abstract: The prevalence of antibodies to the 65 kDa isoform of @entity367 decarboxylase (GADA) was compared with that of islet cell antibodies ( @entity6455 ) in 614 non- @entity6 Estonian @entity1 (314 males) aged 3-18 years representing the general population. GADA were analyzed with a radioligand assay, and @entity6455 with a standard immunofluorescence method with a detection limit of 2.5 @entity6 Foundation (JDF) units. Fourteen subjects (2.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-3.5%) tested positive for GADA (median level 10.8 relative units [RU], range 7.7-154.2 RU), while 10 (1.6%, CI 0.6-2.6%) had @entity6455 (median levels 34 JDF units, range 3-97 JDF units). Five subjects (0.8%, CI 0.1-1.5%; p = 0.03 vs GADA and 0.15 vs @entity6455 ) were double positive. The individual with the second highest GADA level (129.3 RU) and the highest @entity6455 level (97 JDF units) presented with type 1 @entity6 4 months later. A follow-up sample was obtained approximately 3-4 years after the first sampling in 14 subjects initially positive for @entity6455 and/or GADA. Four of the nine initially @entity6455 -positive @entity1 remained positive, but their levels decreased from a median of 42 to 18 JDF units (p = 0.06). Only two of the nine retested subjects initially positive for GADA remained positive in the second sample. These observations suggest that the prevalence of GADA in non- @entity6 @entity1 is of the same magnitude as that of @entity6455 . Combined positivity for both GADA and @entity6455 is less prevalent than single antibody specificities, indicating that double autoantibody positivity may have a higher predictive value for future type 1 @entity6 in the general population than either antibody separately. The evanescent character of @entity6 -associated autoantibodies in a proportion of the unaffected @entity1 implies that more subjects may experience self-restricted beta-cell damage than the number progressing to @entity66 .

title: XXXX decarboxylase and islet cell antibodies in healthy Estonian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['actual disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity367 :: (CHEBI:18237,Chemical) :: ['Glutamic acid']


abstract: The prevalence of antibodies to the 65 kDa isoform of @entity367 decarboxylase (GADA) was compared with that of islet cell antibodies ( @entity6455 ) in 614 non- @entity6 Estonian @entity1 (314 males) aged 3-18 years representing the general population. GADA were analyzed with a radioligand assay, and @entity6455 with a standard immunofluorescence method with a detection limit of 2.5 @entity6 Foundation (JDF) units. Fourteen subjects (2.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-3.5%) tested positive for GADA (median level 10.8 relative units [RU], range 7.7-154.2 RU), while 10 (1.6%, CI 0.6-2.6%) had @entity6455 (median levels 34 JDF units, range 3-97 JDF units). Five subjects (0.8%, CI 0.1-1.5%; p = 0.03 vs GADA and 0.15 vs @entity6455 ) were double positive. The individual with the second highest GADA level (129.3 RU) and the highest @entity6455 level (97 JDF units) presented with type 1 @entity6 4 months later. A follow-up sample was obtained approximately 3-4 years after the first sampling in 14 subjects initially positive for @entity6455 and/or GADA. Four of the nine initially @entity6455 -positive @entity1 remained positive, but their levels decreased from a median of 42 to 18 JDF units (p = 0.06). Only two of the nine retested subjects initially positive for GADA remained positive in the second sample. These observations suggest that the prevalence of GADA in non- @entity6 @entity1 is of the same magnitude as that of @entity6455 . Combined positivity for both GADA and @entity6455 is less prevalent than single antibody specificities, indicating that double autoantibody positivity may have a higher predictive value for future type 1 @entity6 in the general population than either antibody separately. The evanescent character of @entity6 -associated autoantibodies in a proportion of the unaffected @entity1 implies that more subjects may experience self-restricted beta-cell damage than the number progressing to @entity66 .

title: @entity367 decarboxylase and islet cell antibodies in healthy Estonian XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mucus hyper-secretion is a feature of several airways diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis, @entity565 , and @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). Since mucins are major components of mucus, the knowledge of their distribution and regulation in nasal tissues is likely to improve mucus hyper-secretion therapy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare @entity3558 gene expression at epithelial and glandular levels, and to identify potential @entity3558 expression patterns for specific upper airways pathologies. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for @entity2355 , @entity5091 , and @entity5088 - @entity26080 mucins was performed on healthy nasal mucosa (NM; n=12), bilateral @entity480 ( @entity480 ; n=38), @entity480 from @entity1577 @entity1 (n=10), and antrochoanal (AC) @entity1127 (n=11). @entity5091 , @entity5088 , @entity5089 , and @entity21826 mRNA expression were also analysed by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: @entity2355 , @entity5088 , and @entity5089 mucins were highly expressed in the epithelium and their expression pattern was similar in all @entity480 types, @entity2355 and @entity5088 being increased and @entity5089 decreased compared with NM. @entity26080 was highly detected at both epithelial and glandular levels with marked variability between groups. @entity5090 was mainly detected in glands and the expression in all polyp types was higher than in NM. Moreover, @entity5090 expression was higher in @entity480 epithelia from @entity1577 @entity1 than in bilateral @entity480 and healthy NM. Although @entity5091 expression was low, especially in AC @entity1127 , it was detected in most samples. In NM, @entity21826 and @entity26484 were scarcely detected and @entity26484 expression was restricted to glands. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity480 have a different pattern of @entity3558 expression than healthy NM and that @entity1127 (increased @entity5090 ) and AC @entity1127 (decreased @entity5091 ) have a different @entity3558 expression pattern than bilateral @entity480 .

title: XXXX genes have different expression patterns in healthy and diseased upper airway mucosa.

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['CF polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity3558 :: (100508689,Gene) :: ['Mucin']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity3620 ( @entity2615 ) is limited. Novel proteomic techno_logies can be utilized to discover changes in expression of pleural proteins that might have diagnostic value. The objective of this study was to detect protein profiles that could be used to identify @entity3620 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) mass spectrometry (MS). Pleural effusions were collected from @entity1 with confirmed @entity2615 (n = 41) and from @entity1 with effusions due to other causes ([n = 48] cancerous and non-cancerous). Samples were fractionated using anion exchange chromatography and bound to different types of ProteinChip array surfaces. All samples were also subjected to other commercially available immunoassays ( @entity1 epididymes protein 4 [ @entity3422 ], @entity1096 [ @entity1096 ], @entity36705 [ @entity36705 ], and the @entity4166 fragment [CYFRA 21-1]). Peak intensity data obtained by @entity66 were subjected to classification algorithms in order to identify potential classifier peaks. A protein peak at m/z 6614 was characterized as @entity45925 . In this setting, the sensitivity and specificity of this potential biomarker was 76 % and 69 %, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for @entity45925 was 0.755, thereby outperforming @entity1096 , @entity3422 , and CYFRA 21-1. @entity36705 performed best with an AUC of 0.860 with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 74%. Our study validates the use of @entity36705 as a diagnostic marker for @entity2615 and furthermore suggests that @entity45925 levels could be used in the future to discriminate @entity2615 from other causes of exudates.

title: Protein profiling of pleural effusions to identify @entity3620 using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SELDI-TOF', 'surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['MM', 'pleural mesothelioma', 'mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity45925 :: ('341', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein (Apo) CI', 'Apo CI']

entities_list: @entity36705 :: ('10232', 'Gene') :: ['soluble mesothelin-related proteins', 'SMRP']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['SELDI-TOF MS']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity3620 ( @entity2615 ) is limited. Novel proteomic techno_logies can be utilized to discover changes in expression of pleural proteins that might have diagnostic value. The objective of this study was to detect protein profiles that could be used to identify @entity3620 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) mass spectrometry (MS). Pleural effusions were collected from @entity1 with confirmed @entity2615 (n = 41) and from @entity1 with effusions due to other causes ([n = 48] cancerous and non-cancerous). Samples were fractionated using anion exchange chromatography and bound to different types of ProteinChip array surfaces. All samples were also subjected to other commercially available immunoassays ( @entity1 epididymes protein 4 [ @entity3422 ], @entity1096 [ @entity1096 ], @entity36705 [ @entity36705 ], and the @entity4166 fragment [CYFRA 21-1]). Peak intensity data obtained by @entity66 were subjected to classification algorithms in order to identify potential classifier peaks. A protein peak at m/z 6614 was characterized as @entity45925 . In this setting, the sensitivity and specificity of this potential biomarker was 76 % and 69 %, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for @entity45925 was 0.755, thereby outperforming @entity1096 , @entity3422 , and CYFRA 21-1. @entity36705 performed best with an AUC of 0.860 with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 74%. Our study validates the use of @entity36705 as a diagnostic marker for @entity2615 and furthermore suggests that @entity45925 levels could be used in the future to discriminate @entity2615 from other causes of exudates.

title: Protein profiling of pleural effusions to identify XXXX using @entity66 .

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and microbiological status of implants after 10 years of functional load in @entity1 treated for partial @entity5386 . METHOD: 15 @entity1 , each successfully treated with 2-6 implants ad modum Br  nemark placed in free-standing fixed prostheses, were included in the study. RESULTS: Clinical evaluation revealed similar degrees of @entity32 around teeth and implants. The @entity5951 ( @entity5951 ) was significantly greater around implants than around teeth. The mean marginal @entity604 during 10 years of functional load was comparable to that found at the time of the 5-year follow-up. 74% of the implants remained free of marginal @entity604 exceeding 1 mm. Marginal @entity604 exceeding 2 mm, was found at only 5 sites. No marked differences in bacteria were present between teeth and implants. @entity14148 , @entity2126 and P. micros were the commonest organisms detected around teeth and implants. The periodontal pathogens A. actinomycetemcomitans, @entity2523 , @entity3288 , @entity3289 , and @entity14148 , were found at implants with a marginal @entity604 of more than 2 mm. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the long-term results with implants in partially dentate @entity1 are similar to those seen in edentulous @entity1 and that no significant change occurred after 5-year follow-up over an additional period of 5 years.

title: Long-term evaluation of osseointegrated dental implants in the treatment of partly edentulous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity5386 :: ('MESH:D007575', 'Disease') :: ['edentulism']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['PPD', 'probing pocket depth']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity177 ( @entity177 ) in @entity454 is clinically important as it contributes to adequacy of dialysis, quality of life, and mortality. This study was conducted to determine the predictors of @entity177 in a national random sample of @entity1 initiating hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The study controlled for baseline variables and included major predictors. The end point was loss of @entity177 , defined as a urine volume <200 ml/24 h at approximately 1 yr of follow-up. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and P values associated with each of the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment parameters were estimated using an "adjusted" univariate analysis. Significant variables (P < 0.05) were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Predictors of @entity177 were female gender (AOR = 1.45; P < 0.001), non-white race (AOR = 1.57; P = <0.001), prior history of @entity6 (AOR = 1.82; P = 0.006), prior history of @entity712 (AOR = 1.32; P = 0.03), and time to follow-up (AOR = 1.06 per month; P = 0.03). @entity1 treated with peritoneal dialysis had a 65% lower risk of @entity177 than those on hemodialysis (AOR = 0.35; P < 0.001). Higher serum @entity460 (AOR = 0.81 per mg/dl; P = 0.05), use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (AOR = 0.68; P < 0.001). and use of a @entity460 channel blocker (AOR = 0.77; P = 0.01) were independently associated with decreased risk of @entity177 . The observations of demographic groups at risk and potentially modifiable factors and therapies have generated testable hypotheses regarding therapies that may preserve @entity177 among @entity454 @entity1 .

title: Predictors of loss of residual renal function among new dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Residual renal function', 'RRF', 'RRF loss']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if comprehensive surgical @entity5 is a better predictor of outcome than incomplete @entity5 for @entity1 with stage I noninvasive or minimally invasive ( <=3 mm) @entity189 ( @entity189 ). METHODS: Retrospective chart review was used to identify @entity1 undergoing hysterectomy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1989 to 2010. Relevant clinical and pathologic data were extracted. @entity1 with noninvasive and minimally invasive ( <=3-mm myometrial invasion) @entity189 were identified. Stage was assigned based on the 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics @entity1204 criteria. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: We identified 63 @entity1 with noninvasive or minimally invasive ( <=3 mm) @entity189 . Stages I, II, III, and IV disease were noted in 65% (41/63), 6% (4/63), 14% (9/63), and 14% (9/63) of the @entity1 , respectively. Lower stage was associated with a significantly improved disease-specific survival (P = 0.001). @entity5 , including total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, omentectomy, and peritoneal biopsies, was completed in 29% (12/41) of the @entity1 with stage I disease. There were no disease-specific deaths in the comprehensive @entity5 group. Compared with incomplete @entity5 , comprehensive @entity5 was associated with a significantly improved disease-specific survival (P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with stage I noninvasive and minimally invasive @entity189 on comprehensive @entity5 have an excellent prognosis. Adjuvant therapy may not benefit this @entity1 population.

title: Stage I noninvasive and minimally invasive XXXX : comprehensive @entity5 associated with improved survival.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive staging', 'staging']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['uterine serous carcinoma', 'USC']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['uterine serous carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if comprehensive surgical @entity5 is a better predictor of outcome than incomplete @entity5 for @entity1 with stage I noninvasive or minimally invasive ( <=3 mm) @entity189 ( @entity189 ). METHODS: Retrospective chart review was used to identify @entity1 undergoing hysterectomy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1989 to 2010. Relevant clinical and pathologic data were extracted. @entity1 with noninvasive and minimally invasive ( <=3-mm myometrial invasion) @entity189 were identified. Stage was assigned based on the 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics @entity1204 criteria. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: We identified 63 @entity1 with noninvasive or minimally invasive ( <=3 mm) @entity189 . Stages I, II, III, and IV disease were noted in 65% (41/63), 6% (4/63), 14% (9/63), and 14% (9/63) of the @entity1 , respectively. Lower stage was associated with a significantly improved disease-specific survival (P = 0.001). @entity5 , including total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, omentectomy, and peritoneal biopsies, was completed in 29% (12/41) of the @entity1 with stage I disease. There were no disease-specific deaths in the comprehensive @entity5 group. Compared with incomplete @entity5 , comprehensive @entity5 was associated with a significantly improved disease-specific survival (P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with stage I noninvasive and minimally invasive @entity189 on comprehensive @entity5 have an excellent prognosis. Adjuvant therapy may not benefit this @entity1 population.

title: Stage I noninvasive and minimally invasive @entity189 : comprehensive XXXX associated with improved survival.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['staging']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A hybrid operation is a joint procedure involving the interventional cardiologist and the cardiac surgeon concomitantly to optimize surgical management for complex @entity299 . We analyzed the feasibility and efficacy of this procedure in 20 @entity1 with @entity299 . METHODS: Data from 20 @entity1 who underwent intraoperative hybrid procedures from March to October 2005 were analyzed. Two groups were identified: (1) Balloon valvuloplasty group: @entity1146 with intact @entity67 in neonate (n = 3) and severe @entity849 in @entity1 (n = 4); (2) Device closure group: @entity118 ( @entity118 ) in @entity1 (n = 7), adult @entity118 (n = 3) and multiple @entity1757 ( @entity1757 , n = 3). @entity384 under the guidance of echocardiography together with modified Blalock-Taussig shunt procedure and PDA ligation were applied to @entity1 in balloon valvuloplasty group. For @entity118 @entity1 , the occluder was placed via right atria after opening the chest either with median sternotomy (4 case) or with submaxillary minimally invasive incision (6 cases), PDA ligation was performed in 1 @entity1 and 2 coronary artery bypass surgeries were performed in 2 adult @entity118 @entity1 complicating CHD. For multiple @entity1757 , perimembranous @entity1757 was closed surgically and muscular @entity1757 closed by occluder via tricuspid valve approach under cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS: All operations were successful and 1 @entity1 received another conventional valvuloplasty due to the @entity358 after @entity661 @entity1 's muscular @entity1757 was closed by conventional procedure after unsuccessful device closure. No device-related complications were found during follow-up (1-6 months). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that intraoperative hybrid procedure was feasible and effective in selected @entity1 with @entity299 .

title: [Effects of intraoperative hybrid procedures for the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septum defect']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary restenosis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['initial balloon valvuloplasty and 1']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septum defects', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septum']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features of primary @entity4617 . METHODS: Eleven cases of primary @entity5 collected from Fuwai Hospital during the period from 1983 to 2005 were enrolled into the study. The @entity5 were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 and Weigert-Van Gieson stain. Immunohistochemistry was also carried out in selected examples. RESULTS: Primary @entity4617 were uncommon and accounted for only 3% (11/426) of all primary @entity4617 . Most of them (10/11) were benign and @entity5 was rarely encountered (1/11). The @entity5 subtypes included papillary fibroelastoma (4/11), cavernous @entity2695 (4/11), @entity5 (1/11), @entity5426 (1/11) and @entity4607 (1/11). Of the 11 @entity5 studied, 4 involved the tricuspid valve, 4 involved the mitral valve, 2 involved the pulmonary valve and 1 involved the aortic valve. The diagnosis was established by preoperative echocardiography in 7 @entity1 . The remaining 4 cases were either misdiagnosed or undiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative diagnosis of primary @entity4617 can be difficult due to lack of detailed information related to this group of lesions. Although @entity4617 carry a good prognosis, the clinical outcome may be disastrous as a result of hemodynamic disturbances. Intraoperative frozen section examination is advisable for guiding proper surgical management.

title: [Clinicopathologic studies of 11 cases of primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['valve tumors', 'tumor', 'glomus tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['benign cardiac valve tumors', 'cardiac tumors', 'cardiac valve tumors']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma']

answer: @entity4617 :: (MESH:D006338,Disease) :: ['cardiac valve tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate retinal reperfusion, @entity254 , and compensation following radial optic neurotomy for @entity63 nonperfused central @entity2994 . METHODS: Prospective, non-comparative, interventional case series of 13 @entity1 with @entity63 , nonperfused central @entity2994 who underwent decompression surgery with a radial optic neurotomy and adjunctive intraocular @entity2713 . @entity1 were followed for 1 year after surgery, and were analyzed in the preoperative and postoperative stages determining: visual acuity by ETDRS chart (LogMar) and retinal thickness with optical coherence tomography. Fluorescein angiography was performed at regular intervals to evaluate the capillary perfusion grade. Intraocular pressure was measured and fundus was examined. RESULTS: Visual acuity and retinal thickness improved in 10/13 (77%) @entity1 after surgery at 1-year follow-up. Adequate retinal reperfusion was achieved in ten of the 13 eyes. Acute reperfusion occurred in six eyes within 2 weeks of surgery and a shunt vessel at the optic disk developed in four eyes within 4 months. In the remaining three eyes, retinal reperfusion was not observed by @entity941 angiography. No complications were noted in any of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Surgical decompression promoted mechanical reperfusion of the occluded vessel in 10/13 (77%) cases. In 6/13 @entity1 (46%) reperfusion occurred within 2 weeks of surgery, and in 4/13 @entity1 (31%) collateral vessels formed within 4 months.

title: Venous retinal flow reperfusion mechanisms following radial optic neurotomy with adjunctive intraocular XXXX in central @entity2994 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2713 :: (MESH:D014221,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate retinal reperfusion, @entity254 , and compensation following radial optic neurotomy for @entity63 nonperfused central @entity2994 . METHODS: Prospective, non-comparative, interventional case series of 13 @entity1 with @entity63 , nonperfused central @entity2994 who underwent decompression surgery with a radial optic neurotomy and adjunctive intraocular @entity2713 . @entity1 were followed for 1 year after surgery, and were analyzed in the preoperative and postoperative stages determining: visual acuity by ETDRS chart (LogMar) and retinal thickness with optical coherence tomography. Fluorescein angiography was performed at regular intervals to evaluate the capillary perfusion grade. Intraocular pressure was measured and fundus was examined. RESULTS: Visual acuity and retinal thickness improved in 10/13 (77%) @entity1 after surgery at 1-year follow-up. Adequate retinal reperfusion was achieved in ten of the 13 eyes. Acute reperfusion occurred in six eyes within 2 weeks of surgery and a shunt vessel at the optic disk developed in four eyes within 4 months. In the remaining three eyes, retinal reperfusion was not observed by @entity941 angiography. No complications were noted in any of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Surgical decompression promoted mechanical reperfusion of the occluded vessel in 10/13 (77%) cases. In 6/13 @entity1 (46%) reperfusion occurred within 2 weeks of surgery, and in 4/13 @entity1 (31%) collateral vessels formed within 4 months.

title: Venous retinal flow reperfusion mechanisms following radial optic neurotomy with adjunctive intraocular @entity2713 in central XXXX .

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: A method has been validated, according to the Guidelines of the @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ), for precise quantitation of the biological activity of recombinant @entity1 nerve growth factor (rhNGF) for lot release testing. The assay is based on the survival of a subclone of @entity35 @entity1911 PC12 cells (PC12-CF) in response to rhNGF. Cell survival is measured by monitoring the reduction, by living cells, of the alamarBlue dye into a red form which is highly fluorescent. The assay is simple, has high throughput (performed in 96-well microtiter plates) and shows reproducible dose-response curves in the concentration range of 0.2-50 ng/ml. The method was validated for its linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and to meet current regulatory requirements. The assay demonstrated good linearity, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.9902. Sample recovery studies demonstrated an accuracy ranging from 96 to 98%. The repeatability of the assay and intermediate precision had coefficients of variation (CV) of <9%. The assay was stability-indicating since it was able to detect changes in rhNGF samples degraded by protease treatment and in a number of isolated rhNGF variants. Robustness was demonstrated by the relative insensitivity of the assay to small deliberate changes in key method parameters. The validation data, provided in this manuscript, indicate that the newly described bioassay for rhNGF is robust, accurate, precise, and suitable for lot release potency testing of rhNGF.

title: Validation of a XXXX @entity1911 (PC12)-based cell survival assay for determining biological potency of recombinant @entity1 nerve growth factor.

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['International Conference on Harmonization', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A method has been validated, according to the Guidelines of the @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ), for precise quantitation of the biological activity of recombinant @entity1 nerve growth factor (rhNGF) for lot release testing. The assay is based on the survival of a subclone of @entity35 @entity1911 PC12 cells (PC12-CF) in response to rhNGF. Cell survival is measured by monitoring the reduction, by living cells, of the alamarBlue dye into a red form which is highly fluorescent. The assay is simple, has high throughput (performed in 96-well microtiter plates) and shows reproducible dose-response curves in the concentration range of 0.2-50 ng/ml. The method was validated for its linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and to meet current regulatory requirements. The assay demonstrated good linearity, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.9902. Sample recovery studies demonstrated an accuracy ranging from 96 to 98%. The repeatability of the assay and intermediate precision had coefficients of variation (CV) of <9%. The assay was stability-indicating since it was able to detect changes in rhNGF samples degraded by protease treatment and in a number of isolated rhNGF variants. Robustness was demonstrated by the relative insensitivity of the assay to small deliberate changes in key method parameters. The validation data, provided in this manuscript, indicate that the newly described bioassay for rhNGF is robust, accurate, precise, and suitable for lot release potency testing of rhNGF.

title: Validation of a @entity35 XXXX (PC12)-based cell survival assay for determining biological potency of recombinant @entity1 nerve growth factor.

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: A method has been validated, according to the Guidelines of the @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ), for precise quantitation of the biological activity of recombinant @entity1 nerve growth factor (rhNGF) for lot release testing. The assay is based on the survival of a subclone of @entity35 @entity1911 PC12 cells (PC12-CF) in response to rhNGF. Cell survival is measured by monitoring the reduction, by living cells, of the alamarBlue dye into a red form which is highly fluorescent. The assay is simple, has high throughput (performed in 96-well microtiter plates) and shows reproducible dose-response curves in the concentration range of 0.2-50 ng/ml. The method was validated for its linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and to meet current regulatory requirements. The assay demonstrated good linearity, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.9902. Sample recovery studies demonstrated an accuracy ranging from 96 to 98%. The repeatability of the assay and intermediate precision had coefficients of variation (CV) of <9%. The assay was stability-indicating since it was able to detect changes in rhNGF samples degraded by protease treatment and in a number of isolated rhNGF variants. Robustness was demonstrated by the relative insensitivity of the assay to small deliberate changes in key method parameters. The validation data, provided in this manuscript, indicate that the newly described bioassay for rhNGF is robust, accurate, precise, and suitable for lot release potency testing of rhNGF.

title: Validation of a @entity35 @entity1911 (PC12)-based cell survival assay for determining biological potency of recombinant XXXX nerve growth factor.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prediction of the ventricular remodeling process after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) may have important clinical implications. OBJECTIVE: To analyze echocardiographic variables predictors of remodeling in the @entity1188 model in @entity35 . MEHTODS: The animals underwent echocardiography in two moments, five days and three months after @entity1188 ( @entity583 group) or sham surgery (control group). Linear regression was used to identify the echocardiographic variables on the fifth day after the @entity1188 , which were predictive of remodeling after three months of @entity1563 . We considered as a criterion of remodeling in this study, the values of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) after three months of @entity1188 . RESULTS: The @entity1188 induced increase in the left chambers, associated with changes in systolic and diastolic functions. The variables body weight, left ventricular wall stress index (LVWSI), systolic area (SA), diastolic area (DA), @entity1002 , left ventricular systolic diameter (LVSD), @entity853 ( @entity853 ), ejection fraction (EF), percent of endocardial shortening (%Short), posterior wall shortening velocity (PWSV) and @entity1188 size assessed five days after @entity1188 were predictors of @entity1002 after three months. At the multivariate regression analysis, we included the size of @entity1188 , the LVWSI and PWSV. The LVWSI (coefficient: 4.402, standard error: 2.221, p = 0.05), but not the size of @entity1188 and PWSV, was a predictor of remodeling after three months of @entity1188 . CONCLUSION: LVPSI was an independent predictor of remodeling three months after the @entity583 and could be included in the clinical stratification after the @entity1563 .

title: Echocardiographic predictors of ventricular remodeling after XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'area variation fraction']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVDD', 'left ventricular diastolic diameter']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prediction of the ventricular remodeling process after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) may have important clinical implications. OBJECTIVE: To analyze echocardiographic variables predictors of remodeling in the @entity1188 model in @entity35 . MEHTODS: The animals underwent echocardiography in two moments, five days and three months after @entity1188 ( @entity583 group) or sham surgery (control group). Linear regression was used to identify the echocardiographic variables on the fifth day after the @entity1188 , which were predictive of remodeling after three months of @entity1563 . We considered as a criterion of remodeling in this study, the values of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) after three months of @entity1188 . RESULTS: The @entity1188 induced increase in the left chambers, associated with changes in systolic and diastolic functions. The variables body weight, left ventricular wall stress index (LVWSI), systolic area (SA), diastolic area (DA), @entity1002 , left ventricular systolic diameter (LVSD), @entity853 ( @entity853 ), ejection fraction (EF), percent of endocardial shortening (%Short), posterior wall shortening velocity (PWSV) and @entity1188 size assessed five days after @entity1188 were predictors of @entity1002 after three months. At the multivariate regression analysis, we included the size of @entity1188 , the LVWSI and PWSV. The LVWSI (coefficient: 4.402, standard error: 2.221, p = 0.05), but not the size of @entity1188 and PWSV, was a predictor of remodeling after three months of @entity1188 . CONCLUSION: LVPSI was an independent predictor of remodeling three months after the @entity583 and could be included in the clinical stratification after the @entity1563 .

title: Echocardiographic predictors of ventricular remodeling after @entity583 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 are very rare in Mexico. They ussually present as @entity1442 because it is extremely difficult to make an early diagnosis; in addition, its treatment is complicated by a variety of lesions. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, but its relative therapeutic value compared with alternative treatments is controversial. OBJECTIVE: We undertook a retrospective analysis in order to evaluate results of craniofacial resections for sinonasal @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 were considered, median age was 49 years (18-74). Eleven had received previous treatment elsewhere. In 13 @entity1 @entity5 was limited to maxillo-ethmoid complex, but in 6 cases @entity5 involved anteroinferior aspect of sphenoid sinus, in 7 extended to the orbit, in 3 to dura and two to the brain. One had cervical @entity3 . Median tumoral size was 5.8 cm (1-10). RESULTS: Overall complication rate was 50%. Major surgical complications occurred in 4 @entity1 (20%): one @entity1 developed isolated @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ), 1 developed deterioration of mental status, and two developed @entity693 associated with @entity5173 . Late complications occurred in 30% of the @entity1 . There was not any operative @entity204 . Eleven @entity1 received postoperative radiotherapy. Fifteen @entity1 recurred. There were 11 local relapses, although one associated with a regional relapse, and another with regional and distant relapse. There were four isolated regional fails and six isolated distant failures. Three year overall survival was 65%, and 3-year disease free survival was 50%. @entity1 without previous treatment median survival was 28.3 months, meanwhile with previous treatment was 18.2 months. CONCLUSIONS: Craniofacial resection is a safe and valuable tool in the treatment of advanced sinonasal @entity5 involving cranial base.

title: Craniofacial resection for sinunasal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Malignant sinonasal tumors']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage', 'CEFL']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Heterogeneous fluorescence intensity decays of @entity2340 in proteins are often rationalized using a model which proposes that different rotameric states of the @entity104 alanyl side-chain are responsible for the observed fluorescence lifetime heterogeneity. We present here the study of a mutant of @entity7136 parvalbumin bearing a single @entity2340 residue at position 102 ( @entity72386 ) whose fluorescence intensity decay is heterogeneous and assess the applicability of a rotamer model to describe the fluorescence decay data. We have determined the solution structure of @entity72386 in the @entity460 ligated state using multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and have used the minimum perturbation mapping technique to explore the possible existence of multiple conformations of the @entity104 moiety of Trp102 of @entity72386 and, for comparison, Trp48 of holo-azurin. The maps for parvalbumin suggest two potential conformations of the @entity104 side-chain. The high energy barrier for rotational isomerization between these conformers implies that interwell rotation would occur on time-scales of milliseconds or greater and suggests a rotamer basis for the heterogeneous fluorescence. However, the absence of alternate Trp102 conformers in the NMR data (to within 3 % of the dominant species) suggests that the heterogeneous fluorescence of Trp102 may arise from mechanisms independent of rotameric states of the Trp side-chain. The map for holo-azurin has only one conformation, and suggests a rotamer model may not be required to explain its heterogeneous fluorescence intensity decay. The backbone and Trp102 side-chain dynamics at 30 degrees C of @entity72386 has been characterized based on an analysis of @entity13140 NMR relaxation data which we have interpreted using the Lipari-Szabo formalism. High order parameter (S(2)) values were obtained for both the helical and loop regions. Additionally, the S(2) values imply that the @entity460 binding CD and EF loops are not strictly equivalent. The S(2) value for the @entity104 side-chain of Trp102 obtained from the fluorescence, NMR relaxation and minimum perturbation data are consistent with a Trp moiety whose motion is restricted.

title: Structure-fluorescence correlations in a single XXXX mutant of @entity7136 parvalbumin: solution structure, backbone and side-chain dynamics.

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: Heterogeneous fluorescence intensity decays of @entity2340 in proteins are often rationalized using a model which proposes that different rotameric states of the @entity104 alanyl side-chain are responsible for the observed fluorescence lifetime heterogeneity. We present here the study of a mutant of @entity7136 parvalbumin bearing a single @entity2340 residue at position 102 ( @entity72386 ) whose fluorescence intensity decay is heterogeneous and assess the applicability of a rotamer model to describe the fluorescence decay data. We have determined the solution structure of @entity72386 in the @entity460 ligated state using multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and have used the minimum perturbation mapping technique to explore the possible existence of multiple conformations of the @entity104 moiety of Trp102 of @entity72386 and, for comparison, Trp48 of holo-azurin. The maps for parvalbumin suggest two potential conformations of the @entity104 side-chain. The high energy barrier for rotational isomerization between these conformers implies that interwell rotation would occur on time-scales of milliseconds or greater and suggests a rotamer basis for the heterogeneous fluorescence. However, the absence of alternate Trp102 conformers in the NMR data (to within 3 % of the dominant species) suggests that the heterogeneous fluorescence of Trp102 may arise from mechanisms independent of rotameric states of the Trp side-chain. The map for holo-azurin has only one conformation, and suggests a rotamer model may not be required to explain its heterogeneous fluorescence intensity decay. The backbone and Trp102 side-chain dynamics at 30 degrees C of @entity72386 has been characterized based on an analysis of @entity13140 NMR relaxation data which we have interpreted using the Lipari-Szabo formalism. High order parameter (S(2)) values were obtained for both the helical and loop regions. Additionally, the S(2) values imply that the @entity460 binding CD and EF loops are not strictly equivalent. The S(2) value for the @entity104 side-chain of Trp102 obtained from the fluorescence, NMR relaxation and minimum perturbation data are consistent with a Trp moiety whose motion is restricted.

title: Structure-fluorescence correlations in a single @entity2340 mutant of XXXX parvalbumin: solution structure, backbone and side-chain dynamics.

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['carp']


abstract: Three hundred and twenty-seven @entity1 with inoperable @entity957 of the head and neck were entered on a randomized study comparing a mixture of neutron and photon ("mixed beam") radiation therapy with photon/electron radiation therapy. Neutron treatment was delivered with fixed-beam, physics-laboratory-based equipment. @entity1 with histologically proven @entity5 of T-stage T2, T3, or T4 and any N-stage were eligible for randomization. Primary @entity5 sites were limited to @entity5 originating in the oral cavity, oropharynx, supraglottic larynx, or hypopharynx. @entity1 entered on this study now have a minimum at-risk follow-up period of 6 years. Study results reveal no significant differences in overall loco-regional @entity5 control rates or survival. Subgroup analysis reveals significant differences based on whether or not @entity1 presented with positive lymph nodes. Loco-regional @entity5 control rates for @entity1 presenting with positive lymph nodes were 30% for mixed-beam-treated @entity1 versus 18% for photon-treated @entity1 (p = 0.05). Loco-regional @entity5 control rates for @entity1 presenting without positive lymph nodes were 64% for photon-treated @entity1 and 33% for mixed-beam-treated @entity1 (p = 0.004). Control of @entity5 located in the nodal sites favored mixed beam over photons by a margin of 45% (49/109) to 26% (23/87) with a significance of p = 0.004. Possible explanations for these contradictory findings are discussed.

title: Mixed neutron/photon irradiation of unresectable XXXX of the head and neck: the final report of a randomized cooperative trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity420 ( @entity420 ) is a particular @entity5 entity because two substantially different surgical procedures are required according to the location. There is no difference in long-term prognosis between the @entity5 types in spite of the different surgical procedures. We were interested to evaluate the clinical and pathological prognostic factors of the AEGs which were operated in our department. @entity1 AND METHODS: 108 @entity1 were operated for @entity420 between 1.1.2000 and 1.4.2006 in our institution. 32 (29.6 %) @entity1 with @entity418 (type I according to Siewert) underwent a transthoracic esophagectomy with gastric pull-up and two-field lymphadenectomy. 57 (52.8 %) @entity1 with type II and 19 (17.6 %) @entity1 with @entity5 received an extended gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. The retrospective analysis was focused on clinical and pathological parameters. Possible differences between the @entity5 types were also evaluated. Median follow-up was 11.4 months (range: 1-57 months). RESULTS: Follow-up data were complete for 107 @entity1 . A median survival of 17.4 +/- 3.25 months and a cumulative survival of 30 % were independent of the @entity5 location and the surgical procedure. Overall hospital mortality was 3.7 %. The univariate analysis showed that survival was significantly associated with the T category, lymph node status, lymphangio- and angioinvasion and @entity5 grading. In the multivariate analysis, only lymph node status was identified as an independent prognosis factor for survival. Where-as the R status was not a prognostic factor per se, how-ever, @entity1 with an R0 situation without lymphangio- and angioinvasion had a significantly better survival compared to all other @entity1 (p = 0.001). An increased angioinvasion rate was observed in @entity5 (52.6 %) in comparison to type I (21.9 %) and type II (21.1 %) @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The prognostic factors of our @entity1 determined substantially the prognosis of the @entity1 . @entity1 with lymph- or haemangioinvasion should regarded as high-risk @entity1 independent of the R status. Close oncological follow-up including potential adjuvant treatment in these @entity1 is recommended.

title: [Clinical and pathological prognostic factors for XXXX of the esophagogastric junction].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['type III tumours', 'tumours', 'type III cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AEG', 'Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['distal esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bevacizumab (Avastin, Fa. Roche, Genentech) is the first anti-angiogenic agent to be approved for the routine clinical treatment of @entity5 . Its @entity137 profile is different to that of standard chemotherapeutic substances. Despite the rarity of gastrointestinal (GI) perforation in @entity1 treated with bevacizumab, this serious adverse event results in significant morbidity and mortality. It was the aim of this study, based on exemplary cases of the reporting clinic as well as on published experiences, to characterise the specific clinical findings, the extraordinary pathogenesis, and the therapeutic outcome of such cases of @entity298 caused by perforation after antibody treatment. METHODS: Data of all @entity1 with perforation-caused @entity298 due to bevacizumab therapy since its clinical inauguration were sought in i) the database of the reporting clinic (case series), ii) in the published literature for comparison (historical comparative group) and iii) analysed with regard to results of the surgical management (evaluated parameters: rate of @entity1949 of wound healing, morbidity, mortality). RESULTS: Over a time period of 4 years (from 2 / 1 / 2004 to 1 / 31 / 2008), overall 15 @entity1 were found in this study, among whom 4 @entity1 came from the reporting clinic (mean age, 57 years; males : females = 2 : 2). The mean duration of antibody (Ab) treatment until occurrence of the complication was 70 days (range: 8-150 days). Thirteen @entity1 underwent surgical intervention, 2 @entity1 died due to severe @entity298 without any operation. The overall morbidity was 73.3 % (n = 11 / 15), the mortality was 33.3 % (n = 5 / 15). All @entity1 with an @entity254 developed an @entity1887 (100 %). @entity532 occurred in 38.5 % of the subjects (n = 5 / 13). CONCLUSIONS: @entity298 after @entity344 due to bevacizumab-based Ab treatment needs to be considered as a rare but serious and life-threatening complication. Impairment of wound healing because of the inhibition of angiogenesis is the reason for a different management of @entity344 under these conditions compared with the standard surgical treatment of @entity298 of other causes. In particular, it is recommended to avoid primary @entity254 and to prefer application of an intestinal stoma.

title: [Surgical management of bevacizumab-associated XXXX due to perforation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic insufficiency / disturbances']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Wound healing complications']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI perforation']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are generally contraindicated in @entity6 @entity1 due to the risk of disrupting @entity413 control leading to acute decompensation. In some cases however, @entity228 therapy can be beneficial if given early with a well-controlled regimen. @entity413 disequilibrium after withdrawal can be anticipated with proper knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of the glucocorticoid used. FOR @entity1 WITH TYPE I DIABETES: Ketose @entity520 is a real risk in these @entity1 . Insulin dose must be increased and the administration scheme optimized. FOR @entity1 WITH TYPE II DIABETES: Whether oral drugs should be continued is a question of debate, excepting cases where the underlying disease might cause acute decompensation requiring insulin. Outside this situation, oral drugs can be continued at a higher dose if the fasting serum @entity413 is below 2 g/L. Finally, it is important to recognized @entity134 -induced @entity6 in order to initiate proper antidiabetic measures. FOR ALL @entity1 : The @entity413 curve is reproducible. Basically, the postprandial level rises, warranting repeated insulin injections. Rapid-release analogs and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors appear to be promising; @entity37005 affect insulin resistance.

title: [Management of XXXX during corticosteroid therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity37005 :: ('MESH:D001645', 'Chemical') :: ['biguanides']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The aim of the present work is to improve the sensitivity in the RPLC determination of @entity1033 [ @entity1033 ] ( @entity3073 ) and @entity2774 , the major impurity of the drug synthesis and one of the compounds found in the chemical degradation process of ACV. The method was applied to the quantification of drug in liposomal formulations. The most important problem for RPLC analysis of both compounds are their high pKa values, mainly @entity2774 , and the interaction with reactive @entity1039 groups in the stationary phase. In order to avoid these problems there are four basic strategies: (i) ionic pair reagents, (ii) deactivated @entity3440 columns, (iii) polymeric based columns and (iv) @entity1039 masking agents. A validation protocol was followed to develop the analytical method, using a Spherisorb ODS (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.) analytical column, with a mobile phase of 95% aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and 5% HPLC @entity1042 pumped isocratically at 1.3 ml/ @entity1009 ), with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The results showed a high reproducibility in retention time value, with R.S.D. of 2.37% for ACV and 0.32% for @entity2774 . The lowest concentration levels assayed, 0.15 microg/ml(-1) for @entity2774 and 1 microg/ml(-1) for ACV, showed good R.S.D. in the quantification parameter (peak area) 11.0% ( @entity2774 ) and 9.64% (ACV)

title: Improved RPLC determination of XXXX using hexylamine as @entity1039 masking agent.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['9-(2-hydroxy ethoxymethyl) guanine', 'acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

answer: @entity1033 :: (MESH:D000212,Chemical) :: ['acyclovir']


abstract: The aim of the present work is to improve the sensitivity in the RPLC determination of @entity1033 [ @entity1033 ] ( @entity3073 ) and @entity2774 , the major impurity of the drug synthesis and one of the compounds found in the chemical degradation process of ACV. The method was applied to the quantification of drug in liposomal formulations. The most important problem for RPLC analysis of both compounds are their high pKa values, mainly @entity2774 , and the interaction with reactive @entity1039 groups in the stationary phase. In order to avoid these problems there are four basic strategies: (i) ionic pair reagents, (ii) deactivated @entity3440 columns, (iii) polymeric based columns and (iv) @entity1039 masking agents. A validation protocol was followed to develop the analytical method, using a Spherisorb ODS (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.) analytical column, with a mobile phase of 95% aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and 5% HPLC @entity1042 pumped isocratically at 1.3 ml/ @entity1009 ), with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The results showed a high reproducibility in retention time value, with R.S.D. of 2.37% for ACV and 0.32% for @entity2774 . The lowest concentration levels assayed, 0.15 microg/ml(-1) for @entity2774 and 1 microg/ml(-1) for ACV, showed good R.S.D. in the quantification parameter (peak area) 11.0% ( @entity2774 ) and 9.64% (ACV)

title: Improved RPLC determination of @entity1033 using hexylamine as XXXX masking agent.

answer: @entity1039 :: (MESH:C082343,Chemical) :: ['silanol']


abstract: The mechanism of @entity375 @entity7222 decarboxylase (ODC) regulation in response to @entity4663 was examined. ODC catalyzes the first step of @entity4664 biosynthesis, the conversion of @entity7222 to @entity7224 . ODC activity was modulated approximately 200-fold by varying the availability of @entity4663 . Variations in ODC activity were associated with parallel changes in the amount of active enzyme molecules. Regulation of ODC activity did not appear to be mediated by changes in the stability of the enzyme. The half-life of ODC was approximately 75 min and was unaffected by the availability of @entity4663 . @entity4663 had no demonstrable effect on the transcriptional or translational stages of ODC expression. The amount of ODC mRNA and the number of ribosomes associated with the mRNA were constant despite the variations in ODC activity. Unlike translationally controlled genes, the regulation of ODC expression did not require either the 5'- or the 3'-untranslated regions of the ODC gene transcript. While gene dosage experiments indicated that negative trans-acting factors are involved in control of ODC expression, these implied factors did not appear to affect translation of ODC mRNA. The results are interpreted to suggest that @entity4663 regulate ODC expression at a post-translational step prior to assembly of the active form of the enzyme.

title: Regulation of @entity375 @entity7222 decarboxylase expression in response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyamines', 'polyamines']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

answer: @entity4664 :: (CHEBI:60143,Chemical) :: ['polyamine']


abstract: The mechanism of @entity375 @entity7222 decarboxylase (ODC) regulation in response to @entity4663 was examined. ODC catalyzes the first step of @entity4664 biosynthesis, the conversion of @entity7222 to @entity7224 . ODC activity was modulated approximately 200-fold by varying the availability of @entity4663 . Variations in ODC activity were associated with parallel changes in the amount of active enzyme molecules. Regulation of ODC activity did not appear to be mediated by changes in the stability of the enzyme. The half-life of ODC was approximately 75 min and was unaffected by the availability of @entity4663 . @entity4663 had no demonstrable effect on the transcriptional or translational stages of ODC expression. The amount of ODC mRNA and the number of ribosomes associated with the mRNA were constant despite the variations in ODC activity. Unlike translationally controlled genes, the regulation of ODC expression did not require either the 5'- or the 3'-untranslated regions of the ODC gene transcript. While gene dosage experiments indicated that negative trans-acting factors are involved in control of ODC expression, these implied factors did not appear to affect translation of ODC mRNA. The results are interpreted to suggest that @entity4663 regulate ODC expression at a post-translational step prior to assembly of the active form of the enzyme.

title: Regulation of XXXX @entity7222 decarboxylase expression in response to @entity4664 .

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: The mechanism of @entity375 @entity7222 decarboxylase (ODC) regulation in response to @entity4663 was examined. ODC catalyzes the first step of @entity4664 biosynthesis, the conversion of @entity7222 to @entity7224 . ODC activity was modulated approximately 200-fold by varying the availability of @entity4663 . Variations in ODC activity were associated with parallel changes in the amount of active enzyme molecules. Regulation of ODC activity did not appear to be mediated by changes in the stability of the enzyme. The half-life of ODC was approximately 75 min and was unaffected by the availability of @entity4663 . @entity4663 had no demonstrable effect on the transcriptional or translational stages of ODC expression. The amount of ODC mRNA and the number of ribosomes associated with the mRNA were constant despite the variations in ODC activity. Unlike translationally controlled genes, the regulation of ODC expression did not require either the 5'- or the 3'-untranslated regions of the ODC gene transcript. While gene dosage experiments indicated that negative trans-acting factors are involved in control of ODC expression, these implied factors did not appear to affect translation of ODC mRNA. The results are interpreted to suggest that @entity4663 regulate ODC expression at a post-translational step prior to assembly of the active form of the enzyme.

title: Regulation of @entity375 XXXX decarboxylase expression in response to @entity4664 .

answer: @entity7222 :: (CHEBI:18257,Chemical) :: ['ornithine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: King (1996) reported that a combination of emotional, organic and neuropsychological measures taken at 7-10 days following mild and moderate @entity542 may significantly help predict @entity1 most likely to suffer persisting post-concussion symptoms (PCS) at three months @entity130 . This study investigated a cross-validation sample (N = 57) to determine whether the results would be replicated for the early prediction of longer-term sufferers (i.e. those with persisting symptoms at 6 months @entity130 ). DESIGN: Multiple regression analyses were used in which scores on the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, Impact of Event Scale, Short Orientation Memory and Concentration Test, Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and Post-Traumatic @entity2730 taken at 7-10 days @entity130 were the independent measures. Scoring on the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire taken at 6 months @entity130 was the dependent measure. METHODS: Sixty-six consecutive @entity1 admitted to any @entity130 ward in Oxfordshire with a mild or moderate @entity542 were recruited from a largescale randomized controlled sample. The assessment measures were administered at 7-10 days @entity130 and the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire at 6 months @entity130 . Nine @entity1 were unable to be followed up, leaving an active sample of 57. RESULTS: The cross-validation data confirmed that a similar combination of measures to that found in the original study best predicted persisting PCS but that the strength of prediction diminished for the longer term prediction (i.e. 6 months @entity130 ). CONCLUSIONS: The Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, Impact of Even Scale and Post-Traumatic @entity2730 in combination are recommended as useful prognostic screening instruments for predicting persisting PCS, but great caution is required if they are used to aid predictions beyond 3 months @entity130 .

title: Early prediction of persisting post-concussion symptoms following mild and moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injuries']


abstract: The goal of this study was to determine if high-dose @entity888 treatment altered presynaptic immunoreactivity for the @entity535 neurotransmitters @entity1246 and @entity2227 within the basal ganglia. @entity888 (15 mg/kg every 6 h, four doses) treatment in @entity35 resulted in severe @entity221 and a long-lasting (four weeks) depletion of striatal @entity935 content (>80%). Severe @entity935 loss correlated with a decrease in the density of presynaptic immunolabeling for @entity1246 one week post-drug, and an increase after four weeks. Although no changes were seen in presynaptic striatal @entity2227 immunoreactivity, there was a significant increase in the percentage of @entity2227 -immuno-positive terminals associated with perforated postsynaptic densities. @entity35 given the same dose of @entity888 but prevented from becoming hyperthermic showed less severe @entity935 depletions and a lack of ultrastructural or immunocytochemical changes. In addition, induction of @entity221 in the absence of drug decreased immunolabeling within mitochondria, but had no effect on @entity935 content, morphology or nerve terminal immunoreactivity. Altered presynaptic @entity1246 immunolabeling and terminal size were found in both the striatum and globus pallidus, suggesting that dynamic changes occur in the striatopallidal pathway following @entity888 -induced @entity935 loss. In addition, ultrastructural changes in @entity2227 -positive synapses which have been correlated with increased synaptic activity were found. These results are similar to changes in @entity1246 and @entity2227 synapses that follow nigrostriatal @entity935 loss in @entity2955 -lesioned animals and in @entity191 , and provide the first direct evidence that @entity888 -induced @entity935 loss alters the GABAergic striatopallidal pathway. Exposure to either @entity888 or prolonged @entity590 decreased mitochondrial Immunoreactivity, indicating that @entity221 may contribute to @entity888 @entity137 by affecting energy stores.

title: High-dose @entity888 treatment alters presynaptic @entity1246 and XXXX immunoreactivity.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['Methamphetamine', 'methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpyrexia']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: The goal of this study was to determine if high-dose @entity888 treatment altered presynaptic immunoreactivity for the @entity535 neurotransmitters @entity1246 and @entity2227 within the basal ganglia. @entity888 (15 mg/kg every 6 h, four doses) treatment in @entity35 resulted in severe @entity221 and a long-lasting (four weeks) depletion of striatal @entity935 content (>80%). Severe @entity935 loss correlated with a decrease in the density of presynaptic immunolabeling for @entity1246 one week post-drug, and an increase after four weeks. Although no changes were seen in presynaptic striatal @entity2227 immunoreactivity, there was a significant increase in the percentage of @entity2227 -immuno-positive terminals associated with perforated postsynaptic densities. @entity35 given the same dose of @entity888 but prevented from becoming hyperthermic showed less severe @entity935 depletions and a lack of ultrastructural or immunocytochemical changes. In addition, induction of @entity221 in the absence of drug decreased immunolabeling within mitochondria, but had no effect on @entity935 content, morphology or nerve terminal immunoreactivity. Altered presynaptic @entity1246 immunolabeling and terminal size were found in both the striatum and globus pallidus, suggesting that dynamic changes occur in the striatopallidal pathway following @entity888 -induced @entity935 loss. In addition, ultrastructural changes in @entity2227 -positive synapses which have been correlated with increased synaptic activity were found. These results are similar to changes in @entity1246 and @entity2227 synapses that follow nigrostriatal @entity935 loss in @entity2955 -lesioned animals and in @entity191 , and provide the first direct evidence that @entity888 -induced @entity935 loss alters the GABAergic striatopallidal pathway. Exposure to either @entity888 or prolonged @entity590 decreased mitochondrial Immunoreactivity, indicating that @entity221 may contribute to @entity888 @entity137 by affecting energy stores.

title: High-dose XXXX treatment alters presynaptic @entity1246 and @entity2227 immunoreactivity.

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: The goal of this study was to determine if high-dose @entity888 treatment altered presynaptic immunoreactivity for the @entity535 neurotransmitters @entity1246 and @entity2227 within the basal ganglia. @entity888 (15 mg/kg every 6 h, four doses) treatment in @entity35 resulted in severe @entity221 and a long-lasting (four weeks) depletion of striatal @entity935 content (>80%). Severe @entity935 loss correlated with a decrease in the density of presynaptic immunolabeling for @entity1246 one week post-drug, and an increase after four weeks. Although no changes were seen in presynaptic striatal @entity2227 immunoreactivity, there was a significant increase in the percentage of @entity2227 -immuno-positive terminals associated with perforated postsynaptic densities. @entity35 given the same dose of @entity888 but prevented from becoming hyperthermic showed less severe @entity935 depletions and a lack of ultrastructural or immunocytochemical changes. In addition, induction of @entity221 in the absence of drug decreased immunolabeling within mitochondria, but had no effect on @entity935 content, morphology or nerve terminal immunoreactivity. Altered presynaptic @entity1246 immunolabeling and terminal size were found in both the striatum and globus pallidus, suggesting that dynamic changes occur in the striatopallidal pathway following @entity888 -induced @entity935 loss. In addition, ultrastructural changes in @entity2227 -positive synapses which have been correlated with increased synaptic activity were found. These results are similar to changes in @entity1246 and @entity2227 synapses that follow nigrostriatal @entity935 loss in @entity2955 -lesioned animals and in @entity191 , and provide the first direct evidence that @entity888 -induced @entity935 loss alters the GABAergic striatopallidal pathway. Exposure to either @entity888 or prolonged @entity590 decreased mitochondrial Immunoreactivity, indicating that @entity221 may contribute to @entity888 @entity137 by affecting energy stores.

title: High-dose @entity888 treatment alters presynaptic XXXX and @entity2227 immunoreactivity.

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: A visually readable monoclonal antibody-based antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Giardia lamblia antigen in @entity1 stool specimens was developed and found to be 97% (30 of 31 stool specimens) sensitive for formalinized stools and 82% (49 of 60 stool specimens) sensitive for unfixed stool specimens by visual reading. The storage of specimens in 10% @entity406 resulted in increased absorbance in 20 of 26 @entity461 -positive specimens tested as both formalinized and unfixed specimens; the increase averaged 1,336%. The assay was specific for antigens of this organism and for antigens derived from the cyst, as opposed to the trophozoite, stage. The assay could detect the antigens of five cysts per well, but could not detect antigen in in vitro-cultured trophozoites. A mouse monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass, which was prepared against cysts of @entity461 , was used as the solid-phase capture antibody. The antibody was reactive with the cyst wall, as determined by immunofluorescence. Polyclonal rabbit anti-cyst IgG was used as the secondary antibody, and peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as the tertiary antibody in the assay format. Maximal capture of antigen from stool specimens occurred by 30 min. Optimal dilution of specimens was in the range of 1:60 to 1:600. Preliminary characterization of affinity-purified antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody showed that it is heat stable (100 degrees C, 12 min) and resistant to @entity10283 treatment and that it may exist in multiple molecular weights from 45,000 to 110,000.

title: Monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay for Giardia lamblia antigen in XXXX stool.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formalin']

entities_list: @entity10283 :: ('MESH:C009288', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium periodate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It has been suggested that the histopathologic features associated with malignant potential in solid @entity5 (SPTs) of the pancreas include cellular polymorphism, mitotic activity, peripancreatic tissue invasion, neural invasion, @entity3 , and lymph node @entity3 . This study aimed to delineate the features predicting SPTs with malignant potential, which can be easily assessed in the clinical setting, and long-term results of @entity1 who underwent resection of SPT. METHODS: A retrospective review and analysis were done of 33 @entity1 who had SPTs that were surgically treated. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (33.3%) had SPTs suggesting malignant potential among surgically treated @entity1 with SPTs. The local invasion to the peripancreatic tissue was the most frequent malignant pathological feature (7/11 @entity1 , 63.7%). Using univariate analysis, @entity5 size greater than 5 cm was a significant clinical factor to predict SPTs with malignant potential (P = 0.022). The prognosis was excellent. No statistically significant survival difference was noted between groups of malignant potential and benign pathology (P = 0.1904). CONCLUSIONS: Malignant SPTs are low-grade @entity5 with good prognosis. Adequate surgical intervention is necessary. Especially, SPTs over 5 cm in diameter need to be treated carefully because of the chance of malignant pathology. Careful long-term follow-up is necessary in those @entity1 in case of possible @entity5 recurrences.

title: Solid XXXX suggesting malignant potential.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pseudopapillary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas']


abstract: @entity788 stellate cells may be a major source of extracellular matrix deposition during injury. This study was undertaken to establish whether pancreatic stellate cells are a source of Type I collagen in vivo and whether they continue to be a source of matrix production in the @entity130 . To induce pancreatic fibrogenesis, acute @entity660 was induced in @entity19 three times weekly with supraphysiologic doses of @entity8629 . Animals were treated for 6 weeks and allowed to recover for an additional 6 weeks. Stellate cell activation and pancreatic collagen expression were measured by immunohistochemistry, whole tissue RNA analysis, and in situ hybridization. Histology and digital image analysis demonstrated the development of substantial pancreatic @entity82 after 6 weeks of treatment. During recovery, incomplete resolution of the @entity82 was found. Procollagen alpha1(I) mRNA increased more than 15-fold during treatment and continued to be 5-fold elevated during the post-injury phase. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that collagen gene expression was colocalized to activated pancreatic stellate cells. Collagen expression and @entity82 persisted in focal areas during recovery. These findings show that pancreatic stellate cells are the major source of collagen during @entity130 in vivo. Additionally, focal areas of sustained pancreatic fibrogenesis persist after cessation of @entity8629 treatment, and these areas may contribute to sustained total organ collagen expression in the absence of @entity130 .

title: Repetitive acute XXXX in the @entity19 induces procollagen alpha1(I) expression colocalized to pancreatic stellate cells.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['cerulein']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing injury', 'post-injury fibrotic pancreas', 'repetitive injury']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic injury']


abstract: @entity788 stellate cells may be a major source of extracellular matrix deposition during injury. This study was undertaken to establish whether pancreatic stellate cells are a source of Type I collagen in vivo and whether they continue to be a source of matrix production in the @entity130 . To induce pancreatic fibrogenesis, acute @entity660 was induced in @entity19 three times weekly with supraphysiologic doses of @entity8629 . Animals were treated for 6 weeks and allowed to recover for an additional 6 weeks. Stellate cell activation and pancreatic collagen expression were measured by immunohistochemistry, whole tissue RNA analysis, and in situ hybridization. Histology and digital image analysis demonstrated the development of substantial pancreatic @entity82 after 6 weeks of treatment. During recovery, incomplete resolution of the @entity82 was found. Procollagen alpha1(I) mRNA increased more than 15-fold during treatment and continued to be 5-fold elevated during the post-injury phase. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that collagen gene expression was colocalized to activated pancreatic stellate cells. Collagen expression and @entity82 persisted in focal areas during recovery. These findings show that pancreatic stellate cells are the major source of collagen during @entity130 in vivo. Additionally, focal areas of sustained pancreatic fibrogenesis persist after cessation of @entity8629 treatment, and these areas may contribute to sustained total organ collagen expression in the absence of @entity130 .

title: Repetitive acute @entity660 in the XXXX induces procollagen alpha1(I) expression colocalized to pancreatic stellate cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and prognostic significance of @entity1600 in @entity1177 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed the records of 97 @entity1 treated for @entity1177 with radiotherapy at Stanford University and at the University of California, San Francisco between 1959 and 1996. Fifty-eight @entity1 had @entity957 ( @entity957 ), 4 had @entity420 ( @entity420 ), 16 had @entity189 ( @entity189 ), and 19 had @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ). Eight @entity1 had T2, 36 had T3, and 53 had T4 @entity5 according to the 1997 AJCC staging system. Eleven @entity1 had nodal involvement at diagnosis: 9 with @entity957 , 1 with @entity189 , and 1 with @entity2347 . The most common sites of nodal involvement were ipsilateral level 1 and 2 lymph nodes. Thirty-six @entity1 were treated with definitive radiotherapy alone, and 61 received a combination of surgical and radiation treatment. Thirty-six @entity1 had neck irradiation, 25 of whom received elective neck irradiation (ENI) for N0 necks. The median follow-up for alive @entity1 was 78 months. RESULTS: The median survival for all @entity1 was 22 months (range: 2.4-356 months). The 5- and 10-year actuarial survivals were 34% and 31%, respectively. Ten @entity1 relapsed in the neck, with a 5-year actuarial risk of nodal relapse of 12%. The 5-year risk of neck relapse was 14% for @entity957 , 25% for @entity420 , and 7% for both @entity189 and ACC. The overall risk of nodal involvement at either diagnosis or on follow-up was 28% for @entity957 , 25% for @entity420 , 12% for @entity189 , and 10% for @entity2347 . All @entity1 with nodal involvement had T3-4, and none had T2 @entity5 . ENI effectively prevented nodal relapse in @entity1 with @entity957 and N0 neck; the 5-year actuarial risk of nodal relapse was 20% for @entity1 without ENI and 0% for those with elective neck therapy. There was no correlation between neck relapse and @entity5 control or @entity5 extension into areas containing a rich lymphatic network. The most common sites of nodal relapse were in the ipsilateral level 1-2 nodal regions (11/13). @entity1 with nodal relapse had a significantly higher risk of distant @entity3 on both univariate (p = 0.02) and multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 4.5, p = 0.006). The 5-year actuarial risk of distant relapse was 29% for @entity1 with neck control versus 81% for @entity1 with neck failure. There was also a trend for decreased survival with nodal relapse. The 5-year actuarial survival was 37% for @entity1 with neck control and 0% for @entity1 with neck relapse. CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of lymph node involvement at diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity1177 was 9%. Following treatment, the 5-year risk of nodal relapse was 12%. @entity957 histology was associated with a high incidence of initial nodal involvement and nodal relapse. None of the @entity1 presenting with @entity957 histology and N0 necks had nodal relapse after elective neck irradiation. @entity1 who had nodal relapse had a higher risk of distant @entity3 and poorer survival. Therefore, our present policy is to consider elective neck irradiation in @entity1 with T3-4 @entity957 of the maxillary sinus.

title: Lymph node @entity3 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1177 :: ('MESH:D008444', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinus carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'AC']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ADE', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1177 :: (MESH:D008444,Disease) :: ['maxillary sinus carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and prognostic significance of @entity1600 in @entity1177 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed the records of 97 @entity1 treated for @entity1177 with radiotherapy at Stanford University and at the University of California, San Francisco between 1959 and 1996. Fifty-eight @entity1 had @entity957 ( @entity957 ), 4 had @entity420 ( @entity420 ), 16 had @entity189 ( @entity189 ), and 19 had @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ). Eight @entity1 had T2, 36 had T3, and 53 had T4 @entity5 according to the 1997 AJCC staging system. Eleven @entity1 had nodal involvement at diagnosis: 9 with @entity957 , 1 with @entity189 , and 1 with @entity2347 . The most common sites of nodal involvement were ipsilateral level 1 and 2 lymph nodes. Thirty-six @entity1 were treated with definitive radiotherapy alone, and 61 received a combination of surgical and radiation treatment. Thirty-six @entity1 had neck irradiation, 25 of whom received elective neck irradiation (ENI) for N0 necks. The median follow-up for alive @entity1 was 78 months. RESULTS: The median survival for all @entity1 was 22 months (range: 2.4-356 months). The 5- and 10-year actuarial survivals were 34% and 31%, respectively. Ten @entity1 relapsed in the neck, with a 5-year actuarial risk of nodal relapse of 12%. The 5-year risk of neck relapse was 14% for @entity957 , 25% for @entity420 , and 7% for both @entity189 and ACC. The overall risk of nodal involvement at either diagnosis or on follow-up was 28% for @entity957 , 25% for @entity420 , 12% for @entity189 , and 10% for @entity2347 . All @entity1 with nodal involvement had T3-4, and none had T2 @entity5 . ENI effectively prevented nodal relapse in @entity1 with @entity957 and N0 neck; the 5-year actuarial risk of nodal relapse was 20% for @entity1 without ENI and 0% for those with elective neck therapy. There was no correlation between neck relapse and @entity5 control or @entity5 extension into areas containing a rich lymphatic network. The most common sites of nodal relapse were in the ipsilateral level 1-2 nodal regions (11/13). @entity1 with nodal relapse had a significantly higher risk of distant @entity3 on both univariate (p = 0.02) and multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 4.5, p = 0.006). The 5-year actuarial risk of distant relapse was 29% for @entity1 with neck control versus 81% for @entity1 with neck failure. There was also a trend for decreased survival with nodal relapse. The 5-year actuarial survival was 37% for @entity1 with neck control and 0% for @entity1 with neck relapse. CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of lymph node involvement at diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity1177 was 9%. Following treatment, the 5-year risk of nodal relapse was 12%. @entity957 histology was associated with a high incidence of initial nodal involvement and nodal relapse. None of the @entity1 presenting with @entity957 histology and N0 necks had nodal relapse after elective neck irradiation. @entity1 who had nodal relapse had a higher risk of distant @entity3 and poorer survival. Therefore, our present policy is to consider elective neck irradiation in @entity1 with T3-4 @entity957 of the maxillary sinus.

title: Lymph node XXXX in @entity1177 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PRL in the @entity35 exerts its luteotropic action during the first half of pregnancy. After midpregnancy, placental lactogens (PLs) take the place of PRL to stimulate @entity1420 secretion from the corpus luteum. Simultaneously, PLs trigger a negative feedback on PRL secretion. However, the brain mechanisms for the negative feedback induced by PLs are not fully understood. Here, we report changes in plasma PRL levels, tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neuronal activity as measured by @entity72387 (FRA)/ @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, and TH catalytic activity as measured by @entity9191 ( @entity9191 ) accumulation in the stalk-median eminence (SME) after experimental manipulation of PL levels. On day 4 of pregnancy, animals received Rcho-1 cells intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to increase the level of PLs in the brain or HRP-1 cells as controls. On day 12 of pregnancy, hysterectomy alone or i.c.v. HRP-1 injection plus hysterectomy were performed to remove the source of PLs. Rcho-1 i.c.v. injection plus hysterectomy were performed to examine the effect of replacement of the PL source. Sham-hysterectomized animals were used as a control group. Animals were killed 2 days after each treatment at 0200 and 1800 h, which represent the peak times of PRL surges, and at 1400 h, which represents the intersurge time, by either transcardial perfusion for FRA/TH immunocytochemistry or decapitation 30 min after @entity19636 injection to assess @entity9191 accumulation with HPLC-electrochemical detection. Rcho-1 cells completely abolished PRL surges on day 6 of pregnancy and increased the percentage of FRA/TH immunoreactivity in the dorsomedial, ventrolateral, and caudal subdivisions of the arcuate nucleus. This change in neuronal activity reflected the amount of @entity9191 accumulation in the SME, which was high at all time points. On day 14 of pregnancy, removal of the PL source by hysterectomy resulted in increased PRL levels and decreased neuronal activity of TIDA neurons at all three time points. Similar profiles were observed in animals that received i.c.v. HRP-1 injection plus hysterectomy. Replacement of the source of PL with Rcho-1 cells in hysterectomized @entity35 resulted in low PRL secretion, high neuronal activity of TIDA neurons, and high TH catalytic activity. These patterns were the same as those in sham-operated animals. Our results demonstrate that PLs induce an increase in the neuronal activity of dopaminergic neurons, as measured by FRA/TH immunoreactivity and TH catalytic activity in the SME. Removal of the PL source elevates plasma PRL levels at all times during the second half of pregnancy and does not restore PRL surges.

title: Feedback effects of placental lactogens on prolactin levels and XXXX immunoreactivity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus during pregnancy in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity9191 :: ('MESH:D004295', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxyphenylalanine', 'DOPA']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity72387 :: (80754(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Fos-related antigen']


abstract: PRL in the @entity35 exerts its luteotropic action during the first half of pregnancy. After midpregnancy, placental lactogens (PLs) take the place of PRL to stimulate @entity1420 secretion from the corpus luteum. Simultaneously, PLs trigger a negative feedback on PRL secretion. However, the brain mechanisms for the negative feedback induced by PLs are not fully understood. Here, we report changes in plasma PRL levels, tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neuronal activity as measured by @entity72387 (FRA)/ @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, and TH catalytic activity as measured by @entity9191 ( @entity9191 ) accumulation in the stalk-median eminence (SME) after experimental manipulation of PL levels. On day 4 of pregnancy, animals received Rcho-1 cells intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to increase the level of PLs in the brain or HRP-1 cells as controls. On day 12 of pregnancy, hysterectomy alone or i.c.v. HRP-1 injection plus hysterectomy were performed to remove the source of PLs. Rcho-1 i.c.v. injection plus hysterectomy were performed to examine the effect of replacement of the PL source. Sham-hysterectomized animals were used as a control group. Animals were killed 2 days after each treatment at 0200 and 1800 h, which represent the peak times of PRL surges, and at 1400 h, which represents the intersurge time, by either transcardial perfusion for FRA/TH immunocytochemistry or decapitation 30 min after @entity19636 injection to assess @entity9191 accumulation with HPLC-electrochemical detection. Rcho-1 cells completely abolished PRL surges on day 6 of pregnancy and increased the percentage of FRA/TH immunoreactivity in the dorsomedial, ventrolateral, and caudal subdivisions of the arcuate nucleus. This change in neuronal activity reflected the amount of @entity9191 accumulation in the SME, which was high at all time points. On day 14 of pregnancy, removal of the PL source by hysterectomy resulted in increased PRL levels and decreased neuronal activity of TIDA neurons at all three time points. Similar profiles were observed in animals that received i.c.v. HRP-1 injection plus hysterectomy. Replacement of the source of PL with Rcho-1 cells in hysterectomized @entity35 resulted in low PRL secretion, high neuronal activity of TIDA neurons, and high TH catalytic activity. These patterns were the same as those in sham-operated animals. Our results demonstrate that PLs induce an increase in the neuronal activity of dopaminergic neurons, as measured by FRA/TH immunoreactivity and TH catalytic activity in the SME. Removal of the PL source elevates plasma PRL levels at all times during the second half of pregnancy and does not restore PRL surges.

title: Feedback effects of placental lactogens on prolactin levels and @entity72387 immunoreactivity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus during pregnancy in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee experience @entity158 and deconditioning that lead to disability. This study challenged the clinical belief that repetitive lower extremity exercise is not indicated in @entity1 with knee @entity571 . The effects of high-intensity and low-intensity stationary cycling on functional status, gait, overall and acute @entity158 , and aerobic capacity were examined. METHODS: Thirty-nine adults (71+/-6.9 years old) with complaints of knee @entity158 and diagnosis of @entity571 were randomized to either a high-intensity (70% heart rate reserve [HRR]) or low-intensity (40% HRR) exercise group for 10 weeks of stationary cycling. @entity1 cycled for 25 minutes, 3 times per week. Before and after the exercise intervention they completed the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 for @entity158 assessment, underwent timed chair rise, 6-minute walk test, gait, and graded exercise treadmill tests. Acute @entity158 was reported daily with a visual analog scale and the Western Ontario and @entity571 Index scale. RESULTS: Analysis of variance revealed that @entity1 in both groups significantly improved in the timed chair rise, in the 6-minute walk test, in the range of walking speeds, in the amount of @entity158 relief, and in aerobic capacity. No differences between groups were found. @entity158 reports suggested that cycling did not increase acute @entity158 in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Cycling may be considered as an alternative exercise modality for @entity1 with knee @entity571 . Low-intensity cycling was as effective as high-intensity cycling in improving function and gait, decreasing @entity158 , and increasing aerobic capacity.

title: The effects of high-intensity and low-intensity cycle ergometry in older adults with knee XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'persons', 'People']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['overall pain', 'Daily pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Previous evidence has demonstrated a relationship between growth factors and @entity65 . This study was aimed at evaluating levels of some endothelium-derived growth factors, and their relationship with microalbuminuria (MAU), in essential @entity101 . Ninety-nine mild-moderate essential @entity101 (EH) and 25 healthy controls were studied. All @entity1 underwent 24-h blood pressure monitoring, serum @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ), @entity540 ( @entity540 ) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and 24-h MAU assays. Later, EH were divided into two subsets consisting of microalbuminurics (MAU >11 microg/min) and nonmicroalbuminurics (MAU <11 microg/min). In microalbuminuric EH, circulating @entity2232 , @entity540 , and PDGF were significantly higher than in nonmicroalbuminurics (P < .0001, P < .0001, P < .005, respectively) or in controls. In the group of 99 EH, significant positive correlations of MAU with both @entity2232 and @entity540 (r = 0.35, P < .001, and r = 0.34, P < .001, respectively) were found. @entity2232 and @entity540 correlated significantly (r = 0.31, P < .002). Circulating @entity540 also correlated significantly with MAU in the microalbuminuric EH subset (r = 0.49, P < .01). Our results show that in microalbuminuric EH circulating levels of certain growth factors are increased. In @entity1 essential @entity101 these factors are linked with MAU, an early @entity8 marker.

title: Endothelium-derived factors in microalbuminuric and nonmicroalbuminuric essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and renal damage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensives']