abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9198 ( @entity9198 ) is a natural inhibitor of tissue @entity730 . In a previous study, we observed the positive association between abnormal concentrations of uncarboxylated @entity9198 species and increased mortality risk in stable vascular @entity1 . We explore whether co-incidence of abnormal status of uncarboxylated @entity2018 and @entity712 ( @entity712 ) affects the mortality risk. METHODS: We examined 799 @entity1 (mean age 65.1years) with stable @entity455 and followed them in a prospective study. Both, desphospho-uncarboxylated and total uncarboxylated @entity9198 (dp-ucMGP or t-ucMGP) were quantified by pre-commercial ELISA assays. RESULTS: Elevated (>100ng/L) circulating @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) and abnormal status of plasma uncarboxylated @entity9198 species (i.e.: dp-ucMGP >= 977pmol/L or t-ucMGP <=2825nmol/L) were all identified as robust predictors of all-cause 5-year mortality. However, their co-incidence represented a substantial additional risk. We observed the highest mortality risk in @entity1 with elevated @entity3876 plus high dp-ucMGP compared to those with normal @entity3876 plus low dp-ucMGP; fully adjusted HRR's were 4.86 (3.15-7.49). Likewise, the risk was increased when compared with @entity1 with elevated @entity3876 plus low dp-ucMGP; HRR 2.57 (1.60-4.10). Similar result we observed when co-incidence of elevated @entity3876 and low t-ucMGP was analyzed [corresponding HRR's were 4.16 (2.62-6.61) and 1.96 (1.24-3.12)]. CONCLUSIONS: The concomitant abnormality of uncarboxylated @entity9198 and mild elevation of @entity3876 leads in chronic @entity1 with @entity455 to about two-fold increase of the relative mortality risk. We hypothesize that abnormal homeostasis of @entity9198 is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity712 .

title: The abnormal status of uncarboxylated @entity9198 species represents an additional mortality risk in XXXX @entity1 with @entity455 .

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9198 ( @entity9198 ) is a natural inhibitor of tissue @entity730 . In a previous study, we observed the positive association between abnormal concentrations of uncarboxylated @entity9198 species and increased mortality risk in stable vascular @entity1 . We explore whether co-incidence of abnormal status of uncarboxylated @entity2018 and @entity712 ( @entity712 ) affects the mortality risk. METHODS: We examined 799 @entity1 (mean age 65.1years) with stable @entity455 and followed them in a prospective study. Both, desphospho-uncarboxylated and total uncarboxylated @entity9198 (dp-ucMGP or t-ucMGP) were quantified by pre-commercial ELISA assays. RESULTS: Elevated (>100ng/L) circulating @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) and abnormal status of plasma uncarboxylated @entity9198 species (i.e.: dp-ucMGP >= 977pmol/L or t-ucMGP <=2825nmol/L) were all identified as robust predictors of all-cause 5-year mortality. However, their co-incidence represented a substantial additional risk. We observed the highest mortality risk in @entity1 with elevated @entity3876 plus high dp-ucMGP compared to those with normal @entity3876 plus low dp-ucMGP; fully adjusted HRR's were 4.86 (3.15-7.49). Likewise, the risk was increased when compared with @entity1 with elevated @entity3876 plus low dp-ucMGP; HRR 2.57 (1.60-4.10). Similar result we observed when co-incidence of elevated @entity3876 and low t-ucMGP was analyzed [corresponding HRR's were 4.16 (2.62-6.61) and 1.96 (1.24-3.12)]. CONCLUSIONS: The concomitant abnormality of uncarboxylated @entity9198 and mild elevation of @entity3876 leads in chronic @entity1 with @entity455 to about two-fold increase of the relative mortality risk. We hypothesize that abnormal homeostasis of @entity9198 is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity712 .

title: The abnormal status of uncarboxylated @entity9198 species represents an additional mortality risk in @entity712 XXXX with @entity455 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity9198 :: ('4256', 'Gene') :: ['MGP', 'Matrix Gla protein']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of @entity170 , the prevalence of utilization of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements for diagnosis of @entity170 , and prevalence of use of @entity460 and @entity560 supplements and other antiresorptive therapies for treatment of @entity170 in postmenopausal @entity1 in an academic nursing home. METHODS: The charts of all @entity1 aged 56 years and older residing in an academic nursing home were analyzed by one of the authors for the prevalence of @entity170 , the prevalence of use of @entity79 measurements to diagnose @entity170 , and the prevalence of use of @entity460 and @entity560 supplements and other antiresorptive therapies for treatment of @entity170 . RESULTS: Of 136 postmenopausal @entity1 , mean age 79 +/- 10 years, 66 (49%) had measurements of @entity79 . Of these 66 @entity1 , 31 (47%) had @entity170 , 21 (32%) had @entity2331 , and 14 (21%) had normal @entity79 . Elemental @entity4959 1500 mg daily was prescribed to 17 of 31 @entity1 (55%) with @entity170 , to 12 of 21 @entity1 (57%) with @entity2331 , to 2 of 14 @entity1 (14%) with normal @entity79 , and to 27 of 70 @entity1 (39%) with no @entity79 obtained. Any dose of @entity460 was prescribed to 78 of 136 elderly @entity1 (58%). @entity560 supplements were prescribed to 13 of 31 @entity1 (42%) with @entity170 , to 9 of 21 @entity1 (43%) with @entity2331 , to 2 of 14 @entity1 (14%) with normal @entity79 , and to 20 of 70 @entity1 (29%) with no @entity79 obtained. @entity560 supplements were prescribed to 44 of 136 elderly @entity1 (32%). Biphosphonates were prescribed to 19 of 31 @entity1 (61%) with @entity170 . Of 20 @entity1 on medications that increased the risk of @entity170 , 6 (30%) had @entity79 measured. Nine of these 20 @entity1 (45%) were on @entity460 supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Older postmenopausal @entity1 in an academic nursing home have a high prevalence of @entity170 and @entity2331 , a low prevalence of measurement of @entity79 , and underuse of @entity460 , @entity560 supplements, and other antiresorptive therapies for treatment of @entity170 .

title: Underuse of procedures for diagnosing @entity170 and of therapies for XXXX in older nursing home residents.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of @entity170 , the prevalence of utilization of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements for diagnosis of @entity170 , and prevalence of use of @entity460 and @entity560 supplements and other antiresorptive therapies for treatment of @entity170 in postmenopausal @entity1 in an academic nursing home. METHODS: The charts of all @entity1 aged 56 years and older residing in an academic nursing home were analyzed by one of the authors for the prevalence of @entity170 , the prevalence of use of @entity79 measurements to diagnose @entity170 , and the prevalence of use of @entity460 and @entity560 supplements and other antiresorptive therapies for treatment of @entity170 . RESULTS: Of 136 postmenopausal @entity1 , mean age 79 +/- 10 years, 66 (49%) had measurements of @entity79 . Of these 66 @entity1 , 31 (47%) had @entity170 , 21 (32%) had @entity2331 , and 14 (21%) had normal @entity79 . Elemental @entity4959 1500 mg daily was prescribed to 17 of 31 @entity1 (55%) with @entity170 , to 12 of 21 @entity1 (57%) with @entity2331 , to 2 of 14 @entity1 (14%) with normal @entity79 , and to 27 of 70 @entity1 (39%) with no @entity79 obtained. Any dose of @entity460 was prescribed to 78 of 136 elderly @entity1 (58%). @entity560 supplements were prescribed to 13 of 31 @entity1 (42%) with @entity170 , to 9 of 21 @entity1 (43%) with @entity2331 , to 2 of 14 @entity1 (14%) with normal @entity79 , and to 20 of 70 @entity1 (29%) with no @entity79 obtained. @entity560 supplements were prescribed to 44 of 136 elderly @entity1 (32%). Biphosphonates were prescribed to 19 of 31 @entity1 (61%) with @entity170 . Of 20 @entity1 on medications that increased the risk of @entity170 , 6 (30%) had @entity79 measured. Nine of these 20 @entity1 (45%) were on @entity460 supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Older postmenopausal @entity1 in an academic nursing home have a high prevalence of @entity170 and @entity2331 , a low prevalence of measurement of @entity79 , and underuse of @entity460 , @entity560 supplements, and other antiresorptive therapies for treatment of @entity170 .

title: Underuse of procedures for diagnosing XXXX and of therapies for @entity170 in older nursing home residents.

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the @entity7971 of chemoimmunotherapy, the optimal treatment paradigm for relapsed and refractory diffuse large @entity1892 has been challenged. We reviewed the outcome of standard salvage therapy with an autologous stem cell transplant (autoSCT) over the last two decades and the outcome of @entity12497 ( @entity12497 ) in the most recent decade. AutoSCT recipients diagnosed between 1992 and 2002 (n=2737) were compared with those diagnosed between 2002 and 2010 (n=3980). @entity1 diagnosed after 2002 had a significantly lower non-relapse mortality (NRM) and relapse incidence (RI) and a superior PFS and overall survival (OS). A total of 4210 @entity1 diagnosed between 2002 and 2010 underwent either an autoSCT or an @entity12497 as their first transplant procedure. Two-hundred and thirty @entity1 received an @entity12497 (myeloablative (MACalloSCT) n=132, reduced intensity (RICalloSCT) n=98). The 4-year NRM rates were 7%, 20% and 27% for autoSCT, RICalloSCT and MACalloSCT, respectively. The 4-year RI was 45%, 40% and 38% for autoSCT, RICalloSCT and MACalloSCT, respectively (NS). The 4-year PFS were 48%, 52% and 35% for autoSCT, RICalloSCT and MACalloSCT, respectively. The 4-year OS was 60%, 52% and 38% for autoSCT, RIC @entity12497 and MACalloSCT, respectively. After adjustment for confounding factors NRM was significantly worse for @entity1 undergoing @entity12497 whilst there was no difference in the RI.Bone Marrow Transplantation advance online publication, 30 November 2015; doi:10.1038/bmt.2015.286.

title: Autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed/refractory diffuse large XXXX : efficacy in the rituximab @entity7971 and comparison to first allogeneic transplants. A report from the EBMT Lymphoma Working Party.

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity12497 :: ('MESH:C535780', 'Disease') :: ['allogeneic SCT', 'alloSCT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the @entity7971 of chemoimmunotherapy, the optimal treatment paradigm for relapsed and refractory diffuse large @entity1892 has been challenged. We reviewed the outcome of standard salvage therapy with an autologous stem cell transplant (autoSCT) over the last two decades and the outcome of @entity12497 ( @entity12497 ) in the most recent decade. AutoSCT recipients diagnosed between 1992 and 2002 (n=2737) were compared with those diagnosed between 2002 and 2010 (n=3980). @entity1 diagnosed after 2002 had a significantly lower non-relapse mortality (NRM) and relapse incidence (RI) and a superior PFS and overall survival (OS). A total of 4210 @entity1 diagnosed between 2002 and 2010 underwent either an autoSCT or an @entity12497 as their first transplant procedure. Two-hundred and thirty @entity1 received an @entity12497 (myeloablative (MACalloSCT) n=132, reduced intensity (RICalloSCT) n=98). The 4-year NRM rates were 7%, 20% and 27% for autoSCT, RICalloSCT and MACalloSCT, respectively. The 4-year RI was 45%, 40% and 38% for autoSCT, RICalloSCT and MACalloSCT, respectively (NS). The 4-year PFS were 48%, 52% and 35% for autoSCT, RICalloSCT and MACalloSCT, respectively. The 4-year OS was 60%, 52% and 38% for autoSCT, RIC @entity12497 and MACalloSCT, respectively. After adjustment for confounding factors NRM was significantly worse for @entity1 undergoing @entity12497 whilst there was no difference in the RI.Bone Marrow Transplantation advance online publication, 30 November 2015; doi:10.1038/bmt.2015.286.

title: Autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed/refractory diffuse large @entity1892 : efficacy in the rituximab XXXX and comparison to first allogeneic transplants. A report from the EBMT Lymphoma Working Party.

answer: @entity7971 :: (26284,Gene) :: ['era']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present our experience with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in @entity1 with @entity8 and to determine the factors that may influence the stone-free rate in such @entity1 . METHODS: From February 1989 to February 2000, 198 @entity1 were treated for @entity8 using ESWL. The mean @entity1 age (SD) was 40.48 (11.53) years. The kidneys were horseshoe in 49 (24.7%), malrotated in 120 (60.6%), and duplex in 29 (14.7%). All @entity1 were treated on an outpatient basis using two second-generation lithotripters (Dornier MFL 5000 and Toshiba Echolith). Pretreatment auxiliary measures were required in 6 @entity1 (3%). Follow-up data were recorded at 3 months. The statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, with differences considered statistically significant if P <0.05. RESULTS: The mean stone length (SD) was 13.54 (5.49) mm. The stones were single in 148 (74.7%), of new onset in 155 (78.3%), and on the right side in 82 (41.4%). All stones, but 5 (2.5%), were radiopaque. The overall stone-free rate was 72.2%. Neither the type of @entity8 nor the type of lithotripter had any impact on the stone-free rate (P >0.05). Stone burden (length and number) had a significant influence on the stone-free rate (P <0.05). No extraordinary complications were recorded. Steinstrasse developed in 7 @entity1 (3.5%). No deterioration of renal function or configuration was detected. CONCLUSIONS: ESWL is safe and reliable for treatment of @entity8 . It should be the primary therapy when the stones are less than 20 mm. The ESWL outcome is comparable for normal and @entity8 when the calculus size is considered.

title: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in XXXX : 11-year experience with two second-generation lithotripters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis in anomalous kidneys', 'anomalous kidneys', 'renal anomaly']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['anomalous kidneys']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of immediate surgical exploration in salvaging perinatal testicular torsion. METHODS: A retrospective analysis from 1995 to 2000 of @entity1 younger than 30 days of age with surgically documented extravaginal testicular torsion was conducted. All cases were diagnosed after a normal testicular examination by a neonatologist, and all @entity1 underwent urgent exploration to confirm the exact diagnosis and attempt testicular salvage by detorsion with bilateral orchiopexy. If a nonviable @entity1062 was determined intraoperatively, it was removed and contralateral orchiopexy was performed. Success was determined by physical examination at 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 with 10 affected testes were identified and a total of 4 (40%) were salvaged. All the studied testes were right-sided, and of the 4 salvaged testes, all were palpably normal and equal in size to their mate at the 6-month follow-up examination. Of the 6 removed testes, 1 was potentially viable by permanent pathologic section analysis despite preoperative ultrasonography demonstrating no flow and a negative intraoperative bleed test. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 younger than 30 days old presenting with clinical findings suggestive of extravaginal testicular torsion who are expeditiously explored surgically may have a salvageable event in at least 40% to 50%. These statistics are similar to the salvage rates found with the similar management approach of intravaginal torsion.

title: Perinatal extravaginal torsion of the XXXX in the first month of life is a salvageable event.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Boys', 'boys', 'patients']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To use a geographic information system (GIS) and spatial statistics to describe the geographic variation of @entity130 in @entity1 0-14 years of age in a major metropolitan area. METHODS: The authors reviewed @entity1 records for @entity130 treated during 1995 at the two @entity1 's hospitals in St. Louis. @entity1 addresses were matched to block groups using a GIS, and block group @entity130 rates were calculated. Mapping software and Bayesian analysis were used to create maps of @entity130 rates and risks in the city of St. Louis. RESULTS: Three hundred eleven @entity1 from the city of St. Louis were treated for @entity130 in 1995. The authors identified an area of high incidence for @entity130 in North St. Louis. The filtered rate contour was 6 per 1,000 @entity1 at risk, with block group rates within the area of 0 to 58.8 per 1,000 @entity1 at risk. Hierarchical Bayesian analysis of North St. Louis burn data revealed a relative risk range of 0.8771 to 1.182 for census tracts within North St. Louis, suggesting that there may be pockets of high risk within an already identified high-risk area. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the utility of geographic mapping in providing information about injury patterns within a defined area. The combination of mapping injury rates and spatial statistical analysis provides a detailed level of injury surveillance, allowing for identification of small geographic areas with elevated rates of specific injuries.

title: Geographic variation of pediatric XXXX in a metropolitan area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injuries']


abstract: Multiple failures of antiretroviral treatments, as a result of multidrug-resistant virus, have led to a proposal for structured therapeutic interruptions (STI). However, a significant decrease in @entity404 + T cells may occur. The aim of our study was to determine the kinetics of T cell subpopulation changes, T cell apoptosis and peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation after STI. The impact of resistance mutation disappearance on T cell apoptosis was also studied. Ten @entity1 were enrolled prospectively, and blood sampling was performed at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12. The mean increase in viral load was 1.3 log(10) copies/ml, ranging from 0.1 to 3.2. @entity404 + T cell count decreased to a mean of 80 cells/mm(3) from baseline to week 12. In the same period, @entity405 + T cells decreased to a mean of 139 cells/mm(3). A significant increase in both T cell apoptosis and proliferation of mononuclear cells was observed. However, proliferation was an early and brief event. The increase in @entity404 + T cell apoptosis was obvious in @entity1 exhibiting complete reversion of resistance mutations to antiviral drugs. Our results suggest that during STI, apoptosis is an overwhelming phenomenon compared with proliferation, and may explain the limited immunological impact of this therapeutic option.

title: Apoptosis and proliferation kinetics of T cells in XXXX having experienced antiretroviral treatment interruptions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Female survivors of @entity978 ( @entity978 ) have a strongly elevated risk of @entity0 , but factors responsible for the increased risk are not well known. METHODS: We investigated the effects of radiation dose, chemotherapy (CT), and reproductive factors on @entity0 risk in a nested case-control study in The Netherlands in a cohort of 770 female @entity1 who had been diagnosed with @entity978 before age 41. Detailed treatment information and data on reproductive factors were collected for 48 case @entity1 who developed @entity0 5 or more years after diagnosis of @entity978 and 175 matched control subjects. The radiation dose was estimated to the area of the breast where the case @entity1 's @entity5 had developed and to a comparable location in matched control subjects. Relative risks (RRs) of @entity0 were calculated by conditional logistic regression. Statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: The risk of @entity0 increased statistically significantly with radiation dose (P(trend) =.01); @entity1 who received 38.5 Gy or more had an RR of 4.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3 to 16) times that of @entity1 who received less than 4 Gy. @entity1 who received both CT and radiotherapy (RT) had a statistically significantly lower risk than those treated with RT alone (RR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.91). @entity0 risk increased with increasing radiation dose among @entity1 who received RT only (RR = 12.7, 95% CI = 1.8 to 86, for @entity1 receiving > or =38.5 Gy) but not among @entity1 treated with CT and RT. Sixty-nine percent of control subjects treated with RT and more than six cycles of CT, but only 9% of those who received RT alone, reached menopause before age 41. Reaching menopause before age 36 was associated with a strongly reduced risk of @entity0 (RR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.45). CONCLUSION: @entity0 risk increases with increasing radiation dose up to at least 40 Gy. The substantial risk reduction associated with CT may reflect its effect on menopausal age, suggesting that ovarian hormones promote @entity105 after radiation has produced an initiating event.

title: Roles of radiation dose, chemotherapy, and hormonal factors in @entity0 following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenesis']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Female survivors of @entity978 ( @entity978 ) have a strongly elevated risk of @entity0 , but factors responsible for the increased risk are not well known. METHODS: We investigated the effects of radiation dose, chemotherapy (CT), and reproductive factors on @entity0 risk in a nested case-control study in The Netherlands in a cohort of 770 female @entity1 who had been diagnosed with @entity978 before age 41. Detailed treatment information and data on reproductive factors were collected for 48 case @entity1 who developed @entity0 5 or more years after diagnosis of @entity978 and 175 matched control subjects. The radiation dose was estimated to the area of the breast where the case @entity1 's @entity5 had developed and to a comparable location in matched control subjects. Relative risks (RRs) of @entity0 were calculated by conditional logistic regression. Statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: The risk of @entity0 increased statistically significantly with radiation dose (P(trend) =.01); @entity1 who received 38.5 Gy or more had an RR of 4.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3 to 16) times that of @entity1 who received less than 4 Gy. @entity1 who received both CT and radiotherapy (RT) had a statistically significantly lower risk than those treated with RT alone (RR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.91). @entity0 risk increased with increasing radiation dose among @entity1 who received RT only (RR = 12.7, 95% CI = 1.8 to 86, for @entity1 receiving > or =38.5 Gy) but not among @entity1 treated with CT and RT. Sixty-nine percent of control subjects treated with RT and more than six cycles of CT, but only 9% of those who received RT alone, reached menopause before age 41. Reaching menopause before age 36 was associated with a strongly reduced risk of @entity0 (RR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.45). CONCLUSION: @entity0 risk increases with increasing radiation dose up to at least 40 Gy. The substantial risk reduction associated with CT may reflect its effect on menopausal age, suggesting that ovarian hormones promote @entity105 after radiation has produced an initiating event.

title: Roles of radiation dose, chemotherapy, and hormonal factors in XXXX following @entity978 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The cases of 208 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity3271 were studied. The incidence represents 4.2% of all primary @entity1313 diagnosed in the Norwegian population over a 25-year period. All of these @entity5 were cerebral and the majority affected the frontal lobe. The @entity1 ' median age at diagnosis was 47 years, with a range from 3 to 76 years; 6% of the @entity3271 occurred in @entity1 . The median duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 20.5 months (mean 43 months). Plain skull x-ray films showed calcified deposits in 28% of the @entity5 . At operation, most of the @entity5 were poorly defined, without cyst formation, @entity1410 @entity39 , or @entity730 . The median duration of disease from onset of symptoms until @entity204 was 14 months in nine untreated cases. In surgically treated @entity3271 @entity1 the median survival time from onset of symptoms was 74 months. The median postoperative survival time was 35 months (mean 52 months). @entity5 @entity730 , as seen on plain skull x-ray films, was associated with a significantly longer survival period. The surgical findings of gross @entity39 , gross hypervascularity, and soft @entity5 consistency were all related to a @entity66 . Grossly well demarcated lesions were associated with a significantly longer postoperative survival. The length of postoperative survival correlated with the preoperative clinical status. The cumulative proportion of @entity1 surviving 5 years was 0.342. The @entity1 's age and sex did not have a statistically significant influence on survival time. The extent of surgical excision only seemed to play a role when the neurosurgeon considered that he had removed the whole lesion: these @entity1 had a median postoperative survival period 14 months longer than the other @entity3271 @entity1 . The @entity6910 blood group of the @entity3271 @entity1 was of prognostic value. In particular, @entity1 with blood group A had a distinctly poorer prognosis than @entity1 with O or B blood. The survival data from this unselected series indicate that @entity1779 have a less favorable prognosis than has generally been believed.

title: XXXX : incidence and biological behavior in a defined population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter total duration of disease']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral oligodendrogliomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['Oligodendroglioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Patterns of pubertal maturation may have an impact on several risk factors associated with adult morbidity and mortality, such as @entity28 . We examined the relationship of the initial manifestation of puberty in @entity1 with anthropometric measures, as well as age at menarche. METHODS: White females (n = 1166, ages 9 and 10 at intake) were followed with annual visits for 10 years. Physical examinations included height, weight, skinfold thicknesses, and pubertal maturation assessment. RESULTS: During the course of the study, 443 of 859 eligible females (51.6%) were observed to have asynchronous maturation in the development of puberty, that is, initial areolar/breast (thelarche pathway) or pubic hair (adrenarche pathway) development, without development of the other characteristic. Using a longitudinal regression model, significant interactions were noted between initial pubertal manifestation and years since onset of puberty on the following outcomes: sum of skinfolds thickness, percent body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index (BMI). However, age of onset of pubertal maturation was the same in the 2 groups (10.7 years). Females in the thelarche pathway had earlier menarche (12.6 vs 13.1 years) as well as greater skinfolds, body fat, and BMI at the time of menarche. Females in the thelarche pathway also had greater body fat and @entity3752 year before puberty and throughout puberty compared with those in the adrenarche pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Females who enter puberty through the thelarche pathway, as compared with the adrenarche pathway, had greater sum of skinfold thicknesses, BMI, and percent body fat 1 year before the onset, as well as throughout, puberty. Because larger body composition and earlier age of menarche of females in the thelarche pathway parallel the epidemiologic profiles of @entity1 who are @entity28 or at risk for @entity28 , these females may be at greater risk for @entity28 .

title: Pubertal maturation in XXXX and the relationship to anthropometric changes: pathways through puberty.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['adult obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic management of @entity5 is controversial with respect to optimal types of stents and extent of drainage. This study evaluated outcomes of selective MRCP and CT-targeted drainage with self-expanding metallic stents. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 undergoing attempted palliative ERCP for @entity5 were prospectively followed. Whenever possible, management strategy included evaluation and staging for potential resectability before ERCP, with primary placement of metallic stents at the first ERCP in nonsurgical candidates, and early conversion to a metallic stent when a @entity5 proved to be unresectable. MRCP and/or CT were used to plan selective guidewire access, opacification, and drainage only of the largest intercommunicating segmental ducts. Unilateral stent placement was intended in all cases except for selected @entity1 with @entity201 . RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 were included. Bismuth classification was I, 10; II, 6; III, 8; and IV, 11. Tumor origin was bile duct (17), gallbladder (5), and metastatic (13). Metallic stents were placed in 27 @entity1 as the initial stent, and in 8 after plastic stent placement. Initial stents were placed endoscopically in 33 @entity1 and percutaneously in 2 @entity1 in whom @entity5 precluded ERCP. Stent placement was unilateral in 31 @entity1 and bilateral in 4 @entity1 . There were no episodes of @entity255 or other complications within 30 days after any procedures. Initial metallic stents were clinically effective in 27 (77%) of the 35 @entity1 . Additional percutaneous drainage in 3 @entity1 who did not respond to initial stent placement did not resolve @entity1087 . Median patency of first metallic stents was 8.9 months for @entity1 with @entity1126 and 5.4 months for all @entity1 , and was not related to @entity1535 classification. No further intervention was needed in 25 (71%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral metallic stent placement by using MRCP and/or CT to selectively target drainage provides safe and effective palliation in most @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Selective MRCP and CT-targeted drainage of XXXX with self-expanding metallic stents.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant hilar biliary obstruction', 'lumenal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['primary bile duct tumors']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['Bismuth II cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant hilar biliary obstruction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Nineteen cases of posterior interosseous artery (PIOA) flap were reviewed. The @entity1 ' mean age was 24 (range 14-53) years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine @entity1 were operated on as emergencies, and 10 @entity1 were treated electively. Mean time of delay after @entity130 was 7.8 h (range 2-20 h) in emergency cases. Nine of them were non-replantable amputations. Skin defects were between 1.9 x 2.4 cm and 5.0 x 12.0 cm. Mean hospitalization time was 2.2 (range 1-5) days. RESULTS: Mean flap sensation was evaluated as 2.83-6.65 with the Semmes-Weinstein evaluation scale (only 2 @entity1 scored less than 3.61). Five @entity1 presented with discoloration and coolness. Average subjective evaluation was 8.2/10. Mean web opening after first web reconstruction was 40 degrees. One @entity13523 ( recovered in 4 months), one @entity39 , and one flap lost (due to @entity281 ) occurred as early complications. Mean follow-up was 12.8 months (range 15 days to 30 months). CONCLUSIONS: PIOA flap applications have reduced the need for lateral arm and radial forearm flaps and also shortened hospitalization time in clinical practice.

title: Posterior interosseous artery flap in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['distal flap necrosis']

entities_list: @entity13523 :: ('MESH:D001041', 'Disease') :: ['posterior interosseous neuropraxia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic hand injuries']


abstract: Increased milking frequency (IMF) at the beginning of lactation has been shown to increase @entity6155 yield not only during IMF but also after its cessation. The objectives of this experiment evaluated the effects of increased milking frequency initiated during early lactation on mammary growth and effects on @entity6155 yield (MY). Thirty-one @entity291 were divided into treatment groups: 1) 2X: @entity291 milked twice daily (2X) beginning at parturition (d 1), 2) IMF1: @entity291 milked four times daily (4X) from d 1 to 21 postpartum (PP) and 3) IMF4: @entity291 milked 2X d 1 to 3 and 4X d 4 to 21 PP. The 4X @entity291 were milked immediately before 2X @entity291 and again approximately 3 h later, at the end of the normal milking routine. All @entity291 were milked 2X from d 21 to 305 postpartum. @entity6155 yields were 34.5, 37.8 and 37.6 kg/d during wk 1 to 44 for 2X, IMF1 and IMF4, respectively. Mammary biopsies from four @entity291 per treatment were obtained on d 7 and 14 PP to evaluate mammary cell proliferation. @entity665 incorporation tended to increase on d 7 in IMF1 @entity291 , and arithmetic means of the percentage of cells expressing Ki-67 proliferation antigen were consistent with a proliferative response to IMF though not significant. Blood was sampled three times per wk during the first 2 wk and then once per wk during wk 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10. Plasma @entity16033 ( @entity16033 ) averaged 20.1 ng/ml in IMF @entity291 vs. 24.2 in 2X but was not accompanied by a change in bST. Prolactin was also not affected by treatment. Neither @entity6155 yield nor potential effects on mammary cell proliferation were correlated with systemic @entity16033 . Implementing an IMF routine increases MY during treatment and elicits a carryover effect on the remainder of lactation. @entity6155 yield responses after an IMF routine may be the result of increased mammary cell proliferation.

title: XXXX yield and mammary growth effects due to increased milking frequency during early lactation.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['Tritiated-thymidine']

answer: @entity6155 :: (100532204,Gene) :: ['Milk']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term effect and safety of @entity7855 for the treatment of @entity323 after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: The study consisted of 91 @entity1 with @entity323 from our institution who received oral @entity7855 after RP. We surveyed these @entity1 using a self-administered questionnaire during the first year of @entity7855 use to determine treatment satisfaction, @entity1 compliance, and safety. Those who had responded positively to the drug were surveyed again 3 years later (n = 48). @entity7855 was prescribed at a dose of 50 mg and increased to 100 mg if needed. Data were collected from a self-administered questionnaire using the abridged five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire, referred to as the Sexual Health Inventory of @entity1 , and the @entity323 Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction. The @entity1 were stratified according to the type of nerve-sparing (NS) RP procedure they underwent: bilateral NS, unilateral NS, and non-NS. RESULTS: At 3 years, 31 (71%) of the 43 @entity1 who had returned the second surveys were still responding to @entity7855 . Of these 31 respondents, 10 (31%) had augmented their dose from 50 to 100 mg. The dropout rate was 27%; 6 of 12 had discontinued because of the return of natural erections, 5 because of a loss of efficacy, and 1 because his spouse had died. No differences were found in the 1-year and 3-year five-item International Index of Erectile Function (Sexual Health Inventory of @entity1 ) and @entity323 Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction scores between the NS groups. The most common side effects at 3 years were @entity10 (12%), @entity1671 (10%), and @entity227 (2%). No @entity1 discontinued the drug at 3 years because of side effects. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the vast majority of @entity1 with @entity323 after RP who initially respond to @entity7855 continue to do so at 3 years and are satisfied and compliant with the treatment regimen.

title: Long-term effect of @entity7855 on XXXX after radical prostatectomy: 3-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Erectile Dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blue or blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'sildenafil citrate', 'Sildenafil citrate']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term effect and safety of @entity7855 for the treatment of @entity323 after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: The study consisted of 91 @entity1 with @entity323 from our institution who received oral @entity7855 after RP. We surveyed these @entity1 using a self-administered questionnaire during the first year of @entity7855 use to determine treatment satisfaction, @entity1 compliance, and safety. Those who had responded positively to the drug were surveyed again 3 years later (n = 48). @entity7855 was prescribed at a dose of 50 mg and increased to 100 mg if needed. Data were collected from a self-administered questionnaire using the abridged five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire, referred to as the Sexual Health Inventory of @entity1 , and the @entity323 Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction. The @entity1 were stratified according to the type of nerve-sparing (NS) RP procedure they underwent: bilateral NS, unilateral NS, and non-NS. RESULTS: At 3 years, 31 (71%) of the 43 @entity1 who had returned the second surveys were still responding to @entity7855 . Of these 31 respondents, 10 (31%) had augmented their dose from 50 to 100 mg. The dropout rate was 27%; 6 of 12 had discontinued because of the return of natural erections, 5 because of a loss of efficacy, and 1 because his spouse had died. No differences were found in the 1-year and 3-year five-item International Index of Erectile Function (Sexual Health Inventory of @entity1 ) and @entity323 Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction scores between the NS groups. The most common side effects at 3 years were @entity10 (12%), @entity1671 (10%), and @entity227 (2%). No @entity1 discontinued the drug at 3 years because of side effects. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the vast majority of @entity1 with @entity323 after RP who initially respond to @entity7855 continue to do so at 3 years and are satisfied and compliant with the treatment regimen.

title: Long-term effect of XXXX on @entity323 after radical prostatectomy: 3-year follow-up.

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['sildenafil citrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( @entity4396 ) receptor mRNA expressing @entity263 (CaP) and @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) tissue by sequence-specific detection with hybridization probes using the LightCycler. Various in vitro studies have indicated that @entity4396 agonists and antagonists may have a direct inhibitory effect on CaP mediated by specific @entity4396 receptors. The incidence of @entity4396 receptor mRNA expression was demonstrated in 50% to 100% of clinical CaP and @entity1067 tissue by current RT-PCR methods. However, qualitative RT-PCR can only demonstrate the existence of a gene; an exact quantification of @entity4396 -receptor mRNA expression has not yet been done. METHODS: Quantitative real-time RT-PCR for @entity4396 receptor mRNA was performed using the LightCycler system and the RNA Amplification Kit hybridization probes in 35 @entity1 with CaP and 38 @entity1 with @entity1067 . RESULTS: Thirty-one (88.6%) of the 35 @entity1 with CaP and 36 (94.7%) of the 38 @entity1 with @entity1067 had positive RT-PCR for @entity4396 receptor mRNA. The number of positive amplifications per 1 microg total RNA was not significantly lower in CaP at 695,428 +/- 350,860 than in @entity1067 at 1,617,654 +/- 787,874. @entity1 with CaP evidenced a significant negative correlation between the amplification rate for @entity4396 receptor mRNA and Gleason score (r = -0.476; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: In the past, the potential mechanisms acting on @entity4396 receptors in CaP have been identified as possible antitumor strategies for this type of @entity5 . Our study is the first to show that CaP does not have a higher expression of @entity4396 receptor mRNA expression than @entity1067 when using quantitative sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization probes that only detect certain PCR products.

title: Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene mRNA expression in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( @entity4396 ) receptor mRNA expressing @entity263 (CaP) and @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) tissue by sequence-specific detection with hybridization probes using the LightCycler. Various in vitro studies have indicated that @entity4396 agonists and antagonists may have a direct inhibitory effect on CaP mediated by specific @entity4396 receptors. The incidence of @entity4396 receptor mRNA expression was demonstrated in 50% to 100% of clinical CaP and @entity1067 tissue by current RT-PCR methods. However, qualitative RT-PCR can only demonstrate the existence of a gene; an exact quantification of @entity4396 -receptor mRNA expression has not yet been done. METHODS: Quantitative real-time RT-PCR for @entity4396 receptor mRNA was performed using the LightCycler system and the RNA Amplification Kit hybridization probes in 35 @entity1 with CaP and 38 @entity1 with @entity1067 . RESULTS: Thirty-one (88.6%) of the 35 @entity1 with CaP and 36 (94.7%) of the 38 @entity1 with @entity1067 had positive RT-PCR for @entity4396 receptor mRNA. The number of positive amplifications per 1 microg total RNA was not significantly lower in CaP at 695,428 +/- 350,860 than in @entity1067 at 1,617,654 +/- 787,874. @entity1 with CaP evidenced a significant negative correlation between the amplification rate for @entity4396 receptor mRNA and Gleason score (r = -0.476; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: In the past, the potential mechanisms acting on @entity4396 receptors in CaP have been identified as possible antitumor strategies for this type of @entity5 . Our study is the first to show that CaP does not have a higher expression of @entity4396 receptor mRNA expression than @entity1067 when using quantitative sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization probes that only detect certain PCR products.

title: Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene mRNA expression in XXXX @entity263 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The oncologic outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) for the treatment of @entity1 with local advanced @entity356 (AGC) have not been evaluated. This study aimed to validate the oncologic efficacy of LAG for AGC. METHODS: The data from 539 @entity1 who underwent LAG and 539 @entity1 treated with open gastrectomy (OG) were selected using the propensity score-matching method from a database prospectively constructed between 2005 and 2011. The therapeutic value of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) dissection and the long-term surgical outcomes of these matched groups were compared. RESULTS: The groups were well balanced after the propensity score matched. The LAG and OG groups did not differ significantly in terms of clinicopathologic characteristics. The number of dissected LNs at stations 11 and 12a were significantly higher in the LAG group. However, the therapeutic index at each @entity1600 station did not differ significantly between the two groups. Although the overall survival curve at each stage did not differ significantly (P  >  0.05), the survival rate increased overall for @entity1 with pT4aN3bM0 in the OG group (P  <  0.05). The stratified analysis showed that overall survival was inferior for LAG surgeons with fewer than 40 completed cases. The survival results for surgeons who had performed more than 40 cases were similar to the results from open surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Although LAG yields comparable oncologic outcomes for local AGC, @entity1 with pT4aN3bM0 @entity356 may not be suitable for laparoscopic surgery, especially for surgeons with limited experience.

title: Is All Advanced XXXX Suitable for Laparoscopy-Assisted Gastrectomy With Extended Lymphadenectomy? A Case-Control Study Using a Propensity Score Method.

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity410 may produce a variety of autonomic alterations. These alterations may occur due to evoked autonomic reflexes or as a direct cortical effect on autonomic control. In animal studies, lock step phenomena of interictal discharges to autonomic output have been repeatedly documented. However, the association of interictal discharges and autonomic output is not as well established in @entity1 . METHODS: RR intervals timely locked to @entity302 (RR(n)) were compared to RR intervals immediately following (RR(n+1)) interictal discharges in 40 @entity1 with focal onset @entity302 and low baseline heart beat variability. RESULTS: In 20 @entity1 with 200 left sided @entity302 , RR(n) shortened in 100 and prolonged in 31 when compared to RR(n+1) intervals. While in 20 @entity1 with 200 right sided @entity302 RR(n) intervals shortened in 17 and prolonged in 116 (Chi square P<0.001). No consistent differences in RR(n) intervals variability between frontal versus temporal localization of the interictal discharges from the same side was found. CONCLUSIONS: Interictal discharges, may influence autonomic control over the cardiac cycle and agree with animal studies. Further study of the relationship of interictal discharges to autonomic output is needed to delineate the potential lateralized influences over autonomic nervous system.

title: Heart rate variability during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['interictal epileptiform discharge', 'interictal epileptiform discharges', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['interictal epileptiform discharges']


abstract: Granule cells with @entity5702 ( @entity5702 ) are found after @entity159 ( @entity159 ) in three @entity35 models of @entity1315 . These granule cells are commonly located at the hilar border and could be newly born granule cells based on their location. The aim of this study was to determine how long it takes for @entity5702 to form on granule cells after @entity159 . @entity2134 was injected to induce @entity159 and @entity35 were killed at different times: 3 days, 1, 2, and 3 weeks after @entity159 . Biocytin was injected into @entity1251 stratum lucidum of hippocampal slices to label granule cells with @entity5702 . The number, morphology, and length of @entity5702 were analyzed at the different time points. Basal processes of granule cells from @entity35 killed 3 days after @entity2134 injection were judged not to be @entity5702 because they were short in length and did not ramify in the hilus. "True" @entity5702 were detected as early as 7 and 8 days after @entity2134 -induced @entity159 . Similar frequencies of granule cells with @entity5702 were observed at the later time points. This study shows that @entity5702 can form on granule cells as early as 1 week following @entity159 . These results are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity5702 on granule cells may be generated from @entity410 -induced, de novo granule cells, however, alternative explanations that some or all @entity5702 arise from pre- @entity159 generated granule cells cannot be ruled out at this time and will require further examination.

title: Temporal profile of hilar basal dendrite formation on dentate granule cells after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['Pilocarpine', 'pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['hilar basal dendrites', 'HBDs']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is no consensus on a diagnostic strategy for @entity4034 underlying @entity6227 . We conducted a prospective study to assess the accuracy of multiple bone biopsies and imaging to diagnose pelvic @entity4034 . @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity4034 beneath pelvic @entity6227 were enrolled. Bone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical bone biopsies (three or more for microbiology and one for histology per @entity1066 ) were performed. @entity2348 diagnosis relied upon the association of positive histology and microbiology (at least one positive culture for non-commensal microorganisms or three or more for commensal microorganisms of the skin). From 2011 to 2014, 34 @entity1 with 44 @entity6227 were included. @entity2348 was diagnosed for 28 (82.3%) @entity1 and 35 (79.5%) @entity1066 according to the composite criterion. Discrepancy was observed between histology and microbiology for 5 (11.4%) @entity1066 . Most common isolates were @entity794 (77.1%), Peptostreptococcus (48.6%) and Bacteroides (40%), cultured in three or more samples in 42.9% of @entity1066 for @entity794 and >= 20% for anaerobes. Only 2.8% of @entity1066 had three or more positive specimens with coagulase-negative staphylococci, group B Streptococcus, and nil with enterococci and @entity796 . @entity794 , @entity795 and group milleri Streptococcus were recovered from one sample in 22.8%, 11.4% and 11.4% of @entity1066 , respectively. Agreement was poor between biopsies and MRI (k 0.2). Sensitivity of MRI was 94.3% and specificity was 22.2%. The diagnosis of pelvic @entity4034 relies on multiple surgical bone biopsies with microbiological and histological analyses. At least three bone samples allows the detection of pathogens and exclusion of contaminants. MRI is not routinely useful for diagnosis.

title: Diagnosing pelvic XXXX in spinal cord injured @entity1 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S.  aureus']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['pressure ulcers']

answer: @entity6227 :: (MESH:D003668,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis beneath pressure ulcers']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is no consensus on a diagnostic strategy for @entity4034 underlying @entity6227 . We conducted a prospective study to assess the accuracy of multiple bone biopsies and imaging to diagnose pelvic @entity4034 . @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity4034 beneath pelvic @entity6227 were enrolled. Bone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical bone biopsies (three or more for microbiology and one for histology per @entity1066 ) were performed. @entity2348 diagnosis relied upon the association of positive histology and microbiology (at least one positive culture for non-commensal microorganisms or three or more for commensal microorganisms of the skin). From 2011 to 2014, 34 @entity1 with 44 @entity6227 were included. @entity2348 was diagnosed for 28 (82.3%) @entity1 and 35 (79.5%) @entity1066 according to the composite criterion. Discrepancy was observed between histology and microbiology for 5 (11.4%) @entity1066 . Most common isolates were @entity794 (77.1%), Peptostreptococcus (48.6%) and Bacteroides (40%), cultured in three or more samples in 42.9% of @entity1066 for @entity794 and >= 20% for anaerobes. Only 2.8% of @entity1066 had three or more positive specimens with coagulase-negative staphylococci, group B Streptococcus, and nil with enterococci and @entity796 . @entity794 , @entity795 and group milleri Streptococcus were recovered from one sample in 22.8%, 11.4% and 11.4% of @entity1066 , respectively. Agreement was poor between biopsies and MRI (k 0.2). Sensitivity of MRI was 94.3% and specificity was 22.2%. The diagnosis of pelvic @entity4034 relies on multiple surgical bone biopsies with microbiological and histological analyses. At least three bone samples allows the detection of pathogens and exclusion of contaminants. MRI is not routinely useful for diagnosis.

title: Diagnosing pelvic @entity6227 in spinal cord injured XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Phonatory dysfunction is a frequent component of @entity4653 and often is a primary feature noted in clinical assessment. But the @entity73 can be difficult to assess because (a). the analysis of @entity1740 of any kind can be challenging, and (b). the @entity1740 in @entity4653 often occurs along with other impairments affecting articulation, resonance, and respiration. A promising assessment tool is multi-parameter acoustic analysis, such as the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP). Part 1 of this paper recommends procedures and standards for the acoustic analysis of voice, including (1). selection of the sample to be analyzed, (2). signal quality requirements, (3). availability of normative data for both genders and different ages of speakers, (4). reliability of analysis, and (5). correlation of acoustic results with results from other methods of analysis. In Part 2, acoustic data are reviewed for the @entity4653 associated with @entity191 ( @entity191 ), @entity76 , @entity746 ( @entity746 ), @entity131 ( @entity131 ), unilateral @entity64 , and essential @entity400 . Tentative profiles of @entity1740 are described for these conditions. These profiles may serve as hypotheses for future research. Although several issues remain to be resolved in the acoustic analysis of @entity1740 in @entity4653 , steps can be taken now to promote the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of such analyses. (1). As a result of this activity, the @entity1 will be able to describe ways in which an optimal multi-dimensional analysis of voice can be performed with modern acoustic analysis systems. (2). As a result of this activity, the @entity1 will be able to apply multi-dimensional acoustic analysis of voice to individuals who have a @entity4653 -related @entity1740 . (3). As a result of this activity, the @entity1 will be able to identify major sources of normative data on the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program.

title: Voice dysfunction in XXXX : application of the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric stroke']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['vocal impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar disease']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice disorder']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity4653 :: (MESH:D004401,Disease) :: ['dysarthria']


abstract: PURPOSE: Conservative breast surgery (CBS) is viewed as a surgical technique able to improve the psychophysical outcome of @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity0 ( @entity0 ). CBS has clearly improved the impact of local treatment on postoperative body image adjustment, but the effect on @entity1 ' quality of life (QL) is similar to that observed after mastectomy. This insufficient adjustment may be related to the fact that sensorial alterations, mainly @entity158 , may produce negative effects on @entity1 ' QL. This retrospective study, based on self-completed questionnaires, reports the @entity1 ' descriptions of @entity158 and its relationships with QL adjustment after quadrantectomy and radiotherapy for @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We mailed a questionnaire to a consecutive series of 481 @entity1 treated with CBS and radiotherapy from March 1995 to March 1998. The questionnaire, listing 129 items, comprised: (1) a @entity158 assessment module with the short form of the McGill @entity158 Questionnaire exploring the characteristics and the description of the @entity158 ; (2) a QL questionnaire including four subscales (physical well-being, psychological well-being, physical autonomy, and relationships). RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-eight @entity1 (72%) completed the questionnaire, but 24 were excluded from the analysis due to absence of axillary dissection. One hundred and forty-one @entity1 reported @entity158 as a consequence of treatment. It generally started within 3 months after the completion of therapy, was localized in the axillary region and was intermittent. The @entity158 was mainly described as aching (59%), tender (51%) and cramping (43%). Compared to the @entity1 who did not experience @entity158 , those who suffered from @entity158 had significantly worse scores in physical (p < 0.0001), psychological (p < 0.0001), autonomy (p < 0.05), and relational subscales (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the hypothesis that @entity158 is a frequent sequela of CBS and radiotherapy, and that such symptoms can cause @entity86 , thus limiting @entity1 adaptation and reducing the beneficial effect of CBS on body image.

title: @entity158 after quadrantectomy and radiotherapy for XXXX : incidence, characteristics and influence on quality of life. Results from a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative psychosocial distress']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Conservative breast surgery (CBS) is viewed as a surgical technique able to improve the psychophysical outcome of @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity0 ( @entity0 ). CBS has clearly improved the impact of local treatment on postoperative body image adjustment, but the effect on @entity1 ' quality of life (QL) is similar to that observed after mastectomy. This insufficient adjustment may be related to the fact that sensorial alterations, mainly @entity158 , may produce negative effects on @entity1 ' QL. This retrospective study, based on self-completed questionnaires, reports the @entity1 ' descriptions of @entity158 and its relationships with QL adjustment after quadrantectomy and radiotherapy for @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We mailed a questionnaire to a consecutive series of 481 @entity1 treated with CBS and radiotherapy from March 1995 to March 1998. The questionnaire, listing 129 items, comprised: (1) a @entity158 assessment module with the short form of the McGill @entity158 Questionnaire exploring the characteristics and the description of the @entity158 ; (2) a QL questionnaire including four subscales (physical well-being, psychological well-being, physical autonomy, and relationships). RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-eight @entity1 (72%) completed the questionnaire, but 24 were excluded from the analysis due to absence of axillary dissection. One hundred and forty-one @entity1 reported @entity158 as a consequence of treatment. It generally started within 3 months after the completion of therapy, was localized in the axillary region and was intermittent. The @entity158 was mainly described as aching (59%), tender (51%) and cramping (43%). Compared to the @entity1 who did not experience @entity158 , those who suffered from @entity158 had significantly worse scores in physical (p < 0.0001), psychological (p < 0.0001), autonomy (p < 0.05), and relational subscales (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the hypothesis that @entity158 is a frequent sequela of CBS and radiotherapy, and that such symptoms can cause @entity86 , thus limiting @entity1 adaptation and reducing the beneficial effect of CBS on body image.

title: XXXX after quadrantectomy and radiotherapy for @entity0 : incidence, characteristics and influence on quality of life. Results from a retrospective study.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: The cell-to-medium distribution ratios at steady state of @entity534 ( @entity19713 ) and of the lipid-soluble cation @entity36958 (RTPP) were studied as a function of the membrane potential (Em) in adult @entity1 fibroblasts. The relationship between @entity19713 and Em was qualitatively similar to that of RTPP and Em. Quantitatively, @entity19713 and RTPP differed in that 1) RTPP was much greater than @entity19713 when Em was near zero, indicating a significant binding component in the uptake of @entity8331 + but not of @entity534 , and 2) after a correction for binding when Em is near zero, RTPP was still greater than @entity19713 so that RT/F . ln RTPP exceeded RT/F . ln @entity19713 by 10-25 mV. The pattern of the redistribution of accumulated @entity8331 + and @entity369 after an alteration of Em was identical. In null-point experiments, the external [K+] for which there were no changes in cellular @entity8331 + or @entity534 in the presence of high @entity9942 (the null points) were very similar for the two probes. Em calculated from the null-point measurements (-70(-)-80 mV) was also very similar to RT/F . ln @entity19713 and thus smaller than RT/F.ln RTPP. It was concluded that 1) there was an additional @entity8331 + binding as cellular [ @entity8331 ] rose in response to more negative membrane potentials, 2) the transport system for @entity534 in these cells (system y+) operates as a facilitated diffusion system driven by the membrane potential, and 3) in some circumstances, @entity534 could be employed as a probe of Em.

title: Dependence of XXXX accumulation on membrane potential in cultured @entity1 fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity9942 :: ('MESH:D014634', 'Chemical') :: ['valinomycin']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity36958 :: ('MESH:C013289', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraphenylphosphonium']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity534 :: (CHEBI:16467,Chemical) :: ['L-arginine']


abstract: The cell-to-medium distribution ratios at steady state of @entity534 ( @entity19713 ) and of the lipid-soluble cation @entity36958 (RTPP) were studied as a function of the membrane potential (Em) in adult @entity1 fibroblasts. The relationship between @entity19713 and Em was qualitatively similar to that of RTPP and Em. Quantitatively, @entity19713 and RTPP differed in that 1) RTPP was much greater than @entity19713 when Em was near zero, indicating a significant binding component in the uptake of @entity8331 + but not of @entity534 , and 2) after a correction for binding when Em is near zero, RTPP was still greater than @entity19713 so that RT/F . ln RTPP exceeded RT/F . ln @entity19713 by 10-25 mV. The pattern of the redistribution of accumulated @entity8331 + and @entity369 after an alteration of Em was identical. In null-point experiments, the external [K+] for which there were no changes in cellular @entity8331 + or @entity534 in the presence of high @entity9942 (the null points) were very similar for the two probes. Em calculated from the null-point measurements (-70(-)-80 mV) was also very similar to RT/F . ln @entity19713 and thus smaller than RT/F.ln RTPP. It was concluded that 1) there was an additional @entity8331 + binding as cellular [ @entity8331 ] rose in response to more negative membrane potentials, 2) the transport system for @entity534 in these cells (system y+) operates as a facilitated diffusion system driven by the membrane potential, and 3) in some circumstances, @entity534 could be employed as a probe of Em.

title: Dependence of @entity534 accumulation on membrane potential in cultured XXXX fibroblasts.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Heterogeneity is the most important consideration in the pathophysiology of @entity10189 . @entity1066 present clinically with @entity360 or perforation. If they heal there is no predictable recurrence. Factors concerned with mucosal defense are relatively more important than aggressive factors such as acid and pepsin. Local @entity63 is the earliest recognizable gross lesion. The gastric mucosa is at least as vulnerable as the duodenal mucosa and probably more so. Most drug-induced @entity1066 occur in the stomach. Chronic or recurrent true peptic @entity1066 (penetrating the muscularis mucosae) usually present with @entity490 . Many duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 report that the @entity158 occurs when the stomach is empty or is relieved by food, and follows a pattern of relatively long periods of freedom from symptoms between recurrences. Approximately 50% of @entity1 experience a recurrence within a year if anti- @entity1066 medication is stopped. In most western countries recurrent duodenal @entity1066 is more common than gastric @entity1066 . @entity10189 is also more common in @entity1 . Recent evidence indicates genetic and familial factors in duodenal @entity1066 and increased acid-pepsin secretion in response to a variety of stimuli. However, it is also becoming clear that of all the abnormal functions noted, few are present in all subjects and many are clustered in subgroups. In @entity2275 , defective defense mechanisms, such as @entity20705 and @entity4726 , seem to be more important than aggressive factors. Nevertheless, antisecretory medications accelerate the healing of such @entity1066 . It remains to be seen whether @entity2918 , mucus secretion, or gastric mucosal blood flow are @entity102 .

title: The pathophysiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease', 'Peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcers', 'Acute ulcers and erosions']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['impaired in chronic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity20705 :: ('MESH:D004383', 'Disease') :: ['duodenogastric reflux']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['chronic gastric ulcer of the corpus']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['peptic ulcer disease']


abstract: A @entity1 who refuses to notify their relatives of potential at-risk status brings a genetics provider to face conflicting ethical principles and ill-defined legal precedent. Genetics professionals' views on the disclosure of @entity1 information to at-risk relatives have remained largely unexamined. Prior analyses have been limited to identifying factors contributing to genetics providers' self-predicted responses in hypothetical scenarios. Our group was the first to examine the clinical experience of genetic counselors with this issue [Dugan et al., 2003]. We report here results from our follow-up survey of medical geneticists who are members of either the American Society of @entity1 Genetics and/or American College of Medical Genetics in an effort to identify their experiences in warning at-risk relatives and the factors driving their decision-making processes. Over two-thirds of medical geneticists surveyed (69%, 143/206) believe they do bear responsibility to warn their @entity1 ' relatives when found to be at-risk for @entity74 . One-quarter (25%, 31/123) of medical geneticists who faced the dilemma of a @entity1 refusing to notify their at-risk relatives seriously considered disclosure to those at-risk relatives without @entity1 consent. Only four respondents proceeded to warn at-risk relatives of their status. Whereas genetic counselors cited emotional issues as playing a primary role in their decision not to warn, medical geneticists identified @entity1 confidentiality, eventual case resolution by other means, and legal liability as the major factors leading to non-disclosure in 76% of actual scenarios. Responsibilities of medical geneticists, genetic counselors, and non-genetics healthcare professionals facing this issue will need to be more clearly defined to provide optimal medical care within the bounds of acceptable practice.

title: Medical Geneticists' duty to warn at-risk relatives for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aortic @entity731 is considered a high risk embolic source, being an independent predictor for @entity63 . The incidence is higher in the elderly and in @entity1 with @entity453 . Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is an important diagnostic tool that allows its detection. OBJECTIVE: To describe characteristics of @entity1 with @entity385 and echocardiographic diagnosis of @entity2333 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed the group of @entity1 with debris diagnosis in 209 TEE performed between 01/01/99 and 31/05/02, in 835 consecutive @entity63 events. The information was collected from the @entity64 Database of the Neurology Department of Policlinica Bancaria. RESULTS: TEE was accomplished in 25% of all assisted events. The mean age was 66.56 years (SD 11.22). In 30 studies (14%) @entity2333 was detected. In this group of @entity1 , 26 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , was also found: plaques grade IV 60%, left @entity384 40% and spontaneous echo contrast 20%. The most frequent risk factors were @entity101 , dislipemia and smoking, with no significative difference compared to the group without debris. 40% had a prior cerebrovascular event. They presented with clinical subtype @entity11524 53%, PACI 27%, POCI 17%. 63% of @entity1 had @entity1188 (53% anterior and 10% posterior). CONCLUSION: The contribution of TTE for detection of embolic sources is relevant. A high percentage of the population with echocardiographic diagnosis of @entity2333 , had a @entity1188 , defined radiologically and by clinical features.

title: [Aortic debris in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarct']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic debris']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic debris']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular ischemic disease']


abstract: Crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight @entity691 (UHMWPE) has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in orthopedic implants. The majority of commercially available UHMWPE orthopedic components are crosslinked using e-beam or gamma radiation. The level of crosslinking is controlled with radiation dose and free radicals are eliminated through heat treatments to prevent long-term degradation associated with chain scission or oxidation mechanisms. Laboratory studies have demonstrated a substantial improvement in the wear resistance of crosslinked UHMWPE. However, a concern about the resistance to @entity16 remains in the clinical community, especially for tibial components that sustain high cyclic contact stresses. The objective of this study was to investigate both the initiation and propagation aspects of fatigue cracks in radiation crosslinked medical-grade UHMWPE. This work evaluated three levels of radiation, which induced three crosslink densities, on the @entity1295 and total fatigue life behavior. Both as-received UHMWPE, as well as those that underwent an identical thermal history as the crosslinked UHMWPE were used as controls. @entity174 crack propagation specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy to elucidate fatigue @entity174 mechanisms. The results of this work indicated that a low crosslink density may optimize the fatigue resistance from both a crack initiation and propagation standpoint.

title: The effects of degree of crosslinking on the XXXX and propagation resistance of orthopedic-grade @entity691 .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue damage']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue crack propagation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fractured', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue crack initiation']


abstract: Crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight @entity691 (UHMWPE) has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in orthopedic implants. The majority of commercially available UHMWPE orthopedic components are crosslinked using e-beam or gamma radiation. The level of crosslinking is controlled with radiation dose and free radicals are eliminated through heat treatments to prevent long-term degradation associated with chain scission or oxidation mechanisms. Laboratory studies have demonstrated a substantial improvement in the wear resistance of crosslinked UHMWPE. However, a concern about the resistance to @entity16 remains in the clinical community, especially for tibial components that sustain high cyclic contact stresses. The objective of this study was to investigate both the initiation and propagation aspects of fatigue cracks in radiation crosslinked medical-grade UHMWPE. This work evaluated three levels of radiation, which induced three crosslink densities, on the @entity1295 and total fatigue life behavior. Both as-received UHMWPE, as well as those that underwent an identical thermal history as the crosslinked UHMWPE were used as controls. @entity174 crack propagation specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy to elucidate fatigue @entity174 mechanisms. The results of this work indicated that a low crosslink density may optimize the fatigue resistance from both a crack initiation and propagation standpoint.

title: The effects of degree of crosslinking on the @entity1295 and propagation resistance of orthopedic-grade XXXX .

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Therapeutic options in @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in chronic phase include allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and treatments other than allogeneic @entity8 . The choice of therapy often depends on the mortality risk of allogeneic @entity8 . Delaying @entity8 until the disease demonstrates resistance to other strategies (e.g., @entity2213 or interferon-alpha) entails the risk of the development of a sudden blastic phase, which may not permit enough time to perform a @entity8 . METHODS: The current study was performed to define the incidence and patterns of sudden-onset blastic-phase @entity1860 in relation to the risk inherent in delaying allogeneic @entity8 . Of a study group of 1286 @entity1 who were referred in early chronic-phase @entity1860 between 1981-2001 and who received therapies other than allogeneic @entity8 , 1093 @entity1 had regular follow-up at the study institution. A sudden onset of blastic phase was defined as having its onset within 3 months from a previously documented complete hematologic response. RESULTS: Among the 1093 @entity1 , 183 @entity1 developed blastic-phase disease, which was of sudden onset in 46 @entity1 (25%; 4% of the total). The incidence of sudden blastic phase was 0.4% in the first year, 1.8% in the second year, and 2.6% in the third year. @entity1 with @entity2459 were found to have more often low-risk features at the time of presentation, including low incidences of blasts and @entity1148 . @entity2459 was found to be associated with a higher incidence of lymphoid blastic morphology (67% vs. 22%; P < 0.0001), which resulted in a higher response rate to blastic-phase therapy (70% vs. 29%; P < 0.0001) and significantly longer survival from the onset of blastic-phase disease (median of 12 months vs. 6 months; P < 0.01). Twenty-four of the 42 @entity1 with @entity2459 who were treated at the M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center were able to undergo allogeneic @entity8 in second chronic phrase (n = 13) or transformed phase (n = 11); at the time of last follow-up, 6 @entity1 were alive without evidence of disease at a median of 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: The low rates of @entity2459 in the first 3 years of the course of disease for @entity1860 and the salvage rate of these @entity1 with allogeneic @entity8 should be considered in relation to the transplantation mortality in @entity1 with early chronic-phase disease and the early promising results with @entity2213 therapy.

title: Sudden onset of the blastic phase of XXXX : patterns and implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib mesylate']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'Ph-positive CML', 'Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden blastic-phase CML', 'sudden blastic-phase disease', 'sudden blastic transformation']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: Four @entity1 and six @entity1 with symptomatic solitary @entity99 were encountered over an 11-year period. Average age was 49 years (range, 10 months to 67 years). Most common clinical features included @entity158 , a palpable RUQ mass and early postprandial satiety. Liver function studies were uniformly normal. Ultrasound and computerized tomography CT were virtually diagnostic alone or in combination. Eight @entity1 had unilocular, simple cysts and two @entity1 had multilocular complex cysts also designated as @entity9296 . Cysts recurred in four @entity1 treated surgically by needle aspiration, incision, and internal drainage or external catheter drainage. All four @entity1 required reoperation, which included @entity99 in three @entity1 and extensive unroofing in one @entity1 . No cysts have recurred in six @entity1 treated by extensive unroofing or excision of the cyst and none has required reoperation. One @entity1 who underwent @entity99 for cyst recurrence after an inadequate primary procedure was found to have an unsuspected @entity189 in the cyst wall. The conclusion is that extensive unroofing of unilocular solitary @entity99 minimizes the likelihood of cyst recurrence and obviates the need for hepatic resection. Total cyst excision is indicated for all multiloculated cysts to avoid overlooking a @entity9296 or for unilocular cysts if the biopsy specimen of the cyst wall demonstrates an unsuspected @entity5 .

title: Optimizing surgical management of symptomatic solitary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lobectomy', 'hepatic cysts']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cystadenomas', 'biliary cystadenoma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic cysts']


abstract: beta-Very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) may be a major atherogenic lipoprotein, and knowledge of the sites of its catabolism should facilitate elucidation of mechanisms important in the regulation of its plasma concentrations. In this study, catabolic sites of beta-VLDL have been delineated in normolipidemic @entity95 with a novel, radioiodinated, residualizing label, 125I- @entity72245 (125I-DLT). Comparative studies of beta-VLDL and low density lipoprotein catabolism were performed with 125I-DLT conjugated to each lipoprotein and with lipoproteins @entity1496 -labeled conventionally. Conjugation did not alter size distributions or charge characteristics of lipoprotein particles. The overall processing (binding and degradation) of lipoproteins by cultured @entity95 skin fibroblasts was not influenced by 125I-DLT derivatization, suggesting that attachment of the label did not influence cell receptor-lipoprotein interactions. Furthermore, although degradation products of 125I-lipoproteins leaked out of the cells and into the medium, the degradation products of 125I-DLT lipoproteins were retained by the cells. The principal catabolic site of beta-VLDL in normolipidemic @entity95 was found to be the liver with 54 +/- 4% of injected 125I retained in this organ 24 h after injection of 125I-DLT-beta-VLDL. When catabolism was normalized to tissue weight, the liver and adrenals were found to be approximately equally active in the metabolism of beta-VLDL. In agreement with results of other studies with residualizing labels, the principal organ of catabolism of 125I-DLT-LDL in vivo was the liver. The adrenals were the most highly catabolizing organ when results were normalized for tissue weight. The quantitative differences observed in the tissue distributions of injected 125I-DLT-beta-VLDL and 125I-DLT-low density lipoprotein suggested that a significant proportion of beta-VLDL is removed by tissues before conversion to low density lipoprotein.

title: Loci of catabolism of beta-very low density lipoprotein in vivo delineated with a residualizing label, 125I- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity72245 :: ('MESH:C049133', 'Chemical') :: ['dilactitol tyramine']

answer: @entity72245 :: (MESH:C049133,Chemical) :: ['dilactitol tyramine']


abstract: Seven members of staff in a paediatric intensive care unit and two of their relatives developed @entity99 over a period of five days. A 13 year old @entity1 who was @entity322 prior to his @entity204 , was presumed to be the source of @entity281 . Two hundred and sixty seven other members of staff underwent serological testing and were given prophylactic pooled gamma globulin. Twenty three per cent were immune before exposure. Of @entity1 born in the United States, those at highest risk of developing the disease are physicians, dentists, nurses and those under the age of 40. Of those born outside the United States, being white and under the age of 30 are the two main risk factors. Data from a questionnaire sent to 19 nurses at risk (six cases, 13 controls) suggested that sharing food with @entity1 or their families, drinking coffee, sharing cigarettes and eating in the nurses' office in the intensive care unit were associated with an increased incidence of @entity99 . Nurses with three or four of these habits were at particular risk. The costs of screening and prophylaxis were US  64.72 per employee, while prophylaxis alone would have cost US  8.42 per employee. Assessing risk factors on the one hand and costs of prophylaxis on the other are important elements in the control of @entity580 .

title: Nosocomial XXXX in a paediatric intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy', 'people']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinent of faeces']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis A infection']


abstract: We performed a double-blind crossover study to compare the effects of long-term treatment of inhaled @entity4184 and @entity4183 on @entity6587 in 17 @entity1 with @entity56 . Both drugs were administered for 4 weeks with a placebo-treatment period before and after each active-treatment period. To assess @entity6587 , standardized inhalation provocation tests with @entity112 and @entity1169 were performed every 2 weeks. Before each inhalation provocation the drugs were withheld for at least 12 hours. Before the @entity4184 treatment the FEV1 value (percent predicted) was 85.3 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SEM). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with this drug, the value increased significantly to 89.4 +/- 4.1% and 96.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005). The @entity112 provocation concentrations causing a decrease in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) on the same days were 4.0, 7.2, and 9.5 mg/ml, respectively (both p less than 0.001). The PC20 values for @entity1169 , which were measured 1 hour after the @entity112 provocation, were 11.7, 13.3, and 14.0 mg/ml (ns). The FEV1 values before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with @entity4183 were 86.2 +/- 4.0%, 84.8 +/- 4.1%, and 87.0 +/- 4.6%, respectively. The @entity112 PC20 values on the same days were 4.7, 3.1 (p less than 0.05), and 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The @entity1169 PC20 values were 14.2, 8.7, and 10.1 mg/ml (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively. We conclude that @entity4184 improves @entity6587 , possibly by a dampening of late @entity56 , whereas treatment with @entity4183 may lead to a temporary increase of @entity6587 , possibly as a result of beta-receptor desensitization.

title: Changes in @entity6587 induced by 4 weeks of treatment with antiasthmatic drugs in @entity1 with @entity56 : a comparison between XXXX and @entity4183 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['budesonide']


abstract: We performed a double-blind crossover study to compare the effects of long-term treatment of inhaled @entity4184 and @entity4183 on @entity6587 in 17 @entity1 with @entity56 . Both drugs were administered for 4 weeks with a placebo-treatment period before and after each active-treatment period. To assess @entity6587 , standardized inhalation provocation tests with @entity112 and @entity1169 were performed every 2 weeks. Before each inhalation provocation the drugs were withheld for at least 12 hours. Before the @entity4184 treatment the FEV1 value (percent predicted) was 85.3 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SEM). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with this drug, the value increased significantly to 89.4 +/- 4.1% and 96.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005). The @entity112 provocation concentrations causing a decrease in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) on the same days were 4.0, 7.2, and 9.5 mg/ml, respectively (both p less than 0.001). The PC20 values for @entity1169 , which were measured 1 hour after the @entity112 provocation, were 11.7, 13.3, and 14.0 mg/ml (ns). The FEV1 values before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with @entity4183 were 86.2 +/- 4.0%, 84.8 +/- 4.1%, and 87.0 +/- 4.6%, respectively. The @entity112 PC20 values on the same days were 4.7, 3.1 (p less than 0.05), and 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The @entity1169 PC20 values were 14.2, 8.7, and 10.1 mg/ml (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively. We conclude that @entity4184 improves @entity6587 , possibly by a dampening of late @entity56 , whereas treatment with @entity4183 may lead to a temporary increase of @entity6587 , possibly as a result of beta-receptor desensitization.

title: Changes in XXXX induced by 4 weeks of treatment with antiasthmatic drugs in @entity1 with @entity56 : a comparison between @entity4184 and @entity4183 .

answer: @entity6587 :: (MESH:D016535,Disease) :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']


abstract: We performed a double-blind crossover study to compare the effects of long-term treatment of inhaled @entity4184 and @entity4183 on @entity6587 in 17 @entity1 with @entity56 . Both drugs were administered for 4 weeks with a placebo-treatment period before and after each active-treatment period. To assess @entity6587 , standardized inhalation provocation tests with @entity112 and @entity1169 were performed every 2 weeks. Before each inhalation provocation the drugs were withheld for at least 12 hours. Before the @entity4184 treatment the FEV1 value (percent predicted) was 85.3 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SEM). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with this drug, the value increased significantly to 89.4 +/- 4.1% and 96.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005). The @entity112 provocation concentrations causing a decrease in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) on the same days were 4.0, 7.2, and 9.5 mg/ml, respectively (both p less than 0.001). The PC20 values for @entity1169 , which were measured 1 hour after the @entity112 provocation, were 11.7, 13.3, and 14.0 mg/ml (ns). The FEV1 values before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with @entity4183 were 86.2 +/- 4.0%, 84.8 +/- 4.1%, and 87.0 +/- 4.6%, respectively. The @entity112 PC20 values on the same days were 4.7, 3.1 (p less than 0.05), and 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The @entity1169 PC20 values were 14.2, 8.7, and 10.1 mg/ml (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively. We conclude that @entity4184 improves @entity6587 , possibly by a dampening of late @entity56 , whereas treatment with @entity4183 may lead to a temporary increase of @entity6587 , possibly as a result of beta-receptor desensitization.

title: Changes in @entity6587 induced by 4 weeks of treatment with antiasthmatic drugs in @entity1 with XXXX : a comparison between @entity4184 and @entity4183 .

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic asthma']


abstract: We performed a double-blind crossover study to compare the effects of long-term treatment of inhaled @entity4184 and @entity4183 on @entity6587 in 17 @entity1 with @entity56 . Both drugs were administered for 4 weeks with a placebo-treatment period before and after each active-treatment period. To assess @entity6587 , standardized inhalation provocation tests with @entity112 and @entity1169 were performed every 2 weeks. Before each inhalation provocation the drugs were withheld for at least 12 hours. Before the @entity4184 treatment the FEV1 value (percent predicted) was 85.3 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SEM). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with this drug, the value increased significantly to 89.4 +/- 4.1% and 96.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005). The @entity112 provocation concentrations causing a decrease in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) on the same days were 4.0, 7.2, and 9.5 mg/ml, respectively (both p less than 0.001). The PC20 values for @entity1169 , which were measured 1 hour after the @entity112 provocation, were 11.7, 13.3, and 14.0 mg/ml (ns). The FEV1 values before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with @entity4183 were 86.2 +/- 4.0%, 84.8 +/- 4.1%, and 87.0 +/- 4.6%, respectively. The @entity112 PC20 values on the same days were 4.7, 3.1 (p less than 0.05), and 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The @entity1169 PC20 values were 14.2, 8.7, and 10.1 mg/ml (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively. We conclude that @entity4184 improves @entity6587 , possibly by a dampening of late @entity56 , whereas treatment with @entity4183 may lead to a temporary increase of @entity6587 , possibly as a result of beta-receptor desensitization.

title: Changes in @entity6587 induced by 4 weeks of treatment with antiasthmatic drugs in @entity1 with @entity56 : a comparison between @entity4184 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4183 :: (MESH:D013726,Chemical) :: ['terbutaline']