abstract: One may consider that the @entity1 with @entity1276 complicating a primary @entity1313 has two distinctly different diseases: 1) a @entity5 , and 2) @entity1276 . The @entity1276 may be obstructive, communicating, or (in the case of @entity2846 ) hypersecretory. This paper presents the incidence, symptomatology, and management of @entity1276 associated with @entity1313 in 156 @entity1 and with @entity979 in 21 @entity1 , all treated by the first author during the period 1967 to 1979. @entity2946 was the most commonly encountered @entity5 . Of 117 @entity1 with cerebellar-fourth @entity5 , 110 had @entity1276 , whereas 11 of 34 with @entity3308 and all 21 with @entity979 presented with @entity1276 . Of the total 143 @entity1 with @entity1276 , shunts were inserted before craniotomy in 123, with the interval between shunt insertion and craniotomy for @entity5 removal ranging from 1 to 21 days. Eighteen of these @entity1 required shunt revisions after craniotomy; 36 of 80 @entity1 followed for 6 months or more had their shunts permanently removed, but it was necessary to reinsert the shunt from 5 days to 13 months later in 30% of these @entity1 . Only 25 @entity1 remained permanently shunt-free. It is considered that the placement of shunts before craniotomy is justified by the extraordinarily high incidence of @entity1829 and @entity227 associated with @entity1276 . " @entity3976 " and dissemination of neoplastic cells through the shunting system are theoretical contraindications to precraniotomy shunt insertion, although the former is rare (3%), and there is no statistical evidence to support the latter.

title: @entity1276 and XXXX . Incidence, clinical picture, and treatment.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['infratentorial tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic resection in @entity1 with @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) is limited by the presence of lymph node @entity3 (LNM), highlighting the importance of determining which @entity1 have virtually no risk of LNM. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathological parameters predicting LNM in @entity1 who underwent esophagectomy for SESCs and to identify the best candidate @entity1 for endoscopic resection. DESIGN: Retrospective, single-center study. SETTING: Tertiary-care center. @entity1 : A total of 190 @entity1 who underwent esophagectomy for SESCs between 1991 and 2009. INTERVENTIONS: Esophagectomy with lymph node dissection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: LNM. RESULTS: Of 190 @entity1 , 39 (20.5%) had LNM. The rates of LNM in @entity1 with m1, m2, m3, @entity895 , @entity3578 , and sm3 lesions were 0.0% (0/18), 8.7% (4/46), 25.0% (6/24), 15.0% (3/20), 26.0% (7/27), and 37.3% (19/51), respectively. On multivariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (P<.001), superficial @entity5 size (P=.004), and lower LMM (lamina muscularis mucosae) invasion width (P<.001) were independent predictors of LNM in @entity1 with @entity1721 invading the LMM. Among 63 @entity1 with mucosal or @entity895 @entity5 3 cm or smaller, only 1 had LNM without LVI showing a lower LMM invasion width greater than 3.0 mm. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic resection should be performed for mucosal @entity5 of 3 cm or less without positive lymph nodes. Moreover, if pathological examination of the endoscopically resected specimens shows invasion of the @entity895 layer and a lower LMM invasion width of 3.0 mm or less, indicating an absence of LVI, the @entity1 can be carefully observed without additional treatment.

title: Feasibility of endoscopic resection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['superficial esophageal squamous carcinoma', 'SESC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['superficial esophageal squamous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) activation is known to be associated with conditions where the incidence of @entity943 is increased, and where cardiomyocyte @entity141 -overload occurs. The goal of this study was to determine whether CaMKII inhibition in the intact heart may be linked to the suppression of @entity943 occurring during reperfusion after an ischemic insult. METHODS: Non-paced male @entity35 hearts (n = 8-11) were treated with a CaMKII inhibitor ( @entity14374 , 2.5  mol/L) 10 min prior to global @entity63 (20 min) and for the initial 10 min of reperfusion. Cardiac mechanical and arrhythmic responses were evaluated under constant pressure perfusion conditions and myocyte damage assessed by measurement of coronary effluent @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH). RESULTS: Under basal conditions, @entity14374 increased coronary flow (41    8% increase, p<0.05) and was negatively inotropic (29    7% decrease, p<0.05), but did not affect heart rate. @entity5649 was significantly diminished in @entity14374 -treated hearts (onset, min: 11.48    0.50 vs 16.27    1.23, p<0.05). CaMKII inhibition in early reperfusion almost completely abolished the incidence of @entity2224 in reperfusion (11/11 control vs 1/8 @entity14374 ). In the absence of @entity943 , heart rate was substantially reduced (% basal; 100    3% vs 46    8%, p<0.05) throughout reperfusion. Left ventricular developed pressure was initially low in @entity14374 hearts post- @entity63 , but recovered to control levels by the end of 60 min reperfusion (68    5% vs 56    5%, p = ns). LDH was significantly reduced in @entity14374 -treated hearts. CONCLUSION: Although CaMKII inhibition diminishes contractile performance of the intact heart in the initial post-ischemic period, it provides crucial benefits through protection against potentially lethal reperfusion-induced @entity943 and cardiomyocyte sarcolemmal rupture.

title: XXXX /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase inhibition suppresses post-ischemic arrhythmogenesis and mediates sinus bradycardic recovery in reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5649 :: ('MESH:D054061', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic contracture']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine stone composition, metabolic evaluation and colonization of Oxalobacter formigenes as risk factors for @entity1290 formation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with @entity1290 and 70 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Of the 80 @entity1 , 48 were first-time stone formers (FSF) and 32 were 'recurrent' stone formers ( @entity5990 ), recurrent indicating 2 or more episodes of stone formation. Stone analysis by X-ray crystallography, 24-hour urine metabolic profile and detection of O. formigenes-specific DNA by PCR were performed for each @entity1 . Detection of O. formigenes was also performed on 45 and urinary metabolic profile on an additional 25 controls. RESULTS: @entity3835 was the major component of stones, @entity5201 and hypocitraturia were the most common @entity1494 in the 80 @entity1 , 46% of @entity5990 @entity1 had @entity5200 . @entity1494 were far less frequent in the controls, with the exception of hypocitraturia (40%). Of the urinary metabolites, only @entity460 levels were significantly different (p < 0.05) between FSF (6.50 +/- 4.08 mmol/24 h) and @entity5990 (8.21 +/- 5.26 mmol/24 h) @entity1 . Colonization of O. formigenes was higher in controls (62.2%) than in FSF (33.3%) or @entity5990 (28%) @entity1 , it was least in @entity1 with more than 4 episodes (7%) of stone formation. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that lack of colonization of O. formigenes may be an important risk factor for recurrence of stone formation ( @entity3835 ).

title: Stone composition, metabolic profile and the presence of the gut-inhabiting bacterium Oxalobacter formigenes as risk factors for XXXX formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5201 :: ('MESH:D006959', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxaluria']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary abnormalities', 'urinary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxalate monohydrate', 'Calcium oxalate monohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stone', 'renal stones']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['renal stone']


abstract: @entity1822 of bone is a rare and a diagnostically challenging @entity5 entity. Over a 7-year period, we identified 8 such cases that fulfilled the diagnostic criteria in 6 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 , with age ranging from 25 to 59 years (mean, 42.7 years). All cases were noted in the lower limbs, including femur and tibia as the commonly involved bones in 4 and 3 cases, respectively. On radiography, the most consistent feature was a solitary @entity690 with cortical destruction, unassociated with matrix formation. On histopathology, all cases showed spindly sarcomatous cells, mostly arranged in fascicles and whorls. Of 8 cases, 6 (75%) were of high grade. Prominent vasculature was noted in 5 cases. Two cases displayed focal mineralization, including calcification and heterotropic woven bone formation in 1 case each, but lacked malignant osteoid or chondroid matrix. One case showed osteoclast-like giant cells. On immunohistochemistry, smooth muscle actin was diffusely positive in all cases (100%), @entity2283 was positive in 6 (75%) of 8 cases, and h-caldesmon was positive in 5 (83.3%) of 6 cases. Five cases underwent surgery, including 3 amputations and 2 wide excisions. One case underwent chemotherapy. On follow-up, 5 cases developed @entity3 , including 1 case with another, who died within 17 and 5 months. @entity79 is uncommon and diagnostically challenging. An index of suspicion is necessary for this diagnosis, especially in cases of lytic, destructive @entity79 , unassociated with matrix production, that show spindly sarcomatous cells on histopathology. Immunohistochemical analysis, including an optimum panel formed by smooth muscle actin (diffuse positivity), @entity2283 , and h-caldesmon, is necessary for substantiating this diagnosis. Surgery forms the treatment mainstay. The prognosis appears to be dismal.

title: XXXX of bone--a clinicopathologic study of 8 uncommon cases with immunohistochemical analysis and clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions', 'Leiomyosarcoma of bone']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['Primary leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Primary leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: 1. Acid secretion by the @entity35 @entity1971 was studied by microperfusion of the epididymal duct and by measuring the pH of the perfusate at a constant p @entity515 using a micro pH sensitive electrode. The rate of acidification was expressed as the rate of fall of intraluminal @entity3157 per cm duct per min.2. When the cauda epididymal duct was perfused with normal @entity3157 solution, the luminal @entity3157 concentration fell at a rate of 0.59 +/- 0.39 n-equiv cm(-1) min(-1) (mean +/- s.e.,n = 22).3. The rate of luminal acidification was independent of the perfusion rate but was dependent on the concentration of @entity3157 in the perfusion fluid. The rate of fall of luminal @entity3157 increased with increasing @entity3157 concentration and showed saturation at an intraluminal @entity3157 concentration of 25 @entity9755 /l.4. Acidification was abolished in the absence of intraluminal @entity1372 ions. This may suggest a linked @entity1372 reabsorption and @entity3884 ion secretion.5. Acidification of the luminal fluid was studied under different acid-base conditions. In animals undergoing @entity520 , the rate of acidification was enhanced, and conversely in animals undergoing @entity5838 , the rate was depressed.6. Intravenous infusion of @entity3791 into @entity35 at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg.hr markedly inhibited the acidification process. This effect was still observed in animals undergoing @entity520 . @entity3791 (10(-5)m) applied luminally was found to have no effect but higher concentration (10(-4)m) was found to inhibit acidification by 50%.7. The role of acidification of the epididymal fluid in sperm maturation was discussed.

title: Luminal acidification by the perfused @entity35 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide', 'Acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda epididymidis']

answer: @entity1971 :: (MESH:D011128,Disease) :: ['cauda epididymidis']


abstract: 1. Acid secretion by the @entity35 @entity1971 was studied by microperfusion of the epididymal duct and by measuring the pH of the perfusate at a constant p @entity515 using a micro pH sensitive electrode. The rate of acidification was expressed as the rate of fall of intraluminal @entity3157 per cm duct per min.2. When the cauda epididymal duct was perfused with normal @entity3157 solution, the luminal @entity3157 concentration fell at a rate of 0.59 +/- 0.39 n-equiv cm(-1) min(-1) (mean +/- s.e.,n = 22).3. The rate of luminal acidification was independent of the perfusion rate but was dependent on the concentration of @entity3157 in the perfusion fluid. The rate of fall of luminal @entity3157 increased with increasing @entity3157 concentration and showed saturation at an intraluminal @entity3157 concentration of 25 @entity9755 /l.4. Acidification was abolished in the absence of intraluminal @entity1372 ions. This may suggest a linked @entity1372 reabsorption and @entity3884 ion secretion.5. Acidification of the luminal fluid was studied under different acid-base conditions. In animals undergoing @entity520 , the rate of acidification was enhanced, and conversely in animals undergoing @entity5838 , the rate was depressed.6. Intravenous infusion of @entity3791 into @entity35 at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg.hr markedly inhibited the acidification process. This effect was still observed in animals undergoing @entity520 . @entity3791 (10(-5)m) applied luminally was found to have no effect but higher concentration (10(-4)m) was found to inhibit acidification by 50%.7. The role of acidification of the epididymal fluid in sperm maturation was discussed.

title: Luminal acidification by the perfused XXXX @entity1971 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Hematological studies were conducted in three wild groups of toque macaques (Macaca sinica) inhabiting the Polonnaruwa Sanctuary in northeastern @entity3595 Lanka. The macaques were temporarily trapped and anesthetized, and femoral blood was drawn from 35 males and 37 females (age range: 0.33-24.5 yr). Statistically significant (P<0.05) differences were observed by sex for total plasma proteins (PP), and by age for red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC), PP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), differential and absolute neutrophil counts, differential lymphocyte counts, and absolute eosinophil counts. In general, the results were similar to those reported for other species of colony-bred and free-ranging macaques. However, there also were differences. First, in contrast to earlier studies of nonhuman primates, we examined the hematology of @entity1 . Compared to other age classes, @entity1 (<1 yr old) had lower RBC, Hb, MCHC, and ESR values, and a higher MCV. These findings were similar to those obtained in @entity1 @entity1 . Second, we observed variations in hematology among social groups in relation to their ecology. Two groups (IH3 and M3) had ready access to water throughout the dry season (the period of sampling), whereas the third group (J) did not. The Hb, RBC, and PP values obtained in groups IH3 and M3 were similar to those reported in other macaque species. However, these parameters in group J were significantly (P<0.01) higher, which suggests that this group (representing about 26% of the sample) had been dehydrated during the dry season. Finally, two indices indicative of @entity130 and leukocyte counts--were higher in the wild toque macaques than has been reported for other species of macaques held in captivity, and about 15% of the toque macaques sampled had extreme outlier values for these parameters; however, none were visibly ill or died. These results suggest that wild toque macaques are subject to a wide array of physical and biological insults that are unique to natural populations.

title: Hematology of a natural population of toque macaques (Macaca sinica) at polonnaruwa, XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and infection--the ESR']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although data are absent, it has been stated that thrombolysis is probably not safe in the treatment of @entity64 in @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis. The objective of this study was for @entity64 experts to define the range of management concerning thrombolytic treatment of @entity64 in hemodialysis. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: Sixty-five @entity64 experts in thrombolytic therapy of acute @entity385 were queried regarding their personal experience in the use of thrombolysis in hemodialysis @entity1 . Hypothetical case scenarios were presented. RESULTS: Of the 65 @entity64 experts who were queried, 40 (62%) responded. One-third of the responders had previously treated hemodialysis @entity1 with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Most favored use of intravenous rt-PA for hemodialysis @entity1 with acute @entity385 . When presented with a case of a @entity1 who had recently undergone dialysis with a mildly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), 50% favored immediate intravenous thrombolysis. Seventy-eight percent of the experts would have considered an intra-arterial approach and would have preferred mechanical clot retrieval to thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the acknowledged absence of data and prevalent concerns about bleeding risk, most surveyed experts favored its use. One-third reported treating hemodialysis @entity1 with this therapy. Although these results do not substitute for data, they usefully define the range of current practice of @entity64 experts.

title: Thrombolysis for XXXX in hemodialysis: international survey of expert opinion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: Two schools in rural Tanzania were surveyed regarding the pupils' nutrition (weight and height), serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE), autoantibodies, @entity311 antibodies, @entity1956 . The survey attempted to quantify the relative importance of undernutrition and @entity4801 in determining the serological abnormalities found. Of all the @entity1 surveyed 69% were undernourished (less than 80% of expected weight for age); 63% had fecal parasites and 38% had @entity14454 . Serum IgG and IgM concentrations were raised and the serum IgE concentration was strikingly raised (mean 4990IU/ml). Elevated serum IgE was associated with @entity2329 . Autoantibodies were common but no @entity792 was detected. Notably there was a 35% prevalence of reticulin antibody. This reticulin antibody positivity correlated with increased @entity311 antibody concentrations. Reduced @entity311 antibody concentration was significantly associated with @entity1956 antigenemia. The study illustrates that parasites, notably @entity311 , are important determinants of the serum antibodies of @entity1 in the tropics and suggests that mild undernutrition has little effect.

title: Nutritional status, globulin titers, and parasitic infections of two populations of Tanzanian school XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B antigenemia, and fecal and urinary parasites', 'hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity2329 :: ('MESH:D001196', 'Disease') :: ['ascariasis']

entities_list: @entity14454 :: ('MESH:D012553', 'Disease') :: ['urinary schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infestation']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Combined effects of pregravid weight, @entity1017 and smoking on birth weight, length, and head circumference was investigated in uncomplicated, term pregnancies. Each gravida was categorized by height and pregravid weight as underweight, normal, moderately overweight, or massively overweight. Weight gain was grouped: poor, low-normal, high-normal, and excessive. @entity1 who smoked 10 to 20 cigarettes daily were studied. @entity1 who did not smoke were used as controls. Birth weights, lengths, and head circumferences were evaluated. Within each pregravid category and each gain group there was nearly uniform incremental increase in mean birthweight with advancing @entity1017 in both smoking and nonsmoking @entity1 . @entity1 born to smoking @entity1 fell behind nonsmoking counterparts by an entire gain group regardless of the mother's pregravid classification. Similar trends were observed in length and head circumference, although not as pronounced. Encouragement of higher weight gains helps correct the growth retardation observed in @entity1 born to @entity1 who smoke.

title: Influence of smoking, XXXX , and pregravid weight for height on intrauterine growth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: Problems with determining @entity56 to @entity3416 , @entity9373 , and @entity2544 with intradermal skin tests and patch tests are reported in three @entity1 . Three @entity1 were tested with intradermal injections of 0.9% @entity2827 , 1% @entity3416 , 1% @entity9373 , and 0.5% @entity2544 following apparent @entity56 to @entity3416 . Patch testing using hydrophilic ointment base, 1% @entity3416 , 1% @entity9373 , and 0.5% @entity2544 was also done. All three @entity1 had no reaction to intradermal @entity2827 or @entity2544 ; all patch tests were negative. The first @entity1 reacted to @entity9373 strongly and to @entity3416 more weakly; punch biopsy of the @entity9373 reaction site showed a direct toxic effect with no allergic component. Punch biopsy of the @entity3416 site showed a typical @entity56 . Two concentrations (0.5% and 1.0%) of @entity9373 injection were used to test the second @entity1 , and he reacted to both concentrations but not to any other injections. His positive reactions contained blisters rather than the typical wheal-and-flare reaction of @entity56 . The third @entity1 had similar responses including reactions to 0.5% and 0.1% @entity9373 (he was not tested with 1% @entity9373 ). Skin testing may be of value in predicting @entity3416 or @entity9373 allergy, but the nonspecific toxic effect of @entity9373 makes interpretation difficult.

title: Allergy to XXXX : lack of predictability by skin testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9373 :: ('MESH:C031234', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylenediamine']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reaction', 'allergic reactions', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity3416 :: (MESH:D000628,Chemical) :: ['aminophylline']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Most secondary intramammary @entity5 occur as metastatic involvement from the contralateral breast. Breast @entity3 (BM) from nonmammary @entity5 are very rare. The aims of this study were to estimate retrospectively the prevalence of BM from nonmammary @entity5 and to describe their radiologic appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BM were identified in 51 @entity1 , including 43 @entity1 and eight @entity1 with a median age of 61 years (range, 24-84 years). Computed tomography of the thoracic region identified 108 lesions in 38 @entity1 . Mammography was available for 37 @entity1 (54 lesions). Ultrasound evaluation was performed in 43 @entity1 (71 lesions). In 24 @entity1 (93 lesions), magnetic resonance imaging of the breast was done. Images were reviewed in consensus by two radiologists according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon. RESULTS: The prevalence of BM in several @entity5 ranged from 0.12% to 4.92%. On computed tomography, most @entity3 were round or oval in shape with marked or moderate enhancement. On mammography, solitary or multiple round or oval masses with circumscribed margins were the most common pattern of BM. Ten percent showed microcalcifications. On ultrasound, most BM were hypoechoic, oval or round in shape, with microlobulated or circumscribed margins, and posterior acoustic enhancement. Doppler imaging showed hypervascularity in 39% of BM. On magnetic resonance imaging, most lesions demonstrated marked homogenous contrast enhancement. Type 1 kinetic curve was seen in 18%, type 2 in 52%, and type 3 in 30%. CONCLUSIONS: The radiologic features reported in this study should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of @entity1558 .

title: XXXX to the breast from non-mammary @entity5 : @entity5 , prevalence, clinical signs, and radiological features.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastases']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Most secondary intramammary @entity5 occur as metastatic involvement from the contralateral breast. Breast @entity3 (BM) from nonmammary @entity5 are very rare. The aims of this study were to estimate retrospectively the prevalence of BM from nonmammary @entity5 and to describe their radiologic appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BM were identified in 51 @entity1 , including 43 @entity1 and eight @entity1 with a median age of 61 years (range, 24-84 years). Computed tomography of the thoracic region identified 108 lesions in 38 @entity1 . Mammography was available for 37 @entity1 (54 lesions). Ultrasound evaluation was performed in 43 @entity1 (71 lesions). In 24 @entity1 (93 lesions), magnetic resonance imaging of the breast was done. Images were reviewed in consensus by two radiologists according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon. RESULTS: The prevalence of BM in several @entity5 ranged from 0.12% to 4.92%. On computed tomography, most @entity3 were round or oval in shape with marked or moderate enhancement. On mammography, solitary or multiple round or oval masses with circumscribed margins were the most common pattern of BM. Ten percent showed microcalcifications. On ultrasound, most BM were hypoechoic, oval or round in shape, with microlobulated or circumscribed margins, and posterior acoustic enhancement. Doppler imaging showed hypervascularity in 39% of BM. On magnetic resonance imaging, most lesions demonstrated marked homogenous contrast enhancement. Type 1 kinetic curve was seen in 18%, type 2 in 52%, and type 3 in 30%. CONCLUSIONS: The radiologic features reported in this study should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of @entity1558 .

title: @entity3 to the breast from non-mammary XXXX : @entity5 , prevalence, clinical signs, and radiological features.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Most secondary intramammary @entity5 occur as metastatic involvement from the contralateral breast. Breast @entity3 (BM) from nonmammary @entity5 are very rare. The aims of this study were to estimate retrospectively the prevalence of BM from nonmammary @entity5 and to describe their radiologic appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BM were identified in 51 @entity1 , including 43 @entity1 and eight @entity1 with a median age of 61 years (range, 24-84 years). Computed tomography of the thoracic region identified 108 lesions in 38 @entity1 . Mammography was available for 37 @entity1 (54 lesions). Ultrasound evaluation was performed in 43 @entity1 (71 lesions). In 24 @entity1 (93 lesions), magnetic resonance imaging of the breast was done. Images were reviewed in consensus by two radiologists according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon. RESULTS: The prevalence of BM in several @entity5 ranged from 0.12% to 4.92%. On computed tomography, most @entity3 were round or oval in shape with marked or moderate enhancement. On mammography, solitary or multiple round or oval masses with circumscribed margins were the most common pattern of BM. Ten percent showed microcalcifications. On ultrasound, most BM were hypoechoic, oval or round in shape, with microlobulated or circumscribed margins, and posterior acoustic enhancement. Doppler imaging showed hypervascularity in 39% of BM. On magnetic resonance imaging, most lesions demonstrated marked homogenous contrast enhancement. Type 1 kinetic curve was seen in 18%, type 2 in 52%, and type 3 in 30%. CONCLUSIONS: The radiologic features reported in this study should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of @entity1558 .

title: @entity3 to the breast from non-mammary @entity5 : XXXX , prevalence, clinical signs, and radiological features.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['primary tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 , @entity6 , increasing age, and smoking are known risk factors for @entity644 . Prevalence of @entity644 is high in South Asians. However, ethnic subgroup differences and determinants of @entity644 within the South Asian population have not been explored. METHODS: The National Health Survey of Pakistan conducted between 1990 and 1994 was used to explore ethnic subgroup variation in @entity644 . Distinct ethnic subgroups, the Muhajir, the Punjabi, the Sindhi, the Pashtun, and the Baluchi, were defined by mother tongue. We report results in individuals aged >or=15 years (N = 9442). @entity644 was defined as dipstick positive for protein on random urine sample. RESULTS: Increasing age, high consumption of meat, and presence of @entity101 and @entity6 were each independently associated with @entity644 . The age-standardized prevalence of @entity644 was 4.6% (4.2% to 5.1%) and varied among ethnic subgroups (P < 0.001). The highest was among the Sindhi ( @entity1 9.5%, @entity1 10.3%), then the Muhajir ( @entity1 8.2%, @entity1 4.7%), the Punjabi ( @entity1 3.2% @entity1 3.5%), and lowest among the Baluchi ( @entity1 2.4%, @entity1 4.2%) and the Pashtun ( @entity1 2.7%, @entity1 1.2%). The ethnic differences persisted after adjusting for the above-mentioned sociodemographic, dietary, and clinical risk factors [adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI)] were 6.42 (3.97 to 10.38) for the Sindhis, 3.58 (2.22 to 5.79) for the Muhajirs, 2.03 (1.25 to 3.29) for the Punjabis, and 1.75 (0.79 to 3.88) for the Baluchis compared to the Pashtuns). CONCLUSION: We conclude that unmeasured environmental or genetic factors account for ethnic variations in @entity644 , and deserve further study.

title: Ethnic differences and determinants of XXXX among South Asian subgroups in Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pathologic tooth migration (PTM) is a tooth displacement which is derived from imbalance of tooth retention force and is dominantly found out in maxillary anterior area. PTM in maxillary anterior area was tried to corrected with periodontal treatment and a clear aligner in this study and the result was evaluated clinically and radiographically. METHODS: For the treatment of a @entity1 with @entity7278 accompanied by @entity4222 , clear aligner was applied to move teeth after a series of case-related periodontal therapy. Clinically, probing depth, @entity1464 , clinical attachment level and mobility were measured pre- and post-treatment, and radiographic examination was performed as well. RESULTS: Clinically, we found the decrease of the probing depth, @entity1464 , clinical attachment level and mobility. And we could also acknowledge the reduction of vertical and horizontal dimension on @entity154 radiographically. However, it is still controversial if there was an actual bone filling. CONCLUSIONS: Clear aligner is an effective appliance to move teeth since it costs little in terms of expense and time. In addition, it wraps whole crowns, providing advantages to deal with crowding, spacing, and size of arch. In short, clear aligner could be a useful treatment option for PTM @entity1 , since it provides decreased probing depth, @entity1464 , clinical attachment level, mobility and esthetical restoration.

title: Orthodontic treatment for XXXX by periodontitis using clear aligner.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['infrabony defect']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary anterior pathologic tooth migration']

answer: @entity4222 :: (MESH:D014085,Disease) :: ['maxillary anterior pathologic tooth migration']


abstract: The AZURE trial is an ongoing phase III, academic, multi-centre, randomised trial designed to evaluate the role of @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) in the adjuvant therapy of @entity1 with @entity0 . Here, we report the safety and tolerability profile of @entity5921 in this setting. Eligible @entity1 received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy and were randomised to receive neither additional treatment nor intravenous @entity5921 4 mg. @entity5921 was administered after each chemotherapy cycle to exploit potential sequence-dependent synergy. @entity5921 was continued for 60 months post-randomisation (six doses in the first 6 months, eight doses in the following 24 months and five doses in the final 30 months). Serious (SAE) and non-serious adverse event (AE) data generated during the first 36 months on study were analysed for the safety population. 3,360 @entity1 were recruited to the AZURE trial. The safety population comprised 3,340 @entity1 ( @entity5921 1,665; control 1,675). The addition of @entity5921 to standard treatment did not significantly impact on chemotherapy delivery. SAE were similar in both treatment arms. No significant safety differences were seen apart from the occurrence of @entity2530 of the jaw (ONJ) in the @entity5921 group (11 confirmed cases; 0.7%; 95% confidence interval 0.3-1.1%). @entity5921 in the adjuvant setting is well tolerated, and can be safely administered in addition to adjuvant therapy including chemotherapy. The adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of @entity5921 , with a low incidence of ONJ.

title: Safety of XXXX and incidence of @entity2530 of the jaw (ONJ) during adjuvant therapy in a randomised phase III trial (AZURE: BIG 01-04) for @entity1 with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage II/III breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity4381 :: (MESH:C088658,Chemical) :: ['zoledronic acid']


abstract: The AZURE trial is an ongoing phase III, academic, multi-centre, randomised trial designed to evaluate the role of @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) in the adjuvant therapy of @entity1 with @entity0 . Here, we report the safety and tolerability profile of @entity5921 in this setting. Eligible @entity1 received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy and were randomised to receive neither additional treatment nor intravenous @entity5921 4 mg. @entity5921 was administered after each chemotherapy cycle to exploit potential sequence-dependent synergy. @entity5921 was continued for 60 months post-randomisation (six doses in the first 6 months, eight doses in the following 24 months and five doses in the final 30 months). Serious (SAE) and non-serious adverse event (AE) data generated during the first 36 months on study were analysed for the safety population. 3,360 @entity1 were recruited to the AZURE trial. The safety population comprised 3,340 @entity1 ( @entity5921 1,665; control 1,675). The addition of @entity5921 to standard treatment did not significantly impact on chemotherapy delivery. SAE were similar in both treatment arms. No significant safety differences were seen apart from the occurrence of @entity2530 of the jaw (ONJ) in the @entity5921 group (11 confirmed cases; 0.7%; 95% confidence interval 0.3-1.1%). @entity5921 in the adjuvant setting is well tolerated, and can be safely administered in addition to adjuvant therapy including chemotherapy. The adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of @entity5921 , with a low incidence of ONJ.

title: Safety of @entity4381 and incidence of @entity2530 of the jaw (ONJ) during adjuvant therapy in a randomised phase III trial (AZURE: BIG 01-04) for @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['stage II/III breast cancer']


abstract: The AZURE trial is an ongoing phase III, academic, multi-centre, randomised trial designed to evaluate the role of @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) in the adjuvant therapy of @entity1 with @entity0 . Here, we report the safety and tolerability profile of @entity5921 in this setting. Eligible @entity1 received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy and were randomised to receive neither additional treatment nor intravenous @entity5921 4 mg. @entity5921 was administered after each chemotherapy cycle to exploit potential sequence-dependent synergy. @entity5921 was continued for 60 months post-randomisation (six doses in the first 6 months, eight doses in the following 24 months and five doses in the final 30 months). Serious (SAE) and non-serious adverse event (AE) data generated during the first 36 months on study were analysed for the safety population. 3,360 @entity1 were recruited to the AZURE trial. The safety population comprised 3,340 @entity1 ( @entity5921 1,665; control 1,675). The addition of @entity5921 to standard treatment did not significantly impact on chemotherapy delivery. SAE were similar in both treatment arms. No significant safety differences were seen apart from the occurrence of @entity2530 of the jaw (ONJ) in the @entity5921 group (11 confirmed cases; 0.7%; 95% confidence interval 0.3-1.1%). @entity5921 in the adjuvant setting is well tolerated, and can be safely administered in addition to adjuvant therapy including chemotherapy. The adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of @entity5921 , with a low incidence of ONJ.

title: Safety of @entity4381 and incidence of XXXX of the jaw (ONJ) during adjuvant therapy in a randomised phase III trial (AZURE: BIG 01-04) for @entity1 with @entity0 .

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: The AZURE trial is an ongoing phase III, academic, multi-centre, randomised trial designed to evaluate the role of @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) in the adjuvant therapy of @entity1 with @entity0 . Here, we report the safety and tolerability profile of @entity5921 in this setting. Eligible @entity1 received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy and were randomised to receive neither additional treatment nor intravenous @entity5921 4 mg. @entity5921 was administered after each chemotherapy cycle to exploit potential sequence-dependent synergy. @entity5921 was continued for 60 months post-randomisation (six doses in the first 6 months, eight doses in the following 24 months and five doses in the final 30 months). Serious (SAE) and non-serious adverse event (AE) data generated during the first 36 months on study were analysed for the safety population. 3,360 @entity1 were recruited to the AZURE trial. The safety population comprised 3,340 @entity1 ( @entity5921 1,665; control 1,675). The addition of @entity5921 to standard treatment did not significantly impact on chemotherapy delivery. SAE were similar in both treatment arms. No significant safety differences were seen apart from the occurrence of @entity2530 of the jaw (ONJ) in the @entity5921 group (11 confirmed cases; 0.7%; 95% confidence interval 0.3-1.1%). @entity5921 in the adjuvant setting is well tolerated, and can be safely administered in addition to adjuvant therapy including chemotherapy. The adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of @entity5921 , with a low incidence of ONJ.

title: Safety of @entity4381 and incidence of @entity2530 of the jaw (ONJ) during adjuvant therapy in a randomised phase III trial (AZURE: BIG 01-04) for XXXX with @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) levels is an important complication after renal transplantation. The prevalence of nontraumatic lesions may reach 22%. @entity1 with lower osseous mass suffer the highest number of lesions. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate BMD in @entity1 over 30-years old who have undergone renal transplantation more than 1 year prior, who attend a medical facility complaining of @entity158 and were prescribed rest or any @entity1337 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-three @entity1 who received a renal transplant from a cadaveric donor from 1980 through 2000 were included in the present study to measure BMD levels in the hips and the vertebral column using a densitometer (Hologic 4500 QDR). Our study complied with WHO recommendations, which define normal values as a T score >-1 SD @entity2331 as a (T score between <-1 and >-2.5 SD), and @entity170 as a T score <-2.5 SD. @entity1 were divided into three groups according to gender and hormonal status. The following clinical and analytic data were collected: age, gender, race, age at onset of menopause, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), weight, size, retransplantation, period of evolution after transplantation, and @entity6685 ( @entity461 ), @entity1011 , and renal clearance values. RESULTS: There were 51 @entity1 (41.1%) included. Forty postmenopausal (32.5%) and premenopausal @entity1 (26%) were also included. In all @entity1 we observed a correlation between a reduction in BMD values and age, duration post-transplantation, and body weight (P<.05). Reduced BMD levels in premenopausal @entity1 were related with lower body weight, (P<.05) and elevated @entity461 levels (P<.024). CONCLUSIONS: We observed that @entity1 who had undergone transplantation displayed a moderately higher risk of suffering a @entity174 . Such risk increased in the case of @entity1 with more frequent fractures in the vertebral column. In 23.8% of @entity1 reporting @entity158 , there was no reduction in BMD levels. Therefore, we must look for other disorder, responsible for the @entity158 and prescribe adequate treatment.

title: XXXX and bone mineral density in renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6685 :: ('MESH:D010281', 'Chemical') :: ['parathormone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'osseous pain', 'osteoarticular pain']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Osteoarticular pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3069 -intracellulare complex (MAC) is a ubiquitous pathogen found in soil and water. Environmental exposure is the primary route for MAC infection. However, specific environmental risk factors have been poorly determined in immunocompetent @entity1 with @entity358 . METHODS: A case-control study was performed with 106 @entity1 with @entity358 ( @entity1 [ @entity1 ], 23 [83]; age, 64.3    9.2 years) and 53 age-matched control @entity1 with @entity4595 but not @entity19262 ( @entity1 [ @entity1 ], 7[46]; age, 63.0    11.0 years). All @entity1 completed a standardized questionnaire that included questions about medical history, smoking history, @entity167 usage, age at menopause, and environment exposures. Environment exposures included soil exposure from farming or gardening; water exposure from bathing, showering, hot tub use, dishwashing, swimming, and drinking water; and pet exposure. RESULTS: No differences were identified in the @entity1 characteristics and underlying diseases. More case @entity1 experienced high soil exposure (>=  2 per week) than control @entity1 (23.6% vs 9.4%, P = .032); this remained significant after multivariate analysis (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 1.4-24.7; P = .015). There were no significant differences in other environmental exposures. Case @entity1 with high soil exposure were significantly older than those with low soil exposure (67.3    7.3 years vs 64.3    9.5 years, P = .037). Other characteristics, underlying diseases, and mycobacterial species did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity358 had significantly more soil exposure than noninfected control @entity1 , which suggests that environmental soil exposure is a likely risk factor for the development of @entity358 .

title: Environmental risk factors for pulmonary XXXX -intracellulare complex disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary MAC disease']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity19262 :: ('MESH:D015270', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary MAC infection']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: AIMS: The present study was initiated by a very recent histochemical observation of lipid accumulation in the renal cortex of a @entity1 who died in a @entity14785 . Two older reports of lipid accumulation in the kidneys of @entity1 who died, most likely in a state of non-regulated @entity6 , supported this observation. We have examined whether lipid accumulation in the renal cortex is characteristic of @entity14785 and, if so, which type of lipid accumulates. METHODS: Three groups were studied. Ten subjects who died in a @entity14785 , eight @entity6 who died of known causes unrelated to @entity6 , and seven normal control subjects without any diagnosed @entity6 who died of known causes. All were subjected to histological examination for lipid accumulation in the renal cortex. Detailed analysis of cortex lipids was performed for two of the subjects who died in a @entity14785 and all @entity6 controls as well as non- @entity6 control subjects. RESULTS: All subjects who died in a @entity14785 showed @entity13312 staining strongly for lipid in the proximal tubules. Neither normal controls nor non-coma @entity6 showed these lesions. Compared with normal controls, renal cortex lipid was about tripled in the two analysed @entity14785 subjects due to 60-100-fold increases of @entity1674 . The non-coma @entity6 did not differ from the other controls with respect to @entity1674 or other types of lipid, except that @entity8557 were elevated, though still a quantitatively minor component. CONCLUSION: Our findings strongly indicate that @entity13312 in the proximal tubules are characteristic of @entity14785 and that they are caused by accumulated @entity1674 . Therefore, histological examination of renal cortex using a lipid stain may be a useful forensic tool in establishing @entity14785 as the cause of @entity204 .

title: Accumulation of XXXX in the proximal tubule of the kidney in @entity14785 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['vacuolar lesions']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity14785 :: ('MESH:D003926', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic coma']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl esters']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: AIMS: The present study was initiated by a very recent histochemical observation of lipid accumulation in the renal cortex of a @entity1 who died in a @entity14785 . Two older reports of lipid accumulation in the kidneys of @entity1 who died, most likely in a state of non-regulated @entity6 , supported this observation. We have examined whether lipid accumulation in the renal cortex is characteristic of @entity14785 and, if so, which type of lipid accumulates. METHODS: Three groups were studied. Ten subjects who died in a @entity14785 , eight @entity6 who died of known causes unrelated to @entity6 , and seven normal control subjects without any diagnosed @entity6 who died of known causes. All were subjected to histological examination for lipid accumulation in the renal cortex. Detailed analysis of cortex lipids was performed for two of the subjects who died in a @entity14785 and all @entity6 controls as well as non- @entity6 control subjects. RESULTS: All subjects who died in a @entity14785 showed @entity13312 staining strongly for lipid in the proximal tubules. Neither normal controls nor non-coma @entity6 showed these lesions. Compared with normal controls, renal cortex lipid was about tripled in the two analysed @entity14785 subjects due to 60-100-fold increases of @entity1674 . The non-coma @entity6 did not differ from the other controls with respect to @entity1674 or other types of lipid, except that @entity8557 were elevated, though still a quantitatively minor component. CONCLUSION: Our findings strongly indicate that @entity13312 in the proximal tubules are characteristic of @entity14785 and that they are caused by accumulated @entity1674 . Therefore, histological examination of renal cortex using a lipid stain may be a useful forensic tool in establishing @entity14785 as the cause of @entity204 .

title: Accumulation of @entity1674 in the proximal tubule of the kidney in XXXX .

answer: @entity14785 :: (MESH:D003926,Disease) :: ['diabetic coma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The genetic influence on carotid @entity731 plaque is mostly unknown. This study examines the association between carotid plaque and single @entity377 polymorphisms in selected genes implicated in @entity32 and endothelial function. METHODS: A total of 43 genes (197 single @entity377 polymorphisms) involved in @entity32 and endothelial function were interrogated in 287 Dominicans from the Northern Manhattan Study (mean age, 64  7 years; 58% @entity1 ) who had undergone high-resolution B-mode ultrasound for examination of carotid plaque. Using an additive genetic model, multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted, a within-gene haplotype analysis was performed, and interactions between genes were examined. Results were validated in an independent set of 301 Dominicans. RESULTS: Carotid plaque was present in 143 (47%) @entity1 . Nine genes had at least 1 single @entity377 polymorphism associated (P <=0.01) with carotid plaque phenotypes: @entity310 , @entity3623 , @entity10497 , @entity16348 , @entity5601 , @entity1192 , @entity2939 , @entity12974 , and @entity8274 . Single @entity377 polymorphisms in @entity16348 , @entity5601 , @entity2939 , @entity12974 , and @entity8274 were also implicated with the same carotid phenotype in the validation analysis. Haplotype analysis revealed an additional gene of interest, @entity4725 . CONCLUSIONS: We report novel associations between variations in 10 genes involved in @entity32 and endothelial function and carotid plaque phenotypes in a Dominican sample, with replication for 5 genes in an independent Dominican sample.

title: Carotid plaque and candidate genes related to XXXX and endothelial function in Hispanics from northern Manhattan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The use of nesiritide in the improvement of @entity1 hemodynamics, decreased length of stay (LOS), and rehospitalization is discussed. Nesiritide is a useful agent for the treatment of the acutely decompensated @entity712 @entity1 . Previous trials suggest that the use of nesiritide results in improved outcomes as compared with other agents. To date, there are no data comparing nesiritide to @entity7604 in the treatment of the acutely decompensated @entity712 @entity1 . Fifty-five @entity1 admitted to the @entity712 service were identified retrospectively; 29 received nesiritide and 26 received @entity7604 . Baseline characteristics, hemodynamic data, and LOS data were collected. Primary outcomes were the overall LOS, intensive care LOS, and readmission within 30 days of discharge. Other outcomes included duration of vasoactive agents used, overall diuresis, and total cost of therapy. Baseline hemodynamic data were similar between groups. @entity1 in the @entity7604 group had an overall LOS of 8.2 days compared to 7 days in the nesiritide group (p = NS). LOS in the intensive care unit was 5.9 days in the @entity7604 group compared with 3.9 days in the nesiritide group (p = 0.007). Readmission at 30 days was 28% in the @entity7604 group compared with 16% in the nesiritide group (p = NS). Infusion time was shorter in the nesiritide group, 50 versus 117 hours (p = 0.001). Cost of therapy (cost of bed, supplies, and drug) was  398 less per @entity1 receiving nesiritide. The use of nesiritide led to improvement in @entity1 hemodynamics and resulted in a trend toward decreases in LOS and rehospitalization. Total cost of therapy was lower in the nesiritide group as compared to those @entity1 treated with @entity7604 .

title: Effect of nesiritide versus @entity7604 in the treatment of acute decompensated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The use of nesiritide in the improvement of @entity1 hemodynamics, decreased length of stay (LOS), and rehospitalization is discussed. Nesiritide is a useful agent for the treatment of the acutely decompensated @entity712 @entity1 . Previous trials suggest that the use of nesiritide results in improved outcomes as compared with other agents. To date, there are no data comparing nesiritide to @entity7604 in the treatment of the acutely decompensated @entity712 @entity1 . Fifty-five @entity1 admitted to the @entity712 service were identified retrospectively; 29 received nesiritide and 26 received @entity7604 . Baseline characteristics, hemodynamic data, and LOS data were collected. Primary outcomes were the overall LOS, intensive care LOS, and readmission within 30 days of discharge. Other outcomes included duration of vasoactive agents used, overall diuresis, and total cost of therapy. Baseline hemodynamic data were similar between groups. @entity1 in the @entity7604 group had an overall LOS of 8.2 days compared to 7 days in the nesiritide group (p = NS). LOS in the intensive care unit was 5.9 days in the @entity7604 group compared with 3.9 days in the nesiritide group (p = 0.007). Readmission at 30 days was 28% in the @entity7604 group compared with 16% in the nesiritide group (p = NS). Infusion time was shorter in the nesiritide group, 50 versus 117 hours (p = 0.001). Cost of therapy (cost of bed, supplies, and drug) was  398 less per @entity1 receiving nesiritide. The use of nesiritide led to improvement in @entity1 hemodynamics and resulted in a trend toward decreases in LOS and rehospitalization. Total cost of therapy was lower in the nesiritide group as compared to those @entity1 treated with @entity7604 .

title: Effect of nesiritide versus XXXX in the treatment of acute decompensated @entity712 .

answer: @entity7604 :: (MESH:D020105,Chemical) :: ['milrinone']


abstract: To date, no study shows a @entity86 with the use of irrigation during appendectomy. @entity86 rate for laparoscopic and open appendectomy is 3.3 and 2.6 per cent. The purpose of this study is to determine if irrigation at appendectomy decreases the @entity6177 rate. Retrospective chart review of 176 consecutive appendectomies, open (39%) and laparoscopic (61%), at a university affiliated tertiary care facility from July 2007 to November 2008 for use of intraoperative irrigation was performed. @entity1 under age 18 were excluded. There were no differences between the irrigation groups in regards to age, sex, or weight. Perforation was observed in 28 per cent (50/176), of which 86 per cent (43/50) of @entity1 received intraoperative irrigation. Eleven @entity1 (9.6%) with irrigation developed @entity86 compared with two (3.3%) @entity1 without irrigation (P = 0.22). Our results do not show decrease in @entity6177 with use of intraoperative irrigation. Thirteen @entity1 developed @entity86 : 11 with irrigation, two without irrigation. Ten of 13 @entity1 who developed @entity733 were perforated; nine with irrigation and one without. These results suggest routine use of intraoperative irrigation for appendectomies does not prevent @entity6177 formation, adds extra costs, and may be avoided.

title: Does use of intraoperative irrigation with open or laparoscopic appendectomy reduce post-operative XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative intra-abdominal abscess', 'intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative abscess', 'postoperative abscess', 'decrease in postoperative abscess']

answer: @entity6177 :: (MESH:D018784,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10579 is the most severe phenotype of the peroxisome biogenesis disorders caused by mutations in PEX genes. @entity73029 genes are most frequently implicated. Clinical phenotype can't predict the mutated gene. AIM: To report a novel mutation in the @entity73030 gene in @entity1 with typical @entity10579 . CASE REPORT: the @entity1 was the second @entity1 to consanguineous parents; the 1st @entity1 was dead with @entity2421 . At two month of age, we noted a severe @entity2421 and @entity851 , characteristic facial @entity154 and @entity246 . Sensorial investigations showed @entity1952 . Cerebral tomography revealed @entity62 . Radiological examination revealed @entity730 stippling of the patellas. The clinical diagnosis was supported by measurement of plasma very-long-chain @entity1718 , with elevated C24:0/C22:0, C26:0/C22:0 ratios and decreased @entity64749 peak. The diagnosis was confirmed by dosage of @entity20724 activity in fibroblasts which was very low. Ultrastructural examinations showed the presence of peroxisomal ghosts. Genetic analysis demonstrated a new mutation in @entity73030 gene.The @entity204 occurred at the age of 8 months of refractor @entity302 and @entity386 . CONCLUSION: The poor prognosis of @entity10579 incites paediatricians to consider this disorder in etiological investigations of precocious @entity2421 . Biochemical diagnosis, available in Tunisia, offers opportunity of prenatal diagnosis in affected families.

title: [A novel mutation in @entity73030 gene in XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth failure']

entities_list: @entity10579 :: ('MESH:D015211', 'Disease') :: ['Zellweger syndrome', 'ZS']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity64749 :: ('MESH:C007547', 'Chemical') :: ['docosanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia', 'neonatal hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hypodensity']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity10579 :: (MESH:D015211,Disease) :: ['Zellweger syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10579 is the most severe phenotype of the peroxisome biogenesis disorders caused by mutations in PEX genes. @entity73029 genes are most frequently implicated. Clinical phenotype can't predict the mutated gene. AIM: To report a novel mutation in the @entity73030 gene in @entity1 with typical @entity10579 . CASE REPORT: the @entity1 was the second @entity1 to consanguineous parents; the 1st @entity1 was dead with @entity2421 . At two month of age, we noted a severe @entity2421 and @entity851 , characteristic facial @entity154 and @entity246 . Sensorial investigations showed @entity1952 . Cerebral tomography revealed @entity62 . Radiological examination revealed @entity730 stippling of the patellas. The clinical diagnosis was supported by measurement of plasma very-long-chain @entity1718 , with elevated C24:0/C22:0, C26:0/C22:0 ratios and decreased @entity64749 peak. The diagnosis was confirmed by dosage of @entity20724 activity in fibroblasts which was very low. Ultrastructural examinations showed the presence of peroxisomal ghosts. Genetic analysis demonstrated a new mutation in @entity73030 gene.The @entity204 occurred at the age of 8 months of refractor @entity302 and @entity386 . CONCLUSION: The poor prognosis of @entity10579 incites paediatricians to consider this disorder in etiological investigations of precocious @entity2421 . Biochemical diagnosis, available in Tunisia, offers opportunity of prenatal diagnosis in affected families.

title: [A novel mutation in XXXX gene in @entity10579 : a case report].

answer: @entity73030 :: (55670,Gene) :: ['PEX 26']


abstract: A 57-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray film. Computed tomography (CT) scanning demonstrated a low-density, destructive mass on the right 8th rib. The maximum standardized uptake value of the @entity5 measured by positron emission tomography (PET) was 2.9, indicating @entity5 . Wide resection of the @entity5 , including the right 8th rib and the 7th to 8th intercostal muscle, was performed. Chest wall reconstruction was achieved with Composix Mesh. The histologic findings revealed proliferation of histiocytes and eosinophil infiltration. No malignant cells were detected in the @entity5 . Histiocytes stained for @entity2281 protein and @entity4896 , compatible with a diagnosis of @entity1222 ( @entity1222 ). @entity1222 in the ribs is very rare and difficult to diagnose using CT or PET. Tumor biopsy or resection is needed to diagnose @entity1222 .

title: [ XXXX of the rib in adult male].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis', 'LCH']

answer: @entity1222 :: (MESH:D006646,Disease) :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ischemic postconditioning (IPost) has aroused much attention since 2003 when it was firstly reported. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in IPost has rarely been reported. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether miRNAs were involved in the protective effect of IPost against @entity741 -reperfusion (IR) injury and the probable mechanisms involved. METHODS: Thirty SD @entity35 weighing 250-300 g were equally randomized to three groups: Control group, where the @entity35 were treated with thoracotomy only; IR group, where the @entity35 were treated with @entity63 for 60 min and reperfusion for 180 min; and IPost group, where the @entity35 were treated with 3 cycles of transient IR just before reperfusion. The extent of @entity583 , LDH and CK activities were measured immediately after treatment. Myocardial apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. The myocardial tissue was collected after IR or IPost stimulation to evaluate the miRNAs expression level by miRNA-microarray and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Real-time PCR was conducted to identify changes in mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes such as @entity1976 , @entity2310 and @entity2311 ( @entity2311 ), and Western blot was used to compare the protein expression level of @entity2311 in the three groups. The miRNA mimics and anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMO) were transferred into the cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes and myocardium before they were treated with IR. The effect of miRNAs on apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. @entity2311 , as one of the candidate target of @entity34513 , was compared during IR after the @entity34513 mimic or AMO-133a was transferred into the myocardium. RESULTS: IPost reduced the IR-induced @entity1188 size of the left ventricle, and decreased CK and LDH levels. TUNEL assay showed that myocardial apoptosis was attenuated by IPost compared with IR. MiRNA-microarray and RT-PCR showed that myocardial-specific @entity34512 and @entity34513 were down-regulated by IR, and up-regulated by IPost compared with IR. Furthermore, IPost up-regulated the mRNA expression of @entity1976 , down-regulated that of @entity2310 and @entity2311 . Western blot showed that IPost also down-regulated the @entity2311 protein expression compared with IR. The results of flow cytometry and TUNEL assay showed that up-regulation of @entity34512 and @entity34513 decreased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. @entity34513 mimic down-regulated @entity2311 protein expression and attenuated IR-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION: MiRNAs are associated with the protective effect of IPost against @entity741 . IPost can up-regulate @entity34512 and @entity34513 , and decrease apoptosis of cardiomyocyte. Myocardial-specific @entity34512 and @entity34513 may play an important role in IPost protection by regulating apoptosis-related genes. @entity34513 may attenuate apoptosis of myocardiocytes by targeting @entity2311 .

title: Role of XXXX and @entity34513 in @entity741 postconditioning.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial IR injury', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity34512 :: (100314077(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['miR-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ischemic postconditioning (IPost) has aroused much attention since 2003 when it was firstly reported. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in IPost has rarely been reported. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether miRNAs were involved in the protective effect of IPost against @entity741 -reperfusion (IR) injury and the probable mechanisms involved. METHODS: Thirty SD @entity35 weighing 250-300 g were equally randomized to three groups: Control group, where the @entity35 were treated with thoracotomy only; IR group, where the @entity35 were treated with @entity63 for 60 min and reperfusion for 180 min; and IPost group, where the @entity35 were treated with 3 cycles of transient IR just before reperfusion. The extent of @entity583 , LDH and CK activities were measured immediately after treatment. Myocardial apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. The myocardial tissue was collected after IR or IPost stimulation to evaluate the miRNAs expression level by miRNA-microarray and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Real-time PCR was conducted to identify changes in mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes such as @entity1976 , @entity2310 and @entity2311 ( @entity2311 ), and Western blot was used to compare the protein expression level of @entity2311 in the three groups. The miRNA mimics and anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMO) were transferred into the cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes and myocardium before they were treated with IR. The effect of miRNAs on apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. @entity2311 , as one of the candidate target of @entity34513 , was compared during IR after the @entity34513 mimic or AMO-133a was transferred into the myocardium. RESULTS: IPost reduced the IR-induced @entity1188 size of the left ventricle, and decreased CK and LDH levels. TUNEL assay showed that myocardial apoptosis was attenuated by IPost compared with IR. MiRNA-microarray and RT-PCR showed that myocardial-specific @entity34512 and @entity34513 were down-regulated by IR, and up-regulated by IPost compared with IR. Furthermore, IPost up-regulated the mRNA expression of @entity1976 , down-regulated that of @entity2310 and @entity2311 . Western blot showed that IPost also down-regulated the @entity2311 protein expression compared with IR. The results of flow cytometry and TUNEL assay showed that up-regulation of @entity34512 and @entity34513 decreased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. @entity34513 mimic down-regulated @entity2311 protein expression and attenuated IR-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION: MiRNAs are associated with the protective effect of IPost against @entity741 . IPost can up-regulate @entity34512 and @entity34513 , and decrease apoptosis of cardiomyocyte. Myocardial-specific @entity34512 and @entity34513 may play an important role in IPost protection by regulating apoptosis-related genes. @entity34513 may attenuate apoptosis of myocardiocytes by targeting @entity2311 .

title: Role of @entity34512 and @entity34513 in XXXX postconditioning.

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ischemic postconditioning (IPost) has aroused much attention since 2003 when it was firstly reported. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in IPost has rarely been reported. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether miRNAs were involved in the protective effect of IPost against @entity741 -reperfusion (IR) injury and the probable mechanisms involved. METHODS: Thirty SD @entity35 weighing 250-300 g were equally randomized to three groups: Control group, where the @entity35 were treated with thoracotomy only; IR group, where the @entity35 were treated with @entity63 for 60 min and reperfusion for 180 min; and IPost group, where the @entity35 were treated with 3 cycles of transient IR just before reperfusion. The extent of @entity583 , LDH and CK activities were measured immediately after treatment. Myocardial apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. The myocardial tissue was collected after IR or IPost stimulation to evaluate the miRNAs expression level by miRNA-microarray and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Real-time PCR was conducted to identify changes in mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes such as @entity1976 , @entity2310 and @entity2311 ( @entity2311 ), and Western blot was used to compare the protein expression level of @entity2311 in the three groups. The miRNA mimics and anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMO) were transferred into the cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes and myocardium before they were treated with IR. The effect of miRNAs on apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. @entity2311 , as one of the candidate target of @entity34513 , was compared during IR after the @entity34513 mimic or AMO-133a was transferred into the myocardium. RESULTS: IPost reduced the IR-induced @entity1188 size of the left ventricle, and decreased CK and LDH levels. TUNEL assay showed that myocardial apoptosis was attenuated by IPost compared with IR. MiRNA-microarray and RT-PCR showed that myocardial-specific @entity34512 and @entity34513 were down-regulated by IR, and up-regulated by IPost compared with IR. Furthermore, IPost up-regulated the mRNA expression of @entity1976 , down-regulated that of @entity2310 and @entity2311 . Western blot showed that IPost also down-regulated the @entity2311 protein expression compared with IR. The results of flow cytometry and TUNEL assay showed that up-regulation of @entity34512 and @entity34513 decreased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. @entity34513 mimic down-regulated @entity2311 protein expression and attenuated IR-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION: MiRNAs are associated with the protective effect of IPost against @entity741 . IPost can up-regulate @entity34512 and @entity34513 , and decrease apoptosis of cardiomyocyte. Myocardial-specific @entity34512 and @entity34513 may play an important role in IPost protection by regulating apoptosis-related genes. @entity34513 may attenuate apoptosis of myocardiocytes by targeting @entity2311 .

title: Role of @entity34512 and XXXX in @entity741 postconditioning.

answer: @entity34513 :: (100314030(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['miR-133a']


abstract: CONTEXT: Because diagnosis is typically thought of as purely a @entity1 attribute, it is considered a critical factor in risk-adjustment policies designed to reward efficient and high-quality care. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between frequency of diagnoses for chronic conditions in geographic areas and case-fatality rate among Medicare beneficiaries. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Cross-sectional analysis of the mean number of 9 serious chronic conditions ( @entity5 , @entity1030 , @entity453 , @entity712 , @entity3657 , severe @entity409 , @entity6 with @entity454 , @entity177 , and @entity303 ) diagnosed in 306 hospital referral regions (HRRs) in the United States; HRRs were divided into quintiles of diagnosis frequency. @entity1 were 5,153,877 fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries in 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age/sex/race-adjusted case-fatality rates. RESULTS: Diagnosis frequency ranged across HRRs from 0.58 chronic conditions in Grand Junction, Colorado, to 1.23 in Miami, Florida (mean, 0.90 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.89-0.91]; median, 0.87 [interquartile range, 0.80-0.96]). The number of conditions diagnosed was related to risk of @entity204 : among @entity1 diagnosed with 0, 1, 2, and 3 conditions the case-fatality rate was 16, 45, 93, and 154 per 1000, respectively. As regional diagnosis frequency increased, however, the case fatality associated with a chronic condition became progressively less. Among @entity1 diagnosed with 1 condition, the case-fatality rate decreased in a stepwise fashion across quintiles of diagnosis frequency, from 51 per 1000 in the lowest quintile to 38 per 1000 in the highest quintile (relative rate, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.72-0.76]). For @entity1 diagnosed with 3 conditions, the corresponding case-fatality rates were 168 and 137 per 1000 (relative rate, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.79-0.84]). CONCLUSION: Among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries, there is an inverse relationship between the regional frequency of diagnoses and the case-fatality rate for chronic conditions.

title: Geographic variation in diagnosis frequency and risk of XXXX among Medicare beneficiaries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-organ disease']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There continues to be controversy surrounding the appropriate use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of @entity14 ( @entity14 ). This study analyzes outcomes data of @entity14 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic RFA. Outcomes of @entity1 determined to be technically resectable were compared to @entity1 with unresectable disease. METHODS: Data from all @entity1 with @entity14 who underwent laparoscopic RFA between 1996 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. A blinded independent hepatobiliary-trained surgical oncologist reviewed preoperative diagnostic imaging studies to determine resectability. Outcomes data for @entity1 with disease deemed anatomically resectable and unresectable were analyzed and compared. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The log rank test was performed to assess significance in survival. RESULTS: A total of 113 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic RFA for @entity14 were identified. Twelve @entity1 who underwent concurrent hepatic resection were excluded. Of the remaining @entity1 , 64 were determined to have disease that was be technically resectable and 37 unresectable as a result of @entity5 number and/or distribution. Median and 5-year survival of the potentially resectable group was 4.3years and 48.7%, compared to 2.2 years and 18.4% in the unresectable group (P = 0.002). Median disease-free survival in the resectable group was 15.0 months, compared to 16.4 months in the unresectable group (P = 0.796). No postoperative mortality was reported in the technically resectable group, and the rate of major complications was 3.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic RFA of resectable @entity14 can produce comparable long-term survival to hepatic resection in carefully selected @entity1 , with favorable morbidity and mortality.

title: Outcome after laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of technically resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'CRLM']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: The present study was planned to investigate differences in psychopathological features, eating behaviour and eating habits between @entity28 @entity1 with and without @entity18552 . It also aimed to identify specific relationships between affective symptoms and eating behaviour in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity18552 . Eighty-four @entity28 @entity1 were studied (40 with @entity18552 , 44 non- @entity18552 ). Psychiatric comorbidities were assessed with the @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ). @entity308 were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and @entity148 with the state-trait @entity148 inventory (STAI). Eating habits (emotional and restrained eating) were assessed by the Dutch eating behaviour questionnaire (DEBQ). Food diaries were used for assessing naturalistic eating behaviour (food intake) and mood before and after food intake. @entity18552 subjects exhibited higher levels of comorbidity (in particular @entity1316 , @entity148 and @entity734 ), higher @entity308 , trait @entity148 , external and emotional eating scores than non- @entity18552 subjects. Regression analyses revealed that @entity148 were significant predictors for @entity18552 status. In the @entity18552 group, @entity308 were significantly related to emotional eating and food intake and negatively related to restraint. @entity148 was significantly related to emotional eating. In general, food intake significantly enhanced mood. Mood was worse on the days with self-reported binge eating episodes than on nonbinge days. These results are discussed with regard to aetiological models for @entity18552 and for @entity18552 being a distinct diagnostic category separate from @entity28 .

title: Associations of negative affect and eating behaviour in XXXX @entity1 with and without binge eating disorder.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety and emotional eating', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance-related disorders']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'structured diagnostic interview for DSM-IV']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The present study was planned to investigate differences in psychopathological features, eating behaviour and eating habits between @entity28 @entity1 with and without @entity18552 . It also aimed to identify specific relationships between affective symptoms and eating behaviour in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity18552 . Eighty-four @entity28 @entity1 were studied (40 with @entity18552 , 44 non- @entity18552 ). Psychiatric comorbidities were assessed with the @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ). @entity308 were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and @entity148 with the state-trait @entity148 inventory (STAI). Eating habits (emotional and restrained eating) were assessed by the Dutch eating behaviour questionnaire (DEBQ). Food diaries were used for assessing naturalistic eating behaviour (food intake) and mood before and after food intake. @entity18552 subjects exhibited higher levels of comorbidity (in particular @entity1316 , @entity148 and @entity734 ), higher @entity308 , trait @entity148 , external and emotional eating scores than non- @entity18552 subjects. Regression analyses revealed that @entity148 were significant predictors for @entity18552 status. In the @entity18552 group, @entity308 were significantly related to emotional eating and food intake and negatively related to restraint. @entity148 was significantly related to emotional eating. In general, food intake significantly enhanced mood. Mood was worse on the days with self-reported binge eating episodes than on nonbinge days. These results are discussed with regard to aetiological models for @entity18552 and for @entity18552 being a distinct diagnostic category separate from @entity28 .

title: Associations of negative affect and eating behaviour in @entity28 XXXX with and without binge eating disorder.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Echocardiographic parameters could be implicated in the development of apical asynergy (characterized by apical sequestration or apical @entity439 ) and worse cardiovascular outcome in @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). HYPOTHESIS: Echocardiographic parameters and morphological patterns of left ventriculograms are associated with @entity65 and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1121 . METHODS: We followed 47 cases with echocardiographically documented @entity1121 . Echocardiographic findings of the extent and degree of @entity1184 , sustained cavity obliteration, and paradoxical diastolic jet flow were measured. All @entity1 underwent a cardiac catheterization except for the cases whose informed consent was not acquired. The clinical manifestations were assessed and recorded by the attending physicians during 35.4    23.7 months follow-up. RESULTS: Among the 47 @entity1 with @entity1121 , 30 @entity1 presented as the "pure" form and 17 @entity1 present as the "mixed" form. Seventeen of 28 @entity1 with sustained cavity obliteration showed paradoxical flow by echocardiography. Thirty-one underwent left ventriculograms and showed @entity154 , including "ace-of-spades" configuration (15/31), apical sequestration (12/31), and apical @entity439 (4/31). The results demonstrated that cardiovascular morbidities occurred in 21 of 47 @entity1 and were closely related to the presence of mixed form @entity1121 , cavity obliteration, and paradoxical flow by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. During the period of follow-up, 4 @entity1 (9.5%) died, and among them 3 had concomitant apical @entity439 . CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that detection of cavity obliteration and paradoxical flow and discrimination of pure form from mixed form by echocardiography, as well apical sequestration from apical @entity439 in @entity1121 @entity1 , is warranted.

title: Apical XXXX : correlations between echocardiographic parameters, angiographic left ventricular morphology, and clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['morphological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy', 'ApHCM']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity7391 and @entity20580 and their derivatives have critical functions and pharmacological applications in the brain. @entity2642 and nucleobases are precursors of @entity2036 , which serve as the energy-rich currency of intermediary metabolism and as precursors of nucleic acids. @entity2642 (e.g., @entity859 ) and @entity2036 are key signaling molecules that modulate brain function through interaction with cell surface receptors. @entity75 involving @entity2642 and their metabolites range from @entity179 and @entity146 conditions to @entity63 . @entity2353 analogs are used clinically in the treatment of @entity1313 and @entity1800 . @entity2642 are hydrophilic molecules, and transportability across cell membranes via specialized @entity2353 transporter (NT) proteins is a critical determinant of their metabolism and, for @entity2353 drugs, their pharmacologic actions. In mammals, there are two types of @entity2353 transport process: bidirectional equilibrative processes driven by chemical gradients, and unidirectional concentrative processes driven by @entity1372 (and proton) electrochemical gradients. In mammals, these processes, both of which are present in brain, are mediated by members of two structurally unrelated membrane protein families (ENT and CNT, respectively). In this Chapter, we review current knowledge of cellular, physiological, pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects of ENT and CNT distribution and function in the @entity1 brain, including studies with NT inhibitors and new research involving NT knockout and @entity19 . We also describe recent progress in functional and molecular studies of ENT and CNT proteins, and summarize emerging evidence of other transporter families with demonstrated or potential roles in the transport of @entity2642 and their derivatives in the brain.

title: Molecular biology of XXXX transporters and their distributions and functions in the brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity20580 :: ('MESH:D011684', 'Chemical') :: ['purine nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides', 'Nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['Nucleoside', 'nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain pathologies']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy to neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyrimidine']

answer: @entity2353 :: (CHEBI:33838,Chemical) :: ['nucleoside']


abstract: PURPOSE: Many techniques are available for closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of @entity6342 . The palm tree technique was described by Kapandji in 1989. In that technique three curved wires are inserted through one hole at the V-shaped insertion of the deltoid muscle. It is a good technique but it has some disadvantages. In this study we introduced some modifications for the technique, and we evaluated the clinical results of the modified technique in treatment of 18 cases. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with displaced @entity6342 were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous fixation with the palm tree technique after minor modifications. The age of the @entity1 ranged from 38 to 75 years with an average of 56 years. Eleven were females and seven were males. The @entity174 were two-part in 13 cases and three-part @entity174 in five cases. RESULTS: The average time of healing was seven weeks. The follow-up period ranged from 14 months to 39 months with an average of 22 months. The Constant score ranged from 45 to 88 with a mean of 73. The results were satisfactory in 77% and unsatisfactory in 23% of the cases. The complications included pin tract infection in two cases, intraarticular wire migration in one case, @entity39 around the wires in three cases and malunion with @entity85 in one case. No cases were complicated by @entity531 , loss of fixation or avascular @entity39 of the humeral head. CONCLUSIONS: The palm tree technique is a good method for fixation of @entity6342 . It produces good grip in both of the proximal and distal fragments and allows for @entity717 . Our modifications allow for easy insertion of the wires, increase the stability of fixation and minimize the risk of complications.

title: Results of the percutaneous pinning of proximal humerus XXXX with a modified palm tree technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['early joint movements']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['varus deformity']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To understand the current state of severe contact lens (CL)-associated @entity1036 in Japan. METHOD: The survey was conducted by the Japan Contact Lens Society and the Japanese Association for @entity5517 in 224 facilities from April 2007 to March 2009. @entity1 who were diagnosed with CL-associated @entity1036 and hospitalized for treatment were enrolled. Clinical characteristics of the @entity1036 , microbiologic findings and the status of CL hygiene were studied. RESULTS: A total of 350 @entity1 were investigated, with an average age of 28.0 (9-90) years. Acanthamoeba was identified in 85 (24.3%) corneal specimens and Pseudomonus aeruginosa in 70 (20.0%) cases. One hundred ninety six (56.0%) @entity1 were frequent replacement soft CL users. Extended wearing of daily-use CLs was found in 77 (22.0%) @entity1 . Only 67 cases maintained good CL hygiene by daily rubbing-washing and the poor CL care situation was reviewed. CONCLUSION: The most frequently detected pathogenic microorganism was Acanthamoeba, followed by Pseudomonus aeruginosa. Our survey showed the importance of keeping good CL hygiene by proper lens care, and improvement of CL-related social regulations is urgently needed.

title: [Survey of severe contact lens-associated XXXX in Japan].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular Infection']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['microbial keratitis', 'keratitis']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['microbial keratitis']


abstract: We report a paradoxical effect of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) observed in a 3-year-old @entity1 with cryptogenic localization-related @entity302 . On admission she experienced two types of @entity410 that were confirmed by ictal EEGs : @entity410 ( @entity410 ) originating from the left hemisphere and combined @entity410 that began with repetitive @entity410 immediately followed by a @entity38761 . These @entity410 did not possess asymmetrical features, but the ictal EEGs showed left-side dominant multiple spike-waves. The patent's interictal EEGs on admission showed left posterior temporal- parietal spikes during wakefulness and frequent diffuse spike-waves during sleep. In the process of introduction and increase in the dosage of @entity2052 , an aggravation of @entity302 discharges, especially a dramatic increase in diffuse spike-waves during sleep, was observed. In the same period of time, @entity410 not followed by @entity38761 newly appeared, and there was an increase in the frequency of @entity410 and combined @entity410 . Marked improvement of @entity302 discharges, namely the disappearance of diffuse discharges, and complete suppression of all types of @entity410 were achieved by the introduction of @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) along with the withdrawal of @entity2052 . During the clinical course, the @entity1 did not display any signs or symptoms of @entity2052 @entity198 , @entity1445 of @entity2052 or metabolic aberration. The paradoxical effect of @entity2050 in localization-related @entity302 is well-known, yet in this case, @entity2052 displayed a similar paradoxical effect. Additionally, @entity2050 was efficacious in the suppression of secondary bilateral synchrony on EEG and also successfully controlled @entity410 , combined @entity410 and @entity410 .

title: [Aggravation of @entity302 by XXXX in a @entity1 with cryptogenic localization-related @entity302 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['CPSs', 'seizures', 'complex partial seizures', 'myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate sodium']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproate sodium']