abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a lifestyle-related illness with an increasing incidence in all developing countries in the last decade. Abdominoperineal resection (APR) offers a good oncologic clearance for @entity5 . The remaining controversies surrounding APR, as it is performed in a tertiary center in Nigeria, involve defining the role the operation plays in the management of existing rectal problems and determining what outcomes can be expected. The present study was aimed at examining the surgical outcomes of APR for @entity5 in a Nigerian tertiary institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-institution, retrospective, descriptive study analyzed APR rate, @entity1 sex and age, subsite involvement, the diagnostic process, follow-up, and survival patterns after treatment of @entity5 . The study was conducted at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between January 1989 and December 2007. RESULTS: During the 18-year period, 36 @entity1 underwent APR. This accounts for 24.0% of all @entity1 that had @entity5 . The age of the @entity1 ranged from 29 years to 74 years (median: 58.9 years). Most of the @entity1 were 60 years of age or older, and the majority were @entity1 (55.9%). The median duration of symptoms was 12 months, and all @entity1 sought medical care for bleeding per rectum. Close to 80% of @entity1 had advanced disease at presentation. Postoperatively, 17 @entity1 (50%) had at least one complication and one @entity1 (2.9%) died. Four (11.8%) @entity1 had recurrence of the @entity5 , and in every case, recurrence occurred within the first year after operation. Operative @entity190 (p = 0.006), degree of differentiation of the @entity5 (p = 0.011), distance from the anal verge (p = 0.033), and operative stage (p = 0.005) were found to significantly affect the outcome of treatment for the @entity1 who underwent APR. The operative stage similarly affected the survival of @entity1 (Mantel Cox = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the advanced disease of our @entity1 , the outcome of management appears to be comparable with results reported from other centers.

title: Surgical outcome of abdominoperineal resection for XXXX in a Nigerian tertiary institution.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'low rectal cancer', 'low rectal cancers', 'Rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['low rectal cancer']


abstract: Since its description by Fields and Song in 1989 (Nature 340, 245-246), the yeast two-hybrid system has been used extensively to study protein-protein interactions, becoming increasingly efficient with technological and methodological improvements. Here, we report the construction of a highly representative two-hybrid genomic library for the dimorphic @entity375 @entity10057 based on the system described by James et al. (1996. Genetics 144, 1425-1436). The endoplasmic reticulum protein Slslp was then used as a bait in a functional test of the library. Indeed, we previously showed that the @entity35034 gene product is involved in protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and interacts physically in a two-hybrid assay with @entity50409 , an essential luminal member of the HSP70 family (Boisram   et al., 1998. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 30 903-30 908). We developed a mating strategy similar to that used for the @entity375 FRYL library (Fromont-Racine et al., 1997. Nat. Genet. 16, 277-282). No other partner than @entity50409 was identified in this screen. As an interesting result, @entity50409 interacts with Slslp through its ATPase domain, supporting our hypothesis that Slslp is a cofactor of the chaperone protein, modulating its activity during the HSP70 cycle. Our results indicate that we have constructed a new and powerful tool for the study of @entity10057 , which we believe is a good alternative model to investigate such complex biological processes as secretion pathways.

title: A highly representative two-hybrid genomic library for the @entity375 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity10057 :: ('4952', 'Species') :: ['Yarrowia lipolytica']

answer: @entity10057 :: (4952,Species) :: ['Yarrowia lipolytica']


abstract: Since its description by Fields and Song in 1989 (Nature 340, 245-246), the yeast two-hybrid system has been used extensively to study protein-protein interactions, becoming increasingly efficient with technological and methodological improvements. Here, we report the construction of a highly representative two-hybrid genomic library for the dimorphic @entity375 @entity10057 based on the system described by James et al. (1996. Genetics 144, 1425-1436). The endoplasmic reticulum protein Slslp was then used as a bait in a functional test of the library. Indeed, we previously showed that the @entity35034 gene product is involved in protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and interacts physically in a two-hybrid assay with @entity50409 , an essential luminal member of the HSP70 family (Boisram   et al., 1998. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 30 903-30 908). We developed a mating strategy similar to that used for the @entity375 FRYL library (Fromont-Racine et al., 1997. Nat. Genet. 16, 277-282). No other partner than @entity50409 was identified in this screen. As an interesting result, @entity50409 interacts with Slslp through its ATPase domain, supporting our hypothesis that Slslp is a cofactor of the chaperone protein, modulating its activity during the HSP70 cycle. Our results indicate that we have constructed a new and powerful tool for the study of @entity10057 , which we believe is a good alternative model to investigate such complex biological processes as secretion pathways.

title: A highly representative two-hybrid genomic library for the XXXX @entity10057 .

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment-resistant @entity161 poses a major therapeutic challenge. This multicenter, double-blind, randomized study compared the efficacy and safety of @entity1770 and @entity21886 in treatment-resistant @entity1 with @entity161 . METHOD: @entity161 @entity1 (DSM-IV diagnosis) with a history of antipsychotic resistance underwent 4 to 6 weeks of open-label treatment with @entity1037 or @entity1090 to confirm treatment resistance. Only @entity1 who completed this open-label period and failed to respond (< 20% improvement in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] total score or a Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness score >or= 4) entered the 6-week, double-blind treatment phase. In all, 300 @entity1 with confirmed treatment resistance were randomly assigned to @entity1770 (15-30 mg/day) or @entity21886 (8-64 mg/day). The primary outcome measure was change in PANSS score from baseline. The study was conducted between August 30, 2000, and March 18, 2002. RESULTS: Both @entity1770 and @entity21886 treatment were associated with clinically relevant improvements in PANSS total scores from baseline. After 6 weeks, 27% of @entity1770 -treated @entity1 and 25% of @entity21886 -treated @entity1 were responders (>or= 30% decrease in PANSS total score or a Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement score of 1 or 2). @entity21886 -treated @entity1 had a higher incidence of extrapyramidal symptom-related adverse events, mean increases (i.e., worsening) in extrapyramidal symptom rating scale scores, and a higher rate of elevated prolactin levels than @entity1770 (57.7% vs. 4.4%, p < .001). Improvements in quality of life considered to be clinically relevant (>or= 20% improvement in Quality of Life Scale score) occurred in 36% of the @entity1770 -treated @entity1 and in 21% of those treated with @entity21886 (p = .052). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1770 and @entity21886 , at the doses used here, can improve the symptoms of @entity161 in treatment-resistant @entity1 who have failed to respond to @entity1037 or @entity1090 .

title: @entity1770 for treatment-resistant XXXX : results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparison study versus @entity21886 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity21886 :: ('MESH:D010546', 'Chemical') :: ['perphenazine', 'Perphenazine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole', 'Aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment-resistant @entity161 poses a major therapeutic challenge. This multicenter, double-blind, randomized study compared the efficacy and safety of @entity1770 and @entity21886 in treatment-resistant @entity1 with @entity161 . METHOD: @entity161 @entity1 (DSM-IV diagnosis) with a history of antipsychotic resistance underwent 4 to 6 weeks of open-label treatment with @entity1037 or @entity1090 to confirm treatment resistance. Only @entity1 who completed this open-label period and failed to respond (< 20% improvement in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] total score or a Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness score >or= 4) entered the 6-week, double-blind treatment phase. In all, 300 @entity1 with confirmed treatment resistance were randomly assigned to @entity1770 (15-30 mg/day) or @entity21886 (8-64 mg/day). The primary outcome measure was change in PANSS score from baseline. The study was conducted between August 30, 2000, and March 18, 2002. RESULTS: Both @entity1770 and @entity21886 treatment were associated with clinically relevant improvements in PANSS total scores from baseline. After 6 weeks, 27% of @entity1770 -treated @entity1 and 25% of @entity21886 -treated @entity1 were responders (>or= 30% decrease in PANSS total score or a Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement score of 1 or 2). @entity21886 -treated @entity1 had a higher incidence of extrapyramidal symptom-related adverse events, mean increases (i.e., worsening) in extrapyramidal symptom rating scale scores, and a higher rate of elevated prolactin levels than @entity1770 (57.7% vs. 4.4%, p < .001). Improvements in quality of life considered to be clinically relevant (>or= 20% improvement in Quality of Life Scale score) occurred in 36% of the @entity1770 -treated @entity1 and in 21% of those treated with @entity21886 (p = .052). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1770 and @entity21886 , at the doses used here, can improve the symptoms of @entity161 in treatment-resistant @entity1 who have failed to respond to @entity1037 or @entity1090 .

title: @entity1770 for treatment-resistant @entity161 : results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparison study versus XXXX .

answer: @entity21886 :: (MESH:D010546,Chemical) :: ['perphenazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment-resistant @entity161 poses a major therapeutic challenge. This multicenter, double-blind, randomized study compared the efficacy and safety of @entity1770 and @entity21886 in treatment-resistant @entity1 with @entity161 . METHOD: @entity161 @entity1 (DSM-IV diagnosis) with a history of antipsychotic resistance underwent 4 to 6 weeks of open-label treatment with @entity1037 or @entity1090 to confirm treatment resistance. Only @entity1 who completed this open-label period and failed to respond (< 20% improvement in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] total score or a Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness score >or= 4) entered the 6-week, double-blind treatment phase. In all, 300 @entity1 with confirmed treatment resistance were randomly assigned to @entity1770 (15-30 mg/day) or @entity21886 (8-64 mg/day). The primary outcome measure was change in PANSS score from baseline. The study was conducted between August 30, 2000, and March 18, 2002. RESULTS: Both @entity1770 and @entity21886 treatment were associated with clinically relevant improvements in PANSS total scores from baseline. After 6 weeks, 27% of @entity1770 -treated @entity1 and 25% of @entity21886 -treated @entity1 were responders (>or= 30% decrease in PANSS total score or a Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement score of 1 or 2). @entity21886 -treated @entity1 had a higher incidence of extrapyramidal symptom-related adverse events, mean increases (i.e., worsening) in extrapyramidal symptom rating scale scores, and a higher rate of elevated prolactin levels than @entity1770 (57.7% vs. 4.4%, p < .001). Improvements in quality of life considered to be clinically relevant (>or= 20% improvement in Quality of Life Scale score) occurred in 36% of the @entity1770 -treated @entity1 and in 21% of those treated with @entity21886 (p = .052). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1770 and @entity21886 , at the doses used here, can improve the symptoms of @entity161 in treatment-resistant @entity1 who have failed to respond to @entity1037 or @entity1090 .

title: XXXX for treatment-resistant @entity161 : results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparison study versus @entity21886 .

answer: @entity1770 :: (MESH:C094645,Chemical) :: ['Aripiprazole']


abstract: Massage has been proposed as a way of facilitating development and growth of newborns through its effects on increasing blood flow, heart rate, digestion, and immunity. Massage might increase basal metabolism and nutrient absorption through endocrine effects such as increase in @entity2690 and adrenaline and decrease in @entity701 . Preliminary studies have suggested significant impact on @entity1017 with shortening of in-hospital stays of up to 6 days. We compared @entity1017 among preterm @entity1 receiving Vimala massage plus usual care versus usual care alone. A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Sixty clinically stable preterm newborns with a corrected gestational age of 30 to 35 weeks receiving enteral nutrition in the hospital nursery were included. Half of them were assigned at random to receive Vimala massage twice daily for 10 days plus usual nursery care; the others received usual nursery care. Weight, head circumference, caloric intake, and nutritional method were recorded daily. Group characteristics were compared with analysis of variance, T test, and chi (2) test as appropriate. There were no differences between groups in gender, gestational age, initial weight, head circumference, and caloric intake and type of nutrition at baseline. @entity1 receiving massage had a larger @entity1017 versus the control group since the third day (188.2 +/- 41.20 g/kg versus 146.7 +/- 56.43 g/kg, P < 0.001). Hospital stay was shorter in @entity1 receiving massage and usual nursery care (15.63 +/- 5.41 days versus 19.33 +/- 7.92 days, P = 0.03). The addition of parent-administered Vimala massage to usual nursery care resulted in increased @entity1017 and shorter hospital stay among clinically stable preterm newborns.

title: Weight gain in preterm XXXX following parent-administered Vimala massage: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Conservative treatment in severe @entity1468 has been documented by several authors citing significant improvement in neonatal outcome lacking a significant increase in maternal complications. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to inform of our preliminary results using protocolized conservative management in @entity1 with @entity1468 , favoring better neonate conditions. MATERIAL AND @entity1 : We included 34 @entity1 with average age of 28.2 years with documented severe @entity1468 complicating a 36-weeks or less pregnancy, admitted in the obstetric intensive care unit (OICU) between October 2001 and February 2002. @entity1 received protocolized management consisting of intravascular colume expansion, anti- @entity101 control, target organ protection, monitoring, and clinical observation. We considered conservative management as a 24 or more period offered to @entity1 with satisfactory response to medical treatment and no evidence of binomial compromise. RESULTS: Of our group, 85% corresponded to severe @entity1468 , 9% to @entity3036 , 3% to imminence of @entity3036 , and 3% to @entity2102 . Average stay in OICU was 5.5 days with 3.5 days average management before pregnancy was interrupted. These @entity1 presented mean gestational age of 32.8 weeks during which we observed @entity417 , low platelets, D dimmer increments, MAP average of 112.8, PCOc 18.6, and BI 0.15. We obtained 36 live newborns of whom 12% four died, two were extremely immatures (510 g and 600 g, respectively); one 980-g newborn presented @entity548 , and a 1,450-g newborn had @entity881 . Conservative treatment in @entity1 with severe @entity1468 is a feasible alternative in hospitals with an ICU. Conservative management can improve neonatal survival and prognosis in preterm newborns.

title: [Perinatal result with conservative treatment in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia-eclampsia', 'preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia-eclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of smoking behavior on the periodontal health condition was clinically and radiographically studied in 257 dentally aware adults in the age range 20-69 years, including 50 current smokers, 61 former smokers and 133 non-smokers. AIMS: The clinical variables to be investigated were frequency of diseased sites > or =4 mm, frequency of @entity548 sites and plaque index. In addition, the periodontal bone height was radiographically assessed as a % of the @entity5251 . METHODS: All variables were based on full-mouth examinations including all teeth and periodontia. RESULTS: The observations indicated an inferior periodontal health condition associated with smoking. This was evidenced by a significantly greater frequency of diseased sites and a significantly greater reduction of periodontal bone height in current smokers as compared to non-smokers. The condition of former smokers was intermediate between current smokers and non-smokers, suggesting that former smokers who have quit smoking have a better periodontal health condition than current smokers, although worse than that of non-smokers. The finding that former smokers exhibited @entity66 than current smokers suggests that smoking cessation may be beneficial and mitigate the untoward effects inflicted by smoking, allowing a normalization towards non-smoker conditions. Heavy exposure was consistently associated with more severe a condition than light exposure, suggesting that the relationship between smoking exposure and periodontal morbidity is dose-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, the present observations identify a negative impact from smoking on periodontal health and provide further evidence that @entity286 smoking is an avoidable risk for @entity2520 .

title: Exposure to XXXX smoking and periodontal health.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['less disease']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['dental root length']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the r  le of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of @entity6409 ( @entity6409 ). METHODS: Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), monocytes (MNs) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were obtained from 2 cases of @entity6409 with typical features. The chemotaxis of PMNs and MNs were evaluated using a modified Boyden chamber. The adherence of PMNs was determined by adherence of PMNs to petri dishes. @entity687 ( @entity687 ) in GCF was detected by sandwich ELISA. Elastase activity in GCF was measured with a low molecular weight substrate ( @entity73088 ) specific for granulocyte elastase. RESULTS: PMNs from both @entity1 showed depressed chemotactic response to @entity5038 and @entity687 . Total amounts of @entity687 in GCF from the 2 @entity1 were much higher than those of the normal controls. Elastase activity was not significantly different from that of the controls. The adherence of PMN and the chemotaxis of MN in the 2 @entity1 were normal. CONCLUSION: The depressed chemotactic response of PMN leads to decreased recruitment of PMN and/or release of lysozyme from PMN in the diseased gingival tissue, increasing the susceptibility of @entity6409 @entity1 to periodontal @entity281 .

title: Leukocyte functions in 2 cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6409 :: ('MESH:D010214', 'Disease') :: ['PLS', 'Papillon-Lefevre syndrome']

answer: @entity6409 :: (MESH:D010214,Disease) :: ['Papillon-Lef  vre syndrome']


abstract: Seven cases of @entity12040 were surgically treated with good results: @entity1028 , @entity1498 , @entity337 2, @entity2792 2. Several attentions were paid as following: 1. Operation should be avoided during acute phase of @entity3665 . 2. Synthetic graft material should be avoided if possible. Autogenous vein is advisable for reconstruction of small-sized artery. 3. Surgical intervention should be performed before the loss of organ function. 4. Hematological consideration is worthwhile to prevent hypercoagulopathy due to @entity3665 .

title: XXXX due to @entity12040 . A guideline for the surgical indication.

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['aortitis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['atypical coarctation of aorta 2']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysm 1']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Aortitis syndrome']


abstract: Seven cases of @entity12040 were surgically treated with good results: @entity1028 , @entity1498 , @entity337 2, @entity2792 2. Several attentions were paid as following: 1. Operation should be avoided during acute phase of @entity3665 . 2. Synthetic graft material should be avoided if possible. Autogenous vein is advisable for reconstruction of small-sized artery. 3. Surgical intervention should be performed before the loss of organ function. 4. Hematological consideration is worthwhile to prevent hypercoagulopathy due to @entity3665 .

title: @entity12040 due to XXXX . A guideline for the surgical indication.

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu's disease']


abstract: The effect of total radiation dose (TRD) on the outcome of @entity1 with postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for @entity957 of @entity418 was assessed. Sixty-seven @entity1 with esophagectomy, followed by @entity86 for @entity957 of @entity418 from June 1984 through February 2001, were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 13 @entity1 were excluded. No @entity1 had chemotherapy. @entity1 were classified into two groups based on TRD delivered: TRD of less than 50 Gy (Group A, n = 16) and at least 50 Gy (Group B, n = 38). Follow-up duration of all @entity1 ranged from 4 to 140 months (median, 14). Median TRD of Group A and B were 45 Gy (range, 45-48.6) and 54 Gy (range, 50-59.6), respectively. Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) of all @entity1 were 15 and 10 months, respectively. Although the TRD of 50 Gy or higher was marginally significant for improved @entity1349 (hazard ration [HR] 0.559, P = 0.066), it was statistically significant for improved DFS (HR 0.398, P = 0.011), and locoregional recurrence-free survival (HR 0.165, P = 0.001) with multivariate analysis. Three @entity1 in group A and two in group B experienced a complication of grade 3 or higher. Our study suggests a positive impact of TRD of 50 Gy or higher on DFS and locoregional control, with acceptable morbidity in @entity86 for @entity1 with @entity957 of @entity418 . According to the present analysis, TRD should be at least 50 Gy in @entity86 alone setting.

title: Positive impact of radiation dose on disease free survival and locoregional control in postoperative radiotherapy for XXXX of @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative RT']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophagus']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The effect of total radiation dose (TRD) on the outcome of @entity1 with postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for @entity957 of @entity418 was assessed. Sixty-seven @entity1 with esophagectomy, followed by @entity86 for @entity957 of @entity418 from June 1984 through February 2001, were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 13 @entity1 were excluded. No @entity1 had chemotherapy. @entity1 were classified into two groups based on TRD delivered: TRD of less than 50 Gy (Group A, n = 16) and at least 50 Gy (Group B, n = 38). Follow-up duration of all @entity1 ranged from 4 to 140 months (median, 14). Median TRD of Group A and B were 45 Gy (range, 45-48.6) and 54 Gy (range, 50-59.6), respectively. Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) of all @entity1 were 15 and 10 months, respectively. Although the TRD of 50 Gy or higher was marginally significant for improved @entity1349 (hazard ration [HR] 0.559, P = 0.066), it was statistically significant for improved DFS (HR 0.398, P = 0.011), and locoregional recurrence-free survival (HR 0.165, P = 0.001) with multivariate analysis. Three @entity1 in group A and two in group B experienced a complication of grade 3 or higher. Our study suggests a positive impact of TRD of 50 Gy or higher on DFS and locoregional control, with acceptable morbidity in @entity86 for @entity1 with @entity957 of @entity418 . According to the present analysis, TRD should be at least 50 Gy in @entity86 alone setting.

title: Positive impact of radiation dose on disease free survival and locoregional control in postoperative radiotherapy for @entity957 of XXXX .

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophagus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Infliximab was launched for the treatment of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) in 1999. We set up a follow-up protocol to meticulously study disease development with repeated infusions of infliximab. AIM: To follow the effects of infliximab treatment on disease activity, blood chemistry, quality of life, plasma @entity3542 , and titers of @entity375 cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA). METHODS: During 1999-2008, @entity30 @entity1 were monitored for disease activity by Harvey-Bradshaw index, blood chemistry with hemoglobin, albumin, @entity1851 , platelet count, leukocyte count and @entity1011 , quality of life by the Short Health Scale, and plasma @entity3542 . During the first year of treatment, follow-up was done repeatedly before and 1 week after each infusion and thereafter every year before the last infusion for 5 years. ASCA was analyzed by flow cytometry with @entity2822 -labelled antibodies. RESULTS: A total of 1061 infusions were given to 103 @entity1 ; 92 responders and 11 nonresponders. Responders were further monitored and Harvey-Bradshaw index decreased with infusions during the first year of treatment (P < 0.0001), whereas hemoglobin (P < 0.01) and albumin (P <0.001) increased, @entity1851 (P < 0.01) decreased, platelets (P <0.001) increased, and leukocytes (P< 0.01) decreased. @entity1011 was not affected. Short Health Scale (questions analyzed separately) decreased (P < 0.0001), and @entity3542 (P < 0.001) increased. During the next 4 years the improved values remained stable. Adverse effects were noted among 32% of the @entity1 ; local circulatory reactions being most common. No correlation between ASCA titers and inflammatory activity or infliximab treatment was found. CONCLUSION: Infliximab treatment is highly effective in responders and maintains symptomatic improvement and low inflammatory activity over years in @entity30 @entity1 .

title: Infliximab in clinical routine: experience with XXXX and biomarkers of inflammation over 5 years.

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The role of EEG and evoked potentials has not been evaluated in predicting the prognosis of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) @entity693 . The present study was aimed at evaluating the prognostic significance of clinical, radiological, and neurophysiological variables using multi-variable analysis. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1906 diagnosed on the basis of clinical, radiological, and CSF criteria have been prospectively evaluated. All the @entity1 were subjected to a detailed neurological evaluation. The outcome was defined 6 months after starting treatment on the basis of the Barthel index (BI) score into poor (BI <12) and good recovery (BI> or =12). @entity204 was included in the poor recovery group for statistical analysis. Thirteen clinical (age, sex, @entity410 , @entity425 , @entity3554 , @entity772 scale score, @entity1667 therapy), CT ( @entity1188 , @entity1276 , @entity6551 ) and neurophysiological (EEG, motor and somatosensory evoked potentials) variables were evaluated employing single variable logistic regression followed by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The best set of predictors were obtained by stepdown logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Fifty four @entity1 were included in the present study. Their age ranged between 5 and 62 years, 11 were @entity1 younger than 12 years and 14 were female. Nine @entity1 were in stage I @entity693 , 12 in stage II, and 33 in stage III. On single variable logistic regression analysis the significant predictors of 6 months outcome of @entity1906 included @entity425 , @entity772 scale (GCS), motor evoked potential (MEP) and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). On multivariable analysis the best set of predictors comprised @entity425 , GCS, and SEP. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1906 @entity425 , GCS, and SEP are the best predictors of 6 month outcome.

title: Role of clinical, radiological, and neurophysiological changes in predicting the outcome of XXXX : a multivariable analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['focal weakness']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow coma']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['TB meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['stage of meningitis']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['tuberculous meningitis']


abstract: Since a report in 1996 of 10 cases of @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) with onset in a younger than usual age, a pattern of the disease has emerged. This includes early @entity146 and sensory symptoms and neurological signs such as ataxia and @entity2358 later in the course of the disease. Three @entity1 with varied clinical presentations and disease course seen at a single neurology unit are described. The first @entity1 was characterised by cognitive and @entity146 symptoms together with neurological signs. The second @entity1 presented with unusual behavioural disturbance and episodes of collapse. The third @entity1 exhibited striking @entity1155 and had abnormal CSF and MRI findings. All @entity1 succumbed in a state of @entity2845 mutism and @entity2045 . All three @entity1 had the @entity1853 / @entity1853 genotype at codon 129 of the @entity3669 gene and in two of the three @entity1 a tonsil biopsy was performed with positive results. These two @entity1 also tested positive for the 14.3.3. protein in the CSF. Whereas late features of the disease seem very similar in all cases, the initial presentation was variable and underlines the uncertainty of the range of the clinical phenotype. Successful diagnosis demands a high index of clinical suspicion.

title: New variant XXXX : three case reports from Leicestershire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'neuropsychiatric features']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

answer: @entity3605 :: (MESH:D007562,Disease) :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']


abstract: Biliary leaks and injuries are not an uncommon occurrence following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. @entity1157 associated with the biliary anatomic variant of a low-inserting right segmental hepatic duct can be particularly difficult to diagnose in that results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) are usually interpreted as "normal" with no leaks demonstrated. The aim of this study was to describe a single institution's experience with nine @entity1 with biliary leaks associated with this anatomic variant and to discuss their management. A retrospective analysis of the hospital records of all @entity1 with @entity1157 managed at a single institution between 1980 and July 1998, inclusive, was performed. Nine @entity1 were identified as having an isolated @entity99 associated with a biliary leak. Seven (78%) of the nine @entity1 had undergone a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, whereas the remaining two @entity1 (22%) had undergone an open cholecystectomy. All of the @entity1 had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiography at outside institutions, the results of which had been interpreted as normal with no apparent leaks. The median interval from the time of cholecystectomy to referral was 1.4 months. All @entity1 were managed with initial percutaneous access of the involved @entity253 , with placement of a percutaneous transhepatic stent. After the biliary leak was controlled, all @entity1 underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy to the isolated biliary segment. All @entity1 had an uncomplicated postoperative course. There were no postoperative @entity834 . Postoperative stenting was maintained for a mean of 8 months. Six (67%) of the nine @entity1 had a long-term successful outcome with minimal or no symptoms. In three @entity1 , recurrent symptoms with @entity158 and/or @entity255 developed at a mean of 34 months. All three @entity1 underwent percutaneous cholangiography, which demonstrated an anastomotic stricture, and all were managed with percutaneous @entity384 with a successful outcome. Currently eight (89%) of the nine @entity1 are asymptomatic, with a mean follow-up of 70.4 months (range 12 to 226 months). One @entity1 had intermittent right upper @entity158 with normal liver function tests but has not required intervention. Isolated @entity99 with biliary leakage is an uncommon complication following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A diagnostic dilemma is created by the presence of a @entity1157 with a normal endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram. Management begins with percutaneous access of the transected isolated ductal system followed by reconstruction as a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.

title: Isolated XXXX : a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile leak', 'bile duct injuries', 'Bile leaks']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['right segmental biliary system']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['right segmental hepatic ductal injury', 'right segmental hepatic duct injury']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['right segmental hepatic duct injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors attempt to determine whether typical clinical and laboratory manifestations of @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) are in accordance to what has been traditionally described and how useful the Jones criteria are for diagnosis. METHODS: Data from 81 cases of @entity4789 were retrospectively collected. INCLUSION CRITERIA: 5 to 15 years of age and diagnosis of @entity4789 confirmed by 2 or more rheumatologists, sustained for at least 6 months and two or more visits. RESULTS: @entity1 had more @entity4790 (23/50.0% vs. 5/14.3%)(p< 0.0001). Cardiovascular (65/80.2%) and joint involvements (63 / 77.8%) were the most frequent manifestations. Fever was noted in roughly half of the @entity1 . @entity625 was more frequent than @entity4841 (47/58.0% vs. 16/19.8%, respectively) (p< 0.0001); however, no specific @entity2720 was found to be more prevalent. @entity339 was the most frequently detected echocardiographic sign (53 / 93.0%) and its association with @entity337 was noted in 27 / 47.4% @entity1 . Only 24 / 29.6% @entity1 fulfilled Jones criteria for @entity4789 requiring an evidence of previous group-A @entity883 (GASI). When compulsory GASI was disregarded, this number rose to 71/87.7% @entity1 (p< 0.0001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 were more affected by @entity4790 ; heart valves and joints were equally affected and represented the major clinical features; no specific @entity2720 (eg.: @entity625 ) could be labeled as typical; and strict adherence to Jones criteria, with compulsory documentation of a previous GASI, may lead to underdiagnosis of @entity4789 .

title: Jones criteria and underdiagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['migratory arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['pattern of joint involvement']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['rheumatic fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and immunologic outcome of cryopreserved arterial allograft ( @entity3386 ) revascularization of intrathoracic vessels invaded by @entity5 . METHODS: Since January 2002, consecutive @entity1 whose intrathoracic vessels were invaded by @entity5 were operated on and revascularizion made using human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)- and ABO-mismatched CAAs. Immunologic studies were performed preoperatively, and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Postoperative oral anticoagulation therapy was not given. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 aged 53.1 +/- 15 years with @entity1149 (n = 10), invasive @entity5 (n = 7), pulmonary @entity242 (n = 3), laryngeal (n = 2), or other @entity2 (n = 4) underwent operation. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in 10 cases (38%), and all resections were pathologically complete. Revascularization was either for venous (n = 12) or arterial (n = 14) vessels, and a total of 30 allografts revascularized the superior vena cava (n = 6), pulmonary artery (n = 7), innominate vein (n = 3) or artery (n = 2), ascendent (n = 4) or descending (n = 1) aorta, and subclavian vein (n = 3) or artery (n = 4). Hospital morbidity and mortality were 50% (n = 13) and 3.8% (n = 1), respectively, all @entity3386 unrelated. With a median follow-up of 18 months (range, 3 to 60+), 5-year survival and allograft patency were 84% and 95%, respectively. Preoperative anti-HLA antibodies were detected in 2 @entity1 (7.7%) and a postoperative anti-HLA antibody response, clinically irrelevant, in 1 of 24 @entity1 (4%). CONCLUSIONS: Revascularization of intrathoracic venous and arterial vessels in @entity1 with @entity5 using HLA- and ABO-mismatched @entity3386 is technically feasible and clinically attractive because of no infection risk and postoperative anticoagulation, and excellent long-term survival, patency, and nonimmunogeneicity.

title: Cryopreserved arterial allograft reconstruction after excision of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['artery sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['a nonsmall-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['rare lung neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['thoracic malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7196 is a rare stenotic lesion of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). We characterized the natural history of the disease and the effect of surgical intervention. METHODS: Ninety-five @entity1 diagnosed with @entity7196 between 1976 and 2006 were studied. Procedural and repeated echocardiography reports were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity850 morphology (localized, 82%; diffuse, 18%) was independent of @entity3297 (n = 59, 62%). The risk of open operation (n = 47) was 46% +/- 6% at 10 years. Increased risk of operation was associated with higher baseline LVOT peak gradients (p < 0.001), smaller minimum LVOT z scores (p < 0.01; thresholds > 50 mm Hg and < -3, respectively), and the absence of @entity3297 (p = 0.01). @entity1 who did not undergo operations had gradually reducing LVOT gradients and enlarging ascending aorta z scores over time. Persistently small minimum LVOT z scores and higher gradients were associated with @entity1 who required an operation. Operation resulted in persistent relief of @entity3585 and accelerated increases in ascending aorta dimensions. Overall survival was 94% +/- 3% and 85% +/- 7% at 10 and 15 years and was similar for surgical and nonsurgical groups. No independent risk factors for @entity204 were identified on univariate or multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 -particularly those with @entity3297 -show regression of @entity850 without intervention. @entity1 who undergo operation have high LVOT gradients and smaller LVOT z scores that do not improve over time. Surgical intervention alters the natural history: @entity3585 is relieved and does not recur, and ascending aortic dimensions progressively enlarge towards normal values.

title: XXXX : defining surgical and nonsurgical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['LVOT obstruction']

entities_list: @entity7196 :: ('MESH:D021921', 'Disease') :: ['Supravalvular aortic stenosis', 'supravalvular aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3297 :: ('MESH:D018980', 'Disease') :: ['Williams syndrome']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity7196 :: (MESH:D021921,Disease) :: ['Congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of @entity215 with total @entity1700 (TAPVD) is rare. We report our experience with this condition and review the literature. METHODS: Between January 1997 and May 2008, 6 @entity1 (aged 3 months to 5 years; median weight, 10 kg) with combined @entity215 with TAPVD underwent complete primary repair at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Their records were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A correct preoperative diagnosis was available in 5 @entity1 by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Four @entity1 had supracardiac TAPVD, and 1 each had TAPVD to the coronary sinus and right atrium. There were no early or late deaths. Median follow-up was 37.5 months +/- 46.8 months (range, 2 to 112). All @entity1 are in New York Heart Association class I. Follow-up echocardiograms have revealed no significant abnormalities and have documented normal biventricular function and pulmonary artery pressures. One @entity1 underwent a 24-hour Holter examination at 68 months of follow-up for investigation of a new-onset 2:1 @entity713 , for which a permanent pacemaker implantation is planned. CONCLUSIONS: When diagnosed accurately, complete primary repair is possible in @entity1 with @entity215 and TAPVD and the outcomes are satisfactory with planned surgery.

title: Tetralogy of Fallot with total XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous drainage']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous drainage']


abstract: Thirty three consecutive @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity884 were studied by both precordial cross sectional echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography. The diagnostic value of both techniques was assessed. The data were compared with findings at operation in 25 @entity1 . In 21 @entity1 with @entity340 precordial echocardiography showed evidence of @entity47 in six @entity1 and suggested their presence in nine. Transoesophageal echocardiography identified @entity47 in 18 @entity1 . Complications were seen in four @entity1 at precordial echocardiography and in nine @entity1 at transoesophageal echocardiography. Precordial echocardiography did not show @entity47 in any of the 12 @entity1 with @entity340 whereas transoesophageal echocardiography showed @entity47 in four. Complications were seen in four @entity1 at precordial echocardiography and in 10 at transoesophageal echocardiography. Echocardiographic findings were confirmed at operation in all 25 operated @entity1 . In two @entity1 both echocardiographic techniques had missed the perforation of the cusps of the aortic valve that was seen at operation, but this had no effect on @entity1 management. Transoesophageal echocardiography is the best diagnostic approach when @entity884 is suspected in @entity1 with either native or prosthetic valves.

title: Enhanced morphological diagnosis in XXXX by transoesophageal echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis', 'native valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetations']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several histopathologic variants of cutaneous @entity2909 have been recognized. In our consultation dermatopathology practice, we encountered a variant of @entity11708 which, to our knowledge, has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: We report 3 cases of @entity11003 , all of them manifesting prominent intratumoral @entity730 dominating over the residuum of the @entity5 and occurring on the acral sites. METHODS: We conducted a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study, which is complemented by a literature review. RESULTS: All 3 @entity1 were @entity1 ranging in age from 57 to 72 years. Each presented clinically with a slowly growing, firm mass. The lesion was painful in two cases. None of the @entity1 had @entity8 . Microscopically, the lesions were a well-circumscribed, @entity5 composed of mature smooth muscle cells and vascular pattern, which was inconspicuous, but focally dilated blood vessels were present. In all cases, prominent @entity730 were present. Immunohistochemically the spindle cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. LIMITATIONS: This study utilizes tissue specimens that all came as consultations; therefore, some inherent selection bias exists. CONCLUSION: Acral calcified @entity11003 is a rare clinicopathological variant of @entity2909 which has predilection for acral sites and shows massive @entity730 prevailing over the @entity5 itself.

title: Acral calcified @entity11003 of the skin: a rare clinicopathological variant of cutaneous XXXX : report of 3 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease or endocrine abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity11003 :: ('MESH:D018229', 'Disease') :: ['vascular leiomyomas', 'vascular leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-encapsulated neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11708 :: ('OMIM:150800', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity11003 :: (MESH:D018229,Disease) :: ['vascular leiomyomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several histopathologic variants of cutaneous @entity2909 have been recognized. In our consultation dermatopathology practice, we encountered a variant of @entity11708 which, to our knowledge, has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: We report 3 cases of @entity11003 , all of them manifesting prominent intratumoral @entity730 dominating over the residuum of the @entity5 and occurring on the acral sites. METHODS: We conducted a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study, which is complemented by a literature review. RESULTS: All 3 @entity1 were @entity1 ranging in age from 57 to 72 years. Each presented clinically with a slowly growing, firm mass. The lesion was painful in two cases. None of the @entity1 had @entity8 . Microscopically, the lesions were a well-circumscribed, @entity5 composed of mature smooth muscle cells and vascular pattern, which was inconspicuous, but focally dilated blood vessels were present. In all cases, prominent @entity730 were present. Immunohistochemically the spindle cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. LIMITATIONS: This study utilizes tissue specimens that all came as consultations; therefore, some inherent selection bias exists. CONCLUSION: Acral calcified @entity11003 is a rare clinicopathological variant of @entity2909 which has predilection for acral sites and shows massive @entity730 prevailing over the @entity5 itself.

title: Acral calcified XXXX of the skin: a rare clinicopathological variant of cutaneous @entity11003 : report of 3 cases.

answer: @entity11003 :: (MESH:D018229,Disease) :: ['vascular leiomyoma']


abstract: Measurement of specific cellular immune responses in @entity1 undergoing immunotherapy is difficult. Established approaches, including @entity137 (e.g., 51Cr release) and cytokine release assays, require in vitro culturing for several weeks or more of @entity1 ' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the addition of exogenous cytokines. Therefore, the immunological response does not reflect in vivo conditions. To address these disadvantages, we have used an @entity379 ( @entity379 ) Elispot assay for detecting peptide-specific @entity405 (+) lymphocytes in PBMC. A limitation of this assay is the lack of a reproducible source of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Currently available @entity1358 often lead to significant background levels. It has been shown that transfected insect cells can express empty MHC class I molecules on their surface. We have transfected @entity238 S2 cells and the Lepidopteran line Sf9 with the gene encoding @entity1 HLA-A2.1. We demonstrate that insect cells expressing a @entity1 HLA molecule effectively function as @entity1358 in the @entity379 Elispot assay. Initially the feasibility of the assay was assessed using @entity405 (+) T cells from HLA-A2.1(+) donors with known reactivity against an HLA-A2.1-binding epitope of the influenza matrix protein. Use of insect cells as @entity1358 abrogated background spots, increasing sensitivity. We further observed that a short-term prestimulation of PBMC with peptide-pulsed insect cells markedly enhanced the frequency of peptide-specific T cells that could be measured in the Elispot assay without increasing the background. This approach was then used to measure @entity405 (+) T cell reactivity to a peptide from tyrosinase, an antigen that is processed and presented by @entity320 cells. Insect cells expressing @entity1 HLA molecules provide a standard APC for monitoring @entity405 (+) T cell responses to @entity5 and viral peptides during immunotherapy.

title: Insect cells as HLA-restricted XXXX for the @entity379 elispot assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['antigen-presenting cells', 'APCs']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['antigen-presenting cells']


abstract: Measurement of specific cellular immune responses in @entity1 undergoing immunotherapy is difficult. Established approaches, including @entity137 (e.g., 51Cr release) and cytokine release assays, require in vitro culturing for several weeks or more of @entity1 ' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the addition of exogenous cytokines. Therefore, the immunological response does not reflect in vivo conditions. To address these disadvantages, we have used an @entity379 ( @entity379 ) Elispot assay for detecting peptide-specific @entity405 (+) lymphocytes in PBMC. A limitation of this assay is the lack of a reproducible source of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Currently available @entity1358 often lead to significant background levels. It has been shown that transfected insect cells can express empty MHC class I molecules on their surface. We have transfected @entity238 S2 cells and the Lepidopteran line Sf9 with the gene encoding @entity1 HLA-A2.1. We demonstrate that insect cells expressing a @entity1 HLA molecule effectively function as @entity1358 in the @entity379 Elispot assay. Initially the feasibility of the assay was assessed using @entity405 (+) T cells from HLA-A2.1(+) donors with known reactivity against an HLA-A2.1-binding epitope of the influenza matrix protein. Use of insect cells as @entity1358 abrogated background spots, increasing sensitivity. We further observed that a short-term prestimulation of PBMC with peptide-pulsed insect cells markedly enhanced the frequency of peptide-specific T cells that could be measured in the Elispot assay without increasing the background. This approach was then used to measure @entity405 (+) T cell reactivity to a peptide from tyrosinase, an antigen that is processed and presented by @entity320 cells. Insect cells expressing @entity1 HLA molecules provide a standard APC for monitoring @entity405 (+) T cell responses to @entity5 and viral peptides during immunotherapy.

title: Insect cells as HLA-restricted @entity1358 for the XXXX elispot assay.

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['IFN-gamma']


abstract: @entity75 , a pathologist's naming for @entity75 formed in the peripheral air space, that is, in the bronchiole or its adjacent alveolar space, is very characteristic and pathognomonic for @entity378 on HRCT imaging. As a radiological term, it is equal to centrilobular nodule or branching shadow, or tree-in-bud appearance in the recent trend. It is universally seen in most of @entity378 cases, irrespective of its stage or extensity. Although thus common, its appearance is not always uniform. Firstly they are not well defined in some cases. Exudative tendency in pathological process may explain for this appearance. Secondarily they are not always arranged in an orderly manner or in other words centrilobular manner on CT, but often in a random fashion. Pathologically this phenomenon can be explained by the randomness of formation site of @entity738 or by scarring in spontaneous healing process of the disease. Finally, although rare, an extreme pattern, in which acinar lesions are diffusely disseminated in both lung fields without other type of lesions, is well known as Oka's Classification of @entity1907 . This rare type of @entity378 could be formed through indolent dissemination of bacilli via the airway or from the hematogenous dissemination. It should also be noted that in @entity55 , especially when it develops in @entity358 , acinar lesions is not seen, making differential diagnosis difficult.

title: [Various aspects of acinar lesions--the key finding of XXXX on HRCT].

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lesions', 'Acinar lesions']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['emphysematous lung']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary Tuberculosis Type IIB']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity358 is a @entity364 caused by the inhalation of @entity1327 , and may progress to disseminated disease, particularly in immunocompromised host such as @entity791 . We reported a retrospective review of the 8 @entity1 who had undergone surgical resection for @entity358 during recent 12 years. There were 5 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 with a mean age of 49 years. The number of lesions was solitary in 4 @entity1 and multiple in 4 @entity1 . All @entity1 had neither symptom from the lesion nor @entity1 @entity778 . The most common computed tomography finding was well-defined solid nodules (<2 cm) of the lung. The lesion size ranged from 0.8 to 2.0 cm with a mean of 1.3 cm. Pathologically, the resected specimen revealed @entity1327 fungal bodies in all cases. After surgery, 4 @entity1 were treated with systemic antifungal therapy ( @entity2380 ), and the others had no treatment. In all @entity1 , no sign of relapse was found during the postoperative follow-up period. Although the prognosis of present cases was excellent regardless of the treatment after the surgery, the recommendation for the treatment in @entity1 with @entity358 is oral or intravenous @entity2380 therapy because of the possible development of @entity262 .

title: [Clinicopathological characteristics of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency virus infection']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus', 'Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical systemic disseminated disease']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary cryptococcosis', 'Pulmonary cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary cryptococcosis']


abstract: Dermatoscopy increases the accuracy of diagnosis of @entity320 . An atypical vascular pattern may be an indicator of @entity320 ( @entity320 ). During dermatoscopy of certain CMMs numerous ruby droplets of blood appear when the dermatoscope is pressed firmly against the lesion. The aim of this paper was to examine the histopathological background for this observation. CMMs from 8 @entity1 showing the poppyfield sign, i.e. squirts of ruby blood droplets, were paired with 8 CMMs of equal Breslow thickness not showing this sign. The 16 CMMs were placed in an unsystematic sequence and presented to two dermato-pathologists who assessed the lesions independently for confirmation of Breslow thickness, Clark level, ulceration and presence of @entity5 vessels. There was no disagreement between the pathologists' assessments. Age of the @entity1 and Breslow thickness of the @entity320 were similar in the two groups. All 8 poppyfield CMMs had @entity5 vessels compared with 25% (2/8) of the non-poppyfield CMMs (p< 0.007). Histological ulceration was observed in all poppyfield CMMs and none of the non-poppyfield CMMs (p< 0.001). The poppyfield @entity548 sign is a dermatoscopic clue to @entity5 vessels. It may be a dermatoscopic reflection of increased vascular density described in primary CMMs compared with adjacent skin and may also reflect the presence of primitive vessels in CMMs displaying @entity2100 .

title: Poppyfield XXXX : a new dermatoscopic sign and its histopathological background.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['dilated tumour']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['increased fragility']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'CMM', 'cutaneous malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: The incidence of @entity189 after gastric operations for benign lesions was analysed in the @entity1 material of five gastroenterologists in private practice in Switzerland. Of 534 such @entity1 346 had had a gastric resection with gastrojejunostomy (Billroth II), 58 with gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I), and 130 other kinds of gastric operations. Among 326 @entity1 who had a Billroth II procedure there were 21 with proven @entity189 in the residual stomach, but none after Billroth I and other operations. The incidence after Billroth II was 15.1% at or after ten years. Of 69 @entity1 10-19 years after gastric resection, six had developed @entity189 , compared with 15 of 70 who were 20 years or more after the resection. The incidence is unexpectedly high. On the other hand, among 29361 non-operated @entity1 there were 279 with @entity189 . The average interval between operation and the diagnosis of @entity189 in the residual stomach was 23.8 years. It is recommended that gastric resection should if possible be avoided for benign disease. All @entity1 who have had a gastric resection should be endoscopically controlled annually from ten years after the resection onwards.

title: [ XXXX after gastric operations (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the stomach', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma']


abstract: To determine whether venting the left ventricle during coronary reperfusion limits @entity583 size, we studied paced (200 beats/min) Langendorff @entity95 hearts, perfused with blood from a support @entity95 . A left coronary artery was occluded for 60 minutes, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Four experimental conditions, as follows, were used: In group 1 (control), the hearts contracted isovolumetrically on a fluid-filled balloon in the left ventricle during both occlusion and reperfusion. In group 2, the balloon was present only during occlusion, and the heart was vented during reperfusion. Hearts in group 3 were vented during occlusion and developed pressure during reperfusion. In group 4, the left ventricle was vented during occlusion and reperfusion. Perfusion pressure (91.2 +/- 0.9 mm Hg) and coronary flow (0.88 +/- 0.03 ml/min/g) were not different between groups. @entity1002 (mean of all groups) were 87.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg systolic and 6.5 +/- 0.6 mm Hg diastolic. Infarcted @entity1562 was assessed by @entity5045 staining and expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, as measured by fluorescent particles. Venting during both @entity63 and reperfusion (n = 10) did result in significantly smaller @entity1188 than in the unvented controls (n = 10), that is, 13 +/- 5% vs. 41 +/- 6%, respectively. Venting only during reperfusion (n = 10) or occlusion (n = 11) did not significantly limit @entity1188 size (57 +/- 6% and 32 +/- 5%, respectively), as compared with controls. Thus, the clinically feasible intervention of left ventricular venting during reperfusion was not cardioprotective.

title: Left ventricular unloading during reperfusion does not limit XXXX size.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyl tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular pressures']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: The organization of the genome and the synthesis and processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HNRNA) in the cellular slime mold Dictysotelium discoideum have been analyzed. Approximately 60-70% of the genome of @entity4328 consists of interspersed reiterated and single-copy sequences. The interspersed reiterated sequences have an average length of 250-400 @entity2036 . Approximately 50% of the reiterated DNA sequences consist of long noninterspersed sequences. The results of analyses of ynRNA synthesis and processing have been incorporated into a model. According to the model the primary genetic transcript of @entity4328 is synthesized as a molecule that is 25% larger than mRNA. The bulk of the hnRNA is synthesized from a unit consisting of a short reiterated DNA sequence transcript at the 5' end of the molecule and a single-copy sequence of approximately 1,200 @entity2036 in length. In the processing of the mRNA precursor, there appears to be a loss of the majority of the repetitive sequence at the 5' end. The genome contains interspersed sequences of poly (dT)25. These sequences, which appear to be at the 3' terminus of the transcription unit, are transcribed directly into the heterogenous nuclear RNA and are contained within the messenger RNA. During the processing of the heterogeneous nuclear RNA, a poly (A) sequence of approximately 125 @entity2036 in length is added posttranscriptionally to the 3' end of the molecule.

title: Structural organization and processing of the genetic transcript in the cellular slime mold XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['Dictyostelium']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity4328 :: (44689,Species) :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is common in elderly @entity1 and is highly prevalent in Mexican Americans. Little is known about factors associated with the incidence of @entity2412 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the social, demographic and health factors associated with a 7-year incidence of @entity2412 among older Mexican Americans with @entity6 . METHODS: A 7-year prospective cohort of 536 non-institutionalized Mexican Americans aged > or =65 years with @entity6 residing in the Southwest of USA. Measures included socio-demographic factors, duration of @entity6 , @entity6 treatment, medical conditions and body mass index. @entity6 complications were assessed by self-reports of any kidney, eye and circulation problems or amputation due to @entity6 over a 7-year period. RESULTS: Subjects with disease duration of > or =10 years were found to have an increased incidence of kidney, eye and circulation problems or amputation over a 7-year period. Hazard ratio (HR) for circulation problems was significantly higher in foreign-born subjects with >15 years in the USA. Foreign-born subjects with <15 years in the USA and those with a frequent number of physician visits were at increased risk of @entity8 . @entity2194 had a higher HR for incidence of amputations in the next 7 years. Subjects with baseline circulation complications had a higher incidence of amputations, @entity8 in the next 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that risks of @entity2412 are influenced by different factors. Prolonged @entity6 duration, being foreign-born, living in the USA for a longer period, and frequent physician visits were factors associated with @entity2412 . Designing intervention strategies to reduce @entity2412 risks requires an understanding of the differences in demographic and health predictors of such risks.

title: Factors associated with seven-year incidence of XXXX among older Mexican Americans.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Subjects with baseline eye complications']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['eye and kidney complications', 'kidney complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes complication', 'diabetes complications']

answer: @entity2412 :: (MESH:D048909,Disease) :: ['diabetes complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Germ cell @entity5 are the @entity5 sensitive for adjuvant therapy such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We evaluated the pathological findings of these @entity5 to determine the persistence of residual viable @entity5 cells after adjuvant therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1988 and 2005, we treated 31 @entity1 with @entity3438 with @entity7468 ( @entity7468 ) and 15 @entity1 with non-germinomatous @entity2971 (NGMGCTs). All 46 @entity1 received a combination of chemo- and radiotherapy. A second-look operation was performed in 3 of 31 @entity1 with @entity3438 or @entity3438 with @entity7468 and 12 of 15 @entity1 with NGMGCTs. The follow-up period was 2-139 months (median 95) in @entity1 with @entity3438 or @entity3438 with @entity7468 (group 1) and 10-202 months (median 65) in NGMGCT @entity1 (group 2). RESULTS: Post-treatment, 3 group 1 and 12 group 2 @entity1 manifested @entity41 . The pathological diagnosis in group 1 @entity1 was @entity44 , @entity979 , and fibrous tissue with @entity730 ; in group 2 it was yolk @entity5 (n = 1), immature @entity44 (n = 3), @entity44 (n = 4), and @entity39 or fibrous tissue (n = 4). While no group 1 @entity1 manifested @entity5 cells, @entity1758 -positive viable @entity5 cells were present in resected tissues from one-third of the group 2 @entity1 (3 immature teratomas and 1 yolk @entity5 ). CONCLUSION: The absence of viable @entity5 cells in residual tissue indicates that the combination of @entity900 -based chemo- and radiotherapy was effective in our @entity3438 @entity1 . On the other hand, in @entity1 with NGMGCTs, these cells persisted despite this combination therapy.

title: Evaluation of residual tissues after adjuvant therapy in germ cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'sac tumor', 'heterogeneous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells', 'STGC']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['mature teratoma', 'teratoma']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineal cyst']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['germinoma', 'germinoma or germinoma', 'germinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the activity of @entity5379 and their latent pro-forms (proMMP-2, -9), and protein levels of @entity3334 and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1 in the subretinal fluid (SRF) and vitreous of @entity1 with @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ). Potential correlations with proliferative @entity1715 (PVR) grade were determined. METHODS: Thirty-seven SRF and 32 vitreous samples from @entity1713 @entity1 and nine vitreous samples from @entity1 organ donors (controls), were collected and assayed for @entity3334 / @entity2843 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for proMMP-2, -9, @entity1476 , -9 activity employing gelatine zymography. RESULTS: ProMMP-2, -9, @entity3334 , @entity2843 were significantly higher in the SRF and vitreous of @entity1713 @entity1 compared to the vitreous of organ donors. @entity5952 levels were higher in @entity1713 @entity1 ' SRF. Regarding PVR grade, MMPs and @entity2843 were differentially present in SRF and vitreous. PVR grade correlated significantly with the levels of @entity1476 in SRF, while proMMP-2, @entity3334 and @entity2843 levels correlated with PVR grade in the vitreous. CONCLUSION: MMP/ @entity2843 levels are elevated in SRF and vitreous during @entity1713 . Significant correlations between PVR grade and @entity1476 in SRF and proMMP-2, @entity3334 and @entity2843 levels in vitreous were revealed. Investigation of MMP activity in vitreous may provide more valid conclusions compared to SRF pertaining to the role of the MMPs during @entity1713 . The observations of the present study suggest a possible role for MMPs and @entity2843 in PVR pathophysiology.

title: Correlation of matrix metalloproteinase levels with the grade of proliferative XXXX in the subretinal fluid and vitreous during @entity1713 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5379 :: ('4313;4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['RRD', 'rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

answer: @entity1715 :: (MESH:D018630,Disease) :: ['vitreoretinopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the activity of @entity5379 and their latent pro-forms (proMMP-2, -9), and protein levels of @entity3334 and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1 in the subretinal fluid (SRF) and vitreous of @entity1 with @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ). Potential correlations with proliferative @entity1715 (PVR) grade were determined. METHODS: Thirty-seven SRF and 32 vitreous samples from @entity1713 @entity1 and nine vitreous samples from @entity1 organ donors (controls), were collected and assayed for @entity3334 / @entity2843 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for proMMP-2, -9, @entity1476 , -9 activity employing gelatine zymography. RESULTS: ProMMP-2, -9, @entity3334 , @entity2843 were significantly higher in the SRF and vitreous of @entity1713 @entity1 compared to the vitreous of organ donors. @entity5952 levels were higher in @entity1713 @entity1 ' SRF. Regarding PVR grade, MMPs and @entity2843 were differentially present in SRF and vitreous. PVR grade correlated significantly with the levels of @entity1476 in SRF, while proMMP-2, @entity3334 and @entity2843 levels correlated with PVR grade in the vitreous. CONCLUSION: MMP/ @entity2843 levels are elevated in SRF and vitreous during @entity1713 . Significant correlations between PVR grade and @entity1476 in SRF and proMMP-2, @entity3334 and @entity2843 levels in vitreous were revealed. Investigation of MMP activity in vitreous may provide more valid conclusions compared to SRF pertaining to the role of the MMPs during @entity1713 . The observations of the present study suggest a possible role for MMPs and @entity2843 in PVR pathophysiology.

title: Correlation of matrix metalloproteinase levels with the grade of proliferative @entity1715 in the subretinal fluid and vitreous during XXXX .

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the sensitivities of the faecal occult blood test, screening episode, and screening programme for @entity14 and the benefits of applying a randomised design at the implementation phase of a new public health policy. DESIGN: Experimental design incorporated in public health evaluation using randomisation at individual level in the target population. SETTING: 161 of the 431 Finnish municipalities in 2004-6. @entity1 : 106 000 adults randomised to screening or control arms. In total, 52 998 adults aged 60-64 in the screening arm received faecal occult blood test kits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Test, episode, and programme sensitivities estimated by the incidence method and corrected for selective attendance and overdiagnosis. RESULTS: The response for screening was high overall (70.8%), and significantly better in @entity1 (78.1%) than in @entity1 (63.3%). The incidence of @entity5 in the controls was somewhat higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 (103 v 93 per 100 000 @entity1 years), which was not true for @entity5 (42 v 49 per 100 000 @entity1 years). The sensitivity of the faecal occult blood test was 54.6%. Only a few @entity5 were detected among those with positive test results, hence the episode sensitivity of 51.3% was close to the test sensitivity. At the population level the sensitivity of the programme was 37.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Although relatively low, the sensitivity of screening for @entity14 with the faecal occult blood test in Finland was adequate. An experimental design is a prerequisite for evaluation of such a screening programme because the effectiveness of preventing @entity204 is likely to be small and results may otherwise remain inconclusive. Thus, screening for @entity14 using any primary test modality should be launched in a public health programme with randomisation of the target population at the implementation phase.

title: Test, episode, and programme sensitivities of screening for XXXX as a public health policy in Finland: experimental design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['interval cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: AIM: Insufficient control of cardiovascular risk factors is observed in primary care. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the association of @entity1144 with achievement of treatment targets for HbA(1c), LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , HDL @entity165 and blood pressure in primary care. METHODS: In this cross-sectional observational epidemiological study, primary-care practitioners completed a questionnaire covering demographic and socioeconomic data, medical history, drug treatment, and clinical and biological characteristics for 3351 @entity1 (1630 @entity1 and 1721 @entity1 ). Therapeutic targets were HbA(1c) <7%, LDL @entity165 <1.6g/L, @entity1674 <1.5 g/L and @entity13519 /DBP <140/90 mmHg. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess the relationship between waist circumference and a lack of cardiovascular risk-factor control. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' mean ages were 58+/-14 years and 55+/-16 years for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. A large waist circumference was positively and significantly (P<0.0001 for all) associated with @entity6 , hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL @entity165 and @entity101 . The prevalence of @entity1 not achieving therapeutic targets increased across waist-circumference quartiles. For treated @entity1 , the odds ratios (95% CI) (adjusted for age, gender, education, smoking status and medical specialty) for not achieving treatment targets were 17.6 (2.2-142) for @entity1674 , 2.8 (1.3-6.1) for HbA(1c) and 1.4 (0.9-2.0) for blood pressure on comparisons with extreme quartiles of waist-circumference distribution. CONCLUSION: In primary care, a lack of control of @entity1674 , HbA(1c) and, to a lesser extent, blood pressure increases with waist circumference independently of confounders. This suggests that @entity1144 is associated of poor results in the treatment of @entity6 and hypertriglyceridaemia.

title: XXXX is associated with ineffective control of cardiovascular risk factors in primary care in France.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['Abdominal obesity']


abstract: Elevated concentrations of @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) are associated with a @entity74 . Linearity, imprecision, interference, method comparison, and accuracy were evaluated on the ADVIA Centaur ( @entity5377 Healthcare Diagnostics, Deerfield, IL), ARCHITECT i2000SR (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL), AxSYM (Abbott Diagnostics), and IMMULITE 2000 ( @entity5377 Healthcare Diagnostics) methods and analyzers and the Catch (Equal Diagnostics, Exton, PA) and Diazyme (Diazyme Laboratories, San Diego, CA) methods, both on the Modular P analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN). All methods were linear with maximum deviations from target recoveries of less than 10%. Total coefficients of variation ranged from 1.7% to 9.4%. The effects of @entity2142 , @entity1087 , and @entity407 were assessed. Method comparisons were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography as the comparison method. Correlation coefficients were 0.95 to 0.99. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated percentage bias of -29.3% (IMMULITE) to 7.2% (Centaur). Accuracy using the National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1955 showed varying results with only 1 method within the certified range for all 3 levels. All methods demonstrated acceptable performance except the IMMULITE, which is less precise and accurate. Standardization of most methods seems acceptable, although continuing efforts are warranted.

title: Performance characteristics of six XXXX assays.

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['range of disorders']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: Common femoral artery volume flow was measured at rest and during postocclusive reactive hyperaemia in 80 normal subjects and 67 @entity1 with radiological evidence of occlusive @entity1095 . At rest, means(s.d.) common femoral artery volume flow in normal subjects (344(135) ml/min) and all @entity1 with @entity1095 (401(168) ml/min) was not significantly different. During postocclusive reactive hyperaemia, mean(s.d.) peak flow was significantly higher in normal subjects (1951(438) ml/min) than in @entity1 with @entity1095 (996(457) ml/min) (P less than 0.01). Common femoral artery volume flow in @entity1 with critical ischaemia and @entity613 did not differ at rest but mean(s.d.) peak flow in @entity1 with critical ischaemia (697(276) ml/min) was significantly lower than in claudicants (1131(447) ml/min) (P less than 0.01). Mean(s.d.) resting common femoral artery volume flow in limbs with femoropopliteal disease (457(185) ml/min) was significantly greater than that in limbs with occlusion of the aortoiliac segment (308(130) ml/min) (P less than 0.01). However, this difference did not persist during postocclusive reactive hyperaemia. A hyperaemic index, calculated from the hyperaemic responses to below knee and whole limb ischaemia, was used to quantify segmental perfusion during postocclusive reactive hyperaemia. The mean(s.d.) value in normal subjects, 46(9) per cent, and in those with @entity66 , 52(12) per cent, indicated approximately equal perfusion of the above and below knee limb segments. In those with femoropopliteal disease the mean(s.d.) hyperaemic index was 17(13) per cent, revealing relative hypoperfusion of the below knee segment.

title: Common femoral artery volume flow in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac disease']

answer: @entity1095 :: (MESH:D016491,Disease) :: ['peripheral vascular disease']


abstract: @entity2720 is often present in @entity1 with severe @entity447 . New studies demonstrate that only a small amount and a short exposure of blood in vitro are able to induce an @entity73 . Free blood in the joint leads to different mechanisms and includes cartilage and @entity79 induced by a release of macrophages and monocytes followed by activated cytokines and inflammatory processes. Another mechanism is mediated by free @entity68 resulting in @entity603 and @entity1373 and a neoangiogenesis on the base of VEGF release is common. At worst, these processes result in a complete picture of @entity2720 reducing quality of life. Few studies are available about the influence of factor treatment regime, e. g. prophylaxis or on-demand therapy, on the development of @entity2720 . However these studies investigated in most cases @entity1 . Therefore, it is still impossible to give recommendations for the right treatment in adult haemophilic @entity1 because data are still lacking. For that reason, we attempt to initiate the HemArthro-Project to investigate the influence of treatment therapy on the development of @entity2720 in adult haemophilic @entity1 . This study includes the @entity85 for the description of joint function in maximal 500 severe haemophilic @entity1 parted into two groups of treatment regime (prophylaxis vs. on-demand). The investigators are seeking further assistance from the haemophilic treatment centers for the support of this study.

title: Cross sectional study to investigate the influence of treatment regimes on the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the joint cartilage']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone damage']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilic arthropathy', 'Haemophilic arthropathy', 'arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['investigation of functional musculoskeletal parameters']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['haemophilic arthropathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Frequently following a @entity7125 of the cervical spine, @entity1 suffer from persistent @entity158 symptoms. The MRI will in some of these cases show changes consistent with disk pathology or @entity612 , although in most instances the imaging studies will offer no adequate explanation for the described symptoms. The goal of our research was to develop and test a new MRI compatible device that will allow functional imaging of the cervical spine. METHODS: A total of 30 @entity1 with @entity7125 were evaluated during the first 6 weeks following trauma with the functional MRI. The examination was carried out with a T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequence utilizing a new apparatus consisting of an inflatable air bag contained in a Plexiglas housing. Thanks to a valve placed outside of the examination room, it was possible to individually regulate the amount of air used to fill the pillow, thereby obtaining a full range of motion between flexion and extension. RESULTS: In 25 cases no pathology was found during this examination. Two @entity1 presented with scarring of the alar ligaments, indicative of a traumatic lesion. In two other instances the images in reclination revealed a bulging disk, while in one case a widening of the disk space was found as a sign for a rupture of the anterior longitudinal ligament. CONCLUSION: Our study was able to demonstrate the applicability of the new functional testing device, which permits a standardized, continuous and dynamic evaluation of the cervical spine in a closed MRI.

title: Functional cervical MRI within the scope of XXXX : presentation of a new motion device for the cervical spine.

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash injuries', 'whiplash injury']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash injuries']


abstract: @entity159 is a major medical emergency that results in significant alteration of neuronal function. @entity159 involves @entity410 activity recurring frequently enough to induce a sustained alteration in brain function. This study was initiated to investigate how @entity159 affects the activity of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II in the brain. @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II is a neuronally enriched signal transducing system involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and release, cytoskeletal function, gene transcription, neurotransmitter receptor function and neuronal excitability. Therefore, alteration of this signal transduction system would have significant physiological effects. @entity159 was induced in @entity35 by @entity2134 injection, allowed to progress for 60 min and terminated by repeated @entity3175 injections. Animals were killed at specific time-points and examined for @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity. @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was significantly reduced in cerebral cortex and hippocampal homogenates obtained from @entity159 @entity35 when compared with control animals. Once established, the @entity159 -induced inhibition of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was observed at all time-points tested following the termination of @entity410 activity. However, @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was not significantly decreased in thalamus and cerebellar homogenates. In addition, @entity159 -induced inhibition of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was dependent upon activation of @entity1024 subtype of glutamatergic receptors. Thus, @entity159 induced a significant inhibition of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity that involves @entity1024 receptor activation. The data support the hypothesis that inhibition of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity may be involved in the alteration of neuronal function following @entity159 .

title: @entity159 results in an XXXX receptor-dependent inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'Status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: @entity159 is a major medical emergency that results in significant alteration of neuronal function. @entity159 involves @entity410 activity recurring frequently enough to induce a sustained alteration in brain function. This study was initiated to investigate how @entity159 affects the activity of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II in the brain. @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II is a neuronally enriched signal transducing system involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and release, cytoskeletal function, gene transcription, neurotransmitter receptor function and neuronal excitability. Therefore, alteration of this signal transduction system would have significant physiological effects. @entity159 was induced in @entity35 by @entity2134 injection, allowed to progress for 60 min and terminated by repeated @entity3175 injections. Animals were killed at specific time-points and examined for @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity. @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was significantly reduced in cerebral cortex and hippocampal homogenates obtained from @entity159 @entity35 when compared with control animals. Once established, the @entity159 -induced inhibition of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was observed at all time-points tested following the termination of @entity410 activity. However, @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was not significantly decreased in thalamus and cerebellar homogenates. In addition, @entity159 -induced inhibition of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was dependent upon activation of @entity1024 subtype of glutamatergic receptors. Thus, @entity159 induced a significant inhibition of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity that involves @entity1024 receptor activation. The data support the hypothesis that inhibition of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity may be involved in the alteration of neuronal function following @entity159 .

title: XXXX results in an @entity1024 receptor-dependent inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity in the @entity35 .

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['Status epilepticus']


abstract: @entity159 is a major medical emergency that results in significant alteration of neuronal function. @entity159 involves @entity410 activity recurring frequently enough to induce a sustained alteration in brain function. This study was initiated to investigate how @entity159 affects the activity of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II in the brain. @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II is a neuronally enriched signal transducing system involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and release, cytoskeletal function, gene transcription, neurotransmitter receptor function and neuronal excitability. Therefore, alteration of this signal transduction system would have significant physiological effects. @entity159 was induced in @entity35 by @entity2134 injection, allowed to progress for 60 min and terminated by repeated @entity3175 injections. Animals were killed at specific time-points and examined for @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity. @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was significantly reduced in cerebral cortex and hippocampal homogenates obtained from @entity159 @entity35 when compared with control animals. Once established, the @entity159 -induced inhibition of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was observed at all time-points tested following the termination of @entity410 activity. However, @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was not significantly decreased in thalamus and cerebellar homogenates. In addition, @entity159 -induced inhibition of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity was dependent upon activation of @entity1024 subtype of glutamatergic receptors. Thus, @entity159 induced a significant inhibition of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity that involves @entity1024 receptor activation. The data support the hypothesis that inhibition of @entity460 and calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity may be involved in the alteration of neuronal function following @entity159 .

title: @entity159 results in an @entity1024 receptor-dependent inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']