abstract: BACKGROUND: Buruli @entity1066 caused by @entity7663 is an infection of the subcutaneous tissue leading to chronic @entity4685 skin ulcers. The pathogenesis is associated with the cytocidal and immunosuppressive activities of a @entity7646 toxin. Histopathological hallmark of progressing disease is a poor inflammatory response despite of clusters of extracellular bacilli. While traditionally wide excision of the infected tissue was the standard treatment, provisional WHO guidelines now recommend an eight week pre-treatment with @entity3639 and @entity1215 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a detailed immunohistochemical analysis of tissue samples from Buruli @entity1 who received antibiotic treatment. Cellular immune response along with bacterial load and distribution were monitored. We demonstrate that this treatment leads to the development of highly organized cellular infiltration surrounding areas of coagulative @entity39 . Diffuse infiltrates, @entity738 and dense lymphocyte aggregation close to vessels were observed. Mycobacterial material was primarily located inside mononuclear phagocytes and microcolonies consisting of extracellular rod-shaped mycobacteria were no longer found. In observational studies some @entity1 showed no clinical response to antibiotic treatment. Corresponding to that, one of five lesions analysed presented with huge clusters of rod-shaped bacilli but no signs of infiltration. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Results signify that eight weeks of antibiotic treatment reverses local immunosuppression and leads to an active inflammatory process in different compartments of the skin. Structured leukocyte infiltrates with unique signatures indicative for healing processes developed at the margins of the lesions. It remains to be analysed whether antibiotic resistance of certain strains of @entity7663 , lacking @entity1 compliance or poor drug quality are responsible for the absent clinical responses in some @entity1 . In future, analysis of local immune responses could serve as a suitable surrogate marker for the efficacy of alternative treatment strategies.

title: Development of highly organized lymphoid structures in Buruli XXXX after treatment with @entity1215 and @entity3639 .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity7663 :: ('1809', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium ulcerans', 'M. ulcerans']

entities_list: @entity4685 :: ('MESH:D009187', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Buruli @entity1066 caused by @entity7663 is an infection of the subcutaneous tissue leading to chronic @entity4685 skin ulcers. The pathogenesis is associated with the cytocidal and immunosuppressive activities of a @entity7646 toxin. Histopathological hallmark of progressing disease is a poor inflammatory response despite of clusters of extracellular bacilli. While traditionally wide excision of the infected tissue was the standard treatment, provisional WHO guidelines now recommend an eight week pre-treatment with @entity3639 and @entity1215 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a detailed immunohistochemical analysis of tissue samples from Buruli @entity1 who received antibiotic treatment. Cellular immune response along with bacterial load and distribution were monitored. We demonstrate that this treatment leads to the development of highly organized cellular infiltration surrounding areas of coagulative @entity39 . Diffuse infiltrates, @entity738 and dense lymphocyte aggregation close to vessels were observed. Mycobacterial material was primarily located inside mononuclear phagocytes and microcolonies consisting of extracellular rod-shaped mycobacteria were no longer found. In observational studies some @entity1 showed no clinical response to antibiotic treatment. Corresponding to that, one of five lesions analysed presented with huge clusters of rod-shaped bacilli but no signs of infiltration. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Results signify that eight weeks of antibiotic treatment reverses local immunosuppression and leads to an active inflammatory process in different compartments of the skin. Structured leukocyte infiltrates with unique signatures indicative for healing processes developed at the margins of the lesions. It remains to be analysed whether antibiotic resistance of certain strains of @entity7663 , lacking @entity1 compliance or poor drug quality are responsible for the absent clinical responses in some @entity1 . In future, analysis of local immune responses could serve as a suitable surrogate marker for the efficacy of alternative treatment strategies.

title: Development of highly organized lymphoid structures in Buruli @entity1066 after treatment with @entity1215 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity3639 :: (MESH:D013307,Chemical) :: ['streptomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Buruli @entity1066 caused by @entity7663 is an infection of the subcutaneous tissue leading to chronic @entity4685 skin ulcers. The pathogenesis is associated with the cytocidal and immunosuppressive activities of a @entity7646 toxin. Histopathological hallmark of progressing disease is a poor inflammatory response despite of clusters of extracellular bacilli. While traditionally wide excision of the infected tissue was the standard treatment, provisional WHO guidelines now recommend an eight week pre-treatment with @entity3639 and @entity1215 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a detailed immunohistochemical analysis of tissue samples from Buruli @entity1 who received antibiotic treatment. Cellular immune response along with bacterial load and distribution were monitored. We demonstrate that this treatment leads to the development of highly organized cellular infiltration surrounding areas of coagulative @entity39 . Diffuse infiltrates, @entity738 and dense lymphocyte aggregation close to vessels were observed. Mycobacterial material was primarily located inside mononuclear phagocytes and microcolonies consisting of extracellular rod-shaped mycobacteria were no longer found. In observational studies some @entity1 showed no clinical response to antibiotic treatment. Corresponding to that, one of five lesions analysed presented with huge clusters of rod-shaped bacilli but no signs of infiltration. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Results signify that eight weeks of antibiotic treatment reverses local immunosuppression and leads to an active inflammatory process in different compartments of the skin. Structured leukocyte infiltrates with unique signatures indicative for healing processes developed at the margins of the lesions. It remains to be analysed whether antibiotic resistance of certain strains of @entity7663 , lacking @entity1 compliance or poor drug quality are responsible for the absent clinical responses in some @entity1 . In future, analysis of local immune responses could serve as a suitable surrogate marker for the efficacy of alternative treatment strategies.

title: Development of highly organized lymphoid structures in Buruli @entity1066 after treatment with XXXX and @entity3639 .

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampicin']


abstract: QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY: Injuries due to interpersonal violence are a worldwide public health problem. In Switzerland, interpersonal violence seems to be an increasing problem in emergency departments (EDs) and is a topic of keen public debate. The primary objective of the current study is to describe our experience of interpersonal violence-related @entity2613 visits over a six-year period. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical records using the @entity2613 electronic @entity1 database (Qualicare, Qualidoc Bern). Demographics, diagnosis, length of stay, @entity2613 and hospital charges were compared for each year. RESULTS: From 1.1.2001 to 31.12.2006 we treated a total of 1190 @entity1 injured in interpersonal violence. 1064 (89%) were males and 126 (11%) females. The mean age was 27 years (SD 10). 752 @entity1 (63%) were Swiss citizens and 438 (37%) non-Swiss. 853 @entity1 (71%) were employed and only 73 (6%) were unemployed in 2006. There was an increase from 155 @entity1 in 2001 to 275 in 2006. Compared to 2001 there was an increase in cases over weekends. 796 @entity1 (78%) were discharged within 24 hours of @entity130 (12%) were kept for more than 24 hours. @entity542 and extremities were the most frequent. The leading cause of injury was blunt instruments (96%). The median cost of initial treatment per @entity1 admitted increased from CHF 1100 (IQR 5, 4900) in 2002 to CHF 5000 (IQR 3100, 7300) in 2006. DISCUSSION: There has been no significant change in @entity1 ' age nor a shift in the nationality of @entity1 over the past 6 years There has been a notable increase in @entity1 needing hospitalisation, principally due to a rise in serious @entity542 , a factor contributing to a impressive increase in costs per @entity1 . The data presented here are intended as a basis for further research in the field of violence and prevention throughout Switzerland.

title: Are times getting tougher? A six year survey of urban violence related XXXX in a Swiss university hospital.

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'Injuries to the head']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and medical personnel are eager to use blood @entity413 meters that are easy to handle and fast acting. We questioned whether accuracy and precision of these new, small and light weight devices would meet analytical laboratory standards and tested four meters with the above mentioned conditions. METHODS: Approximately 300 capillary blood samples were collected and tested using two devices of each brand and two different types of @entity413 test strips. Blood from the same samples was used for comparison. Results were evaluated using maximum deviation of 5% and 10% from the comparative method, the error grid analysis, the overall deviation of the devices, the linear regression analysis as well as the CVs for measurement in series. RESULTS: Of all 1196 measurements a deviation of less than 5% resp. 10% from the reference method was found for the FreeStyle (FS) meter in 69.5% and 96%, the @entity1112 Meter (GX) in 44% and 75%, the One Touch Ultra (OT) in 29% and 60%, the @entity8125 ( @entity8125 ) in 28.5% and 58%. The error grid analysis gave 99.7% for FS, 99% for GX, 98% for OT and 97% for @entity8125 in zone A. The remainder of the values lay within zone B. Linear regression analysis resembled these results. CVs for measurement in series showed higher deviations for OT and @entity8125 compared to FS and GX. CONCLUSIONS: The four new, small and fast acting @entity413 meters fulfil clinically relevant analytical laboratory requirements making them appropriate for use by medical personnel. However, with regard to the tight and restrictive limits of the ADA recommendations, the devices are still in need of improvement. This should be taken into account when the devices are used by primarily inexperienced @entity1 and is relevant for further industrial development of such devices.

title: New, small, fast acting blood XXXX meters--an analytical laboratory evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity8125 :: ('MESH:C579935', 'Disease') :: ['WT', 'Wellion True Track']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['Glucocard X']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Instability under non-native processing conditions, especially at elevated temperatures, is a major factor preventing the widespread adoption of biocatalysts for industrial synthesis. A crucial distinction of many redox enzymes used to synthesize chiral compounds is the need for cofactors (e.g., @entity2125 (P)(H)) for function. Because of the prohibitively high prices of @entity4571 cofactors, a robust cofactor-regenerating enzyme is required for the economical synthesis of fine chemicals by biocatalysis. Here we test the structure-guided consensus for the generation of a thermostable @entity413 dehydrogenase (GDH). The consensus sequence in combination with additional knowledge-based criteria was used to select @entity1522 for substitutions. Using this approach we generated 24 variants, 11 of which showed higher thermal stability than the wild-type GDH, a success rate of 46 %. Of the 24 variants, seven were located at the subunit interface-known to influence GDH stability-and six were more stable (86 % success). The best variants feature a half-life of approximately 3.5 days at 65 degrees C, in contrast to approximately 20 min at 25 degrees C for the wild type, thus enhancing stability 10(6)-fold. In addition, the three most stabilizing single mutations were transferred to two GDH homologues from @entity11137 and @entity10948 . The thermal stability as measured by half-life and @entity1050 (222 nm) of the GDH variants was increased, as expected. The resulting stability changes provide further support for the view that these residues are critical for stability of GDHs and reinforce the success of the consensus approach for identifying stabilizing mutations.

title: Development of a thermostable XXXX dehydrogenase by a structure-guided consensus concept.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity10948 :: ('1402', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus licheniformis']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Protein electrophoresis is used for the detection, evaluation and follow-up of @entity1581 ( @entity1581 ) conditions such as @entity8057 ( @entity8057 ). Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) is currently the most common method for isotyping of @entity1581 because of its superior sensitivity relative to immunoelectrophoresis (IEP). We designed a study to evaluate the clinicobiological relevance of small monoclonal bands detected by serum protein electrophoresis, IEP, and IFE. Serum protein electrophoresis, IEP, and IFE were used to evaluate possible @entity1581 in 46 members (29 relatives and 17 nonbloodline spouses) from 3 families with multiple cases of @entity8057 . IFE identified small monoclonal bands initially missed by IEP in 5 individuals (2 blood relatives, 3 spouses) among 46 study @entity1 . All bands were IgM type. Twenty-three individuals, including the 2 blood relatives and 2 of 3 spouses with @entity1581 , were then followed for a median of 17 years (range, 13-25). The @entity1581 progressed in the 2 relatives but disappeared in the spouses, and new IgM @entity1581 developed in 2 additional relatives with a prior history of IgM @entity1581 . Small monoclonal bands detected by IFE in a familial context may be biologically meaningful, both as phenotypic biomarkers and possibly as predictors of high risk for @entity8057 . Polyclonal IgM may also be a marker of genetic susceptibility in @entity8057 families. Larger studies are needed to confirm these observations.

title: Protein electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis as predictors for high-risk phenotype in familial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['WM', 'Waldenstr  m macroglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['polyclonal gammopathy', 'monoclonal gammopathy', 'MG']

answer: @entity8057 :: (MESH:D008258,Disease) :: ['Waldenstr  m macroglobulinemia']


abstract: In recent years associations have been reported between @entity4810 and chronic @entity358 . These disorders include @entity36064 , @entity1577 and @entity3896 . For each disorder, case reports or small groups of @entity1 have been described. However, it remains to be determined if these @entity4670 play a significant role in primary @entity4595 (P.B). To do this, we compared the fertility rate of 35 @entity1 (24 males, 11 females) with clinical and radiological evidence of P.B. and of 71 @entity1 (54 males, 17 females) with secondary @entity4595 (S.B) due to a @entity764 (mainly @entity378 and @entity3311 with @entity2415 ). We abstracted the clinical records of this group of 106 @entity1 , hospitalized between 1966 and 1983 for: age at the time of hospitalization, sex, diagnosis (P.B. vs. S.B.), association with @entity1244 and situs inversus, socio-economic status, ethnic group, marital status and fertility (graded as 0 or 1+). The crude association between P.B. and @entity249 is strong (p greater than 0.10). However age may represent a confounding factor as @entity1 with P.B. are younger (p less than 0.01) than @entity1 with S.B., and more often single (p less than 0.01). Initially we restricted the analysis to married @entity1 of both groups, and still got a significant association. Then we compared mean age in childless married @entity1 of both groups and observed a non-significant difference. Moreover, when we compared fertility in older @entity1 , for example in @entity1 over 30 years old, the association still persists (p less than 0.03). In conclusion, the @entity4670 associating bronchiectasia and @entity249 must be looked for in the check up of P.B., all the more so as some can be cured of their @entity249 .

title: [Epidemiological approach to the relationship between XXXX and sterility].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disorders']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity3896 :: ('MESH:C536718', 'Disease') :: ["Young's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['defined chest disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity36064 :: ('MESH:D002925', 'Disease') :: ['immotile-cilia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biliary @entity850 are a common complication of liver transplantation, occurring in up to 7% of @entity1 at our center. Endoscopic therapy has started to replace surgical biliary reconstruction as the favored means of managing these @entity1 in some centers, although the utility of this approach has never been tested in the setting of a standardized prospective study. METHODS: This was a standardized, prospective observational study in the liver transplantation unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Between June 2000 and August 2006, a total of 791 adults underwent liver transplantation at the Birmingham liver unit and 53 @entity1 were diagnosed with biliary @entity850 . All 53 @entity1 chose to undergo endoscopic therapy and were managed according to the unit's standardized treatment protocol. Data and information from the @entity1 records was collated prospectively, stored in a specific database, and analyzed by intention-to-treat. RESULTS: Endoscopic therapy was successful in 69% of @entity1 referred with @entity850 with a median stent free follow up of 18 months. Most @entity1 required a median of 3 endoscopic procedures and two 24F balloon dilatations to adequately treat the stricture. The median continuous indwelling stent period was 11 months. Two @entity1 were re-stented because of @entity1087 although only one @entity1 had recurrence of the anastomotic stricture (3%). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic balloon dilatation and stenting is a safe and effective means of treating biliary @entity850 complicating liver transplantation.

title: A prospective study of standardized nonsurgical therapy in the management of biliary XXXX complicating liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic strictures']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['anastomotic strictures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with Down syndrome (DS) virtually all develop @entity717 ( @entity717 ) of varying degree of severity, and also have a high risk of early @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity717 prior to the onset of @entity303 , and its relationship to the onset of @entity303 in DS is a complex phenomenon influenced by many factors, and scarcely understood. Unraveling the causative factors and modulators of these processes remains a challenge, with potential to be informative for both @entity717 and @entity195 , for the development of early biomarkers and/or therapeutic approaches. We review the potential relative and inter-connected roles of the chromosome 21 gene for @entity477 ( @entity477 ), in both pathological conditions. Rare non-DS @entity1 with duplication of @entity477 ( @entity70806 ) get familial early onset @entity195 (FEOAD) with virtually 100% penetrance and prominent cerebrovascular pathology, but don't suffer from @entity717 before @entity303 onset. All of these features appear to be radically different in DS. On the other hand, rare individuals with @entity1467 (T21) (with @entity477 , but not DS-critical region in trisomy) have been described having @entity717 . Likewise, partial T21 DS (without @entity477 trisomy) show a range of @entity717 , but no @entity195 pathology. We review the multi-faceted roles of @entity477 that might affect cognitive functioning. Given the fact that both Ab secretion and synaptic maturation/plasticity are dependent on neuronal activity, we explore how this conflicting inter-dependency might affect cognitive pathogenesis in a dynamic way in DS, throughout the lifespan of an individual.

title: Inter-Dependent Mechanisms Behind Cognitive Dysfunction, Vascular Biology and @entity195 in Down Syndrome: Multi-Faceted Roles of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['APP', 'amyloid precursor protein']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['partial trisomy 21']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity70806 :: ('|DUP||APP', 'DNAMutation') :: ['dupAPP']

answer: @entity477 :: (351,Gene) :: ['APP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with Down syndrome (DS) virtually all develop @entity717 ( @entity717 ) of varying degree of severity, and also have a high risk of early @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity717 prior to the onset of @entity303 , and its relationship to the onset of @entity303 in DS is a complex phenomenon influenced by many factors, and scarcely understood. Unraveling the causative factors and modulators of these processes remains a challenge, with potential to be informative for both @entity717 and @entity195 , for the development of early biomarkers and/or therapeutic approaches. We review the potential relative and inter-connected roles of the chromosome 21 gene for @entity477 ( @entity477 ), in both pathological conditions. Rare non-DS @entity1 with duplication of @entity477 ( @entity70806 ) get familial early onset @entity195 (FEOAD) with virtually 100% penetrance and prominent cerebrovascular pathology, but don't suffer from @entity717 before @entity303 onset. All of these features appear to be radically different in DS. On the other hand, rare individuals with @entity1467 (T21) (with @entity477 , but not DS-critical region in trisomy) have been described having @entity717 . Likewise, partial T21 DS (without @entity477 trisomy) show a range of @entity717 , but no @entity195 pathology. We review the multi-faceted roles of @entity477 that might affect cognitive functioning. Given the fact that both Ab secretion and synaptic maturation/plasticity are dependent on neuronal activity, we explore how this conflicting inter-dependency might affect cognitive pathogenesis in a dynamic way in DS, throughout the lifespan of an individual.

title: Inter-Dependent Mechanisms Behind Cognitive Dysfunction, Vascular Biology and XXXX in Down Syndrome: Multi-Faceted Roles of @entity477 .

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Dementia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Long-term @entity308 (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity are models of synaptic plasticity which have been associated with memory and learning. The induction of LTD and LTP-like plasticity, using different stimulation protocols, has been proposed as a means of addressing abnormalities in cortical excitability associated with conditions such as @entity14978 and @entity64 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether the excitability of the cortical projections to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle could be decreased when dorsiflexion of the ankle joint was imagined and paired with peripheral electrical stimulation (ES) of the nerve supplying the antagonist soleus muscle. The effect of stimulus timing was evaluated by comparing paired stimulation timed to reach the cortex before, at and after the onset of imagined movement. Fourteen healthy subjects participated in six experimental sessions held on non-consecutive days. The timing of stimulation delivery was determined o   ine based on the contingent negative variation ( @entity471 ) of electroencephalography brain data obtained during imagined dorsiflexion. Afferent stimulation was provided via a single pulse ES to the @entity1897 paired, based on the @entity471 , with motor imagination of ankle dorsiflexion. A significant decrease (P = 0.001) in the excitability of the cortical projection of TA was observed when the afferent volley from the ES of the @entity4957 ( @entity4957 ) reached the cortex at the onset of motor imagination based on the @entity471 . When @entity4957 stimulation was delivered before (P = 0.62), or after (P = 0.23) imagined movement onset there was no significant effect. Nor was a significant effect found when ES of the @entity4957 was applied independent of imagined movement (P = 0.45). Therefore, the excitability of the cortical projection to a muscle can be inhibited when ES of the nerve supplying the antagonist muscle is precisely paired with the onset of imagined movement.

title: Induction of Long-term XXXX -like Plasticity by Pairings of Motor Imagination and Peripheral Electrical Stimulation.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity14978 :: ('MESH:C566973', 'Disease') :: ['focal hand dystonia']

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['tibial nerve', 'TN']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: @entity3473 ( @entity3473 ), an invagination of a portion of the intestine into itself, has recently attracted considerable interest after the withdrawal of a rotavirus vaccine because of reports on increased risk of @entity3473 shortly after vaccination. The present study was designed to shed further light on the mechanism of @entity3473 formation and its prevention. @entity3473 was induced in adult @entity19 by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 8 mg/kg) from @entity2491 . The presence of @entity3473 was confirmed at laparotomy. The serum levels @entity637 were measured with ELISA. Six hours after LPS injection, 14.5% of the animals demonstrated @entity3473 . A total of 65 animals received @entity13586 (20 mg/kg), a selective @entity10178 inhibitor, 15-30 min before intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and only two (3%) in this group demonstrated @entity3473 6 h later (P < 0.05 vs. control). We confirmed the well-known increase in serum @entity637 levels in response to LPS; however, this increase was not blocked by @entity13586 pretreatment. Notably, there was no correlation between the serum @entity637 levels and the development of @entity3473 . The results show that the occurrence of @entity3473 can be significantly decreased by pretreatment with a selective @entity10178 inhibitor.

title: Prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced intussusception in @entity19 by the @entity10178 inhibitor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'Intussusception']

answer: @entity13586 :: (MESH:C116926,Chemical) :: ['rofecoxib']


abstract: @entity3473 ( @entity3473 ), an invagination of a portion of the intestine into itself, has recently attracted considerable interest after the withdrawal of a rotavirus vaccine because of reports on increased risk of @entity3473 shortly after vaccination. The present study was designed to shed further light on the mechanism of @entity3473 formation and its prevention. @entity3473 was induced in adult @entity19 by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 8 mg/kg) from @entity2491 . The presence of @entity3473 was confirmed at laparotomy. The serum levels @entity637 were measured with ELISA. Six hours after LPS injection, 14.5% of the animals demonstrated @entity3473 . A total of 65 animals received @entity13586 (20 mg/kg), a selective @entity10178 inhibitor, 15-30 min before intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and only two (3%) in this group demonstrated @entity3473 6 h later (P < 0.05 vs. control). We confirmed the well-known increase in serum @entity637 levels in response to LPS; however, this increase was not blocked by @entity13586 pretreatment. Notably, there was no correlation between the serum @entity637 levels and the development of @entity3473 . The results show that the occurrence of @entity3473 can be significantly decreased by pretreatment with a selective @entity10178 inhibitor.

title: Prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced intussusception in @entity19 by the XXXX inhibitor @entity13586 .

answer: @entity10178 :: (17709(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['COX2']


abstract: @entity3473 ( @entity3473 ), an invagination of a portion of the intestine into itself, has recently attracted considerable interest after the withdrawal of a rotavirus vaccine because of reports on increased risk of @entity3473 shortly after vaccination. The present study was designed to shed further light on the mechanism of @entity3473 formation and its prevention. @entity3473 was induced in adult @entity19 by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 8 mg/kg) from @entity2491 . The presence of @entity3473 was confirmed at laparotomy. The serum levels @entity637 were measured with ELISA. Six hours after LPS injection, 14.5% of the animals demonstrated @entity3473 . A total of 65 animals received @entity13586 (20 mg/kg), a selective @entity10178 inhibitor, 15-30 min before intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and only two (3%) in this group demonstrated @entity3473 6 h later (P < 0.05 vs. control). We confirmed the well-known increase in serum @entity637 levels in response to LPS; however, this increase was not blocked by @entity13586 pretreatment. Notably, there was no correlation between the serum @entity637 levels and the development of @entity3473 . The results show that the occurrence of @entity3473 can be significantly decreased by pretreatment with a selective @entity10178 inhibitor.

title: Prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced intussusception in XXXX by the @entity10178 inhibitor @entity13586 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Increases in the incidence of childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ) have been reported in some countries, while other reports from similar geographical regions have indicated stable rates. The reasons for the discrepancies have been debated in the literature, with the focus on whether the observed increases are "real" or an artifact resulting from improvements in diagnosis, case ascertainment and population coverage over time. We used population-based data from Western Australia to investigate trends in the incidence of childhood @entity981 between 1960 and 2006. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and rate ratios (indicating annual percent change) were estimated using Poisson regression. Between 1960 and 2006, the ASR was 3.7 per 100,000 @entity1 -years, with an annual percent increase of 0.40% (95% CI: -0.20, 1.00). Between 1982 and 2006, the ASR was 3.8, with an annual percent increase of 0.80% (95% CI = -0.70 to 2.30). This increased to 1.42% (95% CI: -0.30, 3.0) when a sensitivity analysis was undertaken to assess the effect of excluding the final 2 years of data. Annual increases of 3.7% (95% CI: -0.50, 8.00) among @entity1 aged 5-14 years, and of 3.10% (95% CI: 0.50, 5.70) in @entity1 , were observed for this latter period. These results were supported by national Australian incidence data available for 1982-2003. There may have been a small increase in the incidence of @entity981 since 1982 among @entity1 and older @entity1 , but an overall increase appears unlikely. No impact of @entity1501 supplementation or fortification is apparent.

title: Trends in childhood XXXX in Western Australia, 1960-2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'person']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Ulcers of lower legs are the most bothersome complication of @entity4096 ( @entity4096 ). AIM: To assess the effectiveness of endovascular fluoroscopically guided sclerotherapy for the treatment of @entity3179 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-eight limbs in 35 @entity1 with @entity3179 were treated with guided sclerotherapy under the control of fluoroscopy. @entity1 with @entity1066 in the course of @entity4096 , with and without features of past @entity1150 , were qualified for the study. Doppler ultrasound and dynamic venography with mapping of venous flow were performed. Ambulatory venous pressure measurements, leg circumference and varicography were performed just before and following the procedure. RESULTS: In 84% of cases, @entity1066 were treated successfully and healed. @entity1 with @entity715 (n = 17) healed in 13 (76.5%) cases, whereas @entity1 without @entity715 (n = 21) healed in 19 (90.5%) cases. The mean time of healing of an @entity1066 for all @entity1 was 83 days (in the first group it was 121 days and in the second group 67 days). Recurrence of an @entity1066 was observed in 10 limbs: 6 cases in the first group and 4 cases in the second group. Occurrence of @entity1150 associated with the procedure was not observed. Temporary complications were reported but none giving a serious clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular fluoroscopically guided sclerotherapy can be an alternative method of treatment of @entity3179 , especially in situations when surgical procedures or other options of treatment are impossible.

title: A new option for endovascular treatment of leg XXXX caused by @entity4096 with fluoroscopically guided sclerotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcers', 'non-healing ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers', 'crural venous ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['CVI', 'chronic venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['post-thrombotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Ulcers of lower legs are the most bothersome complication of @entity4096 ( @entity4096 ). AIM: To assess the effectiveness of endovascular fluoroscopically guided sclerotherapy for the treatment of @entity3179 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-eight limbs in 35 @entity1 with @entity3179 were treated with guided sclerotherapy under the control of fluoroscopy. @entity1 with @entity1066 in the course of @entity4096 , with and without features of past @entity1150 , were qualified for the study. Doppler ultrasound and dynamic venography with mapping of venous flow were performed. Ambulatory venous pressure measurements, leg circumference and varicography were performed just before and following the procedure. RESULTS: In 84% of cases, @entity1066 were treated successfully and healed. @entity1 with @entity715 (n = 17) healed in 13 (76.5%) cases, whereas @entity1 without @entity715 (n = 21) healed in 19 (90.5%) cases. The mean time of healing of an @entity1066 for all @entity1 was 83 days (in the first group it was 121 days and in the second group 67 days). Recurrence of an @entity1066 was observed in 10 limbs: 6 cases in the first group and 4 cases in the second group. Occurrence of @entity1150 associated with the procedure was not observed. Temporary complications were reported but none giving a serious clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular fluoroscopically guided sclerotherapy can be an alternative method of treatment of @entity3179 , especially in situations when surgical procedures or other options of treatment are impossible.

title: A new option for endovascular treatment of leg @entity1066 caused by XXXX with fluoroscopically guided sclerotherapy.

answer: @entity4096 :: (MESH:D014689,Disease) :: ['venous insufficiency']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although the surgical treatment of @entity1 with perforated duodenal @entity1066 is the method of choice, the introduction of effective pharmacotherapy has changed the surgical strategy. Nowadays less extensive procedures are chosen more frequently. The introduction of laparoscopic procedures had a significant impact on treatment results. AIM: To present our experience in the treatment of perforated duodenal @entity1066 in two periods, by comparing open radical anti- @entity1066 procedures with laparoscopic @entity1066 repair. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysis covered @entity1 operated on for perforated duodenal @entity1066 . Two groups of @entity1 were compared. Group 1 included 245 @entity1 operated on in the period 1980-1994 with a traditional method (pyloroplasty + vagotomy) before introduction of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Group 2 included 106 @entity1 treated in the period 2000-2014 with the laparoscopic technique supplemented with PPI therapy. Groups were compared in terms of @entity1 ' demographic structure, operative time, complication rate and mortality. RESULTS: The mean operative time in group 1 was shorter than in group 2 (p < 0.0001). Complications were noted in 57 (23.3%) @entity1 in group 1 and 14 (13.5%) @entity1 in group 2 (p = 0.0312). Reoperation was necessary in 13 (5.3%) cases in group 1 and in 5 cases in group 2 (p = 0.8179). The mortality rate in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 2 (10.2% vs. 2.8%, p = 0.0192). In group 1, median length of hospital stay was 9 days and differed significantly from group 2 (6 days, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Within the last 30 years, significant changes in treatment of perforated peptic @entity1066 (PPU) have occurred, mainly related to abandoning routine radical anti- @entity1066 procedures and replacing the open technique with minimally invasive surgery. Thus it was possible to improve treatment results by reducing complication and mortality rates, and shortening the length of hospital stay. Although the laparoscopic operation is longer, it improves outcomes. In the authors' opinion, in each @entity1 with suspected peptic @entity1066 perforation, laparoscopy should be the method of choice.

title: Changing patterns in the surgical treatment of perforated duodenal XXXX - single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite extensive evidence for @entity73 associated with drug use and multiple publications supporting the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation treatment (CRT) services for drug addictions, there are a few well-structured tools and organized programs to improve cognitive abilities in substance users. Most published studies on cognitive rehabilitation for drug dependent @entity1 used rehabilitation tools, which have been previously designed for other types of @entity1545 such as @entity161 or @entity131 and not specifically designed for drug dependent @entity1 . These studies also suffer from small sample size, lack of follow-up period assessments and or comprehensive treatment outcome measures. To address these limitations, we decided to develop and investigate the efficacy of a paper and pencil cognitive rehabilitation package called NECOREDA (Neurocognitive Rehabilitation for @entity66 ) to improve @entity149 associated with @entity734 caused by stimulants (e.g. @entity4944 type stimulants and @entity2072 ) and opiates. To evaluate the feasibility of NECOREDA program, we conducted a pilot study with 10 opiate and @entity888 dependent @entity1 for 3 months in outpatient setting. NECOREDA was revised based on qualitative comments received from clients and treatment providers. Final version of NECOREDA is composed of brain training exercises called "Brain Gym" and psychoeducational modules called "Brain Treasures" which is implemented in 16 training sessions interleaved with 16 review and practice sessions. NECOREDA will be evaluated as an add-on intervention to @entity284 maintenance treatment in a randomized clinical trial among opiate dependent @entity1 starting from August 2015. We discuss methodological features of NECOREDA development and evaluation in this article.

title: NEuro COgnitive REhabilitation for XXXX (NECOREDA) Program: From Development to Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Disease of Addiction']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug dependence particularly']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Disease of Addiction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. Therapeutic properties of Teucrium species as antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, anticancer, diuretic, and tonic compounds have been proved earlier. Materials and Methods. In this study, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of Teucrium persicum on @entity1118 , @entity1930 as a model of @entity9 , and inflammatory models were investigated by @entity406 , hot-plate, and @entity2708 pellet-induced @entity738 models in @entity19 , respectively. T. persicum aqueous extracts (100, 200, and 400   mg/kg) were orally gavaged for one week. On 8th day, the time spent and the number of lickings were recorded in @entity406 test. @entity1286 and @entity3522 were used intraperitoneally as positive controls. In sciatic nerve ligated animals, as a model of @entity9 , doses (100, 200, and 400   mg/kg) of T. persicum extract (TPE) were orally gavaged for 14 consecutive days. The analgesic effect of this extract was examined 14 days after @entity1930 using the hot-plate test. Controls received saline and @entity2645 (40   mg/kg, i.p.) was used a positive control for @entity9 model. Results. In the @entity406 test, a week oral gavage of all TPE doses (100, 200, and 400   mg/kg) caused a significant decrease on the licking response compared to the control negative animals. In the hot-plate test, doses of 200 and 400   mg/kg showed significant analgesic effects in sciatic nerve ligated animals. Oral gavaged of TPE revealed significant analgesic effect on @entity1118 in both @entity406 test and sciatic nerve ligated animals. The TPEs did not have any significant anti-inflammatory effects in @entity2708 pellet-induced @entity738 formation in @entity19 . Conclusions. These results suggest that the aqueous extract from T. persicum Boiss. produced antinociceptive effects. Its exact mechanism of action still remains indistinct.

title: Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Teucrium persicum Boiss. Extract in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['Diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipramine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['sciatic nerve ligation']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is recommended to be performed twice to accurately assess exercise performance in stable @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) due to the presence of a learning effect. It is unknown whether a learning effect exists when the 6MWT is performed during hospitalisation for acute exacerbation of @entity1030 (AECOPD). This study investigated whether repeat 6MWTs are necessary when conducted in inpatients with AECOPD. Pooled analysis was undertaken of data from two studies (Australia and Brazil) involving 46 @entity1 (25 males, mean age 67.2 years, FEV1 43% predicted) admitted with AECOPD. Two 6MWTs, separated by >= 20 minutes, were performed on the day of discharge. Six-minute walk distance (6MWD; primary outcome), perceived dyspnoea (Borg scale), heart rate and oxyhaemoglobin saturation were recorded. 6MWD data from tests one (T1) and two (T2) were analysed via visual inspection of Bland-Altman plots. Factors associated with test improvement or decline were explored. Mean 6MWD difference between T1 and T2 was 6.2 m, however limits of agreement were wide (-92.2 m to 104.5 m). 32 (70%) @entity1 improved (by any distance) from T1 to T2 by a mean (   standard deviation) of 32 m    28 m. Of these, 14 (30%) improved by a distance > 30 m. Fourteen (30%) @entity1 recorded poorer 6MWD at T2 by a mean of 52 m    36 m. No factors were able to identify @entity1 who improved or declined upon repeat testing. When performed in @entity1 admitted to hospital with AECOPD, the 6MWT needs to be conducted twice in order to better estimate 6MWD.

title: Two 6-minute Walk Tests Are Required During Hospitalisation for Acute Exacerbation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Social understanding is often thought to be relatively 'protected' in @entity1 with @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) and to underlie the outgoing personality characteristically attributed to them. This paper draws together findings from our studies of behaviours during object concept testing, generally considered a theoretically 'pure' measure of early cognitive ability, and from more recent work focusing on two key socio-cognitive skills: recognising facial expressions of emotion and collaborative learning. Age range of @entity1 studied was 4 months to 18 years. METHODS: Using standardised hiding tasks, object concept ability was assessed cross-sectionally and longitudinally in @entity1 with @entity1467 and in age- or stage-matched @entity245 ( @entity245 ) @entity1 . Stability of cognitive advances was assessed and similarities/differences in developmental pathways explored. In the emotion recognition studies, the ability to distinguish six primary emotions was measured, with performance compared with that of developmentally-matched @entity245 @entity1 and age-matched @entity1 with @entity717 of similar severity but differing aetiology [ @entity717 ( @entity717 ) or @entity2100 ( @entity2100 )]. In the collaborative learning study, the impact on sorting skills of working with a peer on a conceptually related task was measured, with outcomes compared in @entity1467 , @entity717 and @entity245 @entity1 @entity13635 . RESULTS: Evidence of counterproductive, socially-based strategies being inappropriately applied by @entity1 with @entity1467 in learning contexts was found in both the object concept and collaborative learning studies, along with inefficient use of current cognitive and linguistic abilities. Emotion recognition weaknesses were also identified, although deficits were relative rather than absolute and individual variability was marked. CONCLUSIONS: In line with emerging evidence from other research teams, findings suggest possible difficulties in some core aspects of interpersonal functioning in @entity1467 , with both qualitative and quantitative differences in how social cognition develops and is applied in learning contexts. Implications for development and for behavioural phenotype theory are briefly discussed.

title: Socio-cognitive understanding: a strength or weakness in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'typically developing']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome", 'DS']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['FXS', 'fragile X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['non-specific intellectual disability', 'NSID', 'intellectual disabilities']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down's syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effects and side-effects of @entity27408 and low molecular weight heparin in @entity1 with @entity49 accompanied with @entity281 . METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with post-traumatic infections in our hospital intensive care center were diagnosed with @entity49 from February 2012 to February 2013. These @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 groups. In group F (18 @entity1 ), the @entity1 were treated with fondaparinux @entity1372 , 2.5 mg, 1/d for 11 d. In group L (18 @entity1 ), the @entity1 were treated with low molecular weight heparin, 4100 U, 1/12 h for 11 d. The incidence of @entity1150 , @entity548 events and @entity881 ( @entity881 ) and mortality of two groups after anticoagulation therapy were analyzed. @entity2002 , D-dimer level and activity of antithrombin III were measured by the coagulation analyzer. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1150 , @entity881 incidence and mortality were not significantly different between the two groups. The rate of @entity548 evens in group F was lower than group L (p < 0.05). Antithrombin III got an upward trend after anticoagulant therapy, in which it was higher in group F than in group L on the 5th d and 11th d (p<0.05). @entity2002 levels were gradually increased, and there was no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05). D-dimer was significantly decreased after anticoagulant therapy for 5 d (p<0.01), and there were significant differences between two groups on the 5th d and 7th d (p<0.05). It showed no significant difference on the 11th d (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Fondaparinux @entity1372 and low molecular weight heparin can effectively improve @entity3459 in @entity1 with @entity281 . Compared with low molecular weight heparin, fondaparinux @entity1372 may reduce the risk of @entity548 events in @entity1 with @entity49 accompanied by @entity281 .

title: Comparison of fondaparinux @entity1372 and low molecular weight heparin in the treatment of XXXX secondary to @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity27408 :: ('MESH:C438268', 'Chemical') :: ['fondaparinux sodium']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic infection']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagul- opathy']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['hypercoagulability']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effects and side-effects of @entity27408 and low molecular weight heparin in @entity1 with @entity49 accompanied with @entity281 . METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with post-traumatic infections in our hospital intensive care center were diagnosed with @entity49 from February 2012 to February 2013. These @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 groups. In group F (18 @entity1 ), the @entity1 were treated with fondaparinux @entity1372 , 2.5 mg, 1/d for 11 d. In group L (18 @entity1 ), the @entity1 were treated with low molecular weight heparin, 4100 U, 1/12 h for 11 d. The incidence of @entity1150 , @entity548 events and @entity881 ( @entity881 ) and mortality of two groups after anticoagulation therapy were analyzed. @entity2002 , D-dimer level and activity of antithrombin III were measured by the coagulation analyzer. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1150 , @entity881 incidence and mortality were not significantly different between the two groups. The rate of @entity548 evens in group F was lower than group L (p < 0.05). Antithrombin III got an upward trend after anticoagulant therapy, in which it was higher in group F than in group L on the 5th d and 11th d (p<0.05). @entity2002 levels were gradually increased, and there was no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05). D-dimer was significantly decreased after anticoagulant therapy for 5 d (p<0.01), and there were significant differences between two groups on the 5th d and 7th d (p<0.05). It showed no significant difference on the 11th d (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Fondaparinux @entity1372 and low molecular weight heparin can effectively improve @entity3459 in @entity1 with @entity281 . Compared with low molecular weight heparin, fondaparinux @entity1372 may reduce the risk of @entity548 events in @entity1 with @entity49 accompanied by @entity281 .

title: Comparison of fondaparinux XXXX and low molecular weight heparin in the treatment of @entity49 secondary to @entity281 .

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effects and side-effects of @entity27408 and low molecular weight heparin in @entity1 with @entity49 accompanied with @entity281 . METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with post-traumatic infections in our hospital intensive care center were diagnosed with @entity49 from February 2012 to February 2013. These @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 groups. In group F (18 @entity1 ), the @entity1 were treated with fondaparinux @entity1372 , 2.5 mg, 1/d for 11 d. In group L (18 @entity1 ), the @entity1 were treated with low molecular weight heparin, 4100 U, 1/12 h for 11 d. The incidence of @entity1150 , @entity548 events and @entity881 ( @entity881 ) and mortality of two groups after anticoagulation therapy were analyzed. @entity2002 , D-dimer level and activity of antithrombin III were measured by the coagulation analyzer. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1150 , @entity881 incidence and mortality were not significantly different between the two groups. The rate of @entity548 evens in group F was lower than group L (p < 0.05). Antithrombin III got an upward trend after anticoagulant therapy, in which it was higher in group F than in group L on the 5th d and 11th d (p<0.05). @entity2002 levels were gradually increased, and there was no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05). D-dimer was significantly decreased after anticoagulant therapy for 5 d (p<0.01), and there were significant differences between two groups on the 5th d and 7th d (p<0.05). It showed no significant difference on the 11th d (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Fondaparinux @entity1372 and low molecular weight heparin can effectively improve @entity3459 in @entity1 with @entity281 . Compared with low molecular weight heparin, fondaparinux @entity1372 may reduce the risk of @entity548 events in @entity1 with @entity49 accompanied by @entity281 .

title: Comparison of fondaparinux @entity1372 and low molecular weight heparin in the treatment of @entity49 secondary to XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['traumatic infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The safety of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) ablation in @entity1 with laminated left ventricular (LV) @entity715 has not been examined. METHODS: @entity1 with laminated LV @entity715 on transthoracic echocardiogram who underwent scar-mediated @entity1165 ablation at two centers from 2010-2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 had failed medical therapy. Acute procedural outcomes, complications, and clinical outcomes at one year were assessed. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (4 @entity63 , 4 @entity296 ) underwent @entity1165 ablation in the presence of laminated intracavitary @entity715 . Six out of 8 (75%) had @entity15262 ( @entity15262 ). The mapping and ablation approach was LV endocardial-only in 3 @entity1 , epicardial-only in 2, combined epicardial-RV endocardial in 2, and combined epicardial-LV endocardial in 1. Major complication ( @entity385 ) occurred in 1 @entity1 9 days post-procedure. There was no procedural mortality. Complete acute procedural success (noninducibility of any @entity1165 after ablation) was achieved in 5 (63%), and partial success (ablation of only clinical @entity1165 ) in an additional 3 (37%). At 1 year, freedom from @entity1165 and survival were achieved in 6 (75%) and 7 (88%) @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Initial data suggest ablation of @entity1165 in the presence of intracavitary @entity715 is feasible, is associated with a similar success rate to historical studies in @entity1 without @entity715 , and has an acceptable risk of complications given the high risk nature of @entity1 with @entity15262 . Further data is needed; however, the presence of a laminated @entity715 should not necessarily preclude ablation in @entity1 who have failed medical therapy for @entity1165 in whom ablation is otherwise indicated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX Ablation in the Presence of Left Ventricular Thrombus: Safety and Efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity15262 :: ('MESH:C566109', 'Disease') :: ['electrical storm', 'ES']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Tachycardia']


abstract: Even before the discovery of @entity1534 as their cause, chronic @entity3621 and @entity10189 were empirically treated with anti-infectious agents. However, it was not until that finding that an antibiotic approach began to be used systematically. The main aim of this article is to review the evolution of @entity1534 therapy from a meta-analytical perspective. Initially, antibiotic monotherapy had a minor efficacy on @entity1534 . Dual therapy including either @entity1535 compounds or proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) and one antibiotic also resulted in insufficient cure rates. @entity1535 -based triple therapy (the first used) and PPI-based triple therapies (combined with two antibiotics, including @entity115 , @entity9110 , or @entity4581 ) have been the most widely recommended. PPI-based regimens are superior to H2-antagonist-based ones. The influence of the type of PPI, the dose and the duration of the treatment will be discussed. Among the factors influencing the efficacy of therapy, resistance to @entity4581 and @entity868 are the most important risk factors for eradication failure. Several rescue therapies can be used. @entity1535 -based quadruple therapy is effective, but the complexity of the regimen and the associated adverse effects limit the compliance. PPI-based triple therapy with @entity115 and @entity800 is at least equally effective and better tolerated.

title: Evolution of XXXX therapy from a meta-analytical perspective.

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity9110 :: ('CHEBI:67135', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroimidazole']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1535 :: ('MESH:D001729', 'Chemical') :: ['bismuth', 'Bismuth']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: Class IA @entity4357 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), which is composed of a 110kDa catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, plays a key role in most insulin dependent cellular responses. To date, five @entity1 regulatory subunit isoforms have been identified, including two 85kDa proteins ( @entity10241 and @entity8569 ), two 55kDa proteins ( @entity53080 and p55alpha), and one 50kDa protein (p50alpha). In the present study, we overexpressed these recombinant proteins, tagged with green fluorescent proteins (GFP), in CHO-IR cells and investigated intracellular localizations in both the presence and the absence of insulin stimulation. Interestingly, in response to insulin, only @entity10241 and @entity8569 redistributed to isolated foci in the cells, while both were present throughout the cytoplasm in quiescent cells. In contrast, @entity53080 s accumulated in the perinuclear region irrespective of insulin stimulation, while p50alpha behaved similarly to control GFP. Immunofluorescent antibodies against endogenous @entity10175 revealed @entity10175 to be co-localized in the @entity10241 foci in response to insulin. As both @entity2690 catalytic subunits were absent from these foci on immunofluorescence study, only @entity10241 and @entity10175 were suggested to form a sequestration complex in response to insulin. To determine the domain responsible for @entity10175 complex formation, we prepared and overexpressed the SH3 domain deletion mutant of @entity10241 in CHO-IR cells. This mutant failed to form foci, suggesting the SH3 domain of regulatory subunits to be responsible for formation of the @entity10241 - @entity10175 sequestration complex. In conclusion, our study revealed the SH3 domain of PI 3-kinase to play a critical role in intracellular localizations, including formation of foci with @entity10175 in response to insulin.

title: SH3 domain of the @entity4357 3-kinase regulatory subunit is responsible for the formation of a sequestration complex with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2690 :: ('3630', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptors and p110alpha']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity10175 :: (3667,Gene) :: ['insulin receptor substrate-1']


abstract: Class IA @entity4357 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), which is composed of a 110kDa catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, plays a key role in most insulin dependent cellular responses. To date, five @entity1 regulatory subunit isoforms have been identified, including two 85kDa proteins ( @entity10241 and @entity8569 ), two 55kDa proteins ( @entity53080 and p55alpha), and one 50kDa protein (p50alpha). In the present study, we overexpressed these recombinant proteins, tagged with green fluorescent proteins (GFP), in CHO-IR cells and investigated intracellular localizations in both the presence and the absence of insulin stimulation. Interestingly, in response to insulin, only @entity10241 and @entity8569 redistributed to isolated foci in the cells, while both were present throughout the cytoplasm in quiescent cells. In contrast, @entity53080 s accumulated in the perinuclear region irrespective of insulin stimulation, while p50alpha behaved similarly to control GFP. Immunofluorescent antibodies against endogenous @entity10175 revealed @entity10175 to be co-localized in the @entity10241 foci in response to insulin. As both @entity2690 catalytic subunits were absent from these foci on immunofluorescence study, only @entity10241 and @entity10175 were suggested to form a sequestration complex in response to insulin. To determine the domain responsible for @entity10175 complex formation, we prepared and overexpressed the SH3 domain deletion mutant of @entity10241 in CHO-IR cells. This mutant failed to form foci, suggesting the SH3 domain of regulatory subunits to be responsible for formation of the @entity10241 - @entity10175 sequestration complex. In conclusion, our study revealed the SH3 domain of PI 3-kinase to play a critical role in intracellular localizations, including formation of foci with @entity10175 in response to insulin.

title: SH3 domain of the XXXX 3-kinase regulatory subunit is responsible for the formation of a sequestration complex with @entity10175 .

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylinositol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Novel prognostic indexes clinically applicable for @entity1 with @entity5 are needed because @entity1486 (PSA) tests occasionally fail to reflect the prognostic outcome. We investigated various clinicopathologic parameters in @entity1 with @entity5 and evaluated the utility of the PSA/prostatic acid phosphatase ( @entity2786 ) ratio as a prognostic index. METHODS: We reviewed 241 @entity1 with @entity5 , who were treated in Niigata Cancer Center Hospital from 1992 to 2004. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses of survival associations, including age, performance status, clinical presentation, disease localization, pathologic findings, and serologic markers, were conducted using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate using the Kaplan-Meier method for all 241 @entity1 was 43.0%. No significant difference was found in the survival rates according to PSA level. However, the 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in @entity1 with a PSA/ @entity2786 ratio of less than 3.0 (P = 0.0022): 24.2% and 48.0% in those with a PSA/ @entity2786 ratio of less than 3.0 and 3.0 or greater, respectively. On multivariate analysis using the proportional hazards model, the statistically significant prognostic factors of overall survival were alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.0413), @entity880 dehydrogenase (P = 0.0409), and the PSA/ @entity2786 ratio (P = 0.0113). CONCLUSIONS: The PSA/ @entity2786 ratio is a valuable prognostic indicator in @entity1 with @entity5 . Although our study found that other laboratory tests also had a prognostic influence, the PSA/ @entity2786 ratio was an essential index implicated in the physiopathology of @entity263 .

title: XXXX /prostatic acid phosphatase ratio is significant prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage IV prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Novel prognostic indexes clinically applicable for @entity1 with @entity5 are needed because @entity1486 (PSA) tests occasionally fail to reflect the prognostic outcome. We investigated various clinicopathologic parameters in @entity1 with @entity5 and evaluated the utility of the PSA/prostatic acid phosphatase ( @entity2786 ) ratio as a prognostic index. METHODS: We reviewed 241 @entity1 with @entity5 , who were treated in Niigata Cancer Center Hospital from 1992 to 2004. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses of survival associations, including age, performance status, clinical presentation, disease localization, pathologic findings, and serologic markers, were conducted using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate using the Kaplan-Meier method for all 241 @entity1 was 43.0%. No significant difference was found in the survival rates according to PSA level. However, the 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in @entity1 with a PSA/ @entity2786 ratio of less than 3.0 (P = 0.0022): 24.2% and 48.0% in those with a PSA/ @entity2786 ratio of less than 3.0 and 3.0 or greater, respectively. On multivariate analysis using the proportional hazards model, the statistically significant prognostic factors of overall survival were alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.0413), @entity880 dehydrogenase (P = 0.0409), and the PSA/ @entity2786 ratio (P = 0.0113). CONCLUSIONS: The PSA/ @entity2786 ratio is a valuable prognostic indicator in @entity1 with @entity5 . Although our study found that other laboratory tests also had a prognostic influence, the PSA/ @entity2786 ratio was an essential index implicated in the physiopathology of @entity263 .

title: @entity1486 /prostatic acid phosphatase ratio is significant prognostic factor in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage IV prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Novel prognostic indexes clinically applicable for @entity1 with @entity5 are needed because @entity1486 (PSA) tests occasionally fail to reflect the prognostic outcome. We investigated various clinicopathologic parameters in @entity1 with @entity5 and evaluated the utility of the PSA/prostatic acid phosphatase ( @entity2786 ) ratio as a prognostic index. METHODS: We reviewed 241 @entity1 with @entity5 , who were treated in Niigata Cancer Center Hospital from 1992 to 2004. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses of survival associations, including age, performance status, clinical presentation, disease localization, pathologic findings, and serologic markers, were conducted using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate using the Kaplan-Meier method for all 241 @entity1 was 43.0%. No significant difference was found in the survival rates according to PSA level. However, the 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in @entity1 with a PSA/ @entity2786 ratio of less than 3.0 (P = 0.0022): 24.2% and 48.0% in those with a PSA/ @entity2786 ratio of less than 3.0 and 3.0 or greater, respectively. On multivariate analysis using the proportional hazards model, the statistically significant prognostic factors of overall survival were alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.0413), @entity880 dehydrogenase (P = 0.0409), and the PSA/ @entity2786 ratio (P = 0.0113). CONCLUSIONS: The PSA/ @entity2786 ratio is a valuable prognostic indicator in @entity1 with @entity5 . Although our study found that other laboratory tests also had a prognostic influence, the PSA/ @entity2786 ratio was an essential index implicated in the physiopathology of @entity263 .

title: @entity1486 /prostatic acid phosphatase ratio is significant prognostic factor in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The present status of 38 couples who had been treated at a clinic for @entity250 3 years previously was determined by a self-report assessment battery. The battery consisted of the Sexual Interaction Inventory, the Locke-Wallace Marriage Inventory, and the Sexual History Form completed at pretreatment, immediately posttreatment, 3 months after treatment, and at 3-year follow-up. An additional Follow-up Questionnaire was completed at the 3-year point only. At 3-year follow-up, analysis of data by diagnostic category indicated that @entity458 for both @entity1 and @entity1 was particularly resistant to sustained behavioral change. @entity1 with erectile difficulty reported significant improvement in their ability to maintain erections during intercourse but not in their ability to achieve erections prior to intercourse. Data from @entity1 with premature ejaculation revealed some immediate significant posttherapy gains, which, with the exception of length of foreplay, were not sustained at 3-year follow-up. For @entity1 with @entity2026 , a significant increase in orgasmic response was reported. Data from @entity1 with situational orgasmic difficulties indicated some success in improving frequency of orgasm through masturbation and through genital caress; however, these changes did not reach statistical significance. Across all diagnostic categories, both @entity1 and @entity1 respondents reported increased satisfaction in their sexual relationship. Satisfaction in the marital relationship showed a more varied response pattern.

title: Clinical follow-up of couples treated for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['global inorgasmia']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual desire dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: CONTEXT: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of voided urine sediment is a sensitive and specific test for the detection of @entity189 . The time required for slide preparation using the conventional cytospin method is lengthy. OBJECTIVE: To present an alternative to the conventional cytospin method. DESIGN: We compared the results of an improved filter monolayer method with published results of the conventional cytospin method. A total of 624 @entity1 with cytology and FISH analyses were followed with cystoscopy and/or bladder biopsy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was performed on 624 cases using fluorescence-labeled probes to the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 3, 7, and 17 and band 9p21; cytology was also performed in all cases. RESULTS: A total of 217 (34.7%) of 624 @entity1 had follow-up bladder biopsies, and 170 of these (78.3%) had @entity189 . The sensitivity for @entity5 detection was higher for FISH than for urine cytology (92.9% [158/ 170] for FISH vs 72.9% [124/170] for urine cytology, P = <5%). The specificity was equivalent for FISH and urine cytology (97.5% [443/454] for FISH vs 92.2% [419/454] for cytology). The sensitivity for FISH was better (92.9% vs 81%), and there was no significant difference in specificity (97.5% vs 96%) between the filter method and the conventional cytospin method. Unlike the conventional cytospin method, the filter method did not require multiple centrifugation and decantation steps or investment in dedicated equipment. CONCLUSIONS: The improved filter method was faster, easier, and less expensive than published results with the conventional cytospin method with better sensitivity and equivalent specificity.

title: Improved filter method for urine sediment detection of XXXX by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: A rare association between primary pulmonary marginal zone @entity1892 ( @entity1074 ), and pulmonary immunoglobulin light chain ( @entity1582 ) @entity2783 is described in a 65-year-old @entity1 suffering from @entity309 ( @entity309 ). All four nodules in the resected upper lobe of the lung had a similar histological appearance. They were composed of small-medium-sized atypical lymphocytes. Centrocyte-like cells had lymphoepithelial lesions. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells clonally expressed B-cell markers, and demonstrated clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene on polymerase chain reaction. Based on these findings the diagnosis of primary @entity1074 was made. In addition, uniform eosinophilic material deposition was identified randomly within the @entity5 . It was Congophilic and exhibited apple-green birefringence on polarizing microscopy, and remained unaffected by @entity19592 digestion. Deposited material was immunoreactive to lambda light chain. It was concluded that this material was @entity1582 amyloid in primary @entity1074 . Plasma cells with mRNA of lambda chain was found infiltrated along the border of @entity527 . Finally, it is speculated that primary @entity1074 developing in an autoimmune setting, @entity309 in the present case, is associated with overproduction and abnormal clearance of immunoglobulin by the @entity5 cells, resulting in @entity5 .

title: @entity527 in primary pulmonary marginal zone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19592 :: ('MESH:D011196', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium permanganate']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'AL amyloidosis within the tumor']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'pulmonary MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']


abstract: A rare association between primary pulmonary marginal zone @entity1892 ( @entity1074 ), and pulmonary immunoglobulin light chain ( @entity1582 ) @entity2783 is described in a 65-year-old @entity1 suffering from @entity309 ( @entity309 ). All four nodules in the resected upper lobe of the lung had a similar histological appearance. They were composed of small-medium-sized atypical lymphocytes. Centrocyte-like cells had lymphoepithelial lesions. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells clonally expressed B-cell markers, and demonstrated clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene on polymerase chain reaction. Based on these findings the diagnosis of primary @entity1074 was made. In addition, uniform eosinophilic material deposition was identified randomly within the @entity5 . It was Congophilic and exhibited apple-green birefringence on polarizing microscopy, and remained unaffected by @entity19592 digestion. Deposited material was immunoreactive to lambda light chain. It was concluded that this material was @entity1582 amyloid in primary @entity1074 . Plasma cells with mRNA of lambda chain was found infiltrated along the border of @entity527 . Finally, it is speculated that primary @entity1074 developing in an autoimmune setting, @entity309 in the present case, is associated with overproduction and abnormal clearance of immunoglobulin by the @entity5 cells, resulting in @entity5 .

title: XXXX in primary pulmonary marginal zone @entity1892 .

answer: @entity527 :: (MESH:D058225,Disease) :: ['Amyloid deposition']


abstract: PROBLEM: @entity1 with elevated blood natural killer (NK) cells may be offered intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment, but there is controversy about the utility of blood NK cell testing. @entity1 @entity2940 (+) NK cells include several subpopulations that include the putatively cytotoxic @entity2940 (+) @entity4071 (+) subset. In @entity19 models of pregnant failure, NKT cells appear to be important. However, a @entity19 model may only be pertinent to a subset of @entity1 , as recurrent pregnancy failure is a heterogenous group. METHOD OF STUDY: An ethics-approved observational study was done to observe the effect of treatment on total blood lymphoid cells, and subsets of @entity2940 (+) blood lymphocytes including @entity2940 (+) CD3(+) NKT cells determined by flow cytometry, and to correlate with pregnancy outcome. Fifteen fertile @entity1 with a history of successful pregnancy and thirty-one @entity1 suffering from repeated implantation failure or recurrent @entity2208 provided serial blood samples during one menstrual cycle or prior to and during treatment. IVIG was administered to the latter group with or without heparin/ @entity117 . RESULTS: Eight of thirty infertile @entity1 presented with high numbers of @entity2940 (+) CD3(+) NKT cells, which declined after treatment with IVIG. The elevated NKT cell group with or without concomitant @entity792 achieved a significantly higher successful pregnancy rate over the course of the study, as compared to @entity1 with average numbers of NKT cells and no evidence of @entity792 (P = 0.018). Elevated NKT levels alone was an independent predictor of success on treatment (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Elevated NKT cells in recurrent @entity393 or implantation failure can be ameliorated with IVIG treatment, and result in successful pregnancy. Assay of NKT cell numbers may identify @entity1 who are more likely to benefit from IVIG therapy and merits further examination in randomized phase II studies.

title: Decline in number of elevated blood CD3(+) XXXX (+) NKT cells in response to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment correlates with successful pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity2940 :: (4684,Gene) :: ['CD56']


abstract: The role of the stress-induced increase in the uptake of @entity2340 in brain in opioid-induced @entity1337 was investigated by modifying the uptake of @entity535 in brain with injections of competing @entity1522 . Blockade of @entity1337 by @entity4857 (200 mg/kg, i.p.) alone, and by @entity4857 and @entity669 (100 mg/kg, i.p.), but not by @entity4857 and @entity2340 (100 mg/kg, i.p.), was taken to indicate that an increase in the uptake of @entity2340 in brain was involved in opioid-induced @entity1337 . @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 exhibited by @entity35 that were habituated to the laboratory and not restrained did not involve an increase in the uptake of @entity2340 in brain. However, a mild form of restraint, or exposure to a novel environment interacted with @entity1286 to induce @entity1337 which involved an increase in the uptake of @entity2340 in brain. These stressors did not affect sensitivity to @entity158 in the absence of @entity1286 . @entity1337 induced by 3 hr of restraint, which was preventable by @entity836 (1 mg/kg, s.c.) but not reversible by @entity1510 (1 mg/kg, s.c.), also involved an increase in the uptake of @entity2340 in brain. It is concluded that the endogenous opioid-induced @entity1337 that is induced by stress alone and @entity1337 induced by stress interacting with @entity1286 , both depend on an increase in the uptake of @entity2340 into the brain.

title: An increase in XXXX in brain may be a general mechanism for the effect of stress on sensitivity to @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: The role of the stress-induced increase in the uptake of @entity2340 in brain in opioid-induced @entity1337 was investigated by modifying the uptake of @entity535 in brain with injections of competing @entity1522 . Blockade of @entity1337 by @entity4857 (200 mg/kg, i.p.) alone, and by @entity4857 and @entity669 (100 mg/kg, i.p.), but not by @entity4857 and @entity2340 (100 mg/kg, i.p.), was taken to indicate that an increase in the uptake of @entity2340 in brain was involved in opioid-induced @entity1337 . @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 exhibited by @entity35 that were habituated to the laboratory and not restrained did not involve an increase in the uptake of @entity2340 in brain. However, a mild form of restraint, or exposure to a novel environment interacted with @entity1286 to induce @entity1337 which involved an increase in the uptake of @entity2340 in brain. These stressors did not affect sensitivity to @entity158 in the absence of @entity1286 . @entity1337 induced by 3 hr of restraint, which was preventable by @entity836 (1 mg/kg, s.c.) but not reversible by @entity1510 (1 mg/kg, s.c.), also involved an increase in the uptake of @entity2340 in brain. It is concluded that the endogenous opioid-induced @entity1337 that is induced by stress alone and @entity1337 induced by stress interacting with @entity1286 , both depend on an increase in the uptake of @entity2340 into the brain.

title: An increase in @entity2340 in brain may be a general mechanism for the effect of stress on sensitivity to XXXX .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Prior work on @entity146 has cited @entity23 as a risk factor. The concept of @entity23 , however, fails to address the potential role of negative affect in such behaviors. The UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale addresses this weakness by dividing @entity23 into four subscales: Urgency, Sensation Seeking, (lack of) Premeditation, and (lack of) Perseverance. We predicted that urgency, defined as the tendency, specifically in the face of negative affect, to act quickly and without planning, would predict elevations on three @entity146 --excessive reassurance seeking, drinking to cope, and bulimic symptoms as measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory--in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in an undergraduate sample (N=70). @entity1 were assessed at two time points, 3-4 weeks apart. Urgency significantly predicted all three outcome variables cross-sectionally at both Time 1 and Time 2. Time 1 urgency significantly predicted Time 2 excessive reassurance seeking. Changes in urgency from Time 1 to Time 2 predicted changes in all three outcome variables. Results indicate a clear cross-sectional relationship between urgency and certain @entity146 . Additionally, some form of longitudinal relationship may exist between these variables, although the use of residual change scores precluded distinction between true change and change due to error.

title: The role of urgency in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['maladaptive behaviors']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['maladaptive behaviors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The treatment of long gap @entity1152 remains a major surgical challenge. The authors describe a modification of a lengthening technique based on tissue expansion to avoid sutures cutting through the esophagus. METHODS: Between January 2004 and August 2006, 4 @entity1 did not respond to stretching, and underwent this modified esophageal lengthening technique using silastic tubes. RESULTS AND FOLLOW-UP: All @entity1 recovered and have an intact esophagus. All @entity1 developed @entity354 . Thal antireflux procedure was performed in the first @entity1 . The other 3 @entity1 were managed conservatively. Follow-up ranged between 6 and 34 months. CONCLUSIONS: The tissue expansion principle can be successfully applied in the esophagus through external traction. Silastic tube fixation at esophageal ends may help to apply even traction and avoid sutures cutting through the esophageal tissue.

title: Long gap XXXX : lengthening technique and primary anastomosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: The sequential, quantitative histological analysis of adult Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum feeding sites on @entity95 showed that the cellular reactions at tick feeding sites change in character and magnitude with time after attachment, and differ considerably from primary @entity277 to tertiary @entity277 . Neutrophils (62-68%) followed by mononuclear cells (22-24%) were the major component of the cellular infiltrate throughout primary @entity277 . Eosinophils accounted for 10% of the cellular infiltrate at 24 h after attachment. Their proportions declined thereafter, forming 9% of the infiltrate at 72 h and 5% at 144 h. Basophil infiltration in most of the feeding lesions was noticed by 24 h, but always in low numbers. Despite a slight increase in absolute numbers the proportion of basophils fell from 3% at 24 h to 2% at 144 h. In contrast to primary @entity277 the cellular reactions on tertiary @entity277 were characterized by a significant increase in the numbers of basophils and eosinophils and marked degranulation of mast cells and basophils as early as 24 h after attachment. As the feeding advanced there was an increase in the mean proportions of basophils from 4% to 9% and mononuclear cells from 22% to 38%, and a decrease in the proportion of eosinophils from 21% to 9%. However, neutrophils (42-53%) remained the major component of the cellular infiltrate. There was no significant difference in the nature and sequence of cellular events in the feeding sites of male and female ticks, although the lesions produced by feeding males were 5-10 fold smaller than those of females. Mast cells, basophils and eosinophils appeared to be the major host cells involved in the resistance response, manifested by protracted feeding, reduced engorgement weight and poor egg laying. The mechanisms by which these cells might interact to mediate resistance are suggested and discussed.

title: Differential cellular responses at Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum feeding sites on susceptible and tick-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestations', 'infestation']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Small-colony variants (SCVs) of @entity794 are a slow-growing subpopulation whose phenotypes can include resistance to @entity581 , defects in electron transport, and enhanced persistence in @entity1 cells. Here we show that a subset of mutants selected as SCVs by reduced susceptibility to @entity581 are resistant to the antibiotic @entity12119 (FA) and conversely that a subset of mutants selected for resistance to FA are SCVs. Mutation analysis reveals different genetic classes of FA-resistant SCVs. One class, FusA-SCVs, have @entity535 substitution mutations in the ribosomal translocase EF-G different from those found in classic FusA mutants. Most of these mutations are located in structural domain V of EF-G, but some are in domain I or III. FusA-SCVs are auxotrophic for hemin. A second class of FA-resistant SCVs carry mutations in rplF, coding for ribosomal protein L6, and are designated as FusE mutants. FusE mutants fall into two phenotypic groups: one auxotrophic for hemin and the other auxotrophic for @entity8197 . Accordingly, we have identified new genetic and phenotypic classes of FA-resistant mutants and clarified the genetic basis of a subset of @entity794 @entity6723 mutants. A clinical implication of these data is that FA resistance could be selected by antimicrobial agents other than FA.

title: Genetic and phenotypic identification of @entity12119 -resistant mutants with the small-colony-variant phenotype in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['menadione']

entities_list: @entity12119 :: ('MESH:D005672', 'Chemical') :: ['fusidic acid']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: Small-colony variants (SCVs) of @entity794 are a slow-growing subpopulation whose phenotypes can include resistance to @entity581 , defects in electron transport, and enhanced persistence in @entity1 cells. Here we show that a subset of mutants selected as SCVs by reduced susceptibility to @entity581 are resistant to the antibiotic @entity12119 (FA) and conversely that a subset of mutants selected for resistance to FA are SCVs. Mutation analysis reveals different genetic classes of FA-resistant SCVs. One class, FusA-SCVs, have @entity535 substitution mutations in the ribosomal translocase EF-G different from those found in classic FusA mutants. Most of these mutations are located in structural domain V of EF-G, but some are in domain I or III. FusA-SCVs are auxotrophic for hemin. A second class of FA-resistant SCVs carry mutations in rplF, coding for ribosomal protein L6, and are designated as FusE mutants. FusE mutants fall into two phenotypic groups: one auxotrophic for hemin and the other auxotrophic for @entity8197 . Accordingly, we have identified new genetic and phenotypic classes of FA-resistant mutants and clarified the genetic basis of a subset of @entity794 @entity6723 mutants. A clinical implication of these data is that FA resistance could be selected by antimicrobial agents other than FA.

title: Genetic and phenotypic identification of XXXX -resistant mutants with the small-colony-variant phenotype in @entity794 .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity12119 :: (MESH:D005672,Chemical) :: ['fusidic acid']


abstract: Glycosphingolipids are controlled by the spatial organization of their metabolism and by transport specificity. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we localize to the Golgi stack the glycosyltransferases that produce @entity19831 (GlcCer), @entity18530 ( @entity18531 ), and GM3. GlcCer is synthesized on the cytosolic side and must translocate across to the Golgi lumen for LacCer synthesis. However, only very little natural GlcCer translocates across the Golgi in vitro. As GlcCer reaches the cell surface when Golgi vesicular trafficking is inhibited, it must translocate across a post-Golgi membrane. @entity11860 , a vacuolar proton pump inhibitor, blocks translocation independently of multidrug transporters that are known to translocate short-chain GlcCer. @entity11860 did not reduce LacCer and GM3 synthesis. Thus, GlcCer destined for glycolipid synthesis follows a different pathway and transports back into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the late Golgi protein @entity70807 . @entity70807 knockdown strongly reduces GM3 synthesis. Overall, we show that newly synthesized GlcCer enters two pathways: one toward the noncytosolic surface of a post-Golgi membrane and one via the ER toward the Golgi lumen LacCer synthase.

title: Pre- and post-Golgi translocation of XXXX in glycosphingolipid synthesis.

entities_list: @entity18530 :: ('MESH:C009744', 'Chemical') :: ['lactosylceramide']

entities_list: @entity19831 :: ('CHEBI:36500', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosylceramide']

entities_list: @entity11860 :: ('CHEBI:73195', 'Chemical') :: ['Concanamycin']

answer: @entity19831 :: (CHEBI:36500,Chemical) :: ['glucosylceramide']