abstract: OBJECTIVE: Transpedicular instrumentation of the @entity3604 spine is a challenge for the spine surgeon due to the probability of screw loosening and the potential possibility of nonunion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of bone cement augmented screw fixation in @entity1 with severe @entity170 . METHODS: Between February 2004 and August 2007, 250 @entity1 with severe @entity170 (T-score on BMD < -3.0) that had screw fixation were included in this study. The @entity1 were divided into two groups (Group I: 157 @entity1 that underwent bone cement augmented screw fixation that had a variety of spine spinal diseases including @entity174 , and Group II: 93 @entity1 with severe @entity170 that had screw fixation without bone cement augmentation). The imaging and clinical features were analyzed, including bone cement augmented levels, fusion rate and related complications. The visual analog scale (VAS), @entity717 questionnaire (ODI) and modified MacNab's criteria were used for the assessment of @entity158 and functional capacity. RESULTS: In both groups, a significant improvement in the VAS and ODI was achieved. 146 out of 157 @entity1 (93%) in Group I and 83 out of 93 @entity1 (90%) in Group II were graded as an excellent or good result according to the modified MacNab's criteria. None of the @entity1 experienced serious complications. However, there were two cases with @entity16 as a result of bone cement extravasation in Group I. For Group II, there were five cases of screw loosening that required re-operation for bone cement augmentation. CONCLUSION: Whether bone cement augmentation was performed or not, it was possible to achieve satisfactory results in @entity1 with severe @entity170 . However, if used carefully, bone cement augmented transpedicular screwing can reduce screw loosening and pullout in @entity1 with severe @entity170 .

title: Clinical efficacy of bone cement augmented screw fixation for the severe XXXX spine.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to describe the clinical presentation, surgical outcome in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity602 caused by ossification of the yellow ligament (OYL). METHODS: The authors reviewed consequent 12 @entity1 in whom posterior decompressive laminectomies were performed for OYL from 1999 to 2005. Diagnostic imagings including simple radiographs, computed tomography and magnetic resonance images were performed in each case. The @entity1 were reviewed to evaluate the clinical presentation, surgical outcome and complications of the operation. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , OYL was located in the lower thoracic region and all @entity1 presented with @entity1183 on both limbs and @entity158 . Among them, 5 @entity1 presented with gait disturbance due to paraparesis and two @entity1 had @entity1690 . Decompressive laminectomy through a posterior approach using microscope resulted in improvement of symptoms in all @entity1 , but, recovery was incomplete in a half of the @entity1 . The mean postoperative Japanese orthopaedics association (JOA) score was 7.9 when compared with 4.9 in preoperative assessment and the mean recovery rate was 65%. Dural tear was noticed in four @entity1 , so dural repair was performed, but there were no @entity51 related to @entity130 . CONCLUSION: OYL is an uncommon cause of @entity602 but it can lead to debilitating thoracic @entity602 . Careful decompressive laminectomy can achieve favorable results.

title: Symptomatic XXXX caused by ossification of the yellow ligament.

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['neural injury']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: The conventional wheelchair sling seat provides little or no support to the spine of a @entity1 with @entity121 or @entity425 . As the spinal muscles become @entity1635 may develop with @entity85 , @entity158 and restriction of cardio-respiratory function. If @entity425 is severe, the resultant fully developed @entity85 is virtually impossible to treat. Slowing the rate of @entity85 is, therefore, the most hopeful avenue of attack. This work addresses the hypothesis that custom moulded seating can increase sitting comfort and slow the rate of progression of spinal curvature in @entity1 with @entity1635 , and further, that a range of standard or modular seats can achieve these goals at less cost. Previous work on this problem has ranged from simply padding the armrest, in order to distribute force over the rib cage, through to custom moulded seating. Our initial experience with custom moulding, using the bean bag evacuation and consolidation technique, produced several comfortable seats although the technique was labour intensive and therefore costly. This led us to attempt to develop a method of providing comfortable seating that would help control @entity85 at reasonable cost. This paper describes the design of a standardized seating system for school age @entity1 with @entity121 or @entity425 . Preliminary results indicate that this technique may have advantages over alternative methods of treatment. The radiological study is continuing.

title: Modular seating for XXXX : design and initial experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['weaker scoliosis', 'paralytic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness', 'neurogenic muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'spinal deformity', 'increase of the deformity', 'associated deformity']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['paralytic scoliosis']


abstract: Background Context. Cement leakage is not a rare complication of vertebroplasty, but ascending @entity3173 is exceptionally rare. We herein report the first case to our knowledge of this complication related to vertebroplasty. Purpose. We herein report the first case of ascending @entity3173 following epidural cement leakage after percutaneous vertebroplasty in a @entity1 with multiple @entity3814 . Study Design. CASE REPORT: Methods. A 64-year-old @entity1 with T8, T10, L2, and L4 @entity3814 underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty using polymethylmethacrylate. 40 minutes after the procedure the @entity1 started suffering back and leg @entity158 , having repetitive @entity2045 lasting 15 seconds of the lower extremities, @entity2473 , @entity7129 , @entity519 , and @entity520 . Results. The @entity1 recovered completely due to a combination of early effective resuscitation and considered definitive management. Conclusions. Percutaneous vertebroplasty with @entity4625 is relatively safe but has few dangerous complications, which should be prevented by a meticulous technique and excellent image quality.

title: Ascending XXXX after percutaneous vertebroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic jerks']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['tonic clonic seizure syndrome']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['spasm of the back, dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity3173 :: (MESH:D004830,Disease) :: ['tonic clonic seizure syndrome']


abstract: We describe a 16-year-old Caucasian @entity1 who presented with @entity479 -sensitive @entity1985 aged 2 years. His clinical course was one of frequent relapses and severe @entity479 dependence. To manage this, he was sequentially treated with @entity7305 , then oral @entity786 before being started on @entity205 . A renal biopsy performed prior to commencement of @entity205 confirmed minimal change disease on light microscopy. The immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy findings were in keeping with this. His complement levels were normal and his lupus serology negative. He remained on @entity205 therapy for 8 years and had two further renal biopsies to detect @entity205 -induced @entity8 . Both biopsies showed evidence of increasing amounts of @entity6300 deposition on immunohistochemistry and the presence of immune deposits on electron microscopy. As he had continued negative lupus serology, this was compatible with a diagnosis of @entity6300 @entity8 . In addition both biopsies had changes compatible with chronic mild @entity205 nephrotoxicity. This case is the first report describing in detail a paediatric @entity1 with evolving @entity6300 @entity8 who was treated successfully with rituximab. We discuss the role of @entity6300 in this clinicopathological entity and question its significance.

title: @entity6300 XXXX : a true immune complex disease or an immunologic epiphenomenon?

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal damage']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: We describe a 16-year-old Caucasian @entity1 who presented with @entity479 -sensitive @entity1985 aged 2 years. His clinical course was one of frequent relapses and severe @entity479 dependence. To manage this, he was sequentially treated with @entity7305 , then oral @entity786 before being started on @entity205 . A renal biopsy performed prior to commencement of @entity205 confirmed minimal change disease on light microscopy. The immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy findings were in keeping with this. His complement levels were normal and his lupus serology negative. He remained on @entity205 therapy for 8 years and had two further renal biopsies to detect @entity205 -induced @entity8 . Both biopsies showed evidence of increasing amounts of @entity6300 deposition on immunohistochemistry and the presence of immune deposits on electron microscopy. As he had continued negative lupus serology, this was compatible with a diagnosis of @entity6300 @entity8 . In addition both biopsies had changes compatible with chronic mild @entity205 nephrotoxicity. This case is the first report describing in detail a paediatric @entity1 with evolving @entity6300 @entity8 who was treated successfully with rituximab. We discuss the role of @entity6300 in this clinicopathological entity and question its significance.

title: XXXX @entity8 : a true immune complex disease or an immunologic epiphenomenon?

answer: @entity6300 :: (712,Gene) :: ['C1q']


abstract: @entity7860 has been documented in only a handful of @entity1 under the age of four. We describe a 3-year-old @entity1 presenting with @entity417 and @entity177 whose kidney biopsy showed @entity631 ( @entity631 ) disease. She was treated aggressively with pulse @entity230 , plasmapheresis and monthly infusions of @entity786 . After months of aggressive immunosuppression, her renal function normalized, and her anti- @entity631 antibody disappeared. A year after the onset, she underwent a second kidney biopsy for persistent @entity644 and @entity101 that surprisingly showed focal sclerosing @entity631 , an unreported finding at this age. The biopsy showed deposition of antibody on the @entity631 despite the fact that anti- @entity631 antibody had normalized in the serum 5 months earlier. @entity618 was added to the immunosuppression at that point. At her 3-year follow-up, @entity1011 clearance was 88.4 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), @entity644 was 408 mg/day and blood pressure was controlled with @entity4688 0.2 mg/kg/day. She has not had a relapse or abnormal anti- @entity631 antibody for 30 months, but her renal prognosis remains guarded. To our knowledge, this is the youngest @entity1 to have a successful rescue of renal function after isolated @entity7860 .

title: Rescue of renal function in a 3-year-old @entity1 with XXXX with a brief review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['Mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ["Goodpasture's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glomerulonephritis', 'anti-glomerular basement membrane']

answer: @entity7860 :: (MESH:D019867,Disease) :: ['Goodpasture's syndrome']


abstract: @entity7860 has been documented in only a handful of @entity1 under the age of four. We describe a 3-year-old @entity1 presenting with @entity417 and @entity177 whose kidney biopsy showed @entity631 ( @entity631 ) disease. She was treated aggressively with pulse @entity230 , plasmapheresis and monthly infusions of @entity786 . After months of aggressive immunosuppression, her renal function normalized, and her anti- @entity631 antibody disappeared. A year after the onset, she underwent a second kidney biopsy for persistent @entity644 and @entity101 that surprisingly showed focal sclerosing @entity631 , an unreported finding at this age. The biopsy showed deposition of antibody on the @entity631 despite the fact that anti- @entity631 antibody had normalized in the serum 5 months earlier. @entity618 was added to the immunosuppression at that point. At her 3-year follow-up, @entity1011 clearance was 88.4 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), @entity644 was 408 mg/day and blood pressure was controlled with @entity4688 0.2 mg/kg/day. She has not had a relapse or abnormal anti- @entity631 antibody for 30 months, but her renal prognosis remains guarded. To our knowledge, this is the youngest @entity1 to have a successful rescue of renal function after isolated @entity7860 .

title: Rescue of renal function in a 3-year-old XXXX with @entity7860 with a brief review of literature.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girl']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited data exist regarding the effect of the growth process on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk in male versus female @entity1 . HYPOTHESIS: The proportion of @entity130 /sports injuries presenting to clinic will vary by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional epidemiologic study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: The study group consisted of a randomly selected 5% probability sample of all @entity1 5 to 17 years of age presenting to a sports medicine clinic from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2009; 2133 charts were reviewed. Data collected included demographics, height and weight, injury mechanism, diagnosis, treatment, @entity130 , and organized sports. RESULTS: A total of 206 ACL tears were analyzed (104 @entity1 , 102 @entity1 ). @entity1 were slightly older than @entity1 (15.1    1.7 vs 14.3    2.1 years; P < 0.01). Male-female comparison of @entity130 /total injury by age revealed that @entity1 had a steeper increase by age than @entity1 . Among 5- to 12-year-olds, @entity1 had a higher @entity130 /total injury ratio than @entity1 (all P < 0.01). @entity1 13 to 17 years of age showed no significant difference for sex in @entity130 /total injury ratio. As age advanced, the proportion of @entity130 /total injuries increased for both @entity1 (P < 0.01) and @entity1 (P = 0.04). BMI was independently associated with an @entity130 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The proportion of @entity130 /total injuries was similar for @entity1 and @entity1 aged 13 to 17 years. @entity1 showed a significantly steeper increase in @entity130 proportion versus @entity1 through puberty. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study will increase clinician awareness of @entity130 occurrence in young male and female athletes 5 to 12 years of age. Injury prevention efforts should target young @entity1 before the onset of puberty and before injury occurs.

title: Anterior cruciate XXXX in pediatric athletes presenting to sports medicine clinic: a comparison of males and females through growth and development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['previous injury', 'ACL injury', 'ACL injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This multicenter international cross-sectional observational study characterized vascular and @entity340 burden and correlations with pulse pressure, @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity65 in prevalent hemodialysis @entity1 . METHODS: We enrolled 275 consecutive adults with @entity454 on maintenance hemodialysis for    3 months. Coprimary endpoints were prevalences of: (1) echocardiographic @entity730 in mitral valve, aortic valve or mitral annulus; (2) @entity729 by plain lateral lumbar X-ray. Correlations among @entity730 sites and with demographics and comorbidities were determined. Pulse pressures were determined. RESULTS: Subjects' mean        standard deviation (SD) age was 56        15.9 years; mean (SD) dialysis duration was 4.5        4.3 years. Overall, 100% of echocardiographically imaged @entity1 (n   =   243) had @entity730 in aortic valve, mitral valve, or mitral annulus; 77.8% of X-rayed @entity1 (n   =   248) had @entity730 . Radiographic @entity730 score correlated significantly with @entity730 of aortic valve (p   <   0.0001) and mitral annulus (p   =   0.0001) but not mitral valve. Aortic valve, mitral valve, and @entity730 correlated significantly among themselves (p   <   0.0001). Moderate/severe @entity7874 was significantly more prevalent in @entity1 aged    65 years than <65 years, @entity1 than @entity1 , and Whites than African Americans. Pulse pressure correlated significantly with @entity729 score (p   =   0.0049) but not with @entity340 at any site. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular and @entity340 are highly prevalent in the hemodialysis population. @entity1095 correlates significantly with elevated pulse pressure and can be assessed easily using lateral lumbar X-ray. Further studies investigating the interaction between pulse pressure and development or progression of @entity729 are of interest.

title: The prevalence of @entity729 in @entity1 with XXXX on hemodialysis: a cross-sectional observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve calcification']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic calcification', 'calcification', 'mitral annulus calcification']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification', 'aortoiliac tree vascular calcifications']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular calcification']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This multicenter international cross-sectional observational study characterized vascular and @entity340 burden and correlations with pulse pressure, @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity65 in prevalent hemodialysis @entity1 . METHODS: We enrolled 275 consecutive adults with @entity454 on maintenance hemodialysis for    3 months. Coprimary endpoints were prevalences of: (1) echocardiographic @entity730 in mitral valve, aortic valve or mitral annulus; (2) @entity729 by plain lateral lumbar X-ray. Correlations among @entity730 sites and with demographics and comorbidities were determined. Pulse pressures were determined. RESULTS: Subjects' mean        standard deviation (SD) age was 56        15.9 years; mean (SD) dialysis duration was 4.5        4.3 years. Overall, 100% of echocardiographically imaged @entity1 (n   =   243) had @entity730 in aortic valve, mitral valve, or mitral annulus; 77.8% of X-rayed @entity1 (n   =   248) had @entity730 . Radiographic @entity730 score correlated significantly with @entity730 of aortic valve (p   <   0.0001) and mitral annulus (p   =   0.0001) but not mitral valve. Aortic valve, mitral valve, and @entity730 correlated significantly among themselves (p   <   0.0001). Moderate/severe @entity7874 was significantly more prevalent in @entity1 aged    65 years than <65 years, @entity1 than @entity1 , and Whites than African Americans. Pulse pressure correlated significantly with @entity729 score (p   =   0.0049) but not with @entity340 at any site. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular and @entity340 are highly prevalent in the hemodialysis population. @entity1095 correlates significantly with elevated pulse pressure and can be assessed easily using lateral lumbar X-ray. Further studies investigating the interaction between pulse pressure and development or progression of @entity729 are of interest.

title: The prevalence of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity454 on hemodialysis: a cross-sectional observational study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['vascular calcification']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This multicenter international cross-sectional observational study characterized vascular and @entity340 burden and correlations with pulse pressure, @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity65 in prevalent hemodialysis @entity1 . METHODS: We enrolled 275 consecutive adults with @entity454 on maintenance hemodialysis for    3 months. Coprimary endpoints were prevalences of: (1) echocardiographic @entity730 in mitral valve, aortic valve or mitral annulus; (2) @entity729 by plain lateral lumbar X-ray. Correlations among @entity730 sites and with demographics and comorbidities were determined. Pulse pressures were determined. RESULTS: Subjects' mean        standard deviation (SD) age was 56        15.9 years; mean (SD) dialysis duration was 4.5        4.3 years. Overall, 100% of echocardiographically imaged @entity1 (n   =   243) had @entity730 in aortic valve, mitral valve, or mitral annulus; 77.8% of X-rayed @entity1 (n   =   248) had @entity730 . Radiographic @entity730 score correlated significantly with @entity730 of aortic valve (p   <   0.0001) and mitral annulus (p   =   0.0001) but not mitral valve. Aortic valve, mitral valve, and @entity730 correlated significantly among themselves (p   <   0.0001). Moderate/severe @entity7874 was significantly more prevalent in @entity1 aged    65 years than <65 years, @entity1 than @entity1 , and Whites than African Americans. Pulse pressure correlated significantly with @entity729 score (p   =   0.0049) but not with @entity340 at any site. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular and @entity340 are highly prevalent in the hemodialysis population. @entity1095 correlates significantly with elevated pulse pressure and can be assessed easily using lateral lumbar X-ray. Further studies investigating the interaction between pulse pressure and development or progression of @entity729 are of interest.

title: The prevalence of @entity729 in XXXX with @entity454 on hemodialysis: a cross-sectional observational study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spatio-temporal patterns on benthic molluscan macrofauna structure and function (feeding guilds) were investigated in a commercial fishing ground in Thermaikos Gulf (N Aegean @entity7885 ). Fishery management measures in this area include a trawling period of 8   months per year (October to May). Macrofauna samples were collected before and after 30 and 120   days of the commencement of the trawling period (temporal @entity2270 ) along a southward transect ( @entity2414 ) and down through the sediment profile (vertical @entity2270 ). RESULTS: Main results revealed no recognizable changes in community diversity and structure at temporal scales. This finding can probably be attributed to the fact that the examined communities are subjected to continuous disturbances deriving from multiple natural and anthropogenic stressors acting simultaneously in Thermaikos Gulf. Molluscan assemblages were already stressed before the commencement of the trawling period, indicating that the time period in which bottom trawling is prohibited is not sufficient for the recovery of benthic communities. Significant shifts in the trophic structure of molluscan assemblages were also detected. The direct mortality of herbivorous species and the loss of filter feeding organisms may be attributed to the passage of the fishing gear and to sediment re-suspension, respectively. Trawling disturbance may have created the observed vertical patterns of the community structure since hauling induces profound changes in the geochemical profile of the sediment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings sustained the notion that bottom trawling, alongside with other types of @entity1 induced stressors, can have considerable effects on the structure and function of the benthic domain. Therefore, our results highlighted the need of an Ecosystem Based Fishery Management (EBFM) perspective in Thermaikos Gulf to ensure both fisheries and ecosystem sustainability.

title: Benthic molluscan macrofauna structure in heavily trawled sediments (Thermaikos Gulf, North Aegean XXXX ): spatiotemporal patterns.

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['spatial axis']

answer: @entity7885 :: (6395,Gene) :: ['Sea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bronchoscopy is frequently nondiagnostic in @entity1 with @entity358 suspected to be @entity2 . This often results in additional invasive testing, although many lesions are benign. We sought to validate a bronchial-airway gene-expression classifier that could improve the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy. METHODS: Current or former smokers undergoing bronchoscopy for suspected @entity2 were enrolled at 28 centers in two multicenter prospective studies (AEGIS-1 and AEGIS-2). A gene-expression classifier was measured in epithelial cells collected from the normal-appearing mainstem bronchus to assess the probability of @entity2 . RESULTS: A total of 639 @entity1 in AEGIS-1 (298 @entity1 ) and AEGIS-2 (341 @entity1 ) met the criteria for inclusion. A total of 43% of bronchoscopic examinations were nondiagnostic for @entity2 , and invasive procedures were performed after bronchoscopy in 35% of @entity1 with benign lesions. In AEGIS-1, the classifier had an area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.83), a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI, 83 to 92), and a specificity of 47% (95% CI, 37 to 58). In AEGIS-2, the classifier had an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.80), a sensitivity of 89% (95% CI, 84 to 92), and a specificity of 47% (95% CI, 36 to 59). The combination of the classifier plus bronchoscopy had a sensitivity of 96% (95% CI, 93 to 98) in AEGIS-1 and 98% (95% CI, 96 to 99) in AEGIS-2, independent of lesion size and location. In 101 @entity1 with an intermediate pretest probability of @entity5 , the negative predictive value of the classifier was 91% (95% CI, 75 to 98) among @entity1 with a nondiagnostic bronchoscopic examination. CONCLUSIONS: The gene-expression classifier improved the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy for the detection of @entity2 . In intermediate-risk @entity1 with a nondiagnostic bronchoscopic examination, a negative classifier score provides support for a more conservative diagnostic approach. (Funded by Allegro Diagnostics and others; AEGIS-1 and AEGIS-2 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01309087 and NCT00746759.).

title: A Bronchial Genomic Classifier for the Diagnostic Evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of @entity0 -derived brain metastasis is poor, but new drugs and recent therapeutic strategies have helped extend survival in @entity1 . Prediction of therapeutic responses and outcomes is not yet possible, however. In a retrospective study, we examined prognostic factors in @entity1 with @entity0 -derived brain metastasis, and we tested the prognostic utility of a @entity0 -specific Graded Prognostic Assessment in these @entity1 . METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 diagnosed with brain metastasis from @entity0 treated surgically and adjuvantly were included. We examined clinical variables per @entity5 subtype: ER+/ @entity1722 - (luminal), @entity1722 + ( @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-enriched) or ER-/PR-/ @entity1722 - (triple negative). We also categorized @entity1 ' @entity0 -specific Graded Prognostic Assessment scores and analyzed post-brain metastasis survival time in relation to these categories. RESULTS: The @entity0 comprised the following subtypes: luminal, n = 18; @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-enriched, n = 27 and triple-negative, n = 18; median survival per subtype was 11, 37 and 3 months, respectively. Survival of @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-enriched @entity1 was longer, though not significantly (P = 0.188), than that of luminal @entity1 . Survival of triple-negative @entity1 was significantly short (vs. @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-enriched @entity1 , P < 0.001). Karnofsky performance status, @entity1722 status and the disease-free interval (from initial treatment to first recurrence) were shown to be significant prognostic factors (Karnofsky performance status < 70: relative risk 2.08, P = 0.028; @entity1722 +: relative risk 2.911, P = 0.004; disease-free interval < 24 months: relative risk 1.933, P = 0.011). @entity0 -specific Graded Prognostic Assessment scores reflected disease-free intervals and survival times. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that @entity0 -specific Graded Prognostic Assessment-based prediction will be helpful in determining appropriate therapeutic strategies for @entity1 with brain metastasis from @entity0 .

title: Prolonged survival after diagnosis of brain metastasis from XXXX : contributing factors and treatment implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity19316 ( @entity8312 ) has been suggested to have neuroprotective effects against @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ); however, few studies have examined these effects and the corresponding mechanism. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of @entity8312 against contusive @entity1566 . Adult male @entity35 were randomly divided into Sham, normal saline (NS) and @entity8312 groups. Each group was divided into subgroups according to the time of sacrifice: 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28  days post-injury. Laminectomy was performed in all groups, followed by contusive @entity1566 establishment in the @entity8312 and NS groups. @entity8312 (80  mg/kg) was injected thereafter daily from 3 to 7  days post-injury in the @entity8312 group, which was replaced by equal volume of normal saline in the NS group. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) Locomotor Rating Scale was measured at different time points post-injury to appraise locomotor functional recovery. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence were used to assess the spatio-temporal expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y coactivator-1a ( @entity6229 ), while western blot was adopted to detect the effect of @entity8312 on @entity6229 . Neural apoptotic changes and neuronal survival were evaluated using the TUNEL method and Nissl staining, respectively. @entity8312 treatment markedly increased @entity6229 expression, neuronal survival and BBB locomotor scores, while also reducing neural apoptosis. These results demonstrate that @entity8312 is neuroprotective against contusive @entity1566 , with the inhibition of neural apoptosis and increase of neuronal survival. The sustained expression of @entity6229 may partially contribute to the @entity8312 -mediated neuroprotective effect.

title: The Neuroprotective Effect of XXXX Against Contusive @entity1566 by Activating @entity6229 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity19316 :: ('MESH:C017953', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetramethylpyrazine']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity19316 :: (MESH:C017953,Chemical) :: ['Tetramethylpyrazine']


abstract: @entity19316 ( @entity8312 ) has been suggested to have neuroprotective effects against @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ); however, few studies have examined these effects and the corresponding mechanism. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of @entity8312 against contusive @entity1566 . Adult male @entity35 were randomly divided into Sham, normal saline (NS) and @entity8312 groups. Each group was divided into subgroups according to the time of sacrifice: 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28  days post-injury. Laminectomy was performed in all groups, followed by contusive @entity1566 establishment in the @entity8312 and NS groups. @entity8312 (80  mg/kg) was injected thereafter daily from 3 to 7  days post-injury in the @entity8312 group, which was replaced by equal volume of normal saline in the NS group. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) Locomotor Rating Scale was measured at different time points post-injury to appraise locomotor functional recovery. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence were used to assess the spatio-temporal expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y coactivator-1a ( @entity6229 ), while western blot was adopted to detect the effect of @entity8312 on @entity6229 . Neural apoptotic changes and neuronal survival were evaluated using the TUNEL method and Nissl staining, respectively. @entity8312 treatment markedly increased @entity6229 expression, neuronal survival and BBB locomotor scores, while also reducing neural apoptosis. These results demonstrate that @entity8312 is neuroprotective against contusive @entity1566 , with the inhibition of neural apoptosis and increase of neuronal survival. The sustained expression of @entity6229 may partially contribute to the @entity8312 -mediated neuroprotective effect.

title: The Neuroprotective Effect of @entity19316 Against Contusive @entity1566 by Activating XXXX in @entity35 .

answer: @entity6229 :: (83516(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PGC-1a']


abstract: @entity19316 ( @entity8312 ) has been suggested to have neuroprotective effects against @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ); however, few studies have examined these effects and the corresponding mechanism. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of @entity8312 against contusive @entity1566 . Adult male @entity35 were randomly divided into Sham, normal saline (NS) and @entity8312 groups. Each group was divided into subgroups according to the time of sacrifice: 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28  days post-injury. Laminectomy was performed in all groups, followed by contusive @entity1566 establishment in the @entity8312 and NS groups. @entity8312 (80  mg/kg) was injected thereafter daily from 3 to 7  days post-injury in the @entity8312 group, which was replaced by equal volume of normal saline in the NS group. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) Locomotor Rating Scale was measured at different time points post-injury to appraise locomotor functional recovery. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence were used to assess the spatio-temporal expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y coactivator-1a ( @entity6229 ), while western blot was adopted to detect the effect of @entity8312 on @entity6229 . Neural apoptotic changes and neuronal survival were evaluated using the TUNEL method and Nissl staining, respectively. @entity8312 treatment markedly increased @entity6229 expression, neuronal survival and BBB locomotor scores, while also reducing neural apoptosis. These results demonstrate that @entity8312 is neuroprotective against contusive @entity1566 , with the inhibition of neural apoptosis and increase of neuronal survival. The sustained expression of @entity6229 may partially contribute to the @entity8312 -mediated neuroprotective effect.

title: The Neuroprotective Effect of @entity19316 Against Contusive XXXX by Activating @entity6229 in @entity35 .

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']


abstract: @entity19316 ( @entity8312 ) has been suggested to have neuroprotective effects against @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ); however, few studies have examined these effects and the corresponding mechanism. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of @entity8312 against contusive @entity1566 . Adult male @entity35 were randomly divided into Sham, normal saline (NS) and @entity8312 groups. Each group was divided into subgroups according to the time of sacrifice: 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28  days post-injury. Laminectomy was performed in all groups, followed by contusive @entity1566 establishment in the @entity8312 and NS groups. @entity8312 (80  mg/kg) was injected thereafter daily from 3 to 7  days post-injury in the @entity8312 group, which was replaced by equal volume of normal saline in the NS group. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) Locomotor Rating Scale was measured at different time points post-injury to appraise locomotor functional recovery. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence were used to assess the spatio-temporal expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y coactivator-1a ( @entity6229 ), while western blot was adopted to detect the effect of @entity8312 on @entity6229 . Neural apoptotic changes and neuronal survival were evaluated using the TUNEL method and Nissl staining, respectively. @entity8312 treatment markedly increased @entity6229 expression, neuronal survival and BBB locomotor scores, while also reducing neural apoptosis. These results demonstrate that @entity8312 is neuroprotective against contusive @entity1566 , with the inhibition of neural apoptosis and increase of neuronal survival. The sustained expression of @entity6229 may partially contribute to the @entity8312 -mediated neuroprotective effect.

title: The Neuroprotective Effect of @entity19316 Against Contusive @entity1566 by Activating @entity6229 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: @entity9576 is a sporadic alpha-synucleinopathy that typically affects @entity1 in their sixth decade of life and beyond. The defining clinical features of the disease include @entity11460 , @entity304 , and @entity6447 leading to significant disability. Pathologically, multiple system @entity194 is characterized by glial cytoplasmic inclusions containing filamentous @entity8095 . @entity528 also have been reported but remain less well defined. This study aimed to further define the spectrum of neuronal pathology in 35 @entity1 with multiple system @entity194 (20 male, 15 female; mean age at death 64.7 years; median disease duration 6.5 years, range 2.2 to 15.6 years). The morphologic type, topography, and frequencies of neuronal inclusions, including globular cytoplasmic (Lewy body-like) neuronal inclusions, were determined across a wide spectrum of brain regions. A correlation matrix of pathologic severity also was calculated between distinct anatomic regions of involvement (striatum, substantia nigra, olivary and pontine nuclei, hippocampus, forebrain and thalamus, anterior cingulate and neocortex, and white matter of cerebrum, cerebellum, and corpus callosum). The major finding was the identification of widespread neuronal inclusions in the majority of @entity1 , not only in typical disease-associated regions (striatum, substantia nigra), but also within anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, basal forebrain and hypothalamus. Neuronal inclusion pathology appeared to follow a hierarchy of region-specific susceptibility, independent of the clinical phenotype, and the severity of pathology was duration-dependent. @entity528 also were identified in regions not previously implicated in the disease, such as within cerebellar roof nuclei. Lewy body-like inclusions in multiple system @entity194 followed the stepwise anatomic progression of Lewy body-spectrum disease inclusion pathology in 25.7% of @entity1 with multiple system @entity194 , including a @entity1 with @entity1833 . Further, the presence of Lewy body-like inclusions in neocortex, but not hippocampal @entity8095 pathology, was associated with @entity73 (P = 0.002). However, several cases had the presence of isolated Lewy body-like inclusions at atypical sites (e.g. thalamus, @entity76 ) that are not typical for Lewy body-spectrum disease. Finally, interregional correlations (rho >=  0.6) in pathologic glial and @entity528 burden suggest shared mechanisms of disease progression between both discrete anatomic regions (e.g. basal forebrain and hippocampus) and cell types (neuronal and glial inclusions in frontal cortex and white matter, respectively). These findings suggest that in addition to glial inclusions, neuronal pathology plays an important role in the developmental and progression of multiple system @entity194 .

title: Expanding the spectrum of neuronal pathology in multiple system XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['deep cerebellar nuclei']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Neuronal inclusions', 'neuronal lesion']

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['progressive autonomic failure']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Infra orbital nerve block is utilized for @entity282 control in @entity1 undergoing @entity3384 repair. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness, @entity2694 and opioids for @entity282 relief following cheiloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty paediatric @entity1 aged 3 months - 13 years undergoing cheiloplasty were selected by simple random sampling and were divided into two groups. All the @entity1 received standardized premedication with @entity1363 , were operated upon under general anaesthesia and the block was performed at the end of surgery before reversal. Group B @entity1 were administered bilateral infra orbital nerve block with 0.25% @entity1341 (upto 2 mg/kg). Group O @entity1 received @entity12586 0.5 mg / kg IV. Postoperatively, the heart rate and respiratory rates were recorded every 15 minutes for the first 60 minutes, half hourly till 4 hours and then at 12 and 24 hours. Behavioural assessment for @entity158 / discomfort was done at intervals of   , 1, 2, 3, 4, 12 and 24 hours. Need for supplementary analgesics and duration between the administration of block/opioid and the first dose of supplementary analgesics were noted. Side effects such as @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity111 , @entity1576 and @entity1168 during each of these periods were noted. RESULTS: Both the groups were comparable for age, sex, weight and operative time with no statistical difference. The mean duration of @entity1337 for infra orbital nerve block was 357.5 minutes i.e. 5 hours 58 minutes and that for opioid was 231 minutes i.e. 3 hours 51 minutes which was significantly lower than the hours of @entity1337 provided by the block. Further, at the 4th hour, 76.6% of the @entity1 in Group O required supplementary analgesics, in contrast to only 16.6% in Group B. The incidence of @entity390 and @entity391 and @entity111 was also higher in Group O. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that bilateral infra orbital nerve block provides effective @entity1337 in the postoperative period, lasting for 6 hours in comparison to 3   - 4 hours following the administration of intravenous @entity12586 , with no major untoward effects.

title: Bilateral Infraorbital Nerve Block Versus Intravenous XXXX : A Comparative Study on Post-operative @entity158 Relief Following Cleft Lip Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12586 :: ('MESH:D010423', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentazocine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['advantages and disadvantages of infra orbital nerve block']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['Bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity12586 :: (MESH:D010423,Chemical) :: ['Pentazocine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Infra orbital nerve block is utilized for @entity282 control in @entity1 undergoing @entity3384 repair. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness, @entity2694 and opioids for @entity282 relief following cheiloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty paediatric @entity1 aged 3 months - 13 years undergoing cheiloplasty were selected by simple random sampling and were divided into two groups. All the @entity1 received standardized premedication with @entity1363 , were operated upon under general anaesthesia and the block was performed at the end of surgery before reversal. Group B @entity1 were administered bilateral infra orbital nerve block with 0.25% @entity1341 (upto 2 mg/kg). Group O @entity1 received @entity12586 0.5 mg / kg IV. Postoperatively, the heart rate and respiratory rates were recorded every 15 minutes for the first 60 minutes, half hourly till 4 hours and then at 12 and 24 hours. Behavioural assessment for @entity158 / discomfort was done at intervals of   , 1, 2, 3, 4, 12 and 24 hours. Need for supplementary analgesics and duration between the administration of block/opioid and the first dose of supplementary analgesics were noted. Side effects such as @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity111 , @entity1576 and @entity1168 during each of these periods were noted. RESULTS: Both the groups were comparable for age, sex, weight and operative time with no statistical difference. The mean duration of @entity1337 for infra orbital nerve block was 357.5 minutes i.e. 5 hours 58 minutes and that for opioid was 231 minutes i.e. 3 hours 51 minutes which was significantly lower than the hours of @entity1337 provided by the block. Further, at the 4th hour, 76.6% of the @entity1 in Group O required supplementary analgesics, in contrast to only 16.6% in Group B. The incidence of @entity390 and @entity391 and @entity111 was also higher in Group O. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that bilateral infra orbital nerve block provides effective @entity1337 in the postoperative period, lasting for 6 hours in comparison to 3   - 4 hours following the administration of intravenous @entity12586 , with no major untoward effects.

title: Bilateral Infraorbital Nerve Block Versus Intravenous @entity12586 : A Comparative Study on Post-operative XXXX Relief Following Cleft Lip Surgery.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Hyperinsulinaemia is associated with @entity28 but its causal role in the onset of @entity28 remains controversial. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that transient attenuation of diet-induced @entity2690 hypersecretion in young @entity19 can provide sustained protection against @entity28 throughout adult life. METHODS: Using 'genetically humanised' @entity19 lacking both alleles of rodent-specific @entity15981 , we compared @entity19 heterozygous for the ancestral @entity2690 gene @entity15979 with @entity15979 (+/+) controls. Female @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) and @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/+) littermates were fed chow or @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). @entity2690 secretion, metabolic health variables and body mass/composition were tracked for over 1  year. We examined islet function and adipose transcript levels of adipogenic, lipogenic and lipolytic genes at two time points. RESULTS: In control @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/+) @entity19 , @entity1386 resulted in elevated fasting and @entity413 -stimulated @entity2690 secretion between 8  weeks and 27  weeks of age. Hyperinsulinaemia was reduced by nearly 50% in @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) @entity19 during this period, without lasting adverse effects on @entity413 homeostasis. This corresponded with attenuated @entity1017 and adiposity. White adipose tissue from @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) @entity19 had fewer large lipid droplets, although transcriptional changes were not detected. Importantly, @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) @entity19 remained lighter than @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/+) littermates despite reaching an equivalent degree of hyperinsulinaemia on @entity1386 by 52  weeks. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These data demonstrate that attenuation of hyperinsulinaemia in young, growing female @entity19 provides a long-lasting protection against @entity28 . This protection persists despite a late-onset emergence of hyperinsulinaemia in @entity1386 -fed @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) @entity19 . Given the evolutionary conserved roles of @entity2690 , it is possible that suppressing hyperinsulinaemia early in life may have far-reaching consequences on @entity28 in full-grown adult @entity1 .

title: Suppression of hyperinsulinaemia in growing female @entity19 provides long-term protection against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['HFD', 'high-fat diet']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Hyperinsulinaemia is associated with @entity28 but its causal role in the onset of @entity28 remains controversial. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that transient attenuation of diet-induced @entity2690 hypersecretion in young @entity19 can provide sustained protection against @entity28 throughout adult life. METHODS: Using 'genetically humanised' @entity19 lacking both alleles of rodent-specific @entity15981 , we compared @entity19 heterozygous for the ancestral @entity2690 gene @entity15979 with @entity15979 (+/+) controls. Female @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) and @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/+) littermates were fed chow or @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). @entity2690 secretion, metabolic health variables and body mass/composition were tracked for over 1  year. We examined islet function and adipose transcript levels of adipogenic, lipogenic and lipolytic genes at two time points. RESULTS: In control @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/+) @entity19 , @entity1386 resulted in elevated fasting and @entity413 -stimulated @entity2690 secretion between 8  weeks and 27  weeks of age. Hyperinsulinaemia was reduced by nearly 50% in @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) @entity19 during this period, without lasting adverse effects on @entity413 homeostasis. This corresponded with attenuated @entity1017 and adiposity. White adipose tissue from @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) @entity19 had fewer large lipid droplets, although transcriptional changes were not detected. Importantly, @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) @entity19 remained lighter than @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/+) littermates despite reaching an equivalent degree of hyperinsulinaemia on @entity1386 by 52  weeks. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These data demonstrate that attenuation of hyperinsulinaemia in young, growing female @entity19 provides a long-lasting protection against @entity28 . This protection persists despite a late-onset emergence of hyperinsulinaemia in @entity1386 -fed @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) @entity19 . Given the evolutionary conserved roles of @entity2690 , it is possible that suppressing hyperinsulinaemia early in life may have far-reaching consequences on @entity28 in full-grown adult @entity1 .

title: Suppression of hyperinsulinaemia in growing female XXXX provides long-term protection against @entity28 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Corynebacteria have an important place among the commensal flora of the skin and mucous membranes. Except for @entity18310 , they were once considered contaminants of mucosa. Recent publications in medical bacteriology have highlighted the importance of several species, such as @entity62395 . To the best of our knowledge, we report the first isolation of this strain from urine. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a @entity1 with a @entity293 with @entity62395 . We isolated this bacterium from a 52-year-old @entity1 of Wolof ethniticity (an ethnic group in Senegal, West Africa) at the regional hospital of Saint Louis, Senegal. Microscopic examination of his total urine sample showed coryneform Gram-positive bacilli associated with a high leukocyte reaction. After repeated isolation of the corynebacteria in three samples from the @entity1 's urine, it was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The strain was susceptible to antibiotics, except for @entity114 and @entity799 . The potential infectious role of these commensal species in several @entity281 should be taken into consideration. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the significant proportion of species in the genus @entity18310 other than dyphteriae in the infectious process. The use of mass spectrometry for identification highlights the originality of this work and the importance of these new diagnostic tools that are unavailable in most health facilities of countries with limited resources. We share the results of our method of identification of the isolated bacteria. This case should prompt attention to these rare bacteria, which can cause severe @entity281 .

title: @entity293 with XXXX after urethroplasty stricture of the urethra: a case report.

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['co-trimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity18310 :: ('1717', 'Species') :: ['Corynebacterium diphtheriae', 'Corynebacterium']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity62395 :: (169292,Species) :: ['Corynebacterium aurimucosum']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Corynebacteria have an important place among the commensal flora of the skin and mucous membranes. Except for @entity18310 , they were once considered contaminants of mucosa. Recent publications in medical bacteriology have highlighted the importance of several species, such as @entity62395 . To the best of our knowledge, we report the first isolation of this strain from urine. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a @entity1 with a @entity293 with @entity62395 . We isolated this bacterium from a 52-year-old @entity1 of Wolof ethniticity (an ethnic group in Senegal, West Africa) at the regional hospital of Saint Louis, Senegal. Microscopic examination of his total urine sample showed coryneform Gram-positive bacilli associated with a high leukocyte reaction. After repeated isolation of the corynebacteria in three samples from the @entity1 's urine, it was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The strain was susceptible to antibiotics, except for @entity114 and @entity799 . The potential infectious role of these commensal species in several @entity281 should be taken into consideration. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the significant proportion of species in the genus @entity18310 other than dyphteriae in the infectious process. The use of mass spectrometry for identification highlights the originality of this work and the importance of these new diagnostic tools that are unavailable in most health facilities of countries with limited resources. We share the results of our method of identification of the isolated bacteria. This case should prompt attention to these rare bacteria, which can cause severe @entity281 .

title: XXXX with @entity62395 after urethroplasty stricture of the urethra: a case report.

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['Urinary tract infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity463 is the most frequent primary @entity1313 in adults. Despite treatments including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy by oral @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ), the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity463 remains very poor. We hypothesized that a @entity59837 ( @entity59837 ) injectable hydrogel would provide a sustained and local delivery of @entity2904 . The hydrogel photopolymerized rapidly (<2min) and presented a viscous modulus (   10kPa). @entity2904 release kinetic presented two phases: a linear burst release of 45% of @entity2904 during the first 24h, followed by a logarithmic release of 20% over the first week. The in vivo tolerability study showed that the unloaded hydrogel did not induce apoptosis in @entity19 brains nor increased microglial activation. In vivo, the anti- @entity5 efficacy of @entity2904 -hydrogel was evaluated on xenograft U87MG @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . The @entity5 weight of @entity19 treated with the photopolymerized @entity2904 hydrogel drastically decreased compared with all other groups. Higher apoptosis (located at the center of the @entity5 ) was also observed. The present study demonstrates the potential of a photopolymerizable @entity2904 -loaded hydrogel to treat @entity463 .

title: @entity2903 -loaded photopolymerizable @entity59837 -based hydrogel for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['malignant brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity59837 :: ('MESH:C421283', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate', 'PEG-DMA']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity463 is the most frequent primary @entity1313 in adults. Despite treatments including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy by oral @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ), the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity463 remains very poor. We hypothesized that a @entity59837 ( @entity59837 ) injectable hydrogel would provide a sustained and local delivery of @entity2904 . The hydrogel photopolymerized rapidly (<2min) and presented a viscous modulus (   10kPa). @entity2904 release kinetic presented two phases: a linear burst release of 45% of @entity2904 during the first 24h, followed by a logarithmic release of 20% over the first week. The in vivo tolerability study showed that the unloaded hydrogel did not induce apoptosis in @entity19 brains nor increased microglial activation. In vivo, the anti- @entity5 efficacy of @entity2904 -hydrogel was evaluated on xenograft U87MG @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . The @entity5 weight of @entity19 treated with the photopolymerized @entity2904 hydrogel drastically decreased compared with all other groups. Higher apoptosis (located at the center of the @entity5 ) was also observed. The present study demonstrates the potential of a photopolymerizable @entity2904 -loaded hydrogel to treat @entity463 .

title: XXXX -loaded photopolymerizable @entity59837 -based hydrogel for the treatment of @entity463 .

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['Temozolomide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity463 is the most frequent primary @entity1313 in adults. Despite treatments including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy by oral @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ), the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity463 remains very poor. We hypothesized that a @entity59837 ( @entity59837 ) injectable hydrogel would provide a sustained and local delivery of @entity2904 . The hydrogel photopolymerized rapidly (<2min) and presented a viscous modulus (   10kPa). @entity2904 release kinetic presented two phases: a linear burst release of 45% of @entity2904 during the first 24h, followed by a logarithmic release of 20% over the first week. The in vivo tolerability study showed that the unloaded hydrogel did not induce apoptosis in @entity19 brains nor increased microglial activation. In vivo, the anti- @entity5 efficacy of @entity2904 -hydrogel was evaluated on xenograft U87MG @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . The @entity5 weight of @entity19 treated with the photopolymerized @entity2904 hydrogel drastically decreased compared with all other groups. Higher apoptosis (located at the center of the @entity5 ) was also observed. The present study demonstrates the potential of a photopolymerizable @entity2904 -loaded hydrogel to treat @entity463 .

title: @entity2903 -loaded photopolymerizable XXXX -based hydrogel for the treatment of @entity463 .

answer: @entity59837 :: (MESH:C421283,Chemical) :: ['PEG-DMA']


abstract: Fifty-fix constrained total knee replacements (forty Guepar and sixteen Herbert prostheses) were performed in forty-nine severely disabled @entity5144 @entity1 and they were followed for two to four years. Seventeen of these knees were operated on to salvage a failed prosthesis. Good relief of @entity158 was achieved in 64 per cent of the knees but there was less improvement in walking and function. The over-all range of motion increased because of a reduction in preoperative @entity1159 . The results in the salvage group were less successful than in those @entity1 who underwent a primary operation. Between six months and one year postoperatively, @entity158 had developed in 17 per cent of the fifty-six knees, 9 per cent had walking difficulties, and 7 per cent lost function. @entity158 accounted for the unfavorable @entity158 ratings in over half of the knees. Zonal roentgenographic analysis of each knee indicated high incidences of radiolucent lines at the cement-bone interface (75 per cent), cement-metal lucencies (68 per cent), and @entity27760 (73 per cent). Forty-three per cent of the knees showed excessive posterior placement of the prosthesis of more than five millimeters, resulting in @entity1159 of as much as 5 degrees. Complications requiring reoperation developed in nine knees (16 per cent). There was one case of loosening and three knees had @entity281 . @entity282 were present in 48 per cent of the knees. The use of either a cemented metal-on-metal hinged knee replacement or a metal-on- @entity691 hinge type of prosthesis was found to result in a relatively high incidence of @entity177 and complications, and did not solve the problem of treating @entity1 with a failed knee prosthesis.

title: Results with the constrained total knee prosthesis in treating severely disabled XXXX and @entity1 with failed total knee replacements.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity27760 :: ('MESH:C563017', 'Disease') :: ['cement deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['failures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Patellofemoral pain']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['flexion contractures']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic postoperative effusions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Fifty-fix constrained total knee replacements (forty Guepar and sixteen Herbert prostheses) were performed in forty-nine severely disabled @entity5144 @entity1 and they were followed for two to four years. Seventeen of these knees were operated on to salvage a failed prosthesis. Good relief of @entity158 was achieved in 64 per cent of the knees but there was less improvement in walking and function. The over-all range of motion increased because of a reduction in preoperative @entity1159 . The results in the salvage group were less successful than in those @entity1 who underwent a primary operation. Between six months and one year postoperatively, @entity158 had developed in 17 per cent of the fifty-six knees, 9 per cent had walking difficulties, and 7 per cent lost function. @entity158 accounted for the unfavorable @entity158 ratings in over half of the knees. Zonal roentgenographic analysis of each knee indicated high incidences of radiolucent lines at the cement-bone interface (75 per cent), cement-metal lucencies (68 per cent), and @entity27760 (73 per cent). Forty-three per cent of the knees showed excessive posterior placement of the prosthesis of more than five millimeters, resulting in @entity1159 of as much as 5 degrees. Complications requiring reoperation developed in nine knees (16 per cent). There was one case of loosening and three knees had @entity281 . @entity282 were present in 48 per cent of the knees. The use of either a cemented metal-on-metal hinged knee replacement or a metal-on- @entity691 hinge type of prosthesis was found to result in a relatively high incidence of @entity177 and complications, and did not solve the problem of treating @entity1 with a failed knee prosthesis.

title: Results with the constrained total knee prosthesis in treating severely disabled @entity1 and XXXX with failed total knee replacements.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore social, psychological and financial burden on caregivers of chronically diseased @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from ambulatory and hospital areas in pediatrics department following informed consent. Parents who were caregivers of @entity1 18y or below in age with @entity102 were included. Socio-demographic details were collected using a semi structured questionnaire, adapted from Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS). The psychological well-being of caregivers was assessed using @entity1 Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized @entity148 (GAD-7). Descriptive analysis and ANOVA was done for comparing mean scores of responses to analyze financial, psychological and social burden across different diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 204 (89 females:115 males) participated. Only 27% were receiving some benefits from government or hospital side. No @entity308 were reported by 25% caregivers, while 37% reported mild and 38% moderate to severe @entity308 . No @entity148 were reported by 33%, while 50% reported mild and 17% moderate to severe @entity148 . No association was seen between gender of the caregiver and @entity308 . Significantly higher financial and social burden was seen in @entity306 and @entity5 groups vis-a-vis other diseases, being least in @entity2395 . Disruption of routine life was highest in @entity5 group caregivers followed by those in @entity306 group. CONCLUSIONS: Most caregivers reported moderate @entity308 and mild to moderate @entity148 . @entity306 caused more social and financial @entity12225 . Social and financial burden on families of remaining diseases was comparable.

title: Social, Psychological and Financial Burden on Caregivers of @entity1 with XXXX : A Cross-sectional Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12225 :: ('MESH:D028243', 'Disease') :: ['burden on family vis-a-vis thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressive or anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety Disorder']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'Cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic Illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore social, psychological and financial burden on caregivers of chronically diseased @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from ambulatory and hospital areas in pediatrics department following informed consent. Parents who were caregivers of @entity1 18y or below in age with @entity102 were included. Socio-demographic details were collected using a semi structured questionnaire, adapted from Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS). The psychological well-being of caregivers was assessed using @entity1 Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized @entity148 (GAD-7). Descriptive analysis and ANOVA was done for comparing mean scores of responses to analyze financial, psychological and social burden across different diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 204 (89 females:115 males) participated. Only 27% were receiving some benefits from government or hospital side. No @entity308 were reported by 25% caregivers, while 37% reported mild and 38% moderate to severe @entity308 . No @entity148 were reported by 33%, while 50% reported mild and 17% moderate to severe @entity148 . No association was seen between gender of the caregiver and @entity308 . Significantly higher financial and social burden was seen in @entity306 and @entity5 groups vis-a-vis other diseases, being least in @entity2395 . Disruption of routine life was highest in @entity5 group caregivers followed by those in @entity306 group. CONCLUSIONS: Most caregivers reported moderate @entity308 and mild to moderate @entity148 . @entity306 caused more social and financial @entity12225 . Social and financial burden on families of remaining diseases was comparable.

title: Social, Psychological and Financial Burden on Caregivers of XXXX with @entity102 : A Cross-sectional Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: The recombination-activating genes (RAGs) encode for V(D)J recombinases responsible for rearrangements of antigen-receptor genes during T and B cell development, and RAG expression is known to correlate strictly with the process of rearrangement. There have been several studies of @entity12656 illustrating biochemical, physiological and immunological properties. Hitherto, there are limited studies on @entity12656 focusing molecular phylogenetic analyses, evolutionary traits, and genetic variants in @entity1 populations. Hence, there is a need of a comprehensive study on this topic. In the current report, we have shed light into insights of evolutionary traits and genetic variants of @entity1 @entity12656 gene using 1092 genomes from @entity1 populations. Syntenic analyses revealed that two RAG genes are physically linked and conserved on the same locus in head-to-head orientation from sea urchin to @entity1 for about 550 MY. Spliceosomal introns have been in invaded in fishes and sea urchin, whereas gene structures of @entity12656 gene from tetrapods remained single exon architecture. We compiled 751 genetic variants in @entity1 @entity12656 gene using 1092 @entity1 genomes; where major stockholders of variant classes are 79% single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 12.2% somatic single @entity4334 variants (somatic SNVs) and 6.8% deletion. Out of 267 missense variants, 140 are deleterious mutations. We identified 284 non-coding variants with 94% regulatory in nature.

title: Understanding V(D)J recombination initiator XXXX gene using molecular phylogenetic and genetic variant analyses and upgrading missense and non-coding variants of clinical importance.

answer: @entity12656 :: (5896,Gene) :: ['RAG1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The advantage of single-port total extra-peritoneal (TEP) @entity169 over the conventional technique is still debatable. Our objective was to compare the outcomes of TEP @entity169 using either a single-port or conventional surgical technique, in two blind randomized groups of @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial, 100 @entity1 undergoing surgery for unilateral @entity169 were randomized into two groups: One group underwent conventional laparoscopic TEP @entity169 , while the other was selected for single-port TEP repair. Primary endpoint is @entity282 (VAS), while secondary endpoints are recurrence, @entity1118 and complications. RESULTS: From 100 @entity1 , 49 underwent single-port @entity547 TEP repair, 50 had conventional three-port TEP @entity547 repair, and one @entity1 declined to participate after randomization. The two groups were comparable in terms of @entity1 demographics and operative findings. Mean operative time was 49.1(  13.8)  min in the conventional group and 54.1(  14.4)  min in the single-port group (p  =  0.08). Mean hospital stay was 19.7(  5.8)  h in the conventional group and 20.5(  6.4)  h in the single-port group (p  =  0.489). No major complications and no recurrence reported at 11-month follow-up. No statistically significant difference noted in @entity282 between the two groups at regular intervals. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes after laparoscopic TEP @entity169 with a single-port device are similar but not superior to the conventional technique.

title: Single-port versus conventional laparoscopic total extra-peritoneal XXXX : a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small intestine @entity63 can be seen in various conditions such as intestinal transplantation. To further understand the pathologic disruption in @entity63 -reperfusion injury, we have developed a method to measure fluid changes in the intestinal lumen of  @entity35 . METHODS: Two 10-cm @entity35 intestine segments were procured, connected to the terminal apertures of a perfusion device, and continuously infused with 3  mL of @entity7482 solution (control solution) containing 50   M of @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-inulin. The perfusion device consists of concentric chambers that contain the perfused bowel segments, which are maintained at 37  C via @entity4358 bath. The individual chamber has four apertures as follows: two fill and/or drain the surrounding @entity7482 solution on the blood side of the tissue. The others provide flow of @entity7482 solution containing @entity2823 -inulin through the lumens. The experimental intestine was infused with the same solution with 100   M of @entity1928 . A pump continuously circulated solutions at 6  mL/min. Samples  were collected at 15-min intervals until 150  min and were measured by the nanoflourospectrometer. RESULTS: A mean of 6- M decrease in the @entity2823 -inulin concentration in the @entity1928 -treated experimental intestine was observed in comparison with that in the control intestine. The @entity2823 -inulin count dilution in the experimental intestine is a result of an increase of fluid secretion produced by the effect of @entity1928 , with P values <0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that it is possible to measure luminal fluid changes over time using our new modified perfusion system along with @entity2823 -inulin to allow real-time  determinations of fluid and/or electrolyte movement along the small intestine.

title: A new method to measure intestinal secretion using XXXX -inulin in small bowel of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['Forskolin']

answer: @entity2822 :: (CHEBI:37926,Chemical) :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small intestine @entity63 can be seen in various conditions such as intestinal transplantation. To further understand the pathologic disruption in @entity63 -reperfusion injury, we have developed a method to measure fluid changes in the intestinal lumen of  @entity35 . METHODS: Two 10-cm @entity35 intestine segments were procured, connected to the terminal apertures of a perfusion device, and continuously infused with 3  mL of @entity7482 solution (control solution) containing 50   M of @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-inulin. The perfusion device consists of concentric chambers that contain the perfused bowel segments, which are maintained at 37  C via @entity4358 bath. The individual chamber has four apertures as follows: two fill and/or drain the surrounding @entity7482 solution on the blood side of the tissue. The others provide flow of @entity7482 solution containing @entity2823 -inulin through the lumens. The experimental intestine was infused with the same solution with 100   M of @entity1928 . A pump continuously circulated solutions at 6  mL/min. Samples  were collected at 15-min intervals until 150  min and were measured by the nanoflourospectrometer. RESULTS: A mean of 6- M decrease in the @entity2823 -inulin concentration in the @entity1928 -treated experimental intestine was observed in comparison with that in the control intestine. The @entity2823 -inulin count dilution in the experimental intestine is a result of an increase of fluid secretion produced by the effect of @entity1928 , with P values <0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that it is possible to measure luminal fluid changes over time using our new modified perfusion system along with @entity2823 -inulin to allow real-time  determinations of fluid and/or electrolyte movement along the small intestine.

title: A new method to measure intestinal secretion using @entity2822 -inulin in small bowel of XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug @entity7586 is among the most severe @entity56 and in rare cases it may progress to @entity9058 . Herein, we report a case of @entity208 -induced @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms complicated by @entity9058 . CASE REPORT: An 18-year-old @entity1 presented with maculopapular @entity1910 associated with cervical lymphadenopahy appearing 3 weeks after treatment with @entity208 . Her hemodynamic status at admission was unstable. Cutaneous examination revealed an itchy maculopapular @entity1910 , which was purpuric at certain sites, together with @entity4 . The diagnosis of @entity56 was suggested and was confirmed by histological examination of a skin biopsy. @entity208 was stopped. Two weeks later, however, @entity1712 was noted. Further, four days after discontinuation of @entity208 , in view of the laboratory signs of bicytopenia, @entity2753 , @entity2298 and hyperferritinaemia, as well as the presence of hemophagocytosis in @entity236 , a diagnosis was made of @entity9058 complicating a @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms. Moreover, viral serology tests were negative. The @entity1 was given intravenous immunoglobulin and the outcome was good. DISCUSSION: The literature contains only very few reports of @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms complicated by @entity9058 . The incriminated drugs were @entity2176 , @entity2812 and @entity109 . To our knowledge, there has only been one report of @entity208 -induced @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms complicated by @entity9058 .

title: [ XXXX -induced DRESS complicated by @entity9058 ].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug reaction']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['lymphohistiocytosis hemophagocytic syndrome', 'hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial edema']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['drug hypersensitivity reactions', 'drug hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity7586 :: ('MESH:D063926', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['Allopurinol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug @entity7586 is among the most severe @entity56 and in rare cases it may progress to @entity9058 . Herein, we report a case of @entity208 -induced @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms complicated by @entity9058 . CASE REPORT: An 18-year-old @entity1 presented with maculopapular @entity1910 associated with cervical lymphadenopahy appearing 3 weeks after treatment with @entity208 . Her hemodynamic status at admission was unstable. Cutaneous examination revealed an itchy maculopapular @entity1910 , which was purpuric at certain sites, together with @entity4 . The diagnosis of @entity56 was suggested and was confirmed by histological examination of a skin biopsy. @entity208 was stopped. Two weeks later, however, @entity1712 was noted. Further, four days after discontinuation of @entity208 , in view of the laboratory signs of bicytopenia, @entity2753 , @entity2298 and hyperferritinaemia, as well as the presence of hemophagocytosis in @entity236 , a diagnosis was made of @entity9058 complicating a @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms. Moreover, viral serology tests were negative. The @entity1 was given intravenous immunoglobulin and the outcome was good. DISCUSSION: The literature contains only very few reports of @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms complicated by @entity9058 . The incriminated drugs were @entity2176 , @entity2812 and @entity109 . To our knowledge, there has only been one report of @entity208 -induced @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms complicated by @entity9058 .

title: [ @entity208 -induced DRESS complicated by XXXX ].

answer: @entity9058 :: (MESH:D051359,Disease) :: ['hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies reported a preserved ability to cycle in freezers, creating opportunities for restoring mobility and independence. However, use of a bicycle is not always feasible. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of a "walk-bicycle" in reducing freezing of gait ( @entity6556 ). METHODS: Eighteen @entity304 @entity1 with @entity6556 performed the following tasks, each four times, with and without the walk-bicycle: (1) normal walking; (2) walking with small steps, at normal speed; (3) walking with small steps, as rapidly as possible. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 showed @entity6556 during walking without the walk-bicycle. In those @entity1 , the walk-bicycle afforded a 12% reduction of time frozen (p = 0.026). In 11 @entity1 no @entity6556 was observed during walking without the walk-bicycle. Two of them showed @entity6556 when using the walk-bicycle. CONCLUSIONS: The walk-bicycle may help to reduce @entity6556 in some @entity1 , but not in all. Future studies need to evaluate its usefulness in a home environment.

title: The walk-bicycle: A new assistive device for Parkinson's XXXX with freezing of gait?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: Only limited comparative data exist on the benefits of fluid monitoring (FM) combined with remote monitoring (RM) regarding morbidity and mortality of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 . This prospective single-centre randomized pilot study aimed to estimate the influence of RM in combination with FM on @entity712 hospitalizations as well as @entity1165 and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with standard indication for @entity737 ( @entity737 ) or cardiac resynchronization therapy and defibrillator were implanted with devices capable of RM and FM, and were followed for 15 months. Subjects were randomly allocated to RM including OptiVol and predefined management of alerts (remote group), or standard in-office visits every 3 months (control group). A total of 176 @entity1 (77% male; 66    12 years; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 32    11%; @entity296 50%; CRT device 50%; primary prevention 85%) were analysed. Cox proportional hazard analysis on the time to first @entity712 -related hospitalization showed a hazard ratio of 1.23 [0.62-2.44] (P = 0.551) favouring the control group. In the remote group, 13 @entity1 (15%) experienced @entity1457 vs. 10 @entity1 (11%) in the control group (P = 0.512). The average time to first @entity737 shock was 212    173 days in the remote arm and 212    143 days in the control arm (P = 0.994). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of mortality after 1 year was 8.6% (eight deaths) in the remote group vs. 4.6% in the control group (six deaths; P = 0.502). CONCLUSION: In a single-centre randomized pilot study of RM in combination with FM, no significant influence on @entity712 -related hospitalizations, @entity1457 , or mortality was found.

title: A randomized study of remote monitoring and fluid monitoring for the management of XXXX with implanted cardiac arrhythmia devices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['ICD shocks']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Long term swallowing dysfunction in @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) treated with concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) is declining. While the use of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is commonly believed to be a potential cause, we hypothesize that the increasing incidence of @entity1082 ) related disease may also favorably impact this outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 130 HPV+ and 17 HPV- @entity1 with stage III-IV @entity957 treated exclusively with conventional 3-field radiotherapy with chemotherapy between 2002 and 2010. The rates of normal diet, limited diet (significant restrictions in the types of foods eaten, and/or requiring nutritional supplementation for weight maintenance) and @entity734 ( @entity734 ) were compared between HPV+ and HPV- @entity1 . Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to perform univariate analysis (UVA) to examine predictors of a combined endpoint of dietary limitation, which included limited diet and/or @entity734 . These outcomes were also compared to our previously reported cohort of @entity957 @entity1 treated between 1989 and 2002 to assess changes in @entity137 over time given the changing disease epidemiology, in the setting of identical treatment regimens. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 55months, HPV+ @entity1 more frequently had resumed a normal diet (87% vs. 65%) at last follow up and had lower rates of limited diet (9% vs. 18%) and @entity734 (4% vs. 18%) compared to HPV- @entity1 (p=0.02). HPV status was the only significant predictor of reduced swallowing dysfunction on UVA (HR 0.19; p=0.008). When compared to our 1989-2002 cohort, @entity1 treated between 2002 and 2010 had less @entity734 (7.5% vs. 34%, p<0.001) and dietary limitations (26% vs.46%, p<0.001) at 6months post treatment. CONCLUSIONS: HPV+ @entity1 with @entity957 have reduced late swallowing dysfunction after chemoradiation compared to HPV- @entity1 . The changing epidemiology of @entity957 may play a role in @entity137 reduction in these @entity1 , independent of the increasing use of IMRT.

title: It is not just IMRT: @entity1082 related XXXX is associated with better swallowing outcomes after definitive chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OPSCC', 'oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'feeding tube dependence']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Long term swallowing dysfunction in @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) treated with concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) is declining. While the use of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is commonly believed to be a potential cause, we hypothesize that the increasing incidence of @entity1082 ) related disease may also favorably impact this outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 130 HPV+ and 17 HPV- @entity1 with stage III-IV @entity957 treated exclusively with conventional 3-field radiotherapy with chemotherapy between 2002 and 2010. The rates of normal diet, limited diet (significant restrictions in the types of foods eaten, and/or requiring nutritional supplementation for weight maintenance) and @entity734 ( @entity734 ) were compared between HPV+ and HPV- @entity1 . Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to perform univariate analysis (UVA) to examine predictors of a combined endpoint of dietary limitation, which included limited diet and/or @entity734 . These outcomes were also compared to our previously reported cohort of @entity957 @entity1 treated between 1989 and 2002 to assess changes in @entity137 over time given the changing disease epidemiology, in the setting of identical treatment regimens. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 55months, HPV+ @entity1 more frequently had resumed a normal diet (87% vs. 65%) at last follow up and had lower rates of limited diet (9% vs. 18%) and @entity734 (4% vs. 18%) compared to HPV- @entity1 (p=0.02). HPV status was the only significant predictor of reduced swallowing dysfunction on UVA (HR 0.19; p=0.008). When compared to our 1989-2002 cohort, @entity1 treated between 2002 and 2010 had less @entity734 (7.5% vs. 34%, p<0.001) and dietary limitations (26% vs.46%, p<0.001) at 6months post treatment. CONCLUSIONS: HPV+ @entity1 with @entity957 have reduced late swallowing dysfunction after chemoradiation compared to HPV- @entity1 . The changing epidemiology of @entity957 may play a role in @entity137 reduction in these @entity1 , independent of the increasing use of IMRT.

title: It is not just IMRT: XXXX related @entity957 is associated with better swallowing outcomes after definitive chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study describes the incidence and outcomes of European @entity1 requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) for @entity177 due to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated @entity1333 (AAV). STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING _ @entity1 : 12 renal registries providing individual RRT @entity1 data to the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry in 1993-2012 participated. PREDICTOR: Cause of primary @entity8 : AAV (ie, @entity2883 with @entity2883 [Wegener] and microscopic @entity2883 ) versus 3 separate matched control groups without @entity21481 ) primary @entity631 , (2) @entity6 , and (3) disease other than @entity6 as the cause of primary @entity8 , including @entity631 (termed "nondiabetes"). OUTCOMES: Incidence, causes of @entity204 , and survival. MEASUREMENTS: ERA-EDTA primary @entity8 codes. RESULTS: 2,511 @entity1 with @entity21481 ,755, @entity2883 with @entity2883 ; 756, microscopic @entity2883 ) were identified, representing an incidence of 1.05 per million population (pmp) for @entity2883 with @entity2883 (predominating in Northern Europe) and 0.45 pmp for microscopic @entity2883 (prevailing in Southern Europe). Kidney transplantation was performed in 558 (22.2%) @entity1 with @entity1333 . The 10-year probability for survival on RRT after day 91 was 32.5% (95% CI, 29.9%-35.1%) in @entity1 with @entity1333 . Survival on RRT after day 91 did not differ between AAV and matched nondiabetes @entity1 . @entity1 and transplant survival after kidney transplantation, adjusted for time period and country, was better in AAV than in matched nondiabetes @entity1 (HRs of 0.81 [95% CI, 0.67-0.99] and 0.82 [95% CI, 0.69-0.96], respectively). LIMITATIONS: No data for extrarenal manifestations, treatment, and relapses. CONCLUSIONS: Geographical differences in the incidence of RRT for @entity177 due to @entity2883 with @entity2883 and microscopic @entity2883 copied their distribution in the general population. Overall survival on RRT after day 91 for @entity1 with AAV was similar to that for @entity1 with nondiabetes diagnoses. Our results suggest that @entity1 with AAV are suitable candidates for kidney transplantation with favorable survival outcomes.

title: Characteristics and Outcomes of @entity2883 With XXXX (Wegener) and Microscopic Polyangiitis Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy: Results From the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Polyangiitis']