abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity935 depletion of the striatum is one of the hallmarks of @entity191 . The loss of @entity935 upregulates @entity14019 expression in the striatal projection neurons and causes other changes in the activity of the basal ganglia circuit. METHODS: To normalize the @entity14019 expression in the striatum after @entity935 depletion, we developed several lentiviral vectors that express RNA interference (RNAi) directed against @entity14019 mitochondrial RNA. The vectors were injected into the striatum of hemiparkinsonian @entity35 and the level of @entity14019 protein as well as a marker of neuronal activity, @entity9774 , was analyzed using western blots. RESULTS: Unilateral lesions of the @entity935 neurons in substantia nigra resulted in an increased level of @entity14019 protein in the ipsilateral striatum. Furthermore, we detected significantly higher levels of @entity9774 , after @entity935 depletion in the striatum. Using a lentiviral vectors with a synthetic miRNA scaffold to deliver RNAi, we were able to normalize the @entity14019 protein levels in the @entity191 @entity35 striatum. In addition, we were able to normalize the increased neural activity, which resulted from the loss of @entity935 as measured by the marker @entity9774 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that RNAi directed against @entity14019 may be a valid approach to correct the dysregulation of the basal ganglia circuit in a @entity35 model of @entity191 . The possibility to correct for a loss of @entity935 using nondopamimetic tools is interesting because it may be more directed towards the casual mechanisms of the motor symptoms.

title: Knockdown of XXXX protein levels normalizes neuronal activity in a @entity35 model of @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity14019 :: (24379(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['GAD67']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity935 depletion of the striatum is one of the hallmarks of @entity191 . The loss of @entity935 upregulates @entity14019 expression in the striatal projection neurons and causes other changes in the activity of the basal ganglia circuit. METHODS: To normalize the @entity14019 expression in the striatum after @entity935 depletion, we developed several lentiviral vectors that express RNA interference (RNAi) directed against @entity14019 mitochondrial RNA. The vectors were injected into the striatum of hemiparkinsonian @entity35 and the level of @entity14019 protein as well as a marker of neuronal activity, @entity9774 , was analyzed using western blots. RESULTS: Unilateral lesions of the @entity935 neurons in substantia nigra resulted in an increased level of @entity14019 protein in the ipsilateral striatum. Furthermore, we detected significantly higher levels of @entity9774 , after @entity935 depletion in the striatum. Using a lentiviral vectors with a synthetic miRNA scaffold to deliver RNAi, we were able to normalize the @entity14019 protein levels in the @entity191 @entity35 striatum. In addition, we were able to normalize the increased neural activity, which resulted from the loss of @entity935 as measured by the marker @entity9774 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that RNAi directed against @entity14019 may be a valid approach to correct the dysregulation of the basal ganglia circuit in a @entity35 model of @entity191 . The possibility to correct for a loss of @entity935 using nondopamimetic tools is interesting because it may be more directed towards the casual mechanisms of the motor symptoms.

title: Knockdown of @entity14019 protein levels normalizes neuronal activity in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity935 depletion of the striatum is one of the hallmarks of @entity191 . The loss of @entity935 upregulates @entity14019 expression in the striatal projection neurons and causes other changes in the activity of the basal ganglia circuit. METHODS: To normalize the @entity14019 expression in the striatum after @entity935 depletion, we developed several lentiviral vectors that express RNA interference (RNAi) directed against @entity14019 mitochondrial RNA. The vectors were injected into the striatum of hemiparkinsonian @entity35 and the level of @entity14019 protein as well as a marker of neuronal activity, @entity9774 , was analyzed using western blots. RESULTS: Unilateral lesions of the @entity935 neurons in substantia nigra resulted in an increased level of @entity14019 protein in the ipsilateral striatum. Furthermore, we detected significantly higher levels of @entity9774 , after @entity935 depletion in the striatum. Using a lentiviral vectors with a synthetic miRNA scaffold to deliver RNAi, we were able to normalize the @entity14019 protein levels in the @entity191 @entity35 striatum. In addition, we were able to normalize the increased neural activity, which resulted from the loss of @entity935 as measured by the marker @entity9774 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that RNAi directed against @entity14019 may be a valid approach to correct the dysregulation of the basal ganglia circuit in a @entity35 model of @entity191 . The possibility to correct for a loss of @entity935 using nondopamimetic tools is interesting because it may be more directed towards the casual mechanisms of the motor symptoms.

title: Knockdown of @entity14019 protein levels normalizes neuronal activity in a XXXX model of @entity191 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We have studied the pathophysiology of the @entity455 induced by @entity3964 -parasitized erythrocytes with the use of an ex vivo microcirculatory preparation perfused with red cells infected with knobless and knobby clones of the FCR-3 strain. We find that parasitized erythrocyte membrane knobs are indispensable for the generation of the circulatory obstruction. Uninfected erythrocytes incubated in culture and erythrocytes infected with early or late forms of the knobless clones or the early forms of the knobby clone all failed to obstruct the microcirculation, although exhibiting various effects on bulk viscosity and peripheral resistance during flow. In contrast, late forms of the knobby clone produced significantly higher peripheral resistance during flow and significant obstruction as detected by changes in time of pressure flow recovery as well as by direct videorecorded microscopic observation. Optical and electron microscopy showed that the adherence of parasitized cells to the endothelium was limited to the venules and involved the knobs in junctions. In addition, we were able to follow the sequence of events during obstruction: initial red-cell adherence to the venular endothelium (sometimes only transitory) followed by progressive recruitment at the venule surface, finally leading to total obstruction that involved parasitized and nonparasitized erythrocytes. Sometimes, @entity1423 would extend the obstruction to the capillaries or even precapillary arterioles. These results show that knobs are necessary and sufficient to produce @entity455 and that other factors (spleen, immunological, etc.) can only have a modulating role. These results also exclude the possibility that the exclusive adherence to venules is the consequence of "plasma factors" found in the malaric @entity1 .

title: Membrane knobs are required for the microcirculatory obstruction induced by XXXX -infected erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde aggregation']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: AIMS: This study investigated clinical and genetic predictors of increasing suicidal ideation during antidepressant treatment. MATERIALS _ METHODS: A total of 131 @entity308 outpatients were allocated to four antidepressants ( @entity903 , @entity906 , @entity8991 or @entity9021 ) in a sequential step procedure until remission. Suicidality was assessed using the 10th item of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). A total of 11 candidate genes involved in different mechanisms of antidepressant action were selected for association with increasing suicidality. RESULTS: Increasing suicidality correlated with @entity308 severity and higher antidepressant blood levels. Risk of increasing suicidal ideation was higher in subjects taking antidepressants other than @entity903 (odds ratio: 1.11). The strongest genetic predictor was found to be @entity13783 within the @entity13784 gene (p = 2.9   10(-5)), followed by @entity7657 in the @entity1262 gene. The @entity72695 SNP within the 5-HTR1B gene demonstrated a differential association with increasing suicidal ideation depending on antidepressant type. CONCLUSION: Increasing suicidal ideation might be an adverse effect of antidepressants. The involvement of @entity13784 indicates that dysregulation of the @entity2339 is involved in treatment increasing suicidal ideation.

title: Clinical and genetic correlates of suicidal ideation during antidepressant treatment in a XXXX outpatient sample.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity9021 :: ('MESH:C051752', 'Chemical') :: ['nefazodone']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: The regulation of both angiotensin receptors and @entity1812 receptors during @entity1372 intake is poorly understood. We hypothesized that an altered balance between renal angiotensin type 1 ( @entity1809 ) receptors and @entity1812 type 2 (B2) receptors might contribute to an increase in blood pressure during periods of high- @entity1372 intake. We studied the effects of high- @entity1372 intake on renal @entity1809 receptors and B2 receptors in 5-6-week-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) receiving high- @entity2827 (6% @entity1219 ) or mineral salts (10.5%, composition: 57% @entity1219 , 28% @entity4338 , 12% @entity2400 ) compared to those receiving a low- @entity1372 ( @entity1219 0.125%) diet for 10 weeks. Mineral salt intake was included due to its beneficial effects on blood pressure and @entity1283 . Receptor densities were measured by quantitative autoradiography. @entity1809 receptors were quantified using incubation with 125I-Sar1-Ile8- @entity1808 and displacement was measured with @entity11083 (10 micromol/l), whereas B2 receptors were quantified using 125I-HPP-icatibant and displacement was measured with icatibant (3 micromol/l). Compared to the SHR controls, a further increase in blood pressure occurred after 2 weeks in the 6% @entity1219 group and after 6 weeks in the mineral salt group. @entity1809 receptor density increased in the renal cortex by 41% (p<0.01) in the 6% @entity1219 group and by 26% (p<0.05) in the mineral salt group. B2 receptor density decreased in the renal medulla by 26% (p<0.01) in the 6% @entity1219 group, and decreased even more i.e., by 45% (p<0.001), in the mineral salt group. It was shown that a 6% @entity1219 or a 10.5% mineral salt loading was capable of increasing renal @entity1809 receptor density and decreasing renal B2 receptor density. An altered balance between these receptors might be associated with @entity101 under conditions of @entity1372 loading.

title: @entity1372 load increases renal angiotensin type 1 receptors and decreases XXXX type 2 receptors.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity1812 :: (MESH:D001920,Chemical) :: ['bradykinin']


abstract: The regulation of both angiotensin receptors and @entity1812 receptors during @entity1372 intake is poorly understood. We hypothesized that an altered balance between renal angiotensin type 1 ( @entity1809 ) receptors and @entity1812 type 2 (B2) receptors might contribute to an increase in blood pressure during periods of high- @entity1372 intake. We studied the effects of high- @entity1372 intake on renal @entity1809 receptors and B2 receptors in 5-6-week-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) receiving high- @entity2827 (6% @entity1219 ) or mineral salts (10.5%, composition: 57% @entity1219 , 28% @entity4338 , 12% @entity2400 ) compared to those receiving a low- @entity1372 ( @entity1219 0.125%) diet for 10 weeks. Mineral salt intake was included due to its beneficial effects on blood pressure and @entity1283 . Receptor densities were measured by quantitative autoradiography. @entity1809 receptors were quantified using incubation with 125I-Sar1-Ile8- @entity1808 and displacement was measured with @entity11083 (10 micromol/l), whereas B2 receptors were quantified using 125I-HPP-icatibant and displacement was measured with icatibant (3 micromol/l). Compared to the SHR controls, a further increase in blood pressure occurred after 2 weeks in the 6% @entity1219 group and after 6 weeks in the mineral salt group. @entity1809 receptor density increased in the renal cortex by 41% (p<0.01) in the 6% @entity1219 group and by 26% (p<0.05) in the mineral salt group. B2 receptor density decreased in the renal medulla by 26% (p<0.01) in the 6% @entity1219 group, and decreased even more i.e., by 45% (p<0.001), in the mineral salt group. It was shown that a 6% @entity1219 or a 10.5% mineral salt loading was capable of increasing renal @entity1809 receptor density and decreasing renal B2 receptor density. An altered balance between these receptors might be associated with @entity101 under conditions of @entity1372 loading.

title: XXXX load increases renal angiotensin type 1 receptors and decreases @entity1812 type 2 receptors.

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['Sodium']


abstract: PURPOSE:    To longitudinally report the changes in visual acuity (VA) and subjective visual function, 10   years after @entity231 surgery. METHODS: This population-based prospective study reviewed 335 @entity1 (85% of survivors) who underwent @entity231 surgery during a 1-year period in 1997-98, 289 of whom were also re-examined. The @entity1 underwent a routine eye examination and answered the same visual function questionnaire (VF-14), preoperatively, 4   months postoperatively, 5   years and 10   years after surgery. RESULTS: Ten years after surgery, the best corrected VA (BCVA) of the operated eye had deteriorated to a median of 0.06 (logMAR) (Snellen acuity: 20/23) from 0.046 (logMAR) (20/22) postoperatively (p   =   0.001). More than two-thirds of the @entity1 had <0.1 logMAR units worsening of BCVA compared with postoperatively. Approximately half of the @entity1 had no deterioration in subjective visual function, and 77% had 10 points decline or less. Twelve per cent of the @entity1 (42/335) had a worsening of more than 30 points. Effect size was calculated for the VF-14 total score at all three occasions of follow-up after surgery and was largest approximately 4   months postoperatively. Long-time follow-up of 10   years shows still moderate effect size. CONCLUSION:    These results confirm the effectiveness of @entity231 extraction, offering good long-term visual rehabilitation for the majority of the @entity1 . The most common cause for large functional loss after 10   years is age-related @entity1020 .

title: Extended long-term outcomes of XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new product (Neuropad repair foam(  )) in promoting skin hydration of the foot in type 2 @entity6 . Included in this study were 20 type 2 @entity6 @entity1 (10 @entity1 , mean age 61  40    2  44 years). @entity1 applied Neuropad repair foam(  ) on the plantar aspect of the right foot twice daily. No agent was applied on the left foot. @entity1 were examined at baseline, after 7 treatment days and after 14 treatment days. Evaluation of skin dryness was performed by means of the Multi Skin test Corneometer MC 900. In the right foot, skin capacitance was 26  55    4  14 arbitrary units (a.u.) at baseline, 28  90    4  53 a.u. after 7 days of treatment and 32  05    4  54 a.u. after 14 days of treatment. There was a significant increase in skin capacitance from baseline to 7 days of treatment (P < 0  001), from baseline to 14 treatment days (P < 0  001), as well as from 7 to 14 days of treatment (P < 0  001). The same significant (P < 0  001) increases were observed both in @entity1 and in @entity1 . No changes were noted in the left foot. At baseline, there was no difference in skin capacitance between right and left foot (P = 0  186). However, skin capacitance was significantly higher on the right versus left foot, both after 7 days (P < 0  001) and after 14 days of treatment (P < 0  001). In conclusion, results with the new foam appear encouraging in ameliorating skin dryness in the @entity6 foot and further investigation is warranted.

title: Evaluation of a new foam to increase skin hydration of the foot in type 2 XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: As deep soft tissue defects with exposed bone, cartilage or tendons are not suitable for wound closure with skin mesh grafts, other techniques are needed. We report on six @entity1 , one female and five males, aged between 32 and 89 years, and deep soft tissue defects with exposed tendons, cartilage or bone. The aetiology of these defects was vascular (n = 3), @entity5 surgery (2), and post-traumatic (1). Wounds were treated with a collagen- @entity2362 matrix applied above the exposed structures. In five @entity1 , the procedure was combined with mesh graft transplantation in the same setting. Follow-up varied between 12 and 40 weeks. Wound healing was uncomplicated in all transplanted @entity1 until first dressing change after 7 days. All but one transplant showed a 100% take rate and the transplant was stable within 10-14 days. A complete wound closure was also achieved without transplantation, but this took 8 weeks. No adverse effects were noted. There was no skin contracture of the skin grafts. Collagen- @entity2362 matrix with split-thickness skin grafts is a useful tool in deep soft tissue. The time to heal can be reduced.

title: Use of a collagen- XXXX matrix for hard to treat soft tissue defects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity2362 :: (2006,Gene) :: ['elastin']


abstract: Rotational and angular problems are two types of @entity66 common in @entity1 . Rotational problems include intoeing and out-toeing. Intoeing is caused by one of three @entity85 : metatarsus adductus, internal tibial torsion, and @entity2096 . Out-toeing is less common than intoeing, and its causes are similar but opposite to those of intoeing. These include @entity2096 and external tibial torsion. Angular problems include @entity13809 . An accurate diagnosis can be made with careful history and physical examination, which includes torsional profile (a four-component composite of measurements of the lower extremities). Charts of normal values and values with two standard deviations for each component of the torsional profile are available. In most cases, the abnormality improves with time. A careful physical examination, explanation of the natural history, and serial measurements are usually reassuring to the parents. Treatment is usually conservative. Special shoes, cast, or braces are rarely beneficial and have no proven efficacy. Surgery is reserved for older @entity1 with deformity from three to four standard deviations from the normal.

title: Lower extremity abnormalities in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity13809 :: ('MESH:D056304', 'Disease') :: ['bowlegs and knock-knees']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['types of deformity']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['increased femoral anteversion', 'femoral retroversion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Severe symptomatic @entity3251 rarely occurs after the maternal primary infection of @entity3204 . We herein report our experience of fetal therapy of symptomatic @entity3252 using @entity4580 . Ultrasound assessment at 23 weeks' gestation revealed @entity2241 , @entity299 , @entity1283 , enlarged lateral ventricles and thickened placenta. Serum @entity3204 gondii antibody titer was  81,920. @entity3204 immunoglobulin M was 2.4 index (normal, <0.8 index), and immunoglobulin G was >= 240 IU/mL (normal, <6 IU/mL). Maternal oral administration of @entity4580 in addition to @entity9230 , @entity4765 and @entity72696 was conducted. Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred at 32 weeks and a male @entity1 weighing 2036 g was born. @entity828 , @entity6519 , @entity1276 , intracranial calcifications, @entity843 , and @entity693 were confirmed after birth. The @entity1 underwent therapy with @entity4765 and @entity4766 . It seems imperative to establish a new drug choice for fetal therapy of severe symptomatic @entity3252 in order to reduce the maternal and fetal risks of drug side-effects.

title: Fetal therapy of severe symptomatic XXXX using @entity4580 .

entities_list: @entity72696 :: ('MESH:C033163', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylspiramycin']

entities_list: @entity4766 :: ('MESH:D013411', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity9230 :: ('MESH:D013413', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity6519 :: ('MESH:D002825', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinitis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac effusion']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['fetal toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal ascites']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['toxoplasmosis']


abstract: Severe symptomatic @entity3251 rarely occurs after the maternal primary infection of @entity3204 . We herein report our experience of fetal therapy of symptomatic @entity3252 using @entity4580 . Ultrasound assessment at 23 weeks' gestation revealed @entity2241 , @entity299 , @entity1283 , enlarged lateral ventricles and thickened placenta. Serum @entity3204 gondii antibody titer was  81,920. @entity3204 immunoglobulin M was 2.4 index (normal, <0.8 index), and immunoglobulin G was >= 240 IU/mL (normal, <6 IU/mL). Maternal oral administration of @entity4580 in addition to @entity9230 , @entity4765 and @entity72696 was conducted. Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred at 32 weeks and a male @entity1 weighing 2036 g was born. @entity828 , @entity6519 , @entity1276 , intracranial calcifications, @entity843 , and @entity693 were confirmed after birth. The @entity1 underwent therapy with @entity4765 and @entity4766 . It seems imperative to establish a new drug choice for fetal therapy of severe symptomatic @entity3252 in order to reduce the maternal and fetal risks of drug side-effects.

title: Fetal therapy of severe symptomatic @entity3252 using XXXX .

answer: @entity4580 :: (MESH:D017963,Chemical) :: ['azithromycin']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) is a gaseous neurotransmitter which plays an important role in neuronal signalling and plasticity throughout the brain. In the cerebellum, @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ) is expressed in parallel fibres and within the internal granule cell layer (IGL). During development there are changes in @entity1382 concentration, distribution and activity within the IGL, suggesting NO may play a role in IGL function. Therefore, the actions of NO in the IGL were investigated. The similar actions of a range of @entity1382 inhibitors and NO scavengers strongly suggested the presence of a tonic level of endogenous NO in the IGL. Both the neuronal and inducible forms of @entity1382 appeared to be sources of this endogenous NO. The effects observed following a reduction in the concentration of endogenous NO were consistent with enhanced granule cell GABAA receptor activation. For example, a reduction in NO concentration led to an increase in the frequency of action potential-dependent phasic GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) and produced a @entity4524 -insensitive GABAA receptor-mediated current. A direct action of NO on Golgi cell membrane potential and input resistance accounted for the increase in the frequency of phasic @entity1246 release. The mechanism underlying the tonic @entity1246 current is unclear but does not appear to be via the modulation of @entity1246 uptake or the activation of nicotinic @entity934 receptors. NO is a potentially novel mechanism for tuning GABAergic signalling to granule cells and therefore modulating the throughput of an important cerebellar circuit.

title: Endogenous XXXX modulates GABAergic transmission to granule cells in adult rat cerebellum.

entities_list: @entity1382 :: ('MESH:D020159', 'Disease') :: ['NOS', 'NO synthase']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: AIMS: We piloted a motivational and solution-focused therapy group intervention to improve glycaemic control in young @entity1 11-17 years with poorly controlled Type 1 @entity6 (mean annual HbA1c >8.5%). METHODS: Seventy-seven subjects agreed to be assessed for a pilot non-randomized controlled trial. Subjects completed psychological questionnaires and were given feedback designed to encourage entry into the intervention. Twenty-one young @entity1 opted to enter the intervention groups (cases). Two intervention groups consisting of five to six subjects were conducted in each age band 10-13 years and 14-17 years. Twenty of those who did not opt to join the groups were randomly selected to act as controls. Cases and controls were well matched for age, HbA1c, duration of @entity6 and socio-economic status. RESULTS: The intervention produced a significant improvement of 1.5% in @entity4051 c in cases (P<0.05) at 4-6 months post intervention compared with no change in controls. This improvement was partly maintained at 7-12 months post intervention. CONCLUSIONS: These pilot data suggest that a motivational/solution-focused group intervention is promising in improving HbA1c in adolescents and should be investigated further in a randomized controlled trial.

title: Motivational/solution-focused intervention improves HbA1c in adolescents with Type 1 XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Lack of access to medical information for nursing home residents during @entity341 ( @entity341 ) evaluation is a barrier to quality care. We hypothesized that the quantity of information available in the @entity341 differs based on the funding source of the resident's nursing home. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: Single academic @entity341 . @entity1 : @entity1 were 128 skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents age 65 or older from 12 SNFs. MEASUREMENTS: Emergency physicians documented knowledge of 9 essential information items. SNFs were categorized as accepting or not accepting Medicaid. RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed for 128 @entity1 , of whom 95 (74%) were from 1 of 8 Medicaid-funded SNFs and 33 (26%) were from 1 of 4 SNFs not accepting Medicaid. @entity1 from SNFs accepting Medicaid were younger (79 versus 87, P < .001) and less frequently white (62% versus 97%, P < .001). The mean number of 9 possible information items available was lower for @entity1 from SNFs that accept Medicaid (7.13 versus 8.15, P < .001). Emergency providers also reported lower satisfaction regarding access to information for residents from SNFs that accept Medicaid (P < .05). The association between residence in an SNF that accepts Medicaid and lower @entity341 information scores remained after linear regression with clustering by SNF controlling for age, gender, and race. The most common source of information for residents from both types of SNFs was transfer papers from the SNF. CONCLUSION: Less information is available to @entity341 providers for @entity1 from SNFs that accept Medicaid than for residents from SNFs that do not accept Medicaid. Further study is needed to examine this information gap.

title: Nursing home revenue source and information availability during the XXXX evaluation of nursing home residents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (nRCT) in advanced @entity189 (cT4a), the prospectively collected data of all @entity1 treated by extended multivisceral resections during the last 16 years were analysed. METHODS: Between 1985 and 2000, 113 @entity1 with clinical T4a @entity189 (invasion of adjacent organs or structures), were treated by extended multivisceral surgery. In 1995 nRCT was introduced as a standardized treatment modality in cT4a @entity189 and applied in 32 @entity1 . Six weeks after completion of nRCT, resection was performed. In all @entity1 at least one additional organ was removed because of clinically evident @entity5 infiltration. In one third of @entity1 (36/113) more than one organ had to be removed. RESULTS: The rate of curative (R0) resections was 89% (101/113). It was similar in @entity1 with and without nRCT (91 vs. 89%). In 40 (35%) @entity1 histopathological examination could verify @entity5 invasion in adjacent organs (34% with vs. 36% without nRCT). The 3-year rate of locoregional recurrence after R0-resection was 12.7%. In multivariate Cox regression analysis the regional lymph node status was the most important prognostic factor (relative risk 5.8, P = 0.007). Neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment reduced the risk by factor 0.4 (P = 0.211). The 3-year cancer-related survival rate of all @entity1 with curative resection was 72.9%. It was 89.4% in the series treated with nRCT, while it was only 66.7% in @entity1 with neither neoadjuvant nor adjuvant therapy. The relative risk for @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 was 7.0 (P < 0.001) while it was only 0.2 in @entity1 treated with nRCT (P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Together with curative extended multivisceral resection nRCT can improve prognosis in @entity1 with advanced @entity189 (cT4a).

title: Can neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy improve the results of multivisceral resections in advanced XXXX (cT4a).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of coexisting @entity14 in @entity31 in a population of @entity1 undergoing ileal pouch anal @entity254 . The frequency of @entity5 in this population, surgical intervention, general outcomes and @entity5 recurrence are described. METHODS: Data on 1850 @entity1 undergoing restorative proctocolectomy from 1983 to 2001 were reviewed. Information was gathered from data in the department's pelvic pouch database, as well as pathology and surgical reports. Follow-up questionnaires routinely sent to @entity1 as part of the database were included in the analysis to determine current functional status. Mean follow-up period was 7.5 years after surgery. RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 had coexisting @entity14 at time of IPAA. 7 (10%) of @entity5 were incidental. Pre-operative duration of disease was 18.6 years. Twenty-six of the @entity5 were @entity5 . The most common form of @entity254 in the @entity5 was mucosectomy, especially in pre-operatively known @entity5 or low lying @entity1141 . Preferred surgical technique for @entity5 in mucosal @entity31 ( @entity31 ) included high ligation of mesenteric vessels with radical colectomy and taped occlusion of the rectum with irrigation of the rectal stump with Turnbull solution prior to mucosectomy. @entity1 with Stage 3 @entity5 received postoperative chemotherapy. Post-operative radiation therapy was not commonly recommended. Five of 70 @entity1 were deceased from metastatic @entity694 ; 55 @entity1 were confirmed alive with good to excellent pouch function with a follow-up range of 1-17 years. CONCLUSION: Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal @entity254 is a successful surgical approach for @entity1 with coexisting @entity14 in @entity31 . When the appropriate surgical technique is used in @entity1 with @entity694 , along with adjuvant chemotherapy when appropriate, prognosis and function is very good.

title: @entity5 and XXXX : does it change the therapeutic approach?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'rectal cancers', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon or rectal cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of coexisting @entity14 in @entity31 in a population of @entity1 undergoing ileal pouch anal @entity254 . The frequency of @entity5 in this population, surgical intervention, general outcomes and @entity5 recurrence are described. METHODS: Data on 1850 @entity1 undergoing restorative proctocolectomy from 1983 to 2001 were reviewed. Information was gathered from data in the department's pelvic pouch database, as well as pathology and surgical reports. Follow-up questionnaires routinely sent to @entity1 as part of the database were included in the analysis to determine current functional status. Mean follow-up period was 7.5 years after surgery. RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 had coexisting @entity14 at time of IPAA. 7 (10%) of @entity5 were incidental. Pre-operative duration of disease was 18.6 years. Twenty-six of the @entity5 were @entity5 . The most common form of @entity254 in the @entity5 was mucosectomy, especially in pre-operatively known @entity5 or low lying @entity1141 . Preferred surgical technique for @entity5 in mucosal @entity31 ( @entity31 ) included high ligation of mesenteric vessels with radical colectomy and taped occlusion of the rectum with irrigation of the rectal stump with Turnbull solution prior to mucosectomy. @entity1 with Stage 3 @entity5 received postoperative chemotherapy. Post-operative radiation therapy was not commonly recommended. Five of 70 @entity1 were deceased from metastatic @entity694 ; 55 @entity1 were confirmed alive with good to excellent pouch function with a follow-up range of 1-17 years. CONCLUSION: Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal @entity254 is a successful surgical approach for @entity1 with coexisting @entity14 in @entity31 . When the appropriate surgical technique is used in @entity1 with @entity694 , along with adjuvant chemotherapy when appropriate, prognosis and function is very good.

title: XXXX and @entity31 : does it change the therapeutic approach?

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Attempts to identify the characteristics of @entity3119 @entity1 with poor insight have not produced a coherent picture. This may be related to the wide variety of the available insight assessment tools. The study aimed to compare five principal measure for assessing insight in @entity3119 and to investigate the relationships between insight and central demographic and clinical variables. METHODS: Sixty outpatients diagnosed with @entity3119 (36 @entity1 , 24 @entity1 ) were assessed with the following insight measures: DSM-IV insight criterion, Over-Valued Ideas Scale (OVIS), Item 11 of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS) and Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS). RESULTS: Correlation coefficients indicated high correspondence between all insight measures with the exception of the BCIS. At the same time, the relations of the various insight measures with demographic and clinical variables were distinctive and in some cases measure-specific. The most robust correlation was between insight and current medical treatment, so that medicated @entity1 showed higher insight levels on most insight measures compared to non-medicated @entity1 . Some insight measures were correlated with co-morbidity, onset age and gender. Insight levels did not correlate with @entity3119 symptom severity. LIMITATIONS: Limitations of this study include its cross-sectional design, modest sample size and an incomplete representation of the available insight measures. CONCLUSIONS: The diversity of measures used in previous studies cannot account for the inconsistent findings on the role of insight in @entity3119 .

title: Insight in XXXX : a comparative study of insight measures in an Israeli clinical sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: This study investigates biofiltration for the removal of dissolved organic @entity505 (DOC), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and for the reduction of non-specific @entity137 expressed as baseline @entity137 equivalent concentration (baseline-TEQ). Two filtering media, sand and granular activated @entity505 , were tested. The influence of pre-ozonation and empty-bed contact time (EBCT, from 30 to 120 min) was determined. The experiments were performed at a pilot-scale with real WWTP effluent. A previous study showed that biological activity had developed on the filtering media and dissolved organic removal had reached a steady state before sampling commenced. The results show that biological activated @entity505 (BAC) has a good potential for the removal of @entity4420 (35-60%), PPCPs (>90%) and baseline-TEQ (28-68%) even without pre-ozonation. On the contrary, the sand shows limited improvement of effluent quality. Varying the EBCT does not influence the performance of the BAC filters; however, dissolved @entity26 concentration could be a limiting factor. The performances of the BAC filters were stable for over two years suggesting that the main mechanism of organic matter and PPCPs removal is biodegradation. It is concluded that BAC filtration without pre-ozonation could be implemented as a low cost advanced treatment option to improve WWTP effluent chemical quality.

title: Biofiltration of wastewater treatment plant effluent: effective removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and reduction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is generally considered effective against @entity308 , it remains controversial because of its association with retrograde @entity2414 . Here, we assessed memory after ECT in circumstances most likely to yield strong @entity5186 . METHOD: A cohort of @entity1 undergoing ECT for major @entity308 was tested before and after ECT, and again at 3-months follow-up. Included were 21 @entity1 scheduled to undergo bilateral ECT for @entity308 and 135 controls matched for gender, age, education, and media consumption. Two memory tests were used: a verbal learning test to assess anterograde memory function, and a remote memory test that assessed memory for news during the course of one year. RESULTS: Before ECT the @entity1 ' scores were lower than those of controls. They were lower again after treatment, suggesting @entity5186 . At follow-up, however, memory for events before treatment had returned to the pre-ECT level. Memory for events in the months after treatment was as good as that of controls. LIMITATIONS: The sample size in this study was not large. Moreover, @entity2414 did not correlate with level of @entity308 , which may be due to restriction of range. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with the possibility that ECT as currently practiced does not cause significant lasting @entity5186 , but that @entity2730 is mostly temporary and related to the period of impairment immediately following ECT.

title: Retrograde XXXX after electroconvulsive therapy: a temporary effect?

entities_list: @entity5186 :: ('MESH:D000648', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde amnesia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['severe major depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss', 'memory impairment']

answer: @entity2730 :: (MESH:D000647,Disease) :: ['amnesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity697 is the most common abdominal emergency in @entity1 and young adults. There are a lot of @entity750 -containing cells in the appendix, which release @entity750 into the bloodstream in response to @entity32 . Consequently, @entity750 is converted to @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) and secreted into the urine. On this basis, urinary @entity5581 could be a marker for @entity697 . In this study, we investigated the value of @entity5581 levels in spot urine in the diagnosis of @entity697 . METHODS: The urinary @entity5581 was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the spot urine of 70 @entity1 who presented to the emergency department with a clinical picture of @entity697 . Urine concentration results were correlated to final histopathologic reports, and the diagnostic value of this factor was measured. RESULTS: Diagnosis of @entity698 was confirmed by histopathologic reports in 59 of 70 @entity1 with presumptive diagnosis of @entity698 . Considering 5.25 mg/L as the cutoff point for urinary @entity5581 , 28 @entity1 had high urinary @entity5581 levels, whereas 42 @entity1 had values within reference range. The sensitivity and specificity of this test was 44% and 81%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of urinary @entity5581 levels is not an ideal diagnostic tool for ruling out or determination of @entity697 .

title: Is urinary @entity1130 helpful for early diagnosis of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity697 is the most common abdominal emergency in @entity1 and young adults. There are a lot of @entity750 -containing cells in the appendix, which release @entity750 into the bloodstream in response to @entity32 . Consequently, @entity750 is converted to @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) and secreted into the urine. On this basis, urinary @entity5581 could be a marker for @entity697 . In this study, we investigated the value of @entity5581 levels in spot urine in the diagnosis of @entity697 . METHODS: The urinary @entity5581 was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the spot urine of 70 @entity1 who presented to the emergency department with a clinical picture of @entity697 . Urine concentration results were correlated to final histopathologic reports, and the diagnostic value of this factor was measured. RESULTS: Diagnosis of @entity698 was confirmed by histopathologic reports in 59 of 70 @entity1 with presumptive diagnosis of @entity698 . Considering 5.25 mg/L as the cutoff point for urinary @entity5581 , 28 @entity1 had high urinary @entity5581 levels, whereas 42 @entity1 had values within reference range. The sensitivity and specificity of this test was 44% and 81%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of urinary @entity5581 levels is not an ideal diagnostic tool for ruling out or determination of @entity697 .

title: Is urinary XXXX helpful for early diagnosis of @entity697 ?

answer: @entity1130 :: (CHEBI:27823,Chemical) :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced soft @entity242 (LASTS), although not standard, represents a promising option for resectable @entity5 . Current lack of biological predictors of chemotherapy response led us to establish a relationship between Topoisomerase II-alpha (Topo2A), @entity1722 , @entity11833 ( @entity11833 ) protein expression, histological response and clinical outcomes of LASTS @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study based on clinical data and archival paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissue at diagnosis from 78 consecutive LASTS @entity1 treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in our institution enabled analysis of @entity11833 , @entity1722 and Topo2A protein expression by immuno-histochemistry. RESULTS: Disease free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 48% and 64%, respectively. The annual risk of relapse increased with a higher percentage of residual identifiable cells (RIC). A higher Topo2A protein was associated with an improved rate of good HR (r=0.416) and with a decreased risk of relapse. Median DFS decreased with low Topo2A (p   0.042). The @entity11833 status had no impact on histological response while @entity11833 positive @entity5 correlated with a favourable @entity1349 (p  <= 0.058). @entity1 with LASTS co-expressing Topo2A and @entity11833 had a significant better outcome (p=0.018). Topo2A was the only independent variable linked to a good HR (p  <= 0.017); histological grade 3 was the only independent adverse prognostic variable linked to both DFS (p  <= 0.04) and @entity1349 (p  <= 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: While histological response predicts better DFS, Topo2A protein expression correlates with histological response and better DFS. The combination of an early predictive factor for chemosensitivity (Topo2A) and for survival ( @entity11833 ) highlights the possibility to develop individualised therapeutic approaches (CONTICANET program).

title: Topoisomerase II-alpha protein expression and histological response following doxorubicin-based induction chemotherapy predict survival of locally advanced soft tissues XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity11833 :: ('2067', 'Gene') :: ['excision repair cross-complementing group 1', 'ERCC1']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cutting the intersegmental plane by using a stapler during segmentectomy might interfere with the expansion of the preserved lung due to visceral pleura caught in a staple line, especially in a large regional segmentectomy, such as left upper division or basal segmentectomy. We compared the preserved lung volume after segmentectomy among the methods using stapler, sharp dissection, and their combination for cutting the intersegmental plane in ex vivo @entity1707 lungs. We also examined a covering effect of @entity6886 mesh and fibrin glue. METHODS: To assume a large regional segmentectomy in clinical practice, segments of the left caudal lobe except the lateral segment 2 (L2 segment) were resected, and the lung volume of the preserved L2 segment was measured. The intersegmental plane was cut by the following three methods: (1) stapler (n = 8); (2) scissors (n = 8); and (3) the combined method, that is, cutting the shallow lung tissue with scissors and the deep one with stapler (n = 8). The opened intersegmental plane was covered with @entity6886 mesh and fibrin glue. The air leakage was checked by injecting air through the bronchus at pressures of up to 30 cm @entity2507 . Thereafter, normal saline was injected through the bronchus at pressures of 10, 20, and 30 cm @entity2507 , to measure lung volumes by the volume-displacement method. RESULTS: @entity6886 mesh and fibrin glue prevented air leakage completely at up to 30 cm @entity2507 . At the saline injection pressures of 10, 20, and 30 cm @entity2507 , the mean volumes of L2 segment were 72    14, 96    14, and 109    26 ml with the stapler; 86    11, 117    19, and 135    39 ml with scissors; and 98    10, 140    20, and 155    40 ml with the combined methods, respectively. The volume of the preserved L2 segment was significantly lower with the stapler method than with either the scissors or combined method at each pressure (p < 0.01). The difference was not significant between the scissors and combined methods. CONCLUSIONS: Coverage with @entity6886 mesh and fibrin glue prevented air leakage from the opened intersegmental plane. The stapler interferes with the expansion of preserved lung in comparison to scissors or combined methods in a large regional segmentectomy.

title: Effect of cutting technique at the intersegmental plane during segmentectomy on expansion of the preserved segment: comparison between staplers and scissors in ex vivo XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid', 'Polyglycolic acid']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to assess whether eye dominance may change after @entity231 surgery. METHODS: This is a prospective case series. @entity231 surgery candidates were examined prior to surgery for best-corrected visual acuity, eye dominance, and handedness. @entity1 with ocular conditions that may affect visual acuity were excluded from the study. A month following surgery, best-corrected visual acuity and eye dominance examinations were repeated. RESULTS: The study included 33 @entity1 with a mean age of 70.5  9.4 years. Eighteen @entity1 (54.5%) had right eye dominance. Following surgery, seven @entity1 (21.2%) had a change in eye dominance. The change in dominance was linked to improved visual acuity in the operated eye and to a younger age, although with no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: This is the first study reported in the literature to show that ocular dominance is a plastic characteristic following @entity231 surgeries. The results may change the importance given to eye dominance measurement prior to surgeries that rely on this examination, such as monovision surgeries.

title: The effect of XXXX surgery on ocular dominance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract', 'Cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between physical activity, @entity209 ( @entity209 ), and the risk of future @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and mortality due to @entity301 in middle-aged @entity1 and @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: A total of 10,134 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 45-79 years at baseline, were selected from the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort. @entity65 factors and physical activity levels were recorded at baseline. Rates of @entity301 and @entity301 mortality were recorded during a follow-up of 10.9 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity209 was 37.6% in @entity1 and 30.2% in @entity1 . Hazard ratios (HRs) for future @entity301 were 1.95 (95% CI 1.65-2.31) for @entity1 with @entity209 and 3.17 (95% CI 2.53-3, 97) for @entity1 with @entity209 , compared to those without @entity209 . HRs adjusted for age and smoking were 1.52 (95% CI 1.29-1.81) for @entity1 and 1.76 (95% CI 1.39-2.23) for @entity1 . Additional adjustment for physical activity did not attenuate these risk estimates further [HRs 1.51 (95% CI 1.27-1.79) and 1.74 (95% CI 1.38-2.21), respectively]. @entity301 risk associated with @entity209 was substantially lower among @entity1 who were physically active. There was no longer a significant difference in @entity301 event rate between @entity1 with @entity209 who were active and @entity1 without @entity209 who were inactive (11.5% vs. 12.8%). For @entity1 , similar associations were observed (5.3% vs. 5.6%). We found evidence for significant effect modification (p for interaction   =   0.006) such that physical activity affected the association between @entity209 and @entity301 risk. CONCLUSION: Middle-aged @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity209 have an increased risk for future @entity301 . This @entity301 risk associated with @entity209 is substantially lower among those who are physically active. @entity1 with @entity209 who were physically active had a lower @entity301 risk than @entity1 without @entity209 who were physically inactive.

title: Physical activity, XXXX , and coronary risk: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Wellness Beyond @entity5 Program (wbcp) was launched in 2012, first accepting @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and, subsequently, those with @entity0 ( @entity0 ), with the aim of standardizing and streamlining the discharge process from our @entity5 centre. @entity1 are discharged either to the wbcp nurse practitioner or to their primary care provider (pcp). The program incorporates survivorship care plans (scps) and education classes; it also has a rapid re-entry system in case of recurrence. The objective of this paper is to describe the process by which a @entity5 survivorship program was developed at our institution and to present preliminary evaluation results. METHODS: Qualitative surveys were mailed to @entity1 and pcps 1 year after @entity1 had been referred to the wbcp. The surveys addressed knowledge of the program content, satisfaction on the part of @entity1 and providers, and whether scp recommendations were followed. Questions were scored on the level of agreement with each of a list of statements (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). RESULTS: From March 2012 to November 2014, 2630 @entity1 were referred to the wbcp (809 with @entity14 , 1821 with @entity0 ). Surveys were received from 289 @entity1 and 412 pcps. @entity1 and pcps gave similar scores (average: 4) to statements about satisfaction; pcps gave scores below 4 to statements about communication with the wbcp. CONCLUSIONS: At 1 year after discharge, @entity1 and pcps were satisfied with program content, but there is an opportunity to improve on communication and provision of @entity5 -specific information to the pcps. Using the wbcp to ensure a safe transition to the most appropriate health care provider, we have standardized the discharge process for @entity14 and @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Wellness Beyond XXXX Program: building an effective survivorship program.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['bca', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['crc', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity322 is a major problem faced by many mothers and has been traditionally linked to diverse ways of delivery. However, there is still a lack of clinical data, which can corroborate this notion. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the correlation of @entity322 developed in @entity1 under different modes of delivery that have been used during childbirth. The study was conducted by considering three ways of delivery such as vaginal, cesarean section and the use of instruments during childbirth. The results were compared in each group in terms of number of @entity1 that developed or experienced @entity322 with those who have no problem at all or have minor problems. METHODS: The study was conducted at Qassim University Clinic, and Maternity and @entity1 Hospital Buraidah from Jan-May 2015 as a descriptive cross sectional study. The objective was to determine the core reasons as to why @entity1 tend to develop some @entity322 after delivery. First 111 @entity1 without @entity322 and 100 @entity1 with @entity322 were asked retrospectively about the number of vaginal deliveries they had underwent. Then another group (111 without @entity322 and 100 with urinary continence were asked about the number of instrumental deliveries they had undegone. The same was repeated (111 @entity1 without @entity322 and 100 with @entity322 ) for @entity1 with cesarean section. RESULTS: Having five or more vaginal births had a significantly (p<0.001) high risk for development of @entity322 (n=74, 66.67%) as compared to no @entity322 (n=8, 8.0%). In the group who had no cesarean section, there was a significantly (p <0 .001) larger proportion of @entity1 with urinary problems (n = 100, 90.09%) than those without urinary problems (n = 61, 61.0%). For @entity1 who have had an instrumental delivery, there was a significantly (p =0 .014) larger proportion of @entity1 with urinary problems (n = 22, 19.82%) than those without urinary problems (n = 8, 8.0%). However, for @entity1 that have not had an instrumental delivery, there was a significantly larger amount of @entity1 without urinary problems than those with urinary problems (p <0 .001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with 5 or more vaginal deliveries as well as instrumental deliveries were more liable to develop @entity322 in this study. This may be because vaginal deliveries and instrumental deliveries lead to perineal damage. This is further supported by the results of this study showing that @entity1 who never had cesarean section were more likely to report @entity322 .

title: Relationship between mode of delivery and development of XXXX : A possible link is demonstrated.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'Urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: A double-blind, within- @entity1 trial was carried out to compare intramuscular @entity6882 100 mg, epidural @entity6882 50 mg and epidural @entity1341 25 mg for @entity158 relief on the day after caesarean section or lower abdominal gynaecological surgery. @entity1337 was assessed on a visual analogue @entity158 scale. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1.0) and venous plasma @entity2922 levels were measured immediately before and approximately thirty minutes after each treatment. At the completion of the study the treatments were ranked in order of @entity1 preference. Nineteen @entity1 completed the trial. @entity1337 provided by epidural @entity6882 50 mg was superior to intramuscular @entity6882 100 mg (p less than 0.05) but not statistically better than epidural @entity1341 . There was no significant difference in the duration of @entity1337 between the active treatments. A mean increase in FEV 1.0 of 18% occurred after both of the epidural treatments, but this did not achieve statistical significance. There was no significant change in @entity2922 levels after any of the treatments. Epidural @entity6882 was preferred by @entity1 over and above intramuscular @entity6882 and epidural @entity1341 (p less than 0.05).

title: A comparative study of techniques of postoperative XXXX following caesarean section and lower abdominal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: The overall results of the WHO International Registry for the Prenatal Monitoring of @entity14451 are summarized in Tables 11 and 12. Comparison of data regarding adequacy of samples, and freedom from errors and from fetal losses show that the chance of a couple obtaining a useful result is greater than 90%, whether fetal flood is sampled because the fetus is at risk for a @entity8453 or another disease, or fetal DNA is obtained for globin gene analysis. Each approach serves as a model for the others. Fetal blood sampling technology has been improved because of the need for entirely pure samples for diseases requiring specimens other than red cells. The advances in obtaining fetal cells early in pregnancy and extraction of DNA will soon be applied to diseases other than @entity8453 (such as @entity447 and @entity3986 ) as molecular probes become available. More than 6000 fetuses have now been examined in utero, 5617 for all @entity8453 using fetal blood or DNA, and 5921 for all disorders using fetal blood (Table 12). The total reported to the Registry by the end of 1983 was 6282 cases. At the moment, the only choices when an affected fetus is detected are termination of the pregnancy, or delivery of a @entity1 known to have a serious and sometimes life-threatening illness. However, early diagnosis will lead to early treatment of such @entity1 , thereby offering a better prognosis. When specific treatment such as gene therapy becomes available, fetal diagnosis will identify the appropriate cases in utero. Although this approach is currently speculative, it is an area of great interest and endeavor. Thus, prenatal diagnosis of @entity8453 has led to the development of fetal diagnosis of many @entity74 , and resulted in techniques for obtaining fetal blood or DNA specimens. In addition to these scientific advances, it has also led to the control of @entity2395 in certain geographic areas in which the public health burden involved in the management of such cases is overwhelming. Reduction of the number of newborn thalassemics is a necessity in some places, because appropriate care has not been possible, and the lifespan of affected individuals is significantly shortened or at least uncertain. All approaches to management of this disease are relevant, including improved treatment, specific therapy, and prenatal diagnosis. Each country and each family must determine for itself where to place the emphasis.

title: Antenatal diagnosis of XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilias']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathy', 'hemoglobinopathies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity14451 :: ('MESH:D000745', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary Anemias']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['thalassemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hormonal ablation is the standard of treatment for advanced @entity342 -dependent @entity263 . Although @entity5 regression is usually achieved at first, the @entity5 inevitably evolves toward @entity342 -independence, in part because of the development of mechanisms of resistance and in part because at the tissue level @entity342 withdrawal is not fully attained. Current research efforts are focused on new therapeutic strategies that will increase the effectiveness of @entity342 withdrawal and delay recurrence. We used a syngeneic pseudo-orthotropic @entity19 model of @entity263 to test the efficacy of combining @entity342 withdrawal with FDA-approved @entity10178 inhibitor @entity12698 . METHODS: GFP-tagged @entity19 cells were co-implanted with prostate tissue in the dorsal chamber model and @entity5 were allowed to establish and vascularize. @entity5 growth and angiogenesis were monitored in real-time using fluorescent intravital microscopy (IVM). @entity342 withdrawal in @entity19 was achieved using surgical castration or chemical hormonal ablation, alone or in combination with @entity12698 (15   mg/kg, twice daily). RESULTS: @entity12698 alone decreased the growth of @entity263 mostly by inducing @entity177 , which resulted in increased apoptosis. Surprisingly, @entity12698 did not possess significant angiostatic activity. Surgical or chemical castration prevented the growth of @entity263 and this, on the other hand, was associated with disruption of the @entity5 vasculature. Finally, @entity342 withdrawal combined with @entity12698 caused @entity5 regression through decreased angiogenesis and @entity1167 and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: @entity12698 , a relatively safe @entity10178 -selective anti-inflammatory drug, significantly increases the efficacy of @entity342 withdrawal in vivo and warrants further investigation as a complement therapy for advanced @entity263 .

title: @entity263 upon combination of hormone ablation therapy and XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic failure']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['increased mitosis arrest']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hormonal ablation is the standard of treatment for advanced @entity342 -dependent @entity263 . Although @entity5 regression is usually achieved at first, the @entity5 inevitably evolves toward @entity342 -independence, in part because of the development of mechanisms of resistance and in part because at the tissue level @entity342 withdrawal is not fully attained. Current research efforts are focused on new therapeutic strategies that will increase the effectiveness of @entity342 withdrawal and delay recurrence. We used a syngeneic pseudo-orthotropic @entity19 model of @entity263 to test the efficacy of combining @entity342 withdrawal with FDA-approved @entity10178 inhibitor @entity12698 . METHODS: GFP-tagged @entity19 cells were co-implanted with prostate tissue in the dorsal chamber model and @entity5 were allowed to establish and vascularize. @entity5 growth and angiogenesis were monitored in real-time using fluorescent intravital microscopy (IVM). @entity342 withdrawal in @entity19 was achieved using surgical castration or chemical hormonal ablation, alone or in combination with @entity12698 (15   mg/kg, twice daily). RESULTS: @entity12698 alone decreased the growth of @entity263 mostly by inducing @entity177 , which resulted in increased apoptosis. Surprisingly, @entity12698 did not possess significant angiostatic activity. Surgical or chemical castration prevented the growth of @entity263 and this, on the other hand, was associated with disruption of the @entity5 vasculature. Finally, @entity342 withdrawal combined with @entity12698 caused @entity5 regression through decreased angiogenesis and @entity1167 and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: @entity12698 , a relatively safe @entity10178 -selective anti-inflammatory drug, significantly increases the efficacy of @entity342 withdrawal in vivo and warrants further investigation as a complement therapy for advanced @entity263 .

title: XXXX upon combination of hormone ablation therapy and @entity12698 in vivo.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Regression of prostate tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Affiliation with delinquent peers has been shown to be a major risk factor for the development of antisocial and @entity734 behaviors in adolescence. However, little data are available concerning the developmental trajectories of deviant peer affiliation. METHOD: In this study, we have prospectively examined the density of deviant peers among the social networks of @entity1 of drug dependent fathers at age 10, and at 2 and 5 year follow-ups, and compared them with those of controls. Measures of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology were employed as time varying covariates, while @entity159 ( @entity159 ) was used as a time invariant covariate. A pattern mixture analysis of missing data was conducted. RESULTS: Using mixed effects models, we found significant main effects of time, group, externalizing psychopathology, and to lesser extent, @entity159 on the magnitude of affiliation with deviant peers. Greater deviant peer affiliation among the high-risk @entity1 was found at each time point. Externalizing psychopathology augmented the magnitude of deviant peer affiliation in both high-risk and comparison @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Offspring of drug dependent fathers have heightened affiliation with deviant peers from pre-adolescence through mid-adolescence. This social developmental process may be a component of the familial risk for @entity734 and @entity146 .

title: Affiliation with deviant peers among XXXX of substance dependent fathers from pre-adolescence into adolescence: associations with problem behaviors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial behaviors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The loss of photoreceptors during @entity2000 (RD) is known to lead to an increase in basal activity in remnant neural networks. To identify the source of activity, we combined two-photon imaging with patch-clamp techniques to examine the physiological properties of morphologically identified retinal neurons in a @entity19 model of RD ( @entity27763 ). Analysis of activity in @entity27763 ganglion cells revealed sustained oscillatory (   10 Hz) synaptic activity in    30% of all classes of cells. Oscillatory activity persisted after putative inputs from residual photoreceptor, rod bipolar cell, and inhibitory amacrine cell synapses were pharmacologically blocked, suggesting that presynaptic cone bipolar cells were intrinsically active. Examination of presynaptic @entity27763 ON and OFF bipolar cells indicated that they rested at relatively negative potentials (less than -50 mV). However, in approximately half the cone bipolar cells, @entity258 (   5 mV,    10 Hz) were apparent. Such oscillations were also observed in AII amacrine cells. Oscillations in ON cone bipolar and AII amacrine cells exhibited a weak apparent @entity734 and were resistant to blockade of synaptic receptors, suggesting that, as in wild-type retina, they form an electrically coupled network. In addition, oscillations were insensitive to blockers of voltage-gated @entity141 channels (0.5 mm @entity3280 and 0.5 mm @entity3411 ), ruling out known mechanisms that underlie oscillatory behavior in bipolar cells. Together, these results indicate that an electrically coupled network of ON cone bipolar/AII amacrine cells constitutes an intrinsic oscillator in the @entity27763 retina that is likely to drive synaptic activity in downstream circuits.

title: An intrinsic neural oscillator in the degenerating XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-amplitude membrane oscillation']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['voltage dependence']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation of standard diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) with distant metastases of @entity189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity189 (27 with distant @entity3 and 31 with no @entity3 ) were included in this study. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value from standard DWI (b values of 0 and 1000 sec/mm(2) ), Dapp , and Kapp from DKI (b values of 0, 700, 1400, and 2000 sec/mm(2) ) were acquired with a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. These quantitative parameters were calculated from the entire @entity5 . Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted to assess the utility for discrimination of @entity5 with distant @entity3 and those without @entity3 . Parameters were compared using the independent-samples t-test. RESULTS: The histogram metrics 10th percentile of Dapp (Dapp-10th ) and ADC values (ADC10th ) were significantly lower in the distant @entity3 group than those without @entity3 (972.5        118.8 vs. 1121.3        133.8   *   10(-6) mm(2) /s, P   =   0.03; 809.2        67.1 vs. 856.2        72.1   *   10(-6) mm(2) /s, P   =   0.03). Dapp-10th showed relatively higher area under the curve (AUC) (0.856 vs. 0.669, P   =   0.024), and higher specificity (100% vs. 68%) than ADC10th did for differentiation of lesions with distant @entity3 from those without @entity3 . CONCLUSION: DKI was relatively better than standard DWI in discriminating @entity189 with distant @entity3 from those without @entity3 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Correlation of standard diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging with distant metastases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: Skin allografts derived from cadaveric @entity1 donors are widely used in the treatment of serious @entity130 and other conditions, such as @entity1066 . In order to render these allografts safe for clinical use, and to enable them to be preserved and banked for long periods, effective methods of decontamination and preservation are required. These methods must not adversely affect graft properties essential for clinical performance. We have investigated the application of a @entity3879 ( @entity3880 ) disinfection protocol, coupled with preservation in either @entity653 or @entity2771 to achieve these goals. An effective decontamination procedure, comprising of a 3h exposure to 0.1% (v/v) @entity3880 in @entity1391 buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.0, was developed and had no significant detrimental effects on the structure of skin. Cadaveric skin allografts were then treated with this disinfection protocol and subsequently preserved in either 85% (v/v) @entity653 or @entity2771 in PBS, and the biological properties of the allografts thought to be essential to successful clinical performance were assessed. The @entity137 of the grafts was assessed using both extract and contact assays; damage to the skin collagen was assessed using a collagenase susceptibility assay and the capacity of the grafts to elicit an inflammatory response in vitro was assessed by quantifying the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity310 by @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes. Neither the disinfection protocol nor either of the preservation techniques rendered the grafts cytotoxic or pro-inflammatory. The @entity3880 disinfection and @entity653 preservation protocol had no effects on collagenase susceptibility, whereas the disinfection protocol in combination with @entity2771 rendered some of the test samples significantly more susceptible to collagenase digestion. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that @entity3880 disinfection combined with @entity653 preservation is suitable for skin allografts. The use of @entity2771 as a preservation agent for skin requires further development.

title: Assessment of the biological properties of @entity1 split skin allografts disinfected with XXXX and preserved in @entity653 .

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3879 :: ('MESH:D010463', 'Chemical') :: ['peracetic acid']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries']

answer: @entity3879 :: (MESH:D010463,Chemical) :: ['peracetic acid']


abstract: Skin allografts derived from cadaveric @entity1 donors are widely used in the treatment of serious @entity130 and other conditions, such as @entity1066 . In order to render these allografts safe for clinical use, and to enable them to be preserved and banked for long periods, effective methods of decontamination and preservation are required. These methods must not adversely affect graft properties essential for clinical performance. We have investigated the application of a @entity3879 ( @entity3880 ) disinfection protocol, coupled with preservation in either @entity653 or @entity2771 to achieve these goals. An effective decontamination procedure, comprising of a 3h exposure to 0.1% (v/v) @entity3880 in @entity1391 buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.0, was developed and had no significant detrimental effects on the structure of skin. Cadaveric skin allografts were then treated with this disinfection protocol and subsequently preserved in either 85% (v/v) @entity653 or @entity2771 in PBS, and the biological properties of the allografts thought to be essential to successful clinical performance were assessed. The @entity137 of the grafts was assessed using both extract and contact assays; damage to the skin collagen was assessed using a collagenase susceptibility assay and the capacity of the grafts to elicit an inflammatory response in vitro was assessed by quantifying the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity310 by @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes. Neither the disinfection protocol nor either of the preservation techniques rendered the grafts cytotoxic or pro-inflammatory. The @entity3880 disinfection and @entity653 preservation protocol had no effects on collagenase susceptibility, whereas the disinfection protocol in combination with @entity2771 rendered some of the test samples significantly more susceptible to collagenase digestion. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that @entity3880 disinfection combined with @entity653 preservation is suitable for skin allografts. The use of @entity2771 as a preservation agent for skin requires further development.

title: Assessment of the biological properties of @entity1 split skin allografts disinfected with @entity3879 and preserved in XXXX .

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['glycerol']


abstract: Skin allografts derived from cadaveric @entity1 donors are widely used in the treatment of serious @entity130 and other conditions, such as @entity1066 . In order to render these allografts safe for clinical use, and to enable them to be preserved and banked for long periods, effective methods of decontamination and preservation are required. These methods must not adversely affect graft properties essential for clinical performance. We have investigated the application of a @entity3879 ( @entity3880 ) disinfection protocol, coupled with preservation in either @entity653 or @entity2771 to achieve these goals. An effective decontamination procedure, comprising of a 3h exposure to 0.1% (v/v) @entity3880 in @entity1391 buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.0, was developed and had no significant detrimental effects on the structure of skin. Cadaveric skin allografts were then treated with this disinfection protocol and subsequently preserved in either 85% (v/v) @entity653 or @entity2771 in PBS, and the biological properties of the allografts thought to be essential to successful clinical performance were assessed. The @entity137 of the grafts was assessed using both extract and contact assays; damage to the skin collagen was assessed using a collagenase susceptibility assay and the capacity of the grafts to elicit an inflammatory response in vitro was assessed by quantifying the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity310 by @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes. Neither the disinfection protocol nor either of the preservation techniques rendered the grafts cytotoxic or pro-inflammatory. The @entity3880 disinfection and @entity653 preservation protocol had no effects on collagenase susceptibility, whereas the disinfection protocol in combination with @entity2771 rendered some of the test samples significantly more susceptible to collagenase digestion. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that @entity3880 disinfection combined with @entity653 preservation is suitable for skin allografts. The use of @entity2771 as a preservation agent for skin requires further development.

title: Assessment of the biological properties of XXXX split skin allografts disinfected with @entity3879 and preserved in @entity653 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Survival of @entity1 with testicular germ cell @entity5 has improved in recent years, mainly due to new modes of chemotherapy. We analyzed incidence, staging and survival of @entity1 diagnosed during the last ten years in Iceland and compared the results to previous studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study including all Icelandic males diagnosed during 2000-2009. Pathology reports were reviewed and the @entity5 staged (Boden-Gibb). Overall survival was estimated and @entity4797 (ST) and @entity4797 ( @entity72697 ) compared. RESULTS: 97 males were diagnosed, age-adjusted incidence being 5.9/100.000 males per year. The number of ST and @entity72697 was almost equal, and the mean age was 35.6 (range; 15-36), but @entity1 with ST were 11.5 years older compared to @entity72697 . Symptoms were similar in both groups, also @entity5 size (4.0 cm), which did not change during the study period. Most of the @entity5 were in stage I, or 78.4%, 13.4% were in stage II og 8.2% in stage III-IV. ST were diagnosed at a significantly lower stage compared to @entity72697 (91.7 versus 65.3% in stage I; p=0.003). No distant metastases were diagnosed in @entity1 with ST but in 8 @entity1 with @entity72697 . Four @entity1 died during the study period, two due to @entity72697 but no @entity1 died because of ST. Five-year survival for the whole @entity1 group was 95.1%. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity189 in Iceland is similar to neighbouring countries and has remained fairly constant for the last two decades. At the same time the number of @entity1 with @entity66 (stage I) as well as the size of the @entity5 has not changed significantly. Survival in Iceland is comparable to the best results reported elsewhere.

title: [ XXXX in Iceland 2000-2009: Incidence and survival].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['testicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas', 'non-seminomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Testicular cancer']


abstract: Cigarette smoking is the dominant risk factor for @entity2 , but only a minority of smokers ever develops @entity5 . Though genetic susceptibility is likely to explain some of the variability in risk, results from previous studies of genetic polymorphisms have been inconclusive. As diet may also affect the risk of @entity2 , it is possible that the degree of risk produced by smoking and genetic susceptibility varies, depending on diet. To assess this hypothesis, we conducted a case-control study to examine the effect of cigarette smoking, dietary patterns and variation in genes involved in phase II metabolism. A total of 254 individuals with @entity2 and 184 healthy controls were recruited for the study. To identify @entity1 with similar dietary patterns, cluster analysis was performed using nutrient densities of four major dietary constituents: protein, @entity1735 , animal fat, and dietary fiber. Two groups of individuals were identified with distinct dietary patterns: (1) a group (n=241) with a high intake of animal fat and protein and a low intake of @entity3363 and dietary fiber (the 'unhealthy' pattern) and (2) a group (n=197) with a high intake of fiber and @entity1735 and a low intake of protein and animal fat (the 'healthy' pattern) [corrected]. On stratified analysis, several genotype/dietary pattern combinations were found to affect risk of @entity2 . Smokers who were not homozygous for the most common @entity4191 allele and had a healthy dietary pattern were at significantly lower risk than smokers who were homozygous for the @entity4191 common allele and who had an unhealthy dietary pattern (OR=0.16, 95%CI: 0.04-0.57). Among smokers who were @entity9164 null, @entity1 with a healthy dietary pattern were at lower risk than @entity1 with an unhealthy dietary pattern (OR: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.21-1.01). Among smokers with an unhealthy dietary patterns, @entity1 with a His/His genotype in the exon 3 polymorphism of @entity14498 were at significantly lower risk that @entity1 who were not homozygous. These data suggest that dietary factors may affect the risk imposed by genetic susceptibility at detoxification loci. Adjustments using dietary pattern may be useful in elucidating the effects of polymorphisms in genes responsible for carcinogen metabolism.

title: Genetic susceptibility and dietary patterns in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most expression profiling studies of @entity146 have used RNA from postmortem brain tissue. Such studies are confounded by terminal events, environmental variables, such as drug use or abuse, postmortem interval, and tissue pH. To address these limitations, we have explored the use of cultured neuronal cells derived from olfactory neuroepithelium (CNON) from nasal biopsies as an alternate source of RNA. CNON cells are primarily composed of neural progenitor cells and are less influenced by environmental variables as compared with adult postmortem brain tissue. METHODS: We collected biopsy samples and established CNON cultures from eight @entity161 cases and eight healthy comparison individuals. RNA from the cells was profiled using Affymetrix @entity1 Exon 1.0 ST arrays and the results were validated by immunostaining and real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: The expression data show that CNON are primarily composed of neural progenitor cells. Furthermore, we observed a substantially higher correlation of global expression between control samples of CNON (0.98), as compared with postmortem tissue (GDS1917) (0.88). Finally, using the genome-wide expression data, we were able to differentiate CNON samples derived from individuals with and without @entity161 in a principal component analysis and to identify candidate @entity161 genes. CONCLUSION: CNON is a novel model system for the study of @entity146 that drastically reduces both technical and biological noise as compared with postmortem tissue and is therefore well suited for the identification of genes that are differentially expressed between cases and controls.

title: Olfactory neuroepithelium-derived neural progenitor cells as a model system for investigating the molecular mechanisms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']


abstract: Objective evaluation of the performance of autofluorescence bronchoscopy based on analysis of thin sections of the bronchus of resected lungs was performed and compared with the results of preoperative autofluorescence bronchoscopy. Conventional bronchoscopy and autofluorescence bronchoscopy were performed prior to surgery for @entity2 . Thin sections of the bronchus were obtained from the resected specimens. The thin sections were pathologically analyzed and the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy was calculated. The subjects were 30 consecutive operable @entity2 cases who received white light and autofluorescence bronchoscopy before operation. A total of 163 thin sections of the bronchi in the resected lungs were made. The sensitivity of white light bronchoscopy for @entity5 was 90 and 31% for @entity1141 . The respective figures for autofluorescence bronchoscopy were 97 and 50% for @entity5 and @entity1141 . The specificity of white light and autofluorescence was 88 and 84%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of autofluorescence bronchoscopy was objectively confirmed. Autofluorescence examination showed better sensitivity for @entity5 / @entity1613 and the evaluation of the extent of @entity5 invasion was accurate.

title: Histopathological evaluation of fluorescence bronchoscopy using resected lungs in cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: AIMS: Previously, among food industry workers, multisite @entity158 predicted @entity2048 ( @entity2048 ) only in those with low biomechanical workload. Here we studied among a wide range of occupations whether the relationship of @entity158 with @entity2048 was modified by the level of physical or psychosocial workload. METHODS: A nationally representative sample (Health 2000 Survey) comprised 3420 occupationally active Finns aged 30-55  years. Baseline data on @entity4512 during the preceding month, strenuous work history, current physical workload, job demands, job control, support at work, lifestyle, and @entity102 were obtained in 2000/2001 by questionnaire, interview, and clinical examination. @entity4512 in 18 body locations was combined into four sites (neck, upper limbs, low back, and lower limbs) and classified as no @entity158 , and multisite @entity158 (2-4 sites). The data were linked with information from national registers on annual @entity2048 periods lasting >= 10  workdays for 2002-2008. Negative binomial regression analysis was used. RESULTS: At baseline, one-third of the study sample reported single-site and one-third multisite @entity158 . Allowing for gender and age, the employees with multisite @entity158 in strata with high physical workload and high job demands tended to have the highest risk of @entity2048 , but no statistically significant interactive effects between work factors and @entity158 were observed. Further adjustment for health-related lifestyle and @entity102 decreased the risk estimates in all strata. CONCLUSION: We did not find evidence for significant modification by physical or psychosocial workload of the relationship between @entity4512 and @entity2048 periods lasting >= 10 workdays.

title: Does physical or psychosocial workload modify the effect of @entity4512 on XXXX ? A prospective study among the Finnish population.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal pain', 'musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['sickness absence', 'SA']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, single-site pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['sickness absence']


abstract: AIMS: Previously, among food industry workers, multisite @entity158 predicted @entity2048 ( @entity2048 ) only in those with low biomechanical workload. Here we studied among a wide range of occupations whether the relationship of @entity158 with @entity2048 was modified by the level of physical or psychosocial workload. METHODS: A nationally representative sample (Health 2000 Survey) comprised 3420 occupationally active Finns aged 30-55  years. Baseline data on @entity4512 during the preceding month, strenuous work history, current physical workload, job demands, job control, support at work, lifestyle, and @entity102 were obtained in 2000/2001 by questionnaire, interview, and clinical examination. @entity4512 in 18 body locations was combined into four sites (neck, upper limbs, low back, and lower limbs) and classified as no @entity158 , and multisite @entity158 (2-4 sites). The data were linked with information from national registers on annual @entity2048 periods lasting >= 10  workdays for 2002-2008. Negative binomial regression analysis was used. RESULTS: At baseline, one-third of the study sample reported single-site and one-third multisite @entity158 . Allowing for gender and age, the employees with multisite @entity158 in strata with high physical workload and high job demands tended to have the highest risk of @entity2048 , but no statistically significant interactive effects between work factors and @entity158 were observed. Further adjustment for health-related lifestyle and @entity102 decreased the risk estimates in all strata. CONCLUSION: We did not find evidence for significant modification by physical or psychosocial workload of the relationship between @entity4512 and @entity2048 periods lasting >= 10 workdays.

title: Does physical or psychosocial workload modify the effect of XXXX on @entity2048 ? A prospective study among the Finnish population.

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']