abstract: The @entity3686 ( @entity3686 ) is caused by mutations in @entity3687 and exhibits a widely variable expression. Usually @entity3686 is heralded with continuous microhematuria which rapidly progresses to @entity644 , @entity101 and @entity454 ( @entity454 ) by adolescence, frequently accompanied by @entity1274 and @entity2194 . Milder forms of @entity3686 also exist. We studied 42 @entity1 (19M, 23F) of nine Hellenic families suspected clinically of X-linked @entity3686 who presented with marked phenotypic heterogeneity. We identified mutations in @entity3687 in six families. Two males with nonsense mutation @entity72808 reached @entity454 by ages 14 and 18. Frameshift mutation @entity72809 followed the same course with early onset @entity8 and @entity2319 . However, two males with the milder missense mutation @entity72810 , reached @entity454 after 39 years and one @entity1 showed @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Another 5/8 affected males with missense mutation @entity72811 also developed @entity454 between 30 and 57 years, while three exhibit only mild @entity177 ( @entity177 ). The data support previous findings that certain mutations are associated with milder phenotypes and confirm that mutation @entity72810 may be expressed as @entity8 with @entity13634 . Similar conclusions apply for missense mutation @entity72811 . Interestingly, mutations @entity72810 and @entity72811 are near the 12th natural interruption of @entity3687 triple helical domain, which may explain the milder phenotype.

title: XXXX in Hellenic families: phenotypic heterogeneity and mutations near interruptions of the collagen domain in @entity3687 .

answer: @entity3686 :: (MESH:D009394,Disease) :: ['X-linked Alport syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuraxial administration of @entity1286 is an effective way of controlling @entity282 and reducing analgesic consumption. Some animal models have demonstrated that preemptive administration of neuraxial narcotics reduces @entity158 , while others have revealed the contrary. In addition, there have been no consistent results in clinical settings. This double-blind, randomized study compared the effects of pre- vs. post-incisional administration of neuraxial @entity1286 on @entity282 perception and analgesic requirements over 48 hours following laparotomy for open colectomy under standardized general anesthesia. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 received epidural @entity1286 (3 mg) before the incision and saline after wound closure (MO1 group), and twenty @entity1 received epidural saline before the incision and @entity1286 after wound closure (MO2 group). Postoperatively, all @entity1 received @entity1286 boluses (1.5 mg) via intravenous @entity1 -controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) and rescue doses of intramuscular @entity3522 (75 mg) every 6 hours, as needed. RESULTS: MO1 @entity1 used significantly (P<0.05) more @entity1286 than the MO2 group during the first 24 postoperative hours and activated the PCA device more frequently throughout the 48-hour study period. The MO1 group was characterized by significantly (P<0.05) higher self-rated @entity158 scores than the @entity16145 group throughout the study. The self-rated levels of sedation and satisfaction of the MO2 @entity1 were also consistently better (P<0.05) than those of the MO1 @entity1 , especially during the second postoperative day. CONCLUSION: Pre-incisional epidural @entity1286 in @entity1 undergoing open colonic surgery under general anesthesia was associated with more @entity282 , a greater need for analgesics, and poorer @entity1 satisfaction compared to post-incisional @entity1286 administration.

title: XXXX and increased @entity1286 consumption follow pre- rather than post-incisional single dose epidural @entity1286 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Higher postoperative pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuraxial administration of @entity1286 is an effective way of controlling @entity282 and reducing analgesic consumption. Some animal models have demonstrated that preemptive administration of neuraxial narcotics reduces @entity158 , while others have revealed the contrary. In addition, there have been no consistent results in clinical settings. This double-blind, randomized study compared the effects of pre- vs. post-incisional administration of neuraxial @entity1286 on @entity282 perception and analgesic requirements over 48 hours following laparotomy for open colectomy under standardized general anesthesia. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 received epidural @entity1286 (3 mg) before the incision and saline after wound closure (MO1 group), and twenty @entity1 received epidural saline before the incision and @entity1286 after wound closure (MO2 group). Postoperatively, all @entity1 received @entity1286 boluses (1.5 mg) via intravenous @entity1 -controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) and rescue doses of intramuscular @entity3522 (75 mg) every 6 hours, as needed. RESULTS: MO1 @entity1 used significantly (P<0.05) more @entity1286 than the MO2 group during the first 24 postoperative hours and activated the PCA device more frequently throughout the 48-hour study period. The MO1 group was characterized by significantly (P<0.05) higher self-rated @entity158 scores than the @entity16145 group throughout the study. The self-rated levels of sedation and satisfaction of the MO2 @entity1 were also consistently better (P<0.05) than those of the MO1 @entity1 , especially during the second postoperative day. CONCLUSION: Pre-incisional epidural @entity1286 in @entity1 undergoing open colonic surgery under general anesthesia was associated with more @entity282 , a greater need for analgesics, and poorer @entity1 satisfaction compared to post-incisional @entity1286 administration.

title: @entity282 and increased XXXX consumption follow pre- rather than post-incisional single dose epidural @entity1286 .

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuraxial administration of @entity1286 is an effective way of controlling @entity282 and reducing analgesic consumption. Some animal models have demonstrated that preemptive administration of neuraxial narcotics reduces @entity158 , while others have revealed the contrary. In addition, there have been no consistent results in clinical settings. This double-blind, randomized study compared the effects of pre- vs. post-incisional administration of neuraxial @entity1286 on @entity282 perception and analgesic requirements over 48 hours following laparotomy for open colectomy under standardized general anesthesia. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 received epidural @entity1286 (3 mg) before the incision and saline after wound closure (MO1 group), and twenty @entity1 received epidural saline before the incision and @entity1286 after wound closure (MO2 group). Postoperatively, all @entity1 received @entity1286 boluses (1.5 mg) via intravenous @entity1 -controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) and rescue doses of intramuscular @entity3522 (75 mg) every 6 hours, as needed. RESULTS: MO1 @entity1 used significantly (P<0.05) more @entity1286 than the MO2 group during the first 24 postoperative hours and activated the PCA device more frequently throughout the 48-hour study period. The MO1 group was characterized by significantly (P<0.05) higher self-rated @entity158 scores than the @entity16145 group throughout the study. The self-rated levels of sedation and satisfaction of the MO2 @entity1 were also consistently better (P<0.05) than those of the MO1 @entity1 , especially during the second postoperative day. CONCLUSION: Pre-incisional epidural @entity1286 in @entity1 undergoing open colonic surgery under general anesthesia was associated with more @entity282 , a greater need for analgesics, and poorer @entity1 satisfaction compared to post-incisional @entity1286 administration.

title: @entity282 and increased @entity1286 consumption follow pre- rather than post-incisional single dose epidural XXXX .

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The European Union-as well as other parts of the world-faces a major challenge of increasing incidence of overweight/ @entity28 . In particular, the increase in @entity28 gives rise to a strong imperative for immediate action. Yet, little is known about the effectiveness of community interventions, and further research in this field is needed. There is, however, a growing consensus that such research should start from the paradigm that the current living environments tend to counteract healthy lifestyles. Questioning these environments thoroughly can help to develop new pathways for sustainable health-promoting communities. Against this background, the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in @entity1 and @entity1 ) study developed and implemented innovative community-oriented intervention programmes for @entity28 prevention and healthy lifestyle primarily in @entity1 aged 2-10 years in eight European countries: Sweden, Estonia, Germany, Belgium, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Cyprus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The IDEFICS community-oriented intervention study mobilised an integrated set of interventional efforts at different levels of society, with the aim of facilitating the adoption of a healthy @entity28 -preventing lifestyle. The overall programme has been composed of 10 modules: three at community level, six at school level and one for parents. The main focus was on diet, physical activity and stress-coping capacity. The sphere of action encompassed both @entity1 and their (grand) parents, schools, local public authorities and influential stakeholders in the community. All materials for the interventions were centrally developed and culturally adapted. RESULTS: So far, the following has been achieved: focus group research, literature review and expert consultations were done in an early phase as a basis for the development of the intervention modules. The intervention mapping protocol was followed as guide for structuring the intervention research. The overall intervention programme's duration was 2 years, but a longer-term follow-up programme is under development. CONCLUSIONS: This large-scale European effort is expected to contribute significantly to the understanding of this major public health challenge.

title: The IDEFICS community-oriented intervention programme: a new model for XXXX prevention in Europe?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effect of @entity5402 on gastrointestinal function in a @entity235 model of oral resuscitation for @entity1457 . METHODS: Twenty @entity235 with intubation of the carotid artery, jugular vein and jejunum for 24 h were subjected to 35% total body surface area full-thickness burns, and were divided into three groups: no fluid resuscitation (NR, n = 10), in which animals did not receive fluid by any means in the first 24 h post-burn; oral fluid resuscitation (OR, n = 8), in which @entity235 were gavaged with @entity413 -electrolyte solution (GES) with volume and rate consistent with the Parkland formula; and oral fluid with @entity5402 group (OR/CAR, n = 8), in which @entity235 were gavaged with GES containing @entity5402 (20  g/kg), with the same volume and rate as the OR group. Twenty-four hours after burns, all animals were given intravenous fluid replacement, and 72 h after injury, they received nutritional support. Hemodynamic and gastrointestinal parameters were measured serially with animals in conscious and cooperative state. RESULTS: The mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and plasma volume dropped markedly, and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion was reduced obviously after the @entity130 in all the three groups. Hemodynamic parameters and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion in the OR and OR/CAR groups were promoted to pre-injury level at 48 and 72 h, respectively, while hemodynamic parameters in the NR group did not return to pre-injury level till 72 h, and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion remained lower than pre-injury level until 120 h post-burn. @entity3158 of the gastric mucosa and intestinal mucosa blood flow of OR/CAR groups were 56.4    4.7 mmHg and 157.7    17.7 blood perfusion units (BPU) at 24 h post-burn, respectively, which were significantly superior to those in the OR group (65.8    5.8 mmHg and 127.7    11.9 BPU, respectively, all P < 0.05). Gastric emptying and intestinal absorption rates of GES were significantly reduced to the lowest level (52.8% and 23.7% of pre-injury levels) in the OR group at about 2 and 4 h post-burn, and did not return to 80% of pre-injury level until 24 h. In the first 24 h post-burn, the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal water absorption were elevated by a mean 15.7% and 11.5%, respectively, in the OR/CAR group compared with the OR group. At 5 days, the mortality in the NR group was 30% (3/10), 12.5% in the OR group (1/8), and none in the OR/CAR group. CONCLUSION: @entity5402 had a beneficial effect on oral resuscitation of @entity1457 by promoting gastric emptying and intestinal absorption in our @entity235 model.

title: XXXX promotes gastrointestinal function during oral resuscitation of @entity1457 .

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'Beagle dogs', 'dog', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['burn shock']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity5402 :: (MESH:D002217,Chemical) :: ['Carbachol']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effect of @entity5402 on gastrointestinal function in a @entity235 model of oral resuscitation for @entity1457 . METHODS: Twenty @entity235 with intubation of the carotid artery, jugular vein and jejunum for 24 h were subjected to 35% total body surface area full-thickness burns, and were divided into three groups: no fluid resuscitation (NR, n = 10), in which animals did not receive fluid by any means in the first 24 h post-burn; oral fluid resuscitation (OR, n = 8), in which @entity235 were gavaged with @entity413 -electrolyte solution (GES) with volume and rate consistent with the Parkland formula; and oral fluid with @entity5402 group (OR/CAR, n = 8), in which @entity235 were gavaged with GES containing @entity5402 (20  g/kg), with the same volume and rate as the OR group. Twenty-four hours after burns, all animals were given intravenous fluid replacement, and 72 h after injury, they received nutritional support. Hemodynamic and gastrointestinal parameters were measured serially with animals in conscious and cooperative state. RESULTS: The mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and plasma volume dropped markedly, and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion was reduced obviously after the @entity130 in all the three groups. Hemodynamic parameters and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion in the OR and OR/CAR groups were promoted to pre-injury level at 48 and 72 h, respectively, while hemodynamic parameters in the NR group did not return to pre-injury level till 72 h, and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion remained lower than pre-injury level until 120 h post-burn. @entity3158 of the gastric mucosa and intestinal mucosa blood flow of OR/CAR groups were 56.4    4.7 mmHg and 157.7    17.7 blood perfusion units (BPU) at 24 h post-burn, respectively, which were significantly superior to those in the OR group (65.8    5.8 mmHg and 127.7    11.9 BPU, respectively, all P < 0.05). Gastric emptying and intestinal absorption rates of GES were significantly reduced to the lowest level (52.8% and 23.7% of pre-injury levels) in the OR group at about 2 and 4 h post-burn, and did not return to 80% of pre-injury level until 24 h. In the first 24 h post-burn, the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal water absorption were elevated by a mean 15.7% and 11.5%, respectively, in the OR/CAR group compared with the OR group. At 5 days, the mortality in the NR group was 30% (3/10), 12.5% in the OR group (1/8), and none in the OR/CAR group. CONCLUSION: @entity5402 had a beneficial effect on oral resuscitation of @entity1457 by promoting gastric emptying and intestinal absorption in our @entity235 model.

title: @entity5402 promotes gastrointestinal function during oral resuscitation of XXXX .

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['burn shock']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of implant geometry on primary stability and on peri-implant @entity604 in an in vitro model using the Periotest and Osstell devices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Screw-type implants of various diameters and lengths were inserted into @entity291 bone blocks of different densities, and the primary insertion stability was recorded. To study the influence of implant geometry on implant stability with different levels of peri-implant @entity604 , implants were inserted into acrylic resin blocks to mimic osseointegration, and different amounts of the peri-implant acrylic resin were removed. Measurements with both devices at each millimeter step yielded the threshold for the least detectable @entity6730 . RESULTS: The predominant factors influencing implant stability were bone quality and @entity6730 . Implant type and length exerted some influence on implant stability values, while variations in implant diameter produced only minor alterations in the measurements. In simulations of peri-implant @entity6730 , implant stability decreased more dramatically for the shorter and narrower implants. The inclusion of more variables in the analyses resulted in less focused measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study clearly show that the outcome of implant stability assessment depends on environmental factors such as bone quality and implant geometry. While the authors do not recommend the use of the Periotest or Osstell devices for a comparison of the stability of two individual implants, both should be useful to monitor the state of an individual implant over time.

title: Influence of implant geometry on primary insertion stability and simulated peri-implant XXXX : an in vitro study using resonance frequency analysis and damping capacity assessment.

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nasal septal surgery is a common procedure, but there are concerns that the benefits of this surgery are mainly cosmetic. OBJECTIVE OF REVIEW: The primary aim is to identify any functional benefits of septal surgery and provide any evidence of a change in patency of the nasal airway, as assessed by objective methods such as rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry and peak nasal inspiratory flow. TYPE OF REVIEW: Systematic review. SEARCH STRATEGY: A systematic search of the available literature was performed, using Pubmed, Medline (1950-November 2010), Embase (1947-November 2010) and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Papers written in English that objectively compared pre- and post-surgical treatment of @entity8968 in adults because of septal deviation were reviewed. Objective measurements of rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry and nasal peak inspiratory flow were specified within the search. Searches were restricted to surgery on the nasal septum, which included septoplasty, submucous resection and septal (deviation) corrective surgery. RESULTS: Seven studies (460 @entity1 ) involving rhinomanometry, six studies (182 @entity1 ) with acoustic rhinometry and one study (22 @entity1 ) using nasal peak inspiratory flow were included in the review. All the studies reported an objective improvement in nasal patency after septal surgery. Mean unilateral nasal resistance (data from six studies) decreased from preoperative 1.19 Pa/cm(3) /s to postoperative 0.39 Pa/cm(3) /s, mean minimum cross-sectional area (data from five studies) increased from preoperative 0.45 cm(2) to postoperative 0.61 cm(2) , median peak nasal inspiratory flow (data from one study) increased by 35 L/min after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: There is sufficient evidence in the literature to conclude that septal surgery improves objective measures of nasal patency and that improved nasal airflow may have beneficial effects for the @entity1 .

title: Objective evidence for the efficacy of surgical management of the deviated septum as a treatment for chronic XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity8968 :: (MESH:D015508,Disease) :: ['nasal obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity86 differ between @entity1 who undergo abdominal benign hysterectomy in a fast-track model under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia with intrathecal @entity1286 . DESIGN: Secondary analysis from a randomized, open, multicenter study. SETTING: Five hospitals in south-east Sweden. POPULATION: One-hundred and eighty @entity1 scheduled for benign hysterectomy were randomized; 162 completed the study; 82 were allocated to spinal and 80 to general anesthesia. METHODS: The Swedish Postoperative Symptoms Questionnaire, completed daily for 1 week and thereafter once a week until 5 weeks postoperatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occurrence, intensity and duration of @entity86 . RESULTS: @entity1 who had hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia with intrathecal @entity1286 experienced significantly less discomfort postoperatively compared with those who had the operation under general anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia reduced the need for opioids postoperatively. The most common symptoms were @entity158 , @entity390 and @entity391 , itching, drowsiness and @entity1295 . @entity490 , drowsiness and @entity1295 occurred significantly less often and with lower intensity among the spinal anesthesia group. Although @entity1209 was reported equally in the two groups, @entity391 episodes were reported significantly more often during the first day after surgery in the spinal anesthesia group. Spinal anesthesia was associated with a higher prevalence of postoperative itching. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal anesthesia with intrathecal @entity1286 carries advantages regarding @entity86 and recovery following fast-track abdominal hysterectomy.

title: Mode of anesthesia and XXXX following abdominal hysterectomy in a fast-track setting.

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative symptoms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Index of Dental @entity148 (IDAF-4C) is a theoretically derived test developed to allow clinicians and researchers to measure a @entity1 's level of dental fear. Population norms have not previously been made available for the IDAF-4C. The aim of this study was to provide Australian norms for the IDAF-4C using percentile ranks and to examine associations between scores and individual-level characteristics, dental avoidance and fear of @entity158 . METHODS: A stratified random sample of 1511 Australian adults yielded complete questionnaire data for 1063 individuals (70.4%). Percentile ranks were calculated for IDAF-4C full scale scores stratified by age and gender. RESULTS: IDAF-4C mean scores varied significantly by age, gender, income, and speaking a language other than English at home. Tables to convert raw scores to percentiles showed that full scale scores varied by age and gender. Scores on the IDAF-4C had strong and significant associations with avoidance of the dentist due to fear, average dental visiting frequency and @entity148 about @entity158 when going to the dentist. CONCLUSIONS: Population norms allow clinicians or researchers to compare results for an individual or subgroup to the Australian population. It is recommended that a dental fear scale be used to screen all dental @entity1 for dental fear to enable a more tailored and effective dental treatment experience.

title: Australian population norms for the Index of Dental XXXX (IDAF-4C).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety and Fear', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety and Fear']


abstract: Intraocular foreign body (IOFB) is a common association of penetrating @entity2194 . Early diagnosis and removal of IOFBs especially if they are metallic is very important to determine further management and the final result of treatment. Missed IOFB may present in different clinical aspects that may limit its detection and symptoms may only become apparent after a prolonged period of time. We report a case of a missed metallic intraocular foreign body in the anterior chamber over a 2-year period without causing severe inflammatory reaction and presented with @entity1596 later. A 42-year-old @entity1 presented with a progressive @entity227 , @entity158 , @entity3917 , and @entity2194 for 3  months. He had a history of traffic accident 2  years ago and he was accepted to intensive care unit for 3  days. Three months ago, in another center, he was admitted to hospital for 1  week and intravitreal antibiotics and medical treatment were given for @entity158 , @entity3917 , and redness in his left eye. In five o' clock meridian of the angle, there was an IOFB coated with hypopyon was observed under biomicrocopic magnification. Plain X-ray and computed tomography confirmed the foreign @entity735 . After obtaining informed consent from the @entity1 , the foreign body was removed under local anesthesia.

title: Anterior segment intraocular metallic foreign body causing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma', 'redness in the left eye']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurring of vision']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['body in the left eye']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['chronic hypopyon uveitis']


abstract: Entrapment of @entity1 cells in natural or synthetic biomaterials represents an important tool for both basic and applied research in tissue engineering. For instance, the encapsulation procedures allow to physically isolate cells from the surrounding environment, after their transplantation maintaining the normal cellular physiology. The first part of the current paper describes different microencapsulation techniques including bulk emulsion technique, vibrating-nozzle procedure, gas driven mono-jet device protocol and microfluidic based approach. In the second part, the application of a microencapsulation procedure to the embedding of @entity1 cells is also described. @entity1 is a bronchial epithelial cell line, derived from a @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 . Different experimental parameters of the encapsulation process were analyzed, including frequency and amplitude of vibration, polymer pumping rate and distance between the nozzle and the gelling bath. We have found that the microencapsulation procedure does not alter the viability of the encapsulated @entity1 cells. The encapsulated @entity1 cells were characterized in term of protein secretion, analysing the culture medium by Bio-Plex strategy. The analyzed factors include members of the interleukin family ( @entity650 ), chemokines ( @entity687 and @entity2842 ) and growth factors ( @entity1261 ). The experiments demonstrated that most of the analyzed proteins, were secreted both by the free and encapsulated cells, even if in a different extent.

title: Encapsulation of eukaryotic cells in alginate microparticles: cell signaling by TNF-alpha through capsular structure of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'IB3-1', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: The brain of teleost fish exhibits a significant degree of sexual plasticity, even in adulthood. This unique feature is almost certainly attributable to a teleost-specific @entity4998 , which remains largely unknown. To dissect the molecular basis of @entity4998 , we searched for genes differentially expressed between both sexes in the @entity7021 brain. One gene identified in the screen, @entity72812 , which encodes the steroidogenic enzyme aromatase, was selected for further analysis. As opposed to the situation in most vertebrates, @entity7021 @entity72812 is expressed at higher levels in the adult female brain than the male brain. The female-biased expression in the brain is consistent regardless of reproductive or diurnal cycle. @entity7021 @entity72812 is expressed throughout the ventricular zones in wide areas of the brain, where, in most regions, females have a greater degree of expression compared to males, with the optic tectum exhibiting the most conspicuous predominance in females. Contrary to what is known in mammals, @entity72812 expression exhibits neither a transient elevation nor a sex difference in @entity7021 embryos. It is not until just before the onset of puberty that @entity72812 expression in the @entity7021 brain is sexually differentiated. Finally, @entity72812 expression in the @entity7021 brain is not under the direct control of sex chromosome genes but relies mostly, if not solely, on @entity2931 derived from the gonad. These unique properties of aromatase expression in the brain probably contribute substantially to the less rigid sexual differentiation process, thus ensuring remarkable sexual plasticity in the teleost brain.

title: Sex differences in aromatase gene expression in the XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['sexual differentiation process of the brain', 'sexual differentiation of the teleost brain']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['medaka']


abstract: Threats of nuclear and other radiologic exposures have been increasing, but no countermeasure for @entity6937 has been approved by regulatory authorities. Because of their similarity to @entity1 in regard to physiology and anatomy, we are characterizing Gottingen minipigs as a model to aid the development of radiation countermeasures. Irradiated minipigs exhibit immunosuppression, severe @entity882 , @entity455 , and acute @entity32 . These complications render serial acquisition of blood samples problematic. Vascular access ports (VAP) facilitate serial sampling, but their use often is complicated by @entity281 . We demonstrate here the successful use of VAP for multiple blood samplings in irradiated minipigs. Device design and limited postoperative prophylactic antimicrobial therapy before irradiation were key to obtaining serial sampling, reducing swelling, and eliminating @entity39 at the implantation site. Modifications of previous protocols included the use of @entity16265 sutures instead of silk; eliminating chronic port access; single-use, sterile, antireflux prefilled syringes for flushing; strict aseptic weekly maintenance of the device, and acclimating animals to reduce stress. VAP remained functional in 19 of 20 irradiated animals for as long as 3 mo. The remaining VAP failed due to a small leak in the catheter, leading to clot formation. VAP-related @entity295 occurred in 2 minipigs. Blood sampling did not cause detectable stress in nonanesthetized sham-irradiated animals, according to leukograms and clinical signs.

title: Vascular access port implantation and serial blood sampling in a Gottingen minipig (Sus scrofa domestica) model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular leakage']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['infection and skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections and fibrin deposition']

entities_list: @entity16265 :: ('CHEBI:61607', 'Chemical') :: ['polydioxanone']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['acute radiation syndrome']

answer: @entity6937 :: (MESH:D054508,Disease) :: ['acute radiation injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the changes in split renal function after retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with @entity8 using ice-cold saline. METHODS: From June 2002 to October 2009, 32 @entity1 (median age 56 years) underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with @entity2332 using ice-cold saline for the treatment of small @entity703 . The total renal function was monitored using the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Split renal function was evaluated using @entity29582 renal scintigraphy preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The median renal ischemic time, including the initial 10 minutes for cooling, was 52 minutes (range 28-101). Of the @entity1 whose renal temperature was monitored, the lowest renal temperature during cooling was 15-25  C. The median decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate was 7.2 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) (range -16.3 to 33.7). The median decrease in the contribution of the affected @entity8 was 5.3% (range 0.4%-21.1%). On multivariate analysis, a shorter @entity63 duration was an independent predictor of a lesser decrease in the contribution of the affected kidney (P = .0032). CONCLUSIONS: The methods we have described are simple and effective to facilitate suboptimal @entity2332 . The decrease in the renal contribution of the affected kidney appeared to be minimal, although the ischemic time was relatively longer in our series.

title: XXXX using ice-cold saline for retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: evaluation of split renal function with @entity29582 renal scintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity29582 :: ('MESH:D019783', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney to global renal function', 'renal hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal hypothermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the changes in split renal function after retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with @entity8 using ice-cold saline. METHODS: From June 2002 to October 2009, 32 @entity1 (median age 56 years) underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with @entity2332 using ice-cold saline for the treatment of small @entity703 . The total renal function was monitored using the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Split renal function was evaluated using @entity29582 renal scintigraphy preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The median renal ischemic time, including the initial 10 minutes for cooling, was 52 minutes (range 28-101). Of the @entity1 whose renal temperature was monitored, the lowest renal temperature during cooling was 15-25  C. The median decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate was 7.2 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) (range -16.3 to 33.7). The median decrease in the contribution of the affected @entity8 was 5.3% (range 0.4%-21.1%). On multivariate analysis, a shorter @entity63 duration was an independent predictor of a lesser decrease in the contribution of the affected kidney (P = .0032). CONCLUSIONS: The methods we have described are simple and effective to facilitate suboptimal @entity2332 . The decrease in the renal contribution of the affected kidney appeared to be minimal, although the ischemic time was relatively longer in our series.

title: @entity8 using ice-cold saline for retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: evaluation of split renal function with XXXX renal scintigraphy.

answer: @entity29582 :: (MESH:D019783,Chemical) :: ['technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma study was established to investigate the immunologic and environmental causes of @entity565 in inner-city @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate potential atopic outcomes in the first 12 months and their relationships to environmental exposures and immune development. METHODS: A birth cohort of 560 @entity1 with at least 1 parent with @entity566 or @entity565 was established in Baltimore, Boston, New York, and St Louis. Wheezing is assessed every 3 months, allergen-specific IgE yearly, and mononuclear cell cytokine responses at birth and yearly; environmental assessments include dust allergen and endotoxin, maternal stress, and indoor @entity1239 and @entity7459 levels. RESULTS: Key outcomes in the first year include wheeze in 49%, 2 or more episodes of wheeze in 23%, @entity484 in 30%, and detectable IgE to milk, egg, and/or peanut in 32% and to cockroach in 4%. Household dust revealed levels of greater than 2  g/g to cockroach in 40%, mite in 19%, cat in 25%, and @entity19 in 29%, and 66% of homes housed at least 1 smoker. Positive associations were detected between multiple wheeze and @entity4874 levels, maternal stress, and maternal @entity308 , whereas cytokine responses to a variety of innate, adaptive, and mitogenic stimuli were inversely related to @entity484 . CONCLUSIONS: This high-risk cohort of inner-city @entity1 is exhibiting high rates of wheeze, @entity56 . Low cytokine responses at birth might be a risk factor for @entity484 , whereas a variety of adverse environmental exposures contribute to the risk of wheezing in infancy. These findings provide evidence of specificity in the interactions between immune development, environmental exposures, and the development of early features that might predict future @entity565 .

title: Relationships among environmental exposures, cord blood cytokine responses, XXXX , and wheeze at 1 year of age in an inner-city birth cohort (Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['eczema, and allergic sensitization']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The relationship between @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and the prognosis of @entity1 still remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of morphologic features of the microvessels in @entity1 with @entity157 after resection. METHODS: The paraffin-embedding specimens of 98 consecutive @entity157 @entity1 , who received primary resection between 2000 and 2002, were collected from our prospective established @entity5 bank. The intratumoral microvessels were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for @entity2279 and @entity2280 . The disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: There are two distinct microvessel types: capillary-like and sinusoid-like were identified in @entity5 tissues. The @entity1 could be divided into two groups according to their microvessel types. Both DFS and @entity1349 of capillary group @entity1 (n = 65) were better than those of sinusoid group @entity1 (n = 33). Multivariate analyses showed that the microvessel type was an independent risk factor for DFS (P = 0.016) and @entity1349 (P = 0.004) of this cohort. Capillary-like microvessels were more common in small @entity157 , and were significantly associated with higher microvessel density, while sinusoid-like microvessels were significantly correlated with lower microvessel density. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggested that the microvessel type is an effective predictor of survival in @entity1 with @entity157 after resection, which might serve as potential novel therapeutic targets for prevention of the recurrence of @entity157 after resection.

title: Morphologic classification of microvessels in XXXX is associated with the prognosis after resection.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'neovasculature in hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9963 is becoming an important health problem in Spain, a country with the third highest level of fish consumption after Japan and Portugal. The most common fish allergens are parvalbumins. In our area, the most widely consumed fish species are lean, such as whiff (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) and sole (Solea solea). Adverse reactions to fish are usually related to these species, a fact that is largely unknown to allergists in other countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify and purify the major allergen implicated in @entity56 response to sole and evaluate the IgE cross-reactivity of purified parvalbumins from whiff and sole, which are phylogenetically close, and more distant species (i.e. cod and salmon). METHODS: Eighteen Spanish fish- @entity56 @entity1 with a positive history of type I @entity566 to fish were recruited from the clinic. Total protein extracts and purified parvalbumins from whiff and sole were tested for their IgE-binding properties by combining two-dimensional Western blotting and mass spectrometry. The extent of cross-reactivity between these parvalbumins along with cod and salmon parvalbumins was investigated by IgE ELISA inhibition assay. RESULTS: An IgE-binding spot of approximately 14 kDa was identified as @entity15537 and confirmed as a major allergen in sole extract, which is recognized by almost 70% of the @entity1 . Whiff @entity15537 was recognized by 83.4% of the @entity1 . High cross-reactivity was determined for all purified parvalbumins by IgE inhibition assay. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Sole and whiff @entity15537 were confirmed as major allergens. The parvalbumins of sole, whiff, cod and salmon were highly cross-reactive, thus suggesting a high @entity535 sequence identity between them.

title: Identification of sole @entity15537 as a major allergen: study of cross-reactivity between parvalbumins in a Spanish fish- XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity9963 :: ('MESH:D005393', 'Disease') :: ['Fish allergy']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9963 is becoming an important health problem in Spain, a country with the third highest level of fish consumption after Japan and Portugal. The most common fish allergens are parvalbumins. In our area, the most widely consumed fish species are lean, such as whiff (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) and sole (Solea solea). Adverse reactions to fish are usually related to these species, a fact that is largely unknown to allergists in other countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify and purify the major allergen implicated in @entity56 response to sole and evaluate the IgE cross-reactivity of purified parvalbumins from whiff and sole, which are phylogenetically close, and more distant species (i.e. cod and salmon). METHODS: Eighteen Spanish fish- @entity56 @entity1 with a positive history of type I @entity566 to fish were recruited from the clinic. Total protein extracts and purified parvalbumins from whiff and sole were tested for their IgE-binding properties by combining two-dimensional Western blotting and mass spectrometry. The extent of cross-reactivity between these parvalbumins along with cod and salmon parvalbumins was investigated by IgE ELISA inhibition assay. RESULTS: An IgE-binding spot of approximately 14 kDa was identified as @entity15537 and confirmed as a major allergen in sole extract, which is recognized by almost 70% of the @entity1 . Whiff @entity15537 was recognized by 83.4% of the @entity1 . High cross-reactivity was determined for all purified parvalbumins by IgE inhibition assay. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Sole and whiff @entity15537 were confirmed as major allergens. The parvalbumins of sole, whiff, cod and salmon were highly cross-reactive, thus suggesting a high @entity535 sequence identity between them.

title: Identification of sole XXXX as a major allergen: study of cross-reactivity between parvalbumins in a Spanish fish- @entity56 population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity15537 :: (5816,Gene) :: ['parvalbumin']


abstract: Background. Many factors are responsible for this @entity73 , especially in long bones, but a possible genetic predisposition for the development of this complication remains unknown till now. In the present study, we aim to examine the @entity39368 gene polymorphism in @entity174 nonunion @entity1 and the correlation with clinical findings. Materials and Methods. We performed SNP analysis of the @entity39368 gene in 250 @entity174 nonunion @entity1 and 250 healthy subjects were genotyped in this hospital-based case control study, and 56 cases were further evaluated for mRNA expression of @entity39368 by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Results. @entity39368 gene TT, TG, and GG genotype frequencies of total @entity174 nonunion cases were 41.6%, 49.2%, and 9.20% and 54.4%, 39.2%, and 6.40% in healthy controls. Heterozygous TG genotype was found statistically significant in @entity174 nonunion cases compared with that in controls, whereas homozygous mutant GG genotype was not found significant. Moreover, we found that TG + GG genotypes were significantly different in serum expression of @entity39368 mRNA when compared with cases (TT genotypes). Conclusions. Our result signifies that genotype of @entity39368 affects the mRNA expression and acts as a risk factor that could synergistically increase the susceptibility of a @entity1 to develop @entity174 nonunion.

title: Study of Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 Genetic Polymorphism in Predisposition to XXXX : A Case Control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired healing']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fracture Nonunion']


abstract: Racial/ethnic disparities in female @entity0 survival continue to persist in United States. However, disparities comparing @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ), Asians and Caucasians remain to be assessed. We aimed to assess multiracial/ethnic disparities in @entity0 survival, and to examine the factors that may explain the variability. A total of 6,951 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 between 1992 and 1998 were identified from surveillance, epidemiology, and end results @entity5 registries. The effect of race/ethnicity and the prognostic factors on survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazard model. @entity3004 demonstrated a @entity1349 . Compared to Asians, Caucasians had 74% increased risk of dying (HR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.31-2.33), while @entity3004 were almost three times as likely as Asians to die, (HR = 2.78, 95% CI 2.02-3.86). After adjustment for the relevant covariates the @entity1349 of @entity3004 persisted. Relative to Asians, Caucasians were 45% more likely to die (HR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.93), while @entity3004 were more than two times as likely to die (HR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.86-3.55). There were substantial racial/ethnic disparities in @entity0 survival among United States @entity1 . @entity3004 demonstrated @entity1349 compared with either Caucasia ns or Asians, which persisted even after controlling factors known to influence @entity0 survival.

title: A five-year XXXX -specific @entity1349 of African American @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'African Americans']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['survival disadvantage']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Racial/ethnic disparities in female @entity0 survival continue to persist in United States. However, disparities comparing @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ), Asians and Caucasians remain to be assessed. We aimed to assess multiracial/ethnic disparities in @entity0 survival, and to examine the factors that may explain the variability. A total of 6,951 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 between 1992 and 1998 were identified from surveillance, epidemiology, and end results @entity5 registries. The effect of race/ethnicity and the prognostic factors on survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazard model. @entity3004 demonstrated a @entity1349 . Compared to Asians, Caucasians had 74% increased risk of dying (HR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.31-2.33), while @entity3004 were almost three times as likely as Asians to die, (HR = 2.78, 95% CI 2.02-3.86). After adjustment for the relevant covariates the @entity1349 of @entity3004 persisted. Relative to Asians, Caucasians were 45% more likely to die (HR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.93), while @entity3004 were more than two times as likely to die (HR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.86-3.55). There were substantial racial/ethnic disparities in @entity0 survival among United States @entity1 . @entity3004 demonstrated @entity1349 compared with either Caucasia ns or Asians, which persisted even after controlling factors known to influence @entity0 survival.

title: A five-year @entity0 -specific XXXX of African American @entity1 .

answer: @entity1349 :: (MESH:D011475,Disease) :: ['survival disadvantage']


abstract: Racial/ethnic disparities in female @entity0 survival continue to persist in United States. However, disparities comparing @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ), Asians and Caucasians remain to be assessed. We aimed to assess multiracial/ethnic disparities in @entity0 survival, and to examine the factors that may explain the variability. A total of 6,951 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 between 1992 and 1998 were identified from surveillance, epidemiology, and end results @entity5 registries. The effect of race/ethnicity and the prognostic factors on survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazard model. @entity3004 demonstrated a @entity1349 . Compared to Asians, Caucasians had 74% increased risk of dying (HR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.31-2.33), while @entity3004 were almost three times as likely as Asians to die, (HR = 2.78, 95% CI 2.02-3.86). After adjustment for the relevant covariates the @entity1349 of @entity3004 persisted. Relative to Asians, Caucasians were 45% more likely to die (HR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.93), while @entity3004 were more than two times as likely to die (HR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.86-3.55). There were substantial racial/ethnic disparities in @entity0 survival among United States @entity1 . @entity3004 demonstrated @entity1349 compared with either Caucasia ns or Asians, which persisted even after controlling factors known to influence @entity0 survival.

title: A five-year @entity0 -specific @entity1349 of African American XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a progressive, fatal disease with no known cause. Case studies primarily of athletes and several case-control studies have suggested that high levels of strenuous physical activity (PA) may increase the risk for @entity746 . This relationship has yet to be evaluated among @entity1 in population-based cohort studies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between PA and risk for @entity746 mortality in a large cohort of postmenopausal @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The @entity1 's Health Initiative (WHI) enrolled 161   809 postmenopausal @entity1 , aged 50 to 79 years (mean [SD] age, 63.6 [7.24] years), between 1993 and 1998 into either a clinical trial or an observational study at 40 clinical research centers across the United States. We conducted a cohort study from November 2014 to September 2015 using baseline and mortality data during an average of 9.6 years of follow-up from the entire WHI cohort, through September 1, 2013 (with 1.1% lost to follow-up), to address whether there is a relationship between PA and @entity746 mortality. EXPOSURES: The WHI assessed frequency and duration of mild, moderate, and strenuous PA at baseline via self-administered questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Underlying cause of death from @entity746 collected from death certificates. RESULTS: The WHI enrolled 161   809 @entity1 , of whom 165 died of @entity746 ; @entity1 who died of @entity746 were older (median age, 66 years; interquartile range, 61-69 years) compared with the total WHI study population (median age, 63 years; interquartile range, 57-69 years). Age-adjusted @entity746 mortality rates varied from 7.4 (95% CI, 5.5-9.9)/100   000 @entity1 -years for no strenuous PA to 10.6 (95% CI, 5.6-20.0)/100   000 @entity1 -years for strenuous PA 3 or more days per week (P   =   .07). Adjusted for age and body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), the odds ratio for death from @entity746 for @entity1 with strenuous PA 3 or more days per week compared with no reported strenuous PA was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.02-2.37; P   =   .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: To our knowledge, this is the first cohort study to report an increased risk for @entity746 mortality associated with strenuous PA in postmenopausal @entity1 . The association between strenuous PA and @entity746 risk observed does not compromise the overall benefit of strenuous PA for total mortality, @entity301 , and @entity0 reported in other WHI investigations, but it may provide an important clue to the etiology of @entity746 , if replicated by other studies.

title: Participation in Physical Activity and Risk for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mortality Among Postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: The increase in levels of free @entity1718 (FFA) in morning and afternoon milk after 48 h cold storage at 5 degrees C was determined at two stages of lactation in milk from 96 @entity291 . Lipolysis was positively correlated to day of lactation (r = 0.6, P less than 0.001), while the correlations between lipolysis and milk yield and fat content respectively were due to these factors being related to day of lactation. In afternoon milk the level of FFA increased almost three times above that in morning milk. Lipolysis was closely related to the @entity41837 ( @entity41837 ) activity associated with the cream fraction (r = 0.8, P less than 0.001). Afternoon milk had higher @entity41837 activity in the cream fraction than morning milk. Lipase activity in the cream increased with increasing stage of lactation. Cooling of milk increased @entity41837 activity associated with the fat phase. This effect was greater in afternoon milk from late lactation than in morning milk from early lactation. When heparin was added to milk the @entity41837 activity associated with the fat increased substantially; again, this effect was greater in afternoon milk from late lactation than in morning milk from early lactation. Lipolysis was higher in heparinized milk than in normal milk, and there was a close correlation between lipolysis and @entity41837 activity associated with the fat (r = 0.82, P less than 0.001). Characteristics of the milk fat globule influencing the attraction of @entity41837 were found to be fundamentally important to lipolysis.

title: Lipolysis and the distribution of lipase activity in XXXX milk in relation to stage of lactation and time of milking.

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Eight Holstein @entity291 were assigned to two groups of four each, and a switchback design was used. Treatments were 4 mA of alternating current and no current. Four periods were each 96 h. Current was applied across subdermal electrodes, located on each @entity291 's spine for 30 s, with a 30-s rest period between exposures for 5 min. @entity291 received current every 4 h for four 24-h intervals. No individual @entity291 received current at the same time every day. @entity6155 yield was reduced .16 kg/milking by exposure to 4 mA current. This decrease was not statistically significant. Percent @entity6155 fat and @entity6155 protein were not changed by current. Overall numbers of @entity6155 somatic cells were variable during the experiment. They increased during exposure to current, yet the increase was not statistically significant. Overall mean feed consumption and water consumption were not affected by treatments. The greatest behavioral response to current was upon initial exposure. @entity291 became accustomed to shock within 24 h of exposure. By the end of the fourth 96-h period of exposure, behavioral responses to current were almost extinct. We conclude that exposing @entity291 to 4 mA of alternating current, in a semirandomized nonavoidance environment, for four consecutive 24-h intervals does not alter @entity6155 yield, @entity6155 composition, or intake of feed and water.

title: Responses of dairy XXXX to alternating electrical current administered semirandomly in a nonavoidance environment.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The standard treatment for @entity1 with advanced transitional cell @entity150 is platin based chemotherapy. Only approximately 50% of the @entity1 respond to chemotherapy. Therefore, molecular predictive markers for identification of chemotherapy sensitive subgroups of @entity1 are highly needed. We selected the transcription factor @entity18720 from a previously identified gene expression signature for chemotherapy response. METHODS: @entity18720 expression and localization was assessed by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 282 @entity150 tumors from @entity1 with locally advanced (pT2-T4(b) and N(1-3)) or metastatic (M(1)) disease. All @entity1 had received @entity900 containing chemotherapy. Furthermore, QPCR analysis of three @entity18720 isoforms was performed on @entity5 specimens of advanced muscle invasive @entity150 (T2-4). Using the bladder cell lines T24 and SW780 the relation of @entity18720 and @entity900 and @entity136 sensitivity as well as cell proliferation was examined using siRNA directed @entity18720 knockdown. RESULTS: @entity18720 protein expression was analyzed on a @entity10226 with cores from 282 advanced @entity150 tumors from @entity1 treated with @entity900 based combinational chemotherapy. @entity18720 was identified as a strong independent predictive marker for a good response and survival after @entity900 -containing chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity150 . Strong @entity18720 nuclear and cytoplasmic staining predicted good response to chemotherapy in @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 , whereas weak @entity18720 nuclear staining predicted good response in @entity1 without lymph node @entity3 . In vitro studies showed that siRNA mediated knockdown of @entity18720 increased the proliferation of @entity1 cells and rendered the cells less sensitive to @entity900 and @entity136 . In contrast to that @entity1 bladder cells with mutated @entity876 showed to be more drug sensitive upon @entity18720 depletion. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of nuclear and cytoplasmic @entity18720 protein were a predictor of increased overall survival and progression free survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity150 treated with @entity900 based chemotherapy. @entity18720 knockdown increased the proliferation of the @entity1 bladder cells and reduced @entity900 and @entity136 induced cell death. The inverse effect was observed in the @entity876 mutated @entity1 cell line where @entity18720 silencing augmented @entity900 and @entity136 sensitivity and did not stimulate proliferation.

title: Increased expression of transcription factor @entity18720 correlates with chemosensitivity in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder cancer', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The standard treatment for @entity1 with advanced transitional cell @entity150 is platin based chemotherapy. Only approximately 50% of the @entity1 respond to chemotherapy. Therefore, molecular predictive markers for identification of chemotherapy sensitive subgroups of @entity1 are highly needed. We selected the transcription factor @entity18720 from a previously identified gene expression signature for chemotherapy response. METHODS: @entity18720 expression and localization was assessed by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 282 @entity150 tumors from @entity1 with locally advanced (pT2-T4(b) and N(1-3)) or metastatic (M(1)) disease. All @entity1 had received @entity900 containing chemotherapy. Furthermore, QPCR analysis of three @entity18720 isoforms was performed on @entity5 specimens of advanced muscle invasive @entity150 (T2-4). Using the bladder cell lines T24 and SW780 the relation of @entity18720 and @entity900 and @entity136 sensitivity as well as cell proliferation was examined using siRNA directed @entity18720 knockdown. RESULTS: @entity18720 protein expression was analyzed on a @entity10226 with cores from 282 advanced @entity150 tumors from @entity1 treated with @entity900 based combinational chemotherapy. @entity18720 was identified as a strong independent predictive marker for a good response and survival after @entity900 -containing chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity150 . Strong @entity18720 nuclear and cytoplasmic staining predicted good response to chemotherapy in @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 , whereas weak @entity18720 nuclear staining predicted good response in @entity1 without lymph node @entity3 . In vitro studies showed that siRNA mediated knockdown of @entity18720 increased the proliferation of @entity1 cells and rendered the cells less sensitive to @entity900 and @entity136 . In contrast to that @entity1 bladder cells with mutated @entity876 showed to be more drug sensitive upon @entity18720 depletion. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of nuclear and cytoplasmic @entity18720 protein were a predictor of increased overall survival and progression free survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity150 treated with @entity900 based chemotherapy. @entity18720 knockdown increased the proliferation of the @entity1 bladder cells and reduced @entity900 and @entity136 induced cell death. The inverse effect was observed in the @entity876 mutated @entity1 cell line where @entity18720 silencing augmented @entity900 and @entity136 sensitivity and did not stimulate proliferation.

title: Increased expression of transcription factor XXXX correlates with chemosensitivity in advanced @entity150 .

answer: @entity18720 :: (7020,Gene) :: ['TFAP2a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fraction of exhaled @entity842 (Feno), a marker of airway @entity32 , has been proposed to be useful for @entity565 management, but conclusions are inconsistent. This might be due to the failure of mean statistics to characterize individual variability in Feno values, which is possibly a better indicator of @entity565 control than single measurements. OBJECTIVE: We characterized fractal fluctuations in daily Feno values over time and the relationship between Feno values and symptom scores. We investigated whether these are associated with @entity565 severity, control, and exacerbation risk. METHODS: Daily Feno values and symptom scores over 192 days in 41 atopic @entity748 @entity1 from the Childhood Asthma Respiratory Inflammatory Status Monitoring study were analyzed. Two methods of time-series analysis were used: detrended fluctuation analysis to quantify fractal patterns in fluctuations in daily Feno values (a value) and cross-correlation to quantify the strength of the relationship between daily Feno values and symptom scores. The associations of a values and cross-correlation with markers of @entity565 severity and control were assessed by means of regression analysis. RESULTS: Daily fluctuations in Feno values exhibited fractal-type long-range correlations. Those subjects receiving higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids at study entry had a significantly lower a value, corresponding to more random fluctuations in Feno values in those with greater inhaled corticosteroid need. The cross-correlation between Feno values and symptom scores was significantly higher in those subjects who had exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS: Fluctuation in Feno values and their cross-correlation to symptom scores contains information on @entity565 severity and control. Methods that quantify the complexity of @entity565 over time might assist in identifying @entity748 subjects with concordance between eosinophilic @entity32 and symptoms and thus increased exacerbation risk.

title: Fluctuation phenotyping based on daily fraction of exhaled XXXX values in @entity748 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fraction of exhaled @entity842 (Feno), a marker of airway @entity32 , has been proposed to be useful for @entity565 management, but conclusions are inconsistent. This might be due to the failure of mean statistics to characterize individual variability in Feno values, which is possibly a better indicator of @entity565 control than single measurements. OBJECTIVE: We characterized fractal fluctuations in daily Feno values over time and the relationship between Feno values and symptom scores. We investigated whether these are associated with @entity565 severity, control, and exacerbation risk. METHODS: Daily Feno values and symptom scores over 192 days in 41 atopic @entity748 @entity1 from the Childhood Asthma Respiratory Inflammatory Status Monitoring study were analyzed. Two methods of time-series analysis were used: detrended fluctuation analysis to quantify fractal patterns in fluctuations in daily Feno values (a value) and cross-correlation to quantify the strength of the relationship between daily Feno values and symptom scores. The associations of a values and cross-correlation with markers of @entity565 severity and control were assessed by means of regression analysis. RESULTS: Daily fluctuations in Feno values exhibited fractal-type long-range correlations. Those subjects receiving higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids at study entry had a significantly lower a value, corresponding to more random fluctuations in Feno values in those with greater inhaled corticosteroid need. The cross-correlation between Feno values and symptom scores was significantly higher in those subjects who had exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS: Fluctuation in Feno values and their cross-correlation to symptom scores contains information on @entity565 severity and control. Methods that quantify the complexity of @entity565 over time might assist in identifying @entity748 subjects with concordance between eosinophilic @entity32 and symptoms and thus increased exacerbation risk.

title: Fluctuation phenotyping based on daily fraction of exhaled @entity842 values in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fraction of exhaled @entity842 (Feno), a marker of airway @entity32 , has been proposed to be useful for @entity565 management, but conclusions are inconsistent. This might be due to the failure of mean statistics to characterize individual variability in Feno values, which is possibly a better indicator of @entity565 control than single measurements. OBJECTIVE: We characterized fractal fluctuations in daily Feno values over time and the relationship between Feno values and symptom scores. We investigated whether these are associated with @entity565 severity, control, and exacerbation risk. METHODS: Daily Feno values and symptom scores over 192 days in 41 atopic @entity748 @entity1 from the Childhood Asthma Respiratory Inflammatory Status Monitoring study were analyzed. Two methods of time-series analysis were used: detrended fluctuation analysis to quantify fractal patterns in fluctuations in daily Feno values (a value) and cross-correlation to quantify the strength of the relationship between daily Feno values and symptom scores. The associations of a values and cross-correlation with markers of @entity565 severity and control were assessed by means of regression analysis. RESULTS: Daily fluctuations in Feno values exhibited fractal-type long-range correlations. Those subjects receiving higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids at study entry had a significantly lower a value, corresponding to more random fluctuations in Feno values in those with greater inhaled corticosteroid need. The cross-correlation between Feno values and symptom scores was significantly higher in those subjects who had exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS: Fluctuation in Feno values and their cross-correlation to symptom scores contains information on @entity565 severity and control. Methods that quantify the complexity of @entity565 over time might assist in identifying @entity748 subjects with concordance between eosinophilic @entity32 and symptoms and thus increased exacerbation risk.

title: Fluctuation phenotyping based on daily fraction of exhaled @entity842 values in @entity748 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: American football and rugby players are at substantial risk of injury because of the full-contact nature of these sports. Methodological differences between previous epidemiological studies hamper an accurate comparison of injury rates between American football and rugby. PURPOSE: To directly compare injury rates in American collegiate football and rugby, specified by location, type, mechanism, and severity of injury, as reported by licensed medical professionals. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: Licensed medical professionals (athletic trainer or physician) associated with the football and rugby teams of a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university reported attendance and @entity130 over 3 autumn seasons. Injuries were categorized by the location, type, mechanism, and severity of injury, and the injury rate was calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Injury rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated to compare overall, game, and practice injury rates within and between sports. RESULTS: The overall injury rate was 4.9/1000 AEs in football versus 15.2/1000 AEs in rugby: @entity12623 = 3.1 (95% CI, 2.3-4.2). @entity130 rates were higher than practice injury rates: @entity12623 = 6.5 (95% CI, 4.5-9.3) in football and @entity12623 = 5.1 (95% CI, 3.0-8.6) in rugby. Injury rates for the shoulder, wrist/hand, and lower leg and for @entity6475 , @entity174 , and contusions in rugby were >4 times as high as those in football (all P  <= 0.006). Concussion rates were 1.0/1000 AEs in football versus 2.5/1000 AEs in rugby. Most injuries occurred via direct player contact, especially during games. The rate of season-ending injuries (>3 months of time loss) was 0.8/1000 AEs in football versus 1.0/1000 AEs in rugby: @entity12623 = 1.3 (95% CI, 0.4-3.4). CONCLUSION: Overall injury rates were substantially higher in collegiate rugby compared with football. Similarities between sports were observed in the most common @entity130 ( @entity6475 and concussions), locations (lower extremity and head), and mechanisms (direct player contact). @entity130 were more common in rugby, and the rate of season-ending injuries was similar between sports.

title: XXXX in American Collegiate Football and Club Rugby: A Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury details', 'Game injury', 'Upper extremity injuries', 'injury types']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Comparison of Injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity303 care practitioner training is essential for professional caregivers to acquire medical knowledge and care skills for @entity303 @entity1 . We investigated the significance of training in stress management by evaluating caregivers' job stress and coping style before and after they have completed training. METHODS: The subjects included 134 professional caregivers (41 @entity1 , 93 @entity1 ) recruited from @entity1 in training programmes held in Kanagawa Prefecture from August 2008 to March 2010. A survey using a brief job stress questionnaire and a coping scale was carried out before and after they completed their training. A t-test and multiple regression analysis were performed to evaluate the effects of the training. RESULT: After the training, the scores of modifiers on the job stress scale and of the coping scale increased, whereas the scores of stress reactions on the job stress scale decreased. However, there were no changes in @entity1 ' subjective cognition concerning their workplace environment. Furthermore, the change in stress reaction score tended to correlate with the change in consultation score in all @entity1 and with the change in problem-solving and consultation in male @entity1 . Among female @entity1 , the change in stress reaction score tended to correlate with change in support from superiors and colleagues as modifiers. The factors that correlated to the change in stress reaction score differed between genders. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that training caregivers improves their stress reaction and coping skills.

title: Changes in job stress and coping skills among caregivers after XXXX care practitioner training.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether lipoprotein-bound free @entity844 could be utilized by isolated @entity1 cells. Ehrlich ascites @entity5 cells were incubated in vitro with radioactive free @entity1718 that were bound to @entity1 plasma lipoproteins. Under these conditions, lipoprotein-bound free @entity1718 were readily taken up by the cells. After 2 min of incubation with free @entity1718 bound to low density lipoproteins, most of the radioactivity that was associated with the cells was in the form of free @entity1718 . As the incubation continued, increasing amounts of radioactivity were incorporated into @entity515 and cell lipids, particularly phospholipids. Most of the free @entity844 uptake was the result of @entity844 transfer from low density lipoproteins to the cell, not from irreversible incorporation of the intact free @entity844 -low density lipoprotein complex. @entity844 uptake increased as the ratio of free @entity844 to low density lipoprotein was raised. When albumin was added to the medium, free @entity844 uptake decreased. A large percentage of the newly incorporated cellular radioactivity was released into the medium if the cells were exposed subsequently to a solution containing albumin. Most of the released radioactivity was in the form of free @entity844 . The results with this experimental model suggest that lipoprotein-bound free @entity844 , like albumin-bound free @entity844 , is readily available for uptake by isolated cells. The mechanism of free @entity844 utilization by the Ehrlich cell is similar when either low density lipoprotein or serum albumin serves as the @entity844 carrier.

title: Utilization of free XXXX complexed to @entity1 plasma lipoproteins by @entity1 cell suspensions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid', 'Fatty acid']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether lipoprotein-bound free @entity844 could be utilized by isolated @entity1 cells. Ehrlich ascites @entity5 cells were incubated in vitro with radioactive free @entity1718 that were bound to @entity1 plasma lipoproteins. Under these conditions, lipoprotein-bound free @entity1718 were readily taken up by the cells. After 2 min of incubation with free @entity1718 bound to low density lipoproteins, most of the radioactivity that was associated with the cells was in the form of free @entity1718 . As the incubation continued, increasing amounts of radioactivity were incorporated into @entity515 and cell lipids, particularly phospholipids. Most of the free @entity844 uptake was the result of @entity844 transfer from low density lipoproteins to the cell, not from irreversible incorporation of the intact free @entity844 -low density lipoprotein complex. @entity844 uptake increased as the ratio of free @entity844 to low density lipoprotein was raised. When albumin was added to the medium, free @entity844 uptake decreased. A large percentage of the newly incorporated cellular radioactivity was released into the medium if the cells were exposed subsequently to a solution containing albumin. Most of the released radioactivity was in the form of free @entity844 . The results with this experimental model suggest that lipoprotein-bound free @entity844 , like albumin-bound free @entity844 , is readily available for uptake by isolated cells. The mechanism of free @entity844 utilization by the Ehrlich cell is similar when either low density lipoprotein or serum albumin serves as the @entity844 carrier.

title: Utilization of free @entity1718 complexed to XXXX plasma lipoproteins by @entity1 cell suspensions.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether lipoprotein-bound free @entity844 could be utilized by isolated @entity1 cells. Ehrlich ascites @entity5 cells were incubated in vitro with radioactive free @entity1718 that were bound to @entity1 plasma lipoproteins. Under these conditions, lipoprotein-bound free @entity1718 were readily taken up by the cells. After 2 min of incubation with free @entity1718 bound to low density lipoproteins, most of the radioactivity that was associated with the cells was in the form of free @entity1718 . As the incubation continued, increasing amounts of radioactivity were incorporated into @entity515 and cell lipids, particularly phospholipids. Most of the free @entity844 uptake was the result of @entity844 transfer from low density lipoproteins to the cell, not from irreversible incorporation of the intact free @entity844 -low density lipoprotein complex. @entity844 uptake increased as the ratio of free @entity844 to low density lipoprotein was raised. When albumin was added to the medium, free @entity844 uptake decreased. A large percentage of the newly incorporated cellular radioactivity was released into the medium if the cells were exposed subsequently to a solution containing albumin. Most of the released radioactivity was in the form of free @entity844 . The results with this experimental model suggest that lipoprotein-bound free @entity844 , like albumin-bound free @entity844 , is readily available for uptake by isolated cells. The mechanism of free @entity844 utilization by the Ehrlich cell is similar when either low density lipoprotein or serum albumin serves as the @entity844 carrier.

title: Utilization of free @entity1718 complexed to @entity1 plasma lipoproteins by XXXX cell suspensions.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spatially explicit forest @entity505 (C) monitoring aids conservation and climate change mitigation efforts, yet few approaches have been developed specifically for the highly heterogeneous landscapes of oceanic island chains that continue to undergo rapid and extensive forest C change. We developed an approach for rapid mapping of @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ; units  =  @entity4612 or metric tons  C  ha(-1)) on islands at a spatial resolution of 30  m (0.09  ha) using a combination of cost-effective airborne LiDAR data and full-coverage satellite data. We used the approach to map forest @entity2101 across the main Hawaiian Islands, comparing C stocks within and among islands, in protected and unprotected areas, and among forests dominated by native and invasive species. RESULTS: Total forest aboveground C stock of the Hawaiian Islands was 36 Tg, and @entity2101 distributions were extremely heterogeneous both within and across islands. Remotely sensed @entity2101 was validated against U.S. Forest Service FIA plot inventory data (R(2)  =  0.67; RMSE  =  30.4  Mg  C  ha(-1)). Geospatial analyses indicated the critical importance of forest type and canopy cover as predictors of mapped @entity2101 patterns. Protection status was a strong determinant of forest C stock and density, but we found complex environmentally mediated responses of forest @entity2101 to @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: A combination of one-time airborne LiDAR data acquisition and satellite monitoring provides effective forest C mapping in the highly heterogeneous landscapes of the Hawaiian Islands. Our statistical approach yielded key insights into the drivers of @entity2101 variation, and also makes possible future assessments of C storage change, derived on a repeat basis from free satellite data, without the need for additional LiDAR data. Changes in C stocks and densities of oceanic islands can thus be continually assessed in the face of rapid environmental changes such as biological invasions, drought, fire and land use. Such forest monitoring information can be used to promote sustainable forest use and conservation on islands in the future.

title: Rapid forest XXXX assessments of oceanic islands: a case study of the Hawaiian archipelago.

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['aboveground C density', 'ACD']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['alien plant invasion']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate @entity4022 addition to reduced crude protein @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal (C-SBM) diets with varying levels of TSAA achieved by varying Met and @entity2569 . The experiments were conducted with female Ross 708 broilers in brooder batteries from 0 to 18 d posthatching. Treatments had 6 replicates with 6 broilers/pen. Diets in all experiments were fed without or with @entity4022 supplementation to contain 2.32% total @entity4022 + Ser. All diets were C-SBM based and formulated to contained 1.27% standardized ileal digestible Lys supplemented with 0.20% Lys (0.394% Lys  SO(4)) and to meet or exceed the requirement of all nutrients except Met and @entity2569 where appropriate. Experiment 1 consisted of 8 dietary treatments. Three ratios of Met to @entity2569 (60:40, 50:50, and 40:60) were used on a mole for mole basis to achieve 0.063 mol of TSAA/kg of feed and a positive control with Met: @entity2569 of 50:50 at 0.76 TSAA:Lys. @entity2228 supplementation did not affect ADG or ADFI; however, G:F was increased (P = 0.003) with @entity4022 supplementation. An increase in @entity2569 and a decrease in Met resulted in a decrease (P = 0.028) in ADG but had no effect on ADFI or G:F. In experiment 2, Met was kept constant at a marginal level of 0.45% and @entity2569 was increased in 0.05% increments from 0.35 to 0.50%. @entity2228 supplementation had no main effect on ADG, ADFI, or G:F; however, @entity4022 increased G:F at the lower levels of @entity2569 but not at the higher levels ( @entity4022   @entity2569 , P = 0.031). A linear decrease (P = 0.071) was found in ADFI with increasing @entity2569 supplementation. These data indicate that @entity4022 increased G:F in female broilers fed suboptimal levels of Met and @entity2569 but not at @entity2569 levels at or above the requirement. This implies that the synthesis of @entity2569 accounts for a portion of the increased G:F observed from @entity4022 supplementation in female broilers fed reduced CP C-SBM diets.

title: Effects of XXXX supplementation at varying levels of methionine and cystine on the growth performance of broilers fed reduced crude protein diets.

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycine']

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: This is to describe a case of a morbidly @entity28 (BMI  =  40) female with @entity23499 treated with laparoendoscopic single-site surgery. A JJ stent was positioned. A 2  cm umbilical access was created. A single port platform was positioned. The entire ureter was mobilized posterior to the vena cava and transected where the dilated portion ended. The distal ureter was repositioned lateral to the inferior vena cava. @entity254 was done. A 3  mm trocar was used to assist suturing. At 4-month follow-up, CT revealed no evidence of @entity8 and the @entity1 was symptomless. Although challenging, in a morbidly @entity28 @entity1 , LESS repair for @entity23499 is feasible.

title: Laparoscopic Single Site Surgery for Repair of XXXX in a Morbidly Obese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction of the right kidney']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity23499 :: ('MESH:D064749', 'Disease') :: ['retrocaval ureter']

answer: @entity23499 :: (MESH:D064749,Disease) :: ['Retrocaval Ureter']


abstract: This is to describe a case of a morbidly @entity28 (BMI  =  40) female with @entity23499 treated with laparoendoscopic single-site surgery. A JJ stent was positioned. A 2  cm umbilical access was created. A single port platform was positioned. The entire ureter was mobilized posterior to the vena cava and transected where the dilated portion ended. The distal ureter was repositioned lateral to the inferior vena cava. @entity254 was done. A 3  mm trocar was used to assist suturing. At 4-month follow-up, CT revealed no evidence of @entity8 and the @entity1 was symptomless. Although challenging, in a morbidly @entity28 @entity1 , LESS repair for @entity23499 is feasible.

title: Laparoscopic Single Site Surgery for Repair of @entity23499 in a Morbidly Obese XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammation and @entity158 induced by delayed onset @entity925 (DOMS) as a result of eccentric exercise (EE) or unaccustomed activity cause some difficulties in exercise for athletes. The purpose of this study was to survey the effect of ginger extract on biochemical and functional symptom of delayed onset @entity925 . METHODS: In a quasi-experimental study, 36 healthy female subjects, who were recruited by intra dormitory calls, randomly divided into 3 groups, including: ginger intake 1 hour before exercise (GIBE), ginger intake immediately after exercise (GIAE) and placebo group (PL). Subjects consumed capsules contain 60 mg of ginger extract (equivalent of 2 g dried ginger powder) or placebo before and after exercise. The exercise protocol consisted of a 20 minute step test using a 46cm step at a rate of 15 steps per minute. The blood samples were taken before, 1, 24 and 48 hour after exercise to assay @entity908 kinase (CK) and @entity650 ( @entity650 ). @entity925 scores, isometric strength and circumference of thigh muscle, and hip range of motion were recorded at mentioned times. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measure was used to determine the differences between groups. RESULTS: The results showed a significant @entity158 in GIBE compared to GIAE after 24 and 48h of EE and GIAE compared to PL (p<0.05). @entity650 changed significantly in GIBE compared to PL (p<0.05) after 1, 24, and 48h after EE. The other factors didn't change meaningfully. CONCLUSION: The finding of this study suggests that 2 grams of ginger may have anti- @entity32 and analgesic effect on DOMS.

title: Acute effects of ginger extract on biochemical and functional symptoms of delayed onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle pain', 'muscle soreness']

answer: @entity925 :: (MESH:D063806,Disease) :: ['muscle soreness']


abstract: Inhibition of intercellular junctional communication by @entity864 ( @entity865 ) and @entity4878 was investigated using a @entity7792 incorporation assay. This new assay uses metabolic co-operation between @entity33182 -deficient @entity1 fibroblasts and arginosuccinate synthetase-deficient cells as a measure of junctional communication. Short-term exposure to @entity865 resulted in virtually complete inhibition of metabolic co-operation when V79 cells were used as the synthetase-deficient type. When synthetase-deficient @entity1 fibroblasts were used, inhibition by @entity865 was only partial. Exposure to high concentrations of @entity865 for prolonged periods resulted in partial reversal of communication inhibition and a refractory state in which cells were unresponsive to @entity865 . @entity1968 and other @entity4878 also inhibited metabolic co-operation, but did not cause desensitisation of the type seen with @entity865 after prolonged exposure. Cultures which had been made refractory to @entity865 remained sensitive to inhibition by @entity1968 and @entity318 , indicating that these latter compounds inhibit junctional communication by a mechanism different from @entity865 . Simultaneous exposure of cultures to @entity865 and @entity1968 showed that the inhibitory effects on metabolic co-operation of these compounds were additive. @entity20773 did not antagonise the effect of @entity865 . These results suggest that @entity1968 and @entity20773 exert their anti- @entity5 -promoting action by mechanisms which are not mediated by intercellular junctional communication.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity4878 on intercellular junctional communication measured with a @entity7792 incorporation assay.

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity318 :: ('MESH:D003634', 'Chemical') :: ['1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane']

entities_list: @entity20773 :: ('MESH:D005446', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluocinolone acetonide', 'fluocinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity33182 :: ('435', 'Gene') :: ['argininosuccinate lyase']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid', 'Retinoic acid']

answer: @entity864 :: (MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']


abstract: Inhibition of intercellular junctional communication by @entity864 ( @entity865 ) and @entity4878 was investigated using a @entity7792 incorporation assay. This new assay uses metabolic co-operation between @entity33182 -deficient @entity1 fibroblasts and arginosuccinate synthetase-deficient cells as a measure of junctional communication. Short-term exposure to @entity865 resulted in virtually complete inhibition of metabolic co-operation when V79 cells were used as the synthetase-deficient type. When synthetase-deficient @entity1 fibroblasts were used, inhibition by @entity865 was only partial. Exposure to high concentrations of @entity865 for prolonged periods resulted in partial reversal of communication inhibition and a refractory state in which cells were unresponsive to @entity865 . @entity1968 and other @entity4878 also inhibited metabolic co-operation, but did not cause desensitisation of the type seen with @entity865 after prolonged exposure. Cultures which had been made refractory to @entity865 remained sensitive to inhibition by @entity1968 and @entity318 , indicating that these latter compounds inhibit junctional communication by a mechanism different from @entity865 . Simultaneous exposure of cultures to @entity865 and @entity1968 showed that the inhibitory effects on metabolic co-operation of these compounds were additive. @entity20773 did not antagonise the effect of @entity865 . These results suggest that @entity1968 and @entity20773 exert their anti- @entity5 -promoting action by mechanisms which are not mediated by intercellular junctional communication.

title: Effects of @entity864 and @entity4878 on intercellular junctional communication measured with a XXXX incorporation assay.

answer: @entity7792 :: (CHEBI:16349,Chemical) :: ['citrulline']


abstract: Inhibition of intercellular junctional communication by @entity864 ( @entity865 ) and @entity4878 was investigated using a @entity7792 incorporation assay. This new assay uses metabolic co-operation between @entity33182 -deficient @entity1 fibroblasts and arginosuccinate synthetase-deficient cells as a measure of junctional communication. Short-term exposure to @entity865 resulted in virtually complete inhibition of metabolic co-operation when V79 cells were used as the synthetase-deficient type. When synthetase-deficient @entity1 fibroblasts were used, inhibition by @entity865 was only partial. Exposure to high concentrations of @entity865 for prolonged periods resulted in partial reversal of communication inhibition and a refractory state in which cells were unresponsive to @entity865 . @entity1968 and other @entity4878 also inhibited metabolic co-operation, but did not cause desensitisation of the type seen with @entity865 after prolonged exposure. Cultures which had been made refractory to @entity865 remained sensitive to inhibition by @entity1968 and @entity318 , indicating that these latter compounds inhibit junctional communication by a mechanism different from @entity865 . Simultaneous exposure of cultures to @entity865 and @entity1968 showed that the inhibitory effects on metabolic co-operation of these compounds were additive. @entity20773 did not antagonise the effect of @entity865 . These results suggest that @entity1968 and @entity20773 exert their anti- @entity5 -promoting action by mechanisms which are not mediated by intercellular junctional communication.

title: Effects of @entity864 and XXXX on intercellular junctional communication measured with a @entity7792 incorporation assay.

answer: @entity4878 :: (MESH:D012176,Chemical) :: ['retinoids']