abstract: BACKGROUND: Past studies have reported a correlation between the presence and severity of @entity2521 and serum antibody titers to species-specific antigens of @entity2523 or to cross-reactive antigens, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and @entity1457 proteins (HSP), shared between @entity2523 and other bacteria. Our recent study of periodontal treatment outcome in insulin-dependent (type 1) @entity6 @entity1 with severe @entity2521 (IDDMI/ @entity2521 ) resulted in two key findings: 1. serum @entity367 decarboxylase autoantibody ( @entity1840 Ab) levels were significantly associated with periodontal pocket depth change (PDC) and 2. serum IgG titers to @entity2523 cells were positively associated with @entity1840 Ab level in seropositive ( @entity1840 Ab +) @entity1 . We have therefore hypothesized that profiles of serum autoantibody levels and IgG titers, to P. gingivalis-specific antigens may be useful in assessing risk for @entity2521 in such @entity1 . AIM: To determine whether PDC resulting from non-surgical periodontal treatment can be predicted using profiles of baseline IgG titers to P. gingivalis-specific antigens, @entity1 HSP, and @entity1840 . METHODS: PDC was assessed two months after non-surgical periodontal treatment of 7 @entity1840 Ab + and 11 @entity1840 AbIDDM/ @entity2521 @entity1 . Pretreatment titers to @entity1840 , recombinant @entity1 @entity1457 proteins ( @entity4041 , @entity2285 , and @entity11217 ), and various P. gingivalis antigens were measured using radioligand precipitation or enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays and compared to the same measurements for 154 recent-onset @entity1723 @entity1 and 46 non- @entity6 controls. RESULTS: Median titers (ELISA units) to @entity4041 and @entity2285 were significantly higher than non- @entity6 controls for @entity1840 Ab + (p degrees = 0.002) and @entity1840 Ab- (p = 0.034) @entity1723 / @entity2521 @entity1 , respectively. Multivariate regression analysis indicated significant partial correlation of PDC with log-transformed titers to @entity4041 (r = - 0.62, p = 0.008), @entity2285 (r = + 0.62, p = 0.009), @entity1840 (r = - 0.60, p = 0.01) and @entity2523 LPS (r = - 0.5 1, p = 0.04). Furthermore, hierarchical clustering of baseline profiles of log-transformed @entity4041 , @entity2285 , and @entity1840 Ab titers sorted @entity1 into two distinct clusters with significantly different median PDC (1.45 min, n = 10 vs. 0.65 min, n = 8; p = 0.016, Mann-Whitney). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment profiles of serum antibody titers to @entity4041 , @entity2285 , @entity1840 , and @entity2523 LPS may be useful for predicting which @entity1 with @entity1723 / @entity2521 will have a poor response to non-surgical periodontal therapy.

title: Serum IgG to @entity1457 proteins and XXXX gingivalis antigens in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2521 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'refractory periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['Porphyromonas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Past studies have reported a correlation between the presence and severity of @entity2521 and serum antibody titers to species-specific antigens of @entity2523 or to cross-reactive antigens, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and @entity1457 proteins (HSP), shared between @entity2523 and other bacteria. Our recent study of periodontal treatment outcome in insulin-dependent (type 1) @entity6 @entity1 with severe @entity2521 (IDDMI/ @entity2521 ) resulted in two key findings: 1. serum @entity367 decarboxylase autoantibody ( @entity1840 Ab) levels were significantly associated with periodontal pocket depth change (PDC) and 2. serum IgG titers to @entity2523 cells were positively associated with @entity1840 Ab level in seropositive ( @entity1840 Ab +) @entity1 . We have therefore hypothesized that profiles of serum autoantibody levels and IgG titers, to P. gingivalis-specific antigens may be useful in assessing risk for @entity2521 in such @entity1 . AIM: To determine whether PDC resulting from non-surgical periodontal treatment can be predicted using profiles of baseline IgG titers to P. gingivalis-specific antigens, @entity1 HSP, and @entity1840 . METHODS: PDC was assessed two months after non-surgical periodontal treatment of 7 @entity1840 Ab + and 11 @entity1840 AbIDDM/ @entity2521 @entity1 . Pretreatment titers to @entity1840 , recombinant @entity1 @entity1457 proteins ( @entity4041 , @entity2285 , and @entity11217 ), and various P. gingivalis antigens were measured using radioligand precipitation or enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays and compared to the same measurements for 154 recent-onset @entity1723 @entity1 and 46 non- @entity6 controls. RESULTS: Median titers (ELISA units) to @entity4041 and @entity2285 were significantly higher than non- @entity6 controls for @entity1840 Ab + (p degrees = 0.002) and @entity1840 Ab- (p = 0.034) @entity1723 / @entity2521 @entity1 , respectively. Multivariate regression analysis indicated significant partial correlation of PDC with log-transformed titers to @entity4041 (r = - 0.62, p = 0.008), @entity2285 (r = + 0.62, p = 0.009), @entity1840 (r = - 0.60, p = 0.01) and @entity2523 LPS (r = - 0.5 1, p = 0.04). Furthermore, hierarchical clustering of baseline profiles of log-transformed @entity4041 , @entity2285 , and @entity1840 Ab titers sorted @entity1 into two distinct clusters with significantly different median PDC (1.45 min, n = 10 vs. 0.65 min, n = 8; p = 0.016, Mann-Whitney). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment profiles of serum antibody titers to @entity4041 , @entity2285 , @entity1840 , and @entity2523 LPS may be useful for predicting which @entity1 with @entity1723 / @entity2521 will have a poor response to non-surgical periodontal therapy.

title: Serum IgG to XXXX proteins and @entity2523 gingivalis antigens in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2521 .

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Past studies have reported a correlation between the presence and severity of @entity2521 and serum antibody titers to species-specific antigens of @entity2523 or to cross-reactive antigens, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and @entity1457 proteins (HSP), shared between @entity2523 and other bacteria. Our recent study of periodontal treatment outcome in insulin-dependent (type 1) @entity6 @entity1 with severe @entity2521 (IDDMI/ @entity2521 ) resulted in two key findings: 1. serum @entity367 decarboxylase autoantibody ( @entity1840 Ab) levels were significantly associated with periodontal pocket depth change (PDC) and 2. serum IgG titers to @entity2523 cells were positively associated with @entity1840 Ab level in seropositive ( @entity1840 Ab +) @entity1 . We have therefore hypothesized that profiles of serum autoantibody levels and IgG titers, to P. gingivalis-specific antigens may be useful in assessing risk for @entity2521 in such @entity1 . AIM: To determine whether PDC resulting from non-surgical periodontal treatment can be predicted using profiles of baseline IgG titers to P. gingivalis-specific antigens, @entity1 HSP, and @entity1840 . METHODS: PDC was assessed two months after non-surgical periodontal treatment of 7 @entity1840 Ab + and 11 @entity1840 AbIDDM/ @entity2521 @entity1 . Pretreatment titers to @entity1840 , recombinant @entity1 @entity1457 proteins ( @entity4041 , @entity2285 , and @entity11217 ), and various P. gingivalis antigens were measured using radioligand precipitation or enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays and compared to the same measurements for 154 recent-onset @entity1723 @entity1 and 46 non- @entity6 controls. RESULTS: Median titers (ELISA units) to @entity4041 and @entity2285 were significantly higher than non- @entity6 controls for @entity1840 Ab + (p degrees = 0.002) and @entity1840 Ab- (p = 0.034) @entity1723 / @entity2521 @entity1 , respectively. Multivariate regression analysis indicated significant partial correlation of PDC with log-transformed titers to @entity4041 (r = - 0.62, p = 0.008), @entity2285 (r = + 0.62, p = 0.009), @entity1840 (r = - 0.60, p = 0.01) and @entity2523 LPS (r = - 0.5 1, p = 0.04). Furthermore, hierarchical clustering of baseline profiles of log-transformed @entity4041 , @entity2285 , and @entity1840 Ab titers sorted @entity1 into two distinct clusters with significantly different median PDC (1.45 min, n = 10 vs. 0.65 min, n = 8; p = 0.016, Mann-Whitney). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment profiles of serum antibody titers to @entity4041 , @entity2285 , @entity1840 , and @entity2523 LPS may be useful for predicting which @entity1 with @entity1723 / @entity2521 will have a poor response to non-surgical periodontal therapy.

title: Serum IgG to @entity1457 proteins and @entity2523 gingivalis antigens in XXXX @entity1 with @entity2521 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Past studies have reported a correlation between the presence and severity of @entity2521 and serum antibody titers to species-specific antigens of @entity2523 or to cross-reactive antigens, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and @entity1457 proteins (HSP), shared between @entity2523 and other bacteria. Our recent study of periodontal treatment outcome in insulin-dependent (type 1) @entity6 @entity1 with severe @entity2521 (IDDMI/ @entity2521 ) resulted in two key findings: 1. serum @entity367 decarboxylase autoantibody ( @entity1840 Ab) levels were significantly associated with periodontal pocket depth change (PDC) and 2. serum IgG titers to @entity2523 cells were positively associated with @entity1840 Ab level in seropositive ( @entity1840 Ab +) @entity1 . We have therefore hypothesized that profiles of serum autoantibody levels and IgG titers, to P. gingivalis-specific antigens may be useful in assessing risk for @entity2521 in such @entity1 . AIM: To determine whether PDC resulting from non-surgical periodontal treatment can be predicted using profiles of baseline IgG titers to P. gingivalis-specific antigens, @entity1 HSP, and @entity1840 . METHODS: PDC was assessed two months after non-surgical periodontal treatment of 7 @entity1840 Ab + and 11 @entity1840 AbIDDM/ @entity2521 @entity1 . Pretreatment titers to @entity1840 , recombinant @entity1 @entity1457 proteins ( @entity4041 , @entity2285 , and @entity11217 ), and various P. gingivalis antigens were measured using radioligand precipitation or enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays and compared to the same measurements for 154 recent-onset @entity1723 @entity1 and 46 non- @entity6 controls. RESULTS: Median titers (ELISA units) to @entity4041 and @entity2285 were significantly higher than non- @entity6 controls for @entity1840 Ab + (p degrees = 0.002) and @entity1840 Ab- (p = 0.034) @entity1723 / @entity2521 @entity1 , respectively. Multivariate regression analysis indicated significant partial correlation of PDC with log-transformed titers to @entity4041 (r = - 0.62, p = 0.008), @entity2285 (r = + 0.62, p = 0.009), @entity1840 (r = - 0.60, p = 0.01) and @entity2523 LPS (r = - 0.5 1, p = 0.04). Furthermore, hierarchical clustering of baseline profiles of log-transformed @entity4041 , @entity2285 , and @entity1840 Ab titers sorted @entity1 into two distinct clusters with significantly different median PDC (1.45 min, n = 10 vs. 0.65 min, n = 8; p = 0.016, Mann-Whitney). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment profiles of serum antibody titers to @entity4041 , @entity2285 , @entity1840 , and @entity2523 LPS may be useful for predicting which @entity1 with @entity1723 / @entity2521 will have a poor response to non-surgical periodontal therapy.

title: Serum IgG to @entity1457 proteins and @entity2523 gingivalis antigens in @entity6 @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Past studies have reported a correlation between the presence and severity of @entity2521 and serum antibody titers to species-specific antigens of @entity2523 or to cross-reactive antigens, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and @entity1457 proteins (HSP), shared between @entity2523 and other bacteria. Our recent study of periodontal treatment outcome in insulin-dependent (type 1) @entity6 @entity1 with severe @entity2521 (IDDMI/ @entity2521 ) resulted in two key findings: 1. serum @entity367 decarboxylase autoantibody ( @entity1840 Ab) levels were significantly associated with periodontal pocket depth change (PDC) and 2. serum IgG titers to @entity2523 cells were positively associated with @entity1840 Ab level in seropositive ( @entity1840 Ab +) @entity1 . We have therefore hypothesized that profiles of serum autoantibody levels and IgG titers, to P. gingivalis-specific antigens may be useful in assessing risk for @entity2521 in such @entity1 . AIM: To determine whether PDC resulting from non-surgical periodontal treatment can be predicted using profiles of baseline IgG titers to P. gingivalis-specific antigens, @entity1 HSP, and @entity1840 . METHODS: PDC was assessed two months after non-surgical periodontal treatment of 7 @entity1840 Ab + and 11 @entity1840 AbIDDM/ @entity2521 @entity1 . Pretreatment titers to @entity1840 , recombinant @entity1 @entity1457 proteins ( @entity4041 , @entity2285 , and @entity11217 ), and various P. gingivalis antigens were measured using radioligand precipitation or enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays and compared to the same measurements for 154 recent-onset @entity1723 @entity1 and 46 non- @entity6 controls. RESULTS: Median titers (ELISA units) to @entity4041 and @entity2285 were significantly higher than non- @entity6 controls for @entity1840 Ab + (p degrees = 0.002) and @entity1840 Ab- (p = 0.034) @entity1723 / @entity2521 @entity1 , respectively. Multivariate regression analysis indicated significant partial correlation of PDC with log-transformed titers to @entity4041 (r = - 0.62, p = 0.008), @entity2285 (r = + 0.62, p = 0.009), @entity1840 (r = - 0.60, p = 0.01) and @entity2523 LPS (r = - 0.5 1, p = 0.04). Furthermore, hierarchical clustering of baseline profiles of log-transformed @entity4041 , @entity2285 , and @entity1840 Ab titers sorted @entity1 into two distinct clusters with significantly different median PDC (1.45 min, n = 10 vs. 0.65 min, n = 8; p = 0.016, Mann-Whitney). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment profiles of serum antibody titers to @entity4041 , @entity2285 , @entity1840 , and @entity2523 LPS may be useful for predicting which @entity1 with @entity1723 / @entity2521 will have a poor response to non-surgical periodontal therapy.

title: Serum IgG to @entity1457 proteins and @entity2523 gingivalis antigens in @entity6 XXXX with @entity2521 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality and estimate survival for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity43 in Western Australia. CASE SELECTION AND METHODS: There were 1,336 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity43 in 1982-98. Age-standardised rates were calculated by the direct method. Age-period and age-cohort models were analysed by Poisson regression. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival and Cox proportional hazards regression evaluated the relative risk of dying. RESULTS: Trends in age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates showed little changed over the three time periods of diagnosis. A significant birth cohort effect showed a peak in the risk in the 1924 (mid-year) cohort followed by a general decrease in both incidence and mortality risk. Survival at five years was 34% (95% CI 31.3-36.5) overall, but was only 27% (95% CI 17.4-36.7) among @entity1 with @entity5 . Aboriginal @entity1 showed a risk of dying twice that of non-Aboriginal @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The birth cohort analysis of @entity43 proved better at explaining disease trends than was time period of diagnosis. Survival continues to be poor, but Aboriginal @entity1 and those with serous and unspecified @entity5 fair much worse. IMPLICATIONS: As the leading cause of @entity204 from a gynaecological @entity5 , @entity43 is of public health importance. Historical trends in birth rates and the use of oral contraceptives help to explain at least some of the observed birth cohort trends in this study. In the long term, an effective diagnostic technique needs to be developed or this disease will continue to be diagnosed at an advanced stage when treatment options for cure are limited.

title: XXXX in Western Australia (1982-98): incidence, mortality and survival.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III and IV disease', 'malignancy', 'adenocarcinoma tumours']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) is a chronic condition of unknown etiology with an unfavorable outcome from progressively deteriorating respiratory function, leading ultimately to death from @entity1576 . It is characterized by sequential @entity647 resulting in progressive fixed tissue @entity82 , @entity2167 and loss of function. An excess of profibrotic cytokines and/or a deficiency in antifibrotic cytokines have been implicated in the pathological process as has excessive oxidation. @entity2416 is distinguished from other forms of @entity3794 by the presence of the specific histological pattern of usual @entity401 . Oral @entity288 are the usual treatment, but objective response rates are poor and good quality studies do not exist. Other therapies either alone or in combination with @entity288 are widely used, including @entity500 , @entity3812 , @entity786 and @entity2361 . There is a paucity of good quality information regarding the effectiveness of most noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive agents. Older studies of lesser methodological quality have shown benefits from these drugs, generally when added to @entity288 . Many were retrospective reviews or uncontrolled, nonrandomized, open-label, prospective studies and often included other histological patterns of disease which are now thought to respond better to immunosuppressive agents. The results of intervention with @entity3812 and @entity500 have been disappointing when assessed by good quality trials using modern diagnostic criteria. Modern high quality studies are lacking for several agents, notably @entity786 and @entity2361 . The older agents may yet prove to be effective but further good quality trials will be necessary to assess these agents adequately. Other new anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic or anticytokine compounds are largely untried or unreported. One trial using interferon-gamma-1b showed a significant improvement in pulmonary function but there are concerns regarding the generalizability of this study. @entity3131 , @entity205 and @entity898 may also prove to be of benefit but current studies are of insufficient quality to allow for any conclusions to be drawn. Currently there is no good evidence to support the routine use of oral @entity288 , @entity500 , @entity786 , @entity2361 , @entity3812 , @entity205 or any other immunosuppressive, antifibrotic or immunomodulatory agent in the management of @entity2416 . Interferon, @entity3131 and other new agents may be of benefit but further studies are required. Any recommendations for treatment must therefore be made on an individual and empiric basis. As some other forms of @entity3794 may respond better to immunosuppressive agents, it remains important to make an accurate diagnosis, by open lung biopsy if necessary.

title: XXXX : current and future treatment options.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['architectural distortion']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis', 'diffuse pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity3131 :: ('MESH:C093844', 'Chemical') :: ['Pirfenidone', 'pirfenidone']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis', 'IPF']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: A significant proportion of @entity1 with slow-transit @entity1142 have @entity1319 . It is unclear whether @entity1319 indicates worse results after surgery for slow-transit @entity1142 . We studied the results of colectomy with @entity254 in @entity1 with normal and abnormal antroduodenal manometry findings. METHODS: Seventeen, consecutive @entity1 who had been referred for intractable @entity1142 and who were found to suffer from slow-transit @entity1142 underwent subtotal colectomy. All @entity1 underwent a set of diagnostic investigations, including whole gut transit time, anorectal manometry, antroduodenal manometry, electromyography of the anal sphincter, balloon expulsion test, and defecography. @entity1 were followed up after five years. RESULTS: @entity1 ' median age at the time of the operation was 46 (range, 23-70) years, and the median duration of @entity1142 was 31 (range, 11-65) years. One @entity1 died 21 days after the operation. Three @entity1 developed @entity8442 after the operation, and two of these died during the follow-up period. Fourteen @entity1 were available for follow-up after a median of five (range, 4-7) years. Bowel frequency was significantly increased from a median of 0 (range, 0-2) times per week to a median of 30 (range, 10-102) times per week after surgery (P<0.001). The incidence of @entity490 decreased from 94 to 43 percent. Seven of 13 @entity1 (54 percent) continued to have bloating. At long-term follow-up, 12 of 14 @entity1 (86 percent) reported that they had an overall improvement after surgery, despite continuing @entity158 and bloating in a significant proportion of them. The outcome of surgery was good or excellent in seven of seven @entity1 with normal findings on antroduodenal manometry, but only five of nine @entity1 with abnormal manometry findings attained a good result after surgery. We found a trend (P=0.09) toward better long-term results after surgery for slow-transit @entity1142 in @entity1 with a normal antroduodenal manometry before the operation.

title: Outcome of colectomy for slow-transit XXXX in relation to presence of small-bowel dysmotility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['ileorectal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal pseudo-obstruction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal small-bowel motility']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: Muscle fibers in the biliary tree, and therefore the potential for @entity4423 , are located in the gallbladder and the sphincter of Oddi. Dysmotility at either site is a potential cause of @entity158 in the absence of stones, although significant controversy persists. Diminished gallbladder emptying measured by biliary scintigraphy is an indication for cholecystectomy, although studies are contradictory regarding clinical benefit. It is likely that careful selection of @entity1 for cholescintigraphic testing, many of whom have had missed stones or sludge, will identify @entity1 who benefit from cholecystectomy. However, given the increased incidence of @entity1085 in functional @entity344 , wide use of this study in @entity1 with abdominal symptoms leads to a frequent failure to respond to cholecystectomy. @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ) has been best studied in @entity1 with @entity158 who have had prior cholecystectomy. Much less understood is the association of @entity1690 with idiopathic recurrent acute @entity788 and @entity1689 . The least-studied clinical association for @entity1690 is in @entity1 with @entity158 and intact gallbladders. Elevated basal sphincter of Oddi pressure is predictive of clinical response to sphincterotomy in @entity1 with @entity158 in two randomized sham-controlled studies. However, @entity1 with suspected @entity1690 have the highest complication rate from endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram and sphincterotomy, and, therefore, careful @entity1 selection is mandatory.

title: Motility and XXXX of the biliary tract.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder stasis']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction', 'SOD']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pain', 'postcholecystectomy pain', 'biliary type pain']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['dysmotility']

answer: @entity4423 :: (MESH:D015154,Disease) :: ['dysmotility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The naturally occurring pollen season permits observation of the kinetic changes in the process of @entity32 . We examined cytokine production in peripheral blood (PB) T cells and monocytes obtained from birch- @entity56 @entity1 both during and outside the pollen season. METHODS: PB from 16 @entity1 and six healthy controls was obtained during the alder pollen season, at the beginning and the peak of the birch pollen season and outside the pollen season. Mononuclear cells (MNC) were stimulated with allergen and polyclonal activators. For flow cytometric analysis, MNC were stained with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against the cell surface markers CD3, @entity405 , @entity5750 and the intracellular cytokines @entity3646 , @entity225 , @entity688 , IL-12, @entity4047 , @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) and @entity379 . RESULTS: In @entity56 @entity1 , significant increases in clinical symptoms, use of medication, eosinophil numbers and birch-specific IgE were found during the pollen season. In vitro allergen stimulation increased the number of @entity2841 + monocytes (P<0.01) and this increase was dependent on allergen exposure. The @entity3646 / @entity379 ratio rose (P<0.001) at the peak of birch pollen season and the ratio correlated with symptom scores during the birch season. In the @entity404 + cell population, the numbers of @entity2841 + cells were higher throughout the alder and birch seasons compared with outside the pollen season (P<0.05). No such changes were seen in the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The main finding of our study was the increased percentage of @entity2841 + monocytes in atopic subjects compared with healthy controls. In @entity56 @entity1 , natural seasonal pollen exposure resulted in increased numbers of @entity2841 + cells among both monocytes and @entity404 + T cells. We have also shown that a seasonal change in Th2/ @entity1198 cytokine ratio requires an adequate and prolonged allergen stimulation that is seen late in the pollen season.

title: Cytokine production in peripheral blood cells during and outside the pollen season in birch- XXXX @entity1 and non- @entity56 controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The naturally occurring pollen season permits observation of the kinetic changes in the process of @entity32 . We examined cytokine production in peripheral blood (PB) T cells and monocytes obtained from birch- @entity56 @entity1 both during and outside the pollen season. METHODS: PB from 16 @entity1 and six healthy controls was obtained during the alder pollen season, at the beginning and the peak of the birch pollen season and outside the pollen season. Mononuclear cells (MNC) were stimulated with allergen and polyclonal activators. For flow cytometric analysis, MNC were stained with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against the cell surface markers CD3, @entity405 , @entity5750 and the intracellular cytokines @entity3646 , @entity225 , @entity688 , IL-12, @entity4047 , @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) and @entity379 . RESULTS: In @entity56 @entity1 , significant increases in clinical symptoms, use of medication, eosinophil numbers and birch-specific IgE were found during the pollen season. In vitro allergen stimulation increased the number of @entity2841 + monocytes (P<0.01) and this increase was dependent on allergen exposure. The @entity3646 / @entity379 ratio rose (P<0.001) at the peak of birch pollen season and the ratio correlated with symptom scores during the birch season. In the @entity404 + cell population, the numbers of @entity2841 + cells were higher throughout the alder and birch seasons compared with outside the pollen season (P<0.05). No such changes were seen in the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The main finding of our study was the increased percentage of @entity2841 + monocytes in atopic subjects compared with healthy controls. In @entity56 @entity1 , natural seasonal pollen exposure resulted in increased numbers of @entity2841 + cells among both monocytes and @entity404 + T cells. We have also shown that a seasonal change in Th2/ @entity1198 cytokine ratio requires an adequate and prolonged allergen stimulation that is seen late in the pollen season.

title: Cytokine production in peripheral blood cells during and outside the pollen season in birch- @entity56 @entity1 and non- XXXX controls.

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The naturally occurring pollen season permits observation of the kinetic changes in the process of @entity32 . We examined cytokine production in peripheral blood (PB) T cells and monocytes obtained from birch- @entity56 @entity1 both during and outside the pollen season. METHODS: PB from 16 @entity1 and six healthy controls was obtained during the alder pollen season, at the beginning and the peak of the birch pollen season and outside the pollen season. Mononuclear cells (MNC) were stimulated with allergen and polyclonal activators. For flow cytometric analysis, MNC were stained with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against the cell surface markers CD3, @entity405 , @entity5750 and the intracellular cytokines @entity3646 , @entity225 , @entity688 , IL-12, @entity4047 , @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) and @entity379 . RESULTS: In @entity56 @entity1 , significant increases in clinical symptoms, use of medication, eosinophil numbers and birch-specific IgE were found during the pollen season. In vitro allergen stimulation increased the number of @entity2841 + monocytes (P<0.01) and this increase was dependent on allergen exposure. The @entity3646 / @entity379 ratio rose (P<0.001) at the peak of birch pollen season and the ratio correlated with symptom scores during the birch season. In the @entity404 + cell population, the numbers of @entity2841 + cells were higher throughout the alder and birch seasons compared with outside the pollen season (P<0.05). No such changes were seen in the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The main finding of our study was the increased percentage of @entity2841 + monocytes in atopic subjects compared with healthy controls. In @entity56 @entity1 , natural seasonal pollen exposure resulted in increased numbers of @entity2841 + cells among both monocytes and @entity404 + T cells. We have also shown that a seasonal change in Th2/ @entity1198 cytokine ratio requires an adequate and prolonged allergen stimulation that is seen late in the pollen season.

title: Cytokine production in peripheral blood cells during and outside the pollen season in birch- @entity56 XXXX and non- @entity56 controls.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: It is difficult to stent the obstructed ureters cystoscopically in @entity1 with @entity177 caused by radiotherapy for @entity530 . Commonly draining the kidney with nephrostomy is the only method for the @entity1 . However, external nephrostomy impacts on life quality of the @entity1 . We reported our experience in stenting the obstructed ureters using minimally invasive percutaneous nephrostomy combined with ureteroscopy, and investigated viability of endoscopic treatment for bilateral ureteral strictures following radiotherapy. METHODS: Indwelling double pigtail stents in ureter by minimally invasive percutaneous nephrostomy combined with ureteroscopy was carried out in 19 @entity1 with bilateral ureteral strictures following radiotherapy. The clinical outcomes including ureteral drainage and renal function were reviewed. RESULTS: Bilateral retrograde placement of double pigtail stent was performed in 2 cases. Indwelling different size double pigtail stents in unilateral ureters were carried out in 17 cases. The @entity1 were followed-up for 1-24 months. Renal function was improved excellently in 17 cases, with serum @entity1011 level of 45 micromol/L to 113 micromol/L. Two @entity1 had poor renal function improvement after ureteral stenting and were converted to percutaneous nephrostomy for draining the kidney. CONCLUSION: Indwelling different size double pigtail stents simultaneously in unilateral ureter by minimally invasive percutaneous nephrostomy is safe, simple, and effective in treating bilateral @entity1695 following radiotherapy.

title: [Endoscopic management of bilateral XXXX after radiotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal or pelvic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1695 :: (MESH:D014517,Disease) :: ['ureteral obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the @entity29425 functional polymorphism in promoter region of @entity1243 gene influencing @entity1017 following antipsychotic agents (APS) acute treatment in @entity161 @entity1 . METHODS: 128 Chinese Han untreated @entity1 with @entity161 (male 61, female 67) with an age and gender matched health controls (n = 38) were recruited. The polymorphism of @entity1243 gene was determined with PCR-RFLP technique. MRI determined abdominal body fat in 22 controls and 30 @entity1 on admission and after 10 weeks treatment with @entity1090 or @entity2644 . Body mass index (BMI) was measured on admission and every week subsequently (for @entity1 ). RESULTS: There were average increases in (6.2 +/- 5.7)% of baseline weight and in (38.5 +/- 42)% of baseline abdominal subcutaneous fat (SUB) and in (40.0 +/- 41.2)% of baseline @entity1320 ( @entity1320 ) 10 weeks after treatment. There were no significant differences in the distribution of allele and genotypes either between the @entity1 and controls or between gender groups. It was found significantly increased @entity1017 in the @entity1 with the -2548AA genotype (chi(2) = 7.529, df = 1, P = 0.006; OR = 1.941; 95% CI: 1.175 - 3.207); The genotypes had no influence on the baseline weight indicators both in @entity1 and controls. However, as compared with the @entity1 with G allele, the @entity1 with @entity5066 genotype had significant increase in BMI (P = 0.003) and SUB (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: The finding identify that the @entity29425 polymorphism in promoter region of @entity1243 gene associated with APS-induced @entity1017 and abdominal fat deposition and distribution. -2548AA may be a genetic risk factor for the development of @entity1017 and body fat deposition in Chinese Han @entity161 @entity1 during APS acute treatment.

title: [Association of XXXX functional polymorphism in the promoter region of @entity1243 gene with antipsychotic agent-induced @entity1017 ].

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['IAF', 'intra-abdominal fat']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity29425 :: (c|SUB|G|-2548|A,DNAMutation) :: ['-2548G/A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the @entity29425 functional polymorphism in promoter region of @entity1243 gene influencing @entity1017 following antipsychotic agents (APS) acute treatment in @entity161 @entity1 . METHODS: 128 Chinese Han untreated @entity1 with @entity161 (male 61, female 67) with an age and gender matched health controls (n = 38) were recruited. The polymorphism of @entity1243 gene was determined with PCR-RFLP technique. MRI determined abdominal body fat in 22 controls and 30 @entity1 on admission and after 10 weeks treatment with @entity1090 or @entity2644 . Body mass index (BMI) was measured on admission and every week subsequently (for @entity1 ). RESULTS: There were average increases in (6.2 +/- 5.7)% of baseline weight and in (38.5 +/- 42)% of baseline abdominal subcutaneous fat (SUB) and in (40.0 +/- 41.2)% of baseline @entity1320 ( @entity1320 ) 10 weeks after treatment. There were no significant differences in the distribution of allele and genotypes either between the @entity1 and controls or between gender groups. It was found significantly increased @entity1017 in the @entity1 with the -2548AA genotype (chi(2) = 7.529, df = 1, P = 0.006; OR = 1.941; 95% CI: 1.175 - 3.207); The genotypes had no influence on the baseline weight indicators both in @entity1 and controls. However, as compared with the @entity1 with G allele, the @entity1 with @entity5066 genotype had significant increase in BMI (P = 0.003) and SUB (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: The finding identify that the @entity29425 polymorphism in promoter region of @entity1243 gene associated with APS-induced @entity1017 and abdominal fat deposition and distribution. -2548AA may be a genetic risk factor for the development of @entity1017 and body fat deposition in Chinese Han @entity161 @entity1 during APS acute treatment.

title: [Association of @entity29425 functional polymorphism in the promoter region of @entity1243 gene with antipsychotic agent-induced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the @entity29425 functional polymorphism in promoter region of @entity1243 gene influencing @entity1017 following antipsychotic agents (APS) acute treatment in @entity161 @entity1 . METHODS: 128 Chinese Han untreated @entity1 with @entity161 (male 61, female 67) with an age and gender matched health controls (n = 38) were recruited. The polymorphism of @entity1243 gene was determined with PCR-RFLP technique. MRI determined abdominal body fat in 22 controls and 30 @entity1 on admission and after 10 weeks treatment with @entity1090 or @entity2644 . Body mass index (BMI) was measured on admission and every week subsequently (for @entity1 ). RESULTS: There were average increases in (6.2 +/- 5.7)% of baseline weight and in (38.5 +/- 42)% of baseline abdominal subcutaneous fat (SUB) and in (40.0 +/- 41.2)% of baseline @entity1320 ( @entity1320 ) 10 weeks after treatment. There were no significant differences in the distribution of allele and genotypes either between the @entity1 and controls or between gender groups. It was found significantly increased @entity1017 in the @entity1 with the -2548AA genotype (chi(2) = 7.529, df = 1, P = 0.006; OR = 1.941; 95% CI: 1.175 - 3.207); The genotypes had no influence on the baseline weight indicators both in @entity1 and controls. However, as compared with the @entity1 with G allele, the @entity1 with @entity5066 genotype had significant increase in BMI (P = 0.003) and SUB (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: The finding identify that the @entity29425 polymorphism in promoter region of @entity1243 gene associated with APS-induced @entity1017 and abdominal fat deposition and distribution. -2548AA may be a genetic risk factor for the development of @entity1017 and body fat deposition in Chinese Han @entity161 @entity1 during APS acute treatment.

title: [Association of @entity29425 functional polymorphism in the promoter region of XXXX gene with antipsychotic agent-induced @entity1017 ].

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine a method for the early diagnosis of @entity7553 in non-neutropenic critically ill @entity1 in order to reduce mortality. METHODS: A prospective study in non-neutropenic critically @entity1 in whom Candida spp. were detected, was made in an intensive care unit (ICU) during an 8-year period from 3389 @entity1 admitted. A diagnostic and therapeutic protocol was designed. @entity3 was defined according to dissemination and multifocality. RESULTS: Candida spp. were found in 145 cases (4.3%): 120 (83%) were considered as @entity3 and 25 as colonisation (17%). The hospital mortality was 46% (67/145). A post-mortem study was carried out in 54% (36/67) of hospital deaths. @entity5132 was the most frequently isolated species (87%), followed by @entity7408 (18%). There were 24 @entity4963 and three cases of endophtalmitis. Digestive and respiratory samples and non- @entity5132 @entity375 were risk factors for @entity3 . The mortality rate was related statistically to @entity3 and inversely to the appropriate antifungal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is related to digestive and respiratory samples and to the presence of non- @entity5132 species. A simpler definition of @entity3 in non-neutropenic critically ill @entity1 will permit more rapid and accurate specific antifungal therapy.

title: Early diagnosis of XXXX in non-neutropenic critically ill @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['Candida glabrata']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemias']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidiasis', 'Invasive candidiasis']

answer: @entity7553 :: (MESH:D002177,Disease) :: ['candidiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine a method for the early diagnosis of @entity7553 in non-neutropenic critically ill @entity1 in order to reduce mortality. METHODS: A prospective study in non-neutropenic critically @entity1 in whom Candida spp. were detected, was made in an intensive care unit (ICU) during an 8-year period from 3389 @entity1 admitted. A diagnostic and therapeutic protocol was designed. @entity3 was defined according to dissemination and multifocality. RESULTS: Candida spp. were found in 145 cases (4.3%): 120 (83%) were considered as @entity3 and 25 as colonisation (17%). The hospital mortality was 46% (67/145). A post-mortem study was carried out in 54% (36/67) of hospital deaths. @entity5132 was the most frequently isolated species (87%), followed by @entity7408 (18%). There were 24 @entity4963 and three cases of endophtalmitis. Digestive and respiratory samples and non- @entity5132 @entity375 were risk factors for @entity3 . The mortality rate was related statistically to @entity3 and inversely to the appropriate antifungal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is related to digestive and respiratory samples and to the presence of non- @entity5132 species. A simpler definition of @entity3 in non-neutropenic critically ill @entity1 will permit more rapid and accurate specific antifungal therapy.

title: Early diagnosis of @entity7553 in non-neutropenic critically ill XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The Sloan-Kettering viruses (SKVs) are replication-defective retroviruses that transform avian cells in vitro. Each of the three SKV isolates is a mixture of viruses with genomes ranging in size from 4.1 to 8.9 kilobases (kb) with a predominant genome of 5.7 kb. Using a cDNA representing a sequence, @entity70878 , that is SKV specific and held in common by the multiple SKV genomes, we generated a restriction map of the 5.7-kb SKV genome and molecularly cloned a ski-containing fragment from SKV proviral DNA. Southern hybridization and sequence analysis showed that the cloned DNA fragment consisted of the 1.3-kb ski sequence embedded in the p19gag sequence and followed by the remaining 5' half of the @entity70879 gene and small portions of both the pol and env genes. A large deletion encompassing the 3' half of @entity70879 and the 5' 80% of pol was mapped to a position about 1 kb downstream from the 3' ski- @entity70879 junction. To determine whether the cloned ski sequence had transforming activity, the ski-containing fragment and a cloned Rous-associated virus 1 (RAV-1) genome were used to construct an analog of the 5.7-kb SKV genome, RAV-SKV. Cotransfection of @entity1573 embryo cells with RAV-SKV and RAV-1 yielded foci of transformed cells whose morphology was identical to that induced by the natural SKVs. The transformed transfected cells produced transforming virus with a 5.7-kb ski-containing genome and synthesized a @entity70879 -containing polyprotein of 110 kilodaltons (kDa). Several nonproducer clones of RAV-SKV-transformed cells were analyzed, and most were found to synthesize a 5.7-kb SKV RNA and a 110-kDa polyprotein. One clone was found to contain an 8.9-kb SKV RNA, and this clone synthesized a 125-kDa polyprotein. Since both the 5.7- and 8.9-kb genomes and the 110- and 125-kDa polyproteins had been identified in studies on the natural SKVs, the present results not only demonstrate the transforming activity of these individual SKVs but also suggest mechanisms for their generation.

title: Transforming Sloan-Kettering viruses generated from the cloned XXXX oncogene by in vitro and in vivo recombinations.

answer: @entity70878 :: (428181(Tax:9031),Gene) :: ['v-ski']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to predict massive uterine @entity548 during pregnancy and cesarean section in @entity1 with @entity5030 using transvaginal ultrasonography. METHODS: Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed prospectively at and after 28 gestational weeks with follow-up scans at 5- to 7-day intervals until cesarean section in 35 @entity1 with @entity5030 . The @entity1 were classified into 3 groups based on the following sonographic features of the placental edge in relation to the internal cervical os: type A = two thirds of the placenta from the placental center overlapping the internal os (13 cases); type B = one third of the placenta from the periphery to outside overlapping the internal os (10 cases), and type C = echo-free space (EFS) in the placental edge overlapping the internal os (12 cases). In some cases of type-A placentas, lacunae with blood flow in the placenta from the basal plate to the chorionic plate were also observed. All types were further subdivided based on the presence or absence of associated sponge-like echo (S-echo) in the wall of the uterus adjacent to the placental location. In each type, the relation with the amount of @entity548 during hospitalization and @entity3152 was examined. RESULTS: Incidences of @entity548 during hospitalization were 7.7% (1/13), 10.0% (1/10), and 83.3% (10/12), in types A, B and C, respectively, being significantly higher in type C (p < 0.01). The risk of antepartum @entity548 was also significantly higher in type C (p < 0.01). The incidence of @entity3152 due to @entity548 and the amount of @entity548 during cesarean section were significantly higher in type A + S and type A + S with lacunae, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographic EFS in the lower edge of the placenta overlying the cervix indicates the risk of @entity548 . Furthermore, lacunae with sponge-like echo may also reflect the risk of @entity548 at cesarean section. These findings warrant further observational studies to verify their clinical implications.

title: Anticipation of uterine bleeding in XXXX based on vaginal sonographic evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity5030 :: ('MESH:D010923', 'Disease') :: ['placenta previa']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'sudden massive bleeding', 'sudden massive antepartum bleeding', 'massive bleeding']

answer: @entity5030 :: (MESH:D010923,Disease) :: ['placenta previa']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Extra-axial @entity2477 or @entity2695 [(hem) @entity2695 ] are relatively rare lesions. They usually arise in relation to the dura mater intracranially or at the spinal level. Most of these lesions have been described in the middle cranial fossa at level of the cavernous sinus. Controversy still exists regarding the exact nature of these extra-axial @entity2477 : @entity5 versus @entity1462 similar to intra-axial cavernomas. It has been suggested that they could represent an adult form of the @entity2695 of @entity950 . Extra-axial cavernous (hem) @entity2695 often mimic @entity1653 and their clinical behavior and imaging appearance are quite different than those of intra-axial @entity2477 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Five @entity1 ranging in age from 24 to 63 years with a histologically proven dural @entity2477 were retrospectively included. The lesions were located at level of the cavernous sinus (4 cases) and falx. CT and MR scans were performed in all cases and angiography in three @entity1 . Four @entity1 underwent surgery and a biopsy was performed in one case. One lesion was embolized before biopsy. Histology was available in all @entity1 . RESULTS: In the operated @entity1 , the lesion was totally resected in 2 cases and partially in the other 2. No postsurgical complication was noted. Histology revealed a @entity1462 composed of large vascular channels lined by flat endothelium and separated by fibroconnective tissue stroma. The pathological diagnosis was @entity2477 . CONCLUSION: On the basis of the analysis of the literature and of our cases, intra-cranial extra-cerebral so-called cavernous (hem) @entity2695 present findings suggesting that they are vascular @entity66 , analogous to the intra-axial @entity2477 . A relationship with the @entity2695 of @entity950 seems unlikely. Correct terms for extra-cerebral cavernous (hem) @entity2695 are cavernoma, @entity2477 , or @entity455 of cavernous type . The term @entity2695 should be avoided and reserved for the common @entity5 of @entity950 .

title: Intracranial extra-axial cavernous (HEM) angiomas: @entity5 or XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['venous vascular malformation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['malformative lesions']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'angiomas', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous angiomas', 'cavernous angioma', 'cavernous hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['vascular malformations']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Extra-axial @entity2477 or @entity2695 [(hem) @entity2695 ] are relatively rare lesions. They usually arise in relation to the dura mater intracranially or at the spinal level. Most of these lesions have been described in the middle cranial fossa at level of the cavernous sinus. Controversy still exists regarding the exact nature of these extra-axial @entity2477 : @entity5 versus @entity1462 similar to intra-axial cavernomas. It has been suggested that they could represent an adult form of the @entity2695 of @entity950 . Extra-axial cavernous (hem) @entity2695 often mimic @entity1653 and their clinical behavior and imaging appearance are quite different than those of intra-axial @entity2477 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Five @entity1 ranging in age from 24 to 63 years with a histologically proven dural @entity2477 were retrospectively included. The lesions were located at level of the cavernous sinus (4 cases) and falx. CT and MR scans were performed in all cases and angiography in three @entity1 . Four @entity1 underwent surgery and a biopsy was performed in one case. One lesion was embolized before biopsy. Histology was available in all @entity1 . RESULTS: In the operated @entity1 , the lesion was totally resected in 2 cases and partially in the other 2. No postsurgical complication was noted. Histology revealed a @entity1462 composed of large vascular channels lined by flat endothelium and separated by fibroconnective tissue stroma. The pathological diagnosis was @entity2477 . CONCLUSION: On the basis of the analysis of the literature and of our cases, intra-cranial extra-cerebral so-called cavernous (hem) @entity2695 present findings suggesting that they are vascular @entity66 , analogous to the intra-axial @entity2477 . A relationship with the @entity2695 of @entity950 seems unlikely. Correct terms for extra-cerebral cavernous (hem) @entity2695 are cavernoma, @entity2477 , or @entity455 of cavernous type . The term @entity2695 should be avoided and reserved for the common @entity5 of @entity950 .

title: Intracranial extra-axial cavernous (HEM) angiomas: XXXX or @entity1462 ?

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The campaign for early detection of @entity320 and the increase in @entity1 with photodamaged skin have a remarkable influence on the daily dermatological routine. Could these factors lead to the introduction of quality control in a private dermatology practice? @entity1 AND METHODS: Over a period of one year the diagnoses of all @entity1 were registered. The clinical diagnosis of any @entity1489 undergoing surgical removal was compared with the final histopathological diagnosis. RESULTS: 56% of 3004 diagnoses involved females; 44%, males. In 40.5%, the possibility of a @entity2118 was raised. 49% of the 291 @entity5 removed were malignant (107 @entity1491 , 20 @entity957 , 16 @entity320 ) while 11.7% were malignant precursor lesions. 48% of 44 melanocytic naevi with clinical atypia showed @entity1141 but none were a @entity320 . No @entity5 were detected among 59 clinically benign @entity5 . In 71.8% of cases, the clinical diagnosis agreed with the result of the histopathological examination. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows, in concordance with literature, that a dermatologist can provide high quality treatment and prophylaxis of @entity1489 . With an optimal cost-performance ratio, he or she is the most competent partner for @entity1 and health insurance companies.

title: [Malignant XXXX in a private dermatology practice. A quality control study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancers', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumour', 'malignant skin tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['histopathological dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented or non-pigmented skin tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin tumours']


abstract: To investigate the basis for the pattern of ovarian @entity134 production during the @entity291 estrous cycle, the tissue concentrations of major steroidogenic enzymes, 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 and @entity165 side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 ( @entity21767 ), and their respective electron donors, @entity1110 - @entity70880 and adrenodoxin, were estimated and compared with those of the nonsteroidogenic enzymes, @entity21304 and F1-ATPase. The levels of these enzymes were estimated in medium sized (9-11 mm) and large (14-18 mm) follicles after removal of follicular fluid by centrifugation, and corpora lutea from the early, early-mid late-mid, and late stages of the luteal phase (n = 5 per group). The specific contents of all enzymes and electron donors were determined by immunoblot analysis, except for @entity21304 , which was quantified by determination of specific activity. The specific (per microgram of tissue homogenate protein) and total (per follicle or corpus luteum) tissue contents of 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 increased 0.5- and 5-fold respectively from medium sized to large follicles, but then decreased to undetectable levels in corpora lutea in the early luteal phase, and remained undetectable throughout the luteal phase. In contrast, the specific content of @entity1110 - @entity70880 was similar between follicles and corpora lutea. The specific contents of @entity21767 , adrenodoxin and @entity21304 in follicles were similar to those of corpora lutea of the early luteal phase. However, by the early-mid luteal phase the specific contents of luteal cytochrome @entity21767 (490 +/- 46 vs. 5709 +/- 982 cpm/micrograms protein) and adrenodoxin (44 +/- 15 vs. 705 +/- 229 cpm/micrograms protein) were increased, by 12- and 15-fold, respectively (P less than 0.05). In contrast, @entity21304 activity (29.1 +/- 10.1 vs. 108.6 +/- 20.7 nmol/mg tissue protein X min) and the specific content of F1-ATPase increased only 3- to 4-fold reflective of an increase in numbers of mitochondria. The levels of these enzymes remained elevated until the late luteal phase when they declined markedly. It is concluded that the induction of synthesis of @entity21767 and adrenodoxin after ovulation is specific and does not merely reflect biogenesis of mitochondria during luteinization. Moreover the changes in the types of @entity230 produced by the ovarian compartments throughout the estrous cycle are a reflection of changes in the tissue content of steroidogenic enzymes.

title: Cytochromes XXXX , P-450(17)alpha, adrenodoxin, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate- @entity70880 in @entity291 follicles and corpora lutea. Changes in specific contents during the ovarian cycle.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity21767 :: (338048(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['P-450scc']


abstract: To investigate the basis for the pattern of ovarian @entity134 production during the @entity291 estrous cycle, the tissue concentrations of major steroidogenic enzymes, 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 and @entity165 side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 ( @entity21767 ), and their respective electron donors, @entity1110 - @entity70880 and adrenodoxin, were estimated and compared with those of the nonsteroidogenic enzymes, @entity21304 and F1-ATPase. The levels of these enzymes were estimated in medium sized (9-11 mm) and large (14-18 mm) follicles after removal of follicular fluid by centrifugation, and corpora lutea from the early, early-mid late-mid, and late stages of the luteal phase (n = 5 per group). The specific contents of all enzymes and electron donors were determined by immunoblot analysis, except for @entity21304 , which was quantified by determination of specific activity. The specific (per microgram of tissue homogenate protein) and total (per follicle or corpus luteum) tissue contents of 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 increased 0.5- and 5-fold respectively from medium sized to large follicles, but then decreased to undetectable levels in corpora lutea in the early luteal phase, and remained undetectable throughout the luteal phase. In contrast, the specific content of @entity1110 - @entity70880 was similar between follicles and corpora lutea. The specific contents of @entity21767 , adrenodoxin and @entity21304 in follicles were similar to those of corpora lutea of the early luteal phase. However, by the early-mid luteal phase the specific contents of luteal cytochrome @entity21767 (490 +/- 46 vs. 5709 +/- 982 cpm/micrograms protein) and adrenodoxin (44 +/- 15 vs. 705 +/- 229 cpm/micrograms protein) were increased, by 12- and 15-fold, respectively (P less than 0.05). In contrast, @entity21304 activity (29.1 +/- 10.1 vs. 108.6 +/- 20.7 nmol/mg tissue protein X min) and the specific content of F1-ATPase increased only 3- to 4-fold reflective of an increase in numbers of mitochondria. The levels of these enzymes remained elevated until the late luteal phase when they declined markedly. It is concluded that the induction of synthesis of @entity21767 and adrenodoxin after ovulation is specific and does not merely reflect biogenesis of mitochondria during luteinization. Moreover the changes in the types of @entity230 produced by the ovarian compartments throughout the estrous cycle are a reflection of changes in the tissue content of steroidogenic enzymes.

title: Cytochromes @entity21767 , P-450(17)alpha, adrenodoxin, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate- @entity70880 in XXXX follicles and corpora lutea. Changes in specific contents during the ovarian cycle.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: To investigate the basis for the pattern of ovarian @entity134 production during the @entity291 estrous cycle, the tissue concentrations of major steroidogenic enzymes, 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 and @entity165 side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 ( @entity21767 ), and their respective electron donors, @entity1110 - @entity70880 and adrenodoxin, were estimated and compared with those of the nonsteroidogenic enzymes, @entity21304 and F1-ATPase. The levels of these enzymes were estimated in medium sized (9-11 mm) and large (14-18 mm) follicles after removal of follicular fluid by centrifugation, and corpora lutea from the early, early-mid late-mid, and late stages of the luteal phase (n = 5 per group). The specific contents of all enzymes and electron donors were determined by immunoblot analysis, except for @entity21304 , which was quantified by determination of specific activity. The specific (per microgram of tissue homogenate protein) and total (per follicle or corpus luteum) tissue contents of 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 increased 0.5- and 5-fold respectively from medium sized to large follicles, but then decreased to undetectable levels in corpora lutea in the early luteal phase, and remained undetectable throughout the luteal phase. In contrast, the specific content of @entity1110 - @entity70880 was similar between follicles and corpora lutea. The specific contents of @entity21767 , adrenodoxin and @entity21304 in follicles were similar to those of corpora lutea of the early luteal phase. However, by the early-mid luteal phase the specific contents of luteal cytochrome @entity21767 (490 +/- 46 vs. 5709 +/- 982 cpm/micrograms protein) and adrenodoxin (44 +/- 15 vs. 705 +/- 229 cpm/micrograms protein) were increased, by 12- and 15-fold, respectively (P less than 0.05). In contrast, @entity21304 activity (29.1 +/- 10.1 vs. 108.6 +/- 20.7 nmol/mg tissue protein X min) and the specific content of F1-ATPase increased only 3- to 4-fold reflective of an increase in numbers of mitochondria. The levels of these enzymes remained elevated until the late luteal phase when they declined markedly. It is concluded that the induction of synthesis of @entity21767 and adrenodoxin after ovulation is specific and does not merely reflect biogenesis of mitochondria during luteinization. Moreover the changes in the types of @entity230 produced by the ovarian compartments throughout the estrous cycle are a reflection of changes in the tissue content of steroidogenic enzymes.

title: Cytochromes @entity21767 , P-450(17)alpha, adrenodoxin, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate- XXXX in @entity291 follicles and corpora lutea. Changes in specific contents during the ovarian cycle.

answer: @entity70880 :: (532512(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['cytochrome P-450 reductase']


abstract: To determine whether spontaneous release of transmitter from the growth cones of neurons exhibits properties similar to the spontaneous release which occurs from the neurons at the neuromuscular junction, release of transmitter from the growth cones of @entity1238 neurons in culture was monitored in salines containing varying @entity460 and @entity1760 concentrations. Release was monitored by use of an outside-out piece of muscle membrane attached to a patch clamp electrode. Spontaneous release of transmitter from the growth cones in standard saline (2 mM @entity3282 , 1 mM @entity8723 ) produces clusters of single-channel openings in the muscle membrane. Clusters are seen to consist of two types: a series of high-frequency channel openings, called "bursts," and clusters of low-frequency channel openings called "singles." The bursts were identified and examined for their possible relationship to MEPP-producing release, and the singles were identified and examined for their possible relationship to "leak" release of the neuromuscular junction. When the external saline contains high @entity460 (10 mM @entity3282 , 1 mM @entity8723 ) or high @entity1760 (2 mM @entity3282 , 9 mM @entity8723 ), the frequencies of both "bursts" and "singles" was greatly reduced. This reduction in release persists if the neurons are grown in the high- @entity460 or high- @entity1760 solutions. When the saline is a low- @entity460 solution (0 mM @entity3282 , 3 mM @entity8723 ) the growth cones release transmitter at rates similar to those from standard saline. These results indicate that although the spontaneous release from the growth cone shares one characteristic with the leak release, neither the burst nor the singles release from the growth cones share exact relationship with either the MEPP producing release or the leak release. This suggests that further development of the mechanisms for spontaneous release of neurotransmitter occurs after nerve-muscle contact.

title: Spontaneous release of transmitter from the growth cones of XXXX neurons in vitro: the influence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: Population control and the use of contraceptives were discusses at the biannual meeting of the Turkish Academy of Medicine in September 1966. This was of special importance because contraception and dissemination of information about it were illegal in @entity233 for many years before 1965. Thus, until quite recently Turkish doctors had only limited experience of modern contraceptive methods. Oral contraceptives and IUDs were discussed at the Academy meeting, and Dr Nusret Fisek has sent the Bulletin a summary of the main points raises. Oral contraceptives: Only minor side-effects were found and were ignored or easily treated; they disappeared when the oral contraception was stopped. Serious conditions such as @entity409 , @entity1031 phenomena, and @entity6 have not been found. Intra-uterine devices: Endometritis requiring treatment is infrequent. In 23 of 45 @entity1 who had used IUDs for six months, endometrial histology showed @entity548 , endometrial @entity4 or @entity7288 . Expulsion and medical removal rates for IUDs over a six-month period were 5% in one clinic and 12% in another, with a pregnancy rate of between 1.2%. There was only one perforation in 6000 insertions. The doctor's attitude had a great influence on removal and discontinuation rates. In a large maternity hospital the Medical Board accepted, as a medical reason for induced @entity5852 , accidental pregnancies that occurred in @entity1 wearing IUDs.

title: Contraception in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocyctic endometritis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: The 1983 Turkish Population and Health Survey, involving 5398 ever-married @entity1 under 50 years of age, revealed that the demand for family planning services in @entity233 exceeds current availability. Although almost 3/4 of survey respondents indicated they wanted only 2-3 @entity1 , actual fertility rates in the 1978-83 period averaged 4.2 births/ @entity1 . The percent of currently married @entity1 under 50 years of age using birth control increased from 50% in 1978 to 62% in 1983, but half of this increase was attributable to a greater reliance on withdrawal. Withdrawal was the contraceptive method used by 49% of family planning acceptors in 1983; only 27% reported use of a modern method. Inadequate supplies was the main reason cited for the low use of modern methods, especially in the more rural eastern regions of the country. The prevalence of traditional methods, and an increasing abortion ratio (25.6/100 live births in 1983), indicates a high unmet need for family planning. 78% of the @entity1 surveyed in 1983 asserted that they did not want any more @entity1 . The 1983 survey also reported an @entity1 mortality rate of 112/1000 live births. Most Turkish @entity1 breastfeed their @entity1 for the 1st year of life, but other traditional practices such as reliance on untrained attendants for childbirth and packing earth into the swaddling cloth with the @entity1 have been linked to higher @entity1 mortality. The survey report concluded that improvements in the education and status of @entity1 would enhance their acceptance of family planning and contribute to life-styles more promotive of @entity1 survival.

title: Survey report: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'woman', 'infants', 'infant']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: The @entity5 and @entity134 Hormone Study was designed to minimize certain problems criticized in some previous case-control studies of oral contraceptives (OCs) and gynecological @entity5 . The largest of its type undertaken thus far, the study included over 4000 @entity1 with @entity0 , over 600 with @entity1204 , and over 500 with @entity43 , along with over 4000 controls. The controls were selected from the population in the geographical areas from which the cases were drawn. The study was limited to @entity1 20-54 years. Study enrollment occurred between December 1980 and December 1982 at 8 regional @entity5 registries participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National @entity5 Institute (NCI). Investigators at these centers attempted to identify all @entity1 20-54 years of age with newly diagnosed primary @entity5344 . These @entity1 constituted the case group. Controls were @entity1 20-54 years chosen by an established method of telephoning households at random in the geographical regions covered by the participating centers. All controls were interviewed in @entity1 . To improve the accuracy of reporting OC and other hormone use, 2 memory aids were used: use of a book of photographs of all OC and other female hormone preparations marketed in the US up to 1980; and use of a calendar to record information for each @entity1 about such major life events as marriages, births, divorces, and @entity204 . Information on contraception and other reductive events was then recorded around these usually well-remembered milestones. A panel of pathologists reviewed histological specimens for all cases of @entity43 enrolled in this study and for all cases and controls with a history of @entity1558 for whom a biopsy specimen was available. The major findings with respect to OC use and risk of @entity5 of the breast, endometrium, and ovary largely confirmed those in previous studies. It was found that a history of OC use appeared to protect against @entity43 and had no overall effect on the risk of @entity0 . @entity1 who had used OCs for less than 1 year had the same risk of developing @entity1204 as "never-users." Compared with never-users, @entity1 who used OCs for 1-5 years, or for more than 5 years, had a relative risk of 0.4. @entity1 who have ever used combination OCs had about 1/2 the risk of developing @entity43 compared to @entity1 who have never used them. Compared with @entity1 who never used OCs, @entity1 who had ever used them had a relative risk of @entity0 of 0.9. There was no appreciable trend in the relative risk of @entity0 by duration of use.

title: Oral contraceptives and @entity5344 . The @entity5 and XXXX Hormone Study Group, Atlanta Georgia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial and ovarian cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast, endometrial, or ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast disease']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: The @entity5 and @entity134 Hormone Study was designed to minimize certain problems criticized in some previous case-control studies of oral contraceptives (OCs) and gynecological @entity5 . The largest of its type undertaken thus far, the study included over 4000 @entity1 with @entity0 , over 600 with @entity1204 , and over 500 with @entity43 , along with over 4000 controls. The controls were selected from the population in the geographical areas from which the cases were drawn. The study was limited to @entity1 20-54 years. Study enrollment occurred between December 1980 and December 1982 at 8 regional @entity5 registries participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National @entity5 Institute (NCI). Investigators at these centers attempted to identify all @entity1 20-54 years of age with newly diagnosed primary @entity5344 . These @entity1 constituted the case group. Controls were @entity1 20-54 years chosen by an established method of telephoning households at random in the geographical regions covered by the participating centers. All controls were interviewed in @entity1 . To improve the accuracy of reporting OC and other hormone use, 2 memory aids were used: use of a book of photographs of all OC and other female hormone preparations marketed in the US up to 1980; and use of a calendar to record information for each @entity1 about such major life events as marriages, births, divorces, and @entity204 . Information on contraception and other reductive events was then recorded around these usually well-remembered milestones. A panel of pathologists reviewed histological specimens for all cases of @entity43 enrolled in this study and for all cases and controls with a history of @entity1558 for whom a biopsy specimen was available. The major findings with respect to OC use and risk of @entity5 of the breast, endometrium, and ovary largely confirmed those in previous studies. It was found that a history of OC use appeared to protect against @entity43 and had no overall effect on the risk of @entity0 . @entity1 who had used OCs for less than 1 year had the same risk of developing @entity1204 as "never-users." Compared with never-users, @entity1 who used OCs for 1-5 years, or for more than 5 years, had a relative risk of 0.4. @entity1 who have ever used combination OCs had about 1/2 the risk of developing @entity43 compared to @entity1 who have never used them. Compared with @entity1 who never used OCs, @entity1 who had ever used them had a relative risk of @entity0 of 0.9. There was no appreciable trend in the relative risk of @entity0 by duration of use.

title: Oral contraceptives and XXXX . The @entity5 and @entity134 Hormone Study Group, Atlanta Georgia.

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers']


abstract: The @entity5 and @entity134 Hormone Study was designed to minimize certain problems criticized in some previous case-control studies of oral contraceptives (OCs) and gynecological @entity5 . The largest of its type undertaken thus far, the study included over 4000 @entity1 with @entity0 , over 600 with @entity1204 , and over 500 with @entity43 , along with over 4000 controls. The controls were selected from the population in the geographical areas from which the cases were drawn. The study was limited to @entity1 20-54 years. Study enrollment occurred between December 1980 and December 1982 at 8 regional @entity5 registries participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National @entity5 Institute (NCI). Investigators at these centers attempted to identify all @entity1 20-54 years of age with newly diagnosed primary @entity5344 . These @entity1 constituted the case group. Controls were @entity1 20-54 years chosen by an established method of telephoning households at random in the geographical regions covered by the participating centers. All controls were interviewed in @entity1 . To improve the accuracy of reporting OC and other hormone use, 2 memory aids were used: use of a book of photographs of all OC and other female hormone preparations marketed in the US up to 1980; and use of a calendar to record information for each @entity1 about such major life events as marriages, births, divorces, and @entity204 . Information on contraception and other reductive events was then recorded around these usually well-remembered milestones. A panel of pathologists reviewed histological specimens for all cases of @entity43 enrolled in this study and for all cases and controls with a history of @entity1558 for whom a biopsy specimen was available. The major findings with respect to OC use and risk of @entity5 of the breast, endometrium, and ovary largely confirmed those in previous studies. It was found that a history of OC use appeared to protect against @entity43 and had no overall effect on the risk of @entity0 . @entity1 who had used OCs for less than 1 year had the same risk of developing @entity1204 as "never-users." Compared with never-users, @entity1 who used OCs for 1-5 years, or for more than 5 years, had a relative risk of 0.4. @entity1 who have ever used combination OCs had about 1/2 the risk of developing @entity43 compared to @entity1 who have never used them. Compared with @entity1 who never used OCs, @entity1 who had ever used them had a relative risk of @entity0 of 0.9. There was no appreciable trend in the relative risk of @entity0 by duration of use.

title: Oral contraceptives and @entity5344 . The XXXX and @entity134 Hormone Study Group, Atlanta Georgia.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Taken together, the research on what treatments help @entity1 with @entity161 point to the value of treatment programs that combine medications with a range of psychosocial services. Provision of such packages of services likely reduces the need for crisis-oriented care hospitalizations and emergency room visits and enables greater recovery. For most @entity1 with @entity161 , the combination of psychopharmacological and psychosocial interventions improves outcomes. Several psychosocial treatments have demonstrated efficacy. These include family intervention, supported employment, assertive community treatment, skills training, and CBT. In the same way that psychopharmacologic management must be tailored individually to the needs and preferences of the @entity1 , so too should the selection of psychosocial treatments. At the very least, all @entity1 with @entity161 should be provided with education about their illness. Beyond illness education, all of the recommended psychosocial interventions would be used rarely during any one phase of illness for an individual. Some psychosocial treatments share treatment components, and @entity1 have different clinical and social needs at different points in their illness course. Knowledge regarding how best to combine treatments to optimize outcomes is scarce.

title: Evidence-based treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Alefacept is the first biologic agent approved for the treatment of chronic @entity1569 in the United States. Alefacept, administered intravenously (i.v.) or intramuscularly (i.m.), was found to be well tolerated, safe, and efficacious in two pivotal phase 3 studies in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 . Treatment with i.v. alefacept was associated with a median duration of off-treatment response of 216 days (approximately 7 months). In a follow-up extension study to the phase 3 i.m. study, duration of therapeutic response was also examined. @entity1 who achieved a > or = 75% reduction in baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) with the first course of alefacept 15 mg i.m. in the phase 3 study maintained a PASI 50 for a median duration of 209 days. In addition, the extension study demonstrated that a second course of i.m. alefacept is safe and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity1569 .

title: Remittive effects of intramuscular alefacept in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: The use of intraspinal narcotics has been widely accepted as @entity158 relief treatment for intractable @entity5 . Intraspinal low doses of @entity1286 induce a potent selective long lasting @entity1337 . To avoid repetitive lumbar puncture, a drug delivery device was surgically implanted in 41 @entity1 . The surgical procedure is described. The mean amount of @entity1286 needed was 1.48 +/- 0.25 mg per day at time of surgery, rising to 6.86 +/- 1.47 mg per day after a mean survival time of 65 days. Tolerance became a major problem in 18 @entity1 , which nearly all were selected at a late disease stage and previously received narcotics for @entity158 relief. However, no clear-cut prognostic factor had a predictive value for the appearance of tolerance. In some cases, it could be successfully treated by intraspinal injection of local anaesthetics or @entity1338 . CSF leakage was noted in 11 @entity1 ; this was a challenge for us, as no other authors reported such a high rate for this complication. @entity5827 was noted three times. In all cases but one, the symptoms resolved with appropriate treatment.

title: [Analgesia with an implanted device for repetitive intrathecal injections of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['Aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate the histopathologic features of eyes enucleated after endoresection for @entity320 to assess the complications of this treatment and to determine indications for further treatment after endoresection in the setting of possible @entity5 recurrence. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. @entity1 : Sixty-one consecutive @entity1 who had undergone endoresection for @entity2184 . METHODS: Eyes that had undergone enucleation after endoresection were identified, and their charts and histologic characteristics were reviewed. Pertinent features were described. One @entity1 was excluded because enucleation was performed as a primary treatment when endoresection was abandoned at the time of his initial treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures included: reasons for enucleation; @entity5 recurrence; and location, clinical, and histologic characteristics of each recurrence. RESULTS: Twelve eyes were identified that had undergone enucleation after endoresection. The reasons for enucleation were: (1) local @entity5 recurrence detected by ophthalmoscopy (2 @entity1 ) or echography (1 @entity1 ); (2) opaque media preventing adequate ophthalmoscopy (4 @entity1 ); (3) blind and @entity158 eye of uncertain cause (1 @entity1 ); and (4) a @entity735 (4 @entity1 ), which was the result of untreatable @entity1713 (3 @entity1 ) and @entity3225 (1 @entity1 ). Eight of 12 @entity1 had recurrent @entity320 . Recurrences were all located adjacent to the resection site, although in 1 @entity1 there was extensive diffuse recurrence throughout the eye. The recurrence was visible clinically in 3 @entity1 and obscured because of opaque media (2 @entity1 ), a combination of inadequate echography and @entity1713 (1 @entity1 ), @entity1713 (1 @entity1 ), and @entity3225 (1 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent disease occurred at the site of the @entity5 with no seeding except in 1 @entity1 , whose marginal recurrence was not immediately detected and treated because of opaque media. As with other treatments conserving the eye, enucleation should be performed if adequate ocular examination is not possible, and follow-up should be lifelong.

title: Histopathology of eyes enucleated after endoresection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['combination of blind eye and limited fundus view']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroidal melanoma']


abstract: @entity329 ( @entity329 ) were fed a high-fat (HF) diet for up to 16 wk. Sympathetic and thermogenic activities in their brown adipose tissue (BAT) were assessed by measuring @entity1063 content and turnover and mitochondrial @entity3006 binding and cytochrome c oxidase activity. Chronic ingestion of the HF diet resulted in significant increases in carcass lipid and interscapular BAT wet weight by the end of the second week. HF-fed hamsters were slightly hyperphagic during the first 2 wk of HF feeding only. Significant @entity1017 persisted beyond the period of @entity7298 . @entity1184 of interscapular BAT after 16 wk on the HF diet was accompanied by increases in protein and DNA content, indicating growth of functional tissue. @entity1063 turnover and content in BAT were decreased throughout the entire period of HF feeding, regardless of changes in caloric intake or body weight. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity and @entity3006 binding were increased after 16 wk on the HF diet, a time when the HF-fed animals were @entity28 but not hyperphagic. These results demonstrate a dissociation of BAT thermogenesis from sympathetic activity in the tissue. It appears that sympathetic nervous system activity in BAT was suppressed by the HF diet, whereas thermogenic activity of the tissue was activated when the hamsters became @entity28 .

title: Dissociation of sympathetic and thermogenic activity in brown fat of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gains']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters', 'Mesocricetus auratus']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: Sigmoid resection is indicated in the treatment of @entity3577 ( @entity3577 ) in @entity1 with prolonged colorectal transit time (CTT). Its use, however, has been limited because of fear of @entity834 . This study challenges the current practice of dividing the mesorectum by prospectively evaluating the impact of sparing the superior rectal artery (SRA) on leak rates after laparoscopic sigmoid resection (LSR) for @entity3577 . During a 30-month period, data on 33 selected @entity1 with @entity3577 were prospectively collected. Three @entity1 were withdrawn from the analysis, as they had neither resection nor @entity254 . Twenty-nine @entity1 and 1 @entity1 (median age 55 range 21-83 years) underwent LSR with preservation of SRA for a median @entity3577 of 8 (3-15) cm. There were 20 ASA I and 10 ASA II @entity1 . Ten @entity1 had undergone previous surgery. Four @entity1 complained of @entity1142 , whereas @entity322 was present in 26 @entity1 . Anal ultrasound showed isolated internal sphincter defects in 2 @entity1 . Four young adults (21-32 years) had normal CTT, whereas 26 older @entity1 had a median CTT of 5(4-6) days. Defecography demonstrated 10 enteroceles, two sigmoidoceles, and one @entity547 through the levator ani muscle. Mortality was nil. Median operating room time was 180 (120-330) min, suprapubic incision length 5(3-7) cm, estimated @entity190 150 (50-500) mL, specimen length 20 (12-45) cm, solid food resumption 3(1-6) days, and length of stay 4.5(2-7) days. Thirty-day complications were not related to anastomosing and occurred in 20% of the @entity1 . Median follow-up was 34.1 (18-48) months. One @entity1 had a recurrence. Although the evidence provided by the present study suggests that sparing SRA has a favorable impact on @entity834 rates, these nonrandomized results need further evaluation. The division of the mesorectum at the rectosigmoid junction seems not necessary, and its sparing should therefore be considered as it may contain @entity834 rates.

title: Preserving the superior rectal artery in laparoscopic sigmoid resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['rectal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['dyschezia']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['complete rectal prolapse', 'CRP']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['complete rectal prolapse']


abstract: In two preceding papers we described the cloning of two astrocytic cell lines by @entity2235 (SV40) transformation of embryonic @entity19 mesencephalon (F7-Mes) and striatum (F12-Str). The characterization of these lines as belonging to the astrocytic lineage is based on pharmacological, immunocytochemical and physiological data. Here we present quantitative and qualitative data on the morphological aspects of these two astrocytic clones observed under light and electron microscopy. We show that the clones present ultrastructural characters reminiscent of the morphology of young astrocytes. On one hand, they are rather similar to primary astrocytes in culture; on the other, they differ both from a clonal fibroblastic cell line ( @entity70881 ) and from embryonic @entity19 fibroblasts in primary culture. These astroblastic clones display 4 morphologically different cell populations which we called types I, II, III and IV. Types II and III are very similar and represent the most predominant cells; their morphologies strongly remind of that of astroblasts. Type I corresponds to glioblasts and does not account for more than 15-20% of the total population. Type IV, which is very similar to differentiated velamentous astrocytes, normally represent ca. 5% of the cells. However, when the transformed cells are treated with @entity1138 or @entity1138 + @entity5393 ( @entity5393 ), the proportion of type IV cells increases very much (up to more than 50% of the cells) while types I, II and III become less numerous. Morphological analysis therefore confirms that the two cell lines derived from the SV40 transformation of 14-day-old embryonic mesencephalic and striatal cells belong to the astrocytic lineage. Moreover, it seems that they can differentiate in vitro in cell culture conditions either spontaneously or under the action of pharmacological treatments known to enhance normal astrocyte maturation.

title: Two XXXX (SV40)-transformed cell lines from the @entity19 striatum and mesencephalon presenting astrocytic characters. III. A light and electron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cyclic AMP', 'dbcAMP']

answer: @entity2235 :: (10633,Species) :: ['simian virus 40']


abstract: In two preceding papers we described the cloning of two astrocytic cell lines by @entity2235 (SV40) transformation of embryonic @entity19 mesencephalon (F7-Mes) and striatum (F12-Str). The characterization of these lines as belonging to the astrocytic lineage is based on pharmacological, immunocytochemical and physiological data. Here we present quantitative and qualitative data on the morphological aspects of these two astrocytic clones observed under light and electron microscopy. We show that the clones present ultrastructural characters reminiscent of the morphology of young astrocytes. On one hand, they are rather similar to primary astrocytes in culture; on the other, they differ both from a clonal fibroblastic cell line ( @entity70881 ) and from embryonic @entity19 fibroblasts in primary culture. These astroblastic clones display 4 morphologically different cell populations which we called types I, II, III and IV. Types II and III are very similar and represent the most predominant cells; their morphologies strongly remind of that of astroblasts. Type I corresponds to glioblasts and does not account for more than 15-20% of the total population. Type IV, which is very similar to differentiated velamentous astrocytes, normally represent ca. 5% of the cells. However, when the transformed cells are treated with @entity1138 or @entity1138 + @entity5393 ( @entity5393 ), the proportion of type IV cells increases very much (up to more than 50% of the cells) while types I, II and III become less numerous. Morphological analysis therefore confirms that the two cell lines derived from the SV40 transformation of 14-day-old embryonic mesencephalic and striatal cells belong to the astrocytic lineage. Moreover, it seems that they can differentiate in vitro in cell culture conditions either spontaneously or under the action of pharmacological treatments known to enhance normal astrocyte maturation.

title: Two @entity2235 (SV40)-transformed cell lines from the XXXX striatum and mesencephalon presenting astrocytic characters. III. A light and electron microscopic study.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']