abstract: Despite the availability of effective treatments for @entity2743 , there are @entity1 who are unable to tolerate, or choose not to accept, current therapies (oral medication, radioactive @entity1496 , or surgery). In this study, we have examined the use of @entity1374 as an option for @entity1 who suffer from @entity2743 and who fit into one of the preceding @entity1 groups. Selective arteriography, followed by @entity887 of thyroid arteries, was performed using Seldinger's technique in 22 @entity1 with @entity2743 . Six of the @entity1 received both @entity1416 and surgery at 2-3 wk after @entity887 . No serious complications were noted in any @entity1 . In those who were treated with only interventional @entity887 , 14 of 22 (63.6%) became euthyroid and remained in this state for the duration of the study. The remaining 2 @entity1 required a maintenance dose of antithyroid drug therapy ( @entity3937 , 5-10 mg/d; or @entity5652 , 50-100 mg/d). @entity1 were followed for a median time of 27 months (range, 6-50). At the end of the follow-up period, all 22 @entity1 were euthyroid, the size of thyroid gland had decreased by one third to one half its original volume, but 2 @entity1 continued to require antithyroid drugs. Histologic analysis of thyroid tissue from 6 @entity1 who had @entity887 followed by surgery showed that @entity887 blocked both the superior and inferior thyroid arteries plus most of their branches. Evidence of chemical @entity32 , @entity39 , and @entity82 were observed in embolized thyroid tissue. The average diameter of capillary network within the body of the thyroid adjacent to superior and inferior artery was 0.12-0.25 mm, with the smallest ones ranging from 0.04-0.11 mm. The diameter of the capillaries in the isthmus ranged from 0.13-0.15 mm. The average diameters of the superior and inferior arteries were 2-5.5 and 3-3.75 mm, respectively, measured using radiographs from angiography. Based on the measured diameters of arteries, the appropriate size of embolizing granules can be selected, and complete @entity887 of the majority of the thyroid glands was achieved with a high frequency of therapeutic success. Histological examination of the thyroid tissue and clinical follow-up after @entity887 indicate that this procedure is an effective, minimally invasive, and safe method for the treatment of @entity2743 @entity1 who cannot, or choose not to, accept current therapies.

title: @entity1416 : a novel approach to thyroid ablative therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity283 ( @entity283 ) has been investigated widely in @entity1 with @entity1118 , but no study has focused particularly on the situation of @entity1 with persistent @entity2531 . AIMS: To survey the impairments of @entity1 with @entity2531 ( @entity1479 -10: F45.4) and to predict @entity158 and @entity283 on the basis of coping styles. METHODS: A consecutively recruited sample of 100 @entity1 (65% female) was examined in a cross-sectional study. Questionnaires were administered to assess @entity158 intensity (visual analogue scale), @entity158 ( @entity158 Disability Index), quality of life (Short-Form Health Survey-36), and ways of coping with @entity158 (Coping Strategies Questionnaire). To predict @entity158 and @entity283 , a multiple linear regression analysis was carried out. RESULTS: @entity283 of @entity1 with somatoform @entity158 is strongly and significantly reduced compared with the general population. Among the coping measures, Increasing @entity158 Behaviors and Catastrophizing have a negative influence on @entity1 ' @entity158 and the physical components of @entity283 . The mental component of @entity283 was predicted solely by Catastrophizing. No positive effect of active coping styles on health-related outcome variables could be observed. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with persistent @entity2531 feel severely impaired. A clear pattern emerges for negative effects of the coping styles Increasing @entity158 Behaviors and Catastrophizing, while the identification of beneficial coping failed.

title: Determinants of health-related quality of life in @entity1 with persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQOL', 'Health-related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform pain disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related disabilities', 'Pain', 'pain-related impairments', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['somatoform pain disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity283 ( @entity283 ) has been investigated widely in @entity1 with @entity1118 , but no study has focused particularly on the situation of @entity1 with persistent @entity2531 . AIMS: To survey the impairments of @entity1 with @entity2531 ( @entity1479 -10: F45.4) and to predict @entity158 and @entity283 on the basis of coping styles. METHODS: A consecutively recruited sample of 100 @entity1 (65% female) was examined in a cross-sectional study. Questionnaires were administered to assess @entity158 intensity (visual analogue scale), @entity158 ( @entity158 Disability Index), quality of life (Short-Form Health Survey-36), and ways of coping with @entity158 (Coping Strategies Questionnaire). To predict @entity158 and @entity283 , a multiple linear regression analysis was carried out. RESULTS: @entity283 of @entity1 with somatoform @entity158 is strongly and significantly reduced compared with the general population. Among the coping measures, Increasing @entity158 Behaviors and Catastrophizing have a negative influence on @entity1 ' @entity158 and the physical components of @entity283 . The mental component of @entity283 was predicted solely by Catastrophizing. No positive effect of active coping styles on health-related outcome variables could be observed. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with persistent @entity2531 feel severely impaired. A clear pattern emerges for negative effects of the coping styles Increasing @entity158 Behaviors and Catastrophizing, while the identification of beneficial coping failed.

title: Determinants of health-related quality of life in XXXX with persistent @entity2531 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Treatment with steam and/or dilute @entity6674 are commonly used techniques to disinfect manufacturing vessels and tools in the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this procedure is sanitisation and inactivation of microbiological and viral contaminants. Here we describe the inactivation of the @entity19 parvovirus @entity25190 (MVM) under these conditions. Parvoviruses are known to be resistant to physico-chemical treatment and one representative of this family, the @entity8344 , is a potential contaminant of blood plasma. We show inactivation kinetics for MVM treated with wet-heat (70, 80, 90 degrees C) and with 0.01-1 M @entity6674 solutions (pH >/=11.9). Robust inactivation was only achieved at 90 degrees C for at least 10 min and in @entity6674 solutions of pH >/=12.8 (0.1 M @entity6674 ). It was observed, that aggregation of viruses might protect viral particles from inactivation by @entity6674 . Therefore, appropriate sample preparation of spiking material is important for accurate simulation of the naturally occurring situation. The observed stability at pH 11.8 exceeds the previously reported upper limit of pH 9. Inactivation was due to disintegration of the viral capsid as assessed by accessibility of viral DNA for endonucleases.

title: Stability of XXXX against temperature and sodium hydroxide.

entities_list: @entity25190 :: ('10794', 'Species') :: ['Minute Virus of Mice']

entities_list: @entity8344 :: ('10798', 'Species') :: ['human parvovirus B19']

answer: @entity25190 :: (10794,Species) :: ['minute virus of mice']


abstract: @entity19937 (ECP) was used in beef heifers receiving a controlled internal drug release (CIDR; insertion = Day 0) device for fixed-time AI (FTAI) in four experiments. In Experiment 1, heifers (n = 24) received 1mg ECP or 1mg ECP plus 50mg commercial @entity1420 (CP) preparation i.m. on Day 0. Eight or 9 days later, CIDR were removed, @entity7309 was administered and heifers were allocated to receive 0.5mg ECP i.m. concurrently (ECP0) or 24h later (ECP24). There was no effect of treatment (P = 0.6) on mean (+/-S.E.M.) day of follicular wave emergence (3.9+/-0.4 days). Interval from CIDR removal to ovulation was affected (P<0.05) only by duration of CIDR treatment (88.3+/-3.8h versus 76.4+/-4.1h; 8 days versus 9 days, respectively). In Experiment 2, 58 heifers received 100mg @entity1420 and either 5mg @entity53 -17beta or 1mg ECP i.m. (E-17beta and ECP groups, respectively) on Day 0. Seven (E-17beta group) or 9 days (ECP group) later, CIDR were removed, @entity7309 was administered and heifers received ECP (as in Experiment 1) or 1mg EB 24h after CIDR removal, with FTAI 58-60h after CIDR removal. Follicular wave emergence was later (P<0.02) and more variable (P<0.002) in heifers given ECP than in those given E-17beta (4.1+/-0.4 days versus 3.3+/-0.1 days), but pregnancy rate was unaffected (overall, 69%; P = 0.2). In Experiment 3, 30 heifers received a CIDR device and 5mg E-17beta, with or without 100mg @entity1420 (P) i.m. on Day 0. On Day 7, CIDR were removed and heifers received ECP as described in Experiment 1 or no @entity53 (Control). Intervals from CIDR removal to ovulation were shorter (P<0.05) in ECP0 (81.6+/-5.0h) and ECP24 (86.4+/-3.5h) groups than in the Control group (98.4+/-5.6h). In Experiment 4, heifers (n = 300) received a CIDR device, E-17beta, P, and @entity7309 (as in Experiment 3) and after CIDR removal were allocated to three groups (as in Experiment 2), with FTAI 54-56h (ECP0) or 56-58h (ECP24 and EB24) after CIDR removal. Pregnancy rate did not differ among groups (overall, 63.6%, P = 0.96). In summary, although 1mg ECP (with or without @entity1420 ) was less efficacious than 5mg E-17beta plus 100mg @entity1420 for synchronizing follicular wave emergence, 0.5mg ECP (at CIDR removal or 24h later) induced a synchronous ovulation with an acceptable pregnancy rate to fixed-time AI.

title: Effects of XXXX (ECP) on ovarian follicular dynamics, synchrony of ovulation, and fertility in CIDR-based, fixed-time AI programs in beef heifers.

entities_list: @entity19937 :: ('MESH:C007630', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol cypionate']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity19937 :: (MESH:C007630,Chemical) :: ['estradiol cypionate']


abstract: Monolayers of @entity4747 ( @entity4748 ) and @entity4748 / @entity40680 ( @entity40680 ) (7:3, w/w) in the absence or in the presence of 2, 5, 10, or 20 weight percent of porcine surfactant protein @entity25097 were spread at the air-liquid interface of a surface balance, compressed up to surface pressures in the liquid-expanded/liquid-condensed (LE-LC) plateau of the isotherm, transferred onto mica supports, and analyzed by scanning force microscopy. In the absence of protein, the films showed micrometer-sized condensed domains with morphology and size that were analogous to those observed in situ at the air-liquid interface by epifluorescence microscopy. Scanning force microscopy permits examination of the coexisting phases at a higher resolution than previously achieved with fluorescent microscopy. Both LE and LC regions of @entity4748 films were heterogeneous in nature. LC microdomains contained numerous expanded-like islands whereas regions apparently liquid-expanded were covered by a condensed-like framework of interconnected nanodomains. Presence of increasing amounts of pulmonary surfactant protein @entity25097 affected the distribution of the LE and LC regions of @entity4748 and @entity4748 / @entity40680 films both at the microscopic and the nanoscopic level. The condensed microdomains became more numerous but their size decreased, resulting in an overall reduction of the amount of total LC phase in both @entity4748 and @entity4748 / @entity40680 films. At the nanoscopic level, @entity25097 also caused a marked reduction of the size of the condensed-like nanodomains in the LE phase and an increase in the length of the LE/LC interface. @entity25097 promotes a fine nanoscopic framework of lipid and lipid-protein nanodomains that is associated with a substantial mechanical resistance to film deformation and @entity397 as observed during film transference and manipulation. The effect of @entity25097 on the nanoscopic structure of the lipid films was greater in @entity4748 / @entity40680 than in pure @entity4748 films, indicating additional contributions of electrostatic lipid-protein interactions. The alterations of the nanoscopic structures of phospholipid films by @entity25097 provide the structural framework for the protein simultaneously sustaining structural stability as well as dynamical flexibility in surfactant films at the extreme conditions imposed by the respiratory mechanics. @entity25097 also formed segregated two-dimensional clusters that were associated with the boundaries between LC microdomains and the LE regions of @entity4748 and @entity4748 / @entity40680 films. The presence of these clusters at protein-to-lipid proportions above 2% by weight suggests that the concentration of @entity25097 in the surfactant lipid-protein complexes may be close to the solubility limit of the protein in the lipid films.

title: Effect of pulmonary surfactant protein XXXX on the micro- and nanostructure of phospholipid films.

entities_list: @entity40680 :: ('MESH:C030345', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol', 'DPPG']

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine']

answer: @entity25097 :: (6439,Gene) :: ['SP-B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent surveys in emergency medicine departments show inadequacies in many aspects of acute @entity565 management. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the adherence to management algorithm for acute @entity565 in the emergency department which focused on evidence-based treatment steps rather than documentation and @entity1 classification. METHODS: A retrospective audit of consecutive adult @entity1 with acute exacerbations of @entity565 in the emergency medicine department of a university hospital managed in the context of a clinical algorithm. RESULTS: We collated information from 344 episodes of acute @entity565 (94% of total) over a 4-month period. The first-line treatment was nebulised bronchodilators in 97%, combination of @entity3045 and @entity13265 in 93% and the combination in recommended dosages in 87%. Systemic @entity228 treatment was administered to 82% of @entity1 . A further course of systemic @entity228 was prescribed at discharge for 94% of @entity1 . Overall, 93% of @entity1 received some form of systemic @entity228 treatment. The admission rate was 35.2%, and was significantly higher in @entity1 and the elderly. Of those who were admitted, 46.2% received > or = 3 nebulised treatments and 69% received intravenous @entity701 . CONCLUSIONS: In the management of acute @entity565 , we found excellent compliance with specific treatment steps based upon clinical evidence. However, adherence to second-line treatment was less satisfactory. Nevertheless, whenever second-line treatment was complied with, reasonable outcomes were achieved. It may be more appropriate to emphasise evidence-based treatment rather than extensive documentation.

title: Emergency department XXXX : compliance with an evidence-based management algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Our objectives were to evaluate the safety of intravenous 1.0-M @entity2288 injections in @entity1 with an indication for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE MRA) of supra-aortal, pelvic, or peripheral arteries by examining and assessing adverse events, laboratory values, vital signs and ECG findings for clinical significance. In 435 @entity1 , recruited in three multicenter trials for safety evaluations of the new contrast agent 1.0-M @entity2288 , CE MRA was performed with 1.0- to 1.5-T scanners using three-dimensional gradient-echo sequences and phased-array coils. The study population comprised 312 @entity1 and 123 @entity1 with a mean age of 60.9 years. Two hundred seven @entity1 had an indication for imaging of body arteries and 228 had an indication for imaging of peripheral arteries. Blood laboratory values and urinalysis results of 124 @entity1 as well as heart rate, blood pressure, and 12-lead-electrocardiogram readings of 93 @entity1 obtained during a follow-up period of up to 72 h after the injection of contrast media were available for safety analysis. Contrast media application was performed as intravenous bolus injection of 1.0-M @entity2288 in fixed doses according to the @entity1 ' body weight (b.w.) and indication for CE MRA and was followed by a 20- to 40-ml saline flush. Mean dose actually applied was 0.1 0.27 mmol/kg b.w. Flow rate ranged between 0.2 and 2.0 ml/s. Safety evaluations found a good tolerability with only 4.6% of at least "possibly related" adverse reactions and no clinically relevant changes in blood and urine samples including no transmetallation effect on serum zinc values. Analysis of renal tolerance showed no influence on renal function irrespective of preexisting @entity8 . The ECG analysis (rhythm analysis, pace-setting disturbances, conduction disturbances, and time interval measurements, including uncorrected and corrected QT) showed no clinically relevant effect of the injection of 1.0-M @entity2288 on the cardiac conduction system. Intravenous injection of 1.0-M @entity2288 at a dose of up to 0.1 0.27 mmol/kg b.w. in the indication CE MRA is safe and causes no clinically relevant changes in safety parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, blood and urine laboratory values, and cardiac conduction system.

title: Safety of contrast-enhanced MR angiography employing XXXX 1.0 M as contrast material.

entities_list: @entity2288 :: ('MESH:C090600', 'Chemical') :: ['gadobutrol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

answer: @entity2288 :: (MESH:C090600,Chemical) :: ['gadobutrol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) is used increasingly for the diagnosis of mediastinal, biliopancreatic, and @entity356 . However, little is known about EUS-FNA in hepatic lesions and the best method for tissue analysis. We assessed EUS-FNA combined with histological and cytological evaluation in selected @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 41 @entity1 (66 +/- 7 years) were prospectively studied, 33 of whom had clinical findings suggestive of @entity409 . Selection for EUS-FNA was based on an increased risk of @entity548 from percutaneous biopsy ( @entity1003 , @entity82 , @entity843 , @entity117 intake; n = 15), presence of small @entity96 < 2 cm (n = 12), or @entity409 found incidentally (n = 14). Transgastric EUS-FNA of lesions located in accessible liver segments was performed using the Hitachi FG-34UX longitudinal echo endoscope and a 22-G aspiration needle. Specimens were submitted separately for standard cytological and histological evaluation. In the case of @entity5 , findings at surgery with histological examination, endoscopy, or computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy of the primary @entity5 served as reference results (n = 33), while in benign disorders, a combination of imaging studies (Magnetic Resonance Tomography <MRT>, scintigraphy) and the clinical follow-up, as summarized in the physician's report, was used as reference. RESULTS: EUS-FNA provided appropriate biopsy specimens in 40/41 @entity1 . It was not possible to aspirate sufficient material in one @entity1 . On average, 1.4 needle passes were necessary to obtain sufficient amounts of tissue. With regard to @entity5 , the combination of histological and cytological examination had a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 100%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 78%, and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 100%. Tissue diagnoses were in agreement in 27/41 @entity1 (65%). In the remaining @entity1 , only the cytological examination identified six lesions correctly, while the histological assessment was correct in another seven @entity1 . Malignant lesions were correctly identified by cytology in 24/33 (73%) @entity1 , while histology alone was diagnostic for @entity5 in 27/33 (82%) @entity1 . When both modalities were combined, 31 out of 33- @entity5 (94%) were correctly diagnosed. Minor complications occurred in two @entity1 and consisted of self-limiting local @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: EUS-FNA of @entity96 is a powerful, reliable, and safe procedure for the diagnosis of @entity409 . Optimal diagnostic results are achieved by combining cytological with histological assessment. Hence, EUS-FNA is an alternative to percutaneous biopsy, particularly in @entity1 at risk of @entity548 or with small lesions of the liver.

title: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of XXXX : histological and cytological assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver malignancies', 'malignant liver lesions', 'liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver lesions']


abstract: @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) is an @entity16 caused by mutations in the @entity14050 gene. Classical splicing mutations (type I) delete entire exons during pre-mRNA splicing. In this report, we describe nine examples of nonclassical splicing mutations in 12 @entity1129 @entity1 and compare cDNA changes to estimates of splice junction strengths based on maximum entropy modeling. These mutations fall into three categories: pseudoexon insertions (type II), single @entity377 changes within the exon (type III), and intronic changes that disrupt the conserved 3' splice sequence and lead to partial exon deletion (type IV). Four @entity1 with a previously reported type II (pseudoexon) mutation all shared a common founder haplotype. Three @entity1 with apparent missense or silent mutations actually had type III aberrant splicing and partial deletion of an exon. Five @entity1 had type IV mutations that could have been misinterpreted as classical splicing mutations. Instead, their mutations disrupt a splice site and use another AG splice site located nearby within the exon; they lead to partial deletions at the beginning of exons. These nonclassical splicing mutations create frameshifts that result in premature termination codons. Without screening cDNA or using accurate models of splice site strength, the consequences of these genomic mutations cannot be reliably predicted. This may lead to further misinterpretation of genotype-phenotype correlations and may subsequently impact upon gene-based therapeutic approaches.

title: Nonclassical splicing mutations in the coding and noncoding regions of the XXXX Gene: maximum entropy estimates of splice junction strengths.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['Ataxia-telangiectasia', 'A-T']

answer: @entity14050 :: (472,Gene) :: ['ATM']


abstract: Differences in the onset of puberty were assessed in male @entity5872 from a @entity35628 ( @entity35628 , control) line and two lines that had been genetically selected for reduced (low stress, @entity8433 ) or exaggerated (high stress, HS) plasma @entity2819 response to brief mechanical restraint. At 42 d of age, cloacal gland area (CAREA) and volume (CVOL), proportion of individuals that produced cloacal gland foam (PICF), and intensity of cloacal gland foam production (CFP) were examined in 60 representatives from each of these quail lines. CFP was quantified by subjective scaling of the amount of foam ejected upon manual expression (squeezing) of the foam gland, using a scale of 1 (no foam expressed) to 5 (maximum amount of foam expression). Mean CAREA and CVOL were similar in quail of the @entity35628 and HS lines, but these measures were greater (P < 0.01) in the @entity8433 quail. In addition, more (P < 0.05) @entity8433 than HS birds expressed foam at 42 d, whereas @entity35628 quail exhibited an intermediate PICF response that was not different from either selected line. CFP results mimicked those found for PICF (i.e., @entity8433 quail produced a greater (P < 0.05) amount of foam than HS birds, whereas @entity35628 quail showed intermediate production that was not different from @entity8433 or HS levels). In prepubertal and pubertal @entity5872 , cloacal gland @entity1184 is @entity342 -dependent and highly positively correlated with testes size as well as sexual activity. Cloacal gland foam production is also considered a reliable indicator of testicular size and activity. Thus, we conclude that selection for reduced adrenocortical responsiveness in Coturnix is associated with acceleration in the onset of puberty in males. The potential interaction between adrenocortical and testicular activity as it relates to male reproductive performance is discussed.

title: Selection of XXXX for reduced adrenocortical responsiveness accelerates puberty in males.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese quail']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thymectomy is an effective, but radical therapy for @entity1737 . Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) may allow a minimally invasive alternative to the standard sternotomy approach. AIMS: To audit prospectively the outcome of VATS thymectomy for @entity1737 in a unit specializing in advanced VATS techniques. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 underwent VATS thymectomy between 1997 and 2001. Most underwent preoperative plasma exchange therapy. Seventeen @entity1 and nine @entity1 with a median age of 36 years (range 17-71 years) had a right-sided VATS approach to remove all anterior mediastinal fat and thymic tissue. RESULTS: There was no perioperative mortality and all procedures were concluded successfully, with one @entity1 requiring sternotomy. Twenty-five @entity1 were extubated in theatre and one @entity1 required 17 h of assisted ventilation. The other significant complication was a diathermy @entity128 , which recovered. Median postoperative stay was 4 days (range 2-6 days), with median postoperative chest drainage for 2 days (range 1-3 days). Three @entity1 had progression of disease postoperatively. The remainder were asymptomatic (7), improved (14) or stable (2). CONCLUSION: In a dedicated unit with neurological and intensive care support, VATS thymectomy is a safe, effective method of obtaining remission or improvement in @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ). While achieving the same surgical goal, this approach offers advantages of improved cosmesis, shorter recovery time and minimal chest wall disruption over the gold standard of sternotomy. Better @entity1 acceptance of this minimally invasive technique may result in wider application of the benefits of thymectomy in @entity1737 .

title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia', 'MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the phrenic nerve']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: Low-trauma @entity174 of elderly @entity1 are a major public health burden worldwide, and as the number and mean age of older adults in the population continue to increase, the number of @entity174 is also likely to increase. Epidemiologically, however, an additional concern is that, for unknown reasons, the age-standardized incidence (average individual risk) of @entity174 has also risen in many populations during the recent decades. Possible reasons for this rise include a birth cohort effect, deterioration in the average bone strength by time, and increased average risk of (serious) falls. Literature provides evidence that the rise is not due to a birth cohort effect, whereas no study shows whether @entity79 has increased during this relatively short period of time. This @entity170 hypothesis could, however, be tested if researchers would now repeat the population measurements of bone mass and density that were made in the late 1980s and the 1990s. If such studies proved that @entity1 's and @entity1 's age-standardized mean values of bone mass and density have declined over time, the @entity170 hypothesis would receive scientific support. The third explanation is based on the hypothesis that the number and/or severity of falls has risen in elderly populations during the recent decades. Although no study has directly tested this hypothesis, a great deal of indirect epidemiologic evidence supports this contention. For example, the age-standardized incidence of fall-induced severe @entity542 , @entity2981 and contusions, and joint distortions and dislocations has increased among elderly @entity1 similarly to the low-trauma @entity174 . The fall hypothesis could also be tested in the coming years because the 1990s saw many research teams reporting age- and sex-specific incidences of falling for elderly populations, and the same could be done now to provide data comparing the current incidence rates of falls with the earlier ones.

title: Why is the age-standardized incidence of low-trauma XXXX rising in many elderly populations?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone fragility']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: We determined the comparative efficacy of @entity560 , @entity175 , @entity1388 , and @entity171 for the management of corticosteroid-induced @entity170 using meta-regression models. A systematic search for trials was conducted using MEDLINE, bibliographic references, abstracts from national meetings, and contact with pharmaceutical companies and content experts. We included all randomized controlled trials, lasting at least 6 months, of adult @entity1 on oral corticosteroids that evaluated treatment comparisons between @entity560 , @entity175 , @entity171 , or @entity1388 either with no therapy/ @entity460 or with each other and that reported extractable results. The outcome measure of interest was change in lumbar spine @entity79 ( @entity79 ). We identified 45 eligible trials, which provided 49 eligible treatment comparisons (some trials had three arms or more). Our results indicated that @entity171 were the most effective class (effect size 1.03; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.17); results were similar even when newer generations of @entity1568 -containing @entity171 were excluded from analysis. We found the efficacy of @entity171 was enhanced further when used in combination with @entity560 (effect size, 1.31; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.50). @entity560 and @entity175 were more effective than no therapy/ @entity460 (effect size, 0.46; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.62; and effect size, 0.51; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.67, respectively) and were of similar efficacy, but both were significantly less effective than @entity171 . @entity1388 appeared effective, but there were too few studies (n = 5) to draw robust conclusions regarding its efficacy compared with the other three therapies. In summary, @entity171 are the most effective of evaluated agents for managing corticosteroid-induced @entity170 . The efficacy of @entity171 is enhanced further with concomitant use of @entity560 .

title: The comparative efficacy of drug therapies used for the management of corticosteroid-induced XXXX : a meta-regression.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride', 'Fluoride']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) has recognized physiological actions in the nervous system and other tissues, but there is no documented evidence of GAL influencing normal or pathological bone metabolism. GAL expression, however, is upregulated in central and peripheral nerves following axotomy and is known to influence neural regeneration. Thus, severance of skeletal-associated nerves during @entity174 could similarly increase local GAL concentrations and thereby influence @entity174 healing. The initial aim of this study was therefore to identify the presence of GAL in normal bone and/or @entity174 by assessing the concentration and cellular localization of GAL in intact and/or @entity174 @entity35 rib, using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Groups of @entity35 (13 weeks old) had their left sixth ribs surgically @entity174 or underwent sham surgery and then calluses and nonfractured rib samples were analyzed at 1 and 2 weeks postsurgery (n = 5-6 per group). Low (basal) concentrations of GAL were detected in control ribs, whereas at 1 and 2 weeks postfracture, callus samples contained markedly increased levels of peptide ( approximately 32- and 18-fold increase, respectively, relative to controls; P < 0.01), revealing a strong upregulation during bone healing. Plasma GAL concentrations were also increased at 2 weeks postfracture (P < 0.005). In normal (nonfractured) rib, minimal levels of @entity3817 ( @entity3817 ) were present in cortical bone, periosteum, endosteum, and surrounding skeletal muscle. In costal cartilage plates, intense GAL- @entity3817 was present in all chondrocytes of the @entity1184 zone and in a population of chondrocytes in the reserve zone. GAL- @entity3817 was not present, however, in chondrocytes in the proliferative zone of costal cartilage or skeletal muscle fibers. In @entity174 , levels of GAL- @entity3817 were moderate to intense in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts, in some chondrocytes, and in cartilaginous, osseous, and periosteal matrices. Subsequent studies revealed the presence of @entity49975 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity49975 - @entity3817 ) in most cell types shown to contain GAL- @entity3817 , although the distribution of @entity49975 - @entity3817 was more extensive in reserve zone chondrocytes than that of GAL- @entity3817 ; and @entity49975 - @entity3817 also appeared in late proliferative zone chondrocytes of costal cartilage. In summary, GAL concentrations were significantly increased in @entity174 and plasma of @entity35 that underwent rib @entity174 . In addition, GAL- and @entity49975 - @entity3817 was also detected in specific cells and structures within costal cartilage, bone, and @entity174 . These results strongly implicate GAL in aspects of cartilage growth plate physiology and @entity174 repair, possibly acting in an autocrine/paracrine fashion via @entity49975 .

title: Expression of galanin and XXXX in normal bone and during @entity174 repair in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured', 'fracture callus', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity3817 :: ('MESH:C537505', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'GAL-like immunoreactivity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity49975 :: (50577(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['galanin receptor-1']


abstract: The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) has recognized physiological actions in the nervous system and other tissues, but there is no documented evidence of GAL influencing normal or pathological bone metabolism. GAL expression, however, is upregulated in central and peripheral nerves following axotomy and is known to influence neural regeneration. Thus, severance of skeletal-associated nerves during @entity174 could similarly increase local GAL concentrations and thereby influence @entity174 healing. The initial aim of this study was therefore to identify the presence of GAL in normal bone and/or @entity174 by assessing the concentration and cellular localization of GAL in intact and/or @entity174 @entity35 rib, using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Groups of @entity35 (13 weeks old) had their left sixth ribs surgically @entity174 or underwent sham surgery and then calluses and nonfractured rib samples were analyzed at 1 and 2 weeks postsurgery (n = 5-6 per group). Low (basal) concentrations of GAL were detected in control ribs, whereas at 1 and 2 weeks postfracture, callus samples contained markedly increased levels of peptide ( approximately 32- and 18-fold increase, respectively, relative to controls; P < 0.01), revealing a strong upregulation during bone healing. Plasma GAL concentrations were also increased at 2 weeks postfracture (P < 0.005). In normal (nonfractured) rib, minimal levels of @entity3817 ( @entity3817 ) were present in cortical bone, periosteum, endosteum, and surrounding skeletal muscle. In costal cartilage plates, intense GAL- @entity3817 was present in all chondrocytes of the @entity1184 zone and in a population of chondrocytes in the reserve zone. GAL- @entity3817 was not present, however, in chondrocytes in the proliferative zone of costal cartilage or skeletal muscle fibers. In @entity174 , levels of GAL- @entity3817 were moderate to intense in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts, in some chondrocytes, and in cartilaginous, osseous, and periosteal matrices. Subsequent studies revealed the presence of @entity49975 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity49975 - @entity3817 ) in most cell types shown to contain GAL- @entity3817 , although the distribution of @entity49975 - @entity3817 was more extensive in reserve zone chondrocytes than that of GAL- @entity3817 ; and @entity49975 - @entity3817 also appeared in late proliferative zone chondrocytes of costal cartilage. In summary, GAL concentrations were significantly increased in @entity174 and plasma of @entity35 that underwent rib @entity174 . In addition, GAL- and @entity49975 - @entity3817 was also detected in specific cells and structures within costal cartilage, bone, and @entity174 . These results strongly implicate GAL in aspects of cartilage growth plate physiology and @entity174 repair, possibly acting in an autocrine/paracrine fashion via @entity49975 .

title: Expression of galanin and @entity49975 in normal bone and during XXXX repair in the @entity35 .

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) has recognized physiological actions in the nervous system and other tissues, but there is no documented evidence of GAL influencing normal or pathological bone metabolism. GAL expression, however, is upregulated in central and peripheral nerves following axotomy and is known to influence neural regeneration. Thus, severance of skeletal-associated nerves during @entity174 could similarly increase local GAL concentrations and thereby influence @entity174 healing. The initial aim of this study was therefore to identify the presence of GAL in normal bone and/or @entity174 by assessing the concentration and cellular localization of GAL in intact and/or @entity174 @entity35 rib, using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Groups of @entity35 (13 weeks old) had their left sixth ribs surgically @entity174 or underwent sham surgery and then calluses and nonfractured rib samples were analyzed at 1 and 2 weeks postsurgery (n = 5-6 per group). Low (basal) concentrations of GAL were detected in control ribs, whereas at 1 and 2 weeks postfracture, callus samples contained markedly increased levels of peptide ( approximately 32- and 18-fold increase, respectively, relative to controls; P < 0.01), revealing a strong upregulation during bone healing. Plasma GAL concentrations were also increased at 2 weeks postfracture (P < 0.005). In normal (nonfractured) rib, minimal levels of @entity3817 ( @entity3817 ) were present in cortical bone, periosteum, endosteum, and surrounding skeletal muscle. In costal cartilage plates, intense GAL- @entity3817 was present in all chondrocytes of the @entity1184 zone and in a population of chondrocytes in the reserve zone. GAL- @entity3817 was not present, however, in chondrocytes in the proliferative zone of costal cartilage or skeletal muscle fibers. In @entity174 , levels of GAL- @entity3817 were moderate to intense in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts, in some chondrocytes, and in cartilaginous, osseous, and periosteal matrices. Subsequent studies revealed the presence of @entity49975 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity49975 - @entity3817 ) in most cell types shown to contain GAL- @entity3817 , although the distribution of @entity49975 - @entity3817 was more extensive in reserve zone chondrocytes than that of GAL- @entity3817 ; and @entity49975 - @entity3817 also appeared in late proliferative zone chondrocytes of costal cartilage. In summary, GAL concentrations were significantly increased in @entity174 and plasma of @entity35 that underwent rib @entity174 . In addition, GAL- and @entity49975 - @entity3817 was also detected in specific cells and structures within costal cartilage, bone, and @entity174 . These results strongly implicate GAL in aspects of cartilage growth plate physiology and @entity174 repair, possibly acting in an autocrine/paracrine fashion via @entity49975 .

title: Expression of galanin and @entity49975 in normal bone and during @entity174 repair in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several strategies have been used to detect @entity1534 (Hp) infection along two lines: 1) direct detection of the bacteria, and 2) detection of antigen-antibody assay against Hp. The non-invasive methods include ELISA test of serum, salivary and urine, @entity1133 breath test, and detection of Hp antigen in stool. The latter method (HpSA) has been proven reliable and better than the ELISA test, for it can detect current @entity13639 and is suitable for post-treatment follow-up. Now, a new commercial kit, ImmunoCard STAT HpSA (Meridian Bioscience Europe) has been developed to detect stool Hp antigen. It is simpler and less time-consuming than HpSA. The aim was to examine whether ImmunoCard STAT HpSA is qualified for diagnosis of @entity13639 . METHODOLOGY: 253 @entity1 (163 @entity1 , 90 @entity1 , mean age: 53.3 +/- 13.9 y/o, range: 19-89 y/o) were enrolled in this study. All of them had undergone gastroendoscopy and @entity1133 breath test. 207 @entity1 were diagnosed with peptic ulcer and 46 with @entity3621 . Stool samples were collected within 3 days of their visit for gastroendoscopy and were sent for the Immunocard test. RESULTS: 118 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity13639 and of these, 113 were interpreted as positive by means of the Immunocard test. Among the other 135 @entity1 without @entity13639 , 123 were interpreted as negative by means of the Immunocard test. Sensitivity and specificity were 95.8% and 91.1%, and positive and negative predictive values were 90.4% and 96.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The ImmunoCard STAT HpSA had high sensitivity, and specificity and could be used for mass screening. We concluded that it is a rapid, simple, cheap, reliable, and non-invasive strategy to detect current @entity13639 and can be used in post-Hp eradication follow-up in Taiwan.

title: Evaluation of a newly developed office-based stool test for detecting XXXX : an extensive pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity13639 :: ('MESH:D016481', 'Disease') :: ['Hp infection', 'Hp infections']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to improve local and systemic efficacy of chemotherapeutic interventions we have used a combination of high concentrated plus low continuous regional chemotherapy modulated by @entity2841 cytokine in the treatment of inoperable @entity14 . METHODOLOGY: Sixty-six @entity1 with disseminated inoperable @entity14 received continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy with @entity1487 plus @entity2841 short time application plus chemoembolization Melphalan via an angiographically positioned hepatic artery catheter. The regimen consisted of the following steps: On day 1 + 2 1400 mg/m2 @entity1487 administered intra-arterially in a continuous circadian mode, 60 mg/m2 Rescuvolin given i.v. as a 2-hour infusion, 80 micrograms/m2 @entity2841 given i.a. as a 1-hour infusion, day 3 chemoembolization with 25 mg/m2 Melphalan plus @entity4831 and Gelfoam. RESULTS: 66 @entity1 (38 male/28 female) with a median age of 60.4 years and a median Karnofsky index of 87.3 were treated with 299 cycles of immunochemoembolization. Fifty-four percent of these @entity1 had received prior systemic chemotherapy. Side effects were manifested in all @entity1 , mainly upper @entity490 lasting one to four days and grade 1 or 2 @entity391 . Systemic side effects were mild and transient with a very low rate of @entity1431 . Using World Health Organization response criteria, the following responses could be demonstrated @entity3432 .0%, PR 42.4%, MR 24.2%, SD 18.2%, NR 12.1%. Time to progression was 8 months. Median survival has not been reached after an observation time of 28 months. Two-year survival was 66%. There was no statistically significant difference between chemonaive @entity1 and @entity1 pretreated by any kind of systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive high concentrated regional chemotherapy by use of chemoembolization combined with continuous administered @entity1487 and supplemented with @entity2841 is an effective tool in the therapy of disseminated @entity14 as front line as well as a second-line treatment.

title: Repetitive chemoembolization with melphalan plus intra-arterial immuno-chemotherapy within @entity1487 and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) as effective first- and second-line treatment of disseminated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to improve local and systemic efficacy of chemotherapeutic interventions we have used a combination of high concentrated plus low continuous regional chemotherapy modulated by @entity2841 cytokine in the treatment of inoperable @entity14 . METHODOLOGY: Sixty-six @entity1 with disseminated inoperable @entity14 received continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy with @entity1487 plus @entity2841 short time application plus chemoembolization Melphalan via an angiographically positioned hepatic artery catheter. The regimen consisted of the following steps: On day 1 + 2 1400 mg/m2 @entity1487 administered intra-arterially in a continuous circadian mode, 60 mg/m2 Rescuvolin given i.v. as a 2-hour infusion, 80 micrograms/m2 @entity2841 given i.a. as a 1-hour infusion, day 3 chemoembolization with 25 mg/m2 Melphalan plus @entity4831 and Gelfoam. RESULTS: 66 @entity1 (38 male/28 female) with a median age of 60.4 years and a median Karnofsky index of 87.3 were treated with 299 cycles of immunochemoembolization. Fifty-four percent of these @entity1 had received prior systemic chemotherapy. Side effects were manifested in all @entity1 , mainly upper @entity490 lasting one to four days and grade 1 or 2 @entity391 . Systemic side effects were mild and transient with a very low rate of @entity1431 . Using World Health Organization response criteria, the following responses could be demonstrated @entity3432 .0%, PR 42.4%, MR 24.2%, SD 18.2%, NR 12.1%. Time to progression was 8 months. Median survival has not been reached after an observation time of 28 months. Two-year survival was 66%. There was no statistically significant difference between chemonaive @entity1 and @entity1 pretreated by any kind of systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive high concentrated regional chemotherapy by use of chemoembolization combined with continuous administered @entity1487 and supplemented with @entity2841 is an effective tool in the therapy of disseminated @entity14 as front line as well as a second-line treatment.

title: Repetitive chemoembolization with melphalan plus intra-arterial immuno-chemotherapy within XXXX and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) as effective first- and second-line treatment of disseminated @entity14 .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to improve local and systemic efficacy of chemotherapeutic interventions we have used a combination of high concentrated plus low continuous regional chemotherapy modulated by @entity2841 cytokine in the treatment of inoperable @entity14 . METHODOLOGY: Sixty-six @entity1 with disseminated inoperable @entity14 received continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy with @entity1487 plus @entity2841 short time application plus chemoembolization Melphalan via an angiographically positioned hepatic artery catheter. The regimen consisted of the following steps: On day 1 + 2 1400 mg/m2 @entity1487 administered intra-arterially in a continuous circadian mode, 60 mg/m2 Rescuvolin given i.v. as a 2-hour infusion, 80 micrograms/m2 @entity2841 given i.a. as a 1-hour infusion, day 3 chemoembolization with 25 mg/m2 Melphalan plus @entity4831 and Gelfoam. RESULTS: 66 @entity1 (38 male/28 female) with a median age of 60.4 years and a median Karnofsky index of 87.3 were treated with 299 cycles of immunochemoembolization. Fifty-four percent of these @entity1 had received prior systemic chemotherapy. Side effects were manifested in all @entity1 , mainly upper @entity490 lasting one to four days and grade 1 or 2 @entity391 . Systemic side effects were mild and transient with a very low rate of @entity1431 . Using World Health Organization response criteria, the following responses could be demonstrated @entity3432 .0%, PR 42.4%, MR 24.2%, SD 18.2%, NR 12.1%. Time to progression was 8 months. Median survival has not been reached after an observation time of 28 months. Two-year survival was 66%. There was no statistically significant difference between chemonaive @entity1 and @entity1 pretreated by any kind of systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive high concentrated regional chemotherapy by use of chemoembolization combined with continuous administered @entity1487 and supplemented with @entity2841 is an effective tool in the therapy of disseminated @entity14 as front line as well as a second-line treatment.

title: Repetitive chemoembolization with melphalan plus intra-arterial immuno-chemotherapy within @entity1487 and XXXX ( @entity2841 ) as effective first- and second-line treatment of disseminated @entity14 .

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to improve local and systemic efficacy of chemotherapeutic interventions we have used a combination of high concentrated plus low continuous regional chemotherapy modulated by @entity2841 cytokine in the treatment of inoperable @entity14 . METHODOLOGY: Sixty-six @entity1 with disseminated inoperable @entity14 received continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy with @entity1487 plus @entity2841 short time application plus chemoembolization Melphalan via an angiographically positioned hepatic artery catheter. The regimen consisted of the following steps: On day 1 + 2 1400 mg/m2 @entity1487 administered intra-arterially in a continuous circadian mode, 60 mg/m2 Rescuvolin given i.v. as a 2-hour infusion, 80 micrograms/m2 @entity2841 given i.a. as a 1-hour infusion, day 3 chemoembolization with 25 mg/m2 Melphalan plus @entity4831 and Gelfoam. RESULTS: 66 @entity1 (38 male/28 female) with a median age of 60.4 years and a median Karnofsky index of 87.3 were treated with 299 cycles of immunochemoembolization. Fifty-four percent of these @entity1 had received prior systemic chemotherapy. Side effects were manifested in all @entity1 , mainly upper @entity490 lasting one to four days and grade 1 or 2 @entity391 . Systemic side effects were mild and transient with a very low rate of @entity1431 . Using World Health Organization response criteria, the following responses could be demonstrated @entity3432 .0%, PR 42.4%, MR 24.2%, SD 18.2%, NR 12.1%. Time to progression was 8 months. Median survival has not been reached after an observation time of 28 months. Two-year survival was 66%. There was no statistically significant difference between chemonaive @entity1 and @entity1 pretreated by any kind of systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive high concentrated regional chemotherapy by use of chemoembolization combined with continuous administered @entity1487 and supplemented with @entity2841 is an effective tool in the therapy of disseminated @entity14 as front line as well as a second-line treatment.

title: Repetitive chemoembolization with melphalan plus intra-arterial immuno-chemotherapy within @entity1487 and @entity2841 ( XXXX ) as effective first- and second-line treatment of disseminated @entity14 .

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['GM-CSF']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of the study was to present, on the base of own experience, clinical importance of arterio-venous fistulae involving the vascular system of the abdomen. METHODOLOGY: Clinical material consists of 18 @entity1 in whom abnormal arterio-venous leakage in the abdomen was disclosed by means of imaging diagnostic techniques and Doppler sonographic hemodynamic investigations. Three groups of @entity1 were determined: 1. @entity1 in whom @entity7838 was a primary cause of @entity101 (N = 6), 2. @entity1 in whom the presence of arterio-venous fistulae aggravated @entity101 due to other pathology (N = 7). 3. @entity1 in whom the arterio-venous fistulae did not directly affect portal flow (N = 5). As each case presented a different clinical problem, the therapeutic approach had to be individualized. In 12 @entity1 perarterial embolization was performed, 13 @entity1 were operated on, one @entity1 was listed for liver transplantation. RESULTS: Perarterial embolization was fully effective only in 4 cases. In the remaining 8 cases its effect was transient, but in 4 cases of @entity96 it allowed us to proceed with chemoembolization and the others were subsequently treated surgically. In 12 surgically treated @entity1 the operation proved to be curative. In 1 case of multiple arterio-venous fistulae related to @entity2402 , surgical procedure was unfeasible. One @entity1 , awaiting liver transplantation, died of @entity1578 . CONCLUSIONS: 1. Arterio-venous fistulae (of various etiology) are rarely found in the abdominal cavity, but their presence means usually serious consequences depending on their morphology and localization. 2. Arterio-venous fistulae involving the portal system may result in severe @entity101 . 3. Individually chosen method of treatment, aimed at the occlusion of @entity7838 often proves to be curative. 4. Overlooking or ignoring the presence of intraabdominal arterio-venous fistulae leads to unsuccessful, if not harmful treatment.

title: Intraabdominal arterio-venous fistulae and their relation to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse angiomatosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity7838 :: ('MESH:D001159', 'Disease') :: ['arterio-venous fistula']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['portal hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional neuroimaging studies have demonstrated disturbances in the activity of premotor and motor cortices in @entity191 and in animal models of @entity304 that improve in response to effective basal ganglia surgical therapy. Techniques that directly alter the function of these cortical areas, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, have been applied in @entity1 with @entity191 , with transient improvement in their @entity2845 and gait dysfunction. Recently, a @entity1 with @entity191 was claimed to have obtained a marked bilateral clinical benefit from extradural unilateral motor cortical stimulation. We hypothesized that direct cortical stimulation could alleviate the disability of the treatment-refractory @entity304 commonly present in @entity9576 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of motor cortical stimulation in @entity1 with refractory @entity304 due to @entity9576 ( @entity9576 ). METHODS: Five @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity9576 with predominant @entity304 underwent surgery for subdural motor cortical stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in activities of daily living and motor subscores on the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale 12 hours after medication withdrawal. Scores at baseline and 3 to 6 months following surgery were compared. RESULTS: All @entity1 had a decline in motor scores at the follow-up evaluations despite the application of a variety of adjustments. The activities of daily living score mildly worsened by 9.7% (95% confidence interval, 32.3 to-13.0; P =.37) and the motor score worsened by 25.6% (95% confidence interval, 58.7 to -7.5; P =.06). Despite objective worsening over time and no deterioration when stimulation was immediately turned off, 3 @entity1 still claimed subjective benefit and requested continued stimulation. No @entity1 suffered adverse effects from the surgery or long-term stimulation, although 1 @entity1 had a stimulation-induced @entity410 during the initial programming. The range of settings for 4 @entity1 with @entity162 and 1 @entity1 with monopolar configuration were as follows: amplitude, 3 to 3.6 V; pulse width, 40 to 90 milliseconds; and pulse rate, 145 to 185 Hz. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that motor cortical stimulation using these parameters fails to improve the motor disability in @entity9576 . Worsening of motor scores was likely a function of disease progression.

title: Motor cortical stimulation for XXXX in @entity9576 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar configuration']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian symptoms', 'parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['MSA', 'multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', "Parkinson's Disease", 'refractory Parkinson disease']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional neuroimaging studies have demonstrated disturbances in the activity of premotor and motor cortices in @entity191 and in animal models of @entity304 that improve in response to effective basal ganglia surgical therapy. Techniques that directly alter the function of these cortical areas, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, have been applied in @entity1 with @entity191 , with transient improvement in their @entity2845 and gait dysfunction. Recently, a @entity1 with @entity191 was claimed to have obtained a marked bilateral clinical benefit from extradural unilateral motor cortical stimulation. We hypothesized that direct cortical stimulation could alleviate the disability of the treatment-refractory @entity304 commonly present in @entity9576 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of motor cortical stimulation in @entity1 with refractory @entity304 due to @entity9576 ( @entity9576 ). METHODS: Five @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity9576 with predominant @entity304 underwent surgery for subdural motor cortical stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in activities of daily living and motor subscores on the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale 12 hours after medication withdrawal. Scores at baseline and 3 to 6 months following surgery were compared. RESULTS: All @entity1 had a decline in motor scores at the follow-up evaluations despite the application of a variety of adjustments. The activities of daily living score mildly worsened by 9.7% (95% confidence interval, 32.3 to-13.0; P =.37) and the motor score worsened by 25.6% (95% confidence interval, 58.7 to -7.5; P =.06). Despite objective worsening over time and no deterioration when stimulation was immediately turned off, 3 @entity1 still claimed subjective benefit and requested continued stimulation. No @entity1 suffered adverse effects from the surgery or long-term stimulation, although 1 @entity1 had a stimulation-induced @entity410 during the initial programming. The range of settings for 4 @entity1 with @entity162 and 1 @entity1 with monopolar configuration were as follows: amplitude, 3 to 3.6 V; pulse width, 40 to 90 milliseconds; and pulse rate, 145 to 185 Hz. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that motor cortical stimulation using these parameters fails to improve the motor disability in @entity9576 . Worsening of motor scores was likely a function of disease progression.

title: Motor cortical stimulation for @entity304 in XXXX .

answer: @entity9576 :: (MESH:D019578,Disease) :: ['multiple system atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) ( @entity4574 , @entity2057 ) is a disease of the motor neuron characterized by onset before 6 months of age, failure ever to achieve sitting without support, and a life expectancy of 2 years or less. There is no known treatment for @entity2057 , and, until recently, no therapeutic trials have been attempted. There is reason to believe that @entity2227 , an excitatory neurotransmitter, enhances programmed cell death of anterior horn cells. @entity10891 , a @entity2227 inhibitor, has been shown to slow the rate of decline in @entity1 with @entity746 , another form of @entity4681 . OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a @entity2227 inhibitor might be tolerated by @entity1 with @entity2057 and, furthermore, whether this medication could have a positive effect on life expectancy. DESIGN: Subjects with homozygous deletions of the survival motor neuron gene were recruited from pediatric neuromuscular clinics and randomized in a 2:1 ratio, 2 @entity10891 to 1 placebo. Neurologic examination was performed at the first visit by one of the investigators. Complete blood count, hepatic and renal screens, and urinalysis were performed at baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months after drug or placebo was started. An electrocardiogram was done at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Treatment was stopped after 9 months, and blood work was repeated at 12 months. Treatment was reinstituted at 1 year if requested by the parents. The enrollment goal was 30 @entity1 ; however, support from the pharmaceutical company was withdrawn when Rhone-Poulenc Rorer was taken over by Aventis. The investigational review boards of the participating centers approved the protocol and consent forms. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 received @entity10891 and 3 received placebo medication. All 3 @entity1 in the placebo group died (mean age, 9 months). Three of 7 who received active drug are still living at ages 513 years, 4 years, and 30 months. None of the 10 subjects experienced adverse effects or changes in laboratory test results. None showed any change in motor abilities. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10891 appears to be safe in young @entity1 . This was a limited study with insufficient power to show a difference between the 2 groups. Because there is a suggestion of possible benefit in treated subjects, we recommend further study of @entity10891 in pediatric @entity1 with @entity2057 .

title: A phase 1 trial of XXXX in @entity2057 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity4574 :: ('MESH:D014897', 'Disease') :: ['Werdnig-Hoffmann disease']

entities_list: @entity10891 :: ('MESH:D019782', 'Chemical') :: ['Riluzole', 'riluzole']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['acute SMA, and SMA I', 'spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA']

answer: @entity10891 :: (MESH:D019782,Chemical) :: ['riluzole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) ( @entity4574 , @entity2057 ) is a disease of the motor neuron characterized by onset before 6 months of age, failure ever to achieve sitting without support, and a life expectancy of 2 years or less. There is no known treatment for @entity2057 , and, until recently, no therapeutic trials have been attempted. There is reason to believe that @entity2227 , an excitatory neurotransmitter, enhances programmed cell death of anterior horn cells. @entity10891 , a @entity2227 inhibitor, has been shown to slow the rate of decline in @entity1 with @entity746 , another form of @entity4681 . OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a @entity2227 inhibitor might be tolerated by @entity1 with @entity2057 and, furthermore, whether this medication could have a positive effect on life expectancy. DESIGN: Subjects with homozygous deletions of the survival motor neuron gene were recruited from pediatric neuromuscular clinics and randomized in a 2:1 ratio, 2 @entity10891 to 1 placebo. Neurologic examination was performed at the first visit by one of the investigators. Complete blood count, hepatic and renal screens, and urinalysis were performed at baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months after drug or placebo was started. An electrocardiogram was done at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Treatment was stopped after 9 months, and blood work was repeated at 12 months. Treatment was reinstituted at 1 year if requested by the parents. The enrollment goal was 30 @entity1 ; however, support from the pharmaceutical company was withdrawn when Rhone-Poulenc Rorer was taken over by Aventis. The investigational review boards of the participating centers approved the protocol and consent forms. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 received @entity10891 and 3 received placebo medication. All 3 @entity1 in the placebo group died (mean age, 9 months). Three of 7 who received active drug are still living at ages 513 years, 4 years, and 30 months. None of the 10 subjects experienced adverse effects or changes in laboratory test results. None showed any change in motor abilities. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10891 appears to be safe in young @entity1 . This was a limited study with insufficient power to show a difference between the 2 groups. Because there is a suggestion of possible benefit in treated subjects, we recommend further study of @entity10891 in pediatric @entity1 with @entity2057 .

title: A phase 1 trial of @entity10891 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']


abstract: Our objective was to create an animal preparation displaying long-term electrical alterations after chronic regional energetic stress without @entity296 . An Ameroid (AM) constrictor was implanted around the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) 2 wk before chronic rapid ventricular pacing ( @entity25587 ) was initiated at 240 beats/min for 4 wk ( @entity25587 -AM). Comparisons were made with healthy @entity235 and @entity235 with either AM or @entity25587 . Unipolar electrograms were recorded from 191 sites in the LCx territory in open-chest, anesthetized animals during sinus rhythm and while pacing at 120-150 beats/min, with bouts of transient rapid pacing (TRP; 240/min). In @entity25587 -AM and AM, ST segment elevation was identified at central sites and ST @entity308 at peripheral sites, both increasing with TRP. In @entity25587 -AM and @entity25587 , the maximum negative slope of unipolar activation complexes was significantly depressed and activation-recovery intervals prolonged. Areas of inexcitability as well as irregular isocontour patterns displaying localized activation-recovery intervals shortening and gradients >20 ms between neighboring sites were identified in one-third of @entity25587 -AM at slow rate, with increasing incidence and magnitude in response to TRP. In @entity25587 -AM, programmed stimulation-induced marked conduction delay and block as well as polymorphic @entity1165 , which stabilized into @entity591 with the use of @entity3303 or @entity1818 . Whole cell @entity4024 current and channel protein expression were reduced in @entity25587 . Despite complete constrictor closure, small areas of @entity39 were detected in a minority of @entity25587 -AM. Long-term electrical alterations and their exacerbation by TRP contribute to @entity943 formation in collateral-dependent myocardium subjected to chronic tachycardic stress.

title: Myocardial electrical alteration in XXXX preparations with combined chronic rapid pacing and progressive coronary artery occlusion.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scarring']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['monomorphic tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the survey was to assess the prevalence of clinically diagnosed @entity626 ( @entity571 ) in two general practice populations in the Wessex region (practice A: a deprived urban population and practice B: an affluent rural population) and to assess both conventional and complementary therapy use in these two populations. METHODS: All @entity1 over 55 yr with a clinical diagnosis of knee @entity571 , as identified from the practice computerized records, were sent a questionnaire about their knee @entity158 and their use of conventional and complementary treatments. RESULTS: A total of 4566 @entity1 over 55 yr were registered in the two practices. Of these, 828 (18.13%) had a clinical diagnosis of knee @entity571 and 240 (29%) @entity1 were asymptomatic at the time of survey. Physiotherapy was under-utilized with only 13.1% of @entity1 having received either hospital- or GP-based physiotherapy. There was a high prevalence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, being significantly more in the affluent population (P < 0.05). In the affluent population there were statistically more social class groups 1-3a; statistically more NSAIDs, @entity4823 and @entity13488 were also used. The median amount spent on complementary medicine per month was 5.00 UK pounds, with the affluent population spending significantly more (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this population, physiotherapy is an under-utilized treatment for knee @entity571 , in spite of its recommendation as first-line treatment in all guidelines. Complementary medicines and therapies are commonly used, particularly in affluent populations.

title: The use of conventional and complementary treatments for XXXX in the community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity13488 :: ('CHEBI:37397', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulphate']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis was performed in @entity1 with @entity2371 ( @entity2371 ). The strength of adduction of the hips was measured and compared with the scores of commonly used disease severity measures of @entity158 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the reliability and validity of using hip adduction strength as measure of disease severity in @entity1 with @entity2371 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Various tools are used to measure disease severity in @entity2371 ; there is still a need for simple tests with high reliability and validity. METHODS: Intra- and intertester reliability of hip adduction strength measurement was assessed in two small groups of @entity1 with @entity2371 . Validity of hip adduction strength to measure disease severity was investigated in a group of 200 @entity1 with @entity2371 by comparing the test scores with the medical history, scores on self-reported scales on disability, @entity158 , and tiredness, @entity158 provocation tests, and the active straight leg raise test. Responsiveness of hip adduction strength was assessed in a group of 75 @entity1 with @entity2371 . Global impression of improvement, scored by the @entity1 , was used as criterion standard. The responsiveness of the hip adduction strength was expressed as the standardized response mean and was compared with the responsiveness of the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale. RESULTS: The intratester reliability for measuring hip adduction strength and the intraclass correlation coefficient were both 0.79. The intertester reliability for measurement of adduction strength and the intraclass correlation coefficient were also both 0.79. Hip adduction strength correlated as expected with all disease severity measures. Responsiveness of the hip adduction strength was large (standardized response mean = 0.93) and slightly less than that of the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (standardized response mean = 1.20). CONCLUSION: Hip adduction strength can be recommended to measure disease severity in @entity2371 , especially to describe groups of @entity1 and to evaluate the course of the disease in groups as well as in individual @entity1 . Decreased hip adduction strength appears to be caused by the inability to use the hip muscles rather than by weakness of the muscles.

title: Reliability and validity of hip adduction strength to measure disease severity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['posterior pelvic pain since pregnancy', 'PPPP']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbopelvic pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['posterior pelvic pain since pregnancy']


abstract: The hallmarks of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) are leukocytic infiltration of the synovium and expansiveness of @entity8553 ( @entity8553 ). The abnormal proliferation of @entity8553 and their resistance to apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, by present in @entity309 joints proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Because @entity8252 exerts properties of antiapoptotic and growth factors, and is produced by @entity309 @entity8553 , we hypothesized that @entity8252 participates in @entity309 @entity8553 activation. To test this hypothesis, we first examined whether @entity309 @entity8553 express chains required for high affinity functional IL-15R. Indeed, @entity309 @entity8553 express @entity44262 at mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of @entity3647 and common gamma-chains. Interestingly, @entity310 or @entity1356 triggered significant elevation of @entity44262 chain at mRNA and protein levels. Next, we investigated the effects of exogenous or endogenous @entity8252 on @entity588 and @entity1836 expression, @entity8553 proliferation, and apoptosis. Exogenous @entity8252 enhanced @entity309 @entity8553 proliferation and increased the level of mRNA-encoding @entity1836 . To test the role of endogenous @entity8252 in the activation of @entity309 @entity8553 , an @entity8252 mutant/Fcgamma2a protein exerting properties of specific antagonist to the @entity44262 chain was used. We found that blocking @entity8252 biological activities using this protein substantially reduced endogenous expression of @entity588 and @entity1836 (L), and @entity309 @entity8553 proliferation that was reflected by increased apoptosis. Thus, we have demonstrated that a distinctive phenotype of @entity309 @entity8553 , i.e., persistent activation, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis, is related to the autocrine activation of IL-15Rs by @entity8553 -derived @entity8252 .

title: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from @entity309 patients express functional @entity8252 receptor complex: endogenous XXXX in autocrine fashion enhances cell proliferation and expression of @entity1836 and @entity588 .

entities_list: @entity8553 :: ('MESH:C565779', 'Disease') :: ['FLS', 'fibroblast-like synoviocytes']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity8252 :: (3600,Gene) :: ['IL-15']


abstract: The hallmarks of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) are leukocytic infiltration of the synovium and expansiveness of @entity8553 ( @entity8553 ). The abnormal proliferation of @entity8553 and their resistance to apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, by present in @entity309 joints proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Because @entity8252 exerts properties of antiapoptotic and growth factors, and is produced by @entity309 @entity8553 , we hypothesized that @entity8252 participates in @entity309 @entity8553 activation. To test this hypothesis, we first examined whether @entity309 @entity8553 express chains required for high affinity functional IL-15R. Indeed, @entity309 @entity8553 express @entity44262 at mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of @entity3647 and common gamma-chains. Interestingly, @entity310 or @entity1356 triggered significant elevation of @entity44262 chain at mRNA and protein levels. Next, we investigated the effects of exogenous or endogenous @entity8252 on @entity588 and @entity1836 expression, @entity8553 proliferation, and apoptosis. Exogenous @entity8252 enhanced @entity309 @entity8553 proliferation and increased the level of mRNA-encoding @entity1836 . To test the role of endogenous @entity8252 in the activation of @entity309 @entity8553 , an @entity8252 mutant/Fcgamma2a protein exerting properties of specific antagonist to the @entity44262 chain was used. We found that blocking @entity8252 biological activities using this protein substantially reduced endogenous expression of @entity588 and @entity1836 (L), and @entity309 @entity8553 proliferation that was reflected by increased apoptosis. Thus, we have demonstrated that a distinctive phenotype of @entity309 @entity8553 , i.e., persistent activation, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis, is related to the autocrine activation of IL-15Rs by @entity8553 -derived @entity8252 .

title: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from @entity309 patients express functional XXXX receptor complex: endogenous @entity8252 in autocrine fashion enhances cell proliferation and expression of @entity1836 and @entity588 .

answer: @entity8252 :: (3600,Gene) :: ['IL-15']


abstract: The hallmarks of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) are leukocytic infiltration of the synovium and expansiveness of @entity8553 ( @entity8553 ). The abnormal proliferation of @entity8553 and their resistance to apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, by present in @entity309 joints proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Because @entity8252 exerts properties of antiapoptotic and growth factors, and is produced by @entity309 @entity8553 , we hypothesized that @entity8252 participates in @entity309 @entity8553 activation. To test this hypothesis, we first examined whether @entity309 @entity8553 express chains required for high affinity functional IL-15R. Indeed, @entity309 @entity8553 express @entity44262 at mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of @entity3647 and common gamma-chains. Interestingly, @entity310 or @entity1356 triggered significant elevation of @entity44262 chain at mRNA and protein levels. Next, we investigated the effects of exogenous or endogenous @entity8252 on @entity588 and @entity1836 expression, @entity8553 proliferation, and apoptosis. Exogenous @entity8252 enhanced @entity309 @entity8553 proliferation and increased the level of mRNA-encoding @entity1836 . To test the role of endogenous @entity8252 in the activation of @entity309 @entity8553 , an @entity8252 mutant/Fcgamma2a protein exerting properties of specific antagonist to the @entity44262 chain was used. We found that blocking @entity8252 biological activities using this protein substantially reduced endogenous expression of @entity588 and @entity1836 (L), and @entity309 @entity8553 proliferation that was reflected by increased apoptosis. Thus, we have demonstrated that a distinctive phenotype of @entity309 @entity8553 , i.e., persistent activation, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis, is related to the autocrine activation of IL-15Rs by @entity8553 -derived @entity8252 .

title: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from @entity309 patients express functional @entity8252 receptor complex: endogenous @entity8252 in autocrine fashion enhances cell proliferation and expression of XXXX and @entity588 .

answer: @entity1836 :: (598,Gene) :: ['Bcl-x(L)']


abstract: The hallmarks of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) are leukocytic infiltration of the synovium and expansiveness of @entity8553 ( @entity8553 ). The abnormal proliferation of @entity8553 and their resistance to apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, by present in @entity309 joints proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Because @entity8252 exerts properties of antiapoptotic and growth factors, and is produced by @entity309 @entity8553 , we hypothesized that @entity8252 participates in @entity309 @entity8553 activation. To test this hypothesis, we first examined whether @entity309 @entity8553 express chains required for high affinity functional IL-15R. Indeed, @entity309 @entity8553 express @entity44262 at mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of @entity3647 and common gamma-chains. Interestingly, @entity310 or @entity1356 triggered significant elevation of @entity44262 chain at mRNA and protein levels. Next, we investigated the effects of exogenous or endogenous @entity8252 on @entity588 and @entity1836 expression, @entity8553 proliferation, and apoptosis. Exogenous @entity8252 enhanced @entity309 @entity8553 proliferation and increased the level of mRNA-encoding @entity1836 . To test the role of endogenous @entity8252 in the activation of @entity309 @entity8553 , an @entity8252 mutant/Fcgamma2a protein exerting properties of specific antagonist to the @entity44262 chain was used. We found that blocking @entity8252 biological activities using this protein substantially reduced endogenous expression of @entity588 and @entity1836 (L), and @entity309 @entity8553 proliferation that was reflected by increased apoptosis. Thus, we have demonstrated that a distinctive phenotype of @entity309 @entity8553 , i.e., persistent activation, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis, is related to the autocrine activation of IL-15Rs by @entity8553 -derived @entity8252 .

title: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from XXXX patients express functional @entity8252 receptor complex: endogenous @entity8252 in autocrine fashion enhances cell proliferation and expression of @entity1836 and @entity588 .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The hallmarks of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) are leukocytic infiltration of the synovium and expansiveness of @entity8553 ( @entity8553 ). The abnormal proliferation of @entity8553 and their resistance to apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, by present in @entity309 joints proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Because @entity8252 exerts properties of antiapoptotic and growth factors, and is produced by @entity309 @entity8553 , we hypothesized that @entity8252 participates in @entity309 @entity8553 activation. To test this hypothesis, we first examined whether @entity309 @entity8553 express chains required for high affinity functional IL-15R. Indeed, @entity309 @entity8553 express @entity44262 at mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of @entity3647 and common gamma-chains. Interestingly, @entity310 or @entity1356 triggered significant elevation of @entity44262 chain at mRNA and protein levels. Next, we investigated the effects of exogenous or endogenous @entity8252 on @entity588 and @entity1836 expression, @entity8553 proliferation, and apoptosis. Exogenous @entity8252 enhanced @entity309 @entity8553 proliferation and increased the level of mRNA-encoding @entity1836 . To test the role of endogenous @entity8252 in the activation of @entity309 @entity8553 , an @entity8252 mutant/Fcgamma2a protein exerting properties of specific antagonist to the @entity44262 chain was used. We found that blocking @entity8252 biological activities using this protein substantially reduced endogenous expression of @entity588 and @entity1836 (L), and @entity309 @entity8553 proliferation that was reflected by increased apoptosis. Thus, we have demonstrated that a distinctive phenotype of @entity309 @entity8553 , i.e., persistent activation, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis, is related to the autocrine activation of IL-15Rs by @entity8553 -derived @entity8252 .

title: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from @entity309 patients express functional @entity8252 receptor complex: endogenous @entity8252 in autocrine fashion enhances cell proliferation and expression of @entity1836 and XXXX .

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: @entity1463 epithelioid @entity1492 is a rare @entity5 characterised histologically by a predominant population of epithelioid cells arranged in strands and nests, embedded in a fibrotic and hyalinised stroma. It is a low grade @entity5 with an indolent course. A 48 year old @entity1 presented with a @entity158 her back for six months. Investigation and biopsy revealed features of sclerosing epithelioid @entity1492 involving the left half of the sacrum, left sacro-iliac joint, and posterior part of the left ilium. Preoperative radiotherapy and wide location excision of the @entity5 were followed by metastatic recurrence of the @entity5 in the lung and scalp six years after initial presentation. The @entity5 showed typical histology of sclerosing epithelioid @entity1492 . The radiological features confirmed its primary location in the sacrum. The @entity1 declined chemotherapy and died of disseminated disease eight years after initial presentation. Review of the literature confirms the fact that sclerosing epithelioid @entity1492 , despite its low grade, is a clinicopathologically distinct @entity5 with full malignant potential, the recurrence, @entity3 , and mortality rate being 48%, 60%, and 35%, respectively. @entity1463 epithelioid @entity1492 can occur as a primary @entity5 , the clinical behaviour of which is probably similar to its soft tissue counterpart.

title: Primary sclerosing epithelioid XXXX of the sacrum: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['Sclerosing']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful swelling over']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1492 :: (MESH:D005354,Disease) :: ['fibrosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Falls from balconies and windows are an important cause of @entity130 . This study investigated the circumstances around such falls and attempted to identify possible measures for their prevention. POPULATION: @entity1 <15 years living in Dallas County, Texas. METHODS: Each @entity1 treated because of a fall from a building in 1997-99 had information about the injury collected, and a parent was contacted to obtain further information. For apartment related falls, an attempt was made to visit the apartment to measure windows and balcony rails. RESULTS: Ninety eight @entity1 were injured in falls from buildings during the three year period; 39 (40%) were admitted to hospital. Seventy five of the falls (77%) involved apartments, and most occurred around noon or evening meal times. Among apartment falls, 39 (52%) fell from windows, 34 (45%) from balconies, and two (3%) from unknown sites. For more than two thirds of balcony related falls, the @entity1 fell from between the balcony rails, all of which were spaced more than 4 inches (10 cm) apart. On-site measurement showed the rails were an average of 7.5 inches (19 cm) apart; all of these apartments were built before 1984. For more than two thirds of window related falls, the window was situated within 2 feet (61 cm) of the floor. CONCLUSIONS: Two factors are important in falls from apartment windows and balconies: balcony rails more than 4 inches (10 cm) apart, and windows positioned low to the floor. Current building codes do not apply to older apartments, where most of these falls occurred. Nevertheless, these factors may be amenable to environmental modifications that may prevent most of these falls.

title: XXXX due to falls from apartment balconies and windows.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['childhood injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Childhood injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although the illegal use of recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (rhGH) to enhance performance is increasing among athletes, no official test for its detection has yet been implemented. The aim of this work was to study how prolonged rhGH administration in trained subjects influences the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, in order to evaluate new methods in antidoping tests. METHODS: Morning serum @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), @entity442 , @entity10513 , @entity2301 , @entity442 / @entity10513 , and @entity2301 / @entity10513 ratios were evaluated before, during (8th and 15th days), and at the end and after cessation (+3, +6, +9, +12, and +15 d) of a 3-wk treatment with different doses of rhGH (0.09 IU.kg BW(-1).d(-1) for 6 or 3 d a week, i.e., the A and B trials, respectively) in seven well-trained subjects not involved in competitive sports. The blood collections pre- and during treatment were performed immediately before the daily rhGH dose. RESULTS: In both trials, significant increases of @entity442 (higher in the A trial) and @entity2301 serum concentrations during rhGH administration were observed. Serum @entity2301 remained significantly increased in the A trial 3 d after treatment cessation. In the A trial only, two subjects had IFG-I concentrations exceeding the upper limit of the reference range. No modifications of serum @entity2124 , @entity10513 and @entity442 / @entity10513 , and @entity2301 / @entity10513 ratios were observed. The z-score evaluation for @entity2301 detected @entity2124 exposure in 100% of subjects only at end treatment in A trial. CONCLUSION: Although @entity442 and @entity2301 seem potentially the most specific markers of rhGH assumption, our data suggest that for antidoping purposes a single evaluation of their absolute serum concentration is not a sufficiently secure method to detect rhGH abuse in all subjects, especially in the case of low rhGH doses.

title: XXXX , IGFBP-2, and -3: do they have a role in detecting rhGH abuse in trained @entity1 ?

entities_list: @entity10513 :: ('3485', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-2', 'IGF binding protein (BP)-2']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['IGF-I']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although the illegal use of recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (rhGH) to enhance performance is increasing among athletes, no official test for its detection has yet been implemented. The aim of this work was to study how prolonged rhGH administration in trained subjects influences the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, in order to evaluate new methods in antidoping tests. METHODS: Morning serum @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), @entity442 , @entity10513 , @entity2301 , @entity442 / @entity10513 , and @entity2301 / @entity10513 ratios were evaluated before, during (8th and 15th days), and at the end and after cessation (+3, +6, +9, +12, and +15 d) of a 3-wk treatment with different doses of rhGH (0.09 IU.kg BW(-1).d(-1) for 6 or 3 d a week, i.e., the A and B trials, respectively) in seven well-trained subjects not involved in competitive sports. The blood collections pre- and during treatment were performed immediately before the daily rhGH dose. RESULTS: In both trials, significant increases of @entity442 (higher in the A trial) and @entity2301 serum concentrations during rhGH administration were observed. Serum @entity2301 remained significantly increased in the A trial 3 d after treatment cessation. In the A trial only, two subjects had IFG-I concentrations exceeding the upper limit of the reference range. No modifications of serum @entity2124 , @entity10513 and @entity442 / @entity10513 , and @entity2301 / @entity10513 ratios were observed. The z-score evaluation for @entity2301 detected @entity2124 exposure in 100% of subjects only at end treatment in A trial. CONCLUSION: Although @entity442 and @entity2301 seem potentially the most specific markers of rhGH assumption, our data suggest that for antidoping purposes a single evaluation of their absolute serum concentration is not a sufficiently secure method to detect rhGH abuse in all subjects, especially in the case of low rhGH doses.

title: @entity442 , IGFBP-2, and -3: do they have a role in detecting rhGH abuse in trained XXXX ?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']