abstract: The majority of @entity204 among @entity1 after renal transplantation is attributed to @entity65 ( @entity65 ). @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of the common carotid artery is related to @entity453 . One of the major causes of @entity204 due to @entity65 is @entity1187 , which is precipitated by @entity301 and subsequent @entity715 . The aim of the study was to evaluate associations between some fibrinolytic factors: antigens of @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ), plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ), and @entity557 ( @entity557 ), and @entity121 in a population of renal transplant recipients. The study was performed on 33 Caucasian, clinically stable kidney transplant recipients (11 @entity1 , mean age 43 years, range 26 to 62 years). All the @entity1 were on triple immunosuppressive regimen ( @entity205 , @entity229 , and @entity500 ) and had stable graft function (serum @entity1011 1.7 +/- 0.7 mg/dL). The mean time since transplantation was 49.9 months (range 4.1 to 131.8 months). In univariate analysis @entity121 correlated significantly with age (r =.5; P =.001), pulse pressure (PP) (r =.4; P =.05), time on dialysis prior to transplantation (r =.6; P =.001), @entity2002 (r =.4; P =.02), and @entity3479 (r =.6; P =.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that @entity3479 antigen concentration (P =.001), @entity2002 (P <.05), and time on dialysis prior to transplantation (P <.05) were positive independent predictors of @entity121 . These data support the concept of the coincidence of disturbances in fibrinolysis and arterial remodelling in @entity1 after kidney transplantation. On the other hand the study shows that the duration of dialysis therapy before transplantation is detrimental to the arterial vasculature.

title: Plasma @entity3479 , XXXX , and time on dialysis prior to transplantation are related to carotid intima media thickness in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: The present paper combines the estimates of efficacy and side effects of 10 mg @entity3927 for emergency contraception obtained from randomized trials. A total of 6083 @entity1 participating in 12 randomized trials and receiving 10 mg @entity3927 for emergency contraception up to 120 h after intercourse, were analyzed for efficacy. Between 4188 and 5833 @entity1 were analyzed for side effects and 3601 for delay of menses of more than 7 days. Prevented fractions, the effect of delay and of further acts of intercourse after treatment administration were analyzed in 3440 @entity1 , using individual data. The combined pregnancy rate from all the 12 trials was 1.7% [101/6083, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-2.2]. From the three trials providing individual data, the combined pregnancy rate was 1.3% (45/3440, 95% CI: 0.9-1.7) and the estimate of pregnancies prevented was 83.4% (95% CI: 77.4-87.8). There was a sharp decline in efficacy when treatment was administered during the 5th day after intercourse compared to administration during the 1st day, the odds of pregnancy increasing by a factor of 5.3 (95% CI: 1.9-14.9). The relative risk of pregnancy was about 28 times higher among @entity1 with unprotected acts of coitus between treatment administration and the onset of next menses, compared with @entity1 reporting none [odds ratio (OR) = 27.6, 95% CI: 12.7-60.2]. The increase in risk for @entity1 reporting protected acts of intercourse during this interval was not statistically significant (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 0.9-3.8). There was a large heterogeneity among trials in all side effects and delay of menses of more than 7 days (all had p < 0.0001 for the test of homogeneity). The percentage of @entity1 with @entity390 ranged from 0.0-19.4% (highest upper 95% confidence limit: 23.0%), that of vomiting from 0.0-4.3% (highest upper 95% confidence limit: 6.1%), that of lower @entity490 from 4.3-19.1% (highest upper 95% confidence limit: 22.7%). The percentage of @entity1 with delay of menses of more than 7 days ranged from 4.3-25.8% (highest upper 95% confidence limit: 34.1%). We conclude that 10 mg @entity3927 is an effective emergency contraception regimen, with an acceptable side-effects profile. Postponing treatment until the 5th day seriously decreases efficacy. The risk of pregnancy is dramatically increased among @entity1 having unprotected acts of intercourse between treatment administration and the onset of next menses. This risk may be enhanced for @entity1 whose ovulation is postponed by treatment.

title: Combined estimates of effectiveness of XXXX 10 mg in emergency contraception.

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['mifepristone']


abstract: @entity1 @entity63416 ( @entity63416 ) is a recently discovered member of the tissue kallikrein family of secreted @entity563 proteases, which includes @entity16914 / @entity1486 , the @entity5 biomarker to date. Given that @entity63416 is hormonally regulated, differentially expressed in endocrine-related @entity5 , and a prognostic marker for @entity5344 at the mRNA level, we hypothesize that its encoded protein, @entity6881 , like @entity16914 / @entity1486 , may constitute a new biomarker for endocrine-related @entity5 . The objective of this study was to generate immunological reagents for @entity6881 , to develop an ELISA and immunohistochemical techniques to study its expression in normal and cancerous tissues and biological fluids. Recombinant @entity6881 was produced in @entity10056 , purified by affinity chromatography, and injected into @entity19 and rabbits for polyclonal antibody generation. Using the @entity19 and rabbit antisera, a sandwich-type immunofluorometric ELISA and immunohistochemical methodologies were developed for @entity6881 . The ELISA was sensitive (detection limit of 0.1 micro g/liter), specific for @entity6881 , linear from 0 to 20 micro g/liter with between-run and within-run coefficients of variation of <10%. @entity6881 was quantified in @entity1 tissue extracts and biological fluids. Highest levels were observed in the breast, skin, prostate, seminal plasma, and amniotic fluid, with almost undetectable levels in normal serum. @entity6881 concentration was higher in 40% of @entity43 tissues compared with normal ovarian tissues. Serum @entity6881 levels were elevated in a proportion of @entity1 with ovarian (65%) and breast (40%) @entity5 . Immunohistochemical analyses indicated strong cytoplasmic staining of @entity6881 by the epithelial cells of normal and malignant skin, ovary, breast, and testis. In conclusion, we report the first ELISA and immunohistochemical assays for @entity6881 and describe its distribution in tissues and biological fluids. Our preliminary data indicate that @entity6881 is a potential biomarker for @entity5344 .

title: @entity1 kallikrein 14: a new potential biomarker for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer', 'breast and ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'best cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['ovarian and breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1 @entity63416 ( @entity63416 ) is a recently discovered member of the tissue kallikrein family of secreted @entity563 proteases, which includes @entity16914 / @entity1486 , the @entity5 biomarker to date. Given that @entity63416 is hormonally regulated, differentially expressed in endocrine-related @entity5 , and a prognostic marker for @entity5344 at the mRNA level, we hypothesize that its encoded protein, @entity6881 , like @entity16914 / @entity1486 , may constitute a new biomarker for endocrine-related @entity5 . The objective of this study was to generate immunological reagents for @entity6881 , to develop an ELISA and immunohistochemical techniques to study its expression in normal and cancerous tissues and biological fluids. Recombinant @entity6881 was produced in @entity10056 , purified by affinity chromatography, and injected into @entity19 and rabbits for polyclonal antibody generation. Using the @entity19 and rabbit antisera, a sandwich-type immunofluorometric ELISA and immunohistochemical methodologies were developed for @entity6881 . The ELISA was sensitive (detection limit of 0.1 micro g/liter), specific for @entity6881 , linear from 0 to 20 micro g/liter with between-run and within-run coefficients of variation of <10%. @entity6881 was quantified in @entity1 tissue extracts and biological fluids. Highest levels were observed in the breast, skin, prostate, seminal plasma, and amniotic fluid, with almost undetectable levels in normal serum. @entity6881 concentration was higher in 40% of @entity43 tissues compared with normal ovarian tissues. Serum @entity6881 levels were elevated in a proportion of @entity1 with ovarian (65%) and breast (40%) @entity5 . Immunohistochemical analyses indicated strong cytoplasmic staining of @entity6881 by the epithelial cells of normal and malignant skin, ovary, breast, and testis. In conclusion, we report the first ELISA and immunohistochemical assays for @entity6881 and describe its distribution in tissues and biological fluids. Our preliminary data indicate that @entity6881 is a potential biomarker for @entity5344 .

title: XXXX kallikrein 14: a new potential biomarker for @entity5344 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effect of digital rectal examination findings, sextant biopsy results, and @entity1486 levels on reader accuracy in the localization of @entity263 with endorectal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 37 @entity1 (mean age, 57 years) with biopsy-proved @entity263 . Transverse T1-weighted, transverse high-spatial-resolution, and coronal T2-weighted MR images and MR spectroscopic images were obtained. Two independent readers, unaware of clinical data, recorded the size and location of suspicious peripheral zone @entity5 nodules on a standardized diagram of the prostate. Readers also recorded their degree of diagnostic confidence for each nodule on a five-point scale. Both readers repeated this interpretation with knowledge of rectal examination findings, sextant biopsy results, and @entity1486 level. Step-section histopathologic findings were the reference standard. Logistic regression analysis with generalized estimating equations was used to correlate @entity5 detection with clinical data, and alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic (AFROC) curve analysis was used to examine the overall effect of clinical data on all positive results. RESULTS: Fifty-one peripheral zone @entity5 nodules were identified at histopathologic evaluation. Logistic regression analysis showed awareness of clinical data significantly improved @entity5 detection rate (P <.02) from 15 to 19 nodules for reader 1 and from 13 to 19 nodules for reader 2 (27%-37% overall) by using both size and location criteria. AFROC analysis showed no significant change in overall reader performance because there was an associated increase in the number of false-positive findings with awareness of clinical data, from 11 to 21 for reader 1 and from 16 to 25 for reader 2. CONCLUSION: Awareness of clinical data significantly improves reader detection of @entity263 nodules with endorectal MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging, but there is no overall change in reader accuracy, because of an associated increase in false-positive findings. A stricter definition of a true-positive result is associated with reduced sensitivity for @entity263 nodule detection.

title: XXXX localization with endorectal MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging: effect of clinical data on reader accuracy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung auscultation and bedside chest radiography are routinely used to assess the respiratory condition of ventilated @entity1 with @entity649 ( @entity649 ). Clinical experience suggests that the diagnostic accuracy of these procedures is poor. METHODS: This prospective study of 32 @entity1 with @entity649 and 10 healthy volunteers was performed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of auscultation, bedside chest radiography, and lung ultrasonography with that of thoracic computed tomography. Three pathologic entities were evaluated in 384 lung regions (12 per @entity1 ): @entity1143 , and @entity1986 . RESULTS: Auscultation had a diagnostic accuracy of 61% for @entity1143 , 36% for @entity133 , and 55% for @entity1986 . Bedside chest radiography had a diagnostic accuracy of 47% for @entity1143 , 75% for @entity133 , and 72% for @entity1986 . Lung ultrasonography had a diagnostic accuracy of 93% for @entity1143 , 97% for @entity133 , and 95% for @entity1986 . Lung ultrasonography, in contrast to auscultation and chest radiography, could quantify the extent of @entity651 . Interobserver agreement for the ultrasound findings as assessed by the kappa statistic was satisfactory: 0.74, 0.77, and 0.73 for detection of @entity1986 , @entity133 , and @entity1143 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: At the bedside, lung ultrasonography is highly sensitive, specific, and reproducible for diagnosing the main lung pathologic entities in @entity1 with @entity649 and can be considered an attractive alternative to bedside chest radiography and thoracic computed tomography.

title: Comparative diagnostic performances of auscultation, chest radiography, and lung ultrasonography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion, alveolar consolidation', 'pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar consolidation']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar-interstitial syndrome']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: There is evidence that 8q amplification is associated with poor prognosis in @entity4177 . A previous comparative genomic hybridization analysis identified a critical region in chromosomal bands 8q11.2-q13. Using restriction landmark genomic scanning in combination with a virtual genome scan, we showed that this region is delineated by sequences within contig NT_008183 of chromosomal subbands 8q11.22-q11.23. A real-time PCR-based genomic copy number assay of 20 @entity4177 revealed @entity1017 in this critical chromosomal region in eight @entity5 . The expression of four genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) within this newly defined region was assayed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in four @entity5 with and six @entity5 without @entity1017 . The @entity44810 oncogene was found to be highly expressed in all but one @entity5 compared to normal liver tissue. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the expression level of the developmentally regulated transcription factor @entity44810 was 3-12 times greater in @entity5 and cell lines compared to age-matched normal liver and comparable to the expression in fetal liver tissue. @entity44810 has been shown be a transcriptional activator of @entity5100 in other @entity5 types. Using luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that @entity44810 transactivates transcription from the embryonic @entity5100 promoter P3, also in @entity4177 cell lines. Thus, our results provide evidence that @entity44810 overexpression may be responsible for the frequently observed up-regulation of @entity5100 in @entity4177 and therefore may be implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of this childhood @entity5 .

title: Amplification and overexpression of the XXXX regulator @entity44810 in @entity4177 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hepatoblastoma tumors', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['gain or amplification']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoblastomas', 'hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity5100 :: (3481,Gene) :: ['IGF2']


abstract: There is evidence that 8q amplification is associated with poor prognosis in @entity4177 . A previous comparative genomic hybridization analysis identified a critical region in chromosomal bands 8q11.2-q13. Using restriction landmark genomic scanning in combination with a virtual genome scan, we showed that this region is delineated by sequences within contig NT_008183 of chromosomal subbands 8q11.22-q11.23. A real-time PCR-based genomic copy number assay of 20 @entity4177 revealed @entity1017 in this critical chromosomal region in eight @entity5 . The expression of four genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) within this newly defined region was assayed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in four @entity5 with and six @entity5 without @entity1017 . The @entity44810 oncogene was found to be highly expressed in all but one @entity5 compared to normal liver tissue. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the expression level of the developmentally regulated transcription factor @entity44810 was 3-12 times greater in @entity5 and cell lines compared to age-matched normal liver and comparable to the expression in fetal liver tissue. @entity44810 has been shown be a transcriptional activator of @entity5100 in other @entity5 types. Using luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that @entity44810 transactivates transcription from the embryonic @entity5100 promoter P3, also in @entity4177 cell lines. Thus, our results provide evidence that @entity44810 overexpression may be responsible for the frequently observed up-regulation of @entity5100 in @entity4177 and therefore may be implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of this childhood @entity5 .

title: Amplification and overexpression of the @entity5100 regulator @entity44810 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['hepatoblastoma']


abstract: There is evidence that 8q amplification is associated with poor prognosis in @entity4177 . A previous comparative genomic hybridization analysis identified a critical region in chromosomal bands 8q11.2-q13. Using restriction landmark genomic scanning in combination with a virtual genome scan, we showed that this region is delineated by sequences within contig NT_008183 of chromosomal subbands 8q11.22-q11.23. A real-time PCR-based genomic copy number assay of 20 @entity4177 revealed @entity1017 in this critical chromosomal region in eight @entity5 . The expression of four genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) within this newly defined region was assayed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in four @entity5 with and six @entity5 without @entity1017 . The @entity44810 oncogene was found to be highly expressed in all but one @entity5 compared to normal liver tissue. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the expression level of the developmentally regulated transcription factor @entity44810 was 3-12 times greater in @entity5 and cell lines compared to age-matched normal liver and comparable to the expression in fetal liver tissue. @entity44810 has been shown be a transcriptional activator of @entity5100 in other @entity5 types. Using luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that @entity44810 transactivates transcription from the embryonic @entity5100 promoter P3, also in @entity4177 cell lines. Thus, our results provide evidence that @entity44810 overexpression may be responsible for the frequently observed up-regulation of @entity5100 in @entity4177 and therefore may be implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of this childhood @entity5 .

title: Amplification and overexpression of the @entity5100 regulator XXXX in @entity4177 .

answer: @entity44810 :: (5324,Gene) :: ['PLAG1']


abstract: Compared to the femoral approach, the use of radial arterial access has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of access site @entity548 complications in staged procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes comparing radial and femoral approaches in the treatment of @entity583 with primary angioplasty and the @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor abciximab. Between 15 September 1999 and 15 September 2002, we prospectively enrolled 119 consecutive @entity1 undergoing primary angioplasty with abciximab comparing radial (n = 64) and femoral (n = 55) access. In this nonrandomized study, freedom from major @entity299 at 1-month follow-up occurred in 62 (97%) and 52 (94.5%) @entity1 in the radial and the femoral groups, respectively (P = 0.19). There were no major access site @entity548 complications in the radial group, as opposed to three (5.5%) in the femoral group (P = 0.03), all requiring transfusions, with surgical repair necessary in two. Uncomplicated clinical course occurred in 62 (97%) of @entity1 in the radial group and 49 (89%) in the femoral group (P = 0.04). Total hospital length of stay was significantly higher in the femoral group (5.9 +/- 2.1 vs. 4.5 +/- 1.2 days; P = 0.05). Cannulation time (from @entity1 arrival at the catheterization laboratory to the effective placement of @entity432 ) and procedural time were not significantly different in the radial and the femoral group (respectively 8.5 +/- 5.2 vs. 9.0 +/- 5.8 min, P = 0.81, and 42 +/- 28 vs. 44 +/- 27 min, P = 0.74). Nevertheless, time of radiation (23.1 +/- 11 vs. 16.5 +/- 10.9 min; P = 0.01) and dose-area product (28,616 +/- 16,571 vs. 18,819 +/- 10,739 R. cm2; P = 0.01) were significantly higher in the radial group. In @entity1 with @entity583 treated with primary angioplasty and abciximab, the transradial access is efficacious with fewer major access site complications than transfemoral access. Transradial approach produces a shorter length of stay, as compared to the transfemoral approach, although with longer times of radiation and higher dose-area product.

title: Comparison of transradial vs. transfemoral approach in the treatment of XXXX with primary angioplasty and abciximab.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial sheath']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The significance of prognostic value of DNA ploidy patterns of @entity14 has not yet been fully understood. The present study was designed to determine the prognostic value of DNA ploidy patterns for @entity14 after resection. METHODOLOGY: We have prospectively collected @entity5 specimens from 420 @entity1 with @entity14 since 1996. The DNA ploidy patterns were determined with the use of DNA flow cytometry. The correlation of DNA ploidy pattern and various characteristics of @entity5 and the prognostic significance of DNA ploidy patterns were evaluated by univariate as well as Cox's proportional hazard model. The disease-free survival curves were calculated with Kaplan-Meier's analysis, and the survival difference was determined by log-rank test. RESULTS: DNA ploidy patterns were diploid in 115 (27.4%) and aneuploid in 305 @entity1 (72.6%). The pattern of DNA ploidy did not correlate with age, gender, location, differentiation, and stage of the @entity5 . In 146 @entity1 who were followed up for at least 2 years, the disease-free survival curves were similar between the diploid and aneuploid group. Multivariate analysis disclosed that @entity5 staging was associated with the survival of @entity1 but the DNA ploidy pattern had no prognostic significance. CONCLUSIONS: The DNA ploidy pattern was not a significant prognostic factor in short-term follow-up.

title: Prognostic value of DNA ploidy patterns of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The authors present the methods and results of treatment of @entity1 with @entity3181 . METHODOLOGY: From a group of 15 @entity1 with @entity3181 , treated in our department from January 1996 to September 2001, nine @entity1 (6 females and 3 males, aged from 23 to 45 years) were qualified for surgical or radiological treatment. In 3 of them the @entity3181 resulted from untreated @entity6582 . In the remaining 6 cases the etiology of @entity715 remained unknown. In four @entity1 with dominating portal @entity101 symptoms, a meso-caval H-type graft was created. Four @entity1 with severe @entity7752 were qualified for orthotopic liver transplantation; all of them were transplanted. In 1 @entity1 a balloon dilatation of the right and middle hepatic veins orifices was performed during the diagnostic cavography. The follow-up period ranged from 4 months to 5 years. RESULTS: In 2 @entity1 with @entity3181 of unknown etiology, the "H"-shunt remained patent, and the @entity1 were free of @entity843 and @entity381 . During the period of follow-up (more than 5 years) they remained free of symptoms and demonstrated acceptable liver function parameters. Doppler sonography revealed the partial recanalization of the venous system. In 2 polycythemic @entity1 , the shunt thrombosed, which was the indication for orthotopic liver transplantation in one of them. The transplantation was performed, but was unsuccessful because of hepatic graft artery @entity715 . The retransplantation in this case was also unsuccessful. The remaining 3 @entity1 transplanted for cryptogenic @entity3181 are alive and well, 4, 5 and 11 months after orthotopic liver transplantation. In the @entity1 subjected to interventional radiological hepatic veins dilation, the vessels remain patent 26 months post-procedure. The @entity1 is free from @entity843 . CONCLUSIONS: Shunt surgery and liver transplantation are the valuable methods of treatment in selected cases of @entity3181 . In @entity1 with @entity6582 , however, @entity715 may occur in spite of anticoagulant and chemotherapeutic treatment. @entity384 may appear an alternative to surgical treatment, but it seems that its indications should be limited to a highly selected group of @entity1 .

title: Surgical and interventional radiological treatment of XXXX : report of nine cases.

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['liver insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'hepatic vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the availability of cellular markers associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair, predictive factors for pathological complete response (CR) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) are few in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 . This study evaluates the role of clinical and cellular markers in predicting CR and @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity418 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 were treated with infusional @entity900 and @entity1487 combined with daily radiotherapy followed by esophagectomy. @entity5 (n = 54) were analyzed for @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity589 , and @entity588 expression by immunohistochemistry and for @entity876 mutations by direct DNA sequencing of exons 5-8. Clinical covariates included @entity1 ' age at enrollment; gender; Barrett's metaplasia; and @entity5 location, histology, and differentiation. Logistic regression and survival analyses were used to evaluate the predictors. RESULTS: Age ranged from 32 to 75 years; most @entity1 were male (45 male; 9 female); and @entity5 were distal (47 distal; 7 mid), @entity420 (41 @entity420 ; 13 @entity957 ), and moderately differentiated (33 moderate; 6 well; 15 poor). Female gender predicted CR (odds ratio 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-41). The @entity1349 was 43% at 5 years. Presence of CR (P < 0.001 log rank) and @entity876 mutation (P = 0.051 log rank) correlated with increased @entity1349 , whereas increased @entity470 expression predicted poor @entity1349 (P = 0.009 log rank). @entity470 remained significant when adjusted for clinical covariates. There was a trend toward increased @entity1349 related to @entity5 differentiation and decreased @entity588 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity470 and @entity876 mutation may be used as both outcome predictors and targets for molecular therapy for @entity418 .

title: @entity470 , XXXX mutation, and pathological response predict survival in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'better tumor', 'Pretreatment tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGF-R']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the availability of cellular markers associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair, predictive factors for pathological complete response (CR) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) are few in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 . This study evaluates the role of clinical and cellular markers in predicting CR and @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity418 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 were treated with infusional @entity900 and @entity1487 combined with daily radiotherapy followed by esophagectomy. @entity5 (n = 54) were analyzed for @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity589 , and @entity588 expression by immunohistochemistry and for @entity876 mutations by direct DNA sequencing of exons 5-8. Clinical covariates included @entity1 ' age at enrollment; gender; Barrett's metaplasia; and @entity5 location, histology, and differentiation. Logistic regression and survival analyses were used to evaluate the predictors. RESULTS: Age ranged from 32 to 75 years; most @entity1 were male (45 male; 9 female); and @entity5 were distal (47 distal; 7 mid), @entity420 (41 @entity420 ; 13 @entity957 ), and moderately differentiated (33 moderate; 6 well; 15 poor). Female gender predicted CR (odds ratio 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-41). The @entity1349 was 43% at 5 years. Presence of CR (P < 0.001 log rank) and @entity876 mutation (P = 0.051 log rank) correlated with increased @entity1349 , whereas increased @entity470 expression predicted poor @entity1349 (P = 0.009 log rank). @entity470 remained significant when adjusted for clinical covariates. There was a trend toward increased @entity1349 related to @entity5 differentiation and decreased @entity588 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity470 and @entity876 mutation may be used as both outcome predictors and targets for molecular therapy for @entity418 .

title: @entity470 , @entity876 mutation, and pathological response predict survival in @entity1 with locally advanced XXXX treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the availability of cellular markers associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair, predictive factors for pathological complete response (CR) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) are few in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 . This study evaluates the role of clinical and cellular markers in predicting CR and @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity418 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 were treated with infusional @entity900 and @entity1487 combined with daily radiotherapy followed by esophagectomy. @entity5 (n = 54) were analyzed for @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity589 , and @entity588 expression by immunohistochemistry and for @entity876 mutations by direct DNA sequencing of exons 5-8. Clinical covariates included @entity1 ' age at enrollment; gender; Barrett's metaplasia; and @entity5 location, histology, and differentiation. Logistic regression and survival analyses were used to evaluate the predictors. RESULTS: Age ranged from 32 to 75 years; most @entity1 were male (45 male; 9 female); and @entity5 were distal (47 distal; 7 mid), @entity420 (41 @entity420 ; 13 @entity957 ), and moderately differentiated (33 moderate; 6 well; 15 poor). Female gender predicted CR (odds ratio 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-41). The @entity1349 was 43% at 5 years. Presence of CR (P < 0.001 log rank) and @entity876 mutation (P = 0.051 log rank) correlated with increased @entity1349 , whereas increased @entity470 expression predicted poor @entity1349 (P = 0.009 log rank). @entity470 remained significant when adjusted for clinical covariates. There was a trend toward increased @entity1349 related to @entity5 differentiation and decreased @entity588 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity470 and @entity876 mutation may be used as both outcome predictors and targets for molecular therapy for @entity418 .

title: XXXX , @entity876 mutation, and pathological response predict survival in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['Epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the availability of cellular markers associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair, predictive factors for pathological complete response (CR) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) are few in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 . This study evaluates the role of clinical and cellular markers in predicting CR and @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity418 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 were treated with infusional @entity900 and @entity1487 combined with daily radiotherapy followed by esophagectomy. @entity5 (n = 54) were analyzed for @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity589 , and @entity588 expression by immunohistochemistry and for @entity876 mutations by direct DNA sequencing of exons 5-8. Clinical covariates included @entity1 ' age at enrollment; gender; Barrett's metaplasia; and @entity5 location, histology, and differentiation. Logistic regression and survival analyses were used to evaluate the predictors. RESULTS: Age ranged from 32 to 75 years; most @entity1 were male (45 male; 9 female); and @entity5 were distal (47 distal; 7 mid), @entity420 (41 @entity420 ; 13 @entity957 ), and moderately differentiated (33 moderate; 6 well; 15 poor). Female gender predicted CR (odds ratio 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-41). The @entity1349 was 43% at 5 years. Presence of CR (P < 0.001 log rank) and @entity876 mutation (P = 0.051 log rank) correlated with increased @entity1349 , whereas increased @entity470 expression predicted poor @entity1349 (P = 0.009 log rank). @entity470 remained significant when adjusted for clinical covariates. There was a trend toward increased @entity1349 related to @entity5 differentiation and decreased @entity588 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity470 and @entity876 mutation may be used as both outcome predictors and targets for molecular therapy for @entity418 .

title: @entity470 , @entity876 mutation, and pathological response predict survival in XXXX with locally advanced @entity418 treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous cross-sectional studies have shown that @entity1 with radiographic features of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the hips and knees have higher adjusted levels of @entity79 ( @entity79 ). OBJECTIVE: Data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were examined to determine (1) whether @entity1 with radiographic features of @entity571 of the hands and knees had different rates of @entity604 than subjects with normal knee radiographs, and (2) whether @entity1 with normal knee radiographs who had higher adjusted levels of @entity79 were at greater risk of developing radiographic features of knee @entity571 . DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SUBJECTS: 298 Caucasian @entity1 and 139 Caucasian @entity1 aged 20 and above who had radiographs of the hands and knees read for features of @entity571 and two or more measurements of @entity79 at the forearm at least 4 years apart. 179 Caucasian @entity1 and 110 Caucasian @entity1 aged 20 and above who had longitudinal knee radiographs on average 10 years apart, a subgroup of whom had baseline measurement of lumbar spine and/or femoral neck @entity79 . RESULTS: @entity1 with radiographic @entity571 of the hand had a significantly greater adjusted rate of @entity604 at the radius than @entity1 with normal hand radiographs; no such differences were noted in @entity1 for hand @entity571 . There were no significant differences in adjusted rate of @entity604 at the radius in @entity1 or @entity1 by presence of radiographic knee @entity571 . Higher @entity79 at the lumbar spine but not at the femoral neck was associated with an increased risk of developing incident radiographic knee @entity571 after adjustment for age, gender, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that @entity1 with radiographic @entity571 lose bone at different rates than those with normal radiographs and that this relationship varies between the site of @entity571 and the site of measurement of @entity79 . In addition, they further support a role for higher bone mass in the development of radiographic knee @entity571 . Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between changes in bone mass and radiographic progression of @entity571 .

title: Bone mineral density and XXXX : data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity715 is one of the most frequent adverse events after cardiac catheterization, which can be reduced by anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UFH) in both @entity1 and adults. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) might possibly offer advantages. Laboratory signs of @entity556 generation during pediatric cardiac catheterization, with unfractionated heparin (UFH) bolus or subcutaneous LMWH for @entity715 prophylaxis, were determined in a first step to investigate the potential of LMWH for antithrombotic cover. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Signs of @entity556 generation (D-dimer and @entity6343 ), anti-Xa activity and activated clotting time (ACT) were measured in 65 @entity1 with @entity299 . A total of 40 @entity1 were treated with a UFH bolus of 100 IU/kg bodyweight and, in 25 @entity1 , @entity2120 was subcutaneously administered at a dosage of 1/1.6 mg/kg bodyweight. RESULTS: The dose to plasma activity of @entity2120 was more consistent than in the UFH group. Only a slight elevation of @entity6343 was found in some @entity1 , which was a little higher in the @entity2120 group, but no difference of incidence of increased @entity6343 generation was detected between the two groups. D-dimer was elevated in three @entity1 after UFH bolus application, but no such effect was observed in any @entity1 after LMWH administration. CONCLUSIONS: Application of LMWH was equally efficacious during pediatric cardiac catheterization than UFH bolus administration, as determined by plasma levels and markers of clotting activation. In contrast to UFH bolus, no further monitoring was necessary after the application of LMWH during cardiac catheterization due to a consistent dose to plasma activity.

title: Signs of XXXX generation in pediatric cardiac catheterization with unfractionated heparin bolus or subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin for antithrombotic cover.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The therapeutic plan to follow in @entity1 affected by hepatic and pulmonary metastases from @entity14 is based on prognostic factors and staging. METHODOLOGY: Our experience from January 1980 to January 2002 underlines the effectiveness of combined multimodal therapy in the treatment of advanced metastatic stages. A total of 224 @entity1 with metastases from @entity14 have been treated. Among these @entity1 160 underwent surgery (4 pulmonary and 156 hepatic resections), 17 have been reoperated for metastatic relapse, 14 with multiple metastases underwent locoregional therapy, while 33, deemed not resectable initially, have been treated with neoadjuvant chemo- and radio-therapy. RESULTS: For the operated @entity1 group the 5-year actuarial survival was 22% with an operative morbidity of 17.5% and mortality of 3.8%. The 17 @entity1 reoperated for metastatic relapse had a 5-year actuarial survival of 21% with an operative morbidity of 11.6% and mortality of 5.8%. The 14 @entity1 treated with locoregional therapy had a median survival of 6 months whereas the 33 @entity1 treated with combined multimodal treatment in two different periods had a response rate of 57.57%. Five @entity1 had a complete response and 4 are presently alive: 3 are disease free and 1 with disease. 1 died of pulmonary primitive @entity5 24 months later. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection is presently the best known treatment for @entity3 . In advanced, but not yet disseminated, stages in which there is no indication to surgery on metastases (II-III stages according to Gennari's classification), a neoadjuvant treatment is proposed, if the @entity5 has already been completely resected. This therapeutic strategy, called combined multimodal therapy, has the aim to obtain the disease regression and to offer the chance of disease re-staging.

title: XXXX metastases: surgical indications and multimodal approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity548 after pancreatoduodenectomy is a severe, life-threatening complication. This study was conducted to determine the guidelines appropriate for the prevention and management of @entity548 . METHODOLOGY: We reviewed the medical records of 456 @entity1 who had undergone pancreatoduodenectomy at our hospital between 1991 and 2000. RESULTS: Significant @entity86 occurred in 21 @entity1 (4.6%). Early @entity548 (within the 5th postoperative day) caused by improper intraoperative hemostasis occurred in 5 of these cases; 3 of whom were saved by prompt operation and one by conservative management. The other 16 cases consisted of late @entity548 (after the 5th postoperative day), of which 12 @entity1 (75%) experienced pancreatic leaks and 8 @entity2849 of major arteries. "Sentinel @entity548 " was evident in 8 cases. Angiographic embolization was performed in 8 cases, 7 of which were successful. Reoperation was tried in 7 cases with complete hemostasis being achieved in 2. As a result, 15 of 21 @entity1 obtained complete hemostasis and the mortality rate from @entity548 was 28.6% (6/21). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid decision-making is mandatory when @entity548 stigmata such as @entity2849 on CT and sentinel @entity548 are noted. Prompt operation for early @entity548 and angiographic embolization for late @entity548 are recommended. In order to prevent @entity548 after pancreatoduodenectomy, meticulously performed hemostasis and the avoidance of pancreatic @entity834 are essential.

title: Management of XXXX after pancreatoduodenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']


abstract: Preservation of the spleen at distal pancreatectomy has recently attracted considerable attention. Since our first trial and success with spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein for @entity5 of the @entity1689 , this procedure has been performed more frequently. Three @entity1 with @entity5 underwent spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein. In this procedure, the splenic vein is identified behind the @entity788 and the connective tissue membrane is cut longitudinally above the splenic vein. An important point is to remove the splenic vein from the @entity788 from the body of the @entity788 toward the spleen. In one @entity1 with @entity5 in the body of the @entity788 who had undergone distal gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer 32 years previously, residual proximal gastrectomy could be avoided with this procedure. In this case, the histological diagnosis was a pseudocyst, and @entity5115 was found in other pancreatic ductuli. In another case, epithelia were borderline between @entity1373 and @entity652 . In both of these cases, the histological diagnosis was different from the preoperative diagnosis. Even with advances in imaging techniques, diagnosis of a @entity5409 of the @entity788 is still very difficult. Ordinary distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy would have been oversurgery in these two cases, which could be avoided using our procedure. Severe complications were not found in any of the three cases and the postoperative course was uneventful. The @entity1 have been followed as outpatients without any recurrence. Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein is easy and safe, and should be performed for some @entity1 with @entity5 of the @entity788 .

title: Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with preservation of the splenic artery and vein for @entity5 ( XXXX ): three interesting cases.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor', 'intraductal papillary mucinous tumor']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas and chronic pancreatitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['IPMT']


abstract: Preservation of the spleen at distal pancreatectomy has recently attracted considerable attention. Since our first trial and success with spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein for @entity5 of the @entity1689 , this procedure has been performed more frequently. Three @entity1 with @entity5 underwent spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein. In this procedure, the splenic vein is identified behind the @entity788 and the connective tissue membrane is cut longitudinally above the splenic vein. An important point is to remove the splenic vein from the @entity788 from the body of the @entity788 toward the spleen. In one @entity1 with @entity5 in the body of the @entity788 who had undergone distal gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer 32 years previously, residual proximal gastrectomy could be avoided with this procedure. In this case, the histological diagnosis was a pseudocyst, and @entity5115 was found in other pancreatic ductuli. In another case, epithelia were borderline between @entity1373 and @entity652 . In both of these cases, the histological diagnosis was different from the preoperative diagnosis. Even with advances in imaging techniques, diagnosis of a @entity5409 of the @entity788 is still very difficult. Ordinary distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy would have been oversurgery in these two cases, which could be avoided using our procedure. Severe complications were not found in any of the three cases and the postoperative course was uneventful. The @entity1 have been followed as outpatients without any recurrence. Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein is easy and safe, and should be performed for some @entity1 with @entity5 of the @entity788 .

title: Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with preservation of the splenic artery and vein for XXXX ( @entity5 ): three interesting cases.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor']


abstract: It has been reported that Nigella sativa oil possesses hepatoprotective effects in some models of @entity99 . However, it is N. sativa seeds that are used in the treatment of liver ailments in folk medicine rather than its oil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the aqueous suspension of N. sativa on @entity4314 ( @entity12868 )-induced @entity409 . Aqueous suspension of the seeds was given orally at two dose levels (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) for five days. @entity12868 (250 microl/kg intraperitoneally / day in olive oil) was given to the experimental group on days 4 and 5, while the control group was only treated with the vehicles. Animals treated with @entity12868 showed remarkable centrilobular fatty changes and moderate inflammatory infiltrate in the form of neutrophil and mononuclear cells when compared to the controls. This effect was significantly decreased in animals pretreated with N. sativa. Histopathological or biochemical changes were not evident following administration of N. sativa alone. Serum levels of aspartic transaminase (AST), and @entity5098 aminotransferase (ALT) were slightly decreased while @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly increased in animals treated with @entity12868 when compared to the control group. LDH was restored to normal but ALT and AST levels were increased in animals pretreated with N. sativa. In conclusion, N. sativa seeds appeared to be safe and possibly protective against @entity12868 -induced hepatotoxicity. However, further studies may still be needed prior to supporting its use in folk medicine for @entity99 .

title: Protective effect of Nigella sativa seeds against XXXX -induced @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity5098 :: ('CHEBI:16977', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alanine']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic diseases', 'liver toxicity']

answer: @entity4314 :: (MESH:D002251,Chemical) :: ['carbon tetrachloride']


abstract: It has been reported that Nigella sativa oil possesses hepatoprotective effects in some models of @entity99 . However, it is N. sativa seeds that are used in the treatment of liver ailments in folk medicine rather than its oil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the aqueous suspension of N. sativa on @entity4314 ( @entity12868 )-induced @entity409 . Aqueous suspension of the seeds was given orally at two dose levels (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) for five days. @entity12868 (250 microl/kg intraperitoneally / day in olive oil) was given to the experimental group on days 4 and 5, while the control group was only treated with the vehicles. Animals treated with @entity12868 showed remarkable centrilobular fatty changes and moderate inflammatory infiltrate in the form of neutrophil and mononuclear cells when compared to the controls. This effect was significantly decreased in animals pretreated with N. sativa. Histopathological or biochemical changes were not evident following administration of N. sativa alone. Serum levels of aspartic transaminase (AST), and @entity5098 aminotransferase (ALT) were slightly decreased while @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly increased in animals treated with @entity12868 when compared to the control group. LDH was restored to normal but ALT and AST levels were increased in animals pretreated with N. sativa. In conclusion, N. sativa seeds appeared to be safe and possibly protective against @entity12868 -induced hepatotoxicity. However, further studies may still be needed prior to supporting its use in folk medicine for @entity99 .

title: Protective effect of Nigella sativa seeds against @entity4314 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver damage']


abstract: AIMS: Determination of genetic diversity among UK @entity6402 isolates from various environmental niches, principally woodland tree rhizospheres and onions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Genus determination was made using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and @entity15006 profiling. Genetic diversity was investigated by repetitive sequence genetic PCR fingerprinting. Several onion isolates were similar to clinical isolates but others were diverse. Some environmental isolates were possibly synonymous with @entity6402 and @entity9179 but most from woodland rhizospheres were distinct and clustered together. The 16S rRNA genes of representatives from these clusters were PCR amplified, sequenced and phylogenetically compared with all known @entity9179 and related species. This revealed that the rhizospheric isolates had closest affinity with @entity9179 spp. with known bioremediative and biocontrol capabilities and were unrelated to taxa comprising plant or @entity1 pathogenic strains. CONCLUSIONS: All of the analyses investigated revealed that environmental and onion isolates of @entity6402 complex bacteria are genetically diverse but that woodland rhizospheric isolates are related to each other and unrelated to plant or @entity1 pathogenic strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Woodland rhizospheric isolates of @entity6402 are potentially good candidates for use in bioremediation and biocontrol, as they appear distinct from plant or @entity1 pathogenic strains.

title: Diversity of XXXX isolates from woodland rhizosphere environments.

entities_list: @entity9179 :: ('28095', 'Species') :: ['B. gladioli', 'Burkholderia']

entities_list: @entity6402 :: ('292', 'Species') :: ['B. cepacia', 'Burkholderia cepacia']

entities_list: @entity15006 :: ('CHEBI:4986', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid methyl ester']

answer: @entity9179 :: (28095,Species) :: ['Burkholderia']


abstract: The salivary apyrases of blood-feeding arthropods are @entity377 -hydrolyzing enzymes implicated in the inhibition of host @entity1423 through the hydrolysis of extracellular @entity857 . A @entity1 cDNA homologous to the apyrase cDNA of the blood-feeding bed bug was identified, revealing an open reading frame encoding a 371-amino acid protein. A cleavable signal peptide generates a secreted protein of 333 residues with a predicted core molecular mass of 37,193 Da. Expression in COS-1 cells produced a secreted apyrase in the cell media. The ADPase and ATPase activities were dependent upon @entity460 , with a pH optimum between pH 6.2 and 7.2. Interestingly, the preferred substrate was not @entity857 , as might be expected for an enzyme modulating @entity1423 , but rather @entity858 , followed by @entity3006 , @entity856 , @entity3007 , @entity857 , and @entity855 . The nucleotidase did not hydrolyze @entity20559 . Size-exclusion chromatography and Western blot analysis revealed a molecular mass of approximately 34-37 kDa. Treatment of the enzyme with peptide N-glycosidase F indicated that the protein is glycosylated. Northern analysis identified the transcript in a range of @entity1 tissues, including testis, placenta, prostate, and lung. No traditional apyrase-conserved regions or @entity377 -binding domains were identified in this @entity1 enzyme, indicating membership in a new family of extracellular nucleotidases.

title: Cloning, expression, and characterization of a soluble XXXX -activated nucleotidase, a @entity1 enzyme belonging to a new family of extracellular nucleotidases.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity20559 :: ('CHEBI:17188', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside monophosphates']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The salivary apyrases of blood-feeding arthropods are @entity377 -hydrolyzing enzymes implicated in the inhibition of host @entity1423 through the hydrolysis of extracellular @entity857 . A @entity1 cDNA homologous to the apyrase cDNA of the blood-feeding bed bug was identified, revealing an open reading frame encoding a 371-amino acid protein. A cleavable signal peptide generates a secreted protein of 333 residues with a predicted core molecular mass of 37,193 Da. Expression in COS-1 cells produced a secreted apyrase in the cell media. The ADPase and ATPase activities were dependent upon @entity460 , with a pH optimum between pH 6.2 and 7.2. Interestingly, the preferred substrate was not @entity857 , as might be expected for an enzyme modulating @entity1423 , but rather @entity858 , followed by @entity3006 , @entity856 , @entity3007 , @entity857 , and @entity855 . The nucleotidase did not hydrolyze @entity20559 . Size-exclusion chromatography and Western blot analysis revealed a molecular mass of approximately 34-37 kDa. Treatment of the enzyme with peptide N-glycosidase F indicated that the protein is glycosylated. Northern analysis identified the transcript in a range of @entity1 tissues, including testis, placenta, prostate, and lung. No traditional apyrase-conserved regions or @entity377 -binding domains were identified in this @entity1 enzyme, indicating membership in a new family of extracellular nucleotidases.

title: Cloning, expression, and characterization of a soluble @entity460 -activated nucleotidase, a XXXX enzyme belonging to a new family of extracellular nucleotidases.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Despite technical difficulties due to mediastinal @entity82 , remediastinoscopy can be a valuable tool in the restaging of @entity1149 after neoadjuvant therapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility, sensitivity and accuracy of remediastinoscopy. From November 1994 to July 2001 we performed a remediastinoscopy in 27 @entity1 after neoadjuvant therapy. Their age ranged from 35 to 80 years (mean 61.9+/-11.9). In all 27 @entity1 it was possible to perform a remediastinoscopy without major technical difficulties and take biopsies of the lymph nodes that were initially invaded by @entity5 . Remediastinoscopy was positive in 11 @entity1 (40.7%) and negative in 16 (59.3%). In the 11 @entity1 with a positive remediastinoscopy a complete resection was not judged possible and therefore, an unnecessary thoracotomy was avoided. In four @entity1 , remediastinoscopy turned out to be false negative. So, in our series, sensitivity was 73%, specificity 100% and accuracy 85%. The positive and negative predictive values were 100 and 75%, respectively. Previous mediastinoscopy is no contra-indication for a repeat one after neoadjuvant therapy. Although sensitivity and accuracy are lower than that of a first mediastinoscopy, remediastinoscopy is useful to select @entity1 for surgical resection after induction therapy.

title: Remediastinoscopy after neoadjuvant therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Primary @entity5 of the small intestine are rare. Malignant @entity674 are the third most common @entity5 among primary @entity5 . A 56-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity1277 and @entity1353 with movement. On admission, physical examination revealed severe @entity417 in her conjunctiva and a @entity5 in her left abdomen. Her hemoglobin level was 6.2 g/dL and other laboratory data were normal. Abdominal ultrasonograms and computed tomograms revealed a 55 x 70-mm heterogeneous mass and multiple low-density masses in the liver. Superior mesenteric arteriograms revealed a hypervascular @entity5 fed by the jejunal arteries. A @entity674 arising from the jejunum with liver @entity3 was suspected. Partial resection of the affected jejunum and left trisegmentectomy of the liver were performed. The resected @entity5 was 120 x 45 x 65 mm. The @entity5 was mainly submucosal, but extended outside the jejunum; it was elastically firm and multiloculated. A small @entity1066 was seen on the mucosal side. The metastatic @entity96 were solid or cystic with diameters of 20 to 40 mm. Histopathological examination revealed that the @entity5 were characterized by fascicular proliferation of spindle-shaped cells. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for @entity2280 and @entity2467 , and negative for @entity4483 protein and smooth muscle actin. This case was a @entity674 originating in the jejunum with liver @entity3 . The @entity5 and liver @entity3 were successfully resected simultaneously.

title: @entity674 with liver XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignant small bowel tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Primary @entity5 of the small intestine are rare. Malignant @entity674 are the third most common @entity5 among primary @entity5 . A 56-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity1277 and @entity1353 with movement. On admission, physical examination revealed severe @entity417 in her conjunctiva and a @entity5 in her left abdomen. Her hemoglobin level was 6.2 g/dL and other laboratory data were normal. Abdominal ultrasonograms and computed tomograms revealed a 55 x 70-mm heterogeneous mass and multiple low-density masses in the liver. Superior mesenteric arteriograms revealed a hypervascular @entity5 fed by the jejunal arteries. A @entity674 arising from the jejunum with liver @entity3 was suspected. Partial resection of the affected jejunum and left trisegmentectomy of the liver were performed. The resected @entity5 was 120 x 45 x 65 mm. The @entity5 was mainly submucosal, but extended outside the jejunum; it was elastically firm and multiloculated. A small @entity1066 was seen on the mucosal side. The metastatic @entity96 were solid or cystic with diameters of 20 to 40 mm. Histopathological examination revealed that the @entity5 were characterized by fascicular proliferation of spindle-shaped cells. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for @entity2280 and @entity2467 , and negative for @entity4483 protein and smooth muscle actin. This case was a @entity674 originating in the jejunum with liver @entity3 . The @entity5 and liver @entity3 were successfully resected simultaneously.

title: XXXX with liver @entity3 .

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the jejunum']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to assess the clinical course of @entity2119 and to analyze the social problems that influence quality of life of affected @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred ten @entity1 with @entity2119 (106 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 ; mean age, 40.0 years) for whom complete data since onset of disease were available were included in this retrospective study (mean follow-up, 10.6 years). Data were obtained by means of direct interview, written reports, or telephone. Data for deceased subjects were gathered from their families via written report or telephone. Graft patency was evaluated by means of ankle pressure measurement; and in all @entity1 with decreased ankle pressure arteriography was performed. RESULTS: Seven of 110 study @entity1 (6%) died during follow-up. Cumulative survival rate was 84% up to 25 years after the initial consultation. Results of bypass operations (n = 46) were not satisfactory. Primary graft patency was 41% at 1 year after operation, 32% at 5 years, and 30% at 10 years. Secondary graft patency was 54% at 1 year of follow-up, 47% at 5 years, and 39% at 10 years. However, major amputation was necessary in only 5 of 35 limbs (14%) with failed grafts. Forty-seven @entity1 (43%) underwent 108 amputation procedures, either major amputation (13 @entity1 ) or minor amputation (34 @entity1 ), of an upper or lower limb. No @entity63 @entity1066 occurred or recurred in @entity1 older than 60 years. Forty-one @entity1 who stopped smoking did not undergo major amputation. Furthermore, of 69 @entity1 who continued smoking, 13 @entity1 (19%) underwent major amputation. There was a correlation between incidence of continued smoking and limb amputation (P =.0070). In addition, 11 of 13 @entity1 who underwent major lower limb amputation (85%) lost their job, compared with 9 of 97 @entity1 without major amputation (9%). There was an association between limb amputation and job loss (P <.0001). All @entity1 who lost their jobs were engaged in manual labor. CONCLUSION: The natural course of life and limb is favorable in many @entity1 with @entity2119 . Occurrence or recurrence of @entity39 usually is arrested in @entity1 older than 60 years. To avoid factors that markedly influence quality of life, early treatment and strict instruction to prohibit smoking are mandatory. Arterial reconstruction shortens the healing process of @entity63 @entity1066 , despite poor long-term results. However, bypass surgery to treat @entity613 should be limited.

title: Clinical and social consequences of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity2119 :: ('MESH:D013919', 'Disease') :: ['Buerger disease']

answer: @entity2119 :: (MESH:D013919,Disease) :: ['Buerger disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of these studies was to explore the possibility of using gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes as a functional fingerprint of @entity66 activity. METHODS: This feasibility study utilized IgA @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) as a model system. Genes differentially expressed in @entity6994 @entity1 were identified by Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays, and compared with gene expression of @entity628 ( @entity628 ), minimal change disease, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) @entity631 , and with healthy volunteers. Of the genes identified, 15 transcriptionally up-regulated were validated in a larger cohort of @entity1 using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To test whether increased expression of these genes correlated with disease activity, cluster analyses were performed utilizing the TaqMan PCR values. Taking a mathematical approach, we tested whether gene expression values were correlative with kidney function, as reflected by serum @entity1011 and @entity1011 clearance values. RESULTS: We identified 15 genes significantly correlative with disease activity in @entity6994 . This gene signature of @entity6994 @entity1 ' leukocytes reflected kidney function. This was demonstrated in that mathematically generated theoretical values of serum @entity1011 and @entity1011 clearance correlated significantly with actual @entity6994 @entity1 values of serum @entity1011 and @entity1011 clearance. There was no apparent correlation with @entity811 and @entity644 . The expression levels of this same gene set in ANCA @entity631 or @entity1988 @entity1 were not correlative with serum @entity1011 or @entity1011 clearance values. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that leukocytes carry informative disease-specific markers of pathogenic changes in renal tissue.

title: Gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes correlate with @entity8 activity in IgA XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nephritic disease']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of these studies was to explore the possibility of using gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes as a functional fingerprint of @entity66 activity. METHODS: This feasibility study utilized IgA @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) as a model system. Genes differentially expressed in @entity6994 @entity1 were identified by Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays, and compared with gene expression of @entity628 ( @entity628 ), minimal change disease, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) @entity631 , and with healthy volunteers. Of the genes identified, 15 transcriptionally up-regulated were validated in a larger cohort of @entity1 using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To test whether increased expression of these genes correlated with disease activity, cluster analyses were performed utilizing the TaqMan PCR values. Taking a mathematical approach, we tested whether gene expression values were correlative with kidney function, as reflected by serum @entity1011 and @entity1011 clearance values. RESULTS: We identified 15 genes significantly correlative with disease activity in @entity6994 . This gene signature of @entity6994 @entity1 ' leukocytes reflected kidney function. This was demonstrated in that mathematically generated theoretical values of serum @entity1011 and @entity1011 clearance correlated significantly with actual @entity6994 @entity1 values of serum @entity1011 and @entity1011 clearance. There was no apparent correlation with @entity811 and @entity644 . The expression levels of this same gene set in ANCA @entity631 or @entity1988 @entity1 were not correlative with serum @entity1011 or @entity1011 clearance values. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that leukocytes carry informative disease-specific markers of pathogenic changes in renal tissue.

title: Gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes correlate with XXXX activity in IgA @entity8 .

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The atherogenic serum lipoprotein(a) [ @entity3452 ] is significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity1985 . The underlying mechanism for this elevation is poorly understood. METHODS: We investigated in 207 @entity1 with @entity1985 and 274 controls whether the apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] kringle-IV repeat polymorphism explains the elevated @entity3452 levels in these @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1 showed a tremendous elevation of @entity3452 concentrations when compared to controls (mean 60.4 vs. 20.0 mg/dL and median 29.8 vs. 6.4 mg/dL, P < 0.0001). Primary and secondary causes contributed to this elevation. The primary causes became apparent by a markedly elevated number of low-molecular-weight apo(a) phenotypes which are usually associated with high @entity3452 levels. This frequency was 35.7% in @entity1 compared to only 24.8% in controls (P= 0.009). In addition, secondary causes by the pathogenetic mechanisms of the @entity1985 itself resulted in a different increase of @entity3452 in the various apo(a) isoform groups. Based on the measured @entity3452 concentrations in each subject, we calculated separately the @entity3452 concentrations arising from the two expressed isoforms by estimating the relative proportion of the two serum isoforms in the @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) agarose gel electrophoresis. Low-molecular-weight isoforms were associated with 40% to 75% elevated @entity3452 concentrations when compared to matched isoforms from controls. High-molecular-weight apo(a) isoforms showed 100% to 500% elevated @entity3452 levels compared to matched isoforms from controls. The severity of the @entity1985 as well as the degree of @entity8 did not influence the @entity3452 concentrations. CONCLUSION: The tremendously increased @entity3452 levels in @entity1985 ar caused by primary genetic as well as disease-related mechanisms.

title: The apolipoprotein(a) size polymorphism is associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity50 ( @entity1779 ) is rare in @entity1 . Information on clinical characteristics, radiological findings and outcome is emerging. METHODS: Cases of @entity1779 diagnosed between 1995 and 2001 were identified by a computer-assisted search using International Classification of Disease codes. Medical records were reviewed to collect information on clinical presentation, investigations, treatment and outcome. RESULTS: Sixteen cases of @entity1779 were identified. All cases presented in association with head and neck pathology. The majority of cases presented with symptoms of @entity428 and focal neurological signs. Magnetic resonance imaging identified all cases of @entity1779 whilst CT scanning failed to demonstrate the diagnosis in two cases. Management with anticoagulation was associated with radiological resolution of the @entity715 and normal neurological outcome. Long-term follow up demonstrated @entity51 in greater than 40% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1779 in @entity1 is associated with significant residual @entity16 . Prospective studies to identify predictors of outcome and effective management interventions are required.

title: XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral SVT', 'Cerebral SVT']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity50 ( @entity1779 ) is rare in @entity1 . Information on clinical characteristics, radiological findings and outcome is emerging. METHODS: Cases of @entity1779 diagnosed between 1995 and 2001 were identified by a computer-assisted search using International Classification of Disease codes. Medical records were reviewed to collect information on clinical presentation, investigations, treatment and outcome. RESULTS: Sixteen cases of @entity1779 were identified. All cases presented in association with head and neck pathology. The majority of cases presented with symptoms of @entity428 and focal neurological signs. Magnetic resonance imaging identified all cases of @entity1779 whilst CT scanning failed to demonstrate the diagnosis in two cases. Management with anticoagulation was associated with radiological resolution of the @entity715 and normal neurological outcome. Long-term follow up demonstrated @entity51 in greater than 40% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1779 in @entity1 is associated with significant residual @entity16 . Prospective studies to identify predictors of outcome and effective management interventions are required.

title: @entity50 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIM: To clarify the role of a combined diagnostic approach using laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of @entity9814 in developing countries. METHODS: In a prospective study, 612 consecutive infertile @entity1 underwent complete fertility evaluation at a tertiary university @entity249 clinic: 300 complained of @entity249 , 221 of secondary @entity249 , and 91 were requesting reversal of a previous tubal ligation. All the @entity1 were examined by simultaneous combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy as a part of their routine @entity249 evaluation. Focused hysteroscopic evaluation of the region of utero-tubal junction was attempted. RESULTS: Laparoscopy was successful in 608 and hysteroscopy in 597 @entity1 . The most frequent pathologies detected hysteroscopically in the infertile group were adhesive in nature and believed to be post-traumatic and/or post-phlogistic. The number of intrauterine abnormalities found by hysteroscopy was significantly greater than by hysterosalpingography. The rate of diagnosis of significant lesions by laparoscopy of 64.3% rose to 76.6% when the hysteroscopic findings were included. A significant number of @entity1 with secondary @entity249 had abnormal hysteroscopic findings when compared to either @entity1 with @entity249 or those requesting sterilization reversal. Hysteroscopic evaluation of the region of utero-tubal junction revealed significant lesions believed to have caused @entity249 in comparison with those requesting sterilization reversal. CONCLUSION: The combined diagnostic approach of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy is recommended in the evaluation of @entity9814 in communities where the risk of @entity5280 is great.

title: Combined diagnostic approach of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of XXXX : results of 612 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic infections']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'primary infertility']

entities_list: @entity9814 :: ('MESH:D007247', 'Disease') :: ['female infertility']

answer: @entity9814 :: (MESH:D007247,Disease) :: ['female infertility']


abstract: AIM: To clarify the role of a combined diagnostic approach using laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of @entity9814 in developing countries. METHODS: In a prospective study, 612 consecutive infertile @entity1 underwent complete fertility evaluation at a tertiary university @entity249 clinic: 300 complained of @entity249 , 221 of secondary @entity249 , and 91 were requesting reversal of a previous tubal ligation. All the @entity1 were examined by simultaneous combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy as a part of their routine @entity249 evaluation. Focused hysteroscopic evaluation of the region of utero-tubal junction was attempted. RESULTS: Laparoscopy was successful in 608 and hysteroscopy in 597 @entity1 . The most frequent pathologies detected hysteroscopically in the infertile group were adhesive in nature and believed to be post-traumatic and/or post-phlogistic. The number of intrauterine abnormalities found by hysteroscopy was significantly greater than by hysterosalpingography. The rate of diagnosis of significant lesions by laparoscopy of 64.3% rose to 76.6% when the hysteroscopic findings were included. A significant number of @entity1 with secondary @entity249 had abnormal hysteroscopic findings when compared to either @entity1 with @entity249 or those requesting sterilization reversal. Hysteroscopic evaluation of the region of utero-tubal junction revealed significant lesions believed to have caused @entity249 in comparison with those requesting sterilization reversal. CONCLUSION: The combined diagnostic approach of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy is recommended in the evaluation of @entity9814 in communities where the risk of @entity5280 is great.

title: Combined diagnostic approach of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of @entity9814 : results of 612 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Completion pancreatectomy in @entity1 with pancreatic leakage associated with @entity86 after pancreaticoduodenectomy is a viable salvage procedure. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis from a cohort of consecutive @entity1 admitted between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1999, for @entity86 originating from pancreaticojejunostomy leakage. SETTING: Tertiary referral center with surgical intensive care unit specializing in the treatment of @entity1320 . @entity1 : Eight consecutive @entity1 with @entity86 originating from pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy, with a mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 18.6. We excluded @entity1 with @entity3472 or abscesses amenable to percutaneous drainage or other conservative treatment. INTERVENTION: Completion pancreatectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality, morbidity, and long-term outcome, which was assessed by interview. RESULTS: Three @entity1 died in the postoperative period: 2 required early reoperation during the postoperative period and died of @entity548 and @entity295 , and 1 died of @entity177 without reoperation. Recurrence of @entity189 was responsible for late death of 2 other @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity86 after pancreaticoduodenectomy still has high mortality; however, completion pancreatectomy may represent the only means to achieve source control of infection in cases of @entity86 .

title: Completion pancreatectomy for XXXX after pancreaticoduodenectomy: early and late outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistulas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative peritonitis', 'Postoperative peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal sepsis']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative peritonitis']


abstract: Stress has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of several diseases. In the present study, the effects of acute ( @entity5427 ), chronic (CS), and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) were studied on the @entity1066 index, adrenal gland mass, and biochemical and hormonal changes in @entity35 . The stress was provided in the form of immobilization-immobilization for 150 min, once only, and for 10 consecutive days in CS and CUS. In CUS, animals received variable unpredictable stressors. Immediately after stress, animals were decapitated, blood was collected, and plasma was separated for the estimation of plasma @entity413 , @entity412 , @entity165 , @entity908 kinase (CK), @entity2819 , and insulin. The adrenal gland and stomach were also dissected for mass and @entity1066 scoring, respectively. @entity5427 significantly increased the @entity1066 index, plasma @entity413 , CK, @entity2819 , and insulin. CS and CUS significantly increased the @entity1066 index, adrenal gland mass, and @entity2819 . In CS, a significant decrease in plasma @entity412 and @entity165 levels was found, but in CUS only @entity165 was decreased significantly. High CK activity and @entity4854 maintain the energy demands of metabolism, and elevated @entity2819 desensitizes the @entity8683 in @entity5427 . In CS and CUS, prolonged elevation of @entity2819 shifts metabolism to utilization of lipids as a secondary substrate by gluconeogenesis. From our experiment, it is clear that @entity5427 causes maximum activation of energy metabolism, which becomes specific after habituation in prolonged CS. These biochemical manipulations in the body by using different types of stressors are good markers that can be of great use to understand, target, and manage stress-induced etiologies.

title: Comparative study of perturbations of peripheral markers in different stressors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We previously reported that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression correlates with vessel density in @entity1 @entity1721 . However, @entity5 angiogenesis is not controlled simply by the presence of @entity7 , and is likely regulated by several angiogenic factors produced by @entity5 and host cells. The goal of the present study was to determine the angiogenic profile of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the esophagus. Expression of mRNAs for @entity7 , platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor ( @entity1015 ), @entity540 ( @entity540 ), and @entity687 was examined in six @entity418 cell lines and fresh biopsy specimens from 16 @entity1 with invasive @entity418 by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical analyses with antibodies against @entity7 , @entity1015 , @entity540 , and @entity687 were performed on archival specimens of 60 normal esophageal mucosa, 11 @entity1141 and 49 @entity189 of the esophagus. Microvessels were stained with anti- @entity2280 antibody and quantified by counting the number of vessels in a x200 field in the most vascularized areas of the @entity5 . @entity418 cell lines and @entity5 tissues expressed mRNAs for one or more these angiogenic factors at various levels. An initial increase in vessel density and enhanced expression of @entity1015 and @entity7 were observed in @entity7944 . Vessel density was significantly higher in more advanced lesions. @entity540 and @entity687 were not expressed in @entity1697 , but expression was increased in late stage @entity957 . These findings suggest that the angiogenic switch is a very early event in the development of @entity189 . Several different angiogenic factors produced by @entity5 cells and host cells may regulate angiogenesis during different steps of esophageal carcinogenesis.

title: Angiogenic switch occurs during the precancerous stage of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasias and mucosal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic epithelium']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal carcinoma', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasias']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: We previously reported that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression correlates with vessel density in @entity1 @entity1721 . However, @entity5 angiogenesis is not controlled simply by the presence of @entity7 , and is likely regulated by several angiogenic factors produced by @entity5 and host cells. The goal of the present study was to determine the angiogenic profile of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the esophagus. Expression of mRNAs for @entity7 , platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor ( @entity1015 ), @entity540 ( @entity540 ), and @entity687 was examined in six @entity418 cell lines and fresh biopsy specimens from 16 @entity1 with invasive @entity418 by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical analyses with antibodies against @entity7 , @entity1015 , @entity540 , and @entity687 were performed on archival specimens of 60 normal esophageal mucosa, 11 @entity1141 and 49 @entity189 of the esophagus. Microvessels were stained with anti- @entity2280 antibody and quantified by counting the number of vessels in a x200 field in the most vascularized areas of the @entity5 . @entity418 cell lines and @entity5 tissues expressed mRNAs for one or more these angiogenic factors at various levels. An initial increase in vessel density and enhanced expression of @entity1015 and @entity7 were observed in @entity7944 . Vessel density was significantly higher in more advanced lesions. @entity540 and @entity687 were not expressed in @entity1697 , but expression was increased in late stage @entity957 . These findings suggest that the angiogenic switch is a very early event in the development of @entity189 . Several different angiogenic factors produced by @entity5 cells and host cells may regulate angiogenesis during different steps of esophageal carcinogenesis.

title: Angiogenic switch occurs during the precancerous stage of XXXX @entity1721 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The formation of microvessels in @entity5 by angiogenesis is considered to be an important prognostic factor, and closely correlates with lymph node @entity3 . We used color Doppler ultrasound to examine the relationship between the amount of blood vessels in @entity5 and pulsatility index (PI), and @entity5 size in @entity0 , with and without regional lymph node @entity3 . Doppler ultrasound was performed on 80 @entity1 with @entity0 prior to surgery. The concentration of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) within the @entity5 was measured following surgery in 42 cases chosen at random. In the negative metastatic nodes group, the number of vessels in the @entity5 correlated positively with @entity5 diameter. In the positive metastatic nodes group, however, the number of blood vessels in the @entity5 did not correlate with @entity5 diameter. Differences in @entity5 vascularity between node positive and negative groups were useful in determining the status of node @entity3 in subsequent analysis. Fifteen of 17 cases of @entity5 that measured <20 mm, and in which there were no blood vessels, were node-negative. There were no node-negative @entity5 measuring >20 mm in diameter (p=0.003). Conversely, in nodes with positive @entity3 , blood vessels were observed in 5 of 7 @entity5 that measured <15 mm in diameter (p=0.019). These findings may be useful in estimating the likelihood of @entity3 to regional lymph nodes. PI was directly proportional to @entity5 size in the negative nodes group (r=0.47). There was no such correlation in the positive nodes group. There was no correlation between @entity7 concentration in the @entity5 and the number of blood vessels in that @entity5 . In conclusion color Doppler analysis of blood vessels appears to be useful in predicting lymph node @entity3 , especially for small @entity5 .

title: The use of Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of XXXX @entity3 to axillary lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The formation of microvessels in @entity5 by angiogenesis is considered to be an important prognostic factor, and closely correlates with lymph node @entity3 . We used color Doppler ultrasound to examine the relationship between the amount of blood vessels in @entity5 and pulsatility index (PI), and @entity5 size in @entity0 , with and without regional lymph node @entity3 . Doppler ultrasound was performed on 80 @entity1 with @entity0 prior to surgery. The concentration of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) within the @entity5 was measured following surgery in 42 cases chosen at random. In the negative metastatic nodes group, the number of vessels in the @entity5 correlated positively with @entity5 diameter. In the positive metastatic nodes group, however, the number of blood vessels in the @entity5 did not correlate with @entity5 diameter. Differences in @entity5 vascularity between node positive and negative groups were useful in determining the status of node @entity3 in subsequent analysis. Fifteen of 17 cases of @entity5 that measured <20 mm, and in which there were no blood vessels, were node-negative. There were no node-negative @entity5 measuring >20 mm in diameter (p=0.003). Conversely, in nodes with positive @entity3 , blood vessels were observed in 5 of 7 @entity5 that measured <15 mm in diameter (p=0.019). These findings may be useful in estimating the likelihood of @entity3 to regional lymph nodes. PI was directly proportional to @entity5 size in the negative nodes group (r=0.47). There was no such correlation in the positive nodes group. There was no correlation between @entity7 concentration in the @entity5 and the number of blood vessels in that @entity5 . In conclusion color Doppler analysis of blood vessels appears to be useful in predicting lymph node @entity3 , especially for small @entity5 .

title: The use of Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of @entity0 XXXX to axillary lymph nodes.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']