abstract: Endometriosis affects 2-50% of @entity1 at reproductive age. Surgery is an option for treatment, but there is no convincing evidence that it promotes a significant improvement in fertility. Also, the @entity43 might lead to a reduction in the follicular reserve and response to stimulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of previous ovarian surgery for @entity46 on the ovarian response in assisted reproduction treatment cycles and its pregnancy outcome. A total of 61 @entity1 , with @entity249 and previously having undergone ovarian surgery for @entity46 , who had received 74 IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles, were studied (study group). A further 74 @entity1 with @entity249 who underwent 77 IVF/ICSI cycles within#10; the same period of time, at the same clinic and without previous ovarian surgery or @entity46 were studied as a control group. @entity1 were matched for age and treatment performed. @entity1 </=35 years with previous ovarian surgery had fewer retrieved oocytes than the @entity1 in the control group (P = 0.049). The number of ampoules used for ovulation induction, duration of folliculogenesis; (days), number of follicles and fertilization rate was similar in both groups. The same was observed for pregnancy rates, with 24 @entity1 (53.3%) having had previous ovarian surgery and 27 (56.2%) in the control group becoming pregnant. @entity1 >35 years with previous ovarian surgery needed more ampoules for ovulation induction (P = 0.017) and had fewer follicles and oocytes than @entity1 in the control group (P = 0.001). Duration of folliculogenesis was similar in both groups, as was fertilization rate. A total of 10 @entity1 achieved pregnancy in the study group (34.5%) and 14 (48.3%) in the control group. Although a lower pregnancy rate was observed in @entity1 who had undergone previous ovarian surgery, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.424). In conclusion, ovarian surgery for the treatment of @entity46 reduces the ovarian outcome in IVF/ICSI cycles in @entity1 >35 years old, and might also decrease pregnancy rates. Therefore, for @entity249 @entity1 , non-surgical treatment might be a better option to avoid reduction of the ovarian response.

title: Effects of previous ovarian surgery for XXXX on the outcome of assisted reproduction treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile', 'primary infertility']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['removal of ovarian endometrioma']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanisms of the vasoprotective effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are not completely understood, and they may involve direct actions on blood vessels through modulation of endogenous vasoconstrictors and vasodilators. Most studies have focused on @entity172 action on @entity4770 and @entity842 , while insufficient data exist concerning the effect of @entity172 replacement therapy (ERT) on @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity1421 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of transdermal @entity172 therapy on @entity7 , @entity1421 and active @entity916 in normotensive postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: Transdermal @entity172 (Climara) (Schering): 50 microg @entity53 ) was given for 3 months to normotensive @entity1 with a surgically induced menopause, and serum levels of @entity7 , active @entity916 and @entity1421 were measured before and after treatment. In addition, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was carried out to determine the @entity172 action on mean diurnal and nocturnal systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. RESULTS: @entity53 treatment resulted in a significant increase in both @entity7 and @entity1421 . There was no significant change in active @entity916 levels. However, out- @entity1 monitoring showed a significant @entity551 (daytime, night-time and total 24-h). The stimulating action of ERT on @entity7 and @entity1421 suggests that both factors can elicit @entity172 vasodilatory effects. CONCLUSION: The @entity172 -mediated increase in serum @entity7 and @entity1421 concentrations may be a mechanism by which HRT benefits the cardiovascular system.

title: Effect of transdermal XXXX therapy on some vasoactive humoral factors and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in normotensive postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', '17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['fall in systolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanisms of the vasoprotective effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are not completely understood, and they may involve direct actions on blood vessels through modulation of endogenous vasoconstrictors and vasodilators. Most studies have focused on @entity172 action on @entity4770 and @entity842 , while insufficient data exist concerning the effect of @entity172 replacement therapy (ERT) on @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity1421 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of transdermal @entity172 therapy on @entity7 , @entity1421 and active @entity916 in normotensive postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: Transdermal @entity172 (Climara) (Schering): 50 microg @entity53 ) was given for 3 months to normotensive @entity1 with a surgically induced menopause, and serum levels of @entity7 , active @entity916 and @entity1421 were measured before and after treatment. In addition, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was carried out to determine the @entity172 action on mean diurnal and nocturnal systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. RESULTS: @entity53 treatment resulted in a significant increase in both @entity7 and @entity1421 . There was no significant change in active @entity916 levels. However, out- @entity1 monitoring showed a significant @entity551 (daytime, night-time and total 24-h). The stimulating action of ERT on @entity7 and @entity1421 suggests that both factors can elicit @entity172 vasodilatory effects. CONCLUSION: The @entity172 -mediated increase in serum @entity7 and @entity1421 concentrations may be a mechanism by which HRT benefits the cardiovascular system.

title: Effect of transdermal @entity172 therapy on some vasoactive humoral factors and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in normotensive postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity161 , impaired conscious retrieval of past events and facts may represent a selective cognitive @entity2414 against a background of a generalized @entity73 . We aimed to disentangle the neural subprocesses leading to this deficit applying the 'Remember/Know procedure'. METHOD: Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as 14 @entity161 @entity1 and 14 controls recognized an equal mixture of previously presented old and new words. For recognized old words, @entity1 were required to judge whether recognition was associated with recollection ('Remember') or familiarity ('Know'), either reflecting episodic or semantic memory. RESULTS: @entity1 showed a lack of 'Remember responses', which led to more opportunities to make 'Know responses'. ERPs for 'Remember' compared to 'New responses' differed consistently in controls over left temporo-parietal and right frontal electrode sites. Although @entity161 @entity1 showed the same topography for this Remember old/new effect, it was apparent over temporoparietal sites for only 800 ms and over right frontal sites for 1100 ms post-stimulus. For controls, the Know old/new effect was elicited over temporo-parietal sites between 500 and 800 ms. For @entity1 , it showed a widespread maximum over frontal sites between 500 and 1100 ms. CONCLUSIONS: The shorter time course of the left temporo-parietal Remember old/new effect suggests that the @entity1 ' episodic @entity2414 was possibly mediated by a dysfunction of the mediotemporal regions. The more widespread frontal Know old/new effect in the @entity1 suggests that the prefrontly mediated processes associated with retrieval of semantic memory may be enhanced compensatorily.

title: Remembering or knowing: electrophysiological evidence for an episodic XXXX in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological impairment']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment', 'deficit of declarative memory']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory deficit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity161 , impaired conscious retrieval of past events and facts may represent a selective cognitive @entity2414 against a background of a generalized @entity73 . We aimed to disentangle the neural subprocesses leading to this deficit applying the 'Remember/Know procedure'. METHOD: Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as 14 @entity161 @entity1 and 14 controls recognized an equal mixture of previously presented old and new words. For recognized old words, @entity1 were required to judge whether recognition was associated with recollection ('Remember') or familiarity ('Know'), either reflecting episodic or semantic memory. RESULTS: @entity1 showed a lack of 'Remember responses', which led to more opportunities to make 'Know responses'. ERPs for 'Remember' compared to 'New responses' differed consistently in controls over left temporo-parietal and right frontal electrode sites. Although @entity161 @entity1 showed the same topography for this Remember old/new effect, it was apparent over temporoparietal sites for only 800 ms and over right frontal sites for 1100 ms post-stimulus. For controls, the Know old/new effect was elicited over temporo-parietal sites between 500 and 800 ms. For @entity1 , it showed a widespread maximum over frontal sites between 500 and 1100 ms. CONCLUSIONS: The shorter time course of the left temporo-parietal Remember old/new effect suggests that the @entity1 ' episodic @entity2414 was possibly mediated by a dysfunction of the mediotemporal regions. The more widespread frontal Know old/new effect in the @entity1 suggests that the prefrontly mediated processes associated with retrieval of semantic memory may be enhanced compensatorily.

title: Remembering or knowing: electrophysiological evidence for an episodic @entity2414 in XXXX .

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extensive @entity190 in total knee replacement (TKR) surgery is well known and is associated with a high transfusion rate of allogenic blood. @entity927 ( @entity928 ) has been shown to reduce @entity190 by 50% in this @entity1 group, but only in cases with a perioperative loss of 1400-1800 ml. This study was performed to see if @entity928 offers any advantages in knee replacement surgery with @entity190 at 800 ml. METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 scheduled for TKR in spinal anesthesia with the use of a tourniquet, were randomized to @entity928 or non- @entity928 . @entity927 10 mg kg-1 was given at conclusion of surgery and again 3 h later. @entity190 was registered. RESULTS: @entity190 was at all times significantly lower in the @entity928 group compared to the non- @entity928 group (409.7+/-174.9 ml vs. 761.7+/-313.1 ml; P<0.001). There were no differences in coagulation parameters. No @entity1 in the @entity928 group had a blood transfusion vs. 13% in the non- @entity928 group (NS). No complications were registered in the two groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity928 significantly reduces @entity190 after total knee replacement surgery.

title: XXXX given intraoperatively reduces @entity190 after total knee replacement: a randomized, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Total blood loss', 'blood loss', 'Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['Tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['Tranexamic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extensive @entity190 in total knee replacement (TKR) surgery is well known and is associated with a high transfusion rate of allogenic blood. @entity927 ( @entity928 ) has been shown to reduce @entity190 by 50% in this @entity1 group, but only in cases with a perioperative loss of 1400-1800 ml. This study was performed to see if @entity928 offers any advantages in knee replacement surgery with @entity190 at 800 ml. METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 scheduled for TKR in spinal anesthesia with the use of a tourniquet, were randomized to @entity928 or non- @entity928 . @entity927 10 mg kg-1 was given at conclusion of surgery and again 3 h later. @entity190 was registered. RESULTS: @entity190 was at all times significantly lower in the @entity928 group compared to the non- @entity928 group (409.7+/-174.9 ml vs. 761.7+/-313.1 ml; P<0.001). There were no differences in coagulation parameters. No @entity1 in the @entity928 group had a blood transfusion vs. 13% in the non- @entity928 group (NS). No complications were registered in the two groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity928 significantly reduces @entity190 after total knee replacement surgery.

title: @entity927 given intraoperatively reduces XXXX after total knee replacement: a randomized, controlled study.

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: The present study was carried out in 12 @entity1 (7 males and 5 females) aged 16-56 years (mean age 35.9) with @entity2758 diagnosed in cerebral angiography. The examination was performed by means of ATL ULTRAMARK 9 with low-frequency (2MHz to 3MHz) transducer. Assessment was made of possibilities of imaging @entity2758 by transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography and of blood flow values in the studied intracranial arteries. Statistical analysis was applied of the following blood flow parameters: mean velocity, peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), pulsatility transmission index (PTI) and relative flow velocity (RFV). The @entity600 were imaged using TCCS in 9 (75%) @entity1 . In two-dimensional B mode image the @entity2695 displayed echogenicity similar to the surrounding brain parenchyma and could not be precisely delineated. The colour-coded imaging made possible depicting the image of the vessel loops in the @entity2758 nidus. In two other @entity1 the presence of @entity2695 was confirmed by blood flow disturbances in the feeder vessel: increased blood flow, decreased pulsatility and resistance indices, and collateral circulation. Collateralization by the contralateral internal carotid artery via the anterior communicating artery was disclosed in 9 cases. The TCCS results corresponded closely to angiographic findings. Collateral circulation via the posterior communicating artery ipsilateral to the @entity2758 was found in 3 of 5 @entity1 in whom it was diagnosed in cerebral angiography. Doppler findings in the @entity1 were similar to the conventional TCD examination. In the feeding vessels significant increase in blood flow velocity and decreased pulsatility and resistance indices was observed. RFV value for the end diastolic velocity was higher than RFV for the peak systolic velocity (p < 0.001) and mean velocity. These findings suggest that the increased end diastolic velocity in the feeding vessel is higher than the mean velocity and peak systolic velocity. It is thought that the TCCS can be successfully used in early diagnosis of @entity4798 and as an instrument in follow-up examination.

title: [Evaluation of blood supply dynamics and possibilities of cerebral arteriovenous malformations ( XXXX ) imaging by means of transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arterio-venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation', 'arteriovenous malformations', 'AVM']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['AVM']


abstract: Interferon has been reported to have differentiation promoting effects in certain model systems. Because of this and other potentially beneficial effects, a trial of recombinant alpha 2 interferon was undertaken in @entity2590 . The study population consisted of 14 @entity1 , subclassified as two @entity417 ( @entity417 ), one @entity417 ( @entity417 ), nine @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), and two @entity6130 ( @entity6130 ). The planned dosage schedule was 2.0 MU/M2 t.i.w. sc x 2 weeks q 4 weeks for at least two cycles. No @entity1 achieved the prospective remission criteria, which included sustained blood count improvements. Transient improvements of platelet counts of greater than 50% in baseline were noted in six @entity1 , and a transient antileukemic effect was noted in one @entity1 with @entity6130 . @entity2590 @entity1 were found to be sensitive to the count suppressing effects of alpha 2 interferon with greater than 25% suppression of granulocytes, platelets, or reticulocytes transiently noted in 11 @entity1 and decreasing bone marrow cellularity noted in two while on treatment. Because of these effects, dosage adjustments were frequently instituted in the @entity417 , @entity417 , and @entity7139 @entity1 . The average dosages and durations of treatment received were thus 1.48 MU/M2 x 19.4 injections for @entity1 with @entity417 , @entity417 , and @entity7139 and 2.25 MU/M2 x 27 injections for the @entity6130 @entity1 . Progression to @entity3052 or @entity7139 in transformation was noted in five @entity1 , and increasing @entity491 was noted in one @entity6130 @entity1 while on protocol. It cannot be determined at this time whether these transformations were accelerated by alpha 2 interferon or represent selection bias in this study population. Although some evidence of beneficial effects was noted, alpha 2 interferon in this dosage and schedule is not a useful treatment for @entity2590 .

title: A trial of recombinant alpha 2 interferon in the XXXX : I. Clinical results.

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['RA with excess blasts', 'RAEB']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['RA with ring sideroblasts', 'RARS', 'refractory anemia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelomonocytic leukemia', 'CMMoL']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'Myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: AIM: To study the effects of an application of @entity1216 varnish (40%) on dental plaque. DESIGN: Randomised controlled clinical trial. SUBJECTS: 40 @entity1 (50% females), aged 25-34 years after undergoing any necessary restorative treatment. Exactly one half of these individuals practiced good oral hygiene, the efforts of the others were poor. METHOD: Test groups received a @entity1216 varnish application, the control group received a placebo varnish. Initially and after 2 and 6 weeks, a modified Dentocult SM-test, @entity548 on probing, and a plaque index (Quigley-Hein) were recorded. RESULTS: In contrast to the control group, improvements in plaque index and @entity548 on probing scores were found in @entity1 with poor oral hygiene. The results of the Dentocult SM-tests showed a considerable reduction of @entity6586 colonisation. The test group with good oral hygiene showed only slight improvement of the examined indices after @entity1216 application. The index parameters of all @entity1 of the placebo groups remained unchanged over the examination time period. CONCLUSION: The application of a @entity1216 varnish reduced the quantity of the @entity6586 colonies significantly and improved clinical parameters in @entity1 with @entity409 .

title: Clinical and microbiological effects of local XXXX applications.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['streptococcus', 'Streptococcus mutans']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['elevated plaque accumulation']

answer: @entity1216 :: (MESH:D002710,Chemical) :: ['chlorhexidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 is the commonest cause of surgical admission in Papua New Guinea, accounting for around 30% of cases in Port Moresby and over 40% in the highlands. The abdomen is traumatized in about 10-15% of @entity130 cases. In malarial endemic areas the enlarged spleen is particularly prone to rupture although earlier studies showed that this injury can often be managed conservatively. AIM: To determine the pattern and outcome of @entity3511 in the two largest cities, Port Moresby and Lae, in the 1990s. METHODS: A retrospective study of 213 adult admissions for @entity1661 in Port Moresby and a prospective study of 98 adult @entity1661 @entity1 in Lae. In both centres @entity311 is endemic. Statistical analysis where appropriate was made using the chi2 test. RESULTS: @entity1661 was more likely to affect @entity1 outside the home and @entity1 in the home. Assault was responsible for 72% of cases of @entity1661 . @entity1 were assaulted by their husbands in two-thirds of cases. The spleen was the most likely organ to be injured, particularly in @entity130 . Road traffic accidents caused only 10% of admissions with @entity1661 . Most @entity1 were admitted with a single injury. @entity130 was managed nonoperatively in over 60% of cases. The negative laparotomy rate was 7% in Port Moresby and 20% in Lae, but negative laparotomy did not cause any @entity204 or extra morbidity. 17 @entity1 (5.5%) died, the highest case fatality rate being 29% in a group of 31 @entity1 with an injury severity score of 25 or greater. CONCLUSION: The pattern of @entity1661 reflects the culture of Papua New Guinea and the different spectrum of risks to @entity1 and @entity1 . Once @entity1 reach hospital they tend to do reasonably well although there is room for improvement, particularly with early assessment of the extent of the injury. The enlarged spleen is prone to injury and in those cases requiring laparotomy it is difficult to conserve. Many cases of ruptured spleen can be treated nonoperatively.

title: XXXX in urban Papua New Guinea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma', 'Abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'Splenic injury', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['Abdominal trauma']


abstract: THE AIMS OF OUR STUDY WERE: (1) to establish the normal limit of the heart rate variability (HRV) indices in a healthy population and in its four age-related subgroups, including a new HRV index, @entity299 ; and (2) to analyse the frequency and predictive @entity4297 in a population of post- @entity1188 @entity1 in respect to the cut-points chosen (raw or age-adjusted). METHODS: Normal population of 296 healthy subjects (81 f, 215 m, aged 47+/-10 years) and post- @entity1188 population of 298 @entity1 (>3 months after acute MI, 65 f, 233 m, aged 56+/-10) were examined. The normal population was divided into 4 subsets based on age at entry: <35, 35-44, 45-54 and >54 years. Based on a 24 h ECG the standard HRV analysis was performed to obtain the following indices: mean RR interval, SDNN and SDANN. A new index of HRV, @entity299 ( @entity299 , %) was calculated based on a numerical processing of the RR intervals return map. All @entity1 were followed for 24 months. The endpoints of the study were @entity204 (of any reason) and @entity204 . RESULTS: Means and normal limits for SDNN, SDANN and @entity299 were: 147+/-36 ms [95% CI 89-220], 136+/-36 ms [79-212] and 53+/-9% [35-68]. The HRV values below the lower normal limit (LNL) were observed in 20-25% of post-MI @entity1 . During a 2 year follow-up there were 36 deaths (total mortality 12.1%), while cardiac mortality was 9.1% (27 cases). The prognostic value of the analysed indices was similar (sens approximately 53-61%, spec approximately 79-84%, @entity2286 22-26%, NPV 93-94%) irrespective of the cut-points chosen (calculated either for the entire population or age-related). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that a decrease of any index below the LNL was associated with a approximately 2.5 and approximately 4-6 times greater risk for @entity204 and @entity204 , irrespective of the cut-points chosen. CONCLUSIONS: The age-dependence of the HRV indices does not seem to significantly influence their prognostic value. Thus, a single cut-point of a particular HRV index, based on the entire population, is sufficient to be treated as a risk predictor. In the late phase of @entity583 the value of any global HRV index lying below the lower normal limit indicates independently an increased risk of @entity204 , especially @entity204 . The new index ( @entity299 ) seems to be a promising substitute for currently used standard indices.

title: Age-adjustment of HRV measures and its prognostic value for risk assessment in @entity1 late after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HRV fraction', 'HRVF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['value of abnormally low HRV']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: THE AIMS OF OUR STUDY WERE: (1) to establish the normal limit of the heart rate variability (HRV) indices in a healthy population and in its four age-related subgroups, including a new HRV index, @entity299 ; and (2) to analyse the frequency and predictive @entity4297 in a population of post- @entity1188 @entity1 in respect to the cut-points chosen (raw or age-adjusted). METHODS: Normal population of 296 healthy subjects (81 f, 215 m, aged 47+/-10 years) and post- @entity1188 population of 298 @entity1 (>3 months after acute MI, 65 f, 233 m, aged 56+/-10) were examined. The normal population was divided into 4 subsets based on age at entry: <35, 35-44, 45-54 and >54 years. Based on a 24 h ECG the standard HRV analysis was performed to obtain the following indices: mean RR interval, SDNN and SDANN. A new index of HRV, @entity299 ( @entity299 , %) was calculated based on a numerical processing of the RR intervals return map. All @entity1 were followed for 24 months. The endpoints of the study were @entity204 (of any reason) and @entity204 . RESULTS: Means and normal limits for SDNN, SDANN and @entity299 were: 147+/-36 ms [95% CI 89-220], 136+/-36 ms [79-212] and 53+/-9% [35-68]. The HRV values below the lower normal limit (LNL) were observed in 20-25% of post-MI @entity1 . During a 2 year follow-up there were 36 deaths (total mortality 12.1%), while cardiac mortality was 9.1% (27 cases). The prognostic value of the analysed indices was similar (sens approximately 53-61%, spec approximately 79-84%, @entity2286 22-26%, NPV 93-94%) irrespective of the cut-points chosen (calculated either for the entire population or age-related). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that a decrease of any index below the LNL was associated with a approximately 2.5 and approximately 4-6 times greater risk for @entity204 and @entity204 , irrespective of the cut-points chosen. CONCLUSIONS: The age-dependence of the HRV indices does not seem to significantly influence their prognostic value. Thus, a single cut-point of a particular HRV index, based on the entire population, is sufficient to be treated as a risk predictor. In the late phase of @entity583 the value of any global HRV index lying below the lower normal limit indicates independently an increased risk of @entity204 , especially @entity204 . The new index ( @entity299 ) seems to be a promising substitute for currently used standard indices.

title: Age-adjustment of HRV measures and its prognostic value for risk assessment in XXXX late after @entity583 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the activity and safety of the combination of @entity1311 and pegylated liposomal @entity632 (Caelyx) in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a multicenter phase II study. Thirty-five newly diagnosed @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 were included in the study. Histological or cytological diagnosis was necessary for inclusion. Median age was 54 years (range 26-73 years). Fifteen @entity1 were premenopausal and 20 postmenopausal. @entity1311 was administered at a dose of 175 mg/m(2) and pegylated liposomal @entity632 35 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks for six cycles. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 (71%) responded. Six (17%) had a complete response, 19 (54%) had a partial response, four remained stable, two progressed and four were not evaluated for response due to discontinuation of chemotherapy. Three @entity1 had a pathologically complete response. A total of 173 cycles were administered. The primary @entity137 observed was @entity137 . Grade 3 @entity137 was noted in four @entity1 (11%). @entity5515 ( @entity5515 ) grade 3 was experienced by three (9%). Two @entity1 presented with @entity5515 and @entity137 . Hematological @entity137 included grade 3 @entity1431 in four @entity1 (3%). Other grade 3 @entity137 were uncommon and included only alopecia in 29 @entity1 (83%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity2359 was not observed in any @entity1 . Dose reduction was necessary in seven @entity1 ; in six due to @entity137 and in one due to @entity1398 . Four @entity1 discontinued treatment due to @entity137 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of pegylated liposomal @entity632 and @entity1311 was active in locally advanced @entity0 . The primary @entity137 was cutaneous @entity137 and it was manageable.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of pegylated liposomal XXXX (Caelyx) and @entity1311 in locally advanced @entity0 : a phase II study by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['PPE', 'Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the activity and safety of the combination of @entity1311 and pegylated liposomal @entity632 (Caelyx) in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a multicenter phase II study. Thirty-five newly diagnosed @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 were included in the study. Histological or cytological diagnosis was necessary for inclusion. Median age was 54 years (range 26-73 years). Fifteen @entity1 were premenopausal and 20 postmenopausal. @entity1311 was administered at a dose of 175 mg/m(2) and pegylated liposomal @entity632 35 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks for six cycles. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 (71%) responded. Six (17%) had a complete response, 19 (54%) had a partial response, four remained stable, two progressed and four were not evaluated for response due to discontinuation of chemotherapy. Three @entity1 had a pathologically complete response. A total of 173 cycles were administered. The primary @entity137 observed was @entity137 . Grade 3 @entity137 was noted in four @entity1 (11%). @entity5515 ( @entity5515 ) grade 3 was experienced by three (9%). Two @entity1 presented with @entity5515 and @entity137 . Hematological @entity137 included grade 3 @entity1431 in four @entity1 (3%). Other grade 3 @entity137 were uncommon and included only alopecia in 29 @entity1 (83%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity2359 was not observed in any @entity1 . Dose reduction was necessary in seven @entity1 ; in six due to @entity137 and in one due to @entity1398 . Four @entity1 discontinued treatment due to @entity137 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of pegylated liposomal @entity632 and @entity1311 was active in locally advanced @entity0 . The primary @entity137 was cutaneous @entity137 and it was manageable.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of pegylated liposomal @entity632 (Caelyx) and @entity1311 in locally advanced XXXX : a phase II study by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the activity and safety of the combination of @entity1311 and pegylated liposomal @entity632 (Caelyx) in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a multicenter phase II study. Thirty-five newly diagnosed @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 were included in the study. Histological or cytological diagnosis was necessary for inclusion. Median age was 54 years (range 26-73 years). Fifteen @entity1 were premenopausal and 20 postmenopausal. @entity1311 was administered at a dose of 175 mg/m(2) and pegylated liposomal @entity632 35 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks for six cycles. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 (71%) responded. Six (17%) had a complete response, 19 (54%) had a partial response, four remained stable, two progressed and four were not evaluated for response due to discontinuation of chemotherapy. Three @entity1 had a pathologically complete response. A total of 173 cycles were administered. The primary @entity137 observed was @entity137 . Grade 3 @entity137 was noted in four @entity1 (11%). @entity5515 ( @entity5515 ) grade 3 was experienced by three (9%). Two @entity1 presented with @entity5515 and @entity137 . Hematological @entity137 included grade 3 @entity1431 in four @entity1 (3%). Other grade 3 @entity137 were uncommon and included only alopecia in 29 @entity1 (83%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity2359 was not observed in any @entity1 . Dose reduction was necessary in seven @entity1 ; in six due to @entity137 and in one due to @entity1398 . Four @entity1 discontinued treatment due to @entity137 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of pegylated liposomal @entity632 and @entity1311 was active in locally advanced @entity0 . The primary @entity137 was cutaneous @entity137 and it was manageable.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of pegylated liposomal @entity632 (Caelyx) and XXXX in locally advanced @entity0 : a phase II study by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group.

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3505 Bran Fiber (WBF) trial was a double-blind, high-fiber versus low-fiber phase III intervention trial in which @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive a cereal fiber supplement of either 2.0 g/day or 13.5 g/day to assess whether a high-fiber supplement could decrease risk of recurrent @entity2513 . Although no effect of the supplement on polyp recurrence was observed, @entity1 consumed a baseline average of 17.5 grams of fiber per day, which may have been sufficient to protect against @entity652 . Therefore, we examined whether baseline fiber intake affected @entity2513 or modified the effect of treatment group in the WBF trial @entity1 . METHODS: Quartiles of baseline fiber intake were calculated on the basis of the distribution in the study population. Odds ratios (ORs) for @entity652 were calculated using the lowest quartile of fiber intake as the reference. The effect of fiber from specific food sources on @entity652 was also assessed. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) for @entity652 were 0.79 (0.56 to 1.12), 0.76 (0.54 to 1.08), and 0.83 (0.57 to 1.19) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. Fiber from the three primary food sources (fruits; breads, cereals and crackers; and vegetables) had no appreciable effect on @entity652 . Baseline fiber intake also had little effect on @entity652 when the population was stratified by treatment group. In addition, there was no interaction between treatment group and quartile of baseline fiber intake. CONCLUSIONS: No association was found between amount of fiber consumed at baseline and @entity652 in the WBF trial @entity1 . The baseline fiber intake, whether considered as a whole or from specific sources, did not modify the effect of treatment group.

title: Baseline dietary fiber intake and XXXX in the @entity3505 bran fiber randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas', 'colorectal adenoma recurrence']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma recurrence']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenoma recurrence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3505 Bran Fiber (WBF) trial was a double-blind, high-fiber versus low-fiber phase III intervention trial in which @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive a cereal fiber supplement of either 2.0 g/day or 13.5 g/day to assess whether a high-fiber supplement could decrease risk of recurrent @entity2513 . Although no effect of the supplement on polyp recurrence was observed, @entity1 consumed a baseline average of 17.5 grams of fiber per day, which may have been sufficient to protect against @entity652 . Therefore, we examined whether baseline fiber intake affected @entity2513 or modified the effect of treatment group in the WBF trial @entity1 . METHODS: Quartiles of baseline fiber intake were calculated on the basis of the distribution in the study population. Odds ratios (ORs) for @entity652 were calculated using the lowest quartile of fiber intake as the reference. The effect of fiber from specific food sources on @entity652 was also assessed. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) for @entity652 were 0.79 (0.56 to 1.12), 0.76 (0.54 to 1.08), and 0.83 (0.57 to 1.19) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. Fiber from the three primary food sources (fruits; breads, cereals and crackers; and vegetables) had no appreciable effect on @entity652 . Baseline fiber intake also had little effect on @entity652 when the population was stratified by treatment group. In addition, there was no interaction between treatment group and quartile of baseline fiber intake. CONCLUSIONS: No association was found between amount of fiber consumed at baseline and @entity652 in the WBF trial @entity1 . The baseline fiber intake, whether considered as a whole or from specific sources, did not modify the effect of treatment group.

title: Baseline dietary fiber intake and @entity2513 in the XXXX bran fiber randomized trial.

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: We have previously reported the formation of @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) clusters approximately 110 nm in diameter in hippocampal neurons in culture and in the intact adult brain, under conditions that simulate ischemic stress and increase [ @entity141 ](i) [Dosemeci et al. (2000) J. Neurosci. 20, 3076-3084; Tao-Cheng et al. (2001) Neuroscience 106, 69-78]. These observations suggest that @entity63 -like conditions that prevail during the dissection of brain tissue for the preparation of hippocampal slices could lead to the formation of CaMKII clusters. We now show by pre-embedding immuno-electron microscopy that, indeed, CaMKII clusters are present in the @entity1249 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices from adult @entity35 fixed immediately after dissection, and that the number of CaMKII clusters increases with the delay time between decapitation and fixation. Moreover, CaMKII clusters are typically localized near the endoplasmic reticulum. When acute slices are allowed to recover in oxygenated medium for 2 h, CaMKII clusters mostly disappear, indicating that clustering is reversible. Also, the postsynaptic density, another site for CaMKII accumulation under excitatory conditions, becomes thinner upon recovery. Treatment of recovered slices with high @entity972 for 90 s causes the re-appearance of CaMKII clusters in nearly all @entity1249 pyramidal cells examined. On the other hand, when dissociated hippocampal neurons in primary culture are exposed to the same depolarizing conditions, only approximately 25% of neurons exhibit CaMKII clusters, indicating a difference in the susceptibility of the neurons in culture and in acute slices to excitatory stimuli. Altogether these observations indicate that the effect of CaMKII clustering should be considered when interpreting experimental results obtained with hippocampal slices.

title: XXXX /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II clusters in adult @entity35 hippocampal slices.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: We have previously reported the formation of @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) clusters approximately 110 nm in diameter in hippocampal neurons in culture and in the intact adult brain, under conditions that simulate ischemic stress and increase [ @entity141 ](i) [Dosemeci et al. (2000) J. Neurosci. 20, 3076-3084; Tao-Cheng et al. (2001) Neuroscience 106, 69-78]. These observations suggest that @entity63 -like conditions that prevail during the dissection of brain tissue for the preparation of hippocampal slices could lead to the formation of CaMKII clusters. We now show by pre-embedding immuno-electron microscopy that, indeed, CaMKII clusters are present in the @entity1249 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices from adult @entity35 fixed immediately after dissection, and that the number of CaMKII clusters increases with the delay time between decapitation and fixation. Moreover, CaMKII clusters are typically localized near the endoplasmic reticulum. When acute slices are allowed to recover in oxygenated medium for 2 h, CaMKII clusters mostly disappear, indicating that clustering is reversible. Also, the postsynaptic density, another site for CaMKII accumulation under excitatory conditions, becomes thinner upon recovery. Treatment of recovered slices with high @entity972 for 90 s causes the re-appearance of CaMKII clusters in nearly all @entity1249 pyramidal cells examined. On the other hand, when dissociated hippocampal neurons in primary culture are exposed to the same depolarizing conditions, only approximately 25% of neurons exhibit CaMKII clusters, indicating a difference in the susceptibility of the neurons in culture and in acute slices to excitatory stimuli. Altogether these observations indicate that the effect of CaMKII clustering should be considered when interpreting experimental results obtained with hippocampal slices.

title: @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II clusters in adult XXXX hippocampal slices.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if low dose @entity5889 provides an adequate reduction in @entity158 with minimal side effects. METHODS: Prospective cohort of 115 @entity1 given @entity5889 by paramedics in Wales and the English borders. OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Mean total dose of @entity5889 administered, change in @entity158 score, time to adequate @entity158 relief (score below four), and change in respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure; (2) proportion of @entity1 continuing to suffer moderate to severe @entity158 on arrival at hospital; (3) incidence of adverse events. RESULTS: Full data were obtained for all @entity1 . The mean total dose of @entity5889 administered was 6.09 mg (range 2.5 to 12.5 mg). This was significantly higher in @entity130 than ischaemic @entity662 @entity1 (7.03 versus 5.13 mg). The mean reduction in @entity158 score was -3.97 (95% CI -4.38 to -3.57, p<0.001). The mean time to adequate @entity158 relief (where this was achieved) was 15.7 minutes (95% CI 13.4 to 17.9 minutes). On arrival at hospital 60% of @entity1 (n=69, 95% CI 50.9 to 68.5%) still met ambulance criteria for @entity1337 (70.7% of @entity130 @entity1 and 49.1% with ischaemic @entity662 ). Systolic blood pressure fell by a mean of -3.67 (95% CI -6.76 to -0.58, p=0.02) and respiratory rate increased by a mean of 1.63 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.17, p<0.001). Two @entity1 complained of @entity390 (1.74%, 95% CI 0.5 to 6.0%). No other adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Low dose @entity5889 results in few adverse events, but offers poor @entity158 control for a high proportion of @entity1 .

title: Hitting them where it hurts? Low dose XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity5889 :: ('MESH:D009266', 'Chemical') :: ['nalbuphine']

answer: @entity5889 :: (MESH:D009266,Chemical) :: ['nalbuphine']


abstract: Six-year survival of @entity82 was assessed in a series of 1155 consecutive @entity1 (751 @entity1 , 404 @entity1 ). Among the @entity1 , 33% were alcoholics and 18% were HBsAg positive; corresponding figures for the @entity1 were 15% and 6% respectively. Features of decompensation at first presentation were observed in 63% of the @entity1 . Six-year survival was 54% in compensated and 21% in decompensated @entity1 . No significant differences in survival were found between alcoholics and nonalcoholics. Leading causes of @entity204 were @entity1578 (49%), @entity157 (22%), and @entity548 (13%). The prognostic role of 21 variables was evaluated separately in compensated and decompensated @entity1 by the Cox's regression model. The following variables were found to be significant predictors of @entity204 risk in compensated @entity1 : male sex, HBsAg positivity, age, prothrombin time prolongation, and esophageal varices. In decompensated disease the significant indicators of @entity204 risk were: @entity157 , @entity75 , @entity548 , SGOT, esophageal varices, gamma globulins, prothrombin time prolongation, continued abuse of @entity167 , HBsAg positivity, @entity6811 , and cholinesterase. A simple prognostic index based upon the relative risk coefficient of the significant variables is suggested.

title: Survival and prognostic indicators in compensated and decompensated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6811 :: ('92086', 'Gene') :: ['gamma glutamyl transpeptidase']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: Presentation of a multicentric retrospective french study concerning 4,655 cases of @entity356 operated between 1980 and 1996. The mean age was 67.4 years old with a male predominance of 63.1%. @entity158 was the predominant presenting symptom (60%) followed by alteration of the general condition (44%) and @entity417 (20%). 35.5% of @entity5 were of distal, 18.8% of middle and 18.6% of proximal localisation. As @entity5 stages, 40% were of stage I,-II and 60% of stages III,-IV. Subtotal gastrectomy was realised in 44%, total radical gastrectomy in 42.1% and other surgical procedures in 14% of cases (proximal gastric resection or atypical resection). D1 lymphadenectomy was associated in 58.4% and D2 in 41.6%. Morbidity was of 23% and mortality of 11.9% which passed from 19% during the first (1980,-85) to 8% in the last interval of time (1990,-96). The 5 years survival was 41% in case of gastric resection. In univariate analysis the 5 years relative survival was better in female @entity1 (44% at 5 years), in @entity1 younger than 50 years old (46%), when @entity158 was the only clinical symptom (52.7%), in middle and distal third localisation (47%), in case of subtotal distal resection (47%) and in less advanced stages (79% at 5 years for @entity5 ). In multivariate analysis the 5 years survival was essentially correlated to the stage of the @entity5 and no real prognosis improvement was shown during the period of the study.

title: XXXX : the French survey.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'regard cancer', 'stage I cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Type 2 @entity6 is associated with accelerated @entity731 . Because cell-derived microparticles support coagulation and @entity32 , they may be involved in atherogenesis. We characterized circulating microparticles both in @entity1 with uncomplicated, well-regulated type 2 @entity6 and in healthy subjects, as well as their relationship with coagulation and metabolic control. METHODS AND RESULTS: Microparticles were isolated from plasma, stained with @entity4404 , cell-specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and a MoAb directed against tissue factor (TF), and analyzed by flow cytometry. Microparticle numbers and origin were comparable in the two groups, but the median number of TF-positive microparticles was twice as high in @entity1 than in controls (P=0.018). @entity1 had higher percentages of TF-positive microparticles from T-helper cells (P=0.045), granulocytes (P=0.004), and platelets (P=0.002). Subpopulations of TF-positive microparticles from platelets and T-helper cells exposed granulocytic markers. Correlations were found between the numbers of various TF-positive microparticle subpopulations and body mass index, fasting plasma @entity413 and insulin, or @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha and serum HDL @entity165 . Microparticles from @entity1 generated less thrombin in vitro (P=0.007). Microparticle numbers did not correlate with in vivo coagulation markers prothrombin fragment F(1+2) and thrombin-antithrombin complexes. CONCLUSIONS: TF, possibly of granulocytic origin, is exposed on microparticle subpopulations in asymptomatic @entity1 with well-regulated type 2 @entity6 . TF-positive microparticles are associated with components of the @entity209 but not with coagulation. Thus, TF on microparticles may be involved in processes other than coagulation, including transcellular signaling or angiogenesis.

title: Elevated numbers of tissue-factor exposing microparticles correlate with components of the @entity209 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Type 2 @entity6 is associated with accelerated @entity731 . Because cell-derived microparticles support coagulation and @entity32 , they may be involved in atherogenesis. We characterized circulating microparticles both in @entity1 with uncomplicated, well-regulated type 2 @entity6 and in healthy subjects, as well as their relationship with coagulation and metabolic control. METHODS AND RESULTS: Microparticles were isolated from plasma, stained with @entity4404 , cell-specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and a MoAb directed against tissue factor (TF), and analyzed by flow cytometry. Microparticle numbers and origin were comparable in the two groups, but the median number of TF-positive microparticles was twice as high in @entity1 than in controls (P=0.018). @entity1 had higher percentages of TF-positive microparticles from T-helper cells (P=0.045), granulocytes (P=0.004), and platelets (P=0.002). Subpopulations of TF-positive microparticles from platelets and T-helper cells exposed granulocytic markers. Correlations were found between the numbers of various TF-positive microparticle subpopulations and body mass index, fasting plasma @entity413 and insulin, or @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha and serum HDL @entity165 . Microparticles from @entity1 generated less thrombin in vitro (P=0.007). Microparticle numbers did not correlate with in vivo coagulation markers prothrombin fragment F(1+2) and thrombin-antithrombin complexes. CONCLUSIONS: TF, possibly of granulocytic origin, is exposed on microparticle subpopulations in asymptomatic @entity1 with well-regulated type 2 @entity6 . TF-positive microparticles are associated with components of the @entity209 but not with coagulation. Thus, TF on microparticles may be involved in processes other than coagulation, including transcellular signaling or angiogenesis.

title: Elevated numbers of tissue-factor exposing microparticles correlate with components of the XXXX in @entity6 .

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: Cationic antimicrobial peptides play important roles in innate immunity. Compared with extensive studies on peptide-bacteria interactions, little is known about peptide- @entity1 cell interactions. Using @entity1 @entity2622 HeLa and fibroblastic TM12 cells, we investigated the cellular uptake of fluorescent analogues of the two representative antimicrobial peptides magainin 2 and buforin 2 in comparison with the representative Arg-rich cell-penetrating Tat-(47-57) peptide (YGRKKRRQRRR). The dose, time, temperature, and energy dependence of translocation suggested that the three peptides cross cell membranes through different mechanisms. The magainin peptide was internalized within a time scale of tens of minutes. The cooperative concentration dependence of uptake suggested that the peptide forms a pore as an intermediate similar to the observations in model membranes. Furthermore, the translocation was coupled with @entity137 , which was larger for @entity5 HeLa cells. In contrast, the buforin peptide translocated within 10 min by a temperature-independent, less concentration-dependent passive mechanism without showing any significant @entity137 at the highest concentration investigated (100 microm). The uptake of the Tat peptide was proportional to the peptide concentration, and the concentration dependence was lost upon ATP depletion. The peptide exhibited a moderate @entity137 at higher concentrations. The time course did not show saturation even after 120 min. The buforin peptide, covalently attached to the 28-kDa green fluorescent protein, also entered cells, suggesting a potency of the peptide as a vector for macromolecular delivery into cells. However, the mechanism appeared to be different from that of the parent peptide.

title: Translocation of analogues of the antimicrobial peptides magainin and buforin across XXXX cell membranes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Both @entity4878 and the @entity5 promoter @entity864 ( @entity865 ) inhibit expression of the differentiated phenotype by @entity95 costal chondrocytes in culture, as judged by morphological changes and decreased sulfation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). However, the inhibition of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes in @entity865 -treated cells is restored by parathyroid hormone ( @entity44225 ), while the inhibition by @entity4878 is not [Takigawa et al. (1982) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 42, 145-153; Takigawa et al. (1983) Cell Differ. 13, 283-291]. In the present study, we examined the difference between @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and @entity1968 -treated chondrocytes to determine the mechanism of the restoration of the differentiated phenotype in de-differentiated cells treated with @entity865 . @entity44225 increased the activity of @entity7222 decarboxylase [ODC; EC 4.1.1.17], a rate limiting enzyme of @entity4664 biosynthesis, and proteoglycan synthesis in chondrocytes pretreated with @entity865 as well as in normal chondrocytes. The maximal stimulations of ODC activity and GAG synthesis were observed 4 h and 24-36 h, respectively, after addition of @entity44225 . The dose-response curve for ODC induction by @entity44225 was parallel to that of @entity44225 -stimulated proteoglycan synthesis both in @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and in normal chondrocytes. @entity44225 also increased the intracellular @entity1919 level after 2 min in @entity865 -treated cells as in normal cells. Addition of @entity5393 ( @entity5393 ) induced ODC and restored proteoglycan synthesis in @entity865 -treated cells. The dose-response curve for induction of ODC by @entity5393 was parallel to that of @entity5393 -stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in both @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and normal chondrocytes. On the other hand, the increases by @entity44225 in the intracellular @entity1919 level, ODC activity, and proteoglycan synthesis were inhibited in chondrocytes pretreated with a combination of @entity865 and @entity1968 as well as in those pretreated with @entity1968 alone. @entity865 stimulated the syntheses of DNA and RNA in chondrocytes but did not increase the @entity1919 level or ODC activity. @entity44225 and @entity5393 inhibited the syntheses of DNA and RNA both in @entity865 -treated cells and in normal cells. These results suggest that ODC induction mediated by elevation of @entity1919 plays an important role in re-differentiation of de-differentiated cells pretreated with these agents.

title: Comparison of inhibition by a @entity5 promoter ( XXXX ) of expression of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes in @entity95 costal chondrocytes in culture with inhibition by @entity1968 .

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['DBcAMP', 'dibutyryl cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity864 :: (MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']


abstract: Both @entity4878 and the @entity5 promoter @entity864 ( @entity865 ) inhibit expression of the differentiated phenotype by @entity95 costal chondrocytes in culture, as judged by morphological changes and decreased sulfation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). However, the inhibition of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes in @entity865 -treated cells is restored by parathyroid hormone ( @entity44225 ), while the inhibition by @entity4878 is not [Takigawa et al. (1982) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 42, 145-153; Takigawa et al. (1983) Cell Differ. 13, 283-291]. In the present study, we examined the difference between @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and @entity1968 -treated chondrocytes to determine the mechanism of the restoration of the differentiated phenotype in de-differentiated cells treated with @entity865 . @entity44225 increased the activity of @entity7222 decarboxylase [ODC; EC 4.1.1.17], a rate limiting enzyme of @entity4664 biosynthesis, and proteoglycan synthesis in chondrocytes pretreated with @entity865 as well as in normal chondrocytes. The maximal stimulations of ODC activity and GAG synthesis were observed 4 h and 24-36 h, respectively, after addition of @entity44225 . The dose-response curve for ODC induction by @entity44225 was parallel to that of @entity44225 -stimulated proteoglycan synthesis both in @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and in normal chondrocytes. @entity44225 also increased the intracellular @entity1919 level after 2 min in @entity865 -treated cells as in normal cells. Addition of @entity5393 ( @entity5393 ) induced ODC and restored proteoglycan synthesis in @entity865 -treated cells. The dose-response curve for induction of ODC by @entity5393 was parallel to that of @entity5393 -stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in both @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and normal chondrocytes. On the other hand, the increases by @entity44225 in the intracellular @entity1919 level, ODC activity, and proteoglycan synthesis were inhibited in chondrocytes pretreated with a combination of @entity865 and @entity1968 as well as in those pretreated with @entity1968 alone. @entity865 stimulated the syntheses of DNA and RNA in chondrocytes but did not increase the @entity1919 level or ODC activity. @entity44225 and @entity5393 inhibited the syntheses of DNA and RNA both in @entity865 -treated cells and in normal cells. These results suggest that ODC induction mediated by elevation of @entity1919 plays an important role in re-differentiation of de-differentiated cells pretreated with these agents.

title: Comparison of inhibition by a @entity5 promoter ( @entity864 ) of expression of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes in @entity95 costal chondrocytes in culture with inhibition by XXXX .

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: Both @entity4878 and the @entity5 promoter @entity864 ( @entity865 ) inhibit expression of the differentiated phenotype by @entity95 costal chondrocytes in culture, as judged by morphological changes and decreased sulfation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). However, the inhibition of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes in @entity865 -treated cells is restored by parathyroid hormone ( @entity44225 ), while the inhibition by @entity4878 is not [Takigawa et al. (1982) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 42, 145-153; Takigawa et al. (1983) Cell Differ. 13, 283-291]. In the present study, we examined the difference between @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and @entity1968 -treated chondrocytes to determine the mechanism of the restoration of the differentiated phenotype in de-differentiated cells treated with @entity865 . @entity44225 increased the activity of @entity7222 decarboxylase [ODC; EC 4.1.1.17], a rate limiting enzyme of @entity4664 biosynthesis, and proteoglycan synthesis in chondrocytes pretreated with @entity865 as well as in normal chondrocytes. The maximal stimulations of ODC activity and GAG synthesis were observed 4 h and 24-36 h, respectively, after addition of @entity44225 . The dose-response curve for ODC induction by @entity44225 was parallel to that of @entity44225 -stimulated proteoglycan synthesis both in @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and in normal chondrocytes. @entity44225 also increased the intracellular @entity1919 level after 2 min in @entity865 -treated cells as in normal cells. Addition of @entity5393 ( @entity5393 ) induced ODC and restored proteoglycan synthesis in @entity865 -treated cells. The dose-response curve for induction of ODC by @entity5393 was parallel to that of @entity5393 -stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in both @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and normal chondrocytes. On the other hand, the increases by @entity44225 in the intracellular @entity1919 level, ODC activity, and proteoglycan synthesis were inhibited in chondrocytes pretreated with a combination of @entity865 and @entity1968 as well as in those pretreated with @entity1968 alone. @entity865 stimulated the syntheses of DNA and RNA in chondrocytes but did not increase the @entity1919 level or ODC activity. @entity44225 and @entity5393 inhibited the syntheses of DNA and RNA both in @entity865 -treated cells and in normal cells. These results suggest that ODC induction mediated by elevation of @entity1919 plays an important role in re-differentiation of de-differentiated cells pretreated with these agents.

title: Comparison of inhibition by a @entity5 promoter ( @entity864 ) of expression of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes in XXXX costal chondrocytes in culture with inhibition by @entity1968 .

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Both @entity4878 and the @entity5 promoter @entity864 ( @entity865 ) inhibit expression of the differentiated phenotype by @entity95 costal chondrocytes in culture, as judged by morphological changes and decreased sulfation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). However, the inhibition of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes in @entity865 -treated cells is restored by parathyroid hormone ( @entity44225 ), while the inhibition by @entity4878 is not [Takigawa et al. (1982) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 42, 145-153; Takigawa et al. (1983) Cell Differ. 13, 283-291]. In the present study, we examined the difference between @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and @entity1968 -treated chondrocytes to determine the mechanism of the restoration of the differentiated phenotype in de-differentiated cells treated with @entity865 . @entity44225 increased the activity of @entity7222 decarboxylase [ODC; EC 4.1.1.17], a rate limiting enzyme of @entity4664 biosynthesis, and proteoglycan synthesis in chondrocytes pretreated with @entity865 as well as in normal chondrocytes. The maximal stimulations of ODC activity and GAG synthesis were observed 4 h and 24-36 h, respectively, after addition of @entity44225 . The dose-response curve for ODC induction by @entity44225 was parallel to that of @entity44225 -stimulated proteoglycan synthesis both in @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and in normal chondrocytes. @entity44225 also increased the intracellular @entity1919 level after 2 min in @entity865 -treated cells as in normal cells. Addition of @entity5393 ( @entity5393 ) induced ODC and restored proteoglycan synthesis in @entity865 -treated cells. The dose-response curve for induction of ODC by @entity5393 was parallel to that of @entity5393 -stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in both @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and normal chondrocytes. On the other hand, the increases by @entity44225 in the intracellular @entity1919 level, ODC activity, and proteoglycan synthesis were inhibited in chondrocytes pretreated with a combination of @entity865 and @entity1968 as well as in those pretreated with @entity1968 alone. @entity865 stimulated the syntheses of DNA and RNA in chondrocytes but did not increase the @entity1919 level or ODC activity. @entity44225 and @entity5393 inhibited the syntheses of DNA and RNA both in @entity865 -treated cells and in normal cells. These results suggest that ODC induction mediated by elevation of @entity1919 plays an important role in re-differentiation of de-differentiated cells pretreated with these agents.

title: Comparison of inhibition by a XXXX promoter ( @entity864 ) of expression of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes in @entity95 costal chondrocytes in culture with inhibition by @entity1968 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity1 monocytic @entity5 cells of the U937 cell line contain substantial quantities of two neutrophil neutral proteinases, elastase and @entity3921 , raising the question of whether their presence reflects an expression of transformation or whether normal monocytes undergo a developmental stage in which they produce certain neutrophil proteinases. To address this issue, we examined U937 cells for production of collagenase, since @entity1 alveolar macrophages release fibroblast-like collagenase, an enzyme that is distinct from neutrophil collagenase. Using an immunoassay that utilized antibody to skin fibroblast collagenase, we found that U937 cells secreted barely detectable quantities of enzyme, 10-12 ng/10(6) cells per 24 h, under basal conditions. Upon incubation with 10 nM @entity864 ( @entity865 ), however, collagenase release increased 200-fold, comparable to the amount secreted by @entity10757 -stimulated @entity1 fibroblasts. @entity209 and immunoprecipitation confirmed the enhanced synthesis of U937 cell collagenase upon @entity865 exposure. This enzyme activity further resembled fibroblast collagenase and differed from neutrophil collagenase by exhibiting preferential cleavage of monomeric type III collagen relative to type I. As previously observed with @entity1 alveolar macrophages, U937 cells also released a protein identical to the @entity2843 produced by @entity1 skin fibroblasts, a molecule not associated with neutrophils. Release of this inhibitor increased 10-fold with @entity865 exposure. In contrast to collagenase and collagense inhibitor, @entity865 -treated U937 cells contained only 10-15% as much elastase and @entity3921 activities as control cells. Thus, @entity865 -induced differentiation modified the presence of these enzymes in the direction of their content in normal monocytes. Since the neutral proteinase profile of undifferentiated U937 cells resembles that of neutrophils and changes markedly after cellular differentiation to one that is characteristic of monocytes, these data suggest that neutrophilic proteinases may be produced by normal monocytes during the early stages of their differentiation.

title: XXXX -differentiated U937 cells express a macrophage-like profile of neutral proteinases. High levels of secreted collagenase and @entity2843 accompany low levels of intracellular elastase and @entity3921 .

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['collagenase inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic labeling']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity864 :: (MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-o-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate']


abstract: @entity1 monocytic @entity5 cells of the U937 cell line contain substantial quantities of two neutrophil neutral proteinases, elastase and @entity3921 , raising the question of whether their presence reflects an expression of transformation or whether normal monocytes undergo a developmental stage in which they produce certain neutrophil proteinases. To address this issue, we examined U937 cells for production of collagenase, since @entity1 alveolar macrophages release fibroblast-like collagenase, an enzyme that is distinct from neutrophil collagenase. Using an immunoassay that utilized antibody to skin fibroblast collagenase, we found that U937 cells secreted barely detectable quantities of enzyme, 10-12 ng/10(6) cells per 24 h, under basal conditions. Upon incubation with 10 nM @entity864 ( @entity865 ), however, collagenase release increased 200-fold, comparable to the amount secreted by @entity10757 -stimulated @entity1 fibroblasts. @entity209 and immunoprecipitation confirmed the enhanced synthesis of U937 cell collagenase upon @entity865 exposure. This enzyme activity further resembled fibroblast collagenase and differed from neutrophil collagenase by exhibiting preferential cleavage of monomeric type III collagen relative to type I. As previously observed with @entity1 alveolar macrophages, U937 cells also released a protein identical to the @entity2843 produced by @entity1 skin fibroblasts, a molecule not associated with neutrophils. Release of this inhibitor increased 10-fold with @entity865 exposure. In contrast to collagenase and collagense inhibitor, @entity865 -treated U937 cells contained only 10-15% as much elastase and @entity3921 activities as control cells. Thus, @entity865 -induced differentiation modified the presence of these enzymes in the direction of their content in normal monocytes. Since the neutral proteinase profile of undifferentiated U937 cells resembles that of neutrophils and changes markedly after cellular differentiation to one that is characteristic of monocytes, these data suggest that neutrophilic proteinases may be produced by normal monocytes during the early stages of their differentiation.

title: @entity864 -differentiated U937 cells express a macrophage-like profile of neutral proteinases. High levels of secreted collagenase and XXXX accompany low levels of intracellular elastase and @entity3921 .

answer: @entity2843 :: (7076,Gene) :: ['collagenase inhibitor']


abstract: @entity1 monocytic @entity5 cells of the U937 cell line contain substantial quantities of two neutrophil neutral proteinases, elastase and @entity3921 , raising the question of whether their presence reflects an expression of transformation or whether normal monocytes undergo a developmental stage in which they produce certain neutrophil proteinases. To address this issue, we examined U937 cells for production of collagenase, since @entity1 alveolar macrophages release fibroblast-like collagenase, an enzyme that is distinct from neutrophil collagenase. Using an immunoassay that utilized antibody to skin fibroblast collagenase, we found that U937 cells secreted barely detectable quantities of enzyme, 10-12 ng/10(6) cells per 24 h, under basal conditions. Upon incubation with 10 nM @entity864 ( @entity865 ), however, collagenase release increased 200-fold, comparable to the amount secreted by @entity10757 -stimulated @entity1 fibroblasts. @entity209 and immunoprecipitation confirmed the enhanced synthesis of U937 cell collagenase upon @entity865 exposure. This enzyme activity further resembled fibroblast collagenase and differed from neutrophil collagenase by exhibiting preferential cleavage of monomeric type III collagen relative to type I. As previously observed with @entity1 alveolar macrophages, U937 cells also released a protein identical to the @entity2843 produced by @entity1 skin fibroblasts, a molecule not associated with neutrophils. Release of this inhibitor increased 10-fold with @entity865 exposure. In contrast to collagenase and collagense inhibitor, @entity865 -treated U937 cells contained only 10-15% as much elastase and @entity3921 activities as control cells. Thus, @entity865 -induced differentiation modified the presence of these enzymes in the direction of their content in normal monocytes. Since the neutral proteinase profile of undifferentiated U937 cells resembles that of neutrophils and changes markedly after cellular differentiation to one that is characteristic of monocytes, these data suggest that neutrophilic proteinases may be produced by normal monocytes during the early stages of their differentiation.

title: @entity864 -differentiated U937 cells express a macrophage-like profile of neutral proteinases. High levels of secreted collagenase and @entity2843 accompany low levels of intracellular elastase and XXXX .

answer: @entity3921 :: (1511,Gene) :: ['cathepsin G']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In healthy subjects self-regulation of the organism establishes the order of rhythmical functions. This self-regulation is altered in @entity1 suffering from @entity43382 resulting from disturbances of functional aspects only. Thus the @entity1576 , which may serve as the representative of the order of rhythmical functions, is modified. OBJECTIVE: In the case of @entity43382 the anthroposophic medicine offers the medicament Cardiodoron(r). Does it stimulate self-regulation in order to normalise the @entity1576 ? MATERIAL AND METHODS: This claim is analysed by a systematic review of the literature. Only those publications were considered where the @entity1576 was analysed in studies with @entity1 or healthy subjects. RESULTS: The methods of the studies with @entity1 and healthy subjects vary strongly. Nevertheless, a normalisation of the @entity1576 could be found in studies with @entity1 suffering from @entity43382 as well as in studies with healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: The studies show that the use of the medicament results in a normalisation of the @entity2055 . By stimulating the self-regulation the medicament leads to an improvement of the order of rhythmical functions in the @entity1 organism.

title: [The effects of Cardiodoron on XXXX --a literature review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43382 :: ('MESH:C544351', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic orthostatic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-respiratory coordination']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory coordination']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['cardio-respiratory coordination']


abstract: @entity9009 ( @entity9009 ) appears to increase with heart weight, body surface area, and the presence of vacuolated fat cells within the @entity955 . The increased thickness of the @entity955 is an infrequently observed but readily recognized entity by echocardiography. Several reports have suggested that some @entity943 , particularly those of atrial origin, may be a consequence of this fatty deposition. However, to date, no study has correlated the presence of @entity955 with @entity9009 in the elderly. This is of particular importance as this rhythm is so prevalent in this population. Accordingly, a retrospective analysis was conducted in a group of 40 @entity1 , age 65 and older, to measure @entity9009 using transthoracic echocardiography. Furthermore, measurements of right and left atrial size, body surface area, left ventricular wall thickness, and left ventricular ejection fraction were recorded. Group I consisted of 20 @entity1 with known @entity955 (eight males and 12 females; mean age 78+/-8 years) and group II consisted of 20 @entity1 in normal sinus rhythm (three males and 17 females; mean age 74+/-6 years). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of body surface area (1.83 vs. 1.79 m2; p<0.78); left ventricular wall thickness (1.16 vs. 1.12 cm; p<0.58); and left ventricular ejection fraction (48% vs. 55%; p<0.17). Group I had somewhat larger right atrial (4.2 vs. 3.4 cm; p<0.001) and left atrial (4.7 vs. 4.1 cm; p<0.02) dimensions than group II. Furthermore, @entity9009 was found to be the most significant variable that differentiated @entity1 with @entity955 from @entity1 with normal sinus rhythm (1.39 vs. 0.85 cm; p<0.0001). Even after adjusting for all the covariables, @entity9009 remained statistically significant (p<0.0001). The findings of this pilot study show a strong correlation between @entity9009 and @entity955 . Although the stimulus for the increased thickness of the @entity955 remains elusive, @entity9009 may identify a structural cause for @entity955 in elderly @entity1 that is easily identified by transthoracic echocardiography.

title: Is the presence of interatrial septal hypertrophy a marker for XXXX in the elderly?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['IST', 'Interatrial septal thickness']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial septum']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Detection of mobile @entity715 of the thoracic aorta has become increasingly common thanks to routine exploration using transesophageal echography (TEE) after any embolic event. Although the indication for treatment remains controversial, there is a growing interest in understanding this potential source of arterial emboli and in defining proper diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of different diagnostic and therapeutic modalities used in our department over the last 6 years. Between 1995 and 2000, mobile @entity715 of the thoracic aorta was diagnosed in 9 @entity1 (5 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 49.2 years (range, 28 to 68 years). In all @entity1 , aortic @entity715 was suspected after a peripheral (n = 4) or cerebral (n = 5) vascular event. Treatment using intravenous heparin was attempted in all @entity1 and allowed complete dissolution of @entity715 in four. In the remaining five @entity1 , repeat TEE demonstrated persistent @entity715 and operative treatment was undertaken. In three @entity1 with @entity715 in the aortic arch, thrombectomy was performed with cardiopulmonary bypass, and deep hypothermic @entity1167 . In two @entity1 presenting @entity715 in the descending thoracic aorta, thrombectomy was performed with an atriofemoral shunt. Thrombectomy was associated with repair of a wall defect in two @entity1 and resection of @entity1856 in one @entity1 . Postoperative recovery was uneventful but recurrence was noted in one patient because anticoagulation therapy was stopped too soon. On the basis of our experience and previous reports, we have defined the following therapeutic strategy. All @entity1 are first treated with heparin. In case of failure, thrombectomy may be undertaken in young @entity1 . Because of the highly invasive nature of the procedure, careful work-up including TEE should be performed to rule out any other cause of @entity887 and to determine that the lesion presents a high potential for @entity887 . Follow-up must include long-term coumadin therapy and routine surveillance using TEE or magnetic resonance imaging, since long-term outcome is unclear.

title: Mobile XXXX of the thoracic aorta: diagnosis and treatment in 9 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous plaque']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: Although bioprosthetic heart valves offer the benefits of a natural opening and closing, better hemodynamics, and avoidance of life-long anticoagulant therapy, they nevertheless tend to fail in 10-15 years from tears and @entity730 . Several authors, including the present ones, have identified the rigid stent as a factor contributing to these failures. The ultimate solution is an artificial heart valve that has mechanical properties that allow it to move in conformity with the aortic root during the cardiac cycle, has superior hemodynamics, is nonthrombogenic, will last more than 20 years, and mitigates the need for anticoagulants. We have identified a polymer, @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) hydrogel, that has mechanical properties similar to soft tissue. The purpose of this research is to match the tensile properties of @entity939 to the porcine aortic root and to fabricate a stent prototype for a bioprosthetic heart valve with the use of the @entity939 hydrogel. Specimens of 15% w/w @entity939 were prepared by processing through 1-6 cycles of freezing (-20 degrees C) at 0.2 degrees C/min freeze rate and thawing (+20 degrees C) at different thawing rates (0.2 degrees C/min and 1 degrees C/min), for different holding times (1 and 6 h) at -20 degrees C. Subsequently tensile tests and stress-relaxation tests were conducted on the specimens. The different holding times at -20 degrees C demonstrated no difference in the result. The slower thawing rate improved the tensile properties but did not produce significant changes on the stress-relaxation properties. The nonlinear stress-strain curve for the @entity939 after the fourth freeze-thaw cycle matched the porcine aortic root within the physiological pressure range. The stress-relaxation curve for @entity939 also approximated the shape of the aortic root. The complex geometry of an artificial @entity340 was successfully injection molded. These results, in combination with other preliminary findings for biocompatibility and @entity146 , suggest that @entity939 hydrogel is a promising biomaterial for implants, catheters, and artificial skin.

title: Optimizing the tensile properties of @entity4832 hydrogel for the construction of a bioprosthetic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue behavior']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['heart valve stent']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['heart valve stent']


abstract: Although bioprosthetic heart valves offer the benefits of a natural opening and closing, better hemodynamics, and avoidance of life-long anticoagulant therapy, they nevertheless tend to fail in 10-15 years from tears and @entity730 . Several authors, including the present ones, have identified the rigid stent as a factor contributing to these failures. The ultimate solution is an artificial heart valve that has mechanical properties that allow it to move in conformity with the aortic root during the cardiac cycle, has superior hemodynamics, is nonthrombogenic, will last more than 20 years, and mitigates the need for anticoagulants. We have identified a polymer, @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) hydrogel, that has mechanical properties similar to soft tissue. The purpose of this research is to match the tensile properties of @entity939 to the porcine aortic root and to fabricate a stent prototype for a bioprosthetic heart valve with the use of the @entity939 hydrogel. Specimens of 15% w/w @entity939 were prepared by processing through 1-6 cycles of freezing (-20 degrees C) at 0.2 degrees C/min freeze rate and thawing (+20 degrees C) at different thawing rates (0.2 degrees C/min and 1 degrees C/min), for different holding times (1 and 6 h) at -20 degrees C. Subsequently tensile tests and stress-relaxation tests were conducted on the specimens. The different holding times at -20 degrees C demonstrated no difference in the result. The slower thawing rate improved the tensile properties but did not produce significant changes on the stress-relaxation properties. The nonlinear stress-strain curve for the @entity939 after the fourth freeze-thaw cycle matched the porcine aortic root within the physiological pressure range. The stress-relaxation curve for @entity939 also approximated the shape of the aortic root. The complex geometry of an artificial @entity340 was successfully injection molded. These results, in combination with other preliminary findings for biocompatibility and @entity146 , suggest that @entity939 hydrogel is a promising biomaterial for implants, catheters, and artificial skin.

title: Optimizing the tensile properties of XXXX hydrogel for the construction of a bioprosthetic @entity340 .

answer: @entity4832 :: (MESH:D011142,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']


abstract: Seven different recombinant viruses from the virulent Mahoney and the attenuated Sabin parental strains of type 1 @entity9925 were constructed in vitro by using infectious cDNA clones. Monkey neurovirulence tests (lesion score, spread value, and incidence of @entity912 ) using these recombinant viruses revealed that the loci influencing attenuation were spread over several areas of the viral genome, including the 5' noncoding region. In vitro phenotypic marker tests corresponding to temperature sensitivity of growth (rct marker), plaque size, and dependency of growth on @entity3157 concentration (d marker) were performed to identify the genomic loci of these determinants and to investigate their correlation with attenuation. Determinants of temperature sensitivity mapped to many areas of the viral genome and expressed strong but not perfect correlation with attenuation. Recombinant viruses with Sabin-derived capsid proteins showed a small-plaque phenotype, and their growth was strongly dependent on @entity3157 concentration, suggesting that these determinants map to the genomic region encoding the viral capsid proteins. Plaque size and the d marker, however, were found to be poor indicators of attenuation. Moreover, virion surface characteristics such as immunogenicity and antigenicity had little or no correlation with neurovirulence. Nevertheless, viruses carrying Sabin-derived capsid proteins had an apparent tendency to exhibit less neurovirulence in tests on monkeys compared with recombinants carrying Mahoney-derived capsid proteins. Our results suggest that the extent of viral multiplication in the central nervous system of the test animals might be one of the most important factors determining neurovirulence. Moreover, we conclude that the expression of the attenuated phenotype of the Sabin 1 strain of @entity9925 is the result of several different biological characteristics. Finally, none of the in vitro phenotypic markers alone can serve as a good indicator of neurovirulence or attenuation.

title: Genetic analysis of the attenuation phenotype of XXXX type 1.

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity9925 :: (138950,Species) :: ['poliovirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate treatment of @entity1 @entity788 cell lines and xenografts with combinations of Erbitux (IMC-C225) anti-epidermal growth factor receptor ( @entity470 ) antibody, gemcitabine, and radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: BxPC-3 and MiaPaCa-2 @entity1 @entity3123 cells were treated in vitro for 24 h with IMC-C225 (5 microg/mL), then exposed to epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 mM) for 5 min. Immunoblots were screened for @entity470 expression and the ability of IMC-C225 to block EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of @entity470 . Cells were treated with IMC-C225 (5 microg/mL) on Day 0, the IC(50) dose of gemcitabine on Day 1 for 24 h, followed by 3 Gy 60Co irradiation on Day 2, or the combination of each agent. For cell proliferation, cells were counted on Day 4, and for apoptosis, cells were stained with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide, then analyzed by FACS. Cells were treated with the same single or multiple treatments and analyzed in a clonogenic cell survival assay. The effect of IMC-C225, gemcitabine, and radiation on the growth of BxPC-3 and MiaPaCa-2 @entity5 xenografts was determined. Athymic @entity19 bearing established s.c. @entity5 xenografts of 6-8 mm diameter received 6 weeks of treatment with IMC-C225 (1 mg every 3 days x 6) alone or in combination with gemcitabine (120 mg/kg i.v. every 6 days x 6), and 6 weekly fractions of 3 Gy radiation on the days after gemcitabine administration. @entity5 growth was measured with Vernier calipers. RESULTS: BxPC-3 and MiaPaCa-2 cell lines expressed low levels of @entity470 . IMC-C225 inhibited EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor on both cell lines. Treatment of cells with a combination of IMC-C225 + gemcitabine + radiation produced the highest induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in vitro. Combination treatment with IMC-C225, gemcitabine, and radiation produced 100% complete regression of @entity5 for more than 250 days, and the greatest growth inhibition of BxPC-3 @entity5 compared to any single or dual treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The IMC-C225 therapy in combination with gemcitabine chemotherapy and radiation therapy demonstrated statistically significantly greater efficacy over the single and double combination therapies. This form of multimodality treatment shows potential clinical application in the treatment of @entity788 in @entity1 .

title: Treatment of XXXX xenografts with Erbitux (IMC-C225) anti- @entity470 antibody, gemcitabine, and radiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'MiaPaCa-2 tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate treatment of @entity1 @entity788 cell lines and xenografts with combinations of Erbitux (IMC-C225) anti-epidermal growth factor receptor ( @entity470 ) antibody, gemcitabine, and radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: BxPC-3 and MiaPaCa-2 @entity1 @entity3123 cells were treated in vitro for 24 h with IMC-C225 (5 microg/mL), then exposed to epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 mM) for 5 min. Immunoblots were screened for @entity470 expression and the ability of IMC-C225 to block EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of @entity470 . Cells were treated with IMC-C225 (5 microg/mL) on Day 0, the IC(50) dose of gemcitabine on Day 1 for 24 h, followed by 3 Gy 60Co irradiation on Day 2, or the combination of each agent. For cell proliferation, cells were counted on Day 4, and for apoptosis, cells were stained with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide, then analyzed by FACS. Cells were treated with the same single or multiple treatments and analyzed in a clonogenic cell survival assay. The effect of IMC-C225, gemcitabine, and radiation on the growth of BxPC-3 and MiaPaCa-2 @entity5 xenografts was determined. Athymic @entity19 bearing established s.c. @entity5 xenografts of 6-8 mm diameter received 6 weeks of treatment with IMC-C225 (1 mg every 3 days x 6) alone or in combination with gemcitabine (120 mg/kg i.v. every 6 days x 6), and 6 weekly fractions of 3 Gy radiation on the days after gemcitabine administration. @entity5 growth was measured with Vernier calipers. RESULTS: BxPC-3 and MiaPaCa-2 cell lines expressed low levels of @entity470 . IMC-C225 inhibited EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor on both cell lines. Treatment of cells with a combination of IMC-C225 + gemcitabine + radiation produced the highest induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in vitro. Combination treatment with IMC-C225, gemcitabine, and radiation produced 100% complete regression of @entity5 for more than 250 days, and the greatest growth inhibition of BxPC-3 @entity5 compared to any single or dual treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The IMC-C225 therapy in combination with gemcitabine chemotherapy and radiation therapy demonstrated statistically significantly greater efficacy over the single and double combination therapies. This form of multimodality treatment shows potential clinical application in the treatment of @entity788 in @entity1 .

title: Treatment of @entity788 xenografts with Erbitux (IMC-C225) anti- XXXX antibody, gemcitabine, and radiation.

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']