abstract: BACKGROUND: Several cationic polymers exhibit a useful antimicrobial property, however the structure-activity relationship still requires a more complete investigation. The main objective of this work is the comparison between the antimicrobial activity and @entity137 of free and immobilized @entity10069 ( @entity27704 ) in biocompatible @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) nanoparticles (NPs). RESULTS: NPs synthesis by emulsion polymerization is performed over a range of [ @entity27704 ] at two @entity3677 ( @entity15745 ) concentrations. The @entity4625 / @entity27704 dispersions are characterized by dynamic light-scattering for sizing, polydispersity and zeta-potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), plating plus colony forming unities (CFU) counting for determination of the minimal microbicidal concentrations (MMC) against @entity526 , @entity794 and @entity5132 and @entity2142 evaluation against @entity1 erythrocytes. There is a high colloidal stability for the cationic @entity4625 / @entity27704 NPs over a range of [ @entity27704 ]. NPs diverse antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms reduces cell viability by eight-logs ( @entity526 ), seven-logs ( @entity794 ) or two-logs ( @entity5132 ). The NPs completely kill @entity526 over a range of [ @entity27704 ] that are innocuous to the erythrocytes. Free @entity27704 antimicrobial activity is higher than the one observed for @entity27704 in the NPs. There is no @entity27704 induced- @entity2142 at the MMC in contrast to the hemolytic effect of immobilized @entity27704 in the NPs. @entity2142 is higher than 15  % for immobilized @entity27704 at the MMC for @entity794 and @entity5132 . CONCLUSIONS: The mobility of the cationic antimicrobial polymer @entity27704 determines its access to the inner layers of the cell wall and the cell membrane, the major sites of @entity27704 antimicrobial action. @entity27704 freedom does matter for determining the antimicrobial activity at low @entity27704 concentrations and absence of @entity2142 .

title: The antimicrobial activity of free and immobilized @entity10069 in nanoparticles of XXXX .

answer: @entity4625 :: (MESH:D019904,Chemical) :: ['poly (methylmethacrylate)']


abstract: Understanding spinal kinematics is essential for distinguishing between pathological conditions of spine disorders, which ultimately lead to @entity1643 . It is of high importance to understand how changes in mechanical properties affect the response of the lumbar spine, specifically in an effort to differentiate those associated with @entity1797 from ligamentous changes, allowing for more precise treatment strategies. To do this, the goals of this study were twofold: (1) develop and validate a finite element (FE) model of the lumbar spine and (2) systematically alter the properties of the intervertebral disc and ligaments to define respective roles in functional mechanics. A three-dimensional non-linear FE model of the lumbar spine (L3-sacrum) was developed and validated for pure moment bending. @entity1797 and sequential ligament failure were modelled. Intersegmental range of motion (ROM) and bending stiffness were measured. The prediction of the FE model to moment loading in all three planes of bending showed very good agreement, where global and intersegmental ROM and bending stiffness of the model fell within one standard deviation of the in vitro results. Degeneration decreased ROM for all directions. Stiffness increased for all directions except axial rotation, where it initially increased then decreased for moderate and severe @entity528 , respectively. Incremental ligament failure produced increased ROM and decreased stiffness. This effect was much more pronounced for all directions except lateral bending, which is minimally impacted by ligaments. These results indicate that lateral bending may be more apt to detect the subtle changes associated with @entity528 , without being masked by associated changes of surrounding stabilizing structures.

title: Comparative role of XXXX and ligament failure on functional mechanics of the lumbar spine.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['Disc degeneration', 'disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['disc degeneration']


abstract: Several studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including @entity3352 , @entity117 , sulindac, and @entity5230 reduce the risk of @entity694 . Furthermore, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme were shown to inhibit the development of @entity694 in animal models of @entity105 . Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the enzymatic activity of both the constitutive ( @entity9859 ) and inducible ( @entity2247 ) isoforms of COX enzyme. We have investigated the expression of @entity9859 and @entity2247 polypeptides in @entity1 @entity694 tissues using immunohistochemistry. Enhanced @entity2247 expression was observed in @entity694 tissues from 15 subjects with clinically diagnosed @entity14 . Marked @entity2247 expression was observed in @entity5 cells, inflammatory cells, vascular endothelium, and fibroblasts of the lesional tissues compared with the nonlesional and normal colon tissues. The extent and intensity of the immunoreactive @entity2247 in @entity5 cells was much greater than that of the other cell types. In contrast, the expression of @entity9859 polypeptide was weak in both normal and cancerous specimens. These data suggest that the enhanced expression of the @entity2247 gene in @entity694 tissues may contribute to the enhanced synthesis of @entity1421 by the @entity694 tissues. Enhanced expression of @entity2247 may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity694 . Furthermore, selective inhibition of @entity2247 may prove to be more efficacious in the retardation of @entity694 development.

title: Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Several studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including @entity3352 , @entity117 , sulindac, and @entity5230 reduce the risk of @entity694 . Furthermore, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme were shown to inhibit the development of @entity694 in animal models of @entity105 . Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the enzymatic activity of both the constitutive ( @entity9859 ) and inducible ( @entity2247 ) isoforms of COX enzyme. We have investigated the expression of @entity9859 and @entity2247 polypeptides in @entity1 @entity694 tissues using immunohistochemistry. Enhanced @entity2247 expression was observed in @entity694 tissues from 15 subjects with clinically diagnosed @entity14 . Marked @entity2247 expression was observed in @entity5 cells, inflammatory cells, vascular endothelium, and fibroblasts of the lesional tissues compared with the nonlesional and normal colon tissues. The extent and intensity of the immunoreactive @entity2247 in @entity5 cells was much greater than that of the other cell types. In contrast, the expression of @entity9859 polypeptide was weak in both normal and cancerous specimens. These data suggest that the enhanced expression of the @entity2247 gene in @entity694 tissues may contribute to the enhanced synthesis of @entity1421 by the @entity694 tissues. Enhanced expression of @entity2247 may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity694 . Furthermore, selective inhibition of @entity2247 may prove to be more efficacious in the retardation of @entity694 development.

title: Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in XXXX @entity14 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity146 is characterized by a rapid rate of @entity6730 and bone resorption. Regenerative therapy offers reconstruction of the periodontium; however, certain advanced cases with a questionable prognosis might remain a challenge. We report a successful intervention outcome of a challenging case in the aesthetic zone of a @entity1 with aggressive @entity2521 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old systemically healthy Malay @entity1 was referred to the Periodontics Specialist Clinic of the Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, with a chief complaint of @entity548 gums and mobility of the @entity1347 . A diagnosis of localized aggressive @entity2521 was made. A thorough non-surgical periodontal treatment was provided, followed by a series of regenerative periodontal surgeries to manage advanced @entity79 . A successful treatment outcome with a good prognosis was achieved. Maintenance through the supportive treatment phase showed marked @entity79 . CONCLUSIONS: Teeth with severely compromised periodontium of unpredictable prognosis can still be maintained with satisfactory restoration of the function, support, and aesthetics, despite the baseline unpredicted treatment outcome. Proper selection of an advanced periodontal treatment plan can exclude the option of tooth extraction or prosthetic replacement.

title: Reconstruction of advanced bone defect associated with severely compromised @entity1347 in aggressive XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['upper anterior teeth']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects', 'bone gain']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity146 is characterized by a rapid rate of @entity6730 and bone resorption. Regenerative therapy offers reconstruction of the periodontium; however, certain advanced cases with a questionable prognosis might remain a challenge. We report a successful intervention outcome of a challenging case in the aesthetic zone of a @entity1 with aggressive @entity2521 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old systemically healthy Malay @entity1 was referred to the Periodontics Specialist Clinic of the Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, with a chief complaint of @entity548 gums and mobility of the @entity1347 . A diagnosis of localized aggressive @entity2521 was made. A thorough non-surgical periodontal treatment was provided, followed by a series of regenerative periodontal surgeries to manage advanced @entity79 . A successful treatment outcome with a good prognosis was achieved. Maintenance through the supportive treatment phase showed marked @entity79 . CONCLUSIONS: Teeth with severely compromised periodontium of unpredictable prognosis can still be maintained with satisfactory restoration of the function, support, and aesthetics, despite the baseline unpredicted treatment outcome. Proper selection of an advanced periodontal treatment plan can exclude the option of tooth extraction or prosthetic replacement.

title: Reconstruction of advanced bone defect associated with severely compromised XXXX in aggressive @entity2521 : a case report.

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['maxillary anterior teeth']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and safety of 3D laparoscopic and thoracoscopic esophagectomy. METHODS: From October 2013 to March 2014, 154 @entity1 with @entity418 of clinical stage T3N1M0 undergoing 3D or 2D minimally invasive esophagectomy in lateral prone position in our department were enrolled prospectively, and randomly divided into 3D group(78 cases) and 2D group(76 cases). The esophagus was dissociated by 3D or 2D laparoscope and thoracoscope to the entry of thorax. Stomach was dissociated by same telescopes and cut linearly. After tube stomach shaping was completed, esophagogastric anastomosis was performed in the left neck. The operative safety and short-term efficacy were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The entire procedure was technically successful in 154 @entity1 . The average total operative time in 3D group was shorter than that in 2D group [(176.0  27.7) min vs. (203.0  31.5) min, P<0.05]. No significant differences were observed in @entity190 [(124.0  35.8) ml vs. (127.0  25.7) ml], number of harvested lymph node (17.0  8.6 vs. 18.0  3.3), postoperative hospital stay [(11.8  9.3) d vs. (12.6  8.8) d] (all P>0.05), and morbidity of postoperative complication [12.8%(10/78) vs. 14.5%(11/76)]. The median follow-up time was 5.6(3-8) months and 5.2(5-7) months in 3D and 2D groups respectively, and no @entity204 or relapse cases were found during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: 3D laparoscopic and thoracoscopic esophagectomy under lateral prone position is technically feasible and safe for @entity418 , as compared to 2D procedure.

title: [Comparative study of 3D thoracoscopic esophagectomy versus 2D thoracoscopic esophagectomy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: A 28-year-old @entity1 visited our hospital with a complaint of @entity4810 . His development was normal with body size of 169.5 cm in height and muscular type. His beard and axillary and pubic hairs were male type. The penis and scrotum were also normal, but testes were small (8 ml, bilateral). Semen analysis revealed @entity3893 . Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and @entity251 levels are within normal range but follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was moderately elevated. Testicular biopsy specimen showed severely hyalinized seminiferous tubuli, incarceration of basement membrane and hyperplasia of Leydig cells. Johnsen's score count was two. Chromosomal analysis revealed a mosaic type of 45, X/46, X + mar. We tried to confirm the existence of sex-determining region of the Y chromosome ( @entity16438 ) by the DNA analysis. It was shown that @entity16438 on genomic DNA fragment. This marker chromosome may be translocated to a fragment of the short arm of Y chromosome.

title: [A case of XXXX with a chromosomal abnormality of 45, X/46, X + mar].

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['male infertility']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 are at risk for a number of serious health complications including an increased incidence of @entity302 and poorer recovery after @entity385 . Astrocytes play a critical role in protecting neurons by maintaining extracellular homeostasis and preventing @entity2359 through @entity3264 uptake and @entity972 buffering. These functions are aided by the presence of @entity972 channels, such as @entity24248 inwardly rectifying @entity972 channels, in the membranes of astrocytic glial cells. The purpose of the present study was to determine if @entity4854 alters @entity24248 @entity972 channel expression and homeostatic functions of astrocytes. We used q-PCR, Western blot, patch-clamp electrophysiology studying voltage and @entity972 step responses and a colorimetric @entity3264 clearance assay to assess @entity24248 channel levels and homeostatic functions of @entity35 astrocytes grown in normal and high @entity413 conditions. We found that astrocytes grown in high @entity413 (25mM) had an approximately 50% reduction in @entity24248 mRNA and protein expression as compared with those grown in normal @entity413 (5mM). These reductions occurred within 4-7days of exposure to @entity4854 , whereas reversal occurred between 7 and 14days after return to normal @entity413 . The decrease in functional Kir channels in the astrocytic membrane was confirmed using barium to block Kir channels. In the presence of 100- M barium, the currents recorded from astrocytes in response to voltage steps were reduced by 45%. Furthermore, inward currents induced by stepping extracellular [ @entity3529 ]o from 3 to 10mM (reflecting @entity972 uptake) were 50% reduced in astrocytes grown in high @entity413 . In addition, @entity3264 clearance by astrocytes grown in high @entity413 was significantly impaired. Taken together, our results suggest that down-regulation of astrocytic @entity24248 channels by elevated @entity413 may contribute to the underlying pathophysiology of @entity6 and contribute to the poor prognosis after @entity64 .

title: @entity4854 reduces functional expression of astrocytic @entity24248 channels and glial XXXX uptake.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetics', 'diabetes-induced CNS disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 are at risk for a number of serious health complications including an increased incidence of @entity302 and poorer recovery after @entity385 . Astrocytes play a critical role in protecting neurons by maintaining extracellular homeostasis and preventing @entity2359 through @entity3264 uptake and @entity972 buffering. These functions are aided by the presence of @entity972 channels, such as @entity24248 inwardly rectifying @entity972 channels, in the membranes of astrocytic glial cells. The purpose of the present study was to determine if @entity4854 alters @entity24248 @entity972 channel expression and homeostatic functions of astrocytes. We used q-PCR, Western blot, patch-clamp electrophysiology studying voltage and @entity972 step responses and a colorimetric @entity3264 clearance assay to assess @entity24248 channel levels and homeostatic functions of @entity35 astrocytes grown in normal and high @entity413 conditions. We found that astrocytes grown in high @entity413 (25mM) had an approximately 50% reduction in @entity24248 mRNA and protein expression as compared with those grown in normal @entity413 (5mM). These reductions occurred within 4-7days of exposure to @entity4854 , whereas reversal occurred between 7 and 14days after return to normal @entity413 . The decrease in functional Kir channels in the astrocytic membrane was confirmed using barium to block Kir channels. In the presence of 100- M barium, the currents recorded from astrocytes in response to voltage steps were reduced by 45%. Furthermore, inward currents induced by stepping extracellular [ @entity3529 ]o from 3 to 10mM (reflecting @entity972 uptake) were 50% reduced in astrocytes grown in high @entity413 . In addition, @entity3264 clearance by astrocytes grown in high @entity413 was significantly impaired. Taken together, our results suggest that down-regulation of astrocytic @entity24248 channels by elevated @entity413 may contribute to the underlying pathophysiology of @entity6 and contribute to the poor prognosis after @entity64 .

title: XXXX reduces functional expression of astrocytic @entity24248 channels and glial @entity3264 uptake.

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 are at risk for a number of serious health complications including an increased incidence of @entity302 and poorer recovery after @entity385 . Astrocytes play a critical role in protecting neurons by maintaining extracellular homeostasis and preventing @entity2359 through @entity3264 uptake and @entity972 buffering. These functions are aided by the presence of @entity972 channels, such as @entity24248 inwardly rectifying @entity972 channels, in the membranes of astrocytic glial cells. The purpose of the present study was to determine if @entity4854 alters @entity24248 @entity972 channel expression and homeostatic functions of astrocytes. We used q-PCR, Western blot, patch-clamp electrophysiology studying voltage and @entity972 step responses and a colorimetric @entity3264 clearance assay to assess @entity24248 channel levels and homeostatic functions of @entity35 astrocytes grown in normal and high @entity413 conditions. We found that astrocytes grown in high @entity413 (25mM) had an approximately 50% reduction in @entity24248 mRNA and protein expression as compared with those grown in normal @entity413 (5mM). These reductions occurred within 4-7days of exposure to @entity4854 , whereas reversal occurred between 7 and 14days after return to normal @entity413 . The decrease in functional Kir channels in the astrocytic membrane was confirmed using barium to block Kir channels. In the presence of 100- M barium, the currents recorded from astrocytes in response to voltage steps were reduced by 45%. Furthermore, inward currents induced by stepping extracellular [ @entity3529 ]o from 3 to 10mM (reflecting @entity972 uptake) were 50% reduced in astrocytes grown in high @entity413 . In addition, @entity3264 clearance by astrocytes grown in high @entity413 was significantly impaired. Taken together, our results suggest that down-regulation of astrocytic @entity24248 channels by elevated @entity413 may contribute to the underlying pathophysiology of @entity6 and contribute to the poor prognosis after @entity64 .

title: @entity4854 reduces functional expression of astrocytic XXXX channels and glial @entity3264 uptake.

answer: @entity24248 :: (29718(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Kir4.1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: De novo donor-specific antibodies (dDSA) relevance in simultaneous @entity8 (SPK) transplantation has been scarcely investigated. We analyzed dDSA relationship with grafts outcomes in a long-term follow-up SPK-transplanted cohort. In 150 @entity1 that received SPK transplant between 2000 and 2013, post-transplant anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies were screened and identified using Luminex-based assays in sera collected at 3, 6, and 12 months, then yearly. dDSA were detected in 22 (14.7%) @entity1 at a median 3.1 years after transplant. Pretransplant anti-HLA sensitization (OR = 4.64), full HLA-DR mismatch (OR = 4.38), and previous acute cellular rejection (OR = 9.45) were significant risk factors for dDSA. dDSA were significantly associated with kidney (in association with acute rejection) and @entity177 . In dDSA+ @entity1 , those with at least one graft failure presented more frequently dDSA against class II or I + II (P = 0.011) and locusDQ (P = 0.043) and had a higher median dDSA number (P = 0.014) and strength (P = 0.030). Median time between dDSA emergence and @entity177 was 5 and 12 months, respectively. Emergence of dDSA increased the risk of grafts failure in SPK-transplanted @entity1 . Full HLA-DR mismatch was associated with dDSA emergence. dDSA characteristics might help identify @entity1 at a higher risk of graft failure.

title: Impact of de novo donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies on grafts outcomes in simultaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-kidney']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas and kidney graft failure', 'pancreas graft failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['pancreas-kidney transplantation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Musca domestica L., 1758 is capable of transferring a number of pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites to animals and @entity1 . The objective of this study was to isolate and identify medically important filamentous fungi and @entity375 from adult @entity14085 collected from two wards of three hospital environments in Ahvaz city, Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran. The common house flies were caught by a sterile net. These insects were washed in a solution of 1% @entity8830 for 3   min and twice in sterile distilled water for 1   min. The flies were individually crushed with sterile swabs in sterile test tubes. Then 2   ml of sterile normal saline (0.85%) was added to each tube, and the tube was centrifuged for 5   min. The supernatant was then discarded, and the remaining sediment was inoculated with a sterile swab in the Sabouraud's dextrose agar medium containing @entity2755 . Isolation and identification of fungi were made by standard mycological methods. In this research, totally 190   @entity14085 from hospital environments were captured. In total, 28 fungal species were isolated. The main fungi isolated were Aspergillus spp. (67.4%), Penicillium sp. (11.6%), Mucorales sp. (11%), Candida spp. (10.5%), and Rhodotorula sp. (8.4%). Among the house flies caught at the hospitals, about 80% were found to carry one or more medically important species of fungi. This study has established that common house flies carry pathogenic fungi in the hospital environments of Ahvaz. The control of @entity14085 in hospitals is essential in order to control the nosocomial @entity364 in @entity1 .

title: Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Filamentous Fungi and XXXX From Adult House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Captured From the Hospital Environments in Ahvaz City, Southwestern Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8830 :: ('MESH:D012973', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hypochlorite']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Yeasts']


abstract: Adhesion of blood-borne monocytes to the vascular endothelium is the first step in the infiltration of this leukocyte into the vessel wall or the interstitial space during @entity32 . A significant role for the monocyte in both wound healing and atherogenesis is now well accepted. The molecular interactions involved in monocyte attachment to the endothelium are unknown. To study this phenomenon we have developed an in vitro system that uses the @entity1 monocytic @entity5 cell line U937 as a model for the blood-borne monocyte. 51Cr-labeled U937 cells were found to adhere with high affinity to cultured endothelial cells (ECs) from several sources. Much less binding was observed to either smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts from several species. Conditioned medium and cocultivation experiments ruled out the possibility that target cells could affect U937 cell binding by secretion of factors. Binding of U937 cells to porcine aortic ECs reached equilibrium after 30 min at 37 degrees C and 90 min at 4 degrees C with similar extent of binding at the two temperatures. Binding of U937 to the endothelium reached saturation at 9-12 U937 per porcine aortic EC (semi-confluent) with half-maximal binding at 1.5 X 10(6) U937 cells/ml. Bound cells dissociated with a half-life of 20 h at 37 degrees C. Adhesion of U937 cells was blocked by prior incubation of ECs with normal monocytes but not with platelets, lymphocytes, or neutrophils. Trypsin treatment or detergent solubilization of ECs inhibited U937 cell binding. A striking effect of EC density on monocytic cell adhesion was observed with @entity291 , @entity35 , and porcine ECs. Confluent cultures of these cells exhibited negligible binding of U937, but when plated sparsely, the same cells were excellent targets for U937 cell adhesion. In addition, when confluent cultures of @entity291 aortic ECs were "wounded" with a @entity2708 swab and then allowed to recover for 24 h at 37 degrees C, U937 cells were found to adhere most readily to the ECs migrating into the wound and neighboring the wound but not to ECs in the confluent monolayer away from the wound edge. These latter results may have implications for the focal adhesion of monocytes to the vessel wall in vivo.

title: Characterization of the adhesion of the XXXX monocytic cell line U937 to cultured endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 ( @entity10092 ) is a high interest target for PET imaging as it plays a role in several pathologies, including addiction, @entity161 and @entity2100 . METHODS: We studied the pharmacokinetics of @entity73277 , a selective PET radioligand for @entity10092 , and used it to quantify @entity10092 in @entity35 brain. Quantification was performed using both arterial sampling in combination with compartment models as well as simplified reference methods. SRTM, MRTM0, and Logan Non-Invasive were tested as reference models with BPND as outcome parameter. Additionally, test-retest scans were performed in six animals. RESULTS: @entity73277 uptake in @entity35 brain was consistent with its known distribution. No radiometabolites were present in the brain and binding was specific as shown in blocking experiments, which also confirmed the cerebellum as a viable reference region. A two tissue compartment model was used to determine BPND for the striatum (11.7  1.5), nucleus accumbens (10.6  2.0), hippocampus (9.0  1.2), cortex (7.2  1.0) and thalamus (4.0  0.9). Reference methods were able to estimate these values with small bias (<2%). Test-retest analysis showed high repeatability between scans below 6 %, also for shorter scan durations of 30 and 60 min. CONCLUSION: Due to its favorable reversible kinetics, high specificity and absence of brain radiometabolites @entity73277 proves a highly useful tracer for in vivo visualization of the @entity10092 in @entity35 brain. Moreover, reference tissue models allow non-invasive, rapid scanning with good test-retest.

title: Preclinical evaluation and quantification of 18F-FPEB as a radioligand for PET imaging of the metabotropic XXXX receptor 5.

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Thrombolysis has radically changed the prognosis of acute @entity385 . Tenecteplase is a modified form of rt-PA with greater specificity for fibrin and a longer half-life. We report the experience of a Moroccan tertiary hospital in thrombolysis using Tenecteplase. METHODS: We conducted an open prospective study of all @entity1 who were treated with Tenecteplase for an acute @entity385 admitted to our emergency department. Tenecteplase was administered intravenously at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg single bolus. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of @entity1 achieving significant early neurological recovery defined as an improvement of 4 or more points on the NIHSS score at 24h. RESULTS: 13 @entity1 had been treated by intravenous thrombolysis. 31% were @entity1 . Mean age was 63 years old. The mean NIHSS score at admission was 14.3 and 24h after was at 9.1. The right middle cerebral artery was involved in 69% of cases. The carotid @entity731 was predominant 63.3% and the cardio embolic etiology 27%. The mean time to the first medical contact after the onset of symptoms was 3h 30 min. One @entity1 presented a capsulo-lenticular @entity1410 of 5 mm(3) in the same side of the @entity385 . CONCLUSION: Tenecteplase is a more interesting thrombolytic than alteplase, it seems to be more suitable for thrombolysis in our center.

title: Thrombolysis for acute XXXX by tenecteplase in the emergency department of a Moroccan hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: From May 1985 to May 1989, 126 necropsies were performed at the S  o Paulo City Morgue on cadavers of individuals @entity791 victims whose unnatural @entity204 had prompted police investigations. One hundred and nineteen males and 17 females were included. Ages were most commonly in the 20-to-30 year range. Fifty four @entity204 occurred in penal institutions, 29 @entity204 resulted from suicides, 17 @entity204 from manslaughter, 17 @entity204 were considered suspicious, 5 willful murders and 4 others also considered suspicious because corpses were found in advanced stages of putrefaction. Inmates, except one @entity1 who was strangled, died as a consequence of the disease. During all autopsies, special attention was paid to the high rate of extrapulmonary @entity281 . Suicides were committed in different ways and the majority of the victims were documented to be still in the initial stages of the disease. @entity204 and deteriorated corpses were the result of negligence of the subject's families. @entity204 occurred in subjects in the terminal stages of the disease inside the hospital where these subjects were assisted and the @entity465 certainly contributed to aggravate the injuries leading to @entity204 . Attention is drawn to both legal and social issues affecting @entity791 victims. The authors believe these issues may pose a hindrance for efficient control of the @entity791 epidemic.

title: Acquired XXXX in forensic autopsies.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Mycobacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Suspicious deaths', 'Homicidal deaths', 'death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiency syndrome']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized study of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity2649 . OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of clinical and radiologic characteristics and relationship. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The diagnosis of @entity2649 is frequently used and represents a wide variety of @entity1 with more or less well-defined spinal disorders. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 who met inclusion criteria were consecutively selected from a neurology department and examined clinically and radiologically with plain radiography, myelography, and computed tomographic imaging. RESULTS: Duration of complaints was long, and multilevel, bilateral afflictions were common. The dominanting symptoms were @entity13549 , @entity613 , and @entity1643 . The clinical findings were modest. @entity543 in the spinal canal was demonstrated radiologically with signs of compression on nerve roots, centrally and/or laterally. The radiologic findings were more extensive than expected from the clinical symptoms and signs. In most @entity1 the sagittal diameter of the spinal canal increased on flexion and decreased on extension of the spine. An exception was demonstrated in 33 @entity1 where extension increased the diameter, usually at one level. Radiologic subgroups of @entity850 were found, but their clinical relationship could hardly be identified. No definite association between the degree of narrowing and clinical symptoms was found. CONCLUSIONS: A clinical picture is demonstrated in 100 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity2649 . Different types of @entity850 are found radiologically, but their clinical relationships are not identified. The radiologic changes were more extensive than expected from the clinical picture, and the degree of narrowing did not correspond to the degree of clinical affliction.

title: XXXX . Clinical and radiologic features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['Narrowness']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['Lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: Venom, venom IgG and IgM antibody and total serum IgG levels following @entity14891 bites in two reptile handlers were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The @entity1 in case 1 received antivenom while the @entity1 in case 2 did not. Case 1 made a complete recovery following the bite and produced a high titre short-lived antibody. Venom antigen was not detected in the sample taken 11 hr after antivenom. Case 2 had experienced two recent minor @entity14891 bites and had received traditional immunization 4 weeks before the accident reported here. He had developed only local swelling and suffered no @entity16 . Venom antigen measured at 1.45 hr after the bite was 132 ng/ml; this rapidly fell to 45 ng/ml over the next 30 min, and was no longer detectable 14 hr after the bite. The pattern of venom IgG and IgM antibody responses in both cases was comparable, except that in case 2 the venom IgG peak was maintained for 13 days, compared with 1 day in case 1; in case 2 it subsequently fell to low levels 8 weeks after the bite. Venom IgM appeared 1 day after the bite, peaked at day 7-9, rapidly tailed off on day 12-16 and was then undetectable from day 20 onwards in both. Total IgG level remained within normal limits in both. It is possible that previous bites and recent immunization contributed to the boosting of the venom IgG response in case 2.

title: XXXX ( @entity14891 ) bites in Myanmar: venom antigen levels and development of venom antibodies.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

answer: @entity14891 :: (8665,Species) :: ['King cobra']


abstract: Venom, venom IgG and IgM antibody and total serum IgG levels following @entity14891 bites in two reptile handlers were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The @entity1 in case 1 received antivenom while the @entity1 in case 2 did not. Case 1 made a complete recovery following the bite and produced a high titre short-lived antibody. Venom antigen was not detected in the sample taken 11 hr after antivenom. Case 2 had experienced two recent minor @entity14891 bites and had received traditional immunization 4 weeks before the accident reported here. He had developed only local swelling and suffered no @entity16 . Venom antigen measured at 1.45 hr after the bite was 132 ng/ml; this rapidly fell to 45 ng/ml over the next 30 min, and was no longer detectable 14 hr after the bite. The pattern of venom IgG and IgM antibody responses in both cases was comparable, except that in case 2 the venom IgG peak was maintained for 13 days, compared with 1 day in case 1; in case 2 it subsequently fell to low levels 8 weeks after the bite. Venom IgM appeared 1 day after the bite, peaked at day 7-9, rapidly tailed off on day 12-16 and was then undetectable from day 20 onwards in both. Total IgG level remained within normal limits in both. It is possible that previous bites and recent immunization contributed to the boosting of the venom IgG response in case 2.

title: @entity14891 ( XXXX ) bites in Myanmar: venom antigen levels and development of venom antibodies.

answer: @entity14891 :: (8665,Species) :: ['Ophiophagus hannah']


abstract: The relationship of the numbers of amastigotes in the liver to the duration of @entity281 with two lines of a Khartoum strain of @entity3911 [designated the parent (P) line and the @entity17004 ( @entity17004 ) resistant (MAR) line] and the effect of @entity1559 antimoniate on these two lines of @entity3911 were studied in the squirrel monkey. All experimental monkeys were inoculated via the saphenous vein with 32.5 X 10(6) amastigotes (per kg body weight), obtained from heavily-infected hamster spleens. Subsequently in Experiment I, liver biopsy samples were taken chronologically from all monkeys. Imprints of liver were made on glass slides and stained with Giemsa's staining solution, and parasite density per gram of liver tissue was determined. The parasites reached a maximum density of 6.2 X 10(6) amastigotes per gram between two to four weeks and 9.4 X 10(7) amastigotes per gram between four to six weeks in the monkeys receiving the P line and the MAR line, respectively. Parasite numbers then decreased, and all the livers and spleens of all monkeys became microscopically negative for @entity3911 eight to 13 weeks post- @entity281 . Comparison of the multiplication of the two lines of @entity3911 indicated that the MAR line persisted longer in the livers than did the P line. A slight decrease in body weight was observed at eight weeks post- @entity281 . Packed cell volume and haemoglobin were low at four to eight weeks post- @entity281 , but were within the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis ( XXXX ) in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).

entities_list: @entity3911 :: ('5661', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania donovani', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1559 :: ('MESH:D008536', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine']

entities_list: @entity17004 :: ('MESH:C005278', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine antimoniate', 'Glucantime']

answer: @entity3911 :: (5661,Species) :: ['Leishmania donovani']


abstract: Response to and survival after hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (HILP) with melphalan in @entity1 with @entity320 at the Royal Brisbane Hospital were reviewed in order to assess the major determinants of response to treatment. Data were collected by clinical chart review and direct @entity1 contact. Response was assessed by clinical observation and measurement of nodules. Survival was calculated from the date of perfusion to the date of @entity1 @entity204 . Since 1965 there have been 85 @entity1 (38 @entity1 , 47 @entity1 ) who have undergone 109 limb (102 leg, 7 arm) perfusions. The mean age was 58 years (range 32-82 years). The number of @entity1 per disease stage (M.D. Anderson classification) was as follows: stage I, 5 @entity1 ; stage II, 8 @entity1 ; stage IIIa, 41 @entity1 ; stage IIIab, 25 @entity1 ; and stage IIIb, 8 @entity1 . The mean duration of perfusion was 81 minutes. Melphalan was given in divided doses, with a mean total dose 1.39 mg/kg. The mean maximal limb temperature was 41.5 degrees @entity9855 complications occurred during 20 perfusions (18%). There was one postoperative @entity204 from @entity583 , and one @entity1 required amputation. Median @entity1 follow-up was 2.65 years (range 1-27 years). A complete response was noted in 34 @entity1 (40%), a partial response in 36 @entity1 (42%), and no response in 11 @entity1 (13%). Response could not be assessed in four @entity1 . The actuarial 5-year survival for the whole group was 45%: stage I, 80%; stage II, 75%; stage IIIa, 44%; stage IIIab, 23%; stage IIIb, 56%. The two significant determinants of response to perfusion were disease stage (p = 0.00005) and nodal status (p = 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion for XXXX : response and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: Current clinical trials in disseminated @entity263 mostly use M0 or M1 to identify two prognostically different groups of @entity1 . Soloway et al. [Cancer 1988;61:195-202] have shown a significant difference in survival depending on the extent of disease (EOD) on bone scan in M1 disease. Seventy-three @entity263 @entity1 with bone-scan-proven metastases (T0-4 Nx M1 G1-3) from the Aust-Agder County in Norway with observation time 2-9 years were followed. The impact of T stage, grade, serum acid phosphatase status and EOD on survival was analyzed. EOD was assessed according to Soloway et al. No statistically significant difference could be demonstrated according to T stage or histological grade. A statistically significant difference in survival could be demonstrated both for normal versus elevated serum acid phosphatase and for EOD. EOD I/II had a better prognosis than EOD III/IV. Stratification of @entity1 in EOD categories seems relevant, but the relative importance of the different EOD categories is not yet established.

title: Prognostic factors in disseminated XXXX , with special emphasis on extent of disease.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: Tat is an essential regulatory protein for the replication of @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV). Mutations in the tat gene have been shown to block @entity645 replication in @entity1 T cells. Several studies have established that Tat releases an elongation block to the transcription of @entity645 long terminal repeat (LTR); however, it is not known whether this mechanism alone is sufficient to explain the block to @entity645 replication in @entity1 T cells when Tat is absent. It is possible that Tat is also needed for other functions during @entity645 replication. To test these hypotheses, we studied several tat mutants, including two stop codon mutants and one deletion mutant using replication-competent @entity2858 constructs carrying wild-type or mutant LTRs with modifications in the NF-kappa B and/or Sp1 binding sites. In this study, we show that Tat- @entity2858 with wild-type LTRs can replicate in HeLa cells, and the virus produced from HeLa cells can infect primary peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages. It was found that the propagation of the Tat mutants containing wild-type LTRs was less efficient than that of the LTR-modified Tat mutants. Large amounts of viral RNA and particles were synthesized in infections established using the tat mutants that contain modified LTRs. However, this efficient propagation of the LTR-modified tat mutants was restricted to some lymphoid cell lines that have been transformed with other viruses. Thus, despite its essential role for releasing an elongation block, Tat is not otherwise absolutely required for synthesis of full-length @entity645 transcripts and assembly of virus particles. Direct sequencing of the viral genomes and reinfection kinetics showed no evidence of wild-type reversion even after prolonged infection with the Tat- virus. The implications for in vivo @entity2858 replication and potential application of this system to the study of alternative Tat function are discussed.

title: Infection and replication of Tat- @entity1 XXXX viruses: genetic analyses of LTR and tat mutations in primary and long-term @entity1 lymphoid cells.

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiency']


abstract: Tat is an essential regulatory protein for the replication of @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV). Mutations in the tat gene have been shown to block @entity645 replication in @entity1 T cells. Several studies have established that Tat releases an elongation block to the transcription of @entity645 long terminal repeat (LTR); however, it is not known whether this mechanism alone is sufficient to explain the block to @entity645 replication in @entity1 T cells when Tat is absent. It is possible that Tat is also needed for other functions during @entity645 replication. To test these hypotheses, we studied several tat mutants, including two stop codon mutants and one deletion mutant using replication-competent @entity2858 constructs carrying wild-type or mutant LTRs with modifications in the NF-kappa B and/or Sp1 binding sites. In this study, we show that Tat- @entity2858 with wild-type LTRs can replicate in HeLa cells, and the virus produced from HeLa cells can infect primary peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages. It was found that the propagation of the Tat mutants containing wild-type LTRs was less efficient than that of the LTR-modified Tat mutants. Large amounts of viral RNA and particles were synthesized in infections established using the tat mutants that contain modified LTRs. However, this efficient propagation of the LTR-modified tat mutants was restricted to some lymphoid cell lines that have been transformed with other viruses. Thus, despite its essential role for releasing an elongation block, Tat is not otherwise absolutely required for synthesis of full-length @entity645 transcripts and assembly of virus particles. Direct sequencing of the viral genomes and reinfection kinetics showed no evidence of wild-type reversion even after prolonged infection with the Tat- virus. The implications for in vivo @entity2858 replication and potential application of this system to the study of alternative Tat function are discussed.

title: Infection and replication of Tat- XXXX @entity465 viruses: genetic analyses of LTR and tat mutations in primary and long-term @entity1 lymphoid cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Tat is an essential regulatory protein for the replication of @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV). Mutations in the tat gene have been shown to block @entity645 replication in @entity1 T cells. Several studies have established that Tat releases an elongation block to the transcription of @entity645 long terminal repeat (LTR); however, it is not known whether this mechanism alone is sufficient to explain the block to @entity645 replication in @entity1 T cells when Tat is absent. It is possible that Tat is also needed for other functions during @entity645 replication. To test these hypotheses, we studied several tat mutants, including two stop codon mutants and one deletion mutant using replication-competent @entity2858 constructs carrying wild-type or mutant LTRs with modifications in the NF-kappa B and/or Sp1 binding sites. In this study, we show that Tat- @entity2858 with wild-type LTRs can replicate in HeLa cells, and the virus produced from HeLa cells can infect primary peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages. It was found that the propagation of the Tat mutants containing wild-type LTRs was less efficient than that of the LTR-modified Tat mutants. Large amounts of viral RNA and particles were synthesized in infections established using the tat mutants that contain modified LTRs. However, this efficient propagation of the LTR-modified tat mutants was restricted to some lymphoid cell lines that have been transformed with other viruses. Thus, despite its essential role for releasing an elongation block, Tat is not otherwise absolutely required for synthesis of full-length @entity645 transcripts and assembly of virus particles. Direct sequencing of the viral genomes and reinfection kinetics showed no evidence of wild-type reversion even after prolonged infection with the Tat- virus. The implications for in vivo @entity2858 replication and potential application of this system to the study of alternative Tat function are discussed.

title: Infection and replication of Tat- @entity1 @entity465 viruses: genetic analyses of LTR and tat mutations in primary and long-term XXXX lymphoid cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This paper tries to evaluate the importance of @entity3027 induced @entity1374 . Based on our own experience and reported data we present the results obtained in a total of 588 @entity1 , in whom thyroid function and thyroid antibody occurrence was monitored during therapy with @entity3027 : About 10% of these @entity1 developed @entity1374 during @entity3027 treatment. Half of them reacted with @entity1375 , 3% with @entity1378 and in 2% a biphasic ( @entity1378 followed by @entity1375 ) pattern of reaction was observed. The frequency of these @entity1374 was increased in female @entity1 and in @entity1 with preexisting thyroid antibodies. The risk to develop @entity1374 is reduced to 7% in @entity1 with no pretherapeutic thyroid antibodies. The evolution of the thyroid ailment is variable and therefore unpredictable. In many @entity1 there is no need to stop treatment with @entity3027 nor to treat the @entity1374 specifically. @entity3027 induced @entity792 seem to be etiologically important for the development of @entity1374 during @entity3027 . The reported data allow in our view some basic recommendations for the clinician: thyroid function and thyroid antibodies should be evaluated before the start of treatment with @entity3027 . During therapy with @entity3027 these parameters should be regularly (eg every 4 months) monitored. In @entity1 with @entity1374 already before @entity3027 the control intervals should not be longer than every two months.

title: [Interferon-alpha-induced XXXX . A retrospective analysis of the literature and personal experiences].

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune- phenomena']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid dysfunction', 'thyroid dysfunctions', 'thyroid autoantibodies or dysfunction']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['disorders of thyroid function']


abstract: PURPOSE: Grasp recovery after @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ) requires learning "tenodesis grasp" whereby active wrist extension elicits passive thumb-to-forefinger and finger-to-palm flexion. Evidence that @entity1957 ( @entity1957 ) promotes @entity3140 after @entity1688 is growing, but whether @entity1957 potentiates grasp recovery in C6-C7- @entity2483 individuals who have successfully learned the "tenodesis grasp" remains unknown. METHODS: Six chronic stable C6-C7- @entity2483 inpatients and six healthy control @entity1 were included. C6-C7- @entity2483 @entity1 imagined grasping movements and controls visualized geometric forms for 45 minutes, three times a week for five weeks. Three separate measures taken over a five week period before the intervention formed the baseline. Intervention effects were assessed immediately after the intervention and eight weeks later. Each testing session consisted of kinematic recordings during reach-to-grasp and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings during wrist extension. RESULTS: During baseline, kinematic wrist extension angle during "tenodesis grasp" and MEG contralateral sensorimotor cortex (cSMC) activity during wrist extension were stable. Moreover, @entity2483 @entity1 exhibited a greater number of voxels within cSMC than controls. After @entity1957 sessions, wrist extension angle increased during "tenodesis grasp" and the number of voxels within cSMC during wrist extension decreased and became similar to controls. CONCLUSION: These findings provide further support for the use of @entity1957 to reinforce a compensatory grasping movement (tenodesis) and induce brain plasticity.

title: Improvement of grasping after XXXX in C6-C7 @entity1688 : A kinematic and MEG pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb function']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'motor imagery']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['SCI', 'C6-C7-spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1957 :: (MESH:D019957,Disease) :: ['motor imagery']


abstract: PURPOSE: Grasp recovery after @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ) requires learning "tenodesis grasp" whereby active wrist extension elicits passive thumb-to-forefinger and finger-to-palm flexion. Evidence that @entity1957 ( @entity1957 ) promotes @entity3140 after @entity1688 is growing, but whether @entity1957 potentiates grasp recovery in C6-C7- @entity2483 individuals who have successfully learned the "tenodesis grasp" remains unknown. METHODS: Six chronic stable C6-C7- @entity2483 inpatients and six healthy control @entity1 were included. C6-C7- @entity2483 @entity1 imagined grasping movements and controls visualized geometric forms for 45 minutes, three times a week for five weeks. Three separate measures taken over a five week period before the intervention formed the baseline. Intervention effects were assessed immediately after the intervention and eight weeks later. Each testing session consisted of kinematic recordings during reach-to-grasp and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings during wrist extension. RESULTS: During baseline, kinematic wrist extension angle during "tenodesis grasp" and MEG contralateral sensorimotor cortex (cSMC) activity during wrist extension were stable. Moreover, @entity2483 @entity1 exhibited a greater number of voxels within cSMC than controls. After @entity1957 sessions, wrist extension angle increased during "tenodesis grasp" and the number of voxels within cSMC during wrist extension decreased and became similar to controls. CONCLUSION: These findings provide further support for the use of @entity1957 to reinforce a compensatory grasping movement (tenodesis) and induce brain plasticity.

title: Improvement of grasping after @entity1957 in C6-C7 XXXX : A kinematic and MEG pilot study.

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['tetraplegia']


abstract: @entity3932 ( @entity3932 ) is a @entity4848 characterized by cutaneous @entity2695 , @entity2695 associated with @entity410 and other @entity16 including @entity1032 , and @entity726 . Only limited information about long-term outcome, including the societal integration of adult @entity1 , is available in the literature. Data on 52 adults with @entity3932 , ages 18-63 years, ascertained through the Sturge-Weber Foundation, were obtained via written questionnaires, telephone interviews, and reviews of medical records. The distribution of @entity3809 (cranial 98%, extracranial 52%) and the prevalences of @entity726 (60%), @entity410 (83%), @entity51 (65%), and other complications were established. The age of onset of @entity726 (0-41 years), the age of onset of @entity410 (0-23 years), and the correlation between the distribution of @entity3809 and the prevalence of @entity410 was identified. The relationship between the age of onset of @entity410 and @entity410 control was established. In those with and without @entity410 , the prevalences of @entity245 (43% vs. 0%), emotional and @entity146 (85% vs. 58%), special education requirements (71% vs. 0%), and employability (46% vs. 78%) were analyzed. Overall, 39% were financially self-sufficient, and 55% were or could be married. Ten @entity1 produced 20 liveborn offspring; 17 were healthy, and @entity2916 , a caf  -au-lait spot, and a "birthmark" were found in 1 @entity1 each. The results of this study can be used for genetic counseling in @entity3932 .

title: Outcome of XXXX in 52 adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal angioma', 'facial angioma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior problems']

entities_list: @entity3932 :: ('MESH:D013341', 'Disease') :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome', 'SWS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity4848 :: ('MESH:D020752', 'Disease') :: ['neurocutaneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['port-wine stains']

answer: @entity3932 :: (MESH:D013341,Disease) :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are confusing data in literature regarding oral and sublingual @entity20805 effects over blood pressure (BP) decrease. OBJECTIVES: In our study we compared oral and sublingual @entity20805 effectiveness over BP decrease in @entity1 admitted to our Emergency Department with @entity101 urgency. METHODS: Our study was conducted from January 2012 to January 2013 in @entity1 with @entity101 urgency. In this cross-sectional study after two initial BP measurements, @entity1 were identified as eligible for the study. An initial electrocardiogram was obtained and blood samples were drawn. A total of 212 @entity1 were accepted as eligible for the study, and 25  mg of @entity20805 was randomly given orally or sublingually; BP was measured at 10, 30, and 60  min. We selected the @entity1 to the groups consecutively. A 25% reduction of initial @entity23380  h after initiation of the treatment was accepted as an accomplishment. A second 25  mg of @entity20805 was given if the target of 25% reduction of BP was not reached after the first tablet. Intravenous drugs were administered to the @entity1 resistant to the @entity20805 and these @entity1 were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The 10-min systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP, and @entity551 ( @entity551 ) decrease was more prominent in the sublingual @entity20805 group (p  <  0.001). This decrease was statistically significant in the SBP and @entity551 at 30  min (p  <  0.001), and no statistical difference was recorded at 60  min (p  >  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, sublingual @entity20805 was found to decrease BP more efficiently in the first 30  min, but this difference equalized at 60  min.

title: Sublingual vs. Oral XXXX in @entity101 Crisis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity20805 :: (D002216,Chemical) :: ['Captopril']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are confusing data in literature regarding oral and sublingual @entity20805 effects over blood pressure (BP) decrease. OBJECTIVES: In our study we compared oral and sublingual @entity20805 effectiveness over BP decrease in @entity1 admitted to our Emergency Department with @entity101 urgency. METHODS: Our study was conducted from January 2012 to January 2013 in @entity1 with @entity101 urgency. In this cross-sectional study after two initial BP measurements, @entity1 were identified as eligible for the study. An initial electrocardiogram was obtained and blood samples were drawn. A total of 212 @entity1 were accepted as eligible for the study, and 25  mg of @entity20805 was randomly given orally or sublingually; BP was measured at 10, 30, and 60  min. We selected the @entity1 to the groups consecutively. A 25% reduction of initial @entity23380  h after initiation of the treatment was accepted as an accomplishment. A second 25  mg of @entity20805 was given if the target of 25% reduction of BP was not reached after the first tablet. Intravenous drugs were administered to the @entity1 resistant to the @entity20805 and these @entity1 were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The 10-min systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP, and @entity551 ( @entity551 ) decrease was more prominent in the sublingual @entity20805 group (p  <  0.001). This decrease was statistically significant in the SBP and @entity551 at 30  min (p  <  0.001), and no statistical difference was recorded at 60  min (p  >  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, sublingual @entity20805 was found to decrease BP more efficiently in the first 30  min, but this difference equalized at 60  min.

title: Sublingual vs. Oral @entity20805 in XXXX Crisis.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Late @entity3036 is defined as occurrence of @entity3036 >48  h after delivery and is a rare clinical entity. The delayed onset and nonspecific symptoms at presentation make this entity a challenge to diagnose in @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ); however, early recognition and timely interventions are the keys to reducing morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with late @entity3036 . CASE REPORT: A 28-year-old @entity1 presented to our @entity341 with a chief complaint of @entity10 of 4  days duration, 8  days after an uncomplicated, normal vaginal delivery. Her past medical history was unremarkable and her entire pregnancy was without medical incident. The @entity1 's examination was within normal limits other than a blood pressure of 152/111  mm Hg and pulse of 54 beats/min. Given her undifferentiated @entity10 and the possibility of @entity1468 , the @entity1 was treated with @entity2399 , which was subsequently stopped due to worsening @entity1168 . @entity2514 was administered for blood pressure control. Three hours after the @entity1760 was stopped, the @entity1 reported @entity227 , which was immediately followed by a generalized @entity410 . After the @entity410 , @entity2934 was given for control of @entity410 , and the @entity1 was admitted to the medical intensive care unit. The @entity1 was transferred to the postpartum floor 6  days later in stable condition and without any further @entity410 activity. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: @entity1 with late @entity3036 are infrequently encountered in the @entity341 due to the rarity of this condition. Increased awareness of this entity among emergency physicians will lead to early interventions, which are crucial in decreasing morbidity and mortality in these @entity1 .

title: Late XXXX with Postpartum Angiopathy: An Uncommon Diagnosis in the Emergency Department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurry vision']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizure']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia', 'postpartum eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['Postpartum Eclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition affects the activities of daily living (ADLs) in convalescent @entity1 with @entity1504 . We investigated the relationship between nutritional improvement, energy intake at admission, and recovery of ADLs. METHODS: We evaluated 67 @entity1 with @entity1504 admitted to our rehabilitation hospital between April 2013 and April 2015. These @entity1 received interventions from the rehabilitation nutritional support team according to the following criteria: weight loss of 2   kg or more and body mass index of 19   kg/m(2) or lower. Exclusion criteria included a body mass index of 25   kg/m(2) or higher, duration of intervention of less than 14 days, or transfer to an acute care hospital because of clinical deterioration. We assessed nutritional status using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and ADL using the @entity177 ( @entity177 ) score, @entity177 gain, and @entity177 efficiency. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 78.7        8.0 years. The numbers of @entity1 in each category of @entity1504 were 39 with @entity385 , 16 with @entity1779 , 8 with @entity510 , and 4 others. Compared with the counterpart group, the group with an improvement in GNRI had a greater gain in @entity177 (median 17 and 20, respectively; P   =   .036) and a higher @entity177 efficiency (.14 and .22, respectively; P   =   .020). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that an improvement in GNRI, increasing energy intake at admission, and @entity1779 were associated independently with greater @entity177 efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that nutritional improvement and energy intake at admission are associated with recovery of ADL after @entity1504 .

title: Nutritional Improvement and Energy Intake Are Associated with Functional Recovery in @entity1 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disorder', 'cerebrovascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['Cerebrovascular Disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition affects the activities of daily living (ADLs) in convalescent @entity1 with @entity1504 . We investigated the relationship between nutritional improvement, energy intake at admission, and recovery of ADLs. METHODS: We evaluated 67 @entity1 with @entity1504 admitted to our rehabilitation hospital between April 2013 and April 2015. These @entity1 received interventions from the rehabilitation nutritional support team according to the following criteria: weight loss of 2   kg or more and body mass index of 19   kg/m(2) or lower. Exclusion criteria included a body mass index of 25   kg/m(2) or higher, duration of intervention of less than 14 days, or transfer to an acute care hospital because of clinical deterioration. We assessed nutritional status using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and ADL using the @entity177 ( @entity177 ) score, @entity177 gain, and @entity177 efficiency. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 78.7        8.0 years. The numbers of @entity1 in each category of @entity1504 were 39 with @entity385 , 16 with @entity1779 , 8 with @entity510 , and 4 others. Compared with the counterpart group, the group with an improvement in GNRI had a greater gain in @entity177 (median 17 and 20, respectively; P   =   .036) and a higher @entity177 efficiency (.14 and .22, respectively; P   =   .020). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that an improvement in GNRI, increasing energy intake at admission, and @entity1779 were associated independently with greater @entity177 efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that nutritional improvement and energy intake at admission are associated with recovery of ADL after @entity1504 .

title: Nutritional Improvement and Energy Intake Are Associated with Functional Recovery in XXXX after @entity1504 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Shoulder subluxation after @entity64 has been associated with @entity1118 , @entity532 , @entity1897 , and @entity5433 . Clinical diagnosis and gradation of subluxation is problematic due to the lack of precision in frequently used measures. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of clinical techniques used to assess inferior subluxation of the hemiplegic shoulder by comparing these techniques with radiographic measurement. METHOD: In 20 male subjects with @entity1158 , the presence, type, and degree of subluxation was assessed with three clinical measures: palpation, arm length discrepancy, and thermoplastic jig measurement. Anterior-posterior X rays of the hemiplegic shoulder were taken after clinical examination. RESULTS: Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the X rays and the three clinical measures were relatively low. Palpation had the highest correlation (rs = .76), followed by arm length discrepancy (rs = .46), and thermoplastic jig measurement (rs = .42). CONCLUSION: These findings provide cautious optimism about using these clinical measures to identify subluxation. Although detection was best with palpation, the likely inability to determine clinical overcorrecting of subluxation makes use of palpation alone suspect. Improved techniques of arm length measurement may provide a solution to this problem. These findings further necessitate that improved procedures for clinical assessment of subluxation be developed.

title: Validity of clinical measures of shoulder subluxation in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['orthopedic complications']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1158 :: (MESH:D006429,Disease) :: ['poststroke hemiplegia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: With the introduction of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) and image-guided plan-of-the-day strategies, the treatment of @entity5 has become more sensitive to intra-fraction uncertainties. In this study we quantified intra-fraction changes in cervix-uterus shape, bladder and rectum filling, and @entity1 setup using pre- and post-fraction CBCT scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 632 CBCT scans were analyzed for 16 @entity1 with large tip-of-uterus displacement (>2.5cm) measured in an empty and full bladder CT scan. In all scans, the bladder, cervix-uterus, and rectum were delineated. For rectum and bladder, intra-fraction volume changes were assessed. Systematic cervix-uterus intra-fraction displacements were obtained by non-rigidly aligning the pre-fraction cervix-uterus to that in the post-fraction CBCT. Intra-fraction @entity1 setup changes were obtained by rigidly aligning pre- and post-CBCTs using the bony anatomy. RESULTS: The mean time between pre- and post-fraction CBCT scan was 20.8min. The group-mean intra-fraction displacements averaged over the cervix-uterus were 0.1  1.4/1.8  1.5/-2.8  1.8 (LR/CC/AP) mm. The group-mean 5th and 95th percentile intra-fraction displacements were -2.3,2.1/-0.8,4.9/-5.8,0.5 (LR/CC/AP) mm. There was a significant correlation between bladder inflow rate and cervix-uterus motion (r=0.6 and p<0.01). Intra-fraction changes in @entity1 setup were 1.3/0.4/0.6 and 1.4/1.0/1.1mm (LR/CC/AP), for systematic and random changes, respectively. CONCLUSION: Intra-fraction cervix-uterus motion can be considerable and should be taken into account using appropriate @entity343 margins.

title: Quantification of intra-fraction changes during radiotherapy of XXXX assessed with pre- and post-fraction Cone Beam CT scans.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Restricted T-cell receptor V beta gene use in animal models of @entity792 has led to the development of strategies to treat @entity792 by targeting the T-cell receptors of the pathogenic T-cells. Restricted T-cell receptor gene use has been noted in @entity1 @entity792 such as @entity309 and @entity15 . We report here the finding of restricted T-cell receptor gene use in @entity1569 , as well. Our results show an elevated skin (over PBL) expression of V beta 3 and/or V beta 13.1 messages in the @entity405 + T-cells in a majority of @entity1 studied. @entity2612 sequence analysis on these two V beta s from the skin demonstrated monoclonality or marked oligoclonality. A second biopsy performed 3.5 to 8 months later in four @entity1 , at the same or different lesions, again revealed an elevated V beta 3 and/or V beta 13.1 expression and clonality. Moreover, in three of the four @entity1 , the same TcR V beta @entity2612 rearrangement was found in both biopsies, although there was no V beta @entity2612 homology noted between @entity1 . In two @entity1 in which V beta 3 and/or V beta 13.1 was not elevated in the @entity405 + T-cell population, an increase in V beta 17 gene use and clonality was found. The persistence of V beta 3- and/or V beta 13.1-bearing @entity405 + T-cells in lesions that did not undergo resolution suggests their role as effector cells rather than as regulatory cells. The effector function of these @entity405 + T-cells is further supported by the clonality of TcR V beta sequence data, which indicates they are recruited and expanded in situ. The V beta s identified in this study are candidate targets for selective immunotherapeutic intervention in @entity1569 .

title: XXXX + T-cells in psoriatic lesions preferentially use T-cell receptors V beta 3 and/or V beta 13.1 genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'psoriasis vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity85 ( @entity85 ) are a common reason for health problems and sick leave in many professions. A work arena where @entity85 have not been sufficiently studied is stable work. Here many heavy and repetitive work tasks are performed manually with old-fashioned working tools. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to use an analytical approach to identify, evaluate and grade ergonomic problems in physical work performed during daily activities in @entity1641 stables and relate these to @entity85 among the workers and to the design of the tools. METHODS: Three common work tasks were studied to identify, evaluate and grade ergonomic problems; mucking out, sweeping and bedding replacement. Used methods were Hierarchical Task Analysis, Heuristic Evaluation and Rapid Entire Body Assessment. RESULTS: Several high-risk operations were found in mucking out boxes and disposal of bedding material. The problems consisted of awkward working postures such as a twisted and bent back, arms in an elevated position, wrists in extreme joint positions and handling of heavy loads. CONCLUSIONS: By using an analytical approach it is possible to identify presumptive ergonomic problems without extensive empirical research. In most high-risk operations, long-shafted tools or a wheelbarrow were used, which emphasize a need to develop tools with better ergonomic design to improve the working situation. The limitation is that the ergonomics problems found are not finally validated. The results show where deeper empirical research is needed, both regarding how @entity85 occur and how tools and environment contribute to physical problems.

title: An analytical ergonomic risk evaluation of body postures during daily cleaning tasks in XXXX stables.

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal disorders', 'MSDs']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: During a 26 years' period, 547 thromboembolectomies were undertaken for acute limb ischaemia. The portion of @entity3140 was 17.7% (97/547). The annual incidence of surgically treated acute @entity3140 was 1.3 cases/100,000/year during the last 15 years of study period. There were 91 @entity1 , 45 males and 46 females, ranging from 17 to 92 years with a median age of 73 years. Pulselessness (96), @entity5032 (94), @entity158 (85), paraesthesia (45) and dysfunction (45) of the affected limb were the main symptoms. The right upper limb was more often affected (59/38, P < 0.05). An embolus originating from the heart was the reason for the ischaemia in 71 cases, while in 11 cases the occlusion was caused by a local @entity715 . In 15 cases the origin of the embolus remained unsolved. In five cases an additional arterial reconstruction was needed to restore the circulation. Reembolectomy of the same limb was needed in five cases, and additionally in two @entity1 , a third embolectomy was unavoidable. A secondary humeral amputation was necessary for one @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 (11.3%) died within 30 days and of these nine did so from recurrent @entity887 . The mortality was not related to the duration of the ischaemia, but rather to @entity1 ' general condition. During a mean follow-up time of 50 weeks a good functional result was achieved in 78 cases (80.4%). The clinical results in ischaemia caused by @entity887 are markedly better than those of local @entity715 (P < 0.001).

title: Outcome of surgical treatment in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3140 :: (MESH:D038062,Disease) :: ['upper limb ischaemia']


abstract: The routine workflow for @entity3 diagnostics includes biopsy processing by @entity406 fixation and paraffin embedding. It has been shown only recently that this kind of sample can be used for gene expression analysis with microarrays. To support this view, the authors conducted a microarray study using @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) core needle biopsies from @entity0 . Typically, for the 3'-biased chip type that was used, the probe sets interrogate sequences near the poly-A-tail of the transcripts, and this kind of probe turned out to be suitable to measure RNA levels in FFPE biopsies. For ER and @entity1722 , the authors observed strong correlations between RNA levels and protein expression (p = 0.000003 and p = 0.0022). ER and @entity1722 classification of the biopsies by the RNA levels was feasible with high sensitivity and specificity (AUROC = 0.93 and AUROC = 0.96). Furthermore, a signature of 346 genes was identified that correlated with ER and a signature of 528 genes that correlated with @entity1722 protein status. Many of these genes (ER: 63%) could be confirmed by analysis of gene expression data from frozen tissues. The findings support the notion that clinically relevant information can be gained from microarray analyses of FFPE @entity5 biopsies. This opens new opportunities for biomarker detection studies and the integration of microarrays into the workflow of @entity5 diagnostics.

title: Genome-wide gene expression profiling of @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded XXXX core biopsies using microarrays.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The routine workflow for @entity3 diagnostics includes biopsy processing by @entity406 fixation and paraffin embedding. It has been shown only recently that this kind of sample can be used for gene expression analysis with microarrays. To support this view, the authors conducted a microarray study using @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) core needle biopsies from @entity0 . Typically, for the 3'-biased chip type that was used, the probe sets interrogate sequences near the poly-A-tail of the transcripts, and this kind of probe turned out to be suitable to measure RNA levels in FFPE biopsies. For ER and @entity1722 , the authors observed strong correlations between RNA levels and protein expression (p = 0.000003 and p = 0.0022). ER and @entity1722 classification of the biopsies by the RNA levels was feasible with high sensitivity and specificity (AUROC = 0.93 and AUROC = 0.96). Furthermore, a signature of 346 genes was identified that correlated with ER and a signature of 528 genes that correlated with @entity1722 protein status. Many of these genes (ER: 63%) could be confirmed by analysis of gene expression data from frozen tissues. The findings support the notion that clinically relevant information can be gained from microarray analyses of FFPE @entity5 biopsies. This opens new opportunities for biomarker detection studies and the integration of microarrays into the workflow of @entity5 diagnostics.

title: Genome-wide gene expression profiling of XXXX -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity0 core biopsies using microarrays.

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formalin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The left supraclavicular lymph node ( @entity22336 ) may be involved by metastatic @entity5 , including those of abdominal or pelvic origin. Almost all previous studies have been based on examination of surgically sampled tissue or postmortem examination. To our knowledge, there has not been a study for nearly 40 years addressing the metastatic pattern to the left supraclavicular lymph node. Furthermore, there has been no study comparing left with right supraclavicular lymph node @entity3 or the utilization of fine-needle aspiration biopsy to samples these sites. DESIGN: A retrospective review of 152 fine-needle aspiration biopsies of supraclavicular lymph nodes was performed, and the @entity5 were grouped into six diagnostic categories from five primary regions. RESULTS: The @entity1 ranged in age from 2 years to 94 years (average, 55 years) and consisted of 66 males and 83 females. Three @entity1 were biopsied twice. Of the 152 fine-needle aspirations, 87 (57.2%) were of the left supraclavicular lymph node and 65 (42.8%) of the right supraclavicular lymph node. Of the 96 biopsies positive for @entity5 , 58 (60.4%) were biopsies of the left and 38 (39.6%) were of the right supraclavicular lymph nodes. Sixteen of 19 @entity530 and all six primary @entity5 metastasized to the left supraclavicular lymph node. Thorax, breast, and head and neck @entity5 showed no differences in metastatic patterns to the right and left supraclavicular lymph nodes. Ten @entity1 (10.4% of positive nodes) had a diagnosis of @entity1893 , @entity1778 , or @entity978 . Six @entity1 (7.1% of positive nodes) had a @entity3 of unknown primary site, and 19 cases (19.8%) had @entity32 ; seven of the latter cases demonstrated acid-fast bacilli in the aspirated smears. CONCLUSIONS: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is an excellent initial procedure in the workup of an enlarged supraclavicular lymph node. Our study confirmed that @entity5 originating in the pelvis or abdomen were significantly more likely to metastasize to the left supraclavicular lymph node and that the primary site and types of @entity5 that involved the left supraclavicular lymph node were different from those involving the right supraclavicular lymph node.

title: XXXX revisited. Analysis with clinicopathologic correlation of 152 fine-needle aspiration biopsies of supraclavicular lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal malignancies', 'neoplasms', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity22336 :: ('MESH:D011213', 'Disease') :: ["Virchow's node"]

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity22336 :: (MESH:D011213,Disease) :: ['Virchow's node']


abstract: A decreased @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) and plasma volume (PV) have been consistently found in @entity1 after return from spaceflight. @entity35 flown on the Spacelab Life Sciences-1 mission were studied to assess changes in @entity1503 , PV, erythropoiesis, and @entity68 economy. The @entity1503 and PV increased in both ground control and flight animals as expected for growing @entity35 . However on landing day, both the @entity1503 and PV, when normalized for body mass, were significantly decreased in the spaceflight animals. During an 8-d postflight observation period, @entity68 incorporation into circulating red blood cells was diminished in the flight animals. During the first 4 d postflight, increases in reticulocyte counts were significantly smaller in the flight than the control animals. Fewer @entity5301 -responsive progenitor cells were recovered from the bone marrow of flight animals after landing than control rats. Serum @entity5301 ( @entity5301 ) levels were the same in both groups. Thus, @entity35 subjected to a 9-d spaceflight had less increase in @entity1503 than controls and diminished erythropoiesis during an 8-d post-spaceflight observation period. The @entity35 , like @entity1 , appears to require a smaller blood volume in microgravity.

title: Blood volume and erythropoiesis in the XXXX during spaceflight.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['RBCM', 'red blood cell mass']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity49 rates among animals treated with @entity117 , @entity1397 , and @entity6058 @entity8973 using an anastomotic "tuck" model. DESIGN: Single-blind randomized animal study. SETTING: An animal laboratory at a tertiary care academic referral center. SUBJECTS: Forty-two retired Lewis breeder @entity35 divided into 3 equal groups. INTERVENTIONS: Before surgical intervention, 1 group received @entity117 (10 mg/kg) through gavage; 1 group, @entity1397 (5 mg/kg) through gavage; and the final group, @entity3285 (3 mg/kg) through intramuscular injection. Each @entity35 was then anesthetized, and the femoral veins were prepared bilaterally. A 180   venotomy was made, and the vessels were anastomosed with the tuck model set-up for anastomotic failure. The vessels were checked for patency every 15 minutes for 2 hours after clamp removal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The rate of @entity49 and the time to @entity715 . RESULTS: In both the @entity117 and @entity1397 groups, 2 of 28 vessels (7%) were thrombosed. @entity715 occurred in 3 of 28 vessels (11%) in the @entity6058 group (P = .86). All @entity715 in the @entity117 and @entity1397 groups took place at 7.5 minutes after clamp removal. In the @entity6058 group, the mean time to @entity715 was 7.5 minutes (range, 0-22.5 minutes). There was no difference in time to @entity715 among the 3 groups (P = .86). CONCLUSION: Using a microvenous tuck model set-up for anastomotic failure, we found no difference in the rate of @entity715 or the time to @entity715 in @entity35 pretreated with @entity117 , @entity1397 , or @entity6058 .

title: Effects of antithrombogenic agents on microvenous anastomoses in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel bisulfate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity8973 :: ('MESH:D014325', 'Chemical') :: ['tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity3285 :: ('MESH:D020911', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Telomere-led chromosome movements are a conserved feature of meiosis I (MI) prophase. Several roles have been proposed for such chromosome motion, including promoting homolog pairing and removing inappropriate chromosomal interactions. Here, we provide evidence in budding @entity375 that rapid chromosome movements affect homolog pairing and recombination. We found that @entity73278 /\ strains, which are defective for telomere-led chromosome movements, show defects in homolog pairing as measured in a "one-dot/two-dot tetR-GFP" assay; however, pairing in @entity73278 /\ eventually reaches near wild-type (WT) levels. Charged-to- @entity493 scanning mutagenesis of @entity73278 yielded one allele, @entity73278 -3, that confers a @entity73278 /\-like delay in meiotic prophase but promotes high spore viability. The meiotic delay in @entity73278 -3 strains is essential for spore viability because a null mutation ( @entity20088 /\) in the @entity20088 checkpoint protein suppresses the delay but confers a severe spore viability defect. @entity73278 -3 mutants show a general defect in chromosome motion but an intermediate defect in chromosome pairing. Chromosome velocity analysis in live cells showed that while average chromosome velocity was strongly reduced in @entity73278 -3, chromosomes in this mutant displayed occasional rapid movements. Lastly, we observed that @entity374 mutants displaying lower levels of meiosis-induced double-strand breaks showed higher spore viability in the presence of the @entity73278 -3 mutation compared to @entity73278 /\. On the basis of these observations, we propose that during meiotic prophase the presence of occasional fast moving chromosomes over an extended period of time is sufficient to promote WT levels of recombination and high spore viability; however, sustained and rapid chromosome movements are required to prevent a checkpoint response and promote efficient meiotic progression.

title: Sustained and rapid chromosome movements are critical for chromosome pairing and meiotic progression in budding XXXX .

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the frequency and clinical and immunologic characteristics of @entity1 affected by @entity16 ( @entity16 ) and @entity706 . METHODS: @entity1 fulfilling the criteria for @entity16 associated with @entity706 collected from the European Commission-funded @entity16 Euronetwork group database were analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) (24 @entity1 , mean age 51, range 16-84) or @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) (29 @entity1 , mean age 64, range 31-82) and @entity16 were analyzed. The most commonly associated @entity16 was @entity37229 , present in 21 cases, with a higher prevalence in @entity978 (16/24 cases). Peripheral nervous system (mainly demyelinating @entity1971 ) and motor neuron involvement were more common in @entity1893 . Onconeural antibodies were more frequent in @entity1 with @entity37229 , most commonly against the Tr antigen. Fifty percent of the @entity1 with @entity16 and @entity978 responded to chemotherapy, whereas neurologic improvement was less frequent (24%) in @entity1 with @entity16 and @entity1893 . In both groups, the survival rate was good. Overall, 10 out of 53 @entity1 eventually died, with only 2 @entity1 (1 with @entity978 , 1 with @entity1893 ) dying from @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity706 are relatively rare. @entity37229 , mainly associated with anti-Tr antibodies, is more prevalent in @entity978 and @entity1893 , followed in our study by motor @entity528 in @entity1 with @entity1893 . Involvement of the peripheral nervous system is heterogeneous, with a prevalence of @entity8954 in @entity1 with @entity1893 .

title: Spectrum of paraneoplastic disease associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculoneuritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['PNS', 'paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity37229 :: ('MESH:D020362', 'Disease') :: ['Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration', 'paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculopathies']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron disease']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']