abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of the study was to gain the first clinical experience with a new @entity702 clip prosthesis in stapes surgery, and to compare this model with its predecessor. We placed particular emphasis on the practicability of fixing the prosthesis to the long process of the incus and on the postoperative improvement in hearing. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: The study included 23 @entity1 who had a CliP Piston   Wengen fitted and 21 @entity1 with a Soft CliP Piston (both from Kurz Medizintechnik, Dusslingen, Germany). Air and bone conduction were tested preoperatively and 5 to 6 weeks after surgery in all @entity1 , as well as after about 1 year in a subgroup. RESULTS: We found a mean air-bone gap of 8.5 +/- 5.2 dB in the frequencies 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz for the @entity1 with a CliP Piston   Wengen at follow-up audiometry after an average of 31 days, and of 6.4 +/- 3.7 dB for 11 @entity1 after 412 days. The corresponding figures for @entity1 with Soft CliP Pistons were 8.9 +/- 4.1 dB after 44 days, and 6.3 +/- 5.6 dB for 10 @entity1 after 419 days. There were no statistically significant differences. All the prostheses were implanted without difficulty. CONCLUSIONS: The two stapes prostheses studied gave good early audiometric results that showed no difference. After a short learning period, both could be pushed onto the long process of the incus with similar ease, although subjectively the new design of the Soft CliP seemed to adapt better to the different diameters of the process and took up less space in the middle ear.

title: First experience with a new XXXX clip stapes prosthesis and a comparison with the earlier model used in stapes surgery.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity130 or @entity166 can cause destruction of the epiphyseal region of the knee with premature partial bridging of the physis and deviation of length and @entity2270 . There is only little information about tumorous lesions as pathogenetic factor for these deviations. We have been searching for an approach to take advantage of the particular growth potential in order to avoid further complex procedures. METHOD: We report the case of a 6-year-old @entity1 with progredient @entity85 of the left knee and reduction of walking distance. The X-ray and MRI investigations have shown a benign lesion like osteofibroma of the mediodistal femur with an affection of the medial physis. Because of the early and rapidly progredient deformity we planned an operative intervention, including the following two steps: 1) resection of the benign lesion and arthroscopically assisted resection of the bony bar with fat-patch interposition; 2) lateral hemiepiphyseodesis with an eight-plate. The histological examination revealed a @entity83 , which had caused the above-mentioned growth disturbance. During follow-up (clinical and radiological examinations every 3 months) we saw a nearly normal growth of the mediodistal femoral physis with consecutive correction of the axial deviation. RESULTS: With surgical intervention (resection and temporary lateral hemiepiphyseodesis) we achieved a complete deformity correction in reference to the opposite side within one year post operation. Removal of the eight-plate has already been accomplished. Follow-up will be continued until completion of growth. CONCLUSION: In cases of rare partial bridging of the physis induced by a @entity5 one can achieve early correction of axial deviation during growth with resection, interposition of a fat patch and @entity346 . With the help of such a procedure it is possible to prevent further progression of a pre-existing @entity146 .

title: [Partial physeal growth arrest with XXXX caused by a @entity83 --a case report].

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['deformity and later aggressive surgical intervention']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['cortical enchondroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign bone tumour']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['varus deformity']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['temporary hemiepiphyseodesis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['increasing genu varum deformity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity130 or @entity166 can cause destruction of the epiphyseal region of the knee with premature partial bridging of the physis and deviation of length and @entity2270 . There is only little information about tumorous lesions as pathogenetic factor for these deviations. We have been searching for an approach to take advantage of the particular growth potential in order to avoid further complex procedures. METHOD: We report the case of a 6-year-old @entity1 with progredient @entity85 of the left knee and reduction of walking distance. The X-ray and MRI investigations have shown a benign lesion like osteofibroma of the mediodistal femur with an affection of the medial physis. Because of the early and rapidly progredient deformity we planned an operative intervention, including the following two steps: 1) resection of the benign lesion and arthroscopically assisted resection of the bony bar with fat-patch interposition; 2) lateral hemiepiphyseodesis with an eight-plate. The histological examination revealed a @entity83 , which had caused the above-mentioned growth disturbance. During follow-up (clinical and radiological examinations every 3 months) we saw a nearly normal growth of the mediodistal femoral physis with consecutive correction of the axial deviation. RESULTS: With surgical intervention (resection and temporary lateral hemiepiphyseodesis) we achieved a complete deformity correction in reference to the opposite side within one year post operation. Removal of the eight-plate has already been accomplished. Follow-up will be continued until completion of growth. CONCLUSION: In cases of rare partial bridging of the physis induced by a @entity5 one can achieve early correction of axial deviation during growth with resection, interposition of a fat patch and @entity346 . With the help of such a procedure it is possible to prevent further progression of a pre-existing @entity146 .

title: [Partial physeal growth arrest with @entity85 caused by a XXXX --a case report].

answer: @entity83 :: (MESH:D002812,Disease) :: ['cortical enchondroma']


abstract: In recent years the incidence in @entity1204 is rising. The relation of cervical to @entity1204 has shifted to almost 1:1. The peak of age distribution is between 50 and 60 years of age. @entity66 are @entity28 , @entity6 and @entity101 . The @entity1204 has its precancerous stages. The pertinent estrogenic stimulus is probably significant for the development of @entity1613 : @entity1412 without atypias is known as an optional, that with atypia as an obligatory precancerous lesion. The range of morphologic variation extends from mature @entity1204 with favorable prognosis to @entity5 with unfavorable outcome. Besides various other parameters of @entity5 the depths of infiltration into the myometrium is known to be significant. The leading sign of @entity1204 is uterine @entity548 . The histological diagnosis is established by the examination of the tissue produced by curettage from the cervical canal and from the uterine cavity. A true early diagnosis--in comparison to the early detection of cervical @entity5 --does still not exist for @entity1204 . Exfoliative cytology from the uterine cavity or ultrasonography does still not allow the final and definite diagnosis. Among the therapeutic alternatives abdominal hysterectomy in combination with bilateral adnexectomy plays the most important role. Depending from more specific morphologic criteria of a given case additional pelvic and paraaortic lymphnode-dissection is advised. Surgical therapy in general accounts for a 10 to 20 percent better survival. In @entity1 who cannot surgically be treated because of the local extension of the @entity5 or due to a general high risk situation the primary therapy is pelvic irradiation both by packing and percutaneously. Disseminated @entity5 , @entity420 in particular, respond well to large dosages of @entity7828 , whereas combinations of cytostatics have failed to show favorable results, perhaps with the exception of those containing @entity632 . All @entity1204 @entity1 need special posttreatment care, because early recurrences still have a certain chance of survival when recognized and appropriately treated.

title: [ XXXX and @entity5 of the endometrium].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Accompanying diseases']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic disease', 'cancer', 'immature neoplasias', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous hyperplasia of the endometrium']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1613 :: (MESH:D011230,Disease) :: ['Precancerous conditions']


abstract: In recent years the incidence in @entity1204 is rising. The relation of cervical to @entity1204 has shifted to almost 1:1. The peak of age distribution is between 50 and 60 years of age. @entity66 are @entity28 , @entity6 and @entity101 . The @entity1204 has its precancerous stages. The pertinent estrogenic stimulus is probably significant for the development of @entity1613 : @entity1412 without atypias is known as an optional, that with atypia as an obligatory precancerous lesion. The range of morphologic variation extends from mature @entity1204 with favorable prognosis to @entity5 with unfavorable outcome. Besides various other parameters of @entity5 the depths of infiltration into the myometrium is known to be significant. The leading sign of @entity1204 is uterine @entity548 . The histological diagnosis is established by the examination of the tissue produced by curettage from the cervical canal and from the uterine cavity. A true early diagnosis--in comparison to the early detection of cervical @entity5 --does still not exist for @entity1204 . Exfoliative cytology from the uterine cavity or ultrasonography does still not allow the final and definite diagnosis. Among the therapeutic alternatives abdominal hysterectomy in combination with bilateral adnexectomy plays the most important role. Depending from more specific morphologic criteria of a given case additional pelvic and paraaortic lymphnode-dissection is advised. Surgical therapy in general accounts for a 10 to 20 percent better survival. In @entity1 who cannot surgically be treated because of the local extension of the @entity5 or due to a general high risk situation the primary therapy is pelvic irradiation both by packing and percutaneously. Disseminated @entity5 , @entity420 in particular, respond well to large dosages of @entity7828 , whereas combinations of cytostatics have failed to show favorable results, perhaps with the exception of those containing @entity632 . All @entity1204 @entity1 need special posttreatment care, because early recurrences still have a certain chance of survival when recognized and appropriately treated.

title: [ @entity1613 and XXXX of the endometrium].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity13768 ( @entity16549 ) particles are a nonresorbable material that allows for permanent vocal fold augmentation. This study investigated morbidity and @entity1740 in @entity1 treated for unilateral vocal fold paralysis by injection of @entity16549 particles. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 who had neurogenic unilateral vocal fold paralysis of different causes were included in this prospective study. Each @entity1 underwent videostroboscopic assessment before and after operation. Friedrich's @entity7364 ( @entity7364 ), a score system combining subjective and objective parameters, was used to describe @entity1740 . A @entity7364 of 0 reflects a normal voice, and a @entity7364 of 3 stands for complete aphonia. The @entity16549 particles were injected into the paraglottic space by microlaryngoscopy under general anesthesia. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 4.1 months. There was no complication attributable to the injection of @entity16549 particles. The mean @entity7364 was 2.8 before operation. After the operation, @entity1740 improved significantly in each @entity1 , as reflected by a mean postinjection @entity7364 of 1.4. CONCLUSIONS: Particles of @entity16549 provide a relatively safe and minimally invasive option for permanent vocal fold augmentation. The functional results in terms of voice improvement are comparable to those obtained with other techniques, including thyroplasty. In the European Community, @entity16549 particles are officially approved for use in the @entity1 larynx.

title: XXXX particles for permanent injection laryngoplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'dysphonia index']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['Polydimethylsiloxane']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice quality']

answer: @entity13768 :: (MESH:C013830,Chemical) :: ['Polydimethylsiloxane']


abstract: @entity9282 ( @entity9282 ) is a disorder characterized by a shortening of at least one of the cervical muscles and tilting of the head to the opposite side. The most commonly affected muscle is the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. An unusual case is presented here: a @entity9282 @entity1 with involvement of the trapezius muscle in addition to the SCM muscle who has recently been treated at North Carolina Memorial Hospital. This @entity1 still has a slight @entity85 despite two surgical procedures, physical therapy, and splinting. A review of 41 @entity9282 @entity1 who presented to this institution from 1952 to the present demonstrates that the disorder is extremely variable in terms of severity of @entity85 and response to various types of therapy. The condition will resolve spontaneously in the majority of @entity1 by the age of 1 year, and if the condition has not resolved by then, it is unlikely to do so without surgery. We therefore believe that surgery should be postponed until after 1 year of age. Most of the @entity1 requiring surgery are effectively treated by division of the involved muscle in at least one area with or without lengthening of the SCM muscle. Splinting and physical therapy are recommended postoperatively. A few @entity1 such as the unusual one with involvement of the trapezius muscle resist our most aggressive therapeutic efforts.

title: XXXX : a spectrum of pathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'residual deformity']

entities_list: @entity9282 :: ('MESH:C535425', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'Congenital muscular torticollis']

answer: @entity9282 :: (MESH:C535425,Disease) :: ['Congenital muscular torticollis']


abstract: A study of the eyeball was carried out using a double frequency Doppler transducer in 31 @entity1 suffering from histologically confirmed @entity226 . These @entity1 were divided into 3 groups depending on the results of the ophthalmological examination: group A: 20 @entity1 ; normal ophthalmological exam, group B: 5 @entity1 ; non specific @entity735 , group C: 6 @entity1 ; ocular lesions specific to @entity226 ( @entity1781 with @entity1939 , dysoric nodules). Doppler examination demonstrated normal curves in the @entity1 in groups A and B. The mean amplitude of systolic peaks was 7.9 mm in group A and 10.3 mm in group B (P = NS). These data did not differ from those of a control population of 22 subjects not suffering from @entity226 . On the other hand, group C demonstrated important anomalies on Doppler examination: lack of ophthalmic signal in one case; marked dampening of curves in 4 cases; zones of turbulence in one @entity1 . The mean amplitude of systolic peaks was drastically decreased (1.8 mm). After steroid treatment, a significant increase in blood velocity was seen leading to a normalization of tracings in the majority of cases, including the @entity1 in group C. Doppler examination would appear capable of reliably assessing the risk of ophthalmic complications of @entity226 when @entity450 exist. On the other hand, @entity1 with normal Doppler curves may be considered to be at little risk. Subjects at high risk should be urgently treated with high doses of @entity230 and can be regularly monitored by repeated Doppler examination.

title: [Role of Doppler in the diagnosis of ophthalmic complications of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['temporal arteritis']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['blood flow anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['amaurosis']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['Horton's disease']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a dominantly @entity4310 caused by germline defects of mismatch repair (MMR) genes. @entity1204 is the most common extracolonic @entity5 in @entity14 and is the primary clinical manifestation of the syndrome in some families. The cumulative incidence of @entity1204 among @entity14 mutation carriers is high, estimated to be from 22 to 43%. We hypothesized that @entity1 with double primary @entity5 of the colorectum and endometrium are likely to be members of @entity14 families. In order to determine how frequently @entity14 manifests in the context of double primary @entity5 , we examined alterations of two MMR genes, @entity4311 and @entity6756 , in 40 unrelated @entity1 affected with double primary @entity5 . These cases were identified using hospital-based and population-based @entity5 registries in Ontario, Canada. MMR gene mutations were screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and confirmed by direct sequencing. Eighteen percent (seven of 40) were found to harbor mutations of one of the two MMR genes. Analysis of @entity14 of mutation-negative probands found microsatellite instability in seven of 20 cases. Six of seven mutation-positive probands had strong family histories suggestive of @entity14 . First degree relatives of mutation-positive probands had a very high relative risk (RR) of @entity14 (RR = 8.1, CI 3. 5-15.9) and @entity1204 (RR = 23.8, CI 6.4-61.0). The relative risk of mutation-negative cases was 2.8 (CI 1.7-4.5) for @entity14 and 5.4 (CI 2.0-11.7) for @entity1204 . We recommend that all double primary @entity1 with @entity5 at these sites should have a genetic evaluation, including molecular analysis for @entity14 where appropriate.

title: Mismatch repair gene defects contribute to the genetic basis of double primary XXXX of the colorectum and endometrium.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'Endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and/or endometrial tumors', 'HNPCC', 'Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['inherited cancer syndrome']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: @entity447 ( @entity447 ) is an X chromosome-linked @entity74 caused by heterogeneous mutations of @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ). Although more than 900 mutations of @entity2801 gene are reported in the HAMSTeRS database, the mutation data regarding the @entity2801 gene in the Korean population is currently insufficient. The aim of this study was to profile the mutations of @entity2801 in Korean @entity447 , 38 unrelated Korean @entity447 male @entity1 were examined. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from the @entity1 . Long distance-PCR was performed for the identification of inversions in intron 22 and intron 1. Then gross exon deletion was examined to the inversion-negative @entity1 by multiplex-PCR. Finally, direct sequencing was performed on exons 1-26, 5'- and 3'-UTR. We identified 33 mutations from the 38 @entity1 . These included 15 inversions in intron 22 (39.5%), one inversion in intron 1 (2.6%), one gross exon deletion (2.6%), five deletions (13.2%), two insertions (5.3%), six missense (15.8%) and three nonsense mutations (7.9%). Mutation types for five @entity1 (13.2%) were not identified in this study. We determined that the most common defect in @entity2801 in this study was an inversion mutation in intron 22; this is consistent with the findings of other studies. For the first time in Korean @entity447 , a @entity1 with intron 1 inversion was found. In addition, we report eight novel mutation types which never been reported in HAMSTeRS database. The mutation data in this study should prove useful as a reference for the diagnosis of @entity447 and the detection of carriers in the Korean population.

title: Profiling of XXXX mutations in Korean @entity447 .

entities_list: @entity2801 :: ('2157', 'Gene') :: ['coagulation factor VIII', 'FVIII']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited bleeding disorder']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilia A', 'HA']

answer: @entity2801 :: (2157,Gene) :: ['factor VIII']


abstract: @entity447 ( @entity447 ) is an X chromosome-linked @entity74 caused by heterogeneous mutations of @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ). Although more than 900 mutations of @entity2801 gene are reported in the HAMSTeRS database, the mutation data regarding the @entity2801 gene in the Korean population is currently insufficient. The aim of this study was to profile the mutations of @entity2801 in Korean @entity447 , 38 unrelated Korean @entity447 male @entity1 were examined. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from the @entity1 . Long distance-PCR was performed for the identification of inversions in intron 22 and intron 1. Then gross exon deletion was examined to the inversion-negative @entity1 by multiplex-PCR. Finally, direct sequencing was performed on exons 1-26, 5'- and 3'-UTR. We identified 33 mutations from the 38 @entity1 . These included 15 inversions in intron 22 (39.5%), one inversion in intron 1 (2.6%), one gross exon deletion (2.6%), five deletions (13.2%), two insertions (5.3%), six missense (15.8%) and three nonsense mutations (7.9%). Mutation types for five @entity1 (13.2%) were not identified in this study. We determined that the most common defect in @entity2801 in this study was an inversion mutation in intron 22; this is consistent with the findings of other studies. For the first time in Korean @entity447 , a @entity1 with intron 1 inversion was found. In addition, we report eight novel mutation types which never been reported in HAMSTeRS database. The mutation data in this study should prove useful as a reference for the diagnosis of @entity447 and the detection of carriers in the Korean population.

title: Profiling of @entity2801 mutations in Korean XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia A']


abstract: The authors discuss ten cases of occult @entity0 which presented initially as the @entity1283 . All cases were proven as @entity420 . Both mammography and ultrasonography revealed the @entity5 in 3 cases, while in the remaining 7 cases malignant lumps were not visualized. Multiple studies to detect an extra mammary site proved to be negative. A concealed @entity0 was found in 9 @entity1 with careful sectioning of the resected breast specimens. Only one @entity1 in whom @entity0 could not be detected has survived well for 6 years after the mastectomy. Parasternal node involvement was not identified in all 7 @entity1 of who had received an extended radical mastectomy. Three @entity1 died of the disease within 45 mo. Seven @entity1 are free of recurrence for 1 to 10 years (average 6 1/2 Y). Prognosis of the @entity1 in this group are as good as and/or sometimes better than those of the @entity1 with axillary nodes pathologically positive.

title: [Occult XXXX presenting as an @entity1283 ].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['axillary node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: The authors discuss ten cases of occult @entity0 which presented initially as the @entity1283 . All cases were proven as @entity420 . Both mammography and ultrasonography revealed the @entity5 in 3 cases, while in the remaining 7 cases malignant lumps were not visualized. Multiple studies to detect an extra mammary site proved to be negative. A concealed @entity0 was found in 9 @entity1 with careful sectioning of the resected breast specimens. Only one @entity1 in whom @entity0 could not be detected has survived well for 6 years after the mastectomy. Parasternal node involvement was not identified in all 7 @entity1 of who had received an extended radical mastectomy. Three @entity1 died of the disease within 45 mo. Seven @entity1 are free of recurrence for 1 to 10 years (average 6 1/2 Y). Prognosis of the @entity1 in this group are as good as and/or sometimes better than those of the @entity1 with axillary nodes pathologically positive.

title: [Occult @entity0 presenting as an XXXX ].

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['axillary node enlargement']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a three-dimensional porous film of @entity1 hair keratin (HHK)-collagen sponge complex for use as a dermal substitute. METHODS: The three components F, B, and Z derived from healthy @entity1 hair were weaved into a meshwork and integrated with purified soluble type I collagen extracted from @entity291 tendons to prepare a highly porous film with vacuum freeze-drying followed by secondary cross-linking with @entity3584 . The film was grafted beneath the dorsal skin in 21 SD @entity35 (experimental group), with simple collagen sponge serving as the negative control. The @entity35 receiving surgical operation but without graft served as the blank control. The graft and its surrounding tissue were harvested on days 3, 7 and at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 after implantation for evaluation of tissue compatibility, vascularization and degradation. RESULTS: The prepared collagen sponge film was semitransparent and porous. Three to 7 days after grafting, inflammatory reaction was relieved gradually, and several fibroblasts and blood vessels were found adherent to the grafts in the experimental groups. At week 4, the wounds healed in the experimental groups, and the fibroblasts were actively secreting collagen and the film degraded obviously with the appearance of elastic fibers. At weeks 6 and 8, new collagen fibers thickened and assumed regular arrangement, and the collagen sponge films disappeared completely. In the control groups, the changes were less obvious and total HHK degradation occurred till week 12. CONCLUSION: The degradable and absorbable HHK-collagen sponge film has relatively satisfactory tissue compatibility and can accelerate wound healing by stimulating cell proliferation and vascularization, showing the potential as an optimal dermal substitute.

title: Preparation and bioactivity of XXXX hair keratin-collagen sponge, a new type of dermal analogue.

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) is an endocrine regulator of @entity413 and lipid metabolism as well as body growth. @entity11249 levels are decreased and a unique pulsatile secretory pattern becomes obvious after puberty particularly in males. Coincidentally with this, males tend to deposit body fat. Experimental and clinical evidence has accumulated that @entity28 is associated with a decrease in @entity11249 levels. A strain of transgenic @entity35 has been generated with severe @entity28 but normal nose-to-tail length, which has low circulating @entity11249 levels without @entity392 ( @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH) transgenic @entity35 ). The present review mainly focuses on recent and current work analysing the relationship between the occurrence of @entity28 and low @entity11249 levels and/or the absence of @entity11249 @entity392 in this transgenic animal model. This model has elevated blood @entity413 , non-esterified @entity844 , insulin and leptin levels associated with @entity7298 , suggesting that these @entity35 also carry insulin- and leptin-resistant characteristics. hGH transgenic @entity35 were subjected to a pair-feeding treatment to normalize food intake and chronic @entity11249 replacement to normalize @entity11249 levels. While the pair-feeding for 8 weeks successfully suppressed body-weight gain, the fat pad : body weight ratio remained very similar to freely-eating control hGH transgenic @entity35 , which indicates the @entity7298 is not the sole contributor to the excess fat accumulation in this model. However, continuous elevation of peripheral hGH levels (approximately 2-fold) for 8 weeks by means of a slow-release vehicle resulted in a significant decrease in the fat mass : body weight ratios by 30 %. This @entity11249 treatment altered neither food intake nor body-weight gain. Thus, two characteristic phenotypes observed in the hGH transgenic @entity35 , @entity7298 and @entity28 , seem to be closely related to @entity11249 levels and @entity11249 secretory pattern. This relationship might be working in the regulation of changes in seasonal body composition in wild animals.

title: Effects of pulsatile secretion of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) on fat deposition in XXXX @entity2124 transgenic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['pulsatility']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) is an endocrine regulator of @entity413 and lipid metabolism as well as body growth. @entity11249 levels are decreased and a unique pulsatile secretory pattern becomes obvious after puberty particularly in males. Coincidentally with this, males tend to deposit body fat. Experimental and clinical evidence has accumulated that @entity28 is associated with a decrease in @entity11249 levels. A strain of transgenic @entity35 has been generated with severe @entity28 but normal nose-to-tail length, which has low circulating @entity11249 levels without @entity392 ( @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH) transgenic @entity35 ). The present review mainly focuses on recent and current work analysing the relationship between the occurrence of @entity28 and low @entity11249 levels and/or the absence of @entity11249 @entity392 in this transgenic animal model. This model has elevated blood @entity413 , non-esterified @entity844 , insulin and leptin levels associated with @entity7298 , suggesting that these @entity35 also carry insulin- and leptin-resistant characteristics. hGH transgenic @entity35 were subjected to a pair-feeding treatment to normalize food intake and chronic @entity11249 replacement to normalize @entity11249 levels. While the pair-feeding for 8 weeks successfully suppressed body-weight gain, the fat pad : body weight ratio remained very similar to freely-eating control hGH transgenic @entity35 , which indicates the @entity7298 is not the sole contributor to the excess fat accumulation in this model. However, continuous elevation of peripheral hGH levels (approximately 2-fold) for 8 weeks by means of a slow-release vehicle resulted in a significant decrease in the fat mass : body weight ratios by 30 %. This @entity11249 treatment altered neither food intake nor body-weight gain. Thus, two characteristic phenotypes observed in the hGH transgenic @entity35 , @entity7298 and @entity28 , seem to be closely related to @entity11249 levels and @entity11249 secretory pattern. This relationship might be working in the regulation of changes in seasonal body composition in wild animals.

title: Effects of pulsatile secretion of XXXX ( @entity2124 ) on fat deposition in @entity1 @entity2124 transgenic @entity35 .

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) is an endocrine regulator of @entity413 and lipid metabolism as well as body growth. @entity11249 levels are decreased and a unique pulsatile secretory pattern becomes obvious after puberty particularly in males. Coincidentally with this, males tend to deposit body fat. Experimental and clinical evidence has accumulated that @entity28 is associated with a decrease in @entity11249 levels. A strain of transgenic @entity35 has been generated with severe @entity28 but normal nose-to-tail length, which has low circulating @entity11249 levels without @entity392 ( @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH) transgenic @entity35 ). The present review mainly focuses on recent and current work analysing the relationship between the occurrence of @entity28 and low @entity11249 levels and/or the absence of @entity11249 @entity392 in this transgenic animal model. This model has elevated blood @entity413 , non-esterified @entity844 , insulin and leptin levels associated with @entity7298 , suggesting that these @entity35 also carry insulin- and leptin-resistant characteristics. hGH transgenic @entity35 were subjected to a pair-feeding treatment to normalize food intake and chronic @entity11249 replacement to normalize @entity11249 levels. While the pair-feeding for 8 weeks successfully suppressed body-weight gain, the fat pad : body weight ratio remained very similar to freely-eating control hGH transgenic @entity35 , which indicates the @entity7298 is not the sole contributor to the excess fat accumulation in this model. However, continuous elevation of peripheral hGH levels (approximately 2-fold) for 8 weeks by means of a slow-release vehicle resulted in a significant decrease in the fat mass : body weight ratios by 30 %. This @entity11249 treatment altered neither food intake nor body-weight gain. Thus, two characteristic phenotypes observed in the hGH transgenic @entity35 , @entity7298 and @entity28 , seem to be closely related to @entity11249 levels and @entity11249 secretory pattern. This relationship might be working in the regulation of changes in seasonal body composition in wild animals.

title: Effects of pulsatile secretion of @entity2124 ( XXXX ) on fat deposition in @entity1 @entity2124 transgenic @entity35 .

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['GH']


abstract: @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) is an endocrine regulator of @entity413 and lipid metabolism as well as body growth. @entity11249 levels are decreased and a unique pulsatile secretory pattern becomes obvious after puberty particularly in males. Coincidentally with this, males tend to deposit body fat. Experimental and clinical evidence has accumulated that @entity28 is associated with a decrease in @entity11249 levels. A strain of transgenic @entity35 has been generated with severe @entity28 but normal nose-to-tail length, which has low circulating @entity11249 levels without @entity392 ( @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH) transgenic @entity35 ). The present review mainly focuses on recent and current work analysing the relationship between the occurrence of @entity28 and low @entity11249 levels and/or the absence of @entity11249 @entity392 in this transgenic animal model. This model has elevated blood @entity413 , non-esterified @entity844 , insulin and leptin levels associated with @entity7298 , suggesting that these @entity35 also carry insulin- and leptin-resistant characteristics. hGH transgenic @entity35 were subjected to a pair-feeding treatment to normalize food intake and chronic @entity11249 replacement to normalize @entity11249 levels. While the pair-feeding for 8 weeks successfully suppressed body-weight gain, the fat pad : body weight ratio remained very similar to freely-eating control hGH transgenic @entity35 , which indicates the @entity7298 is not the sole contributor to the excess fat accumulation in this model. However, continuous elevation of peripheral hGH levels (approximately 2-fold) for 8 weeks by means of a slow-release vehicle resulted in a significant decrease in the fat mass : body weight ratios by 30 %. This @entity11249 treatment altered neither food intake nor body-weight gain. Thus, two characteristic phenotypes observed in the hGH transgenic @entity35 , @entity7298 and @entity28 , seem to be closely related to @entity11249 levels and @entity11249 secretory pattern. This relationship might be working in the regulation of changes in seasonal body composition in wild animals.

title: Effects of pulsatile secretion of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) on fat deposition in @entity1 XXXX transgenic @entity35 .

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['GH']


abstract: @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) is an endocrine regulator of @entity413 and lipid metabolism as well as body growth. @entity11249 levels are decreased and a unique pulsatile secretory pattern becomes obvious after puberty particularly in males. Coincidentally with this, males tend to deposit body fat. Experimental and clinical evidence has accumulated that @entity28 is associated with a decrease in @entity11249 levels. A strain of transgenic @entity35 has been generated with severe @entity28 but normal nose-to-tail length, which has low circulating @entity11249 levels without @entity392 ( @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH) transgenic @entity35 ). The present review mainly focuses on recent and current work analysing the relationship between the occurrence of @entity28 and low @entity11249 levels and/or the absence of @entity11249 @entity392 in this transgenic animal model. This model has elevated blood @entity413 , non-esterified @entity844 , insulin and leptin levels associated with @entity7298 , suggesting that these @entity35 also carry insulin- and leptin-resistant characteristics. hGH transgenic @entity35 were subjected to a pair-feeding treatment to normalize food intake and chronic @entity11249 replacement to normalize @entity11249 levels. While the pair-feeding for 8 weeks successfully suppressed body-weight gain, the fat pad : body weight ratio remained very similar to freely-eating control hGH transgenic @entity35 , which indicates the @entity7298 is not the sole contributor to the excess fat accumulation in this model. However, continuous elevation of peripheral hGH levels (approximately 2-fold) for 8 weeks by means of a slow-release vehicle resulted in a significant decrease in the fat mass : body weight ratios by 30 %. This @entity11249 treatment altered neither food intake nor body-weight gain. Thus, two characteristic phenotypes observed in the hGH transgenic @entity35 , @entity7298 and @entity28 , seem to be closely related to @entity11249 levels and @entity11249 secretory pattern. This relationship might be working in the regulation of changes in seasonal body composition in wild animals.

title: Effects of pulsatile secretion of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) on fat deposition in @entity1 @entity2124 transgenic XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity302 is one of the main features of @entity15617 ( @entity15617 ), although it is not described in depth. To determine the spectrum of @entity302 , we studied its main characteristics. METHODS: Based on clinical charts, we retrospectively analyzed the evolution of electroclinical features of 12 @entity1 with confirmed @entity15617 . RESULTS: @entity302 could be divided into three periods: (a) an early stage (median age, 3 months), characterized by focal clonic @entity159 , usually triggered by fever (10 @entity1 ). Ictal EEG showed runs of slow spike-waves and slow waves in the posterior regions, and interictal EEG multifocal and polymorphic slow waves (three cases), or mixed slow spike-waves and slow waves (seven cases). Partial @entity410 control was obtained in nine @entity1 during 5.9 months; (b) an intermediate stage (median age, 10 months) with @entity739 (11 @entity1 ) in which interictal EEG demonstrated modified @entity739 (seven cases), diffuse irregular slow waves and spike-waves (four cases). Six @entity1 died at the median age of 15 months; and (c) a late stage in the six remaining @entity1 (median age, 25 months), with multifocal @entity410 , @entity2473 , and @entity2045 in four @entity1 , whereas two @entity1 became @entity410 free. Interictal EEG showed multifocal high-amplitude activity, mixed with irregular slow waves in all six cases. These @entity1 died at the median age of 3.6 years. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a relatively large series of @entity15617 @entity1 with a quite prolonged survival, we individualized three successive periods in the course of @entity302 : early focal status, then @entity739 , and then @entity2045 and multifocal @entity302 after age 2 years.

title: XXXX : analysis of clinical stages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic', 'myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity15617 :: ('MESH:D007706', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'Menkes disease']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['intractable infantile spasms', 'hypsarrhythmia', 'infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['tonic spasms']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy in Menkes disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate possible alterations of vascular responsiveness to vasoactive hormones in the vessel preparations from adult @entity35 treated neonatally with high doses of @entity2227 . METHODS: The responses to @entity1063 and @entity750 in perfused hindlimb vascular bed and isolated renal artery were measured in @entity5542 -treated (2 and 4 mg/g BW) and control groups of adult @entity35 at the age of 10 weeks. Acetylcholine test was used to assess the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the hindlimb vascular preparation. The vessel specimens from this vascular bed were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: Vasoconstrictory responses to @entity1063 and @entity750 were significantly reduced in the hindlimb vascular bed in @entity5542 -treated @entity35 . In the renal artery, a significant decrease of the responses to @entity1063 was found without significant changes in the responses to @entity750 . The observed changes were more pronounced in groups treated with a high dose of @entity5542 . Comparison of relaxing responses to @entity934 in the hindlimb preparation did not show any statistically significant differences in control and @entity5542 treated groups. Histological evaluation of this preparations did not reveal any endothelial damage or morphological changes of vessel wall. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results showed reduced vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictory agents in adult @entity35 neonatally treated with @entity5542 suggesting that early postnatal administration of @entity2227 may result in irreversible changes in cardiovascular function.

title: Early Postnatal XXXX Treatment Results in Altered Vascular Responsiveness to @entity750 and @entity1063 in Adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['Glutamate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate possible alterations of vascular responsiveness to vasoactive hormones in the vessel preparations from adult @entity35 treated neonatally with high doses of @entity2227 . METHODS: The responses to @entity1063 and @entity750 in perfused hindlimb vascular bed and isolated renal artery were measured in @entity5542 -treated (2 and 4 mg/g BW) and control groups of adult @entity35 at the age of 10 weeks. Acetylcholine test was used to assess the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the hindlimb vascular preparation. The vessel specimens from this vascular bed were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: Vasoconstrictory responses to @entity1063 and @entity750 were significantly reduced in the hindlimb vascular bed in @entity5542 -treated @entity35 . In the renal artery, a significant decrease of the responses to @entity1063 was found without significant changes in the responses to @entity750 . The observed changes were more pronounced in groups treated with a high dose of @entity5542 . Comparison of relaxing responses to @entity934 in the hindlimb preparation did not show any statistically significant differences in control and @entity5542 treated groups. Histological evaluation of this preparations did not reveal any endothelial damage or morphological changes of vessel wall. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results showed reduced vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictory agents in adult @entity35 neonatally treated with @entity5542 suggesting that early postnatal administration of @entity2227 may result in irreversible changes in cardiovascular function.

title: Early Postnatal @entity2227 Treatment Results in Altered Vascular Responsiveness to @entity750 and XXXX in Adult @entity35 .

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['Noradrenaline']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate possible alterations of vascular responsiveness to vasoactive hormones in the vessel preparations from adult @entity35 treated neonatally with high doses of @entity2227 . METHODS: The responses to @entity1063 and @entity750 in perfused hindlimb vascular bed and isolated renal artery were measured in @entity5542 -treated (2 and 4 mg/g BW) and control groups of adult @entity35 at the age of 10 weeks. Acetylcholine test was used to assess the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the hindlimb vascular preparation. The vessel specimens from this vascular bed were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: Vasoconstrictory responses to @entity1063 and @entity750 were significantly reduced in the hindlimb vascular bed in @entity5542 -treated @entity35 . In the renal artery, a significant decrease of the responses to @entity1063 was found without significant changes in the responses to @entity750 . The observed changes were more pronounced in groups treated with a high dose of @entity5542 . Comparison of relaxing responses to @entity934 in the hindlimb preparation did not show any statistically significant differences in control and @entity5542 treated groups. Histological evaluation of this preparations did not reveal any endothelial damage or morphological changes of vessel wall. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results showed reduced vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictory agents in adult @entity35 neonatally treated with @entity5542 suggesting that early postnatal administration of @entity2227 may result in irreversible changes in cardiovascular function.

title: Early Postnatal @entity2227 Treatment Results in Altered Vascular Responsiveness to XXXX and @entity1063 in Adult @entity35 .

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate possible alterations of vascular responsiveness to vasoactive hormones in the vessel preparations from adult @entity35 treated neonatally with high doses of @entity2227 . METHODS: The responses to @entity1063 and @entity750 in perfused hindlimb vascular bed and isolated renal artery were measured in @entity5542 -treated (2 and 4 mg/g BW) and control groups of adult @entity35 at the age of 10 weeks. Acetylcholine test was used to assess the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the hindlimb vascular preparation. The vessel specimens from this vascular bed were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: Vasoconstrictory responses to @entity1063 and @entity750 were significantly reduced in the hindlimb vascular bed in @entity5542 -treated @entity35 . In the renal artery, a significant decrease of the responses to @entity1063 was found without significant changes in the responses to @entity750 . The observed changes were more pronounced in groups treated with a high dose of @entity5542 . Comparison of relaxing responses to @entity934 in the hindlimb preparation did not show any statistically significant differences in control and @entity5542 treated groups. Histological evaluation of this preparations did not reveal any endothelial damage or morphological changes of vessel wall. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results showed reduced vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictory agents in adult @entity35 neonatally treated with @entity5542 suggesting that early postnatal administration of @entity2227 may result in irreversible changes in cardiovascular function.

title: Early Postnatal @entity2227 Treatment Results in Altered Vascular Responsiveness to @entity750 and @entity1063 in Adult XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: This review focuses on the effects of oral contraceptives (OC) and @entity172 replacement therapy (ERT) on the risk of @entity5344 . The relationship between OC and @entity5 risk is first placed in a historical perspective. Since 1960, when OC were introduced, the hormonal composition of OC as well as the characteristics of the OC user have changed considerably. Studies conducted in the 1970s were generally reassuring, but it was not until the 1980s that studies could evaluate the effect of prolonged OC use after an extended follow-up period. Although the relationship between @entity0 and OC has been investigated in about 40 studies, the issue still remains essentially unresolved. Most studies report no association between ever use of OC and @entity0 risk. Several studies find increased risk for prolonged use and other studies report elevated risks for @entity1 who used OC very early in their reproductive years. The inconsistent results of recent studies are attributed to bias or to geographical variation in latency period elapsed, types of OC preparations, or prevalence of other risk factors. In contrast, the use of combined OC has consistently been shown to reduce the risk of @entity43 . The risk further decreases with increasing duration of use and the protective effect seems to persist in ex-users for at least 5 years. Some evidence indicates that higher parity reduces the protective effect. Though studies relating ERT to @entity0 are far from consistent, overall, there is evidence for a moderately increased risk with high dose and/or long duration. The effect seems to be modified by mode of administration (injections vs. pills) and by type of ERT, but this needs confirmation. The number of adequate studies on the relationship between ERT and @entity43 is too small to draw firm conclusions. The positive relationship between ERT and @entity1204 is now well established. The ERT effect is dose- and duration-dependent and is characterized by a short latency period. The cyclic addition of @entity1420 (greater than 10 days/cycle) may reduce the risk increase.

title: The role of exogenous hormones in the epidemiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and endometrial cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Goals were to determine the feasibility of conducting a study of @entity3325 ( @entity3325 ) for @entity3052 @entity1 and to obtain preliminary data on its effectiveness. METHODS: Forty hospitalized @entity1778 @entity1 completed a brief survey of @entity3325 knowledge/experience. A prospective cohort (N = 12) was invited to participate in an @entity3325 intervention (9 30-minute sessions over 3 weeks); they completed measures of distress, symptoms, and sleep (at weeks 1 and 5), and completed single item ratings of @entity1295 , @entity390 , distress, and @entity158 immediately pre-post selected @entity3325 sessions. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze change in pre-post session ratings and distress, symptom, and sleep measures. RESULTS: Among survey respondents, 8% had used @entity3325 in the past, and 71% were interested in using @entity3325 . In the prospective cohort, there were significant pre-post session improvements in @entity1295 and @entity390 (but not in distress and @entity158 ). There were no significant changes between weeks 1 and 5 in distress, symptoms, or sleep. Ratings and qualitative feedback on @entity3325 were positive, focused mainly on feeling relaxed following @entity3325 sessions. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to recruit @entity1 hospitalized for @entity3052 to a study of @entity3325 . Preliminary data on short-term improvements in symptoms indicate these are promising outcomes for future study.

title: Healing touch as a supportive intervention for adult XXXX @entity1 : a pilot investigation of effects on distress and symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3325 :: ('MESH:D020886', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'Healing Touch']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Goals were to determine the feasibility of conducting a study of @entity3325 ( @entity3325 ) for @entity3052 @entity1 and to obtain preliminary data on its effectiveness. METHODS: Forty hospitalized @entity1778 @entity1 completed a brief survey of @entity3325 knowledge/experience. A prospective cohort (N = 12) was invited to participate in an @entity3325 intervention (9 30-minute sessions over 3 weeks); they completed measures of distress, symptoms, and sleep (at weeks 1 and 5), and completed single item ratings of @entity1295 , @entity390 , distress, and @entity158 immediately pre-post selected @entity3325 sessions. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze change in pre-post session ratings and distress, symptom, and sleep measures. RESULTS: Among survey respondents, 8% had used @entity3325 in the past, and 71% were interested in using @entity3325 . In the prospective cohort, there were significant pre-post session improvements in @entity1295 and @entity390 (but not in distress and @entity158 ). There were no significant changes between weeks 1 and 5 in distress, symptoms, or sleep. Ratings and qualitative feedback on @entity3325 were positive, focused mainly on feeling relaxed following @entity3325 sessions. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to recruit @entity1 hospitalized for @entity3052 to a study of @entity3325 . Preliminary data on short-term improvements in symptoms indicate these are promising outcomes for future study.

title: Healing touch as a supportive intervention for adult @entity3052 XXXX : a pilot investigation of effects on distress and symptoms.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide reference values and to compare this technique with the standard motor conduction velocity (MCV) of the ulnar nerve. DESIGN: Retrospective unmasked study. SETTING: Private and institutional practice. @entity1 : The reference group included 57 healthy volunteers. @entity1 included 100 subjects with suspected @entity16 at the elbow (UNE) referred for neurophysiologic evaluation. This group was subdivided into 2 groups: group A was composed of 45 @entity1 with UNE confirmed by MCV of the ulnar nerve, and group B included 55 @entity1 with suspected UNE in whom the diagnosis could not be established by MCV of the ulnar nerve. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences between peak latencies of ulnar and median mixed nerve action potentials at the arm, after stimulating these nerves at the wrist. This was called mixed latency difference. RESULTS: The upper normative limit of the mixed latency difference was 1.1 ms, and there was a significant correlation with height. In group A, the mixed latency difference was abnormal in 80% of the cases and could not be calculated in 18%. In group B, the mixed latency difference was abnormal in 8 (15%) @entity1 . All of these had abnormal "inching" of the ulnar nerve across the elbow. CONCLUSIONS: The mixed latency difference was particularly useful in cases of mild UNE.

title: Mixed latency difference for diagnosis of XXXX at the elbow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuropathy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['ulnar neuropathy']


abstract: Empathy is a multidimensional construct composed of several components such as emotion recognition, emotional perspective taking and affective responsiveness. @entity1 with @entity161 demonstrate deficits in several domains of emotion processing and perspective taking, thus suggesting a dysfunctional emotional competence. We assessed empathic abilities via three paradigms measuring emotion recognition, perspective taking and affective responsiveness as well as self-report empathy questionnaires in 24 (12 females, 12 males) @entity161 @entity1 meeting the DSM-IV criteria for @entity161 and 24 matched healthy volunteers. @entity1 were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University and healthy volunteers were recruited via advertisement. Groups were matched for age, gender and parental education. Data analysis indicates a significant @entity51 in @entity1 , reflected in worse performance in all three domains. This deficit was only partly reflected in the self-report empathy questionnaires. Comparing the different tasks, emotional perspective taking was the most difficult task for all subjects and symptomatology worsened affective responsiveness. @entity161 @entity1 not only struggle to correctly identify emotions, but also have difficulties in spontaneously simulating another @entity1 's subjective world (perspective taking) and might not be able to respond adequately in terms of their own emotional experience (affective responsiveness), which are not caused by @entity51 . The results suggest that all domains of empathy are affected in @entity161 and have to be addressed independently in behavioral therapies, thereby offering a possibility to improve socio-occupational life.

title: Generalized deficit in all core components of empathy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['emotion perception deficits', 'empathic deficit']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop and determine the reliability and validity of a sensitive observational measure to assess recovery in clinically meaningful areas of function after @entity173 . DESIGN: Used survey data to identify activities difficult to perform after @entity174 ; conducted focus groups; interviewed @entity1 ; and developed a standardized protocol to prospectively test the highest ranking activities. SETTING: Evaluations conducted in 8 Baltimore hospitals or the @entity1 ' residence. @entity1 : @entity1 2 to 24 months postfracture, 65 years and older, and community-dwelling. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The Lower Extremity Gain Scale (LEGS). RESULTS: Nine performance-based activities were appropriate for administration in clinical and research settings: (1) walk 3m (10ft); put on a (2) sock and (3) shoe on the fractured side; (4) rise from an armless chair; step (5) up and (6) down 4 stairs; get (7) on and (8) off the toilet; and (9) reach for an item on the ground from a sitting position. Reproducibility is good and measures of internal consistency and content, concurrent, and construct validity are high. CONCLUSIONS: The LEGS can be easily administered by clinicians in a short time as part of care. Research and clinical scoring methods and performance norms can track recovery in activities that are most relevant in the lives of @entity1 .

title: The Lower Extremity Gain Scale: a performance-based measure to assess recovery after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1358 are often multifocal. We investigated the genomic signatures of multifocal @entity1358 to determine whether @entity5 in the same kidney bear a clonal relationship to one another. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A total of 62 @entity5 from 26 @entity1 who underwent radical nephrectomy were examined. All @entity1 had @entity1358 . Loss of heterozygosity analyses were done using five microsatellite polymorphic markers that represent putative @entity5 suppressor genes on chromosome 3p14 (D3S1300), 7q31 (D7S522), 8p22 (D8S261), 9p21 (D9S171), and 17 @entity4668 ( @entity876 ). X chromosome inactivation analyses were also done on the @entity703 from the 10 female @entity1 . Chromosome 3p deletion status was determined by dual color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in all @entity5 . RESULTS: Nineteen of the 26 (73%) @entity1 with multifocal @entity1358 showed @entity393 in at least 1 of 5 microsatellite loci in separate @entity5 analyzed. A disconcordant pattern of @entity393 between coexisting @entity703 was observed in 7 cases. Six cases showed discordant 3p deletion patterns by dual color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Of the eight informative female cases studied by X chromosome inactivation, one showed a discordant nonrandom pattern of X chromosome inactivation. Overall, evidence of independent origin of the multifocal @entity703 was observed in 12 of 26 cases (46%). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that in a significant number of cases of multifocal @entity1358 , the spatially separate @entity5 are of different clonal origin and arise independently.

title: Evidence for polyclonal origin of multifocal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinomas', 'clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'multiple separate clear cell renal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['allelic loss']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney tumors', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of post and ferrule length on the resistance to cyclic (fatigue) loading of teeth with prefabricated @entity702 posts (ParaPost) and crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety @entity291 teeth with similar dimensions were mounted in @entity616 with artificial @entity1346 periodontal ligaments. Combinations of post lengths of 5 mm, 7.5 mm, and 10 mm, and ferrule lengths (i.e., the vertical dentinal overlap of the crown) of 0 mm, 1.25 mm, and 2.5 mm made up 9 different groups consisting of 10 teeth each. The posts were cemented with @entity24967 cement. Composite-resin cores were made and crowns were cemented. Each test specimen underwent cyclic loading of 400 N with a frequency of 1 load per second at an angulation of 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth. RESULTS: All but 2 specimens failed with a root @entity174 ; in the remaining 2 specimens the core lost retention. A large variation in the results between the various groups was observed. A nonparametric 2-way analysis for groups with a natural order revealed that the @entity174 resistance to cyclic loading increased statistically significantly with increasing ferrule length (P < 0.01), whereas increasing post length did not increase @entity174 resistance (P = 0.44). CONCLUSION: Ferrule length was more important than post length in increasing @entity174 resistance to cyclic loading of crowned teeth.

title: The influence of post length and crown ferrule length on the resistance to cyclic loading of @entity291 teeth with prefabricated XXXX posts.

entities_list: @entity24967 :: ('MESH:C043952', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['acrylic blocks']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of post and ferrule length on the resistance to cyclic (fatigue) loading of teeth with prefabricated @entity702 posts (ParaPost) and crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety @entity291 teeth with similar dimensions were mounted in @entity616 with artificial @entity1346 periodontal ligaments. Combinations of post lengths of 5 mm, 7.5 mm, and 10 mm, and ferrule lengths (i.e., the vertical dentinal overlap of the crown) of 0 mm, 1.25 mm, and 2.5 mm made up 9 different groups consisting of 10 teeth each. The posts were cemented with @entity24967 cement. Composite-resin cores were made and crowns were cemented. Each test specimen underwent cyclic loading of 400 N with a frequency of 1 load per second at an angulation of 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth. RESULTS: All but 2 specimens failed with a root @entity174 ; in the remaining 2 specimens the core lost retention. A large variation in the results between the various groups was observed. A nonparametric 2-way analysis for groups with a natural order revealed that the @entity174 resistance to cyclic loading increased statistically significantly with increasing ferrule length (P < 0.01), whereas increasing post length did not increase @entity174 resistance (P = 0.44). CONCLUSION: Ferrule length was more important than post length in increasing @entity174 resistance to cyclic loading of crowned teeth.

title: The influence of post length and crown ferrule length on the resistance to cyclic loading of XXXX teeth with prefabricated @entity702 posts.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of a previous randomized controlled trial have shown comparable effectiveness of a standardized eccentric loading training and of repetitive low-energy @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) in @entity1 suffering from chronic midportion Achilles @entity924 . No randomized controlled trials have tested whether a combined approach might lead to even better results. PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of 2 management strategies--group 1: eccentric loading and group 2: eccentric loading plus repetitive low-energy shock-wave therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity1 with a chronic recalcitrant (>6 months) noninsertional Achilles @entity924 were enrolled in a randomized controlled study. All @entity1 had received unsuccessful management for >3 months, including at least (1) peritendinous local injections, (2) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and (3) physiotherapy. A computerized random-number generator was used to draw up an allocation schedule. Analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: At 4 months from baseline, the VISA-A score increased in both groups, from 50 to 73 points in group 1 (eccentric loading) and from 51 to 87 points in group 2 (eccentric loading plus @entity1457 ). @entity158 rating decreased in both groups, from 7 to 4 points in group 1 and from 7 to 2 points in group 2. Nineteen of 34 @entity1 in group 1 (56%) and 28 of 34 @entity1 in group 2 (82%) reported a Likert scale of 1 or 2 points ("completely recovered" or "much improved"). For all outcome measures, groups 1 and 2 differed significantly in favor of the combined approach at the 4-month follow-up. At 1 year from baseline, there was no difference any longer, with 15 failed @entity1 of group 1 opting for having the combined therapy as cross-over and with 6 failed @entity1 of group 2 having undergone surgery. CONCLUSION: At 4-month follow-up, eccentric loading alone was less effective when compared with a combination of eccentric loading and repetitive low-energy @entity1457 .

title: Eccentric loading versus eccentric loading plus @entity1457 for XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['shock-wave treatment', 'SWT']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['midportion achilles tendinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of a previous randomized controlled trial have shown comparable effectiveness of a standardized eccentric loading training and of repetitive low-energy @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) in @entity1 suffering from chronic midportion Achilles @entity924 . No randomized controlled trials have tested whether a combined approach might lead to even better results. PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of 2 management strategies--group 1: eccentric loading and group 2: eccentric loading plus repetitive low-energy shock-wave therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity1 with a chronic recalcitrant (>6 months) noninsertional Achilles @entity924 were enrolled in a randomized controlled study. All @entity1 had received unsuccessful management for >3 months, including at least (1) peritendinous local injections, (2) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and (3) physiotherapy. A computerized random-number generator was used to draw up an allocation schedule. Analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: At 4 months from baseline, the VISA-A score increased in both groups, from 50 to 73 points in group 1 (eccentric loading) and from 51 to 87 points in group 2 (eccentric loading plus @entity1457 ). @entity158 rating decreased in both groups, from 7 to 4 points in group 1 and from 7 to 2 points in group 2. Nineteen of 34 @entity1 in group 1 (56%) and 28 of 34 @entity1 in group 2 (82%) reported a Likert scale of 1 or 2 points ("completely recovered" or "much improved"). For all outcome measures, groups 1 and 2 differed significantly in favor of the combined approach at the 4-month follow-up. At 1 year from baseline, there was no difference any longer, with 15 failed @entity1 of group 1 opting for having the combined therapy as cross-over and with 6 failed @entity1 of group 2 having undergone surgery. CONCLUSION: At 4-month follow-up, eccentric loading alone was less effective when compared with a combination of eccentric loading and repetitive low-energy @entity1457 .

title: Eccentric loading versus eccentric loading plus XXXX for @entity924 : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['shock-wave treatment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES)-induced @entity548 is a serious complication of ERCP and occurs in 1% to 2% of all procedures. A heat probe has been used effectively for many causes of @entity548 . We prospectively investigated the efficacy and the safety of heat probe usage in @entity1 with ES-induced @entity548 . METHODS: Between July 2002 and March 2004, ERCP procedures with ES were evaluated prospectively for complications. A heat probe was used to control ES-induced @entity548 . RESULTS: ES was performed in 703 of a total of 1262 (55.7%) ERCP procedures. ES-induced @entity548 occurred in 16 @entity1 (2.3%; 10 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 ; 59.6 +/- 15.2 years). Six of 16 @entity1 bled during ERCP, and all @entity548 was controlled by heat probe. Ten @entity1 hemorrhaged after ERCP: 6 @entity1 needed endoscopic treatment with heat probe, and 4 were followed up with supportive treatment without the need for any further treatment. There was no complication caused by the heat probe in this series. CONCLUSIONS: Heat probe is an easy, safe, and effective procedure for ES-induced @entity548 treatment.

title: Endoscopic sphincterotomy-induced XXXX : treatment with heat probe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'GI hemorrhages', 'hemorrhages']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: We evaluated dietary counselling by dietitians in hypercholesterolaemic @entity101 over 6 months. A total of 141 @entity1 were randomly assigned to intensive advice or usual care. Body weight fell significantly in the intervention group, but did not in the controls. There was a modest but significant fall in total @entity165 from 7.1 to 6.8 and 7.1 to 6.9 mmol/l in the diet and the control groups, respectively (4 and 3%). A similar pattern emerged from the @entity412 measurements. Low-density lipoprotein fell in both groups, but only achieved significance (P less than 0.05) in the intervention group. High-density lipoprotein did not change. There was a more marked change in @entity165 when serum levels during the study were compared with the previous annual review. These falls occurred after selection for the study but before random allocation to groups. They are unlikely to reflect regression to the mean as the lipids were stable for 2 or more years before the study, but may reflect spontaneous changes in diet after the @entity1 were labelled hypercholesterolaemic. Dietary advice can lower total @entity165 but the magnitude of this decrease is small. Additional approaches are likely to be required to reduce plasma @entity165 to a normal range.

title: Hypercholesterolaemia in treated XXXX : a controlled trial of intensive dietary advice.

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensives']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5588 ( @entity5588 ) or symptomatic elongated styloid process is an uncommon but important cause of @entity10 . This study reports our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of a series of @entity1 with @entity5588 . STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 histories, radiographic tests, and operative reports of 3 @entity1 over a 3-month period were prospectively collected. SETTING: Tertiary referral otolaryngology service. RESULTS: All @entity1 had resolution of symptoms relating to their elongated styloid processes after surgical resection. CONCLUSION: Although sometimes clouded by coexisting symptoms, @entity5588 can be easily diagnosed based on good history taking and physical examination. If diagnosed appropriately, surgical treatment can be administered promptly. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity1 with @entity5588 commonly have a long history of @entity1118 treated by multiple physicians. Appropriate diagnosis can lead to prompt treatment of this condition. EBM RATING: @entity10287 .

title: Heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5588 :: ('MESH:C538010', 'Disease') :: ['ES', "Eagle's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['chronic head and neck pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity5588 :: (MESH:C538010,Disease) :: ['Eagle's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6783 ( @entity6783 ) is a recently described disorder that results from absence of bone over the superior semicircular canal. We have reviewed 30 cases of @entity6783 found at our institution and report their presentation, workup, and response to therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6783 from 1999 to 2004 at the University of Utah. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were identified with @entity6783 . @entity1 presented with chronic disequilibrium (63%), Tullio's phenomenon (41%), pressure evoked vertigo (44%), @entity393 (30%), and @entity392 (7%). ENG performed early in our series revealed @entity346 with sound presentation, Valsalva, or tympanogram; however, history and CT examination alone was used to identify this condition in most of our @entity1 . Twenty-seven of the 30 @entity1 had some symptoms related to @entity6783 ; the other 3 were found to have incidental @entity6783 on CT examination. Of these @entity1 , 14 had severe enough symptoms to warrant operative intervention. All, but one had resolution of their symptoms after completion of intervention. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6783 is a highly treatable form of @entity345 once recognized. When @entity1 present with typical symptoms, workup with CT is reliable and accurate. Surgical intervention results in reversal of symptoms in most cases with low morbidity. EBM RATING: @entity10287 .

title: Reversible peripheral XXXX : the treatment of superior canal dehiscence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity345 :: ('MESH:D065635', 'Disease') :: ['vestibulopathy']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['Superior canal dehiscence', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['pulsatile tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal nystagmus']

answer: @entity345 :: (MESH:D065635,Disease) :: ['vestibulopathy']


abstract: We investigated differences between immature and mature hippocampal neurons in their response to deprivation of @entity26 and @entity413 (in vitro @entity63 ), using intracellular recording techniques from @entity1249 pyramidal neurons in @entity35 brain slices. The membrane was more depolarized in immature hippocampal @entity1249 neurons (postnatal day 7, P7) compared with the adult neurons (P140), and the apparent input resistance in immature neurons was higher than that in adult neurons. In immature neurons, the threshold for action potential generation was high, and the peak amplitude of the action potential was low in comparison with adult neurons. A time-dependent inward rectification, at potentials negative than the resting potential, was prominent in neurons of @entity19241 and @entity7504 . After @entity7504 , the resting membrane potential, the apparent input resistance, and the threshold and the peak amplitude of the action potential did not significantly change with increasing age. In adult neurons, application of @entity63 -simulating medium caused irreversible changes in membrane potential consisting of an initial hyperpolarization followed by a slow depolarization and a rapid depolarization. Once the rapid depolarization occurred, reintroduction of @entity26 and @entity413 failed to restore the membrane potential, a state referred to as irreversible membrane dysfunction. In neurons of ages P7 or @entity19241 , the initial hyperpolarization was not apparent, whereas a slow depolarization followed by a rapid depolarization was observed. With development of the neurons, the latency for onset of the rapid depolarization became shorter and its maximal slope increased. Moreover, neurons of ages @entity19241 or @entity7504 showed a partial or complete recovery after reintroduction of @entity26 and @entity413 , unlike mature neurons. In summary, the present study has demonstrated that the initial hyperpolarization and rapid depolarization induced by in vitro @entity63 is age dependent. The rapid depolarization is not readily produced in the neurons in age less than @entity7504 during ischemic exposure.

title: Membrane dysfunction induced by in vitro @entity63 in immature @entity35 hippocampal XXXX neurons.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: We investigated differences between immature and mature hippocampal neurons in their response to deprivation of @entity26 and @entity413 (in vitro @entity63 ), using intracellular recording techniques from @entity1249 pyramidal neurons in @entity35 brain slices. The membrane was more depolarized in immature hippocampal @entity1249 neurons (postnatal day 7, P7) compared with the adult neurons (P140), and the apparent input resistance in immature neurons was higher than that in adult neurons. In immature neurons, the threshold for action potential generation was high, and the peak amplitude of the action potential was low in comparison with adult neurons. A time-dependent inward rectification, at potentials negative than the resting potential, was prominent in neurons of @entity19241 and @entity7504 . After @entity7504 , the resting membrane potential, the apparent input resistance, and the threshold and the peak amplitude of the action potential did not significantly change with increasing age. In adult neurons, application of @entity63 -simulating medium caused irreversible changes in membrane potential consisting of an initial hyperpolarization followed by a slow depolarization and a rapid depolarization. Once the rapid depolarization occurred, reintroduction of @entity26 and @entity413 failed to restore the membrane potential, a state referred to as irreversible membrane dysfunction. In neurons of ages P7 or @entity19241 , the initial hyperpolarization was not apparent, whereas a slow depolarization followed by a rapid depolarization was observed. With development of the neurons, the latency for onset of the rapid depolarization became shorter and its maximal slope increased. Moreover, neurons of ages @entity19241 or @entity7504 showed a partial or complete recovery after reintroduction of @entity26 and @entity413 , unlike mature neurons. In summary, the present study has demonstrated that the initial hyperpolarization and rapid depolarization induced by in vitro @entity63 is age dependent. The rapid depolarization is not readily produced in the neurons in age less than @entity7504 during ischemic exposure.

title: Membrane dysfunction induced by in vitro XXXX in immature @entity35 hippocampal @entity1249 neurons.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: We investigated differences between immature and mature hippocampal neurons in their response to deprivation of @entity26 and @entity413 (in vitro @entity63 ), using intracellular recording techniques from @entity1249 pyramidal neurons in @entity35 brain slices. The membrane was more depolarized in immature hippocampal @entity1249 neurons (postnatal day 7, P7) compared with the adult neurons (P140), and the apparent input resistance in immature neurons was higher than that in adult neurons. In immature neurons, the threshold for action potential generation was high, and the peak amplitude of the action potential was low in comparison with adult neurons. A time-dependent inward rectification, at potentials negative than the resting potential, was prominent in neurons of @entity19241 and @entity7504 . After @entity7504 , the resting membrane potential, the apparent input resistance, and the threshold and the peak amplitude of the action potential did not significantly change with increasing age. In adult neurons, application of @entity63 -simulating medium caused irreversible changes in membrane potential consisting of an initial hyperpolarization followed by a slow depolarization and a rapid depolarization. Once the rapid depolarization occurred, reintroduction of @entity26 and @entity413 failed to restore the membrane potential, a state referred to as irreversible membrane dysfunction. In neurons of ages P7 or @entity19241 , the initial hyperpolarization was not apparent, whereas a slow depolarization followed by a rapid depolarization was observed. With development of the neurons, the latency for onset of the rapid depolarization became shorter and its maximal slope increased. Moreover, neurons of ages @entity19241 or @entity7504 showed a partial or complete recovery after reintroduction of @entity26 and @entity413 , unlike mature neurons. In summary, the present study has demonstrated that the initial hyperpolarization and rapid depolarization induced by in vitro @entity63 is age dependent. The rapid depolarization is not readily produced in the neurons in age less than @entity7504 during ischemic exposure.

title: Membrane dysfunction induced by in vitro @entity63 in immature XXXX hippocampal @entity1249 neurons.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish an optimal age threshold for endoscopy referral in @entity1 with simple @entity2210 in the setting of European developing country (Bosnia and Herzegovina) with low availability and high workload of endoscopy units. METHODS: We reviewed @entity1 information on all upper endoscopies performed during a 6-year period (2000-2005). Different age thresholds were evaluated in terms of their predictive power for absence of @entity5 . RESULTS: A total of 82 of 4403 (1.86%) dyspeptic @entity1 had @entity344 . Age cutoffs of 40 years for @entity1 and 45 years for @entity1 had the best predictive power, without any cases of upper @entity344 below those thresholds. Age cutoffs of 45 years for @entity1 and 50 years for @entity1 also had excellent negative predictive values (99.7 and 99.9%, respectively) with 1.45 and 0.98 cases of missed upper @entity344 per 1000 endoscopies, respectively. A total of 1709 of 4403 (38.8%) of endoscopies might have been avoided in @entity1 of less than 45 and @entity1 of less than 50 with @entity2210 . CONCLUSION: (i) Age thresholds for endoscopy referral are lower than in Western countries and should be different for @entity1 and @entity1 . (ii) Cutoff values of 40 and 45 years for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively, are completely safe to use. (iii) Thresholds of 45 years for males and 50 years for females have a small level of risk of missing @entity344 , but are acceptable to use in areas of low availability of endoscopy.

title: Simple XXXX : age threshold for early endoscopy in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy', 'GI malignancies', 'upper GI malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['uninvestigated dyspepsia']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['uninvestigated dyspepsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Black @entity1 have a higher mortality rate than nonblacks after @entity1028 repair. We sought to understand the factors responsible for this racial disparity in the mortality rate after @entity439 repair. METHODS: The Medicare database (2001-2006) was used to identify 160,785 @entity1 undergoing open and endovascular @entity1028 repairs. We used risk-adjusted mortality as our primary measure of quality and logistic regression to determine the relationship between race and mortality, sequentially adding contributing factors including @entity1 characteristics, the type of repair (endovascular vs open repair), socioeconomic status, and hospital quality. From these sequential regression models, we estimated the proportion of the disparity that can be explained by each factor. RESULTS: Black @entity1 had a 36% higher risk-adjusted mortality after @entity439 repair than nonblack @entity1 (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-1.53). Even after accounting for the type of repair, a significant difference in mortality remained (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18-1.50). Mortality rates were higher in hospitals treating a higher proportion of black @entity1 . Adjusting for these differences in hospital quality, this disparity was no longer significant (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.93-1.25). We estimate that 29% of the observed disparity in mortality is caused by @entity1 comorbidities, 6% from the use of endovascular repairs, 26% due to socioeconomic factors, and 25% because black @entity1 receive care in lower-quality hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Although many factors contribute, a large proportion of observed disparities in outcomes are attributable to black @entity1 receiving care in lower-quality hospitals. Efforts aimed at improving disparities must focus on improved access to high-quality hospitals and improved resources at the hospitals that treat higher proportions of black @entity1 .

title: Explaining racial disparities in mortality after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity5962 loss causes @entity5 ( @entity5 ) detected at mammographic screening to have different mammographic appearances than do @entity5 with normal @entity5962 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study design had hospital ethics committee approval; informed consent was waived. Membranous expression of @entity5962 was assessed immunohistochemically in @entity1 younger than 70 years from a consecutive series of 1944 operable invasive @entity0 . Of those, 276 NLC cases (age range, 45-70 years) were common to a prospectively collected database of @entity0 detected at screening. The mammographic features of 131 @entity5 with reduced @entity5962 expression were compared with those of 145 @entity5 with normal @entity5962 expression. RESULTS: @entity5 with @entity5962 loss were more likely to manifest as an ill-defined mass and less likely to manifest noncomedo microcalcifications at mammography than were @entity5 with normal @entity5962 expression (47 [35.9%] of 131 vs 35 [24.1%] of 145, P = .03; and one [0.8%] of 131 versus 13 [9%] of 145, P = .001; respectively). @entity5 with @entity5962 loss were significantly larger (>or=15 mm) than @entity5 with normal @entity5962 expression (71 [54.2%] of 131 @entity5 vs 57 [39.3%] of 145; P = .01). Both groups had a similar distribution of grade, @entity5 type, nodal metastases, and vascular invasion. CONCLUSION: Invasive @entity5 with reduced @entity5962 expression detected at screening are more likely to appear as ill-defined masses and less likely to manifest noncomedo microcalcifications than are @entity5 with normal @entity5962 expression. @entity5 with reduced @entity5962 expression appear to have mammographic features that make them difficult to detect at small sizes.

title: Influence of @entity5962 expression on the mammographic appearance of XXXX detected at screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nonlobular cancers', 'NLCs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['invasive nonlobular breast carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity5962 loss causes @entity5 ( @entity5 ) detected at mammographic screening to have different mammographic appearances than do @entity5 with normal @entity5962 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study design had hospital ethics committee approval; informed consent was waived. Membranous expression of @entity5962 was assessed immunohistochemically in @entity1 younger than 70 years from a consecutive series of 1944 operable invasive @entity0 . Of those, 276 NLC cases (age range, 45-70 years) were common to a prospectively collected database of @entity0 detected at screening. The mammographic features of 131 @entity5 with reduced @entity5962 expression were compared with those of 145 @entity5 with normal @entity5962 expression. RESULTS: @entity5 with @entity5962 loss were more likely to manifest as an ill-defined mass and less likely to manifest noncomedo microcalcifications at mammography than were @entity5 with normal @entity5962 expression (47 [35.9%] of 131 vs 35 [24.1%] of 145, P = .03; and one [0.8%] of 131 versus 13 [9%] of 145, P = .001; respectively). @entity5 with @entity5962 loss were significantly larger (>or=15 mm) than @entity5 with normal @entity5962 expression (71 [54.2%] of 131 @entity5 vs 57 [39.3%] of 145; P = .01). Both groups had a similar distribution of grade, @entity5 type, nodal metastases, and vascular invasion. CONCLUSION: Invasive @entity5 with reduced @entity5962 expression detected at screening are more likely to appear as ill-defined masses and less likely to manifest noncomedo microcalcifications than are @entity5 with normal @entity5962 expression. @entity5 with reduced @entity5962 expression appear to have mammographic features that make them difficult to detect at small sizes.

title: Influence of XXXX expression on the mammographic appearance of @entity0 detected at screening.

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['E-cadherin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of @entity3658 ,2 in @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and the relationship between @entity3658 ,2 expression and clinicopathologic parameters and microvessel density (MVD) marked by CD105, and also evaluate the significance of co-expression of @entity877 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity5 angiogenesis. METHOD: The expression of @entity3658 ,2 and @entity7 in samples of @entity5 , para @entity5 and normal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemical method. RESULT: The expression of @entity3658 ,2 were identified in @entity957 , para @entity5 tissue and normal mucosa. The @entity7 expression was only existed in @entity957 . The expression of @entity3658 ,2 were significantly higher in @entity957 than in para @entity5 tissue (P < 0.05) and normal mucosa (P < 0.01). In the clinicopathologic parameters, only the expression of @entity877 was closely correlated with clinical stages and MVD (all P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the expression of @entity3658 ,2 and @entity5 differentiation degree (all P > 0.05). When the expression of @entity877 and @entity7 were both positive, the mean value of MVD was higher than others (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that overexpression of @entity3658 ,2 may play a very important role in the development of @entity957 and are closely correlated with angiogenesis. @entity877 promote angiogenesis when interacting with @entity7 .

title: [Expression of angiopoietin-1,2 and its relationship with angiogenesis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial cell growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['LSCC', 'laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']