abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of oral/intestinal Candida colonization and Candida-antigen/antibody in immunosuppressed @entity1 after HTx (group III, n = 31), in @entity1 with CHD (group II, n = 24) and in @entity1 with healthy hearts (comparison group, group I, n = 23) aged 2-16 yr according to their dental status between 2004 and 2007. Candida species in saliva, dental plaque, @entity1547 and stool were detected with Sabouraud-/CHROMagar and Auxacolor system. Candida-specific-antigen/antibody assays were used for serological diagnosis. Dental status was determined on the basis of the @entity9104 / @entity9104 (T/t)-index. We found significant group differences in fecal Candida colonization (p = 0.027). In relation to dental status, @entity694 increased within group III from 28.5% [ @entity9104 / @entity9104 (T/t) = 0] to 66.7% [ @entity9104 / @entity9104 (T/t) > or = 1] up to 100.0% [D/d(T/t) > or = 1], similar in groups I and II. Candida-mannan-antigen was determined to be positive in 16.1% (HTx), 5.5% (CHD) and 13.0% (comparison group). We show correlation between @entity694 and (carious) dental status. We assume that high oral Candida and their descending/resorption through the gastrointestinal tract may lead to serologic Candida accumulation or rather candidiasis. Therefore, healthy oral cavity (especially before/after HTx) is an important precondition to prevent @entity6923 .

title: Caries-, Candida- and Candida antigen/antibody frequency in @entity1 after heart transplantation and XXXX with congenital heart disease.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze illicit drug use of @entity1 in a @entity284 treatment program in relation to @entity284 dose, counseling, and retention. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study of a cohort of 204 heroin-dependent subjects admitted for the first time to a @entity284 program in Stockholm. The @entity1 were admitted between 1995 and mid-2000 and were followed until December 2000 or discharge. Up to June 11, 1998, individual psychosocial counseling was provided; after this date individual counseling was replaced with group counseling. Clinical data were collected from @entity1 records and from a laboratory database. Rates of drug-positive urine analyses during different time periods were measured. RESULTS: The mean observation time was 2.5 years for all @entity1 . The one-year retention rate was 84 percent, and the two-year rate was 65 percent, with no major differences between the two counseling groups. Almost all @entity1 relapsed to illicit drug use. Discharged @entity1 had a significantly higher rate of positive urine samples (21 percent versus 9 percent) than @entity1 who remained in treatment. Also, low @entity284 dose and younger age predicted discharge from treatment. CONCLUSION: The frequent urine monitoring showed that illicit drug use was rather common, even in a program with structured psychosocial interventions, although it was lower than in other studies. This testing policy can be used for early identification of @entity1 at risk for drop-out or discharge who should be offered complementary interventions.

title: Patterns of illicit drug use and retention in a XXXX program: a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity7181 has increased in the past decades. Traditionally, management was based on surgical decompression. More recent studies have shown conservative management has successful outcomes in selected @entity1 . CASE REPORT: We present a case, in which an elderly @entity1 presented with new onset @entity158 and mild @entity491 more than a week after a complicated revision of an intrathecal catheter in place for management of chronic @entity1643 . Magentic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a posterior epidural abscess from T12 to L2. Two Touhy needles were placed in the epidural space with fluoroscopic guidance for drainage of the abscess. A catheter was then advanced into the epidural space for irrigation with saline and an antibiotic solution. Intravenous antibiotics were continued for a total of 6 weeks. @entity158 resolved immediately post-procedure. Serial MRIs also showed decreasing size of the abscess. CONCLUSION: Posterior spinal epidural abscesses may be successfully treated by way of the two Touhy needle and catheter technique for drainage and irrigation. This procedure should be reserved for @entity1 that present with no @entity51 or deemed nonsurgical candidates. @entity1 should continue on prolonged intravenous antibiotics and be monitored closely for clinical deterioration and undergo serial follow-up MRIs.

title: Two-tuohy needle and catheter technique for fluoroscopically guided percutaneous XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['axial low back pain']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Radicular pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['spinal epidural abscess']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity7181 :: (MESH:D020802,Disease) :: ['drainage of spinal epidural abscess']


abstract: Dermatophytes are pathogenic fungi that infect @entity1 skin, nails and hair and cause @entity4013 . @entity12736 is one of the most widespread species that belong to this group. Infection of the skin tissues include several stages, i.e., adhesion to the surface of the skin, invasion into the sublayers by the penetration of fungal elements and secretion of enzymes that degrade the skin components. In this study we have followed the morphology of the fungal elements, such as arthroconidia and hyphae, during the adhesion and invasion stages. Skin explants were inoculated with the dermatophyte and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Skin explants were also inoculated with a transgenic isolate of @entity12736 expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). The infected sublayers were investigated by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). As an adaptation to the tissue environment, the dermatophyte produced long fibrils when it is on the open surface of the stratum corneum, while short and thin fibrils are produced inside the dense sublayers. The short and long projections might have a role in adhesion. Invasion may be produced by mechanical and biochemical means. Invasion of the tissue showed hyphal branching and growth in multiple directions. The proteolytic profile was assayed by substrate gel and proteolytic activity. Two @entity563 proteases of similar molecular weight were secreted during growth on the epidermal matrix components keratin and elastin. The dermatophyte may use the proteolytic enzymes to invade the surface and also the deep layer of the skin in immunocompromised @entity1 . Dermatophytes, which are well adapted infectious agents, seem to use their mechanical and biochemical capabilities to invade the skin tissue effectively.

title: Infection stages of the dermatophyte pathogen XXXX : microscopic characterization and proteolytic enzymes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12736 :: ('523103', 'Species') :: ['T. mentagrophytes', 'Trichophyton mentagrophytes']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytosis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity12736 :: (523103,Species) :: ['Trichophyton']


abstract: The use of screening episodes linked to CIN3 and invasive @entity5 registrations to study outcomes from the NHS Cervical Screening ProgrammeObjective: To examine how NHS cervical screening data can be collected and analysed in order to evaluate @entity1 's screening histories as episodes rather than as individual smears. DESIGN: Analysis of routine cervical screening data grouped into screening episodes for a cohort of @entity1 regarding episodes starting in a given year. SETTING: NHS Cervical Screening Programme. POPULATION: Data from four Health Authorities (now eight Primary Care Trusts) from the NHS Cervical Screening Programme with primary smears (first in an episode) taken between 1 April 1999 and 31 March 2000. METHODS: Cytology information obtained from the call/recall ('Exeter') computer system was linked to @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 3 and invasive @entity5 outcome information obtained from @entity5 registries. Screening histories were divided into episodes, each starting with a primary smear that was followed up to episode closure or, for episodes still open followed for an average 4.25 years, from the primary smear. The episode was divided into two parts (up to referral to colposcopy and following the referral). The outcomes of the episodes are described including referral rate to colposcopy and CIN3 and invasive @entity5 rates by factors such as age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Episode histories and rates of referral to colposcopy, CIN3 and invasive @entity5 . RESULTS: There were 176 923 episodes from 176 319 @entity1 (1.003 episodes per @entity1 ) followed up to March 2004, the date at which the first phase of information accrual ceased. Of these episodes, 172 100 (97.3%) were closed either by a negative smear referring the @entity1 back to routine recall or by default (defined as no smear recorded within 21 months following a smear requiring an action of repeat or refer to colposcopy). The remaining 4823 (2.7%) of episodes were still open, of which in 3121 (1.8%) the @entity1 had been referred to colposcopy and in 1702 (1.0%) no referral decision had been made. Referral rates to colposcopy varied by age from 5.7% in @entity1 aged 20-24 years down to 0.9% in @entity1 aged 60-64 years. The overall efficiency of screening was highest for @entity1 aged about 30 years, with a CIN3 detection rate of eight per 1000 @entity1 and a positive predictive value (for CIN3 or worse) of referral to colposcopy of 21%. CONCLUSION: The study has shown that routinely collected NHS cervical screening data can be combined to give information on complete episodes, allowing important performance measures to be studied. We suggest that in future information in the NHS screening system should be structured to facilitate such analysis and to allow cytology and histology information to be readily linked.

title: The use of screening episodes linked to CIN3 and invasive XXXX registrations to study outcomes from the NHS Cervical Screening Programme.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The face's architecture of dentate subjects has been studied to find a reliable guide for the selection of artificial @entity1347 . However, there is no consensus of data regarding a reference to estimate the width of artificial teeth. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze whether there is a consistent relationship between the @entity5529 ( @entity5529 ) and the combined mesiodistal width of the six @entity1347 . METHODS: Standardized digital photographs of 81 dentate Brazilian subjects were included in the sample. They were 37 @entity1 and 44 @entity1 (age 17 to 33). Through image processing software, the @entity5529 and the distance between the tips of the maxillary @entity235 were measured when viewed from the frontal aspect. Accurate casts were made to quantify the distance between the distal surfaces of the maxillary @entity235 on a curve, by use of a flexible millimeter ruler. Nonparametric statistics were performed to analyze the results (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The @entity5529 when compared with the width of the six @entity1347 , on a straight line and on a curve, presented a ratio of 0.914 and of 1.305, respectively. The Wilcoxon test showed no significant difference between the calculated width values and the mesiodistal width measured on a curve and on a straight line (p = 0.986). CONCLUSION: The @entity5529 , when increased by 31% of its value, can suggest the circumferential distance of the six @entity1347 . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The width of the nose, when measured in digital photographs, can be utilized as a reliable guide for the selection of the @entity1347 . It can improve the esthetic result of the oral rehabilitation treatment for the edentulous @entity1 by offering a natural dentofacial relation.

title: Interalar distance to estimate the combined width of the six XXXX in oral rehabilitation treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior teeth', 'maxillary anterior teeth width', 'maxillary anterior teeth']

entities_list: @entity5529 :: ('MESH:C535290', 'Disease') :: ['interalar distance', 'IAD']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['maxillary anterior teeth']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The median age of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) at presentation is 71 years. We conducted an analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data to assess whether the presentation and outcomes of @entity1149 in younger @entity1 (age < or =40 years) are different from that in older @entity1 (age >40 years). METHODS: We obtained the demographic, clinical, and outcomes data for all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1149 from 1988 to 2003 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. @entity1 were grouped by age at diagnosis into younger than or equal to 40 years (younger cohort) or older than 40 years (older cohort). RESULTS: During the period analyzed, we identified 2775 @entity1 with @entity1149 in the younger cohort and 236,313 @entity1 in the older cohort. Compared with the older group, the younger group had greater proportion of African Americans (19.2% versus 10.9%; p < 0.0001), Asian or Pacific Islander (10.3% versus 5.9%; p < 0.0001), @entity1 (48.7% versus 41.9%; p < 0.0001), and @entity1 with stage IV disease (57.4% versus 43.0%; p < 0.0001). @entity420 was more common in younger @entity1 than in the older @entity1 (57.5% versus 45.2%; p < 0.0001). @entity957 was less prevalent in the younger cohort than in older cohort (12.5% versus 26.4%; p < 0.0001). Five-year overall survival and cancer specific survival were significantly better for younger @entity1 than for older @entity1 across all stages. CONCLUSIONS: There is a greater representation of African Americans, Asians or Pacific Islanders, @entity1 , and @entity420 histology in the younger cohort of @entity1 with @entity1149 compared with the older cohort. Despite presenting with stage IV disease more often, the overall and cancer-specific survivals are better in younger cohort than in the older cohort.

title: Distinctive characteristics of @entity1149 ( XXXX ) in the young: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The median age of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) at presentation is 71 years. We conducted an analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data to assess whether the presentation and outcomes of @entity1149 in younger @entity1 (age < or =40 years) are different from that in older @entity1 (age >40 years). METHODS: We obtained the demographic, clinical, and outcomes data for all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1149 from 1988 to 2003 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. @entity1 were grouped by age at diagnosis into younger than or equal to 40 years (younger cohort) or older than 40 years (older cohort). RESULTS: During the period analyzed, we identified 2775 @entity1 with @entity1149 in the younger cohort and 236,313 @entity1 in the older cohort. Compared with the older group, the younger group had greater proportion of African Americans (19.2% versus 10.9%; p < 0.0001), Asian or Pacific Islander (10.3% versus 5.9%; p < 0.0001), @entity1 (48.7% versus 41.9%; p < 0.0001), and @entity1 with stage IV disease (57.4% versus 43.0%; p < 0.0001). @entity420 was more common in younger @entity1 than in the older @entity1 (57.5% versus 45.2%; p < 0.0001). @entity957 was less prevalent in the younger cohort than in older cohort (12.5% versus 26.4%; p < 0.0001). Five-year overall survival and cancer specific survival were significantly better for younger @entity1 than for older @entity1 across all stages. CONCLUSIONS: There is a greater representation of African Americans, Asians or Pacific Islanders, @entity1 , and @entity420 histology in the younger cohort of @entity1 with @entity1149 compared with the older cohort. Despite presenting with stage IV disease more often, the overall and cancer-specific survivals are better in younger cohort than in the older cohort.

title: Distinctive characteristics of XXXX ( @entity1149 ) in the young: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) analysis.

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the risk of ileal pouch-anal @entity254 failure and factors predictive of failure overall and in @entity1 with septic complications. METHODS: @entity1 were identified through a prospectively maintained @entity1 registry. All @entity1 registered in the Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease database who had an ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for more than 12 months were included in the study. Pouch failure was defined as ileal pouch-anal @entity254 excision or permanent diversion. Cox proportional hazard models with @entity204 as a competing risk were created, modeling time to failure as the outcome of interest for all @entity1 and for the subgroup of @entity1 with septic complications. RESULTS: The study included 1,554 @entity1 . One hundred six @entity1 experienced an ileal pouch-anal @entity254 failure (6.8%), 49 (46.2%) of these failures were caused by septic complications. Independent predictors of failure included @entity30 (hazard ratio 7.5, 95% confidence interval [4.7, 12.0]) and @entity86 (hazard ratio 6.6, 95% confidence interval [4.4, 9.8]). In the subgroup of @entity1 with failure due to postoperative septic complications, independent predictors of failure were @entity30 (hazard ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval [1.3, 5.7]) and presence of a pouch @entity292 (hazard ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval [1.3, 5.2]). CONCLUSION: Septic complications are the most common cause of ileal pouch-anal @entity254 failure. Careful @entity1 selection and the prevention of septic complications may decrease the risk of this failure.

title: Sepsis is a major predictor of failure after ileal pouch-anal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative sepsis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Angiogenesis, as measured by degree of microvessel density, has been associated with @entity5 progression in many @entity5 types but does not always correlate with clinical outcome. In 1999, aggressive @entity5 cells were shown to form blood-conducting tubes not lined by endothelial cells, and this phenomenon was termed vasculogenic mimicry. We investigated angiogenesis and the presence of vasculogenic mimicry in @entity14 in relation to @entity5 stage, @entity1 survival, and genetic indicators of @entity5 cell plasticity. METHODS: @entity982 -embedded tissue samples were examined from a study of 117 @entity1 with @entity14 with a 12-year follow-up. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to measure microvessel density and proliferating endothelial cells and to detect vasculogenic mimicry (scored by 3 independent observers). Cell cultures from 7 colon cell lines, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on cell lines, frozen tissue material from 4 @entity14 @entity1 with and 4 without vasculogenic mimicry, and fresh @entity14 tissue from 2 @entity1 were used to investigate the relationship between vasculogenic mimicry and @entity5 cell plasticity. RESULTS: Microvessel density was not a prognostic marker in our @entity1 . We found vasculogenic mimicry in 23 (19.7%) of 117 @entity14 samples. Cell culture experiments and real-time PCR on @entity1 @entity14 material showed evidence for vasculogenic mimicry with overexpression of @entity22129 and @entity13938 , known to be important for the tube-forming capacity of @entity320 cells. The presence of vasculogenic mimicry was associated with significantly shortened survival, both overall (P < 0.0001) and within intermediate @entity5 stages (Dukes B, P = 0.0277; Dukes C, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Vasculogenic mimicry can occur in @entity14 and appears to be comparable to vasculogenic mimicry described in other @entity5 . Moreover, vasculogenic mimicry in @entity14 may be a strong independent prognostic marker for survival.

title: Prognostic role of vasculogenic mimicry in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal tumor', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma tumor']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the short- and long-term rates of @entity64 associated with primary angioplasty alone and angioplasty with stent placement using a meta-analysis of published studies. Both primary angioplasty alone and angioplasty with stent placement have been proposed as treatment strategies for symptomatic @entity4522 to reduce the risk of @entity64 with best medical treatment alone. However, it remains unclear which of these endovascular techniques offers the best risk reduction. METHODS: We identified pertinent studies published between January 1980 and May 2008 using a search on PubMed and Cochrane libraries, supplemented by a review of bibliographies of selected publications. The incidences of @entity64 were estimated for each report and pooled for both angioplasty alone and angioplasty with stent placement at 1 month and 1 year postintervention and then compared using a random-effects model. The association of year of publication and 1-year incidence of @entity64 was analyzed with meta-regression. RESULTS: After applying our selection criteria, we included 69 studies (33 primary angioplasty-alone studies [1027 @entity1 ] and 36 studies of angioplasty with stent placement [1291 @entity1 ]) in the analysis. There were a total of 91 @entity64 reported in the angioplasty-alone-treated group (8.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1%-10.6%), compared with 104 @entity64 in the angioplasty-with-stent-treated group (8.1%; 95% CI, 6.6%-9.5%) during a 1-month period (relative risk [RR], 1.1; P = 0.48). The pooled incidence of 1-year @entity64 in @entity1 treated with angioplasty alone was 19.7% (95% CI, 16.6%-23.5%), compared with 14.2% (95% CI, 11.9%-16.9%) in the angioplasty-with-stent-treated @entity1 (RR, 1.39; P = 0.009). The incidence of technical success was 79.8% (95% CI, 74.7%-84.8%) in the angioplasty-alone group and 95% (95% CI, 93.4%-96.6%) in the angioplasty-with-stent-treated group (RR, 0.84; P < 0.0001). The pooled restenosis rate was 14.2% (95% CI, 11.8-16.6%) in the angioplasty-alone group, as compared with 11.1% (95% CI, 9.2%-13.0%) in the angioplasty-with-stent-treated group (RR, 1.28; P = 0.04). There was no effect of the publication year of the studies on the risk of @entity64 . CONCLUSION: Risk of 1-year @entity64 and rate of @entity256 may be lower in symptomatic @entity4522 @entity1 treated by angioplasty with stent placement compared with @entity1 treated by angioplasty alone.

title: Comparison between primary angioplasty and stent placement for symptomatic XXXX : meta-analysis of case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke-and/or-deaths', 'stroke-and/or-death']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic restenosis']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerotic disease', 'intracranial atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity4522 :: (MESH:D002537,Disease) :: ['intracranial atherosclerotic disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Increased physical activity may decrease the risk of @entity14 . As a prerequisite to the determination of lifestyle attributable risks, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies to quantify gender-specific risk associated with increased leisure-time physical activity (LT-PA). METHOD: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (to December 2007), and other sources, selecting reports based on strict inclusion criteria. We used random-effects meta-analyses to estimate summary risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for uppermost vs lowermost categories of physical activity. To investigate dose-response, we explored risks ratios as a function of cumulative percentiles of physical activity distribution. RESULTS: Fifteen datasets from 14 articles, including 7873 incident cases, were identified. For @entity694 , there were inverse associations with LT-PA for @entity1 (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67-0.96) and @entity1 (0.86; 0.76-0.98). LT-PA did not influence risk of @entity5 . The dose-response analysis was consistent with linear pattern reductions in risk of @entity694 in both genders. There was evidence of moderate between-study heterogeneity but summary estimates were broadly consistent across potential confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Increased LT-PA is associated with a modest reduction in colon but not @entity5 risk; a risk reduction, which previously may have been overstated. LT-PA only interventions in public health cancer prevention strategies are unlikely to impact substantially on @entity14 incidences.

title: Lifestyle factors and XXXX risk (2): a systematic review and meta-analysis of associations with leisure-time physical activity.

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity53 is a pleiotropic hormone with organisational, activational and protective actions in both male and female mammals. It is responsible for numerous aspects of brain development, including @entity4998 . The organisational effects of early @entity2931 exposure are essential for long-lasting cognitive and behavioural functions. @entity53 mediates its effects through several intracellular or membrane-associated receptor proteins. In the rodent cerebral cortex, @entity2931 receptor (ER) expression, as demonstrated by hormone binding studies, is high early in postnatal life and declines precipitously as the animal approaches puberty. This decline is caused by a decreased expression of @entity1782 mRNA. An understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of @entity1782 gene expression is critical for understanding the developmental as well as postpubertal expression of the ER. Despite recent data indicating the current hormone replacement therapies can be detrimental in older @entity1 , numerous animal studies have shown that the endogenous @entity2931 , @entity53 , is neuroprotective. Specifically, low levels of @entity53 protect the cortex from cell death caused by @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). The attenuation of cell death by @entity53 in this model is mediated through an @entity1782 -dependent mechanism. To this end, @entity1782 expression is rapidly increased after @entity2500 , suggesting a return to the developmental programme of gene expression within neurones. One mechanism of suppressing gene expression is by the epigenetic modification of the promoter regions, which results in gene silencing. Of the epigenetic modifications utilised by cells, DNA methylation has been intensively studied as a mechanism by which genes are both permanently and reversibly silenced. Little is known about the mechanisms of ER gene regulation in the brain; however, in @entity0 cells, both @entity1782 and @entity1783 are down-regulated by promoter methylation, and subsequent binding of the @entity5498 -CpG-binding protein, @entity8251 . Data from our laboratory demonstrate that the promoters of the @entity1782 gene are also methylated during development and after @entity528 , suggesting a role of DNA methylation in regulating ER expression in the brain.

title: Regulation of XXXX receptor gene expression: new insights and novel mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['sexual differentiation of the brain']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', '17beta-oestradiol', '17Beta-oestradiol', 'Oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) facilitate functional recovery in @entity35 after @entity64 when administered acutely (1 day) or subacutely (7 days). In this study, we postponed the time of cell transplantation to 1 month after @entity64 . Female retired breeder @entity35 were subjected to 2 h of @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). Male BMSCs (3 x 10(6)) or @entity4613 -buffered saline were administered intravenously, and the animals were killed 3 months later. An additional population of nontreated @entity35 was killed at 1 month after @entity2500 . Significant recovery of behavior was found in BMSC-treated @entity35 beginning at 1 month after cell injection in the modified neurologic severity score test and the adhesive-removal test compared with control animals (P<0.05). In situ hybridization showed that BMSCs survived and preferentially localized to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Double staining revealed that approximately 13% and 6% Y-chromosome-positive cells expressed the astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and the neuronal marker, @entity19744 , respectively. In addition, BMSC treatment reduced scar thickness, and increased the number of proliferating cells and oligodendrocyte precursor cells along the subventricular zone in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Expression of the chemokine @entity9017 ( @entity9017 ) was significantly increased along the ischemic boundary zone compared with the corresponding areas in the contralateral hemisphere at 1 month and 4 months (P<0.01) after @entity64 . The @entity9018 , @entity9018 ( @entity9018 ), was expressed in BMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Our data show that the time window of BMSC therapy is at least 1 month after @entity64 ; the interaction of @entity9017 / @entity9018 may contribute to the trafficking of transplanted BMSCs.

title: Therapeutic benefit of bone marrow stromal cells administered 1 month after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9018 :: ('60628(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CXC-chemokine receptor-4', 'CXCR4', 'SDF-1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion', 'MCAo']

entities_list: @entity19744 :: ('25595(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein-2']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonaccidental @entity542 in @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity1 @entity204 from injury. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Clinical features that suggest inflicted @entity542 include the triad of the so-called @entity3702 , consisting of @entity5861 , subdural, and/or @entity510 in an @entity1 with little signs of external @entity130 . Studies have shown that, in general, the average short fall in the home is extremely unlikely to produce either subdural or @entity5861 , although focal injuries such as @entity174 and @entity548 may be seen. Acceleration/deceleration, especially of the rotational type, is believed to be the most probable mechanism of injury in cases of nonaccidental @entity542 . Damage to the cervicomedullary junction and the respiratory centers, with subsequent @entity519 and @entity4 , has also been implicated. After the initial @entity130 and @entity548 , loss of cerebral autoregulation, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and disruption of ionic homeostasis occur, leading to @entity2657 and @entity137 . Cellular damage can involve large volumes of tissue, without respecting vascular territories. CONCLUSION: Overall, a satisfactory biomechanical model is lacking, and the criminal nature of @entity130 makes it difficult to perform systematic, controlled studies. Unfortunately, outcomes are poor, and the rate of repeated abusive episodes is high. Future research should focus on the development of a satisfactory research model and on prevention strategies.

title: Nonaccidental XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['skull fractures']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'epidural hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3702 :: ('MESH:D038642', 'Disease') :: ['shaken baby syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'abusive injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonaccidental @entity542 in @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity1 @entity204 from injury. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Clinical features that suggest inflicted @entity542 include the triad of the so-called @entity3702 , consisting of @entity5861 , subdural, and/or @entity510 in an @entity1 with little signs of external @entity130 . Studies have shown that, in general, the average short fall in the home is extremely unlikely to produce either subdural or @entity5861 , although focal injuries such as @entity174 and @entity548 may be seen. Acceleration/deceleration, especially of the rotational type, is believed to be the most probable mechanism of injury in cases of nonaccidental @entity542 . Damage to the cervicomedullary junction and the respiratory centers, with subsequent @entity519 and @entity4 , has also been implicated. After the initial @entity130 and @entity548 , loss of cerebral autoregulation, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and disruption of ionic homeostasis occur, leading to @entity2657 and @entity137 . Cellular damage can involve large volumes of tissue, without respecting vascular territories. CONCLUSION: Overall, a satisfactory biomechanical model is lacking, and the criminal nature of @entity130 makes it difficult to perform systematic, controlled studies. Unfortunately, outcomes are poor, and the rate of repeated abusive episodes is high. Future research should focus on the development of a satisfactory research model and on prevention strategies.

title: Nonaccidental @entity542 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although various relationships between the lower and upper airways have been found, the association of @entity4595 with chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity480 has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study was undertaken to examine the association of @entity4595 with chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity1412 . METHODS: In a prospective study, 56 @entity1 with idiopathic and 32 with postinfective @entity4595 were evaluated for chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity1412 by using EP(3)OS criteria and assessing: symptoms score, nasal endoscopy, sinonasal and chest CT scan, nasal and lung function and nasal and exhaled NO. RESULTS: Most @entity4595 @entity1 (77%) satisfied the EP(3)OS criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis, with anterior (98.5%) and posterior (91%) @entity5254 and nasal congestion (90%) being the major symptoms. @entity1 presented maxillary, ethmoidal and ostiomeatal complex occupancy with a total CT score of 8.4 +/- 0.4 (0-24). Using endoscopy, @entity480 with a moderate score of 1.6 +/- 0.1 (0-3) were found in 25% of @entity1 . Nasal NO was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity1412 (347 +/- 62 ppb) than in those without them (683 +/- 76 ppb; P < 0.001), and inversely correlated (R = -0.36; P < 0.01) with the ostiomeatal complex occupancy. In the chest CT scan, @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis showed a higher @entity4595 severity score (7.2 +/- 0.5; P < 0.001) than @entity1 without (3.7 +/- 0.7). The prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis, @entity480 and other outcomes were similar in @entity4595 . CONCLUSIONS: The frequent association of chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity1412 with idiopathic and postinfective BQ supports the united airways concept, and it suggests that the two type of @entity4595 share common etiopathogenic mechanisms.

title: United airways again: high prevalence of rhinosinusitis and XXXX in @entity4595 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic and postinfective bronchiectasis', 'bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity480 :: (MESH:D009298,Disease) :: ['nasal polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although various relationships between the lower and upper airways have been found, the association of @entity4595 with chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity480 has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study was undertaken to examine the association of @entity4595 with chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity1412 . METHODS: In a prospective study, 56 @entity1 with idiopathic and 32 with postinfective @entity4595 were evaluated for chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity1412 by using EP(3)OS criteria and assessing: symptoms score, nasal endoscopy, sinonasal and chest CT scan, nasal and lung function and nasal and exhaled NO. RESULTS: Most @entity4595 @entity1 (77%) satisfied the EP(3)OS criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis, with anterior (98.5%) and posterior (91%) @entity5254 and nasal congestion (90%) being the major symptoms. @entity1 presented maxillary, ethmoidal and ostiomeatal complex occupancy with a total CT score of 8.4 +/- 0.4 (0-24). Using endoscopy, @entity480 with a moderate score of 1.6 +/- 0.1 (0-3) were found in 25% of @entity1 . Nasal NO was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity1412 (347 +/- 62 ppb) than in those without them (683 +/- 76 ppb; P < 0.001), and inversely correlated (R = -0.36; P < 0.01) with the ostiomeatal complex occupancy. In the chest CT scan, @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis showed a higher @entity4595 severity score (7.2 +/- 0.5; P < 0.001) than @entity1 without (3.7 +/- 0.7). The prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis, @entity480 and other outcomes were similar in @entity4595 . CONCLUSIONS: The frequent association of chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity1412 with idiopathic and postinfective BQ supports the united airways concept, and it suggests that the two type of @entity4595 share common etiopathogenic mechanisms.

title: United airways again: high prevalence of rhinosinusitis and @entity480 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The most efficacious and commonly applied anesthetic technique for prostate biopsy is @entity616 . In a previous publication, the creation of a 'hypoechoic space' at the injection site was described. This was reported to be a routine and essential part of the technique in various subsequent series. We were interested in assessing the incidence of the formation of such a hypoechoic area, and more importantly, whether it had any impact on @entity158 management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and eleven consecutive @entity1 were prospectively evaluated. Local anesthetic consisted of 2.5 ml of 2% @entity3303 for each side of the prostate. Infiltration was done within the neurovascular space at the base of the prostate just lateral to the junction between the prostate and the seminal vesicle. The creation of a hypoechoic nodule was recorded in three categories: no formation, unilateral or bilateral formation. Three groups were compared regarding the intensity of @entity158 using a numeric analog scale. RESULTS: No hypoechoic area was formed in 30 (27%) @entity1 . A unilateral nodule was created in 40 (36%), and a bilateral nodule was seen in 41 (37%) @entity1 . The median @entity158 scores were 3.3, 2.5 and 1.3 for the no hypoechoic wheal, unilateral and bilateral wheal groups, respectively (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the creation of a hypoechoic space with anesthetic infiltration for prostate biopsy is indeed an important aspect of the technique with regard to @entity158 control; however, it may not be accomplished in every case.

title: Hypoechoic space formation with XXXX : myth or reality?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['periprostatic block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['periprostatic nerve block']


abstract: @entity130 are the result of @entity337 of the terminal tendon. Most acute mallet fingers can be treated by continuous splinting of the @entity571 ( @entity571 ) joint in extension for 5-6 weeks. @entity174 require open reduction and internal fixation. Treatment of chronic @entity130 must be individualized. If there is a flexible @entity85 , spiral oblique ligament reconstruction is indicated. For a fixed @entity1159 , @entity571 joint arthrodesis is preferred. Profundus @entity130 , or jersey finger, seen within 10 days of injury require operative reattachment of the profundus tendon. Treatment of @entity155 more than 10-14 days after injury must be individualized and depends on location of the stump (palm vs. digit), time from injury, passive mobility of the digit, and individual functional demands. @entity102 , where the stump is distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint can often be advanced secondarily. Other options include no treatment, stump excision with or without @entity571 joint arthrodesis, or flexor tendon reconstruction with a free graft. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, Level V (Expert opinion).

title: Tendon XXXX of the distal phalanx.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['DIP', 'distal interphalangeal']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture dislocations']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic avulsions']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsions']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['swan neck deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['mallet injuries', 'avulsion injuries', 'Mallet injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['avulsion injuries']


abstract: @entity13392 ( @entity13392 ) is a rare @entity0 composed of stromal and epithelial elements. It usually runs a benign course but it may metastasize. In a 31-year-old @entity1 with recurring @entity13392 , a @entity361 in the leg developed. The question arose whether the @entity5 could be a @entity3 from the @entity13392 , which would have major treatment consequences. The problem was addressed using molecular methods, i.e., comparison of the pattern of polymorphic repeat markers on chromosome 17p as well as single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and sequencing of exons 5 to 8 of the @entity876 gene in both @entity5 and normal tissue. An identical pattern of loss of heterozygosity in both @entity0 was demonstrated, but a different pattern was shown in the @entity5 in the leg. This led to the conclusion that the @entity5 had to be a new @entity5 . A mutation in codon 162 of the @entity876 gene was found in the @entity5 tissue as well as in the normal tissue of this @entity1 . This germ line mutation leads to the replacement of @entity6778 by @entity2734 and most likely has functional consequences. In all four examined @entity5 of this @entity1 , the normal @entity876 allele was lost. This is strong evidence that this germ line @entity876 mutation causes the genesis of these two rare primary @entity361 in this young @entity1 . The current study exemplifies the power of molecular diagnostic methods in investigating the specific clinical problem of clonal relation between two separate @entity5 . The germ line mutation found in codon 162 of the @entity876 gene and the association with @entity13392 phyllodes have not been described previously.

title: Molecular assessment of clonality leads to the identification of a new germ line XXXX mutation associated with @entity13392 and soft tissue sarcoma.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast neoplasm', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'latter tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors', 'mesenchymal tumor']

entities_list: @entity13392 :: ('MESH:D003557', 'Disease') :: ['CSP', 'Cystosarcoma phyllodes', 'cystosarcoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['TP53']


abstract: @entity13392 ( @entity13392 ) is a rare @entity0 composed of stromal and epithelial elements. It usually runs a benign course but it may metastasize. In a 31-year-old @entity1 with recurring @entity13392 , a @entity361 in the leg developed. The question arose whether the @entity5 could be a @entity3 from the @entity13392 , which would have major treatment consequences. The problem was addressed using molecular methods, i.e., comparison of the pattern of polymorphic repeat markers on chromosome 17p as well as single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and sequencing of exons 5 to 8 of the @entity876 gene in both @entity5 and normal tissue. An identical pattern of loss of heterozygosity in both @entity0 was demonstrated, but a different pattern was shown in the @entity5 in the leg. This led to the conclusion that the @entity5 had to be a new @entity5 . A mutation in codon 162 of the @entity876 gene was found in the @entity5 tissue as well as in the normal tissue of this @entity1 . This germ line mutation leads to the replacement of @entity6778 by @entity2734 and most likely has functional consequences. In all four examined @entity5 of this @entity1 , the normal @entity876 allele was lost. This is strong evidence that this germ line @entity876 mutation causes the genesis of these two rare primary @entity361 in this young @entity1 . The current study exemplifies the power of molecular diagnostic methods in investigating the specific clinical problem of clonal relation between two separate @entity5 . The germ line mutation found in codon 162 of the @entity876 gene and the association with @entity13392 phyllodes have not been described previously.

title: Molecular assessment of clonality leads to the identification of a new germ line @entity876 mutation associated with XXXX and soft tissue sarcoma.

answer: @entity13392 :: (MESH:D003557,Disease) :: ['malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity11286 ( @entity11287 ) in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract sequelae of radiotherapy. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were those with grade 1 to 3 radiation related @entity4272 , @entity294 and/or @entity476 . At least 4 weeks had to elapse since the completion of the radiotherapy course. @entity1 with @entity548 diathesis or @entity1066 , and patients receiving anticoagulants or chemotherapy were excluded. Stratification criteria included the type of sequelae ( @entity4272 , @entity294 , @entity476 ), the severity grade and the onset (<3 months post-RT, >3 months post-RT). @entity1 were randomized to one of the following arms: 100 mg @entity11287 3 times per day (300 mg/day), 200 mg @entity11287 3 times per day (600 mg/day), or placebo 3 times per day. If there was no improvement in symptoms after 2 months, the protocol treatment was discontinued. If the symptoms improved or resolved, the protocol treatment was continued for additional 4 months. @entity1 under treatment were evaluated monthly, than every 2 to 3 months for the next 18 months. A symptom assessment questionnaire was used to measure quality of life endpoints. RESULTS: From June 1999 to March 2001 180 @entity1 were accessioned from 34 institutions. A total of 168 were analyzable. Neither the best observed response within 3 months for the entire population, nor the response rate within sequelae category or the quality of life measures differed significantly between the 3 arms of the study. CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity11287 has not been associated with an improvement in the clinical course of radiation related morbidity of the gastrointestinal tract.

title: Phase III study of @entity11286 ( XXXX ) in treatment of gastrointestinal tract sequelae of radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity11286 :: ('MESH:D010426', 'Chemical') :: ['pentosanpolysulfate']

answer: @entity11287 :: (CHEBI:46652,Chemical) :: ['PPS']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity11286 ( @entity11287 ) in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract sequelae of radiotherapy. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were those with grade 1 to 3 radiation related @entity4272 , @entity294 and/or @entity476 . At least 4 weeks had to elapse since the completion of the radiotherapy course. @entity1 with @entity548 diathesis or @entity1066 , and patients receiving anticoagulants or chemotherapy were excluded. Stratification criteria included the type of sequelae ( @entity4272 , @entity294 , @entity476 ), the severity grade and the onset (<3 months post-RT, >3 months post-RT). @entity1 were randomized to one of the following arms: 100 mg @entity11287 3 times per day (300 mg/day), 200 mg @entity11287 3 times per day (600 mg/day), or placebo 3 times per day. If there was no improvement in symptoms after 2 months, the protocol treatment was discontinued. If the symptoms improved or resolved, the protocol treatment was continued for additional 4 months. @entity1 under treatment were evaluated monthly, than every 2 to 3 months for the next 18 months. A symptom assessment questionnaire was used to measure quality of life endpoints. RESULTS: From June 1999 to March 2001 180 @entity1 were accessioned from 34 institutions. A total of 168 were analyzable. Neither the best observed response within 3 months for the entire population, nor the response rate within sequelae category or the quality of life measures differed significantly between the 3 arms of the study. CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity11287 has not been associated with an improvement in the clinical course of radiation related morbidity of the gastrointestinal tract.

title: Phase III study of XXXX ( @entity11287 ) in treatment of gastrointestinal tract sequelae of radiotherapy.

answer: @entity11286 :: (MESH:D010426,Chemical) :: ['pentosanpolysulfate']


abstract: Social Marketing Theory is a comprehensive approach of program development encompassing the needs and preferences of the intended audience. It was hypothesized a Social Marketing Theory-based, registered dietitian-led, in-home, @entity65 -targeted diet-education program would improve the dietary status of community-residing older @entity1 . Using a randomized control group design, this 90-day program in two North Carolina counties included 58 @entity1 (30 control; 28 intervention) ages 54 to 83 years. Data were collected using the Mini Nutritional Assessment, three 3-day food records, and program evaluations. The intervention group received two individual registered dietitian-led in-home education sessions and the control group received education material mailings (Visits 2 and 3). Pretested education materials were used. Visits/mailings were scheduled 28 to 30 days apart. Variables measured included @entity65 -related dietary practices and dietary status (Mini Nutritional Assessment). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired sample t tests, multivariant analyses, and independent t tests. Intervention and control Mini Nutritional Assessment scores improved (P=0.0001). Intervention subjects consumed more fiber than control (P=0.013) and reduced @entity1372 intake (P=0.02). Controls reduced energy (P=0.01) and @entity165 intakes (P=0.029), likely because of the decreased food intake. The majority (n=51, 87.9%) rated the program as good to excellent and almost all (n=55, 94.8%) would recommend the program to a friend. The most popular features of the program were the individualized sessions (n=20, 34.5%) and diet analyses (n=11, 19%). These results suggest that @entity65 diet-education materials utilizing Social Marketing Theory principles can lead to improved dietary status among community-residing older @entity1 .

title: A social marketing theory-based diet-education program for XXXX ages 54 to 83 years improved dietary status.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the first accurate prevalence of @entity6134 associated with the use of the SmartPlug. METHODS: All @entity1 from a single private ophthalmology practice who received SmartPlugs from 2002 to 2007 were identified. All @entity1 from the private ophthalmology practice that developed @entity6134 secondary to SmartPlug insertion were referred to a single private ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery office. A retrospective review of those 17 @entity1 was performed. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2007, a total of 235 @entity1 were identified from a single private ophthalmology practice with a total of 402 SmartPlugs inserted. Of those 235 @entity1 , 17 developed @entity6134 and were referred to a single private ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery office. The prevalence of @entity6134 per @entity1 was 7.23%. The prevalence of @entity6134 per SmartPlug inserted was 4.73%. The average time from SmartPlugs insertion to onset of symptoms was 3 years. All affected @entity1 required canaliculotomy and plug removal. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study reporting the prevalence of @entity6134 associated with the use of the SmartPlug. All affected @entity1 required surgical intervention, after which many continued to have @entity936 and one required bilateral Jones tubes. Ophthalmologists using the SmartPlug for the treatment of @entity936 should carefully weigh the risks and benefits of their use.

title: Prevalence of XXXX requiring removal of SmartPlugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye syndrome', 'dry eye']

entities_list: @entity6134 :: ('MESH:C538406', 'Disease') :: ['canaliculitis']

answer: @entity6134 :: (MESH:C538406,Disease) :: ['canaliculitis']


abstract: We examined the levels of anti-thymocyte/T lymphocyte autoantibody (ATA) in the serum of @entity19 injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from periodontopathic bacteria; @entity2523 , @entity3841 , @entity8209 , @entity11281 , and non-oral @entity526 . All of the LPS induced IgM-ATA. Among these, LPS from @entity11281 induced the highest level of IgM-ATA, whereas that of @entity2523 induced the lowest. The peritoneal T lymphocytes of @entity19 injected with LPS were bound by IgM-ATA. Peritoneal B-1 (CD5+B) cells stimulated by each LPS produced much more IgM-ATA than splenic B-2 (CD5-B) cells, suggesting that B-1 cells might be responsible for the production of these antibodies. Serum of @entity19 injected with @entity11281 and @entity8209 LPS showed @entity137 against thymocytes in the presence of @entity95 complements. Binding and @entity137 were confirmed by IgM purified from serum of the @entity19 injected with @entity11281 LPS. Furthermore, serum of @entity19 treated with @entity11281 , @entity8209 or A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS inhibited the proliferation of thymocytes. However, purified IgM from the serum of @entity19 treated with @entity11281 LPS failed to produce the same inhibition. Our results suggest that LPS from certain species of periodontopathic bacteria can induce IgM-ATA in the serum and these antibodies may modulate the local immune network in periodontal tissues.

title: Induction of anti-thymocyte/T lymphocyte antibodies in XXXX injected with lipopolysaccharides from periodontopathic bacteria.

entities_list: @entity11281 :: ('1018', 'Species') :: ['Capnocytophaga ochracea', 'C. ochracea']

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['F. nucleatum', 'Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: 566 @entity1 with @entity66 were treated at the Clinic of Orthopaedics at the University Hospital Olomouc. Of these, 181 were operated for @entity397 of the rotator cuff (RC). They were categorised according to the Gschwend classification, age and gender(1). Laterality of the operated limb was also evaluated. @entity1 with @entity397 larger than 4 cm were treated by open operation. 84 shoulders with @entity397 classified as Gschwend I, II and IIIa -52 males and 32 females-were treated arthroscopically. The age of the operated @entity1 ranged from 40-60 years. In both genders, the right shoulder was more often affected. Two operating techniques were used: 1) Transosseal refixation of the RC muscle tendons, using RC MITEK anchor implants, 2) "End to end" sutures, without implants(2-4). Operating time was reduced to 30-40 min. The operating results were evaluated according to the UCLA criteria- University of California Shoulder Rating Score(2). 45 @entity1 achieved excellent results (53 %), 35 @entity1 had good results (42 %), and 4 @entity1 (5 %) obtained satisfactory results. None of the @entity1 obtained poor results- a score of less than 20 was poor. @entity1 felt comfortable following the operation and none had any post-operational complications. The author is convinced, along with others, that arthroscopic suturing of RC @entity397 classified I-IIIa allows for @entity397 treatment that in the past had to be treated by open technique(2-5). The deltoid muscle is not affected by arthroscopy. There is normalisation of the @entity1 's movement, @entity158 , force, and rotational stability is comparable to the healthy limb. Treatment time is reduced to a minimum and the @entity1 may soon return to normal daily life.

title: Arthroscopic treatment of XXXX of the rotator cuff.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder disease']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptures']


abstract: The goal of the study was to monitor the antioxidative effect of @entity49690 derivative in the conditions of @entity63 -reperfusion of @entity35 kidney tissue. The animals were divided by random selection into 5 groups (n = 10). The treated groups were given @entity49690 derivate in peroral doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg in 0.5 % solution of Avicel once a day; the placebo group was given only the solution of Avicel. The last group was an intact group (without @entity63 -reperfusion and without treatment). After conclusion of medication on the 15th day all animals were subjected to kidney tissue @entity63 (60 min.) followed by reperfusion (10 min.). All animals were subsequently exsanquined and single identification of superoxiddismutase, glutathion peroxidase, total antioxidative capacity, and @entity1234 level in the blood were determined. Kidneys were recovered for histopathological examination. A statistically significant decrease of the superoxiddismutase and statistically significant increase of the @entity2041 peroxidase catalytic activity in the treated groups compared to the groups of placebo and intact was discovered. There was also a statistically highly significant increase of total antioxidative capacity in the treated groups compared to the groups of placebo and intact. A statistically significant decrease of @entity1234 level was identified in the treated groups compared to the groups of placebo and intact. The results of biochemical examination show a protective antioxidative effect of @entity49690 derivative. The results of histopathological examination support this assumption.

title: Influence of antioxidant effect of XXXX derivative in condition of kidney ischemia-reperfusion in a pre-clinical experiment (effect in prophylaxis).

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['laboratory rat']

entities_list: @entity49690 :: ('MESH:C100106', 'Chemical') :: ['stobadine']

answer: @entity49690 :: (MESH:C100106,Chemical) :: ['stobadine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ), collectively referred to as @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ), cause significant morbidity and generate a substantial cost to the health care system. Canadian data on the incidence of @entity1489 are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence and characteristics of @entity1489 in New Brunswick, Canada (population 729,498 @entity1 in 2001), by using the Provincial @entity5 Registry. METHOD: Data were obtained from 1992 to 2001 from the New Brunswick Provincial @entity5 Registry, to which reporting of all @entity5 is mandatory. @entity5 of a given histologic type are recorded only once in the registry per individual per lifetime. A descriptive analysis of incidence rates of @entity1491 and invasive @entity957 of the skin was performed in relation to gender, age, and anatomic location. The main outcome measures were the age- and sex-specific incidence rates of @entity1491 and @entity957 . Age standardization was performed using the Canadian, US, and world standard populations. RESULTS: When adjusted to the world standard population, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100,000 population for @entity1491 from 1992 through 2001 were 87 for males and 68 for females. For invasive @entity957 , the ASIRs per 100,000 population were 34 for males and 16 for females. There was an increasing incidence trend for both @entity1491 and invasive @entity957 over the 10-year study period, with minimal change in the incidence of @entity957 in @entity1 . The overall ratio of @entity1491 to invasive @entity957 in the population was 2.8 to 1. The approximate lifetime probabilities of developing @entity1491 and invasive @entity957 were 13% and 5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity1489 in the province of New Brunswick is similar to that reported from 1973 through 1987 in the province of British Columbia, higher than those reported in most parts of Europe, and lower than all published rates in the United States and Australia. Owing to the inability of the registry to account for @entity5 multiplicity, the actual annual number of all @entity1489 lesions in this population is likely much higher.

title: Incidence of XXXX in New Brunswick, Canada, 1992 to 2001.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Multiple tumors', 'cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer', 'NMSC']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['BCC', 'Basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer']


abstract: @entity149 are rare neoplasms characterized by a dismal prognosis relative to other @entity706 . Approximately 98% of @entity149 are of B-cell origin, and most belong to the diffuse large B-cell type. Recently, diffuse large @entity1892 have been subcategorized into germinal center and nongerminal center types based on gene expression profiles and immunohistochemical expression of @entity2282 , @entity4042 , and @entity14546 . Studies have shown that the overall survival rate of the germinal center group is better than that of the @entity706 . In this study, 31 cases of @entity149 of the diffuse large B-cell type were retrieved, reviewed, and immunostained for @entity2282 , @entity4042 , @entity14546 , and Ki-67. Subclassification was carried out as described earlier, where @entity2282 and/or @entity4042 positivity and negativity for @entity14546 were considered characteristic of germinal center subtype and the opposite expression of nongerminal center subtype. Furthermore, the proliferative activity was semiquantitatively assessed using percent positive cells staining with Ki-67. Of the 31 cases examined, 26 (84%) were found to belong to the nongerminal center type. The Ki-67 index in these 26 cases ranged from 30 to 90% (mean, 69%). Five cases were categorized as the germinal center subtype. They had an Ki-67 index between 70 and 90% (mean, 78%). Interestingly, none of our @entity1 were known to be @entity645 positive. One @entity1 had a 10-year history of orthotopic liver transplant. We also performed fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis on @entity406 -fixed material and found that 38% of the cases where tissue was available had abnormalities of MYC/ @entity7513 and/or @entity7513 / @entity588 . We conclude that most primary central nervous system diffuse large @entity1892 are of the nongerminal center origin. Regardless of the germinal center status, all cases showed a high proliferative rate. A statistically significant difference in the overall survival between the two groups was not seen.

title: Most primary central nervous system diffuse large XXXX occurring in immunocompetent individuals belong to the nongerminal center subtype: a retrospective analysis of 31 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['nongerminal center lymphomas', 'extranodal lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['primary central nervous system lymphomas', 'Primary central nervous system lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphomas']


abstract: Most esophageal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) express T-cell markers. Increased numbers of esophageal IELs have been shown in @entity354 . The cytotoxic potential and activity of esophageal IELs have not as yet been examined. Our objectives were to determine whether esophageal IELs express the recently described cytotoxic T-cell (CTLs) markers, @entity13433 and @entity10807 , and whether the number of CTLs correlates with well-defined endoscopic, clinical, and histological features of @entity2910 . In this study, most CD-3+ esophageal IELs exhibit the @entity405 +/ @entity13433 + T cell with cytotoxic potential phenotype in both histologically normal biopsy specimens and in biopsy specimens with @entity2910 . A subpopulation of esophageal IELs that express cytotoxic activity was identified by @entity10807 immunostaining. A significant positive association was found between the number of esophageal IELs seen by light microscopy in biopsy specimens with histological features of reflux (21 IELs/HPF) and @entity2910 (31 IELs/HPF) as compared with normal-appearing biopsy specimens (10 IELs/HPF) (P< or =.05). Furthermore, the number of @entity13433 or @entity10807 -positive IELs were significantly increased in biopsy specimens with @entity354 (34 and 15 cells/HPF) and @entity2910 (44 and 18 cells/HPF) as compared with normal (11 and 2 cells/HPF) (P< or =.05). @entity10807 and CD-3-positive IELs were also significantly elevated in biopsy specimens with reflux-associated @entity1373 (P< or =.05). Finally, biopsy specimens of @entity1 with @entity1282 and to a lesser extent @entity2210 /heartburn exhibited increased numbers of IELs bearing the cytotoxic phenotype when compared with asymptomatic @entity1 . In conclusion, we provide immunohistochemical evidence that most esophageal IELs exhibit the cytotoxic phenotype and that activated cytotoxic IELs are increased in reflux and @entity2910 .

title: Assessment and diagnostic utility of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte phenotype using the specific markers @entity10807 and XXXX in esophageal mucosal biopsies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis', 'Candida esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['squamous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity13433 :: (7072,Gene) :: ['TIA-1']


abstract: Most esophageal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) express T-cell markers. Increased numbers of esophageal IELs have been shown in @entity354 . The cytotoxic potential and activity of esophageal IELs have not as yet been examined. Our objectives were to determine whether esophageal IELs express the recently described cytotoxic T-cell (CTLs) markers, @entity13433 and @entity10807 , and whether the number of CTLs correlates with well-defined endoscopic, clinical, and histological features of @entity2910 . In this study, most CD-3+ esophageal IELs exhibit the @entity405 +/ @entity13433 + T cell with cytotoxic potential phenotype in both histologically normal biopsy specimens and in biopsy specimens with @entity2910 . A subpopulation of esophageal IELs that express cytotoxic activity was identified by @entity10807 immunostaining. A significant positive association was found between the number of esophageal IELs seen by light microscopy in biopsy specimens with histological features of reflux (21 IELs/HPF) and @entity2910 (31 IELs/HPF) as compared with normal-appearing biopsy specimens (10 IELs/HPF) (P< or =.05). Furthermore, the number of @entity13433 or @entity10807 -positive IELs were significantly increased in biopsy specimens with @entity354 (34 and 15 cells/HPF) and @entity2910 (44 and 18 cells/HPF) as compared with normal (11 and 2 cells/HPF) (P< or =.05). @entity10807 and CD-3-positive IELs were also significantly elevated in biopsy specimens with reflux-associated @entity1373 (P< or =.05). Finally, biopsy specimens of @entity1 with @entity1282 and to a lesser extent @entity2210 /heartburn exhibited increased numbers of IELs bearing the cytotoxic phenotype when compared with asymptomatic @entity1 . In conclusion, we provide immunohistochemical evidence that most esophageal IELs exhibit the cytotoxic phenotype and that activated cytotoxic IELs are increased in reflux and @entity2910 .

title: Assessment and diagnostic utility of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte phenotype using the specific markers XXXX and @entity13433 in esophageal mucosal biopsies.

answer: @entity10807 :: (3002,Gene) :: ['granzyme-B']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify the relative @entity1 dose of @entity1089 during breast feeding, describe the milk:plasma (M:P) ratio, and determine the well-being of the exposed @entity1 . CASE SUMMARY: A 26-year-old mother and her 3-month-old son were studied over a 24 hour @entity1089 dose interval at steady-state. @entity1089 concentrations were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. @entity1 exposure was calculated as the concentration in milk multiplied by an estimated milk production of 0.15 L/kg/day and normalized to the weight-adjusted maternal dose. The average concentration in milk was 41 microg/L, the M:P ratio (measured using average concentrations in the elimination phase) was 0.29, and the relative @entity1 dose was 0.09% of the maternal weight-adjusted dose (7273 microg/kg/day). The @entity1 plasma concentration of 1.4 microg/L was some 6% of the corresponding maternal plasma concentration. No adverse effects were noted in the @entity1 . DISCUSSION: Our findings of an @entity1 exposure to @entity1089 of less than 0.1% of the maternal dose and a lack of adverse effects confirm and extend the findings of 2 previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: Although limited, the data shown here support the prescription of @entity1089 to a breast-feeding mother following a careful individual risk/benefit analysis. We suggest regular monitoring of @entity1 progress and occasional measurement of @entity1089 in the @entity1 's plasma.

title: XXXX and breast feeding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine', 'Quetiapine']

answer: @entity1089 :: (MESH:C069541,Chemical) :: ['Quetiapine']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Research suggests that @entity6413 may become persistent after mild @entity131 (mTBI). The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of subjective complaints, characteristic for @entity6413 , 23 years after mTBI. RESEARCH DESIGN: The study was a follow-up after a prospective @entity542 study at a general hospital in Norway. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Ninety-seven @entity1 were assessed with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) 23 years after sustaining primarily mTBI. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: A good overall outcome was found with scores close to the normative mean, average length of education and normal employment rate. However, the @entity1 that sustained complicated mTBI showed somewhat more pathological scores, well-matched with mild @entity6413 . The most important predictors of poor outcome were a combination of post-traumatic @entity2730 >30 minutes and EEG pathology within 24 hours after @entity131 . No influence of pre- and post-injury risk factors on current MMPI-2 profiles was found. CONCLUSIONS: The results are in line with previous research findings and support the notion of potentially differential impact of uncomplicated vs. complicated mTBI. The findings suggest that complicated mTBI may cause @entity6413 .

title: Indicators of complicated mild XXXX predict MMPI-2 scores after 23 years.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity6413 :: ('MESH:D038223', 'Disease') :: ['post-concussive syndrome', 'subtle chronic symptoms typical of post-concussive syndrome']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['TBI']


abstract: The adverse effects of opioids are well documented. Because opioid receptors have a wide-ranging anatomic distribution, the effects subsequent to opioid binding, both good and bad, occur centrally and in the periphery. Postoperative strategies to reduce opioid burden, therefore, are in the @entity1 's best interest. Multimodal @entity1337 is the key towards balancing the need for opioids while simultaneously reducing their burden. Alternative anesthesia and @entity1337 options such as regional anesthesia, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or @entity3840 enzyme inhibitors should be considered part of multimodal protocols. Familiarity of where these drugs are active in the body and how they can be employed is imperative for all surgical team members. Optimal implementation of multimodal approaches can reduce hospital stay and improve clinical outcomes, including @entity1 satisfaction. Finally, strategies that may help reduce rates of hospital readmission also contribute to overall improved outcome. New peripherally acting mu-opioid-receptor antagonists represent significant progress in the ability of perianesthesia nurses to play an even greater role in achieving these goals. In contrast to older opioid-receptor antagonists, these agents specifically target an important aspect of the multifactorial etiology of @entity86 ( @entity86 ), mu-opioid-receptor-mediated activity in the GI tract. In addition, they do not pass the blood-brain barrier or diminish opioid-mediated @entity1337 . Advanced clinical trials have already demonstrated the ability of one of these agents, @entity29141 , to reduce @entity86 and improve other postoperative outcomes while maintaining adequate @entity1337 . Combined with other options aimed at reducing opioid burden, alvimopan and similar drugs in development hold promise as part of multimodal protocols to optimize @entity158 management while minimizing postoperative morbidities.

title: Peripherally acting mu-opioid-receptor antagonists and the connection between XXXX and @entity158 management: The anesthesiologist's view and beyond.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['POI', 'postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity29141 :: ('MESH:C419502', 'Chemical') :: ['alvimopan']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative ileus']


abstract: The adverse effects of opioids are well documented. Because opioid receptors have a wide-ranging anatomic distribution, the effects subsequent to opioid binding, both good and bad, occur centrally and in the periphery. Postoperative strategies to reduce opioid burden, therefore, are in the @entity1 's best interest. Multimodal @entity1337 is the key towards balancing the need for opioids while simultaneously reducing their burden. Alternative anesthesia and @entity1337 options such as regional anesthesia, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or @entity3840 enzyme inhibitors should be considered part of multimodal protocols. Familiarity of where these drugs are active in the body and how they can be employed is imperative for all surgical team members. Optimal implementation of multimodal approaches can reduce hospital stay and improve clinical outcomes, including @entity1 satisfaction. Finally, strategies that may help reduce rates of hospital readmission also contribute to overall improved outcome. New peripherally acting mu-opioid-receptor antagonists represent significant progress in the ability of perianesthesia nurses to play an even greater role in achieving these goals. In contrast to older opioid-receptor antagonists, these agents specifically target an important aspect of the multifactorial etiology of @entity86 ( @entity86 ), mu-opioid-receptor-mediated activity in the GI tract. In addition, they do not pass the blood-brain barrier or diminish opioid-mediated @entity1337 . Advanced clinical trials have already demonstrated the ability of one of these agents, @entity29141 , to reduce @entity86 and improve other postoperative outcomes while maintaining adequate @entity1337 . Combined with other options aimed at reducing opioid burden, alvimopan and similar drugs in development hold promise as part of multimodal protocols to optimize @entity158 management while minimizing postoperative morbidities.

title: Peripherally acting mu-opioid-receptor antagonists and the connection between @entity86 and XXXX management: The anesthesiologist's view and beyond.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) has significant prognostic implications for long-term outcomes in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation. In several retrospective studies, perioperative variables have been associated with @entity810 . These variables have been mainly associated with changes in @entity1011 concentrations over several days or months post-transplantation. To better define @entity810 , new markers have become available that help to identify @entity1 at risk for @entity8 within hours of a triggering insult. We prospectively enrolled liver transplant @entity1 at our institutions to evaluate @entity15901 ( @entity15901 ), a marker of early @entity8 , as a surrogate for @entity810 in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation. Blood was prospectively collected at predetermined time points from 59 @entity1 at 2 institutions. The electronic anesthesia records and the hospital computer data system were reviewed for perioperative variables. Data collection included @entity1 demographics, intraoperative variables such as fluid management, transfusion requirements, hemodynamics, and urine output. Subsequently, @entity1 were grouped according to the presence of risk for developing @entity810 as defined by the RIFLE (risk, @entity177 , loss, and @entity454 ) criteria. The difference between the @entity15901 concentration 2 hours after reperfusion and the baseline @entity15901 concentration was predictive of @entity810 in all @entity1 , including @entity1 with preexisting @entity8 . In @entity1 with @entity1011 concentrations less than 1.5 mg/dL, a single @entity15901 determination 2 hours after reperfusion of the liver was associated with the development of @entity810 . Total occlusion of the inferior vena cava was associated with @entity810 . In conclusion, @entity15901 concentrations obtained during surgery were highly associated with postoperative @entity810 in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation. These findings will allow the design of larger interventional studies. Our findings regarding the impact of surgical techniques and @entity413 require validation in larger studies.

title: @entity810 during liver transplantation as determined by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['injury, failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'Acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity15901 :: ('3934', 'Gene') :: ['neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin', 'NGAL']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage kidney disease']

answer: @entity15901 :: (3934,Gene) :: ['neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin']


abstract: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) has significant prognostic implications for long-term outcomes in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation. In several retrospective studies, perioperative variables have been associated with @entity810 . These variables have been mainly associated with changes in @entity1011 concentrations over several days or months post-transplantation. To better define @entity810 , new markers have become available that help to identify @entity1 at risk for @entity8 within hours of a triggering insult. We prospectively enrolled liver transplant @entity1 at our institutions to evaluate @entity15901 ( @entity15901 ), a marker of early @entity8 , as a surrogate for @entity810 in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation. Blood was prospectively collected at predetermined time points from 59 @entity1 at 2 institutions. The electronic anesthesia records and the hospital computer data system were reviewed for perioperative variables. Data collection included @entity1 demographics, intraoperative variables such as fluid management, transfusion requirements, hemodynamics, and urine output. Subsequently, @entity1 were grouped according to the presence of risk for developing @entity810 as defined by the RIFLE (risk, @entity177 , loss, and @entity454 ) criteria. The difference between the @entity15901 concentration 2 hours after reperfusion and the baseline @entity15901 concentration was predictive of @entity810 in all @entity1 , including @entity1 with preexisting @entity8 . In @entity1 with @entity1011 concentrations less than 1.5 mg/dL, a single @entity15901 determination 2 hours after reperfusion of the liver was associated with the development of @entity810 . Total occlusion of the inferior vena cava was associated with @entity810 . In conclusion, @entity15901 concentrations obtained during surgery were highly associated with postoperative @entity810 in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation. These findings will allow the design of larger interventional studies. Our findings regarding the impact of surgical techniques and @entity413 require validation in larger studies.

title: XXXX during liver transplantation as determined by @entity15901 .

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute kidney injury']


abstract: @entity3151 is essential for plant growth, and in many soils @entity3151 availability limits crop production. Most plants in natural ecosystems obtain @entity3151 via a symbiotic partnership with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. While the significance of these associations is apparent, their molecular basis is poorly understood. Consequently, the potential to harness the @entity6636 to improve @entity3151 nutrition in agriculture is not realized. Transcript profiling has recently been used to investigate gene expression changes that accompany development of the AM symbiosis. While these approaches have enabled the identification of AM-symbiosis-associated genes, they have generally involved the use of RNA from whole mycorrhizal roots. Laser microdissection techniques allow the dissection and capture of individual cells from a tissue. RNA can then be isolated from these samples and cell-type specific gene expression information can be obtained. This technology has been applied to obtain cells from plants and more recently to study plant-microbe interactions. The latter techniques, particularly those developed for root-microbe interactions, are of relevance to plant-parasitic weed research. Here, laser microdissection, its use in plant biology and in particular plant-microbe interactions are discussed. An overview of the AM symbiosis is then provided, with a focus on recent advances in understanding development of the arbuscule-cortical cell interface. Finally, the recent applications of laser microdissection for analyses of AM symbiosis are discussed.

title: Laser microdissection and its application to analyze gene expression in arbuscular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphorus', 'phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['mycorrhizal symbiosis']

answer: @entity6636 :: (MESH:D064806,Disease) :: ['mycorrhizal symbiosis']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate routine modified D2 lymphadenectomy in @entity356 , based on immunohistochemically detected @entity13425 micrometastases in level II lymph nodes. METHODS: Among 95 @entity356 @entity1 who were routinely submitted to curative modified D2 lymphadenectomy, from January 2004 to December 2008, 32 were classified as pN0. All level I lymph nodes of these 32 @entity1 were submitted to immunohistochemistry for micrometastases detection. @entity1 in whom micrometastases were detected in the level I lymph node stations (n = 4) were excluded from further analysis. The level II lymph nodes of the remaining 28 @entity1 were studied immunohistochemically for micrometastases detection and constitute the material of the present study. RESULTS: @entity13425 micrometastases in the level II lymph nodes were detected in 14% (4 out of 28) of the @entity1 . The incidence was further increased to 17% (4 out of 24) in the subgroup of T1-2 @entity356 @entity1 . All micrometastases were detected in the No. 7 lymph node station. Thus, the disease was upstaged from stage IA to IB in one @entity1 and from stage IB to II in three @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In @entity356 , true R0 resection may not be achieved without modified D2 lymphadenectomy. Until D2+/D3 lymphadenectomy becomes standard, modified D2 lymphadenectomy should be performed routinely.

title: Routine modified D2 lymphadenectomy performance in pT1-T2N0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the feasibility and impact of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW MRI) as the first line neuroimaging of @entity64 at a district general hospital. METHODS: Prospective audit of all in- @entity1 admitted with clinically suspected @entity64 and referred for imaging over a consecutive 17 week period. The data collected included scan type, time from cerebral event to imaging request, and time from formal radiological request to neuroimaging. Clinicians' (general physicians, neurologists, and radiologists) perceptions were assessed by a questionnaire. RESULTS: 148 @entity1 had neuroimaging for clinically suspected @entity64 during this period. Eighty one per cent of @entity1 (120 of 148) had DW MRI as first line. Ninety two per cent of these @entity1 had DW MRI within 24 hours of the formal radiological request. Twenty eight @entity1 did not undergo DW MRI because lack of MRI safety, clinical state, unavailability because of maintenance service or lack of trained staff. Clinicians found the introduction of the DW MRI based service a significant improvement on computed tomography, especially for equivocal cases. CONCLUSION: DW based MRI service is both feasible and sustainable in the setting of a district general hospital and most clinicians feel that this is a significant improvement to @entity64 services.

title: Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging for XXXX : practical and popular.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3140 ( @entity3140 ) are common, and so are the difficulties in specific diagnoses of these disorders. Prior studies have shed light on the nerves in the diagnostic approach beside disorders related to @entity121 ( @entity121 ). OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to compare the distribution of @entity3140 , and the vibration perception threshold (VPT) in different diagnostic groups according to 1) A-criteria: the SALTSA consensus criteria, including @entity121 and four @entity1897 , and 2) B-criteria: including @entity121 and 10 different @entity16 diagnoses--re-defined in an attempt to refine diagnostic criteria of @entity1897 in respect of different @entity121 ; and further to discuss the impact of the presented criteria. METHODS: 161 @entity1 --recruited from 21 general practitioners--were examined by the same examiner according to the two sets of diagnostic criteria. VPT measurements were conducted in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Three @entity1 did not fulfill the criteria of any @entity16045 diagnosis. A/B criteria were fulfilled for 181/183 upper limbs, respectively, out of which 29.3%/163.3% were @entity16 diagnoses alone, 23.8%/10.9% @entity2826 alone, and 46.9%/25.7% were categorized as @entity16 in combination with @entity2826 diagnoses. The overall agreement on presence of @entity16 was high (75%), but on focal level there was a large discrepancy. According to the A-criteria, @entity1 with symptoms located at wrist and shoulder were primarily defined with wrist diagnoses, and only few had concomitant shoulder diagnoses. In contrast, the B-criteria primarily defined @entity16 located at the shoulder, often concomitantly with @entity16 of the radial and the median nerve at the elbow, but seldom at the wrist level. In @entity121 defined by both sets of criteria--Rotator cuff syndrome and medial/ @entity2633 --the A-criteria defined more @entity121 than the B-criteria, the B diagnoses typically constituted only a part of the A diagnoses and additionally defined @entity16 . The B-criteria showed more significant VPT findings than the A-criteria concerning the discrimination between limbs with and contralateral limbs without diagnoses as well as between diagnostic groups with and without @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: The VPT findings suggest the B-criteria to be superior to A-criteria for differentiating between @entity1 with and without @entity16 . This study shows that @entity16 is extensive in @entity3140 when specific diagnostic criteria are used. Additionally it suggests the importance of a critical revision of the current diagnostic criteria of @entity16 , and the differential diagnoses concerning the @entity121 . Management and prevention is highly dependent on correct diagnoses.

title: Diagnostic distribution of non-traumatic XXXX : vibrotactile sense in the evaluation of structured examination for optimal diagnostic criteria.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy', 'upper limb neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb disorders', 'Upper limb disorders', 'ULDs']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathies', 'peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscles, tendons and joints', 'MCDs']

answer: @entity3140 :: (MESH:D038062,Disease) :: ['upper limb disorders']


abstract: @entity4297 are classified into two broad categories: acyanotic and @entity75 . The most common @entity75 are @entity1757 , @entity118 , @entity473 , @entity849 , @entity2461 , @entity472 and @entity1498 . @entity712 is the primary concern in @entity1 with @entity75 . The most common @entity75 are tetralogy of @entity3886 . In @entity1 with @entity75 , @entity519 is more of a problem than @entity712 . Suspicion of a @entity4297 should be raised by the presence of feeding difficulties in association with @entity7405 , sweating and @entity74 , or severe @entity851 . Follow-up of @entity1 with @entity299 should follow the schedule of routine care for healthy babies with some modifications, such as administration of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. More frequent follow-up is required if @entity712 is present. Family psychosocial issues should also be addressed. One of the main roles for the family physician is to help the parents put the diagnosis in perspective by clarifying expectations and misconceptions, and answering specific questions.

title: Caring for @entity1 with XXXX and their families.

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular canal']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth impairment']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cyanotic lesions', 'acyanotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['Fallot and transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['subcostal recession']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart defects', 'congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']