abstract: The prevalence of @entity65 as a marker of @entity4148 was studied in a group of juvenile @entity6 with long-standing disease, aged 20-58 years (mean 36). No @entity1 had clinical evidence of @entity11460 . The study was carried out employing the most simple techniques and routine equipment. Resting heart rate, beta-to-beat variation, Valsalva ratio, systolic blood pressure in supine position and immediately after standing were measured. The results were compared with those determined in an age and sex-matched population. Beat-to-beat variation test appeared to be the most sensitive technique in detecting an impaired autonomic function (12/54 = 22.2%). Resting @entity591 was found in 10 @entity1 and @entity551 in 6. Only 1 @entity1 had an abnormal Valsalva ratio associated with @entity551 and reduced beta-to-beat variation. In agreement with previous studies our data confirm that @entity5433 is frequent in asymptomatic @entity6 . The methods to detect these abnormalities are easy to perform. Therefore they may be routinely used as screening tests in the @entity6 population.

title: Abnormal cardiovascular reflexes in juvenile XXXX as preclinical signs of @entity4148 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: Purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of M-mode echocardiography (M-mode) and of 201Thallium myocardial scintigraphy (201T1) to detect transient @entity741 at rest in @entity1 . Fourteen male @entity1 (pts) were studied by the two techniques under basal conditions and during episodes of @entity951 at rest. Data were obtained in 2 pts in rapid succession during the same episode, in the remaining 12 pts in different episodes with electrocardiographic changes similar in site, type, entity and duration. Echocardiographic criteria of transient @entity63 (reversible asynergies and transient reduction of systolic thickening) were present in 9/11 pts during episodes of ST segment elevation; the scintigraphic ones (reversible perfusion defects) in 10/11 pts. In 3 pts during episodes of @entity308 M-mode was positive in 2, 201T1 in all three. The poor acoustic window in 2 pts and the involvement in one of left ventricular lateral wall not seen by M-mode on parasternal approach, may account for the 3 false negatives of M-mode. The single false negative of 201T1 can be related to the short duration (1') of the episode. A complete correspondence of site of @entity63 , detected by ECG, M-mode and T1, was observed. In conclusion, M-mode appears a reliable technique for detecting transient @entity63 episodes, being the main limits the acoustic window and the incapacity in exploring all ventricular walls and the main advantage the high temporal resolution, which permits to study continuously the full sequence of the @entity63 event. On the other hand 201T1 does not allow detection of episodes of short duration. This two techniques, when combined in anginal @entity1 , provide complementary information on perfusion and contraction respectively. The reliability of these techniques in the assessment of transient @entity741 is the basis for their possible diagnostic use in pts with transient specific ECG changes or with typical @entity158 without ECG evidence of @entity63 .

title: [Comparison between M-mode echocardiography and 201thallium myocardial scintigraphy for diagnosis of transient XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['anginal pain']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: The long-term antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of @entity13206 160 mg slow-release + @entity9804 20 mg was studied in 40 out- @entity1 with mild to moderate essential @entity101 followed during one year with monthly clinical visits. The fixed combination was given at the dosage of 1 tablet once daily, in the morning, increasing to 1 tablet b.i.d. in case of lying diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mmHg. After one year only 9 @entity1 were on 1 tablet b.i.d., the others remaining on 1 tablet once daily regimen. Clear-cut antihypertensive effect was already evident after the 1st month of treatment. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure further decreased after two months (p less than 0.01) showing then a constant trend to decrease till the 6th month; afterwards blood pressure values remained unchanged. Normalization of blood pressure was obtained in 63%, 73% and 80% of the @entity1 , respectively after 1, 6 and 12 months of treatment. Laboratory data did not show significant changes. Only 3 @entity1 complained of unwanted effects which were mild, transient and in no case compelled to interrupt the treatment. Results confirm that the fixed combination of @entity13206 160 mg slow-release + @entity9804 20 mg is able to long term control mild to moderate @entity101 with a good tolerability, thus allowing an improved @entity1 compliance.

title: One year efficacy and tolerability of @entity13206 slow-release and XXXX on fixed combination in mild to moderate @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9804 :: ('MESH:D002752', 'Chemical') :: ['chlortalidone', 'chlorthalidone']

entities_list: @entity13206 :: ('MESH:D010096', 'Chemical') :: ['oxprenolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity9804 :: (MESH:D002752,Chemical) :: ['chlorthalidone']


abstract: The long-term antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of @entity13206 160 mg slow-release + @entity9804 20 mg was studied in 40 out- @entity1 with mild to moderate essential @entity101 followed during one year with monthly clinical visits. The fixed combination was given at the dosage of 1 tablet once daily, in the morning, increasing to 1 tablet b.i.d. in case of lying diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mmHg. After one year only 9 @entity1 were on 1 tablet b.i.d., the others remaining on 1 tablet once daily regimen. Clear-cut antihypertensive effect was already evident after the 1st month of treatment. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure further decreased after two months (p less than 0.01) showing then a constant trend to decrease till the 6th month; afterwards blood pressure values remained unchanged. Normalization of blood pressure was obtained in 63%, 73% and 80% of the @entity1 , respectively after 1, 6 and 12 months of treatment. Laboratory data did not show significant changes. Only 3 @entity1 complained of unwanted effects which were mild, transient and in no case compelled to interrupt the treatment. Results confirm that the fixed combination of @entity13206 160 mg slow-release + @entity9804 20 mg is able to long term control mild to moderate @entity101 with a good tolerability, thus allowing an improved @entity1 compliance.

title: One year efficacy and tolerability of @entity13206 slow-release and @entity9804 on fixed combination in mild to moderate XXXX .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The long-term antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of @entity13206 160 mg slow-release + @entity9804 20 mg was studied in 40 out- @entity1 with mild to moderate essential @entity101 followed during one year with monthly clinical visits. The fixed combination was given at the dosage of 1 tablet once daily, in the morning, increasing to 1 tablet b.i.d. in case of lying diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mmHg. After one year only 9 @entity1 were on 1 tablet b.i.d., the others remaining on 1 tablet once daily regimen. Clear-cut antihypertensive effect was already evident after the 1st month of treatment. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure further decreased after two months (p less than 0.01) showing then a constant trend to decrease till the 6th month; afterwards blood pressure values remained unchanged. Normalization of blood pressure was obtained in 63%, 73% and 80% of the @entity1 , respectively after 1, 6 and 12 months of treatment. Laboratory data did not show significant changes. Only 3 @entity1 complained of unwanted effects which were mild, transient and in no case compelled to interrupt the treatment. Results confirm that the fixed combination of @entity13206 160 mg slow-release + @entity9804 20 mg is able to long term control mild to moderate @entity101 with a good tolerability, thus allowing an improved @entity1 compliance.

title: One year efficacy and tolerability of XXXX slow-release and @entity9804 on fixed combination in mild to moderate @entity101 .

answer: @entity13206 :: (MESH:D010096,Chemical) :: ['oxprenolol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to second-hand smoke affected the six-minute walk test (6MWT) of @entity28 non-asthmatic pediatric cases. METHODS: Obese pediatric @entity1 (body mass index >95th p) with no existing co-morbidities were included in the study. Smoke exposure was assessed with a self-reported questionnaire completed by the parents. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisting of @entity28 @entity1 exposed to passive smoking and Group 2 of @entity28 @entity1 not exposed to passive smoking. In addition to 6MWT, spirometric flow and volume, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s and peak expiratory flow rate, were also measured in all subjects. The results of the 6MWT were assessed to determine any association with passive smoking. RESULTS: The study included 75 @entity28 pediatric cases (40 male, 35 female) with a mean age of 9.06  0.97 years. The 6MWT results in Group 1 was 501.88  62.12 meters and in Group 2 559.63  72.93 meters. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Passive smoking may negatively affect the respiratory and cardiovascular capacity in @entity28 @entity1 , who are already at risk of lower cardiopulmonary function. The evaluation of 6MWT in these pediatric @entity1 may be useful for monitoring and families should be warned about potential problems due to smoking.

title: The effects of passive smoking on the six-minute walk test in XXXX pediatric cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and to compare the reliability of different b-values in detecting and identifying significant @entity1575 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: There were 44 @entity1 with @entity3619 ( @entity3619 ) in the study group and 30 healthy @entity1 in the control group. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) was performed before the liver biopsy in @entity1 with @entity3619 . The values of ADC were measured with 3 different b-values (100, 600, 1,000 s/ @entity202 ). In addition, @entity1575 was classified using the modified Ishak scoring system. @entity1575 stages and ADC values were compared using areas under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: The study group's mean ADC value was not statistically significantly different from the control group's mean ADC value at b = 100 s/ @entity202 (3.69    0.5 * 10-3 vs. 3.7    0.3 * 10-3 @entity202 /s) and b = 600 s/ @entity202 (2.40    0.3 * 10-3 vs. 2.5    0.5 * 10-3 @entity202 /s). However, the study group's mean ADC value (0.99    0.3 * 10-3 @entity202 /s) was significantly lower than that of the control group (1.2    0.1 * 10-3 @entity202 /s) at b = 1,000 s/ @entity202 . With b = 1,000 s/ @entity202 and the cutoff ADC value of 0.0011 @entity202 /s for the diagnosis of @entity1575 , the mean area under the ROC curve was 0.702    0.07 (p = 0.0015). For b = 1,000 s/ @entity202 and the cutoff ADC value of 0.0011 @entity202 /s to diagnose significant @entity1575 (Ishak score = 3), the mean area under the ROC curve was 0.759    0.07 (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Measurement of ADC values by DWI was effective in detecting @entity1575 and accurately identifying significant @entity1575 when a b-value of 1,000 s/ @entity202 was used.

title: Assessment of XXXX with Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Different b-values in @entity3619 .

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'Liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic viral hepatitis', 'CVH']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['Liver Fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and to compare the reliability of different b-values in detecting and identifying significant @entity1575 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: There were 44 @entity1 with @entity3619 ( @entity3619 ) in the study group and 30 healthy @entity1 in the control group. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) was performed before the liver biopsy in @entity1 with @entity3619 . The values of ADC were measured with 3 different b-values (100, 600, 1,000 s/ @entity202 ). In addition, @entity1575 was classified using the modified Ishak scoring system. @entity1575 stages and ADC values were compared using areas under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: The study group's mean ADC value was not statistically significantly different from the control group's mean ADC value at b = 100 s/ @entity202 (3.69    0.5 * 10-3 vs. 3.7    0.3 * 10-3 @entity202 /s) and b = 600 s/ @entity202 (2.40    0.3 * 10-3 vs. 2.5    0.5 * 10-3 @entity202 /s). However, the study group's mean ADC value (0.99    0.3 * 10-3 @entity202 /s) was significantly lower than that of the control group (1.2    0.1 * 10-3 @entity202 /s) at b = 1,000 s/ @entity202 . With b = 1,000 s/ @entity202 and the cutoff ADC value of 0.0011 @entity202 /s for the diagnosis of @entity1575 , the mean area under the ROC curve was 0.702    0.07 (p = 0.0015). For b = 1,000 s/ @entity202 and the cutoff ADC value of 0.0011 @entity202 /s to diagnose significant @entity1575 (Ishak score = 3), the mean area under the ROC curve was 0.759    0.07 (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Measurement of ADC values by DWI was effective in detecting @entity1575 and accurately identifying significant @entity1575 when a b-value of 1,000 s/ @entity202 was used.

title: Assessment of @entity1575 with Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Different b-values in XXXX .

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['Chronic Viral Hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Six acute traumatic hip dislocations in pediatric @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed. @entity3029 , associated lesions, treatment methods, complications, and clinical and radiological outcomes were reviewed. METHODS: Six @entity1 @entity1 treated due to traumatic @entity572 between 2007 and 2011 in our clinic were included in the study. While five of the @entity1 were male, one was female; the average age was 8 years and 8 months. The mean follow-up was 25.2  10 months. There were posterior dislocations in five cases and transepiphyseal @entity174 in one case. Four cases were treated by closed reduction while two cases were treated with open reduction method. RESULTS: In the last control of the @entity1 , asymmetric widening in the hip joint was found due to @entity174 in one @entity1 and @entity3192 occurred in one @entity1 . @entity2530 developed in one case with transepiphyseal @entity174 . Harris hip score evaluation was found excellent in five cases and bad in the case with @entity174 . CONCLUSION: Traumatic @entity572 is a rare condition. It should be treated with preferably closed method as soon as possible. @entity7184 trials should be avoided. Open reduction should be performed to recognize accompanying lesions after advanced radiologic examinations such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

title: Treatment and results in pediatric traumatic XXXX : Case series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Avascular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['Repetitive reduction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondral fracture', 'fractured dislocation']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity3192 :: ('MESH:D060905', 'Disease') :: ['coxa magna']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['Types of dislocations']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip dislocation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative efficacy of ranibizumab (RBZ) monotherapy or combined with laser (RBZ + Laser) versus laser monotherapy for the treatment of @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ). METHODS: A comprehensive literature search using PUBMED, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing RBZ or RBZ + Laser to laser monotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1103 . Efficacy estimates were determined by comparing @entity353 ( @entity353 ) in the change of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) from baseline, and the risk ratios (RR) for the proportions of @entity1 with at least 15 letters change from baseline. Safety analysis estimated the RR of @entity299 at 6 to 12 months in RBZ therapy vs. laser monotherapy. Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.1 software. RESULTS: Seven RCTs were selected for this meta-analysis, including 1749 @entity1 (394 @entity1 in the RBZ group, 642 @entity1 in the RBZ + Laser group, and 713 @entity1 in the laser group). RBZ and RBZ + Laser were superior to laser monotherapy in the mean change of BCVA and @entity1020 from baseline ( @entity353 =5.65, 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.44-6.87, P<0.00001; @entity353 =5.02, 95% CI, 3.83-6.20, P<0.00001, and @entity353 =-57.91, 95% CI, -77.62 to -38.20, P<0.00001; @entity353 =-56.63, 95% CI, -104.81 to -8.44, P=0.02, respectively). The pooled RR comparing the proportions of @entity1 with at least 15 letters improvement or deterioration were also in favor of RBZ and RBZ + Laser (RR=2.94, 95% CI, 1.82-4.77, P<0.00001; RR=2.04, 95% CI, 1.50-2.78, P<0.00001, and RR=0.21, 95% CI, 0.06-0.71, P=0.01; RR=0.52, 95% CI, 0.29-0.95, P=0.03, respectively). There were no significant differences between RBZ and RBZ + Laser for any of the parameters. There were no difference in the safety profile between RBZ and laser. CONCLUSION: RBZ and RBZ + Laser had better visual and anatomic outcomes than laser monotherapy in the treatment of @entity1103 . RBZ + Laser seemed to be equivalent to RBZ.

title: Ranibizumab Monotherapy or Combined with Laser versus Laser Monotherapy for XXXX : A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean differences']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['DME', 'diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disorders']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Macular Edema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Beta-glucan (b-glucan) including zymosan has been known as a super food because of its multifunctional activities, such as the enhancement of immune responses. To study the functional mechanism of b-glucan in immune stimulation, the effect of zymosan on dendritic cell (DC) was investigated by monitoring the production of @entity310 , a pro-inflammatory cytokine. DC was differentiated from @entity1 , a @entity1 @entity3052 cell line, by cytokine treatment and characterized. DC-specific cell surface markers were increased during the differentiation. Especially, @entity9651 , a b-glucan receptor, was upregulated during DC differentiation, and mediated zymosan-induced @entity310 production, which was inhibited by silencing of @entity9651 . Zymosan exhibited synergistic effect with other immune stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ), a well-known @entity6164 activator. Simultaneous treatment of zymosan and @entity4515 enhanced the nuclear translocation of NF-kB subunits, @entity2451 and @entity9135 , mediating the increase of @entity310 production. Bay 11-7082, an NF-kB inhibitor, blocked morphological changes and @entity310 production induced by zymosan and/or @entity4515 treatment. Western blot analysis has showed zymosan- @entity9651 pathway mediated destructive phosphorylation of inhibitor of @entity18159 in IKK complexes, while @entity4515 - @entity6164 pathway regulated selective phosphorylation and degradation of @entity15955 . Simultaneous phosphorylation of separate IKK subunits by co-treatment of zymosan and @entity4515 resulted in cooperative activation of NF-kB and @entity310 production.

title: Zymosan and XXXX activate the immune responses of @entity1 -derived dendritic cells synergistically.

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity18159 :: ('1147', 'Gene') :: ['NF-kB (IkB) kinase a subunit (IKKa)']

answer: @entity4515 :: (CHEBI:60755,Chemical) :: ['PMA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Beta-glucan (b-glucan) including zymosan has been known as a super food because of its multifunctional activities, such as the enhancement of immune responses. To study the functional mechanism of b-glucan in immune stimulation, the effect of zymosan on dendritic cell (DC) was investigated by monitoring the production of @entity310 , a pro-inflammatory cytokine. DC was differentiated from @entity1 , a @entity1 @entity3052 cell line, by cytokine treatment and characterized. DC-specific cell surface markers were increased during the differentiation. Especially, @entity9651 , a b-glucan receptor, was upregulated during DC differentiation, and mediated zymosan-induced @entity310 production, which was inhibited by silencing of @entity9651 . Zymosan exhibited synergistic effect with other immune stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ), a well-known @entity6164 activator. Simultaneous treatment of zymosan and @entity4515 enhanced the nuclear translocation of NF-kB subunits, @entity2451 and @entity9135 , mediating the increase of @entity310 production. Bay 11-7082, an NF-kB inhibitor, blocked morphological changes and @entity310 production induced by zymosan and/or @entity4515 treatment. Western blot analysis has showed zymosan- @entity9651 pathway mediated destructive phosphorylation of inhibitor of @entity18159 in IKK complexes, while @entity4515 - @entity6164 pathway regulated selective phosphorylation and degradation of @entity15955 . Simultaneous phosphorylation of separate IKK subunits by co-treatment of zymosan and @entity4515 resulted in cooperative activation of NF-kB and @entity310 production.

title: Zymosan and @entity4515 activate the immune responses of XXXX -derived dendritic cells synergistically.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Mutz3']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity227 ( @entity227 ) is a relatively independent parameter for evaluating the ability to distinguish details of a moving target. The present study has been designed to discuss the extent to which age-related @entity231 impacts @entity227 in elderly individuals and to determine whether it could be restored after bilateral phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation surgery. METHODS: Twenty-six elderly @entity231 @entity1 scheduled for binocular @entity231 surgery and 30 elderly volunteers without @entity231 were enrolled in the study. @entity227 at 15, 30, 60 and 90 degree per second (dps) was assessed, and velocity-dependent visual acuity decreases between consecutive speed levels were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the @entity1 group exhibited significantly worse @entity227 performance at all speed levels (p<0.001), and the decreases in velocity-dependent visual acuity were more serious in the @entity1 group at the intervals of 0-15 dps (p<0.001), 15-30 dps (p=0.007) and 30-60 dps (p=0.008). Postoperatively, @entity227 performance at every speed level in the @entity1 group clearly improved (p<0.001) and recovered to levels compatible to the control group. The decrease in visual acuity with increasing speed was less pronounced than during the preoperative phase (p0-15 dps=0.001, @entity9288 -30 dps<0.001 and @entity9510 -60 dps=0.001) and became similar to that of the control group. The postoperative visual benefit regarding @entity227 was more pronounced than the improvement in static visual acuity ( @entity9288 dps=0.001 and p<0.001 at 30 dps, 60 dps and 90 dps). CONCLUSIONS: The impact of age-related @entity231 on @entity227 was more severe than its effects on static visual acuity. After @entity231 surgery, not only static vision of the @entity1 was restored markedly, but also the dynamic vision. @entity227 could be an important adjunct to the current evaluation system of functional vision, thereby meriting additional attention in clinical assessment.

title: Significant improvement in dynamic visual acuity after XXXX surgery: a promising potential parameter for functional vision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['DVA', 'Dynamic visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Mesenchymal stem cells hold promise for @entity8 treatment. Vascular endothelial growth factor may heal tubule-interstitial @entity82 in unilateral @entity1695 by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We investigated the protective effect of vascular endothelial growth factor in transfected mesenchymal stem cells in unilateral @entity1695 -induced @entity8 in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male @entity35 Albino @entity35 (32 @entity35 ; weight, 250-300 g) were divided into 4 equal groups: group 1, control; group 2, unilateral @entity1695 ; group 3, unilateral @entity1695 and mesenchymal stem cells; and group 4, unilateral @entity1695 and vascular endothelial growth factor-transfected mesenchymal stem cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor-transfected mesenchymal stem cells were administered intravenously before onset of unilateral @entity1695 . On day 14, the @entity35 were killed and kidneys were retrieved. @entity4295 , mononuclear cell infiltration, and interstitial @entity82 were evaluated in paraffin blocks. We evaluated green fluorescent protein-positive and vascular endothelial growth factor-positive cells; anti-inflammatory ( @entity1421 receptor) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist), proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory ( @entity568 ), and proinflammatory ( @entity1589 ) cytokine expression levels; and levels of @entity842 ; transforming growth factor b1, @entity17937 , and @entity720 . RESULTS: Green fluorescent protein-positive cells were negative in the renal parenchyma in groups 1 and 2 and positive in groups 3 and 4. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels were significantly higher in group 4. Transforming growth factor b1, @entity842 , and @entity17937 levels were significantly higher in the unilateral @entity1695 than control group; however, in the study groups, these values were not significantly different from the unilateral @entity1695 group. In stem cell-transplanted tissue samples, @entity10570 antagonist, and @entity568 levels were elevated, but @entity1589 expression levels were low. Although there were significant differences for @entity4295 and @entity82 in group 2, there were significant reductions in @entity810 and @entity82 in groups 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic stem cells transplanted into the kidney protected against unilateral @entity1695 -induced @entity8 and @entity8 .

title: Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transfected With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Maintaining Renal Structure and Function in XXXX with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal epithelial-mesenchymal transition', 'renal fibrosis', 'renal disease', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['Tubular necrosis', 'tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['tubular injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biologic meshes are mostly used for abdominal wall reinforcement in infected fields, but no consensus has been reached on its use for @entity169 repairing. The purpose of this study was to compare biologic mesh with synthetic mesh in open inguinal herniorrhaphy. METHODS: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was undertaken to identify studies comparing the outcomes of biologic mesh and synthetic mesh in open @entity169 . Published studies were identified by the databases PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS: A total of 382 @entity1 in five randomized controlled trials were reviewed (179 @entity1 in biologic mesh group; 203 @entity1 in synthetic mesh group). The two groups did not significantly differ in chronic @entity158 (P = 0.06) or recurrence (P = 0.38). The incidence of @entity2080 trended higher in biologic mesh group (P = 0.03). Operating time was significantly longer with biologic mesh (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in @entity1410 (P = 0.23) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: From the data of this study, biologic mesh had no superiority to synthetic mesh in open @entity169 with similar recurrence rates and incidence of chronic @entity158 , but higher rate of @entity2080 and longer operating time. However, this mesh still needs to be assessed in a large, multicentre, well-designed randomized controlled trial.

title: Biologic mesh versus synthetic mesh in open XXXX : system review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['groin pain']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare systems spend considerable proportions of their budgets on pharmaceutical treatment of @entity101 , @entity407 , and @entity6 . From data on almost all residents of Austria, a country with mandatory health insurance and universal health coverage, we estimated potential cost savings by substituting prescribed medicines with the cheapest medicines that were of the same chemical substance and strength, and available during the same time. METHODS: Data from 8.3  million @entity1 (98.5  % of the total Austrian insured population) from 2009-2012 were analyzed. Real prescription costs for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic medicines achievable by same-substance, same-strength drug substitution were computed for each active ingredient, and per gender and 1-year age category of @entity1 . RESULTS: In 2012, health insurance providers spent < @entity7634 >231.3  million, < @entity7634 >77.8  million, and < @entity7634 >91.9  million for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and @entity6 medications, of which < @entity7634 >52.2  million (22.6  %), < @entity7634 >15.9 million (20.5  %), and < @entity7634 >4.1 million (4.5  %), respectively, could have been saved by same-substance drug substitution. Highest potential savings were calculated for @entity3591 (< @entity7634 >8.0 million, 65.4  %), @entity3413 (< @entity7634 >12.2 million, 59.3  %), and @entity2449 (< @entity7634 >2.4 million, 54.6  %), respectively. Higher savings for @entity1 than for @entity1 resulted from differing prescribed cumulative dosages and proportions of @entity1 with co-payment waiver. Potential cost savings in antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs increased from 2009-2012. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the cost-savings potential from arguably the most acceptable of interventions, simply switching to the cheapest available same-substance, same-strength product. In 2012, this strategy could have reduced costs for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic treatment by up to 18.0  %.

title: Potential Savings in Prescription Drug Costs for XXXX , @entity407 , and @entity6 by Equivalent Drug Substitution in Austria: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare systems spend considerable proportions of their budgets on pharmaceutical treatment of @entity101 , @entity407 , and @entity6 . From data on almost all residents of Austria, a country with mandatory health insurance and universal health coverage, we estimated potential cost savings by substituting prescribed medicines with the cheapest medicines that were of the same chemical substance and strength, and available during the same time. METHODS: Data from 8.3  million @entity1 (98.5  % of the total Austrian insured population) from 2009-2012 were analyzed. Real prescription costs for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic medicines achievable by same-substance, same-strength drug substitution were computed for each active ingredient, and per gender and 1-year age category of @entity1 . RESULTS: In 2012, health insurance providers spent < @entity7634 >231.3  million, < @entity7634 >77.8  million, and < @entity7634 >91.9  million for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and @entity6 medications, of which < @entity7634 >52.2  million (22.6  %), < @entity7634 >15.9 million (20.5  %), and < @entity7634 >4.1 million (4.5  %), respectively, could have been saved by same-substance drug substitution. Highest potential savings were calculated for @entity3591 (< @entity7634 >8.0 million, 65.4  %), @entity3413 (< @entity7634 >12.2 million, 59.3  %), and @entity2449 (< @entity7634 >2.4 million, 54.6  %), respectively. Higher savings for @entity1 than for @entity1 resulted from differing prescribed cumulative dosages and proportions of @entity1 with co-payment waiver. Potential cost savings in antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs increased from 2009-2012. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the cost-savings potential from arguably the most acceptable of interventions, simply switching to the cheapest available same-substance, same-strength product. In 2012, this strategy could have reduced costs for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic treatment by up to 18.0  %.

title: Potential Savings in Prescription Drug Costs for @entity101 , @entity407 , and XXXX by Equivalent Drug Substitution in Austria: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare systems spend considerable proportions of their budgets on pharmaceutical treatment of @entity101 , @entity407 , and @entity6 . From data on almost all residents of Austria, a country with mandatory health insurance and universal health coverage, we estimated potential cost savings by substituting prescribed medicines with the cheapest medicines that were of the same chemical substance and strength, and available during the same time. METHODS: Data from 8.3  million @entity1 (98.5  % of the total Austrian insured population) from 2009-2012 were analyzed. Real prescription costs for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic medicines achievable by same-substance, same-strength drug substitution were computed for each active ingredient, and per gender and 1-year age category of @entity1 . RESULTS: In 2012, health insurance providers spent < @entity7634 >231.3  million, < @entity7634 >77.8  million, and < @entity7634 >91.9  million for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and @entity6 medications, of which < @entity7634 >52.2  million (22.6  %), < @entity7634 >15.9 million (20.5  %), and < @entity7634 >4.1 million (4.5  %), respectively, could have been saved by same-substance drug substitution. Highest potential savings were calculated for @entity3591 (< @entity7634 >8.0 million, 65.4  %), @entity3413 (< @entity7634 >12.2 million, 59.3  %), and @entity2449 (< @entity7634 >2.4 million, 54.6  %), respectively. Higher savings for @entity1 than for @entity1 resulted from differing prescribed cumulative dosages and proportions of @entity1 with co-payment waiver. Potential cost savings in antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs increased from 2009-2012. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the cost-savings potential from arguably the most acceptable of interventions, simply switching to the cheapest available same-substance, same-strength product. In 2012, this strategy could have reduced costs for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic treatment by up to 18.0  %.

title: Potential Savings in Prescription Drug Costs for @entity101 , XXXX , and @entity6 by Equivalent Drug Substitution in Austria: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['Hyperlipidemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: A new clinical test for the diagnosis of @entity397 is described: the so-called "Lever Sign". This prospective study on four groups of @entity1 divided subjects on the basis of MRI findings (complete or partial @entity75 ) and the clinical phase of the injury (acute or chronic). The hypothesis was that this manual test would be diagnostic for both partial and complete tears of the ACL regardless of the elapsed time from injury. METHODS: A total of 400 @entity1 were evaluated and divided into four, equal-sized groups based on time elapsed from injury and MRI findings: Group A (acute phase with positive MRI for complete @entity397 ), Group B (chronic phase with positive MRI for complete @entity397 ), Group C (acute phase with positive MRI for partial @entity397 ), and Group D (chronic phase with positive MRI for partial @entity397 ). Clinical assessment was performed with the Lachman test, the Anterior Drawer test, the Pivot Shift test, and the Lever Sign test. The Lever Sign test involves placing a fulcrum under the supine @entity1 's @entity291 and applying a downward force to the quadriceps. Depending on whether the ACL is intact or not, the @entity1 's heel will either rise off of the examination table or remain down. Additionally, the Lever Sign test was performed on the un-injured leg of all 400 @entity1 as a control. RESULTS: All tests were nearly 100  % sensitive for @entity1 with chronic, complete tears of the ACL. However, for @entity1 with acute, partial tears, the sensitivity was much lower for the Lachman test (0.42), Anterior Drawer test (0.29), and Pivot Shift test (0.11), but not the Lever Sign test (1.00). CONCLUSION: In general, chronic, complete tears were most successfully diagnosed but acute, partial tears were least successfully diagnosed. The Lever Sign test is more sensitive to correctly diagnosing both acute and partial tears of the ACL compared with other common manual tests. The clinical relevance is that some @entity397 may be more accurately diagnosed.

title: The "Lever Sign": a new clinical test for the diagnosis of anterior cruciate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ACL ruptures', 'ACL rupture']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ACL lesion']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ligament rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Taking over the responsibility for one's own health and active participation in eliminating the existing health problems is ever more widespread in the world. Self-medication in the form of using any kind of therapy without previous consultation with medical professionals has been ever more common among student populations in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes about self-medication for @entity158 relief and features of self-medication in first-year students of the University of Applied Health Studies in Zagreb. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire, which was completed by 389 respondents. RESULTS: @entity25515 in the past year was reported by 74.6% of respondents, significantly more by female students (80.8%); 62.6% of female students used painkillers once a month versus 45.7% of male students taking analgesics once a year. @entity5018 was preferred by female students and @entity117 by male students. @entity10 was the most common indication for @entity25515 (76.6%), followed by menstrual discomforts in female students (66.2%) and toothache (28.6%). Significant sex differences were recorded in the choice of drugs, indications for self-medication, and frequency of drug use. There were no differences between study courses. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate student education and improved information transfer between professionals and students are the key elements to ensure judicious, quality and knowledge based use of drugs among students.

title: Characteristics of self-medication for XXXX relief among first-year health care students in Zagreb, Croatia.

entities_list: @entity25515 :: ('OMIM:601696', 'Disease') :: ['taking painkillers', 'Taking painkillers']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This prospective randomized study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of a haemostatic matrix in @entity954 control and prevention of @entity86 after major lung surgery. METHODS: One hundred and twenty @entity1 undergoing major lung resection and presenting with intraoperative persistent active @entity548 have been prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to receive [Floseal   group (FG)] or not (control group) the application of Floseal   to the @entity548 site and to the site of the hilar dissection. To evaluate the efficacy of the product, several intraoperative and postoperative data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: No adverse event related to the haemostatic matrix application occurred. The intraoperative haemostasis rate at 3 (primary end-point), 6 and 10 min was significantly higher and the mean time to haemostasis was significantly shorter in the FG. The quantity of chest drain fluids did not show significant differences at 24, 48 and 72 h between the two groups. Postoperative haemoglobin-level variation was significantly lower in @entity1 of the FG (-0.7    0.66 vs -2.3    5.87 g/dl; P = 0.04). Similarly, haematocrit variation was lower in the haemostatic group (-2.6    2.19 vs -4.2    3.71; P = 0.006). The chest drain duration resulted significantly shorter in the FG (10.3    5.05 vs 13.3    6.28 days; P = 0.005). In-hospital stay was shorter in the FG (6.4    2.9 vs 8.1    5.42 days; P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the application of Floseal   in major lung resections proved safe and effective in increasing the intraoperative successful haemostasis rate and in reducing postoperative variation in haemoglobin and haematocrit levels. The sealant use was also related with a significantly shorter chest drain duration and hospitalization.

title: Evaluation of the efficacy of a haemostatic matrix for control of intraoperative and XXXX in major lung surgery: a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) associated with antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity11248 in cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. Data were gathered from @entity1 charts and national registers. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : All adult @entity1 who underwent cardiac surgery at the authors' institution between January 1, 2010 and July 31, 2013 were eligible for the study. INTERVENTIONS: The risk for @entity810 associated with @entity11248 prophylaxis was estimated by multivariate logistic regression. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary endpoint, @entity810 , was defined according to the @entity810 Network criteria stage 1, as an increase of postoperative serum @entity1011 by>= 26  mol/L (>= 0.3 mg/dL) or a relative increase of>= 50% compared to the preoperative value. The authors included 2,809 @entity1 , and 1,056 (38%) received a combination of @entity11248 and @entity5152 for antibiotic prophylaxis. The remaining 1,753 (62%) @entity1 received only @entity5152 and constituted the control group. @entity810 occurred in 32% (n = 343) in the @entity11248 group compared to 29% (n = 517) in the control group. There was a significant association between antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity11248 and @entity810 ; multivariate adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.70). There was a dose-dependent relationship; 600 mg OR: 1.48 (95% CI 1.17-1.87), and 400 mg OR: 1.34 (95% CI 1.06-1.71). The findings were confirmed in several subgroup analyses; @entity1 (OR: 1.27; 95% CI 1.03-1.56); @entity1 (OR: 1.90; 95% CI 1.30-2.80); normal renal function (OR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.07-1.60), and @entity177 (OR: 1.80; 95% CI 1.13-2.85). CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity11248 was associated with an increased risk of @entity810 after cardiac surgery. The relative risk of @entity810 was higher in @entity1 and in @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: Antibiotic Prophylaxis by XXXX and Risk of @entity810 in Cardiac Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity5152 :: ('MESH:D003023', 'Chemical') :: ['cloxacillin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['reduced renal function']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Kidney Injury', 'AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity11248 :: (MESH:D017334,Chemical) :: ['Teicoplanin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) associated with antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity11248 in cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. Data were gathered from @entity1 charts and national registers. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : All adult @entity1 who underwent cardiac surgery at the authors' institution between January 1, 2010 and July 31, 2013 were eligible for the study. INTERVENTIONS: The risk for @entity810 associated with @entity11248 prophylaxis was estimated by multivariate logistic regression. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary endpoint, @entity810 , was defined according to the @entity810 Network criteria stage 1, as an increase of postoperative serum @entity1011 by>= 26  mol/L (>= 0.3 mg/dL) or a relative increase of>= 50% compared to the preoperative value. The authors included 2,809 @entity1 , and 1,056 (38%) received a combination of @entity11248 and @entity5152 for antibiotic prophylaxis. The remaining 1,753 (62%) @entity1 received only @entity5152 and constituted the control group. @entity810 occurred in 32% (n = 343) in the @entity11248 group compared to 29% (n = 517) in the control group. There was a significant association between antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity11248 and @entity810 ; multivariate adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.70). There was a dose-dependent relationship; 600 mg OR: 1.48 (95% CI 1.17-1.87), and 400 mg OR: 1.34 (95% CI 1.06-1.71). The findings were confirmed in several subgroup analyses; @entity1 (OR: 1.27; 95% CI 1.03-1.56); @entity1 (OR: 1.90; 95% CI 1.30-2.80); normal renal function (OR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.07-1.60), and @entity177 (OR: 1.80; 95% CI 1.13-2.85). CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity11248 was associated with an increased risk of @entity810 after cardiac surgery. The relative risk of @entity810 was higher in @entity1 and in @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: Antibiotic Prophylaxis by @entity11248 and Risk of XXXX in Cardiac Surgery.

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute Kidney Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is one of the most recent advances of surgery for treating @entity5845 . Many laparoscopic devices have evolved to provide vascular control and tissue dissection. METHODS: This is a prospective randomized study comparing the intraoperative and @entity260 and operative time of two groups of @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. In the first group after randomization, sleeve gastrectomy was performed using Ligasure    and in the second group Harmonic @entity1289   was used. RESULTS: In total, 94 @entity1 were enrolled in the study allocated in two groups. In group 1, 43 @entity1 were operated using Ligasure   , and in group 2, 51 @entity1 were operated using Harmonic @entity1289  . No significant differences were highlighted between these two groups with regards to operative time (45.0        15.0 vs 40.0        20.0  min, p   =   0.199), intraoperative complications (32.6 vs 15.7  %, p   =   0.054) and @entity260 (4.7 vs 17.6  %, p   =   0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Both Ligasure    and Harmonic @entity1289   provide surgeons ergonomy, and no significant differences were shown in operative time and complications. Safety and efficacy in such demanding operations is of critical importance. Choice between these two shears lies with surgeon's preference.

title: Using Ligasure    or Harmonic XXXX   in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomies? A Prospective Randomized Study.

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['Ace']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate cellular immune function and its clinical significance in @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). METHODS: 45 @entity1582 @entity1 were divided into three groups:newly diagnosed (n=18), stable stage (n=17) and relapsed/refractory (n=10). The frequencies of T cell subtypes, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DC), helper T cells (including @entity1198 and Th2), regulatory T cells(Treg) and Th17 cells in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Serum concentrations of @entity6393 ( @entity6393 ), @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and hemoglobin (Hb) were also detected, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with controls and stable stage group, the ratios of @entity404 +/ @entity405 +, DC1/ @entity22397 , and @entity1198 /Th2, the numbers of Treg and NK cells were significantly lower in newly diagnosed group. However, the ratio of @entity4155 /Treg was significantly higher in newly diagnosed group (P<0.05). Compared with stable stage group, the ratios of @entity404 +/ @entity405 +, DC1/ @entity22397 and @entity1198 /Th2 were significantly lower, and the ratio of @entity4155 /Treg was significantly higher in relapsed/refractory group (P<0.05). In higher ISS stages, the ratios of @entity404 +/ @entity405 + and @entity1198 /Th2 were significantly lower and the ratio of @entity4155 /Treg was significantly higher (P<0.05). There were negative correlations between the ratios of @entity404 +/ @entity405 +, DC1/ @entity22397 , @entity1198 /Th2 and the levels of @entity6393 and LDH, respectively (P<0.05). The ratio of @entity4155 /Treg was positively correlated with the levels of @entity6393 and LDH (P<0.05). They were no correlated with the level of Hb (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The abnormal ratios of @entity404 +/ @entity405 +, DC1/ @entity22397 , @entity1198 /Th2 and @entity4155 /Treg were closely related with @entity74 stages, treatment outcomes, progression and prognosis in @entity1582 @entity1 .

title: [Cellular immune function and its clinical implications in 45 @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disease condition']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate cellular immune function and its clinical significance in @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). METHODS: 45 @entity1582 @entity1 were divided into three groups:newly diagnosed (n=18), stable stage (n=17) and relapsed/refractory (n=10). The frequencies of T cell subtypes, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DC), helper T cells (including @entity1198 and Th2), regulatory T cells(Treg) and Th17 cells in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Serum concentrations of @entity6393 ( @entity6393 ), @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and hemoglobin (Hb) were also detected, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with controls and stable stage group, the ratios of @entity404 +/ @entity405 +, DC1/ @entity22397 , and @entity1198 /Th2, the numbers of Treg and NK cells were significantly lower in newly diagnosed group. However, the ratio of @entity4155 /Treg was significantly higher in newly diagnosed group (P<0.05). Compared with stable stage group, the ratios of @entity404 +/ @entity405 +, DC1/ @entity22397 and @entity1198 /Th2 were significantly lower, and the ratio of @entity4155 /Treg was significantly higher in relapsed/refractory group (P<0.05). In higher ISS stages, the ratios of @entity404 +/ @entity405 + and @entity1198 /Th2 were significantly lower and the ratio of @entity4155 /Treg was significantly higher (P<0.05). There were negative correlations between the ratios of @entity404 +/ @entity405 +, DC1/ @entity22397 , @entity1198 /Th2 and the levels of @entity6393 and LDH, respectively (P<0.05). The ratio of @entity4155 /Treg was positively correlated with the levels of @entity6393 and LDH (P<0.05). They were no correlated with the level of Hb (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The abnormal ratios of @entity404 +/ @entity405 +, DC1/ @entity22397 , @entity1198 /Th2 and @entity4155 /Treg were closely related with @entity74 stages, treatment outcomes, progression and prognosis in @entity1582 @entity1 .

title: [Cellular immune function and its clinical implications in 45 XXXX with @entity1582 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the @entity1 ' characteristics and efficacy of prognosis evaluation by International Prognosis Scoring System (IPSS) and Revised International Prognosis Scoring System (IPSS-R) in @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). METHODS: Prognostic value of IPSS and IPSS-R was evaluated on clinical data from 159 @entity2590 @entity1 , according to WHO classification. RESULTS: With a median age of 44 years (range:15-80 years), @entity2590 @entity1 had the frequency of 38.56% with abnormal karyotype, including the most common abnormality +8 (20/153, 12.6%). 34 of 142 @entity1 transformed into @entity1778 . Age and the level of b2 micro-globulin were the prognostic factors by multivariate analysis and IPSS-R had a better prognostic significance. The differences in cumulative survival between IPSS subgroups were significant (P<0.05) except that between low- and intermediate I-risk group (P>0.05). There were statistical differences for IPSS-R low risk group vs high or very high risk group, and intermediate risk group vs high or very high risk group (P<0.05). IPSS-R enables IPSS subgroups re-stratification and split IPSS intermediate I-risk group into two subgroups with different prognosis. CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in age of onset, distribution of prognosis scoring system subgroups and abnormal karyotype compared with those in Europe and America. The proportion of higher risk (worse than good karyotype) in IPSS-R was higher than that in Europe and America. Age and the level of b2 micro-globulin were prognostic factors. Both IPSS and IPSS-R were applicable in Chinese @entity2590 @entity1 and the latter performed better. Applying IPSS-R to re-stratify IPSS subgroups helps evaluate prognosis more accurately and improve treatment outcomes.

title: [A comparable analysis of IPSS and IPSS-R for evaluating prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7026 ( @entity2758 ) is traditionally thought of as a congenital diagnosis. In recent years, there has been infrequent reports of this @entity531 presenting as de novo entities. METHODS: The authors report two cases of pediatric @entity1 who present with de novo cerebral AVMs. In both cases, the @entity1 had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain done as part of the work-up for first-onset @entity410 . At that point in time, the scans were unremarkable. After a latent period of approximately 6 and 9  years respectively, a repeated MRI brain scan showed evidence of de novo @entity2758 for each @entity1 . RESULTS: Both @entity1 did not have radiological evidence of @entity7026 during their first presentation of @entity410 . However, a repeated MRI brain scan after a period of 6 and 9  years demonstrated new findings of @entity7026 for each @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the disease of cerebral de novo @entity2758 remain as an ambiguous condition that is poorly understood. With the advances in molecular diagnostics, there are possibilities of exploring biochemical profiles for better understanding of the origin of cerebral AVMs. However, in the meantime, owing to the unpredictable nature of cerebral AVMs, clinicians should have increased awareness of this unique condition. This is especially important, as definitive treatment is available to prevent devastating @entity16 from @entity7026 .

title: Pediatric de novo XXXX : report of two cases and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral arteriovenous malformation', 'cerebral AVM', 'cerebral AVM rupture']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular condition']

answer: @entity7026 :: (MESH:D002538,Disease) :: ['cerebral AVM']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Obesity prevalence is nearly double among individuals with @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), including @entity161 spectrum disorders, @entity162 , or major @entity308 , compared with the general population. Emerging mobile health (m-health) technologies are increasingly available and offer the potential to support lifestyle interventions targeting @entity353 , yet the practical feasibility of using these technologies in this high-risk group has not been established. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of popular m-health technologies for activity tracking among overweight and @entity28 individuals with @entity1032 . We provided wearable activity monitoring devices (FitBit [San Francisco, CA] @entity10688    or Nike Inc. [Beaverton, OR] FuelBand) and smartphones (Apple [Cupertino, CA] iPhone(  ) 4S) for accessing the smartphone application for each device to @entity1 with @entity1032 enrolled in a @entity353 program. Feasibility of these devices was measured by the frequency of use over time. Acceptability was measured through qualitative follow-up interviews with @entity1 . Ten @entity1 with @entity1032 wore the devices for a mean of 89% (standard deviation=13%) of the days in the study. Five @entity1 wore the devices 100% of the time. @entity1 reported high satisfaction, stating the devices were easy to use, helpful for setting goals, motivational, and useful for self-monitoring. Several @entity1 liked the social connectivity feature of the devices where they could see each other's progress on the smartphone application, noting that "friendly" competition increased motivation to be more physically active. This study supports using popular m-health technologies for activity tracking among individuals with @entity1032 . These findings can inform the design of @entity353 interventions targeting this vulnerable @entity1 population.

title: Feasibility of Popular m-Health Technologies for Activity Tracking Among Individuals with Serious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['serious mental illness', 'SMI']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['Mental Illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of treated preoperative @entity2348 on the outcome of living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is not well defined. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of pre-transplant @entity2348 within one month before LDLT and their impact on the post-transplant morbidity and mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 50 adult LDLT recipients between January 2009 and October 2011. @entity1 were divided into two groups based on whether they had episodes of @entity2348 within one month before LDLT. RESULTS: There were 20 @entity1 who required antimicrobial therapy for pre-transplant infections. The pre-transplant infections comprised @entity293 (35%), @entity255 (10%), @entity55 (10%), @entity2259 (5%), spontaneous @entity298 (5%), acute @entity1244 (5%), @entity733 (5%), and empirical treatment (25%). @entity1 with pre-transplant infections had higher @entity1 -Pugh scores [median, 11 vs. 9.5, P<0.05] and model for @entity3851 scores [median, 17.5 vs. 14, P<0.05] compared with the other @entity1 . There were no correlations between the pathogens involved in the pre-transplant infections and those involved in @entity8 . The incidence of @entity8 was higher in the pre-transplant infection group within one week after LDLT, but was almost the same within one month after LDLT. The one-year survival rates were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although pre-transplant infections are associated with a high risk of postoperative @entity2348 shortly after LDLT, they did not affect the short-term outcome when they had been appropriately treated before transplantation.

title: The impact of treated XXXX within one month before living donor liver transplantation in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['post-transplant infections']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous abscess']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial infections']


abstract: Introduction. Most @entity1 admitted to the Intensive Care Units (ICU) receive antimicrobial treatment. A proper therapeutic strategy may be useful in decreasing inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatments. When the @entity281 is not microbiologically confirmed, the antimicrobial streamlining may be difficult. Nevertheless, there is scant information about the influence of the microbiological confirmation of the @entity281 on empirical antimicrobial treatment duration. Method. Post-hoc analysis of prospective data (ENVIN-UCI register) and observational study of @entity1 admitted (> 24 hours) in a medico-surgical ICU, through the three-months annual surveillance interval for a period of ten years, receiving antimicrobial treatment for treating an @entity281 . @entity281 and microbiological data were collected as well as empirical antimicrobial treatment and causes of adaptation. The main goal was to establish the influence of microbiological confirmation on empirical antimicrobial treatment duration. Results. During the study period 1,526 @entity1 were included, 1,260 @entity281 were diagnosed and an empirical antibiotic treatment was started in 1,754 cases. Infections were microbiologically confirmed in 1,073 (62.2%) of the empirical antibiotic treatment. In 593 (55.3%) cases, the antimicrobial treatment was considered appropriate. The main cause of treatment adaptation in the microbiologically confirmed @entity281 was streamlining (39%). The microbiological confirmation of the @entity281 was not associated with significantly shorter empirical antibiotic treatments (6.6    5.2 VS. 6.8    4.5 days). Conclusion. The microbiological confirmation of @entity281 in @entity1 admitted to UCI was associated with a higher reduction of antimicrobial spectrum, although had no effect on the length of empirical antimicrobial therapy.

title: [Empirical antimicrobial therapy in ICU admitted XXXX . Influence of microbiological confirmation on the length of treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'Demographic, infection', 'infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Different pathological @entity17 and @entity393 can alter the magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) in brain tissue. The standard method to measure this effect is to scan the respective tissue twice, one with and one without a specific saturation pulse. A major drawback of this technique based on spoiled gradient echo (GRE) sequences relates to its long acquisition time due to the saturation pulses. Recently, an alternative concept for MT imaging based on balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) has been proposed. Modification of the duration of the radiofrequency pulses for imaging allows scanning MT sensitive and non-sensitive images. The steady-state character of bSSFP with high intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) allows three-dimensional (3D) whole brain MTR at high spatial resolution within short and thus clinically feasible acquisition times. In the present study, both bSSFP-MT and 2D GRE-MT imaging were used in a cohort of 31 @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) to characterize different normal appearing (NA) and pathological @entity75 . Under the constraint of identical SNR and scan time, a 3.4 times higher voxel size could be achieved with bSSFP. This increased resolution allowed a more accurate delineation of the different @entity75 , especially of cortex, hippocampus and @entity15 . In a multiple linear regression model, we found an association between MTR of @entity75 and a clinical measure of disability (r= -0.407, p=0.035) in the bSSFP dataset only. The different relaxation weighting of the base images (T2/T1 in bSSFP, proton density in GRE) had no effects besides a larger spreading of the MTR values of the different NA structures. This was demonstrated by the nearly perfect linearity between the NA matter MTR of both techniques as well as in the absolute MTR differences between NA matter and the respective lesions.

title: Comparison between balanced steady-state free precession and standard spoiled gradient echo magnetization transfer ratio imaging in XXXX : methodical and clinical considerations.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['processes like demyelination']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain structures', 'cortical lesions']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['axonal loss']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis', 'MS lesions']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Perspective taking is the ability to imagine what a scene looks like from a different viewpoint, which has been reported to be impaired in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). This study compared overhead and first- @entity1 view perspective taking abilities in @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity195 . A newly developed Arena Perspective Taking Task (APTT), using an environment of a circular arena, was used to compare 23 @entity195 @entity1 and 38 @entity73 @entity1 with 18 healthy controls. The results were contrasted with a published perspective taking test (Standardized Road-Map Test of Direction Sense, RMTDS). The @entity195 group was @entity73 and first- @entity1 view APTT versions, but the impairment in the overhead view version applied specifically to @entity1 . @entity1 with aMCI were impaired in the first- @entity1 view but not in the overhead view version. Substantial sexual differences were found in the overhead but not in the first- @entity1 view APTT version. The RMTDS resembled both APTT versions: @entity1 with aMCI were impaired in this test and also @entity1 in both @entity1 groups were less accurate than @entity1 . Using the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the highest predictive power for @entity73 and @entity195 @entity1 diagnosis versus controls was observed for their success rate in the first- @entity1 view version. The results suggest distinction between overhead and first- @entity1 view perspective taking in the @entity73 @entity1 and the sex differences. The first- @entity1 view perspective taking is a potentially important candidate psychological marker for @entity195 .

title: Perspective taking abilities in amnestic @entity73 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment', 'amnestic MCI', 'impairment of aMCI', 'impaired in both overhead']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Perspective taking is the ability to imagine what a scene looks like from a different viewpoint, which has been reported to be impaired in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). This study compared overhead and first- @entity1 view perspective taking abilities in @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity195 . A newly developed Arena Perspective Taking Task (APTT), using an environment of a circular arena, was used to compare 23 @entity195 @entity1 and 38 @entity73 @entity1 with 18 healthy controls. The results were contrasted with a published perspective taking test (Standardized Road-Map Test of Direction Sense, RMTDS). The @entity195 group was @entity73 and first- @entity1 view APTT versions, but the impairment in the overhead view version applied specifically to @entity1 . @entity1 with aMCI were impaired in the first- @entity1 view but not in the overhead view version. Substantial sexual differences were found in the overhead but not in the first- @entity1 view APTT version. The RMTDS resembled both APTT versions: @entity1 with aMCI were impaired in this test and also @entity1 in both @entity1 groups were less accurate than @entity1 . Using the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the highest predictive power for @entity73 and @entity195 @entity1 diagnosis versus controls was observed for their success rate in the first- @entity1 view version. The results suggest distinction between overhead and first- @entity1 view perspective taking in the @entity73 @entity1 and the sex differences. The first- @entity1 view perspective taking is a potentially important candidate psychological marker for @entity195 .

title: Perspective taking abilities in amnestic XXXX and @entity195 .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity428 ( @entity428 ) monitoring is the standard of care for @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and is used frequently. However, the efficacy of treatment based on the type of @entity428 monitor used for improving @entity1 outcome has not been assessed prospectively. This study explores whether the type of @entity428 monitoring device used affects the neurologic outcomes of @entity1 with @entity131 . METHODS: A prospective, observational study was conducted in 122 @entity1 with @entity131 >= 13 years old with indications for monitoring who were being treated in neurosurgical intensive care units between January 2009 and December 2012. All enrolled @entity1 required monitoring randomly using an external ventricular drain (EVD) or intraparenchymal fiberoptic monitor (IPM). @entity1 were placed into 2 groups depending on the type of monitoring device. Clinically relevant outcomes, refractory intracranial @entity101 , survival rates, and device-related complications were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: There was a significant between-group difference in the Glasgow Outcome Scale score 6 months after injury, which was the primary outcome. Refractory intracranial @entity101 was diagnosed in 44 of 122 @entity1 , and @entity1 monitored using IPM had a higher percentage of refractory intracranial @entity101 (51.7% vs. 21.0%, P < 0.001). The 1-month survival rate was 90.3% in the EVD group and 76.7% in the IPM group (log-rank test, P  = 0.04), and @entity1 managed with EVDs had a significantly higher 6-month postinjury survival rate compared with @entity1 treated with IPMs (88.7% vs. 68.3%, log-rank test, P  = 0.006). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in device-related complications (P  = 0.448). CONCLUSIONS: Device selection for @entity428 monitoring provides prognostic discrimination, and use of EVDs may have a bigger advantage in controlling refractory intracranial @entity101 . Based on our findings, we recommend routine placement of an EVD in @entity1 with @entity131 , unless only parenchymal-type monitoring is available.

title: External Ventricular Drains versus Intraparenchymal Intracranial Pressure Monitors in XXXX : A Prospective Observational Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial pressure', 'ICP']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In comparison with monotherapy in western medicine, @entity1058 ( @entity1058 ) advocates combinational therapy for treating diseases and @entity1058 formula is a representative for this approach. Despite of extensive clinical applications of @entity1058 formulae, knowledge about their pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and cellular targets remains limited. A main contributing factor to these unanswered questions is unavailability of chemical compositions and their contents in the formulae. Several challenges hinder global qualitative and quantitative analysis of the formulae, including large quantities of constituents, potential physicochemical changes during decoction and lack of authentic standards. Herein we introduced an integrated strategy based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 ) systems to address such challenges. First, liquid chromatography-ion trap and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT/ @entity15 and LC-QTOF/ @entity15 ) were utilized to characterize chemical profiling of the formulae. Meanwhile, @entity15 (2) of IT/ @entity15 produced major parameters for derivative multiple reaction monitoring (DeMRM) on liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-TQ/ @entity15 ), which offered rapid and direct transition design in the quantitative assay. Instead of authentic standards, serial dilutions of single herbs were employed in this study to construct calibration curves necessary for calculating relative concentrations of components. Xiao-Banxia decoction and its four analogous formulae were then taken to exemplify the feasibility of currently proposed methodology. Among the 160 qualitatively identified components, a total of 138 components were semi-quantified for these decoctions. Based on these results, we demonstrated that co-decoction of different herbs could result in concentration variations of components and this effect was more prominent when certain herbs were combined. Our results indicated that the present strategy would significantly contribute to chemical studies on @entity1058 and its utilities could be extended to other research fields, such as metabolomics and comparative chemistry.

title: Derivative multiple reaction monitoring and single herb calibration approach for multiple components quantification of XXXX analogous formulae.

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['traditional Chinese medicine', 'TCM']

answer: @entity1058 :: (MESH:C562377,Disease) :: ['traditional Chinese medicine']


abstract: @entity227 following ischaemic accidents of the left posterior cerebral artery is often associated with @entity2026 , @entity2414 , @entity132 and elements of visuoverbal disconnection, with the result that some authors reject the notion of @entity227 . By using a relatively simple examination procedure it is, however, possible to clearly differentiate the various disturbances, as shown by the case of a right-handed 66-year-old @entity1 in whom this type of vascular accident occurred. Neither the reduced intellectual capacities nor the @entity2414 can explain the differences observed in the treatment of visual stimuli, which was very disturbed, and the normal treatment of other types of stimulus. @entity1833 are not sufficient to prevent correct discrimination, as all tests of matching object, images, colours, and graphic signs were successfully accomplished. Identification was disturbed however: the @entity1 could not show the use of objects presented visually, and this disorder is related to the visual characteristics of the stimuli, which excludes a simple visuogestural disconnection; results of tests of classifying types of object images, colours, and graphic signs were markedly abnormal. Naming of these stimuli was also affected, even when they were correctly identified; this results from the visuoverbal disconnection associated with the @entity1054 , but it is insufficient to account for it, as the @entity1 could correctly use objects that had been wrongly named, but could not use those that had been poorly identified. This case, therefore, has enabled a @entity227 to be isolated independently from a discrimination problem, and visuoverbal or visuogestural disconnections. It is the significance of ths stimulus that is disturbed. In contrast, functional or categorical classification is respected in right temporo-occipital lesions. It is the individuality of a stimulus within a physical category which is disturbed.

title: [Associative XXXX : role of the left hemisphere in visual perception (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual identification disorder', 'visual agnosia', 'Visual agnosia']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['elementary perceptive disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['Elementary difficulties']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disorders']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual agnosia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antibiotic resistance in @entity328 is an emerging health problem worldwide. The incidence of antimicrobial-resistant @entity2260 is increasing, and nasal colonization of @entity2260 in @entity1 increases the risk of @entity7706 . In this study, the prevalence of @entity2260 nasal colonization was studied in Thai @entity1 from three different districts. @entity2260 nasal colonization was found in 38 of 237 subjects (16.0%). The carriage rate indicated higher rates in two rural districts (18.2% and 29.8%) than in the urban district (2.8%). The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined using the disk diffusion method. Prevalence of multi-drug resistance @entity2260 (MDR-SP) was 31.6%. Resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics was found for @entity869 (5.3%), @entity4580 (26.3%), @entity6944 (2.6%), @entity2755 (18.4%), @entity3402 (18.4%), @entity2929 (21.1%), @entity6101 (44.7%), @entity206 / @entity207 (78.9%) and @entity803 (15.8%). All isolates were sensitive to @entity2756 . The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern was used to compare genetic diversity of the @entity2260 isolates. PFGE demonstrated the variation in genotypes of @entity2260 from different areas. High prevalence of multi-drug resistance @entity2260 nasal colonization in healthy Thai @entity1 was indicated. Effective strategies for appropriate use of antibiotics are therefore needed in the community.

title: High prevalence of multi-drug resistant XXXX among healthy @entity1 in Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['cefepime']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antibiotic resistance in @entity328 is an emerging health problem worldwide. The incidence of antimicrobial-resistant @entity2260 is increasing, and nasal colonization of @entity2260 in @entity1 increases the risk of @entity7706 . In this study, the prevalence of @entity2260 nasal colonization was studied in Thai @entity1 from three different districts. @entity2260 nasal colonization was found in 38 of 237 subjects (16.0%). The carriage rate indicated higher rates in two rural districts (18.2% and 29.8%) than in the urban district (2.8%). The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined using the disk diffusion method. Prevalence of multi-drug resistance @entity2260 (MDR-SP) was 31.6%. Resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics was found for @entity869 (5.3%), @entity4580 (26.3%), @entity6944 (2.6%), @entity2755 (18.4%), @entity3402 (18.4%), @entity2929 (21.1%), @entity6101 (44.7%), @entity206 / @entity207 (78.9%) and @entity803 (15.8%). All isolates were sensitive to @entity2756 . The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern was used to compare genetic diversity of the @entity2260 isolates. PFGE demonstrated the variation in genotypes of @entity2260 from different areas. High prevalence of multi-drug resistance @entity2260 nasal colonization in healthy Thai @entity1 was indicated. Effective strategies for appropriate use of antibiotics are therefore needed in the community.

title: High prevalence of multi-drug resistant @entity328 among healthy XXXX in Thailand.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The current study is essentially carried out to reveal the histological and ultra-structural details of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors cell layers of a @entity34369 ( @entity34369 ). The recorded results revealed that the neural retina of @entity34369 consisted of seven distinct cell layers. The inner nuclear layer was markedly revealed as the thickest one among these layers. A highly melanized RPE was recorded in between the @entity2788 . Histologically, the RPE was represented by a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells with centrally located nucleus. Ultrastructurally, the RPE cells showed numerous melanosomes, mitochondria, phagosomes, myeloid bodies, smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), but very rare @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). The photoreceptor cell layer was represented by three categories of photoreceptor cells: few single rods, numerous single and double cones. Each double cone consisted of a short accessory cone and a long principle cone. The photoreceptor outer segment consisted of bi-membranous discs that are enclosed by outer membrane. Moreover, the inner segment of rods consisted of an ellipsoid and an inner hyperboloid. The hyperboloid was rich with @entity1893 , polysomes, Golgi apparatus and autophagic vacuoles. Furthermore, the inner segment of single cone and accessory cone consisted of an ellipsoid, paraboloid and myoid regions, while, the inner segment of principle cone lacked the paraboloid regions. At the proximal end of each inner segment for all types of cones, there was a large heterogeneous oil droplet. The paraboloid region was markedly rich with glycogen granules. The myoid region exhibited the same organelles but with little glycogen granules when compared with hyperboloid.

title: Light and electron microscopic studies on the pigmented epithelium and photoreceptors of the retina of XXXX ( @entity34369 ).

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'RER']

entities_list: @entity34369 :: ('30397', 'Species') :: ['Buteo buteo', 'common buzzard']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['choroid and neural retina']

answer: @entity34369 :: (30397,Species) :: ['common buzzard']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The current study is essentially carried out to reveal the histological and ultra-structural details of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors cell layers of a @entity34369 ( @entity34369 ). The recorded results revealed that the neural retina of @entity34369 consisted of seven distinct cell layers. The inner nuclear layer was markedly revealed as the thickest one among these layers. A highly melanized RPE was recorded in between the @entity2788 . Histologically, the RPE was represented by a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells with centrally located nucleus. Ultrastructurally, the RPE cells showed numerous melanosomes, mitochondria, phagosomes, myeloid bodies, smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), but very rare @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). The photoreceptor cell layer was represented by three categories of photoreceptor cells: few single rods, numerous single and double cones. Each double cone consisted of a short accessory cone and a long principle cone. The photoreceptor outer segment consisted of bi-membranous discs that are enclosed by outer membrane. Moreover, the inner segment of rods consisted of an ellipsoid and an inner hyperboloid. The hyperboloid was rich with @entity1893 , polysomes, Golgi apparatus and autophagic vacuoles. Furthermore, the inner segment of single cone and accessory cone consisted of an ellipsoid, paraboloid and myoid regions, while, the inner segment of principle cone lacked the paraboloid regions. At the proximal end of each inner segment for all types of cones, there was a large heterogeneous oil droplet. The paraboloid region was markedly rich with glycogen granules. The myoid region exhibited the same organelles but with little glycogen granules when compared with hyperboloid.

title: Light and electron microscopic studies on the pigmented epithelium and photoreceptors of the retina of @entity34369 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity34369 :: (30397,Species) :: ['Buteo buteo']


abstract: AIMS: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is the most common cause of @entity385 . Recent data suggest that @entity955 @entity1 after successful ablation have the same risk for @entity1031 events (TE) as @entity1 without @entity955 . Despite current guideline recommendations it is still under debate if oral anticoagulation (OAC) can be safely discontinued after ablation. We analyzed follow-up (FU) after ablation of paroxysmal @entity955 (PAF) in a high- ( @entity64 ; group 1) and a low-risk group (no @entity64 ; group 2) based on data from the German Ablation Registry to reveal real-life prescription behavior. METHODS: Overall 29 centers in Germany participated by performing @entity955 . Between April 2008 and April 2011, 83 @entity1 in group 1 and 377 @entity1 in group 2 with a first ablation of PAF were included in the registry. RESULTS: Mean CHA2DS2-VASc-Score was 4.2      1.4 (group 1) vs. 1.6      1.2 (group 2) (p  <  0.0001). No peri-interventional TE was observed. @entity943 recurrence was seen in 47.4 vs. 48.4  % (p  =  0.79) during a median FU of 489 (453-782) days, resulting in a repeat procedure in 20.0 vs. 20.7  % (p  =  0.88), respectively. OAC was discontinued in 38.6  % in group 1 vs. 66.3  % in group 2 (p  <  0.0001) during FU. TE during FU occurred more often in group 1 than in group 2 (4.3 vs. 0.3  %, p  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: Even in @entity1 with @entity64 , OAC was frequently discontinued during FU after @entity5567 ablation in this observational study. However, TE occurred significantly more frequent in these high-risk @entity1 . These data argue against OAC discontinuation after ablation in @entity1 with @entity64 .

title: Oral anticoagulation is frequently discontinued after ablation of paroxysmal @entity955 despite XXXX : data from the German Ablation Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['previous stroke']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'AF-ablation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['previous stroke']


abstract: AIMS: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is the most common cause of @entity385 . Recent data suggest that @entity955 @entity1 after successful ablation have the same risk for @entity1031 events (TE) as @entity1 without @entity955 . Despite current guideline recommendations it is still under debate if oral anticoagulation (OAC) can be safely discontinued after ablation. We analyzed follow-up (FU) after ablation of paroxysmal @entity955 (PAF) in a high- ( @entity64 ; group 1) and a low-risk group (no @entity64 ; group 2) based on data from the German Ablation Registry to reveal real-life prescription behavior. METHODS: Overall 29 centers in Germany participated by performing @entity955 . Between April 2008 and April 2011, 83 @entity1 in group 1 and 377 @entity1 in group 2 with a first ablation of PAF were included in the registry. RESULTS: Mean CHA2DS2-VASc-Score was 4.2      1.4 (group 1) vs. 1.6      1.2 (group 2) (p  <  0.0001). No peri-interventional TE was observed. @entity943 recurrence was seen in 47.4 vs. 48.4  % (p  =  0.79) during a median FU of 489 (453-782) days, resulting in a repeat procedure in 20.0 vs. 20.7  % (p  =  0.88), respectively. OAC was discontinued in 38.6  % in group 1 vs. 66.3  % in group 2 (p  <  0.0001) during FU. TE during FU occurred more often in group 1 than in group 2 (4.3 vs. 0.3  %, p  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: Even in @entity1 with @entity64 , OAC was frequently discontinued during FU after @entity5567 ablation in this observational study. However, TE occurred significantly more frequent in these high-risk @entity1 . These data argue against OAC discontinuation after ablation in @entity1 with @entity64 .

title: Oral anticoagulation is frequently discontinued after ablation of paroxysmal XXXX despite @entity64 : data from the German Ablation Registry.

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Organs from @entity3489 (elevated Na(+)) donors when used for transplantation had dismal outcome. However, islet isolation from hypernatremic donors for both transplantation and research applications has not been investigated yet. A retrospective analysis of in vivo and in vitro islet function studies was performed on islets isolated from hypernatremic (serum @entity1372 levels >=  160 mEq/L) and normal control (serum @entity1372 levels  <= 155 mEq/L) donors. Twelve isolations from 32 hypernatremic and 53 isolations from 222 normal donors were randomly transplanted into diabetic NOD Scid @entity19 . @entity1372 levels upon pancreas procurement were significantly elevated in the @entity3489 group (163.5    0.6 mEq/L) as compared to normal control group (145.9    0.4 mEq/L) (P<0.001). The post-culture islet recovery rate was significantly lower in the @entity3489 (59.1    3.8%) compared to the normal (73.6    1.8%) group (P=0.005). The duration of @entity3489 was inversely correlated with the recovery rate (R2=0.370, P<0.001). Furthermore, the percentage of successful graft function when transplanted into diabetic NOD Scid @entity19 was significantly lower in the @entity3489 (42%) in comparison to the normal control (85%) group (P<0.001). The ability to predict islet graft function post transplantation using donor @entity1372 levels, islet recovery rate, and duration of @entity3489 was significant (P=0.022, 0.036, and 0.042, respectively). In conclusion, duration of donor @entity3489 is associated with reduced islet recovery post culture. The efficacy of islets from @entity3489 donors diminished when transplanted into diabetic NOD Scid @entity19 .

title: XXXX Level of Human Pancreatic Donors is a Critical Factor for Determination of Islet Efficacy and Survival.

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity3489 :: ('MESH:D006955', 'Disease') :: ['hypernatremia']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['Sodium']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate exposure-response relationships between occupational mechanical exposures and risk of reoperation after @entity169 . METHODS: Using register information, we identified all @entity1 born in Denmark 1938-1988, who had their first @entity169 1998-2008, and who were 18-65  years old and active in the labour market at the time of surgery. The Danish @entity547 Database provided information on repairs and reoperations. We used registered occupational codes and a job exposure matrix based on experts' ratings to estimate total load lifted per day, frequency of heavy lifting, and number of hours per day spent standing/walking. We also obtained register information on sickness absence. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used. RESULTS: The cohort comprised 34,822 @entity1 . We did not reveal exposure-response relationships between occupational mechanical exposures and the hazard ratio (HR) of reoperation. The percentage of @entity1 with >2  weeks of sickness absence within 8  weeks after surgery increased with total load lifted per day from 15 to 53  %. Longer sickness absence was associated with an increased HR of reoperation, but within strata of sickness absence, we found no increase in the HR of reoperation with increasing exposures. CONCLUSION: We did not find indications that the HR of reoperation was related to occupational mechanical exposures, even after accounting for a potential protective effect of sickness absence. Hence, the exposure-related prolonged duration of sickness absence could not be explained by exposure-related complications that led to reoperation.

title: Occupational mechanical exposures and reoperation after first-time XXXX : a prognosis study in a male cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']