abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective radiographic analysis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate where and to what degree the correction of @entity8322 occurred in two different procedures: posterior instrumentation/fusion with an anterior release and posterior-only instrumentation/fusion with Ponte procedure. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Controversy remains regarding the outcome for these two procedures. The postoperative segmental disc shape change that account for @entity85 correction has not been described for either procedure. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 undergoing a thoracoscopic anterior release followed by posterior instrumentation (A + P) and 11 @entity1 having posterior-only (PO) instrumentation/fusion were retrospectively reviewed. In addition to conventional Cobb measurements, segmental measures of intradiscal angulation as well as anterior and posterior disc heights were made before and after surgery. RESULTS: The @entity1514 was corrected to similar degrees in both groups (A + P vs. PO, P = 0.87). The PO group averaged 82.7      6.4   before surgery and corrected to 47.9      5.4   after surgery; while the A + P group averaged 84.9      10.2   before surgery and corrected to 48.6      5.7   after surgery. The segmental analysis demonstrated similar degrees of intradiscal angular changes between the two surgical procedures. The majority of the correction occurred at and below the apex and was independent of an anterior release. The changes in both anterior and posterior disc thicknesses were also similar between the two groups. Both groups' anterior disc spaces opened at T8 and below, whereas maximum anterior disc opening occurred at the thoracolumbar junction. To a lesser extent, the posterior disc heights were reduced, but also to similar degrees for both surgical approaches. CONCLUSION: For both surgical procedures, the majority of the @entity1513 correction occurred in the lower thoracic levels and anterior disc heights increased up to twice as much as posterior disc heights shortened. The addition of the anterior release did not significantly alter the degree of correction or the disc shape changes.

title: Do discs "open" anteriorly with posterior-only correction of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity8322 :: ('MESH:D012544', 'Disease') :: ["Scheuermann's kyphosis"]

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic hyperkyphosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity8322 :: (MESH:D012544,Disease) :: ['Scheuermann's kyphosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (LAPPG) was introduced as a function-preserving and minimally invasive operation for @entity356 ( @entity356 ) in Japan. This study investigated the postoperative outcomes, complications, and associated risk factors of the procedure. METHODS: From January 2005 to December 2009, 307 @entity1 with @entity356 diagnosed before surgery underwent LAPPG. The postoperative outcomes and complications were assessed in this study. @entity260 were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications, and risk factors related to complications were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean operation time for LAPPG was 229.4    47.5 minutes and estimated @entity190 was 49.1    62.0 mL. The mean total number of dissected lymph nodes was 31.6    10.4, with nodal involvement observed in 25 @entity1 (8.5%). The preoperative diagnostic accuracy of @entity356 was 93.2%. Complications developed in 53 @entity1 (17.3%), and major complications, classified as grades greater than Clavien-Dindo classification IIIa, were observed in 4 @entity1 (1.3%). The most frequent complication was @entity7623 , occurring in 19 @entity1 (6.2%). Body mass index (BMI) and surgical experience of LAPPG were identified as significant risk factors of @entity260 . Body mass index was related to severity of the complications. The patients' serum total protein and albumin did not change significantly after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy is a safe operation with excellent postoperative outcomes in terms of minimized major complications based on the Clavien-Dindo classification in @entity1 with @entity356 in the middle third of the stomach. To prevent @entity260 , surgeons need to ensure an extra leaning period for LAPPG, and LAPPG should be performed cautiously in @entity1 with high BMI.

title: Postoperative outcomes and complications after laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastric stasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['EGC', 'early gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['early gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the results of the epidemiologic investigation of outbreaks of invasive @entity281 among attendees at daycare facilities located in 4 closed communities in Israel. STUDY DESIGN: The preschool-aged population of communities with clusters of Kingella cases had oropharyngeal cultures performed. K kingae isolates from infected @entity1 and healthy contacts were genotyped by pulsed field gel electrophoresis to determine the spread of outbreak strains. RESULTS: The affected closed communities (3 military bases and 1 "kibbutz" commune) were characterized by tight social and family networks and intensive mingling. The outbreaks affected 9 of 51 attendees (attack rate: 17.6%) age 8-19  months (median: 12  months), within a 21-day period. Cases included skeletal system infections (n  =  8) and @entity2259 (n  =  1); K kingae isolates were confirmed by the use of blood culture vials and selective media. Clinical presentation was mild and acute-phase reactants were usually normal or only moderately elevated. Thirty out of 55 (54.5%) asymptomatic @entity1 carried the outbreak strains. Analysis of the 3 clusters in which the entire preschool-aged population was cultured revealed that 31 of 71 (43.7%) @entity1 younger than 24  months of age were colonized with K kingae organisms compared with 8 of 105 (7.6%) older @entity1 (P  <  .001). CONCLUSIONS: Clusters of invasive @entity281 characterized by sudden onset, high attack rate, and wide dissemination of the outbreak strain can occur in daycare facilities and closed communities. Because the mild clinical presentation of invasive @entity281 and the fastidious nature of the organism, a high index of suspicion and use of sensitive detection methods are recommended.

title: Outbreaks of Invasive XXXX in Closed Communities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['K kingae infections', 'Kingella kingae infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Kingella kingae Infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since in clinical practice long-term @entity172 (E) treatment is frequently applied, our aim was to study the effect of concomitant @entity1420 (P) administration on changes caused by long-term @entity172 treatment in the secretion of LH, FSH, PRL and GH. MATERIAL/METHODS: @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ), P or both in silastic capsules were implanted under the skin of prepubertal Sprague-Dawley male and female @entity35 . Animals survived for two or five months. We have also studied whether the changed hormone secretion caused by @entity4743 can return to normal level 1 or 2 months after removing @entity4743 capsule. RESULTS: 1.) The males more rapidly responded than females with decreasing basal LH release upon treatments. The basal FSH release was decreased only in males. The effect of @entity4743 persisted in males; however, in females basal LH and FSH levels were upregulated after removal of @entity4743 capsule. 2.) The basal GH levels were low in each group. The body weight and length were @entity308 by @entity4743 in both genders and P little blunted this effect. The body weight and length in males remained low after removal of @entity4743 capsule, in females it was nearly similar to intact @entity35 . 3.) There was no sexual dimorphism in the effect of @entity230 on PRL secretion. In both genders @entity4743 extremely enhanced the PRL levels, P prevented the effect of @entity4743 . PRL levels returned to intact value after removal of @entity4743 influence. 4.) Removal of @entity4743 capsule reversed the changes in the immunohistochemical appearance of hormone immunoreactivities. CONCLUSIONS: There was sexual dimorphism in the change of basal gonadotropic hormone and GH secretion but not of PRL upon @entity4743 and @entity4743 +P treatments. P was basically protective and this role may be mediated by P receptors locally in the pituitary gland.

title: Sexual dimorphism in the effect of concomitant @entity1420 administration on changes caused by long-term XXXX treatment in pituitary hormone immunoreactivities of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['Diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since in clinical practice long-term @entity172 (E) treatment is frequently applied, our aim was to study the effect of concomitant @entity1420 (P) administration on changes caused by long-term @entity172 treatment in the secretion of LH, FSH, PRL and GH. MATERIAL/METHODS: @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ), P or both in silastic capsules were implanted under the skin of prepubertal Sprague-Dawley male and female @entity35 . Animals survived for two or five months. We have also studied whether the changed hormone secretion caused by @entity4743 can return to normal level 1 or 2 months after removing @entity4743 capsule. RESULTS: 1.) The males more rapidly responded than females with decreasing basal LH release upon treatments. The basal FSH release was decreased only in males. The effect of @entity4743 persisted in males; however, in females basal LH and FSH levels were upregulated after removal of @entity4743 capsule. 2.) The basal GH levels were low in each group. The body weight and length were @entity308 by @entity4743 in both genders and P little blunted this effect. The body weight and length in males remained low after removal of @entity4743 capsule, in females it was nearly similar to intact @entity35 . 3.) There was no sexual dimorphism in the effect of @entity230 on PRL secretion. In both genders @entity4743 extremely enhanced the PRL levels, P prevented the effect of @entity4743 . PRL levels returned to intact value after removal of @entity4743 influence. 4.) Removal of @entity4743 capsule reversed the changes in the immunohistochemical appearance of hormone immunoreactivities. CONCLUSIONS: There was sexual dimorphism in the change of basal gonadotropic hormone and GH secretion but not of PRL upon @entity4743 and @entity4743 +P treatments. P was basically protective and this role may be mediated by P receptors locally in the pituitary gland.

title: Sexual dimorphism in the effect of concomitant XXXX administration on changes caused by long-term @entity172 treatment in pituitary hormone immunoreactivities of @entity35 .

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since in clinical practice long-term @entity172 (E) treatment is frequently applied, our aim was to study the effect of concomitant @entity1420 (P) administration on changes caused by long-term @entity172 treatment in the secretion of LH, FSH, PRL and GH. MATERIAL/METHODS: @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ), P or both in silastic capsules were implanted under the skin of prepubertal Sprague-Dawley male and female @entity35 . Animals survived for two or five months. We have also studied whether the changed hormone secretion caused by @entity4743 can return to normal level 1 or 2 months after removing @entity4743 capsule. RESULTS: 1.) The males more rapidly responded than females with decreasing basal LH release upon treatments. The basal FSH release was decreased only in males. The effect of @entity4743 persisted in males; however, in females basal LH and FSH levels were upregulated after removal of @entity4743 capsule. 2.) The basal GH levels were low in each group. The body weight and length were @entity308 by @entity4743 in both genders and P little blunted this effect. The body weight and length in males remained low after removal of @entity4743 capsule, in females it was nearly similar to intact @entity35 . 3.) There was no sexual dimorphism in the effect of @entity230 on PRL secretion. In both genders @entity4743 extremely enhanced the PRL levels, P prevented the effect of @entity4743 . PRL levels returned to intact value after removal of @entity4743 influence. 4.) Removal of @entity4743 capsule reversed the changes in the immunohistochemical appearance of hormone immunoreactivities. CONCLUSIONS: There was sexual dimorphism in the change of basal gonadotropic hormone and GH secretion but not of PRL upon @entity4743 and @entity4743 +P treatments. P was basically protective and this role may be mediated by P receptors locally in the pituitary gland.

title: Sexual dimorphism in the effect of concomitant @entity1420 administration on changes caused by long-term @entity172 treatment in pituitary hormone immunoreactivities of XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Response of @entity5 cells to chemotherapy-induced DNA damage is regulated by the ATM- @entity9516 and @entity15126 - @entity23902 pathways. We investigated the association between phosphorylated @entity6714 ( @entity6714 ), a marker of DNA double-strand breaks that trigger the ATM- @entity9516 cascade, and phosphorylated @entity23902 (pChk1), with pathological complete response (pCR) in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. @entity6714 and pChk1 were retrospectively assessed by immunohistochemistry in a series of pretreatment biopsies related to 66 @entity1 . In fifty-three @entity5 @entity5282 status was negative in both the diagnostic biopsies and @entity5 , whereas in 13 cases there was a slight @entity5282 expression that changed after chemotherapy. Internal validation was carried out. In the entire cohort elevated levels of @entity6714 , but not pChk1, were associated with reduced pCR rate (p = 0.009). The association tested significant in both uni- and multivariate logistic regression models (OR 4.51, 95% CI: 1.39-14.66, p = 0.012, and OR 5.07, 95% CI: 1.28-20.09, p = 0.021, respectively). Internal validation supported the predictive value of the model. The predictive ability of @entity6714 was further confirmed in the multivariate model after exclusion of @entity5 that underwent changes in @entity5282 status during chemotherapy (OR 7.07, 95% CI: 1.39-36.02, p = 0.018). Finally, in residual diseases a significant decrease of @entity6714 levels was observed (p < 0.001). Overall, @entity6714 showed ability to predict pCR in @entity0 and deserves larger, prospective studies.

title: Predictive significance of DNA damage and repair biomarkers in XXXX @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy: An exploratory analysis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['triple-negative breast cancer', 'TNBC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'residual cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['triple-negative breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Response of @entity5 cells to chemotherapy-induced DNA damage is regulated by the ATM- @entity9516 and @entity15126 - @entity23902 pathways. We investigated the association between phosphorylated @entity6714 ( @entity6714 ), a marker of DNA double-strand breaks that trigger the ATM- @entity9516 cascade, and phosphorylated @entity23902 (pChk1), with pathological complete response (pCR) in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. @entity6714 and pChk1 were retrospectively assessed by immunohistochemistry in a series of pretreatment biopsies related to 66 @entity1 . In fifty-three @entity5 @entity5282 status was negative in both the diagnostic biopsies and @entity5 , whereas in 13 cases there was a slight @entity5282 expression that changed after chemotherapy. Internal validation was carried out. In the entire cohort elevated levels of @entity6714 , but not pChk1, were associated with reduced pCR rate (p = 0.009). The association tested significant in both uni- and multivariate logistic regression models (OR 4.51, 95% CI: 1.39-14.66, p = 0.012, and OR 5.07, 95% CI: 1.28-20.09, p = 0.021, respectively). Internal validation supported the predictive value of the model. The predictive ability of @entity6714 was further confirmed in the multivariate model after exclusion of @entity5 that underwent changes in @entity5282 status during chemotherapy (OR 7.07, 95% CI: 1.39-36.02, p = 0.018). Finally, in residual diseases a significant decrease of @entity6714 levels was observed (p < 0.001). Overall, @entity6714 showed ability to predict pCR in @entity0 and deserves larger, prospective studies.

title: Predictive significance of DNA damage and repair biomarkers in @entity0 XXXX treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy: An exploratory analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In Latin America and the Caribbean, around 195 million @entity1 live in poverty, a situation that increases the burden of some @entity166 . @entity1057 , in particular, are often restricted to poor, marginalized sections of the population. Tools exist to combat these diseases, making it imperative to work towards their elimination. In 2009, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) received a mandate to support the countries in the Region in eliminating @entity1057 and other poverty-related @entity281 . The objective of this study is to analyze the presence of selected diseases using geo-processing techniques. Five diseases with information available at the first sub-national level (states) were mapped, showing the presence of the disease ("hotspots") and overlap of diseases ("major hotspots"). In the 45 countries/territories (approximately 570 states) of the Region, there is: lymphatic filariasis in four countries (29 states), @entity7289 in six countries (25 states), @entity2040 in four countries (39 states), @entity11738 in three countries (29 states), and @entity1 rabies transmitted by @entity235 in ten countries (20 states). Of the 108 states with one or more of the selected diseases, 36 states present the diseases in overlapping areas ("major hotspots"). Additional information about soil-transmitted helminths was included. The analysis suggests a majority of the selected diseases are not widespread and can be considered part of an unfinished agenda with elimination as a goal. Integrated plans and a comprehensive approach, ensuring access to existing diagnostic and treatment methods, and establishing a multi-sectoral agenda that addresses social determinants, including access to adequate water and sanitation, are required. Future studies can include additional diseases, socio-economic and environmental variables.

title: Elimination of XXXX in latin america and the Caribbean: a mapping of selected diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1057 :: ('MESH:D058069', 'Disease') :: ['Neglected diseases', 'neglected diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity7289 :: ('MESH:D009855', 'Disease') :: ['onchocerciasis']

answer: @entity1057 :: (MESH:D058069,Disease) :: ['neglected diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate the effect of soft callus removal and reapplication in a @entity35 closed femur @entity174 model. We hypothesized that removing soft callus will impair @entity174 healing, whereas reapplication will facilitate healing. METHODS: A closed midshaft femur @entity174 was created in 78 @entity35 and stabilized with an intramedullary wire. Seven days later, @entity35 were equally divided and @entity174 surgically exposed. In the control group, no callus was removed, whereas in the callus removal group CR(-) group, the callus was removed and in the callus replaced group CR(+), callus was removed and replaced. Half of the @entity35 were killed at 4 and 7 weeks. @entity174 healing was graded with radiographs and callus volume measured with micro-CT. Mechanical torsion properties were measured, and histologic analysis was conducted. RESULTS: At both end points, evidence of @entity245 was found on radiographs and micro-CT in CR(-) @entity35 (P = 0.0001), whereas CR(+) @entity35 showed normal @entity174 healing compared with controls. The normalized callus volume was similar in all groups at both end points. At 7 weeks, the maximum stiffness in CR(-) @entity35 was 68% less than control (P = 0.0001). Stiffness increased 55% in CR(+) @entity35 from CR(-) @entity35 (P = 0.0017). Histology supported our findings with complete endochondral ossification in CR(+) @entity35 but wide areas of hyaline cartilage in CR(-) @entity35 at 7 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of soft callus in a @entity35 model delays @entity174 healing at early and late time points, whereas replacement mitigates these negative consequences. Replacing the soft callus should be considered in all osteosynthesis procedures.

title: Augmentation of XXXX Healing Using Soft Callus.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed healing']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 care is a standard feature of high quality care. In many centers, the multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) is an integral component. A qualitative study was performed to explore health professionals' attitudes towards this model of care, the decision making processes, and dynamics among team members. METHODS: A series of focus groups was conducted with health professionals who attend MDMs at our institution. Focus groups followed a semistructured format with open-ended questions. A thematic analysis was performed. RESULTS: Four focus groups were held, attended by 23 @entity1 including allied health professionals, specialist nurses, medical oncologists, and surgeons. All @entity1 believed the primary objective of the MDM was to develop an individualized treatment plan. Several other key themes emerged. The MDM provided opportunities to improve communication, efficiency, and education as well as enhance professional relationships. Medical information was prioritized ahead of psychosocial details, with allied health professionals describing difficulty contributing to MDM discussion. @entity1 attendance at MDMs was opposed by health professionals because of concerns about the @entity1 's ability to cope with the information discussed and the effect their presence would have on the dynamics of the decision-making process. CONCLUSION: Health professionals endorse MDMs as a useful tool in treating @entity1 with @entity5 . Within this forum, both opportunities and constrains exist, with many benefits extending beyond the meeting itself into other clinical areas. Further study is warranted to establish an evidence base to ensure that both the possibilities and the limitations of this model of care are fully understood.

title: Team dynamics, decision making, and attitudes toward multidisciplinary XXXX meetings: health professionals' perspectives.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Multidisciplinary cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A community @entity5 clinic, through cooperation with its parent health care system, developed a @entity2 multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) to enhance @entity1 care and prevent out-migration to competing health care systems. The local medical and radiation oncologists collaborated with a thoracic surgeon from the tertiary care hospital in establishing the lung MDC. All the participating physicians are employed by the health care system. A @entity5 care coordinator assured that all necessary tests were obtained and available to the physicians at least 1 day before the clinic. The multidisciplinary team also included a pulmonologist and met every third week. Other sub-specialists were involved as necessary. Final treatment recommendations using National Comprehensive @entity5 Network guidelines were made for each @entity1 at the MDC visit. This clinic, once established, resulted in significant improvements in the quality of care, @entity1 satisfaction and retention of @entity1 . Time from diagnosis to initiation of treatment was reduced to a mean of 18 days from a mean of 24 days. The community @entity5 clinic had an @entity2 @entity1 care by 28% and a 9.1% increase in gross revenue. The tertiary care hospital benefited by providing all @entity1 with definitive surgery, including minimally invasive surgery. The tertiary hospital thoracic surgeon had a 75% increase in referrals from the lung MDC geographic area over the previous year. This collaboration in the development of MDCs demonstrates how @entity1 , caregivers, and the health care system benefit from MDCs.

title: Establishing a community-based XXXX multidisciplinary clinic as part of a large integrated health care system: aurora health care.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['increase in lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity5010 ( @entity5010 ) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is member of the @entity368 -rich repeat subfamily (LGR). In the absence of crystal structure, the success of rational design of ligands targeting the receptor internal cavity depends on the quality of the @entity5010 models built. In this subfamily, @entity16544 are characterized by the absence of @entity1521 compared to most receptors, raising the question of the structural conformation of these helices. To gain insight into the structural properties of these helices, we carried out bioinformatics and experimental studies. Evolutionary analysis of the LGR family revealed a deletion in @entity16544 but provided no information on TM2. Wild type residues at positions 2.58, 2.59 or 2.60 in TM2 and/or at position 5.50 in @entity16544 were substituted to @entity1521 . Depending on the position of the @entity1521 substitution, different effects were observed on membrane expression, glycosylation, constitutive @entity268 activity and responses to thyrotropin. Only @entity1521 substitution at position 2.59 maintained complex glycosylation and high membrane expression, supporting occurrence of a bulged TM2. The @entity5010 transmembrane domain was modeled by homology with the orexin 2 receptor, using a protocol that forced the deletion of one residue in the @entity16544 bulge of the template. The stability of the model was assessed by molecular dynamics simulations. @entity16544 straightened during the equilibration phase and was stable for the remainder of the simulations. Our data support a structural model of the @entity5010 transmembrane domain with a bulged TM2 and a straight @entity16544 that is specific of glycoprotein hormone receptors.

title: Molecular Insights into the Transmembrane Domain of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16544 :: ('7170', 'Gene') :: ['transmembrane helices (TM) 2 and 5', 'TM5']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity5010 :: ('7253', 'Gene') :: ['TSHR', 'thyrotropin receptor']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity5010 :: (7253,Gene) :: ['Thyrotropin Receptor']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters, efficacy and @entity137 of a @entity1205 and @entity1206 combination in metastatic @entity0 @entity1 previously treated with @entity4349 . A population of 40 @entity1 was analyzed; 30 @entity1 (75%) had visceral metastases as the dominant site of disease, including 20 @entity1 (50%) with liver metastases. Three or more organs were involved in 43% of @entity1 . All @entity1 had received prior @entity4349 therapy. Five @entity1 (12%) had primary resistant disease, 10 @entity1 (25%) secondary resistant disease and 25 @entity1 (63%) had progressive metastatic @entity0 after first-line chemotherapy. @entity1205 and @entity1206 were given at 80 mg/m2 and 20 mg/m2 i.v., respectively, on day 1 every 3 weeks. After a median of 5 cycles, it was found that 5 @entity1 had a complete remission (13%), 19 a partial remission (48%), 9 had stable disease (22%) and 7 had progressive disease (17%). Response rates in @entity1 with visceral and liver metastases were 57% and 50%, respectively. After a median follow-up of 24 months (13-36), median time to progression was 8.5 months and median overall survival 17 months. Grade 4 @entity1398 was observed in 78% of courses ( @entity1398 in 9%). Possible pharmacokinetic interactions were studied in 23 @entity1 by administering @entity1205 immediately followed by @entity1206 (protocol A) or @entity1206 followed by @entity1205 (protocol B). @entity1 in protocol B had significantly higher @entity1206 plasma levels and more pronounced @entity1398 . @entity1205 plus @entity1206 is an effective combination in @entity4349 resistant/relapsed metastatic @entity0 . The administration sequence @entity1205 --> @entity1206 is safer than the reverse order.

title: Clinical data and pharmacokinetics of a @entity1205 - @entity1206 combination in @entity4349 resistant/ relapsed metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters, efficacy and @entity137 of a @entity1205 and @entity1206 combination in metastatic @entity0 @entity1 previously treated with @entity4349 . A population of 40 @entity1 was analyzed; 30 @entity1 (75%) had visceral metastases as the dominant site of disease, including 20 @entity1 (50%) with liver metastases. Three or more organs were involved in 43% of @entity1 . All @entity1 had received prior @entity4349 therapy. Five @entity1 (12%) had primary resistant disease, 10 @entity1 (25%) secondary resistant disease and 25 @entity1 (63%) had progressive metastatic @entity0 after first-line chemotherapy. @entity1205 and @entity1206 were given at 80 mg/m2 and 20 mg/m2 i.v., respectively, on day 1 every 3 weeks. After a median of 5 cycles, it was found that 5 @entity1 had a complete remission (13%), 19 a partial remission (48%), 9 had stable disease (22%) and 7 had progressive disease (17%). Response rates in @entity1 with visceral and liver metastases were 57% and 50%, respectively. After a median follow-up of 24 months (13-36), median time to progression was 8.5 months and median overall survival 17 months. Grade 4 @entity1398 was observed in 78% of courses ( @entity1398 in 9%). Possible pharmacokinetic interactions were studied in 23 @entity1 by administering @entity1205 immediately followed by @entity1206 (protocol A) or @entity1206 followed by @entity1205 (protocol B). @entity1 in protocol B had significantly higher @entity1206 plasma levels and more pronounced @entity1398 . @entity1205 plus @entity1206 is an effective combination in @entity4349 resistant/relapsed metastatic @entity0 . The administration sequence @entity1205 --> @entity1206 is safer than the reverse order.

title: Clinical data and pharmacokinetics of a @entity1205 - @entity1206 combination in XXXX resistant/ relapsed metastatic @entity0 .

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['anthracycline']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters, efficacy and @entity137 of a @entity1205 and @entity1206 combination in metastatic @entity0 @entity1 previously treated with @entity4349 . A population of 40 @entity1 was analyzed; 30 @entity1 (75%) had visceral metastases as the dominant site of disease, including 20 @entity1 (50%) with liver metastases. Three or more organs were involved in 43% of @entity1 . All @entity1 had received prior @entity4349 therapy. Five @entity1 (12%) had primary resistant disease, 10 @entity1 (25%) secondary resistant disease and 25 @entity1 (63%) had progressive metastatic @entity0 after first-line chemotherapy. @entity1205 and @entity1206 were given at 80 mg/m2 and 20 mg/m2 i.v., respectively, on day 1 every 3 weeks. After a median of 5 cycles, it was found that 5 @entity1 had a complete remission (13%), 19 a partial remission (48%), 9 had stable disease (22%) and 7 had progressive disease (17%). Response rates in @entity1 with visceral and liver metastases were 57% and 50%, respectively. After a median follow-up of 24 months (13-36), median time to progression was 8.5 months and median overall survival 17 months. Grade 4 @entity1398 was observed in 78% of courses ( @entity1398 in 9%). Possible pharmacokinetic interactions were studied in 23 @entity1 by administering @entity1205 immediately followed by @entity1206 (protocol A) or @entity1206 followed by @entity1205 (protocol B). @entity1 in protocol B had significantly higher @entity1206 plasma levels and more pronounced @entity1398 . @entity1205 plus @entity1206 is an effective combination in @entity4349 resistant/relapsed metastatic @entity0 . The administration sequence @entity1205 --> @entity1206 is safer than the reverse order.

title: Clinical data and pharmacokinetics of a @entity1205 - XXXX combination in @entity4349 resistant/ relapsed metastatic @entity0 .

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters, efficacy and @entity137 of a @entity1205 and @entity1206 combination in metastatic @entity0 @entity1 previously treated with @entity4349 . A population of 40 @entity1 was analyzed; 30 @entity1 (75%) had visceral metastases as the dominant site of disease, including 20 @entity1 (50%) with liver metastases. Three or more organs were involved in 43% of @entity1 . All @entity1 had received prior @entity4349 therapy. Five @entity1 (12%) had primary resistant disease, 10 @entity1 (25%) secondary resistant disease and 25 @entity1 (63%) had progressive metastatic @entity0 after first-line chemotherapy. @entity1205 and @entity1206 were given at 80 mg/m2 and 20 mg/m2 i.v., respectively, on day 1 every 3 weeks. After a median of 5 cycles, it was found that 5 @entity1 had a complete remission (13%), 19 a partial remission (48%), 9 had stable disease (22%) and 7 had progressive disease (17%). Response rates in @entity1 with visceral and liver metastases were 57% and 50%, respectively. After a median follow-up of 24 months (13-36), median time to progression was 8.5 months and median overall survival 17 months. Grade 4 @entity1398 was observed in 78% of courses ( @entity1398 in 9%). Possible pharmacokinetic interactions were studied in 23 @entity1 by administering @entity1205 immediately followed by @entity1206 (protocol A) or @entity1206 followed by @entity1205 (protocol B). @entity1 in protocol B had significantly higher @entity1206 plasma levels and more pronounced @entity1398 . @entity1205 plus @entity1206 is an effective combination in @entity4349 resistant/relapsed metastatic @entity0 . The administration sequence @entity1205 --> @entity1206 is safer than the reverse order.

title: Clinical data and pharmacokinetics of a XXXX - @entity1206 combination in @entity4349 resistant/ relapsed metastatic @entity0 .

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report visual outcomes in @entity1 undergoing proton beam irradiation of @entity5 located within 1 disc diameter of the fovea. DESIGN: Retrospective review. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity320 involving the fovea treated with proton beam therapy between 1975 and  2009. METHODS: Three hundred fifty-one @entity1 with @entity320 located 1 disc diameter (DD) or less from the fovea and more than 1 DD away from the optic nerve were included in this study. In a subgroup of 203 of the @entity1 with small and medium @entity320 , the effect of a reduced dose of radiation, 50 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) versus 70 Gy (RBE), on visual outcomes was analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were performed to calculate cumulative rates of @entity1018 and to assess risk factors for @entity1018 , respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity and radiation complications, which included radiation @entity1020 , papillopathy, @entity1713 , and rubeosis, were assessed. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-one @entity1 were included in this study with a mean follow-up time of 68.7 months. More than one-third of @entity1 (35.5%) retained 20/200 or better vision 5 years after proton beam irradiation. For those @entity1 with a baseline visual acuity of 20/40 or better, 16.2% of @entity1 retained this level of vision 5 years after proton beam irradiation. @entity5 height less than 5 mm and baseline visual acuity 20/40 or better were associated significantly with a better visual outcome (P < 0.001). More than two-thirds (70.4%) of @entity1 receiving 50 Gy (RBE) and nearly half (45.1%) of @entity1 receiving 70 Gy (RBE) retained 20/200 or better vision 5 years after treatment, but this difference was not significant. Approximately 20% of @entity1 with these smaller macular @entity5 retained 20/40 vision or better 5 years after irradiation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this retrospective analysis demonstrate that despite receiving a full dose of radiation to the fovea, many @entity1 with @entity320 with foveal involvement maintain useful vision. A radiation dose reduction from 70 to 50 Gy (RBE) did not seem to increase the proportion of @entity1 who retain usable vision.

title: Visual Outcomes after Proton Beam Irradiation for XXXX Involving the Fovea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma', 'choroidal melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Choroidal Melanomas']


abstract: Laterocollis, as a symptom of @entity3520 may be due to abnormal contraction of the levator scapulae muscle (LSM). The purpose of this study is to define the effects of selective peripheral denervation of LSM in @entity1 with @entity6389 .The clinical records of 10 @entity1 who underwent LSM denervation for laterocollic torticollis were reviewed. Preoperatively, all @entity1 showed sustained lateral tilt of the head and elevation of the shoulder. Abnormal contraction of LSM was observed and the muscle was denervated surgically in the posterior cervical triangle. The mean age at operation was 38.4 years (range, 20-58 years) and the mean duration of the symptom ranged from 14 to 80 months (mean, 41months). The postoperative follow up ranged from 6 to 72 months (mean, 29.4months). The cervical @entity3519 rating score of Tsui was 10.8 on average before the operation, and the postoperative follow up score was 1.3. According to the changes of the rating score, success rates, including excellent and good results, were 40% and 60%, respectively. Five @entity1 (50%) postoperatively showed transient dysaesthesia in the neck. There was no disturbance of shoulder elevation or arm raising. When abnormal contraction of LSM is responsible for laterocollis in @entity1 with cervical @entity3519 , selective peripheral denervation of this muscle is a safe and effective procedure for alleviation of the symptom.

title: Selective peripheral denervation of the levator scapulae muscle for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['laterocollic cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic cervical dystonia']

answer: @entity6389 :: (MESH:D014103,Disease) :: ['laterocollic cervical dystonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine staging imaging for @entity0 is not recommended. Despite this, there is clinical practice variation with imaging studies obtained for asymptomatic @entity1 with a positive sentinel node (SN+). We characterize the utility, cost, and clinical implications of imaging studies obtained in asymptomatic SN+ @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of asymptomatic, clinically node-negative @entity1 who were found to have a positive sentinel node after surgery. The type of imaging, subsequent tests/interventions, frequency of additional malignancy detected, and costs were recorded. RESULTS: From April 2009 to April 2013, a total of 50 of 113 (44%) asymptomatic @entity1 underwent staging imaging for a positive sentinel node; 11 (22%) @entity1 had at least 1 subsequent imaging study or diagnostic intervention. No instance of metastatic @entity0 was identified, with a total cost of imaging calculated at  116,905. CONCLUSIONS: Staging imaging for asymptomatic SN+ @entity0 demonstrates clinical variation. These tests were associated with low utility, increased costs, and frequent false positives leading to subsequent testing/intervention. Evidence-based standardization may help increase quality by decreasing unnecessary variation and cost.

title: Value analysis of postoperative staging imaging for asymptomatic, XXXX : implications of clinical variation on utility and cost.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is a recently described entity in the differential diagnosis of @entity5 . It is notable for a characteristic t(12;15)(p13;q25) translocation that results in a unique fusion protein, @entity9604 - @entity13820 . While several studies have retrospectively identified this translocation in cases previously diagnosed as a different @entity5 , there have been relatively few cases where this translocation was identified on initial pathology results, and fewer still in a pediatric population. We present a case of a 15 year old female with a slowly enlarging, painless, left facial mass. MRI demonstrated a cystic mass extending into the deep lobe of the parotid, and she underwent parotidectomy. The @entity5 cells stained positive for @entity2281 and @entity4166 . @entity9604 translocation was present, confirming the diagnosis. @entity189 is a recently described @entity5 of the salivary glands, which often masquerades as more common primary @entity5 and cysts. More research is needed to characterize the typical behavior of this @entity5 and the optimal treatment regimen. With identification of its characteristic translocation, mammary analogue @entity189 can be easily differentiated from its more prevalent counterparts, and should therefore remain within the differential of the pathologist and head and neck surgeon.

title: A pediatric case of mammary analogue XXXX within the parotid.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'salivary malignancy', 'salivary gland tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['MASC', 'secretory carcinoma', 'Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['secretory carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity28 in childhood is predictive of @entity28 in adulthood and it is associated with adverse health effect apparent since childhood; however, the joint assessment of @entity28 and adverse events among @entity1 in clinical settings is unusual. OBJECTIVES: to assess the association of overweight and @entity28 , @entity1144 , and excess body fat with systolic [ @entity13519 ] and diastolic [ @entity13520 ] blood pressure, lipid profile and @entity413 levels; and to identify the best anthropometric indicator of such events. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we conducted a cross-sectional study in a sample of 412 schoolchildren. The presence of overweight and @entity28 , @entity1144 and excess body fat was determined among all @entity1 ; levels of total @entity165 , @entity1674 , high and low density lipoproteins, and @entity413 were measured in a subsample (n = 133). The associations of interest were assessed using adjusted linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS: 33% of the @entity1 were overweight or @entity28 . Overall, overweight, @entity28 , @entity1144 , and excess body fat were associated with elevated @entity13519 and @entity13520 and with a lipid profile and @entity413 levels that could indicate health risks among these @entity1 . Overweight and @entity28 were the best predictors of such events. CONCLUSIONS: among these school-aged @entity1 , we observed that @entity28 was associated with high odds of having adverse health outcomes such as @entity101 , lipids and @entity413 . Such adverse events can be predicted by the presence of @entity28 measured by BMI, which is a noninvasive, inexpensive and easy to implement measure.

title: [ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS AND CARDIOMETABOLIC EVENTS AMONG SCHOOLAGED XXXX FROM SONORA, MEXICO].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['CHILDREN']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of metabolism in @entity1 with @entity1625 complicated by @entity881 ( @entity881 ), and the effects of nutritional support in different periods. METHODS: In 32 @entity1 out of 66 @entity1 suffering from @entity881 nutritional support was given through different channels according to different disease stages. In the first period, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) should be implemented when acute stress was just over and the functions of gastro-intestinal system was still in a bad condition. During the second period, TPN and enteral nutrition(EN) could be instituted at the same time, when the state of illness was under control. In the third period, if the condition of the @entity1 was totally controlled, and the function of stomach and intestine had completely recovered, total EN could be given after a transitional period. RESULTS: In these 32 @entity1 , 23 @entity1 were cured successfully and 9 @entity1 died; the mortality was 28.12%. In those 34 @entity1 treated with conventional methods, 19 @entity1 were cured while 15 @entity1 died, and the mortality was 44.11% (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: When @entity881 occurred, metabolism is disturbed, and the body is unable to utilize the supplied nutrients and to get rid of the catabolic products. There fore, it seemed to be necessary to give nutrition support in different manner during different periods of the disease. Otherwise, the disease might be aggravated.

title: [Characteristics of metabolism and nutrition support during different periods in XXXX complicated by @entity881 ].

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal surgical diseases']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MODS', 'multiple organ dysfunction syndrome']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['abdominal surgical diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of metabolism in @entity1 with @entity1625 complicated by @entity881 ( @entity881 ), and the effects of nutritional support in different periods. METHODS: In 32 @entity1 out of 66 @entity1 suffering from @entity881 nutritional support was given through different channels according to different disease stages. In the first period, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) should be implemented when acute stress was just over and the functions of gastro-intestinal system was still in a bad condition. During the second period, TPN and enteral nutrition(EN) could be instituted at the same time, when the state of illness was under control. In the third period, if the condition of the @entity1 was totally controlled, and the function of stomach and intestine had completely recovered, total EN could be given after a transitional period. RESULTS: In these 32 @entity1 , 23 @entity1 were cured successfully and 9 @entity1 died; the mortality was 28.12%. In those 34 @entity1 treated with conventional methods, 19 @entity1 were cured while 15 @entity1 died, and the mortality was 44.11% (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: When @entity881 occurred, metabolism is disturbed, and the body is unable to utilize the supplied nutrients and to get rid of the catabolic products. There fore, it seemed to be necessary to give nutrition support in different manner during different periods of the disease. Otherwise, the disease might be aggravated.

title: [Characteristics of metabolism and nutrition support during different periods in @entity1625 complicated by XXXX ].

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome']


abstract: WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1229 is an important drug for the prevention of @entity1031 events such as @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, it is commonly implicated in major adverse drug events, which may result in reluctance to prescribe @entity1229 , especially in the institutionalised elderly population. This study aimed to assess the current trends in the antithrombotic management of @entity955 in aged care facilities (ACFs) in Tasmania, Australia, and to compare this with current recommendations. METHODS: We performed a non-experimental, retrospective cohort study designed to evaluate antithrombotic usage for @entity955 in @entity9598 residents in Tasmania. Residents with @entity955 were identified on a @entity1 -by- @entity1 basis from residential case-note summaries collected from 29 of the 64 ACFs in Tasmania. The CHADS-2 score and the presence or absence of documented contraindications were used to determine the appropriateness of the current antithrombotic therapy prescribed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Fifteen per cent (262/1737) of the @entity9598 residents were diagnosed with @entity955 . Nine per cent of the residents with @entity955 had a contraindication to antithrombotic therapy (either @entity1229 or antiplatelet therapy). Eighty-one per cent of residents were eligible for treatment with @entity1229 according to the CHADS-2 score and did not appear to have a contraindication to @entity1229 . Of these, only 38% were prescribed @entity1229 ; 16% (40/255) did not receive any antithrombotic treatment, despite being eligible for treatment with @entity1229 or antiplatelet therapy. Residents who did not receive any antithrombotic treatment or who received antiplatelet treatment were significantly older than those treated with anticoagulants. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that antithrombotic therapy, particularly @entity1229 , is underused in @entity9598 -dwelling elderly @entity1 who are eligible for treatment.

title: Evaluation of antithrombotic usage for XXXX in aged care facilities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Scaling left atrial (LA) size remains a challenge. An allometric model using body weight (BW) as scaling variable was recently proposed. We sought to examine the performance of this model in an @entity28 population. METHODS: A total of 266 consecutive overweight (110) and @entity28 subjects (class I, II, and III @entity28 81, 47, and 28, respectively) were studied; 46 normal subjects with normal body mass index (BMI) served as controls. @entity18301 ( @entity18301 ) was scaled to BW, body surface area (BSA), BMI and height, respectively, using both isometric and allometric models. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, gender, or height among the five groups. The prevalence of comorbid conditions, wall thickness, E/E' and @entity18301 measures increased significantly with increasing weight group (P < 0.01-0.001). With the isometric model, @entity18301 corrected by BW, BSA, and BMI significantly but @entity2121 decreased across the groups (P < 0.05-0.001). With the allometric model, @entity18301 overcorrection by BM, BSA, and BMI was improved, but remained in the class III @entity28 group. In contrast, scaling @entity18301 to height showed significant and graded increase across the five groups in accordance with the increases of BMI, E/E' and the prevalence of comorbid conditions. CONCLUSION: All isometric models that correct @entity18301 by BW or BW containing variables underestimate LA size in overweight and @entity28 groups. The allometric model using height provides more consistent results and should be preferred to models using BW or BW containing variables in scaling @entity18301 in @entity28 population.

title: Allometric model improves scaling of left atrial size in XXXX population: the use of body weight containing variables is challenged.

entities_list: @entity18301 :: ('MESH:C535395', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'LA dimension']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxically']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The study includes 10 @entity1 affected by @entity439 of @entity50 who underwent surgery. The @entity439 involved the "non coronary" sinus in 5 cases and the right coronary sinus in 5. All the @entity439 prolapsed into the right cardiac chambers. @entity299 were present in 6 @entity1 . 4 @entity1 were asymptomatic, 2 were in NYHA class III and 4 in class IV and one was in @entity1455 . Indications for surgery were hemodynamic impairment due to the shunt and/or associated anomalies. Surgical treatment included resection of the @entity439 , suture of its orifice and correction of associated @entity299 . @entity204 only occurred in one @entity1 , who arrived at surgery in @entity1455 . 8 @entity1 were followed-up for a mean period of 40 months (range 11 to 84 months), after operation: satisfactory clinical conditions were found in all of them. A mild @entity337 was only observed in one @entity1 , 8 years after surgery.

title: [ XXXX . Study of ten treated subjects (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Additional cardiac anomalies', 'cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Valsalva sinus']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysms of the Valsalva sinus']


abstract: AIMS: To compare kinematic parameters (ie, amplitude, velocity, cycle frequency) of chewing and @entity158 characteristics in a group of female myofascial @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) @entity1 with an age-matched control female group, and to study correlations between psychological variables and kinematic variables of chewing. METHODS: Twenty-nine female @entity1 were recruited. All @entity1 were categorized according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for @entity2956 ( @entity20683 / @entity2956 ) into control (n = 14, mean age 28.9 years, SD 5.0 years) or @entity2956 (n = 15, mean age 31.3 years, SD 10.7) groups. Jaw movements were recorded during free gum chewing and chewing standardized for timing. @entity1 completed the @entity308 , @entity148 , and Stress Scales (DASS-42), the @entity158 Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Fear of @entity158 Questionnaire-III (FPQ-III), and the @entity158 Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ). Statistical analyses involved evaluation for group differences, and correlations between kinematic variables and psychological questionnaire scores (eg, @entity308 , @entity148 , stress) and @entity158 intensity ratings. RESULTS: Velocity and amplitude of standardized (but not free) chewing were significantly greater (P < .05) in the @entity2956 group than the control group. There were significant (P < .05) positive correlations between @entity158 intensity ratings and velocity and amplitude of standardized chewing but not free chewing. There were significant (P < .05) positive correlations between @entity308 and jaw amplitude and stress and jaw velocity for standardized but not free chewing. CONCLUSION: This exploratory study has provided data suggesting that psychological factors, manifesting in @entity308 and stress, play a role in influencing the association between @entity158 and motor activity.

title: Chewing in XXXX @entity1 : an exploratory study of an association with some psychological variables.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'temporomandibular disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorder']


abstract: AIMS: To compare kinematic parameters (ie, amplitude, velocity, cycle frequency) of chewing and @entity158 characteristics in a group of female myofascial @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) @entity1 with an age-matched control female group, and to study correlations between psychological variables and kinematic variables of chewing. METHODS: Twenty-nine female @entity1 were recruited. All @entity1 were categorized according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for @entity2956 ( @entity20683 / @entity2956 ) into control (n = 14, mean age 28.9 years, SD 5.0 years) or @entity2956 (n = 15, mean age 31.3 years, SD 10.7) groups. Jaw movements were recorded during free gum chewing and chewing standardized for timing. @entity1 completed the @entity308 , @entity148 , and Stress Scales (DASS-42), the @entity158 Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Fear of @entity158 Questionnaire-III (FPQ-III), and the @entity158 Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ). Statistical analyses involved evaluation for group differences, and correlations between kinematic variables and psychological questionnaire scores (eg, @entity308 , @entity148 , stress) and @entity158 intensity ratings. RESULTS: Velocity and amplitude of standardized (but not free) chewing were significantly greater (P < .05) in the @entity2956 group than the control group. There were significant (P < .05) positive correlations between @entity158 intensity ratings and velocity and amplitude of standardized chewing but not free chewing. There were significant (P < .05) positive correlations between @entity308 and jaw amplitude and stress and jaw velocity for standardized but not free chewing. CONCLUSION: This exploratory study has provided data suggesting that psychological factors, manifesting in @entity308 and stress, play a role in influencing the association between @entity158 and motor activity.

title: Chewing in @entity2956 XXXX : an exploratory study of an association with some psychological variables.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: It is necessary to understand the full burden of illness of a disease before the value of interventions can be assessed. @entity309 ( @entity309 ) has an impact on a variety of stakeholders, including @entity1 , healthcare systems, and society as a whole. This overview discusses the societal and @entity1 perspectives, distinguishing several domains of impact. Epidemiology is important from a societal perspective, as it affects the total impact on health and costs related to @entity309 and influences healthcare organization priorities. Co-morbidities, such as @entity65 , are important factors contributing to the impact of @entity309 . The impact on health is, naturally, relevant to both @entity1 and society as a whole, and is summarized by health-related quality-of-life measures from the point of view of the @entity1 and by utilities from the societal perspective. Similarly, work participation is important for both @entity1 and society. Withdrawal from the labor force and short- and long-term sick leave are extensively studied in @entity309 and lead to substantial productivity costs at the societal level and to @entity393 for @entity1 . In addition, the recent concept of presenteeism, which reflects the problems that @entity1 experience while at work, is considered. Finally, the costs of illness of @entity309 are summarized. Societal costs are mainly driven by the costs of drug treatment and inpatient care, including surgery. @entity1 and family costs are mainly driven by the need for formal and informal care. Overall, @entity309 has a significant impact on the health of and costs to @entity1 and society, suggesting that effective interventions to reduce the impact are of value.

title: The burden of illness of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['income loss']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity96 ( @entity96 ) is one of the most frequent @entity5 , in which the potentially curative treatment is surgery: partial surgical resection or liver transplant. OBJECTIVES: To determine the morbidity and mortality, survival, and their associated factors in @entity1 with @entity96 , according to the type of surgical treatment: partial surgical resection or liver transplant. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational follow-up study of @entity96 @entity1 diagnosed and treated from June 1994 to December 2007. A descriptive analysis of the variables was performed, as well as a Kaplan- Meier survival analysis and Cox regression. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity5 recurrence in the 150 transplant @entity1 was 13.3%, with a survival at 1, 3, and 5 years of 89.3%, 73.1% and 61.4%, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that only the histological grade/differentiation was an independent risk factor. In the 33 @entity1 with partial surgical resection, the incidence of @entity5 was 51.5%, with a survival at 1, 3, and 5 years of 90.9%, 60.2%, and 38.6%, respectively. A significantly higher mortality was observed in @entity1 with @entity5 and TNM staging. CONCLUSIONS: The survival throughout follow-up was higher in liver transplant, and @entity5 recurrence was more frequent in @entity1 with partial surgical resection. The survival results in transplanted @entity1 are consistent with the Spanish and European Liver Transplant Register and with the United Network for Organ Sharing register.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX : experience of the A Coru  a UHC (Spain)].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['higher tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver cancer', 'LC']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: Experiments were designed to test, using 76 @entity1707 , 1) whether a humoral factor inducing @entity1184 is released after partial enterectomy or not, and 2) whether visceral sensitivity conducted to the central nervous system by the route of the vagus plays a role in the @entity1184 or not. Vascular parabiosis was established between @entity1707 paired for an identical blood group and histocompatibility. A continuous blood cross circulation was maintained for 410 h either between two normal @entity1707 or between a normal and a jejunectomized (30 per cent) @entity1707 . Their growth and food intake, and the tissue weight of their small intestine were checked. Both the jejunectomized @entity1707 and their unoperated partners showed a significant @entity1184 of the small intestine, whether residual or intact, as compared to intact @entity1707 cross circulated between them. The @entity1184 observed in the unoperated partners of the jejunectomized @entity1707 was not the result of any @entity7298 . There was thus a true humoral mediation of the @entity1184 . Vagal deafferentation, i.e. a selective surgical suppression of the vagal afferent (sensory) pathways originating below the diaphragm, was performed in jejunectomized @entity1707 . Their performances and small intestine morphology (whole tissue weight and dry weight of the mucosa) were compared to those measured in jejunectomized but vagally intact @entity1707 . The dry weight of the mucosa of the residual small intestine in resected @entity1707 was restored (after 28 days) at a value similar to that measured for the intact small intestine in controls. Opposite to that, the dry weight of the mucosa of the residual intestine of resected + deafferented @entity1707 was significantly lower, due to the absence of any @entity1184 . This difference did not result from any change in the food intake level. Therefore it was concluded that vagal afferences from the digestive tract are necessary in eliciting the @entity1184 . From these results and some recent bibliographical data, it is tentatively concluded that @entity1184 of the residual small intestine after partial enterectomy might be mediated through a neuro-humoral feedback whose afferent way would be the vagal sensory pathway, and efferent way would be a hormonal one monitored by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal @entity2270 .

title: XXXX of the residual small intestine after partial enterectomy. A neurohumoral feedback?

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['Compensatory hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The neosquamous mucosa that replaces ablated esophageal endothelium after @entity33 for @entity355 or @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) may retain buried glandular tissue. This study aimed to assess the @entity5 potential, cellular proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis of this buried glandular tissue by measuring @entity2247 , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression in these tissues. METHODS: A prospectively collected database was sourced for esophageal biopsy specimens with normal histologic appearance, @entity355 , @entity1893 , @entity420 , and postablation mucosa comprising ablated Barrett's and ablated @entity1893 . Quantitative analysis of cellular markers was achieved immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies for the @entity2247 enzyme (suggesting increased @entity5 potential), Ki-67 antigen (suggesting cellular proliferation), and @entity588 oncoprotein (suggesting oncogenic resistance to apoptosis). Grading was performed by independent, blinded observers, and the pre- and postablation cellular disparities were subsequently noted. RESULTS: The buried glandular elements of postablation mucosa demonstrated universally greater @entity2247 , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression than normal esophagus. @entity355 and @entity420 expressed significantly greater @entity2247 and Ki-67 at the deep glandular level than postablation mucosa. @entity1893 demonstrated greater Ki-67 expression than the postablation tissue but only within the superficial glands. Overall, the expression of @entity2247 correlated significantly with Ki-67 expression in deep glandular tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Ablation of pathologic mucosa in @entity355 and @entity1893 reduces the expression of some markers of @entity146 . However, the buried glandular tissue of the postablation mucosa still exhibits a higher expression than normal esophageal epithelium. This has potential implications for the follow-up treatment of these @entity1 because it is unclear whether the true risk of @entity5 progression is adequately reduced. A more comprehensive study is required to address this issue.

title: Comparison of @entity2247 , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression in normal esophageal mucosa, @entity355 , dysplasia, and XXXX with postablation mucosa and implications for ablative therapies.

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus", "Barrett's metaplasia"]

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic mucosal ablation']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The neosquamous mucosa that replaces ablated esophageal endothelium after @entity33 for @entity355 or @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) may retain buried glandular tissue. This study aimed to assess the @entity5 potential, cellular proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis of this buried glandular tissue by measuring @entity2247 , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression in these tissues. METHODS: A prospectively collected database was sourced for esophageal biopsy specimens with normal histologic appearance, @entity355 , @entity1893 , @entity420 , and postablation mucosa comprising ablated Barrett's and ablated @entity1893 . Quantitative analysis of cellular markers was achieved immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies for the @entity2247 enzyme (suggesting increased @entity5 potential), Ki-67 antigen (suggesting cellular proliferation), and @entity588 oncoprotein (suggesting oncogenic resistance to apoptosis). Grading was performed by independent, blinded observers, and the pre- and postablation cellular disparities were subsequently noted. RESULTS: The buried glandular elements of postablation mucosa demonstrated universally greater @entity2247 , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression than normal esophagus. @entity355 and @entity420 expressed significantly greater @entity2247 and Ki-67 at the deep glandular level than postablation mucosa. @entity1893 demonstrated greater Ki-67 expression than the postablation tissue but only within the superficial glands. Overall, the expression of @entity2247 correlated significantly with Ki-67 expression in deep glandular tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Ablation of pathologic mucosa in @entity355 and @entity1893 reduces the expression of some markers of @entity146 . However, the buried glandular tissue of the postablation mucosa still exhibits a higher expression than normal esophageal epithelium. This has potential implications for the follow-up treatment of these @entity1 because it is unclear whether the true risk of @entity5 progression is adequately reduced. A more comprehensive study is required to address this issue.

title: Comparison of XXXX , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression in normal esophageal mucosa, @entity355 , dysplasia, and @entity420 with postablation mucosa and implications for ablative therapies.

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The neosquamous mucosa that replaces ablated esophageal endothelium after @entity33 for @entity355 or @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) may retain buried glandular tissue. This study aimed to assess the @entity5 potential, cellular proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis of this buried glandular tissue by measuring @entity2247 , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression in these tissues. METHODS: A prospectively collected database was sourced for esophageal biopsy specimens with normal histologic appearance, @entity355 , @entity1893 , @entity420 , and postablation mucosa comprising ablated Barrett's and ablated @entity1893 . Quantitative analysis of cellular markers was achieved immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies for the @entity2247 enzyme (suggesting increased @entity5 potential), Ki-67 antigen (suggesting cellular proliferation), and @entity588 oncoprotein (suggesting oncogenic resistance to apoptosis). Grading was performed by independent, blinded observers, and the pre- and postablation cellular disparities were subsequently noted. RESULTS: The buried glandular elements of postablation mucosa demonstrated universally greater @entity2247 , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression than normal esophagus. @entity355 and @entity420 expressed significantly greater @entity2247 and Ki-67 at the deep glandular level than postablation mucosa. @entity1893 demonstrated greater Ki-67 expression than the postablation tissue but only within the superficial glands. Overall, the expression of @entity2247 correlated significantly with Ki-67 expression in deep glandular tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Ablation of pathologic mucosa in @entity355 and @entity1893 reduces the expression of some markers of @entity146 . However, the buried glandular tissue of the postablation mucosa still exhibits a higher expression than normal esophageal epithelium. This has potential implications for the follow-up treatment of these @entity1 because it is unclear whether the true risk of @entity5 progression is adequately reduced. A more comprehensive study is required to address this issue.

title: Comparison of @entity2247 , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression in normal esophageal mucosa, XXXX , dysplasia, and @entity420 with postablation mucosa and implications for ablative therapies.

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The neosquamous mucosa that replaces ablated esophageal endothelium after @entity33 for @entity355 or @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) may retain buried glandular tissue. This study aimed to assess the @entity5 potential, cellular proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis of this buried glandular tissue by measuring @entity2247 , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression in these tissues. METHODS: A prospectively collected database was sourced for esophageal biopsy specimens with normal histologic appearance, @entity355 , @entity1893 , @entity420 , and postablation mucosa comprising ablated Barrett's and ablated @entity1893 . Quantitative analysis of cellular markers was achieved immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies for the @entity2247 enzyme (suggesting increased @entity5 potential), Ki-67 antigen (suggesting cellular proliferation), and @entity588 oncoprotein (suggesting oncogenic resistance to apoptosis). Grading was performed by independent, blinded observers, and the pre- and postablation cellular disparities were subsequently noted. RESULTS: The buried glandular elements of postablation mucosa demonstrated universally greater @entity2247 , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression than normal esophagus. @entity355 and @entity420 expressed significantly greater @entity2247 and Ki-67 at the deep glandular level than postablation mucosa. @entity1893 demonstrated greater Ki-67 expression than the postablation tissue but only within the superficial glands. Overall, the expression of @entity2247 correlated significantly with Ki-67 expression in deep glandular tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Ablation of pathologic mucosa in @entity355 and @entity1893 reduces the expression of some markers of @entity146 . However, the buried glandular tissue of the postablation mucosa still exhibits a higher expression than normal esophageal epithelium. This has potential implications for the follow-up treatment of these @entity1 because it is unclear whether the true risk of @entity5 progression is adequately reduced. A more comprehensive study is required to address this issue.

title: Comparison of @entity2247 , Ki-67, and XXXX expression in normal esophageal mucosa, @entity355 , dysplasia, and @entity420 with postablation mucosa and implications for ablative therapies.

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['BCL-2']


abstract: The level, distribution, compositional pattern, and possible sources of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) in agricultural soil of Shanghai were investigated. The concentrations ranged from 140.7 to 2,370.8  g kg(   -1) for 21 @entity2556 and from 92.2 to 2,062.7  g kg(   -1) for 16 priority @entity2556 , respectively. The higher level of @entity2556 was mainly distributed in the south and west of Shanghai region, and the lower concentration was found in Chongming Island. Generally, the composition pattern of @entity2556 was characterized with high molecular weight @entity2556 , the seven possible carcinogenic @entity2556 accounted for 4.8-50.8% of the total @entity2556 , and @entity14368 , @entity9435 , and @entity12685 were the most dominant components in soil samples. The correlation analysis suggested that low molecular weight @entity2556 and high molecular weight @entity2556 were originated from different sources and further corroborated that total organic @entity505 was a key soil property affecting the fate of persistent organic pollutants in the environment. The isomer ratios and principal component analysis indicated that @entity2556 in the investigated areas were derived primarily from combustion of biomass, coal, and petroleum. Compared to the soil quality standards of the Netherlands, all the target @entity2556 (except Ant) in most samples exceeded their target values. The Nemerow composite index based on the same soil quality standard showed that 69.4% of the soil samples were heavily polluted. The total BaP(eq) of ten Dutch target @entity2556 in 72% soil samples were higher than the reference total carcinogenic potency. Therefore, the agricultural soil in Shanghai is suffering from serious @entity2556 contamination.

title: Contamination, source identification, and risk assessment of XXXX in agricultural soil of Shanghai, China.

entities_list: @entity12685 :: ('MESH:C006703', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[b]fluoranthene']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity14368 :: ('MESH:C007738', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoranthene']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: The fate of @entity2479 cells after @entity18489 has been thoroughly described in @entity35 , but not in @entity19 , despite the fact that this species is amply used as a model to study different experimental paradigms that affect @entity2479 cell population. Here we have analyzed, quantitatively and topographically, the course of @entity19 @entity2479 cells loss induced by intraorbital nerve transection. To do this, we have doubly identified @entity2479 cells in all retinas by tracing them from their main retinorecipient area, the superior colliculi, and by their expression of @entity16159 (product of @entity16159 gene). In @entity35 , this transcription factor is expressed by a majority of @entity2479 cells; however in @entity19 it is not known how many out of the whole population of these neurons express it. Thus, in this work we have assessed, as well, the total population of @entity16159 positive @entity2479 cells. These were automatically quantified in all whole-mounted retinas using a newly developed routine. In control retinas, traced- @entity2479 cells were automatically quantified, using the previously reported method (Salinas-Navarro et  al., 2009b). After @entity18489 , though, traced- @entity2479 cells had to be manually quantified by retinal sampling and their total population was afterwards inferred. In na  ve whole-mounts, the mean (  standard deviation) total number of traced- @entity2479 cells was 40,437(  3196) and of @entity16159 positive ones was 34,697(  1821). @entity2479 cell loss was first significant for both markers 5 days post-axotomy and by day 21, the last time point analyzed, only 15% or 12% of traced or @entity16159 positive @entity2479 cells respectively, survived. Isodensity maps showed that, in control retinas, @entity16159 and traced- @entity2479 cells were distributed similarly, being densest in the dorsal retina along the naso-temporal axis. After axotomy the progressive loss of @entity16159 positive @entity2479 cells was diffuse and affected the entire retina. In conclusion, this is the first study assessing the values, in terms of total number and density, of the @entity2479 cells surviving axotomy from 2 till 21 days post-lesion. Besides, we have demonstrated that @entity16159 is expressed by 85.6% of the total @entity2479 cell population, and because @entity16159 positive @entity2479 cells show the same spatial distribution and temporal course of degeneration than traced ones, @entity16159 is a reliable marker to identify, quantify and assess, ex-vivo, @entity2479 cell loss in this species.

title: Axotomy-induced retinal ganglion cell death in adult XXXX : quantitative and topographic time course analyses.

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion', 'Retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity18489 :: ('MESH:D020221', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of preexisting @entity63 detected by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) on long-term survival, and cardiac and neurologic events after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: Of 923 @entity1 who underwent CABG between 1994 and 2007, 887 @entity1 (96.1%) were followed up. Preoperative brain MRI and MRA were performed in 619 @entity1 . @entity63 was detected by brain MRI and MRA in 158 @entity1 (group A), but not in 461 @entity1 (group B). Preoperative characteristics, follow-up survival, and cardiac and neurological events were investigated. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 6.0    4.3 years. Univariate analysis showed that @entity1 in group A (68.5    6.5 years) were older than those in group B (64.5    8.6 years) (p = 0.0001). Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction was less in group A (0.516    0.175) than in group B (0.556    0.165) (p = 0.02). The prevalence of @entity1095 was higher in group A (14 @entity1 : 8.9%) than in group B (11 @entity1 : 2.4%) (p = 0.001). The rate of on-pump CABG was lower in group A (115 @entity1 ; 72.8%) than in group B (383 @entity1 ; 83.1%) (p = 0.007). Survival rate was significantly lower (p = 0.062), and freedom from major adverse cardiac event or @entity64 were significantly lower in group A (p = 0.0002, and p = 0.0001, respectively; log-rank test). However, the Cox proportional hazard model showed that preoperative @entity2806 detected by brain MRI and MRA affected only freedom from neurologic events (p = 0.02; hazard ratio 2.52; 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 5.62), but not survival (p = 0.67) or major adverse cardiac event (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Preexisting ischemic findings on brain MRI and MRA in @entity1 who underwent CABG were related only to long-term freedom from @entity64 , but were not related to survival or major adverse cardiac event.

title: Impact of preexisting XXXX detected by magnetic resonance imaging and angiography on late outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: Electromyographic registration of a skeletal muscle allows to point out not only the phasic activation but also the tonic activity which otherwise is difficult to value. We registered the spontaneous electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius muscle in stressed @entity35 . The intensity of the electromyographic signal is measured by electronic rectification and integration. We studied the dose-effect correlation of some neurotropic drugs: @entity4485 , @entity31056 , @entity2644 , @entity3216 , @entity3659 , @entity2254 . @entity2644 progressively reduces the spontaneous mioelectric activity until the whole abolition. At the studied doses Meprobamate doesn't reduce completely the spontaneous activity. At small doses of Pentobarbitral the spontaneous activity increases while at high doses it's abolished. At small doses @entity3659 becomes an exciting drug while at higher doses it reduces the spontaneous mioelectric activity. @entity3216 at small doses inhibits the spontaneous activity while at high doses it seems to increase it. At all tested doses @entity2254 remarkably increases the spontaneous mioelectric activity.

title: [Effect of some psychotropic drugs on spontaneous electromyographic activity in the stressed XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['D-Amphetamine', 'D-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['Amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity31056 :: ('MESH:D008620', 'Chemical') :: ['Meprobamate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and long-term outcomes of our initial series of robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. METHODS: We conducted a prospective analysis of our series of robotic sacrocolpopexy. INCLUSION CRITERIA: @entity1 with grades III and IV cystocele and or other symptomatic @entity3577 . We performed a transperitoneal four-trocar technique with the Da Vinci robotic system using two @entity7502 meshes for fixation to the sacral promontory. The primary outcome was recurrence; secondary outcomes included operating room time, @entity190 , conversion to open surgery, complications and length of stay. RESULTS: 31 consecutive procedures were included. Mean @entity1 age was 65.2 (50-81) years. Mean operating room time was 186 (150-230) min. We converted 1 case to laparoscopy (3.2%). There were two major complications (1 acute @entity583 and 1 reoperation for excess tension with @entity1163 ), two minor complications (1 wound @entity281 and 1 ileus) and no recurrences at a mean follow-up of 24.5 (16-33) months. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic sacrocolpopexy could possibly improve with experience after overcoming the learning curve. There is no doubt it is a reproducible technique, but its safety and efficacy still need to be proven. Our initial series demonstrated good outcomes and no recurrences at 24.5 months of follow-up.

title: Long-term outcomes after robotic sacrocolpopexy in XXXX : prospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fungal spores are the predominant biological particulate in the atmosphere of Puerto Rico, yet their potential as allergens has not been studied in subjects with @entity1576 . The purpose of this study was to determine the level of sensitization of subjects with @entity1576 to these particles. METHODS: Serum samples were drawn from 33 subjects with @entity565 , @entity2023 , or nonallergic @entity2490 and 2 controls with different skin prick test reactivity. An MK-3 sampler was used to collect air samples and the reactivity of the sera to fungal particles was detected with a halogen immunoassay. RESULTS: All subjects reacted to at least 1 fungal particle. Thirty-one subjects reacted to ascospores, 29 to basidiospores, 19 to hyphae/ @entity364 , and 12 to mitospores. The median percentage of haloes in @entity2023 subjects was 4.82% while @entity565 or nonallergic @entity2490 subjects had values of 1.09 and 0.39%, respectively. Subjects with skin prick tests positive to 3, 2, 1, or no extract had 5.24, 1.09, 1.61, and, 0.57% of haloed particles, respectively. If skin prick tests were positive to basidiomycetes, pollen, animals, or deuteromycetes, the percentages of haloes were 4.72, 4.15, 3.63, and 3.31%, respectively. Of all haloed particles, 46% were unidentified, 25% ascospores, 20% basidiospores, 7% hyphae/ @entity364 , and 2% mitospores. IgE levels and the number of positive skin prick test extracts correlated with the percentage of haloes. CONCLUSION: In tropical environments, sensitization to airborne basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, and @entity364 seems to be more prevalent than sensitization to mitospores in subjects with active @entity566 , suggesting a possible role in exacerbations of @entity1576 .

title: Sensitization to airborne ascospores, basidiospores, and XXXX in @entity2023 and asthmatic subjects in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal fragments']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergies']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal fragments']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fungal spores are the predominant biological particulate in the atmosphere of Puerto Rico, yet their potential as allergens has not been studied in subjects with @entity1576 . The purpose of this study was to determine the level of sensitization of subjects with @entity1576 to these particles. METHODS: Serum samples were drawn from 33 subjects with @entity565 , @entity2023 , or nonallergic @entity2490 and 2 controls with different skin prick test reactivity. An MK-3 sampler was used to collect air samples and the reactivity of the sera to fungal particles was detected with a halogen immunoassay. RESULTS: All subjects reacted to at least 1 fungal particle. Thirty-one subjects reacted to ascospores, 29 to basidiospores, 19 to hyphae/ @entity364 , and 12 to mitospores. The median percentage of haloes in @entity2023 subjects was 4.82% while @entity565 or nonallergic @entity2490 subjects had values of 1.09 and 0.39%, respectively. Subjects with skin prick tests positive to 3, 2, 1, or no extract had 5.24, 1.09, 1.61, and, 0.57% of haloed particles, respectively. If skin prick tests were positive to basidiomycetes, pollen, animals, or deuteromycetes, the percentages of haloes were 4.72, 4.15, 3.63, and 3.31%, respectively. Of all haloed particles, 46% were unidentified, 25% ascospores, 20% basidiospores, 7% hyphae/ @entity364 , and 2% mitospores. IgE levels and the number of positive skin prick test extracts correlated with the percentage of haloes. CONCLUSION: In tropical environments, sensitization to airborne basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, and @entity364 seems to be more prevalent than sensitization to mitospores in subjects with active @entity566 , suggesting a possible role in exacerbations of @entity1576 .

title: Sensitization to airborne ascospores, basidiospores, and @entity364 in XXXX and asthmatic subjects in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: 1. At 3 degrees C the long duration of @entity972 contractures and the delay in the repriming process allow one to carry out solution changes while the responses are still in progress, making it possible to study the processes that determine the contracture time course.2. The contractures can be cut short by suddenly lowering the external @entity972 concentration to normal values. Re-exposure to the high @entity972 medium causes the fibres to redevelop @entity2701 , in a way that depends on the time at which the original response was interrupted.3. The period of interruption can be prolonged beyond the duration of the original contracture without affecting the second response. This redevelopment of @entity2701 is not associated with repriming since this process is much delayed. For thirty-five interrupted contractures the mean of the sum of the time integrals of @entity2701 in the two responses amounts to 98% of the mean of the time integral of @entity2701 in the uninterrupted contractures.4. Addition of @entity6513 or removal of @entity460 also causes the fibre to relax from a @entity972 contracture, although at a slower rate than that obtained by lowering the external @entity972 concentration. In these cases, however, no @entity2701 is redeveloped when the standard contracture medium is reapplied. When @entity460 in the contracture medium is replaced by @entity3406 , the contracture time course is not diminished.5. The results obtained with @entity972 contractures clearly show that the contractile activator is released continuously during a contracture. The prolonged time course of contractile responses in the cold can be explained at least in part by a prolonged release of @entity460 . There are no reasons to believe that at low temperature there is more activator available for release, and therefore it can be concluded that in the cold release of @entity460 proceeds at a slower rate.6. Release of @entity460 is under control of the membrane potential, and its time course can be determined either by a fixed store of available @entity460 that is depleted or by a membrane mechanism which is activated upon depolarization and later inactivates with time. The evidence obtained in the present work does not allow one to decide in favour of one of these two possibilities. However, the fact that contractures are prolonged in the cold, and the finding that repriming is delayed, can be utilized in further studies to clarify the mechanism that controls the release of @entity460 .

title: The time course of XXXX contractures of single muscle fibres.

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracaine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']