abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in cortical motor neuron excitability after @entity1897 , evoked spinal cord potentials (ESCPs) following hemispheric @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) were recorded in awake @entity1 with unilateral @entity2685 . METHODS: ESCPs following hemispheric @entity9808 were recorded in 6 @entity1 with unilateral complete type @entity2685 . Studies were performed within 6 months from the time of injury. ESCPs were recorded from posterior epidural space using catheter electrodes. Hemispheric @entity9808 was applied on the motor cortex using a figure-of-8 coil. The threshold of ESCPs following hemispheric @entity9808 was measured. The number, latency, and amplitude of ESCPs following high stimulus hemispheric @entity9808 were measured and compared. RESULTS: No significant change was observed in the threshold of ESCPs following @entity9808 contra-lateral to the injured upper limb compared to that following @entity9808 contra-lateral to the intact upper limb. Several ESCP components were recorded following high stimulus hemispheric @entity9808 . No significant changes were observed in comparison with number, latency and amplitude of ESCPs following high stimulus @entity9808 contra-lateral to the injured upper limb and those following @entity9808 contra-lateral to the intact upper limb. CONCLUSIONS: From a study of ESCPs following single @entity9808 , no evidence was obtained that cortical motor neuron excitability changes in @entity1 with traumatic unilateral @entity2685 at relatively early stages. We investigated the changes of cortical motor neuron excitability in @entity1 with @entity2685 from the ESCPs following @entity9808 . In single @entity9808 , our data gave no evidence for cortical excitability changes at relatively early stages.

title: Does cortical motor neuron excitability change in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve injury']


abstract: A clinicopathological study was undertaken in 15 cases of massive @entity99 after shock. The GOT and @entity6283 level exceeded 1000 units in 10 cases. The 15 cases consisted of 3 diagnosed as @entity879 clinically and 12 diagnosed as @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) or multiple systemic organ failure (MOF) from the unremarkableness of @entity409 . It was noteworthy that @entity295 and surgery were closely associated with these lesions. The weight of the liver at autopsy ranged from 800 to 2,700 g. @entity409 was macroscopically characterized by clear demarcation of the @entity39 areas sharply separated from the surrounding @entity409 , showing the appearance of so-called "map-like @entity39 ". Microscopically, the lesions in these subjects showed mainly the pattern of centrilobular @entity39 . As observed in the @entity1457 case (case 12), the shock which provoked in different phases of time seemed to have repeated its attack. These liver necroses were considered to result from severe systemic circulatory disturbance or intrahepatic circulatory disturbance. The possibility is indicated that the generalized or univisceral Shwartzman reaction, and repeated and combined severe shock participated in the pathogenesis. Fibrin thrombi aggrevate tissue perfusion and accelerate @entity519 . Heparin therapy seemed effective in these cases if administered at an appropriate time.

title: Fatal XXXX after shock.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['burn shock']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver necrosis', 'liver parenchyma', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic necrosis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic necrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Essentials Molecular diagnostics has improved the differentiation of acute @entity9818 ( @entity9818 ). @entity1381 may have features mimicking @entity2106 . We identified novel complement mutations and a high incidence of @entity806 , with favorable long term outcomes. Complement mutation analysis in @entity9818 where the diagnosis is unclear and @entity2105 activity is >10%. SUMMARY: Background Differentiation of acute @entity9818 ( @entity9818 ) at presentation has historically been dependent on clinical parameters. Confirmation of @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ) is increasingly reliant on demonstrating deficient @entity2105 activity. The identification of alternative complement pathway abnormalities in @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ), along with the proven efficacy of terminal complement inhibitors in treatment, has increased the need for rapid differentiation of @entity2106 from @entity1381 . Objectives We describe the clinical phenotype and nature of complement mutations in a cohort of @entity1381 @entity1 referred as acute @entity9818 . @entity1 /methods Fourteen consecutive @entity1381 @entity1 were screened for mutations in C3, @entity806 , @entity4050 , @entity8892 , and CFB, as well as @entity4050 ( @entity4050 ) antibodies. All @entity1381 @entity1 had @entity2105 activity > 10%. Results Of 14 @entity1381 @entity1 , 11 (79%) had platelet counts < 30 * 10(9) /L during the acute phase. Median presenting @entity1011 level was 295  mol L(-1) , while five (36%) of 14 presented with a serum @entity1011 level < 200  mol L(-1) . Alternative complement pathway mutations were detected in 9 (64%) of 14 @entity1 , including @entity806 mutations in five (36%) of 14 @entity1 . @entity1 were identified with novel mutations in CFB and C3 that have not been previously reported. Conclusions We demonstrate that diagnostic differentiation based on platelet count and renal function is insufficient to predict an underlying complement mutation in some @entity1381 cases. Specifically, we demonstrate a high frequency of functionally significant @entity806 mutations which may mimic @entity2106 . @entity2105 activity > 10% in a @entity1 with a @entity9818 should necessitate genetic screening for @entity465 .

title: The role of XXXX activity and complement mutational analysis in differentiating acute @entity9818 .

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['TMA', 'thrombotic microangiopathy', 'thrombotic microangiopathys', 'TMAs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complement abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['aHUS', 'Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

answer: @entity2105 :: (11093,Gene) :: ['ADAMTS-13']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Essentials Molecular diagnostics has improved the differentiation of acute @entity9818 ( @entity9818 ). @entity1381 may have features mimicking @entity2106 . We identified novel complement mutations and a high incidence of @entity806 , with favorable long term outcomes. Complement mutation analysis in @entity9818 where the diagnosis is unclear and @entity2105 activity is >10%. SUMMARY: Background Differentiation of acute @entity9818 ( @entity9818 ) at presentation has historically been dependent on clinical parameters. Confirmation of @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ) is increasingly reliant on demonstrating deficient @entity2105 activity. The identification of alternative complement pathway abnormalities in @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ), along with the proven efficacy of terminal complement inhibitors in treatment, has increased the need for rapid differentiation of @entity2106 from @entity1381 . Objectives We describe the clinical phenotype and nature of complement mutations in a cohort of @entity1381 @entity1 referred as acute @entity9818 . @entity1 /methods Fourteen consecutive @entity1381 @entity1 were screened for mutations in C3, @entity806 , @entity4050 , @entity8892 , and CFB, as well as @entity4050 ( @entity4050 ) antibodies. All @entity1381 @entity1 had @entity2105 activity > 10%. Results Of 14 @entity1381 @entity1 , 11 (79%) had platelet counts < 30 * 10(9) /L during the acute phase. Median presenting @entity1011 level was 295  mol L(-1) , while five (36%) of 14 presented with a serum @entity1011 level < 200  mol L(-1) . Alternative complement pathway mutations were detected in 9 (64%) of 14 @entity1 , including @entity806 mutations in five (36%) of 14 @entity1 . @entity1 were identified with novel mutations in CFB and C3 that have not been previously reported. Conclusions We demonstrate that diagnostic differentiation based on platelet count and renal function is insufficient to predict an underlying complement mutation in some @entity1381 cases. Specifically, we demonstrate a high frequency of functionally significant @entity806 mutations which may mimic @entity2106 . @entity2105 activity > 10% in a @entity1 with a @entity9818 should necessitate genetic screening for @entity465 .

title: The role of @entity2105 activity and complement mutational analysis in differentiating acute XXXX .

answer: @entity9818 :: (MESH:D057049,Disease) :: ['thrombotic microangiopathies']


abstract: @entity5126 therapy is one of the most common causes of the acquired @entity1162 and @entity1166 . In reviewing clinical data in 24 @entity1 with the @entity5126 -associated @entity1162 , 20 of whom had @entity1166 , we have delineated several heretofore unreported or underemphasized features. (1) This adverse drug reaction occurred either in @entity1 who were being treated for frequent nonsustained @entity943 or for @entity955 or flutter. (2) In @entity1 being treated for @entity955 , @entity1166 occurred only after conversion to sinus rhythm. (3) Although most @entity1 developed the syndrome within days of starting @entity5126 , four had @entity1166 during long-term @entity5126 therapy, usually in association with @entity1371 . (4) Because of the large experience with this entity at our institution, we have been able to estimate the risk as at least 1.5% per year. (5) Twenty of the 24 @entity1 had at least one major, easily identifiable, associated risk factor including serum @entity972 below 3.5 mEq/L (four); serum @entity972 between 3.5 and 3.9 mEq/L (nine); high-grade @entity713 (four); and marked underlying, (unrecognized) @entity1162 (two). Plasma @entity5126 concentrations were low, being at or below the lower limit of the therapeutic range in half of @entity1 . The ECG features typically included absence of marked QRS widening, marked @entity1162 (by definition), and a stereotypic series of cycle length changes just prior to the onset of @entity1166 . @entity1166 started after the T wave of a markedly prolonged QT interval that followed a cycle that had been markedly prolonged (usually by a post ectopic pause).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Incidence and clinical features of the XXXX -associated @entity1162 : implications for @entity1 care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsade de pointes', 'Torsade de pointes']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinidine', 'quinidine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long QT syndrome', 'QT prolongation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity5126 :: (MESH:D011802,Chemical) :: ['quinidine']


abstract: @entity5126 therapy is one of the most common causes of the acquired @entity1162 and @entity1166 . In reviewing clinical data in 24 @entity1 with the @entity5126 -associated @entity1162 , 20 of whom had @entity1166 , we have delineated several heretofore unreported or underemphasized features. (1) This adverse drug reaction occurred either in @entity1 who were being treated for frequent nonsustained @entity943 or for @entity955 or flutter. (2) In @entity1 being treated for @entity955 , @entity1166 occurred only after conversion to sinus rhythm. (3) Although most @entity1 developed the syndrome within days of starting @entity5126 , four had @entity1166 during long-term @entity5126 therapy, usually in association with @entity1371 . (4) Because of the large experience with this entity at our institution, we have been able to estimate the risk as at least 1.5% per year. (5) Twenty of the 24 @entity1 had at least one major, easily identifiable, associated risk factor including serum @entity972 below 3.5 mEq/L (four); serum @entity972 between 3.5 and 3.9 mEq/L (nine); high-grade @entity713 (four); and marked underlying, (unrecognized) @entity1162 (two). Plasma @entity5126 concentrations were low, being at or below the lower limit of the therapeutic range in half of @entity1 . The ECG features typically included absence of marked QRS widening, marked @entity1162 (by definition), and a stereotypic series of cycle length changes just prior to the onset of @entity1166 . @entity1166 started after the T wave of a markedly prolonged QT interval that followed a cycle that had been markedly prolonged (usually by a post ectopic pause).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Incidence and clinical features of the @entity5126 -associated XXXX : implications for @entity1 care.

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['long QT syndrome']


abstract: @entity5126 therapy is one of the most common causes of the acquired @entity1162 and @entity1166 . In reviewing clinical data in 24 @entity1 with the @entity5126 -associated @entity1162 , 20 of whom had @entity1166 , we have delineated several heretofore unreported or underemphasized features. (1) This adverse drug reaction occurred either in @entity1 who were being treated for frequent nonsustained @entity943 or for @entity955 or flutter. (2) In @entity1 being treated for @entity955 , @entity1166 occurred only after conversion to sinus rhythm. (3) Although most @entity1 developed the syndrome within days of starting @entity5126 , four had @entity1166 during long-term @entity5126 therapy, usually in association with @entity1371 . (4) Because of the large experience with this entity at our institution, we have been able to estimate the risk as at least 1.5% per year. (5) Twenty of the 24 @entity1 had at least one major, easily identifiable, associated risk factor including serum @entity972 below 3.5 mEq/L (four); serum @entity972 between 3.5 and 3.9 mEq/L (nine); high-grade @entity713 (four); and marked underlying, (unrecognized) @entity1162 (two). Plasma @entity5126 concentrations were low, being at or below the lower limit of the therapeutic range in half of @entity1 . The ECG features typically included absence of marked QRS widening, marked @entity1162 (by definition), and a stereotypic series of cycle length changes just prior to the onset of @entity1166 . @entity1166 started after the T wave of a markedly prolonged QT interval that followed a cycle that had been markedly prolonged (usually by a post ectopic pause).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Incidence and clinical features of the @entity5126 -associated @entity1162 : implications for XXXX care.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The pattern of left ventricular diastolic filling in @entity1 with @entity340 ( @entity472 ) as assessed by gated blood pool scintigraphy has received little attention. Twenty-one normal @entity1 (group 1), 24 @entity1 with significant @entity472 and ejection fractions of 50% or more (group 2) and 15 @entity1 with significant @entity472 and ejection fractions less than 50% (group 3) were studied. From the time-activity curve, the peak filling rate and mean filling rate (as end-diastolic volumes [EDV]/s) and percent @entity64 volume filled at first third of diastole and at the end of the rapid filling period were determined. Group 2 had a reduced peak filling rate (2.58 +/- 0.65 EDV/s, p less than 0.05) compared with group 1 (3.11 +/- 0.65 EDV/s). Similarly, the percent @entity64 volume filled at the end of the rapid filling period was reduced in group 2. Group 3 @entity1 had a lower peak filling rate and mean filling rate than group 1 @entity1 . However, percent @entity64 volume filled at first third of diastole and percent @entity64 volume filled at the end of the rapid filling period were greater in group 3 than in group 1. Two distinct patterns of diastolic filling were noted in @entity1 with @entity472 . Group 2 @entity1 had reduced peak filling rates with less diastolic filling during the rapid filling period. Although the peak filling rate was reduced in group 3, more complete filling occurred during the rapid filling period.

title: Left ventricular diastolic filling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular aortic stenosis']


abstract: A 19-yr-old @entity1 ingested 25 g of @entity1443 in a suicide attempt. Twenty-one hours after the ingestion the plasma @entity1443 level was potentially hepatoxic at 62 micrograms/ml. The toxicology screen was negative for all other drugs. Thirty-six hours after admission the @entity1 developed an acute abdomen with a serum amylase of 1500 IU. Peritoneal lavage revealed a grossly hemorrhagic fluid. Exploratory laparotomy revealed @entity788 . Hepatoxicity with the peak SGOT greater than 2000 IU and a mild @entity8 with the @entity1011 of 1.9 mg/dl occurred despite late initiation of treatment with @entity898 . No other etiology for the @entity788 was found. Peritoneal irrigation was continuously performed through a surgically placed dialysis catheter. @entity788 associated with @entity1443 @entity1445 has been reported twice in the past. Although the pathophysiology of the @entity660 is obscure, the lack of other etiological factors and temporal association of the @entity788 with @entity1443 -induced @entity99 suggest a causal relationship.

title: Hemorrhagic pancreatitis associated with XXXX @entity1445 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis', 'necrotic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['n-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic and renal toxicity']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: A 19-yr-old @entity1 ingested 25 g of @entity1443 in a suicide attempt. Twenty-one hours after the ingestion the plasma @entity1443 level was potentially hepatoxic at 62 micrograms/ml. The toxicology screen was negative for all other drugs. Thirty-six hours after admission the @entity1 developed an acute abdomen with a serum amylase of 1500 IU. Peritoneal lavage revealed a grossly hemorrhagic fluid. Exploratory laparotomy revealed @entity788 . Hepatoxicity with the peak SGOT greater than 2000 IU and a mild @entity8 with the @entity1011 of 1.9 mg/dl occurred despite late initiation of treatment with @entity898 . No other etiology for the @entity788 was found. Peritoneal irrigation was continuously performed through a surgically placed dialysis catheter. @entity788 associated with @entity1443 @entity1445 has been reported twice in the past. Although the pathophysiology of the @entity660 is obscure, the lack of other etiological factors and temporal association of the @entity788 with @entity1443 -induced @entity99 suggest a causal relationship.

title: Hemorrhagic pancreatitis associated with @entity1443 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1445 :: (MESH:D062787,Disease) :: ['overdose']


abstract: @entity263 is disease in which the mortality rate is highly variable among populations. An increasing risk with migratory changes suggests that some environmental factor or factors influence @entity263 risk. It is well established that the prostate is hormonally influenced. Carcinogenesis is a process of malignant transformation evolving over time, involving cellular growth and division. There is evidence suggesting that androgenic influences over a period time encourages the process of prostate carcinogenesis. Studies of prostate biology support the concept that @entity586 is the principal @entity342 responsible for both normal and hyperplastic growth of the prostate gland. It may be that @entity342 causes prostate carcinogenesis. Suppression of @entity586 synthesis may inhibit @entity4383 . Some preclinical and clinical observations support this hypothesis. A placebo controlled randomized trial using @entity585 , an inhibitor of @entity10831 , the enzyme that converts @entity251 to @entity586 , is ongoing. The endpoint of this trial is reduction of @entity263 incidence.

title: Hormonal prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenic transformation']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac troponins T ( @entity10020 ) and I ( @entity6949 ) are proven diagnostic and risk stratification biomarkers in @entity1 with @entity1187 . To date, no immunohistochemical studies have been performed which allow visualization of the time course and pattern of myocardial troponin egress from the myocardium during the early evolution of @entity63 in experimental systems. METHODS: We studied archival @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded myocardium from 50 experimental animals ( @entity235 , @entity1707 and @entity35 ) that had undergone permanent @entity1563 (n = 34) for 0.5-6 h or occlusion of 0.75-6 h followed by reperfusion (n = 16). Histologic sections that included @entity63 and nonischemic myocardium were studied by immunohistochemistry with three different antibodies to @entity1 @entity6949 and one to @entity10020 , using a standard avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase system. RESULTS: All antibodies detected @entity10020 or @entity6949 in normal myocardium and its loss from @entity39 , in some cases as early as 30 min after @entity1563 , before histologic evidence of @entity39 was present. Loss was nonuniform, being greater at the periphery of the @entity1188 then at their central regions. Usually, loss of @entity10020 appeared greater than loss of @entity6949 . With reperfusion, findings were similar to those after permanent occlusion, except that there was a greater contrast between loss at the periphery compared to the loss in the central region. Considerable residual staining persisted for hours after occlusion, indicating delayed release over time, concordant with sustained serum elevations in @entity1 with @entity583 . No loss of staining was observed in nonnecrotic myocardium. CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical staining using antibodies to @entity1 @entity10020 and @entity6949 can be used to visualize cardiac troponins and document their loss in histologic sections of myocardium in different animal species. Loss of @entity10020 and @entity6949 occurs very early following @entity63 and may precede histologic evidence of @entity39 , but does not occur in myocardium that is not necrotic. Immunohistochemical staining of hearts for @entity10020 and @entity6949 can assist in the often difficult recognition of @entity296 at autopsy, in @entity1 suspected of dying from acute @entity741 .

title: Myocardial tissue troponins T and I. An immunohistochemical study in experimental models of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic myocardium', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: To test the hypothesis that @entity172 alter insulin action, we evaluated the effects of intravenous conjugated @entity172 (CE) on insulin-stimulated steady-state @entity413 infusion rate (SSGIR) and suppression of plasma @entity653 in postmenopausal @entity1 (mean +/- SD; 56 +/- 4 yr; n = 12) not using hormone replacement. SSGIR and @entity653 were measured during a two-stage (8 and 40 mU. m-2. @entity1009 ) hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp on 2 days, with or without a 2.5-mg intravenous CE bolus. Serum @entity53 concentrations were increased approximately 200% on the @entity172 (EST) compared with the control (CON) days. Serum insulin was reduced (P < 0.01) during stage 2 of the clamp for EST (63.3 +/- 12.8 micro U/ml) vs. CON (78.2 +/- 15.8 micro U/ml). Mean SSGIR and plasma @entity653 did not differ between CON and EST days. With adjustment for differences in insulin concentration between conditions, stage 2 @entity413 disposals were significantly higher (8.63 vs. 7.20 mg. kg-1. @entity1009 ) and plasma @entity653 concentrations were significantly lower (29.4 vs. 35.0 micro mol/l) for EST vs. CON. Our findings suggest that acute CE administration increases insulin clearance and action in postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Intravenous XXXX increase insulin clearance and action in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogens']


abstract: To test the hypothesis that @entity172 alter insulin action, we evaluated the effects of intravenous conjugated @entity172 (CE) on insulin-stimulated steady-state @entity413 infusion rate (SSGIR) and suppression of plasma @entity653 in postmenopausal @entity1 (mean +/- SD; 56 +/- 4 yr; n = 12) not using hormone replacement. SSGIR and @entity653 were measured during a two-stage (8 and 40 mU. m-2. @entity1009 ) hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp on 2 days, with or without a 2.5-mg intravenous CE bolus. Serum @entity53 concentrations were increased approximately 200% on the @entity172 (EST) compared with the control (CON) days. Serum insulin was reduced (P < 0.01) during stage 2 of the clamp for EST (63.3 +/- 12.8 micro U/ml) vs. CON (78.2 +/- 15.8 micro U/ml). Mean SSGIR and plasma @entity653 did not differ between CON and EST days. With adjustment for differences in insulin concentration between conditions, stage 2 @entity413 disposals were significantly higher (8.63 vs. 7.20 mg. kg-1. @entity1009 ) and plasma @entity653 concentrations were significantly lower (29.4 vs. 35.0 micro mol/l) for EST vs. CON. Our findings suggest that acute CE administration increases insulin clearance and action in postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Intravenous @entity172 increase insulin clearance and action in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic value of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-D and @entity319 ( @entity319 )-3 in @entity1204 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We assessed the levels of immunoreactivity for @entity9205 and @entity7802 in 71 @entity1204 , 14 complex atypical @entity1869 , and 16 normal endometria by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9205 was stained in both @entity5 cells and adjacent stromal cells. @entity7802 was stained in both @entity5 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Immunoreactivity for @entity9205 in @entity5 cells and adjacent stromal cells became significantly stronger as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity189 . Similarly, immunoreactivity for @entity7802 in @entity5 cells and adjacent endothelial cells was significantly greater as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity189 . A strong correlation was found between high levels of @entity9205 immunoreactivity in @entity189 cells and @entity7802 in both @entity189 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Similarly, high levels of @entity9205 immunoreactivity in stromal cells were significantly correlated with those of @entity7802 in both @entity189 cells and endothelial cells. High levels of @entity9205 in @entity189 cells and stromal cells, as well as those of @entity7802 in @entity189 cells and endothelial cells, were significantly related to @entity3 and lymph node @entity3 . A strong correlation was found between poor survival and high levels of @entity9205 in both @entity189 cells and stromal cells and between poor survival and high levels of @entity7802 in @entity189 cells. Moreover, the high levels of @entity9205 in stromal cells and @entity7802 in @entity189 cells were independent prognostic factors in @entity1204 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity9205 and @entity7802 in @entity1204 may predict @entity3 and lymph node @entity3 and may prospectively identify @entity1 who are at increased risk for poor outcome. In addition, @entity9205 and @entity7802 may be promising targets for new therapeutic strategies in @entity1204 .

title: Expression of XXXX ( @entity7 )-D and its receptor, @entity319 3, as a prognostic factor in @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFR', 'VEGF receptor']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic value of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-D and @entity319 ( @entity319 )-3 in @entity1204 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We assessed the levels of immunoreactivity for @entity9205 and @entity7802 in 71 @entity1204 , 14 complex atypical @entity1869 , and 16 normal endometria by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9205 was stained in both @entity5 cells and adjacent stromal cells. @entity7802 was stained in both @entity5 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Immunoreactivity for @entity9205 in @entity5 cells and adjacent stromal cells became significantly stronger as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity189 . Similarly, immunoreactivity for @entity7802 in @entity5 cells and adjacent endothelial cells was significantly greater as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity189 . A strong correlation was found between high levels of @entity9205 immunoreactivity in @entity189 cells and @entity7802 in both @entity189 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Similarly, high levels of @entity9205 immunoreactivity in stromal cells were significantly correlated with those of @entity7802 in both @entity189 cells and endothelial cells. High levels of @entity9205 in @entity189 cells and stromal cells, as well as those of @entity7802 in @entity189 cells and endothelial cells, were significantly related to @entity3 and lymph node @entity3 . A strong correlation was found between poor survival and high levels of @entity9205 in both @entity189 cells and stromal cells and between poor survival and high levels of @entity7802 in @entity189 cells. Moreover, the high levels of @entity9205 in stromal cells and @entity7802 in @entity189 cells were independent prognostic factors in @entity1204 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity9205 and @entity7802 in @entity1204 may predict @entity3 and lymph node @entity3 and may prospectively identify @entity1 who are at increased risk for poor outcome. In addition, @entity9205 and @entity7802 may be promising targets for new therapeutic strategies in @entity1204 .

title: Expression of @entity7 ( XXXX )-D and its receptor, @entity319 3, as a prognostic factor in @entity1204 .

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic value of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-D and @entity319 ( @entity319 )-3 in @entity1204 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We assessed the levels of immunoreactivity for @entity9205 and @entity7802 in 71 @entity1204 , 14 complex atypical @entity1869 , and 16 normal endometria by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9205 was stained in both @entity5 cells and adjacent stromal cells. @entity7802 was stained in both @entity5 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Immunoreactivity for @entity9205 in @entity5 cells and adjacent stromal cells became significantly stronger as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity189 . Similarly, immunoreactivity for @entity7802 in @entity5 cells and adjacent endothelial cells was significantly greater as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity189 . A strong correlation was found between high levels of @entity9205 immunoreactivity in @entity189 cells and @entity7802 in both @entity189 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Similarly, high levels of @entity9205 immunoreactivity in stromal cells were significantly correlated with those of @entity7802 in both @entity189 cells and endothelial cells. High levels of @entity9205 in @entity189 cells and stromal cells, as well as those of @entity7802 in @entity189 cells and endothelial cells, were significantly related to @entity3 and lymph node @entity3 . A strong correlation was found between poor survival and high levels of @entity9205 in both @entity189 cells and stromal cells and between poor survival and high levels of @entity7802 in @entity189 cells. Moreover, the high levels of @entity9205 in stromal cells and @entity7802 in @entity189 cells were independent prognostic factors in @entity1204 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity9205 and @entity7802 in @entity1204 may predict @entity3 and lymph node @entity3 and may prospectively identify @entity1 who are at increased risk for poor outcome. In addition, @entity9205 and @entity7802 may be promising targets for new therapeutic strategies in @entity1204 .

title: Expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-D and its receptor, XXXX 3, as a prognostic factor in @entity1204 .

answer: @entity319 :: (3791,Gene) :: ['VEGF receptor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic value of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-D and @entity319 ( @entity319 )-3 in @entity1204 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We assessed the levels of immunoreactivity for @entity9205 and @entity7802 in 71 @entity1204 , 14 complex atypical @entity1869 , and 16 normal endometria by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9205 was stained in both @entity5 cells and adjacent stromal cells. @entity7802 was stained in both @entity5 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Immunoreactivity for @entity9205 in @entity5 cells and adjacent stromal cells became significantly stronger as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity189 . Similarly, immunoreactivity for @entity7802 in @entity5 cells and adjacent endothelial cells was significantly greater as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity189 . A strong correlation was found between high levels of @entity9205 immunoreactivity in @entity189 cells and @entity7802 in both @entity189 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Similarly, high levels of @entity9205 immunoreactivity in stromal cells were significantly correlated with those of @entity7802 in both @entity189 cells and endothelial cells. High levels of @entity9205 in @entity189 cells and stromal cells, as well as those of @entity7802 in @entity189 cells and endothelial cells, were significantly related to @entity3 and lymph node @entity3 . A strong correlation was found between poor survival and high levels of @entity9205 in both @entity189 cells and stromal cells and between poor survival and high levels of @entity7802 in @entity189 cells. Moreover, the high levels of @entity9205 in stromal cells and @entity7802 in @entity189 cells were independent prognostic factors in @entity1204 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity9205 and @entity7802 in @entity1204 may predict @entity3 and lymph node @entity3 and may prospectively identify @entity1 who are at increased risk for poor outcome. In addition, @entity9205 and @entity7802 may be promising targets for new therapeutic strategies in @entity1204 .

title: Expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-D and its receptor, @entity319 3, as a prognostic factor in XXXX .

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: From 1980 to 1984, 72 @entity1 with @entity5818 were treated by anterior acromioplasty before they developed rotator cuff tears. Follow-up evaluations averaged 23 months (range, five to 48 months). The average age was 42 years (range, 23-61 years). Preoperatively, 80% of the @entity1 had @entity158 at rest; the other 20% complained of @entity158 during moderate activity. At the time of follow-up examination, 89% showed significant improvement, while 11% remained unchanged. Thirty-seven percent of the @entity1 had varying degrees of @entity425 preoperatively; of these, 71% were improved, 21% were unchanged, and 8% had a further decrease in the range of motion postoperatively. The results indicate that anterior acromioplasty is an excellent procedure for relief of @entity158 due to impingement. Additionally, beneficial results were obtained in range of motion and muscle strength. In only a few select cases was lateral clavicle excision or tenodesis of the long head of the biceps necessary. Caution is advised in allowing return to strenuous activity unless the @entity1 has recovered adequate strength in the cuff musculature.

title: XXXX . A review of late stage II and early stage III lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['impingement syndrome']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

answer: @entity5818 :: (MESH:D019534,Disease) :: ['Impingement syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although acceleration of plasma @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) level after emergent coronary angioplasty in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) has been documented, its pathophysiologic role is still unknown. HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to elucidate the role of @entity2289 in the development of @entity256 after primary coronary stenting in @entity583 . METHODS: We selected for this study 66 @entity1 with @entity583 , who underwent primary coronary stenting for @entity37706 in an emergent situation. In all @entity1 , plasma @entity2289 level was measured at admission, and at 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 1 month after coronary stenting. RESULTS: At admission, the @entity2289 level was equivalent in 24 @entity1 who experienced @entity256 and in 42 @entity1 without @entity256 (28 +/- 4 vs. 29 +/- 4 ng/ml). In @entity1 with @entity256 , the levels did not change during the course after coronary stenting. In @entity1 without @entity256 , however, the level significantly increased at 3 h (48 +/- 9 ng/ml, p < 0.001), 24 h (42 +/- 9, p < 0.01), and 48 h (38 +/- 7, p < 0.05) after coronary stenting, and was restored to the level equivalent to that at admission (27 +/- 2 ng/ml) I month aftercoronary stenting. The @entity2289 level at 3 h after coronary stenting in @entity1 without @entity256 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the level (33 +/- 6 ng/ml) in @entity1 with @entity256 . Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the @entity2289 level 3 h after coronary stenting was an independent predictor of @entity256 (Wald chi2 = 3.826, p = 0.019, odds ratio 0.921, 95% confidence interval 0.866-0.961). CONCLUSION: Accelerated @entity2289 after coronary stenting in @entity1 with @entity583 may protect against the development of late @entity256 .

title: Accelerated plasminogen activator inhibitor may prevent late XXXX after coronary stenting in @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1', 'PA-1']

entities_list: @entity37706 :: ('MESH:C564258', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related coronary artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although acceleration of plasma @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) level after emergent coronary angioplasty in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) has been documented, its pathophysiologic role is still unknown. HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to elucidate the role of @entity2289 in the development of @entity256 after primary coronary stenting in @entity583 . METHODS: We selected for this study 66 @entity1 with @entity583 , who underwent primary coronary stenting for @entity37706 in an emergent situation. In all @entity1 , plasma @entity2289 level was measured at admission, and at 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 1 month after coronary stenting. RESULTS: At admission, the @entity2289 level was equivalent in 24 @entity1 who experienced @entity256 and in 42 @entity1 without @entity256 (28 +/- 4 vs. 29 +/- 4 ng/ml). In @entity1 with @entity256 , the levels did not change during the course after coronary stenting. In @entity1 without @entity256 , however, the level significantly increased at 3 h (48 +/- 9 ng/ml, p < 0.001), 24 h (42 +/- 9, p < 0.01), and 48 h (38 +/- 7, p < 0.05) after coronary stenting, and was restored to the level equivalent to that at admission (27 +/- 2 ng/ml) I month aftercoronary stenting. The @entity2289 level at 3 h after coronary stenting in @entity1 without @entity256 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the level (33 +/- 6 ng/ml) in @entity1 with @entity256 . Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the @entity2289 level 3 h after coronary stenting was an independent predictor of @entity256 (Wald chi2 = 3.826, p = 0.019, odds ratio 0.921, 95% confidence interval 0.866-0.961). CONCLUSION: Accelerated @entity2289 after coronary stenting in @entity1 with @entity583 may protect against the development of late @entity256 .

title: Accelerated plasminogen activator inhibitor may prevent late @entity256 after coronary stenting in XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity384 is a moderately common syndrome resulting from many causes, many of which are yet to be defined. The syndrome is relatively easy to diagnose in its late congestive stage if @entity340 , @entity101 , and gross @entity583 are absent. However, it should be suspected in @entity1 with undiagnosed @entity662 , in @entity1 whose severe @entity943 has no obvious cause, and in any @entity1 with demonstrable @entity2554 or systolic malfunction. It may follow @entity281 , especially viral ones and is found in many @entity942 , especially @entity6 . Repeated episodes of @entity951 due to @entity66 may result in myocardial "stunning" with ultimate dilation and failure. Microvascular @entity2473 or occlusion may be etiologically important. @entity384 may be a manifestation of toxins, with @entity1068 being the most important. Immune mechanisms may play a major role, either independently or in connection with other factors. Early diagnosis may be made with the help of echocardiography, radionuclide angiography, and even coronary arteriography. Gallium scan may be helpful, and if positive myocardial biopsy is indicated. Therapy includes classic measures for congestive failure if it is present: cardiac glycosides, diuretics, antiarrhythmics, and anticoagulants. There is evidence that vasodilators, @entity460 channel blockers, and beta-adrenergic blockers may be helpful for both general and specific reasons, but these should be used with care. @entity229 and @entity500 may help if there is an inflammatory component. Cardiac replacement remains an ultimate measure.

title: XXXX : current concepts.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial disease']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency diseases']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity1643 is the fifth most common reason for physician visits. Multiple treatment options are available, but not all physicians and @entity1 are satisfied with the results. This study evaluated treatment outcomes from @entity1 ' perspectives using standardized measures. METHODS: 368 @entity1 with @entity1643 were enrolled in the study. Only 128 @entity1 (35%) completed all 4 health outcome questionnaires (administered at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year). RESULTS: Most @entity1 reported improved health at 1-year follow-up,, with the most significant gains achieved by 3 months. However, 40% were not satisfied with their outcome. @entity1 with @entity1643 scored lower on health outcome measures than @entity1 without radicular symptoms. CONCLUSION: A sizeable percentage of @entity1 with @entity1643 progress to chronic @entity158 despite therapeutic intervention. @entity1 with @entity614 may require nonstandard treatment to avoid unfavorable outcomes.

title: Treatment of XXXX in Wisconsin: results of the State Medical Society's Medical Outcomes Research Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'radicular low back pain', 'acute low back pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['acute low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present our recent experience in the management of @entity546 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We present 21 cases of @entity546 managed at the two Federal-owned tertiary hospitals in two neighbouring states in south-west Nigeria between 2001 and 2011. The diagnosis was based mainly on a clinical evaluation. The treatment was surgical in @entity1 who presented within 2  weeks of the @entity174 . The emphasis during the follow-up was on erectile function and micturition. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 presented within 48  h, two presented after a week, while two reported months later with penile deviation. The mean age of the @entity1 was 26.4  years. The cause of @entity174 was sexual intercourse in 11 (52%) @entity1 and forceful manipulation of the erect penis in 10 (48%). Thirteen (62%) of all @entity130 occurred in the last 2  years of the study, of which eight @entity1 were injured during rear entry with the @entity1 on top (reverse coital) position. Six of the @entity1 with reverse @entity130 reported trying the position after watching it on the Internet, specifically on their cellular phones. Eighteen @entity1 had surgical treatment, with a satisfactory outcome. Two of the other three @entity1 had penile deviation during erection. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and causes of @entity546 appear to have changed drastically over the last 2  years in our environment. The rapid demographic changes in south-west Nigeria are probably responsible. There appears to be a relationship between the cause of @entity174 and the use of the Internet, although that might be coincidental. Surgical repair, irrespective of the delay before intervention, usually offers a satisfactory outcome.

title: Increase in XXXX of the penis in south-west Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'coital injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of @entity9940 and @entity31503 as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones. @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 112 @entity1 with ureteric stones of    10  mm, located along the ureter, were randomly divided into three groups. In group I, 32 @entity1 received no a-blockers (controls), in group II 40 @entity1 received @entity9940 0.4  mg daily, and in group III 40 @entity1 received @entity31503 10  mg daily. All @entity1 were given analgesia and antibiotics when indicated. The follow-up was weekly for 4  weeks. RESULTS: The mean stone size and age were comparable in the three groups. The stone expulsion rate was 44%, 85% and 75% in groups I, II and III, respectively. Half of the stones in group II passed within 2  weeks, half in group III passed within 3  weeks, while more than half of the stones in group I did not pass even after 4  weeks. The mean number of @entity158 episodes was 2.45, 1.38 and 1.64 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The drug-related side-effects reported by @entity1 were mild and transient. CONCLUSION: The use of @entity9940 or @entity31503 as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones in the three sections of the ureter (upper, middle and lower) was safe and effective, as shown by the increased overall stone expulsion rate, reduced stone expulsion time and fewer @entity158 episodes. @entity9940 was associated with a greater rate of stone expulsion than was @entity31503 .

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity9940 vs. XXXX as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity31503 :: ('MESH:C047638', 'Chemical') :: ['alfuzosin']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamsulosin', 'tamsulosin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity31503 :: (MESH:C047638,Chemical) :: ['alfuzosin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of @entity9940 and @entity31503 as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones. @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 112 @entity1 with ureteric stones of    10  mm, located along the ureter, were randomly divided into three groups. In group I, 32 @entity1 received no a-blockers (controls), in group II 40 @entity1 received @entity9940 0.4  mg daily, and in group III 40 @entity1 received @entity31503 10  mg daily. All @entity1 were given analgesia and antibiotics when indicated. The follow-up was weekly for 4  weeks. RESULTS: The mean stone size and age were comparable in the three groups. The stone expulsion rate was 44%, 85% and 75% in groups I, II and III, respectively. Half of the stones in group II passed within 2  weeks, half in group III passed within 3  weeks, while more than half of the stones in group I did not pass even after 4  weeks. The mean number of @entity158 episodes was 2.45, 1.38 and 1.64 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The drug-related side-effects reported by @entity1 were mild and transient. CONCLUSION: The use of @entity9940 or @entity31503 as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones in the three sections of the ureter (upper, middle and lower) was safe and effective, as shown by the increased overall stone expulsion rate, reduced stone expulsion time and fewer @entity158 episodes. @entity9940 was associated with a greater rate of stone expulsion than was @entity31503 .

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX vs. @entity31503 as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones.

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['tamsulosin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether @entity9940 is effective as an adjunctive medical therapy to increase the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for treating ureteric stones, and minimises the use of analgesic drugs after the procedure. @entity1 AND METHODS: To treat single ureteric stones of 5-15  mm in diameter, 130 @entity1 were treated with ESWL. After treatment, equal numbers of @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either the standard medical therapy alone (controls) or combined with 0.4  mg @entity9940 daily for    12  weeks. All @entity1 were followed up for 3  months or until an alternative treatment was offered. RESULTS: At 3  months the treatment was considered to be clinically successful in 55/65 (85%) of those receiving @entity9940 and in 58/65 (89%) of the controls (P  =  0.34). When @entity1 were classified according to stone size the success rate was similar in both groups (P  =  0.22) for those with a stone of >10  mm. However, ureteric colic was reported in 12% of @entity1 treated with standard therapy but in only 5% of those treated with @entity9940 (P  =  0.006). The mean cumulative @entity3522 dose was 380  mg/ @entity1 in the @entity9940 group and 750  mg/ @entity1 in the control group (P  =  0.004). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the effectiveness of @entity9940 as an adjunctive medical therapy after ESWL for ureteric stones, but it did not improve stone clearance when treating ureteric stones. However, it decreased the use of analgesics and reduced the complication rate, especially for steinstrasse.

title: The efficacy of XXXX therapy after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for ureteric calculi: A prospective randomised, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin', 'tamsulosin hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['tamsulosin']


abstract: The stomach is a common site of extranodal @entity706 . Here we examined the clinicopathological features of 317 @entity1892 and characterized the differences among low-grade mucosa-associated @entity1074 (LG), high-grade @entity1074 (HG), @entity706 ( @entity706 ) and diffuse large @entity1892 (DL). Cases included 126 DL, 71 HG, 98 LG, 10 @entity706 , three @entity2109 and nine of undefined type. The age range of @entity1 was as follows: LG, 14-96 years (mean, 61.1); HG, 20-87 years (mean, 63.9); DL, 16-88 years (mean, 62.8); and @entity706 , 54-76 years (mean, 65.5). There were no differences in age with respect to @entity5 type. There were more @entity1 @entity1 with LG (female:male, 55:43), while males predominated among DL @entity1 (54:72). The sexes were represented almost equally in HG cases (34:37). Histological findings, especially in @entity5 , correlated significantly to the gross appearance of mass formation. Dutcher bodies were encountered mainly in HG or LG cases. Our results showed no differences in age, sex or site of disease between LG, HG and @entity5 . However, the grade of @entity5 correlated strongly to gross appearance. Dutcher bodies were important for the diagnosis of @entity6595 .

title: Clinicopathological features of XXXX : a series of 317 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['FL', 'follicular lymphomas', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'DL tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphomas', 'lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas', 'gastric B-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['gastric B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: To study the long-term prognosis of @entity64 , we performed annual follow-up examinations on 306 @entity1 who had survived cerebrovascular accidents. All @entity1 had been admitted to the Neurology Service, First Teaching Hospital, Beijing Medical College from January 1, 1976, to December 31, 1978, and were followed up for 1 to 4 years. The series included 217 cases of @entity5892 , 54 of @entity1779 , and 35 of @entity4905 . The life-table method was used to determine the cumulative survival rate (CSR), cumulative marked improvement rate (CMIR), and cumulative recurrence rate (CRR), for each of these three types of @entity64 . The main results were the following: 1. The prognosis was not significantly influenced by sex, BP level on admission, or type of cerebrovascular accident. 2. Age was an important prognostic factor. The survival rate decreased significantly in each successive age group. However, age was not a risk factor for recurrence or poor improvement. 3. The cumulative survival rate, cumulative marked improvement rate, and cumulative recurrence rate did not differ significantly among @entity5892 , @entity1779 , and @entity4905 .

title: A 1-4 year follow-up study of 306 cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The participation of NK-cells in the regulation of an inflammatory process in different variants of @entity565 isn't studied enough, that was the basis for conducting of this investigation. The aim of the work is to determine the character of changes of relative and absolute quantity of NK-cells in the @entity1 ' peripheral blood in @entity1097 (ABA) and @entity117 -induced (AIA) @entity565 with regard for the level Ig E in the serum of the blood. The investigations were carried out with 140 @entity1 with @entity565 at the age of 28-57 years old (80 @entity1 and 60 @entity1 ). Among the examined @entity1 70 of them were with diagnosis AIA. Seventy examined @entity1 had ABA. The control group was formed of 50 healthy volunteers at the age of 22-42 years old (30 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 ) who had no manifestations of @entity402 . The phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes of peripheral blood was performed by the method of flow cytometry with the use of the equipment and reagents of the Becton Dickinson. The allergen-specific IgE were determined using MAST CLA method. The analysis of frequency incidence of @entity942 among the examined @entity1 with @entity565 with special reference to the level of IgE showed that the lowering of the quantity of NK cells was observed in 72.9% cases of ABA and only in 9.1% cases of AIA in the @entity1 with high level IgE. Most often (in 87.9% cases) @entity942 in AIA was pronounced among the @entity1 with normal level of IgE. So, the results of the conducted investigation point to the different character of changes in the system of NK cells in @entity1 with @entity1097 and @entity117 -induced @entity565 and also to the interrelation between the level of IgE and the content of NK cells in peripheral blood of the examined @entity1 .

title: NK Cells and IgE Level in Peripheral Blood in XXXX -Induced and Allergic @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['NK deficiency']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Aspirin']


abstract: The participation of NK-cells in the regulation of an inflammatory process in different variants of @entity565 isn't studied enough, that was the basis for conducting of this investigation. The aim of the work is to determine the character of changes of relative and absolute quantity of NK-cells in the @entity1 ' peripheral blood in @entity1097 (ABA) and @entity117 -induced (AIA) @entity565 with regard for the level Ig E in the serum of the blood. The investigations were carried out with 140 @entity1 with @entity565 at the age of 28-57 years old (80 @entity1 and 60 @entity1 ). Among the examined @entity1 70 of them were with diagnosis AIA. Seventy examined @entity1 had ABA. The control group was formed of 50 healthy volunteers at the age of 22-42 years old (30 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 ) who had no manifestations of @entity402 . The phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes of peripheral blood was performed by the method of flow cytometry with the use of the equipment and reagents of the Becton Dickinson. The allergen-specific IgE were determined using MAST CLA method. The analysis of frequency incidence of @entity942 among the examined @entity1 with @entity565 with special reference to the level of IgE showed that the lowering of the quantity of NK cells was observed in 72.9% cases of ABA and only in 9.1% cases of AIA in the @entity1 with high level IgE. Most often (in 87.9% cases) @entity942 in AIA was pronounced among the @entity1 with normal level of IgE. So, the results of the conducted investigation point to the different character of changes in the system of NK cells in @entity1 with @entity1097 and @entity117 -induced @entity565 and also to the interrelation between the level of IgE and the content of NK cells in peripheral blood of the examined @entity1 .

title: NK Cells and IgE Level in Peripheral Blood in @entity117 -Induced and Allergic XXXX .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Bronchial Asthma']


abstract: @entity1014 phosphorylase (dThdPase) is an enzyme that is involved in @entity35343 metabolism and DNA synthesis and converts @entity20941 ( @entity1013 ) to @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between dThdPase expression and biological @entity5 , prognosis, and sensitivity to postoperative chemotherapy, using immunohistochemical staining. We studied 148 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent surgery at Department of Surgery II in Oita Medical University between 1990 and 1999. Immunohistochemical expression of dThdPase was correlated to clinicopathological factors and postoperative survival. Tumor tissue was dThdPase-positive in 112 @entity1 . The results suggested a relationship between the degree of histological differentiation and dThdPase expression (p=0.0697). Examination of dThdPase expression based on the site of the @entity5 revealed that the groups with upper or lower @entity356 included a significantly greater number of dThdPase-positive @entity1 (p=0.0011). Analysis of the @entity1 as a whole showed no significant difference between the survival. In the chemotherapy group, the dThdPase-positive @entity1 tended to have a more favorable prognosis than the dThdPase-negative @entity1 (p=0.0578). The results suggest that postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy that makes use of FU metabolic pathways may improve prognosis in @entity1 with dThdPase-positive @entity356 .

title: Clinical impact of @entity1014 phosphorylase expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity20941 :: ('MESH:C025034|MESH:C534213', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity35343 :: ('CHEBI:26440', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymidine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity1014 phosphorylase (dThdPase) is an enzyme that is involved in @entity35343 metabolism and DNA synthesis and converts @entity20941 ( @entity1013 ) to @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between dThdPase expression and biological @entity5 , prognosis, and sensitivity to postoperative chemotherapy, using immunohistochemical staining. We studied 148 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent surgery at Department of Surgery II in Oita Medical University between 1990 and 1999. Immunohistochemical expression of dThdPase was correlated to clinicopathological factors and postoperative survival. Tumor tissue was dThdPase-positive in 112 @entity1 . The results suggested a relationship between the degree of histological differentiation and dThdPase expression (p=0.0697). Examination of dThdPase expression based on the site of the @entity5 revealed that the groups with upper or lower @entity356 included a significantly greater number of dThdPase-positive @entity1 (p=0.0011). Analysis of the @entity1 as a whole showed no significant difference between the survival. In the chemotherapy group, the dThdPase-positive @entity1 tended to have a more favorable prognosis than the dThdPase-negative @entity1 (p=0.0578). The results suggest that postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy that makes use of FU metabolic pathways may improve prognosis in @entity1 with dThdPase-positive @entity356 .

title: Clinical impact of XXXX phosphorylase expression in @entity356 .

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['thymidine']


abstract: Technetium-99m tetrofosmin (TF) is a myocardial perfusion agent that has recently proved useful also as @entity5 -seeking tracer. The aim of this study was to make a preliminary assessment of TF scintigraphy in @entity421 , with regard to @entity5 detection and monitoring of response to preoperative chemotherapy (PC). Current clinical investigations have demonstrated that the curability of @entity421 mainly depends on the response to PC, and the percentage of @entity5 @entity39 is the most powerful prognostic factor. However, this is difficult to assess radiologically, and it can only been obtained by histologic examination after surgery. Fourteen @entity1 (7 males, age range: 1-17 years) with recently discovered @entity421 were injected with TF ( approximately 7.4 MBq/kg i.v., never in the affected limb): a dynamic acquisition (20 min) was performed immediately post-injection, followed by static planar views of the involved area. Six @entity1 were studied twice: before and after PC. Images were evaluated visually and quantitatively using regions of interest over lesion (L) and controlateral normal tissue (N). All initial TF scans demonstrated very rapid tumoral uptake (1-2 min post-injection); the mean L/N ratio at 20 min was 2.76+/-1.05. The post-PC scans showed reduced uptake in 4 @entity1 , unchanged in one and increased accumulation in one case, with a strong correlation between the percentage change in L/N and the percentage of @entity5 @entity39 . Our preliminary data indicate that TF is able to detect @entity421 ; further studies including larger population is need to confirm its usefulness in non-invasively predicting response to PC.

title: Technetium-99m tetrofosmin scintigraphy in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenic sarcoma', 'osteosarcoma of the extremities or the pelvis', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteogenic sarcoma']


abstract: Multidetector computed tomography can be used to evaluate the anatomy of pulmonary veins (PVs) in @entity1 with AF. The study evaluated two groups. Group 1 included 61 @entity1 assessed following @entity4406 ablation with ultrasound of RF energy. Group 2 included 15 @entity1 undergoing ablation for AF and 14 control subjects without a history of AF matched for age and sex. The anatomy of the PVs was analyzed in this group prior to the ablation and compared to controls. Computed tomography was used to measure the ostium of the left superior, left inferior, right superior, right inferior PVs, and the left atrial appendage size. In group 1, @entity4406 was seen in 14 (30%) of 46 @entity1 undergoing ablation with RF energy and in none of the 15 @entity1 receiving ablation with ultrasound energy. In group 2, the ostium size was not different between @entity1 with AF and controls. Similarly, the ostium of the @entity4406 that appeared to trigger AF was not larger than the ostium of the remaining veins. A "clustering pattern" of @entity4406 branches near the right inferior @entity4406 ostium was seen in almost every @entity1 , independent of the presence of the @entity943 . Computed tomography frequently detects @entity4406 following RF ablation. Ultrasound ablation does not appear to result in @entity4406 narrowing. Overall, @entity1 with AF do not have larger sizes of @entity4406 ostia. Multiple ramifications from the right inferior @entity4406 ostium is a common pattern and may represent a protective anatomic variant.

title: Three-dimensional reconstruction of pulmonary veins in XXXX with atrial fibrillation and controls: morphological characteristics of different veins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity4406 :: ('MESH:D011087', 'Disease') :: ['PV stenosis', 'PV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Activity of 64 single neurons in the @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ) was recorded for 1-8 days in freely behaving @entity35 . The activity of 26 (40.6%) neurons varied with circadian rhythm and in relation to feeding. Activity of 23 of these neurons decreased during consumption of each pellet, and that of one increased. The activity of two other neurons increased intermittently, at night, prior to and during eating and drinking episodes. All changed activity with sleep-wake changes; increasing in the dark or upon arousal, and decreasing in the light or during slow wave sleep, but the activity was independent of individual movement, except feeding. The activity of 29 (45.3%) neurons varied only diurnally. Of these, 26 neurons also had sleep-wake responses and activity changes that corresponded to behavior. The firing rate of the other 3 neurons was independent of @entity25 or individual feeding activity, but gradually increased in the dark to a maximum in the early morning, then subsided rapidly in 1-2 h. Four (6.3%) neurons were related only to feeding and not to diurnal rhythm, and 5 (7.8%) neurons were not related to either. Of the 5 neurons that were unrelated to either diurnal rhythm or feeding acts, 3 increased activity at light on and decreased it at light off for 4-13 min. These data suggest @entity2339 neuronal involvement in control of short term feeding or individual feeding episodes, and long term feeding or circadian feeding rhythm.

title: Feeding and diurnal related activity of lateral hypothalamic neurons in freely behaving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['lateral hypothalamus', 'LHA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-wake condition']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The responsiveness of @entity263 to treatment with @entity172 has been recognized for over 40 years, but whether the effect is mediated by diminished @entity5 growth or reduction in metastatic spread is not known. To answer this question the authors reviewed the clinical and pathologic features of 89 @entity1 with @entity263 after autopsy. Sixty-three percent of the @entity1 studied were black. @entity1 treated with @entity172 survived somewhat longer (0.05 less than P less than 0.10), but they had significantly greater numbers of metastatic sites (P less than 0.001) and greater overall @entity5 burden (P less than 0.001), with significantly increased frequencies of @entity3 to the liver, adrenal gland, bone, lymph nodes, large bowel, lungs, serosal surfaces, ureters, and central nervous system (CNS) (all P less than 0.05 or lower) compared with @entity1 who had not been treated with @entity172 . However, @entity1 not treated with @entity172 more frequently died from other causes (P less than 0.001). When the @entity1 who died from other causes were excluded from the data analysis, there were no significant differences in the number of metastatic sites between @entity1 who received @entity172 therapy and those who did not, and the only remaining significant difference in the distribution of @entity3 was that @entity1 who received @entity172 treatment had more frequent @entity3 to the adrenal cortex and CNS (P less than 0.05). These observations were corroborated by cluster analysis of the metastatic patterns. Cluster analysis also identified a subset of predominantly (67%) black @entity1 who developed distant @entity3 without much local spread of @entity5 . This suggests that @entity5 behavior in this group was less predictable than for the other @entity1 in whom disease appeared to progress from Stage A to Stage D as expected. The authors conclude that @entity172 therapy may prolong survival by slowing the rate of @entity5 growth rather than by inhibiting the metastatic progression of @entity263 or destroying selective populations of @entity5 cells.

title: XXXX . Cluster analysis of patterns with respect to @entity172 treatment.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Metastatic behavior of prostate cancer']


abstract: The responsiveness of @entity263 to treatment with @entity172 has been recognized for over 40 years, but whether the effect is mediated by diminished @entity5 growth or reduction in metastatic spread is not known. To answer this question the authors reviewed the clinical and pathologic features of 89 @entity1 with @entity263 after autopsy. Sixty-three percent of the @entity1 studied were black. @entity1 treated with @entity172 survived somewhat longer (0.05 less than P less than 0.10), but they had significantly greater numbers of metastatic sites (P less than 0.001) and greater overall @entity5 burden (P less than 0.001), with significantly increased frequencies of @entity3 to the liver, adrenal gland, bone, lymph nodes, large bowel, lungs, serosal surfaces, ureters, and central nervous system (CNS) (all P less than 0.05 or lower) compared with @entity1 who had not been treated with @entity172 . However, @entity1 not treated with @entity172 more frequently died from other causes (P less than 0.001). When the @entity1 who died from other causes were excluded from the data analysis, there were no significant differences in the number of metastatic sites between @entity1 who received @entity172 therapy and those who did not, and the only remaining significant difference in the distribution of @entity3 was that @entity1 who received @entity172 treatment had more frequent @entity3 to the adrenal cortex and CNS (P less than 0.05). These observations were corroborated by cluster analysis of the metastatic patterns. Cluster analysis also identified a subset of predominantly (67%) black @entity1 who developed distant @entity3 without much local spread of @entity5 . This suggests that @entity5 behavior in this group was less predictable than for the other @entity1 in whom disease appeared to progress from Stage A to Stage D as expected. The authors conclude that @entity172 therapy may prolong survival by slowing the rate of @entity5 growth rather than by inhibiting the metastatic progression of @entity263 or destroying selective populations of @entity5 cells.

title: @entity263 . Cluster analysis of patterns with respect to XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: In 103 @entity1 who recovered from an @entity583 ( @entity583 ) we evaluated the usefulness of predischarge clinical, routine laboratory and M-mode echocardiographic (echo) criteria in predicting @entity299 during a period of 12-41 months (25.0 +/- 10.7 months) follow-up. The echo parameters evaluated were: left ventricular diastolic diameter, left ventricular percent fractional shortening and the mitral valve E point septal separation. The combination of these three echo criteria was defined as an echo-index, which was considered abnormal if at least two of the three single parameters were pathological. @entity712 occurred in 35 (34%) @entity1 , with significantly higher prevalence among those older than 65 years, with previous @entity583 and with predischarge findings of @entity712 . However, the sensitivity of these clinical parameters was unsatisfactory (34-69%). The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the echo-index for @entity712 were 89, 88 and 80%, respectively. @entity662 prior to hospital discharge was the only criteria predicting high risk of reinfarction (p = 0.001). The risk of @entity204 was related to age older than 65 years (p = 0.03) and an abnormal echo-index (p = 0.01). The overall mortality rate was 13%, but only 6% among those with normal and 26% among those with pathologic echo-index. In conclusion, in @entity1 who recovered from an @entity583 , a simple and easily measured echo-index was superior to most clinical and routine laboratory criteria in predicting @entity712 and @entity204 .

title: Usefulness of predischarge echocardiographic criteria in predicting complications following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['future heart failure', 'Congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Incubation of @entity1573 embryos with 200 nmoles/egg of @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ) completely inhibits cell proliferation in the embryo. At an age older than embryonic day 4 (E4) more than 90% of the embryos survive this treatment. The drug induces various @entity600 ; in particular the retina is heavily affected. This simple method offers the possibility to study the effect of a more or less decreased cell production on processes of further differentiation and histogenesis of retinal tissue. The following results are obtained: In spite of the inhibition of cell proliferation in the retina by AraC an abnormally thick basal lamina is found and the expansion of the eye still proceeds, indicating that eye growth is not only dependent on retinal cell numbers. Stereotyped @entity600 of retinal histogenesis are induced and categorized into three groups: in addition to areas of normal structure cells are found arranged in rosettes and in half-rosettes sometimes linked by areas of undefined transient cell arrangements. The results point to a strong tendency of a severely diminished cell population to form regularly laminated retinal-like structures as long as a minimal ratio of cell types is given. The spatio-temporal appearance of the type of retinal @entity600 in a given retinal area is dependent on the time of AraC exposure and thus on the degree of differentiation reached at a "spatio-temporal spot": Full rosettes develop at earlier, and half-rosettes at later stages of AraC interference. Furthermore, deformities first appear on temporal and ventral sides. Thus, the establishment of these @entity600 follows and reflects the normal sequence of differentiation within the retina. Cells within rosettes organize in specific layers and start to differentiate normally. This shows that earlier formed cells are not dependent on the influence of factors derived from cells that are formed later for their proper differentiation.

title: Inhibition of cell proliferation by cytosine-arabinoside and its interference with spatial and temporal differentiation patterns in the XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['AraC', 'cytosine arabinoside']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activators on @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) expression in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells and elucidate a possible mechanism. METHODS: @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were obtained from normal fetus, and cultured conventionally. Then the HUVEC were exposed to @entity1718 and @entity11116 in varying concentrations with fresh media. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to determine the expression of @entity5601 and @entity2289 in HUVECs. Transient co-transfection of @entity2289 promoter and @entity5601 gene or @entity6864 gene to ECV304 was performed. RESULTS: @entity5601 , @entity11589 and @entity6864 mRNA in HUVECs were detected by RT-PCR. Treatment of HUVECs with @entity5601 and @entity6864 activators- @entity7461 , @entity4722 , @entity3952 and @entity11116 , but not with @entity3106 could augment PAI-I mRNA expression and protein secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Proportional induction of @entity2289 promoter activity was observed through increasing amounts of @entity5601 DNA in HUVECs through a transient gene transfection assay, although the mRNA expression of the 3 subtypes of @entity5601 with their activators were not changed compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: HUVECs express PPARs. PPARs activators may increase @entity2289 expression in endothelial cells (EC). Although PPARs expression was not enhanced after being stimulated by their activators in EC, the functionally active @entity5601 is probably involved in regulating @entity2289 expression in EC.

title: Activation of XXXX in @entity1 endothelial cells increases plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 expression.

entities_list: @entity11116 :: ('MESH:C037112', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin J(2)']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['stearic acid']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor 1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity5601 :: (5465,Gene) :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activators on @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) expression in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells and elucidate a possible mechanism. METHODS: @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were obtained from normal fetus, and cultured conventionally. Then the HUVEC were exposed to @entity1718 and @entity11116 in varying concentrations with fresh media. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to determine the expression of @entity5601 and @entity2289 in HUVECs. Transient co-transfection of @entity2289 promoter and @entity5601 gene or @entity6864 gene to ECV304 was performed. RESULTS: @entity5601 , @entity11589 and @entity6864 mRNA in HUVECs were detected by RT-PCR. Treatment of HUVECs with @entity5601 and @entity6864 activators- @entity7461 , @entity4722 , @entity3952 and @entity11116 , but not with @entity3106 could augment PAI-I mRNA expression and protein secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Proportional induction of @entity2289 promoter activity was observed through increasing amounts of @entity5601 DNA in HUVECs through a transient gene transfection assay, although the mRNA expression of the 3 subtypes of @entity5601 with their activators were not changed compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: HUVECs express PPARs. PPARs activators may increase @entity2289 expression in endothelial cells (EC). Although PPARs expression was not enhanced after being stimulated by their activators in EC, the functionally active @entity5601 is probably involved in regulating @entity2289 expression in EC.

title: Activation of @entity5601 in XXXX endothelial cells increases plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 expression.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Survivors of @entity1167 due to @entity943 are at risk for recurrent events. The role of revascularization in secondary prevention for survivors of @entity1167 has been addressed in various studies with conflicting results. A total of 142 survivors of @entity1167 with @entity453 were evaluated according to a standardized protocol, including 2-dimensional echocardiography, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, coronary angiography, and electrophysiologic testing. Revascularization of scintigraphically documented @entity63 myocardial regions was performed in 44 @entity1 (31%). Final therapy was based on the results of electrophysiologic testing. Four-year survival rates were 100% for revascularized noninducible @entity1 , 84% for revascularized inducible @entity1 , 91% for nonrevascularized noninducible @entity1 , and 72% for nonrevascularized inducible @entity1 . Only 1 @entity1 (<1% of study population) died suddenly. Recurrences were much more frequent in @entity1 without revascularization (38% vs 7%, p <0.001) and the recurrence rate was 0% in the revascularized noninducible @entity1 . Thus, revascularization of ischemically jeopardized myocardium in survivors of @entity1167 resulted in excellent survival; moreover, in absence of inducible @entity943 , the recurrence rate was 0%. Systematic evaluation of survivors of @entity1167 due to @entity943 allows risk stratification and guidance of subsequent antiarrhythmic therapy.

title: Impact of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting on outcome after nonfatal XXXX outside the hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Diet and exercise form the foundation of a healthy lifestyle. These are especially important for @entity1 living with @entity6 , as they are the most practical non-pharmacological means by which @entity1 may significantly improve their blood @entity413 levels. Exercise @entity1720 (both short and long term), lowers blood sugar levels, reduces body fat and improves cardiovascular (CV) function. Because of this, exercise offers enormous benefit to @entity1 with @entity6 . Blood @entity413 levels can significantly drop during and after physical activities, due to the increased utilisation of @entity413 as a fuel during exercise and the up-regulation of @entity413 transport into working muscles. Therefore, @entity1 (especially those with @entity164 1 @entity6 ) must account for the effects of exercise and adjust their medications and nutrition accordingly. Improvements in real-time continuous @entity413 monitoring and optimisation of basal insulin dosing may offer significant benefit to preventing hypoglycaemia in @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 who regularly exercise. Diverse exercise programmes and devices can also assist @entity1 in monitoring their activities as well as motivating them to achieve their exercise goals. For @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 , questions such as how much, how long, how strenuous and what kind of exercise must be addressed in order for healthcare professionals to offer maximum benefit to their @entity1 . Additionally, since @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 often have other significant co-morbidities such as @entity28 and CV disease, care providers must evaluate each @entity1 's risk factors before designing an exercise programme. Several publications in the last year have addressed these issues and may serve as a valuable resource to provide safe and effective recommendations to @entity1 and their healthcare providers. To be included in the Exercise and @entity6 chapter for the 2010 YEARBOOK, we reviewed leading peer-reviewed manuscripts that were published in the period July 2009 to June 2010. PubMed was used in the initial screening of articles.

title: Exercise and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increases insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the in vivo effect of @entity3826 sublingual versus placebo on cortical and subcortical brain activation during video sexual stimulation. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity323 and six potent controls underwent functional magnetic resonance of the brain during video sexual stimulation after the administration of either @entity3826 sublingual 4mg or placebo following a randomized, double blind design. Functional magnetic resonance sessions were performed with a 7-day interval. RESULTS: In potent controls, viewing erotic versus neutral films induced bilateral activations in a network of occipito-parietal and temporal inferior regions, in dorsolateral and premotor frontal cortex, in anterior temporal limbic areas and the thalamus, which were comparable to the @entity1 activations during erotic stimulation in the placebo condition. However, a striking difference was found in @entity1 , who demonstrated a significant and extended activation in the cingulate gyrus, frontal mesial and frontal basal cortex, bilaterally, in comparison with potent controls. These activated neural systems were modulated by @entity3826 administration which produced a picture that was similar to the one seen in potent controls. In @entity1 with spychogenic @entity323 @entity3826 sublingual caused an increase in the extension of the activated networks, plus additional activation foci in subcortical and deep structures, namely in the nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus and mesencephalon: this activation was greater than that seen with placebo. Interestingly, a down-regulation in the frontal basal and temporal limbic cortex was present as shown by a decrease of functional magnetic resonance imaging signal reflecting a deactivation of these regions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3826 significantly enhances the activation of cortical and subcortical brain function during video sexual stimulation. @entity1 with @entity323 may have an underlying functional abnormality of the brain acting as a previously unrecognised aetiological factor.

title: Brain activation patterns during video sexual stimulation following the administration of XXXX : results of a placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['Apomorphine', 'apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'psychogenic erectile dysfunction']

answer: @entity3826 :: (MESH:D001058,Chemical) :: ['apomorphine']


abstract: Post-operative hyponatraemia can be dangerous and can go unrecognised as the presenting signs and symptoms are often confused with post-operative or post-anaesthesia sequelae. Infusion of dextrose containing fluids in the peri-operative period is a well-documented cause of this electrolyte imbalance. We conducted a retrospective study to identify the incidence of hyponatraemia following surgery for @entity130 . Medical notes and fluid charts of the @entity1 were scrutinised. We detected 32 cases of post-operative hyponatraemia over a period of 1 year. Eleven hundred and thirty-one @entity1 underwent orthopaedic surgery during this period. Calculated incidence of hyponatraemia was 2.8%. In the hyponatraemic group, the mean pre-operative sodium was 134 mmol/l and mean post-operative sodium was 126 mmol/l. There was a statistically significant difference between mean pre-operative and mean post-operative serum @entity1372 concentration (P<0.0001, two sample t-test). The mean volume of @entity413 containing fluids received by each @entity1 was 3.26 l. There is a significant risk of hyponatraemia following orthopaedic surgery, especially in the elderly. Orthopaedic units need to be aware of this easily avoidable condition. Fluid infusion regimes should be carefully formulated with exclusion of dextrose containing fluids to prevent the danger of hyponatraemia.

title: Post-operative hyponatraemia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['orthopaedic injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['orthopaedic injury']


abstract: Guidelines for the management of @entity263 issued by the National @entity5 Network provide a basis for rational treatment decisions. These guidelines represent consensus recommendations by a panel of experts that are evidence based and are designated according to the degree of consensus within the expert panel. The initial stratification point is the @entity1 's life expectancy (>5 or <5 years). If life expectancy is >5 years, the recommended intervention is based on clinical stage, @entity1486 level, and Gleason score, as well as the presence of symptoms. These assessments establish the @entity1 's risk of recurrence after therapy. Specific initial therapies are then recommended according to whether the risk category is low, intermediate, high, or very high. The guidelines also describe the appropriate use of observation ("watchful waiting") versus active intervention in certain @entity1 . After definitive therapy, @entity1 should be monitored with @entity1486 determinations, digital rectal examination, and bone scans, as outlined in the guidelines. @entity1 who exhibit increasing @entity1486 levels after prostatectomy are candidates for salvage therapy with @entity342 ablation, radiotherapy, or observation. If @entity1486 levels begin to increase after radiotherapy, surgery may then be an additional option. Systemic salvage therapy generally consists of @entity342 ablation; the benefit of total @entity342 blockade versus initial monotherapy remains controversial. Relapse after initial @entity342 ablation is treated with an antiandrogen, if none had been administered previously. @entity1 refractory to further hormonal manipulations are observed or receive palliative therapy, including chemotherapy. The treatment of @entity263 is complex. Optimal treatment is risk-adapted to the specific characteristics of the @entity5 and the expected longevity and personal preferences of the @entity1 .

title: National @entity5 Network guidelines for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']