abstract: Surgery is safe in hemophiliacs. The current problem of blood product-transmitted @entity791 has recently dampened an unqualified stance, but the dangers of not performing indicated nonelective surgery outweigh the possibility of inflicting @entity791 . Successful surgery in hemophiliacs first requires determination of the type of @entity447 involved. If an inhibitor is present, the procedure needs careful re-evaluation, but in general, surgical indications should be those of the general population and routine procedures should be followed. We find it helpful to have nursing personnel aware from the onset that these @entity1 and their medications require certain precautions, especially with respect to @entity158 medication. Unfortunately, too few medical personnel realize how many @entity158 compounds contain @entity117 . In addition, we usually prescribe intramuscular injection of medication. Factor levels must be monitored. A less-than-expected yield of factor following infusion is an excellent screen for clinically significant inhibitors. @entity1 also vary with respect to factor replacement and the half-life of infused factors. Kasper et al found no difference in half-life of infused factor with respect to whether the @entity1 was in a nonoperative or postoperative status; they did not find evidence that factor was consumed during the hemostatic stress of the surgery and that a given @entity1 's response in a nonoperative setting was predictive of his response in the postoperative period. The internist should be available so that any hemostatic problems experienced by the surgeon can be promptly addressed.

title: Surgery in XXXX . A prospective study of 100 consecutive procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia and related disorders']


abstract: The present report of a malignant metastasizing @entity1567 and a critical review of literature was undertaken in an attempt to better understand the biological potential and behavior of this rare @entity5 and thus to facilitate its clinical management. Most of the 26 @entity1 with a proven malignant @entity1567 including the present case had developed multiple recurrences. The lung was the most frequent metastatic site (88%) followed by regional lymph nodes (27%). Furthermore @entity3 were observed in some cases in the bone, brain, kidney, small intestine and liver. The interval between diagnosis of @entity5 and manifestation of @entity3 was long with a median of 11.1 years. The average survival time was 13.1 years. By contrast, the interval between diagnosis of @entity3 and @entity204 was relatively short (median: 2.6 years). The histologic and cytologic pattern of malignant @entity1567 and of its @entity3 was not significantly different from that of non-metastatic @entity1567 . Because of the lack of morphological criteria of @entity5 the biological behavior of @entity1567 cannot be predicted. It is difficult to be certain which factors are important in the delayed induction of @entity3 . It is suspected that @entity1567 possess an inherent low grade @entity5 which is stimulated by multiple recurrences. It is further assumed that the @entity3 cells have a slow growth rate resulting in late clinical manifestation of @entity3 . When lung @entity3 occur we recommend their surgical removal in order to prolong live expectancy or even to obtain a curative effect.

title: Biology of metastasizing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma', 'ameloblastomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic tumor', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1567 :: (MESH:D000564,Disease) :: ['ameloblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite a considerable increase in claims for long-term sickness benefits, and the impact of certifying sickness upon general practitioner (GP) workload, little is known about transition to long-term incapacity for work. AIM: To explore the relationship between @entity1 factors and the transition from short-term to long-term work incapacity, in particular focusing on mild @entity85 . SETTING: Nine practices comprising the Mersey Primary Care R_D Consortium. DESIGN: Prospective data collection and audit of sickness certificate details. METHOD: GPs issued carbonised sickness certificates for a period of 12 months. The resulting baseline dataset included claimant diagnosis, age, sex, postcode-derived deprivation score, and @entity2749 . Associations of @entity1 factors with sickness duration outcomes were tested. RESULTS: Mild @entity146 accounted for nearly 40% of certified sickness. Relatively few claimants had their diagnosis changed during a sickness episode. Risk factors for longer-term incapacity included increasing age, social deprivation, mild and severe @entity146 , @entity5 , and @entity221 . For mild @entity146 claimants, age, addiction, and deprivation were risk factors for relatively longer incapacity. For musculoskeletal problems, the development of chronic incapacity was significantly related to the nature of the problem. Back @entity158 claimants were likely to return to work sooner than those with other musculoskeletal problems. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the presenting diagnosis, a range of factors is associated with the development of chronic incapacity for work, including age and social deprivation. GPs should consider these when negotiating sickness certification with @entity1 .

title: XXXX factors associated with duration of certified sickness absence and transition to long-term incapacity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['sickness episode duration']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['mental health and musculoskeletal problems']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['congenital illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: @entity12279 ( @entity8681 ) is a cationic DNA condensing polymer that facilitates gene transfer into the @entity1 cells. The highest gene transfer with branched @entity8681 is obtained at high @entity1568 / @entity1391 (N/P) ratios with free @entity8681 present. The small molecular weight @entity8681 alone is not able to mediate DNA transfection. Here, we used recently developed time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic method to study the mechanism of @entity8681 -DNA complex formation and to investigate how free @entity8681 , mean molecular weight, and branching of @entity8681 affect the complexes. Analysis of fluorescence lifetimes and time-resolved spectra revealed that for both linear and branched high-molecular-weight @entity8681 the complexation takes place in two steps, but the small-molecular-weight branched @entity8681 complexed DNA at a single step. According to the binding constants obtained from time-resolved spectroscopic measurements, the affinity of N/P complexation per @entity1568 atom is highest for LPEI and weakest for BPEI, whereas SPEI-DNA complexation showed intermediate values. Thus, the binding constant alone does not give adequate measure for transfection efficiency. On the other hand, the presence of intermediate states during the polyplex formation seems to be favorable for the gene transfection. Free @entity8681 had no impact on the physical state of @entity8681 -DNA complexes, even though it was essential for gene transfection in the cell culture. In conclusion, the molecular size and topology of @entity8681 have direct influence on the DNA complexation but the free @entity8681 does not. Free @entity8681 must facilitate transfection at the cellular level and not via indirect effects on the @entity8681 -DNA complexes.

title: Role of polyplex intermediate species on gene transfer efficiency: XXXX -DNA complexes and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity12279 :: ('MESH:D011094', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylenimine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity12279 :: (MESH:D011094,Chemical) :: ['polyethylenimine']


abstract: A meta-analysis of over 3000 @entity1 in 1992 demonstrated that @entity43 in @entity1 less than 50 years of age produces a highly significant reduction in both disease recurrence and mortality. @entity43 has been offered to premenopausal @entity1 at the University College Hospital in Galway for 12 years. A review of 136 cases with follow-up and examination of disease-free survival and mortality is presented. The influence of @entity2931 receptor status on response and long-term outcome is examined. Premenopausal @entity1 over the age of 40 years were offered bilateral laparoscopic oophorectomy. This procedure was well tolerated with no serious morbidity. A significant difference in disease-free survival and reduction in mortality was observed in the @entity2931 receptor positive group when compared with @entity1 with @entity2931 receptor negative disease. No significant difference in disease-free survival or mortality was observed between the @entity2931 receptor negative group and a comparable control group. These results have influenced our @entity1 selection for this adjuvant treatment. A controlled prospective trial is now necessary to examine the role of laparoscopic oophorectomy in @entity2931 receptor negative, premenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: XXXX receptor status determines oncological benefits of laparoscopic oophorectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian ablation', 'Laparoscopic ovarian ablation']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['Oestrogen']


abstract: We conducted an analysis on 41 cases of @entity2675 (median age 54 y; range 25-82 y) in Kuwait. Most (51%) were @entity5 with 65% arising in the left breast. There were 5 (12%) T1 @entity5 , 23 (56%) T2 @entity5 and 13 (32%) T3/T4 @entity5 . They were mostly (95%) infiltrating @entity513 ; 97% were grade 2 or 3. Axillary lymph node involvement was found in 69%. Estimated 5-year survival rates were 67% and 58% for overall and relapse free survival respectively. Favourable prognosis was associated with age below 50y, clinical stage I and II, small @entity5 size (T1, T2), low @entity5 grade and absence of nodal involvement or distant metastases; nodal status and grade were independent factors for relapse free survival in multivariate analysis. In 18 cases, an immunohistochemical study showed some degree of @entity5 antigen reaction for ER in 89% of cases, PR in 61%, @entity13770 in 44%, CathD in 72%, @entity876 in 56%, @entity1722 in 50%, Ki67 and @entity1364 in 100% and @entity588 in 78%. There were significant associations between several of these factors but none influenced survival. Despite the high incidence of staining of ER, our data do not support the concept of an endocrine pathway that could be usefully antagonized with antioestrogens for therapeutic benefit, as in @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of prognostic factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['male breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II cancers', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

answer: @entity2675 :: (MESH:D018567,Disease) :: ['male breast cancer']


abstract: A range of diagnostic techniques have been in use for determining the nature of non-palpable mammographic abnormalities over the last decade, these include stereotactic and ultrasound guided cytology, core biopsy and vacuum assisted core biopsy techniques as well as open surgical breast biopsy. Recently, a less invasive alternative has been investigated; the Advanced Breast Biopsy Instrumentation (ABBI) technique (U.S. Surgical Corporation, Norwalk, CT). ABBI employs computer-guided stereotactic localization to target and excise mammographic lesions under local anesthesia, without the need for an operating theatre. We conducted a prospective review of all cases involving the use of the ABBI system during the first 17 months' of its use in a community hospital. One hundred and twenty six @entity1 were referred for an ABBI procedure. One hundred fourteen ABBI procedures were performed on 113 @entity1 (average age, 53 years; range, 33-82). The lesion was removed successfully in 113 of the 114 cases. Of the 114 lesions removed with the ABBI system, 88 were microcalcifications and 26 were masses. @entity5 was diagnosed in 21 @entity1 (18%). Of the @entity1 who had @entity189 , 11 (52%) had @entity513 in situ, 9 (43%) had infiltrating @entity513 , and 1 (5%) had @entity1137 . Postprocedural complications occurred in 7 @entity1 (6%); 4 had small haematomas, 2 had superficial wound infections, and 1 had an abscess. We conclude that the ABBI system, is an excellent alternative (to open biopsy after needle localization or large-core biopsy) for nonpalpable @entity1558 . It has a relatively low complication rate and should be considered as part of the surgical armamentarium for the diagnosis of indeterminate nonpalpable mammographic lesions.

title: Advanced breast biopsy instrumentation (ABBI) and management of nonpalpable XXXX : a community hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast abnormalities']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast abnormalities']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between hormonal status and mortality in @entity1 with protracted @entity3124 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study in four medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs). ICU @entity1 who regained consciousness after 7 days of mechanical ventilation were included. Plasma levels of @entity442 ( @entity442 ), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, @entity53 , @entity1420 , @entity251 , @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ), @entity9027 ( @entity2990 ) and @entity701 were measured on the first day @entity1 were awake and cooperative (day 1). Mean blood @entity413 from admission to day 1 was calculated. RESULTS: We studied 102 @entity1 : 65 @entity1 and 37 @entity1 (29 of the @entity1 were postmenopausal). Twenty-four @entity1 (24%) died in the hospital. The @entity442 levels were higher and the @entity701 levels were lower in survivors. Mean blood @entity413 was lower in @entity1 who survived, and @entity2494 and @entity2990 were higher in @entity1 who survived. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, on the basis of sex, some endocrine or metabolic markers measured in the postacute phase of @entity3124 might have a prognostic value.

title: Hormonal status in protracted XXXX and in-hospital mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor 1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: Monotherapy of @entity4034 with the newer broad-spectrum @entity3405 antibiotics has become attractive because of the efficacy, safety, and cost of these antibiotics when compared with conventional combination therapy. @entity2892 / @entity9234 is a recent and promising addition to this antibiotic family. Experience with @entity2892 / @entity9234 and that reported for @entity3524 , @entity5505 , and @entity8933 in the treatment of biopsy-proved @entity4034 was compared, using data from published reports from five centers. Two hundred forty-three @entity1 were evaluable: 34 were treated with @entity2892 / @entity9234 , 84 with @entity3524 , 122 with @entity5505 , and 33 with @entity8933 . @entity794 was isolated by 80 bone cultures and was the most common single species encountered. There were 75 isolates of @entity796 , 113 mixed Enterobacteriaceae species, 115 mixed gram-positive and -negative isolates of miscellaneous species, and 30 anerobic isolates. @entity325 was present in 101 cases (41.6 percent). Failure rates were similarly low in all groups (10 to 30 percent). However, resistance developed during therapy in all groups with @entity796 . Side effects were predictably few, but reversible @entity1398 , @entity8307 due to @entity2718 , and @entity390 required therapy to be discontinued in seven @entity1 . @entity2892 / @entity9234 should prove to be a very effective and relatively safe single agent for treatment of @entity4034 .

title: Role for newer @entity3405 antibiotics in treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipenem', 'imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Polymicrobial infection']

entities_list: @entity8933 :: ('MESH:D015296', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftizoxime']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: Monotherapy of @entity4034 with the newer broad-spectrum @entity3405 antibiotics has become attractive because of the efficacy, safety, and cost of these antibiotics when compared with conventional combination therapy. @entity2892 / @entity9234 is a recent and promising addition to this antibiotic family. Experience with @entity2892 / @entity9234 and that reported for @entity3524 , @entity5505 , and @entity8933 in the treatment of biopsy-proved @entity4034 was compared, using data from published reports from five centers. Two hundred forty-three @entity1 were evaluable: 34 were treated with @entity2892 / @entity9234 , 84 with @entity3524 , 122 with @entity5505 , and 33 with @entity8933 . @entity794 was isolated by 80 bone cultures and was the most common single species encountered. There were 75 isolates of @entity796 , 113 mixed Enterobacteriaceae species, 115 mixed gram-positive and -negative isolates of miscellaneous species, and 30 anerobic isolates. @entity325 was present in 101 cases (41.6 percent). Failure rates were similarly low in all groups (10 to 30 percent). However, resistance developed during therapy in all groups with @entity796 . Side effects were predictably few, but reversible @entity1398 , @entity8307 due to @entity2718 , and @entity390 required therapy to be discontinued in seven @entity1 . @entity2892 / @entity9234 should prove to be a very effective and relatively safe single agent for treatment of @entity4034 .

title: Role for newer XXXX antibiotics in treatment of @entity4034 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3405 :: (CHEBI:35627,Chemical) :: ['beta-lactam']


abstract: Of 1,247 consecutive @entity1 who underwent cardiac surgery, 297 (24%) developed a post-operative @entity4710 . Of these @entity1 , 201 were suitable for treatment according to the study protocol. All @entity1 were initially given digoxin 0.75 mg intravenously (i.v.). After two hours, those 156 @entity1 whose @entity943 persisted were given a 2 mg/kg loading dose of @entity7306 (i.v.), followed by a constant i.v. infusion (0.4 mg kg-1 h-1) or oral therapy (600 mg daily). Within a further 12 hours, 75 @entity1 (48%) reverted to sinus rhythm, 24 within one hour. Thus 120/201 @entity1 (60%) reverted to sinus rhythm within 14 hours of commencing therapy. Reversion rates of those @entity1 with both @entity955 and flutter (AF/AFL) were significantly lower than those with AF (p less than 0.001) or AFL (p less than 0.02) alone. A further 70 @entity1 reverted to sinus rhythm in one to 13 (mean four) days on continued drug therapy. @entity2798 restored sinus rhythm in six subjects. @entity943 persisted in five @entity1 (2.5%) at hospital discharge. Side-effects of @entity7306 were noted in 19% of @entity1 . Urinary retention was common (11.5%). Four @entity1 with @entity956 developed 1:1 atrioventricular conduction with the @entity7306 loading dose. One @entity1 with @entity955 developed @entity1165 during injection of the loading dose of @entity7306 , but was successfully cardioverted to sinus rhythm. Two further @entity1 developed significant @entity551 (less than 90 mmHg systolic). @entity7306 is effective in the treatment of post-operative @entity4710 , but its routine use in this situation may be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of side-effects.

title: @entity4710 after cardiac surgery: results of XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['Disopyramide', 'disopyramide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmia', 'atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'Atrial arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['Elective cardioversion']

answer: @entity7306 :: (MESH:D004206,Chemical) :: ['disopyramide']


abstract: Of 1,247 consecutive @entity1 who underwent cardiac surgery, 297 (24%) developed a post-operative @entity4710 . Of these @entity1 , 201 were suitable for treatment according to the study protocol. All @entity1 were initially given digoxin 0.75 mg intravenously (i.v.). After two hours, those 156 @entity1 whose @entity943 persisted were given a 2 mg/kg loading dose of @entity7306 (i.v.), followed by a constant i.v. infusion (0.4 mg kg-1 h-1) or oral therapy (600 mg daily). Within a further 12 hours, 75 @entity1 (48%) reverted to sinus rhythm, 24 within one hour. Thus 120/201 @entity1 (60%) reverted to sinus rhythm within 14 hours of commencing therapy. Reversion rates of those @entity1 with both @entity955 and flutter (AF/AFL) were significantly lower than those with AF (p less than 0.001) or AFL (p less than 0.02) alone. A further 70 @entity1 reverted to sinus rhythm in one to 13 (mean four) days on continued drug therapy. @entity2798 restored sinus rhythm in six subjects. @entity943 persisted in five @entity1 (2.5%) at hospital discharge. Side-effects of @entity7306 were noted in 19% of @entity1 . Urinary retention was common (11.5%). Four @entity1 with @entity956 developed 1:1 atrioventricular conduction with the @entity7306 loading dose. One @entity1 with @entity955 developed @entity1165 during injection of the loading dose of @entity7306 , but was successfully cardioverted to sinus rhythm. Two further @entity1 developed significant @entity551 (less than 90 mmHg systolic). @entity7306 is effective in the treatment of post-operative @entity4710 , but its routine use in this situation may be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of side-effects.

title: XXXX after cardiac surgery: results of @entity7306 therapy.

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['Atrial tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of combination therapies is needed to treat @entity2299 in @entity1 with both elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C). We conducted a study to assess the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with @entity1780 plus extended-release (ER) @entity1670 and @entity35277 , aimed at lowering LDL-C and raising HDL-C, in subjects with @entity731 . METHODS: This 1-year study randomized 123 subjects with @entity731 to @entity2993 alone, double therapy with @entity2993 plus ER @entity1670 , or triple therapy with @entity2993 , plus ER @entity1670 and @entity35277 . Target LDL-C was  <=80 mg/dL for single and double therapy, and  <=60 mg/dL for triple therapy. Target HDL-C was an increase of >= 10 mg/dL for double and triple therapy. RESULTS: Single therapy, with mean @entity2993 dose 30 mg/day, had a 47% reduction in LDL-C (P < 0.001) from 148    29 mg/dL to 77    15 mg/dL. With the addition of ER @entity1670 , the double therapy had a 25% increase in HDL-C, from 42    11 mg/dL to 53    16 mg/dL (P < 0.001). The triple therapy decreased LDL-C by 57%, from 157    29 mg/dL to 66    18 mg/dL (P < 0.001), and increased HDL-C by 29%, from 40    9 mg/dL to 50    14 mg/dL (P < 0.001). Double and triple therapy required a lower @entity2993 dose of 20 mg/day to reach the target LDL-C levels. On average, 75% and 67% of subjects reached the predefined LDL-C and HDL-C treatment targets. No related @entity121 or hepatotoxicity required stopping the therapy. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that combination therapy with @entity2993 plus ER @entity1670 and @entity35277 can safely and effectively treat @entity2299 in subjects with @entity731 .

title: Effects of adding extended-release @entity1670 and XXXX to statin therapy on lipid levels in subjects with @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity35277 :: ('MESH:C107058', 'Chemical') :: ['colesevelam']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35277 :: (MESH:C107058,Chemical) :: ['colesevelam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of combination therapies is needed to treat @entity2299 in @entity1 with both elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C). We conducted a study to assess the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with @entity1780 plus extended-release (ER) @entity1670 and @entity35277 , aimed at lowering LDL-C and raising HDL-C, in subjects with @entity731 . METHODS: This 1-year study randomized 123 subjects with @entity731 to @entity2993 alone, double therapy with @entity2993 plus ER @entity1670 , or triple therapy with @entity2993 , plus ER @entity1670 and @entity35277 . Target LDL-C was  <=80 mg/dL for single and double therapy, and  <=60 mg/dL for triple therapy. Target HDL-C was an increase of >= 10 mg/dL for double and triple therapy. RESULTS: Single therapy, with mean @entity2993 dose 30 mg/day, had a 47% reduction in LDL-C (P < 0.001) from 148    29 mg/dL to 77    15 mg/dL. With the addition of ER @entity1670 , the double therapy had a 25% increase in HDL-C, from 42    11 mg/dL to 53    16 mg/dL (P < 0.001). The triple therapy decreased LDL-C by 57%, from 157    29 mg/dL to 66    18 mg/dL (P < 0.001), and increased HDL-C by 29%, from 40    9 mg/dL to 50    14 mg/dL (P < 0.001). Double and triple therapy required a lower @entity2993 dose of 20 mg/day to reach the target LDL-C levels. On average, 75% and 67% of subjects reached the predefined LDL-C and HDL-C treatment targets. No related @entity121 or hepatotoxicity required stopping the therapy. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that combination therapy with @entity2993 plus ER @entity1670 and @entity35277 can safely and effectively treat @entity2299 in subjects with @entity731 .

title: Effects of adding extended-release XXXX and @entity35277 to statin therapy on lipid levels in subjects with @entity731 .

answer: @entity1670 :: (MESH:D009525,Chemical) :: ['niacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of combination therapies is needed to treat @entity2299 in @entity1 with both elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C). We conducted a study to assess the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with @entity1780 plus extended-release (ER) @entity1670 and @entity35277 , aimed at lowering LDL-C and raising HDL-C, in subjects with @entity731 . METHODS: This 1-year study randomized 123 subjects with @entity731 to @entity2993 alone, double therapy with @entity2993 plus ER @entity1670 , or triple therapy with @entity2993 , plus ER @entity1670 and @entity35277 . Target LDL-C was  <=80 mg/dL for single and double therapy, and  <=60 mg/dL for triple therapy. Target HDL-C was an increase of >= 10 mg/dL for double and triple therapy. RESULTS: Single therapy, with mean @entity2993 dose 30 mg/day, had a 47% reduction in LDL-C (P < 0.001) from 148    29 mg/dL to 77    15 mg/dL. With the addition of ER @entity1670 , the double therapy had a 25% increase in HDL-C, from 42    11 mg/dL to 53    16 mg/dL (P < 0.001). The triple therapy decreased LDL-C by 57%, from 157    29 mg/dL to 66    18 mg/dL (P < 0.001), and increased HDL-C by 29%, from 40    9 mg/dL to 50    14 mg/dL (P < 0.001). Double and triple therapy required a lower @entity2993 dose of 20 mg/day to reach the target LDL-C levels. On average, 75% and 67% of subjects reached the predefined LDL-C and HDL-C treatment targets. No related @entity121 or hepatotoxicity required stopping the therapy. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that combination therapy with @entity2993 plus ER @entity1670 and @entity35277 can safely and effectively treat @entity2299 in subjects with @entity731 .

title: Effects of adding extended-release @entity1670 and @entity35277 to statin therapy on lipid levels in subjects with XXXX .

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic disease']


abstract: @entity311 is one of the most serious natural hazards faced by @entity1 society. Although plant leaves of Indigofera oblongifolia have been used for the treatment of @entity311 in Saudi Arabian society, there is no laboratory-based evidence for the effectiveness and safety of the plant. This study therefore was designed to investigate the antimalarial and spleen protective activity of I. oblongifolia leaf extract (IOLE) in @entity19 . Three doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) of IOLE were used to treat @entity19 infected with @entity21552 -parasitized erythrocytes. The suppressive effect produced by the 100 mg/kg dose on @entity5895 was highly significant compared to the infected nontreated group. This dose was also able to repair the change in the thickness of the @entity19 spleen and significantly lower the number of apoptotic cells in the spleen. Moreover, I. oblongifolia also altered gene expression in the infected spleen. On day 7 postinfection, the mRNA expression of six genes - with immune response functions - was upregulated by more than twofold, while that of 24 other genes was downregulated. Among the differentially up- and downregulated genes under the effect of IOLE, we quantified the expression of @entity22741 , @entity30928 , @entity72337 , and @entity72338 mRNAs. The expression data, determined by microarrays, were largely consistent with the expression analyses we performed with several arbitrarily selected genes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on our results, I. oblongifolia exhibits antimalarial activity and could protect the spleen from @entity21552 -induced injury.

title: The antiplasmodial and spleen protective role of crude Indigofera oblongifolia leaf extract traditionally used in the treatment of XXXX in Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity21552 :: ('5825', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium chabaudi', 'P. chabaudi']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) potently prevents @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity955 . @entity2067 antagonists (VKA) have been the standard of care for long-term @entity1697 for decades, but non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOAC) have recently been approved for this indication, and raised many questions, among them their influence on medication adherence. We assessed adherence to VKA and NOAC in secondary @entity64 prevention. METHODS: All @entity1 treated from October 2011 to September 2012 for @entity385 or transient @entity63 attack with a subsequent indication for @entity1697 , at three academic hospitals were entered into a prospective registry, and baseline data and antithrombotic treatment at discharge were recorded. At the 1-year follow-up, we assessed the adherence to different @entity1697 strategies and @entity1 ' adherence to their respective @entity1697 . We noted @entity1697 changes, reasons to change treatment, and factors that influence persistence to the prescribed @entity1697 . RESULTS: In @entity1 discharged on @entity1697 , we achieved a fatality corrected response rate of 73.3% (n=209). A total of 92% of these @entity1 received @entity1697 at the 1-year follow-up. We observed good adherence to both VKA and NOAC (VKA, 80.9%; NOAC, 74.8%; P=0.243) with a statistically nonsignificant tendency toward a weaker adherence to @entity3926 . Disability at 1-year follow-up was an independent predictor of lower adherence to any @entity1697 after multivariate analysis, whereas the choice of @entity1697 did not have a relevant influence. CONCLUSION: One-year adherence to @entity1697 after @entity64 is strong (>90%) and @entity1 who switch therapy most commonly switch toward another @entity1697 . The 1-year adherence rates to VKA and NOAC in secondary @entity64 prevention do not differ significantly between both therapeutic strategies.

title: Adherence to oral anticoagulant therapy in secondary XXXX prevention - impact of the novel oral anticoagulants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['Oral anticoagulant therapy', 'OAT']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Adherent-invasive @entity526 (AIEC) has been linked with the onset and perpetuation of @entity29 . The AIEC strain LF82 was originally isolated from an ileal biopsy from a @entity1 with @entity30 . The pathogenesis of LF82 results from its abnormal adherence to and subsequent invasion of the intestinal epithelium coupled with its ability to survive phagocytosis by macrophages once it has crossed the intestinal barrier. To gain further insight into AIEC pathogenesis we employed the @entity2199 @entity2199 as an in vivo @entity281 model. We demonstrate that AIEC strain LF82 forms a persistent @entity281 in @entity2199 , thereby reducing the host lifespan significantly. This host killing phenotype was associated with massive bacterial colonization of the @entity2199 intestine and damage to the intestinal epithelial surface. @entity2199 killing was independent of known LF82 virulence determinants but was abolished by deletion of the LF82 hfq gene, which encodes an RNA chaperone involved in mediating posttranscriptional gene regulation by small non-coding RNAs. This finding reveals that important aspects of LF82 pathogenesis are controlled at the posttranscriptional level by riboregulation. The role of Hfq in LF82 virulence was independent of its function in regulating RpoS and RpoE activity. Further, LF82/\hfq mutants were non-motile, impaired in cell invasion and highly sensitive to various chemical stress conditions, reinforcing the multifaceted function of Hfq in mediating bacterial adaptation. This study highlights the usefulness of simple non- @entity1 @entity281 systems for the identification and analysis of bacterial virulence factors.

title: A role for the RNA chaperone Hfq in controlling adherent-invasive XXXX colonization and virulence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity191 is a @entity717 whose principal symptoms are @entity400 , @entity2003 , @entity2845 and postural instability. Initially, drugs like L: -dopa or dopaminergic agonists are able to control these symptoms, but with the progress of the disease these drugs become less effective. Previous studies have reported that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve these motor symptoms. The objective of this study was to investigate the neural mechanisms through which 25 Hz rTMS may improve motor symptoms in @entity191 . In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, we evaluated the effects of 25 Hz. rTMS in 10 @entity191 @entity1 . Fifteen rTMS sessions were performed over the primary cortex on both hemispheres (one after the other) during a 12-week period. The @entity1 were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of a simple tapping and a complex tapping @entity43113 week before the administration of the first rTMS session and just after the last session. rTMS improved @entity2845 , while functional magnetic resonance imaging showed different cortical patterns in prefrontal cortex when @entity1 performed the complex tapping test. Furthermore, the improvement in @entity2845 is associated with caudate nucleus activity increases in simple tapping. Finally, we observed a relative change in functional connectivity between the prefrontal areas and the supplementary motor area after rTMS. These results show a potential beneficial effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on @entity2845 in @entity191 which is substantiated by neural changes observed in functional magnetic resonance imaging.

title: Effects of rTMS on XXXX : a longitudinal fMRI study.

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Underlying @entity5 can cause @entity385 in some @entity1 . Mechanisms include the affection of the coagulation cascade, @entity5 @entity3558 secretion, infections and nonbacterial @entity884 . The release of @entity39 factor and interleukins may cause @entity32 of the endothelial lining, creating a prothrombotic surface that triggers @entity1031 events, including @entity64 . The aims of this study were to assess the occurrence of @entity5 in @entity1 who had recently suffered an @entity385 and to detect possible associations between @entity64 and @entity5 subtypes. METHODS: All @entity385 @entity1 registered in the @entity64 Research Registry (NORSTROKE) as part of the ongoing Bergen NORSTROKE study were included. Blood samples were obtained on admission. @entity64 etiology was determined by the Trial of @entity10269 in Acute @entity64 Treatment (TOAST) criteria, and the severity of @entity64 was defined according to the National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale score. Information about @entity5 after @entity64 was obtained from @entity1 medical records and The Cancer Registry of Norway. RESULTS: From a total of 1,282 @entity385 @entity1 with no history of @entity5 , 55 (4.3%) @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5 after @entity64 . The median time from @entity64 onset to @entity5 diagnosis was 14.0 months (interquartile range 6.2-24.5). Twenty-three (41.8%) @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5 within 1 year and 13 (23.6%) within 6 months. The most common @entity5 (19.0%). By Cox regression analysis, @entity5 after @entity64 was associated with elevated D-dimer levels on admittance (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.01) and smoking (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Cancer-associated @entity64 is rare, and routine investigation for @entity5 seems unwarranted in acute @entity385 . However, in @entity64 @entity1 with elevated levels of @entity1003 factors, @entity1851 , higher age and a history of smoking, underlying @entity5 should be considered. Our study suggests that an unknown @entity64 etiology does not predict @entity5 .

title: Cancer-Associated XXXX : The Bergen NORSTROKE Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Norwegian Stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer disease', 'cancer', 'cancer type was lung cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity1 presenting with persistent symptoms attributed to @entity354 ( @entity354 ) that are unresponsive to both medical and surgical therapies are commonly submitted to esophageal biopsies, the results of which show an abnormal presence of eosinophils. In this setting, @entity5202 may be the correct diagnosis. The purpose of this report is to clarify the importance of esophageal @entity1712 , regardless of whether associated with acid reflux, ie, as an independent symptomatic entity, when treating a @entity1 with refractory @entity354 . METHODS: Two @entity1 , aged 8 and 7 years, had the classic symptoms of @entity354 . They were treated with antacid without improvement of the @entity1208 . Subsequent esophageal biopsy results showed marked @entity1712 . From this moment on, @entity5202 started to be considered the main diagnosis. RESULTS: Although @entity1712 caused by @entity354 is very frequently found in esophageal biopsy, in case of refractory drug treatment and microscopic findings of a great number of eosinophils and mast cells, @entity5202 must be considered. This disease is better treated with corticoids instead of antacid drugs. It explains the reason some @entity1 do not respond to antacid and surgical treatment and remain symptomatic with @entity1208 . CONCLUSIONS: In refractory cases of @entity354 , @entity5202 must be considered before any surgical measure.

title: Eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus: gastroesophageal reflux versus XXXX in @entity1 --discussion on daily practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophagic lesions']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['GERD', 'gastroesophaeal reflux disease']

answer: @entity5202 :: (MESH:D057765,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity1 presenting with persistent symptoms attributed to @entity354 ( @entity354 ) that are unresponsive to both medical and surgical therapies are commonly submitted to esophageal biopsies, the results of which show an abnormal presence of eosinophils. In this setting, @entity5202 may be the correct diagnosis. The purpose of this report is to clarify the importance of esophageal @entity1712 , regardless of whether associated with acid reflux, ie, as an independent symptomatic entity, when treating a @entity1 with refractory @entity354 . METHODS: Two @entity1 , aged 8 and 7 years, had the classic symptoms of @entity354 . They were treated with antacid without improvement of the @entity1208 . Subsequent esophageal biopsy results showed marked @entity1712 . From this moment on, @entity5202 started to be considered the main diagnosis. RESULTS: Although @entity1712 caused by @entity354 is very frequently found in esophageal biopsy, in case of refractory drug treatment and microscopic findings of a great number of eosinophils and mast cells, @entity5202 must be considered. This disease is better treated with corticoids instead of antacid drugs. It explains the reason some @entity1 do not respond to antacid and surgical treatment and remain symptomatic with @entity1208 . CONCLUSIONS: In refractory cases of @entity354 , @entity5202 must be considered before any surgical measure.

title: Eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus: gastroesophageal reflux versus @entity5202 in XXXX --discussion on daily practice.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, mechanical circulatory support has been beneficial as a bridge to cardiac transplantation, and anecdotal evidence suggests that @entity712 @entity1 fitted with mechanical assist devices experience direct cardiac benefits. Moreover, recent trials on limited numbers and subpopulations of @entity1 --notably the Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of @entity712 (REMATCH)--support earlier observations of improved cardiac function and point towards the use of assist devices as destination therapy. Methods and results To investigate this phenomenon, on August 2-3, 2001, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened the working group, "Recovery from @entity712 with Circulatory Assist" in Bethesda, Maryland. The team included cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, and experts in experimental research. The goal was to prioritize recommendations to guide future programs in: (1). elucidating the mechanisms leading to reverse remodeling associated with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD); (2). exploring advanced treatments, including novel pharmacologies, tissue engineering, and cell therapies, to optimize recovery with LVAD therapy; and (3). identifying target genes, proteins, and cellular pathways to focus on for production of novel therapies for myocardial recovery and @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: The working group also made research and clinical recommendations to eventually translate findings into improved therapeutic strategies and device design: (1). support collaborations among clinical and basic scientists with an emphasis on clinical/translational research that might eventually lead to clinical trials; (2). identify candidate @entity1 most likely to benefit from LVAD as a destination therapy; (3). explore potential biomarkers indicating when @entity1 could most successfully be weaned from devices; and (4). promote clinical and experimental study of mechanically assisted organs and the tissue derived from them.

title: Recovery from XXXX with circulatory assist: a working group of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Failure', 'Congestive Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity73 among @entity1 treated during childhood for @entity5 are known to occur after some, but not all, types of anti- @entity5 therapy. This is the first study to evaluate proven fertility among adult male survivors of childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ). In a retrospective cohort study, proven fertility (ever fathered a pregnancy) was evaluated by self-report among 213 @entity1 treated for @entity981 before age 18 on protocols of the @entity1 's @entity5 Group (CCG). Controls (N = 145) were drawn from among male siblings. Overall, with a proportional hazards analysis, proven fertility of male survivors was not different from that of controls (relative fertility (RF) = 0.95, 95% CI 0.63-1.43). However, married @entity1 treated before age 10 with high dose (24 cGy) cranial radiotherapy (RT), without spinal RT, had only 9% of the fertility of controls (Relative risk, RR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.82). High dose cranial RT at older ages was not associated with a statistically significant fertility deficit (RR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.25-1.28). In this first study of proven fertility among @entity1 treated for @entity1778 , the majority of survivors showed no evidence of @entity73 compared to controls. However, @entity1 treated at a young age with high dose cranial RT may have impaired fertility. These results suggest that further investigation of @entity1 with these treatments is needed to confirm and extend these findings.

title: Fertility of long-term male survivors of XXXX diagnosed during childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Fertility impairments', 'fertility impairment']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['childhood leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic factors and healing ranges of @entity1 treated for @entity2459 ( @entity2459 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: In our study, 33 @entity1 treated for @entity2459 were evaluated between March 1995 and October 2001 retrospectively. After the routine examinations, first audiograms were done. The audiograms were classified as @entity393 in low frequencies, high frequencies, and flat using the Shey and Rubin classification systems. All @entity1 were treated with the same standard regimen. The benefits of treatment were evaluated with the Siegel classification. RESULTS: Various amounts of hearing gains were obtained in 17 of 21 @entity1 treated in the first 5 days. No gain was obtained in 5 of 12 @entity1 , who re-presented after the first 5 days of @entity2459 . There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p =.005). There was hearing gain in all nine @entity1 who had upward-sloping type of audiograms. Hearing gain was obtained in 8 of 12 downward-sloping type and 7 of 12 flat-type audiograms. There was a significant difference between the raising type group and the other groups (p =.04 and p =.014). Also, in 6 of 14 @entity1 with vertigo and in 4 of 12 with bilateral @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ), there was no gain. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of @entity2459 is found to be better in @entity1 who present early and mild @entity1274 and unilateral cases and worse in vertigo, bilaterally severe @entity1274 , and childhood.

title: Retrospective analysis of our cases with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden hearing loss', 'SHL']

answer: @entity2459 :: (MESH:D003639,Disease) :: ['sudden hearing loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of implantation of the Array((R)) multifocal @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) (model SA-40N, @entity21663 ) in the ciliary sulcus in second-eye @entity231 surgery complicated by @entity393 . SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral, United Kingdom. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 15 @entity1 who had complicated second-eye @entity231 surgery with loss of posterior capsule support leading to sulcus implantation of an Array multifocal @entity2790 . The @entity1 were recalled for assessment. Objective evaluation included uncorrected and corrected distance and near visual acuities, complications, and @entity2790 centration. Subjective assessment was performed using a questionnaire that included the VF-14 index of visual function; the questions were related to satisfaction with vision, limitations from halos and glare, and the frequency of spectacle wear. RESULTS: Fourteen eyes (93%) had postoperative visual improvement. The best corrected distance acuity was 6/12 or better in 11 eyes (73%). The best corrected near acuity was J2 or better in 12 eyes (80%). The @entity2790 was well centered in 11 eyes (73%) and slightly decentered in 4 eyes (27%). Subjectively, @entity1 indicated a high level of satisfaction with their distance and near vision. The VF-14 indicated high levels of visual function, with 73% of @entity1 having a score higher than 90 (out of 100). Seventy-three percent of @entity1 were not troubled by glare or halos, and 40% did not wear spectacles. CONCLUSION: Implantation of the Array multifocal @entity2790 in the sulcus during complicated phacoemulsification led to good visual outcomes based on objective and subjective @entity1 measures.

title: Outcomes of sulcus implantation of Array multifocal intraocular lenses in second-eye @entity231 surgery complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOL', 'intraocular lens']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['vitreous loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of implantation of the Array((R)) multifocal @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) (model SA-40N, @entity21663 ) in the ciliary sulcus in second-eye @entity231 surgery complicated by @entity393 . SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral, United Kingdom. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 15 @entity1 who had complicated second-eye @entity231 surgery with loss of posterior capsule support leading to sulcus implantation of an Array multifocal @entity2790 . The @entity1 were recalled for assessment. Objective evaluation included uncorrected and corrected distance and near visual acuities, complications, and @entity2790 centration. Subjective assessment was performed using a questionnaire that included the VF-14 index of visual function; the questions were related to satisfaction with vision, limitations from halos and glare, and the frequency of spectacle wear. RESULTS: Fourteen eyes (93%) had postoperative visual improvement. The best corrected distance acuity was 6/12 or better in 11 eyes (73%). The best corrected near acuity was J2 or better in 12 eyes (80%). The @entity2790 was well centered in 11 eyes (73%) and slightly decentered in 4 eyes (27%). Subjectively, @entity1 indicated a high level of satisfaction with their distance and near vision. The VF-14 indicated high levels of visual function, with 73% of @entity1 having a score higher than 90 (out of 100). Seventy-three percent of @entity1 were not troubled by glare or halos, and 40% did not wear spectacles. CONCLUSION: Implantation of the Array multifocal @entity2790 in the sulcus during complicated phacoemulsification led to good visual outcomes based on objective and subjective @entity1 measures.

title: Outcomes of sulcus implantation of Array multifocal intraocular lenses in second-eye XXXX surgery complicated by @entity393 .

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Aromatase @entity12325 ( @entity4819 ) was partially purified from @entity1 placental microsomes by hydrophobic affinity chromatography using @entity4364 and ion-exchange chromatography on @entity8851 -cellulose. The resulting preparation had a specific activity of 2 nmol/mg protein with respect to cytochrome @entity4819 content and displayed a type I difference spectrum upon addition of the substrate @entity2671 . When the @entity12325 -enriched fractions were subjected to @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie blue, there was an enrichment of two proteins having apparent molecular weights of 50,000 and 55,000. The bands containing these proteins were removed from unstained @entity2975 gels and injected separately or together into three @entity95 . An aliquot of the serum or an immunoglobulin (IgG) fraction prepared from the serum of the @entity95 injected with the @entity42634 band or with both the 50- and @entity42634 bands inhibited aromatase activity of @entity1 placental microsomes by 80%; this IgG had no effect on 17 alpha-hydroxylase or 21-hydroxylase activities of @entity1 fetal adrenal microsomes. In contrast, the serum of the @entity95 injected with the 50-kDa band had little capacity to inhibit placental aromatase activity. By immunoblot analysis, it was found that the IgG from the serum of the @entity95 immunized with the @entity42634 protein bound specifically to a protein of 55 kDa in @entity1 placental microsomes. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared from a hybridoma cell line derived from the spleen cells of @entity19 immunized against the @entity42634 protein. The monoclonal IgG was covalently linked to a Sepharose 4B column and was used for immunoaffinity chromatography of @entity4819 . The finding that @entity12325 and the @entity42634 protein were selectively retained by the affinity column and eluted with @entity1219 (2 M) and @entity2228 (0.2 M, pH 3.0) and that this fraction contained aromatase activity upon reconstitution with purified @entity1110 - @entity12325 reductase and phospholipid, is indicative that the @entity42634 protein is indeed cytochrome @entity4819 . These findings are also indicative that both the monoclonal and polyclonal IgGs are specific for @entity1 @entity4819 .

title: Preparation and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against @entity1 aromatase @entity12325 ( XXXX ), and their use in its purification.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity4364 :: ('MESH:C020927', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenyl-Sepharose']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity4819 :: (1588,Gene) :: ['P-450AROM']


abstract: Aromatase @entity12325 ( @entity4819 ) was partially purified from @entity1 placental microsomes by hydrophobic affinity chromatography using @entity4364 and ion-exchange chromatography on @entity8851 -cellulose. The resulting preparation had a specific activity of 2 nmol/mg protein with respect to cytochrome @entity4819 content and displayed a type I difference spectrum upon addition of the substrate @entity2671 . When the @entity12325 -enriched fractions were subjected to @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie blue, there was an enrichment of two proteins having apparent molecular weights of 50,000 and 55,000. The bands containing these proteins were removed from unstained @entity2975 gels and injected separately or together into three @entity95 . An aliquot of the serum or an immunoglobulin (IgG) fraction prepared from the serum of the @entity95 injected with the @entity42634 band or with both the 50- and @entity42634 bands inhibited aromatase activity of @entity1 placental microsomes by 80%; this IgG had no effect on 17 alpha-hydroxylase or 21-hydroxylase activities of @entity1 fetal adrenal microsomes. In contrast, the serum of the @entity95 injected with the 50-kDa band had little capacity to inhibit placental aromatase activity. By immunoblot analysis, it was found that the IgG from the serum of the @entity95 immunized with the @entity42634 protein bound specifically to a protein of 55 kDa in @entity1 placental microsomes. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared from a hybridoma cell line derived from the spleen cells of @entity19 immunized against the @entity42634 protein. The monoclonal IgG was covalently linked to a Sepharose 4B column and was used for immunoaffinity chromatography of @entity4819 . The finding that @entity12325 and the @entity42634 protein were selectively retained by the affinity column and eluted with @entity1219 (2 M) and @entity2228 (0.2 M, pH 3.0) and that this fraction contained aromatase activity upon reconstitution with purified @entity1110 - @entity12325 reductase and phospholipid, is indicative that the @entity42634 protein is indeed cytochrome @entity4819 . These findings are also indicative that both the monoclonal and polyclonal IgGs are specific for @entity1 @entity4819 .

title: Preparation and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against @entity1 aromatase XXXX ( @entity4819 ), and their use in its purification.

answer: @entity12325 :: (4051,Gene) :: ['cytochrome P-450']


abstract: Aromatase @entity12325 ( @entity4819 ) was partially purified from @entity1 placental microsomes by hydrophobic affinity chromatography using @entity4364 and ion-exchange chromatography on @entity8851 -cellulose. The resulting preparation had a specific activity of 2 nmol/mg protein with respect to cytochrome @entity4819 content and displayed a type I difference spectrum upon addition of the substrate @entity2671 . When the @entity12325 -enriched fractions were subjected to @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie blue, there was an enrichment of two proteins having apparent molecular weights of 50,000 and 55,000. The bands containing these proteins were removed from unstained @entity2975 gels and injected separately or together into three @entity95 . An aliquot of the serum or an immunoglobulin (IgG) fraction prepared from the serum of the @entity95 injected with the @entity42634 band or with both the 50- and @entity42634 bands inhibited aromatase activity of @entity1 placental microsomes by 80%; this IgG had no effect on 17 alpha-hydroxylase or 21-hydroxylase activities of @entity1 fetal adrenal microsomes. In contrast, the serum of the @entity95 injected with the 50-kDa band had little capacity to inhibit placental aromatase activity. By immunoblot analysis, it was found that the IgG from the serum of the @entity95 immunized with the @entity42634 protein bound specifically to a protein of 55 kDa in @entity1 placental microsomes. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared from a hybridoma cell line derived from the spleen cells of @entity19 immunized against the @entity42634 protein. The monoclonal IgG was covalently linked to a Sepharose 4B column and was used for immunoaffinity chromatography of @entity4819 . The finding that @entity12325 and the @entity42634 protein were selectively retained by the affinity column and eluted with @entity1219 (2 M) and @entity2228 (0.2 M, pH 3.0) and that this fraction contained aromatase activity upon reconstitution with purified @entity1110 - @entity12325 reductase and phospholipid, is indicative that the @entity42634 protein is indeed cytochrome @entity4819 . These findings are also indicative that both the monoclonal and polyclonal IgGs are specific for @entity1 @entity4819 .

title: Preparation and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against XXXX aromatase @entity12325 ( @entity4819 ), and their use in its purification.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A comprehensive review of the literature from 1975 to 1995 was conducted. Reports were identified using the Cancerline and Medline databases. The chemical structure, @entity172 agonist and antagonist activity, and in vitro studies were reviewed and compared with those of tamoxifes. Also, the antitumor activity in cell lines and animal models was highlighted. The mechanisms of action, metabolism, route of administration, dose scheduling, antitumor activity, and side effects of each agent were reviewed and compared with those for @entity440 , where available. Several new antiestrogens are at various stages of development. They are divided into nonsteroidal and steroidal antiestrogens. Among the nonsteroidal antiestrogens are agents like @entity23392 and @entity28002 . Both produce response rates, and both have @entity137 profiles that are comparable to @entity440 . In addition, @entity23392 can chemosensitize @entity172 receptor-negative @entity5 , reverse multidrug resistance, and affect @entity440 -resistant @entity5 . The short half-life of @entity28002 results in minimal serum accumulation, and therefore it may be sequentially used with other systemic therapies to maximize cell kill. @entity1299 , a steroidal antiestrogen, is well tolerated, active in @entity440 -resistant @entity5 , and has a potential role in the preoperative management of advanced @entity0 . Other potential benefits of these and other agents are discussed. Pure antiestrogens have documented antibreast cancer activity that is in some instances more potent than @entity440 . Some have activity in @entity172 receptor-negative or @entity440 -resistant @entity5 . Others may help to reverse chemotherapy resistance. In addition, the potential role of these antiestrogens in radioimaging and their effect on lipid metabolism is also being recognized.

title: New antiestrogens in XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity28002 :: ('MESH:C038345', 'Chemical') :: ['droloxifene']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity23392 :: ('MESH:D017312', 'Chemical') :: ['toremifene']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: An immunohistochemical comparative analysis of P-170 glycoprotein and @entity876 was performed in 37 @entity0 @entity1 who underwent curative resection without preoperative chemotherapy. The antibodies utilized were C-219 and JSB-1 for @entity7895 and DO-7 for @entity876 . Positive cytoplasmic and membrance positivity for @entity7895 was found in 22 (59.45%) of the 37 @entity5 specimens. In comparing tissue immunoreactivity by the specific antibodies, 15 (40.54%) samples showed immunostaining for C-219, 12 (32.43%) for JSB-1, and 5 (23%) for both. @entity7895 expression was not statistically related with the clinicopathological variables analyzed, that is, age, @entity2802 stage, histologic type, lymph node involvement, @entity5 diameter, and hormone receptor status. @entity876 overexpression was observed in 22 (59.45%) of the 37 @entity5 samples analyzed. There was a significant correlation between @entity876 overexpression and @entity7895 positive immunostaining (p = .007). @entity876 was also significantly correlated with @entity2802 stage (p < .05) and lymph node involvement (p < .02). Our results demonstrated that the three distinct patterns of reactivity with the two antibodies result from the combined expression of each of the three @entity7895 isoforms. An immunohistochemical analysis with different antibodies may be used to determine and correlate the expression pattern of @entity7895 isoforms with response to chemotherapy.

title: P-170 Glycoprotein (MDR) and XXXX Expression in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: An immunohistochemical comparative analysis of P-170 glycoprotein and @entity876 was performed in 37 @entity0 @entity1 who underwent curative resection without preoperative chemotherapy. The antibodies utilized were C-219 and JSB-1 for @entity7895 and DO-7 for @entity876 . Positive cytoplasmic and membrance positivity for @entity7895 was found in 22 (59.45%) of the 37 @entity5 specimens. In comparing tissue immunoreactivity by the specific antibodies, 15 (40.54%) samples showed immunostaining for C-219, 12 (32.43%) for JSB-1, and 5 (23%) for both. @entity7895 expression was not statistically related with the clinicopathological variables analyzed, that is, age, @entity2802 stage, histologic type, lymph node involvement, @entity5 diameter, and hormone receptor status. @entity876 overexpression was observed in 22 (59.45%) of the 37 @entity5 samples analyzed. There was a significant correlation between @entity876 overexpression and @entity7895 positive immunostaining (p = .007). @entity876 was also significantly correlated with @entity2802 stage (p < .05) and lymph node involvement (p < .02). Our results demonstrated that the three distinct patterns of reactivity with the two antibodies result from the combined expression of each of the three @entity7895 isoforms. An immunohistochemical analysis with different antibodies may be used to determine and correlate the expression pattern of @entity7895 isoforms with response to chemotherapy.

title: P-170 Glycoprotein (MDR) and @entity876 Expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the first outbreak of a @entity1576 caused by H1N1 virus in Mexico, several reports have described the need of intensive care or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) assistance in young and often healthy @entity1 . Here we describe our experience in H1N1-induced @entity649 using both ventilation strategy and ECMO assistance. METHODS: Following Italian Ministry of Health instructions, an Emergency Service was established at the Careggi Teaching Hospital (Florence, Italy) for the novel pandemic @entity683 . From Sept 09 to Jan 10, all @entity1 admitted to our Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Emergency Department with @entity649 due to @entity281 were studied. All ECMO treatments were veno-venous. @entity281 was confirmed by PCR assayed on pharyngeal swab, subglottic aspiration and bronchoalveolar lavage. Lung pathology was evaluated daily by lung ultrasound (LUS) examination. RESULTS: A total of 12 @entity1 were studied: 7 underwent ECMO treatment, and 5 responded to protective mechanical ventilation. Two @entity1 had @entity325 by @entity2114 . One @entity1 was pregnant. In our series, PCR from bronchoalveolar lavage had a 100% sensitivity compared to 75% from pharyngeal swab samples. The routine use of LUS limited the number of chest X-ray examinations and decreased transportation to radiology for CT-scan, increasing @entity1 safety and avoiding the transitory disconnection from ventilator. No major complications occurred during ECMO treatments. In three cases, @entity548 from vascular access sites due to heparin infusion required blood transfusions. Overall mortality rate was 8.3%. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, early ECMO assistance resulted safe and feasible, considering the life threatening condition, in H1N1-induced @entity649 . Lung ultrasound is an effective mean for daily assessment of @entity649 @entity1 .

title: Ventilatory and ECMO treatment of H1N1-induced severe XXXX : results of an Italian referral ECMO center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['H1N1 infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity2114 :: ('446', 'Species') :: ['Legionella Pneumophila']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infection']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10974 ( @entity10974 ) has been associated with inflammatory and infectious @entity358 . This study evaluates @entity10974 concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid as a potential marker of @entity2489 ( @entity3257 ). METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2007, BAL fluid samples obtained from critically ill @entity1 at the intensive care unit of the Maastricht University Medical Centre clinically suspected of having @entity3257 were included. @entity1 were divided into two groups: (1) microbiologically confirmed @entity3257 (the @entity3257 group) and (2) microbiologically unconfirmed @entity3257 (the @entity3257 ). The concentration of @entity10974 was measured by means of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and retrospective analysis was performed. Areas under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated for @entity10974 concentrations. RESULTS: A total of 196 @entity1 (122 @entity1 , 74 @entity1 ) were included. A total of 79 (40%) of 196 cases of suspected @entity3257 were microbiologically confirmed. The median @entity10974 concentration in the @entity3257 group was 3,019 ng/mL (range, 282 to 65,546 ng/mL) versus 2,504 ng/mL (range, 62 to 30,240 ng/mL) in the @entity3257 (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in @entity10974 concentrations between @entity1 treated with or without @entity288 (P = 0.26) or antibiotic therapy (P = 0.9). The @entity10974 concentration did not differ significantly between @entity1 with Gram-positive versus Gram-negative bacteria that caused the @entity3257 (P = 0.06). However, @entity10974 concentrations did differ significantly between the late-onset @entity3257 group and the @entity3257 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity10974 concentration in BAL fluid yielded low diagnostic accuracy in confirming the presence of @entity3257 .

title: Clara cell protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a predictor of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['VAP', 'non-VAP group']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of traditional Chinese medicine mask combined with skin care in the treatment of @entity2118 after burns. METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 with @entity2118 after burns hospitalized from January 2009 to June 2010 were enrolled and divided into treatment group (n = 26, odd number) and control group (n = 15, even number) according to the visiting order. After cleaning, massaging, and steam spraying to faces, @entity1 in treatment and control groups were respectively treated with traditional Chinese medicine mask developed by physicians in our hospital and common commercial beauty mask. Masks were removed when they became completely dry. The treatment was repeated every other day. Ten times made up a course of treatment. Three consecutive courses were carried out on each @entity1 . Before treatment and at the end of each course, the skin color differences were measured with Vancouver Pigmented Scar Scale; image gray scale value of pigmented skin was measured with image analysis technique. Satisfaction degree acknowledged by both @entity1 and physicians were recorded at the end of each course; adverse effects were recorded; and the overall efficacy between two groups was compared. Data were processed with chi-square test or t test. RESULTS: Skin color differences, image gray scale value of @entity1 in treatment group were close to those in control group before treatment (with t value respectively 0.800 and 0.694, P values all above 0.05). Skin color differences, image gray scale value, and satisfaction degree acknowledged by both @entity1 and physicians in treatment group were better than those in control group at the end of each course. At the end of the third course of treatment, the skin color differences in treatment and control groups scored 0.5    0.4 and 1.1    0.6, respectively, with image gray scale value of 55    5 and 66    6, respectively, which were statistically different from each other (with t value respectively 3.389 and 5.102, P values all below 0.01). The overall efficacy of the treatment group was 92.3%, which was much better than that of the control group (53.3%,   (2) = 6.31, P < 0.05). No @entity566 caused by the traditional Chinese medicine mask was observed during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The traditional Chinese medicine mask combined with skin care is effective for the treatment of @entity2118 after burns.

title: [Treatment of XXXX after burns with traditional Chinese medicine mask and skin care].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['facial pigmentation']

answer: @entity2118 :: (MESH:D010859,Disease) :: ['facial pigmentation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the immunization coverage and immune effects of @entity1956 vaccine (HepB) among @entity1 who were immunized later than at birth in Guangzhou city. METHODS: A multistage randomized cluster sampling was used and the subjects were at age 20 to 59 years old, from the families of twelve districts in Guangzhou. Cross sectional analysis was carried out. Every study subject's HepB immunization history and main risk were investigated through questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected and then tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs by means of ELISA. The immunization coverage rate of HepB, prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs among every age group were valuated by sampling weights. The protective efficacy of the @entity1 with immunization of HepB was assessed by case-control study. RESULTS: The overall immunization rate of HepB was 24.71% (95%CI: 20.86%-28.56%) in the 20-59 age group. HBsAg prevalence rate was 14.91% (95%CI: 12.73%-17.08%), and 8.52% in vaccinated group while 18.15% in the non-vaccinated group. Results from case-control study showed that HepB had good protective efficacy to @entity97 in @entity1 of 20-59 years old. The protective rate of HepB against @entity97 was 62.6%. CONCLUSION: Vaccinating HepB on @entity1 after the neonatal period also non-newborn could provide good immune effect to @entity97 .

title: [Study on the immunization coverage and effects of XXXX vaccine in the 20-59 years-old population in Guangzhou city].

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: The cell wall is essential for viability of fungi and is an effective drug target in pathogens such as @entity5132 . The contribution of post-transcriptional gene regulators to cell wall integrity in @entity5132 is unknown. We show that the @entity5132 Ccr4-Pop2 mRNA deadenylase, a regulator of mRNA stability and translation, is required for cell wall integrity. The ccr4/pop2 mutants display reduced wall b-glucans and sensitivity to the echinocandin @entity11794 . Moreover, the deadenylase mutants are compromised for filamentation and virulence. We demonstrate that defective cell walls in the ccr4/pop2 mutants are linked to dysfunctional mitochondria and phospholipid imbalance. To further understand mitochondrial function in cell wall integrity, we screened a @entity375 collection of mitochondrial mutants. We identify several mitochondrial proteins required for @entity11794 tolerance and find a connection between mitochondrial phospholipid homeostasis and @entity11794 sensitivity. We focus on the mitochondrial outer membrane SAM complex subunit Sam37, demonstrating that it is required for both trafficking of phospholipids between the ER and mitochondria and cell wall integrity. Moreover, in @entity5132 also Sam37 is essential for @entity11794 tolerance. Our study provides the basis for an integrative view of mitochondrial function in fungal cell wall biogenesis and resistance to @entity5637 antifungal drugs.

title: Cell wall integrity is linked to mitochondria and phospholipid homeostasis in XXXX through the activity of the post-transcriptional regulator Ccr4-Pop2.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity5637 :: ('CHEBI:57248', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandin']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of 'erythroblast island (EI)' formation in the bone marrow of @entity1 with immun-related hemocytopenia ( @entity17731 ). METHODS: The category of BM-auto antibody (au Ab) in 48 @entity1 with @entity17731 was detected with FCM. The BM-au Ab in the 'EI' of these cases were explored with immuonhistofluorescence (IF). Clinical and laboratory characteristics of these cases were also analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: IgG could be detected in the 'EI' on the BM smear of 14 cases (29.17%), BM-au Ab mainly deposited at the edge/membranes between macrophage and erythroblasts rather than cyto plasm. Positive reaction were seen in all the cases with GlycoAIgG. The red blood cell count [(1.8    0.5)   10(12)/L] and hemoglobin level [(59.6    16.2)g/L] were significantly lower than that in the IF(-) group [(2.5    0.9)   10(12)/L and (83.4    25.0) g/L] (P < 0.05). The percentage of reticulocyte [(2.0    0.8)%], serum level of IBIL [(9.4    4.7)   mol/L], percentage of erythroblats in sternum BM (0.441    0.139) and response rate to therapy (85.7%) in IF(+) group were significantly higher than that in IF(-)group [(1.3    1.0)%, (6.6    6.7)  mol/L, 0.298    0.082, 61.3%, respectively] (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Macrophage was connected with erythroblasts through autologous IgG in the 'EI's of some @entity1 with @entity17731 . 'EI' were the places where macrophages devoured and destroyed erythroblasts rather than erythroid development and differentiation. The pathogenetic mechanism of @entity17731 might be associated with macrophages phagocytosing and destroying BM hematopoietic cells.

title: [Preliminary study of "erythroblast island" in the bone marrow of hematocytopenic XXXX with positive BMMNC-Coombs test.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the personal experiences of treating @entity15265 ( @entity15265 ) with gamma knife or cyberknife and evaluate the medium and long-term outcomes. METHODS: From June 1999 to December 2008, 20 @entity15265 @entity1 were treated by radiosurgery (gamma knife or cyberknife). Among them, 11 had @entity41 after surgery and 9 were diagnosed by neuroradiology. All cases on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed well-defined and homogeneous hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. The mean maximum diameter of @entity5 was 38.7    9.3 mm (range: 23.0 - 60.6). The volume of @entity5 ranged between 4.1 - 52.6 cm(3) with a mean of (18.7    12.5) cm(3). The @entity5 margin dose irradiated by gamma knife ranged from 9 to 16 Gy (mean 12.3    2.3 Gy). The @entity5 margin dose irradiated by cyberknife was 20 - 21 Gy in 3 fractions. The mean follow-up period was (60    32) months (range: 12 - 120). RESULTS: Follow-up imaging showed @entity5 volume decreased over 90% (n = 5), @entity5 regressed over 50% in volume (n = 9) and no change in @entity5 volume (n = 1). One @entity1 with large @entity5 (irradiated 10 Gy) was operated by open surgery at 5 months after gamma knife. Four @entity5 decreased over 50% in volume after cyberknife. Neurologically, none of these @entity1 showed any deterioration. And 16 @entity1 demonstrated an obvious improvement after radiosurgery. At the last follow-up, there were no complications related to radiosurgery. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery (Gamma knife or cyberknife) is a safe and effective modality for small- and medium-sized @entity15265 . Fractionated Cyberknife proves to be an effective treatment for large or giant @entity15265 . Thus radiosurgery will be an alternative option to surgery.

title: [Radiosurgery for XXXX : medium- and long-term results].

entities_list: @entity15265 :: ('MESH:D020226', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous sinus hemangiomas', 'CSH']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'giant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity15265 :: (MESH:D020226,Disease) :: ['cavernous sinus hemangiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of @entity21468 in @entity6196 ( @entity6196 ), explore the value of immunohistochemical staining of @entity21468 in combination with other neural markers in diagnosis of @entity6196 , and analyze the prognostic factors in @entity6196 @entity1 . METHODS: 35 cases of @entity6196 , of which 33 cases with complete clinical data, were included in this study. Immmunohistochemistry (The En Vision method) was applied to detect the expression of @entity21468 , @entity3778 , @entity15735 , @entity3508 , S-100, NF, @entity2277 in the @entity5 tissues. The clinicopathological data of 33 cases were analyzed by Cox regression. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of @entity21468 were 51.4% and that of @entity3778 was 88.6%. The sensitivity of @entity21468 combined with @entity3778 was up to 100%. The positive rates of @entity2277 , @entity15735 , @entity3508 , s-100 and NF were 91.4%, 48.6%, 45.7%, 22.9% and 0, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that the impact of primary location and treatment modality were of statistical significance (P < 0.05), but the age, sex, stage or size of @entity5 did not (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical detection of @entity21468 and neural markers is a preferred method for clinical diagnosis of @entity6196 . The main factors affecting the prognosis are the primary location of @entity6196 and treatment modality.

title: [Expression of XXXX and analysis of prognostic factors in primitive neuroectodermal tumor].

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['PNET', 'primitive neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity21468 :: (2313,Gene) :: ['FLI-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical experiences, efficacies and postoperative left ventricular remodeling changes of surgical ventricular reconstruction in the treatment of post- @entity1188 . METHODS: The investigators reviewed retrospectively the clinical data, operative approaches and follow-up outcomes of consecutive 194 @entity1 with post- @entity1188 , who underwent surgical ventricular reconstruction between January 1997 and December 2009. There were 54 cases in the linear group and 137 cases in the endoventricular patch plasty group. The changes of ventricular remodeling were measured by peri-operative and follow-up echocardiography. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent surgery with a mean cardiopulmonary bypass duration of (103    35) min and aortic cross clamp duration of (62    26) min. There were 8 per-operative deaths with a mortality rate of 2.2%. Angina pectoris of other cases disappeared and heart function greatly improved. After operation, the ventricular remodeling results showed that in the linear group, there was not significant difference in the changes of ventricular remodeling of post-op 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 5 years versus pre-operation. However, in the endoventricular patch group, the changes of ventricular remodeling of post-op 2 weeks and follow-up 6 months versus pre-operation were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). End-systolic volume (LVESV) reduced from (129    27) ml to (65    8) ml and end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) decreased from (104    14) ml/m(2) to (44    6) ml/m(2) and the subgroup of LVEF < 35% was the most significant in the changes of LVESV and LVESVI. But LVEF improved significantly at post-operation and follow-up (from preoperation 42%    11% to 52%    7% during follow-up). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity1188 , left ventricular reconstruction is quite effective. The choice of operative approaches is determined by the size and range of @entity439 . Both string suture and endoventricular patch plasty technique can yield similarly satisfactory surgical outcomes. After operation, ventricular volume significantly decreases and cardiac function greatly improves.

title: [Surgical treatment of post- XXXX : clinical analysis].

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction left ventricular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular aneurysm']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction left ventricular aneurysm']


abstract: Single oral doses of @entity5354 were administered to eight healthy volunteers on two different occasions, once at 8.00 am and once at 10.00 pm, in a randomized crossover design with at least one week separating treatments. A fast was maintained for 12 hours prior to and for 2 hours after the morning dose and the subjects did not lie down for at least 12 hours after dosing. A standard dinner was eaten 3 hours prior to the evening dose, and a fast was maintained for 10 hours after dosing; the subjects laid down 2 hours after dosing for at least 6 hours. Blood was collected at specific times for 72 hours and the total volume of urine voided was collected through 72 hours. @entity5354 concentrations in plasma and urine were measured by HPLC. @entity5354 absorption was slower in 7 of the 8 volunteers following the evening dose relative to the morning dose. Mean +/- S.D. tmax for the evening dose was 2.6 +/- 0.5 hours compared to 1.7 +/- 0.8 for the morning dose. The corresponding mean +/- S.D. Cmax following the morning dose was 446 +/- 124 ng @entity4654 compared to 402 +/- 114 ng @entity4654 after the evening dose. The mean +/- S.D. AUC was 3328 +/- 1101 ng . h . @entity4654 after the morning dose and 3561 +/- 1430 ng . h . @entity4654 after the evening dose. The harmonic mean half-life was 7.4 hours after both treatments. These data indicated that the total amount of drug absorbed and the elimination rate constant of the drug had not varied between treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of time of dosing on the disposition of oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5354 :: ('MESH:C032151', 'Chemical') :: ['cibenzoline', 'Cibenzoline']

answer: @entity5354 :: (MESH:C032151,Chemical) :: ['cibenzoline']


abstract: Twenty-one @entity235 were rendered hydrocephalic by the intracisternal injection of @entity4563 . After various intervals between 1 and 44 days the animals were anesthetized for the measurement of arterial (lingual), @entity48950 . Following the recordings the animals were sacrificed by @entity406 infusion, the brains sectioned serially, and ventricular size measured. In general, the longer the period of incubation the larger the ventricles. There was no correlation between the degree of @entity1276 and mean or pulsatile ventricular pressure. All animals with a pressure of less than 9 torr demonstrated non-linear transmission of the arterial wave into the CSF (which is the same as the pulse in the venous bed). All animals with a pressure greater than 12 torr had linear transmission of the wave. These findings in the hydrocephalic animals are the same as those found in nonhydrocephalic animals with similar pressures. It is concluded that the CSF pulse wave seen in hydrocephalic @entity235 is a result of how the cerebrovascular bed processes the cardiac pulse wave and is independent of the hydrocephalic process. There is no evidence that the pulse wave produces @entity1276 .

title: The CSF pulse wave in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity48950 :: ('MESH:D020225', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular, and sagittal sinus pressures']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: A prospective study was undertaken to determine the reproducibility of clinical staging based on digital rectal examination (DRE) in @entity263 . We evaluated 48 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with localized @entity263 . Four urologists performed DRE and sorted the @entity1 according to the 1992 American Joint Committee on Cancer Classification for @entity263 . Both the percentage observed total agreement among each couple of two different observers and the interobserver variability (Kappa index) were analyzed. The percentage observed total agreement among observers in distinguishing five clinical subcategories (T1c, T2a, T2b, T2c, and T3a) ranged between 38-60% (mean 49%) and the Kappa index showed interobserver agreement was poor (overall Kappa = 0.3 1). All four examiners agreed in assigning the same subcategory in only 21 % of cases, and 90% of them were T I. If only categories are distinguished (T I, T2, or T3), the percentage observed total agreement rises to 60-71% (mean 66%) and the interexaminer agreement improves to good (overall Kappa = 0.4 1). Accurate pathologic staging was obtained in every @entity1 and the percentage observed agreement between every examiner and the pathologist was calculated, excluding cases interpreted as @entity8713 . Regarding subcategories, clinicopathologic agreement ranges between 17-46%. If only categories T2 and9T3 are distinguished, agreement rises to 57-69%. In summary, the ability to reproduce clinical staging based on DRE among multiple examiners is disappointingly low and understandably correlates poorly with pathologic stage.

title: Interobserver consistency of digital rectal examination in clinical staging of localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']