abstract: Sixteen mongrel @entity235 were depancreatized and controlled with intravenous hyperalimentation that included fat emulsion (Intralipid) for four weeks. Plasma lipids, fat tolerance test, PHLA, and presence of @entity1560 were investigated. @entity235 were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) for the purpose of studying the effect of fat emulsion. Groups A(n = 6) and B(n = 5) were given fat emulsion 1g/kg/day and 2g/kg/day respectively. Group C(n = 5) was not given fat emulsion. Group B had increased plasma total @entity165 and phospholipid. Group A had a slight increase of TG only. Group C had decreased plasma total @entity165 and phospholipid, and became hypoglycemic sometimes. The ability to clear fat emulsion expressed as (K2) decreased significantly after the 14th day in group B only. LPL, determined by the PHLA test in groups B and C only, did not change significantly. It seemed that fat emulsion was utilized in part as FFA and @entity6178 bodies. Infusion of fat emulsion did not lead to @entity1560 when insulin was administered continuously. For the depancreatized condition, it appeared that fat emulsion could be useful when blood sugar was controlled with insulin.

title: [Effect of intravenous administration of fat emulsion to depancreatized XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Cardiac sources of emboli have been frequently described in @entity1 with Transitory @entity63 Attacks (TIAs). The aim of our study was to assess the value of two-dimensional echocardiography (2D-E) in the investigation for possible cardiac aetiology of TIAs. As an offshoot of a larger epidemiologic study which aimed at determining the period prevalence of TIAs in 6.504 subject(s) of the general population aged between 40-65, fifty subjects with @entity4905 (group A) and 66 controls (group B) were studied. A @entity299 was found in 20/50 s. (40%) in group A ( @entity453 : 5; @entity101 : 4; @entity3454 : 5; left @entity439 : 2; @entity886 : 2; aortic valve prosthesis: 1; @entity955 : 1) and in 5/66 s. (7.5%) in group B (p less than 0.01) (coronary disease: 2; @entity101 : 1; @entity3454 : 2). A potential source of emboli was present in 11 s. in group A (22%) and in 2 s. in group B (3%) (p less than 0.01). In 4/50 s. in group A and in 1/66 in group B the diagnosis was obtained by means of 2D-E only, because other clinical signs and ECG data were negative. 2D-E could only confirm the diagnosis in the remaining cases, with no additional information (i.e., no intracavitary masses were seen). In conclusion there is a high prevalence of @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity4905 over 40 years of age. A cardiac source of emboli may be suspected in a substantial number of cases. Nevertheless the value of routine 2D-E in disclosing an otherwise undetected source of emboli is rather low.

title: [Role of two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of embolic cardiopathy in XXXX with transient cerebral ischemia attacks].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity43 has high rate of mortality among @entity5 . Because of its @entity146 and low rate of 5 year survival of @entity1 treated, it is important to realise a screening program for its early diagnosis. Today, immunologic research is directed to the study of tumoral markers that allow us to detect the presence of still clinically silent @entity43 . Some tumoral markers such as @entity478 and @entity10224 are available for post-surgical monitoring of @entity1 treated for @entity43 . The Authors have carried out a study to evaluate the possibility of their use in the depistage of ovarian neoplastic pathology. A blood sample was taken for the evaluation of serum @entity478 and @entity10224 in a series of 520 @entity1 older than 45 years, who did not complain signs or symptoms of pelvic pathology. A pathologic value for @entity478 was considered higher than 7.3 ng/ml and for @entity10224 greater than 37 U/ml. For @entity478 2.5% (13 cases) presented pathologic values compared to 2.88% (15 cases) for @entity10224 . One third of cases (0.5%) with high levels of @entity478 had repeated blood samples. 3 of them had confirmed high levels of @entity478 but echotomography performed in these @entity1 was negative for pathologic ovarian masses. 15 @entity1 had @entity10224 high levels. 3 out of 15 cases repeated the blood sample that resulted normal. On 11 of these cases an echotomography was also performed that diagnosed a uterine myomatosis in 4 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tumoral markers ( XXXX -- @entity478 ) in the screening of @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian neoplasms', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gynecologic tumors']

answer: @entity10224 :: (94025,Gene) :: ['CA 125']


abstract: @entity43 has high rate of mortality among @entity5 . Because of its @entity146 and low rate of 5 year survival of @entity1 treated, it is important to realise a screening program for its early diagnosis. Today, immunologic research is directed to the study of tumoral markers that allow us to detect the presence of still clinically silent @entity43 . Some tumoral markers such as @entity478 and @entity10224 are available for post-surgical monitoring of @entity1 treated for @entity43 . The Authors have carried out a study to evaluate the possibility of their use in the depistage of ovarian neoplastic pathology. A blood sample was taken for the evaluation of serum @entity478 and @entity10224 in a series of 520 @entity1 older than 45 years, who did not complain signs or symptoms of pelvic pathology. A pathologic value for @entity478 was considered higher than 7.3 ng/ml and for @entity10224 greater than 37 U/ml. For @entity478 2.5% (13 cases) presented pathologic values compared to 2.88% (15 cases) for @entity10224 . One third of cases (0.5%) with high levels of @entity478 had repeated blood samples. 3 of them had confirmed high levels of @entity478 but echotomography performed in these @entity1 was negative for pathologic ovarian masses. 15 @entity1 had @entity10224 high levels. 3 out of 15 cases repeated the blood sample that resulted normal. On 11 of these cases an echotomography was also performed that diagnosed a uterine myomatosis in 4 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tumoral markers ( @entity10224 -- XXXX ) in the screening of @entity43 .

answer: @entity478 :: (5670,Gene) :: ['CEA']


abstract: @entity43 has high rate of mortality among @entity5 . Because of its @entity146 and low rate of 5 year survival of @entity1 treated, it is important to realise a screening program for its early diagnosis. Today, immunologic research is directed to the study of tumoral markers that allow us to detect the presence of still clinically silent @entity43 . Some tumoral markers such as @entity478 and @entity10224 are available for post-surgical monitoring of @entity1 treated for @entity43 . The Authors have carried out a study to evaluate the possibility of their use in the depistage of ovarian neoplastic pathology. A blood sample was taken for the evaluation of serum @entity478 and @entity10224 in a series of 520 @entity1 older than 45 years, who did not complain signs or symptoms of pelvic pathology. A pathologic value for @entity478 was considered higher than 7.3 ng/ml and for @entity10224 greater than 37 U/ml. For @entity478 2.5% (13 cases) presented pathologic values compared to 2.88% (15 cases) for @entity10224 . One third of cases (0.5%) with high levels of @entity478 had repeated blood samples. 3 of them had confirmed high levels of @entity478 but echotomography performed in these @entity1 was negative for pathologic ovarian masses. 15 @entity1 had @entity10224 high levels. 3 out of 15 cases repeated the blood sample that resulted normal. On 11 of these cases an echotomography was also performed that diagnosed a uterine myomatosis in 4 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tumoral markers ( @entity10224 -- @entity478 ) in the screening of XXXX .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The outcome of @entity421 has remained constant over the past 30 years. Histological response to preoperative chemotherapy is the best predictor of outcome. Strategies to alter treatment based on histological response have not resulted in increased survival. PROCEDURE: @entity1 with @entity421 received preoperative chemotherapy with @entity900 , @entity632 , and @entity1499 . @entity1 whose @entity5 had a good histological response (>= 90% @entity39 ) continued with the same treatment postoperatively. @entity1 with poor histological response (<90% @entity39 ) received three courses of @entity3601 100 mg/m(2) on day -4, @entity786 2,000 mg/m(2) on days -3, and -2 followed by stem cell infusion. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 were enrolled. Median age was 14 years, and 56% of @entity1 were male. The femur was the most common site. Forty @entity1 underwent limb salvage surgery and amputation was performed in six @entity1 . Forty-eight percent of @entity5 showed good histological response. Forty @entity1 were evaluable for outcome; 18 @entity1 with poor histologic response received high-dose chemotherapy. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for @entity1 treated on the high-dose chemotherapy arm were 28% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10-49) and 48% (95% CI, 23-69), respectively. The 5-year EFS and @entity1349 for @entity1 treated on the standard chemotherapy arm were 62% (95% CI, 36-80) and 74% (95% CI, 44-90), respectively. All @entity1 who received high-dose chemotherapy developed grade 3 or higher hematological @entity137 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative alkylator intensification with high-dose @entity786 and @entity3601 in @entity1 with @entity421 with poor histological response failed to improve survival.

title: Risk-Based Therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['localized osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Localized Osteosarcoma']


abstract: Importance: There is extensive evidence suggesting that black @entity1 with @entity263 (PCa) have worse @entity5 -specific mortality compared with their non-Hispanic white counterparts. Objective: To evaluate racial disparities in the use, quality of care, and outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) in elderly @entity1 (>= 65 years) with nonmetastatic PCa. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : This retrospective analysis of outcomes stratified according to race (black vs non-Hispanic white) included 2020 elderly black @entity1 (7.6%) and 24   462 elderly non-Hispanic white @entity1 (92.4%) with localized PCa who underwent RP within the first year of PCa diagnosis in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database between 1992 and 2009. The study was performed in 2014. Main Outcomes and Measures: Process of care (ie, time to treatment, lymph node dissection), as well as outcome measures (ie, complications, emergency department visits, readmissions, PCa-specific and all-cause mortality, costs) were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Multivariable conditional logistic regression and quantile regression were used to study the association of racial disparities with process of care and outcome measures. Results: The proportion of black @entity1 with @entity263 who underwent RP within 90 days was 59.4% vs 69.5% of non-Hispanic white @entity1 (P   <   .001). In quantile regression of the top 50% of @entity1 , blacks had a 7-day treatment delay compared with non-Hispanic whites. (P   <   .001). Black @entity1 were less likely to undergo lymph node dissection (odds ratio [OR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.66-0.80]; P   <   .001) but had higher odds of postoperative visits to the emergency department (within 30 days: OR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.18-1.86]); after 30 days or more (OR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.19-1.76]) and readmissions (within 30 days: OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.02-1.61]); >= 30 days (OR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.07-1.51]) compared with non-Hispanic whites. The surgical treatment of black @entity1 was associated with a higher incremental annual cost (the top 50% of blacks spent  1185.50 (95% CI ,  804.85-1  1566.10; P   <   .001) more than the top 50% of non-Hispanic whites). There was no difference in PCa-specific mortality (P   =   .16) or all-cause mortality (P   =   .64) between black and non-Hispanic white @entity1 . Conclusions and Relevance: Blacks treated with RP for localized PCa are more likely to experience adverse events and incur higher costs compared with non-Hispanic white @entity1 ; however, this does not translate into a difference in PCa-specific or all-cause mortality.

title: Racial Differences in the Surgical Care of Medicare Beneficiaries With Localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that overall cost of hospitalization for Emergency General Surgery (EGS) diseases is over  28 billion annually and rising. The purpose of this study was to estimate the costs associated with specific @entity7823 and identify factors associated with high cost hospitalizations. METHODS: The American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 definition was used to identify hospitalizations of adult EGS @entity1 in the 2010 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data. Cost of each hospitalization was obtained utilizing cost-to-charge ratio in NIS. Regression analysis was used to estimate cost for each EGS disease adjusted for @entity1 and hospital characteristics. Hospitalizations with cost exceeding 75th percentile for each EGS disease were compared to lower cost hospitalizations to identify factors associated with high cost. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity7823 resulted in 2,602,074 hospitalizations nationwide in 2010 at an average adjusted cost of  10,110 (95% CI =  10,086 to  10,134) per hospitalization. Of these, only nine diseases constituted 80% of the total volume and 74% of the total cost. @entity764 , @entity14 , and small intestine @entity5 were the most expensive @entity7823 with adjusted mean cost per hospitalization exceeding  20,000, while @entity0 , @entity490 , and soft tissue infection were the least expensive, with mean adjusted costs less than  7,000 per hospitalization. Most important factors associated with high cost hospitalizations was the number and type of procedures performed (76.2% of variance), but a region in Western United States (11.3%), Medicare and Medicaid payors (2.6%), and hospital ownership by public or not-for-profit entities (5.6%) were also associated with high cost hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS: A small number of diseases constitute a vast majority of EGS hospitalizations and their cost. Attempts at reducing the cost of EGS hospitalization will require controlling the cost of procedures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Cost of Specific Emergency General Surgery Diseases and Factors Associated with High Cost XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast infection']

entities_list: @entity7823 :: ('MESH:D021821', 'Disease') :: ['EGS diseases']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['Empyema chest']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: To assess whether free radicals affect the characteristic sequence of events in an in vitro model of @entity63 and reperfusion, isolated @entity235 cardiac Purkinje fibers were exposed to anti-free radical agents, @entity224 dismutase 50 U/ml; @entity7669 600 U/ml; @entity2656 2 mM and 20 mM and combined @entity224 dismutase, @entity7669 , and @entity2656 20 mM. Fibers were superfused for 60 min with altered Tyrode's solution which mimicked some conditions of @entity63 ( @entity413 -free, containing @entity880 , equilibrated with 90% N2-10% @entity3158 ), and then re-exposed to normal, oxygenated Tyrode's solution. Anti-free radical agents alone had no electrophysiological effects. Ischemic conditions resulted in moderate depolarization in most preparations (10 control; 43 treated) but in severe depolarization, to less than -60 mV, in some (3 control, 11 treated). Re-exposure to normal, oxygenated solution resulted in prompt initial hyperpolarization followed by marked depolarization, and finally by recovery to baseline maximum diastolic potential. Anti-free radical agents had not effect on maximum diastolic potential during exposure to @entity63 conditions or on initial hyperpolarization following re-exposure to oxygenated solution. Preparations that became severely depolarized during exposure to @entity63 conditions were not protected by anti-free radical interventions from developing marked depolarization following re-exposure to oxygenated solution. However, in fibers only moderately depolarized by the @entity63 conditions, all anti-free radical interventions except @entity2656 , 2 mM significantly attenuated depolarization following re-exposure to oxygenated solution. Anti-free radical interventions significantly reduced the number of preparations that became markedly depolarized (to less than -65 mV) during re-exposure to oxygenated solution (except for @entity2656 , 2 mM). Agents had no effect on the occurrence of abnormal automaticity; the occurrence of inexcitability was reduced, but not significantly, except when all agents were used in combination. The results suggest that free radical production may contribute to electrophysiological abnormalities when Purkinje fibers are re-exposed to oxygenated Tyrode's solution after they have been exposed to @entity63 conditions.

title: Electrophysiological effects of anti-free radical interventions in XXXX Purkinje fibers.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Conventional surgical treatment of @entity30 involves multiple or extensive resections or bypass procedures. These contribute to the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Minimal resection with appropriate "strictureplasty" is proposed as an alternative approach. Strictureplasty is analogous to pyloroplasty. The authors performed 15 strictureplasties in three @entity1 , all of whom had previously undergone small-bowel resection for @entity30 . They presented with symptoms of chronic @entity1744 resistant to medical therapy. There were two minor @entity260 . Two @entity1 were asymptomatic 20 months postoperatively; the third required reoperation for recurrent @entity292 . The technique is safe. Its efficacy will be determined by long-term follow-up.

title: New options in the surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['enterovesical fistula']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical effects of strategy by stages for preventing @entity1576 of @entity1 with acute cervical @entity1566 (ACSCI). METHODS: From September 2009 to May 2013,the clinical data of 91 @entity1 with ACSCI underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Among the @entity1 , 42 @entity1 were divided into in-stages group, including 30 males and 12 females with an average age of 50 years old (ranged 28 to 76) which were treated with strategy by stages for preventing @entity1576 ; others 49 @entity1 which were not treated with the strategy regarded as control group, including 38 males and 11 females with an average age of 47 years old (ranged 30 to 77). All of them had definite history of @entity130 , and were admitted to orthopaedics within 48 h after @entity130 . In in-stages group, respiratory muscle strength training, high-dose @entity5923 using and other treatment were performed to prevent respiratory complilcations according to preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative stage. While in control group, there were no systematic and effective measures utilized. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the difference for @entity1576 rate, the rate of tracheostomy or intubation and mortality caused by the @entity1576 between two groups. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 developed with @entity1576 in in-stages group (7 @entity1 with @entity55 , 1 with @entity891 and 2 with @entity1576 ), among which 3 @entity1 underwent tracheostomy or intubation. In control group, 24 @entity1 developed with respiratory complilcations (15 with @entity55 ,3 with @entity891 and 6 with @entity1576 ), among which 11 @entity1 underwent tracheostomy or intubation. There was significant difference between two groups (  2 = 6.12, 4.07; P = 0.013, 0.044). Five @entity1 died because of @entity1576 , one case were in in-stages group and 4 in control group. There was significant difference between two groups (  2 = l.39, P = 0.238). CONCLUSION: The strategy by stages is an effective method for preventing @entity1576 of ACSCI and can reduce the @entity1576 rate and improve the prognosis of @entity1576 .

title: [Strategy by stages for preventing XXXX of acute cervical @entity1566 ].

entities_list: @entity5923 :: ('MESH:D000551', 'Chemical') :: ['ambroxol']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical effects of strategy by stages for preventing @entity1576 of @entity1 with acute cervical @entity1566 (ACSCI). METHODS: From September 2009 to May 2013,the clinical data of 91 @entity1 with ACSCI underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Among the @entity1 , 42 @entity1 were divided into in-stages group, including 30 males and 12 females with an average age of 50 years old (ranged 28 to 76) which were treated with strategy by stages for preventing @entity1576 ; others 49 @entity1 which were not treated with the strategy regarded as control group, including 38 males and 11 females with an average age of 47 years old (ranged 30 to 77). All of them had definite history of @entity130 , and were admitted to orthopaedics within 48 h after @entity130 . In in-stages group, respiratory muscle strength training, high-dose @entity5923 using and other treatment were performed to prevent respiratory complilcations according to preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative stage. While in control group, there were no systematic and effective measures utilized. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the difference for @entity1576 rate, the rate of tracheostomy or intubation and mortality caused by the @entity1576 between two groups. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 developed with @entity1576 in in-stages group (7 @entity1 with @entity55 , 1 with @entity891 and 2 with @entity1576 ), among which 3 @entity1 underwent tracheostomy or intubation. In control group, 24 @entity1 developed with respiratory complilcations (15 with @entity55 ,3 with @entity891 and 6 with @entity1576 ), among which 11 @entity1 underwent tracheostomy or intubation. There was significant difference between two groups (  2 = 6.12, 4.07; P = 0.013, 0.044). Five @entity1 died because of @entity1576 , one case were in in-stages group and 4 in control group. There was significant difference between two groups (  2 = l.39, P = 0.238). CONCLUSION: The strategy by stages is an effective method for preventing @entity1576 of ACSCI and can reduce the @entity1576 rate and improve the prognosis of @entity1576 .

title: [Strategy by stages for preventing @entity1576 of acute cervical XXXX ].

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the difference of post-operative mortality between @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) and hip replacement for the treatment of @entity173 in elderly by using survival analysis. METHODS: The clinical data of 110 @entity1 above 60 years old who underwent surgical treatment ( @entity1538 or hip replacement) for the @entity173 between April 2003 and May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the @entity1 , 83 cases were treated with @entity1538 ( @entity1538 group), there were 32 males and 51 females, aged from 61.44 to 98.75 years old with an average of (78.52    7.98) years old; and 27 cases were treated with hip replacement (arthroplasty group), there were 8 males and 19 females, aged from 71.82 to 96.54 years old with an average of (79.99    6.11) years old. A survival analysis was performed on the clinical data by using SPSS 110 software. The survival rate of 1-year,2-year, 5-year and the mean survival time for the total @entity1 , the mortality rate of 1-year, 2-year in each group, the survival rate of 1-year, 2-year and mean survival time and survival curve in each group were included. RESULTS: All wounds achieved primary healing and no deaths were found in stay hospital. All @entity1 were followed up from 1 to 125 months with an average of (46.93    29.53) months. Among all 110 cases, 31 were dead and 79 survived. The survival rate of 1-year, 2-year and 5-year was (90.7    2.8)%, (82.5    3.9)% and (57.6    6.5)%, respectively,while the ensemble mean survival time was (84.137    5.902) months. The mortality rate of 1-year, 2-year in @entity1538 group was 7.2% and 12.0%, respectively; and in arthroplasty group, there was 14.8% and 25.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in mortality rate of 1-year and 2-year between two groups. According to the survival analysis of the @entity1538 group, the survival rate of 1-year, 2-year was (92.6    2.9)%, and (85.8    4.3)%, respectively, and the mean survival time was (87.508    6.063) months. In arthroplasty group, the survival rate of 1-year, 2-year was (85.2    6.8)% and (73.9    8.5)%,and the mean survival time was (67.294    11.180) months. There was significant difference in mean survival time between two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1538 can achieve a better postoperative survival compare with hip replacement in treating @entity173 in elderly.

title: [Comparison of the prognosis of XXXX with different surgical methods in elderly: a retrospective survival analysis].

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['intertrochanteric fracture']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open reduction internal fixation', 'ORIF']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['intertrochanteric fracture']


abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of maternal administration of acute doses of @entity167 at preimplantation stages of pregnancy on the fetus and fetal membranes. Single doses of 0.02 ml and 0.03 ml/g body wt. of 25% v/v of absolute @entity167 in saline were administered to groups of @entity3571 @entity19 on one of days 1-6 of gestation. Controls were either pair-fed and pair-watered or saline-treated. Fetuses and placentae were collected on day 15. Resorption and @entity5617 were increased in most of the @entity167 treatment groups. The reduction in fetal body weight was significant in the 0.03 ml group. Compared to the saline controls, most experimental groups exhibited a rise in placental weight. The reduction in cord length was significant in comparison to untreated controls. Craniofacial and @entity3002 appeared to correlate with retardation of fetal growth. Hence, following treatment of 0.03 ml/g body wt. of @entity167 solution on days 2 and 6, fetuses were collected on days 14, 16 and 18. Most fetuses were found to recover gradually from anomalies associated with @entity851 but the 'catch up' growth was not adequate enough to compensate for the reduction in body weight. These observations indicate that the pre-implantation stage of @entity19 embryo development is susceptible to the deleterious effects ( @entity5617 and @entity1592 ) of acute doses of @entity167 .

title: Effects of acute doses of ethanol administered at pre-implantation stages on fetal development in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['systemic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Summary BACKGROUND: The transmission pathways of @entity4430 are not fully understood. Solid evidence exists for an increased risk for individuals living in close contact with @entity1201 @entity1 but the existence of @entity2927 , environmental reservoirs and @entity130 -related transmission has also been established. PURPOSE: To assess the current state of knowledge on @entity4430 transmission, we conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature pertaining to this topic. METHOD: Major electronic bibliographic databases were searched for relevant peer-reviewed articles published up to January 2014. No restrictions on study types, @entity1 and location were applied, and all outcomes demonstrated to contribute to the transmission of @entity4430 were considered. Included studies were grouped by mode of transmission, namely (i) @entity1 -to- @entity1 via aerosols or direct contact; (ii) direct inoculation (e.g. injury); and (iii) transmission to @entity1 from environmental or zoonotic reservoirs, and by insects. The importance of the different transmission pathways and the strength of the evidence were assessed considering the number of publications describing similar findings, the consistency of the findings and the methodological quality of the studies. RESULTS: A total of 79 relevant articles were retained out of 3,805 hits resulting from the application of the search strategy. Solid evidence for transmission among contacts exists, and for @entity2927 in the southern States of the USA. Based on the extant evidence, skin-to-skin contact, aerosols/droplets and shedding of bacteria into the environment and subsequent infection, e.g. through dust or small wounds, all remain possible options. CONCLUSION: No study has unequivocally demonstrated the mechanisms by which @entity4430 bacteria travel from one case of @entity1201 to another.

title: Current knowledge on XXXX transmission: a systematic literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic leprosy']

entities_list: @entity4430 :: ('1769', 'Species') :: ['M. leprae', 'Mycobacterium leprae']

answer: @entity4430 :: (1769,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium leprae']


abstract: Treating @entity1 who have @entity1277 in @entity146 hospitals is difficult for several reasons. The first reason is that there is a shortage of qualified psychiatrists. For each psychiatrist, there are approximately thirty hospitalized @entity1 . In addition to this limited number of psychiatrists, funding in @entity146 hospitals only provides for a limited number of other medical staff when compared with funding available for general hospitals. The second reason is that there is a problem with the national medical treatment fee system. Specifically, in the current system, @entity1 are not permitted to stay in hospitals long-term; outpatient treatment is preferred. The third reason is that @entity146 hospitals are not equipped to deal with @entity1 who have physical illnesses. The following two case studies highlight the problems and limitations associated with treating @entity1 who have @entity1277 . Ways in which @entity146 hospitals can collaborate with other organizations, including low enforcement officials, are also considered. Although it is clear that an integrated and collaborative approach is necessary, implementation of such a system is still a long way from being realized, and greater effort is needed to provide @entity1 suffering from @entity1277 with the best possible treatment.

title: [Limitations and Problems with Treatment of XXXX in a Psychiatric Hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['Eating Disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of low-dose @entity786 (CP) on @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) and inflammatory reaction of acute @entity8 reperfusion injury (IRI), providing new ideas for clinical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty healthy adult male @entity19 were selected and divided randomly into sham operation group (n = 20), IRI group (n = 20 cases), and the experimental group (n = 20 cases). @entity19 in the experimental group were pretreated with low-dose CP and @entity5721 . @entity8024 ( @entity8024 ) immunohistochemical staining was conducted after the 24h and the detection of @entity13841 protein by Western blot method. Postoperative 3h and 7 day survival rate, the results of @entity8024 immunohistochemistry staining and the gray values of @entity13841 ( @entity13841 ) of @entity19 were compared between the three groups. RESULTS: The survival rates of @entity19 in the IRI group and the experimental group after operation were decreased significantly (p < 0.05). However, the survival rates of @entity19 in the experimental group were higher than that in the IRI group. The differences were significant (p < 0.05). The expression of @entity8024 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The difference was statistically significant. The expression of @entity8024 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The gray values of @entity19 in the IRI group and the experimental group were significantly increased. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). And the gray value in the IRI group increased more than that of the experimental group. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The pretreatment with low-dose CP for @entity19 with acute renal IRI can reduce effectively the @entity1642 and @entity32 , which reduces @entity8 for @entity19 and have good effect on prolonging its life. It provides a good way for the guidance of clinical research.

title: Effect of low-dose @entity786 on @entity1642 and inflammatory reaction of acute XXXX reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia', 'kidney damage']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['acute IRI model construction']

entities_list: @entity13841 :: ('13198(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['C/EBP homologous protein', 'CHOP']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity8024 :: ('15894(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Intercellular adhesion molecule-1', 'ICAM-1']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['endoplasmic reticulum stress', 'ERS']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of low-dose @entity786 (CP) on @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) and inflammatory reaction of acute @entity8 reperfusion injury (IRI), providing new ideas for clinical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty healthy adult male @entity19 were selected and divided randomly into sham operation group (n = 20), IRI group (n = 20 cases), and the experimental group (n = 20 cases). @entity19 in the experimental group were pretreated with low-dose CP and @entity5721 . @entity8024 ( @entity8024 ) immunohistochemical staining was conducted after the 24h and the detection of @entity13841 protein by Western blot method. Postoperative 3h and 7 day survival rate, the results of @entity8024 immunohistochemistry staining and the gray values of @entity13841 ( @entity13841 ) of @entity19 were compared between the three groups. RESULTS: The survival rates of @entity19 in the IRI group and the experimental group after operation were decreased significantly (p < 0.05). However, the survival rates of @entity19 in the experimental group were higher than that in the IRI group. The differences were significant (p < 0.05). The expression of @entity8024 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The difference was statistically significant. The expression of @entity8024 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The gray values of @entity19 in the IRI group and the experimental group were significantly increased. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). And the gray value in the IRI group increased more than that of the experimental group. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The pretreatment with low-dose CP for @entity19 with acute renal IRI can reduce effectively the @entity1642 and @entity32 , which reduces @entity8 for @entity19 and have good effect on prolonging its life. It provides a good way for the guidance of clinical research.

title: Effect of low-dose @entity786 on XXXX and inflammatory reaction of acute @entity8 reperfusion injury.

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['endoplasmic reticulum stress']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of low-dose @entity786 (CP) on @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) and inflammatory reaction of acute @entity8 reperfusion injury (IRI), providing new ideas for clinical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty healthy adult male @entity19 were selected and divided randomly into sham operation group (n = 20), IRI group (n = 20 cases), and the experimental group (n = 20 cases). @entity19 in the experimental group were pretreated with low-dose CP and @entity5721 . @entity8024 ( @entity8024 ) immunohistochemical staining was conducted after the 24h and the detection of @entity13841 protein by Western blot method. Postoperative 3h and 7 day survival rate, the results of @entity8024 immunohistochemistry staining and the gray values of @entity13841 ( @entity13841 ) of @entity19 were compared between the three groups. RESULTS: The survival rates of @entity19 in the IRI group and the experimental group after operation were decreased significantly (p < 0.05). However, the survival rates of @entity19 in the experimental group were higher than that in the IRI group. The differences were significant (p < 0.05). The expression of @entity8024 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The difference was statistically significant. The expression of @entity8024 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The gray values of @entity19 in the IRI group and the experimental group were significantly increased. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). And the gray value in the IRI group increased more than that of the experimental group. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The pretreatment with low-dose CP for @entity19 with acute renal IRI can reduce effectively the @entity1642 and @entity32 , which reduces @entity8 for @entity19 and have good effect on prolonging its life. It provides a good way for the guidance of clinical research.

title: Effect of low-dose XXXX on @entity1642 and inflammatory reaction of acute @entity8 reperfusion injury.

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: @entity3881 Marburg strain displays DNA methyltransferase activity. This enzyme, M.BsuM, methylates @entity5538 in the sequence 5'-YTCGAR-3' (Y = @entity7391 ; R = @entity10043 ). M.BsuM was purified from the exponentially growing cells of @entity7682 M. This enzyme (45 +/- 1 kDa) is monomeric and recognizes only double-stranded DNA. It is inhibited partially by @entity1025 , @entity3281 ions and @entity11667 and almost totally by @entity3208 , @entity1133 and agarose. This enzyme methylates specifically the three methylatable sites of the plasmid pBM3. Relaxation of specificity ('star' activity) was observed in the presence of organic solvents. A very low amount of M.BsuM was obtained in the standard Marburg strain. To obtain sufficient enzyme attempts are being made to clone the M.BsuM gene in @entity526 by using a constructed plasmid (pBM14) vector. Only one transformant containing a 3-kb insert and showing a low level of expression, was obtained.

title: DNA methyltransferase of XXXX Marburg: purification, properties and further evidence of specificity.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: The @entity795 ( @entity795 ) and the @entity1050 ( @entity1050 ) both have multiple hamartomata as prominent features. @entity11122 , @entity41163 , exostoses, @entity272 , @entity1635 , and sporadic occurrence are seen in @entity795 , whereas @entity1 with @entity1050 have @entity4651 and related craniofacial findings. @entity1050 has been observed in families as an autosomal dominant trait. Although the two syndromes can be distinguished in most @entity1 , there are features in common to both that may pose a diagnostic dilemma in an isolated case. We report the case of a 3-year-old @entity1 with @entity4651 , @entity41163 , and superficial and intra-abdominal hamartomata who illustrates the problem of differentiating between @entity795 and @entity1050 . We compare this @entity1 and another recently reported @entity1 with other published cases of @entity795 and @entity1050 . @entity1 with @entity795 , in general, show more extensive systemic involvement, including skeletal and cutaneous manifestations. @entity4651 , seen in all reported @entity1 with @entity1050 , is also found in 14% of @entity1 with @entity795 . Overlap among syndromes which include hamartomata as prominent features suggests that they might be etiologically or pathogenetically related. The present case also illustrates the usefulness of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of mixed mesodermal hamartomata.

title: @entity795 versus XXXX : a problem in differential diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity11122 :: ('MESH:C563014', 'Disease') :: ['Hemihypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41163 :: ('MESH:C562546', 'Disease') :: ['macrodactyly']

entities_list: @entity795 :: ('MESH:D016715', 'Disease') :: ['PS', 'Proteus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ['Bannayan-Zonana syndrome', 'BZS']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['Macrocephaly', 'macrocephaly']

answer: @entity1050 :: (MESH:D006223,Disease) :: ['Bannayan-Zonana syndrome']


abstract: The @entity795 ( @entity795 ) and the @entity1050 ( @entity1050 ) both have multiple hamartomata as prominent features. @entity11122 , @entity41163 , exostoses, @entity272 , @entity1635 , and sporadic occurrence are seen in @entity795 , whereas @entity1 with @entity1050 have @entity4651 and related craniofacial findings. @entity1050 has been observed in families as an autosomal dominant trait. Although the two syndromes can be distinguished in most @entity1 , there are features in common to both that may pose a diagnostic dilemma in an isolated case. We report the case of a 3-year-old @entity1 with @entity4651 , @entity41163 , and superficial and intra-abdominal hamartomata who illustrates the problem of differentiating between @entity795 and @entity1050 . We compare this @entity1 and another recently reported @entity1 with other published cases of @entity795 and @entity1050 . @entity1 with @entity795 , in general, show more extensive systemic involvement, including skeletal and cutaneous manifestations. @entity4651 , seen in all reported @entity1 with @entity1050 , is also found in 14% of @entity1 with @entity795 . Overlap among syndromes which include hamartomata as prominent features suggests that they might be etiologically or pathogenetically related. The present case also illustrates the usefulness of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of mixed mesodermal hamartomata.

title: XXXX versus @entity1050 : a problem in differential diagnosis.

answer: @entity795 :: (MESH:D016715,Disease) :: ['Proteus syndrome']


abstract: Serum and urinary concentrations of @entity3937 ( @entity3936 ) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an electrochemical detector (ECD) in 10 normal subjects and 43 @entity1378 @entity1 after intravenous and oral administration of the drug. The pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity3936 were estimated in 5 normal subjects and 15 @entity1378 @entity1 according to a two-compartment model after intravenous injection of a 10 mg dose. The mean half-life of the distribution phase ( @entity8034 ) was 2.7 +/- 1.0 h (mean +/- SD) and 3.1 +/- 1.4 h and that of the slower-phase ( @entity8034 ) was 20.7 +/- 9.6 h and 18.5 +/- 12.9 h in normal subjects and @entity1378 @entity1 , respectively. There were no significant differences between pharmacokinetic parameters of normal subjects and those of @entity1378 @entity1 . No correlations between free T4 index (FT4I) and pharmacokinetic parameters were observed. Maximum serum @entity3936 concentrations (Cmax) (213 +/- 84 and 299 +/- 92 ng/ml) were attained 1.8 +/- 1.4 h and 2.3 +/- 0.8 h after a single dose of 10 mg in 5 normal subjects and in 15 @entity1378 @entity1 , respectively. In @entity1378 @entity1 the time taken to reach the peak concentration (Tmax) after a single dose of 10 mg was similar to that after a single 15 mg and 30 mg dose. The pharmacokinetic parameters, except Cmax and the area under the curve (AUC), were not affected by the administered dose and those, except Cmax, were not affected by the thyroid function. All urine was collected at intervals of 3 h for the first 12 h and then at 24 h and 48 h after intravenous and oral administration of @entity3936 . In all subjects, @entity3936 rapidly appeared in the urine and the rate of excretion was highest in the first 3 h. The cumulative urinary excretion of @entity3936 was 5.5-8.5% of administered doses in normal subjects and @entity1378 @entity1 . These findings in the present study are compatible with the assumption that the extent of absorption of @entity3936 is high, if not complete, and @entity1378 does not affect the kinetics of @entity3936 , and that interindividual variation is observed in the time taken to reach the peak concentration after oral administration.

title: Pharmacokinetics of XXXX in normal subjects and @entity1378 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

answer: @entity3937 :: (MESH:D008713,Chemical) :: ['methimazole']


abstract: Serum and urinary concentrations of @entity3937 ( @entity3936 ) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an electrochemical detector (ECD) in 10 normal subjects and 43 @entity1378 @entity1 after intravenous and oral administration of the drug. The pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity3936 were estimated in 5 normal subjects and 15 @entity1378 @entity1 according to a two-compartment model after intravenous injection of a 10 mg dose. The mean half-life of the distribution phase ( @entity8034 ) was 2.7 +/- 1.0 h (mean +/- SD) and 3.1 +/- 1.4 h and that of the slower-phase ( @entity8034 ) was 20.7 +/- 9.6 h and 18.5 +/- 12.9 h in normal subjects and @entity1378 @entity1 , respectively. There were no significant differences between pharmacokinetic parameters of normal subjects and those of @entity1378 @entity1 . No correlations between free T4 index (FT4I) and pharmacokinetic parameters were observed. Maximum serum @entity3936 concentrations (Cmax) (213 +/- 84 and 299 +/- 92 ng/ml) were attained 1.8 +/- 1.4 h and 2.3 +/- 0.8 h after a single dose of 10 mg in 5 normal subjects and in 15 @entity1378 @entity1 , respectively. In @entity1378 @entity1 the time taken to reach the peak concentration (Tmax) after a single dose of 10 mg was similar to that after a single 15 mg and 30 mg dose. The pharmacokinetic parameters, except Cmax and the area under the curve (AUC), were not affected by the administered dose and those, except Cmax, were not affected by the thyroid function. All urine was collected at intervals of 3 h for the first 12 h and then at 24 h and 48 h after intravenous and oral administration of @entity3936 . In all subjects, @entity3936 rapidly appeared in the urine and the rate of excretion was highest in the first 3 h. The cumulative urinary excretion of @entity3936 was 5.5-8.5% of administered doses in normal subjects and @entity1378 @entity1 . These findings in the present study are compatible with the assumption that the extent of absorption of @entity3936 is high, if not complete, and @entity1378 does not affect the kinetics of @entity3936 , and that interindividual variation is observed in the time taken to reach the peak concentration after oral administration.

title: Pharmacokinetics of @entity3937 in normal subjects and XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroid']


abstract: Serum and urinary concentrations of @entity3937 ( @entity3936 ) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an electrochemical detector (ECD) in 10 normal subjects and 43 @entity1378 @entity1 after intravenous and oral administration of the drug. The pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity3936 were estimated in 5 normal subjects and 15 @entity1378 @entity1 according to a two-compartment model after intravenous injection of a 10 mg dose. The mean half-life of the distribution phase ( @entity8034 ) was 2.7 +/- 1.0 h (mean +/- SD) and 3.1 +/- 1.4 h and that of the slower-phase ( @entity8034 ) was 20.7 +/- 9.6 h and 18.5 +/- 12.9 h in normal subjects and @entity1378 @entity1 , respectively. There were no significant differences between pharmacokinetic parameters of normal subjects and those of @entity1378 @entity1 . No correlations between free T4 index (FT4I) and pharmacokinetic parameters were observed. Maximum serum @entity3936 concentrations (Cmax) (213 +/- 84 and 299 +/- 92 ng/ml) were attained 1.8 +/- 1.4 h and 2.3 +/- 0.8 h after a single dose of 10 mg in 5 normal subjects and in 15 @entity1378 @entity1 , respectively. In @entity1378 @entity1 the time taken to reach the peak concentration (Tmax) after a single dose of 10 mg was similar to that after a single 15 mg and 30 mg dose. The pharmacokinetic parameters, except Cmax and the area under the curve (AUC), were not affected by the administered dose and those, except Cmax, were not affected by the thyroid function. All urine was collected at intervals of 3 h for the first 12 h and then at 24 h and 48 h after intravenous and oral administration of @entity3936 . In all subjects, @entity3936 rapidly appeared in the urine and the rate of excretion was highest in the first 3 h. The cumulative urinary excretion of @entity3936 was 5.5-8.5% of administered doses in normal subjects and @entity1378 @entity1 . These findings in the present study are compatible with the assumption that the extent of absorption of @entity3936 is high, if not complete, and @entity1378 does not affect the kinetics of @entity3936 , and that interindividual variation is observed in the time taken to reach the peak concentration after oral administration.

title: Pharmacokinetics of @entity3937 in normal subjects and @entity1378 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A retrospective study is presented of 200 cases of @entity66 admitted to Auckland Hospital over the 6-year period 1979-84. The epidemiology of the total group, the mode or type of presentation, pathology and investigative practice have been examined. Seventy-six @entity1 required surgical intervention either electively or as an emergency and these cases have been considered in detail. The surgical group included 44 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 ; 21 @entity1 presented for elective resection, and 55 @entity1 underwent surgery during their emergency admission. In the emergency group, 20 laparotomies were performed for pericolic/pelvic abscesses, five for small/large bowel obstruction, 30 for @entity298 and only one laparotomy was performed for @entity548 . The mortality for the entire group was 4% with all @entity204 occurring in the @entity697 group. Three @entity204 followed emergency surgery and a further five @entity1 died without coming to surgery, the diagnosis of @entity697 being made only at post-mortem. Overall, 44% of cases of @entity697 underwent emergency surgery and a further 6% required surgery over the next 1-5 years. Resectional surgery was practised widely in the emergency group (the most common being Hartmann's operation). Less radical surgery is also preferred for localized sepsis in selected cases. The mortality was confined to @entity1 who did not undergo resection of the septic focus. The elective group (24 @entity1 ) usually presented as a result of stricture, or chronic symptoms, and these @entity1 generally did well with elective resection. The group of @entity1 presenting with @entity694 behaved in a very benign manner. There was no mortality and only one @entity1 required emergency surgery for @entity548 .

title: XXXX in Auckland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Diverticular disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Transcatheter @entity886 (TAVI) has been established as a valuable alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement in @entity1 deemed to have high or prohibitive perioperative risk. However, there are several technical constraints and procedural risks inherent to TAVI. These risks include @entity397 , @entity9009 , @entity1580 , @entity1563 , and dislodgement or migration of the valve prosthesis to the aorta or the left ventricle (LV). Other complications may be @entity340 and subsequent @entity2478 . Most complications cannot be detected at an early stage without echocardiographic guidance. Although not addressed by current guidelines, some European centres have advocated a 'minimalist' approach with exclusively fluoroscopic and angiographic guidance. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE), including real-time three-dimensional (RT-3D) imaging, has been established as a standard approach for peri-interventional guidance of TAVI. However, TEE monitoring almost always necessitates general anaesthesia and endotracheal intubation. A potential alternative to TEE is intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) that may provide a solution to a common dilemma: the most important advantage of ICE being the compatibility with monitored anaesthesia care without endotracheal intubation. Other advantages of ICE include uninterrupted monitoring, no fluoroscopic interference, and precise Doppler-based assessment of pulmonary artery pressures. Limitations of ICE include the need for additional venous access, the learning curve associated with a new device, and potentially increased cost.

title: Intracardiac echocardiography for guidance of transcatheter XXXX under monitored sedation: a solution to a dilemma?

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular perforation']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular leak']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['annulus rupture']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['related to inappropriate valve deployment']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve implantation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, the optimal surgical strategy for @entity356 has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to clarify the significance of lymphadenectomy with splenectomy in @entity356 surgery. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Kumamoto Regional Medical Center. The primary endpoint was overall survival after surgery. We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic features, surgical treatments, and long-term prognosis of @entity356 @entity1 treated with total gastrectomy. RESULTS: A total of 80 @entity1 with @entity356 in the remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy and who underwent total gastrectomy were enrolled in the study. Splenectomy was performed in 38 @entity1 . Lymph node @entity3 in the splenic hilum was not observed in the @entity1 with @entity2558 /pT2 @entity5 , whereas nodal @entity3 at the splenic hilum was detected in 30.4% of the @entity1 with @entity1803 /pT4 @entity5 . The survival rate of the @entity1 with @entity1803 /pT4 @entity5 who underwent splenectomy was significantly higher than that of the @entity1 who did not undergo splenectomy, although there was no difference in the @entity1 with @entity2558 /pT2 @entity5 . Among the @entity1 classified as R0, the survival rate of the @entity1 with @entity1803 /pT4 @entity5 who underwent splenectomy was significantly higher than that of the @entity1 who did not undergo splenectomy. CONCLUSION: Lymphadenectomy with splenectomy in radical surgery is beneficial for @entity1 with advanced ( @entity1803 /pT4) @entity356 .

title: Significance of lymphadenectomy with splenectomy in radical surgery for advanced ( @entity1803 /pT4) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'remnant gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['remnant gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, the optimal surgical strategy for @entity356 has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to clarify the significance of lymphadenectomy with splenectomy in @entity356 surgery. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Kumamoto Regional Medical Center. The primary endpoint was overall survival after surgery. We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic features, surgical treatments, and long-term prognosis of @entity356 @entity1 treated with total gastrectomy. RESULTS: A total of 80 @entity1 with @entity356 in the remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy and who underwent total gastrectomy were enrolled in the study. Splenectomy was performed in 38 @entity1 . Lymph node @entity3 in the splenic hilum was not observed in the @entity1 with @entity2558 /pT2 @entity5 , whereas nodal @entity3 at the splenic hilum was detected in 30.4% of the @entity1 with @entity1803 /pT4 @entity5 . The survival rate of the @entity1 with @entity1803 /pT4 @entity5 who underwent splenectomy was significantly higher than that of the @entity1 who did not undergo splenectomy, although there was no difference in the @entity1 with @entity2558 /pT2 @entity5 . Among the @entity1 classified as R0, the survival rate of the @entity1 with @entity1803 /pT4 @entity5 who underwent splenectomy was significantly higher than that of the @entity1 who did not undergo splenectomy. CONCLUSION: Lymphadenectomy with splenectomy in radical surgery is beneficial for @entity1 with advanced ( @entity1803 /pT4) @entity356 .

title: Significance of lymphadenectomy with splenectomy in radical surgery for advanced ( XXXX /pT4) @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1803 :: (7694,Gene) :: ['pT3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Lyon brace is commonly prescribed in many European countries to @entity1 with thoracic curves and is based on the three-point pressure system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Lyon bracing for the conservative treatment of adolescent females with @entity1514 in a case series selected on the basis of the @entity1635 ( @entity1635 ) Committee on Bracing and Nonoperative Management Standardization Criteria and followed the guidelines on management of @entity2112 with corrective braces, proposed by the International Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT). METHODS: Prospective study based on an ongoing database. From 1297 @entity1 treated for @entity2112 between 1995 and 2014 fulfill the inclusion criteria 102 @entity1 treated with Lyon brace. Of these, 69 @entity1 had a definite outcome, 17 have abandoned treatment e 16 are still in treatment. The 104 @entity1 were adolescent females with curvatures in the thoracic spine and a pre-treatment Risser score ranging from 0 to 2. All @entity1 were prescribed with full-time Lyon bracing. The minimum duration of follow-up was 24  months after the end of weaning (mean: 41.64        31.45  months). Anteroposterior radiographs were used to estimate the curve magnitude (CM) at 5 time points: beginning of treatment (t1), one year after the beginning of treatment (t2), intermediate time between t1 and t4 (t3), end of weaning (t4), 2-year minimum follow-up from t4 (t5). Three outcomes were distinguished: curve correction, curve stabilization and curve progression. RESULTS: The results from our study showed that of the 69 @entity1 with a definite outcome the CM mean value was 31.51          4.34 SD at @entity8034          7.6 SD at t5. Curve correction was accomplished in 85.5  % of @entity1 , curve stabilization was obtained in 13  % of @entity1 and curve progression was evident in only 1.5  %. None of the @entity1 were recommended surgery post-bracing. Of 17 @entity1 who abandoned the treatment, at the time of abandonment (14.4 age) have achieved curve correction in 13 cases (77  %), stabilization in 53 cases (18  %) and progression in 1 case (5  %). CONCLUSION: The Lyon brace, through its biomechanical action on vertebral modeling, is highly effective in correcting thoracic curves in particularly when the SOSORT guidelines were adopted in addition to the @entity1635 criteria.

title: Lyon bracing in adolescent females with XXXX : a prospective study based on @entity1635 and SOSORT criteria.

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis Research Society', 'SRS']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thoracic curves']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Lyon brace is commonly prescribed in many European countries to @entity1 with thoracic curves and is based on the three-point pressure system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Lyon bracing for the conservative treatment of adolescent females with @entity1514 in a case series selected on the basis of the @entity1635 ( @entity1635 ) Committee on Bracing and Nonoperative Management Standardization Criteria and followed the guidelines on management of @entity2112 with corrective braces, proposed by the International Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT). METHODS: Prospective study based on an ongoing database. From 1297 @entity1 treated for @entity2112 between 1995 and 2014 fulfill the inclusion criteria 102 @entity1 treated with Lyon brace. Of these, 69 @entity1 had a definite outcome, 17 have abandoned treatment e 16 are still in treatment. The 104 @entity1 were adolescent females with curvatures in the thoracic spine and a pre-treatment Risser score ranging from 0 to 2. All @entity1 were prescribed with full-time Lyon bracing. The minimum duration of follow-up was 24  months after the end of weaning (mean: 41.64        31.45  months). Anteroposterior radiographs were used to estimate the curve magnitude (CM) at 5 time points: beginning of treatment (t1), one year after the beginning of treatment (t2), intermediate time between t1 and t4 (t3), end of weaning (t4), 2-year minimum follow-up from t4 (t5). Three outcomes were distinguished: curve correction, curve stabilization and curve progression. RESULTS: The results from our study showed that of the 69 @entity1 with a definite outcome the CM mean value was 31.51          4.34 SD at @entity8034          7.6 SD at t5. Curve correction was accomplished in 85.5  % of @entity1 , curve stabilization was obtained in 13  % of @entity1 and curve progression was evident in only 1.5  %. None of the @entity1 were recommended surgery post-bracing. Of 17 @entity1 who abandoned the treatment, at the time of abandonment (14.4 age) have achieved curve correction in 13 cases (77  %), stabilization in 53 cases (18  %) and progression in 1 case (5  %). CONCLUSION: The Lyon brace, through its biomechanical action on vertebral modeling, is highly effective in correcting thoracic curves in particularly when the SOSORT guidelines were adopted in addition to the @entity1635 criteria.

title: Lyon bracing in adolescent females with @entity1514 : a prospective study based on XXXX and SOSORT criteria.

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['SRS']


abstract: PURPOSE: Urological chronic pelvic @entity158 syndromes have @entity2336 as the dominant symptom. This has been attributed to changes in  the central nervous system caused by a chronic barrage of noxious stimuli. We  developed what is to our knowledge a novel challenge protocol that induced @entity1494 in study @entity1 to reproduce @entity158 and urinary symptoms. We tested to see whether it could discriminate between @entity1 with urological chronic @entity2531 and asymptomatic controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 10 female twin pairs who were discordant for urological chronic @entity2531 . Before scanning each  twin urinated to completion and then consumed 500 cc water. Each twin was scanned with our resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol immediately and approximately 50 minutes after consumption. Time series were extracted from the right and left periaqueductal gray, and the right and left amygdala subregions. We performed the repeated measures 2-sample t-test to assess differences in connectivity between symptomatic and asymptomatic twins before and after @entity1494 . RESULTS: Group by condition interaction effects were found from the periaqueductal gray to the right cerebellum VIIIa, the amygdala, the right premotor cortex/supplementary motor area and the insular cortex, and between the amygdala and the frontal pole/medial orbital frontal cortex, the hypothalamus, the insular cortex, the thalamus and the anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that our noninvasive @entity1494 protocol can detect differences in the processing of urinary sensation between twins discordant for lower urinary tract @entity158 .

title: Alterations in Connectivity on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Provocation of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A MAPP Research Network Feasibility Study of Urological Chronic Pelvic XXXX Syndromes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder distention']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['refractory bladder or  pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain syndrome-like symptoms']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity148 and @entity308 adversely affect behavior though these conditions may be handled through environmental and dietary changes. Diet rich in @entity3088 and @entity2221 may support reducing @entity148 and @entity308 . @entity308 is most common but serious illness making life miserable; however the usage of dietary and herbal complements to treat @entity148 and @entity308 had been grown by the time. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the behavioral properties of Citrus paradisi in @entity35 at diverse doses i.e. 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5  ml/kg. Anxiolytic and antidepressant actions were particularly measured twice in 15  days through elevated plus maze, open field and forced swimming tests. C. paradisi, revealed increase in the locomotor activity and the exploratory skills of the animals, as assessed in the open-field. Indeed C. paradisi had a strong anxiolytic effect in elevated plus-maze, as assessed by an augmented number of entries and the proportion of time spent in the open arms. Moreover there was decline in duration of immobility and rise in duration of climbing during forced swimming test. At the tested doses these results suggest that C. paradisi have the potential to exert a range of CNS-mediated biological activities and thus encourage more investigations in this field.

title: Behavioral effects of citrus paradisi in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamins']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5858 is a major dairy starter used for manufacturing of dairy products. In the present study, we developed a @entity5599 ( @entity5599 ) scheme for this important food bacterium. Sequences of 10 housekeeping genes (carB, clpX, dnaA, murC, murE, pepN, pepX, pyrG, recA, and rpoB) were obtained for 239   @entity5859 strains, which were isolated from home-made fermented dairy foods in 18 different regions of Mongolia and China. METHODS: All 10 genes of @entity5859 were sequenced, aligned, and defined sequence types (STs) using the BioNumerics Software. The @entity4334 diversity was calculated by START v2.0. The population structure, phylogenetic relationships and the role of recombination were inferred using ClonalFrame v1.2, SplitsTree 4.0 and Structure v2.3. RESULTS: The 239   @entity5859 isolates and 18 reference strains could be assigned into 119 different STs, which could be further separated into 16 clonal complexes (CCs) and 38 singletons. Among the 10 loci, a total of 132 polymorphic sites were detected. The standardized index of association (I A (S)    =   0.0916), split-decomposition and   /   (relative frequency of occurrence of recombination and mutation) and r/m value (relative impact of recombination and mutation in the diversification) confirms that recombination may have occurred, but it occurred at a low frequency in these 10 loci. Phylogenetic trees indicated that there were five lineages in the @entity5859 isolates used in our study. MSTree and ClonalFrame tree analyses suggest that the evolution of @entity5859 isolates have little relationship with geographic locality, but revealed no association with the types of fermented dairy product. Phylogenetic analysis of 36 whole genome strains (18   @entity5859 , 2   S. vestibularis and 16   @entity20842 strains) indicated that our @entity5599 scheme could clearly separate three closely related species within the salivarius group and is suitable for analyzing the population structure of the other two species in the salivarius group. CONCLUSIONS: Our newly developed @entity5599 scheme improved the understanding on the genetic diversity and population structure of the @entity5859 , as well as provided useful information for further studies on the genotyping and evolutionary research for @entity5859 strains with global diversity.

title: Multilocus sequence typing of XXXX from naturally fermented dairy foods in China and Mongolia.

entities_list: @entity5599 :: ('MESH:D010855', 'Disease') :: ['MLST', 'multilocus sequence typing']

entities_list: @entity5859 :: ('2057', 'Species') :: ['S. thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']

answer: @entity5858 :: (1308,Species) :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report here a rare case of @entity292 and @entity733 associated with @entity4570 due to @entity694 . An 84-year-old male was referred to our hospital complaining of macrohematuria, fecaluria, pneumaturia and micturitional @entity158 . Computed tomography (CT) showed @entity4570 . Other examinations, including colonoscopy and cystoscopy, did not reveal a clear cause for the @entity4570 . Only an elevated serum level of the @entity5 marker CA19-9 suggested the possibility of @entity694 . Eleven days after hospitalization, bilateral scrotal contents had swollen rapidly to the size of a goose egg. CT suggested @entity292 with @entity733 formation. @entity733 and colostomy were performed. Intraoperatively, the @entity292 of the bulbar urethra was revealed. Because increased serum CA19-9 suggested a diagnosis of @entity694 , cystectomy and sigmoid colectomy with right nephrectomy were performed. Pathological examination revealed @entity20815 with @entity150 . His condition was improved with rehabilitation 6 months after operation.

title: [Urethral Fistula and @entity733 Associated with @entity4570 Due to the Sigmoid XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'urethral fistula']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal abscess', 'Drainage of scrotal abscess']

entities_list: @entity20815 :: ('MESH:D012811', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of sigmoid colon']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder invasion']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['sigmoid colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['colovesical fistula']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report here a rare case of @entity292 and @entity733 associated with @entity4570 due to @entity694 . An 84-year-old male was referred to our hospital complaining of macrohematuria, fecaluria, pneumaturia and micturitional @entity158 . Computed tomography (CT) showed @entity4570 . Other examinations, including colonoscopy and cystoscopy, did not reveal a clear cause for the @entity4570 . Only an elevated serum level of the @entity5 marker CA19-9 suggested the possibility of @entity694 . Eleven days after hospitalization, bilateral scrotal contents had swollen rapidly to the size of a goose egg. CT suggested @entity292 with @entity733 formation. @entity733 and colostomy were performed. Intraoperatively, the @entity292 of the bulbar urethra was revealed. Because increased serum CA19-9 suggested a diagnosis of @entity694 , cystectomy and sigmoid colectomy with right nephrectomy were performed. Pathological examination revealed @entity20815 with @entity150 . His condition was improved with rehabilitation 6 months after operation.

title: [Urethral Fistula and XXXX Associated with @entity4570 Due to the Sigmoid @entity694 ].

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['Scrotal Abscess']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report here a rare case of @entity292 and @entity733 associated with @entity4570 due to @entity694 . An 84-year-old male was referred to our hospital complaining of macrohematuria, fecaluria, pneumaturia and micturitional @entity158 . Computed tomography (CT) showed @entity4570 . Other examinations, including colonoscopy and cystoscopy, did not reveal a clear cause for the @entity4570 . Only an elevated serum level of the @entity5 marker CA19-9 suggested the possibility of @entity694 . Eleven days after hospitalization, bilateral scrotal contents had swollen rapidly to the size of a goose egg. CT suggested @entity292 with @entity733 formation. @entity733 and colostomy were performed. Intraoperatively, the @entity292 of the bulbar urethra was revealed. Because increased serum CA19-9 suggested a diagnosis of @entity694 , cystectomy and sigmoid colectomy with right nephrectomy were performed. Pathological examination revealed @entity20815 with @entity150 . His condition was improved with rehabilitation 6 months after operation.

title: [Urethral Fistula and @entity733 Associated with XXXX Due to the Sigmoid @entity694 ].

answer: @entity4570 :: (MESH:D007412,Disease) :: ['Colovesical Fistula']


abstract: The control of anterior pituitary hormone gene expression by @entity251 in male @entity35 pituitaries in vivo was investigated using dot-blot mRNA-cDNA hybridization assays. Common alpha subunit mRNA levels doubled by 2 days after orchidectomy and rose progressively to reach plateau levels three to four times intact control values by 2 weeks. @entity18378 mRNA increased significantly (congruent to 50%) within 12 h, and thereafter progressively to seven times intact control values by 3 weeks after orchidectomy. The changes in alpha mRNA were likely to have occurred in gonadotrophs and not thyrotrophs, since @entity17001 mRNA levels were unaltered by orchidectomy. LH subunit mRNA changes were accompanied by an initial (1-4 days) decrease in pituitary LH content; thereafter, pituitary LH increased in parallel with and by a similar magnitude to the @entity18378 mRNA. Serum LH rises occurred before significant increases in LH subunit mRNA after orchidectomy. The lack of temporal correlation between mRNA levels and serum and pituitary LH in the early stages after removal of @entity251 feedback contrasts with the good correlation when a new steady state was achieved after 3-4 weeks, and indicates differing kinetics for changes in these aspects of gonadotroph function. An inhibitory effect of @entity251 on LH subunit gene expression was confirmed by prevention of the rise in alpha and @entity18378 mRNAs when treatment commenced immediately after castration. However, pituitary LH content and serum LH levels were reduced relative to control values, suggesting additional inhibitory actions of @entity251 on translational and post-translational events in gonadotrophs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Gonadal regulation of pituitary hormone mRNA levels in male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity3686 , or @entity3686 , is a pathologically and clinically very inhomogeneous disease, the main features of which are @entity8 combined with deafness of varying degrees. Our experience with 18 @entity1 from 6 families demonstrates the variability in the manifestation of the clinical defect syndromes with @entity8 . In the majority of our cases, @entity177 was diagnosed. 7 @entity1 are undergoing chronic intermittent hemodialysis, and 4 @entity1 survive with a kidney transplant. Following kidney transplantation, histological changes in the sense of a recurrent @entity631 were demonstrated in some cases. The existence of prevailing histocompatibility antigen @entity6103 serves as a clue to the possibility of an underlying @entity1200 . We calculate a relative risk of 6.0. The HLA-D region controls the expression of surface antigens. They are responsible for the communication with lymphoid cells. Defect immune response genes in combination with missing reaction to autoantibodies against @entity631 may lead to an increase of susceptibility for the disease.

title: XXXX --an autoaggressive immunopathy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['oculo-oto renal involvement', 'hereditary nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary chronic nephritis', "Alport's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['terminal renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular basement membrane', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity3686 :: (MESH:D009394,Disease) :: ['Alport's syndrome']


abstract: @entity32117 ( @entity32117 ) is a rare syndrome with unknown pathogenesis. Data have shown a higher prevalence in female gender. We present a @entity1 with @entity1986 and @entity1596 and antitubular antibody. A 23-year-old @entity1 presented with a history of @entity353 , @entity1209 , and @entity1596 . His serum @entity1011 was 2.1mg/d with @entity4658 and @entity644 in urinalysis. Other laboratory and imaging studies were unremarkable. Kidney biopsy showed granulomatous @entity1986 . Normal renal tissue specimen treated with patient's serum showed focal cytoplasmic staining in cortical tubular cells. The @entity1 received @entity617 for 1 month. @entity1986 and @entity1596 were well controlled. There was no recurrence in 1-year follow-up. We suggest that @entity1986 and @entity1596 should be considered in differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity1986 and @entity1596 . Antitubular antibody may be used as a diagnosis marker for this syndrome.

title: XXXX : report of a rare syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['uveitis syndrome', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial nephritis', 'tubulointerstitial nephritis', 'interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity32117 :: ('MESH:C536922', 'Disease') :: ['TINU', 'Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea, and vomiting']

answer: @entity32117 :: (MESH:C536922,Disease) :: ['Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) is one of the key cytokines in the induction of osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Several reports indicated the presence of sRANKL in gingival crevicular fluid of @entity1 with @entity2520 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of @entity5298 in peri-implant crevicular fluid samples of implants with @entity737 , @entity33 and healthy controls. METHODS: In this study, 40 implants were categorized as clinically healthy, @entity33 and @entity737 according to the clinical and radiographic findings. Filter paper strips were used to collect peri-implant crevicular fluid for 30 seconds in the base of the crevice/pocket. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) samples were obtained from buccal and lingual aspects of implants. Plaque index, probing depth, gingival index and @entity548 on probing were recorded at six sites per implant. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the PICF levels of sRANKL. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in sRANKL concentration between healthy group, @entity33 and @entity737 (p=0.12). There were also no statistical correlation between the concentration of sRANKL and probing pocket depth (R=0.051, p=0.65), or any of the other clinical regarding (p>0.05). No differences between the mean sRANKL concentration in the buccal and lingual sites were found (p=0.693). CONCLUSION: Our results may suggest that peri-implant crevicular fluid analysis of sRANKL in conjunction with some other osteoclastogenic mediators could be further investigated in further well-designed prospective longitudinal studies on a larger-scale sample size in the evaluation of dental implants.

title: XXXX ( @entity5298 ) levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid.

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implant mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand', 'RANKL']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['periimplantitis', 'peri-implantitis']

answer: @entity5298 :: (8600,Gene) :: ['Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) is one of the key cytokines in the induction of osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Several reports indicated the presence of sRANKL in gingival crevicular fluid of @entity1 with @entity2520 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of @entity5298 in peri-implant crevicular fluid samples of implants with @entity737 , @entity33 and healthy controls. METHODS: In this study, 40 implants were categorized as clinically healthy, @entity33 and @entity737 according to the clinical and radiographic findings. Filter paper strips were used to collect peri-implant crevicular fluid for 30 seconds in the base of the crevice/pocket. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) samples were obtained from buccal and lingual aspects of implants. Plaque index, probing depth, gingival index and @entity548 on probing were recorded at six sites per implant. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the PICF levels of sRANKL. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in sRANKL concentration between healthy group, @entity33 and @entity737 (p=0.12). There were also no statistical correlation between the concentration of sRANKL and probing pocket depth (R=0.051, p=0.65), or any of the other clinical regarding (p>0.05). No differences between the mean sRANKL concentration in the buccal and lingual sites were found (p=0.693). CONCLUSION: Our results may suggest that peri-implant crevicular fluid analysis of sRANKL in conjunction with some other osteoclastogenic mediators could be further investigated in further well-designed prospective longitudinal studies on a larger-scale sample size in the evaluation of dental implants.

title: @entity5298 ( XXXX ) levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5298 :: (8600,Gene) :: ['RANKL']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma and @entity2023 are among the most common diseases in the world. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to detect, by skin prick test, aeroallergens in @entity56 @entity1 in Sari, Mazandaran in north of Iran. METHODS: This is a prospective study of skin prick test of aeroallergens in @entity565 , @entity2023 and their combination with clinical diagnosis. Three hundred and seventy five cases aged between 5 to 50 years, were referred to Tooba and Boo-Ali @entity56 centers of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences between December 2006 and July 2009. The aeroallergens studied included house dust mites ( @entity8786 , @entity7130 ), cockroaches, feather, aspergillus, Alternaria, pigweed, nettle, oak and maple. RESULTS: Of the studied individuals, 175 cases were males (46.7%) and 200 were females (53.3%), of which 156 (n=41.5%) reacted to allergen extracts. In @entity565 , @entity2023 and their combination, the respective positive percentages were 26.6%, 22.9%, and 32.6% for @entity8786 ; 26.6%, 25.3%, and 23.3% for @entity7130 ; 12.7%, 17.4%, and 11.6% for cockroaches and 16.5%, 4.7%, and 7.0% for the feather. Other allergens were positive up to 5 percent. Total IgE levels were elevated in 56.4%, 53% and 60.5% of asthmatic, @entity2023 and the combination group, respectively. Eosinophils count was elevated in 40.5%, 33.2% and 37.2% of the same groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: The @entity56 to house dust mites is very common in north of Iran which may be attributed to the warm and humid weather of this area.

title: XXXX to house dust mite and cockroach is the most common allergy in north of iran.

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Hypersensitivity']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 had mesenteric, portal, or @entity49 that was diagnosed primarily by contrast-enhanced CT. The group included five @entity1 with @entity1003 , three with @entity3123 , two with @entity82 and @entity101 , one with @entity788 , and one with @entity157 . In two @entity1 , no etiology was determined. In all cases, CT easily identified low-density @entity49 , which frequently involved more than one vein. In four @entity1 , all three splanchnic veins were involved; five @entity1 had occlusion of two veins. In five @entity1 , only one vein was involved. Additional CT findings included ascites, collateral veins, @entity382 , and @entity381 . No venous wall enhancement was found. CT also was helpful in defining the cause of @entity715 in six of 14 @entity1 . Mesenteric @entity4 and/or bowel wall thickening was not identified. None of the @entity1 had classic clinical evidence of @entity432 , and none died primarily of that disease. The major morbidity suffered by these @entity1 stemmed from complications of @entity432 , and nine @entity1 ultimately required sclerotherapy, splenectomy, and portal decompression. We conclude that CT is useful in the diagnosis of @entity49 . Our experience suggests that mesenteric, @entity49 may occur more commonly than has been previously thought and that the disease in many cases is not life threatening.

title: XXXX of the splanchnic veins: CT diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'splanchnic venous thrombosis', 'splenic, and/or portal venous thrombosis', 'splenic venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Long-term live cell imaging was used in this study to determine the responses of @entity1 epithelial cells to pathogenic biofilms formed by @entity5132 . Epithelial cells of the skin represent the front line of defense against invasive pathogens such as @entity5132 but under certain circumstances, especially when the host's immune system is compromised, the skin barrier is breached. The mechanisms by which the fungal pathogen penetrates the skin and invade the deeper layers are not fully understood. In this study we used keratinocytes grown in culture as an in vitro model system to determine changes in host cell migration and the actin cytoskeleton in response to virulence factors produced by biofilms of pathogenic @entity5132 . It is clear that changes in epithelial cell migration are part of the response to virulence factors secreted by biofilms of @entity5132 and the actin cytoskeleton is the downstream effector that mediates cell migration. Our goal is to understand the mechanism by which virulence factors hijack the signaling pathways of the actin cytoskeleton to alter cell migration and thereby invade host tissues. To understand the dynamic changes of the actin cytoskeleton during infection, we used long-term live cell imaging to obtain spatial and temporal information of actin filament dynamics and to identify signal transduction pathways that regulate the actin cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. Long-term live cell imaging was achieved using a high resolution, multi-mode epifluorescence microscope equipped with specialized light sources, high-speed cameras with high sensitivity detectors, and specific biocompatible fluorescent markers. In addition to the multi-mode epifluorescence microscope, a spinning disk confocal long-term live cell imaging system (Olympus CV1000) equipped with a stage incubator to create a stable in vitro environment for long-term real-time and time-lapse microscopy was used. Detailed descriptions of these two long-term live cell imaging systems are provided.

title: Long-Term Live Cell Imaging of Cell Migration: Effects of Pathogenic Fungi on XXXX Epithelial Cell Migration.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']