abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the role of dysfunction of @entity2631 ( @entity2631 ) of @entity22836 protein in the pathogenesis of @entity10244 . METHODS: Eukaryotic expression plasmid pCMV- @entity22836 -Flag was used as a template to generate mutant plasmid pCMV- @entity22836   @entity2631 -Flag by molecular cloning technique in order to design the mutagenic primers. The UACC903 cells were transfected transiently with @entity22836 and @entity22836   @entity2631 plasmids, and the luciferase activity assays were performed to determine their impact on the transcriptional activities of target gene @entity22835 ( @entity22835 ). The oligonucleotide 5'-GAACGAAGAAGAAGATTT-3' was subcloned into pEGFP-N1 to generate recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFP-N1- @entity22836 - @entity2631 . The NIH3T3 cells were transfected separately with @entity22836 , @entity22836   @entity2631 , pEGFP-N1 and pEGFP-N1- @entity2631 plasmids, and their subcellular distribution was observed by immunoflorescence assays. RESULTS: Expression plasmids for the mutant @entity22836   @entity2631 with loss of core @entity2631 sequence and pEGFP-N1- @entity2631 coupled with @entity22836   @entity2631 were successfully generated. Compared with the wild-type @entity22836 , @entity22836   @entity2631 was not able to transactivate the transcriptional activities of promoter @entity22835 and did not affect the normal function of @entity22836 . @entity22836   @entity2631 was only localized in the cytoplasm and pEGFP-N1 was found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas pEGFP-N1- @entity2631 was mainly located in the nucleus. CONCLUSION: This study has confirmed the localization function of @entity2631 sequence 213ERRRRF218 within the @entity22836 protein. Mutant @entity22836 with loss of @entity2631 has failed to transactivate the transcriptional activities of target gene @entity22835 , which can result in melanocyte defects and cause @entity3297 .

title: [Analysis of nuclear localization and signal function of XXXX protein predisposing to Warrdenburg syndrome].

entities_list: @entity10244 :: ('MESH:D014849', 'Disease') :: ['Waardenburg syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['NLS', 'nuclear localization signals']

answer: @entity22836 :: (17342(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MITF']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Embryonic skeletogenesis and post-natal bone development require the transfer of @entity460 from the mother to the offspring during pregnancy and lactation. Bone resorption in the mother thus becomes elevated during these periods, resulting in significant maternal skeletal loss. There follows an anabolic phase around weaning, during which there is a remarkable recovery of the maternal skeleton. However, the mechanism(s) of this anabolic response remains largely unknown. We identified 8 differentially expressed miRNAs by array profiling, of which miR-874-3p was highly expressed at weaning, a time when @entity604 was noted to recover. We report that this weaning-associated miRNA is an anabolic target. Thus, an agomir of miR-874-3p induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. These actions were mediated through the inhibition of @entity17029 expression and enhanced @entity8087 transcriptional activation. When injected in vivo, the agomir significantly increased osteoblastogenesis and mineralization, reversed @entity604 due to ovariectomy, and increased bone strength. We speculate that elevated miR-874-3p expression during weaning enhances bone formation, and that this miRNA may become a potentially exciting therapeutic target for conditions of @entity604 .

title: MicroRNA-874-3p Exerts Skeletal Anabolic Effects Epigenetically During Weaning by Suppressing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity17029 :: (3065,Gene) :: ['Hdac1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Different pathologies, like @entity4269 , @entity5 or @entity1569 , are associated with abnormal lymphatic vessel formation. Therefore, influencing lymphangiogenesis is an interesting target. Recent evidence suggests that @entity15626 ( @entity9104 ), an anti-psoriatic agent, might have anti-tumorigenic and anti-lymphangiogenic properties. To prove this assumption, we performed proliferation and functional assays with primary @entity1 dermal lymphendothelial cells (DLEC). We could demonstrated that @entity9104 suppresses DLEC proliferation and formation of capillary-like structures. Underlying apoptotic mechanisms could be ruled out. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated a pronounced G1-arrest. Further evaluations revealed increases in @entity994 expression. In addition, @entity9104 suppressed @entity4910 and @entity7596 expression in a concentration dependent manner. @entity994 knockdown experiments demonstrated a @entity994 -dependent mechanism of regulation. Further analysis showed an increased @entity994 mRNA expression after @entity9104 treatment. This transcriptional regulation was enforced by post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. In addition, we could demonstrate, that the combination of a proteasomal inhibitor and @entity9104 superinduced the @entity994 expression. Hence, @entity9104 is a new anti-lymphangiogenic compound and might be used in various illnesses associated with increased lymphangiogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity15626 effectively inhibits lymphangiogenesis via XXXX induction and G1 cell cycle arrest.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity15626 :: ('MESH:C056020', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylfumarate']

answer: @entity994 :: (1026,Gene) :: ['p21']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Different pathologies, like @entity4269 , @entity5 or @entity1569 , are associated with abnormal lymphatic vessel formation. Therefore, influencing lymphangiogenesis is an interesting target. Recent evidence suggests that @entity15626 ( @entity9104 ), an anti-psoriatic agent, might have anti-tumorigenic and anti-lymphangiogenic properties. To prove this assumption, we performed proliferation and functional assays with primary @entity1 dermal lymphendothelial cells (DLEC). We could demonstrated that @entity9104 suppresses DLEC proliferation and formation of capillary-like structures. Underlying apoptotic mechanisms could be ruled out. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated a pronounced G1-arrest. Further evaluations revealed increases in @entity994 expression. In addition, @entity9104 suppressed @entity4910 and @entity7596 expression in a concentration dependent manner. @entity994 knockdown experiments demonstrated a @entity994 -dependent mechanism of regulation. Further analysis showed an increased @entity994 mRNA expression after @entity9104 treatment. This transcriptional regulation was enforced by post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. In addition, we could demonstrate, that the combination of a proteasomal inhibitor and @entity9104 superinduced the @entity994 expression. Hence, @entity9104 is a new anti-lymphangiogenic compound and might be used in various illnesses associated with increased lymphangiogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX effectively inhibits lymphangiogenesis via @entity994 induction and G1 cell cycle arrest.

answer: @entity15626 :: (MESH:C056020,Chemical) :: ['Dimethylfumarate']


abstract: The objective of this study was to examine if individuals living near a @entity595 processing site have greater mutagenic damage, as measured by three mutagenicity assays, compared with subjects unexposed to any nuclear facilities. The design was a cross-sectional exploratory analysis of 112 subjects; 56 volunteer residents were from within a 5-mile radius of the Fernald @entity595 Processing site and 56 'control' subjects were from a geographically separate area unexposed to any known @entity595 emissions. The groups were constrained to be similar in age and sex composition. The main outcome measures were three @entity1 somatic gene mutation assays consisting of the @entity9996 T-lymphocyte cloning assay to measure @entity332 resistant lymphocytes; the @entity20807 assay to detect the loss of expression of the M or N allele; and the micronucleus assay as a marker of chromosomal damage. The results showed no statistically significant or quantitatively important differences between groups for all three mutagenicity assays; only the unselected cloning efficiency was statistically significantly different between groups (0.42 +/- 0.16 for the Fernald versus 0.35 +/- 0.12 for the comparison groups). In both groups, age was significantly related to @entity9996 mutant frequency, with a 1.25% rate of increase in mutant frequencies for each 1-year gain of age in the Fernald group and a 1.12% rate of increase in mutant frequencies for each 1-year gain of age in the comparison group. For the micronucleus data, females had a greater mean micronucleus frequency than males. In addition, smokers had an increased mean ln (natural logarithm) @entity9996 mutant frequency (3.06 +/- 0.14 for current smokers compared with a mean of 2.72 +/- 0.05 for non-current (i.e. never plus former) smokers). Our results are consistent with the previously reported association between sex type and micronucleus frequency, the known relationship between age and T-lymphocyte cloning efficiency and age and @entity9996 mutant frequency, and verify the wide inter-subject variability for the latter. Finally, we conclude that at a population level, the relationships between current cigarette use and @entity9996 mutant frequency, and sex type and micronucleus frequency, are stronger than is the association between geographic proximity to a @entity595 processing site and mutagenic abnormalities.

title: Do @entity1 living near a XXXX processing site have evidence of increased somatic cell gene mutations? A first study.

entities_list: @entity20807 :: ('MESH:D006021', 'Chemical') :: ['glycophorin A']

entities_list: @entity332 :: ('MESH:D013866', 'Chemical') :: ['6-thioguanine']

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['Uranium', 'uranium']

answer: @entity595 :: (MESH:D014501,Chemical) :: ['uranium']


abstract: The objective of this study was to examine if individuals living near a @entity595 processing site have greater mutagenic damage, as measured by three mutagenicity assays, compared with subjects unexposed to any nuclear facilities. The design was a cross-sectional exploratory analysis of 112 subjects; 56 volunteer residents were from within a 5-mile radius of the Fernald @entity595 Processing site and 56 'control' subjects were from a geographically separate area unexposed to any known @entity595 emissions. The groups were constrained to be similar in age and sex composition. The main outcome measures were three @entity1 somatic gene mutation assays consisting of the @entity9996 T-lymphocyte cloning assay to measure @entity332 resistant lymphocytes; the @entity20807 assay to detect the loss of expression of the M or N allele; and the micronucleus assay as a marker of chromosomal damage. The results showed no statistically significant or quantitatively important differences between groups for all three mutagenicity assays; only the unselected cloning efficiency was statistically significantly different between groups (0.42 +/- 0.16 for the Fernald versus 0.35 +/- 0.12 for the comparison groups). In both groups, age was significantly related to @entity9996 mutant frequency, with a 1.25% rate of increase in mutant frequencies for each 1-year gain of age in the Fernald group and a 1.12% rate of increase in mutant frequencies for each 1-year gain of age in the comparison group. For the micronucleus data, females had a greater mean micronucleus frequency than males. In addition, smokers had an increased mean ln (natural logarithm) @entity9996 mutant frequency (3.06 +/- 0.14 for current smokers compared with a mean of 2.72 +/- 0.05 for non-current (i.e. never plus former) smokers). Our results are consistent with the previously reported association between sex type and micronucleus frequency, the known relationship between age and T-lymphocyte cloning efficiency and age and @entity9996 mutant frequency, and verify the wide inter-subject variability for the latter. Finally, we conclude that at a population level, the relationships between current cigarette use and @entity9996 mutant frequency, and sex type and micronucleus frequency, are stronger than is the association between geographic proximity to a @entity595 processing site and mutagenic abnormalities.

title: Do XXXX living near a @entity595 processing site have evidence of increased somatic cell gene mutations? A first study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) and @entity8142 agonist treatment in type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) reduce blood @entity413 and food intake. It has been suggested that these effects are partly mediated through central @entity5445 receptors (GLP-1Rs). The rodent and nonhuman primate hypothalamus show clear @entity8142 expression. However, a detailed description of @entity8142 expression in the @entity1 hypothalamus is lacking, and it is unknown whether this expression is altered in T2DM @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the @entity8142 distribution in the @entity1 postmortem hypothalamus and to determine whether hypothalamic @entity8142 expression is altered in T2DM @entity1 . DESIGN: We investigated the distribution of @entity8142 expression throughout the @entity1 hypothalamus by means of in situ hybridization. We also performed quantifications of @entity8142 mRNA expression in two hypothalamic nuclei (ie, the paraventricular nucleus [PVN] and infundibular nucleus [IFN]), comparing @entity1 with T2DM and control subjects. RESULTS: We found that @entity8142 mRNA was expressed in a number of hypothalamic nuclei including the PVN and the IFN, both involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. We observed sporadic colocalization of the @entity8142 in the IFN with the orgexigenic neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, or proopiomelanocortin transcripts. Comparison of @entity8142 mRNA in the PVN and IFN between T2DM @entity1 and control subjects revealed a decreased expression in T2DM @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our studies show that @entity8142 is widely expressed throughout the @entity1 hypothalamus. The decreased expression of @entity8142 in the PVN and IFN of T2DM @entity1 may be related to the dysregulation of feeding behavior and @entity413 homeostasis in T2DM.

title: Decreased Hypothalamic XXXX Receptor Expression in Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity5445 :: (2641,Gene) :: ['Glucagon-Like Peptide-1']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) and @entity8142 agonist treatment in type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) reduce blood @entity413 and food intake. It has been suggested that these effects are partly mediated through central @entity5445 receptors (GLP-1Rs). The rodent and nonhuman primate hypothalamus show clear @entity8142 expression. However, a detailed description of @entity8142 expression in the @entity1 hypothalamus is lacking, and it is unknown whether this expression is altered in T2DM @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the @entity8142 distribution in the @entity1 postmortem hypothalamus and to determine whether hypothalamic @entity8142 expression is altered in T2DM @entity1 . DESIGN: We investigated the distribution of @entity8142 expression throughout the @entity1 hypothalamus by means of in situ hybridization. We also performed quantifications of @entity8142 mRNA expression in two hypothalamic nuclei (ie, the paraventricular nucleus [PVN] and infundibular nucleus [IFN]), comparing @entity1 with T2DM and control subjects. RESULTS: We found that @entity8142 mRNA was expressed in a number of hypothalamic nuclei including the PVN and the IFN, both involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. We observed sporadic colocalization of the @entity8142 in the IFN with the orgexigenic neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, or proopiomelanocortin transcripts. Comparison of @entity8142 mRNA in the PVN and IFN between T2DM @entity1 and control subjects revealed a decreased expression in T2DM @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our studies show that @entity8142 is widely expressed throughout the @entity1 hypothalamus. The decreased expression of @entity8142 in the PVN and IFN of T2DM @entity1 may be related to the dysregulation of feeding behavior and @entity413 homeostasis in T2DM.

title: Decreased Hypothalamic @entity5445 Receptor Expression in Type 2 XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) and @entity8142 agonist treatment in type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) reduce blood @entity413 and food intake. It has been suggested that these effects are partly mediated through central @entity5445 receptors (GLP-1Rs). The rodent and nonhuman primate hypothalamus show clear @entity8142 expression. However, a detailed description of @entity8142 expression in the @entity1 hypothalamus is lacking, and it is unknown whether this expression is altered in T2DM @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the @entity8142 distribution in the @entity1 postmortem hypothalamus and to determine whether hypothalamic @entity8142 expression is altered in T2DM @entity1 . DESIGN: We investigated the distribution of @entity8142 expression throughout the @entity1 hypothalamus by means of in situ hybridization. We also performed quantifications of @entity8142 mRNA expression in two hypothalamic nuclei (ie, the paraventricular nucleus [PVN] and infundibular nucleus [IFN]), comparing @entity1 with T2DM and control subjects. RESULTS: We found that @entity8142 mRNA was expressed in a number of hypothalamic nuclei including the PVN and the IFN, both involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. We observed sporadic colocalization of the @entity8142 in the IFN with the orgexigenic neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, or proopiomelanocortin transcripts. Comparison of @entity8142 mRNA in the PVN and IFN between T2DM @entity1 and control subjects revealed a decreased expression in T2DM @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our studies show that @entity8142 is widely expressed throughout the @entity1 hypothalamus. The decreased expression of @entity8142 in the PVN and IFN of T2DM @entity1 may be related to the dysregulation of feeding behavior and @entity413 homeostasis in T2DM.

title: Decreased Hypothalamic @entity5445 Receptor Expression in Type 2 @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic evidence of associations between the high intake of fat and low intake of dietary fiber, beta carotene, and other dietary constituents and the risk of @entity14 has been inconsistent and has not provided a sufficient basis for recommendations concerning the dietary prevention of @entity5 in @entity1 . PURPOSE: We conducted a clinical trial to assess the effects on the incidence of @entity652 of reducing dietary fat to 25% of total calories and supplementing the diet with 25 g of @entity3505 bran daily and a capsule of @entity2066 (20 mg daily). METHODS: We performed a randomized, partially double-blinded, placebo-controlled factorial trial in which half the @entity1 were assigned to each intervention, resulting in seven intervention groups and one control group. Eligibility criteria included histologic confirmation of at least one @entity2513 and confidence expressed by the colonoscopist that all @entity1127 had been removed. Dietary changes were individually initiated and monitored by dietitians and research nurses. At surveillance colonoscopy, the size and location of all @entity1127 were recorded, and their histology was later centrally reviewed. Among 424 @entity1 who were randomly assigned in the trial, 13 were found to be ineligible upon histologic review. Among the remaining 411, complete outcome data were collected from 390 at 24 months and from 306 at 48 months. All P values are from two-sided tests of statistical significance. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant prevention of total new @entity652 with any of the interventions. We found a statistically non-significant reduced risk of large @entity652 (> or = 10 mm) with the low-fat intervention: At 24 months, the odds ratio (OR) adjusted for potential confounders = 0.4 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1-1.1; at 48 months, OR = 0.3 and 95% CI = 0.1-1.0. Less and statistically nonsignificant reductions in the risk of large @entity652 were found with @entity3505 bran: At 24 months, OR = 0.8 and 95% CI = 0.3-2.2; at 48 months, OR = 0.8 and 95% CI = 0.3-2.5. @entity1 on the combined intervention of low fat and added @entity3505 bran had zero large @entity652 at both 24 and 48 months, a statistically significant finding (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Because only small numbers of @entity1 were studied, our finding that the combination of fat reduction and a supplement of @entity3505 bran reduced the incidence of large @entity652 in this randomized, controlled trial must be treated with caution. The results do suggest, however, that these interventions may reduce the transition from smaller to larger @entity652 , a step that may critically define those @entity652 most likely to progress to @entity5 .

title: Randomized trial of intake of fat, fiber, and beta carotene to prevent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta carotene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['large-bowel cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: Abdominal wall disruption following blunt @entity130 is a rare but challenging injury, both in the acute and convalescent phases. The present report describes the recent experience with this injury at a single adult @entity130 center. In a 22-month period, nine @entity1 with traumatic abdominal wall disruption were managed. Flank and anteroinferior abdominal wall defects were most common. Associated injuries included 6 @entity1 with a pelvic @entity174 and 4 @entity1 with @entity130 . Immediate primary repair of the defect was attempted in seven cases at the time of @entity130 laparotomy, but was difficult and often unsuccessful because of the related tissue destruction. Delayed abdominal wall repair was performed in @entity1 with symptomatic disability (n = 5) and, if required, restoration of intestinal continuity was performed at a separate operation before abdominal wall repair. Delayed repair with autogenous tissue included the use of @entity392 , rectus femoris muscle, @entity2896 , and latissimus dorsi muscle. Reconstruction with prosthetic mesh was required in two @entity1 . One early and one late recurrence occurred, resulting in reoperation. In conclusion, traumatic abdominal wall disruption represents a complex challenge for both general and plastic surgeons. The key to successful surgical management seems to be a delayed staged repair with autogenous tissue when feasible.

title: Surgical management of abdominal wall disruption after blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['rectus abdominis fascia']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tensor fascia lata']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['rectosigmoid injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: MATERIALS: Between 1987 and 1991, 114 fresh tibial shaft @entity174 with @entity3145 , which met the inclusion criteria, were treated and retrospectively reviewed. There were 48 cases in the unreamed nail ( @entity5806 ( @entity5806 )) group and 66 cases in the external fixation (EF) group. METHODS: Soft tissue injury was classified by the Gustilo and Tscherne methods. There were 18 AO type A, 56 type B, and 40 type C @entity174 . There were no significant difference in fracture type, soft tissue injury, age, and additional injury between the groups. Outcome was assessed using the Karlstr  m score after 28 months. RESULTS: There were a significantly higher number of reoperations in the EF group. Mean time to bony healing was 25.8 weeks. In the EF group, there was a 26% rate of pin tract infection, whereas 19% of cases had bolt breakages in the @entity5806 group. In the @entity5806 group, 40% had good results, compared with 27% in the EF group. In the @entity5806 group, there were significantly fewer ante- and recurvatum deformities of more than five degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity174 by @entity5806 , compared with EF, gave a lower reoperation rate and better functional outcome.

title: Outcome of tibial shaft XXXX with @entity3145 treated by unreamed nailing versus external fixation.

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['unreamed tibial nail', 'UTN']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial fractures']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['severe soft tissue injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: MATERIALS: Between 1987 and 1991, 114 fresh tibial shaft @entity174 with @entity3145 , which met the inclusion criteria, were treated and retrospectively reviewed. There were 48 cases in the unreamed nail ( @entity5806 ( @entity5806 )) group and 66 cases in the external fixation (EF) group. METHODS: Soft tissue injury was classified by the Gustilo and Tscherne methods. There were 18 AO type A, 56 type B, and 40 type C @entity174 . There were no significant difference in fracture type, soft tissue injury, age, and additional injury between the groups. Outcome was assessed using the Karlstr  m score after 28 months. RESULTS: There were a significantly higher number of reoperations in the EF group. Mean time to bony healing was 25.8 weeks. In the EF group, there was a 26% rate of pin tract infection, whereas 19% of cases had bolt breakages in the @entity5806 group. In the @entity5806 group, 40% had good results, compared with 27% in the EF group. In the @entity5806 group, there were significantly fewer ante- and recurvatum deformities of more than five degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity174 by @entity5806 , compared with EF, gave a lower reoperation rate and better functional outcome.

title: Outcome of tibial shaft @entity174 with XXXX treated by unreamed nailing versus external fixation.

answer: @entity3145 :: (MESH:D017695,Disease) :: ['severe soft tissue injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) intra- and inter-individual variability was previously reported, but its magnitude is still considered negligible for @entity1 management. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate inter- and intra-individual variability in real-world @entity955 @entity1 on @entity3926 , @entity3925 or @entity5424 in four Italian anticoagulation clinics and to assess the correlation between DOAC plasma concentration and @entity1011 -clearance ( @entity35105 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 330 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled, of which 160 were on @entity3926 (70 and 90 taking 150mg or 110mg twice-daily, respectively), 71 on @entity3925 (37 and 34 taking 20mg or 15mg once-daily) and 99 on @entity5424 (73 and 26 taking 5mg or 2.5mg twice-daily). Blood was taken at trough and peak within the first month (15-25days) of treatment. Diluted-thrombin-time (dTT) calibrated for @entity3926 and anti- @entity6236 calibrated for @entity3925 or @entity5424 was performed. RESULTS: Mean inter-individual variability expressed as overall CV values for all drugs was lower at peak (CV=46%) than at trough (CV=63%). Mean CV% intra-individual variability was 36.6% at trough and 34.0% at peak. Correlation with @entity35105 was poor for all drugs and only @entity3926 at trough showed a significant correlation. CONCLUSION: This multicenter study confirms high DOAC inter-individual variability that cannot be explained by the rate of renal clearance to which the three DOAC were subjected since the correlation with @entity35105 was relatively poor. This poor correlation suggests caution in using @entity35105 as the sole laboratory parameter to indirectly evaluate residual circulating DOAC.

title: Plasma levels of direct oral anticoagulants in real life @entity1 with XXXX : Results observed in four anticoagulation clinics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) intra- and inter-individual variability was previously reported, but its magnitude is still considered negligible for @entity1 management. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate inter- and intra-individual variability in real-world @entity955 @entity1 on @entity3926 , @entity3925 or @entity5424 in four Italian anticoagulation clinics and to assess the correlation between DOAC plasma concentration and @entity1011 -clearance ( @entity35105 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 330 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled, of which 160 were on @entity3926 (70 and 90 taking 150mg or 110mg twice-daily, respectively), 71 on @entity3925 (37 and 34 taking 20mg or 15mg once-daily) and 99 on @entity5424 (73 and 26 taking 5mg or 2.5mg twice-daily). Blood was taken at trough and peak within the first month (15-25days) of treatment. Diluted-thrombin-time (dTT) calibrated for @entity3926 and anti- @entity6236 calibrated for @entity3925 or @entity5424 was performed. RESULTS: Mean inter-individual variability expressed as overall CV values for all drugs was lower at peak (CV=46%) than at trough (CV=63%). Mean CV% intra-individual variability was 36.6% at trough and 34.0% at peak. Correlation with @entity35105 was poor for all drugs and only @entity3926 at trough showed a significant correlation. CONCLUSION: This multicenter study confirms high DOAC inter-individual variability that cannot be explained by the rate of renal clearance to which the three DOAC were subjected since the correlation with @entity35105 was relatively poor. This poor correlation suggests caution in using @entity35105 as the sole laboratory parameter to indirectly evaluate residual circulating DOAC.

title: Plasma levels of direct oral anticoagulants in real life XXXX with @entity955 : Results observed in four anticoagulation clinics.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine @entity1 and injury characteristics that predict undertriage and overtriage. DESIGN: This study was a retrospective analysis of admissions for @entity131 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: All admissions for acute injuries in a 2 1/2-year period were included (N = 26,025). ICD-9 clinical modification codes were converted to Injury Severity Scores. MAIN RESULTS: Seventy-nine percent of severely injured @entity1 were admitted to level I @entity130 centers. Severely injured @entity1 admitted to other hospitals (undertriage) were more likely elderly (odds ratio = 5.44) and less likely had @entity66 (odds ratio = 0.55). One-fourth of @entity1 with @entity130 were admitted to level I @entity130 centers (overtriage). Overtriaged @entity1 were more likely intoxicated, obese, or had an injury to the head or face. CONCLUSIONS: In a developed @entity130 system, severely injured elderly @entity130 @entity1 (especially females) are at risk for undertriage. The characteristics of @entity1 at risk for overtriage reflect the difficulties of prospective out-of-hospital triage.

title: Triage in an established XXXX system.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'minor injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Challenges in the clinical differentiation of @entity1729 lead to the misappropriation of antibiotics and increased healthcare costs. A tool to facilitate rapid and accurate point-of-care (POC) differentiation is needed. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A prospective, single center, blinded, observational clinical trial was conducted at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center from December 2012 to August 2013 to determine the accuracy of a POC immunoassay to identify a clinically significant immune response to viral and/or @entity2348 . Sixty @entity1 with @entity1729 (19 @entity7551 and 41 lower respiratory tract infection [LRTI]) were enrolled. @entity1 provided fingerstick blood for immunoassay testing (myxovirus A [ @entity13434 ] and @entity1851 [CRP]) and four oropharyngeal samples for viral PCR and routine bacterial cell culture. A venous blood sample was collected. An ELISA was used to measure CRP and @entity13434 . Paired serological testing was used to confirm atypical bacteria. A urine sample was provided for Streptococcus and Legionella antigen testing. @entity1 with suspected LRTI had sputum and blood cultures, chest X-ray, and WBC count measured. @entity1800 was confirmed if oropharyngeal PCR was positive for viral pathogens. @entity2348 was confirmed in positive throat or sputum cultures. Elevated immunoglobulin M antibodies or twofold increase in IgG antibodies between acute and convalescent phase indicated atypical bacteria. Positive Streptococcus or Legionella urine antigen assays also confirmed @entity2348 . The immunoassay correctly categorized subjects as 92% (22/24) negative, 80% (16/20) with @entity2348 , and 70% (7/10) with @entity1800 . CONCLUSIONS: The interplay between an @entity13434 value and a semi-quantitative CRP value can aid in the differentiation of infectious etiology. In isolation, neither @entity13434 nor CRP alone is sensitive or specific. However, the pattern of results in a rapid immunoassay provides a sensitive and specific method to differentiate @entity1729 . This diagnostic information may help reduce antibiotic misuse and resistance and lower healthcare costs.

title: Evaluation of a combined XXXX and CRP point-of-care immunoassay to identify viral and/or bacterial immune response in @entity1 with @entity1729 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection', 'Bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Viral infection', 'viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute febrile respiratory infections', 'acute febrile respiratory infection', 'viral and/or bacterial respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['c-reactive protein']

answer: @entity13434 :: (4599,Gene) :: ['MxA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Challenges in the clinical differentiation of @entity1729 lead to the misappropriation of antibiotics and increased healthcare costs. A tool to facilitate rapid and accurate point-of-care (POC) differentiation is needed. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A prospective, single center, blinded, observational clinical trial was conducted at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center from December 2012 to August 2013 to determine the accuracy of a POC immunoassay to identify a clinically significant immune response to viral and/or @entity2348 . Sixty @entity1 with @entity1729 (19 @entity7551 and 41 lower respiratory tract infection [LRTI]) were enrolled. @entity1 provided fingerstick blood for immunoassay testing (myxovirus A [ @entity13434 ] and @entity1851 [CRP]) and four oropharyngeal samples for viral PCR and routine bacterial cell culture. A venous blood sample was collected. An ELISA was used to measure CRP and @entity13434 . Paired serological testing was used to confirm atypical bacteria. A urine sample was provided for Streptococcus and Legionella antigen testing. @entity1 with suspected LRTI had sputum and blood cultures, chest X-ray, and WBC count measured. @entity1800 was confirmed if oropharyngeal PCR was positive for viral pathogens. @entity2348 was confirmed in positive throat or sputum cultures. Elevated immunoglobulin M antibodies or twofold increase in IgG antibodies between acute and convalescent phase indicated atypical bacteria. Positive Streptococcus or Legionella urine antigen assays also confirmed @entity2348 . The immunoassay correctly categorized subjects as 92% (22/24) negative, 80% (16/20) with @entity2348 , and 70% (7/10) with @entity1800 . CONCLUSIONS: The interplay between an @entity13434 value and a semi-quantitative CRP value can aid in the differentiation of infectious etiology. In isolation, neither @entity13434 nor CRP alone is sensitive or specific. However, the pattern of results in a rapid immunoassay provides a sensitive and specific method to differentiate @entity1729 . This diagnostic information may help reduce antibiotic misuse and resistance and lower healthcare costs.

title: Evaluation of a combined @entity13434 and CRP point-of-care immunoassay to identify viral and/or bacterial immune response in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['acute febrile respiratory infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Challenges in the clinical differentiation of @entity1729 lead to the misappropriation of antibiotics and increased healthcare costs. A tool to facilitate rapid and accurate point-of-care (POC) differentiation is needed. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A prospective, single center, blinded, observational clinical trial was conducted at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center from December 2012 to August 2013 to determine the accuracy of a POC immunoassay to identify a clinically significant immune response to viral and/or @entity2348 . Sixty @entity1 with @entity1729 (19 @entity7551 and 41 lower respiratory tract infection [LRTI]) were enrolled. @entity1 provided fingerstick blood for immunoassay testing (myxovirus A [ @entity13434 ] and @entity1851 [CRP]) and four oropharyngeal samples for viral PCR and routine bacterial cell culture. A venous blood sample was collected. An ELISA was used to measure CRP and @entity13434 . Paired serological testing was used to confirm atypical bacteria. A urine sample was provided for Streptococcus and Legionella antigen testing. @entity1 with suspected LRTI had sputum and blood cultures, chest X-ray, and WBC count measured. @entity1800 was confirmed if oropharyngeal PCR was positive for viral pathogens. @entity2348 was confirmed in positive throat or sputum cultures. Elevated immunoglobulin M antibodies or twofold increase in IgG antibodies between acute and convalescent phase indicated atypical bacteria. Positive Streptococcus or Legionella urine antigen assays also confirmed @entity2348 . The immunoassay correctly categorized subjects as 92% (22/24) negative, 80% (16/20) with @entity2348 , and 70% (7/10) with @entity1800 . CONCLUSIONS: The interplay between an @entity13434 value and a semi-quantitative CRP value can aid in the differentiation of infectious etiology. In isolation, neither @entity13434 nor CRP alone is sensitive or specific. However, the pattern of results in a rapid immunoassay provides a sensitive and specific method to differentiate @entity1729 . This diagnostic information may help reduce antibiotic misuse and resistance and lower healthcare costs.

title: Evaluation of a combined @entity13434 and CRP point-of-care immunoassay to identify viral and/or bacterial immune response in XXXX with @entity1729 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3609 is a paediatric @entity5 , occurs commonly in head and neck region. Adult @entity2696 are uncommon and only few cases of lesser sac @entity3609 are reported in the literature. We present a case of lesser sac @entity3609 in a 26-year-old lady who presented with features of @entity1084 . Clinical examination revealed a 10x10 cm firm, non tender, mobile intraabdominal lump in the epigastrium. An upper @entity344 showed possible external compression at the body of the stomach. Ultrasound demonstrated a @entity75 , with internal echoes in one locule. CECT showed a large multiloculated @entity5409 with hyper-dense content in the lesser sac extending up to the left lobe of the liver and indenting the stomach, lesser sac, and upper border of pancreas. On surgical exploration, a 10X8 cm multi @entity5409 with clear fluid was found in the lesser sac very close to the lesser curvature of stomach. Histopathological examination of the excised lesion showed features of @entity3609 . Though very rare, intraabdominal @entity3609 should be considered in all atypical cases of @entity1084 . A reasonable knowledge about these benign lesions will aid in establishing the diagnosis and surgical management.

title: XXXX of the Lesser Sac in Adult Presenting with Features of Gastric Outlet Obstruction - A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lymphangioma', 'Cystic lymphangioma', 'cystic lymphangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multicystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal lymphangiomas']

answer: @entity5409 :: (MESH:D052177,Disease) :: ['Cystic Lymhangioma']


abstract: It is estimated that 3.4% of @entity1 qualified for cholecystectomy due to @entity2963 have a coexisting @entity2877 . For decades, endoscopic ascending retrograde cholangiopancreatography has been the golden diagnostic standard in cases of suspected @entity2877 . The method is associated with a relatively high rate of complications, including acute @entity788 , the incidence of which is estimated to range between 0.74% and 1.86%. The mechanism of this ERCP-induced complication is not fully understood, although factors increasing the risk of acute @entity788 , such as @entity1690 , previous acute @entity788 , narrow bile ducts or difficult catheterization of Vater's ampulla are known. It has been suggested to discontinue the diagnostic endoscopic retrograde ascending cholangiopancreatography and replace it with endoscopic ultrasonography due to possible and potentially dangerous complications. Endoscopic ultrasonography has sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 95% regardless of @entity5990 diameter, as opposed to magnetic resonance cholangiography. However, both of these parameters depend on the experience of the performing physician. The use of endoscopic ultrasonography allows to limit the number of performed @entity10747 procedures by more than 2/3. Ascending @entity10747 combined with an endoscopic incision into the Vater's ampulla followed by a mechanical evacuation of stone deposits from the ducts still remains a golden standard in the treatment of @entity2877 . Despite some limitations such as potentially increased treatment costs as well as the necessity of the procedure to be performed by a surgeon experienced in both @entity10747 as well as endoscopic ultrasonography, the diagnostic endoscopic ultrasonography followed by a simultaneous @entity10747 aimed at @entity5990 removal is the most efficient diagnostic and therapeutic management scheme in cases of suspected @entity2877 .

title: Choledocholithiasis diagnostics - endoscopic ultrasound or XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter of Oddi dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity10747 :: (MESH:D012183,Disease) :: ['endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reconstruction following @entity130 amputation of the external ear remains a unique challenge to the plastic surgeon. The authors report a series of ear reconstructions with @entity1844 in @entity1 following @entity130 partial amputation of the ear. Technical points regarding the carving of the cartilage framework and methods of skin coverage are discussed. METHODS: Fifty partial ear reconstructions with @entity1844 were performed over a 4-year period. All @entity1 had suffered previous @entity130 amputation of part of the external auricle due to bite injuries (n = 36), road traffic accidents (n = 6), burns (n = 5), or torture (n = 3). A two-stage technique of reconstruction with autologous cartilage graft was used based on Nagata's adaptations of Brent's original technique. In nine cases, skin shortage or extensive scarring required preoperative tissue expansion (n = 4) or a @entity4438 (n = 5) to provide adequate coverage of the cartilage framework. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 had a successful surgical outcome without complication. Two @entity1 developed small areas of @entity39 resulting in exposure of the cartilage framework. These healed with conservative management with @entity393 . One case of @entity2737 resulted in significant @entity393 of the construct, which required a further surgical procedure with additional costal cartilage graft. CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of the external ear with @entity1844 following @entity130 amputation can produce high-quality auricles consistently and is becoming the treatment of choice for such injuries, given access to a specialist center with exposure to a high volume of cases.

title: Reconstruction following XXXX partial amputation of the ear.

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['autologous costal cartilage']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['temporoparietal fascial flap']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of definition', 'minor loss of definition']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: @entity5513 is the most @entity5513 . The aim of our study is to reflect our experience in the surgical treatment of this @entity5 MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 420 @entity5513 operated in our hospital between 1994-2014. We include @entity5 size, preoperative hearing, surgical approaches, definitive facial and hearing functional results, and complications due to surgery. RESULTS: A total of 417 @entity1 with 420 @entity5 were analyzed, 209 female (50.1%) and 208 male (49.9%). Mean age at diagnosis was 49.8  13.2 years. The majority of the @entity5 were resected through a translabyrinthine approach (80.2%). @entity5 removal was achieved in 411 @entity5 (98.3%), and anatomic preservation of facial nerve in 404 (96.2%). Definitive facial nerve outcome was House-Brackmann grade I and II in 69.9%, and was significantly better in @entity5 under 20mm. Surgical complications included @entity5173 in 3 @entity1 (0.7%) and retroauricular subcutaneous collection in 16 (3.8%), 5 cases of @entity693 (1.2%), 4 @entity1 with @entity548 (0.9%), and @entity204 in 3 @entity1 (0.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery is the treatment of choice for @entity5513 in the majority of @entity1 . In our experience, the complication rate is very low and @entity5 size is the main factor influencing postoperative facial nerve function.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX . Review of 420 cases.

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas', 'frequent cerebellopontine angle tumor', 'vestibular schwannoma', 'Vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intracraneal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Total tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: From December 1993 to December 1994, we inserted 14 biliary endoprostheses (Wallstent) endoscopically in 12 consecutive @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ; 55-91 years [mean 69.8 years] of age) with @entity5 . Successful placement of Wallstent was achieved in all 12 @entity1 . Procedure related @entity204 was encountered in one @entity1 (8.3%) who was complicated with @entity13404 , combined with a slipping migration of the stent. In 11 of the 12 patients, serum @entity648 levels reduced to less than 2.0 mg/dl. @entity697 , which was defined as the obstruction of the stent within 24 hours after the stent placement, occurred in 2 @entity1 (16.7%). Endoscopic nasal bile drainage (ENBD) following stent placement was performed in 4 @entity1 and @entity697 was not developed in these cases. After endoprosthesis 8 @entity1 were discharged with 6-47 hospital days and the average hospitalized period excluding a case with @entity385 was 12.7 days. Excluding one procedure related @entity204 , 6 @entity1 died of primary malignancy 39-189 days (average 90.7 days) after endoprosthesis and in 2 cases recurrence of @entity1087 was observed. The other 4 @entity1 have been alive for 60-174 days (average 102.5 days) without @entity1087 . The survival rate of the all @entity1 was 64% for 3 months and 32% for 6 months, respectively. In conclusion, we suggested that the endoscopic Wallstent placement would contribute to the improvement of the quality of life for @entity1 with @entity5 . However, @entity697 may be developed in some cases. For the purpose of managing @entity697 , we recommend ENBD for a few days following the placement of a Wallstent.

title: [Endoscopic placement of self-expandable metallic stents (Wallstent) for @entity5 , with special reference to preventive endoscopic nasal bile drainage against XXXX after stenting].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13404 :: ('MESH:D041882', 'Disease') :: ['emphysematous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute obstruction', 'Acute obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant biliary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute obstruction']


abstract: From December 1993 to December 1994, we inserted 14 biliary endoprostheses (Wallstent) endoscopically in 12 consecutive @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ; 55-91 years [mean 69.8 years] of age) with @entity5 . Successful placement of Wallstent was achieved in all 12 @entity1 . Procedure related @entity204 was encountered in one @entity1 (8.3%) who was complicated with @entity13404 , combined with a slipping migration of the stent. In 11 of the 12 patients, serum @entity648 levels reduced to less than 2.0 mg/dl. @entity697 , which was defined as the obstruction of the stent within 24 hours after the stent placement, occurred in 2 @entity1 (16.7%). Endoscopic nasal bile drainage (ENBD) following stent placement was performed in 4 @entity1 and @entity697 was not developed in these cases. After endoprosthesis 8 @entity1 were discharged with 6-47 hospital days and the average hospitalized period excluding a case with @entity385 was 12.7 days. Excluding one procedure related @entity204 , 6 @entity1 died of primary malignancy 39-189 days (average 90.7 days) after endoprosthesis and in 2 cases recurrence of @entity1087 was observed. The other 4 @entity1 have been alive for 60-174 days (average 102.5 days) without @entity1087 . The survival rate of the all @entity1 was 64% for 3 months and 32% for 6 months, respectively. In conclusion, we suggested that the endoscopic Wallstent placement would contribute to the improvement of the quality of life for @entity1 with @entity5 . However, @entity697 may be developed in some cases. For the purpose of managing @entity697 , we recommend ENBD for a few days following the placement of a Wallstent.

title: [Endoscopic placement of self-expandable metallic stents (Wallstent) for XXXX , with special reference to preventive endoscopic nasal bile drainage against @entity697 after stenting].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant biliary stenosis']


abstract: In order to clarify endocrinological changes before and after living-related renal transplantation in a @entity1 of @entity9475 involving @entity177 , serial quantitative determinations of the @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system and 24-hour urinary excretion of @entity9077 and kallikrein were performed. A male @entity1 was admitted to hospital because of a pale face and @entity851 at the age of 13 years. He was 126 cm in height (M-3.8SD). Blood pressure was 110/60 mmHg and @entity4 was not observed. Laboratory findings showed that his hematocrit was 22.1%, serum @entity972 2.9 mEq/1, @entity1011 clearance was 30.7 ml/min/1.73m2 and @entity2263 -microgobulin was elevated to 39.9 mg/1 in urinalysis. Plasma @entity916 activity and @entity1369 were remarkably elevated to 24.23 ng/ml/hr and 738 pg/ml, respectively. The kidney biopsy specimen showed @entity631 and @entity1184 change of the juxtaglomerular apparatus was also demonstrated. He was diagnosed as @entity9475 with @entity851 and @entity177 . At the age of 18, he was introduced on hemodialysis and the living-related renal transplantation was performed the next year. Two weeks after the transplantation, plasma @entity916 activity, @entity2178 ,II and @entity1369 were markedly changed from 37.8 to 2.3 ng/ml/hr, 2400 to 220 pg/ml, 256 to 17 pg/ml and 3700 to 110 pg/ml, respectively. Urine @entity38762 was improved from 860 to 321 ng/day and @entity7199 was also changed from 400 to 25.2 micrograms/day. These results indicated that abnormalities of several hormones in @entity9475 could be normalized by living-related renal transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Endocrinological analysis before and after living-related renal transplantation in a @entity1 of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity9475 :: ('MESH:D001477', 'Disease') :: ["Bartter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity7199 :: ('MESH:D007610', 'Chemical') :: ['kallikrein']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity38762 :: ('MESH:C100006', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F 1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha']

answer: @entity9475 :: (MESH:D001477,Disease) :: ['Bartter's syndrome']


abstract: In order to clarify endocrinological changes before and after living-related renal transplantation in a @entity1 of @entity9475 involving @entity177 , serial quantitative determinations of the @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system and 24-hour urinary excretion of @entity9077 and kallikrein were performed. A male @entity1 was admitted to hospital because of a pale face and @entity851 at the age of 13 years. He was 126 cm in height (M-3.8SD). Blood pressure was 110/60 mmHg and @entity4 was not observed. Laboratory findings showed that his hematocrit was 22.1%, serum @entity972 2.9 mEq/1, @entity1011 clearance was 30.7 ml/min/1.73m2 and @entity2263 -microgobulin was elevated to 39.9 mg/1 in urinalysis. Plasma @entity916 activity and @entity1369 were remarkably elevated to 24.23 ng/ml/hr and 738 pg/ml, respectively. The kidney biopsy specimen showed @entity631 and @entity1184 change of the juxtaglomerular apparatus was also demonstrated. He was diagnosed as @entity9475 with @entity851 and @entity177 . At the age of 18, he was introduced on hemodialysis and the living-related renal transplantation was performed the next year. Two weeks after the transplantation, plasma @entity916 activity, @entity2178 ,II and @entity1369 were markedly changed from 37.8 to 2.3 ng/ml/hr, 2400 to 220 pg/ml, 256 to 17 pg/ml and 3700 to 110 pg/ml, respectively. Urine @entity38762 was improved from 860 to 321 ng/day and @entity7199 was also changed from 400 to 25.2 micrograms/day. These results indicated that abnormalities of several hormones in @entity9475 could be normalized by living-related renal transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Endocrinological analysis before and after living-related renal transplantation in a XXXX of @entity9475 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The proarrhythmic effects of the @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel modulators @entity31802 (n = 10; 0.01 to 0.3 mg/kg i.v.), @entity5217 (n = 10; 0.3 to 10 mg/kg i.v.) or volume equivalents of vehicle (n = 10) were evaluated in post-infarcted anaesthetised @entity235 . @entity235 were anaesthetised, subjected to an anterior-apical @entity583 , and allowed to recover. At 7.4 +/- 0.7 days post @entity1188 , animals were anaesthetised again, electrophysiologic measurements (effective refractory periods, @entity1162 and @entity2224 thresholds) were taken, and animals were tested for @entity943 using a programmed electrical stimulation protocol. Only animals that did not have programmed electrical stimulation-inducible @entity943 were used. @entity2224 thresholds were determined twice, once before the first dose then after the last dose of drug. At the end of the experiment, animals were subjected to ligation of the left circumflex coronary artery and survival was measured over the next two hours. @entity31802 significantly increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure. Although @entity31802 significantly reduced effective refractory periods, it neither increased electrical dispersion, as determined by the standard deviation or coefficient of variance of the effective refractory period, nor did it enhance inducibility (0 out of 10 in both vehicle and @entity31802 treated animals), change @entity2224 thresholds, or reduce @entity944 survival relative to vehicle. @entity5217 did not increase electrical dispersion, but slightly increased the incidence of programmed electrical stimulation-induced @entity943 (3 out of 10), and lowered @entity2224 thresholds values. However, these changes were not statistically significant. @entity5217 did not significantly affect survival relative to vehicle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX or @entity5217 on @entity943 and dispersion of refractoriness in chronically infarcted in anesthetized @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity31802 :: ('MESH:D019806', 'Chemical') :: ['Cromakalim', 'cromakalim']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT-intervals']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['Glibenclamide', 'glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity31802 :: (MESH:D019806,Chemical) :: ['cromakalim']


abstract: The proarrhythmic effects of the @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel modulators @entity31802 (n = 10; 0.01 to 0.3 mg/kg i.v.), @entity5217 (n = 10; 0.3 to 10 mg/kg i.v.) or volume equivalents of vehicle (n = 10) were evaluated in post-infarcted anaesthetised @entity235 . @entity235 were anaesthetised, subjected to an anterior-apical @entity583 , and allowed to recover. At 7.4 +/- 0.7 days post @entity1188 , animals were anaesthetised again, electrophysiologic measurements (effective refractory periods, @entity1162 and @entity2224 thresholds) were taken, and animals were tested for @entity943 using a programmed electrical stimulation protocol. Only animals that did not have programmed electrical stimulation-inducible @entity943 were used. @entity2224 thresholds were determined twice, once before the first dose then after the last dose of drug. At the end of the experiment, animals were subjected to ligation of the left circumflex coronary artery and survival was measured over the next two hours. @entity31802 significantly increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure. Although @entity31802 significantly reduced effective refractory periods, it neither increased electrical dispersion, as determined by the standard deviation or coefficient of variance of the effective refractory period, nor did it enhance inducibility (0 out of 10 in both vehicle and @entity31802 treated animals), change @entity2224 thresholds, or reduce @entity944 survival relative to vehicle. @entity5217 did not increase electrical dispersion, but slightly increased the incidence of programmed electrical stimulation-induced @entity943 (3 out of 10), and lowered @entity2224 thresholds values. However, these changes were not statistically significant. @entity5217 did not significantly affect survival relative to vehicle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity31802 or XXXX on @entity943 and dispersion of refractoriness in chronically infarcted in anesthetized @entity235 .

answer: @entity5217 :: (MESH:D005905,Chemical) :: ['glibenclamide']


abstract: The proarrhythmic effects of the @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel modulators @entity31802 (n = 10; 0.01 to 0.3 mg/kg i.v.), @entity5217 (n = 10; 0.3 to 10 mg/kg i.v.) or volume equivalents of vehicle (n = 10) were evaluated in post-infarcted anaesthetised @entity235 . @entity235 were anaesthetised, subjected to an anterior-apical @entity583 , and allowed to recover. At 7.4 +/- 0.7 days post @entity1188 , animals were anaesthetised again, electrophysiologic measurements (effective refractory periods, @entity1162 and @entity2224 thresholds) were taken, and animals were tested for @entity943 using a programmed electrical stimulation protocol. Only animals that did not have programmed electrical stimulation-inducible @entity943 were used. @entity2224 thresholds were determined twice, once before the first dose then after the last dose of drug. At the end of the experiment, animals were subjected to ligation of the left circumflex coronary artery and survival was measured over the next two hours. @entity31802 significantly increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure. Although @entity31802 significantly reduced effective refractory periods, it neither increased electrical dispersion, as determined by the standard deviation or coefficient of variance of the effective refractory period, nor did it enhance inducibility (0 out of 10 in both vehicle and @entity31802 treated animals), change @entity2224 thresholds, or reduce @entity944 survival relative to vehicle. @entity5217 did not increase electrical dispersion, but slightly increased the incidence of programmed electrical stimulation-induced @entity943 (3 out of 10), and lowered @entity2224 thresholds values. However, these changes were not statistically significant. @entity5217 did not significantly affect survival relative to vehicle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity31802 or @entity5217 on XXXX and dispersion of refractoriness in chronically infarcted in anesthetized @entity235 .

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: The proarrhythmic effects of the @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel modulators @entity31802 (n = 10; 0.01 to 0.3 mg/kg i.v.), @entity5217 (n = 10; 0.3 to 10 mg/kg i.v.) or volume equivalents of vehicle (n = 10) were evaluated in post-infarcted anaesthetised @entity235 . @entity235 were anaesthetised, subjected to an anterior-apical @entity583 , and allowed to recover. At 7.4 +/- 0.7 days post @entity1188 , animals were anaesthetised again, electrophysiologic measurements (effective refractory periods, @entity1162 and @entity2224 thresholds) were taken, and animals were tested for @entity943 using a programmed electrical stimulation protocol. Only animals that did not have programmed electrical stimulation-inducible @entity943 were used. @entity2224 thresholds were determined twice, once before the first dose then after the last dose of drug. At the end of the experiment, animals were subjected to ligation of the left circumflex coronary artery and survival was measured over the next two hours. @entity31802 significantly increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure. Although @entity31802 significantly reduced effective refractory periods, it neither increased electrical dispersion, as determined by the standard deviation or coefficient of variance of the effective refractory period, nor did it enhance inducibility (0 out of 10 in both vehicle and @entity31802 treated animals), change @entity2224 thresholds, or reduce @entity944 survival relative to vehicle. @entity5217 did not increase electrical dispersion, but slightly increased the incidence of programmed electrical stimulation-induced @entity943 (3 out of 10), and lowered @entity2224 thresholds values. However, these changes were not statistically significant. @entity5217 did not significantly affect survival relative to vehicle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity31802 or @entity5217 on @entity943 and dispersion of refractoriness in chronically infarcted in anesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The repair of bone defects in reconstructive surgery has significant limitations. Donor site morbidity, limited supply of autograft, and risks and complications associated with allografting and synthetic bone substitutes are among the most significant. In an effort to address these problems, the search for an ideal bone replacement has led to the development of a new method of @entity10124 ( @entity7050 ) foam processing, enabling the production of a biodegradable scaffold with similar porosity to @entity1 trabecular bone. In this study, these scaffolds were evaluated for bone repair in vivo in a femoral critical-sized segmental defect in New Zealand White (NZW) @entity95 . Three groups of nine animals were investigated. In the first group, the critical-sized defects were empty. Scaffolds alone were implanted in the second group, whereas autologous bone marrow cell-loaded scaffolds were implanted in the third group. Animals ambulated freely for 8 weeks after surgery, and bone formation throughout the defects was serially assessed radiographically and quantified using a bone formation index (BFI) measure. Postmortem radiography and histology were also undertaken to examine bone formation. There was a significant effect of applying this technology to the amount of bone formed in the defects as determined by the BFI (F = 3.41, P < 0.05). The mean BFI for the cell-loaded scaffolds was greater than for the control group at all measured time points (2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-week radiographs). This difference was significant for the 2- and 8-week radiographs (P < 0.05). Qualitative histological assessment confirmed these findings. We concluded from these findings that these @entity7050 scaffolds loaded with marrow-derived progenitor cells yield significant bone formation in a critical-sized @entity95 femoral defect. This technology comprising a novel scaffold design and autologous cells may provide an alternative to current strategies for reconstruction of bony defects.

title: In vivo bone engineering in a XXXX femur.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity10124 :: ('CHEBI:53493', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(lactide-co-glycolide)']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of risk factors for @entity65 among elderly @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A district of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. METHODS: As a part of the Rotterdam Study information about smoking habits, blood pressure, Quetelet index and serum @entity165 of 7,983 responding @entity1 (78%) (3,105 @entity1 and 4,878 @entity1 ) of 55 years and older was obtained by an interview and physical examination during two visits to a research center. RESULTS: Among @entity1 and @entity1 there were 29.7% and 16.7% smokers and 60.1% and 25.9% ex-smokers, respectively. Among @entity1 the proportion of smokers decreased from 31.0% in the age category 55-59 years to 15.9% in de category > or = 85 years, among @entity1 from 28.0% to 2.7%. Systolic blood pressure increased with age in both sexes, while diastolic blood pressure hardly changed. @entity101 (systolic blood pressure 160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > or = 95 mmHg at a single measurement and/or use of antihypertensive drugs) occurred in 23.3% of @entity1 and 28.0% of @entity1 . In men, total serum @entity165 decreased gradually with age, whereas in @entity1 there was a slight increase up to the category 70-74 years. No evident change in HDL @entity165 with increasing age was observed in @entity1 , but in @entity1 a decrease was observed until the same level was reached as in @entity1 . Thirty-five per cent of @entity1 and 49.5% of @entity1 had an elevated level of serum @entity165 (> or = 6.5 mmol/l). The prevalence of @entity28 (Quetelet index > 25 kg/m2) was about 50% in both @entity1 and @entity1 but was less in the categories from 75 years onwards. Approximately 80% of @entity1 and @entity1 had at least one risk factor, while in almost half of them two or more risk factors were found. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for @entity65 are common among elderly @entity1 .

title: [Risk factors for XXXX in the elderly; the ERGO study (Erasmus Rotterdam Health and the Elderly)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the surgical treatment of life-threatening @entity1764 following oesophageal perforation or leakage after resection for @entity5 . DESIGN: Descriptive retrospective. SETTING: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Utrecht. METHODS: Between June 1989 and October 1994, 18 @entity1 with severe @entity1764 and @entity295 following perforation of the oesophagus or leakage after oesophageal resection for @entity5 were treated with aggressive surgery. (Peri-)anastomotic leakage was the cause of @entity1764 and @entity295 in 14 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 perforated during endoscopy and 1 @entity1 suffered a spontaneous perforation. @entity146 surgery consisted of removing the oesophageal replacement from the mediastinum, creating an oesophago-cutaneostomy and a feeding enterostomy and drainage of the mediastinum and interpleural spaces. RESULTS: All @entity1 survived; however, postoperative morbidity was high. The alimentary tract was reconstructed in 15 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity146 surgical treatment of life-threatening @entity1764 and @entity295 as described here can save severely ill @entity1 . Because of the high postoperative morbidity level only @entity1 with perforations of the oesophagus and early stages of @entity5 should be operated.

title: [Surgical treatment of life-threatening XXXX following esophageal perforation or leakage after esophagus surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

answer: @entity1764 :: (MESH:D008480,Disease) :: ['mediastinitis']


abstract: @entity109 -induced @entity35 liver microsomes were subjected to @entity1110 - and @entity8798 -catalyzed lipid peroxidation. The formation of approx. 95 nmol @entity1234 /mg protein during 18 min peroxidation at 37 degrees C was observed. @entity2003 measured by means of the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy rs of @entity3955 increased in parallel with the @entity1234 formation. Both the amount of @entity1234 and rs remained constant thereafter during incubation of the peroxidized membranes for 2 h. The @entity17690 demethylase activity decreased by about 60% upon lipid peroxidation for 18 min, whereas no significant loss of @entity10045 demethylase activity within the same time range was observed. A time-dependent formation of protein complexes of high molecular weight, comprising most of the microsomal polypeptides, upon lipid peroxidation was observed in @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. The effect of microsomal lipid peroxidation on protein-protein interactions was examined by measuring the rotational mobility of intact @entity1447 . Rotational diffusion was measured by observing the decay of flash-induced absorption anisotropy r(t) of the P-450 X CO complex. Analysis was based on a 'rotation-about-membrane normal' model with the equation r(t) = r1exp(-t/ @entity72906 ) + r2exp(-t/phi 2). In control microsomes, two classes (rapid and slow) of rotating populations of @entity1447 were observed with @entity72906 approximately equal to 150 microseconds, fraction r1/(r1 + r2) approximately equal to 40% and phi 2 approximately equal to 2 ms, fraction r2/(r1 + r2) approximately equal to 60%. A relatively small decrease in the rotational mobility of P-450 was observed by a 18-min lipid peroxidation, while a subsequent incubation of peroxidized microsomes for 2 h at 37 degrees C resulted in a dramatic immobilization of P-450 by the increase of both r2/(r1 + r2) approximately equal to 75% and phi 2 approximately equal to 10-25 ms. The decrease in the P-450 mobility during 18-min lipid peroxidation would be due to the rigidification of the lipid bilayer. However, because the lipid fluidity remained unchanged thereafter, the significant immobilization of P-450 by the subsequent 2-h incubation is deduced to be due to formation of protein aggregates.

title: Lipid peroxidation decreases the rotational mobility of XXXX in @entity35 liver microsomes.

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['Membrane rigidity']

entities_list: @entity17690 :: ('MESH:D000632', 'Chemical') :: ['aminopyrine']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3955 :: ('MESH:D004161', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenylhexatriene']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity10045 :: ('MESH:D001589', 'Chemical') :: ['benzphetamine']

answer: @entity1447 :: (25251(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['cytochrome P-450']


abstract: @entity109 -induced @entity35 liver microsomes were subjected to @entity1110 - and @entity8798 -catalyzed lipid peroxidation. The formation of approx. 95 nmol @entity1234 /mg protein during 18 min peroxidation at 37 degrees C was observed. @entity2003 measured by means of the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy rs of @entity3955 increased in parallel with the @entity1234 formation. Both the amount of @entity1234 and rs remained constant thereafter during incubation of the peroxidized membranes for 2 h. The @entity17690 demethylase activity decreased by about 60% upon lipid peroxidation for 18 min, whereas no significant loss of @entity10045 demethylase activity within the same time range was observed. A time-dependent formation of protein complexes of high molecular weight, comprising most of the microsomal polypeptides, upon lipid peroxidation was observed in @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. The effect of microsomal lipid peroxidation on protein-protein interactions was examined by measuring the rotational mobility of intact @entity1447 . Rotational diffusion was measured by observing the decay of flash-induced absorption anisotropy r(t) of the P-450 X CO complex. Analysis was based on a 'rotation-about-membrane normal' model with the equation r(t) = r1exp(-t/ @entity72906 ) + r2exp(-t/phi 2). In control microsomes, two classes (rapid and slow) of rotating populations of @entity1447 were observed with @entity72906 approximately equal to 150 microseconds, fraction r1/(r1 + r2) approximately equal to 40% and phi 2 approximately equal to 2 ms, fraction r2/(r1 + r2) approximately equal to 60%. A relatively small decrease in the rotational mobility of P-450 was observed by a 18-min lipid peroxidation, while a subsequent incubation of peroxidized microsomes for 2 h at 37 degrees C resulted in a dramatic immobilization of P-450 by the increase of both r2/(r1 + r2) approximately equal to 75% and phi 2 approximately equal to 10-25 ms. The decrease in the P-450 mobility during 18-min lipid peroxidation would be due to the rigidification of the lipid bilayer. However, because the lipid fluidity remained unchanged thereafter, the significant immobilization of P-450 by the subsequent 2-h incubation is deduced to be due to formation of protein aggregates.

title: Lipid peroxidation decreases the rotational mobility of @entity1447 in XXXX liver microsomes.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little information is available on the epidemiologic characteristics of antibiotic-associated @entity294 (AAD) in @entity1 . The authors' aim was to evaluate the incidence of AAD in an outpatient pediatric population and to identify risk factors. METHODS: @entity1 aged 1 month to 15.4 years treated with oral antibiotics for a proven or suspected @entity281 were enrolled from an ambulatory pediatric practice during an 11-month period. Parents recorded the daily frequency and characteristics of stools using a diary during the antibiotic treatment and for 1 week after it was stopped. An episode of @entity294 was defined by at least 3 soft or liquid stools/d for at least 2 consecutive days. Risk factors for AAD-age, type of antibiotic treatment, type of combined treatment, and site of @entity281 -were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 650 @entity1 included, 11% had an episode of AAD, lasting a mean of 4.0 +/- 3.0 days, beginning a mean of 5.3 +/- 3.5 days after the start of antibiotic treatment. No @entity1 was hospitalized because of AAD. The incidence of AAD was higher in @entity1 less than 2 years (18%) than in those more than 2 years (3%; P < 0.0001). The incidence of AAD was particularly high after administration of certain antibiotics ( @entity115 / @entity798 , 23%; P = 0.003 compared with other antibiotics). The type of combined treatment and site of @entity281 did not influence the onset of AAD. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic-associated @entity294 was common in these outpatient @entity1 , especially for those aged less than 2 years and after the prescription of certain antibiotics, particularly, the combination of @entity115 / @entity798 .

title: Incidence and risk factors of oral antibiotic-associated XXXX in an outpatient pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: A 5-year-old @entity1 was admitted to another clinic because of @entity391 and @entity410 . She was brought to our clinic after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted. CT scan on admission in our clinic showed a @entity5 in the pineal region with tumoral @entity548 . Tumor markers such as @entity6740 , @entity160 , @entity787 , @entity50799 were within normal range. A biopsy of the @entity5 was performed and the histological diagnosis was @entity979 . Her recovery was excellent and disseminated @entity3 was not recognized. @entity5 was performed through the occipital transtentorial approach. She had no @entity51 after surgery. She then received two 5-day cycles of chemotherapy, consisting of intravenous administration of 20 mg/m2/day @entity900 and 60 mg/m2/day @entity2879 , and craniospinal radiotherapy. After these therapies, the @entity5 responded and disappeared completely. Follow-up radiographic investigations also demonstrated no abnormal evidence except for @entity1010 . She is attending a primary school without any problems. @entity979 is quite rare and remarkably malignant. Hence, aggressive therapies including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is indicated for this @entity5 .

title: [A case of @entity979 successfully treated with surgery, combined chemotherapy of XXXX and @entity2879 , and radiotherapy].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineoblastoma', 'Pineoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'A subtotal removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: A 5-year-old @entity1 was admitted to another clinic because of @entity391 and @entity410 . She was brought to our clinic after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted. CT scan on admission in our clinic showed a @entity5 in the pineal region with tumoral @entity548 . Tumor markers such as @entity6740 , @entity160 , @entity787 , @entity50799 were within normal range. A biopsy of the @entity5 was performed and the histological diagnosis was @entity979 . Her recovery was excellent and disseminated @entity3 was not recognized. @entity5 was performed through the occipital transtentorial approach. She had no @entity51 after surgery. She then received two 5-day cycles of chemotherapy, consisting of intravenous administration of 20 mg/m2/day @entity900 and 60 mg/m2/day @entity2879 , and craniospinal radiotherapy. After these therapies, the @entity5 responded and disappeared completely. Follow-up radiographic investigations also demonstrated no abnormal evidence except for @entity1010 . She is attending a primary school without any problems. @entity979 is quite rare and remarkably malignant. Hence, aggressive therapies including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is indicated for this @entity5 .

title: [A case of @entity979 successfully treated with surgery, combined chemotherapy of @entity900 and XXXX , and radiotherapy].

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: A 5-year-old @entity1 was admitted to another clinic because of @entity391 and @entity410 . She was brought to our clinic after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted. CT scan on admission in our clinic showed a @entity5 in the pineal region with tumoral @entity548 . Tumor markers such as @entity6740 , @entity160 , @entity787 , @entity50799 were within normal range. A biopsy of the @entity5 was performed and the histological diagnosis was @entity979 . Her recovery was excellent and disseminated @entity3 was not recognized. @entity5 was performed through the occipital transtentorial approach. She had no @entity51 after surgery. She then received two 5-day cycles of chemotherapy, consisting of intravenous administration of 20 mg/m2/day @entity900 and 60 mg/m2/day @entity2879 , and craniospinal radiotherapy. After these therapies, the @entity5 responded and disappeared completely. Follow-up radiographic investigations also demonstrated no abnormal evidence except for @entity1010 . She is attending a primary school without any problems. @entity979 is quite rare and remarkably malignant. Hence, aggressive therapies including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is indicated for this @entity5 .

title: [A case of XXXX successfully treated with surgery, combined chemotherapy of @entity900 and @entity2879 , and radiotherapy].

answer: @entity979 :: (MESH:D010871,Disease) :: ['pineoblastoma']


abstract: This is a report of a spinal intradural @entity145 associated with an enlarged filum terminale. A 9-year-old female was admitted to our hospital complaining of @entity158 . Neurological examination revealed no abnormal findings. CT scan showed a round shaped @entity66 in the right dorsolateral side of the spinal canal between the level of L1 to S1/2. The @entity66 disclosed isodensity and was not enhanced. A small low density @entity66 was visualized in the dural sac at the same level. MRI showed the @entity66 with low signal intensity on the T1-weighted image, and high signal intensity on the T2. The small @entity66 in the dural sac was demonstrated with low signal intensity on the T1 and T2-weighted image. In addition to this finding, @entity1645 was disclosed. It was suspected that this @entity66 was extradural @entity145 associated with an enlarged filum terminale. Osteoplastic laminotomy between L3 to S1/2 was performed, and an @entity145 was found in the intradural space. It compressed the cauda equina and enlarged tough filum terminale. The cyst was removed subtotally, and the filum terminale was cut off. Postoperative course was uneventful and the @entity158 disappeared. It was thought that this @entity158 might be derived from the intradural @entity145 , or the enlarged filum terminale.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Spinal intradural XXXX associated with enlarged filum terminale].

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation type I']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'lumbosacral pain']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cyst']


abstract: An @entity4282 associated with posttraumatic @entity2849 of the middle meningeal artery is a very rare clinical entity. Only 31 such cases have been reported in the literature. A 54-year-old @entity1 was admitted with lethargy and right @entity1269 . A skull X-ray film revealed a linear @entity174 in the left parietal and temporal bone, extending to the base of the skull. A brain CT scan disclosed an @entity697 over the left cerebral hemisphere, contusional @entity1410 in the @entity75 , and @entity510 in the left Sylvian fissure. During an emergency craniotomy a @entity4282 was evacuated and external decompression was performed. Angiography, which was performed about one month after the @entity542 , revealed an @entity439 of the middle meningeal artery. The @entity439 was removed to avoid delayed @entity397 at the time of cranioplasty. Histological diagnosis was @entity2849 . We discussed the pathogenesis of a @entity693 and the necessity to pay attention to the presence of a @entity2849 when an active @entity548 point is not observed during surgery of the @entity4282 .

title: [Posttraumatic XXXX of the middle meningeal artery: a case report].

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma', 'large epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['right frontal lobe and thalamus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm of the meningeal artery']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysm']


abstract: Clinicians report that @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ) often have difficulty with tasks requiring sustained attention, and there are neuroanatomical and neurophysiological reasons to expect such deficits. Nevertheless, laboratory measures of sustained attention or vigilance in @entity131 have produced conflicting results. These inconsistencies may be due to @entity1 heterogeneity as well as the fact that vigilance performance is dependent on highly specific features of the task design. We developed a visual vigilance task in which the influence of non-attentional factors was minimized and task difficulty for @entity1 and controls made comparable. Performance was characterized with respect to vigilance level as well as vigilance decrement, using measures of perceptual discrimination, response bias, reaction time and reaction time variability. Twenty-six @entity1 with recent @entity131 and 18 control subjects were tested on this task. A MANOVA of ranked scores revealed significantly different @entity1 and control performance overall. Initial level of performance (vigilance level) was slower and more variable for @entity1 than controls, and @entity1 showed more conservative response biases. Deterioration over time (vigilance decrement) was steeper for @entity1 than controls for reaction time, reaction time variability, and response bias. Deterioration in accuracy (D') did not differ significantly between @entity1 and controls. Performance was not related to available measures of injury severity. Hypotheses relating arousal mechanisms to vigilance performance are discussed.

title: Sustained arousal and attention after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury', 'TBI']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify the @entity1 who are at low or high-risk by defining the prognostic factors in node-negative @entity0 . METHODS: Medical records of 384 consecutive @entity0 @entity1 with negative axillary lymph nodes who had been operated on between January 1994 and January 1997 at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Several clinical and pathological characteristics of @entity1 were categorized. Univariate analyses of survival and disease-free survival (DFS) were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Independent prognostic and predictive factors affecting survival and DFS were assessed by Cox proportional hazard method. RESULTS: 5-year survival and DFS were 91.4 and 85.7%, respectively. Size, grade, age, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were the prognostic factors that independently affected survival and DFS. @entity440 improved survival and DFS. While age younger than 35 was an adverse factor for both survival and DFS, age older than 49 was a detrimental factor for DFS. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who have a @entity5 with size greater than 2 cm, with histologic grade 3, with LVI, and @entity1 with age under 35 or older than 49 have poorer prognosis among node-negative @entity0 , and are candidates for adjuvant therapy.

title: Prognostic factors affecting survival and disease-free survival in lymph node-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinomas']


abstract: Between 1970 and 1980, we treated 107 previously untreated @entity1 with biopsy proven @entity189 by megavoltage external radiation therapy to the primary site, base of the skull and both sides of the neck. Fifty-three percent of the @entity1 had T4 primaries and 87% had Stage IV disease. The histology was poorly differentiated, undifferentiated or @entity189 in 81% of the @entity1 , and well differentiated or moderately well differentiated @entity957 in 19%. The dose of irradiation to the primary site ranged from 5700 to 7700 rad. Fifty-five @entity1 have suffered relapse of the @entity5 , 33 of whom (60%) relapsed at the primary site. Seventy-two percent of the relapses at the primary site appeared within two years after treatment and 91 percent within 3 years. Median survival following relapse at the primary site was 10 months. Those @entity1 who received a dose to the primary between 5700 and 6700 rad had a lower rate of local control than those who received a dose between 6700 and 7700 rad. However, regardless of the dose, those @entity1 whose radiation therapy was interrupted (for whatever reason) for a total of three weeks or longer had poorer local control than those @entity1 whose treatment was not so interrupted. The highest rate of local control (84%) was observed in those @entity1 who did not have such interruptions and received a dose of 6700-7700 rad to the primary. Improved local control with the higher doses was especially striking for T4 primaries, suggesting a dose-response relationship. The local control rate did not appear to be significantly influenced by age, sex, birthplace or histology. These data suggest that a high rate of local control is possible in @entity189 , even with T4 disease, if a sufficiently high dose of radiation therapy is delivered without undue interruptions.

title: Patterns of failure in XXXX : I. Failure at the primary site.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the nasopharynx', 'anaplastic carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the nasopharynx']