abstract: Dengue is the most common @entity281 of @entity1 and is a public health burden in more than 100 countries. @entity4224 mosquitoes stably infected with strains of the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia are resistant to @entity778 and are being tested in field trials. To mimic field conditions, we experimentally assessed the vector competence of A. aegypti carrying the Wolbachia strains wMel and wMelPop after challenge with viremic blood from dengue @entity1 . We found that wMelPop conferred strong resistance to DENV @entity281 of mosquito abdomen tissue and largely prevented disseminated @entity281 . wMel conferred less resistance to @entity281 of mosquito abdomen tissue, but it did reduce the prevalence of mosquitoes with infectious saliva. A mathematical model of DENV transmission incorporating the dynamics of @entity1800 in @entity1 and mosquitoes was fitted to the data collected. Model predictions suggested that wMel would reduce the basic reproduction number, R0, of DENV transmission by 66 to 75%. Our results suggest that establishment of wMelPop-infected A. aegypti at a high frequency in a @entity779 would result in the complete abatement of DENV transmission. Establishment of wMel-infected A. aegypti is also predicted to have a substantial effect on transmission that would be sufficient to eliminate dengue in low or moderate transmission settings but may be insufficient to achieve complete control in settings where R0 is high. These findings develop a framework for selecting Wolbachia strains for field releases and for calculating their likely impact.

title: Modeling the impact on virus transmission of Wolbachia-mediated blocking of XXXX of @entity4224 .

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['dengue virus infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To describe how @entity1 experiencing @entity303 define quality of life and how this may be supported. DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive component of mixed methods cross-sectional study. SETTING: Western Canadian community (4-h weekly care minimum), supportive housing (24-h support/supervision), personal care homes (24-h nursing). @entity1 : One hundred and thirty-six @entity1 aged 65+ experiencing @entity303 . MEASUREMENTS: Semi-structured interview questions. Rating of meeting life's goals. RESULTS: @entity1 characterised quality of life as: freedom, independence, having basic needs met, physical health, engagement in meaningful activities and tranquility. A need for self-determination/choice was evidenced across all domains. Increased access to skilled nursing care, support for meaningful engagement with family and meeting life's goals were endorsed as adding most to quality of life; 43% reported meeting all life' @entity9855 goals. CONCLUSION: @entity1 experiencing @entity303 may have better quality of life when choice/self-determination is supported. Enhancements in care environment, independence, engagement and meeting of life's goals merit urgent attention.

title: Subjective quality of life of those 65 years and older experiencing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The recent recognition that antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is the major cause of kidney transplant loss creates strong interest in its pathogenesis. We used microarray analysis of kidney transplant biopsies to identify the changes in pure ABMR. We found that the ABMR transcript changes in the initial Discovery Set were strongly conserved in a subsequent Validation Set. In the Combined Set of 703 biopsies, 2603 transcripts were significantly changed (FDR   <   0.05) in ABMR versus all other biopsies. In cultured cells, the transcripts strongly associated with ABMR were expressed in endothelial cells, e.g. cadherins @entity3545 and @entity20197 ; @entity379 -treated endothelial cells, e.g. phospholipase @entity71310 and chemokine @entity372 ; or NK cells, e.g. @entity137 molecules granulysin ( @entity35424 ) and @entity71311 . Other ABMR transcripts were expressed in normal kidney but not cell lines, either increased e.g. Duffy @entity436 ( @entity20363 ) or decreased e.g. sclerostin ( @entity14539 ). Pathway analysis of ABMR transcripts identified angiogenesis, with roles for angiopoietin and vascular endothelial growth factors; leukocyte-endothelial interactions; and NK signaling, including evidence for @entity4071 a Fc receptor signaling elements shared with T cells. These data support a model of ABMR involving @entity130 in the microcirculation induced by cognate recognition involving antibody and @entity4071 , triggering @entity379 release and antibody-dependent NK cell-mediated @entity137 .

title: The Molecular Landscape of Antibody-Mediated Kidney Transplant Rejection: Evidence for NK Involvement Through XXXX a Fc Receptors.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury-repair']

entities_list: @entity436 :: ('7852', 'Gene') :: ['chemokine receptor']

answer: @entity4071 :: (2214,Gene) :: ['CD16']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated blood pressure (BP) during early life years is associated with future risk of @entity101 and @entity65 and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and lifestyle factors associated with @entity1556 (systolic BP (SBP) 120-139mm Hg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) 80-89mm Hg) or @entity101 (SBP >=  140mm Hg and/or DBP >=  90mm Hg or on antihypertensive medications) among young adults at a Singapore university. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 501 university-going young adults aged 18-40 years in Singapore was conducted using convenience sampling. Data on BP, body mass index (BMI), and lifestyle factors (meals eaten away from home/week, physical activity) was collected, and their association with @entity1556 or @entity101 was determined. RESULTS: @entity1556 was found in 27.4% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 24-32) of the population: 49% (44-58) in @entity1 and 9% (6-13) in @entity1 (P < 0.001). 2.2% (1.2-3.9) had @entity101 . In a multivariable model, those with @entity1556 or @entity101 tended to eat more meals away from home per week (per meal/week odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01-1.09), have higher BMI (per kg/m(2) OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.02-1.30), and low physical activity (low vs. moderate/high activity OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.20-3.82). Other associates were male gender (OR = 7.01, 95% CI = 3.97-12.4) and older age (per year OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01-1.11). CONCLUSION: @entity1556 may be common among university-going young adults in Singapore and is associated with potentially preventable lifestyle factors. Our findings call for large-scale population-based studies, including lifestyle modification trials for prevention of @entity101 among young adults in Singapore.

title: The Association of XXXX With Meals Eaten Away From Home in Young Adults in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['Prehypertension', 'prehypertension']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity1556 :: (MESH:D058246,Disease) :: ['Prehypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) are highly malignant and @entity146 lack of effective therapeutic drugs. @entity67056 (PL), a natural product isolated from longer pepper plants, is recently identified as a potent cytotoxic compound highly selective to @entity5 cells. Here, we reported that PL specifically suppressed @entity157 cell migration/invasion via endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-MAPKs- @entity3726 signaling pathway. PL selectively killed @entity157 cells but not normal hepatocytes with an IC50 of 10-20   M while PL at much lower concentrations only suppressed @entity157 cell migration/invasion. PL selectively elevated reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in @entity157 cells, which activated or up-regulated downstream @entity7952 / @entity5593 / @entity1477 , @entity1435 / @entity4675 / @entity3963 and @entity3726 subsequently. Administration of antioxidants completely abolished PL's effects on cell death and migration/invasion. However, pharmacological inhibition of ER stress-responses or MAPKs signaling pathways with corresponding specific inhibitors only reversed PL's effect on cell migration/invasion but not on cell death. Consistently, knocking-down of @entity3726 by RNA interference only reversed PL-suppressed @entity157 cell migration. Finally, PL significantly suppressed @entity157 development and activated the ER-MAPKs- @entity3726 signaling pathway in @entity157 xenografts in vivo. Taken together, PL selectively killed @entity157 cells and preferentially inhibited @entity157 cell migration/invasion via ROS-ER-MAPKs- @entity3726 axis, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for the highly malignant and aggressive @entity157 clinically.

title: XXXX selectively kills hepatocellular carcinoma cells and preferentially inhibits their invasion via ROS-ER-MAPKs- @entity3726 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity67056 :: ('MESH:C498077', 'Chemical') :: ['Piperlongumine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity67056 :: (MESH:C498077,Chemical) :: ['Piperlongumine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) are highly malignant and @entity146 lack of effective therapeutic drugs. @entity67056 (PL), a natural product isolated from longer pepper plants, is recently identified as a potent cytotoxic compound highly selective to @entity5 cells. Here, we reported that PL specifically suppressed @entity157 cell migration/invasion via endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-MAPKs- @entity3726 signaling pathway. PL selectively killed @entity157 cells but not normal hepatocytes with an IC50 of 10-20   M while PL at much lower concentrations only suppressed @entity157 cell migration/invasion. PL selectively elevated reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in @entity157 cells, which activated or up-regulated downstream @entity7952 / @entity5593 / @entity1477 , @entity1435 / @entity4675 / @entity3963 and @entity3726 subsequently. Administration of antioxidants completely abolished PL's effects on cell death and migration/invasion. However, pharmacological inhibition of ER stress-responses or MAPKs signaling pathways with corresponding specific inhibitors only reversed PL's effect on cell migration/invasion but not on cell death. Consistently, knocking-down of @entity3726 by RNA interference only reversed PL-suppressed @entity157 cell migration. Finally, PL significantly suppressed @entity157 development and activated the ER-MAPKs- @entity3726 signaling pathway in @entity157 xenografts in vivo. Taken together, PL selectively killed @entity157 cells and preferentially inhibited @entity157 cell migration/invasion via ROS-ER-MAPKs- @entity3726 axis, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for the highly malignant and aggressive @entity157 clinically.

title: @entity67056 selectively kills hepatocellular carcinoma cells and preferentially inhibits their invasion via ROS-ER-MAPKs- XXXX .

answer: @entity3726 :: (1649,Gene) :: ['CHOP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Culture results affect the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity85 . To our knowledge, no previous large-scale study has assessed the relative value of culture methods employed during the evaluation of these conditions. The purpose of this study was to identify an optimal culture strategy for pediatric @entity85 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity85 were retrospectively studied to assess culture results from the @entity281 site or blood; culture type, including aerobic, anaerobic, fungal, and acid-fast bacteria (AFB); antibiotic exposure history; and clinical history of @entity1 with positive culture results. RESULTS: We studied 869 @entity1 , including 353 with @entity4034 , 199 with @entity5414 , forty-two with @entity6735 , and 275 with abscess. The 4537 cultures processed included 1303 aerobic, 903 anaerobic, 340 fungal, 289 AFB, and 1702 blood. Of 3004 specimens sent during initial work-up, positive results occurred in 677 of 1049 aerobic cultures (64.5%), 140 of 763 blood cultures (18.3%), eighteen of 722 anaerobic cultures (2.5%), five of 251 fungal cultures (2.0%), and two of 219 AFB cultures (0.9%). @entity794 was the most common pathogen isolated, from 428 (50.7%) of 844 @entity1 for whom blood or @entity281 -site culture material was sent (methicillin-resistant @entity794 , 252; and oxacillin-sensitive @entity794 , 176). Cultures were negative in 206 (29.0%) of the 710 @entity1 for whom culture material from the site of @entity281 was sent. @entity1 with true-positive anaerobic, fungal, or AFB cultures had a history of immunocompromise, penetrating inoculation, or failed primary treatment. Antibiotic exposure prior to culture-sample acquisition did not interfere with aerobic culture results from the site of @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that anaerobic, fungal, and AFB cultures should not be routinely performed during the initial evaluation of @entity1 with @entity85 . These cultures should be performed for @entity1 with immunocompromise, clinical suspicion of penetrating inoculation, or failed primary treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Microbiological culture methods for pediatric XXXX : a guideline for optimal use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal infection', 'hematogenous musculoskeletal infection']

entities_list: @entity6735 :: ('MESH:D052880', 'Disease') :: ['pyomyositis']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4917 ( @entity4917 ) is a mixed @entity361 characterised by varicose veins, @entity1211 , and @entity1184 of soft tissue and bone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes in @entity4917 @entity1 to provide standards for comparison with endovenous therapy. METHODS: The clinical data of consecutive @entity1 with @entity4917 who underwent open venous surgical treatment between January 1987 and December 2008 were reviewed. Demographics, clinical presentation, operative data, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Follow-up information was obtained from the medical records, mailed questionnaires and phone calls. Descriptive statistics, the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank statistics were used where appropriate. RESULTS: Twenty-seven females and 22 males, (mean age 26.5 years, range 7.7-55.8) were included in this study. All had varicose veins, 36 (73%) had limb @entity1184 , and 33 (67%) had @entity600 , with two of three clinical features present in all. The most frequent symptom was @entity158 (N   =   43, 88%). Forty-nine @entity1 underwent operations on 53 limbs. Stripping of the GSV, small and accessory saphenous and lateral embryonic veins was performed in 17 (32%), 10 (19%), 9 (17%), and 15 (28%) limbs, respectively. Two @entity1 developed @entity1150 , one had @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ), and one @entity1 had @entity3030 . Freedom from disabling @entity158 at 1, 3 and 5 years was 95%, 77% and 59%, respectively, and freedom from secondary procedures was 78% at 3 years, and 74% at 5 years. At the last follow-up visit, the venous clinical severity score had decreased from 9.48        3.27 to 6.07        3.20 (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In selected symptomatic @entity1 with @entity751 , open surgical treatment is safe and durable. Three-fourths of the @entity1 remain free of disabling @entity158 at five years, but secondary procedures are required in one-fourth of the @entity1 . These data can serve as standards for comparison of endovenous therapy for @entity751 .

title: Surgical treatment of varicose veins and XXXX in @entity4917 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3030 :: ('MESH:D020427', 'Disease') :: ['peroneal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['capillary malformations']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['KT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4917 :: ('MESH:D007715', 'Disease') :: ['KTS', 'Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal malformation']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous and capillary malformations']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4917 ( @entity4917 ) is a mixed @entity361 characterised by varicose veins, @entity1211 , and @entity1184 of soft tissue and bone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes in @entity4917 @entity1 to provide standards for comparison with endovenous therapy. METHODS: The clinical data of consecutive @entity1 with @entity4917 who underwent open venous surgical treatment between January 1987 and December 2008 were reviewed. Demographics, clinical presentation, operative data, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Follow-up information was obtained from the medical records, mailed questionnaires and phone calls. Descriptive statistics, the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank statistics were used where appropriate. RESULTS: Twenty-seven females and 22 males, (mean age 26.5 years, range 7.7-55.8) were included in this study. All had varicose veins, 36 (73%) had limb @entity1184 , and 33 (67%) had @entity600 , with two of three clinical features present in all. The most frequent symptom was @entity158 (N   =   43, 88%). Forty-nine @entity1 underwent operations on 53 limbs. Stripping of the GSV, small and accessory saphenous and lateral embryonic veins was performed in 17 (32%), 10 (19%), 9 (17%), and 15 (28%) limbs, respectively. Two @entity1 developed @entity1150 , one had @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ), and one @entity1 had @entity3030 . Freedom from disabling @entity158 at 1, 3 and 5 years was 95%, 77% and 59%, respectively, and freedom from secondary procedures was 78% at 3 years, and 74% at 5 years. At the last follow-up visit, the venous clinical severity score had decreased from 9.48        3.27 to 6.07        3.20 (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In selected symptomatic @entity1 with @entity751 , open surgical treatment is safe and durable. Three-fourths of the @entity1 remain free of disabling @entity158 at five years, but secondary procedures are required in one-fourth of the @entity1 . These data can serve as standards for comparison of endovenous therapy for @entity751 .

title: Surgical treatment of varicose veins and @entity1211 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4917 :: (MESH:D007715,Disease) :: ['Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome']


abstract: Growing evidence suggests important roles for specialized platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha-positive (PDGFRalpha(+)) cells in regulating the behaviors of visceral smooth muscle organs. Examination of the female reproductive tracts of @entity19 and monkeys showed that PDGFRalpha(+) cells form extensive networks in ovary, oviduct, and uterus. PDGFRalpha(+) cells were located in discrete locations within these organs, and their distribution and density were similar in rodents and primates. PDGFRalpha(+) cells were distinct from smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). This was demonstrated with immunohistochemical techniques and by performing molecular expression studies on PDGFRalpha(+) cells from @entity19 with enhanced green fluorescent protein driven off of the endogenous promoter for Pdgfralpha. Significant differences in gene expression were found in PDGFRalpha(+) cells from ovary, oviduct, and uterus. Differences in gene expression were also detected in cells from different tissue regions within the same organ (e.g., uterine myometrium vs. endometrium). PDGFRalpha(+) cells are unlikely to provide pacemaker activity because they lack significant expression of key pacemaker genes found in ICC (Kit and @entity48923 ). @entity16899 encoding @entity16899 was expressed at relatively high levels in PDGFRalpha(+) cells (except in the ovary), suggesting these cells can form gap junctions to one another and neighboring smooth muscle cells. PDGFRalpha(+) cells also expressed the early response transcription factor and proto-oncogene @entity9830 , particularly in the ovary. These data demonstrate extensive distribution of PDGFRalpha(+) cells throughout the female reproductive tract. These cells are a heterogeneous population of cells that are likely to contribute to different aspects of physiological regulation in the various anatomical niches they occupy.

title: A novel class of interstitial cells in the XXXX and monkey female reproductive tracts.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Background. @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) has an important impact in public health with high morbidity and mortality. Prothrombotic and proinflammatory states are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) is the major inhibitor of the fibrinolysis and also is part of immune response. The @entity71312 gene polymorphism is related to increased @entity2289 protein levels. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association of @entity71312 @entity2289 polymorphism with @entity1187 . Methods. A total of 646 individuals were recruited from Western Mexico: 350 unrelated healthy subjects and 296 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity1187 . Results. The most important risk factor in our population was @entity101 , followed by smoking. The genetic distribution showed an association of the A allele (OR = 1.27, P = 0.04) and AA genotype (OR = 1.86, P = 0.02) with @entity1187 . The recessive model displayed similar results (OR = 1.76, P = 0.02). As additional finding, we observed significant differences in the genetic distribution of @entity1187 dyslipidemic @entity1 (OR = 1.99, P = 0.04). The A allele and AA genotype of -844 polymorphism of @entity2289 gene are risk factors for @entity1187 . The AA genotype might be associated with the development of @entity2299 in @entity1187 @entity1 .

title: The XXXX @entity2289 Polymorphism Is Associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Mexican Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'Acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-1', 'Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

answer: @entity71312 :: (c|SUB|G|-844|A,DNAMutation) :: ['-844 G>A']


abstract: Background. @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) has an important impact in public health with high morbidity and mortality. Prothrombotic and proinflammatory states are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) is the major inhibitor of the fibrinolysis and also is part of immune response. The @entity71312 gene polymorphism is related to increased @entity2289 protein levels. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association of @entity71312 @entity2289 polymorphism with @entity1187 . Methods. A total of 646 individuals were recruited from Western Mexico: 350 unrelated healthy subjects and 296 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity1187 . Results. The most important risk factor in our population was @entity101 , followed by smoking. The genetic distribution showed an association of the A allele (OR = 1.27, P = 0.04) and AA genotype (OR = 1.86, P = 0.02) with @entity1187 . The recessive model displayed similar results (OR = 1.76, P = 0.02). As additional finding, we observed significant differences in the genetic distribution of @entity1187 dyslipidemic @entity1 (OR = 1.99, P = 0.04). The A allele and AA genotype of -844 polymorphism of @entity2289 gene are risk factors for @entity1187 . The AA genotype might be associated with the development of @entity2299 in @entity1187 @entity1 .

title: The @entity71312 XXXX Polymorphism Is Associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Mexican Population.

answer: @entity2289 :: (5054,Gene) :: ['PAI-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trained local screeners assessed the mental-health status of male and female students in Northern Ugandan schools. The study aimed to disclose potential differences in mental health-related impairment in two groups, former @entity1 soldiers (n   =   354) and other war-affected youth (n   =   489), as well as to separate factors predicting @entity1032 in learners. METHODS: @entity1 were randomly selected. We used the Post-Traumatic Diagnostic Scale to assess symptoms of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) and for potential @entity308 the respective section of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist with a locally validated cut-off. RESULTS: Almost all respondents had been displaced at least once in their life. 30% of @entity1 and 50% of the @entity1 in the study reported past abduction history. @entity130 exposure was notably higher in the group of abductees. In former @entity1 soldiers, a @entity1005 rate of 32% was remarkably higher than that for non-abductees (12%). Especially in @entity1 rates of potential @entity308 were double those in the group of former abductees (17%) than in the group of non-abductees (8%). In all groups, trauma exposure increased the risk of developing @entity1005 . A path-analytic model for developing @entity1005 and potential @entity308 revealed both previous trauma exposure as well as duration of abduction to have significant influences on trauma-related @entity1032 . Findings also suggest that in Northern Ugandan schools @entity72 are common among war-affected learners. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it is suggested the school context should be used to provide mental-health support structures within the education system for war-affected youth at likely risk of developing war-related mental distress.

title: From War to Classroom: @entity1005 and XXXX in Formerly Abducted Youth in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['boys', 'Participants', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental suffering']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['trauma spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trained local screeners assessed the mental-health status of male and female students in Northern Ugandan schools. The study aimed to disclose potential differences in mental health-related impairment in two groups, former @entity1 soldiers (n   =   354) and other war-affected youth (n   =   489), as well as to separate factors predicting @entity1032 in learners. METHODS: @entity1 were randomly selected. We used the Post-Traumatic Diagnostic Scale to assess symptoms of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) and for potential @entity308 the respective section of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist with a locally validated cut-off. RESULTS: Almost all respondents had been displaced at least once in their life. 30% of @entity1 and 50% of the @entity1 in the study reported past abduction history. @entity130 exposure was notably higher in the group of abductees. In former @entity1 soldiers, a @entity1005 rate of 32% was remarkably higher than that for non-abductees (12%). Especially in @entity1 rates of potential @entity308 were double those in the group of former abductees (17%) than in the group of non-abductees (8%). In all groups, trauma exposure increased the risk of developing @entity1005 . A path-analytic model for developing @entity1005 and potential @entity308 revealed both previous trauma exposure as well as duration of abduction to have significant influences on trauma-related @entity1032 . Findings also suggest that in Northern Ugandan schools @entity72 are common among war-affected learners. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it is suggested the school context should be used to provide mental-health support structures within the education system for war-affected youth at likely risk of developing war-related mental distress.

title: From War to Classroom: XXXX and @entity308 in Formerly Abducted Youth in Uganda.

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['PTSD']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The advent of checkpoint inhibitors has fostered great expectations for long-term outcome in @entity5 @entity1 . Inhibitors of programmed death -1, programmed @entity4386 are targets of contemporary @entity5 immunotherapy. Current phase III studies are ongoing and may define a novel treatment paradigm in metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC). This review focuses on current clinical data in mRCC. RECENT FINDINGS: Nivolumab and ipilimumab are the most advanced checkpoint inhibitors in the field of mRCC. Current available data include phase I and randomized phase II trials, investigating single agent or combination therapies in mRCC, with objective responses in 20-52% of @entity1 and 19-26 months overall survival in previously treated @entity1 . SUMMARY: Immunotherapies have fostered great expectations on long-term overall survival in mRCC. As seen with previous cytokine treatment, long-term response is a key clinical outcome. Phase III data for previously treated @entity1 are expected later this year and may define a novel standard for treatment. Combinational therapies have generated promising response data, indicating a potential role in treatment intensification in mRCC. Combination treatment is associated with ample @entity137 , which might restrict this approach to selected @entity1 . The major task for the future is to tailor immunotherapy for individual @entity1 .

title: T-cell checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4386 :: ('1493', 'Gene') :: ['death ligand-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND We identified an outbreak of AmpC-producing @entity526 infections resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and @entity2888 (CR) among 7 @entity1 who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at hospital A during November 2012-August 2013. Gene sequencing revealed a shared novel mutation in a bla CMY gene and a distinctive fumC/ fimH typing profile. OBJECTIVE To determine the extent and epidemiologic characteristics of the outbreak, identify potential sources of transmission, design and implement infection control measures, and determine the association between the CR @entity526 and AmpC @entity526 circulating at hospital A. METHODS We reviewed laboratory, medical, and endoscopy reports, and endoscope reprocessing procedures. We obtained cultures from endoscopes after reprocessing as well as environmental samples and conducted pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and gene sequencing on phenotypic AmpC isolates from @entity1 and endoscopes. Cases were those infected with phenotypic AmpC isolates (both @entity2893 -susceptible and CR) and identical bla CMY-2, fumC, and fimH alleles or related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. RESULTS Thirty-five of 49 AmpC @entity526 tested met the case definition, including all CR isolates. All cases had complicated @entity253 and had undergone at least 1 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at hospital A. Mortality at 30 days was 16% for all @entity1 and 56% for CR @entity1 . Two of 8 reprocessed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography scopes harbored AmpC that matched case isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Environmental cultures were negative. No breaches in infection control were identified. Endoscopic reprocessing exceeded manufacturer's recommended cleaning guidelines. CONCLUSION Recommended reprocessing guidelines are not sufficient. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1-9.

title: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography-Associated AmpC XXXX Outbreak.

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity2888 :: ('MESH:D015780', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenems']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary disease']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The goal of the present study was to examine whether @entity227 (WM) capacity allocation is determined solely by complexity, with the number of objects being redundant, as suggested by flexible resource models. @entity1 performed the change detection task with random polygons as stimuli, while we monitored the @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ), an electrophysiological marker whose amplitude rises as WM load increases. In Experiment 1, we compared the WM maintenance of one whole polygon to a single half of the polygon, equating the number of items but varying the complexity level. Additionally, we compared the whole polygon to two halves of a polygon, thus roughly equating perceptual complexity but manipulating the number of items. The results suggested that only the number of objects determined WM capacity allocation: the @entity3457 was identical when comparing one whole polygon to one polygon half, even though these conditions differed in complexity. Furthermore, the @entity3457 amplitude was lower in the whole polygon condition relative to the two halves condition, even though both contained roughly the same amount of information. Experiment 2 extended these results by showing that two polygon halves that moved separately but then met and moved together were gradually integrated to consume similar WM capacity as one polygon half. Additionally, in both experiments we found an object benefit in accuracy, corroborating the important role of objects in WM. Our results demonstrate that WM capacity allocation cannot be explained by complexity alone. Instead, it is highly sensitive to objecthood, as suggested by discrete slot models.

title: The number of objects determines XXXX capacity allocation for complex items.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual working memory']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral delay activity', 'CDA']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual working memory']


abstract: Physical exercise may provide protection against the @entity73 associated with @entity195 , although the mechanisms are not clear. In the present study, APP/ @entity20933 double-transgenic and wild-type @entity19 were allowed unlimited @entity2798 for 7months. Consistent with previous reports, wheel-running improved cognition in the double- @entity19 . Interestingly, the average daily distance run was strongly correlated with spatial memory in the water maze in wild-type @entity19 (r(2)=.959), but uncorrelated in transgenics (r(2)=.013). Proteomics analysis showed that sedentary @entity19 differed significantly from sedentary wild-types with respect to proteins involved in synaptic transmission, cytoskeletal regulation, and neurogenesis. When given an opportunity to exercise, the transgenics' deficiencies in cytoskeletal regulation and neurogenesis largely normalized, but abnormal synaptic proteins did not change. In contrast, exercise enhanced proteins associated with cytoskeletal regulation, oxidative phosphorylation, and synaptic transmission in wild-type @entity19 . Soluble and insoluble Ab40 and Ab42 levels were significantly decreased in both cortex and hippocampus of active transgenics, suggesting that this may have played a role in the cognitive improvement in APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 . b-secretase was significantly reduced in active APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 compared to sedentary controls, suggesting a mechanism for reduced Ab. Taken together, these data illustrate that exercise improves memory in wild-type and APP-overexpressing @entity19 in fundamentally different ways.

title: Differential proteomic and behavioral effects of long-term XXXX in wild-type and APP-overexpressing transgenics.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline and neuropathology']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary exercise']

answer: @entity2798 :: (MESH:D009155,Disease) :: ['voluntary exercise']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 factor alpha ( @entity310 )-antagonism effectively treats @entity31 ( @entity31 ). The golimumab clinical programme evaluated subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) induction, and SC maintenance regimens, in @entity310 -antagonist-na  ve @entity1 with moderate-to-severe active @entity31 despite conventional treatment. AIM: To evaluate dose-response relationship, select IV golimumab induction doses for continued development, and evaluate the safety and efficacy of selected doses. METHODS: Adults with Mayo scores of 6-12 and endoscopic subscores >= 2 were enrolled into this multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, integrated Phase 2/3 dose-finding/dose-confirming study. In Phase 2, 176 @entity1 were randomised (1:1:1:1) to a single IV infusion of placebo, 1-, 2- or 4-mg/kg golimumab. While Phase 2 data were analysed to select doses for continued development, 71 additional @entity1 were randomised. Phase 3 enrolment stopped after 44 additional @entity1 were randomised (1:1:1) to placebo, 2- or 4-mg/kg golimumab. Due to insufficient power for the Phase 3 primary endpoint analysis (clinical response at week 6), efficacy analyses are considered exploratory and include all randomised @entity1 . RESULTS: No dose-response was observed in Phase 2; however, higher serum golimumab exposure was associated with greater proportions of @entity1 achieving more favourable clinical outcomes, clinical response and greater improvement in Mayo scores compared with placebo-treated @entity1 and those with lower serum concentrations. Among all randomised @entity1 , numerically greater proportions were in clinical response at week 6 in the 2- and 4-mg/kg golimumab groups compared with placebo [44.0% (33/75) and 41.6% (32/77) vs. 30.1% (22/73)]. CONCLUSIONS: Efficacy with single-dose golimumab IV induction was lower than expected and less than observed in the SC induction study. No new safety findings were observed. ClinicalTrials.gov Number, NCT00488774.

title: Randomised clinical trial: a placebo-controlled study of intravenous golimumab induction therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has gained interest as a potential therapy for advanced treatment-resistant @entity303 . However, possible targets for DBS and the optimal stimulation parameters are not yet clear. Here, we compared the effects of DBS of the @entity1249 sub-region of the hippocampus, mammillothalamic tract, anterior thalamic nucleus, and entorhinal cortex in an experimental @entity35 model of @entity303 . @entity35 with @entity5591 -induced @entity2730 were assessed in the object location task with different DBS parameters. Moreover, @entity148 -related side effects were evaluated in the elevated zero maze and open field. After sacrifice, we applied @entity5019 immunohistochemistry to assess which memory-related regions were affected by DBS. When comparing all structures, DBS of the entorhinal cortex and @entity1249 sub-region was able to restore @entity2414 when a specific set of stimulation parameters was used. No @entity148 -related side effects were found following DBS. The beneficial behavioral performance of @entity1249 DBS @entity35 was accompanied with an activation of cells in the anterior cingulate gyrus. Therefore, we conclude that acute @entity1249 DBS restores @entity2414 possibly through improved attentional and cognitive processes in the limbic cortex.

title: Behavioral effects of deep brain stimulation of different areas of the Papez circuit on memory- and XXXX -related functions.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Context effects are described as effects of a given treatment, not directly caused by the treatment itself, but rather caused by the context in which treatment is delivered. Exercise is a recommended core treatment in clinical guidelines for @entity85 . Although moderately effective overall, variation is seen in size of response to exercise across @entity23 ( @entity23 ) studies. Part of this variation may be related to the fact that exercise interventions are performed in different physical environments, which may affect @entity1 differently. The study aims to investigate the effect of exercising in a contextually enhanced physical environment for 8   weeks in @entity1 with knee or @entity158 . METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study is a double-blind @entity23 . Eligible @entity1 are 35   years or older with persisting knee and/or @entity158 for 3   months. @entity1 are randomised to one of three groups: (1) exercise in a contextually enhanced environment, (2) exercise in a standard environment and (3) waiting list. The contextually enhanced environment is located in a newly built facility, has large windows providing abundant daylight and overlooks a recreational park. The standard environment is in a basement, has artificial lighting and is marked by years of use; that is, resembling many clinical environments. The primary outcome is the @entity1 's global perceived effect rated on a seven-point Likert scale after 8   weeks exercise. @entity1 -reported and objective secondary outcomes are included. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The Regional Scientific Ethical Committee for Southern Denmark has approved the study. Study findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and presented at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02043613.

title: Exploring the effect of space and place on response to exercise therapy for knee and XXXX -a protocol for a double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial: the CONEX trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomised controlled trial']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['hip pain']


abstract: AIMS: To calculate the @entity285 -attributable fraction (AAF) of injury morbidity by volume of consumption prior to injury based on newly reported relative risk (RR) estimates. DESIGN: AAF estimates based on the dose-response RR estimates obtained from previous pair-matched case-crossover fractional polynomial analysis of mean volume in volume categories were calculated from the prevalence of drinking prior to injury in each volume category. SETTING: Thirty-seven @entity341 ( @entity341 ) across 18 countries. @entity1 : Probability samples of @entity1 , with equal representation of each shift for each day of the week, totaling 14,026 who arrived at the @entity2613 within six hours of injury from @entity2613 studies conducted between 2001 and 2011. MEASUREMENTS: AAF was analyzed by gender, age (18-30; >30), cause of injury (traffic, assault, fall, other), and country @entity7944 ( @entity7944 ). FINDINGS: For the @entity341 analyzed, 16.4% of all @entity130 were estimated to be attributable to @entity285 , and the AAF did not vary by age but was over twice as large for males (20.6%; 19.3-21.8) than for females (8.6%; 7.5-9.7%). While females were at greater risk of injury than males at higher volume levels, lower prevalence of @entity1 drinking at higher levels contributed to overall lower AAF for @entity1 . Assault-related @entity130 showed the largest AAF (44.1%; 37.6-42.6). AAF was slightly higher for @entity130 from falls (14.3%; 12.9-15.7) than motor vehicle crashes (11.1%; 9.3-12.9). AAF was higher in those countries with a @entity7944 of 3 (18.6; 17.5-19.7) and 4 (19.4%; 17.3-21.6) than those with a @entity7944 of 2 (12.0%; 10.5-13.5). CONCLUSIONS: @entity285 -attributable @entity130 presenting in @entity341 are higher for males than females, for violence-related @entity130 compared with other types of injury, and for countries with more detrimental drinking patterns compared with those with less detrimental patterns.

title: XXXX Attributable Fraction for Injury Morbidity from the Dose-Response Relationship of Acute @entity285 Consumption: Emergency Department Data from 18 Countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['detrimental drinking pattern', 'DDP']

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: AIMS: To calculate the @entity285 -attributable fraction (AAF) of injury morbidity by volume of consumption prior to injury based on newly reported relative risk (RR) estimates. DESIGN: AAF estimates based on the dose-response RR estimates obtained from previous pair-matched case-crossover fractional polynomial analysis of mean volume in volume categories were calculated from the prevalence of drinking prior to injury in each volume category. SETTING: Thirty-seven @entity341 ( @entity341 ) across 18 countries. @entity1 : Probability samples of @entity1 , with equal representation of each shift for each day of the week, totaling 14,026 who arrived at the @entity2613 within six hours of injury from @entity2613 studies conducted between 2001 and 2011. MEASUREMENTS: AAF was analyzed by gender, age (18-30; >30), cause of injury (traffic, assault, fall, other), and country @entity7944 ( @entity7944 ). FINDINGS: For the @entity341 analyzed, 16.4% of all @entity130 were estimated to be attributable to @entity285 , and the AAF did not vary by age but was over twice as large for males (20.6%; 19.3-21.8) than for females (8.6%; 7.5-9.7%). While females were at greater risk of injury than males at higher volume levels, lower prevalence of @entity1 drinking at higher levels contributed to overall lower AAF for @entity1 . Assault-related @entity130 showed the largest AAF (44.1%; 37.6-42.6). AAF was slightly higher for @entity130 from falls (14.3%; 12.9-15.7) than motor vehicle crashes (11.1%; 9.3-12.9). AAF was higher in those countries with a @entity7944 of 3 (18.6; 17.5-19.7) and 4 (19.4%; 17.3-21.6) than those with a @entity7944 of 2 (12.0%; 10.5-13.5). CONCLUSIONS: @entity285 -attributable @entity130 presenting in @entity341 are higher for males than females, for violence-related @entity130 compared with other types of injury, and for countries with more detrimental drinking patterns compared with those with less detrimental patterns.

title: @entity285 Attributable Fraction for Injury Morbidity from the Dose-Response Relationship of Acute XXXX Consumption: Emergency Department Data from 18 Countries.

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemical fibrinolysis has been shown to be as effective as surgical debridement for the treatment of pediatric @entity3509 . However, no studies effectively evaluate antibiotic treatment. We evaluated antibiotic utilization among different treatments of pediatric @entity3509 . METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 169 @entity3509 @entity1 who underwent chemical and/or mechanical fibrinolysis at a dedicated @entity1 's hospital from 2005-2013. Data points included duration of therapy, cultures, presence of @entity39 or @entity733 , and adverse drug reactions. Immunocompromised @entity1 and those with additional foci of @entity281 were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), 123 had chemical fibrinolysis via tube thoracostomy with @entity1456 (tPA), and 19 had tPA followed by VATS. The mean (  standard deviation) duration of total antibiotic therapy was 25.7      6.5  d; following a 24  h afebrile period of 19.4      6.3  d. @entity1 who had tPA had a significantly shorter duration of parenteral antibiotic therapy when compared with primary VATS (9.2      3.6  d versus 11.6      5.5  d, P = 0.04) and VATS following tPA (9.2      3.6  d versus 14.3      8.1  d, P  <  0.01). @entity1 with @entity39 or @entity733 (n  =  26) had an increased total duration of antibiotics (29.3      5.7  d versus 25.1      6.4  d, P  <  0.01). Seventy @entity1 (41%) had an adverse reaction related to antibiotic use. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity3509 currently receive a protracted variable course of antibiotic therapy influenced by primary treatment and the presence of @entity39 or @entity733 . With a high incidence of adverse reactions, a standardized protocol with truncated treatment duration should be considered.

title: Antibiotic utilization based on primary treatment of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although adjuvant chemotherapy is a standard treatment in @entity5 , its benefit is not as clear for stage II @entity1 . In this retrospective analysis, we aimed to evaluate the survival of @entity1 with @entity5 , the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk @entity5 @entity1 , and prognostic factors in @entity34 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventeen @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity5 between January 2006 and December 2011 were included in the study. @entity1 were stratified into two groups as being low-risk and high-risk according to risk factors for @entity34 . Adjuvant @entity1487 -based chemotherapy were administered to the @entity1 with risk factors. RESULTS: Ninety-four @entity1 were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy due to high risk factors and 23 were monitored without treatment. Median follow-up time was 43 months. In terms of disease free survival and overall survival, adjuvant chemotherapy did not provide a statistically significant difference. Univariate analysis demonstrated that @entity1744 was the major risk factor for shortened disease-free survival, while bowel perforation and perineural invasion were both negative prognostic factors for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: The recommendation of adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity5 is not clear. In our study, it was found that adjuvant chemotherapy did not contribute to survival in high-risk stage II @entity1 . Due to the fact that prognosis of stage II @entity1 is good, many more @entity1 will be needed for statistically significant differences in survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy containing 5 @entity1487 is being used to high-risk stage II @entity1 although it is not a standard treatment approach.

title: Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Prognostic Factors in XXXX - Izmir Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low-risk stage II colon cancer', 'stage II colon cancer', 'stage III colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage II Colon Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Quality Audit (BQA) program of the Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand (NZ) collects data on early female @entity0 and its treatment. BQA data covered approximately half all early @entity0 diagnosed in NZ during roll-out of the BQA program in 1998-2010. Coverage increased progressively to about 80% by 2008. This is the biggest NZ @entity0 database outside the NZ Cancer Registry and it includes @entity5 and clinical management data not collected by the Registry. We used these BQA data to compare socio-demographic and @entity5 characteristics and survivals by ethnicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BQA data for 1998-2010 diagnoses were linked to NZ death records using the National Health Index (NHI) for linking. Live cases were followed up to December 31st 2010. Socio-demographic and invasive @entity5 characteristics and disease-specific survivals were compared by ethnicity. RESULTS: Five-year survivals were 87% for Maori, 84% for Pacific, 91% for other NZ cases and 90% overall. This compared with the 86% survival reported for all female breast cases covered by the NZ Cancer Registry which also included more advanced stages. Patterns of survival by clinical risk factors accorded with patterns expected from the scientific literature. Compared with Other cases, Maori and Pacific @entity1 were younger, came from more deprived areas, and had @entity5 with more ductal and fewer lobular histology types. Their @entity5 were also less likely to have a triple negative phenotype. More of the Pacific @entity1 had @entity1350 . Maori @entity1 were more likely to reside in areas more remote from regional @entity5 centres, whereas Pacific @entity1 generally lived closer to these centres than Other NZ cases. CONCLUSIONS: NZ BQA data indicate previously unreported differences in @entity0 biology by ethnicity. Maori and Pacific @entity1 had @entity0 survival compared with Other NZ @entity1 , after adjusting for socio-demographic and @entity5 characteristics. The potential contributions to survival differences of variations in service access, timeliness and quality of care, need to be examined, along with effects of co- morbidity and biological factors.

title: XXXX Characteristics and Survival Differences between Maori, Pacific and other New Zealand @entity1 Included in the Quality Audit Program of Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['larger cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'reduced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Quality Audit (BQA) program of the Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand (NZ) collects data on early female @entity0 and its treatment. BQA data covered approximately half all early @entity0 diagnosed in NZ during roll-out of the BQA program in 1998-2010. Coverage increased progressively to about 80% by 2008. This is the biggest NZ @entity0 database outside the NZ Cancer Registry and it includes @entity5 and clinical management data not collected by the Registry. We used these BQA data to compare socio-demographic and @entity5 characteristics and survivals by ethnicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BQA data for 1998-2010 diagnoses were linked to NZ death records using the National Health Index (NHI) for linking. Live cases were followed up to December 31st 2010. Socio-demographic and invasive @entity5 characteristics and disease-specific survivals were compared by ethnicity. RESULTS: Five-year survivals were 87% for Maori, 84% for Pacific, 91% for other NZ cases and 90% overall. This compared with the 86% survival reported for all female breast cases covered by the NZ Cancer Registry which also included more advanced stages. Patterns of survival by clinical risk factors accorded with patterns expected from the scientific literature. Compared with Other cases, Maori and Pacific @entity1 were younger, came from more deprived areas, and had @entity5 with more ductal and fewer lobular histology types. Their @entity5 were also less likely to have a triple negative phenotype. More of the Pacific @entity1 had @entity1350 . Maori @entity1 were more likely to reside in areas more remote from regional @entity5 centres, whereas Pacific @entity1 generally lived closer to these centres than Other NZ cases. CONCLUSIONS: NZ BQA data indicate previously unreported differences in @entity0 biology by ethnicity. Maori and Pacific @entity1 had @entity0 survival compared with Other NZ @entity1 , after adjusting for socio-demographic and @entity5 characteristics. The potential contributions to survival differences of variations in service access, timeliness and quality of care, need to be examined, along with effects of co- morbidity and biological factors.

title: @entity0 Characteristics and Survival Differences between Maori, Pacific and other New Zealand XXXX Included in the Quality Audit Program of Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: PURPOSE: Torsion angle determines the incidence of @entity39 among @entity1 with @entity43 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between torsion angle and findings on CT scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed CT scan findings obtained less than 36  h before surgery for 31 @entity1 with @entity43 . Ovarian torsion angles measured intraoperatively ranged from 90   to 1260  . Ovaries with torsion angles less than 360   rarely develop @entity39 . @entity1 were divided into two groups according to torsion angle:  <360   (Group A) and  >= 360   (Group B). A lesion corresponding to an @entity5274 and mesovarium containing dilated veins between the uterus and twisted ovary is referred to as a "mass-like @entity4 ". RESULTS: A mass-like @entity4 occurred more often in Group B (p  <  0.05) and had the highest correlation with torsion angles  >= 360  . A mass-like @entity4 lacking enhancement or a high-density area was significantly different between the groups (p  <  0.05) and was also indicative of torsion angles  >= 360  . CONCLUSION: A mass-like @entity4 alone or with a high-density area or lack of enhancement suggests an @entity43 angle  >= 360  . The presence of these findings predict @entity43 and may allow ovary-sparing treatment.

title: CT prediction of the degree of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian necrosis', 'ovarian torsion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['enlarged fallopian tube']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian torsion']


abstract: Disruption of the pancreatic islet environment combined with the decrease in @entity26 supply that occurs during isolation leads to poor islet survival. The aim of this study was to validate the benefit of using a plasma-based scaffold supplemented with @entity20382 to improve islet transplantation outcome. @entity35 islets were cultured in three conditions: i) control group, ii) plasma based-matrix (P-matrix), and iii) P-matrix supplemented with emulsified perfluorodecalin. After 24  h culture, matrix/cell contacts (Integrinb1, p- @entity2305 / @entity2305 , p- @entity2308 / @entity2308 ), survival ( @entity4124 , TUNEL, FDA/PI), function, and @entity16705 translocation were assessed. Afterwards, P-matrices were dissolved and the islets were intraportally transplanted. Graft function was monitored for 31 days with glycaemia and C-peptide follow up. @entity32 was assessed by histology (macrophage and granulocyte staining) and thrombin/anti-thrombin complex measurement. Islet survival correlated with an increase in integrin, @entity2305 , and @entity2308 activation in P-matrices and function was maintained. @entity20382 supplementation decreased translocation of @entity16705 in the nucleus and post-transplantation islet structure was better preserved in P-matrices, but a quicker activation of IBMIR resulted in early loss of graft function. "Oxygenating" P-matrices provided a real benefit to islet survival and resistance in  vivo. However, intraportal transplantation is not suitable for this kind of culture due to IBMIR; thus, alternative sites must be explored.

title: Impact of an autologous oxygenating matrix culture system on XXXX islet transplantation outcome.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity20382 :: ('MESH:C008805', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorodecalin', 'Perfluorodecalin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A new model of stretch-induced growth is evaluated in four @entity1573 wing muscles stretched to different extents by a spring-loaded tubular assembly. Muscles grew in length and cross section in proportion to the extent to which they were stretched. Longitudinal growth was essentially completed within 1 wk, while muscles grew in cross section through at least 5 wk of stretch. The muscles were neither denervated nor immobilized, and muscle activity as measured by EMG was not increased. Oxidative enzyme activities increased substantially with stretch in the patagialis (PAT), a twitch muscle, but were relatively unchanged in the slow-tonic @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ). Stretch altered mitochondrial enzyme proportions in the PAT, but had little effect in the @entity1347 . Capillary density was unchanged with stretch in the PAT, but decreased in the @entity1347 . Capillary density was unchanged with stretch in the PAT, but decreased in the @entity1347 . Capillary-to-fiber ratio, however, increased in both muscles. We conclude that muscles grow and adapt enzymatically due to stretch, but that these responses are dissimilar in twitch and tonic muscles.

title: Stretch-induced growth in XXXX wing muscles: a new model of stretch hypertrophy.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'anterior latissimus dorsi']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: @entity4128 @entity67 / @entity296 ( @entity4128 /C) is an @entity74 caused by defective desmosomal proteins, and it has typical histopathological features characterized by predominantly progressive @entity1560 of the right ventricle. Clinical presentations of @entity4128 /C vary from @entity1163 , progressive @entity712 ( @entity712 ), @entity1165 , and @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ). The 2010 modified Task Force criteria were established to facilitate the recognition and diagnosis of @entity4128 /C. An @entity299 ( @entity299 ) remains to be the cornerstone in prevention of @entity1164 in @entity1 fulfilling the diagnosis of definite @entity4128 /C, especially among @entity4128 /C @entity1 with @entity1163 , hemodynamically unstable @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), @entity2224 , and aborted @entity1164 . Further risk stratification is clinically valuable in the management of @entity1 with borderline or possible @entity4128 /C and mutation carriers of family members. However, given the entity of heterogeneous penetrance and non-uniform phenotypes, the standardization of clinical practice guidelines for at-risk individuals will be the next frontier to breakthrough. Antiarrhythmic drugs are prescribed frequently to @entity1 experiencing frequent @entity5707 . @entity2643 is the recommended drug of choice. @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ) has been demonstrated to effectively eliminate the drug-refractory @entity1165 in @entity1 with @entity4128 /C. However, the efficacy and clinical prognosis of @entity1212 via endocardial approach alone was disappointing prior to the era of epicardial approach. In recent years, it has been proven that the integration of endocardial and epicardial ablation by targeting the critical isthmus or eliminating abnormal electrograms within the diseased substrates could yield higher acute success and lower recurrence of @entity1165 during long-term follow-up. Heart transplantation is the final option for @entity1 with extensive disease, biventricular @entity712 with uncontrollable hemodynamic compromise, and refractory @entity1165 despite aggressive medical and ablation therapies.

title: Current and state of the art on the electrophysiologic characteristics and catheter ablation of arrhythmogenic right XXXX / @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['ARVD', 'Arrhythmogenic right']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fibro-fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['RFCA', 'Radiofrequency catheter ablation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardiac defibrillator', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias and/or appropriate ICD shocks']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysplasia']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysplasia']


abstract: @entity4128 @entity67 / @entity296 ( @entity4128 /C) is an @entity74 caused by defective desmosomal proteins, and it has typical histopathological features characterized by predominantly progressive @entity1560 of the right ventricle. Clinical presentations of @entity4128 /C vary from @entity1163 , progressive @entity712 ( @entity712 ), @entity1165 , and @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ). The 2010 modified Task Force criteria were established to facilitate the recognition and diagnosis of @entity4128 /C. An @entity299 ( @entity299 ) remains to be the cornerstone in prevention of @entity1164 in @entity1 fulfilling the diagnosis of definite @entity4128 /C, especially among @entity4128 /C @entity1 with @entity1163 , hemodynamically unstable @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), @entity2224 , and aborted @entity1164 . Further risk stratification is clinically valuable in the management of @entity1 with borderline or possible @entity4128 /C and mutation carriers of family members. However, given the entity of heterogeneous penetrance and non-uniform phenotypes, the standardization of clinical practice guidelines for at-risk individuals will be the next frontier to breakthrough. Antiarrhythmic drugs are prescribed frequently to @entity1 experiencing frequent @entity5707 . @entity2643 is the recommended drug of choice. @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ) has been demonstrated to effectively eliminate the drug-refractory @entity1165 in @entity1 with @entity4128 /C. However, the efficacy and clinical prognosis of @entity1212 via endocardial approach alone was disappointing prior to the era of epicardial approach. In recent years, it has been proven that the integration of endocardial and epicardial ablation by targeting the critical isthmus or eliminating abnormal electrograms within the diseased substrates could yield higher acute success and lower recurrence of @entity1165 during long-term follow-up. Heart transplantation is the final option for @entity1 with extensive disease, biventricular @entity712 with uncontrollable hemodynamic compromise, and refractory @entity1165 despite aggressive medical and ablation therapies.

title: Current and state of the art on the electrophysiologic characteristics and catheter ablation of arrhythmogenic right @entity67 / XXXX .

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The study was designed to formulate intravaginal devices that provide biologically active circulating concentrations of an aromatase inhibitor for a minimum of 4 days, and to determine their physiologic effects in @entity291 . Three compounds with @entity53 inhibitory capability ( @entity4672 , @entity13558 and @entity18172 ) were tested in vitro using @entity291 granulosa cell culture. @entity4672 was found to be the most efficient and potent inhibitor. A wax-based vehicle was selected for further development of a @entity4672 intravaginal device based on its steady release rate. Cycling heifers were assigned randomly to be given an intravaginal device containing wax plus gel coat (n=4), wax formulation (n=4), no formulation (blank device, control, n=4). Intravaginal devices were inserted on Day 3 (Day 0=ovulation) and kept in place for 8 days. The addition of a @entity4672 -containing gel coating hastened the initial increase on plasma concentrations, while the @entity4672 -containing wax-based vehicle maintained prolonged delivery from the intravaginal device. The dominant follicle diameter profile was larger in heifers treated with the wax plus gel coat device (P<0.04), and the interwave interval was prolonged in heifers in the @entity4672 -treated groups compared to controls (P<0.001). Plasma @entity53 concentrations were reduced significantly in the @entity4672 -treated groups. Plasma @entity1420 concentrations were lower in the wax @entity4672 -treated group (P<0.02). We concluded that wax base plus gel coat intravaginal devices are suitable for the development of a @entity4672 -based protocol for the synchronization of ovulation in @entity291 . It effectively reduced @entity53 production resulting in prolonged dominant follicle growth and lifespan, without adversely affecting @entity1420 production.

title: Formulation and testing of a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor intravaginal device for the control of ovarian function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18172 :: ('MESH:D005273', 'Chemical') :: ['fenbendazole']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole', 'Letrozole']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7408 is currently ranked as the second, most frequently isolated etiological factor of @entity1 @entity364 , next only to @entity5132 . In comparison to @entity5132 , @entity7408 shows lower susceptibility to @entity8201 , the most common agents used in treatment of @entity364 . Interestingly, the mechanisms of resistance to @entity5638 agents in @entity5132 have been much better investigated than those in @entity7408 . The aim of the presented study was to determine the mechanisms of resistance to @entity8201 in 81 @entity7408 clinical isolates from three different hospitals in Poland. The investigation carried out with Sensititre @entity375 One test revealed that 18 strains were resistant to @entity2380 , and 15 of them were cross-resistant to all other @entity8201 tested ( @entity5074 , @entity7143 and @entity2059 ). One isolate resistant to @entity2380 was cross-resistant to @entity5074 , and resistance to @entity5074 only was observed in six other isolates. All strains were found susceptible to @entity5626 and @entity2379 , and five were classified as resistant to @entity4895 . The sequence of ERG11 gene coding for @entity18749 14-a demethylase (the molecular target of @entity8201 ) of 41 isolates, including all strains resistant to @entity2380 and three resistant only to @entity5074 , was determined, and no @entity535 substitutions were found. Real-time PCR studies revealed that the resistant strains showed up-regulation of the CDR1 gene coding for the efflux pump. No up-regulation of the expression of CDR2 nor ERG11 genes was observed.

title: Mechanisms of XXXX resistance among clinical isolates of @entity7408 in Poland.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['C. glabrata', 'Candida glabrata']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity18749 :: ('MESH:D007810', 'Chemical') :: ['lanosterol']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorocytosine']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity5638 :: (CHEBI:68452,Chemical) :: ['azole']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7408 is currently ranked as the second, most frequently isolated etiological factor of @entity1 @entity364 , next only to @entity5132 . In comparison to @entity5132 , @entity7408 shows lower susceptibility to @entity8201 , the most common agents used in treatment of @entity364 . Interestingly, the mechanisms of resistance to @entity5638 agents in @entity5132 have been much better investigated than those in @entity7408 . The aim of the presented study was to determine the mechanisms of resistance to @entity8201 in 81 @entity7408 clinical isolates from three different hospitals in Poland. The investigation carried out with Sensititre @entity375 One test revealed that 18 strains were resistant to @entity2380 , and 15 of them were cross-resistant to all other @entity8201 tested ( @entity5074 , @entity7143 and @entity2059 ). One isolate resistant to @entity2380 was cross-resistant to @entity5074 , and resistance to @entity5074 only was observed in six other isolates. All strains were found susceptible to @entity5626 and @entity2379 , and five were classified as resistant to @entity4895 . The sequence of ERG11 gene coding for @entity18749 14-a demethylase (the molecular target of @entity8201 ) of 41 isolates, including all strains resistant to @entity2380 and three resistant only to @entity5074 , was determined, and no @entity535 substitutions were found. Real-time PCR studies revealed that the resistant strains showed up-regulation of the CDR1 gene coding for the efflux pump. No up-regulation of the expression of CDR2 nor ERG11 genes was observed.

title: Mechanisms of @entity5638 resistance among clinical isolates of XXXX in Poland.

answer: @entity7408 :: (5478,Species) :: ['Candida glabrata']


abstract: @entity2828 is an uncommon @entity5 that primarily occurs in the long bones of the lower and upper extremities. Only 2% involve the mandible, and the maxilla is involved one eighth as often as the mandible. The most common site of metastases is the lung. Increasing @entity158 is the most common presenting symptom. A case of mandibular involvement is presented. The combination of a large, soft tissue mass adjacent to an area of @entity79 in a young male should suggest the diagnosis. The previously poor five- and ten-year survival rates of 8 and 4% respectively, may have promise of marked improvement. This improvement lies in a changing philosophy of treatment. Four-drug chemotherapy combined with prophylactic whole-lung irradiation has been added to local irradiation of the @entity5 bed. Five-year survival figures of 20 to 30% appear obtainable. Although extensive surgical resection of the @entity5 in the long bones has for the most part been replaced by local irradiation for control, surgery in mandibular cases may still be the treatment of choice.

title: XXXX of the mandible.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: @entity20818 and @entity3520 are examples of task-specific @entity3519 . Recently, the @entity71313 ( @entity71313 ) locus was suggested to be associated with @entity20818 and @entity3520 by a genome-wide association study. To test for the presence of causal variants, the entire coding region and exon-intron boundaries of @entity71313 were sequenced in DNA samples from 158 @entity20818 @entity1 which were collected at the University of Music, Drama, and Media (Hanover, Germany), and 72 @entity1 with @entity3520 which were recruited at the Academic Medical Centers in Amsterdam and Groningen, the Netherlands. The frequency of variants within @entity71313 was compared to publically available data at the exome variant server (EVS) from the NHLBI GO Exome Sequencing Project. We identified 11 single @entity4334 variants (SNVs) in the @entity1 including eight non-synonymous substitutions. All variants have previously been reported at EVS including two SNVs with a reported minor allele frequency <1  %. One rare missense variant, @entity71314 ( @entity71315 ), was significantly enriched in the group of @entity3520 @entity1 compared to European Americans in EVS database (p  =  0.0013). In @entity1 with @entity3520 , there was an overall enrichment for rare, protein-changing variants compared to controls (p  <  0.01). In conclusion, we did not detect any conclusive mutation in @entity71313 . However, we showed an association with @entity71314 in @entity1 with @entity3520 that contributed to an overall enrichment for rare, protein-changing variants in these @entity1 . Thus, our data provide further support for a role of @entity71313 variants in task-specific @entity3519 , especially @entity3520 .

title: Accumulation of rare variants in the XXXX ( @entity71313 ) gene in task-specific @entity3519 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ["writer's cramp"]

entities_list: @entity20818 :: ('MESH:C567627', 'Disease') :: ["musician's dystonia", "Musician's dystonia"]

answer: @entity71313 :: (22901,Gene) :: ['arylsulfatase G']


abstract: @entity20818 and @entity3520 are examples of task-specific @entity3519 . Recently, the @entity71313 ( @entity71313 ) locus was suggested to be associated with @entity20818 and @entity3520 by a genome-wide association study. To test for the presence of causal variants, the entire coding region and exon-intron boundaries of @entity71313 were sequenced in DNA samples from 158 @entity20818 @entity1 which were collected at the University of Music, Drama, and Media (Hanover, Germany), and 72 @entity1 with @entity3520 which were recruited at the Academic Medical Centers in Amsterdam and Groningen, the Netherlands. The frequency of variants within @entity71313 was compared to publically available data at the exome variant server (EVS) from the NHLBI GO Exome Sequencing Project. We identified 11 single @entity4334 variants (SNVs) in the @entity1 including eight non-synonymous substitutions. All variants have previously been reported at EVS including two SNVs with a reported minor allele frequency <1  %. One rare missense variant, @entity71314 ( @entity71315 ), was significantly enriched in the group of @entity3520 @entity1 compared to European Americans in EVS database (p  =  0.0013). In @entity1 with @entity3520 , there was an overall enrichment for rare, protein-changing variants compared to controls (p  <  0.01). In conclusion, we did not detect any conclusive mutation in @entity71313 . However, we showed an association with @entity71314 in @entity1 with @entity3520 that contributed to an overall enrichment for rare, protein-changing variants in these @entity1 . Thus, our data provide further support for a role of @entity71313 variants in task-specific @entity3519 , especially @entity3520 .

title: Accumulation of rare variants in the @entity71313 ( XXXX ) gene in task-specific @entity3519 .

answer: @entity71313 :: (22901,Gene) :: ['ARSG']


abstract: @entity20818 and @entity3520 are examples of task-specific @entity3519 . Recently, the @entity71313 ( @entity71313 ) locus was suggested to be associated with @entity20818 and @entity3520 by a genome-wide association study. To test for the presence of causal variants, the entire coding region and exon-intron boundaries of @entity71313 were sequenced in DNA samples from 158 @entity20818 @entity1 which were collected at the University of Music, Drama, and Media (Hanover, Germany), and 72 @entity1 with @entity3520 which were recruited at the Academic Medical Centers in Amsterdam and Groningen, the Netherlands. The frequency of variants within @entity71313 was compared to publically available data at the exome variant server (EVS) from the NHLBI GO Exome Sequencing Project. We identified 11 single @entity4334 variants (SNVs) in the @entity1 including eight non-synonymous substitutions. All variants have previously been reported at EVS including two SNVs with a reported minor allele frequency <1  %. One rare missense variant, @entity71314 ( @entity71315 ), was significantly enriched in the group of @entity3520 @entity1 compared to European Americans in EVS database (p  =  0.0013). In @entity1 with @entity3520 , there was an overall enrichment for rare, protein-changing variants compared to controls (p  <  0.01). In conclusion, we did not detect any conclusive mutation in @entity71313 . However, we showed an association with @entity71314 in @entity1 with @entity3520 that contributed to an overall enrichment for rare, protein-changing variants in these @entity1 . Thus, our data provide further support for a role of @entity71313 variants in task-specific @entity3519 , especially @entity3520 .

title: Accumulation of rare variants in the @entity71313 ( @entity71313 ) gene in task-specific XXXX .

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pathogens are sensed by innate immune receptors that initiate an efficient adaptive immune response upon activation. The elements of the innate immune recognition process for @entity12267 include TLR-2, TLR-4, and dectin-1. However, there are additional receptors necessary for the host immune responses to @entity12267 . The @entity377 -binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLRs), which activate inflammasomes, are candidate receptors that deserve renewed investigation. After pathogen @entity281 , the NLRs form large signaling platforms called inflammasomes, which lead to @entity13761 activation and maturation of proinflammatory cytokines ( @entity6026 and IL-1b). In this study, we showed that NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 ( @entity6198 ) is required to induce @entity13761 activation and further secretion of IL-1b and @entity6026 by @entity12267 -infected macrophages. Additionally, @entity972 efflux and lysosomal acidification induced by the fungus were important steps in the @entity13761 activation mechanism. Notably, @entity6198 and @entity13761 knockout @entity19 were more susceptible to @entity281 than were the wild-type animals, suggesting that the @entity6198 -dependent inflammasomes contribute to host protection against @entity12267 . This protective effect occurred owing to the inflammatory response mediated by @entity6026 , as shown by an augmented fungus burden in @entity6026 knockout @entity19 . Taken together, our results show that the @entity6198 inflammasome is essential for resistance against @entity12267 because it orchestrates robust @entity13761 activation and triggers an @entity6026 -dependent proinflammatory response.

title: XXXX Triggered by the @entity6198 Inflammasome Induces Host Innate Resistance in a Pulmonary Model of Fungal Infection.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity12267 :: ('121759', 'Species') :: ['Paracoccidioides brasiliensis', 'P. brasiliensis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity6026 :: (16173(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-18']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pathogens are sensed by innate immune receptors that initiate an efficient adaptive immune response upon activation. The elements of the innate immune recognition process for @entity12267 include TLR-2, TLR-4, and dectin-1. However, there are additional receptors necessary for the host immune responses to @entity12267 . The @entity377 -binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLRs), which activate inflammasomes, are candidate receptors that deserve renewed investigation. After pathogen @entity281 , the NLRs form large signaling platforms called inflammasomes, which lead to @entity13761 activation and maturation of proinflammatory cytokines ( @entity6026 and IL-1b). In this study, we showed that NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 ( @entity6198 ) is required to induce @entity13761 activation and further secretion of IL-1b and @entity6026 by @entity12267 -infected macrophages. Additionally, @entity972 efflux and lysosomal acidification induced by the fungus were important steps in the @entity13761 activation mechanism. Notably, @entity6198 and @entity13761 knockout @entity19 were more susceptible to @entity281 than were the wild-type animals, suggesting that the @entity6198 -dependent inflammasomes contribute to host protection against @entity12267 . This protective effect occurred owing to the inflammatory response mediated by @entity6026 , as shown by an augmented fungus burden in @entity6026 knockout @entity19 . Taken together, our results show that the @entity6198 inflammasome is essential for resistance against @entity12267 because it orchestrates robust @entity13761 activation and triggers an @entity6026 -dependent proinflammatory response.

title: @entity6026 Triggered by the XXXX Inflammasome Induces Host Innate Resistance in a Pulmonary Model of Fungal Infection.

answer: @entity6198 :: (216799(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Nlrp3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a new surgical technique using elaborated perineal anastomotic urethroplasty combined with laparoscopic omentoplasty for @entity1 with complex and prior failed @entity174 repair was feasible, safe, and effective. METHODS: We performed a prospective, observational, stage 2a study to observe treatment outcomes of combined perineal and laparoscopic approach for urethroplasty in @entity1 with @entity174 at a single center in Pune, India, between January 2012 and February 2013. Complex and redo @entity1 with @entity174 occurring after @entity174 @entity130 were included in the study. @entity3832 were excluded. The primary study outcome was the success rate of the surgical technique, and the secondary outcome was to evaluate feasibility and safety of the procedure. The clinical outcome was considered a failure when any postoperative instrumentation was needed. RESULTS: Fifteen male @entity1 with a median age of 19 years were included in the study. Seven @entity1 were adolescents (12-18 years) and 8 @entity1 (53.3%) were adults (19-49 years). The mean number of prior urethroplasties was 1.8 (range, 1-3). All @entity1 underwent @entity254 using a perineal approach with inferior pubectomy combined with laparoscopic mobilization of the omentum into the perineum to envelope the @entity254 and to fill the perineal dead space. Of 15 @entity1 , 14 (93.3%) were successful and 1 (6.6%) failed. One adolescent @entity1 14 years old developed a recurrent stricture 2 months after the procedure and was managed using internal urethrotomy. Median follow-up was 18 months (range, 13-24 months). CONCLUSION: Combining a laparoscopic omentoplasty to a membranobulbar @entity254 for complex and redo @entity174 @entity130 is successful, feasible, safe, and with minimal additional morbidity to the @entity1 . The technique has the advantage of a perineal incision and the ability to use the omentum to support the @entity254 .

title: Laparoscopic omentoplasty to support anastomotic urethroplasty in complex and redo XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture urethral defect', 'pelvic fracture']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis', 'elaborated bulbomembranous anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['Anterior urethral strictures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['urethral injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pelvic fracture urethral defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Isoperistaltic stapled side-to-side @entity254 (SSSA), which is a modified technique from conventional antiperistaltic SSSA, has the benefits of antiperistaltic SSSA but requires less intestinal mobility. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate short-term outcomes of isoperistaltic SSSA comparing them with antiperistaltic SSSA during @entity694 surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of @entity1 with @entity694 who underwent elective curative resection and had enough intestinal mobility at @entity254 . The primary outcome was the presence of anastomotic failure, including leakage, @entity548 , and @entity850 . RESULTS: Between July 2012 and January 2014, forty @entity1 were enrolled (20 @entity1 in each group). The study was suspended on detecting excess morbidity in the isoperistaltic SSSA group. No significant differences were observed in all preoperative backgrounds between the two groups. @entity834 was seen in two @entity1 in the isoperistaltic SSSA group, compared with none in the antiperistaltic SSSA group, although the difference was not statistically significant (P  =  0.487). One @entity1 in the antiperistaltic SSSA group had @entity850 , which improved conservatively, compared with none in the isoperistaltic SSSA group (P  =  1.000). No @entity548 was seen in either group. There was no significant difference in the median postoperative hospital stay (P  =  0.313). CONCLUSIONS: This study did not show any short-term advantage or disadvantage of isoperistaltic SSSA compared with that of antiperistaltic SSSA. However, considering that @entity834 occurred only in the isoperistaltic SSSA group, additional modifications are recommended to perform safe isoperistaltic SSSA for colon surgery.

title: Isoperistaltic versus antiperistaltic stapled side-to-side XXXX for @entity694 surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Isoperistaltic stapled side-to-side @entity254 (SSSA), which is a modified technique from conventional antiperistaltic SSSA, has the benefits of antiperistaltic SSSA but requires less intestinal mobility. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate short-term outcomes of isoperistaltic SSSA comparing them with antiperistaltic SSSA during @entity694 surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of @entity1 with @entity694 who underwent elective curative resection and had enough intestinal mobility at @entity254 . The primary outcome was the presence of anastomotic failure, including leakage, @entity548 , and @entity850 . RESULTS: Between July 2012 and January 2014, forty @entity1 were enrolled (20 @entity1 in each group). The study was suspended on detecting excess morbidity in the isoperistaltic SSSA group. No significant differences were observed in all preoperative backgrounds between the two groups. @entity834 was seen in two @entity1 in the isoperistaltic SSSA group, compared with none in the antiperistaltic SSSA group, although the difference was not statistically significant (P  =  0.487). One @entity1 in the antiperistaltic SSSA group had @entity850 , which improved conservatively, compared with none in the isoperistaltic SSSA group (P  =  1.000). No @entity548 was seen in either group. There was no significant difference in the median postoperative hospital stay (P  =  0.313). CONCLUSIONS: This study did not show any short-term advantage or disadvantage of isoperistaltic SSSA compared with that of antiperistaltic SSSA. However, considering that @entity834 occurred only in the isoperistaltic SSSA group, additional modifications are recommended to perform safe isoperistaltic SSSA for colon surgery.

title: Isoperistaltic versus antiperistaltic stapled side-to-side @entity254 for XXXX surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: AIM: Being overweight has been associated with the risk of developing @entity565 , but studies have produced conflicting results, for example with regard to possible links to @entity56 . This study aimed to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and school-age @entity565 . METHODS: Data were obtained from a prospective, longitudinal study of 5044 @entity1 born in western Sweden. The parents answered questionnaires at six months and one, four-and-a-half and eight years of age. The response rate to the final questionnaire at the age of eight was just over 80%. BMI was adjusted for age and gender, and a high BMI was defined as the 85th percentile and above. RESULTS: A multivariate analysis showed an independently increased risk of doctor-diagnosed @entity565 among @entity1 with a persistently high BMI, both in infancy and at school age, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.9 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.3-6.4. In addition, persistently high BMI was associated with an increased risk of @entity12131 (aOR 4.7, 95% CI 2.0-11.0). CONCLUSION: A persistently high BMI during childhood increased the risk of doctor-diagnosed @entity565 at school age. The increased risk of @entity12131 suggests an effect mediated via the immune system.

title: A persistently high body mass index increases the risk of XXXX at  school age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['childhood asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity12131 :: (MESH:C565292,Disease) :: ['atopic asthma']