abstract: This study presents a quantitative comparison of the free cytoplasmic @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]cyt) and the free concentration in the lumen of the dense tubules of the @entity1 platelet. The former was measured by the fluorescence of the high affinity indicator @entity6028 and latter by the fluorescence of @entity7914 (CTC). The CTC technique monitors @entity460 -CTC complex accumulation in the lumen of dense tubules and mitochondria when washed platelets were incubated in 2 mM @entity141 . Resting cytoplasmic and dense tubular @entity141 concentrations were studied in platelets from @entity1 suffering from venous and arterial @entity715 . Compared with normal controls (0.40 +/- 0.10, n = 54), the values of the @entity460 -CTC ratios were 0.68 +/- 0.19 (n = 16, p less than 0.005) in @entity49 ; 0.75 +/- 0.18 (n = 14, p less than 0.005) in cardiovascular accident; 0.84 +/- 0.18 (n = 6, p less than 0.005) in occlusive @entity1095 ; and 0.42 +/- 0.10 (n = 21, p greater than 0.1) in @entity1 controls. The dense tubular @entity141 levels for both @entity1 and controls were perfectly correlated with the cytoplasmic levels using an equation that assumes that the dense tubular free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]dt) has a second power dependence on [ @entity141 ]cyt. The abnormal @entity141 handling of platelets obtained from @entity715 @entity1 could be completely reversed by preincubation with the @entity460 channel blocker @entity1855 . These observations suggest that the primary @entity141 handling defect is the leakage through activated channels in the plasma membrane. The defect and the elevated resting [ @entity141 ]cyt and [ @entity141 ]dt are adequate to explain the observation of increased rates of collagen-activated aggregation in the above-mentioned group of @entity1 . The results can be explained by platelets from @entity715 @entity1 being exposed to activating factors in the circulation, resulting in @entity141 channel activation. Channel activation persists through the process of platelet isolation and washing and is manifested in higher measured values of [ @entity141 ]cyt and [ @entity141 ]dt in the "resting state." This would bring the platelet closer to its aggregation when aggregation-inducing agents are added. The CTC test is shown to be a useful and convenient means of detecting this abnormality.

title: Abnormal XXXX handling by platelets in @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity7914 :: ('MESH:D002751', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorotetracycline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: This study presents a quantitative comparison of the free cytoplasmic @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]cyt) and the free concentration in the lumen of the dense tubules of the @entity1 platelet. The former was measured by the fluorescence of the high affinity indicator @entity6028 and latter by the fluorescence of @entity7914 (CTC). The CTC technique monitors @entity460 -CTC complex accumulation in the lumen of dense tubules and mitochondria when washed platelets were incubated in 2 mM @entity141 . Resting cytoplasmic and dense tubular @entity141 concentrations were studied in platelets from @entity1 suffering from venous and arterial @entity715 . Compared with normal controls (0.40 +/- 0.10, n = 54), the values of the @entity460 -CTC ratios were 0.68 +/- 0.19 (n = 16, p less than 0.005) in @entity49 ; 0.75 +/- 0.18 (n = 14, p less than 0.005) in cardiovascular accident; 0.84 +/- 0.18 (n = 6, p less than 0.005) in occlusive @entity1095 ; and 0.42 +/- 0.10 (n = 21, p greater than 0.1) in @entity1 controls. The dense tubular @entity141 levels for both @entity1 and controls were perfectly correlated with the cytoplasmic levels using an equation that assumes that the dense tubular free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]dt) has a second power dependence on [ @entity141 ]cyt. The abnormal @entity141 handling of platelets obtained from @entity715 @entity1 could be completely reversed by preincubation with the @entity460 channel blocker @entity1855 . These observations suggest that the primary @entity141 handling defect is the leakage through activated channels in the plasma membrane. The defect and the elevated resting [ @entity141 ]cyt and [ @entity141 ]dt are adequate to explain the observation of increased rates of collagen-activated aggregation in the above-mentioned group of @entity1 . The results can be explained by platelets from @entity715 @entity1 being exposed to activating factors in the circulation, resulting in @entity141 channel activation. Channel activation persists through the process of platelet isolation and washing and is manifested in higher measured values of [ @entity141 ]cyt and [ @entity141 ]dt in the "resting state." This would bring the platelet closer to its aggregation when aggregation-inducing agents are added. The CTC test is shown to be a useful and convenient means of detecting this abnormality.

title: Abnormal @entity460 handling by platelets in XXXX .

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombotic disorders']


abstract: Twenty-six @entity748 @entity1 participated in a controlled trial of house dust mite avoidance. Group A (n = 14) had 12 weeks' avoidance, provided that they had not deteriorated at the end of the first 6 weeks. Group B (n = 12) had an initial 6 weeks' observation period followed by 6 weeks' avoidance. Mite numbers were extremely variable and often low. There was a significant fall in mite numbers in the first, but not the second, 6-week period in group A. In group B there was a significant fall in mite numbers in both the first (observation) and second (active avoidance) periods. Active avoidance produced highly significant falls in total serum IgE. There were no significant changes in IgE during the observation period. This impressive immunological effect was not associated with any changes in the radio-allergo-sorbent assay (RAST) to house dust mite, or symptom scores; peak expiratory flow rates or @entity112 induced bronchial reactivity. More rigorous avoidance procedures in more severely affected @entity748 @entity1 warrants further investigation.

title: Controlled trial of house dust mite avoidance in XXXX with mild to moderate asthma.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A new lump in the breast following conservation treatment for early @entity0 may represent a recurrence of the disease or may be a benign lesion. Clinical evaluation of these lumps is often extremely difficult and, potentially, mammography would seem to be of great importance in the assessment. Between November 1981 and March 1986, 214 @entity1 with operable @entity0 of 4 cm or less in diameter underwent conservative treatment. The conservation technique comprised synchronous excision of the primary @entity5 without a wide margin, axillary clearance, interstitial irradiation with @entity3201 192 (2000 cGy), and subsequent external beam radiotherapy to the breast (4600 cGy). After an average follow-up of 26 months, 17 @entity1 developed a new lump in the treated breast necessitating further biopsy. Seven of these were malignant and 10 benign. In the latter category the most frequent finding was fat @entity39 . Clinically, the lesions were indistinguishable from each other. The mammographic signs, which best predicted @entity5 , were either of a mass or of a @entity5 . This study illustrates the problems associated with deciding the nature of a new lump in the breast following conservation treatment. Mammography is complementary to physical examination, and a base-line mammogram six months after completion of therapy is helpful. Despite the use of mammography, biopsy is the only definitive way of excluding recurrence.

title: New lumps in the breast following conservation treatment for early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant type of microcalcification', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity16614 residues are hydroxylated by reactive @entity26 species at the C-8 position to form @entity7599 ( @entity24580 ), one of the most important mutagenic lesions in DNA. Though the spontaneous G:C to C:G transversions are rare events, the pathways leading to this mutation are not established. An @entity24580 :G mispair, if not corrected by DNA repair enzymes, could lead to G:C to C:G transversions. NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics calculations are used to refine the solution structure of the base mismatch formed by the @entity24580 :G pair on a self complementary DNA dodecamer duplex d(CGCGAATT(8-O)GGCG)(2). The results reveal that the @entity24580 base is inserted into the helix and forms Hoogsteen base-pairing with the G on the opposite strand. The @entity24580 :G base-pairs are seen to be stabilized by two @entity3884 bonding interactions, one between the H7 of the @entity24580 and the O6 of the G, and a three-center @entity3884 bonding between the O8 of the @entity24580 and the imino and @entity1472 protons of the G. The @entity24580 :G base-pairs are very well stacked between the Watson-Crick base-paired flanking bases. Both strands of the DNA duplex adopt right-handed conformations. All of the unmodified bases, including the G at the lesion site, adopt anti glycosidic torsion angles and form Watson-Crick base-pairs. At the lesion site, the @entity24580 residues adopt syn conformations. The structural studies demonstrate that @entity24580 (syn):G(anti) forms a stable pair in the interior of the duplex, providing a basis for the in vivo incorporation of G opposite @entity24580 . Calculated helical parameters and backbone torsional angles, and the observed 31P chemical shifts, indicate that the structure of the duplex is perturbed near lesion sites, with the local unwinding of the double helix. The melting temperature of the @entity24580 :G containing duplex is only 2.6 deg. C less than the t(m) of the unmodified duplex.

title: Solution structure of a DNA duplex containing @entity7599 opposite XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ["8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16614 :: ('MESH:D003849', 'Chemical') :: ['Deoxyguanosine']

answer: @entity16614 :: (MESH:D003849,Chemical) :: ['deoxyguanosine']


abstract: @entity16614 residues are hydroxylated by reactive @entity26 species at the C-8 position to form @entity7599 ( @entity24580 ), one of the most important mutagenic lesions in DNA. Though the spontaneous G:C to C:G transversions are rare events, the pathways leading to this mutation are not established. An @entity24580 :G mispair, if not corrected by DNA repair enzymes, could lead to G:C to C:G transversions. NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics calculations are used to refine the solution structure of the base mismatch formed by the @entity24580 :G pair on a self complementary DNA dodecamer duplex d(CGCGAATT(8-O)GGCG)(2). The results reveal that the @entity24580 base is inserted into the helix and forms Hoogsteen base-pairing with the G on the opposite strand. The @entity24580 :G base-pairs are seen to be stabilized by two @entity3884 bonding interactions, one between the H7 of the @entity24580 and the O6 of the G, and a three-center @entity3884 bonding between the O8 of the @entity24580 and the imino and @entity1472 protons of the G. The @entity24580 :G base-pairs are very well stacked between the Watson-Crick base-paired flanking bases. Both strands of the DNA duplex adopt right-handed conformations. All of the unmodified bases, including the G at the lesion site, adopt anti glycosidic torsion angles and form Watson-Crick base-pairs. At the lesion site, the @entity24580 residues adopt syn conformations. The structural studies demonstrate that @entity24580 (syn):G(anti) forms a stable pair in the interior of the duplex, providing a basis for the in vivo incorporation of G opposite @entity24580 . Calculated helical parameters and backbone torsional angles, and the observed 31P chemical shifts, indicate that the structure of the duplex is perturbed near lesion sites, with the local unwinding of the double helix. The melting temperature of the @entity24580 :G containing duplex is only 2.6 deg. C less than the t(m) of the unmodified duplex.

title: Solution structure of a DNA duplex containing XXXX opposite @entity16614 .

answer: @entity7599 :: (MESH:C040791,Chemical) :: ['8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine']


abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of carmofur ( @entity11221 ), a masked compound of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), in preventing postoperative recurrence of @entity5464 (especially in @entity150 ). Carmofur was given orally at the dose of 300 approximately 600 mg/day to 134 @entity1 (90 males and 44 females) after the resection. Out of 134 @entity1 , 121 @entity1 were evaluable and the rate of their recurrence was 10.7%. The rate of cumulative nonrecurrence for 65 @entity1 it was 96.0, 73.0 and 60.8% in 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. The group of curative resection demonstrated a higher cumulative nonrecurrence rate than that of noncurative or palliative resection group. In considering the resection methods, transurethral resection of @entity150 group demonstrated a higher rate than partial or total cystectomy. The average concentration of @entity1487 in serum was 0.65 microgram/ml at 120 minutes after oral administration of 200 mg of carmofur. Moreover, the concentration of @entity1487 (15 approximately 35 micrograms/ml) in urine was higher than that of carmofur. The rate of side effects that appeared was 19.6%. The side effects were hot feeling (12.2%), pollakisuria (4.3%), @entity448 (4.3%), an antabuse-like reaction by drinking (3.8%) and so on. These results were similar to those already reported.

title: [Study on effectiveness of carmofur (Mifurol) in @entity5464 , especially XXXX , as a post-operative adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent].

entities_list: @entity5464 :: ('MESH:D014565', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of carmofur ( @entity11221 ), a masked compound of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), in preventing postoperative recurrence of @entity5464 (especially in @entity150 ). Carmofur was given orally at the dose of 300 approximately 600 mg/day to 134 @entity1 (90 males and 44 females) after the resection. Out of 134 @entity1 , 121 @entity1 were evaluable and the rate of their recurrence was 10.7%. The rate of cumulative nonrecurrence for 65 @entity1 it was 96.0, 73.0 and 60.8% in 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. The group of curative resection demonstrated a higher cumulative nonrecurrence rate than that of noncurative or palliative resection group. In considering the resection methods, transurethral resection of @entity150 group demonstrated a higher rate than partial or total cystectomy. The average concentration of @entity1487 in serum was 0.65 microgram/ml at 120 minutes after oral administration of 200 mg of carmofur. Moreover, the concentration of @entity1487 (15 approximately 35 micrograms/ml) in urine was higher than that of carmofur. The rate of side effects that appeared was 19.6%. The side effects were hot feeling (12.2%), pollakisuria (4.3%), @entity448 (4.3%), an antabuse-like reaction by drinking (3.8%) and so on. These results were similar to those already reported.

title: [Study on effectiveness of carmofur (Mifurol) in XXXX , especially @entity150 , as a post-operative adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent].

answer: @entity5464 :: (MESH:D014565,Disease) :: ['urogenital carcinoma']


abstract: The ongoing Prospective @entity65  nster (PROCAM) trial was initiated to identify risk factors for @entity453 ( @entity453 ). By comparing @entity1 ' long-term cardiac status (clinical signs of @entity731 , @entity583 , @entity64 or @entity204 due to @entity731 ) with results from entrance questionnaires, physical examinations, blood pressure measurements, electrocardiograms at rest and blood analyses, the characteristics and strategies for identifying @entity1 in the general population who are at risk for developing @entity453 were to be determined. From PROCAM trial data, 3 predictive criteria for identifying such @entity1 have been determined: They are a total @entity165 /high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 ratio of 6.5 was determined to be the threshold for @entity453 risk. Combined analysis of lipid parameters identified high-risk @entity1 as those with @entity165 values of greater than or equal to 300 mg/dl, and low-risk @entity1 as those with @entity165 and @entity412 values less than 200 mg/dl. The remaining subjects are classified according to their HDL @entity165 values. If the HDL @entity165 value is less than 35 mg/dl, the subject is considered to be at high risk, if HDL @entity165 is greater than or equal to 35 mg/dl the @entity1 is considered to be at average risk. The upper 20% of risk was computed by means of a multiple logistic function based on statistics for age, total @entity165 and HDL @entity165 levels, systolic blood pressure, @entity951 , @entity6 , cigarette smoking and family history of @entity583 . A further analysis was the risk incurred by @entity101 . @entity101 was observed in 16.5% of @entity1 and 13.9% of @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The Prospective XXXX  nster Study: prevalence and prognostic significance of hyperlipidemia in @entity1 with systemic @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular M']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular M']


abstract: The ongoing Prospective @entity65  nster (PROCAM) trial was initiated to identify risk factors for @entity453 ( @entity453 ). By comparing @entity1 ' long-term cardiac status (clinical signs of @entity731 , @entity583 , @entity64 or @entity204 due to @entity731 ) with results from entrance questionnaires, physical examinations, blood pressure measurements, electrocardiograms at rest and blood analyses, the characteristics and strategies for identifying @entity1 in the general population who are at risk for developing @entity453 were to be determined. From PROCAM trial data, 3 predictive criteria for identifying such @entity1 have been determined: They are a total @entity165 /high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 ratio of 6.5 was determined to be the threshold for @entity453 risk. Combined analysis of lipid parameters identified high-risk @entity1 as those with @entity165 values of greater than or equal to 300 mg/dl, and low-risk @entity1 as those with @entity165 and @entity412 values less than 200 mg/dl. The remaining subjects are classified according to their HDL @entity165 values. If the HDL @entity165 value is less than 35 mg/dl, the subject is considered to be at high risk, if HDL @entity165 is greater than or equal to 35 mg/dl the @entity1 is considered to be at average risk. The upper 20% of risk was computed by means of a multiple logistic function based on statistics for age, total @entity165 and HDL @entity165 levels, systolic blood pressure, @entity951 , @entity6 , cigarette smoking and family history of @entity583 . A further analysis was the risk incurred by @entity101 . @entity101 was observed in 16.5% of @entity1 and 13.9% of @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The Prospective @entity65  nster Study: prevalence and prognostic significance of hyperlipidemia in @entity1 with systemic XXXX .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The ongoing Prospective @entity65  nster (PROCAM) trial was initiated to identify risk factors for @entity453 ( @entity453 ). By comparing @entity1 ' long-term cardiac status (clinical signs of @entity731 , @entity583 , @entity64 or @entity204 due to @entity731 ) with results from entrance questionnaires, physical examinations, blood pressure measurements, electrocardiograms at rest and blood analyses, the characteristics and strategies for identifying @entity1 in the general population who are at risk for developing @entity453 were to be determined. From PROCAM trial data, 3 predictive criteria for identifying such @entity1 have been determined: They are a total @entity165 /high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 ratio of 6.5 was determined to be the threshold for @entity453 risk. Combined analysis of lipid parameters identified high-risk @entity1 as those with @entity165 values of greater than or equal to 300 mg/dl, and low-risk @entity1 as those with @entity165 and @entity412 values less than 200 mg/dl. The remaining subjects are classified according to their HDL @entity165 values. If the HDL @entity165 value is less than 35 mg/dl, the subject is considered to be at high risk, if HDL @entity165 is greater than or equal to 35 mg/dl the @entity1 is considered to be at average risk. The upper 20% of risk was computed by means of a multiple logistic function based on statistics for age, total @entity165 and HDL @entity165 levels, systolic blood pressure, @entity951 , @entity6 , cigarette smoking and family history of @entity583 . A further analysis was the risk incurred by @entity101 . @entity101 was observed in 16.5% of @entity1 and 13.9% of @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The Prospective @entity65  nster Study: prevalence and prognostic significance of hyperlipidemia in XXXX with systemic @entity101 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: This study compared the impact on @entity1735 metabolism of two combinedoral contraceptives (COCs). This open-label, single-center trial enrolled @entity1 for a total of 15 cycles. Thirty-six @entity1 were randomized to receive either 20 microg @entity2082 (EE) and 75 microg gestodene (GSD) or 20 microg @entity2082 and 150 microg @entity7281 ( @entity5252 ) daily for 21 days out of 28. A @entity413 tolerance test was performed at baseline and cycles 6 and 13. The area under the curve (AUC) for @entity413 increased in both study groups. The change was statistically significant (p = 0.036) for the 20 EE/75 GSD group at cycle 6 versus baseline. Fasting blood @entity413 at cycle 13 was significantly (p < 0.01) higher for both treatment groups compared to baseline. No changes were found for fasting insulin and fasting @entity2690 levels or for the AUCs of insulin or @entity2690 . Both regimens were well tolerated. @entity2081 and @entity7281 in combination with 20-microg @entity2082 induce similar changes in @entity1735 metabolism which are smaller than those described earlier for COCs containing higher @entity172 doses or more androgenic progestins such as levonorgestrel.

title: Randomized controlled study of the influence of two low @entity172 dose oral contraceptives containing @entity2081 or XXXX on @entity1735 metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2081 :: ('MESH:C033273', 'Chemical') :: ['Gestodene']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity7281 :: ('MESH:D017135', 'Chemical') :: ['desogestrel']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7281 :: (MESH:D017135,Chemical) :: ['desogestrel']


abstract: This study compared the impact on @entity1735 metabolism of two combinedoral contraceptives (COCs). This open-label, single-center trial enrolled @entity1 for a total of 15 cycles. Thirty-six @entity1 were randomized to receive either 20 microg @entity2082 (EE) and 75 microg gestodene (GSD) or 20 microg @entity2082 and 150 microg @entity7281 ( @entity5252 ) daily for 21 days out of 28. A @entity413 tolerance test was performed at baseline and cycles 6 and 13. The area under the curve (AUC) for @entity413 increased in both study groups. The change was statistically significant (p = 0.036) for the 20 EE/75 GSD group at cycle 6 versus baseline. Fasting blood @entity413 at cycle 13 was significantly (p < 0.01) higher for both treatment groups compared to baseline. No changes were found for fasting insulin and fasting @entity2690 levels or for the AUCs of insulin or @entity2690 . Both regimens were well tolerated. @entity2081 and @entity7281 in combination with 20-microg @entity2082 induce similar changes in @entity1735 metabolism which are smaller than those described earlier for COCs containing higher @entity172 doses or more androgenic progestins such as levonorgestrel.

title: Randomized controlled study of the influence of two low XXXX dose oral contraceptives containing @entity2081 or @entity7281 on @entity1735 metabolism.

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: This study compared the impact on @entity1735 metabolism of two combinedoral contraceptives (COCs). This open-label, single-center trial enrolled @entity1 for a total of 15 cycles. Thirty-six @entity1 were randomized to receive either 20 microg @entity2082 (EE) and 75 microg gestodene (GSD) or 20 microg @entity2082 and 150 microg @entity7281 ( @entity5252 ) daily for 21 days out of 28. A @entity413 tolerance test was performed at baseline and cycles 6 and 13. The area under the curve (AUC) for @entity413 increased in both study groups. The change was statistically significant (p = 0.036) for the 20 EE/75 GSD group at cycle 6 versus baseline. Fasting blood @entity413 at cycle 13 was significantly (p < 0.01) higher for both treatment groups compared to baseline. No changes were found for fasting insulin and fasting @entity2690 levels or for the AUCs of insulin or @entity2690 . Both regimens were well tolerated. @entity2081 and @entity7281 in combination with 20-microg @entity2082 induce similar changes in @entity1735 metabolism which are smaller than those described earlier for COCs containing higher @entity172 doses or more androgenic progestins such as levonorgestrel.

title: Randomized controlled study of the influence of two low @entity172 dose oral contraceptives containing XXXX or @entity7281 on @entity1735 metabolism.

answer: @entity2081 :: (MESH:C033273,Chemical) :: ['gestodene']


abstract: This study compared the impact on @entity1735 metabolism of two combinedoral contraceptives (COCs). This open-label, single-center trial enrolled @entity1 for a total of 15 cycles. Thirty-six @entity1 were randomized to receive either 20 microg @entity2082 (EE) and 75 microg gestodene (GSD) or 20 microg @entity2082 and 150 microg @entity7281 ( @entity5252 ) daily for 21 days out of 28. A @entity413 tolerance test was performed at baseline and cycles 6 and 13. The area under the curve (AUC) for @entity413 increased in both study groups. The change was statistically significant (p = 0.036) for the 20 EE/75 GSD group at cycle 6 versus baseline. Fasting blood @entity413 at cycle 13 was significantly (p < 0.01) higher for both treatment groups compared to baseline. No changes were found for fasting insulin and fasting @entity2690 levels or for the AUCs of insulin or @entity2690 . Both regimens were well tolerated. @entity2081 and @entity7281 in combination with 20-microg @entity2082 induce similar changes in @entity1735 metabolism which are smaller than those described earlier for COCs containing higher @entity172 doses or more androgenic progestins such as levonorgestrel.

title: Randomized controlled study of the influence of two low @entity172 dose oral contraceptives containing @entity2081 or @entity7281 on XXXX metabolism.

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: The fate of 75Se-labelled parasites and their released pre-synthesized macromolecules has been followed in three @entity19 @entity281 models. Parasite numbers in specific tissues were determined by autoradiography, and released material was estimated by gamma-counting of tissues, with adjustment for the presence of parasite-associated radiolabel. Marked differences were found between the three models. The pattern of migration of normal schistosomula was similar to that previously reported. In addition we have described the transit of parasites through the lymph nodes draining the @entity281 site. Significant quantities of released material were detected in the skin, draining lymph nodes, bloodstream and liver. The circulating material was of parasite origin, macromolecular, and hence potentially antigenic. In comparison to the normal @entity536 (inducing a high level of resistance to challenge) persisted in the skin, draining lymph nodes and lungs, releasing a proportionally greater amount of material in the nodes. In @entity19 exposed to attenuated parasites and treated with the compound @entity71075 at 24 h (inducing a low level of resistance) there was an early @entity204 and rapid clearance of the parasites whilst still in the skin. This situation resulted in the highest levels of released material in the skin, bloodstream and liver, but negligible levels in the draining lymph nodes. We suggest that the persistence of radiation-attenuated parasites in the skin and draining lymph nodes, together with the prolonged release of antigen in the latter site, compared to the normal situation, are major factors in the induction of resistance.

title: Antigen localization and the induction of resistance in XXXX vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['infection, radiation-attenuated parasites']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of @entity1536 resistance among @entity5363 and Camp. coli isolates from Danish poultry at the farm level, as well as for the whole country. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data and isolates were collected from a national surveillance of @entity5363 in poultry. @entity1536 resistance was investigated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to @entity802 and @entity14116 . Among Camp. @entity5363 and Camp. coli combined, 7.5% were resistant to @entity802 . @entity1536 resistance varied considerably from farm to farm, with 0% on some farms and almost 100% on others, but the resistance was evenly distributed geographically. With respect to isolates from farms where resistance was detected, @entity1536 resistance was higher among Camp. coli (28.7%) than among Camp. @entity5363 (11.3%). PFGE typing of @entity1536 -resistant and @entity1536 -susceptible isolates from four farms indicated that certain resistant isolates belonged to specific clones that were able to persist on the farms during several rotations, even in the absence of selective pressure. Some clones were present and repeatedly isolated in both a @entity1536 -susceptible and @entity1536 -resistant variant. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, @entity1536 resistance among @entity5363 isolates from Danish broilers was 7.5% in 1998 and 1999; it was higher among Camp. coli than Camp. @entity5363 . Genetic diversity among resistant isolates was lower than among susceptible isolates, and certain clones existed in both a resistant and a susceptible variant. Some resistant clones appeared to persist on the farms and were repeatedly isolated from poultry flocks. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The study is important for the understanding of persistence and dynamics of @entity5363 in broiler houses. It also highlights the extent, farm-to-farm variation and persistence of @entity1536 -resistant @entity5363 in broiler houses.

title: Resistance to quinolones in XXXX and Campylobacter coli from Danish broilers at farm level.

entities_list: @entity14116 :: ('MESH:C052904', 'Chemical') :: ['enrofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter', 'Campylobacter jejuni', 'jejuni']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolone', 'quinolone']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ), particularly @entity2418 , may be associated with deletion of chromosome 22q11.2. @entity10515 or @entity509 is known to be a typical feature in this condition. We aimed to establish (i) the prevalence of @entity60942 in fetal @entity4297 and (ii) whether ultrasound assessment of an absent or hypoplastic fetal thymus helps in preselection of a group who are at high risk for this deletion. STUDY DESIGN: In fetuses (> 16 weeks) with @entity4297 , karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization for 22q11.2 were offered and the fetal thymus was evaluated sonographically. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-nine fetuses with @entity4297 and normal karyotype were analyzed. Seventy-six fetuses had @entity2418 . 22q11.2 deletion was present in 10 cases (6.7%), all of which had @entity2418 (13.1%). @entity6732 or absence was suspected in 11 cases with @entity2418 . Nine of these 11 had the deletion; two cases were false positive. One fetus with a normal-sized thymus had deletion of 22q11.2 (sensitivity 90%, specificity 98.5%, positive predictive value 81.8%, and negative predictive value 99.2%). By subtype of @entity299 , there was deletion in four of six fetuses with interruption of the aortic arch, two of four with @entity338 , three of nine with truncus arteriosus and one of 11 cases of @entity215 . @entity1146 with @entity1757 (n = 7), right-sided aortic arch (n = 4), transposition of the great arteries (n = 14), double outlet right ventricle (n = 13) and other complex malpositions of the great vessels (n = 8) were not associated with the deletion. CONCLUSION: @entity6732 or @entity3894 may reliably be diagnosed during fetal echocardiography. The technique allows identification of a group at high risk for 22q11.2 deletion and is more specific and sensitive than by subtype of @entity299 alone.

title: Absent or hypoplastic thymus on ultrasound: a marker for deletion 22q11.2 in fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['absent pulmonary valve syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['Thymic hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity10515 :: ('MESH:C536288', 'Disease') :: ['Thymic aplasia']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['conotruncal anomalies', 'conotruncal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A variety of factors may affect the surgical outcome in @entity1 with cervical spondylotic @entity602 . The aim of this study is to analyze the prognostic factors by comparing younger and elderly @entity1 groups on the basis of preoperative radiological and clinical data. METHODS: To assess the prognostic factors after surgery had been performed, the clinical and radiological data of 64 @entity1 who underwent expansive laminoplasty were reviewed. @entity1 were classified into two groups, a younger @entity1 group (<65 yr of age; n = 29) and an elderly @entity1 group (>/=65 yr of age; n = 35). The neurological status of the @entity1 was assessed by use of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale. Radiological features were examined with computed tomographic myelography and magnetic resonance imaging. The effects of the clinical and radiological findings on neurological outcome were investigated. RESULTS: The preoperative and postoperative mean Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores in elderly @entity1 were significantly lower than those in younger @entity1 . For elderly @entity1 , the transverse area of the spinal cord at the level of maximum compression and symptom duration were the factors that predicted an excellent recovery. In contrast, the transverse area was the only predictor of excellent recovery in younger @entity1 . Age, preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, canal diameter, and an intensity change on the spinal cord were not predictive in either age range. CONCLUSION: The transverse area of the spinal cord may be a reliable predictor of excellent recovery in both younger and elderly @entity1 groups. Shorter symptom duration was an important factor in the excellent recovery of elderly @entity1 .

title: Cervical spondylotic XXXX : surgical results and factors affecting outcome with special reference to age differences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: Postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) using @entity1363 and @entity680 was studied with and without the administration of a single dose of a @entity1245 antagonist, @entity5757 (Ro 15-1788). Performance was compared with a reference group anaesthetized with @entity4490 , @entity680 and @entity3810 . All @entity1 were assessed by use of a rating scale which took into account the degree of sedation, @entity2730 , comprehension and cooperation as well as temporal and spatial orientation. There was a slow recovery following TIVA with @entity2147 and @entity2730 lasting several hours. Administration of @entity5757 1.0 mg i.v. at extubation caused a significant reduction of sedation (P less than 0.001) during the first postoperative hour, with @entity1 fully awake or only lightly sedated, but was later followed by resedation. The @entity1 of the reference group were moderately sedated during the observation period. Five and six hours postoperatively there was no difference between the groups. @entity2730 was more profound in the groups that received @entity1363 ; the effect of the antagonist could only be seen for 15 min after its administration. Comprehension and cooperation, as well as orientation, were equally good in the antagonist and in the reference group during the immediate postoperative period, whereas in the TIVA group a gradual improvement over the first hours was seen. In the antagonist group there was no increase in the number of analgesic requirements, no @entity148 or other adverse effects. It is concluded that @entity5757 offers an improvement in postoperative performance following TIVA induced by @entity1363 and @entity680 , but the effects are of short duration.

title: Effects of the XXXX antagonist @entity5757 on postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia with @entity1363 and @entity680 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnesia', 'Amnesia']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety attacks']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepine']


abstract: Postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) using @entity1363 and @entity680 was studied with and without the administration of a single dose of a @entity1245 antagonist, @entity5757 (Ro 15-1788). Performance was compared with a reference group anaesthetized with @entity4490 , @entity680 and @entity3810 . All @entity1 were assessed by use of a rating scale which took into account the degree of sedation, @entity2730 , comprehension and cooperation as well as temporal and spatial orientation. There was a slow recovery following TIVA with @entity2147 and @entity2730 lasting several hours. Administration of @entity5757 1.0 mg i.v. at extubation caused a significant reduction of sedation (P less than 0.001) during the first postoperative hour, with @entity1 fully awake or only lightly sedated, but was later followed by resedation. The @entity1 of the reference group were moderately sedated during the observation period. Five and six hours postoperatively there was no difference between the groups. @entity2730 was more profound in the groups that received @entity1363 ; the effect of the antagonist could only be seen for 15 min after its administration. Comprehension and cooperation, as well as orientation, were equally good in the antagonist and in the reference group during the immediate postoperative period, whereas in the TIVA group a gradual improvement over the first hours was seen. In the antagonist group there was no increase in the number of analgesic requirements, no @entity148 or other adverse effects. It is concluded that @entity5757 offers an improvement in postoperative performance following TIVA induced by @entity1363 and @entity680 , but the effects are of short duration.

title: Effects of the @entity1245 antagonist XXXX on postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia with @entity1363 and @entity680 .

answer: @entity5757 :: (MESH:D005442,Chemical) :: ['flumazenil']


abstract: Postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) using @entity1363 and @entity680 was studied with and without the administration of a single dose of a @entity1245 antagonist, @entity5757 (Ro 15-1788). Performance was compared with a reference group anaesthetized with @entity4490 , @entity680 and @entity3810 . All @entity1 were assessed by use of a rating scale which took into account the degree of sedation, @entity2730 , comprehension and cooperation as well as temporal and spatial orientation. There was a slow recovery following TIVA with @entity2147 and @entity2730 lasting several hours. Administration of @entity5757 1.0 mg i.v. at extubation caused a significant reduction of sedation (P less than 0.001) during the first postoperative hour, with @entity1 fully awake or only lightly sedated, but was later followed by resedation. The @entity1 of the reference group were moderately sedated during the observation period. Five and six hours postoperatively there was no difference between the groups. @entity2730 was more profound in the groups that received @entity1363 ; the effect of the antagonist could only be seen for 15 min after its administration. Comprehension and cooperation, as well as orientation, were equally good in the antagonist and in the reference group during the immediate postoperative period, whereas in the TIVA group a gradual improvement over the first hours was seen. In the antagonist group there was no increase in the number of analgesic requirements, no @entity148 or other adverse effects. It is concluded that @entity5757 offers an improvement in postoperative performance following TIVA induced by @entity1363 and @entity680 , but the effects are of short duration.

title: Effects of the @entity1245 antagonist @entity5757 on postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia with @entity1363 and XXXX .

answer: @entity680 :: (MESH:D015760,Chemical) :: ['alfentanil']


abstract: Postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) using @entity1363 and @entity680 was studied with and without the administration of a single dose of a @entity1245 antagonist, @entity5757 (Ro 15-1788). Performance was compared with a reference group anaesthetized with @entity4490 , @entity680 and @entity3810 . All @entity1 were assessed by use of a rating scale which took into account the degree of sedation, @entity2730 , comprehension and cooperation as well as temporal and spatial orientation. There was a slow recovery following TIVA with @entity2147 and @entity2730 lasting several hours. Administration of @entity5757 1.0 mg i.v. at extubation caused a significant reduction of sedation (P less than 0.001) during the first postoperative hour, with @entity1 fully awake or only lightly sedated, but was later followed by resedation. The @entity1 of the reference group were moderately sedated during the observation period. Five and six hours postoperatively there was no difference between the groups. @entity2730 was more profound in the groups that received @entity1363 ; the effect of the antagonist could only be seen for 15 min after its administration. Comprehension and cooperation, as well as orientation, were equally good in the antagonist and in the reference group during the immediate postoperative period, whereas in the TIVA group a gradual improvement over the first hours was seen. In the antagonist group there was no increase in the number of analgesic requirements, no @entity148 or other adverse effects. It is concluded that @entity5757 offers an improvement in postoperative performance following TIVA induced by @entity1363 and @entity680 , but the effects are of short duration.

title: Effects of the @entity1245 antagonist @entity5757 on postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia with XXXX and @entity680 .

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: @entity130 may be associated with disruption of normal gut barrier integrity. To test this hypothesis, we assessed intestinal permeability with the nonmetabolizable, poorly absorbed disaccharide @entity11884 , which is efficiently excluded by the normal intestinal mucosa. Permeability studies were performed in 15 burned @entity1 (aged 18 to 67 years; mean burn size, 40%) and 11 healthy controls. @entity11884 , 10 g, was administered enterally, together with 5 g of @entity2656 as a control, and urinary excretion rates were determined. @entity11884 excretion and the @entity11884 / @entity2656 excretion ratio increased threefold (160 +/- 30 vs 57 +/- 7 mumol and 0.113 +/- 0.033 vs 0.035 +/- 0.005) in the infected @entity1 ( @entity295 score, 10 +/- 2; burn size, 38% +/- 6%). In contrast, noninfected burn @entity1 ( @entity295 score, 0) had permeability values similar to those of controls (66 +/- 10 mumol and 0.036 +/- 0.007). Permeability increased as the severity of @entity281 increased. Infection in burn @entity1 is associated with increased bowel permeability. The intestine may be a primary source of @entity295 . Alternatively, the systemic response to @entity281 may alter gut barrier function, which could facilitate translocation of bacteria and absorption of endotoxin.

title: Increased intestinal permeability associated with XXXX in burn @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose', 'Lactulose']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Thermal injury']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: @entity130 may be associated with disruption of normal gut barrier integrity. To test this hypothesis, we assessed intestinal permeability with the nonmetabolizable, poorly absorbed disaccharide @entity11884 , which is efficiently excluded by the normal intestinal mucosa. Permeability studies were performed in 15 burned @entity1 (aged 18 to 67 years; mean burn size, 40%) and 11 healthy controls. @entity11884 , 10 g, was administered enterally, together with 5 g of @entity2656 as a control, and urinary excretion rates were determined. @entity11884 excretion and the @entity11884 / @entity2656 excretion ratio increased threefold (160 +/- 30 vs 57 +/- 7 mumol and 0.113 +/- 0.033 vs 0.035 +/- 0.005) in the infected @entity1 ( @entity295 score, 10 +/- 2; burn size, 38% +/- 6%). In contrast, noninfected burn @entity1 ( @entity295 score, 0) had permeability values similar to those of controls (66 +/- 10 mumol and 0.036 +/- 0.007). Permeability increased as the severity of @entity281 increased. Infection in burn @entity1 is associated with increased bowel permeability. The intestine may be a primary source of @entity295 . Alternatively, the systemic response to @entity281 may alter gut barrier function, which could facilitate translocation of bacteria and absorption of endotoxin.

title: Increased intestinal permeability associated with @entity281 in burn XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Exhaled @entity842 (NO) is a marker of eosinophilic @entity32 of the airway mucosa accompanying changes in the clinical condition of @entity565 . Allergen exposure has been associated with delayed elevation of exhaled NO. The aim of this study was to assess the asthmatic airway @entity32 with exhaled NO measurements during specific bronchial challenge tests with occupational agents. Forty @entity1 with suspected @entity7446 were investigated. Specific bronchial challenge tests were performed with forced expiratory volume in one second or peak expiratory flow follow-up, supplemented by exhaled NO measurements before and 24 h after challenge tests. In active challenges, which induced bronchoconstriction, a significant mean increase of exhaled NO concentration was noted. In @entity1 with a normal or slightly increased (<14.5 parts per billion (ppb)) basal NO level and a late bronchoconstriction, a significant increase in exhaled NO was seen. @entity1 with a high basal NO level (>14.5 ppb) and a significant bronchoconstriction did not show a significant NO elevation. Challenge tests without bronchoconstriction were not associated with a significant elevation of exhaled NO. Exhaled @entity842 measurements can be used to indicate the development of airway @entity32 accompanying late asthmatic reaction after bronchial challenge tests in @entity1 with a normal or slightly increased basal @entity842 concentration.

title: Exhaled @entity842 in specific challenge tests to assess XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

answer: @entity7446 :: (MESH:D059366,Disease) :: ['occupational asthma']


abstract: Exhaled @entity842 (NO) is a marker of eosinophilic @entity32 of the airway mucosa accompanying changes in the clinical condition of @entity565 . Allergen exposure has been associated with delayed elevation of exhaled NO. The aim of this study was to assess the asthmatic airway @entity32 with exhaled NO measurements during specific bronchial challenge tests with occupational agents. Forty @entity1 with suspected @entity7446 were investigated. Specific bronchial challenge tests were performed with forced expiratory volume in one second or peak expiratory flow follow-up, supplemented by exhaled NO measurements before and 24 h after challenge tests. In active challenges, which induced bronchoconstriction, a significant mean increase of exhaled NO concentration was noted. In @entity1 with a normal or slightly increased (<14.5 parts per billion (ppb)) basal NO level and a late bronchoconstriction, a significant increase in exhaled NO was seen. @entity1 with a high basal NO level (>14.5 ppb) and a significant bronchoconstriction did not show a significant NO elevation. Challenge tests without bronchoconstriction were not associated with a significant elevation of exhaled NO. Exhaled @entity842 measurements can be used to indicate the development of airway @entity32 accompanying late asthmatic reaction after bronchial challenge tests in @entity1 with a normal or slightly increased basal @entity842 concentration.

title: Exhaled XXXX in specific challenge tests to assess @entity7446 .

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Pre- and perinatal conditions and processes may affect the risk for some forms of @entity5 in later life, while the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system may play a role in both early somatic growth and later carcinogenesis. Birth weight and length, and the variation of major components of the IGF system immediately after birth, were analyzed in relation to selected physiological and pathological variables. The study comprised 331 healthy full-term newborns from whom blood samples were taken during routine phlebotomy no later than the fifth day of life. Measurements of @entity442 , @entity5100 and @entity2301 concentrations were performed. Birth length and weight were measured and information on socio-economic and medical variables was recorded. The concentrations of all three proteins were lower when blood @entity648 levels were high, possibly as a result of compromised liver function and/or as a component of an activated acute phase reaction. Birth weight was significantly higher by about 46 g among @entity1 whose @entity442 was higher by one SD, while the associations of birth weight and length with other components of the IGF system were in the predicted directions, albeit only in trend. We conclude that in early life, growth is related to the IGF system, mostly @entity442 . The latter is lower in @entity1 with @entity1087 , possibly because of @entity409 and/or as part of an acute phase reaction. We speculate that elevations of @entity442 in early life might explain the increased risk of @entity5 in individuals born with a higher birth weight.

title: Birth size and neonatal levels of major components of the IGF system: implications for later risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-binding protein-3']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The surgical experience with 18 consecutive neonates with @entity849 (PS) and intact ventricular septum was reviewed. All @entity1 had cardiac catheterization with calculation of right ventricular volume. Group A @entity1 (N = 8) had a small right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV less than 72% of predicted). Group B @entity1 (N = 10) had a normal or enlarged RVEDV. All @entity1 had a closed pulmonary valvotomy. Five Group A @entity1 required a systemic-pulmonary shunt or @entity3009 ( @entity5015 ) after operation; one @entity1 died. Nine Group B @entity1 did well after valvotomy; one moribund @entity1 died after valvotomy and shunt. Six of 16 survivors required reoperation: valvectomy in four @entity1 and shunt takedown in two @entity1 . Four of the six @entity1 who had reoperation also had a transannular patch. There was one unrelated late @entity204 . All long-term survivors are asymptomatic. Recatheterization in four @entity1 with a small right ventricle (RV) documented significant RV growth. In conclusion, most neonates with critical PS can be managed with closed valvotomy. @entity1 with a small RV may require PGE1 or a shunt after operation for persistent @entity519 . Some @entity1 with a small RV will have significant RV growth after valvotomy.

title: Surgical intervention in neonates with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['critical pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['critical pulmonary stenosis']


abstract: The advent of the newer 'atypical' antipsychotic medications has revolutionized the pharmacologic treatment of @entity161 and other @entity914 . In contrast to the older conventional antipsychotic agents, atypical medications have a broader spectrum of efficacy (greater efficacy in negative, cognitive, and mood symptoms) and a lower risk of @entity21 ( @entity21 ) and @entity910 . Due to concerns surrounding hematological safety and other adverse effects, @entity1088 is used principally in @entity1 refractory to treatment with other antipsychotic agents. The other three universally available atypical agents ( @entity1090 , @entity1037 , and @entity1089 ) collectively constitute about 70% of all antipsychotic prescriptions in the USA. Despite the broad popularity of these medications and their rapid adoption in general clinical practice, there are limited data on how they compare to each other with regards to their overall efficacy and also as to their efficacy in specific symptom domains. To address this question, two separate analyses were undertaken. First, all published, short-term, randomized, controlled clinical trials of these agents in @entity161 and @entity914 were reviewed and the extent of improvement across these agents was compared. While the amount of improvement with a particular agent across its different studies varied, the average improvement was similar for the agents for all efficacy parameters considered. Secondly, all randomized, controlled clinical trials directly comparing two or more of these agents in @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity914 were analyzed. Only three such trials (all industry sponsored) were identified; while there were differences in methodology and small differences in efficacy on a minority of measures on which comparisons were undertaken, the preponderance of data suggested no differences in efficacy. While data thus far do not support assertions of differential efficacy between @entity1090 , @entity1037 , and @entity1089 , there are clear differences in their side-effect profiles and these are briefly summarized.

title: Efficacy of newer generation antipsychotics in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['tardive dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms', 'EPS']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates a number of proinflammatory biological responses that are thought to contribute to antibacterial resistance. In the present study we examined the ability of IL-1 to recruit inflammatory neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes in vivo; a function that has been reported to be closely related to antibacterial resistance. Intraperitoneal injection of small amounts (1-10 LAF units) of purified @entity1 or recombinant @entity19 @entity634 (rIL-alpha) resulted in an increased influx of inflammatory neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity that peaked at 4-14 h after IL-1 injection. A small but consistent increase in peritoneal macrophages also was observed at 72 h after @entity8885 injection. The ability of @entity8885 to induce neutrophil accumulation was uninfluenced by polymyxin B, was sensitive to heat treatment (100 degrees C for 1 h), and was observed after i.p. injection into @entity558 -nonresponsive C3H/HeJ @entity19 . These three lines of evidence suggested that contaminating @entity558 did not contribute substantially to @entity8885 induced accumulation of neutrophils. Treatment of @entity19 with @entity3352 or @entity2604 did not abrogate @entity8885 induced neutrophil accumulation. @entity19 injected i.p. with increasing amounts of @entity8885 demonstrated a corresponding enhancement of their resistance to an i.p. @entity5125 challenge 4 h later, thus suggesting that IL-1 mediated inflammatory phagocyte accumulation may contribute in part to nonspecific antibacterial resistance.

title: Purified XXXX and recombinant @entity19 @entity634 induced accumulation of inflammatory peritoneal neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes: possible contributions to antibacterial resistance.

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity2604 :: ('MESH:D009637', 'Chemical') :: ['nordihydroguaiaretic acid']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates a number of proinflammatory biological responses that are thought to contribute to antibacterial resistance. In the present study we examined the ability of IL-1 to recruit inflammatory neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes in vivo; a function that has been reported to be closely related to antibacterial resistance. Intraperitoneal injection of small amounts (1-10 LAF units) of purified @entity1 or recombinant @entity19 @entity634 (rIL-alpha) resulted in an increased influx of inflammatory neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity that peaked at 4-14 h after IL-1 injection. A small but consistent increase in peritoneal macrophages also was observed at 72 h after @entity8885 injection. The ability of @entity8885 to induce neutrophil accumulation was uninfluenced by polymyxin B, was sensitive to heat treatment (100 degrees C for 1 h), and was observed after i.p. injection into @entity558 -nonresponsive C3H/HeJ @entity19 . These three lines of evidence suggested that contaminating @entity558 did not contribute substantially to @entity8885 induced accumulation of neutrophils. Treatment of @entity19 with @entity3352 or @entity2604 did not abrogate @entity8885 induced neutrophil accumulation. @entity19 injected i.p. with increasing amounts of @entity8885 demonstrated a corresponding enhancement of their resistance to an i.p. @entity5125 challenge 4 h later, thus suggesting that IL-1 mediated inflammatory phagocyte accumulation may contribute in part to nonspecific antibacterial resistance.

title: Purified @entity1 and recombinant @entity19 XXXX induced accumulation of inflammatory peritoneal neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes: possible contributions to antibacterial resistance.

answer: @entity634 :: (16175(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-1 alpha']


abstract: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates a number of proinflammatory biological responses that are thought to contribute to antibacterial resistance. In the present study we examined the ability of IL-1 to recruit inflammatory neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes in vivo; a function that has been reported to be closely related to antibacterial resistance. Intraperitoneal injection of small amounts (1-10 LAF units) of purified @entity1 or recombinant @entity19 @entity634 (rIL-alpha) resulted in an increased influx of inflammatory neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity that peaked at 4-14 h after IL-1 injection. A small but consistent increase in peritoneal macrophages also was observed at 72 h after @entity8885 injection. The ability of @entity8885 to induce neutrophil accumulation was uninfluenced by polymyxin B, was sensitive to heat treatment (100 degrees C for 1 h), and was observed after i.p. injection into @entity558 -nonresponsive C3H/HeJ @entity19 . These three lines of evidence suggested that contaminating @entity558 did not contribute substantially to @entity8885 induced accumulation of neutrophils. Treatment of @entity19 with @entity3352 or @entity2604 did not abrogate @entity8885 induced neutrophil accumulation. @entity19 injected i.p. with increasing amounts of @entity8885 demonstrated a corresponding enhancement of their resistance to an i.p. @entity5125 challenge 4 h later, thus suggesting that IL-1 mediated inflammatory phagocyte accumulation may contribute in part to nonspecific antibacterial resistance.

title: Purified @entity1 and recombinant XXXX @entity634 induced accumulation of inflammatory peritoneal neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes: possible contributions to antibacterial resistance.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Tissue plasminogen activator ( @entity3479 ) purified from culture of @entity1 lung cells was infused over 30 min at the dose of 7.2 mg or 14.4 mg per @entity1 into @entity1 male volunteers. @entity3479 declined rapidly after the cessation of infusion with T1/2, alpha of about 4 min and T1/2, beta of about 40 min. The plasma @entity2002 and plasminogen did not change during and after the infusion of @entity3479 . The concentration of @entity7426 ( @entity7426 ) did not change but that of @entity7426 -plasmin complex increased to about 200 nM at the infusion of 14.4 mg/ @entity1 . Fragment D was hardly found at the infusion of 7.2 mg but some increase in the concentration of D was observed at the infusion of 14.4 mg. The concentration of free plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ) rapidly declined and kept low up to 150 min, and returned to normal the following day. The concentration of @entity3479 - @entity2289 complex increased rapidly, and slowly declined after the end of the infusion of @entity3479 , suggesting no significant release of @entity2289 in response to increase in plasma concentration of @entity3479 or @entity3479 - @entity2289 complex. The addition of @entity556 to the blood after withdrawal resulted in the significant formation of D-dimer, even at 150 min after the infusion. There was not hyperaggregability of platelets during and after the infusion of @entity3479 . These results suggest that the infusion of @entity3479 at the dose of 7.2 mg or 14.4 mg/ @entity1 for 30 min resulted in high fibrinolytic potential in the blood without the breakdown of @entity2002 or increase in @entity2289 .

title: Changes in various parameters of fibrinolysis in XXXX infused with tissue plasminogen activator: special reference to plasminogen activator inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'person']

entities_list: @entity7426 :: ('5345', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2AP', 'alpha 2antiplasmin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: Sixteen @entity1 @entity150 ( @entity150 ) were transplanted into NMRI nu/nu @entity19 with an acceptance rate of 62.5%. Six of the 16 (37.5%) @entity150 were successfully retransplanted up to 14 passages. Histologic grading and traumatization during surgery influenced the acceptance rate. Grade-I @entity5 were rarely accepted, unless they were obtained during open surgery, rather than by transurethral resection (TUR). Specimens taken by TUR or by electric cut during open surgery were almost never accepted. Identity of the transplanted @entity5 tissue with the original @entity1 @entity150 could be demonstrated by flow cytometry and by light microscopy through several passages in all accepted @entity5 . However, although the @entity5 retained their major structural features, their proliferative activity increased, particularly that of grade-I @entity5 . The @entity5 that were @entity1606 and could be subpassed had three characteristics not seen before in transplanted @entity1358 : @entity5 growth started after a delay which shortened with each further passage; growth rates of @entity5 only in their first passage correlated with the prognosis of the corresponding @entity1 , and with each further passage, @entity5 growth accelerated until a doubling time of about 1 week was observed. From then on, @entity5 growth was almost identical in all @entity5 . In contrast to our experience with transplanted @entity1358 , flow cytometric evaluation of the transplanted and further passaged @entity150 revealed changes in DNA index and an increase in proliferative rate and it seems that @entity150 were strongly influenced by host factors.

title: Long-term serial transplantation of different XXXX @entity150 into NMRI nu/nu @entity19 . Histologic, flow cytometric and growth studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'five tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['BCs', 'bladder carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional-cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Sixteen @entity1 @entity150 ( @entity150 ) were transplanted into NMRI nu/nu @entity19 with an acceptance rate of 62.5%. Six of the 16 (37.5%) @entity150 were successfully retransplanted up to 14 passages. Histologic grading and traumatization during surgery influenced the acceptance rate. Grade-I @entity5 were rarely accepted, unless they were obtained during open surgery, rather than by transurethral resection (TUR). Specimens taken by TUR or by electric cut during open surgery were almost never accepted. Identity of the transplanted @entity5 tissue with the original @entity1 @entity150 could be demonstrated by flow cytometry and by light microscopy through several passages in all accepted @entity5 . However, although the @entity5 retained their major structural features, their proliferative activity increased, particularly that of grade-I @entity5 . The @entity5 that were @entity1606 and could be subpassed had three characteristics not seen before in transplanted @entity1358 : @entity5 growth started after a delay which shortened with each further passage; growth rates of @entity5 only in their first passage correlated with the prognosis of the corresponding @entity1 , and with each further passage, @entity5 growth accelerated until a doubling time of about 1 week was observed. From then on, @entity5 growth was almost identical in all @entity5 . In contrast to our experience with transplanted @entity1358 , flow cytometric evaluation of the transplanted and further passaged @entity150 revealed changes in DNA index and an increase in proliferative rate and it seems that @entity150 were strongly influenced by host factors.

title: Long-term serial transplantation of different @entity1 XXXX into NMRI nu/nu @entity19 . Histologic, flow cytometric and growth studies.

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinomas']


abstract: Sixteen @entity1 @entity150 ( @entity150 ) were transplanted into NMRI nu/nu @entity19 with an acceptance rate of 62.5%. Six of the 16 (37.5%) @entity150 were successfully retransplanted up to 14 passages. Histologic grading and traumatization during surgery influenced the acceptance rate. Grade-I @entity5 were rarely accepted, unless they were obtained during open surgery, rather than by transurethral resection (TUR). Specimens taken by TUR or by electric cut during open surgery were almost never accepted. Identity of the transplanted @entity5 tissue with the original @entity1 @entity150 could be demonstrated by flow cytometry and by light microscopy through several passages in all accepted @entity5 . However, although the @entity5 retained their major structural features, their proliferative activity increased, particularly that of grade-I @entity5 . The @entity5 that were @entity1606 and could be subpassed had three characteristics not seen before in transplanted @entity1358 : @entity5 growth started after a delay which shortened with each further passage; growth rates of @entity5 only in their first passage correlated with the prognosis of the corresponding @entity1 , and with each further passage, @entity5 growth accelerated until a doubling time of about 1 week was observed. From then on, @entity5 growth was almost identical in all @entity5 . In contrast to our experience with transplanted @entity1358 , flow cytometric evaluation of the transplanted and further passaged @entity150 revealed changes in DNA index and an increase in proliferative rate and it seems that @entity150 were strongly influenced by host factors.

title: Long-term serial transplantation of different @entity1 @entity150 into NMRI nu/nu XXXX . Histologic, flow cytometric and growth studies.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In this study we tested the efficacy of quantitative texture analysis in the identification of @entity741 using an ultrasound data acquisition system that digitizes and stores echocardiographic data in polar format. In nine closed-chest @entity235 , data were acquired before and after coronary occlusion using a 2.4 MHz echocardiographic system. Regions of interest were analyzed at end-diastole and end-systole from the @entity63 area and normal area at the same depth of field. Ultrasound data were evaluated using previously reported quantitative gray level texture measures. After occlusion, texture changes indicative of @entity63 were found in systolic images. The directional component of the data analysis was important; analysis in the azimuthal direction was more accurate than in the axial direction. Six texture measures exhibited significant changes in the @entity63 region from control to occlusion when analyzing data in the azimuthal direction. One false positive result occurred (significant texture change in the normal region from control to occlusion) in the azimuthal direction. Several false positive alterations in the normal regions from control to occlusion were found when the texture was evaluated in the axial direction. For accurate assessment of @entity63 changes, preocclusion image data were required. We conclude that quantitative echocardiographic texture analysis using polar format data can identify subtle changes in myocardial texture such as that due to @entity63 , using data acquired through the chest wall.

title: Ultrasound characterization of XXXX by quantitative texture analysis.

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial ischemia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether and how handedness is related to the processes of cerebral lateralization and cognitive performance in @entity1 with congenital insult. Fifty-six @entity1 (31 males and 25 females) with @entity1269 and 14 control subjects were investigated. Of these @entity1 , 32 had a left hemisphere lesion, and 24 @entity1 had a right hemisphere lesion. There were 30 right-handed, 23 left-handed, and three ambidextrous @entity1 in the study group. The neuropsychologic assessment was performed using the NEPSY (a developmental neuropsychological assessment of @entity1 development) test battery. We found that 41% of the hemiparetic @entity1 and 72% of the @entity1 with a left hemisphere lesion were left-handed. In @entity1 contralateral to lesion handedness (no evidence of interhemispheric transfer of functions), we found diffuse @entity73 with @entity73 and poor visuomotor and narrative memory processing. In contrast, @entity1 with ipsilateral to @entity75 handedness (interhemispheric transfer of functions) demonstrated minimal or moderate side-specific @entity73 . Right-handed @entity1 with a right hemisphere lesion had attention, spatial, and short-term @entity2414 ; left-handed @entity1 with a left hemisphere lesion had receptive language and @entity4764 . Handedness combined with neuropsychologic assessment is a reliable indicator of the processes of cerebral reorganization after early brain insult.

title: Cerebral lateralization and @entity73 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'impaired language abilities', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['visuomotor difficulties']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['congenital hemiparesis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether and how handedness is related to the processes of cerebral lateralization and cognitive performance in @entity1 with congenital insult. Fifty-six @entity1 (31 males and 25 females) with @entity1269 and 14 control subjects were investigated. Of these @entity1 , 32 had a left hemisphere lesion, and 24 @entity1 had a right hemisphere lesion. There were 30 right-handed, 23 left-handed, and three ambidextrous @entity1 in the study group. The neuropsychologic assessment was performed using the NEPSY (a developmental neuropsychological assessment of @entity1 development) test battery. We found that 41% of the hemiparetic @entity1 and 72% of the @entity1 with a left hemisphere lesion were left-handed. In @entity1 contralateral to lesion handedness (no evidence of interhemispheric transfer of functions), we found diffuse @entity73 with @entity73 and poor visuomotor and narrative memory processing. In contrast, @entity1 with ipsilateral to @entity75 handedness (interhemispheric transfer of functions) demonstrated minimal or moderate side-specific @entity73 . Right-handed @entity1 with a right hemisphere lesion had attention, spatial, and short-term @entity2414 ; left-handed @entity1 with a left hemisphere lesion had receptive language and @entity4764 . Handedness combined with neuropsychologic assessment is a reliable indicator of the processes of cerebral reorganization after early brain insult.

title: Cerebral lateralization and XXXX after @entity1269 .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive deficits']


abstract: Long @entity6391 ' @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) often demonstrate both slow and decremental conduction properties in the retrograde pathway of the reentrant circuit. The electrophysiologic properties of these pathways are poorly understood. We studied 10 @entity1 with long @entity6391 ' @entity4710 ( @entity6391 '/RR, 0.52 to 0.71); five had the unusual form of atrioventricular nodal reentry (fast-slow) and five @entity1 had accessory AV pathways with slow, decremental retrograde conduction properties. During @entity4710 , the effects of intravenous @entity859 (37.5 to 150 micrograms/kg), which increases @entity972 current (iK) in supraventricular tissue and hyperpolarizes membrane potential toward Ek (-90 mV), and the response to slow-inward channel blockade with @entity1855 (0.10 to 0.20 mg/kg iv) were evaluated. @entity859 and @entity1855 has similar effects in the presence of fast-slow AV nodal reentry since both agents terminated @entity4710 by producing block in the retrograde slow AV nodal pathway. In contrast, @entity859 and @entity1855 had differential effects on retrograde conduction in decremental accessory pathways. @entity859 terminated all episodes of @entity4710 in the retrograde decremental pathway, whereas @entity1855 had a direct effect on this tissue in only two of five @entity1 . Decremental retrograde accessory pathways can therefore demonstrate at least two types of electrophysiologic responses. Pathways that respond only to @entity859 -induced hyperpolarizing K+ current likely comprise depressed fast-Na+ channel tissue, i.e., partially depolarized (greater than -60 to -70 mV) atrial tissue. In contrast, decremental accessory pathways that respond to both modulation of the slow-inward @entity460 current and K+ conductance have pharmacologic properties similar to those of the AV node and may represent more completely depolarized atrial fibers with resting membrane potentials of -60 mV or less.

title: Differential electrophysiologic properties of decremental retrograde pathways in long XXXX ' tachycardia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardias', 'SVT']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['RP']


abstract: @entity6391 was diagnosed in 101 @entity1 from 53 families. The prognosis for visual function was most favourable for the autosomal dominant group (38 @entity1 from 8 families). The autosomal recessive group (40 @entity1 from 25 families) and the 19 solitary cases were very heterogeneous, with prognosis ranging from favourable to very bad. There was a higher intrafamiliar correlation in the autosomal recessive than in the autosomal dominant group. In 28 @entity1 from 18 families with @entity15439 , almost all had good visual function until 30 years of age, and few had useful visual function after the age of 50. The age when the @entity1 were registered varied between the different genetic types of @entity6391 , reflecting differences in prognosis. Therefore, ascertainment probability and prevalence were calculated for each genetic group separately. The prevalence of @entity6391 in Norway, all genetic groups included, was calculated to be 1/4440, the autosomal dominant type of the disease being the most frequent. The prevalence of @entity15439 was calculated to be 3.6/100,000. Both @entity6391 and @entity15439 were more prevalent in Laps.

title: Estimation of prognosis and prevalence of @entity6391 and XXXX in Norway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ['Usher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'Retinitis pigmentosa']

answer: @entity15439 :: (MESH:D052245,Disease) :: ['Usher syndrome']


abstract: @entity6391 was diagnosed in 101 @entity1 from 53 families. The prognosis for visual function was most favourable for the autosomal dominant group (38 @entity1 from 8 families). The autosomal recessive group (40 @entity1 from 25 families) and the 19 solitary cases were very heterogeneous, with prognosis ranging from favourable to very bad. There was a higher intrafamiliar correlation in the autosomal recessive than in the autosomal dominant group. In 28 @entity1 from 18 families with @entity15439 , almost all had good visual function until 30 years of age, and few had useful visual function after the age of 50. The age when the @entity1 were registered varied between the different genetic types of @entity6391 , reflecting differences in prognosis. Therefore, ascertainment probability and prevalence were calculated for each genetic group separately. The prevalence of @entity6391 in Norway, all genetic groups included, was calculated to be 1/4440, the autosomal dominant type of the disease being the most frequent. The prevalence of @entity15439 was calculated to be 3.6/100,000. Both @entity6391 and @entity15439 were more prevalent in Laps.

title: Estimation of prognosis and prevalence of XXXX and @entity15439 in Norway.

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: PURPOSE: Among the locations of @entity49 , even if rare, @entity5892 is a severe event with a high mortality rate. No aetiology is found in 20 to 30% of the cases. In recent years, @entity3459 have been described, as risk factors for @entity49 . We report the results of a retrospective study of 27 @entity1 who suffered @entity5892 , in which @entity854 have been searched for. METHOD: The @entity1 were referred to the haemostasis laboratory of the Henri Mondor hospital between august 1982 and June 1988, after a @entity5892 . The predisposing factors, personal and family history of @entity1031 , clinical presentation, @entity715 location, evolution under treatment and long-term outcome, have been noted. Deficiencies in antithrombine, protein C, protein S, the @entity5337 and the @entity14553 prothrombin-gene mutation, the presence of @entity4555 , of anticardiolipin antibodies as well as a hyperhomocysteinaemia have been searched, either at the initial presentation, or a posteriori. RESULTS: Fourty-one percent of @entity1 had a coagulation abnormality. The prevalence of the different abnormalities was: @entity74 in @entity1129 7.4%, in PC 8%, in PS 12.5%, @entity5337 mutation 12%, @entity14553 prothrombin-gene mutation 12%. Two @entity1 had combined defects: @entity1129 and @entity15310 in one, F V Leiden and F II @entity14553 mutations in one. e of the @entity1 had @entity4555 . Three @entity1 had a significant rate of anticardiolipin antibodies. Five @entity1 out of eight displayed a moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia. Nothing (past history, age, predisposing factors) distinguished those @entity1 bearing a @entity3459 from the others. The venous thromboembolic relapse rate of 15 % (4/27 @entity1 ). Three of them had an inherited @entity854 . CONCLUSION: We recommend an investigation of the haemostasis after every @entity49 .

title: [ XXXX : retrospective study of twenty seven cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5337 :: ('2153', 'Gene') :: ['Factor V Leiden', 'factor V Leiden']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral-vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity15310 :: ('MESH:D015324', 'Disease') :: ['PC deficiency']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation disorder', 'inherited coagulation disorders']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilic abnormality', 'coagulation abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited deficiency']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity5892 :: (MESH:D020767,Disease) :: ['Cerebral-vein thrombosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is rare at the male. The clinic and biological characteristics and the evolution are variable between different studies. From 24 Tunisian observations we try to contribute to the precision of these characteristics on this ground. METHOD: It's a tunisian, multicentric, retrospective study of 24 males lupus, follow-up from 1990 to 1999 within a total lupus cohort of 295 @entity1 . RESULTS: The sex-ratio female/male is 11/29, mean age at diagnosis is 31.75 years (range 10 to 63). The most frequent clinical manifestations are: @entity625 (95%), @entity1910 (71%), photosensitivity (41%), glomerular @entity8 (66%) (classes III and IV = 7 cases/9), the @entity11534 (37.5%) and @entity2407 (25%). Comparing these characteristics of two @entity1 groups (24 males and 271 females), significant difference was observed : vascular @entity715 in male (16% vs 4% p : 0,027) and alopecia in female (12.5% vs 4% p : 0.03). For the other manifestations as @entity8 and @entity11534 which are frequent in male the difference was not significant. The overall survival rate at 5 years 93% is and it was nearly the same in @entity1 @entity1252 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1252 in male is rare. In @entity1252 male @entity1 vascular @entity715 and @entity8 are more frequent without survival's influence.

title: [ XXXX in 24 tunisian males: clinico-biological analysis and clinical course].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['malar rash']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ['Raynaud phenomenon']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Little attention has been paid to the importance of clinical factors associated with @entity548 complications caused by the use of thrombolytic agents. The goal of our study was to examine clinical and hematologic factors associated with an increased risk of @entity548 in a prospectively observed population that received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for @entity583 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Bleeding complications were evaluated in 386 consecutive @entity1 treated with 150 mg of tissue plasminogen activator over six to eight hours for @entity583 . All @entity1 also underwent immediate cardiac catheterization. RESULTS: Quantitation of @entity190 during the @entity1 ' hospital stay included a median drop in hematocrit of 11.4 points, a median nadir hematocrit of 31.2, a 14 percent rate of significant clinically evident @entity548 , and a 31 percent rate of transfusion of two or more units of blood. All of these parameters were much more severe in @entity1 treated with coronary artery bypass surgery. Access site @entity1410 was the most common source of @entity548 (45 percent of @entity1 ), whereas 8 percent had @entity360 , two @entity1 had @entity548 , and two @entity1 had @entity510 . The median nadir @entity2002 was 1.3 g/liter. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between clinical variables, including multiple hematologic measurements, and measures of the amount of @entity190 . The use of coronary artery bypass grafting was the variable most closely associated with @entity548 . Other invasive procedures (angioplasty and @entity2333 ) were also associated with increased @entity548 . Among the @entity1 descriptors examined, lighter weight, older age, female sex, and history of @entity101 were associated with greater @entity190 . Of @entity2480 parameters, only nadir @entity2002 levels were significantly associated with more @entity548 . CONCLUSION: Careful clinical evaluation may improve assessment of the risk/benefit ratio of thrombolytic therapy.

title: XXXX complications associated with the use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in treatment of @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'retroperitoneal bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory coagulation']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['intra-aortic balloon pumping']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhagic']


abstract: PURPOSE: Little attention has been paid to the importance of clinical factors associated with @entity548 complications caused by the use of thrombolytic agents. The goal of our study was to examine clinical and hematologic factors associated with an increased risk of @entity548 in a prospectively observed population that received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for @entity583 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Bleeding complications were evaluated in 386 consecutive @entity1 treated with 150 mg of tissue plasminogen activator over six to eight hours for @entity583 . All @entity1 also underwent immediate cardiac catheterization. RESULTS: Quantitation of @entity190 during the @entity1 ' hospital stay included a median drop in hematocrit of 11.4 points, a median nadir hematocrit of 31.2, a 14 percent rate of significant clinically evident @entity548 , and a 31 percent rate of transfusion of two or more units of blood. All of these parameters were much more severe in @entity1 treated with coronary artery bypass surgery. Access site @entity1410 was the most common source of @entity548 (45 percent of @entity1 ), whereas 8 percent had @entity360 , two @entity1 had @entity548 , and two @entity1 had @entity510 . The median nadir @entity2002 was 1.3 g/liter. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between clinical variables, including multiple hematologic measurements, and measures of the amount of @entity190 . The use of coronary artery bypass grafting was the variable most closely associated with @entity548 . Other invasive procedures (angioplasty and @entity2333 ) were also associated with increased @entity548 . Among the @entity1 descriptors examined, lighter weight, older age, female sex, and history of @entity101 were associated with greater @entity190 . Of @entity2480 parameters, only nadir @entity2002 levels were significantly associated with more @entity548 . CONCLUSION: Careful clinical evaluation may improve assessment of the risk/benefit ratio of thrombolytic therapy.

title: @entity548 complications associated with the use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and biological properties of a newly developed @entity78 cement (CaP cement) implanted in cortical bone. CaP cement was injected as a paste into tibia cortical @entity79 in @entity1237 . @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) bone cement was used as a control. The animals were killed after 3 days, 2, 8, 16 and 24 weeks. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy performed at retrieved samples showed that the CaP cement had set as a @entity6445 apatite and remained stable over time. Light microscopic evaluation showed that after 2 weeks the cement was in tight contact with the bone without any inflammatory reaction or fibrous encapsulation. At later time points, the CaP cement implants were totally covered by a thin layer of bone and osteoclasts, present at the interface, which were clearly resorbing the cement. At locations where CaP cement was resorbed, new bone was deposited. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that indeed a seamless contact existed between CaP cement and bone, as characterized by the occurrence of an electron dense line of 50-60 nm thick that covered the CaP cement. Osteoblasts, in contact with the cement, were depositing new bone. Although the bulk of the material was still in situ after 24 weeks, the progressive osteoclast resorption of the cement followed by new bone formation suggests that all of the material may be replaced eventually. In contrast to the CaP cement, the @entity4625 reference cement was always surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule. The results indicate that the investigated CaP cement is biocompatible, osteoconductive as well as osteotransductive and is a candidate material for use as a bone substitute.

title: Histological evaluation of the bone response to XXXX cement implanted in cortical bone.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['PMMA', 'Polymethylmethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity6445 :: ('CHEBI:41609', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonate']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']