abstract: Development of urinary behavior from birth to adulthood was observed in six groups of beagles including @entity3930 ( @entity3930 ), normal females (NF), males castrated soon after birth (CM), males castrated soon after birth and treated with @entity251 (T) for the next 90 days (CMT), females exposed to T in utero (FTU), and females exposed to T in utero and during infancy, i.e., the first 30-40 days postpartum (FTUI). Prenatal treatment with T had masculinizing effects on juvenile urinary behavior in FTU and FTUI. On the other hand normal development of fully adult masculine urinary patterns in males and females necessitated both prenatal and postnatal androgenic stimulation. It was not necessary that T be present at the time the overt behavior developed. For example, adult male behavior appeared in FTUI at the same time as in @entity3930 , i.e., 6-10 months, although the supply of exogenous @entity342 in FTUI had been exhausted within 30-40 days after birth. CMT showed precocious development of all components of the adult male pattern. Development of adult responses was markedly retarded in most CM, and their performance did not equal that of @entity3930 at 23 months. They were then injected with TP which promptly evoked completely normal male urinary behavior. It is tentatively concluded that T acting before birth and during the juvenile period "prepares" critical CNS mechanisms so that when general maturation reaches the appropriate point adult male behavior develops. Although the preparatory role of T is essential, the behavior is not dependent on T after it has developed.

title: Effects of XXXX on ontogeny of urinary behavior in male and female dogs.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['NM', 'normal males']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: @entity1358 has a range of clinical manifestations including vague abdominal symptoms, haematuria, @entity812 and a palpable abdominal mass. Generally, 25-30% of @entity1 are found to have @entity3 at diagnosis but a further 30-50% of @entity1 with @entity66 will develop @entity3 during the course of their illness. Spread in @entity1358 is lymphatic, haematogenous, transcoelomic or by direct invasion and the most common sites of @entity3 in @entity1358 are the lung, lymph nodes, bones and liver. @entity3 to the small intestine is rare and the duodenum is the segment least often affected. @entity1358 @entity3 to the duodenum occurs most commonly in the periampullary region, followed by the bulband usually manifest as @entity360 or obstruction. Bleeding may be the first symptom of @entity3 in @entity1 who have previously undergone nephrectomy for @entity1358 . Survival is better for @entity1 with @entity66 compared with those with regional and distant @entity3 . This report describes a case of duodenal @entity3 from @entity1358 in which the @entity1 presented with @entity360 and @entity9727 and was treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy with an excellent long-term outcome. Long-term survival was better than survival data reported in the current literature. . KEY WORDS: Duodenal @entity3 , @entity360 , @entity1358 , Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

title: Seven-year survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for early recurrent XXXX involving the duodenum A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease', 'local disease']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal bleeding', 'gastrointestinal bleeding', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: The duration of improvement in quality of life after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation ( @entity9221 DBS) for @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and the presurgical identification of factors predicting sustained clinical benefits have implications in @entity1 selection and timing of surgery. These aspects were assessed in @entity1 who underwent yearly assessment for at least 7 years after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The quality of life, motor and cognitive outcomes of 25 @entity1 who completed the 7-year assessment, and 12 @entity1 who completed the 10-year assessment, were analyzed. RESULTS: The improvement in quality of life was sustained only for 5 years, while the severity of motor signs and motor fluctuations remained reduced at 7 and 10 years. @entity400 and @entity2003 showed more enduring reduction than @entity2845 and axial signs. The dose reduction in medications could be maintained until 7 years, by which time, the axial scores were worse than that seen at the pre-DBS levels. At 10 years, a higher @entity3034 requirement and recurrence of @entity910 were noted. @entity1 with greater pre-DBS @entity3034 -responsive motor signs had greater long-term motor improvement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9221 DBS performed in @entity1 with advanced motor fluctuations and severe @entity910 provide only an average of 5 years of quality of life improvement. @entity9221 DBS in @entity1 with motor signs that are less responsive to @entity3034 results in shorter duration of clinical benefits. The improvements in the severity of motor fluctuations, @entity2003 , and @entity400 are the most enduring benefits of @entity9221 DBS that last a decade . However, these are offset by worsening axial and cognitive functions, @entity2845 , a higher @entity3034 requirement, and recurrence of @entity910 by the end of the decade.

title: The decade after subthalamic stimulation in advanced XXXX : A balancing act.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Tremor', 'tremor']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) developed @entity1 safety indicator (PSI) 5, "Foreign body left during procedure," to flag accidental foreign bodies in surgical and medical procedures. This study examined how well this indicator identifies true foreign body events in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective study within 28 selected VA hospitals from fiscal year 2003 to 2007. Trained abstractors reviewed medical charts flagged by PSI 5 and determined true foreign body cases. We calculated the positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of this indicator and performed descriptive analyses of true positive and false positive cases. RESULTS: Of the 652,093 eligible cases, 93 were flagged by PSI 5 (0.14 per 1,000). Forty-two were true positives, yielding a @entity2286 of 45% (95% CI 35% to 56%). False positives were due to a foreign body that was present on admission (57%) or coding errors (43%). True foreign bodies were associated with surgical (n = 23) and medical (n = 19) procedures. The most common type of surgical foreign body was a sponge (52%). Overall, approximately 40% of foreign bodies were related to a device @entity177 (30% surgical vs 53% medical foreign bodies). @entity260 included @entity158 (24%), @entity281 (12%), adhesions (5%), and @entity1744 (5%). CONCLUSIONS: The reported rate of foreign body events as detected by PSI 5 is low in the VA, but occurs in both surgical and medical procedures. Despite widespread implementation of surgical counts, quality improvement efforts should focus on novel ways to eliminate this "never event" from operations. Future studies are needed to better understand the preventability of medical procedure-associated foreign bodies and particularly, device failure-related foreign bodies.

title: Detecting XXXX safety indicators: How valid is "foreign body left during procedure" in the Veterans Health Administration?

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['failure or malfunction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The majority of @entity102 in the aging adult are thought to relate to immune aging characterized by dominant immunosuppression and @entity2121 , @entity32 . This is known collectively as immunosenescence. The main change thought to be controlling immune aging is the age-related decline in @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) and corresponding increase in @entity701 ; the net effect which decreases the @entity2494 / @entity701 ratio. Exactly how this translates to immunosuppression and @entity32 remains unclear. Recently a new component of the @entity1 innate immune system has been discovered. @entity1 endogenous retrovirus K102 ( @entity72819 ) is a replication-competent @entity45231 unique to @entity1 which has been implicated in @entity102 . Accumulating evidence suggests that @entity72819 may defend the host against @entity1800 , as well as against @entity0 . Particles are produced in activated monocytes and released into vacuoles but do not bud through the cell surface. This renders macrophages foamy, while the release of particles is only through cell lysis. New evidence presented here suggests @entity2494 but not @entity2494 -S may specifically bind and inactivate @entity160 ( @entity160 ). @entity160 is a well-established immunosuppressive factor which importantly, also blocks cell lysis induction in macrophages through the 67 kilodalton (kD) @entity160 receptor (AFPr). Here, it is proposed that a decreased @entity2494 / @entity701 ratio may favor the accumulation of foamy macrophages reflecting the @entity701 induction of @entity72819 particle production concomitant with the blocked release of particles by secreted @entity160 . This is a new paradigm to explain how @entity701 -mediated immunosenescence can result in the persistence of foamy macrophages, and how this relates to risk of @entity102 .

title: A new paradigm about @entity72819 particle production and blocked release to explain @entity701 mediated immunosenescence and age-associated risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant inflammation']

entities_list: @entity45231 :: ('11641', 'Species') :: ['foamy retrovirus']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and other cancers']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxically']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The majority of @entity102 in the aging adult are thought to relate to immune aging characterized by dominant immunosuppression and @entity2121 , @entity32 . This is known collectively as immunosenescence. The main change thought to be controlling immune aging is the age-related decline in @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) and corresponding increase in @entity701 ; the net effect which decreases the @entity2494 / @entity701 ratio. Exactly how this translates to immunosuppression and @entity32 remains unclear. Recently a new component of the @entity1 innate immune system has been discovered. @entity1 endogenous retrovirus K102 ( @entity72819 ) is a replication-competent @entity45231 unique to @entity1 which has been implicated in @entity102 . Accumulating evidence suggests that @entity72819 may defend the host against @entity1800 , as well as against @entity0 . Particles are produced in activated monocytes and released into vacuoles but do not bud through the cell surface. This renders macrophages foamy, while the release of particles is only through cell lysis. New evidence presented here suggests @entity2494 but not @entity2494 -S may specifically bind and inactivate @entity160 ( @entity160 ). @entity160 is a well-established immunosuppressive factor which importantly, also blocks cell lysis induction in macrophages through the 67 kilodalton (kD) @entity160 receptor (AFPr). Here, it is proposed that a decreased @entity2494 / @entity701 ratio may favor the accumulation of foamy macrophages reflecting the @entity701 induction of @entity72819 particle production concomitant with the blocked release of particles by secreted @entity160 . This is a new paradigm to explain how @entity701 -mediated immunosenescence can result in the persistence of foamy macrophages, and how this relates to risk of @entity102 .

title: A new paradigm about XXXX particle production and blocked release to explain @entity701 mediated immunosenescence and age-associated risk of @entity102 .

answer: @entity72819 :: (449619,Gene) :: ['HERV-K102']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The majority of @entity102 in the aging adult are thought to relate to immune aging characterized by dominant immunosuppression and @entity2121 , @entity32 . This is known collectively as immunosenescence. The main change thought to be controlling immune aging is the age-related decline in @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) and corresponding increase in @entity701 ; the net effect which decreases the @entity2494 / @entity701 ratio. Exactly how this translates to immunosuppression and @entity32 remains unclear. Recently a new component of the @entity1 innate immune system has been discovered. @entity1 endogenous retrovirus K102 ( @entity72819 ) is a replication-competent @entity45231 unique to @entity1 which has been implicated in @entity102 . Accumulating evidence suggests that @entity72819 may defend the host against @entity1800 , as well as against @entity0 . Particles are produced in activated monocytes and released into vacuoles but do not bud through the cell surface. This renders macrophages foamy, while the release of particles is only through cell lysis. New evidence presented here suggests @entity2494 but not @entity2494 -S may specifically bind and inactivate @entity160 ( @entity160 ). @entity160 is a well-established immunosuppressive factor which importantly, also blocks cell lysis induction in macrophages through the 67 kilodalton (kD) @entity160 receptor (AFPr). Here, it is proposed that a decreased @entity2494 / @entity701 ratio may favor the accumulation of foamy macrophages reflecting the @entity701 induction of @entity72819 particle production concomitant with the blocked release of particles by secreted @entity160 . This is a new paradigm to explain how @entity701 -mediated immunosenescence can result in the persistence of foamy macrophages, and how this relates to risk of @entity102 .

title: A new paradigm about @entity72819 particle production and blocked release to explain XXXX mediated immunosenescence and age-associated risk of @entity102 .

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: Do animals know at a physiological level how much they weigh, and, if so, do they make homeostatic adjustments in response to changes in body weight? Skeletal muscle is a likely tissue for such plasticity, as weight-bearing muscles receive mechanical feedback regarding body weight and consume @entity855 in order to generate forces sufficient to counteract gravity. Using @entity35 , we examined how variation in body weight affected alternative splicing of @entity17509 ( @entity17509 ), a component of the thin filament that regulates the actin-myosin interaction during contraction and modulates force output. In response to normal growth and experimental body weight increases, alternative splicing of @entity17509 in @entity35 gastrocnemius muscle was adjusted in a quantitative fashion. The response depended on weight per se, as externally attached loads had the same effect as an equal change in actual body weight. Examining the association between @entity17509 alternative splicing and @entity855 consumption rate, we found that the @entity17509 splice form profile had a significant association with nocturnal energy expenditure, independently of effects of weight. For a subset of the @entity17509 splice forms, @entity28 Zucker @entity35 failed to make the same adjustments; that is, they did not show the same relationship between body weight and the relative abundance of five @entity17509 b splice forms (i.e. @entity17509 b2-b5 and b8), four of which showed significant effects on nocturnal energy expenditure in @entity35 . Heavier @entity28 Zucker @entity35 displayed certain splice form relative abundances (e.g. @entity17509 b3) characteristic of much lighter, lean animals, resulting in a mismatch between body weight and muscle molecular composition. Consequently, we suggest that body @entity121 @entity17509 expression in @entity28 is a candidate mechanism for @entity425 and @entity146 . Weight-dependent quantitative variation in @entity17509 alternative splicing appears to be an evolutionarily conserved feature of skeletal muscle and provides a quantitative molecular marker to track how an animal perceives and responds to body weight.

title: Body weight-dependent troponin T alternative splicing is evolutionarily conserved from insects to mammals and is partially impaired in skeletal muscle of XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced mobility']

entities_list: @entity17509 :: ('24838(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['fast skeletal muscle troponin T', 'Tnnt3']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['weight-inappropriate skeletal muscle']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: Do animals know at a physiological level how much they weigh, and, if so, do they make homeostatic adjustments in response to changes in body weight? Skeletal muscle is a likely tissue for such plasticity, as weight-bearing muscles receive mechanical feedback regarding body weight and consume @entity855 in order to generate forces sufficient to counteract gravity. Using @entity35 , we examined how variation in body weight affected alternative splicing of @entity17509 ( @entity17509 ), a component of the thin filament that regulates the actin-myosin interaction during contraction and modulates force output. In response to normal growth and experimental body weight increases, alternative splicing of @entity17509 in @entity35 gastrocnemius muscle was adjusted in a quantitative fashion. The response depended on weight per se, as externally attached loads had the same effect as an equal change in actual body weight. Examining the association between @entity17509 alternative splicing and @entity855 consumption rate, we found that the @entity17509 splice form profile had a significant association with nocturnal energy expenditure, independently of effects of weight. For a subset of the @entity17509 splice forms, @entity28 Zucker @entity35 failed to make the same adjustments; that is, they did not show the same relationship between body weight and the relative abundance of five @entity17509 b splice forms (i.e. @entity17509 b2-b5 and b8), four of which showed significant effects on nocturnal energy expenditure in @entity35 . Heavier @entity28 Zucker @entity35 displayed certain splice form relative abundances (e.g. @entity17509 b3) characteristic of much lighter, lean animals, resulting in a mismatch between body weight and muscle molecular composition. Consequently, we suggest that body @entity121 @entity17509 expression in @entity28 is a candidate mechanism for @entity425 and @entity146 . Weight-dependent quantitative variation in @entity17509 alternative splicing appears to be an evolutionarily conserved feature of skeletal muscle and provides a quantitative molecular marker to track how an animal perceives and responds to body weight.

title: Body weight-dependent troponin T alternative splicing is evolutionarily conserved from insects to mammals and is partially impaired in skeletal muscle of @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1311 has shown promise against advanced @entity356 and associated @entity5 with non-measurable lesions. In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of @entity1311 against @entity356 , a prospective phase II clinical trial was designed according to our previously proposed criteria represented by the clinical benefit response in @entity356 (CBR-GC) criteria and the five-point method (5PM). METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity356 with @entity5 were treated with 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusions of 80 mg/m   of @entity1311 weekly over a 3-week cycle on days 1, 8, and 15, followed by 1 week of rest. Therapeutic responses were measured according to the CBR-GC criteria and the 5PM. RESULTS: The CBR-GC criteria showed improved ascites volume and functional status in 39.1% of @entity1 . A positive CBR-GC response in abdominal girth was seen in 31.3% of @entity1 , and this was significantly correlated with the 5PM-estimated change in ascites volume (p < 0.001). The median number of treatment cycles was 3 (range 1-12). The most common non-hematological @entity137 was @entity448 , in 22.2% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Weekly i.v. @entity1311 is a safe and effective chemotherapeutic regimen based on validated CBR-CG criteria.

title: Assessing clinical benefit response in the treatment of gastric @entity5 with non-measurable lesions: a multicenter phase II trial of @entity1311 for @entity5 secondary to advanced/recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'malignant gastric ascites']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1311 has shown promise against advanced @entity356 and associated @entity5 with non-measurable lesions. In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of @entity1311 against @entity356 , a prospective phase II clinical trial was designed according to our previously proposed criteria represented by the clinical benefit response in @entity356 (CBR-GC) criteria and the five-point method (5PM). METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity356 with @entity5 were treated with 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusions of 80 mg/m   of @entity1311 weekly over a 3-week cycle on days 1, 8, and 15, followed by 1 week of rest. Therapeutic responses were measured according to the CBR-GC criteria and the 5PM. RESULTS: The CBR-GC criteria showed improved ascites volume and functional status in 39.1% of @entity1 . A positive CBR-GC response in abdominal girth was seen in 31.3% of @entity1 , and this was significantly correlated with the 5PM-estimated change in ascites volume (p < 0.001). The median number of treatment cycles was 3 (range 1-12). The most common non-hematological @entity137 was @entity448 , in 22.2% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Weekly i.v. @entity1311 is a safe and effective chemotherapeutic regimen based on validated CBR-CG criteria.

title: Assessing clinical benefit response in the treatment of gastric XXXX with non-measurable lesions: a multicenter phase II trial of @entity1311 for @entity5 secondary to advanced/recurrent @entity356 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant ascites']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1311 has shown promise against advanced @entity356 and associated @entity5 with non-measurable lesions. In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of @entity1311 against @entity356 , a prospective phase II clinical trial was designed according to our previously proposed criteria represented by the clinical benefit response in @entity356 (CBR-GC) criteria and the five-point method (5PM). METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity356 with @entity5 were treated with 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusions of 80 mg/m   of @entity1311 weekly over a 3-week cycle on days 1, 8, and 15, followed by 1 week of rest. Therapeutic responses were measured according to the CBR-GC criteria and the 5PM. RESULTS: The CBR-GC criteria showed improved ascites volume and functional status in 39.1% of @entity1 . A positive CBR-GC response in abdominal girth was seen in 31.3% of @entity1 , and this was significantly correlated with the 5PM-estimated change in ascites volume (p < 0.001). The median number of treatment cycles was 3 (range 1-12). The most common non-hematological @entity137 was @entity448 , in 22.2% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Weekly i.v. @entity1311 is a safe and effective chemotherapeutic regimen based on validated CBR-CG criteria.

title: Assessing clinical benefit response in the treatment of gastric @entity5 with non-measurable lesions: a multicenter phase II trial of @entity1311 for XXXX secondary to advanced/recurrent @entity356 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant ascites']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1311 has shown promise against advanced @entity356 and associated @entity5 with non-measurable lesions. In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of @entity1311 against @entity356 , a prospective phase II clinical trial was designed according to our previously proposed criteria represented by the clinical benefit response in @entity356 (CBR-GC) criteria and the five-point method (5PM). METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity356 with @entity5 were treated with 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusions of 80 mg/m   of @entity1311 weekly over a 3-week cycle on days 1, 8, and 15, followed by 1 week of rest. Therapeutic responses were measured according to the CBR-GC criteria and the 5PM. RESULTS: The CBR-GC criteria showed improved ascites volume and functional status in 39.1% of @entity1 . A positive CBR-GC response in abdominal girth was seen in 31.3% of @entity1 , and this was significantly correlated with the 5PM-estimated change in ascites volume (p < 0.001). The median number of treatment cycles was 3 (range 1-12). The most common non-hematological @entity137 was @entity448 , in 22.2% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Weekly i.v. @entity1311 is a safe and effective chemotherapeutic regimen based on validated CBR-CG criteria.

title: Assessing clinical benefit response in the treatment of gastric @entity5 with non-measurable lesions: a multicenter phase II trial of XXXX for @entity5 secondary to advanced/recurrent @entity356 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Growing evidence suggests that @entity455 ( @entity455 ) contribute to @entity73 . The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of @entity455 on the conversion from @entity73 ( @entity73 ) to @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity303 . METHODS: A total of 837 subjects with @entity73 were enrolled at baseline and followed up annually for 5 years. The incidence of @entity195 was investigated. A mixed random effects regression model was used to analyze the association between @entity455 and the progression of @entity73 assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination and instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify the association between @entity455 and @entity303 conversion, and to examine whether treatment of @entity455 can prevent @entity303 conversion. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up, 298 subjects converted to @entity195 , while 352 remained @entity73 . Subjects with @entity455 had a faster progression in cognition and function relative to subjects without. @entity455 including @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity66 , and @entity1007 increased the risk of @entity303 conversion. Those subjects with @entity73 in whom all @entity455 were treated had a lower risk of @entity303 than those who had some @entity455 treated. Treatment of individual @entity455 including @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity1007 was associated with the reduced risk of @entity195 conversion. CONCLUSION: @entity455 increased the risk of incident @entity195 . Treatment of @entity455 was associated with a reduced risk of incident @entity195 . Although our findings are observational, they suggest active intervention for @entity455 might reduce progression in @entity73 to @entity195 .

title: Vascular risk factors promote conversion from @entity73 to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['VRF', 'vascular risk factors']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'AD dementia', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Growing evidence suggests that @entity455 ( @entity455 ) contribute to @entity73 . The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of @entity455 on the conversion from @entity73 ( @entity73 ) to @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity303 . METHODS: A total of 837 subjects with @entity73 were enrolled at baseline and followed up annually for 5 years. The incidence of @entity195 was investigated. A mixed random effects regression model was used to analyze the association between @entity455 and the progression of @entity73 assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination and instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify the association between @entity455 and @entity303 conversion, and to examine whether treatment of @entity455 can prevent @entity303 conversion. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up, 298 subjects converted to @entity195 , while 352 remained @entity73 . Subjects with @entity455 had a faster progression in cognition and function relative to subjects without. @entity455 including @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity66 , and @entity1007 increased the risk of @entity303 conversion. Those subjects with @entity73 in whom all @entity455 were treated had a lower risk of @entity303 than those who had some @entity455 treated. Treatment of individual @entity455 including @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity1007 was associated with the reduced risk of @entity195 conversion. CONCLUSION: @entity455 increased the risk of incident @entity195 . Treatment of @entity455 was associated with a reduced risk of incident @entity195 . Although our findings are observational, they suggest active intervention for @entity455 might reduce progression in @entity73 to @entity195 .

title: Vascular risk factors promote conversion from XXXX to @entity195 .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: @entity1526 is typically associated with cardiac involvement. During the acute phase of @entity19 @entity281 with @entity1527 , severe @entity2401 can develop. Prior to cardiac alteration, however, infected @entity19 present with @entity8 causing @entity810 due to an @entity63 /reperfusion lesion. Thus, the present study was undertaken in order to evaluate whether the parasites or some of their components would directly affect renal cells. As such, this study employed kidney cell lines (mesangial, epithelial, and proximal tubular) that mimic different regions of the renal system. Mesangial cells are more resistant to @entity281 , showing reduced parasite internalization relative to epithelial and proximal tubular cells. Upon @entity281 , mesangial cells produced more @entity842 , @entity5 factor necrosis-a, and interferon-y and showed decreased viability when compared to the other cell lines. These results indicate that the resistance of mesangial cells to @entity281 may be related to the increased expression of @entity842 and proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, the high levels of @entity842 produced by these cells caused impairment of cell integrity and viability. Higher @entity842 concentrations promote cellular injury and can be involved in the genesis of @entity63 /reperfusion lesions in @entity810 .

title: Induction of proinflammatory cytokines and @entity842 by XXXX in renal cells.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal inflammatory infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocarditis']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: @entity1526 is typically associated with cardiac involvement. During the acute phase of @entity19 @entity281 with @entity1527 , severe @entity2401 can develop. Prior to cardiac alteration, however, infected @entity19 present with @entity8 causing @entity810 due to an @entity63 /reperfusion lesion. Thus, the present study was undertaken in order to evaluate whether the parasites or some of their components would directly affect renal cells. As such, this study employed kidney cell lines (mesangial, epithelial, and proximal tubular) that mimic different regions of the renal system. Mesangial cells are more resistant to @entity281 , showing reduced parasite internalization relative to epithelial and proximal tubular cells. Upon @entity281 , mesangial cells produced more @entity842 , @entity5 factor necrosis-a, and interferon-y and showed decreased viability when compared to the other cell lines. These results indicate that the resistance of mesangial cells to @entity281 may be related to the increased expression of @entity842 and proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, the high levels of @entity842 produced by these cells caused impairment of cell integrity and viability. Higher @entity842 concentrations promote cellular injury and can be involved in the genesis of @entity63 /reperfusion lesions in @entity810 .

title: Induction of proinflammatory cytokines and XXXX by @entity1527 in renal cells.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: European legislation allows the official recognition of Trichinella-free @entity1707 holdings, provided Trichinella sp. @entity281 is absent from @entity1 and prevalence of Trichinella sp. @entity281 in red foxes ( @entity13616 ) is below 0.1% in the area, region or country. Tibialis anterior muscle samples from 1,319 red foxes captured in Catalonia (NE Spain) between 1998 and 2007 were analyzed for Trichinella sp. using the digestion method. Four foxes resulted positive (one in 1999, one in 2002 and two in 2006), accounting for a low prevalence (0.3%). However, this prevalence was concentrated in mountain or rural areas with a low sample size, reaching high local prevalences. The two positive samples in 2006 were characterized as Trichinella britovi, and a sylvatic cycle of @entity8573 seems to occur, at least in the rural insufficiently sampled regions of Catalonia. Overall, the results obtained do not currently allow the establishment of Trichinella-free @entity1707 holdings in the study area, but further research is needed to better know the prevalence and cycle of Trichinella sp. in Catalonia.

title: Trichinella sp. in red foxes ( XXXX ) from Catalonia, NE Spain.

entities_list: @entity13616 :: ('9627', 'Species') :: ['Vulpes vulpes']

entities_list: @entity8573 :: ('MESH:D014235', 'Disease') :: ['trichinellosis']

answer: @entity13616 :: (9627,Species) :: ['Vulpes vulpes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Work-related @entity85 are common in computer professionals. Workstyle may be one of the risk factors in the development of musculoskeletal discomfort. The objective of this retrospective study was to examine the prevalence of adverse workstyle in computer professionals from India and to evaluate if workstyle factors were predictors of @entity158 and loss of productivity. METHODS: Office workers from various information technology (IT) companies in India responded to the short-form workstyle questionnaire and @entity158 questionnaire. Correlation analyses were conducted to examine the associations between different variables followed by a multivariate logistic regression to understand the unique predictors of @entity158 and loss of productivity. RESULTS: 4,500 @entity1 responded to the workstyle and @entity158 questionnaire. 22% of @entity1 were reported to have a high risk of an adverse workstyle. 63% of @entity1 reported @entity158 symptoms. Social reactivity, lack of breaks, and deadlines/pressure subscales of workstyle questionnaire were significantly correlated with @entity158 and loss of productivity. Regression analyses revealed that workstyle factors and duration of computer use per day were significant predictors of @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Workstyle seems to be a mediating factor for @entity4512 , discomfort, and loss of productivity. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that intervention efforts directed towards prevention of @entity85 should focus on psychosocial work factors such adverse workstyle in addition to biomechanical risk factors.

title: Workstyle risk factors for work related XXXX among computer professionals in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal symptoms']


abstract: In the @entity1 eye there is a balance between production of @entity7462 as well as its drainage. The intraocular pressure is held through different mechanisms in a stable balance. The @entity7462 is secreted by the ciliary epithelium lining the ciliary processes. Three physiological processes contribute to the formation and chemical composition of the @entity7462 : diffusion (5 %), ultrafiltration (15 %) and active secretion (80 %). The normal intraocular pressure amounts to 15    3 mmHg, the normal diurnal fluctuation 5 mmHg. @entity7462 leaves the eye by passive bulk flow via two pathways: the trabecular route and the uveoscleral route. In @entity726 @entity1 this balance is disturbed resulting in individual high intraocular pressure or, respectively, high diurnal fluctuations. This leads to loss of @entity227 . As a recommendation for @entity726 @entity1 it is useful to construct diurnal intraocular pressure curves to evaluate the "type of pressure" and to determine the diurnal fluctuations or, respectively, the time of the pressure maxima. With this knowledge, treatment of @entity726 @entity1 can be managed in a more individualised manner and it seems to slow down the progress of the disease better than by merely reducing the intraocular pressure.

title: [Physiology of @entity7462 formation, diurnal fluctuation of intraocular pressure and its significance for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor', 'Aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion cells and visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: In the @entity1 eye there is a balance between production of @entity7462 as well as its drainage. The intraocular pressure is held through different mechanisms in a stable balance. The @entity7462 is secreted by the ciliary epithelium lining the ciliary processes. Three physiological processes contribute to the formation and chemical composition of the @entity7462 : diffusion (5 %), ultrafiltration (15 %) and active secretion (80 %). The normal intraocular pressure amounts to 15    3 mmHg, the normal diurnal fluctuation 5 mmHg. @entity7462 leaves the eye by passive bulk flow via two pathways: the trabecular route and the uveoscleral route. In @entity726 @entity1 this balance is disturbed resulting in individual high intraocular pressure or, respectively, high diurnal fluctuations. This leads to loss of @entity227 . As a recommendation for @entity726 @entity1 it is useful to construct diurnal intraocular pressure curves to evaluate the "type of pressure" and to determine the diurnal fluctuations or, respectively, the time of the pressure maxima. With this knowledge, treatment of @entity726 @entity1 can be managed in a more individualised manner and it seems to slow down the progress of the disease better than by merely reducing the intraocular pressure.

title: [Physiology of XXXX formation, diurnal fluctuation of intraocular pressure and its significance for @entity726 ].

answer: @entity7462 :: (MESH:C562390,Disease) :: ['aqueous humor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most of systemic therapies have not been systematically investigated in moderate to severe @entity1569 . Treatment preferences for moderate to severe @entity1569 in childhood are unknown. OBJECTIVE: the objectives of this study were to investigate the systemic treatment patterns of moderate to severe @entity1569 in @entity1 and adolescents aged  <= 18 years in Italy. Additional secondary outcomes were duration of treatment and reasons for discontinuation. METHODS: to define differences in treatment patterns, we performed a chart review of all consecutive @entity1 treated with systemic drugs during an index period of five years. Consecutive sampling of all @entity1 with @entity1569 , aged  <= 18 years, who had been treated with at least one systemic drug over a 5-year period, was made. RESULTS: the records of 58 consecutive @entity1 , 27 males, 31 females. with moderate to severe @entity1569 treated with at least one systemic therapy were reviewed. The median age (standard deviation) at the start of the first systemic treatment was 11.7 years (   3.7). The most preferred first line systemic treatment was @entity205 , which was administered as first systemic treatment in 53.4% of @entity1 , followed by @entity14028 in 22.4% of @entity1 , etanercept and PUVA respectively in 8.6%, @entity1499 in 6.8%. 48.2% of @entity1 received a second systemic treatment due to inefficacy or side effects of the first line therapy during the index period. Because of the small sample, and voluntary contribution, selection bias may have occurred. CONCLUSION: a considerable variation in the management of the first line systemic therapy in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 was observed. @entity205 was most commonly preferred as a first-line treatment. The availability of new therapeutic agents could change the scenario of treatment patterns in childhood @entity1569 .

title: Treatment patterns with systemic antipsoriatic agents in childhood XXXX : an Italian database analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14028 :: ('MESH:D017255', 'Chemical') :: ['acitretin']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'childhood plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To better understand the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) spectrum through principal components analysis and further evaluate the role of the Mediterranean diet on @entity209 presence. METHODS: During 2001-2002, 1514 @entity1 and 1528 @entity1 (>18y) without any clinical evidence of CVD or any other @entity102 , at baseline, living in greater Athens area, Greece, were enrolled. In 2011-2012, the 10-year follow-up was performed in 2583 @entity1 (15% of the @entity1 were lost to follow-up). Incidence of fatal or non-fatal CVD was defined according to WHO-ICD-10 criteria. @entity209 was defined by the National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment panel III (revised NCEP ATP III) definition. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the MedDietScore (range 0-55). RESULTS: Five principal components were derived, explaining 73.8% of the total variation, characterized by the: a) body weight and lipid profile, b) blood pressure, c) lipid profile, d) @entity413 profile, e) inflammatory factors. All components were associated with higher likelihood of CVD incidence. After adjusting for various potential confounding factors, adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern for each 10% increase in the MedDietScore, was associated with 15% lower odds of CVD incidence (95%CI: 0.71-1.06). For the @entity1 with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet  all five components were significantly associated with increased likelihood of CVD incidence. However, for the ones following closely the Mediterranean pattern positive, yet not significant associations were observed. CONCLUSION: Results of the present work propose a wider @entity209 definition, while highlighting the beneficial role of the Mediterranean dietary pattern.

title: XXXX , adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 10-year cardiovascular disease incidence: The ATTICA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many therapies exist for the treatment of @entity1643 including spinal manipulative therapy (SMT), which is a worldwide, extensively practiced intervention. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of SMT for chronic @entity1643 . SEARCH STRATEGY: An updated search was conducted by an experienced librarian to June 2009 for @entity23 ( @entity23 ) in CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2009, issue 2), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, and the Index to Chiropractic Literature.    SELECTION CRITERIA: @entity23 which examined the effectiveness of spinal manipulation or mobilisation in adults with chronic @entity1643 were included. No restrictions were placed on the setting or type of @entity158 ; studies which exclusively examined sciatica were excluded. The primary outcomes were @entity158 , functional status and perceived recovery. Secondary outcomes were return-to-work and quality of life. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently conducted the study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction. GRADE was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Sensitivity analyses and investigation of heterogeneity were performed, where possible, for the meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS: We included 26 @entity23 (total @entity1 = 6070), nine of which had a low risk of bias. Approximately two-thirds of the included studies (N = 18) were not evaluated in the previous review. In general, there is high quality evidence that SMT has a small, statistically significant but not clinically relevant, short-term effect on @entity158 relief ( @entity601 : -4.16, 95% CI -6.97 to -1.36) and functional status ( @entity7126 : -0.22, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.07) compared to other interventions. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. There is varying quality of evidence (ranging from low to high) that SMT has a statistically significant short-term effect on @entity158 relief and functional status when added to another intervention. There is very low quality evidence that SMT is not statistically significantly more effective than inert interventions or sham SMT for short-term @entity158 relief or functional status. Data were particularly sparse for recovery, return-to-work, quality of life, and costs of care. No serious complications were observed with SMT. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: High quality evidence suggests that there is no clinically relevant difference between SMT and other interventions for reducing @entity158 and improving function in @entity1 with chronic @entity1643 . Determining cost-effectiveness of care has high priority. Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect in relation to inert interventions and sham SMT, and data related to recovery.

title: Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomised controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low-back pain']


abstract: Objective. To define the long-term (2-4 years) clinical and virological outcome of an antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme in rural South Africa. Methods. We performed a retrospective observational cohort study, including 735 @entity1 who initiated ART. Biannual monitoring, including @entity645 -RNA testing, was performed. Primary endpoint was @entity1 retention; virological suppression ( @entity645 -RNA <   50 copies/mL) and failure ( @entity645 -RNA >   1000 copies/mL) were secondary endpoints. Moreover, possible predictors of treatment failure were analyzed. Results. 63% of @entity1 (466/735) have a fully suppressed @entity645 -RNA, a median of three years after treatment initiation. Early mortality was high: 14% died within 3 months after treatment start. 16% of @entity1 experienced virological failure, but only 4% was switched to second-line ART. Male gender and a low performance score were associated with treatment failure; immunological failure was a poor predictor of virological failure. Conclusions. An "all or nothing" phenomenon was observed in this rural South African ART programme: high early attrition, but good virological control in those remaining in care. Continued efforts are needed to enrol @entity1 earlier. Furthermore, the observed viro-immunological dissociation emphasises the need to make @entity645 -RNA testing more widely available.

title: Long-Term Outcome of an XXXX -Treatment Programme in Rural Africa: Viral Suppression despite Early Mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity28 subjects, slight increases have been observed in thyrotropin (TSH), but data in @entity1 are scarce. We aim to evaluate whether thyroid function and @entity792 vary with weight status in a healthy population of @entity1 and adolescents and to determine whether hyperthyrotropinemia is associated with any @entity65 factor. METHODS: Cross-sectional epidemiological study in Almer  a (Spain). Representative sample of 1317 healthy subjects aged 2-16 years. Thyroid function, thyroid @entity792 and @entity65 factors were measured. Statistical tests: chi-square, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The @entity28 @entity1 and adolescents had thyrotropin levels (mean (standard deviation)) of 3.12 (2.44) mU/L. These levels were higher than those of the subjects with overweight, 2.79 (1.51), and normal weight, 2.73 (1.30), (p=0.02). Levels of free @entity1955 and urinary @entity1496 did not differ significantly between the groups. The prevalence (percentage (95% confidence interval)) of thyroid @entity792 was lower in the individuals with normal weight, 2.9% (2.0-4.2), than in those with overweight, 6.3% (3.9-9.9), and @entity28 , 5.6% (2.5-11.3) (p=0.02). TSH levels were associated with @entity28 (b=0.36; p<0.001) and thyroid @entity792 (b=1.10; p<0.001). Nevertheless, they were not associated with any @entity65 factor. CONCLUSION: The @entity28 @entity1 and adolescents had higher levels of @entity7287 than those with overweight and normal weight. These differences were of very little clinical significance, and are accounted in part for by the higher prevalence of thyroid @entity792 in these subjects. This hyperthyrotropinemia was not associated with any @entity65 factor.

title: Thyroid Function and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Relation to Weight Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in XXXX and Adolescents: a Population-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Radiologists have a special role in the management of @entity1398 @entity1 . The appropriate investigational technique, frequently targeted differential diagnosis, and the special needs of these @entity1 , need to be understood. Early detection of a focus is the major goal in febrile @entity1398 @entity1 . As @entity55 is the most common focus, chest imaging is a special radiological task. The sensitivity of chest X-ray, especially in supine position, is known to be low; therefore, the very sensitive @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) became gold standard in @entity1398 hosts and will probably be replaced by thin-section multislice CT (MSCT) in the near future. Costs of @entity2101 are low in comparison to antibiotics. An infiltrate needs to be localised, so that a physician can utilise this information as a guidance for invasive procedures for further microbiological work-up. The radiological characterisation of infiltrates gives a first and rapid hint to differentiate between different sorts of infectious (typical bacterial, atypical bacterial, fungal) and non-infectious aetiologies. Follow-up investigations need careful interpretation according to disease and concomitant treatment. Due to an increased incidence of fungal infiltrates even with appropriate therapy, follow-up of an infiltrate must use further parameters in addition to lesion size. Temporary exclusion of infectious involvement of the lung with high accuracy remains of special interest for clinicians.

title: @entity55 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-resolution CT', 'HRCT']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenic']


abstract: Radiologists have a special role in the management of @entity1398 @entity1 . The appropriate investigational technique, frequently targeted differential diagnosis, and the special needs of these @entity1 , need to be understood. Early detection of a focus is the major goal in febrile @entity1398 @entity1 . As @entity55 is the most common focus, chest imaging is a special radiological task. The sensitivity of chest X-ray, especially in supine position, is known to be low; therefore, the very sensitive @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) became gold standard in @entity1398 hosts and will probably be replaced by thin-section multislice CT (MSCT) in the near future. Costs of @entity2101 are low in comparison to antibiotics. An infiltrate needs to be localised, so that a physician can utilise this information as a guidance for invasive procedures for further microbiological work-up. The radiological characterisation of infiltrates gives a first and rapid hint to differentiate between different sorts of infectious (typical bacterial, atypical bacterial, fungal) and non-infectious aetiologies. Follow-up investigations need careful interpretation according to disease and concomitant treatment. Due to an increased incidence of fungal infiltrates even with appropriate therapy, follow-up of an infiltrate must use further parameters in addition to lesion size. Temporary exclusion of infectious involvement of the lung with high accuracy remains of special interest for clinicians.

title: XXXX in @entity1398 @entity1 .

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Pneumonia']


abstract: Radiologists have a special role in the management of @entity1398 @entity1 . The appropriate investigational technique, frequently targeted differential diagnosis, and the special needs of these @entity1 , need to be understood. Early detection of a focus is the major goal in febrile @entity1398 @entity1 . As @entity55 is the most common focus, chest imaging is a special radiological task. The sensitivity of chest X-ray, especially in supine position, is known to be low; therefore, the very sensitive @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) became gold standard in @entity1398 hosts and will probably be replaced by thin-section multislice CT (MSCT) in the near future. Costs of @entity2101 are low in comparison to antibiotics. An infiltrate needs to be localised, so that a physician can utilise this information as a guidance for invasive procedures for further microbiological work-up. The radiological characterisation of infiltrates gives a first and rapid hint to differentiate between different sorts of infectious (typical bacterial, atypical bacterial, fungal) and non-infectious aetiologies. Follow-up investigations need careful interpretation according to disease and concomitant treatment. Due to an increased incidence of fungal infiltrates even with appropriate therapy, follow-up of an infiltrate must use further parameters in addition to lesion size. Temporary exclusion of infectious involvement of the lung with high accuracy remains of special interest for clinicians.

title: @entity55 in @entity1398 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rapid eye @entity10522 is composed of phasic and tonic periods, two distinguishable microstates in terms of arousal thresholds and sensory processing. Background electroencephalogram oscillations are also different between periods with (phasic state) and periods without (tonic state) eye movements. In Study 1, previous findings analysing electroencephalogram spectral power in phasic and @entity11755 were replicated, and analyses extended to the high gamma range (52-90  Hz). In Study 2, phasic and tonic spectral power differences within a group of 4-8-year-old @entity1 were examined. Based on the polysomnographic data of 20 young adults, the phasic state yielded increased delta and theta power in anterior sites, as well as generally decreased high alpha and beta power in comparison to the tonic state. Moreover, phasic periods exhibited greater spectral power in the lower and the higher gamma band. Interestingly, @entity1 (n  =  18) exhibited a different pattern, showing increased activity in the low alpha range during phasic periods. Moreover, during phasic in contrast to @entity11755 , increased low and high gamma and enhanced low gamma band power emerged in anterior and posterior regions, respectively. The current findings show that spectral activity within the high gamma range substantially contributes to the differences between phasic and @entity11755 , especially in adults. Moreover, the current data underscore the heterogeneity of @entity11755 , and point to marked differences between young adults and @entity1 regarding phasic/tonic electroencephalogram spectral power. These results suggest that the differentiation between phasic and tonic rapid eye movement periods undergoes maturation.

title: EEG spectral power in phasic and tonic REM sleep: different patterns in young adults and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['tonic rapid eye movement sleep', 'rapid eye movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['movement sleep']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is commonly used in the screening and evaluation process with bariatric surgery candidates despite relatively limited psychometric evidence in this @entity1 group. We examined the validity of the BDI and its clinical utility for subtyping @entity1 seeking gastric bypass surgery. METHODS: One hundred twenty-four @entity1 evaluated for gastric bypass surgery were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( @entity915 -I/P) and completed a self-report battery of psychosocial measures including the BDI. RESULTS: Based on the @entity915 -I/P, 12.9  % (n   =   16) met criteria for current @entity1316 . Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed the BDI had a good area under the curve (0.788) for predicting @entity915 -I/P @entity1316 diagnosis; BDI score of >15 optimized both sensitivity and specificity. @entity1 diagnosed with @entity915 -I/P @entity1316 had significantly higher levels of @entity1277 psychopathology, self-esteem, and shame, than those without @entity1316 . Based on a BDI cut-off score of >15, 41.9  % (n   =   52) were categorized as high-BDI and 58.1  % (n   =   72) as low-BDI. @entity1 characterized as high-BDI also had significantly higher levels of all associated measures than those with low-BDI; effect sizes for the differences by BDI subtyping were generally 2-3 times greater than those observed when comparing @entity915 -I/P-based mood versus no @entity1316 subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 seeking gastric bypass surgery, the BDI demonstrated limited acceptability efficiency for identifying @entity1316 with a cut-point score of >15. When identifying clinical severity, however, subtyping @entity1 by BDI scores of >15 may identify a significantly more disturbed subgroup than relying on a @entity915 -I/P-generated @entity1316 diagnosis.

title: Validity and Clinical Utility of Subtyping by the Beck Depression Inventory in XXXX Seeking Gastric Bypass Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Within the context of paediatric @entity1118 , parental attitudes are of particular importance given that they have the potential to impact on how parents respond to their @entity1 . The current study was designed to assess whether parental attitudes, such as parental confidence and beliefs in their @entity1 's ability to function in spite of @entity158 , and parental catastrophising about their @entity1 's @entity158 , are associated with parental @entity158 -related behaviours known to be associated with poor @entity1 outcomes, such as protectiveness and high levels of monitoring. METHODS: @entity1 were 138 @entity1 -parent dyads recruited from a tertiary @entity1118 clinic. @entity1 were aged 8- to 17-years. Prior to the initial clinic appointment, parents completed validated measures of parental @entity158 catastrophising and parental responses to their @entity1 's @entity158 . @entity1 completed measures of functional disability and @entity158 intensity. RESULTS: Parents who reported lower confidence in their @entity1 's ability to cope with the @entity158 engaged in significantly more protective, monitoring and distracting behaviours, even when controlling for the @entity1 's recent level of functioning. They also took more days off work due to their @entity1 's @entity158 . Parents who catastrophised more about their @entity1 's @entity158 engaged in significantly more protective and monitoring behaviours, even when controlling for the @entity1 's recent level of functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Parental behaviours in response to their @entity1 's @entity158 are significantly related to parental confidence in their @entity1 's coping and parental @entity158 -related catastrophising. Clinical interventions may benefit from addressing parental attitudes, especially their confidence in their @entity1 's ability to function.

title: The relationship between parental attitudes and behaviours in the context of paediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity548 from the pancreatic duct, or hemosuccus pancreaticus (HP), is an unusual cause of intermittent @entity360 . HP is most often diagnosed in @entity1 with chronic @entity788 , and is usually due to the rupture of an @entity439 in the splenic artery. The traditional treatment for HP is surgery, although most cases can be managed by angioembolization. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of HP in a @entity1 with no history or evidence of chronic @entity788 . Repeated endoscopy revealed @entity548 from the papilla of Vater. Angiography revealed an @entity438 , which was the suspected cause of the intermittent @entity548 from the pancreatic duct. Angiography demonstrated extravasation of contrast from the @entity439 . A peripheral Jostent stent-graft was hand-mounted on an angioplasty balloon and then inserted into the @entity439 . Arteriography revealed successful occlusion of the @entity439 with the stent-graft. No recurrent @entity360 was observed during the five years follow-up periods. CONCLUSION: HP should be included in the differential diagnosis of intermittent @entity360 in @entity1 with histories of @entity5882 , even when they do not have a history of chronic @entity788 . We recommend an interventional procedure with a metal stent for the initial treatment of HP.

title: Endovascular management of hemosuccus pancreaticus, a rare case report of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['fresh bleeding', 'bleeding', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5882 :: ('MESH:D006519', 'Disease') :: ['chronic alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm of the splenic artery']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several case reports and epidemiological studies have raised concern about the @entity734 potential of @entity4481 , the use of which has increased substantially over the last decade. @entity4481 is, in some cases, used for recreational purposes and it has incurred attention among drug abusers for causing euphoric and dissociative effects when taken in doses exceeding normal therapeutic dosages or used by alternative routes of administration, such as nasal insufflation or venous injection. The magnitude of the @entity734 potential and the mechanism behind it are not fully known. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present a systematic review of the data concerning the @entity734 potential of @entity4481 . METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search and reviewed the preclinical, clinical and epidemiological data on the @entity734 potential of @entity4481 . RESULTS: We included preclinical (n  =  17), clinical (n  =  19) and epidemiological (n  =  13) studies addressing the @entity734 potential of @entity4481 . We also reviewed case reports (n  =  9) concerning @entity734 of @entity4481 . The preclinical studies indicated that @entity4481 possesses modulatory effects on the @entity1246 and @entity3264 systems, leaving room for an @entity734 potential. Further, clinical studies reported euphoria as a frequent side effect in @entity1 treated with @entity4481 . The majority of case reports concerning @entity734 of @entity4481 involved @entity1 with a history of @entity734 and, similarly, epidemiological studies found evidence of @entity734 , especially among opiate abusers. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the available literature suggests an important clinical @entity734 potential of @entity4481 and prescribers should pay attention to signs of @entity734 , especially in @entity1 with a history of @entity734 .

title: Abuse Potential of XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['abuse', 'substance abuse']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['Pregabalin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previously we investigated the tissue factor (TF)-dependent coagulation pathway and key haemostatic cofactors in white @entity1 with @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) and suggested that plasma factor VII (FVII) levels can differentiate @entity1 with @entity1468 from healthy nonpregnant @entity1 or normal pregnant @entity1 , at the same trimester, with high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Here we re-examine the TF-dependent pathway in a large cohort of Brazilian @entity1 . A total of 240 @entity1 were studied. These included healthy nonpregnant @entity1 (n=79), normotensive pregnant @entity1 (n=80) and @entity1 with severe @entity1468 (n=81). Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure plasma FVII, activated factor VII (FVIIa), TF and @entity11524 ( @entity11524 ). All study @entity1 were matched for age. Pregnant @entity1 (with/without @entity1468 ) were matched for gestational age and parity. Plasma levels of FVII, FVIIa and @entity11524 were significantly increased in @entity1 with severe @entity1468 compared with healthy nonpregnant @entity1 (P<0.01) or normotensive pregnant @entity1 (P<0.01). FVIIa was also higher in normotensive pregnant @entity1 compared with nonpregnant @entity1 (P<0.01). However, no such significant trends were observed for plasma TF levels (P=0.074). In conclusion, circulating FVII, FVIIa and @entity11524 were significantly elevated in @entity1 with severe @entity1468 in the absence of comparable changes in plasma TF levels. The present work is in agreement with our previous report on FVII levels in white @entity1 with @entity1468 . Thus, this lends further support to the notion that plasma FVII levels are potentially valuable diagnostic marker for @entity1468 , irrespective of ethnicity.

title: Tissue factor-dependent pathway in severe XXXX revisited: a Brazilian cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity11524 :: ('7035', 'Gene') :: ['TFPI', 'tissue factor pathway inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'P-EC']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: @entity1118 , @entity508 , and @entity308 are three common secondary health problems experienced by @entity1 living with traumatic @entity1566 . Limited research exists related to the interaction of these symptoms and their cumulative effect on @entity1 outcomes and quality of life. This article is a report of an exploratory literature review that uses the conceptual approach of symptom clustering to classify secondary health problems in @entity1566 . CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published in English between 1990 and 2008. Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria for review. Studies were categorized by levels of evidence defined by the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses Clinical Practice Guidelines. Research on the interaction of the symptom pair chronic @entity158 and @entity308 was evident. Several surveys reported the occurrence of multiple symptoms, but none specifically addressed the management of the interactive effects of the symptom cluster chronic @entity158 , @entity508 , and @entity308 . Increased disciplinary knowledge of symptom clusters in the @entity1566 population is needed for research and practice. Furthermore, determining symptom clusters in this population may assist clinicians in providing targeted interventions to simultaneously treat multiple symptoms.

title: Symptom clusters in traumatic XXXX : an exploratory literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The aim of the study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a new surgical procedure, dumbbell-form resection (DFR), for @entity201 ( @entity201 ) with severe @entity1087 . In DFR, liver segments I, IVb, and partial V above the right hepatic pedicle are resected.Hemihepatectomy is recognized as the preferred procedure; however, its application is limited in HCCAs with severe @entity1087 .Thirty-eight @entity201 @entity1 with severe @entity1087 receiving DFR and 70 receiving hemihepatectomy from January 2008 to January 2013 were included. Perioperative parameters, operation-related morbidity and mortality, and post-operative survival were analyzed.A total of 21.1% @entity1 (8/38) in the DFR group received percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), which was significantly <81.4% (57/70) in the hemihepatectomy group. The TBIL was higher in the DFR group at operation (243.7 vs 125.6 mol/L, respectively). The remnant liver volume was significantly higher after DFR. The operation-related morbidity was significantly lower after DFR than after hemihepatectomy (26.3% vs 48.6%, respectively). None of the @entity1 died during the perioperative period after DFR, whereas 3 died after hemihepatectomy. There was no difference in margin status, histological grade, lymph-node involvement, and distant metastasis between the 2 groups. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates after DFR (68.4%, 32.1%, and 21.4%, respectively) showed no significant difference with those after hemihepatectomy (62.7%, 34.6%, and 23.3%, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that overall survival and recurrence after DFR demonstrated no significant difference compared with hemihepatectomy.DFR appears to be feasible for selected @entity201 @entity1 with severe @entity1087 . However, its indications should be restricted.

title: A New Surgical Procedure "Dumbbell-Form Resection" for Selected XXXX With Severe Jaundice: Comparison With Hemihepatectomy.

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['HCCA', 'hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['Hilar Cholangiocarcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the long-term value of high-dose @entity452 cardiac magnetic resonance (DCMR) for the prediction of @entity299 in a large cohort of @entity1 with known or suspected @entity453 . BACKGROUND: High-dose DCMR has been shown to be a useful technique for diagnosis and intermediate-term prognostic stratification. METHODS: Clinical data and DCMR results were analyzed in 1,463 consecutive @entity1 undergoing DCMR between 2000 and 2004. Ninety-four @entity1 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 1,369 @entity1 were followed up for a mean of 44    24 months. @entity299 , defined as @entity204 and nonfatal @entity583 , were related to clinical and DCMR results. RESULTS: Three-hundred fifty-two @entity1 underwent early revascularization (<= 3 months of DCMR) and were excluded from analysis. Of the remaining 1,017 @entity1 , 301 @entity1 (29.6%) experienced inducible @entity854 ( @entity854 ). Forty-six @entity299 were reported. In those with and without inducible @entity854 , the proportion of @entity1 with @entity299 was 8.0% versus 3.1%, respectively, p = 0.001 (hazard ratio: 3.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.8 to 5.9 for the presence of inducible @entity854 ; p < 0.001). A DCMR without inducible @entity854 carried an excellent prognosis, with a 6-year cardiac event-free survival of 96.8%. In all 1,369 @entity1 in the @entity1 group with stress-inducible @entity854 , those @entity1 with medical therapy demonstrated a trend to a higher cardiac event rate (8.0%) than those with early revascularization (5.4%) (p = 0.234). @entity1 with normal DCMR and medical therapy or early revascularization demonstrated similar cumulative cardiac event rates (3.1% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.964). CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of @entity1 , DCMR has an added value for predicting @entity299 during long-term follow-up, improving the differentiation between high-risk and low-risk @entity1 . @entity1 with inducible @entity854 and following early revascularization, demonstrate lower cardiac event rates than @entity1 with medical therapy alone.

title: Long-term prognostic value of XXXX stress CMR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['wall motion abnormalities', 'WMA']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'Cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Infection is a serious complication in vascular reconstructive surgery. When the entire graft is infected, its excision and subsequent replacement is the only option of treatment. In case of localised graft @entity281 in the groin, the vascular reconstruction can be saved using negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT). METHODS: Retrospective study design was used to evaluate the efficiency of NPWT in the treatment of infected inguinal wounds following arterial reconstructive surgery. The assessments included demographic @entity1 characteristics, causative agents, type of reconstruction and NPWT outcome. @entity2737 was graded based on the Szilagyi classification. @entity1 were followed-up for 12 months after the therapy. Complete wound healing, retained graft patency, and no clinical signs or laboratory evidence of @entity281 were regarded as successful results of treatment. RESULTS: Between 2009 and 2012, 20 @entity1 with @entity281 (Szilagyi II and III) following arterial reconstructive surgery were treated by NPWT. The @entity1 group included 12 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ; mean age was 68.1 years. Nine @entity1 underwent aorto-femoral arterial reconstructions (with vascular prosthesis in 8 cases), and surgery below the inguinal ligament was done in 11 @entity1 (with vascular prosthesis in 7 cases). Of the 20 @entity1 , early @entity281 within 30 days of surgery was recorded in 17 (85%) @entity1 ; Szilagyi grade III groin @entity281 with exposed prosthetic graft was found in 5 (25 %) @entity1 ( @entity281 : early, 4; late, 1). The causative agents isolated from the wound included @entity794 (n=8), @entity796 (n=5) and @entity526 (n=5). Mean NPWT duration was 12.7 days. Wound healing was achieved in 17 @entity1 (success rate, 85 %). @entity1 with early @entity281 showed the best outcomes (92.3%). CONCLUSION: Localised wound @entity281 in the groin after arterial surgery is a serious complication of arterial reconstruction procedures. In eligible @entity1 , such an @entity281 can be treated conservatively using NPWT. The method is most efficient in the management of @entity281 . @entity2737 with @entity796 or those with suture line exposure require special treatment. Long-term follow-up is necessary due to the risk of recurrent @entity281 . KEY WORDS: negative pressure wound therapy vascular prosthesis @entity281 groin.

title: [Management of groin wound XXXX after arterial surgery using negative-pressure wound therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection', 'Wounds infected']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep groin infection', 'infection', 'early infections', 'Szilagyi II infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity209 is associated with pathological remodeling of the heart and adjacent vessels. The early biochemical and cellular changes underlying the vascular damage are not fully understood. In this study, we sought to establish the nature, extent, and initial timeline of cytochemical derangements underlying reduced ventriculo-arterial compliance in a @entity1707 model of @entity209 . METHODS: Yorkshire @entity1707 (n = 8 per group) were fed a @entity4361 ( @entity4361 ) or a high- @entity165 ( @entity2914 ) for 12 weeks. Myocardial function and blood flow was assessed before harvesting the heart. Immuno-blotting and immuno-histochemical staining were used to assess the cellular changes in the myocardium, ascending aorta and left anterior descending artery (LAD). RESULTS: There was significant increase in body mass index, blood @entity413 and mean arterial pressures (p = 0.002, p = 0.001 and p = 0.024 respectively) in @entity2914 group. At the cellular level there was significant increase in anti-apoptotic factors p-Akt (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002) and Bcl-xL (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01) in the @entity2914 aorta and myocardium, respectively. Pro-fibrotic markers TGF-b (p = 0.01), pSmad1/5 (p = 0.03) and @entity9406 (p = 0.005) were significantly increased in the @entity2914 aorta. The levels of pro-apoptotic p38MAPK, @entity72820 and cleaved Caspase3 were significantly increased in aorta of @entity2914 (p = 0.03, p = 0.04 and p = 0.007 respectively). Similar changes in coronary arteries were not observed in either group. Functionally, the high @entity165 diet resulted in significant increase in ventricular end systolic pressure and-dp/dt (p = 0.05 and p = 0.007 respectively) in the @entity2914 group. CONCLUSION: Preclinical @entity209 initiates pro-apoptosis and pro- @entity82 pathways in the heart and ascending aorta, while sparing coronary arteries at this early stage of dietary modification.

title: Early Cellular Changes in the Ascending Aorta and Myocardium in a @entity1707 Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4361 :: ('MESH:C537354', 'Disease') :: ['normal diet', 'ND']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity209 is associated with pathological remodeling of the heart and adjacent vessels. The early biochemical and cellular changes underlying the vascular damage are not fully understood. In this study, we sought to establish the nature, extent, and initial timeline of cytochemical derangements underlying reduced ventriculo-arterial compliance in a @entity1707 model of @entity209 . METHODS: Yorkshire @entity1707 (n = 8 per group) were fed a @entity4361 ( @entity4361 ) or a high- @entity165 ( @entity2914 ) for 12 weeks. Myocardial function and blood flow was assessed before harvesting the heart. Immuno-blotting and immuno-histochemical staining were used to assess the cellular changes in the myocardium, ascending aorta and left anterior descending artery (LAD). RESULTS: There was significant increase in body mass index, blood @entity413 and mean arterial pressures (p = 0.002, p = 0.001 and p = 0.024 respectively) in @entity2914 group. At the cellular level there was significant increase in anti-apoptotic factors p-Akt (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002) and Bcl-xL (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01) in the @entity2914 aorta and myocardium, respectively. Pro-fibrotic markers TGF-b (p = 0.01), pSmad1/5 (p = 0.03) and @entity9406 (p = 0.005) were significantly increased in the @entity2914 aorta. The levels of pro-apoptotic p38MAPK, @entity72820 and cleaved Caspase3 were significantly increased in aorta of @entity2914 (p = 0.03, p = 0.04 and p = 0.007 respectively). Similar changes in coronary arteries were not observed in either group. Functionally, the high @entity165 diet resulted in significant increase in ventricular end systolic pressure and-dp/dt (p = 0.05 and p = 0.007 respectively) in the @entity2914 group. CONCLUSION: Preclinical @entity209 initiates pro-apoptosis and pro- @entity82 pathways in the heart and ascending aorta, while sparing coronary arteries at this early stage of dietary modification.

title: Early Cellular Changes in the Ascending Aorta and Myocardium in a XXXX Model of @entity209 .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Swine']


abstract: The objective of the present study was to assess the short-term effects of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection for refractory non-neurogenic @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) in the setting of a prospective multicenter clinical trial. Refractory @entity2182 was defined as persistent urgency urinary @entity322 (UUI) >=  once a week despite taking anticholinergic agents, or the incapability to continue the agents because of the adverse effects. A total of 100 U of BTX-A were reconstituted in 15 mL of normal saline and an aliquot of 0.5 mL was injected at 30 submucosal sites of the bladder wall. Nine @entity1 and eight @entity1 aged 67    12 years were included. Subjective daytime frequency, urgency and UUI significantly decreased after treatment. On a 3-day frequency-volume chart, the daytime and night-time frequency of UUI significantly decreased from 5.5 and 0.5 pre-injection to 2.0 and 0.3 postinjection, respectively. Daytime urinary @entity322 completely disappeared in six subjects. A urodynamic study showed the disappearance of detrusor overactivity in eight @entity1 and a decrease in five @entity1 . Maximum bladder capacity significantly increased from 179.9 to 267.3 mL. Difficulty on micturition or feeling of incomplete emptying was reported by 23.5% and 43.8% of @entity1 at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. Postvoid residual urine increased to >100 mL in seven @entity1 and >200 mL in one @entity1 after injection; however, none of the @entity1 required clean intermittent catheterization. These findings suggest promising efficacy of BTX-A in Japanese @entity2182 @entity1 .

title: Botulinum toxin A submucosal injection for refractory non-neurogenic XXXX : early outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder']


abstract: Epiregulin (EPR) is a broad specificity EGF family member that activates @entity470 and @entity12251 homodimers and all possible heterodimeric @entity470 complexes. We have previously shown that topical EPR enhances the repair of @entity19 excisional wounds. The purpose of this study was to determine whether EPR was more effective than EGF or TGFalpha in promoting in vitro wound closure and to compare the EPR induced signal transduction pathways with those activated by EGF and TGFalpha. Normal @entity1 epidermal keratinocytes or A431 cells were scratch wounded and treated for 24 h with varying doses of EPR, EGF or TGFalpha. Five-fold lower doses of EPR were significantly better than EGF or TGFalpha in stimulating in vitro wound closure. Mitomycin-c reduced EPR induced wound closure by 59%, versus a 9% and 25% decrease in EGF and TGFalpha induced closure. The @entity3963 /MAPK inhibitor PD-98059 decreased EPR induced wound closure by 88%. By contrast, the PLC inhibitor U-73122, only reduced the EPR induced response by 21%. Immunoblot analysis revealed that 2 nM EPR stimulated a six-fold increase in p-ERK1/2, whereas 10 nM EGF or TGFalpha stimulated only a 3- and 2.5-fold increase in p-ERK1/2. When compared with EGF or TGFalpha, EPR is a more potent and more effective inducer of in vitro wound closure due to its ability to promote significantly greater @entity3963 /MAPK activation.

title: Epiregulin is more potent than EGF or TGFalpha in promoting in vitro wound closure due to enhanced XXXX /MAPK activation.

answer: @entity3963 :: (5594,Gene) :: ['ERK']


abstract: From 1990 to 2004, the reported rates of @entity5163 (three or more loose stools or a greater than normal frequency in a 24-hour period) on cruise ships decreased 2.4%, from 29.2 cases per 100,000 travel days to 28.5 cases (1,2). Increased rates of acute @entity1902 ( @entity294 or @entity391 that is associated with loose stools, bloody stools, abdominal cramps, @entity10 , @entity121 , or @entity221 ) occurred in years that novel strains of norovirus, the most common etiologic agent in cruise @entity2708 outbreaks, emerged (3). To determine recent rates of @entity697 on cruise ships, CDC analyzed combined data for the period 2008-2014 that were submitted by cruise ships sailing in U.S. jurisdiction (defined as passenger vessels carrying >= 13 passengers and within 15 days of arriving in the United States) (4). CDC also reviewed laboratory data to ascertain the causes of @entity697 outbreaks and examined trends over time. During the study period, the rates of @entity697 per 100,000 travel days decreased among passengers from 27.2 cases in 2008 to 22.3 in 2014. Rates for crew members remained essentially unchanged (21.3 cases in 2008 and 21.6 in 2014). However, the rate of @entity697 was significantly higher in 2012 than in 2011 or 2013 for both passengers and crew members, likely related to the emergence of a novel strain of norovirus, GII.4 Sydney (5). During 2008-2014, a total of 133 cruise @entity2708 @entity697 outbreaks were reported, 95 (71%) of which had specimens available for testing. Among these, 92 (97%) were caused by norovirus, and among 80 norovirus specimens for which a genotype was identified, 59 (73.8%) were GII.4 strains. Cruise @entity2708 travelers experiencing @entity294 or @entity391 should report to the @entity2708 medical center promptly so that symptoms can be assessed, proper treatment provided, and control measures implemented.

title: Acute XXXX on Cruise Ships - United States, 2008-2014.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis illness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle aches']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal disease']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['Gastroenteritis']


abstract: Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, overexpressed in most @entity1 @entity5 and implicated in mitosis regulation and preservation of cell viability. In order to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of survivin in early-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), survivin mRNA levels and protein expression were evaluated, using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in a series of 83 @entity1 with stage I (IA and IB) surgically resected @entity1149 . Detectable survivin mRNA levels could be demonstrated in all non-neoplastic lung tissue samples and in the @entity5 analysed. Survivin mRNA levels were elevated in 80 @entity189 (96%) compared to normal lung (p = 0.008). Among all @entity5 , survivin transcripts were present at a higher level in @entity957 (p = 0.0022). Cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity was found in 70% and 80% of @entity5 , respectively and both were present in 54%. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity correlated with @entity5 stage (p = 0.019). Survivin expression levels did not correlate with @entity1 survival. In one specimen, cytoplasmic and focal nuclear immunostaining was observed in @entity1544 . These results document that survivin overexpression is almost always present in early-stage @entity1149 , suggesting that this protein may play a role in lung tumourigenesis. This ubiquitous expression makes survivin an appealing new target for novel therapies in @entity2 . In addition, this study also documents that survivin overexpression could be exploited for diagnostic purposes and that quantitative real-time RT-PCR can be a useful tool for evaluating survivin activation in @entity1149 .

title: Survivin gene expression in early-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic bronchial squamous metaplasia']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DC) are the professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, fully equipped to prime naive T cells and thus essential components for @entity5 immunotherapy. METHODS: We tested the influence of several elements (cPPT, trip, WPRE, @entity14062 ) on the transduction efficiency of @entity1 DC. @entity1 and @entity19 DC were transduced with tNGFR-encoding lentiviruses to assess the effect of transduction on phenotype and function. @entity1 DC were transduced with lentiviruses encoding huIi80MAGE-A3 and @entity19 DC with huIi80tOVA to test antigen presentation. RESULTS: A @entity14062 ( @entity14062 ) lentiviral vector containing the trip element was most efficient in transducing @entity1 DC. The transduction of DC with trip/ @entity14062 tNGFR encoding lentiviral vectors at MOI 15 resulted in stable gene expression in up to 94.6% ( @entity19 ) and 88.2% ( @entity1 ) of the mature DC, without perturbing viability, phenotype and function. @entity1 huIi80MAGE-A3-transduced DC were able to stimulate @entity5840 -specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell clones and could prime both @entity5840 -specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in vitro. @entity19 huIi80tOVA-transduced DC were able to present OVA peptides in the context of MHC class I and class II in vitro and induced a strong OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in vivo, that was protective against subsequent challenge with OVA-expressing @entity5 cells. CONCLUSIONS: We show that, using lentiviral vectors, efficient gene transfer in @entity1 and @entity19 DC can be obtained and that these DC can elicit antigen-specific immune responses in vitro and in vivo. The composition of the transfer vector has a major impact on the transduction efficiency.

title: Lentivirally transduced dendritic cells as a tool for XXXX immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14062 :: ('MESH:D012652', 'Disease') :: ['SIN', 'self-inactivating']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']