abstract: Seven @entity1 with @entity43 , remaining after conventional therapy with surgery and a @entity902 containing chemotherapy regimen, were treated with intraperitoneal monoclonal antibody guided radiotherapy. 100 mCi131I conjugated to 10 mg of monoclonal antibody were injected i.p. in 2,000 ml peritoneal dialysis fluid. @entity1 were evaluated 3 months later; 3 had clinical progressive disease while third look laparotomy demonstrated progressive disease in 3 of the remaining 4 @entity1 . The seventh @entity1 did not have a third look laparotomy and is currently inevaluable for response. Five @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 not controlled by diuretics or repeated paracentesis were similarly treated with 75-170 mCi131I conjugated to 10 mg monoclonal antibody. In three @entity1 the @entity843 was controlled for a mean of 4 months. One @entity1 died too early to assess the control of his @entity843 but @entity5 cells disappeared from the ascitic fluid after therapy. In the @entity1 whose @entity843 were not controlled, a subpopulation of antigen-negative @entity5 cells was demonstrated. This study was unable to demonstrate a therapeutic benefit for i.p. injected monoclonal antibody guided radiotherapy for solid intraperitoneal @entity5 but suggests that it may be capable of controlling the accumulation of antigen positive @entity5 .

title: The treatment of intraperitoneal XXXX with monoclonal antibody guided 131I radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['small volume ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: An analysis of the occurrence of @entity0 in this long-term prospective cohort study shows a significant relative risk (RR) in @entity1 who have ever used oral contraceptives (OC) of 3.33 in @entity1 age 30 to 34 years at diagnosis and an RR of 5.88 (P = 0.0011) in @entity1 who were parity 1 at the time of diagnosis. In @entity1 below the age of 35 years the RR of 2.38 was not significant. There was no increased risk in @entity1 over the age of 35 years. A significant trend relating to duration of use was demonstrable in @entity1 who were parity 1 in the analysis of both current and ever-users. An analysis by time since stopping OC use revealed a significant trend in all ever-users, but the trends were much steeper in @entity1 of parity 1 or aged 30 to 34 years at diagnosis. There was no evidence that the increased rates in OC users were related to the @entity2931 or @entity3942 dose. The 5 year survival rate in users diagnosed under the age of 35 years was significantly poorer than in comparable non-users. It is possible that the increased rates in younger OC users might be due to an accelerated presentation of @entity0 in those @entity1 who would otherwise have been diagnosed at a later time. The non-significant excess risk in users under 35 years of age was approximately 1 in 7,000 users per year. The unresolved discrepancies between the results of the published studies make it impossible at the present time to decide whether or not OC use is associated with an increased risk of @entity0 .

title: XXXX and the pill--a further report from the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study.

entities_list: @entity3942 :: ('CHEBI:50745', 'Chemical') :: ['progestogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Broadened applications of imaging modalities have increased the incidental detection of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) over the past decade. Previous small series have suggested a prognostic benefit for incidental presentation. This study utilizes a large contemporary @entity1 cohort to examine patterns of @entity1358 presentation and their clinical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on 721 @entity1 (260 @entity1 , 461 @entity1 ) who underwent 750 nephrectomies for treatment of @entity1358 between 7/1/89 and 12/31/97; 29 @entity1 required two operations for bilateral @entity1358 . Median age and follow-up were 63 years and 41 months, respectively. Indicators of symptomatic presentation included @entity812 , @entity812 , @entity811 , varicocele, constitutional symptoms, @entity8231 , and @entity158 related to @entity3 . Mode of presentation was compared with clinicopathologic parameters using Chi-square and t-test analyses. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates (log-rank test) and @entity797 regression modeling. RESULTS: Incidental and symptomatic presentation occurred in 57% and 42% of cases, respectively. When compared to incidental cases, symptomatic presentation was predominantly detected in younger @entity1 (mean age, 59 years; P < .001), in males (P < .04), and in @entity5 with conventional (clear cell) histology (P < .001), larger size (mean, 8 cm; P < .001), and non-organ confined pathology (P < .001). In univariate analysis, symptomatic cases had a more adverse disease-free (P < .0001) and disease-specific (P < .0001) survival. In multivariate analysis, mode of presentation was an independent predictor of @entity66 -specific survival (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic presentation correlates with an aggressive histology and @entity1442 . Incidental @entity5 may be frequently detected in female and elderly @entity1 , as these groups traditionally seek general medical care more regularly. Mode of presentation can independently predict an adverse @entity1 outcome and should be included in @entity1358 -specific modeling systems.

title: Mode of presentation of XXXX provides prognostic information.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease-free (P < 0.0001) and disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain', 'flank mass']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the @entity190 of @entity1 undergoing tangential necrectomies and skin grafting by using gravimetric methods. Also we had to estimate the influence of age upon the quantity of @entity190 . We examined 50 cases. The body surface from which the @entity954 took place included the areas of tangential necrectomy and skin harvesting. The @entity548 was controlled by electrocoagulation and wound dressing, soaked with @entity1425 solution 1:50,000. The @entity190 was estimated by weighing the material before and after the operation, excluding from the amount the quantity of the @entity1425 solution. We divided the @entity1 into 3 groups according to their age: first--up to 1 year, second--1-3 year old, third--3-15 year old. By using the gravimetric method we found out that the mean @entity190 from the areas of necrectomy and harvesting is 0.47 +/- 0.1 ml/cm2. The age of @entity1 does not influence the intensiveness of @entity548 per square measure site of the necrectomy and harvesting area. The @entity190 is a constant quantity and is equal to 0.47 +/- 0.1 ml/cm2. The @entity190 that takes place from one percent of the necrectomy and harvesting areas is approximately equal to 2.05% of the circulating blood volume.

title: [Prognostication of XXXX in @entity1 with burn wounds undergoing tangential necrectomy and auto-dermatoplasty].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity954 :: (MESH:D016063,Disease) :: ['acute intraoperative bleeding']


abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the @entity190 of @entity1 undergoing tangential necrectomies and skin grafting by using gravimetric methods. Also we had to estimate the influence of age upon the quantity of @entity190 . We examined 50 cases. The body surface from which the @entity954 took place included the areas of tangential necrectomy and skin harvesting. The @entity548 was controlled by electrocoagulation and wound dressing, soaked with @entity1425 solution 1:50,000. The @entity190 was estimated by weighing the material before and after the operation, excluding from the amount the quantity of the @entity1425 solution. We divided the @entity1 into 3 groups according to their age: first--up to 1 year, second--1-3 year old, third--3-15 year old. By using the gravimetric method we found out that the mean @entity190 from the areas of necrectomy and harvesting is 0.47 +/- 0.1 ml/cm2. The age of @entity1 does not influence the intensiveness of @entity548 per square measure site of the necrectomy and harvesting area. The @entity190 is a constant quantity and is equal to 0.47 +/- 0.1 ml/cm2. The @entity190 that takes place from one percent of the necrectomy and harvesting areas is approximately equal to 2.05% of the circulating blood volume.

title: [Prognostication of @entity954 in XXXX with burn wounds undergoing tangential necrectomy and auto-dermatoplasty].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Prolonged normothermic @entity63 in the @entity235 model is generally fatal with standard resuscitative techniques. To determine whether such @entity296 is recoverable with biventricular support, we subjected 10 @entity235 to 45 minutes of @entity63 at 37 degrees C. After @entity63 , the animals were supported for 24 hours with biventricular assist with the centrifugal pump. During early reperfusion, none of the hearts could sustain a stable rhythm or blood pressure. Myocardial @entity855 concentration, expressed as micromoles per gram of heart protein, was dramatically reduced from a control of 31.5 +/- 2.4 to 14.6 +/- 2.9 (p less than 0.01 versus control), a 54% reduction. Ultrastructural analysis did not reveal the explosive cell swelling of irreversible cell injury. After 12 hours of biventricular assist, developed pressure partially recovered to 60.0 +/- 10 mm Hg (p less than 0.01 versus control) and maximal positive dP/dt measured 2,649 +/- 412 mm Hg/sec (p less than 0.01 versus control). @entity855 concentration increased to 25.2 +/- 5.5 (p less than 0.01 versus control). Electron microscopic examination showed less chromatin clumping, no further mitochondrial distortion, and more abundant glycogen. After 24 hours of biventricular assist, cardiac output in the seven @entity235 successfully weaned from biventricular assist measured 3.6 +/- 0.6 L/min, developed pressure recovered to 76.3 +/- 8.9 mm Hg, and its first derivative recovered to 4,282 +/- 585 mm Hg/sec (all measurements not significant compared with control). Examination by an electron microscope revealed no severe @entity2383 .

title: Recovery of the failing XXXX heart with biventricular support in a previously fatal experimental model.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'Adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial injury']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: To identify changes in incidence, presentation, management and outcome, 670 @entity1 with torsion of the spermatic cord presenting in Bristol between 1960 and 1984 have been reviewed. Among the susceptible population of 150,000, the annual incidence of torsion has increased fourfold from 11.2 cases between 1960 and 1964 to 42.8 cases between 1980 and 1984. Throughout this period greater than 90 per cent of @entity1 have been managed by general surgeons. @entity1 aged between 12-18 years comprised 62 per cent but 20 per cent were 21 years or older. Torsion was commoner in the cold months, 24 per cent of cases occurring during December and January (chi 2 = 30.26, P less than 0.01). When acute torsion was relieved within 12 h of the onset of symptoms only 4 per cent of affected testes were considered non-viable, but beyond this time 75 per cent of @entity1 received orchidectomy. Overall, 238 of 624 (38 per cent) acutely twisted testes were found to be infarcted at operation, and a further 35 @entity1 (6 per cent) had marked @entity194 on review 3 months later. The testicular salvage rate has steadily improved from 45 per cent in the years 1960-64 to 67 per cent in 1980-84. Much of the increased incidence of @entity4115 is likely to reflect a greater awareness of the condition by general practitioners. It has been more than matched by an improvement in testicular salvage rate because of earlier referral.

title: XXXX in Bristol: a 25-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['testicular torsion']

answer: @entity4115 :: (MESH:D013086,Disease) :: ['Testicular torsion']


abstract: We have measured the rates of isotope exchange at the @entity1568 of the @entity104 ring of Trp-63 of @entity16977 and of @entity9484 as a function of solution viscosity. We have used two cosolvents, @entity653 and @entity10977 , to modify the relative viscosity. We have derived the appropriate kinetic equations for the alternative possibilities that the exchange takes place either in solution or in the intact protein matrix. Because we chose to study the proton-catalyzed exchange reaction, the rate of it is not expected to be diffusion-limited. We confirmed this by measuring the exchange from @entity2340 . These results and the known effects of @entity653 and @entity10977 on the solvation of @entity104 allow us to predict that if the exchange reaction takes place in a protein matrix the effects of the two cosolvents when compared under isoviscous conditions should be identical. This is what we find for Trp-63 in @entity16977 at 15, 20 and 26 degrees C. The slope of the linear plot of log k vs. log relative viscosity is 0.6. This strongly supports a model for conformational fluctuations where transient solvation takes place without major changes in protein folding. The most interesting feature of our findings is the fact that a slow reaction admittedly not diffusion-limited shows, when taking place in a protein matrix, a linear @entity734 on solution viscosity. We suggest that what we observe is the effect of damping of movement of the side chain expressed as a change in the friction along the reaction coordinate in the corresponding phase space. The presence of such effects stresses the validity and usefulness of Kramers model of rate processes for reactions taking place in a protein matrix. Such behavior is predicted by several of the recently proposed general mechanisms of enzyme catalysis.

title: Viscosity and transient solvent accessibility of Trp-63 in the native conformation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9484 :: ('CHEBI:16828', 'Chemical') :: ['L-tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity16977 :: (4069,Gene) :: ['lysozyme']


abstract: The cell surface location of the @entity5787 was studied by immunoelectron microscopy. Isolated, open @entity1 thyroid follicles were incubated with @entity1 sera containing high titers of microsomal autoantibodies. Cell surface-bound antibodies were detected by the immunogold technique using IgG-coated colloidal gold particles (10 or 15 nm). Immunocytochemical incubations were performed at 4 degrees C. Gold particles were concentrated at the apical cell surface of the follicle cells, while the basolateral cell surface was almost completely unlabelled. Quantitative evaluation of four experiments with follicle cells prepared from different @entity1 showed that about 90% of the gold particles at the apical cell surface was associated with microvilli and that the concentration of gold particles at the microvillus membrane was, although with great intercellular variation, several times higher than that at smooth portions of the apical plasma membrane. This suggests that the microsomal antigen is organized in microdomains in the apical plasma membrane. In follicles labelled immunocytochemically at 4 degrees C and then incubated at 37 degrees C, gold particles were slowly internalized. The particles appeared in smooth and coated pits of the apical plasma membrane as well as in vesicles, vacuoles and lysosomes in the apical part of the cytoplasm. Membranes of TSH-induced pseudopods were always unlabelled. Our observations indicate that @entity5787 immunoreactivity is present in the apical but not in the basolateral plasma membrane. The antigen with bound antibodies is internalized by micropinocytosis but not by macropinocytosis. The selective location of bound microsomal antibodies at the apical plasma membrane and their absence from the membrane of TSH-induced pseudopods are compatible with the idea that the microsomal antigen and @entity5787 are identical.

title: Immunoelectron microscopic studies on the cell surface location of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5787 :: ('7173', 'Gene') :: ['thyroperoxidase', 'thyroid microsomal antigen']

answer: @entity5787 :: (7173,Gene) :: ['thyroid microsomal antigen']


abstract: Two experiments were carried out to clarify the effects of @entity1955 (T4) and @entity1954 (T3) on flounder metamorphosis. In the first experiment, three doses of T4 were administered to premetamorphic flounder larvae together with @entity8542 (TU). @entity8542 treatment (30 ppm in ambient seawater) alone caused metamorphic @entity3179 in the fish, although the beginning of the right eye migration was not completely inhibited. T4 at 100 and 10 ppb in ambient seawater induced metamorphosis in the @entity8542 -treated larvae. The fish of these groups completed translocation of the right eye to the left side and resorption of elongated dorsal fin rays. However, 1 ppb T4 failed to induce metamorphic climax. The elongated dorsal fin rays continued to grow until the end of the experiment in the group treated with TU alone and in combination with 1 ppb T4. In the second experiment, premetamorphic flounder larvae were treated with two doses of T4 and three doses of T3. The T3 treatment was several times more potent than T4 treatment in the induction of metamorphosis. The results of the present study suggest that the metamorphic events of flounder larvae are dependent on the thyroid hormone concentration, and the relative biological potency of T4 and T3 on flounder metamorphosis is similar to that observed in mammals and amphibia.

title: Effects of various doses of @entity1955 and XXXX on the metamorphosis of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

entities_list: @entity8542 :: ('MESH:D013890', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiourea', 'thiourea']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['triiodothyronine']


abstract: Two experiments were carried out to clarify the effects of @entity1955 (T4) and @entity1954 (T3) on flounder metamorphosis. In the first experiment, three doses of T4 were administered to premetamorphic flounder larvae together with @entity8542 (TU). @entity8542 treatment (30 ppm in ambient seawater) alone caused metamorphic @entity3179 in the fish, although the beginning of the right eye migration was not completely inhibited. T4 at 100 and 10 ppb in ambient seawater induced metamorphosis in the @entity8542 -treated larvae. The fish of these groups completed translocation of the right eye to the left side and resorption of elongated dorsal fin rays. However, 1 ppb T4 failed to induce metamorphic climax. The elongated dorsal fin rays continued to grow until the end of the experiment in the group treated with TU alone and in combination with 1 ppb T4. In the second experiment, premetamorphic flounder larvae were treated with two doses of T4 and three doses of T3. The T3 treatment was several times more potent than T4 treatment in the induction of metamorphosis. The results of the present study suggest that the metamorphic events of flounder larvae are dependent on the thyroid hormone concentration, and the relative biological potency of T4 and T3 on flounder metamorphosis is similar to that observed in mammals and amphibia.

title: Effects of various doses of XXXX and @entity1954 on the metamorphosis of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['thyroxine']


abstract: Two protein factors, @entity15204 as well as a high molecular weight protein complex from reticulocyte ribosomal high-salt wash which we term Co- @entity15204 , promote Met-tRNA(f) binding to 40S ribosomes. This binding is dependent on the presence of an AUG codon or natural mRNAs [Roy et al. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122, 1418-1425]. Co- @entity15204 contains two component activities, Co- @entity12465 and Co- @entity21178 . Previously, we have purified an 80-kDa polypeptide containing Co- @entity12465 activity and showed that this polypeptide is a component of Co- @entity15204 and is responsible for Co- @entity12465 activity in Co- @entity15204 [Chakravarty et al. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 6945-6949]. We now report purification of a protein complex (subunits of Mr 180K, 110K, 65K, 63K, 53K, 50K, 43K, and 40K) containing Co- @entity21178 activity and devoid of Co- @entity12465 activity. In SDS-PAGE, the purified Co- @entity21178 preparation and an @entity19601 preparation (purified in Dr. A. Wahba's laboratory) separated into seven similar major polypeptides (Mr 110K, 65K, 63K, 53K, 50K, 43K, and 40K). The 50-kDa polypeptide in Co- @entity21178 was immunoreactive with a monoclonal antibody against @entity31952 (50 kDa). We have studied the roles of purified Co- @entity12465 and Co- @entity21178 activities in ternary and Met-tRNA(f).40S ribosome complex formation. The results are as follows: (1) At low and presumably physiological factor concentration (30 nM), @entity15204 did not form detectable levels of ternary complex. Moreover, such complex formation was totally dependent on the presence of Co- @entity12465 and/or Co- @entity21178 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Natural mRNA is required for directing Met-tRNA(f) binding to 40S ribosomal subunits in animal cells: involvement of Co- XXXX in natural mRNA-directed initiation complex formation.

answer: @entity12465 :: (83939,Gene) :: ['eIF-2A']


abstract: In free transfers of groin flaps in neurotized @entity35 , @entity2473 of the pedicle and of the vessels of the flap itself were observed. These @entity2473 were in many cases the cause of complications. Four kinds of @entity2473 were distinguished: 1. Segmental @entity2473 --practically always on the inferior epigastric artery, characterized by short sections of @entity2473 of the artery, alternating with sections of normal dilatation. 2. Spasm of the whole artery. 3. Spasm in the flap itself--characterized by normal dilatation of the artery stem of the flap and by slowing or stopping of blood circulation through the flap. 4. Tissue shock of the flap characterized by @entity2473 of the pedicle in the flap also. The present work further shows a method of assessing the amount of blood circulation through the flap and the results of local medication influencing @entity2473 , including 1% Mesocain, 0.5% Marcain and Solutio Vischnjevskij.

title: [Tissue shock in free flaps in the experiment on the XXXX . Significance, classification and effect].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: During a 3-year period, intravenous streptokinase (IV STK) was given to 110 consecutive @entity1 ages 34-78 in the course of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in three community hospitals served by the same paramedic system. 1.5 million units of IV STK was given over 30 minutes. Half of the @entity1 were brought to the hospital by paramedics. The average time from onset of @entity158 to administration of IV STK was 107 minutes in the paramedic group and 182 minutes for the others. Of 110 @entity1 , 98 (89%) showed clinical evidence of reperfusion and 94 of 106 @entity1 (89%) showed angiographic reperfusion. Angiography was performed from 1 to 10 days post- @entity583 . Mean time to angiography was 6 days for the first 58 @entity1 and 2 days for the last 52 @entity1 . In-hospital mortality was 2 of 110 @entity1 and there was 1 late @entity204 at 8 months for an overall 3-year mortality 2.7%. Of 86 @entity1 , 83 (96%) working before their @entity1188 are working now. Of 107 survivors, 96 (90%) are Functional Class I. CONCLUSIONS: (1) IV STK is safely administered in a high percentage of @entity583 @entity1 . (2) IV STK is safely administered in community hospitals. (3) Paramedics act as an early warning system and allow for earlier treatment than @entity1 presenting without paramedic involvement. (4) Successful coronary reperfusion with IV STK results in low mortality rates and minimizes functional disability. (5) A system-wide approach to reducing time to treatment in @entity583 may be the most influential factor in affecting morbidity and mortality.

title: A system approach to intravenous thrombolysis in XXXX in community hospitals: the influence of paramedics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Carotenoid-carrying lipoprotein (CCL) was rapidly isolated from the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of the upstream migrating male @entity5661 ( @entity5661 ) by a single-step density gradient ultracentrifugation. The two apolipoproteins (Mr = 24,000 and 12,000; designated apo-I and apo-II, respectively) were readily dissociated and separated in 0.1% @entity214 by gel filtration chromatography. Prominent features of the @entity535 composition in the CCL included the relative high levels of @entity367 , @entity493 , @entity368 , and @entity376 , and the low @entity462 content. Apo-I, as well as the CCL, was rich in @entity367 , @entity493 , @entity368 , and @entity376 . Compared to the @entity535 composition of apo-I, apo-II included relatively high levels of @entity2228 and @entity669 , and low @entity1889 , @entity563 , and @entity369 contents. When the intact CCL particle was treated with trypsin, apo-I was rapidly proteolyzed, while apo-II was resistant. However, both apo-I and apo-II isolated from the CCL particle were readily digested with trypsin. This suggested that a different structural arrangement rather than the @entity535 compositions of the apolipoproteins was associated with the limited trypsin digestion of the CCL particle. Apo-II may be sheltered from the aqueous environment and lie partly within the CCL particle. The properties of both the HDL fraction and apolipoproteins from @entity3972 ( @entity3972 ) were similar to those of the CCL from @entity5661 .

title: Isolation of apolipoproteins from carotenoid-carrying lipoprotein in the serum of XXXX , @entity5661 .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3972 :: ('8017', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus gorbuscha', 'pink salmon']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity5661 :: ('8018', 'Species') :: ['chum salmon', 'Oncorhynchus keta']

answer: @entity5661 :: (8018,Species) :: ['chum salmon']


abstract: Carotenoid-carrying lipoprotein (CCL) was rapidly isolated from the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of the upstream migrating male @entity5661 ( @entity5661 ) by a single-step density gradient ultracentrifugation. The two apolipoproteins (Mr = 24,000 and 12,000; designated apo-I and apo-II, respectively) were readily dissociated and separated in 0.1% @entity214 by gel filtration chromatography. Prominent features of the @entity535 composition in the CCL included the relative high levels of @entity367 , @entity493 , @entity368 , and @entity376 , and the low @entity462 content. Apo-I, as well as the CCL, was rich in @entity367 , @entity493 , @entity368 , and @entity376 . Compared to the @entity535 composition of apo-I, apo-II included relatively high levels of @entity2228 and @entity669 , and low @entity1889 , @entity563 , and @entity369 contents. When the intact CCL particle was treated with trypsin, apo-I was rapidly proteolyzed, while apo-II was resistant. However, both apo-I and apo-II isolated from the CCL particle were readily digested with trypsin. This suggested that a different structural arrangement rather than the @entity535 compositions of the apolipoproteins was associated with the limited trypsin digestion of the CCL particle. Apo-II may be sheltered from the aqueous environment and lie partly within the CCL particle. The properties of both the HDL fraction and apolipoproteins from @entity3972 ( @entity3972 ) were similar to those of the CCL from @entity5661 .

title: Isolation of apolipoproteins from carotenoid-carrying lipoprotein in the serum of @entity5661 , XXXX .

answer: @entity5661 :: (8018,Species) :: ['Oncorhynchus keta']


abstract: Conservation of the breast in early @entity0 with limited resection and radiation is proving to be as effective as modified radical mastectomy in survival and in loco-regional control. Management at the University of Kansas Medical Center consists of an interstitial implant at the time of lumpectomy to facilitate perioperative irradiation with @entity3201 -192 to the @entity5 bed. An axillary node dissection is also performed at that time. Two to 3 weeks later external beam irradiation is delivered to the entire breast. One hundred and twenty-three breasts in 120 @entity1 have been treated between June 1982 and June 1986. There were 49 pathological Stage I, 63 Stage II, 8 @entity5 , and 3 @entity189 in situ, consisting of 72 T1, 43 T2, 5 T3, and 3 TIS lesions. @entity1 have been followed for a median of 30 months. One @entity1 had a "true" recurrence in the breast. Another @entity1 developed recurrence in a different quadrant. Ninety percent of the @entity1 had good to excellent cosmetic results, 7% were considered fair, and 3% had poor results. Seven @entity1 developed mild @entity4 , 4 were found to have moderate @entity4 , and 1 had severe @entity4 . Our preliminary results indicate that interstitial irradiation immediately after excision results in excellent local control, with very satisfactory cosmesis and no morbidity due to the simultaneous excision and irradiation.

title: Perioperative interstitial irradiation in the conservative management of early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III carcinomas', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['arm edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The fetus with severe bilateral @entity3041 and associated @entity2906 in the second trimester is doomed at birth by ongoing @entity8 . Since decompression with percutaneously placed catheters anesthetic, surgical, and tocolytic techniques for open fetal anesthetic, surgical, and tocolytic techniques for open fetal urinary tract decompression in animals, and have now applied those techniques to a small group of five @entity1 . One had bilateral ureterostomies and the subsequent four had marsupialization of the bladder. All pregnancies proceeded to cesarean delivery at 32 to 35 weeks' gestation. There was no long-term maternal morbidity, and two mothers have since experienced normal pregnancies. Three fetuses had return of normal amniotic fluid dynamics, and all three had adequate pulmonary function at birth, suggesting that @entity358 associated with early severe @entity2906 had been reversed. Two neonates died at birth with @entity358 . One had no amniotic fluid even after decompression, and the other had some amniotic fluid after decompression but a tiny @entity764 due to the long period of severe @entity2906 before decompression. Of the three surviving @entity1 , one had normal renal function when she died of unrelated causes at 9 months of age. One has normal renal function at 23 months and the third had failing renal function at 2 1/2 years and has grown and developed normally, but will require renal transplantation. We have now developed selection criteria that would exclude from treatment the two fetuses who died of @entity358 and the one who developed @entity177 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Early experience with open fetal surgery for congenital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and renal damage']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypoplasia', 'fatal pulmonary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest cavity']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

answer: @entity3041 :: (MESH:D006869,Disease) :: ['hydronephrosis']


abstract: 1. With @entity4485 -anaesthetized @entity468 we have elicited cough reflexes from the tracheobronchial tree and the larynx, and the aspiration and sneeze reflexes from the nasopharynx and the nose respectively. The reflexes were induced by mechanical stimulation of the mucosa, before and during activation of pulmonary C-fibre receptors by intravenous injections of @entity2951 or @entity19441 . 2. During the 20-30 s apnoea due to C-fibre stimulation, the cough reflex from both sites and the sneeze reflex were completely abolished, whereas the aspiration reflex response was approximately halved. Reflex contractions of genioglossus muscle still occurred at this time, but were far weaker than in the control state. 3. During the rapid shallow breathing that immediately followed apnoea due to C-fibre receptor stimulation, the defensive reflexes recovered: the aspiration and sneeze reflexes fully and the cough reflexes to about half of the control response. 4. Acute @entity551 due to @entity548 , of a size considerably greater than that due to stimulation of the pulmonary C-fibre receptors, caused no significant inhibition of the cough reflex from the tracheobronchial tree. 5. We conclude that the pulmonary C-fibre reflex powerfully inhibits airway defensive reflexes, and that its activation is unlikely to contribute positively to coughing induced by aerosols of @entity2951 and similar agents.

title: Lung C-fibre receptor activation and defensive reflexes in anaesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity19441 :: ('MESH:C008846', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylbiguanide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: Three experiments were performed to evaluate the potential for parthenogenetic activation of @entity291 oocytes in in vitro fertilization systems and to determine the chromosome complement of the resulting parthenogenotes. In the first experiment, immature oocytes from slaughtered @entity291 were matured in vitro in @entity7978 ( @entity7978 ) for 24 h to simulate in vitro fertilization conditions. Subsequently, a portion was fixed, and the remainder were transferred to @entity95 oviducts. Oocytes were then cultured for 6-8 h or for 24 h with Colcemid present during the last 6 to 8 h and fixed on slides and examined. In the second experiment, mature oocytes were collected from the preovulatory follicles, and the oocytes were subjected to the same culture as in experiment I. In the third experiment, oocytes were treated as in experiment II, except that instead of transfer to @entity95 oviducts, they were cultured an additional 48 h in vitro. In experiment I, 131 oocytes were fixed after culture in @entity7978 . Of the 79 oocytes analyzed in the pre- @entity95 group, 71 (90%) were at the second meiotic metaphase (MII), and 8 (10%) were at pre-MII stage; none were activated. After transfer to @entity95 , 291 were fixed. Of these, 80 were analyzed; 37 (46.3%) were MII, 7 (8.6%) were pre-MII, and 36 (45%) were activated. Of the 36 activated oocytes, 26 (72.2%) were haploid, 4 (11.1%) were diploid, 1 (12.8%) was tetraploid, and 5 (13.8%) were in the process of endoreduplication. In experiment II, 51 oocytes were fixed after culture in @entity7978 of which 36 (70.6%) could be analyzed; 30 (83.3%) were MII, and 6 (16.7%) were pre-MII. After culture in the @entity95 , 68 were fixed of which 27 (39.7%) could be analyzed. Of these 27, 20 (74.1%) were MII, and 7 (25.9%) were activated; 6 were haploid, and 1 was endoreduplicating. In experiment III, 30 oocytes were fixed at the end of the culture period; only 10 could be analyzed of which 8 (80%) were MII and 2 (20%) were pre-MII. In all, 46% of in vitro and 26% of in vivo matured oocytes were activated, based on chromosomal analysis. Of those activated, the majority (74.4%) were haploid, suggesting that activation occurs at or after completion of MII. Endoreduplication appears to be one of the mechanisms leading to the formation of diploid and polyploid parthenogenotes.

title: Cytogenetic study of parthenogenetically activated XXXX oocytes matured in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cattles', 'bovine']

entities_list: @entity7978 :: ('MESH:C536038', 'Disease') :: ['Defined Medium', 'DM']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Exogenous @entity172 , when administered to hatchling female zebra finches, masculinize the morphology and function of their neural vocal control system. The first of two experiments evaluated whether @entity440 is an antiestrogen in zebra finches, and the second determined whether it would block the masculinization hypothesized to be caused in hatchling males by the males' endogenous @entity53 . In the first experiment adult female zebra finches were ovariectomized and injected for 10 days with @entity4520 (EB), @entity440 , EB and @entity440 combined, or vehicle (control). The dependent variable was oviduct weight. The EB-stimulated growth of the oviduct was blocked by @entity440 , which had no effects when administered alone. Thus, @entity440 acts as an antiestrogen in the @entity12128 oviduct. In Experiment 2, male and female zebra finches were treated with @entity440 or vehicle for the first 20 days after hatching. The males were castrated at 20 days. At 60 days we compared the song control regions of experimental and control males and females. In both sexes @entity440 increased the somatic areas of neurons in RA (robust nucleus of the archistriatum), HVc (caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum), and @entity1 (magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum). @entity440 also increased the volumes of HVc, RA, @entity1 , and Area X in males. Thus, @entity440 failed to block masculinization of males, but masculinized females and hypermasculinized males. @entity440 's hypermasculinization of the male and masculinization of the female song system is paradoxical given that (1) @entity53 does not have similar effects on the male song system, and (2) @entity440 antagonizes the effects of EB in the oviduct.

title: Paradoxical hypermasculinization of the XXXX song system by an antiestrogen.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen citrate', 'tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

answer: @entity12128 :: (59729,Species) :: ['zebra finch']


abstract: From 1971 to 1985, peritoneal cytologic examination was performed at the time of operation in 235 previously untreated @entity1 with @entity1204 . The relationship between the cytologic findings and prognoses by stage was investigated. The results were as follows: 1. In the peritoneal cytologic examination, 44 (18.7%) out of 235 cases were positive for @entity5 cells in all stages, 25 (14.5%) out of 173 cases in stage I, 7 (21.2%) out of 33 cases in stage II, and 8 (32.0%) out of 25 cases in stage III. 2. Among the 20 cases of @entity1204 that had no macroscopic @entity3 and had positive peritoneal cytologic findings for @entity5 cells, 5- and 10-year cumulative survival rates were 94.7 and 94.7%, against 92.7% and 90.9% in cases with negative peritoneal cytology respectively. The recurrence rate in the same stage was 12.0% for positive cases, against 9.5% for negative cases. No significant differences between positive and negative cases were found. 3. In stages II and III, the difference between the survival rates for 9 cases which have positive peritoneal cytology without macroscopic peritoneal @entity3 and 47 cases with negative peritoneal cytology were not statistically significant. 4. In @entity1204 without macroscopic peritoneal @entity3 , the appearance of @entity5 cells in peritoneal cytologic examination is not correlated with the prognosis.

title: [Relationship between peritoneal cytology and prognosis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'stage I endometrial carcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of respiratory therapist-directed (RD) protocols in non-ICU hospitalized @entity1 decreases respiratory care charges as compared with @entity4629 ( @entity4629 ) protocols. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether RD or @entity4629 protocol assessments in @entity1030 @entity1 may impact: (1) prescription of @entity1576 , and (2) outcomes of pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP). METHODS: In a retrospective observational case-control study, 73 cases (RD) were compared with controls ( @entity4629 ) matched for age, sex, FEV1 and diagnosis of either @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), @entity2542 ( @entity2542 ) or chronic @entity1576 (CRI). PRP programs were specifically tailored and assessed for inpatients with moderate to severe @entity1030 . Type of PRP protocol (P), number of @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ), number of exercise training prescription (EXP) and failure (EXF), time to start PRP (T) and length of hospital stay (LOS) were recorded. Perceived breathlessness (B) as assessed by MRC scale, 6-min walk meters (6MWD), and BORG- @entity1353 at rest (D-rest) and end of effort (D-effort) were also assessed as outcome measures before (T0) and after (T1) the PRP. RESULTS: Frequency distribution of P, EXP and EXF was similar in the two groups. However, prescription of additional @entity1576 (1.9 +/- 0.8 and 2.5 +/- 1.1 days, p<0.01), T (1.2 +/- 0.4 and 1.8 +/- 1.2 days, p<0.001) and LOS (17.2 +/- 2.0 and 18.2 +/- 1.8 days, p<0.05) were lower in cases than in controls. Both cases and controls similarly improved (p<0.0001) B, 6MWD, D-rest and D-effort at T1. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1576 -directed assessment results in less @entity1576 prescription than @entity4629 -directed protocol and it does not affect the outcomes of in-hospital pulmonary rehabilitation of @entity1030 @entity1 .

title: Effects of respiratory therapist-directed protocol on prescription and outcomes of pulmonary rehabilitation in XXXX inpatients.

entities_list: @entity4629 :: ('MESH:D051556', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'physician-directed']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'respiratory treatments', 'respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic airflow obstruction', 'CAO', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema', 'PE']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: During the last decade, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has matured from an experimental tool to a clinically useful modality that has not only significantly impacted the diagnosis of (acute) @entity64 but has also shown utility in other @entity75 . Although DWI should be equally sensitive to changes in the spine, it has been used far less frequently in this region of the body. This is mainly because of the inhomogeneous magnetic environment, the small size of the spinal cord, and increased motion in and around the spine. However, once these limitations are overcome, a whole range of applications can be envisioned. Already now, DWI promises to be able to differentiate between benign and malignant @entity3814 . As in the brain, the immediate @entity353 following ischemic damage in the spinal cord may provide an early identification of @entity1 with @entity1188 . The study of diffusion anisotropy may open new avenues for the detection and better understanding of damage to the long fiber tracts with important clinical implications for disorders like @entity15 and @entity746 . It may also be possible to address, in a more refined manner, mechanisms of damage such as occur with spondylotic @entity602 . To lay the basis for future research in these areas, we will discuss the most appropriate DWI methods for the spine. Following an overview of the basic principles of DWI and associated pitfalls, the most commonly used imaging methods are addressed. Finally, experimental and clinical applications in the spinal cord and the vertebral column and their clinical relevance thus far are reviewed.

title: Diffusion imaging of the XXXX spinal cord and the vertebral column.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral stroke']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the brain']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: True @entity4998 is a rare form of intersex @entity154 where both male and female gonads are present. True hermaphrodites diagnosed in the past have been preferentially reared as males. However, based on the appearance of their external genitalia and the ability to reconstruct a functional genitourinary system, most of these @entity1 should be raised as @entity1 . Between 1968 and 1987, we managed eight @entity1 with true @entity4998 . The karyotypes were as follows: five 46XX, one 46XY, one 47XXY, and one 46XX/mosaic. Gonadal distribution was bilateral (two ovotestes) in two, lateral (testis and ovary) in two, and unilateral (ovotestis and ovary) in four. Seven @entity1 were diagnosed shortly after birth. Six were raised as @entity1 , two as @entity1 . Based on a review of the relationship of external-internal genitalia, gonads, and karyotype of our own @entity1 and those published by others, we believe that the appearance of the external genitalia alone allows a prompt and definitive gender assignment in infancy. This led us to develop a classification of external genitalia based on the following characteristics. Class I represents normal female genitalia, class II an @entity1283 , class III partially fused labioscrotal folds, class IV fused labioscrotal folds, class V a @entity2357 and @entity12094 , and class VI represents normal male genitalia. We had two @entity1 that were class II, two class III, three that were class IV, and one to IV should be raised as females; in class V, male gender assignment is preferable. This classification, based on the appearance of the external genitalia, allows a simple screening and prompt gender assignment in @entity1 identified as true hermaphrodites.

title: Early gender assignment in true XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity12094 :: ('MESH:C566526', 'Disease') :: ['penoscrotal hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['hermaphroditism']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['enlarged clitoris']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic scrotum']

answer: @entity4998 :: (MESH:D012734,Disease) :: ['hermaphroditism']


abstract: Twenty-eight episodes of @entity715 occurred in 26 @entity1 , and all were treated by thrombolytic drugs. The treatment consisted of UK (4500 IU/kg/hr for 12 hours) or SK (2,000,000 IU over 10 hours). The results were followed clinically and in the laboratory and by the same methods that are used for the diagnosis (echocardiography, fluoroscopy) of these problems. Immediate complete regression was seen in 23 cases. These cases did not undergo cardiac surgery. In three cases, in which clear clinical improvement was obtained while both the echocardiography and cinefluoroscopy showed persistent @entity340 , the @entity1 were treated medically in two cases (second thrombolysis) and by surgery in one case. In two other cases thrombolysis was ineffective and the @entity1 underwent emergency valve replacement. There were no significant @entity548 , but emboli from the thrombolysis occurred in five @entity1 . Laboratory data illustrated changes in the success and improvement groups. There were no changes in the failure group.

title: Thrombolytic treatment of acute XXXX with disk valve prostheses: experience with 26 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombotic obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have been contradictory regarding the hypothesis that reproductive risk factors of @entity0 as parity and age at first full-term pregnancy (AFFP) operate differently in @entity1 with and without a family history of @entity0 . METHODS: The overall @entity5 incidence and @entity0 incidence related to fertility factors were followed in a population based cohort of 29,508 @entity1 aged 25-65 when interviewed between 1990 and 1992 in south Sweden. At the end of the follow up in December 1999, the cohort constituted 226,611 @entity1 years. The risk of @entity0 in relation to reproductive factors were studied in @entity1 with at least one first degree relative with @entity0 and compared with @entity1 without a family history. FINDINGS: A total of 1145 @entity5 were seen and 1166.6 were expected (SIR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.93-1.04). Slightly more @entity0 cases were seen 434 than expected 387.69 (SIR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02-1.23). A family history of @entity0 among a first degree relative was present in 1615 @entity1 . Forty-five @entity0 were seen among these @entity1 while 24.27 was expectecd (SIR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.35-2.48). Nulliparous @entity1 with a family history of @entity0 had a higher risk of @entity0 , SIR = 1.76, 95% CI = 0.64-3.82, compared with nulliparous @entity1 without a family history, SIR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.99-1.29. Similarly @entity1 with parity 1-2 with a family history had a higher SIR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.16-2.69 compared with @entity1 without a family history having 1-2 @entity1 , SIR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.99-1.29. In @entity1 with > or = 3 @entity1 those with a family history continued to have a high SIR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.11-3.27 compared with @entity1 without a family history SIR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.73-1.09. An early full-term pregnancy was protective in both groups. A higher risk than nulliparous @entity1 were seen after age 25 in the family history group and after age 30 in the @entity5 group. INTERPRETATION: @entity1 with a first degree family history of @entity0 do not experience the sameprotection from a high number of pregnancies as @entity1 without a family history. However, an early first full-term pregnancy seems to offer a substantial protection in the family history group if undertaken before age 20. This suggest that reproductive factors tend to operate differently in the two groups of @entity1 .

title: A cohort study of reproductive factors and family history of XXXX in southern Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'sporadic cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The clinical outcome of 40 cases with @entity2500 was examined in relation to the site of occlusion and the findings on computed tomography (CT). @entity1 were treated conservatively without surgery. A few had decompressive craniotomy when necessary. Outcome in 7 (18%) was good, in 6 (15%) moderate, and in 15 (38%) severe; 12 (30%) died by the follow-up at 3 months. In cases with occlusion at the origin of the MCA, @entity6152 on CT scan was usually localized to the basal ganglia, presumably because of collateral circulation through the anterior cerebral arteries; the outcome in these @entity1 was not always favorable. Cases with occlusion of the trunk or branch vessels always showed marked @entity6152 , and clinical outcome was poor. To assess quantitatively the extent of collateral circulation, the conduction time of contrast medium from the intracranial siphon (IC) to the insular portion of the MCA (M2) through the anterior cerebral arteries was calculated on serial carotid angiograms obtained within 24 hours after @entity64 onset. An IC-M2 time of 5 seconds was a critical indicator of whether extensive @entity6152 would develop (the rule of 5 seconds). Furthermore, this method predicted the appearance and extent of @entity1188 before CT revealed @entity6152 . The significance of acute reconstructive surgery is also discussed.

title: XXXX : correlation of computed tomography and angiography with clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['CT hypodensity', 'hypodensity']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['Middle cerebral artery occlusion']


abstract: A 6-week study of a modified release formulation of @entity21819 designed for once daily administration was performed in 27 @entity1 with @entity508 due to @entity75 . The dosage of @entity21819 used ranged from 6 to 18 mg/day. At the start of the study all @entity1 had at least moderate @entity508 and 20 (74%) @entity1 had severe or very severe @entity508 . All had a decrease in muscle strength. After 1 week of treatment 22 (81%) @entity1 showed improvement in overall spastic state and, after 6 weeks, all 27 @entity1 had improved. At the end of treatment 25 (93%) @entity1 showed an improvement in overall disability. The drug was well tolerated. Side-effects were reported in only four @entity1 , and these were minor and mostly mild. @entity21819 had no clinically important effects on blood pressure, heart rate, body weight or laboratory values. Overall, once daily treatment with modified release @entity21819 is well tolerated and gives good clinical efficacy in @entity1 with @entity508 .

title: Modified release @entity21819 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity21819 :: ('MESH:C023754', 'Chemical') :: ['Tizanidine', 'tizanidine']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: A 6-week study of a modified release formulation of @entity21819 designed for once daily administration was performed in 27 @entity1 with @entity508 due to @entity75 . The dosage of @entity21819 used ranged from 6 to 18 mg/day. At the start of the study all @entity1 had at least moderate @entity508 and 20 (74%) @entity1 had severe or very severe @entity508 . All had a decrease in muscle strength. After 1 week of treatment 22 (81%) @entity1 showed improvement in overall spastic state and, after 6 weeks, all 27 @entity1 had improved. At the end of treatment 25 (93%) @entity1 showed an improvement in overall disability. The drug was well tolerated. Side-effects were reported in only four @entity1 , and these were minor and mostly mild. @entity21819 had no clinically important effects on blood pressure, heart rate, body weight or laboratory values. Overall, once daily treatment with modified release @entity21819 is well tolerated and gives good clinical efficacy in @entity1 with @entity508 .

title: Modified release XXXX in the treatment of @entity508 .

answer: @entity21819 :: (MESH:C023754,Chemical) :: ['tizanidine']


abstract: A minimum of 22 chromosomes were found in all @entity3911 stocks examined by orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis (OFAGE). Chromosome sizes ranged from approximately 270 to 4000 kb. Certain chromosomes were polymorphic in size between stocks and chromosomes present in some stocks had no apparent equivalent in others. Specific polymorphisms were useful in distinguishing the subspecies L. d. donovani, L. d. infantum and L. d. chagasi and African @entity3911 stocks but there were karotypic differences within these taxa. Radiolabelled DNA derived from whole chromosomes was hybridised to OFAGE Southern blots. Chromosome 1 of L. d. donovani was homologous to two larger chromosomes in all stocks. Chromosome 2 of certain L. d. chagasi and L. d. infantum stocks was homologous to both chromosomes 2 and 3 of L. d. donovani: this suggested that translocation between chromosomes may have contributed to the size polymorphisms. The smallest chromosome seen (270 kb) was unique to the African stock HU3. It was not homologous to small chromosomes in L. d. donovani, L. d. infantum or L. d. chagasi. The small chromosome did hybridise to two small chromosomes in another African stock, Khartoum, and to a large chromosome present in all stocks. The @entity71087 gene was mapped to chromosomes 21/22, 13 and 7 with strongest hybridisation to 21/22. @entity71088 was mapped to chromosomes 9. The alpha- and @entity71087 arrangement was highly conserved.

title: Chromosome size polymorphisms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3911 :: ('5661', 'Species') :: ['L. donovani', 'Leishmania donovani']

answer: @entity3911 :: (5661,Species) :: ['Leishmania donovani']


abstract: To assess the feasibility and the value of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging with intravenous @entity4341 in combination with low-level exercise, 81 @entity1 with suspected or proven @entity453 were studied. All @entity1 underwent coronary arteriography. Significant @entity453 ( @entity850 greater than or equal to 50%) was present in 59 @entity1 (73%); multivessel disease (double- and @entity66 ) was observed in 33 @entity1 (42%). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the test were 78% and 86%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of multivessel disease were 70% and 92%, respectively. The sensitivity for detecting @entity453 in the RCA, LAD, and @entity10279 was 74%, 82% and 48%, respectively, and the specificity was 85%, 88% and 88%, respectively. With the combined procedure no serious side effects were observed. Mild side effects like @entity10 , vertigo and @entity390 were seen in 12 @entity1 (15%). Twenty volunteers with a less than or equal to 1% likelihood of significant @entity453 were examined in the same manner to determine the maximal specificity of the procedure (100%). Thus, the combination of two different stress procedures (exercise testing and @entity4341 infusion) can be performed safely without serious side effects. The presence, location and extent of significant @entity453 can be assessed to a similar degree as with conventional exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy, which has major implications for the detection of @entity453 in @entity1 who are unable to perform maximal exercise.

title: Efficacy of intravenous XXXX with exercise in thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenoses']

answer: @entity4341 :: (MESH:D004176,Chemical) :: ['dipyridamole']


abstract: Relations between preoperative data and status at one- and 10-year control and left ventricular performance (radionuclide angiocardiography) at follow-up 10-17 years (mean 12 years) after valve replacement (1965-73) for @entity472 were studied. Marked improvements at one-year were noted for New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes, cardiothorac index (CTI), and ECG @entity1184 (Romhilt-Estes) score. One-year status did not influence that at 10 years. In 59 @entity1 who were in NYHA class I at one year, class I was maintained in 75% of those who were in class II preoperatively, compared with 47% of those who had been in class III, and 23% of those who had been in class IV, (P less than 0.05). The same relation to preoperative level was found for @entity1 with CTI less than or equal to 0.50 at one-year control. The ECG score did not change after the first year. @entity4346 (ECG score greater than or equal to 4) was present in 90% and 84% of the @entity1 at one and 10 years, respectively. Ejection fraction (EF) and peak filling rate (PFR) at follow-up were (mean +/- SD) 65 +/- 13% and 3.14 +/- 1.05 end-diastolic volume s-1, respectively; only 13 @entity1 had a radionuclide study within the normal range for all parameters measured. A normal study was found predominantly in @entity1 with complete regression of @entity1184 . Multiple linear regression models incorporating preoperative data allowed calculation of predicted EF (65 +/- 9) and PFR (3.17 +/- 0.92) which did not differ from the measured values. Functional status and left ventricular systolic and diastolic performance late after the operation depended closely on preoperative status. Improvements noted at one year were only temporary in @entity1 with preoperative @entity1442 . Normal left ventricular performance late after valve replacement was related to complete reversibility of @entity1184 . Our results argue for operation in minimally symptomatic @entity1 .

title: Functional status and left ventricular performance late after valve replacement for XXXX . Relation to preoperative data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advance disease']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: A 57-kDa protein in royal jelly (RJ) was previously shown to stimulate hepatocyte DNA synthesis and prolongs the proliferation of hepatocytes as well as increasing albumin production [Kamakura, M., Suenobu, N., and Fukushima, M. (2001) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 282, 865-874]. In this study, I investigated the signal transduction mechanisms involved in the induction of hepatocyte DNA synthesis and the promotion of cell survival by this 57-kDa protein in primary cultures of adult @entity35 hepatocytes. Hepatocyte DNA synthesis induced by the 57-kDa protein was not influenced by several alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, but was dose-dependently abolished by an inhibitor of a @entity669 -specific protein kinase, @entity670 . A phospholipase C inhibitor ( @entity4385 ) and a @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) inhibitor ( @entity5597 ) inhibited 57-kDa protein-stimulated he-patocyte DNA synthesis, whereas a protein kinase A inhibitor (H-89) did not. The 57-kDa protein also activated @entity7131 in @entity35 hepatocytes. Various inhibitors of intracellular signal transduction elements ( @entity4286 , p21 ras farnesyltransferase inhibitor, @entity2307 and @entity3446 ) also blocked hepatocyte DNA synthesis induced by the 57-kDa protein. Furthermore, the 57-kDa protein activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in @entity35 hepatocytes. The activation of MAP kinase by the 57-kDa protein was inhibited by @entity4286 and @entity5597 . The 57-kDa protein also activated protein kinase B, which is a key regulator of cell survival. These results suggest that, like growth factors, the 57-kDa protein activates several important intracellular signaling factors involved in the stimulation of hepatocyte DNA synthesis and the protection of cells from apoptosis.

title: Signal transduction mechanism leading to enhanced proliferation of primary cultured adult XXXX hepatocytes treated with royal jelly 57-kDa protein.

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity5597 :: ('MESH:D013110', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The clinical features, investigative profiles and outcome of 46 @entity1 with biopsy or autopsy-proven herpes simplex @entity198 admitted to the Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow between 1962 and 1985 were analysed retrospectively. The protean presenting symptoms and signs included a history of a @entity683 (48 per cent), rapid onset of @entity10 , clouding of consciousness and @entity911 (52 per cent), @entity693 (65 per cent), @entity428 (33 per cent), deep @entity772 (35 per cent), @entity2798 or @entity2026 (46 per cent), focal neurological signs (89 per cent), and @entity410 (61 per cent). When @entity410 occurred they were almost always focal. The electroencephalogram was the most useful diagnostic test being abnormal in all cases, the majority showing focal changes in one or other hemisphere. Of the neuroradiological procedures employed, computerized tomographic and isotope brain scanning most frequently demonstrated @entity854 in one or both @entity1315 . Midline shift was seen in half the cases. The cerebrospinal fluid was abnormal in every case but was not diagnostic. Cerebral biopsy of one temporal lobe was performed in 40 cases and a positive diagnosis of @entity7592 was made in 37 of these. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from the brains of 29 of the 40 cases in which the procedure was attempted, but immunofluorescence assays for antigens to @entity778 were only positive in 11 out of 25 cases. Serological assays showed a greater than four-fold rise in the anti- @entity778 antibody titre in 13 out of 22 @entity1 tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A retrospective analysis of forty-six cases of herpes simplex XXXX seen in Glasgow between 1962 and 1985.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex virus']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningism']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['prodromal influenza-like illness']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['localizing abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal and/or frontal lobes']

entities_list: @entity7592 :: ('MESH:D015882', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing encephalitis']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: In recent years there has been an increasing appreciation of the complexity of functional @entity344 . These represent a spectrum of conditions which may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract in which there appears to be dysregulation of visceral function and afferent sensation and a strong association with emotional factors and stress. There is a clear psychological dimension, with up to 60% of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) @entity1 reported to have psychological co-morbidities and altered @entity158 perception is also common in comparison with control populations. The role of the enteric nervous system, the sensory pathways and the brain as well as the influence of the latter on sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow have likewise attracted increasing interest and have led to exciting new methods to study their complex interactions. The concept of low-grade @entity32 , such as might occur after @entity281 , acting as a trigger for @entity4094 has also led to the broad integrative hypotheses that help to explain the biopsychosocial dimensions seen in functional @entity344 . The multi-component model places a major emphasis on neurogastroenterology and enteric and neuro-immune interactions where new approaches to pharmacotherapy lie. Drugs may affect motility, visceral sensation and other aspects of gut function such as secretion or absorption. More particularly, however, has been the search for and attempts to influence important mediators of these primary gut functions. Such targets include @entity750 and selected @entity750 receptors, which are involved in gut motility, visceral sensation and other aspects of gut function, CCK receptors which are involved in the mediation of @entity158 in the gut and nociception in the CNS, opioid receptors involved in @entity158 , spinal cord and periphery, muscarinic M3-receptors, @entity4757 and @entity4757 and B receptors which are involved in motor adaptation and @entity158 transmission in association with @entity32 , gabba receptors involved in nociception and cannabinoid receptors which are involved in the control of @entity934 release in the gut. With a better understanding of the structures and pathways involved in visceral perception and @entity1931 , in the CNS, spinal cord and the gut and new pharmacological tools we will be better able to elucidate the neuropharmacology of visceral perception and its relationship to gut dysfunction. It is likely that there will be multiple therapeutic options based on the spectrum of abnormalities capable of causing the spectrum of symptoms of functional @entity344 in any individual @entity1 .

title: Evolving concepts in functional XXXX : promising directions for novel pharmaceutical treatments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease', 'gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the brain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity4757 :: ('6863', 'Gene') :: ['substance P', 'neurokinin A']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl choline']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The major complication of carotid angioplasty is @entity64 , which may occur @entity661 or in the early postintervention period. Platelet adhesion and aggregation to the angioplasty site with subsequent embolization seems to plays a major role in early postangioplasty embolization and @entity64 . During this period, asymptomatic @entity887 can be detected in @entity1 by transcranial Doppler ultrasound despite aspirin and heparin treatment. @entity12557 ( @entity12558 ) is a @entity842 donor that appears to have relative platelet specificity. We evaluated its effectiveness in reducing embolization after carotid angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 undergoing carotid angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic > or =70% internal @entity543 were randomized in a double-blind manner to @entity12558 or placebo given after surgery for 90 minutes. All @entity1 were pretreated with @entity117 and given heparin for 24 hours after the procedure. Transcranial Doppler recordings were made from the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery for 1 hour before treatment and at 0 to 3, 6, and 24 hours after treatment. @entity12558 resulted in a rapid reduction in the frequency of @entity887 of 95% at 0 to 3 hours and 100% at 6 hours (P=0.007 and P=0.01 versus placebo, respectively). In the placebo group, 2 @entity1 experienced @entity64 after the angioplasty. No cerebrovascular events occurred in the @entity12558 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12557 was highly effective in rapidly reducing the frequency of @entity887 after endovascular treatment for symptomatic high-grade @entity543 .

title: XXXX reduces asymptomatic embolization after carotid angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral stroke', 'embolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic signals']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['after balloon inflation and deflation']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity12557 :: (MESH:D026422,Chemical) :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examine prospectively whether the presence of plasma DNA with @entity5 characteristics before mastectomy is a predictive factor related to recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A series of 147 @entity1 with @entity0 , selected sequentially, was analyzed. The characterization of plasma DNA, based on similar alterations in @entity5 and plasma DNA, was achieved with six polymorphic markers (D17S855, D17S654, D16S421, TH(2), D10S197, and D9S161) and mutations in the @entity876 gene. Recurrence, DFS, overall survival, and 12 other clinicopathological parameters were obtained. Univariate and Cox's multivariate studies were performed. RESULTS: A total of 142 @entity1 were eligible for study. A total of 104 @entity5 (73.2%) showed at least one molecular alteration. In 61 @entity1 (42.9%), a similar molecular alteration was detected in plasma DNA and @entity5 DNA. No alterations were found in the plasma DNA of the remaining 81 @entity1 (57%). During the follow-up period (median, 22 months; range, 1-46 months), we observed 23 recurrences (16%), the distribution of which was significantly different (P = 0.005) with regard to plasma DNA [17 @entity1 (74%) with circulating @entity5 DNA and 6 @entity1 (26%) without @entity5 plasma DNA]. Univariate statistical analysis confirmed the prognostic significance of the already known parameters ( @entity5 size, lymph node @entity3 , and stage) and demonstrated that @entity5 plasma DNA was a predictor of DFS. In multivariate analysis, an independent borderline significance was observed for @entity5 plasma DNA. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor DNA in plasma at diagnosis in @entity0 @entity1 can predict DFS, and its determination could be used as a prognostic factor in these @entity1 .

title: Tumor DNA in plasma at diagnosis of XXXX @entity1 is a valuable predictor of disease-free survival.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examine prospectively whether the presence of plasma DNA with @entity5 characteristics before mastectomy is a predictive factor related to recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A series of 147 @entity1 with @entity0 , selected sequentially, was analyzed. The characterization of plasma DNA, based on similar alterations in @entity5 and plasma DNA, was achieved with six polymorphic markers (D17S855, D17S654, D16S421, TH(2), D10S197, and D9S161) and mutations in the @entity876 gene. Recurrence, DFS, overall survival, and 12 other clinicopathological parameters were obtained. Univariate and Cox's multivariate studies were performed. RESULTS: A total of 142 @entity1 were eligible for study. A total of 104 @entity5 (73.2%) showed at least one molecular alteration. In 61 @entity1 (42.9%), a similar molecular alteration was detected in plasma DNA and @entity5 DNA. No alterations were found in the plasma DNA of the remaining 81 @entity1 (57%). During the follow-up period (median, 22 months; range, 1-46 months), we observed 23 recurrences (16%), the distribution of which was significantly different (P = 0.005) with regard to plasma DNA [17 @entity1 (74%) with circulating @entity5 DNA and 6 @entity1 (26%) without @entity5 plasma DNA]. Univariate statistical analysis confirmed the prognostic significance of the already known parameters ( @entity5 size, lymph node @entity3 , and stage) and demonstrated that @entity5 plasma DNA was a predictor of DFS. In multivariate analysis, an independent borderline significance was observed for @entity5 plasma DNA. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor DNA in plasma at diagnosis in @entity0 @entity1 can predict DFS, and its determination could be used as a prognostic factor in these @entity1 .

title: Tumor DNA in plasma at diagnosis of @entity0 XXXX is a valuable predictor of disease-free survival.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incremental costs associated with behavioral symptoms in @entity1 with @entity195 . METHODS: A total of 128 @entity1 with probable @entity195 were enrolled into this study. Cognitive function and extrapyramidal features were assessed in @entity1 with @entity195 . Caregivers were interviewed to determine use of health care services, receipt of unpaid care, severity of behavioral symptoms ( @entity146 Inventory [NPI]), and comorbid medical conditions in @entity1 with @entity195 . Healthcare utilization data were multiplied by unit costs to estimate direct formal costs. Unpaid caregiving hours were multiplied by an hourly wage to estimate direct informal costs. The annual incremental direct costs of additional behavioral symptoms were estimated with multiple regression equations. RESULTS: Annual, direct costs were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity195 at or above the median score on the NPI (high NPI group), after adjusting for group differences in severity of @entity73 and comorbid conditions. @entity1 in the high NPI group had formal costs between US 3,162 and US 5,919 higher than the low NPI group and total direct costs between US 10,670 and US 16,141 higher, depending on the severity of @entity73 . Models for the entire sample estimated that a one-point increase in the NPI score would result in an annual increase of between US 247 and US 409 in total direct costs, depending on the value of unpaid caregiving. CONCLUSIONS: Behavioral symptoms in @entity1 with @entity195 significantly increase direct costs of care.

title: The incremental direct costs associated with behavioral symptoms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['AD']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine interrater reliability of a classification system for @entity1118 in @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) and to determine the frequency and characteristics of various @entity158 types as categorized by this system. DESIGN: Independent categorization (based on questionnaires; for 15 @entity1 , questionnaires plus personal interviews) by 2 investigators. SETTING: Community. @entity1 : A total of 163 individuals aged >or=18 years with @entity1566 and @entity158 . INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain categories, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and @entity1118 Grade questionnaire. RESULTS: Among 41 (25%) questionnaires categorized independently by 2 investigators, strength of agreement in categorizing 68 @entity158 problems was substantial (kappa=.68). For 15 @entity1 whose @entity158 was categorized in @entity1 by 2 investigators, strength of agreement was also substantial (kappa=.66). Among 163 survey respondents with @entity158 , the most common @entity158 was @entity1566 (31.9%). Mean characteristic @entity158 intensity +/- standard deviation for @entity158 , regardless of type, was 61.02+/-18.5 on a scale from 0 to 100. On average, for @entity158 , respondents reported moderate @entity158 (43.70+/-29.4; scale range, 0-100). Although certain @entity158 descriptors were more often associated with a specific type of @entity158 , none was pathognomonic. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial interrater reliability was achieved in determining @entity158 categories by use of responses to a questionnaire with a classification system based on presumed pathology. Adding interviews with @entity1 increased our ability to classify @entity158 but did not improve overall interrater reliability.

title: Classification of XXXX associated with @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related disability', 'pain', 'worst pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Pain', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI pain', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine interrater reliability of a classification system for @entity1118 in @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) and to determine the frequency and characteristics of various @entity158 types as categorized by this system. DESIGN: Independent categorization (based on questionnaires; for 15 @entity1 , questionnaires plus personal interviews) by 2 investigators. SETTING: Community. @entity1 : A total of 163 individuals aged >or=18 years with @entity1566 and @entity158 . INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain categories, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and @entity1118 Grade questionnaire. RESULTS: Among 41 (25%) questionnaires categorized independently by 2 investigators, strength of agreement in categorizing 68 @entity158 problems was substantial (kappa=.68). For 15 @entity1 whose @entity158 was categorized in @entity1 by 2 investigators, strength of agreement was also substantial (kappa=.66). Among 163 survey respondents with @entity158 , the most common @entity158 was @entity1566 (31.9%). Mean characteristic @entity158 intensity +/- standard deviation for @entity158 , regardless of type, was 61.02+/-18.5 on a scale from 0 to 100. On average, for @entity158 , respondents reported moderate @entity158 (43.70+/-29.4; scale range, 0-100). Although certain @entity158 descriptors were more often associated with a specific type of @entity158 , none was pathognomonic. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial interrater reliability was achieved in determining @entity158 categories by use of responses to a questionnaire with a classification system based on presumed pathology. Adding interviews with @entity1 increased our ability to classify @entity158 but did not improve overall interrater reliability.

title: Classification of @entity1118 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: Development of tolerance to @entity3362 during long-term therapy is a major concern. It has been suggested that @entity15230 (IS-5MN), an active metabolite of @entity3763 , administered twice daily 12 hours apart does not lead to development of tolerance. The duration of effects of IS-5MN at a dose of 20 and 40 mg and of placebo was studied in @entity1 with @entity951 who responded to @entity3362 after the first dose (n = 12) and after 1 week of twice-daily therapy (n = 9). The study was double-blind, randomized and crossover in design. Compared with placebo values, after the first dose of 20 and 40 mg IS-5MN, exercise duration was higher at 2 hours (p less than 0.001) and 6 hours (p less than 0.02). After 1 week of twice-daily therapy at these doses, exercise duration increased at 2 hours (p less than 0.05) but not at 6 or 10 hours after the dose. After the first dose of 20 and 40 mg IS-5MN, standing systolic blood pressure decreased at 2 hours (p less than 0.02). Blood pressure did not change significantly after chronic therapy. Tolerance to antianginal effects during twice-daily therapy with 20 and 40 mg of IS-5MN developed despite higher plasma IS-5MN concentrations at 2 and 6 hours during twice-daily therapy than after the first dose. The tolerance during twice-daily therapy with IS-5MN was characterized by a reduced peak effect at 2 hours and shortened duration of action compared with first-dose effects.

title: Usefulness of twice-daily @entity15230 in preventing development of tolerance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity15230 :: ('MESH:C030397', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide-5-mononitrate']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: Development of tolerance to @entity3362 during long-term therapy is a major concern. It has been suggested that @entity15230 (IS-5MN), an active metabolite of @entity3763 , administered twice daily 12 hours apart does not lead to development of tolerance. The duration of effects of IS-5MN at a dose of 20 and 40 mg and of placebo was studied in @entity1 with @entity951 who responded to @entity3362 after the first dose (n = 12) and after 1 week of twice-daily therapy (n = 9). The study was double-blind, randomized and crossover in design. Compared with placebo values, after the first dose of 20 and 40 mg IS-5MN, exercise duration was higher at 2 hours (p less than 0.001) and 6 hours (p less than 0.02). After 1 week of twice-daily therapy at these doses, exercise duration increased at 2 hours (p less than 0.05) but not at 6 or 10 hours after the dose. After the first dose of 20 and 40 mg IS-5MN, standing systolic blood pressure decreased at 2 hours (p less than 0.02). Blood pressure did not change significantly after chronic therapy. Tolerance to antianginal effects during twice-daily therapy with 20 and 40 mg of IS-5MN developed despite higher plasma IS-5MN concentrations at 2 and 6 hours during twice-daily therapy than after the first dose. The tolerance during twice-daily therapy with IS-5MN was characterized by a reduced peak effect at 2 hours and shortened duration of action compared with first-dose effects.

title: Usefulness of twice-daily XXXX in preventing development of tolerance in @entity951 .

answer: @entity15230 :: (MESH:C030397,Chemical) :: ['isosorbide-5-mononitrate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate long-term enlargement of @entity2318 after treatment of choroidal new vessels ( @entity471 ) in age-related @entity1020 or @entity2295 . OBJECTS AND METHOD: Twenty-four eyes of 24 @entity1 aged between 45 and 77 years were treated with laser photocoagulation for juxtafoveal or extrafoveal @entity1940 in Yodogawa Christian Hospital. There was no recurrence in any of the eyes and the mean follow-up period was 31.0 +/- 13.7 (mean +/- standard deviation) months (13-60 months). The laser photocoagulation scar was measured with an image analyzer immediately and once a year after the treatment. We investigated the relationship between scar expansion rate and @entity227 measured by A-mode ultrasonography. RESULTS: Expansion of the coagulation scars ( @entity3202 ) was observed in 19 eyes (79.2%). The coagulation scar expanded with the length of the period after treatment in most of the @entity1 . The expansion rate was significantly correlated with the length of the eye at two years after treatment in all 24 eyes and even in 21 of the eyes without @entity1714 (p < 0.05). A decrease in visual acuity was observed in only one eye (4.2%). Remarkable pigmentation around the scar was found in three eyes of five that did not have @entity3202 . CONCLUSION: Although @entity3202 occurs in approximately 80% of eyes after successful laser treatment, visual acuity deterioration is rarely encountered. The rate of expansion is significantly correlated with the axial length among the eyes both with and without @entity1714 . @entity2118 around scars may be one sign which indicates a low expansion rate of @entity3202 .

title: [Long-term enlargement of @entity2318 after treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual axis']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['laser photocoagulation scars']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['myopic neovascular maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic creep']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['Heavy pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia']

answer: @entity1940 :: (MESH:D020256,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascularization']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate long-term enlargement of @entity2318 after treatment of choroidal new vessels ( @entity471 ) in age-related @entity1020 or @entity2295 . OBJECTS AND METHOD: Twenty-four eyes of 24 @entity1 aged between 45 and 77 years were treated with laser photocoagulation for juxtafoveal or extrafoveal @entity1940 in Yodogawa Christian Hospital. There was no recurrence in any of the eyes and the mean follow-up period was 31.0 +/- 13.7 (mean +/- standard deviation) months (13-60 months). The laser photocoagulation scar was measured with an image analyzer immediately and once a year after the treatment. We investigated the relationship between scar expansion rate and @entity227 measured by A-mode ultrasonography. RESULTS: Expansion of the coagulation scars ( @entity3202 ) was observed in 19 eyes (79.2%). The coagulation scar expanded with the length of the period after treatment in most of the @entity1 . The expansion rate was significantly correlated with the length of the eye at two years after treatment in all 24 eyes and even in 21 of the eyes without @entity1714 (p < 0.05). A decrease in visual acuity was observed in only one eye (4.2%). Remarkable pigmentation around the scar was found in three eyes of five that did not have @entity3202 . CONCLUSION: Although @entity3202 occurs in approximately 80% of eyes after successful laser treatment, visual acuity deterioration is rarely encountered. The rate of expansion is significantly correlated with the axial length among the eyes both with and without @entity1714 . @entity2118 around scars may be one sign which indicates a low expansion rate of @entity3202 .

title: [Long-term enlargement of XXXX after treatment of @entity1940 ].

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['laser photocoagulation scars']


abstract: The authors a case of a 53 year old @entity1 who has been under observation of the Ophthalmologic Department from lassy Railway Hospital since September 2000. The the diagnosis was on both eyes: Operate @entity726 . Incipient @entity231 . Anterior Uveiti Sechelae. Cicatricial Corioretinitis. In January 2001 this @entity1 came in our clinic on the right eye with acute decrease of visual acuity from 1/6 to 1/25 on @entity735 , with marked @entity2194 . The suspected etiologic diagnosis was initially RE: Intermediate @entity1596 . After local and general treatment with @entity228 antiinflammatory agents the inflammatory phenomena was decreased but the visual acuity remained unchanged. After that we suspected macular cystoid @entity4 . The cause of the visual acuity decrease remains obscure and this case underlines the difficulties meeting on the therapeutic management of the @entity726 on an eye with numerous associated diseases.

title: [Macular cystoid @entity4 in eyes with XXXX after surgery].

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hipotony']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory Secondary Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['white, unpainful eye']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['secondary glaucoma']


abstract: The authors a case of a 53 year old @entity1 who has been under observation of the Ophthalmologic Department from lassy Railway Hospital since September 2000. The the diagnosis was on both eyes: Operate @entity726 . Incipient @entity231 . Anterior Uveiti Sechelae. Cicatricial Corioretinitis. In January 2001 this @entity1 came in our clinic on the right eye with acute decrease of visual acuity from 1/6 to 1/25 on @entity735 , with marked @entity2194 . The suspected etiologic diagnosis was initially RE: Intermediate @entity1596 . After local and general treatment with @entity228 antiinflammatory agents the inflammatory phenomena was decreased but the visual acuity remained unchanged. After that we suspected macular cystoid @entity4 . The cause of the visual acuity decrease remains obscure and this case underlines the difficulties meeting on the therapeutic management of the @entity726 on an eye with numerous associated diseases.

title: [Macular cystoid XXXX in eyes with @entity726 after surgery].

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']