abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed in this study to investigate whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), given as @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ), can interfere with @entity158 in subjects with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). In double-blind, sham-controlled experiments in five subjects with cervical or thoracic traumatic @entity1566 , we evaluated the effects of a single session of inhibitory (continuous) @entity9808 , excitatory (intermittent) @entity9808 , or placebo @entity158 . The interventions targeted the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1), the primary sensory cortex (S1) and the @entity550 ( @entity550 ). Measurements were carried out at baseline (T0), 5min (T1) and 30min later (T2) after the intervention. Descriptive evaluation of results shows that @entity158 were not affected by rTMS applied over M1. Continuous (inhibitory) @entity9808 over S1 induced a @entity158 , while continuous @entity9808 over @entity550 induced a short-lasting @entity20293 . Intermittent (excitatory) @entity9808 over @entity550 induced a slight increase of @entity158 . Tests for significance confirm these observations, but must be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size. In conclusion, @entity158 may be associated to a hyperexcitability of @entity550 and to a lesser extent of S1, which can be normalized by inhibitory rTMS. Our preliminary findings provide further evidence that neuromodulatory techniques are able to reverse phantom sensations not only after limb amputation but also in other conditions characterized by deafferentation such as @entity1566 .

title: Modulation of non-painful phantom sensation in subjects with XXXX by means of rTMS.

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['PPC', 'posterior parietal cortex']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['theta burst stimulation', 'TBS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['TBS, on simplex and complex non-painful phantom sensations', 'short-lasting decrease of simple non-painful phantom sensations', 'non-painful phantom sensations']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity20293 :: ('MESH:D010591', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of both simple and complex phantom sensations']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The hemodialysis unit at Columbia, South Carolina, opened in April, 1974. By June of 1977, 7 @entity1 had died from dialysis @entity75 , and 16 of the 51 surviving @entity1 showed @entity8408 , fits, and @entity2045 . @entity174 were seen in 22 @entity1 . Bone histomorphometry showed severe @entity4772 with minimal, if any, @entity4421 fibrosa, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity was normal. The mean serum @entity3775 concentration in 33 random @entity1 was elevated at 83.5 microgram/liter (control group, 13.9 microgram/liter, P less than 0.001). The mean bone @entity3775 concentration in 4 @entity1 who died from this syndrome was 307 ppm of bone ash (normal, less than 10 ppm). Dialysis fluid @entity3775 was high at 140 microgram/liter. Purification of the dialysis fluid with a water softener, reverse osmosis and a deionizer and abandoning extra-strength Basaljel resulted in a notable clinical and EEG improvement. None of 81 new @entity1 who started hemodialysis between July of 1977 and July of 1979 after the change in treatment have developed any such symptoms. A syndrome of hemodialysis @entity75 accompanied by pathologic @entity174 is described. Recovery is possible. The syndrome was eradicated after purification of the dialysis fluid.

title: Hemodialysis @entity75 with XXXX and muscle weakness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Pathologic fractures', 'osteomalacic fractures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic jerks']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity8408 :: ('MESH:D013064', 'Disease') :: ['speech disorders']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['osteomalacic fractures']


abstract: The hemodialysis unit at Columbia, South Carolina, opened in April, 1974. By June of 1977, 7 @entity1 had died from dialysis @entity75 , and 16 of the 51 surviving @entity1 showed @entity8408 , fits, and @entity2045 . @entity174 were seen in 22 @entity1 . Bone histomorphometry showed severe @entity4772 with minimal, if any, @entity4421 fibrosa, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity was normal. The mean serum @entity3775 concentration in 33 random @entity1 was elevated at 83.5 microgram/liter (control group, 13.9 microgram/liter, P less than 0.001). The mean bone @entity3775 concentration in 4 @entity1 who died from this syndrome was 307 ppm of bone ash (normal, less than 10 ppm). Dialysis fluid @entity3775 was high at 140 microgram/liter. Purification of the dialysis fluid with a water softener, reverse osmosis and a deionizer and abandoning extra-strength Basaljel resulted in a notable clinical and EEG improvement. None of 81 new @entity1 who started hemodialysis between July of 1977 and July of 1979 after the change in treatment have developed any such symptoms. A syndrome of hemodialysis @entity75 accompanied by pathologic @entity174 is described. Recovery is possible. The syndrome was eradicated after purification of the dialysis fluid.

title: Hemodialysis XXXX with @entity174 and muscle weakness.

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: Arterial dilatation distal to a @entity850 has been known as poststenotic dilatation (PSD). This paper describes arterial constriction enough to produce PSD, time course of PSD, structural changes of the dilated segments and influence of @entity101 on the development of PSD. These problems were studied in 2 experimental protocols. In protocol I, 87 carotid arteries of 45 @entity95 were constricted by @entity575 clip of 0.65 to 2.0 mm in diameter. The arterial diameter was measured at the sites both proximal and distal to the constriction after 3 days to 8 weeks. In protocol II, 22 carotid arteries of 12 @entity95 with experimental one-or two-kidney Goldblatt @entity101 were constricted and the development of PSD was compared with age matched controls. Remarkable PSD developed in arteries with moderate @entity850 of 45 to 60% constriction. The degree of dilatation expressed as ratio of distal to proximal diameter reached about 1.5 at the end of the second week and remained unchanged thereafter. Destruction of the elastic fibers with intimal @entity1373 was observed in the dilated segments even at the early stages of the PSD. Both mild and severe @entity850 failed to produce prominent PSD. In protocol II, the PSD averaged 1.18 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SE) in @entity101 , and 1.32 +/- 0.03 in normotensive animals (p less than 0.05). The result suggests that chronic @entity101 decreases the distensibility of the arteries.

title: Experimental production of poststenotic dilatation in the carotid arteries of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: A clinicopathological study of @entity356 was carried out according to Lauren's classification, on 207 @entity1 , who underwent gastric resection at Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University, Faculty of Medicine from 1970 to 1972. Among them 93 cases (44.9%) were of @entity4056 , 71 (34.3%) of @entity189 and 43 (20.8%) of other types. @entity4056 , often showing the protuberant type, was more common in the aged and in @entity1 . Most had a low grade of penetration, while in some, the penetration was moderate to high grade and was associated with lymph node @entity3 , @entity455 , or liver @entity3 . Hematogenous recurrence was not infrequent. @entity189 was more common in younger subjects and @entity1 , and was often of the depressed type. The serosa was involved in most cases. High grade penetration was associated with lymphatic permeation. @entity3 via the bloodstream was infrequent. Recurrence was often due to peritoneal dissemination. A better prognosis was indicated in cases of @entity189 with no serosal involvement, while prognosis in cases of invasion of the serosa was worse for @entity189 than for @entity4056 .

title: Clinicopathological analysis of the intestinal type and diffuse type of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic and vascular involvement']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse carcinoma', 'Diffuse carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal-type carcinoma', 'intestinal-type carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hematogenous spread of bacteria from the bowel due to bacterial translocation has been postulated in animal and @entity130 studies. This case presents a @entity1 with possible hematogenous bacterial spreading after acute laparotomy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 57-year old @entity1 was admitted with @entity490 . A computed tomography showed mechanical @entity1744 . A laparotomy was performed showing no contamination, and no bowel resection was performed. The @entity1 was not given any antibiotics during this time. The @entity1 was re-admitted 24h after discharge with @entity221 , elevated white count and @entity490 . A computed tomography showed newly developed @entity733 . These were treated with antibiotics, and the @entity1 was discharged with follow-up ultrasound showing diminished abscesses. DISCUSSION: This case discusses the possible pathophysiology behind the development of @entity733 after @entity1744 . CONCLUSION: Febrilia and @entity158 in upper right quadrant of the abdomen days after a simple operation for @entity1744 could be caused by translocation of intestinal bacteria and subsequent formation of @entity99 .

title: XXXX after adhesiolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction', 'small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic abscesses']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abscesses']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic abscesses']


abstract: NUC-1, a positive regulatory protein of @entity1980 , controls the expression of several unlinked target genes involved in @entity3151 acquisition. The @entity1473 -terminal end of the NUC-1 protein has sequence similarity to the helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. Bacterially expressed and in vitro-synthesized proteins, which consist of the @entity1473 -terminal portion of NUC-1, bind specifically to upstream sequences of two of its target genes, pho2+ and pho-4+. These upstream sequences contain the core sequence, CACGTG, a target for many helix-loop-helix proteins. A large loop region (47 @entity1522 ) separates the helix I and helix II domains. Mutations and deletion within the loop region did not interfere with the in vitro or in vivo functions of the protein. Immediately @entity1473 -proximal to the helix II domain, the NUC-1 protein contains an atypical zipper domain which is essential for function. This domain consists of a heptad repeat of @entity493 and @entity1853 rather than @entity368 residues. Analysis of mutant NUC-1 proteins suggests that the helix II and the zipper domains are essential for the protein dimerization, whereas the basic and the helix I domains are involved in DNA binding. The helix I domain, even though likely to participate in dimer formation while NUC-1 is bound to DNA, is not essential for in vitro dimerization.

title: Analysis of the DNA-binding and dimerization activities of XXXX transcription factor NUC-1.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity1980 :: (5141,Species) :: ['Neurospora crassa']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Adoptive immunotherapy with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can result in robust and durable antitumor responses. @entity5 -infiltrating CTLs produce IFNy and mediate antitumor activity, but they simultaneously induce counter-regulatory immunosuppressive mechanisms in the @entity5 by recruiting monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that limit their proliferation and effector function. Using a @entity19 model of adoptive immunotherapy for B16 @entity320 , we developed a strategy to augment CTL activity by downregulating immunosuppression by MDSCs. Intravenous injection of transgenic pmel-1 CTLs into @entity5 -bearing @entity19 , resulted in their infiltration into the @entity5 , but this was accompanied by the accumulation of large numbers of monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs). These cells hampered CTL function and reduced their numbers in the @entity5 . We determined that one mechanism responsible for this immunosuppression was the production of @entity842 (NO) by MDSCs in the @entity5 . Therefore, @entity19 were given the NO scavenger @entity6706 ( @entity6706 ) on the day after CTL transfer. This led to the restoration of impaired proliferative capacity and function of the CTLs, resulting in sustained suppression of @entity5 growth. Thus, we conclude that CTL therapy can be improved by counter-acting immunosuppression. Targeting NO, one mediator of the immunosuppressive activity of M-MDSCs, may be an appropriate strategy to restore impaired CTL function and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.

title: The @entity842 radical scavenger XXXX reduces the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and potentiates the antitumor activity of adoptive cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity6706 :: ('MESH:C079393', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy-PTIO', 'C-PTIO']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity6706 :: (MESH:C079393,Chemical) :: ['carboxy-PTIO']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Adoptive immunotherapy with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can result in robust and durable antitumor responses. @entity5 -infiltrating CTLs produce IFNy and mediate antitumor activity, but they simultaneously induce counter-regulatory immunosuppressive mechanisms in the @entity5 by recruiting monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that limit their proliferation and effector function. Using a @entity19 model of adoptive immunotherapy for B16 @entity320 , we developed a strategy to augment CTL activity by downregulating immunosuppression by MDSCs. Intravenous injection of transgenic pmel-1 CTLs into @entity5 -bearing @entity19 , resulted in their infiltration into the @entity5 , but this was accompanied by the accumulation of large numbers of monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs). These cells hampered CTL function and reduced their numbers in the @entity5 . We determined that one mechanism responsible for this immunosuppression was the production of @entity842 (NO) by MDSCs in the @entity5 . Therefore, @entity19 were given the NO scavenger @entity6706 ( @entity6706 ) on the day after CTL transfer. This led to the restoration of impaired proliferative capacity and function of the CTLs, resulting in sustained suppression of @entity5 growth. Thus, we conclude that CTL therapy can be improved by counter-acting immunosuppression. Targeting NO, one mediator of the immunosuppressive activity of M-MDSCs, may be an appropriate strategy to restore impaired CTL function and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.

title: The XXXX radical scavenger @entity6706 reduces the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and potentiates the antitumor activity of adoptive cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunotherapy.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hydrocolonic ultrasonography--abdominal ultrasonography in conjunction with the retrograde instillation of water into the colon--has been advocated as an alternative to colonoscopy for detecting @entity14 . We conducted a prospective, blinded trial to evaluate the procedure further. METHODS: Fifty-two consecutive @entity1 (50 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ; average age, 62 years) who were referred for colonoscopy underwent hydrocolonic ultrasonography followed by colonoscopy. The physicians performing colonoscopy were blinded to the ultrasound results. @entity1 who had a history of @entity1586 or who had previously undergone flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 had normal results on colonoscopy, 26 had @entity1127 , 3 had @entity5 and @entity1127 , and 1 had @entity5 alone. Twenty @entity1 had @entity1127 less than 7 mm in diameter, eight had @entity1127 7 mm or more in diameter, and one had a @entity1127 of unknown size. Hydrocolonic ultrasonography did not detect any @entity5 and detected only one @entity1127 > or = 7 mm and one @entity1127 < 7 mm in diameter. The overall sensitivity of ultrasonography for identifying any @entity1127 was 6.9 percent, and for identifying a @entity1127 > or = 7 mm, it was 12.5 percent. Ultrasonography suggested the presence of five masses and five @entity1127 that were not confirmed by colonoscopy. Six @entity1 had incomplete ultrasound studies because of discomfort or the inability to retain water. There were two complications: one @entity1 had two vasovagal episodes, and another had diaphoresis. CONCLUSIONS: Hydrocolonic ultrasonography was less useful than colonoscopy for detecting @entity14 . The usefulness of the technique in screening for @entity1586 appears to be limited.

title: Hydrocolonic ultrasonography in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps and cancers', 'colorectal polyps and cancer']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps and tumors', 'colonic polyps or tumors']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colonic polyps and tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The assessment of the cost-effectiveness of helicopter medical crews for @entity1 with major @entity130 in the Dutch situation. DESIGN: A modelling approach, combining available information with plausible assumptions. SETTING: Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Rotterdam. METHODS: First, a baseline scenario was developed, implementing information that was available in the literature and a few assumptions. The sensitivity of the cost-effectiveness for the various assumptions was evaluated in alternative scenarios. END-POINTS. The relation between the costs per life year gained and the expected increase in the number of @entity1 surviving an accident is established for the separate scenarios. RESULTS: In the baseline scenario the number of victims with a @entity130 score < or = 12 is estimated at 4500 per year, it is assumed that victims who die at the scene of the accident are unsalvageable and that hospital treatment costs Dfl. 27,000.--per @entity1 . As a result costs per life year saved are only under Dfl. 50,000.--when more than 29 @entity1 per year (9.23% gain in survival) are additionally saved. Sensitivity analysis shows that the cost-effectiveness depends highly on the expected gain in survival and on the estimate of the costs of hospital treatment. Both variables are surrounded with a lot of uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS: Relying on the information that is available at this moment, no definite conclusions can be drawn on the cost-effectiveness of this facility, because too many essential data are missing. Empirical research is necessary.

title: [Is the use of helicopters with a XXXX team in severely injured accident victims in The Netherlands cost effective? A modelling approach].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: This study of clinical outcome in @entity746 ( @entity746 ) evaluated 148 @entity1 (93 @entity1 and 55 @entity1 ) diagnosed in Hordaland county, Norway, during the period 1970 to 1990. In addition to evaluation of clinical data, data were available on sex, age at diagnosis, time from appearance of symptoms to diagnosis, family history, EMG and spinal fluid. Sixty-nine cases were bulbar @entity746 and 79 were spinal @entity746 . Median survival from diagnosis was 16.5 months, 26.0 months in the spinal and 12.1 months in the bulbar form. The survival time decreased with increasing age at the start of disease. A brief interval from start of symptoms to diagnosis was also a poor prognostic factor. Cases with mainly spastic clinical appearance had longer survival than those with marked @entity194 . Sex, appearance of familial cases, increased protein level in the spinal fluid, or disease confirmed or not by EMG had no influence on the prognosis. The importance of the prognostic variables was assessed simultaneously using a proportional hazards model. To test the validity of the prognostic factors, a binary survival outcome was established and a predictive rule determined by logistic regression. The data were applied on 11 @entity746 cases collected outside Hordaland county. Only 1 out of 7 @entity1 with a predicted probability of living more than 1 year actually died within this time period. Two out of 4 @entity1 in the poor prognostic group were dead within a year from the time of diagnosis.

title: Prognostic factors and survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although different conservative treatment options have been proposed, there is a paucity of research on the management of @entity23223 ( @entity23223 ) in runners. OBJECTIVE: To compare two treatment protocols for @entity23223 ; @entity4542 ( @entity4542 ) and manual therapy (ManT). Both therapies were administered concurrently with an exercise rehabilitation programme. METHODS: The study was designed as a randomised controlled clinical trial. Twenty-four runners with @entity23223 received 3 treatments at weekly intervals of either @entity4542 (n= 11) or ManT (n= 13). In addition, all subjects followed an exercise programme for at least 4 weeks. Main outcome measures were established as mean differences (MD) in @entity158 during treadmill running. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in @entity158 reduction between the two interventions at 4 weeks (p= 0.796), and 8 weeks (p= 0.155) follow-up. Thus, both groups reported similar magnitude of reduced @entity158 during the intervention (p= 0.864). The shockwave therapy (SWT) group reported a 51% decrease in @entity158 at week 4 (p= 0.022), and a 75% decrease at week 8 (p= 0.004). The ManT group showed a 61% reduction in @entity158 at week 4 (p= 0.059), and a 56% reduction at week 8 (p= 0.067). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4542 and ManT were equally effective in reducing @entity158 in subjects with @entity23223 .

title: Radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy compared with manual therapy in runners with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial shockwave therapy', 'RSWT']

entities_list: @entity23223 :: ('MESH:D058745', 'Disease') :: ['ITBS', 'iliotibial band syndrome']

answer: @entity23223 :: (MESH:D058745,Disease) :: ['iliotibial band syndrome']


abstract: Neurotransmitter release during @entity2806 has been extensively studied and is thought to play a key role in excitotoxic @entity528 . The changes in neurotransmitter release and its metabolism may reflect changes in cellular metabolism during @entity63 . The purpose of this study is to assess alterations in extracellular @entity935 and @entity750 and their metabolites under varied degrees of @entity63 in @entity35 striatum to elucidate the pathophysiology of @entity2806 . Twenty @entity35 were used to induce varied @entity63 by means of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion along with hemorrhagic @entity551 . Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the striatum was measured every 40 minutes by methods of @entity3884 clearance and maintained within certain ranges for 6 hours. @entity935 , @entity750 , and their metabolites were measured every 20 minutes by in vivo microdialysis. Varying degrees of @entity63 were obtained, ranging from 9.4 to 81.3% of control CBF. The animals were divided into three groups according to CBF levels measured 20 minutes after the induction of @entity63 . In the mild @entity63 group (n = 5), CBF ranged from 65 to 88% of baseline levels and resulted in only a slight increase of @entity935 . In the moderate @entity63 group (n = 10), CBF ranged from 21 to 48% of baseline levels and resulted in transient increases of @entity935 (24-fold) and @entity750 (5-fold). In the severe @entity63 group (n = 5), CBF was below 14% of baseline levels and resulted in marked increases in @entity935 (462-fold) and @entity750 (225-fold). These alterations remained elevated for 3 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evaluation of monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the @entity35 striatum during varied global XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: Neurotransmitter release during @entity2806 has been extensively studied and is thought to play a key role in excitotoxic @entity528 . The changes in neurotransmitter release and its metabolism may reflect changes in cellular metabolism during @entity63 . The purpose of this study is to assess alterations in extracellular @entity935 and @entity750 and their metabolites under varied degrees of @entity63 in @entity35 striatum to elucidate the pathophysiology of @entity2806 . Twenty @entity35 were used to induce varied @entity63 by means of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion along with hemorrhagic @entity551 . Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the striatum was measured every 40 minutes by methods of @entity3884 clearance and maintained within certain ranges for 6 hours. @entity935 , @entity750 , and their metabolites were measured every 20 minutes by in vivo microdialysis. Varying degrees of @entity63 were obtained, ranging from 9.4 to 81.3% of control CBF. The animals were divided into three groups according to CBF levels measured 20 minutes after the induction of @entity63 . In the mild @entity63 group (n = 5), CBF ranged from 65 to 88% of baseline levels and resulted in only a slight increase of @entity935 . In the moderate @entity63 group (n = 10), CBF ranged from 21 to 48% of baseline levels and resulted in transient increases of @entity935 (24-fold) and @entity750 (5-fold). In the severe @entity63 group (n = 5), CBF was below 14% of baseline levels and resulted in marked increases in @entity935 (462-fold) and @entity750 (225-fold). These alterations remained elevated for 3 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evaluation of monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the XXXX striatum during varied global @entity2806 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Historically, the incidence of genital and urinary tract (GU) injuries in major conflicts has been approximately 5%. To mitigate the risk of @entity3614 to the external genitalia, the United States and United Kingdom issued protective overgarments and undergarments to troops deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. These two systems combined constitute the @entity530 ( @entity4875 ). Our hypothesis was that @entity4875 use is associated with a reduction of @entity5450 in subjects exposed to dismounted improvised explosive device @entity3614 . METHODS: We identified two groups for comparison: those who were confirmed to have worn the @entity4875 at time of injury (n = 58) and a historical control group who were confirmed as not wearing the @entity4875 ( @entity4875 ) (n = 61). @entity1 with any level of lower extremity amputation from dismounted improvised explosive device blast mechanism were included. The primary outcome measure was presence of a @entity5450 on admission. A univariate analysis assessing the strength of association with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals was performed between the @entity4875 and @entity4875 groups. RESULTS: Mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was higher in the @entity4875 versus the @entity4875 group (26.1 vs. 19.3, p = 0.0012). Overall, 31% of the @entity1 in the @entity4875 group sustained at least one @entity5450 versus 62.3% in the @entity4875 group. The odds ratio of sustaining a @entity5450 in the @entity4875 group as compared with the @entity4875 group is 0.28 (31% vs. 62.3%; 95 % confidence interval, 0.62-0.12; p < 0.001). The most frequent injures were open scrotal/testes wounds, followed by open penis, and open bladder/urethra injuries. CONCLUSION: The use of the @entity4875 is associated with a decreased odds ratio of @entity5450 . Despite a 31% absolute reduction, future work should focus on improved efficiency. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level IV; therapeutic study, level V.

title: Effectiveness of the combat XXXX in the prevention of genital and urinary tract injuries: An observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['blast injury', 'blast injuries']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['GU injury', 'GU injuries']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic protection system']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['pelvic protection system']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemostatic dressings are advanced topical dressings designed to control @entity548 by enhancing clot formation. These dressings may be effective when used on injuries sustained in junctional zones. The Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps (IDF-MC) chose to equip its medical personnel with the QuikClot Combat Gauze. There is a paucity of data describing clinical use and results of hemostatic dressing especially at the point of injury. The purpose of this article was to report the IDF-MC experience with prehospital use of the QuikClot Combat Gauze in junctional zones in a case series retrieved from the IDF @entity130 Registry. METHODS: All IDF @entity130 Registry documented cases of prehospital use of hemostatic dressings in the IDF-MC between January 2009 and September 2014 were retrieved. Data collection included injury mechanism, wound location, reported success of hemostatic dressing, tourniquet use, lifesaving interventions, mortality, and caregiver identity. RESULTS: A total of 122 @entity1 on whom 133 hemostatic dressings were applied were identified. Median age was 22 years. Of the @entity1 , 118 (96.7%) were male and 2 (1.6%) were female (missing, n = 2). Injury mechanism was penetrating in 104 (85.2%), blunt in 4 (3.3%), and combined in 14 (11.5%) @entity1 . Seven @entity1 (5.9%) died. Thirty-seven dressings (27.8%) were used for junctional @entity548 control (pelvis, shoulder, axilla, buttocks, groin, neck), and 92 dressings (72.1%) were placed in nonjunctional areas (missing, n = 4). Nonjunctional dressings included 63 (47.4%) applied to the extremities, 14 (10.5%) to the back, and 4 (3%) to the head. Hemostatic dressing application was reported as successful in 88.6% (31 of 35 available; missing, n = 2) of junctional @entity548 applications and in 91.9% (57 of 62 available; missing, n = 1) of extremity @entity548 applications. CONCLUSION: Hemostatic dressings seem to be an effective tool for junctional @entity548 control and should be considered as a second-line treatment for extremity @entity548 control at the point of injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level V.

title: Prehospital use of hemostatic dressings by the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps: A case series of 122 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The incidence, causes and complications of severe @entity5925 ( @entity908 phosphokinase (CK) > or = 5000 U/l) were studied during a 7-year study period in a large university hospital population. This condition was present in 0.074% of all admitted @entity1 . The mortality in the study group (n = 93) was 32% and the incidence of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) 51%. Ischaemia was the most frequent cause, and drugs, @entity167 and/or @entity772 were the second most common cause of severe @entity5925 . @entity1 with @entity5925 due to ischaemia were older, had @entity810 more often, and also had the highest mortality. Hyperkalaemia ( @entity972 > or = 5.5 mmol/l) occurred in 13% of the @entity1 , and all of them had or developed an @entity8 . Hypocalcaemia ( @entity460 < or = 2.00 mmol/l) was found in 41%. The incidence of @entity810 and electrolyte disturbances was higher in @entity1 with CK levels exceeding 15,000 U/l. Mortality was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity810 . Plasma concentrations of @entity972 and @entity460 correlated better with the severity of @entity177 than with the maximal height of plasma CK.

title: Relationship between elevated XXXX phosphokinase and the clinical spectrum of @entity5925 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: The incidence, causes and complications of severe @entity5925 ( @entity908 phosphokinase (CK) > or = 5000 U/l) were studied during a 7-year study period in a large university hospital population. This condition was present in 0.074% of all admitted @entity1 . The mortality in the study group (n = 93) was 32% and the incidence of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) 51%. Ischaemia was the most frequent cause, and drugs, @entity167 and/or @entity772 were the second most common cause of severe @entity5925 . @entity1 with @entity5925 due to ischaemia were older, had @entity810 more often, and also had the highest mortality. Hyperkalaemia ( @entity972 > or = 5.5 mmol/l) occurred in 13% of the @entity1 , and all of them had or developed an @entity8 . Hypocalcaemia ( @entity460 < or = 2.00 mmol/l) was found in 41%. The incidence of @entity810 and electrolyte disturbances was higher in @entity1 with CK levels exceeding 15,000 U/l. Mortality was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity810 . Plasma concentrations of @entity972 and @entity460 correlated better with the severity of @entity177 than with the maximal height of plasma CK.

title: Relationship between elevated @entity908 phosphokinase and the clinical spectrum of XXXX .

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Natural stocks of @entity16932 ( @entity16932 ) have decreased drastically because of overfishing, habitat destruction, and changes in the ocean environment over the past few decades. However, to date, artificial mass production of glass eels is far from reality because of the lack of appropriate feed for the eel larvae. In this study, wild glass eel, leptocephali, preleptocephali, and embryos were collected to conduct RNA-seq. Approximately 279 million reads were generated and assembled into 224,043 transcripts. The transcript levels of genes coding for digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters were investigated to estimate the capacities for nutrient digestion and absorption during early development. The results showed that the transcript levels of protein digestion enzymes were higher than those of @entity1735 and lipid digestion enzymes in the preleptocephali and leptocephali, and the transcript levels of @entity3689 transporters were also higher than those of @entity413 and @entity948 transporters and the @entity165 transporter. In addition, the transcript levels of @entity413 and @entity948 transporters were significantly raising in the leptocephali. Moreover, the transcript levels of protein, @entity1735 , and lipid digestion enzymes were balanced in the glass eel, but the transcript levels of @entity3689 transporters were higher than those of @entity413 and @entity165 transporters. These findings implied that preleptocephali and leptocephali prefer high-protein food, and the nutritional requirements of @entity7787 and lipids for the eel larvae vary with growth. An online database (http://molas.iis.sinica.edu.tw/jpeel/) that will provide the sequences and the annotated results of assembled transcripts was established for the eel research community.

title: De Novo Assembly of the Whole Transcriptome of the Wild Embryo, Preleptocephalus, Leptocephalus, and Glass Eel of XXXX and Deciphering the Digestive and Absorptive Capacities during Early Development.

entities_list: @entity7787 :: ('MESH:D009005', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharides']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity16932 :: ('7937', 'Species') :: ['Anguilla japonica', 'Japanese eel']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity16932 :: (7937,Species) :: ['Anguilla japonica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 in adolescence is debilitating with high recurrence in adulthood, yet its pathophysiological mechanism remains enigmatic. To examine the interaction between emotion, cognition and treatment, functional brain responses to sad and happy distractors in an affective go/no-go task were explored before and after Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) in @entity308 female adolescents, and healthy @entity1 . METHODS: Eighty-two Depressed and 24 healthy female adolescents, aged 12-17 years, performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) affective go/no-go task at baseline. @entity1 were instructed to withhold their responses upon seeing happy or sad words. Among these @entity1 , 13 @entity1 had CBT over approximately 30 weeks. These @entity1 and 20 matched controls then repeated the task. RESULTS: At baseline, increased activation in response to happy relative to neutral distractors was observed in the orbitofrontal cortex in @entity308 @entity1 which was normalised after CBT. No significant group differences were found behaviourally or in brain activation in response to sad distractors. Improvements in symptoms (mean: 9.31, 95% CI: 5.35-13.27) were related at trend-level to activation changes in orbitofrontal cortex. LIMITATIONS: In the follow-up section, a limited number of post-CBT @entity1 were recruited. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first fMRI study addressing the effect of CBT in adolescent @entity308 . Although a bias toward negative information is widely accepted as a hallmark of @entity308 , aberrant brain hyperactivity to positive distractors was found and normalised after CBT. Research, assessment and treatment focused on positive stimuli could be a future consideration. Moreover, a pathophysiological mechanism distinct from @entity308 may be suggested and awaits further exploration.

title: Aberrant brain responses to emotionally valent words is normalised after cognitive behavioural therapy in female XXXX adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression', 'adult depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: @entity2227 is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and, as such, it inevitably plays a role in the initiation and spread of @entity410 activity. It also plays a critical role in epileptogenesis. The process of "kindling" limbic @entity410 in rodents by repeated electrical stimulation is dependent on activation of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors. The function of these receptors is enhanced in the hippocampus of kindled @entity35 and in the cerebral cortex of @entity1 with @entity1625 . Microdialysis studies show an increase in the extracellular concentration of @entity2227 and @entity492 before or during @entity410 onset, suggesting that either enhanced @entity535 release or impaired uptake contributes to @entity410 initiation. @entity2227 antagonists selective for @entity143 or non- @entity143 receptors are potent anticonvulsants when given systemically in a wide variety of animal models of @entity302 . They are of limited efficacy against kindled @entity410 in @entity35 and (on the basis of preliminary evidence) in @entity1 with drug-refractory complex partial @entity410 . Cognitive side effects appear to be a significant problem with competitive, as well as noncompetitive, @entity143 antagonists. @entity2227 receptor antagonists provide significant protection against @entity75 following global or focal @entity2806 or acute @entity130 in rodent models. Anticonvulsant compounds of the @entity2812 type, which act on @entity1372 channels and reduce @entity63 -induced @entity2227 release, are cerebroprotective in rodent @entity63 models and are free from the cognitive side effects of @entity143 -receptor antagonists.

title: The role of XXXX in @entity302 and other CNS disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: @entity2227 is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and, as such, it inevitably plays a role in the initiation and spread of @entity410 activity. It also plays a critical role in epileptogenesis. The process of "kindling" limbic @entity410 in rodents by repeated electrical stimulation is dependent on activation of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors. The function of these receptors is enhanced in the hippocampus of kindled @entity35 and in the cerebral cortex of @entity1 with @entity1625 . Microdialysis studies show an increase in the extracellular concentration of @entity2227 and @entity492 before or during @entity410 onset, suggesting that either enhanced @entity535 release or impaired uptake contributes to @entity410 initiation. @entity2227 antagonists selective for @entity143 or non- @entity143 receptors are potent anticonvulsants when given systemically in a wide variety of animal models of @entity302 . They are of limited efficacy against kindled @entity410 in @entity35 and (on the basis of preliminary evidence) in @entity1 with drug-refractory complex partial @entity410 . Cognitive side effects appear to be a significant problem with competitive, as well as noncompetitive, @entity143 antagonists. @entity2227 receptor antagonists provide significant protection against @entity75 following global or focal @entity2806 or acute @entity130 in rodent models. Anticonvulsant compounds of the @entity2812 type, which act on @entity1372 channels and reduce @entity63 -induced @entity2227 release, are cerebroprotective in rodent @entity63 models and are free from the cognitive side effects of @entity143 -receptor antagonists.

title: The role of @entity2227 in XXXX and other CNS disorders.

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of oral cytology to diagnose malignant and @entity75 at an early stage is considered crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnoses of the spatula and the cytobrush techniques compared with the gold standard histopathological findings, analysed according to different diagnostic criteria. METHODS: Cytological smears were obtained from 76 suspicious oral @entity8407 lesions using two techniques: cytobrush plus cell collector and metal spatula. Subsequently, a surgical biopsy was performed on each lesion to achieve a histopathological diagnosis. Evaluation was conducted with respect to three different diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: The sensitivity for diagnosing @entity189 in clinically malignant cases was 89.58% and 60.42% for cytobrush and spatula techniques, respectively. Inclusion of severe @entity6349 cases for 'high-risk' lesions increased the sensitivity up to 96.36% and 78.18% for two techniques, respectively. In @entity75 , malignant and severely @entity6349 cells were diagnosed at a sensitivity of 88.89% in the cytobrush and 55.56% in the spatula techniques. Extending the criteria by defining malignant or any @entity6349 findings as positive, sensitivity was increased to 98.02% and 89.11% for the spatula and the cytobrush techniques, respectively. Specificity for both techniques increased to 100%. The difference between the diagnoses of histopathology and the spatula cytology was statistically significant (P < 0.01), while no such difference was found with the cytobrush technique (P > 0.1). CONCLUSION: The cytobrush, unlike the spatula, is a useful screening instrument for early diagnosis of @entity75 and could therefore contribute to improved @entity5 prognosis.

title: Comparison of spatula and cytobrush cytological techniques in early detection of oral malignant and XXXX : a prospective and blinded study.

entities_list: @entity8407 :: ('MESH:D007972', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions and 116 oral leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia lesions', 'premalignant lesions', 'suspicious oral lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['premalignant lesions']


abstract: 201Tl myocardial perfusion single photon emission tomography (SPET) with pharmacological coronary vasodilatation using @entity859 is now often used in the investigation of a @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ). In this study, we present data from two groups of @entity1 . Group A (n = 40) experienced 201Tl SPET with @entity859 only as the pharmacological stress test, using an infusion rate of 140 micrograms kg-1 @entity1009 . Group B @entity1 (n = 50) had the same test combined with low-level dynamic exercise. The side effects were noted for both groups and 201Tl SPET studies were acquired for stress and redistribution images. There was a lesser degree of non-cardiac side effects in @entity1 of group B. There was a significant difference in the haemodynamic parameters between the two groups. There was no significant difference in overall sensitivity (87% versus 90%) and specificity (84% versus 88%) in the detection of @entity299 between the two groups. In conclusion, addition of low-level dynamic exercise with @entity859 is to be preferred to @entity859 infusion alone, as this protocol is better tolerated and may enhance the detection of right @entity453 (sensitivity = 82% versus 90%, n.s.).

title: 201Tl myocardial perfusion SPET: XXXX alone or combined with dynamic exercise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: Involuntary @entity353 is a frequent complication of @entity791 ( @entity791 ) and ultimately affects the majority of @entity1 . The deleterious effects of @entity353 on immune function and the physical and psychological sequelae of severe @entity353 are well recognized. @entity6303 induces appetite stimulation and nonfluid @entity1017 in @entity1 with @entity5 . In a pilot study, @entity6303 produced nonfluid @entity1017 in @entity1 with @entity791 . Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials of @entity6303 for the treatment of @entity791 -related @entity448 and @entity3085 have shown improvements in body weight with treatment. In a multicenter trial reported by Flynn et al. at the 7th International Conference on @entity791 (1992), 65 @entity1 with @entity791 and @entity353 of > 10% of ideal body weight were randomized to placebo or @entity6303 800 mg/day. @entity6303 -treated @entity1 had a significantly greater mean maximum @entity1017 (p = 0.027) and appetite stimulation (p = 0.021) than did placebo-treated @entity1 . In a second, larger randomized placebo-controlled trial, 271 @entity1 with @entity791 , @entity448 and @entity3085 were randomized to receive placebo or multiple doses of @entity6303 at 100, 400 or 800 mg/day for 12 weeks. A maximum @entity1017 of at least 5 lb (2.25 kg) was observed in 64.2% of @entity1 in the 800-mg @entity6303 group compared with 21.4% in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). Mean maximum weight change from baseline to last evaluation was +8.3 lb in the 800-mg group and -1.1 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Mean change in lean body mass from baseline to last evaluation was +2.5 lb in the 800-mg group versus -1.7 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). A significant improvement in appetite was seen in @entity1 receiving 800 mg @entity6303 compared with @entity1 receiving placebo. No significant @entity137 was observed with @entity6303 therapy. @entity6303 is an effective treatment for some @entity1 with @entity791 -related @entity448 and @entity3085 .

title: Randomized trials of @entity6303 for XXXX -associated @entity448 and @entity3085 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced hormone nonresponsive cancers']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['Megestrol acetate', 'megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS', 'acquired immune deficiency syndrome']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: Involuntary @entity353 is a frequent complication of @entity791 ( @entity791 ) and ultimately affects the majority of @entity1 . The deleterious effects of @entity353 on immune function and the physical and psychological sequelae of severe @entity353 are well recognized. @entity6303 induces appetite stimulation and nonfluid @entity1017 in @entity1 with @entity5 . In a pilot study, @entity6303 produced nonfluid @entity1017 in @entity1 with @entity791 . Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials of @entity6303 for the treatment of @entity791 -related @entity448 and @entity3085 have shown improvements in body weight with treatment. In a multicenter trial reported by Flynn et al. at the 7th International Conference on @entity791 (1992), 65 @entity1 with @entity791 and @entity353 of > 10% of ideal body weight were randomized to placebo or @entity6303 800 mg/day. @entity6303 -treated @entity1 had a significantly greater mean maximum @entity1017 (p = 0.027) and appetite stimulation (p = 0.021) than did placebo-treated @entity1 . In a second, larger randomized placebo-controlled trial, 271 @entity1 with @entity791 , @entity448 and @entity3085 were randomized to receive placebo or multiple doses of @entity6303 at 100, 400 or 800 mg/day for 12 weeks. A maximum @entity1017 of at least 5 lb (2.25 kg) was observed in 64.2% of @entity1 in the 800-mg @entity6303 group compared with 21.4% in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). Mean maximum weight change from baseline to last evaluation was +8.3 lb in the 800-mg group and -1.1 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Mean change in lean body mass from baseline to last evaluation was +2.5 lb in the 800-mg group versus -1.7 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). A significant improvement in appetite was seen in @entity1 receiving 800 mg @entity6303 compared with @entity1 receiving placebo. No significant @entity137 was observed with @entity6303 therapy. @entity6303 is an effective treatment for some @entity1 with @entity791 -related @entity448 and @entity3085 .

title: Randomized trials of @entity6303 for @entity791 -associated @entity448 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3085 :: (MESH:D002100,Disease) :: ['cachexia']


abstract: Involuntary @entity353 is a frequent complication of @entity791 ( @entity791 ) and ultimately affects the majority of @entity1 . The deleterious effects of @entity353 on immune function and the physical and psychological sequelae of severe @entity353 are well recognized. @entity6303 induces appetite stimulation and nonfluid @entity1017 in @entity1 with @entity5 . In a pilot study, @entity6303 produced nonfluid @entity1017 in @entity1 with @entity791 . Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials of @entity6303 for the treatment of @entity791 -related @entity448 and @entity3085 have shown improvements in body weight with treatment. In a multicenter trial reported by Flynn et al. at the 7th International Conference on @entity791 (1992), 65 @entity1 with @entity791 and @entity353 of > 10% of ideal body weight were randomized to placebo or @entity6303 800 mg/day. @entity6303 -treated @entity1 had a significantly greater mean maximum @entity1017 (p = 0.027) and appetite stimulation (p = 0.021) than did placebo-treated @entity1 . In a second, larger randomized placebo-controlled trial, 271 @entity1 with @entity791 , @entity448 and @entity3085 were randomized to receive placebo or multiple doses of @entity6303 at 100, 400 or 800 mg/day for 12 weeks. A maximum @entity1017 of at least 5 lb (2.25 kg) was observed in 64.2% of @entity1 in the 800-mg @entity6303 group compared with 21.4% in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). Mean maximum weight change from baseline to last evaluation was +8.3 lb in the 800-mg group and -1.1 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Mean change in lean body mass from baseline to last evaluation was +2.5 lb in the 800-mg group versus -1.7 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). A significant improvement in appetite was seen in @entity1 receiving 800 mg @entity6303 compared with @entity1 receiving placebo. No significant @entity137 was observed with @entity6303 therapy. @entity6303 is an effective treatment for some @entity1 with @entity791 -related @entity448 and @entity3085 .

title: Randomized trials of @entity6303 for @entity791 -associated XXXX and @entity3085 .

answer: @entity448 :: (MESH:D000855,Disease) :: ['anorexia']


abstract: Involuntary @entity353 is a frequent complication of @entity791 ( @entity791 ) and ultimately affects the majority of @entity1 . The deleterious effects of @entity353 on immune function and the physical and psychological sequelae of severe @entity353 are well recognized. @entity6303 induces appetite stimulation and nonfluid @entity1017 in @entity1 with @entity5 . In a pilot study, @entity6303 produced nonfluid @entity1017 in @entity1 with @entity791 . Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials of @entity6303 for the treatment of @entity791 -related @entity448 and @entity3085 have shown improvements in body weight with treatment. In a multicenter trial reported by Flynn et al. at the 7th International Conference on @entity791 (1992), 65 @entity1 with @entity791 and @entity353 of > 10% of ideal body weight were randomized to placebo or @entity6303 800 mg/day. @entity6303 -treated @entity1 had a significantly greater mean maximum @entity1017 (p = 0.027) and appetite stimulation (p = 0.021) than did placebo-treated @entity1 . In a second, larger randomized placebo-controlled trial, 271 @entity1 with @entity791 , @entity448 and @entity3085 were randomized to receive placebo or multiple doses of @entity6303 at 100, 400 or 800 mg/day for 12 weeks. A maximum @entity1017 of at least 5 lb (2.25 kg) was observed in 64.2% of @entity1 in the 800-mg @entity6303 group compared with 21.4% in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). Mean maximum weight change from baseline to last evaluation was +8.3 lb in the 800-mg group and -1.1 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Mean change in lean body mass from baseline to last evaluation was +2.5 lb in the 800-mg group versus -1.7 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). A significant improvement in appetite was seen in @entity1 receiving 800 mg @entity6303 compared with @entity1 receiving placebo. No significant @entity137 was observed with @entity6303 therapy. @entity6303 is an effective treatment for some @entity1 with @entity791 -related @entity448 and @entity3085 .

title: Randomized trials of XXXX for @entity791 -associated @entity448 and @entity3085 .

answer: @entity6303 :: (MESH:D019290,Chemical) :: ['megestrol acetate']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Vascular @entity730 independently predicts @entity65 ( @entity65 ), and computed tomography (CT) is a useful tool to evaluate and quantify not only coronary but also @entity7874 ( @entity7874 ). Previous @entity7874 progression reports were limited to dialysis and renal transplant @entity1 . This is the first study to evaluate @entity7874 progression in a large multiethnic cohort without clinically evident @entity65 at entry. METHODS: Non-contrast-enhanced cardiac CTs were obtained in 5886 of 6814 Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) @entity1 (mean age, 62  years; 48% males; 40% white, 27% black, 21% Hispanic, and 12% Chinese). Baseline and follow-up @entity7874 scores were derived. RESULTS: Overall, 4308 (73%) @entity1 had no detectable baseline @entity7874 . Mean follow-up duration was 2.4      0.8  years, during which 12% developed @entity7874 . The overall incidence rate was 4.8%/year and was greater with age across gender and ethnic groups; @entity7874 incidence was significantly lower in blacks than whites. After adjustment for follow-up duration, regression analyses showed age, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensives, and smoking were associated with incident @entity7874 . A total of 1578 (27%) @entity1 had @entity7874 at baseline with a positive association between average annual @entity7874 change and baseline age. Although the overall median change was 32.9 (-1.4 to 112.2) Agatston units, 27% showed an annual score change of >= 100 and blacks showed the lowest median across ethnic groups; 22.7 (-3 to 86.8). Age, systolic blood pressure, lipid-lowering medication, @entity6 , and smoking were associated with @entity7874 progression. CONCLUSIONS: In MESA, traditional CV risk factors were related to both @entity7874 incidence and progression. Blacks had the lowest incidence and median change across ethnic groups, consistent with previous findings for coronary @entity730 .

title: Risk Factors for the Development and Progression of Thoracic Aorta Calcification: The Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['TAC', 'thoracic aortic calcification']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: In an era of increased demands and constrained budgets, it is necessary to make the best use of all available resources. This is difficult when specialized vision care, such as @entity4064 clinical assessment, is involved because of the heterogeneity of the @entity1 populations seen by such clinics. PURPOSE. This research attempts to discover if these diverse @entity1 populations can be identified and clustered into groups based upon similarity of clinical resources use. Specifically, the inquiry examines the potential for a @entity4064 @entity1 resource utilization classification scheme at the @entity4064 Clinic (LVC) in the Centre for Sight Enhancement (CSE), University of Waterloo. METHODS. From a sample of 99 @entity1 consulting the LVC in a 3-month period, retrospective data collection involved abstracting and coding medical records containing information detailing each @entity1 's demographic, diagnostic, therapeutic, and resource utilization characteristics. Cluster analysis using Hartigan's block clustering algorithm was then applied to the data. A replication study was completed using a sample of 99 @entity1 visiting the LVC 1 year later. RESULTS. @entity1 can be classified into five iso-resource groups, hereby termed @entity4064 @entity1 resource groups (LVPRGs). The clusters represent a resource consistent and clinically coherent scheme for classifying @entity4064 @entity1 based upon resource requirements. As a measure of repeatability, the groups reemerged in the replication study. CONCLUSIONS. If the groupings demonstrate robustness in a field test, clustering algorithms in general, and LVPRGs in specific, may offer useful tools to enhance resource utilization in the LVC setting.

title: XXXX resource usage prediction.

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['Low Vision', 'low vision']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity4064 :: (MESH:D015354,Disease) :: ['Clinical low vision']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the pharmacokinetic disposition of intravenous @entity208 and its metabolite @entity6652 in neonates with the @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) and to evaluate the subsequent degree of @entity3624 oxidase inhibition using serum @entity414 as a marker. METHODS: Pharmacokinetic data were evaluated in 12 stable preoperative neonates with @entity1699 after a single intravenous @entity208 administration of 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for elimination half-life, clearance, volume of distribution, and mean residence time. @entity3624 oxidase inhibition, measured by serum @entity414 reduction, was also measured. RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic parameters revealed no statistically significant differences between a 5-mg/kg and 10-mg/kg dose of intravenous @entity208 on elimination half-life, clearance, volume of distribution, and mean residence time. Mean serum @entity414 levels were significantly reduced from baseline by 39.99 and 42.94%, respectively, in the 5- and 10-mg/kg treatment groups. DISCUSSION: The enzyme @entity3624 oxidase plays a key biochemical role in the generation of toxic @entity26 -derived free radicals during @entity63 -reperfusion conditions. @entity208 and its active metabolite @entity6652 inhibit @entity3624 oxidase, and significantly reduce the conversion of @entity3625 to @entity3624 and @entity3624 to @entity414 . @entity131 may be caused by toxic @entity26 free radicals produced by @entity63 -reperfusion injury such as could occur during the repair of @entity1699 under hypothermic total @entity1167 . We hypothesize that @entity208 may provide protection from cellular injury in this clinical context.

title: The pharmacokinetics of injectable XXXX in newborns with the @entity1699 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Cell injury']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['Xanthine', 'xanthine']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity6652 :: ('MESH:D010117', 'Chemical') :: ['oxypurinol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['allopurinol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the pharmacokinetic disposition of intravenous @entity208 and its metabolite @entity6652 in neonates with the @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) and to evaluate the subsequent degree of @entity3624 oxidase inhibition using serum @entity414 as a marker. METHODS: Pharmacokinetic data were evaluated in 12 stable preoperative neonates with @entity1699 after a single intravenous @entity208 administration of 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for elimination half-life, clearance, volume of distribution, and mean residence time. @entity3624 oxidase inhibition, measured by serum @entity414 reduction, was also measured. RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic parameters revealed no statistically significant differences between a 5-mg/kg and 10-mg/kg dose of intravenous @entity208 on elimination half-life, clearance, volume of distribution, and mean residence time. Mean serum @entity414 levels were significantly reduced from baseline by 39.99 and 42.94%, respectively, in the 5- and 10-mg/kg treatment groups. DISCUSSION: The enzyme @entity3624 oxidase plays a key biochemical role in the generation of toxic @entity26 -derived free radicals during @entity63 -reperfusion conditions. @entity208 and its active metabolite @entity6652 inhibit @entity3624 oxidase, and significantly reduce the conversion of @entity3625 to @entity3624 and @entity3624 to @entity414 . @entity131 may be caused by toxic @entity26 free radicals produced by @entity63 -reperfusion injury such as could occur during the repair of @entity1699 under hypothermic total @entity1167 . We hypothesize that @entity208 may provide protection from cellular injury in this clinical context.

title: The pharmacokinetics of injectable @entity208 in newborns with the XXXX .

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural history of and risk factors for @entity2023 in the first 6 years of life. METHODS: Parents of 747 healthy @entity1 followed from birth completed a questionnaire when the @entity1 was 6 years old. Data were obtained regarding physician-diagnosed @entity2023 (PDAR), associated symptoms, and age at onset. Risk-factor data were taken from earlier questionnaires, and data regarding immunoglobulin E (IgE) and skin-test reactivity were obtained at age 6. RESULTS: By the age of 6, 42% of @entity1 had PDAR. @entity1 whose @entity2490 began in the first year of life had more respiratory symptoms at age 6 and were more likely to have a diagnosis of @entity565 . Early introduction of foods or formula, heavy maternal cigarette smoking in the first year of life, and higher IgE, as well as @entity56 , were associated with early development of @entity2490 . Risk factors for PDAR that remained significant in a multivariate model included maternal history of physician-diagnosed @entity566 (odds ratio: 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-3.54), @entity565 in the @entity1 (4.06, 2.06-7.99), and IgE greater than 100 IU/mL at age 6 (1.93, 1.18-3.17). The odds for atopic as opposed to nonatopic PDAR were significantly higher only among those with high IgE and those who had @entity235 . CONCLUSION: @entity2023 developing in the first years of life is an early manifestation of an @entity18249 , which may be triggered by early environmental mental exposures.

title: Epidemiology of physician-diagnosed XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['parental allergic disorders']

entities_list: @entity18249 :: ('MESH:D020022', 'Disease') :: ['atopic predisposition']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was performed on @entity1087 @entity1 , who had obstruction of the bile duct, in order to determine the exact site and nature of the @entity3883 . In the present series, six @entity1 were treated with external biliary drainage. Four of them received this treatment prior to radical surgery. In the remaining two cases the external drainage was a palliative procedure. In five @entity1 , the drainage catheter was internalized through the obstructed bile duct (internal biliary drainage). One of these @entity1 was subsequently treated with radical surgery. In two cases, the internal biliary drainage was palliative. In the two remaining cases, intraluminal selective irradiation was introduced via Iridium 192 flexible wires. Severe @entity7252 occurred in one @entity1 , who was successfully treated by lithotomy and "T" tube drainage. We conclude that the simplicity and low cost of these drainage procedures recommend them as extremely useful for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive @entity1087 @entity1 .

title: [Transhepatic biliary drainage as a method in the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction and to alleviate the jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['eleven jaundiced', 'jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['hemobilia']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['obstructive jaundice']


abstract: The present study includes all @entity1 with a traumatic @entity1566 in Sweden who became pregnant and delivered live @entity1 during 1980-1991. This group comprises six tetraplegic and 20 paraplegic @entity1 , all confined to a wheelchair. During the above mentioned period the @entity1 had delivered a total of 47 @entity1 . The study evaluated parental ability and quality of family life as regards interpersonal relationships, family relationships, social integration, recreational interests and demand for external assistance. An individual standardised interview was performed with all @entity1 . In addition a standardised questionnaire was sent to all spouses (n = 20) and to all @entity1 above 10 years of age (n = 10). All 26 @entity1 participated, 18 spouses completed and returned the questionnaires and all @entity1 took part in the study. We found an overall favourable outcome as regards the parameters evaluated. The families seem to live a rich and complete family life with very little demand for external help. They report a well functioning social network and seem socially integrated both as individuals and as families. To conclude, the study indicates that there is no reason to question females with an SCI in their roles as parents. The @entity1566 per se, in females, thus does not preclude the possibility of having a family and caring for @entity1 adequately.

title: Motherhood after traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Intracellular free @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) was monitored using the fluorescence from the dye @entity593 -AM in single myometrial cells from pregnant @entity35 . @entity398 and @entity934 applied to the cell evoked an initial peak in [ @entity141 ]i followed by a smaller sustained rise which was rapidly terminated upon removal of @entity934 or persisted after @entity398 removal. A @entity141 channel blocker ( @entity58766 ) and external @entity141 removal decreased both the transient and sustained rises in [ @entity141 ]i suggesting that @entity141 influx through L-type @entity141 channels participated in the global @entity141 response induced by @entity398 . However, the initial peak in [ @entity141 ]i produced by @entity398 was mainly due to @entity141 store release: it was abolished by inclusion of heparin [which blocks @entity671 (InsP3) receptors] in the pipette (whole-cell recording mode of patch-clamp) and external application of @entity2426 (which blocks sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 -ATPases). In contrast, the transient @entity141 response induced by @entity398 was unaffected by @entity8452 . Moreover, @entity5834 failed to induce a rise in [ @entity141 ]i but reduced the @entity398 -induced transient @entity141 response. The later sustained rise in [ @entity141 ]i produced by @entity398 was due to the entry of @entity141 into the cell as it was suppressed in external @entity141 -free solution. The @entity141 entry pathway is permeable to @entity3281 ions, in contrast to that described in various vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. @entity398 -induced @entity141 release is blocked by the @entity398 antagonist @entity54568 . The prolonged increase in [ @entity141 ]i after @entity398 removal is rapidly terminated by addition of the @entity398 antagonist suggesting that @entity398 dissociation from its receptor is very slow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX mobilizes calcium from a unique heparin-sensitive and @entity2426 -sensitive store in single myometrial cells from pregnant @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity58766 :: ('MESH:C053783', 'Chemical') :: ['oxodipine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['Oxytocin']


abstract: Intracellular free @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) was monitored using the fluorescence from the dye @entity593 -AM in single myometrial cells from pregnant @entity35 . @entity398 and @entity934 applied to the cell evoked an initial peak in [ @entity141 ]i followed by a smaller sustained rise which was rapidly terminated upon removal of @entity934 or persisted after @entity398 removal. A @entity141 channel blocker ( @entity58766 ) and external @entity141 removal decreased both the transient and sustained rises in [ @entity141 ]i suggesting that @entity141 influx through L-type @entity141 channels participated in the global @entity141 response induced by @entity398 . However, the initial peak in [ @entity141 ]i produced by @entity398 was mainly due to @entity141 store release: it was abolished by inclusion of heparin [which blocks @entity671 (InsP3) receptors] in the pipette (whole-cell recording mode of patch-clamp) and external application of @entity2426 (which blocks sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 -ATPases). In contrast, the transient @entity141 response induced by @entity398 was unaffected by @entity8452 . Moreover, @entity5834 failed to induce a rise in [ @entity141 ]i but reduced the @entity398 -induced transient @entity141 response. The later sustained rise in [ @entity141 ]i produced by @entity398 was due to the entry of @entity141 into the cell as it was suppressed in external @entity141 -free solution. The @entity141 entry pathway is permeable to @entity3281 ions, in contrast to that described in various vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. @entity398 -induced @entity141 release is blocked by the @entity398 antagonist @entity54568 . The prolonged increase in [ @entity141 ]i after @entity398 removal is rapidly terminated by addition of the @entity398 antagonist suggesting that @entity398 dissociation from its receptor is very slow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity398 mobilizes calcium from a unique heparin-sensitive and XXXX -sensitive store in single myometrial cells from pregnant @entity35 .

answer: @entity2426 :: (MESH:D019284,Chemical) :: ['thapsigargin']


abstract: Intracellular free @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) was monitored using the fluorescence from the dye @entity593 -AM in single myometrial cells from pregnant @entity35 . @entity398 and @entity934 applied to the cell evoked an initial peak in [ @entity141 ]i followed by a smaller sustained rise which was rapidly terminated upon removal of @entity934 or persisted after @entity398 removal. A @entity141 channel blocker ( @entity58766 ) and external @entity141 removal decreased both the transient and sustained rises in [ @entity141 ]i suggesting that @entity141 influx through L-type @entity141 channels participated in the global @entity141 response induced by @entity398 . However, the initial peak in [ @entity141 ]i produced by @entity398 was mainly due to @entity141 store release: it was abolished by inclusion of heparin [which blocks @entity671 (InsP3) receptors] in the pipette (whole-cell recording mode of patch-clamp) and external application of @entity2426 (which blocks sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 -ATPases). In contrast, the transient @entity141 response induced by @entity398 was unaffected by @entity8452 . Moreover, @entity5834 failed to induce a rise in [ @entity141 ]i but reduced the @entity398 -induced transient @entity141 response. The later sustained rise in [ @entity141 ]i produced by @entity398 was due to the entry of @entity141 into the cell as it was suppressed in external @entity141 -free solution. The @entity141 entry pathway is permeable to @entity3281 ions, in contrast to that described in various vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. @entity398 -induced @entity141 release is blocked by the @entity398 antagonist @entity54568 . The prolonged increase in [ @entity141 ]i after @entity398 removal is rapidly terminated by addition of the @entity398 antagonist suggesting that @entity398 dissociation from its receptor is very slow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity398 mobilizes calcium from a unique heparin-sensitive and @entity2426 -sensitive store in single myometrial cells from pregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In 9 clinics 177 @entity1 (68 @entity1 and 109 @entity1 ) aged 23-69 years with @entity1007 (TC above 6.5 mmol/L) were treated with @entity5753 for 12 weeks. The treatment was started with 20 mg daily. The dose was doubled every 4 weeks, if the total serum @entity165 level did not fall below 5.2 mmol/L. For 4 weeks before treatment with @entity5753 all @entity1 received placebo. After the first 4 weeks of therapy the mean TC level decreased significantly (from 8.09 mmol/L to 6.54 mmol/L) by 18.5%. In comparison with the results after placebo (the starting value), after the 8 weeks of the therapy the TC level reduction reached 22.4% and after 12 weeks 23.5%. The mean LDL @entity165 decreased by 26.1%, 30.8% and 32.9% after 4.8 and 12 weeks of @entity5753 treatment respectively. An increase in HDL @entity165 by 5.9%, 6.0% and 7.6% and decrease in @entity412 level by 10.7%, 14.9% and 14.0% respectively was also observed. In 6 @entity1 on @entity5753 treatment symptoms of acute @entity788 in 1 case, a @entity231 in 1 case and aggravation of @entity301 in 4 cases were noticed. These symptoms in the light of our knowledge of the mechanism of action of the drug used and of its side effects described in other trials, may be considered of independent on @entity5753 . The treatment was discontinued in 5 cases (because of gastrointestinal intolerance in 2 @entity1 , of aggravation of @entity301 in 2 @entity1 and of @entity158 in the right hypochondrium in 1 @entity1 who himself decided to stop the therapy).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in the treatment of @entity1007 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5753 :: (MESH:D008148,Chemical) :: ['Lovastatin']


abstract: In 9 clinics 177 @entity1 (68 @entity1 and 109 @entity1 ) aged 23-69 years with @entity1007 (TC above 6.5 mmol/L) were treated with @entity5753 for 12 weeks. The treatment was started with 20 mg daily. The dose was doubled every 4 weeks, if the total serum @entity165 level did not fall below 5.2 mmol/L. For 4 weeks before treatment with @entity5753 all @entity1 received placebo. After the first 4 weeks of therapy the mean TC level decreased significantly (from 8.09 mmol/L to 6.54 mmol/L) by 18.5%. In comparison with the results after placebo (the starting value), after the 8 weeks of the therapy the TC level reduction reached 22.4% and after 12 weeks 23.5%. The mean LDL @entity165 decreased by 26.1%, 30.8% and 32.9% after 4.8 and 12 weeks of @entity5753 treatment respectively. An increase in HDL @entity165 by 5.9%, 6.0% and 7.6% and decrease in @entity412 level by 10.7%, 14.9% and 14.0% respectively was also observed. In 6 @entity1 on @entity5753 treatment symptoms of acute @entity788 in 1 case, a @entity231 in 1 case and aggravation of @entity301 in 4 cases were noticed. These symptoms in the light of our knowledge of the mechanism of action of the drug used and of its side effects described in other trials, may be considered of independent on @entity5753 . The treatment was discontinued in 5 cases (because of gastrointestinal intolerance in 2 @entity1 , of aggravation of @entity301 in 2 @entity1 and of @entity158 in the right hypochondrium in 1 @entity1 who himself decided to stop the therapy).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity5753 in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: With effective screening programmes, the global incidence of @entity0 has risen to 15%, representing 20 to 30% of the mammographically detected T0 @entity5 . Prognosis is generally good in these @entity5 , but treatment has in the past, paradoxically, relied on extensive surgery. We report our experience with conservative radiosurgery performed in such cases from 1980 to 1990. METHODS: There were 86 @entity1 with a mean age of 52 years. Initial TNM classification was T0 = 57, T1 = 17, T2 = 9 and Tx = 3. All underwent limited surgery (quadrantectomy: 17; lumpectomy: 69) and 49 had axillary dissection. All received breast irradiation with scar boost (46-50 Gy + 10-14 Gy with classical fractionation). Thirty one postmenopausal @entity1 received adjuvant @entity440 . The quality of the resection was good in 77 cases, doubtful or incomplete in 9. In one case axillary nodal involvement was found. The histological subtype was clearly identified in 63 cases. With a median follow-up of 58 months, 3 local relapses occurred (3.4%), at 27, 48 and 52 months respectively. One was in situ and two invasive. All were clinical lesions (2 T1 and 1 T2); two had incomplete or doubtful excision and all received less than 60 Gy on the @entity5 bed. All had mastectomy. Two are alive and well but one developed multiple @entity3 . Five other @entity1 had subsequent surgery for suspicion of local relapse but all had benign disease. One developed @entity66 20 months later. Two @entity1 died subsequently due to a second @entity5 . CONCLUSION: These results confirm the importance of the excision quality and suggests a possible dose-effect in the control of @entity3821 by radiotherapy. The recent results of the B-17 NSBAP trial also conclude that the radiosurgical conservative treatment, for limited @entity3821 , is a reasonable alternative to mastectomy.

title: [Conservative radiosurgical treatment in in situ ductal XXXX . Analysis of 86 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['in situ ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['in situ ductal carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['cancer of the breast']


abstract: Analysis of intermediate- and long-term results of surgical treatment of @entity91 is lacking. We therefore retrospectively studied 23 @entity1 with @entity91 (14 males, 9 females) who have been followed from 3 months to 8.1 years (mean 42.5 months) after operation. Age at first operation ranged from 2 to 56 months (mean 8.2 months), with 15 @entity1 operated on before 6 months and 8 after 7 months. Fronto-orbital remodeling and calvarial vault reshaping with floating forehead techniques were carried out in all @entity1 . Stabilization of bony segments was accomplished with microplates and screws in 7 @entity1 (30 percent), wires in 15 (65 percent), and absorbable sutures in 1. Complications included minor wound dehiscence (n = 1), @entity410 (n = 1), and @entity428 (n = 1). Postoperative photographic documentation of surgical results was available in 17 of the 23 @entity1 . Aesthetic outcome in these 17 @entity1 was graded (I = none or minor contour irregularities; II = moderate; and III = severe) by one of the authors (Cohen) and by a lay panel (n = 3) according to the degree of @entity2694 . Judged by the surgeon, grade I results were present in 53 percent, grade II in 35 percent, and grade III in 12 percent. To date, total reoperation (reoperative fronto-orbital remodeling and calvarial vault reshaping) was necessary in 2 @entity1 (9 percent), one of whom had signs of @entity428 3 years after the original craniofacial procedure, while partial reoperation (temporal cranioplasty) was carried out (n = 2) or recommended (n = 3) in another 5 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : evaluation of aesthetic results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['residual cranio-orbital deformity']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['metopic synostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['Metopic synostosis']


abstract: In a clinical experiment, @entity1 with intractable capsular contracture were treated with intracapsular injections of @entity2713 . One group consisted of 16 @entity1 with @entity1159 that could not be released with closed compression. In this group, there was modest success, with correction of the problem without surgery in less than half. The second group consisted of 4 @entity1 who had each had at least three previous closed capsulotomies with recurrent contracture. In this group, all @entity1159 were resolved without operation. There were four major complications and several minor complications. Major complications included three cases of major @entity194 requiring surgical correction. This problem appeared to have been eliminated by reduction of the dose. There was one implant puncture. The potential role of this method in clinical practice will require further study, but it appears to have its greatest utility in prevention of recurrent contracture.

title: Intracapsular injection of XXXX for intractable capsule contracture.

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2713 :: (MESH:D014221,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone']


abstract: Two-hundred-sixty-two @entity1491 were treated by electrocoagulation over a six-year period. Eighty-four percent of these lesions were @entity1491 . The overall recurrence rate was 3% in a personal 2--9-year follow-up. Those lesions measuring 2--5 cm had a 4% recurrence rate. All operations were done on an ambulatory basis. One-third of the @entity1 were 70 years of age or older. This method has been found to be effective in the treatment of postradiation recurrences of @entity1489 . Up to now such recurrences have defied attempts at cure. The technique is simple, safe, convenient, economical, and highly effective. It is believed that electrocoagulation and curettage should be considered the ideal therapy for those @entity1489 in all locations in which surgical excision and primary closure cannot be done without plastic surgical intervention.

title: Electrocoagulation for XXXX : an old oncologic tool revisited.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer', 'skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas', 'squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: Medium chain glycerides (MCGs) have been reported to enhance intestinal absorption of hydrophilic drugs. However, the mechanisms involved in absorption enhancement are not well understood. The effects of MCGs (CapMul @entity21212 ) on physiological properties of @entity95 ileum and distal colon, including active ion transport, transepithelial resistance (Rt) and passive permeability, have been investigated in vitro. CapMul @entity21212 inhibited active ion transport (measured as a decrease in short-circuit current, Isc) in both intestinal segments in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition of Isc was rapidly reversible (within 100 min) upon removal of CapMul @entity21212 . The data indicate that CapMul @entity21212 preferentially affected ion transport by villus cells in the ileum and surface cells in the distal colon. Ion transport in crypt cells in both segments was not significantly altered. Rt of the ileum was not significantly affected by 5% CapMul @entity21212 , while @entity2656 transport was 6 fold enhanced. Treatment of distal colon with 1% CapMul @entity21212 reduced Rt by 95%, while @entity2656 transport was 100 fold enhanced. In a parallel experiment, mucosal(m)-to-serosal(s) transport of @entity7265 , a @entity3405 antibiotic, in the ileum was about 40% reduced in the presence of 5% CapMul @entity21212 , whereas transport in the s-to-m direction was 2.5 fold enhanced. Treatment of the distal colon with 1% CapMul @entity21212 resulted in 25 fold enhancement of @entity7265 transport in either direction. These results suggest that absorption enhancement by MCGs results from an increased permeability of the intestine confined to the villus or surface epithelium.

title: Effect of medium-chain glycerides on physiological properties of XXXX intestinal epithelium in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity7265 :: ('MESH:D002506', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalexin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Two @entity1 -materials with @entity418 are analyzed: a group of 22 @entity1 who, during the period 1971-1974, were treated with esophageal resection followed by esophagogastrostomy or colonic interpolation; a second group of 28 @entity1 from 1975-1978, who were treated in the same way, but also given either preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy, or both. Surgical mortality was about the same in the two groups: 25-32%. The group given radiation therapy had a one-year survival rate of 50%, as compared with 23% in the group treated solely with surgery. All 24 @entity1 given combined therapy, with all or part of the absorbed dose of 24-47 Gy given preoperatively, showed @entity5 in resected specimens. @entity5 was found in the periesophageal nodes in only six @entity1 (25%), however; @entity1 given no preoperative radiation therapy had @entity5 in 20 of 26 cases (77%; P less than 0.01). Celiac nodes were resected at laparotomy; when @entity5 was found, the celiac region was irradiated postoperatively. This finding does not appear to exclude long-term survival, as two @entity1 with @entity3 to the celiac nodes at operation are alive 16 and 20.5 months following surgery. Simple compared to troublesome dissection gives a better rate of survival. The spleen was unintentionally injured in 21 @entity1 at laparotomy and had to be removed. One-year survival was better in @entity1 with intact spleen, especially in those who also had radiation therapy. @entity1 with resected spleen succumbed from @entity3 more often than from mediastinal recurrence, as compared with the @entity1 with intact spleen.

title: Surgery alone or combined with radiation therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vital cancer', 'tumor', 'Vital cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']