abstract: The pharmacological treatment of @entity384 overlaps with the treatment of @entity712 . The primary objective of this treatment is to slow the progression of disease and improve quality and length of life. All @entity1 , including those with asymptomatic dysfunction of the left ventricle, ought to receive angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, (in the case of intolerance, angiotensin receptor blockers), and beta blockers. The results of studies involving aliskiren have been, so far, disappointing. In symptomatic @entity712 NYHA II-IV diuretics and mineralcorticoid receptor antagonists should be added to treatment. @entity6838 is recommended in the event of @entity955 , and otherwise only in the event of NYHA III and IV. @entity15726 is recommended for @entity1 with sinus rhythm and pulse rate of > 70/min. In decompensation of @entity712 , @entity452 , phosphodiesterase inhibitors or @entity6759 are administered over the short-term. Of the recent treatment options, the @entity1951 blocker and @entity859 A1 receptor antagonist ( @entity22952 ) were disappointing. One treatment with potential for the future is omecamtiv mecarbil, a heart @entity3999 activator.

title: Pharmacotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity22952 :: ('MESH:C073525', 'Chemical') :: ['rolofylline']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity6759 :: ('MESH:C076731', 'Chemical') :: ['levosimendan']

entities_list: @entity15726 :: ('MESH:C088408', 'Chemical') :: ['Ivabradine']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7723 is the most common @entity8453 with a variable clinical manifestation depending on the number of allele mutations (asymptomatic/mild @entity417 if 1-2 allele mutations, severe disease if 3-4 allele mutations). A study was conducted from May 2011 on @entity8453 found in the neonatal screening in the autonomous community of the Basque Country (CAPV). OBJECTIVES: To analyze the impact of @entity7723 in this area and the effectiveness of its neonatal screening. METHODS: A review was made of @entity1 with a positive gene study for @entity7723 over a 2-year period (2012-2013) and an analysis was made of the age at diagnosis, ethnic group, analytical result, and treatment. RESULTS: The genetic study was performed on 107 @entity1 , of which 61 had some mutation, with 62% having one allele mutations and 38% with two alleles. The mean age at diagnosis was 31 years, with 28% being younger than eighteen years old. Most of the @entity1 were European with a significant number of Africans (26%) and Arabs (13%). All @entity1 were asymptomatic, and 28% had mild @entity417 . Two @entity1 were diagnosed by neonatal screening. Most of them did not need any treatment or only required @entity68 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of one or two alpha gene mutations has no clinical impact, but allows genetic counseling. No @entity1 was found with 3-4 mutations or severe symptoms in our region. Contrarily to the diagnosis of other diseases, our results does not support that routine neonatal screening for @entity7723 has any clinical impact in our community.

title: [Clinical consequences of XXXX in the basque country, Spain. Impact of neonatal screening.]

entities_list: @entity7723 :: ('MESH:D017085', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-thalassemia', 'Alpha-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathy', 'hemoglobinopathies']

answer: @entity7723 :: (MESH:D017085,Disease) :: ['alpha-thalassemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aim to analyze the different spreading patterns, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of @entity4937 ( @entity4937 ) and @entity189 (NPCs). DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : The current study report on a retrospective analysis of oncologic outcome of 76 pathologically confirmed consecutive cases of @entity420 ( @entity420 ), including 31 @entity4937 , 33 @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) and 12 @entity3975 ( @entity3975 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Overall survival rates (OS) and disease-free survival rates (DFS). RESULTS: In 12 @entity1 with @entity129 , there were @entity2347 (n=9), @entity4937 (n=2) and @entity3975 (n=1) (p=0.016). CT/MRI detected CN involvements were found in 22 @entity1 . Lymph node @entity3 were observed in 25.8% of @entity4937 (n=8), 12.1% of @entity2347 (n=4) and 8.3% of @entity3975 (n=1). Significant differences were observed in 5-year overall survival rates (OS) and disease-free survival rates (DFS) between @entity1 with and without CT/MRI-detected CN involvement (p=0.002 and p=0.002, respectively), and similar results were found between @entity1 with and without lymph node @entity3 (p=0.002 and p=0.018, respectively). In 37 @entity1 with early stage disease (stage I-II), significant differences were observed in 5-year OS and DFS rates between the surgical and non-surgical treated groups (p=0.031 and p=0.012, respectively). In 39 @entity1 with advanced stage disease (stage III-IV), significant or marginally differences were observed in DFS and OS between the chemoradiotherapy group and non-chemoradiotherapy group (p=0.007 and p=0.062, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2347 has a higher CN invasion than @entity4937 and @entity3975 , and @entity4937 has the highest rate of lymphatic metastases. CT/MRI detected CN involvements and lymph node @entity3 indicate a negative impact on the prognosis. The outcome of surgical @entity1 in our series is encouraging in early stage @entity4937 and NPCs, and chemoradiotherapy may be the optimal treatment for the advanced stage @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Spreading Patterns, Prognostic factors and Treatment Outcomes of XXXX and @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANT', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve (CN) palsy']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['MEC', 'mucoepidermoid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinomas', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma', 'NPAC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland-type carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['NAC', 'nasopharyngeal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity4937 :: (MESH:D000231,Disease) :: ['Nasopharyngeal Papillary Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aim to analyze the different spreading patterns, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of @entity4937 ( @entity4937 ) and @entity189 (NPCs). DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : The current study report on a retrospective analysis of oncologic outcome of 76 pathologically confirmed consecutive cases of @entity420 ( @entity420 ), including 31 @entity4937 , 33 @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) and 12 @entity3975 ( @entity3975 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Overall survival rates (OS) and disease-free survival rates (DFS). RESULTS: In 12 @entity1 with @entity129 , there were @entity2347 (n=9), @entity4937 (n=2) and @entity3975 (n=1) (p=0.016). CT/MRI detected CN involvements were found in 22 @entity1 . Lymph node @entity3 were observed in 25.8% of @entity4937 (n=8), 12.1% of @entity2347 (n=4) and 8.3% of @entity3975 (n=1). Significant differences were observed in 5-year overall survival rates (OS) and disease-free survival rates (DFS) between @entity1 with and without CT/MRI-detected CN involvement (p=0.002 and p=0.002, respectively), and similar results were found between @entity1 with and without lymph node @entity3 (p=0.002 and p=0.018, respectively). In 37 @entity1 with early stage disease (stage I-II), significant differences were observed in 5-year OS and DFS rates between the surgical and non-surgical treated groups (p=0.031 and p=0.012, respectively). In 39 @entity1 with advanced stage disease (stage III-IV), significant or marginally differences were observed in DFS and OS between the chemoradiotherapy group and non-chemoradiotherapy group (p=0.007 and p=0.062, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2347 has a higher CN invasion than @entity4937 and @entity3975 , and @entity4937 has the highest rate of lymphatic metastases. CT/MRI detected CN involvements and lymph node @entity3 indicate a negative impact on the prognosis. The outcome of surgical @entity1 in our series is encouraging in early stage @entity4937 and NPCs, and chemoradiotherapy may be the optimal treatment for the advanced stage @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Spreading Patterns, Prognostic factors and Treatment Outcomes of @entity4937 and XXXX .

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Salivary Gland-type Carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whole @entity1010 is a putative outcome measure in monitoring relapsing-remitting @entity15 (RRMS). With the ongoing MRI transformation from 1.5T to 3T, there is an unmet need to calibrate this change. We evaluated brain parenchymal volumes (BPVs) from 1.5T versus 3T in @entity15 and normal controls (NC). METHODS: We studied @entity15 [n = 26, age (mean, range) 43 (21-55), 22 (85%) RRMS, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 1.98 (0-6.5), timed 25 foot walk (T25FW) 5.95 (3.2-33.0 seconds)] and NC [n = 9, age 45 (31-53)]. Subjects underwent 1.5T (Phillips) and 3T (GE) 3-dimensional T1-weighted scans to derive normalized @entity15882 from an automated SIENAX pipeline. Neuropsychological testing was according to consensus panel recommendations. RESULTS: @entity10368 .5T was higher than @entity10368 T [mean (95% CI) + 45.7 mL (+35.3, +56.1), P < .00001], most likely due to improved tissue-CSF contrast at 3T. @entity10368 T showed a larger volume decrease and larger effect size in detecting @entity1010 in @entity15 versus NC [-74.5 mL (-126.5, -22.5), P = .006, d = .92] when compared to @entity10368 .5T [-51.3.1 mL (-99.8, -2.8), P = .04, d = .67]. Correlations between @entity10368 .5T and EDSS (r = -.43, P = .027) and @entity10368 T and EDSS (r = -.49, P = .011) and between @entity10368 .5T and T25FW (r = -.46, P = .018) and @entity10368 T and T25FW (r = -.56, P = .003) slightly favored 3T. @entity15882 -cognition correlations were significant (P < .05) for 6 of 11 subscales to a similar degree at 1.5T (r range = .44-.58) and 3T (r range = .43-.53). CONCLUSIONS: Field strength may impact whole brain volume measurements in @entity1 with @entity15 though the differences are not too divergent between 1.5T and 3T.

title: Whole Brain Volume Measured from 1.5T versus 3T MRI in Healthy Subjects and @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whole @entity1010 is a putative outcome measure in monitoring relapsing-remitting @entity15 (RRMS). With the ongoing MRI transformation from 1.5T to 3T, there is an unmet need to calibrate this change. We evaluated brain parenchymal volumes (BPVs) from 1.5T versus 3T in @entity15 and normal controls (NC). METHODS: We studied @entity15 [n = 26, age (mean, range) 43 (21-55), 22 (85%) RRMS, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 1.98 (0-6.5), timed 25 foot walk (T25FW) 5.95 (3.2-33.0 seconds)] and NC [n = 9, age 45 (31-53)]. Subjects underwent 1.5T (Phillips) and 3T (GE) 3-dimensional T1-weighted scans to derive normalized @entity15882 from an automated SIENAX pipeline. Neuropsychological testing was according to consensus panel recommendations. RESULTS: @entity10368 .5T was higher than @entity10368 T [mean (95% CI) + 45.7 mL (+35.3, +56.1), P < .00001], most likely due to improved tissue-CSF contrast at 3T. @entity10368 T showed a larger volume decrease and larger effect size in detecting @entity1010 in @entity15 versus NC [-74.5 mL (-126.5, -22.5), P = .006, d = .92] when compared to @entity10368 .5T [-51.3.1 mL (-99.8, -2.8), P = .04, d = .67]. Correlations between @entity10368 .5T and EDSS (r = -.43, P = .027) and @entity10368 T and EDSS (r = -.49, P = .011) and between @entity10368 .5T and T25FW (r = -.46, P = .018) and @entity10368 T and T25FW (r = -.56, P = .003) slightly favored 3T. @entity15882 -cognition correlations were significant (P < .05) for 6 of 11 subscales to a similar degree at 1.5T (r range = .44-.58) and 3T (r range = .43-.53). CONCLUSIONS: Field strength may impact whole brain volume measurements in @entity1 with @entity15 though the differences are not too divergent between 1.5T and 3T.

title: Whole Brain Volume Measured from 1.5T versus 3T MRI in Healthy Subjects and XXXX with @entity15 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the potentially prognostic indicators of early @entity957 ( @entity957 ), including @entity1082 ) status. METHODS: A total of 336 @entity1 with T2N0-1M0 LSCC were included in this study. Clinical data were collected from archival documents, and @entity1083 and @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression were detected. RESULTS: A total of 32/318 cases of high-risk @entity1083 and 10/336 cases of @entity986 ( @entity986 ) overexpression were found. Three hundred eighteen @entity5 were classified into a three-class model according to @entity1083 and @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression: class I, HPV+/ @entity986 +; class II, HPV+/ @entity986 -; and class III, HPV-/ @entity986 -. Class III had a trend of decreased @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (P  =  0.076) and a markedly low @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) (P  =  0.022) compared with class I and class II. HPV-positive cases (class I plus class II) had a significantly longer @entity1349 (P  =  0.038) and @entity4557 (P  =  0.006). In multivariate analysis, HPV-positive (P  =  0.020), nonanemia (P = 0.011), and N0 stage (P  =  0.005) were significant predictors for high @entity4557 . But only HPV-positive (P  =  0.047) and nonanemia (P  <  0.001) were significant predictors for superior @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: A trend of discrete survival among HPV+/ @entity986 +, HPV+/ @entity986 -, and HPV-/ @entity986 classes was found in early @entity957 . We suggest that @entity1083 and hemoglobin level are the potential factors that can stratify outcome of early @entity957 .

title: @entity1083 and Anemia Status Stratify the Survival of Early T2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas', 'LSCCs']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the potentially prognostic indicators of early @entity957 ( @entity957 ), including @entity1082 ) status. METHODS: A total of 336 @entity1 with T2N0-1M0 LSCC were included in this study. Clinical data were collected from archival documents, and @entity1083 and @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression were detected. RESULTS: A total of 32/318 cases of high-risk @entity1083 and 10/336 cases of @entity986 ( @entity986 ) overexpression were found. Three hundred eighteen @entity5 were classified into a three-class model according to @entity1083 and @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression: class I, HPV+/ @entity986 +; class II, HPV+/ @entity986 -; and class III, HPV-/ @entity986 -. Class III had a trend of decreased @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (P  =  0.076) and a markedly low @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) (P  =  0.022) compared with class I and class II. HPV-positive cases (class I plus class II) had a significantly longer @entity1349 (P  =  0.038) and @entity4557 (P  =  0.006). In multivariate analysis, HPV-positive (P  =  0.020), nonanemia (P = 0.011), and N0 stage (P  =  0.005) were significant predictors for high @entity4557 . But only HPV-positive (P  =  0.047) and nonanemia (P  <  0.001) were significant predictors for superior @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: A trend of discrete survival among HPV+/ @entity986 +, HPV+/ @entity986 -, and HPV-/ @entity986 classes was found in early @entity957 . We suggest that @entity1083 and hemoglobin level are the potential factors that can stratify outcome of early @entity957 .

title: XXXX and Anemia Status Stratify the Survival of Early T2 @entity957 .

answer: @entity1083 :: (MESH:D030361,Disease) :: ['HPV Infection']


abstract: The IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) comprise at least six distinct species which may modulate the action of IGFs. IGFs are important regulators of fetal growth and differentiation. We have studied the mRNA expression of the six IGFBPs during post-implantation embryogenesis (day 11-18) by in situ hybridization techniques. Expression of @entity36628 was detected in @entity19 conceptuses after day 12 of gestation and seemed restricted to the liver. Transcripts for @entity10509 were detected in various tissues and were found in all stages tested. In contrast, expression of @entity71370 could be detected only weakly in late gestational embryos. Comparison of the expression pattern of @entity10509 , which were found widely distributed in @entity19 conceptuses, revealed that @entity10248 was expressed mainly in the ectodermal layer and also in the mesoderm derived part of the tongue (day 13.5). Transcripts for @entity10250 however, only were detected in the mesoderm derived tissues, whereas expression of @entity10251 was restricted to the ectodermal layer. A similar distribution pattern was observed in the lung. In general, expression of @entity38878 was detected in the same cells, whereas @entity10511 were expressed mainly in different cell types. In rodents as in the @entity1 there is widespread expression of the genes coding IGFs, the IGFBPs and the receptors during pre- and postimplantation embryogenesis. These data support the assumption that the IGFs play an important role during embryogenesis.

title: Gene expression of the IGF binding proteins during post-implantation embryogenesis of the XXXX ; comparison with the expression of IGF-I and -II and their receptors in rodent and @entity1 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) comprise at least six distinct species which may modulate the action of IGFs. IGFs are important regulators of fetal growth and differentiation. We have studied the mRNA expression of the six IGFBPs during post-implantation embryogenesis (day 11-18) by in situ hybridization techniques. Expression of @entity36628 was detected in @entity19 conceptuses after day 12 of gestation and seemed restricted to the liver. Transcripts for @entity10509 were detected in various tissues and were found in all stages tested. In contrast, expression of @entity71370 could be detected only weakly in late gestational embryos. Comparison of the expression pattern of @entity10509 , which were found widely distributed in @entity19 conceptuses, revealed that @entity10248 was expressed mainly in the ectodermal layer and also in the mesoderm derived part of the tongue (day 13.5). Transcripts for @entity10250 however, only were detected in the mesoderm derived tissues, whereas expression of @entity10251 was restricted to the ectodermal layer. A similar distribution pattern was observed in the lung. In general, expression of @entity38878 was detected in the same cells, whereas @entity10511 were expressed mainly in different cell types. In rodents as in the @entity1 there is widespread expression of the genes coding IGFs, the IGFBPs and the receptors during pre- and postimplantation embryogenesis. These data support the assumption that the IGFs play an important role during embryogenesis.

title: Gene expression of the IGF binding proteins during post-implantation embryogenesis of the @entity19 ; comparison with the expression of IGF-I and -II and their receptors in rodent and XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of @entity286 prices and the implementation of smoke-free legislation on smoking cessation in Spain, by educational level, across the period 1993-2012. METHODS: National Health Surveys data for the above two decades were used to calculate smoking cessation in @entity1 aged 25-64 years. The relationship between @entity286 prices and smoking quit-ratio was estimated using multiple linear regression adjusted for time and the presence of smoke-free legislation. The immediate as well as the longer-term impact of the 2006 smoke-free law on quit-ratio was estimated using segmented linear regression analysis. The analyses were performed separately in @entity1 and @entity1 with high and low education, respectively. RESULTS: No relationship was observed between @entity286 prices and smoking quit-ratio, except in @entity1 having a low educational level, among whom a rise in price was associated with a decrease in quit-ratio. The smoke-free law altered the smoking quit-ratio in the short term and altered also pre-existing trends. Smoking quit-ratio increased immediately after the ban - though this increase was significant only among @entity1 with a low educational level - and then decreased in subsequent years except among @entity1 with a high educational level. CONCLUSION: A clear relationship between @entity286 prices and smoking quit-ratio was not observed in a recent period. After the implementation of smoke-free legislation the trend in the quit ratio in most of the socio-economic groups was different from the trend observed before implementation, so existing inequalities in smoking quit-ratio were not widened or narrowed.

title: Impact of XXXX prices and smoke-free policy on smoking cessation, by gender and educational group: Spain, 1993-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'women', 'men']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: We recently reported an unusual abundance of @entity369 (4-6 mM) in porcine allantoic fluid during early gestation. However, it is not known whether such high concentrations of @entity369 are unique for porcine allantoic fluid or whether they represent an important physiological phenomenon for mammals. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that @entity369 is also the most abundant @entity535 in ovine allantoic fluid. Allantoic and amniotic fluids, as well as fetal and maternal plasma samples, were obtained from ewes between Days 30 and 140 of gestation. @entity2228 was the most abundant @entity535 in maternal uterine arterial plasma, representing approximately 25% of total @entity535 . @entity493 , @entity1160 , @entity2228 , plus @entity563 contributed approximately 50% of total @entity535 in fetal plasma. Fetal:maternal plasma ratios for @entity1522 varied greatly, being less than 1 for @entity2227 during late gestation, 1.5-3 for most @entity1522 throughout gestation, and greater than 10 for @entity563 during late gestation. Marked changes were observed in @entity535 concentrations in amniotic and allantoic fluids associated with conceptus development. Concentrations of @entity493 , @entity7792 , and @entity1160 in allantoic fluid increased by 20-, 34-, and 18-fold, respectively, between Days 30 and 60 of gestation and were 24.7, 9.7, and 23.5 mM, respectively, on Day 60 of gestation (compared with 0.8 mM @entity369 ). Remarkably, @entity493 , @entity7792 , plus @entity1160 accounted for approximately 80% of total @entity535 in allantoic fluid during early gestation. @entity563 (16.5 mM) contributed approximately 60% of total @entity535 in allantoic fluid on Day 140 of gestation. These novel findings of the unusual abundance of traditionally classified nonessential @entity1522 in allantoic fluid raise important questions regarding their roles in ovine conceptus development.

title: Developmental changes of XXXX in ovine fetal fluids.

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine', 'Glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'alpha-amino acids']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine', 'serine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine', 'Alanine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: @entity11796 (MAP) from intravaginal sponges prolongs the lifespan of large ovarian follicles when administered after @entity3774 (PGF2alpha)-induced luteolysis early in the luteal phase of ewes. The present study was designed to determine whether a PGF2alpha/MAP treatment applied at midcycle would alter the pattern of antral follicle growth and increase ovulation rate in nonprolific ewes. A single injection of PGF2alpha (15 mg, i.m.) was given, and an intravaginal MAP (60 mg) sponge was inserted for 6 days, on approximately Day 8 after ovulation, in 7 (experiment 1), 8 (experiment 2) or 11 (experiment 3) ultrasonographically monitored, cycling Western white-faced ewes; seven ewes (experiment 1) served as untreated controls. Blood samples were collected each day and also every 12 min for 6 h, halfway through the period of treatment with MAP (experiment 1), or every 4 h, from 1 day before to 1 day after sponging (experiment 2). Seventeen of 26 treated ewes (experiment 1, n = 6; experiment 2, n = 5; experiment 3, n = 6) ovulated 1 to 6 days after PGF2alpha, but this did not affect the emergence of ensuing follicular waves (experiments 1 and 2). These ovulations, confirmed by laparotomy and histological examinations of the ovaries (experiment 3), were not preceded by an increase in LH/FSH secretion and did not result in corpora lutea, as evidenced by transrectal ultrasonography and RIA of serum @entity1420 (experiments 1 and 2). Following the removal of MAP sponges, the mean ovulation rate was 3.1 +/- 0.4 in treated ewes and 2.0 +/- 0.3 in control ewes (experiment 1; P < 0.05). In experiments 1 and 2, the ovulation rate after treatment (3.1 +/- 0.4 and 2.8 +/- 0.4) was also greater than the pretreatment rate (1.9 +/- 0.3 and 1.9 +/- 0.1, respectively). Ovulations of follicles from two consecutive waves before ovulation were seen in five treated but only in two control ewes (experiment 1), and in seven ewes in experiment 2. There were no significant differences between the MAP-treated and control ewes in mean daily serum concentrations of FSH and @entity53 , and no differences in the parameters of LH/FSH secretion, based on frequent blood sampling. Treatment of nonprolific Western white-faced ewes with PGF2alpha and MAP at midcycle changed follicular dynamics and increased ovulation rate by approximately 50%. These effects of MAP, in the absence of luteal @entity1420 , may not be mediated by changes in gonadotropin secretion.

title: Effects of a 6-day treatment with @entity11796 after XXXX alpha-induced luteolysis at midcycle on antral follicular development and ovulation rate in nonprolific Western white-faced ewes.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['Medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity3774 :: (MESH:D015237,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin F2']


abstract: @entity11796 (MAP) from intravaginal sponges prolongs the lifespan of large ovarian follicles when administered after @entity3774 (PGF2alpha)-induced luteolysis early in the luteal phase of ewes. The present study was designed to determine whether a PGF2alpha/MAP treatment applied at midcycle would alter the pattern of antral follicle growth and increase ovulation rate in nonprolific ewes. A single injection of PGF2alpha (15 mg, i.m.) was given, and an intravaginal MAP (60 mg) sponge was inserted for 6 days, on approximately Day 8 after ovulation, in 7 (experiment 1), 8 (experiment 2) or 11 (experiment 3) ultrasonographically monitored, cycling Western white-faced ewes; seven ewes (experiment 1) served as untreated controls. Blood samples were collected each day and also every 12 min for 6 h, halfway through the period of treatment with MAP (experiment 1), or every 4 h, from 1 day before to 1 day after sponging (experiment 2). Seventeen of 26 treated ewes (experiment 1, n = 6; experiment 2, n = 5; experiment 3, n = 6) ovulated 1 to 6 days after PGF2alpha, but this did not affect the emergence of ensuing follicular waves (experiments 1 and 2). These ovulations, confirmed by laparotomy and histological examinations of the ovaries (experiment 3), were not preceded by an increase in LH/FSH secretion and did not result in corpora lutea, as evidenced by transrectal ultrasonography and RIA of serum @entity1420 (experiments 1 and 2). Following the removal of MAP sponges, the mean ovulation rate was 3.1 +/- 0.4 in treated ewes and 2.0 +/- 0.3 in control ewes (experiment 1; P < 0.05). In experiments 1 and 2, the ovulation rate after treatment (3.1 +/- 0.4 and 2.8 +/- 0.4) was also greater than the pretreatment rate (1.9 +/- 0.3 and 1.9 +/- 0.1, respectively). Ovulations of follicles from two consecutive waves before ovulation were seen in five treated but only in two control ewes (experiment 1), and in seven ewes in experiment 2. There were no significant differences between the MAP-treated and control ewes in mean daily serum concentrations of FSH and @entity53 , and no differences in the parameters of LH/FSH secretion, based on frequent blood sampling. Treatment of nonprolific Western white-faced ewes with PGF2alpha and MAP at midcycle changed follicular dynamics and increased ovulation rate by approximately 50%. These effects of MAP, in the absence of luteal @entity1420 , may not be mediated by changes in gonadotropin secretion.

title: Effects of a 6-day treatment with XXXX after @entity3774 alpha-induced luteolysis at midcycle on antral follicular development and ovulation rate in nonprolific Western white-faced ewes.

answer: @entity11796 :: (MESH:D017258,Chemical) :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']


abstract: @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ) with assisted mechanical thrombolysis is now considered as the standard of medical care for @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). The study was conducted to describe the immediate and long-term (6 months) safety and effectiveness of @entity1212 in @entity1 with lower limb @entity1150 compared with the routine anticoagulation alone. All 12 to 85 years old @entity1 with recent (0-8 weeks) @entity1150 were included. In @entity1212 group, @entity715 was aspirated mechanically and streptokinase (STK) was given along with unfractionated heparin (UFH). After 6 months, deep venous patency and @entity2979 ( @entity2979 ) was assessed by using duplex ultrasound and Villalta scale, respectively. Among 51 @entity1 with completed data, 25 @entity1 were allocated additional @entity1212 given for a mean duration of 108        32 hours and 26 @entity1 were allocated standard treatment alone. Grade III (complete) lysis was achieved in 37% @entity1 and grade II (50-90%) lysis in 63% of @entity1 . @entity1 with partial lysis underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and/or venous stenting. After 6 months, iliofemoral patency was found in 20 (80%) in the @entity1212 group versus 7 (23%) in anticoagulation alone group (p   <   0.01). @entity2979 was seen in 5 (20%) in the @entity1212 group versus 19 (77%) in anticoagulation alone group (p   <   0.01). We conclude that @entity1212 and conventional manual aspiration thrombectomy are an effective treatment for lower extremity @entity1150 . STK infusion can be safely given up to 6 days. As addition of UFH can cause @entity882 , so daily monitoring of complete blood counts is needed during @entity1212 .

title: Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis Along with Mechanical Thromboaspiration versus Anticoagulation Alone in the Management of Lower Limb XXXX -A Comparative Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['Catheter-directed thrombolysis', 'CDT']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['PTS', 'postthrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['Deep Venous Thrombosis']


abstract: The gingiva of @entity35 molars was studied at the light microscope level using @entity3584 as fixative, Cuprolinic Blue for visualizing polyanionic glycosaminoglycans and the autometallographic technique for enhancing the @entity920 signal of the cationic dye. The polyanions were located inside the epithelial cells in the junctional epithelium, whereas a network located along either the plasma membrane or the intercellular spaces, or both, of the gingival oral epithelium and sulcular oral epithelium was evident with autometallography. In these cases, positive staining was limited to the basal and spinous layers, the granular and keratinized layers being unstained. With the transmission electron microscope, electron-dense aggregates were seen in the @entity2522 propria, in the basement membrane and along the plasma membrane of the keratinocytes of the basal and spinous layers of the @entity7138 . In the junctional epithelium, Cuprolinic Blue-positive granules, 25 nm in diameter, were seen in the cytoplasm. Together with some vesicles containing electron-dense material, they may account for the staining process noted after autometallography. When the ultra-thin sections were digested with @entity291 testicular hyaluronidase, the staining was abolished. This indicates that glycosaminoglycans were primarily responsible for the staining pattern visualized with these methods. In the junctional epithelium, the cytosolic location of the 25 nm granules reflects either transcellular transfer between the plasma membrane and the nucleus or accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in this group of keratinocytes. The glycoconjugates located inside vesicles or vacuoles are related to endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. Interstitial glycosaminoglycans seen in the two types of oral epithelium may play a role in the diffusion of water and nutriments.

title: Cuprolinic blue visualization of cytosolic and membrane-associated glycosaminoglycans in the @entity35 junctional epithelium and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival lamina']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity7138 :: ('MESH:D005885', 'Disease') :: ['gingival and sulcular oral epithelia']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingival epithelia']


abstract: The gingiva of @entity35 molars was studied at the light microscope level using @entity3584 as fixative, Cuprolinic Blue for visualizing polyanionic glycosaminoglycans and the autometallographic technique for enhancing the @entity920 signal of the cationic dye. The polyanions were located inside the epithelial cells in the junctional epithelium, whereas a network located along either the plasma membrane or the intercellular spaces, or both, of the gingival oral epithelium and sulcular oral epithelium was evident with autometallography. In these cases, positive staining was limited to the basal and spinous layers, the granular and keratinized layers being unstained. With the transmission electron microscope, electron-dense aggregates were seen in the @entity2522 propria, in the basement membrane and along the plasma membrane of the keratinocytes of the basal and spinous layers of the @entity7138 . In the junctional epithelium, Cuprolinic Blue-positive granules, 25 nm in diameter, were seen in the cytoplasm. Together with some vesicles containing electron-dense material, they may account for the staining process noted after autometallography. When the ultra-thin sections were digested with @entity291 testicular hyaluronidase, the staining was abolished. This indicates that glycosaminoglycans were primarily responsible for the staining pattern visualized with these methods. In the junctional epithelium, the cytosolic location of the 25 nm granules reflects either transcellular transfer between the plasma membrane and the nucleus or accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in this group of keratinocytes. The glycoconjugates located inside vesicles or vacuoles are related to endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. Interstitial glycosaminoglycans seen in the two types of oral epithelium may play a role in the diffusion of water and nutriments.

title: Cuprolinic blue visualization of cytosolic and membrane-associated glycosaminoglycans in the XXXX junctional epithelium and @entity2522 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity66 is a common cause of morbidity in @entity3458 (HbSS): approximately 10% of @entity1 have a clinical @entity64 before 20 years of age, and another 22% have silent @entity1188 on magnetic resonance imaging. The phenotypic variation among @entity1 with HbSS suggests a role for modifier genes and/or environmental influences. To assess the familial component of clinical @entity64 in HbSS, we estimated the prevalence of clinical @entity64 among all @entity1 and among HbSS sibling pairs at 9 pediatric centers. The sample included 3425 @entity1 with @entity3458 who were younger than 21 years, including 2353 @entity1 with HbSS. The @entity64 prevalence was 4.9% for all genotypes; 7.1% for @entity1 with HbSS; 1.1% for @entity1 with @entity2395 ; 0.6% for @entity1 with @entity2395 ; and 0% for @entity1 with HbSC. In 207 sibships, more than 1 @entity1 had HbSS. There were 42 sibships in which at least 1 sibling had a @entity64 , and in 10 of the 42, 2 siblings had a @entity64 . A permutation test indicated that the number of families in which 2 @entity1 had @entity64 was larger than the number expected if @entity64 were randomly distributed among @entity1 in sibships (P =.0012). There was no difference in @entity64 prevalence based on sex, nor was the mean age at @entity64 presentation significantly different between singletons and sibships with @entity64 . We conclude that there is a familial predisposition to @entity64 in HbSS. Attempts to identify genetic modifiers should be initiated with family-based studies.

title: XXXX risk in siblings with @entity3458 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['Sbeta(+) thalassemia', 'HbSbeta(o) thalassemia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: @entity66 is a common cause of morbidity in @entity3458 (HbSS): approximately 10% of @entity1 have a clinical @entity64 before 20 years of age, and another 22% have silent @entity1188 on magnetic resonance imaging. The phenotypic variation among @entity1 with HbSS suggests a role for modifier genes and/or environmental influences. To assess the familial component of clinical @entity64 in HbSS, we estimated the prevalence of clinical @entity64 among all @entity1 and among HbSS sibling pairs at 9 pediatric centers. The sample included 3425 @entity1 with @entity3458 who were younger than 21 years, including 2353 @entity1 with HbSS. The @entity64 prevalence was 4.9% for all genotypes; 7.1% for @entity1 with HbSS; 1.1% for @entity1 with @entity2395 ; 0.6% for @entity1 with @entity2395 ; and 0% for @entity1 with HbSC. In 207 sibships, more than 1 @entity1 had HbSS. There were 42 sibships in which at least 1 sibling had a @entity64 , and in 10 of the 42, 2 siblings had a @entity64 . A permutation test indicated that the number of families in which 2 @entity1 had @entity64 was larger than the number expected if @entity64 were randomly distributed among @entity1 in sibships (P =.0012). There was no difference in @entity64 prevalence based on sex, nor was the mean age at @entity64 presentation significantly different between singletons and sibships with @entity64 . We conclude that there is a familial predisposition to @entity64 in HbSS. Attempts to identify genetic modifiers should be initiated with family-based studies.

title: @entity64 risk in siblings with XXXX .

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an extended infusion of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 ( @entity6757 ) has a greater effect to promote insulin secretion in type 2 @entity6 subjects than acute administration of the peptide. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Nine @entity6 subjects and nine nondiabetic volunteers of similar age and weight were studied in identical protocols. First-phase insulin release (FPIR; the incremental insulin response in the first 10 min after the intravenous @entity413 bolus) and second-phase insulin release (SPIR; the incremental insulin response from 10-60 min after intravenous @entity413 ) were measured during three separate intravenous @entity413 tolerance tests (IVGTTs): 1). without @entity6757 (control); 2). with acute administration of @entity6757 as a square wave starting just before @entity413 administration; and 3). with an extended infusion of @entity6757 for 3 h before and during the IVGTT. RESULTS: In the subjects with @entity6 , FPIR was severely impaired-a defect that was only modestly improved by acute administration of @entity6757 (197 +/- 97 vs. 539 +/- 218 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05), while SPIR was substantially increased (1952 +/- 512 vs. 8072 +/- 1664 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05). In contrast, the 3-h preinfusion of @entity6757 normalized fasting @entity4854 (7.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.6, P < 0.05), increased FPIR by 5- to 6-fold (197 +/- 97 vs. 1141 +/- 409 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05), and augmented SPIR significantly (1952 +/- 512 vs. 4026 +/- 851 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05), but to a lesser degree than the acute administration of @entity6757 . In addition, only the 3-h @entity6757 preinfusion significantly improved intravenous @entity413 tolerance (K(g) control 0.61 +/- 0.04, acute infusion 0.71 +/- 0.04, P = NS; 3-h infusion 0.92 +/- 0.08%/min, P < 0.05). These findings were also noted in the nondiabetic subjects in whom acute administration of @entity6757 significantly increased SPIR relative to the control IVGTT (9439 +/- 2885 vs. 31553 +/- 11660 pmol/l. min, P < 0.001) with less effect on FPIR (3221 +/- 918 vs. 4917 +/- 1614 pmol/l. min, P = 0.075), while the 3-h preinfusion of @entity6757 significantly increased both FPIR (3221 +/- 918 vs. 7948 +/- 2647 pmol/l. min, P < 0.01) and SPIR (9439 +/- 2885 vs. 21997 +/- 9849 pmol/l. min, P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Extended administration of @entity6757 not only augments @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion, but also shifts the dynamics of the insulin response to earlier release in both @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity1 . The restitution of some FPIR in subjects with type 2 @entity6 is associated with significantly improved @entity413 tolerance. These findings demonstrate the benefits of a 3-h infusion of @entity6757 on beta-cell function beyond those of an acute insulin secretagogue, and support the development of strategies using continuous or prolonged @entity8142 agonism for treating @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Differential effects of acute and extended infusions of glucagon-like peptide-1 on first- and second-phase insulin secretion in XXXX and nondiabetic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an extended infusion of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 ( @entity6757 ) has a greater effect to promote insulin secretion in type 2 @entity6 subjects than acute administration of the peptide. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Nine @entity6 subjects and nine nondiabetic volunteers of similar age and weight were studied in identical protocols. First-phase insulin release (FPIR; the incremental insulin response in the first 10 min after the intravenous @entity413 bolus) and second-phase insulin release (SPIR; the incremental insulin response from 10-60 min after intravenous @entity413 ) were measured during three separate intravenous @entity413 tolerance tests (IVGTTs): 1). without @entity6757 (control); 2). with acute administration of @entity6757 as a square wave starting just before @entity413 administration; and 3). with an extended infusion of @entity6757 for 3 h before and during the IVGTT. RESULTS: In the subjects with @entity6 , FPIR was severely impaired-a defect that was only modestly improved by acute administration of @entity6757 (197 +/- 97 vs. 539 +/- 218 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05), while SPIR was substantially increased (1952 +/- 512 vs. 8072 +/- 1664 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05). In contrast, the 3-h preinfusion of @entity6757 normalized fasting @entity4854 (7.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.6, P < 0.05), increased FPIR by 5- to 6-fold (197 +/- 97 vs. 1141 +/- 409 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05), and augmented SPIR significantly (1952 +/- 512 vs. 4026 +/- 851 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05), but to a lesser degree than the acute administration of @entity6757 . In addition, only the 3-h @entity6757 preinfusion significantly improved intravenous @entity413 tolerance (K(g) control 0.61 +/- 0.04, acute infusion 0.71 +/- 0.04, P = NS; 3-h infusion 0.92 +/- 0.08%/min, P < 0.05). These findings were also noted in the nondiabetic subjects in whom acute administration of @entity6757 significantly increased SPIR relative to the control IVGTT (9439 +/- 2885 vs. 31553 +/- 11660 pmol/l. min, P < 0.001) with less effect on FPIR (3221 +/- 918 vs. 4917 +/- 1614 pmol/l. min, P = 0.075), while the 3-h preinfusion of @entity6757 significantly increased both FPIR (3221 +/- 918 vs. 7948 +/- 2647 pmol/l. min, P < 0.01) and SPIR (9439 +/- 2885 vs. 21997 +/- 9849 pmol/l. min, P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Extended administration of @entity6757 not only augments @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion, but also shifts the dynamics of the insulin response to earlier release in both @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity1 . The restitution of some FPIR in subjects with type 2 @entity6 is associated with significantly improved @entity413 tolerance. These findings demonstrate the benefits of a 3-h infusion of @entity6757 on beta-cell function beyond those of an acute insulin secretagogue, and support the development of strategies using continuous or prolonged @entity8142 agonism for treating @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Differential effects of acute and extended infusions of glucagon-like peptide-1 on first- and second-phase insulin secretion in @entity6 and nondiabetic XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Microsurgical clipping of @entity438 requires meticulous technique and is usually performed through open approaches. Endoscopic endonasal clipping of @entity438 may utilize the same techniques through an alternative corridor. The aim of this manuscript is to report a series of @entity1 who underwent EEA for microsurgical clipping of @entity438 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review. Surgical outcome and complications were noted. The conceptual application and the technical nuances of these procedures were discussed. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 underwent EEA for clipping of 11 @entity438 arising from the paraclinoidal ICA (n=9) and vertebrobasilar system (n=2). The ICA @entity439 projected medially whereas the vertebrobasilar artery @entity439 were directly ventral to the brainstem with low-lying basilar apices. One @entity1 required craniotomy for distal control given the size and thrombosed nature of the @entity439 . Proximal and distal vascular control with direct visualization of the @entity439 was obtained in all cases. In all cases, @entity439 were @entity2300 . Among complications, three @entity1 had postoperative CSF leakage and two further complicated with @entity693 . Two @entity1 suffered @entity64 . One recovered completely and the other remains with mild disabling symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: EEAs can provide direct access for microsurgical clipping of rare and carefully selected @entity438 . The basic principles of cerebrovascular surgery have to be followed throughout the procedure. These surgeries require a skull base team with a neurosurgeon well versed in both endoscopic endonasal and cerebrovascular surgery working in concert with an otolaryngologist experienced in skull base endoscopy and reconstruction.

title: Endoscopic endonasal clipping of XXXX : Surgical Technique and Results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar strokes']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['completely occluded']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: Previous studies on X-ray-induced @entity5536 -3 mutations induced in heterokaryon 12 of @entity1980 showed that they consisted of gene/point mutations, multilocus deletion mutations, and 3 different genotypic classes of multiple-locus mutations (designated [-3]IR + RLCL, ad-3R + RLCL, and ad-3R + RL). In the present paper, multiple-locus mutations consisting of gene/point mutations at the ad-3A or the ad-3B locus with sites of recessive lethal damage closely linked to the ad-3 region (designated ad-3R + RLCL) or with sites of recessive lethal damage elsewhere in the genome (designated ad-3R + RL) were analyzed to determine whether they resulted from mutations at the same sites or different sites throughout the genome. It was assumed that if the recessive lethal mutations in individual multiple-locus mutations showed complementation on @entity5536 -supplemented medium, they resulted from mutations at different sites. Multiple-locus mutations from both major genotypic classes were combined, as forced heterokaryons, in all possible pairwise combinations and then were plated out on @entity5536 -supplemented medium. These studies indicated that 89.3% (50/56) of the recessive lethal mutations in these 2 classes of multiple-locus mutations complement one another. Thus, they are presumed to have resulted predominantly from @entity74 at different sites throughout the genome. Within the group of 20 multiple-locus mutations that did not complement in various pairwise combinations, 90% (18/20) appear to map in a region, distal to the ad-3 region, defined by a series of overlapping multilocus deletion mutations in 6 mutations of genotype ad-3R + RLCL. The other 10% (2/20) are located elsewhere on Linkage Group I or elsewhere in the genome. The present data base on multiple-locus mutations is unique; such events either can not be detected, or can only be detected with difficulty, in other eukaryotic specific-locus assay systems such as @entity1 cells in culture, @entity238 or @entity19 . Our data on X-ray-induced ad-3 specific-locus mutations from the present and previous studies demonstrate the presence of additional sites of @entity74 , both closely linked with the ad-3 region or elsewhere in the genome, in ad-3 specific-locus mutations. Because the frequencies of each class of multiple-locus mutations is dose-dependent, they must be taken into account in genetic risk assessment exercises. Failure to acknowledge the presence of such additional sites of @entity74 in the utilization of specific-locus data could result in underestimation of the risk of @entity1 exposure to environmental mutagens.

title: X-ray-induced specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region of two-component heterokaryons of XXXX . XII. Analysis of multiple-locus ad-3 mutations reveals a nonrandom distribution of the separate sites of recessive lethal damage throughout the genome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic damage']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity1980 :: (5141,Species) :: ['Neurospora crassa']


abstract: Stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3)-positive multipotent mesenchymal cells (multilineage differentiating stress-enduring [Muse] cells) were isolated from cultured @entity1 adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) and characterized, and their therapeutic potential for treating @entity4537 was evaluated. Cultured hASCs were separated using magnetic-activated cell sorting into positive and negative fractions, a SSEA-3(+) cell-enriched fraction (Muse-rich) and the remaining fraction (Muse-poor). Muse-rich hASCs showed upregulated and downregulated pluripotency and cell proliferation genes, respectively, compared with Muse-poor hASCs. These cells also released higher amounts of certain growth factors, particularly under @entity519 conditions, compared with Muse-poor cells. Skin ulcers were generated in @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 with type 1 @entity6 , which showed delayed wound @entity446 compared with nondiabetic @entity466 @entity19 . Treatment with Muse-rich cells significantly accelerated wound @entity446 compared with treatment with Muse-poor cells. Transplanted cells were integrated into the regenerated dermis as vascular endothelial cells and other cells. However, they were not detected in the surrounding intact regions. Thus, the selected population of ASCs has greater therapeutic effects to accelerate impaired wound @entity446 associated with type 1 @entity6 . These cells can be achieved in large amounts with minimal morbidity and could be a practical tool for a variety of stem cell-depleted or ischemic conditions of various organs and tissues.

title: Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived SSEA-3-Positive Muse Cells for Treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4537 :: ('MESH:D012883', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic skin ulcers']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity4537 :: (MESH:D012883,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Skin Ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previous @entity360 trial showed that @entity1 treated with repeated fibrin glue injection for @entity360 have significantly less rebleeding than those treated with @entity5324 . OBJECTIVE: To analyse the cost and effectiveness of repeated fibrin glue injection and to investigate whether these results change physicians' attitudes. DESIGN: A retrospective random sample of five hospitals from the previous study, collection of cost identification, and follow-up data on 320 @entity1 (155 in the @entity5324 group, 165 in the fibrin glue group). METHODS: An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis and comparison of outcomes was performed using chi-squared tests and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. A survey was carried out using a questionnaire in the five hospitals on local guidelines for management of @entity1066 , and its results were analysed qualitatively. The measure of effectiveness is the number of prevented rebleedings. Further variables were length of hospital stay and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. RESULTS: The cost for the prevention of one additional rebleeding by repeated fibrin glue treatment amounts to 14,316 +/- 4981 @entity7634 (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio). There were no significant differences in length of stays in ICU or in hospital. The physicians did not change their management plans for @entity1 with @entity360 . In a survey, it was seen that other factors, such as local guidelines, attitudes towards new treatment options, and ease of handling of drugs, are more important than a result of a single study for a behavioural change of the doctors. CONCLUSIONS: The study was not designed prospectively to address a pharmacoeconomic question. As relevant variables (e.g. length of ICU stay) could not be reliably ascertained retrospectively, this may lead to biased estimates of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.

title: From clinical evidence to everyday practice: implementing findings from a cost-effectiveness analysis for endoscopic injection therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['polidocanol']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper-gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper-gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: Diseases of the prostate are of high socioeconomic importance owing to their high incidence and prevalence rates. @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) can be detected in 80% of males over the age of 80. Clinical symptoms do not correlate with organ enlargement. Only 10% of @entity1 with @entity1067 need surgical treatment. The decision for surgical treatment is made as a result of objective findings and the symptoms reported by the @entity1 . Preoperative evaluation of @entity1067 must include digital rectal examination (DRE), measurement of peak flow rate, sonographic estimation of residual urine, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), urethrocystography and the assessment of subjective complaints using symptom scores. @entity263 is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 . An abnormal DRE, increased PSA level and/or hypoechogenic lesions in TRUS are indications for prostate biopsy. The sensitivity of TRUS is superior to that of CT and MRI. New MRI techniques are promising with regard to local @entity5 extent. Whereas CT and MRI are not useful in screening of @entity1 , these methods are valuable diagnostic tools in the follow-up of @entity263 .

title: [The value of diagnostic imaging in @entity1067 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['Benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: Diseases of the prostate are of high socioeconomic importance owing to their high incidence and prevalence rates. @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) can be detected in 80% of males over the age of 80. Clinical symptoms do not correlate with organ enlargement. Only 10% of @entity1 with @entity1067 need surgical treatment. The decision for surgical treatment is made as a result of objective findings and the symptoms reported by the @entity1 . Preoperative evaluation of @entity1067 must include digital rectal examination (DRE), measurement of peak flow rate, sonographic estimation of residual urine, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), urethrocystography and the assessment of subjective complaints using symptom scores. @entity263 is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 . An abnormal DRE, increased PSA level and/or hypoechogenic lesions in TRUS are indications for prostate biopsy. The sensitivity of TRUS is superior to that of CT and MRI. New MRI techniques are promising with regard to local @entity5 extent. Whereas CT and MRI are not useful in screening of @entity1 , these methods are valuable diagnostic tools in the follow-up of @entity263 .

title: [The value of diagnostic imaging in XXXX and @entity263 ].

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of jejunostomy during esophagectomy for @entity5 on postoperative health-related quality of life (HRQL). METHODS: We evaluate all consecutive @entity1 who underwent esophagectomy for @entity5 at the surgical oncology unit of the Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS) between January 2008 and March 2014. The primary outcome was HRQL, which was assessed using nine scales of EORTC C30 and OES18 questionnaires. General linear models were estimated to evaluate mean score difference (MD) of each selected scale in @entity1 with and without jejunostomy, adjusting for clinically relevant confounders. The secondary outcomes were morbidity, hospital stay, postoperative @entity353 . RESULTS: Jejunostomy was performed in 40 on 109 @entity1 (41.3%) who participated in quality of life investigation. A clinically and statistically significantly worse eating at admission (P=0.009) became not clinically significant at 3 months after surgery (MD =9.1). Jejunostomy was associated to clinically and statistically significantly poorer emotional function (EF) at 3 months after surgery (MD =-15.6; P=0.04). Hospital stay was longer in jejunostomy group (median, 20 vs. 17 days, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In our series @entity1 who had a jejunostomy during esophagectomy had been selected for their risk for @entity260 . However, their postoperative outcome was actually similar compared to those without jejunostomy. Nevertheless, jejunostomy was associated to clinically and statistically significantly poorer EF at 3 months after surgery. Therefore, @entity1 candidate to esophagectomy and feeding jejunostomy should receive additional psychological support.

title: Impact of jejunostomy during esophagectomy for XXXX on health related quality of life.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss and postoperative albumin impairment']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the results of vitrectomy in @entity6 and to check whether systematic intra- and/or @entity86 is necessary in most cases. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 108 @entity1 records (137 eyes) of vitrectomy performed for complications of @entity6 between 1982 and 2000. Fifty-eight percent of the @entity1 were @entity1 . The average age was 44 years. Sixty percent of the @entity1 presented with @entity1723 . Only 39% of the eyes had complete preoperative panretinal photocoagulation. Preoperative visual acuity was lower than 2/200 in 81% of eyes, 27% presenting initially with traction @entity1713 involving the macula. The surgical technique used was segmentation-delamination. Endodiathermy was necessary in 45% of the eyes and intraoperative photocoagulation was not performed. @entity86 was carried out in only 9% of the eyes. RESULTS: Results were analyzed with an average follow-up of 66 months. Anatomical success was obtained in 69% of the eyes, with 55% visual improvement. These results were unchanging at long-term follow-up in 95% of the eyes studied. @entity937 were observed in 8% of the eyes. @entity260 were dominated by single (8%) or recurrent @entity548 (8%). The rate of postoperative @entity2297 was approximately 5%. These results are similar to the rates reported by other authors using intraoperative endophotocoagulation. CONCLUSION: Intra- and/or @entity86 should not be systematic but reserved for management of @entity937 and also for extensive panretinal photocoagulation in recurrent @entity548 .

title: [Should associated intraoperative and/or XXXX be systematic during or after vitrectomy for @entity6 ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic retinal breaks', 'Iatrogenic retinal breaks']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 1']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complementary photocoagulation', 'postoperative photocoagulation']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative photocoagulation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the results of vitrectomy in @entity6 and to check whether systematic intra- and/or @entity86 is necessary in most cases. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 108 @entity1 records (137 eyes) of vitrectomy performed for complications of @entity6 between 1982 and 2000. Fifty-eight percent of the @entity1 were @entity1 . The average age was 44 years. Sixty percent of the @entity1 presented with @entity1723 . Only 39% of the eyes had complete preoperative panretinal photocoagulation. Preoperative visual acuity was lower than 2/200 in 81% of eyes, 27% presenting initially with traction @entity1713 involving the macula. The surgical technique used was segmentation-delamination. Endodiathermy was necessary in 45% of the eyes and intraoperative photocoagulation was not performed. @entity86 was carried out in only 9% of the eyes. RESULTS: Results were analyzed with an average follow-up of 66 months. Anatomical success was obtained in 69% of the eyes, with 55% visual improvement. These results were unchanging at long-term follow-up in 95% of the eyes studied. @entity937 were observed in 8% of the eyes. @entity260 were dominated by single (8%) or recurrent @entity548 (8%). The rate of postoperative @entity2297 was approximately 5%. These results are similar to the rates reported by other authors using intraoperative endophotocoagulation. CONCLUSION: Intra- and/or @entity86 should not be systematic but reserved for management of @entity937 and also for extensive panretinal photocoagulation in recurrent @entity548 .

title: [Should associated intraoperative and/or @entity86 be systematic during or after vitrectomy for XXXX ?].

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['proliferative diabetic vitreoretinopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Selective management has been the standard management protocol in penetrating @entity9389 (PNIs) since this approach has significantly reduced unnecessary neck exploration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate outcomes of selective management in PNIs using the "no zone" approach, in which the management is guided mainly by clinical signs and symptoms, not the location of the neck wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in @entity1 treated for PNIs at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH) from January 2003 to December 2013. The @entity1 with hard signs of @entity9389 (i.e., active @entity548 , significant haematoma, massive @entity9285 , and air bubbling through the neck wound) underwent emergency neck exploration. The asymptomatic @entity1 and the @entity1 with soft signs (other symptoms) were considered to be candidates for selective management. Data collection included demographic data, emergency department parameters, details of @entity9389 , and outcomes in terms of mortality, negative exploration rate, and missed injury rate. RESULTS: Eighty-six PNI @entity1 were treated at KCMH from 2003 to 2013, 64 of which sustained stab wounds, 12 gunshot wounds, 4 shotgun wounds, and 6 other causes. Thirty-six @entity1 presenting with hard signs underwent immediate neck exploration and there were 2 negative explorations. Twenty-six @entity1 with soft signs underwent selective investigations (including computed tomographic angiography in 21 @entity1 ), 5 @entity1 required neck explorations due to positive results of the investigations with one negative exploration. All of the twenty-four asymptomatic @entity1 were managed with close observation, none required subsequent neck exploration. There was no missed injury found in the present study. Successful non-operative management was carried out in 45 @entity1 (52%). The overall negative exploration rate was 7% (3 in 41 @entity1 undergoing neck exploration). Two @entity1 with hard signs died from associated @entity764 (mortality rate 2%). CONCLUSION: Selective management of penetrating @entity9389 based on physical examination and selective use of investigations (no zone approach) is safe and simple with low negative exploration rate and no missed injury.

title: Selective management of penetrating XXXX using "no zone" approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity9389 :: ('MESH:D019838', 'Disease') :: ['neck injuries', 'neck injury']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injuries']

answer: @entity9389 :: (MESH:D019838,Disease) :: ['neck injuries']


abstract: Herein we report the clinicopathological features of four cases of @entity358 that appeared at our institution during a period of 30 years. The @entity1 , 2 males and 2 females, were 50-62 years old. @entity5 was found in the pulmonary trunk and right pulmonary artery in all cases, in the @entity358 in three of the four cases, and in the right ventricular outflow tract in one case. There was direct extension or metastases to the lungs in two cases, the heart in one case, mediastinum or lymph nodes in two cases and the pleura in one case. Ultrastructural examination in one case revealed cells with features of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts. Immunohistochemical examination of three cases gave the following results: @entity2277 and smooth muscle specific actin was positive in all three cases, @entity2283 in one case and cytokeratin in one case. No positivity was found for Factor VIII. This and other studies indicate that histologically most pulmonary @entity242 are @entity1822 or "undifferentiated @entity242 ". Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations favour an origin from myofibroblasts, probably derived from multipotent (undifferentiated) cells in the wall of the vessel. Most lesions show extensive intrathoracic growth although they rarely metastasize outside the thoracic cavity. They have a poor prognosis although some cases are currently being diagnosed during life.

title: XXXX : report of four cases with electron microscopic and immunohistochemical examinations, and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['artery sarcomas', 'spindle cell sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery sarcoma', 'pulmonary valve and left pulmonary artery']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Sarcoma of the pulmonary artery']


abstract: Shigella species are a common cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and the disease is characterized by seasonality. Shigella has been encountered by widespread resistance to commonly used antibiotics which is a serious concern. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological relatedness of Shigella strains isolated from @entity1 during one year period by @entity20297 method and to investigate antimicrobial resistance determinants and cassettes among Shigella species. The occurrence of Shigella spp. in the present study was 1.32% during the study period and the majority of cases (56 (80%)) were occurred during autumn while @entity14344 was the most prevalent species identified. Multi-drug resistance phenotype was seen in 98.5% of total isolates with SXT(r)/TE(r)/TMP(r) resistance pattern. Among the 70 Shigella spp. analyzed in this study, 16 isolates were positive for class I integron (int1(+)) with two types of gene cassette arrays (dfrA17/aadA5 and dfrA7).The class 2 integron was more frequently detected among the isolates (85.71%) with dfrA1/sat1/aadA1 (10%) and dfrA1/sat1 (75.71%) gene cassettes. The tetA and tetB determinants were observed in 75.7% and 21.42% of Shigella isolates and tet(A) was the foremost in @entity14344 and @entity14341 population. In this study 5 tetracycline resistant isolates had no tetracycline resistance gene (A-D) and no association was recognized between the value of MIC against tetracycline and the tet genes content of isolates. Fifty three of total Shigella isolates (75.7%) showed an identical @entity20297 patterns. Seven @entity20297 clusters observed in our study were composed of members with one to three band variations, which is indicative of closely related isolates. The major cluster (cluster C) constituted 75.7% of total isolates, all of which (except eight isolates) consonantly showed identical class 2 integron of 1500 bp which strongly suggests the dissemination of a single @entity14344 clone among the pediatric population in 2012 autumn in Tehran, Iran, in comparison with the equal data from the comparable time period from recent years.

title: Clonal dissemination of a single XXXX among Iranian @entity1 during Fall 2012 in Tehran, I.R. Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity14344 :: ('624', 'Species') :: ['Shigella sonnei', 'S. sonnei']

entities_list: @entity14341 :: ('623', 'Species') :: ['Shigella flexneri']

answer: @entity14344 :: (624,Species) :: ['Shigella sonnei strain']


abstract: Shigella species are a common cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and the disease is characterized by seasonality. Shigella has been encountered by widespread resistance to commonly used antibiotics which is a serious concern. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological relatedness of Shigella strains isolated from @entity1 during one year period by @entity20297 method and to investigate antimicrobial resistance determinants and cassettes among Shigella species. The occurrence of Shigella spp. in the present study was 1.32% during the study period and the majority of cases (56 (80%)) were occurred during autumn while @entity14344 was the most prevalent species identified. Multi-drug resistance phenotype was seen in 98.5% of total isolates with SXT(r)/TE(r)/TMP(r) resistance pattern. Among the 70 Shigella spp. analyzed in this study, 16 isolates were positive for class I integron (int1(+)) with two types of gene cassette arrays (dfrA17/aadA5 and dfrA7).The class 2 integron was more frequently detected among the isolates (85.71%) with dfrA1/sat1/aadA1 (10%) and dfrA1/sat1 (75.71%) gene cassettes. The tetA and tetB determinants were observed in 75.7% and 21.42% of Shigella isolates and tet(A) was the foremost in @entity14344 and @entity14341 population. In this study 5 tetracycline resistant isolates had no tetracycline resistance gene (A-D) and no association was recognized between the value of MIC against tetracycline and the tet genes content of isolates. Fifty three of total Shigella isolates (75.7%) showed an identical @entity20297 patterns. Seven @entity20297 clusters observed in our study were composed of members with one to three band variations, which is indicative of closely related isolates. The major cluster (cluster C) constituted 75.7% of total isolates, all of which (except eight isolates) consonantly showed identical class 2 integron of 1500 bp which strongly suggests the dissemination of a single @entity14344 clone among the pediatric population in 2012 autumn in Tehran, Iran, in comparison with the equal data from the comparable time period from recent years.

title: Clonal dissemination of a single @entity14344 among Iranian XXXX during Fall 2012 in Tehran, I.R. Iran.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated how the flexural strength and @entity174 behavior of a zirconia-based ceramic (Y-TZP) were affected by pre- and post-sintering mechanical and thermal treatments. METHODS: Treatments included sandblasting with different particle size and type (30 m @entity3758 ; 50 and 110 m @entity16773 ) and thermal conditioning. Two hundred bar-shaped specimens of pre-sintered Y-TZP ceramic (Lava Frame, 3M) were prepared (specimen dimensions: 25mm length*4mm width*0.7mm thickness) and divided into three groups (before sintering, after sintering and after sintering with heating treatment). The before sintering group specimens were airborne-particle abraded prior to dense sintering. Specimens from the after sintering group were airborne-particle abraded after sintering. The after sintering with heating treatment group specimens were submitted to a heating procedure after airborne-particle abrasion. The controls were the specimens that were sintered and not treated with any conditioning procedures. The specimens from all experimental conditions were analyzed by SEM, CLSM and XRD. All specimens were tested in four-point bending. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc tests (a=0.05). A Weibull analysis was used to analyze the strength reliability. RESULTS: Sandblasting pre-sintered zirconia before sintering significantly decreased the flexural strength, except when the smallest blasting particles were used (30 m @entity3758 ). Phase transformation (t-m) was observed after sandblasting and reverse transformation (m-t) was observed after heating. SIGNIFICANCE: Sandblasting with 30 m @entity3758 and 50 m @entity16773 allowed lower phase transformation. However, 30mm @entity3758 presented better reliability.

title: The effect of air-abrasion and heat treatment on the XXXX behavior of Y-TZP.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8 is treated with nephropexy, a surgical procedure through which the floating kidney is fixed to the retroperitoneum. Although both open and endoscopic procedures have a high success rate, they can be associated with risk of complications, relatively long hospital stay and high cost. AIM: We describe our percutaneous technique for fixing @entity8 and evaluate the efficacy of the percutaneous nephrostomy insertion in management of symptomatic nephroptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 2005 and December 2011, 11 @entity1 diagnosed with a symptomatic right nephroptosis of at least 1 year duration were treated with a single point percutaneous nephrostomy technique. All data were retrieved from @entity1 ' medical records and then retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Nephropexy through a single point percutaneous nephrostomy technique was successfully accomplished in 11 @entity1 . The mean operative time was 20 min. The intraoperative estimated @entity190 was minimal in all cases. No major or @entity3816 were noted. The average postoperative hospital stay was 2 days. @entity1 returned to their usual activities 14 days following the surgery. Nine @entity1 had complete resolution of their @entity158 , and 2 @entity1 continued to complain of discomfort in their lumbar area. One @entity1 was re-operated upon with satisfactory subjective and objective outcomes achieved. One @entity1 refused re-operation. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous nephropexy is simple, inexpensive and effective for treatment of @entity8 . It remains a valuable alternative to open, laparoscopic, and robotic methods for fixing a floating kidney.

title: Percutaneous nephrostomy for XXXX : a single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Symptomatic hypermobile kidney', 'symptomatic hypermobile kidney', 'a hypermobile kidney']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['minor intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['symptomatic hypermobile kidney']


abstract: @entity731 contain multiple cell types including smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes. The development of an extralymphatic T lymphocyte focus of @entity32 in this condition requires chemoattractant-induced cell migration and growth factor-induced cell activation. In a previous study, we described a novel 13-15-kDa T lymphocyte-specific chemotactic cytokine, @entity1619 ( @entity1619 ), secreted by @entity750 -stimulated @entity291 aortic endothelial cells that is distinct from previously identified endothelial cell-derived interleukins (IL) 1, 6, and 8. Because of the association between T lymphocyte chemotactic and growth factor activity, in the current study we investigated the effect of @entity1619 on T cell growth. We assessed its capacity to induce markers of the passage of T cells from the resting (G0) state into the G1 phase of the cell cycle, such as receptors for @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) and @entity69 ( @entity69 ) and class II major histocompatibility complex antigens (HLA-DR). Incubation of G0 freshly isolated @entity1 T lymphocytes for 48 h with chromatographically resolved, partially purified @entity1619 resulted in a threefold increase in expression of the @entity2902 subunit of @entity2902 , a threefold increase in @entity69 , and a twofold increase in HLA-DR. Passage into the G1 phase of the cell cycle was confirmed by cell cycle analysis employing @entity9186 . Evaluation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets by double-antibody labeling demonstrated that the @entity2902 subunit of @entity2902 was induced in both T cell subsets. Although incubation of @entity1 T cells with @entity1619 alone did not induce proliferation, addition of exogenous @entity2902 to T cells pulsed with @entity1619 for 24 h caused a proliferative response with a stimulation index of 3. By up-regulating functional cell surface receptors for @entity2902 , @entity1619 is a competence growth factor for T lymphocytes and primes them to respond to @entity2902 . By virtue of its effect on T cells, as a chemotactic and competence factor, this endothelial cell-derived mitoattractant could participate with other T cell growth factors like @entity2902 in the recruitment and amplification of the extralymphatic T cell component of @entity731 .

title: XXXX -stimulated aortic endothelial cells secrete a novel T lymphocyte chemotactic and growth factor.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['ED-LCA', 'endothelial cell-derived lymphocyte chemoattractant activity']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic lesions', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity9186 :: ('MESH:D000165', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine orange']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total elbow arthroplasty is an established option for the primary treatment of @entity174 , but there are sparse data regarding @entity14228 ( @entity14228 ) as an alternative. We present the outcome of @entity14228 performed with a modular anatomic prosthesis and a "triceps-on" surgical technique. METHODS: Eighteen consecutive @entity1 underwent @entity14228 for an acute @entity174 . Two @entity1 died, leaving a study group of 16 @entity1 with minimum 2-year follow-up. Clinical evaluation included range of motion; Mayo Elbow Performance Score; Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score; and Oxford Elbow Score. Radiographic assessment looked at alignment, evidence of loosening, ulnar and radial head wear, @entity2736 , and whether healing of the condyles had occurred. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 35  months (24-79  months). The mean scores were as follows: Mayo Elbow Performance Score, 89.6; shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score, 11.2; and Oxford Elbow Score, 43.7. The mean flexion and pronation-supination arcs were 116   and 172   respectively. Radial head wear was absent in 13 @entity1 and mild in 3. Ulnar wear was absent in 6 @entity1 , mild in 8, and moderate in 2. Wear was not associated with @entity158 or inferior functional scores. There was no sign of @entity1349 , and complete condylar bone union occurred in 15 elbows. There was 1 complication, a transient @entity3165 that resolved without intervention. CONCLUSION: @entity14228 with a modular anatomic implant using a triceps-on approach is a reliable technique for the management of acute unreconstructible @entity174 in older @entity1 .

title: Elbow hemiarthroplasty using a "triceps-on" approach for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar nerve neurapraxia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal humeral fractures', 'fracture', 'acute distal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['elbow hemiarthroplasty', 'EHA']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['greater pain']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['acute distal humeral fractures']


abstract: RATIONALE: b2-Agonists are the most common form of treatment of @entity565 , but there is significant variability in response to these medications. A significant proportion of this responsiveness may be heritable. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether a genome-wide association study (GWAS) could identify novel pharmacogenetic loci in @entity565 . METHODS: We performed a GWAS of acute bronchodilator response (BDR) to inhaled b2-agonists. A total of 444,088 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined in 724 individuals from the SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) Asthma Resource Project ( @entity3834 ). The top 50 SNPs were carried forward to replication in a population of 444 individuals. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The combined P value for four SNPs reached statistical genome-wide significance aftercorrecting for multiple comparisons. Combined P values for @entity71371 , @entity71372 , @entity71373 , and @entity71374 were 2.21   *   10(-10), 5.75   *   10(-8), 9.3   *   10(-8), and 3.95   *   10(-8), respectively. The significant variants all map to a novel genetic region on chromosome 2 near the @entity71375 gene, a region associated with smooth muscle proliferation. As compared with the wild type, the presence of the minor alleles reduced the degree of BDR by 20% in the original population and by a similar percentage in the confirmatory population. CONCLUSIONS: These GWAS findings for BDR in subjects with @entity565 suggest that a gene associated with smooth muscle proliferation may influence a proportion of the smooth muscle relaxation that occurs in @entity565 .

title: Genome-wide association study of short-acting b2-agonists. A novel genome-wide significant locus on chromosome 2 near XXXX .

answer: @entity71375 :: (51130,Gene) :: ['ASB3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied transplacental passage of @entity2812 ( @entity71376 ; LTG) using an ex vivo @entity1 placental perfusion method and in in vivo samples. METHODS: Term placentas from healthy mothers without medications were perfused in a recirculating dual perfusion system. LTG (2.5 microg/ml, n=4; 10 microg/ml, n=4) and reference compound @entity4591 (100 microg/ml) were added into the maternal circulation. The disappearance of drugs from the maternal circulation and appearance into the foetal circulation was followed every 15 min up to 2 h. Drug concentrations were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition to @entity1 placental perfusions, we analysed LTG concentrations in maternal vein and cord blood samples after delivery from two @entity302 mothers receiving LTG therapy during pregnancy. RESULTS: LTG was detectable in the foetal circulation at 15 min in all of the perfusions, indicating rapid transfer. Maternal and foetal concentrations reached equilibrium at 60 min with both concentrations used. The feto-maternal ratio was 1.26+/-0.20 with 10 microg/ml LTG and 0.83+/-0.41 with 2.5 microg/ml LTG at the end of the perfusion. The transfer of LTG from the maternal to the foetal compartment at 120 min was 28.9+/-10.7% with 2.5 microg/ml LTG and 37.8+/-3.2% with 10 microg/ml LTG (p>0.05). In the serum samples from @entity302 mothers, the cord blood maternal concentration ratio was 1.02 in one pair and 1.55 in the other. CONCLUSIONS: LTG crossed the placenta easily and rapidly, indicating that the maternal treatment leads to a considerable foetal exposure.

title: Transplacental passage of XXXX in a @entity1 placental perfusion system in vitro and in maternal and cord blood in vivo.

entities_list: @entity71376 :: ('CHEBI:6367', 'Chemical') :: ['3,5-diamino-6-[2,3-dichlorophenyl]-1,2,4-triazine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity4591 :: ('MESH:D000983', 'Chemical') :: ['antipyrine']

answer: @entity2812 :: (MESH:C047781,Chemical) :: ['lamotrigine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied transplacental passage of @entity2812 ( @entity71376 ; LTG) using an ex vivo @entity1 placental perfusion method and in in vivo samples. METHODS: Term placentas from healthy mothers without medications were perfused in a recirculating dual perfusion system. LTG (2.5 microg/ml, n=4; 10 microg/ml, n=4) and reference compound @entity4591 (100 microg/ml) were added into the maternal circulation. The disappearance of drugs from the maternal circulation and appearance into the foetal circulation was followed every 15 min up to 2 h. Drug concentrations were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition to @entity1 placental perfusions, we analysed LTG concentrations in maternal vein and cord blood samples after delivery from two @entity302 mothers receiving LTG therapy during pregnancy. RESULTS: LTG was detectable in the foetal circulation at 15 min in all of the perfusions, indicating rapid transfer. Maternal and foetal concentrations reached equilibrium at 60 min with both concentrations used. The feto-maternal ratio was 1.26+/-0.20 with 10 microg/ml LTG and 0.83+/-0.41 with 2.5 microg/ml LTG at the end of the perfusion. The transfer of LTG from the maternal to the foetal compartment at 120 min was 28.9+/-10.7% with 2.5 microg/ml LTG and 37.8+/-3.2% with 10 microg/ml LTG (p>0.05). In the serum samples from @entity302 mothers, the cord blood maternal concentration ratio was 1.02 in one pair and 1.55 in the other. CONCLUSIONS: LTG crossed the placenta easily and rapidly, indicating that the maternal treatment leads to a considerable foetal exposure.

title: Transplacental passage of @entity2812 in a XXXX placental perfusion system in vitro and in maternal and cord blood in vivo.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background : Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising therapy for cardiac repair. However, the efficacy is limited by the poor viability of MSCs in the infarcted heart. Recent findings have implicated that @entity1481 ( @entity2904 ) enhanced the survival of the stem cells under various conditions. However, as the stem cells in these studies were animal-derived, little information is available about the effects of @entity2904 on @entity1 MSCs. Herein, we propose that @entity2904 may protect @entity1 MSCs against apoptosis induced by @entity519 /Serum deprivation (H/SD). Methods: @entity1 umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) from Wharton's jelly were pretreated with 10  M @entity2904 of H/SD with or without the @entity584 inhibitor @entity2306 . The morphological changes were assessed using Hoechst 33342. Apoptosis was evaluated via @entity4404 /PI staining; and apoptosis-related proteins were detected using Western-blot. Protein chip technology was used to screen for differences between the cell supernatants. Results : @entity2904 had a significant protective effect against H/SD-induced apoptosis, accompanied by an increase in @entity588 and p- @entity584 . The @entity2904 -mediated anti-apoptotic effect on MSCs could be attenuated by treatment with @entity2306 . Moreover, protein chip assays showed that @entity2904 treatment increased the paracrine functions of MSCs. Conclusion : @entity1481 protects @entity1 UC-MSCs from H/SD-induced apoptosis via the @entity584 pathway and may therefore be a potentially useful therapeutic adjunct for transplanting MSCs into damaged heart after @entity583 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: @entity1481 Protects Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against XXXX and Serum Deprivation Induced Apoptosis by Activation of @entity584 .

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimetazidine', 'trimetazidine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background : Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising therapy for cardiac repair. However, the efficacy is limited by the poor viability of MSCs in the infarcted heart. Recent findings have implicated that @entity1481 ( @entity2904 ) enhanced the survival of the stem cells under various conditions. However, as the stem cells in these studies were animal-derived, little information is available about the effects of @entity2904 on @entity1 MSCs. Herein, we propose that @entity2904 may protect @entity1 MSCs against apoptosis induced by @entity519 /Serum deprivation (H/SD). Methods: @entity1 umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) from Wharton's jelly were pretreated with 10  M @entity2904 of H/SD with or without the @entity584 inhibitor @entity2306 . The morphological changes were assessed using Hoechst 33342. Apoptosis was evaluated via @entity4404 /PI staining; and apoptosis-related proteins were detected using Western-blot. Protein chip technology was used to screen for differences between the cell supernatants. Results : @entity2904 had a significant protective effect against H/SD-induced apoptosis, accompanied by an increase in @entity588 and p- @entity584 . The @entity2904 -mediated anti-apoptotic effect on MSCs could be attenuated by treatment with @entity2306 . Moreover, protein chip assays showed that @entity2904 treatment increased the paracrine functions of MSCs. Conclusion : @entity1481 protects @entity1 UC-MSCs from H/SD-induced apoptosis via the @entity584 pathway and may therefore be a potentially useful therapeutic adjunct for transplanting MSCs into damaged heart after @entity583 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: XXXX Protects Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against @entity519 and Serum Deprivation Induced Apoptosis by Activation of @entity584 .

answer: @entity1481 :: (MESH:D014292,Chemical) :: ['Trimetazidine']