abstract: Clinical trials of UFT have been conducted on @entity1 with far-advanced @entity1358 with distant @entity3 . All @entity1 had evaluable lesions which had shown no change or progressive disease under prior therapy. Five of these cases had received Interferon as prior therapy. Thus far, the antitumor effects of the drug were evaluated in 8 cases according to the criteria proposed by the Koyama-Saito group. Partial response was obtained in 3 of 8 @entity1 (37.5%). Two @entity1 showed no change and three @entity1 showed @entity74 caused @entity417 and @entity294 in each of @entity1 . To measure the @entity1487 level in the @entity5 and normal kidney tissues UFT was administered at 600 mg per day on the day before radical nephrectomy in 2 @entity1 , who had received embolization therapy of the renal artery prior to surgery. The @entity1487 level was higher in @entity5 and normal kidney tissues than in serum, but there was no significant difference between @entity5 and normal kidney tissues. The embolization therapy of the renal artery may have been responsible for this result. UFT is one of the most useful drugs for the treatment of @entity1358 .

title: [Effects of UFT in advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease UFT']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is a lack of consensus regarding biomechanical effects of unloader braces for the treatment of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of studies examining the biomechanical effect of unloader braces. METHODS: A systematic search for articles about the biomechanical effect of unloader braces was performed. Primary outcome measure was the influence of the brace on the knee adduction moment. Data sources were Pubmed central and google scholar. RESULTS: Twenty-four articles were included. Twenty articles showed that valgus unloader braces significantly decrease the knee adduction moment. Seven of those studies reported a decrease of @entity158 in braced @entity1 (secondary outcome measure). Positive effects on the knee adduction moment could be found for custom made braces for conventional knee braces and for a foot ankle orthosis. Four studies could not show any effect of knee unloader braces on the knee adduction moment although one of these studies found @entity158 in braced @entity1 . One of these studies examined healthy @entity1 with a @entity2270 . CONCLUSION: This systematic review could demonstrate evidence that unloader braces reduce the adduction moment of the knee. Foresighted, a systematic review about the clinical effect of unloader braces is required.

title: Biomechanical effect of unloader braces for XXXX of the knee: a systematic review (CRD 42015026136).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['neutral axis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'medial osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'decreased pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['medial osteoarthritis']


abstract: Macrophage, fibroblast, and HeLa cell cultures have been infected with @entity3204 , and observations have been made on parasite entry and fate. A special procedure was devised for studying the entry of @entity3251 by electron microscopy. Toxoplasmas were centrifuged onto the cells in the cold; fixation 1-3 min after warming yielded specimens showing numerous examples of parasites in the process of entering cells. The mechanism of entry into macrophages, fibroblasts, and HeLa cells was in all cases by phagocytosis. Micropseudopods were extended by the cells to envelop the attached parasites in a typical phagocytic vacuole. Apparently the @entity3251 stimulated this response of HeLa cells and fibroblasts, cell types not usually phagocytic. No instance was seen of penetration of @entity3251 through the cell membrane, or of parasites located free in the cytoplasm. Essentially all of the @entity3251 that entered HeLa cells divided with a generation time of 9 hr; the parasites formed large rosettes situated in vacuoles, eventually leading to host cell rupture. Macrophages took in larger numbers of @entity3251 than did HeLa cells, but approximately half of the parasites inside of macrophages degenerated within a few hours. The surviving @entity3251 in macrophages divided every 8 hr, forming rosettes and eventually rupturing the cells.

title: The interaction between XXXX and mammalian cells. I. Mechanism of entry and intracellular fate of the parasite.

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmas']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: Surgical denervation of kidneys results in interruption of both afferent and efferent @entity8 . We attempted selective efferent renal denervation in @entity35 by slow infusions of @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) into the right renal artery. Integrity of efferent @entity8 was assessed by chemical and physiological methods and by measuring responses of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) to intrarenal (ir) infusion of @entity1812 in conscious @entity35 . Results were compared with those in surgically denervated and ir saline-infused @entity35 . Surgical denervation of left kidney reduced renal @entity1063 (NE) to 58 and 14% of control levels at 1 and 7 days, respectively, after surgery. Increase in left renal resistance during posterior hypothalamus (PH) stimulation was only 70 +/- 28% (n = 5) compared with 289 +/- 69% (n = 6) in control animals. Response in opposite kidney was unchanged. Although 0.1 mg @entity2955 ir caused considerable reduction of NE levels in both kidneys, responses to PH stimulation were unchanged. @entity2955 (1 mg) reduced NE levels in infused and control kidney and atria. Functional evidence for denervation was only obtained in the kidney infused with @entity2955 . Responses of MAP and HR to ir @entity1812 were unchanged 7 days after 1 mg @entity2955 . The data suggest that ir @entity2955 results in functional efferent sympathectomy without affecting afferent @entity8 .

title: Selective efferent chemical sympathectomy of XXXX kidneys.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal nerves']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To investigate the effect of inhibin gene immunization on antibody production and reproductive performance in broiler breeder females, Partridge @entity17237 hens aged 380  days were immunized with inhibin recombinant plasmid pcISI. One hundred and twenty hens were randomly assigned to four groups and treated intramuscularly with 25, 75, or 125   g/300- L inhibin recombinant plasmid pcISI (T1   T3) or 300- L saline as control (C), respectively. Booster immunization was given with the same dosage 20  days later. Blood and egg samples were collected to detect the antibody against inhibin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and to evaluate egg performance. The ovaries were collected to classify the follicles and detect the @entity23385 ( @entity23385 ) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by reverse transcription-PCR. The results showed that immunization against pcISI could elicit antibody against inhibin in both plasma and egg yolk compared with the control (P  <  0.05), whereas booster immunization did not increase the antibody level in plasma. Vaccination promoted egg lay during the first 30  days after primary vaccination (P  <  0.05) with no effect on egg quality and hatching rate. Immunization increased the amounts of dominant, small yellow and large white follicles in the ovary (P  <  0.05). Reverse transcription-PCR results showed that immunization increased the @entity23385 mRNA in the large white follicles, whereas decreased the @entity23385 mRNA in the small yellow follicles (P  <  0.05). In conclusion, inhibin vaccine pcISI can stimulate the production of antibody against inhibin as well as the follicle development and egg laying performance in Partridge @entity17237 hens, which provides a good foundation for the application of inhibin DNA vaccine in avian production.

title: Effect of inhibin gene immunization on antibody production and reproductive performance in Partridge XXXX hens.

answer: @entity17237 :: (22941,Gene) :: ['Shank']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transcatheter @entity886 (TAVI) is a less invasive technique for the treatment of severe @entity472 in high-risk @entity1 . Occurrence of conduction disturbances requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation after TAVI is frequently observed. METHODS: The retrospective analysis comprised 153 @entity1 (96 @entity1 , aged from 65 to 97 years) who underwent TAVI due to high-grade @entity472 . The aim was to evaluate the incidence of high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block after TAVI and the percentage of ventricular pacing and pacemaker (PM)-dependency at the first follow-up 6-8 weeks after implantation. RESULTS: Out of the 153 @entity1 (age 81        6 years) who underwent TAVI, 144 (94   %) had a transfemoral and 9 (6   %) @entity1 a transapical approach. A PPM was implanted in 31 (20   %) @entity1 , 24 (16   %) were implanted with the Medtronic CoreValve   and 7 (5   %) with the Edwards Sapien   valve (p   =   n.s.). Complete @entity713 was the indication in 21 @entity1 (68   %), second-degree @entity713 in 1 @entity1 (3   %), slow @entity955 in 3 @entity1 (10   %), new @entity714 ( @entity714 ) plus sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in 1 @entity1 (3   %), @entity1817 in 2 @entity1 (7   %), whereas in 3 @entity1 (10   %) a PPM was inserted for safety reasons because of new @entity714 and first-grade @entity713 . All of the nine @entity1 (6   %) with a preexisting bundle @entity5036 developed total @entity713 after TAVI. At follow-up PM-dependency (intrinsic rhythm <   30  bpm) occurred in 11/30 @entity1 (37   %), whereas an intrinsic rhythm >   50  bpm was seen in 17 @entity1 (57   %). At nominal device programming the percentage of ventricular stimulation (VP) during the short-term observation period was 60        44   % in dual-chamber devices (N   =   18), and 70        36   % in single-chamber PPM (N   =   5). CONCLUSION: The PPM implantation rate of about 20   % after TAVI is comparable to previously published data. The need for permanent pacing is linked to the valve type and preexistence of a @entity714 . At short-term more than half of the @entity1 implanted with a device were not strictly PM-dependent, but presented an underlying intrinsic rhythm, indicating that temporary AV conduction disturbances may recover over time. This might justify a more conservative approach in some @entity1 under watchful waiting. From another point of view, ventricular pacing at a regular or sensor-modulated rate may provide rhythm stability and chronotropy during the short-term period post-TAVI.

title: Short-term pacemaker dependency after transcatheter XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block', 'left bundle branch block', 'LBBB']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['branch block']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve implantation']


abstract: @entity1 pancreatic @entity7704 (hpGRF1-44) was given intravenously as a 100 micrograms bolus to 20 @entity1 with active @entity2012 . The GH-responses were variable, ranging from an increase of 8 to 2813% from the basal level (mean +/- SE, 428 +/- 136%). Sixteen GRF-responders (delta% greater than or equal to 100%) were arbitrarily distinguished from four GRF non-responders, whose GH-levels increased less than 100% from basal level after GRF-administration. The outcome of the GRF-test did not correlate with the results of other dynamic tests of GH-secretion in @entity2012 (oral @entity413 tolerance test, insulin hypoglycaemia, TRH-, LHRH-, @entity6192 -stimulation). In 10 @entity1 who had not been treated before, the GH-increments after GRF were higher than those in seven @entity1 who had previously been subjected to transsphenoidal surgery, though they still had clinically and biochemically active @entity2012 . Ten acromegalics, who were tested with GRF, were later treated surgically by the transsphenoidal route and were reevaluated with GRF-stimulation 2 months after surgery. Eight @entity1 appeared clinically cured of whom four had complete normalization and four had significantly lower basal and conventionally stimulated GH-levels postoperatively. These @entity1 also had normal postoperative GH-responses to GRF, which had been significantly higher before surgery compared with normal controls. It is concluded that the GRF-test in @entity2012 does not help in establishing the diagnosis. The normalization of the GH-response to GRF after transsphenoidal surgery seems to represent additional evidence for normalization of GH-secretion, though the latter is not proven by the normal outcome of this test.

title: XXXX -test in @entity2012 : comparison with other dynamic tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity7704 :: ('2691', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone releasing factor']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7704 :: (2691,Gene) :: ['Growth hormone releasing factor']


abstract: @entity1 pancreatic @entity7704 (hpGRF1-44) was given intravenously as a 100 micrograms bolus to 20 @entity1 with active @entity2012 . The GH-responses were variable, ranging from an increase of 8 to 2813% from the basal level (mean +/- SE, 428 +/- 136%). Sixteen GRF-responders (delta% greater than or equal to 100%) were arbitrarily distinguished from four GRF non-responders, whose GH-levels increased less than 100% from basal level after GRF-administration. The outcome of the GRF-test did not correlate with the results of other dynamic tests of GH-secretion in @entity2012 (oral @entity413 tolerance test, insulin hypoglycaemia, TRH-, LHRH-, @entity6192 -stimulation). In 10 @entity1 who had not been treated before, the GH-increments after GRF were higher than those in seven @entity1 who had previously been subjected to transsphenoidal surgery, though they still had clinically and biochemically active @entity2012 . Ten acromegalics, who were tested with GRF, were later treated surgically by the transsphenoidal route and were reevaluated with GRF-stimulation 2 months after surgery. Eight @entity1 appeared clinically cured of whom four had complete normalization and four had significantly lower basal and conventionally stimulated GH-levels postoperatively. These @entity1 also had normal postoperative GH-responses to GRF, which had been significantly higher before surgery compared with normal controls. It is concluded that the GRF-test in @entity2012 does not help in establishing the diagnosis. The normalization of the GH-response to GRF after transsphenoidal surgery seems to represent additional evidence for normalization of GH-secretion, though the latter is not proven by the normal outcome of this test.

title: @entity7704 -test in XXXX : comparison with other dynamic tests.

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate surgical outcomes for @entity957 of the temporal bone. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Eye and ENT Hospital. METHODS: Seventy-two @entity1 with @entity957 of the temporal bone were analyzed for survival. The @entity1 were staged according to the modified Pittsburgh staging system. Five @entity1 with T1 @entity5 underwent local resection (LR), and 10 @entity1 with T1 @entity5 underwent lateral temporal bone resection (LTBR). Two @entity1 with @entity5 underwent LR, and 1 @entity1 with T2 @entity5 underwent LTBR. One @entity1 with T3 @entity5 underwent LR, 8 @entity1 with @entity5 underwent LTBR, and 10 @entity1 with @entity5 underwent subtotal temporal bone resection (STBR). Ten @entity1 with @entity5 underwent LTBR, and 25 @entity1 with @entity5 underwent STBR. RESULTS: Of all @entity1 that underwent surgery, 18 died of their disease during the follow-up time. The 5-year survival rates of @entity1 with T stages 1 through 4 were 100%, 67%, 21%, and 14%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in 5-year survival rate between T3 and T4 using the log-rank test (p > 0.05). The 5-year survival rates after LTBR and STBR for T3 were 26% and 16% (p > 0.05), respectively, and those for T4 were 17% and 11% (p > 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: An en bloc resection is favored in an effort to produce negative surgical margins for @entity957 of the temporal bone. Adjunctive radiotherapy is used for advanced lesions.

title: Survival outcomes in surgical treatment of 72 cases of XXXX of the temporal bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T3 cancers', 'T2 cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'T4 cancers']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: An experimental model was used which includes intragastric instillation of 80 mM @entity5828 and 0.6 ml bile/kg followed by intravenous infusion of live @entity526 in @entity468 for up to three hours. This procedure regularly induces @entity2275 . Mucosal blood flow was measured by microspheres before, early, and late in @entity295 . Total gastric blood flow was recorded electromagnetically. Mucosal regeneration capacity as reflected by the RNA/DNA ratio was measured. @entity396 (a PGE1 analogue) was infused iv (5 micrograms/kg X h) or given locally in the stomach (10 micrograms/kg) before bacteriemia. @entity396 did not influence the haemodynamic response to bacteria. The @entity1819 was assessed either as an index representative for the entire corpus-fundus region or as the number of areas with intact surface epithelium within the series. @entity396 iv protected the mucosa from @entity1066 compared with untreated septic controls while @entity396 intragastrically significantly reduced the number of damaged areas only. Topical @entity396 increased total @entity1819 flows early in @entity295 compared to iv or no pretreatment while no difference was seen during late @entity295 . The protective effect of @entity396 was thus not dependent on increased gastric mucosal blood flow. Nor was it mediated through effects on mucosal nucleic acid concentrations or ratio.

title: Gastric mucosal damage in XXXX --effects of pretreatment with a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue.

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal damage', 'gastric and mucosal blood']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['Misoprostol', 'misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal ulcerations']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: @entity900 or @entity900 is a @entity902 coordination compound showing clinically useful antitumor activity, but the major dose-limiting factor is a dose-dependent cumulative nephrotoxicity. At the electron microscopic level, @entity902 has been localized in the nucleus, microsomes and cytoplasm of cells of the kidney and liver in @entity35 . This report confirms the subcellular localization of @entity902 and adds one more site of @entity902 accumulation, the microbody, based on results obtained with an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyzer (EDX). After daily administration of @entity900 (0.5 mg/ml/kg body weight) successively for 5 weeks, accumulated @entity902 was detected in microbodies of hepatocytes and epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules of the @entity35 . The major site of metal deposition in the kidney was the matrix of many microbodies in the epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules. EDX revealed the presence of @entity902 in those metallic deposits. The matrix of the nucleus also had metallic deposits but they were rather diffuse and @entity902 could not readily be detected on individual grains in the nucleus. In the liver, major damage was concentrated in hepatocytes, and other types of cells such as Kupffer cells, Ito cells and endothelial cells of capillaries were less affected. Metallic fine grains were localized in the cisterna of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and in the matrix of microbodies. The nucleus of hepatocytes had few, if any, metallic precipitates. A specific type of metallic deposition was round aggregations of dense tubules in which @entity902 was detected by EDX. There was no evidence of @entity902 precipitation in mitochondria or Golgi complex. These findings suggest that the microbody may play an important role in degradation of the @entity902 complex both in hepatocytes and epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules.

title: X-ray microanalysis and ultrastructural localization of XXXX in liver and kidney of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: @entity900 or @entity900 is a @entity902 coordination compound showing clinically useful antitumor activity, but the major dose-limiting factor is a dose-dependent cumulative nephrotoxicity. At the electron microscopic level, @entity902 has been localized in the nucleus, microsomes and cytoplasm of cells of the kidney and liver in @entity35 . This report confirms the subcellular localization of @entity902 and adds one more site of @entity902 accumulation, the microbody, based on results obtained with an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyzer (EDX). After daily administration of @entity900 (0.5 mg/ml/kg body weight) successively for 5 weeks, accumulated @entity902 was detected in microbodies of hepatocytes and epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules of the @entity35 . The major site of metal deposition in the kidney was the matrix of many microbodies in the epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules. EDX revealed the presence of @entity902 in those metallic deposits. The matrix of the nucleus also had metallic deposits but they were rather diffuse and @entity902 could not readily be detected on individual grains in the nucleus. In the liver, major damage was concentrated in hepatocytes, and other types of cells such as Kupffer cells, Ito cells and endothelial cells of capillaries were less affected. Metallic fine grains were localized in the cisterna of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and in the matrix of microbodies. The nucleus of hepatocytes had few, if any, metallic precipitates. A specific type of metallic deposition was round aggregations of dense tubules in which @entity902 was detected by EDX. There was no evidence of @entity902 precipitation in mitochondria or Golgi complex. These findings suggest that the microbody may play an important role in degradation of the @entity902 complex both in hepatocytes and epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules.

title: X-ray microanalysis and ultrastructural localization of @entity900 in liver and kidney of the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Previously, we have derived @entity19 hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against DNA methyltransferase from @entity1 placenta (Kaul, S., Pfeifer, G. P., and Drahovsky, D. (1984) Eur. J. Cell Biol. 34, 330-335). One of these monoclonal antibodies, M2B10, which undergoes immune complex formation also with DNA methyltransferase from @entity19 @entity19 @entity9600 cells, was used for the immunoaffinity purification of @entity19 and @entity1 DNA methyltransferases. In @entity3208 - @entity2975 gels and in immunoblotting studies, the immunoaffinity-purified @entity19 DNA methyltransferase revealed 5-6 polypeptides of molecular masses 150-190 kDa. The immunoaffinity-purified @entity1 placental DNA methyltransferase was characterized by a polypeptide of 158 kDa, presumably representing the native enzyme molecule and by polypeptides of 105-108 kDa and 50-68 kDa, probably generated by a limited proteolysis of the native enzyme molecule. The immunoaffinity-purified DNA methyltransferases preferred hemimethylated DNA substrates over unmethylated ones, and among all unmethylated substrates tested, @entity10918 .(dG-dC)] had the highest @entity5498 -accepting activity. DNA polymers of at least 90 base pairs in length were required for the binding reaction of the immunoaffinity-purified @entity1 DNA methyltransferase, and this initial binding was apparently independent of the @entity377 composition of the DNA polymer and of the presence of @entity3874 .

title: Purification and characterization of XXXX DNA methyltransferases by use of monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity9600 :: ('MESH:D034801', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3874 :: ('CHEBI:15414', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosyl-L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has become the treatment of choice for @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). Studies have shown that maintenance treatment with interferon-alpha is associated with improved survival rates following ASCT. However, despite these recent advances in regimes, relapses are inevitable; thus, the prediction of relapse following ASCT requires assessment. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 39 @entity1 who received ASCT between 2003 and 2008. All @entity1 received chemotherapy with @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity619 (VAD), and ASCT was performed following high-dose melphalan conditioning therapy. We evaluated the influence of the post-transplant day +14 ( @entity19 ) bone marrow plasma cell percent (BMPCp) (>=  2 vs. < 2%), @entity262 ( @entity262 ) stage (II vs. III), response after 3 cycles of VAD therapy (complete response [CR] vs. non-CR), deletion of chromosome 13q (del[13q]) (presence of the abnormality vs. absence), and BMPCp at diagnosis (>=  50 vs. < 50%) on progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: During the median follow-up of 28.0 months, the median PFS and @entity1349 were 29.1 and 42.1 months, respectively. By univariate analysis, @entity262 stage III at diagnosis, BMPCp >=  50% at diagnosis, CR after 3 cycles of VAD therapy, del (13q) by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and BMPCp >=  2% at post-transplant D+14 were correlated with PFS and @entity1349 . A multivariate analysis revealed that a post-transplant D+14 BMPCp >=  2% (PFS, hazard ratio [HR] = 4.426, p = 0.008; @entity1349 , HR = 3.545, p = 0.038) and CR after 3 cycles of VAD therapy (PFS, HR = 0.072, p = 0.014; @entity1349 , HR = 0.055, p = 0.015) were independent prognostic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Post-transplant D+14 BMPCp is a useful parameter for predicting the outcome for @entity1 with @entity1582 receiving ASCT.

title: Predictive value of post-transplant bone marrow plasma cell percent in XXXX @entity1 undergone autologous transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['international scoring system', 'ISS']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has become the treatment of choice for @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). Studies have shown that maintenance treatment with interferon-alpha is associated with improved survival rates following ASCT. However, despite these recent advances in regimes, relapses are inevitable; thus, the prediction of relapse following ASCT requires assessment. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 39 @entity1 who received ASCT between 2003 and 2008. All @entity1 received chemotherapy with @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity619 (VAD), and ASCT was performed following high-dose melphalan conditioning therapy. We evaluated the influence of the post-transplant day +14 ( @entity19 ) bone marrow plasma cell percent (BMPCp) (>=  2 vs. < 2%), @entity262 ( @entity262 ) stage (II vs. III), response after 3 cycles of VAD therapy (complete response [CR] vs. non-CR), deletion of chromosome 13q (del[13q]) (presence of the abnormality vs. absence), and BMPCp at diagnosis (>=  50 vs. < 50%) on progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: During the median follow-up of 28.0 months, the median PFS and @entity1349 were 29.1 and 42.1 months, respectively. By univariate analysis, @entity262 stage III at diagnosis, BMPCp >=  50% at diagnosis, CR after 3 cycles of VAD therapy, del (13q) by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and BMPCp >=  2% at post-transplant D+14 were correlated with PFS and @entity1349 . A multivariate analysis revealed that a post-transplant D+14 BMPCp >=  2% (PFS, hazard ratio [HR] = 4.426, p = 0.008; @entity1349 , HR = 3.545, p = 0.038) and CR after 3 cycles of VAD therapy (PFS, HR = 0.072, p = 0.014; @entity1349 , HR = 0.055, p = 0.015) were independent prognostic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Post-transplant D+14 BMPCp is a useful parameter for predicting the outcome for @entity1 with @entity1582 receiving ASCT.

title: Predictive value of post-transplant bone marrow plasma cell percent in @entity1582 XXXX undergone autologous transplantation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Limited options remain for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) after failure of standard systemic chemotherapy. Readministration of chemotherapeutic agents by hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) has the rationale of providing higher concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents to hepatic metastases. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HAI of @entity1487 with @entity4181 (HAI 5-FU/LV) for @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 . METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 who received HAI 5-FU/LV after failure of systemic chemotherapy containing @entity1487 and @entity4181 were identified and their medical records were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 10 @entity1 evaluable for response, one partial response, six stable disease, and three progressive disease were reported. Additionally, the overall response and disease control rates were 7% and 50%, respectively. The median time to progression was 4.3 months (range, 2.9 to 5.6), to hepatic progression was 5.8 months (range, 4.7 to 6.9), and to extrahepatic progression was 5.8 months (range, 2.3 to 9.2). No grade 3/4 hematologic @entity137 occurred and one case of @entity490 and two cases of @entity3136 were the only grade 3 nonhematologic @entity137 . Catheter-related complications occurred in three @entity1 : one @entity715 , one @entity281 , and one displacement. CONCLUSIONS: HAI 5-FU/LV was well tolerated and showed modest efficacy for @entity1 with liver metastases from refractory @entity14 . Readministration of previously used chemotherapeutic agents via the hepatic artery could be an effective salvage option and warrants further investigation in a prospective trial.

title: Efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion of @entity1487 with XXXX as salvage treatment for refractory liver metastases from @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Limited options remain for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) after failure of standard systemic chemotherapy. Readministration of chemotherapeutic agents by hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) has the rationale of providing higher concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents to hepatic metastases. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HAI of @entity1487 with @entity4181 (HAI 5-FU/LV) for @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 . METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 who received HAI 5-FU/LV after failure of systemic chemotherapy containing @entity1487 and @entity4181 were identified and their medical records were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 10 @entity1 evaluable for response, one partial response, six stable disease, and three progressive disease were reported. Additionally, the overall response and disease control rates were 7% and 50%, respectively. The median time to progression was 4.3 months (range, 2.9 to 5.6), to hepatic progression was 5.8 months (range, 4.7 to 6.9), and to extrahepatic progression was 5.8 months (range, 2.3 to 9.2). No grade 3/4 hematologic @entity137 occurred and one case of @entity490 and two cases of @entity3136 were the only grade 3 nonhematologic @entity137 . Catheter-related complications occurred in three @entity1 : one @entity715 , one @entity281 , and one displacement. CONCLUSIONS: HAI 5-FU/LV was well tolerated and showed modest efficacy for @entity1 with liver metastases from refractory @entity14 . Readministration of previously used chemotherapeutic agents via the hepatic artery could be an effective salvage option and warrants further investigation in a prospective trial.

title: Efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion of @entity1487 with @entity4181 as salvage treatment for refractory liver metastases from XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Limited options remain for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) after failure of standard systemic chemotherapy. Readministration of chemotherapeutic agents by hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) has the rationale of providing higher concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents to hepatic metastases. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HAI of @entity1487 with @entity4181 (HAI 5-FU/LV) for @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 . METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 who received HAI 5-FU/LV after failure of systemic chemotherapy containing @entity1487 and @entity4181 were identified and their medical records were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 10 @entity1 evaluable for response, one partial response, six stable disease, and three progressive disease were reported. Additionally, the overall response and disease control rates were 7% and 50%, respectively. The median time to progression was 4.3 months (range, 2.9 to 5.6), to hepatic progression was 5.8 months (range, 4.7 to 6.9), and to extrahepatic progression was 5.8 months (range, 2.3 to 9.2). No grade 3/4 hematologic @entity137 occurred and one case of @entity490 and two cases of @entity3136 were the only grade 3 nonhematologic @entity137 . Catheter-related complications occurred in three @entity1 : one @entity715 , one @entity281 , and one displacement. CONCLUSIONS: HAI 5-FU/LV was well tolerated and showed modest efficacy for @entity1 with liver metastases from refractory @entity14 . Readministration of previously used chemotherapeutic agents via the hepatic artery could be an effective salvage option and warrants further investigation in a prospective trial.

title: Efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion of XXXX with @entity4181 as salvage treatment for refractory liver metastases from @entity14 .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: @entity73 are a feature of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Unlike motor symptoms that are clearly improved by dopaminergic therapy, the effect of @entity935 replacement on cognition seems paradoxical. Some cognitive functions are improved whereas others are unaltered or even hindered. Our aim was to understand the effect of @entity935 replacement therapy on various aspects of cognition. Whereas dorsal striatum receives @entity935 input from the substantia nigra (SN), ventral striatum is innervated by @entity935 -producing cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In @entity191 , degeneration of SN is substantially greater than cell loss in VTA and hence @entity935 -deficiency is significantly greater in dorsal compared to ventral striatum. We suggest that @entity935 supplementation improves functions mediated by dorsal striatum and impairs, or heightens to a pathological degree, operations ascribed to ventral striatum. We consider the extant literature in light of this principle. We also survey the effect of @entity935 replacement on functional neuroimaging in @entity191 relating the findings to this framework. This paper highlights the fact that currently, titration of therapy in @entity191 is geared to optimizing dorsal striatum-mediated motor symptoms, at the expense of ventral striatum operations. Increased awareness of contrasting effects of @entity935 replacement on dorsal versus ventral striatum functions will lead clinicians to survey a broader range of symptoms in determining optimal therapy, taking into account both those aspects of cognition that will be helped versus those that will be hindered by dopaminergic treatment.

title: Differential effects of dopaminergic therapies on dorsal and ventral striatum in XXXX : implications for cognitive function.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differences in spontaneous and drug-induced baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity4375 ) have been attributed to its different operating ranges. The current study attempted to compare @entity4375 estimates during cardiovascular steady-state and pharmacologically stimulation using an innovative algorithm for dynamic determination of baroreflex gain. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Forty-five volunteers underwent the modified Oxford maneuver in supine and 60   tilted position with blood pressure and heart rate being continuously recorded. Drug-induced @entity4375 -estimates were calculated from data obtained by bolus injections of @entity1854 and @entity2647 . Spontaneous indices were derived from data obtained during rest (stationary) and under pharmacological stimulation (non-stationary) using the algorithm of @entity2357 ( @entity2357 ). Spontaneous and drug-induced @entity4375 values were significantly correlated and display directionally similar changes under different situations. Using the Bland-Altman method, systematic differences between spontaneous and drug-induced estimates were found and revealed that the discrepancy can be as large as the gain itself. Fixed bias was not evident with ordinary least products regression. The correlation and agreement between the estimates increased significantly when @entity4375 was calculated by @entity2357 in non-stationary mode during the drug injection period. @entity2357 - @entity4375 significantly increased during @entity2647 and decreased under @entity1854 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The @entity2357 analysis provides a reliable, non-invasive assessment of @entity1 @entity4375 not only under static steady state conditions, but also during pharmacological perturbation of the cardiovascular system.

title: Determination of baroreflex sensitivity during the modified Oxford maneuver by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['trigonometric regressive spectral analysis', 'TRS']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity2357 :: (MESH:C537770,Disease) :: ['trigonometric regressive spectral analysis']


abstract: Various types of exercise alter the population of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and change their transcriptional output. This work examines changes in PBMC populations and transcription in response to resistance exercise training (RET), and identify key transcriptional changes in PBMCs that may play a role in altering peripheral tissues in response to RET. Ten resistance-trained @entity1 (20-24 years), performed an acute bout of RET for ~30 min following a 12 h fast. Venous blood was sampled at rest, immediately following exercise, and at 2 h post-exercise and analyzed for total and differential leukocytes and global gene expression using Affymetrix Genechips. Results showed elevated leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and @entity880 values immediately post-exercise (P < 0.05) over baseline. At 2 h post-exercise, leukocytes, and granulocytes remained elevated (P < 0.05), whereas lymphocytes were lower than (P < 0.05) baseline values. Initial microarray results showed the greatest transcriptional changes in pathways related to immune response, @entity32 , and cellular communication. The change in PBMC population (2 h time point) correlated with a dramatic decrease in the expression of @entity19671 , and @entity57242 , markers of lymphocyte populations. At the 2 h recovery time point upregulation of @entity1495 , @entity5064 , @entity13056 , and @entity20503 suggest an induction in @entity121 and repair during this time frame. These results demonstrate that an acute bout of RET disrupts cellular homeostasis, induces a transient redistribution of certain leukocytes, and results in transcriptional changes in PBMCs translating into systemic changes in response to RET.

title: Changes in transcriptional output of XXXX peripheral blood mononuclear cells following resistance exercise.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

entities_list: @entity13056 :: ('23500', 'Gene') :: ['dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 2']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 9']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Altered levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may reflect relevant pathogenetic mechanisms of disease conditions. The objective of this study was to compare the plasma levels of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) @entity1 with those found in healthy ovulatory controls and to examine whether the levels of these biomarkers are associated with clinical and biochemical features of this syndrome. Sixty-five healthy ovulatory subjects (controls) and 80 @entity1 with @entity3610 were include in this study. @entity1476 , @entity5952 , @entity1495 , @entity2843 , @entity1552 concentrations were measured in plasma samples by gelatin zymography or enzyme-linked immunoassays. @entity1476 , @entity5952 , @entity1495 , and @entity2843 levels were similar in @entity3610 @entity1 and in healthy controls (P > 0.05). @entity3610 @entity1 had lower plasma @entity1552 levels than healthy controls (P < 0.05). We found higher @entity1476 / @entity1552 and @entity1495 / @entity2843 ratios in @entity3610 @entity1 than in healthy controls (all P < 0.05). @entity251 levels correlated positively with the @entity1495 / @entity2843 ratio and negatively with @entity1552 levels (r = 0.26, P < 0.01 and r = -0.21, P = 0.02, respectively). In addition, only @entity251 was an independent predictor of @entity1552 levels (estimate = -0.35, P = 0.04) and the @entity1495 / @entity2843 ratio (estimate = 0.01, P = 0.04). We found evidence indicating that the balance between MMPs and TIMPs in @entity1 with @entity3610 is altered, probably due to @entity342 excess found in these @entity1 .

title: Imbalanced circulating matrix metalloproteinases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) using non-contact electro-anatomic mapping in @entity1 with @entity4128 @entity67 / @entity296 ( @entity4128 /C). METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity1 (44    15 years) with @entity4128 /C and symptomatic VTs were studied. Eight @entity1 had @entity1163 . Two @entity1 had recurrent @entity1165 while on AICD; in three @entity1 , RFA was done prior to AICD implantation, and ten @entity1 refused AICD. After obtaining activation maps, first, the clinical @entity1165 was targeted, and then, other VTs were sought. RESULTS: Twenty-five inducible VTs were mapped, and 22 of them were successfully ablated. In 13 out of 15 @entity1 , all the clinical and inducible VTs were ablated. In two @entity1 , non-clinical inducible VTs could not be ablated. At 25    16 months (2-52 months), all @entity1 remained asymptomatic. Antiarrhythmic medications were discontinued after 6 months. Two @entity1 had recurrence of non-clinical @entity1165 on follow-up. There were no episodes of asymptomatic @entity1165 recorded in five @entity1 with AICD. CONCLUSION: A majority of induced @entity1165 in @entity1 with @entity4128 /C can be successfully mapped and ablated using the non-contact Ensite Array Mapping system with good long-term @entity1165 -free outcome. Ablation can be a useful adjunct to AICD implantation in such @entity1 .

title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of @entity1165 in @entity4128 XXXX / @entity296 using non-contact electroanatomical mapping: single-center experience with follow-up up to median of 30 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmogenic right', 'ARVD']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopal VTs']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysplasia']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) using non-contact electro-anatomic mapping in @entity1 with @entity4128 @entity67 / @entity296 ( @entity4128 /C). METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity1 (44    15 years) with @entity4128 /C and symptomatic VTs were studied. Eight @entity1 had @entity1163 . Two @entity1 had recurrent @entity1165 while on AICD; in three @entity1 , RFA was done prior to AICD implantation, and ten @entity1 refused AICD. After obtaining activation maps, first, the clinical @entity1165 was targeted, and then, other VTs were sought. RESULTS: Twenty-five inducible VTs were mapped, and 22 of them were successfully ablated. In 13 out of 15 @entity1 , all the clinical and inducible VTs were ablated. In two @entity1 , non-clinical inducible VTs could not be ablated. At 25    16 months (2-52 months), all @entity1 remained asymptomatic. Antiarrhythmic medications were discontinued after 6 months. Two @entity1 had recurrence of non-clinical @entity1165 on follow-up. There were no episodes of asymptomatic @entity1165 recorded in five @entity1 with AICD. CONCLUSION: A majority of induced @entity1165 in @entity1 with @entity4128 /C can be successfully mapped and ablated using the non-contact Ensite Array Mapping system with good long-term @entity1165 -free outcome. Ablation can be a useful adjunct to AICD implantation in such @entity1 .

title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of @entity1165 in @entity4128 @entity67 / XXXX using non-contact electroanatomical mapping: single-center experience with follow-up up to median of 30 months.

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) using non-contact electro-anatomic mapping in @entity1 with @entity4128 @entity67 / @entity296 ( @entity4128 /C). METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity1 (44    15 years) with @entity4128 /C and symptomatic VTs were studied. Eight @entity1 had @entity1163 . Two @entity1 had recurrent @entity1165 while on AICD; in three @entity1 , RFA was done prior to AICD implantation, and ten @entity1 refused AICD. After obtaining activation maps, first, the clinical @entity1165 was targeted, and then, other VTs were sought. RESULTS: Twenty-five inducible VTs were mapped, and 22 of them were successfully ablated. In 13 out of 15 @entity1 , all the clinical and inducible VTs were ablated. In two @entity1 , non-clinical inducible VTs could not be ablated. At 25    16 months (2-52 months), all @entity1 remained asymptomatic. Antiarrhythmic medications were discontinued after 6 months. Two @entity1 had recurrence of non-clinical @entity1165 on follow-up. There were no episodes of asymptomatic @entity1165 recorded in five @entity1 with AICD. CONCLUSION: A majority of induced @entity1165 in @entity1 with @entity4128 /C can be successfully mapped and ablated using the non-contact Ensite Array Mapping system with good long-term @entity1165 -free outcome. Ablation can be a useful adjunct to AICD implantation in such @entity1 .

title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of XXXX in @entity4128 @entity67 / @entity296 using non-contact electroanatomical mapping: single-center experience with follow-up up to median of 30 months.

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) using non-contact electro-anatomic mapping in @entity1 with @entity4128 @entity67 / @entity296 ( @entity4128 /C). METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity1 (44    15 years) with @entity4128 /C and symptomatic VTs were studied. Eight @entity1 had @entity1163 . Two @entity1 had recurrent @entity1165 while on AICD; in three @entity1 , RFA was done prior to AICD implantation, and ten @entity1 refused AICD. After obtaining activation maps, first, the clinical @entity1165 was targeted, and then, other VTs were sought. RESULTS: Twenty-five inducible VTs were mapped, and 22 of them were successfully ablated. In 13 out of 15 @entity1 , all the clinical and inducible VTs were ablated. In two @entity1 , non-clinical inducible VTs could not be ablated. At 25    16 months (2-52 months), all @entity1 remained asymptomatic. Antiarrhythmic medications were discontinued after 6 months. Two @entity1 had recurrence of non-clinical @entity1165 on follow-up. There were no episodes of asymptomatic @entity1165 recorded in five @entity1 with AICD. CONCLUSION: A majority of induced @entity1165 in @entity1 with @entity4128 /C can be successfully mapped and ablated using the non-contact Ensite Array Mapping system with good long-term @entity1165 -free outcome. Ablation can be a useful adjunct to AICD implantation in such @entity1 .

title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of @entity1165 in XXXX @entity67 / @entity296 using non-contact electroanatomical mapping: single-center experience with follow-up up to median of 30 months.

answer: @entity4128 :: (MESH:D019571,Disease) :: ['arrhythmogenic right']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of timing of presentation of cases with @entity546 on the outcome of surgical intervention. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 1986 and May 2010, 180 @entity1 with @entity546 were treated surgically in our center. To assess the effect of timing of presentation, @entity1 were classified into 2 groups: group I with early presentation ( <=24 hours) and group II with delayed presentation (>24 hours). All @entity1 were contacted by mail or phone and were re-evaluated. All @entity1 were reevaluated by questionnaire and local examination. @entity1 with @entity323 were evaluated by color Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS: Group I included 149 @entity1 (82.8%) and group II included 31 (17.2%). In group I, @entity1 presented to the emergency department from 1-24 hours (mean, 11.8) after occurrence of the @entity546 . Although @entity1 in group II presented from 30 hours to 7 days (mean, 44.7 hours). Both groups were similar regarding etiology of injury, clinical presentation, surgical findings, and incidence of associated @entity130 . Mean follow-up period for group I was 105 months, and for group II it was 113 months. After such long-term follow up, 35 (19.4%) @entity1 had complications; however, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Cases of @entity546 with early or delayed presentation up to 7 days should be managed surgically. Both groups have comparable excellent outcome with no serious long-term complications.

title: Does timing of presentation of XXXX affect outcome of surgical intervention?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile fracture', 'penile trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['urethral injury']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['penile fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcome of @entity1 treated with the Penumbra system (PS) for acute @entity385 . A retrospective, monocentric matched-pair analysis in comparison with @entity1 treated by intraarterial thrombolysis (IAT) with alteplase was designed for this purpose. METHODS: Twenty-two consecutive @entity1 , (mean age 62), with acute @entity385 and National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) scores >=  7 were treated with the PS. Twenty corresponding @entity1 could be identified, treated with IAT. Matches were sought for initial NIHSS score and target vessels. Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) grades, mortality rates, NIHSS upon discharge, and modified Rankin scores (mRs) at 90 days were compared. RESULTS: A total of 32 vessels in 20 @entity1 were treated in either arm of the study. Recanalization to TIMI 2/3 was successful in 25/32 (78%) of target vessels with the PS, and 17/32 (53%) of target vessels in the IAT group. Upon discharge, 2/20 @entity1 treated with PS and 7/20 @entity1 treated with IAT had a NIHSS score of 0 to 1 or an improvement greater or equal to 10-point on the NIHSS scale. All cause mortality at 90 days was 3/20 @entity1 treated with PS, and 2/20 @entity1 treated with IAT. Three out of twenty @entity1 treated with PS and 7/20 @entity1 treated with IAT had a mRS of  <= 2 at 90 days. CONCLUSION: The Penumbra system is effective in re-opening occluded major arteries. Our data seems to indicate that not all @entity1 benefit clinically from improved revascularization of occluded major arteries.

title: Mechanical thrombectomy with the Penumbra recanalization device in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: We hypothesize that a failure to normalize a @entity1 's @entity413 on an automated euglycemia protocol signals an adverse response after @entity130 and that this response can identify @entity1 with an increased mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 1246 ventilated, critically ill @entity130 @entity1 who were placed on an automated euglycemia. All @entity413 values collected both by laboratory serum measurements and by bedside arterial samples were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Forty six thousand two hundred eighteen data entries for @entity413 (mg/dL) were analyzed. Time to normalization, defined as the first value in the goal range of 80 to 110 mg/dL, was different between the 2 groups, survivors correcting significantly faster (396 vs 487 minutes; P = .003). Mortality in @entity1 who normalized (80-110 mg/dL) in the first 6 hours of admission was 13.6% vs 18.3% in @entity1 requiring greater than 6 hours (P = .02). @entity1 who never normalized also required significantly greater @entity2690 doses despite there being no significant difference in demographic data between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A posttraumatic @entity1 's response to tight glycemic control revealed important prognostic information about the @entity1 ' physiologic status. @entity1 who failed to reach euglycemia in the first 6 hours of admission had an increased hospital mortality. The time to normalization is significantly longer in those @entity1 who died. @entity1 who did not correct rapidly required significantly higher @entity2690 doses, suggesting @entity2690 resistance.

title: Failure to achieve euglycemia despite aggressive @entity2690 control signals abnormal physiologic response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We hypothesize that a failure to normalize a @entity1 's @entity413 on an automated euglycemia protocol signals an adverse response after @entity130 and that this response can identify @entity1 with an increased mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 1246 ventilated, critically ill @entity130 @entity1 who were placed on an automated euglycemia. All @entity413 values collected both by laboratory serum measurements and by bedside arterial samples were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Forty six thousand two hundred eighteen data entries for @entity413 (mg/dL) were analyzed. Time to normalization, defined as the first value in the goal range of 80 to 110 mg/dL, was different between the 2 groups, survivors correcting significantly faster (396 vs 487 minutes; P = .003). Mortality in @entity1 who normalized (80-110 mg/dL) in the first 6 hours of admission was 13.6% vs 18.3% in @entity1 requiring greater than 6 hours (P = .02). @entity1 who never normalized also required significantly greater @entity2690 doses despite there being no significant difference in demographic data between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A posttraumatic @entity1 's response to tight glycemic control revealed important prognostic information about the @entity1 ' physiologic status. @entity1 who failed to reach euglycemia in the first 6 hours of admission had an increased hospital mortality. The time to normalization is significantly longer in those @entity1 who died. @entity1 who did not correct rapidly required significantly higher @entity2690 doses, suggesting @entity2690 resistance.

title: Failure to achieve euglycemia despite aggressive XXXX control signals abnormal physiologic response to @entity130 .

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: The aim of this overview was to assess the utility of various imaging technologies (fluoroscopy, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography) for the treatment planning of high dose rate brachytherapy for @entity5 . Reviews and primary studies comparing different imaging technologies used during high dose rate brachytherapy for @entity5 and published from 1988 to 2008 were sought by searching MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, the Cochrane Library, personal files and reference lists of identified studies, and by contacting experts. Study selection, study quality assessment and data extraction were carried out in duplicate. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. No systematic reviews or @entity23 ( @entity23 ) were located. The validity assessment revealed that the quality of the existing studies is very variable. This is the first systematic review in the area of imaging technologies for cervix brachytherapy. No @entity23 have been located and it is possible that an RCT is not the optimal methodology to assess imaging technologies. However, in this area there is a need for more prospective studies and for studies that consider the expertise of the operators in their design. The studies found supported the use of three-dimensional imaging as opposed to the traditional two-dimensional imaging. However, apart from the effectiveness of visualising @entity5 and surrounding tissues, the utility of imaging technologies in clinical practice is determined by other contextual factors, such as their availability, accessibility and ease of use.

title: Imaging technologies for high dose rate brachytherapy for XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomised controlled studies', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Undernutrition and @entity3147 are common in hospitalized @entity1 . Their combined prevalence on admission is estimated at 25% and is rising. METHODS: Selective literature review with special consideration of current guidelines and meta-analyses. RESULTS: The nutritional state of every @entity1 should be assessed on admission with simple, established parameters, and @entity1 suffering from under- or @entity3147 should be treated with a targeted nutritional intervention based on the established stepwise treatment algorithm. Under- and @entity3147 are an independent risk and cost factor with a significant influence on mortality, morbidity, length of hospital stay, and quality of life. Their direct costs alone amount to some 9 billion @entity7634 in Germany each year. Therapeutic trials and meta-analyses have clearly documented the therapeutic benefit and cost-effectiveness of oral nutritional supplements and tube feeds. Targeted nutritional intervention is an integral part of medical treatment and prevention. CONCLUSION: Undernutrition and @entity3147 are common in hospitalized @entity1 and are both medically and economically harmful. If they are detected early by targeted assessment and then treated appropriately according to the established stepwise treatment algorithm, better clinical outcomes and lower costs will result.

title: XXXX in hospital: the clinical and economic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['Malnutrition']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity631 ( @entity631 ) is a rare primary @entity8 . Most previously reported cases were idiopathic. To better define the clinical-pathologic spectrum and prognosis, we report the largest single-center series with the longest follow-up. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: The characteristics of 66 @entity631 @entity1 who were seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, between 1993 and 2010 are provided. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 53 years. Ninety-five percent of @entity1 were white, and the female:male ratio was 1.2:1. Underlying @entity5 (most commonly @entity189 ), dysproteinemia, or @entity792 (most commonly @entity30 , @entity1252 , @entity2743 , and @entity3039 ), were present in 23, 17, and 15% of @entity1 , respectively. Presentation included @entity644 (100%), @entity1985 (38%), @entity177 (66%), @entity811 (52%), and @entity101 (71%). The most common histologic pattern was mesangial proliferative/sclerosing GN followed by membranoproliferative GN. During an average of 52.3 months of follow-up for 61 @entity1 with available data, 13% had complete or partial remission, 43% had persistent @entity8 , and 44% progressed to @entity454 . The disease recurred in 36% of 14 @entity1 who received a kidney transplant. Independent predictors of @entity454 by multivariate analysis were older age, higher @entity1011 and @entity644 at biopsy, and higher percentage of global @entity631 . CONCLUSIONS: Underlying @entity5 , dysproteinemia, or @entity792 are not uncommon in @entity1 with @entity631 . Prognosis is poor, although remission may occur in a minority of @entity1 without immunosuppressive therapy. Age, degree of @entity8 at diagnosis, and degree of glomerular scarring are predictors of renal survival.

title: XXXX : a report of 66 cases from a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'glomerular disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis', 'Fibrillary glomerulonephritis', 'FGN']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['Fibrillary glomerulonephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , especially @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the major cause of @entity5 in the United States. The @entity146 of @entity1149 has been shown to be associated with the acquisition of @entity361 ( @entity361 ). The acquisition of @entity361 phenotype induced by @entity2533 in several @entity5 cells has been implicated in @entity146 and resistance to conventional therapeutics; however, the molecular mechanism of @entity361 and @entity146 in @entity1149 remains unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study we found for the first time that the induction of @entity361 by chronic exposure of A549 @entity1149 cells to @entity2533 ( @entity72692 cells) led to the up-regulation of sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) both at the mRNA and protein levels causing activation of hedgehog signaling. These results were also reproduced in another @entity1149 cell line (H2030). Induction of @entity361 was found to be consistent with aggressive characteristics such as increased clonogenic growth, cell motility and invasion. The @entity146 of these cells was attenuated by the treatment of A549-M cells with pharmacological inhibitors of Hh signaling in addition to @entity4851 knock-down by siRNA. The inhibition of Hh signaling by pharmacological inhibitors led to the reversal of @entity361 phenotype as confirmed by the reduction of mesenchymal markers such as @entity18075 and Fibronectin, and induction of epithelial marker @entity5962 . In addition, knock-down of @entity4851 by siRNA significantly attenuated @entity361 induction by @entity2533 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results show for the first time the transcriptional up-regulation of @entity4851 by @entity2533 , which is mechanistically associated with @entity2533 induced @entity361 phenotype and aggressive behavior of @entity1149 cells. Thus the inhibitors of @entity4851 signaling could be useful for the reversal of @entity361 phenotype, which would inhibit the metastatic potential of @entity1149 cells and also make these @entity5 more sensitive to conventional therapeutics.

title: Up-regulation of sonic hedgehog contributes to @entity2533 -induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness', 'tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-related deaths', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['EMT', 'epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , especially @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the major cause of @entity5 in the United States. The @entity146 of @entity1149 has been shown to be associated with the acquisition of @entity361 ( @entity361 ). The acquisition of @entity361 phenotype induced by @entity2533 in several @entity5 cells has been implicated in @entity146 and resistance to conventional therapeutics; however, the molecular mechanism of @entity361 and @entity146 in @entity1149 remains unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study we found for the first time that the induction of @entity361 by chronic exposure of A549 @entity1149 cells to @entity2533 ( @entity72692 cells) led to the up-regulation of sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) both at the mRNA and protein levels causing activation of hedgehog signaling. These results were also reproduced in another @entity1149 cell line (H2030). Induction of @entity361 was found to be consistent with aggressive characteristics such as increased clonogenic growth, cell motility and invasion. The @entity146 of these cells was attenuated by the treatment of A549-M cells with pharmacological inhibitors of Hh signaling in addition to @entity4851 knock-down by siRNA. The inhibition of Hh signaling by pharmacological inhibitors led to the reversal of @entity361 phenotype as confirmed by the reduction of mesenchymal markers such as @entity18075 and Fibronectin, and induction of epithelial marker @entity5962 . In addition, knock-down of @entity4851 by siRNA significantly attenuated @entity361 induction by @entity2533 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results show for the first time the transcriptional up-regulation of @entity4851 by @entity2533 , which is mechanistically associated with @entity2533 induced @entity361 phenotype and aggressive behavior of @entity1149 cells. Thus the inhibitors of @entity4851 signaling could be useful for the reversal of @entity361 phenotype, which would inhibit the metastatic potential of @entity1149 cells and also make these @entity5 more sensitive to conventional therapeutics.

title: Up-regulation of sonic hedgehog contributes to XXXX -induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in @entity1149 cells.

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-b1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowing the levels of @entity4663 ( @entity7224 , @entity11667 , and @entity8037 ) in different foods is of interest due to the association of these bioactive nutrients to health and diseases. There is a lack of relevant information on their contents in foods. OBJECTIVE: To develop a food @entity4664 database from published data by which @entity4664 intake and food contribution to this intake can be estimated, and to determine the levels of @entity4663 in Swedish dairy products. DESIGN: Extensive literature search and laboratory analysis of selected Swedish dairy products. @entity4664 contents in foods were collected using an extensive literature search of databases. @entity4663 in different types of Swedish dairy products (milk with different fat percentages, yogurt, cheeses, and sour milk) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a UV detector. RESULTS: Fruits and cheese were the highest sources of @entity7224 , while vegetables and meat products were found to be rich in @entity11667 and @entity8037 , respectively. The content of @entity4663 in cheese varied considerably between studies. In analyzed Swedish dairy products, matured cheese had the highest total @entity4664 contents with values of 52.3, 1.2, and 2.6 mg/kg for @entity7224 , @entity11667 , and @entity8037 , respectively. Low fat milk had higher @entity7224 and @entity11667 , 1.2 and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively, than the other types of milk. CONCLUSIONS: The database aids other researchers in their quest for information regarding @entity4664 intake from foods. Connecting the @entity4664 contents in food with the Swedish Food Database allows for estimation of @entity4664 contents per portion.

title: XXXX in foods: development of a food database.

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyamines', 'polyamines']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyamine', 'polyamine']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['Polyamines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The shrimp Rimicaris exoculata dominates the faunal biomass at many deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In its enlarged gill chamber it harbors a specialized epibiotic bacterial community for which a nutritional role has been proposed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We analyzed specimens from the Snake Pit hydrothermal vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge by complementing a 16S rRNA gene survey with the analysis of genes involved in @entity505 , @entity599 and @entity3884 metabolism. In addition to Epsilon- and Gammaproteobacteria, the epibiotic community unexpectedly also consists of Deltaproteobacteria of a single phylotype, closely related to the genus Desulfocapsa. The association of these phylogenetic groups with the shrimp was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Based on functional gene analyses, we hypothesize that the Gamma- and Epsilonproteobacteria are capable of autotrophic growth by oxidizing reduced @entity599 compounds, and that the Deltaproteobacteria are also involved in @entity599 metabolism. In addition, the detection of proteobacterial hydrogenases indicates the potential for @entity3884 oxidation in these communities. Interestingly, the frequency of these phylotypes in 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from the mouthparts differ from that of the inner lining of the gill chamber, indicating potential functional compartmentalization. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show the specific association of autotrophic bacteria with Rimicaris exoculata from the Snake Pit hydrothermal vent field, and suggest that autotrophic @entity505 fixation is contributing to the productivity of the epibiotic community with the reductive @entity6626 cycle as one important @entity505 fixation pathway. This has not been considered in previous studies of @entity505 fixation and stable @entity505 isotope composition of the shrimp and its epibionts. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of @entity599 -oxidizing and @entity599 -reducing epibionts raises the possibility that both may be involved in the syntrophic exchange of @entity599 compounds, which could increase the overall efficiency of this epibiotic community.

title: Pathways of XXXX and energy metabolism of the epibiotic community associated with the deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the life cycle of plants, both embryogenic and post-embryogenic growth are essentially based on cell division and cell expansion that are under the control of inherited developmental programmes modified by hormonal and environmental stimuli. Considering either stimulation or inhibition of plant growth, the key role of plant hormones in the modification of cell division activities or in the initiation of differentiation is well supported by experimental data. At the same time there is only limited insight into the molecular events that provide linkage between the regulation of cell-cycle progression and hormonal and developmental control. Studies indicate that there are several alternative ways by which hormonal signalling networks can influence cell division parameters and establish functional links between regulatory pathways of cell-cycle progression and genes and protein complexes involved in organ development. SCOPE: An overview is given here of key components in plant cell division control as acceptors of hormonal and developmental signals during organ formation and growth. Selected examples are presented to highlight the potential role of @entity141 -signalling, the complex actions of auxin and cytokinins, regulation by transcription factors and alteration of @entity995 -related proteins by phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: Auxins and @entity2271 can directly influence expression of @entity1364 , @entity1364 -dependent kinase (CDK) genes and activities of CDK complexes. D-type cyclins are primary targets for cytokinins and over-expression of CyclinD3;1 can enhance auxin responses in roots. A set of auxin-activated genes (AXR1-ARGOS-ANT) controls cell number and organ size through modification of CyclinD3;1 gene expression. The SHORT ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) transcriptional factors determine root patterning by activation of the CYCD6;1 gene. Over-expression of the @entity18620 gene (plant homologue of the ErbB-3 epidermal growth factor receptor-binding protein) increased biomass by auxin-dependent activation of both D- and B-type cyclins. The direct involvement of auxin-binding protein ( @entity15032 ) in the entry into the cell cycle and the regulation of leaf size and morphology is based on the transcriptional control of D-cyclins and @entity995 -related protein (RBR) interacting with inhibitory E2FC transcriptional factor. The central role of RBRs in cell-cycle progression is well documented by a variety of experimental approaches. Their function is phosphorylation-dependent and both RBR and phospho-RBR proteins are present in interphase and mitotic phase cells. Immunolocalization studies showed the presence of phospho-RBR protein in spots of interphase nuclei or granules in mitotic prophase cells. The @entity141 -dependent phosphorylation events can be accomplished by the @entity460 -dependent, calmodulin-independent or calmodulin-like domain protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs) phosphorylating the CDK inhibitor protein ( @entity19077 ). Dephosphorylation of the phospho-RBR protein by @entity4333 phosphatase is regulated by a @entity141 -binding subunit.

title: Cell-cycle control as a target for XXXX , hormonal and developmental signals: the role of phosphorylation in the @entity995 -centred pathway.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the life cycle of plants, both embryogenic and post-embryogenic growth are essentially based on cell division and cell expansion that are under the control of inherited developmental programmes modified by hormonal and environmental stimuli. Considering either stimulation or inhibition of plant growth, the key role of plant hormones in the modification of cell division activities or in the initiation of differentiation is well supported by experimental data. At the same time there is only limited insight into the molecular events that provide linkage between the regulation of cell-cycle progression and hormonal and developmental control. Studies indicate that there are several alternative ways by which hormonal signalling networks can influence cell division parameters and establish functional links between regulatory pathways of cell-cycle progression and genes and protein complexes involved in organ development. SCOPE: An overview is given here of key components in plant cell division control as acceptors of hormonal and developmental signals during organ formation and growth. Selected examples are presented to highlight the potential role of @entity141 -signalling, the complex actions of auxin and cytokinins, regulation by transcription factors and alteration of @entity995 -related proteins by phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: Auxins and @entity2271 can directly influence expression of @entity1364 , @entity1364 -dependent kinase (CDK) genes and activities of CDK complexes. D-type cyclins are primary targets for cytokinins and over-expression of CyclinD3;1 can enhance auxin responses in roots. A set of auxin-activated genes (AXR1-ARGOS-ANT) controls cell number and organ size through modification of CyclinD3;1 gene expression. The SHORT ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) transcriptional factors determine root patterning by activation of the CYCD6;1 gene. Over-expression of the @entity18620 gene (plant homologue of the ErbB-3 epidermal growth factor receptor-binding protein) increased biomass by auxin-dependent activation of both D- and B-type cyclins. The direct involvement of auxin-binding protein ( @entity15032 ) in the entry into the cell cycle and the regulation of leaf size and morphology is based on the transcriptional control of D-cyclins and @entity995 -related protein (RBR) interacting with inhibitory E2FC transcriptional factor. The central role of RBRs in cell-cycle progression is well documented by a variety of experimental approaches. Their function is phosphorylation-dependent and both RBR and phospho-RBR proteins are present in interphase and mitotic phase cells. Immunolocalization studies showed the presence of phospho-RBR protein in spots of interphase nuclei or granules in mitotic prophase cells. The @entity141 -dependent phosphorylation events can be accomplished by the @entity460 -dependent, calmodulin-independent or calmodulin-like domain protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs) phosphorylating the CDK inhibitor protein ( @entity19077 ). Dephosphorylation of the phospho-RBR protein by @entity4333 phosphatase is regulated by a @entity141 -binding subunit.

title: Cell-cycle control as a target for @entity460 , hormonal and developmental signals: the role of phosphorylation in the XXXX -centred pathway.

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gradual correction of @entity85 of the proximal tibia is generally accepted and produces good results. However, most studies have used circular external fixators, which are complex and cause @entity1 discomfort. This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of hemicallotasis with a unilateral external fixator for correction of @entity85 of the proximal tibia. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 (21 legs, 8 bilateral) were included in this study: 6 with constitutional bowing, 3 with a malunion, 2 with @entity5249 , and 2 with @entity2689 . There were 7 males and 6 females of mean age 21 years (range 13-40). With an oblique osteotomy on the proximal tibia, a unilateral external fixator was placed on the medial side. Using a distraction of 1 mm/day, the external fixator was removed after consolidation of the callus. RESULTS: Surgery corrected medial proximal tibia angle from a preoperative average of 75.1   (64  -81  ) to 88.6   (86  -90  ) at final follow-up. Average tibiofemoral angle improved from -7   to 6.8  . The duration of external fixation averaged 101.3 days and the external fixation index was 70 days/cm. No @entity1 had a limited ambulation, and all recovered preoperative range of knee motion (mean 130.1  ) at final follow-up. Seven minor complications (pin tract infection, clamp loosening) and 1 major complication (uncorrected genu procurvatum) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Hemicallotasis using a unilateral external fixator was found to be a safe and simple corrective procedure for @entity85 of the proximal tibia, with few complications.

title: Hemicallotasis for correction of XXXX of the proximal tibia using a unilateral external fixator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['varus deformity']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5249 :: ('MESH:C536237', 'Disease') :: ["Blount's disease"]

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['varus deformity']


abstract: Dynamic signaling of mesolimbic @entity935 (DA) neurons has been implicated in reward learning, @entity734 , and motivation. However, this system is complex because firing patterns of these neurons are heterogeneous; subpopulations receive distinct synaptic inputs, and project to anatomically and functionally distinct downstream targets, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core. The functional roles of these cell populations and their real-time signaling properties in freely moving animals are unknown. Resolving the real-time DA signal requires simultaneous knowledge of the synchronized activity of DA cell subpopulations and assessment of the down-stream functional effect of DA release. Because this is not yet possible solely by experimentation in vivo, we combine computational modeling and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry data to reconstruct the functionally relevant DA signal in DA neuron subpopulations projecting to the NAc core and shell in freely moving @entity35 . The approach provides a novel perspective on real-time DA neuron firing and concurrent activation of presynaptic autoreceptors and postsynaptic targets. We first show that individual differences in DA release arise from differences in autoreceptor feedback. The model predicts that extracellular DA concentrations in NAc core result from constant baseline DA firing, whereas DA concentrations in NAc shell reflect highly dynamic firing patters, including synchronized burst firing and pauses. Our models also predict that this anatomical difference in DA signaling is exaggerated by intravenous infusion of @entity2072 . SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Orchestrated signaling from mesolimbic @entity935 (DA) neurons is important for initiating appropriate behavior in response to salient stimuli. Thus, subpopulations of mesolimbic DA neurons show different in vitro properties and synaptic inputs depending on their specific projections to the core and shell subterritories of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the functional consequence of these differences is unknown. Here we analyze and model DA dynamics in different areas of the NAc to establish the real-time DA signal. In freely behaving animals, we find that the DA signal from mesencephalic neurons projecting to the NAc shell is dominated by synchronized bursts and pauses, whereas signaling is uniform for core-projecting neurons; this difference is amplified by @entity2072 .

title: Functionally Distinct XXXX Signals in Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell in the Freely Moving @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: Dynamic signaling of mesolimbic @entity935 (DA) neurons has been implicated in reward learning, @entity734 , and motivation. However, this system is complex because firing patterns of these neurons are heterogeneous; subpopulations receive distinct synaptic inputs, and project to anatomically and functionally distinct downstream targets, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core. The functional roles of these cell populations and their real-time signaling properties in freely moving animals are unknown. Resolving the real-time DA signal requires simultaneous knowledge of the synchronized activity of DA cell subpopulations and assessment of the down-stream functional effect of DA release. Because this is not yet possible solely by experimentation in vivo, we combine computational modeling and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry data to reconstruct the functionally relevant DA signal in DA neuron subpopulations projecting to the NAc core and shell in freely moving @entity35 . The approach provides a novel perspective on real-time DA neuron firing and concurrent activation of presynaptic autoreceptors and postsynaptic targets. We first show that individual differences in DA release arise from differences in autoreceptor feedback. The model predicts that extracellular DA concentrations in NAc core result from constant baseline DA firing, whereas DA concentrations in NAc shell reflect highly dynamic firing patters, including synchronized burst firing and pauses. Our models also predict that this anatomical difference in DA signaling is exaggerated by intravenous infusion of @entity2072 . SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Orchestrated signaling from mesolimbic @entity935 (DA) neurons is important for initiating appropriate behavior in response to salient stimuli. Thus, subpopulations of mesolimbic DA neurons show different in vitro properties and synaptic inputs depending on their specific projections to the core and shell subterritories of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the functional consequence of these differences is unknown. Here we analyze and model DA dynamics in different areas of the NAc to establish the real-time DA signal. In freely behaving animals, we find that the DA signal from mesencephalic neurons projecting to the NAc shell is dominated by synchronized bursts and pauses, whereas signaling is uniform for core-projecting neurons; this difference is amplified by @entity2072 .

title: Functionally Distinct @entity935 Signals in Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell in the Freely Moving XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The potential benefits and harms of different lighting in neonatal units have not been quantified. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of cycled lighting ( @entity3917 ) (approximately 12 hours of light on and 12 hours of light off) with irregularly dimmed light or @entity400 ( @entity400 ) and with continuous bright light (CBL) on growth in preterm @entity1 at three and six months of age. SEARCH STRATEGY: Electronic searches of the literature were conducted (in May 2010) of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and abstracts from Pediatric Academic Societies' annual meetings. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised trials of @entity2132 or CBL in preterm and low birth weight @entity1 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data collection and analyses were performed according to the methods of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. MAIN RESULTS: Five studies enrolling 387 @entity1 compared @entity3917 to @entity400 . No study reported on weight at three or six months. In one study (n = 40) there was no statistically significant difference in weight at four months between the @entity3917 and the @entity400 groups. In another study (n = 62) the ratio of day-night activity prior to discharge favoured the @entity3917 group (mean difference 0.18, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.19) indicating 18% more activity during day than night in the @entity3917 group compared to the @entity400 group. Two studies (n = 189) reported on @entity989 (stage >=  3). There was no statistically significant difference between the @entity3917 and @entity400 groups (typical RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.11, I(2) = 0%; typical RD -0.09, 95% CI -0.19 to 0.01, I(2) = 0%).Two studies enrolling 82 @entity1 compared @entity3917 to CBL. One study (n = 41) reported higher mean weight at three months corrected age in @entity1 cared for in the @entity3917 nursery (P < 0.02) and lower mean number of hours spent awake in 24 hours at three months (P < 0.005). In one study (n = 41) days on a ventilator were reduced in the @entity3917 group (mean difference -18, 95% CI -31 to -5 days).For many outcomes the trends favoured @entity2132 as well as @entity3917 versus CBL. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Trials assessing the effect of @entity3917 have enrolled 469 @entity1 . Trends for many outcomes favoured @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ) compared to @entity400 ( @entity400 ) and @entity3917 compared to continuous bright light (CBL) The studies may have lacked significance due to a lack of statistical power. Future research should focus on comparing @entity3917 to @entity400 .

title: Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight XXXX .

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['ND', 'near darkness']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['CL versus ND']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['CL', 'cycled light']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity370 is an unexplained systemic @entity2883 . Bone localizations of the disease are rare. We report a maxillary localization. CASE: A 35-year-old @entity1 consulted for facial dysmorphia first observed 2 years before. This swelling was associated to @entity17795 lesions and @entity2133 . The facial asymmetry was due to maxillary gingival and @entity4 . It was associated with scarring in the legs and a purple nodular facial lesion. Lip and jaw biopsies revealed @entity2253 without @entity39 . The panoramic dental X-ray showed diffuse horizontal alveolar ridge lysis and CT scan revealed an osteolytic lesion of the right maxilla associated to a bone-condensing lesion of the left hemi-mandible. DISCUSSION: The diagnosis of @entity370 is made in case of @entity2253 without @entity39 and the ruling out of other possible diagnoses, including @entity378 . Bone involvement is rare; face and maxillary localization are extremely rare. The recommended treatment is corticosteroids. Facial remodeling surgery is not recommended.

title: [Maxillary bone XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2253 :: ('MESH:D006101', 'Disease') :: ['epithelioid and giant cell granulomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['caseous necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar swelling']

entities_list: @entity17795 :: ('MESH:D010201', 'Disease') :: ['nodular panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']