [P =.002]). The amount of @entity75 , especially with respect to the thalamus, was correlated with the number and volume of @entity75 (mean [SD] thalamus volume, 8.89 [1.10] cm3; cortical lesion number, 12.6 [11.7]; cortical lesion volume, 0.65 [0.58] cm3; r = -0.52; P < .01). Thalamic @entity194 also showed an association with cortical lesion count in the frontal cortex (mean [SD] thalamus volume, 8.89 [1.1] cm3; cortical lesion count in the frontal lobe, 5.0 [5.7]; r = -0.60; P < .01). No association was identified between magnetic resonance imaging measures of the brain and @entity602 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, the neurodegenerative process occurring in @entity19383 appeared to spread across connected structures in the brain while proceeding independently in the spinal cord. These results support the relevance of anatomical connectivity for the propagation of @entity16 in the PP phenotype.

title: Association of Deep Gray Matter Damage With Cortical and @entity602 in Primary Progressive XXXX .

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Understanding the content of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaires can facilitate comparison and selection of the most appropriate tool in the assessment of @entity1 with @entity1643 . The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), as part of the WHO-FIC, can be used as a standardised method for mapping and comparing HRQOL questionnaire content. The purpose of this study was to link the Bournemouth Questionnaire (BQ) to the ICF in order to assess and compare the content of the BQ to the brief ICF core sets for @entity1643 . METHODS: The BQ was linked to the ICF following the rules described by Cieza and Stuki. Following the linking process, the results were further linked to the brief ICF core sets for @entity1643 . RESULTS: The BQ covered 21 ICF categories within the domains of body functions and activities and participation. Only five meaningful concepts could not be linked to the ICF. The brief core sets for @entity1643 contain 35 categories, identified as important concepts in back @entity158 @entity1 . The BQ covered 10 of the categories of the brief core sets. CONCLUSION: HRQOL tools provide valuable information about the health status of @entity1 . Content comparison based on ICF provides relevant information about the concepts covered and enables selection of the appropriate clinical tools. The BQ is easy to administer and is linked to a number of important concepts contained within the ICF and to concepts considered to be important in the assessment of @entity1 with LBP. Implications for Rehabilitation Selecting appropriate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) tools can prove difficult, with such a variety of them available, and each with varying content. ICF provides a standardised framework for the content assessment of HRQOL tools. Understanding the content of HRQOL tools can facilitate better tool selection and assist in the accurate assessment of @entity1 with @entity1643 .

title: Linking the Bournemouth Questionnaire for XXXX to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether English proficiency and/or the frequency of interpreter use impacts on health outcomes for @entity64 rehabilitation. METHOD: Study design: Retrospective case-control study. @entity1 : @entity1 admitted for @entity64 rehabilitation. A high English proficiency group comprised @entity1 with native or near native English proficiency (n   =   80), and a low English proficiency group comprised @entity1 who preferred a language other than English (n   =   80). OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of stay (LOS), discharge destination and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). RESULTS: The low English proficiency group showed a greater improvement in FIM from admission to discharge (p   =   0.04). No significant differences were found between groups in LOS, discharge destination and number of encounters with allied health professionals. Increased interpreter usage improved FIM efficiency but did not significantly alter other outcomes. CONCLUSION: English proficiency does not appear to impact on health outcomes in inpatient rehabilitation with a primarily in-house professional interpreter service. However, there is a need for a larger powered study to confirm these findings. Implications for rehabilitation @entity1 with low English proficiency undergoing @entity64 rehabilitation in a setting with a primarily in-house professional interpreter service, achieved similar outcomes to those with high English proficiency irrespective of frequency of interpreter usage. A non-significant increase of 4 days length of stay was observed in the low English proficiency group compared to the high English proficiency group. For @entity1 with low English proficiency, greater change in Functional Independence Measure efficiency scores was observed for those with higher levels of interpreter use relative to those with low interpreter use. Clinicians should optimise use of interpreters with @entity1 with low English proficiency when possible.

title: Does English proficiency impact on health outcomes for inpatients undergoing XXXX rehabilitation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['inpatient stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: A group of 554 @entity1 was studied to determine and compare the complications of combined preoperative radiation therapy with surgery and combined surgery with postoperative radiation therapy when used for treatment of @entity189 and inferior hypopharynx. The complications recorded were @entity281 , slough, carotid blowout, glottic insufficiency, pharyngeal stricture, @entity204 , @entity12391 , @entity292 , and margins of resection involved with @entity5 . The highest complication rates were in the partial laryngopharyngectomy-postoperative radiation group (63.6%) and in the supraglottic laryngectomy-postoperative radiation group (52.9%). Most of the increase in total complication rate was attributable to higher rates of glottic insufficiency and margins involved with @entity5 categories. The lowest complication rates were in the hemilaryngectomy with no radiation group (4.5%) and the total laryngectomy-postoperative radiation group (12.8%). The complication rate for the supraglottic laryngectomy-postoperative radiation group (52.9%) was significantly higher than for the preoperative radiation-supraglottic laryngectomy group (26.4%). Within the partial laryngopharyngectomy group, there was no significant difference in total complication rate between the use of preoperative (47.2%) or postoperative radiation (63.6%). Within the total laryngectomy group there was no significant difference between complication rates when either preoperative or postoperative radiation was employed. There was no significant difference in the rate of carotid blowout, @entity12391 , @entity204 , slough, or @entity292 , between preoperative or postoperative radiation in any of the surgical groups. In general, @entity1 with conservation surgery seem to tolerate postoperative radiation without a prohibitive increase in complications.

title: Complications of combined radiation therapy and surgery for XXXX and inferior hypopharynx.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the larynx']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['operative death']

entities_list: @entity12391 :: ('MESH:D013991', 'Disease') :: ['chondritis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the larynx']


abstract: AIM: To study predictive factors for @entity99 (TACE) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: Between November 2009 and August 2010, of 254 @entity1 with @entity157 who presented to our multidisciplinary @entity157 clinic for evaluation, 102 (40%) were amenable for TACE. In this prospective study, there were 102 @entity1 with compensated @entity82 with @entity157 and @entity1 -Pugh Class A @entity82 who underwent TACE at the National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Egypt. We excluded all @entity1 with prior locoregional therapy, systemic therapy and/or surgical intervention. At baseline and at 1   month postprocedure, laboratory criteria, @entity5 criteria (size, number) and @entity1 -Pugh score were recorded. @entity1 were classified into group 1 (no @entity1 -Pugh point increase after TACE) and group 2 (one or more added @entity1 -Pugh points after TACE, defining @entity99 ). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors predictive of @entity99 . RESULTS: @entity1 were mostly males (82.4%) of mean age 58.4  8.1   years. The only significant changes in laboratory findings at 1   month after TACE were increased international normalised ratio, serum total @entity648 , @entity3929 transaminase and aspartate transaminase and decreased serum albumin and a-fetoprotein (AFP). The statistically significant predictive factors for @entity99 using univariate analysis were found to be baseline lower serum albumin, higher serum a-fetoprotein, more @entity96 (BCLC) stage, larger @entity5 size and a greater number of @entity5 nodules; with logistic regression, multivariate analysis found that at baseline larger @entity5 size (p=0.004 at 95% CI), higher serum AFP (p=0.046 at 95% CI) and lower serum albumin (p=0.033 at 95% CI) predicted decompensation; BCLC stage, number of @entity5 nodules and pre-TACE @entity648 did not predict changes in liver function. CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum albumin and increased @entity5 burden (larger @entity5 size/more nodules and higher a-fetoprotein) at baseline may help predict post-TACE decompensation.

title: Predictors of XXXX after TACE for @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['advanced Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic decompensation after transarterial chemoembolisation', 'hepatic decompensation']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic decompensation']


abstract: AIM: To study predictive factors for @entity99 (TACE) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: Between November 2009 and August 2010, of 254 @entity1 with @entity157 who presented to our multidisciplinary @entity157 clinic for evaluation, 102 (40%) were amenable for TACE. In this prospective study, there were 102 @entity1 with compensated @entity82 with @entity157 and @entity1 -Pugh Class A @entity82 who underwent TACE at the National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Egypt. We excluded all @entity1 with prior locoregional therapy, systemic therapy and/or surgical intervention. At baseline and at 1   month postprocedure, laboratory criteria, @entity5 criteria (size, number) and @entity1 -Pugh score were recorded. @entity1 were classified into group 1 (no @entity1 -Pugh point increase after TACE) and group 2 (one or more added @entity1 -Pugh points after TACE, defining @entity99 ). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors predictive of @entity99 . RESULTS: @entity1 were mostly males (82.4%) of mean age 58.4  8.1   years. The only significant changes in laboratory findings at 1   month after TACE were increased international normalised ratio, serum total @entity648 , @entity3929 transaminase and aspartate transaminase and decreased serum albumin and a-fetoprotein (AFP). The statistically significant predictive factors for @entity99 using univariate analysis were found to be baseline lower serum albumin, higher serum a-fetoprotein, more @entity96 (BCLC) stage, larger @entity5 size and a greater number of @entity5 nodules; with logistic regression, multivariate analysis found that at baseline larger @entity5 size (p=0.004 at 95% CI), higher serum AFP (p=0.046 at 95% CI) and lower serum albumin (p=0.033 at 95% CI) predicted decompensation; BCLC stage, number of @entity5 nodules and pre-TACE @entity648 did not predict changes in liver function. CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum albumin and increased @entity5 burden (larger @entity5 size/more nodules and higher a-fetoprotein) at baseline may help predict post-TACE decompensation.

title: Predictors of @entity99 after TACE for XXXX .

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) magnetic-resonance-angiography (MRA) identifies vessel pathology in @entity66 . At 7.0T, the clinical performance of @entity1054 -MRA is constrained owing to radio frequency power deposition. We studied the diagnostic value of whole-brain MPRAGE-based MRA as an alternative imaging technique in comparison to the clinical standard 3.0T @entity1054 -MRA. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity64 and/or @entity7025 were included. @entity1054 -MRA was performed at 3.0T and MPRAGE-MRA at 7.0T. Two radiologists rated the MRAs independently for overall quality and local arterial segment visualization. The identification of steno-occlusive pathology was reported for each protocol. RESULTS: In 18 @entity1 (9 females; 6 @entity1 with moya-moya) 7.0T MPRAGE-MRA provided better overall image quality and better distinction of small structures compared to 3.0T @entity1054 -MRA. These findings were pronounced in the proximal segments of the anterior cerebral artery (A1), middle cerebral artery (M1, M2), posterior cerebral artery (P1) and the posterior communicating artery. Seven steno-occlusive findings were identified by both imaging protocols. CONCLUSIONS: For clinical studies using ultrahigh field MRI, 7.0T MPRAGE-MRA provides a suitable alternative to @entity1054 -MRA imaging to identify brain vessel pathology and yields simultaneous structural brain imaging within clinically feasible acquisition times.

title: Ultrahigh-field MPRAGE Magnetic Resonance Angiography at 7.0T in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['moya-moya disease']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'Time-of-flight']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) magnetic-resonance-angiography (MRA) identifies vessel pathology in @entity66 . At 7.0T, the clinical performance of @entity1054 -MRA is constrained owing to radio frequency power deposition. We studied the diagnostic value of whole-brain MPRAGE-based MRA as an alternative imaging technique in comparison to the clinical standard 3.0T @entity1054 -MRA. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity64 and/or @entity7025 were included. @entity1054 -MRA was performed at 3.0T and MPRAGE-MRA at 7.0T. Two radiologists rated the MRAs independently for overall quality and local arterial segment visualization. The identification of steno-occlusive pathology was reported for each protocol. RESULTS: In 18 @entity1 (9 females; 6 @entity1 with moya-moya) 7.0T MPRAGE-MRA provided better overall image quality and better distinction of small structures compared to 3.0T @entity1054 -MRA. These findings were pronounced in the proximal segments of the anterior cerebral artery (A1), middle cerebral artery (M1, M2), posterior cerebral artery (P1) and the posterior communicating artery. Seven steno-occlusive findings were identified by both imaging protocols. CONCLUSIONS: For clinical studies using ultrahigh field MRI, 7.0T MPRAGE-MRA provides a suitable alternative to @entity1054 -MRA imaging to identify brain vessel pathology and yields simultaneous structural brain imaging within clinically feasible acquisition times.

title: Ultrahigh-field MPRAGE Magnetic Resonance Angiography at 7.0T in XXXX with @entity66 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 28-year old male was admitted to Musashino Red Cross Hospital on June 21, 1975, because of symptoms of @entity428 and @entity76 . Thirteen months prior to admission he had a mild @entity221 , @entity400 of right arm, @entity10 , @entity390 and unsteady gait, but made a gradual recovery in about 40 days. A month prior to admission he had unsteady gate again wit @entity1296 , @entity3917 and lacrimation. Gait disturbance aggravated and he was admitted to another hospital, where he developed recent @entity2414 and cloudiness of @entity1662 . Spinal tap revealed initial pressure of 280 mm CSF. So a @entity66 possibly in the posterior fossa was suspected and the @entity1 was referred to the neurosurgical department of musashino Red Cross Hospital. On admission he was moderately disorientated and disturbed in recent memory. Wide based gait, horizontal and @entity346 were also noted. Angiography revealed rounding of the curve of the pericallosal artery but no space occupying lesions. External ventricular drainage was performed on July 25, 1975. After the operation, his orientation improved without change in @entity1296 , @entity2414 . Ventriculography showed @entity1276 with cisternography revealed a block at the basal cisterns. PPDs was negative and typical sarcoid tubercles were found in the biopsy specimen of the cervical lymphnode. Kveim test was positive. But repeated chest roentgenogram failed to show @entity3329 , or other changes consistent with @entity10070 . @entity134 therapy resulted in marked symptomatic improvement.

title: [A case of CNS sarcoidosis -case report of XXXX due to mechanical obstruction secondary to sarcoid granulomata at the outlet of the fourth ventricle (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disturbance', 'nystagmus and recent memory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['vertical nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: Two cases of @entity1050 or @entity1184 of the cerebellum are presented. This brings the total number of such cases reported in the literature to 42. Pathologically the disease is characterized by a circumscribed @entity76 consisting of thickening of the cortex with closely packed @entity4494 cells in the granular layer and with large myelinated axons in the molecular layer. Purkinje cells are missing and the central white matter is greatly reduced. The first @entity1 , a @entity1 39 years of age, had in association to the @entity76 , a @entity10389 brain (2320 g). He had suffered from @entity302 since he was 24-years-old and died with metastasizing @entity694 . An electron microscopic study of the @entity76 disclosed perikarya containing large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell processes filled with coated and dense core vesicles. In addition, there were numerous enlarged myelinated axons in the molecular layer. The second @entity1 , a @entity1 74 years of age, had a small area of @entity1184 of the left cerebellar hemisphere measuring one centimeter in diameter. Specific symptoms were very scant in the first case and absent in the second one indicating a very slow evolution - if any - of the disease process. The etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown. However, the organoid structure of the lesion, the frequent association of @entity4651 and other @entity154 , and the occurrence of familiar cases would favor the disease being basically a @entity245 .

title: XXXX ( @entity1184 of the cerebellum). Report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ['Lhermitte-Duclos disease']

entities_list: @entity10389 :: ('MESH:C536141', 'Disease') :: ['megalencephalic']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar lesion']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['megalencephaly']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity1050 :: (MESH:D006223,Disease) :: ['Lhermitte-Duclos disease']


abstract: Two cases of @entity1050 or @entity1184 of the cerebellum are presented. This brings the total number of such cases reported in the literature to 42. Pathologically the disease is characterized by a circumscribed @entity76 consisting of thickening of the cortex with closely packed @entity4494 cells in the granular layer and with large myelinated axons in the molecular layer. Purkinje cells are missing and the central white matter is greatly reduced. The first @entity1 , a @entity1 39 years of age, had in association to the @entity76 , a @entity10389 brain (2320 g). He had suffered from @entity302 since he was 24-years-old and died with metastasizing @entity694 . An electron microscopic study of the @entity76 disclosed perikarya containing large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell processes filled with coated and dense core vesicles. In addition, there were numerous enlarged myelinated axons in the molecular layer. The second @entity1 , a @entity1 74 years of age, had a small area of @entity1184 of the left cerebellar hemisphere measuring one centimeter in diameter. Specific symptoms were very scant in the first case and absent in the second one indicating a very slow evolution - if any - of the disease process. The etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown. However, the organoid structure of the lesion, the frequent association of @entity4651 and other @entity154 , and the occurrence of familiar cases would favor the disease being basically a @entity245 .

title: @entity1050 ( XXXX of the cerebellum). Report of two cases.

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['diffuse hypertrophy']


abstract: We conducted a pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on @entity5177 (CZOP), a new cephem antibiotic for injection. 1. Changes in serum levels of the agent after intravenous bolus injection at a dose of 20 mg/kg to 4 pediatric @entity1 (age: 5-10 years) were observed. The levels at 30 minutes after injection were 32.9-73.4 micrograms/ml average: 55.4 +/- 18.1 micrograms/ml), then the levels gradually decreased with half-lives of 1.67-2.24 hours (average: 1.85 +/- 0.27 hours) to 0.8-1.8 micrograms/ml (average: 1.2 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml) at 8 hours after injections. Urinary levels reached at the maximum as, 1,773-3,450 micrograms/ml (average: 2,693 +/- 698 micrograms/ml) within 0-2 hours or 2-4 hours after injection, and recovery rates from urine in the first 8 hours after injection were 55.4-91.1% (average: 71.6 +/- 16.8%). 2. Transition to cerebrospinal fluid was examined in cases with @entity693 and @entity5422 . In the @entity693 case, the level in cerebrospinal fluid 1 hour after administration was 8.8 micrograms/ml in the second day after the start of 4 times a day intravenous bolus injections with 42.5 mg/kg at each dose; The ratio of the drug level in cerebrospinal fluid to that in serum was 24.0%. In the @entity5422 , the levels in cerebrospinal fluid 1 hour after administrations were 1.1 micrograms/ml and 1.5 micrograms/ml in the second and the sixth days respectively, after the start of 4 times a day intravenous bolus injections with 50 mg/kg at each dose; the ratio of the levels in cerebrospinal fluid to those in sera were 0.93% and 2.41% respectively, at the second and the sixth day. 3. CZOP was clinically evaluated in 29 cases (ages: 2 months to 15 years) of pediatric @entity166 . The agent was administered 3-4 times daily with 17-50 mg/kg at each dose, continued for 5-13 days. Total doses were 1.95-24.05 g. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in a total of 28 cases (1 case of @entity693 , 2 cases of acute @entity5389 , 20 cases of @entity697 , 3 cases of @entity293 , 1 case of purulent @entity3298 in cervical part and 1 case of @entity2688 in face); The efficacies were "excellent" in 22 cases and "good" in 6 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of XXXX in the pediatric field].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity5177 :: ('MESH:C070918', 'Chemical') :: ['cefozopran']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis', 'aseptic meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['purulent tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['purulent meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity5177 :: (MESH:C070918,Chemical) :: ['cefozopran']


abstract: The comparison of the in vitro-susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from the oral cavity of different groups of @entity1 to @entity2380 ist reported. The isolates of @entity645 - @entity1 treated with @entity2380 , @entity645 - @entity1 and dermatological @entity1 without @entity2380 exposure were investigated. The in vitro-susceptibility of these isolates was determined by microdilution test and agar diffusion test. 88.7% of the 194 Candida isolates were susceptible in vitro, 6.7% less sensitive and 4.6% resistant to @entity2380 . Comparing the susceptibility within the groups there was a higher number of isolates less sensitive (14.7%) and resistant (11.8%) to @entity2380 in the group of @entity645 - @entity1 treated with @entity2380 than in the other 2 groups without treatment. The less sensitive isolates were 4 @entity5132 and 6 @entity7408 . The resistant isolates were 2 @entity5132 , 2 @entity7408 and 4 C. krusei. In the group of @entity645 - @entity1 without @entity2380 exposure there were only 2.7% of the isolates less sensitive (2 @entity7408 ) and 1.4% resistant to @entity2380 (1 @entity7408 ). In dermatological @entity1 there were 2% of the isolates less sensitive (2 @entity7408 ) and no resistant isolate. Resistance both in vivo and in vitro was found in 2 @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX sensitivity of Candida strains in vitro in the microdilution test and agar diffusion test].

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['Fluconazole']


abstract: Sixteen @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1779 due to @entity5 are discussed. The total number of @entity1 with @entity5 treated in the period concerned was 594, so the incidence of @entity5 @entity548 was 2.7%. In most of the @entity1 we found metastatic @entity5 (n = 6) and @entity463 (n = 3). All @entity1 were acute admissions. Seven were @entity772 , seven were somnolent, and two @entity1 were alert. In ten @entity1 the @entity548 represented the first reliable clinical sign. In six @entity1 a @entity5 disease was known. Fourteen @entity1 were operated on. Six @entity1 died. Extensive neuro-radiological examination is very important, particularly since 30% of these acute intracerebral @entity548 occur in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: [Intracerebral hematoma as an acute manifestation of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tumour', 'benign intracranial tumours', 'intracranial tumours', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haematoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intracranial tumors']


abstract: Changes of FHR long term variability (LTV) were studied in four groups of @entity1 under different types of @entity1337 . The LTV was evaluated according to our visual criteria in each episode of more than one minute of duration on baseline fetal heart rate level between contractions. In the balanced anesthesia group incidence of the episodes with LTV decreased significantly after the administration of @entity3175 and @entity11961 (64%-30%), further decreasing after the injection of @entity71215 , but it increased to some degree within 20 min. before delivery. In the epidural group the change of LTV was mild, but the LTV decreased after each administration of 0.25% @entity1341 (58%-44%-36%). It is also showed mild increase within 20 min. before delivery. @entity393 was persistently noted until the end of labor from 20-40 min. after the administration of @entity3175 and @entity12586 in the modified NLA group. The change in paracervical block group was quite different from the other groups. The incidence of episodes with LTV was increased after the injection of 1% @entity3303 (35%-41%). There was no significant different of blood gas and acid-base balance among four types of @entity1337 .

title: [FHR long term variability under various obstetrics XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity71215 :: ('MESH:C003079', 'Chemical') :: ['Pethilorfan']

entities_list: @entity11961 :: ('MESH:D008733', 'Chemical') :: ['Methoxyflurane']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam']

entities_list: @entity12586 :: ('MESH:D010423', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentazocine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['Bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine Hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of variability']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of @entity1522 were measured in 18 fasting adult subjects (9 male, 9 female) administered abuse doses of @entity14006 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 500 ml orange juice. Six subjects were studied at each dose. Plasma @entity492 concentrations increased significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) over baseline values after ingestion of each dose. However, the increase was small in each case, and maximal levels observed were below those noted postprandially in formula-fed @entity1 . No significant changes (p greater than 0.05) were noted in erythrocyte @entity2227 , or erythrocyte @entity492 concentrations after any dose. Plasma @entity815 concentrations increased significantly over fasting concentrations (p less than 0.01) from 15 min to 6 h after each dose, and the increase was proportional to dose. Mean (+/- SD) peak plasma @entity815 concentrations were 20.3 +/- 2.03, 35.1 +/- 11.3, and 48.7 +/- 15.5 mumol/dl, respectively, after @entity14006 doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. Erythrocyte @entity815 concentrations showed similar changes. Although these @entity815 concentrations are considerably above the normal postprandial range (12 +/- 3 mumol/dl), they are below values associated with toxic findings. These data indicate little risk to normal subjects from excessive @entity492 or @entity815 levels after ingestion of single abuse loads of @entity14006 .

title: Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of free XXXX in adult @entity1 administered abuse doses of @entity14006 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity14006 :: ('MESH:D001218', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartame']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of @entity1522 were measured in 18 fasting adult subjects (9 male, 9 female) administered abuse doses of @entity14006 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 500 ml orange juice. Six subjects were studied at each dose. Plasma @entity492 concentrations increased significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) over baseline values after ingestion of each dose. However, the increase was small in each case, and maximal levels observed were below those noted postprandially in formula-fed @entity1 . No significant changes (p greater than 0.05) were noted in erythrocyte @entity2227 , or erythrocyte @entity492 concentrations after any dose. Plasma @entity815 concentrations increased significantly over fasting concentrations (p less than 0.01) from 15 min to 6 h after each dose, and the increase was proportional to dose. Mean (+/- SD) peak plasma @entity815 concentrations were 20.3 +/- 2.03, 35.1 +/- 11.3, and 48.7 +/- 15.5 mumol/dl, respectively, after @entity14006 doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. Erythrocyte @entity815 concentrations showed similar changes. Although these @entity815 concentrations are considerably above the normal postprandial range (12 +/- 3 mumol/dl), they are below values associated with toxic findings. These data indicate little risk to normal subjects from excessive @entity492 or @entity815 levels after ingestion of single abuse loads of @entity14006 .

title: Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of free @entity1522 in adult @entity1 administered abuse doses of XXXX .

answer: @entity14006 :: (MESH:D001218,Chemical) :: ['aspartame']


abstract: Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of @entity1522 were measured in 18 fasting adult subjects (9 male, 9 female) administered abuse doses of @entity14006 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 500 ml orange juice. Six subjects were studied at each dose. Plasma @entity492 concentrations increased significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) over baseline values after ingestion of each dose. However, the increase was small in each case, and maximal levels observed were below those noted postprandially in formula-fed @entity1 . No significant changes (p greater than 0.05) were noted in erythrocyte @entity2227 , or erythrocyte @entity492 concentrations after any dose. Plasma @entity815 concentrations increased significantly over fasting concentrations (p less than 0.01) from 15 min to 6 h after each dose, and the increase was proportional to dose. Mean (+/- SD) peak plasma @entity815 concentrations were 20.3 +/- 2.03, 35.1 +/- 11.3, and 48.7 +/- 15.5 mumol/dl, respectively, after @entity14006 doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. Erythrocyte @entity815 concentrations showed similar changes. Although these @entity815 concentrations are considerably above the normal postprandial range (12 +/- 3 mumol/dl), they are below values associated with toxic findings. These data indicate little risk to normal subjects from excessive @entity492 or @entity815 levels after ingestion of single abuse loads of @entity14006 .

title: Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of free @entity1522 in adult XXXX administered abuse doses of @entity14006 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: A method of quantifying the risk of complication following penetrating @entity1661 is described. A @entity130 index score was calculated by assigning a risk factor (1-5) to each organ injured and then multiplying this by a severity of injury estimate (1-5). The sum of the individual organ scores comprised the final penetrating @entity130 index (P.A.T.I.). A consecutive series from 1975 to 1979 of 108 @entity12967 wounds and 114 gunshot wounds to the abdomen requiring laparotomy were analyzed by this scheme. Only @entity1 surviving 24 hours postoperatively were evaluated. Gunshot wounds resulted in P.A.T.I. scores greater than 25 in 39 (34%) of the @entity1 . This was associated with a 46% complication rate and contrasted to a 7% incidence when the P.A.T.I. was equal to or less than 25. Following abdominal stab wounds six (6%) of the @entity1 had P.A.T.I. scores exceeding 25. Complications developed in 50% of this group compared to 5% when the P.A.T.I. was less than 25. Using the P.A.T.I., we conclude that gunshot victims are more likely to need @entity130 center treatment than those with stab wounds. The P.A.T.I. also might facilitate cost analysis of @entity130 care. The ability to assess effects of @entity1 age, sex, amount of @entity190 , duration of @entity1457 , and metabolic response to injury might further enhance the therapeutic implications in both penetrating and blunt @entity1661 .

title: Penetrating XXXX index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12967 :: ('MESH:D051270', 'Disease') :: ['isolated stab']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic shock']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Texture patterns of hepatic @entity82 are one of the important biomarkers to diagnose and classify @entity409 from initial to end stage on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) images. @entity146 ( @entity146 ) of @entity1575 using texture features has become popular in recent research advances. To date, however, properly selecting effective texture features and image parameters is still mostly undetermined and not well-defined. In this study, different types of datasets acquired from CT and MR images are investigated to select the optimal parameters and features for the proper classification of @entity82 . METHODS: A total of 149 @entity1 were scanned by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) and 218 @entity1 were scanned using 1.5T and 3T superconducting MR scanners for an abdominal examination. All cases were verified by needle biopsies as the gold standard of our experiment, ranging from 0 (no @entity82 ) to 5 ( @entity82 ). For each case, at least four sequenced phase images are acquired by CT or MR scanners: pre-contrast, arterial, portal venous and equilibrium phase. For both imaging modalities, 15 texture features calculated from gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) are extracted within an ROI in liver as one set of input vectors. Each combination of these input subsets is checked by using support vector machine (SVM) with leave-one-case-out method to differentiate @entity82 into two groups: non- @entity82 or @entity82 . In addition, 10 ROIs in the liver are manually selected in a disperse manner by experienced radiologist from each sequenced image and each of the 15 features are averaged across the 10 ROIs for each case to reduce the validation time. The number of input items is selected from the various combinations of 15 features, from which the @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) is calculated by counting the percentage of correct answers on each combination of features aggregated to determine a liver stage score and then compared to the gold standard. RESULTS: According to the @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) calculated from each combination, the optimal number of texture features to classify liver @entity82 degree ranges from 4 to 7, no matter which modality was utilized. The overall performance calculated by the average sum of maximum @entity1168 value of all 15 features is 66.83% in CT images, while 68.14%, and 71.98% in MR images, respectively; among the 15 texture features, mean gray value and entropy are the most commonly used features in all 3 imaging datasets. The correlation feature has the lowest @entity1168 value and was removed as an effective feature in all datasets. @entity1168 value tends to increase with the injection of contrast agency, and both CT and MR images reach the highest @entity1168 performance during the equilibrium phase. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing the accuracy of classification with two imaging modalities, the MR images have an advantage over CT images with regards to @entity1168 performance of the 15 selected texture features, while 3T MRI is better than 1.5T MRI to classify liver @entity82 . Finally, the texture analysis is more effective during equilibrium phase than in any of the other phased images.

title: Effective staging of XXXX by the selected texture features of liver: Which one is better, CT or MR imaging?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Computer-aided diagnosis', 'CAD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['accuracy rate', 'AR']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Methods currently used to analyse @entity690 caused by @entity5 such as @entity1582 and metastatic @entity0 vary from basic 2-D X-ray analysis to 2-D images of micro-CT datasets analysed with non-specialised image software such as ImageJ. However, these methods have significant limitations. They do not capture 3-D data, they are time-consuming and they often suffer from inter-user variability. We therefore sought to develop a rapid and reproducible method to analyse 3-D @entity690 in @entity19 with @entity3478 . To this end, we have developed Osteolytica, an image analysis software method featuring an easy to use, step-by-step interface to measure @entity79 . Osteolytica utilises novel graphics card acceleration (parallel computing) and 3-D rendering to provide rapid reconstruction and analysis of @entity690 . To evaluate the use of Osteolytica we analysed tibial micro-CT datasets from @entity19 models of @entity3478 and compared the results to those obtained using a standard ImageJ analysis method. Firstly, to assess inter-user variability we deployed four independent researchers to analyse tibial datasets from the U266-NSG @entity19 model of @entity1582 . Using ImageJ, inter-user variability between the bones was substantial (  19.6%), in contrast to using Osteolytica, which demonstrated minimal variability (  0.5%). Secondly, tibial datasets from U266-bearing NSG @entity19 or BALB/c @entity19 injected with the metastatic @entity0 cell line 4T1 were compared to tibial datasets from aged and sex-matched @entity5 control @entity19 . Analyses by both Osteolytica and ImageJ showed significant @entity79 area in tumour-bearing @entity19 compared to control @entity19 . These results confirm that Osteolytica performs as well as the current 2-D ImageJ osteolytic lesion analysis method. However, Osteolytica is advantageous in that it analyses over the entirety of the bone volume (as opposed to selected 2-D images), it is a more rapid method and it has less user variability.

title: Osteolytica: An automated image analysis software package that rapidly measures XXXX in in vivo models with greater reproducibility compared to other commonly used methods.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-induced bone disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-tumour', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['increases in bone lesion', 'lytic bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer-induced osteolytic lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ) slows the progression of @entity62 ( @entity62 ) in older @entity1 . DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a 52-week randomized controlled trial of @entity3013 , the Brain Power Study. SETTING: Community center and research center. @entity1 : Of 155 community-dwelling @entity1 aged 65 to 75 enrolled in the Brain Power Study, 54 who had evidence of @entity62 on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline were included in this secondary analysis. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomized to once-weekly @entity3013 (1* @entity3013 ), twice-weekly @entity3013 (2* @entity3013 ), or twice-weekly balance and tone (BAT). Assessors were blinded to @entity1 assignments. MEASUREMENTS: WML volume was measured using MRI at baseline and trial completion. RESULTS: At trial completion, the 2* @entity3013 group had significantly lower WML volume than the BAT group (P  =  .03). There was no significant difference between the BAT group and the 1* @entity3013 group at trial completion (P  =  .77). Among @entity1 in the two @entity3013 groups, reduced WML progression over 12  months was significantly associated with maintenance of gait speed (correlation coefficient (r)  =  -0.31, P  =  .049) but not with executive functions (r  =  0.30; P  =  .06). CONCLUSION: Engaging in progressive @entity3013 may reduce WML progression.

title: Resistance Training and White Matter Lesion Progression in Older XXXX : Exploratory Analysis of a 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'WMLs']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'resistance training']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: Ranging behavior is an important element of how nonhuman primates obtain sufficient resources to ensure biological maintenance and reproductive success. As most primates live in permanent social groups, group members must balance the benefits of group living with the costs of intragroup competition for resources. One way to mitigate the cost of intragroup feeding competition is to increase foraging-related travel, thereby increasing the number of patches visited. As a result we might expect home range size to increase as a function of group size. On the other hand, for perennially territorial species, ranging behavior may be constrained by the ranging requirements of territorial defense or by the location of neighboring territories, which would result in long-term stability in the size and location of a group's home range. In this study, we examined changes in range-use characteristics in one well-habituated group of @entity32093 ( @entity32093 ) during three study periods over a 10-year span. Group size changed from five members, two adults, two juveniles, and one @entity1 , in 1994, to two adults in 2002, and to three adults and one sub-adult in 2004. Despite inter-annual changes in core area use we found that home range location was highly stable across years. Nevertheless, home range size was larger and daily path length significantly longer in 2002 relative to 1994 when a dependent @entity1 was present in the group. The percentage of time adults spent resting was also significantly greater in 1994 when the @entity1 was present. These findings highlight the importance of considering group composition, in addition to group size, when evaluating the determinants of ranging behavior. We also consider the influence of individual and shared knowledge on home range stability.

title: Long-term home range use in XXXX ( @entity32093 ) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand.

entities_list: @entity32093 :: ('9580', 'Species') :: ['Hylobates lar', 'white-handed gibbons']

answer: @entity32093 :: (9580,Species) :: ['white-handed gibbons']


abstract: Ranging behavior is an important element of how nonhuman primates obtain sufficient resources to ensure biological maintenance and reproductive success. As most primates live in permanent social groups, group members must balance the benefits of group living with the costs of intragroup competition for resources. One way to mitigate the cost of intragroup feeding competition is to increase foraging-related travel, thereby increasing the number of patches visited. As a result we might expect home range size to increase as a function of group size. On the other hand, for perennially territorial species, ranging behavior may be constrained by the ranging requirements of territorial defense or by the location of neighboring territories, which would result in long-term stability in the size and location of a group's home range. In this study, we examined changes in range-use characteristics in one well-habituated group of @entity32093 ( @entity32093 ) during three study periods over a 10-year span. Group size changed from five members, two adults, two juveniles, and one @entity1 , in 1994, to two adults in 2002, and to three adults and one sub-adult in 2004. Despite inter-annual changes in core area use we found that home range location was highly stable across years. Nevertheless, home range size was larger and daily path length significantly longer in 2002 relative to 1994 when a dependent @entity1 was present in the group. The percentage of time adults spent resting was also significantly greater in 1994 when the @entity1 was present. These findings highlight the importance of considering group composition, in addition to group size, when evaluating the determinants of ranging behavior. We also consider the influence of individual and shared knowledge on home range stability.

title: Long-term home range use in @entity32093 ( XXXX ) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand.

answer: @entity32093 :: (9580,Species) :: ['Hylobates lar']


abstract: Renal function in 31 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity712 (NYHA Classes II-III) was studied before and during treatment with @entity1289 -inhibitors. Maximal treatment doses were based on randomization: @entity3371 3 x 12.5 mg or @entity3593 or @entity4688 , both 1 x 10 mg. Before therapy and at the end of titration phase (after 6 days) glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were determined from inulin and PAH clearance (steady-state method). In the total study group the median arterial pressure significantly decreased from 94 mmHg to 84 mmHg (p < 0.01), whereas glomerular filtration rate was only moderately, however, significantly reduced from 103 ml/min to 97 ml/min (median values, p < 0.01). Renal blood flow, however, increased from 372 ml/min to 403 ml/min (p < 0.01). Changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFRd) were significantly dependent on those of renal blood flow (GFRd = 0.07 RPFd - 9.2; p < 0.05). All three @entity1289 -inhibitors showed similar changes in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. Ten of the @entity1 had additionally received cyclooxygenase inhibitors. With respect to severity of @entity712 and renal function these @entity1 did not differ from the remaining 21 @entity1 of the group. In both groups, a decrease of glomerular filtration rate was found, however, in those @entity1 who had received @entity117 there was no @entity101 . CONCLUSION: A small, however significant decrease of glomerular filtration rate is already seen in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity712 treated with @entity1289 -inhibitors. Increase of renal blood flow counteracts the decrease of glomerular filtration rate. During concomitant application of @entity117 the @entity101 remains absent.

title: [Therapy with @entity1289 inhibitors in chronic XXXX and limited kidney function].

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase of renal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Renal function in 31 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity712 (NYHA Classes II-III) was studied before and during treatment with @entity1289 -inhibitors. Maximal treatment doses were based on randomization: @entity3371 3 x 12.5 mg or @entity3593 or @entity4688 , both 1 x 10 mg. Before therapy and at the end of titration phase (after 6 days) glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were determined from inulin and PAH clearance (steady-state method). In the total study group the median arterial pressure significantly decreased from 94 mmHg to 84 mmHg (p < 0.01), whereas glomerular filtration rate was only moderately, however, significantly reduced from 103 ml/min to 97 ml/min (median values, p < 0.01). Renal blood flow, however, increased from 372 ml/min to 403 ml/min (p < 0.01). Changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFRd) were significantly dependent on those of renal blood flow (GFRd = 0.07 RPFd - 9.2; p < 0.05). All three @entity1289 -inhibitors showed similar changes in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. Ten of the @entity1 had additionally received cyclooxygenase inhibitors. With respect to severity of @entity712 and renal function these @entity1 did not differ from the remaining 21 @entity1 of the group. In both groups, a decrease of glomerular filtration rate was found, however, in those @entity1 who had received @entity117 there was no @entity101 . CONCLUSION: A small, however significant decrease of glomerular filtration rate is already seen in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity712 treated with @entity1289 -inhibitors. Increase of renal blood flow counteracts the decrease of glomerular filtration rate. During concomitant application of @entity117 the @entity101 remains absent.

title: [Therapy with XXXX inhibitors in chronic @entity712 and limited kidney function].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: Scientific methods and models are interdependent. That the techniques one uses determine which findings one gets, is evident. But equally important is the influence of our a priori expectations; they may cause us to choose inadvertently those methods that are most likely to yield results that appear to confirm an already preconceived picture of reality. The conceptual models and methods of @entity5 cytogenetics are to a large extent inherited from @entity1778 and @entity706 cytogenetics. We illustrate how this may bias the generation and interpretation of new findings, especially when @entity189 are investigated. These @entity189 much more often harbor cytogenetically unrelated clones than do hematologic or @entity361 . @entity189 cytogenetics is therefore extremely susceptible to selection differences, making the results heavily dependent on which sample is processed, how it is disaggregated, how and for how long the cells are cultured, and on how the analysis is performed and the results presented. This calls for more efforts to be directed toward establishing also the phenotypic nature of those cells that are being karyotyped. As one cannot yet quality-grade most clonal chromosome changes in any reliable manner, meaning that one cannot determine to what extent each aberration or each clone contributes to the @entity5 , statements about the "true" karyotypes of @entity5 parenchymas should be viewed with suspicion. A complete @entity189 karyotype may be much more complex than extrapolations from the analysis of a few cells may lead one to believe.

title: Interrelationship between methodological choices and conceptual models in XXXX cytogenetics.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic process', 'solid tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'malignant epithelial tumors', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['solid tumor']


abstract: Tumorigenesis is a multistep genetic process requiring several somatic mutations for @entity5 . These mutations appear to be sequential, random, and independent events. However, we find linked, nonrandom ras mutations occurring during @entity1978 -induced @entity105 months after exposure to the carcinogen had ceased. The carcinogen had been topically applied to the oral cavity of CBA @entity19 for 4 to 16 weeks. @entity1141 developed after 24 weeks, and @entity189 in situ and @entity957 developed after 28 weeks. @entity11517 mutations were detected in 13 of 25 tissue specimens (10 of 14 invasive @entity189 in situ, 1 of 5 @entity6349 tissue, and 0 of 2 normal tissues). Approximately one-half of the @entity5 had G to A point mutations at codon 12 of the cellular @entity11517 proto-oncogene on @entity19 chromosome 7. None had codon 11, 13, or 61 mutations. Loss of heterozygosity occurred in 5 of 14 invasive @entity5 . @entity957 consistently lost the wild-type allele, whereas @entity1613 and small @entity5 were heterozygous for ras. This suggests a causal relationship between carcinogen treatment, @entity11517 activation, and initiation of @entity105 . The wild-type allele in @entity19 chromosome 7 is lost with the progression of @entity105 long after exposure to the carcinogen. Thus, loss of heterozygosity of the ras gene appears to occur without multiple carcinogen-induced mutations, i.e., as a result of a cascade of events induced by an earlier ras mutation.

title: @entity11517 ( @entity11517 ) point mutations are induced by @entity1978 in @entity19 oral squamous epithelia, XXXX and loss of heterozygosity occur without additional exposure.

entities_list: @entity1978 :: ('MESH:D015112', 'Chemical') :: ['4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'neoplastic transformation', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'Larger invasive squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas and 2 of 4 carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['Dysplasia']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['while squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: Tumorigenesis is a multistep genetic process requiring several somatic mutations for @entity5 . These mutations appear to be sequential, random, and independent events. However, we find linked, nonrandom ras mutations occurring during @entity1978 -induced @entity105 months after exposure to the carcinogen had ceased. The carcinogen had been topically applied to the oral cavity of CBA @entity19 for 4 to 16 weeks. @entity1141 developed after 24 weeks, and @entity189 in situ and @entity957 developed after 28 weeks. @entity11517 mutations were detected in 13 of 25 tissue specimens (10 of 14 invasive @entity189 in situ, 1 of 5 @entity6349 tissue, and 0 of 2 normal tissues). Approximately one-half of the @entity5 had G to A point mutations at codon 12 of the cellular @entity11517 proto-oncogene on @entity19 chromosome 7. None had codon 11, 13, or 61 mutations. Loss of heterozygosity occurred in 5 of 14 invasive @entity5 . @entity957 consistently lost the wild-type allele, whereas @entity1613 and small @entity5 were heterozygous for ras. This suggests a causal relationship between carcinogen treatment, @entity11517 activation, and initiation of @entity105 . The wild-type allele in @entity19 chromosome 7 is lost with the progression of @entity105 long after exposure to the carcinogen. Thus, loss of heterozygosity of the ras gene appears to occur without multiple carcinogen-induced mutations, i.e., as a result of a cascade of events induced by an earlier ras mutation.

title: XXXX ( @entity11517 ) point mutations are induced by @entity1978 in @entity19 oral squamous epithelia, @entity957 and loss of heterozygosity occur without additional exposure.

answer: @entity11517 :: (15461(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Harvey ras']