abstract: We would like to report a rare case of pontine @entity11 with unusual neuroimaging features. The @entity1 was a 3-year-old @entity1 who suffered from chronic @entity390 and gait disturbance for several months. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated @entity2554 , and ventricular peritoneal (VP) shunt was performed for idiopathic @entity1276 at another hospital. Fever of unknown origin continued for a month after the VP shunt. At our hospital, cerebrospinal fluid examination showed @entity4008 , and it was assumed that shunt infection lead to shunt failure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed @entity1276 and pontine swelling, and serial MRI suggested @entity5 extending to the bilateral thalamus. The @entity1 underwent stereotactic biopsy of the left @entity5 , under general anesthesia, and the histological diagnosis was @entity816 . Diffuse pontine @entity11 rarely increases without @entity129 . In the present case, pontine @entity11 extended to the bilateral thalamus symmetrically. It was difficult to diagnose the presented lesion as pontine @entity11 in the early period because of its unusual neuroimaging.

title: [A case of pontine XXXX with unusual neuroimaging features].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic tumor', 'brainstem tumor']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity161 have an increased risk of suicide and attempted suicide is suggested to be an important risk factor. AIM: Our objective was to assess the cumulative survival, predictive values and odds ratios of attempted suicide for suicide in a long-term cohort of @entity1 with @entity161 spectrum @entity716 with and without previous attempted suicide. METHOD: Inpatients (n=224) hospitalized with @entity161 spectrum @entity716 were followed for a mean of 25 years. All @entity1 were followed up for causes of @entity204 . Information on suicide attempt before the end of the observation period was retrieved from medical records. RESULTS: Eight percent died by suicide during the follow-up. Eighteen percent of suicide attempters died by suicide. Two percent of non-attempters died by suicide. There was a strong association between previous suicide attempt and suicide in @entity1 and @entity1 . Odds ratio for attempters vs. non-attempters was 10. Suicide risk was almost three times higher in male than female suicide attempters. CONCLUSION: Previous attempted suicide is an important risk factor for suicide in both @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity161 spectrum @entity716 , particularly in male suicide attempters. The suicide risk remains high over a long period. Continuous assessment of risk factors and appropriate treatment are crucial for this @entity1 group to prevent suicide.

title: Attempted suicide predicts suicide risk in XXXX spectrum @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity161 have an increased risk of suicide and attempted suicide is suggested to be an important risk factor. AIM: Our objective was to assess the cumulative survival, predictive values and odds ratios of attempted suicide for suicide in a long-term cohort of @entity1 with @entity161 spectrum @entity716 with and without previous attempted suicide. METHOD: Inpatients (n=224) hospitalized with @entity161 spectrum @entity716 were followed for a mean of 25 years. All @entity1 were followed up for causes of @entity204 . Information on suicide attempt before the end of the observation period was retrieved from medical records. RESULTS: Eight percent died by suicide during the follow-up. Eighteen percent of suicide attempters died by suicide. Two percent of non-attempters died by suicide. There was a strong association between previous suicide attempt and suicide in @entity1 and @entity1 . Odds ratio for attempters vs. non-attempters was 10. Suicide risk was almost three times higher in male than female suicide attempters. CONCLUSION: Previous attempted suicide is an important risk factor for suicide in both @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity161 spectrum @entity716 , particularly in male suicide attempters. The suicide risk remains high over a long period. Continuous assessment of risk factors and appropriate treatment are crucial for this @entity1 group to prevent suicide.

title: Attempted suicide predicts suicide risk in @entity161 spectrum XXXX .

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 is a chronic inflammatory condition, and elevated @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) have widely recognized associations with inflammatory conditions. The authors explored the relationship between the @entity1503 and degree of @entity28 , basic anthropometry, and clinical and biochemical markers of the @entity209 at baseline, and with @entity353 following @entity3813 -Band surgery. METHODS: 477 @entity1 with complete biochemical and clinical data at baseline and at 2 years were selected for analysis. Paired analysis assessed the change in @entity1503 at 2 years, and stepwise linear regression assessed factors independently associated with baseline counts and any change at 2 years. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD @entity353 at 2 years was 29.3 +/- 16.2 kg. There were significant decreases in total @entity1503 (-12.2%), and major components, neutrophils (11.7%) and lymphocytes (6.9%), at 2 years (P<0.001 for all). Baseline @entity1503 , neutrophils and lymphocyte counts increased with increasing BMI and decreased with age. @entity2690 levels were independently positively associated with higher neutrophil counts and @entity1674 with higher lymphocyte counts. Age, gender, BMI and components of the @entity209 when modeled together accounted for <10% of the variance of baseline counts. Higher BMI predicted a greater fall in the neutrophil counts at 2 years. Change in BMI at 2 years was the only independent predictor of the change in both neutrophils and lymphocytes, but accounted for <10% of the variance of change. CONCLUSION: BMI contributes to both baseline and @entity353 @entity1503 . However, crude @entity1503 counts are influenced in minor ways by @entity28 markers and have limited value as clinical markers.

title: @entity28 and the white blood cell count: changes with sustained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['white blood cell counts', 'WBC']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 is a chronic inflammatory condition, and elevated @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) have widely recognized associations with inflammatory conditions. The authors explored the relationship between the @entity1503 and degree of @entity28 , basic anthropometry, and clinical and biochemical markers of the @entity209 at baseline, and with @entity353 following @entity3813 -Band surgery. METHODS: 477 @entity1 with complete biochemical and clinical data at baseline and at 2 years were selected for analysis. Paired analysis assessed the change in @entity1503 at 2 years, and stepwise linear regression assessed factors independently associated with baseline counts and any change at 2 years. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD @entity353 at 2 years was 29.3 +/- 16.2 kg. There were significant decreases in total @entity1503 (-12.2%), and major components, neutrophils (11.7%) and lymphocytes (6.9%), at 2 years (P<0.001 for all). Baseline @entity1503 , neutrophils and lymphocyte counts increased with increasing BMI and decreased with age. @entity2690 levels were independently positively associated with higher neutrophil counts and @entity1674 with higher lymphocyte counts. Age, gender, BMI and components of the @entity209 when modeled together accounted for <10% of the variance of baseline counts. Higher BMI predicted a greater fall in the neutrophil counts at 2 years. Change in BMI at 2 years was the only independent predictor of the change in both neutrophils and lymphocytes, but accounted for <10% of the variance of change. CONCLUSION: BMI contributes to both baseline and @entity353 @entity1503 . However, crude @entity1503 counts are influenced in minor ways by @entity28 markers and have limited value as clinical markers.

title: XXXX and the white blood cell count: changes with sustained @entity353 .

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fecal calprotectin test is a simple, non-invasive, rapid and inexpensive diagnostic tool allowing differentiation @entity2383 and inflammatory conditions and relapse prediction in non-specific @entity29 . In the last year, commercially available ELISA diagnostic kits, using either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against a heterodimeric complex, calprotectin, for the detection of fecal calprotectin, started to be marketed. OBJECTIVE: To compare two ELISA kits for the detection of fecal calprotectin differing from each other in the used type of antibody (monoclonal versus polyclonal). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two ELISA kits were assessed: Calprotectin ELISA (B  hlmann, Basel, Switzerland) using a monoclonal antibody against calprotectin and PhiCal Calprotectin ELISA (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany) using a polyclonal antibody against calprotectin. We analyzed fecal eluates from @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 , n=36) and @entity31 ( @entity31 , n=29) and from healthy controls (n=98). Data were analyzed using software Statistica CZ 8.0 (Statsoft, Tulsa, U.S.A.) and measurement variability parameters (linearity, repeatability, stability) and test sensitivity and specificity were established and the methods were compared. RESULTS: The two kits showed adequate accuracy (intra- and inter-assay variation < 10%). The dilution linearity test indicated superiority of the Calprotectin ELISA B  hlmann kit, in particular for high calprotectin levels. The results of the two methods showed good correlation: Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.83, limit difference according to Bland-Altman plot ranged from 17% to 30%. Diagnostic sensivity rates were 79% for the Calprotectin ELISA B  hlmann kit and 74% for the Calprotectin ELISA R-Biopharm kit, the test specificity rates were 87% and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both of the tested kits have comparably good measurement parameters, the B  hlmann kit using monoclonal antibody against calprotectin showed higher sensitivity and specificity. In view of their availability, sensitivity and performance, the fecal calprotectin ELISA kits are helpful diagnostic tools for clinical practice.

title: [Calprotectin levels in @entity1 with XXXX comparison of two commercial tests].

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'ulcerous colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['between GIT functional disorders']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fecal calprotectin test is a simple, non-invasive, rapid and inexpensive diagnostic tool allowing differentiation @entity2383 and inflammatory conditions and relapse prediction in non-specific @entity29 . In the last year, commercially available ELISA diagnostic kits, using either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against a heterodimeric complex, calprotectin, for the detection of fecal calprotectin, started to be marketed. OBJECTIVE: To compare two ELISA kits for the detection of fecal calprotectin differing from each other in the used type of antibody (monoclonal versus polyclonal). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two ELISA kits were assessed: Calprotectin ELISA (B  hlmann, Basel, Switzerland) using a monoclonal antibody against calprotectin and PhiCal Calprotectin ELISA (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany) using a polyclonal antibody against calprotectin. We analyzed fecal eluates from @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 , n=36) and @entity31 ( @entity31 , n=29) and from healthy controls (n=98). Data were analyzed using software Statistica CZ 8.0 (Statsoft, Tulsa, U.S.A.) and measurement variability parameters (linearity, repeatability, stability) and test sensitivity and specificity were established and the methods were compared. RESULTS: The two kits showed adequate accuracy (intra- and inter-assay variation < 10%). The dilution linearity test indicated superiority of the Calprotectin ELISA B  hlmann kit, in particular for high calprotectin levels. The results of the two methods showed good correlation: Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.83, limit difference according to Bland-Altman plot ranged from 17% to 30%. Diagnostic sensivity rates were 79% for the Calprotectin ELISA B  hlmann kit and 74% for the Calprotectin ELISA R-Biopharm kit, the test specificity rates were 87% and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both of the tested kits have comparably good measurement parameters, the B  hlmann kit using monoclonal antibody against calprotectin showed higher sensitivity and specificity. In view of their availability, sensitivity and performance, the fecal calprotectin ELISA kits are helpful diagnostic tools for clinical practice.

title: [Calprotectin levels in XXXX with @entity29 comparison of two commercial tests].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the co-occurrence of @entity731 in CT angiograms of extra and intracranial arteries in @entity1 with cerebral circulation insufficiency. MATERIAL/METHODS: Extra-and intracranial CTA was performed in 70 @entity1 with symptoms of cerebral circulation insufficiency. Co-occurrence of @entity731 at both levels and correlation between the degree of @entity731 and sex, age, and clinical symptoms were evaluated. Intracranial CTA results were compared to those of the control group, which consisted of 34 subjects asymptomatic of cerebral circulation insufficiency. The usefulness of various data reconstruction techniques ( @entity11542 and MPR vs. @entity11542 only) for the evaluation of @entity932 was subjected to independent analysis by two radiologists. RESULTS: Concomitant occurrence of extra-and intracranial lesions was diagnosed in 56% of @entity1 examined. A statistically significant correlation was found between the degree of @entity850 at both levels under consideration (chi2=81.452; p<0.00001; contingency coefficient CC=0.733). A significant correlation was found between the development of clinical symptoms and the severity of extra and @entity932 . The consistency between % representation of CTA-detected @entity543 , as independently analyzed by two radiologists, was higher in combined @entity11542 _MPR than in @entity11542 only (correlation coefficient R=0.9924, p<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a statistically significant correlation found between extra-and @entity7244 in @entity1 with symptoms of cerebral circulation insufficiency indicating that cervical and @entity1779 tend to occur concomitantly. Combination of @entity11542 _ MPR seemed the optimum CTA post-processing technique when evaluating the intracranial arteries.

title: Cerebral circulation insufficiency - correlation of CTA-visualized XXXX in extra- and intracranial arteries.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']


abstract: Spontaneous and radiation-induced @entity74 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from unselected @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n=50) was examined using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay and a modified G2 @entity4523 ( @entity4523 ) test. Cells from apparently healthy donors (n=16) and from @entity5 @entity1 (n=9) with an adverse early skin reaction to radiotherapy (RT) served as references. Nonirradiated cells from the three tested groups exhibited similar baseline levels of DNA fragmentation assessed by the Comet assay. Likewise, the Comet analysis of in vitro irradiated (5 Gy) cells did not reveal any significant differences among the three groups with respect to the initial and residual DNA fragmentation, as well as the DNA repair kinetics. The G2 @entity4523 test showed that cells from @entity5 @entity1 with an adverse skin reaction to RT displayed increased frequencies of both spontaneous and radiation-induced @entity4523 compared to healthy control or the group of unselected @entity0 @entity1 . Two @entity1 from the latter group developed an increased early skin reaction to RT, which was associated with an increased initial DNA fragmentation in vitro only in one of them. Cells from the other @entity0 @entity1 exhibited a striking slope in the dose-response curve detected by the G2 @entity4523 test. We also found that previous RT strongly increased both spontaneous and in vitro radiation-induced @entity4523 levels, and to a lesser extent, the radiation-induced DNA damage assessed by the Comet assay. These data suggest that clinical radiation may provoke @entity74 and/or induce persistent DNA damage in normal cells of @entity5 @entity1 , thus leading to increased levels of @entity4523 induction and DNA fragmentation after irradiation in vitro. Therefore, care has to be taken when blood samples collected postradiotherapeutically are used to assess the radiosensitivity of @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Radiosensitivity in @entity0 assessed by the Comet and XXXX assays.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4523 :: ('MESH:D048629', 'Disease') :: ['MN', 'micronucleus']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic instability']

answer: @entity4523 :: (MESH:D048629,Disease) :: ['micronucleus']


abstract: Spontaneous and radiation-induced @entity74 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from unselected @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n=50) was examined using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay and a modified G2 @entity4523 ( @entity4523 ) test. Cells from apparently healthy donors (n=16) and from @entity5 @entity1 (n=9) with an adverse early skin reaction to radiotherapy (RT) served as references. Nonirradiated cells from the three tested groups exhibited similar baseline levels of DNA fragmentation assessed by the Comet assay. Likewise, the Comet analysis of in vitro irradiated (5 Gy) cells did not reveal any significant differences among the three groups with respect to the initial and residual DNA fragmentation, as well as the DNA repair kinetics. The G2 @entity4523 test showed that cells from @entity5 @entity1 with an adverse skin reaction to RT displayed increased frequencies of both spontaneous and radiation-induced @entity4523 compared to healthy control or the group of unselected @entity0 @entity1 . Two @entity1 from the latter group developed an increased early skin reaction to RT, which was associated with an increased initial DNA fragmentation in vitro only in one of them. Cells from the other @entity0 @entity1 exhibited a striking slope in the dose-response curve detected by the G2 @entity4523 test. We also found that previous RT strongly increased both spontaneous and in vitro radiation-induced @entity4523 levels, and to a lesser extent, the radiation-induced DNA damage assessed by the Comet assay. These data suggest that clinical radiation may provoke @entity74 and/or induce persistent DNA damage in normal cells of @entity5 @entity1 , thus leading to increased levels of @entity4523 induction and DNA fragmentation after irradiation in vitro. Therefore, care has to be taken when blood samples collected postradiotherapeutically are used to assess the radiosensitivity of @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Radiosensitivity in XXXX assessed by the Comet and @entity4523 assays.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10592 ( @entity10592 ) is an important infection-related complication, whose mode of transmission remains uncertain. METHODS: We investigated a nosocomial cluster of 14 @entity10592 cases (11 confirmed and 3 probable) in kidney transplant recipients using epidemiological and genotyping methods. RESULTS: Poisson regression calculated an incidence density ratio of 42.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.1-129.3) versus background 0.64 cases of 1000 @entity1 -years (P<0.001). All @entity1 presented with @entity1576 , 10 required ventilation, two died, and six transplants failed, costing  31,854 (  SD  26,048) per @entity1 . Four-locus multilocus sequence typing analysis using DNA extracts from 11 confirmed cases identified two closely related genotypes, with 9 of 11 sharing an identical composite multilocus sequence typing genotype. Contact tracing found colocalization of cases within clinic waiting areas, suggesting @entity1 -to- @entity1 transmission. Minimal and maximal @entity10592 incubation periods were 124  83 to 172  71 days, respectively. Oropharyngeal washes from outpatient staff and ambient air samples were negative for P. jirovecii DNA. Cohort analysis (14 cases vs. 324 unaffected clinic control @entity1 ) identified independent risk factors including previous @entity2803 (odds ratio [OR], 65.9; 95% CI, 7.9-550; P<0.001), underlying @entity358 (OR, 10.1; 95% CI, 2.3-45.0; P=0.002), and @entity8 (OR=1.61 per 10 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m, 95% CI, 1.15-2.25, P=0.006). The outbreak was controlled by reintroduction of @entity206 / @entity207 prophylaxis to all potentially exposed clinic @entity1 and its extension to 12 months in recent recipients. CONCLUSIONS: Nosocomial @entity10592 clusters are likely due to interhuman transmission by airborne droplets to susceptible hosts. Prompt recognition and a strategy of early preemptive @entity10592 prophylaxis to all exposed transplant clinic recipients from the third confirmed case are recommended to limit outbreak escalation.

title: Nosocomial XXXX : lessons from a cluster in kidney transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['transplant dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10592 :: ('MESH:D011020', 'Disease') :: ['PJP', 'Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia', 'blanket PJP']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity10592 :: (MESH:D011020,Disease) :: ['Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast to @entity1150 and @entity1151 , @entity49 has not been considered to be a marker of @entity5 . However, actual data regarding the association are very limited. METHODS: We identified all @entity1 in Denmark from 1994 to 2009 with a diagnosis of @entity49 , @entity1150 using population-based health registries. The occurrence of @entity5 in the three venous @entity1031 cohorts was compared with the expected numbers of cases estimated using national incidence rates to compute standardised incidence ratios (SIRs). FINDINGS: We identified a total of 7663 @entity1 with @entity49 , 45,252 with @entity1150 and 24,332 with @entity1151 . In the first year of follow-up, very similar proportions of @entity1 in the three cohorts were diagnosed with @entity5 . The SIR was 2.46 (95% CI, 2.10-2.86) for @entity49 , 2.75 (95% CI, 2.60-2.90) for @entity1150 , and 3.27 (95% CI, 3.03-3.52) for @entity1151 . After one year, the SIRs declined to 1.05 (95% CI, 0.96-1.16), 1.11 (95% CI 1.07-1.16) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.09-1.22), respectively. For all three @entity1 cohorts, particularly strong associations were found for @entity5 of the liver, lung, ovaries and pancreas as well as for @entity1893 . INTERPRETATION: @entity49 , whenever it is seen in the lower limbs, is a preclinical marker of prevalent @entity5 , particularly during the first year after diagnosis.

title: Superficial and @entity1150 , @entity1151 and subsequent risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['occult cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['superficial venous thrombosis', 'Venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'deep venous thrombosis in the legs or pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast to @entity1150 and @entity1151 , @entity49 has not been considered to be a marker of @entity5 . However, actual data regarding the association are very limited. METHODS: We identified all @entity1 in Denmark from 1994 to 2009 with a diagnosis of @entity49 , @entity1150 using population-based health registries. The occurrence of @entity5 in the three venous @entity1031 cohorts was compared with the expected numbers of cases estimated using national incidence rates to compute standardised incidence ratios (SIRs). FINDINGS: We identified a total of 7663 @entity1 with @entity49 , 45,252 with @entity1150 and 24,332 with @entity1151 . In the first year of follow-up, very similar proportions of @entity1 in the three cohorts were diagnosed with @entity5 . The SIR was 2.46 (95% CI, 2.10-2.86) for @entity49 , 2.75 (95% CI, 2.60-2.90) for @entity1150 , and 3.27 (95% CI, 3.03-3.52) for @entity1151 . After one year, the SIRs declined to 1.05 (95% CI, 0.96-1.16), 1.11 (95% CI 1.07-1.16) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.09-1.22), respectively. For all three @entity1 cohorts, particularly strong associations were found for @entity5 of the liver, lung, ovaries and pancreas as well as for @entity1893 . INTERPRETATION: @entity49 , whenever it is seen in the lower limbs, is a preclinical marker of prevalent @entity5 , particularly during the first year after diagnosis.

title: Superficial and @entity1150 , XXXX and subsequent risk of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast to @entity1150 and @entity1151 , @entity49 has not been considered to be a marker of @entity5 . However, actual data regarding the association are very limited. METHODS: We identified all @entity1 in Denmark from 1994 to 2009 with a diagnosis of @entity49 , @entity1150 using population-based health registries. The occurrence of @entity5 in the three venous @entity1031 cohorts was compared with the expected numbers of cases estimated using national incidence rates to compute standardised incidence ratios (SIRs). FINDINGS: We identified a total of 7663 @entity1 with @entity49 , 45,252 with @entity1150 and 24,332 with @entity1151 . In the first year of follow-up, very similar proportions of @entity1 in the three cohorts were diagnosed with @entity5 . The SIR was 2.46 (95% CI, 2.10-2.86) for @entity49 , 2.75 (95% CI, 2.60-2.90) for @entity1150 , and 3.27 (95% CI, 3.03-3.52) for @entity1151 . After one year, the SIRs declined to 1.05 (95% CI, 0.96-1.16), 1.11 (95% CI 1.07-1.16) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.09-1.22), respectively. For all three @entity1 cohorts, particularly strong associations were found for @entity5 of the liver, lung, ovaries and pancreas as well as for @entity1893 . INTERPRETATION: @entity49 , whenever it is seen in the lower limbs, is a preclinical marker of prevalent @entity5 , particularly during the first year after diagnosis.

title: Superficial and XXXX , @entity1151 and subsequent risk of @entity5 .

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of etanercept treatment in Polish @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). MATERIAL/METHODS: The study involved @entity1 , fulfilling the @entity4932 criteria of the International League of Associations of Rheumatology (ILAR), who were started on etanercept therapy after @entity1499 and other synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) had proven ineffective. @entity1 data were collected in an electronic registry. Disease improvement was assessed based on Giannini's criteria. RESULTS: The statistical analysis involved 188 @entity1 . Significant improvement was observed in all clinical and laboratory parameters after the first month of therapy and was maintained in the following months. ACR Pediatric 30, 50, 70, 90, and 100 improvement was observed in 81.4%, 65.9%, 27.5%, 16.2%, and 15%, respectively, of @entity1 after 3 months and in 94.7%, 88.4%, 62.1%, 34.7%, and 26.3%, respectively, after 24 months of treatment. Throughout the 72-month safety observation period, 1162 adverse events were reported; the exposure-adjusted AE rate was 2.96 per @entity1 per year. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with various subtypes of @entity4932 resistant to conventional DMARD treatment, etanercept resulted in significant and long-lasting improvements in disease activity. Combination treatment with etanercept and a DMARD was well tolerated.

title: Etanercept treatment in XXXX : the Polish registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: This study examined @entity1 with an acute @entity75 illness for evidence of @entity1800 , disordered blood-brain barrier function, intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, and interferon (IFN) production, and related their temporal occurrence to outcome. A prospective study of 22 @entity1 (13 males, 9 females; age range 1mo to 13y, median 2y 4mo), recorded clinical details, with serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis near presentation and then on convalescent specimens taken up to day 39 of the @entity16 . Outcome was assessed with standard scales between 18 months and 3 years after presentation. A history consistent with @entity1800 was given in 17 @entity1 but laboratory evidence of @entity1800 was found in only 7 (7/17). In 18 out of 21 @entity1 , an elevated CSF:serum albumin ratio indicative of impairment of the blood-CSF and blood-brain barriers was detected at some stage of the illness. In 14 of the 15 @entity1 with a raised immunoglobulin G index, and in 12 of the 14 @entity1 where the CSF was positive for oligoclonal bands, this was preceded by, or was observed at the same time as, an abnormal albumin ratio. Sixteen @entity1 (16/18) had elevated @entity3027 levels in serum, or CSF, or in both. We conclude that these findings indicate an initial disruption of the blood-brain barrier followed by intrathecal antibody production by activated lymphocytes, clonally restricted to a few antigens. This is the first in vivo study to show this as an important pathogenetic mechanism of @entity198 in @entity1 . Poor outcome was associated with young age, a deteriorating electroencephalogram pattern from grade 1 to grade 2, and the degree of @entity75 , particularly when prolonged, but not with Glasgow @entity772 Scale score. The persistence of @entity3027 was associated with a good prognosis.

title: Childhood XXXX : viruses, immune response, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['blood-brain barrier impairment', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological illness']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Age is a leading risk factor for the development of @entity299 and failure. However, the efficacy of cardioprotective strategies designed to rescue the aged myocardium remains controversial. We have previously demonstrated increased levels of basal cardiac protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) with ageing, a well-known mediator of apoptotic cell death following ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) in adult hearts. Our objective was to determine the contribution of PKCdelta signaling mechanisms to reperfusion injury in the aged heart using local delivery of a novel PKCdelta inhibitory peptide ( @entity24878 -1). METHODS: Contractile responses were assessed in hearts isolated from adult (4 months, n=38) and aged (24 months, n=45) male Fisher 344 @entity35 treated with either @entity24878 -1 (500 nM) or Tat vehicle peptide (500 nM) upon reperfusion for 10 min following 31-min global ischaemia. RESULTS: Recovery of left ventricular (LV) developed pressure was significantly improved by @entity24878 -1 and associated with smaller @entity1188 size in 24 months vs. age-matched controls (p<0.005). We also observed significant reductions in DNA laddering and cytochrome c and @entity4124 levels in aged hearts treated with @entity24878 -1. Interestingly, @entity24878 -1 attenuated mitochondrial and nuclear PKCdelta levels during reperfusion in aged vs. age-matched controls (p<0.01). Further, increases in mitochondrial phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (pGSK-3beta) levels were hastened in aged and adult hearts following @entity24878 -1 (p<0.05), increasing the pGSK-3beta/ @entity9096 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide novel evidence for cardioprotection through acute PKCdelta inhibition in aged @entity35 heart following I/R. Our results also suggest, for the first time, a key role for mitochondrial @entity9096 as a cellular basis for the protection associated with PKCdelta inhibition with ageing.

title: Acute PKCdelta inhibition limits ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the aged @entity35 heart: role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity9096 :: (84027(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['GSK-3beta']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Age is a leading risk factor for the development of @entity299 and failure. However, the efficacy of cardioprotective strategies designed to rescue the aged myocardium remains controversial. We have previously demonstrated increased levels of basal cardiac protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) with ageing, a well-known mediator of apoptotic cell death following ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) in adult hearts. Our objective was to determine the contribution of PKCdelta signaling mechanisms to reperfusion injury in the aged heart using local delivery of a novel PKCdelta inhibitory peptide ( @entity24878 -1). METHODS: Contractile responses were assessed in hearts isolated from adult (4 months, n=38) and aged (24 months, n=45) male Fisher 344 @entity35 treated with either @entity24878 -1 (500 nM) or Tat vehicle peptide (500 nM) upon reperfusion for 10 min following 31-min global ischaemia. RESULTS: Recovery of left ventricular (LV) developed pressure was significantly improved by @entity24878 -1 and associated with smaller @entity1188 size in 24 months vs. age-matched controls (p<0.005). We also observed significant reductions in DNA laddering and cytochrome c and @entity4124 levels in aged hearts treated with @entity24878 -1. Interestingly, @entity24878 -1 attenuated mitochondrial and nuclear PKCdelta levels during reperfusion in aged vs. age-matched controls (p<0.01). Further, increases in mitochondrial phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (pGSK-3beta) levels were hastened in aged and adult hearts following @entity24878 -1 (p<0.05), increasing the pGSK-3beta/ @entity9096 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide novel evidence for cardioprotection through acute PKCdelta inhibition in aged @entity35 heart following I/R. Our results also suggest, for the first time, a key role for mitochondrial @entity9096 as a cellular basis for the protection associated with PKCdelta inhibition with ageing.

title: Acute PKCdelta inhibition limits ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the aged XXXX heart: role of @entity9096 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is associated with a more severe @entity30 ( @entity30 ) course. However, the effect of light consumption is not known. Our aim was to characterize the effect of a light @entity286 consumption on the course of @entity30 . METHODS: We analyzed the course of @entity30 during the period 1995-2007 from data collected in 2795 consecutive @entity1 in whom smoking habits were recorded. @entity1 were classified as nonsmokers (n = 1420), light smokers (1-10 cigarettes/day; n = 385), heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes/day; n = 638), and intermittent smokers (change in smoking habits; n = 352). @entity1 -years while smoking were compared to @entity1 -years without smoking. The analyses considered @entity1 -years regarding annual disease activity and therapeutic requirements. RESULTS: The percentage of years with active disease was 37% in nonsmokers versus 46% in light smokers (P < 0.001; adjusted hazard ratio 1.30 [1.19-1.43]) and 48% in heavy smokers (P < 0.001; adjusted hazard ratio 1.68 [1.57-1.81]), despite an increased use of immunosuppressants in smokers. Hospitalization rates were also increased in both groups of smokers, with 12% in nonsmokers versus 15% in both groups of smokers (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). The annual rate of intestinal resection was 4.5% in nonsmokers, 5.1% in light smokers, and 5.5% in heavy smokers, with a significant difference observed between nonsmokers and heavy smokers only (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Light smokers are doing worse than nonsmokers regarding disease activity and the need for immunosuppressants. Complete smoking cessation should be advised in all smokers with @entity30 .

title: Effects of light smoking consumption on the clinical course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested a role of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the response to antidepressants. We tested in a proof-of-concept study whether adding @entity7842 (an MR agonist) or @entity1482 (an MR antagonist) accelerates onset of action and improves efficacy of @entity837 in @entity1 with @entity308 . We included 64 in- and outpatients with @entity308 (Hamilton Depression Scale-17 score>18) in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. @entity1 were randomized in a 2:2:1 fashion to @entity7842 (0.2 mg/d, n=24) or @entity1482 (100 mg/d, n=27) or placebo (n=13) for the first 3 weeks during a 5-week treatment with @entity837 . No differences in mean HAMD change scores and in time to response emerged between treatments. However, among the responders, @entity1 treated with @entity7842 responded faster (Breslow test, p=0.05). The mean number of days to response was 16.0+/-2.6 days vs. placebo 22.2+/-2.0 vs. @entity1482 22.6+/-2.3 (F=3.78, p=0.03). In the whole group, plasma @entity701 increased during @entity1482 and decreased during @entity7842 treatment (F=2.4, p=0.04). In @entity1 treated with @entity7842 , non-responders had elevated @entity701 values compared to responders throughout the study period (F=5.1, p=0.04). Stimulation of MR with @entity7842 as adjunct to @entity837 accelerated the response in the group of responders while no effect emerged in the sample as a whole. A larger randomized controlled trial is warranted.

title: Modulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor as add-on treatment in XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Upon @entity1457 , transcription of many stress-inducible genes is rapidly and dramatically stimulated by @entity1457 factor (HSF). A central region of the @entity375 HSF (designated HSFrr for "repression region") was previously identified and proposed to be involved in repressing the activation domain under non-heat-shock conditions. Here, we used the phage display system to isolate proteins that interact with HSFrr. This should identify factors that modulate HSF activity or directly participate in HSF-mediated transcriptional activation. We constructed a randomly sheared @entity375 genomic library to express @entity375 proteins on the surface of @entity5999 . HSFrr binding phages were selected by cycles of affinity chromatography. DNA sequencing identified an HSFrr-interacting phage that contains the @entity70851 gene. The @entity70851 gene encodes the regulatory subunit for a type 1 @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphoprotein phosphatase, @entity9787 . Both @entity70851 and @entity9787 mutations had little effect on HSF activation of gene transcription of two @entity1457 genes, @entity60331 and @entity48352 . In contrast, @entity1457 induction of @entity12091 gene expression was completely abolished in a @entity9787 mutant and reduced in a @entity70851 mutant. The results demonstrate that the @entity9787 phosphatase and its @entity70851 regulatory subunit play positive roles in HSF activation of @entity12091 transcription.

title: Glycogen synthase phosphatase interacts with @entity1457 factor to activate XXXX gene transcription in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity12091 :: (856450(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['CUP1']


abstract: Upon @entity1457 , transcription of many stress-inducible genes is rapidly and dramatically stimulated by @entity1457 factor (HSF). A central region of the @entity375 HSF (designated HSFrr for "repression region") was previously identified and proposed to be involved in repressing the activation domain under non-heat-shock conditions. Here, we used the phage display system to isolate proteins that interact with HSFrr. This should identify factors that modulate HSF activity or directly participate in HSF-mediated transcriptional activation. We constructed a randomly sheared @entity375 genomic library to express @entity375 proteins on the surface of @entity5999 . HSFrr binding phages were selected by cycles of affinity chromatography. DNA sequencing identified an HSFrr-interacting phage that contains the @entity70851 gene. The @entity70851 gene encodes the regulatory subunit for a type 1 @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphoprotein phosphatase, @entity9787 . Both @entity70851 and @entity9787 mutations had little effect on HSF activation of gene transcription of two @entity1457 genes, @entity60331 and @entity48352 . In contrast, @entity1457 induction of @entity12091 gene expression was completely abolished in a @entity9787 mutant and reduced in a @entity70851 mutant. The results demonstrate that the @entity9787 phosphatase and its @entity70851 regulatory subunit play positive roles in HSF activation of @entity12091 transcription.

title: Glycogen synthase phosphatase interacts with @entity1457 factor to activate @entity12091 gene transcription in XXXX .

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: Upon @entity1457 , transcription of many stress-inducible genes is rapidly and dramatically stimulated by @entity1457 factor (HSF). A central region of the @entity375 HSF (designated HSFrr for "repression region") was previously identified and proposed to be involved in repressing the activation domain under non-heat-shock conditions. Here, we used the phage display system to isolate proteins that interact with HSFrr. This should identify factors that modulate HSF activity or directly participate in HSF-mediated transcriptional activation. We constructed a randomly sheared @entity375 genomic library to express @entity375 proteins on the surface of @entity5999 . HSFrr binding phages were selected by cycles of affinity chromatography. DNA sequencing identified an HSFrr-interacting phage that contains the @entity70851 gene. The @entity70851 gene encodes the regulatory subunit for a type 1 @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphoprotein phosphatase, @entity9787 . Both @entity70851 and @entity9787 mutations had little effect on HSF activation of gene transcription of two @entity1457 genes, @entity60331 and @entity48352 . In contrast, @entity1457 induction of @entity12091 gene expression was completely abolished in a @entity9787 mutant and reduced in a @entity70851 mutant. The results demonstrate that the @entity9787 phosphatase and its @entity70851 regulatory subunit play positive roles in HSF activation of @entity12091 transcription.

title: Glycogen synthase phosphatase interacts with XXXX factor to activate @entity12091 gene transcription in @entity375 .

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: PURPOSE: Dupuytren's tissue has typically been described as being composed of myofibroblast-rich palmar nodules and relatively acellular @entity602 . We aimed to determine myofibroblast distribution (alpha-smooth muscle actin [alpha-SMA] positive cells) within Dupuytren's tissue and to correlate histologically defined alpha-SMA-positive nodules with @entity1159 and recurrent disease. METHODS: One hundred and three digital @entity2074 (72 fasciectomy, 31 dermofasciectomy) were stained with anti-alpha-SMA antibody. The presence of alpha-SMA-positive nodules, their surface area, and alpha-SMA-positive cells were quantified throughout excised Dupuytren's tissue. Clinical data on diathesis, @entity85 , and previous surgeries were collected. RESULTS: Cords were nodular (66%) or non-nodular (34%). Nodular cords contained 1 (55%), 2 (33%), or 3 or more nodules (12%) composed of localized collections of cells. The mean total nodule surface area was 23 mm(2) (range, 1.3-105 mm(2)). Nodules contained the highest number of alpha-SMA-positive cells (mean 97%, 2374 cells/mm(2)) compared to peri-nodular areas (mean 32%, 763 cells/mm(2)), and more distant cord (mean 8%, 495 cells/mm(2)). Non-nodular cords contained 9% to 17% alpha-SMA-positive cells (mean 475-663 cells/mm(2)), with higher numbers distally. There was greater @entity1159 in @entity1 with non-nodular cords. Thirty-six of 38 proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint-marked samples had a nodule that co-localized with the PIP joint. Nodule size did not correlate with @entity85 or with primary or recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS: We found that two thirds of digital cords were nodular. Nodules were hypercellular, the majority being alpha-SMA-positive cells. Nodules varied in size and co-localized with the PIP joint. Cord was relatively cellular throughout; a proportion of these cells were alpha-SMA-positive and cells aligned with collagen fibers. Non-nodular cords correlated with significantly greater @entity1159 . We propose that cells in nodular cords contract and deposit extracellular matrix components. The matrix is then remodeled in shortened configuration, and as fixed @entity85 develops, stress shielding eventually leads to myofibroblast apoptosis, and cord becomes less cellular.

title: Myofibroblast distribution in XXXX : correlation with @entity1159 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['tendon-like cords']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ["Dupuytren's cords"]

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['digital contracture', 'digital flexion contracture']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flexion deformity']

answer: @entity2074 :: (MESH:D004387,Disease) :: ['Dupuytren's cords']


abstract: PURPOSE: Dupuytren's tissue has typically been described as being composed of myofibroblast-rich palmar nodules and relatively acellular @entity602 . We aimed to determine myofibroblast distribution (alpha-smooth muscle actin [alpha-SMA] positive cells) within Dupuytren's tissue and to correlate histologically defined alpha-SMA-positive nodules with @entity1159 and recurrent disease. METHODS: One hundred and three digital @entity2074 (72 fasciectomy, 31 dermofasciectomy) were stained with anti-alpha-SMA antibody. The presence of alpha-SMA-positive nodules, their surface area, and alpha-SMA-positive cells were quantified throughout excised Dupuytren's tissue. Clinical data on diathesis, @entity85 , and previous surgeries were collected. RESULTS: Cords were nodular (66%) or non-nodular (34%). Nodular cords contained 1 (55%), 2 (33%), or 3 or more nodules (12%) composed of localized collections of cells. The mean total nodule surface area was 23 mm(2) (range, 1.3-105 mm(2)). Nodules contained the highest number of alpha-SMA-positive cells (mean 97%, 2374 cells/mm(2)) compared to peri-nodular areas (mean 32%, 763 cells/mm(2)), and more distant cord (mean 8%, 495 cells/mm(2)). Non-nodular cords contained 9% to 17% alpha-SMA-positive cells (mean 475-663 cells/mm(2)), with higher numbers distally. There was greater @entity1159 in @entity1 with non-nodular cords. Thirty-six of 38 proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint-marked samples had a nodule that co-localized with the PIP joint. Nodule size did not correlate with @entity85 or with primary or recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS: We found that two thirds of digital cords were nodular. Nodules were hypercellular, the majority being alpha-SMA-positive cells. Nodules varied in size and co-localized with the PIP joint. Cord was relatively cellular throughout; a proportion of these cells were alpha-SMA-positive and cells aligned with collagen fibers. Non-nodular cords correlated with significantly greater @entity1159 . We propose that cells in nodular cords contract and deposit extracellular matrix components. The matrix is then remodeled in shortened configuration, and as fixed @entity85 develops, stress shielding eventually leads to myofibroblast apoptosis, and cord becomes less cellular.

title: Myofibroblast distribution in @entity2074 : correlation with XXXX .

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['digital contracture']


abstract: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) is the most frequently reported organic groundwater contaminant in the United States. It is controversial whether gestational @entity4966 exposure causes @entity4297 . The basis for @entity4966 's proposed cardiac teratogenicity is not well understood. We previously showed that @entity1573 embryos exposed to 8 ppb @entity4966 during cardiac morphogenesis have reduced cardiac output and increased mortality. To further investigate @entity4966 's cardioteratogenic potential, we exposed in ovo @entity1573 embryos to @entity4966 and evaluated the heart thereafter. Significant mortality was observed following @entity4966 exposures of 8-400 ppb during a narrow developmental period (Hamburger-Hamilton [HH] stages 15-20, embryo day ED2.3-3.5) that is characterized by myocardial expansion, secondary heart looping, and endocardial cushion formation. Of the embryos that died, most did so between ED5.5 and ED6.5. Echocardiography of embryos at ED5.5 found that @entity4966 -exposed hearts displayed significant functional and morphological heterogeneity affecting heart rate, left ventricular mass, and wall thickness. Individual embryos were identified with @entity1283 as well as with @entity509 . @entity1573 embryos exposed to 8 ppb @entity4966 at HH17 that survived to hatch exhibited a high incidence (38%, p < 0.01, n = 16) of muscular @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) as detected by echocardiography and confirmed by gross dissection; no @entity1757 were found in controls (n = 14). The @entity4966 -induced @entity1757 may be @entity73 that alter cardiac hemodynamics and subsequent ventricular foramen closure, an interpretation consistent with recent demonstrations that @entity4966 impairs @entity460 handling in cardiomyocytes. These data demonstrate that @entity4966 is a cardiac teratogen for @entity1573 .

title: Altered cardiac function and XXXX in avian embryos exposed to low-dose @entity4965 .

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['secondary to functional impairments']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects', 'VSDs']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) is the most frequently reported organic groundwater contaminant in the United States. It is controversial whether gestational @entity4966 exposure causes @entity4297 . The basis for @entity4966 's proposed cardiac teratogenicity is not well understood. We previously showed that @entity1573 embryos exposed to 8 ppb @entity4966 during cardiac morphogenesis have reduced cardiac output and increased mortality. To further investigate @entity4966 's cardioteratogenic potential, we exposed in ovo @entity1573 embryos to @entity4966 and evaluated the heart thereafter. Significant mortality was observed following @entity4966 exposures of 8-400 ppb during a narrow developmental period (Hamburger-Hamilton [HH] stages 15-20, embryo day ED2.3-3.5) that is characterized by myocardial expansion, secondary heart looping, and endocardial cushion formation. Of the embryos that died, most did so between ED5.5 and ED6.5. Echocardiography of embryos at ED5.5 found that @entity4966 -exposed hearts displayed significant functional and morphological heterogeneity affecting heart rate, left ventricular mass, and wall thickness. Individual embryos were identified with @entity1283 as well as with @entity509 . @entity1573 embryos exposed to 8 ppb @entity4966 at HH17 that survived to hatch exhibited a high incidence (38%, p < 0.01, n = 16) of muscular @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) as detected by echocardiography and confirmed by gross dissection; no @entity1757 were found in controls (n = 14). The @entity4966 -induced @entity1757 may be @entity73 that alter cardiac hemodynamics and subsequent ventricular foramen closure, an interpretation consistent with recent demonstrations that @entity4966 impairs @entity460 handling in cardiomyocytes. These data demonstrate that @entity4966 is a cardiac teratogen for @entity1573 .

title: Altered cardiac function and @entity1757 in avian embryos exposed to low-dose XXXX .

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['trichloroethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to define a correct anesthesiological and surgical approach in @entity1 who present a significant @entity543 with contralateral @entity432 . METHODS: Between 1996 and 1998 in our Department of Vascular Surgery of the Hospital S. Giovanni Battista has been executed 337 Carotid Endoarterectomies (CEA). Of these, 44 @entity1 (13%) had a contralateral internal @entity432 . Forty was male (91%), and 4 female (9%). Echo Doppler, angiography, angioTC or angio-RMN and @entity12705 were performed in all @entity1 . In all cases was executed a traditional CEA. RESULTS: Because of the presence of a large @entity75 or clamping intolerance 12 operation were performed under general anesthesia (27%). Shunt was used in 15 @entity1 (34%) and patch was used in 10 cases (23%). In 2 cases (4.5%) there was be a @entity715 of the operated internal carotid artery and one @entity1 died (2.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of contralateral internal @entity432 with @entity543 > 70% increase the risk of @entity64 because of the difficulty of collateral cerebral blood flow. The execution of echo Doppler, angiography, angioTC or angioRM and @entity12705 and their evaluation permit to choice the best anesthesiological and surgical treatment. The utilization of @entity7908 with thiopental protection and shunting reducing the rate of perioperative @entity64 , but the local anesthesia allows the best monitoring of intraoperative cerebral function. This behaviour was correctly when in @entity1 with contralateral internal @entity432 there is an insufficient intracranic vascularization or an extensive @entity75 or clamping intolerance.

title: Carotid endoarterectomy in the presence of contralateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'peroperative stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic cerebral lesion', 'ischaemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['carotid occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the characteristics of the @entity267 in myopic @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study of 420 eyes in 210 @entity1 who visited the Excimer Laser Surgery Clinic at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University from January 1999 to June 2002 was conducted. All cases that were eligible for myopic refractive surgery were included in the present study. A preoperative ocular examination was done in a fashionable method, including manifest refraction and Orbscan Topography to evaluate corneal thickness, corneal curvature and corneal diameter Statistical analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of the @entity267 in the @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 31.66 +/- 7.77 years. (ranging from 16-51). The mean manifest refraction (spherical equivalent) was -4.9 +/- 2.29 diopters (ranging from -0.50 to -13.75). The mean corneal diameter (white to white) was 11.60 mm +/- 0.37 mm (ranging from 10.8-12.9). The thinnest point of the @entity267 varied from 409 to 597 microns (mean = 522.55) and located mostly in the infero-temporal quadrant of the eye (23.69% in the right and 32.05% in the left). The mean curvature of the corneal was 44.6 +/- 13.8 diopters (ranging from 39.05-47.65). The mean corneal @entity940 was 1.34 +/- 0.71 diopters and 93.96% were with the rule @entity940 . Positive angle kappa was found in 408 eyes (97%) but all cases were within a 0.5 mm horizontal and 0.3 mm vertical radius from the @entity2300 . CONCLUSION: Characteristics of the @entity267 in Thai myopic @entity1 were demonstrated in the present study. Most of the @entity267 showed with the rule @entity940 with positive angle kappa and the thinnest point, located at the infero-temporal quadrant.

title: Corneal characteristics in myopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary axis']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity5229 is defined as that which appears in @entity1 without history of previous pathology that could explain the event. Management includes @entity456 with or without pleurodesis and surgical resection of affected lung tissue with pleurodesis. Thoracoscopic approach has proved to be useful with low morbidity and mortality as well as low recurrence rate. This paper describes the experience with thoracoscopic management of @entity5229 with pulmonary wedge resection of affected tissue, parietal pleurectomy, and @entity456 of remaining parietal and diaphragmatic pleura. Fifty-five @entity1 have been submitted to this approach (24 female, 31 male). Fifty-three @entity1 had past history of at least one previous pneumothorax (second event, n=41; third event, n=9; fourth event or more, n=3). Computed tomography was abnormal in 19 @entity1 . Operative time was 57 minutes (+/-17). There were no transoperative complications. Macroscopic findings were presence of small type I bullae in the lung apex in 48; three more had apical @entity456 . None of the @entity1 presented @entity86 . Chest tubes were removed after 24-48 hours on average. @entity158 control was achieved in 51 @entity1 ; 4 @entity1 presented mild chronic @entity158 for 3-5 months. Median follow-up was 48 months (range 6-72); no recurrence has been observed. @entity5229 can be managed thoracoscopically; management should include wedge resection of affected lung, apical pleurectomy, and @entity456 of remaining parietal and diaphragmatic pleura.

title: Thoracoscopic management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['Primary spontaneous pneumothorax', 'primary spontaneous pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative air leak']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Adequate pain', 'intercostal pain']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural drainage', 'pleural thickening', 'pleural abrasion']

answer: @entity5229 :: (MESH:D011030,Disease) :: ['primary spontaneous pneumothorax']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity571 is the most common @entity102 in the UK, with greater prevalence in @entity1 , older @entity1 , and those with poorer socioeconomic status. Effective treatments are available, yet little is known about the quality of primary care for this disabling condition. AIM: To measure the recorded quality of primary care for @entity571 , and assess variations by @entity1 and/or practice characteristics. DESIGN OF STUDY: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: Eighteen general practices in England. METHOD: Records of 320/393 randomly selected @entity1 with @entity571 (response rate 81%) were reviewed. High-quality health care was specified by nine quality indicators. Logistic regression modelling assessed variations in quality by age, sex, deprivation, severity, time since diagnosis, and practice size. RESULTS: There was substantial variation in the recorded achievement of individual indicators (range 5% to 90%). The percentage of eligible @entity1 whose records show that they received care in the form of information provision ranged from 17% to 30%. For regular assessment indicators the range was 27% to 43%, and for treatment indicators the range was 5% to 90%. Recorded achievement of quality indicators was higher in those with more severe @entity571 (odds ratio [OR] 1.38, 95% CI=1.13 to 1.69) and in older @entity1 (OR 1.14, 95% CI=1.02 to 1.28). There were no significant variations by deprivation score. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated the feasibility of using existing robust quality indicators to measure the quality of primary care for @entity571 , and has found considerable scope for improvement in the recording of high-quality care. The lack of variation between practices suggests that system-level initiatives may be needed to achieve improvement. One challenge will be to improve care for all, without losing the equitable distribution of care identified.

title: Recorded quality of primary care for XXXX : an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: AIM: Extramammary Paget's disease is a rare @entity5 , often associated with a synchronous or metachronous underlying skin or @entity5 . The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the results we got in 5 cases of @entity4261 and to revise what literature have reported about this issue. @entity1 AND METHODS: Five @entity1 with perianal EMPD were consecutively treated in our Division between March 1996 and December 2006. In 3 cases the disease was limited to the epidermidis, in one case with multiple recurrences there was dermal infiltration, and one @entity1 had a low @entity420 with @entity33835 phenomenon. The surgical treatment we performed in all @entity1 was a wide perianal excision, followed by reconstruction with cutaneous grafts; the resection of @entity420 was carried out using the transanal approach. In two cases we performed a temporary stoma with the sigmoid colon to help the wound healing. RESULTS: We didn't record any complication neither postoperative nor at long time. Two @entity1 developed a local recurrence, but none of our @entity1 showed distant metastases. Four @entity1 are alive and free from disease and one, who developed a multiple local recurrences, died for @entity712 . DISCUSSION: The studies available in literature clearly distinguish between a primary EMPD (intraepidermal/intradermal) and secondary disease which is associated with @entity420 and is thought to be a @entity33835 phenomenon, while few informations can derive from those cases in which the disease is associated with an underlying cutaneous @entity189 . Disease tend to relapse even after a radical surgery and can have metastatic spread, also in intraepidermal form. CONCLUSIONS: Perianal EMPD is a complex disease, difficult to recognize and the association with synchronous or @entity5 imposes long term clinical and instrumental follow up.

title: [ XXXX : five cases report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic condition', 'metachronous malignancies', 'visceral malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["perianal Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal adenocarcinomas', 'rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Perianal Paget's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 after vaginal delivery can interfere with the activities of daily living. We hypothesized that epidural medication administered after delivery would be of benefit for acute postpartum @entity158 management. The objective of this study was to assess whether epidural @entity1286 after vaginal delivery would reduce the analgesic requirements for perineal @entity158 . METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 228 parturients who received epidural @entity1286 , 2.5 mg, or epidural saline within 1 h of delivery. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 who received additional analgesics in the first 24 h postpartum. We also evaluated the time to first request for @entity1337 , @entity158 and satisfaction scores, and the incidence of side effects due to epidural @entity1286 . RESULTS: The majority of the 228 @entity1 participating in the study were Caucasian, primiparous @entity1 >30 yr old. The proportion of @entity1 requiring additional analgesics was less among those who received epidural @entity1286 (8 of 113; 7%) compared with saline (37 of 115; 32%), regardless of the degree of perineal @entity130 (RR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.12-0.41). The relative risk reduction in receiving additional analgesics for primiparous @entity1 receiving epidural @entity1286 compared with saline was 0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.49) and for multiparous @entity1 was 0.12 (95% CI: 0.02-0.63). The time to first request for analgesics was later for those who received @entity1286 (mean 22.9 h, 95% CI: 22.2-23.7) compared with saline (mean 18.9 h, 95% CI: 17.4-20.4) (P < 0.0001). The side-effect incidence ( @entity111 , @entity390 and @entity391 , and sedation) was not different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: There was a 78% reduction in analgesic requirements in @entity1 given epidural @entity1286 after vaginal delivery compared with placebo for both primiparous and multiparous @entity1 . @entity1 who receive epidural labor @entity1337 for vaginal deliveries and stay in the hospital for 24 h after delivery may benefit from postpartum administration of epidural @entity1286 .

title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of epidural @entity1286 XXXX after vaginal delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 after vaginal delivery can interfere with the activities of daily living. We hypothesized that epidural medication administered after delivery would be of benefit for acute postpartum @entity158 management. The objective of this study was to assess whether epidural @entity1286 after vaginal delivery would reduce the analgesic requirements for perineal @entity158 . METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 228 parturients who received epidural @entity1286 , 2.5 mg, or epidural saline within 1 h of delivery. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 who received additional analgesics in the first 24 h postpartum. We also evaluated the time to first request for @entity1337 , @entity158 and satisfaction scores, and the incidence of side effects due to epidural @entity1286 . RESULTS: The majority of the 228 @entity1 participating in the study were Caucasian, primiparous @entity1 >30 yr old. The proportion of @entity1 requiring additional analgesics was less among those who received epidural @entity1286 (8 of 113; 7%) compared with saline (37 of 115; 32%), regardless of the degree of perineal @entity130 (RR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.12-0.41). The relative risk reduction in receiving additional analgesics for primiparous @entity1 receiving epidural @entity1286 compared with saline was 0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.49) and for multiparous @entity1 was 0.12 (95% CI: 0.02-0.63). The time to first request for analgesics was later for those who received @entity1286 (mean 22.9 h, 95% CI: 22.2-23.7) compared with saline (mean 18.9 h, 95% CI: 17.4-20.4) (P < 0.0001). The side-effect incidence ( @entity111 , @entity390 and @entity391 , and sedation) was not different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: There was a 78% reduction in analgesic requirements in @entity1 given epidural @entity1286 after vaginal delivery compared with placebo for both primiparous and multiparous @entity1 . @entity1 who receive epidural labor @entity1337 for vaginal deliveries and stay in the hospital for 24 h after delivery may benefit from postpartum administration of epidural @entity1286 .

title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of epidural XXXX @entity1337 after vaginal delivery.

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of @entity5190 800 mg three times a day, @entity486 600 mg twice a day, and a combination of @entity486 400 mg twice a day and @entity485 400 mg twice a day, when administered with two @entity2353 analogues. DESIGN: A randomized, open-labelled, controlled trial. Two hundred and eighty-four @entity1 started randomized treatment. The primary end-point was the proportion of @entity1 with @entity645 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less (Roche Amplicor) and @entity645 RNA of 20 copies/ml or less (Roche ultradirect assay) at 6 months. Analysis was performed as intent-to-treat, and missing values were accounted for as failures. RESULTS: As of 1 May 1998, 269 @entity1 should have completed 24 weeks of treatment. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity645 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less was 71% ( @entity5190 ), 67% ( @entity486 ), and 82% ( @entity486 + @entity485 ), P = 0.07. In antiretroviral drug-naive @entity1 (n = 119), the corresponding figures were 63, 57, and 89% (P < 0.01), whereas among drug-experienced @entity1 (n = 165) 77, 74, and 77% had @entity645 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less (P = 0.90). The same pattern was observed in the ultradirect analysis. All three regimens were generally safe, but significantly more @entity1 in the @entity486 group (37%) stopped treatment because of adverse drug reactions compared with the @entity5190 group (8%) and the @entity486 plus @entity485 group (16%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity485 plus @entity486 in combination with two @entity2353 analogues is generally safe, and has superior short-term antiviral efficacy compared with @entity5190 and @entity486 also combined with two @entity2353 analogues in antiretroviral drug-naive @entity1 . Further follow-up is needed to determine the durability of the viral response.

title: Combination therapy containing XXXX plus @entity485 has superior short-term antiretroviral efficacy: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity5190 :: ('MESH:D019469', 'Chemical') :: ['indinavir']

entities_list: @entity485 :: ('MESH:D019258', 'Chemical') :: ['saquinavir']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

answer: @entity486 :: (MESH:D019438,Chemical) :: ['ritonavir']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of @entity5190 800 mg three times a day, @entity486 600 mg twice a day, and a combination of @entity486 400 mg twice a day and @entity485 400 mg twice a day, when administered with two @entity2353 analogues. DESIGN: A randomized, open-labelled, controlled trial. Two hundred and eighty-four @entity1 started randomized treatment. The primary end-point was the proportion of @entity1 with @entity645 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less (Roche Amplicor) and @entity645 RNA of 20 copies/ml or less (Roche ultradirect assay) at 6 months. Analysis was performed as intent-to-treat, and missing values were accounted for as failures. RESULTS: As of 1 May 1998, 269 @entity1 should have completed 24 weeks of treatment. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity645 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less was 71% ( @entity5190 ), 67% ( @entity486 ), and 82% ( @entity486 + @entity485 ), P = 0.07. In antiretroviral drug-naive @entity1 (n = 119), the corresponding figures were 63, 57, and 89% (P < 0.01), whereas among drug-experienced @entity1 (n = 165) 77, 74, and 77% had @entity645 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less (P = 0.90). The same pattern was observed in the ultradirect analysis. All three regimens were generally safe, but significantly more @entity1 in the @entity486 group (37%) stopped treatment because of adverse drug reactions compared with the @entity5190 group (8%) and the @entity486 plus @entity485 group (16%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity485 plus @entity486 in combination with two @entity2353 analogues is generally safe, and has superior short-term antiviral efficacy compared with @entity5190 and @entity486 also combined with two @entity2353 analogues in antiretroviral drug-naive @entity1 . Further follow-up is needed to determine the durability of the viral response.

title: Combination therapy containing @entity486 plus XXXX has superior short-term antiretroviral efficacy: a randomized trial.

answer: @entity485 :: (MESH:D019258,Chemical) :: ['saquinavir']


abstract: @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ) is a @entity262 that is often associated with an immune-mediated form of @entity631 ( @entity631 ). @entity8 most often manifests as microscopic @entity811 with or without red blood cell or mixed cellular casts, @entity644 , and an elevated serum @entity1011 concentration.We conducted the current study to determine whether persistent @entity811 , in the setting of apparent clinical remission, may reflect @entity8 and not active @entity8 . We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 82 @entity1 with new-onset @entity2883 , of whom 25 had @entity631 at presentation.Twenty of 25 @entity1 with @entity631 achieved sustained remissions (>6 consecutive months' duration). During initial periods of active disease the median peak serum @entity1011 was 1.9 mg/dL (range, 0.6-13.6 mg/dL). The median time to remission was 4 months (range, 2-13 mo). After effective therapy, median @entity1011 was 1.1 mg/dL (range, 0.4-1.8 mg/dL). Ten of 20 @entity1 had prolonged @entity811 over a period of >6 months. Within this subset, 5 subsequently normalized urine over a median period of 11 months and 5 did not achieve normal urine sediment over a median follow-up of 38 months. Thus, 10 of 25 @entity1 with @entity2883 and @entity631 had sustained @entity811 in spite of apparent prolonged clinical remission. @entity1 with @entity2883 and @entity631 may achieve enduring remissions that allow withdrawal of medications in spite of continued microscopic @entity811 with or without red blood cell casts that may persist for months or even years. Continued use of aggressive immunosuppressive therapies in such @entity1 would be ill-advised and could lead to irreversible and even life-threatening side effects from @entity786 or high-dose @entity288 .

title: Persistent XXXX after induction of remission in @entity2883 : a therapeutic dilemma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'Renal disease', 'glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', 'Wegener granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity811 :: (MESH:D006417,Disease) :: ['hematuria']


abstract: @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ) is a @entity262 that is often associated with an immune-mediated form of @entity631 ( @entity631 ). @entity8 most often manifests as microscopic @entity811 with or without red blood cell or mixed cellular casts, @entity644 , and an elevated serum @entity1011 concentration.We conducted the current study to determine whether persistent @entity811 , in the setting of apparent clinical remission, may reflect @entity8 and not active @entity8 . We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 82 @entity1 with new-onset @entity2883 , of whom 25 had @entity631 at presentation.Twenty of 25 @entity1 with @entity631 achieved sustained remissions (>6 consecutive months' duration). During initial periods of active disease the median peak serum @entity1011 was 1.9 mg/dL (range, 0.6-13.6 mg/dL). The median time to remission was 4 months (range, 2-13 mo). After effective therapy, median @entity1011 was 1.1 mg/dL (range, 0.4-1.8 mg/dL). Ten of 20 @entity1 had prolonged @entity811 over a period of >6 months. Within this subset, 5 subsequently normalized urine over a median period of 11 months and 5 did not achieve normal urine sediment over a median follow-up of 38 months. Thus, 10 of 25 @entity1 with @entity2883 and @entity631 had sustained @entity811 in spite of apparent prolonged clinical remission. @entity1 with @entity2883 and @entity631 may achieve enduring remissions that allow withdrawal of medications in spite of continued microscopic @entity811 with or without red blood cell casts that may persist for months or even years. Continued use of aggressive immunosuppressive therapies in such @entity1 would be ill-advised and could lead to irreversible and even life-threatening side effects from @entity786 or high-dose @entity288 .

title: Persistent @entity811 after induction of remission in XXXX : a therapeutic dilemma.

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener granulomatosis']


abstract: Risk of first @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) increases with age. We investigated whether age is related to the risk of recurrent @entity1211 . We followed 694 @entity1 for a mean of 40 months after first unprovoked proximal @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and/or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) and withdrawal of anticoagulants. We excluded @entity1 with natural inhibitor deficiency, @entity4555 , or @entity5 ; @entity1 who required indefinite anticoagulation; pregnant @entity1 ; and @entity1 who had @entity1211 related to female hormone use. The endpoint was symptomatic recurrent @entity1211 . @entity1211 recurred in 152 @entity1 (22%). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of recurrence for a 10-year increase in age was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-1.08; p = 0.4). Compared with @entity1 aged younger than 47 years (1st tercile of @entity1 population) no significant increase in the risk of recurrent @entity1211 was found among @entity1 47-61 years old (2nd tercile) or @entity1 older than 61 years (3rd tercile) ([HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.78-2.01] and [HR, 0.93l; 95% CI, 0.56-1.53], respectively). Compared to @entity1 older than 80 years, the HR of recurrence among @entity1 younger than 50 years was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.11-10.3; p = 0.9). After 5 years, probability of recurrence was 32% (95% CI, 24%-40%) among @entity1 aged less than 47 years; 21% (95% CI, 15%-28%) among @entity1 47-61 years old; and 33% (95% CI, 24%-42%) among @entity1 older than 61 years (p = 0.5).Our results show that in @entity1 with first unprovoked proximal @entity1150 and/or @entity1151 , risk of recurrence is not related to age at first @entity1211 . Regardless of age, these @entity1 have a high risk of recurrence.

title: Age at first XXXX and risk of recurrence: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of time-of-day-specific strength training on @entity2086 and maximal strength in @entity1 . A training group underwent a 10-week preparatory training (wk 0-wk 10) scheduled between 17:00 and 19:00 hours. Thereafter, the subjects were randomized either to a morning or afternoon training group. They continued with a 10-week time-of-day-specific training (wk 11-wk 20) with training times between 07:00 and 09:00 hours and 17:00 and 19:00 hours in the morning group and afternoon groups, respectively. A control group did not train but was tested at all occasions. @entity121 ( @entity121 ) cross-sectional areas (CSA) and volume were obtained by magnetic resonance imaging scan at week 10 and 20. Maximum voluntary isometric strength during unilateral knee extensions and half-squat 1 repetition maximum (1RM) were tested at week 0, 10, and 20 at a randomly given time of day between 09:00 and 16:00 hours. The @entity121 average CSA and volume increased significantly (p < 0.001) in both the morning and afternoon training groups by 2.7% and 3.5%, respectively. The 0.8% difference between the training groups was not significant. The entire 20-week training period resulted in significant increases in maximum voluntary contraction and 1RM of similar magnitude in both training groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) as compared with the control group. In conclusion, 10 weeks of strength training performed either in the morning or in the afternoon resulted in significant increases in @entity121 muscle size. The magnitude of muscular @entity1184 did not statistically differ between the morning and afternoon training times. From a practical point of view, strength training in the morning and afternoon hours can be similarly efficient when aiming for @entity2086 over a shorter period of time (<3 mo).

title: Effect of time-of-day-specific strength training on muscular XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Quadriceps femoris', 'QF']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of time-of-day-specific strength training on @entity2086 and maximal strength in @entity1 . A training group underwent a 10-week preparatory training (wk 0-wk 10) scheduled between 17:00 and 19:00 hours. Thereafter, the subjects were randomized either to a morning or afternoon training group. They continued with a 10-week time-of-day-specific training (wk 11-wk 20) with training times between 07:00 and 09:00 hours and 17:00 and 19:00 hours in the morning group and afternoon groups, respectively. A control group did not train but was tested at all occasions. @entity121 ( @entity121 ) cross-sectional areas (CSA) and volume were obtained by magnetic resonance imaging scan at week 10 and 20. Maximum voluntary isometric strength during unilateral knee extensions and half-squat 1 repetition maximum (1RM) were tested at week 0, 10, and 20 at a randomly given time of day between 09:00 and 16:00 hours. The @entity121 average CSA and volume increased significantly (p < 0.001) in both the morning and afternoon training groups by 2.7% and 3.5%, respectively. The 0.8% difference between the training groups was not significant. The entire 20-week training period resulted in significant increases in maximum voluntary contraction and 1RM of similar magnitude in both training groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) as compared with the control group. In conclusion, 10 weeks of strength training performed either in the morning or in the afternoon resulted in significant increases in @entity121 muscle size. The magnitude of muscular @entity1184 did not statistically differ between the morning and afternoon training times. From a practical point of view, strength training in the morning and afternoon hours can be similarly efficient when aiming for @entity2086 over a shorter period of time (<3 mo).

title: Effect of time-of-day-specific strength training on muscular @entity1184 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity20377 continues to be a perplexing diagnostic and therapeutic problem for most ophthalmologists. However, thorough investigation, both systemic and ocular, can in most cases, establish either an environmental etiology or the nature of the heritable disorder. In cases with @entity262 and @entity20377 , the ophthalmologist should insure that each @entity1 obtains adequate consultation with other specialists in order that proper prophylactic and therapeutic measures are available. The @entity1614 , @entity7611 , and the @entity36640 together account for the majority of @entity3029 . Each of these requires a somewhat different therapeutic approach. @entity726 should be recognized as a frequent complication in each of these conditions but is most serious in the @entity36640 in which it often occurs early in life and remains unrecognized until serious damage has occurred. Because of the pupillary-block nature of the @entity726 in this condition, a prophylactic peripheral iridectomy must be seriously considered in every case while lens surgery should be undertaken if the @entity726 cannot be controlled by medical or surgical means. In @entity7611 , because of the potential vascular complications of general anesthesia, the ophthalmologist is often in a dilemma. The lens in this condition seems to be more mobile than in other @entity20377 and therefore likely to compromise vision earlier in life. However, due to the risk of vascular @entity715 , lens surgery should be delayed whenever possible until the @entity1 is old enough to tolerate local anesthesia. Likewise, @entity1 with the @entity1614 should be handled conservatively and, in general, function quite well simple with spectacle correction. Due to the high frequency of immediate surgical complications, it is advisable to avoid an open-sky technique to lens removal, using aspiration or a pars plana approach instead.

title: Differential diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7611 :: ('MESH:D006712', 'Disease') :: ['homocystinuria']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity36640 :: ('MESH:D056846', 'Disease') :: ['Weill-Marchesani syndrome', 'Weill-Marchesani']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity20377 :: ('MESH:D004479', 'Disease') :: ['ectopia lentis', 'Ectopia lentis', 'ectopia lentis disorders']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocated lenses']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['dislocated lenses']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) has been associated with diminished function of the biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and pronounced circadian sleep-wake cycle disturbances. Few studies have investigated other @entity303 etiologies. Because @entity167 acts on the SCN and modifies circadian rhythms in animal studies, @entity716 ( @entity716 ) may also be associated with circadian @entity854 . This pilot study investigated the rest-activity cycle of @entity716 to see whether there were sleep-wake cycle disturbances similar to those that the authors had observed in @entity1 with @entity195 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional observational study in a single academic medical center. @entity1 , MEASUREMENTS: The authors investigated the circadian rest-activity cycle of six moderately demented @entity1 with @entity716 who wore an activity/lux monitor for 10-26 days and compared these patterns with those of six home-living healthy individuals of the same age group. In addition, rest-activity cycle data from previous studies of @entity1 with @entity195 were examined. INTERVENTIONS: None. RESULTS: The rest-activity cycle of @entity716 was remarkably well entrained, without the marked circadian and sleep disturbances found in @entity1 with @entity195 on the same ward. @entity716 had a >2 hour earlier bedtime and rest onset than healthy subjects and a 30-minute earlier wake-up time, resulting in longer nocturnal rest duration. The major difference was a greatly diminished daytime activity level and extremely low light exposure. CONCLUSION: A stably entrained, although low-amplitude and phase-advanced rest-activity cycle may reflect the different neuropathology of demented @entity1 with @entity716 compared with @entity1 with @entity195 .

title: The circadian rest-activity cycle in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['rhythm abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['Korsakoff psychosis', 'KP']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['Korsakoff psychosis']


abstract: @entity968 ( @entity970 ) hydrogels have been investigated for a number of applications in tissue engineering. The hydrogels can be designed to mimic tissues that have desired chemical and mechanical properties, but their physical structure can hinder cell migration, tissue invasion, and molecular transport. Synthesis of porous @entity970 hydrogels could improve transport, enhance cell behavior, and increase the surface area available for cell adhesion. Salt leaching methods have been used extensively to generate porous biomaterial scaffolds but have not previously been applied to hydrogels. In this article we describe a modification of traditional salt leaching techniques for application to hydrogels. Salt-saturated polymer precursor solutions are prepared, and salt crystals of a defined size are added before polymerization. The salt crystals are then leached out, resulting in porous hydrogels. Examples are provided for application of this technique to @entity970 hydrogels. Porous @entity970 hydrogels were generated with pore sizes ranging from 15 to 86   microm and porosities from 30% to 75%. Porous hydrogels that were incorporated with a cell adhesion peptide supported cell adhesion with morphology varying with pore size. The simple, reproducible technique described here could be used to generate porous hydrogels with controlled pore sizes for applications in tissue engineering.

title: Generation of porous XXXX hydrogels by salt leaching.

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['Poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']