abstract: The treatment of @entity1 with apparent @entity4145 is controversial. In an asymptomatic @entity1 or @entity1 the decision to recommend pyeloplasty usually is based on interpretation of the renal scan. We retrospectively analyzed the renal biopsy obtained during pyeloplasty in 55 @entity1 . Histological changes were compared to the differential renal function revealed on the preoperative renal scan. Histological changes were graded on a scale of I to V; I--normal, II--mild dilatation of the collecting tubules or Bowman's space and III to V--progressively severe changes of obstructive @entity3551 , including reduced glomerular number, @entity8 , @entity45 and @entity32 . @entity1 age ranged from 4 days to 19 years (mean 4.8 years). Mean differential function according to histological grade was I--49%, II--43%, III--42%, IV--30% and V--25%. Of 33 @entity1 with a differential function of 40% or greater 26 (79%) had a grade I or II biopsy, while 21% had a more significant alteration in renal histology. In contrast when the differential function was less than 40% 6 of 18 @entity1 (33%) had grade I or II disease on biopsy. In conclusion, in approximately 25% of @entity1 with @entity4145 there is a disparity between preoperative differential renal function computed during diuretic renography and renal biopsy.

title: Renal histological changes secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular hyalinization']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['cortical cysts']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']

answer: @entity4145 :: (MESH:C537373,Disease) :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']


abstract: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 101 pediatric @entity1 who underwent uncomplicated ureteral reimplantation and were treated with postoperative epidural catheters for @entity158 management. A total of 50 pediatric @entity1 treated without epidural anesthesia was used as the control group. Length of hospital stay, time to first bowel activity, doses of narcotics, incidence of @entity86 and evidence of epidural catheter related morbidities were documented. The costs of postoperative epidural anesthesia versus standard analgesics were compared. There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay or return of bowel function between treatment groups. Total doses of narcotics given during the hospital stay were significantly less for the epidural group (p < 0.05). The @entity1 given epidural anesthesia also had a significant increase in the incidence of @entity86 (p < 0.05) and 25% had catheter related problems that often resulted in early removal of the epidural catheter. The cost of @entity158 management using an epidural catheter was significantly greater than that of the standard narcotic regimen ( 708 versus  14, p < 0.001). Continuous epidural infusion provides satisfactory @entity158 control after ureteroneocystostomy in @entity1 without delaying hospital discharge. This technique of @entity158 management is associated with a significant increase in the incidence of @entity86 and overall cost compared to standard methods of postoperative @entity158 management.

title: Continuous epidural anesthesia after ureteroneocystostomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIM: To compare the effect of @entity460 and @entity3875 alone and along with additional @entity3163 or @entity7923 on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ). METHODS: @entity1 (n =148) with reduced @entity79 (T-score < -1) were randomized to receive @entity3875 (1000 IU) and @entity13621 (800 mg) daily alone(group A, n = 32) or along with additional @entity3163 (25 mg bid) (group B, n = 62) or additional @entity7923 (1 mg iv/3-monthly) (group C, n = 54). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and proximal right femur and X-rays of the spine were performed at baseline and after 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 years. @entity174 -assessment included visual reading of X-rays and quantitative morphometry of vertebral bodies (T4-L4). RESULTS: One hundred and twenty three (83.1%) @entity1 completed the first year for intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Ninety two (62.2%) @entity1 completed the second year and 71 (47.8%) the third year available for per-protocol (PP) analysis. With a significant increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by +0.28    0.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.162-0.460, P < 0.01], +0.33    0.49 (95% CI: 0.109-0.558, P < 0.01), +0.43    0.47 (95% CI: 0.147-0.708, P < 0.01) in group A, +0.22    0.33 (95% CI: 0.125-0.321, P < 0.01); +0.47    0.60 (95% CI: 0.262-0.676, P < 0.01), +0.51    0.44 (95% CI: 0.338-0.682, P < 0.01) in group B and +0.22    0.38 (95% CI: 0.111-0.329, P < 0.01), +0.36    0.53 (95% CI: 0.147-0.578, P < 0.01), +0.41    0.48 (95% CI: 0.238-0.576, P < 0.01) in group C, respectively, during the 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 year periods (PP analysis), no treatment regimen was superior in any in- or between-group analyses. In the ITT analysis, similar results in all in- and between-group analyses with a significant in-group but non-significant between-group increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by 0.38    0.46 (group A, P < 0.01), 0.37    0.50 (group B, P < 0.01) and 0.35    0.49 (group C, P < 0.01) was observed. Follow-up in ITT analysis was still 2.65 years. One @entity174 in the @entity3163 group was detected. Study medication was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Additional @entity3163 or @entity7923 had no benefit over @entity460 and @entity3875 alone in managing reduced @entity79 in @entity30 .

title: Bones and Crohn's: no benefit of adding @entity3163 or @entity7923 to XXXX and vitamin D.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity7923 :: ('MESH:C073007', 'Chemical') :: ['ibandronate']

entities_list: @entity13621 :: ('MESH:D019355', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium citrate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: AIM: To compare the effect of @entity460 and @entity3875 alone and along with additional @entity3163 or @entity7923 on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ). METHODS: @entity1 (n =148) with reduced @entity79 (T-score < -1) were randomized to receive @entity3875 (1000 IU) and @entity13621 (800 mg) daily alone(group A, n = 32) or along with additional @entity3163 (25 mg bid) (group B, n = 62) or additional @entity7923 (1 mg iv/3-monthly) (group C, n = 54). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and proximal right femur and X-rays of the spine were performed at baseline and after 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 years. @entity174 -assessment included visual reading of X-rays and quantitative morphometry of vertebral bodies (T4-L4). RESULTS: One hundred and twenty three (83.1%) @entity1 completed the first year for intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Ninety two (62.2%) @entity1 completed the second year and 71 (47.8%) the third year available for per-protocol (PP) analysis. With a significant increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by +0.28    0.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.162-0.460, P < 0.01], +0.33    0.49 (95% CI: 0.109-0.558, P < 0.01), +0.43    0.47 (95% CI: 0.147-0.708, P < 0.01) in group A, +0.22    0.33 (95% CI: 0.125-0.321, P < 0.01); +0.47    0.60 (95% CI: 0.262-0.676, P < 0.01), +0.51    0.44 (95% CI: 0.338-0.682, P < 0.01) in group B and +0.22    0.38 (95% CI: 0.111-0.329, P < 0.01), +0.36    0.53 (95% CI: 0.147-0.578, P < 0.01), +0.41    0.48 (95% CI: 0.238-0.576, P < 0.01) in group C, respectively, during the 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 year periods (PP analysis), no treatment regimen was superior in any in- or between-group analyses. In the ITT analysis, similar results in all in- and between-group analyses with a significant in-group but non-significant between-group increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by 0.38    0.46 (group A, P < 0.01), 0.37    0.50 (group B, P < 0.01) and 0.35    0.49 (group C, P < 0.01) was observed. Follow-up in ITT analysis was still 2.65 years. One @entity174 in the @entity3163 group was detected. Study medication was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Additional @entity3163 or @entity7923 had no benefit over @entity460 and @entity3875 alone in managing reduced @entity79 in @entity30 .

title: Bones and Crohn's: no benefit of adding @entity3163 or XXXX to @entity460 and vitamin D.

answer: @entity7923 :: (MESH:C073007,Chemical) :: ['ibandronate']


abstract: AIM: To compare the effect of @entity460 and @entity3875 alone and along with additional @entity3163 or @entity7923 on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ). METHODS: @entity1 (n =148) with reduced @entity79 (T-score < -1) were randomized to receive @entity3875 (1000 IU) and @entity13621 (800 mg) daily alone(group A, n = 32) or along with additional @entity3163 (25 mg bid) (group B, n = 62) or additional @entity7923 (1 mg iv/3-monthly) (group C, n = 54). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and proximal right femur and X-rays of the spine were performed at baseline and after 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 years. @entity174 -assessment included visual reading of X-rays and quantitative morphometry of vertebral bodies (T4-L4). RESULTS: One hundred and twenty three (83.1%) @entity1 completed the first year for intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Ninety two (62.2%) @entity1 completed the second year and 71 (47.8%) the third year available for per-protocol (PP) analysis. With a significant increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by +0.28    0.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.162-0.460, P < 0.01], +0.33    0.49 (95% CI: 0.109-0.558, P < 0.01), +0.43    0.47 (95% CI: 0.147-0.708, P < 0.01) in group A, +0.22    0.33 (95% CI: 0.125-0.321, P < 0.01); +0.47    0.60 (95% CI: 0.262-0.676, P < 0.01), +0.51    0.44 (95% CI: 0.338-0.682, P < 0.01) in group B and +0.22    0.38 (95% CI: 0.111-0.329, P < 0.01), +0.36    0.53 (95% CI: 0.147-0.578, P < 0.01), +0.41    0.48 (95% CI: 0.238-0.576, P < 0.01) in group C, respectively, during the 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 year periods (PP analysis), no treatment regimen was superior in any in- or between-group analyses. In the ITT analysis, similar results in all in- and between-group analyses with a significant in-group but non-significant between-group increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by 0.38    0.46 (group A, P < 0.01), 0.37    0.50 (group B, P < 0.01) and 0.35    0.49 (group C, P < 0.01) was observed. Follow-up in ITT analysis was still 2.65 years. One @entity174 in the @entity3163 group was detected. Study medication was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Additional @entity3163 or @entity7923 had no benefit over @entity460 and @entity3875 alone in managing reduced @entity79 in @entity30 .

title: Bones and Crohn's: no benefit of adding XXXX or @entity7923 to @entity460 and vitamin D.

answer: @entity3163 :: (MESH:D012969,Chemical) :: ['sodium fluoride']


abstract: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a common disease characterized by @entity32 and irreversible destruction of articular cartilage and bone. In this report, we examined the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of a novel @entity6963 analogue, UTL-5b (also known as GBL-5b), for potential @entity309 treatment. Using a carrageenan-induced @entity4 study in @entity35 , UTL-5b exhibited a better anti-inflammatory effect as compared with @entity6963 and its metabolite. The chronic efficacy of UTL-5b was examined using type II collagen-induced @entity625 (CIA) @entity19 model. UTL-5b exerted an anti-arthritic effect in a dose-dependant manner with @entity19 given 30 mg/kg exhibiting amelioration of disease early in the trial, but losing statistical significance over time. In contrast, @entity19 treated with 60 mg/kg showed reduced clinical disease parameters early in the trial and these effects were sustained over the ten week trial period. Mechanistic studies indicate that UTL-5b is an inhibitor of @entity637 production in vivo. Oral administration of UTL-5b prior to i.p. injection with lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ @entity8688 markedly reduced the levels of serum @entity637 and increased survival rates of animals from @entity326 -induced @entity204 . Acute @entity137 study using @entity19 receiving increasing doses of UTL-5b showed that no animals were killed by UTL-5b at 2,000 mg/kg (LD(50) >2,000 mg/kg). Our studies show that UTL-5b represents a novel anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agent with potential therapeutic application for @entity309 treatment.

title: Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Effects of a Novel XXXX Analogue, UTL-5b (GBL-5b).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity8688 :: ('CHEBI:60313', 'Chemical') :: ['D-galactosamine']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity6963 :: (MESH:C045463,Chemical) :: ['Leflunomide']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study is to test the effect of low dose radiation on the subfoveal neovascular membranes (SNVM) and to analyse visual acuity in age-related @entity1020 . METHODS AND @entity1 : From November 1993 through to August 1994, 10 @entity1 , on the one hand, were given a dose of 5 Gy followed by controls 6 weeks and 6 months later. On the other hand, 21 @entity1 were treated with a dose of 8 Gy and were subjected to controls 6 weeks later. Before the radiotherapy and during the control sessions, all @entity1 were required to be measured for different parameters of visual acuity and to receive a simultaneous @entity941 and @entity3194 angiography. The radiotherapy was done by a linear accelerator 6 MeV and through a lateral port 3 x 4 cm in half beam technic. RESULTS: In the 5 Gy group, no changes in the parameters for visual acuity were noted in most cases after 6 months. In 9 of the cases, the membranes had increased in size and in 1 case, they had remained unchanged. In the 8 Gy group, no changes in the visual acuity or in the membrane size were diagnosed. Of all the @entity1 treated, only one refused the angiography control. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Given the low dose used and the period of observation, the visual acuity of all @entity1 remained stable. The size of the membranes increased in most cases for those 5 Gy @entity1 and in this respect, no changes at all were noted in the 8 Gy @entity1 . In order to better evaluate the potential of radiotherapy, this study must be pursued and coupled with further studies analysing the effect of different doses on @entity1 .

title: [Low dosage radiotherapy of subfoveal neovascularization in age-related XXXX . Preliminary results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence and severity of @entity56 in @entity1 in different regions. We hypothesised that regions with different standardised hospital admission rates would have different prevalences of @entity565 and that diverse climates would result in a range of sensitisations to different allergens. DESIGN AND SETTING: We studied large random population samples of @entity1 in seven regions in New South Wales (NSW) in 1991-1993. Hospitalisation rates were obtained from NSW Department of Health data. @entity1 : 6394 @entity1 aged 8-11 years. OUTCOME MEASURES: History of respiratory symptoms by self-administered questionnaire; airway hyperresponsiveness by @entity112 inhalation test; and sensitisation to allergens by skin-prick tests. RESULTS: @entity1 in all regions had a high prevalence of recent wheeze (22%-27%), of diagnosed @entity565 (24%-38%) and of use of @entity565 medications (22%-30%), but no region was consistently higher or lower for all measurements. The prevalence of current @entity565 in @entity1 living in three coastal regions (where sensitisation to house-dust mites was high) and in the far west (where sensitisation to alternaria was high) was 12%-13%, which was significantly higher than the prevalence of 7%-10% in @entity1 living in three inland regions (where sensitisation to these allergens was lower) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We found significant variations in the prevalence and severity of @entity565 in NSW. The prevalence of hospitalisations, diagnosed @entity565 , recent symptoms and medication use may relate to different regional diagnostic patterns, whereas current @entity565 prevalence may relate to different levels of @entity56 .

title: Prevalence and severity of XXXX in seven climatic regions of New South Wales.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['childhood asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic sensitisation', 'asthma and of allergic sensitisation']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['childhood asthma and allergic sensitisation']


abstract: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is a common condition that often presents in childhood. Although there is a general perception of cyclic annual trends in @entity697 , no one has tried to identify any seasonal variation on its prevalence and incidence, associate environmental influences and impute geographic, ethnic, or even genetic features that may contribute to its onset. We aimed to analyze the influence of climate and geographic parameters on annual fluctuation of @entity697 cases referred to the Emergency Departments (EDs) of Norwich (UK) and Heraklion (Crete, Greece), compare all identifiable potential triggers and severity, and calculate the prevalence and incidence of @entity697 . Record-based data of all @entity1 up to 14 yr of age referred to both EDs between June 2005 and May 2007 were examined retrospectively. Demographic characteristics and any potential identifiable triggers of @entity697 were recorded and compared. Poisson's regression was utilized to examine any influence of meteorological parameters on @entity697 incidence. Edwards' test for seasonality was applied to identify any significant seasonal trend of the @entity697 incidence within each city. Seven hundred and twenty-nine @entity697 cases were identified (324 in Norwich and 405 in Heraklion), among 56,624 total referrals (28,931 and 27,693 cases, respectively). @entity1729 were found to be the most commonly associated potential triggers of @entity697 and food allergens the least. @entity697 cases and incidence rates in both cities were equally distributed during the study period. A non-significant seasonal trend in @entity697 incidence (October, April-May) was observed in Norwich, in contrast to a significant seasonal pattern (December, February-May) of @entity697 in Heraklion. Temperature was inversely associated with @entity697 incidence, while the statistically significant effect of relative humidity varied. Acute childhood @entity110 shows a similar epidemiological pattern in northern and southern Europe regardless of the expected differences in genetic, geographic, and environmental background. Temperature and humidity are correlated with @entity697 incidence. @entity6185 , the most prominent associated trigger of @entity697 , coincides with the observed @entity697 seasonality, suggesting a potential linkage. However, this needs to be elucidated from larger epidemiological studies.

title: Childhood acute XXXX in northern and southern Europe shows a similar epidemiological pattern and significant meteorological influences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6185 :: ('MESH:D045169', 'Disease') :: ['Seasonality of several acute respiratory viral infections']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute urticaria', 'AU']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: This is a case of chromosome 22q11 deletion in a female Chinese @entity1 with @entity2418 . @entity299 included a @entity1892 interrupted aortic arch from the descending aorta with an @entity5216 , a large @entity1757 , a small @entity118 and a large patent ductus arteriosus. This @entity1 was small for her age and showed symptoms of feeding difficulties, chronic @entity294 and @entity154 (frontal bossing, @entity5766 , @entity717 , @entity9963 and @entity4239 ). Chest film did not reveal a thymic shadow. Immunological studies showed a low T-cell ratio (20%). Laboratory tests revealed a borderline low serum @entity460 level. The karyotype, 46, XX, del(22) (q11.21-->q11.23), was observed by high-resolution banding techniques. Cardiac surgery was successfully performed at 1 month of age. Operative findings confirmed @entity299 . To our knowledge, this is the first Taiwanese case of @entity2418 proven immunologically and cytogenetically.

title: Microdeletion of chromosomal region 22q11 in XXXX : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial dysmorphisms']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['posteriorly rotated ears']

entities_list: @entity9963 :: ('MESH:D005393', 'Disease') :: ['fish-like mouth']

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['aplasia of the thymus and the above complex cardiac anomalies', 'Cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['DiGeorge syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant right subclavian artery']

answer: @entity2418 :: (MESH:D004062,Disease) :: ['DiGeorge syndrome']


abstract: It is well established that @entity172 are potent stimulators of @entity3695 (PRL) secretion. It has also been demonstrated that @entity53 (E2) can increase the expression and the anterior pituitary levels of the vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ), a peptide which also acts as a potent PRL-releasing factor. It thus remained unknown whether the effects on pituitary @entity12180 were due to E2 itself or to E2-induced @entity4089 ( @entity4089 ). In order to test this hypothesis, various plasma PRL levels were induced in @entity35 either with ectopic pituitary grafts, PRL secreting @entity5 or E2 implants, and @entity12180 mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary was measured by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses. Whereas decreases in @entity12180 mRNA can be observed in pituitaries of @entity35 with pure @entity4089 , a 6-fold increase in @entity12180 mRNA can be seen in E2-treated @entity35 . E2 increased both 1.0 and 1.7 Kb @entity12180 mRNA species. The presence of the graft in E2-treated @entity35 significantly reduced the increase in VIPmRNA observed following E2. The direct stimulation by E2 of @entity12180 mRNA expression was further demonstrated by the fact that statistical analysis of the data indicated that both E2 and graft were acting independently of each other, and that a new selective antiestrogen, @entity62673 , almost totally blocked the effect of E2. Moreover, under similar experimental conditions, pituitary PRL mRNA levels were reduced in the graft group and a marked up-regulation was observed similarly in both E2 and in E2 @entity35 bearing ectopic grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX induces vasoactive intestinal peptide and @entity3695 gene expression in the @entity35 anterior pituitary independently of plasma @entity3695 levels.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['HPRL', 'hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['Estradiol']


abstract: It is well established that @entity172 are potent stimulators of @entity3695 (PRL) secretion. It has also been demonstrated that @entity53 (E2) can increase the expression and the anterior pituitary levels of the vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ), a peptide which also acts as a potent PRL-releasing factor. It thus remained unknown whether the effects on pituitary @entity12180 were due to E2 itself or to E2-induced @entity4089 ( @entity4089 ). In order to test this hypothesis, various plasma PRL levels were induced in @entity35 either with ectopic pituitary grafts, PRL secreting @entity5 or E2 implants, and @entity12180 mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary was measured by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses. Whereas decreases in @entity12180 mRNA can be observed in pituitaries of @entity35 with pure @entity4089 , a 6-fold increase in @entity12180 mRNA can be seen in E2-treated @entity35 . E2 increased both 1.0 and 1.7 Kb @entity12180 mRNA species. The presence of the graft in E2-treated @entity35 significantly reduced the increase in VIPmRNA observed following E2. The direct stimulation by E2 of @entity12180 mRNA expression was further demonstrated by the fact that statistical analysis of the data indicated that both E2 and graft were acting independently of each other, and that a new selective antiestrogen, @entity62673 , almost totally blocked the effect of E2. Moreover, under similar experimental conditions, pituitary PRL mRNA levels were reduced in the graft group and a marked up-regulation was observed similarly in both E2 and in E2 @entity35 bearing ectopic grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity53 induces vasoactive intestinal peptide and XXXX gene expression in the @entity35 anterior pituitary independently of plasma @entity3695 levels.

answer: @entity3695 :: (24683(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: It is well established that @entity172 are potent stimulators of @entity3695 (PRL) secretion. It has also been demonstrated that @entity53 (E2) can increase the expression and the anterior pituitary levels of the vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ), a peptide which also acts as a potent PRL-releasing factor. It thus remained unknown whether the effects on pituitary @entity12180 were due to E2 itself or to E2-induced @entity4089 ( @entity4089 ). In order to test this hypothesis, various plasma PRL levels were induced in @entity35 either with ectopic pituitary grafts, PRL secreting @entity5 or E2 implants, and @entity12180 mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary was measured by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses. Whereas decreases in @entity12180 mRNA can be observed in pituitaries of @entity35 with pure @entity4089 , a 6-fold increase in @entity12180 mRNA can be seen in E2-treated @entity35 . E2 increased both 1.0 and 1.7 Kb @entity12180 mRNA species. The presence of the graft in E2-treated @entity35 significantly reduced the increase in VIPmRNA observed following E2. The direct stimulation by E2 of @entity12180 mRNA expression was further demonstrated by the fact that statistical analysis of the data indicated that both E2 and graft were acting independently of each other, and that a new selective antiestrogen, @entity62673 , almost totally blocked the effect of E2. Moreover, under similar experimental conditions, pituitary PRL mRNA levels were reduced in the graft group and a marked up-regulation was observed similarly in both E2 and in E2 @entity35 bearing ectopic grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity53 induces vasoactive intestinal peptide and @entity3695 gene expression in the @entity35 anterior pituitary independently of plasma XXXX levels.

answer: @entity3695 :: (24683(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: It is well established that @entity172 are potent stimulators of @entity3695 (PRL) secretion. It has also been demonstrated that @entity53 (E2) can increase the expression and the anterior pituitary levels of the vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ), a peptide which also acts as a potent PRL-releasing factor. It thus remained unknown whether the effects on pituitary @entity12180 were due to E2 itself or to E2-induced @entity4089 ( @entity4089 ). In order to test this hypothesis, various plasma PRL levels were induced in @entity35 either with ectopic pituitary grafts, PRL secreting @entity5 or E2 implants, and @entity12180 mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary was measured by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses. Whereas decreases in @entity12180 mRNA can be observed in pituitaries of @entity35 with pure @entity4089 , a 6-fold increase in @entity12180 mRNA can be seen in E2-treated @entity35 . E2 increased both 1.0 and 1.7 Kb @entity12180 mRNA species. The presence of the graft in E2-treated @entity35 significantly reduced the increase in VIPmRNA observed following E2. The direct stimulation by E2 of @entity12180 mRNA expression was further demonstrated by the fact that statistical analysis of the data indicated that both E2 and graft were acting independently of each other, and that a new selective antiestrogen, @entity62673 , almost totally blocked the effect of E2. Moreover, under similar experimental conditions, pituitary PRL mRNA levels were reduced in the graft group and a marked up-regulation was observed similarly in both E2 and in E2 @entity35 bearing ectopic grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity53 induces vasoactive intestinal peptide and @entity3695 gene expression in the XXXX anterior pituitary independently of plasma @entity3695 levels.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A retrospective analysis of the ultrasonic charts of 150 pregnancies with a birth weight below the tenth percentile is presented. In all cases the first scan was carried out before the 20th week of gestation to assess gestational age measuring crown to rump length or @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ). Subsequent scans every 4 weeks measured @entity5562 or abdominal circumference. Birth weight was below the fifth percentile in 70 cases and between the fifth and tenth percentiles in 80 cases. A risk condition was found in 32.26%. The first observation of an abnormal parameter was widely spread throughout the latter half of the pregnancy. The management of @entity1592 included close observation and often required planned delivery. Cesarean section was required in 30.75% of the cases. Acute @entity147 has been the indication in 17.6% of cases and chronic @entity147 in 41.3%. Perinatal mortality was 6.66%. The need for criteria that will accurately detect the fetus most at risk from complications of @entity1592 is stressed.

title: Management of XXXX : diagnostic and clinical aspects.

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['BPD', 'biparietal diameter']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['fetal distress']

answer: @entity1592 :: (MESH:D005317,Disease) :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']


abstract: The choledochus and pancreatic duct ordinarily enter the duodenum either separately or via a common channel located in the duodenal wall. The usual maximal length of the common channel is approximately 0.5 cm. An anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary tract is defined by the presence of an unusually long common channel whose length is 1 cm or longer. During the last 8 years, we studied 9 cases of @entity384 of the bile duct. Besides the @entity2941 , all @entity1 had a common channel which measured 1.5 cm or longer. The mean age of @entity1 (6 females, 3 males) was 36.5 years. Three @entity1 had @entity1126 . One @entity1 , a 51-year old @entity1 , had @entity1086 without stones while the two other @entity1 , a 43-year old @entity1 and a 32-year old @entity1 , had @entity189 arising from the wall of the @entity384 . These two @entity1 had undergone a simple internal drainage procedure 16 and 8 years before, respectively. Our study suggests that the anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary tract, an @entity2085 which allows the reflux of pancreatic juice into the bile duct and gallbladder, may be responsible for @entity1126 . Total excision of the @entity384 and the gallbladder with hepaticojejunostomy is the appropriate surgical treatment.

title: [ XXXX of the common bile duct, anomaly of the biliopancreatic junction and cancer of the bile ducts].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic anomaly']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation', 'congenital dilatation']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['congenital bile duct dilatation and biliary tract carcinoma', 'extrahepatic bile tract carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Congenital cystic dilatation']


abstract: @entity14855 (CN), a @entity141 /calmodulin-regulated phosphatase 2B, plays an important role in many biological processes including T-cell signal transduction. In the present study, the distribution and activity of CN were investigated in @entity35 tissues. CN has a wide tissue distribution, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CN concentrations are 0.2-0.6 micrograms/mg protein in most tissues, while the brain contains 3-10-fold higher concentrations. Immunohistochemical analyses using a monoclonal antibody to CN B subunit reveals that CN is not evenly distributed but concentrated in specific cells, especially in the brain, kidneys and testis. The specific enzymic activity of CN in tissues is around 10 pmol.min.mg protein-1, except in brain and liver (60 pmol.min-1.mg protein-1 compared to 3.6 pmol.min-1.mg protein-1). The immunosuppressants @entity205 and @entity1140 , but not @entity3446 , inhibit the phosphatase activity of CN derived from most tissues tested, while CN activity from liver was resistant to @entity205 . Furthermore, transcripts and protein of the common CN B subunit and of the testis-specific form of CN B subunit were analyzed. The common CN B subunit transcripts and protein are detected in all tissues. Transcripts for the 'testis-specific' CN B subunit are also found in brain, lung, thymus and heart, while the protein is only detected in testis. This indicates that the testis-specific CN B subunit gene expression is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The findings demonstrate that CN is a widely distributed protein phosphatase and that its activity is regulated in a tissue-specific manner.

title: Distribution and activity of calcineurin in XXXX tissues. Evidence for post-transcriptional regulation of testis-specific calcineurin B.

entities_list: @entity14855 :: ('CHEBI:53439', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcineurin']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from 672 female @entity1 with @entity6 between 17 and 42 years of age were collected by questionnaire. Mean manifestation age was 19.9 years ( @entity1009 , max. 38). RESULTS: 72.39% of the @entity1 were treated with @entity2690 ; one third had successful pregnancies. Only one of ten @entity6 delivered more than once after @entity6 had become manifest. At the time of the study, 126 (19.1%) of the @entity1 attempted pregnancy; about one-fifth of these for more than 2 years. @entity6 manifestation occurred significantly earlier in @entity1 who did not achieve conception. Correlation between daily @entity2690 dose and @entity249 was proved, whereas duration of @entity6 had no significant influence on fertility. @entity7992 was found in 0.62%, among nulliparous @entity1 1.64%, respectively. Contraception was performed in 64.2% (32.8% hormonal contraceptives, 18.6% IUD, 1.8% natural family planning, 11.0% tubal sterilisation or hysterectomy, 35.8% no contraception). 47% of the used oral contraceptives contained a reduced @entity2931 dose (30 micrograms @entity53 ). In one third of the users, IUD were longer than 5 years in place. Tubal sterilisation was found in 69 (10.44%) of @entity6 @entity1 ; in 51 cases before the age of 30 years. CONCLUSIONS: Contraceptive methods should be selected carefully. @entity6 @entity1 unsuccessfully attempting pregnancy should be referred early to a centre for reproductive medicine.

title: [ XXXX --an epidemiologic study of fertility, contraception and sterility].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'Diabetic', 'diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity7992 :: ('MESH:D000026', 'Disease') :: ['Habitual abortion']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Deposition of immunoglobulins, complement proteins @entity6300 , C3c, @entity8428 , C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, and terminal complement complex neoantigens in the renal tubulointerstitium was studied in serial sections by immunofluorescence microscopy. Renal tissue from 45 cases with various @entity8 , including 8 controls, was studied. The @entity1 were divided into groups; one with @entity75 (24 cases) and the other without (13 cases). The immunoproteins were deposited mainly in the tubular basement membrane and blood vessels. Compared with controls there was a significantly increased staining score for C5 to C9 in the tubular basement membrane in both disease groups. However, the increase in terminal complement complex neoantigens score was significant only in the disease group with tubulo interstitial lesions. The changes in @entity8428 score were not significant. Serial sections showed consistent and heavy ribbon-like deposits of complement proteins @entity8428 , C5 to C9, and terminal complement complex neoantigens in corresponding locations of the segments of tubular basement membrane, mainly in the disease group with @entity75 and especially in the damaged tubules. These findings suggest that in situ activation of the complement cascade leads to the deposition of terminal complement complex neoantigens. Complement activation in the basal area of the tubules may, therefore, be an important pathogenetic mechanism in @entity16 .

title: Role of complement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular diseases']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial damage']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal tubular damage']


abstract: Claims for medical liability mostly arise when a @entity1 believes that his @entity2459 was not accurately diagnosed, diagnosed too late or insufficiently or was not well treated. Guided by seven expert opinions potential problems in indemnity were depicted. A clear misdiagnosis of sudden @entity393 (e.g., a @entity393 taken for @entity5274 ) will lead to an accusation of malpractice if the doctor cannot prove an accurate otological examination and appropriate diagnostic studies. The burden of proof lies with the doctor. A further consequence of a missed diagnosis is a delay in treatment. In the literature the good prognostic factor of early treatment has been stressed but without delineating a clearcut line between "in time" and "too late". An accusation of malpractice by insufficient treatment (pills instead of infusions) has risen. Since an unequivocal treatment is not established and various modalities of therapy are still controversial, disputes could be settled more easily. The validity of "no treatment" may be considered but requires accurate diagnosis and the @entity1 must give informed consent. Such a procedure is justifiable, even from an ethical standpoint, when the @entity1 fully understands and agrees.

title: [Expert assessment within the scope of the XXXX picture].

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['eustachian tube disorder']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden deafness']

answer: @entity2459 :: (MESH:D003639,Disease) :: ['sudden deafness disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to quantitatively define proliferative and infiltrative cell responses after focal 125I irradiation of normal brain, and to determine the effects of an intravenous infusion of @entity11747 ( @entity11747 ) on those responses. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Adult @entity235 were irradiated using high activity 125I sources. Saline (control) or @entity11747 (150 mg/kg/day) was infused for 18 days starting 2 days before irradiation. At varying times up to 8 weeks after irradiation, brain tissues were collected and the cell responses in and around the focal lesion were quantified. Immunohistochemical stains were used to label astrocytes ( @entity4869 ), vascular endothelial cells ( @entity11691 ), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs; MAC 387) and cells synthesizing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ( @entity1603 ). Cellular responses were quantified using a histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: After radiation alone, cellular events included a substantial acute inflammatory response followed by increased @entity1603 labeling and progressive increases in numbers of capillaries and astrocytes. @entity11747 treatment significantly affected the measured cell responses. As in controls, an early inflammatory response was measured, but after 2 weeks there were more PMNs/unit area than in controls. The onset of measurable @entity1603 labeling was delayed in @entity11747 -treated animals, and the magnitude of labeling was significantly reduced. Increases in astrocyte and vessel numbers/mm2 were observed after a 2-week delay. At the site of implant, astrocytes from @entity11747 -treated @entity235 were significantly smaller than those from controls. CONCLUSIONS: There is substantial cell proliferation and infiltration in response to interstitial irradiation of normal brain, and these responses are significantly altered by @entity11747 treatment. Although the precise mechanisms by which @entity11747 exerts its effects in this model are not known, the results from this study suggest that modification of @entity1161 may be possible by manipulating the response of normal cells to injury.

title: Cellular proliferation and infiltration following interstitial irradiation of normal XXXX brain is altered by an inhibitor of polyamine synthesis.

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity11747 :: ('CHEBI:41948', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-difluoromethylornithine', 'alpha-Difluoromethylornithine', 'DFMO']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and @entity137 of stereotactic radiosurgery using the gamma knife for @entity5513 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between January 1990 and January 1993, 36 @entity1 with @entity5513 were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery using the gamma knife. The median maximum @entity5 diameter was 21 mm (range: 6-32 mm). @entity5 volumes encompassed within the prescribed isodose line varied from 266 to 8,667 mm3 (median: 3,135 mm3). @entity5 < or = 20 mm in maximum diameter received a dose of 20 Gy to the margin, @entity5 between 21 and 30 mm received 18 Gy, and @entity5 > 30 mm received 16 Gy. The dose was prescribed to the 50% isodose line in 31 @entity1 and to the 45%, 55%, 60%, 70%, and 80% isodose line in one @entity1 each. The median number of isocenters per @entity5 was 5 (range: 1-12). RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 16 months (range: 2.5-36 months), all @entity1 were alive. Thirty-five @entity1 had follow-up imaging studies. Nine @entity5 (26%) were smaller, and 26 @entity5 (74%) were unchanged. No @entity5 had progressed. The 1- and 2-year actuarial incidences of @entity16 were 52.2% and 66.5%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year actuarial incidences of @entity16 were 33.7% and 58.9%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year actuarial incidence of @entity16 (or both) was 60.8% and 81.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the following were associated with the time of onset or worsening of @entity425 or @entity16 : (a) @entity1 < age 65 years, (b) dose to the @entity5 margin, (c) maximum @entity5 diameter > or = 21 mm, (d) use of the 18 mm collimator, and (e) use of > five isocenters. The 1- and 2-year actuarial rates of preservation of useful hearing (Gardner-Robertson class I or II) were 100% and 41.7% +/- 17.3, respectively. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic radiosurgery using the gamma knife provides short-term control of @entity5513 when a dose of 16 to 20 Gy to the @entity5 margin is used. Preservation of useful hearing can be accomplished in a significant proportion of @entity1 .

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery using the gamma knife for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuropathy', 'facial neuropathy', 'facial or trigeminal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuromas']


abstract: We have previously shown that the migration of foetal, adult and transformed fibroblasts into three-dimensional collagen gels is differentially affected by plating cell density. We now present data indicating that the migration of these fibroblasts is also differentially affected by local cell density in microdomains of the gel surface. In this article we discuss the possible biochemical and behavioural mechanisms that may contribute to the different migratory phenotypes expressed by foetal, adult and transformed fibroblasts; these include: (1) cell-induced alterations in the orientation and or packing density of collagen fibres in the gel; (2) deposition of specific matrix macromolecules by the fibroblasts; (3) social interactions between the cells; and (4) secretion of soluble factors affecting cell migration. We show that foetal fibroblasts secrete a @entity8946 ( @entity8946 ) not produced by adult cells. Incubation of adult fibroblasts in the presence of @entity8946 induces these cells to express a foetal-like migratory phenotype. Foetal fibroblasts undergo a spontaneous foetal-to-adult transition in migratory phenotype after prolonged passage in vitro; this transition is accompanied by a cessation in @entity8946 production. @entity8946 appears to promote fibroblast migration at high cell density by stimulating the deposition of hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix. Recent studies have indicated that skin fibroblasts from @entity5 @entity1 display certain behavioural abnormalities characteristic of transformed and/or foetal cells. In this regard, we have shown that skin fibroblasts from @entity5 @entity1 commonly express a foetal-like phenotype with respect to migratory behaviour and secretion of @entity8946 : it is of interest to note that these @entity5 @entity1 fibroblasts are indistinguishable from normal adult cells in other respects, such as morphology in confluent culture. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that: (1) fibroblasts in certain individuals fail to undergo normal foetal-to-adult transitions in a number of phenotypic characteristics; and that (2) the disruption in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions caused by the continued presence of these foetal-like fibroblasts in the adult significantly increases the risk of @entity5 development.

title: Foetal-to-adult transitions in fibroblast phenotype: their possible relevance to the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity8946 :: ('2335', 'Gene') :: ['MSF', 'migration stimulating factor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: With the aim of aiding the accurate diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity660 , we reviewed the medical records of sixty-five @entity1 , treated for traumatic pancreatic lesions at the Department of Surgery of the University of S  o Paulo in the 5-year period from 1989 through 1993. Records, including operative and pathology reports, were reviewed and the location of the @entity660 , associated intra-abdominal @entity130 , @entity130 , @entity130 scores, treatment, complications and mortality rates recorded. There were 58 male and seven female @entity1 with a mean age of 28.3 years (range, 2-77 years). Of the 65 @entity660 , 45 (69.2%) were caused by penetrating wounds and twenty by blunt @entity130 . The most frequent site of lesion was the head of the pancreas (38.5%). Associated @entity130 were found in all but five of the @entity1 . In the 65 @entity1 , 170 intra-abdominal @entity130 were found (2.6 per @entity1 ). Twenty-eight of the 65 @entity1 (43.1%) had liver lacerations. Lacerations of major abdominal vessels (27 @entity1 ), @entity356 (25 @entity1 ) and @entity14 (17 @entity1 ) were the next most frequent @entity130 . Fifteen out of twenty @entity1 died within two days after the accident from severe concomitant @entity130 . Simple drainage was performed in 33 @entity1 , distal pancreatectomy in 17 and duodenopancreatectomy in six @entity1 . @entity532 occurred in 20 (30.7%) out of 57 @entity1 who survived the initial operation. We concluded that the type of repair employed in our series was related to the class of injury and clinical conditions (based on @entity130 scores). Therefore, whenever possible, conservative management (no pancreatic resection) was employed in @entity1 that sustained class I and II @entity130 and pancreatic resection in class III and IV @entity130 .

title: [ XXXX of the pancreas: report of 65 cases].

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injuries', 'pancreatic injury']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreas-related complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal lacerations']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lacerations']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'type of injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Traumatic injuries']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to learn whether @entity227 , which produces @entity1714 in the deprived eye, alters the scleral extracellular matrix in tree shrew, a @entity1 closely related to primates. @entity1714 was induced in 10 tree shrews by monocular @entity1949 imposed with a translucent diffuser. The other eye in each animal was an untreated control. After 21 days of @entity1949 the refractive state and axial component dimensions were measured and the eyes were assayed for levels of DNA, @entity720 , and @entity73185 (GAGs) in samples of the sclera and the @entity267 . In comparison to the open control eye, the deprived eyes became myopic and elongated. In the sclera, DNA levels were not significantly changed from the control eye. Sulfated GAG levels were significantly lower in the deprived eyes, as compared to the control eyes, at the posterior pole (-15.6%), at the nasal equatorial region (-18.1%), and in the rest of the sclera (-11.6%). The @entity720 level was significantly lower only at the posterior pole (-11.8%). Levels of sulfated GAGs were significantly reduced relative to DNA and relative to @entity720 in the total sclera. No significant changes were found in the @entity267 . The lower level of sulfated GAGs throughout the sclera of the deprived eyes, as compared with the control eyes, suggests that the deprived sclera contained less proteoglycan, or that the proteoglycans were less glycosylated or less sulfated. In contrast, the regional reduction of @entity720 suggests that collagen accumulation was specifically reduced only at the posterior pole of deprived eyes. These results suggest that form @entity1949 slows or reverses the normal process of extracellular matrix accumulation in the sclera of this @entity1 . This may allow the sclera to be more distensible, permitting the vitreous chamber elongation and resultant @entity1714 .

title: Reduced extracellular matrix in @entity1 sclera with induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual form deprivation']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['deprivation']

entities_list: @entity73185 :: ('CHEBI:35722', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfated glycosaminoglycans']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['Axial myopia', 'myopia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to learn whether @entity227 , which produces @entity1714 in the deprived eye, alters the scleral extracellular matrix in tree shrew, a @entity1 closely related to primates. @entity1714 was induced in 10 tree shrews by monocular @entity1949 imposed with a translucent diffuser. The other eye in each animal was an untreated control. After 21 days of @entity1949 the refractive state and axial component dimensions were measured and the eyes were assayed for levels of DNA, @entity720 , and @entity73185 (GAGs) in samples of the sclera and the @entity267 . In comparison to the open control eye, the deprived eyes became myopic and elongated. In the sclera, DNA levels were not significantly changed from the control eye. Sulfated GAG levels were significantly lower in the deprived eyes, as compared to the control eyes, at the posterior pole (-15.6%), at the nasal equatorial region (-18.1%), and in the rest of the sclera (-11.6%). The @entity720 level was significantly lower only at the posterior pole (-11.8%). Levels of sulfated GAGs were significantly reduced relative to DNA and relative to @entity720 in the total sclera. No significant changes were found in the @entity267 . The lower level of sulfated GAGs throughout the sclera of the deprived eyes, as compared with the control eyes, suggests that the deprived sclera contained less proteoglycan, or that the proteoglycans were less glycosylated or less sulfated. In contrast, the regional reduction of @entity720 suggests that collagen accumulation was specifically reduced only at the posterior pole of deprived eyes. These results suggest that form @entity1949 slows or reverses the normal process of extracellular matrix accumulation in the sclera of this @entity1 . This may allow the sclera to be more distensible, permitting the vitreous chamber elongation and resultant @entity1714 .

title: Reduced extracellular matrix in XXXX sclera with induced @entity1714 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Surgical therapy of @entity4889 (T.O.S.) is highly controversial. In contrast to many large series, recent literature reports a moderate to poor outcome following surgery. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of transaxillary first rib resection in the treatment of T.O.S. Over the past twelve years 106 first rib resections were performed on 92 @entity1 . @entity16 predominate (63%), while arterial and venous symptoms account for 22 and 15% of the symptoms respectively. Preoperative screening consisted of a thorough interview and clinical examination, chest and spine X-ray, duplex-ultrasonography, angiography on indication, E.M.G. and a neurologist's consultation. Standard treatment was transaxillary first rib resection as described by Roos and Owens. Eighty-five @entity1 (92%) attended a follow-up examination with a mean follow-up of 63.2 months. All @entity1 were examined by an independent observer and the resumption of pre-illness activity was recorded. Only 52% of the operations turned out to be successful. All other procedures resulted in identical or worse complaints than before surgery. In contrast to many other series and in accordance with some recent critical series we conclude that first rib resection is often not effective in relieving T.O.S. A renewed focus on conservative treatment seems justified with surgery serving as a very last resort.

title: Transaxillary first rib resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complaints']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']

answer: @entity4889 :: (MESH:D018455,Disease) :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']


abstract: The present material is based on a birth cohort of 2,512 @entity1 followed up from the antenatal period. Data on @entity2172 were collected until the @entity1 were 7 years. At the age of 7, audiometry was performed on 298 of them. For reasons other than @entity2172 , 32 @entity1 were excluded and the final material comprised 266 @entity1 . Only those @entity1 with clear differences in their history for @entity2346 @entity2172 were analysed. Although the pure tone averages (0.5-3 kHz) showed no major changes, different mean air-conduction (AC) thresholds were associated with different histories of @entity2346 @entity2172 . The 35 healthy @entity1 (with no @entity2346 @entity2172 episodes until 2 years of age) showed the best mean AC thresholds. The 51 @entity1 with recurrent @entity697 (RAOM; > or = 4 episodes of @entity697 ) showed worse thresholds at the high frequencies and those 13 who had had @entity2171 ( @entity2171 ) at all frequencies. The @entity1 with a history of @entity2346 @entity2172 , either RAOM or @entity2171 , more often had hearing thresholds exceeding 20 dB. Our results might indicate inner ear involvement in these long-term follow-up hearing thresholds.

title: @entity2346 XXXX and long-term follow-up of hearing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['media', 'middle ear infections', 'middle ear infection']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['SOM', 'secretory otitis media']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['media']


abstract: The present material is based on a birth cohort of 2,512 @entity1 followed up from the antenatal period. Data on @entity2172 were collected until the @entity1 were 7 years. At the age of 7, audiometry was performed on 298 of them. For reasons other than @entity2172 , 32 @entity1 were excluded and the final material comprised 266 @entity1 . Only those @entity1 with clear differences in their history for @entity2346 @entity2172 were analysed. Although the pure tone averages (0.5-3 kHz) showed no major changes, different mean air-conduction (AC) thresholds were associated with different histories of @entity2346 @entity2172 . The 35 healthy @entity1 (with no @entity2346 @entity2172 episodes until 2 years of age) showed the best mean AC thresholds. The 51 @entity1 with recurrent @entity697 (RAOM; > or = 4 episodes of @entity697 ) showed worse thresholds at the high frequencies and those 13 who had had @entity2171 ( @entity2171 ) at all frequencies. The @entity1 with a history of @entity2346 @entity2172 , either RAOM or @entity2171 , more often had hearing thresholds exceeding 20 dB. Our results might indicate inner ear involvement in these long-term follow-up hearing thresholds.

title: XXXX @entity2172 and long-term follow-up of hearing.

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['Otitis']


abstract: The accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas for the axial high @entity1714 were examined, especially regarding the point of the predictive refraction. We examined 170 eyes with axial lengths of 27 mm or longer, with postoperative visual acuity of 0.5 or more, and postoperative @entity940 of less than +/- 2D. Five formulas were tested for accuracy in predicting postoperative refraction. They were the L- @entity6755 , @entity6755 , @entity6755 II, @entity6755 /T, and Binkhorst formulas. The @entity6755 formula tended to predict less @entity1714 than the actual postoperative refraction. The @entity6755 II and Binkhorst formulas predicted more @entity1714 than the actual postoperative refraction. The best results were produced by the L- @entity6755 and @entity6755 /T formulas. The accuracy of the L- @entity6755 formula predictions were measured for each of the four myopic levels. The same was done for the @entity6755 /T formula. For both formulas, there was no statistically significant difference in accuracy of prediction for the four myopic categories. The two formulas are considered to be useful for high myopic cases.

title: [An intraocular lens power calculation for high XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: Proteins of adult @entity380 were separated by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and assayed in immunoblots for reactions with individual @entity19 sera. Four weeks after a heavy @entity281 with a few hundred cercariae, IgG antibodies directed predominantly against a protein of 31 kDa were detected. The protein was only weakly recognized by antibodies of @entity19 harboring a 4-week-old light @entity281 with about 60 cercariae. After 6 weeks or more, @entity19 infected with either dose formed antibodies, not only against the 31-kDa protein and a 67-kDa protein, but also against a number of other components. While reactions with the 31- and 67-kDa proteins occurred with sera of all individual @entity19 of four different strains, the reactions with other components were less consistently observed. @entity19 vaccinated with a heavy or light dose of 20,000-rad-irradiated cercariae did not form antibodies detectable in the blotting system. However, in immunofluorescence assays with living skin schistosomula, but not lung schistosomula, antibodies against the larval surface were detected with all sera obtained 4 weeks after @entity281 or vaccination. In addition, immunofluorescence studies using the same sera and sectioned adult parasites demonstrated the presence of antibodies against the parasite surface in all sera except those obtained from @entity19 exposed to a light @entity281 with normal cercariae. @entity19 infected in this latter way were the only animals that did not develop a significant resistance against a challenge @entity281 4 weeks after exposure to normal or irradiated cercariae. The presence of an immunofluorescent reaction against the schistosome gut always coincided with a reaction of the sera with the 31-kDa protein in the immunoblots. Although a role in immune resistance could not be ascribed to any of the proteins reacting in the immunoblots, the data demonstrate important differences in the antibody specificities induced by various @entity281 schemes.

title: XXXX : immunoblot analysis of adult worm proteins.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of a single maternal serum @entity1420 measurement in the immediate diagnosis of @entity177 and in the long term prognosis of fetal viability. DESIGN: A prospective comparative study of @entity1 presenting with @entity3556 and @entity490 in early pregnancy. The comparison group was defined retrospectively as @entity1 who presented with @entity490 without history of, or the subsequent occurrence of, @entity3556 and whose pregnancies continued to viability. The study groups were defined retrospectively as threatened-continuing, non-continuing (including blighted ovum, missed abortion, incomplete and complete abortion) and tubal pregnancy groups, according to the outcome of the pregnancies. SETTING: The emergency room at the gynaecology department of a teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Four hundred and eighty-nine @entity1 presenting with singleton pregnancy, @entity3556 and/or @entity490 in the first 18 weeks of pregnancy. The comparison group comprised 131 @entity1 without @entity3556 whose pregnancies continued to viability. The study group comprised 358 @entity1 with 148 threatened-continuing pregnancies, 175 non-continuing and 35 @entity7207 . INTERVENTIONS: A 10 ml blood sample was taken and pelvic ultrasonography was performed at presentation. Otherwise, conventional management was used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1420 levels were interpreted in accordance with the outcome of the pregnancy: comparison, threatened-continuing, non-continuing or tubal. Viability was defined as 28 weeks or more weeks of gestation. RESULTS: @entity1420 levels were significantly lower in the non-continuing and tubal pregnancy groups than in the comparison and threatened-continuing groups (P < 0.001 in all cases). A cut-off level at 45 nmol/1 was found to differentiate between the viable (comparison and threatened-continuing) pregnancies and the abnormal (non-continuing and tubal) pregnancies with 87.6% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: A single serum @entity1420 measurement taken in early pregnancy is valuable in the immediate diagnosis of @entity177 and the long term prognosis of viability.

title: The role of a single XXXX measurement in the diagnosis of @entity177 and the prognosis of fetal viability.

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity7207 :: ('MESH:D011274', 'Disease') :: ['tubal pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['early pregnancy failure']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of a single maternal serum @entity1420 measurement in the immediate diagnosis of @entity177 and in the long term prognosis of fetal viability. DESIGN: A prospective comparative study of @entity1 presenting with @entity3556 and @entity490 in early pregnancy. The comparison group was defined retrospectively as @entity1 who presented with @entity490 without history of, or the subsequent occurrence of, @entity3556 and whose pregnancies continued to viability. The study groups were defined retrospectively as threatened-continuing, non-continuing (including blighted ovum, missed abortion, incomplete and complete abortion) and tubal pregnancy groups, according to the outcome of the pregnancies. SETTING: The emergency room at the gynaecology department of a teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Four hundred and eighty-nine @entity1 presenting with singleton pregnancy, @entity3556 and/or @entity490 in the first 18 weeks of pregnancy. The comparison group comprised 131 @entity1 without @entity3556 whose pregnancies continued to viability. The study group comprised 358 @entity1 with 148 threatened-continuing pregnancies, 175 non-continuing and 35 @entity7207 . INTERVENTIONS: A 10 ml blood sample was taken and pelvic ultrasonography was performed at presentation. Otherwise, conventional management was used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1420 levels were interpreted in accordance with the outcome of the pregnancy: comparison, threatened-continuing, non-continuing or tubal. Viability was defined as 28 weeks or more weeks of gestation. RESULTS: @entity1420 levels were significantly lower in the non-continuing and tubal pregnancy groups than in the comparison and threatened-continuing groups (P < 0.001 in all cases). A cut-off level at 45 nmol/1 was found to differentiate between the viable (comparison and threatened-continuing) pregnancies and the abnormal (non-continuing and tubal) pregnancies with 87.6% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: A single serum @entity1420 measurement taken in early pregnancy is valuable in the immediate diagnosis of @entity177 and the long term prognosis of viability.

title: The role of a single @entity1420 measurement in the diagnosis of XXXX and the prognosis of fetal viability.

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['early pregnancy failure']


abstract: Described by Bednar as a "storiform @entity3292 ," pigmented @entity241 is a rare @entity5 accounting for approximately 1-5% of all cases of @entity241 ( @entity241 ). The lesion commonly presents as an exophytic, multinodular @entity5 of the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. It occurs predominantly in blacks. The majority are located on the trunk, and the remainder are more or less equally distributed in the upper and the lower extremities and the head and neck. Microscopically the lesion is characterized by spindled cells arranged in a tight storiform pattern and admixed with a small population of melanin-containing dendritic cells. The dendritic cells are the primary feature distinguishing this lesion from conventional @entity241 . Three cell populations are identifiable by electron microscopy. The majority of cells resemble fibroblasts. A second population of cells exhibits long slender cell processes partially or completely invested by basal lamina. The third population of cells, also invested by basal lamina, contains both melanosomes and premelanosomes. The histogenesis of this @entity5 remains controversial. Although Bednar considered these lesions as variants of @entity3292 , @entity4483 protein could not be identified, and this finding contrasts significantly from the description of conventional @entity3292 , which almost always contains this antigen. Follow-up information available in nine cases indicates that this lesion may recur locally. Although distant metastases were not observed in our material, complete excision in conjunction with close follow-up care is indicated for this @entity5 of probable intermediate malignant potential.

title: Pigmented @entity241 ( XXXX ). A pathologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity241 :: ('MESH:D018223', 'Disease') :: ['dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'DFSP']

answer: @entity241 :: (MESH:D018223,Disease) :: ['Bednar tumor']


abstract: Described by Bednar as a "storiform @entity3292 ," pigmented @entity241 is a rare @entity5 accounting for approximately 1-5% of all cases of @entity241 ( @entity241 ). The lesion commonly presents as an exophytic, multinodular @entity5 of the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. It occurs predominantly in blacks. The majority are located on the trunk, and the remainder are more or less equally distributed in the upper and the lower extremities and the head and neck. Microscopically the lesion is characterized by spindled cells arranged in a tight storiform pattern and admixed with a small population of melanin-containing dendritic cells. The dendritic cells are the primary feature distinguishing this lesion from conventional @entity241 . Three cell populations are identifiable by electron microscopy. The majority of cells resemble fibroblasts. A second population of cells exhibits long slender cell processes partially or completely invested by basal lamina. The third population of cells, also invested by basal lamina, contains both melanosomes and premelanosomes. The histogenesis of this @entity5 remains controversial. Although Bednar considered these lesions as variants of @entity3292 , @entity4483 protein could not be identified, and this finding contrasts significantly from the description of conventional @entity3292 , which almost always contains this antigen. Follow-up information available in nine cases indicates that this lesion may recur locally. Although distant metastases were not observed in our material, complete excision in conjunction with close follow-up care is indicated for this @entity5 of probable intermediate malignant potential.

title: Pigmented XXXX ( @entity241 ). A pathologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical study.

answer: @entity241 :: (MESH:D018223,Disease) :: ['dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the combined effects of @entity158 relief by continuous epidural @entity1337 , early oral feeding and enforced mobilisation on convalescence and hospital stay after colonic resection. DESIGN: Uncontrolled pilot investigation. SETTING: University hospital, Denmark. SUBJECTS: 17 unselected @entity1 (median age 69 years) undergoing colonic resection. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received combined epidural and general anaesthesia during operations and after operation were given continuous epidural @entity1341 0.25%, 4 ml hour and @entity1286 0.2 mg hour, for 96 hours and oral @entity1443 4 g/daily. No @entity1 had a nasogastric tube, and oral feeding with normal food and protein enriched solutions (1000 Kcal (4180 KJ/day) was instituted 24 hours postoperatively together with intensive mobilisation. RESULTS: Median visual analogue @entity158 scores were zero at rest and minimal during coughing and mobilisation, which allowed early mobilisation for up to 11 hours on the third postoperative day. Gastrointestinal function with defaecation had returned to normal in 12 @entity1 within the first two postoperative days. Median hospital stay was five days with minimal @entity86 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a combined approach of @entity158 relief with balanced @entity1337 , enforced early mobilisation, and oral feeding, may reduce the length of convalescence and hospital stay after colonic operations.

title: Convalescence and hospital stay after colonic surgery with balanced XXXX , early oral feeding, and enforced mobilisation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['increase in fatigue and without postoperative weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'optimal pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the procedural success and clinical recurrences after radiofrequency catheter ablation of @entity956 . A deflectable catheter with a 4 or 5 mm tip was positioned in the posterior right atrium. Radiofrequency energy was delivered sequentially from the tricuspid annulus to the inferior vena cava. Catheter ablation during 18 sessions for 16 @entity1 resulted in abrupt @entity956 and noninducibility in all @entity1 . Successful sites were near the os of the coronary sinus but had no distinguishing electrographic features. During a follow-up period of 8 +/- 5 months, 4 (25%) @entity1 had recurrence of @entity956 ; 3 of 4 underwent successful repeat ablation. By actuarial analysis, 87% of @entity1 remained in normal sinus rhythm 6 months after the initial procedure. The only distinguishing feature of those with recurrence compared with those whose sinus rhythm was maintained was the induction of nonclinical @entity943 (50% vs 0%, respectively; p < 0.05). One @entity1 had resolution of presumed @entity591 -related @entity296 . Catheter ablation by an anatomic approach was highly successful in terminating type 1 @entity956 and was associated with good long-term response. This technique may represent a meaningful alternative for restoration and maintenance of normal sinus rhythm. However, further investigation is warranted to define its clinical role fully.

title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of XXXX : procedural success and long-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'atrial flutter termination']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) of the breast has been regarded as a subtype of @entity0 with a relatively favorable prognosis despite its high nuclear grade and high mitotic index. High nuclear grade and high mitotic index have been correlated with DNA aneuploidy and high S-phase fraction (SPF) by flow cytometry. Generally in @entity0 , these histologic and DNA content features predict a less favorable prognosis. To address this paradox, all cases of @entity189 of the breast (20 of 1,365 @entity189 [1.5%]) diagnosed between 1968 and 1982 were compared to age- and stage-matched cases of @entity513 ( @entity513 ) diagnosed during the same time period. All of the @entity189 and 80% of the @entity513 had one or more DNA aneuploid stem lines. Average total SPF was 8.1% for @entity189 and 4.8% for @entity513 . DNA analysis was performed from @entity982 blocks (average CV: 4.5% DNA diploid; 4.1% DNA aneuploid), and subjected to computer modeled analysis. Statistically significant differences between presence or absence of DNA aneuploidy (P = .035) and total SPF (P = .029) were demonstrated between the two groups. Thirteen of 20 @entity1 (65%) with @entity189 (average followup 130 months) were alive at the end of the study period compared to 12 of 20 @entity1 (60%) with @entity513 (average follow-up 160 months). The difference in crude survival was not statistically significant (P = .867). However, there was a tendency toward early death in @entity189 and late death in @entity513 . Within the @entity2802 stage-matched @entity1 , no significant difference was demonstrated for @entity5 size or nodal status when these variables were examined separately. In conclusion, statistically significant differences in DNA content and proliferative fraction exist between @entity189 of the @entity0 . The biologic and clinical differences demonstrated in this analysis warrant careful consideration before including cases of @entity189 in studies evaluating newer prognostic variables in @entity0 .

title: Comparison of DNA content, S-phase fraction, and survival between medullary and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer', 'breast and ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'Medullary carcinoma', 'medullary carcinoma', 'MC']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating ductal carcinoma', 'IDC']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: A 74-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with abrupt onset of @entity2358 in the left arm and leg. On admission, the blood @entity413 level was 296 mg/dl, glycosylated hemoglobin Alc was 17.0%, and the serum osmolality was 296 mOsm/l. Urinalysis was negative for @entity6178 bodies, but was strongly positive for @entity413 . After normalization of the blood @entity413 level, ballistic @entity717 , but @entity4790 of the left arm and leg continued for 10 months. Brain CT showed a slight high density of the right putamen, which disappeared on 37th day after the onset. MRI showed high intensity on T1-weighted images and low intensity on T2-weighted images in the right putamen, which disappeared 10 months after the onset. SPECT on the 21th day after the onset showed hyperperfusion in the right putamen. 4 months later, the blood flow slightly reduced in the right putamen. The abnormality in the right putamen was considered to be the cause of his @entity2358 . High intensity in the putamen on T1-weighted MR images in the present case are presumed to have developed following mild @entity63 and the reversible deposition of @entity460 or other material which occurred in association with nonketotic @entity4854 .

title: [Hemichorea-hemiballism associated with nonketotic XXXX and presenting with unilateral hyperintensity of the putamen on MRI T1-weighted images--a case report].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements', 'hemichorea-hemiballism']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['choreiform movement']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disappeared']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hyperbaric local anesthetic pools in the thoracic spinal curvature in supine @entity1 . The authors hypothesized that @entity1 receiving 12 or 15 mg of hyperbaric @entity1341 would achieve similar levels of sensory block but the spinal anesthetic would be denser and longer lasting in @entity1 receiving the 15 mg dose. METHODS: Twenty eight healthy term parturients scheduled for elective cesarean delivery randomly received 12 or 15 mg hyperbaric 0.75% @entity1341 in 8.25% @entity413 . @entity1 were in the right lateral position during drug injection and were then positioned supine with left uterine displacement on a horizontal operating table. A blinded anesthesiologist assessed the dermatome level of sensory analgesia to pinprick every 2 minutes for 20 minutes, then every 15 minutes until the sensory level regressed to T10. RESULTS: The mean level of sensory anesthesia was 2.2 spinal segments higher in @entity1 receiving 15 mg versus 12 mg hyperbaric @entity1341 (24.8 +/- 3.7 versus 22.6 +/- 1.4 spinal segments; P = .031). Regression to T10 occurred more quickly in the 12 mg than in the 15 mg group (140.0 +/- 16.5 versus 162.1 +/- 33.8 minutes, P = .046). @entity1 height did not correlate with the maximum number of spinal segments blocked in either group. All @entity1 had adequate surgical anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Parturients receiving 15 mg of hyperbaric @entity1341 developed a higher mean level and longer duration of sensory analgesia than those receiving 12 mg.

title: Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. A comparison of two doses of hyperbaric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: @entity977 are common @entity5 that account for about 10% of @entity1313 . Most arise from the adenohypophysis and are confined to the region of the sella turcica. Other sites may be involved as a result of extension, infiltration, or ectopic location. However, posterior extension or ectopic involvement of the clivus of the sphenoid and occipital bones is rare. Seven @entity1 with destructive clival masses were referred to our institution with presumptive diagnoses of @entity3580 . In all cases, histologic workup revealed @entity977 . Because they represent a subset of @entity652 , the histologic features of the @entity5 were studied, and the clinical histories of the @entity1 were reviewed. Five of the @entity1 were @entity1 , aged 31 to 67 years, and two were @entity1 , aged 55 and 67 years. Four @entity1 had extremely high plasma concentrations of prolactin (8,132-22,424 ng/ml, nl < 15). @entity5 resembled @entity652 ; however, three exhibited nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic figures, and other morphologic features, suggesting alternate diagnoses. Three required immunoperoxidase stains in addition to those for pituitary hormones, and three required electron microscopy for diagnosis. Destructive invasion of the clivus by @entity977 is rare, and anaplastic features of some of the @entity5 may lead to difficult diagnoses.

title: XXXX as an unsuspected @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Four tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'Pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['usual sellar adenomas', 'adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['Pituitary adenoma']


abstract: @entity977 are common @entity5 that account for about 10% of @entity1313 . Most arise from the adenohypophysis and are confined to the region of the sella turcica. Other sites may be involved as a result of extension, infiltration, or ectopic location. However, posterior extension or ectopic involvement of the clivus of the sphenoid and occipital bones is rare. Seven @entity1 with destructive clival masses were referred to our institution with presumptive diagnoses of @entity3580 . In all cases, histologic workup revealed @entity977 . Because they represent a subset of @entity652 , the histologic features of the @entity5 were studied, and the clinical histories of the @entity1 were reviewed. Five of the @entity1 were @entity1 , aged 31 to 67 years, and two were @entity1 , aged 55 and 67 years. Four @entity1 had extremely high plasma concentrations of prolactin (8,132-22,424 ng/ml, nl < 15). @entity5 resembled @entity652 ; however, three exhibited nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic figures, and other morphologic features, suggesting alternate diagnoses. Three required immunoperoxidase stains in addition to those for pituitary hormones, and three required electron microscopy for diagnosis. Destructive invasion of the clivus by @entity977 is rare, and anaplastic features of some of the @entity5 may lead to difficult diagnoses.

title: @entity977 as an unsuspected XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['clival tumor']


abstract: 50 cases of advanced, intermediate (18) and high grade (32) @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) including 16 with @entity2109 have been treated with very high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). These cases represent a retrospective analysis of the combined experience of a recently established collaborative group. 31 @entity1 were treated with a protocol used in Lyon, 12 with that used in Marseille and seven with that used in London. Although the details of drug administration differed, each protocol was based on high dose alkylating agent ( @entity786 or @entity3601 ), BCNU and @entity2592 . 16 @entity1 had drug resistant progressive @entity1893 . Of these 11 responded to high dose treatment (nine CR, two PR). The duration of CR in this group was short (median 104d) and only one @entity1 was in CR at 1 year. 19 @entity1 had relapsed on previous therapy but were still responding to conventional rescue therapy. Following high dose therapy 47% of these @entity1 are in continuous CR with a median time of observation of 300 d (73-962 d). Seven @entity1 were partial responders to conventional induction therapy. Of these, six had a CR with high dose treatment and are still in CR (range 39-1230 d, median 200 d). Eight @entity1 received high dose therapy as intensification after a long delay to CR with conventional treatment. Of these, four are alive and in remission 124-763 d after treatment. The high dose protocols produced significant morbidity with 25 @entity1 (50%) having major or minor treatment-related complications, and there were seven treatment related @entity204 (14%). However, these results indicate that durable responses can be obtained with high dose chemotherapy in @entity1 who have been heavily treated and indicate a role for this type of treatment at an earlier stage in advanced @entity1893 .

title: Massive chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation in 50 cases of bad prognosis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Our recent study showed that maintaining a higher hemoglobin threshold after severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) offers no clinical benefit. The present study aimed to determine if a higher transfusion threshold was independently associated with an increased risk of progressive @entity548 (PHI), thereby contributing to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of data obtained from a recently performed randomized clinical trial studying the effects of erythropoietin and blood transfusions on neurological recovery after severe @entity131 . PHI was defined as the presence of new or enlarging intracranial @entity1410 on computerized tomography up to 24 hours after injury. A severe PHI was defined as an event that required an escalation of medical management or surgical intervention. Clinical imaging parameters and transfusion thresholds (10 g/dL vs 7 g/L) were used in a multivariate Cox regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for PHI. RESULTS: Among 200 @entity1 enrolled in the trial, PHI was detected in 61 @entity1 (30.5%). The majority of @entity1 had a new, delayed @entity2981 (n = 30, 49.2%) or an increase in @entity2981 size (n = 18, 29.5%). Severe PHI events were seen in 40 @entity1 (65.6%). The mean time interval between injury and identification of PHI was 17.2    15.8 hours. Ninety-nine @entity1 had a transfusion threshold of 7 g/dL, and 101 @entity1 had a transfusion threshold of 10 g/dL. The risk of severe PHI was 2.3 times higher for @entity1 with a transfusion trigger of 10 g/dL (95% CI 1.1-4.8, P = .02). Surgery on admission and @entity1545 were associated with lower risk of severe PHI, while higher initial intracranial pressure was linked to an increased incidence of severe PHI. CONCLUSION: Our analysis shows that a higher transfusion threshold of 10 g/dL after severe @entity131 increased the risk of severe PHI events. These results indicate the potential adverse effect of using a higher transfusion threshold after severe @entity131 .

title: 119   Progressive @entity548 After Severe XXXX : Effect of Hemoglobin Transfusion Thresholds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic injury']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity2981 :: ('MESH:D003288', 'Disease') :: ['contusion']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Our recent study showed that maintaining a higher hemoglobin threshold after severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) offers no clinical benefit. The present study aimed to determine if a higher transfusion threshold was independently associated with an increased risk of progressive @entity548 (PHI), thereby contributing to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of data obtained from a recently performed randomized clinical trial studying the effects of erythropoietin and blood transfusions on neurological recovery after severe @entity131 . PHI was defined as the presence of new or enlarging intracranial @entity1410 on computerized tomography up to 24 hours after injury. A severe PHI was defined as an event that required an escalation of medical management or surgical intervention. Clinical imaging parameters and transfusion thresholds (10 g/dL vs 7 g/L) were used in a multivariate Cox regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for PHI. RESULTS: Among 200 @entity1 enrolled in the trial, PHI was detected in 61 @entity1 (30.5%). The majority of @entity1 had a new, delayed @entity2981 (n = 30, 49.2%) or an increase in @entity2981 size (n = 18, 29.5%). Severe PHI events were seen in 40 @entity1 (65.6%). The mean time interval between injury and identification of PHI was 17.2    15.8 hours. Ninety-nine @entity1 had a transfusion threshold of 7 g/dL, and 101 @entity1 had a transfusion threshold of 10 g/dL. The risk of severe PHI was 2.3 times higher for @entity1 with a transfusion trigger of 10 g/dL (95% CI 1.1-4.8, P = .02). Surgery on admission and @entity1545 were associated with lower risk of severe PHI, while higher initial intracranial pressure was linked to an increased incidence of severe PHI. CONCLUSION: Our analysis shows that a higher transfusion threshold of 10 g/dL after severe @entity131 increased the risk of severe PHI events. These results indicate the potential adverse effect of using a higher transfusion threshold after severe @entity131 .

title: 119   Progressive XXXX After Severe @entity131 : Effect of Hemoglobin Transfusion Thresholds.

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhagic Injury']