abstract: Renal biopsies from 20 @entity1 with IgAN were retrospectively studied using monoclonal antibodies against T cells, monocytes/macrophages (MM), HLA-DR-related antigen and the C5b-9 neoantigen. Glomerular C5b-9 deposits were mainly found in the mesangial areas and showed an association with IgA (P < 0.005) and C3 deposits (P < 0.001). @entity1986 cells and MM were highly correlated with the interstitial DR + ve cells (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0005 respectively). Tubular C5b-9 deposition was observed on the tubular basement membranes and related to the numbers of @entity1986 cells (P < 0.005), MM (P < 0.005) and DR + ve cells (P < 0.01) as well as to the tubular DR expression (P < 0.025). The severity of @entity194 and @entity82 showed a positive correlation with the @entity1986 cells, MM and DR + ve cells, as well as with the intensity of tubular C5b-9 deposition (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05 respectively). Plasma @entity1011 on presentation was correlated with the numbers of @entity1986 cells (P < 0.05), MM (P < 0.01), interstitial DR + ve cells (P < 0.005), and tubular C5b-9 deposits (P < 0.005). No correlation between glomerular T cells, MM, and C5b-9 deposits with plasma @entity1011 was seen. During follow-up, renal function deteriorated in those @entity1 with the more extensive tubular C5b-9 deposits. In conclusion, glomerular C5b-9 deposition seems to be secondary to the IgA and C3 deposition. In contrast, tubular C5b-9 is related to the numbers of @entity1986 cells and MM. Activated interstitial mononuclear cells may lead to the tubular deposition of C5b-9, which eventually might contribute to the development of @entity8 .

title: The pathogenetic significance of C5b-9 in IgA XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial lesions (TIL) and renal function impairment']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tubular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial T', 'Interstitial T']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: @entity2106 / @entity1381 ( @entity2106 / @entity11849 ) is generally regarded to be a rare disease. The present study was undertaken to identify presenting features, prognostic variables, pathological features and outcome associated with @entity2106 / @entity11849 . The present study is a retrospective chart review of 68 @entity1 treated with plasmapheresis for @entity2106 / @entity11849 at a single tertiary referral medical institution from 1980-1992. The annual number of @entity1 with @entity2106 / @entity11849 treated with plasmapheresis increased from an average of one case per year in 1980 to nine cases per a year in 1992. The in-hospital mortality for @entity1 presenting with @entity2106 / @entity11849 was 25%. Forty four percent of @entity1 presented with an elevated serum @entity1011 , and 16% required hemodialysis support. Of the seven @entity1 who survived and required hemodialysis support only two @entity1 continued on dialysis. None of the @entity1 presenting with a normal serum @entity1011 required dialysis at any time in their course. @entity1 age, sex, presenting platelet count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin level and presence of @entity16 were not significantly associated with @entity204 or need for dialysis. The histopathological features of @entity2106 / @entity11849 (fibrin/platelet thrombi in renal vessels and glomeruli, fibrinoid @entity39 of vessel walls) were found in all five cases autopsied. The incidence of @entity2106 / @entity11849 may be increasing. Alternative possibilities for the increased frequency of cases seen include greater diagnostic suspicion and referral bias. Despite the use of plasmapheresis, mortality during the initial hospital admission was almost 25%. In retrospect prognosis could not be predicted based on admission biochemical or clinical variables. The majority of @entity1 who developed @entity810 and survived to hospital discharge recovered renal function and became independent of dialysis.

title: The renal manifestations and outcome of XXXX / @entity1381 in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['Hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

answer: @entity2106 :: (MESH:D011697,Disease) :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: @entity2106 / @entity1381 ( @entity2106 / @entity11849 ) is generally regarded to be a rare disease. The present study was undertaken to identify presenting features, prognostic variables, pathological features and outcome associated with @entity2106 / @entity11849 . The present study is a retrospective chart review of 68 @entity1 treated with plasmapheresis for @entity2106 / @entity11849 at a single tertiary referral medical institution from 1980-1992. The annual number of @entity1 with @entity2106 / @entity11849 treated with plasmapheresis increased from an average of one case per year in 1980 to nine cases per a year in 1992. The in-hospital mortality for @entity1 presenting with @entity2106 / @entity11849 was 25%. Forty four percent of @entity1 presented with an elevated serum @entity1011 , and 16% required hemodialysis support. Of the seven @entity1 who survived and required hemodialysis support only two @entity1 continued on dialysis. None of the @entity1 presenting with a normal serum @entity1011 required dialysis at any time in their course. @entity1 age, sex, presenting platelet count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin level and presence of @entity16 were not significantly associated with @entity204 or need for dialysis. The histopathological features of @entity2106 / @entity11849 (fibrin/platelet thrombi in renal vessels and glomeruli, fibrinoid @entity39 of vessel walls) were found in all five cases autopsied. The incidence of @entity2106 / @entity11849 may be increasing. Alternative possibilities for the increased frequency of cases seen include greater diagnostic suspicion and referral bias. Despite the use of plasmapheresis, mortality during the initial hospital admission was almost 25%. In retrospect prognosis could not be predicted based on admission biochemical or clinical variables. The majority of @entity1 who developed @entity810 and survived to hospital discharge recovered renal function and became independent of dialysis.

title: The renal manifestations and outcome of @entity2106 / XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although @entity189 is a well-recognized @entity5 , difficulties and misdiagnosis are still encountered in the early and on-time diagnostic process. METHODOLOGY: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity5 of the papilla of Vater, hospitalized in the 2nd Department of Surgery (1981-2000) were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 and 14 @entity1 , age varied from 39 to 84 years. @entity5 was defined as any @entity1313 , located at the papilla of Vater region. According to gross appearance of the @entity5 there were 12 pts with polypoid type without @entity1066 ; 10 pts--polypoid type with @entity1066 and 14 pts--ulcer formation type. The most common presenting signs and symptoms included: @entity1087 --94.4%; weight loss--86%; @entity490 --64%; @entity390 /vomiting--47%; pruritus--50%. The classic triad of @entity1087 , palpable @entity1085 and @entity417 with @entity360 was not present in all cases. Most valuable for the exact diagnosis were ultrasonography, computed tomography scan and careful endoscopic examination of the periampullary region before and after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with biopsy of any abnormal appearance. Local resection was done in 7 pts (predominantly polypoid type) with @entity5 size ranging 1.8-2.2 cm. Pancreatoduodenal resection was performed in 8 pts (Whipple procedure in 5 and Pylorus preserving in 3). By-pass procedure was performed in 21 pts. Biliodigestive anastomosis done alone in 14 and biliodigestive anastomosis + gastroenterostomy in 7 pts. Most commonly performed biliodigestive anastomosis was hepatico/choledocho-duodenostomy--14; hepatico-jejunostomy--6 and cholecystogastrostomy--one @entity1 . Postoperative morbidity--18% and postoperative mortality--2 pts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity189 of the papilla of Vater is a rare @entity344 . @entity5 size, gross appearance, biopsy material, lymph node metastases and UICC stage have a significant impact on the operative strategy and postoperative result.

title: XXXX of the papilla of Vater. Diagnostic and surgical problems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Papilla tumor', 'tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', "carcinoma of the Vater's papilla"]

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['occult gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Local recurrence occurs in 10 to 30% of @entity1 with @entity5 following curative resection. However treatment of choice remains controversial. We assessed the results of total pelvic exenteration for locally recurrent @entity188 retrospectively. METHODOLOGY: We reviewed medical charts of 45 @entity1 with @entity5 who underwent curative total pelvic exenteration for local recurrence. The cause of recurrence was classified into four groups: anastomotic, surgical cut-end, implantation, and lymphatic based on pathologic findings and computed tomography. Long-term survival was correlated with clinicopathologic variables. RESULTS: Postoperative morbidity was 77.8% and in-hospital death occurred in 13.3% of @entity1 . The overall 5-year survival rate was 14.1%. The 5-year survival rates stratified according to the expectation of curability were 31.6% for absolutely curative resection, 7.8% for relatively curative resection, and 0% for non-curative resection. Multivariate analysis revealed that the disease-free interval was the only independent prognostic factor. There was no benefit from perioperative radiation or intraoperative continuous pelvic peritoneal perfusion of the pelvis. CONCLUSIONS: Total pelvic exenteration for local recurrence of @entity5 can achieve long-term survival when curative resection is possible and the disease-free interval is long.

title: Outcome of total pelvic exenteration for locally recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the rectum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: 1. Two broiler experimentss and a layer experiments were conducted on Kunitz @entity9232 (Kti) @entity1460 (SB) of low @entity9232 (TI) activity to determine their nutritive value when included as mash in least-cost poultry diets. 2. Experiment 1 compared @entity1573 performance on the Kti or raw SB using a commercial full-fat SB meal (FFSBM) and a solvent extracted SB meal (SBM) as controls during a 20 d experimental period. Broiler experiment 2 compared Kti and raw SB, non-steamed, or steam-pelleted with and without @entity7836 supplementation added to every treatment containing 170 g SB/kg. For each broiler experiment the levels of each SB were 70, 120 and 170 g/kg with the control birds fed only 170 g SB/kg. 3. The layer experiment, compared steam-pelleted Kti and raw SB against a non-steamed Kti and raw SB each fed at two levels (70 and 110 g/kg) x 30 replicates from 29 weeks of age for 19 weeks in a completely randomised design. Production parameters were measured when diets were formulated to contain minimum required specifications and calculated apparent metabolisable energy (AME). At the completion of each trial, 2 broiler birds from each cage and 5 layer birds per treatment were killed, weighed, and their liver and pancreas weighed. 4. Both broiler experiments indicated that production parameters on the Kti SB treatments were significantly lower (P<0.05) than on the two commercial control SB treatments. However, the Kti treatments were superior to the raw SB treatments. 5. Pancreas weight increased with increasing inclusion of both raw and Kti SB, suggesting that a TI was causing the @entity308 in performance. The AME of the Kti SB was similar to that of commercial FFSB meal. After steam conditioning, the raw SB meal AME value of 9.5 MJ/kg @entity62 ( @entity62 ) was improved to 14.1 MJ/kg @entity62 by reduced TI activity, but this AME improvement with TI activity reduction, plus the supplementation with @entity7836 on birds fed the raw SB had no effect (P>0.05) on any parameter evaluated in experiment 2. 6. The layer experiment showed that hens on the Kti SB treatments had significantly greater live weight gain (LWG), egg weight and daily egg mass than birds given raw SB. A reduced food intake (FI) was observed in the Kti treatments but egg mass was generally similar to that on the FFSB control diet, indicating that Kti SB supported excellent egg production at an inclusion of 110 g/kg. The depressed performance observed for broiler chicks suggest that younger birds are more susceptible to the effects of SB TI.

title: Effects of heat treatment on the nutritional value of raw XXXX selected for low @entity9232 activity.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity7836 :: ('CHEBI:16811', 'Chemical') :: ['DL-methionine']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['dry matter', 'DM']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: 1. Two broiler experimentss and a layer experiments were conducted on Kunitz @entity9232 (Kti) @entity1460 (SB) of low @entity9232 (TI) activity to determine their nutritive value when included as mash in least-cost poultry diets. 2. Experiment 1 compared @entity1573 performance on the Kti or raw SB using a commercial full-fat SB meal (FFSBM) and a solvent extracted SB meal (SBM) as controls during a 20 d experimental period. Broiler experiment 2 compared Kti and raw SB, non-steamed, or steam-pelleted with and without @entity7836 supplementation added to every treatment containing 170 g SB/kg. For each broiler experiment the levels of each SB were 70, 120 and 170 g/kg with the control birds fed only 170 g SB/kg. 3. The layer experiment, compared steam-pelleted Kti and raw SB against a non-steamed Kti and raw SB each fed at two levels (70 and 110 g/kg) x 30 replicates from 29 weeks of age for 19 weeks in a completely randomised design. Production parameters were measured when diets were formulated to contain minimum required specifications and calculated apparent metabolisable energy (AME). At the completion of each trial, 2 broiler birds from each cage and 5 layer birds per treatment were killed, weighed, and their liver and pancreas weighed. 4. Both broiler experiments indicated that production parameters on the Kti SB treatments were significantly lower (P<0.05) than on the two commercial control SB treatments. However, the Kti treatments were superior to the raw SB treatments. 5. Pancreas weight increased with increasing inclusion of both raw and Kti SB, suggesting that a TI was causing the @entity308 in performance. The AME of the Kti SB was similar to that of commercial FFSB meal. After steam conditioning, the raw SB meal AME value of 9.5 MJ/kg @entity62 ( @entity62 ) was improved to 14.1 MJ/kg @entity62 by reduced TI activity, but this AME improvement with TI activity reduction, plus the supplementation with @entity7836 on birds fed the raw SB had no effect (P>0.05) on any parameter evaluated in experiment 2. 6. The layer experiment showed that hens on the Kti SB treatments had significantly greater live weight gain (LWG), egg weight and daily egg mass than birds given raw SB. A reduced food intake (FI) was observed in the Kti treatments but egg mass was generally similar to that on the FFSB control diet, indicating that Kti SB supported excellent egg production at an inclusion of 110 g/kg. The depressed performance observed for broiler chicks suggest that younger birds are more susceptible to the effects of SB TI.

title: Effects of heat treatment on the nutritional value of raw @entity1460 selected for low XXXX activity.

answer: @entity9232 :: (548021(Tax:3847),Gene) :: ['trypsin inhibitor']


abstract: Endothelium-derived @entity842 (NO) is a potent in vitro inhibitor of platelet adhesion and aggregation, but its role in regulating platelet reactivity in vivo and in @entity1 in particular is undefined. Our primary objective was to determine whether the in vivo inhibition of NO production shortens template bleeding time (BT). The hemodynamic and platelet effects of @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ), an NO synthase inhibitor, were studied in 12 normal volunteers. Forearm template BT was determined before and 15 min after the intravenous (i.v.) infusion of 4.3 mg/kg @entity7293 . @entity7293 infusion increased mean arterial pressure from 88 +/- 4 to 99 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.0001). Plasma NO levels, determined by chemiluminescence, decreased 65 +/- 10% from basal values (p < 0.05), confirming inhibition of endogenous NO production. Intravenous @entity7293 shortened BT from 5.5 +/- 0.9 to 4.0 +/- 0.6 min (p = 0.026), or by 24 +/- 8% (p = 0.008). @entity7293 infusion did not significantly change ex vivo @entity1423 . To determine whether vasoconstriction affected BT, we investigated forearm blood flow (FBF; determined by venous occlusion plethymography), and template BT in 3 subjects after the local infusion of @entity7293 (2-4 mg/min intraarterially, i.a.). Intraarterial administration of @entity7293 caused a 39 +/- 3% (p = 0.006) reduction in FBF in the infused arm but did not change BT. These data show that systemic inhibition of NO production shortens BT in @entity1 . However, the precise mechanism by which @entity7293 shortens BT is not completely defined.

title: Effect of XXXX synthase inhibition on bleeding time in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-mono-methyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Endothelium-derived @entity842 (NO) is a potent in vitro inhibitor of platelet adhesion and aggregation, but its role in regulating platelet reactivity in vivo and in @entity1 in particular is undefined. Our primary objective was to determine whether the in vivo inhibition of NO production shortens template bleeding time (BT). The hemodynamic and platelet effects of @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ), an NO synthase inhibitor, were studied in 12 normal volunteers. Forearm template BT was determined before and 15 min after the intravenous (i.v.) infusion of 4.3 mg/kg @entity7293 . @entity7293 infusion increased mean arterial pressure from 88 +/- 4 to 99 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.0001). Plasma NO levels, determined by chemiluminescence, decreased 65 +/- 10% from basal values (p < 0.05), confirming inhibition of endogenous NO production. Intravenous @entity7293 shortened BT from 5.5 +/- 0.9 to 4.0 +/- 0.6 min (p = 0.026), or by 24 +/- 8% (p = 0.008). @entity7293 infusion did not significantly change ex vivo @entity1423 . To determine whether vasoconstriction affected BT, we investigated forearm blood flow (FBF; determined by venous occlusion plethymography), and template BT in 3 subjects after the local infusion of @entity7293 (2-4 mg/min intraarterially, i.a.). Intraarterial administration of @entity7293 caused a 39 +/- 3% (p = 0.006) reduction in FBF in the infused arm but did not change BT. These data show that systemic inhibition of NO production shortens BT in @entity1 . However, the precise mechanism by which @entity7293 shortens BT is not completely defined.

title: Effect of @entity842 synthase inhibition on bleeding time in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Very little is known about childhood @entity302 in Bangladesh. This study was conducted within a national @entity1 's hospital in Dhaka city to provide baseline information on diagnosis and clinical outcomes of 151 @entity1 (98 males, 53 females, age range between 2 months to 15 years, median age of 3 years). @entity1 who presented with recurrent unprovoked @entity410 were followed up in an @entity302 clinic for at least 1 year. Of presenting families, 68.3% were from middle-income and lower-income groups. A history of perinatal @entity1763 and @entity410 was present in 46.4% and 41.1% of @entity1 respectively. Generalized, partial, and unclassifiable @entity302 were found in 63.6%, 25.2%, and 11.2% respectively. Severe outcome (malignant) @entity302 syndromes were diagnosed in 14.6%. @entity302 was found in 61%. Poor cognitive development was present in 72.8% and poor adaptive behaviour in 57%. Poor @entity410 remission occurred in 50.3%. Factors most predictive of poor @entity410 remission were: multiple types of @entity410 , poor cognition at presentation, high rates of @entity410 , associated motor disability, and EEG abnormalities. The study suggests that most @entity1 presenting at tertiary hospitals for @entity410 disorders come late and with associated neurodevelopmental morbidities. Specialized services are needed closer to their homes. The process for establishing early referral and comprehensive management of childhood @entity302 in Bangladesh requires further study.

title: Profile of childhood XXXX in Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'neonatal seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy', 'Symptomatic epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Cardioplegic solutions that arrest the heart at or near the resting membrane potential may provide better myocardial protection than standard depolarizing @entity6564 by reducing both metabolic demand and harmful transmembrane ion fluxes. This hypothesis was investigated in an isolated, blood-perfused, @entity95 heart Langendorff model during 30 minutes of normothermic global @entity63 . Hyperpolarized @entity1167 induced by aprikalim, an opener of @entity855 -dependent @entity972 channels, was compared with @entity6564 depolarized arrest and with unprotected global @entity63 . Left ventricular pressure was recorded over a wide range of balloon volumes before @entity63 and 30 minutes after reperfusion. End-diastolic pressure versus balloon volume data were fitted to a two-coefficient exponential relationship. Changes in the diastolic compliance of the left ventricle were assessed by comparison of preischemic and postischemic coefficients within each cardioplegia group. Postischemic recovery of developed pressure was used to assess changes in left ventricular systolic function. The tissue water content of each heart was also determined. Myocardial protection with aprikalim resulted in better postischemic recovery of developed pressure (90% +/- 9%) than either protection with @entity6564 (73% +/- 11%) or no protection (62% +/- 9%). Myocardial tissue water content in hearts protected with @entity6564 (77.4% +/- 1.4%) was less than the tissue water content of either unprotected hearts (79.4% +/- 1.2%) or hearts protected with aprikalim (78.7% +/- 0.9%). Despite these differences, neither @entity6564 (p = 0.15) nor aprikalim cardioplegia (p = 0.30) was associated with a significant postischemic decrease in ventricular compliance. By contrast, unprotected global @entity63 was associated with a significant decrease in ventricular compliance (p < 0.001).

title: Hyperpolarized @entity1167 with a XXXX -channel opener, aprikalim.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity6564 :: ('MESH:D020513', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemic cardioplegia', 'hyperkalemic']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: Cardioplegic solutions that arrest the heart at or near the resting membrane potential may provide better myocardial protection than standard depolarizing @entity6564 by reducing both metabolic demand and harmful transmembrane ion fluxes. This hypothesis was investigated in an isolated, blood-perfused, @entity95 heart Langendorff model during 30 minutes of normothermic global @entity63 . Hyperpolarized @entity1167 induced by aprikalim, an opener of @entity855 -dependent @entity972 channels, was compared with @entity6564 depolarized arrest and with unprotected global @entity63 . Left ventricular pressure was recorded over a wide range of balloon volumes before @entity63 and 30 minutes after reperfusion. End-diastolic pressure versus balloon volume data were fitted to a two-coefficient exponential relationship. Changes in the diastolic compliance of the left ventricle were assessed by comparison of preischemic and postischemic coefficients within each cardioplegia group. Postischemic recovery of developed pressure was used to assess changes in left ventricular systolic function. The tissue water content of each heart was also determined. Myocardial protection with aprikalim resulted in better postischemic recovery of developed pressure (90% +/- 9%) than either protection with @entity6564 (73% +/- 11%) or no protection (62% +/- 9%). Myocardial tissue water content in hearts protected with @entity6564 (77.4% +/- 1.4%) was less than the tissue water content of either unprotected hearts (79.4% +/- 1.2%) or hearts protected with aprikalim (78.7% +/- 0.9%). Despite these differences, neither @entity6564 (p = 0.15) nor aprikalim cardioplegia (p = 0.30) was associated with a significant postischemic decrease in ventricular compliance. By contrast, unprotected global @entity63 was associated with a significant decrease in ventricular compliance (p < 0.001).

title: Hyperpolarized XXXX with a @entity972 -channel opener, aprikalim.

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: An international series of pulmonary retransplantation was updated to identify the predictors of outcome and the prevalence and recurrence rate of @entity5924 after operation. The study cohort included 139 @entity1 who underwent retransplantation in 34 institutions in North America and Europe between 1985 and 1994. Eighty @entity1 underwent retransplantation because of @entity5924 , 34 because of @entity810 , 13 because of intractable airway complications, 8 because of acute rejection, and 4 because of other indications. Survivors were followed up for a median of 630 days, with 48 @entity1 alive at 1 year, 30 at 2 years, and 16 at 3 years after retransplantation. Actuarial survival was 65% +/- 4% at 1 month, 54% +/- 4% at 3 months, 45% +/- 4% at 1 year, 38% +/- 5% at 2 years, and 36% +/- 5% at 3 years; nonetheless, of 90-day postoperative survivors, 65% +/- 6% were alive 3 years after retransplantation. Life-table and univariate Cox analysis revealed that more recent year of retransplantation (p = 0.009), identical match of @entity6910 (p = 0.01), absence of a donor-recipient cytomegalovirus mismatch (p = 0.04), and being ambulatory immediately before retransplantation (p = 0.04) were associated with survival. By multivariate Cox analysis, being ambulatory before retransplantation was the most significant predictor of survival (p = 0.008), followed by reoperation in Europe (p = 0.044). Complete pulmonary function tests were done yearly in every survivor of retransplantation and @entity4154 stages were assigned. Eleven percent of @entity1 were in stage 3 at 1 year, 20% at 2 years, and 25% at 3 years after retransplantation. Values of forced expiratory volume in 1 second decreased from 1.89 +/- 0.13 L early after retransplantation to 1.80 +/- 0.15 L at 1 year and 1.54 +/- 0.16 L at 2 years (p = 0.006, year 2 versus baseline postoperative value). Most of this decrease occurred in @entity1 who underwent retransplantation because of @entity5924 , whereas the pulmonary function of @entity1 who underwent retransplantation because of other conditions did not significantly change. We conclude that survival after pulmonary retransplantation is improving. Optimal results can be obtained in @entity1 who are ambulatory before retransplantation. Compared with recent data after primary lung transplantation, @entity4154 does not appear to recur in an accelerated manner after retransplantation. As long as early mortality as a result of infection can be minimized, pulmonary retransplantation appears to offer a reasonable option in highly selected @entity1 .

title: Recurrence of XXXX and determinants of outcome in 139 pulmonary retransplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6910 :: ('28', 'Gene') :: ['ABO blood group']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['obliterative bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft failure']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

answer: @entity5924 :: (MESH:D001988,Disease) :: ['obliterative bronchiolitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is little information available concerning plasma concentrations of @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) in @entity1 with a @entity1757 . The aim of the present study was to determine hemodynamic factors that control plasma concentrations of @entity3876 and the clinical implications of @entity3876 compared with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in @entity1 with @entity1757 . METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity1757 (28 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 ) without @entity358 were enrolled. The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 3 months to 13 years (mean 3.1 years). Plasma @entity3876 and ANP were determined by immunoradiometric assay. Hemodynamic variables derived from cardiac catheterization were analyzed in terms of correlation with @entity3876 and ANP. RESULTS: It was found that plasma @entity3876 significantly positively correlated with ANP (ANP = 2.1 x @entity3876 + 25 pg/mL; r = 0.81, P < 0.0001) and @entity3876 never exceeded ANP in the present @entity1 series. Plasma @entity3876 as well as ANP significantly positively correlated with pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (r = 0.65 and r = 0.59, respectively) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.72 and r = 0.68, respectively). In addition, plasma @entity3876 of > or =20 pg/mL and ANP of > or =50 pg/mL identified @entity1 with mean pulmonary artery pressure of > or =20 mmHg with a sensitivity of 82% and 97%, respectively, and a specificity of 89% and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Plasma @entity3876 and ANP reflect pressure and volume loads to the pulmonary artery and right ventricle and may help to identify @entity1 with @entity1757 complicated by @entity120 that demands early intervention.

title: Clinical implication of plasma natriuretic peptides in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular disease']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is little information available concerning plasma concentrations of @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) in @entity1 with a @entity1757 . The aim of the present study was to determine hemodynamic factors that control plasma concentrations of @entity3876 and the clinical implications of @entity3876 compared with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in @entity1 with @entity1757 . METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity1757 (28 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 ) without @entity358 were enrolled. The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 3 months to 13 years (mean 3.1 years). Plasma @entity3876 and ANP were determined by immunoradiometric assay. Hemodynamic variables derived from cardiac catheterization were analyzed in terms of correlation with @entity3876 and ANP. RESULTS: It was found that plasma @entity3876 significantly positively correlated with ANP (ANP = 2.1 x @entity3876 + 25 pg/mL; r = 0.81, P < 0.0001) and @entity3876 never exceeded ANP in the present @entity1 series. Plasma @entity3876 as well as ANP significantly positively correlated with pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (r = 0.65 and r = 0.59, respectively) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.72 and r = 0.68, respectively). In addition, plasma @entity3876 of > or =20 pg/mL and ANP of > or =50 pg/mL identified @entity1 with mean pulmonary artery pressure of > or =20 mmHg with a sensitivity of 82% and 97%, respectively, and a specificity of 89% and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Plasma @entity3876 and ANP reflect pressure and volume loads to the pulmonary artery and right ventricle and may help to identify @entity1 with @entity1757 complicated by @entity120 that demands early intervention.

title: Clinical implication of plasma natriuretic peptides in XXXX with @entity1757 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The current study was conducted to compare neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with concurrent chemotherapy for efficacy, @entity137 and compliance of locoregionally advanced @entity189 ( @entity189 ). Eligible @entity1 were randomized to NACT + radiotherapy (RT) + adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) arm or concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT) + AC arm. Two arms received same conventional RT at a planned dose of 70 Gy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy comprised @entity900 90 mg/m(2) (30 mg/m(2)/day) and @entity1487 1,500 mg/m(2) (500 mg/m(2)/day) over 3 days for two 21-day cycles. The same regimen at equal dosage was administered on the 1st and 22nd days of the radiotherapy as concurrent chemotherapy. Four cycles of the same chemotherapy regimen were given to both two arms as AC. A total of 338 @entity189 @entity1 were recruited. 170 @entity1 were randomized to NACT arm and 168 @entity1 to CCRT arm. The median duration of follow-up was 38 months. The 3-year OS and DFS rates were 95.9 versus 94.5% (P = 0.54) and 78.5 versus 82.5% (P = 0.16), respectively, in NACT and CCRT arms. An unplanned subgroup analysis according to the N-classification suggested that CCRT improves @entity1614 in @entity1 with N0-1 disease (80.1 vs. 94.9%, P = 0.034). Among the acute @entity137 observed, the rates of grade 3/4 @entity33 (52.4 vs. 35.9% P = 0.023) and @entity391 (13.7 vs. 4.7% P = 0.000) were significantly higher in CCRT arm. Our preliminary results only showed an advantage of CCRT over NACT in @entity189 @entity1 with @entity66 in @entity1614 . More acute @entity137 were observed in CCRT arm and a trend of better tolerance was observed in NACT arm.

title: Preliminary results of a phase III randomized study comparing chemotherapy neoadjuvantly or concurrently with radiotherapy for locoregionally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['limited N disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: The RAS gene family encodes signal transducing proteins which are involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Constitutively 'activating' point mutations of RAS have been detected at high frequency in preleukaemia and acute @entity1778 , however, the distribution of expression of @entity8498 in normal or preleukaemic primary haematopoietic cells has not been studied. We have examined the expression of @entity8498 and its negative regulator/downstream effector, @entity33700 , in combination with lineage-specific cluster of differentiation markers in normal and preleukaemic myeloid bone marrow cells using flow cytometry. Normal bone marrow was characterized by low and uniform levels of @entity8498 expression throughout all lineages analysed. In contrast, 28% (9/32) of @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) over-expressed @entity8498 . In three of these @entity1 a single over-expressing peak of @entity8498 expression was observed, with no evidence of a population exhibiting expression within the normal range. In 6/32 @entity2590 @entity1 over-expression of @entity8498 was observed only in a subpopulation of the myeloid cells. Follow-up samples were analysed in three of these six @entity1 ; over-expression was confirmed in each @entity1 and in two @entity1 a relative expansion of the over-expressing cell population was observed. Eight out of nine of the @entity1 with aberrant @entity8498 expression were diagnosed with low-risk @entity2590 . From 21 @entity2590 @entity1 screened for @entity33700 expression, no reduction or loss of expression was observed, however, one @entity3052 @entity1 demonstrated a heterogeneous pattern of expression. @entity33700 expression was lower (P < 0.05) in the @entity3052 group than in normals. The results of the study suggest that over-expression of the RAS gene product, @entity8498 , may represent an alternative or additional mechanism of activation of the RAS signalling pathway and that this may play a role in leukaemogenesis, however, there is no evidence from this study that loss of @entity33700 expression is a feature of @entity2590 .

title: Aberrant expression of @entity8498 but not @entity33700 is a common feature of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'myelodysplasia', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplasia']


abstract: The RAS gene family encodes signal transducing proteins which are involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Constitutively 'activating' point mutations of RAS have been detected at high frequency in preleukaemia and acute @entity1778 , however, the distribution of expression of @entity8498 in normal or preleukaemic primary haematopoietic cells has not been studied. We have examined the expression of @entity8498 and its negative regulator/downstream effector, @entity33700 , in combination with lineage-specific cluster of differentiation markers in normal and preleukaemic myeloid bone marrow cells using flow cytometry. Normal bone marrow was characterized by low and uniform levels of @entity8498 expression throughout all lineages analysed. In contrast, 28% (9/32) of @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) over-expressed @entity8498 . In three of these @entity1 a single over-expressing peak of @entity8498 expression was observed, with no evidence of a population exhibiting expression within the normal range. In 6/32 @entity2590 @entity1 over-expression of @entity8498 was observed only in a subpopulation of the myeloid cells. Follow-up samples were analysed in three of these six @entity1 ; over-expression was confirmed in each @entity1 and in two @entity1 a relative expansion of the over-expressing cell population was observed. Eight out of nine of the @entity1 with aberrant @entity8498 expression were diagnosed with low-risk @entity2590 . From 21 @entity2590 @entity1 screened for @entity33700 expression, no reduction or loss of expression was observed, however, one @entity3052 @entity1 demonstrated a heterogeneous pattern of expression. @entity33700 expression was lower (P < 0.05) in the @entity3052 group than in normals. The results of the study suggest that over-expression of the RAS gene product, @entity8498 , may represent an alternative or additional mechanism of activation of the RAS signalling pathway and that this may play a role in leukaemogenesis, however, there is no evidence from this study that loss of @entity33700 expression is a feature of @entity2590 .

title: Aberrant expression of @entity8498 but not XXXX is a common feature of @entity2590 .

answer: @entity33700 :: (5921,Gene) :: ['p120GAP']


abstract: The RAS gene family encodes signal transducing proteins which are involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Constitutively 'activating' point mutations of RAS have been detected at high frequency in preleukaemia and acute @entity1778 , however, the distribution of expression of @entity8498 in normal or preleukaemic primary haematopoietic cells has not been studied. We have examined the expression of @entity8498 and its negative regulator/downstream effector, @entity33700 , in combination with lineage-specific cluster of differentiation markers in normal and preleukaemic myeloid bone marrow cells using flow cytometry. Normal bone marrow was characterized by low and uniform levels of @entity8498 expression throughout all lineages analysed. In contrast, 28% (9/32) of @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) over-expressed @entity8498 . In three of these @entity1 a single over-expressing peak of @entity8498 expression was observed, with no evidence of a population exhibiting expression within the normal range. In 6/32 @entity2590 @entity1 over-expression of @entity8498 was observed only in a subpopulation of the myeloid cells. Follow-up samples were analysed in three of these six @entity1 ; over-expression was confirmed in each @entity1 and in two @entity1 a relative expansion of the over-expressing cell population was observed. Eight out of nine of the @entity1 with aberrant @entity8498 expression were diagnosed with low-risk @entity2590 . From 21 @entity2590 @entity1 screened for @entity33700 expression, no reduction or loss of expression was observed, however, one @entity3052 @entity1 demonstrated a heterogeneous pattern of expression. @entity33700 expression was lower (P < 0.05) in the @entity3052 group than in normals. The results of the study suggest that over-expression of the RAS gene product, @entity8498 , may represent an alternative or additional mechanism of activation of the RAS signalling pathway and that this may play a role in leukaemogenesis, however, there is no evidence from this study that loss of @entity33700 expression is a feature of @entity2590 .

title: Aberrant expression of XXXX but not @entity33700 is a common feature of @entity2590 .

answer: @entity8498 :: (3265,Gene) :: ['p21RAS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe presumptive risk factors (RFs) for childhood @entity385 ( @entity385 ) and explore their relationship with presentation, age, geography, and @entity1188 characteristics. METHODS: @entity1 (29 days-18 years) were prospectively enrolled in the International Pediatric @entity64 Study. Risk factors, defined conditions thought to be associated with childhood @entity385 , were divided into 10 categories. Chi-square tests were used to compare RFs prevalence across regions and age; logistic regression was used to determine whether RFs were associated with particular features at presentation or @entity1188 characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 676 @entity1 were included. No identifiable RFs was present in 54 (9%). RFs in others included @entity4065 (53%), @entity299 ( @entity299 ) (31%), @entity281 (24%), @entity135 ( @entity135 ) (23%), acute systemic conditions (ASCs) (22%), chronic systemic conditions (CSCs) (19%), prothrombotic states (PTSs) (13%), @entity135 ( @entity135 ) (10%), @entity731 -related RFs (2%), and other (22%). Fifty-two percent had multiple RFs. There was lower prevalence of @entity4065 in Asia, lower prevalence of CSCs in Europe and Australia, higher prevalence of PTSs in Europe, and higher prevalence of ASCs in Asia and South America. Prevalence of @entity299 and ASCs was highest in preschoolers, @entity4065 in @entity1 5 to 9 years old, and @entity135 were highest in @entity1 aged 10 to 14 years. Arteriopathies were associated with focal signs and ASCs, @entity135 , and @entity135 with diffuse signs. Arteriopathies, CSCs, and ASCs were associated with @entity1188 and @entity299 with hemorrhagic conversion. INTERPRETATION: RFs, especially @entity4065 , are common in childhood @entity385 . Variations in RFs by age or geography may inform prioritization of investigations and targeted preventative strategies.

title: Arterial @entity385 risk factors: the International Pediatric XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['AHNDs', 'chronic head and neck disorders', 'acute head and neck disorders', 'CHNDs']

entities_list: @entity4065 :: ('MESH:C537440', 'Disease') :: ['arteriopathies', 'arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CDs', 'cardiac disorders']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'arterial ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe presumptive risk factors (RFs) for childhood @entity385 ( @entity385 ) and explore their relationship with presentation, age, geography, and @entity1188 characteristics. METHODS: @entity1 (29 days-18 years) were prospectively enrolled in the International Pediatric @entity64 Study. Risk factors, defined conditions thought to be associated with childhood @entity385 , were divided into 10 categories. Chi-square tests were used to compare RFs prevalence across regions and age; logistic regression was used to determine whether RFs were associated with particular features at presentation or @entity1188 characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 676 @entity1 were included. No identifiable RFs was present in 54 (9%). RFs in others included @entity4065 (53%), @entity299 ( @entity299 ) (31%), @entity281 (24%), @entity135 ( @entity135 ) (23%), acute systemic conditions (ASCs) (22%), chronic systemic conditions (CSCs) (19%), prothrombotic states (PTSs) (13%), @entity135 ( @entity135 ) (10%), @entity731 -related RFs (2%), and other (22%). Fifty-two percent had multiple RFs. There was lower prevalence of @entity4065 in Asia, lower prevalence of CSCs in Europe and Australia, higher prevalence of PTSs in Europe, and higher prevalence of ASCs in Asia and South America. Prevalence of @entity299 and ASCs was highest in preschoolers, @entity4065 in @entity1 5 to 9 years old, and @entity135 were highest in @entity1 aged 10 to 14 years. Arteriopathies were associated with focal signs and ASCs, @entity135 , and @entity135 with diffuse signs. Arteriopathies, CSCs, and ASCs were associated with @entity1188 and @entity299 with hemorrhagic conversion. INTERPRETATION: RFs, especially @entity4065 , are common in childhood @entity385 . Variations in RFs by age or geography may inform prioritization of investigations and targeted preventative strategies.

title: Arterial XXXX risk factors: the International Pediatric @entity64 Study.

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Previous studies have suggested that @entity1 with @entity355 may be at increased risk of @entity14 , though the association is disputed. In a multicentre prospective study we compared the prevalence of @entity2513 in @entity1 with @entity355 and controls. @entity355 @entity1 (n = 104) had histological confirmation of columnar epithelium extending more than 3 cm above the gastro-oesophageal junction. The 537 controls were @entity1 with symptoms suggesting @entity1744 . No @entity1 had a personal history of @entity694 . Each @entity1 underwent colonoscopy. Histologically proven @entity652 were found in 26 Barrett's @entity1 (25%) and 75 controls (14%). Three @entity14 were discovered in each group. The prevalence of @entity652 was greater in the @entity355 group than in the control group (p < 0.01) but the relation became non-significant after adjustment for age and sex and control for other known risk factors by a logistic regression model (odds ratio 1.4 [0.7-2.7]). The relative risk of @entity652 was significantly higher in @entity1 older than 59 than in younger @entity1 (2.2 [1.3-3.5]) and in @entity1 than in @entity1 (3.4 [2.0-5.7]). Other factors contributing significantly to the risk of @entity652 were a family history of @entity14 (2.3 [1.1-4.8]), @entity548 (2.1 [1.1-3.9]), previous colonic investigation (0.3 [0.1-0.7]), and complete as opposed to partial colonoscopy (6.4 [0.8-48.3]). We conclude that @entity355 is not an independent risk factor for @entity14 and, therefore, is not, in itself an indication for colorectal screening.

title: Multicentre prospective controlled study of @entity355 and XXXX . Groupe d'Etude de l'Oesophage de Barrett.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus"]

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: Previous studies have suggested that @entity1 with @entity355 may be at increased risk of @entity14 , though the association is disputed. In a multicentre prospective study we compared the prevalence of @entity2513 in @entity1 with @entity355 and controls. @entity355 @entity1 (n = 104) had histological confirmation of columnar epithelium extending more than 3 cm above the gastro-oesophageal junction. The 537 controls were @entity1 with symptoms suggesting @entity1744 . No @entity1 had a personal history of @entity694 . Each @entity1 underwent colonoscopy. Histologically proven @entity652 were found in 26 Barrett's @entity1 (25%) and 75 controls (14%). Three @entity14 were discovered in each group. The prevalence of @entity652 was greater in the @entity355 group than in the control group (p < 0.01) but the relation became non-significant after adjustment for age and sex and control for other known risk factors by a logistic regression model (odds ratio 1.4 [0.7-2.7]). The relative risk of @entity652 was significantly higher in @entity1 older than 59 than in younger @entity1 (2.2 [1.3-3.5]) and in @entity1 than in @entity1 (3.4 [2.0-5.7]). Other factors contributing significantly to the risk of @entity652 were a family history of @entity14 (2.3 [1.1-4.8]), @entity548 (2.1 [1.1-3.9]), previous colonic investigation (0.3 [0.1-0.7]), and complete as opposed to partial colonoscopy (6.4 [0.8-48.3]). We conclude that @entity355 is not an independent risk factor for @entity14 and, therefore, is not, in itself an indication for colorectal screening.

title: Multicentre prospective controlled study of XXXX and @entity2513 . Groupe d'Etude de l'Oesophage de Barrett.

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's oesophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Randomized trials of radiotherapy and surgery for early @entity0 may have been too small to detect differences in long-term survival and recurrence reliably. We therefore performed a systematic overview (meta-analysis) of the results of such trials. METHODS: Information was sought on each subject from investigators who conducted trials that began before 1985 and that compared local therapies for early @entity0 . Data on mortality were available from 36 trials comparing radiotherapy plus surgery with the same type of surgery alone, 10 comparing more extensive surgery with less extensive surgery, and 18 comparing more extensive surgery with less extensive surgery plus radiotherapy. Information on mortality was available for 28,405 @entity1 (97.4 percent of the 29,175 @entity1 in the trials). RESULTS: The addition of radiotherapy to surgery resulted in a rate of local recurrence that was three times lower than the rate with surgery alone, but there was no significant difference in 10-year survival; among a total of 17,273 @entity1 enrolled in such trials, mortality was 40.3 percent with radiotherapy and 41.4 percent without radiotherapy (P = 0.3). Radiotherapy was associated with a reduced risk of @entity204 due to @entity0 (odds ratio, 0.94; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.00; P = 0.03), which indicates that, after 10 years, there would be about 0 to 5 fewer @entity204 due to @entity0 per 100 @entity1 . However, there was an increased risk of @entity204 from other causes (odds ratio, 1.24; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.42; P = 0.002). This, together with the age-specific @entity204 rates, implies, after 10 years, a few extra @entity204 not due to @entity0 per 100 older @entity1 or per 1000 younger @entity1 . During the first decade or two after diagnosis, the excess in the rate of such @entity204 that was associated with radiotherapy was much greater @entity1 who were over 60 years of age at randomization (15.3 percent vs. 11.1 percent [339 vs. 249 @entity204 ]) than among those under 50 (2.5 percent vs. 2.0 percent [62 vs. 49 @entity204 ]). Breast-conserving surgery involved some risk of recurrence in the remaining tissue, but no significant differences in overall survival at 10 years were found in the studies of mastectomy versus breast-conserving surgery plus radiotherapy (4891 @entity1 ), more extensive surgery versus less extensive surgery (4818 @entity1 ), or axillary clearance versus radiotherapy as adjuncts to mastectomy (4370 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Some of the local therapies for @entity0 had substantially different effects on the rates of local recurrence--such as the reduced recurrence with the addition of radiotherapy to surgery--but there were no definite differences in overall survival at 10 years.

title: Effects of radiotherapy and surgery in early XXXX . An overview of the randomized trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous findings from a clinical trial (Protocol B-06) conducted by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) indicated the worth of lumpectomy and breast irradiation for treating @entity0 . After the discovery by NSABP staff members of falsified information on @entity1 enrolled in the study by St. Luc Hospital in Montreal, separate audits were conducted at St. Luc Hospital and other participating institutions. We report the results of both audits and update the study findings through an average of 12 years of follow-up. METHODS: @entity1 with either negative or positive axillary nodes and @entity5 4 cm or less in diameter were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: total mastectomy, lumpectomy followed by breast irradiation, or lumpectomy without irradiation. Three cohorts of @entity1 were analyzed. The first cohort included all 2105 randomized @entity1 , who were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. The second cohort consisted of 1851 eligible @entity1 in the first cohort with known nodal status who agreed to be followed and who accepted their assigned therapy (among those excluded were 6 @entity1 from St. Luc Hospital who were declared ineligible because of falsified biopsy dates). The third cohort consisted of the @entity1 in the second cohort minus the 322 eligible @entity1 from St. Luc Hospital (total, 1529 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Regardless of the cohort, no significant differences were found in overall survival, disease-free survival, or survival free of disease at distant sites between the @entity1 who underwent total mastectomy and those treated by lumpectomy alone or by lumpectomy plus breast irradiation. After 12 years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of a recurrence of @entity5 in the ipsilateral breast was 35 percent in the group treated with lumpectomy alone and 10 percent in the group treated with lumpectomy and breast irradiation (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings continue to indicate that lumpectomy followed by breast irradiation is appropriate therapy for @entity1 with either negative or positive axillary nodes and @entity0 4 cm or less in diameter.

title: Reanalysis and results after 12 years of follow-up in a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy with lumpectomy with or without irradiation in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite doubts about their efficacy and concern about their safety, antithrombotic agents are often used to treat acute @entity385 . Recent experience in @entity1 with other @entity1031 suggests that low-molecular-weight heparin, which requires only subcutaneous administration once or twice daily, may be more effective and safer than standard (unfractionated) heparin. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing two dosages of low-molecular-weight heparin with placebo in the treatment of @entity385 . @entity1 were randomly assigned within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms to receive high-dose nadroparin (4100 anti-factor Xa IU twice daily), low-dose nadroparin (4100 IU once daily), or placebo subcutaneously for 10 days. The primary measure of outcome was @entity204 or dependency regarding activities of daily living six months after randomization. Secondary outcomes were @entity204 , hemorrhagic transformation of the @entity1188 , and other complications at 10 days, and @entity204 or dependency at 3 months. RESULTS: A total of 2750 @entity1 were screened for the study. Among 312 @entity1 randomized, 306 had outcomes that were analyzed at six months. Forty-five @entity1 (45 percent) in the high-dose group, 53 @entity1 (52 percent) in the low-dose group, and 68 @entity1 (65 percent) in the placebo group died or became dependent. There was a significant dose-dependent effect among the three study groups in favor of low-molecular-weight heparin (P = 0.005 by the chi-square test for trend). No significant differences among the groups in the occurrence of secondary outcomes were observed at 10 days. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity385 treated within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms, low-molecular-weight heparin was effective in improving outcomes at six months.

title: Low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare changes of body water measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), between @entity50664 and @entity3591 therapy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a prospective randomized open-label study in @entity101 outpatients. Eighty @entity1 were randomized into two groups; 1) @entity3591 5 mg/d and 2) @entity50664 10 mg/d. @entity1 were assessed for changes in total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) at week 4 and 8 after treatment. RESULTS: At baseline body water in both groups were similar. After treatment, both groups did not have significant changes in body water from baseline. Seven @entity1 in @entity3591 group (17.5%) and none of @entity50664 group developed @entity4 ; p = 0.012. Among those seven @entity1 , TBW, ECW and ICW all increased significantly from baseline. CONCLUSION: BIA did not detected changes of body water in most @entity1 . However, in @entity1 who developed @entity4 , TBW, ECW and LCW significantly increased from baseline with the greatest changes seen in extracellular compartment.

title: Comparison of changes of body water measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis between XXXX and @entity3591 therapy in @entity101 outpatients.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity50664 :: ('MESH:C060343', 'Chemical') :: ['lercanidipine']

answer: @entity50664 :: (MESH:C060343,Chemical) :: ['lercanidipine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare changes of body water measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), between @entity50664 and @entity3591 therapy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a prospective randomized open-label study in @entity101 outpatients. Eighty @entity1 were randomized into two groups; 1) @entity3591 5 mg/d and 2) @entity50664 10 mg/d. @entity1 were assessed for changes in total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) at week 4 and 8 after treatment. RESULTS: At baseline body water in both groups were similar. After treatment, both groups did not have significant changes in body water from baseline. Seven @entity1 in @entity3591 group (17.5%) and none of @entity50664 group developed @entity4 ; p = 0.012. Among those seven @entity1 , TBW, ECW and ICW all increased significantly from baseline. CONCLUSION: BIA did not detected changes of body water in most @entity1 . However, in @entity1 who developed @entity4 , TBW, ECW and LCW significantly increased from baseline with the greatest changes seen in extracellular compartment.

title: Comparison of changes of body water measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis between @entity50664 and XXXX therapy in @entity101 outpatients.

answer: @entity3591 :: (MESH:D017311,Chemical) :: ['amlodipine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare changes of body water measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), between @entity50664 and @entity3591 therapy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a prospective randomized open-label study in @entity101 outpatients. Eighty @entity1 were randomized into two groups; 1) @entity3591 5 mg/d and 2) @entity50664 10 mg/d. @entity1 were assessed for changes in total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) at week 4 and 8 after treatment. RESULTS: At baseline body water in both groups were similar. After treatment, both groups did not have significant changes in body water from baseline. Seven @entity1 in @entity3591 group (17.5%) and none of @entity50664 group developed @entity4 ; p = 0.012. Among those seven @entity1 , TBW, ECW and ICW all increased significantly from baseline. CONCLUSION: BIA did not detected changes of body water in most @entity1 . However, in @entity1 who developed @entity4 , TBW, ECW and LCW significantly increased from baseline with the greatest changes seen in extracellular compartment.

title: Comparison of changes of body water measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis between @entity50664 and @entity3591 therapy in XXXX outpatients.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Magnetic seed treatment is one of the physical pre-sowing seed treatments to enhance the performance of crop plants. In our earlier experiment, we found significant increase in germination and vigour characteristics of @entity2829 ( @entity2829 .) seeds subjected to magnetic fields. Among various combinations of @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) strength and duration, best results were obtained with @entity2194 of 100 mT for 2 h and 200 mT for 1 h exposure. The quicker germination in magnetically-exposed seeds might be due to greater activities of germination related enzymes, early hydration of membranes as well as greater molecular mobility of bulk and hydration water fractions. Thus, in the present study, changes in water uptake during imbibition and its distribution and activities of germinating enzymes during germination were investigated in @entity2829 seeds exposed to static magnetic fields of 100 and 200 mT for 2 and 1 h respectively by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The magnetically-exposed seed showed higher water uptake in phase II and III than unexposed seed. The longitudinal relaxation time T1 of seed water showed significantly higher values and hence greater molecular mobility of cellular water in magnetically-exposed seeds as compared to unexposed. Component analysis of T2 relaxation times revealed the early appearance of hydration water with least mobility and higher values of relaxation times of cytoplasmic bulk water and hydration water in magnetically-exposed over unexposed seeds. Activities of @entity72907 , dehydorgenase and protease during germination were higher in magnetically-exposed seeds as compared to unexposed. The quicker germination in magnetically-exposed seeds might be due to greater activities of germination related enzymes, early hydration of membranes as well as greater molecular mobility of bulk and hydration water fractions.

title: Characterization of water distribution and activities of enzymes during germination in magnetically-exposed XXXX ( @entity2829 ) seeds.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['magnetic field', 'MF']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: Magnetic seed treatment is one of the physical pre-sowing seed treatments to enhance the performance of crop plants. In our earlier experiment, we found significant increase in germination and vigour characteristics of @entity2829 ( @entity2829 .) seeds subjected to magnetic fields. Among various combinations of @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) strength and duration, best results were obtained with @entity2194 of 100 mT for 2 h and 200 mT for 1 h exposure. The quicker germination in magnetically-exposed seeds might be due to greater activities of germination related enzymes, early hydration of membranes as well as greater molecular mobility of bulk and hydration water fractions. Thus, in the present study, changes in water uptake during imbibition and its distribution and activities of germinating enzymes during germination were investigated in @entity2829 seeds exposed to static magnetic fields of 100 and 200 mT for 2 and 1 h respectively by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The magnetically-exposed seed showed higher water uptake in phase II and III than unexposed seed. The longitudinal relaxation time T1 of seed water showed significantly higher values and hence greater molecular mobility of cellular water in magnetically-exposed seeds as compared to unexposed. Component analysis of T2 relaxation times revealed the early appearance of hydration water with least mobility and higher values of relaxation times of cytoplasmic bulk water and hydration water in magnetically-exposed over unexposed seeds. Activities of @entity72907 , dehydorgenase and protease during germination were higher in magnetically-exposed seeds as compared to unexposed. The quicker germination in magnetically-exposed seeds might be due to greater activities of germination related enzymes, early hydration of membranes as well as greater molecular mobility of bulk and hydration water fractions.

title: Characterization of water distribution and activities of enzymes during germination in magnetically-exposed @entity2829 ( XXXX ) seeds.

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['Zea mays L']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7274 75mcg is being used for the prevention of @entity1209 . However, weight-adjusted doses in laparoscopic surgery are unevaluated. AIM: To determine the response to three doses of @entity7274 (0.5, 1.0, or 1.5mcgkg) over 72h in the postoperative period in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological procedures. DESIGN: A randomised dose-response study. SETTING: A tertiary care hospital and research institute in north India from July to December 2014. @entity1 : American society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II @entity1 , from 18 to 60 years old, undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological procedures on a day care basis. METHODS: @entity1 were randomised to receive @entity7274 0.5, 1 and 1.5mcgkg intravenously before induction of anaesthesia. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 with a complete response (i.e. who neither vomited nor required additional antiemetic drugs for @entity390 during the first 72 postoperative hours). The proportion of @entity1 having @entity390 or emetic episodes and the requirement for rescue antiemetics and analgesics during the 72-h period were recorded as secondary outcomes. RESULTS: With @entity7274 , there was a significant dose-dependent increase (37.5 vs. 67.5 vs. 75%, P<0.001) in proportion of @entity1 with a complete response during the 72h. This was associated with a significant dose-dependent decrease in the proportion of @entity1 with @entity390 (77.5 vs. 47.5 vs. 35%, P<0.001) and vomiting (47.5 vs. 32.5 vs. 12.5%, P=0.003). CONCLUSION: Following laparoscopic gynaecological surgery, intravenous @entity7274 has a dose-dependent prophylactic effect against @entity1209 during the first 72 postoperative hours. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered with Clinical trial registry of India(CTRI/2014/09/004987).

title: Evaluation of weight-adjusted doses of @entity7274 for prevention of XXXX in day care laparoscopic gynaecological surgery: A dose ranging, randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7274 :: ('MESH:C083418', 'Chemical') :: ['palonosetron', 'Palonosetron']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7274 75mcg is being used for the prevention of @entity1209 . However, weight-adjusted doses in laparoscopic surgery are unevaluated. AIM: To determine the response to three doses of @entity7274 (0.5, 1.0, or 1.5mcgkg) over 72h in the postoperative period in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological procedures. DESIGN: A randomised dose-response study. SETTING: A tertiary care hospital and research institute in north India from July to December 2014. @entity1 : American society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II @entity1 , from 18 to 60 years old, undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological procedures on a day care basis. METHODS: @entity1 were randomised to receive @entity7274 0.5, 1 and 1.5mcgkg intravenously before induction of anaesthesia. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 with a complete response (i.e. who neither vomited nor required additional antiemetic drugs for @entity390 during the first 72 postoperative hours). The proportion of @entity1 having @entity390 or emetic episodes and the requirement for rescue antiemetics and analgesics during the 72-h period were recorded as secondary outcomes. RESULTS: With @entity7274 , there was a significant dose-dependent increase (37.5 vs. 67.5 vs. 75%, P<0.001) in proportion of @entity1 with a complete response during the 72h. This was associated with a significant dose-dependent decrease in the proportion of @entity1 with @entity390 (77.5 vs. 47.5 vs. 35%, P<0.001) and vomiting (47.5 vs. 32.5 vs. 12.5%, P=0.003). CONCLUSION: Following laparoscopic gynaecological surgery, intravenous @entity7274 has a dose-dependent prophylactic effect against @entity1209 during the first 72 postoperative hours. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered with Clinical trial registry of India(CTRI/2014/09/004987).

title: Evaluation of weight-adjusted doses of XXXX for prevention of @entity1209 in day care laparoscopic gynaecological surgery: A dose ranging, randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity7274 :: (MESH:C083418,Chemical) :: ['palonosetron']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: No current studies regarding saw injuries have been published in German literature for quite some time. Despite awareness measures and safety instructions, saw accidents along with @entity130 are the most common causes of @entity5883 . Approximately 12,000 circular saw injuries occur in Germany each year. Since professional providers have increased prices due to the rising energy costs and a wide range of different home appliance saws are available, increasing use has been made of portable circular saws in the do-it-yourself market sector. @entity1 and methods: At our hospital, we evaluated the data of 51 male @entity1 with saw injuries. The present study investigated factors that may contribute to accidents involving saws. Results: 80% of the accidents occurred at home, usually on weekends or after work. 51% of the accidents happened while @entity1 cut firewood. In 84% of the cases, an electric table saw was used. The majority of @entity5883 were sustained with lower priced saws. @entity130 occurred most frequently between 11   a.m. and 2   p.m., primarily with @entity79 . Replantable amputations or partial amputations occured rarely. In 37% of the @entity1 , anatomical reconstruction using osteosynthesis and/or microsurgical techniques was performed successfully. Conclusions: Saw injuries to the hand are sustained almost exclusively by @entity1 . Serious injuries from low-priced table saws and due to the lack of protective covering are predominant. Preventive measures and mandatory training could reduce the number of saw injuries in the years to come. The results obtained by us largely confirm the data from previous publications.

title: [Saw XXXX to the Hand - Epidemiological Aspects].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to bones, tendons, blood vessels and nerves']

entities_list: @entity5883 :: ('MESH:D006230', 'Disease') :: ['severe hand injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Injuries', 'crush injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Injuries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective @entity3178 is a common cause of chronic @entity294 in the Scandinavian countries. This report comprises demographic data, clinical and endoscopic features, and occurrence of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in a large urban cohort of @entity1 with @entity11162 ( @entity11162 ) and @entity4143 ( @entity4143 ). Materials and methods A total of 795 @entity1 with @entity3178 from two hospitals in Stockholm were included. Medical records were reviewed and clinical data, including endoscopic and histological findings, were compiled. Results Forty-three percent had @entity4143 (female:male ratio 3.7:1) and 57% had @entity11162 (female:male ratio 2.7:1). The mean age at diagnosis of @entity4143 was 63 years and of @entity11162 was 59 years (p   =   0.005). Clinical features were similar in both entities, but the intensity of symptoms differed. Watery @entity294 was reported in 55% in @entity4143 @entity1 versus in 43% in @entity11162 @entity1 (p   =   0.0014), and nocturnal @entity294 in 28% versus 18% (p   =   0.002). Subtle endoscopic mucosal findings were reported in 37% of the @entity4143 @entity1 and in 25% of the @entity11162 @entity1 (p   =   0.0011). @entity6523 were found in 5.3% of all @entity1 . @entity66 occurred in 6% and @entity29 occurred in 2.1% of all @entity1 . Conclusions Clinical features of @entity11162 and @entity4143 are similar but not identical. @entity4143 seems to be a more @entity32 and @entity11162 tends to occur earlier in life. Both forms might indeed feature endoscopic findings despite the designation 'microscopic'. Our study confirms the strong association with @entity66 .

title: XXXX : a descriptive clinical cohort study of 795 @entity1 with collagenous and @entity11162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11162 :: ('MESH:D046730', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic colitis', 'LC']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['severe type of bowel inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['Microscopic colitis', 'microscopic colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac and inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis', 'CC']

answer: @entity3178 :: (MESH:D046728,Disease) :: ['Microscopic colitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective @entity3178 is a common cause of chronic @entity294 in the Scandinavian countries. This report comprises demographic data, clinical and endoscopic features, and occurrence of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in a large urban cohort of @entity1 with @entity11162 ( @entity11162 ) and @entity4143 ( @entity4143 ). Materials and methods A total of 795 @entity1 with @entity3178 from two hospitals in Stockholm were included. Medical records were reviewed and clinical data, including endoscopic and histological findings, were compiled. Results Forty-three percent had @entity4143 (female:male ratio 3.7:1) and 57% had @entity11162 (female:male ratio 2.7:1). The mean age at diagnosis of @entity4143 was 63 years and of @entity11162 was 59 years (p   =   0.005). Clinical features were similar in both entities, but the intensity of symptoms differed. Watery @entity294 was reported in 55% in @entity4143 @entity1 versus in 43% in @entity11162 @entity1 (p   =   0.0014), and nocturnal @entity294 in 28% versus 18% (p   =   0.002). Subtle endoscopic mucosal findings were reported in 37% of the @entity4143 @entity1 and in 25% of the @entity11162 @entity1 (p   =   0.0011). @entity6523 were found in 5.3% of all @entity1 . @entity66 occurred in 6% and @entity29 occurred in 2.1% of all @entity1 . Conclusions Clinical features of @entity11162 and @entity4143 are similar but not identical. @entity4143 seems to be a more @entity32 and @entity11162 tends to occur earlier in life. Both forms might indeed feature endoscopic findings despite the designation 'microscopic'. Our study confirms the strong association with @entity66 .

title: @entity3178 : a descriptive clinical cohort study of 795 @entity1 with collagenous and XXXX .

answer: @entity11162 :: (MESH:D046730,Disease) :: ['lymphocytic colitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective @entity3178 is a common cause of chronic @entity294 in the Scandinavian countries. This report comprises demographic data, clinical and endoscopic features, and occurrence of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in a large urban cohort of @entity1 with @entity11162 ( @entity11162 ) and @entity4143 ( @entity4143 ). Materials and methods A total of 795 @entity1 with @entity3178 from two hospitals in Stockholm were included. Medical records were reviewed and clinical data, including endoscopic and histological findings, were compiled. Results Forty-three percent had @entity4143 (female:male ratio 3.7:1) and 57% had @entity11162 (female:male ratio 2.7:1). The mean age at diagnosis of @entity4143 was 63 years and of @entity11162 was 59 years (p   =   0.005). Clinical features were similar in both entities, but the intensity of symptoms differed. Watery @entity294 was reported in 55% in @entity4143 @entity1 versus in 43% in @entity11162 @entity1 (p   =   0.0014), and nocturnal @entity294 in 28% versus 18% (p   =   0.002). Subtle endoscopic mucosal findings were reported in 37% of the @entity4143 @entity1 and in 25% of the @entity11162 @entity1 (p   =   0.0011). @entity6523 were found in 5.3% of all @entity1 . @entity66 occurred in 6% and @entity29 occurred in 2.1% of all @entity1 . Conclusions Clinical features of @entity11162 and @entity4143 are similar but not identical. @entity4143 seems to be a more @entity32 and @entity11162 tends to occur earlier in life. Both forms might indeed feature endoscopic findings despite the designation 'microscopic'. Our study confirms the strong association with @entity66 .

title: @entity3178 : a descriptive clinical cohort study of 795 XXXX with collagenous and @entity11162 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity136 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) are two compounds with reproducible activity against advanced @entity3123 . To evaluate the activity and feasibility of this combination chemotherapy, a multi-institutional phase II study was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 (male: female 15: 5, median age: 60.5 years), with histologically verified locally advanced or metastatic @entity3123 , were enrolled between April 2000 and March 2002. @entity136 was administered by intravenous injection at the doses of 1, 000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15, and @entity1487 800 mg/m2/day, was given by continuous intravenous infusion on days 1~5. The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. The clinical benefit response (CBR) was a composite of the @entity158 , Karnofsky performance status and body weight change measurement. RESULTS: Nineteen of the twenty @entity1 were assessable for response. The median follow-up duration was 4.6 months (0.4~15.2 months). Five @entity1 achieved a partial response and eight a stable disease. The overall response rate was 25.0%. The CBR was assessable in 12 @entity1 . The overall CBR was 41.7% (5/12). The median survival of all the @entity1 was 8.0 months. Grade 3~4 @entity137 included @entity1398 (9.3%) and @entity882 (5.3%). CONCLUSION: This study suggested that @entity136 , combined with infusional @entity1487 , was well tolerated, and produced modest antitumor activity and symptomatic relief in advanced @entity788 @entity1 .

title: @entity136 and Infusional @entity1487 in Advanced XXXX : A Clinical Benefit Response-Oriented Phase II Study.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity136 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) are two compounds with reproducible activity against advanced @entity3123 . To evaluate the activity and feasibility of this combination chemotherapy, a multi-institutional phase II study was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 (male: female 15: 5, median age: 60.5 years), with histologically verified locally advanced or metastatic @entity3123 , were enrolled between April 2000 and March 2002. @entity136 was administered by intravenous injection at the doses of 1, 000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15, and @entity1487 800 mg/m2/day, was given by continuous intravenous infusion on days 1~5. The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. The clinical benefit response (CBR) was a composite of the @entity158 , Karnofsky performance status and body weight change measurement. RESULTS: Nineteen of the twenty @entity1 were assessable for response. The median follow-up duration was 4.6 months (0.4~15.2 months). Five @entity1 achieved a partial response and eight a stable disease. The overall response rate was 25.0%. The CBR was assessable in 12 @entity1 . The overall CBR was 41.7% (5/12). The median survival of all the @entity1 was 8.0 months. Grade 3~4 @entity137 included @entity1398 (9.3%) and @entity882 (5.3%). CONCLUSION: This study suggested that @entity136 , combined with infusional @entity1487 , was well tolerated, and produced modest antitumor activity and symptomatic relief in advanced @entity788 @entity1 .

title: @entity136 and Infusional XXXX in Advanced @entity788 : A Clinical Benefit Response-Oriented Phase II Study.

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-Fluorouracil']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity136 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) are two compounds with reproducible activity against advanced @entity3123 . To evaluate the activity and feasibility of this combination chemotherapy, a multi-institutional phase II study was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 (male: female 15: 5, median age: 60.5 years), with histologically verified locally advanced or metastatic @entity3123 , were enrolled between April 2000 and March 2002. @entity136 was administered by intravenous injection at the doses of 1, 000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15, and @entity1487 800 mg/m2/day, was given by continuous intravenous infusion on days 1~5. The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. The clinical benefit response (CBR) was a composite of the @entity158 , Karnofsky performance status and body weight change measurement. RESULTS: Nineteen of the twenty @entity1 were assessable for response. The median follow-up duration was 4.6 months (0.4~15.2 months). Five @entity1 achieved a partial response and eight a stable disease. The overall response rate was 25.0%. The CBR was assessable in 12 @entity1 . The overall CBR was 41.7% (5/12). The median survival of all the @entity1 was 8.0 months. Grade 3~4 @entity137 included @entity1398 (9.3%) and @entity882 (5.3%). CONCLUSION: This study suggested that @entity136 , combined with infusional @entity1487 , was well tolerated, and produced modest antitumor activity and symptomatic relief in advanced @entity788 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and Infusional @entity1487 in Advanced @entity788 : A Clinical Benefit Response-Oriented Phase II Study.

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['Gemcitabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The increased expression of @entity2247 has been implicated in the development and progression of @entity1 @entity5 . This study investigated the @entity2247 expression in @entity14 , and its relationships with @entity5 angiogenesis and the clinicopathological factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of the @entity2247 protein and microvessel density were evaluated, using immunohistochemical methods, in 21 normal colonic mucosa and 190 @entity1 @entity14 . Correlations between @entity2247 expression and microvessel density, as well as various clinicopathological factors, were studied in @entity14 . RESULTS: The @entity2247 protein expression in epithelial cells was increased in 169 of the 190 @entity420 cases (88.9%), but in only 1 of the 21 (4.8%) normal mucosa cases. The @entity2247 expression was significantly increased in the differentiated compared with the undifferentiated @entity14 (p<0.05), and significantly correlated with the depth of invasion and microvessel density (p<0.05). @entity5 had more @entity2247 positive cases than the @entity694 (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the @entity5 size and the presence of @entity7453 . CONCLUSION: The overexpression of @entity3840 in @entity14 seems to play a role in the invasion and angiogenesis of the @entity5 , so may be a useful marker of the prognosis. The prominent expression was also demonstrated in differentiated @entity14 .

title: Expression of @entity3840 and Tumor Microvessel Density in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal cancers', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity7453 :: ('MESH:D008207', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic or vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The increased expression of @entity2247 has been implicated in the development and progression of @entity1 @entity5 . This study investigated the @entity2247 expression in @entity14 , and its relationships with @entity5 angiogenesis and the clinicopathological factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of the @entity2247 protein and microvessel density were evaluated, using immunohistochemical methods, in 21 normal colonic mucosa and 190 @entity1 @entity14 . Correlations between @entity2247 expression and microvessel density, as well as various clinicopathological factors, were studied in @entity14 . RESULTS: The @entity2247 protein expression in epithelial cells was increased in 169 of the 190 @entity420 cases (88.9%), but in only 1 of the 21 (4.8%) normal mucosa cases. The @entity2247 expression was significantly increased in the differentiated compared with the undifferentiated @entity14 (p<0.05), and significantly correlated with the depth of invasion and microvessel density (p<0.05). @entity5 had more @entity2247 positive cases than the @entity694 (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the @entity5 size and the presence of @entity7453 . CONCLUSION: The overexpression of @entity3840 in @entity14 seems to play a role in the invasion and angiogenesis of the @entity5 , so may be a useful marker of the prognosis. The prominent expression was also demonstrated in differentiated @entity14 .

title: Expression of XXXX and Tumor Microvessel Density in @entity14 .

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['Cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Food protein-induced @entity1964 (FPIES) is an uncommon, non-IgE mediated food @entity566 that usually debuts in @entity391 , lethargy and pallor 2-4 hours following ingestion of the offending food. Its immune mechanism is not known. We aimed to describe the clinical features and outcome of @entity1 with fish-FPIES as well as to investigate on cellular immune response implicated. METHODS: Prospective and follow-up clinical study of @entity1 with FPIES by fish over a period between 2004-2013. Measurement in vitro of both cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and expression of HLA-DR in monocyte-derived dendritic cells, stimulated with fish extracts. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 (seven male and nine female) were included, with a mean age of onset at 10 months. Diagnosis was established after a median of 4 reactions. Twelve @entity1 were treated in emergency room, and two were admitted in intensive care. Patch tests were positive in six @entity1 . Skin prick tests (SPTs) and specific IgE to all fish tested were negative. Only three @entity1 reached tolerance at a mean age of 4.5 years. Eight @entity1 avoided fish because of positive @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) after 6 years of age. Other @entity1 have not been challenged because of parent refusal to @entity1697 or a recent diagnosis. @entity310 was increased in @entity1 and a significant elevation of the HLA-DR marker was also observed in these @entity1 vs control donors. CONCLUSIONS: FPIES caused by fish in many cases presents with severe clinical manifestations. Patch test has poor diagnostic value and @entity1697 is the gold standard to test tolerance. The cytokine @entity310 may be implicated in the clinical symptoms. Higher expression of HLA-DR in dendritic cells has also been detected in our @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Clinical and immunological characteristics of a pediatric population with food protein-induced XXXX (FPIES) to fish.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral food challenge', 'OFC']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['infancy with profuse vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis']

answer: @entity1964 :: (MESH:D004760,Disease) :: ['enterocolitis syndrome']


abstract: We determined whether (1) long term antigen retention is present in distal sites after footpad challenge of immune @entity19 ; (2) if antigen retained in the foot is selectively localized; and (3) if the foot is adversely affected by the retained antigen. @entity19 immune or non-immune to human serum albumin (HSA) were injected in the hind footpads with 125I-HSA. In immune @entity19 rapid clearance of radiolabel occurred in the liver, lungs, kidney, blood and urine but radiolabel was retained in the hind feet, draining lymph nodes and spleen. Non-immune @entity19 rapidly cleared radiolabel from these sites. Autoradiography revealed that most of the radiolabel in the feet was @entity924 . Electron microscope autoradiography indicated that antigen was associated with collagen at the tendon surface, but not with cells or cell processes. Radiolabel solubilized from the feet, lymph nodes and spleen could be specifically precipitated with rabbit anti-HSA. Histological examination of the tendon and surrounding tissues did not show that retained antigen was causing @entity32 or chronic tissue damage. Nanogram levels of antigen could elicit swelling in the sensitized foot even if the antigen was injected at a remote site, but @entity19 immunized by other routes or against other antigens did not show @entity4 . Antigen retained on collagenous tissues may induce @entity56 and thus play a role in @entity627 .

title: Immune elimination and immune retention: the relationship between antigen retained in the foot and the elicitation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['footpad swelling']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['in flexor tendons and tendon sheaths']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['footpad swelling']