abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is a widely prescribed stimulant drug for the treatment of @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in @entity1 and adolescents. Its use in this age group raises concerns regarding the potential interference with ongoing neurodevelopmental processes. Particularly the hippocampus is a highly plastic brain region that continues to develop postnatally and is involved in cognition and emotional behavior, functions known to be affected by @entity7541 . In this study, we assessed whether hippocampal structure and function were affected by chronic oral @entity7541 treatment and whether its effects were different in adolescent or adult @entity35 . Using behavioral testing, resting-state functional MRI, post-mortem structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and immunohistochemistry, we assessed @entity7541 's effects on recognition memory, @entity308 -like behavior, topological features of functional connectivity networks, hippocampal shape and markers for hippocampal neurogenesis and proliferation. Object recognition memory was transiently impaired in adolescent treated @entity35 , while in animals treated during adulthood, increased @entity308 -like behavior was observed. Neurogenesis was increased in adolescent treated @entity35 , whereas cell proliferation was decreased following adult treatment. Adolescent treated @entity35 showed inward shape deformations adjacent to ventral parahippocampal regions known to be involved in recognition memory, whereas such deformations were not observed in adult treated animals. Irrespective of the age of treatment, @entity7541 affected topological features of ventral hippocampal functional networks. Thus, chronic oral treatment with a therapeutically relevant dose of @entity7541 preferentially affected the ventral part of the hippocampus and induced contrasting effects in adolescent and adult @entity35 . The differences in behavior were paralleled by opposite effects on adult neurogenesis and granule cell proliferation.

title: Effects of long-term XXXX treatment in adolescent and adult @entity35 on hippocampal shape, functional connectivity and adult neurogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is a widely prescribed stimulant drug for the treatment of @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in @entity1 and adolescents. Its use in this age group raises concerns regarding the potential interference with ongoing neurodevelopmental processes. Particularly the hippocampus is a highly plastic brain region that continues to develop postnatally and is involved in cognition and emotional behavior, functions known to be affected by @entity7541 . In this study, we assessed whether hippocampal structure and function were affected by chronic oral @entity7541 treatment and whether its effects were different in adolescent or adult @entity35 . Using behavioral testing, resting-state functional MRI, post-mortem structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and immunohistochemistry, we assessed @entity7541 's effects on recognition memory, @entity308 -like behavior, topological features of functional connectivity networks, hippocampal shape and markers for hippocampal neurogenesis and proliferation. Object recognition memory was transiently impaired in adolescent treated @entity35 , while in animals treated during adulthood, increased @entity308 -like behavior was observed. Neurogenesis was increased in adolescent treated @entity35 , whereas cell proliferation was decreased following adult treatment. Adolescent treated @entity35 showed inward shape deformations adjacent to ventral parahippocampal regions known to be involved in recognition memory, whereas such deformations were not observed in adult treated animals. Irrespective of the age of treatment, @entity7541 affected topological features of ventral hippocampal functional networks. Thus, chronic oral treatment with a therapeutically relevant dose of @entity7541 preferentially affected the ventral part of the hippocampus and induced contrasting effects in adolescent and adult @entity35 . The differences in behavior were paralleled by opposite effects on adult neurogenesis and granule cell proliferation.

title: Effects of long-term @entity2727 treatment in adolescent and adult XXXX on hippocampal shape, functional connectivity and adult neurogenesis.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity177 ( @entity177 )-associated @entity409 (IFALD) is the major cause of mortality in @entity177 . The link between intestinal microbiota and IFALD is unclear. METHODS: We compared intestinal microbiota of @entity1 with @entity177 (n = 23) with healthy controls (n = 58) using culture-independent phylogenetic microarray analysis. The microbiota was related to histological @entity99 , fecal markers of @entity32 , @entity1495 and calprotectin, and disease characteristics. RESULTS: Overabundance of Lactobacilli, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria was observed in @entity177 , whereas bacteria related to Clostridium clusters III, IV, and XIVa along with overall diversity and richness were reduced. @entity1 were segregated into 3 subgroups based on dominating bacteria: Clostridium cluster XIVa, Proteobacteria, and bacteria related to @entity1336 . In addition to @entity1560 and @entity82 , Proteobacteria were associated with prolonged current @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) as well as liver and @entity32 . Lactobacilli were related to advanced @entity1560 and @entity82 mostly after weaning off @entity3147 without associated @entity32 . In multivariate permutational analysis of variance, @entity1560 , bowel length, @entity3147 calories, and antibiotic treatment best explained the microbiota variation among @entity1 with @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal microbiota composition was associated with @entity1560 in @entity177 and better predicted @entity1560 than duration of @entity3147 or length of the remaining intestine. Our results may be explained by a model in which @entity1560 is initiated during @entity3147 in response to proinflammatory lipopolysaccharides produced by Proteobacteria and progresses after weaning off @entity3147 , as the @entity1336 group Lactobacilli becomes dominant and affects lipid metabolism by altering @entity6741 signaling.

title: Intestinal Microbiota Signatures Associated With XXXX in @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['IF', 'Intestinal failure']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 9']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'parental nutrition']

entities_list: @entity1336 :: ('1590', 'Species') :: ['L plantarum', 'Lactobacillus plantarum']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['Histological Liver Steatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity177 ( @entity177 )-associated @entity409 (IFALD) is the major cause of mortality in @entity177 . The link between intestinal microbiota and IFALD is unclear. METHODS: We compared intestinal microbiota of @entity1 with @entity177 (n = 23) with healthy controls (n = 58) using culture-independent phylogenetic microarray analysis. The microbiota was related to histological @entity99 , fecal markers of @entity32 , @entity1495 and calprotectin, and disease characteristics. RESULTS: Overabundance of Lactobacilli, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria was observed in @entity177 , whereas bacteria related to Clostridium clusters III, IV, and XIVa along with overall diversity and richness were reduced. @entity1 were segregated into 3 subgroups based on dominating bacteria: Clostridium cluster XIVa, Proteobacteria, and bacteria related to @entity1336 . In addition to @entity1560 and @entity82 , Proteobacteria were associated with prolonged current @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) as well as liver and @entity32 . Lactobacilli were related to advanced @entity1560 and @entity82 mostly after weaning off @entity3147 without associated @entity32 . In multivariate permutational analysis of variance, @entity1560 , bowel length, @entity3147 calories, and antibiotic treatment best explained the microbiota variation among @entity1 with @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal microbiota composition was associated with @entity1560 in @entity177 and better predicted @entity1560 than duration of @entity3147 or length of the remaining intestine. Our results may be explained by a model in which @entity1560 is initiated during @entity3147 in response to proinflammatory lipopolysaccharides produced by Proteobacteria and progresses after weaning off @entity3147 , as the @entity1336 group Lactobacilli becomes dominant and affects lipid metabolism by altering @entity6741 signaling.

title: Intestinal Microbiota Signatures Associated With @entity1560 in XXXX .

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Pediatric-Onset Intestinal Failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that immune processes are important in the development of @entity731 . We investigated whether low density lipoprotein (LDL) adsorption therapy affected serum cytokine levels and the expression of adhesion molecules on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) in @entity1 with @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: LDL adsorption therapy was repeated ten times over a period of three months in ten @entity1294 @entity1 . The total serum @entity165 and LDL @entity165 levels were significantly reduced at the end of therapy. This was associated with a significant improvement in Fontaine's classification and ankle pressure index. We also measured serum levels of inflammatory cytokines ( @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), @entity650 and tissue necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 )) and expression of adhesion molecules (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 alpha ( @entity1453 ), LFA-1 beta, @entity3138 , very late antigen (VLA)-4, @entity16445 and @entity1759 ) on mononuclear cells in the same @entity1 and a group of healthy subjects. Serum levels of all inflammatory cytokines were markedly higher in @entity1294 @entity1 compared with healthy subjects, but there was no significant difference in the level before and after LDL adsorption. VLA-4 expression on CD3+ cells, but not of other adhesion molecules, was markedly higher in @entity1294 @entity1 compared with healthy subjects. LDL adsorption caused a significant reduction in @entity3138 , VLA4 and @entity16445 expression on CD3+ cells. Furthermore, VLA-4 and @entity16445 expression on monocytes diminished significantly after LDL adsorption. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that LDL adsorption-induced immunoregulation is mediated by an indirect stimulatory effect on the immune system. The results suggests that improved peripheral circulation produced by LDL adsorption may reflect improved immune dysfunctions of @entity731 in @entity1294 @entity1 .

title: Removal of LDL from plasma by adsorption reduces adhesion molecules on mononuclear cells in XXXX with arteriosclerosis obliterans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['ASO', 'arteriosclerotic obliterance']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The late-onset pseudodendrites, delayed @entity9358 , of herpes @entity6435 are reported to be of mechanical or immune origin and to be worsened by antiviral therapy. OBJECTIVE: To study pseudodendrites to ascertain a viral presence in the lesions and their response to antiviral therapy. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Outpatient and inpatient hospital-based corneal specialty referral practice; molecular virology laboratory. @entity1 : Six @entity1 , aged 33 to 89 years, four with delayed herpes @entity6435 pseudodendrites and two with herpes @entity6435 neurotrophic ulceration. One @entity1 was immunosuppressed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Findings from clinical evaluation; polymerase chain reaction assays of lesions and tear film of six @entity1 ; polymerase chain reaction and light and electron microscopy of the corneal button from one @entity1 ; and the clinical response of four @entity1 to various antiviral drugs. RESULTS: In contrast to reports in the current literature, delayed pseudodendrites may also be infectious, as they are positive for zoster DNA by polymerase chain reaction and appear responsive to certain antiviral therapy. The corneal button from an immunosuppressed @entity1 had mature and immature viral particles in the basal cells within 2 weeks of transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of viral DNA in delayed @entity4091 . Recurrent @entity1800 may play a role in this form of @entity4091 and warrant antiviral therapy.

title: XXXX . Polymerase chain reaction detection of viral DNA and a role for antiviral therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6435 :: ('MESH:D006563', 'Disease') :: ['zoster ophthalmicus']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['zoster pseudodendrites', 'zoster keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity9358 :: ('MESH:D009078', 'Disease') :: ['corneal mucous plaques']

answer: @entity4091 :: (MESH:D006562,Disease) :: ['Delayed herpes zoster pseudodendrites']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of various optical and surgical treatment modalities in the treatment of @entity1 who were symptom free in the primary position of gaze yet had symptomatic @entity892 in the reading position (down gaze at near). @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify all @entity1 with @entity10818 I have treated who were symptom free in the primary position but had @entity892 in down gaze associated with vertically incomitant strabismus. Of 51 @entity1 identified, 32 were symptomatic in down gaze due to a @entity15170 associated with a unilateral inferior rectus muscle underaction. Twenty-two of these @entity1 had previously undergone recession of the affected inferior rectus muscle for treatment of @entity2194 ; four @entity1 , for correction of entrapment secondary to blow-out orbital fracture; and four @entity1 , for treatment of superior oblique muscle palsy. Two @entity1 had undergone prior surgery for superior oblique @entity7205 . Eight @entity1 had horizontal @entity892 associated with an A pattern, and eight @entity1 had horizontal @entity892 associated with a V pattern. Three @entity1 had vertical and horizontal @entity892 after partial recovery from @entity2895 . RESULTS: The treatment modalities were varied and individualized. Treatment consisted of optical management (20 @entity1 ), surgical management (21 @entity1 ), or a combination of both (10 @entity1 ). These treatment modalities resulted in comfortable single binocular vision for reading in 41 of the 51 @entity1 . Successful optical treatment consisted of Fresnel prisms (four @entity1 ), slab-off prisms (two @entity1 ), single-vision readers (seven @entity1 ), switch to nonprogressive bifocal lenses (three @entity1 ), and a high bifocal segment (16 @entity1 ). Successful surgical modalities included posterior fixation of the contralateral inferior rectus muscle (10 @entity1 ), surgery for A- or V- pattern strabismus (five @entity1 ), or bilateral inferior rectus muscle recession (six @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: @entity892 in the reading position frequently can be alleviated with a systematic approach that includes both optical and surgical modalities.

title: Management of XXXX limited to down gaze.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity15170 :: ('MESH:D013285', 'Disease') :: ['hypertropia']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid eye disease']

entities_list: @entity10818 :: ('MESH:D011305', 'Disease') :: ['presbyopia']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['third-nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['Diplopia', 'diplopia']

answer: @entity892 :: (MESH:D004172,Disease) :: ['diplopia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antimicrobial resistance in microbes poses a global and increasing threat to public health. The horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes was thought to be due largely to conjugative plasmids or transposons with only a minor part played by transduction through bacteriophages. However, whole genome sequencing has recently shown that the latter mechanism could be highly important in the exchange of antimicrobial resistance between microorganisms and environments. The transfer of antimicrobial resistance by phages could underlie the origin of resistant bacteria found in food. We show that @entity1573 meat carries a number of phages capable of transferring antimicrobial resistance. Of 243 phages randomly isolated from @entity1573 meat, about a quarter (24.7%) were able to transduce one or more of the five antimicrobial resistances tested into @entity526 ATCC 13706 (DSM 12242). Resistance to @entity7913 was transduced most often, followed by that to @entity2755 , with four phages transducing @entity803 resistance and three doing so for resistance to @entity869 . Phages able to transduce antimicrobial resistance were isolated from 44% of the samples of @entity1573 we tested. A statistically significant (P=0.01) relationship between the presence of phages transducing @entity7913 resistance and @entity526 isolates resistant to this antibiotic suggests that transduction may be an important mechanism for transferring @entity7913 resistance to @entity526 . It appears that transduction of certain antimicrobial resistances e.g. @entity7913 is not only widely distributed in @entity526 found on meat but could represent a major mechanism for resistance transfer. The result is of high importance for animal and @entity1 health.

title: Bacteriophages isolated from XXXX meat and the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes.

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: Excessive exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) often results in @entity2 , a disease with the @entity5 mortality in the United States. After entry into the lung, PAHs induce phase I metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases, i.e. CYP1A1/2 and 1B1, and phase II enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases, UDP glucuronyl transferases, NADPH quinone oxidoreductases (NQOs), aldo-keto reductases (AKRs), and epoxide hydrolases (EHs), via the @entity5874 ( @entity5874 )-dependent and independent pathways. @entity1 can also be exposed to PAHs through diet, via consumption of charcoal broiled foods. Metabolism of PAHs through the CYP1A1/1B1/EH pathway, CYP peroxidase pathway, and AKR pathway leads to the formation of the active carcinogens diol-epoxides, radical cations, and o-quinones. These reactive metabolites produce DNA adducts, resulting in DNA mutations, alteration of gene expression profiles, and tumorigenesis. Mutations in xenobiotic metabolic enzymes, as well as polymorphisms of @entity5 suppressor genes (e.g. @entity876 ) and/or genes involved in gene expression (e.g. X-ray repair cross-complementing proteins), are associated with @entity2 susceptibility in @entity1 populations from different ethnicities, gender, and age groups. Although various metabolic activation/inactivation pathways, @entity5874 signaling, and genetic susceptibilities contribute to @entity2 , the precise points at which PAHs induce @entity5 initiation remain unknown. The goal of this review is to provide a current state-of-the-science of the mechanisms of @entity1 lung carcinogenesis mediated by PAHs, the experimental approaches used to study this complex class of compounds, and future directions for research of these compounds.

title: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: from metabolism to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'highest cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5874 :: ('196', 'Gene') :: ['AhR', 'aryl hydrocarbon receptor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: A prospective randomised study was undertaken in @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ), which compared @entity632 , 50 mg/m2, and @entity1891 , 2 mg i.v. (intravenously) on day 1, with either @entity786 , 800 mg/m2 on day 1 ( @entity3895 ) or @entity2879 , 60 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and 120 mg/m2 orally on days 2-5 (AVE). Responding @entity1 were to receive six cycles of chemotherapy at 3 weekly intervals followed after 2 weeks by mediastinal irradiation. Response rates and @entity137 were evaluated by the chi square or Fisher's exact test and survival by the logrank test. 81 @entity1 were entered into the study, 38 of whom received @entity3895 and 43 received AVE. In the @entity1 treated with @entity3895 and AVE, the overall response rate was 61% (confidence limit (CL), 45-71%) and 74% (CL, 61-87%) respectively, the complete response rate was 32% (CL, 17-47%) and 51% (CL, 36-66%), respectively (P = 0.07) and the median survival was 12 and 14.5 months, respectively (P = 0.15). In the @entity1 treated with @entity3895 and AVE, the incidence of grade 3 and 4 @entity1210 was 29% (CL, 15-43%) and 9% (CL, 0-18%), respectively (P = 0.025). No @entity1 developed @entity632 @entity296 . These findings support the role of @entity2879 in first line chemotherapy for @entity151 . AVE is among the more efficacious regimens for @entity151 and also has a relatively low @entity137 .

title: A prospective randomised study in limited disease small cell carcinoma-- XXXX and @entity1891 plus either @entity786 or @entity2879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['limited disease small cell carcinoma of the lung', 'SCCL']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: A prospective randomised study was undertaken in @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ), which compared @entity632 , 50 mg/m2, and @entity1891 , 2 mg i.v. (intravenously) on day 1, with either @entity786 , 800 mg/m2 on day 1 ( @entity3895 ) or @entity2879 , 60 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and 120 mg/m2 orally on days 2-5 (AVE). Responding @entity1 were to receive six cycles of chemotherapy at 3 weekly intervals followed after 2 weeks by mediastinal irradiation. Response rates and @entity137 were evaluated by the chi square or Fisher's exact test and survival by the logrank test. 81 @entity1 were entered into the study, 38 of whom received @entity3895 and 43 received AVE. In the @entity1 treated with @entity3895 and AVE, the overall response rate was 61% (confidence limit (CL), 45-71%) and 74% (CL, 61-87%) respectively, the complete response rate was 32% (CL, 17-47%) and 51% (CL, 36-66%), respectively (P = 0.07) and the median survival was 12 and 14.5 months, respectively (P = 0.15). In the @entity1 treated with @entity3895 and AVE, the incidence of grade 3 and 4 @entity1210 was 29% (CL, 15-43%) and 9% (CL, 0-18%), respectively (P = 0.025). No @entity1 developed @entity632 @entity296 . These findings support the role of @entity2879 in first line chemotherapy for @entity151 . AVE is among the more efficacious regimens for @entity151 and also has a relatively low @entity137 .

title: A prospective randomised study in limited disease small cell carcinoma-- @entity632 and @entity1891 plus either @entity786 or XXXX .

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: A prospective randomised study was undertaken in @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ), which compared @entity632 , 50 mg/m2, and @entity1891 , 2 mg i.v. (intravenously) on day 1, with either @entity786 , 800 mg/m2 on day 1 ( @entity3895 ) or @entity2879 , 60 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and 120 mg/m2 orally on days 2-5 (AVE). Responding @entity1 were to receive six cycles of chemotherapy at 3 weekly intervals followed after 2 weeks by mediastinal irradiation. Response rates and @entity137 were evaluated by the chi square or Fisher's exact test and survival by the logrank test. 81 @entity1 were entered into the study, 38 of whom received @entity3895 and 43 received AVE. In the @entity1 treated with @entity3895 and AVE, the overall response rate was 61% (confidence limit (CL), 45-71%) and 74% (CL, 61-87%) respectively, the complete response rate was 32% (CL, 17-47%) and 51% (CL, 36-66%), respectively (P = 0.07) and the median survival was 12 and 14.5 months, respectively (P = 0.15). In the @entity1 treated with @entity3895 and AVE, the incidence of grade 3 and 4 @entity1210 was 29% (CL, 15-43%) and 9% (CL, 0-18%), respectively (P = 0.025). No @entity1 developed @entity632 @entity296 . These findings support the role of @entity2879 in first line chemotherapy for @entity151 . AVE is among the more efficacious regimens for @entity151 and also has a relatively low @entity137 .

title: A prospective randomised study in limited disease small cell carcinoma-- @entity632 and XXXX plus either @entity786 or @entity2879 .

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: A prospective randomised study was undertaken in @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ), which compared @entity632 , 50 mg/m2, and @entity1891 , 2 mg i.v. (intravenously) on day 1, with either @entity786 , 800 mg/m2 on day 1 ( @entity3895 ) or @entity2879 , 60 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and 120 mg/m2 orally on days 2-5 (AVE). Responding @entity1 were to receive six cycles of chemotherapy at 3 weekly intervals followed after 2 weeks by mediastinal irradiation. Response rates and @entity137 were evaluated by the chi square or Fisher's exact test and survival by the logrank test. 81 @entity1 were entered into the study, 38 of whom received @entity3895 and 43 received AVE. In the @entity1 treated with @entity3895 and AVE, the overall response rate was 61% (confidence limit (CL), 45-71%) and 74% (CL, 61-87%) respectively, the complete response rate was 32% (CL, 17-47%) and 51% (CL, 36-66%), respectively (P = 0.07) and the median survival was 12 and 14.5 months, respectively (P = 0.15). In the @entity1 treated with @entity3895 and AVE, the incidence of grade 3 and 4 @entity1210 was 29% (CL, 15-43%) and 9% (CL, 0-18%), respectively (P = 0.025). No @entity1 developed @entity632 @entity296 . These findings support the role of @entity2879 in first line chemotherapy for @entity151 . AVE is among the more efficacious regimens for @entity151 and also has a relatively low @entity137 .

title: A prospective randomised study in limited disease small cell carcinoma-- @entity632 and @entity1891 plus either XXXX or @entity2879 .

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: CONCLUSION: @entity30558 is a chronic, specific, granuloma of the nose and other parts of the respiratory system. The disease is endemic in Egypt and many other countries. The causative organism is @entity4005 bacillus, proved by fulfilling Koch's postulates. The mode of infection is not known and its worldwide irregular geographical distribution is not understood. Lines of treatment are unsatisfactory and a tendency for recurrence is the rule. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to study the clinical presentation, microbiology, pathological staging, follow-up, and lines of treatment of new @entity30558 @entity1 admitted or seen at Alexandria Main University Hospital from January 1999 until January 2009. METHODS: Demographic data and the results of clinical, bacteriological, and histological examinations were reviewed. Medical and surgical treatments were evaluated. Follow-up as regards the results of treatment and incidence of recurrence was assessed. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 were included in the study. There were 26 males and 30 females, and 85% of @entity1 presented in the third and fourth decades of life. The nose was affected in 100% of @entity1 . Other regions affected were the nasopharynx in 13 @entity1 , palate in 7 @entity1 , skin in 2 @entity1 , larynx in 3 @entity1 , @entity825 in 17 @entity1 , nasolacrimal duct in 2 @entity1 , and premaxilla in 1 @entity1 . No lymph node affection was reported. @entity4005 strain III was isolated from 100% of patients. Antibiotics used were a combination of @entity799 400 mg and @entity1215 300 mg twice daily for 3 months. Since 2003, this was replaced by @entity2177 500 mg twice daily for 3 months. Surgical procedures performed were removal of nasal granulations, @entity384 , @entity162 of @entity272 , tracheostomy, and repair of pharyngeal stenosis. Results were disappointing, as a large number of @entity1 did not attend for follow-up. A high incidence of recurrence was found, reaching up to 25% within 10 years.

title: XXXX : an updated experience through the last 10 years.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar coagulation']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['bronchoscopic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis']

entities_list: @entity30558 :: ('MESH:D012226', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoscleroma', 'Rhinoscleroma']

answer: @entity30558 :: (MESH:D012226,Disease) :: ['Rhinoscleroma']


abstract: @entity1274 was studied in a @entity95 model of experimental @entity4008 using electrophysiological and ultrastructural techniques. Hearing impairment was monitored by auditory brain-stem evoked responses (ABERs) and concomitant structural lesions were identified by both transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. @entity693 was induced by intra-cerebrospinal fluid injection of either @entity526 2073 and type K-12) or @entity327 type b. Auditory loss of approximately equal to 10 dB occurred in all @entity95 by about 10 hours post @entity281 and progressed in severity until by 20 h following @entity281 , @entity393 up to and > 60 dB were obtained. At levels of @entity393 < 20 dB ultrastructural damage to the organ of Corti was barely detectable. With greater levels of @entity393 , patchy structural damage to hair cells, synaptic nerve terminals, supporting cells and inner spiral sulcus cells and cells of the stria vascularis was clearly evident. Bacteria were found in scala tympani, the basilar membrane, the organ of Corti, scala media, the spiral ligament and at the margin of the stria vascularis. Evidence of @entity548 was found in some cochleas; erythrocytes were found in scala tympani, scala media, amongst hair cells and beneath the tectorial membrane. The results show that @entity393 is associated with bacterial invasion and damage to the organ of Corti and that the cause of @entity393 is likely to result from multiple lesions within the cochlea. Lesions to sensory cells almost certainly will produce permanent @entity393 . Lesions to supporting cells, nerve terminals and to stria vascularis may well produce only temporary @entity393 .

title: The cochlear lesion in experimental @entity4008 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['Sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing losses']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli (strain']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity1274 was studied in a @entity95 model of experimental @entity4008 using electrophysiological and ultrastructural techniques. Hearing impairment was monitored by auditory brain-stem evoked responses (ABERs) and concomitant structural lesions were identified by both transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. @entity693 was induced by intra-cerebrospinal fluid injection of either @entity526 2073 and type K-12) or @entity327 type b. Auditory loss of approximately equal to 10 dB occurred in all @entity95 by about 10 hours post @entity281 and progressed in severity until by 20 h following @entity281 , @entity393 up to and > 60 dB were obtained. At levels of @entity393 < 20 dB ultrastructural damage to the organ of Corti was barely detectable. With greater levels of @entity393 , patchy structural damage to hair cells, synaptic nerve terminals, supporting cells and inner spiral sulcus cells and cells of the stria vascularis was clearly evident. Bacteria were found in scala tympani, the basilar membrane, the organ of Corti, scala media, the spiral ligament and at the margin of the stria vascularis. Evidence of @entity548 was found in some cochleas; erythrocytes were found in scala tympani, scala media, amongst hair cells and beneath the tectorial membrane. The results show that @entity393 is associated with bacterial invasion and damage to the organ of Corti and that the cause of @entity393 is likely to result from multiple lesions within the cochlea. Lesions to sensory cells almost certainly will produce permanent @entity393 . Lesions to supporting cells, nerve terminals and to stria vascularis may well produce only temporary @entity393 .

title: The cochlear lesion in experimental XXXX of the @entity95 .

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['bacterial meningitis']


abstract: Haematopoietic necrosis of @entity26727 ( @entity26727 ) is caused by @entity28868 (CyHV-2) and has caused huge economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. Currently the isolation and propagation of CyHV-2 in vitro is very difficult due to the lack of permissive cell lines. Studies on the pathogenesis of CyHV-2 have been hampered because the virus has not been extensively characterized. In this study, a novel cell line from the brain of @entity26727 , denoted GiCB, has been established and characterized. Sustainable propagation of CyHV-2 in the GiCB cell line has been confirmed by virus @entity281 and titration, PCR, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The GiCB cells showed typical cytopathic effect by day 6 post- @entity281 with CyHV-2 including cell shrinkage, rounding, and cell fusion with cytoplasmic vacuolization. The virus titer reached 10(7.5    0.37)TCID      /ml and has been successfully passaged over 50 times in the GiCB cell line. Electron microscopy analysis revealed the complete replication of CyHV-2 in GiCB cells. CyHV-2-infected GiCB cells reacted strongly with polyclonal antibodies against CyHV-2 and CyHV-2 RNA in cells hybridized specifically with the virus RNA probes. Additionally, an experimental @entity281 demonstrated that CyHV-2 produced in GiCB cells caused 100% mortality in @entity26727 . All the results provide solid evidence that the GiCB cell line is highly permissive for the isolation and propagation of CyHV-2. This is a significant advancement that will promote additional research on CyHV-2 @entity281 in fish in the future.

title: Establishment of a novel and highly permissive cell line for the efficient replication of XXXX (CyHV-2).

entities_list: @entity26727 :: ('101364', 'Species') :: ['Carassius auratus gibelio', 'gibel carp']

entities_list: @entity28868 :: ('180230', 'Species') :: ['cyprinid herpesvirus 2']

answer: @entity28868 :: (180230,Species) :: ['cyprinid herpesvirus 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nontraumatic @entity2530 of the femoral head (ONFH) is a @entity395 caused by @entity39 of unknown etiology. A few studies have demonstrated trends in the number of @entity1 with ONFH. However, there are no data on temporal trends in characteristics such as age, gender, and causative factors. To investigate this, we examined data from a multicenter hospital-based sentinel monitoring system in Japan. METHODS: A total of 3041 newly-diagnosed ONFH @entity1 from 34 participating hospitals who were reported to the system from 1997-2011 were analyzed. We examined age at diagnosis, potential causative factors, and underlying diseases for which @entity1 received systemic @entity479 administration. Their temporal trends were assessed according to date of diagnosis in 5-year intervals (1997-2001, 2002-2006, and 2007-2011). RESULTS: The gender ratio and distribution of potential causative factors did not change. Regarding underlying diseases requiring @entity479 administration, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity1252 decreased in males (10% to 6.4%) and in females (37% to 29%). Proportion of @entity1 with renal transplantation fell consistently across the study period in both males (3.8% to 1.2%) and females (3.2% to 0.8%). In contrast, the proportion of @entity1 receiving @entity230 for @entity358 (except asthma) significantly increased in both males (0.5% to 5.5%) and females (0.5% to 3.6%). CONCLUSIONS: This large descriptive study is the first to investigate temporal trends in the characteristics of ONFH, which provide useful information for future studies.

title: Temporal Trends in Characteristics of Newly Diagnosed Nontraumatic XXXX of the Femoral Head From 1997 to 2011: A Hospital-Based Sentinel Monitoring System in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['Osteonecrosis']


abstract: WHAT IS KNOWN AND BACKGROUND: The introduction of vaccines has lead to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality from diseases such as measles, @entity2462 and @entity3328 , as well as the eradication of @entity14333 (Ertl HC, Xiang Z (1996) The Journal of Immunology, 156, 3579-3582). A recent vaccine approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the recombinant quadrivalent @entity1082 ) vaccine (Merck, @entity14849  ). Concerns raised with this preventive measure include safety and efficacy issues as well as the financial implications. Furthermore, the use of the vaccine in @entity1 outside the currently approved age ranges and in adolescent @entity1 and @entity1 has also been a source of debate. OBJECTIVE: A review of two licensed HPV vaccines (Gardasil, Merck and Cervarix, GalxoSmithKline) in the light of these issues. METHODS: Literature searches were conducted using the MEDLINE (1966-December 2008) and PubMed databases in addition to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Bibliographies of selected references were also evaluated for relevant articles. Published guidelines and press releases were utilized as were the manufacturer's package inserts. The collection of information for this review was limited to the most recently available @entity1 data. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The HPV quadrivalent vaccine has been effective in the management of HPV by preventing vaccine subtype-related persistent @entity281 and @entity1613 as evidenced by numerous clinical trials. It is also regarded as a generally safe and well-tolerated vaccine, based on an assessment of reported adverse events submitted through governmental databases and analyzed by independent researchers. The majority of adverse events were non-serious and the vaccine has not been conclusively implicated with serious events. The FDA continues to focus on routine post-marketing surveillance monitoring of reported adverse events. The bivalent vaccine has also been shown to be effective in reported trials. Its adverse effect profile also appears acceptable. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The HPV vaccines appear safe and effective. Additional clinical research on the vaccines on @entity1 outside the currently approved age ranges and in males is necessary. Studies on longer-term outcomes, including cervical @entity5 and the emergence of new viral genotypes are also necessary.

title: Quadrivalent XXXX ) vaccine: a review of safety, efficacy, and pharmacoeconomics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'boys', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity532 include @entity548 , bullous, abscessing and @entity39 . The risk factors predisposing @entity1 to local complications are not fully known. AIM: To examine local complications of @entity13171 and to identify possible risk factors predisposing to their appearance. METHODS: Medical records from all @entity1 hospitalized with complications of @entity13171 ( @entity4125 , bullae, @entity39 ), admitted to the University Hospital of Heraklion between 1994 and 2002, were retrospectively studied. Clinical and laboratory data were compared with those from @entity1 with @entity13171 without local complications. RESULTS: In total, 145 @entity1 were analysed, of whom 46 had @entity66 . Using bivariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with disease complications were found to be age >=  51 years, @entity28 , longer duration of local symptoms, and @entity221 on admission. During hospitalization, increased @entity1851 level, isolation of pathogens, longer duration of @entity221 and/or presence of leucocytosis, absence of response to initial antibiotic therapy, and longer length of hospitalization were also associated with complications in the bivariate analysis. However, in the multivariate analysis, @entity28 (OR 4.489, 95% CI 1.719-11.725, P = 0.002) was the only independent factor associated with complicated @entity13171 . CONCLUSIONS: This study found @entity28 to be an independent risk factor for local complications, of @entity13171 . Hence, @entity28 @entity1 with @entity13171 are prone to complications, and should be carefully evaluated because of the potential severity of disease and the increased risk of failure of empirical antimicrobial therapy.

title: XXXX : a study of associated risk factors.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lesions', 'abscesses and necrosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Local complications of erysipelas']

entities_list: @entity13171 :: ('MESH:D004886', 'Disease') :: ['erysipelas']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['Local complications of erysipelas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a shortened version of the Quality of Life in Childhood @entity302 Questionnaire (QOLCE). A secondary aim was to compare baseline risk factors predicting @entity283 ( @entity283 ) in @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity302 , as identified using the original and shortened version. METHODS: Data came from the Health-Related Quality of Life in @entity1 with @entity302 Study (HERQULES, N = 373), a multicenter prospective cohort study. Principal component analysis reduced the number of items from the original QOLCE, and factor analysis was used to assess the factor structure of the shortened version. Convergent and divergent validity was assessed by correlating the @entity1 Health Questionnaire (CHQ) with the shortened QOLCE. Multiple regression identified risk factors at diagnosis for @entity283 at 24 months. RESULTS: A four-factor, higher-order, 55-item solution was obtained. A total of 21 items were removed. The final model represents functioning in four dimensions of @entity283 : Cognitive, Emotional, Social, and Physical. The shortened QOLCE demonstrated acceptable fit: Bentler's Comparative Fit Index = 0.944; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.942; root mean square approximation = 0.058 (90% CI: 0.056-0.061); weighted root mean square residuals (WRMR) = 1.582, and excellent internal consistency (a = 0.96, subscales a > 0.80). Factor loadings were good (first-order:    = 0.66-0.93; higher-order    = 0.66-0.85; p < 0.001 for all). The shortened QOLCE scores correlated strongly with similar subscales of the @entity1 Health Questionnaire (   = 0.38-0.70) while correlating weakly with dissimilar subscales (   = 0.30-0.31). While controlling for @entity283 at diagnosis, predictors for better @entity283 at 24 months were the following: no cognitive problems reported (p = 0.001), better family functioning (p = 0.014), fewer family demands (p = 0.008), with an interaction between baseline @entity73 (p = 0.011). SIGNIFICANCE: Results offer initial evidence regarding reliability and validity of the proposed 55-item shortened version of the QOLCE (QOLCE-55). The QOLCE-55 produced results on risk factors consistent with those found using the original measure. Given the fewer items, QOLCE-55 may be a viable option reducing respondent burden when assessing @entity283 in @entity1 with @entity302 .

title: Development and assessment of a shortened Quality of Life in Childhood XXXX Questionnaire (QOLCE-55).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['HRQoL and cognitive problems']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQoL', 'health-related quality of life']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in predicting @entity0 size: comparative analysis of @entity0 size byMRI vs histopathological assessment. PURPOSE: Tumor size is one of the most important factors in making a clinical and pathological assessment of @entity0 . The purpose of this study is to evaluate if MRI imaging is helpful for the surgeon in the preoperative accurate assessment of @entity5 size. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 124 @entity1 who were diagnosed or managed at the Saint Francis /Mt. Sinai Regional @entity5 Center. We then compared the preoperative @entity5 size with the histopathological @entity5 size obtained at surgical resection. @entity5 were divided into four histological groups: @entity513 ( @entity513 ), @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ), @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ), and @entity5 (including mucinous, papillary, tubular, and apocrine @entity0 ). MRI measurement of @entity5 size was compared against the reference size obtained from the microscopic measurement of the largest diameter of @entity5 . Concordance was defined as a difference  <= 0.5 cm between MRI and pathology. RESULTS: A total of 124 @entity1 with 147 @entity0 were included in our study. The mean age was 59.8    12.72 years. Histologically, there were 81 @entity513 (55.10%), 35 @entity3821 (23.81%), 15 @entity1137 (10.20%), and 16 @entity5 (10.88%). Out of 147 @entity5 , 55.78% showed concordance of MRI and pathologic @entity5 size within 0.5 cm. MRI overestimated 31.97% and underestimated 12.24% of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Breast MRI provides an additional tool for preoperative assessment of @entity5 size. In our study, we noted 56% concordance between MRI with pathological @entity5 size within 0.5 cm. Several factors, including grading of @entity5 , @entity5 type, and size, strongly affect the accuracy of MRI in the preoperative assessment of @entity5 size. High-grade @entity5 and @entity3821 are the two strongest negative factors resulting in overestimation of @entity5 size on MRI.

title: Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI in Predicting XXXX Size: Comparative Analysis of MRI vs Histopathological Assessed @entity0 Size.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['ILC', 'invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['DCIS', 'ductal carcinomain situ']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'mixed tumors', 'MRI tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in predicting @entity0 size: comparative analysis of @entity0 size byMRI vs histopathological assessment. PURPOSE: Tumor size is one of the most important factors in making a clinical and pathological assessment of @entity0 . The purpose of this study is to evaluate if MRI imaging is helpful for the surgeon in the preoperative accurate assessment of @entity5 size. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 124 @entity1 who were diagnosed or managed at the Saint Francis /Mt. Sinai Regional @entity5 Center. We then compared the preoperative @entity5 size with the histopathological @entity5 size obtained at surgical resection. @entity5 were divided into four histological groups: @entity513 ( @entity513 ), @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ), @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ), and @entity5 (including mucinous, papillary, tubular, and apocrine @entity0 ). MRI measurement of @entity5 size was compared against the reference size obtained from the microscopic measurement of the largest diameter of @entity5 . Concordance was defined as a difference  <= 0.5 cm between MRI and pathology. RESULTS: A total of 124 @entity1 with 147 @entity0 were included in our study. The mean age was 59.8    12.72 years. Histologically, there were 81 @entity513 (55.10%), 35 @entity3821 (23.81%), 15 @entity1137 (10.20%), and 16 @entity5 (10.88%). Out of 147 @entity5 , 55.78% showed concordance of MRI and pathologic @entity5 size within 0.5 cm. MRI overestimated 31.97% and underestimated 12.24% of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Breast MRI provides an additional tool for preoperative assessment of @entity5 size. In our study, we noted 56% concordance between MRI with pathological @entity5 size within 0.5 cm. Several factors, including grading of @entity5 , @entity5 type, and size, strongly affect the accuracy of MRI in the preoperative assessment of @entity5 size. High-grade @entity5 and @entity3821 are the two strongest negative factors resulting in overestimation of @entity5 size on MRI.

title: Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI in Predicting @entity0 Size: Comparative Analysis of MRI vs Histopathological Assessed XXXX Size.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Tumor']


abstract: @entity421 ( @entity421 ) is the most common @entity3478 . MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs that are strongly implicated in cancerous processes. However, our current understanding of the biological role of miRNAs in @entity421 remains incomplete. In the present study, @entity41669 was markedly downregulated in @entity421 cell lines and clinical specimens. Low-level expression of @entity41669 was significantly associated with distant @entity3 and poor prognosis. Functional studies demonstrated that ectopic expression of @entity41669 suppresses tumor cell proliferation and @entity3 in vitro as well as in vivo. Furthermore, we identified Rho-associated kinases 1 and 2 ( @entity9067 and @entity23759 ) as direct targets for @entity41669 binding, resulting in suppression of their expression. Exogenous expression of @entity9067 or @entity23759 in 143B- @entity41669 cells partially restored @entity41669 -inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. In clinical @entity421 specimens, @entity9067 and @entity23759 levels were elevated, relative to that in paired normal bone tissues, and inversely correlated with @entity41669 expression. Taken together, @entity41669 suppresses @entity421 progression by directly downregulating @entity9067 and @entity23759 expression, and may be a promising therapeutic target for @entity421 .

title: MicroRNA-144 suppresses XXXX growth and @entity3 by targeting @entity9067 and @entity23759 .

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor of bone']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: @entity421 ( @entity421 ) is the most common @entity3478 . MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs that are strongly implicated in cancerous processes. However, our current understanding of the biological role of miRNAs in @entity421 remains incomplete. In the present study, @entity41669 was markedly downregulated in @entity421 cell lines and clinical specimens. Low-level expression of @entity41669 was significantly associated with distant @entity3 and poor prognosis. Functional studies demonstrated that ectopic expression of @entity41669 suppresses tumor cell proliferation and @entity3 in vitro as well as in vivo. Furthermore, we identified Rho-associated kinases 1 and 2 ( @entity9067 and @entity23759 ) as direct targets for @entity41669 binding, resulting in suppression of their expression. Exogenous expression of @entity9067 or @entity23759 in 143B- @entity41669 cells partially restored @entity41669 -inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. In clinical @entity421 specimens, @entity9067 and @entity23759 levels were elevated, relative to that in paired normal bone tissues, and inversely correlated with @entity41669 expression. Taken together, @entity41669 suppresses @entity421 progression by directly downregulating @entity9067 and @entity23759 expression, and may be a promising therapeutic target for @entity421 .

title: MicroRNA-144 suppresses @entity421 growth and @entity3 by targeting @entity9067 and XXXX .

answer: @entity23759 :: (9475,Gene) :: ['ROCK2']


abstract: @entity421 ( @entity421 ) is the most common @entity3478 . MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs that are strongly implicated in cancerous processes. However, our current understanding of the biological role of miRNAs in @entity421 remains incomplete. In the present study, @entity41669 was markedly downregulated in @entity421 cell lines and clinical specimens. Low-level expression of @entity41669 was significantly associated with distant @entity3 and poor prognosis. Functional studies demonstrated that ectopic expression of @entity41669 suppresses tumor cell proliferation and @entity3 in vitro as well as in vivo. Furthermore, we identified Rho-associated kinases 1 and 2 ( @entity9067 and @entity23759 ) as direct targets for @entity41669 binding, resulting in suppression of their expression. Exogenous expression of @entity9067 or @entity23759 in 143B- @entity41669 cells partially restored @entity41669 -inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. In clinical @entity421 specimens, @entity9067 and @entity23759 levels were elevated, relative to that in paired normal bone tissues, and inversely correlated with @entity41669 expression. Taken together, @entity41669 suppresses @entity421 progression by directly downregulating @entity9067 and @entity23759 expression, and may be a promising therapeutic target for @entity421 .

title: MicroRNA-144 suppresses @entity421 growth and XXXX by targeting @entity9067 and @entity23759 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity421 ( @entity421 ) is the most common @entity3478 . MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs that are strongly implicated in cancerous processes. However, our current understanding of the biological role of miRNAs in @entity421 remains incomplete. In the present study, @entity41669 was markedly downregulated in @entity421 cell lines and clinical specimens. Low-level expression of @entity41669 was significantly associated with distant @entity3 and poor prognosis. Functional studies demonstrated that ectopic expression of @entity41669 suppresses tumor cell proliferation and @entity3 in vitro as well as in vivo. Furthermore, we identified Rho-associated kinases 1 and 2 ( @entity9067 and @entity23759 ) as direct targets for @entity41669 binding, resulting in suppression of their expression. Exogenous expression of @entity9067 or @entity23759 in 143B- @entity41669 cells partially restored @entity41669 -inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. In clinical @entity421 specimens, @entity9067 and @entity23759 levels were elevated, relative to that in paired normal bone tissues, and inversely correlated with @entity41669 expression. Taken together, @entity41669 suppresses @entity421 progression by directly downregulating @entity9067 and @entity23759 expression, and may be a promising therapeutic target for @entity421 .

title: MicroRNA-144 suppresses @entity421 growth and @entity3 by targeting XXXX and @entity23759 .

answer: @entity9067 :: (6093,Gene) :: ['ROCK1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate procedural and clinical outcomes among @entity1 undergoing chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using contemporary methods and @entity2239 -eluting stents (EES). BACKGROUND: Limited studies have detailed the procedural and late-term safety and efficacy of CTO revascularization among multiple centers applying modern techniques and with newer-generation drug-eluting stents. METHODS: Among 20 centers, 250 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled for attempted CTO PCI. Procedural and in-hospital clinical outcomes were examined in addition to the 1-year primary endpoint of @entity204 , @entity583 , and @entity75 revascularization (major adverse @entity299 [MACE]). RESULTS: @entity75 , and procedural characteristics included prior bypass surgery: 9.9%; @entity6 : 40.1%; lesion length: 36.1    18.5 mm; and stent length: 51.7    27.2 mm. Procedural success, defined as guidewire recanalization with no in-hospital MACE, was 96.4%. Success with antegrade-only methods was 97.9% and 86.2% by retrograde/combined methods, respectively. Compared with a pre-specified performance goal derived from 6 prior CTO drug-eluting stent trials (1-year MACE: 24.4%), treatment with EES was associated with significantly lower composite adverse events for both intent-to-treat (18.5%, 1-sided upper confidence interval: 23.4%, p = 0.025) and per-protocol populations (8.2%, 1-sided upper confidence interval: 12.3%, p < 0.0001). @entity75 revascularization at 1 year was 6.3%. Dual antiplatelet therapy adherence was 53.9% at 1 year, yet subacute definite stent @entity715 occurred in only 2 @entity1 (0.9%), and late probable stent @entity715 occurred in 1 @entity1 (0.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In a multicenter registration trial representing contemporary technique and EES, favorable procedural success and late-term clinical outcomes support CTO PCI in a @entity1 population with high lesion complexity. (EXPERT CTO: Evaluation of the XIENCE PRIME LL and XIENCE Nano Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent Coronary Stents, Performance, and Technique in @entity432 ; NCT01435031).

title: Safety and Effectiveness of XXXX -Eluting Stents in Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion Revascularization: Results From the EXPERT CTO Multicenter Trial (Evaluation of the XIENCE Coronary Stent, Performance, and Technique in @entity432 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Demographic, lesion', 'Target lesion', 'target lesion']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Total Occlusions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['Everolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate procedural and clinical outcomes among @entity1 undergoing chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using contemporary methods and @entity2239 -eluting stents (EES). BACKGROUND: Limited studies have detailed the procedural and late-term safety and efficacy of CTO revascularization among multiple centers applying modern techniques and with newer-generation drug-eluting stents. METHODS: Among 20 centers, 250 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled for attempted CTO PCI. Procedural and in-hospital clinical outcomes were examined in addition to the 1-year primary endpoint of @entity204 , @entity583 , and @entity75 revascularization (major adverse @entity299 [MACE]). RESULTS: @entity75 , and procedural characteristics included prior bypass surgery: 9.9%; @entity6 : 40.1%; lesion length: 36.1    18.5 mm; and stent length: 51.7    27.2 mm. Procedural success, defined as guidewire recanalization with no in-hospital MACE, was 96.4%. Success with antegrade-only methods was 97.9% and 86.2% by retrograde/combined methods, respectively. Compared with a pre-specified performance goal derived from 6 prior CTO drug-eluting stent trials (1-year MACE: 24.4%), treatment with EES was associated with significantly lower composite adverse events for both intent-to-treat (18.5%, 1-sided upper confidence interval: 23.4%, p = 0.025) and per-protocol populations (8.2%, 1-sided upper confidence interval: 12.3%, p < 0.0001). @entity75 revascularization at 1 year was 6.3%. Dual antiplatelet therapy adherence was 53.9% at 1 year, yet subacute definite stent @entity715 occurred in only 2 @entity1 (0.9%), and late probable stent @entity715 occurred in 1 @entity1 (0.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In a multicenter registration trial representing contemporary technique and EES, favorable procedural success and late-term clinical outcomes support CTO PCI in a @entity1 population with high lesion complexity. (EXPERT CTO: Evaluation of the XIENCE PRIME LL and XIENCE Nano Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent Coronary Stents, Performance, and Technique in @entity432 ; NCT01435031).

title: Safety and Effectiveness of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents in Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion Revascularization: Results From the EXPERT CTO Multicenter Trial (Evaluation of the XIENCE Coronary Stent, Performance, and Technique in XXXX ).

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Chronic Total Occlusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Although stand-alone cages were advocated to be superior to plate-cage construct (PCC) because of comparable clinical outcomes and fewer plate-related complications, cage dislocation and subsidence were frequently mentioned in multilevel fusion. There are some concerns about whether these issues can be effectively prevented in multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) by stand-alone anchored spacer (SAAS). PURPOSE: The aim was to compare clinical outcomes, radiologic parameters, and complications of PCC and SAAS in the treatment of three-level cervical spondylotic @entity602 (CSM). STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This was a retrospective comparative study. @entity1 SAMPLE: A total of 38 consecutive @entity1 with three-level CSM (ACDF with PCC, 20 @entity1 ; ACDF with SAAS, 18 @entity1 ) were reviewed. OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical outcomes were assessed using Japanese Orthopaedic Association and Neck Disability Index. The radiologic evaluations included cervical alignment (CA), segmental angle (SA), @entity86 ( @entity86 ), and incidence of subsidence. METHODS: All the aforementioned parameters were compared before and after surgery between two groups. Besides, the aforementioned results were also compared between the two groups. The complications were also recorded. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 30.3 months. No significant differences were observed in clinical outcomes between the two groups (p>.05). Additionally, no significant differences existed in fusion rate between the two groups. There were significant differences in @entity86 of SA and CA and correction of SA between the two groups (p<.05). Besides, the incidence of subsidence (9 of 54 levels, 16.7%) was recorded in the SAAS group, and the potential of SAAS to reduce the incidence of @entity86 was not proven. No other complications were observed in this study. CONCLUSIONS: In the surgical treatment of three-level CSM, PCC is superior to SAAS in correction and maintenance of SA and avoiding cage subsidence, although the technique of ACDF with SAAS yielded encouraging clinical outcomes and high fusion rate.

title: Comparison of plate-cage construct and stand-alone anchored spacer in the surgical treatment of three-level cervical spondylotic XXXX : a preliminary clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysphagia', 'PCL', 'postoperative curvature loss']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nutritional status and @entity1386 have not been studied to a significant extent in @entity510 ( @entity510 ). The aim of this study was to determine the trends in anthropometric indices and assess their impact on @entity1 with @entity510 . METHODS: We prospectively studied in 56 @entity1 with @entity510 , the @entity427 ( @entity427 ), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), and other factors, and their relationship to clinical @entity2553 and mortality. RESULTS: The median MAC decreased significantly from 29.3 cm (interquartile range [IQR] 28-31 cm) at admission to 27 cm (IQR 26-29 cm) at 1-week (P < 0.001). The median @entity427 decreased significantly from 34 mm (IQR 30-40 mm) at admission to 30 mm (IQR 25-35 mm) at 1-week (P < 0.001). MAMC values did not show a significant change over a week. The @entity1 who developed clinical @entity2553 had significantly higher median admission @entity427 of 40 mm (IQR 35-45 mm), compared to the median admission @entity427 of 35 mm (IQR 30-40 mm) among those who did not develop @entity2553 (P = 0.03). MAMC values did not differ significantly in relation to @entity2553 . @entity1 who expired by 3 months had significantly greater fall in median MAMC values at 1-week (7.7% [IQR 5.2-11.5%]), compared to the fall in median MAMC values at 1-week among those who were alive at 3 months (2.6% [IQR 2.1-6.6%]) [P = 0.03]. However, the fall in @entity427 values did not differ significantly in relation to mortality. In multivariate analysis, only the admission @entity427 , Hunt and Hess and Fisher grades had a significant association with @entity2553 . This association was independent of other prognostic factors and of each other. CONCLUSION: Excessive @entity1386 of @entity1 , measured as an increased @entity427 value, is significantly associated with clinical @entity2553 independent of other prognostic factors, while fall in MAMC, indicating somatic protein catabolism, has some impact on mortality.

title: Study of trends in anthropometric nutritional indices and the impact of XXXX among @entity1 of @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['triceps skinfold thickness', 'TSF']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['adiposity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nutritional status and @entity1386 have not been studied to a significant extent in @entity510 ( @entity510 ). The aim of this study was to determine the trends in anthropometric indices and assess their impact on @entity1 with @entity510 . METHODS: We prospectively studied in 56 @entity1 with @entity510 , the @entity427 ( @entity427 ), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), and other factors, and their relationship to clinical @entity2553 and mortality. RESULTS: The median MAC decreased significantly from 29.3 cm (interquartile range [IQR] 28-31 cm) at admission to 27 cm (IQR 26-29 cm) at 1-week (P < 0.001). The median @entity427 decreased significantly from 34 mm (IQR 30-40 mm) at admission to 30 mm (IQR 25-35 mm) at 1-week (P < 0.001). MAMC values did not show a significant change over a week. The @entity1 who developed clinical @entity2553 had significantly higher median admission @entity427 of 40 mm (IQR 35-45 mm), compared to the median admission @entity427 of 35 mm (IQR 30-40 mm) among those who did not develop @entity2553 (P = 0.03). MAMC values did not differ significantly in relation to @entity2553 . @entity1 who expired by 3 months had significantly greater fall in median MAMC values at 1-week (7.7% [IQR 5.2-11.5%]), compared to the fall in median MAMC values at 1-week among those who were alive at 3 months (2.6% [IQR 2.1-6.6%]) [P = 0.03]. However, the fall in @entity427 values did not differ significantly in relation to mortality. In multivariate analysis, only the admission @entity427 , Hunt and Hess and Fisher grades had a significant association with @entity2553 . This association was independent of other prognostic factors and of each other. CONCLUSION: Excessive @entity1386 of @entity1 , measured as an increased @entity427 value, is significantly associated with clinical @entity2553 independent of other prognostic factors, while fall in MAMC, indicating somatic protein catabolism, has some impact on mortality.

title: Study of trends in anthropometric nutritional indices and the impact of @entity1386 among @entity1 of XXXX .

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nutritional status and @entity1386 have not been studied to a significant extent in @entity510 ( @entity510 ). The aim of this study was to determine the trends in anthropometric indices and assess their impact on @entity1 with @entity510 . METHODS: We prospectively studied in 56 @entity1 with @entity510 , the @entity427 ( @entity427 ), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), and other factors, and their relationship to clinical @entity2553 and mortality. RESULTS: The median MAC decreased significantly from 29.3 cm (interquartile range [IQR] 28-31 cm) at admission to 27 cm (IQR 26-29 cm) at 1-week (P < 0.001). The median @entity427 decreased significantly from 34 mm (IQR 30-40 mm) at admission to 30 mm (IQR 25-35 mm) at 1-week (P < 0.001). MAMC values did not show a significant change over a week. The @entity1 who developed clinical @entity2553 had significantly higher median admission @entity427 of 40 mm (IQR 35-45 mm), compared to the median admission @entity427 of 35 mm (IQR 30-40 mm) among those who did not develop @entity2553 (P = 0.03). MAMC values did not differ significantly in relation to @entity2553 . @entity1 who expired by 3 months had significantly greater fall in median MAMC values at 1-week (7.7% [IQR 5.2-11.5%]), compared to the fall in median MAMC values at 1-week among those who were alive at 3 months (2.6% [IQR 2.1-6.6%]) [P = 0.03]. However, the fall in @entity427 values did not differ significantly in relation to mortality. In multivariate analysis, only the admission @entity427 , Hunt and Hess and Fisher grades had a significant association with @entity2553 . This association was independent of other prognostic factors and of each other. CONCLUSION: Excessive @entity1386 of @entity1 , measured as an increased @entity427 value, is significantly associated with clinical @entity2553 independent of other prognostic factors, while fall in MAMC, indicating somatic protein catabolism, has some impact on mortality.

title: Study of trends in anthropometric nutritional indices and the impact of @entity1386 among XXXX of @entity510 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: TOPIC: @entity148 are the most common mental health concern for youth. Unfortunately, a substantial number of @entity1 and adolescents do not respond positively to current evidence-based interventions and/or relapse. As pediatric @entity148 are fundamentally a systemic phenomenon, focusing on the ways in which parents become involved in their @entity1 's @entity148 may be a promising alternative approach to treatment. PURPOSE: To inform @entity146 mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) about the phenomenology, associated neurobiology, and assessment of family accommodation (FA) as well as clinical interventions targeting FA. FA refers to ways that parents adapt their own behaviors to reduce their @entity1 's @entity148 . SOURCES USED: A literature search was performed using Psyc-INFO and PubMed. CONCLUSIONS: Current findings indicate a high prevalence of FA associated with pediatric @entity148 . FA has a potentially deleterious impact on @entity221 and treatment response and is associated with greater caregiver burden. Potential neurobiological underpinnings of FA include dysregulation of parent cortico-limbic circuitry and the oxytocinergic system. PMHNPs are in a unique position to identify families engaged in problematic FA, educate their clientele, provide psychotherapy services with the goal of reducing FA, and consult with multidisciplinary team members.

title: Family Accommodation of XXXX and Adolescent Anxiety: Mechanisms, Assessment, and Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety-related distress', 'Anxiety disorders', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['course of illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical value of Solitaire AB stents in the embolization of @entity438 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Solitaire AB stents were applied in treating 69 @entity439 in 65 @entity1 . Among them, there were 67 "wide neck" @entity439 and two " @entity135 " @entity439 . Of the 69 @entity439 , there were 40 @entity439 in the posterior communicating artery, 13 in the ophthalmic artery segment, one in the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery, three in the middle cerebral artery, one in the anterior communicating artery, eight in the vertebral artery, and three in the basilar artery. The treatment techniques used included transposition, parallel technique, post-release technique, and salvage stenting. RESULTS: Immediate angiographic results showed complete @entity715 in 63 cases, residual @entity439 neck in two cases and partial @entity887 in four cases. Intraoperative @entity1756 was found in two cases, of which @entity548 was stopped with continued filling. Postoperative @entity1276 cerebrospinal fluid shunt was performed in one case. Coil shift was observed in two cases. No further @entity548 cases occurred during the clinical follow-up. Of 14 @entity1 who had undergone angiographic follow-up, three cases had recurrence and one case received re-embolization. CONCLUSIONS: Solitaire AB stent is clinically feasible when applied for the embolization of @entity438 using multiple techniques and, thus, warrants clinical promotion.

title: Clinical application of solitaire AB stents in the embolization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['narrow neck']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if preoperative lumbar drain (LD) use reduces the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in @entity1 undergoing @entity5513 resection. METHODS: Retrospective review of 282 @entity1 presenting for @entity5513 resection between 2005 and 2014. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-two @entity1 had a mean @entity5 size of 19.1 mm    10.2 mm. Twenty-nine (10.3%) @entity1 developed a postoperative CSF leak. Two hundred and twenty @entity1 (78.0%) received a preoperative LD, and 20 (9.1%) developed a CSF leak. Sixty-two (22.0%) @entity1 did not receive a preoperative LD, and 9 (14.5%) developed a CSF leak. No significant difference in CSF leak frequency was observed with use versus no use of a LD (P = .23). Fifteen (5.3%) @entity1 with an LD placed had a complication related to the LD. No significant difference in CSF leak frequency was observed with @entity1 age, @entity4786 type-2 diagnosis, @entity5 size, or sidedness. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative CSF leaks are among the most common complications of @entity5513 microsurgery. No formal guidelines exist for elective placement of a preoperative LD to lower the incidence of CSF leaks. Our reported CSF leak incidence with preoperative LD placement is not significantly lower than without LD use, and there is a complication rate associated with LD use.

title: Preoperative Lumbar Drain Use During XXXX Surgery and Effect on CSF Leak Incidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['Acoustic Neuroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether breastfeeding affected the immunogenicity and/or efficacy of candidate rhesus- @entity1 rotavirus reassortant vaccines. METHODS: A total of 989 healthy @entity1 between 4 and 26 weeks of age were enrolled into a 23-center, prospective, randomized, double-masked, controlled study of the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of three doses (4 x 10(4) plaque-forming units) of monovalent rhesus- @entity1 viral protein 7, or G, serotype 1 reassortant vaccine, ( @entity27320 -S1) or tetravalent vaccine ( @entity27320 -TV) consisting of rhesus- @entity1 reassortant G serotypes 1, 2, and 4, and the parent @entity27320 G serotype 3. Vaccine efficacy was compared in the breastfed and nonbreastfed @entity1 as well as seroconversion rates and postvaccination geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralizing antibodies to @entity1 serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4, @entity27320 , and immunoglobulin A to @entity27320 . GMTs in the two feeding groups were compared with and without adjustment for age at initiation of vaccination, prevaccination antibody titers, and the age and prevaccination titer interaction. RESULTS: The seroconversion rates to both vaccines by one or more assays were similar for the breastfed and the nonbreastfed groups ( @entity27320 -S1, 84% and 85%, respectively; @entity27320 -TV, 94% and 93%, respectively). There were no significant differences in postvaccination GMTs to either vaccine, measured by any serologic assay, in the two feeding groups. The efficacy of the @entity27320 -S1 vaccine was not significantly lower among the breastfed @entity1 than the nonbreastfed @entity1 (28% and 39%, respectively). @entity27320 -TV, which is the vaccine being further evaluated for licensure, was equally protective in breastfed and nonbreastfed @entity1 (50% and 51%, respectively). Logistic regression analysis, taking into account differences in age at vaccination and day 1 titer, revealed no evidence of differential vaccine efficacy in the two feeding groups for either vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the @entity27320 -TV vaccine, given as three doses of 4 x 10(4) plaque-forming units, induces similar seroresponses and protection in breastfed and nonbreastfed US @entity1 .

title: Comparison of immunogenicity and efficacy of rhesus rotavirus reassortant vaccines in breastfed and nonbreastfed XXXX . US Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Various environmental stresses limit plant growth, development, and reproductive success. Plants have therefore evolved sophisticated adaptive responses to deal with environmental challenges. The responses of plants to environmental stresses are mainly mediated by @entity2271 ( @entity2272 )-dependent and @entity2272 -independent signaling pathways. While these two pathways have been implicated to play discrete roles in abiotic stress responses, accumulating evidence suggests that they are also intertwined. Here, we report that an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, @entity72041 , integrates the @entity2272 and cold signaling pathways. In addition to its role in @entity2272 -mediated drought responses, @entity72041 is also induced by cold stress in an @entity2272 -independent manner and subsequently activates freezing tolerance. Notably, @entity72041 regulates @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) genes by binding to their promoters. The @entity1131 proteins, in turn, interact with C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF) upstream regulators, such as @entity72042 ( @entity72042 ), @entity72043 , and @entity67742 ( @entity67742 ). The specific interactive networks of HHPs with the CBF upstream regulators are necessary to facilitate transcriptional activation of the CBF regulon under stressful conditions. Together, the @entity72041 - @entity1131 module integrates @entity2272 -dependent and @entity2272 -independent signals and activates the CBF pathway, ensuring plant adaptation to a wide range of adverse environmental fluctuations.

title: The @entity72041 - @entity1131 module integrates cold and XXXX signaling to activate the CBF-COR pathway in Arabidopsis.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['HEPTAHELICAL PROTEIN', 'HHP']

entities_list: @entity67742 :: ('816762(Tax:3702)', 'Gene') :: ['CAMTA3', 'CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR 3']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['abscisic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Various environmental stresses limit plant growth, development, and reproductive success. Plants have therefore evolved sophisticated adaptive responses to deal with environmental challenges. The responses of plants to environmental stresses are mainly mediated by @entity2271 ( @entity2272 )-dependent and @entity2272 -independent signaling pathways. While these two pathways have been implicated to play discrete roles in abiotic stress responses, accumulating evidence suggests that they are also intertwined. Here, we report that an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, @entity72041 , integrates the @entity2272 and cold signaling pathways. In addition to its role in @entity2272 -mediated drought responses, @entity72041 is also induced by cold stress in an @entity2272 -independent manner and subsequently activates freezing tolerance. Notably, @entity72041 regulates @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) genes by binding to their promoters. The @entity1131 proteins, in turn, interact with C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF) upstream regulators, such as @entity72042 ( @entity72042 ), @entity72043 , and @entity67742 ( @entity67742 ). The specific interactive networks of HHPs with the CBF upstream regulators are necessary to facilitate transcriptional activation of the CBF regulon under stressful conditions. Together, the @entity72041 - @entity1131 module integrates @entity2272 -dependent and @entity2272 -independent signals and activates the CBF pathway, ensuring plant adaptation to a wide range of adverse environmental fluctuations.

title: The XXXX - @entity1131 module integrates cold and @entity2271 signaling to activate the CBF-COR pathway in Arabidopsis.

answer: @entity72041 :: (836367(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['MYB96']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Various environmental stresses limit plant growth, development, and reproductive success. Plants have therefore evolved sophisticated adaptive responses to deal with environmental challenges. The responses of plants to environmental stresses are mainly mediated by @entity2271 ( @entity2272 )-dependent and @entity2272 -independent signaling pathways. While these two pathways have been implicated to play discrete roles in abiotic stress responses, accumulating evidence suggests that they are also intertwined. Here, we report that an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, @entity72041 , integrates the @entity2272 and cold signaling pathways. In addition to its role in @entity2272 -mediated drought responses, @entity72041 is also induced by cold stress in an @entity2272 -independent manner and subsequently activates freezing tolerance. Notably, @entity72041 regulates @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) genes by binding to their promoters. The @entity1131 proteins, in turn, interact with C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF) upstream regulators, such as @entity72042 ( @entity72042 ), @entity72043 , and @entity67742 ( @entity67742 ). The specific interactive networks of HHPs with the CBF upstream regulators are necessary to facilitate transcriptional activation of the CBF regulon under stressful conditions. Together, the @entity72041 - @entity1131 module integrates @entity2272 -dependent and @entity2272 -independent signals and activates the CBF pathway, ensuring plant adaptation to a wide range of adverse environmental fluctuations.

title: The @entity72041 - XXXX module integrates cold and @entity2271 signaling to activate the CBF-COR pathway in Arabidopsis.

answer: @entity1131 :: (MESH:D011488,Disease) :: ['HHP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retama raetam (RR) fruit is used in traditional Saudi folk medicine as a hypoglycemic herb. However, the potential @entity137 of RR has not been fully investigated. The current study aimed to explore the potential acute and subacute @entity137 of the methanolic extract of RR fruit in male and female @entity35 . METHODS: The extent of acute @entity137 of RR was tested 14 days after a single oral dose was administered (250  mg/kg, 500  mg/kg, or 750  mg/kg). Additionally, subacute @entity137 was tested 28 days after an oral dose of 250  mg/kg/d, 500  mg/kg/d, or 750  mg/kg/d was administered for 4 weeks. RESULTS: Subsequent to variable dosage testing, oral LD50 of RR was found to be 1995  mg/kg in @entity35 . Oral doses of 500  mg/kg and 750  mg/kg significantly decreased body @entity1017 . Subacute administration (750  mg/kg) was associated with significant manifestations of @entity137 . Additionally, subacute administration of the extract at doses of 500  mg/kg or 750  mg/kg significantly elevated @entity3929 transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities. Hepatotoxicity of RR was confirmed with histopathological findings. Subacute administration of RR (500  mg/kg) showed histopathological changes in the liver as indicated by degenerated hepatocytes and early @entity82 , while a dosage of 750  mg/kg showed congested central vein and @entity528 . Moreover, subacute administration of the extract at doses of 250  mg/kg, 500  mg/kg, or 750  mg/kg showed histopathological alterations in @entity35 kidney that ranged from mild interstitial congestion to @entity528 . The extract showed positive result in the Ames test. CONCLUSION: Repeated administration of methanolic extract of RR (250  mg/kg) has a low nephrotoxic subacute @entity137 potential, while it might have hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and mutagenic effects at higher doses.

title: Assessment of acute and subacute toxic effects of the Saudi folk herb Retama raetam in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['tubular degeneration', 'vascular degeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Intravenous thrombolysis for @entity385 saves societal costs. The aim of this study was to investigate the cost burden that hospitals may shoulder. METHODS: @entity64 code activations between May 2009 and April 2011 were recorded and divided into groups based on work and duty time, as well as the period of the day or season. "Time cost of nonclosing service" (TCNS) per @entity64 code activation or intravenous thrombolysis treatment was calculated by dividing the time by the number of activations or thrombolysis treatments during that period. Comparisons were made among groups. RESULTS: There were a total of 634 @entity64 code activations in a period of 2  years, and intravenous thrombolysis was used in 132 (20.8%) of these cases. The rates of thrombolysis were not statistically different between the groups. Overall, the average TCNS for the @entity64 team was 27.6  hours per code activation and 132.7  hours per thrombolysis treatment. The TCNS during duty time was 1.38 times that during work time per @entity64 code activation and 1.46 times per thrombolysis treatment. In summer, the TCNS was 1.6 times that in winter per code activation and 2.2 times per thrombolysis treatment. During the late night hours, the TCNS was four times that of early night hours per code activation and 9.8 times per thrombolysis treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a large variation in the time cost of a nonclosing service for intravenous thrombolysis. Payment based on piece-rate compensation may not be appropriate and requires improvement.

title: Time cost of a nonclosing intravenous thrombolysis service for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity260 , occurring days after surgery, is associated with both short- and long-term adverse events. Postanesthesia care unit (PACU) @entity933 , immediately after recovery from anesthesia, is associated with continued @entity933 in the succeeding days and adverse cognitive outcomes at discharge. Longer-term consequences are unclear. The objective was to evaluate 18-month outcomes of @entity1 with versus without @entity933 in the PACU after surgery with general anesthesia. METHODS: In a prospective, observational, cohort study, 91 consecutive English-speaking @entity1 , aged at least 70 years and capable of independently providing informed consent before surgery, were followed after admission for a surgical procedure in one teaching hospital. @entity1 completed cognitive testing before surgery. After recovery from general anesthesia, they were evaluated for a DSM-IV diagnosis of @entity933 . @entity1 or proxies were evaluated, at a median of 19 months after surgery (interquartile range: 18-20 months), for survival, cognitive and physical functioning, and healthcare utilization outcomes. RESULTS: All 91 @entity1 or proxies (41 with @entity933 [45%]) were contacted at follow-up, with 7 deaths (8%) and 3 declining further participation (3%); 81 (96% of survivors) completed follow-up evaluations, demonstrating no significant cognitive or functional decline from baseline, with 75% of the cohort living independently in the community, and no differences in any outcomes between @entity1 with versus without PACU @entity933 . CONCLUSION: In a small cohort of older @entity1 evaluated 18 months after surgery, we could not detect an association of @entity933 diagnosed in the PACU with @entity1 survival, cognitive/physical functioning, and healthcare utilization.

title: Long-Term Outcomes of Older Adults with and Without XXXX Immediately After Recovery from General Anesthesia for Surgery.

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative delirium']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['Delirium']


abstract: I prospectively studied 100 @entity1 to see whether "incidental appendectomy" with cholecystectomy affects wound @entity281 rate. Randomization resulted in groups similar in age, habitus, and sex. Forty-seven @entity1 had appendectomy. The most frequent @entity1085 was chronic @entity2679 . Positive cultures were obtained from 11% of gallbladders. The mean age of @entity1 with gallbladder bacteria was 14.5 years older than that of the series. True pathologic changes were seen in 6% of appendices. Average operative time was extended six minutes by appendectomy. Length of postoperative hospital stay was unchanged by the addition of appendectomy. There were no infections in the @entity1 without appendectomy and one (2%) in the group with appendectomy. The total 1% @entity281 rate is considerably below most reported rates. There was no difference in @entity281 rate between groups with and without appendectomy (P = .47). Unless the procedure is technically difficult, appendectomy with elective cholecystectomy does not increase the chance of @entity281 .

title: Prospective analysis of the effect of incidental appendectomy on XXXX rate after cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder disease']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['calculous cholecystitis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: The aim of the study was to present the trend as regards @entity378 in Norway since 1950, on the basis of data on incidence and mortality in the total population and @entity281 rate among pupils leaving primary school. The decline in incidence continued until the late 1980s. While the decline was 11% per year during the period 1950-74, it has been slower in recent years. In 1990-92 the incidence level was somewhat higher than in 1989, but figures for 1993-94 indicate a new decline. Mortality declined more slowly after the mid-1970s; a similar trend is found for prevalence of @entity281 among pupils. The incidence is among the lowest in Europe. The proportion of cases among immigrants increased gradually from 4% in 1977 to 40% in 1993. Among the Norwegian-born population the incidence rate of @entity1907 has shown a steady decline, also during the last decades. Norwegian-born cases are mainly elderly @entity1 infected many decades ago. @entity281 is probably rare, and the proportion of infected @entity1 is gradually declining.

title: [ XXXX trends in Norway--has the decline stopped?].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['New infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['infectious pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']