abstract: The diagnosis of @entity263 is usually made on needle biopsies. Numerous benign lesions may mimic @entity5 , especially when the focus of @entity189 is limited. The presence of seminal vesicle-ejaculatory duct epithelium on prostate biopsy is not rare and could cause @entity911 with @entity420 . Lipochrome pigments are frequently encountered in seminal vesicle-ejaculatory duct but may be also seen in @entity263 . @entity1486 immunostaining in difficult cases is sometimes used, but high-grade @entity420 may be negative. In one previous report, @entity21826 was found to be expressed in seminal vesicle but not in normal prostate. @entity21826 belongs to the family of @entity1 @entity3558 genes. So we investigated herein the immunohistochemical expression of @entity21826 in prostate @entity420 and seminal vesicle-ejaculatory duct. We have tested 30 prostate @entity420 of various grade, 10 normal seminal vesicles, and 10 prostate @entity420 invading the seminal vesicles. The tissues were fixed in 10% buffered @entity406 and embedded in paraffin. Immunohistochemistry was performed using the avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex technique. All @entity420 and normal prostate structures tested were negative. In contrast, all seminal vesicles were diffusely immunostained with @entity21826 antibody. We concluded that @entity21826 is a valuable marker of seminal vesicle-ejaculatory duct and is useful for the differential diagnosis with @entity263 .

title: XXXX is a marker of seminal vesicle-ejaculatory duct epithelium and is useful for the differential diagnosis with @entity263 .

answer: @entity21826 :: (4588,Gene) :: ['MUC6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 825T allele of the @entity14644 gene is associated with increased intracellular signalling and adipogenesis in experimental studies. We studied the @entity14643 polymorphism in relation to blood pressure, @entity28 and intermediate phenotypes in a Caucasian population. METHODS: We genotyped 737 @entity1 and 775 @entity1 (participation rate, 64.3%) enrolled in a Belgian population study. Dichotomous phenotypes were tested for association with the @entity14643 polymorphism by Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression. For continuous traits, we used analysis of covariance and generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: The T allele (39.7 versus 29.1%) and TT genotype (16.1 versus 7.7%) were more prevalent in @entity28 @entity1 than in non- @entity28 @entity1 (P < or = 0.01). TT homozygous @entity1 , compared with C allele carriers, had higher daytime ambulatory blood pressure (mean systolic/diastolic differences, 3.6/2.5 mmHg; P < or = 0.02), higher body weight (2.7 kg, P = 0.04), greater risk of @entity28 (risk ratio, 1.90; P = 0.005), increased triceps skinfold thickness (2.3 mm, P = 0.007), higher serum insulin concentration (4.1 mU/l, P = 0.006), more insulin resistance (P = 0.01), and increased erythrocyte count (0.11 x 1012 cells/l, P = 0.04) and haematocrit (0.9%, P = 0.02). In @entity1 , haematocrit and erythrocyte count were also higher (P < or = 0.03) in T allele carriers, but other phenotypes were not correlated with the @entity14643 polymorphism. CONCLUSION: Male and female carriers of the T allele at position 825 of the @entity14644 gene have a slightly higher haematocrit and erythrocyte count. Male TT homozygotes have a higher blood pressure and are more @entity28 and insulin-resistant than C allele carriers. We speculate that the higher blood pressure in TT homozygous @entity1 might arise via a metabolic pathway characterized by @entity28 and insulin resistance as well as via increased peripheral resistance secondary to the higher haematocrit.

title: An epidemiological study of blood pressure and metabolic phenotypes in relation to the Gbeta3 XXXX polymorphism.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity14643 :: (c|SUB|C|825|T,DNAMutation) :: ['C825T']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between arterial @entity2693 estimated by the pulse pressure/ @entity64 index ratio (PP/SVi) and prognostically relevant abnormalities of left ventricular geometry and function. METHODS: Baseline data from the echocardiographic substudy of the @entity9886 Intervention For Endpoint (LIFE) Reduction in @entity101 Study were used. @entity1 involved in the present study had stage II-III @entity101 and electrocardiographic left ventricular @entity1184 ; those with a history of @entity301 or segmental wall motion abnormalities were excluded. Plasma @entity413 , total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 and @entity1011 concentrations and urinary albumin/ @entity1011 were assessed by standard methods. RESULTS: The study sample (n = 667) was subdivided into tertiles of PP/SVi. With greater PP/SVi, age, proportion of @entity1 and prevalence of type 2 @entity6 , systolic and mean blood pressures were greater, whereas body mass index, body height and diastolic blood pressure were lower. Total and HDL @entity165 , @entity1011 and @entity633 did not differ among the three groups. After adjustment for age, sex and body size, greater PP/SVi was related to concentric left ventricular geometry, but showed a weak negative relationship to left ventricular mass and aortic root diameter; the prevalence of aortic fibrocalcification and left atrial diameter did not differ among tertiles of PP/SVi. PP/SVi was related to greater left ventricular end-systolic stress; stress-corrected left ventricular chamber function was greater with greater PP/SVi, whereas myocardial contractility did not differ significantly among the three groups. Greater PP/SVi was related to greater mitral E-wave/A-wave ratio and shorter isovolumic relaxation time independently of age, sex, left ventricular geometry, systolic function and other confounders. CONCLUSION: Increased estimated arterial @entity2693 is associated with concentric left ventricular geometry and with diastolic left ventricular abnormalities suggestive of increased diastolic left ventricular @entity2693 .

title: Pulse pressure/ XXXX index and left ventricular geometry and function: the LIFE Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['Losartan']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery for chronic @entity57 is often technically risky. The choice of immediate thoracoplasty or muscle flap plombage to prevent postoperative space problems remains controversial. This study focused on the use of @entity121 to prevent @entity260 . METHODS: During an 8-year period (2004 to 2012), all @entity1 surgically treated for chronic @entity57 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Concomitant intrathoracic transposition of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap has been performed since 2011. The clinical records of these @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2012, 16 @entity1 were treated for chronic @entity57 . Fifteen @entity1 received lobectomies and one had a partial resection. A preventive latissimus dorsi muscle flap was used in 6 @entity1 (37  %). No postoperative @entity204 occurred. Prolonged air leaks appeared in 2 @entity1 without @entity121 , resulting in @entity3509 in both. None of the @entity1 with preventive @entity121 suffered prolonged air leaks and subsequent @entity3509 . In the outpatient clinic, late onset air leaks developed in 2 @entity1 , one of whom had a lobectomy with muscle flap while the other had a lobectomy without muscle flap. Residual pleural space persisted in these two @entity1 and @entity281 later recurred. CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant latissimus dorsi @entity121 may be effective for the prevention of prolonged air leaks and subsequent @entity3509 . Late onset air leaks are problematic.

title: Surgical treatment of chronic XXXX using preventive latissimus dorsi @entity121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus infection']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flaps']

answer: @entity57 :: (MESH:D055732,Disease) :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery for chronic @entity57 is often technically risky. The choice of immediate thoracoplasty or muscle flap plombage to prevent postoperative space problems remains controversial. This study focused on the use of @entity121 to prevent @entity260 . METHODS: During an 8-year period (2004 to 2012), all @entity1 surgically treated for chronic @entity57 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Concomitant intrathoracic transposition of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap has been performed since 2011. The clinical records of these @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2012, 16 @entity1 were treated for chronic @entity57 . Fifteen @entity1 received lobectomies and one had a partial resection. A preventive latissimus dorsi muscle flap was used in 6 @entity1 (37  %). No postoperative @entity204 occurred. Prolonged air leaks appeared in 2 @entity1 without @entity121 , resulting in @entity3509 in both. None of the @entity1 with preventive @entity121 suffered prolonged air leaks and subsequent @entity3509 . In the outpatient clinic, late onset air leaks developed in 2 @entity1 , one of whom had a lobectomy with muscle flap while the other had a lobectomy without muscle flap. Residual pleural space persisted in these two @entity1 and @entity281 later recurred. CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant latissimus dorsi @entity121 may be effective for the prevention of prolonged air leaks and subsequent @entity3509 . Late onset air leaks are problematic.

title: Surgical treatment of chronic @entity57 using preventive latissimus dorsi XXXX .

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle flaps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12040 is associated with a low incidence of coronary artery involvement, such as @entity850 , @entity3885 , @entity439 , and @entity301 , but @entity63 can be fatal. METHODS: Between 1972 and April 2001, 81 of 130 @entity1 given a diagnosis of @entity12040 underwent selective coronary angiography, and among them, 31 @entity1 (4 male and 27 female @entity1 ; mean age, 41.1 +/- 13.2 years) had abnormal coronary angiographic findings and were recruited for this study. RESULTS: Abnormal coronary findings consisted of 24 @entity3979 of greater than 75%, 3 coronary artery-bronchial artery anastomoses, 3 @entity439 @entity301 , and 1 combined @entity301 and @entity254 . Among 24 @entity1 with @entity3979 , the ostium was most frequently involved (87.5%). Twenty-three of 24 @entity1 with @entity3979 were treated surgically. The mean follow-up duration was 9.65 +/- 6.9 years, with a 100% follow-up rate. Four @entity292 and 4 @entity439 in 7 @entity1 were not treated surgically. Coronary steal phenomenon was always associated with occluded pulmonary arteries and @entity120 . @entity574 was related to severe aortic @entity101 with or without @entity337 and @entity1498 . There were 2 (8.7%) in-hospital deaths and 3 (13%) late deaths. The actuarial survival rate, including in-hospital deaths, was 86.5% +/- 7.3% at 5 years and 81.4% +/- 8.4% at 10 years. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity301 is relatively low in @entity1 with @entity12040 ; however, surgical treatment is recommended for @entity1 with @entity3979 because @entity63 can be one of the major causes of @entity204 .

title: Angiographic findings and surgical treatments of coronary artery involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary ectasia', 'coronary ectasias', 'coronary abnormalities', 'coronary steal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['coronary ischemia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenoses', 'coronary stenosis', 'coronary ostial stenoses']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['atypical coarctation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysmal coronary ectasia']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu arteritis']


abstract: @entity715 , @entity281 , false @entity439 and @entity548 are all complications occurring following reconstructive arterial surgery. The authors study what is certainly the most unusual of these complications, i. e. development of @entity2849 of prostheses of the aortic bifurcation. They describe the various etiological factors responsible for their onset and also new diagnostic features and the principles of re-operation as well as results. This study is based upon a series of 34 cases of false @entity439 of prostheses of the aortic bifurcation inserted over a ten year period from 1974 to 1984. During this period, 1,400 prostheses of aortic bifurcation were inserted, essentially for two indications: chronic obliterative arterial disease of the lower limbs and @entity439 . The mean latent period of onset of the complication was four and a half years. Removal followed by insertion of a new prosthetic graft is the basic treatment, overall mortality being 4% and morbidity being 30%, dominated by secondary @entity715 in 19% of cases, @entity281 in 8% of cases and recurrence of @entity439 in the same percentage of individuals. The overall figure of very good results was 70%. Whilst discussion is dominated by the role of different etiological factors, it nevertheless remains important to note that only progress in prosthetic and suture materials can allow a future decrease in the percentage of such @entity2849 , the factor inherent in the vascular surgeon, i. e. operative technique itself, being much easier to deal with on principle. This complication nevertheless remains very serious, best dealt with by surgery since the natural history of this false @entity439 is completely different from that of a classical femoral or popliteal @entity439 .

title: [ XXXX in prostheses of the aortic bifurcation. Apropos of 34 case reports].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['local infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal disease', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['false aneurysms']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['False aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1266 is characterized by abnormal progress of labor and is a common contemporary indication for cesarean delivery in the United States. There has been considerable controversy as to whether @entity409 leading to cesarean delivery for @entity1266 . The minimum local analgesic concentration (MLAC) is a clinical model used to determine the relative potencies of local anesthetics in the first stage of labor. In this article, the authors report a prospective study determining the MLAC of @entity1341 in early labor of parturients who eventually delivered either vaginally or via cesarean section. METHODS: An up-down sequential allocation technique was used to determine the MLAC of @entity1341 in 57 nulliparous parturients assigned to either vaginal delivery or cesarean section arms. In addition, @entity1 were assigned to groups receiving or not receiving intravenous @entity398 at the time of epidural placement. Only @entity1 who delivered by the assigned delivery mode were included in the MLAC analyses. RESULTS: Parturients who later delivered vaginally had 25% and 31% lower MLAC values (0.078% and 0.085% wt/vol @entity1341 , receiving or not receiving intravenous @entity398 , respectively) than those who later delivered by cesarean section (0.102% and 0.106% wt/vol @entity1341 , receiving or not receiving intravenous @entity398 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that an increased local anesthetic requirement for epidural labor @entity1337 is associated with more @entity158 related to @entity1266 . @entity1 in early, clinically normal labor but who later develop @entity1266 require more local anesthetic and, by inference, are experiencing more severe @entity158 than @entity1 who deliver vaginally. This association should be considered when studying the relation between the method of labor @entity1337 and the course of labor.

title: Local anesthetic requirements are greater in XXXX than in normal labor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1266 :: ('MESH:D004420', 'Disease') :: ['Dystocia', 'dystocia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['epidural analgesia causes dysfunctional labor']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['intense pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1266 :: (MESH:D004420,Disease) :: ['dystocia']


abstract: 1. The @entity717 and reduced viscosity of bovine serum albumin and chymotrypsinogen A in solvents containing @entity3971 , @entity1543 and water were studied. 2. The changes brought about in the properties of the proteins by varying the composition of the solvent or by heat treatment in these solvents were established to be reversible. 3. A method for returning the proteins to aqueous media, based on these observations, was worked out. 4. The recovered proteins were shown to be very similar to, if not identical with, the native proteins on the basis of measurements of @entity717 , viscosity, sedimentation, ultraviolet spectroscopy, immunochemical behaviour (serum albumin) and proteolytic activity (chymotrypsinogen A, after activation with trypsin). 5. The importance of the findings for partitioning of polyelectrolytes in the @entity3971 -aqueous buffer systems is discussed.

title: The properties of bovine serum albumin and chymotrypsinogen A in solvent mixtures containing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['optical rotation']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['phenol']


abstract: 1. The isolation of two proteins from the seeds of @entity11297 is described. 2. The individual steps in the purification procedure included: extraction of the seeds at pH9.0, dialysis, first against pH9.0 and then against pH5.0 buffers, high-voltage electrophoresis of the proteins soluble at pH5.0 and chromatography on Sephadex G-200, Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-Sephadex columns. 3. Of the two proteins isolated, the first and larger component was a glycoprotein and its @entity1735 part was mainly composed of @entity3913 and @entity46468 together with smaller amounts of @entity4583 , @entity6122 and @entity3953 . 4. The second protein component isolated was a trypsin inhibitor and was almost entirely devoid of @entity3363 but contained a firmly bound pinkish-blue pigment. 5. The @entity535 composition of the two proteins was determined. 6. The glycoprotein contained very little if any cyst(e)ine but was relatively rich in @entity9750 , whereas the trypsin inhibitor had an unusually high @entity1434 content (nearly 15%) but was relatively poor in @entity4857 and in @entity9750 .

title: The isolation of two proteins, glycoprotein I and a trypsin inhibitor, from the seeds of XXXX ( @entity11297 ).

entities_list: @entity46468 :: ('CHEBI:28393', 'Chemical') :: ['d-glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity9750 :: ('CHEBI:33856', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amino acids']

answer: @entity11297 :: (3885,Species) :: ['kidney bean']


abstract: 1. The isolation of two proteins from the seeds of @entity11297 is described. 2. The individual steps in the purification procedure included: extraction of the seeds at pH9.0, dialysis, first against pH9.0 and then against pH5.0 buffers, high-voltage electrophoresis of the proteins soluble at pH5.0 and chromatography on Sephadex G-200, Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-Sephadex columns. 3. Of the two proteins isolated, the first and larger component was a glycoprotein and its @entity1735 part was mainly composed of @entity3913 and @entity46468 together with smaller amounts of @entity4583 , @entity6122 and @entity3953 . 4. The second protein component isolated was a trypsin inhibitor and was almost entirely devoid of @entity3363 but contained a firmly bound pinkish-blue pigment. 5. The @entity535 composition of the two proteins was determined. 6. The glycoprotein contained very little if any cyst(e)ine but was relatively rich in @entity9750 , whereas the trypsin inhibitor had an unusually high @entity1434 content (nearly 15%) but was relatively poor in @entity4857 and in @entity9750 .

title: The isolation of two proteins, glycoprotein I and a trypsin inhibitor, from the seeds of @entity11297 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity11297 :: (3885,Species) :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate urinary symptoms before and after colorectal resection for @entity46 using validated questionnaires. STUDY DESIGN: We randomly assigned 52 @entity1 with @entity14 to undergo laparoscopically assisted or open colorectal resection. The median follow-up was 19 months. Urinary symptoms were evaluated using the International Prostate Score Symptom and the Bristol Female Low Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaires. RESULTS: Dysuria was observed in 29% of cases postoperatively. Using Bristol Female Low Urinary Tract Symptoms and International Prostate Score Symptom scores, an alteration was observed for voiding symptoms (P = .01 and P = .006, respectively). No difference was observed between the laparoscopy and the open surgery group. An alteration of the International Prostate Score Symptom voiding symptoms was observed in the group that did not undergo nerve sparing surgery (P = .048). An alteration of the International Prostate Score Symptom voiding symptoms was observed for @entity1 who underwent vaginal resection (P = .01) and parametrial resection (P = .02). CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm that colorectal resection for @entity46 is a source of @entity1973 whatever the surgical route.

title: Urinary dysfunction after colorectal resection for XXXX : results of a prospective randomized trial comparing laparoscopy to open surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['urinary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To better understand patterns of occurrence or diagnosis of @entity1313 in different segments of the population, we evaluated associations between sociodemographic variables and the relative incidence of @entity1313 as part of a multi-faceted case-control study. METHODS: The study was conducted at hospitals in three US cities between 1994 and 1998. In all, 489 @entity11 cases (354 high-grade, 135 low-grade), 197 @entity1653 cases, 96 @entity5513 cases, and 799 controls admitted to the same hospitals for any of a variety of non-neoplastic @entity74 were enrolled and interviewed. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR), calculate 95% CI, and test for trends. RESULTS: The OR showed significant positive associations with household income for @entity11 , @entity1653 , and @entity5513 , but not for high-grade @entity11 . Positive associations were observed with level of education for @entity11 and @entity5513 , but not for high-grade @entity11 or @entity1653 . Jewish religion was associated with a significantly elevated risk for @entity1653 (OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 2.0-9.0). Being single at the time of @entity5 diagnosis or enrolment was associated with significantly reduced risks for @entity1653 (OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.6) and low- or high-grade @entity11 (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5-0.8), but not for @entity5513 . CONCLUSIONS: Associations with sociodemographic variables varied considerably among the different subtypes of @entity1313 , including between low-grade and high-grade @entity11 . The general pattern was for associations with indicators of affluence and education to be stronger for @entity5 that tend to grow more slowly and have less catastrophic effects, although the evidence was mixed for @entity1653 . We cannot isolate the specific factors underlying the observed associations, but intrapopulation differences in the completeness or timing of diagnosis may have played a role. There is less opportunity for such influences to operate for the rapidly progressing, high-grade @entity11 than for more slowly growing @entity5 .

title: Sociodemographic indicators and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma', 'low-grade glioma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['diseases or conditions']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumours']


abstract: Vena caval obstruction may cause significant morbidity after intraatrial repair of @entity3886 ( @entity3886 ). Two noninvasive methods of diagnosing vena caval obstruction were compared with cardiac catheterization. Echocardiographically gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiographic evaluation (2-dimensional saline contrast echocardiography and pulsed Doppler flow measurement) were performed on 15 @entity1 0.7 to 13.5 years after intraatrial repair of @entity3886 (8 Mustard, 7 Senning). At catheterization, complete superior vena cava or partial caval obstruction (gradient greater than 5 mm Hg from cava to systemic venous atrium) was present in 7 of 15 @entity1 . @entity4264 was directly visualized by MRI in both @entity1 with catheterization-proved complete superior @entity432 . A dilated azygous/hemiazygous venous complex (greater than or equal to 5 mm cross-sectional diameter) was seen by MRI in 5 of 7 @entity1 with complex or partial vena caval obstruction and in no @entity1 without vena caval obstruction. MRI showed superior vena caval dilatation (ratio of superior vena caval diameter to aortic diameter greater than 1.45) in 3 of 5 @entity1 with partial vena caval obstruction and in 0 of 8 without vena caval obstruction. Direct visualization of narrowing within the atrium was unreliable for any MRI plane because of the 3-dimensional nature of the intraatrial baffle. Two-dimensional saline contrast echocardiography, successfully performed in 12 of 15 @entity1 , detected complete superior vena caval obstruction only in the 2 @entity1 with catheterization-proved complete superior @entity432 . Contrast echocardiography failed to identify any of the 5 @entity1 with partial vena caval obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Detection of caval obstruction by magnetic resonance imaging after intraatrial repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries', 'TGA']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['Superior vena cava obstruction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vena cava occlusion']

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of and bother associated with @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) in adults aged >= 40 years in the United States, using current International Continence Society definitions. METHODS: Internet-based panel members were selected randomly to participate in EpiLUTS, a cross-sectional, population-representative survey. @entity1 used Likert scales to rate how often they experienced individual lower urinary tract symptoms during the previous 4 weeks and how much bother they experienced. Based on responses to questions regarding urgency and urgency urinary incontinence, @entity2182 symptoms were categorized as occurring at least "sometimes" or at least "often." Symptom bother was categorized as at least "somewhat" or at least "quite a bit." RESULTS: The response rate was 59.6%, with a final sample of 9416 @entity1 and 10,584 @entity1 . Prevalence of @entity2182 symptoms at least "sometimes" was 27.2% and 43.1% for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively; prevalence of @entity2182 at least "often" was 15.8% and 32.6%, respectively. Among @entity1 with @entity2182 symptoms at least "sometimes," 60.0% were bothered at least "somewhat" and 27.8% were bothered at least "quite a bit." Among @entity1 , bother rates were 67.6% and 38.9%, respectively. Among respondents with @entity2182 at least "often," 67.8% and 38.2% of @entity1 and 73.0% and 47.1% of @entity1 reported being bothered at least "somewhat" and at least "quite a bit," respectively. We estimate that 29.8 million adults aged >= 40 years in the United States have bothersome @entity2182 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Bothersome @entity2182 symptoms are highly prevalent among @entity1 and @entity1 aged >= 40 years in the United States.

title: National community prevalence of XXXX in the United States stratified by sex and age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of alpha receptor blockers used in the treatment of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) on endothelial functions, coagulation parameters, and arterial blood pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred fifteen @entity1 admitted to the treatment protocol because of symptomatic @entity1067 were included in this prospective study. @entity1 were given the following treatments: @entity16427 4 mg/d (n = 25), @entity7477 5 mg/d (n = 26), @entity31503 10 mg/d (n = 26), @entity9940 0.4 mg/d (n = 21), and observation (n = 17). All cases were evaluated before treatment and in the 12th week of treatment, according to biochemical parameters, endothelial functions, and arterial blood pressure. Biochemical parameters were bleeding time, coagulation time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, total @entity1486 (PSA), and free PSA. Endothelial functions were evaluated with ultrasonography of the brachial artery. RESULTS: When coagulation tests were evaluated, there were significant increases in bleeding and coagulation times in the groups using @entity16427 and @entity7477 . @entity16427 and @entity7477 lowered arterial blood pressure significantly compared with other treatments. With regard to effects on endothelial function, there were significant differences in flow-mediated dilation rates of the brachial artery at 60 and 90 seconds before and during treatment in the @entity31503 and @entity7477 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Alpha receptor blockers can decrease the risk of @entity65 by both reducing @entity1423 and protecting endothelial functions in @entity1 with @entity1067 . The only drug with a favorable effect in all 4 areas of interest, including @entity1067 , blood pressure, @entity1423 , and endothelial functions, was @entity7477 .

title: Comparison of effects of alpha receptor blockers on endothelial functions and coagulation parameters in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['BPH symptoms', 'prostatic hyperplasia', 'benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxazosin', 'doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity31503 :: ('MESH:C047638', 'Chemical') :: ['alfuzosin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of alpha receptor blockers used in the treatment of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) on endothelial functions, coagulation parameters, and arterial blood pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred fifteen @entity1 admitted to the treatment protocol because of symptomatic @entity1067 were included in this prospective study. @entity1 were given the following treatments: @entity16427 4 mg/d (n = 25), @entity7477 5 mg/d (n = 26), @entity31503 10 mg/d (n = 26), @entity9940 0.4 mg/d (n = 21), and observation (n = 17). All cases were evaluated before treatment and in the 12th week of treatment, according to biochemical parameters, endothelial functions, and arterial blood pressure. Biochemical parameters were bleeding time, coagulation time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, total @entity1486 (PSA), and free PSA. Endothelial functions were evaluated with ultrasonography of the brachial artery. RESULTS: When coagulation tests were evaluated, there were significant increases in bleeding and coagulation times in the groups using @entity16427 and @entity7477 . @entity16427 and @entity7477 lowered arterial blood pressure significantly compared with other treatments. With regard to effects on endothelial function, there were significant differences in flow-mediated dilation rates of the brachial artery at 60 and 90 seconds before and during treatment in the @entity31503 and @entity7477 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Alpha receptor blockers can decrease the risk of @entity65 by both reducing @entity1423 and protecting endothelial functions in @entity1 with @entity1067 . The only drug with a favorable effect in all 4 areas of interest, including @entity1067 , blood pressure, @entity1423 , and endothelial functions, was @entity7477 .

title: Comparison of effects of alpha receptor blockers on endothelial functions and coagulation parameters in XXXX with @entity1067 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of ultrasonographic imaging (USI) in @entity2956 . @entity1 AND METHODS: USI and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in 182 temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of 91 @entity1 who were referred for treatment. After a detailed clinical examination, @entity1 who were clinically diagnosed with @entity1348 disc derangement were referred to the radiology department for MRI and USI examinations. USI and MRI diagnoses of disc displacement were compared, using clinical diagnosis as the golden standard. The overall agreement between USI and MRI results was evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with the clinical diagnosis, MRI showed a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 62%, and an accuracy of 80% in the detection of internal derangements. The positive predictable value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio were 88%, 54%, and 2.29, respectively. Compared with the clinical diagnosis, USI showed a sensitivity of 69%, specificity of 80%, and accuracy of 71% in the detection of internal derangements. The positive predictable value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio were 92%, 42%, and 3.45, respectively. Comparing the agreements between the MRI and USI diagnoses of internal derangement, the k value was found to be 0.36, indicating poor reliability (P < .001). CONCLUSION: USI, a noninvasive and dynamic imaging method, is a reliable method in evaluating the position of the disc in @entity1348 disc derangements. Better visualization of joint structures and more reliable results with higher sensitivity and accuracy can be achieved with high-resolution devices (>= 12 MHz).

title: Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorders']


abstract: In a recent study, @entity1 with @entity717 (or @entity1957 - @entity13074 ) were shown to have difficulties making rapid online corrections when reaching, demonstrated by slower and less accurate movements to double-step targets (Hyde _ Wilson, 2011). These results suggest that @entity1 with @entity13074 have difficulty using predictive estimates of limb position when making rapid adjustments to movement, in-flight. However, chronometric data alone does not provide strong evidence for this hypothesis: it remains unclear whether early (and rapid) control parameters or post-correction stages of the movement trajectory are affected. Thus, the overarching aim of this study was to conduct a kinematic analysis of double-step reaching in order to isolate the different control parameters that might explain the slower and less accurate double-step reaching performance of @entity1 with @entity13074 . @entity1 were a new sample of 13 @entity1 with @entity13074 aged between 8-12 years and 13 age-matched controls. @entity1 were required to reach and touch one of three possible targets presented at the coordinates -20  , 0   and 20   on a 17 in. @entity12541 touch-screen. For most trials (80%) the target remained stationary for the duration of movement (non-jump trials), while for the remainder (20%), the target jumped randomly to one of two peripheral locations at movement onset (jump trials). Consistent with earlier work, @entity1 with @entity13074 were slower to initiate reaching compared to controls and showed longer MT and more errors on jump trials. Kinematic data showed that while the two groups did not differ on time to peak velocity or acceleration, @entity1 with @entity13074 were slower to correct reach trajectory on jump trials. No group differences were observed on late kinematic markers, e.g., post-correction time. The pattern of results support and extend earlier work showing deficits in ROC in @entity13074 . From a computational perspective, delayed corrections to the reach trajectory suggests some difficulty integrating information about the target perturbation with a predictive (or forward) estimate of limb position relative to the initial target. These conclusions are discussed, along with directions for future research.

title: Dissecting online control in XXXX : a kinematic analysis of double-step reaching.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental Coordination Disorder']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement clumsiness']

answer: @entity1957 :: (MESH:D019957,Disease) :: ['Developmental Coordination Disorder']


abstract: Stratification of @entity1 with @entity1582 according to clinical severity was attempted by chromosomal analysis of 180 bone marrow specimens from 79 @entity1 . The 79 @entity1 were hospitalized and treated between 1994 and 1999. Abnormalities of chromosome 1 were detected at the initial medical examination in 8 (10%) of the 79 @entity1 and were found during follow-up in additional 3 @entity1 . Abnormalities of chromosome 1 were often detected in IgA (4/17) and IgD (2/4) @entity1582 , while detection in IgG @entity1582 was relatively rare (4/42). The relevant break points were 1q12 in 5 @entity1 and 1q42 and 1q21 in 3 @entity1 , while 3 @entity1 had trisomy 1. Deficiency of the long arm of chromosome 13 was detected in 6 @entity1 , and this was believed to imply a prognosis. The long arm was completely deleted in 2 @entity1 and part of the arm (13q10-14) was deleted in 4 @entity1 . It is interesting that all 6 @entity1 had concomitant abnormalities of chromosome 1. Although the initial response to treatment of @entity1 having abnormal chromosomes 1 and 13 was comparable to that of @entity1 having other @entity2008 or @entity1 who were karyotypically normal, the median survival time was only 18 months (p < 0.02). Consequently, aggressive treatment such as early stem cell transplantation and so on is needed to improve their survival.

title: Clinical implications of abnormalities of chromosomes 1 and 13 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To report three cases of spinal @entity362 seen in the last 10 years and present the clinical characteristics and surgical outcome of these cases. METHOD: Two @entity1 were @entity1 aged 12 years and 7 months, respectively. The other was a female @entity1 aged 6 months. Chief complaints were @entity1269 , back swelling and @entity1514 . All @entity1 were diagnosed with magnetic resonance images. The lesion was located in the cervico-thoracic spine (foramen magnum to T1) in one case, thoracic spine (T9-T12) with the back swelling at @entity2586 level in the second, and in the third, one mass extended from C6 to T11 and the other mass was located in the @entity6356 level, separately. RESULT: All masses were removed subtotally and @entity3570 was absent. Postoperatively, neurological status of the first and the second @entity1 were unchanged, but in the third case weakness was transiently aggravated. CONCLUSION: @entity362 is a rare spinal lesion and multiple @entity362 is extremely rare. Treatment principle is surgical decompression before symptom progression. Laminoplastic laminotomy is an appropriate approach for decompression of an @entity362 .

title: Spinal XXXX : report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['dysraphism']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['intramedullary lipoma', 'Intramedullary lipoma']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic scoliosis']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['intramedullary lipoma']


abstract: @entity9529 may occur in a manifest or latent form. Since most @entity1 with @entity346 also have @entity346 with both eyes open (manifest @entity346 ), differentiation between these two entities frequently requires electronystagmographic wave form analysis. Such analysis shows distinctive characteristics for manifest and latent or manifest latent @entity9529 , suggesting different origins. Several compensation mechanisms exist by which @entity9529 is decreased and visual acuity improved. For @entity346 , these mechanisms include version or convergence innervation or a rest point between primary position and maximal lateroversion. In latent or manifest @entity346 , the @entity346 decreases when the fixating eye is adducted. @entity1 with manifest @entity9529 may use several of these compensation strategies. Because of the difficulties involved in distinguishing between manifest and manifest @entity346 without electronystagmography, @entity911 has arisen regarding the etiologic relationship between @entity9529 and @entity5971 . Such relationship clearly exists in some @entity1 with @entity346 and convergence dampening. However, in most @entity1 with @entity5971 and @entity9529 , the @entity346 is latent or manifest latent and there is no evidence of a causal relationship between these two entities.

title: Compensatory mechanisms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['infantile esotropia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity9529 :: ('MESH:D020417', 'Disease') :: ['congenital nystagmus', 'Congenital nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['manifest nystagmus', 'latent nystagmus', 'nystagmus']

answer: @entity9529 :: (MESH:D020417,Disease) :: ['congenital nystagmus']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare early and late outcomes after inflammatory and noninflammatory @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair with emphasis on graft-related complications. Of 625 consecutive @entity1 submitted to @entity1028 repair, 18 were classified as having inflammatory AAAs (group 1). The results of this group were compared with those of 54 @entity1 (group 2) retrospectively drawn from @entity1 who underwent aortic replacement for noninflammatory AAAs. A computer-assisted matching system was used to match @entity1 according to date of birth, gender, and surgical priority. All @entity1 of both groups were followed by periodic clinical and instrumental examinations. @entity1 in group 1 complained more frequently of @entity439 (72% vs. 20%; p = 0.0001), and their erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated more often (78% vs. 19%; p < 0.0001). Surgical morbidity and mortality rates were not different. The mean lengths of follow-up were 61 +/- 47 months (group 1) and 71 +/- 38 months (group 2). The 10-year overall survival rates did not differ significantly between the two groups (49.1% +/- 16.9% for group 1 vs. 61.6% +/- 13.8% for group 2; p = 0.26, log-rank test). In contrast, the free from @entity439 survival rates were significantly lower in group 1 (57.3% +/- 20.2% vs. 97.8% +/- 2.5% at 10 years; p = 0.025, log-rank test). Long-term outcomes showed a higher incidence of graft-related complications in group 1. As @entity439 might represent a risk factor for the development of @entity439 , routine imaging surveillance of graft aortic healing after inflammatory @entity1028 repair is warranted.

title: Long-term outcome after XXXX repair: case-matched study.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['paraanastomotic aneurysm', 'inflammatory aneurysms', 'paraanastomotic aneurysms', 'aneurysm-related symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the importance of local release of autonomic neuromediators when electrical stimuli are applied to the right atrium to measure the @entity955 threshold (AFT). Experiments were performed in 16 open-chest @entity235 anesthetized with @entity4486 . The @entity235 were denervated by bilateral transection of the stellates and cervical vagi. The AFT was determined in 11 @entity235 by delivering either a train of stimuli (14 pulses, 4 ms, 100 Hz) or a single stimulus (10 ms) to the right atrium during its vulnerable period. In eight @entity235 , beta-adrenergic blockade with @entity6839 (0.1 mg/kg) had no effect on the AFT determined with either method. @entity3897 (0.2 mg/kg), given after @entity6839 , significantly increased the train-of-pulses AFT from 4.7 +/- 0.4 to 32.3 +/- 4.6 mA (P less than 0.001). The single-pulse AFT increased from 16.5 +/- 1.5 to 17.8 +/- 1.5 mA (P less than 0.05). @entity3897 had a similar effect on the AFT when it was given in the absence of @entity6839 (n = 3). In five additional @entity235 , a monophasic action potential was recorded while a 10-mA train was delivered to the atrium during its absolute refractory period. There was marked shortening of the monophasic action potential duration (55 +/- 6 ms) in the first beat after the train. The shortening was totally abolished by @entity3897 (0.2 mg/kg). The results suggest that a train of stimuli liberates local stores of @entity934 , which cause a shortening of atrial repolarization time and a profound decrease in the current necessary to evoke @entity955 .

title: XXXX release by a stimulus train lowers @entity955 threshold.

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['Acetylcholine']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the importance of local release of autonomic neuromediators when electrical stimuli are applied to the right atrium to measure the @entity955 threshold (AFT). Experiments were performed in 16 open-chest @entity235 anesthetized with @entity4486 . The @entity235 were denervated by bilateral transection of the stellates and cervical vagi. The AFT was determined in 11 @entity235 by delivering either a train of stimuli (14 pulses, 4 ms, 100 Hz) or a single stimulus (10 ms) to the right atrium during its vulnerable period. In eight @entity235 , beta-adrenergic blockade with @entity6839 (0.1 mg/kg) had no effect on the AFT determined with either method. @entity3897 (0.2 mg/kg), given after @entity6839 , significantly increased the train-of-pulses AFT from 4.7 +/- 0.4 to 32.3 +/- 4.6 mA (P less than 0.001). The single-pulse AFT increased from 16.5 +/- 1.5 to 17.8 +/- 1.5 mA (P less than 0.05). @entity3897 had a similar effect on the AFT when it was given in the absence of @entity6839 (n = 3). In five additional @entity235 , a monophasic action potential was recorded while a 10-mA train was delivered to the atrium during its absolute refractory period. There was marked shortening of the monophasic action potential duration (55 +/- 6 ms) in the first beat after the train. The shortening was totally abolished by @entity3897 (0.2 mg/kg). The results suggest that a train of stimuli liberates local stores of @entity934 , which cause a shortening of atrial repolarization time and a profound decrease in the current necessary to evoke @entity955 .

title: @entity934 release by a stimulus train lowers XXXX threshold.

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: @entity7193 peptides that induce excess slow-wave sleep have been isolated from urine and brain. A synthetic analogue to those substances, @entity7191 ( @entity7192 , @entity7191 ), was found to induce prolonged increases in slow-wave sleep and to increase electroencephalographic (EEG) delta-wave activity. @entity7192 is also pyrogenic, although this activity can be separated from its somnogenic activity. To further investigate the somnogenic actions of @entity7192 , neonatal @entity95 were used in the present study. Intraperitoneal injection of 100 micrograms/kg @entity7192 induced differential somnogenic and pyrogenic effects; from postnatal days 7-9, @entity7192 increased duration of quiet sleep (QS, the precursor of adult slow-wave sleep) and @entity25 ( @entity25 ) as judged by behavioral criteria. These animals were not febrile during the period of enhanced QS, nor did @entity7192 alter EEG delta-wave activity at this age. From postnatal days 10-15, @entity7192 induced prolonged (6 h) increases in duration of QS; both behavioral and EEG criteria were used at this age to determine duration of QS and @entity25 . Maximum @entity7192 -induced effects occurred during the 2nd h, with a parallel increase in amplitudes of EEG delta-wave activity. At this age, @entity7192 also elicited monophasic fevers and inhibition of @entity25 , with maximum effects observed during hours 3-4 postinjection. After postnatal day 16, @entity7192 -induced somnogenic and febrile responses were similar to those observed in adult @entity95 . We conclude that the mechanisms responsible for behavioral sleep states are responsive to a sleep-promoting substance early in ontogenesis.

title: Enhancement of quiet sleep in @entity95 neonates by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7193 :: ('CHEBI:25433', 'Chemical') :: ['Muramyl']

entities_list: @entity7191 :: ('MESH:D000119', 'Chemical') :: ['muramyl dipeptide', 'N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'decreased active sleep']

answer: @entity7191 :: (MESH:D000119,Chemical) :: ['muramyl dipeptide']


abstract: @entity7193 peptides that induce excess slow-wave sleep have been isolated from urine and brain. A synthetic analogue to those substances, @entity7191 ( @entity7192 , @entity7191 ), was found to induce prolonged increases in slow-wave sleep and to increase electroencephalographic (EEG) delta-wave activity. @entity7192 is also pyrogenic, although this activity can be separated from its somnogenic activity. To further investigate the somnogenic actions of @entity7192 , neonatal @entity95 were used in the present study. Intraperitoneal injection of 100 micrograms/kg @entity7192 induced differential somnogenic and pyrogenic effects; from postnatal days 7-9, @entity7192 increased duration of quiet sleep (QS, the precursor of adult slow-wave sleep) and @entity25 ( @entity25 ) as judged by behavioral criteria. These animals were not febrile during the period of enhanced QS, nor did @entity7192 alter EEG delta-wave activity at this age. From postnatal days 10-15, @entity7192 induced prolonged (6 h) increases in duration of QS; both behavioral and EEG criteria were used at this age to determine duration of QS and @entity25 . Maximum @entity7192 -induced effects occurred during the 2nd h, with a parallel increase in amplitudes of EEG delta-wave activity. At this age, @entity7192 also elicited monophasic fevers and inhibition of @entity25 , with maximum effects observed during hours 3-4 postinjection. After postnatal day 16, @entity7192 -induced somnogenic and febrile responses were similar to those observed in adult @entity95 . We conclude that the mechanisms responsible for behavioral sleep states are responsive to a sleep-promoting substance early in ontogenesis.

title: Enhancement of quiet sleep in XXXX neonates by @entity7191 .

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Initial manifestations of @entity791 in the head and neck area occur frequently. In fact, up to 40 percent of @entity1 may have involvement of the head and neck. The most common @entity5 are @entity2826 and @entity1893 . Since @entity791 -related @entity5 are a relatively new problem for radiation oncologists, optimal therapy for these @entity5 is unknown. A retrospective review of @entity791 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy has been performed. Fourteen @entity1 were identified. Of these, five were treated for @entity135 (four for @entity2826 and one for @entity1893 ). @entity2826 , as well as @entity1893 , were seen to be as radioresponsive as the classical forms, but local control was difficult to achieve. @entity2826 tended to recur marginally and within the field. Nonetheless, we believe radiotherapy can offer significant palliation for @entity791 @entity1 with @entity135 . It is of utmost importance that the head and neck surgeon must be acutely aware of the common patterns of presentation of this disease.

title: Response to radiotherapy of @entity135 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma", "Epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: Initial manifestations of @entity791 in the head and neck area occur frequently. In fact, up to 40 percent of @entity1 may have involvement of the head and neck. The most common @entity5 are @entity2826 and @entity1893 . Since @entity791 -related @entity5 are a relatively new problem for radiation oncologists, optimal therapy for these @entity5 is unknown. A retrospective review of @entity791 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy has been performed. Fourteen @entity1 were identified. Of these, five were treated for @entity135 (four for @entity2826 and one for @entity1893 ). @entity2826 , as well as @entity1893 , were seen to be as radioresponsive as the classical forms, but local control was difficult to achieve. @entity2826 tended to recur marginally and within the field. Nonetheless, we believe radiotherapy can offer significant palliation for @entity791 @entity1 with @entity135 . It is of utmost importance that the head and neck surgeon must be acutely aware of the common patterns of presentation of this disease.

title: Response to radiotherapy of XXXX in @entity791 @entity1 .

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumors']


abstract: Initial manifestations of @entity791 in the head and neck area occur frequently. In fact, up to 40 percent of @entity1 may have involvement of the head and neck. The most common @entity5 are @entity2826 and @entity1893 . Since @entity791 -related @entity5 are a relatively new problem for radiation oncologists, optimal therapy for these @entity5 is unknown. A retrospective review of @entity791 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy has been performed. Fourteen @entity1 were identified. Of these, five were treated for @entity135 (four for @entity2826 and one for @entity1893 ). @entity2826 , as well as @entity1893 , were seen to be as radioresponsive as the classical forms, but local control was difficult to achieve. @entity2826 tended to recur marginally and within the field. Nonetheless, we believe radiotherapy can offer significant palliation for @entity791 @entity1 with @entity135 . It is of utmost importance that the head and neck surgeon must be acutely aware of the common patterns of presentation of this disease.

title: Response to radiotherapy of @entity135 in @entity791 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Study is conducted to evaluate the incidence of bony secondary and to evaluate the need for routine bone scintigraphy at the time of presentation of @entity0 in this region. Of the total 130 @entity1 evaluated by bone scan, sixty (n = 60, 46.15%) had secondary lesion in bone. Among the 54 preoperative @entity1 , all with positive FNAC, twenty (n = 20, 37.03%) had bony metastases. Of the 76 post-operative @entity1 , forty (n = 40, 52.63%) had secondary @entity79 . @entity75 was seen in only five (n = 5, 8.53%) cases. Rest fifty five (n = 55, 91.67%) had multiple bony secondaries. Most of the postoperative cases (n = 40, 52.63%) were invasive/infiltrative duct cell @entity189 . The very high incidence of bony secondary appears to be due to delayed presentation associated with poor socioeconomic condition, ignorance and also shyness. Bony metastases at the time of presentation suggests poor prognosis. As it can affect therapeutic management of these @entity1 , routine bone scintigraphy at the time of presentation of @entity0 @entity1 to a tertiary label hospital is proposed, against conflicting conclusion by papers in the developed countries.

title: Incidence of bony secondary at presentation of XXXX in our region.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Single lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: Eight @entity1 with documented recurrent @entity2065 sustained iatrogenic @entity2685 during either Putti-Platt or Bristow procedures. Two @entity1 also sustained axillary @entity1317 . There were six males and two females. Postoperatively, complete @entity912 of the musculocutaneous nerve was noted in six cases and incomplete @entity912 in one case. Two @entity1 had @entity129 . There were two cases of partial @entity912 of the radial, median, and ulnar nerves, respectively. Seven of the @entity1 underwent brachial plexus exploration an average of 16 weeks following their initial operation (range, 4 to 40). Suture material was removed from around or within two musculocutaneous nerves and one ulnar, one median, and one axillary nerve. Two lacerated musculocutaneous nerves were amenable to delayed primary repair. Two musculocutaneous, one median and one axillary nerve required grafting. @entity2685 was associated with inadequate knowledge of regional anatomy, blind clamping of axillary artery lacerations, use of axillary incisions which limited exposure, and failure to identify the musculocutaneous nerve during Bristow procedures. If a @entity2685 occurs during a Putti-Platt or a Bristow procedure and the lesion does not rapidly, progressively, and completely recover, the brachial plexus should be explored since there is a high likelihood of structural @entity16 .

title: XXXX during Putti-Platt and Bristow procedures. A report of eight cases.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['complete axillary nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['anterior dislocation of the shoulder']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injuries']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries', 'Injury to the brachial plexus', 'brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['Injury to the brachial plexus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improved quality of life (QOL) of @entity1 suffering from major @entity914 has become an important treatment goal. We sought to determine predictors of perceived QOL and to explore the changes that occur regarding QOL among individuals with @entity161 as compared to @entity1 with @entity1316 . METHOD: In a naturalistic longitudinal design, 148 inpatients with @entity161 and 51 inpatients with @entity1316 (DSM-IV) were tracked for 16 months (SD = 4.6 months). Subjects were assessed at 2 timepoints for psychopathology, stress process-related factors, and perceived QOL, as measured by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire. Predictors of fluctuations in QOL index scores during the follow-up period were identified using multiple regression techniques. RESULTS: We found that poor QOL is not a more severe problem for @entity161 @entity1 than for schizoaffective/ @entity1316 @entity1 . Improved QOL of @entity161 @entity1 is associated with @entity10963 ( @entity3119 , somatization) symptoms and increased self-efficacy and self-esteem ratings. Individual changes in QOL index scores among @entity1 with @entity1316 are associated with changes in @entity308 , sensitivity, expressed emotion, and task-oriented coping scores. CONCLUSION: Predictors of changes in satisfaction with life quality over time among @entity161 @entity1 are distinct from those associated with @entity1316 . Changes in stress process-related factors, rather than psychopathology, predict change in perceived QOL and should be considered when evaluating QOL outcomes.

title: Predictors of quality of life in major XXXX : a naturalistic follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessiveness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'schizoaffective/mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['reduced paranoid and distress']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychoses']


abstract: 1. Saliva flowed from the @entity1641 's parotid duct only during mastication.2. The surface-active local anaesthetic administered by mouth inhibited salivary secretion.3. Salivary secretion was stimulated by @entity2134 and inhibited by @entity3897 .4. The volume and composition of saliva secreted in 24 hr from one parotid duct was determined.5. The concentration of @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity460 , @entity2865 and @entity3157 depended upon the rate of flow. The highest concentrations of these electrolytes were observed during periods of high flow rates.6. @entity1641 parotid saliva contained a high concentration of @entity460 .7. In the absence of a dietary supplement of @entity4388 , the @entity1372 concentration of the saliva fell after about 21 days. There was an associated increase in the @entity972 concentration. The addition of a @entity1372 supplement restored the @entity1372 concentration of the saliva within 24 hr.

title: A study of parotid salivation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Well-differentiated Stage IA @entity1204 may be managed conservatively with @entity1871 treatment. However, even advanced imaging methods cannot overcome limitations in the correct determination of the absence of early microscopic @entity3 by @entity1204 . Hysteroscopy has not yet been investigated as a tool for this purpose. METHODS: Of 97 @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity4348 , 87 whose @entity5 were clinically confined to the uterine corpus were enrolled for inclusion in this study. The preoperative hysteroscopic appearance was correlated with the histological findings of the hysterectomy specimen. RESULTS: Post-surgical FIGO stage was Stage IA in 36 cases, IB in 29, @entity2337 in 16, IIA in one, and Stage IIIA/C in five cases. Before surgery, the growth pattern of the disease was hysteroscopically diagnosed as pedunculated in 69.0% and sessile nodular in 31.0%. Surface @entity1066 was observed in 23.3% of the pedunculated @entity5 and in 74.1% of the @entity5 ( p < 0.0001), and in 39.1% of all @entity5 . The incidence of absent @entity3 was significantly higher in the pedunculated @entity5 (56.3%) than in the @entity5 (3.7%) ( p < 0.0001) and was higher in the nonulcerated @entity5 (64.2%) than in the @entity5 (5.9%) ( p < 0.0001). When the statistical parameters were calculated in combination with the @entity5 growth pattern and the absence or presence of @entity1066 , the nonulcerated pedunculated growth pattern had a sensitivity of 92% and a positive predictive value of 72% for correct selection of Stage IA disease with no @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Well-differentiated @entity4348 was categorized by hysteroscopy into two growth patterns of pedunculated or sessile and with or without surface @entity1066 . This provided useful pretreatment diagnosis of Stage IA disease confined to the endometrium.

title: Hysteroscopy to detect Stage IA well-differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated tumors', 'tumor', 'sessile tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium']


abstract: Transient @entity1563 (15 minutes) does not result in irreversible @entity296 but is associated with a @entity308 of contractile function sustained for several hours to days ("stunned @entity1562 "). The defect in the contractile process responsible for this phenomenon has been suggested to be causally related to a reduced energetic state, altered excitation or excitation-contraction coupling, or damaged contractile filaments. The purpose of this study was to attempt to exclude one or more of these hypotheses by evaluating the contractile reserve of reperfused @entity1562 . Regional subendocardial segment function was measured (sonomicrometry) in a control region and in an area (treatment region) perfused by a carotid artery to anterior descending coronary artery bypass in 13 @entity4486 -anesthetized @entity235 . Dose-response curves were constructed from changes in segment shortening (%SS) in response to intracoronary @entity460 infusion before @entity63 and following 5 or 15 minutes of occlusion and reperfusion (30 minutes). @entity460 infusion before @entity63 resulted in dose-dependent increases in %SS in the treatment area to a maximum value of 36.6% from a preinfusion value of 25.5% (p less than 0.01), in the absence of changes in control region shortening (23.7%). After 15 minutes of occlusion and reperfusion, treatment area %SS had fallen to a @entity308 but stable level (46% of preischemic values; p less than 0.01). Subsequent @entity460 infusion at the same doses as in the preischemic trial produced increases in treatment segment function with return of shortening to control levels at an intermediate dose. At the highest dose, %SS was 35.4%, which was not different from the maximal value found in the preischemic trial. Alterations in heart rate and left ventricular systolic and diastolic pressures during @entity460 infusion were minor and similar before and after @entity63 . @entity460 -induced increases in regional segment shortening above control levels (113% of control) in reperfused @entity1562 were sustained with continuous infusion (30 minutes) without deleterious effects on subsequent function. These results demonstrate that stunned @entity1562 in this model retains a normal contractile reserve in response to @entity460 , suggesting that the mechanism responsible for postischemic contractile dysfunction involves @entity460 .

title: Reversibly injured, postischemic @entity235 XXXX retains normal contractile reserve.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardium']


abstract: Transient @entity1563 (15 minutes) does not result in irreversible @entity296 but is associated with a @entity308 of contractile function sustained for several hours to days ("stunned @entity1562 "). The defect in the contractile process responsible for this phenomenon has been suggested to be causally related to a reduced energetic state, altered excitation or excitation-contraction coupling, or damaged contractile filaments. The purpose of this study was to attempt to exclude one or more of these hypotheses by evaluating the contractile reserve of reperfused @entity1562 . Regional subendocardial segment function was measured (sonomicrometry) in a control region and in an area (treatment region) perfused by a carotid artery to anterior descending coronary artery bypass in 13 @entity4486 -anesthetized @entity235 . Dose-response curves were constructed from changes in segment shortening (%SS) in response to intracoronary @entity460 infusion before @entity63 and following 5 or 15 minutes of occlusion and reperfusion (30 minutes). @entity460 infusion before @entity63 resulted in dose-dependent increases in %SS in the treatment area to a maximum value of 36.6% from a preinfusion value of 25.5% (p less than 0.01), in the absence of changes in control region shortening (23.7%). After 15 minutes of occlusion and reperfusion, treatment area %SS had fallen to a @entity308 but stable level (46% of preischemic values; p less than 0.01). Subsequent @entity460 infusion at the same doses as in the preischemic trial produced increases in treatment segment function with return of shortening to control levels at an intermediate dose. At the highest dose, %SS was 35.4%, which was not different from the maximal value found in the preischemic trial. Alterations in heart rate and left ventricular systolic and diastolic pressures during @entity460 infusion were minor and similar before and after @entity63 . @entity460 -induced increases in regional segment shortening above control levels (113% of control) in reperfused @entity1562 were sustained with continuous infusion (30 minutes) without deleterious effects on subsequent function. These results demonstrate that stunned @entity1562 in this model retains a normal contractile reserve in response to @entity460 , suggesting that the mechanism responsible for postischemic contractile dysfunction involves @entity460 .

title: Reversibly injured, postischemic XXXX @entity1562 retains normal contractile reserve.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Cardiac mechanical function and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) were measured in isovolumically beating hearts from neonatal piglets 0.5 to 12 days of age. The hearts were perfused retrogradely at 70 cm @entity2507 with a recirculating modified Krebs-Henseleit solution containing washed adult @entity1707 red cells (hematocrit, 25%). They were electrically paced (180 beats/min), and left ventricular developed pressure (delta P), maximum rate of rise of pressure (dP/dt), @entity301 , and myocardial @entity26 consumption were measured. These parameters were found to remain stable for at least 60 minutes. In one group, a single dose of @entity11073 was added to the perfusate to yield a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. Within 5 minutes delta P decreased from 104.0 +/- 7.1 to 65.3 +/- 8.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), and dP/dt fell from 1,160 +/- 96 to 658 +/- 78 mm Hg/sec (p less than 0.001). In a second group, successive doses of @entity11073 were added to yield concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 micrograms/ml. There was a progressive decrease in delta P and dP/dt to 66.5 +/- 4.2% and 57.6 +/- 4.8% of initial values, respectively. @entity301 increased progressively from 3.2 +/- 0.2 to 6.8 +/- 0.5 ml/min/g. In 3 experiments, @entity11073 was washed out after achieving the maximum concentration. Depressed mechanical function reversed and delta P and dP/dt returned to control values in each heart. Additionally, @entity301 decreased from 7.6 +/- 0.3 to 5.0 +/- 0.2 ml/min/g. It is concluded that @entity11073 has concentration-dependent negative inotropic actions in the neonatal piglet heart. Hence, the drug may not be useful in treating @entity712 in the @entity1 neonate.

title: Negative inotropic effects of XXXX in the neonatal piglet heart.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'coronary flow']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity11073 :: (MESH:D000676,Chemical) :: ['amrinone']


abstract: The electrophysiological properties of mossy cells were examined in developing @entity19 hippocampal slices using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques, with particular reference to the dorsoventral difference. Dorsal mossy cells exhibited a higher spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) frequency and larger maximal EPSP amplitude than ventral mossy cells. On the other hand, the blockade of synaptic inputs with glutamatergic and GABAergic antagonists disclosed a remarkable dorsoventral difference in the intrinsic activity: none (0/27) of the dorsal mossy cells showed intrinsic bursting, whereas the majority (35/47) of the ventral mossy cells exhibited intrinsic rhythmic bursting. To characterize the ionic currents underlying the rhythmic bursting of mossy cells, we used somatic voltage-clamp recordings in the subthreshold voltage range. Ventral bursting cells possessed both hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) and persistent @entity1372 current ( @entity72439 ), whereas dorsal and ventral nonbursting cells possessed Ih but no @entity72439 . Blockade of Ih with @entity5166 did not affect the intrinsic bursting of ventral mossy cells. In contrast, the blockade of @entity72439 with @entity1022 or @entity3174 established a stable subthreshold membrane potential in ventral bursting cells. The current-voltage curve of ventral bursting cells showed a region of @entity1022 -sensitive negative slope conductance between -55 mV and a spike threshold ( approximately -45 mV). On the other hand, no subthreshold @entity460 conductances played a significant role in the intrinsic bursting of ventral mossy cells. These observations demonstrate the heterogeneous electrophysiological properties of hilar mossy cells, and suggest that the subthreshold @entity72439 plays a major role in the intrinsic rhythmic bursting of ventral mossy cells.

title: Ionic currents underlying rhythmic bursting of ventral mossy cells in the developing XXXX dentate gyrus.

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Between 1994-1998, we retrospectively studied a cohort of 396 consecutive @entity1 with @entity384 , mean age 53 +/- 15 years, 74% @entity1 . The history of @entity167 intake was abstracted from the medical records. During a follow-up period of 42 +/- 26 months, 83 (76% @entity1 ) @entity1 died and 15 (80% @entity1 ) underwent cardiac transplantation. @entity1 were younger and more likely to have a history of excessive @entity167 intake compared with @entity1 . Gender significantly modified the risk of @entity167 consumption on mortality. Although @entity167 intake increased the mortality risk in @entity1 , it was protective toward @entity204 in @entity1 (hazards ratios for @entity204 were 7.3 vs. 0.44). The effect of @entity167 intake on outcome was reassessed after classifying the @entity1 into 4 groups: group 1: life-long nondrinkers; group 2: former drinkers; group 3: moderate drinkers; and group 4: heavy drinkers. Similar findings were seen. This study demonstrated that the risk of reported @entity167 intake on mortality is related to gender in @entity1 with @entity712 . Our findings deserve further study, including a larger number of females, as a possible way to improve outcome in such @entity1 .

title: Influence of gender and reported XXXX intake on mortality in @entity384 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Between 1994-1998, we retrospectively studied a cohort of 396 consecutive @entity1 with @entity384 , mean age 53 +/- 15 years, 74% @entity1 . The history of @entity167 intake was abstracted from the medical records. During a follow-up period of 42 +/- 26 months, 83 (76% @entity1 ) @entity1 died and 15 (80% @entity1 ) underwent cardiac transplantation. @entity1 were younger and more likely to have a history of excessive @entity167 intake compared with @entity1 . Gender significantly modified the risk of @entity167 consumption on mortality. Although @entity167 intake increased the mortality risk in @entity1 , it was protective toward @entity204 in @entity1 (hazards ratios for @entity204 were 7.3 vs. 0.44). The effect of @entity167 intake on outcome was reassessed after classifying the @entity1 into 4 groups: group 1: life-long nondrinkers; group 2: former drinkers; group 3: moderate drinkers; and group 4: heavy drinkers. Similar findings were seen. This study demonstrated that the risk of reported @entity167 intake on mortality is related to gender in @entity1 with @entity712 . Our findings deserve further study, including a larger number of females, as a possible way to improve outcome in such @entity1 .

title: Influence of gender and reported @entity167 intake on mortality in XXXX .

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: AIMS: To provide contemporary data on the effect of high @entity165 and high @entity1674 on the risk of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and mortality in Swedish @entity1 and to describe secular trends with respect to serum lipids, body mass index (BMI) and smoking in the source population. METHODS: We followed 1372 @entity1 aged 39-64 years and without prior @entity65 from 1980 to 1999 through record-linkage with the Swedish hospital discharge and cause-specific death registers. Risk factor measurements were done at baseline. Every fifth year between 1980 and 1995 coronary risk factors were assessed in independent samples of the source population. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, a 1 mmol increase in @entity165 was associated with a 51% increased risk of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and/or revascularisation ( @entity583 ; p<0.0001) and a 30% increased risk of being hospitalised for @entity301 (p<0.0004). @entity1 with @entity165 , 7-7.9 mmol/l, had a threefold risk of @entity583 (HR 3.44 (1.63-7.23)) and hazard ratios in the highest @entity165 category, > or =8 mmol/l, was 4.49 (1.92-10.50) as compared to @entity1 with @entity165 below 6 mmol/l. A 1 mmol increase in @entity1674 was associated with a 49% increased risk of @entity583 (p=0.002) and a 45% increased risk of being hospitalised for @entity301 (p=0.001) after adjustment for major coronary risk factors. A moderate increase in @entity1674 , 1.0-1.5 mmol/l, conferred no significant increase in risk of coronary events as compared to below 1.0 mmol/l. @entity1 with high @entity1674 , 1.5-1.9 mmol/l, had a doubled risk of @entity583 (HR 2.55 (1.20-5.42)) and hazard ratios in the highest @entity412 category, > or =2.0 mmol/l, was 3.35 (1.48-7.60). Both high @entity165 and high @entity1674 predicted mortality but the magnitude was smaller than for coronary events. During the study period the proportion of @entity1 with low @entity165 profile, below 6.0 mmol/l, increased on average from 49 to 68% and the proportion of @entity1 with low @entity412 levels, below 1.0 mmol/l, decreased from 59 to 36% in the source population. A modest increase in BMI was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Both high fasting @entity165 and high fasting @entity1674 strongly predicted coronary events in middle-aged Swedish @entity1 . The favourable decline in @entity165 levels and smoking rates during the study period was offset by a marked increase in @entity412 levels. The findings suggest that interventional strategies directed to correct abnormalities in the @entity412 metabolism may be specifically warranted in @entity1 .

title: High lipid levels and XXXX in @entity1 in G  teborg--outcome and secular trends: a prospective 19 year follow-up in the BEDA*study.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: AIMS: To provide contemporary data on the effect of high @entity165 and high @entity1674 on the risk of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and mortality in Swedish @entity1 and to describe secular trends with respect to serum lipids, body mass index (BMI) and smoking in the source population. METHODS: We followed 1372 @entity1 aged 39-64 years and without prior @entity65 from 1980 to 1999 through record-linkage with the Swedish hospital discharge and cause-specific death registers. Risk factor measurements were done at baseline. Every fifth year between 1980 and 1995 coronary risk factors were assessed in independent samples of the source population. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, a 1 mmol increase in @entity165 was associated with a 51% increased risk of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and/or revascularisation ( @entity583 ; p<0.0001) and a 30% increased risk of being hospitalised for @entity301 (p<0.0004). @entity1 with @entity165 , 7-7.9 mmol/l, had a threefold risk of @entity583 (HR 3.44 (1.63-7.23)) and hazard ratios in the highest @entity165 category, > or =8 mmol/l, was 4.49 (1.92-10.50) as compared to @entity1 with @entity165 below 6 mmol/l. A 1 mmol increase in @entity1674 was associated with a 49% increased risk of @entity583 (p=0.002) and a 45% increased risk of being hospitalised for @entity301 (p=0.001) after adjustment for major coronary risk factors. A moderate increase in @entity1674 , 1.0-1.5 mmol/l, conferred no significant increase in risk of coronary events as compared to below 1.0 mmol/l. @entity1 with high @entity1674 , 1.5-1.9 mmol/l, had a doubled risk of @entity583 (HR 2.55 (1.20-5.42)) and hazard ratios in the highest @entity412 category, > or =2.0 mmol/l, was 3.35 (1.48-7.60). Both high @entity165 and high @entity1674 predicted mortality but the magnitude was smaller than for coronary events. During the study period the proportion of @entity1 with low @entity165 profile, below 6.0 mmol/l, increased on average from 49 to 68% and the proportion of @entity1 with low @entity412 levels, below 1.0 mmol/l, decreased from 59 to 36% in the source population. A modest increase in BMI was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Both high fasting @entity165 and high fasting @entity1674 strongly predicted coronary events in middle-aged Swedish @entity1 . The favourable decline in @entity165 levels and smoking rates during the study period was offset by a marked increase in @entity412 levels. The findings suggest that interventional strategies directed to correct abnormalities in the @entity412 metabolism may be specifically warranted in @entity1 .

title: High lipid levels and @entity301 in XXXX in G  teborg--outcome and secular trends: a prospective 19 year follow-up in the BEDA*study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: in @entity1 with @entity455 , to compare surgical outcome and long-term results of cryopreserved allograft implantations to conventional surgery. DESIGN: retrospective study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: two asynchronous series of 44 [series I: 1980-1994; 8 @entity1 with @entity292 ( @entity292 )] and 22 (series II: 1994-1997; 4 @entity1 with @entity292 ) @entity1 were treated for prosthesis infection. All @entity1 had prosthesis excision. In series I, there were 4 in situ reparations, 26 extra-anatomic bypass, 13 excision only, and one @entity204 at laparotomy. In series II, in situ cryopreserved allografts were implanted in all @entity1 . RESULTS: operative mortality was 16% in series I and 13.6% in series II. For @entity292 @entity1 , mortality was 37% in series I and 50% in series II. Among hospital survivors, infection-related late mortality was 13.5% in series I and 5% in series II. For @entity292 @entity1 , late mortality was 20% in series I and 50% in series II. Incidence of reoperations was 54% in series I and 10.5% in series II (p<0.01). Hospital stay was 47.2+/-26.4 days in series I and 16.6+/-11.5 days in series II (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: compared to conventional treatment, incidence of reoperations and length of hospital stay are significantly decreased after cryopreserved allograft implantation. However, closure of aortic stump and extra-anatomic bypass gives better results for @entity1 with @entity292 .

title: @entity455 complicated or not by XXXX : comparison of treatment with and without cryopreserved allograft (homograft).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular prosthesis infection']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['aortoenteric fistula', 'AEF']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['aortoenteric fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: in @entity1 with @entity455 , to compare surgical outcome and long-term results of cryopreserved allograft implantations to conventional surgery. DESIGN: retrospective study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: two asynchronous series of 44 [series I: 1980-1994; 8 @entity1 with @entity292 ( @entity292 )] and 22 (series II: 1994-1997; 4 @entity1 with @entity292 ) @entity1 were treated for prosthesis infection. All @entity1 had prosthesis excision. In series I, there were 4 in situ reparations, 26 extra-anatomic bypass, 13 excision only, and one @entity204 at laparotomy. In series II, in situ cryopreserved allografts were implanted in all @entity1 . RESULTS: operative mortality was 16% in series I and 13.6% in series II. For @entity292 @entity1 , mortality was 37% in series I and 50% in series II. Among hospital survivors, infection-related late mortality was 13.5% in series I and 5% in series II. For @entity292 @entity1 , late mortality was 20% in series I and 50% in series II. Incidence of reoperations was 54% in series I and 10.5% in series II (p<0.01). Hospital stay was 47.2+/-26.4 days in series I and 16.6+/-11.5 days in series II (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: compared to conventional treatment, incidence of reoperations and length of hospital stay are significantly decreased after cryopreserved allograft implantation. However, closure of aortic stump and extra-anatomic bypass gives better results for @entity1 with @entity292 .

title: XXXX complicated or not by @entity292 : comparison of treatment with and without cryopreserved allograft (homograft).

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Prosthetic vascular infection']


abstract: The metal-tipped optical fiber or "laser probe" has been extensively studied in animal preparations in vivo and in @entity1 clinical trials of revascularization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal characteristics of laser probe tissue ablation and to contrast the vascular tissue response to exposure to the laser probe and bare optical fiber. A 2 mm laser probe was heated with up to 4 W of @entity3503 -ion laser irradiation and applied to six postmortem strips of @entity1 nonatherosclerotic aorta as well as to five @entity731 aortic specimens. Surface temperature maps of the laser probe and of the vascular tissue in air were obtained via 8 to 12 micron thermographic imaging. Laser probe temperature was additionally monitored via thermocouples. Two strips each of normal and diseased aorta were irradiated directly with the bare optical fiber. Thus a total of 43 laser probe application sites and 19 bare fiberoptic laser irradiation sites on a total of 15 aortic strips were analyzed both thermographically and histologically. Based on measured temperature rises and histologic findings, the following observations were made: (1) The laser probe heats initially at its tip and attains a uniform surface temperature distribution within 5 sec. The steady-state temperature attained by the probe is inversely related to the thermal conductivity of the surrounding media. In all media studied, probe temperature increases linearly with applied laser energy. (2) Tissue ablation starts at temperatures greater than 100 degrees C, and ablation temperatures typically exceed 180 degrees C. Adventitial temperatures during laser probe application may reach 70 degrees C. Tissue ablation is enhanced both by greater laser energy deposition in the probe and by higher force at which the probe is applied to tissue. (3) Ablation of fibrofatty atheromata is more extensive than of nonatherosclerotic aortic tissue. This may be due to the lower thermal conductivity of @entity1856 tissue. (4) In contrast to direct @entity3503 -ion laser ablation of aortic tissue, laser probe-mediated ablation occurs in a controlled fashion, is not associated with extensive subintimal dissections, and allows uniform conduction of heat to tissue as reflected by essentially "isothermal" injury lines.

title: Laser probe ablation of normal and XXXX @entity1 aorta in vitro: a first thermographic and histologic analysis.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: The metal-tipped optical fiber or "laser probe" has been extensively studied in animal preparations in vivo and in @entity1 clinical trials of revascularization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal characteristics of laser probe tissue ablation and to contrast the vascular tissue response to exposure to the laser probe and bare optical fiber. A 2 mm laser probe was heated with up to 4 W of @entity3503 -ion laser irradiation and applied to six postmortem strips of @entity1 nonatherosclerotic aorta as well as to five @entity731 aortic specimens. Surface temperature maps of the laser probe and of the vascular tissue in air were obtained via 8 to 12 micron thermographic imaging. Laser probe temperature was additionally monitored via thermocouples. Two strips each of normal and diseased aorta were irradiated directly with the bare optical fiber. Thus a total of 43 laser probe application sites and 19 bare fiberoptic laser irradiation sites on a total of 15 aortic strips were analyzed both thermographically and histologically. Based on measured temperature rises and histologic findings, the following observations were made: (1) The laser probe heats initially at its tip and attains a uniform surface temperature distribution within 5 sec. The steady-state temperature attained by the probe is inversely related to the thermal conductivity of the surrounding media. In all media studied, probe temperature increases linearly with applied laser energy. (2) Tissue ablation starts at temperatures greater than 100 degrees C, and ablation temperatures typically exceed 180 degrees C. Adventitial temperatures during laser probe application may reach 70 degrees C. Tissue ablation is enhanced both by greater laser energy deposition in the probe and by higher force at which the probe is applied to tissue. (3) Ablation of fibrofatty atheromata is more extensive than of nonatherosclerotic aortic tissue. This may be due to the lower thermal conductivity of @entity1856 tissue. (4) In contrast to direct @entity3503 -ion laser ablation of aortic tissue, laser probe-mediated ablation occurs in a controlled fashion, is not associated with extensive subintimal dissections, and allows uniform conduction of heat to tissue as reflected by essentially "isothermal" injury lines.

title: Laser probe ablation of normal and @entity731 XXXX aorta in vitro: a first thermographic and histologic analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']