abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Because most @entity1 with @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ) are young @entity1 , an important decision is whether to discontinue oral contraceptive (OC) use. The aims of this study were to evaluate (1) the number and size of @entity4383 in @entity1 with various patterns of OC use and in @entity1 without OC use and (2) the modifications in the number and size of @entity4383 during follow-up, according to OC use. METHODS: In a 9-year study in 216 @entity1 with @entity4383 , the diameter and number of lesions documented by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were evaluated (1) at diagnosis according to OC use as follows: group A, no OC use (n = 28); group B, high-dose OC use (n = 46); group C, low-dose OC use (n = 98); group D, successive use of high-dose and low-dose OCs (n = 33); and group E, use of progestogens only (n = 11); and (2) during follow-up in 136 @entity1 , 14 of whom were OC nonusers who stayed off OCs, 89 discontinued OC use, 26 took low-dose OCs, and 7 stayed on a progestogen only. Twelve @entity1 became pregnant. In 168 @entity1 , the diagnosis of @entity4383 was made based on a combination of rigorously defined MR criteria. In the remaining 48 @entity1 , diagnosis was by surgical biopsy (n = 36) or resection (n = 12). Mean diameter and number of lesion(s) per @entity1 were assessed by MR imaging using the same protocol in all study @entity1 . RESULTS: No significant differences in the number or size of lesions were found in the 5 @entity1 groups. During follow-up, a change in lesion diameter occurred in only 4 @entity1 ; this event was not influenced by OC use. In the 12 @entity1 who became pregnant, lesion size was unchanged after delivery, pregnancy was uneventful, and delivery occurred spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that (1) neither the size nor the number of @entity4383 are influenced by OC use; (2) size changes during follow-up are rare and do not seem to depend on OC use; and (3) pregnancy is not associated with @entity4383 changes or complications.

title: Oral contraceptive use and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['FNH', 'FNH lesions', 'focal nodular hyperplasia']

answer: @entity4383 :: (MESH:D020518,Disease) :: ['focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver']


abstract: The large majority of @entity5 located in the sella turcica are benign @entity977 derived from cells of the adenohypophysis. @entity977 represent the third most common primary @entity5 in neurosurgical practice, outnumbered only by @entity11 and @entity1653 . Their biology of @entity977 is complex and they can cause a @entity4903 , based on hormone profile secreted by proliferating cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the routine conventional methods and highly specific immunohistochemical methods in order to accurately predict the type of hormone secretion. Our study was investigated 142 cases admitted with @entity977 and treated by open surgery. Sections from each case were stained with routine @entity1710 and Eosin method for histopathologic evaluation. Immunohistochemistry was performed on additional slides in order to detect specific @entity977 . Based on the immunohistochemical profile of @entity977 we found following results: 37 @entity2124 ( @entity2124 )-secreting @entity652 , 23 prolactin (PRL)-secreting @entity652 , 15 mixed @entity2124 -cell/PRL-cell @entity652 , three mammosomatotroph cell @entity652 , two adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting @entity652 , one thyrotrophic cell adenoma, 18 gonadotroph @entity652 , 30 null cell @entity652 and 13 plurihormonal @entity652 . No correlation was found between conventional features and the immunohistochemical profile. The immunohistochemical profile of functional @entity977 is mandatory for a correct diagnosis. We revealed that staining characteristics of the @entity5 cells, such as acidophilic, basophilic or chromophobe are nowadays outdated as main principle of classification, because they not identify specific @entity652 .

title: Conventional examination versus immunohistochemistry in the prediction of hormone profile of XXXX . An analysis on 142 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'Pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma types', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['variety of endocrine syndromes and disorders']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: The JAK-STAT pathway is activated in the early and late phases of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in normal myocardium. The role of this pathway and the efficacy of IPC in @entity1184 hearts remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that phosphorylated @entity12001 (pSTAT-3) is necessary for effective IPC in pressure-overload @entity1184 . Male @entity35 8 wk after thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation underwent echocardiography and Langendorff perfusion. Randomized hearts were subjected to 30 min of global @entity63 and 120 min of reperfusion with or without IPC in the presence or absence of the @entity13720 inhibitor @entity22943 (AG). Functional recovery and STAT activation were assessed. TAC @entity35 had a 31% increase in left ventricular mass (1,347 +/- 58 vs. 1,028 +/- 43 mg, TAC vs. sham, P < 0.001), increased anterior and posterior wall thickness but no difference in ejection fraction compared with sham-operated @entity35 . In TAC, IPC improved end-reperfusion maximum first derivative of developed pressure (+dP/dt(max); 4,648 +/- 309 vs. 2,737 +/- 343 mmHg/s, IPC vs. non-IPC, P < 0.05) and minimum -dP/dt (-dP/dt(min); -2,239 +/- 205 vs. -1,215 +/- 149 mmHg/s, IPC vs. non-IPC, P < 0.05). IPC increased nuclear pSTAT-1 and pSTAT-3 in sham-operated @entity35 but only pSTAT-3 in TAC. AG in TAC significantly attenuated +dP/dt(max) (4,648 +/- 309 vs. 3,241 +/- 420 mmHg/s, IPC vs. IPC + AG, P < 0.05) and -dP/dt(min) (-2,239 +/- 205 vs. -1,323 +/- 85 mmHg/s, IPC vs. IPC + AG, P < 0.05) and decreased only nuclear pSTAT-3. In @entity1283 , JAK-STAT signaling is important in IPC and exhibits a pattern of STAT activation distinct from nonhypertrophied myocardium. Limiting @entity12001 activation attenuates the efficacy of IPC in @entity1184 .

title: XXXX activation is necessary for ischemic preconditioning in @entity1184 myocardium.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity12001 :: (25125(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['STAT-3']


abstract: The JAK-STAT pathway is activated in the early and late phases of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in normal myocardium. The role of this pathway and the efficacy of IPC in @entity1184 hearts remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that phosphorylated @entity12001 (pSTAT-3) is necessary for effective IPC in pressure-overload @entity1184 . Male @entity35 8 wk after thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation underwent echocardiography and Langendorff perfusion. Randomized hearts were subjected to 30 min of global @entity63 and 120 min of reperfusion with or without IPC in the presence or absence of the @entity13720 inhibitor @entity22943 (AG). Functional recovery and STAT activation were assessed. TAC @entity35 had a 31% increase in left ventricular mass (1,347 +/- 58 vs. 1,028 +/- 43 mg, TAC vs. sham, P < 0.001), increased anterior and posterior wall thickness but no difference in ejection fraction compared with sham-operated @entity35 . In TAC, IPC improved end-reperfusion maximum first derivative of developed pressure (+dP/dt(max); 4,648 +/- 309 vs. 2,737 +/- 343 mmHg/s, IPC vs. non-IPC, P < 0.05) and minimum -dP/dt (-dP/dt(min); -2,239 +/- 205 vs. -1,215 +/- 149 mmHg/s, IPC vs. non-IPC, P < 0.05). IPC increased nuclear pSTAT-1 and pSTAT-3 in sham-operated @entity35 but only pSTAT-3 in TAC. AG in TAC significantly attenuated +dP/dt(max) (4,648 +/- 309 vs. 3,241 +/- 420 mmHg/s, IPC vs. IPC + AG, P < 0.05) and -dP/dt(min) (-2,239 +/- 205 vs. -1,323 +/- 85 mmHg/s, IPC vs. IPC + AG, P < 0.05) and decreased only nuclear pSTAT-3. In @entity1283 , JAK-STAT signaling is important in IPC and exhibits a pattern of STAT activation distinct from nonhypertrophied myocardium. Limiting @entity12001 activation attenuates the efficacy of IPC in @entity1184 .

title: @entity12001 activation is necessary for ischemic preconditioning in XXXX myocardium.

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophied']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the course of @entity989 in @entity989 ( @entity989 ), a @entity235 model of early onset @entity8105 ( @entity8105 ) caused by a two- @entity4334 microdeletion in @entity72383 ORF15. METHODS: The retinas of 25 @entity989 -affected @entity235 (age range, 2-40.6 weeks) and age-matched control subjects were collected, fixed, and embedded in @entity990 resin for morphologic evaluation or in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) medium for TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry. Cell-specific antibodies were used to examine changes in rods and cones and to evaluate the effects of the primary @entity528 on inner retinal cells. RESULTS: Abnormal development of photoreceptors was recognizable as early as 3.9 weeks of age. Outer segment (OS) misalignment was followed by their disorganization and fragmentation. Reduction in length and broadening of rod and cone inner segments (IS) was next observed, followed by the focal loss of rod and cone IS at later time points. The proportion of dying photoreceptors peaked at approximately 6 to 7 weeks of age and was significantly reduced after 12 weeks. In addition to rod and cone opsin mislocalization, there was early rod neurite sprouting, retraction of rod bipolar cell dendrites, and increased M  ller cell reactivity. Later in the course of the disease, changes were also noted in horizontal cells and amacrine cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity989 is an early-onset model of @entity8105 that is morphologically characterized by abnormal photoreceptor maturation followed by progressive @entity6391 and early @entity389 . The results suggest that therapeutic strategies for this @entity2000 should target not solely photoreceptor cells but also inner retinal neurons.

title: A frameshift mutation in @entity72383 exon ORF15 causes XXXX and @entity389 in a model of @entity8105 .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity8105 :: ('MESH:C564481', 'Disease') :: ['XLRP', 'X-linked retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['rod-cone degeneration']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner retina remodeling']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked progressive retinal atrophy 2', 'XLPRA2', 'retinal disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degeneration']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['photoreceptor degeneration']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the course of @entity989 in @entity989 ( @entity989 ), a @entity235 model of early onset @entity8105 ( @entity8105 ) caused by a two- @entity4334 microdeletion in @entity72383 ORF15. METHODS: The retinas of 25 @entity989 -affected @entity235 (age range, 2-40.6 weeks) and age-matched control subjects were collected, fixed, and embedded in @entity990 resin for morphologic evaluation or in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) medium for TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry. Cell-specific antibodies were used to examine changes in rods and cones and to evaluate the effects of the primary @entity528 on inner retinal cells. RESULTS: Abnormal development of photoreceptors was recognizable as early as 3.9 weeks of age. Outer segment (OS) misalignment was followed by their disorganization and fragmentation. Reduction in length and broadening of rod and cone inner segments (IS) was next observed, followed by the focal loss of rod and cone IS at later time points. The proportion of dying photoreceptors peaked at approximately 6 to 7 weeks of age and was significantly reduced after 12 weeks. In addition to rod and cone opsin mislocalization, there was early rod neurite sprouting, retraction of rod bipolar cell dendrites, and increased M  ller cell reactivity. Later in the course of the disease, changes were also noted in horizontal cells and amacrine cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity989 is an early-onset model of @entity8105 that is morphologically characterized by abnormal photoreceptor maturation followed by progressive @entity6391 and early @entity389 . The results suggest that therapeutic strategies for this @entity2000 should target not solely photoreceptor cells but also inner retinal neurons.

title: A frameshift mutation in @entity72383 exon ORF15 causes @entity528 and XXXX in a model of @entity8105 .

answer: @entity389 :: (MESH:D007759,Disease) :: ['inner retina remodeling']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the course of @entity989 in @entity989 ( @entity989 ), a @entity235 model of early onset @entity8105 ( @entity8105 ) caused by a two- @entity4334 microdeletion in @entity72383 ORF15. METHODS: The retinas of 25 @entity989 -affected @entity235 (age range, 2-40.6 weeks) and age-matched control subjects were collected, fixed, and embedded in @entity990 resin for morphologic evaluation or in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) medium for TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry. Cell-specific antibodies were used to examine changes in rods and cones and to evaluate the effects of the primary @entity528 on inner retinal cells. RESULTS: Abnormal development of photoreceptors was recognizable as early as 3.9 weeks of age. Outer segment (OS) misalignment was followed by their disorganization and fragmentation. Reduction in length and broadening of rod and cone inner segments (IS) was next observed, followed by the focal loss of rod and cone IS at later time points. The proportion of dying photoreceptors peaked at approximately 6 to 7 weeks of age and was significantly reduced after 12 weeks. In addition to rod and cone opsin mislocalization, there was early rod neurite sprouting, retraction of rod bipolar cell dendrites, and increased M  ller cell reactivity. Later in the course of the disease, changes were also noted in horizontal cells and amacrine cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity989 is an early-onset model of @entity8105 that is morphologically characterized by abnormal photoreceptor maturation followed by progressive @entity6391 and early @entity389 . The results suggest that therapeutic strategies for this @entity2000 should target not solely photoreceptor cells but also inner retinal neurons.

title: A frameshift mutation in @entity72383 exon ORF15 causes @entity528 and @entity389 in a model of XXXX .

answer: @entity8105 :: (MESH:C564481,Disease) :: ['X-linked retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the course of @entity989 in @entity989 ( @entity989 ), a @entity235 model of early onset @entity8105 ( @entity8105 ) caused by a two- @entity4334 microdeletion in @entity72383 ORF15. METHODS: The retinas of 25 @entity989 -affected @entity235 (age range, 2-40.6 weeks) and age-matched control subjects were collected, fixed, and embedded in @entity990 resin for morphologic evaluation or in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) medium for TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry. Cell-specific antibodies were used to examine changes in rods and cones and to evaluate the effects of the primary @entity528 on inner retinal cells. RESULTS: Abnormal development of photoreceptors was recognizable as early as 3.9 weeks of age. Outer segment (OS) misalignment was followed by their disorganization and fragmentation. Reduction in length and broadening of rod and cone inner segments (IS) was next observed, followed by the focal loss of rod and cone IS at later time points. The proportion of dying photoreceptors peaked at approximately 6 to 7 weeks of age and was significantly reduced after 12 weeks. In addition to rod and cone opsin mislocalization, there was early rod neurite sprouting, retraction of rod bipolar cell dendrites, and increased M  ller cell reactivity. Later in the course of the disease, changes were also noted in horizontal cells and amacrine cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity989 is an early-onset model of @entity8105 that is morphologically characterized by abnormal photoreceptor maturation followed by progressive @entity6391 and early @entity389 . The results suggest that therapeutic strategies for this @entity2000 should target not solely photoreceptor cells but also inner retinal neurons.

title: A frameshift mutation in XXXX exon ORF15 causes @entity528 and @entity389 in a model of @entity8105 .

answer: @entity72383 :: (403726(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['RPGR']


abstract: By means of a novel adaptation of the Evelyn photoelectric colorimeter to the measurement of relative turbidities, the question of the flocculation maximum (F.M.) in @entity598 buffer solutions of varying pH and salt content has been studied on (a) an exceptionally stable prothrombin-free @entity2002 and its solutions after incipient thermal denaturation and incomplete tryptic proteolysis, (b) plasma, similarly treated, (c) prothrombin, @entity556 , and (brain) thromboplastin solutions. All the fibrinogens show a remarkable uniformity of the precipitation pattern, viz. F.M. =4.7 (+/-0.2) pH in salt-containing buffer solutions and pH = 5.3 (+/-0.2) in salt-poor buffer (N/100 @entity598 ). The latter approximates the isoelectric point (5.4) obtained by cataphoresis (14). There is no evidence that denaturation or digestion can produce any "second maximum." The data support the view that fibrin formation (under the specific influence of @entity556 ) is intrinsically unrelated to denaturation and digestion phenomena, although all three can proceed simultaneously in crude materials. A criticism is offered, therefore, of W  hlisch's blood clotting theory. Further applications of the photoelectric colorimeter to coagulation problems are suggested, including kinetic study of fibrin formation and the assay of @entity2002 , with a possible sensitivity of 7.5 mg. protein in 100 cc. solution.

title: THE FLOCCULATION MAXIMUM (pH) OF XXXX AND SOME OTHER BLOOD-CLOTTING REAGENTS. (RELATIVE TURBIDIMETRY WITH THE EVELYN PHOTOELECTRIC COLORIMETER).

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['FIBRINOGEN']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether the development of cerebral microbleeds (MBs), small areas of signal loss on T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging (GRE), follows a slow or a rapid process. We hypothesized that MBs may develop rapidly after certain critical events, such as @entity64 , and investigated the frequency, location, and factors associated with the formation of new MBs after acute @entity385 . METHODS: We retrospectively examined 237 consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 who underwent MRI within 24 hours and follow-up MRI during the week after symptom onset. We defined new MBs as MBs that newly appeared on follow-up GRE outside the infarcted area. We examined the association of new MBs with demographics, risk factors, laboratory data, baseline @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ; @entity10334 and @entity1188 ). RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 (31.6%) had baseline MBs, and 30 (12.7%) developed new MBs. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the presence of baseline MBs (odds ratio [OR] 5.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12-15.42, p = 0.001) and severe @entity6249 (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.12-7.77, p = 0.03) independently predicted the development of new MBs. Of the 56 new MBs, 29 (51.8%) appeared in the lobar location, 17 (30.4%) appeared in the deep location, and 10 (17.9%) appeared in the infratentorial location. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that new microbleeds (MBs) can develop rapidly after acute @entity385 . Baseline @entity6249 are predictors for the development of new MBs. Further studies will be needed to investigate the clinical implications and mechanisms of these findings.

title: Rapid appearance of new cerebral microbleeds after acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['MBs, and small vessel disease', 'SVD', 'MBs and severe small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarctions']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity97 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity16332 treatment on the long term (104 weeks) response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 . METHODS: 127 adult e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. All @entity1 received treatment on LAM 100 mg/d for at least 104 weeks. The liver function, serum HBV markers and @entity97 viral load were regularly checked during the treatment. The effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity97 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity16332 treatment on the response at 104 weeks were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies / ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 50.0% and 86.8% in @entity1 with baseline ALT less than 5 ULN and ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN, respectively (P less than 0.01). In @entity1 with baseline HBsAg less than 2000 COI and HBsAg is more than or equal to 2000 COI, the proportion of patients with serum HBsAg less than 500 COI at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 19.1% and 17.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). the HBsAg serological conversion rates were respectively 2.1% and 2.5% , respectively (P more than 0.05), the proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies/ml was 61.7% and 67.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with baseline @entity97 DNA less than 10(6) copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 10(6) copies/ml, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml were statistically different at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment, however, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 62.7% and 67.1%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 4 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 70.7% and 60.9%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after treatment was 78.8% and 38.1%, respectively (P less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: e antigen negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 with baseline ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN and @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment have better virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment. The baseline HBsAg and @entity97 DNA load are associated with the virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment.

title: [Early prediction of XXXX response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity16332 :: (MESH:D019259,Chemical) :: ['lamivudine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity97 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity16332 treatment on the long term (104 weeks) response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 . METHODS: 127 adult e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. All @entity1 received treatment on LAM 100 mg/d for at least 104 weeks. The liver function, serum HBV markers and @entity97 viral load were regularly checked during the treatment. The effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity97 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity16332 treatment on the response at 104 weeks were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies / ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 50.0% and 86.8% in @entity1 with baseline ALT less than 5 ULN and ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN, respectively (P less than 0.01). In @entity1 with baseline HBsAg less than 2000 COI and HBsAg is more than or equal to 2000 COI, the proportion of patients with serum HBsAg less than 500 COI at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 19.1% and 17.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). the HBsAg serological conversion rates were respectively 2.1% and 2.5% , respectively (P more than 0.05), the proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies/ml was 61.7% and 67.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with baseline @entity97 DNA less than 10(6) copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 10(6) copies/ml, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml were statistically different at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment, however, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 62.7% and 67.1%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 4 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 70.7% and 60.9%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after treatment was 78.8% and 38.1%, respectively (P less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: e antigen negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 with baseline ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN and @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment have better virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment. The baseline HBsAg and @entity97 DNA load are associated with the virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment.

title: [Early prediction of @entity16332 response in e antigen-negative chronic XXXX @entity1 ].

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity97 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity16332 treatment on the long term (104 weeks) response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 . METHODS: 127 adult e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. All @entity1 received treatment on LAM 100 mg/d for at least 104 weeks. The liver function, serum HBV markers and @entity97 viral load were regularly checked during the treatment. The effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity97 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity16332 treatment on the response at 104 weeks were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies / ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 50.0% and 86.8% in @entity1 with baseline ALT less than 5 ULN and ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN, respectively (P less than 0.01). In @entity1 with baseline HBsAg less than 2000 COI and HBsAg is more than or equal to 2000 COI, the proportion of patients with serum HBsAg less than 500 COI at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 19.1% and 17.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). the HBsAg serological conversion rates were respectively 2.1% and 2.5% , respectively (P more than 0.05), the proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies/ml was 61.7% and 67.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with baseline @entity97 DNA less than 10(6) copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 10(6) copies/ml, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml were statistically different at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment, however, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 62.7% and 67.1%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 4 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 70.7% and 60.9%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after treatment was 78.8% and 38.1%, respectively (P less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: e antigen negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 with baseline ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN and @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment have better virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment. The baseline HBsAg and @entity97 DNA load are associated with the virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment.

title: [Early prediction of @entity16332 response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Neuronal protein synthesis is inhibited in @entity1249 pyramidal neurons for many hours after @entity63 , @entity519 or @entity4053 . This inhibition precedes cell death, is a hallmark characteristic of @entity16 and may play a key role in the death of vulnerable neurons after these insults. The sequence of events leading to this inhibition remains to be fully elucidated. The protein synthesis failure after 7.5 min @entity519 /aglycemia in the @entity35 hippocampal slice can be prevented by blocking @entity1024 receptors in a reduced @entity460 environment during the insult. In this study, we demonstrate that @entity1024 exposure directly causes a dose-dependent, receptor-mediated and prolonged protein synthesis inhibition in @entity1249 pyramidal neurons. The free radical scavenger @entity270 significantly attenuates this damage due to low concentrations of @entity1024 (10 microM). Free radical generation by @entity3624 / @entity3624 oxidase (XOD) can directly damage protein synthesis in neurons of the slice. @entity270 , @entity620 and @entity898 can each prevent the damage due to @entity519 /aglycemia and to higher concentrations of @entity1024 (50 microM), provided @entity460 levels are reduced concomitantly. These findings indicate that both free radicals and @entity460 play a role in the sequence of events leading to protein synthesis failure after energetic stress like @entity519 /aglycemia. They further suggest that the mechanism by which @entity1024 receptor activation damages protein synthesis involves free radical generation.

title: Free radicals are involved in the damage to protein synthesis after XXXX /aglycemia and NMDA exposure.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic damage']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['anoxia']


abstract: Bipolar radiofrequency induced thermotherapy (RFITT) is a minimally invasive electrosurgical technique characterized by a precise controllable effect in the tissue. It has demonstrable efficacy, safety and reproducibility in the management of solid @entity5 . Our aim was to assess the morbidity and efficacy of RFITT as a palliative treatment of @entity135 . Prospective, non-randomized case series and analysis. After evaluation by the multidisciplinary Head and Neck Tumour Board at Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland, 12 consecutive @entity1 with a @entity135 without curative treatment possibilities were enrolled into the study. Five @entity1 had @entity189 , one had an unknown primary @entity5 growing through the skin on the neck, two had a recurrent @entity320 originating from the maxillary sinuses, one had a @entity5772 , two had @entity189 , and one had a recurrent @entity2347 of the parotid gland. RFITT was performed with a CelonLabPrecision generator using appropriate electrodes. The treatment was administered under local or general anaesthesia. The subjective morbidity of the treatment was evaluated. The response to the treatment was assessed clinically and with radiological imaging when feasible. All but two of the @entity1 received palliation to their disease. RFITT induced clinically a partial response in ten @entity1 , and there were radiological detectable changes. There were no treatment related complications, and the @entity1 tolerated the treatment well. RFITT in @entity135 @entity1 is easy to perform, well tolerated, and induces @entity5 mass. Continuous evaluation of RFITT treatment modality is warranted in selected palliative care @entity1 .

title: Radiofrequency induced thermotherapy: an alternative palliative treatment modality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in the tumour', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinomas', 'pharyngeal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the tongue']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore a new therapeutic strategy against @entity1956 and fulminant @entity1956 , we studied effect of co-immunization with @entity97 DNA and HBsAg on the T cell proliferation reaction. METHODS: We immunized the BALB/ c @entity19 with @entity97 DNA vaccine (pcDS2) plus HBsAg by intramuscular injection. The immunization was performed on week 0, 2 and 4. The anti-HBs(IgG)antibody titer, T lymphocyte proliferation reaction , and the expression of @entity688 and @entity403 in CD3 T cell were detected on week 6. RESULTS: The anti-HBs IgG titer induced by pcDS2 plus HBsAg group was higher than that induced by pcDS2, or HBsAg alone. Compared to @entity19 immunized with pcDS2, or HBsAg alone, the stimulated index (SI) of T cell proliferation induced by the pcDS2 plus HBsAg group tested by MTH methods decreased. Besides, the immune suppression of T cell proliferation response induced by co-immunization group was further confirmed by flow cytometry. Finally, the expression of @entity688 and @entity403 in CD3+ T cell was up-regulated in the co-immunization group significantly. CONCLUSION: The co-immunization of @entity97 DNA vaccine and HBsAg can induce the humoral immune response, but cannot induce antigen specific T cell proliferation reaction. Besides, the immune suppression induced by co-immunization may be correlated with the expression of @entity688 and @entity403 .

title: [Suppression of the antigen-specific T cell immune response by co-immunization with the XXXX DNA vaccine and recombinant HBsAg].

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B', 'acute hepatitis B']

answer: @entity97 :: (10407,Species) :: ['HBV']


abstract: As part of the @entity146 assessment after a suicide attempt contact with a significant other could be of importance in order to obtain an additional view of the @entity1 's situation, and thereby possibly broadening the basis of the assessment. The aims of this study were to investigate whether information from a significant other would be helpful in the @entity146 assessment of the @entity1 , and also in assessing the well-being of significant others and their need for support. For the purposes of the study, the significant other (SO) who had been recommended by the @entity1 was contacted directly after the suicide attempt. Almost all the @entity1 (95%) agreed to a social worker contacting an SO, and all the contacted SOs (n = 81) agreed to take part in the study. A semi-structured interview was performed by telephone or in @entity1 on the same occasion as we interviewed the @entity1 or as soon as possible afterwards. The study found that the SOs provided valuable additional information regarding the @entity1 's situation. When comparing the outcomes of the interviews with the SOs and those of the @entity1 , problem areas such as loneliness and lack of self-confidence were mentioned more often by SOs. Also, more @entity1 were reported to be repeaters by SOs, and suicidal signals from the @entity1 had been apprehended by 41% of them. Fifty-seven percent of the SOs who had given psychological and/or practical support to the @entity1 stated it was a burden to them, particularly if the @entity1 had @entity146 other than @entity2166 . It was also found that more than half of the SOs wanted individual counselling and/or counselling together with the @entity1 . This study stresses the value of co-operation with the SOs after a suicide attempt, both in the immediate assessment of the @entity1 and in the planning of treatment strategies.

title: Significant others of suicide attempters: their views at the time of the acute XXXX consultation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['adjustment disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The presence of lipid in the upper gut is able to modify gastrointestinal motor performance, but its influence on the relaxation of the @entity1 stomach, which is known to modify gastric emptying, remains incompletely understood. The relaxation of the proximal stomach in response to various lipid concentrations was therefore studied in healthy volunteers. Since the observed effects could be mediated through osmolality or energy sensitive pathways, the effects of equicaloric and equiosmolar non-lipid solutions were also determined. METHODS: The tone of the proximal stomach was measured during stepwise inflation of a non-compliant bag sited in the proximal stomach, both before and after a test meal was delivered intragastrically. Iso-osmolar lipid emulsions were diluted in iso-osmolar saline at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20%. @entity1219 solutions at osmolalities of 300, 600, 1200 and 2400 mmol/kg and @entity413 solutions of 836 and 3344 kJ/l were also given. RESULTS: All lipid meals of 2.5% or greater concentration induced a reduction in gastric tone in a non-dose-dependent manner, responses to 5% lipid (median (range) 74 (62-92)%) being similar to those to 20% lipid (80 (55-83)%; p > 0.05). No relaxation was elicited by isocaloric @entity413 . @entity1219 only consistently caused relaxation at 2400 mmol/kg. CONCLUSION: Lipid meals reduce @entity1 proximal gastric tone by a lipid specific mechanism, independently of their energy content or osmolality.

title: Evidence for a lipid specific effect in nutrient induced XXXX proximal gastric relaxation.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report the preliminary results of a study on the importance of juxtajugular and supraisthmian lymph node enlargement at US as a sign of occult @entity4941 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined @entity1 submitted to thyroid US for noninflammatory thyroid conditions and for positive familiarity and studied the presence of supraisthmian and juxtajugular lymph node enlargement. The @entity1 were then divided into two groups: the clinical history, antibody titer and symptoms were studied in group A ( @entity1 with enlarged lymph nodes) and the antibody titer, symptoms and US findings were studied in group B ( @entity1 with a history of @entity1374 ). RESULTS: Fifty-nine of 600 @entity1 were allocated to group A and 25 of 600 to group B. Of the former 59 asymptomatic @entity1 (10% of the total), 29% had supraisthmian and 85% juxtajugular lymph node enlargement, with some @entity1 positive at both sites. Forty-seven @entity1 (80%) had @entity4941 (33 of them with positive antibodies and 23 with a clinical history); we had 12 false positives. Twenty-two of 25 group B @entity1 (91%) had supraisthmian (40%) or juxtajugular (83%) lymph node enlargement: 3 @entity1 with no enlarged lymph nodes had an over 3-year history of low antibody titers. DISCUSSION: Forty-seven of 600 (8%) asymptomatic @entity1 who had been never examined are or were affected with @entity4941 . Ninety-one per cent of all @entity1374 @entity1 had supraisthmian or juxtajugular lymph node enlargement, more frequently the latter than the former. CONCLUSIONS: Supraisthmian and/or juxtajugular lymph node enlargement appears to be a very useful US sign of @entity4941 , even though these data need confirmation from larger series of @entity1 .

title: [Lymphadenopathy as specific ultrasonography index of XXXX . Preliminary data].

entities_list: @entity4941 :: ('MESH:D013968', 'Disease') :: ['subacute thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity4941 :: (MESH:D013968,Disease) :: ['subacute thyroiditis']


abstract: The prognostic factors of young @entity0 @entity1 (BCPs) are still controversial. This study is aimed at evaluating the prognosis of young BCPs by characteristics and treatment response. We analysed the data on 2,593 operable BCPs age <or=50 years who were treated in the @entity5 Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China between 1990 and 2004. The overall survival and recurrence/ @entity3 -free survival were compared. In the study, 782 @entity1 (30.2%) were <or=40 years, and 1,811 (69.8%) were 41-50 years old at their primary diagnosis. BCPs <or=40 years presented more unfavourable features than the 41-50 years BCPs (P < 0.05). They were more likely to experience @entity204 (P < 0.001) and recurrence/ @entity3 events (P < 0.001) even when they underwent the same adjuvant therapy in parallel with their counterparts (P < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, age was an independent predictive factor for @entity4434 (HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.44-0.89, P = 0.009) but not for @entity3012 (P > 0.05). Higher TNM stage and chemotherapy, but not @entity1722 over-expression, were predictive factors for young Chinese BCPs. The characteristics of @entity0 are more aggressive in young Chinese BCPs. Their prognostic factors are obviously different from those of the elder group. Current therapy was not as effective for them.

title: Unfavourable clinicopathologic features and low response rate to systemic adjuvant therapy: results with regard to poor survival in young Chinese XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The prognostic factors of young @entity0 @entity1 (BCPs) are still controversial. This study is aimed at evaluating the prognosis of young BCPs by characteristics and treatment response. We analysed the data on 2,593 operable BCPs age <or=50 years who were treated in the @entity5 Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China between 1990 and 2004. The overall survival and recurrence/ @entity3 -free survival were compared. In the study, 782 @entity1 (30.2%) were <or=40 years, and 1,811 (69.8%) were 41-50 years old at their primary diagnosis. BCPs <or=40 years presented more unfavourable features than the 41-50 years BCPs (P < 0.05). They were more likely to experience @entity204 (P < 0.001) and recurrence/ @entity3 events (P < 0.001) even when they underwent the same adjuvant therapy in parallel with their counterparts (P < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, age was an independent predictive factor for @entity4434 (HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.44-0.89, P = 0.009) but not for @entity3012 (P > 0.05). Higher TNM stage and chemotherapy, but not @entity1722 over-expression, were predictive factors for young Chinese BCPs. The characteristics of @entity0 are more aggressive in young Chinese BCPs. Their prognostic factors are obviously different from those of the elder group. Current therapy was not as effective for them.

title: Unfavourable clinicopathologic features and low response rate to systemic adjuvant therapy: results with regard to poor survival in young Chinese @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The hyaluronidase first isolated from @entity1 plasma, @entity9906 , is expressed in many somatic tissues. The @entity9906 gene, @entity9906 , also known as @entity9906 , maps to chromosome 3p21.3 within a candidate @entity5 suppressor gene locus defined by homozygous deletions and by functional @entity5 suppressor activity. Hemizygosity in this region occurs in many @entity5 , including @entity957 of the head and neck. We have investigated whether cell lines derived from such @entity5 expressed @entity9906 activity, using normal @entity1 keratinocytes as controls. @entity9906 enzyme activity and protein were absent or markedly reduced in six of seven @entity189 cell lines examined. Comparative genomic and fluorescence in situ hybridization identified chromosomal deletions of one allele of @entity9906 in six of seven cell lines. Initial RT - PCR analyses demonstrated marked discrepancies between levels of @entity9906 mRNA and protein. Despite repeated sequence analyses, no mutations were found. However, two species of transcripts were identified when primers were used that included the 5' untranslated region. The predominant mRNA species did not correlate with protein translation and contained a retained intron. A second spliced form lacking this intron was found only in cell lines that produced @entity9906 protein. Inactivation of @entity9906 in these @entity5 lines is a result of incomplete splicing of its pre-mRNA that appears to be epigenetic in nature. Oncogene (2000) 19, 870 - 877.

title: HYAL1LUCA-1, a candidate @entity5 suppressor gene on chromosome 3p21.3, is inactivated in head and neck XXXX by aberrant splicing of pre-mRNA.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: The hyaluronidase first isolated from @entity1 plasma, @entity9906 , is expressed in many somatic tissues. The @entity9906 gene, @entity9906 , also known as @entity9906 , maps to chromosome 3p21.3 within a candidate @entity5 suppressor gene locus defined by homozygous deletions and by functional @entity5 suppressor activity. Hemizygosity in this region occurs in many @entity5 , including @entity957 of the head and neck. We have investigated whether cell lines derived from such @entity5 expressed @entity9906 activity, using normal @entity1 keratinocytes as controls. @entity9906 enzyme activity and protein were absent or markedly reduced in six of seven @entity189 cell lines examined. Comparative genomic and fluorescence in situ hybridization identified chromosomal deletions of one allele of @entity9906 in six of seven cell lines. Initial RT - PCR analyses demonstrated marked discrepancies between levels of @entity9906 mRNA and protein. Despite repeated sequence analyses, no mutations were found. However, two species of transcripts were identified when primers were used that included the 5' untranslated region. The predominant mRNA species did not correlate with protein translation and contained a retained intron. A second spliced form lacking this intron was found only in cell lines that produced @entity9906 protein. Inactivation of @entity9906 in these @entity5 lines is a result of incomplete splicing of its pre-mRNA that appears to be epigenetic in nature. Oncogene (2000) 19, 870 - 877.

title: HYAL1LUCA-1, a candidate XXXX suppressor gene on chromosome 3p21.3, is inactivated in head and neck @entity957 by aberrant splicing of pre-mRNA.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) technique has facilitated en bloc removal of widely spread lesions from the stomach. This retrospective study aimed to determine factors associated with serious complications of ESD. METHODS: Between December 2001 and March 2007, we have performed ESD for 478 lesions in 436 @entity1 . We experienced 39 @entity1 with @entity548 and 17 @entity1 with perforation. Risk factors of @entity1 who received ESD in @entity356 for complications were evaluated, focusing on resected size, location, @entity75 , operation time, and experience of endoscopists. We evaluated the @entity1 ' background characteristics including sex, age, body mass index (kg/m(2)), drug history of anticoagulant, and underlying diseases including @entity1504 , @entity741 , @entity409 , @entity8 , @entity5052 , @entity101 and @entity6 . RESULTS: Multivariate analysis indicated a risk factor for perforation was long operation time. Multivariate analysis indicated a significant risk factor for @entity548 was size of the resected @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated risk factors for serious complications of ESD. Large resected @entity5 size was a risk factor for @entity548 , while long operation time was a risk factor for perforation. Information regarding operation risk factors should be useful for planning strategies for ESD.

title: Risk factors for complications of endoscopic submucosal dissection in XXXX : analysis of 478 lesions.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['scar lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disorder']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal tumors']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: Widespread @entity1118 has been related to disability and loss of quality of life, but in a few epidemiological studies also to increased mortality. The aim of this study was to further investigate the relationship between @entity1118 , lifestyle factors and all cause mortality. METHODS: A random sample of an adult (age 25-74) Swedish population (n = 1609) responded to a comprehensive questionnaire on @entity158 , other symptoms, lifestyle, work and socioeconomic factors in 1988. Mortality data for this cohort between 1988 and 2002 were analysed. Survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier) and Cox proportional regression were used to study initially reported factors influencing survival. RESULTS: Individuals with widespread @entity1118 showed an increased mortality risk (hazard ratio, HR = 1.95, CI: 1.26-3.03) compared to the group without @entity1118 . Death due to @entity65 accounted for the increased mortality. Adjustment for lifestyle factors eliminated the excess risk. CONCLUSIONS: Increased mortality among individuals with widespread @entity1118 is related to factors like smoking, sleep disturbances and low physical activity. The result emphasises the importance of including lifestyle factors in a cognitive-behavioural rehabilitation process. It remains to be shown whether health promotion activities aimed at lifestyle could change mortality among individuals with @entity1118 .

title: Increased mortality among individuals with chronic XXXX relates to lifestyle factors: a prospective population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['widespread pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) was evaluated in lower extremity rehabilitation in @entity1 with @entity64 . METHOD: The study enrolled 40 @entity1 with @entity64 . Twenty @entity1 each were assigned to the treatment group and the control group. All @entity1 received a conventional rehabilitation program for a 4-week period. In addition to this rehabilitation program, @entity1 in the treatment group received NMES treatment for hemiplegic foot dorsiflexor muscles for 4 weeks, 5 days a week. The sessions were performed as one session per day and added to a total of 20 sessions. Clinical parameters were evaluated before and after the treatment. RESULTS: Pre-treatment and post-treatment evaluations showed a significant increase in ankle dorsiflexion and a significant decrease in the level of @entity508 in the treatment group (p < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences in the control group between the pre-treatment and post-treatment measures. Although Brunnstrom Stage, Rivermead leg and trunk score and Functional Independence Measurement motor subscore showed a significant improvement in pre- and post-treatment comparisons for both groups, the treatment group's scores were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Functional Ambulation Categories showed a significant improvement in both groups following the treatment; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Use of NMES in hemiplegic foot dorsiflexion can contribute to the clinical improvement of @entity1 when used in combination with rehabilitation programs.

title: The effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on clinical improvement in hemiplegic lower extremity rehabilitation in XXXX : a single-blind, randomised, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of @entity2516 in Segovia, Spain. METHODS: A cohort of 569 subjects was randomly selected in a stratified manner according to gender and age in a cross-sectional, population-based epidemiologic study, the target population of which was urban residents aged 40 to 79 years. All @entity1 underwent an ophthalmic examination that included measurement of visual acuity (VA) and refraction, tonometry, anterior segment biomicroscopy, funduscopy, optic nerve head photography, and visual field testing. Of those, 417 subjects were enrolled who met the inclusion criteria of a phakic right eye and VA over 20/40. The prevalence of spherical errors was assessed after calculating the spherical equivalent and defining @entity1714 as -0.5 diopters (D) or less and @entity3467 as +0.50 D or more. The prevalence of @entity940 over 0.50 D was evaluated in minus cylinder form. RESULTS: The estimated prevalences (95% confidence interval) of @entity1714 , @entity3467 , and @entity940 , in the population were 25.4% (21.5-29.8%) 43.6% (39-48.4%), and 53.5% (48.7-58.2%), respectively. No significant gender difference was found in the prevalence of any @entity2516 . The prevalence of @entity1714 or the mean value did not change significantly with age. The mean @entity3467 and the mean @entity940 (p < 0.01 for both) and the prevalence increased with increasing age (p < 0.01 for both). @entity9340 of 1 D or more was present in 12.3% (49/396 subjects). CONCLUSION: More than 60% of the Segovia population over 40 years of age has a @entity2516 , with 25.4% myopic and 43.6% hyperopic. @entity940 is present in over half of the population and the types change with age.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in an adult European population: the Segovia study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism', 'Astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error', 'refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['Anisometropia']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['refractive errors']


abstract: Brassinosteroids ( @entity4375 ) are a new group of plant growth substances that promote plant growth and productivity. We showed in this study that improved growth of @entity9688 ( @entity9688 ) plants after treatment with @entity16044 (EBR), an active BR, was associated with increased @entity515 assimilation and quantum yield of PSII (Phi(PSII)). Treatment of @entity24315 ( @entity24634 ), a specific inhibitor for BR biosynthesis, reduced plant growth and at the same time decreased @entity515 assimilation and Phi(PSII). Thus, the growth-promoting activity of @entity4375 can be, at least partly, attributed to enhanced plant photosynthesis. To understand how @entity4375 enhance photosynthesis, we have analyzed the effects of EBR and Brz on a number of photosynthetic parameters and their affecting factors, including the contents and activity of @entity9578 carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Northern and Western blotting demonstrated that EBR upregulated, while Brz downregulated, the expressions of rbcL, rbcS and other photosynthetic genes. In addition, EBR had a positive effect on the activation of Rubisco based on increased maximum Rubisco carboxylation rates (V (c,max)), total Rubisco activity and, to a greater extent, initial Rubisco activity. The accumulation patterns of Rubisco activase (RCA) based on immunogold-labeling experiments suggested a role of RCA in BR-regulated activation state of Rubisco. Enhanced expression of genes encoding other Calvin cycle genes after EBR treatment may also play a positive role in RuBP regeneration (J (max)), thereby increasing maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (V (c,max)). Thus, @entity4375 promote photosynthesis and growth by positively regulating synthesis and activation of a variety of photosynthetic enzymes including Rubisco in @entity9688 .

title: Brassinosteroids promote photosynthesis and growth by enhancing activation of Rubisco and expression of photosynthetic genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Species') :: ['cucumber', 'Cucumis sativus']

entities_list: @entity24315 :: ('MESH:C412342', 'Chemical') :: ['brassinazole']

entities_list: @entity9578 :: ('MESH:C001933', 'Chemical') :: ['ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity16044 :: ('MESH:C023623', 'Chemical') :: ['24-epibrassinolide']

answer: @entity9688 :: (3659,Species) :: ['Cucumis sativus']


abstract: Gene targeting of the @entity1991 and @entity28348 subunits of @entity1991 has shown that @entity1991 plays a critical role in osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism by which @entity1991 regulates osteoclast differentiation is still unclear. To address this issue, we analyzed alymphoplasia ( @entity10179 / @entity10179 ) @entity19 in which the processing of @entity28349 to @entity28348 does not occur owing to an inactive form of @entity10179 ( @entity10179 ). @entity10179 / @entity10179 @entity19 showed a mild @entity2525 with significantly reduced osteoclast numbers. @entity5271 -induced osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow cells of @entity10179 / @entity10179 @entity19 also was suppressed. @entity5271 still induced the degradation of @entity1993 and activated classical @entity1991 , whereas processing of @entity28349 to @entity28348 was abolished by the @entity10179 / @entity10179 mutation. Moreover, @entity5271 -induced expression of @entity25314 was impaired in @entity10179 / @entity10179 bone marrow. Overexpression of constitutively active @entity15385 or @entity28348 restored osteoclastogenesis in @entity10179 / @entity10179 cells. Finally, transfection of either wild-type @entity28349 , @entity33518 GRR that cannot be processed to @entity28348 , or @entity28348 into @entity28348 -deficient cells followed by @entity5271 treatment revealed a strong correlation between the number of osteoclasts induced by @entity5271 and the ratio of @entity28348 to @entity28349 expression. Our data provide a new finding for a previously unappreciated role for @entity1991 in osteoclast differentiation.

title: Processing of the @entity28348 precursor @entity28349 to @entity28348 is critical for XXXX -induced osteoclast differentiation.

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity5271 :: (21943(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['RANKL']


abstract: Gene targeting of the @entity1991 and @entity28348 subunits of @entity1991 has shown that @entity1991 plays a critical role in osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism by which @entity1991 regulates osteoclast differentiation is still unclear. To address this issue, we analyzed alymphoplasia ( @entity10179 / @entity10179 ) @entity19 in which the processing of @entity28349 to @entity28348 does not occur owing to an inactive form of @entity10179 ( @entity10179 ). @entity10179 / @entity10179 @entity19 showed a mild @entity2525 with significantly reduced osteoclast numbers. @entity5271 -induced osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow cells of @entity10179 / @entity10179 @entity19 also was suppressed. @entity5271 still induced the degradation of @entity1993 and activated classical @entity1991 , whereas processing of @entity28349 to @entity28348 was abolished by the @entity10179 / @entity10179 mutation. Moreover, @entity5271 -induced expression of @entity25314 was impaired in @entity10179 / @entity10179 bone marrow. Overexpression of constitutively active @entity15385 or @entity28348 restored osteoclastogenesis in @entity10179 / @entity10179 cells. Finally, transfection of either wild-type @entity28349 , @entity33518 GRR that cannot be processed to @entity28348 , or @entity28348 into @entity28348 -deficient cells followed by @entity5271 treatment revealed a strong correlation between the number of osteoclasts induced by @entity5271 and the ratio of @entity28348 to @entity28349 expression. Our data provide a new finding for a previously unappreciated role for @entity1991 in osteoclast differentiation.

title: Processing of the XXXX precursor @entity28349 to @entity28348 is critical for @entity5271 -induced osteoclast differentiation.

answer: @entity28348 :: (18034(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NF-kappa B2']


abstract: Gene targeting of the @entity1991 and @entity28348 subunits of @entity1991 has shown that @entity1991 plays a critical role in osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism by which @entity1991 regulates osteoclast differentiation is still unclear. To address this issue, we analyzed alymphoplasia ( @entity10179 / @entity10179 ) @entity19 in which the processing of @entity28349 to @entity28348 does not occur owing to an inactive form of @entity10179 ( @entity10179 ). @entity10179 / @entity10179 @entity19 showed a mild @entity2525 with significantly reduced osteoclast numbers. @entity5271 -induced osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow cells of @entity10179 / @entity10179 @entity19 also was suppressed. @entity5271 still induced the degradation of @entity1993 and activated classical @entity1991 , whereas processing of @entity28349 to @entity28348 was abolished by the @entity10179 / @entity10179 mutation. Moreover, @entity5271 -induced expression of @entity25314 was impaired in @entity10179 / @entity10179 bone marrow. Overexpression of constitutively active @entity15385 or @entity28348 restored osteoclastogenesis in @entity10179 / @entity10179 cells. Finally, transfection of either wild-type @entity28349 , @entity33518 GRR that cannot be processed to @entity28348 , or @entity28348 into @entity28348 -deficient cells followed by @entity5271 treatment revealed a strong correlation between the number of osteoclasts induced by @entity5271 and the ratio of @entity28348 to @entity28349 expression. Our data provide a new finding for a previously unappreciated role for @entity1991 in osteoclast differentiation.

title: Processing of the @entity28348 precursor @entity28349 to XXXX is critical for @entity5271 -induced osteoclast differentiation.

answer: @entity28348 :: (18034(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p52']


abstract: Gene targeting of the @entity1991 and @entity28348 subunits of @entity1991 has shown that @entity1991 plays a critical role in osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism by which @entity1991 regulates osteoclast differentiation is still unclear. To address this issue, we analyzed alymphoplasia ( @entity10179 / @entity10179 ) @entity19 in which the processing of @entity28349 to @entity28348 does not occur owing to an inactive form of @entity10179 ( @entity10179 ). @entity10179 / @entity10179 @entity19 showed a mild @entity2525 with significantly reduced osteoclast numbers. @entity5271 -induced osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow cells of @entity10179 / @entity10179 @entity19 also was suppressed. @entity5271 still induced the degradation of @entity1993 and activated classical @entity1991 , whereas processing of @entity28349 to @entity28348 was abolished by the @entity10179 / @entity10179 mutation. Moreover, @entity5271 -induced expression of @entity25314 was impaired in @entity10179 / @entity10179 bone marrow. Overexpression of constitutively active @entity15385 or @entity28348 restored osteoclastogenesis in @entity10179 / @entity10179 cells. Finally, transfection of either wild-type @entity28349 , @entity33518 GRR that cannot be processed to @entity28348 , or @entity28348 into @entity28348 -deficient cells followed by @entity5271 treatment revealed a strong correlation between the number of osteoclasts induced by @entity5271 and the ratio of @entity28348 to @entity28349 expression. Our data provide a new finding for a previously unappreciated role for @entity1991 in osteoclast differentiation.

title: Processing of the @entity28348 precursor XXXX to @entity28348 is critical for @entity5271 -induced osteoclast differentiation.

answer: @entity28349 :: (72119(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p100']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of harvested (LNs) and metastatic nodes (LNs+) represents the most significant factor to define postoperative treatment and prognosis in @entity694 . However, its assessment may be inadequate causing an incorrect @entity5 staging. The lymph node ratio (LNR: the ratio between metastatic and resected nodes) has shown prognostic significance in many @entity5 ; however, its role in @entity694 is not clearly elucidated. This study investigated LNR as a prognostic factor in node-positive @entity694 . METHODS: A total of 145 consecutive @entity1 with node-positive @entity694 who underwent curative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy in a single oncologic unit entered this study. RESULTS: LNR ranged from 0.0416 to 0.9; it was clearly lower in @entity3121 than @entity477 @entity1 , and increased as @entity5 stage worsened. ROC analysis selected 0.1818 as the best LNR cutoff value. Low LNR @entity1 did significantly better than high LNR @entity1 ; this difference was not dependent on the number of LNs and stronger than differences observed by grouping @entity1 according to LNs or LNs+. When stratified by low and high LNR value, @entity3121 and @entity477 @entity1 , as well as stage III subgroups were shown to display substantially different outcomes. LNR was an independent prognostic factor for disease-specific survival, and the only covariate related to disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: LNR was a robust prognostic indicator for node-positive @entity694 undergoing curative surgery. Because this ratio-based staging was demonstrated to reduce stage migration and to aid in identifying high-risk @entity1 , it should be proposed as a standard tool for @entity5 .

title: The lymph node ratio is a powerful prognostic factor of node-positive XXXX undergoing potentially curative surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'colon cancer staging', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancers']


abstract: We report 10 @entity1 with the diagnosis of acute disseminated @entity1651 . Diagnosis was based on clinical and radiologic findings, and after acute @entity198 was excluded by negative culture and antibody results. The most common presenting symptom was @entity2055 , followed by @entity1781 , @entity129 , @entity410 , @entity66 , and @entity909 . Brain magnetic resonance imaging showing bilateral symmetrical hyper-intense lesions of the same age in brain stem, subcortical white matter, thalamus, basal ganglia, or cerebellum was the mainstay of the diagnosis. The presence of a preceding event (either an @entity281 or vaccination) was present in 8 of 10 @entity1 . Brain computed tomographic scans were abnormal in 3 of 10, and electroencephalogram was normal in all @entity1 . High-dose corticosteroids were given to six @entity1 , one received low-dose @entity230 , and the other three had symptomatic follow-up. Those who relapsed were mainly from the symptomatic follow-up group. Only one @entity1 (the youngest) receiving high-dose @entity1667 relapsed. Therefore, early high-dose @entity134 treatment seems to be the most effective treatment in acute disseminated @entity1651 and can prevent relapses.

title: Acute disseminated XXXX in childhood: report of 10 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1651 :: (MESH:D004679,Disease) :: ['encephalomyelitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in a prospective pilot study, the feasibility of identifying pathogens in urine using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to compare the results with the conventional urine culture-based procedures. @entity1 AND METHODS: Severe @entity293 ( @entity293 ) are frequent in @entity3124 @entity1 in the intensive-care unit (ICU) and in outpatients, and thus the reliable and fast identification of the bacteria is mandatory, but routine urine culture is time-consuming and the therapeutic regimen is often calculated and not culture-based. The study included 301 prospectively collected urine samples from 189 @entity1 with suspected UTI, based in a university hospital in 2005, and included outpatients and those in the ICU. Urine culture with Cled-, MacConkey- and malt extract agar of all samples was followed by microbiological identification of the pathogens in 98 samples with visible growth. In parallel, all samples were assessed using qualitative real-time PCR-based DNA detection and identification by labelled hybridization probes. RESULTS: In all, 15 dipstick culture-negative samples showed positive pathogen DNA identification by PCR. By contrast, 17 PCR-negative samples showed detectable pathogens by culture, of which 10 were not detectable on PCR because the identified pathogens were not represented in the probe panel. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting contaminated samples was 0.90 and 0.87, respectively. Overall, 95% of the mono-infection pathogens and 57% of the @entity281 pathogens were detected concordantly with both methods. CONCLUSION: In this prospective pilot study PCR-based identification of pathogens was feasible for supplementing conventional culture methods for the diagnosis of UTI. The main advantage is the time saved in identifying the pathogens. The limited pathogen detection in @entity281 -samples by PCR might be explained by competitive PCR amplification conditions.

title: Real-time polymerase chain-reaction detection of pathogens is feasible to supplement the diagnostic sequence for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multiple-infection']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A @entity1157 occurred to a 64-year-old female with highly aberrant bile ducts due to sinistroposition. Methods of potential injury avoidance are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A @entity1 underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic @entity2963 . A @entity10584 was diagnosed intraoperatively. Three days later, the @entity1 presented with @entity1087 and rising liver function tests. The @entity1 was referred to our institution for suspected @entity1157 . Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed complete occlusion of the common bile duct. A percutaneous transhepatic tube was placed in the bile ducts for decompression. During later operative exploration, a left-sided common hepatic duct was discovered. Review of preoperative imaging confirmed that the right hepatic duct crossed superior to the umbilical portion of the left portal vein and that segment 4 ducts drained into the right anterior sectional bile duct. CONCLUSION: This case describes an @entity395 associated with an injury to the common bile duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Knowledge of the complex and unusual alterations in biliary anatomy, which may accompany sinistroposition of the gallbladder, should aid in avoidance of such injuries in the future.

title: Common XXXX following laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the setting of sinistroposition of the galladder and biliary confluence: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injury']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity10584 :: ('MESH:C537001', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['extremely rare anomaly']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['bile duct injury']


abstract: The surgeon is the key "prognosis factor" for @entity14 . For this reason quality criteria were recently established (including minimum numbers) in order to treat @entity1 who are entitled to the best quality of care and to improve the prognosis. The aim of this study was to critically discuss the existing demands on the surgeon based on the current literature and our own results and to formulate evidence-based quality criteria for surgical clinics. After reviewing the current literature criteria were compiled, discussed and finally presented in a summarized form. These are based on current developments on the diagnostic and therapy of large intestine and @entity14 . New developments of the German @entity5 Society for planning of organ centers are incorporated. The quintessence of our study is that the number of cases alone is not decisive for the success of therapy. Important are the application of the correct surgical-oncology operation procedure, adherence to standards and the training of surgeons. Following the S3 guidelines stage-oriented therapy should additionally be carried out in a structured sequence. This includes an interdisciplinary decision making on the diagnostic and therapy strategy ( @entity5 board). The organization structure of the hospital (teams, @entity5 board, emergency care with intensive care unit, emergency diagnostic and options for interventional measures) can be more important than the hospital case numbers alone. These demands which have been evaluated from published data and own results are designed to raise the therapy of @entity14 to the best possible level of quality and to effect a further improvement in the prognosis.

title: [Quality criteria for treatment of XXXX . From a surgeon's viewpoint].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospectively study. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to clarify the safety and efficacy of asymmetrical pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in the treatment of severe adult lumbar deformities prospectively. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Vertebral wedge osteotomy provides good correction of @entity1513 but has rarely been applied to @entity179 . METHODS: A total of 14 @entity1 who had undergone corrective osteotomy were enrolled. The average age at PSO was 67 years (range, 45-76 yr). The minimum follow-up was 2 years. @entity1 questionnaires were administered prospectively. Radiographical parameters including sagittal and coronal balance were analyzed. RESULTS: Average operative time was 310 minutes (range, 254-375 min). Average @entity190 was 1090 mL (range, 700-2900 mL).Mean preoperative lumbar @entity1515 improved from -3   to 42   at the final follow-up, and sagittal balance improved from 12 to 3 cm, respectively. Mean lumbar scoliosis improved from 40   to 12  , and coronal offset improved from 3 to 1 cm, respectively. There was also statistically significant improvement from preoperative to final evaluation in all clinical domains. There were 4 complications: 1 dural tear, 2 hook dislodgements at the cephalad side requiring revision instrumentation, and 1 rod breakage not requiring surgical intervention. Overall, all 14 @entity1 were satisfied with their surgical management and would choose to repeat the procedure. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the surgical procedure of asymmetrical PSO is to correct the scoliosis, to restore the lumbar @entity1515 by way of convex-sided posterolateral wedge osteotomy, and may go a long way toward solving the problems of @entity2003 .

title: Asymmetrical pedicle subtraction osteotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid lumbar degenerative kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar kyphoscoliosis']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['rigid degenerative lumbar kyphoscoliosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report middle-term results of deep sclerectomy in @entity1596 @entity1 with @entity726 who are resistant to medical therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eight eyes of eight @entity1 (mean age, 56.9 years; range, 46-67 years) with @entity726 resistant to medical therapy underwent deep sclerectomy without antimetabolites between 1994 and 2001. All @entity1 had their @entity1596 controlled before and after surgery by anti-inflammatory therapy. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 42.2 months. Intraocular pressure was reduced from a mean preoperative value of 32.3 mmHg to a mean postoperative value of 15.2 (52.9% reduction). Success was obtained in seven eyes (87.5%). It was complete in four eyes (57.2%) and relative in three eyes (42.8%). Failure was noted in one eye (12.5%), controlled later by trabeculectomy. Antiglaucomatous medication was reduced from a mean of 2.9 medications preoperatively to 0.6 medications (79.3% reduction). @entity260 included one case of @entity231 and one case of @entity5891 . CONCLUSION: The low rate of surgical complications and the lack of failure risk factors except @entity32 and long-term use of antiglaucomatous medication may explain the high success rate of deep sclerectomy in this study.

title: [Deep sclerectomy for the management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['lens opacity']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'uveitic glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['uveitic glaucoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity17631 is an autosomal dominant, but not @entity8525 . We report a family case associating @entity17631 , strabismus, and @entity121 . We successively studied seven isolated @entity1 presenting a @entity3918 and two controls and recorded the ocular saccades of these @entity1 (amplitude, velocity) as a comparison for our family case. @entity1 AND METHODS: Four @entity1 from the same family presented @entity17631 associated with strabismus. In addition to the clinical manifestations, the electro-oculographic analysis showed saccade alterations. The saccades of the seven other isolated @entity1 , recruited in a neurology department, were evaluated by electro-oculographic recordings according to four different paradigms. RESULTS: The @entity1 within our family case all presented @entity5971 , with or without a vertical @entity74 . Clinical examination reported alterations in ocular motility--impairment and slowness of ocular movements--suggesting a @entity74 . The electro-oculographic recordings reported a slowing of saccades with increasing duration. For the isolated cases, the slowing of saccades observed was only reported for the @entity1 with @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ); nevertheless, we failed to show any @entity3918 phenomena. DISCUSSION: No cases associating @entity17631 , strabismus, and electro-oculographic disorders have been reported in the literature to date. The electro-oculographic slowing of saccades is not rare in @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ), but in @entity17631 this has never been reported. CONCLUSION: This is the first report concerning @entity17631 associated with strabismus and alterations of saccades. The mechanism of this disorder has yet to be discovered, as for @entity3918 .

title: [ XXXX and strabismus: recording saccades in @entity3918 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity17631 :: ('MESH:D009224', 'Disease') :: ['Thomsen myotonia', "congenital Thomsen's myotonia"]

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity8525 :: ('MESH:D009222', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic myotonia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic disorder', 'oculomotor disorder']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic', 'myotonic disease', 'Steinert disease', 'myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['ocular myopathy']

answer: @entity17631 :: (MESH:D009224,Disease) :: ['Thomsen myotonia congenita']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity17631 is an autosomal dominant, but not @entity8525 . We report a family case associating @entity17631 , strabismus, and @entity121 . We successively studied seven isolated @entity1 presenting a @entity3918 and two controls and recorded the ocular saccades of these @entity1 (amplitude, velocity) as a comparison for our family case. @entity1 AND METHODS: Four @entity1 from the same family presented @entity17631 associated with strabismus. In addition to the clinical manifestations, the electro-oculographic analysis showed saccade alterations. The saccades of the seven other isolated @entity1 , recruited in a neurology department, were evaluated by electro-oculographic recordings according to four different paradigms. RESULTS: The @entity1 within our family case all presented @entity5971 , with or without a vertical @entity74 . Clinical examination reported alterations in ocular motility--impairment and slowness of ocular movements--suggesting a @entity74 . The electro-oculographic recordings reported a slowing of saccades with increasing duration. For the isolated cases, the slowing of saccades observed was only reported for the @entity1 with @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ); nevertheless, we failed to show any @entity3918 phenomena. DISCUSSION: No cases associating @entity17631 , strabismus, and electro-oculographic disorders have been reported in the literature to date. The electro-oculographic slowing of saccades is not rare in @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ), but in @entity17631 this has never been reported. CONCLUSION: This is the first report concerning @entity17631 associated with strabismus and alterations of saccades. The mechanism of this disorder has yet to be discovered, as for @entity3918 .

title: [ @entity17631 and strabismus: recording saccades in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['myotonic diseases']


abstract: We present a case of isolated @entity1779 with remitting nodular lesions resembling @entity2504 . The @entity1 , admitted at our Department for surgical treatment of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated fourth @entity75 , presented @entity428 . A second MRI performed before the scheduled operation showed the disappearance of the fourth @entity75 and a tetra-ventricular @entity1276 . The @entity1 has been treated with a third-ventriculostomy, followed, after 15 days, by ventriculoperitoneal shunt. High doses of @entity230 have been administered. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis has been conducted and a high concentration of @entity1289 , specific marker of @entity7993 , has been found. No biopsy was performed to avoid surgical complications. A systemic chemotherapy with @entity500 has been started, but the @entity1 died six months later for worsening of the clinical conditions. The autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of @entity7993 . This is the first MRI documented case of @entity7993 with remitting lesions. Diagnosis of @entity7993 is difficult and it is based on clinical and radiological exclusion of other entities. CSF examination is useful for diagnosis, for the reported specificity and sensibility of @entity1289 . Medical treatment is based on @entity288 and chemotherapic agents. Neurosurgical intervention can be related to treat @entity1276 due to ependymal and @entity2443 or to remove large lesions. In our opinion biopsy should be limited only to @entity1289 negative @entity1 and to those who do not respond to chemotherapy.

title: @entity75 in @entity1 with XXXX . A case report.

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['acute intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ventricle lesion']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity7993 :: ('MESH:C535814', 'Disease') :: ['isolated neurosarcoidosis', 'neurosarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoidal involvement']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral neurosarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral-isolated neurosarcoidosis']


abstract: We present a case of isolated @entity1779 with remitting nodular lesions resembling @entity2504 . The @entity1 , admitted at our Department for surgical treatment of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated fourth @entity75 , presented @entity428 . A second MRI performed before the scheduled operation showed the disappearance of the fourth @entity75 and a tetra-ventricular @entity1276 . The @entity1 has been treated with a third-ventriculostomy, followed, after 15 days, by ventriculoperitoneal shunt. High doses of @entity230 have been administered. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis has been conducted and a high concentration of @entity1289 , specific marker of @entity7993 , has been found. No biopsy was performed to avoid surgical complications. A systemic chemotherapy with @entity500 has been started, but the @entity1 died six months later for worsening of the clinical conditions. The autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of @entity7993 . This is the first MRI documented case of @entity7993 with remitting lesions. Diagnosis of @entity7993 is difficult and it is based on clinical and radiological exclusion of other entities. CSF examination is useful for diagnosis, for the reported specificity and sensibility of @entity1289 . Medical treatment is based on @entity288 and chemotherapic agents. Neurosurgical intervention can be related to treat @entity1276 due to ependymal and @entity2443 or to remove large lesions. In our opinion biopsy should be limited only to @entity1289 negative @entity1 and to those who do not respond to chemotherapy.

title: XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1779 . A case report.

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Ghost lesions']


abstract: We present a case of isolated @entity1779 with remitting nodular lesions resembling @entity2504 . The @entity1 , admitted at our Department for surgical treatment of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated fourth @entity75 , presented @entity428 . A second MRI performed before the scheduled operation showed the disappearance of the fourth @entity75 and a tetra-ventricular @entity1276 . The @entity1 has been treated with a third-ventriculostomy, followed, after 15 days, by ventriculoperitoneal shunt. High doses of @entity230 have been administered. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis has been conducted and a high concentration of @entity1289 , specific marker of @entity7993 , has been found. No biopsy was performed to avoid surgical complications. A systemic chemotherapy with @entity500 has been started, but the @entity1 died six months later for worsening of the clinical conditions. The autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of @entity7993 . This is the first MRI documented case of @entity7993 with remitting lesions. Diagnosis of @entity7993 is difficult and it is based on clinical and radiological exclusion of other entities. CSF examination is useful for diagnosis, for the reported specificity and sensibility of @entity1289 . Medical treatment is based on @entity288 and chemotherapic agents. Neurosurgical intervention can be related to treat @entity1276 due to ependymal and @entity2443 or to remove large lesions. In our opinion biopsy should be limited only to @entity1289 negative @entity1 and to those who do not respond to chemotherapy.

title: @entity75 in XXXX with @entity1779 . A case report.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity35 mesenchymal @entity703 cells (NeDe) transplanted under the kidney capsule of F344 @entity35 resulted in @entity3 in the parathymic lymph nodes. @entity5 cells were isolated from these @entity5 -bearing lymph nodes and 106 cells were implanted under the kidney capsule. @entity5 growth after this implantation could be traced within six days. India ink was implanted to prove that there is a connection between the lymphatic vessels of the kidney capsule and the parathymic lymph nodes. The distribution of the radioligand 18FDG in different organs also provided evidence that the parathymic lymph nodes are the primary sites of metastatic @entity5 growth. @entity5 growth was followed after staining sections of biopsies of normal, @entity5 kidneys and parathymic lymph nodes embedded in @entity982 . The progression of @entity5 formation was seen as a frontline between the healthy and @entity5 bearing tissue. This demarcation line was sharp at the beginning of the invasion and at the peripheral regions of the @entity5 , while the central region infiltrated into the healthy kidney tissue. The initial invasion gradually turned to an infiltration resulting in the disruption of the renal tissue, especially at the periphery. Accumulation of lipids and flow of blood to the lymphatic vessels was due to the lack of angiogenesis, leading to an increased pressure of the interstitial fluid. @entity16 ultimately led to the appearance of blood and the growth of @entity5 cells in parathymic lymph nodes. The kidney capsule-parathymic lymph node complex is proposed as a suitable metastatic model for the isolated in vivo examination of @entity5 development and for the analysis of secondary @entity5 .

title: Lymphatic spread of mesenchymal XXXX to metastatic parathymic lymph nodes in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumorous', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial damage']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumor']


abstract: @entity35 mesenchymal @entity703 cells (NeDe) transplanted under the kidney capsule of F344 @entity35 resulted in @entity3 in the parathymic lymph nodes. @entity5 cells were isolated from these @entity5 -bearing lymph nodes and 106 cells were implanted under the kidney capsule. @entity5 growth after this implantation could be traced within six days. India ink was implanted to prove that there is a connection between the lymphatic vessels of the kidney capsule and the parathymic lymph nodes. The distribution of the radioligand 18FDG in different organs also provided evidence that the parathymic lymph nodes are the primary sites of metastatic @entity5 growth. @entity5 growth was followed after staining sections of biopsies of normal, @entity5 kidneys and parathymic lymph nodes embedded in @entity982 . The progression of @entity5 formation was seen as a frontline between the healthy and @entity5 bearing tissue. This demarcation line was sharp at the beginning of the invasion and at the peripheral regions of the @entity5 , while the central region infiltrated into the healthy kidney tissue. The initial invasion gradually turned to an infiltration resulting in the disruption of the renal tissue, especially at the periphery. Accumulation of lipids and flow of blood to the lymphatic vessels was due to the lack of angiogenesis, leading to an increased pressure of the interstitial fluid. @entity16 ultimately led to the appearance of blood and the growth of @entity5 cells in parathymic lymph nodes. The kidney capsule-parathymic lymph node complex is proposed as a suitable metastatic model for the isolated in vivo examination of @entity5 development and for the analysis of secondary @entity5 .

title: Lymphatic spread of mesenchymal @entity703 to metastatic parathymic lymph nodes in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']