abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify any changes in Doppler parameters in the thyroid arteries of pediatric @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity5651 living in an area where @entity5651 is endemic. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 20 pediatric @entity1 with simple @entity4759 and 20 age-matched healthy subjects underwent sonographic examination. The resistance index (RI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) on duplex sonography were measured from the inferior thyroid arteries, and the thyroid gland volume was recorded. Serum thyrotropin, free T3 hormone, and free T4 hormone levels were measured in both groups. RESULTS: The mean thyroid volume (+/- standard deviation) was significantly higher in the @entity1 than in the healthy subjects (7.2 +/- 1.4 ml versus 3.2 +/- 1.1 ml; p < 0.01). The mean RI values for the thyroid arteries were significantly lower in the @entity1 than in the control group (0.58 versus 0.70, respectively; p < 0.05). The mean PSV of the thyroid arteries was significantly higher for the @entity1 than for the healthy subjects (mean, 36.7 cm/second versus 18.3 cm/second, respectively; p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the Doppler parameters and any of the hormone levels evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: In the arteries supplying the thyroid gland in a pediatric population, RIs were lower and PSVs higher in the @entity1 with @entity5651 than in the healthy control group. We discuss @entity1496 deficiency as a possible mechanism for these changes.

title: Doppler evaluation of the thyroid in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['goiter', 'diffuse goiter']

entities_list: @entity4759 :: ('MESH:D006043', 'Disease') :: ['endemic goiter']

answer: @entity5651 :: (MESH:D006042,Disease) :: ['goiter']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathology of @entity421 in oral and maxillofacial region. METHODS: Clinical, histopathological features of 61 cases of @entity421 in oral and maxillofacial region were studied. RESULTS: The ratio of male to female was 1.26:1, with the mean age 39.8. 32.8% cases were occurred in maxilla and 57.4% cases in mandible. Histologically 55.7% were osteoblastic, 16.4% were chondroblastic and 21.3% were fibroblastic. All @entity5 presented common histological feature that the neoplastic cells produced neoplastic bone. The recurrence rate of the @entity5 was 39.1% and the @entity3 rate to lung was 8.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Oral and maxillofacial @entity421 was most frequently occurred in mandible. There was no significant difference in @entity1 's gender. @entity1 were about 10 years older than those suffered the @entity5 in long bone. Osteoblastic type was the most commonly occurred histological type. The recurrence rate of the @entity5 was relatively high and the @entity3 rate to lung was low. It seems that the @entity5 had good prognosis than @entity421 of long bone.

title: [ XXXX of maxillofacial area: a clinicopathological study of 61 cases].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Osteosarcoma']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine if better results could be achieved by comparing the results of a thoracic sympathetic ramicotomy (division of rami communicantes) with a conventional thoracic sympathicotomy (division of sympathetic trunk) for treating essential @entity1119 . From August 2001 to February 2002, 29 consecutive @entity1 underwent surgery of the sympathetic nerves in order to treat severe essential @entity1119 . Of these @entity1 , a ramicotomy was performed under VATS (VATS-R) in 13 @entity1 , sympathicotomy under VATS (VATS-S) in 13, a unilateral ramicotomy and contralateral sympathicotomy under VATS (VATS-RS) in 2 and a sympathicotomy via a thoracotomy (T-S) in 1. There was no significant difference between the VATS ramicotomy group (VATS-R, n=13) and VATS sympathicotomy group (VATS-S, n=13) in terms of gender, @entity456 or comorbidities. However, the age of the VATS-S group at surgery was higher than that of the VATS-R group (p=0.050). The operation times, and hospital stays of the groups were 51.5 and 41.9 minutes, and 2.0 and 2.3 days, respectively. The recurrence rate of the operated sites according to the surgical methods (ramicotomy and sympathicotomy regardless of VATS) was 21.4% (6/28) in the ramicotomy group and 6.7% (2/30) in the sympathicotomy group, but there was no statistical significance (p=0.101). This study compared the dryness of the enervated sites and the severity of @entity3190 among the ramicotomy (n=11, excluded 2 re-operated cases from 13 VATS-R), sympathicotomy (n=14, VATS-S 13 and T-S 1) and the synchronous or metachronous ramicotomy/sympathicotomy groups (n=4, included 2 reoperated cases of VATS-R). The sympathicotomy group had an over-dryness of the enervated sites (dryness 1.4, from 1 to 3; 1:over-dried, 2:humid, 3:persistent sweating) and complained of severe @entity3190 (severity 3.5, from 1 to 4; 1:absent, 2:mild, 3:embarrassing, 4:disabling). However, the @entity1 whounderwent a ramicotomy maintained some humidity of the enervated sites (dryness 2.0, p=0.012) and showed milder @entity3190 (severity 2.7, p=0.056) than those in the sympathicotomy group. Furthermore, the dryness of the ramicotomy side was different from that of the sympathicotomy side in 3 out of 4 ramicotomy / sympathicotomy (R+S) @entity1 (the side of the ramicotomy was humid and that of the sympathicotomy was over-dried). The average dryness and the @entity3190 at these sites were in the midst of the two groups (dryness and severity 1.6 and 3.0, respectively). A ramicotomy can prevent over-dryness of the enervated area and decrease the severity of @entity3190 through the selective division of the rami communicantes of the thoracic sympathetic ganglia. Postoperatively, almost all ramicotomy @entity1 had no functional problems in daily life or in their occupational activity, because they could maintain hand humidity. Moreover, they showed no more than a mild degree of @entity3190 and reported high long-term satisfaction rates. Therefore, a sympathetic ramicotomy rather than a conventional sympathicotomy is recommended as a more selective and physiologic modality for treating essential @entity1119 .

title: The comparison of VATS ramicotomy and VATS sympathicotomy for treating essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory sweating']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural adhesions']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: Local drug delivery by coronary stents is of current research interest. Organ culture of @entity1 vascular tissue is a model of intimal @entity1373 . We report an ex vivo organ culture model of stented vessels. This allows stent-artery interactions to be studied in living tissue. The recognized anti-restenosis agent @entity1311 was chosen to test the organ culture model. Mammary artery specimens were cultured 'closed' (i.e. without opening them flat) for 72 h. @entity2945 -coated stents, half of them loaded with the anti-restenosis drug @entity1311 , were implanted. The absorption and elution characteristics of @entity1311 were established. Artery tissue remained viable at 72 h when cultured closed, despite stent implantation. Specimens developed smooth muscle cell proliferation. The stents absorbed up to 127+/-29 microg of @entity1311 , with a biphasic elution curve. A mean of 13% of the absorbed @entity1311 remained after a 24 h perfusion. In mammary artery, these @entity1311 stents reduced or abolished smooth muscle cell proliferation compared with controls. This model allows the effects of stenting on @entity1 arterial tissue to be studied for at least 72 h, long enough to demonstrate effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation. @entity2945 -coated stents absorb adequate doses of @entity1311 , which is eluted gradually, inhibiting muscle cell proliferation. Such an organ culture model of stented mammary artery will provide useful data in addition to that from animal or cell culture models of @entity734 .

title: @entity1 internal mammary artery organ culture model of coronary stenting: a novel investigation of smooth muscle cell response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphocholine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug-eluting stents']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug-eluting stents']


abstract: Local drug delivery by coronary stents is of current research interest. Organ culture of @entity1 vascular tissue is a model of intimal @entity1373 . We report an ex vivo organ culture model of stented vessels. This allows stent-artery interactions to be studied in living tissue. The recognized anti-restenosis agent @entity1311 was chosen to test the organ culture model. Mammary artery specimens were cultured 'closed' (i.e. without opening them flat) for 72 h. @entity2945 -coated stents, half of them loaded with the anti-restenosis drug @entity1311 , were implanted. The absorption and elution characteristics of @entity1311 were established. Artery tissue remained viable at 72 h when cultured closed, despite stent implantation. Specimens developed smooth muscle cell proliferation. The stents absorbed up to 127+/-29 microg of @entity1311 , with a biphasic elution curve. A mean of 13% of the absorbed @entity1311 remained after a 24 h perfusion. In mammary artery, these @entity1311 stents reduced or abolished smooth muscle cell proliferation compared with controls. This model allows the effects of stenting on @entity1 arterial tissue to be studied for at least 72 h, long enough to demonstrate effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation. @entity2945 -coated stents absorb adequate doses of @entity1311 , which is eluted gradually, inhibiting muscle cell proliferation. Such an organ culture model of stented mammary artery will provide useful data in addition to that from animal or cell culture models of @entity734 .

title: XXXX internal mammary artery organ culture model of coronary stenting: a novel investigation of smooth muscle cell response to @entity734 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the features, diagnosis and treatment of limb @entity1317 caused by traffic accidents. METHODS: A total of 43 @entity1 with limb @entity1317 admitted in our department over the past 30 years (about 50% of them happened during the last 10 years) were analyzed retrospectively in this article. The popliteal, femoral and brachial arteries were mainly involved, accounting for 43.2%, 20.5% and 20.5% respectively of all the involvements. There were 35 cases of open injury and 9 of @entity130 . The involved vessels were transected in 43.2% of the cases and contused in 40.9%. All the @entity1 had various complications, such as @entity174 , @entity3029 and severe soft tissue injuries. The injured vessels were repaired by means of end-to-end @entity254 in 10 cases, autogenous vein graft in 23 cases and intraluminal hydraulic dilatation in 4 cases. RESULTS: Successful limb salvage was achieved in 34 cases initially, whereas 10 amputations were carried out due to injuries to popliteal arteries in 7, femoral arteries in 2 and humeral artery in 1 and severe soft tissue damages in 9 cases. Twenty-nine @entity1 were followed up for 1-156 months, with the average of 48.8 months. There was good circulation in 22 cases and certain @entity63 in 5 cases. Two amputations were carried out in the late stage because of popliteal artery @entity715 after repair in 2 cases. There was no death in this series. CONCLUSIONS: The limb @entity1317 caused by traffic accidents are severe and complicated. It is proposed that particular attentions should be paid to the features in diagnosis and treatment for this @entity130 and special efforts should be made for both life saving and limb salvage.

title: Treatment of limb XXXX caused by traffic accidents.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury', 'arterial injuries']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['close injury', 'type of injury']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocations']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['arterial injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Overviews of randomized trials have shown a small survival advantage with post-surgery radiation in early @entity0 . The present study attempts to extend this observation through a systematic analysis of population data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data on 83,776 @entity1 with @entity0 diagnosed between 1988 and 1997, stage T1-T2, node negative or node positive. The analysis was performed using the proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Radiation was associated with a reduced mortality after breast-conserving surgery in node negative @entity1 (hazard ratio 0.757; 95% confidence interval 0.709-0.809; using total mastectomy without radiation as reference) and in node positive @entity1 (hazard ratio 0.777; 0.717-0.842), and after total mastectomy in node positive @entity1 (hazard ratio 0.885; 0.815-0.961). Radiation was associated with an increased hazard ratio of 1.271 (1.080-1.496) after total mastectomy in node negative @entity1 . Without radiation, breast-conserving surgery in node negative @entity1 was associated with an increased hazard ratio (1.167; 1.036-1.314); a similar increase was not observed in node positive @entity1 (hazard ratio 1.011; 0.884-1.155). In all cases, the best survival rates were found with combined breast-conserving surgery and radiation. CONCLUSION: The available data indicate that post-surgery radiation provides a survival advantage irrespective of the type of surgery in node positive @entity1 . Likewise, survival advantage was observed with post-surgery radiation and breast-conserving procedure in node negative @entity1 .

title: Post-surgery radiation in early XXXX : survival analysis of registry data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: 76 @entity1 were randomly selected to be fitted with U-Coil intrauterine device. The inert U-Coil device was inserted in 39 @entity1 and the @entity1420 releasing U-coil device was inserted in 37 @entity1 . @entity1 fitted with both types of device were followed up for 12 postinserton months. The main side effects of the device were expulsion, removal for pelvic @entity158 and @entity548 and @entity1834 . No expulsion in those @entity1 fitted with inert U-coil device was reported. Expulsion of the @entity1420 U-coil device occurred in 3 @entity1 (8.1%). Removal for @entity548 and @entity158 in @entity1 fitted with inert U-coil was necessary in 2 @entity1 (5.1%). In @entity1 fitter with @entity1420 U-coil, removal for @entity548 and @entity158 was necessary in 1 @entity1 (2.2%). @entity2371 was reported in 10 @entity1 (25.6%) fitted with inert U-coil device, while it was reported in 1o @entity1 (35.1%) fitted with @entity1420 U-coil device. @entity1834 occurred in 29 @entity1 (74.4%) fitted with inert U-coil device compared to 19 @entity1 (59.5%) fitted with @entity1420 U-coil device. All removals of inert U-coil device th removal for @entity548 and @entity158 was only 1 case with uterus in anteverted position and in 1 expulsion the uterus was in midosition.

title: Clinical evaluation of U-coil XXXX releasing device versus inert U-coil IUD.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['Dysmenorrhea', 'dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic pain']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have recently raised considerable interest in view of their key role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression. In proliferating cells, distinct CDKs associated with specific cyclins coordinate in an orchestrated way the appropriate transition between different phases of the cell cycle. Mutations and/or aberrant expression of distinct CDKs and their regulatory components lead to uncontrolled proliferation and finally to @entity105 . However, in post-mitotic neurons, all CDKs with the exception of @entity22445 are silent. @entity22445 , a @entity1521 -directed @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase exhibiting a close structural homology to the mitotic CDKs, binds to @entity22446 , the neuron-specific regulatory subunit of @entity22445 . @entity22445 is very abundant in mature neurons and seems to regulate neurotransmitter release through phosphorylation and down-regulation of @entity460 channel activity. Therefore, the inhibition of CDKs in neurons after oxidative stress and in @entity179 has a protective action. Selective CDKs inhibitors were developed as promising drugs for @entity5 therapy due to their ability to arrest cell cycle progression. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-proliferative effect of @entity9363 (ROSC), a potent CDKs inhibitor, with that of @entity900 (CP) on @entity1 @entity0 MCF-7 cells. ROSC exerted stronger inhibitory effect on proliferation and cell cycle progression of MCF-7 than CP. Accumulation of G(2)/M arrested cells starting 6 h after onset of ROSC treatment coincided with a strong up-regulation of the @entity876 . Reconstitution with @entity522 sensitized MCF-7 cells to CP action. It implicates that ROSC inhibits more selectively and efficaciously the proliferation of @entity1 @entity0 cells.

title: Dual action of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. A comparison of the effects exerted by XXXX and @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity9363 :: ('MESH:C104586', 'Chemical') :: ['roscovitine']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity9363 :: (MESH:C104586,Chemical) :: ['roscovitine']


abstract: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have recently raised considerable interest in view of their key role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression. In proliferating cells, distinct CDKs associated with specific cyclins coordinate in an orchestrated way the appropriate transition between different phases of the cell cycle. Mutations and/or aberrant expression of distinct CDKs and their regulatory components lead to uncontrolled proliferation and finally to @entity105 . However, in post-mitotic neurons, all CDKs with the exception of @entity22445 are silent. @entity22445 , a @entity1521 -directed @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase exhibiting a close structural homology to the mitotic CDKs, binds to @entity22446 , the neuron-specific regulatory subunit of @entity22445 . @entity22445 is very abundant in mature neurons and seems to regulate neurotransmitter release through phosphorylation and down-regulation of @entity460 channel activity. Therefore, the inhibition of CDKs in neurons after oxidative stress and in @entity179 has a protective action. Selective CDKs inhibitors were developed as promising drugs for @entity5 therapy due to their ability to arrest cell cycle progression. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-proliferative effect of @entity9363 (ROSC), a potent CDKs inhibitor, with that of @entity900 (CP) on @entity1 @entity0 MCF-7 cells. ROSC exerted stronger inhibitory effect on proliferation and cell cycle progression of MCF-7 than CP. Accumulation of G(2)/M arrested cells starting 6 h after onset of ROSC treatment coincided with a strong up-regulation of the @entity876 . Reconstitution with @entity522 sensitized MCF-7 cells to CP action. It implicates that ROSC inhibits more selectively and efficaciously the proliferation of @entity1 @entity0 cells.

title: Dual action of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. A comparison of the effects exerted by @entity9363 and XXXX .

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the use of molding helmet therapy in the treatment of positional @entity91 and posterior positional @entity9283 . Four hundred twenty-eight @entity1 with positional @entity91 or @entity9283 were included in this study. In this group of @entity1 , 132 (32%) were treated with positioning alone. Of the 292 (68%) @entity1 who were treated with molding therapy, 64 (21.9%) were treated for positional @entity91 and 248 (78.1%) were treated for posterior positional @entity9283 . All @entity1 were evaluated by a craniofacial surgeon and a pediatric neurosurgeon. Anthropomorphic measurements were used to assess the efficacy of treatment. Measurements were made before initiation of therapy and at 2-month intervals until the completion of therapy. Results showed that statistically significant improvements (P < 0.01) were seen in all @entity1 treated with molding helmet therapy. Overall, the @entity1 with posterior @entity9283 normalized their head shapes; however, the head shapes of the @entity1 with positional @entity91 did not normalize despite statistically significant improvements in their Cephalic Index. It is concluded that molding helmet therapy is an effective treatment of position-induced @entity135 . Helmet therapy is more effective in @entity1 with posterior positional @entity9283 than in @entity1 with positional @entity91 .

title: Molding helmet therapy in the treatment of @entity91 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['brachycephaly']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head shape abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9283 :: ('MESH:D059041', 'Disease') :: ['plagiocephaly']

answer: @entity9283 :: (MESH:D059041,Disease) :: ['plagiocephaly']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the use of molding helmet therapy in the treatment of positional @entity91 and posterior positional @entity9283 . Four hundred twenty-eight @entity1 with positional @entity91 or @entity9283 were included in this study. In this group of @entity1 , 132 (32%) were treated with positioning alone. Of the 292 (68%) @entity1 who were treated with molding therapy, 64 (21.9%) were treated for positional @entity91 and 248 (78.1%) were treated for posterior positional @entity9283 . All @entity1 were evaluated by a craniofacial surgeon and a pediatric neurosurgeon. Anthropomorphic measurements were used to assess the efficacy of treatment. Measurements were made before initiation of therapy and at 2-month intervals until the completion of therapy. Results showed that statistically significant improvements (P < 0.01) were seen in all @entity1 treated with molding helmet therapy. Overall, the @entity1 with posterior @entity9283 normalized their head shapes; however, the head shapes of the @entity1 with positional @entity91 did not normalize despite statistically significant improvements in their Cephalic Index. It is concluded that molding helmet therapy is an effective treatment of position-induced @entity135 . Helmet therapy is more effective in @entity1 with posterior positional @entity9283 than in @entity1 with positional @entity91 .

title: Molding helmet therapy in the treatment of XXXX and @entity9283 .

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['brachycephaly']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the multi-drug efflux transport protein, @entity57839 ( @entity57839 ), on the ocular distribution of a model substrate, @entity5126 . METHODS: Male New Zealand albino @entity95 (2-2.5 kg) were employed in these studies. Animals were kept under anesthesia and a concentric microdialysis probe was implanted in the vitreous humor and a linear probe in the anterior chamber. Isotonic @entity1391 buffered saline was perfused through the probes, and samples were collected every 20 minutes over a period of 10 hours. @entity5126 was administered both systemically (5 mg/kg bodyweight) and intravitreally (5.68 microg and 0.568 microg). Inhibition experiments were performed in vivo in the presence of @entity1855 , which is a known @entity57839 inhibitor. RESULTS: Vitreal pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity5126 in the presence of @entity1855 , i.e., Area under the curve (AUC) (39.27 +/- 6.47 min. microg/ml), maximum concentration achieved (Cmax) (0.095 +/- 0.011 microg/ml), vitreal elimination half-life (231.96 +/- 10.77 min), vitreal permeation half-life (16.57 +/- 6.96 min) were significantly different from the control values (19.21 +/- 3.73 min. microg/ml, 0.05 +/- 0.008 microg/ml, 165.08 +/- 31.5 min, 43.29 +/- 12.5 min respectively). A significant elevation in anterior chamber Cmax and AUC was also observed in the presence of @entity1855 . @entity1855 had no significant effect on vitreal kinetics of @entity5126 following intravitreal dose of 5.68 micro g, but a significant difference was observed at a lower dose of @entity5126 (0.568 microg). A decrease in vitreal elimination half-life and AUC was observed in the presence of @entity1855 relative to control. Ocular kinetics of @entity941 was studied to ascertain ocular barrier integrity in the presence of @entity1855 . Western-blot analysis of retina-choroid sections indicates expression of @entity57839 on @entity95 retina-choroid. CONCLUSION: Results suggest the involvement of a multi drug efflux transporter on the retinal pigment epithelium and @entity1274 affecting the intraocular kinetics of its substrates following systemic and intravitreal administrations.

title: Effect of XXXX on the ocular disposition of a model substrate, @entity5126 .

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinidine', 'quinidine']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural retina']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity57839 :: (100008914(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['P-glycoprotein']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the multi-drug efflux transport protein, @entity57839 ( @entity57839 ), on the ocular distribution of a model substrate, @entity5126 . METHODS: Male New Zealand albino @entity95 (2-2.5 kg) were employed in these studies. Animals were kept under anesthesia and a concentric microdialysis probe was implanted in the vitreous humor and a linear probe in the anterior chamber. Isotonic @entity1391 buffered saline was perfused through the probes, and samples were collected every 20 minutes over a period of 10 hours. @entity5126 was administered both systemically (5 mg/kg bodyweight) and intravitreally (5.68 microg and 0.568 microg). Inhibition experiments were performed in vivo in the presence of @entity1855 , which is a known @entity57839 inhibitor. RESULTS: Vitreal pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity5126 in the presence of @entity1855 , i.e., Area under the curve (AUC) (39.27 +/- 6.47 min. microg/ml), maximum concentration achieved (Cmax) (0.095 +/- 0.011 microg/ml), vitreal elimination half-life (231.96 +/- 10.77 min), vitreal permeation half-life (16.57 +/- 6.96 min) were significantly different from the control values (19.21 +/- 3.73 min. microg/ml, 0.05 +/- 0.008 microg/ml, 165.08 +/- 31.5 min, 43.29 +/- 12.5 min respectively). A significant elevation in anterior chamber Cmax and AUC was also observed in the presence of @entity1855 . @entity1855 had no significant effect on vitreal kinetics of @entity5126 following intravitreal dose of 5.68 micro g, but a significant difference was observed at a lower dose of @entity5126 (0.568 microg). A decrease in vitreal elimination half-life and AUC was observed in the presence of @entity1855 relative to control. Ocular kinetics of @entity941 was studied to ascertain ocular barrier integrity in the presence of @entity1855 . Western-blot analysis of retina-choroid sections indicates expression of @entity57839 on @entity95 retina-choroid. CONCLUSION: Results suggest the involvement of a multi drug efflux transporter on the retinal pigment epithelium and @entity1274 affecting the intraocular kinetics of its substrates following systemic and intravitreal administrations.

title: Effect of @entity57839 on the ocular disposition of a model substrate, XXXX .

answer: @entity5126 :: (MESH:D011802,Chemical) :: ['quinidine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Swiss Institute for Applied @entity5 Research's (SIAK) Network for @entity5 Predisposition Testing and Counseling was established in 1999. To define its role in the care of individuals with @entity4310 predisposition, attitudes, knowledge and perception of primary care physicians towards genetic counseling and testing for @entity0 were examined. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 1391 primary care physicians in private practice in the German-speaking Canton of Z  rich. RESULTS: 628 (45%) questionnaires were returned: 319/778 (41%) general practitioners, 156/367 (43%) internists, 118/218 (54%) obstetrician-gynecologists and 22/28 (76%) oncologists answered. Socio-demographic characteristics were: 74% males and 26% females with a mean age of 51 and a mean number of 14 years in private practice. Fifty-two percent of responding physicians approved of genetic susceptibility testing and seventy-seven percent would recommend it to individuals at risk if asked for it. Of the responding physicians, 47% wanted to disclose test results and discuss its consequences and 79% wanted to provide long term care and support, whereas only 36% and 9%, respectively, assigned these tasks to specialized @entity5 genetics services. Eight knowledge questions had to be answered: 290 (46%) gave 0-2 correct answers, 284 (45%) gave 3-5 and 54 (9%) gave 6-8 correct answers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that the majority of responding primary care physicians in the Canton of Z  rich approve of genetic testing for @entity0 and want to play a central role in the management of these families, but lack the knowledge to do so efficiently. Our findings underline the importance of educational programs in @entity5 genetics.

title: Swiss primary care physicians' knowledge, attitudes and perception towards genetic testing for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['inherited cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['hereditary breast cancer']


abstract: The objective of this retrospective follow-up study was to evaluate the outcome of @entity1 with soft-tissue @entity242 treated by the authors' protocol, which consists of a selective combination of conservative surgery and radiotherapy. @entity1 who relapsed were especially evaluated to improve treatment results. The authors examined 80 @entity1 with local soft-tissue @entity242 in the @entity2045 referred to their multidisciplinary group. Fifteen @entity1 were referred for first or subsequent local recurrence, and 65 @entity1 were treated for @entity5 . The goal of treatment was local control and preservation of a functional limb. Wide excision was attempted. If the margin was less than 2.5 cm, postoperative radiotherapy was administered. Eighty-five percent of the @entity1 were treated by limb salvage. Thirty @entity1 needed reconstructive procedures such as pedicled (20 @entity1 ) or free flaps (10 @entity1 ). No free flaps were lost. The 5-year disease-specific overall survival rate was 75 percent, the local recurrence-free survival rate was 79 percent, and the metastasis-free survival rate was 68 percent. In univariate analysis, prognostic factors for local recurrence were extracompartmental site; for development of @entity3 , large size and extracompartmental site; and for decreased disease-specific overall survival, large size and extracompartmental site. Intramuscular, cutaneous, and @entity5 had a 5-year local control rate of 100 percent, and extracompartmental @entity5 had a local control rate of 69 percent. Extracompartmental @entity5 clearly have the worst prognosis and should be the main target for improving treatment strategies. After exclusion of @entity1 with inadequate treatment according to the authors' protocol, the local control rate at 5 years was 90 percent. Strict adherence to treatment protocol should be practiced.

title: Soft-tissue XXXX of the @entity2045 : surgical treatment and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous tumors', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: The objective of this retrospective follow-up study was to evaluate the outcome of @entity1 with soft-tissue @entity242 treated by the authors' protocol, which consists of a selective combination of conservative surgery and radiotherapy. @entity1 who relapsed were especially evaluated to improve treatment results. The authors examined 80 @entity1 with local soft-tissue @entity242 in the @entity2045 referred to their multidisciplinary group. Fifteen @entity1 were referred for first or subsequent local recurrence, and 65 @entity1 were treated for @entity5 . The goal of treatment was local control and preservation of a functional limb. Wide excision was attempted. If the margin was less than 2.5 cm, postoperative radiotherapy was administered. Eighty-five percent of the @entity1 were treated by limb salvage. Thirty @entity1 needed reconstructive procedures such as pedicled (20 @entity1 ) or free flaps (10 @entity1 ). No free flaps were lost. The 5-year disease-specific overall survival rate was 75 percent, the local recurrence-free survival rate was 79 percent, and the metastasis-free survival rate was 68 percent. In univariate analysis, prognostic factors for local recurrence were extracompartmental site; for development of @entity3 , large size and extracompartmental site; and for decreased disease-specific overall survival, large size and extracompartmental site. Intramuscular, cutaneous, and @entity5 had a 5-year local control rate of 100 percent, and extracompartmental @entity5 had a local control rate of 69 percent. Extracompartmental @entity5 clearly have the worst prognosis and should be the main target for improving treatment strategies. After exclusion of @entity1 with inadequate treatment according to the authors' protocol, the local control rate at 5 years was 90 percent. Strict adherence to treatment protocol should be practiced.

title: Soft-tissue @entity242 of the XXXX : surgical treatment and outcome.

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['upper extremity']


abstract: @entity521 risk stratification is based on stage, age, and biology and prescribes surgery for low-risk disease, moderate-dose chemotherapy for intermediate-risk disease, and maximal therapy (including myeloablative treatment with stem cell transplantation) for high-risk disease. Four cases are described that depict pitfalls in risk assessment with potentially far-reaching consequences. This report focuses on a subset of four @entity1 referred for second opinions. Stage was defined by the International @entity521 Staging System. The first recommendations were for maximal therapy, but second opinions were radically different (ie, surgery alone). Ages at diagnosis were 15 to 25 months. Shimada histopathology was unfavorable in three of the four @entity1 , but chromosomal, serum, and urine prognostic markers were favorable. All four @entity1 did well without cytotoxic therapy (follow-up: 2 years 10 months plus to 4 years 8 months plus). @entity1 1 had abdominal and upper thoracic/supraclavicular masses (stage 4); the former was resected and the latter spontaneously regressed. @entity1 2 had @entity66 , without bone marrow involvement, but imaging studies showed lesions in vertebral bodies. Biopsies of the latter showed no @entity521 and the @entity5 (with regional lymph nodes) was resected, changing stage from 4 to 2B. @entity1 3 had a retroperitoneal mass but no distant disease. Though initially deemed to be unresectable, the @entity5 was excised, changing the classification from high risk (stage 3 with unfavorable histopathology) to low risk (stage 1). @entity1 4 had a pelvic mass, with unfavorable histopathology, and bilateral inguinal lymph node involvement (stage 3); all soft tissue disease was resected. The absence of cortical bone and extensive bone marrow metastatic involvement in a young @entity521 @entity1 should cause a shift in attention to biologic prognostic markers. Some @entity1 classified as having high-risk @entity521 might actually do well with no cytotoxic therapy.

title: Radically different treatment recommendations for newly diagnosed XXXX : pitfalls in assessment of risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal disease']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Problems associated with the @entity6 foot are worldwide. However, there may be regional variation among risk factors and clinical presentation. Prospective comparative data concerning this topic are rare. AIM: To determine differences in underlying risk factors and clinical presentation of foot problems among @entity1 with @entity6 in different regions. @entity1 AND METHODS: Six hundred and thirteen consecutive @entity1 with @entity2316 from three centres [Soest-Germany (GER), Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania (TAN) and Chennai, India (IND)] were included during the period June 1998 through December 1999. @entity6 -related data, risk-factor profiles, and lesion-related data were collected for each @entity1 . Due to varying proportions of recurrent lesions among the centres, only data from @entity1 with newly presenting @entity2316 were analysed. RESULTS: Of the 613 @entity1 sampled, 368 (60%) were treated for newly presenting @entity2316 . In all three centres, @entity1 were predominately male and had @entity164 2 @entity6 . The average @entity6 duration until the onset of the initial foot lesion was 14 years in GER and 12 years in IND, but only 5 years in @entity27376 . The corresponding @entity1 ages were 71, 56 and 51 years. @entity16 was common to @entity1 in all three centres. @entity1095 ( @entity1095 ) was a frequent risk factor in GER (48%). In TAN and IND it was far less common (12 and 13%), probably due to younger @entity1 populations, @entity6 and lower proportions of smokers. Inadequate footwear was the most common cause of foot lesions in GER (19%), while lack of footwear, irregular foot care and burns were the primary precipitating factors among @entity1 in TAN and IND. CONCLUSION: Similarities in different regions of the world among @entity1 with @entity6 suffering newly presenting foot lesions include a predominance of males and @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , as well as a high frequency of @entity3949 . However, differences concerning age, @entity6 duration, @entity1095 , and precipitating factors contributing to injury are also observed.

title: Regional differences in risk factors and clinical presentation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral vascular disease', 'PVD', 'peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'shorter diabetes duration', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot lesion', 'diabetic foot lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot lesions']


abstract: Symptom monitoring and quality-of-life (QOL) evaluation in @entity2 @entity1 might improve care. Brief, valid, and responsive tools are available to measure symptoms and their effect on QOL. Instruments available for use in @entity2 @entity1 can be classified into 3 categories: generic, @entity5 -specific, and @entity2 symptom-specific. These instruments might assist clinicians in assessing and interpreting treatment outcomes from the @entity1 perspective. They also can assist in treatment decision making, symptom palliation, and they might even be prognostic of survival. Over the past 20 years, these brief evaluations have been used in clinical trials to evaluate @entity1 -reported outcomes. Now, with the advent of less toxic, targeted molecular therapies such as @entity4562 (Iressa) in @entity1149 , these instruments' value in showing symptomatic improvement from @entity5 control or regression might be further enhanced. To date, however, such assessments are not widely implemented in routine clinical practice. To better understand benefits of such assessments, we review existing evidence surrounding the instruments' use, evaluate their success, and highlight recent developments. We hope to encourage clinicians to incorporate these evaluations in clinical practice.

title: The validity and clinical utility of symptom monitoring in advanced XXXX : a literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Light plays a key role in the development and physiology of plants. One of the most profound effects of light on plant development is the derepression of expression of an array of light-responsive genes, including the genes encoding the @entity11231 ( @entity11231 ) of photosystem II. To understand the mechanism by which light signals nuclear gene expression, we developed a genetic selection to identify mutants with reduced @entity11231 transcription. Here, we describe a new @entity958 locus, @entity30402 (for @entity11231 underexpressed). Mutations at this locus result in defects in expression of several light-regulated genes, specifically in mesophyll but not in bundle-associated or epidermis cells. Reduced accumulation of @entity11231 and other photosynthesis-related mRNAs in the mesophyll was correlated with defects in chloroplast development in these cells, resulting in a reticulate pattern with veins greener than the interveinal regions of leaves. Moreover, @entity25368 synthase mRNA, although known to be regulated by both phytochrome and a blue light receptor, accumulated normally in the leaf epidermis. Dark basal levels of @entity11231 expression were unaffected in etiolated @entity30402 seedlings; however, induction of @entity11231 transcription by pulses of red and blue light was reduced, suggesting that @entity30402 acts downstream from both phytochrome and blue light photoreceptors. @entity30402 appears to play a role in the primary derepression of mesophyll-specific gene expression in response to light, because @entity30402 mutants are severely deficient at establishing photoautotrophic growth. Based on this characterization, we propose that @entity30402 is a cell-specific positive regulator linking light and intrinsic developmental programs in @entity958 leaf mesophyll cells.

title: XXXX : A Mesophyll Cell-Specific Positive Regulator of Light-Controlled Gene Expression in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity11231 :: ('MESH:C563602', 'Disease') :: ['chlorophyll a/b binding proteins', 'CAB']

answer: @entity30402 :: (833308(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['CUE1']


abstract: Light plays a key role in the development and physiology of plants. One of the most profound effects of light on plant development is the derepression of expression of an array of light-responsive genes, including the genes encoding the @entity11231 ( @entity11231 ) of photosystem II. To understand the mechanism by which light signals nuclear gene expression, we developed a genetic selection to identify mutants with reduced @entity11231 transcription. Here, we describe a new @entity958 locus, @entity30402 (for @entity11231 underexpressed). Mutations at this locus result in defects in expression of several light-regulated genes, specifically in mesophyll but not in bundle-associated or epidermis cells. Reduced accumulation of @entity11231 and other photosynthesis-related mRNAs in the mesophyll was correlated with defects in chloroplast development in these cells, resulting in a reticulate pattern with veins greener than the interveinal regions of leaves. Moreover, @entity25368 synthase mRNA, although known to be regulated by both phytochrome and a blue light receptor, accumulated normally in the leaf epidermis. Dark basal levels of @entity11231 expression were unaffected in etiolated @entity30402 seedlings; however, induction of @entity11231 transcription by pulses of red and blue light was reduced, suggesting that @entity30402 acts downstream from both phytochrome and blue light photoreceptors. @entity30402 appears to play a role in the primary derepression of mesophyll-specific gene expression in response to light, because @entity30402 mutants are severely deficient at establishing photoautotrophic growth. Based on this characterization, we propose that @entity30402 is a cell-specific positive regulator linking light and intrinsic developmental programs in @entity958 leaf mesophyll cells.

title: @entity30402 : A Mesophyll Cell-Specific Positive Regulator of Light-Controlled Gene Expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: In a single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, the acute efficacy of the @entity935 agonist @entity399 was investigated in 11 @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) @entity1 by sleep laboratory methods, with a clinical follow-up for 4 weeks. In 3 nights (pre-treatment, placebo and drug night), objective @entity25 was determined by polysomnography (PSG), subjective sleep and awakening quality by rating scales, objective awakening quality by psychometry. Clinical follow-up consisted of completion of the International @entity4531 Study Group (IRLSSG) Scale, Zung @entity308 ( @entity214 ) and @entity148 (SAS) Scale, Quality of Life Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Concerning acute effects, an omnibus significance test for PSG variables demonstrated a global difference between placebo and @entity399 , but none between pre-treatment and placebo. @entity399 0.27 mg significantly decreased the target variable periodic leg movements (PLM)/h of sleep as well as all other @entity4531 /PLM variables and improved objective sleep efficiency and subjective @entity25 as compared with placebo. In @entity25 , sleep stages S1 and S2 and stage shifts increased, while slow-wave sleep and SREM decreased. After 4 weeks of therapy, the total scores of the IRLSSG questionnaire, @entity25 and @entity25 , @entity308 and quality of life also improved. Thus, acute @entity399 markedly reduced PLM measures and slightly improved objective and subjective @entity25 . Follow-up ratings showed a moderate improvement of @entity4531 and @entity25 , and to a lesser extent of @entity25 , @entity308 and quality of life. The psychopathological findings as well as acute @entity25 changes are reminiscent of those seen after activating antidepressants.

title: Acute placebo-controlled sleep laboratory studies and clinical follow-up with XXXX in @entity4531 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs syndrome', 'RLS']

entities_list: @entity399 :: ('MESH:C061333', 'Chemical') :: ['Pramipexole', 'pramipexole']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'sleep quality', 'sleep architecture']

answer: @entity399 :: (MESH:C061333,Chemical) :: ['pramipexole']


abstract: In a single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, the acute efficacy of the @entity935 agonist @entity399 was investigated in 11 @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) @entity1 by sleep laboratory methods, with a clinical follow-up for 4 weeks. In 3 nights (pre-treatment, placebo and drug night), objective @entity25 was determined by polysomnography (PSG), subjective sleep and awakening quality by rating scales, objective awakening quality by psychometry. Clinical follow-up consisted of completion of the International @entity4531 Study Group (IRLSSG) Scale, Zung @entity308 ( @entity214 ) and @entity148 (SAS) Scale, Quality of Life Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Concerning acute effects, an omnibus significance test for PSG variables demonstrated a global difference between placebo and @entity399 , but none between pre-treatment and placebo. @entity399 0.27 mg significantly decreased the target variable periodic leg movements (PLM)/h of sleep as well as all other @entity4531 /PLM variables and improved objective sleep efficiency and subjective @entity25 as compared with placebo. In @entity25 , sleep stages S1 and S2 and stage shifts increased, while slow-wave sleep and SREM decreased. After 4 weeks of therapy, the total scores of the IRLSSG questionnaire, @entity25 and @entity25 , @entity308 and quality of life also improved. Thus, acute @entity399 markedly reduced PLM measures and slightly improved objective and subjective @entity25 . Follow-up ratings showed a moderate improvement of @entity4531 and @entity25 , and to a lesser extent of @entity25 , @entity308 and quality of life. The psychopathological findings as well as acute @entity25 changes are reminiscent of those seen after activating antidepressants.

title: Acute placebo-controlled sleep laboratory studies and clinical follow-up with @entity399 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4531 :: (MESH:D012148,Disease) :: ['restless legs syndrome']


abstract: The development and progression of @entity1 @entity5 are believed to be due to the alterations of multiple genes or/and their protein products. For identifying the proteins associated with @entity418 , we analysed the protein profiles of 24 pairs of @entity1721 /matched adjacent normal epithelia. Microdissection of routinely unstained frozen sections was performed to purify cancerous and epithelial cells. The protein expression profiles were obtained by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Selected proteins dysregulated in @entity5 were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Three isoforms of annexin I were detected in normal esophageal mucosa and down-regulated in @entity1721 . RT-PCR analysis showed annexin I mRNA levels were significantly reduced in 17 out of 24 @entity189 . Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that annexin I appeared strong positive in all normal epithelia layers except basal cells. In @entity5 tissues, decreased expression of annexin I was observed in 12 out of 16 well differentiated @entity5 , 16 out of 17 moderately differentiated @entity5 , and 3 out of 3 poorly differentiated @entity5 as compared with the corresponding normal esophageal epithelia. There was a significant correlation between annexin I expression and the status of @entity5 differentiation. Well differentiated @entity5 presented stronger immunohistochemical reaction than moderately and poorly differentiated @entity5 . These data suggested that there existed three different isoforms of annexin I in normal esophageal epithelia, which may be the results of post-translational modification. Down-expression of three annexin I isoforms was a frequent event in esophageal carcinogenesis.

title: Three isoforms of annexin I are preferentially expressed in normal esophageal epithelia but down-regulated in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: Throughout the 20th century, the US has feared that political instability in the Caribbean area could be exploited by adversaries; therefore, the US and the nations of the Caribbean share a compelling interest in the region's development. The dramatic increase in legal and illegal immigration to the US from the Caribbean in the last 2 decades has offered an additional @entity1 reason for US interest in the region. This @entity4222 has also created a new source of @entity734 and vulnerability for the region. Curtailment of @entity4222 would undoubtedly affect the region, and if the effect were social and political instability, then the US would also share those consequences. The 1984 Conference on Migration and Development in the Caribbean held discussions to 1) enhance the benefits of @entity4222 to Caribbean development, 2) identify development strategies, policies, and projects that would reduce pressures that have accelerated the rate of international @entity4222 , making it less manageable and more costly, and 3) identify ways to reduce @entity734 on @entity4222 by expanding employment and assisting economies in the region to become more self-reliant. The attitudes of both US and Caribbean @entity1 seemed to reflect a considerable degree of ambivalence on the @entity4222 issue. The US views itself as "a nation of immigrants" and yet is troubled by the recent large influx of immigrants, particularly illegal migrants and refugees. While Americans recognize that the "brain" reduces the development capacity of developing countries, the US still needs and benefits from young immigrants trained in the sciences, engineering, and computers. Caribbean @entity1 were also ambivalent about immigration. They consider immigration "a way of life" and a "right," but they also recognize that there are significant developmental costs to some types of @entity4222 . While many want the US to keep a wide open door to Caribbean immigrants, they are aware that most Caribbean Community (CARICOM) governments are currently closing the door to immigrants even from other CARICOM countries.

title: Migration and development in the Caribbean: relating policies and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Pharmacokinetic properties of @entity9158 derivatives drug possessing antipsychotic, actoprotector, antiarrhythmic, antiulcerogenic, antiallergic, uricosuric, anthelmintic activities have been summarized. Pharmacokinetics of @entity9158 derivatives used in veterinary practice as anthelmintic drugs is also considered. @entity13641 derivatives are characterised by multicompartment and ambiguous pharmacokinetic models. The derivatives of @entity13641 are subjected to the first pass metabolism in the liver, and, therefore, they are converted to both active, and inactive metabolites. It is necessary to take into account for coadministration of @entity13641 with other drugs. Hepatoduodenal circulation and repeated adsorption of unchanged drug and its metabolites in the gut is observed for @entity9158 . Many derivatives of @entity13641 are characterised by rather low absolute bioavailability during peroral intake (from 2 up to 60%). Benzimidazsole derivative may bind to proteins and cell elements of blood. More often pharmacokinetic profile of @entity13641 is linear for low doses, however, at high doses the linearity is lost. For animals and @entity1 pharmacokinetic models are always nearly identical.

title: [Pharmacokinetics of XXXX derivatives].

entities_list: @entity9158 :: ('MESH:C031000', 'Chemical') :: ['benzimidazole']

entities_list: @entity13641 :: ('MESH:D001562', 'Chemical') :: ['benzimidazoles', 'Benzimidazoles']

answer: @entity9158 :: (MESH:C031000,Chemical) :: ['benzimidazole']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity4595 often complain of abnormal tiredness, difficulty in concentrating or low spirits. This study was carried out to examine levels of @entity148 and @entity308 in @entity4595 and their relationship with other measures of lung health. One hundred and eleven @entity1 with @entity4595 determined by high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scan were studied using a range of physiological and psychological outcome measures. @entity1 completed @entity148 and @entity308 , health status (quality of life), @entity1295 and dypnoea questionnaires. Lung function was measured and exercise capacity was assessed using a shuttle walk test. @entity148 and @entity308 scores formed a continuum. Moderate-severe @entity148 was more frequent than equivalent levels of @entity308 (17 vs 9% of @entity1 ). @entity148 and @entity308 scores were associated with perceived health status (r=0.33 and 0.55). Neither @entity148 nor @entity308 was associated with the extent of @entity4595 on CT scan. @entity308 was correlated with @entity1353 and exercise performance (r=0.33 and 0.40), but @entity148 was not. The correlation between @entity308 and exercise performance was not simply due to the influence of somatic items in the @entity308 questionnaire. We conclude that @entity148 and @entity308 are quite common in @entity4595 in that 34% of @entity1 had elevated scores for @entity308 or both. The non-somatic components of @entity308 were linked to dyspnoea and exercise performance, but @entity148 was only related to perceived health. Therefore, treatment aimed at reducing symptoms and improving exercise capacity will not reduce levels of @entity148 which need alternative therapy.

title: Relationship between psychological well-being and lung health status in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'anxiety depression']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity4595 often complain of abnormal tiredness, difficulty in concentrating or low spirits. This study was carried out to examine levels of @entity148 and @entity308 in @entity4595 and their relationship with other measures of lung health. One hundred and eleven @entity1 with @entity4595 determined by high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scan were studied using a range of physiological and psychological outcome measures. @entity1 completed @entity148 and @entity308 , health status (quality of life), @entity1295 and dypnoea questionnaires. Lung function was measured and exercise capacity was assessed using a shuttle walk test. @entity148 and @entity308 scores formed a continuum. Moderate-severe @entity148 was more frequent than equivalent levels of @entity308 (17 vs 9% of @entity1 ). @entity148 and @entity308 scores were associated with perceived health status (r=0.33 and 0.55). Neither @entity148 nor @entity308 was associated with the extent of @entity4595 on CT scan. @entity308 was correlated with @entity1353 and exercise performance (r=0.33 and 0.40), but @entity148 was not. The correlation between @entity308 and exercise performance was not simply due to the influence of somatic items in the @entity308 questionnaire. We conclude that @entity148 and @entity308 are quite common in @entity4595 in that 34% of @entity1 had elevated scores for @entity308 or both. The non-somatic components of @entity308 were linked to dyspnoea and exercise performance, but @entity148 was only related to perceived health. Therefore, treatment aimed at reducing symptoms and improving exercise capacity will not reduce levels of @entity148 which need alternative therapy.

title: Relationship between psychological well-being and lung health status in XXXX with @entity4595 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy of hemoperfusion (HP) in the treatment of the @entity1 with acute severe @entity28962 ( @entity28962 ) @entity4968 . METHODS: One hundred and eight @entity1 with acute severe @entity28962 @entity4968 in the two teaching hospitals were enrolled. Sixty-seven @entity1 were treated with HP (HP group) and forty-one @entity1 accepted traditional treatment only as the control. Serum concentration of @entity28962 was determined by gas chromatography. RESULTS: The duration of @entity772 , @entity1662 , ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter in the HP group than that in the control. The cumulative dosages (mg) of @entity3897 required either in the first 24 h on admission (442+/-436 vs 899+/-485 in the control, P<0.01) or within the hospital (568+/-574 vs 1228+/-982 in the control, P<0.01) were markedly reduced in the HP @entity1 . The lower incidence of mechanical ventilation required (13.4 % vs 36.6 % P<0.01), respiratory muscular @entity912 (4.5 % vs 17.1 %, P<0.05) and the lower mortality of death (7.5 % vs 34.1 %, P<0.01) were observed in the HP group. HP could accelerate the recovery of suppressed cholinesterase activity. After the procedure, the @entity28962 level was decreased from (11+/-4) to (7+/-3) mg/L in parallel with a decline in APACHE II Score or @entity935 dose and a rise in Glasgow @entity772 Scale (P<0.05). In addition, the mean values of peak clearance and reduction rate were (87+/-17) mL/min and 44 %+/-11 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: The rapid fall in blood @entity28962 level and the dramatic clinical response suggest that HP is effective in the treatment of acute severe @entity28962 @entity4968 .

title: Therapeutic efficacy of charcoal hemoperfusion in @entity1 with acute severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28962 :: ('MESH:D004006', 'Chemical') :: ['DDVP', 'dichlorvos']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['dichlorvos poisoning']


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy of hemoperfusion (HP) in the treatment of the @entity1 with acute severe @entity28962 ( @entity28962 ) @entity4968 . METHODS: One hundred and eight @entity1 with acute severe @entity28962 @entity4968 in the two teaching hospitals were enrolled. Sixty-seven @entity1 were treated with HP (HP group) and forty-one @entity1 accepted traditional treatment only as the control. Serum concentration of @entity28962 was determined by gas chromatography. RESULTS: The duration of @entity772 , @entity1662 , ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter in the HP group than that in the control. The cumulative dosages (mg) of @entity3897 required either in the first 24 h on admission (442+/-436 vs 899+/-485 in the control, P<0.01) or within the hospital (568+/-574 vs 1228+/-982 in the control, P<0.01) were markedly reduced in the HP @entity1 . The lower incidence of mechanical ventilation required (13.4 % vs 36.6 % P<0.01), respiratory muscular @entity912 (4.5 % vs 17.1 %, P<0.05) and the lower mortality of death (7.5 % vs 34.1 %, P<0.01) were observed in the HP group. HP could accelerate the recovery of suppressed cholinesterase activity. After the procedure, the @entity28962 level was decreased from (11+/-4) to (7+/-3) mg/L in parallel with a decline in APACHE II Score or @entity935 dose and a rise in Glasgow @entity772 Scale (P<0.05). In addition, the mean values of peak clearance and reduction rate were (87+/-17) mL/min and 44 %+/-11 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: The rapid fall in blood @entity28962 level and the dramatic clinical response suggest that HP is effective in the treatment of acute severe @entity28962 @entity4968 .

title: Therapeutic efficacy of charcoal hemoperfusion in XXXX with acute severe @entity4968 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Reports of outcome after surgery for @entity3577 predominantly relate to single operative procedures. A single surgical operation is not appropriate for all @entity1 with @entity3577 . We describe a selective policy based on clinical criteria. METHODS: @entity1 were offered surgery according to the following broad clinical protocol. Those who were unfit for abdominal surgery had a perineal operation. The remainder had a suture abdominal rectopexy. A sigmoid resection was added for @entity1 in whom @entity322 was not a predominant symptom. RESULTS: Surgery was performed in 159 @entity1 . Of these, 57 had a perineal operation, 65 had fixation rectopexy, and 37 had resection rectopexy. There were no in-hospital deaths, and major complications occurred in five @entity1 (3.5 percent). Minimum follow-up was 3 years. Of the 143 @entity1 with long-term follow-up, recurrence occurred in 7 (5 percent). Constipation increased from 41 to 43 percent (59-61/143) and @entity322 decreased from 43 to 19 percent (61 to 27/143). CONCLUSIONS: A selective policy has improved outcome compared with reports of a single operation. Future studies might consider an objective method of selecting the type of operation for @entity3577 .

title: Strategy for selection of type of operation for XXXX based on clinical criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['rectal prolapse']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['rectal prolapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomerase activity in a @entity1 lymphoblastoid cell line with wild-type @entity876 status (TK6) was previously shown to be rapidly induced by ionizing radiation doses as low as 10 cGy. Since this low-dose response was absent in a closely related cell line overexpressing a mutant form of @entity876 (WTK1), the putative involvement of @entity876 was further investigated using stable @entity1799 ( @entity1799 ) E6 transfectants of these cell lines. The E6 product mediates rapid degradation of wild-type @entity876 , but has also been found to upregulate telomerase. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Telomerase activity in @entity1799 E6 transfectants of the @entity1 lymphoblastoid cell lines TK6 and WTK1 was measured by PCR/ELISA and was quantified using internal standards (titration by cell number) run within each separate assay. Mean telomere length was determined by Southern hybridization of terminal restriction fragments with a @entity1885 -labeled telomeric DNA probe. RESULTS: The TK6E6 and the WTK1E6 cells exhibited higher baseline telomerase activities than the parental cells. This was also accompanied by increased telomere lengths. Radiation exposure (up to 10 Gy) was unable to significantly further enhance telomerase activities, although the dynamic range of the assay would have allowed to record higher signals. CONCLUSION: The lacking radiation induction of telomerase activities in the E6 transfectants could reflect saturation, if E6 and radiation would share a common pathway of telomerase upregulation. Present evidence from the literature, however, suggests that E6 mediates @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) subunit transcriptional activation, whereas radiation signals to posttranscriptional/posttranslational control of telomerase activity. Therefore, the present data enforce the previous hypothesis of a @entity876 dependence of telomerase upregulation by low doses of radiation and its abrogation, likely due to @entity876 degradation, in E6-expressing cells.

title: Abrogation of radiation-inducible telomerase upregulation in XXXX E6 transfectants of @entity1 lymphoblasts.

entities_list: @entity1799 :: ('333760', 'Species') :: ['HPV16', 'human papillomavirus 16']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['TERT', 'telomerase reverse transcriptase']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['HPV16']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomerase activity in a @entity1 lymphoblastoid cell line with wild-type @entity876 status (TK6) was previously shown to be rapidly induced by ionizing radiation doses as low as 10 cGy. Since this low-dose response was absent in a closely related cell line overexpressing a mutant form of @entity876 (WTK1), the putative involvement of @entity876 was further investigated using stable @entity1799 ( @entity1799 ) E6 transfectants of these cell lines. The E6 product mediates rapid degradation of wild-type @entity876 , but has also been found to upregulate telomerase. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Telomerase activity in @entity1799 E6 transfectants of the @entity1 lymphoblastoid cell lines TK6 and WTK1 was measured by PCR/ELISA and was quantified using internal standards (titration by cell number) run within each separate assay. Mean telomere length was determined by Southern hybridization of terminal restriction fragments with a @entity1885 -labeled telomeric DNA probe. RESULTS: The TK6E6 and the WTK1E6 cells exhibited higher baseline telomerase activities than the parental cells. This was also accompanied by increased telomere lengths. Radiation exposure (up to 10 Gy) was unable to significantly further enhance telomerase activities, although the dynamic range of the assay would have allowed to record higher signals. CONCLUSION: The lacking radiation induction of telomerase activities in the E6 transfectants could reflect saturation, if E6 and radiation would share a common pathway of telomerase upregulation. Present evidence from the literature, however, suggests that E6 mediates @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) subunit transcriptional activation, whereas radiation signals to posttranscriptional/posttranslational control of telomerase activity. Therefore, the present data enforce the previous hypothesis of a @entity876 dependence of telomerase upregulation by low doses of radiation and its abrogation, likely due to @entity876 degradation, in E6-expressing cells.

title: Abrogation of radiation-inducible telomerase upregulation in @entity1799 E6 transfectants of XXXX lymphoblasts.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study @entity1138 Loaded Collagen Implant (CI) pharmacokinetics behaviour in vitro. METHODS: The CI were incubated for 15 minutes in different @entity1139 loading solutions with the following concentrations: 0.03 mg/mL (n = 9), 0.3 mg/mL (n = 10) and 3.0 mg/mL (n = 10). The loaded CI were transferred in 100 micro L of 0.9% @entity1219 . Aqueous flow of 5 micro L/min was simulated. The @entity1139 concentrations of the samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Dissolution kinetics were evaluated by a first-order process. The half-life of dissolution and the time of 95% dissolution were determined. RESULTS: The CI absorbed on average a @entity1139 dose of 0.054, 0.530 and 6.090 micro g when incubated in the different @entity1139 loading solutions containing 0.03 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL, 3.0 mg/mL of @entity1139 , respectively. In the release experiments, the mean total dose delivered by CI was 0.0493, 0.585 and 5.291 micro g. A linear correlation between loading concentration and the estimated total dose released was demonstrated. The kinetic parameters showed a fast @entity1139 dissolution. The half-life of the 3 series was 8.8, 10.1 and 10.5 min. CONCLUSIONS: Commercially available CI can be loaded with @entity1139 , and could provide relatively slower release than sponge delivery of @entity1139 . Clinical implications of these results warrants further studies.

title: In vitro release of XXXX from collagen implants.

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue @entity519 is a major stimulus for the up-regulation of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity417 might theoretically impact on angiogenesis via @entity73 . We have investigated this hypothesis in @entity1 with solid @entity5 and @entity66 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 49 @entity1 with untreated locoregionally confined solid @entity5 of the head and neck, cervix, rectum and lung and 59 additional @entity1 with non-malignant diseases (36 normemic @entity1 without serious diseases and 23 @entity1 with @entity8 ) were enrolled and the impact of @entity417 on plasma @entity7 levels were determined. @entity7 was measured with a commercially available sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. RESULTS: Plasma levels of @entity7 were 16.2 +/- 12.7 pg/ml in 36 normemic @entity1 without @entity5 , 49.2 +/- 34.5 pg/ml in 49 @entity1 with @entity5 (p < 0.001), and 89.9 +/- 67.8 pg/ml in 23 @entity1 with @entity8 (p = 0.001). @entity7 levels in @entity5 @entity1 were significantly correlated with hemoglobin (hb) levels and platelet counts (each p = 0.001), but not with type of @entity5 , stage, histology or age. @entity1 with @entity5 had higher plasma levels of @entity7 than @entity1 with non-malignant diseases in case of hb > or = 12 g/dl (33.1 +/- 17.5 vs 16.6 +/- 13.0 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and in case of hb between 11.0 and 11.9 g/dl (56.1 +/- 26.4 vs 18.5 +/- 14.5 pg/ml, p = 0.038). In case of a hb < 11 g/dl, plasma @entity7 levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 with and without @entity5 (67.0 +/- 47.5 vs 88.9 +/- 68.8 pg/ml, n.s.). In a multivariate model, a significant association between low hb levels and increased plasma levels of @entity7 was confirmed. In 16 @entity1 with @entity8 , changes in hb under erythropoietin treatment were inversely correlated with changes in plasma @entity7 levels with decreasing @entity7 after increase in hb (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Anemic @entity1 have elevated levels of @entity7 . The data suggest that @entity417 might impact on the progression of angiogenesis in @entity5 .

title: @entity417 and elevated systemic levels of XXXX ( @entity7 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal anemia']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['benign diseases']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignant and benign diseases']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of tissue oxygenation']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue @entity519 is a major stimulus for the up-regulation of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity417 might theoretically impact on angiogenesis via @entity73 . We have investigated this hypothesis in @entity1 with solid @entity5 and @entity66 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 49 @entity1 with untreated locoregionally confined solid @entity5 of the head and neck, cervix, rectum and lung and 59 additional @entity1 with non-malignant diseases (36 normemic @entity1 without serious diseases and 23 @entity1 with @entity8 ) were enrolled and the impact of @entity417 on plasma @entity7 levels were determined. @entity7 was measured with a commercially available sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. RESULTS: Plasma levels of @entity7 were 16.2 +/- 12.7 pg/ml in 36 normemic @entity1 without @entity5 , 49.2 +/- 34.5 pg/ml in 49 @entity1 with @entity5 (p < 0.001), and 89.9 +/- 67.8 pg/ml in 23 @entity1 with @entity8 (p = 0.001). @entity7 levels in @entity5 @entity1 were significantly correlated with hemoglobin (hb) levels and platelet counts (each p = 0.001), but not with type of @entity5 , stage, histology or age. @entity1 with @entity5 had higher plasma levels of @entity7 than @entity1 with non-malignant diseases in case of hb > or = 12 g/dl (33.1 +/- 17.5 vs 16.6 +/- 13.0 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and in case of hb between 11.0 and 11.9 g/dl (56.1 +/- 26.4 vs 18.5 +/- 14.5 pg/ml, p = 0.038). In case of a hb < 11 g/dl, plasma @entity7 levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 with and without @entity5 (67.0 +/- 47.5 vs 88.9 +/- 68.8 pg/ml, n.s.). In a multivariate model, a significant association between low hb levels and increased plasma levels of @entity7 was confirmed. In 16 @entity1 with @entity8 , changes in hb under erythropoietin treatment were inversely correlated with changes in plasma @entity7 levels with decreasing @entity7 after increase in hb (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Anemic @entity1 have elevated levels of @entity7 . The data suggest that @entity417 might impact on the progression of angiogenesis in @entity5 .

title: @entity417 and elevated systemic levels of @entity7 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue @entity519 is a major stimulus for the up-regulation of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity417 might theoretically impact on angiogenesis via @entity73 . We have investigated this hypothesis in @entity1 with solid @entity5 and @entity66 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 49 @entity1 with untreated locoregionally confined solid @entity5 of the head and neck, cervix, rectum and lung and 59 additional @entity1 with non-malignant diseases (36 normemic @entity1 without serious diseases and 23 @entity1 with @entity8 ) were enrolled and the impact of @entity417 on plasma @entity7 levels were determined. @entity7 was measured with a commercially available sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. RESULTS: Plasma levels of @entity7 were 16.2 +/- 12.7 pg/ml in 36 normemic @entity1 without @entity5 , 49.2 +/- 34.5 pg/ml in 49 @entity1 with @entity5 (p < 0.001), and 89.9 +/- 67.8 pg/ml in 23 @entity1 with @entity8 (p = 0.001). @entity7 levels in @entity5 @entity1 were significantly correlated with hemoglobin (hb) levels and platelet counts (each p = 0.001), but not with type of @entity5 , stage, histology or age. @entity1 with @entity5 had higher plasma levels of @entity7 than @entity1 with non-malignant diseases in case of hb > or = 12 g/dl (33.1 +/- 17.5 vs 16.6 +/- 13.0 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and in case of hb between 11.0 and 11.9 g/dl (56.1 +/- 26.4 vs 18.5 +/- 14.5 pg/ml, p = 0.038). In case of a hb < 11 g/dl, plasma @entity7 levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 with and without @entity5 (67.0 +/- 47.5 vs 88.9 +/- 68.8 pg/ml, n.s.). In a multivariate model, a significant association between low hb levels and increased plasma levels of @entity7 was confirmed. In 16 @entity1 with @entity8 , changes in hb under erythropoietin treatment were inversely correlated with changes in plasma @entity7 levels with decreasing @entity7 after increase in hb (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Anemic @entity1 have elevated levels of @entity7 . The data suggest that @entity417 might impact on the progression of angiogenesis in @entity5 .

title: XXXX and elevated systemic levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ).

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13205 0.1% eye drops represent a new class of anti-allergic agent with combined antihistaminic and mast cell-stabilizing properties. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe alterations in tear function and the ocular surface in @entity1 with @entity56 and to analyze the effect of topical @entity13205 treatment on corneal sensitivity, tear function, and impression cytology variables. METHODS: This was a single-center, 3-visit, prospective, open-label study conducted in @entity1 with @entity56 . @entity1 received 1 drop of topical @entity13205 0.1% BID for 3 weeks. At each visit, @entity1 and healthy control subjects underwent routine ophthalmic examinations and measurements of corneal sensitivity and tear function (Schirmer test of tear quantity, tear film break-up time [BUT], @entity941 staining of the @entity267 ). All control subjects and a subgroup of @entity1 also underwent conjunctival impression cytology for assessment of @entity1544 and goblet cell density. The outcomes of interest were changes in corneal sensitivity, tear function, and impression cytology variables after 3 weeks of treatment with @entity13205 eye drops, both in @entity1 with @entity56 and between @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: At enrollment, the study included 46 eyes of 23 @entity1 (9 @entity1 , 14 @entity1 ; age range, 20-42 years) with @entity56 ; results were calculated based on the 21 @entity1 who completed the study. The control group consisted of 70 eyes of 35 healthy subjects (13 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ; age range, 22-39 years). Before treatment, 64.3% of the eyes of @entity1 with @entity56 had a @entity941 staining score of >1 point, whereas after treatment, 14.3% had a score of >1 point (P < 0.001). @entity1 ' mean (+/- SD) corneal sensitivity improved to 55.0 +/- 2.5 mm from the pretreatment value of 42.5 +/- 2.5 mm (P < 0.001). Mean BUT values before and after treatment were 8.1 +/- 3.5 and 14.0 +/- 7.0 seconds, respectively (P < 0.001). Before treatment, @entity1 ' mean @entity1544 grade was 2.5 +/- 0.5; at the end of treatment, it had decreased to 1.0 +/- 0.5 (P < 0.001). The mean pretreatment goblet cell density of 545 +/- 85 cells/ @entity202 improved to 1,090 +/- 100 cells/ @entity202 after treatment (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In the @entity1 population studied, the @entity121 , @entity1544 , and loss of ocular surface goblet cells associated with @entity56 improved with topical @entity13205 treatment.

title: Changes in tear function and the ocular surface after topical XXXX treatment for @entity56 : an open-label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13205 :: ('MESH:C074921', 'Chemical') :: ['Olopatadine hydrochloride', 'olopatadine hydrochloride', 'olopatadine']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of tear function']

answer: @entity13205 :: (MESH:C074921,Chemical) :: ['olopatadine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13205 0.1% eye drops represent a new class of anti-allergic agent with combined antihistaminic and mast cell-stabilizing properties. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe alterations in tear function and the ocular surface in @entity1 with @entity56 and to analyze the effect of topical @entity13205 treatment on corneal sensitivity, tear function, and impression cytology variables. METHODS: This was a single-center, 3-visit, prospective, open-label study conducted in @entity1 with @entity56 . @entity1 received 1 drop of topical @entity13205 0.1% BID for 3 weeks. At each visit, @entity1 and healthy control subjects underwent routine ophthalmic examinations and measurements of corneal sensitivity and tear function (Schirmer test of tear quantity, tear film break-up time [BUT], @entity941 staining of the @entity267 ). All control subjects and a subgroup of @entity1 also underwent conjunctival impression cytology for assessment of @entity1544 and goblet cell density. The outcomes of interest were changes in corneal sensitivity, tear function, and impression cytology variables after 3 weeks of treatment with @entity13205 eye drops, both in @entity1 with @entity56 and between @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: At enrollment, the study included 46 eyes of 23 @entity1 (9 @entity1 , 14 @entity1 ; age range, 20-42 years) with @entity56 ; results were calculated based on the 21 @entity1 who completed the study. The control group consisted of 70 eyes of 35 healthy subjects (13 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ; age range, 22-39 years). Before treatment, 64.3% of the eyes of @entity1 with @entity56 had a @entity941 staining score of >1 point, whereas after treatment, 14.3% had a score of >1 point (P < 0.001). @entity1 ' mean (+/- SD) corneal sensitivity improved to 55.0 +/- 2.5 mm from the pretreatment value of 42.5 +/- 2.5 mm (P < 0.001). Mean BUT values before and after treatment were 8.1 +/- 3.5 and 14.0 +/- 7.0 seconds, respectively (P < 0.001). Before treatment, @entity1 ' mean @entity1544 grade was 2.5 +/- 0.5; at the end of treatment, it had decreased to 1.0 +/- 0.5 (P < 0.001). The mean pretreatment goblet cell density of 545 +/- 85 cells/ @entity202 improved to 1,090 +/- 100 cells/ @entity202 after treatment (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In the @entity1 population studied, the @entity121 , @entity1544 , and loss of ocular surface goblet cells associated with @entity56 improved with topical @entity13205 treatment.

title: Changes in tear function and the ocular surface after topical @entity13205 treatment for XXXX : an open-label study.

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic conjunctivitis']


abstract: Although @entity1289 inhibitors have demonstrated their beneficial effects in @entity712 , whether different agents may induce different benefits remains unclear. We designed an open, sequential, prospective study switching @entity712 @entity1 receiving @entity4688 to @entity4687 which has been reported to be longer acting and better tolerated. The objective of the study was to find out if clinical and functional status could be further improved by changing from @entity4688 30 mg daily to a @entity4687 4 mg daily. Assessments of clinical status, echocardiography and nuclear ventriculography were performed at baseline under @entity4688 (30 mg mean dose (b.i.d.)), then 6 and 12 months after the switch to @entity4687 (4 mg/day mean dose). Thirty-one @entity1 were included (90% @entity1 , aged 56.5 +/- 11.8 years, mean radionuclide left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 22.4 +/- 8.5 %). After 6 months of treatment, NYHA functional class was significantly improved; the percentage of @entity1 in class I increased to 57% after @entity4687 versus 20% at baseline (p < 0.001), and 50% of the total study population gained at least one NYHA class. After 12 months of treatment, 80% of the @entity1 were in NYHA class I. Blood pressure decreased significantly with a good tolerance at 6 months and then remained stable. After 12 months of treatment, significant reductions of LV end-diastolic diameter (61.4 +/- 5.3 vs. 64.5 +/- 6.5 mm; p = 0.001) and LV mass index (143.3 +/- 21.5 vs. 164.2 +/- 40.2 g/m2; p < 0.001) were observed, reflecting a positive effect on the LV remodelling process. Despite some limitations, because it is of an open-label design with a small number of @entity1 , our study found significant differences in clinical and objective parameters in @entity712 @entity1 switched from @entity4688 to @entity4687 . The prognostic significance of these findings remains to be investigated.

title: @entity1289 inhibitors in @entity712 --switching from XXXX to @entity4687 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity4688 :: (MESH:D004656,Chemical) :: ['enalapril']


abstract: Although @entity1289 inhibitors have demonstrated their beneficial effects in @entity712 , whether different agents may induce different benefits remains unclear. We designed an open, sequential, prospective study switching @entity712 @entity1 receiving @entity4688 to @entity4687 which has been reported to be longer acting and better tolerated. The objective of the study was to find out if clinical and functional status could be further improved by changing from @entity4688 30 mg daily to a @entity4687 4 mg daily. Assessments of clinical status, echocardiography and nuclear ventriculography were performed at baseline under @entity4688 (30 mg mean dose (b.i.d.)), then 6 and 12 months after the switch to @entity4687 (4 mg/day mean dose). Thirty-one @entity1 were included (90% @entity1 , aged 56.5 +/- 11.8 years, mean radionuclide left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 22.4 +/- 8.5 %). After 6 months of treatment, NYHA functional class was significantly improved; the percentage of @entity1 in class I increased to 57% after @entity4687 versus 20% at baseline (p < 0.001), and 50% of the total study population gained at least one NYHA class. After 12 months of treatment, 80% of the @entity1 were in NYHA class I. Blood pressure decreased significantly with a good tolerance at 6 months and then remained stable. After 12 months of treatment, significant reductions of LV end-diastolic diameter (61.4 +/- 5.3 vs. 64.5 +/- 6.5 mm; p = 0.001) and LV mass index (143.3 +/- 21.5 vs. 164.2 +/- 40.2 g/m2; p < 0.001) were observed, reflecting a positive effect on the LV remodelling process. Despite some limitations, because it is of an open-label design with a small number of @entity1 , our study found significant differences in clinical and objective parameters in @entity712 @entity1 switched from @entity4688 to @entity4687 . The prognostic significance of these findings remains to be investigated.

title: @entity1289 inhibitors in @entity712 --switching from @entity4688 to XXXX .

answer: @entity4687 :: (MESH:D020913,Chemical) :: ['perindopril']


abstract: Although @entity1289 inhibitors have demonstrated their beneficial effects in @entity712 , whether different agents may induce different benefits remains unclear. We designed an open, sequential, prospective study switching @entity712 @entity1 receiving @entity4688 to @entity4687 which has been reported to be longer acting and better tolerated. The objective of the study was to find out if clinical and functional status could be further improved by changing from @entity4688 30 mg daily to a @entity4687 4 mg daily. Assessments of clinical status, echocardiography and nuclear ventriculography were performed at baseline under @entity4688 (30 mg mean dose (b.i.d.)), then 6 and 12 months after the switch to @entity4687 (4 mg/day mean dose). Thirty-one @entity1 were included (90% @entity1 , aged 56.5 +/- 11.8 years, mean radionuclide left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 22.4 +/- 8.5 %). After 6 months of treatment, NYHA functional class was significantly improved; the percentage of @entity1 in class I increased to 57% after @entity4687 versus 20% at baseline (p < 0.001), and 50% of the total study population gained at least one NYHA class. After 12 months of treatment, 80% of the @entity1 were in NYHA class I. Blood pressure decreased significantly with a good tolerance at 6 months and then remained stable. After 12 months of treatment, significant reductions of LV end-diastolic diameter (61.4 +/- 5.3 vs. 64.5 +/- 6.5 mm; p = 0.001) and LV mass index (143.3 +/- 21.5 vs. 164.2 +/- 40.2 g/m2; p < 0.001) were observed, reflecting a positive effect on the LV remodelling process. Despite some limitations, because it is of an open-label design with a small number of @entity1 , our study found significant differences in clinical and objective parameters in @entity712 @entity1 switched from @entity4688 to @entity4687 . The prognostic significance of these findings remains to be investigated.

title: XXXX inhibitors in @entity712 --switching from @entity4688 to @entity4687 .

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: Although @entity1289 inhibitors have demonstrated their beneficial effects in @entity712 , whether different agents may induce different benefits remains unclear. We designed an open, sequential, prospective study switching @entity712 @entity1 receiving @entity4688 to @entity4687 which has been reported to be longer acting and better tolerated. The objective of the study was to find out if clinical and functional status could be further improved by changing from @entity4688 30 mg daily to a @entity4687 4 mg daily. Assessments of clinical status, echocardiography and nuclear ventriculography were performed at baseline under @entity4688 (30 mg mean dose (b.i.d.)), then 6 and 12 months after the switch to @entity4687 (4 mg/day mean dose). Thirty-one @entity1 were included (90% @entity1 , aged 56.5 +/- 11.8 years, mean radionuclide left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 22.4 +/- 8.5 %). After 6 months of treatment, NYHA functional class was significantly improved; the percentage of @entity1 in class I increased to 57% after @entity4687 versus 20% at baseline (p < 0.001), and 50% of the total study population gained at least one NYHA class. After 12 months of treatment, 80% of the @entity1 were in NYHA class I. Blood pressure decreased significantly with a good tolerance at 6 months and then remained stable. After 12 months of treatment, significant reductions of LV end-diastolic diameter (61.4 +/- 5.3 vs. 64.5 +/- 6.5 mm; p = 0.001) and LV mass index (143.3 +/- 21.5 vs. 164.2 +/- 40.2 g/m2; p < 0.001) were observed, reflecting a positive effect on the LV remodelling process. Despite some limitations, because it is of an open-label design with a small number of @entity1 , our study found significant differences in clinical and objective parameters in @entity712 @entity1 switched from @entity4688 to @entity4687 . The prognostic significance of these findings remains to be investigated.

title: @entity1289 inhibitors in XXXX --switching from @entity4688 to @entity4687 .

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']