abstract: Thin-sheet laser imaging microscopy (TSLIM) was used to serially section five whole cochleas from 4-wk-old CBA/JCr @entity19 . Three-dimensional reconstructions of Rosenthal's canal (RC) were produced in order to measure canal length and volume, to generate orthogonal cross sections for area measurements, and to determine @entity528 . RC length averaged 2.0  mm      0.04 (SEM) as measured along the centroid of the canal compared to an average basilar membrane (BM) length of 5.9      0.05 (SEM). RC volume averaged 0.036  mm(3)      0.009 (SEM). Significant increases in the radial area of RC were observed at the base (13%), middle (62%), and apex (90%) of its length. The total number of @entity528 ( @entity528 ) in RC in each of the five animals averaged 8626      96 (SEM). SGN number increased at the expanded regions of RC. Increased area and cell number at the base and apex are likely related to extensions of the organ of Corti past the length of RC in these areas. The increase in area and cell number in the middle of the RC appears to be related to the most sensitive frequency region of the organ of Corti. Volume imaging or tomography of the cochlea as provided by TSLIM has the potential to be an efficient and accurate semi-automated method for the quantitative assessment of the number of @entity528 and hair cells of the organ of Corti.

title: TSLIM imaging and a morphometric analysis of the XXXX spiral ganglion.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) number', 'SGNs', 'spiral ganglion neurons']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of @entity14901 in bone development and postnatal bone formation. METHODS: @entity15137 -Cre @entity19 were bred with @entity14901 (fx/fx) @entity19 to produce chondrocyte-specific @entity14901 conditional knockout (cKO) @entity19 . Embryonic skeletal preparation and staining were performed, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and relative gene expression were examined in isolated primary cells. @entity14901 (fx/fx) @entity19 were also bred with @entity8334 -Cre @entity19 to produce osteoblast-specific @entity14901 cKO @entity19 . Postnatal bone formation was assessed by micro-computed tomography ( CT) and histological analyses in 2-month-old @entity19 . Mineralized bone nodule formation assay, @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) labeling and gene expression analysis were performed. RESULTS: @entity19 with chondrocyte- and osteoblast-specific deletion of the @entity14901 gene are viable and fertile. Calvarial bone development was delayed in chondrocyte-specific @entity14901 cKO @entity19 . In osteoblast-specific @entity14901 cKO @entity19 , BMP signaling was partially inhibited and @entity19 developed an @entity6092 phenotype. Osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were impaired in osteoblast-specific @entity14901 cKO @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity14901 plays an essential role in bone development and postnatal bone formation.

title: XXXX plays an essential role in bone development and postnatal bone formation.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine"]

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

answer: @entity14901 :: (17125(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Smad1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report 3-year results of the safety and efficacy of canaloplasty, a procedure involving circumferential viscodilation and tensioning of the inner wall of Schlemm canal to treat @entity1538 . SETTING: Multicenter surgical sites. DESIGN: Nonrandomized multicenter clinical trial. METHODS: This study comprised adult @entity1538 @entity1 having canaloplasty or combined @entity231 -canaloplasty surgery. Qualifying preoperative intraocular pressures (IOPs) were at least 16 mm Hg with historical IOPs of at least 21 mm Hg. A flexible microcatheter was used to viscodilate the full circumference of the canal and to place a trabecular tensioning suture. Primary outcome measures included IOP, @entity726 medication use, and adverse events. RESULTS: Three years postoperatively, all study eyes (n = 157) had a mean IOP of 15.2 mm Hg    3.5 (SD) and mean @entity726 medication use of 0.8    0.9 compared with a baseline IOP of 23.8    5.0 mm Hg on 1.8    0.9 medications. Eyes with combined @entity231 -canaloplasty surgery had a mean IOP of 13.6    3.6 mm Hg on 0.3    0.5 medications compared with a baseline IOP of 23.5    5.2 mm Hg on 1.5    1.0 medications. Intraocular pressure and medication use results in all eyes were significantly decreased from baseline at every time point (P<.001). Late postoperative complications included @entity231 (12.7%), transient IOP elevation (6.4%), and partial suture extrusion through the trabecular meshwork (0.6%). CONCLUSION: Canaloplasty led to a significant and sustained IOP reduction in adult @entity1 with @entity1538 and had an excellent short- and long-term postoperative safety profile. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Additional disclosures are found in the footnotes.

title: Canaloplasty: Three-year results of circumferential viscodilation and tensioning of Schlemm canal using a microcatheter to treat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: The classification of follicular @entity259 requires surgical resection for histologic evaluation of @entity5 . Because variable clinical behavior exists, genomic expression profiling may lead to the identification of novel markers that facilitate better biologic classification. We performed for the first time gene expression analysis on clinically @entity146 ( @entity189 ) from @entity1 for whom long-term follow-up data were available. We examined matched fresh-frozen tissue from 15 histopathologically diagnosed @entity189 (7 @entity1 with documented distant @entity3 and/or death from disease and 8 @entity1 without recurrence). For categorical comparison, we analyzed 4 @entity652 ( @entity652 ). The biologic control comprised 11 normal thyroid tissue specimens. High-quality RNA was extracted from the tissues, labeled, and hybridized to an Affymetrix (Santa Clara, CA) oligonucleotide microarray (HG-U133A). With the exceptions of 1 follicular @entity2513 , unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis revealed 2 distinct groups--one containing normal thyroid tissue and @entity652 and another containing @entity189 . We identified 421 genes that were differentially expressed between histologically normal thyroid tissues and all @entity5 (P < 0.01; fold-change >2), 94 genes that distinguished @entity189 from @entity652 (including @entity4938 and @entity25261 ), and 4 genes that @entity146 from @entity189 ( @entity21510 , @entity34548 , @entity73036 , and @entity73037 ). Comparative genomic groupings identified differentially expressed genes that may lead to better classification of follicular @entity259 . Such genes may be used in future prospective validation studies to establish clinically useful and complementary diagnostic markers.

title: Differential gene expression profiling of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive and nonaggressive follicular carcinomas', 'distinguished aggressive follicular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['follicular neoplasms', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nonaggressive follicular carcinomas', 'follicular carcinomas', 'FCs']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['follicular adenomas', 'FAs']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma and 1 follicular carcinoma']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive and nonaggressive follicular carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suicide rates are high in elderly @entity1 with @entity308 . We compared behavioural, clinical and care characteristics of @entity308 elderly @entity1 , aged 60years and over at the time of @entity204 by suicide, with an early-onset @entity308 (EOD, onset before 60years) with those @entity1 with a late age of onset (LOD). METHOD: From a 10-year national clinical survey of all suicides in England and Wales (n=13066) we identified 549 LOD cases, and 290 EOD cases. EOD and LOD cases were compared by logistic regression adjusted for age at suicide. RESULTS: Method of suicide did not differ by age of onset of @entity308 . LOD cases were significantly less likely to have a history of @entity146 admissions (OR=0.2 [0.1-0.3]), @entity167 misuse (OR=0.6 [0.4-0.9]) and self-harm (0.6 [0.4-0.8]). LOD cases also had a lower prevalence of a @entity146 co-morbid diagnosis (0.6 [0.4-0.7]) and a lower prescription rate for psychotropic drugs other than antidepressants. Furthermore, the number of recent life-events was significantly higher (OR=1.4 [1.0-1.9]) in LOD while the frequency of recent self-harm was similar to EOD. CONCLUSION: Although our study suggests that psychopathology of suicide among elderly @entity308 @entity1 differs between EOD and LOD, the final pathway (via recent self-harm) to suicide may be similar in up to a quarter of @entity1 in both groups. Our results suggest that strategies to enhance coping abilities and provision of support to negate the effects of life-events might be especially important in the prevention of suicide in LOD.

title: Suicide in later life: a comparison between cases with early-onset and late-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate circulating pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP(1-108)) in the general community and evaluate its ability to detect left @entity67 . BACKGROUND: The current concept for cardiac endocrine function is that, in response to cardiac stress, the heart secretes B-type natriuretic peptide ( @entity3876 (1-32)) and @entity1472 -terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP(1-76)) after intracardiac cleavage of their molecular precursor, proBNP(1-108). We hypothesized that proBNP(1-108) circulates in normal @entity1 subjects and that it is a useful biomarker for @entity1002 . METHODS: Our population-based study included a cohort of 1,939 adults (age >= 45 years) from Olmsted County, Minnesota, with 672 @entity1 defined as healthy. Subjects underwent in-depth clinical characterization, detailed echocardiography, and measurement of proBNP(1-108). Independent factors associated with proBNP(1-108) and test characteristics for the detection of @entity1002 were determined. RESULTS: ProBNP(1-108) in normal @entity1 was strongly influenced by sex, age, heart rate, and body mass index. The median concentration was 20 ng/l with a mean proBNP(1-108) to NT-proBNP(1-76) ratio of 0.366, which decreased with @entity712 stage. ProBNP(1-108) was a sensitive (78.8%) and specific (86.1%) biomarker for detecting LV @entity299 , which was comparable to @entity3876 (1-32), but less than NT-proBNP(1-76), in several subsets of the population. CONCLUSIONS: ProBNP(1-108) circulates in the majority of healthy @entity1 in the general population and is a sensitive and specific biomarker for the detection of @entity299 . The proBNP(1-108) to NT-proBNP(1-76) ratio may provide insights into altered proBNP(1-108) processing during @entity712 progression. Thus, this highly specific assay for proBNP(1-108) provides important new insights into the biology of the @entity3876 system.

title: Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(1-108) circulates in the general community: plasma determinants and detection of left XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular (LV) dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To investigate the role of the @entity15143 ( @entity15143 ) in bones' responses to loading, we analysed changes in multiple measures of bone architecture in tibias subjected to loading or disuse in male and female @entity19 with the @entity15143 loss of function mutation ( @entity15143 (-/-)) or heterozygous for the @entity15143 @entity73038 High Bone Mass (HBM) mutation ( @entity15143 (HBM+)). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The right tibias of these 17week old male and female @entity19 and their @entity164 ( @entity164 ) littermates were subjected to short periods of loading three days a week for two weeks. Each tibia was loaded for 40 cycles, to produce peak strains at the midshaft within the low, medium or high physiological range (~1500, 2400 and 3000 microstrain, respectively). In similar groups of @entity19 the right sciatic nerve was severed causing disuse of the right tibia for 3weeks. Data from microCT of loaded, neurectomised and contra-lateral control tibias were analysed to quantify changes in the cortical and cancellous regions of the bone in the absence of functional strains and in response to graded strains in addition to those derived from function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Male @entity164 (+/+) controls showed significant strain:response curves for cortical area and trabecular thickness, but @entity15143 (-/-) @entity19 showed no detectable strain:response in those same outcomes. Female @entity19 of either @entity164 (+/+) or @entity15143 (-/-) genotype did not show significant strain:response curves for cortical or trabecular parameters, the one exception being Tb.Th in @entity15143 (-/-) @entity19 . Since female @entity164 (+/+) @entity19 did not respond to loading in a significant dose:responsive manner, the similar lack of responsiveness of the @entity15143 (-/-) females could not be ascribed to their @entity15143 status. Cortical @entity604 associated with disuse showed no differences between @entity15143 (-/-) @entity19 and @entity164 (+/+) controls, but in cancellous bone of both male and females of these @entity19 , there was a greater loss than in @entity164 (+/+) controls. In contrast, the tibias of male and female @entity19 heterozygous for the @entity15143 @entity73038 HBM mutation showed greater osteogenic responsiveness to loading and less @entity604 associated with disuse than their @entity164 (HBM-) controls. These data indicate that the presence of the @entity15143 @entity73038 HBM mutation is associated with an increased osteogenic response to loading but support only a marginal gender-related role for normal @entity15143 function in this loading-related response.

title: Analysis of multiple bone responses to graded strains above functional levels, and to disuse, in @entity19 in vivo show that the human Lrp5 XXXX High Bone Mass mutation increases the osteogenic response to loading but that lack of Lrp5 activity reduces it.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity15143 :: ('16973(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Lrp5', 'low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5']

answer: @entity73038 :: (p|SUB|G|171|V,ProteinMutation) :: ['G171V']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To investigate the role of the @entity15143 ( @entity15143 ) in bones' responses to loading, we analysed changes in multiple measures of bone architecture in tibias subjected to loading or disuse in male and female @entity19 with the @entity15143 loss of function mutation ( @entity15143 (-/-)) or heterozygous for the @entity15143 @entity73038 High Bone Mass (HBM) mutation ( @entity15143 (HBM+)). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The right tibias of these 17week old male and female @entity19 and their @entity164 ( @entity164 ) littermates were subjected to short periods of loading three days a week for two weeks. Each tibia was loaded for 40 cycles, to produce peak strains at the midshaft within the low, medium or high physiological range (~1500, 2400 and 3000 microstrain, respectively). In similar groups of @entity19 the right sciatic nerve was severed causing disuse of the right tibia for 3weeks. Data from microCT of loaded, neurectomised and contra-lateral control tibias were analysed to quantify changes in the cortical and cancellous regions of the bone in the absence of functional strains and in response to graded strains in addition to those derived from function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Male @entity164 (+/+) controls showed significant strain:response curves for cortical area and trabecular thickness, but @entity15143 (-/-) @entity19 showed no detectable strain:response in those same outcomes. Female @entity19 of either @entity164 (+/+) or @entity15143 (-/-) genotype did not show significant strain:response curves for cortical or trabecular parameters, the one exception being Tb.Th in @entity15143 (-/-) @entity19 . Since female @entity164 (+/+) @entity19 did not respond to loading in a significant dose:responsive manner, the similar lack of responsiveness of the @entity15143 (-/-) females could not be ascribed to their @entity15143 status. Cortical @entity604 associated with disuse showed no differences between @entity15143 (-/-) @entity19 and @entity164 (+/+) controls, but in cancellous bone of both male and females of these @entity19 , there was a greater loss than in @entity164 (+/+) controls. In contrast, the tibias of male and female @entity19 heterozygous for the @entity15143 @entity73038 HBM mutation showed greater osteogenic responsiveness to loading and less @entity604 associated with disuse than their @entity164 (HBM-) controls. These data indicate that the presence of the @entity15143 @entity73038 HBM mutation is associated with an increased osteogenic response to loading but support only a marginal gender-related role for normal @entity15143 function in this loading-related response.

title: Analysis of multiple bone responses to graded strains above functional levels, and to disuse, in XXXX in vivo show that the human Lrp5 @entity73038 High Bone Mass mutation increases the osteogenic response to loading but that lack of Lrp5 activity reduces it.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity2 remains the main leading @entity5 -related cause of @entity204 in the world. For early-stage @entity5 , surgery stands out as the best curative option offering the greatest chance for cure. Despite improvement of per- and postoperative management, surgery continues to carry a high morbidity with a significant mortality. Among @entity260 , @entity1576 ( @entity55 and @entity649 ) are currently the most frequent and serious, as well as being the primary cause of @entity204 , after a lung resection for @entity5 . Because infectious etiologies have been highly incriminated in the development of these @entity358 , microbial airways colonizations (AWCs) are supposed to be an essential first step in the pathogenesis of these failures occurring in hospitalized and chronically ill individuals. These @entity1 fulfill all the predisposing factors to bronchial colonizations and are particularly exposed to the development of @entity1576 in the postoperative setting, when secretion clearance and cough reflex are impaired. Under immunosuppressive conditions, AWC should act in a manner that increases its ability to stimulate microorganisms and increase the risks of superimposed @entity281 . Few studies have addressed the problem of AWCs in @entity1 submitted for @entity2 surgery. Because of several limitations, especially the lack of exhaustive microbiological studies, the conclusions that can be reached remain inconclusive. This review aims to report the existing literature on this critical and controversial issue, focusing on their specific incidence, their predisposing factors, their correlation with development of @entity1576 , and, in turn, the reliability of the current antibiotic prophylaxis for their prevention.

title: Airways colonizations in @entity1 undergoing XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failures']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death', 'death']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity2 remains the main leading @entity5 -related cause of @entity204 in the world. For early-stage @entity5 , surgery stands out as the best curative option offering the greatest chance for cure. Despite improvement of per- and postoperative management, surgery continues to carry a high morbidity with a significant mortality. Among @entity260 , @entity1576 ( @entity55 and @entity649 ) are currently the most frequent and serious, as well as being the primary cause of @entity204 , after a lung resection for @entity5 . Because infectious etiologies have been highly incriminated in the development of these @entity358 , microbial airways colonizations (AWCs) are supposed to be an essential first step in the pathogenesis of these failures occurring in hospitalized and chronically ill individuals. These @entity1 fulfill all the predisposing factors to bronchial colonizations and are particularly exposed to the development of @entity1576 in the postoperative setting, when secretion clearance and cough reflex are impaired. Under immunosuppressive conditions, AWC should act in a manner that increases its ability to stimulate microorganisms and increase the risks of superimposed @entity281 . Few studies have addressed the problem of AWCs in @entity1 submitted for @entity2 surgery. Because of several limitations, especially the lack of exhaustive microbiological studies, the conclusions that can be reached remain inconclusive. This review aims to report the existing literature on this critical and controversial issue, focusing on their specific incidence, their predisposing factors, their correlation with development of @entity1576 , and, in turn, the reliability of the current antibiotic prophylaxis for their prevention.

title: Airways colonizations in XXXX undergoing @entity2 surgery.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity420 is rapidly increasing and is now one of the leading causes of @entity5 death in the western world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein-encoding genes and are involved in the development, progression and prognosis of other @entity5 . We hypothesized that global miRNA expression would predict survival and lymph node involvement in a cohort of surgically resected @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: The miRNA analysis was performed using a custom Affymetrix microarray with probes for 462 known @entity1 , 2,102 predicted @entity1 , 357 @entity19 , and 238 @entity35 miRNAs. Expression of miRNA was evaluated in 45 @entity5 , and the association of miRNA expression with @entity1 survival and lymph node @entity3 was assessed. The prognostic impact of identified unique miRNAs was verified with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Our data indicate that the expression of individual @entity1 miRNA species is significantly associated with postresection @entity1 survival. Using data from five unique miRNAs, we were further able to generate a combined miRNA expression signature that is associated with @entity1 survival (p=0.005; hazard ratio 3.6) independent of node involvement and overall stage. The expression of three miRNAs ( @entity65105 and miR-199a_3p and _5p) was also associated with the presence of lymph node @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest miRNA expression profiling could provide prognostic utility in staging @entity5 @entity1 and treatment planning with endoscopic and neoadjuvant therapies. The alterations of specific miRNAs may further elucidate steps in the metastatic pathway and allow for development of targeted therapy.

title: MicroRNA prognostic signature for nodal metastases and survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['esophagus cancer', 'primary tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Strength testing is commonly used to determine the muscular strength of older individuals participating in a resistance training program. The purpose of this study was to non-invasively examine and compare the blood pressure (BP) and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) response of maximum and sub-maximum strength tests in older @entity1 . Twenty-four healthy @entity1 aged 70-80 yr were recruited for the study. @entity1 completed a 1 repetition maximum (RM) strength test and four days later a sub-maximum strength test on an incline squat. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure ( @entity11559 ) and @entity299 were measured by plethysmography during and immediately after the strength tests. SBP, @entity11559 and @entity299 were (P<0.001) higher during the 1RM and sub-maximum strength tests compared to resting values. Twenty seconds post 1RM, SBP and @entity299 were higher than resting values. Twenty seconds post sub-maximum strength testing SBP and @entity11559 were lower (P<0.02) and @entity299 (P<0.001) was higher than resting values. SBP, @entity11559 and @entity299 were higher (P<0.001) during sub-maximum strength testing compared to 1RM testing. Twenty seconds post testing, SBP and @entity11559 were @entity299 was higher (P<0.001) for the sub-maximum strength tests compared to the 1RM. The results of our study demonstrate that sub-maximum strength testing resulted in greater changes in BP and @entity299 compared to 1RM strength testing. The lower cardiovascular stress experienced during the 1RM shows that this may be a safer method of testing compared to sub-maximum strength testing in @entity1 aged 70-80 yr.

title: The blood pressure response of older XXXX to maximum and sub-maximum strength testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['lower (P<0.001) and HR', 'heart rate', 'HR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity1432 and @entity1520 levels are critical to maintaining the redox potential of a cell. Perturbations of these levels are important in disease pathogenesis. To improve endogenous @entity1 metabolome quantitation, @entity1432 specific tagging, extraction and relative quantitation were undertaken. Reduced and oxidized @entity1432 ( @entity1520 ) metabolites from endothelial cells were tagged and extracted using cleavable isotope coded affinity tags (cICAT). Extracted cICAT labeled @entity1433 were analyzed using capillary reverse phase liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (capLC-MS) with positive mode electrospray ionization. Reactions between @entity1432 metabolite standards and the reactive group of cICAT indicate completion by 8h at pH 9 with no apparent @entity1520 formation. cICAT labeled reduced @entity1433 from endothelial cells showed 1-5% RSD using ratiometric quantitation of isotopes and 6-17% RSD based on signal intensity alone. Sample injection was optimized to 16 pmol. Using high mass accuracy MS, 75 putative @entity1432 metabolites were detected in all experimental samples. Treatment of endothelial cells with @entity73039 (BQ) shows decreased levels in 28 putative reduced @entity1433 and increased levels of 27 putative @entity1525 . Treatment of endothelial cells with 30 mM @entity413 resulted in 22 putative reduced @entity1433 with decreased levels and 7 putative @entity1525 with increased concentration. @entity1433 were identified based on accurate mass within 3 ppm and analysis of fragmentation patterns. Using @entity4785 ( @entity4785 ), shared product ions between different @entity1433 led to the analysis of @entity1433 from the @entity462 - @entity2041 ( @entity2569 - @entity2197 ) pathway. Specific reduced @entity1433 and @entity1525 in this pathway revealed changes different from the overall trends of @entity1433 / @entity1525 . This suggests varying regulation of the @entity2569 - @entity2197 pathway distinct from other @entity1432 -containing pathways and dependence on the type of environmental stimulus. These results indicate the utility of analyzing reduced @entity1433 and @entity1525 in eukaryotic samples.

title: XXXX metabolomics of endothelial cells using capillary liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with isotope coded affinity tags.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1433 :: ('MESH:D013438', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiols', 'thiols']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['HCD', 'higher collision induced dissociation']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1432 :: ('CHEBI:29256', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiol', 'thiol']

entities_list: @entity73039 :: ('MESH:C109863', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity1525 :: ('MESH:D004220', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1432 :: (CHEBI:29256,Chemical) :: ['Thiol']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1791 is a common disease with multiple etiologies and risk factors. Studies suggest an increased incidence in developed nations in recent decades as well as differential geographic incidence and prevalence rates, and differences between the genders. We updated @entity1791 epidemiological data by examining the incidence and prevalence rates in a stable rural Wisconsin population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area database, a surveillance tool created in 1991 to track disease in residents of an area of 24 ZIP Codes including approximately 85,000 individuals, of whom most receive care at Marshfield Clinic and affiliates. @entity1791 cases were identified using ICD-9 codes. Incidence, prevalence and recurrence rates were determined. RESULTS: The mean age adjusted incidence of new onset @entity1791 per 100,000 @entity1 -years was 202 (95% CL 168-235) in 1992 and 289 (95% CL 253-325) in 2008. In @entity1 the increase per 100,000 @entity1 -years was higher than in @entity1 , that is 171 (95% CL 129-213) and 289 (95% CL 238-340) vs 238 (95% CL 184-290) and 296 (95% CL 244-348), respectively. The male-to-female incidence ratio decreased from 1.4 to 1.0. The age adjusted prevalence per 100,000 individuals was 1,968 (2%) and 3,554 (3.5%) in 1992 and 2008, respectively. The increase in @entity1 was higher than in @entity1 (52% vs 26%). The age adjusted recurrence rate per 100,000 individuals was 553 (0.72%) and 676 (1.0%) in 1992 and 2008, respectively. The increase in @entity1 was higher than in @entity1 (88% vs 20%). CONCLUSIONS: Since 1992, @entity1791 incidence, prevalence and recurrence rates in this rural Wisconsin population have increased with higher increases noted in @entity1 . While prevalence increased, it was lower than reported in other geographic areas in the United States.

title: XXXX in a rural Wisconsin population from 1992 to 2008: narrowing of the male-to-female ratio.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis', 'Urolithiasis']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['Urolithiasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiotherapy induced @entity3832 are often difficult to manage due to proximal location, compromised vascular supply and poor wound healing. To determine the success of urethroplasty for radiation induced strictures we performed a multi-institutional review of @entity1 who underwent urethroplasty for @entity11044 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 @entity1 (mean age 67 years) underwent urethroplasty at 3 separate institutions. Excision with primary @entity254 was used in 24 of 30 @entity1 (80%), with 4 of 30 requiring a genital fasciocutaneous skin flap and 2 a buccal graft. Hospitalization was less than 23 hours for 70% of the @entity1 . Recurrence was defined as cystoscopic identification of urethral narrowing to less than 16Fr in diameter. RESULTS: All strictures were located in the bulbomembranous region. Mean stricture length was 2.9 cm (range 1.5 to 7). External beam radiotherapy for @entity263 was the etiology of @entity850 in 15 @entity1 (50%), with brachytherapy in 7 (24%) and a combination of the 2 modalities in 8 (26%). Successful urethral reconstruction was achieved in 22 @entity1 (73%) at a mean of 21 months. Mean time to stricture recurrence was 5.1 months (range 2 to 8). Two @entity1 required @entity384 after stricture recurrence and none required urinary diversion. @entity322 was transient in 10% and persistent in 40%, with 13% requiring an artificial urinary sphincter. The rate of @entity323 was unchanged following urethroplasty (47% preoperative, 50% postoperative). CONCLUSIONS: Urethroplasty for radiation induced strictures has an acceptable rate of success and can be performed without tissue transfer techniques in most cases. Almost half of @entity1 will experience some degree of @entity322 as a result of surgery but erectile function appears to be preserved.

title: Urethroplasty for radiotherapy induced XXXX : a multi-institutional experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence', 'Incontinence']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral strictures']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture disease']

entities_list: @entity11044 :: ('MESH:D014524', 'Disease') :: ['urethral obstruction']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['bulbomembranous strictures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The current case-control study is the first to examine the relationship between @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and @entity23398 ( @entity23398 ) in pre- as well as postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to healthy matched controls. METHODS: Among 1422 @entity1 (premenopausal, n=238, postmenopausal, n=1184), @entity79 and @entity23398 were measured. In total, 541 of the @entity1 had an incident diagnosis of @entity0 (122 premenopausal, 419 postmenopausal) without prior @entity0 treatment. Because of significant intergroup differences in multiple risk factors, a matched-pair analysis (88 premenopausal and 402 postmenopausal @entity1 with and without @entity0 ) was performed. Additionally, a multiple linear regression analysis was undertaken, odds ratios were determined and subjects grouped according to quartiles of DXA and @entity23398 results. RESULTS: DXA results (except the L1-L4 Z-score) were significantly higher in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 even after a matched-pair analysis was performed (p<0.05). In premenopausal @entity1 , we observed no significant differences in DXA results between the groups. @entity23398 results in pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 were significantly higher compared with their matched controls (p<0.001 for all, except for speed of sound in premenopausal @entity1 , p<0.05). Odds ratios for @entity0 risk in the second, third and fourth quartiles compared with the lowest quartile were significantly different for a number of variables. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed significantly higher @entity79 irrespective of the method and site of measurement in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to controls, even after matching for possible confounders for the first time.

title: XXXX and @entity79 : the Marburg @entity0 and Osteoporosis Trial (MABOT II).

entities_list: @entity23398 :: ('OMIM:612306', 'Disease') :: ['quantitative ultrasonometry', 'QUS']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The current case-control study is the first to examine the relationship between @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and @entity23398 ( @entity23398 ) in pre- as well as postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to healthy matched controls. METHODS: Among 1422 @entity1 (premenopausal, n=238, postmenopausal, n=1184), @entity79 and @entity23398 were measured. In total, 541 of the @entity1 had an incident diagnosis of @entity0 (122 premenopausal, 419 postmenopausal) without prior @entity0 treatment. Because of significant intergroup differences in multiple risk factors, a matched-pair analysis (88 premenopausal and 402 postmenopausal @entity1 with and without @entity0 ) was performed. Additionally, a multiple linear regression analysis was undertaken, odds ratios were determined and subjects grouped according to quartiles of DXA and @entity23398 results. RESULTS: DXA results (except the L1-L4 Z-score) were significantly higher in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 even after a matched-pair analysis was performed (p<0.05). In premenopausal @entity1 , we observed no significant differences in DXA results between the groups. @entity23398 results in pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 were significantly higher compared with their matched controls (p<0.001 for all, except for speed of sound in premenopausal @entity1 , p<0.05). Odds ratios for @entity0 risk in the second, third and fourth quartiles compared with the lowest quartile were significantly different for a number of variables. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed significantly higher @entity79 irrespective of the method and site of measurement in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to controls, even after matching for possible confounders for the first time.

title: @entity0 and @entity79 : the Marburg XXXX and Osteoporosis Trial (MABOT II).

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The current case-control study is the first to examine the relationship between @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and @entity23398 ( @entity23398 ) in pre- as well as postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to healthy matched controls. METHODS: Among 1422 @entity1 (premenopausal, n=238, postmenopausal, n=1184), @entity79 and @entity23398 were measured. In total, 541 of the @entity1 had an incident diagnosis of @entity0 (122 premenopausal, 419 postmenopausal) without prior @entity0 treatment. Because of significant intergroup differences in multiple risk factors, a matched-pair analysis (88 premenopausal and 402 postmenopausal @entity1 with and without @entity0 ) was performed. Additionally, a multiple linear regression analysis was undertaken, odds ratios were determined and subjects grouped according to quartiles of DXA and @entity23398 results. RESULTS: DXA results (except the L1-L4 Z-score) were significantly higher in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 even after a matched-pair analysis was performed (p<0.05). In premenopausal @entity1 , we observed no significant differences in DXA results between the groups. @entity23398 results in pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 were significantly higher compared with their matched controls (p<0.001 for all, except for speed of sound in premenopausal @entity1 , p<0.05). Odds ratios for @entity0 risk in the second, third and fourth quartiles compared with the lowest quartile were significantly different for a number of variables. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed significantly higher @entity79 irrespective of the method and site of measurement in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to controls, even after matching for possible confounders for the first time.

title: @entity0 and XXXX : the Marburg @entity0 and Osteoporosis Trial (MABOT II).

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone mineral density']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2096 ( @entity2096 ) can be used to correct deformities around the knee. Although osteotomies can be fixed with either internal or external fixation techniques, the advantages of one over the other are unclear. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked whether (1) for both techniques, we could accurately correct the deformities based on our preoperative goals for mechanical axis deviation (MAD) and lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), and (2) intraoperative times, (3) preoperative and postoperative knee ROM, and (4) complications differed. @entity1 AND METHODS: We identified 26 @entity1 (34 limbs) who underwent femoral osteotomies. We compared accuracy of correction (based on correction of the MAD and the LDFA), duration of surgery, preoperative and postoperative knee ROM, and complications. The minimum followup was 20 months (mean, 29 months; range, 20-40 months). RESULTS: We achieved the desired MAD within 10 mm of the goal in 18 of 21 limbs with the unilateral frame and in 12 of 13 limbs using fixator-assisted plating. Operative time for fixator-assisted plating was longer (122    34 minutes) than when using a unilateral frame (94    65 minutes). Preoperative and postoperative knee ROMs were similar for both techniques and there were no major complications. CONCLUSIONS: We obtained accurate correction of deformities with both fixation techniques. Our experience suggests the method to be used should be left to the discretion of the surgeon and the needs and wishes of the @entity1 after adequate explanation of the advantages and disadvantages. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: XXXX : is internal fixation better than external?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['DFO', 'Distal femoral osteotomies']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['Distal femoral osteotomy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of 24 h dietary recalls required to adequately estimate nutrient intake in overweight and @entity28 adults using the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) automated multiple-pass method (AMPM). In addition, the study quantified sources of variation in dietary intake, such as day of the week, season, sequence of diet interviews (training effect), diet interviewer, body weight and within- and between-subject variances in the intake of selected nutrients. DESIGN: Adults having a BMI of >=  28 but <38 kg/m2 were included in the study. The USDA's AMPM was used to obtain 24 h dietary recalls every 10 d for 6 months. Dietary intake data were analysed to adequately estimate the number of 24 h recalls necessary to assess nutrient intake. Variance component estimates were made by using a mixed-model procedure. SETTING: The greater Washington, DC, metropolitan area. SUBJECTS: Adults (34 @entity1 and 39 @entity1 ) aged 35-65 years. RESULTS: Overweight and @entity28 adults completed fourteen 24 h dietary recalls. Utilizing within- and between-subject variances requires 5-10 and 12-15 d of 24 h dietary recalls in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively, to estimate energy and macronutrient intakes in a 6-month period. Within- and between-subject variances were the major contributors to variance in nutrient intakes. Day of the week, season, sequence, diet interviewer and body weight had little impact on variance. CONCLUSIONS: This information is valuable for researchers planning to conduct studies on free-living individuals that include the collection of dietary intake data.

title: The number of 24 h dietary recalls using the US Department of Agriculture's automated multiple-pass method required to estimate nutrient intake in overweight and XXXX adults.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac transplantation, a procedure nearly abandoned in the 1970s, has evolved into the standard of care for appropriate @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 . Much of this success has been due to improvements in immunosuppression, including the introduction of a triple-drug regimen. Retrospective reports suggested that single-drug immunosuppression with @entity1140 was feasible. As such, a prospective, randomized trial was conducted to test this approach. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred fifty adult de novo heart transplant recipients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label trial comparing @entity1140 monotherapy (MONO) with @entity1140 and @entity618 therapy (COMBO). Corticosteroids were used in the early postoperative period but discontinued in all @entity1 over 8 to 9 weeks. The primary end point was the composite biopsy score at 6 months after transplant. @entity1 were followed for 1 to 5 years. The composite biopsy score was similar between groups at 6 and 12 months: 6-month MONO, 0.70    0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.80) versus COMBO, 0.65    0.40 (95% confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.74; P=0.44). Allograft vasculopathy was assessed by angiography and intravascular ultrasound, with no significant differences noted. Three-year survival was also similar (92.4% MONO versus 97% COMBO; P=0.58, log-rank). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of mycophenolate to single-agent immunosuppression did not provide an advantage over single-agent immunosuppression in terms of rejection, allograft vasculopathy, or 3-year survival. Corticosteroids, which have traditionally been a mainstay of therapy, were successfully discontinued in all @entity1 . These conclusions are tempered by the limited statistical power associated with a sample size of only 150 @entity1 . Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00299221.

title: A prospective, randomized trial of single-drug versus dual-drug immunosuppression in heart transplantation: the XXXX in combination, @entity1140 alone compared (TICTAC) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac transplantation, a procedure nearly abandoned in the 1970s, has evolved into the standard of care for appropriate @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 . Much of this success has been due to improvements in immunosuppression, including the introduction of a triple-drug regimen. Retrospective reports suggested that single-drug immunosuppression with @entity1140 was feasible. As such, a prospective, randomized trial was conducted to test this approach. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred fifty adult de novo heart transplant recipients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label trial comparing @entity1140 monotherapy (MONO) with @entity1140 and @entity618 therapy (COMBO). Corticosteroids were used in the early postoperative period but discontinued in all @entity1 over 8 to 9 weeks. The primary end point was the composite biopsy score at 6 months after transplant. @entity1 were followed for 1 to 5 years. The composite biopsy score was similar between groups at 6 and 12 months: 6-month MONO, 0.70    0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.80) versus COMBO, 0.65    0.40 (95% confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.74; P=0.44). Allograft vasculopathy was assessed by angiography and intravascular ultrasound, with no significant differences noted. Three-year survival was also similar (92.4% MONO versus 97% COMBO; P=0.58, log-rank). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of mycophenolate to single-agent immunosuppression did not provide an advantage over single-agent immunosuppression in terms of rejection, allograft vasculopathy, or 3-year survival. Corticosteroids, which have traditionally been a mainstay of therapy, were successfully discontinued in all @entity1 . These conclusions are tempered by the limited statistical power associated with a sample size of only 150 @entity1 . Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00299221.

title: A prospective, randomized trial of single-drug versus dual-drug immunosuppression in heart transplantation: the @entity1140 in combination, XXXX alone compared (TICTAC) trial.

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: Two cases of high-flow @entity1462 affecting the mandible are presented. Manifesting mainly in childhood, intraosseous @entity2758 are extremely rare morphologic errors of vascular morphogenesis that can lead to life-threatening @entity548 without appropriate treatment. A dentist referred an 8-year-old @entity1 with radiolucency in the left mandible and supraocclusion of the mandibular left first molar. During biopsy, massive @entity548 occurred. Computed tomographic scan with contrast medium showed a @entity1462 . @entity1416 was performed followed by surgical resection. Autologous bone transplantation and resorbable osteosynthesis plates were used for reconstruction. The second @entity1 , a 15-year-old @entity1 , had intense @entity548 from the periodontal space of a highly mobile right mandibular second molar. Intraoral clinical examination showed a painless @entity4 in the right buccal vestibule. Computed tomographic angiogram displayed an @entity1462 involving the right mandible. After successful selective embolization, surgical resection, and reconstruction with autologous bone, transplantation was performed. @entity887 is a low-risk procedure in highly vascularized lesions. It is a recommended procedure to avoid the increased risk of an emergency operation, to minimize @entity190 during surgery, and to better plan reconstructive surgery.

title: Treatment of mandibular high-flow XXXX : report of 2 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulsatile swelling']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative embolization']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['extensive vascular malformation', 'vascular malformations', 'vascular malformation']

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['vascular malformations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1756 arising from non-branching sites of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are often difficult to treat by neck clipping or endosaccular coiling. We discuss the feasibility of simple endovascular ICA ligation or trapping to treat @entity439 . METHODS: Data from eleven @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed regarding Hunt and Hess grade on admission, angiographic collateral capacities during digital carotid compression, results of balloon test occlusion of the ipsilateral ICA, type of treatment, and Glasgow outcome scale at discharge. RESULTS: First endovascular treatments were performed by day 5 in four cases. Two @entity1 with good clinical grade and good collateral capacity underwent endovascular ICA trapping in the acute stage and showed good outcomes. Two @entity1 displaying poor clinical grade but good collaterals underwent endosaccular embolization. These @entity439 recurred later and the ICAs were trapped by coils in the chronic stage. Four cases underwent first endovascular treatments in the chronic stage. Three @entity1 with good collaterals underwent endovascular ICA trapping or ligation and showed favorable outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Seven of eleven @entity1 could be treated by endovascular ICA trapping or ligation, which offers a simple, safe method for @entity1756 , if collateral capacity is good and @entity16 is not serious.

title: Treatment of XXXX : feasibility of endovascular trapping or proximal obliteration of the ICA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['Ruptured aneurysms', 'ruptured ICA trunk aneurysms']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured internal carotid artery trunk aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of sternocleidomastoideus radiofrequency carbonation with local anesthesia under arthroscope for the treatment of @entity9282 in adults. METHODS: Twenty-six cases of @entity9282 were treated by radiofrequency carbonation with local anesthesia under arthroscope. The right side was in 14 @entity1 and left in 12. There were 11 males and 15 females with an average age of 22 years old. Sternocleidomastoideus and clavicula were pre-operatively marked. Through an artificial lacuna, arthroscope and radiofrequency probe were inserted. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 25 months (range: 15 - 71). According to the motion deficits, craniofacial asymmetry, head tilt and subjective assessment, there were 19 excellent and 7 fair outcomes. Most @entity1 showed a marked improvement in neck motion and head tilt with satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcomes. There was no nerve or @entity1317 , no recurrence, @entity281 and scar. The overall efficacy was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: The radiofrequency therapy for torticollis with local anesthesia under arthroscopy has a satisfactory efficacy. The advantages are minimal trauma, simple procedure, less @entity158 and better cosmetics.

title: [Treatment of adult XXXX with radiofrequency carbonation under arthroscope].

entities_list: @entity9282 :: ('MESH:C535425', 'Disease') :: ['congenital muscular torticollis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity9282 :: (MESH:C535425,Disease) :: ['congenital muscular torticollis']


abstract: Introduction. @entity2900 , a deepolarizing muscle relaxant, @entity2790 . It is therefore advised to be avoided in @entity1538 surgery, for fear of extruding ocular contents. Several anecdotal reports support this fear. Some workers however, dispute this claim. There is as yet no formal case report in the literature on the subject. Case Presentation. A 34-year old Nigerian male, was involved in a road traffic accident. He presented at the Accident _ Emergency Unit of our hospital about 2 hours after the accident. Clinical examination revealed @entity2687 (with intact ocular contents) and @entity3511 . Emergency laparotomy was scheduled, to be followed with corneal repair. Anaesthesia was induced with 10   mg @entity1363 , 100   mg @entity3652 , and 100   mg @entity2900 given intravenously in sequence. After laparotomy, the ophthalmologists reported for the corneal repair, only to find that the vitreous humour has been extruded. Conclusion. The fear about the use of @entity2900 in @entity1538 situations is real. It will be good clinical judgment to use alternative drugs and techniques to effect rapid muscle relaxation, in the anaesthetic management of the @entity1538 @entity1 . This would be of interest to anaesthetists, ophthalmologists and clinical pharmacologists among others.

title: Vitreous humour extrusion after XXXX induction of anaesthesia in a polytraumatized @entity1 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open globe']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['increases intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['right corneal laceration']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal visceral injury']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['Suxamethonium', 'suxamethonium']

answer: @entity2900 :: (MESH:D013390,Chemical) :: ['suxamethonium']


abstract: Introduction. @entity2900 , a deepolarizing muscle relaxant, @entity2790 . It is therefore advised to be avoided in @entity1538 surgery, for fear of extruding ocular contents. Several anecdotal reports support this fear. Some workers however, dispute this claim. There is as yet no formal case report in the literature on the subject. Case Presentation. A 34-year old Nigerian male, was involved in a road traffic accident. He presented at the Accident _ Emergency Unit of our hospital about 2 hours after the accident. Clinical examination revealed @entity2687 (with intact ocular contents) and @entity3511 . Emergency laparotomy was scheduled, to be followed with corneal repair. Anaesthesia was induced with 10   mg @entity1363 , 100   mg @entity3652 , and 100   mg @entity2900 given intravenously in sequence. After laparotomy, the ophthalmologists reported for the corneal repair, only to find that the vitreous humour has been extruded. Conclusion. The fear about the use of @entity2900 in @entity1538 situations is real. It will be good clinical judgment to use alternative drugs and techniques to effect rapid muscle relaxation, in the anaesthetic management of the @entity1538 @entity1 . This would be of interest to anaesthetists, ophthalmologists and clinical pharmacologists among others.

title: Vitreous humour extrusion after @entity2900 induction of anaesthesia in a polytraumatized XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The @entity7626 /FOXO transcription factor is the major downstream output of the insulin/IGF1R signaling pathway controlling @entity2199 dauer larva development and aging. To identify novel downstream genes affecting dauer formation, we used RNAi to screen candidate genes previously identified to be regulated by @entity7626 . We used a sensitized genetic background [eri-1(mg366); @entity73040 (m708)], which enhances both RNAi efficiency and constitutive dauer formation (Daf-c). Among 513 RNAi clones screened, 21 displayed a synthetic Daf-c (SynDaf) phenotype with @entity73040 . One of these genes, @entity73041 , was previously identified to be SynDaf, but twenty have not previously been associated with dauer formation. Two of the latter genes, @entity73042 and @entity73043 , are known to participate in innate immunity and six more are predicted to do so, suggesting that the immune response may contribute to the dauer decision. Indeed, we show that two of these genes, @entity73042 and clc-1, are required for normal resistance to @entity794 . clc-1 is predicted to function in epithelial cohesion. Dauer formation exhibited by daf-8(m85), @entity73040 (m708), and the wild-type N2 (at 27  C) were all enhanced by exposure to pathogenic bacteria, while not enhanced in a @entity73044 (m130) background. We conclude that knockdown of the genes required for proper pathogen resistance increases pathogenic infection, leading to increased dauer formation in our screen. We propose that dauer larva formation is a behavioral response to pathogens mediated by increased dauer @entity5681 production.

title: RNAi screen of @entity7626 /FOXO target genes in XXXX links pathogenesis and dauer formation.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['C. elegans']


abstract: The @entity7626 /FOXO transcription factor is the major downstream output of the insulin/IGF1R signaling pathway controlling @entity2199 dauer larva development and aging. To identify novel downstream genes affecting dauer formation, we used RNAi to screen candidate genes previously identified to be regulated by @entity7626 . We used a sensitized genetic background [eri-1(mg366); @entity73040 (m708)], which enhances both RNAi efficiency and constitutive dauer formation (Daf-c). Among 513 RNAi clones screened, 21 displayed a synthetic Daf-c (SynDaf) phenotype with @entity73040 . One of these genes, @entity73041 , was previously identified to be SynDaf, but twenty have not previously been associated with dauer formation. Two of the latter genes, @entity73042 and @entity73043 , are known to participate in innate immunity and six more are predicted to do so, suggesting that the immune response may contribute to the dauer decision. Indeed, we show that two of these genes, @entity73042 and clc-1, are required for normal resistance to @entity794 . clc-1 is predicted to function in epithelial cohesion. Dauer formation exhibited by daf-8(m85), @entity73040 (m708), and the wild-type N2 (at 27  C) were all enhanced by exposure to pathogenic bacteria, while not enhanced in a @entity73044 (m130) background. We conclude that knockdown of the genes required for proper pathogen resistance increases pathogenic infection, leading to increased dauer formation in our screen. We propose that dauer larva formation is a behavioral response to pathogens mediated by increased dauer @entity5681 production.

title: RNAi screen of XXXX /FOXO target genes in @entity2199 links pathogenesis and dauer formation.

answer: @entity7626 :: (172981(Tax:6239),Gene) :: ['DAF-16']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a significant role in immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. Excessive sensitivity of isolated Treg to apoptosis has been demonstrated in NOD @entity19 and @entity1 suffering of type 1 @entity6 , suggesting a possible role in the @entity1200 that underlies @entity792 . In this study the sensitivity to apoptosis was measured in T cells from new onset @entity6 females, comparing purified subsets to mixed cultures. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Apoptotic cells are short lived in vivo and @entity204 occurs primarily during isolation, manipulation and culture. Excessive susceptibility of @entity3783 (+) T cells to spontaneous apoptosis is characteristic of isolated subsets, @entity2402 when @entity204 is measured in mixed splenocyte cultures. In variance, @entity3783 (-) T cells display balanced sensitivity to apoptosis under both conditions. The isolation procedure removes soluble factors, @entity2047 playing a significant role in sustaining Treg viability. In addition, pro- and anti-apoptotic signals are transduced by cell-to-cell interactions: @entity5168 and @entity10867 protect @entity3783 (+) T cells from apoptosis, and in parallel sensitize na  ve effector cells to apoptosis. Treg viability is modulated both by other T cells and other subsets within mixed splenocyte cultures. Variations in sensitivity to apoptosis are often hindered by fast proliferation of viable cells, therefore cycling rates are mandatory to adequate interpretation of cell @entity204 assays. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of purified Treg to apoptosis is dominated by cytokine deprivation and absence of cell-to-cell interactions, and deviate significantly from measurements in mixed populations. Balanced sensitivity of na  ve/effector and regulatory T cells to apoptosis in NOD @entity19 argues against the concept that differential susceptibility affects disease evolution and progression.

title: Apoptosis of purified CD4+ T cell subsets is dominated by cytokine deprivation and absence of other cells in new onset XXXX @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['however disappears']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic NOD', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune insulitis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic NOD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a significant role in immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. Excessive sensitivity of isolated Treg to apoptosis has been demonstrated in NOD @entity19 and @entity1 suffering of type 1 @entity6 , suggesting a possible role in the @entity1200 that underlies @entity792 . In this study the sensitivity to apoptosis was measured in T cells from new onset @entity6 females, comparing purified subsets to mixed cultures. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Apoptotic cells are short lived in vivo and @entity204 occurs primarily during isolation, manipulation and culture. Excessive susceptibility of @entity3783 (+) T cells to spontaneous apoptosis is characteristic of isolated subsets, @entity2402 when @entity204 is measured in mixed splenocyte cultures. In variance, @entity3783 (-) T cells display balanced sensitivity to apoptosis under both conditions. The isolation procedure removes soluble factors, @entity2047 playing a significant role in sustaining Treg viability. In addition, pro- and anti-apoptotic signals are transduced by cell-to-cell interactions: @entity5168 and @entity10867 protect @entity3783 (+) T cells from apoptosis, and in parallel sensitize na  ve effector cells to apoptosis. Treg viability is modulated both by other T cells and other subsets within mixed splenocyte cultures. Variations in sensitivity to apoptosis are often hindered by fast proliferation of viable cells, therefore cycling rates are mandatory to adequate interpretation of cell @entity204 assays. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of purified Treg to apoptosis is dominated by cytokine deprivation and absence of cell-to-cell interactions, and deviate significantly from measurements in mixed populations. Balanced sensitivity of na  ve/effector and regulatory T cells to apoptosis in NOD @entity19 argues against the concept that differential susceptibility affects disease evolution and progression.

title: Apoptosis of purified CD4+ T cell subsets is dominated by cytokine deprivation and absence of other cells in new onset @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Untreated dental caries will eventually lead to @entity32 . Although much is known regarding the interaction of microbial antigens and the immunologic defense systems of pulp, many aspects of the pathogenesis of @entity11624 are not fully understood. The relationship between @entity1 pulp stem cells (HPSCs) and the pathogenesis of @entity11624 remains among the poorly understood areas. Many of the invading bacteria are known to produce considerable amounts of @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ), which causes apoptosis in some tissues. The aims of this study were to determine whether @entity3958 causes apoptosis in HPSCs and to examine its signaling pathway. METHODS: Stem cells were isolated from @entity1 dental pulp and incubated with 50 ng/mL @entity3958 for 48 hours. To detect apoptosis, the cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry. The mitochondrial signaling pathway was examined by determining mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Activation of the key apoptotic enzymes @entity8187 , @entity8186 , and @entity522 was assessed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Release of @entity4674 from mitochondria was also determined. RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cells increased significantly with @entity3958 treatment from 1.6% to 16.3% (P < .01). Significant increases were also measured in the amounts of @entity8187 and @entity522 and in @entity4674 release (all P < .01) and in mitochondrial membrane depolarization (P < .05), whereas @entity8186 activity was not found. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3958 causes apoptosis in HPSCs by activating the mitochondrial pathway. It is suggested that @entity3958 might be one of the factors modifying the pathogenesis of @entity11624 by causing loss of viability of HPSCs through apoptosis.

title: XXXX causes apoptosis in @entity1 pulp stem cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['pulpal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity3957 :: (MESH:D006862,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Untreated dental caries will eventually lead to @entity32 . Although much is known regarding the interaction of microbial antigens and the immunologic defense systems of pulp, many aspects of the pathogenesis of @entity11624 are not fully understood. The relationship between @entity1 pulp stem cells (HPSCs) and the pathogenesis of @entity11624 remains among the poorly understood areas. Many of the invading bacteria are known to produce considerable amounts of @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ), which causes apoptosis in some tissues. The aims of this study were to determine whether @entity3958 causes apoptosis in HPSCs and to examine its signaling pathway. METHODS: Stem cells were isolated from @entity1 dental pulp and incubated with 50 ng/mL @entity3958 for 48 hours. To detect apoptosis, the cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry. The mitochondrial signaling pathway was examined by determining mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Activation of the key apoptotic enzymes @entity8187 , @entity8186 , and @entity522 was assessed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Release of @entity4674 from mitochondria was also determined. RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cells increased significantly with @entity3958 treatment from 1.6% to 16.3% (P < .01). Significant increases were also measured in the amounts of @entity8187 and @entity522 and in @entity4674 release (all P < .01) and in mitochondrial membrane depolarization (P < .05), whereas @entity8186 activity was not found. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3958 causes apoptosis in HPSCs by activating the mitochondrial pathway. It is suggested that @entity3958 might be one of the factors modifying the pathogenesis of @entity11624 by causing loss of viability of HPSCs through apoptosis.

title: @entity3957 causes apoptosis in XXXX pulp stem cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Fifty-seven male @entity1 with @entity4089 have been investigated. Macroadenomas were found in 49 @entity1 of whom 24 had received pituitary surgery before elevated @entity4090 levels were discovered. In 8 @entity1 radiology of the pituitary fossa revealed either evidence of microadenoma or a @entity4776 . Prolactin levels ranged from 582 to 498 000 microU/ml. All @entity1 with @entity2013 , including those who had undergone previous surgery, had @entity4090 levels above 5000 microU/ml. Disturbances of libido and sexual potency were prevalent in the majority of @entity1 , less frequently accompanied by gynacecomastia and @entity6726 . However, @entity227 were the reason for the first visit to the doctor in the majority of @entity1 . Pituitary surgery led to improvement of @entity227 , though prolactin levels were never normalized. Postoperative radiotherapy had no significant influence on @entity4090 levels. In contrast, @entity2847 therapy led, in the majority of @entity1 , not only to improvement of hypogonadal symptoms but also to normalization of @entity4090 levels.

title: [ XXXX in the male: clinical aspects and therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['macroprolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['completely normal sella turcica']

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['Hyperprolactinemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite earlier detection and stage migration, seminal vesicle invasion is still reported in the @entity1486 era and remains a poor prognostic indicator. We investigated outcomes in @entity1 with pT3b disease in the contemporary era. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional radical prostatectomy database (1982 to 2010) of 18,505 @entity1 was queried and 989 with pT3b @entity5 were identified. The cohort was split into pre- @entity1486 (1982 to 1992), and early (1993 to 2000) and contemporary (2001 to present) @entity1486 eras. Of the 732 @entity1 identified in the @entity1486 era 140 had lymph node involvement and were excluded from study. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine biochemical recurrence-free, @entity3 -free and @entity263 specific survival. Proportional hazard models were used to determine predictors of biochemical recurrence-free, @entity3 -free and @entity5 specific survival. RESULTS: In the pre- @entity1486 , and early and contemporary @entity1486 eras, 7.7%, 4.3% and 3.3% of @entity1 , respectively, had pT3bN0 disease (p >0.001). In pT3bN0 cases, the 10-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rate was 25.8%, 28.6% and 19.6% (p = 0.8), and the @entity5 specific survival rate was 79.9%, 79.6% and 83.8% (p = 0.6) among the eras, respectively. In pT3bN0 cases in the @entity1486 era, @entity1486 , clinical stage T2b or greater, pathological Gleason sum 7 and 8-10, and positive surgical margins were significant predictors of biochemical recurrence-free survival on multivariate analysis while clinical stage T2c or greater and Gleason 8-10 were predictors of @entity3 -free and @entity5 specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a decreased frequency of pT3b disease, and lower rates of positive surgical margins and lymph nodes, @entity1 with seminal vesicle invasion continue to have low biochemical recurrence-free survival. Advanced clinical stage, intermediate or high risk Gleason sum at pathological evaluation and positive surgical margins predict biochemical recurrence. High risk clinical stage and Gleason sum predict @entity3 -free and @entity5 specific survival.

title: A contemporary analysis of outcomes of XXXX with seminal vesicle invasion (pT3b) after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The excision of the @entity703 with a substantial margin of healthy parenchyma is considered the gold standard technique for partial nephrectomy. However, simple enucleation showed excellent results in some retrospective series. We compared the oncologic outcomes after standard partial nephrectomy and simple enucleation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 982 @entity1 who underwent standard partial nephrectomy and 537 who had simple enucleation for localized @entity1358 at 16 academic centers between 1997 and 2007. Local recurrence, @entity5 specific survival and progression-free survival were the main outcomes of this study. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival functions and differences were assessed with the log rank statistic. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models addressed progression-free survival and @entity5 specific survival. RESULTS: Median followup of the @entity1 undergoing traditional partial nephrectomy and simple enucleation was 51    37.8 and 54.4    36 months, respectively (p = 0.08). The 5 and 10-year progression-free survival estimates were 88.9 and 82% after standard partial nephrectomy, and 91.4% and 90.8% after simple enucleation (p = 0.09). The 5 and 10-year @entity5 specific survival estimates were 93.9% and 91.6% after standard partial nephrectomy, and 94.3% and 93.2% after simple enucleation (p = 0.94). On multivariable analysis the adopted nephron sparing surgery technique was not an independent predictor of progression-free survival (HR 0.8, p = 0.55) and @entity5 specific survival (HR 0.7, p = 0.53) when adjusted for the effect of the other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first multicenter, comparative study showing oncologic equivalence of standard partial nephrectomy and simple enucleation.

title: Simple enucleation is equivalent to traditional partial nephrectomy for XXXX : results of a nonrandomized, retrospective, comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity150 survival is consistently lower in female and black @entity1 than in male and white @entity1 . We compared trends and differences according to clinical, demographic and facility characteristics by @entity1 race and gender to identify the impact of these characteristics on survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified @entity150 cases diagnosed in 1993 to 2007 from the National Cancer Data Base. Trends in grade and stage distribution between 1993 and 2007 were analyzed. Survival differences by race and gender were compared using 5-year relative survival and multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS: There were 310,257 white male, 102,345 white female, 13,313 black male and 7,439 black female @entity1 . Black and female @entity1 had a higher proportion of muscle invasive @entity5 than white and male @entity1 , and black @entity1 had a larger proportion of higher grade @entity5 . The incidence of stage 0a and of high grade @entity5 significantly increased with time. Multivariate analysis showed a significantly lower HR in white females than in white males (HR 0.9) but a significantly higher HR in black males and females (HR 1.2). The higher mortality risk in black males and females was primarily limited to late stage disease (HR 1.3). CONCLUSIONS: Survival differences by race and gender are partially explained by differences in @entity5 and demographic characteristics in black males and females, and fully explained by these characteristics in white females. Treatment delays and under treatment due to comorbid conditions, age and other factors may also contribute to these disparities.

title: XXXX : racial and gender disparities in survival (1993 to 2002), stage and grade (1993 to 2007).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: Primary stabbing @entity10 ( @entity26782 ) is a @entity158 , as brief, sharp, jabbing stabs, predominantly felt in the first division of trigeminal nerve. Population studies have shown that @entity26782 is a common @entity10 . However, most @entity1 suffer attacks of low frequency or intensity and seldom seek for medical assistance. There are few clinic-based studies of @entity26782 , and its real influence as a primary cause for referral to neurology outpatient offices is to be determined. We aim to investigate the burden of @entity26782 as main complaint in an outpatient @entity10 clinic. We reviewed all @entity1 with @entity26782 ( @entity1605 ), attended in an outpatient @entity10 clinic in a tertiary hospital during a 2.5-year period (January 2008-June 2010). We considered demographic and nosological characteristics and if @entity26782 was main cause of submission. 36 @entity1 (26 females, 10 males) out of 725 (5%) were diagnosed of @entity26782 . Mean age at onset 34.1      2.9  years (range 10-72). Mean time from onset to diagnosis 68.8      18.3  months. Twenty-four @entity1 fulfilled @entity1605 for other @entity10 (14 @entity2704 , 6 @entity2701 , 2 hemicrania continua, 1 primary @entity12967 and 1 primary exertional @entity10 ). 77.7% of @entity1 were submitted from primary care. In 14 @entity1 (39%), @entity26782 was main reason for submission, its intensity or frequency in 5 (35.7%) and fear of malignancy in 9 (74.3%). Only two @entity1 of those who associated other @entity10 were submitted due to @entity26782 . In conclusion, @entity26782 is not an uncommon diagnosis in an outpatient @entity10 office. However, and according to our data, it is not usually the main cause of submission to a @entity10 clinic.

title: Incidence and influence on referral of primary stabbing @entity10 in an outpatient XXXX clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['ICHD-II criteria']

entities_list: @entity12967 :: ('MESH:D051270', 'Disease') :: ['cough headache']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: Primary stabbing @entity10 ( @entity26782 ) is a @entity158 , as brief, sharp, jabbing stabs, predominantly felt in the first division of trigeminal nerve. Population studies have shown that @entity26782 is a common @entity10 . However, most @entity1 suffer attacks of low frequency or intensity and seldom seek for medical assistance. There are few clinic-based studies of @entity26782 , and its real influence as a primary cause for referral to neurology outpatient offices is to be determined. We aim to investigate the burden of @entity26782 as main complaint in an outpatient @entity10 clinic. We reviewed all @entity1 with @entity26782 ( @entity1605 ), attended in an outpatient @entity10 clinic in a tertiary hospital during a 2.5-year period (January 2008-June 2010). We considered demographic and nosological characteristics and if @entity26782 was main cause of submission. 36 @entity1 (26 females, 10 males) out of 725 (5%) were diagnosed of @entity26782 . Mean age at onset 34.1      2.9  years (range 10-72). Mean time from onset to diagnosis 68.8      18.3  months. Twenty-four @entity1 fulfilled @entity1605 for other @entity10 (14 @entity2704 , 6 @entity2701 , 2 hemicrania continua, 1 primary @entity12967 and 1 primary exertional @entity10 ). 77.7% of @entity1 were submitted from primary care. In 14 @entity1 (39%), @entity26782 was main reason for submission, its intensity or frequency in 5 (35.7%) and fear of malignancy in 9 (74.3%). Only two @entity1 of those who associated other @entity10 were submitted due to @entity26782 . In conclusion, @entity26782 is not an uncommon diagnosis in an outpatient @entity10 office. However, and according to our data, it is not usually the main cause of submission to a @entity10 clinic.

title: Incidence and influence on referral of primary stabbing XXXX in an outpatient @entity10 clinic.

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete surgical @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ) offers the only chance of cure; however, long-term survival remains very limited because of frequent recurrence after surgery. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether the preoperative serum @entity1735 antigen (CA) 19-9 level could predict recurrence after curative resection of @entity1125 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity1125 and underwent curative resection. The optimal cutoff value for the preoperative serum level of CA 19-9 that predicted recurrence was determined by a ROC curve. Preoperative and postoperative risk factors for recurrence were evaluated using log-rank test. RESULTS: A total of 101 @entity1 were eligible for this study. The optimal cutoff value of preoperative serum CA 19-9 level to predict recurrence was 55  U/mL. Forty-five @entity1 (44.6%) experienced recurrence after curative resection with a median follow-up period of 28.4  months. Recurrence occurred in 33 (61.1%) of 54 @entity1 with CA 19-9 levels >= 55  U/mL compared with only 12 (25.5%) of 47 @entity1 with CA 19-9 levels <55  U/mL. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with baseline CA 19-9 serum levels >= 55  U/mL (hazard ratio, 3.282; 95% confidence interval, 1.684-6.395; P  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated preoperative serum CA 19-9 was associated with a high risk of recurrence after curative resection of @entity1125 . Different treatment plans might be needed for @entity1 with @entity1125 and high serum levels of CA 19-9.

title: Preoperative serum CA 19-9 level as a predictive factor for recurrence after curative resection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['BTC', 'removal of biliary tract cancer']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['biliary tract cancer']


abstract: AIM: To characterize dynamics of mucosal colonization of neonates by common aerobic Gram negative species and Candida spp. and to identify independent perinatal, neonatal, and environmental factors influencing the colonization process. STUDY DESIGN: The nasopharyngeal (n=1145) and rectal (n=1242) swabs were collected on admission and thereafter twice a week in neonates with risk factors of early onset @entity295 (n=276) admitted within the first 72 h of life. The association between colonization by different microbes and a total of 22 predefined risk factors was assessed using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Throughout the study about half of the @entity1 had rectal (55.8%) or nasopharyngeal colonization (42.8%) with common Gram-negative microorganisms. Colonization dynamics and risk factors were in general similar for a given bacterial species in both mucosal sites; nonfermentative microbes more often found in nasopharyngeal swabs and Enterobacteriaceae in rectal swabs. All organisms except @entity526 were influenced by the duration of intensive care unit stay but other risk factors were species specific, perhaps reflecting their mode of acquisition. While colonization by @entity526 and @entity5132 was associated with perinatal factors like term birth, vaginal delivery, and breast milk feeding; colonization by @entity3274 , Enteribacter cloacae, Acinetobacter spp. and non-albicans Candida spp. were mostly determined by hospital environment (treatment unit and period, artificial interventions and their duration) and gestation age  <= 28 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of risk factor profiles may permit the development of strategies to prevent heavy colonization and subsequent invasive disease in high risk @entity1 .

title: Risk factors associated with gut and nasopharyngeal colonization by common Gram-negative species and yeasts in neonatal intensive care units XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['E. coli', 'Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the results of extracapsullary dissection (ED) with superficial parotidectomy (SP) in the surgical treatment of benign @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity5123 and underwent surgery between January 1992 and June 2000 were enrolled in this study. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: the ED group (6 males, 15 females; mean age 47.2 years; range 32 to 57 years) and the SP group (7 males, 13 females; mean age 47.7 years; range 29 to 61 years). ED was performed on 21 @entity1 and SP was performed on 20 @entity1 . All @entity1 were followed-up postoperatively and the mean follow-up time was 194 (range 117 to 264) months. RESULTS: Although no complications developed in the ED group @entity1 during the follow-up period, there were several cases in the SP group: three cases of salivary fistula, one of @entity8810 , three case of temporary facial paresis and 13 of @entity85 . The @entity85 were as minimal @entity308 in the parotid region. There have been no recurrences in either group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding @entity85 (p=0.000 and X2=19.27). There was also a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding general complications (p=0.001 and X2Y: 8.32). CONCLUSION: Extracapsullary dissection is a safe and reliable surgical procedure compared to superficial parotidectomy with a lower complication rate and a similiar recurrence rate.

title: Extracapsular dissection versus superficial parotidectomy in XXXX of the parotid gland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['parotid tumors']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ["Frey's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['cosmetic deformity', 'cosmetic deformities']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland']

answer: @entity5123 :: (MESH:D008949,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic adenomas']


abstract: 1. @entity11617 (ET)-1, which was originally found to be secreted by the vascular endothelium, is highly expressed in the kidney, particularly in the renal medulla. 2. Recent studies using genetic models have provided significant breakthroughs in the role of @entity2232 in the kidney. For example, @entity2232 in the medullary collecting duct physiologically regulates water and salt reabsorption, thereby controlling blood pressure. Surprisingly, to explain the blood pressure regulation both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors are necessary in collecting duct. In fact, we recently revealed that ET(A) receptor stimulation in the renal medulla was natriuretic and diuretic. 3. The expression and secretion of @entity2232 in the renal medulla are regulated by multiple mechanisms, such as changes in osmolality, exaggerated renin-angiotensin system activity and @entity519 . The changes in the renal medullary ET system are likely to work as compensatory 'protective' natriuretic factors in response to high @entity1372 exposure in the kidney. 4. In the present review, we focus on recent publications that describe our current knowledge of the functional role of renal medullary @entity2232 , including the recently characterized actions of ET(A) receptors, the second messenger systems, mechanisms of stimulating @entity2232 production and how the ET system is involved in the development of @entity101 .

title: New concepts in endothelin control of XXXX balance.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity11617 :: ('MESH:D016232', 'Chemical') :: ['Endothelin']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Selected @entity1 with isolated @entity0 ( @entity0 ) may benefit from surgical management; however, indications remain unclear and the risks may outweigh the benefits in @entity1 with a generally poor prognosis. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2006, 17 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 were considered for surgical management (<4 @entity5 , @entity5 <4 cm in diameter and no/stable extrahepatic metastases). Peri-operative and outcomes data were analysed and compared. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 were found to have extensive or untreatable disease on staging laparoscopy and intra-operative ultrasound (SL/IOUS). The remaining nine @entity1 underwent surgical management [seven laparoscopic radiofrequency ablations (RFA) and two hepatic resections]. Median length of follow-up for @entity1 treated surgically was 40.0 months, median disease-free survival (DFS) was 32.2 months and median time to disease progression was 17.7 months. Of the eight @entity1 not amenable to surgery, median length of follow-up was 21.8 months. CONCLUSION: SL/IOUS prevented unnecessary laparotomy in half of the @entity1 taken to the operating room for surgical treatment of @entity0 . In @entity1 with @entity0 , SL/IOUS should be considered standard of care before surgical intervention. The small number of @entity1 and short follow-up may be inadequate to determine the true value of surgical management in this group of @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer liver metastases', 'BCLM']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer liver metastases']


abstract: Previous studies have suggested an important role for the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signalling pathway in @entity5 development. Therefore, we explored genetic variants in JAK-STAT pathway associated genes with @entity706 risk. In samples of the EpiLymph case-control study we genotyped 1536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using GoldenGate BeadArray    Technology (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Here, we report the associations between selected SNPs and haplotypes of the JAK-STAT pathway and risk of @entity978 ( @entity978 ), @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) and most frequent @entity1892 subtypes. Among 210 relevant JAK-STAT pathway-related SNPs, polymorphisms in nine genes (BMF, @entity379 , @entity10669 , @entity4635 , @entity6897 , @entity4104 , @entity11715 , @entity8850 , @entity4206 ) were significantly associated with @entity706 risk. At a study-wise significance level, we obtained a risk reduction of 28% among carriers of the heterozygous genotype of the @entity4104 variant ( @entity73045 ) for @entity1892 . For six other variants within the @entity4104 gene we observed an inverse association with @entity706 subtypes. A reduced risk for @entity978 was observed for the heterozygous genotype of the @entity8850 SNP ( @entity73046 ). This is an explorative investigation to examine associations between JAK-STAT signalling related genes and @entity706 risk. The results implicate a relevant role of certain pathway-related genes in lymphomagenesis, but still need to be approved by independent studies.

title: Association of JAK-STAT pathway related genes with XXXX risk: results of a European case-control study (EpiLymph).

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'different lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-NHL', 'B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']