abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of stereotactic radiotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases of @entity320 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1994 to 2001, 25 @entity1 presenting with 61 metastases of cutaneous @entity320 were treated with radiosurgery. Median age was 47 years (range: 25-73 years) and median Karnofski performance status 80 (range: 50-100). Twenty @entity1 had one radiosurgery, 5 had two or three. Median @entity3 diameter was 21 mm (range: 6-54.4 mm), and median @entity3 volume was 1.7 cm(3) (range: 0.4-25.6 cm(3)). Irradiation was delivered by a linear accelerator. Median minimal dose was 14.1 Gy (range: 10-19.4 Gy), and median maximal dose was 20.5 Gy (range: 16-48 Gy). RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 12.6 months (range: 1-85 months). Five metastases progressed (9.8%), 2-12 months after radiosurgery. Three-, 6- and 12-month local control rates were 95 +/- 3, 90 +/- 5 and 84 +/- 7%, respectively. By univariate analysis, only absence of extracranial @entity5 was a prognostic factor of local control. Three-, 6- and 12-month @entity75 -free survival rates were 75 +/- 9, 68 +/- 11 and 38 +/- 13%, respectively. According to univariate analysis, only the Score Index for Radiosurgery in brain metastases (SIR) was a prognostic factor of brain-event-free survival (p = 0.03). Median survival was 8 months. Three-, 6- and 12-month overall survival rates were 75 +/- 9, 53 +/- 10, and 29 +/- 10%, respectively. According to univariate analysis, extracranial controlled disease status (p = 0.03), and SIR (p = 0.04) were prognostic factors for overall survival. According to multivariate analysis, none was an independent prognosticator for overall survival. Complications were minimal. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgical treatment of brain metastases of @entity320 is effective and accurate. The use of radiosurgery alone is an appropriate management strategy for many @entity1 with brain metastases of @entity320 .

title: Linac radiosurgery for brain @entity3 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain-disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of stereotactic radiotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases of @entity320 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1994 to 2001, 25 @entity1 presenting with 61 metastases of cutaneous @entity320 were treated with radiosurgery. Median age was 47 years (range: 25-73 years) and median Karnofski performance status 80 (range: 50-100). Twenty @entity1 had one radiosurgery, 5 had two or three. Median @entity3 diameter was 21 mm (range: 6-54.4 mm), and median @entity3 volume was 1.7 cm(3) (range: 0.4-25.6 cm(3)). Irradiation was delivered by a linear accelerator. Median minimal dose was 14.1 Gy (range: 10-19.4 Gy), and median maximal dose was 20.5 Gy (range: 16-48 Gy). RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 12.6 months (range: 1-85 months). Five metastases progressed (9.8%), 2-12 months after radiosurgery. Three-, 6- and 12-month local control rates were 95 +/- 3, 90 +/- 5 and 84 +/- 7%, respectively. By univariate analysis, only absence of extracranial @entity5 was a prognostic factor of local control. Three-, 6- and 12-month @entity75 -free survival rates were 75 +/- 9, 68 +/- 11 and 38 +/- 13%, respectively. According to univariate analysis, only the Score Index for Radiosurgery in brain metastases (SIR) was a prognostic factor of brain-event-free survival (p = 0.03). Median survival was 8 months. Three-, 6- and 12-month overall survival rates were 75 +/- 9, 53 +/- 10, and 29 +/- 10%, respectively. According to univariate analysis, extracranial controlled disease status (p = 0.03), and SIR (p = 0.04) were prognostic factors for overall survival. According to multivariate analysis, none was an independent prognosticator for overall survival. Complications were minimal. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgical treatment of brain metastases of @entity320 is effective and accurate. The use of radiosurgery alone is an appropriate management strategy for many @entity1 with brain metastases of @entity320 .

title: Linac radiosurgery for brain XXXX of @entity320 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present study attempted to characterize the phenotype of @entity1 and @entity1 of different ages with a laboratory diagnosis of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) using demographic, subjective complaints and medical history and to determine the best fitting @entity27 index (AHI) cutoff point for @entity27 diagnosis in each group. METHODS: Data collected from 23,806 @entity1 examined by a whole-night polysomnography were retrospectively analyzed. First, descriptive analysis was used to determine the gender-specific relationship between AHI and age, then binary logistic regression was used to determine the best fitting gender- and age-specific AHIs and the predictors of @entity27 in each age and gender group. RESULTS: Of the total number of @entity1 , 70.7% had AHI >10, and @entity1 had consistently higher AHI than @entity1 . @entity27 severity rose linearly with age in normal-weight and @entity28 @entity1 and in normal-weight @entity1 . The best fitting AHI cutoff point increased with age in both genders. @entity28 and snoring were significant predictors of @entity27 in all age by gender groups, while @entity101 and excessive @entity25 were common to all @entity1 and the two older @entity1 groups. Insomnia-related complaints were negative predictors of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) in some of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity27 severity varies with age in both genders, while @entity1 have less severe syndrome in all ages. @entity28 , snoring, @entity101 , and excessive @entity25 are @entity27 predictors in both genders, while insomnia-related complaints are negative predictors.

title: Age- and gender-related characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: @entity308 and hopelessness are risk factors for suicide. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of suicidal ideation and hopelessness in outpatients with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) and to study the impact of suicidal ideation and hopelessness on treatment with @entity5080 (NT). The degree of suicidal ideation and hopelessness was assessed during the screen visit with the use of items #3 and #30 of the Hamilton @entity308 Rating Scale (HAM-D) in 89 @entity1 with @entity13217 who entered a 6-week open trial of NT. Forty of these @entity1 also completed the Beck Hopelessness Index (BHI) during the screen visit. In separate logistic regressions, the scores from the BHI and the two HAM-D items were then tested as predictors of clinical response to the 6-week trial with NT, controlling for the severity of @entity308 . More than half of @entity1 reported thoughts or wishes of @entity204 to self and significant hopelessness. A greater degree of hopelessness before treatment in completers, reflected by the score on the HAM-D item #30, predicted response to NT. More than half of @entity1 with prominent hopelessness who completed the trial responded. @entity1 with @entity13217 are more likely than not to report prominent suicidal ideation and hopelessness. Furthermore, a full 6-week trial of NT, a relatively noradrenergic tricyclic antidepressant, may be particularly useful in @entity1 who have failed to respond to several antidepressants and also report significant hopelessness.

title: Hopelessness and suicidal ideation in outpatients with XXXX : prevalence and impact on treatment outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5080 :: ('MESH:D009661', 'Chemical') :: ['nortriptyline']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['TRD', 'treatment-resistant depression']

answer: @entity13217 :: (MESH:D061218,Disease) :: ['treatment-resistant depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity8 showing diffuse (>80%) mesangial proliferation are at high risk for @entity454 ( @entity454 ). A previous controlled trial showed that combination therapy consisting of @entity617 , @entity500 , heparin- @entity1229 , and @entity4341 early in the course of disease reduces @entity8 and prevents the progression of sclerosed glomeruli. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of combination therapy in @entity1 with @entity8 showing @entity7622 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: A secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving 78 @entity1 with @entity8 who received either 2-year combination therapy or heparin- @entity1229 and dipyridamole (control) therapy was conducted. RESULTS: The median duration of observation was 10 years (range, 0.5 to 18). Two of 40 @entity1 (5%) who received combination therapy and five of 34 @entity1 (14.7%) who received control therapy developed @entity454 . A Kaplan-Meier plot of renal survival showed that the outcomes of @entity1 in the combined therapy group were better than those in the control therapy group (log-rank P = 0.03). The 10-year renal survival probability of each group was 97.1% (95% confidence interval, 81.4 to 99.6%) and 84.8% (95% confidence interval, 55.4 to 95.5%), respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model showed that the 2-year combination therapy was significantly associated with renal survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Two-year combination therapy not only ameliorated the activity of the acute phase of @entity1310 but also improved the long-term outcome of severe childhood @entity8 .

title: Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'immunologic renal injury']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse mesangial proliferation']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRF', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity8146 is the most frequent @entity96 in infancy. Untreated symptomatic @entity1 with @entity712 have a high mortality rate. Symptomatic forms may request nonoperative treatment, because surgery is burdened with high risks in @entity1 with @entity712 . The authors report their experience with interventional coil occlusion of @entity99 ( @entity99 ). METHODS: Four @entity1 (age range, 2 to 146 days; mean, 53 days) suffering from @entity99 associated with @entity712 were treated by endovascular coil occlusion of arterial feeders. Catheter intervention was performed via an arterial (n = 2) or venous (n = 2) approach. RESULTS: Signs of @entity712 resolved within 2 to 8 days after occlusion in 3 @entity1 . Tumor regression could be observed sonographically within 4 weeks postinterventionally. In 3 @entity1 , @entity5 size was reduced from a mean of 544 mL (65 to 1,350) to a mean of 4 mL (2 to 6); Mean systolic peak velocity in the hepatic artery was decreased from 170 cm/s (140 to 200) before occlusion to 45 cm/s (36 to 70) during follow-up. In the fourth @entity1 , endovascular intervention could not control a rapidly progressing hemangioendotheliomatosis, and finally a liver transplantation had to be performed. CONCLUSIONS: Interventional occlusion of feeding arteries in symptomatic @entity99 is a safe and effective alternative to early open surgery. The efficacy of endovascular intervention in multifocal @entity5 seems questionable.

title: Interventional treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma', 'IHE']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['Hemangioendothelioma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: @entity5 in the urinary bladder are rare with a high prevalence of @entity980 . A 15-month-old @entity1 was referred to the authors' center because of a @entity150 . Imaging studies disclosed a solid pelvic mass in the dome of the bladder confirmed by a cystoscopy. Surprisingly, the biopsy done during this procedure confirmed a @entity521 with a favorable Shimada classification. This @entity5 had no bad prognostic factors. But, vessel compression and local infiltration led to delayed surgery, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy was initiated. After chemotherapy, a complete surgical resection was accomplished. Currently, this @entity1 is in complete continuous remission. Only 5 other cases have been reported. Thus, urinary @entity521 seems to be a very rare @entity5 , but it should be considered in the differential diagnoses of @entity150 .

title: The urinary bladder: An extremely rare location of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric malignant tumors', 'tumor', 'pediatric tumor']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcomas']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: We studied the association between use of mobile and cordless phones and @entity1313 . Pooled analysis was performed of two case-control studies on @entity1 with @entity1313 diagnosed during 1997-2003 and matched controls alive at the time of study inclusion and one case-control study on deceased @entity1 and controls diagnosed during the same time period. Cases and controls or relatives to deceased subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Replies were obtained for 1,251 (85%) cases and 2,438 (84%) controls. The risk increased with latency period and cumulative use in hours for both mobile and cordless phones. Highest risk was found for the most common type of @entity11 , @entity816 , yielding in the >10 year latency group for mobile phone use odds ratio (OR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.9-3.7 and cordless phone use OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2-2.9. In a separate analysis, these phone types were independent risk factors for @entity11 . The risk for @entity816 was highest in the group with first use of a wireless phone before the age of 20; mobile phone use OR = 4.9, 95% CI = 2.2-11, cordless phone use OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.7-8.7. In conclusion, an increased risk was found for @entity11 and use of mobile or cordless phone. The risk increased with latency time and cumulative use in hours and was highest in subjects with first use before the age of 20.

title: Pooled analysis of case-control studies on XXXX and the use of mobile and cordless phones including living and deceased subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['malignant brain tumours']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['malignant brain tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Establishing the value of neurological examination, and additional diagnostic methods (ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain) in the diagnosis and prognosis of @entity2806 and its treatment, tracking the clinical course, and making the prognosis of neurological development in newborn @entity1 with @entity2806 . METHODS: The group of 40 term newborn @entity1 with suspected intrauterine @entity1763 was examined. All the @entity1 were prospectively followed until the 3rd year of age at the Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for @entity1 and Youth in order to estimate their neurological development and to diagnose the occurrence of persistent @entity16 . All the @entity1 were analyzed by their gestational age and Apgar score in the 1st and the 5th minute of life. They were all examined neurologically and by ultrasonography in the first week of life and, repeatedly, at the age of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, as well as in the 24th month of life. They were treated by the standard methods for this disease. Finally, all the @entity1 were examined neurologically and by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in their 3rd year of age. On the basis of neurological finding @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: @entity1 with normal neurological finding, @entity1 with mild neurological symptomatology, and @entity1 with severe @entity16 . RESULTS: It was shown that neurological finding, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain positively correlated with the later neurological development of the @entity1 with @entity2806 . CONCLUSION: Only the combined use of these techniques had full diagnostic and prognostic significance, emphasizing that the integrative approach was very important in the diagnosis of @entity75 in @entity1 .

title: [Clinical course and prognosis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This paper presents our experience with cytologic examination of urine in diagnosing @entity8 . METHODS: The study group included 23 @entity1 with @entity8 , selected from 56 @entity1 who underwent renal transplantation. Etiologic diagnosis was made according to the clinical picture, histological findings during allograft biopsy, and cytologic examination of urine. Urine sediment was obtained in cytocentrifuge and was air dried and stained with May Grunwald Giemsa. RESULTS: Out of 23 @entity1 with allograft dysfunction in 18 (78.3%) @entity1 it was caused by acute rejection, and in 5 (8.9%) @entity1 by allograft infarction, @entity205 nephrotoxicity, @entity4295 and chronic @entity8 . In eighteen @entity1 (78.3%) cytologic examination of urine was pathologic, while in 16 (70%) clinical and histology findings coincided with urine cytology findings. Out of 18 @entity1 with acute allograft rejection in 15 @entity1 cytologic examination of urine coincided with acute rejection. Out of 7 @entity1 with expressed @entity205 nephrotoxicity, in 5 cytologic examination of urine confirmed the cause of allograft dysfunction, as well as in one of 2 @entity1 with @entity4295 . Cytologic examination of urine indicated parenchymal damage in 2 @entity1 with recurrent disease (membranoproliferative and focal sclerosing @entity631 ). In 4 of 5 @entity1 suffering from chronic rejection in a year's monitoring period, urine sediment periodically consisted of lymphocytes, neutrophilic leucocytes, monocyte/macrophages, tubular cells and cylindres, without the predominance of any cell type. In 3 @entity1 allograft dysfunction was caused by infective agents (bacteria, fungus, @entity2803 ). CONCLUSION: Cytologic examination of urine might be an alternative to histological in diagnosing acute allograft rejection and @entity4295 or nephrototoxicity. Also it might indicate parenchymal disease while the importance of urine cytology in @entity740 needs to be investigated further.

title: [Importance of cytologic examination of urine in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal allograft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allograft nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal transplant function disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A net retention of @entity1674 within the liver is a prerequisite for the development of @entity1561 . The accumulation of liver fat reflects an imbalance between @entity844 input and disposal. Here we summarize recent research into understanding the fate of @entity1718 within the hepatocyte. RECENT FINDINGS: Several recent studies have elucidated the contribution of different sources of @entity1718 to liver fat and to plasma @entity1674 . Some recent studies have suggested that, contrary to expectations, hepatic @entity844 oxidation is upregulated in @entity2690 -resistant individuals. A recent observation shows the potential importance of @entity844 transformation, especially desaturation, to determination of metabolic fate. These studies highlight our lack of understanding of the regulation of metabolic partitioning of @entity1718 within the @entity1 liver. SUMMARY: The regulation of hepatic @entity844 partitioning involves many factors; not least @entity2690 . @entity2690 undoubtedly regulates the supply of @entity1718 to the liver from adipose tissue; however, whether @entity2690 has a direct intrahepatic effect on hepatic @entity844 partitioning, in @entity1 , remains unclear. The transformation of @entity1718 , by desaturases, may have an important role in aiding the disposal of @entity1718 via oxidative pathways. Factors that upregulate hepatic @entity844 oxidation need to be elucidated.

title: Hepatic XXXX partitioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids', 'fatty acids']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: @entity9673 , Puumala serotype, is a well-known disease in the northeast of France, but not in the Paris area, despite regularly diagnosed cases. A retrospective study was performed from January 1999 to December 2000 to assess the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of this disease in the "R  gion Ile-de-France". Fourteen cases were diagnosed. All required hospitalisation. @entity1 presented usually with high fever, @entity158 , @entity177 , moderate @entity882 and, sometimes, transitional acute @entity1714 witch is pathognomonic of the disease. In each case, a contact with a forest was found. Twelve @entity1 recovered completely. One @entity1 with pre-existing @entity177 died and another developed a persistent arterial @entity101 . Invasive procedures were often used before the diagnosis. @entity9673 does exist in the "R  gion Ile-de-France". Failure to recognise this disease in this area lead to unnecessary invasive procedures and hospitalizations.

title: [ XXXX in Ile-de-France].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal and hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity9673 :: ('MESH:D018778', 'Disease') :: ['Hantavirus infections']

answer: @entity9673 :: (MESH:D018778,Disease) :: ['Hantavirus infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attemp to determine the probability of developing @entity263 taking into acc age, digital rectal examination and @entity11179 once a transrectal biopsy has been indicated, so that both doctors and @entity1 have mor information to face such pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 633 biopsies, taken into acc the @entity1 's age, digital rectal examination, @entity11179 level and histology. The data were included in a database created with Access and were put a logistic regression by mens the software program SPSS. RESULTS: Once the biopsy is indicated, digital rectal examination is the parameter offesing a higher discriminatory valuer with an odd ratio of 5.9 (CI 95%, 3.9-8.9). The mathematical model obtained shows a sensitivity level of 57% and a level of specificity of 84%. Pre-test probability is 36%, the probability post-test increasing up to 70%, and a negative predictive value of 77% and a positive predictive value of 67%. CONCLUSIONS: The mathematical model obtained individually determines the probability of suffering from @entity263 . Moreover, using this model the probabilities obtained re more precise than those derived from the fact of fulfilling the criteria for a prostatic biopsy. Once a biopsy is indicated, the rectal examination becomes the parameter with a higher predictive value of PC, irrespective of @entity11179 and age. The @entity2286 of the model is higher than of the @entity11179 or the digital recta examination used separately.

title: [Predictive model for XXXX in @entity1 with biopsy indication].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'prostate carcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attemp to determine the probability of developing @entity263 taking into acc age, digital rectal examination and @entity11179 once a transrectal biopsy has been indicated, so that both doctors and @entity1 have mor information to face such pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 633 biopsies, taken into acc the @entity1 's age, digital rectal examination, @entity11179 level and histology. The data were included in a database created with Access and were put a logistic regression by mens the software program SPSS. RESULTS: Once the biopsy is indicated, digital rectal examination is the parameter offesing a higher discriminatory valuer with an odd ratio of 5.9 (CI 95%, 3.9-8.9). The mathematical model obtained shows a sensitivity level of 57% and a level of specificity of 84%. Pre-test probability is 36%, the probability post-test increasing up to 70%, and a negative predictive value of 77% and a positive predictive value of 67%. CONCLUSIONS: The mathematical model obtained individually determines the probability of suffering from @entity263 . Moreover, using this model the probabilities obtained re more precise than those derived from the fact of fulfilling the criteria for a prostatic biopsy. Once a biopsy is indicated, the rectal examination becomes the parameter with a higher predictive value of PC, irrespective of @entity11179 and age. The @entity2286 of the model is higher than of the @entity11179 or the digital recta examination used separately.

title: [Predictive model for @entity263 in XXXX with biopsy indication].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Celery is a frequent food allergen: not only raw, but also cooked and as a spice it can produce various reactions of immediate type, from oral contact urticaria to @entity2021 . Most celery-allergic @entity1 suffer from @entity2023 and show a skin sensitization to mugwort. An associated @entity566 to several spices is quite common, and therefore the term "celery-mugwort-spice-syndrome" has been proposed. The authors have investigated 35 @entity1 , 85% of them @entity1 , in whom a current celery @entity566 of varying severity was diagnosed during the first 8 months of 1984. A positive skin test to celery was seen in 16 @entity1 who denied any symptoms from it. Thorough skin testing and RAST screening with different celery preparations, other foodstuffs and mugwort-pollens were performed on all @entity1 . The modified prick test with native celery-root proved to be the best method for detecting celery sensitization, showing a positive result in 88.6%. The scratch test with celery-salt was positive in 70.5%, intracutaneous testing with commercial extract in 63.5% and the RAST with celery-sticks in 66% of the @entity1 . Sensitization to mugwort was absent in 8 @entity1 only. The mugwort-sensitive group frequently showed a positive test to ragweed-pollens, a common plant in North America, and this appears to indicate cross-reactivity amongst the family of the Asteraceae. Cross-reactivity amongst the Apiaceae is the cause of the many positive results obtained with @entity10786 , parsely, anise, fennel and caraway, the @entity10786 @entity566 being of clinical importance in 50% of cases, including one with a history of @entity2021 after ingestion of raw @entity10786 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The celery- XXXX -mugwort-condiment syndrome: skin test and RAST results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylactic shock']

answer: @entity10786 :: (4039,Species) :: ['carrot']


abstract: Ever since @entity0 has become looked upon as a local and simultaneously a @entity262 , local treatment has become ever less radical. Today, some 70% of all mamma @entity189 can be treated with breast-preserving techniques. Following pre-operative downstaging by primary neoadjuvant chemotherapy, even the majority of large @entity5 can be managed with conservative surgery. With the exception of @entity513 in situ (DCIS) axillary lymph node clearance is currently standard practice. For an assessment of nodal status, at least 10 lymph nodes must be obtained and examined histologically. The sentinel lymph node biopsy performed under study conditions should be left to experienced specialized centers. Postoperative irradiation of the preserved breast is an element of the overall concept of breast-preserving surgery. The spectrum of surgical options covers breast-preserving procedures, skin-preserving mastectomy and amputation, which cannot always be avoided. With regard to plastic reconstruction, a differentiation should be made between the possibilities for reconstruction during primary surgery and reconstruction at a later date. Since postoperative radiotherapy can considerably diminish the results of reconstruction, current tendency is towards secondary reconstruction.

title: [Surgical therapy of XXXX . Much of the fright is lost].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recruitment is one of the most serious challenges in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), especially in the old and frail population. A Norwegian multicentre RCT targeting @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 older than 70 years was initiated to compare the impact on quality of life of early or late start of dialysis. Owing to poor inclusion the RCT was closed. The aim of the present study was to explore possible reasons for the recruitment failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed to all Norwegian nephrologists. The questionnaire presented 11 statements which cited possible reasons for not including elderly @entity454 @entity1 in the RCT in question. RESULTS: The highest rated reasons for non-inclusion were the physician's wish to decide the timing of dialysis individually and the @entity1 's wish to postpone the start of treatment. High mean scores were also found for reasons related to workload and capacity at the dialysis unit, whereas the influence of the doctor- @entity1 relationship and competing studies were judged not to be important. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that confidence in individually decided treatment and fear of losing professional autonomy make Norwegian nephrologists reluctant to include @entity1 in RCTs. To succeed in recruitment, there seems to be a need for cultural changes as well as increased resources to meet practical challenges.

title: XXXX and recruitment to randomized trials: why is it so difficult? Results from a survey among Norwegian nephrologists.

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-stage renal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The preventive effect of pemirolast against @entity256 after coronary stent placement was evaluated. METHODS: Eighty-four @entity1 with 89 de novo lesions who underwent successful coronary stenting were assigned to the pemirolast group(40 @entity1 , 45 lesions) and the control group(44 @entity1 , 44 lesions). Administration of pemirolast(20 mg/day) was initiated from the next morning after stenting and continued for 6 months of follow-up. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed immediately after stenting and at follow-up. @entity256 was defined as diameter stenosis > or = 50% at follow-up. Intravascular ultrasound study conducted at follow-up angiography was used to measure vessel cross-sectional area(CSA), stent CSA, lumen CSA, @entity14309 (stent CSA--lumen CSA), and percentage @entity14309 ( @entity14309 /stent CSA x 100%) at the minimal lumen site. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. @entity256 rate was significantly lower in the pemirolast group than in the control group(15.0% vs 34.1% of @entity1 , 13.3% vs 34.1% of lesions, p < 0.05, respectively). The intravascular ultrasound study at follow-up(36 lesions in the pemirolast group, 33 in the control group) found no significant differences in vessel CSA and stent CSA between the two groups(17.3 +/- 2.2 vs 16.8 +/- 2.4 mm2, 8.6 +/- 1.9 vs 8.4 +/- 1.7 mm2, respectively). However, lumen CSA was significantly larger in the pemirolast group than in the control group(5.5 +/- 1.3 vs 4.4 +/- 1.1 mm2, p < 0.05). Moreover, @entity14309 and percentage @entity14309 were significantly smaller in the pemirolast group(3.1 +/- 1.1 vs 4.0 +/- 1.2 mm2, p < 0.05 and 36.2 +/- 15.9% vs 47.4 +/- 15.6%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Pemirolast has a preventive effect against @entity256 after stent placement, possibly by inhibiting neointimal @entity1373 .

title: Preventive effect of an antiallergic drug, pemirolast potassium, on XXXX after stent placement: quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity14309 :: ('MESH:D003057', 'Disease') :: ['neointima CSA']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Angiographic restenosis', 'Restenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Non-operative management has become the treatment of choice in the majority of @entity99 . The aim of this study was to assess the changes in primary treatment and outcomes in a single Dutch Level 1 @entity130 centre with wide experience in @entity4917 ( @entity4917 ). METHODS: The prospective @entity130 registry was retrospectively analysed for 7-year periods before (Period 1) and after ( @entity5394 ) the introduction of @entity4917 . The primary outcome was the failure rate of primary treatment defined as @entity99 or re-bleeding requiring radiologic or operative (re)interventions. Secondary outcomes were @entity409 . RESULTS: Despite an increase in high-grade @entity99 , the incidence of primary non-operative management more than doubled over the two periods, from 33% (20 of 61 cases) in Period 1 to 72% (84 of 116 cases) in @entity5394 (P < 0.001). The failure rate of primary treatment in Period 1 was 18% (11/61), compared with 11% (13/116) in @entity5394 (P= 0.21). Complication rates were 23% (14/61) and 16% (18/116) in @entity5394 , respectively (P= 0.22). Liver-related mortality rates were 10% (6/61) and 3% @entity5394 , respectively (P= 0.095). The increase in the frequency of non-operative management was even higher in high-grade injuries, in which outcomes were improved. In high-grade injuries in @entity5394 , failure rates decreased from 45% (9/20) to 20% (11/55) (P= 0.041), liver-related mortality decreased from 30% (6/20) to 7% (4/55) (P= 0.019) and complication rates fell from 60% (12/20) to 27% (15/55) (P= 0.014). @entity1188 or @entity39 and @entity733 formation seemed to occur more frequently with @entity4917 . CONCLUSIONS: Overall, liver-related mortality, treatment failure and complication rates remained constant despite an increase in non-operative management. However, in high-grade injuries outcomes improved after the introduction of @entity4917 .

title: Improved outcomes in the non-operative management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury-related intra-abdominal complications']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Liver infarction']

entities_list: @entity4917 :: ('MESH:D007715', 'Disease') :: ['angio-embolisation', 'AE']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury-related death', 'liver injuries']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The new application of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in the diagnosis of breast masses has evolved quickly only in recent years. Nevertheless, mixed results owing to the overlap in characteristics of benign and malignant lesions are simultaneously discovered by most studies, partially attributed to different histopathologic characteristics of @entity0 . PURPOSE: To explore the characteristics of different histopathologic types of @entity0 at real-time gray-scale @entity8 and evaluate its diagnostic value. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and one histopathologically confirmed malignant lesions were included. We retrospectively reviewed the contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings including morphologic features, quantitative parameters, and correlated them with histopathology. True-positive rate was calculated to assess the diagnostic performance of @entity8 . RESULTS: The 101 @entity5 displayed irregular shape (72 [71%]), poorly-defined margin (73 [72%]), penetrating or tortuous surrounding vessels (79 [78%]), heterogeneous enhancement (84 [83%]), including focal perfusion defects (24 [24%]). For each histopathologic type, 87% (58/67) of @entity513 ( @entity513 ) showed heterogeneous enhancement. Of all the 24 perfusion defects, @entity513 account for 88% (21/24). Low average peak intensity (PI) of 4.9 was detected in this type. @entity513 in situ (DCIS) excellently showed the features of irregular shape (82% [14/17]), poorly-defined margin (82% [14/17]), heterogeneous enhancement (94% [16/17]). While 83% (5/6) of @entity189 exhibited regular shape, well-defined margin, homogenous enhancement, and high average PI value of 9.6. @entity1137 showed similar enhancement pattern to that of @entity513 . Intraductal @entity1377 displayed high average PI value of 8.1. The overall true-positive rate for conventional US and @entity8 was 88%, 86%, respectively. DCIS, @entity189 , and @entity1377 achieved an improved true-positive rate (94%, 100% and 100%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The imaging characteristics of @entity8 are variable in different histopathologic types of @entity0 . @entity8 does not appear to be superior to conventional ultrasound as a diagnostic tool overall, however, it is a useful adjunct to conventional ultrasound in diagnosing some special types of @entity0 .

title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings of different histopathologic types of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CEUS', 'contrast-enhanced ultrasonography']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary carcinoma', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma', 'IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Clinical PET of apoptosis may have substantial value in advancing @entity1 care. We report here the first-in- @entity1 study with @entity8984 -labeled @entity72813 ( @entity8984 -ML-10), a small-molecule PET tracer for apoptosis. Presented are the dosimetry, biodistribution, stability, and safety profiles of this PET tracer in healthy @entity1 volunteers. Also reported is tracer binding to targeted apoptotic cells in testicular tissue, where a relative abundance of apoptotic cells is normally observed. METHODS: @entity8984 -ML-10 (233    90 MBq) was intravenously administered to 8 healthy subjects, followed by whole-body PET/CT for 220 min. Serial blood and urine samples were collected for radioactivity measurement, and plasma tracer stability was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Dosimetry calculations were performed using OLINDA/EXM software. RESULTS: @entity8984 -ML-10 manifested high stability in vivo and rapid distribution followed by fast clearance, with an elimination half-life of 1.3    0.1 and 1.1    0.2 h from the blood and from all other organs, respectively, and excretion through the urine. Dosimetry showed an average effective whole-body dose of 15.4    3.7  Sv/MBq, with the urinary bladder being the dose-limiting organ. Selective accumulation and retention of the tracer in the testes was observed in all male subjects, a finding also demonstrated in @entity19 using both small-animal PET and histopathology, confirming binding to apoptotic cells. Administration of @entity8984 -ML-10 was safe, without adverse effects. CONCLUSION: @entity8984 -ML-10 administered to healthy @entity1 demonstrated a favorable dosimetry, biodistribution, stability, and safety profile. Binding to apoptotic sites was also demonstrated. These data support further development of this small-molecule probe for clinical PET of apoptosis.

title: 18F-ML-10, a PET tracer for apoptosis: first XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity72813 :: ('MESH:C532430', 'Chemical') :: ['2-(5-fluoropentyl)-2-methyl malonic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: This work provides a quantitative assessment of the positional tracking accuracy of the @entity3040 Wave Speech Research System. METHOD: Three experiments were completed: (a) static rigid-body tracking across different locations in the electromagnetic field volume, (b) dynamic rigid-body tracking across different locations within the electromagnetic field volume, and (c) @entity1 jaw-movement tracking during speech. Rigid-body experiments were completed for 4 different instrumentation settings, permuting 2 electromagnetic field volume sizes with and without automated reference sensor processing. RESULTS: Within the anthropometrically pertinent "near field" (< 200 mm) of the @entity3040 Wave field generator, at the 300-mm(3) volume setting, 88% of dynamic positional errors were < 0.5 mm and 98% were < 1.0 mm. Extreme tracking errors (> 2 mm) occurred within the near field for < 1% of position samples. For @entity1 jaw-movement tracking, 95% of position samples had < 0.5 mm errors for 9 out of 10 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Static tracking accuracy is modestly superior to dynamic tracking accuracy. Dynamic tracking accuracy is best for the 300-mm(3) field setting in the 200-mm near field. The use of automated head correction has no deleterious effect on tracking. Tracking errors for @entity89 during speech are typically < 0.5 mm.

title: Accuracy of the XXXX wave speech research system.

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw movements']

answer: @entity3040 :: (MESH:D018500,Disease) :: ['NDI']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To observe the changes in the antioxidative defense enzymes and to detect the alterations of renal microscopy after carbon tetrachloride ( @entity41746 ) administration in @entity35 and to investigate the possible protective effects of betaine against @entity41746 -induced @entity8 . METHODS: Thirty-two adult @entity35 were divided into four groups as follows: control group, betaine group, @entity41746 group, and @entity41746 + betaine group. @entity41746 was given subcutaneously at 1 mL/kg. In the @entity41746 + betaine group, @entity35 were pretreated with betaine, then exposed to @entity41746 at the same dose. Betaine group @entity35 received concentrated betaine solution. The @entity35 were killed and the kidneys taken for enzyme analyses and histologic examination. Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were measured in right kidney homogenates. Left kidneys were processed for light microscopic evaluation. RESULTS: In the @entity41746 -treated group, significant increases in kidney superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity were observed (P <0.01). These changes were found to be normalized in the @entity41746 + betaine group. Betaine did not change the enzyme activities. Exposure to @entity41746 resulted in glomerular and tubular alterations in the renal cortex. These alterations were found to be prevented by betaine pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that exposure to @entity41746 leads to @entity8 in @entity35 and betaine exerts an improvement on nephrotoxic effects of @entity41746 .

title: Carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity and protective effect of betaine in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) on @entity1641 deep dorsal penile vein and to characterize the muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in this response. METHODS: Vein rings were mounted in an organ bath chamber, and the isometric tension was recorded. RESULTS: In @entity2647 -contracted veins, @entity1617 (1 nM to 1 microM) induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. The muscarinic receptor antagonist, @entity3897 , produced parallel rightward shifts of the @entity1617 response curves (pA2 = 10.04; pK(B) = 9.98). @entity5402 (10 nM to 100 microM) also evoked relaxation in the vein segments, but showed a lower potency and similar relaxation to that induced by @entity1617 . @entity4140 , the high, intermediate, and low-affinity antagonist for M1, M3, and M2 receptors, respectively, inhibited @entity1617 and @entity5402 -induced relaxation, yielding pA2 values of 7.51 and 7.37, and pK(B) values of 7.38 and 7.28, respectively. @entity10258 , a high-affinity M2 antagonist, showed no significant effect on the response to @entity1617 . However, a high-affinity M3 antagonist, pFHHSiD, potently blocked the relaxation induced by @entity5402 and @entity1617 , yielding pA2 and pK(B) values of 7.72 and 7.70 for pFHHSiD against @entity1617 , respectively, and of 7.77 and 7.65 against @entity5402 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity1617 induces an endothelium-dependent relaxation in @entity1641 deep dorsal penile vein. The antagonist profile suggests that M3 muscarinic receptors mediate @entity1617 -induced relaxation in this tissue.

title: Muscarinic receptor subtypes mediate vasorelaxation in isolated XXXX deep dorsal penile vein.

entities_list: @entity10258 :: ('MESH:C054938', 'Chemical') :: ['Methoctramine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['Pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: @entity72814 was metabolized by @entity35 liver microsomes to @entity72815 and @entity72816 . The results were confirmed by using a reconstituted cytochrome P-450 oxygenase system purified from @entity109 -induced @entity35 liver which established its involvement. SKF-525A strongly inhibited the formation of both oxygenation products. Cytochrome P-450 alone brought about the conversion of the @entity273 to its @entity167 . @entity1110 augmented the peroxidative reaction, but the presence of @entity1110 -cytochrome P-450 reductase was without effect. Certain microsomal preparations and reconstituted enzyme yielded little or no detectable amounts of @entity273 . This was due to a too rapid conversion of the @entity273 to its @entity167 . The addition of @entity4235 , a compound that inhibited such conversion, resulted in accumulation of @entity72815 for positive identification. Incubation of @entity72814 with microsomes and @entity1110 resulted in covalent binding of its metabolite to microsomal proteins. Incubation of @entity3209 -labeled @entity72815 caused covalent binding of label to proteins, RNA, and DNA.

title: Hydroperoxidation by cytochrome P-450 oxygenase: metabolism of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity72815 :: ('MESH:C044948', 'Chemical') :: ['9-hydroperoxy-9-methylfluorene']

entities_list: @entity72816 :: ('MESH:C044947', 'Chemical') :: ['9-hydroxy-9-methylfluorene']

entities_list: @entity72814 :: ('MESH:C030636', 'Chemical') :: ['9-Methylfluorene', '9-methylfluorene']

answer: @entity72814 :: (MESH:C030636,Chemical) :: ['9-methylfluorene']


abstract: Neiguan (PC-6) is a traditional acupoint in each forearm and overlies the trunk of the median nerve. Previous studies show that electroacupuncture (EA) at the Neiguan acupoint could improve not only myocardial @entity2806 by inducing a @entity9598 response but also recover @entity551 by inducing a pressor response. However, their physiological mechanisms are not yet elucidated. We investigated the pressor effect of Neiguan EA and its mechanism by focusing on left ventricular (LV) performance in a @entity235 @entity551 model. We hemorrhaged 36 anesthetized and thoracotomized mongrel @entity235 and decreased LV end-systolic pressure (ESP) to approximately 70 mmHg (35% decrease). We obtained LV pressure-volume (P-V) data with a micromanometer catheter and a conductance catheter. One-hour Neiguan EA significantly recovered the decreased ESP, end-diastolic volume, and @entity64 volume by 32 +/- 13%, 27 +/- 13%, and 39 +/- 17%, respectively (P < 0.05), without changing heart rate and the slope of the end-systolic P-V relation. Neiguan EA inhibited a @entity548 -induced increase in plasma @entity2661 . However, @entity3369 (neuromuscular blocking agent) administration abolished the antihypotension effect of Neiguan EA. Furthermore, Neiguan EA was much more effective than a nonacupoint thigh EA. We conclude that Neiguan EA achieved the antihypotension effect by improving LV filling of the @entity548 -depressed LV performance despite the inhibition of the @entity548 -increased plasma @entity2661 . This pressor effect seemed to accompany an @entity1211 by Neiguan EA-increased vasomotor tone and muscle pump. This study demonstrated a scientific basis for the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of @entity551 and shock.

title: Pressor effect of electroacupuncture on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['depressor']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['increased venous return']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic hypotension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is a common sleep-related @entity387 . Associations among @entity27 ( @entity27 ), Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), body habitus differences, and @entity14696 may clarify the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity27 . In order to test this hypothesis, we aimed to compare the RMR, Modified Mallampati Scores (MMS), anthropometric measurements and body composition of male @entity27 @entity1 with simple snorers and to investigate the association among these parameters. METHODS: MMS were calculated, overnight polysomnography was performed, body mass index, neck, shoulder, chest, waist, hip and abdomen circumferences, body fat amount and ratio, lean body weight, body water amount and RMR were measured for all of the @entity1 . @entity1 : Ninety-eight male @entity1 with suspected @entity27 were included in the study. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity27 and 47 @entity1 were diagnosed as simple snorers. RMR, total body water, neck, shoulder and chest circumferences were significantly higher in @entity27 @entity1 than the simple snorers. The majority of the simple snorers was seen to have a MMS of stage 2 whereas @entity27 @entity1 had MMS of stages 3 and 4. @entity27 was significantly correlated with neck, shoulder, chest circumferences, total body water amount, @entity10843 and RMR. Chest girth was found as the most important single predictor of @entity387 in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the increased RMR and chest circumference might have occurred due to the condition resulting from the elevated @entity27 in @entity1 with @entity27 . Mallampati score should be routinely evaluated in @entity27 @entity1 .

title: Resting metabolic rate and anthropometric measurements in male XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea', 'breathing disorder']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'Apnea-Hypopnea Index', 'Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome', 'AHI']

entities_list: @entity14696 :: ('MESH:D010038', 'Disease') :: ['otorhinolaryngologic abnormality']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is a common sleep-related @entity387 . Associations among @entity27 ( @entity27 ), Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), body habitus differences, and @entity14696 may clarify the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity27 . In order to test this hypothesis, we aimed to compare the RMR, Modified Mallampati Scores (MMS), anthropometric measurements and body composition of male @entity27 @entity1 with simple snorers and to investigate the association among these parameters. METHODS: MMS were calculated, overnight polysomnography was performed, body mass index, neck, shoulder, chest, waist, hip and abdomen circumferences, body fat amount and ratio, lean body weight, body water amount and RMR were measured for all of the @entity1 . @entity1 : Ninety-eight male @entity1 with suspected @entity27 were included in the study. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity27 and 47 @entity1 were diagnosed as simple snorers. RMR, total body water, neck, shoulder and chest circumferences were significantly higher in @entity27 @entity1 than the simple snorers. The majority of the simple snorers was seen to have a MMS of stage 2 whereas @entity27 @entity1 had MMS of stages 3 and 4. @entity27 was significantly correlated with neck, shoulder, chest circumferences, total body water amount, @entity10843 and RMR. Chest girth was found as the most important single predictor of @entity387 in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the increased RMR and chest circumference might have occurred due to the condition resulting from the elevated @entity27 in @entity1 with @entity27 . Mallampati score should be routinely evaluated in @entity27 @entity1 .

title: Resting metabolic rate and anthropometric measurements in male @entity387 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mucosal irregularity and hypervascularity associated with primary @entity2 in large airways are observed by bronchoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate microcirculation at subepithelial invasion sites of @entity2 . METHODS AND @entity1 : Between July 2001 and June 2007, 12 @entity1 who had subepithelial invasion sites of @entity2 in the large airways (aged 52 to 74 years, 12 males) were enrolled into this study. They were 6 @entity1 with @entity420 , 4 @entity1 with @entity957 , and 2 @entity1 with @entity4153 . We compared 12 control subjects without endobronchial abnormality (aged 51 to 83 years, 9 males and 3 females). The @entity1 underwent conventional bronchoscopy and subsequent high magnification bronchovideoscopy with the conventional imaging and the narrow band imaging (NBI). For evaluating microcirculation of subepithelial invasion, hemoglobin index was calculated. RESULTS: In high magnification view, aberrant microvessels and/or irregular mucosal thickening were observed at subepithelial invasion sites of @entity2 . Irregularly enlarged microvessels were increased and formed an aberrant microvessel network on the surface of irregular mucosa. The diameter of aberrant microvessels was significantly increased compared to normal microvessels. By switching to NBI, the aberrant microvessels were more clearly visualized. The levels of hemoglobin index were significantly higher in subepithelial invasion sites of @entity2 compared to normal mucosa. CONCLUSION: In subepithelial invasion of @entity2 , aberrant microvessels are thought to be characteristic and subepithelial microcirculation may be increased.

title: Increased microcirculation in subepithelial invasion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity1 radiation doses during interventional radiology procedures may reach the thresholds for radiation-induced @entity4858 . This study investigates the irradiated areas and doses received by @entity1 undergoing @entity1779 , which is regarded as a high dose interventional radiology procedure. For each procedure the fluoroscopic and digital dose-area product (DAP), the fluoroscopic time, the total number of acquired images and entrance-skin dose (ESD) calculated by the angiographic unit were recorded. The ESD was measured by means of thermoluminescent dosimeters. In this study, the skin, eye and thyroid gland doses and the irradiated area for 30 @entity1 were recorded. The average ESD was found to be 0.77 Gy for the posteroanterior plane and 0.78 Gy for the lateral plane. The average DAP was 48 Gy cm(2) for the posteroanterior plane and 58 Gy cm(2) for the lateral plane. The @entity1 's average right eye dose was 60 mGy and the dose to the thyroid gland was 24 mGy. Seven @entity1 received a dose above 1 Gy, one @entity1 exceeded the threshold for transient erythema and one exceeded the threshold for temporary epilation. A good correlation between the DAP and the ESD for both planes has been found. The doctor's eye dose has also been measured for 17 procedures and the average dose per procedure was 0.13 mGy.

title: A study on radiation doses and irradiated areas in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolisation']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['skin and eye lens injuries']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral embolisation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Conventional surgical treatment of bilateral @entity439 would require bilateral craniotomies and bilateral neck dissections for proximal control of the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA). We present a semiemergent case where bilateral ophthalmic @entity438 were clipped using a unilateral mini-pterional craniotomy and contralateral proximal cervical ICA control while employing the Sugita head frame. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old female presented with progressive @entity10 . MRI/A revealed a right carotid-ophthalmic @entity439 as well as a small @entity439 on the left carotid-ophthalmic segment. Given the young age and medial orientation of the right @entity439 , direct surgical clipping was planned. It was our thought that a contralateral approach would afford us the best chance to clip the right medially pointing @entity439 fully without optic nerve retraction while having proximal control via exposure of contralateral cervical ICA. METHODS: After gaining proximal ICA control from right neck dissection, the Sugita frame was rotated to allow for a left pterional craniotomy. The right medially pointing ophthalmic @entity439 was clipped without optic nerve retraction. After dissection of the distal dural ring and gaining proximal control, the left @entity439 was clipped. Postoperatively, the @entity1 remained intact without any @entity227 , and both @entity439 were obliterated on angiography. CONCLUSION: Our case illustrates safety and control while clipping bilateral ophthalmic @entity438 via a unilateral mini-pterional approach and utility of the Sugita head frame.

title: Contralateral mini-craniotomy for clipping of bilateral ophthalmic XXXX using unilateral proximal carotid control and Sugita head frame.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual complaints']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'ophthalmic aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['right retro-orbital headaches']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: @entity1087 is a yellowish pigmentation of skin and mucous membranes caused by @entity3638 , which itself has various causes. @entity1087 related to @entity5 is classified as @entity3883 . This disease proceeds from biliary tract obstruction and @entity1578 by progression of @entity5 , including @entity3 from other @entity5 . @entity1125 , @entity788 , or lymph nodes @entity3 from other sites of @entity5 are mainly responsible for the obstruction of the bile duct. In @entity1 with @entity3883 , biliary drainage is often required in order to give treatments such as chemotherapy. In @entity1 with biliary drainage, various complications arise, such as @entity255 due to obstruction ofa biliary stent, and @entity548 from the @entity1066 due to a dislodged stent to the duodenum. It is crucial to manage those complications as @entity341 . @entity1087 of @entity1578 due to hepatic @entity3 is often observed in @entity1 with @entity344 such as @entity356 or @entity14 . Although chemotherapy is the usual application for those patients, useful anti- @entity5 agents are limited. It is crucial to diagnose and decide the best treatments as soon as possible for @entity1 with very advanced hepatic @entity3 .

title: [Managements for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['oncologic emergencies']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary tract cancer']

answer: @entity1087 :: (MESH:D007565,Disease) :: ['jaundice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity209 and @entity170 are recognized as major public health problems in many countries. This study investigated the association between bone quality and components of @entity209 in an elderly population. METHODS: The study included a population sample of 211 @entity1 and @entity1 , of mean age 77.9    4.5 years. Anthropometry, blood pressure, serum levels of lipoproteins (HDL and LDL), @entity1674 and @entity413 were measured, and ultrasound bone densitometry was performed in all subjects. Information on lifestyle habits, including physical activity, smoking and @entity167 consumption, were obtained by a questionnaire. RESULTS: @entity209 , defined by the criteria of the International @entity6 Federation, was determined in 59% of @entity1 and 65% of @entity1 . The quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) was significantly correlated with serum @entity413 in @entity1 (r=-0.31; p=0.005) and with body mass index (BMI) in @entity1 (r=0.39; p<0.0001). QUI was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity209 (F=7.57; p<0.007) and significantly higher in @entity1 with it (F=6.47; p=0.012) compared with controls. When QUI was adjusted for body mass index in @entity1 and for serum @entity413 in @entity1 , it was no longer significantly different from values for controls. Other covariates such as @entity165 , blood pressure, smoking, @entity167 , and physical activity did not change the difference in QUI between @entity1 with @entity209 and controls. @entity6 in @entity1 (p=0.005) and @entity28 and waist circumference in @entity1 (p<0.05) were also significant predictors of QUI in regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The association between @entity209 and bone stiffness in elderly @entity1 may be explained by increased BMI in @entity1 and high serum @entity413 in @entity1 .

title: Ultrasound bone measurement in an older population with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: The paper presents preliminary results of @entity409 treatment with the use of vibroaerosols in adult @entity1 . 21 @entity1 aged 16-73 y.o. (mean age 49 y.o) have been included in the study. The treatment included inhalation of medicines individually selected for the @entity1 , based on the results of the physical examination. The @entity1 have been divided into 2 groups, depending on the type of tympanogram. Group I included @entity1 with type A tympanogram and abnormal Eustachian tube patency test result. Group II comprised of @entity1 with type B or C tympanogram and abnormal Eustachian tube patency test result. After treatment, subjective improvement has been observed in 88.9% of the ears, objective improvement in 61.5% of the ears. In group II, objective improvement observed by the change of tympanogram has been observed in 85% of ears. Lack of correlation between objective and subjective improvement have been observed in 26% of the ears. In 11.1% of the ears no benefit from treatment has been observed. The correlation between subjective and objective improvement has been observed in 74% of ears. It appears that treatment with the use of vibroaerosols is beneficial for @entity1 with @entity409 .

title: [Physiotherapy of XXXX in adults--preliminary report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Eustachian tube dysfunction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Eustachian tube dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate apoptotic @entity5 cells as an antigen source for DC maturation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared the efficacy of ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation with that of gamma-irradiation in the induction of apoptosis of @entity5 cells. Phenotypic and functional changes of DCs were analyzed after co-incubation with UV-irradiated @entity5 cells. RESULTS: UV-irradiation (1.8 J/cm2) was a more reliable method of inducing apoptosis than gamma-irradiation (20,000 rad). The expression of costimulatory molecules on DCs was upregulated after co-incubation with UV-irradiated @entity5 cells. When we performed allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, UV-irradiated @entity5 cells-pulsed DCs stimulated allogeneic T lymphocytes more efficiently than DCs pulsed with gamma-irradiated cells (HT29, p = 0.0419 and WiDr, p = 0.0076). CONCLUSION: UV-irradiation reliably induces apoptosis in cultured @entity14 cells. DCs mature in function and expression of costimulatory molecules after co-incubation with apoptotic @entity5 cells. The clinical implications warrant further study.

title: Dendritic cell maturation induced by delivery of ultraviolet-mediated apoptotic XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity8668 ( @entity8668 ) has attracted considerable attention in media and professional publications. The aim of this review is to present a critical narrative overview of the published evidence on @entity8668 . A systematic search of key academic databases was undertaken with no time restrictions set for publication. This was supplemented by additional searches of key websites, reference chaining and enquiries to @entity1 working in the field. A total of 54 items are included in the review, including both empirical research studies (18) and debate papers (36). The key themes discussed are: terminology and definitions; incidence; experiences; explanations; implications; and policy responses. Significant methodological limitations and gaps in the literature are identified. Evidence on incidence is scant, though it suggests that @entity8668 is increasing. The literature suggests legal, social and political drivers, which vary in importance geographically and between individuals. Limited findings on @entity1 perceptions suggest a broadly positive @entity1 experience. Suggested policy responses include prohibition, regulatory harmonization and harm minimization. There is a need for better international data collection tools and both quantitative and qualitative work which encompasses views of @entity1 , donors, surrogates and professionals and which explores the implications for healthcare services in sending countries.

title: XXXX : a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['Cross-border reproductive care', 'CBRC']

answer: @entity8668 :: (MESH:D001882,Disease) :: ['Cross-border reproductive care']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) is reported to show patchy midwall @entity296 on delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI). The intramural distribution of @entity296 and its correlation with clinical symptoms, @entity943 , and cardiac function have not been described forsymptomatic apical @entity1121 . PURPOSE: To evaluate the features and significance of @entity296 on DE-MRI insymptomatic apical @entity1121 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with symptomatic apical @entity1121 and their 65 apical segments were investigated. @entity296 and regional and global functional parameters were determined with MRI. We investigated the intramural distribution and frequencies of this @entity296 and compared them with the @entity1 ' clinical symptoms, the presence of @entity943 , and cine MRI. RESULTS: Eight (61.5%) @entity1 with symptomatic apical @entity1121 displayed apical @entity296 , and 22 (33.8%) of the 65 apical segments examined showed @entity296 . Of the @entity296 observed, 81.8% showed a subendocardial pattern.The hyperenhanced @entity661 had a lower percentage of systolic myocardial thickening, and was associated with serious symptoms (e.g. @entity1163 ) and @entity943 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with symptomatic apical HCMshowed @entity296 involving the subendocardial layer, which might be related to regional @entity299 , serious clinical symptoms, and @entity943 .

title: Delayed-enhancement MRI of apical XXXX : assessment of the intramural distribution and comparison with clinical symptoms, @entity943 , and cine MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hyperenhancement', 'Myocardial hyperenhancement']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['apical myocardium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) is reported to show patchy midwall @entity296 on delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI). The intramural distribution of @entity296 and its correlation with clinical symptoms, @entity943 , and cardiac function have not been described forsymptomatic apical @entity1121 . PURPOSE: To evaluate the features and significance of @entity296 on DE-MRI insymptomatic apical @entity1121 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with symptomatic apical @entity1121 and their 65 apical segments were investigated. @entity296 and regional and global functional parameters were determined with MRI. We investigated the intramural distribution and frequencies of this @entity296 and compared them with the @entity1 ' clinical symptoms, the presence of @entity943 , and cine MRI. RESULTS: Eight (61.5%) @entity1 with symptomatic apical @entity1121 displayed apical @entity296 , and 22 (33.8%) of the 65 apical segments examined showed @entity296 . Of the @entity296 observed, 81.8% showed a subendocardial pattern.The hyperenhanced @entity661 had a lower percentage of systolic myocardial thickening, and was associated with serious symptoms (e.g. @entity1163 ) and @entity943 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with symptomatic apical HCMshowed @entity296 involving the subendocardial layer, which might be related to regional @entity299 , serious clinical symptoms, and @entity943 .

title: Delayed-enhancement MRI of apical @entity1121 : assessment of the intramural distribution and comparison with clinical symptoms, XXXX , and cine MRI.

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been reported that ultrasound (US)-elastography is helpful in differentiation of benign and malignant solid masses and in reducing benign biopsy procedures for the supplemental breast US in addition to screening mammography. Furthermore, potential application of US-elastography in distinguishing @entity5409 which is known to be a major source of benign biopsy results has been suggested. PURPOSE: To describe the aliasing artifact on US-elastography for @entity1558 that mimic solid masses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 13 lesions which showed a blue-green-red pattern artifact on US-elastography in 13 @entity1 (mean age 50 years; age range 3-66 years). They disappeared immediately after a needle biopsy. Breast composition, mammography and US findings, histology and follow-up imaging findings were analyzed. RESULTS: All 13 @entity1 showed heterogeneously dense (n=5) or extremely dense breast parenchyma (n=8). The most common US findings were an irregular shape (n=7, 54%) and a circumscribed margin (n=7, 54%). All 13 lesions had internal echogenicity and were initially considered as solid masses; 62% (n=8) showed hypoechogenicity and 38% (n=5) had echogenic and anechoic components. Posterior shadowing was seen in 31% (n=4) of the lesions. All 13 lesions have been proven to be fibrocystic changes on biopsy histology. Follow-up US performed for 10 of 13 lesions showed no residual lesion (n=9) or decreased its size (n=1). CONCLUSION: An aliasing artifact that appears as a blue-green-red pattern in a breast mass as depicted on US-elastography is suggestive of a possible @entity1558 .

title: Aliasing artifact depicted on ultrasound (US)-elastography for XXXX mimicking solid masses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['cystic breast lesion', 'breast cystic lesions']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast cystic lesions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Body composition (fat mass [FM] and skeletal muscle mass [SMM]) predicts clinical outcomes. In particular, loss of SMM ( @entity6288 ) is associated with frailty and mortality. There are no data on the prevalence and impact of FM and SMM in @entity1 undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The objective of this study is to determine body composition from pre-TAVI computed tomography (CT) and evaluate its association with clinical outcomes in @entity1 who underwent TAVI. A total of 460 @entity1 (mean age 81    8  years, @entity1 : 51%) were included. Pre-TAVI CTs of the aorto-ilio-femoral axis were analyzed for FM and SMM cross-sectional area at the level of the third lumbar vertebrae (L3). Regression equations correlating cross-sectional area at L3 to total body FM and SMM were used to determine prevalence of @entity6288 , @entity28 , and @entity28 in @entity1 (64%, 65%, and 46%, respectively). Most TAVI procedures were performed through a transfemoral approach (59%) using a balloon-expandable valve (94%). The 30-day and mid-term (median 12 months [interquartile range 6 to 27]) mortality rates were 6.1% and  29.6%, respectively. FM had no association with clinical outcomes, but @entity6288 predicted cumulative mortality (hazard ratio 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 2.36, p  = 0.04). In  conclusion, body composition analysis from pre-TAVI CT is feasible. @entity6288 , @entity28 , and @entity28 are prevalent in the TAVI population, with @entity6288 predictive of cumulative mortality.

title: Prognostic Value of Fat Mass and Skeletal Muscle Mass Determined by Computed Tomography in XXXX Who Underwent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenic obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia', 'sarcopenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to explore the culture of antibiotic prescribing and consumption in the community for @entity293 ( @entity293 ) from the perspective of the general practitioners (GPs) and community member. DESIGN: Indepth interviews were conducted with GPs, and focus groups were held with community members. SETTING: General practice and community setting. @entity1 : 15 GPs practising in rural and urban locations in Ireland participated in the indepth interviews. 6 focus groups (n=42) with @entity1 who had direct or indirect experiences with @entity293 were also undertaken. RESULTS: The decision to prescribe or consume an antibiotic for a @entity293 is a set of complex processes including need recognition, information search and evaluation processes governed by the relationship and interactions between the GP and the @entity1 . Different GP and @entity1 decision-making profiles emerged emphasising the diversity and variety of general practice in real-life settings. The GP findings showed a requirement for more microbiological information on antibiotic resistance patterns to inform prescribing decisions. Focus group @entity1 wanted a conversation with the GP about their illness and the treatment options available. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, this research identified the consultation as a priority intervention environment for stimulating change in relation to antibiotics. This paper demonstrates how qualitative research can identify the interacting processes which are instrumental to the decision to prescribe or consume an antibiotic for a suspected @entity293 . Qualitative research empowers researchers to investigate the what, how and why of interventions in real-life setting. Qualitative research can play a critical and instrumental role in designing behavioural change strategies with high impact on practice. The results of this research were used to design a complex intervention informed by social marketing. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01913860; Pre-results.

title: Using qualitative insights to change practice: exploring the culture of antibiotic prescribing and consumption for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an 8-week, task-oriented client-centered training (TOCCT) on physical function, perception of performance and satisfaction with the activities and achievement of training goals of individuals with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). SETTING: Khon Kaen, Thailand. METHODS: @entity1 were 12 @entity1 with @entity1566 living in Ubolratana District, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. Outcome measures consisted of physical function and perception of performance and satisfaction with the activities, which were assessed at pre- and post-training periods by using the Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, respectively. The achievement of training goals was also determined by the Goal Attainment Scale. Data were analyzed by using paired t-tests. RESULTS: The 8-week, TOCCT significantly improved physical function of the @entity1 (P=0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.22-7.12). Another positive impact of the training was found in the perceived levels of performance and satisfaction with the activities (P=0.001, 95% CI 1.31-3.49 and 1.68-3.67, respectively). Furthermore, at the end of the study, most of the @entity1 could reach their expected training goals. CONCLUSION: The 8-week, TOCCT significantly improved physical function and perception of performance and satisfaction with the activities of individuals with @entity1566 when compared with the pre-training period. The training could also help most of the @entity1 to achieve their training goals. Future studies with randomized controlled trial and longitudinal design are suggested to reveal further benefits of such training on individuals with @entity1566 .Spinal Cord advance online publication, 12 January 2016; doi:10.1038/sc.2015.237.

title: The impact of task-oriented client-centered training on individuals with XXXX in the community.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'persons']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single-walled @entity505 nanotubes (SWCNT) hold promise for applications as contrast agents and target delivery carriers in the field of nanomedicine. When administered in vivo, their biodistribution and pharmacological profile needs to be fully characterized. The tissue distribution of @entity505 nanotubes and their potential impact on metabolism depend on their shape, coating, and metallic impurities. Because standard radiolabeled or fluorescently-labeled pharmaceuticals are not well suited for long-term in vivo follow-up of @entity505 nanotubes, alternative methods are required. METHODS: In this study, noninvasive in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations combined with high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS), Raman spectroscopy, @entity68 assays, and histological analysis ex vivo were proposed and applied to assess the biodistribution and biological impact of intravenously injected pristine (raw and purified) and functionalized SWCNT in a 2-week longitudinal study. @entity68 impurities allowed raw detection of SWCNT in vivo by susceptibility-weighted MRI. RESULTS: A transitional accumulation in the spleen and liver was observed by MRI. Raman spectroscopy, @entity68 assays, and histological findings confirmed the MRI readouts. Moreover, no acute toxicological effect on the liver metabolic profile was observed using the HR-MAS technique, as confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. CONCLUSION: This study illustrates the potential of noninvasive MRI protocols for longitudinal assessment of the biodistribution of SWCNT with associated intrinsic metal impurities. The same approach can be used for any other magnetically-labeled nanoparticles.

title: In vivo biodistribution and biological impact of injected XXXX nanotubes using magnetic resonance techniques.

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: It has been shown that the invasive trypomastigote forms of @entity1527 use and modulate components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during the initial process of @entity281 . Infective trypomastigotes up-regulate the expression of laminin y-1 ( @entity41993 ) and thrombospondin (THBS1) to facilitate the recruitment of trypomastigotes to enhance cellular @entity281 . Silencing the expression of @entity41993 and THBS1 by stable RNAi dramatically reduces trypanosome @entity281 . @entity1527 gp83, a ligand that mediates the attachment of trypanosomes to cells to initiate @entity281 , up-regulates @entity41993 expression to enhance cellular @entity281 . Infective trypomastigotes interact with @entity41993 through galectin-3 ( @entity14813 ), a @entity1 lectin, to enhance cellular @entity281 . Silencing the expression of @entity14813 also reduces cellular @entity281 . Some trypanosome surface molecules also interact with the ECM to facilitate @entity281 . Despite the role of the ECM in @entity1527 @entity281 , almost nothing is known about the ECM interactome networks operating in the process of @entity1527 @entity281 . In this mini review, we critically analyze and discuss the regulation of the ECM by @entity1527 and its gp83 ligand, and present the first elucidation of the @entity1 ECM interactome network, regulated by @entity1527 and its gp83 ligand, to facilitate cellular @entity281 . The elucidation of the @entity1 ECM interactome regulated by @entity1527 is critically important to the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of @entity1527 @entity281 and developing novel approaches of intervention in @entity1526 .

title: REGULATION of the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX INTERACTOME by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) are among the most common @entity1 @entity281 . Many urinary tract bacteria are capable of expressing drug resistance. Resistant bacteria may be present from the commencement of the @entity281 or may develop during treatment. This study focused on the problem of antibiotic resistance to the first-line drugs that were used to treat @entity1 presenting with @entity293 at Rubaga hospital in Kampala, Uganda. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the major bacterial pathogens of symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity293 among @entity1 at Rubaga hospital. Furthermore, the study sought to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the major bacterial isolates to the first-line drugs used to treat @entity293 at Rubaga hospital. METHODS: Urine samples were aseptically collected and examined microscopically and were microbiologically cultured on blood agar, nutrient agar and on MacConkey agar. The isolates obtained were then identified using standard tests and tested for antimicrobial sensitivity by the Kirby-Bauer technique. RESULTS: The isolated pathogens included @entity526 (10.9%), Staphylococcus (31.9%), Streptococcus (9.2%), @entity4005 species (21.0%) and @entity795 species (10.1%). 20 (16.8%) of the isolates were @entity1132 fermenting gram-negative rods that were also @entity104 -negative. These isolates were termed 'unclassified coliforms' in this study but were probably Enterobacter species. On antimicrobial susceptibility testing, all the gram-negative isolates were significantly resistant to @entity115 , @entity799 , @entity2929 , and to @entity802 ; but were susceptible to @entity6616 . Among the gram-negative isolates, only @entity4005 species were significantly resistant (p<0.05) to @entity2177 . The gram-positive cocci were susceptible to @entity115 , @entity2177 , and to @entity2929 but resistant to @entity799 and @entity802 . Unlike the Staphylococcus species that were significantly resistant to @entity6616 , Streptococcus species were moderately susceptible to the drug. CONCLUSION: The common urinary tract bacteria detected in Rubaga hospital in Uganda were most sensitive to @entity2177 and @entity6616 .

title: The sensitivities to first-line antibiotic therapy of the common urinary tract bacterial XXXX detected in urine samples at a hospital in metropolitan Kampala (Uganda).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6616 :: ('MESH:D009582', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrofurantoin', 'Nitrofurantoin']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'Urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epistasis is one of the central themes in viral evolution due to its importance in drug resistance, immune escape, and interspecies transmission. However, there is a lack of experimental approach to systematically probe for epistatic residues. RESULTS: By utilizing the information from natural occurring sequences and high-throughput genetics, this study established a novel strategy to identify epistatic residues. The rationale is that a substitution that is deleterious in one strain may be prevalent in nature due to the presence of a naturally occurring compensatory substitution. Here, high-throughput genetics was applied to @entity11317 M segment to systematically identify deleterious substitutions. Comparison with natural sequence variation showed that a deleterious substitution M1 @entity72817 was prevalent in circulating strains. A coevolution analysis was then performed and indicated that M1 residues 121, 207, 209, and 214 naturally coevolved as a group. Subsequently, we experimentally validated that M1 @entity72818 was a compensatory substitution for M1 @entity72817 . CONCLUSIONS: This work provided a proof-of-concept to identify epistatic residues by coupling high-throughput genetics with phylogenetic information. In particular, we were able to identify an epistatic interaction between M1 substitutions @entity72818 and @entity72817 . This analytic strategy can potentially be adapted to study any protein of interest, provided that the information on natural sequence variants is available.

title: Coupling high-throughput genetics with phylogenetic information reveals an epistatic interaction on the XXXX M segment.

entities_list: @entity11317 :: ('11320', 'Species') :: ['influenza A virus']

answer: @entity11317 :: (11320,Species) :: ['influenza A virus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although external fixation and flexible intramedullary nailing have been extensively used in the management of @entity174 , there are very few studies, which have compared the results. The purpose of the study was to compare the results of external fixation and flexible intramedullary nailing in @entity174 . METHODS: Two groups of @entity1 were treated by external fixator (EF) and flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) over two different but successive time periods and results compared. The first group (EF) consisted of 45 @entity1 , and the second group had 50 @entity1 . RESULTS: The age in EF group ranged from 6 to 14  years (average 9.93  years), and the age in FIN group ranged from 6 to 11  years (average 7.66  years). In the EF group, fixator was removed at an average of 12.23  weeks. In the FIN group, radiographic union was evident at an average time of 10.06  weeks. Pin-site infection was common in EF group. One @entity1 had a re-fracture in EF group, and one @entity1 had to be re-operated in FIN group after he developed anterior angulation of more than 30  . CONCLUSION: We believe that it is the discretion of the surgeon to operate on the femur fracture using either of the treatment modalities. Further randomized studies need to be conducted between these two treatment modalities.

title: Use of external fixator versus flexible intramedullary nailing in closed XXXX : comparing results using data from two cohort studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric femur fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pediatric femur fractures']