abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the effect on oral soft tissue of a self-applied tooth whitening gel containing 6% @entity273 (Xtra White) with a marketed paint-on whitening gel containing 18% @entity12946 (Colgate Simply White) after 2-weeks of using products four times daily. METHODS: A 2-week, examiner-blind, stratified, parallel design clinical trial was conducted. Twenty subjects were divided into two groups, balanced according to age and gender. Subjects followed a 2-week, twice-daily regimen of brushing with standard @entity1388 toothpaste and applied gel product to facial aspects of six upper and six lower incisors/ @entity235 , twice in succession with 30 min between applications. Soft tissue examinations were performed on Day 1, before the first application of the test products, and on Day 2, 5, 8 and 15. RESULTS: During the 2-week treatment period, twelve adverse reactions were recorded as potentially attributable to the study products, evenly split between the two test groups. All reports were mild in symptoms and resolved without the need of medical intervention. None of the subjects experiencing an adverse event requested to be withdrawn from the study. CONCLUSIONS: Under the exaggerated use conditions of this test, there was no evidence to suggest that either of the whitening gels produced @entity146 that was building or developing during the course of the study. It is concluded that both products are safe for their intended use.

title: Safety evaluation of a novel whitening gel, containing 6% XXXX and a commercially available whitening gel containing 18% @entity12946 in an exaggerated use clinical study.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity12946 :: ('MESH:C009096', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamide peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the effect on oral soft tissue of a self-applied tooth whitening gel containing 6% @entity273 (Xtra White) with a marketed paint-on whitening gel containing 18% @entity12946 (Colgate Simply White) after 2-weeks of using products four times daily. METHODS: A 2-week, examiner-blind, stratified, parallel design clinical trial was conducted. Twenty subjects were divided into two groups, balanced according to age and gender. Subjects followed a 2-week, twice-daily regimen of brushing with standard @entity1388 toothpaste and applied gel product to facial aspects of six upper and six lower incisors/ @entity235 , twice in succession with 30 min between applications. Soft tissue examinations were performed on Day 1, before the first application of the test products, and on Day 2, 5, 8 and 15. RESULTS: During the 2-week treatment period, twelve adverse reactions were recorded as potentially attributable to the study products, evenly split between the two test groups. All reports were mild in symptoms and resolved without the need of medical intervention. None of the subjects experiencing an adverse event requested to be withdrawn from the study. CONCLUSIONS: Under the exaggerated use conditions of this test, there was no evidence to suggest that either of the whitening gels produced @entity146 that was building or developing during the course of the study. It is concluded that both products are safe for their intended use.

title: Safety evaluation of a novel whitening gel, containing 6% @entity273 and a commercially available whitening gel containing 18% XXXX in an exaggerated use clinical study.

answer: @entity12946 :: (MESH:C009096,Chemical) :: ['carbamide peroxide']


abstract: Biocompatibility of biomaterials relates, amongst others, to the absence of adverse cellular reactions and modulation of cell adhesion and subsequent responses. With respect to tissue-engineering applications, most materials need to evoke cell adhesion and spreading, while potentially displaying differential cell function. Adhesion has frequently been studied in a controlled fashion, using adhesion-supporting and -inhibiting substrata. The aim of this study is to create a panel of related materials with gradually changing surface characteristics in order to sustain similar individual cell adhesion and spreading, yet different cell population behaviour. A series of @entity852 materials was created with increasing @entity26 surface incorporation and, concurrently, decreasing water-contact angles. Individual cells adhered and spread on all surfaces whilst showing well-developed focal adhesions and stress fibres. Cell populations demonstrated a decreased growth on surfaces with lower wettability. The biochemical activity of cell populations was not influenced by the surface treatment, but cell proliferation on surfaces increased with increasing @entity26 incorporation. Furthermore, surface coverage with assembled fibronectin matrix was higher on the substrata with higher wettability. Finally, the expression of the adhesion-related proteins @entity3545 , focal adhesion kinase and @entity3547 was increased on surfaces with higher wettability. Further explorations of the cell biological basis of the observed differential behaviour will give more detailed answers on the rules governing cell-material interactions.

title: Plasma-treated XXXX surfaces: model surfaces for studying cell-biomaterial interactions.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity852 :: (MESH:D011137,Chemical) :: ['polystyrene']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Natural killer T (NKT) cells are present in the liver of @entity19 . We examined whether NKT cells and other leukocytes were associated with @entity99 after partial hepatectomy. METHODS: Approximately 70% of the liver was removed from @entity19 using the method described by Higgins and Anderson. RESULTS: Partial hepatectomy induced the expansion of NKT cells in the liver and the elevation of transaminase. These responses were completely suppressed by the administration of @entity1140 . NKT cell-deficient @entity19 showed a decreased level of transaminase after partial hepatectomy. Perforin (-/-) @entity19 showed an elevation of transaminase while B6-gld/gld @entity19 (Fas ligand-) showed a decreased elevation of transaminase. In @entity22873 (-/-) @entity19 which lacked CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, @entity32 remained at a normal level after partial hepatectomy. Since NKT cell-deficient @entity19 showed up to 50% decrease in the level of @entity32 , we examined the association of other leukocytes with the remaining @entity32 . The number and proportion of granulocytes were increased by partial hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Both NKT cells and granulocytes participated in the @entity99 after partial hepatectomy. The function of NKT cells, but not of granulocytes, was found to be sensitive to the immunosuppressive effect of @entity1140 .

title: Involvement of natural killer T cells and granulocytes in the XXXX induced by partial hepatectomy.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: 1000 @entity1 selected randomly in the Italian provinces of Roma and Latina were given a questionnaire seeking information on age, occupation, oral contraceptive (OC) use, self-examination of the breasts, frequency of visits to clinics and @entity975 test, parity, and family history of @entity5 . 98% of the @entity1 were familiar with the services offered by family planning (FP) units. 786 questionnaires were analyzed. 80% of the subjects were 35 years old: the 21-25 age group was most prevalent. 40% were employed, the rest were housewives or retired (according to official statistics in 1984 only 25.9% of @entity1 were employed). Visits to the gynecologist increased with advancing age but proved to be inadequate for prevention even in the age segment most at risk of acquiring @entity5 (p .05). @entity1 who stayed at home were most likely to have regular gynecological checkups and @entity975 tests. 24% of @entity1 answered in the affirmative about self-examination of the breasts, and the 26-30 age group was most interested in it. 31% of housewives also practiced it, compared to only 10% of those who worked (p .01). OC use was most prevalent in the 26-30 age group (over 30%), while those 35 and under 20 neglected its use. FP units play an important role in oncological prevention by observing cultural and social aspects of @entity1 's lives and by adapting preventive programs accordingly.

title: [The role of family planning units in the prevention of female XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: A survey conducted by the @entity3595 Lanka Family Planning Association (FPA) revealed a significant unmet need for reproduction health education among young @entity1 . The FPA presented the survey findings to policy makers and educational leaders at a national seminar. Emerging from this seminar were a pilot project in @entity3595 Lanka schools, a program to train counselors in premarital at regular intervals. These interventions resulted in a substantial increase in the number of young @entity1 presenting to FPA clinics. Moreover, their success led the FPA to launch a national sexual education program in the schools, beginning in 1992. In preparation, a series of orientation seminars were held for Ministry of Education officials and school administrators. A team of teachers was recruited to participate in an intensive 2-month training program in sex education for youth over 15 years of age. At present, daily sex education classes are conducted in selected @entity3595 Lankan schools and out-of-school youth are reached during holidays. The FPA has set a goal of reaching 100,000 young @entity1 with this program by the end of 1993. Program evaluation indicates that the proportion of young @entity1 who scored over 75% on a test of knowledge of @entity1 sexuality increased overall from 9% at pre-test to 67% at post-intervention testing. The FPA has received favorable feedback on this program from parents, educators, community leaders, and religious leaders, including some Buddhist priests.

title: Starting a programme in XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: Pediatric endocrinology evolved as a subspecialty from the era of biochemical and metabolic clinical investigation led by John Howland, Edwards Park, and James Gamble at Johns Hopkins; Allan Butler at Boston University and Harvard University; Daniel Darrow at Yale University; and Irving McQuarrie at the University of Rochester and the University of Minnesota during the early 20th century. The father of the new subspecialty was Lawson Wilkins, a private pediatric practitioner in Baltimore, Maryland, who was invited by Dr. Edwards Park to establish an endocrine clinic at the Harriet Lane Home at Johns Hopkins in 1935. Dr. Wilkins managed his practice and the clinic until 1946, when, at the age of 52, he accepted a full-time position at the University. Dr. Nathan Talbot was invited to develop a pediatric endocrine clinic at Massachusetts General Hospital by Allan Butler in 1942. These units and their associated subspecialty training programs during the 1950s and 1960s provided the large majority of the second-generation pediatric endocrinologists who went on to establish endocrine subspecialty programs in university medical centers in North America as well as Europe and South America. @entity6 as a clinical pediatric discipline evolved in parallel from the early clinics of Elliott Joslin and Priscilla White in Boston, M.C. Hardin and Robert Jackson at the University of Iowa, George Guest at the University of Cincinnati @entity1 's Hospital, and Alex Hartman at the St. Louis @entity1 's Hospital. The Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society was founded in 1971, and the Council on @entity6 was established within the American @entity6 Association in 1980. Medical and economic factors led to increasing integration of pediatric @entity6 and general endocrine care and training, and @entity6 care now is a major activity within the subspecialty of pediatric endocrinology. The growth of pediatric @entity4324 has paralleled the growth of academic medicine during the past half-century. In 2002, there were 72 training programs in North America: 65 in the United States and seven in Canada. The endocrinology sub-board of the American Board of Pediatrics was established in 1978 to certify training and competence in endocrinology, including @entity6 . By 2002, the board had certified 927 pediatric endocrinologists. Pediatric endocrine subspecialists during the past half-century have contributed major advances in our understanding of the ontogeny of endocrine systems and the diagnosis and treatment of @entity4903 ; newborn screening for endocrine and @entity209 ; the physiology and therapies for disorders of sexual differentiation and pubertal maturation; the development of anthropometric standards for childhood growth and development; the characterization and physiology of hormone systems, including receptors and hormone actions; the molecular genetics of a number of @entity4903 and heritable @entity4903 ; development of pediatric endocrine diagnostics and reference standards; the pathophysiology and management of @entity792 ; and development of a growing armamentarium of therapeutic agents for treatment of endocrine and @entity209 .

title: A short history of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes and Youth']

entities_list: @entity4324 :: ('MESH:C567261', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinology in North America']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune endocrine disease']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['fetal-perinatal endocrine disorders', 'endocrine diseases', 'congenital endocrine disorders']

answer: @entity4324 :: (MESH:C567261,Disease) :: ['endocrinology in North America']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Color-coded perfusion maps can be calculated from ultrasound harmonic gray-scale imaging data after ultrasound contrast agent bolus injection to analyze brain tissue perfusion. First reports indicate that this method can display cerebral perfusion deficits in acute @entity385 . We performed a prospective @entity1 study to evaluate this approach. METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 suffering from @entity2500 who presented to our department within 12 hours after symptom onset were investigated with ultrasound perfusion harmonic imaging (PHI) after Levovist bolus injection. Color-coded perfusion maps were calculated from the ultrasound data. In addition, the original gray-scale images were analyzed in cine mode. Findings were compared with those of cranial CT. RESULTS: All 30 @entity1 suffered from acute @entity385 of the middle cerebral artery territory (median National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score, 16 points). Twenty-three of the 30 @entity1 (76.7%) had sufficient PHI insonation conditions. In 19 of these 23 @entity1 (82.6%), a marked deficit in contrast enhancement could be visualized by initial PHI with the color-coded parameter images and cine-mode images. In 17 of the 23 (73.9%), the perfusion deficit was found on the parameter images. The area of hypoperfusion in the initial PHI investigation corresponded to the definite area of @entity1188 in follow-up cranial CT. In 3 of 23 @entity1 (13.0%), a perfusion deficit could be demonstrated in PHI, although the supplying artery was found patent by transcranial color-coded duplex sonography. CONCLUSIONS: With PHI, it is possible to display cerebral perfusion deficits in acute @entity385 . PHI yields additional information on the perfusion state of the @entity1 brain compared with extracranial and transcranial color-coded duplex sonography.

title: Parametric perfusion imaging with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['acute middle cerebral artery infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the applied kinesiologic evaluation of Chapman's neurolymphatic (NL) reflexes in the management of a @entity1 with an unusual @entity154 and its role in the manifestation of @entity1643 . The theoretical foundations of these reflexes will be elaborated on and practical applications discussed. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 29-year-old @entity1 had @entity1643 . Radiographs of the @entity1 's lumbar spine and pelvis were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a mild protrusion of the fifth lumbar disk. Oral anti-inflammatory agents, @entity821 injections, and chiropractic manipulative therapy provided little relief. Though generally in robust health, the @entity1 was aware of a @entity154 diagnosed when he was a @entity1 ; it was thought to be of no consequence with regard to his current back condition. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: The @entity1 's history, combined with applied kinesiology examination, indicated a need to direct treatment to the large bowel. The essential diagnostic indicators were the analysis of the Chapman's neurolymphatic reflexes themselves, coupled with an evaluation of the traditional acupuncture meridians. The primary prescribed therapy was the stimulation of these reflexes by the @entity1 at home. This intervention resulted in the resolution of the @entity1 's musculoskeletal symptomatology, as well as improved bowel function. CONCLUSION: The rather remarkable outcome from the application of this relatively simple, yet valuable, diagnostic and therapeutic procedure represents a thought-provoking impetus for future study and clinical application.

title: Evaluation of Chapman's neurolymphatic reflexes via applied kinesiology: a case report of XXXX and @entity154 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person', 'man', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital intestinal abnormality', 'congenital bowel abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the applied kinesiologic evaluation of Chapman's neurolymphatic (NL) reflexes in the management of a @entity1 with an unusual @entity154 and its role in the manifestation of @entity1643 . The theoretical foundations of these reflexes will be elaborated on and practical applications discussed. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 29-year-old @entity1 had @entity1643 . Radiographs of the @entity1 's lumbar spine and pelvis were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a mild protrusion of the fifth lumbar disk. Oral anti-inflammatory agents, @entity821 injections, and chiropractic manipulative therapy provided little relief. Though generally in robust health, the @entity1 was aware of a @entity154 diagnosed when he was a @entity1 ; it was thought to be of no consequence with regard to his current back condition. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: The @entity1 's history, combined with applied kinesiology examination, indicated a need to direct treatment to the large bowel. The essential diagnostic indicators were the analysis of the Chapman's neurolymphatic reflexes themselves, coupled with an evaluation of the traditional acupuncture meridians. The primary prescribed therapy was the stimulation of these reflexes by the @entity1 at home. This intervention resulted in the resolution of the @entity1 's musculoskeletal symptomatology, as well as improved bowel function. CONCLUSION: The rather remarkable outcome from the application of this relatively simple, yet valuable, diagnostic and therapeutic procedure represents a thought-provoking impetus for future study and clinical application.

title: Evaluation of Chapman's neurolymphatic reflexes via applied kinesiology: a case report of @entity1643 and XXXX .

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital intestinal abnormality']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the problems and outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in @entity1 with @entity4 due to @entity10064 . METHOD: Case note review of nine such consecutive @entity1 treated with PKP. A Kaplan - Meir survival curve was plotted for the series. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 , ranging in age from 27 to 71 years at the time of their surgery were followed up for a mean of 28 months. All had undergone previous surgery for @entity726 . Preoperatively all @entity1 had controlled intraocular pressures, and four were on ocular @entity551 . Two @entity1 developed @entity177 at 15 and 41 months postoperative. Raised pressure was the cause in both. Final visual acuity improved in five @entity1 , was the same in three, and deteriorated in only one. Complications included raised intraocular pressure, @entity231 , @entity1713 , and @entity3225 secondary to an infected Molteno implant. CONCLUSION: Despite multiple impediments to @entity227 including previous surgery and pre-existing @entity16 , a successful outcome was achieved by careful @entity1 selection, and an awareness of, and meticulous @entity260 .

title: Penetrating keratoplasty in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['good postoperative vision']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['corneal oedema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['attention to postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['corneal graft failure']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensives']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity10064 :: (MESH:C565547,Disease) :: ['congenital glaucomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9595 leads to @entity68 overload in many tissues and may lead to liver @entity82 and @entity157 . Early diagnosis and therapy are crucial. Since 80-100% of @entity9595 @entity1 of European origin are homozygous for a @entity462 to @entity669 exchange in the @entity14398 gene at codon 282, genetic screening might be useful. Representative population studies are needed to evaluate the phenotype of @entity1 heterozygous and homozygous for the @entity14399 mutation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between parameters of @entity68 metabolism and the @entity9595 genotype in a large population-based study. METHODS: A representative population-based survey, the Diabetomobil study, analyzed 5,083 German probands. Serum @entity69 saturation and ferritin levels were determined, and the @entity14399 mutation of the @entity14398 gene was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Nine of 373 probands with a @entity69 saturation > 55% (2.4%) and none of 264 randomly selected probands with a @entity69 saturation < or = 55% (0%) were homozygous for the @entity14399 mutation. Three of the nine homozygous probands had ferritin values less than 250 micrograms/L. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype was 8.8%, and the percentage of heterozygous probands increased with increasing levels of @entity69 saturation. CONCLUSION: We propose a population screening strategy with an initial @entity69 saturation test, followed by genotyping for the @entity14399 mutation if the @entity69 saturation is above 55%, regardless of the ferritin level. Heterozygous individuals with higher @entity69 saturation values may be protected against @entity68 loss but may also be more susceptible for certain @entity409 , depending on the simultaneous prevalence of other diseases.

title: Correlation between @entity68 status and XXXX (codon @entity14399 ) in a large German population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hemochromatosis', 'Genetic hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity9595 :: (MESH:D006432,Disease) :: ['genetic hemochromatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9595 leads to @entity68 overload in many tissues and may lead to liver @entity82 and @entity157 . Early diagnosis and therapy are crucial. Since 80-100% of @entity9595 @entity1 of European origin are homozygous for a @entity462 to @entity669 exchange in the @entity14398 gene at codon 282, genetic screening might be useful. Representative population studies are needed to evaluate the phenotype of @entity1 heterozygous and homozygous for the @entity14399 mutation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between parameters of @entity68 metabolism and the @entity9595 genotype in a large population-based study. METHODS: A representative population-based survey, the Diabetomobil study, analyzed 5,083 German probands. Serum @entity69 saturation and ferritin levels were determined, and the @entity14399 mutation of the @entity14398 gene was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Nine of 373 probands with a @entity69 saturation > 55% (2.4%) and none of 264 randomly selected probands with a @entity69 saturation < or = 55% (0%) were homozygous for the @entity14399 mutation. Three of the nine homozygous probands had ferritin values less than 250 micrograms/L. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype was 8.8%, and the percentage of heterozygous probands increased with increasing levels of @entity69 saturation. CONCLUSION: We propose a population screening strategy with an initial @entity69 saturation test, followed by genotyping for the @entity14399 mutation if the @entity69 saturation is above 55%, regardless of the ferritin level. Heterozygous individuals with higher @entity69 saturation values may be protected against @entity68 loss but may also be more susceptible for certain @entity409 , depending on the simultaneous prevalence of other diseases.

title: Correlation between XXXX status and @entity9595 (codon @entity14399 ) in a large German population.

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9595 leads to @entity68 overload in many tissues and may lead to liver @entity82 and @entity157 . Early diagnosis and therapy are crucial. Since 80-100% of @entity9595 @entity1 of European origin are homozygous for a @entity462 to @entity669 exchange in the @entity14398 gene at codon 282, genetic screening might be useful. Representative population studies are needed to evaluate the phenotype of @entity1 heterozygous and homozygous for the @entity14399 mutation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between parameters of @entity68 metabolism and the @entity9595 genotype in a large population-based study. METHODS: A representative population-based survey, the Diabetomobil study, analyzed 5,083 German probands. Serum @entity69 saturation and ferritin levels were determined, and the @entity14399 mutation of the @entity14398 gene was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Nine of 373 probands with a @entity69 saturation > 55% (2.4%) and none of 264 randomly selected probands with a @entity69 saturation < or = 55% (0%) were homozygous for the @entity14399 mutation. Three of the nine homozygous probands had ferritin values less than 250 micrograms/L. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype was 8.8%, and the percentage of heterozygous probands increased with increasing levels of @entity69 saturation. CONCLUSION: We propose a population screening strategy with an initial @entity69 saturation test, followed by genotyping for the @entity14399 mutation if the @entity69 saturation is above 55%, regardless of the ferritin level. Heterozygous individuals with higher @entity69 saturation values may be protected against @entity68 loss but may also be more susceptible for certain @entity409 , depending on the simultaneous prevalence of other diseases.

title: Correlation between @entity68 status and @entity9595 (codon XXXX ) in a large German population.

answer: @entity14399 :: (p|SUB|C|282|Y,ProteinMutation) :: ['C282Y']


abstract: A modification of Fontan's approach to the surgical management of @entity1145 was employed in nine @entity1 . A valved conduit was used to create continuity between the right atrium and the surgically modified right ventricular chamber. Six @entity1 had had previous shunting procedures. Preoperative studies revealed various degrees of @entity509 of the right ventricle beneath relatively normal pulmonary valves. At surgery, the atrial septal and @entity1757 were closed, the right ventricular chamber was enlarged, and right atrial-right ventricular continuity was established with a valved conduit. There was one @entity204 . The eight survivors have been clinically well as long as 3 1/2 years following surgery. Postoperative cardiac catheterization was performed in five @entity1 . Ventricularized pressure tracings were recorded in the right ventricular chambers and the morphology of the @entity551 curves were normal. In all instances, angiography demonstrated significant enlargement of a pulsatile right ventricular chamber. Thus, in many @entity1 with @entity1145 , establishment of a four-chambered, four-valved heart is feasible, both from an anatomic and physiologic standpoint.

title: Physiological approach to surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and pulmonary artery pressure']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['operative death']

answer: @entity1145 :: (MESH:D018785,Disease) :: ['tricuspid atresia']


abstract: We studied 51 @entity1 with @entity453 over a 32-month period to determine the effect of coronary revascularization or ventricular resection on @entity1165 . In these @entity1 , whose major indications for operation were @entity591 , operative mortality was 18% (9/51). @entity583 could not be documented in 16 @entity1 , including four resuscitated from an arrest; 15 underwent coronary grafting, and one had grafting and mitral valve replacement, with one @entity204 . @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) persist in four of the 15 survivors; all those who had an arrest are free of @entity1540 . The other 35 @entity1 had documented @entity1188 , associated with an arrest in 19. Grafting only was required in 18, with no hospital mortality and two late deaths (congestive failure and @entity1165 at 7 months, @entity1165 at 5 months); eight of 16 survivors have @entity1540 . Acute (< 3 weeks) @entity1188 resection was performed in six @entity1 with three hospital deaths, no late deaths; one survivor has @entity1540 . Chronic (> 3 weeks) @entity439 resection in four @entity1 (with bypass grafting in three) had no operative mortality, one late @entity204 (5 months) from @entity1165 , and one survivor continues with @entity1540 . The remaining seven @entity1 , all in @entity1455 , required more than two procedures (bypass grafting, LV resection, @entity1757 closure, mitral valve replacement), with five hospital deaths; the two survivors still have @entity1540 . Thus, @entity1165 secondary to @entity453 is more likely to resolve postoperatively in @entity1 without @entity583 , but its postoperative persistence remains substantial and may warrant special efforts to locate and ablate ectopic foci and/or re-entry pathways.

title: Effect of surgery on XXXX associated with coronary arterial occlusive disease.

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['Premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death', 'death']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity459 ( @entity459 ) is a frequent disease. It is characterized by @entity2741 and elevation of @entity461 ( @entity461 ) levels. The incidence is variable, being more frequent in @entity1 (3:1) in the perimenopauseal period. In the last decades, diagnosis of asymptomatic @entity459 has increased due to automatized calcium determinations. Duration of the disease and serum concentrations of calcium and @entity461 determine symptomatology. Surgery is the definitive treatment. It is important to assess surgical criteria in asymptomatic @entity1 . Successful treatment of this disease depends on a highly specialized team of parathyroid surgeons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical and biochemical background of @entity1 subjected to parathyroidectomy from January 1998 to August 2003 in our medical center. We then analyzed clinical and laboratory data, final histopathologic diagnosis, and surgery outcome. RESULTS: Sixty seven @entity1 were included, with an average age of 50 years (+/- 11.9), 15 @entity1 and 52 @entity1 . Greatest frequency of @entity459 was observed in @entity1 between 40 and 60 years of age. Average calcium value was 11.7 mg/dl (+/- 1.23) and that of @entity461 was 194.5 pg/ml (+/- 93). Histopathologic diagnosis was @entity652 in 56 (83.58%), @entity1373 in 9 (13.43%), and @entity189 in 2 (2.9%) @entity1 . Cure of the disease was achieved in 65 @entity1 (97%). @entity459 is a surgically curable disease; it is necessary to confirm diagnosis and decide on surgical treatment in accordance with established criteria even if the disease is asymptomatic.

title: [ XXXX : a report of 67 cases. The experience of 5 years at the IMSS Centro M  dico Nacional Siglo XXI Specialties Hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 is an important risk factor for surgical site infections. The incidence of @entity6081 is directly related to tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Fat tissue mass expands without a concomitant increase in blood flow per cell, which might result in a relative hypoperfusion with decreased tissue oxygenation. Consequently, the authors tested the hypotheses that perioperative tissue @entity26 tension is reduced in @entity28 surgical @entity1 . Furthermore, they compared the effect of supplemental @entity26 administration on tissue oxygenation in @entity28 and nonobese @entity1 . METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 undergoing major abdominal surgery were assigned to one of two groups according to their body mass index: body mass index less than 30 kg/m2 (nonobese) or 30 kg/m2 or greater ( @entity28 ). Intraoperative @entity26 administration was adjusted to arterial @entity26 tensions of approximately 150 mmHg and approximately 300 mmHg in random order. Anesthesia technique and perioperative fluid management were standardized. Subcutaneous tissue @entity26 tension was measured with a polarographic electrode positioned within a subcutaneous tonometer in the lateral upper arm during surgery, in the recovery room, and on the first postoperative day. Postoperative tissue @entity26 was also measured adjacent to the wound. Data were compared with unpaired two-tailed t tests and Wilcoxon rank sum test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Intraoperative subcutaneous tissue @entity26 tension was significantly less in the @entity28 @entity1 at baseline (36 vs. 57 mmHg; P = 0.002) and with supplemental @entity26 administration (47 vs. 76 mmHg; P = 0.014). Immediate postoperative tissue @entity26 tension was also significantly less in subcutaneous tissue of the upper arm (43 vs. 54 mmHg; P = 0.011) as well as near the incision (42 vs. 62 mmHg; P = 0.012) in @entity28 @entity1 . In contrast, tissue @entity26 tension was comparable in each group on the first postoperative morning. CONCLUSION: Wound and tissue @entity519 were common in @entity28 @entity1 in the perioperative period and most pronounced during surgery. Even with supplemental @entity26 tissue, @entity26 tension in @entity28 @entity1 was reduced to levels that are associated with a substantial increase in infection risk.

title: XXXX decreases perioperative tissue oxygenation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['surgical wound infections']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful minimally invasive or imaging-guided operations in @entity1 with primary, recurrent, and persistent @entity2742 are based on the reliability of preoperative parathyroid localization studies. The CT-MIBI image fusion promises a higher diagnostic accuracy than current imaging procedures. The aim of our study was to assess its reliability in correctly detecting enlarged parathyroid glands. METHODS: In a prospective study 24 consecutive @entity1 underwent CT-MIBI image fusion as preoperative parathyroid localization procedure. The results of @entity1136 99m sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography (MIBI-SPECT) alone, today the standard method in parathyroid imaging, and CT-MIBI image fusion were analyzed by a blinded reviewer, and the imaging results were compared with the intraoperative findings. RESULTS: For CT-MIBI image fusion a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100% in correctly detecting the position of enlarged parathyroid glands was calculated and compared with a sensitivity of MIBI-SPECT of 31% and a specificity of 87% (P<.001). This new imaging technique enabled us to successfully treat 22 of our @entity1 (92%) with imaging-guided surgery. Twenty (83%) underwent unilateral or minimally invasive operations. CONCLUSIONS: CT-MIBI image fusion appears to be superior to MIBI-SPECT in preoperative parathyroid imaging. CT-MIBI image fusion can be performed on existing CT- and MIBI-SPECT units. We recommend this method for preoperative localization in @entity1 with primary, recurrent and persistent @entity2742 .

title: CT-MIBI image fusion: a new preoperative localization technique for primary, recurrent, and persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: The effectiveness of cochlear implants in profoundly deaf @entity1 could be demonstrated in the last years. One of the problems of these @entity1 is the decreased speech understanding in noise. Therefore bilateral cochlear implantation seems to be obvious. Another problem of unilateral cochlear implantation is to predict the better side for implantation concerning speech understanding. Only a few factors seem to help for the choice of the side for implantation. One of these is duration of @entity2319 . In other studies short duration of @entity2319 is a significant predictor of good word recognition. We present a case of a deaf @entity1 with a time gap of 23 years for @entity2319 between both ears. The @entity1 underwent bilateral cochlear implantation (Med-el Combi 40+) as one stage procedure. After activation of the speech processor he shows better speech understanding on that ear, which is deaf for more than 25 years. In addition he has further improvement of speech understanding in noise by using both implants compared to one. In unilateral cochlear implantation selection of the side might still be difficult. In bilateral cochlear implantation the better side is always implanted, which is an other advantage of bilateral cochlear implantation.

title: [Bilateral cochlea implantation in varying duration of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['deafness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and @entity1200 in @entity1 with @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ) from India, with particular reference to autoimmune perturbations and @entity854 cell subsets ( @entity404 and @entity405 cells). METHODS: 16 consecutive @entity1 with @entity12040 (11 females and 5 males) underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation inclusive of flow cytometric analysis of T cell subsets ( @entity404 and @entity405 ). A control population of 94 age- and sex-matched blood donors was used to determine the normal T cell subsets. Student's t-test was used to compare the means. RESULTS: The mean age at onset was 23.4 + 2.3 yrs. Common symptoms observed were @entity10 , @entity4218 , @entity490 and @entity227 . Common clinical signs observed included reduced arterial pulsations, bruits, and a BP difference > 10 mm Hg in the upper limbs. Systemic @entity101 was documented in 12 @entity1 . The mean absolute lymphocyte count in the @entity1 was 2289/mm3. The mean @entity404 count and @entity404 % were 1003 and 41 respectively; the mean @entity405 count and @entity405 % were 755 and 34, respectively; and the mean @entity14525 ratio was 1.41. The @entity1 had statistically significantly higher @entity405 but not @entity404 T cell values than controls. IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels were increased. The mean multi-test CMI score in @entity1 using CMI multi-test device of Pasteur Merieux was 14.6 mm. Two @entity1 had an anergic response, 4 a partial response (1-13 mm), and 6 a full response of > 13 mm. Four @entity1 hyper-responded with a score of > 20 mm. ANCA was positive in 2 @entity1 . ANA was positive in 3 patients. IgG anticardiolipin was positive in 12 @entity1 and IgM in 3; overall 12 patients were anticardiolipin positive by ELISA. Anti- @entity9500 of the IgG variety was found to be positive in 3 @entity1 and IgM in 2 @entity1 ; overall 3 @entity1 being positive for the same. Nine of the @entity1 with active disease were started on a combination of moderate dose @entity617 (20-40 mg once daily) along with weekly oral @entity1499 (7.5-15.0 mg). Surgical intervention was required in 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study found an increase in @entity405 positive T cell subsets, increased IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels, and the presence of autoantibodies including ANA, ANCA, anticardiolipin and anti- @entity9500 antibodies in @entity12040 @entity1 . @entity12040 may be an @entity792 with T cell aberrations. The relationship with antiphospholipid antibodies and anti- @entity9500 needs to be explored and confirmed by other larger studies. The strikingly positive responses to tuberculin, as well as the multi-test CMI also indicate exaggerated T cell responses and cell mediated immunity in @entity12040 . Immunosuppressive therapy was successful in controlling disease activity in the majority, but surgery was needed for irreversible stenotic lesions.

title: Analysis of the clinical profile, autoimmune phenomena and T cell subsets ( @entity404 and @entity405 ) in XXXX : a hospital-based study.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbance/blackout']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb claudication']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis", 'TA']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in T']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu's arteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and @entity1200 in @entity1 with @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ) from India, with particular reference to autoimmune perturbations and @entity854 cell subsets ( @entity404 and @entity405 cells). METHODS: 16 consecutive @entity1 with @entity12040 (11 females and 5 males) underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation inclusive of flow cytometric analysis of T cell subsets ( @entity404 and @entity405 ). A control population of 94 age- and sex-matched blood donors was used to determine the normal T cell subsets. Student's t-test was used to compare the means. RESULTS: The mean age at onset was 23.4 + 2.3 yrs. Common symptoms observed were @entity10 , @entity4218 , @entity490 and @entity227 . Common clinical signs observed included reduced arterial pulsations, bruits, and a BP difference > 10 mm Hg in the upper limbs. Systemic @entity101 was documented in 12 @entity1 . The mean absolute lymphocyte count in the @entity1 was 2289/mm3. The mean @entity404 count and @entity404 % were 1003 and 41 respectively; the mean @entity405 count and @entity405 % were 755 and 34, respectively; and the mean @entity14525 ratio was 1.41. The @entity1 had statistically significantly higher @entity405 but not @entity404 T cell values than controls. IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels were increased. The mean multi-test CMI score in @entity1 using CMI multi-test device of Pasteur Merieux was 14.6 mm. Two @entity1 had an anergic response, 4 a partial response (1-13 mm), and 6 a full response of > 13 mm. Four @entity1 hyper-responded with a score of > 20 mm. ANCA was positive in 2 @entity1 . ANA was positive in 3 patients. IgG anticardiolipin was positive in 12 @entity1 and IgM in 3; overall 12 patients were anticardiolipin positive by ELISA. Anti- @entity9500 of the IgG variety was found to be positive in 3 @entity1 and IgM in 2 @entity1 ; overall 3 @entity1 being positive for the same. Nine of the @entity1 with active disease were started on a combination of moderate dose @entity617 (20-40 mg once daily) along with weekly oral @entity1499 (7.5-15.0 mg). Surgical intervention was required in 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study found an increase in @entity405 positive T cell subsets, increased IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels, and the presence of autoantibodies including ANA, ANCA, anticardiolipin and anti- @entity9500 antibodies in @entity12040 @entity1 . @entity12040 may be an @entity792 with T cell aberrations. The relationship with antiphospholipid antibodies and anti- @entity9500 needs to be explored and confirmed by other larger studies. The strikingly positive responses to tuberculin, as well as the multi-test CMI also indicate exaggerated T cell responses and cell mediated immunity in @entity12040 . Immunosuppressive therapy was successful in controlling disease activity in the majority, but surgery was needed for irreversible stenotic lesions.

title: Analysis of the clinical profile, autoimmune phenomena and T cell subsets ( @entity404 and XXXX ) in @entity12040 : a hospital-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and @entity1200 in @entity1 with @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ) from India, with particular reference to autoimmune perturbations and @entity854 cell subsets ( @entity404 and @entity405 cells). METHODS: 16 consecutive @entity1 with @entity12040 (11 females and 5 males) underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation inclusive of flow cytometric analysis of T cell subsets ( @entity404 and @entity405 ). A control population of 94 age- and sex-matched blood donors was used to determine the normal T cell subsets. Student's t-test was used to compare the means. RESULTS: The mean age at onset was 23.4 + 2.3 yrs. Common symptoms observed were @entity10 , @entity4218 , @entity490 and @entity227 . Common clinical signs observed included reduced arterial pulsations, bruits, and a BP difference > 10 mm Hg in the upper limbs. Systemic @entity101 was documented in 12 @entity1 . The mean absolute lymphocyte count in the @entity1 was 2289/mm3. The mean @entity404 count and @entity404 % were 1003 and 41 respectively; the mean @entity405 count and @entity405 % were 755 and 34, respectively; and the mean @entity14525 ratio was 1.41. The @entity1 had statistically significantly higher @entity405 but not @entity404 T cell values than controls. IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels were increased. The mean multi-test CMI score in @entity1 using CMI multi-test device of Pasteur Merieux was 14.6 mm. Two @entity1 had an anergic response, 4 a partial response (1-13 mm), and 6 a full response of > 13 mm. Four @entity1 hyper-responded with a score of > 20 mm. ANCA was positive in 2 @entity1 . ANA was positive in 3 patients. IgG anticardiolipin was positive in 12 @entity1 and IgM in 3; overall 12 patients were anticardiolipin positive by ELISA. Anti- @entity9500 of the IgG variety was found to be positive in 3 @entity1 and IgM in 2 @entity1 ; overall 3 @entity1 being positive for the same. Nine of the @entity1 with active disease were started on a combination of moderate dose @entity617 (20-40 mg once daily) along with weekly oral @entity1499 (7.5-15.0 mg). Surgical intervention was required in 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study found an increase in @entity405 positive T cell subsets, increased IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels, and the presence of autoantibodies including ANA, ANCA, anticardiolipin and anti- @entity9500 antibodies in @entity12040 @entity1 . @entity12040 may be an @entity792 with T cell aberrations. The relationship with antiphospholipid antibodies and anti- @entity9500 needs to be explored and confirmed by other larger studies. The strikingly positive responses to tuberculin, as well as the multi-test CMI also indicate exaggerated T cell responses and cell mediated immunity in @entity12040 . Immunosuppressive therapy was successful in controlling disease activity in the majority, but surgery was needed for irreversible stenotic lesions.

title: Analysis of the clinical profile, autoimmune phenomena and T cell subsets ( XXXX and @entity405 ) in @entity12040 : a hospital-based study.

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Antibodies reacting with the m3 subtype muscarinic @entity934 receptor appear to be an important pathogenic factor in primary Sj  gren's syndrome (pSS). As this receptor subtype is functionally important in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, and very little is known about the autonomic nervous system function in these organs in pSS @entity1 , the occurrence and clinical significance of an @entity16 involving the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts were investigated. METHODS: Data on clinical symptoms attributable to an @entity5433 were collected from 51 pSS @entity1 . Gastric emptying scintigraphy and urodynamic studies were performed on 30 and 16 @entity1 , respectively, and the results were correlated with @entity1 characteristics and with the presence of @entity4148 . RESULTS: Gastric emptying was abnormally slow in 21 of the 30 examined @entity1 (70%). Urodynamic findings, compatible with a decreased detrusor muscle tone or contractility were found in 9 of the 16 @entity1 tested (56%). Various symptoms of an @entity16 were reported by 2-16% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Signs of an @entity16 involving the gastrointestinal and the urinary systems can be observed in the majority of pSS @entity1 . This high occurrence is rarely associated with clinically significant symptoms. The authors presume a role of autoantibodies reacting with the m3 muscarinic @entity934 receptor in the elicitation of the @entity5433 .

title: XXXX involving the gastrointestinal and the urinary tracts in primary Sj  gren's syndrome.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Autonomic nervous system dysfunction']


abstract: The study about fertility and @entity249 in Maputo City and the rural District of Vilanculos, in Mozambique, was carried out with samples from the 1979 Census Trials. The objective was to study the relationship between mortality and fertility. The results showed that Vilanculos had a higher percentage of mothers who had experienced @entity1 or @entity1 mortality (61%) compared with Maputo (35%). Maputo had a higher proportion of @entity1 deaths per mother when compared with some american countries (Costa Rica and Peru). The total fertility rate was 7.7 in Vilanculos and 6.3 in Maputo, showing the direct relationship between fertility and mortality. @entity249 was studied in the age group over 50 due to possible sociocultural influences interfering in the fertility of younger groups. Maputo had a significant higher proportion of @entity249 (13.7%) compared to Vilanculos (5.6%) (p value 0.001), and to other African countries: Sudan, Senegal, and Alto Volta. Because the author concluded that this difference could be reflecting a problem that occurred in the past, around 30 years ago, the proportions in the age groups 25-29 were compared. Maputo still had the same higher proportion (13.8%), reflecting that the problem was still existing. The percentage of secondary @entity249 was always higher in Maputo, but it could be due to the usual differences between urban and rural areas. Vilanculos had a higher percentage of mothers who had experienced @entity1 or @entity1 mortality, but in the age group 45-64, Maputo showed a higher percentage.

title: [Fertility and XXXX in Mozambique: a study in two areas, Maputo and Vilanculos].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'primary infertility', 'Primary infertility']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: @entity378 ( @entity378 ) clubs were first introduced in the Estie district of South Gonder administrative zone, Amhara region of northwestern Ethiopia in January 1997, in an attempt to improve @entity378 control in rural areas. Before the clubs were introduced, @entity1 who were family members or close neighbors were given different treatment follow-up dates. Walking long distances alone to secure treatment, @entity1 often grew discouraged from continuing treatment once their health began to improve. However, upon the introduction of the @entity378 clubs, neighboring @entity1 , or those in the same family, had their follow-up appointment dates rearranged in the same clinics. Local neighborhoods were also used to group nearby @entity1 in the same follow-up clinic. The @entity1 then formed their own groups ( @entity378 clubs) and elected leaders. 3-10 members usually comprise each club, with the club leaders monitoring drug intake and new developments, such as @entity137 and toxic skin reactions. The social ostracism and stigma otherwise experienced by @entity1 have been largely overcome as a result of the @entity378 information disseminated within the communities by the clubs, while @entity1 attendance for treatment has increased from 68% to 98%, according to one study's findings. This intervention has taken place using the long-course treatment protocol (2STH/EH and 10TH/EH). @entity378 clubs are improving @entity1 adherence to treatment, passive case detection, defaulter tracing, @entity378 reporting and recording, and community involvement in health care.

title: Partners against XXXX : Ethiopia's " @entity378 clubs".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug side effects']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity378 ( @entity378 ) clubs were first introduced in the Estie district of South Gonder administrative zone, Amhara region of northwestern Ethiopia in January 1997, in an attempt to improve @entity378 control in rural areas. Before the clubs were introduced, @entity1 who were family members or close neighbors were given different treatment follow-up dates. Walking long distances alone to secure treatment, @entity1 often grew discouraged from continuing treatment once their health began to improve. However, upon the introduction of the @entity378 clubs, neighboring @entity1 , or those in the same family, had their follow-up appointment dates rearranged in the same clinics. Local neighborhoods were also used to group nearby @entity1 in the same follow-up clinic. The @entity1 then formed their own groups ( @entity378 clubs) and elected leaders. 3-10 members usually comprise each club, with the club leaders monitoring drug intake and new developments, such as @entity137 and toxic skin reactions. The social ostracism and stigma otherwise experienced by @entity1 have been largely overcome as a result of the @entity378 information disseminated within the communities by the clubs, while @entity1 attendance for treatment has increased from 68% to 98%, according to one study's findings. This intervention has taken place using the long-course treatment protocol (2STH/EH and 10TH/EH). @entity378 clubs are improving @entity1 adherence to treatment, passive case detection, defaulter tracing, @entity378 reporting and recording, and community involvement in health care.

title: Partners against @entity378 : Ethiopia's " XXXX clubs".

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['TB']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early postoperative coronary angiography was performed to establish the feasibility of treating @entity1 with @entity66 by performing completely arterial revascularization on the beating heart using only bilateral internal thoracic arteries (ITAs). METHODS: Between March 2001 and February 2003, 113 @entity1 with @entity66 (age, 62.0 +/- 8.6 years) underwent beating heart revascularization using only the bilateral ITAs. Left ventricular ejection fractions ranged from 23% to 78% (mean, 51.3% +/- 15.1%). The incidence of @entity6 was 46%. Early postoperative coronary artery angiographic follow-up was performed since May 2002 in the last 59 sequential @entity1 . RESULTS: There were no operative deaths. Perioperative @entity583 occurred in only 1 @entity1 each. The mean number of distal anastomoses was 3.9 +/- 0.7 per @entity1 . The patency rates were 100% for the left ITA and 98.1% for the right. Competitive flow patterns were present in 25 distal @entity254 sites (10.5%). A multivariate analysis showed that the degree of @entity850 (<75%), the extent of focal @entity850 of the native coronary artery, and the intraoperative transit-time flow rate (<10 mL/min) were the statistically significant risk factors for competitive flow. CONCLUSION: This surgical strategy is feasible, is safe, and yields good early angiographic outcomes, even following beating heart revascularization. However, in less significant lesions competitive flow patterns were relatively prevalent, so this technique might be reserved until it is proven to provide good long-term patency and function.

title: Beating heart revascularization using only bilateral internal thoracic arteries for XXXX : early angiographic findings.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction and postoperative low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['triple-vessel disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify factors affecting the quality of life (QoL) of @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-one @entity1 in complete remission more than 2 years after diagnosis were asked to complete three QoL questionnaires: the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) QLQ-C30; its colorectal module, QLQ-CR38; and the Duke generic instrument. RESULTS: @entity1 reported less @entity158 (P =.002) than did controls drawn from the general population. EORTC QLQ-C30 physical scores were also higher among @entity5 survivors than in the general Norwegian or German population (P =.0005 and P =.002, respectively). Unexpectedly, stoma @entity1 reported better social functioning than did nonstoma @entity1 (P =.005), with less @entity148 (P =.008) and higher self-esteem (P =.0002). In the present authors' experience, the QLQ-CR38 does not discriminate between these groups. Residual abdominal or pelvic @entity158 and @entity1142 had the most negative influence on QoL. CONCLUSION: QoL is high among @entity5 survivors, including stoma @entity1 . Simultaneous use of several QoL questionnaires appears to have value in follow-up and in monitoring the effects of therapy. The impact of @entity158 and @entity1142 on long-term QoL should be considered when establishing a treatment regimen.

title: Quality of life among XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['disease-free survivors of rectal cancer', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['residual pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['disease-free survivors of rectal cancer']


abstract: Agonist-stimulated desensitization of the @entity2162 ( @entity2162 ) is caused by both a potent @entity268 -dependent protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation and a less potent, occupancy-dependent, G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-mediated phosphorylation that leads to beta-arrestin binding and internalization. In this study the kinetics of phosphorylation of the third intracellular loop PKA site Ser262 and the putative C-tail GRK sites Ser355, Ser356 of the @entity1 @entity2162 overexpressed in @entity1 embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were characterized using @entity8283 -specific antibodies. Specificity of the antibodies was shown by their lack of reactivity with mutant beta2ARs lacking the respective sites. In addition, overexpression of @entity437 and @entity47644 increased basal levels of phosphorylation of the GRK sites Ser355, Ser356 in both COS-7 and HEK 293 cells. @entity1425 , @entity5015 , and @entity1928 at maximum concentrations stimulated phosphorylation of the @entity2162 PKA site (Ser262) by 4-fold, whereas PMA stimulated it by 2-fold. @entity1425 stimulated PKA site phosphorylation with an EC50 of 20 to 40 pM. In contrast, @entity1425 stimulated GRK site phosphorylation (Ser355,Ser356) with an EC50 of 200 nM (1-min treatments), which is more than 4000-fold higher relative to PKA site phosphorylation, consistent with an occupancy-driven process. After 10 to 30 min, the EC50 for @entity1425 stimulation of GRK site phosphorylation was reduced to 10 to 20 nM but was still approximately 200-fold greater than for the PKA site. The EC50 for internalization correlated with GRK site phosphorylation and showed a similar shift with time of @entity1425 stimulation. The kinetics of @entity1425 -stimulated GRK site phosphorylation were not altered in a mutant of the @entity2162 lacking the PKA consensus sites. The initial levels (2 min) of a range of agonist-stimulated GRK site phosphorylations were correlated with their efficacy for activation of adenylyl cyclase, namely @entity1425 > or = @entity6410 = @entity7284 > @entity4183 = @entity42828 = @entity3045 > @entity10453 > @entity452 > or = @entity6358 . However, after 20 to 30 min of treatment, agonists with intermediate strengths, such as @entity3045 and @entity10453 , stimulate GRK site phosphorylations that are approximately equal to that produced by @entity1425 , and the correlation breaks down. The GRK and PKA site antibodies were also effective in detecting phosphorylation of the endogenous @entity2162 expressed in A431 @entity1 @entity957 cells. To summarize, our results show a remarkable amplification of PKA site phosphorylation relative to the putative GRK site phosphorylation, heterologous stimulation of the PKA site phosphorylation, no dependence of GRK site phosphorylation on PKA sites, and a reasonable correlation of initial levels of GRK site phosphorylation with the strength of a range of agonists.

title: Characterization of agonist stimulation of XXXX -dependent protein kinase and G protein-coupled receptor kinase phosphorylation of the @entity2162 using @entity8283 -specific antibodies.

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-adrenergic receptor', 'beta2AR']

entities_list: @entity8283 :: ('CHEBI:15811', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoserine']

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: Agonist-stimulated desensitization of the @entity2162 ( @entity2162 ) is caused by both a potent @entity268 -dependent protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation and a less potent, occupancy-dependent, G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-mediated phosphorylation that leads to beta-arrestin binding and internalization. In this study the kinetics of phosphorylation of the third intracellular loop PKA site Ser262 and the putative C-tail GRK sites Ser355, Ser356 of the @entity1 @entity2162 overexpressed in @entity1 embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were characterized using @entity8283 -specific antibodies. Specificity of the antibodies was shown by their lack of reactivity with mutant beta2ARs lacking the respective sites. In addition, overexpression of @entity437 and @entity47644 increased basal levels of phosphorylation of the GRK sites Ser355, Ser356 in both COS-7 and HEK 293 cells. @entity1425 , @entity5015 , and @entity1928 at maximum concentrations stimulated phosphorylation of the @entity2162 PKA site (Ser262) by 4-fold, whereas PMA stimulated it by 2-fold. @entity1425 stimulated PKA site phosphorylation with an EC50 of 20 to 40 pM. In contrast, @entity1425 stimulated GRK site phosphorylation (Ser355,Ser356) with an EC50 of 200 nM (1-min treatments), which is more than 4000-fold higher relative to PKA site phosphorylation, consistent with an occupancy-driven process. After 10 to 30 min, the EC50 for @entity1425 stimulation of GRK site phosphorylation was reduced to 10 to 20 nM but was still approximately 200-fold greater than for the PKA site. The EC50 for internalization correlated with GRK site phosphorylation and showed a similar shift with time of @entity1425 stimulation. The kinetics of @entity1425 -stimulated GRK site phosphorylation were not altered in a mutant of the @entity2162 lacking the PKA consensus sites. The initial levels (2 min) of a range of agonist-stimulated GRK site phosphorylations were correlated with their efficacy for activation of adenylyl cyclase, namely @entity1425 > or = @entity6410 = @entity7284 > @entity4183 = @entity42828 = @entity3045 > @entity10453 > @entity452 > or = @entity6358 . However, after 20 to 30 min of treatment, agonists with intermediate strengths, such as @entity3045 and @entity10453 , stimulate GRK site phosphorylations that are approximately equal to that produced by @entity1425 , and the correlation breaks down. The GRK and PKA site antibodies were also effective in detecting phosphorylation of the endogenous @entity2162 expressed in A431 @entity1 @entity957 cells. To summarize, our results show a remarkable amplification of PKA site phosphorylation relative to the putative GRK site phosphorylation, heterologous stimulation of the PKA site phosphorylation, no dependence of GRK site phosphorylation on PKA sites, and a reasonable correlation of initial levels of GRK site phosphorylation with the strength of a range of agonists.

title: Characterization of agonist stimulation of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase and G protein-coupled receptor kinase phosphorylation of the XXXX using @entity8283 -specific antibodies.

answer: @entity2162 :: (154,Gene) :: ['beta2-adrenergic receptor']


abstract: Agonist-stimulated desensitization of the @entity2162 ( @entity2162 ) is caused by both a potent @entity268 -dependent protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation and a less potent, occupancy-dependent, G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-mediated phosphorylation that leads to beta-arrestin binding and internalization. In this study the kinetics of phosphorylation of the third intracellular loop PKA site Ser262 and the putative C-tail GRK sites Ser355, Ser356 of the @entity1 @entity2162 overexpressed in @entity1 embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were characterized using @entity8283 -specific antibodies. Specificity of the antibodies was shown by their lack of reactivity with mutant beta2ARs lacking the respective sites. In addition, overexpression of @entity437 and @entity47644 increased basal levels of phosphorylation of the GRK sites Ser355, Ser356 in both COS-7 and HEK 293 cells. @entity1425 , @entity5015 , and @entity1928 at maximum concentrations stimulated phosphorylation of the @entity2162 PKA site (Ser262) by 4-fold, whereas PMA stimulated it by 2-fold. @entity1425 stimulated PKA site phosphorylation with an EC50 of 20 to 40 pM. In contrast, @entity1425 stimulated GRK site phosphorylation (Ser355,Ser356) with an EC50 of 200 nM (1-min treatments), which is more than 4000-fold higher relative to PKA site phosphorylation, consistent with an occupancy-driven process. After 10 to 30 min, the EC50 for @entity1425 stimulation of GRK site phosphorylation was reduced to 10 to 20 nM but was still approximately 200-fold greater than for the PKA site. The EC50 for internalization correlated with GRK site phosphorylation and showed a similar shift with time of @entity1425 stimulation. The kinetics of @entity1425 -stimulated GRK site phosphorylation were not altered in a mutant of the @entity2162 lacking the PKA consensus sites. The initial levels (2 min) of a range of agonist-stimulated GRK site phosphorylations were correlated with their efficacy for activation of adenylyl cyclase, namely @entity1425 > or = @entity6410 = @entity7284 > @entity4183 = @entity42828 = @entity3045 > @entity10453 > @entity452 > or = @entity6358 . However, after 20 to 30 min of treatment, agonists with intermediate strengths, such as @entity3045 and @entity10453 , stimulate GRK site phosphorylations that are approximately equal to that produced by @entity1425 , and the correlation breaks down. The GRK and PKA site antibodies were also effective in detecting phosphorylation of the endogenous @entity2162 expressed in A431 @entity1 @entity957 cells. To summarize, our results show a remarkable amplification of PKA site phosphorylation relative to the putative GRK site phosphorylation, heterologous stimulation of the PKA site phosphorylation, no dependence of GRK site phosphorylation on PKA sites, and a reasonable correlation of initial levels of GRK site phosphorylation with the strength of a range of agonists.

title: Characterization of agonist stimulation of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase and G protein-coupled receptor kinase phosphorylation of the @entity2162 using XXXX -specific antibodies.

answer: @entity8283 :: (CHEBI:15811,Chemical) :: ['phosphoserine']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Spinal somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs), elicited by mixed nerve and dermatomal stimulation, and compound evoked muscle potentials (CMAPs), elicited by lower thoracic interspinous space stimulation, were recorded in @entity35 that underwent single nerve root transection. OBJECTIVES: To investigate and compare the effects of single nerve root transection using various electrophysiological models and to define a monitoring strategy that can easily and accurately predict compromise caused by a single lumbosacral nerve @entity130 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Neuromonitoring is an important and effective preventive measure against @entity16 during spinal surgery, but monitoring the @entity614 is not well established. METHODS: @entity35 received (Group I) a sham operation or had the (Group II) left L4, (Group III) L5, or (Group IV) L6 nerve root transected. SSEP were recorded at the thoracolumbar junction following stimulation of the sciatic nerve (M-SSEP) and the L5 dermatome (D-SSEP). CMAP was recorded at the intrinsic muscles of the foot by electrical stimulation in the lower thoracic spinal cord. Potentials recorded before and after a single nerve root transection were compared and correlated with clinical status by walking-track analysis 1 week later. RESULTS: Relative amplitudes in Group II were 54.1% (M-SSEP), 84.6% (D-SSEP), and 85.5% (CMAP); 25.2% (M-SSEP), 66.5% (D-SSEP), and 85.8% (CMAP) in Group III; and 66.5% (M-SSEP), 95.5% (D-SSEP), and 23.2% (CMAP) in Group IV. M-SSEP is sensitive but not specific to single nerve @entity130 . D-SSEP and CMAP are less sensitive but more specific. CONCLUSIONS: Injury to a single lumbosacral nerve root is diagnosed more easily with M-SSEP. With D-SSEP and CMAP, it was possible to differentiate the lesioned nerve root by stimulating the primary dermatome or recording from the innervated muscle. M-SSEP is an easy-sampling and appropriate tool for screening nerve @entity130 ; its poor specificity may be overcome by using D-SSEP and CMAP in addition. Optimal monitoring of the @entity614 during lumbar spinal surgery requires the administration of M-SSEP, D-SSEP, and CMAP to provide independent verification of lumbosacral nerve root integrity and to allow detection of the occasional injuries that selectively affect either the sensory or motor system.

title: The effects from lumbar nerve root transection in XXXX on spinal somatosensory and motor-evoked potentials.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral nerve roots']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['root injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity38974 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity644 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity8 associated with the use of @entity38974 has not been described in detail. METHODS: We analyzed renal biopsy findings from 10 @entity1 with @entity309 and concomitant @entity38974 -induced @entity8 . Each @entity1 was followed up until @entity644 had resolved. RESULTS: @entity644 appeared 2-11 months after the initiation of the treatment with @entity38974 . Nine @entity1 , who stopped @entity38974 treatment immediately (within 3 months) after the onset of @entity644 , were diagnosed as having stage I @entity8 . Only one @entity1 , who used @entity38974 for 9.5 months after the onset of @entity644 , was diagnosed as having @entity703 . In all @entity1 with stage I @entity8 , the @entity644 disappeared within 7 months after they stopped @entity38974 treatment. On the other hand, in the @entity1 with @entity703 , the @entity644 persisted for 14 months after the use of @entity38974 was stopped. In all the @entity1 , the @entity644 resolved completely without @entity177 . None of the @entity1 has experienced recurrence of @entity644 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity644 induced by treatment with @entity38974 , @entity8 is the most common disorder. Immediate withdrawal of @entity38974 results in prompt and complete resolution of @entity644 without @entity177 . @entity38974 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity644 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity8 associated with the use of @entity38974 has not been described in detail.

title: Clinical course of @entity38974 -induced XXXX in @entity1 with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity38974 :: ('MESH:C026535', 'Chemical') :: ['bucillamine', 'Bucillamine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of renal function']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['stage II membranous nephropathy']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity38974 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity644 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity8 associated with the use of @entity38974 has not been described in detail. METHODS: We analyzed renal biopsy findings from 10 @entity1 with @entity309 and concomitant @entity38974 -induced @entity8 . Each @entity1 was followed up until @entity644 had resolved. RESULTS: @entity644 appeared 2-11 months after the initiation of the treatment with @entity38974 . Nine @entity1 , who stopped @entity38974 treatment immediately (within 3 months) after the onset of @entity644 , were diagnosed as having stage I @entity8 . Only one @entity1 , who used @entity38974 for 9.5 months after the onset of @entity644 , was diagnosed as having @entity703 . In all @entity1 with stage I @entity8 , the @entity644 disappeared within 7 months after they stopped @entity38974 treatment. On the other hand, in the @entity1 with @entity703 , the @entity644 persisted for 14 months after the use of @entity38974 was stopped. In all the @entity1 , the @entity644 resolved completely without @entity177 . None of the @entity1 has experienced recurrence of @entity644 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity644 induced by treatment with @entity38974 , @entity8 is the most common disorder. Immediate withdrawal of @entity38974 results in prompt and complete resolution of @entity644 without @entity177 . @entity38974 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity644 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity8 associated with the use of @entity38974 has not been described in detail.

title: Clinical course of @entity38974 -induced @entity8 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity38974 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity644 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity8 associated with the use of @entity38974 has not been described in detail. METHODS: We analyzed renal biopsy findings from 10 @entity1 with @entity309 and concomitant @entity38974 -induced @entity8 . Each @entity1 was followed up until @entity644 had resolved. RESULTS: @entity644 appeared 2-11 months after the initiation of the treatment with @entity38974 . Nine @entity1 , who stopped @entity38974 treatment immediately (within 3 months) after the onset of @entity644 , were diagnosed as having stage I @entity8 . Only one @entity1 , who used @entity38974 for 9.5 months after the onset of @entity644 , was diagnosed as having @entity703 . In all @entity1 with stage I @entity8 , the @entity644 disappeared within 7 months after they stopped @entity38974 treatment. On the other hand, in the @entity1 with @entity703 , the @entity644 persisted for 14 months after the use of @entity38974 was stopped. In all the @entity1 , the @entity644 resolved completely without @entity177 . None of the @entity1 has experienced recurrence of @entity644 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity644 induced by treatment with @entity38974 , @entity8 is the most common disorder. Immediate withdrawal of @entity38974 results in prompt and complete resolution of @entity644 without @entity177 . @entity38974 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity644 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity8 associated with the use of @entity38974 has not been described in detail.

title: Clinical course of XXXX -induced @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity309 .

answer: @entity38974 :: (MESH:C026535,Chemical) :: ['bucillamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity38974 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity644 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity8 associated with the use of @entity38974 has not been described in detail. METHODS: We analyzed renal biopsy findings from 10 @entity1 with @entity309 and concomitant @entity38974 -induced @entity8 . Each @entity1 was followed up until @entity644 had resolved. RESULTS: @entity644 appeared 2-11 months after the initiation of the treatment with @entity38974 . Nine @entity1 , who stopped @entity38974 treatment immediately (within 3 months) after the onset of @entity644 , were diagnosed as having stage I @entity8 . Only one @entity1 , who used @entity38974 for 9.5 months after the onset of @entity644 , was diagnosed as having @entity703 . In all @entity1 with stage I @entity8 , the @entity644 disappeared within 7 months after they stopped @entity38974 treatment. On the other hand, in the @entity1 with @entity703 , the @entity644 persisted for 14 months after the use of @entity38974 was stopped. In all the @entity1 , the @entity644 resolved completely without @entity177 . None of the @entity1 has experienced recurrence of @entity644 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity644 induced by treatment with @entity38974 , @entity8 is the most common disorder. Immediate withdrawal of @entity38974 results in prompt and complete resolution of @entity644 without @entity177 . @entity38974 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity644 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity8 associated with the use of @entity38974 has not been described in detail.

title: Clinical course of @entity38974 -induced @entity8 in XXXX with @entity309 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Beta adrenoceptor density, measured by radioligand binding techniques, is reportedly much higher in atrial than in ventricular myocardium of @entity1 with @entity339 . In the present study adenylate cyclase activity, both basal and in response to beta adrenergic agonists and @entity3163 , in biopsy preparations from these same @entity1 was significantly lower in atrial than in ventricular tissue when stimulated with either @entity3044 , @entity1063 , @entity3044 combined with @entity4183 , or @entity3163 . @entity4183 stimulated and basal adenylate cyclase activity was not significantly different in the two cardiac regions. The ratios of receptor density to @entity3044 stimulated and to @entity3163 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity were 4-5 times higher in atrial than in ventricular biopsy specimens. Thus ventricular beta receptors, although present in comparatively low concentrations, are coupled to considerably more catalytic moieties of the receptor-adenylate cyclase complex than their atrial counterparts. The reason for this is probably a relative lack of coupling proteins (N components) in atrial tissue. A weak positive correlation between receptor density and @entity3044 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was found in atrial but not in ventricular tissue. This may indicate individual variation in receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling. Furthermore, no correlation was found between atrial and ventricular values for any variable. One reason for this may be the different haemodynamic stresses in the two cardiac chambers.

title: Beta adrenoceptor density and adenylate cyclase response in right atrial and left ventricular myocardium of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline', 'Terbutaline']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral valve disease']


abstract: Beta adrenoceptor density, measured by radioligand binding techniques, is reportedly much higher in atrial than in ventricular myocardium of @entity1 with @entity339 . In the present study adenylate cyclase activity, both basal and in response to beta adrenergic agonists and @entity3163 , in biopsy preparations from these same @entity1 was significantly lower in atrial than in ventricular tissue when stimulated with either @entity3044 , @entity1063 , @entity3044 combined with @entity4183 , or @entity3163 . @entity4183 stimulated and basal adenylate cyclase activity was not significantly different in the two cardiac regions. The ratios of receptor density to @entity3044 stimulated and to @entity3163 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity were 4-5 times higher in atrial than in ventricular biopsy specimens. Thus ventricular beta receptors, although present in comparatively low concentrations, are coupled to considerably more catalytic moieties of the receptor-adenylate cyclase complex than their atrial counterparts. The reason for this is probably a relative lack of coupling proteins (N components) in atrial tissue. A weak positive correlation between receptor density and @entity3044 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was found in atrial but not in ventricular tissue. This may indicate individual variation in receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling. Furthermore, no correlation was found between atrial and ventricular values for any variable. One reason for this may be the different haemodynamic stresses in the two cardiac chambers.

title: Beta adrenoceptor density and adenylate cyclase response in right atrial and left ventricular myocardium of XXXX with @entity339 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Podocyte injury may induce podocyte proliferation, which results in @entity8 . The cellular lesion, seen in some @entity1 with primary @entity628 ( @entity628 ), is characterized by proliferation of cells covering the @entity3808 or collapsed glomerular tufts. Cell-cycle mechanisms by which podocyte proliferation occurs in the cellular lesion of @entity628 are unclear. METHODS: We examined expression patterns of @entity4910 ; cyclin E; @entity7596 ; @entity8189 ; cyclin-dependent kinase ( @entity15308 ; @entity8985 ; such CDK inhibitors as @entity994 ( @entity994 ), @entity13525 ( @entity13525 ), and @entity8755 ( @entity8755 ); and @entity3969 ( @entity3969 ) in 12 renal biopsy specimens with the cellular lesion of @entity628 and 6 renal biopsy specimens with no detectable abnormalities by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression patterns of @entity4910 , cyclin E, @entity994 , @entity13525 , and @entity8755 were evaluated further by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: In controls, immunostaining for @entity7596 , @entity8189 , @entity15308 , @entity8985 , and @entity994 was almost negligible, but positive signals for @entity4910 , cyclin E, @entity13525 , and @entity8755 were observed in glomerular epithelial cells (GECs). In the cellular lesion of @entity628 , positive signals for cyclin E, @entity7596 , @entity8189 , @entity15308 , and @entity994 were present in GEC nuclei, in which @entity3969 , @entity13525 , @entity8755 , and @entity4910 were undetected. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that cyclin E-, @entity15308 -, and @entity994 -specific gold particles were increased significantly in GEC nuclei in the cellular lesion in which cyclin D- and @entity8755 -specific particles were absent compared with controls. An in situ hybridization study showed specific signals of @entity4910 , cyclin E, @entity994 , @entity13525 , and @entity8755 mRNA in GECs forming the cellular lesion of @entity628 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that damaged podocytes may inhibit @entity13525 and @entity8755 protein expression, but activate a @entity4910 -independent cell-cycle mechanism and mitotic cell cyclins to promote GEC proliferation in the cellular lesion of @entity628 .

title: Cell-cycle mechanisms involved in podocyte proliferation in cellular lesion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular scarring']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['WT-1', "Wilms' tumor protein-1"]

answer: @entity628 :: (MESH:D005923,Disease) :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: All of the known pathways for metabolizing the phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.10) products of @entity7425 metabolism eventually lead to @entity70872 and products that are hydrolyzed by @entity8580 1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.25). That enzyme is inhibited by @entity1091 (Ki about 1 mM). In animals treated with @entity4113 , elevations of @entity11046 (1-IP) occur in brain that appear to result from endogenous neural activity for they are diminished by the anesthetics @entity1508 and @entity4485 . @entity1091 is thus a useful tool for assessing endogenous in vivo cerebral @entity7425 metabolism. The 1-IP elevation is also useful for revealing in vivo central nervous system (CNS) receptor activity that is stimulated by endogenous or exogenous processes such as the effects of centrally acting drugs and of @entity410 . Stimulation of the CNS in the presence of @entity1091 causes @entity8580 to be sequestered in 1-IP in proportion to the amount of stimulation. Thus if the @entity8580 level falls sufficiently resynthesis of the @entity4357 may be compromised and receptor response to stimuli may be reduced. Evidence for such an occurrence would support the theory that this is one mechanism by which @entity1091 acts in the therapy of @entity13521 . We extended our efforts to identify such a lowering of @entity7425 levels to @entity19 where cerebral metabolism can be halted more rapidly than in @entity35 . However, the only change detected was a small elevation in @entity1076 . We were successful, however, in causing all of the @entity4357 to be reduced in @entity35 cerebral cortex by @entity2134 stimulation after @entity1091 treatment, a procedure that causes @entity410 . The same procedure causes the largest reduction in cortical @entity8580 levels that we have observed, and thus may represent the point where the @entity8580 decrement is sufficient to interfere with resynthesis of the lipids.

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity7425 metabolism in vivo.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-inositol', 'inositol']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity7425 :: ('CHEBI:18179', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositide']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositides']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity70872 :: ('CHEBI:25446', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-inositol monophosphates']

entities_list: @entity1076 :: ('MESH:C037178', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

entities_list: @entity11046 :: ('MESH:C002647', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-inositol 1-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity13521 :: ('MESH:C564108', 'Disease') :: ['manic illness']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: All of the known pathways for metabolizing the phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.10) products of @entity7425 metabolism eventually lead to @entity70872 and products that are hydrolyzed by @entity8580 1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.25). That enzyme is inhibited by @entity1091 (Ki about 1 mM). In animals treated with @entity4113 , elevations of @entity11046 (1-IP) occur in brain that appear to result from endogenous neural activity for they are diminished by the anesthetics @entity1508 and @entity4485 . @entity1091 is thus a useful tool for assessing endogenous in vivo cerebral @entity7425 metabolism. The 1-IP elevation is also useful for revealing in vivo central nervous system (CNS) receptor activity that is stimulated by endogenous or exogenous processes such as the effects of centrally acting drugs and of @entity410 . Stimulation of the CNS in the presence of @entity1091 causes @entity8580 to be sequestered in 1-IP in proportion to the amount of stimulation. Thus if the @entity8580 level falls sufficiently resynthesis of the @entity4357 may be compromised and receptor response to stimuli may be reduced. Evidence for such an occurrence would support the theory that this is one mechanism by which @entity1091 acts in the therapy of @entity13521 . We extended our efforts to identify such a lowering of @entity7425 levels to @entity19 where cerebral metabolism can be halted more rapidly than in @entity35 . However, the only change detected was a small elevation in @entity1076 . We were successful, however, in causing all of the @entity4357 to be reduced in @entity35 cerebral cortex by @entity2134 stimulation after @entity1091 treatment, a procedure that causes @entity410 . The same procedure causes the largest reduction in cortical @entity8580 levels that we have observed, and thus may represent the point where the @entity8580 decrement is sufficient to interfere with resynthesis of the lipids.

title: Effects of @entity1091 on XXXX metabolism in vivo.

answer: @entity7425 :: (CHEBI:18179,Chemical) :: ['phosphoinositide']