abstract: @entity3010 ( @entity3010 ) is a very common disorder. It is diagnosed by excluding other disorders, including psychopathology, and with use of a menstrual diary. Although the cause of @entity3010 remains unknown, treatment is usually effective. For the majority of @entity1 , reassurance, dietary changes, and regular exercise are all that is necessary. If this is ineffective, @entity2245 and, if indicated, @entity270 or @entity17562 should be added to the regimen. If therapy still is not effective, a diuretic (preferably @entity1482 [ @entity1482 ]) or natural @entity1420 should be added. This may also be done during the three to six months required for dietary therapy to achieve maximum effectiveness. Diuretics are less expensive, easier to use, and easier to obtain than natural @entity1420 , which is not widely available. If oral contraceptives are desirable for the @entity1 , progestin-dominant pills may be tried instead of a diuretic or natural @entity1420 . For those @entity1 whose symptoms are resistant to all of the aforementioned therapy, @entity2847 ( @entity2847 ) or @entity1872 ( @entity1872 ) can be added to the regimen; these drugs, however, should be prescribed only by practitioners experienced in their use.

title: XXXX . Tactics for intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['Parlodel', 'bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1872 :: ('MESH:D003613', 'Chemical') :: ['Danocrine', 'danazol']

entities_list: @entity17562 :: ('MESH:D019287', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'Premenstrual syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone', 'Aldactone']

answer: @entity3010 :: (MESH:D011293,Disease) :: ['Premenstrual syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of @entity6100 ( @entity6100 ) for noncompliance with treatment in @entity1 with @entity378 ( @entity378 ) in Pontevedra. METHODS: We performed a descriptive analysis of @entity1 with @entity378 and @entity6100 diagnosed between 1996 and 2002. A @entity1 was considered as having @entity6100 if he or she was socially isolated ( @entity988 , intravenous drug use, prison inmate, @entity6100 ) or was an immigrant. The prevalence, annual trend of @entity6100 and @entity1 outcomes were calculated. The influence of direct observation of treatment administration on the outcome of @entity1 with @entity6100 was also analyzed. RESULTS: Of 775 @entity1 with @entity378 , 156 (20.1%) had at least one @entity6100 . Eighty-six @entity1 were alcoholic, 41 were intravenous drug users, 24 were immigrants, 11 were homeless, 11 showed @entity6100 and 10 were prison inmates. The presence of @entity6100 among @entity378 @entity1 showed no tendency to increase or decrease during the study period, except for the increasing number of immigrants (chi 2 for lineal tendency = 12.24; p = 0.005). Final outcomes were significantly better in @entity1 without @entity6100 (90.4 vs 70.8% of satisfactory final outcomes; p < 0.001). Direct observation of treatment did not increase satisfactory outcomes in @entity1 with @entity6100 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity378 and @entity6100 have a significantly higher proportion of unsatisfactory final outcomes. The presence of @entity6100 is relatively low in our environment. The number of immigrants from countries with a high prevalence of @entity378 shows an incipient tendency to increase. This finding should be taken into account to achieve better control of the disease.

title: [Social risk factors for noncompliance with XXXX treatment in Pontevedra [Spain]].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['homelessness or social maladjustment', 'SRF', 'social risk factors', 'social maladjustment']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: The symptomatic effect of @entity4444 was examined in 27 @entity1 with non- @entity1066 (NUD) by means of a multi-cross-over model (MCO model) for testing the symptomatic effect of drugs in individual @entity1 . None of the @entity1 showed an @entity1066 at the time, but 20 @entity1 had evidence of previous @entity10189 . The variant of the MCO model used included six treatment periods and three regular interchanges between @entity4444 and placebo. Treatment periods lasted 2 or 4 days. The individual results were evaluated on the basis of the number of times (X score) @entity4444 was associated with less symptoms than the preceding or following placebo. In general, @entity4444 was associated with significantly (p less than 0.02) less symptoms than placebo. The X-score distribution was therefore skew in favour of high scores. Five @entity1 showed the maximal X score of 5. The chance of getting an X score of 5 when @entity4444 is not better than placebo is about 9%. Accordingly, the risk of being wrong when defining these five @entity1 as @entity4444 responders is 9%. The present study confirms that the MCO model may identify individual @entity4444 responders among @entity1 with NUD.

title: The effect of @entity4444 in non- XXXX . Experience with a multi-cross-over model.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer dyspepsia']


abstract: The symptomatic effect of @entity4444 was examined in 27 @entity1 with non- @entity1066 (NUD) by means of a multi-cross-over model (MCO model) for testing the symptomatic effect of drugs in individual @entity1 . None of the @entity1 showed an @entity1066 at the time, but 20 @entity1 had evidence of previous @entity10189 . The variant of the MCO model used included six treatment periods and three regular interchanges between @entity4444 and placebo. Treatment periods lasted 2 or 4 days. The individual results were evaluated on the basis of the number of times (X score) @entity4444 was associated with less symptoms than the preceding or following placebo. In general, @entity4444 was associated with significantly (p less than 0.02) less symptoms than placebo. The X-score distribution was therefore skew in favour of high scores. Five @entity1 showed the maximal X score of 5. The chance of getting an X score of 5 when @entity4444 is not better than placebo is about 9%. Accordingly, the risk of being wrong when defining these five @entity1 as @entity4444 responders is 9%. The present study confirms that the MCO model may identify individual @entity4444 responders among @entity1 with NUD.

title: The effect of XXXX in non- @entity1066 . Experience with a multi-cross-over model.

answer: @entity4444 :: (MESH:D002927,Chemical) :: ['cimetidine']


abstract: The most effective treatment for @entity259 ( @entity259 ) invading into the larynx and @entity825 is a complete surgical resection of the @entity5 , but currently employed techniques are less than ideal. We report a novel surgical technique, which we named Windmill resection and Tetris reconstruction, for @entity1 with @entity259 invading into the laryngeal lumen. We treated eight cases of @entity259 with invasion into the laryngeal lumen by Windmill resection and Tetris reconstruction. We analyzed complications, clinical data, and pathological findings for all @entity1 . @entity1 included one @entity1 and seven @entity1 (mean age 69        10  years). Histopathology of @entity259 indicated @entity5 in five @entity1 , poorly differentiated @entity5 in one @entity1 , @entity5 in one @entity1 , and @entity957 in one @entity1 . Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy was confirmed preoperatively by laryngoscope in four @entity1 , and none had @entity3746 . All @entity1 underwent Windmill resection and Tetris reconstruction along with total thyroidectomy (three @entity1 ), subtotal thyroidectomy (three @entity1 ), and lobectomy (two @entity1 ). Neck dissection was performed in all @entity1 . The average resected length of the larynx and @entity825 was 29        6  mm. Air leakage at the suture line occurred in three @entity1 ; two required further surgery, while the third was closed by insertion of a Penrose drain. @entity86 occurred in five @entity1 . Aspiration was observed in two @entity1 and resolved within 4  weeks. @entity55 , @entity891 , and @entity1143 occurred in some @entity1 . No other complications, including @entity548 , @entity2737 , or airway stenosis, occurred. There was no postoperative mortality and no recurrence at the anastomotic site. Two @entity1 underwent permanent tracheostomy due to permanent @entity3746 . Two @entity1 , one with @entity5 and the other with poorly differentiated @entity5 , recurred 13 and 21  months after surgery, while @entity1 with @entity3557 had no local recurrence. Importantly, laryngeal functions such as phonation and swallowing were preserved in all @entity1 . This novel surgical technique may be as effective as window resection of the larynx for local control of @entity259 and contributes to the quality of life of @entity1 by resulting in a less unsightly surgical wound.

title: A Novel Surgical Technique for XXXX with Intra-Cricotracheal Invasion: Windmill Resection and Tetris Reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic cancer', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'papillary cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative RLN palsy']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral RLN palsy']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['TC', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid Cancer']


abstract: In the fifty years since Ogden @entity12089 , more than 100 additional @entity465 have been described. These disorders may involve one or more components of the immune system, including T, B, and NK lymphocytes; phagocytic cells; and complement proteins. Most are recessive traits, some of which are caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome, others in genes on autosomal chromosomes. Until the past decade, there was little insight into the fundamental problems underlying a majority of these conditions. Many of the primary @entity1200 have now been mapped to specific chromosomal locations, and the fundamental biologic errors have been identified in more than 3 dozen. Within the past decade the molecular bases of 7 X-linked @entity1200 have been reported: X-linked immunodeficiency with Hyper IgM, @entity1071 , @entity12089 , X-linked severe @entity465 , the @entity17454 , nuclear factor kappaB essential modulator ( @entity10190 or @entity10190 ), and the @entity72653 . The abnormal genes in @entity1117 ( @entity1117 ) and @entity61363 had been identified several years earlier. In addition, there are now many @entity74 for which the molecular bases have been discovered. These new advances will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on the @entity358 of some of these diseases. In some cases there are unique features of @entity358 in specific defects. Infections obviously account for most of these complications, but the host reaction to infection often leads to characteristic findings that can be helpful diagnostically. Finally, advances in treatment of the underlying diseases as well as their infectious complications will be covered.

title: @entity358 of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12089 :: ('MESH:C537409', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked agammaglobulinemia', 'Bruton discovered agammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity17454 :: ('MESH:D014923', 'Disease') :: ['Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']

entities_list: @entity61363 :: ('MESH:C564075', 'Disease') :: ['properdin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity72653 :: ('MESH:C580192', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy (IPEX) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency syndromes', 'combined immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency disorders', 'immunodeficiency diseases']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications', 'lung abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive immunodeficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked chronic granulomatous disease', 'CGD']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiencies']


abstract: In the fifty years since Ogden @entity12089 , more than 100 additional @entity465 have been described. These disorders may involve one or more components of the immune system, including T, B, and NK lymphocytes; phagocytic cells; and complement proteins. Most are recessive traits, some of which are caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome, others in genes on autosomal chromosomes. Until the past decade, there was little insight into the fundamental problems underlying a majority of these conditions. Many of the primary @entity1200 have now been mapped to specific chromosomal locations, and the fundamental biologic errors have been identified in more than 3 dozen. Within the past decade the molecular bases of 7 X-linked @entity1200 have been reported: X-linked immunodeficiency with Hyper IgM, @entity1071 , @entity12089 , X-linked severe @entity465 , the @entity17454 , nuclear factor kappaB essential modulator ( @entity10190 or @entity10190 ), and the @entity72653 . The abnormal genes in @entity1117 ( @entity1117 ) and @entity61363 had been identified several years earlier. In addition, there are now many @entity74 for which the molecular bases have been discovered. These new advances will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on the @entity358 of some of these diseases. In some cases there are unique features of @entity358 in specific defects. Infections obviously account for most of these complications, but the host reaction to infection often leads to characteristic findings that can be helpful diagnostically. Finally, advances in treatment of the underlying diseases as well as their infectious complications will be covered.

title: XXXX of primary @entity465 .

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary complications']


abstract: Despite advances in speciality care, mortality and morbidity remain the most important issues in the management of post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries. We analysed the peri-operative management of post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries to assess their outcomes. Of 150 @entity1 with post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries, 13 @entity1 who presented with strictured hepaticojejunostomy were excluded from the analysis. The records of the remaining 137 @entity1 were analysed for type of presentation, management and follow-up. Of 137 injuries, 88 were open and 49 were laparoscopic. Various presentations include acute @entity1157 (n   =   5), bile collection (n   =   45), external @entity3116 (n   =   46) and stricture (n   =   41). After initial management, three @entity1 died ( @entity295 , n   =   2; @entity548 , n   =   1). Of 107 @entity1 who underwent definitive repair, three died (portal @entity101 , n   =   2; @entity295 , n   =   1). At median follow-up of 30  months, 100 @entity1 had good outcome (grade A, B), and only 4 had bad outcome (grade C, D) as per McDonald grading. @entity298 and @entity295 in the early phase and portal @entity101 and @entity82 in the late phase are the main causes of mortality in @entity1 sustaining @entity1157 during cholecystectomy. Successful management in a specialist hepatobiliary centre can limit the morbidity in more than 90  % cases.

title: XXXX to Repair: an Analysis of Management and Outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysmal bleed']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injury']

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['biliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritonitis']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['Bile Duct Injury-from Injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization's 2004 Global Burden of Disease report indicated 3.6 million years of productive, healthy life is lost worldwide as a result of @entity22 . Approximately 30-35% of @entity1 meet diagnostic criteria for @entity22 characterized by impairment resulting from problems of falling and staying asleep. AIMS: To evaluate the effect of Tagara (Valeriana wallichii DC.) and Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.) in the management of Anidra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 34 @entity1 were selected fulfilling the criteria for inclusion for @entity22 were randomly selected from Out @entity1 Department and In @entity1 Department of Manasa Roga and assigned into two groups, wherein 30 @entity1 completed the study (15 in each). Tagara Churna (powder of V. wallichii) and Jatamansi Churna (powder of N. jatamansi) in the dose of 4 gm with milk was administered three times a day for a period of 1 month. RESULTS: Tagara provided significant improvement in @entity22 (76.00%; P < 0.001), duration of sleep (55.17%; P < 0.001), disturbed sleep (69.58%; P < 0.001), and disturbances in routine work (73.95%; P < 0.001). Jatamansi provided improvement in @entity22 (61.34%; P < 0.001), duration of sleep (48.25%; P < 0.001), disturbed sleep (53.08%; P < 0.001), and disturbance in routine works (43.85%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Both the groups showed good results, but Tagara group showed better results in comparison to Jatamansi group.

title: A comparative clinical study on the effect of Tagara (Valeriana wallichii DC.) and Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.) in the management of Anidra ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['initiation of sleep', 'primary insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['primary insomnia']


abstract: AIM: To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of endoscopic resection for the treatment of @entity14 (GCTs). METHODS: This was a retrospective study performed at a single institution. From January 2008 to April 2015, we examined a total of 11 lesions in 11 @entity1 who were treated by an endoscopic procedure for colorectal GCTs in the Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Either endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed by three surgeons with expertise in endoscopic treatment. The pre- and post-operative condition and follow-up of these @entity1 were evaluated by colonoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). RESULTS: Of these 11 lesions, 2 were located in the cecum, 3 were in the ileocecal junction, 5 were in the ascending colon, and 1 was in the rectum. The median maximum diameter of the @entity5 was 0.81 cm (range 0.4-1.2 cm). The en bloc rate was 100%, and the complete resection rate was 90.9% (10/11). Post-operative pathology in one @entity1 showed a @entity5 at the cauterization margin. However, during ESD, this lesion was removed en bloc, and no @entity5 tissue was seen in the wound. No perforations or delayed perforations were observed and emergency surgery was not required for complications. All @entity1 were followed up to May 2015, and none had recurrence, @entity3 , or complaints of discomfort. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic treatment performed by endoscopists with sufficient experience appears to be feasible and effective for colorectal GCTs.

title: Endoscopic resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal granular cell tumors']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal granular cell tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an association between @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and increased @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ), a surrogate index of @entity731 . This association is poorly studied in asymptomatic subjects with risk factors of @entity453 . AIM: To study the relationship between carotid- @entity1004 , coronary flow reserve (CFR) and cardiac function in asymptomatic young @entity101 subjects. METHODS: This study includes 82 asymptomatic young subjects with essential @entity101 , and 78 healthy control subjects. Carotid- @entity1004 was assessed with B-mode ultrasonography. Treadmill exercise test, CFR and echo Doppler study were performed for all subjects. RESULTS: @entity101 group had a significantly higher carotid- @entity1004 (0.91 + 0.13 vs. 51    0.09, P < 0.01), and a significantly lower coronary flow velocity reserve (1.9    0.44 vs. 3.2    0.44, P < 0.003) than in control subjects, especially in those with stress induced @entity741 . Multiple linear regression analyses shows that increased carotid- @entity1004 was related to a reduced CFR (r = -843, P < 0.001) and a lower diastolic function (E/e   , r = -512, P < 0.003) in asymptomatic @entity101 . In addition the carotid- @entity1004 showed a significant correlation with family history of @entity101 in these subjects (r = 653, P < 0.002). CONCLUSION: Carotid- @entity1004 increases significantly in asymptomatic young @entity101 @entity1 . It has a relationship with stress-induced @entity741 , decrease CFR and incipient @entity67 in those @entity1 . It could be considered as an index for subclinical @entity731 and @entity67 in asymptomatic subjects with risk factors for CADs.

title: Early detection of silent ischemia and XXXX in asymptomatic young @entity101 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'carotid-intima media thickness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['diastolic dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an association between @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and increased @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ), a surrogate index of @entity731 . This association is poorly studied in asymptomatic subjects with risk factors of @entity453 . AIM: To study the relationship between carotid- @entity1004 , coronary flow reserve (CFR) and cardiac function in asymptomatic young @entity101 subjects. METHODS: This study includes 82 asymptomatic young subjects with essential @entity101 , and 78 healthy control subjects. Carotid- @entity1004 was assessed with B-mode ultrasonography. Treadmill exercise test, CFR and echo Doppler study were performed for all subjects. RESULTS: @entity101 group had a significantly higher carotid- @entity1004 (0.91 + 0.13 vs. 51    0.09, P < 0.01), and a significantly lower coronary flow velocity reserve (1.9    0.44 vs. 3.2    0.44, P < 0.003) than in control subjects, especially in those with stress induced @entity741 . Multiple linear regression analyses shows that increased carotid- @entity1004 was related to a reduced CFR (r = -843, P < 0.001) and a lower diastolic function (E/e   , r = -512, P < 0.003) in asymptomatic @entity101 . In addition the carotid- @entity1004 showed a significant correlation with family history of @entity101 in these subjects (r = 653, P < 0.002). CONCLUSION: Carotid- @entity1004 increases significantly in asymptomatic young @entity101 @entity1 . It has a relationship with stress-induced @entity741 , decrease CFR and incipient @entity67 in those @entity1 . It could be considered as an index for subclinical @entity731 and @entity67 in asymptomatic subjects with risk factors for CADs.

title: Early detection of silent ischemia and @entity67 in asymptomatic young XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an association between @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and increased @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ), a surrogate index of @entity731 . This association is poorly studied in asymptomatic subjects with risk factors of @entity453 . AIM: To study the relationship between carotid- @entity1004 , coronary flow reserve (CFR) and cardiac function in asymptomatic young @entity101 subjects. METHODS: This study includes 82 asymptomatic young subjects with essential @entity101 , and 78 healthy control subjects. Carotid- @entity1004 was assessed with B-mode ultrasonography. Treadmill exercise test, CFR and echo Doppler study were performed for all subjects. RESULTS: @entity101 group had a significantly higher carotid- @entity1004 (0.91 + 0.13 vs. 51    0.09, P < 0.01), and a significantly lower coronary flow velocity reserve (1.9    0.44 vs. 3.2    0.44, P < 0.003) than in control subjects, especially in those with stress induced @entity741 . Multiple linear regression analyses shows that increased carotid- @entity1004 was related to a reduced CFR (r = -843, P < 0.001) and a lower diastolic function (E/e   , r = -512, P < 0.003) in asymptomatic @entity101 . In addition the carotid- @entity1004 showed a significant correlation with family history of @entity101 in these subjects (r = 653, P < 0.002). CONCLUSION: Carotid- @entity1004 increases significantly in asymptomatic young @entity101 @entity1 . It has a relationship with stress-induced @entity741 , decrease CFR and incipient @entity67 in those @entity1 . It could be considered as an index for subclinical @entity731 and @entity67 in asymptomatic subjects with risk factors for CADs.

title: Early detection of silent ischemia and @entity67 in asymptomatic young @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Rectal varices are portosystemic collaterals that form as a complication of portal @entity101 , their prevalence has been reported as high as 94% in @entity1 with extrahepatic @entity6315 . The diagnosis is typically based on lower endoscopy (colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy). However, endoscopic ultrasonography has been shown to be superior to endoscopy in diagnosing rectal varices. Color Doppler ultrasonography is a better method because it allows the calculation of the velocity of blood flow in the varices and can be used to predict the @entity548 risk in the varices. Although rare, @entity548 from rectal varices can be life threatening. The management of @entity1 with rectal variceal @entity548 is not well established. It is important to ensure hemodynamic stability with blood transfusion and to correct any @entity1003 prior to treating the @entity548 varices. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy has been reported to be more effective in the management of active @entity548 from rectal varices with less rebleeding rate as compared to endoscopic band ligation. Transjugular intrahepatic portsystemic shunt alone or in combination with embolization is another method used successfully in control of @entity548 . Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration is an emerging procedure for management of gastric varices that has also been successfully used to treat @entity548 rectal varices. Surgical procedures including suture ligation and porto-caval shunts are considered when other methods have failed.

title: Management of rectal varices in portal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein obstruction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Histopathology is the only accepted method to measure and stage the @entity0 size. However, there is a need to find another method to measure and stage the @entity5 size when the pathological assessment is not available. Micro-computed tomography. (micro-CT) has the ability to measure @entity5 in three dimensions in an intact lumpectomy specimen. In this study, we aimed to determine the accuracy of micro-CT to measure and stage the primary @entity5 size in breast lumpectomy specimens, as compared to the histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two @entity1 who underwent lumpectomy surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Surgery from June 2011 to September 2011, and from August 2013 to December 2013 participated in this study. The lumpectomy specimens were scanned using micro-CT followed by routine pathological processing. The maximum dimension of the invasive @entity0 was obtained from the micro-CT image and was compared to the corresponding pathology report for each subject. RESULTS: The invasive @entity5 size measurement by micro-CT was underestimated in 24 cases. (33%), overestimated in 37 cases. (51%), and matched it exactly in 11 cases. (15%) compared to the histopathology measurement for all the cases. However, micro-CT T-stage classification differed from histopathology in only 11. (15.2%) with 6 cases. (8.3%) classified as a higher stage by micro-CT, and 5 cases. (6.9%) classified as lower compared to histopathology. In addition, micro-CT demonstrated a statically significant strong agreement (k =0.6, P < 0.05) with pathological @entity5 size and staging for invasive @entity513 . (IDC) group. In contrast, there was no agreement. (k = -2, P = 0.67) between micro-CT and pathology in estimating and staging @entity5 size for @entity1137 . (ILC) group. This could be explained by a small sample size. (7) for ILC group. CONCLUSIONS: Micro-CT is a promising modality for measuring and staging the IDC.

title: Prediction of primary XXXX size and T-stage using micro-computed tomography in lumpectomy specimens.

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was to evaluate the effect of excision repair cross-complementation group 1( @entity11833 ) expression on response to @entity900 -based induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) in locally advanced unresectable @entity213 ( @entity213 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with locally advanced unresectable @entity213 who received @entity900 -based IC followed by CCRT from January 1, 2006 through January 1, 2008. Eligibility criteria included presence of biopsy-proven @entity213 without a prior history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess @entity11833 expression in pretreatment biopsy specimens from @entity982 blocks. Clinical parameters, including smoking, @entity167 consumption and betel nuts chewing, were obtained from the medical records. RESULTS: The 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates of fifty-seven @entity1 were 61.1% and 61.0%, respectively. Among these @entity1 , thirty-one @entity1 had low @entity11833 expression and forty-one @entity1 responded to IC followed by CCRT. Univariate analyses showed that @entity1 with low expression of @entity11833 had a significantly higher 12-month PFS rates (73.3% vs. 42.3%, p < 0.001) and 2-year OS (74.2 vs. 44.4%, p = 0.023) rates. Multivariate analysis showed that for @entity1 who did not chew betel nuts and had low expression of @entity11833 were independent predictors for prolonged survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggest that a high expression of @entity11833 predict a poor response and survival to @entity900 -based IC followed by CCRT in @entity1 with locally advanced unresectable @entity213 in betel nut chewing area.

title: High @entity11833 expression predicts XXXX -based chemotherapy resistance and poor outcome in unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in a betel-chewing area.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was to evaluate the effect of excision repair cross-complementation group 1( @entity11833 ) expression on response to @entity900 -based induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) in locally advanced unresectable @entity213 ( @entity213 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with locally advanced unresectable @entity213 who received @entity900 -based IC followed by CCRT from January 1, 2006 through January 1, 2008. Eligibility criteria included presence of biopsy-proven @entity213 without a prior history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess @entity11833 expression in pretreatment biopsy specimens from @entity982 blocks. Clinical parameters, including smoking, @entity167 consumption and betel nuts chewing, were obtained from the medical records. RESULTS: The 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates of fifty-seven @entity1 were 61.1% and 61.0%, respectively. Among these @entity1 , thirty-one @entity1 had low @entity11833 expression and forty-one @entity1 responded to IC followed by CCRT. Univariate analyses showed that @entity1 with low expression of @entity11833 had a significantly higher 12-month PFS rates (73.3% vs. 42.3%, p < 0.001) and 2-year OS (74.2 vs. 44.4%, p = 0.023) rates. Multivariate analysis showed that for @entity1 who did not chew betel nuts and had low expression of @entity11833 were independent predictors for prolonged survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggest that a high expression of @entity11833 predict a poor response and survival to @entity900 -based IC followed by CCRT in @entity1 with locally advanced unresectable @entity213 in betel nut chewing area.

title: High XXXX expression predicts @entity900 -based chemotherapy resistance and poor outcome in unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in a betel-chewing area.

answer: @entity11833 :: (2067,Gene) :: ['ERCC1']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity82 , who have survived an episode of @entity548 , often have far-advanced @entity409 and therefore, on average, a severely restricted life expectancy. Still, the prognosis for the individual @entity1 varies greatly depending on the presence or absence of large varices and the @entity1 classification. Centres evaluating @entity548 often attract different @entity1 populations. Comparison of the outcome of the complete series of @entity1 is usually meaningless since results reflect the composition of the @entity1 population rather than the applied therapy. The natural history of @entity1 with @entity548 should be defined by @entity1 category, allowing more precise definition of the therapeutic aims and subsequently assessment of the results. Persistent lowering of the portal pressure by pharmacological modulation of the portal haemodynamic system is now feasible due to the availability of long-acting oral medication. @entity1169 is still the leading drug and, in one centre, its use in predominantly @entity1 A @entity1 was associated with a marked reduction in recurrent @entity360 and subsequently mortality rate. These results could not be reproduced in another centre. Both the restricted indication as well as the uncertain efficacy limit the current use of @entity1169 , but further pharmacological developments are bound to appear. Endoscopic sclerotherapy has become the treatment of choice in the prevention of recurrent @entity548 . The proponents of paravasal injection report excellent efficacy in combination with a low incidence of side-effects, whereas mainly theoretical reasons are advanced by users of intravariceal injections. Still, @entity548 remains an important clinical problem in the period between the start of sclerotherapy and the eradication of varices. Combination of sclerotherapy with portal antihypertensive medication might become the treatment of choice until eradication of varices has been achieved; thereafter either continued medication or repeated endoscopy will maintain an avariceal state and effective prevention of recurrent @entity548 .

title: Prevention of recurrent XXXX : non-surgical procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal haemorrhage', 'variceal bleeding', 'treatment of variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['variceal bleeding']


abstract: Local delivery of therapeutic angiogenic agents that stimulate blood vessel formation represents a promising strategy for the treatment of @entity1095 ( @entity1095 ). At present, requirements for temporal and spatial parameters for localized delivery are unclear, with a variety of sustained delivery approaches being examined. Two polymer-based sustained formulations containing the 165 @entity535 isoform of @entity1 recombinant @entity7 (rhVEGF(165)) were evaluated for their potential application in the treatment of @entity1095 following intramuscular injection. Microspheres prepared from a 50:50 ratio of @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) and a gel of @entity7050 polymer solubilized in @entity14110 ( @entity7050 :NMP) were each loaded with rhVEGF(165) and tested in vitro and in vivo. @entity7050 microspheres averaged    30  m in diameter and contained 8.9% (w/w) rhVEGF(165), while the @entity7050 :NMP gel was formulated with varying amounts of spray freeze-dried rhVEGF(165) to result in final gel formulations having concentrations of 0.36, 0.72, or 3.6 mg/mL rhVEGF(165). In vitro release of rhVEGF(165) from @entity7050 microspheres showed    10% cumulative release by day 6, whereas the cumulative release of rhVEGF(165) from the @entity7050 :NMP gel matrices (0.65% w/w loading) was less than 0.25% at this same time point. While the in vitro release characteristics of these two sustained release formulations were broadly different, the plasma rhVEGF(165) concentration-time profiles following hind-limb intramuscular (IM) injection of these formulations in non-compromised @entity35 revealed similar in vivo pharmacokinetics. Three-dimensional resin casts of vascular architecture were prepared at days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, and 75 following a single IM dosing of these sustained release microsphere and gel matrix formulations in the gastrocnemius muscle of immune-compromised @entity19 . Scanning electron microscopic visualization of these vascular casts demonstrated spatial arrangement of @entity1283 consistent with profound vascular changes occurring within 3 days of dosing that persisted for 2 months, approximately 1 month beyond the anticipated completion of rhVEGF(165) release from these sustained delivery formulations. Vascular re-modeling events were correlated with histological and immunohistochemical parameters attributed to known biological actions of rhVEGF(165) signaling. Together, these pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic results support the use of sustained release @entity7050 -based formulations for the local delivery of rhVEGF(165) to achieve a durable vascular re-modeling response.

title: Sustained release formulations of rhVEGF          produce a durable response in a XXXX model of peripheral angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['PVD', 'peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity14110 :: ('MESH:C038678', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl pyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor-A']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['capillary sprouts and vessel enlargement']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactic-co-glycolic acid', 'PLGA']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidural @entity1337 offers greater @entity158 relief compared to systemic opioid-based medications, but its effect on morbidity and mortality is unclear. This review was originally published in 2006 and was updated in 2012 and again in 2016. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of @entity86 in comparison with postoperative systemic opioid-based @entity1337 for adults undergoing elective abdominal aortic surgery. SEARCH METHODS: In the updated review, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and five trial registers in November 2014, together with reference checking to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomized controlled trials comparing @entity86 and postoperative systemic opioid-based @entity1337 for adults who underwent elective open abdominal aortic surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information and data when required. We assessed the level of evidence according to the scale provided by the GRADE working group. MAIN RESULTS: We included 15 trials published from 1987 to 2009 with 1498 @entity1 in this updated review. @entity1 had a mean age between 60.5 and 71.3 years. The percentage of @entity1 in the included studies varied from 0% to 28.1%. Adding an epidural to general anaesthesia for @entity1 undergoing abdominal aortic repair reduced @entity583 (risk ratio (RR) 0.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30 to 0.97); I(2) statistic = 0%; number needed to treat for one additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 28 (95% CI 19 to 1423), visual or verbal analogical scale (VAS) scores up to three days after the surgery (mean difference (MD) -1.78 (95% CI -2.32 to -1.25); I(2) statistic = 0% for VAS scores on movement at postoperative day one), time to tracheal extubation (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.42 (95% CI -0.70 to -0.15); I(2) statistic = 83%; equivalent to a mean reduction of 36 hours), @entity1576 (RR 0.69 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.85); I(2) statistic = 0%; NNTB 8 (95% CI 6 to 16)), @entity360 (OR 0.20 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.65); I(2) statistic = 0%; NNTB 32 (95% CI 27 to 74)) and time spent in the intensive care unit (SMD -0.23 (95% CI -0.41 to -0.06); I(2) statistic = 0%; equivalent to a mean reduction of six hours). We did not demonstrate a reduction in the mortality rate up to 30 days (RR 1.06 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.86); I(2) statistic = 0%). The level of evidence was low for mortality and time before tracheal extubation; moderate for @entity583 , @entity1576 and intensive care unit length of stay; and high for @entity360 and VAS scores. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Epidural @entity1337 provided better @entity158 management, reduced @entity583 , time to tracheal extubation, @entity1576 , @entity360 , and intensive care unit length of stay compared with systemic opioid-based drugs. For mortality, we did not find a difference at 30 days.

title: XXXX relief versus systemic opioid-based @entity158 relief for abdominal aortic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative epidural analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'postoperative respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Epidural pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidural @entity1337 offers greater @entity158 relief compared to systemic opioid-based medications, but its effect on morbidity and mortality is unclear. This review was originally published in 2006 and was updated in 2012 and again in 2016. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of @entity86 in comparison with postoperative systemic opioid-based @entity1337 for adults undergoing elective abdominal aortic surgery. SEARCH METHODS: In the updated review, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and five trial registers in November 2014, together with reference checking to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomized controlled trials comparing @entity86 and postoperative systemic opioid-based @entity1337 for adults who underwent elective open abdominal aortic surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information and data when required. We assessed the level of evidence according to the scale provided by the GRADE working group. MAIN RESULTS: We included 15 trials published from 1987 to 2009 with 1498 @entity1 in this updated review. @entity1 had a mean age between 60.5 and 71.3 years. The percentage of @entity1 in the included studies varied from 0% to 28.1%. Adding an epidural to general anaesthesia for @entity1 undergoing abdominal aortic repair reduced @entity583 (risk ratio (RR) 0.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30 to 0.97); I(2) statistic = 0%; number needed to treat for one additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 28 (95% CI 19 to 1423), visual or verbal analogical scale (VAS) scores up to three days after the surgery (mean difference (MD) -1.78 (95% CI -2.32 to -1.25); I(2) statistic = 0% for VAS scores on movement at postoperative day one), time to tracheal extubation (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.42 (95% CI -0.70 to -0.15); I(2) statistic = 83%; equivalent to a mean reduction of 36 hours), @entity1576 (RR 0.69 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.85); I(2) statistic = 0%; NNTB 8 (95% CI 6 to 16)), @entity360 (OR 0.20 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.65); I(2) statistic = 0%; NNTB 32 (95% CI 27 to 74)) and time spent in the intensive care unit (SMD -0.23 (95% CI -0.41 to -0.06); I(2) statistic = 0%; equivalent to a mean reduction of six hours). We did not demonstrate a reduction in the mortality rate up to 30 days (RR 1.06 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.86); I(2) statistic = 0%). The level of evidence was low for mortality and time before tracheal extubation; moderate for @entity583 , @entity1576 and intensive care unit length of stay; and high for @entity360 and VAS scores. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Epidural @entity1337 provided better @entity158 management, reduced @entity583 , time to tracheal extubation, @entity1576 , @entity360 , and intensive care unit length of stay compared with systemic opioid-based drugs. For mortality, we did not find a difference at 30 days.

title: @entity158 relief versus systemic opioid-based XXXX relief for abdominal aortic surgery.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Classical @entity978 ( @entity978 ) is characterized by rare neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells within abundant reactive cellular backgrounds. In most cases, H-RS cells originate from the B-cell lineage, but their immunophenotypes are unusual. Here we newly found frequent expression of chemokine receptors @entity24101 and @entity23055 and their respective ligands @entity6332 and @entity17469 in @entity978 -derived cell lines. @entity23055 is known to be selectively expressed by plasma cells, whereas @entity17469 attracts eosinophils via @entity23427 and plasma cells via @entity23055 and @entity23427 . Therefore, we examined their expression in @entity978 tissues by immunohistochemistry. We found that H-RS cells in 15 of 19 cases were positive for @entity17469 . Among them, seven cases were also positive for @entity23055 , suggesting a potential autocrine effect. In situ hybridization confirmed the expression of @entity17469 mRNA in H-RS cells. The @entity17469 positivity in H-RS cells did not significantly correlate with that of @entity25062 , @entity14420 , @entity14421 , or @entity14700 . However, it significantly correlated with the background accumulation of eosinophils, plasma cells, and @entity23055 + cells. Thus, the production of @entity17469 by H-RS cells may play a major role in tissue accumulation of eosinophils and/or plasma cells in classical @entity978 . The frequent expression of @entity23055 in H-RS cells themselves also supports their close relationship to plasma cells.

title: Expression of @entity17469 by Reed-Sternberg cells defines a major subtype of classical XXXX with frequent infiltration of eosinophils and/or plasma cells.

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: Classical @entity978 ( @entity978 ) is characterized by rare neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells within abundant reactive cellular backgrounds. In most cases, H-RS cells originate from the B-cell lineage, but their immunophenotypes are unusual. Here we newly found frequent expression of chemokine receptors @entity24101 and @entity23055 and their respective ligands @entity6332 and @entity17469 in @entity978 -derived cell lines. @entity23055 is known to be selectively expressed by plasma cells, whereas @entity17469 attracts eosinophils via @entity23427 and plasma cells via @entity23055 and @entity23427 . Therefore, we examined their expression in @entity978 tissues by immunohistochemistry. We found that H-RS cells in 15 of 19 cases were positive for @entity17469 . Among them, seven cases were also positive for @entity23055 , suggesting a potential autocrine effect. In situ hybridization confirmed the expression of @entity17469 mRNA in H-RS cells. The @entity17469 positivity in H-RS cells did not significantly correlate with that of @entity25062 , @entity14420 , @entity14421 , or @entity14700 . However, it significantly correlated with the background accumulation of eosinophils, plasma cells, and @entity23055 + cells. Thus, the production of @entity17469 by H-RS cells may play a major role in tissue accumulation of eosinophils and/or plasma cells in classical @entity978 . The frequent expression of @entity23055 in H-RS cells themselves also supports their close relationship to plasma cells.

title: Expression of XXXX by Reed-Sternberg cells defines a major subtype of classical @entity978 with frequent infiltration of eosinophils and/or plasma cells.

answer: @entity17469 :: (56477,Gene) :: ['CCL28']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to B cell- and T cell-specific antigens uniformly have been restricted in their use to cell suspension or frozen section techniques because the antigens that they identify are either masked or lost in the fixation or @entity982 -embedding processes. Antiimmunoglobulin antisera, although readily identifying cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in paraffin sections, has not been as useful as originally hoped since the majority of B cell @entity706 express surface immunoglobulins, which requires cell suspensions or frozen sections for detection. Because cell suspension procedures disrupt tissue architecture and frozen section techniques grossly distort morphology, neither method allows the combination of optimal morphologic and immunologic classification of @entity706 . We recently reported two MoAbs, @entity16600 and @entity1605 , that react with B cells in paraffin sections. @entity16600 reacts with the surface membrane and cytoplasm of germinal center B cells. @entity1605 reacts uniquely with the nuclear membrane and cytoplasm of mantle zone and germinal center B cells and interdigitating histiocytes. We have also identified a new MoAb, LN-3, that reacts with the HLA-DR antigen in paraffin sections. We now report the use of @entity16600 , @entity1605 , and LN-3 in the analysis of paraffin sections from 58 @entity1893 and 15 cases of @entity978 . The types of cells reactive with these MoAbs in neoplastic lymphoid proliferations largely recapitulate their benign morphologic and immunologic counterparts. As a panel, @entity16600 , @entity1605 , and LN-3 were reactive with 98% of B cell @entity706 , and @entity16600 and @entity1605 were negative on all T cell @entity706 . In addition to identifying the cell of origin of these malignant proliferations, these MoAbs were also useful for identifying architectural features in neoplastic lymph nodes. Thus, these reagents provide the ability to assess the immunologic phenotype of neoplastic lymphocytes in conjunction with the critical morphologic criteria requiring paraffin embedding.

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of human XXXX with monoclonal antibodies to B cell and Ia antigens reactive in paraffin sections.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphomas']


abstract: Tryptic, thermitatic, and tryptic-thermitatic casein hydrolyzates as well as their equimolar @entity535 mixture were perfused through proximal and distal parts of the intestine (10 cm length) of nonanaesthesized @entity35 . The total @entity535 concentration of the perfused solution was 50 mM. The absorption of @entity1568 and total @entity1522 respectively did not reveal significant absorption advantages in favour of the hydrolyzates. In contrast to this, some peptidic bound @entity1522 of these hydrolyzates show a significantly better absorption as compared to free @entity1522 . At this, dependences of the kind of hydrolyzate and the part of the intestine are evident. @entity367 , e.g. is generally more rapidly absorbed when peptidic bound; @entity1853 is more rapidly absorbed only from the thermitatic and tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzates, and @entity493 and @entity55100 only in the distal part of the intestine. Independent of the @entity535 or peptide substrate the total absorption of all the @entity1522 is higher in the distal part of the intestine. The comparison concerning the ranking order of the single @entity535 absorption rates shows in the two parts of the intestine distinct differences between the @entity535 mixtures and the enzymatic hydrolyzates. The lowest differences were found between the thermitatic and the tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzate. Both of them have approximately the same degrees of hydrolysis (30 and 35%, respectively). The variability of the @entity535 absorption from the three casein hydrolyzates is lower in comparison with the @entity535 mixture. The tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzates have the lowest coefficients of variability.

title: [Comparative study of the absorption of enzymatic protein hydrolysates in the small intestine of the @entity35 . 2. The absorption of tryptic, thermitatic and tryptic-thermitatic casein hydrolysates compared with the equimolar composition of free XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: Tryptic, thermitatic, and tryptic-thermitatic casein hydrolyzates as well as their equimolar @entity535 mixture were perfused through proximal and distal parts of the intestine (10 cm length) of nonanaesthesized @entity35 . The total @entity535 concentration of the perfused solution was 50 mM. The absorption of @entity1568 and total @entity1522 respectively did not reveal significant absorption advantages in favour of the hydrolyzates. In contrast to this, some peptidic bound @entity1522 of these hydrolyzates show a significantly better absorption as compared to free @entity1522 . At this, dependences of the kind of hydrolyzate and the part of the intestine are evident. @entity367 , e.g. is generally more rapidly absorbed when peptidic bound; @entity1853 is more rapidly absorbed only from the thermitatic and tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzates, and @entity493 and @entity55100 only in the distal part of the intestine. Independent of the @entity535 or peptide substrate the total absorption of all the @entity1522 is higher in the distal part of the intestine. The comparison concerning the ranking order of the single @entity535 absorption rates shows in the two parts of the intestine distinct differences between the @entity535 mixtures and the enzymatic hydrolyzates. The lowest differences were found between the thermitatic and the tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzate. Both of them have approximately the same degrees of hydrolysis (30 and 35%, respectively). The variability of the @entity535 absorption from the three casein hydrolyzates is lower in comparison with the @entity535 mixture. The tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzates have the lowest coefficients of variability.

title: [Comparative study of the absorption of enzymatic protein hydrolysates in the small intestine of the XXXX . 2. The absorption of tryptic, thermitatic and tryptic-thermitatic casein hydrolysates compared with the equimolar composition of free @entity1522 ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A self-perpetuating change in the conformation of the translation termination factor @entity16578 is the basis for the prion [PSI+], a protein-based genetic element of @entity375 . In a process closely allied to in vivo conversion, the purified soluble, prion-determining region of @entity16578 ( @entity9979 ) converts to amyloid fibers by means of nucleated conformational conversion. First, oligomeric species convert to nuclei, and these nuclei then promote polymerization of soluble protein into amyloid fibers. To elucidate the nature of the polymerization step, we created single- @entity462 substitution mutants at different positions in @entity9979 to provide unique attachment sites for various probes. In vivo, the mutants behaved like wild-type protein in both the [psi-] and [PSI+] states. In vitro, they assembled with wild-type kinetics and formed fibers with the same morphologies. When labeled with fluorescent probes, two mutants, NMT158C and NME167C, exhibited a change in fluorescence coincident with amyloid assembly. These mutants provided a sensitive measure for the kinetics of fiber elongation, and the lag phase in conversion. The @entity462 in the mutant NMK184C remained exposed after assembly. When labeled with @entity1885 and bound to streptavidin beads, it was used to capture radiolabeled soluble @entity9979 in the process of conversion. This process established the existence of a detergent-susceptible intermediate in fiber elongation. Thus, the second stage of nucleated conformational conversion, fiber elongation, itself contains at least two steps: the association of soluble protein with preformed fibers to form an assembly intermediate, followed by conformational conversion into amyloid.

title: The elongation of XXXX prion fibers involves separable steps of association and conversion.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: Peripheral T cell subsets were determined in 26 @entity1 after renal transplantation. Thirteen @entity1 were undergoing acute rejection episodes at the time of blood sampling. Two methods were used for the determinations: the @entity2544 sensitivity test (THST) and the monoclonal antibodies method OKT8 and OKT4. In both rejecting and non-rejecting groups, the percentages of @entity1619 ( @entity1619 ) was found to be higher by the OKT8 method than by the THST. Furthermore, no significant difference in @entity1619 percentages could be revealed by the OKT8 method between the two groups. However, with the THST the differences were significant with a mean value of 13.5 +/- 7.9 per cent in the rejecting group and 21 +/- 5.9 per cent in the non-rejecting group (p less than 0.01). The different results between the two methods could be attributed to the fact that by THST only @entity1619 cells are defined while the OKT8 conjugates also with cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The measuring of T helper cells (TH) revealed much higher percentages of TH in the rejecting group than in the non-rejecting group, 51 +/- 9.5 per cent mean value and 29 +/- 13 per cent mean value, respectively (p less than 0.05). The ratio OKT4+/OKT8+ was below one in the non-rejecting group and above 1.5 in the rejecting group. We concluded that the THST as well as OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio may be a helpful laboratory test to confirm a clinically suspected acute rejection episode.

title: T cell subsets in renal transplanted XXXX defined by theophylline sensitivity and monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'T suppressor lymphocytes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the functional profiles of @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ), and the relationships between @entity73 , limitations in activities, and @entity4059 , using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). @entity1 were consecutively enrolled, and the ICF checklist was administered. Two count-based indices were developed: 'extension', containing ICF categories rated with qualifiers 1-4 and 'severity', containing ICF categories rated with qualifiers 3-4. Categories rated with qualifiers 1-4 in at least 50% of @entity1 are described separately. Spearman's correlation analysis was carried out to identify the relationships between @entity73 (BF) and body structures, activities and participation, and @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ); linear regressions were performed to identify the best predictors of performance indices in activities and participation. A total of 96 @entity1 were enrolled; 34 categories rated with qualifiers 1-4 in at least 50% of @entity1 are reported, and most of them describe impairment in movement-related functions and limitations in mobility and self-care. Performance indices are significantly lower than capacity and significant relationships with both @entity73 and @entity4059 are observed. High difficulties in activities and participation performance are connected with both presence of severe BF symptoms and relevant barriers in @entity4059 . Both BF and @entity4059 play a relevant role in improving functioning of the @entity1 with @entity191 . The connection between @entity4059 barriers and severe problems in activities and participation performance suggests the need of fostering participation of @entity1 with @entity191 by promoting facilitators among EFs. Methodologies and tools are needed to couple information on symptoms, on the difficulties in executing activities, and on environmental features.

title: Disability and profiles of functioning of @entity1 with XXXX described with ICF classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in body functions', 'impairment in body functions', 'BF impairments']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['environmental factors', 'EF']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the functional profiles of @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ), and the relationships between @entity73 , limitations in activities, and @entity4059 , using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). @entity1 were consecutively enrolled, and the ICF checklist was administered. Two count-based indices were developed: 'extension', containing ICF categories rated with qualifiers 1-4 and 'severity', containing ICF categories rated with qualifiers 3-4. Categories rated with qualifiers 1-4 in at least 50% of @entity1 are described separately. Spearman's correlation analysis was carried out to identify the relationships between @entity73 (BF) and body structures, activities and participation, and @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ); linear regressions were performed to identify the best predictors of performance indices in activities and participation. A total of 96 @entity1 were enrolled; 34 categories rated with qualifiers 1-4 in at least 50% of @entity1 are reported, and most of them describe impairment in movement-related functions and limitations in mobility and self-care. Performance indices are significantly lower than capacity and significant relationships with both @entity73 and @entity4059 are observed. High difficulties in activities and participation performance are connected with both presence of severe BF symptoms and relevant barriers in @entity4059 . Both BF and @entity4059 play a relevant role in improving functioning of the @entity1 with @entity191 . The connection between @entity4059 barriers and severe problems in activities and participation performance suggests the need of fostering participation of @entity1 with @entity191 by promoting facilitators among EFs. Methodologies and tools are needed to couple information on symptoms, on the difficulties in executing activities, and on environmental features.

title: Disability and profiles of functioning of XXXX with @entity191 described with ICF classification.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of late enhancement dual-energy CT (LE-DECT) for the detection of infarcted @entity1562 as compared with 1.5-T late enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LE-MRI) in a porcine model of reperfused chronic @entity583 ( @entity583 ), using histopathology as standard of reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 8 healthy minipigs, @entity583 was induced by 30-minute balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Sixty-one    4 days after left anterior descending @entity1563 , LE-DECT was performed 5, 10, and 15 minutes subsequent to contrast material injection. Therefore, a dual-source CT scanner (Somatom Definition, Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) was used in dual-energy mode with the following protocol: tube potential/current 140 kV/95 mAs on tube A and 100 kV/165 mAs on tube B, collimation 2   32   0.6 mm, 1.5 mL/kg contrast material injected at 3 to 4 mL/s. Myocardial @entity1496 distribution was calculated from the dual-energy data and superimposed on the gray scale multiplanar reformats of the heart in @entity851 view. Fifty    12 minutes after LE-DECT imaging, 1.5-T LE-MRI (Magnetom Avanto, Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) was performed 10 minutes successive to injection of contrast material using phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequences. For all @entity1707 investigated, @entity5045 staining and histopathology of stained-tissue samples were acquired. Two experienced radiologists assessed all imaging studies in a random manner and were blinded to the results of the other techniques for the presence of late enhancement (LE). The American Heart Association 17-segment model was used to compare the results of LE-DECT, 100 kV grayscale LE images, LE-MRI, and histopathology. Size of @entity583 was calculated for histopathological findings, LE-MRI, LE-DECT, and 100 kV grayscale LE images 10 minutes after contrast agent injection. Agreement between @entity1188 size assessed with imaging modalities and histopathology was evaluated with Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: Of the 136 @entity296 in 8 minipigs, histopathology found @entity583 in 27 segments. Diagnostic per-segment sensitivities and specificities for 100 kV grayscale LE images, LE-DECT images, and MR images obtained 10 minutes after contrast agent injection for both the readers were 0.62, 0.77, 0.79 and 0.97, 0.92, 0.94, respectively. Although sensitivities were higher for LE-DECT and LE-MRI than for 100 kV grayscale images, no statistically significant difference for the diagnostic accuracies of 100 kV grayscale LE images, LE-DECT images, and MR images (0.9, 0.89, 0.9) existed 10 minutes successive to contrast agent injection (all P > 0.05). Infarct size for LE-MRI, LE-DECT, and 100 kV grayscale LE images correlated well with histopathological findings (r = 0.97, 0.96, and 0.94; all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This feasibility study shows a high accuracy and a good correlation of LE-DECT and LE-MRI to histopathology for the detection of LE in a porcine model of reperfused chronic @entity583 .

title: Dual-energy computed tomography for the detection of late enhancement in reperfused chronic XXXX : a comparison to magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology in a porcine model.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short-axis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial segments']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity417 is a common medical problem for critically ill @entity1 . Blood transfusion to augment oxygen delivery for these @entity1 has been a traditional therapy. However, few studies have identified the impact of @entity417 on individuals suffering from severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effects of initial @entity417 on @entity1 with severe @entity131 admitted to the Emergency Unit. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of @entity1 with isolated severe @entity131 admitted to the Emergency Unit of a university hospital from July 2003 to June 2008. @entity1 were divided into two groups based on their initial @entity417 data taken while in the Emergency Unit. The @entity417 datum is defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <10 mg/dL. The t test was used to identify the differences between the two groups, while logistic regression was applied to determine any significant differences found in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 234 @entity1 were signed up in our study. Based on their initial hemoglobin at emergency department, 23 @entity1 (9.8%) comprised the @entity417 group, 17 @entity1 (7.3%) comprised the nonanemia group, whereas 112 @entity1 (47.9%) belonging to the nonanemia group were deceased. There is no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.076; odds ratio, 0.97; confidence interval, 0.78-1.05). CONCLUSION: This study shows that initial @entity417 is not a mortality risk factor for @entity1 with isolated severe blunt @entity131 .

title: The association between @entity417 and the mortality of severe XXXX in emergency department.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity417 is a common medical problem for critically ill @entity1 . Blood transfusion to augment oxygen delivery for these @entity1 has been a traditional therapy. However, few studies have identified the impact of @entity417 on individuals suffering from severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effects of initial @entity417 on @entity1 with severe @entity131 admitted to the Emergency Unit. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of @entity1 with isolated severe @entity131 admitted to the Emergency Unit of a university hospital from July 2003 to June 2008. @entity1 were divided into two groups based on their initial @entity417 data taken while in the Emergency Unit. The @entity417 datum is defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <10 mg/dL. The t test was used to identify the differences between the two groups, while logistic regression was applied to determine any significant differences found in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 234 @entity1 were signed up in our study. Based on their initial hemoglobin at emergency department, 23 @entity1 (9.8%) comprised the @entity417 group, 17 @entity1 (7.3%) comprised the nonanemia group, whereas 112 @entity1 (47.9%) belonging to the nonanemia group were deceased. There is no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.076; odds ratio, 0.97; confidence interval, 0.78-1.05). CONCLUSION: This study shows that initial @entity417 is not a mortality risk factor for @entity1 with isolated severe blunt @entity131 .

title: The association between XXXX and the mortality of severe @entity131 in emergency department.

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2315 are a group of @entity74 caused by deficiency of lysosomal enzymes or structural components. The manifestations of @entity2315 are complicated due to different @entity2246 . It has been reported that a range of @entity209 resulting in abnormal accumulation of metabolic byproducts may exhibit abnormal cytoplasmic vacuolation of lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to elicit the usefulness of vacuolated peripheral lymphocytes detection in screening and diagnosis of @entity2315 . METHOD: Clinical data of 42 @entity1 who underwent microscopic and electron microscopic examination of peripheral blood specimens in our department were retrospectively evaluated between January 2008 and December 2009. RESULT: Forty-two @entity1 with the suspected @entity2315 were included, these @entity1 presented with motor and @entity851 and/or regression. @entity410 occurred in 32 @entity1 . @entity828 were found in 4 @entity1 . Three @entity1 presented with declined visual acuity. @entity194 and/or abnormal signals were detected on cranial CT/MRI images in 24 @entity1 . Blood biochemical tests were normal. Serum levels of @entity3265 , @entity880 and @entity2388 were normal. Serum @entity535 profiles and urinary @entity4918 profiles were normal. Serum @entity844 profiles were normal. Vacuolated lymphocytes were detected on microscopic examination of blood film in 14 @entity1 , and 8 of these @entity1 were confirmed to have @entity2315 . Curvilinear body was found on electronic microscopic examination of peripheral lymphocytes specimens in 4 @entity1 , confirming the diagnosis of @entity12030 . In 3 of these 4 @entity1 , curvilinear body were also found on electronic microscopic examination of skin and/or muscle specimens. Enzyme analysis confirmed the diagnosis of @entity8431 in one @entity1 and @entity13785 in another @entity1 . Typical pathological changes were found on the examination of bone marrow in 2 @entity1 with normal acid sphingomyelinase activity. So the @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1687 . The diagnosis of other 6 @entity1 with vacuolated lymphocytes was unknown. CONCLUSION: Because of its usefulness and minimal invasiveness, vacuolated peripheral lymphocytes examination should be a screening test for @entity2315 . As for @entity1 with suspected @entity12030 , electron microscopic examination of peripheral lymphocyte specimens may provide specific clues to the final diagnosis.

title: [Detection of vacuolated peripheral blood lymphocytes in screening for and diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['Lysosomal storage diseases', 'lysosomal storage disease', 'lysosomal storage diseases']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental retardation']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1687 :: ('MESH:D052556', 'Disease') :: ['Niemann-Pick disease type C']

entities_list: @entity4918 :: ('CHEBI:64709', 'Chemical') :: ['organic acid']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ["Pompe's disease"]

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis']

entities_list: @entity8431 :: ('MESH:D007966', 'Disease') :: ['metachromatic leukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorders']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['enzyme deficiency']

answer: @entity2315 :: (MESH:D016464,Disease) :: ['lysosomal storage diseases']


abstract: @entity101 is a major public health problem with serious medical and financial consequences. Barriers to successful conventional pharmacological treatment include side effects, out-of-pocket expenses, @entity1 noncompliance and insufficient dosages. Acupuncture has been studied as an alternative therapy for controlling blood pressure (BP) but previous studies have serious methodological limitations. This paper describes the design of the Stop @entity101 with the Acupuncture Research Program (SHARP) trial, a pilot randomized clinical trial designed to gather preliminary data regarding the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-based acupuncture for control of essential @entity101 . The design of the SHARP trial balanced rigorous clinical trial methodology with principles of TCM. Eligible @entity1 had systolic BP (SBP) 140-179 mm Hg and diastolic BP (DBP) 90-109 mm Hg in the absence of antihypertensive therapy. Following screening, @entity1 were randomized to one of three groups: individualized, standardized or control acupuncture. Treatments were designed according to principles of TCM; nonspecific effects associated with the interventions were standardized across the randomized groups. For individualized acupuncture, points were tailored to each @entity1 . Standardized acupuncture used a prespecified set of points. The invasive sham control acupuncture regimen was designed to be non-active. Each @entity1 received a "prescription" for individualized acupuncture from an acupuncturist who was masked to treatment assignment, and was subsequently treated by an independent acupuncturist. @entity1 and those assessing BP were masked to treatment group. Acupuncture was delivered twice a week for 6 weeks. Follow-up visits were every 2 weeks to week 10 and then at months 4, 6, 9 and 12. The primary endpoint will be change in SBP from baseline to 10 weeks. DBP, BP trajectories over the 12-month follow-up and antihypertensive medication requirements will also be examined. Initial contact was documented for 1442 prospective @entity1 from March 2001 to April 2002; 424 provided informed consent and 192 were ultimately randomized.

title: Stop XXXX with the Acupuncture Research Program (SHARP): clinical trial design and screening results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy of female sterilization by modified Uchida technique and @entity575 clips and to evaluate the influence on operation procedure and clinical effect with or without surgery training of service providers. METHODS: A comparative, multicenter clinical trial was performed in 18 county and township-level service centers. Totally 2198 @entity1 underwent sterilization from these 18 study center were divided into 1116 @entity1 sterilized by modified Uchida technique and 1082 @entity1 by @entity575 clips. Those 18 centers were classified into 9 training groups which provide surgical skills of sterilization and other contents and 9 non training groups. Clinical documents of sterilization were recorded. All @entity1 were follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: There were no complications during surgery by both sterilization. The failure rate was 2.03% (22/1082) in @entity575 clip method and the mean operative time were (12.4    6.4) minutes in training group and (14.4    8.1) minutes in non training group. In modified Uchida method, the failure rate was 0.18% (2/1116) and the mean operative time were (16.2    4.9) minutes in training group and (19.0    8.6) minutes in non training group. The mean operative time between two groups reached statistical difference (all P < 0.05). Total ended rate in modified Uchida technique were 2.2/hundred @entity1 year in training group and 2.5/hundred @entity1 year in non training group, and the rate of @entity575 slips were 3.9/hundred @entity1 year and 4.8/hundred @entity1 year, which did not show significant difference (all P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in acceptability and side effects of all @entity1 between two methods (P > 0.05). The training of service providers could influence acceptability of @entity1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical efficacy was not influenced by those two methods. The operative time and acceptability were improved by training surgeons in @entity575 clips method.

title: [The comparison of efficacy of female sterilization by modified Uchida technique and XXXX clips in China].

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: The neuroendocrine system integrates genotype with external factors such as nutrition to regulate animal growth. To investigate the role of @entity2270 in the interaction of genotype and nutrition, two series of experiments were conducted using broiler and layer @entity1573 as a model. In the first experiment, both strains of @entity1573 were raised on their respective standard diets and the mRNA expressions of somatotropic genes were investigated on day 5 (D5), D21, and D42 after hatching as composites of genotype and nutrition. The hypothalamic @entity1943 (SS) and pituitary growth hormone (GH) mRNA expression as well as the plasma GH levels were higher in layer @entity1573 while the opposite was true for hepatic @entity39849 ( @entity39849 ) mRNA. Regulation of @entity39849 mRNA expression was found to be tissue-specific. Hepatic @entity39849 mRNA content increased with age whereas in the muscle, the peak levels of expression were observed at D5 with significantly higher abundance ratio in the layer. To evaluate genotype-diet interaction on growth and the patterns of gene expression of both layer and broiler @entity1573 , layers were fed broiler diet and vice versa from D1 to 42 in the second experiment. The D42 body weight of layer @entity1573 increased by 35% when fed with broiler diet, whereas that of broiler @entity1573 decreased by 51% when fed with layer food. The diet exchange completely reversed the patterns of hypothalamic SS and pituitary GH mRNA expression and the strain differences vanished when the comparison was made on the same diet basis. The hepatic @entity39849 mRNA decreased by 46.1% in broilers fed with layer food, but increased by 45.6% in the layer fed with broiler diet. The strain differences were diminished but did not completely disappear on the same diet basis for hepatic @entity39849 mRNA. In contrast, however, the muscle @entity39849 mRNA expression was not affected by diet exchange and thus, was more genotype-specific. The results suggest that genes of the @entity2270 respond to nutrition differently at the level of transcription.

title: Effect of genotype-nutrition interaction on growth and somatotropic gene expression in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['somatotropic axis']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: The contribution of the @entity40 (IF) network to the mechanical response of cells has so far received little attention, possibly because the assembly and regulation of IFs are not as well understood as that of the actin cytoskeleton or of microtubules. The mechanical role of IFs has been mostly inferred from measurements performed on individual filaments or gels in vitro. In this study we employ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to examine the contribution of @entity7229 IFs to the nanomechanical properties of living cells under native conditions. To specifically target and modulate the @entity7229 network, @entity35 -2 fibroblasts were transfected with GFP- @entity10944 variants. Cells expressing @entity10944 variants were identified by the fluorescence microscopy extension of the AFM instrument. This allowed us to directly compare the nanomechanical response of transfected and untransfected cells at high spatial resolution by means of AFM. Depending on the variant @entity10944 , transfectants were either softer or stiffer than untransfected fibroblasts. Expression of the non-filament forming GFP-Des @entity72654 mutant led to a collapse of the endogenous @entity7229 network in the perinuclear region that was accompanied by localized stiffening. Correlative confocal microscopy indicates that the expression of @entity10944 variants specifically targets the endogenous @entity7229 IF network without major rearrangements of other cytoskeletal components. By measuring functional changes caused by IF rearrangements in intact cells, we show that IFs play a crucial role in mechanical behavior not only at large deformations but also in the nanomechanical response of individual cells.

title: The nanomechanical properties of @entity35 fibroblasts are modulated by interfering with the XXXX @entity40 system.

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['intermediate filament']

answer: @entity7229 :: (81818(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['vimentin']


abstract: The contribution of the @entity40 (IF) network to the mechanical response of cells has so far received little attention, possibly because the assembly and regulation of IFs are not as well understood as that of the actin cytoskeleton or of microtubules. The mechanical role of IFs has been mostly inferred from measurements performed on individual filaments or gels in vitro. In this study we employ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to examine the contribution of @entity7229 IFs to the nanomechanical properties of living cells under native conditions. To specifically target and modulate the @entity7229 network, @entity35 -2 fibroblasts were transfected with GFP- @entity10944 variants. Cells expressing @entity10944 variants were identified by the fluorescence microscopy extension of the AFM instrument. This allowed us to directly compare the nanomechanical response of transfected and untransfected cells at high spatial resolution by means of AFM. Depending on the variant @entity10944 , transfectants were either softer or stiffer than untransfected fibroblasts. Expression of the non-filament forming GFP-Des @entity72654 mutant led to a collapse of the endogenous @entity7229 network in the perinuclear region that was accompanied by localized stiffening. Correlative confocal microscopy indicates that the expression of @entity10944 variants specifically targets the endogenous @entity7229 IF network without major rearrangements of other cytoskeletal components. By measuring functional changes caused by IF rearrangements in intact cells, we show that IFs play a crucial role in mechanical behavior not only at large deformations but also in the nanomechanical response of individual cells.

title: The nanomechanical properties of @entity35 fibroblasts are modulated by interfering with the @entity7229 XXXX system.

answer: @entity40 :: (24387(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['intermediate filament']


abstract: The contribution of the @entity40 (IF) network to the mechanical response of cells has so far received little attention, possibly because the assembly and regulation of IFs are not as well understood as that of the actin cytoskeleton or of microtubules. The mechanical role of IFs has been mostly inferred from measurements performed on individual filaments or gels in vitro. In this study we employ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to examine the contribution of @entity7229 IFs to the nanomechanical properties of living cells under native conditions. To specifically target and modulate the @entity7229 network, @entity35 -2 fibroblasts were transfected with GFP- @entity10944 variants. Cells expressing @entity10944 variants were identified by the fluorescence microscopy extension of the AFM instrument. This allowed us to directly compare the nanomechanical response of transfected and untransfected cells at high spatial resolution by means of AFM. Depending on the variant @entity10944 , transfectants were either softer or stiffer than untransfected fibroblasts. Expression of the non-filament forming GFP-Des @entity72654 mutant led to a collapse of the endogenous @entity7229 network in the perinuclear region that was accompanied by localized stiffening. Correlative confocal microscopy indicates that the expression of @entity10944 variants specifically targets the endogenous @entity7229 IF network without major rearrangements of other cytoskeletal components. By measuring functional changes caused by IF rearrangements in intact cells, we show that IFs play a crucial role in mechanical behavior not only at large deformations but also in the nanomechanical response of individual cells.

title: The nanomechanical properties of XXXX fibroblasts are modulated by interfering with the @entity7229 @entity40 system.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Increasing consumer concern exists over the relationship between food composition and @entity1 health. Because of the known effects of @entity1718 on @entity1 health, the development of a quick, inexpensive, and accurate method to directly quantify the @entity844 (FA) composition in milk would be valuable for milk processors to develop a payment system for milk pertinent to their customer requirements and for farmers to adapt their feeding systems and breeding strategies accordingly. The aim of this study was (1) to confirm the ability of mid-infrared spectrometry (MIR) to quantify individual FA content in milk by using an innovative procedure of sampling (i.e., samples were collected from @entity291 belonging to different breeds, different countries, and in different production systems); (2) to compare 6 mathematical methods to develop robust calibration equations for predicting the contents of individual FA in milk; and (3) to test interest in using the FA equations developed in milk as basis to predict FA content in fat without corrections for the slope and the bias of the developed equations. In total, 517 samples selected based on their spectral variability in 3 countries (Belgium, Ireland, and United Kingdom) from various breeds, @entity291 , and production systems were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The samples presenting the largest spectral variability were used to calibrate the prediction of FA by MIR. The remaining samples were used to externally validate the 28 FA equations developed. The 6 methods were (1) @entity2357 ( @entity2357 ); (2) @entity2357 +repeatability file (REP); (3) first derivative of spectral data+ @entity2357 ; (4) first derivative+REP+ @entity2357 ; (5) second derivative of spectral data+ @entity2357 ; and (6) second derivative+REP+ @entity2357 . Methods were compared on the basis of the cross-validation coefficient of determination (R2cv), the ratio of standard deviation of GC values to the standard error of cross-validation (RPD), and the validation coefficient of determination (R2v). The third and fourth methods had, on average, the highest R2cv, RPD, and R2v. The final equations were built using all GC and the best accuracy was observed for the infrared predictions of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, @entity40707 , C18:1 trans, C18:1 cis-9, C18:1 cis, and for some groups of FA studied in milk (saturated, monounsaturated, unsaturated, short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain FA). These equations showed R2cv greater than 0.95. With R2cv equal to 0.85, the MIR prediction of polyunsaturated FA could be used to screen the @entity291 population. As previously published, infrared predictions of FA in fat are less accurate than those developed from FA content in milk (g/dL of milk) and no better results were obtained by using milk FA predictions if no corrections for bias and slope based on reference milk samples with known contents of FA were used. These results indicate the usefulness of equations with R2cv greater than 95% in milk payment systems and the usefulness of equations with R2cv greater than 75% for animal breeding purposes.

title: Mid-infrared prediction of @entity291 milk XXXX across multiple breeds, production systems, and countries.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['PLS', 'partial least squares regression']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']