abstract: We employed a bile duct ligation (BDL) model of @entity99 to test the hypothesis that this form of preexisting @entity409 alters the kinetics of circulating @entity1505 and @entity568 after @entity526 @entity5694 , thereby augmenting mortality and @entity651 by a @entity1505 :leukotriene (LT) @entity2270 of @entity32 . Male @entity35 were catheterized 13 d after BDL or sham surgery and studied while awake 18 to 24 h later. @entity1448 after BDL was confirmed by baseline serum @entity648 (BDL = 7.34 +/- 0.72 mg/dl, mean +/- SEM, n = 17 versus Sham = 0.25 +/- 0.07, n = 20; p < 0.005) and histopathology. Sham and BDL animals received @entity526 @entity70610 ( @entity70610 , 5 mg/kg i.v.) or 0.9% @entity1219 (NS) ending at t = 0 and were monitored over 24 h for vital signs and hemodynamics. In parallel studies, lipoxygenase inhibition was performed using @entity6566 or the 5-lipoxygenase activating-protein inhibitor @entity20463 . Blood was collected at baseline and at t = 1.5, 3.5, and 24 h for formed elements and for serum endotoxin, @entity1505 , @entity568 , @entity648 , and @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT). Organs were evaluated at 24 h for histopathology, including neutrophil (PMN) densities and wet/dry weight (W/D) ratios. @entity1448 reduced survival after otherwise nonlethal @entity5694 , with seven of 11 BDL + @entity70610 @entity35 dying within 24 h versus no deaths in BDL + NS (n = 6), Sham + @entity70610 (n = 14), or Sham + NS (n = 6) animals (p < 0.01). Despite equivalent serum endotoxin between groups, circulating @entity1505 was 8-fold higher in BDL + @entity70610 than in Sham + @entity70610 @entity35 at 1.5 and 3.5 h (p < 0.001), whereas serum @entity1505 did not differ between BDL + NS and Sham + NS @entity35 . @entity568 likewise was increased differentially by 1.5 h in BDL + @entity70610 animals (11.98 +/- 2.42 ng/ml) versus Sham + @entity70610 @entity35 (3.05 +/- 0.58 ng/ml, p < 0.05). @entity2332 , @entity551 , and @entity1431 were most severe and prolonged in BDL + @entity70610 @entity35 , which also had significantly higher ALT values, W/D ratios, and organ PMN counts. LT inhibition failed to reduce BDL-related differences in serum cytokines or survival after @entity5694 . Thus, @entity1448 augments inflammatory responses to gram-negative @entity5694 , sensitizing the host to enhanced fluid flux in multiple organs and to mortality by a LT-independent mechanism.

title: @entity99 increases circulating @entity1505 and XXXX and mortality after @entity526 @entity5694 .

answer: @entity568 :: (24498(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: We employed a bile duct ligation (BDL) model of @entity99 to test the hypothesis that this form of preexisting @entity409 alters the kinetics of circulating @entity1505 and @entity568 after @entity526 @entity5694 , thereby augmenting mortality and @entity651 by a @entity1505 :leukotriene (LT) @entity2270 of @entity32 . Male @entity35 were catheterized 13 d after BDL or sham surgery and studied while awake 18 to 24 h later. @entity1448 after BDL was confirmed by baseline serum @entity648 (BDL = 7.34 +/- 0.72 mg/dl, mean +/- SEM, n = 17 versus Sham = 0.25 +/- 0.07, n = 20; p < 0.005) and histopathology. Sham and BDL animals received @entity526 @entity70610 ( @entity70610 , 5 mg/kg i.v.) or 0.9% @entity1219 (NS) ending at t = 0 and were monitored over 24 h for vital signs and hemodynamics. In parallel studies, lipoxygenase inhibition was performed using @entity6566 or the 5-lipoxygenase activating-protein inhibitor @entity20463 . Blood was collected at baseline and at t = 1.5, 3.5, and 24 h for formed elements and for serum endotoxin, @entity1505 , @entity568 , @entity648 , and @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT). Organs were evaluated at 24 h for histopathology, including neutrophil (PMN) densities and wet/dry weight (W/D) ratios. @entity1448 reduced survival after otherwise nonlethal @entity5694 , with seven of 11 BDL + @entity70610 @entity35 dying within 24 h versus no deaths in BDL + NS (n = 6), Sham + @entity70610 (n = 14), or Sham + NS (n = 6) animals (p < 0.01). Despite equivalent serum endotoxin between groups, circulating @entity1505 was 8-fold higher in BDL + @entity70610 than in Sham + @entity70610 @entity35 at 1.5 and 3.5 h (p < 0.001), whereas serum @entity1505 did not differ between BDL + NS and Sham + NS @entity35 . @entity568 likewise was increased differentially by 1.5 h in BDL + @entity70610 animals (11.98 +/- 2.42 ng/ml) versus Sham + @entity70610 @entity35 (3.05 +/- 0.58 ng/ml, p < 0.05). @entity2332 , @entity551 , and @entity1431 were most severe and prolonged in BDL + @entity70610 @entity35 , which also had significantly higher ALT values, W/D ratios, and organ PMN counts. LT inhibition failed to reduce BDL-related differences in serum cytokines or survival after @entity5694 . Thus, @entity1448 augments inflammatory responses to gram-negative @entity5694 , sensitizing the host to enhanced fluid flux in multiple organs and to mortality by a LT-independent mechanism.

title: @entity99 increases circulating XXXX and @entity568 and mortality after @entity526 @entity5694 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['Cholestasis', 'cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity70610 :: ('MESH:C567102', 'Disease') :: ['lipopolysaccharide serotype O55:B5', 'LPS']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic liver injury']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1505 :: (24835(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: Peptide elution and expression cloning methods have been used to identify T cell-recognized antigens for which no molecular information is available. We identified a unique @entity5 antigen peptide pRL1a, IPGLPLSL that is recognized by CTL on BALB/c RL male 1 @entity1778 by peptide elution. The sequence of the peptide corresponded to the normally untranslated 5' region of akt. @entity137 was generated in BALB/c spleen cells by in vivo and in vitro sensitization with pRL1a peptide in the form of multiple antigen peptide (MAP), but not the original form. @entity70611 a MAP immunization had a significant growth-inhibitory effect. @entity70611 a MAP was mostly internalized into the endosomal compartment of antigen-presenting cells, leaked to the cytosol, and degraded, and the pRL1a peptide produced was presented through the MHC class I pathway. In vivo depletion of @entity1961 T cells from @entity5 -inoculated BALB/c @entity19 caused RL male 1 regression. Overexpression of the RLakt molecule seemed to induce @entity1961 immunoregulatory cells, which resulted in progressive RL male 1 growth in BALB/c @entity19 . In vivo administration of anti- @entity3783 mAb (PC61) caused regression of RL male 1, suggesting that @entity1961 (+) @entity3783 (+) immunoregulatory cells were involved in the @entity5 growth. Recently, we improved the sensitivity and the efficacy of T cell antigen cloning from cDNA expression libraries by using large- and small-scale ELISPOT assays. Using the @entity60 ELISPOT method, we obtained a cDNA clone S35 of 937 bp recognized by AT-1 CTL on BALB/c Meth @entity242 . S35 was a part of the @entity1968 -regulated nuclear matrix-associated protein (ramp). AT-1 CTL recognized the peptide LGAEAIFRL, which was derived from a newly created open reading frame due to the exon 14 extension.

title: @entity19 XXXX RL male 1 and @entity242 Meth A antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['A sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: Peptide elution and expression cloning methods have been used to identify T cell-recognized antigens for which no molecular information is available. We identified a unique @entity5 antigen peptide pRL1a, IPGLPLSL that is recognized by CTL on BALB/c RL male 1 @entity1778 by peptide elution. The sequence of the peptide corresponded to the normally untranslated 5' region of akt. @entity137 was generated in BALB/c spleen cells by in vivo and in vitro sensitization with pRL1a peptide in the form of multiple antigen peptide (MAP), but not the original form. @entity70611 a MAP immunization had a significant growth-inhibitory effect. @entity70611 a MAP was mostly internalized into the endosomal compartment of antigen-presenting cells, leaked to the cytosol, and degraded, and the pRL1a peptide produced was presented through the MHC class I pathway. In vivo depletion of @entity1961 T cells from @entity5 -inoculated BALB/c @entity19 caused RL male 1 regression. Overexpression of the RLakt molecule seemed to induce @entity1961 immunoregulatory cells, which resulted in progressive RL male 1 growth in BALB/c @entity19 . In vivo administration of anti- @entity3783 mAb (PC61) caused regression of RL male 1, suggesting that @entity1961 (+) @entity3783 (+) immunoregulatory cells were involved in the @entity5 growth. Recently, we improved the sensitivity and the efficacy of T cell antigen cloning from cDNA expression libraries by using large- and small-scale ELISPOT assays. Using the @entity60 ELISPOT method, we obtained a cDNA clone S35 of 937 bp recognized by AT-1 CTL on BALB/c Meth @entity242 . S35 was a part of the @entity1968 -regulated nuclear matrix-associated protein (ramp). AT-1 CTL recognized the peptide LGAEAIFRL, which was derived from a newly created open reading frame due to the exon 14 extension.

title: @entity19 @entity1778 RL male 1 and XXXX Meth A antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: Peptide elution and expression cloning methods have been used to identify T cell-recognized antigens for which no molecular information is available. We identified a unique @entity5 antigen peptide pRL1a, IPGLPLSL that is recognized by CTL on BALB/c RL male 1 @entity1778 by peptide elution. The sequence of the peptide corresponded to the normally untranslated 5' region of akt. @entity137 was generated in BALB/c spleen cells by in vivo and in vitro sensitization with pRL1a peptide in the form of multiple antigen peptide (MAP), but not the original form. @entity70611 a MAP immunization had a significant growth-inhibitory effect. @entity70611 a MAP was mostly internalized into the endosomal compartment of antigen-presenting cells, leaked to the cytosol, and degraded, and the pRL1a peptide produced was presented through the MHC class I pathway. In vivo depletion of @entity1961 T cells from @entity5 -inoculated BALB/c @entity19 caused RL male 1 regression. Overexpression of the RLakt molecule seemed to induce @entity1961 immunoregulatory cells, which resulted in progressive RL male 1 growth in BALB/c @entity19 . In vivo administration of anti- @entity3783 mAb (PC61) caused regression of RL male 1, suggesting that @entity1961 (+) @entity3783 (+) immunoregulatory cells were involved in the @entity5 growth. Recently, we improved the sensitivity and the efficacy of T cell antigen cloning from cDNA expression libraries by using large- and small-scale ELISPOT assays. Using the @entity60 ELISPOT method, we obtained a cDNA clone S35 of 937 bp recognized by AT-1 CTL on BALB/c Meth @entity242 . S35 was a part of the @entity1968 -regulated nuclear matrix-associated protein (ramp). AT-1 CTL recognized the peptide LGAEAIFRL, which was derived from a newly created open reading frame due to the exon 14 extension.

title: XXXX @entity1778 RL male 1 and @entity242 Meth A antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: Multipotential retinal precursors give rise to all cell types seen in @entity2788 . The generation of differentiation and diversity of neuronal cell types is determined by both extrinsic regulatory signals and endogenous genetic programs. We have previously reported that cell commitment in @entity1 retinal precursor cells (SV-40T) can be modified in response to exogenous growth factors, basic fibroblast growth factor, and @entity310 ( @entity540 and @entity7790 ). We report in this study that nontransformed @entity1 retinal precursors differentiate into photoreceptors by a cell density-dependent mechanism, and the effects were potentiated by @entity540 and @entity7790 alone or in combination. A larger proportion of multipotential precursors plated at a density of 1 x 10(4) cells/cm(2) differentiated into neurons (photoreceptors) compared to cells plated @entity35 x 10(4)/cm(2) and 1 x 10(5) cells/cm(2) under serum-free conditions and the effects were amplified seven- to eightfold in response to growth factors. Basic fibroblast growth factor ( @entity540 ) and @entity7790 can induce 90% of the cells to assume a photoreceptor phenotype at a lower cell density, compared to only 30 and 25% of the cells acquiring a photoreceptor phenotype at intermediate and higher cell densities. Furthermore, at a lower cell density, 60-70% of the cells incorporate @entity1603 (Brdu), suggesting that cells in a cell cycle may make a commitment to a specific fate in response to neurotrophins. Neurons with a photoreceptor phenotype were positive for three different sets of antibodies for rods/cones. Cells also exhibited upregulation of other proteins such as a D4 receptor protein expressed in photoreceptors, protein kinase Calpha ( @entity10185 ) expressed in rod bipolars and blue cones, and some other neuronal cell types. This was also confirmed by Western blot analysis. Newly derived photoreceptors survive for a few days before significant cell death ensues under serum-free conditions. To summarize, differentiation in precursors is density dependent, and growth factors amplify the effects.

title: Density-dependent differentiation in nontransformed XXXX retinal progenitor cells in response to basic fibroblast growth factor- and transforming growth factor-alpha.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['multilayered retina']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity30338 is a clinical variant of @entity1252 which involves the deep dermis and the subcutaneous fat. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the clinical profile of Asian @entity1 with this condition. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of all histologically confirmed @entity30338 seen at our center between 1992 and 1997. The age, sex, past history/subsequent diagnosis of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), presence of clinical @entity9821 ( @entity9821 ) changes on overlying skin, direct immunofluorescence, serologic, and histologic findings were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 12 cases of @entity30338 , two of which were in @entity1 already diagnosed with @entity1252 and one in which the @entity1 subsequently evolved into @entity1252 . The mean age at diagnosis was 31.3 years. The face (50%), upper limbs (33%), and scalp (25%) were the most common sites of involvement. Thirty-three per cent had clinical evidence of @entity9821 on the overlying skin, whilst 67% had histologic features of @entity9821 on the overlying skin. A lupus band was present in 36%. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was positive in three of 11 cases; these were in the two @entity1 who already had @entity1252 and in the only @entity1 who progressed to @entity1252 . All of the cases showed fat @entity39 and, in the majority of cases, there was associated lobular and @entity32 . Thirty-three per cent showed @entity1333 and 75% had mucin deposition. None had lymphoid nodules, @entity8855 , or @entity730 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity30338 affects a younger age group in Asians as compared with the Western population. Although about one-third of @entity1 show clinical evidence of overlying @entity9821 , two-thirds of @entity1 show histologic evidence of @entity9821 . It tends to have a mild disease course in the majority of cases.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['paraseptal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity30338 :: ('MESH:D015435', 'Disease') :: ['lupus panniculitis', 'Lupus erythematosus panniculitis', 'Lupus panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['subepidermal hyalinization']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity9821 :: ('MESH:D008179', 'Disease') :: ['discoid lupus erythematosus', 'DLE']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity30338 :: (MESH:D015435,Disease) :: ['Lupus erythematosus panniculitis']


abstract: The @entity137 of @entity2426 , a selective inhibitor of endoplasmic reticular @entity141 -ATPase, was investigated in GT1-7 cells, a @entity19 hypothalamic cell line. Treatment of these cells with 50 or 100 nM @entity2426 greatly reduced cell viability at 24 and 48 h. These doses of @entity2426 induced a rapid rise in free cytosolic @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i), followed by a sustained increase. Addition of EGTA to chelate extracellular @entity141 diminished somewhat the size of the initial increase of [ @entity141 ]i caused by @entity2426 , and abolished the sustained increase. The sustained increase could also be abolished by addition of @entity11329 and by @entity21808 , a drug selective for receptor-mediated @entity460 entry, but not by @entity1855 or @entity4271 . Pretreatment with 50 microM BAPTA/AM, a cytosolic @entity141 chelator, inhibited the peak [ @entity141 ]i caused by @entity2426 but did not inhibit the sustained elevation of [ @entity141 ]i. Neither @entity4527 nor @entity18650 /AM inhibited the cell death induced by @entity2426 . The cell death was characterized by DNA fragmentation ("laddering"), nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and was inhibited by protein synthesis inhibitor @entity1880 , all characteristic of apoptotic cell death. Overexpression of the protooncogene @entity1379 in GT1-7 cells inhibited significantly DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and cell death induced by @entity2426 . However, @entity1379 did not alter either basal [ @entity141 ]i or the elevation of [ @entity141 ]i induced by @entity2426 . Our results suggest that abnormal @entity141 release from endoplasmic reticulum caused by @entity2426 induces GT1-7 death by apoptosis and that this effect does not depend on @entity141 influx from the extracellular space. @entity1379 inhibited apoptosis induced by @entity2426 , but the mechanism is unlikely to be inhibition of endoplasmic reticular @entity141 release in GT1-7 neuronal cells.

title: XXXX protects against apoptosis in neuronal cell line caused by @entity2426 -induced depletion of intracellular calcium stores.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4271 :: ('MESH:D005444', 'Chemical') :: ['flunarizine']

answer: @entity1379 :: (12043(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: The @entity137 of @entity2426 , a selective inhibitor of endoplasmic reticular @entity141 -ATPase, was investigated in GT1-7 cells, a @entity19 hypothalamic cell line. Treatment of these cells with 50 or 100 nM @entity2426 greatly reduced cell viability at 24 and 48 h. These doses of @entity2426 induced a rapid rise in free cytosolic @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i), followed by a sustained increase. Addition of EGTA to chelate extracellular @entity141 diminished somewhat the size of the initial increase of [ @entity141 ]i caused by @entity2426 , and abolished the sustained increase. The sustained increase could also be abolished by addition of @entity11329 and by @entity21808 , a drug selective for receptor-mediated @entity460 entry, but not by @entity1855 or @entity4271 . Pretreatment with 50 microM BAPTA/AM, a cytosolic @entity141 chelator, inhibited the peak [ @entity141 ]i caused by @entity2426 but did not inhibit the sustained elevation of [ @entity141 ]i. Neither @entity4527 nor @entity18650 /AM inhibited the cell death induced by @entity2426 . The cell death was characterized by DNA fragmentation ("laddering"), nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and was inhibited by protein synthesis inhibitor @entity1880 , all characteristic of apoptotic cell death. Overexpression of the protooncogene @entity1379 in GT1-7 cells inhibited significantly DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and cell death induced by @entity2426 . However, @entity1379 did not alter either basal [ @entity141 ]i or the elevation of [ @entity141 ]i induced by @entity2426 . Our results suggest that abnormal @entity141 release from endoplasmic reticulum caused by @entity2426 induces GT1-7 death by apoptosis and that this effect does not depend on @entity141 influx from the extracellular space. @entity1379 inhibited apoptosis induced by @entity2426 , but the mechanism is unlikely to be inhibition of endoplasmic reticular @entity141 release in GT1-7 neuronal cells.

title: @entity1379 protects against apoptosis in neuronal cell line caused by XXXX -induced depletion of intracellular calcium stores.

answer: @entity2426 :: (MESH:D019284,Chemical) :: ['thapsigargin']


abstract: Lasers can be used for binding tissues by welding, but the clinical application of this method has been limited by the difficulties in defining and maintaining the optimal conditions. Fiberoptic radiometry allows accurate remote temperature measurements for control of laser tissue welding. We evaluated the use of a temperature-controlled tissue welding system to close @entity2687 . Eighty ex vivo @entity291 eyes were used for the determination of welding parameters optimal for corneal wound closure. A 4 mm central corneal cut was closed with use of a @entity515 laser (600 mw, 0.9 mm spot size), with tissue temperatures ranging from 45-70 degrees C and welding time ranging from 1-30 seconds. Wound strength was measured as burst pressure of the sealed wound. The welding parameters found to cause the strongest wound binding were used to weld a limbal incision of 4 mm in 10 adult albino @entity95 . The fellow eye of each animal was used as a control, and the same wound was closed with one 10/0 mersilen suture. Two animals were killed immediately after the procedure, and the eyes were sent for histologic examination. Eight @entity95 were followed for 1 month. Clinical examination and refraction were done 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month after the procedure. Corneal topographic evaluations were done 1 week after the procedure. After 1 month the animals were killed and the eyes were examined histologically. The optimal results of wound binding by laser welding in the enucleated @entity291 eyes were achieved with 55-60 degrees C and at a welding time of 12-20 seconds. At these parameters the burst pressure of corneal wounds was 70 mm Hg. All laser-welded limbal wounds in the @entity95 were tightly closed at the end of procedure and during the follow-up period. The refractive results after laser welding were equal to those of the controlled suture-closed wound. Laser tissue welding combined with tissue temperature monitoring can be used to close corneal wounds.

title: Temperature-controlled XXXX laser tissue welding of ocular tissues.

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal and corneoscleral wounds']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We analyzed our 22 years of experience with extraanatomic bypass grafting for repair of aortic arch @entity1498 in adults. Results from early and midterm follow-up with clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance angiography are reported. METHODS: Between November 1979 and December 2001, 18 consecutive @entity1 aged 18 to 61 years (mean, 31.8 +/- 13.3 years) underwent extraanatomic bypass grafting to repair @entity1498 of the aortic arch. Six @entity1 (33.3%) had recoarctation after previous repair through a left thoracotomy, and 3 (16.7%) had associated @entity299 . The operative technique used in all @entity1 was ascending aorta-to-descending thoracic aorta bypass with a @entity11628 fiber (Dacron) graft through a median sternotomy and posterior pericardial approach. RESULTS: Follow-up was completed in all @entity1 , with a mean duration of 5.6 +/- 5.7 years (range, 12 months to 22 years). The follow-up interval exceeded 10 years in 5 @entity1 . No @entity16 , early or late mortality, late reoperations, or graft complications occurred. Six @entity1 (33.3%) had mild @entity101 . All @entity1 were asymptomatic with patent Dacron grafts confirmed by echocardiography. Magnetic resonance angiography, performed in 15 (83.3%) @entity1 , revealed that the Dacron grafts were still patent at a mean interval of 4.0 +/- 6.2 years (range, 5 days to 22 years) after repair. CONCLUSIONS: Extraanatomic ascending aorta-to-descending thoracic aorta bypass grafting for repair of aortic arch @entity1498 in adults is safe, with low morbidity and no mortality. The favorable midterm results indicate this technique is a safe and less invasive means of repairing aortic arch @entity1498 or recoarctation in adults.

title: Extraanatomic aortic bypass for repair of aortic arch XXXX via sternotomy: midterm clinical and magnetic resonance imaging results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity11628 :: ('MESH:C501560', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene terephthalate']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['coarctation']


abstract: TO PROLONG SURVIVAL: Systemic neo-adjuvant chemotherapy attempts to reduce the development of @entity3 . Data available on neoadjuvant chemotherapy of @entity1149 come from three types of clinical trials. NEO-ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY PHASE II TRIALS: Many trials have demonstrated that the neo-adjuvant approach is feasible, that it leads to a high rate of response, to the order of 50 to 70%, that it does not compromise surgery, and exhibits acceptable @entity137 . High survival rates have been obtained, notably in total responders. NEO-ADJUVANT CHEMO-RADIOTHERAPY PHASE II TRIALS: Have essentially demonstrated that this approach is feasible, exhibits acceptable @entity137 , worse in pneumonectomy. High response rates have been obtained and relative improved survival, since most of the cases concerned extensive forms that could not be treated surgically. RANDOMIZED PHASE III TRIALS: Gave varying results: two of them only concerned small series of @entity1 (60 in all) with stage IIIA NSCB, with positive results. The third study concerned 373 @entity1 with @entity5 : survival at 3 years was increased by 11%, but this difference is not yet significant. Benefits were essentially apparent for stage I and II @entity1 . IN THE FUTURE: Continued active clinical research, oriented differently, on stage I and II, and stage IIIA is necessary.

title: [Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy of XXXX ( @entity1149 )].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I, II and IIIA cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell bronchial cancers']


abstract: TO PROLONG SURVIVAL: Systemic neo-adjuvant chemotherapy attempts to reduce the development of @entity3 . Data available on neoadjuvant chemotherapy of @entity1149 come from three types of clinical trials. NEO-ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY PHASE II TRIALS: Many trials have demonstrated that the neo-adjuvant approach is feasible, that it leads to a high rate of response, to the order of 50 to 70%, that it does not compromise surgery, and exhibits acceptable @entity137 . High survival rates have been obtained, notably in total responders. NEO-ADJUVANT CHEMO-RADIOTHERAPY PHASE II TRIALS: Have essentially demonstrated that this approach is feasible, exhibits acceptable @entity137 , worse in pneumonectomy. High response rates have been obtained and relative improved survival, since most of the cases concerned extensive forms that could not be treated surgically. RANDOMIZED PHASE III TRIALS: Gave varying results: two of them only concerned small series of @entity1 (60 in all) with stage IIIA NSCB, with positive results. The third study concerned 373 @entity1 with @entity5 : survival at 3 years was increased by 11%, but this difference is not yet significant. Benefits were essentially apparent for stage I and II @entity1 . IN THE FUTURE: Continued active clinical research, oriented differently, on stage I and II, and stage IIIA is necessary.

title: [Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy of @entity1149 ( XXXX )].

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: Five ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (176 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square to evaluate the effects of branched-chain @entity5066 supplementation on N retention and plasma @entity5066 concentrations of steers. Steers were limit-fed (3.0 kg/d of @entity3918 ) twice daily diets low in ruminally undegradable protein (72% @entity1460 hulls, 19% alfalfa, 5% molasses, and 4% vitamins and minerals). @entity598 (400 g/d) was continuously infused into the rumen. Treatments were continuous abomasal infusions of 1) 115 g/d of a mixture of 10 essential @entity5066 designed to exceed the steers' requirements (10AA), 2) 10AA with Leu removed, 3) 10AA with Ile removed, 4) 10AA with @entity2596 removed, and 5) 10AA with all three branched-chain @entity5066 removed. Experimental periods were 7 d, with 3 d for adaptation to treatments and 4 d for total fecal and urinary collections for N balance. Blood samples were collected 5 h after feeding on d 7. Retained N decreased in response to removal of Leu (P < 0.06), @entity2596 (P < 0.05), or all three branched-chain @entity5066 (P < 0.05). Plasma Leu concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu and all three branched-chain @entity5066 . Plasma Ile concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Ile and all three branched-chain @entity5066 but increased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu. Plasma @entity2596 concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of @entity2596 and all three branched-chain @entity5066 but increased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu. Responses in N balance and plasma @entity5066 concentrations of growing @entity291 limit-fed @entity1460 hull-based diets demonstrate limitations in the basal supply of Leu and @entity2596 but not Ile provided that supplies of all other essential @entity5066 are met.

title: Branched-chain amino acids for growing @entity291 limit-fed XXXX hull-based diets.

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetate']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: Five ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (176 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square to evaluate the effects of branched-chain @entity5066 supplementation on N retention and plasma @entity5066 concentrations of steers. Steers were limit-fed (3.0 kg/d of @entity3918 ) twice daily diets low in ruminally undegradable protein (72% @entity1460 hulls, 19% alfalfa, 5% molasses, and 4% vitamins and minerals). @entity598 (400 g/d) was continuously infused into the rumen. Treatments were continuous abomasal infusions of 1) 115 g/d of a mixture of 10 essential @entity5066 designed to exceed the steers' requirements (10AA), 2) 10AA with Leu removed, 3) 10AA with Ile removed, 4) 10AA with @entity2596 removed, and 5) 10AA with all three branched-chain @entity5066 removed. Experimental periods were 7 d, with 3 d for adaptation to treatments and 4 d for total fecal and urinary collections for N balance. Blood samples were collected 5 h after feeding on d 7. Retained N decreased in response to removal of Leu (P < 0.06), @entity2596 (P < 0.05), or all three branched-chain @entity5066 (P < 0.05). Plasma Leu concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu and all three branched-chain @entity5066 . Plasma Ile concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Ile and all three branched-chain @entity5066 but increased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu. Plasma @entity2596 concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of @entity2596 and all three branched-chain @entity5066 but increased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu. Responses in N balance and plasma @entity5066 concentrations of growing @entity291 limit-fed @entity1460 hull-based diets demonstrate limitations in the basal supply of Leu and @entity2596 but not Ile provided that supplies of all other essential @entity5066 are met.

title: Branched-chain amino acids for growing XXXX limit-fed @entity1460 hull-based diets.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of lesions of the Achilles tendon was Investigated in 42 @entity235 and seven @entity468 . A standardised four-part ultrasonographic examination was established. Linear transducers with a frequency of more than 7.5 MHz were used. Ultrasonography allowed identification and differentiation of total @entity397 and the differentiation of partial @entity397 into deep or superficial @entity397 , or those comprising muscular tears. The healing process could be monitored and imaged using this technique. Suture material was readily visible in surgically treated cases. Displacement of the superficial @entity1795 could be identified. In such cases, the tendon tissue was seen either medially or laterally to the calcaneus. The healing process of the Achilles tendon could also be documented using ultrasonography. However, it was not possible to determine the age of the injury and the exact end of the healing process. Ultrasonography therefore proved to be an excellent diagnostic method for imaging lesions of the Achilles tendon and associated injuries in @entity235 and @entity468 . After physical examination, the technique should be the next logical step in the evaluation of a suspected @entity1796 .

title: Ultrasonographic examination of injuries to the achilles tendon in @entity235 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the Achilles tendon']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['digital flexor tendon']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of lesions of the Achilles tendon was Investigated in 42 @entity235 and seven @entity468 . A standardised four-part ultrasonographic examination was established. Linear transducers with a frequency of more than 7.5 MHz were used. Ultrasonography allowed identification and differentiation of total @entity397 and the differentiation of partial @entity397 into deep or superficial @entity397 , or those comprising muscular tears. The healing process could be monitored and imaged using this technique. Suture material was readily visible in surgically treated cases. Displacement of the superficial @entity1795 could be identified. In such cases, the tendon tissue was seen either medially or laterally to the calcaneus. The healing process of the Achilles tendon could also be documented using ultrasonography. However, it was not possible to determine the age of the injury and the exact end of the healing process. Ultrasonography therefore proved to be an excellent diagnostic method for imaging lesions of the Achilles tendon and associated injuries in @entity235 and @entity468 . After physical examination, the technique should be the next logical step in the evaluation of a suspected @entity1796 .

title: Ultrasonographic examination of injuries to the achilles tendon in XXXX and @entity468 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic @entity272 that affects approximately 2% of the US and European populations. One of the major focuses in @entity1569 research has been the development of biologic therapies that provide selective, immunologically directed intervention with fewer adverse effects than traditional therapies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to summarize the progress of 4 biologic agents available or under investigation for clinical use: infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab, and alefacept. METHODS: Relevant information was identified through a MEDLINE search of the literature (1966 to May 2003) using the terms biologic therapy, @entity1569 , infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab, and alefacept. In addition, meeting posters from the American Academy of Dermatology (2003) and International Investigative Dermatology (2003) were reviewed and included if perceived to be reliable and relevant. RESULTS: In a Phase II trial of infliximab, the percentages of @entity1 reaching > or =75% improvement from baseline in the @entity1569 area and severity index (PASI 75) at week 10 were as follows: 6% with placebo (3/51), 72% with infliximab 3 mg/kg (71/98), and 88% with infliximab 5 mg/kg (87/99). In a Phase III study, 34% of @entity1 receiving etanercept 25 mg SC twice weekly (55/162) achieved PASI 75 at 12 weeks and 44% (71/162) at 24 weeks. Also, 49% of those receiving etanercept 50 mg (81/164) achieved PASI 75 at 12 weeks, and 59% (97/164) at 24 weeks. In 2 Phase III trials with SC efalizumab 1.0 mg/kg or 2.0 mg/kg or placebo, 30% in the 1.0-mg/kg per week group (117/394) achieved PASI 75; in the 2.0-mg/kg per week group, 28% (113/409) did. In the placebo, 3.4% (10/292) achieved PASI 75. In a Phase III trial of IM alefacept 15 mg once weekly for 12 weeks, IM alefacept 10 mg once weekly for 12 weeks, or placebo, 21% of the 15-mg dose group (35/166) achieved PASI 75 at 2 weeks after the last dose, compared with 5% of the placebo group (8/168). In a Phase III study of the efficacy and tolerability of once-weekly alefacept 7.5 mg via IV bolus, 14% (53/367) and 4% (7/186) of @entity1 receiving alefacept and placebo achieved PASI 75 at week 14, respectively. Among those who received 2 courses of alefacept, 40% (73/183) and 71% (130/183) achieved PASI 75 and > or = 50% improvement in PASI, respectively. All 4 drugs have been generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity1 treated to date, infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab, and alefacept have achieved successful therapy of @entity1569 without the organ @entity137 seen with traditional systemic therapies. Potential limitations in the use of these agents include the expected high costs of treatment, lack of long-term follow-up, and the selective nature of the @entity1 populations treated thus far.

title: An overview of infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab, and alefacept as biologic therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorder']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgical excision is generally regarded as the treatment of choice for @entity1179 . However, the approach and extent of surgery has been subject of much debate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of @entity5578 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirteen cases of inverted @entity5578 were evaluated. The follow-up averaged from 9 months to 48 months with a mean of 27 months. RESULTS: A close follow-up of all @entity1 was maintained. Seventy-seven per cent (10/13) of the @entity1 had no recurrence after the initial endoscopic procedure. Three @entity1 had recurrences of their @entity5 within 11 months after surgery, which means a rate of 23% (3/13). In 2 @entity1 , the recurrences were treated endoscopically. In one @entity1 , recurrence and malignant transformation (squamous cell @entity189 ) developed after 36 months, which means that the associated @entity189 rate was 7% (1/13). This @entity1 underwent radical maxillectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. None of the @entity1 died of @entity1179 . CONCLUSION: Endoscopic sinus surgery is a viable treatment alternative for @entity5578 in selected cases. This approach should be performed by experienced surgeons and a close follow-up is mandatory. When the disease is more extensive, it should be approached by radical surgery, e.g. en-bloc excision by medial maxillectomy via lateral rhinotomy or mid-facial degloving.

title: Endonasal endoscopic surgical treatment of XXXX --first experiences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5578 :: ('MESH:D010254', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma of the paranasal sinuses treated via endoscopic sinus surgery', 'paranasal sinus inverted papilloma']

answer: @entity5578 :: (MESH:D010254,Disease) :: ['paranasal sinus inverted papilloma']


abstract: Most research on @entity1641 kinematics has previously been performed in the walking and/or trotting animal. This is also true for the few studies on the kinematics of the @entity1641 back. These studies have, for the major part, focused on the flexion-extension movement in the sagittal plane. However, vertebrae can rotate in 3 dimensions. This study was designed to determine all 3 rotations in various segments of the vertebral column of a cantering @entity1641 . Five Dutch Warmblood @entity1641 were measured during treadmill canter (7.3 m/s). Steinmann pins were inserted into the dorsal spinous processes of 8 thoracic (T), lumbar (L) and sacral (S) vertebrae and into both tubera coxae. A set of 4 markers was rigidly attached to each pin. The marker data were used to calculate a rotation matrix that was subsequently decomposed into 3 orthogonal rotations (flexion/extension [FE]; lateral bending [LB] and @entity717 [ @entity717 ]). For the 3 rotations the variability between the @entity1641 was low for FE, slightly larger for @entity717 and largest for LB. The maximal range of motion (mean +/- s.d.) for FE, LB and @entity717 was 15.8 +/- 1.3 degrees, 5.2 +/- 0.7 degrees and 7.8 +/- 1.2 degrees, respectively. With respect to relative angles, the largest FE motion was found between L5 and S3 with values for the range of motion up to 8.6 degrees. Simultaneous rotation of successive vertebrae was observed particularly during the single support and suspension phases in the stride cycle, which increases spinal stability. For all rotations, a close correlation was observed between the timing of the @entity717 and the pro- and retraction of the limbs.

title: Three-dimensional kinematics of the XXXX spine during canter.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axial rotation', 'vertebral rotations', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['horse', 'horses', 'equine']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: @entity6763 ) is the aetiological agent of a number of diseases and not only of IBR, namely @entity166 ( @entity166 ), @entity166 ( @entity166 ), @entity2024 , @entity1651 , @entity1271 , @entity5852 , and lesions in the interdigital space. The serological identical strains differ, however, in some aspects. Typical genital strains usually cause a mild illness, sometimes not even detected clinically, but serologically. They hamper eradication programmes and do not cause IBR when inoculated intranasally. The other--modern--strains are, however, always able to induce a severe disease in the genital tracts. But infection of field or vaccine virus leads to the development of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The latter is, however, not transmitted to neonates via colostrum. BHV1 antibodies can be found in @entity291 in all continents, and in many wild species. Prevalences vary greatly depending on herd size and management. Because seronegative @entity291 play a role in international trade a number of European countries have eradicated @entity4374 , with very high costs involved. Marker and conventional vaccines can prevent disease but not infection followed by the state of latency. The genomes of several strains, including the marker strains can remain latent in the same animal and be reactivated after stress or injection of @entity288 . For the detection of humoral antibodies the ELISA is widely used. It is useful for testing bulk milk samples for antibodies derived from field virus and conventional vaccines but not from gE-deleted marker vaccines. Importing countries should consider only vaccinated animals for import. They should require that the animals are seronegative prior to vaccination.

title: Advances in XXXX (IBR) research.

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['bovines', 'cattle']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortion, enteritis']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity6763 :: ('10320', 'Species') :: ['Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BHV1']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious balanoposthitis', 'infectious pustular vulvovaginitis', 'IPV', 'IBP']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity4374 :: (35252,Species) :: ['BHV1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The hyperplastic response of the @entity2172 during bacterial @entity2346 media is thought to be mediated by the actions of growth factors and their respective receptors. The purpose of the study was to explore the expression of growth factors known to stimulate epithelial cells in other systems, as well as their receptors, in the @entity2172 during @entity2346 media. STUDY DESIGN: Expression of mRNA growth factors and receptors was measured over time after inoculation of the @entity35 middle ear with bacteria. METHODS: The middle ears of 12 male @entity35 were injected with 10(5)/mL @entity327 3655 (nontypeable, biotype II). Three @entity35 were killed at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Three untreated @entity35 were also killed to serve as negative controls. The @entity2172 samples were surgically removed and homogenized. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed on each sample with primers for @entity35 epidermal growth factor, @entity10816 (ErbB), heparin binding epidermal-like growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor receptor, @entity11943 , betacellulin, amphiregulin, and neuregulin-alpha. RESULTS: Hepatocyte growth factor and @entity10816 primers demonstrated polymerase chain reaction products of the expected size that were not displayed in the normal @entity2172 . @entity11943 and hepatocyte growth factor receptor demonstrated polymerase chain reaction products at all time points tested. Betacellulin and neuregulin-alpha products were present at all time points except 72 hours after @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study support a role for growth factors in the @entity2172 during @entity2346 media. These bioactive ingredients contribute to @entity33 .

title: Growth factors and their receptors in the XXXX during @entity2346 media.

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear mucosa']

entities_list: @entity10816 :: ('24329(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae strain']

entities_list: @entity11943 :: ('29348(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['keratinocyte growth factor', 'Keratinocyte growth factor']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['middle ear mucosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The hyperplastic response of the @entity2172 during bacterial @entity2346 media is thought to be mediated by the actions of growth factors and their respective receptors. The purpose of the study was to explore the expression of growth factors known to stimulate epithelial cells in other systems, as well as their receptors, in the @entity2172 during @entity2346 media. STUDY DESIGN: Expression of mRNA growth factors and receptors was measured over time after inoculation of the @entity35 middle ear with bacteria. METHODS: The middle ears of 12 male @entity35 were injected with 10(5)/mL @entity327 3655 (nontypeable, biotype II). Three @entity35 were killed at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Three untreated @entity35 were also killed to serve as negative controls. The @entity2172 samples were surgically removed and homogenized. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed on each sample with primers for @entity35 epidermal growth factor, @entity10816 (ErbB), heparin binding epidermal-like growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor receptor, @entity11943 , betacellulin, amphiregulin, and neuregulin-alpha. RESULTS: Hepatocyte growth factor and @entity10816 primers demonstrated polymerase chain reaction products of the expected size that were not displayed in the normal @entity2172 . @entity11943 and hepatocyte growth factor receptor demonstrated polymerase chain reaction products at all time points tested. Betacellulin and neuregulin-alpha products were present at all time points except 72 hours after @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study support a role for growth factors in the @entity2172 during @entity2346 media. These bioactive ingredients contribute to @entity33 .

title: Growth factors and their receptors in the @entity2172 during XXXX media.

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: @entity8143 is a rare @entity146 in which the @entity1 has a fixed, false belief that he or she is infested by parasites. Even though it is a @entity146 , these @entity1 usually present to a dermatologist because they are convinced that they have a dermatological problem. @entity1 with @entity8143 generally reject psychiatric referral. The diagnosis of @entity8143 can often be made on the basis of the history alone, but it is important to make sure that the @entity1 does not have a @entity272 , and the delusion is not secondary to another mental or @entity221 . The current treatment of choice is the antipsychotic medication @entity1766 . The principal difficulty in management is convincing @entity1 to take the drug. This results from the obvious discrepancy between the @entity1 ' belief system and the clinician's understanding of the situation. The most common adverse effects of @entity1766 are extrapyramidal symptoms such as stiffness and, less frequently, a special inner sense of restlessness called @entity2146 . Effective treatment of such extrapyramidal reactions includes @entity5662 1 to 2 mg up to 4 times daily as needed, or @entity3933 25 mg 3 times daily as needed. @entity1766 can have @entity1370 effects at high dosages. Traditionally, it has been recommended to check pretreatment and post-treatment electrocardiograms even for @entity1 who have no history or @entity299 or @entity943 . However, a more recent publication questions the need for this if the @entity1 takes < 10 mg/day, is not elderly, and has no history of @entity943 . Effective dosages of @entity1766 for @entity8143 have ranged from 1 to 10 mg/day. The lowest effective dosage of @entity1766 should be used for the shortest possible duration to minimize the risk of @entity910 developing in these @entity1 . Significant improvements in quality of life have been achieved with successful treatment with @entity1766 . Atypical antipsychotics such as @entity1090 with a much safer adverse effect profile may prove to be effective for the treatment of @entity8143 in the future.

title: XXXX . A dermatologist's guide to diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1766 :: ('MESH:D010868', 'Chemical') :: ['pimozide', 'Pimozide']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['tardive dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac conduction abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['akathisia']

entities_list: @entity5662 :: ('MESH:D001590', 'Chemical') :: ['benztropine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['organic skin disorder']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['delusions of parasitosis', 'Delusions of parasitosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity8143 :: (MESH:D063726,Disease) :: ['Delusions of parasitosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present electronic videoendoscopy of the larynx with digital image processing and to discuss this endoscopic technique from the standpoint of diagnostic usefulness of @entity75 . STUDY DESIGN: Electronic videoendoscopic evaluation of @entity75 with digital image processing. METHODS: Seventy @entity1 underwent electronic videoendoscopy without digital image processing and, subsequently, with the digital image processing function. Of these, 15 @entity1 with white lesion of the vocal fold and @entity25364 were assessed in the study. Clinical assessments made before enhancement of digital image processing function were compared with those after enhancement in 15 @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity1 observed, the clinical diagnoses of two @entity1 were changed after enhancement. Both @entity1 underwent endolaryngeal microsurgery with histopathological examination of the removed lesions, which confirmed the definitive diagnosis. The clinical diagnoses of both @entity1 after enhancement were compatible with histopathological diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced color images provided by this system are superior in both quality and resolution to those obtained by conventional flexible fiberoptic endoscopy with a video camera. This system should be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of @entity75 .

title: Digital image processing of XXXX by electronic videoendoscopy.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity25364 :: ('MESH:D007822', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal neoplasms']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['laryngeal lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pre-hospital time delay in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is still a challenging problem since for many @entity1 there are long intervals between the onset of symptoms and the initiation of therapy. The aim of this study was to verify which, among several clinical variables, are associated with a prolonged pre-hospital time delay. METHODS: Five hundred and twenty-six unselected @entity1 with @entity583 and consecutively admitted to three coronary care units were enrolled. The pre-hospital time delay was defined as the time interval from the onset of symptoms to admission to the coronary care unit. Clinical variables included: age, gender, body mass index, level of education, @entity167 consumption, smoking habits, regular physical activity, history of @entity101 , @entity6 , history of @entity453 (documented history of @entity951 and/or previous @entity583 ), chronic @entity955 , Q-wave @entity583 and off hours onset of symptoms. After univariate analysis, multivariable regression analysis was used. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 66.6 +/- 12.1 years and 28.7% were female. The median pre-hospital time interval was 200 min (95% confidence interval 60-1140). For 342 @entity1 the pre-hospital time interval was < or = 6 hours and for 184 @entity1 it was > 6 hours. Those variables which, at univariate analysis, were found to significantly influence the pre-hospital delay were analyzed using a multivariable regression model where the dependent variable was the pre-hospital time interval. @entity955 (p = 0.010), a history of @entity453 (p = 0.017), @entity6 (p = 0.016) and age > or = 70 years (p = 0.009) were found to be independently associated with a prolonged prehospital time interval. Similar results were obtained when considering only Q-wave @entity583 . As expected, the thrombolytic therapy rate was much lower in @entity1 with a longer pre-hospital time delay. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that, in case of @entity583 , the time interval between the onset of symptoms and a @entity1 's arrival to hospital is still far from being optimal. This is especially true for older @entity1 with @entity6 , a history of @entity453 or chronic @entity955 . Cardiologists should be aware of this problem and should implement adequate educational strategies addressed to those @entity1 at highest risk.

title: Clinical features associated with pre-hospital time delay in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Chronic atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: MOTIVATION: Since the gap between sharply increasing known sequences and slow accumulation of known structures is becoming large, an automatic classification process based on the primary sequences and known three-dimensional structure becomes indispensable. The classification of protein quaternary structure based on the primary sequences can provide some useful information for the biologists. So a fully automatic and reliable classification system is needed. This work tries to look for the effective methods of extracting attribute and the algorithm for classifying the quaternary structure from the primary sequences. RESULTS: Both of the @entity4002 ( @entity4002 ) and the covariant discriminant algorithms have been first introduced to predict quaternary structure properties from the protein primary sequences. The @entity535 composition and the auto-correlation functions based on the @entity535 index profile of the primary sequence have been taken into account in the algorithms. We have analyzed 472 @entity535 indices and selected the four @entity535 indices as the examples, which have the best performance. Thus the five attribute parameter data sets (COMP, FASG, NISK, WOLS and KYTJ) were established from the protein primary sequences. The COMP attribute data set is composed of @entity535 composition, and the FASG, NISK, WOLS and KYTJ attribute data sets are composed of the @entity535 composition and the auto-correlation functions of the corresponding @entity535 residue index. The overall accuracies of @entity4002 are 78.5, 87.5, 83.2, 81.7 and 81.9%, respectively, for COMP, FASG, NISK, WOLS and KYTJ data sets in jackknife test, which are 19.6, 7.8, 15.5, 13.1 and 15.8%, respectively, higher than that of the covariant discriminant algorithm in the same test. The results show that @entity4002 may be applied to discriminate between the primary sequences of homodimers and non-homodimers and the two protein sequence descriptors can reflect the quaternary structure information. Compared with previous Robert Garian's investigation, the performance of @entity4002 is almost equal to that of the Decision tree models, and the methods of extracting feature vector from the primary sequences are superior to Robert's binning function method. AVAILABILITY: Programs are available on request from the authors.

title: Classification of protein quaternary structure with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['support vector machine', 'SVM']

answer: @entity4002 :: (MESH:D011778,Disease) :: ['support vector machine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of bilateral deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus for symptomatic relief of advanced @entity191 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: @entity1 were assessed and received medical treatment at the Kingston Centre, Southern Health, Melbourne. Surgery took place at Melbourne Neuroscience Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital. Both are tertiary public institutions. SUBJECTS: 14 @entity1 with @entity191 with intact cognition and difficult to manage motor symptoms who were referred to Kingston Centre between 1996 and 2000 and were eligible for surgical intervention. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 were assessed both after 12 hours' withdrawal from and while taking their levodopa medication on two occasions before surgery. Further assessments were carried out one, three, six and 12 months after surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Unified @entity191 Rating Scale motor exam and gait parameters, such as stride length and velocity, were compared at six months after surgery with neither stimulation nor medication, with stimulation only, with medication only, and with stimulation and medication. RESULTS: Stimulators were explanted in one @entity1 after @entity932 and relocated to the thalamus in a second. Extraneous factors prevented two @entity1 from attending at six-month follow-up. Motor performance improved significantly with stimulation alone in the 10 remaining @entity1 . Further significant gains were seen with stimulation and medication combined, with an apparent reduction in side-effects such as @entity910 . CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus significantly improves motor performance in advanced @entity191 , despite a rather high complication rate.

title: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Translocations involving immunoglobulin (Ig) loci and chromosome 13 monosomy ( @entity27204 ) are frequent cytogenetic findings in @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). Similar @entity2008 have been identified in the @entity8058 ( @entity8058 ), but their prevalence and significance remain uncertain. Bone marrow from 72 @entity1 with @entity8058 (n = 62) and smoldering @entity1582 (n = 10) was evaluated for translocations between the @entity7513 ( @entity7513 ) and chromosomes 4, 11, and 16, translocations involving Ig light chain-lambda ( @entity19602 -lambda, and Delta 13. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was done on clonal plasma cells (PCs) detected by immunofluorescence (cIg-FISH) of the cytoplasmic light chain. We also studied cells for @entity4910 and @entity2557 up-regulation by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, respectively. Twenty-seven (46%) of 59 @entity1 had @entity7513 translocations, and 4 (11%) of 37 had an @entity19602 -lambda translocation. A t(11;14)(q13;q32) was found in 15 (25%) of 59 @entity1 , a t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) in 9% of @entity1 , and a t(14;16)(q32;q23) in 5% of @entity1 . All @entity1 with t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) tested (n = 3) had intense cytoplasmic fluorescence with an anti- @entity2557 antibody. PC nuclear staining of @entity4910 was only observed in @entity1 with t(11;14)(q13;q32); Delta 13 was detected in the clonal PCs in 50% of @entity1 . The percentage of abnormal PCs varied with any given abnormality. No obvious clinical or biologic correlations were associated with these @entity2008 . Similar translocations are found in both @entity8058 and @entity1582 , including t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) and t(14;16)(q32;q23). Moreover, Delta 13 is common in @entity8058 and unlikely to play a predominant role in the evolution of @entity8058 to @entity1582 .

title: Genomic abnormalities in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8058 :: ('MESH:D008998', 'Disease') :: ['MGUS', 'monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities', 'chromosomal aberrations']

answer: @entity8058 :: (MESH:D008998,Disease) :: ['monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance']


abstract: Extracellular proteolytic enzymes of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( @entity2290 ) and metalloproteinase (MMP) family play a crucial role in the matrix degradation and tissue remodeling process characteristic of @entity5 . The receptor for @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) serves to localize and intensify the action of @entity2290 and is expressed on the surface of malignant cells. Although the biological significance of @entity1495 and soluble urokinase receptor in growth and progression of @entity706 is understood, its clinical significance in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we determined the levels of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), cellular @entity10431 and sMMP-9 in 43 newly diagnosed @entity3052 @entity1 at diagnosis, before chemotherapy, and also studied 10 normal subjects served as a control group. After chemotherapy suPAR and @entity1495 were determined at remission and relapse. The levels of suPAR, cellular PAR were significantly higher (P= 0.001, 0.001) and @entity1495 was significantly lower (P=0.001) in @entity3052 @entity1 at diagnosis as compared to controls. suPAR and @entity1495 levels were significantly lower in @entity3052 @entity1 who achieved complete remission (CR) as compared to those who did not (P= 0.001 for both). Levels of suPAR and @entity1495 were significantly correlated to peripheral blood blast cells (r= 0.88, P= 0.001; r= 0.65, P= 0.001, respectively) and blast cell distribution ratio (BCDR, r= 0.84, P= 0.001; r=65, P= 0.001, respectively). suPAR, cellular PAR and @entity1495 were significantly higher in @entity1 with extramedullary infiltration as compared with those without (P= 0.001, 0.001, <0.05). The suPAR, cellular @entity10431 , and @entity1495 levels were uneven in @entity3052 FAB subtypes being highest in M5(P<0.05 for all). @entity1495 and suPAR levels were correlated with the disease status. In @entity3052 survivors, @entity1495 , cellular @entity10431 and suPAR were significantly lower as compared to non-survivors (P= 0.001 for all). In conclusion, @entity1495 and su PAR levels might be used as a marker for disease activity and may contribute to blast cell dissemination. @entity1495 and suPAR may be target molecules in the strategy of treatment of @entity3052 .

title: XXXX receptor and soluble matrix metalloproteinase-9 in @entity3052 @entity1 : a possible relation to disease invasion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10431 :: ('5329', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase plasminogen activator', 'uPAR']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disorders']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity10431 :: (5329,Gene) :: ['Urokinase plasminogen activator']


abstract: Extracellular proteolytic enzymes of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( @entity2290 ) and metalloproteinase (MMP) family play a crucial role in the matrix degradation and tissue remodeling process characteristic of @entity5 . The receptor for @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) serves to localize and intensify the action of @entity2290 and is expressed on the surface of malignant cells. Although the biological significance of @entity1495 and soluble urokinase receptor in growth and progression of @entity706 is understood, its clinical significance in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we determined the levels of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), cellular @entity10431 and sMMP-9 in 43 newly diagnosed @entity3052 @entity1 at diagnosis, before chemotherapy, and also studied 10 normal subjects served as a control group. After chemotherapy suPAR and @entity1495 were determined at remission and relapse. The levels of suPAR, cellular PAR were significantly higher (P= 0.001, 0.001) and @entity1495 was significantly lower (P=0.001) in @entity3052 @entity1 at diagnosis as compared to controls. suPAR and @entity1495 levels were significantly lower in @entity3052 @entity1 who achieved complete remission (CR) as compared to those who did not (P= 0.001 for both). Levels of suPAR and @entity1495 were significantly correlated to peripheral blood blast cells (r= 0.88, P= 0.001; r= 0.65, P= 0.001, respectively) and blast cell distribution ratio (BCDR, r= 0.84, P= 0.001; r=65, P= 0.001, respectively). suPAR, cellular PAR and @entity1495 were significantly higher in @entity1 with extramedullary infiltration as compared with those without (P= 0.001, 0.001, <0.05). The suPAR, cellular @entity10431 , and @entity1495 levels were uneven in @entity3052 FAB subtypes being highest in M5(P<0.05 for all). @entity1495 and suPAR levels were correlated with the disease status. In @entity3052 survivors, @entity1495 , cellular @entity10431 and suPAR were significantly lower as compared to non-survivors (P= 0.001 for all). In conclusion, @entity1495 and su PAR levels might be used as a marker for disease activity and may contribute to blast cell dissemination. @entity1495 and suPAR may be target molecules in the strategy of treatment of @entity3052 .

title: @entity10431 receptor and soluble matrix metalloproteinase-9 in XXXX @entity1 : a possible relation to disease invasion.

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: Extracellular proteolytic enzymes of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( @entity2290 ) and metalloproteinase (MMP) family play a crucial role in the matrix degradation and tissue remodeling process characteristic of @entity5 . The receptor for @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) serves to localize and intensify the action of @entity2290 and is expressed on the surface of malignant cells. Although the biological significance of @entity1495 and soluble urokinase receptor in growth and progression of @entity706 is understood, its clinical significance in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we determined the levels of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), cellular @entity10431 and sMMP-9 in 43 newly diagnosed @entity3052 @entity1 at diagnosis, before chemotherapy, and also studied 10 normal subjects served as a control group. After chemotherapy suPAR and @entity1495 were determined at remission and relapse. The levels of suPAR, cellular PAR were significantly higher (P= 0.001, 0.001) and @entity1495 was significantly lower (P=0.001) in @entity3052 @entity1 at diagnosis as compared to controls. suPAR and @entity1495 levels were significantly lower in @entity3052 @entity1 who achieved complete remission (CR) as compared to those who did not (P= 0.001 for both). Levels of suPAR and @entity1495 were significantly correlated to peripheral blood blast cells (r= 0.88, P= 0.001; r= 0.65, P= 0.001, respectively) and blast cell distribution ratio (BCDR, r= 0.84, P= 0.001; r=65, P= 0.001, respectively). suPAR, cellular PAR and @entity1495 were significantly higher in @entity1 with extramedullary infiltration as compared with those without (P= 0.001, 0.001, <0.05). The suPAR, cellular @entity10431 , and @entity1495 levels were uneven in @entity3052 FAB subtypes being highest in M5(P<0.05 for all). @entity1495 and suPAR levels were correlated with the disease status. In @entity3052 survivors, @entity1495 , cellular @entity10431 and suPAR were significantly lower as compared to non-survivors (P= 0.001 for all). In conclusion, @entity1495 and su PAR levels might be used as a marker for disease activity and may contribute to blast cell dissemination. @entity1495 and suPAR may be target molecules in the strategy of treatment of @entity3052 .

title: @entity10431 receptor and soluble matrix metalloproteinase-9 in @entity3052 XXXX : a possible relation to disease invasion.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute nonocclusive @entity5327 (NOMI) is a rare but often fatal event after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with ongoing @entity2616 after cardiac surgery despite maximal laxative treatment underwent selective mesenteric angiography. In cases of pathological radiographic findings, @entity3302 was continuously administered via an intraarterial perfusion catheter. RESULTS: Severe NOMI was confirmed in seven @entity1 (mean lactate: 6.9 +/- 8.3 mg/dL), mild to moderate findings in another seven (mean lactate: 1.4 +/- 1.1 mg/dL). One @entity1 had @entity1031 occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery; five @entity1 demonstrated normal imaging findings. In nine of fourteen @entity1 (64%) treated with @entity3302 , symptoms improved within hours (defecation occurred after 4-29 hours, mean 13 +/- 8.1 hours). No side effects or complications occurred in connection with the @entity3302 treatment. The clinical condition of five @entity1 deteriorated. Four @entity1 underwent laparotomy with creation of an ileostomy or colostomy, two of whom presented with severe @entity63 and later died. One @entity1 died prior to laparotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Selective mesenteric angiography with continuous @entity3302 administration is a simple, fast, and effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool to reduce the need for laparotomy for symptoms of @entity2616 after open-heart surgery.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of nonocclusive XXXX after open heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: (1). To examine the prevalence of @entity308 and operationally defined @entity308 ( @entity308 ) in an Irish sample of subjects undergoing inpatient rehabilitation following their first @entity64 . (2). To investigate factors predictive of @entity308 following @entity64 . (3). To examine the relationship between @entity64 and outcome following inpatient rehabilitation. METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 meeting inclusion criteria who were admitted for inpatient rehabilitation to a specialised unit following their first @entity64 were prospectively studied. INCLUSION CRITERIA: first @entity64 3 - 12 months previously, lesion identified on CT or MRI, age 18 - 65 years, at least some sensory/motor impairment, no pre-existing disabling condition and Barthel Index score > 14 prior to @entity64 . Mood (Center for Epidemiologic Studies @entity308 scale, Hamilton @entity308 Rating Scale, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for Major @entity308 ), Cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination) and Disability (Barthel Index, Rankin Disability Scale) were assessed one week after admission (baseline) and again after 2 months of rehabilitation. Outcome was measured as effectiveness of rehabilitation (Shah et al., 1990) and length of inpatient stay (LOS). RESULTS: 10/50 (20%) of the sample met criteria for major @entity308 on admission. The best predictor of @entity308 was gender, with females having a two-fold higher rate of both subjectively reported and objectively rated @entity308 . @entity308 was unrelated to baseline Barthel Disability, side of lesion or previous @entity146 history. The best predictor of effectiveness of rehabilitation was baseline Barthel Disability score. @entity308 did not predict either effectiveness or LOS. CONCLUSION: (1). @entity308 is common in subjects undergoing rehabilitation following their first @entity64 . (2). Females appear to be especially at risk, possibly reflecting an increased general risk of @entity308 . (3). @entity308 in our sample was not related to @entity717 following @entity64 or early functional outcome following rehabilitation.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in an Irish sample and its relationship with disability and outcome following inpatient rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['post-stroke depression', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive Disorder', 'Depression', 'depressive disorder', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'major depression', 'Major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['functional disability']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['post-stroke depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to @entity73 , disabilities and health related Quality of Life (QOL) after treatment of @entity0 and to analyse the relationship between treatment modalities, impairments, disabilities and health related QOL. METHOD: Fifty-five @entity1 who underwent a modified radical mastectomy or a segmental mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection were retrospectively assessed with a mean follow up of 2.7 years after treatment. Impairments were assessed by means of measuring active shoulder range of motion, grip strength, arm volume and @entity158 . Disabilities were assessed by means of the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ) and health related QOL was assessed by means of the RAND 36-item Health Survey (RAND-36). SETTING: University Hospital Groningen (The Netherlands). RESULTS: @entity158 (60%) and reduction of grip-strength (40%) were the most frequent impairments found. The prevalence of @entity73 and @entity4 was 9 - 16% respectively 15%. Mean group score of the SDQ was 33.7 (sd: 32.1) and mean scores of the RAND-36 differed significantly for physical functioning, vitality and health perception to that of a female norm group. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were significant factors in the prediction of @entity73 . @entity158 and restricted range of motion explained 61% respectively 12% of the variance in disability (SDQ). In the prediction of health related QOL, @entity158 , grip strength and arm volume were significant factors respectively in six, three and two domains. CONCLUSIONS: @entity158 is the most frequent @entity73 after @entity0 treatment with strong relationship to perceived disability and health related QOL. Disability is mild and health related QOL (RAND-36) differed in three of the nine domains with a female norm group.

title: Impairments, disabilities and health related quality of life after treatment for XXXX : a follow-up study 2.7 years after surgery.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired range of motion', 'assess impairments', 'assessed impairment']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study seeks to assess the safety and usefulness of combined video-assisted mediastinoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopy in the management of @entity1 with @entity2 . METHODS: Ten consecutive @entity1 with @entity2 were evaluated. Indications for this combined approach included inconclusive findings from imaging techniques concerning locoregional extension and resectability; possible involvement of different structures not accessible to a single procedure; and failure to obtain histologic diagnosis by a single technique. RESULTS; Histologic diagnosis was obtained in 6 @entity1 without preoperative histologic typing. In 3 @entity1 , in contrast with preoperative imaging studies, combined thoracoscopy and mediastinoscopy showed the resectability of the @entity5 and the absence of metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes. These findings were confirmed at thoracotomy. In 3 other @entity1 prevascular lymph nodes @entity3 were found. They underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy; at subsequent operation, a complete resection was possible. In the remaining four cases combined exploration proved definitive contraindications for operation (recognition of oat-cell @entity189 , n = 2; T4 status, n = 1; T3N2, n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: Combined video-assisted mediastinoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopy seems to be a safe and useful tool in the management of selected @entity1 with @entity2 . Both the extent of @entity5 and the possible intrathoracic spread may be exhaustively evaluated. In @entity1 with @entity2 a complete exploration of the aortopulmonary window is possible.

title: Combined video-assisted mediastinoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['left lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'lung neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several epidemiologic studies found weak protective relations between dietary fiber intake and the risk of @entity65 events. However, few of the studies addressed possible mechanisms of the effect. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we estimated relations between the progression of @entity731 and the intake of selective dietary fiber fractions. Mediation of the relations by serum lipids was also investigated. DESIGN: @entity1 who were free of @entity299 and aged 40-60 y were recruited into the cohort (n = 573; 47% @entity1 ). The @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of the common carotid arteries was measured ultrasonographically at the baseline examination and at 2 follow-up examinations (n = 500), dietary intakes were assessed with six 24-h recalls (3 at baseline and 3 at the first follow-up examination), and blood samples were analyzed at baseline and at both follow-up examinations. RESULTS: A significant inverse association was observed between @entity121 progression and the intakes of viscous fiber (P = 0.05) and pectin (P = 0.01). Correction for measurement error increased the magnitude of these estimated effects. The ratio of total to HDL @entity165 was inversely related to the intakes of total fiber (P = 0.01), viscous fiber (P = 0.05), and pectin (P = 0.01). The magnitude of the association between @entity121 progression and the intakes of viscous fiber and pectin was attenuated by adjustment for serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS: The intake of viscous fiber, especially pectin, appears to protect against @entity121 progression. Serum lipids may act as a mediator between dietary fiber intake and @entity121 progression.

title: Dietary fiber and progression of XXXX : the Los Angeles @entity731 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several epidemiologic studies found weak protective relations between dietary fiber intake and the risk of @entity65 events. However, few of the studies addressed possible mechanisms of the effect. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we estimated relations between the progression of @entity731 and the intake of selective dietary fiber fractions. Mediation of the relations by serum lipids was also investigated. DESIGN: @entity1 who were free of @entity299 and aged 40-60 y were recruited into the cohort (n = 573; 47% @entity1 ). The @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of the common carotid arteries was measured ultrasonographically at the baseline examination and at 2 follow-up examinations (n = 500), dietary intakes were assessed with six 24-h recalls (3 at baseline and 3 at the first follow-up examination), and blood samples were analyzed at baseline and at both follow-up examinations. RESULTS: A significant inverse association was observed between @entity121 progression and the intakes of viscous fiber (P = 0.05) and pectin (P = 0.01). Correction for measurement error increased the magnitude of these estimated effects. The ratio of total to HDL @entity165 was inversely related to the intakes of total fiber (P = 0.01), viscous fiber (P = 0.05), and pectin (P = 0.01). The magnitude of the association between @entity121 progression and the intakes of viscous fiber and pectin was attenuated by adjustment for serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS: The intake of viscous fiber, especially pectin, appears to protect against @entity121 progression. Serum lipids may act as a mediator between dietary fiber intake and @entity121 progression.

title: Dietary fiber and progression of @entity731 : the Los Angeles XXXX Study.

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: This is a review of 183 @entity1 with 218 displaced @entity7334 of the @entity8546 treated by open reduction and internal fixation. One hundred and ninety four (89%) wounds underwent primary uneventful healing. Twenty-four wounds (11%) required local wound care. One @entity281 occurred in a neuropathic foot that required below-knee amputation. No free-tissue transfers, local tissue flaps or skin grafts were needed in @entity1 who presented initially with a closed @entity174 . Ninety-five @entity174 (43.5%) required subsequent surgical procedures (hardware removal-88/95 [93% of secondary procedures]). Six @entity1 (2.8%) had postoperative sural nerve findings. Seventeen procedures other than hardware removal were performed. There were five subtalar fusions including two subtalar distraction bone-block arthrodeses. There were seven claw toe correction procedures, four @entity9066 for varus malunions and one subtalar arthrolysis at the time of hardware removal. These results suggest internal fixation of displaced intra-articular @entity8546 @entity174 using a single lateral approach is a safe, reliable method of treatment.

title: Morbidity associated with ORIF of intra-articular @entity8546 XXXX using a lateral approach.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity8546 :: ('MESH:C566069', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneus']

entities_list: @entity9066 :: ('MESH:D036982', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneal valgus osteotomies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intraarticular fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: This is a review of 183 @entity1 with 218 displaced @entity7334 of the @entity8546 treated by open reduction and internal fixation. One hundred and ninety four (89%) wounds underwent primary uneventful healing. Twenty-four wounds (11%) required local wound care. One @entity281 occurred in a neuropathic foot that required below-knee amputation. No free-tissue transfers, local tissue flaps or skin grafts were needed in @entity1 who presented initially with a closed @entity174 . Ninety-five @entity174 (43.5%) required subsequent surgical procedures (hardware removal-88/95 [93% of secondary procedures]). Six @entity1 (2.8%) had postoperative sural nerve findings. Seventeen procedures other than hardware removal were performed. There were five subtalar fusions including two subtalar distraction bone-block arthrodeses. There were seven claw toe correction procedures, four @entity9066 for varus malunions and one subtalar arthrolysis at the time of hardware removal. These results suggest internal fixation of displaced intra-articular @entity8546 @entity174 using a single lateral approach is a safe, reliable method of treatment.

title: Morbidity associated with ORIF of intra-articular XXXX @entity174 using a lateral approach.

answer: @entity8546 :: (MESH:C566069,Disease) :: ['calcaneus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Practice guidelines for @entity0 emphasize the importance of establishing an accurate diagnosis using a minimum number of procedures and selecting optimal treatment regimens. Understanding the determinants of waiting time is essential to develop optimum interventions to reduce delay. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to estimate the extent to which variability in 1) the number of procedures before surgery and 2) waiting time from initial procedure to surgery are explainable by factors related to the @entity1 , to the provider, and to the care setting. RESEARCH DESIGN: Records of physicians' fee-for-service claims were obtained for 23,370 @entity1 undergoing @entity0 surgery in Quebec between 1992 and 1997. Multilevel logistic regression was used to determine predictors of having multiple procedures before surgery. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to identify predictors of waiting time, separately for @entity1 with lymph node involvement and without this involvement. RESULTS: Overall, 23% of the @entity1 had 3 or more procedures before surgery with significant variation found across hospitals and surgeons. Number of procedures was a strong predictor of waiting time. Waiting time also varied by stage, age, comorbidity, a history of benign disease, surgical setting, calendar time, month of initial procedure, and hospital teaching status. CONCLUSION: Although variability in waiting time was more strongly influenced by the characteristics of the @entity1 rather than by physician- or hospital-related factors, most variation remained unexplained by the factors included in this study. To reduce overall waiting time, strategies would need to be systemically applied.

title: Factors associated with pattern of care before surgery for XXXX in Quebec between 1992 and 1997.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of @entity1127 in @entity1 with severe @entity1412 listed for surgical treatment and to determine the treatment effect on the progression of the disease. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, 12-week study at a single center. SETTING: A tertiary referral center in London, England. @entity1 : Thirty-four @entity1 with severe @entity1412 listed for endoscopic surgical treatment. INTERVENTION: By random allocation, @entity5023 aqueous nasal spray (FPANS), 200 microg twice a day; @entity2715 aqueous nasal spray, 200 microg twice a day; or placebo nasal spray twice a day was administered. @entity1 received 2 actuations to each nostril in the morning and in the evening. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy end points were the need for polypectomy at the end of treatment, the results of acoustic rhinometry, the polyp score, the peak nasal inspiratory flow rate, and an assessment of symptoms. RESULTS: The polyp score was significantly decreased in the FPANS-treated group (P < or = .01). The nasal cavity volume was significantly increased in both the FPANS-treated group and the group receiving @entity2715 compared with placebo (P < or = .01) at the end of treatment. The percentage change in the mean morning peak nasal inspiratory flow rate was greater in the FPANS-treated group, with a significant effect observed at week 2 (P = .01). Nasal blockage was significantly decreased in both active groups compared with the group receiving placebo. No significant difference was observed between the treatment groups in the number of @entity1 requiring polypectomy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5023 and @entity2715 aqueous nasal sprays are effective in treating the symptoms of severe @entity480 . There was some evidence that the group treated with FPANS responded more quickly to intervention and that the magnitude of the response was greater than in the group receiving @entity2715 .

title: Effect of XXXX in severe @entity1412 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone dipropionate', 'beclomethasone']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluticasone', 'fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of @entity1127 in @entity1 with severe @entity1412 listed for surgical treatment and to determine the treatment effect on the progression of the disease. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, 12-week study at a single center. SETTING: A tertiary referral center in London, England. @entity1 : Thirty-four @entity1 with severe @entity1412 listed for endoscopic surgical treatment. INTERVENTION: By random allocation, @entity5023 aqueous nasal spray (FPANS), 200 microg twice a day; @entity2715 aqueous nasal spray, 200 microg twice a day; or placebo nasal spray twice a day was administered. @entity1 received 2 actuations to each nostril in the morning and in the evening. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy end points were the need for polypectomy at the end of treatment, the results of acoustic rhinometry, the polyp score, the peak nasal inspiratory flow rate, and an assessment of symptoms. RESULTS: The polyp score was significantly decreased in the FPANS-treated group (P < or = .01). The nasal cavity volume was significantly increased in both the FPANS-treated group and the group receiving @entity2715 compared with placebo (P < or = .01) at the end of treatment. The percentage change in the mean morning peak nasal inspiratory flow rate was greater in the FPANS-treated group, with a significant effect observed at week 2 (P = .01). Nasal blockage was significantly decreased in both active groups compared with the group receiving placebo. No significant difference was observed between the treatment groups in the number of @entity1 requiring polypectomy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5023 and @entity2715 aqueous nasal sprays are effective in treating the symptoms of severe @entity480 . There was some evidence that the group treated with FPANS responded more quickly to intervention and that the magnitude of the response was greater than in the group receiving @entity2715 .

title: Effect of @entity5023 in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['polyposis']