abstract: PURPOSE: A head-to-head comparison of two clinical correlation models with a focus on geometrical accuracy for internal @entity5 motion estimation during real-time @entity5 tracking (RTTT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Both the CyberKnife (CK) and the Vero systems perform RTTT with a correlation model that is able to describe hysteresis in the breathing motion. The CK dual-quadratic (DQ) model consists of two polynomial functions describing the trajectory of the @entity5 for inhale and exhale breathing motion, respectively. The Vero model is based on a two-dimensional (2D) function depending on position and speed of the external breathing signal to describe a closed-loop @entity5 trajectory. In this study, 20 s of internal motion data, using an 11 Hz (on average) full fluoroscopy (FF) sequence, was used for training of the CK and Vero models. Further, a subsampled set of 15 internal @entity5 positions (15p) equally spread over the different phases of the breathing motion was used for separate training of the CK DQ model. Also a linear model was trained using 15p and FF @entity5 motion data. Fifteen liver and @entity2 @entity1 , treated on the Vero system with RTTT, were retrospectively evaluated comparing the CK FF, CK 15p and Vero FF models using an in-house developed simulator. The distance between estimated target position and the @entity5 position localized by X-ray imaging was measured in the beams-eye view ( @entity1493 ) to calculate the 95th percentile @entity1493 modeling errors (ME(95, @entity1493 )). Additionally, the percentage of ME(95, @entity1493 ) smaller than 5 mm (P(5mm)) was determined for all correlation models. RESULTS: In general, no significant difference (p>0.05, paired t-test) was found between the CK FF and Vero models. Based on @entity1 -specific evaluation of the geometrical accuracy of the linear, CK DQ and Vero correlation models, no statistical necessity (p>0.05, two-way ANOVA) of including hysteresis in correlation models was proven, although during inhale breathing motion, the linear model resulted in a decreased P(5mm) with 5-6% compared to both the DQ CK and Vero models. CONCLUSION: Dual-quadratic CyberKnife and 2D Vero correlation models were interchangeable in terms of geometrical accuracy with the CK linear ME(95, @entity1493 )=4.1 mm, CK dual-quadratic ME(95, @entity1493 )=3.9 mm and Vero ME(95, @entity1493 )=3.7 mm, when modeled with FF sequence. CK DQ modeling based on 15p acquired in 20 s may lead to problems for internal motion estimation.

title: A comparison of two clinical correlation models used for real-time XXXX tracking of semi-periodic motion: A focus on geometrical accuracy in lung and liver cancer @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: A head-to-head comparison of two clinical correlation models with a focus on geometrical accuracy for internal @entity5 motion estimation during real-time @entity5 tracking (RTTT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Both the CyberKnife (CK) and the Vero systems perform RTTT with a correlation model that is able to describe hysteresis in the breathing motion. The CK dual-quadratic (DQ) model consists of two polynomial functions describing the trajectory of the @entity5 for inhale and exhale breathing motion, respectively. The Vero model is based on a two-dimensional (2D) function depending on position and speed of the external breathing signal to describe a closed-loop @entity5 trajectory. In this study, 20 s of internal motion data, using an 11 Hz (on average) full fluoroscopy (FF) sequence, was used for training of the CK and Vero models. Further, a subsampled set of 15 internal @entity5 positions (15p) equally spread over the different phases of the breathing motion was used for separate training of the CK DQ model. Also a linear model was trained using 15p and FF @entity5 motion data. Fifteen liver and @entity2 @entity1 , treated on the Vero system with RTTT, were retrospectively evaluated comparing the CK FF, CK 15p and Vero FF models using an in-house developed simulator. The distance between estimated target position and the @entity5 position localized by X-ray imaging was measured in the beams-eye view ( @entity1493 ) to calculate the 95th percentile @entity1493 modeling errors (ME(95, @entity1493 )). Additionally, the percentage of ME(95, @entity1493 ) smaller than 5 mm (P(5mm)) was determined for all correlation models. RESULTS: In general, no significant difference (p>0.05, paired t-test) was found between the CK FF and Vero models. Based on @entity1 -specific evaluation of the geometrical accuracy of the linear, CK DQ and Vero correlation models, no statistical necessity (p>0.05, two-way ANOVA) of including hysteresis in correlation models was proven, although during inhale breathing motion, the linear model resulted in a decreased P(5mm) with 5-6% compared to both the DQ CK and Vero models. CONCLUSION: Dual-quadratic CyberKnife and 2D Vero correlation models were interchangeable in terms of geometrical accuracy with the CK linear ME(95, @entity1493 )=4.1 mm, CK dual-quadratic ME(95, @entity1493 )=3.9 mm and Vero ME(95, @entity1493 )=3.7 mm, when modeled with FF sequence. CK DQ modeling based on 15p acquired in 20 s may lead to problems for internal motion estimation.

title: A comparison of two clinical correlation models used for real-time @entity5 tracking of semi-periodic motion: A focus on geometrical accuracy in lung and liver cancer XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Hospital quality metrics now reflect @entity1 satisfaction and are measured by Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) surveys. Understanding these metrics and drivers will be integral in providing quality care as this process evolves. This study identifies factors associated with @entity1 satisfaction as determined by HCAHPS survey responses in @entity130 and acute care surgery @entity1 . HCAHPS survey responses from acute care surgery and @entity130 @entity1 at a single institution between 3/11 and 10/12 were analyzed. Logistic regression determined which responses to individual HCAHPS questions predicted highest hospital score (a rating of 9-10/10). Demographic and clinical variables were also analyzed as predictors of satisfaction. Subgroup analysis for @entity130 @entity1 was performed. In 70.3 per cent of 182 total survey responses, a 9-10/10 score was given. The strongest predictors of highest hospital ranking were respect from doctors (odds ratio [OR] = 24.5, confidence interval [CI]: 5.44-110.4), doctors listening (OR: 9.33, CI: 3.7-23.5), nurses' listening (OR = 8.65, CI: 3.62-20.64), doctors' explanations (OR = 8.21, CI: 3.5-19.2), and attempts to control @entity158 (OR = 7.71, CI: 3.22-18.46). Clinical factors and outcomes (complications, intensive care unit/hospital length of stay, mechanism of injury, and having an operation) were nonsignificant variables. For @entity130 @entity1 , Injury Severity Score was inversely related to score (OR = 0.93, CI: 0.87-0.98). Insurance, education, and disposition were also tied to satisfaction, whereas age, gender, and ethnicity were nonsignificant. In conclusion, @entity1 perception of interactions with the healthcare team was most strongly associated with satisfaction. Complications did not negatively influence satisfaction. Insurance status might potentially identify @entity1 at risk of dissatisfaction. Listening to @entity1 , treating them with respect, and explaining the care plan are integral to a positive perception of hospital stay.

title: Measuring Satisfaction: Factors that Drive Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey Responses in a XXXX and Acute Care Surgery Population.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the key parameters associated with @entity273 induced oxidative stress and investigates the mechanism of @entity35619 (TG) for reducing the @entity5568 induced @entity137 in H9c2 cells. METHODS: @entity137 and antioxidant activity of TG was assessed by EZ-CYTOX kit. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesized according to the kit manufacture protocol. Apoptosis was measured by the Flowcytometry, general PCR and qPCR. RESULTS: It was found that the TG significantly rescued the morphology of the H9c2 cells. Treatment of cells with TG attenuated @entity5568 induced cell deaths and improved the antioxidant activity. In addition, TG regulated the apoptotic gene @entity522 , @entity8187 and anti-apoptotic gene @entity588 , @entity1836 during @entity5568 induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. These results were comparable with @entity3092 treatment. For evident, flow cytometer results also confirmed the TG significantly reduced the @entity5568 induced @entity39 and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. However, further increment of TG concentration against @entity5568 could induce the @entity39 and apoptosis along with @entity5568 . CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that less than 125   M of TG could protect the cells from @entity5568 induced cell damage by down regulating the caspases and up regulating the @entity588 and @entity1836 expression. Therefore, we suggest the @entity35619 could be useful for treatment of oxidative stress mediated @entity65 in future.

title: @entity35619 protects the cardiocyte from XXXX induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity35619 :: ('MESH:C009560', 'Chemical') :: ['trigonelline']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the key parameters associated with @entity273 induced oxidative stress and investigates the mechanism of @entity35619 (TG) for reducing the @entity5568 induced @entity137 in H9c2 cells. METHODS: @entity137 and antioxidant activity of TG was assessed by EZ-CYTOX kit. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesized according to the kit manufacture protocol. Apoptosis was measured by the Flowcytometry, general PCR and qPCR. RESULTS: It was found that the TG significantly rescued the morphology of the H9c2 cells. Treatment of cells with TG attenuated @entity5568 induced cell deaths and improved the antioxidant activity. In addition, TG regulated the apoptotic gene @entity522 , @entity8187 and anti-apoptotic gene @entity588 , @entity1836 during @entity5568 induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. These results were comparable with @entity3092 treatment. For evident, flow cytometer results also confirmed the TG significantly reduced the @entity5568 induced @entity39 and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. However, further increment of TG concentration against @entity5568 could induce the @entity39 and apoptosis along with @entity5568 . CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that less than 125   M of TG could protect the cells from @entity5568 induced cell damage by down regulating the caspases and up regulating the @entity588 and @entity1836 expression. Therefore, we suggest the @entity35619 could be useful for treatment of oxidative stress mediated @entity65 in future.

title: XXXX protects the cardiocyte from @entity273 induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells.

answer: @entity35619 :: (MESH:C009560,Chemical) :: ['Trigonelline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Fine-tuning the plasma-membrane permeability to essential nutrients is fundamental to cell growth optimization. Nutritional signals including @entity1568 availability are integrated by the @entity7093 complex which notably regulates arrestin-mediated endocytosis of @entity3689 transporters. @entity3104 is a ubiquitous compound playing key physiological roles in many, if not all, organisms. In @entity375 , it is a preferred @entity1568 source transported by three Mep proteins which are orthologues of the @entity1 Rhesus factors. By combining genetic, kinetic, biochemical and cell microscopy analyses, the current study reveals a novel mechanism enabling @entity7093 to regulate the inherent activity of @entity3104 transport proteins, independently of arrestin-mediated endocytosis, identifying the still functional orphan Amu1/Par32 as a selective regulator intermediate. We show that, under poor @entity1568 supply, the @entity7093 effector kinase' @entity13380 ' promotes phosphorylation of Amu1/Par32 which appears mainly cytosolic while @entity3104 transport proteins are active. Upon preferred @entity1568 supplementation, like @entity3264 or @entity3104 addition, @entity7093 upregulation enables @entity13380 inhibition and Amu1/Par32 dephosphorylation. In these conditions, as in @entity13380 -lacking cells, hypophosphorylated Amu1/Par32 accumulates at the cell surface and mediates the inhibition of specific @entity3104 transport proteins. We show that the integrity of a conserved repeated motif of Amu1/Par32 is required for the interaction with these transport proteins. This study underscores the diversity of strategies enabling @entity7093 - @entity13380 to selectively monitor cell permeability to nutrients by discriminating between transporters to be degraded or transiently inactivated and kept stable at the plasma membrane. This study further identifies the function of Amu1/Par32 in acute control of @entity3104 transport in response to variations in @entity1568 availability.

title: Identification of a Novel Regulatory Mechanism of Nutrient Transport Controlled by @entity7093 - XXXX -Amu1/Par32.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['Ammonium', 'ammonium']

answer: @entity13380 :: (4881,Gene) :: ['Npr1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Fine-tuning the plasma-membrane permeability to essential nutrients is fundamental to cell growth optimization. Nutritional signals including @entity1568 availability are integrated by the @entity7093 complex which notably regulates arrestin-mediated endocytosis of @entity3689 transporters. @entity3104 is a ubiquitous compound playing key physiological roles in many, if not all, organisms. In @entity375 , it is a preferred @entity1568 source transported by three Mep proteins which are orthologues of the @entity1 Rhesus factors. By combining genetic, kinetic, biochemical and cell microscopy analyses, the current study reveals a novel mechanism enabling @entity7093 to regulate the inherent activity of @entity3104 transport proteins, independently of arrestin-mediated endocytosis, identifying the still functional orphan Amu1/Par32 as a selective regulator intermediate. We show that, under poor @entity1568 supply, the @entity7093 effector kinase' @entity13380 ' promotes phosphorylation of Amu1/Par32 which appears mainly cytosolic while @entity3104 transport proteins are active. Upon preferred @entity1568 supplementation, like @entity3264 or @entity3104 addition, @entity7093 upregulation enables @entity13380 inhibition and Amu1/Par32 dephosphorylation. In these conditions, as in @entity13380 -lacking cells, hypophosphorylated Amu1/Par32 accumulates at the cell surface and mediates the inhibition of specific @entity3104 transport proteins. We show that the integrity of a conserved repeated motif of Amu1/Par32 is required for the interaction with these transport proteins. This study underscores the diversity of strategies enabling @entity7093 - @entity13380 to selectively monitor cell permeability to nutrients by discriminating between transporters to be degraded or transiently inactivated and kept stable at the plasma membrane. This study further identifies the function of Amu1/Par32 in acute control of @entity3104 transport in response to variations in @entity1568 availability.

title: Identification of a Novel Regulatory Mechanism of Nutrient Transport Controlled by XXXX - @entity13380 -Amu1/Par32.

answer: @entity7093 :: (23373,Gene) :: ['TORC1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Optimal immunosuppressive therapy in acquired @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) remains to be refined, especially @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) use. Current recommendations state that @entity9472 @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) should be maintained between 200 and 400  ng/mL despite the lack of supporting data. This study aimed at quantifying relationships between @entity9472 exposure and neutrophil response and determining an effective range for @entity9472 @entity1503 . Twenty-three @entity2150 @entity1 treated with @entity9472 were retrospectively analyzed. Nonlinear mixed effect modeling approaches were used to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. The pharmacokinetic model described the relationships between @entity9472 doses and @entity1503 . The pharmacodynamic model allowed to estimate boundaries for optimal @entity9472 effects, neutrophils being used as biomarker of response. A time-to-event model linked effective concentration to time-to-therapeutic success. @entity9472 @entity1503 were adequately described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption, a lag time, and a linear elimination. The efficient range of @entity9472 @entity1503 was estimated between 87 and 120  ng/mL. Model-based simulations and external validation in three additional @entity1 confirmed these results. This original modeling approach was successful in describing the relationship between @entity9472 @entity1503 and neutrophil response in @entity2150 @entity1 . Although further evaluation of the model is necessary, this work suggests that an optimal @entity9472 @entity1503 target of 100  ng/mL would be associated with a better neutrophil response in @entity1 with @entity2150 .

title: Model-Based Determination of Effective Blood Concentrations of @entity205 for Neutrophil Response in the Treatment of Severe XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['severe aplastic anemia', 'SAA']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['TBC', 'trough blood concentrations']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['Aplastic Anemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Optimal immunosuppressive therapy in acquired @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) remains to be refined, especially @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) use. Current recommendations state that @entity9472 @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) should be maintained between 200 and 400  ng/mL despite the lack of supporting data. This study aimed at quantifying relationships between @entity9472 exposure and neutrophil response and determining an effective range for @entity9472 @entity1503 . Twenty-three @entity2150 @entity1 treated with @entity9472 were retrospectively analyzed. Nonlinear mixed effect modeling approaches were used to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. The pharmacokinetic model described the relationships between @entity9472 doses and @entity1503 . The pharmacodynamic model allowed to estimate boundaries for optimal @entity9472 effects, neutrophils being used as biomarker of response. A time-to-event model linked effective concentration to time-to-therapeutic success. @entity9472 @entity1503 were adequately described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption, a lag time, and a linear elimination. The efficient range of @entity9472 @entity1503 was estimated between 87 and 120  ng/mL. Model-based simulations and external validation in three additional @entity1 confirmed these results. This original modeling approach was successful in describing the relationship between @entity9472 @entity1503 and neutrophil response in @entity2150 @entity1 . Although further evaluation of the model is necessary, this work suggests that an optimal @entity9472 @entity1503 target of 100  ng/mL would be associated with a better neutrophil response in @entity1 with @entity2150 .

title: Model-Based Determination of Effective Blood Concentrations of XXXX for Neutrophil Response in the Treatment of Severe @entity2150 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Optimal immunosuppressive therapy in acquired @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) remains to be refined, especially @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) use. Current recommendations state that @entity9472 @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) should be maintained between 200 and 400  ng/mL despite the lack of supporting data. This study aimed at quantifying relationships between @entity9472 exposure and neutrophil response and determining an effective range for @entity9472 @entity1503 . Twenty-three @entity2150 @entity1 treated with @entity9472 were retrospectively analyzed. Nonlinear mixed effect modeling approaches were used to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. The pharmacokinetic model described the relationships between @entity9472 doses and @entity1503 . The pharmacodynamic model allowed to estimate boundaries for optimal @entity9472 effects, neutrophils being used as biomarker of response. A time-to-event model linked effective concentration to time-to-therapeutic success. @entity9472 @entity1503 were adequately described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption, a lag time, and a linear elimination. The efficient range of @entity9472 @entity1503 was estimated between 87 and 120  ng/mL. Model-based simulations and external validation in three additional @entity1 confirmed these results. This original modeling approach was successful in describing the relationship between @entity9472 @entity1503 and neutrophil response in @entity2150 @entity1 . Although further evaluation of the model is necessary, this work suggests that an optimal @entity9472 @entity1503 target of 100  ng/mL would be associated with a better neutrophil response in @entity1 with @entity2150 .

title: Model-Based Determination of Effective Blood Concentrations of @entity205 for Neutrophil Response in the Treatment of Severe @entity2150 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines for @entity165 management defined new eligibility criteria for statin therapy. However, it is unclear whether this approach improves identification of adults at higher risk of cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the ACC/AHA guidelines improve identification of individuals who develop incident @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and/or have @entity729 ( @entity729 ) compared with the National @entity165 Education Program's 2004 Updated Third Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III) guidelines. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Longitudinal community-based cohort study, with @entity1 for this investigation drawn from the offspring and third-generation cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study. @entity1 underwent multidetector computed tomography for @entity729 between 2002 and 2005 and were followed up for a median of 9.4 years for incident @entity65 . EXPOSURES: Statin eligibility was determined based on Framingham risk factors and low-density lipoprotein thresholds for ATP III, whereas the pooled cohort calculator was used for ACC/AHA. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was incident @entity65 ( @entity583 , @entity204 due to @entity301 [ @entity301 ], or @entity385 ). Secondary outcomes were @entity301 and @entity729 (as measured by the Agatston score). RESULTS: Among 2435 statin-naive @entity1 (mean age, 51.3 [SD, 8.6] years; 56% female), 39% (941/2435) were statin eligible by ACC/AHA compared with 14% (348/2435) by ATP III (P   <   .001). There were 74 incident @entity65 events (40 nonfatal @entity583 , 31 nonfatal @entity385 , and 3 fatal @entity301 events). @entity1 who were statin eligible by ACC/AHA had increased hazard ratios for incident @entity65 compared with those eligible by @entity855 III: 6.8 (95% CI, 3.8-11.9) vs 3.1 (95% CI, 1.9-5.0), respectively (P<.001). Similar results were seen for @entity65 in @entity1 with intermediate Framingham Risk Scores and for @entity301 . @entity1 who were newly statin eligible (n   =   593 [24%]) had an incident @entity65 rate of 5.7%, yielding a number needed to treat of 39 to 58. @entity1 with @entity729 were more likely to be statin eligible by ACC/AHA than by ATP III: @entity729 score >0 (n   =   1015): 63% vs 23%; @entity729 score >100 (n   =   376): 80% vs 32%; and @entity729 score >300 (n   =   186): 85% vs 34% (all P   <   .001). A @entity729 score of 0 identified a low-risk group among ACC/AHA statin-eligible @entity1 (306/941 [33%]) with a @entity65 rate of 1.6%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this community-based primary prevention cohort, the ACC/AHA guidelines for determining statin eligibility, compared with the ATP III, were associated with greater accuracy and efficiency in identifying increased risk of incident @entity65 and subclinical @entity453 , particularly in intermediate-risk @entity1 .

title: Guideline-Based Statin Eligibility, XXXX , and Cardiovascular Events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol', 'Cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Calcification']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Total and differential leukocyte counts are useful inflammatory biomarkers. The ability of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to predict outcomes in @entity1 with @entity573 ( @entity573 ) was assessed in this study. All @entity1 with @entity573 who underwent consecutive complete blood count analyses during the acute febrile phase before intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 2  days after IVIG regardless of defervescence, and 3 to 4  weeks after defervescence were enrolled. NLR was calculated by dividing the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count. NLR values that best predicted IVIG resistance and the development of @entity453 were determined by receiver-operating characteristic curve and multivariate analyses. Of the 587 @entity1 with @entity573 , 222 were IVIG resistant. IVIG-resistant @entity1 had higher NLRs than IVIG-responsive @entity1 . The best NLR cut-off values during the acute febrile phase and 2  days after IVIG for predicting IVIG resistance were 5.49 (p <0.001) and 1.26 (p <0.001), respectively. Sixty-two @entity1 developed @entity453 ; 47 had coronary dilatation, and 15 had @entity439 . @entity1 with @entity439 , but not @entity1 with dilatation, had higher NLRs than @entity1 without @entity453 . The best NLR cut-off value 2  days after IVIG for predicting @entity439 development was 1.01 (p  <0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the NLR 2  days after IVIG independently predicted @entity574 development (p  = 0.03) and IVIG resistance (p <0.001). In conclusion, the NLR can be used for risk stratification in @entity1 with @entity573 . An NLR 2  days after IVIG that exceeded 1 was predictive of @entity574 development and IVIG resistance.

title: Value of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary aneurysm']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki Disease']


abstract: We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and risk factors of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia among Chinese adults with newly diagnosed @entity645 /AIDS. One thousand nine hundred and forty-eight newly diagnosed @entity645 -infected @entity1 were enrolled between 2009 and 2010. Serum samples obtained from each individual were collected for complete blood count. Factors associated with the presence of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. The overall prevalence of leukopenia and of thrombocytopenia was 33.2% and 15.6%, respectively. The prevalence of leukopenia was higher among females than among males (39.4% versus 31.2%). The prevalence of leukopenia increased with decreasing @entity404 count (8.2%, 26.5%, 33.4%, and 41.5% among @entity1 with @entity404 count of >=  350, 200-349, 50-199, and < 50 cells/mm3 respectively). The prevalence of thrombocytopenia also showed an increasing trend with decreasing @entity404 count (5.8%, 12.2%, 17.8%, and 17.5% among @entity1 with @entity404 count of >=  350, 200-349, 50-199, and < 50 cells/mm3, respectively). Logistic analysis showed that female sex, lower @entity404 count, and Han ethnicity were significantly associated with an increased risk of leukopenia, and that lower @entity404 count, and @entity645 transmission by blood were significantly associated with an increased risk of thrombocytopenia. The study reflects that leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are common among Chinese adults with newly diagnosed @entity645 /AIDS; and lower @entity404 count is associated with an increased risk of both leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. We propose that a routine assessment of these parameters is necessary for timely and adequate clinical management.

title: A cross-sectional study of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia among Chinese adults with newly diagnosed XXXX /AIDS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Elevated @entity3027 is believed to be one of the crucial factors involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Its expression was recently found to be governed by the transcription factor @entity16262 which is involved in an autoregulatory triad along with @entity517 and the microRNA polycistron @entity10014 . However, this intricate triad has seldom been investigated in SLE @entity1 . Therefore, the current study was undertaken to investigate the expression pattern of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 triad in peripheral blood of SLE @entity1 as well as to examine the impact of manipulating this triad using @entity12425 mimics and inhibitors on @entity3027 signature in SLE @entity1 . METHODS: Expression of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 triad and the @entity3027 -stimulated gene @entity13434 was analyzed using real time qPCR. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE @entity1 and controls were transfected with @entity12425 mimics and antagomirs using the HiPerfect transfection reagent. RESULTS: @entity16262 transcripts and @entity12425 were significantly downregulated while @entity517 and @entity13434 transcripts were significantly upregulated in SLE. Also, transfection of SLE PBMCs with @entity12425 mimics led to a substantial repression of @entity16262 and @entity517 expression. The overall change in this triad upon @entity12425 mimicking resulted in lowering the transcript levels of the @entity3027 -inducible gene @entity13434 in SLE. CONCLUSION: This may advocate the manipulation/use of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 trinity to effectively control the aberrantly high levels of type I @entity3027 activity in lupus @entity1 .

title: Targeting @entity16262 and @entity517 expression by microRNA-17-5p represses interferon-stimulated gene XXXX in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['type I interferon (IFN)', 'IFN']

answer: @entity13434 :: (4599,Gene) :: ['MxA']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Elevated @entity3027 is believed to be one of the crucial factors involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Its expression was recently found to be governed by the transcription factor @entity16262 which is involved in an autoregulatory triad along with @entity517 and the microRNA polycistron @entity10014 . However, this intricate triad has seldom been investigated in SLE @entity1 . Therefore, the current study was undertaken to investigate the expression pattern of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 triad in peripheral blood of SLE @entity1 as well as to examine the impact of manipulating this triad using @entity12425 mimics and inhibitors on @entity3027 signature in SLE @entity1 . METHODS: Expression of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 triad and the @entity3027 -stimulated gene @entity13434 was analyzed using real time qPCR. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE @entity1 and controls were transfected with @entity12425 mimics and antagomirs using the HiPerfect transfection reagent. RESULTS: @entity16262 transcripts and @entity12425 were significantly downregulated while @entity517 and @entity13434 transcripts were significantly upregulated in SLE. Also, transfection of SLE PBMCs with @entity12425 mimics led to a substantial repression of @entity16262 and @entity517 expression. The overall change in this triad upon @entity12425 mimicking resulted in lowering the transcript levels of the @entity3027 -inducible gene @entity13434 in SLE. CONCLUSION: This may advocate the manipulation/use of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 trinity to effectively control the aberrantly high levels of type I @entity3027 activity in lupus @entity1 .

title: Targeting @entity16262 and XXXX expression by microRNA-17-5p represses interferon-stimulated gene @entity13434 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus @entity1 .

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-Myc']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Elevated @entity3027 is believed to be one of the crucial factors involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Its expression was recently found to be governed by the transcription factor @entity16262 which is involved in an autoregulatory triad along with @entity517 and the microRNA polycistron @entity10014 . However, this intricate triad has seldom been investigated in SLE @entity1 . Therefore, the current study was undertaken to investigate the expression pattern of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 triad in peripheral blood of SLE @entity1 as well as to examine the impact of manipulating this triad using @entity12425 mimics and inhibitors on @entity3027 signature in SLE @entity1 . METHODS: Expression of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 triad and the @entity3027 -stimulated gene @entity13434 was analyzed using real time qPCR. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE @entity1 and controls were transfected with @entity12425 mimics and antagomirs using the HiPerfect transfection reagent. RESULTS: @entity16262 transcripts and @entity12425 were significantly downregulated while @entity517 and @entity13434 transcripts were significantly upregulated in SLE. Also, transfection of SLE PBMCs with @entity12425 mimics led to a substantial repression of @entity16262 and @entity517 expression. The overall change in this triad upon @entity12425 mimicking resulted in lowering the transcript levels of the @entity3027 -inducible gene @entity13434 in SLE. CONCLUSION: This may advocate the manipulation/use of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 trinity to effectively control the aberrantly high levels of type I @entity3027 activity in lupus @entity1 .

title: Targeting XXXX and @entity517 expression by microRNA-17-5p represses interferon-stimulated gene @entity13434 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus @entity1 .

answer: @entity16262 :: (1869,Gene) :: ['E2F1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Elevated @entity3027 is believed to be one of the crucial factors involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Its expression was recently found to be governed by the transcription factor @entity16262 which is involved in an autoregulatory triad along with @entity517 and the microRNA polycistron @entity10014 . However, this intricate triad has seldom been investigated in SLE @entity1 . Therefore, the current study was undertaken to investigate the expression pattern of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 triad in peripheral blood of SLE @entity1 as well as to examine the impact of manipulating this triad using @entity12425 mimics and inhibitors on @entity3027 signature in SLE @entity1 . METHODS: Expression of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 triad and the @entity3027 -stimulated gene @entity13434 was analyzed using real time qPCR. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE @entity1 and controls were transfected with @entity12425 mimics and antagomirs using the HiPerfect transfection reagent. RESULTS: @entity16262 transcripts and @entity12425 were significantly downregulated while @entity517 and @entity13434 transcripts were significantly upregulated in SLE. Also, transfection of SLE PBMCs with @entity12425 mimics led to a substantial repression of @entity16262 and @entity517 expression. The overall change in this triad upon @entity12425 mimicking resulted in lowering the transcript levels of the @entity3027 -inducible gene @entity13434 in SLE. CONCLUSION: This may advocate the manipulation/use of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 trinity to effectively control the aberrantly high levels of type I @entity3027 activity in lupus @entity1 .

title: Targeting @entity16262 and @entity517 expression by microRNA-17-5p represses interferon-stimulated gene @entity13434 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Coronary angiography was performed in the acute stage of @entity583 in 65 @entity1 . The @entity1188 was occluded in 50 @entity1 ; it was narrowed greater than 90% in the remaining 15 @entity1 . Control angiography was performed 55 +/- 46 d after acute @entity583 in 18 @entity1 . In the chronic stage, five of thirteen previously occluded vessels showed antegrade filling of the distal segment. The narrowing at the site of previous obstruction was 80--95%. In two of five @entity1 with a @entity850 , the lumen of the @entity1188 was clearly larger in the chronic stage. The end-diastolic volume index increased significantly from 86 +/- 23 ml/m2 in the acute stage to 110 +/- 35 ml/m2 in the chronic stage (p less than 0.001). The increase in the end-systolic volume index from 42 +/- 15 ml/m2 to 63 +/- 31 ml/m2 was also statistically significant (p less than 0.005). @entity64 volume index, ejection fraction, and the length of the @entity2845 segment (AKS) did not change significantly. There was a weak correlation between the end-systolic volume index and the length of the AKS in the acute stage (r = 0.489, p less than 0.05) and a better correlation in the chronic stage (r = 0.602, p less than 0.01). The ejection fraction and the length of the AKS correlated in the chronic stage only (r = 0.795, p less than 0.001).

title: Changes in coronary anatomy and left ventricular function from the acute to the chronic stage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related vessel']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal stenosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: AIM: To determine if a noninvasive complementary therapy, Healing Touch, would benefit @entity1 undergoing diagnostic procedures for the determination of @entity0 . @entity1 often experience high levels of fear and @entity148 during this diagnostic period. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled pilot study. METHOD: An out- @entity1 clinic specializing in breast care management was used. Seventy-three @entity1 age 18 to 85 years old participated, with 31 in the control group of standard care and 42 in the intervention group receiving Healing Touch, a noninvasive energy therapy. A specific technique, magnetic clearing, was provided by a practitioner for 15 minutes prior to the biopsy procedure. Both the State-Trait @entity148 Inventory and the Coping Resources Inventory were used preprocedurally and the following day to assess changes. RESULTS: A mixed analysis of variance indicated that State @entity148 for the Healing Touch group showed a statistically significant reduction of @entity148 that was sustained into the following day, F(2, 142) = 10.94, p < .001. For Trait @entity148 , there was a significant change pre-and postintervention to the day after, F(2, 142) = 5.15, p < .007. The Coping Resources Inventory had significant changes in two subcategories, Emotional, F(2, 142) = 6.10, p = .003, and the Spiritual/Philosophical, F(2, 142) = 6.10, p < .001, in the Healing Touch group. CONCLUSION: Healing Touch may have benefit in reducing @entity148 from diagnostic breast procedures.

title: An Initial Study Using Healing Touch for XXXX Undergoing a Breast Biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia is associated with deficits in face and affect recognition, which contribute to broader social functioning deficits. The present aim was to conduct a meta-analysis of early face processing in schizophrenia, as indexed by the @entity7286 event-related potential component. METHODS: Twelve studies (n = 328 @entity1 with schizophrenia, n = 330 healthy controls) of the @entity7286 component during face processing were evaluated by calculating Cohen's d for each study and overall weighted mean effect size (ES). In additional exploratory analyses, moderating influences of method and design were investigated, and the @entity7286 component during face processing was evaluated based on valence: 5 studies (n = 225 @entity1 , n = 225 controls) included neutral stimuli, 5 studies (n = 225 @entity1 , n = 225 controls) included happy stimuli, and 4 studies (n = 209 @entity1 , n = 209 controls) included fearful stimuli. RESULTS: The amplitude of the @entity7286 to face stimuli was smaller in @entity1 relative to controls (ES = .41, P < .01). Methodological or design differences did not account for heterogeneity in ES. When split by valence, results indicate smaller @entity7286 in @entity1 relative to control subjects in response to neutral (ES = .32, P < .001) and happy (ES = .21, P < .05) stimuli, whereas there was no difference in response to fearful faces (ES = .09, P > .05). DISCUSSION: The results indicate that @entity7286 amplitude in response to faces is smaller in @entity1 with schizophrenia, showing that socially relevant visual processing deficits begin earlier in processing than previously suggested. Additionally, the exploratory analyses suggest emotional specificity in these deficits. Ramifications for our understanding of face processing deficits and treatment development are discussed.

title: Deficits in Early Stages of Face Processing in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of the XXXX Component.

answer: @entity7286 :: (4791,Gene) :: ['P100']


abstract: The number of dermatologic entities that can be studied by ultrasound examination (US) of the skin is increasing. Conventional US and high frequency US (HFUS) are considered useful additional tools in improving the diagnosis and management of common benign and malignant @entity1489 . US may help in positive and differential diagnosis of primary @entity5 and of locoregional spread in @entity320 @entity1 . US preoperative evaluation of primary @entity320 thickness correlates with histologically estimated @entity320 thickness, and can help determine surgical margins and indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy. It is also useful during follow-up after surgical treatment for early detection of recurrence or @entity3 . In this case report, we present two cases of @entity272 clinically suspicious for @entity5 . The first lesion was a round nodule 3 mm in diameter, resembling a @entity4482 . In HFUS it was well delimited, hypoechoic, and well vascularized. The second lesion presented as an elevated, well-circumscribed nodule, 5-6 mm in diameter, inhomogeneous in color. HFUS depicted a poorly delimited, irregular, @entity75 crossing the dermoepidermal junction. At the first exam it was not vascularized, but 6 months later a number of vascular flow signals within the lesion were found. In histopathological examination the lesions were finally diagnosed as, respectively: benign cavernous @entity2695 and @entity320 . In both presented cases HFUS proved to be useful in a differential diagnosis of suspicious @entity272 . Noninvasive and easy to perform, HFUS is a valuable diagnostic method in dermatology.

title: High frequency ultrasonography of the skin and its role as an auxillary tool in diagnosis of benign and malignant XXXX - a comparison of two clinical cases.

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic neoplasms', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoechoic lesion']

entities_list: @entity4482 :: ('MESH:D018329', 'Disease') :: ['blue nevus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cutaneous tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate risk factors for survival in a large international cohort of @entity1 with primary @entity5 (PUC). METHODS: A series of 154 @entity1 (109 @entity1 , 45 @entity1 ) were diagnosed with PUC in ten referral centers between 1993 and 2012. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test was used to investigate various potential prognostic factors for recurrence-free ( @entity4434 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Multivariate models were constructed to evaluate independent risk factors for recurrence and @entity204 . RESULTS: Median age at definitive treatment was 66  years (IQR 58-76). Histology was @entity189 in 72 (47  %), @entity957 in 46 (30  %), @entity420 in 17 (11  %), and mixed and other histology in 11 (7  %) and nine (6  %), respectively. A high degree of concordance between clinical and pathologic nodal staging (cN+/cN0 vs. pN+/pN0; p  <  0.001) was noted. For clinical nodal staging, the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy for predicting pathologic nodal stage were 92.8, 92.3, and 92.4  %, respectively. In multivariable Cox-regression analysis for @entity1 staged cM0 at initial diagnosis, @entity4434 was significantly associated with clinical nodal stage (p  <  0.001), @entity5 location (p  <  0.001), and age (p  =  0.001), whereas clinical nodal stage was the only independent predictor for @entity1349 (p  =  0.026). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that clinical nodal stage is a critical parameter for outcomes in PUC.

title: Prognostic factors and outcomes in primary @entity5 : results from the international collaboration on primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urethral cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urethral carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate risk factors for survival in a large international cohort of @entity1 with primary @entity5 (PUC). METHODS: A series of 154 @entity1 (109 @entity1 , 45 @entity1 ) were diagnosed with PUC in ten referral centers between 1993 and 2012. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test was used to investigate various potential prognostic factors for recurrence-free ( @entity4434 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Multivariate models were constructed to evaluate independent risk factors for recurrence and @entity204 . RESULTS: Median age at definitive treatment was 66  years (IQR 58-76). Histology was @entity189 in 72 (47  %), @entity957 in 46 (30  %), @entity420 in 17 (11  %), and mixed and other histology in 11 (7  %) and nine (6  %), respectively. A high degree of concordance between clinical and pathologic nodal staging (cN+/cN0 vs. pN+/pN0; p  <  0.001) was noted. For clinical nodal staging, the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy for predicting pathologic nodal stage were 92.8, 92.3, and 92.4  %, respectively. In multivariable Cox-regression analysis for @entity1 staged cM0 at initial diagnosis, @entity4434 was significantly associated with clinical nodal stage (p  <  0.001), @entity5 location (p  <  0.001), and age (p  =  0.001), whereas clinical nodal stage was the only independent predictor for @entity1349 (p  =  0.026). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that clinical nodal stage is a critical parameter for outcomes in PUC.

title: Prognostic factors and outcomes in primary XXXX : results from the international collaboration on primary @entity189 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urethral cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is one of the most common @entity697 associated with a substantial clinical and economic burden. There have been few studies assessing incidence rate, duration of hospitalization, and costs of hospitalized @entity497 by age and care-setting. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted using a nationwide Dutch database containing healthcare claims data of 16.7 million inhabitants. @entity1 with at least one claim with a discharge diagnosis of @entity497 between January 2008 and December 2011 were selected. The main outcome measures considered were the incidence rate, duration of hospitalization, and the direct costs of hospitalized @entity497 stratified by age and care-setting. RESULTS: In total, 195,372 @entity497 cases were included in the analysis resulting in an average incidence of 295 per 100,000 population per year. Sixty-three percent (123,357) of the included @entity1 were hospitalized for 1 or more nights, of which 5.9% (n=7241) spent at least one night in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Overall, these 123,357 @entity1 spent 824,985 days in the hospital of which 48,324 were spent on the ICU. The mean duration of hospitalization of ICU @entity1 and general ward @entity1 was 15.2 days and 6.2 days, respectively. The total costs related to all 195,372 @entity497 episodes during these 4 years were    711 million, with the majority (76%) occurring among those aged 50 years and older. Median (and mean) costs were dependent on age and type of care with costs ranging from    344 (   482) per episode for 0-9 year olds treated in the outpatient hospital setting up to    10,284 (   16,374) per episode for 50-64 year olds admitted to the ICU. CONCLUSION: There is a large variation in terms of incidence, disease burden and costs across different age groups and the treatment setting. Effective interventions, targeted at older adults, to prevent @entity55 could reduce the (financial) burden due to @entity55 .

title: Incidence, direct costs and duration of hospitalization of @entity1 hospitalized with community acquired XXXX : A nationwide retrospective claims database analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Community-acquired pneumonia', 'CAP']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infections']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is one of the most common @entity697 associated with a substantial clinical and economic burden. There have been few studies assessing incidence rate, duration of hospitalization, and costs of hospitalized @entity497 by age and care-setting. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted using a nationwide Dutch database containing healthcare claims data of 16.7 million inhabitants. @entity1 with at least one claim with a discharge diagnosis of @entity497 between January 2008 and December 2011 were selected. The main outcome measures considered were the incidence rate, duration of hospitalization, and the direct costs of hospitalized @entity497 stratified by age and care-setting. RESULTS: In total, 195,372 @entity497 cases were included in the analysis resulting in an average incidence of 295 per 100,000 population per year. Sixty-three percent (123,357) of the included @entity1 were hospitalized for 1 or more nights, of which 5.9% (n=7241) spent at least one night in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Overall, these 123,357 @entity1 spent 824,985 days in the hospital of which 48,324 were spent on the ICU. The mean duration of hospitalization of ICU @entity1 and general ward @entity1 was 15.2 days and 6.2 days, respectively. The total costs related to all 195,372 @entity497 episodes during these 4 years were    711 million, with the majority (76%) occurring among those aged 50 years and older. Median (and mean) costs were dependent on age and type of care with costs ranging from    344 (   482) per episode for 0-9 year olds treated in the outpatient hospital setting up to    10,284 (   16,374) per episode for 50-64 year olds admitted to the ICU. CONCLUSION: There is a large variation in terms of incidence, disease burden and costs across different age groups and the treatment setting. Effective interventions, targeted at older adults, to prevent @entity55 could reduce the (financial) burden due to @entity55 .

title: Incidence, direct costs and duration of hospitalization of XXXX hospitalized with community acquired @entity55 : A nationwide retrospective claims database analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate by magnetic resonance imaging the physical effects of convective thermal energy transfer with water vapor as a means of treating lower urinary tract symptoms due to @entity1067 . METHODS: Sixty-five @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms were treated with the Rez  m System by transurethral intraprostatic injection of water vapor. A group of 45 of these @entity1 consented to undergo a series of @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imagings of the prostate after treatment to monitor the size and location of ablative lesions, their time course of resolution, and the corresponding change in prostate tissue volume. Visualization was conducted at 1  week, 1, 3, and 6  months after treatment. RESULTS: Outcomes were available for 44 @entity1 . Convective thermal lesions were limited to the transition zone and correlated with targeted treatment locations. At 1  week after treatment, the mean volume of ablative lesions was 8.2 cm(3) (0.5-24.0 cm(3)). At 6  months, whole prostate volume was reduced by a mean of 28.9% and transition zone volume by 38.0% as compared with baseline 1-week images. At 3 and 6  months after treatment, the lesion volumes had reduced by 91.5% and 95.1%, respectively. Lesions remained within the targeted treatment zone without compromising integrity of the bladder, rectum, or striated urinary sphincter. CONCLUSION: This imaging study confirms the delivery of convective water vapor technology to create thermal lesions in the prostate tissue. Lesions generated underwent near complete resolution by 3 and 6  months after treatment with a concomitant one-third reduction in overall prostate and transition zone volumes.

title: Rez  m System Water Vapor Treatment for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/ XXXX : Validation of Convective Thermal Energy Transfer and Characterization With Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 3-Dimensional Renderings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity450 ( @entity450 ) is used for the treatment of @entity438 . Small case series have been reported in the literature but few studies with a large number of @entity1 have been published. We present our experience with the @entity450 for the treatment of @entity438 in Canada. METHODS: Centers across Canada using SFDs were contacted to fill out a case report form for @entity1 treated with an @entity450 in their center. Individual centers were responsible for approval from their ethics committee. Image analysis was performed by individual operators. The case report forms were collected and the final analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 92 @entity1 were treated with SFDs in eight centers in Canada between January 2009 and August 2013. The @entity439 were located in the posterior circulation in 16 @entity1 and in the anterior circulation in 76 @entity1 . Most @entity439 (75%) were saccular in shape; 22% were fusiform and 3% were @entity439 . The size of the @entity439 varied from 2 to 60   mm with the neck varying from 2 to 60   mm. Perioperative morbidity and mortality were 8.7% and 2.2%, respectively. At the last available follow-up, 83.1% of the @entity439 were either completely or near-completely occluded. The rate of complications was higher for @entity439 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity450 appears to be an important tool for the treatment of @entity438 . Treatment outcomes and complication rates remain a problem, but should be considered in the context of available alternative interventions. Ongoing analysis of flow-diverting stents for radiographic and clinical performance is required.

title: XXXX for @entity438 : a Canadian registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'fusiform aneurysms', 'blister aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['SFD', 'SILK flow diverter']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms', 'complex intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['SILK flow diverter']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity450 ( @entity450 ) is used for the treatment of @entity438 . Small case series have been reported in the literature but few studies with a large number of @entity1 have been published. We present our experience with the @entity450 for the treatment of @entity438 in Canada. METHODS: Centers across Canada using SFDs were contacted to fill out a case report form for @entity1 treated with an @entity450 in their center. Individual centers were responsible for approval from their ethics committee. Image analysis was performed by individual operators. The case report forms were collected and the final analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 92 @entity1 were treated with SFDs in eight centers in Canada between January 2009 and August 2013. The @entity439 were located in the posterior circulation in 16 @entity1 and in the anterior circulation in 76 @entity1 . Most @entity439 (75%) were saccular in shape; 22% were fusiform and 3% were @entity439 . The size of the @entity439 varied from 2 to 60   mm with the neck varying from 2 to 60   mm. Perioperative morbidity and mortality were 8.7% and 2.2%, respectively. At the last available follow-up, 83.1% of the @entity439 were either completely or near-completely occluded. The rate of complications was higher for @entity439 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity450 appears to be an important tool for the treatment of @entity438 . Treatment outcomes and complication rates remain a problem, but should be considered in the context of available alternative interventions. Ongoing analysis of flow-diverting stents for radiographic and clinical performance is required.

title: @entity450 for XXXX : a Canadian registry.

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['complex intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: Survivors of childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ) exhibit increased rates of @entity149 . This study was conducted to test whether interpatient variability in neurocognitive outcomes can be explained by polymorphisms in candidate genes conferring susceptibility to @entity149 . METHODS: Neurocognitive testing was conducted in 350 pediatric @entity1778 survivors, treated on Dana-Farber @entity5 Institute @entity981 Consortium Protocols 95-01 or 00-01. Genomic DNA was isolated from bone marrow collected at remission. Candidate polymorphisms were selected on the basis of prior literature, targeting genes related to drug metabolism, oxidative damage, altered neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and @entity1501 physiology. Single @entity4334 polymorphisms were detected using either a customized multiplexed Sequenom MassARRAY assay or polymerase chain reaction-based allelic discrimination assays. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of genotype on neurocognitive outcomes, adjusted for the effects of demographic and treatment variables. False-discovery rate correction was made for multiple hypothesis testing, indicated as a Q value. RESULTS: Inferior cognitive or behavioral outcomes were associated with polymorphisms in three genes related to oxidative stress and/or neuroinflammation: @entity9554 (IQ, Q = 0.008; Vocabulary Q = 0.011; Matrix Reasoning Q = 0.008), @entity45602 (IQ Q = 0.043; Digit Span Q = 0.006; Block Design Q = 0.076), and @entity5549 (Behavioral Assessment System for @entity1 -2 Attention Q = 0.080; and Hyperactivity Q = 0.084). Survivors homozygous for @entity9554 894T, with at least one @entity45602 variant G allele or with at least one @entity4191 variant allele, had lower mean estimated IQ scores than those without these genotypes. CONCLUSION: These data are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative damage contributes to chemotherapy-associated @entity149 among @entity1 with @entity1778 .

title: Polymorphisms in Genes Related to Oxidative Stress Are Associated With Inferior Cognitive Function After Therapy for Childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive deficits', 'neurocognitive decline']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia']


abstract: AIM: To assess the safety and feasibility of peroral esophageal myotomy (POEM) in @entity1 with @entity1318 . METHODS: From January 2012 to March 2014, 50 @entity1 (28 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ; mean age: 42.8 years, range: 14-70 years) underwent POEM. Pre- and postoperative symptoms were quantified using the Eckardt scoring system. Barium swallow and esophagogastroscopy were performed before and after POEM, respectively. Esophageal motility was evaluated in all @entity1 , both preoperatively and one month after POEM treatment, using a high-resolution manometry system. Manometry data, Eckardt scores, lower esophageal sphincter pressure and barium swallow results were used to evaluate the effect of the procedure. RESULTS: POEM was successfully completed for all @entity1 . The mean procedure time was 55.4    17.3 min and the mean total length of myotomy of the circular esophagus was 10.5    2.6 cm. No specific complications occurred, with the exception of two @entity1 that developed asymptomatic @entity14303 and @entity9285 . Clinical improvement in symptoms was achieved in all @entity1 . Approximately 77.5% of @entity1 experienced @entity1017 6 mo after POEM, with an average of 4.78 kg (range: 2-15 kg). The lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure, four second integrated relaxation pressure and Eckardt scores were all significantly reduced after POEM (Ps < 0.05). A small segment of proximal esophageal peristalsis appeared postoperatively in two @entity1 , but without normal esophageal peristalsis. The average diameter of the esophageal lumen decreased significantly from 4.39 to 3.09 cm (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: POEM can relieve @entity1318 symptoms, improve gastroesophageal junction relaxation and restore esophageal body motility function, but not normal esophageal peristalsis.

title: Effect of peroral esophageal myotomy for XXXX treatment: A Chinese study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity14303 :: ('MESH:D008478', 'Disease') :: ['pneumomediastinum']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: AIM: To retrospectively evaluate our experience with the diagnosis and surgical resection of esophageal @entity674 ( @entity674 ). METHODS: Between January 2003 and August 2014, five @entity2910 cases were admitted to our hospital. In this study, the hospital records, surgery outcomes, @entity5 recurrence and survival of these @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 45.6 years (range: 12-62 years). Three @entity1 presented with @entity1282 , and one @entity1 presented with chest discomfort. The remaining @entity1 was asymptomatic. Four @entity1 were diagnosed with esophageal @entity674 by a preoperative endoscopic biopsy. Three @entity1 underwent esophagectomy, and two @entity1 underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The mean operating time was 116 min (range: 95-148 min), and the mean @entity190 was 176 mL (range: 30-300 mL). All @entity5 were completely resected. The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 8.4 d (range: 6-12 d). All @entity1 recovered and were discharged successfully. The median postoperative follow-up duration was 48 mo (range: 29-72 mo). One @entity1 was diagnosed with recurrence, one @entity1 was lost to follow-up, and three @entity1 were asymptomatic and are currently being managed with close radiologic and clinical follow-up. CONCLUSION: Surgery is the standard, effective and successful treatment for esophageal @entity674 . Long-term follow-up is required to monitor recurrence and @entity3 .

title: Diagnosis and surgical treatment of esophageal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal GIST']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: In this perspective, we discuss how the nonlinear optical technique of second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has been used to greatly enhance our understanding of the @entity5 microenvironment (TME) of @entity5344 . Striking changes in collagen architecture are associated with these @entity5 , and SHG can image these changes with great sensitivity and specificity with submicrometer resolution. This information has not historically been exploited by pathologists but has the potential to enhance diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. We summarize the utility of image processing tools that analyze fiber morphology in SHG images of @entity5344 in @entity1 tissues and animal models. We also describe methods that exploit the SHG physical underpinnings that are effective in delineating normal and malignant tissues. First we describe the use of polarization-resolved SHG that yields metrics related to macromolecular and supramolecular structures. The coherence and corresponding phase-matching process of SHG results in emission directionality (forward to backward), which is related to sub-resolution fibrillar assembly. These analyses are more general and more broadly applicable than purely morphology-based analyses; however, they are more computationally intensive. Intravital imaging techniques are also emerging that incorporate all of these quantitative analyses. Now, all these techniques can be coupled with rapidly advancing miniaturization of imaging systems to afford their use in clinical situations including enhancing pathology analysis and also in assisting in real-time surgical @entity5 margins.

title: Applications of second-harmonic generation imaging XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'tumor', 'determination of tumor']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['microscopy in ovarian and breast cancer']


abstract: Activation of prefrontal cortical (PFC), striatal, and hippocampal @entity935 1-class receptors (D1R and @entity53611 ) is necessary for normal spatial information processing. Yet the precise role of the D1R versus the @entity53611 in the aforementioned structures, and their specific contribution to the water-maze spatial learning task remains unknown. D1R- and D5R-specific in situ hybridization probes showed that forebrain restricted D1R and D5R KO @entity19 (F-D1R/ @entity53611 KO) displayed D1R mRNA deletion in the medial (m)PFC, dorsal and ventral striatum, and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. D5R mRNA deletion was limited to the mPFC, the @entity4778 and DG hippocampal subregions. F-D1R/D5R KO @entity19 were given water-maze training and displayed subtle spatial latency differences between genotypes and spatial @entity2414 during both regular and reversal training. To differentiate forebrain D1R from D5R activation, forebrain restricted D1R KO (F-D1R KO) and D5R KO (F-D5R KO) @entity19 were trained on the water-maze task. F-D1R KO animals exhibited escape latency deficits throughout regular and reversal training as well as spatial @entity2414 during reversal training. F-D1R KO @entity19 also showed perseverative behavior during the reversal spatial memory probe test. In contrast, F-D5R KO animals did not present observable deficits on the water-maze task. Because F-D1R KO @entity19 showed water-maze deficits we tested the necessity of hippocampal D1R activation for spatial learning and memory. We trained DG restricted D1R KO (DG-D1R KO) @entity19 on the water-maze task. DG-D1R KO @entity19 did not present detectable spatial @entity2414 , but did show @entity51 during specific days of training. Our data provides evidence that forebrain D5R activation plays a unique role in spatial learning and memory in conjunction with D1R activation. Moreover, these data suggest that mPFC and striatal, but not DG D1R activation are essential for spatial learning and memory.

title: Differentiation of forebrain and hippocampal @entity935 1-class receptors, D1R and XXXX , in spatial learning and memory.

entities_list: @entity53611 :: ('p|SUB|D|5|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D5R']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['subtle deficits']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficit', 'memory deficits']

answer: @entity53611 :: (p|SUB|D|5|R,ProteinMutation) :: ['D5R']


abstract: Activation of prefrontal cortical (PFC), striatal, and hippocampal @entity935 1-class receptors (D1R and @entity53611 ) is necessary for normal spatial information processing. Yet the precise role of the D1R versus the @entity53611 in the aforementioned structures, and their specific contribution to the water-maze spatial learning task remains unknown. D1R- and D5R-specific in situ hybridization probes showed that forebrain restricted D1R and D5R KO @entity19 (F-D1R/ @entity53611 KO) displayed D1R mRNA deletion in the medial (m)PFC, dorsal and ventral striatum, and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. D5R mRNA deletion was limited to the mPFC, the @entity4778 and DG hippocampal subregions. F-D1R/D5R KO @entity19 were given water-maze training and displayed subtle spatial latency differences between genotypes and spatial @entity2414 during both regular and reversal training. To differentiate forebrain D1R from D5R activation, forebrain restricted D1R KO (F-D1R KO) and D5R KO (F-D5R KO) @entity19 were trained on the water-maze task. F-D1R KO animals exhibited escape latency deficits throughout regular and reversal training as well as spatial @entity2414 during reversal training. F-D1R KO @entity19 also showed perseverative behavior during the reversal spatial memory probe test. In contrast, F-D5R KO animals did not present observable deficits on the water-maze task. Because F-D1R KO @entity19 showed water-maze deficits we tested the necessity of hippocampal D1R activation for spatial learning and memory. We trained DG restricted D1R KO (DG-D1R KO) @entity19 on the water-maze task. DG-D1R KO @entity19 did not present detectable spatial @entity2414 , but did show @entity51 during specific days of training. Our data provides evidence that forebrain D5R activation plays a unique role in spatial learning and memory in conjunction with D1R activation. Moreover, these data suggest that mPFC and striatal, but not DG D1R activation are essential for spatial learning and memory.

title: Differentiation of forebrain and hippocampal XXXX 1-class receptors, D1R and @entity53611 , in spatial learning and memory.

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6300 nephropathy is a relatively rare idiopathic glomerulopathy characterized by mesangial immunoglobulin and complement deposits with dominance or co-dominance of @entity6300 , with no evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. We describe the incidence, clinical manifestation, histopathological features, and follow-up of @entity1 with @entity6300 nephropathy at our institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 750 kidney biopsy specimens obtained in the period of January 2000 to December 2011, all the cases that meet the criteria for the diagnosis of @entity6300 nephropathy were retrieved.   The histological slides were examined and the clinical charts were reviewed by 2renal pathologists. RESULTS: We had 11 @entity1 , all @entity1 , that met the criteria for the diagnosis of @entity6300 nephropathy accounting for an incidence of 1.5%.   The mean age at the time of presentation was 3.7 years and all the @entity1 were presented with nephrotic syndrome. Two @entity1 had microhematuria and 2 had hypertension. Histological examination of these cases showed variable degrees of mesangial cells hypercellularity and matrix expansion with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis observed in 2 cases. Nine @entity1 were @entity479 resistant (82%) and 2 were @entity479 dependent. Six @entity1 required immunosuppressive therapy and 1 @entity1 developed end-stage renal disease. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, @entity6300 nephropathy affected predominantly young @entity1 . Mesangioproliferative pattern was the most frequent histopathological finding in these @entity1 . Clinically, despite @entity479 resistance, the @entity1 had a relatively good outcome; the worst prognostic outcome was associated with collapsing glomerulopathy.

title: A Clinicopathological Study of XXXX Nephropathy at King Abdulaziz University.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity6300 :: (712,Gene) :: ['C1q']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: To investigate two protocols to provide antinociception in @entity1641 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antinociceptive effects of intravenous @entity284 combined with @entity4931 or @entity11988 in adult @entity1641 . STUDY DESIGN: Randomised, blinded, crossover study. METHODS: Mechanical, thermal and electrical stimuli were applied to the dorsal left and right metacarpus and coronary band of the left thoracic limb, respectively. A thermal stimulus was applied caudal to the withers. The @entity1641 were treated with saline (C), a combination of @entity284 (0.2  mg/kg bwt) and @entity4931 (10   g/kg bwt) ( @entity601 ) or @entity284 (0.2  mg/kg bwt) and @entity11988 (0.05  mg/kg bwt) ( @entity2704 ) at 1  week intervals. Nociceptive thresholds were measured before and at 15  min intervals until 150  min after treatment. Wilcoxon rank-sum and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare data between groups at each time point and over time within each group, followed by the Bonferroni method to adjust the P value. RESULTS: The mechanical stimulus was the most sensitive test to differentiate the antinociceptive effects of the treatments. Mechanical thresholds were greater after @entity601 than @entity2704 between 15 and 30  min and with both @entity601 and @entity2704 these thresholds were greater than C from 15 to 60  min. Electrical and thermal limb thresholds were greater after @entity601 than C at 15 and 45  min and at 15, 30, 45, 75 and 105  min, respectively. Thermal limb thresholds were greater with @entity2704 than C at 30  min. Thoracic thermal threshold in @entity601 and @entity2704 were higher than C at 45, 75, 90 and 120  min and from 30 to 75  min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity284 and @entity11988 produced less pronounced mechanical antinociception than @entity601 .

title: Antinociceptive effects of XXXX combined with @entity4931 or @entity11988 in @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity4931 :: ('MESH:C041255', 'Chemical') :: ['detomidine']

entities_list: @entity11988 :: ('MESH:D000075', 'Chemical') :: ['acepromazine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['Methadone', 'methadone']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: To investigate two protocols to provide antinociception in @entity1641 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antinociceptive effects of intravenous @entity284 combined with @entity4931 or @entity11988 in adult @entity1641 . STUDY DESIGN: Randomised, blinded, crossover study. METHODS: Mechanical, thermal and electrical stimuli were applied to the dorsal left and right metacarpus and coronary band of the left thoracic limb, respectively. A thermal stimulus was applied caudal to the withers. The @entity1641 were treated with saline (C), a combination of @entity284 (0.2  mg/kg bwt) and @entity4931 (10   g/kg bwt) ( @entity601 ) or @entity284 (0.2  mg/kg bwt) and @entity11988 (0.05  mg/kg bwt) ( @entity2704 ) at 1  week intervals. Nociceptive thresholds were measured before and at 15  min intervals until 150  min after treatment. Wilcoxon rank-sum and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare data between groups at each time point and over time within each group, followed by the Bonferroni method to adjust the P value. RESULTS: The mechanical stimulus was the most sensitive test to differentiate the antinociceptive effects of the treatments. Mechanical thresholds were greater after @entity601 than @entity2704 between 15 and 30  min and with both @entity601 and @entity2704 these thresholds were greater than C from 15 to 60  min. Electrical and thermal limb thresholds were greater after @entity601 than C at 15 and 45  min and at 15, 30, 45, 75 and 105  min, respectively. Thermal limb thresholds were greater with @entity2704 than C at 30  min. Thoracic thermal threshold in @entity601 and @entity2704 were higher than C at 45, 75, 90 and 120  min and from 30 to 75  min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity284 and @entity11988 produced less pronounced mechanical antinociception than @entity601 .

title: Antinociceptive effects of @entity284 combined with @entity4931 or @entity11988 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: To investigate two protocols to provide antinociception in @entity1641 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antinociceptive effects of intravenous @entity284 combined with @entity4931 or @entity11988 in adult @entity1641 . STUDY DESIGN: Randomised, blinded, crossover study. METHODS: Mechanical, thermal and electrical stimuli were applied to the dorsal left and right metacarpus and coronary band of the left thoracic limb, respectively. A thermal stimulus was applied caudal to the withers. The @entity1641 were treated with saline (C), a combination of @entity284 (0.2  mg/kg bwt) and @entity4931 (10   g/kg bwt) ( @entity601 ) or @entity284 (0.2  mg/kg bwt) and @entity11988 (0.05  mg/kg bwt) ( @entity2704 ) at 1  week intervals. Nociceptive thresholds were measured before and at 15  min intervals until 150  min after treatment. Wilcoxon rank-sum and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare data between groups at each time point and over time within each group, followed by the Bonferroni method to adjust the P value. RESULTS: The mechanical stimulus was the most sensitive test to differentiate the antinociceptive effects of the treatments. Mechanical thresholds were greater after @entity601 than @entity2704 between 15 and 30  min and with both @entity601 and @entity2704 these thresholds were greater than C from 15 to 60  min. Electrical and thermal limb thresholds were greater after @entity601 than C at 15 and 45  min and at 15, 30, 45, 75 and 105  min, respectively. Thermal limb thresholds were greater with @entity2704 than C at 30  min. Thoracic thermal threshold in @entity601 and @entity2704 were higher than C at 45, 75, 90 and 120  min and from 30 to 75  min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity284 and @entity11988 produced less pronounced mechanical antinociception than @entity601 .

title: Antinociceptive effects of @entity284 combined with XXXX or @entity11988 in @entity1641 .

answer: @entity4931 :: (MESH:C041255,Chemical) :: ['detomidine']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: To investigate two protocols to provide antinociception in @entity1641 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antinociceptive effects of intravenous @entity284 combined with @entity4931 or @entity11988 in adult @entity1641 . STUDY DESIGN: Randomised, blinded, crossover study. METHODS: Mechanical, thermal and electrical stimuli were applied to the dorsal left and right metacarpus and coronary band of the left thoracic limb, respectively. A thermal stimulus was applied caudal to the withers. The @entity1641 were treated with saline (C), a combination of @entity284 (0.2  mg/kg bwt) and @entity4931 (10   g/kg bwt) ( @entity601 ) or @entity284 (0.2  mg/kg bwt) and @entity11988 (0.05  mg/kg bwt) ( @entity2704 ) at 1  week intervals. Nociceptive thresholds were measured before and at 15  min intervals until 150  min after treatment. Wilcoxon rank-sum and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare data between groups at each time point and over time within each group, followed by the Bonferroni method to adjust the P value. RESULTS: The mechanical stimulus was the most sensitive test to differentiate the antinociceptive effects of the treatments. Mechanical thresholds were greater after @entity601 than @entity2704 between 15 and 30  min and with both @entity601 and @entity2704 these thresholds were greater than C from 15 to 60  min. Electrical and thermal limb thresholds were greater after @entity601 than C at 15 and 45  min and at 15, 30, 45, 75 and 105  min, respectively. Thermal limb thresholds were greater with @entity2704 than C at 30  min. Thoracic thermal threshold in @entity601 and @entity2704 were higher than C at 45, 75, 90 and 120  min and from 30 to 75  min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity284 and @entity11988 produced less pronounced mechanical antinociception than @entity601 .

title: Antinociceptive effects of @entity284 combined with @entity4931 or XXXX in @entity1641 .

answer: @entity11988 :: (MESH:D000075,Chemical) :: ['acepromazine']


abstract: Cervical @entity9156 is a progressive @entity281 of the neck associated with high mortality, and skillful management of the airway is critical for operations under general anaesthesia. Tracheostomy under local anaesthesia has been considered the gold standard of airway management in @entity1 with @entity281 , but it may be difficult or impossible in advanced cases. We report here our experience over 6 years (January 2008 and December 2013) during which a total of 15 @entity1 was diagnosed with cervical @entity9156 . Of 6 @entity1 , admitted between January 2008 and March 2010, 5 had routine tracheostomy under local anaesthesia, 1 had direct laryngoscopy intubation, and 9 who were admitted between Spring 2010 and December 2013 were treated with nasotracheal intubation. Postoperatively all @entity1 were given moderate sedation and @entity1337 . Nasotracheal intubation was continued until the @entity281 had been controlled. During intubation patency of the endotracheal tube was maintained by humidification with a continuous pump of 0.45% @entity2827 and suction. All 15 @entity1 (10 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 , mean age 62 years, range 36-93) required an emergency drainage procedure under general anaesthesia. Fourteen of the 15 had evidence of compromise of the airway, but emergency intervention was not required. Since Spring 2010, 9 consecutive @entity1 had required nasotracheal intubation, including 7 video laryngoscopies and 2 fibreoptic bronchoscopies. No other interventions were required. @entity1 were intubated postoperatively from 3 to 14 days, and there were no problems with the airway. Advanced techniques for control of the airway have a high rate of success in @entity1 with @entity9156 and could be an appropriate alternative to a traditional airway. Postoperative sedation and @entity1337 should be considered as routine management of @entity158 and @entity148 .

title: Management and maintenance of the airway in cervical XXXX : a retrospective analysis of 15 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep infection', 'deep neck infections']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising fasciitis']

answer: @entity9156 :: (MESH:D005208,Disease) :: ['necrotising fasciitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report a very rare case of a fast-growing benign fibrous histiocytoma at the temporal bone. METHODS: A 1-year-old @entity1 was referred for investigation of a right temporal mass that increased during 2-week observation. Imaging studies showed a lytic, loculated skull tumor at the left temporal bone. On magnetic resonance imaging scans, the tumor was isointense on T1- and relatively high-intense on T2-weighted images. The tumor was mostly homogeneously enhanced by @entity2287 . On diffusion-weighted images, it was iso- to relatively low-intense; perfusion-weighted images revealed low perfusion. RESULTS: Complete macroscopic resection of the tumor was performed. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the tumor was positive for @entity469 and a-smooth muscle actin and negative for @entity4896 and @entity2280 ; the @entity1758 labeling index was 4  %. A diagnosis of primary benign fibrous histiocytoma of the skull was made. At 6-month follow-up, there were no clinical or radiological signs of tumor recurrence and/or metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: We review the clinical, radiological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of benign fibrous histiocytoma at the skull.

title: Benign fibrous histiocytoma arising at the temporal bone of an XXXX -case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: 1. The effect of energy and protein intake on the @entity1568 and energy utilization and carcass composition of artificially-reared @entity1707 was studied between 8 and 32 d of age in an experiment employing a 5 x 3 x 2 factorial design. The factors were initially energy:N value (1) (250, 355, 460, 565 or 670 kJ/g N), rate of increase of I (R) at 8 d intervals (0, 12.5 or 25%) and @entity3147 (three times daily to appetite or 75% of this intake). 2. The range of energy:N values was obtained by formulating five diets based on dried skim milk, @entity1132 and casein and feeding appropriate combinations of two diets. 3. The metabolizable energy (ME) intake, carcass @entity62 ( @entity62 ) content, carcass @entity1017 and carcass fat gain exhibited significant (P less than 0.001) quadratic responses to I. 4. The carcass fat content in the @entity62 increased from 200 to 342 g/kg ( less than 0.001) and the carcass crude protein (N x 6.25) content decreased from 657 to 519 g/kg with increasing level of I (P less than 0.001). The fat and protein contents were 309 and 556 g/kg and 242 and 610 g/kg respectively on the high and low @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) and were significantly different (P less than 0.001). 5. There was a significant I x R interaction in relation to carcass @entity1017 with the maximum gain occurring at 460 kJ/g N when I was constant and at 355 kJ/g N when R was 25% per 8 d. 6. The proportion of apparent digested N intake retained (N retention (NR):apparent digested N (ADN)) was significantly (P less than 0.001) affected by all three factors and there were significant I x R (P less than 0.001), I x @entity3147 (P less than 0.01) and R x R x @entity3147 (P less than 0.01) interactions. The maximum value of NR:ADN was 0.80. 7. Carcass fat gain and carcass energy gain exhibited quadratic responses to I reaching maximum values at 460 kJ/g N. The energy content of the live-weight gain increased linearly (P less than 0.001) from 5.79 to 7.90 MJ/kg with increasing level of I. @entity3147 and R also produced significant (P less than 0.001) responses the means being respectively 7.52 and 6.39 MJ/kg on the high and low @entity3147 and 6.55, 6.94 and 7.38 kJ/kg with increasing value of R. 8. Multiple regression analysis of ME intake on live-weight (W), @entity1017 (FG) yielded the equation: ME (MJ) = 0.644 W0.75 + 32.6 @entity1017 " 48.2 FG. This result is discussed in relation to published values for the energy requirements of the young @entity1707 .

title: Energy and protein nutrition of early-weaned XXXX . 2. Effect of energy intake and energy: protein on energy utilisation and body composition of @entity1707 slaughtered at 32 d.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['protein gain', 'protein gain (PG) and fat gain', 'PG']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['plane of nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: 1. The effect of energy and protein intake on the @entity1568 and energy utilization and carcass composition of artificially-reared @entity1707 was studied between 8 and 32 d of age in an experiment employing a 5 x 3 x 2 factorial design. The factors were initially energy:N value (1) (250, 355, 460, 565 or 670 kJ/g N), rate of increase of I (R) at 8 d intervals (0, 12.5 or 25%) and @entity3147 (three times daily to appetite or 75% of this intake). 2. The range of energy:N values was obtained by formulating five diets based on dried skim milk, @entity1132 and casein and feeding appropriate combinations of two diets. 3. The metabolizable energy (ME) intake, carcass @entity62 ( @entity62 ) content, carcass @entity1017 and carcass fat gain exhibited significant (P less than 0.001) quadratic responses to I. 4. The carcass fat content in the @entity62 increased from 200 to 342 g/kg ( less than 0.001) and the carcass crude protein (N x 6.25) content decreased from 657 to 519 g/kg with increasing level of I (P less than 0.001). The fat and protein contents were 309 and 556 g/kg and 242 and 610 g/kg respectively on the high and low @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) and were significantly different (P less than 0.001). 5. There was a significant I x R interaction in relation to carcass @entity1017 with the maximum gain occurring at 460 kJ/g N when I was constant and at 355 kJ/g N when R was 25% per 8 d. 6. The proportion of apparent digested N intake retained (N retention (NR):apparent digested N (ADN)) was significantly (P less than 0.001) affected by all three factors and there were significant I x R (P less than 0.001), I x @entity3147 (P less than 0.01) and R x R x @entity3147 (P less than 0.01) interactions. The maximum value of NR:ADN was 0.80. 7. Carcass fat gain and carcass energy gain exhibited quadratic responses to I reaching maximum values at 460 kJ/g N. The energy content of the live-weight gain increased linearly (P less than 0.001) from 5.79 to 7.90 MJ/kg with increasing level of I. @entity3147 and R also produced significant (P less than 0.001) responses the means being respectively 7.52 and 6.39 MJ/kg on the high and low @entity3147 and 6.55, 6.94 and 7.38 kJ/kg with increasing value of R. 8. Multiple regression analysis of ME intake on live-weight (W), @entity1017 (FG) yielded the equation: ME (MJ) = 0.644 W0.75 + 32.6 @entity1017 " 48.2 FG. This result is discussed in relation to published values for the energy requirements of the young @entity1707 .

title: Energy and protein nutrition of early-weaned @entity1707 . 2. Effect of energy intake and energy: protein on energy utilisation and body composition of XXXX slaughtered at 32 d.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Irradiation of red cell concentrates RCCs) can lead to well-documented elevated extracellular @entity972 concentrations. Transfusion of these products has the potential, if given as a massive/rapid transfusion, to lead to transient @entity4144 . A @entity972 absorption filter (PAF) has recently been developed and has been proven to effectively remove excess @entity3529 . However, data are lacking on the red cell quality parameters over storage after irradiation. METHODS: Thirty RCCs were pooled and split into 3 groups of 10. All RCCs were irradiated on day 14 and filtered on day 28 (group 1 control), day 15 (group 2) or day 17 (group 3). Pre-irradiation, pre- and post-filtration and day 28 samples were taken for each study. Standard red cell quality parameters were measured over storage at the above time points. RESULTS: Losses for haemoglobin, haematocrit and volume were minimal after filtration with all units containing >40   g Hgb   unit(-1) . Statistically, significant differences were observed for @entity3529 and @entity4024 levels in groups filtered at either 24 or 72   h post-irradiation, and this was observed directly after filtration and remained by day 28. Filtration had no significant impact on any other parameters measured. CONCLUSIONS: PAF effectively removed supernatant @entity972 (93%) from all @entity1358 units. Early removal of @entity3529 at either day 15 or 17 on RCCs subsequently stored to day 28 had no measurable effect on red cell quality, suggesting this may be a useful device to ensure further safety for at-risk immunocompromised @entity1 groups requiring irradiated RCCs.

title: Evaluation of a XXXX removal filter on irradiated red cells stored in SAGM.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']