abstract: OBJECTIVES: Multi-dimentional problems of @entity15 @entity1 require emergent and scientific approach to be followed. This present study was carried out in 2009 to ascertain educational needs of @entity15 @entity1 in relation to their psycho mental and socio economic status. METHODS: 174 @entity1 referred to Iran's @entity15 Society were included in this study. Samples were chosen using a simple randomized method from @entity1 that fulfill the inclusion criteria. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire covered 4 main areas: 1) demographic data, 2) @entity1 tendency for education, 3) @entity1 's need for training about the nature of the disease and 4) educational need in 2 aspects of psycho mental and socio economical. RESULTS: The age of the study group ranged between 32-39 years. 71.3% of the @entity1 were female and 59.8% were married. 27.7% of the @entity1 had an @entity15 history of less than 3 years. The results showed that 39.1% of the @entity1 needed a high level of education. 0.6% of the @entity1 expressed their need to get more information about the nature of @entity15 . While 54.62% required education to decrease their @entity308 and 61.5% needed education for @entity148 control. 61.5% of @entity1 required education about drugs procuring and 58% needed education for their professional difficulties. Further analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship between the need for training in the psycho mental category and education level (p=0.0035), as well as the acceptance of the disease by the @entity1 (p>0.001). Educational needs of @entity1 within socio economic groups showed no significant correlation with other factors which were investigated in this study. CONCLUSION: The findings revealed some specific characteristics which necessitate the need for more training for @entity1 experiencing psycho mental problems than @entity1 experiencing socioeconomic problems. This indicates that additional attention is to be followed for delivering education for @entity1 having @entity532 .

title: Educational, Psycho Mental and Socio economical needs of an Iranian Cohort with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['psycho mental complications']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Computational flow dynamic (CFD) study has not been widely applied in intracranial @entity2791 due to requirement of high resolution in identifying the small intracranial artery. We described a process in CFD study applied to symptomatic severe intracranial (M1) @entity850 before and after stenting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reconstructed 3D angiography in STL format was transferred to Magics (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) for smoothing of vessel surface and trimming of branch vessels and to HyperMesh (Altair Engineering Inc., Auckland, New Zealand) for generating tetra volume mesh from triangular surface-meshed 3D angiogram. Computational analysis of blood flow in the blood vessels was performed using the commercial finite element software ADINA Ver 8.5 (ADINA R _ D, Inc., Lebanon, MA). The distribution of @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ), peak velocity and pressure in a @entity1 was analyzed before and after intracranial stenting. RESULTS: Computer simulation of @entity1642 , flow velocity and wall pressure before and after stenting could be demonstrated three dimensionally by video mode according to flow vs. time dimension. Such flow model was well correlated with angiographic finding related to maximum degree of @entity850 . Change of @entity1642 , peak velocity and pressure at the severe @entity850 was demonstrated before and after stenting. There was no @entity1642 after stenting in case without residual @entity850 . CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that CFD analysis before and after intracranial stenting was feasible despite of limited vessel wall dimension and could reveal change of @entity1642 as well as flow velocity and wall pressure.

title: Computational flow dynamics of the severe m1 XXXX before and after stenting.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WSS', 'wall shear stress']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of smoking on long-term outcomes of @entity50 for chronic rhinosinusitis. METHODS: The study prospectively enrolled 274 @entity1 at the Department of Otolaryngology of the Warsaw Medical University from 1993 to 2000. All @entity1 were diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis and scheduled for the @entity50 . We evaluated subgroups of @entity1 with respect to @entity565 , @entity566 , @entity117 triad, @entity354 and @entity5381 . @entity1 were divided into smokers and non-smokers. @entity1 CT scan results were recorded according to the four-grade classification system by Kennedy. @entity1 were observed over a period between 2 to 9 years following the surgical intervention and had their surgery revised if the severity of symptoms were at the same level or worsened. RESULTS: Prior to @entity50 , 23% of smokers and 20% of non-smokers scored III or IV on the Kennedy Scale. The revision ESS was carried out in 27 @entity1 . In this group there were 20% smokers and 7% non-smokers, with the difference being significant. There was no significant difference in the postoperative quality of life scale scores. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that while smoking did not influence preoperative symptoms, smokers had worse postoperative outcomes.

title: Influence of cigarette smoking on XXXX long-term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5381 :: ('MESH:D061270', 'Disease') :: ['nasal septal deviation']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-esophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic sinus surgery']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['endoscopic sinus surgery']


abstract: Attempts to reduce or eliminate delayed-onset of @entity925 are important as this condition is @entity158 and debilitating. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of whole-body vibration (WBV) massage and stretching exercises at reducing perceived @entity158 among untrained @entity1 . Sixteen adult @entity1 (age, 36.6 +/- 2.1 yr) volunteered to perform a strenuous exercise session consisting of resistance training and repeated sprints. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 recovery groups: a group performing WBV stretching sessions or a stretching group performing static stretching without vibration. Both groups performed similar stretches, twice per day for 3 days after the workout. The vibration group performed their stretches on the iTonic platform (frequency, 35 Hz; amplitude, 2 mm). Perceived @entity158 was measured at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours postworkout. Statistical analyses identified a significantly lower level of reported perceived @entity158 at all postworkout measurement times among the WBV group (p < 0.05). No difference existed at the preworkout measurement time. The degree of attenuation of @entity158 ranged from 22-61%. These data suggest that incorporating WBV as a recovery/regeneration tool may be effective for reducing the @entity158 of @entity925 and tightness after strenuous training.

title: Effect of iTonic whole-body vibration on delayed-onset XXXX among untrained individuals.

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle soreness']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity925 :: (MESH:D063806,Disease) :: ['muscle soreness']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate hemodynamic changes of the retrobulbar vasculature caused by different intraocular pressures with color Doppler ultrasonography. Fifty normal eyes in 25 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 with normal tension @entity726 , and 19 @entity1 with @entity726 and @entity2790 (greater than 30 mm Hg) were enrolled in this study. In 15 of 19 @entity1 with @entity726 @entity1 , follow-up color Doppler ultrasonography was also undertaken after laser peripheral iridectomy when the intraocular pressure had returned to normal. The peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, resistive index, time average maximum velocity, and pulsatility index were compared in different vessels, including the central retinal artery, lateral posterior ciliary artery, medial posterior ciliary artery, and ophthalmic artery in each orbit. The peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and time average maximum velocity of the central retinal artery were significantly lower (P<0.01) in @entity726 @entity1 than in the control group. The resistive index and pulsatility index of the central retinal artery were significantly higher (P<0.01) in @entity726 @entity1 than in the control group. The end diastolic velocity of the lateral and medial posterior ciliary arteries was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity726 than in the control group, and the resistive index and pulsatility index of both of these arteries were significantly higher (P<0.001) in @entity1 with @entity726 than in the control group. However, no statistical significantly differences were found in the peak systolic velocity or time average maximum velocity in either of the posterior ciliary arteries; similarly, no statistically significant differences were noted in any of the parameters in the ophthalmic artery between the control group and the group with @entity726 . The pulsatility index of the central retinal artery and of the lateral and medial posterior ciliary arteries was significantly lower (P<0.01) in @entity726 @entity1 after laser therapy than in @entity726 @entity1 before laser therapy. The resistive index of both posterior ciliary arteries was also significantly lower (P<0.004) in @entity726 @entity1 after laser therapy than before laser therapy. All parameters for all vessels examined among the normal subjects, the @entity1 with normal tension @entity726 , and the @entity1 with @entity726 after laser therapy when the intraocular pressure had returned to normal showed no statistically significant differences. Color Doppler ultrasonography is a good modality for both imaging and studying the hemodynamics of the perioptic nerve vessels.

title: Evaluation of ocular arterial changes in XXXX with color Doppler ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['increased intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'acute glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Natalizumab is the first alpha4 integrin antagonist in a new class of selective adhesion-molecule inhibitors. We report the results of a two-year phase 3 trial of natalizumab in @entity1 with relapsing @entity15 . METHODS: Of a total of 942 @entity1 , 627 were randomly assigned to receive natalizumab (at a dose of 300 mg) and 315 to receive placebo by intravenous infusion every four weeks for more than two years. The primary end points were the rate of clinical relapse at one year and the rate of sustained progression of disability, as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale, at two years. RESULTS: Natalizumab reduced the risk of sustained progression of disability by 42 percent over two years (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.77; P<0.001). The cumulative probability of progression (on the basis of Kaplan-Meier analysis) was 17 percent in the natalizumab group and 29 percent in the placebo group. Natalizumab reduced the rate of clinical relapse at one year by 68 percent (P<0.001) and led to an 83 percent reduction in the accumulation of new or enlarging hyperintense lesions, as detected by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), over two years (mean numbers of lesions, 1.9 with natalizumab and 11.0 with placebo; P<0.001). There were 92 percent fewer lesions (as detected by @entity2287 -enhanced MRI) in the natalizumab group than in the placebo group at both one and two years (P<0.001). The adverse events that were significantly more frequent in the natalizumab group than in the placebo group were @entity1295 (27 percent vs. 21 percent, P=0.048) and @entity56 (9 percent vs. 4 percent, P=0.012). @entity56 reactions of any kind occurred in 25 @entity1 receiving natalizumab (4 percent), and serious @entity56 occurred in 8 @entity1 (1 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Natalizumab reduced the risk of the sustained progression of disability and the rate of clinical relapse in @entity1 with relapsing @entity15 . Adhesion-molecule inhibitors hold promise as an effective treatment for relapsing @entity15 . (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00027300.).

title: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity reactions', 'allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Open reduction and internal fixation is currently the accepted treatment for displaced @entity130 . However, even with anatomic reduction and stable internal fixation, treatment of these injuries does not have uniformly excellent outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare primary arthrodesis with open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of primarily ligamentous @entity130 . METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 with an isolated acute or subacute primarily ligamentous @entity130 were enrolled in a prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing primary arthrodesis with traditional open reduction and internal fixation. The @entity1 were followed for an average of 42.5 months. Evaluation was performed with clinical examination, radiography, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Midfoot Scale, a visual analog @entity158 scale, and a clinical questionnaire. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were treated with open reduction and screw fixation, and twenty-one @entity1 were treated with primary arthrodesis of the medial two or three rays. Anatomic initial reduction was obtained in eighteen of the twenty @entity1 in the open-reduction group and twenty of the twenty-one in the arthrodesis group. At two years postoperatively, the mean AOFAS Midfoot score was 68.6 points in the open-reduction group and 88 points in the arthrodesis group (p < 0.005). Five @entity1 in the open-reduction group had persistent @entity158 with the development of @entity85 or @entity571 , and they were eventually treated with arthrodesis. The @entity1 who had been treated with a primary arthrodesis estimated that their postoperative level of activities was 92% of their preinjury level, whereas the open-reduction group estimated that their postoperative level was only 65% of their preoperative level (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: A primary stable arthrodesis of the medial two or three rays appears to have a better short and medium-term outcome than open reduction and internal fixation of ligamentous @entity130 .

title: Treatment of primarily ligamentous XXXX : primary arthrodesis compared with open reduction and internal fixation. A prospective, randomized study.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Lisfranc joint injuries', 'Lisfranc joint injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Lisfranc joint injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The functional outcomes following ankle arthrodesis are not known. The purpose of the present study was to compare the intermediate-term clinical results for a group of @entity1 in whom an ankle arthrodesis had been performed with use of modern surgical techniques with the findings for a group of healthy gender and age-matched controls on the basis of validated outcome measures and gait analysis. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 who had undergone ankle arthrodesis for the treatment of isolated unilateral @entity625 were identified and retrospectively assessed clinically and radiographically. The mean age at the time of surgery was fifty-four years, and the mean interval between surgery and assessment was forty-four months. A gender and age-matched control group of twenty-seven individuals was recruited for comparison. All subjects were evaluated with gait analysis, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot scale, the Musculoskeletal Outcomes Data Evaluation and Management Systems (MODEMS) questionnaire, and the @entity3681 ( @entity3681 ). RESULTS: On preliminary review, twenty of the twenty-six @entity1 were completely satisfied or satisfied with their surgical outcome. All @entity1 but one stated that they would undergo the surgery again. Five @entity1 stated that they did not notice a gait abnormality. Twelve @entity1 wore orthotics, and all believed that the use of the orthotics improved their gait. When the functional outcome scores in the arthrodesis group were compared with those in the control group, specific scores assessing hindfoot @entity158 and satisfaction were similar. However, scores focusing on ankle-hindfoot function and disability revealed significant differences. Gait analysis also identified significant differences between the two groups with regard to cadence and stride length. In addition, there was significantly decreased sagittal, coronal, and transverse range of motion of the hindfoot and midfoot during the stance and swing phases of gait in the arthrodesis group. Radiographic review demonstrated that four of the twenty-six @entity1 had development of moderate to severe @entity625 of the subtalar joint. CONCLUSIONS: In the intermediate term following an arthrodesis for the treatment of end-stage @entity625 , @entity158 is reliably relieved and there is good @entity1 satisfaction. However, there are substantial differences between @entity1 and the normal population with regard to hindfoot function and gait. On the basis of these results, @entity1 should be counseled that an ankle fusion will help to relieve @entity158 and to improve overall function; however, it is a salvage procedure that will cause persistent alterations in gait with a potential for deterioration due to the development of @entity625 .

title: Gait analysis and functional outcomes following ankle arthrodesis for isolated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'ipsilateral hindfoot arthritis', 'ankle arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale', 'AOS']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['ankle arthritis']


abstract: We investigated the molecular basis of @entity6805 in a @entity1 with a normal thrombin clotting time. Protein analysis indicated equal plasma expression of 2 different Bbeta alleles, and DNA sequencing confirmed heterozygosity for a new Bbeta @entity72378 mutation. Protein analysis also revealed a novel gamma(D) chain, present at a ratio of 1:2 relative to the gamma(A) chain. Mass spectrometry indicated a 14 d decrease in the gamma(D)-chain mass, and DNA sequencing showed this was caused by a novel gamma @entity72379 substitution. DNA sequencing established heterozygosity for 2 further mutations: @entity14552 in intron 4 of the Aalpha gene and @entity6407 in the 3' noncoding region of the Bbeta gene. Studies on the @entity1 's daughter, together with plasma expression levels, discounted both the Aalpha and Bbeta mutations as the cause of the low fibrinogen, suggesting that the gamma82 mutation caused the @entity6805 . This was supported by analysis of 31 normal controls in whom the Bbeta mutations were found at polymorphic levels, with an allelic frequency of 5% for the Bbeta235 mutation and 42% for the Bbeta 3' untranslated mutation. The gamma82 mutation was, however, unique to the propositus. Residue gamma82 is located in the triple helix that separates the E and D domains, and aberrant packing of the helices may explain the decreased fibrinogen concentration. (Blood. 2000;95:1709-1713)

title: XXXX in an individual with 2 coding (gamma @entity72379 and Bbeta @entity72378 ) and 2 noncoding mutations.

entities_list: @entity6805 :: ('MESH:C531603', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinogenemia']

answer: @entity6805 :: (MESH:C531603,Disease) :: ['Hypofibrinogenemia']


abstract: We investigated the molecular basis of @entity6805 in a @entity1 with a normal thrombin clotting time. Protein analysis indicated equal plasma expression of 2 different Bbeta alleles, and DNA sequencing confirmed heterozygosity for a new Bbeta @entity72378 mutation. Protein analysis also revealed a novel gamma(D) chain, present at a ratio of 1:2 relative to the gamma(A) chain. Mass spectrometry indicated a 14 d decrease in the gamma(D)-chain mass, and DNA sequencing showed this was caused by a novel gamma @entity72379 substitution. DNA sequencing established heterozygosity for 2 further mutations: @entity14552 in intron 4 of the Aalpha gene and @entity6407 in the 3' noncoding region of the Bbeta gene. Studies on the @entity1 's daughter, together with plasma expression levels, discounted both the Aalpha and Bbeta mutations as the cause of the low fibrinogen, suggesting that the gamma82 mutation caused the @entity6805 . This was supported by analysis of 31 normal controls in whom the Bbeta mutations were found at polymorphic levels, with an allelic frequency of 5% for the Bbeta235 mutation and 42% for the Bbeta 3' untranslated mutation. The gamma82 mutation was, however, unique to the propositus. Residue gamma82 is located in the triple helix that separates the E and D domains, and aberrant packing of the helices may explain the decreased fibrinogen concentration. (Blood. 2000;95:1709-1713)

title: @entity6805 in an individual with 2 coding (gamma @entity72379 and Bbeta XXXX ) and 2 noncoding mutations.

answer: @entity72378 :: (p|SUB|P|235|L,ProteinMutation) :: ['235 P-->L']


abstract: We investigated the molecular basis of @entity6805 in a @entity1 with a normal thrombin clotting time. Protein analysis indicated equal plasma expression of 2 different Bbeta alleles, and DNA sequencing confirmed heterozygosity for a new Bbeta @entity72378 mutation. Protein analysis also revealed a novel gamma(D) chain, present at a ratio of 1:2 relative to the gamma(A) chain. Mass spectrometry indicated a 14 d decrease in the gamma(D)-chain mass, and DNA sequencing showed this was caused by a novel gamma @entity72379 substitution. DNA sequencing established heterozygosity for 2 further mutations: @entity14552 in intron 4 of the Aalpha gene and @entity6407 in the 3' noncoding region of the Bbeta gene. Studies on the @entity1 's daughter, together with plasma expression levels, discounted both the Aalpha and Bbeta mutations as the cause of the low fibrinogen, suggesting that the gamma82 mutation caused the @entity6805 . This was supported by analysis of 31 normal controls in whom the Bbeta mutations were found at polymorphic levels, with an allelic frequency of 5% for the Bbeta235 mutation and 42% for the Bbeta 3' untranslated mutation. The gamma82 mutation was, however, unique to the propositus. Residue gamma82 is located in the triple helix that separates the E and D domains, and aberrant packing of the helices may explain the decreased fibrinogen concentration. (Blood. 2000;95:1709-1713)

title: @entity6805 in an individual with 2 coding (gamma XXXX and Bbeta @entity72378 ) and 2 noncoding mutations.

answer: @entity72379 :: (c|SUB|A|82|G,DNAMutation) :: ['82 A-->G']


abstract: In the foregoing articles, the editors of @entity105 have identified the major themes of current @entity105 research and assembled an outstanding group of authors to review these areas. I have been asked to provide a historical overview of past accomplishments and describe how these contributed to the broader efforts to overcome the burden of @entity1 @entity5 . My assignment also included a look into the future. As scientists we formulate hypotheses that attempt to predict the future. Occasionally we are successful. The pioneers of @entity105 research were remarkably successful in predicting the future. Armed with primitive technology relative to today, these scientists studied the biology of @entity105 and conceptualized a framework for @entity5 pathogenesis that virtually everyone working in @entity5 research follows today. The current generation has been charged with filling in the details. In the details lay the future. Together with past accomplishments, these emerging details form a remarkable picture of progress in understanding and application, creating realistic and imminent promise to achieve victory in the fight against @entity5 .

title: Overview of XXXX : past, present and future.

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis', 'Carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We conducted a study to detect, quantify and compare irrigation fluid absorption in transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), using BEC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 50 @entity1 of lower urinary tract symptoms, secondary to benign enlargement of prostate. The @entity1 were nonrandomly allocated to undergo TURP and HoLEP. Twenty-six @entity1 underwent TURP and the remaining 24 underwent HoLEP. Sterile water tagged with 1% @entity1068 w/v was used for irrigation. Absorption was detected and quantified every 10min by BEC levels. Data was analyzed using standard nomograms. RESULTS: In HoLEP, 14/24 had no fluid absorption. The remaining 10/24 showed fluid absorption ranging from 95 ml to 300 ml. In TURP, all had fluid absorption ranging from 250-980 ml. Three TURP @entity1 developed overt symptoms, while none did in the HoLEP group. CONCLUSIONS: Fluid absorption observed in our study in the HoLEP group was lower than in the TURP group.

title: Comparison of fluid absorption during transurethral resection of prostate and Holmium-Yag laser enucleation of benign adenoma of prostate using breath XXXX concentration.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the large ribosomal RNA region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was developed as a genetic marker for investigating mitochondrial transmission in sexual crosses of the @entity1 pathogenic basidiomycetous @entity375 @entity1327 JEC20 of @entity1327 . neoformans (mat a) was mated with six strains of @entity11937 (mat alpha). Successful mating was indicated by the formation of hyphae and basidiospores. These basidiospores were examined for mtDNA RFLP genotypes. All 570 basidiospores examined from the six crosses showed the mtDNA genotype of strain JEC20. The failure to recover the @entity11937 mtDNA in any cross indicates that the @entity11937 mtDNA is either selectively eliminated in the newly formed dikaryon or selectively excluded in the immediate dikaryotic hyphae of the newly formed dikaryon.

title: Uniparental mitochondrial transmission in sexual crosses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11937 :: ('178876', 'Species') :: ['C. neoformans var. grubii']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans. Strain', 'C. neoformans var']

answer: @entity1327 :: (5207,Species) :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']


abstract: A common feature of @entity1315 and of animal models of @entity302 is the growth of hippocampal mossy fibers into the dentate molecular layer, where at least some of them innervate granule cells. Because the mossy fibers are axons of granule cells, the recurrent mossy fiber pathway provides monosynaptic excitatory feedback to these neurons that could facilitate @entity410 discharge. We used the @entity2134 model of @entity1315 to study the synaptic responses evoked by activating this pathway. Whole cell patch-clamp recording demonstrated that antidromic stimulation of the mossy fibers evoked an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in approximately 74% of granule cells from @entity35 that had survived >10 wk after @entity2134 -induced @entity159 . Recurrent mossy fiber growth was demonstrated with the Timm stain in all instances. In contrast, antidromic stimulation of the mossy fibers evoked an EPSC in only 5% of granule cells studied 4-6 days after @entity159 , before recurrent mossy fiber growth became detectable. Notably, antidromic mossy fiber stimulation also evoked an EPSC in many granule cells from control @entity35 . Clusters of mossy fiber-like Timm staining normally were present in the inner third of the dentate molecular layer at the level of the hippocampal formation from which slices were prepared, and several considerations suggested that the recorded EPSCs depended mainly on activation of recurrent mossy fibers rather than associational fibers. In both @entity159 and control groups, the antidromically evoked EPSC was glutamatergic and involved the activation of both @entity140 / @entity4176 and @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors. EPSCs recorded in granule cells from @entity35 with recurrent mossy fiber growth differed in three respects from those recorded in control granule cells: they were much more frequently evoked, a number of them were unusually large, and the @entity143 component of the response was generally much more prominent. In contrast to the antidromically evoked EPSC, the EPSC evoked by stimulation of the perforant path appeared to be unaffected by a prior episode of @entity159 . These results support the hypothesis that recurrent mossy fiber growth and synapse formation increases the excitatory drive to dentate granule cells and thus facilitates repetitive synchronous discharge. Activation of @entity143 receptors in the recurrent pathway may contribute to @entity410 propagation under depolarizing conditions. Mossy fiber-granule cell synapses also are present in normal @entity35 , where they may contribute to repetitive granule cell discharge in regions of the dentate gyrus where their numbers are significant.

title: Recurrent mossy fiber pathway in @entity35 dentate gyrus: synaptic currents evoked in presence and absence of XXXX -induced growth.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: A common feature of @entity1315 and of animal models of @entity302 is the growth of hippocampal mossy fibers into the dentate molecular layer, where at least some of them innervate granule cells. Because the mossy fibers are axons of granule cells, the recurrent mossy fiber pathway provides monosynaptic excitatory feedback to these neurons that could facilitate @entity410 discharge. We used the @entity2134 model of @entity1315 to study the synaptic responses evoked by activating this pathway. Whole cell patch-clamp recording demonstrated that antidromic stimulation of the mossy fibers evoked an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in approximately 74% of granule cells from @entity35 that had survived >10 wk after @entity2134 -induced @entity159 . Recurrent mossy fiber growth was demonstrated with the Timm stain in all instances. In contrast, antidromic stimulation of the mossy fibers evoked an EPSC in only 5% of granule cells studied 4-6 days after @entity159 , before recurrent mossy fiber growth became detectable. Notably, antidromic mossy fiber stimulation also evoked an EPSC in many granule cells from control @entity35 . Clusters of mossy fiber-like Timm staining normally were present in the inner third of the dentate molecular layer at the level of the hippocampal formation from which slices were prepared, and several considerations suggested that the recorded EPSCs depended mainly on activation of recurrent mossy fibers rather than associational fibers. In both @entity159 and control groups, the antidromically evoked EPSC was glutamatergic and involved the activation of both @entity140 / @entity4176 and @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors. EPSCs recorded in granule cells from @entity35 with recurrent mossy fiber growth differed in three respects from those recorded in control granule cells: they were much more frequently evoked, a number of them were unusually large, and the @entity143 component of the response was generally much more prominent. In contrast to the antidromically evoked EPSC, the EPSC evoked by stimulation of the perforant path appeared to be unaffected by a prior episode of @entity159 . These results support the hypothesis that recurrent mossy fiber growth and synapse formation increases the excitatory drive to dentate granule cells and thus facilitates repetitive synchronous discharge. Activation of @entity143 receptors in the recurrent pathway may contribute to @entity410 propagation under depolarizing conditions. Mossy fiber-granule cell synapses also are present in normal @entity35 , where they may contribute to repetitive granule cell discharge in regions of the dentate gyrus where their numbers are significant.

title: Recurrent mossy fiber pathway in XXXX dentate gyrus: synaptic currents evoked in presence and absence of @entity410 -induced growth.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The virus of @entity3328 contained within the spinal cord and medulla of @entity1 beings and monkeys withstands glycerolation for many years. The specimens tested had been kept for 4 and 6 years respectively in 50 per cent @entity653 at refrigerator temperature. The symptoms and lesions caused by this virus are identical with those produced by that contained in the more recently collected spinal cord and medulla. The specimens had lost a part of their activity under the conditions described, necessitating larger and repeated doses to induce @entity281 . Whether this difference is due merely to quantitative reduction in number of viable microorganisms or to qualitative alterations under the influence of the mildly antiseptic @entity653 has not been determined. An ineffective inoculation of tissues containing the virus does not increase resistance, but rather diminishes it, so that a subsequent injection, inadequate in itself, may cause experimental @entity3328 . This power of survival under adverse conditions may not be without significance in respect to the recrudescence of @entity3328 in a given locality and after a lapse of years. Hitherto this phenomenon has been accounted for by assuming a fresh importation of a virus of pronounced pathogenic power. It is possible that the explanation in some instances resides in the renewed activity of specimens of the virus surviving from a previous epidemic, while in other instances a fresh introduction actually takes place from a remote focus of @entity281 . The infectious nervous tissues employed in these experiments did not yield in culture streptococci or other ordinary bacteria.

title: SURVIVAL OF THE POLIOMYELITIC VIRUS FOR SIX YEARS IN XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['GLYCEROL']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess serum @entity1243 levels based on body habitus and ovarian morphology during controlled @entity43 . DESIGN: Prospective analysis. SETTING: University IVF program. @entity1 (S): @entity1 undergoing IVF-ET were divided into two groups, @entity28 ovulatory @entity1 (n = 6; mean (+/-SD) body mass index, 30.1 +/- 0.6 kg/m(2)) and lean ovulatory @entity1 (n = 20); mean (+/- SD) body mass index 22.0 +/- 0.2 kg/m(2)). Lean @entity1 were categorized further according to whether they had polycystic-appearing ovaries (n = 8) or normal-appearing ovaries (n = 12). INTERVENTION(S): Controlled @entity43 and IVF. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum @entity53 , @entity251 , and @entity1243 . RESULT(S): Mean (+/- SD) @entity1243 levels were significantly higher before and after GnRH agonist down-regulation in @entity28 @entity1 (41.7 +/- 5.2 pg/mL and 36.1 +/- 5.8 pg/mL, respectively) compared with lean @entity1 (8.4 +/- 1.0 pg/mL and 6.9 +/- 1.1 pg/mL, respectively). Mean (+/- SD) @entity1243 levels increased significantly in both groups (54.5 +/- 5.1 pg/mL and 11.7 +/- 1.2 pg/mL, respectively), and the mean (+/-SD) percentage increase was similar (55% +/- 18% and 54.8% +/- 17%, respectively). Mean (+/-SD) @entity1243 levels were similar in @entity1 with polycystic-appearing and normal-appearing ovaries before controlled @entity43 , but increased significantly in @entity1 with polycystic-appearing ovaries afterward (14.7 +/- 1.8 pg/mL and 9.3 +/- 1.0 pg/mL, respectively). CONCLUSION(S): Significant increases in @entity1243 levels occur during controlled @entity43 , suggesting that @entity1243 plays a role in follicular growth and maturation. The exaggerated response in @entity1 with polycystic-appearing ovaries reflects either a greater number of recruited follicles or a predisposition of adipocytes to @entity1243 production.

title: Circulating XXXX levels during ovulation induction: relation to adiposity and ovarian morphology.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: Becoming a career is associated with physical, emotional, and financial hardship, with caregivers often experiencing a maelstrom of emotions as they struggle to understand what has happened to their loved one. While the burden of caring for young @entity1 with first-episode @entity716 (FEP) has been well documented, much less is known about how carers develop the strength and resilience to continue caring. This qualitative study aimed to understand the experience of 20 first-time primary caregivers of young adults with FEP. Most caregivers were female (85%, n = 17) and parents (85%, n = 17). The average length of involvement as a caregiver at an FEP service was 14.5 months. Six main themes were identified in the data, highlighting the carers' experience in supporting young adults with FEP. Caregiving is a burdensome responsibility and is characterized as a roller coaster and unpredictable experience. Caregivers often feel responsible for the young @entity1 's illness; however, eventually most come to terms with the changes that have occurred in the young @entity1 with FEP. As a consequence of the illness, the relationship between caregiver and care recipient frequently becomes closer and deeper, although it is important that they both maintain hope for the future. These findings provide important insights into the experiences of first-time caregivers of young @entity1 with FEP, with direct implications for improving the information and support given to caregivers by FEP services, as well as the development of interventions that effectively address the unique challenges caregivers face following the onset of FEP.

title: First-time primary caregivers' experience of caring for young adults with first-episode XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'person']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: The excited-state dynamics of @entity36314 , a @entity7170 -like compound and, as substrate of the @entity1110 / @entity36314 oxidoreductase, a precursor of chlorophyll biosynthesis, is studied by femtosecond absorption spectroscopy in a variety of solvents, which were chosen to mimic different environmental conditions in the oxidoreductase complex. In the polar solvents @entity1042 and @entity1626 , the excited-state dynamics differs significantly from that in the nonpolar solvent @entity13479 . In @entity1042 and @entity1626 , the relaxation dynamics is multiexponential with three distinguishable time scales of 4.0-4.5 ps for vibrational relaxation and vibrational energy redistribution of the initially excited S1 state, 22-27 ps for the formation of an intermediate state, most likely with a charge transfer character, and 200 ps for the decay of this intermediate state back to the ground state. In the nonpolar solvent @entity13479 , only the 4.5 ps relaxational process can be observed, whereas the intermediate intramolecular charge transfer state is not populated any longer. In addition to polarity, solvent viscosity also affects the excited-state processes. Upon increasing the viscosity by adding up to 60% @entity653 to a methanolic solution, a deceleration of the 4 and 22 ps decay rates from the values in pure @entity1042 is found. Apparently not only vibrational cooling of the S1 excited state is slowed in the more viscous surrounding, but the formation rate of the intramolecular charge transfer state is also reduced, suggesting that nuclear motions along a reaction coordinate are involved in the charge transfer. The results of the present study further specify the model of the excited-state dynamics in @entity36314 a as recently suggested (Chem. Phys. Lett. 2004, 397, 110).

title: Solvent effects on the excited-state processes of XXXX : a femtosecond time-resolved absorption study.

entities_list: @entity13479 :: ('MESH:C506365', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclohexane']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity36314 :: ('MESH:D011521', 'Chemical') :: ['protochlorophyllide a', 'protochlorophyllide']

answer: @entity36314 :: (MESH:D011521,Chemical) :: ['protochlorophyllide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although some studies have demonstrated lower infectious morbidity in @entity1 receiving supplemental @entity1160 , there remains no consensus on the utility of such treatment. This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplemental enteral @entity1160 on the rate and outcomes of @entity281 in critically ill surgical @entity1 . METHODS: All 185 surgical and @entity130 @entity1 admitted to a single university surgical @entity130 intensive care unit (STICU) over an approximately three-year period who were to receive enteral nutrition support were assigned sequentially to one of three diets: standard 1-kCal/mL feedings with added protein (Group 1), standard feedings with @entity1160 0.6 g/kg per day (Group 2), or immune-modulated feedings with a similar amount of @entity1160 (Group 3). Group compositions and @entity1 characteristics were similar at baseline. Data were collected prospectively on @entity281 acquired during hospitalization. RESULTS: A total of 119 @entity1 had at least one @entity281 : 59% of the @entity1 in Group 1, 64% of Group 2, and 69% of Group 3 (p = NS). There were no differences among the groups in the mean number of @entity281 . The most common sites in all groups were the lungs, blood, and urine; and the frequencies of these @entity281 did not differ between groups. Minor differences were found between groups in the organisms isolated. Antibiotic usage did not differ. CONCLUSION: Supplemental enteral @entity1160 in the dose studied does not appear to influence the acquisition or characteristics of @entity281 in @entity1 admitted to a mixed STICU.

title: Does enteral XXXX supplementation decrease infectious morbidity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

answer: @entity1160 :: (CHEBI:28300,Chemical) :: ['glutamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lead exposure in @entity1 has been associated with both global and specific @entity73 . Although chelation therapy is advised for @entity1 with blood lead concentrations of >44 microg/dL, treatment options for @entity1 with lower blood lead values are limited. Because lead absorption is related to @entity1 's nutritional status, micronutrient supplements may be 1 strategy for combating low-level, chronic lead exposure. This study was designed to test the efficacy of @entity68 and @entity219 supplementation for lowering blood lead concentrations and improving cognitive performance in schoolchildren who live in a lead-contaminated city. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled field trial was conducted in public elementary schools in Torre  n, an industrialized city in northern Mexico. A metal foundry, located close to the city center and within 3.5 km of 9 schools, was the main source of lead exposure. A total of 602 @entity1 who were aged 6 to 8 years and regularly attending first grade in the study schools were enrolled. @entity1 were given 30 mg of @entity68 , 30 mg of @entity219 , both, or a placebo daily for 6 months. A total of 527 completed the treatment, and 515 were available for long-term follow-up, after another 6 months without supplementation. Eleven cognitive tests of memory, attention, @entity227 , and learning were administered at baseline and each follow-up. RESULTS: There were no consistent or lasting differences in cognitive performance among treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Daily supplementation with @entity68 and/or @entity219 may be of limited usefulness for improving cognition in lead-exposed schoolchildren. However, these treatments may be effective in settings with higher prevalence of @entity3147 or in younger @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of @entity68 and/or XXXX supplementation on cognitive performance of lead-exposed Mexican schoolchildren: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-spatial abilities']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deficiencies']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lead exposure in @entity1 has been associated with both global and specific @entity73 . Although chelation therapy is advised for @entity1 with blood lead concentrations of >44 microg/dL, treatment options for @entity1 with lower blood lead values are limited. Because lead absorption is related to @entity1 's nutritional status, micronutrient supplements may be 1 strategy for combating low-level, chronic lead exposure. This study was designed to test the efficacy of @entity68 and @entity219 supplementation for lowering blood lead concentrations and improving cognitive performance in schoolchildren who live in a lead-contaminated city. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled field trial was conducted in public elementary schools in Torre  n, an industrialized city in northern Mexico. A metal foundry, located close to the city center and within 3.5 km of 9 schools, was the main source of lead exposure. A total of 602 @entity1 who were aged 6 to 8 years and regularly attending first grade in the study schools were enrolled. @entity1 were given 30 mg of @entity68 , 30 mg of @entity219 , both, or a placebo daily for 6 months. A total of 527 completed the treatment, and 515 were available for long-term follow-up, after another 6 months without supplementation. Eleven cognitive tests of memory, attention, @entity227 , and learning were administered at baseline and each follow-up. RESULTS: There were no consistent or lasting differences in cognitive performance among treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Daily supplementation with @entity68 and/or @entity219 may be of limited usefulness for improving cognition in lead-exposed schoolchildren. However, these treatments may be effective in settings with higher prevalence of @entity3147 or in younger @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of XXXX and/or @entity219 supplementation on cognitive performance of lead-exposed Mexican schoolchildren: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability of video recording to identify management errors in @entity130 resuscitation and to compare this method with medical record review. METHOD: The resuscitation of @entity1 who presented to the emergency department of the Royal @entity1 's Hospital between February 19, 2001, and August 18, 2002, for whom the @entity130 team was activated was video recorded. The tapes were analyzed, and management was compared with Advanced @entity130 Life Support guidelines. Deviations from these guidelines were recorded as errors. Fifty video recordings were analyzed independently by 2 reviewers. Medical record review was undertaken for a cohort of the most seriously injured @entity1 , and errors were identified. The errors detected with the 2 methods were compared. RESULTS: Ninety resuscitations were video recorded and analyzed. An average of 5.9 errors per resuscitation was identified with this method (range: 1-12 errors). Twenty-five @entity1 (28%) had an injury severity score of >11; there was an average of 2.16 errors per @entity1 in this group. Only 10 (20%) of these errors were detected in the medical record review. Medical record review detected an additional 8 errors that were not evident on the video recordings. Concordance between independent reviewers was high, with 93% agreement. CONCLUSIONS: Video recording is more effective than medical record review in detecting management errors in pediatric @entity130 resuscitation. @entity130 are common and often involve basic resuscitation principles. Resuscitation of the most seriously injured @entity1 was associated with fewer errors. Video recording is a useful adjunct to @entity130 .

title: Using video recording to identify management errors in pediatric XXXX resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma', 'Management errors in pediatric trauma resuscitation', 'trauma resuscitation auditing']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: This study evaluated the biodistribution and @entity5 targeting ability of radiolabeled @entity7424 . Because IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) play a critical role in modulating IGF activity, the binding properties of 125I-labeled @entity7424 to IGFBPs were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Because a large amount of the @entity7424 was catabolized in vivo, we also studied the catabolism of @entity7424 by @entity5 cells in vitro. METHODS: 125I-labeled- @entity7424 was prepared using the @entity30056 method. The biodistribution of 125I-labeled- @entity7424 in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 was compared between groups injected with 125I-labeled @entity7424 alone or coinjected with unlabeled peptide. In vitro and in vivo chromatography studies were performed to evaluate the binding profile to IGFBPs and the degree of catabolites in serum as well as urine. RESULTS: Data indicated that the binding of radiolabeled @entity7424 to IGFBPs in vitro was dose dependent. However, there was a difference in complex formation between the serum and the heparinized plasma. In heparinized plasma, the radioactivity shifted from a 30- to 50-kDa complex to a 150-kDa complex and to a free ligand, because the binding of heparin with IGFBPs decreased its affinity for @entity7424 . In plasma prepared with acid @entity1792 dextrose a binding pattern identical to that of serum was observed. Moreover, there was a binding difference between @entity19 and @entity35 . The 125I-labeled @entity7424 catabolized very quickly when incubated at 37 degrees C but not at all at 4 degrees C. In @entity5 -bearing @entity19 , the uptake of radioactivity in normal tissues decreased quickly, particularly in the kidneys. In @entity19 coinjected with unlabeled carrier, the radioactivity in most normal tissues was lower and the @entity5 uptake higher than in the @entity19 without carrier. CONCLUSION: These data confirm that 125I-labeled @entity7424 is avidly bound to IGFBPs, both in vitro and in vivo. By partially saturating this binding with unlabeled peptides, a favorable biodistribution was achieved, including faster clearance from normal tissue and higher @entity5 uptake, which resulted in better @entity5 -to-nontumor ratios. Nevertheless, the rapid catabolism and release of the radiolabel from @entity5 tissue result in a suboptimal targeting agent.

title: Effects of insulinlike growth factor binding proteins on insulinlike growth factor-I biodistribution in XXXX -bearing @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity30056 :: ('MESH:C016300', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramine T']

entities_list: @entity7424 :: ('16000(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-I', 'IGF-I']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: This study evaluated the biodistribution and @entity5 targeting ability of radiolabeled @entity7424 . Because IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) play a critical role in modulating IGF activity, the binding properties of 125I-labeled @entity7424 to IGFBPs were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Because a large amount of the @entity7424 was catabolized in vivo, we also studied the catabolism of @entity7424 by @entity5 cells in vitro. METHODS: 125I-labeled- @entity7424 was prepared using the @entity30056 method. The biodistribution of 125I-labeled- @entity7424 in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 was compared between groups injected with 125I-labeled @entity7424 alone or coinjected with unlabeled peptide. In vitro and in vivo chromatography studies were performed to evaluate the binding profile to IGFBPs and the degree of catabolites in serum as well as urine. RESULTS: Data indicated that the binding of radiolabeled @entity7424 to IGFBPs in vitro was dose dependent. However, there was a difference in complex formation between the serum and the heparinized plasma. In heparinized plasma, the radioactivity shifted from a 30- to 50-kDa complex to a 150-kDa complex and to a free ligand, because the binding of heparin with IGFBPs decreased its affinity for @entity7424 . In plasma prepared with acid @entity1792 dextrose a binding pattern identical to that of serum was observed. Moreover, there was a binding difference between @entity19 and @entity35 . The 125I-labeled @entity7424 catabolized very quickly when incubated at 37 degrees C but not at all at 4 degrees C. In @entity5 -bearing @entity19 , the uptake of radioactivity in normal tissues decreased quickly, particularly in the kidneys. In @entity19 coinjected with unlabeled carrier, the radioactivity in most normal tissues was lower and the @entity5 uptake higher than in the @entity19 without carrier. CONCLUSION: These data confirm that 125I-labeled @entity7424 is avidly bound to IGFBPs, both in vitro and in vivo. By partially saturating this binding with unlabeled peptides, a favorable biodistribution was achieved, including faster clearance from normal tissue and higher @entity5 uptake, which resulted in better @entity5 -to-nontumor ratios. Nevertheless, the rapid catabolism and release of the radiolabel from @entity5 tissue result in a suboptimal targeting agent.

title: Effects of insulinlike growth factor binding proteins on insulinlike growth factor-I biodistribution in @entity5 -bearing XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: 1. Concurrent @entity281 in the experiments described may be regarded as of accidental nature and are not causally related to the typical effects induced in @entity95 by a material wholly free from ordinary bacteria. 2. The influenzal agent exerts an effect on the pulmonary tissue which encourages the invasion of the lung and subsequent multiplication there of ordinary bacteria, such as the pneumococcus, streptococcus, and Bacillus pfeifferi. 3. A similarity is believed to exist between the conditions under which concurrent @entity281 arose in the inoculated @entity95 and those which seem to favor the occurrence of concurrent @entity281 during @entity683 in @entity1 . In no instance did @entity204 occur in the @entity95 as a result of the uncomplicated effects of the influenzal agent alone. When @entity204 occurred in any of the inoculated animals concurrent infection of the lungs by ordinary bacteria was present. The microorganisms most commonly met with under these conditions were Pneumococcus Type IV and atypical Type II, streptococci, and hemoglobinophilic bacilli. Other kinds were encountered less often.

title: EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE NASOPHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS FROM INFLUENZA XXXX : III. STUDIES OF THE CONCURRENT INFECTIONS.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic influenza']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: A systematic study was made of the affections of bone, cartilage, tendons, and synovial membranes which occurred in a series of @entity95 with generalized syphilis. Localized @entity281 of this group of structures was found to be of very frequent occurrence. The parts involved were, in the order of their frequency, the @entity79 , the bones, tendons, and joints of the feet and legs, the cervical and caudal vertebrae, the ribs, and the sternum. These infections often gave rise to characteristic manifestations of disease which could be detected without difficulty by inspection or palpation of the part. In many instances, however, clinical manifestations were so slight that the presence of lesions could be detected only by radiographic or pathological examination. Detailed descriptions of various clinical types of disease were given and the clinical manifestations correlated with the pathological process. It was pointed out that @entity79 exhibited a decided predilection for certain exposed bony prominences, for lines of bony union, and for epiphyseal lines in particular. A study of the clinical history of @entity79 brought out the fact that they were among the earliest of the generalized forms of disease; they tended to pursue a comparatively rapid course, and relapse was never observed. Especial emphasis was laid upon three aspects of the experimental @entity281 : the analogy existing between certain forms of the animal and @entity1 affections, the relation of syphilis of the osseous system to other evidences of disease, and the occurrence of obscure @entity79 . In this connection, it was pointed out that the nasal and epiphyseal lesions of the @entity95 presented a striking analogy to those of @entity7521 in @entity1 . It was also pointed out that syphilis of the osseous system occupied a definite position in the scheme of defensive reactions such that lesions of these tissues might be favored or inhibited according to the experimental conditions employed. Finally, the frequency with @entity281 occurred which were not accompanied by sufficiently distinctive signs even to suggest the possibility of their existence was interpreted as evidence that some cases of latent or obscure @entity281 in @entity1 might find their explanation in the presence of a similar group of affections.

title: EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS IN THE XXXX : VI. AFFECTIONS OF BONE, CARTILAGE, TENDONS, AND SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES. PART 3. SYPHILIS OF THE POSTERIOR EXTREMITIES WITH OTHER AFFECTIONS OF A MISCELLANEOUS TYPE.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['which infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions', 'facial and cranial bones and cartilages']

entities_list: @entity7521 :: ('MESH:D013590', 'Disease') :: ['congenital syphilis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['RABBIT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess our long term results of lateral pancreaticojejunostomy in @entity1 with @entity8883 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital, France. SUBJECTS: 57 @entity1 (48 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 , mean (SD) age 46 (7) years who required surgical treatment of chronic @entity8883 between January 1977 and October 1995. INTERVENTIONS: Lateral pancreaticojejunostomy with or without another procedure. Outcome classified as excellent, good, fair, or poor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative morbidity and mortality; relief of @entity158 ; reduction in use of analgesics and exocrine supplements; effect on exocrine and endocrine insufficiency; and return to paid work. RESULTS: There were no postoperative @entity204 and no pancreatic fistulae, but there were 17 other @entity260 (30%). Median follow up was 65 months (range 8-206), during which 12 @entity1 died (21%). Result was judged excellent in 16 (28%), good in 27 (47%), fair in 5 (9%), and poor in 9 (16%). @entity158 control was significantly improved, analgesic usage decreased, less pancreatic enzyme supplementation was required, and 25 @entity1 returned to paid work (p = 0.0001 in each case). Exocrine and endocrine function remained stable. The results were better if the @entity1 gave up misusing @entity167 (p = 0.03) and if the operation was done within 4 years of the development of @entity788 (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Lateral pancreaticojejunostomy is a safe procedure that can improve functional outcome in @entity1 with chronic @entity8883 , and does not worsen pancreatic function.

title: Long term results of lateral pancreaticojejunostomy for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity8883 :: (MESH:D019512,Disease) :: ['alcoholic pancreatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the short term anatomic and visual acuity response after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech) in @entity1 with @entity1103 due to central @entity2994 (CRVO). METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity1103 due to CRVO who were treated with at least one intravitreal injection of bevacizumab 1.25 mg in 0.05 mL. @entity1 underwent Snellen visual acuity testing, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, and ophthalmoscopic examination at baseline and follow-up visits. RESULTS: There were 16 eyes of 15 consecutive @entity1 with a mean age of 76.1 years (SD 9.8 years). Intravitreal @entity2713 had been previously administered to 9 @entity1 , but all of these @entity1 either had no improvement or had @entity2790 caused by the @entity2713 . The @entity1 received a mean of 2.8 injections of bevacizumab per eye. No adverse events were observed, including @entity3225 , clinically evident @entity32 , @entity2790 , @entity937 , @entity1713 , or @entity1031 events in any @entity1 . The mean central macular thickness at baseline was 887 microm and decreased to a mean of 372 microm at month 1 (P < 0.001). The mean baseline acuity was 20/600 (logMAR = 1.48) and the mean acuity at month 1 was 20/200 (logMAR = 1.05), a difference that was highly significant (P = 0.001). At last follow-up, a mean of 3 months after the first injection, the mean visual acuity was 20/138 (logMAR = 0.84), which was significantly better than baseline (P < 0.001). Visual acuity improvement, defined as a halving of the visual angle, was seen in 14 of the 16 eyes. CONCLUSION: Initial treatment results of @entity1 with @entity1103 secondary to CRVO did not reveal any short-term safety concerns. Intravitreal bevacizumab resulted in a significant decrease in @entity1103 and improvement in visual acuity. The number of @entity1 in this pilot study was limited and the follow-up is too short to make any specific treatment recommendations, but the favorable short-term results suggest further study is needed.

title: Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment of XXXX in central @entity2994 : a short-term study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['retinal tears']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['excessive intraocular pressure', 'increased intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['macular edema']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the short term anatomic and visual acuity response after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech) in @entity1 with @entity1103 due to central @entity2994 (CRVO). METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity1103 due to CRVO who were treated with at least one intravitreal injection of bevacizumab 1.25 mg in 0.05 mL. @entity1 underwent Snellen visual acuity testing, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, and ophthalmoscopic examination at baseline and follow-up visits. RESULTS: There were 16 eyes of 15 consecutive @entity1 with a mean age of 76.1 years (SD 9.8 years). Intravitreal @entity2713 had been previously administered to 9 @entity1 , but all of these @entity1 either had no improvement or had @entity2790 caused by the @entity2713 . The @entity1 received a mean of 2.8 injections of bevacizumab per eye. No adverse events were observed, including @entity3225 , clinically evident @entity32 , @entity2790 , @entity937 , @entity1713 , or @entity1031 events in any @entity1 . The mean central macular thickness at baseline was 887 microm and decreased to a mean of 372 microm at month 1 (P < 0.001). The mean baseline acuity was 20/600 (logMAR = 1.48) and the mean acuity at month 1 was 20/200 (logMAR = 1.05), a difference that was highly significant (P = 0.001). At last follow-up, a mean of 3 months after the first injection, the mean visual acuity was 20/138 (logMAR = 0.84), which was significantly better than baseline (P < 0.001). Visual acuity improvement, defined as a halving of the visual angle, was seen in 14 of the 16 eyes. CONCLUSION: Initial treatment results of @entity1 with @entity1103 secondary to CRVO did not reveal any short-term safety concerns. Intravitreal bevacizumab resulted in a significant decrease in @entity1103 and improvement in visual acuity. The number of @entity1 in this pilot study was limited and the follow-up is too short to make any specific treatment recommendations, but the favorable short-term results suggest further study is needed.

title: Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment of @entity1103 in central XXXX : a short-term study.

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3243 form a small percentage of @entity135 . @entity459 is caused by @entity3243 , @entity1373 or, rarely, a @entity189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 48 parathyroidectomies received in the Department of Pathology of a major teaching hospital over a period of 10 years. Clinical, biochemical and radiological details were retrieved from medical records. Information regarding routine gross and microscopic examination findings (including frozen section and paraffin sections) was retrieved from departmental records. RESULTS: We had 43 @entity652 , three @entity1373 and two @entity189 . The most common age group was 21-30 years. The female:male ratio was 2.5:1. Most @entity1 presented with skeletal manifestations. The pre-operative diagnosis was assisted by ultrasonography in 11 cases, computerized tomography of the neck in 10 cases and sestamibi scans in three cases. Intra-operative @entity6685 monitoring was performed in one case of @entity652 . Frozen section was requested in 28 of 48 cases. There was a discrepancy between frozen section diagnosis and paraffin section diagnosis in two cases. CONCLUSION: Histopathologic diagnosis is an important guide to decide the type of surgical management. Although pathologic features of @entity3243 are diagnostically reliable, those of the more commonly encountered lesions of @entity652 and @entity1373 may be overlapping and, therefore, indistinctive, more so if only a single gland is available for examination. Because @entity8611 are only occasionally encountered by the surgical pathologist, awareness of the spectrum of histologic features along with knowledge of recent trends in diagnosis and surgical management are important.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathological experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6685 :: ('MESH:D010281', 'Chemical') :: ['parathormone']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasias', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid lesions']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['Parathyroid neoplasms', 'parathyroid carcinoma', 'parathyroid adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite broad clinical use of the American Association of the Surgery of @entity130 (AAST) injury scale for kidney, it has only been found to predict the need for renal surgery in single institution series. We sought to validate this scheme for morbidity and mortality in a national cohort of @entity1 with @entity8 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort design was used to determine the association between increasing AAST scores and nephrectomy, dialysis, and mortality. The cohort included all @entity1 with a @entity8 in the National @entity130 Data Bank (NTDB) from 1994 and 2003. Univariate and multivariate prediction models were used for analysis of data. RESULTS: At the time of review, a total of 742,774 @entity1 records were registered in the NTDB. @entity8 occurred in 8465 @entity1 (1.2%). Increasing injury grade was associated with a greater nephrectomy (RR 12-127), dialysis (RR 1.3-4.7), and mortality (RR 1.3-1.9) rate for blunt @entity8 . For penetrating injury, nephrectomy was the only outcome that was associated with higher grades of @entity8 with a RR of 7.7 to 31 for grades III to V @entity130 . CONCLUSION: The AAST injury scale for kidney predicts for morbidity in blunt and penetrating @entity8 and for mortality in @entity1913 . Thus, we continue to support its use as a clinical and research tool.

title: American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 Scale for kidney XXXX predicts nephrectomy, dialysis, and death in @entity1 with @entity1913 and nephrectomy for penetrating @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injury']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury', 'Renal injury', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'Trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite broad clinical use of the American Association of the Surgery of @entity130 (AAST) injury scale for kidney, it has only been found to predict the need for renal surgery in single institution series. We sought to validate this scheme for morbidity and mortality in a national cohort of @entity1 with @entity8 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort design was used to determine the association between increasing AAST scores and nephrectomy, dialysis, and mortality. The cohort included all @entity1 with a @entity8 in the National @entity130 Data Bank (NTDB) from 1994 and 2003. Univariate and multivariate prediction models were used for analysis of data. RESULTS: At the time of review, a total of 742,774 @entity1 records were registered in the NTDB. @entity8 occurred in 8465 @entity1 (1.2%). Increasing injury grade was associated with a greater nephrectomy (RR 12-127), dialysis (RR 1.3-4.7), and mortality (RR 1.3-1.9) rate for blunt @entity8 . For penetrating injury, nephrectomy was the only outcome that was associated with higher grades of @entity8 with a RR of 7.7 to 31 for grades III to V @entity130 . CONCLUSION: The AAST injury scale for kidney predicts for morbidity in blunt and penetrating @entity8 and for mortality in @entity1913 . Thus, we continue to support its use as a clinical and research tool.

title: American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 Scale for kidney @entity130 predicts nephrectomy, dialysis, and death in @entity1 with @entity1913 and nephrectomy for penetrating XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite broad clinical use of the American Association of the Surgery of @entity130 (AAST) injury scale for kidney, it has only been found to predict the need for renal surgery in single institution series. We sought to validate this scheme for morbidity and mortality in a national cohort of @entity1 with @entity8 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort design was used to determine the association between increasing AAST scores and nephrectomy, dialysis, and mortality. The cohort included all @entity1 with a @entity8 in the National @entity130 Data Bank (NTDB) from 1994 and 2003. Univariate and multivariate prediction models were used for analysis of data. RESULTS: At the time of review, a total of 742,774 @entity1 records were registered in the NTDB. @entity8 occurred in 8465 @entity1 (1.2%). Increasing injury grade was associated with a greater nephrectomy (RR 12-127), dialysis (RR 1.3-4.7), and mortality (RR 1.3-1.9) rate for blunt @entity8 . For penetrating injury, nephrectomy was the only outcome that was associated with higher grades of @entity8 with a RR of 7.7 to 31 for grades III to V @entity130 . CONCLUSION: The AAST injury scale for kidney predicts for morbidity in blunt and penetrating @entity8 and for mortality in @entity1913 . Thus, we continue to support its use as a clinical and research tool.

title: American Association for the Surgery of XXXX Scale for kidney @entity130 predicts nephrectomy, dialysis, and death in @entity1 with @entity1913 and nephrectomy for penetrating @entity130 .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma Organ Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite broad clinical use of the American Association of the Surgery of @entity130 (AAST) injury scale for kidney, it has only been found to predict the need for renal surgery in single institution series. We sought to validate this scheme for morbidity and mortality in a national cohort of @entity1 with @entity8 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort design was used to determine the association between increasing AAST scores and nephrectomy, dialysis, and mortality. The cohort included all @entity1 with a @entity8 in the National @entity130 Data Bank (NTDB) from 1994 and 2003. Univariate and multivariate prediction models were used for analysis of data. RESULTS: At the time of review, a total of 742,774 @entity1 records were registered in the NTDB. @entity8 occurred in 8465 @entity1 (1.2%). Increasing injury grade was associated with a greater nephrectomy (RR 12-127), dialysis (RR 1.3-4.7), and mortality (RR 1.3-1.9) rate for blunt @entity8 . For penetrating injury, nephrectomy was the only outcome that was associated with higher grades of @entity8 with a RR of 7.7 to 31 for grades III to V @entity130 . CONCLUSION: The AAST injury scale for kidney predicts for morbidity in blunt and penetrating @entity8 and for mortality in @entity1913 . Thus, we continue to support its use as a clinical and research tool.

title: American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 Scale for kidney @entity130 predicts nephrectomy, dialysis, and death in @entity1 with XXXX and nephrectomy for penetrating @entity130 .

answer: @entity1913 :: (MESH:D014949,Disease) :: ['blunt injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite broad clinical use of the American Association of the Surgery of @entity130 (AAST) injury scale for kidney, it has only been found to predict the need for renal surgery in single institution series. We sought to validate this scheme for morbidity and mortality in a national cohort of @entity1 with @entity8 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort design was used to determine the association between increasing AAST scores and nephrectomy, dialysis, and mortality. The cohort included all @entity1 with a @entity8 in the National @entity130 Data Bank (NTDB) from 1994 and 2003. Univariate and multivariate prediction models were used for analysis of data. RESULTS: At the time of review, a total of 742,774 @entity1 records were registered in the NTDB. @entity8 occurred in 8465 @entity1 (1.2%). Increasing injury grade was associated with a greater nephrectomy (RR 12-127), dialysis (RR 1.3-4.7), and mortality (RR 1.3-1.9) rate for blunt @entity8 . For penetrating injury, nephrectomy was the only outcome that was associated with higher grades of @entity8 with a RR of 7.7 to 31 for grades III to V @entity130 . CONCLUSION: The AAST injury scale for kidney predicts for morbidity in blunt and penetrating @entity8 and for mortality in @entity1913 . Thus, we continue to support its use as a clinical and research tool.

title: American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 Scale for kidney @entity130 predicts nephrectomy, dialysis, and death in XXXX with @entity1913 and nephrectomy for penetrating @entity130 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ocular involvement in cicatricial pemphigoid often occurs from the onset. Certain forms are seen only in this condition. OBSERVATION: A 31-year-old @entity1 presented highly inflammatory @entity2024 for several months associated with bilateral symblepharons and superficial punctuate @entity1036 around the left eye refractory to treatment. The @entity1 had a history of mouth @entity1066 and sores on the scalp. Examination showed scalp lesions with crusts. Histological examination of these lesions revealed @entity7674 . Direct immunofluorescence showed @entity249 . Anti-basal membrane antibodies were positive. Immunotransfer confirmed the presence of circulating antibodies. This condition was controlled following administration of three courses of @entity786 as a bolus. However, the symblepharons persisted in both eyes. Improvement lasted 4 years. The @entity1 again consulted for inflammatory @entity2024 and @entity1036 resulting in invalidating loss of visual acuity, associated with @entity1712 . @entity821 eye drops alone resulted in no improvement. Treatment was initiated with topical @entity1140 (Protopic) 0.03% comprising once-daily application to the conjunctiva in the evening. This therapy was well tolerated, and 2 daily applications could be given, followed by a dosage of 0.1%. Improvement was rapid and spectacular, with @entity227 and resolution of the @entity1 's @entity1036 . Treatment was continued for 4 months and gradually reduced to the 0.03% dosage level, with increasingly wide intervals between applications. There has been no relapse within the 12 months following the end of treatment. DISCUSSION: Standard treatment of pharmacological cicatricial pemphigoid involves systemic immunosuppression since topical anti-inflammatories are ineffective. The mortality associated with this disease is due to iatrogenic complications. @entity1140 exhibits extremely good penetration of the conjunctiva. Following administration at a concentration of 0.06% 3 times daily in 15 @entity1 with inflammatory disease of the conjunctiva or the @entity267 , improvement was seen in 10 of these @entity1 at 26 weeks. @entity1140 appears to act through immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. It induces local inhibition of T lymphocyte activation and reduces production of pro-inflammatory lymphokines. Oral @entity1140 cannot be used to control cicatricial pemphigoid refractory to standard immunomodulators. However, 3 three other cases involving topical treatment of cicatricial pemphigoid showed marked efficacy of treatment given for 2 to 6 months, with complete tolerability. Thus, topical @entity1140 appears to constitute an interesting alternative treatment in cicatricial pemphigoid.

title: [Topical XXXX treatment for ocular cicatricial pemphigoid].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['dermal-epidermal cleavage']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['sub-membrane deposits']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisone']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['frank amelioration of visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['superficial punctate keratitis', 'keratitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effects of a late evening snack (LES), of 200 kcal of @entity579 ball, on energy metabolism in cirrhotic @entity1 . Impaired nutritional metabolism has been associated with @entity82 , and frequent intake of small meals may prevent early-onset starvation, and maintain nourishment in these @entity1 . SUBJECTS: Twenty-one cirrhotic @entity1 and 26 control subjects (Control) were recruited for this study. @entity1 were subsequently treated by LES (LC-LES) and by a non-LES regimen (LC-NLES). METHOD: Resting energy expenditure and respiratory quotient (RQ) were assessed by indirect calorimetry at 0830, 1130 and 1430. Blood @entity413 and non-esterified @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ) were measured just before the energy metabolism measurements. The regular diet included three major meals and LES, at 0900, 1200, 1800 and 2100, respectively. The Control and LC-NLES groups received only the major meals, whereas the LC-LES group received three meals plus 200 kcal LES for 7 days. There was no difference in the total energy intake among Control, LC-NLES and LC-LES groups. RESULTS: Respiratory quotient in LC-NLES was significantly lower than that of Control at 0830. Respiratory quotient value in LC-LES significantly elevated from that in LC-NLES. The RQ values did not differ among Control, LC-NLES and LC-LES at 2 h after the meal (1130 and 1430). Non-esterified @entity1718 in LC-LES were lower than that in LC-NLES after overnight fasting. CONCLUSIONS: The ingestion of a 200 kcal @entity579 ball LES can improve the nutritional metabolism in cirrhotic @entity1 .

title: Effect of late evening snack with @entity579 ball on energy metabolism in liver XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effects of a late evening snack (LES), of 200 kcal of @entity579 ball, on energy metabolism in cirrhotic @entity1 . Impaired nutritional metabolism has been associated with @entity82 , and frequent intake of small meals may prevent early-onset starvation, and maintain nourishment in these @entity1 . SUBJECTS: Twenty-one cirrhotic @entity1 and 26 control subjects (Control) were recruited for this study. @entity1 were subsequently treated by LES (LC-LES) and by a non-LES regimen (LC-NLES). METHOD: Resting energy expenditure and respiratory quotient (RQ) were assessed by indirect calorimetry at 0830, 1130 and 1430. Blood @entity413 and non-esterified @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ) were measured just before the energy metabolism measurements. The regular diet included three major meals and LES, at 0900, 1200, 1800 and 2100, respectively. The Control and LC-NLES groups received only the major meals, whereas the LC-LES group received three meals plus 200 kcal LES for 7 days. There was no difference in the total energy intake among Control, LC-NLES and LC-LES groups. RESULTS: Respiratory quotient in LC-NLES was significantly lower than that of Control at 0830. Respiratory quotient value in LC-LES significantly elevated from that in LC-NLES. The RQ values did not differ among Control, LC-NLES and LC-LES at 2 h after the meal (1130 and 1430). Non-esterified @entity1718 in LC-LES were lower than that in LC-NLES after overnight fasting. CONCLUSIONS: The ingestion of a 200 kcal @entity579 ball LES can improve the nutritional metabolism in cirrhotic @entity1 .

title: Effect of late evening snack with XXXX ball on energy metabolism in liver @entity82 .

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a chronic inflammatory disease that frequently affects @entity1 aged >or=65 years, causing significant impairment with @entity158 . Elderly @entity309 @entity1 have specific problems, including co-morbid diseases, numerous concomitant medications, greater number of damaged joints as a result of @entity66 and often a more severe disease presentation in elderly-onset @entity309 . These factors, together with an age-related decline in the immune defence mechanisms, make elderly @entity1 more vulnerable. The new era of biologic medications has made intensive treatment of @entity309 patients possible. Anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha (anti- @entity310 ) agents can cause a dramatic improvement in disease activity and functional capacity, making complete remission of @entity309 a possible target. @entity310 has been shown to play an important role in both the healthy aging process and age-related diseases such as @entity309 . Targeting this cytokine in elderly @entity1 is therefore reasonable. However, it is not clear whether treatment effects can be reached to the same extent in both elderly and younger @entity1 and whether anti- @entity310 treatment specifically increases the risk of certain adverse events in elderly @entity309 @entity1 . This review discusses the currently available evidence relating to the efficacy and safety of anti- @entity310 medication in @entity309 @entity1 aged >or=65 years treated in clinical trials and observational studies. Despite a slightly less robust effect in elderly patients, anti- @entity310 treatment has a similar long-term efficacy in @entity1 aged >or=65 years and @entity1 aged <65 years. The majority of the study results showed that anti- @entity310 treatment does not elevate the risk of infections beyond the risk found in age-matched controls. When a moderate increase in risk was found, this occurred equally in elderly and younger @entity1 . Furthermore, whereas anti- @entity310 agents were found to be relatively safe in the treatment of elderly @entity309 @entity1 , treatment with corticosteroids significantly elevated the risk of serious infections. Corticosteroids are frequently used in elderly @entity1 , but the evidence suggests that preference should increasingly be given to anti- @entity310 agents, for which the expected benefits will mostly outweigh the modestly increased risks of associated adverse events.

title: Tumour @entity39 factor-alpha antagonists in the management of XXXX in the elderly: a review of their efficacy and safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['longer disease duration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and functional disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a chronic inflammatory disease that frequently affects @entity1 aged >or=65 years, causing significant impairment with @entity158 . Elderly @entity309 @entity1 have specific problems, including co-morbid diseases, numerous concomitant medications, greater number of damaged joints as a result of @entity66 and often a more severe disease presentation in elderly-onset @entity309 . These factors, together with an age-related decline in the immune defence mechanisms, make elderly @entity1 more vulnerable. The new era of biologic medications has made intensive treatment of @entity309 patients possible. Anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha (anti- @entity310 ) agents can cause a dramatic improvement in disease activity and functional capacity, making complete remission of @entity309 a possible target. @entity310 has been shown to play an important role in both the healthy aging process and age-related diseases such as @entity309 . Targeting this cytokine in elderly @entity1 is therefore reasonable. However, it is not clear whether treatment effects can be reached to the same extent in both elderly and younger @entity1 and whether anti- @entity310 treatment specifically increases the risk of certain adverse events in elderly @entity309 @entity1 . This review discusses the currently available evidence relating to the efficacy and safety of anti- @entity310 medication in @entity309 @entity1 aged >or=65 years treated in clinical trials and observational studies. Despite a slightly less robust effect in elderly patients, anti- @entity310 treatment has a similar long-term efficacy in @entity1 aged >or=65 years and @entity1 aged <65 years. The majority of the study results showed that anti- @entity310 treatment does not elevate the risk of infections beyond the risk found in age-matched controls. When a moderate increase in risk was found, this occurred equally in elderly and younger @entity1 . Furthermore, whereas anti- @entity310 agents were found to be relatively safe in the treatment of elderly @entity309 @entity1 , treatment with corticosteroids significantly elevated the risk of serious infections. Corticosteroids are frequently used in elderly @entity1 , but the evidence suggests that preference should increasingly be given to anti- @entity310 agents, for which the expected benefits will mostly outweigh the modestly increased risks of associated adverse events.

title: Tumour XXXX factor-alpha antagonists in the management of @entity309 in the elderly: a review of their efficacy and safety.

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrospective evaluation of MRI in the diagnosis of renal masses and determination of the correlation of MRI with histology or follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 46 consecutive @entity1 (13 female, 33 male, mean age 64.7 yrs) with suspected @entity703 were examined with a 1.5 T MR scanner using a standardized protocol (TSE T2fs, 2DGRE T1, dynam. ce3DGRE T1fs, ce2DGRE T1fs, ce3DGRE urogram). RESULTS: 142 @entity8 were found with diameters of < 2 cm up to 14 x 18 cm. A primary classification as solid and @entity5409 was performed according to MRI criteria. In 29 cases we found lesions bilaterally, in 17 @entity1 only in one kidney, and in four cases we found multifocal @entity703 unilaterally (n = 3) or bilaterally (n = 1). In 22 @entity1 with @entity703 , @entity5409 could be seen as well. In 19 cases these were uncomplicated cysts, and in 3 cases these were complicated cysts. 35/43 lesions were histologically proven solid vascularized @entity5 (29 @entity1358 , 6 @entity189 ), five additional masses with @entity5 signs in MRI appeared to be progressive during follow-up thus suggesting @entity5 , and one case was a multifocal bilateral @entity703 . 3/43 lesions were initially reported as being suspected of @entity5 but were proven during follow-up or histologically to be benign. @entity5 thrombus was depicted in MRI in the renal vein in 5 cases, stretching into the IVC in 4 cases and proven histologically in 4 and 3 cases, respectively. Of these solid masses, 99 @entity5409 could be differentiated clearly in MRI (88 simple cysts, 11 complicated cysts) that remained unchanged during follow-up (6 - 65 months) or were proven to be cysts histologically. In 17 cases these cysts were bilateral, in 19 cases unilateral, and 33 kidneys showed multicystic changes. In characterizing renal masses, MRI showed a positive predictive value of 93 % for the diagnosis of a @entity5 . The T-stage of histologically proven @entity1358 using MRI was correct in 89 %. CONCLUSIONS: MRI is a valid modality for characterizing and staging renal masses using a suitable sequence protocol that includes dynamic ce studies. @entity5 invasion can be depicted safely. MRI can be employed alternatively to state-of-the-art ceCT and additionally to CT in unclear cases.

title: [Characterization and staging of XXXX : significance of MRI diagnostics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'Venous tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To decrease the morbidity associated with cut-downs during @entity439 repair, some authors have suggested the totally percutaneous endovascular repair (PEVAR). The goal of this report is to evaluate and describe our centre's experience with the total percutaneous @entity439 repair (PEVAR) for @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 15 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1028 , including 1 with right common @entity1029 . RESULTS: There were 12 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 with a mean age of 74 (standard deviation [SD] 2) years who underwent PEVAR with a Perclose ProGlide suture-mediated closure system between July 2007 and July 2008. All surgeries were elective. Forty percent of @entity1 had a history of smoking, 73% were @entity101 , 33% were @entity6 , 20% had @entity1030 and 40% had @entity453 . Fourteen @entity1 had bilateral deployment for bifurcated devices (7 bifurcated Gore Excluder, 7 bifurcated Cook Zenith grafts), and 1 @entity1 had unilateral deployment for a Cook Zenith device. The outer diameter of the sheaths used for puncture sites was on average 18.1-Fr (SD 0.6), with main bodies being 21.1-Fr (SD 0.3) and contralateral sides 15-Fr (SD 0.3). Procedural success was 93%, with 1 @entity1 requiring a femoral artery cut-down because of failure of the Perclose device to deploy in the groin. Another @entity1 had persistent @entity548 in 1 puncture site that stopped with skin suturing. @entity439 repair was 100% with no conversion to open surgery and no type-I endoleaks. The mean length of stay in hospital was 2.2 (SD 0.4) days. There were no long-term groin complications at 6 (SD 1) months' follow-up. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first Canadian report of experience with PEVAR using the Perclose device. The technique is safe, reliable and allows discharge of @entity1 soon after surgery.

title: Canadian experience with percutaneous XXXX repair: short-term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['venous bleeding']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'Endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['iliac artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['aortic abdominal aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']