abstract: A randomized, controlled, single blind clinical trial was conducted in @entity1 with @entity697 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 10-day course of therapy with @entity13665 9 mg/kg taken as a single daily dose, up to a maximum daily dose of 400 mg, compared with @entity5504 40 mg/kg/day in three divided doses, up to a maximum of 1 g/day. @entity1 were evaluated any time from 1 to 3 days after completion of therapy (posttreatment follow-up). A total of 154 @entity1 (106 @entity13665 , 48 cefaclor) were evaluable for efficacy. Clinical success as determined by resolution (cure) or improvement of signs and symptoms of @entity281 were seen in 89 and 88% of @entity1 treated with @entity13665 and cefaclor, respectively, at the posttreatment follow-up visit. At the extended follow-up visit (any time from 2 to 4 weeks after completion of therapy), clinical success was sustained in 88 and 82% of the @entity13665 -treated and cefaclor-treated @entity1 , respectively. A total of 391 @entity1 (264 @entity13665 , 127 cefaclor) were included in the safety analysis. Treatment-related adverse experiences occurred in 8% of @entity13665 -treated @entity1 and 14% of cefaclor-treated @entity1 . All were mild or moderate and the majority were gastrointestinal. There were no deaths or serious adverse events. The results of this study suggest that @entity13665 is an effective and well-tolerated alternative to other antibiotic therapies for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity697 .

title: Multinational multicenter controlled trial comparing @entity13665 with cefaclor for the treatment of XXXX . Members of the @entity13665 Otitis Media International Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media']

entities_list: @entity5504 :: ('MESH:D002433', 'Chemical') :: ['cefaclor']

entities_list: @entity13665 :: ('MESH:C054360', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftibuten']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute otitis media']


abstract: A randomized, controlled, single blind clinical trial was conducted in @entity1 with @entity697 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 10-day course of therapy with @entity13665 9 mg/kg taken as a single daily dose, up to a maximum daily dose of 400 mg, compared with @entity5504 40 mg/kg/day in three divided doses, up to a maximum of 1 g/day. @entity1 were evaluated any time from 1 to 3 days after completion of therapy (posttreatment follow-up). A total of 154 @entity1 (106 @entity13665 , 48 cefaclor) were evaluable for efficacy. Clinical success as determined by resolution (cure) or improvement of signs and symptoms of @entity281 were seen in 89 and 88% of @entity1 treated with @entity13665 and cefaclor, respectively, at the posttreatment follow-up visit. At the extended follow-up visit (any time from 2 to 4 weeks after completion of therapy), clinical success was sustained in 88 and 82% of the @entity13665 -treated and cefaclor-treated @entity1 , respectively. A total of 391 @entity1 (264 @entity13665 , 127 cefaclor) were included in the safety analysis. Treatment-related adverse experiences occurred in 8% of @entity13665 -treated @entity1 and 14% of cefaclor-treated @entity1 . All were mild or moderate and the majority were gastrointestinal. There were no deaths or serious adverse events. The results of this study suggest that @entity13665 is an effective and well-tolerated alternative to other antibiotic therapies for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity697 .

title: Multinational multicenter controlled trial comparing XXXX with cefaclor for the treatment of @entity697 . Members of the @entity13665 Otitis Media International Study Group.

answer: @entity13665 :: (MESH:C054360,Chemical) :: ['ceftibuten']


abstract: A randomized, controlled, single blind clinical trial was conducted in @entity1 with @entity697 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 10-day course of therapy with @entity13665 9 mg/kg taken as a single daily dose, up to a maximum daily dose of 400 mg, compared with @entity5504 40 mg/kg/day in three divided doses, up to a maximum of 1 g/day. @entity1 were evaluated any time from 1 to 3 days after completion of therapy (posttreatment follow-up). A total of 154 @entity1 (106 @entity13665 , 48 cefaclor) were evaluable for efficacy. Clinical success as determined by resolution (cure) or improvement of signs and symptoms of @entity281 were seen in 89 and 88% of @entity1 treated with @entity13665 and cefaclor, respectively, at the posttreatment follow-up visit. At the extended follow-up visit (any time from 2 to 4 weeks after completion of therapy), clinical success was sustained in 88 and 82% of the @entity13665 -treated and cefaclor-treated @entity1 , respectively. A total of 391 @entity1 (264 @entity13665 , 127 cefaclor) were included in the safety analysis. Treatment-related adverse experiences occurred in 8% of @entity13665 -treated @entity1 and 14% of cefaclor-treated @entity1 . All were mild or moderate and the majority were gastrointestinal. There were no deaths or serious adverse events. The results of this study suggest that @entity13665 is an effective and well-tolerated alternative to other antibiotic therapies for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity697 .

title: Multinational multicenter controlled trial comparing @entity13665 with cefaclor for the treatment of @entity697 . Members of the XXXX Otitis Media International Study Group.

answer: @entity13665 :: (MESH:C054360,Chemical) :: ['Ceftibuten']


abstract: There is preliminary evidence that @entity3812 , an inhibitor of collagen synthesis, may be beneficial in the treatment of @entity1575 . To evaluate the use of @entity3812 (1 mg per day, five days per week) in the treatment of @entity1575 , we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 100 @entity1 were followed for up to 14 years. Forty-five @entity1 had @entity7160 , 41 had @entity82 , and the remaining 14 had @entity82 with various other causes. Histologic studies were available for 92 percent of @entity1 . Seventy-three @entity1 were in @entity1 -Turcotte class A, 26 were in class B, and one was in class C. Fifty-four @entity1 received @entity3812 , and 46 received placebo. The overall survival in the @entity3812 group was markedly better than in the placebo group (median survival, 11 and 3.5 years, respectively; P less than 0.001). The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 75 percent in the @entity3812 group and 34 percent in the placebo group; the corresponding 10-year survival rates were 56 percent and 20 percent. Among the 30 @entity1 treated with @entity3812 who underwent repeated liver biopsies, histologic improvement was seen in 9; the liver appeared normal in 2, and 7 had minimal portal @entity82 . No histologic improvement was observed in the 14 members of the placebo group who had two or more biopsies. Few side effects were observed in either group.

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity1575 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['posthepatitic cirrhosis', 'fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis', 'cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity3812 :: (MESH:D003078,Chemical) :: ['Colchicine']


abstract: There is preliminary evidence that @entity3812 , an inhibitor of collagen synthesis, may be beneficial in the treatment of @entity1575 . To evaluate the use of @entity3812 (1 mg per day, five days per week) in the treatment of @entity1575 , we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 100 @entity1 were followed for up to 14 years. Forty-five @entity1 had @entity7160 , 41 had @entity82 , and the remaining 14 had @entity82 with various other causes. Histologic studies were available for 92 percent of @entity1 . Seventy-three @entity1 were in @entity1 -Turcotte class A, 26 were in class B, and one was in class C. Fifty-four @entity1 received @entity3812 , and 46 received placebo. The overall survival in the @entity3812 group was markedly better than in the placebo group (median survival, 11 and 3.5 years, respectively; P less than 0.001). The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 75 percent in the @entity3812 group and 34 percent in the placebo group; the corresponding 10-year survival rates were 56 percent and 20 percent. Among the 30 @entity1 treated with @entity3812 who underwent repeated liver biopsies, histologic improvement was seen in 9; the liver appeared normal in 2, and 7 had minimal portal @entity82 . No histologic improvement was observed in the 14 members of the placebo group who had two or more biopsies. Few side effects were observed in either group.

title: @entity3812 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']


abstract: AIM: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 can induce massive @entity382 . Volume-reductive therapies for symptomatic @entity409 include transcatheter @entity1416 (TAE), liver resection and liver transplantation; however, consensus has not been reached regarding treatment selection. We compared three volume-reductive therapies for a better understanding of @entity409 treatment strategies. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 28 @entity8 @entity1 who underwent TAE, liver resection or liver transplantation for @entity409 at a single center, and compared their outcomes. RESULTS: Of 18 TAE @entity1 , five required repeat TAE, and five required rescue liver transplantation or liver resection because of refractory symptoms or @entity1578 . The treatment failure rate for TAE was high (69.6%). Nine underwent liver resection, and the degree of @entity353 in the liver resection group was greater than that in the TAE group (52.4% vs 7.6%, P   <  0.001). One liver resection @entity1 required rescue liver transplantation because of @entity1578 . Seven @entity1 underwent liver transplantations. All liver transplant @entity1 had successfully controlled symptoms or @entity1578 , and had good graft function. Three @entity1 in the TAE group died of infections or @entity1578 , whereas no mortality occurred after surgical therapy. CONCLUSION: Liver resection is a good first-line therapy in @entity1 that have severe symptoms, cyst involvement in several segments with some spared segments and preserved liver function. Liver transplantation is a preferred first-line therapy in @entity1 with poor liver function or whole-liver involvement. Liver transplantation is also a good rescue therapy following TAE or liver resection.

title: Comparison of volume-reductive therapies for massive @entity409 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'ADPKD']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['PLD', 'Polycystic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly-related symptoms']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: AIM: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 can induce massive @entity382 . Volume-reductive therapies for symptomatic @entity409 include transcatheter @entity1416 (TAE), liver resection and liver transplantation; however, consensus has not been reached regarding treatment selection. We compared three volume-reductive therapies for a better understanding of @entity409 treatment strategies. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 28 @entity8 @entity1 who underwent TAE, liver resection or liver transplantation for @entity409 at a single center, and compared their outcomes. RESULTS: Of 18 TAE @entity1 , five required repeat TAE, and five required rescue liver transplantation or liver resection because of refractory symptoms or @entity1578 . The treatment failure rate for TAE was high (69.6%). Nine underwent liver resection, and the degree of @entity353 in the liver resection group was greater than that in the TAE group (52.4% vs 7.6%, P   <  0.001). One liver resection @entity1 required rescue liver transplantation because of @entity1578 . Seven @entity1 underwent liver transplantations. All liver transplant @entity1 had successfully controlled symptoms or @entity1578 , and had good graft function. Three @entity1 in the TAE group died of infections or @entity1578 , whereas no mortality occurred after surgical therapy. CONCLUSION: Liver resection is a good first-line therapy in @entity1 that have severe symptoms, cyst involvement in several segments with some spared segments and preserved liver function. Liver transplantation is a preferred first-line therapy in @entity1 with poor liver function or whole-liver involvement. Liver transplantation is also a good rescue therapy following TAE or liver resection.

title: Comparison of volume-reductive therapies for massive XXXX in @entity8 .

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['polycystic liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1 with @entity775 ( @entity775 ) can present with symptoms ranging from those that are insidious and nonspecific to acute @entity99 with @entity1087 . However, some @entity1 have no symptoms at diagnosis and are identified incidentally. We investigated disease progression and outcomes of these 2 groups of @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective study to compare clinical, immunologic, and histologic features and outcomes of @entity1 with asymptomatic vs symptomatic @entity775 . We analyzed data collected from 305 @entity1 (90 asymptomatic and 215 with symptoms), diagnosed with @entity775 from 1994 and 2013, at the Bologna Medical Center in Italy. RESULTS: At diagnosis, @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity775 had significantly lower mean levels of @entity3929 aminotransferase (7.0-    8.0-fold the upper limit of normal) than @entity1 with symptomatic disease (23.0-    18.0-fold the upper limit of normal; P < .001), and lower mean levels of @entity648 (1.4    1.4 mg/dL vs 8.6    10.4 mg/dL; P < .001). Asymptomatic @entity1 also had significantly lower histologic grades (7.0    2.5) than symptomatic @entity1 (9.0    2.9; P < .001). However, larger proportions of asymptomatic patients had anti-liver/kidney microsomal antibodies type 1 (26.8% vs 13.1%; P < .006), and associated autoimmune thyroid (26.7% vs 12.6%; P  = .003) or skin (8.9% vs 2.3%; P  = .010) disorders. Age at onset, sex, response to therapy, disease progression, genetic factors, and other autoantibody markers did not differ between @entity1 with asymptomatic vs symptomatic disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with asymptomatic vs symptomatic @entity775 have similar courses of disease progression and responses to immunosuppressive agents, and therefore should receive the same treatment. @entity1 affected by thyroid or dermatologic @entity792 are at increased risk of developing subclinical @entity409 , and should be assessed routinely for @entity775 .

title: Features and Progression of Asymptomatic XXXX in Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune Hepatitis']


abstract: Mechanical means tend to be used more frequently nowadays for the treatment of @entity712 which does not respond to more normal treatment. The indications and limits of such devices, as well as their cost, must be defined. The new problem created by these therapeutic tools is the evolution of the underlying @entity299 : should it improve the @entity1 will be weaned from the machine, whereas if it worsens heart transplantation would be the only answer. Three types of mechanical support are described. Balloon pumping, and especially intra-aortic balloon pumping, is the technique used most often. It has a true but limited efficacy. Its best indication is @entity1455 by left ventricular ischaemia with normal or slightly increased peripheral resistances. Intrapulmonary balloon pumping is occasionally used, but the system can only be set up surgically. Its best indication would seem to be right-sided @entity712 by @entity120 . Circulatory assistance is the second type considered. All types of bypass pumps can be used. The output used is usually less than the @entity1 's theoretical output, the aim being to allow the myocardium to recover. Vascular access for these pumps is either femoral or intrathoracic. An oxygenator may or may not be added to the bypass circuit, and support may be mono- or biventricular. Although the non pulsatile flow has not been shown to be detrimental, this has to be investigated further. The use of these devices is limited by their effects on @entity1003 and pulmonary function. The artificial heart or artificial ventricles are the last devices described.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Mechanical methods of treating XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['refractory cardiac failure']


abstract: Senescence is the last period of the life span, leading to @entity204 . It happens in all animals, with the exception of a few didermic species (Hydras) having a stock of embryonic cells and being immortal. The causes of animal senescence are badly known. They depend both on genetic characters (maximum life span of a species) and on medium factors (mean expectation of life of the animals of a species). Animal senescence could depend on cell aging: (1) by senescence and @entity204 of the differentiated cells, (2) by modified proliferation of the stem cells of differentiated tissues, (3) by alterations in the extracellular matrices, (4) by interactions between factors (1) (2) and (3) in each tissue, and (5) by interactions between the several tissues of an organism. This complexity badly impedes the experimental study of animal senescence. Normal @entity1 cells are aging when they are cultivated (in vitro aging). Present literature upon in vitro aging of cultivated @entity1 fibroblasts consists essentially of papers devoted to proliferation and differentiation characteristics and not to cell senescence. @entity19 skin fibroblasts have been studied in our laboratory, using different systems: (1) primary cultures isolated from peeled skins of @entity19 embryos, (2) @entity19 derms analysed in the animals, (3) cultivated explants of skins, (4) serial sub-cultures of fibroblasts isolated from these explants, (5) cells cultivated comparably on plane substrates (glass, plastic, collagen films) and on three-dimensional matrices (collagen fibres). In primary cultures (system 1) all the cell generations have been analysed, including the last one until @entity204 of the culture. We have shown that many characters are varying with cell generation. All the observed variations were: progressive, non-linear and correlated (intracellular feedbacks). We come to the conclusion that the main effects of cell mitotic age are (1) to depress the plasticity of the chromatin, (2) to change the organization of the cytoplasmic filaments, (3) to change the organization of the extracellular matrix. The collagen fibres are also acting upon nucleus and filaments either in the animals or in the cultures. The phenotype of a fibroblastic cell is thus both age- and environment-dependent. Overall data on in vitro cell aging point to the hypothesis that senescent cells are phenotypic variants and not mutant cells. Aging cell cultures are remarkably useful to the studies on cell proliferation decrease and cell cycle lengthening shown by the stem cells in animal tissues. We propose the hypothesis that the fibroblasts of the vertebrates would be homologous to the pluripotent mesenchyme cells of their embryos.

title: Potential and limitations of cultivated fibroblasts in the study of senescence in animals. A review on the XXXX skin fibroblasts system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'mammal']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Antipsychotic agents share the ability to antagonize @entity935 (DA) receptors, and correlation studies have indicated that the clinical efficacy of neuroleptic agents may be coupled to their affinity for D2 receptors. More recently, a family of DA D2-like receptors has been identified. These receptors include the D2A, D2B, D3 and D4 receptors. On the basis of in vitro receptor-binding studies, it has been suggested that the atypical profile of @entity1088 might be related to a selective effect on the D4 receptor subtype. We have studied the receptor-binding profiles of a series of antipsychotic agents and evaluated some of the compounds in behavioural assays in the @entity35 . Most of the antipsychotic agents lack selectivity for DA-receptors as well as selectivity for the various DA-receptor subtypes. Because of this lack of selectivity, it is impossible to draw firm conclusions about the role of any particular receptor in the clinical profile of the neuroleptic agents. Furthermore, the pharmacology of potential @entity1 metabolites has to be taken into account in a proper analysis of the clinical profile. Consequently, most speculations on the key-target of clinically interesting antipsychotics (including @entity1088 ) may be of little practical value. Clinical studies with receptor (subtype)-selective agents will be more informative.

title: Does the XXXX receptor subtype selectivity of antipsychotic agents provide useful leads for the development of novel therapeutic agents?

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization recommends that as part of the polio end-game strategy a dose of inactivated @entity9925 vaccine (IPV) be introduced by the end of 2015 in all countries currently using only oral @entity9925 vaccine (OPV). Administration of fractional dose (1/5 of full dose) IPV ( @entity15326 ) by intradermal (ID) injection may reduce costs, but its conventional administration is with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) needle and syringe (NS), which is time consuming and technically challenging. We compared injection quality achieved with BCG NS and three needle-free jet injectors and assessed ergonomic features of the injectors. METHODS: @entity1 between 12 and 20 months of age who had previously received OPV were enrolled in the Camaguey, Cuba study. Subjects received a single @entity15326 dose administered intradermally with BCG NS or one of three needle-free injector devices: Bioject Biojector 2000   (B2000), Bioject ID Pen   (ID Pen), or PharmaJet Tropis   (Tropis). We measured bleb diameter and vaccine loss as indicators of ID injection quality, with desirable injection quality defined as bleb diameter >= 5mm and vaccine loss <10%. We surveyed vaccinators to evaluate ergonomic features of the injectors. We further assessed the injection quality indicators as predictors of immune response, measured by increase in poliovirus neutralizing antibodies in blood between day 0 (pre-IPV) and 21 (post-vaccination). RESULTS: Delivery by BCG NS and Tropis resulted in the highest proportion of subjects with desirable injection quality; health workers ranked Biojector2000 and Tropis highest for ergonomic features. We observed that vaccine loss and desirable injection quality were associated with an immune response for @entity9925 type 2 (P=0.02, P=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated the feasibility of @entity15326 delivery using needle-free injector devices with high acceptability among health workers. We did not observe the indicators of injection quality to be uniformly associated with immune response.

title: Needle-free jet injector intradermal delivery of fractional dose inactivated XXXX vaccine: Association between injection quality and immunogenicity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

answer: @entity9925 :: (138950,Species) :: ['poliovirus']


abstract: In November, 1993, a 33-month-old @entity1 in a day-care center was diagnosed with @entity378 ( @entity378 ). To identify her source of @entity281 , close contacts, other day-care @entity1 and staff were screened by @entity272 ( @entity272 ). @entity378 registry and medical/laboratory records were reviewed. The only 2 community @entity378 cases reported in the past 3 years were investigated. Of 164 @entity1 2 were diagnosed with @entity378 ; their TSTs were > or = 10 mm but no specimens were obtained. Six @entity1 had TSTs > or = 5 mm. Of these 4 had @entity272 conversions between December, 1993, and March, 1994. There were no additional positive @entity272 @entity1 in June, 1994. No @entity378 case was identified among staff or parents. A possible epidemiologic link with the index case was found for 1 community case. No source of @entity281 was found for the other @entity1 . Possible explanations for not finding a source are: an as yet unidentified case in the day-care center or community; or false positive @entity272 results in @entity1 related to low community prevalence of @entity378 .

title: XXXX in a day-care center, Kentucky, 1993.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB infection', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['TST', 'tuberculin skin test']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: The timing and magnitude of metabolic adaptations in adipose tissue during lactogenesis and lactation were determined in first lactation @entity291 . In vitro rates of lipogenesis and palmitate esterification were measured to estimate in vivo synthesis. Lipolysis was measured in the basal state and as maximally stimulated by @entity1063 or @entity1425 to estimate physiological adaptations as well as the changes in @entity2922 responsiveness. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was biopsied at -1, -0.5, +0.5, 1, 2, and 6 months from parturition. From 1 to 0.5 months prepartum there was a 54% reduction in lipogenesis, a 16% reduction in esterification, a 54 and 77% increase in @entity1063 - and @entity1425 -stimulated free @entity844 (FFA) release, respectively, and a 28% increase in @entity1425 -stimulated @entity653 release. The immediate postpartum period (0.5 and 1 month) was marked by a decrease in lipogenesis to 5% and esterification to 50% of -1 month rates. During this period, @entity1063 -stimulated FFA release increased 50% above -1 month rates, @entity1425 -stimulated FFA release increased 128%, and @entity1063 - and @entity1425 -stimulated @entity653 release increased 30 and 87%, respectively. Midlactation (2 and 6 months) was marked by a dramatic rebound in lipogenesis and esterification to 14-fold and 2.5-fold prepartum rates, respectively. Basal @entity653 release doubled during this period, while basal FFA release declined to near prepartum levels. @entity2922 -stimulated FFA and @entity653 release decreased from the peak during midlactation, but remained elevated compared to prepartum levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Adaptations in lipid metabolism of XXXX adipose tissue in lactogenesis and lactation.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine', 'Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: There are currently four major options for control of @entity73151 and other ruminant @entity344 . These are the traditional, suppressive, integrated and strategic approaches. Strategic dosing is the most realistic and beneficial approach for most regions of the world, including the U.S.A. It is effective, practical, labor-saving and can yield big economic returns. Today this approach is even more appropriate because of important advances in the technology of controlled release and pulse-release devices. Top priority in worm control programs should be given to dairy replacement heifers in their first year at pasture and to beef @entity291 in the immediate post-weaning period. This is preferable to recommendations for blanket treatment of all beef and dairy @entity291 , regardless of age, immune status or pasture infectivity. An anthelmintic overkill is both wasteful and potentially harmful in that it increases the selection pressure for drug resistance. It is suggested that better dissemination of information is needed to make producers aware of the benefits of strategic dosing programs. This would eliminate much of the @entity911 about parasite control and focus attention on simple and effective programs that could significantly reduce current losses to the livestock industries.

title: Control strategies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal parasites']

entities_list: @entity73151 :: ('MESH:D010029', 'Disease') :: ['ostertagiasis']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity73151 :: (MESH:D010029,Disease) :: ['ostertagiasis']


abstract: Pancreatic duplications with ductal communications should be included in the differential diagnosis of any @entity1 presenting with recurrent @entity490 of unknown etiology and should be considered as a possible cause of @entity788 in childhood. Such duplications most likely arise from nonregressing diverticula of the pancreatic bud during embryologic development. Their clinical presentation is unique from other duplications because of their anatomic association with the pancreatic duct. @entity158 and @entity353 are the major presenting complaints, although many @entity1 have @entity390 and @entity391 . Serum chemistries, in particular the serum amylase, are usually normal and are of little help in the differential diagnosis. Radiographic evaluation has not been particularly helpful in the past. ERCP, ultrasonic examination, and CT scan show great promise, however. Operative intervention should be tailored for the individual @entity1 . The operation performed will depend upon operative findings. Intraoperative pancreatograms or cystograms are very helpful in differentiating these cysts from others at the time of operation. Pathologically, most of the duplications have a thickened muscular coat that usually has some evidence of @entity32 . They are usually lined with @entity356 . Except in the most severe cases, the pancreas is histologically normal, suggesting that most of the @entity158 experienced by these @entity1 is secondary to @entity32 within the duplication. The inflammatory response may completely destroy the mucosal lining and cause @entity82 within the muscular coat of the duplication. In those instances, these lesions cannot be differentiated from @entity9007 . This may account for some of the "idiopathic @entity9007 reported in the literature.

title: Juxtapancreatic intestinal duplications with pancreatic ductal communication: a cause of XXXX and recurrent @entity490 in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['" pseudocysts', 'pancreatic pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Pancreatic duplications with ductal communications should be included in the differential diagnosis of any @entity1 presenting with recurrent @entity490 of unknown etiology and should be considered as a possible cause of @entity788 in childhood. Such duplications most likely arise from nonregressing diverticula of the pancreatic bud during embryologic development. Their clinical presentation is unique from other duplications because of their anatomic association with the pancreatic duct. @entity158 and @entity353 are the major presenting complaints, although many @entity1 have @entity390 and @entity391 . Serum chemistries, in particular the serum amylase, are usually normal and are of little help in the differential diagnosis. Radiographic evaluation has not been particularly helpful in the past. ERCP, ultrasonic examination, and CT scan show great promise, however. Operative intervention should be tailored for the individual @entity1 . The operation performed will depend upon operative findings. Intraoperative pancreatograms or cystograms are very helpful in differentiating these cysts from others at the time of operation. Pathologically, most of the duplications have a thickened muscular coat that usually has some evidence of @entity32 . They are usually lined with @entity356 . Except in the most severe cases, the pancreas is histologically normal, suggesting that most of the @entity158 experienced by these @entity1 is secondary to @entity32 within the duplication. The inflammatory response may completely destroy the mucosal lining and cause @entity82 within the muscular coat of the duplication. In those instances, these lesions cannot be differentiated from @entity9007 . This may account for some of the "idiopathic @entity9007 reported in the literature.

title: Juxtapancreatic intestinal duplications with pancreatic ductal communication: a cause of @entity788 and recurrent XXXX in childhood.

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Predicting short-term relapses and long-term prognosis is of outmost importance in paediatric @entity29 . Our aim was to investigate the short-term disease outcome and medication during the first year in a paediatric incident cohort from Hungary. In addition, association laboratory markers and disease activity indices with short-term disease outcome and medication were analysed. METHODS: From January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2010 demographic data and clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed paediatric @entity29 @entity1 younger than 18 years of age were prospectively recorded. RESULTS: A total of 420 @entity1 were identified [ @entity30 : 266; @entity31 124]. Initially, 48% (124/256) of @entity30 @entity1 had moderate to severe disease (PCDAI>31), and this rate decreased to 2.1% at one-year follow-up. Proportion of @entity31 @entity1 with moderate to severe disease (PUCAI>35) at diagnosis declined from 57.5% (69/120) to 6.8% at one-year follow-up. Terminal ileal involvement correlated with higher initial CRP (p=0.021) and initial PCDAI (p=0.026). In @entity31 , elevated CRP (p=0.002) was associated with disease extension. CRP and PCDAI at diagnosis were associated with the need for immunomodulators at one year in @entity1 with @entity30 . Initial CRP was also associated with the need for immunomodulators in @entity1 with @entity31 at one-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: At diagnosis half of the @entity1 with @entity29 had moderate to severe disease and this rate decreased to less than 10% after one year. Initial CRP and PCDAI were related to the need for aggressive therapy in @entity30 .

title: Baseline Characteristics and Disease Phenotype In XXXX Results of A Paediatric IBD Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors that may influence the outcome of @entity11375 ( @entity11375 ) followed by physiotherapy versus physiotherapy alone for treatment of @entity1 with @entity614 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: An understanding of @entity1 -related factors affecting the outcome of @entity11375 is important for preoperative @entity1 selection. No previous prospective, randomized study of treatment effect modifiers relating to outcome of @entity11375 compared with physiotherapy has been carried out. METHODS: 60 @entity1 with @entity614 were randomized to @entity11375 followed by physiotherapy or physiotherapy alone. Data for possible modifiers of treatment outcome at 1 year, such as sex, age, duration of @entity158 , @entity158 intensity, disability (Neck Disability Index, @entity3040 ), @entity1 expectations of treatment, @entity148 due to neck/ @entity158 , distress ( @entity147 and Risk Assessment Method), self-efficacy (Self-Efficacy Scale) health status (EQ-5D), and magnetic resonance imaging findings were collected. A multivariate analysis was performed to find treatment effect modifiers affecting the outcome regarding arm/ @entity4048 intensity and @entity3040 . RESULTS: Factors that significantly altered the treatment effect between treatment groups in favor of surgery were: duration of @entity4048 less than 12 months (P = 0.007), duration of @entity158 less than 12 months (P = 0.01) and female sex (P = 0.007) (outcome: @entity158 ), low EQ-5D index (outcome: @entity4048 , P = 0.02), high levels of @entity148 due to neck/ @entity158 (outcome: @entity4048 , P = 0.02 and @entity3040 , P = 0.02), low Self-Efficacy Scale score (P = 0.05), and high @entity147 and Risk Assessment Method score (P = 0.04) (outcome: @entity3040 ). No factors were found to be associated with better outcome with physiotherapy alone. CONCLUSION: In this prospective, randomized study of @entity1 with @entity614 , short duration of @entity158 , female sex, low health quality, high levels of @entity148 due to neck/ @entity158 , low self-efficacy, and a high level of distress before treatment were associated with better outcome from surgery. No factors were found to be associated with better outcome from physiotherapy alone. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.

title: Factors Affecting the Outcome of Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Treatment of XXXX : A Randomized, Controlled Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['cervical radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity11375 :: ('MESH:D007714', 'Disease') :: ['ACDF', 'anterior cervical decompression and fusion']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Distress']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'arm pain']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['Cervical Radiculopathy']


abstract: STRUCTURED ABSTRACT: Study Design. Retrospective case-controlled study using propensity score matching. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cervical microendoscopic laminoplasty (CMEL) of the articular segment in cervical @entity602 (CSM) @entity1 by comparing the clinical results of CMEL with conventional expansive laminoplasty (ELAP) for CSM. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A total of 259 @entity1 undergoing CMEL or ELAP surgery for CSM at authors' institute were reviewed. METHODS: The @entity1 were matched according to calculated propensity scores in a logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, and preoperative severity of disorders and divided into the CMEL and ELAP groups. All @entity1 were followed postoperatively for >2 years. The preoperative and 2-year follow-up evaluations included neurological assessment (Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA] score), recovery rates, the JOA Cervical @entity602 Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ), @entity158 (visual analog scale), and the Short Form 36 questionnaire (SF-36). RESULTS: There were 71 @entity1 in each group (47 males and 24 females each). The mean ages of the CMEL and ELAP groups were 63.8 and 62.8 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in the preoperative JOA score between groups. The mean numbers of surgically affected levels in the ELAP and CMEL groups were 3.2 and 1.8 discs, respectively (p  <= 0.05). The groups exhibited similar recoveries of JOA, JOACMEQ, and SF-36 scores postoperatively. Sagittal alignment was maintained in both groups. However, postoperative neck axial complaints were significantly reduced in the CMEL group. CONCLUSIONS: CMEL may be a useful and effective surgical procedure for CSM, providing similar results as ELAP. CMEL for CSM is indicated for posterior decompression of the articular segment along with a pincer mechanism. This minimally invasive technique may have potential advantages compared to conventional ELAP, and may provide an alternative surgical option.

title: Efficacy of Posterior Segmental Decompression Surgery for Pincer Mechanism in Cervical Spondylotic XXXX : A Retrospective Case-Controlled Study using Propensity Score Matching.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['Myelopathy', 'spondylotic myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['axial pain']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['Myelopathy']


abstract: The antiarrhythmic, antifibrillatory activities and the ability of SQ 26,533 to reduce @entity1188 size were investigated in the @entity235 models of @entity943 . In model 1, @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity235 were subjected to acute occlusion of left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) for 30 min followed by reperfusion. SQ 26,533 infused at 50 micrograms/kg/min for 45 min significantly reduced (78%) the incidence of @entity1540 during the 30-min ligation of LCX. In addition, four of seven @entity235 (57%) survived after reperfusion, in contrast to 100% mortality observed in untreated animals. In model 2, left anterior descending artery under @entity4485 anesthesia was occluded for 20 min and released. SQ 26,533 (2.5 mg/kg i.v.) given 1 hr before occlusion significantly reduced (81%) @entity1540 during acute occlusion and four of five animals (80%) survived left anterior descending artery reperfusion, unlike saline controls (100% mortality). Similar efficacy was seen in a feline model of @entity943 . The model 3 animals under @entity4485 anesthesia were occluded for 60 min followed by reperfusion of the LCX in the presence of critical @entity850 . SQ 26,533 (2.5 mg/kg every 90 min) given 50 min after LCX occlusion not only resulted in a significant reduction (91%) of postreperfusion @entity1540 for the entire 5-hr observation period but also significantly reduced (42%) the @entity1188 size at 24 hr. Antiarrhythmic doses of SQ 26,533 caused minimal hemodynamic changes, except for a marked decrease in heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of SQ 26,533 on XXXX , ST-segment elevation and on @entity1188 size in anesthetized @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopic beats']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['reperfusion arrhythmias']


abstract: The antiarrhythmic, antifibrillatory activities and the ability of SQ 26,533 to reduce @entity1188 size were investigated in the @entity235 models of @entity943 . In model 1, @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity235 were subjected to acute occlusion of left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) for 30 min followed by reperfusion. SQ 26,533 infused at 50 micrograms/kg/min for 45 min significantly reduced (78%) the incidence of @entity1540 during the 30-min ligation of LCX. In addition, four of seven @entity235 (57%) survived after reperfusion, in contrast to 100% mortality observed in untreated animals. In model 2, left anterior descending artery under @entity4485 anesthesia was occluded for 20 min and released. SQ 26,533 (2.5 mg/kg i.v.) given 1 hr before occlusion significantly reduced (81%) @entity1540 during acute occlusion and four of five animals (80%) survived left anterior descending artery reperfusion, unlike saline controls (100% mortality). Similar efficacy was seen in a feline model of @entity943 . The model 3 animals under @entity4485 anesthesia were occluded for 60 min followed by reperfusion of the LCX in the presence of critical @entity850 . SQ 26,533 (2.5 mg/kg every 90 min) given 50 min after LCX occlusion not only resulted in a significant reduction (91%) of postreperfusion @entity1540 for the entire 5-hr observation period but also significantly reduced (42%) the @entity1188 size at 24 hr. Antiarrhythmic doses of SQ 26,533 caused minimal hemodynamic changes, except for a marked decrease in heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of SQ 26,533 on @entity943 , ST-segment elevation and on XXXX size in anesthetized @entity235 .

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: The antiarrhythmic, antifibrillatory activities and the ability of SQ 26,533 to reduce @entity1188 size were investigated in the @entity235 models of @entity943 . In model 1, @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity235 were subjected to acute occlusion of left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) for 30 min followed by reperfusion. SQ 26,533 infused at 50 micrograms/kg/min for 45 min significantly reduced (78%) the incidence of @entity1540 during the 30-min ligation of LCX. In addition, four of seven @entity235 (57%) survived after reperfusion, in contrast to 100% mortality observed in untreated animals. In model 2, left anterior descending artery under @entity4485 anesthesia was occluded for 20 min and released. SQ 26,533 (2.5 mg/kg i.v.) given 1 hr before occlusion significantly reduced (81%) @entity1540 during acute occlusion and four of five animals (80%) survived left anterior descending artery reperfusion, unlike saline controls (100% mortality). Similar efficacy was seen in a feline model of @entity943 . The model 3 animals under @entity4485 anesthesia were occluded for 60 min followed by reperfusion of the LCX in the presence of critical @entity850 . SQ 26,533 (2.5 mg/kg every 90 min) given 50 min after LCX occlusion not only resulted in a significant reduction (91%) of postreperfusion @entity1540 for the entire 5-hr observation period but also significantly reduced (42%) the @entity1188 size at 24 hr. Antiarrhythmic doses of SQ 26,533 caused minimal hemodynamic changes, except for a marked decrease in heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of SQ 26,533 on @entity943 , ST-segment elevation and on @entity1188 size in anesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To determine the best features to discriminate @entity263 from benign disease and its relationship to benign disease class and @entity5 grade. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this study and waived the need for informed consent. A retrospective cohort of 70 @entity1 (age range, 48-70 years; median, 62 years), all of whom were scheduled to undergo radical prostatectomy and underwent preoperative 3-T multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, including T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast material-enhanced imaging, were included. The digitized prostatectomy slides were annotated for @entity5 and @entity66 and coregistered to MR imaging with an interactive deformable coregistration scheme. Computer-identified features for each of the @entity66 categories (eg, @entity1067 [ @entity1067 ], @entity5436 [ @entity5436 ], @entity32 , and @entity194 ) and @entity263 were extracted. Feature selection was performed to identify the features with the highest discriminatory power. The performance of these five features was evaluated by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results High-b-value diffusion-weighted images were more discriminative in distinguishing @entity1067 from @entity263 than apparent diffusion coefficient, which was most suitable for distinguishing @entity5436 from @entity263 . The focal appearance of lesions on dynamic contrast-enhanced images may help discriminate @entity194 and @entity32 from @entity5 . Which imaging features are discriminative for different benign lesions is influenced by @entity5 grade. The apparent diffusion coefficient appeared to be the most discriminative feature in identifying high-grade @entity5 . Classification results showed increased performance by taking into account specific benign types (AUC = 0.70) compared with grouping all noncancerous findings together (AUC = 0.62). Conclusion The best features with @entity263 from noncancerous benign disease depend on the type of benign disease and @entity5 grade. Use of the best features may result in better diagnostic performance. (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: Computer-extracted Features Can Distinguish Noncancerous Confounding Disease from XXXX at Multiparametric MR Imaging.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['which to discriminate prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['noncancerous disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'PIN']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostatic Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: We studied the use of a testicular @entity2332 device worn daily for at least 16 weeks in 64 @entity1 with subfertile semen and elevated testicular temperature, who had had an infertile marriage for 2 or more years in which the wife was judged fertile. Improvement in 1 or more semen parameters was seen in 42 @entity1 (65.6 per cent). Semen analysis was converted into the motile oval index, a numerical value representing the count, motility and normal morphology. The motile oval index helps to predict pregnancy outcome. Of 21 @entity1 with pre-treatment motile oval indexes greater than 4.8 million per ml. 11 (52.4 per cent) produced pregnancy. @entity1 with lower starting indexes did not fare as well. Of 20 @entity1 who met the criteria, and who wore the device for less than 2 weeks or not at all and had no other treatment 1 (5.0 per cent) produced pregnancy. Mean @entity2332 time to date of missed menses was 4.2 months. Six @entity1 with nonobstructive @entity3893 showed no semen change with the testicular @entity2332 device.

title: XXXX : results in 90 infertile couples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['Chronic scrotal hypothermia']


abstract: The clinical and pathologic features of @entity1185 were studied in 67 @entity1 . There were 40 male and 27 female @entity1 , and the mean age at diagnosis was 49 +/- 17.9 ( @entity168 ) years. Nasal obstruction or perception of a nasal mass was the most common presenting symptom; mean duration of symptoms was 10.8 +/- 15.8 ( @entity168 ) months. Almost equal numbers of @entity1185 had predominantly endophytic (inverted) (n = 32) and predominantly exophytic (fungiform) (n = 30) patterns, and five had mixed patterns. Multiple morphologic variables were evaluated in the initial specimens, including cytologic atypia and number of mitotic figures; there were no statistically significant correlations between these variables and biologic behavior. Of the 39 @entity1 for whom follow-up information was available (mean follow-up period, 38.6 months), six @entity1 (all with predominantly endophytic patterns) had copresented with @entity1185 and @entity189 . The remaining 33 @entity1 initially had only benign @entity1185 . In these 33 @entity1 , recurrences developed in 11 (33 per cent), local invasion in two (6 per cent) (both with @entity1179 ), and @entity957 in one (3 per cent) (with an @entity1179 ). Three @entity1 had evidence of disease when last examined, and two @entity1 had died of disease (both after copresentation with @entity1185 and @entity189 ). The continued use of the term @entity1179 (endophytic pattern) as a specific subset of @entity1185 is recommended, as all serious complications, including progression to local invasion, copresentation with @entity189 , and development of @entity189 , were associated with these lesions.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic study of 67 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'schneiderian papillomas']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['inverted papillomas', 'inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity1185 :: (MESH:D010212,Disease) :: ['Schneiderian papillomas']


abstract: There have been several recent advances in our understanding of @entity472 and in its diagnosis and treatment. @entity472 is now most commonly due to a bicuspid valve. @entity472 has become much less common and @entity730 stenosis of valves in the elderly is a rapidly increasing cause. The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity472 can be largely determined by their symptoms, with a mean length of survival of 3 to 5 years for @entity1 with @entity951 , 3 years for @entity1 with @entity1163 , and only 12 to 24 months for @entity1 with @entity712 . Virtually all symptomatic @entity1 should be operated on, even those with reduced left ventricular function. The risk of @entity944 in asymptomatic adults is low, and thus surgery is generally not needed in these cases. Recently, the noninvasive diagnosis of @entity472 has improved dramatically with the advent of two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. These techniques provide information on the pressure gradient and can even allow accurate estimates of @entity340 . Cardiac catheterization is still required, however, to determine the anatomy of the coronary arteries prior to surgery since many @entity1 will have concomitant @entity453 . The newest development in the treatment of @entity472 is @entity661 , which is relatively safe and has shown early promise in reducing the pressure gradient across not increased to the normal range and is significantly less than that following aortic valve replacement. The long-term results of balloon valvuloplasty are still being evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Recent developments in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve area']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['catheter balloon valvuloplasty']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic aortic stenosis', 'Aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: The coplanar polycentric multiple 180 degrees single arc and narrow beams technique ( @entity4515 ) allows high radiation doses to be delivered to the target, with similar dose distribution to that of brachytherapy. Since 1990, more than 100 @entity1 have been treated: 80 had NSCLC, 12 had epidermoid head and neck (oral cavity and oropharynx) @entity5 , 8 @entity1313 , 4 @entity418 and, sporadically, other @entity1 had many other kinds of @entity5 , e.g., @entity1893 and @entity242 . X photons of a 12-MV Linac have always been used. NSCLC @entity1 are assessable for local control, @entity137 and survival, while the other @entity1 only for local control and/or @entity137 . As for 31 stage I-II @entity2 @entity1 , CR has been observed in 82.8% of them and PR in 13.8%; the response was always assessed with chest radiography, CT, @entity4434 , cytology and/or histology. The overall actuarial survival rate is 71% at 40 months, the disease-free survival rate is 75% and the local progression-free survival rate is 94%. As for 49 stage-III @entity1 , CR has been observed in 40% of them and PR in 56%. The overall disease-free survival is 10% at 28 months (median survival: 14.37 +/- 0.6 months). The disease-free survival rate @entity4318 %. The local progression-free survival rate is similar to the overall survival rate, which seems to prove the very high metastatic spread of this disease in advanced stages. Twelve @entity135 @entity1 have been treated, 5 of them in stage II and 7 in stage IV. CR has been observed in all the @entity1 in lower stages (100%), in 4/7 @entity1 in stage IV (57%) and in 4/5 @entity1 (80%) in the T4N0 subgroup. The response of @entity1313 treated with the @entity4515 technique is difficult to assess because radiographic, CT and MR images are difficult to correlate with @entity1 clinical status. The @entity1 in our series are still alive, with a medium follow-up of 7 months (range: 2-16 months). A longer follow-up is necessary before any other considerations on the effectiveness of this method can be made. This technique was used on the @entity1 who were not eligible for the other techniques with high doses delivered to the @entity5 , because of its volume and/or shape. Four @entity418 were treated with palliative intent, because of @entity1282 , in alternative to HDR brachytherapy. All these @entity1 have obtained symptom remission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [The polycentric multiple arc complanar technic, or telebrachytherapy. A 4-year experience (an innovative way for the local control of solid XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancers']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['absolute dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the optimum probe design and treatment parameters for transscleral diode laser retinopexy. METHODS: Transscleral diode photocoagulation was performed on the eyes of Dutch-belted @entity95 using three different transscleral probes: a straight, 400-microns diameter probe; a prism-tipped 400-microns diameter probe; and a prism-tipped 900-microns diameter probe. RESULTS: Transscleral diode photocoagulation with all three probe types was an effective method of ablating the retina and creating @entity6519 . Both the burn diameter and the mean radiant output energy requirement increased as the burn duration and probe aperture diameter was increased. @entity937 were encountered in 12% of the burns created with the straight probe. The use of the prism-tipped probes significantly reduced the incidence of retinal holes to < 4% (P < 0.005). Histopathologically, all burns were grade III in intensity with severe @entity130 . In many of the burns, there was histopathologic evidence of @entity389 . The frequency of these inner scleral changes was reduced with a long burn duration (5 seconds). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that diode transscleral photocoagulation is a feasible method of thermal retinopexy. The use of the prism-tipped probes and long duration burns resulted in the fewest adverse reactions.

title: Comparison of techniques for transscleral diode photocoagulation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['Explosive retinal holes']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury to the inner sclera']

entities_list: @entity6519 :: ('MESH:D002825', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal adhesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal injury']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Clinical, roentgenographic and pathologic findings in @entity1 with @entity9757 , including 19 additional cases, have been reviewed and summarized. Most @entity1 present with subacute respiratory and constitutional symptoms and have failed to respond to therapy for presumptive @entity55 . A previous history of atopy, most often @entity565 , will be obtained in one-half. @entity1712 occurs in most cases and its absence may be the major indication for lung biopsy. Although @entity358 are more often peripheral than not, the classic "photographic negative of @entity3126 " is seen in less than one-third of cases. Pathologic findings include an intra-alveolar and interstitial infiltrate which comprises eosinophils, histiocytes, and exudate. @entity4154 and eosinophilic microabscesses occur less frequently. Open-lung biopsy is preferable when atypical features prevent a confident clinical diagnosis. The exquisite responsiveness of @entity12563 to corticosteroids should encourage use of a therapeutic trial when there is a strong clinical suspicion of the disorder. The rapid clinical response should not deter the clinician from giving a prolonged course of treatment. The differential diagnosis includes other diseases characterized by PIE and the more recently recognized @entity4154 and @entity3616 , a disorder which is also marked by @entity358 .

title: XXXX . A report of 19 cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity9757 :: ('MESH:C535590', 'Disease') :: ['chronic eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral pulmonary infiltrates', 'pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchiolitis obliterans', 'bronchiolitis obliterans']

answer: @entity9757 :: (MESH:C535590,Disease) :: ['Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia']


abstract: Several techniques are available for endobroncheal tissue destruction. The cost and nature of the effect of the different techniques are determining factors in deciding on which equipment to use. Electrocoagulation is an old method which has practically been abandoned in favour of high frequency coagulation. This technique has an immediate effect, somewhat like the laser. We treated 32 @entity1 with inoperable malignant (17) or benign (5) @entity5 obstructing the @entity825 or the bronchi. Response to treatment was evaluated on clinical manifestations and endoscopic findings. Haemostasis was obtained in 11/12 cases and @entity5 destruction of more than 50% in 27/32 cases. Complications included haemoptysia in 2 @entity1 followed by @entity204 due to @entity1576 in 1. The ERBOTOM ACC 450 equipment was piloted with a microcomputer to control the power output automatically. @entity62 was induced by slow heating up to 70-100 degrees C causing tissue vaporization. The cost of this multiple applications of this equipment is competitive.

title: [Treatment of XXXX with high-frequency thermocoagulation. Preliminary studies].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['White coagulation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bronchial tumors']


abstract: Since 1983 we have performed electrophysiologic studies in 6 @entity1 who had previously undergone repair of an ostium primum @entity474 . Information obtained during electrophysiologic studies was crucial in guiding appropriate pacemaker therapy in these @entity1 . As judged from the resting electrocardiogram, sinus or junctional @entity1168 was present in 3/6, @entity955 in 2/6, and paced rhythm in 2 @entity1 who had had ventricular pacemakers implanted for complete @entity713 . During maximal exercise testing 4 @entity1 had reduced heart rates; 2 had sudden drops in heart rate at 1 min postexercise; 1 @entity1 had exercise induced ventricular bigeminy; and 1 @entity1 with @entity956 : 1-4: 1 block at rest developed 1: 1 conduction during Stage II with an effective ventricular rate of 220/min. During electrophysiologic studies, the maximum corrected sinus node recovery time was abnormal in five of the six, ranging from 410 to 5630 msec. There was no spontaneous atrial rhythm in the other @entity1 . Complete @entity713 was present in 2 @entity1 while the @entity713 occurred abnormally at atrial pacing cycle lengths greater than 450 msec in 2 others. @entity4710 or @entity955 , was either spontaneous or induced in 2/6 @entity1 , while @entity1165 was induced in 1/3 @entity1 who underwent programmed ventricular stimulation. Electrophysiologic studies were important in unmasking severe @entity1817 in 3 @entity1 and @entity1817 in 2. We therefore recommend that electrophysiologic studies be strongly considered as part of the evaluation of @entity616 following repair of ostium primum @entity474 .

title: XXXX detected by electrophysiologic testing following repair of ostium primum @entity474 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block', 'atrioventricular Wenckebach phenomenon']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular node disease', 'sinus node disease']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter and 2']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter / fibrillation', 'atrial flutter/fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['Supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['conduction abnormalities']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['Conduction abnormalities']


abstract: Since 1983 we have performed electrophysiologic studies in 6 @entity1 who had previously undergone repair of an ostium primum @entity474 . Information obtained during electrophysiologic studies was crucial in guiding appropriate pacemaker therapy in these @entity1 . As judged from the resting electrocardiogram, sinus or junctional @entity1168 was present in 3/6, @entity955 in 2/6, and paced rhythm in 2 @entity1 who had had ventricular pacemakers implanted for complete @entity713 . During maximal exercise testing 4 @entity1 had reduced heart rates; 2 had sudden drops in heart rate at 1 min postexercise; 1 @entity1 had exercise induced ventricular bigeminy; and 1 @entity1 with @entity956 : 1-4: 1 block at rest developed 1: 1 conduction during Stage II with an effective ventricular rate of 220/min. During electrophysiologic studies, the maximum corrected sinus node recovery time was abnormal in five of the six, ranging from 410 to 5630 msec. There was no spontaneous atrial rhythm in the other @entity1 . Complete @entity713 was present in 2 @entity1 while the @entity713 occurred abnormally at atrial pacing cycle lengths greater than 450 msec in 2 others. @entity4710 or @entity955 , was either spontaneous or induced in 2/6 @entity1 , while @entity1165 was induced in 1/3 @entity1 who underwent programmed ventricular stimulation. Electrophysiologic studies were important in unmasking severe @entity1817 in 3 @entity1 and @entity1817 in 2. We therefore recommend that electrophysiologic studies be strongly considered as part of the evaluation of @entity616 following repair of ostium primum @entity474 .

title: @entity616 detected by electrophysiologic testing following repair of ostium primum XXXX .

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']


abstract: Alterations in local CBF (LCBF) were assessed autoradiographically in the @entity35 at several time points following photochemically induced cortical @entity1188 . Cortical @entity1188 of consistent size and location was produced by irradiating the brain with green light through the intact skull for 20 min following the systemic injection of rose bengal. A consistent pattern of altered LCBF was recorded in both @entity717 regions over the course of the study. At 30 min, a severely @entity63 zone surrounded by regions of cortical @entity450 was apparent. LCBF was also @entity308 relative to control values in ipsilateral cortical regions remote from the irradiated area, while contralateral cortical structures were mildly hyperemic. By 4 h, the zone of severe @entity63 had enlarged and its margins were no longer hyperemic. Ipsilateral cortical and some subcortical structures demonstrated significantly @entity308 levels of LCBF. At 5 days, LCBF throughout both ipsilateral and contralateral cortices was @entity308 compared with control values. By 15 days, LCBF had returned to control levels in most brain structures shown histopathologically not to be irreversibly damaged. The temporal sequence and magnitude of these hemodynamic alterations are consistent with findings in clinical studies in which repeated measurements of CBF have been carried out in @entity1 with @entity64 . The ability to produce a cortical @entity1188 that results in a consistent pattern of altered CBF should facilitate the investigation of @entity64 mechanisms responsible for these @entity854 .

title: Photochemically induced cortical XXXX in the @entity35 . 1. Time course of hemodynamic consequences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral and contralateral brain']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: Alterations in local CBF (LCBF) were assessed autoradiographically in the @entity35 at several time points following photochemically induced cortical @entity1188 . Cortical @entity1188 of consistent size and location was produced by irradiating the brain with green light through the intact skull for 20 min following the systemic injection of rose bengal. A consistent pattern of altered LCBF was recorded in both @entity717 regions over the course of the study. At 30 min, a severely @entity63 zone surrounded by regions of cortical @entity450 was apparent. LCBF was also @entity308 relative to control values in ipsilateral cortical regions remote from the irradiated area, while contralateral cortical structures were mildly hyperemic. By 4 h, the zone of severe @entity63 had enlarged and its margins were no longer hyperemic. Ipsilateral cortical and some subcortical structures demonstrated significantly @entity308 levels of LCBF. At 5 days, LCBF throughout both ipsilateral and contralateral cortices was @entity308 compared with control values. By 15 days, LCBF had returned to control levels in most brain structures shown histopathologically not to be irreversibly damaged. The temporal sequence and magnitude of these hemodynamic alterations are consistent with findings in clinical studies in which repeated measurements of CBF have been carried out in @entity1 with @entity64 . The ability to produce a cortical @entity1188 that results in a consistent pattern of altered CBF should facilitate the investigation of @entity64 mechanisms responsible for these @entity854 .

title: Photochemically induced cortical @entity1188 in the XXXX . 1. Time course of hemodynamic consequences.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Consecutive survivors of a @entity583 from the Southern Hospital, below 70 years of age, were randomized into a Control group (n = 276) and a Treatment group (n = 279). The latter was openly prescribed the combination of @entity12880 and @entity1670 for serum lipid lowering. Each @entity1 should remain in the study for 5 years and be seen regularly every 4 months at a special IHD outpatient clinic within the hospital. The concentration of serum @entity165 and @entity412 was lowered by 13% and 19%, respectively, in the Treatment group compared to the Control group. Total mortality was 82 cases in the Control group and 61 in the Treatment group, a 26% reduction (p less than 0.05). For @entity1 above 60 years of age in the Treatment group the reduction in mortality was 28% (p less than 0.05). IHD mortality was reduced by 36% (p less than 0.01) in the Treatment group compared to the Control group. The beneficial effect of the serum lipid lowering treatment was related to the serum @entity412 concentration in two ways. First, it only occurred in @entity1 with a @entity412 level greater than 1.5 mmol/l (n = 216). Secondly, it was most pronounced in the 44% of the treated @entity1 who had a lowering of the serum @entity412 by 30% or more, and in this subgroup the reduction of IHD mortality was 60% (p less than 0.01). For serum @entity165 there were no such relations. The difference between serum @entity1674 and @entity165 concerning these relations to the treatment outcome may be due to the fact that hypertriglyceridaemia was the most common hyperlipidaemia among our @entity1 , occurring in 50%, while hypercholesterolaemia only occurred in 13%. Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of the results as the trial was not blind. However, the fact that the decrease in IHD deaths was directly related to the degree of serum @entity412 lowering indicates that it was the drug effect on serum lipids that was responsible for the beneficial effect of the treatment.

title: Reduction of mortality in the Stockholm Ischaemic Heart Disease Secondary Prevention Study by combined treatment with @entity12880 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12880 :: ('MESH:D002994', 'Chemical') :: ['clofibrate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinic acid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1670 :: (MESH:D009525,Chemical) :: ['nicotinic acid']


abstract: Consecutive survivors of a @entity583 from the Southern Hospital, below 70 years of age, were randomized into a Control group (n = 276) and a Treatment group (n = 279). The latter was openly prescribed the combination of @entity12880 and @entity1670 for serum lipid lowering. Each @entity1 should remain in the study for 5 years and be seen regularly every 4 months at a special IHD outpatient clinic within the hospital. The concentration of serum @entity165 and @entity412 was lowered by 13% and 19%, respectively, in the Treatment group compared to the Control group. Total mortality was 82 cases in the Control group and 61 in the Treatment group, a 26% reduction (p less than 0.05). For @entity1 above 60 years of age in the Treatment group the reduction in mortality was 28% (p less than 0.05). IHD mortality was reduced by 36% (p less than 0.01) in the Treatment group compared to the Control group. The beneficial effect of the serum lipid lowering treatment was related to the serum @entity412 concentration in two ways. First, it only occurred in @entity1 with a @entity412 level greater than 1.5 mmol/l (n = 216). Secondly, it was most pronounced in the 44% of the treated @entity1 who had a lowering of the serum @entity412 by 30% or more, and in this subgroup the reduction of IHD mortality was 60% (p less than 0.01). For serum @entity165 there were no such relations. The difference between serum @entity1674 and @entity165 concerning these relations to the treatment outcome may be due to the fact that hypertriglyceridaemia was the most common hyperlipidaemia among our @entity1 , occurring in 50%, while hypercholesterolaemia only occurred in 13%. Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of the results as the trial was not blind. However, the fact that the decrease in IHD deaths was directly related to the degree of serum @entity412 lowering indicates that it was the drug effect on serum lipids that was responsible for the beneficial effect of the treatment.

title: Reduction of mortality in the Stockholm Ischaemic Heart Disease Secondary Prevention Study by combined treatment with XXXX and @entity1670 .

answer: @entity12880 :: (MESH:D002994,Chemical) :: ['clofibrate']


abstract: Infection of @entity5434 with microfilariae (Mf) of Onchocerca lienalis was studied as a model for @entity1 @entity16695 . Normal monkeys and immunized monkeys were given intracorneal/subconjunctival, intracameral, or intravitreal injections of Mf or bovine serum albumin (control). Selected animals were given @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) orally (15 mg/kg) daily after the @entity5517 . Following intravitreal challenge, living Mf and fibrinous exudates were visible by slit-lamp in both the anterior chamber and vitreous. Eosinophils and macrophages surrounded the Mf in the vitreous, with degranulated eosinophils adherent to the Mf. Eosinophils infiltrated the uvea and surrounded the retinal vessels. After intracorneal injection of Mf, living Mf were visible by slit-lamp biomicroscopy in the @entity267 for 3 days, with minimal @entity32 of the corneas occurring over the 7 days after injection. Intracamerally injected Mf induced anterior @entity1596 . The extent of the inflammatory reactions was not substantially altered by @entity6567 treatment following intraocular injection of Mf. In vitro proliferative responses of peripheral blood leukocytes to a crude Mf antigen were not observed in infected monkeys and proliferative responses to mitogen declined in these animals. Responses to mitogen were inhibited by addition of Mf antigen in vitro in normal monkeys. Circulating IgG antibodies were present in the sensitized, intracorneally, and intravitreally challenged animals. No obvious correlations were present between IgG antibody level and @entity32 .

title: @entity16695 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine citrate']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity16695 :: ('MESH:D015827', 'Disease') :: ['ocular onchocerciasis']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: Infection of @entity5434 with microfilariae (Mf) of Onchocerca lienalis was studied as a model for @entity1 @entity16695 . Normal monkeys and immunized monkeys were given intracorneal/subconjunctival, intracameral, or intravitreal injections of Mf or bovine serum albumin (control). Selected animals were given @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) orally (15 mg/kg) daily after the @entity5517 . Following intravitreal challenge, living Mf and fibrinous exudates were visible by slit-lamp in both the anterior chamber and vitreous. Eosinophils and macrophages surrounded the Mf in the vitreous, with degranulated eosinophils adherent to the Mf. Eosinophils infiltrated the uvea and surrounded the retinal vessels. After intracorneal injection of Mf, living Mf were visible by slit-lamp biomicroscopy in the @entity267 for 3 days, with minimal @entity32 of the corneas occurring over the 7 days after injection. Intracamerally injected Mf induced anterior @entity1596 . The extent of the inflammatory reactions was not substantially altered by @entity6567 treatment following intraocular injection of Mf. In vitro proliferative responses of peripheral blood leukocytes to a crude Mf antigen were not observed in infected monkeys and proliferative responses to mitogen declined in these animals. Responses to mitogen were inhibited by addition of Mf antigen in vitro in normal monkeys. Circulating IgG antibodies were present in the sensitized, intracorneally, and intravitreally challenged animals. No obvious correlations were present between IgG antibody level and @entity32 .

title: XXXX in @entity5434 .

answer: @entity16695 :: (MESH:D015827,Disease) :: ['Experimental ocular onchocerciasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To diagnose possible @entity2791 especially in case of @entity8 by intrarenal colour-coded Duplex sonography. METHODS: In 50 @entity101 @entity1 lobar and interlobar arteries were looked for at 3 different levels. Analysis included the determination of the early systolic acceleration time and the assessment of the Doppler waveform, especially the "tardus-parvus" phenomenon. Intraarterial angiography was performed in all @entity1 the next day. RESULTS: In 48/50 @entity1 the sonographic investigations were sufficiently evaluable. Angiography showed haemodynamically relevant @entity850 in 13 @entity1 , in 4 @entity1 bilaterally. In 21 @entity1 (42%) @entity8 were found. Sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of @entity2791 was 77% respectively 46% (threshold value > or = 0.120 s). In 10/17 angiographically verified haemodynamically relevant @entity2791 a change of the Doppler waveform was noted; sensitivity in the diagnosis of @entity2791 was 69%, specificity 90%. CONCLUSION: Intrarenal colour-coded Duplex sonography cannot be recommended as a screening tool for @entity2791 .

title: [Intrarenal color Doppler ultrasound for exclusion of @entity2791 in cases of XXXX . Analysis of the Doppler spectrum and tardus parvus phenomenon].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['multiple renal arteries']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['multiple renal arteries']


abstract: PURPOSE: To diagnose possible @entity2791 especially in case of @entity8 by intrarenal colour-coded Duplex sonography. METHODS: In 50 @entity101 @entity1 lobar and interlobar arteries were looked for at 3 different levels. Analysis included the determination of the early systolic acceleration time and the assessment of the Doppler waveform, especially the "tardus-parvus" phenomenon. Intraarterial angiography was performed in all @entity1 the next day. RESULTS: In 48/50 @entity1 the sonographic investigations were sufficiently evaluable. Angiography showed haemodynamically relevant @entity850 in 13 @entity1 , in 4 @entity1 bilaterally. In 21 @entity1 (42%) @entity8 were found. Sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of @entity2791 was 77% respectively 46% (threshold value > or = 0.120 s). In 10/17 angiographically verified haemodynamically relevant @entity2791 a change of the Doppler waveform was noted; sensitivity in the diagnosis of @entity2791 was 69%, specificity 90%. CONCLUSION: Intrarenal colour-coded Duplex sonography cannot be recommended as a screening tool for @entity2791 .

title: [Intrarenal color Doppler ultrasound for exclusion of XXXX in cases of @entity8 . Analysis of the Doppler spectrum and tardus parvus phenomenon].

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['renal artery stenosis']


abstract: In recent years @entity460 channel blockers have emerged as a new class of antiarrhythmic agents for the control of certain supraventricular and @entity943 . Electrophysiologically, they are heterogeneous but their main action is mediated through a depressant effect on the slow @entity460 channel in cardiac muscle. In isolated muscle, their actions are modulated by their reflex actions and by their interaction with the autonomic nervous system due to the nonocompetitive adrenergic blocking actions that some of the compounds exhibit. The major agents exerting antiarrhythmic actions are @entity1855 , @entity3988 , @entity4473 , @entity7220 , and @entity8633 ; the @entity19346 are devoid of significant electrophysiologic actions in vivo. @entity460 antagonists prolong intranodal conduction time, lengthen the effective and functional refractory periods in the AV node, but exert little or no effect on atrial, ventricular, His-Purkinje, or bypass tract conduction or refractoriness (except in the case of @entity8633 , which has additional electrophysiologic properties). These effects form the basis of the clinical antiarrhythmic effects of this class of agents. The most striking action is the predictable and prompt termination of reentrant supraventricular @entity591 by intravenous @entity1855 and @entity3988 and the slowing of the ventricular response in @entity955 . These agents may also be of value in the chronic control of ventricular response in @entity955 ; their role in multifocal @entity591 and other @entity591 is less well defined. @entity460 antagonists reverse ischemic @entity943 due to @entity3361 but exert little or no action in the usual forms of sustained @entity1165 associated with severe structural @entity299 . They are poor suppressants of premature ventricular contractions. Recent data have established their role in exercise-induced @entity591 occurring in the context of @entity741 ; they are also of value in @entity1165 occurring in young subjects developing @entity591 with a @entity714 with left axis deviation morphology, an @entity943 thought to be due to triggered automaticity. The role of @entity460 antagonists in reducing the incidence of @entity944 in the survivors of acute @entity583 remains uncertain.

title: Control of XXXX by @entity460 antagonism.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity7220 :: ('MESH:D013976', 'Chemical') :: ['tiapamil']

entities_list: @entity19346 :: ('MESH:D004095', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridines']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity4473 :: ('MESH:D005711', 'Chemical') :: ['gallopamil']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia', 'ectopic tachycardias', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity8633 :: ('MESH:D015764', 'Chemical') :: ['bepridil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium', 'calcium']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter and fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']


abstract: In recent years @entity460 channel blockers have emerged as a new class of antiarrhythmic agents for the control of certain supraventricular and @entity943 . Electrophysiologically, they are heterogeneous but their main action is mediated through a depressant effect on the slow @entity460 channel in cardiac muscle. In isolated muscle, their actions are modulated by their reflex actions and by their interaction with the autonomic nervous system due to the nonocompetitive adrenergic blocking actions that some of the compounds exhibit. The major agents exerting antiarrhythmic actions are @entity1855 , @entity3988 , @entity4473 , @entity7220 , and @entity8633 ; the @entity19346 are devoid of significant electrophysiologic actions in vivo. @entity460 antagonists prolong intranodal conduction time, lengthen the effective and functional refractory periods in the AV node, but exert little or no effect on atrial, ventricular, His-Purkinje, or bypass tract conduction or refractoriness (except in the case of @entity8633 , which has additional electrophysiologic properties). These effects form the basis of the clinical antiarrhythmic effects of this class of agents. The most striking action is the predictable and prompt termination of reentrant supraventricular @entity591 by intravenous @entity1855 and @entity3988 and the slowing of the ventricular response in @entity955 . These agents may also be of value in the chronic control of ventricular response in @entity955 ; their role in multifocal @entity591 and other @entity591 is less well defined. @entity460 antagonists reverse ischemic @entity943 due to @entity3361 but exert little or no action in the usual forms of sustained @entity1165 associated with severe structural @entity299 . They are poor suppressants of premature ventricular contractions. Recent data have established their role in exercise-induced @entity591 occurring in the context of @entity741 ; they are also of value in @entity1165 occurring in young subjects developing @entity591 with a @entity714 with left axis deviation morphology, an @entity943 thought to be due to triggered automaticity. The role of @entity460 antagonists in reducing the incidence of @entity944 in the survivors of acute @entity583 remains uncertain.

title: Control of @entity943 by XXXX antagonism.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity421 is rare, and the most appropriate therapy is unclear because there are few studies regarding its treatment. The effectiveness of radiation and chemotherapy remains uncertain owing to conflicting results in previous reports. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: To review our experience with contemporary multimodality treatment, we asked: (1) What is the disease-specific survival and local relapse-free survival? (2) Does American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) stage, @entity5 size, or location relate to disease outcome? (3) Does radiation therapy improve local control or survival? (4) Do @entity632 and @entity1260 improve local control or survival? METHODS: Between 1990 and 2012, we treated 40 @entity1 for localized, high-grade @entity421 . In this retrospective study, we could determine the status of 36 @entity1 (90%) either to @entity204 or for a minimum of 24 months of followup; four (10%) were lost to followup before 24 months. There were 11 @entity1 with AJCC Stage IIA and 25 with @entity5 . All @entity1 underwent wide surgical excision. Of the @entity1 with @entity5 , four received radiation and none received chemotherapy. Of the @entity1 with @entity5 , six received radiation, seven were treated with chemotherapy, and six received radiation and chemotherapy. During the study period, high-dose @entity632 and @entity1260 was the preferred chemotherapy regimen for @entity1 younger than 60 years with normal cardiac and renal function. Local relapse-free survival and disease-specific survival were determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis using a prospectively maintained institutional database supplemented by information from the institutional @entity5 registry. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the effect of various factors on local recurrence and @entity1 survival. RESULTS: At 5 years, local relapse-free survival was 47% (95% CI, 27%-64%), and disease-specific survival was 53% (95% CI, 35%-68%). In multivariate analysis, AJCC stage, which depends on @entity5 size, was the strongest predictor of local relapse-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.17, p = 0.02), while @entity5 depth was the best predictor of disease-specific survival (HR = 5.6, p = 0.02). Radiation improved local relapse-free survival (HR = 0.30, p = 0.03) but not disease-specific survival in multivariate analysis. A regimen of @entity632 and @entity1260 was associated with better local relapse-free survival for @entity1 with @entity5 (HR = 0.16, p = 0.04) but not disease-specific survival (HR = 0.32, p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: With the limited number of @entity1 in our study, it appears that @entity421 behaves differently than @entity79 . Multimodality treatment that includes @entity632 and @entity1260 -based chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery may be a valid therapeutic strategy for @entity5 , but larger, prospective studies will be needed to verify our preliminary observations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study.

title: Should High-grade XXXX Be Treated With Multimodality Therapy Like Other Soft Tissue Sarcomas?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage IIA disease', 'Stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma of bone']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Extraosseous osteosarcoma', 'extraosseous osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Extraosseous Osteosarcoma']