abstract: Five @entity1 (six @entity221 sites) with advanced superficial @entity5 were treated with combined @entity11256 , @entity900 , local @entity221 , and radiation therapy as part of a Phase I pilot study. Treatment was given once weekly and consisted of @entity11256 3 gm/m2 IV bolus, @entity900 50 mg/m2 IV bolus, @entity221 for 60 min with a target temperature of 43 degrees C, and radiation therapy 500 cGy/fraction (median total dose 3000 cGy) for a total of six weeks. Blood levels of @entity11256 were taken during treatment at week 1 and week 4. @entity11256 drug exposure was calculated using the trapezoidal rule and expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) of plasma concentration x time. Five of six treatment sites had received prior irradiation. Prior chemotherapy had been given in three @entity1 and @entity440 therapy given in the other two @entity1 . The median follow-up time is 34 months; 3/5 @entity1 have died of disease. The most significant @entity137 was grade I or II @entity390 and @entity391 associated with 19/32 treatments (59%) and a second degree burn in 2/6 fields. None of the five @entity1 experienced @entity1897 , skin ulceration, or needed surgical repair. In addition, there was mild @entity8 ; pharmacokinetic analysis showed a 28-75% increase in the week 1 to week 4 AUC in three @entity1 , all of whom had a decrease in @entity1011 clearance over the same time of 15-47%. This pilot study suggests this combined modality therapy can be delivered without major complications and that renal function, determined by @entity1011 clearance, affects clearance of @entity11256 and alters the AUC. Therefore, monitoring renal function is important in @entity1 receiving @entity11256 in addition to other nephrotoxic agents such as @entity900 . The impact of @entity11256 on the therapeutic index of @entity221 , radiation therapy and @entity900 may be worth of study, especially since a positive interaction between these modalities is found in laboratory models.

title: Pilot study of local @entity221 , radiation therapy, @entity11256 , and XXXX for advanced superficial @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity11256 :: ('MESH:D017341', 'Chemical') :: ['Etanidazole', 'etanidazole']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Five @entity1 (six @entity221 sites) with advanced superficial @entity5 were treated with combined @entity11256 , @entity900 , local @entity221 , and radiation therapy as part of a Phase I pilot study. Treatment was given once weekly and consisted of @entity11256 3 gm/m2 IV bolus, @entity900 50 mg/m2 IV bolus, @entity221 for 60 min with a target temperature of 43 degrees C, and radiation therapy 500 cGy/fraction (median total dose 3000 cGy) for a total of six weeks. Blood levels of @entity11256 were taken during treatment at week 1 and week 4. @entity11256 drug exposure was calculated using the trapezoidal rule and expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) of plasma concentration x time. Five of six treatment sites had received prior irradiation. Prior chemotherapy had been given in three @entity1 and @entity440 therapy given in the other two @entity1 . The median follow-up time is 34 months; 3/5 @entity1 have died of disease. The most significant @entity137 was grade I or II @entity390 and @entity391 associated with 19/32 treatments (59%) and a second degree burn in 2/6 fields. None of the five @entity1 experienced @entity1897 , skin ulceration, or needed surgical repair. In addition, there was mild @entity8 ; pharmacokinetic analysis showed a 28-75% increase in the week 1 to week 4 AUC in three @entity1 , all of whom had a decrease in @entity1011 clearance over the same time of 15-47%. This pilot study suggests this combined modality therapy can be delivered without major complications and that renal function, determined by @entity1011 clearance, affects clearance of @entity11256 and alters the AUC. Therefore, monitoring renal function is important in @entity1 receiving @entity11256 in addition to other nephrotoxic agents such as @entity900 . The impact of @entity11256 on the therapeutic index of @entity221 , radiation therapy and @entity900 may be worth of study, especially since a positive interaction between these modalities is found in laboratory models.

title: Pilot study of local @entity221 , radiation therapy, XXXX , and @entity900 for advanced superficial @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity11256 :: (MESH:D017341,Chemical) :: ['etanidazole']


abstract: Five @entity1 (six @entity221 sites) with advanced superficial @entity5 were treated with combined @entity11256 , @entity900 , local @entity221 , and radiation therapy as part of a Phase I pilot study. Treatment was given once weekly and consisted of @entity11256 3 gm/m2 IV bolus, @entity900 50 mg/m2 IV bolus, @entity221 for 60 min with a target temperature of 43 degrees C, and radiation therapy 500 cGy/fraction (median total dose 3000 cGy) for a total of six weeks. Blood levels of @entity11256 were taken during treatment at week 1 and week 4. @entity11256 drug exposure was calculated using the trapezoidal rule and expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) of plasma concentration x time. Five of six treatment sites had received prior irradiation. Prior chemotherapy had been given in three @entity1 and @entity440 therapy given in the other two @entity1 . The median follow-up time is 34 months; 3/5 @entity1 have died of disease. The most significant @entity137 was grade I or II @entity390 and @entity391 associated with 19/32 treatments (59%) and a second degree burn in 2/6 fields. None of the five @entity1 experienced @entity1897 , skin ulceration, or needed surgical repair. In addition, there was mild @entity8 ; pharmacokinetic analysis showed a 28-75% increase in the week 1 to week 4 AUC in three @entity1 , all of whom had a decrease in @entity1011 clearance over the same time of 15-47%. This pilot study suggests this combined modality therapy can be delivered without major complications and that renal function, determined by @entity1011 clearance, affects clearance of @entity11256 and alters the AUC. Therefore, monitoring renal function is important in @entity1 receiving @entity11256 in addition to other nephrotoxic agents such as @entity900 . The impact of @entity11256 on the therapeutic index of @entity221 , radiation therapy and @entity900 may be worth of study, especially since a positive interaction between these modalities is found in laboratory models.

title: Pilot study of local XXXX , radiation therapy, @entity11256 , and @entity900 for advanced superficial @entity5 .

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: Five @entity1 (six @entity221 sites) with advanced superficial @entity5 were treated with combined @entity11256 , @entity900 , local @entity221 , and radiation therapy as part of a Phase I pilot study. Treatment was given once weekly and consisted of @entity11256 3 gm/m2 IV bolus, @entity900 50 mg/m2 IV bolus, @entity221 for 60 min with a target temperature of 43 degrees C, and radiation therapy 500 cGy/fraction (median total dose 3000 cGy) for a total of six weeks. Blood levels of @entity11256 were taken during treatment at week 1 and week 4. @entity11256 drug exposure was calculated using the trapezoidal rule and expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) of plasma concentration x time. Five of six treatment sites had received prior irradiation. Prior chemotherapy had been given in three @entity1 and @entity440 therapy given in the other two @entity1 . The median follow-up time is 34 months; 3/5 @entity1 have died of disease. The most significant @entity137 was grade I or II @entity390 and @entity391 associated with 19/32 treatments (59%) and a second degree burn in 2/6 fields. None of the five @entity1 experienced @entity1897 , skin ulceration, or needed surgical repair. In addition, there was mild @entity8 ; pharmacokinetic analysis showed a 28-75% increase in the week 1 to week 4 AUC in three @entity1 , all of whom had a decrease in @entity1011 clearance over the same time of 15-47%. This pilot study suggests this combined modality therapy can be delivered without major complications and that renal function, determined by @entity1011 clearance, affects clearance of @entity11256 and alters the AUC. Therefore, monitoring renal function is important in @entity1 receiving @entity11256 in addition to other nephrotoxic agents such as @entity900 . The impact of @entity11256 on the therapeutic index of @entity221 , radiation therapy and @entity900 may be worth of study, especially since a positive interaction between these modalities is found in laboratory models.

title: Pilot study of local @entity221 , radiation therapy, @entity11256 , and @entity900 for advanced superficial XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sequences of long interspersed elements ( @entity5022 ) make up    17% of the @entity1 genome. De novo insertions of retrotransposition-active L1s can result in @entity74 . It has been recently shown that the homozygous inactivation of two adjacent genes @entity6906 and @entity6907 encoding organic anion transporting polypeptides @entity6906 and @entity6907 causes a @entity74 presenting with conjugated @entity3638 , a @entity28309 . Here we examined @entity6906 and @entity6907 genes in six Japanese diagnosed with @entity28309 on the basis of laboratory data and laparoscopy. All six Japanese @entity1 were homozygous for the @entity53474 nonsense mutation in @entity6906 and homozygous for the insertion of a    6.1-kbp L1 retrotransposon in intron 5 of @entity6907 , which altogether make up the Japanese-specific haplotype. RNA analysis revealed that the L1 insertion induced deleterious splicing resulting in @entity6907 transcripts lacking exon 5 or exons 5-7 and containing premature stop codons. The expression of @entity6906 and @entity6907 proteins was not detected in liver tissues. This is the first documented case of a population-specific polymorphic intronic L1 transposon insertion contributing to molecular etiology of @entity74 . Since L1 activity in @entity1 genomes is currently seen as a major source of individual genetic variation, further investigations are warranted to determine if this phenomenon results in other @entity74 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Recessive inheritance of population-specific intronic LINE-1 insertion causes a XXXX phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive diseases', 'genetic diseases', 'recessive genetic disease', 'benign recessive disease']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity28309 :: ('MESH:D006933', 'Disease') :: ['Rotor syndrome']

answer: @entity28309 :: (MESH:D006933,Disease) :: ['Rotor syndrome']


abstract: Increases in pancreatic enzyme levels after cardiovascular surgery were studied, and their clinical characteristics evaluated. The subjects were 128 @entity1 who had undergone cardiovascular surgery (65 @entity1 after valve replacement, 32 after coronary bypass surgery and 31 after aortic artificial graft replacement). The pancreatic enzyme (serum amylase and lypase) levels were monitored serially before and after operation, and amylase fractions were measured at their peaks. The relationships of the peak lypase level with underlying @entity299 , background factors, factors related to surgery, factors related to the extracorporeal circulation, presence or absence of symptoms, and treatments were examined. The amylase level exhibited biphasic changes consisting of a peak in which salivary glands amylase (S type) was dominant and a peak in which pancreatic amylase (P type) was dominant. The second peak coincided with the peak lypase and occurred mostly 3 to 10 days after operation. The peak lypase level exceeded the normal range in 78% of all the @entity1 . It exceeded 564 U/l, 4 times the normal value in 28% of the @entity1 , many of whom were symptomatic. So, we recommended that these cases should be treated as "postoperative @entity788 ". A high peak lypase level showed a significant correlation with the history of gallbladder and @entity660 and @entity6 among the background factors and emergency operation and the use of IABP among the surgery-related factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical characteristics of XXXX after cardiovascular surgery].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intratumoral heterogeneity may help drive resistance to targeted therapies in @entity5 . In @entity0 , the presence of nodal metastases is a key indicator of poorer overall survival. The aim of this study was to identify somatic genetic alterations in early dissemination of @entity0 by whole genome next generation sequencing (NGS) of a primary @entity0 , a matched locally-involved axillary lymph node and healthy normal DNA from blood. METHODS: Whole genome NGS was performed on 12   g (range 11.1-13.3   g) of DNA isolated from fresh-frozen primary @entity0 , axillary lymph node and peripheral blood following the DNA nanoball sequencing protocol. Single nucleotide variants, insertions, deletions, and substitutions were identified through a bioinformatic pipeline and compared to CIN25, a key set of genes associated with @entity5 @entity3 . RESULTS: Whole genome sequencing revealed overlapping variants between the @entity5 and node, but also variants that were unique to each. Novel mutations unique to the node included those found in two CIN25 targets, @entity36570 and @entity52789 , which are related to transcription cyclin activity and chromosomal stability, respectively, and a unique frameshift in @entity14410 , which is required for accurate sister chromatid segregation during cell division. We also identified dominant clonal variants that progressed from @entity5 to node, including SNVs in @entity876 and @entity72011 , which mediates rearrangements to the cytoskeleton and cell shape, and an insertion in @entity14583 , the expression of which is significantly associated with @entity5 proliferation and can segregate @entity0 by outcome. CONCLUSION: This case study provides preliminary evidence that @entity5 and early nodal @entity3 have largely overlapping somatic genetic alterations. There were very few mutations unique to the involved node. However, significant conclusions regarding early dissemination needs analysis of a larger number of @entity1 samples.

title: Whole genome sequence analysis suggests intratumoral heterogeneity in dissemination of XXXX to lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple techniques for flexible intramedullary nailing (FIMN) of pediatric @entity174 have been described. To our knowledge, no study has compared combined medial-lateral (ML) entry versus @entity5251 ( @entity5251 ) entry retrograde nailing. This study compares surgical outcomes, radiographic outcomes, and complication rates between these 2 techniques. METHODS: A retrospective review of a consecutive series of @entity1 treated by retrograde, dual FIMN of @entity174 was performed from 2005 to 2012. Demographics and operative data were recorded. Radiographs were analyzed for @entity174 pattern, @entity174 location, percent canal fill by the nails, as well as shortening and angulation at the time of osseous union. Rates of symptomatic implants and their removal were noted. Data were compared between @entity1 treated with medial and lateral entry (ML group) nailing and those treated with @entity5251 entry ( @entity5251 group) nailing using the Student t test and correlation statistics. RESULTS: Of the 244 @entity1 with femoral shaft fractures treated with retrograde FIMN using Ender stainless steel nails, 156 were in the ML group and 88 were in the @entity5251 group. There were no statistical differences in sex (74% vs. 82% males), age (8.0 vs. 8.6 y), weight (29.4 vs. 31.1 kg), or @entity174 pattern between the 2 groups. The average total anesthesia time was less in the @entity5251 group (133 vs. 103 min) (P<0.0001). There was no difference between the techniques in shortening (3.9 vs. 3.0 mm), coronal angulation (2.9 vs. 2.6 degrees), or sagittal angulation (3.3 vs. 2.7 degrees) at union. In the @entity5251 group, there was a correlation between canal fill and reduced shortening at union. No differences were found in the presence or degree of varus alignment, procurvatum deformity, or recurvatum angulation between the constructs. There were 5 malunions in the @entity5251 group and 9 malunions in the ML group (5.7% vs. 5.8%, P=1). The incidence of having a healed femur @entity174 with >10 degrees of valgus was higher in the @entity5251 group (0% vs. 3.4%) (P=0.04). There were no differences between the groups in the rate of symptomatic implant @entity532 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5251 entry technique for FIMN of pediatric @entity174 is 30 minutes faster without worse final @entity174 alignment, additional complications, or increased rates of symptomatic implants. When using the @entity5251 technique, specific attention should be paid to percentage of canal fill and ensuring that the @entity174 is not reduced in a valgus position. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-therapeutic.

title: Two Techniques for Retrograde Flexible Intramedullary Fixation of XXXX : All-Lateral Entry Versus Medial and Lateral Entry Point.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['removal or surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'femur fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Femur Fractures']


abstract: Low rates of locoregional recurrence (LRR) in @entity1 with clinical @entity0 (cT2N1 or cT3N0) who undergo neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and mastectomy have been reported. We aimed to quantify the risk of LRR and the relationship between LRR and potential risk factors in this subset of @entity1 .We conducted a retrospective review of 116 @entity1 with clinical IIB @entity0 who underwent NAT followed by mastectomy +/- postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) between 2000 and 2009. We estimated the rate of LRR by cumulative incidence. The effect of prognostic factors was examined by Gray's test and Fine and Gray's test.Median follow-up: 63 months. Median age: 49. 28.4% cT2N1 and 71.6% cT3N0. 62.1% of @entity5 were ER+, 22.6% HER2+, 19% @entity549 ( @entity549 ). All @entity1 underwent NAT and mastectomy. The majority of @entity1 (87%) received PMRT; 32.3% were treated to chest wall (CW) only, and 67.7% to CW plus supraclavicular ( @entity6723 ) field.Compared to cT2N1, @entity1 with cT3N0 disease were more likely to be pN0 (60% vs 27%, P=0.005). There was no significant relationship between risk of LRR and pathologic complete response (pCR), use of PMRT, @entity138 to @entity6723 field, or @entity549 status, but there was higher risk of LRR in cT2N1 than cT3N0 (HR 6.03, P=0.015).LRR was more common in cT2N1 than in cT3N0 disease, emphasizing the negative prognostic implication of clinically node-positive presentation.

title: Locoregional outcomes in clinical stage IIb XXXX after neoadjuvant therapy and mastectomy with or without radiation.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'stage IIB breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['triple negative', 'TN']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity8442 ( @entity8442 ) is a rare but dangerous complication of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) when the @entity1 has no other manifestations except @entity344 . We performed 1 @entity1 with a 2-month history of recurrent @entity391 . She admitted past surgical histories of cesarean section and appendectomy. A physical examination revealed @entity925 lower abdominal on palpation and bowel sounds were weak, 2 to 3bpm. An x-ray and CT of her abdomen showed @entity1321 . The initial diagnosis was adhesive @entity1321 . She received surgical treatment because her symptoms had gradually become more frequent and persistent. But she vomited again 2 weeks later after the surgery. Further immunology tests indicated that she had an @entity8442 secondary to @entity1252 . We treated the @entity1 with @entity1667 pulse for 3 days and followed by @entity229 orally. The @entity1 had a good response. Complete remission was achieved on 8 years follow-up.The importance of @entity8442 secondary to @entity1252 lies in an early diagnosis. After the diagnosis is established, immunosuppressive therapy should be the initial and first-line treatment, and surgical intervention is often disappointing and should be carefully avoided. It is necessary to enhance awareness of doctors to @entity8442 secondary to @entity1252 .

title: XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting and abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal pseudo-obstruction', 'IPO']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness in the right']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Intestinal pseudo-obstruction in systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Recent evidence suggests that surgical @entity130 induces a @entity149 that contributes to and enhances @entity282 . These changes are also thought to be the underlying cause of much @entity1118 . @entity6220 is generated not only during surgery, but also postoperatively as a result of the inflammatory response to the damaged tissue. This knowledge provides a rational basis for pro-active, pre-emptive and postoperative analgesic strategies to reduce the neuronal barrage associated with tissue damage. Reduction or elimination of @entity282 is therefore possible. We advocate the use of continuous @entity616 for postoperative @entity1337 in @entity1 undergoing thoracotomy. When this is begun pre-emptively (by precutaneous, pre-incisional @entity616 ) it is combined with an opiate and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug premedication. In a randomised study of 56 @entity1 , @entity158 scores of less than 0.5 cm on a 10 cm scale were produced, postoperative lung function was preserved and @entity413 and @entity701 responses were significantly unchanged from preoperative values. Evidence that effective perioperative @entity1337 reduces the incidence of chronic post-thoracotomy chest wall @entity158 was found in a retrospective study of 1000 consecutive thoracotomies. The endpoints of a zero @entity158 score, complete preservation of preoperative lung function and prevention of the stress response to @entity130 are currently achievable and should be provided for virtually all @entity1 undergoing chest surgery. Pre-empting @entity158 must be the goal for all those involved in the postoperative care of @entity1 .

title: Has XXXX been eradicated?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['Central sensitisation']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['process of central nervous system sensitisation']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['paravertebral block', 'extrapleural intercostal nerve block']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This phase 1/2 study evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics (part 1) and efficacy and safety (part 2) of @entity31438 in Japanese Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic-phase (CP) or advanced-phase @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) @entity1 resistant/intolerant to previous @entity2213 (2L) or @entity2213 + @entity8947 / @entity10542 (3L). Based on dose-limiting @entity137 and previous studies, the part 2 @entity31438 starting dose was 500  mg/day (n  =  63). For CP @entity1860 2L (n  =  28), the cumulative major cytogenetic response (MCyR) rate by week 24 was 36  % (primary endpoint); the cumulative major molecular response (MMR) rate through the study was 43  %. Transformation to accelerated/blast phase (AP/BP) was observed in one @entity1 . Progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates at 96  weeks were 94 and 96  %, respectively. Of seven advanced-phase 2L @entity1 , one had confirmed complete hematologic response at week 84, and one had AP/BP transformation. PFS and @entity1349 rates at week 96 were 21 and 43  %. For 3L (n  =  11), cumulative MCyR rate by week 24 was 18  %; cumulative MMR rate was 18  %; no transformations occurred. Common non-hematologic adverse events (AEs) were @entity294 (95  %), @entity1910 (57  %), and @entity11266 (51  %). Sixteen @entity1 discontinued due to adverse events; no @entity204 occurred within 30  days of the last dose. @entity31438 500  mg/day demonstrated efficacy and manageable @entity137 in Japanese Ph+ @entity1860 @entity1 resistant/intolerant to @entity2213 .

title: A phase 1/2 study of XXXX in Japanese adults with @entity1860 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity31438 :: ('MESH:C471992', 'Chemical') :: ['bosutinib', 'Bosutinib']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['nilotinib']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity31438 :: (MESH:C471992,Chemical) :: ['bosutinib']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This phase 1/2 study evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics (part 1) and efficacy and safety (part 2) of @entity31438 in Japanese Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic-phase (CP) or advanced-phase @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) @entity1 resistant/intolerant to previous @entity2213 (2L) or @entity2213 + @entity8947 / @entity10542 (3L). Based on dose-limiting @entity137 and previous studies, the part 2 @entity31438 starting dose was 500  mg/day (n  =  63). For CP @entity1860 2L (n  =  28), the cumulative major cytogenetic response (MCyR) rate by week 24 was 36  % (primary endpoint); the cumulative major molecular response (MMR) rate through the study was 43  %. Transformation to accelerated/blast phase (AP/BP) was observed in one @entity1 . Progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates at 96  weeks were 94 and 96  %, respectively. Of seven advanced-phase 2L @entity1 , one had confirmed complete hematologic response at week 84, and one had AP/BP transformation. PFS and @entity1349 rates at week 96 were 21 and 43  %. For 3L (n  =  11), cumulative MCyR rate by week 24 was 18  %; cumulative MMR rate was 18  %; no transformations occurred. Common non-hematologic adverse events (AEs) were @entity294 (95  %), @entity1910 (57  %), and @entity11266 (51  %). Sixteen @entity1 discontinued due to adverse events; no @entity204 occurred within 30  days of the last dose. @entity31438 500  mg/day demonstrated efficacy and manageable @entity137 in Japanese Ph+ @entity1860 @entity1 resistant/intolerant to @entity2213 .

title: A phase 1/2 study of @entity31438 in Japanese adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with intervals of @entity1167 is a useful adjunct during operations on the descending thoracic aorta and distal aortic arch when severe @entity2333 precludes placement of clamps on the aorta. @entity2332 also has a marked protective effect on spinal cord function during periods of @entity432 . METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 (age range, 22 to 79 years) with descending @entity2333 had resection and graft replacement of the diseased aortic segments using hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and intervals of @entity1167 in situations where the location, extent, or severity of disease precluded placement of clamps on the proximal aorta (8 @entity1 ) or (in 43 @entity1 ) when extensive thoracic (11) or thoracoabdominal (32) @entity2333 was present and the risk for development of spinal cord @entity63 and @entity177 was judged to be increased. Patent intercostal (below T-6) and @entity432 were attached to the graft whenever possible. RESULTS: Thirty-day mortality was 9.8% (5 @entity1 ). @entity451 occurred in 2 and @entity1746 in 1 of the 46 30-day survivors (6.5%). Among the 27 operative survivors with @entity439 , @entity451 occurred in 1 of 12 with @entity196 (8%), 0 of 10 with type II, and 1 of 5 with @entity439 (20%). @entity451 occurred in none of the 12 @entity1 with @entity1580 and in 2 of the 15 @entity1 with @entity439 . @entity177 requiring dialysis occurred in 1 (2.2%) of the 46 30-day survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Hypothermic @entity1167 is a valuable adjunct for the treatment of complex @entity2333 involving the aortic arch and thoracoabdominal aorta. In @entity1 with @entity439 , its use has been associated with a low incidence of @entity177 and an incidence of @entity451 / @entity1746 in traditionally high-risk subsets (type I and II @entity439 , @entity1580 ), which may be less than that observed with other surgical techniques.

title: Hypothermic bypass and XXXX for operations on the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['Crawford type I']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aneurysms', 'aneurysms', 'type III aneurysms', 'degenerative aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['upper lumbar arteries', 'aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease', 'thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['Paraplegia', 'paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BackgroundNon-typeable @entity327 (NTHi) is a nasopharyngeal commensal that can become an opportunistic pathogen causing infections such as @entity2172 , @entity55 , and @entity3617 . NTHi is known to form biofilms. Resistance of bacterial biofilms to clearance by host defense mechanisms and antibiotic treatments is well-established. In the current study, we used stable isotope labeling by @entity1522 in cell culture (SILAC) to compare the proteomic profiles of NTHi biofilm and planktonic organisms. Duplicate continuous-flow growth chambers containing defined media with either   light   (L) @entity6778 or   heavy   (H) 13C6-labeled @entity6778 were used to grow planktonic (L) and biofilm (H) samples, respectively. Bacteria were removed from the chambers, mixed based on weight, and protein extracts were generated. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed on the tryptic peptides and 814 unique proteins were identified with 99% confidence.ResultsComparisons of the NTHi biofilm to planktonic samples demonstrated that 127 proteins showed differential expression with p-values   0.05. Pathway analysis demonstrated that proteins involved in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and @entity10043 , @entity7391 , @entity2353 , and @entity377 processes showed a general trend of downregulation in the biofilm compared to planktonic organisms. Conversely, proteins involved in transcription, DNA metabolism, and @entity844 and phospholipid metabolism showed a general trend of upregulation under biofilm conditions. Selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-MS was used to validate a subset of these proteins; among these were aerobic respiration control protein ArcA, @entity2125 nucleotidase and heme-binding protein A.ConclusionsThe present proteomic study indicates that the NTHi biofilm exists in a semi-dormant state with decreased energy metabolism and protein synthesis yet is still capable of managing oxidative stress and in acquiring necessary cofactors important for biofilm survival.

title: Comparative analyses of proteins from XXXX biofilm and planktonic populations using metabolic labeling and mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['otitis media']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lignin, a @entity35839 polymer present in secondary cell walls, has a negative impact on feed digestibility. TT8 and HB12 genes were shown to have low expression levels in low-lignin tissues of alfalfa, but to date, there has been no study on the effect of down-regulation of these two genes in alfalfa on nutrient chemical profiles and availability in ruminant livestock systems. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of transformation of alfalfa with TT8 and HB12 RNAi constructs on @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) structure and @entity435 nutritive value in ruminant livestock systems. The results showed that transformation with TT8 and HB12 RNAi constructs reduced rumen, rapidly degraded @entity435 fractions (RDCA4, P = 0.06; RDCB1, P < 0.01) and totally degraded @entity435 fraction (TRDCHO, P = 0.08). Both HB12 and TT8 populations had significantly higher in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) at 30 h of incubation (ivNDF30) compared to the control (P < 0.01). The TT8 populations had highest ivDM30 and ivNDF240. @entity4383 with TT8 and HB12 RNAi constructs induced molecular structure changes. Different @entity435 functional groups had different sensitivities and different responses to the transformation. The @entity435 molecular structure changes induced by the transformation were associated with predicted @entity435 availability. Compared with HB12 RNAi, transformation with TT8 RNAi could improve forage quality by increasing the availability of both NDF and @entity3918 . Further study is needed on the relationship between the transformation-induced structure changes at a molecular level and nutrient utilization in ruminant livestock systems when lignification is much higher.

title: Transformation with TT8 and HB12 RNAi Constructs in Model Forage (Medicago sativa, Alfalfa) Affects XXXX Structure and Metabolic Characteristics in Ruminant Livestock Systems.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['Transformation of alfalfa']

entities_list: @entity35839 :: ('CHEBI:26004', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylpropanoid']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recently, we could show that angiotensin II, the reactive peptide of the blood pressure-regulating renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 -system, causes the formation of reactive @entity26 species and DNA damage in kidneys and hearts of @entity101 @entity19 . To further investigate on the one hand the mechanism of DNA damage caused by angiotensin II, and on the other hand possible intervention strategies against end-organ damage, the effects of substances interfering with the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 -system on angiotensin II-induced genomic damage were studied. METHODS: In C57BL/6- @entity19 , @entity101 was induced by infusion of 600 ng/kg     min angiotensin II. The animals were additionally treated with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker @entity1564 , the mineralocorticoid receptor blocker @entity14292 and the antioxidant tempol. DNA damage and the activation of transcription factors were studied by immunohistochemistry and protein expression analysis. RESULTS: Administration of angiotensin II led to a significant increase of blood pressure, decreased only by @entity1564 . In kidneys and hearts of angiotensin II-treated animals, significant oxidative stress could be detected (1.5-fold over control). The redox-sensitive transcription factors @entity10182 and NF-kB were activated in the kidney by angiotensin II-treatment (4- and 3-fold over control, respectively) and reduced by all interventions. In kidneys and hearts an increase of DNA damage (3- and 2-fold over control, respectively) and of DNA repair (3-fold over control) was found. These effects were ameliorated by all interventions in both organs. Consistently, @entity1564 and @entity11933 were more effective than @entity14292 . CONCLUSION: @entity11502 -induced DNA damage is caused by angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated formation of oxidative stress in vivo. The angiotensin II-mediated physiological increase of @entity1369 adds to the DNA-damaging effects. Blocking angiotensin II and mineralocorticoid receptors therefore has beneficial effects on end-organ damage independent of blood pressure normalization.

title: Oxidative DNA Damage in Kidneys and Heart of XXXX @entity19 Is Prevented by Blocking Angiotensin II and @entity1369 Receptors.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14292 :: ('MESH:C414690', 'Chemical') :: ['eplerenone']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin II']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recently, we could show that angiotensin II, the reactive peptide of the blood pressure-regulating renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 -system, causes the formation of reactive @entity26 species and DNA damage in kidneys and hearts of @entity101 @entity19 . To further investigate on the one hand the mechanism of DNA damage caused by angiotensin II, and on the other hand possible intervention strategies against end-organ damage, the effects of substances interfering with the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 -system on angiotensin II-induced genomic damage were studied. METHODS: In C57BL/6- @entity19 , @entity101 was induced by infusion of 600 ng/kg     min angiotensin II. The animals were additionally treated with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker @entity1564 , the mineralocorticoid receptor blocker @entity14292 and the antioxidant tempol. DNA damage and the activation of transcription factors were studied by immunohistochemistry and protein expression analysis. RESULTS: Administration of angiotensin II led to a significant increase of blood pressure, decreased only by @entity1564 . In kidneys and hearts of angiotensin II-treated animals, significant oxidative stress could be detected (1.5-fold over control). The redox-sensitive transcription factors @entity10182 and NF-kB were activated in the kidney by angiotensin II-treatment (4- and 3-fold over control, respectively) and reduced by all interventions. In kidneys and hearts an increase of DNA damage (3- and 2-fold over control, respectively) and of DNA repair (3-fold over control) was found. These effects were ameliorated by all interventions in both organs. Consistently, @entity1564 and @entity11933 were more effective than @entity14292 . CONCLUSION: @entity11502 -induced DNA damage is caused by angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated formation of oxidative stress in vivo. The angiotensin II-mediated physiological increase of @entity1369 adds to the DNA-damaging effects. Blocking angiotensin II and mineralocorticoid receptors therefore has beneficial effects on end-organ damage independent of blood pressure normalization.

title: Oxidative DNA Damage in Kidneys and Heart of @entity101 @entity19 Is Prevented by Blocking Angiotensin II and XXXX Receptors.

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['Aldosterone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recently, we could show that angiotensin II, the reactive peptide of the blood pressure-regulating renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 -system, causes the formation of reactive @entity26 species and DNA damage in kidneys and hearts of @entity101 @entity19 . To further investigate on the one hand the mechanism of DNA damage caused by angiotensin II, and on the other hand possible intervention strategies against end-organ damage, the effects of substances interfering with the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 -system on angiotensin II-induced genomic damage were studied. METHODS: In C57BL/6- @entity19 , @entity101 was induced by infusion of 600 ng/kg     min angiotensin II. The animals were additionally treated with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker @entity1564 , the mineralocorticoid receptor blocker @entity14292 and the antioxidant tempol. DNA damage and the activation of transcription factors were studied by immunohistochemistry and protein expression analysis. RESULTS: Administration of angiotensin II led to a significant increase of blood pressure, decreased only by @entity1564 . In kidneys and hearts of angiotensin II-treated animals, significant oxidative stress could be detected (1.5-fold over control). The redox-sensitive transcription factors @entity10182 and NF-kB were activated in the kidney by angiotensin II-treatment (4- and 3-fold over control, respectively) and reduced by all interventions. In kidneys and hearts an increase of DNA damage (3- and 2-fold over control, respectively) and of DNA repair (3-fold over control) was found. These effects were ameliorated by all interventions in both organs. Consistently, @entity1564 and @entity11933 were more effective than @entity14292 . CONCLUSION: @entity11502 -induced DNA damage is caused by angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated formation of oxidative stress in vivo. The angiotensin II-mediated physiological increase of @entity1369 adds to the DNA-damaging effects. Blocking angiotensin II and mineralocorticoid receptors therefore has beneficial effects on end-organ damage independent of blood pressure normalization.

title: Oxidative DNA Damage in Kidneys and Heart of @entity101 XXXX Is Prevented by Blocking Angiotensin II and @entity1369 Receptors.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: On August 4, 2014, the Acute @entity166 Control Program of the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health received a report of three @entity5827 cases among football players at a county high school. An investigation was conducted to determine the extent of the outbreak, identify potential exposures, and recommend control measures. An outbreak-associated @entity5827 case was defined as an illness of any team or family member with onset during July 28-August 11 with 1) cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and negative bacterial culture or 2) an emergency department visit with @entity10 , @entity221 , and stiff neck. Ten cases were identified; nine in males, and one in a female; @entity1 ages ranged from 13 to 17 years. All the @entity1 sought care at an emergency department, and five were hospitalized, resulting in 12 total hospital days. All 10 @entity1 have recovered. Eight @entity1 were football players, and two were siblings of football players. The most affected subgroup was the junior varsity football team, with seven cases out of 57 players (attack rate = 12.3%); the relative risk for @entity5827 was higher among players who were linemen than among those who were not linemen (relative risk = 5.4 [p = 0.03]). Of the 10 @entity1 , eight tested positive by polymerase chain reaction for enterovirus, and two were not tested. Echovirus testing was performed at the California Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory. Of the eight specimens testing positive for enterovirus, seven tested positive for echovirus 30, and one specimen could not be typed because of insufficient quantity.

title: Notes from the field: XXXX outbreak associated with echovirus 30 among high school football players - los angeles county, california, 2014.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Communicable Disease']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity5827 :: (MESH:D008582,Disease) :: ['aseptic meningitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity72012 (Cys C) has been shown to be an excellent marker of renal function, especially when evaluating the early stages of @entity810 . It is less affected by age, gender, muscle mass, and ethnicity. The detection of Cys C is important and has broad application prospects. Therefore, we have developed a panel of monoclonal antibodies against Cys C that can be used to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and paired for further use in other methods of detecting Cys C. This study describes the preparation, application, and characterization of monoclonal antibodies used in ELISA. The antibodies were developed by @entity970 fusion of the SP2/0 cells with splenic B cells from Cys C immunized BALB/c mice. Antibody-producing cells were identified by ELISA and Western blot analysis. By way of cloning and screening, four hybridoma cell lines were established. Simultaneously large-scale monoclonal antibodies produced in @entity19 @entity843 were prepared. The results showed that the cell clone 8D12 could be used in immunohistochemical staining. With the ELISA additivity test, we got a preliminarily finding that the monoclonal antibodies were not on the same epitope. The antibody matching test showed that 5D7 and 7A8 successfully paired with 8D12, and the optimal reaction conditions were initially identified.

title: Preparation and Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody Against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity72012 :: (13010(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Cystatin C']


abstract: Primary @entity43 of the abdominal wall (AW-OCCC) is an extremely rare occurrence. Therefore, data on the prognosis and treatment regime remain limited. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to provide an evidence-based review of the available case reports to establish optimal surgical management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search according to PRISMA guidelines was performed using PubMed database (from 01.01.1990 to 31.12.2013) with the terms: " @entity1358 " and "abdominal wall". A total of 17 case reports on 18 @entity1 with full text available were identified. RESULTS: All AW-OCCC's appeared after previous laparotomy for gynecological reasons, with cesarean section as the predominant intervention (15/18, 83%). Median age was 46 years (range 37-56) and median time elapsed between the initial laparotomy and the @entity5 was 19 years (range 9-30). Data on the course of the disease were available for 17 cases. The overall median follow-up was 11 months (range 1-60). No cases of metastatic spread to the ovaries or the intraperitoneal cavity were observed. Eight @entity1 experienced recurrence (8/17, 47.1%). Metastatic lymph nodes appeared in 6 of the 8 relapsed @entity1 and local recurrence in the remaining 2 subjects. There were 4 fatal cases (4/17, 23.5%), including 3 with @entity5 spread. The @entity1 with @entity177 (recurrence or @entity204 ) more frequently developed lymph node @entity3 than the curable cases (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Radical resection of the @entity5 with concomitant pelvic lymph nodes dissection seems to be the most suitable surgical approach. The need for comprehensive intraperitoneal surgical staging for @entity43 is questionable.

title: Primary XXXX of the abdominal wall--a systematic review of the literature to establish optimal surgical management.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'lymphatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['treatment failure']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian clear cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In the mid-80's and 90's of the last century uterine-sparing surgical treatment methods were proposed to @entity1 wishing to preserve their fertility. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess practical application of conization or radical vaginal trachelectomy with laparoscopic lymphadenectomy in @entity1 with @entity1544 (FIGO stages IA and @entity3846 ) who want to retain their ability to procreate. Material and methods: A total of 119 @entity1 (aged 25-43 years) were included in the study Ninety-six @entity1 (60 - @entity9216 and 36 - @entity9217 ) were deemed eligible for conization and 23 @entity1 with stages @entity9217 and @entity3846 with neoplastic changes of <2cm in diameter were qualified for radical vaginal trachelectomy with laparoscopic lymphadenectomy RESULTS: Conization was not radical in 9 cases and these @entity1 were reoperated. A 5-year follow-up in @entity1 after @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in 3 @entity9216 cases (6.5%), and 2 @entity9217 cases (9.1%). In @entity1 with follow-up of <5 years, no recurrence was observed in 9 out of 10 A1 cases. Similarly there was no recurrence in 7 out of 9 lA2 cases. A 5-year follow-up in @entity1 after trachelectomy @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in 1 @entity9217 case (6.25%). There was no disease recurrence in 2 @entity9216 cases and 4 @entity3846 cases. Out of 8 subjects staged 1A2 with a follow-up of <5 years, no disease recurrence was observed in 7 (87.5%) @entity1 . During the same follow-up time, no disease recurrence was detected in 3 @entity1 staged @entity3846 . CONCLUSIONS: Proper uterine-sparing treatment with appropriate qualification guarantees adequate control of the treatment process in @entity1 with @entity5 stages IA and @entity3846 (<2 cm in diameter) according to FIGO.

title: [Conization and radical vaginal trachelectomy with laparoscopic lymphadenectomy in fertility-sparing surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['confirmed disease recurrence', 'conization revealed disease recurrence', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Previous studies in the @entity35 using electron probe microanalysis have suggested that most of the @entity141 in alveolar space is probably derived from secreted lamellar bodies (LB). However, the LB @entity141 content in cultured @entity35 type II cells is low and unaltered by @entity619 supplementation. In this study, we examined LB @entity141 content in adult @entity1 lung and cultured explants of fetal lung treated with hormones to promote type II cell differentiation. Lung tissue of 20 to 24 wk of gestation was cultured for 4 to 6 days without hormone and with @entity619 (10 nM), @entity1954 (2 nM), @entity5987 (0.1 mM), or their combinations. The cultured tissue samples were processed for light and electron microscopy or rapidly frozen and stored in @entity38249 under liquid @entity1568 . Thin cryosections from the frozen samples were prepared and examined using the electron probe microanalysis. @entity1 lung tissue up to 24 wk of gestational age had no detectable LB before explant culture. Explants cultured for 4 days without hormone supplementation (control) had no detectable LB, single-hormone treatments resulted in small LB, and combination treatments resulted in the formation of many large LB in explant type II cells. Despite such morphologic changes, LB @entity141 in both control and hormone-treated explants was low (overall mean, 4.1 +/- 0.6; P < 0.05) compared with LB of in situ @entity35 and adult @entity1 lung (30 +/- 2 and 27 +/- 1.5 mmol/kg dry wt, respectively) and was similar to that found in cultured @entity35 type II cells. LB @entity3151 and @entity599 under all explant culture conditions were comparable. These observations indicate that @entity1 and @entity35 LB elemental compositions are similar and that optimal in vitro conditions with respect to LB @entity141 metabolism have not been established.

title: Elemental composition of lamellar bodies from fetal and adult XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5987 :: ('MESH:D015124', 'Chemical') :: ['8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: Intramuscular botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) injections reduce @entity508 by blocking neurotransmission at the motor endplate (MEP). The goal of this study was to assess the reduction in @entity508 achieved by injecting BoNT-A at different sites of the gracilis muscle. METHOD: Thirty-four gracilis muscles, in 27 @entity1 (10 females and 17 males, mean age of 8.6y [SD 2.5y]) with @entity306 (unilateral and bilateral, Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I-IV), were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In one group BoNT-A was injected proximally (at a site 25% of the distance from the pubic tubercle and the medial epicondyle) and in the other it was injected at the MEP zones (half of the dose was administered at 30% of this distance and half at 60%). Spasticity was assessed before and after BoNT-A injection using simultaneous measurements of surface electromyography (sEMG) and angular velocity during passive muscle stretch applied at different velocities. The primary outcome measure included the velocity-dependent change in average root mean square electromyography (RMS-EMG). Secondary outcome was assessed with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ). RESULTS: Spasticity decreased more in MEP-targeted muscles than in proximally injected muscles, as demonstrated by a larger reduction in average RMS-EMG values (p=0.04), though this difference was not found with the MAS or @entity2653 . INTERPRETATION: The results suggest that BoNT-A injection of the gracilis at sites with a high concentration of MEPs is effective at reducing @entity508 . These preliminary findings should be confirmed by larger studies. In the case of long muscles, such as the gracilis, the injection site is important.

title: Motor endplate-targeted botulinum toxin injections of the gracilis muscle in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Modified Tardieu Scale', 'MTS']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: AIM: Intramuscular botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) injections reduce @entity508 by blocking neurotransmission at the motor endplate (MEP). The goal of this study was to assess the reduction in @entity508 achieved by injecting BoNT-A at different sites of the gracilis muscle. METHOD: Thirty-four gracilis muscles, in 27 @entity1 (10 females and 17 males, mean age of 8.6y [SD 2.5y]) with @entity306 (unilateral and bilateral, Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I-IV), were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In one group BoNT-A was injected proximally (at a site 25% of the distance from the pubic tubercle and the medial epicondyle) and in the other it was injected at the MEP zones (half of the dose was administered at 30% of this distance and half at 60%). Spasticity was assessed before and after BoNT-A injection using simultaneous measurements of surface electromyography (sEMG) and angular velocity during passive muscle stretch applied at different velocities. The primary outcome measure included the velocity-dependent change in average root mean square electromyography (RMS-EMG). Secondary outcome was assessed with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ). RESULTS: Spasticity decreased more in MEP-targeted muscles than in proximally injected muscles, as demonstrated by a larger reduction in average RMS-EMG values (p=0.04), though this difference was not found with the MAS or @entity2653 . INTERPRETATION: The results suggest that BoNT-A injection of the gracilis at sites with a high concentration of MEPs is effective at reducing @entity508 . These preliminary findings should be confirmed by larger studies. In the case of long muscles, such as the gracilis, the injection site is important.

title: Motor endplate-targeted botulinum toxin injections of the gracilis muscle in XXXX with @entity306 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: India is currently witnessing rising numbers of @entity1 in the middle-class who are @entity28 . A lot of the Indian population has started relying on processed foods that contain a huge percentage of trans-fat, @entity3363 , and other unhealthy and artificial ingredients. @entity28 is considered the core of many diseases. Increased weight carries significant health risks for some @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity299 and @entity64 . Junk food, @entity167 and sedentary lifestyle are leading us to silent self destruction, making one in every five Indian @entity1 and @entity1 either @entity28 or overweight. AIM: To determine the effect of Gomutra Haritaki on Sthaulya. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational pilot study on the effect of Gomutra Haritaki, diet control and exercise in the management of Sthaulya ( @entity28 ) was conducted on 21 @entity1 . Enrolled @entity1 were screened on the basis of clinical findings and allocated into two groups. Trial group received Gomutra Haritaki (6 g/day in three divided doses) while control group received placebo capsules in the same dose for 8 weeks. RESULT: Statistically highly significant relief was found in weight reduction (P < 0.001), and body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.01) in both groups. Control group has shown better results against trial group. CONCLUSION: These results prove the impact of diet and exercise in the management of Sthaulya.

title: An observational pilot study on the effect of Gomutra Haritaki, diet control and exercise in the management of Sthaulya ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of a structured very low calorie diet (VLCD) @entity353 /weight maintenance behaviour programme on weight maintenance in @entity28 @entity1 (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled intervention trial. SETTING: University out- @entity1 @entity28 clinic. SUBJECTS: A total of 114 @entity28 @entity1 from the waiting list were invited to participate in the structured @entity353 /weight maintenance programme lasting for 64 weeks. Sixty @entity1 agreed to participate. INTERVENTION: All 60 @entity1 were placed on a Cambridge 330 kcal day-1 diet during the first 12 weeks. Fifty-two were subsequently randomized to either a well balanced hypocaloric diet (1600 kcal day-1), of which 220 kcal were provided by two sachets of Cambridge diet (group 1), or the same energy provided by the same principal diet (group 2) during the following 52-week weight maintenance period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: During the VLCD period, the mean body weight decreased significantly from 112.4 +/- 19.8 to 91.6 +/- 17.7 kg (P < 0.0001). Seventy-one per cent of the weight loss was fat. During the weight maintenance period the average body weight increased significantly in group 1: 8.0 +/- 8.2 vs. 12.3 +/- 9.7 kg in group 2 (P < 0.0001). After the 64-week treatment period the mean body weight in group 1 was 93.7 +/- 18.1 kg and significantly lower compared to 109.9 +/- 23.8 kg in group 2 (P = 0.008). Compliance was high: 87% completed the VLCD period and 75% completed the whole 64-week treatment programme. CONCLUSION: Very low calorie diet as part of the dietary allowance during the weight maintenance programme partly prevents @entity353 . This finding can be translated into practical treatment recommendations.

title: Weight maintenance after a very low calorie diet (VLCD) XXXX period and the effects of VLCD supplementation. A prospective, randomized, comparative, controlled long-term trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight regain', 'weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight reduction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5721 ( @entity5721 ) is a common phenomenon occurring during liver surgery, transplantation, and @entity130 . @entity5721 causes oxidative stress which plays a critical role in causing organ damage. The @entity4027 is the master regulator of numerous genes, encoding antioxidant, detoxifying, and cytoprotective molecules. @entity4027 dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders, @entity5 , and aging. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of @entity4027 pathway activator (dh404) on warm liver @entity5721 in a rodent model. METHODS: Ten @entity35 were treated with dh404 or vehicle. Dh404 was dissolved in @entity5420 oil and was given orally (1.5mg/kg) the night before and 5 hours before procedures. @entity35 livers were subjected to 60 minutes of 70% @entity63 followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. Serum ALT and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) were determined and liver tissue was processed for histological examination, and determination of apoptosis, @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity, @entity857 / @entity855 ratio, and expressions of @entity4027 , eNOS, anti-oxidant enzymes, and inflammatory mediators. RESULTS: Serum ALT and @entity1865 levels and tissue @entity1589 activity were significantly lower, expression of the anti-oxidant enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase were significantly higher, whereas expression of @entity14185 and @entity4665 was unchanged in the dh404-treated group. Although the total @entity6953 histology score did not differ significantly, the extent of sinusoidal congestion, vacuolization, and apoptosis was significantly reduced in the dh404 treated compared to the untreated group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-treatment with dh404 resulted in partial attenuation of @entity99 reperfusion injury in @entity35 .

title: Salutary effect of pre-treatment with an XXXX inducer on @entity63 reperfusion injury in the @entity35 liver.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['IRI', 'Ischemia-reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity4027 :: (83619(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Nrf2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5721 ( @entity5721 ) is a common phenomenon occurring during liver surgery, transplantation, and @entity130 . @entity5721 causes oxidative stress which plays a critical role in causing organ damage. The @entity4027 is the master regulator of numerous genes, encoding antioxidant, detoxifying, and cytoprotective molecules. @entity4027 dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders, @entity5 , and aging. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of @entity4027 pathway activator (dh404) on warm liver @entity5721 in a rodent model. METHODS: Ten @entity35 were treated with dh404 or vehicle. Dh404 was dissolved in @entity5420 oil and was given orally (1.5mg/kg) the night before and 5 hours before procedures. @entity35 livers were subjected to 60 minutes of 70% @entity63 followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. Serum ALT and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) were determined and liver tissue was processed for histological examination, and determination of apoptosis, @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity, @entity857 / @entity855 ratio, and expressions of @entity4027 , eNOS, anti-oxidant enzymes, and inflammatory mediators. RESULTS: Serum ALT and @entity1865 levels and tissue @entity1589 activity were significantly lower, expression of the anti-oxidant enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase were significantly higher, whereas expression of @entity14185 and @entity4665 was unchanged in the dh404-treated group. Although the total @entity6953 histology score did not differ significantly, the extent of sinusoidal congestion, vacuolization, and apoptosis was significantly reduced in the dh404 treated compared to the untreated group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-treatment with dh404 resulted in partial attenuation of @entity99 reperfusion injury in @entity35 .

title: Salutary effect of pre-treatment with an @entity4027 inducer on XXXX reperfusion injury in the @entity35 liver.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5721 ( @entity5721 ) is a common phenomenon occurring during liver surgery, transplantation, and @entity130 . @entity5721 causes oxidative stress which plays a critical role in causing organ damage. The @entity4027 is the master regulator of numerous genes, encoding antioxidant, detoxifying, and cytoprotective molecules. @entity4027 dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders, @entity5 , and aging. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of @entity4027 pathway activator (dh404) on warm liver @entity5721 in a rodent model. METHODS: Ten @entity35 were treated with dh404 or vehicle. Dh404 was dissolved in @entity5420 oil and was given orally (1.5mg/kg) the night before and 5 hours before procedures. @entity35 livers were subjected to 60 minutes of 70% @entity63 followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. Serum ALT and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) were determined and liver tissue was processed for histological examination, and determination of apoptosis, @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity, @entity857 / @entity855 ratio, and expressions of @entity4027 , eNOS, anti-oxidant enzymes, and inflammatory mediators. RESULTS: Serum ALT and @entity1865 levels and tissue @entity1589 activity were significantly lower, expression of the anti-oxidant enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase were significantly higher, whereas expression of @entity14185 and @entity4665 was unchanged in the dh404-treated group. Although the total @entity6953 histology score did not differ significantly, the extent of sinusoidal congestion, vacuolization, and apoptosis was significantly reduced in the dh404 treated compared to the untreated group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-treatment with dh404 resulted in partial attenuation of @entity99 reperfusion injury in @entity35 .

title: Salutary effect of pre-treatment with an @entity4027 inducer on @entity63 reperfusion injury in the XXXX liver.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. PURPOSE: To compare clinical and radiological outcomes between bilateral C2 pedicle screwing (C2PS) and unilateral C2PS, combined with contralateral C2 laminar screwing (LS), for @entity9807 . OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Posterior fixation with C1 lateral mass screwing (C1LMS) and C2PS (C1LMS-C2PS method) is an accepted procedure for rigid atlantoaxial stabilization. However, conventional bilateral C2PS is not always allowed in this method due to anatomical variations of C2 pedicles and/or asymmetry of the vertebral artery. Although unilateral C2PS plus contralateral LS (C2PS+LS) is an alternative in such cases, the efficacy of this procedure has not been evaluated in controlled studies (i.e., with bilateral C2PS as a control). METHODS: Clinical and radiological records of @entity1 who underwent the C1LMS-C2PS method, using unilateral C2PS+LS (n=9), and those treated using conventional bilateral C2PS (n=10) were compared, with a minimum two years follow-up. RESULTS: @entity260 related to the unilateral C2PS+LS technique included one case of spontaneous spinous process @entity174 of C2. A C1 anterior arch @entity174 occurred after a fall in one @entity1 , who underwent bilateral @entity6746 laminectomy. No significant differences were seen between the groups in @entity4048 after surgery or improvement of neurological status, as evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. A delayed union occurred in one @entity1 each of the groups, with the final fusion rate being 100% in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and radiological outcomes of unilateral C2PS+LS were comparable with those of the bilateral C2PS fixation technique for the C1LMS-C2PS method.

title: Comparison between Bilateral C2 Pedicle Screwing and Unilateral C2 Pedicle Screwing, Combined with Contralateral C2 Laminar Screwing, for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of neck pain']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['posterior atlantoaxial fixation']

answer: @entity9807 :: (MESH:C538196,Disease) :: ['Atlantoaxial Posterior Fixation']


abstract: A 44-year-old male presented with symptoms of @entity1745 secondary to metastatic @entity263 . An urgent decompression at the cervical-thoracic region was performed, and there were no complications intraoperatively. Three hours postoperatively, the @entity1 developed acute bilateral lower-limb @entity912 (motor grade 0). Clinically, he was in class 3 @entity1457 . An urgent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, showing no epidural @entity1410 . He was managed aggressively with medical therapy to improve his spinal cord perfusion. The @entity1 improved significantly, and after one week, he was able to regain most of his motor functions. Although not commonly reported, @entity2759 post-surgery should be recognized early, especially in the presence of @entity1457 . MRI should be performed to exclude other potential causes of compression. @entity2759 needs to be managed aggressively with medical treatment to improve spinal cord perfusion. The prognosis depends on the severity of deficits, and is usually favorable.

title: XXXX secondary to @entity1457 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord ischemia', 'spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity2759 :: (MESH:D020760,Disease) :: ['Spinal cord ischemia']


abstract: A 44-year-old male presented with symptoms of @entity1745 secondary to metastatic @entity263 . An urgent decompression at the cervical-thoracic region was performed, and there were no complications intraoperatively. Three hours postoperatively, the @entity1 developed acute bilateral lower-limb @entity912 (motor grade 0). Clinically, he was in class 3 @entity1457 . An urgent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, showing no epidural @entity1410 . He was managed aggressively with medical therapy to improve his spinal cord perfusion. The @entity1 improved significantly, and after one week, he was able to regain most of his motor functions. Although not commonly reported, @entity2759 post-surgery should be recognized early, especially in the presence of @entity1457 . MRI should be performed to exclude other potential causes of compression. @entity2759 needs to be managed aggressively with medical treatment to improve spinal cord perfusion. The prognosis depends on the severity of deficits, and is usually favorable.

title: @entity2759 secondary to XXXX .

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['hypovolemic shock']


abstract: @entity3927 (600 mg) in combination with a prostaglandin has been demonstrated to be a safe, acceptable alternative to vacuum aspiration for induction of abortion in the first 9 weeks of pregnancy. However, the efficacy and side-effects of different @entity2918 used in combination with @entity3927 have not been assessed in a randomized trial. In this study, 800 @entity1 seeking an abortion at gestational age < or = 63 days @entity4999 were randomized to receive either 0.5 mg gemeprost by vaginal pessary (group I) or 600 micrograms @entity396 (group II) by mouth approximately 48 h after taking 200 mg @entity3927 by mouth. The side-effects and number of complete abortions were used as measures of efficacy. There was no significant difference in the rate of complete abortion between group I [96.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 94.9-98.5%, n = 391] and group II (94.6%; 95% CI 92.3-96.9, n = 386). It was not possible to assess the outcome with certainty in the remaining 23 @entity1 . However, there were significantly more ongoing pregnancies in the @entity1 who received @entity396 than in those who received gemeprost (nine versus one, P < 0.01) and in eight of these 10 @entity1 the gestation was > 49 days. Fewer @entity1 in group II required analgesia than in group I (48 versus 60%, P < 0.001) although the number requesting opiate was similar in each group (6.9 versus 5.2%, P > 0.4). The incidence of @entity390 and @entity391 after @entity396 (47.8 and 21.9% respectively) was higher (P < 0.001) than after gemeprost (33.9 and 12% respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Randomized trial of @entity396 and cervagem in combination with a reduced dose of XXXX for induction of abortion.

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['Mifepristone', 'mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['mifepristone']


abstract: @entity3927 (600 mg) in combination with a prostaglandin has been demonstrated to be a safe, acceptable alternative to vacuum aspiration for induction of abortion in the first 9 weeks of pregnancy. However, the efficacy and side-effects of different @entity2918 used in combination with @entity3927 have not been assessed in a randomized trial. In this study, 800 @entity1 seeking an abortion at gestational age < or = 63 days @entity4999 were randomized to receive either 0.5 mg gemeprost by vaginal pessary (group I) or 600 micrograms @entity396 (group II) by mouth approximately 48 h after taking 200 mg @entity3927 by mouth. The side-effects and number of complete abortions were used as measures of efficacy. There was no significant difference in the rate of complete abortion between group I [96.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 94.9-98.5%, n = 391] and group II (94.6%; 95% CI 92.3-96.9, n = 386). It was not possible to assess the outcome with certainty in the remaining 23 @entity1 . However, there were significantly more ongoing pregnancies in the @entity1 who received @entity396 than in those who received gemeprost (nine versus one, P < 0.01) and in eight of these 10 @entity1 the gestation was > 49 days. Fewer @entity1 in group II required analgesia than in group I (48 versus 60%, P < 0.001) although the number requesting opiate was similar in each group (6.9 versus 5.2%, P > 0.4). The incidence of @entity390 and @entity391 after @entity396 (47.8 and 21.9% respectively) was higher (P < 0.001) than after gemeprost (33.9 and 12% respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Randomized trial of XXXX and cervagem in combination with a reduced dose of @entity3927 for induction of abortion.

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: The effects of @entity4770 , @entity3931 , and @entity1855 on local cerebral pH (LCpH) and CBF (LCBF) in @entity2500 ( @entity2500 )-occluded @entity35 were compared with those in controls and others receiving @entity3931 carrier. LCpH and LCBF were determined simultaneously by a double-label autoradiographic technique. The infusions were intravenous, started 15 min following the occlusion, and ended at decapitation 4 h postocclusion. The dosages were 0.5 micrograms/kg/min for @entity3931 , 40 micrograms/kg/min for @entity1855 , and 5 ng/kg/min for @entity4770 . Cortical LCpH in the @entity2500 territory of control and carrier-infused @entity35 varied between 6.72 +/- 0.05 and 6.76 +/- 0.05 (means +/- SEM). These values were significantly lower than the LCpH in the same structures in the contralateral hemisphere (7.09 +/- 0.06; p less than 0.05). LCBF on the side of occlusion varied between 54 +/- 5 ml/100 g/min for the parietal and 57 +/- 7 ml/100 g/min for the sensorimotor cortex, while on the contralateral side, LCBF in these same structures was 190 +/- 18 and 191 +/- 4 ml/100 g/min, respectively. LCpH was not modified by @entity4770 treatment following @entity2500 occlusion, but the pH in the structures that were acidotic in the controls became indistinguishable from contralateral values in @entity3931 - and @entity1855 -treated animals. In contrast, LCBF was statistically higher than controls in many structures only in @entity35 treated with @entity4770 . This suggested that the correction of LCpH produced by @entity460 blockers was not related to an effect they had on blood flow. Animals receiving @entity460 blockers tended to have smaller areas of @entity1188 . These results may have therapeutic implications in @entity2806 .

title: Cerebral acidosis in focal ischemia: II. @entity3931 and XXXX normalize cerebral pH following @entity2500 in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery', 'MCA']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: The effects of @entity4770 , @entity3931 , and @entity1855 on local cerebral pH (LCpH) and CBF (LCBF) in @entity2500 ( @entity2500 )-occluded @entity35 were compared with those in controls and others receiving @entity3931 carrier. LCpH and LCBF were determined simultaneously by a double-label autoradiographic technique. The infusions were intravenous, started 15 min following the occlusion, and ended at decapitation 4 h postocclusion. The dosages were 0.5 micrograms/kg/min for @entity3931 , 40 micrograms/kg/min for @entity1855 , and 5 ng/kg/min for @entity4770 . Cortical LCpH in the @entity2500 territory of control and carrier-infused @entity35 varied between 6.72 +/- 0.05 and 6.76 +/- 0.05 (means +/- SEM). These values were significantly lower than the LCpH in the same structures in the contralateral hemisphere (7.09 +/- 0.06; p less than 0.05). LCBF on the side of occlusion varied between 54 +/- 5 ml/100 g/min for the parietal and 57 +/- 7 ml/100 g/min for the sensorimotor cortex, while on the contralateral side, LCBF in these same structures was 190 +/- 18 and 191 +/- 4 ml/100 g/min, respectively. LCpH was not modified by @entity4770 treatment following @entity2500 occlusion, but the pH in the structures that were acidotic in the controls became indistinguishable from contralateral values in @entity3931 - and @entity1855 -treated animals. In contrast, LCBF was statistically higher than controls in many structures only in @entity35 treated with @entity4770 . This suggested that the correction of LCpH produced by @entity460 blockers was not related to an effect they had on blood flow. Animals receiving @entity460 blockers tended to have smaller areas of @entity1188 . These results may have therapeutic implications in @entity2806 .

title: Cerebral acidosis in focal ischemia: II. XXXX and @entity1855 normalize cerebral pH following @entity2500 in the @entity35 .

answer: @entity3931 :: (MESH:D009553,Chemical) :: ['Nimodipine']


abstract: The effects of @entity4770 , @entity3931 , and @entity1855 on local cerebral pH (LCpH) and CBF (LCBF) in @entity2500 ( @entity2500 )-occluded @entity35 were compared with those in controls and others receiving @entity3931 carrier. LCpH and LCBF were determined simultaneously by a double-label autoradiographic technique. The infusions were intravenous, started 15 min following the occlusion, and ended at decapitation 4 h postocclusion. The dosages were 0.5 micrograms/kg/min for @entity3931 , 40 micrograms/kg/min for @entity1855 , and 5 ng/kg/min for @entity4770 . Cortical LCpH in the @entity2500 territory of control and carrier-infused @entity35 varied between 6.72 +/- 0.05 and 6.76 +/- 0.05 (means +/- SEM). These values were significantly lower than the LCpH in the same structures in the contralateral hemisphere (7.09 +/- 0.06; p less than 0.05). LCBF on the side of occlusion varied between 54 +/- 5 ml/100 g/min for the parietal and 57 +/- 7 ml/100 g/min for the sensorimotor cortex, while on the contralateral side, LCBF in these same structures was 190 +/- 18 and 191 +/- 4 ml/100 g/min, respectively. LCpH was not modified by @entity4770 treatment following @entity2500 occlusion, but the pH in the structures that were acidotic in the controls became indistinguishable from contralateral values in @entity3931 - and @entity1855 -treated animals. In contrast, LCBF was statistically higher than controls in many structures only in @entity35 treated with @entity4770 . This suggested that the correction of LCpH produced by @entity460 blockers was not related to an effect they had on blood flow. Animals receiving @entity460 blockers tended to have smaller areas of @entity1188 . These results may have therapeutic implications in @entity2806 .

title: Cerebral acidosis in focal ischemia: II. @entity3931 and @entity1855 normalize cerebral pH following XXXX in the @entity35 .

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']


abstract: The effects of @entity4770 , @entity3931 , and @entity1855 on local cerebral pH (LCpH) and CBF (LCBF) in @entity2500 ( @entity2500 )-occluded @entity35 were compared with those in controls and others receiving @entity3931 carrier. LCpH and LCBF were determined simultaneously by a double-label autoradiographic technique. The infusions were intravenous, started 15 min following the occlusion, and ended at decapitation 4 h postocclusion. The dosages were 0.5 micrograms/kg/min for @entity3931 , 40 micrograms/kg/min for @entity1855 , and 5 ng/kg/min for @entity4770 . Cortical LCpH in the @entity2500 territory of control and carrier-infused @entity35 varied between 6.72 +/- 0.05 and 6.76 +/- 0.05 (means +/- SEM). These values were significantly lower than the LCpH in the same structures in the contralateral hemisphere (7.09 +/- 0.06; p less than 0.05). LCBF on the side of occlusion varied between 54 +/- 5 ml/100 g/min for the parietal and 57 +/- 7 ml/100 g/min for the sensorimotor cortex, while on the contralateral side, LCBF in these same structures was 190 +/- 18 and 191 +/- 4 ml/100 g/min, respectively. LCpH was not modified by @entity4770 treatment following @entity2500 occlusion, but the pH in the structures that were acidotic in the controls became indistinguishable from contralateral values in @entity3931 - and @entity1855 -treated animals. In contrast, LCBF was statistically higher than controls in many structures only in @entity35 treated with @entity4770 . This suggested that the correction of LCpH produced by @entity460 blockers was not related to an effect they had on blood flow. Animals receiving @entity460 blockers tended to have smaller areas of @entity1188 . These results may have therapeutic implications in @entity2806 .

title: Cerebral acidosis in focal ischemia: II. @entity3931 and @entity1855 normalize cerebral pH following @entity2500 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Solutions of @entity21639 were administered to @entity35 by intratracheal instillations over a period of 30 months. Dosage was 0.01, 0.05 or 0.25 mg/kg, five times a week, or 0.05, 0.25 or 1.25 mg/kg once a week. Each group consisted of 40 male and 40 female @entity35 . Groups left untreated or given saline served as negative controls. The highest chromate dose proved to be within the range of the maximum tolerable amount. The main determinant of effect was the concentration of @entity16774 instilled, not the total dose per week. Non-neoplastic @entity358 , which occurred predominantly in the highest dose group, were fibrotic regions containing residual distorted bronchiolar lumens or cellular inflammatory foci containing alveolar macrophages, proliferated epithelium and chronic inflammatory thickening of @entity133 . Fourteen @entity35 given 1.25 mg/kg @entity21639 had a total of 20 @entity5 (12 benign, 8 malignant). One @entity35 given 0.25 mg/kg once a week had a @entity5 . @entity5 were generally small and were non-fatal. A comparable solution of @entity460 chromate, which was tested at the two highest dose levels, had virtually the same effect. The positive controls, @entity3014 and @entity72013 , induced a high rate of fatal @entity5 in the respiratory tract.

title: Carcinogenicity study with XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity72013 :: ('MESH:C001036', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylcarbamyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity21639 :: ('MESH:C016104', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dichromate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'malignant tumours', 'lung tumours', 'malignant tumour']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar septa']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity16774 :: ('CHEBI:35404', 'Chemical') :: ['chromate']

answer: @entity21639 :: (MESH:C016104,Chemical) :: ['sodium dichromate']


abstract: Solutions of @entity21639 were administered to @entity35 by intratracheal instillations over a period of 30 months. Dosage was 0.01, 0.05 or 0.25 mg/kg, five times a week, or 0.05, 0.25 or 1.25 mg/kg once a week. Each group consisted of 40 male and 40 female @entity35 . Groups left untreated or given saline served as negative controls. The highest chromate dose proved to be within the range of the maximum tolerable amount. The main determinant of effect was the concentration of @entity16774 instilled, not the total dose per week. Non-neoplastic @entity358 , which occurred predominantly in the highest dose group, were fibrotic regions containing residual distorted bronchiolar lumens or cellular inflammatory foci containing alveolar macrophages, proliferated epithelium and chronic inflammatory thickening of @entity133 . Fourteen @entity35 given 1.25 mg/kg @entity21639 had a total of 20 @entity5 (12 benign, 8 malignant). One @entity35 given 0.25 mg/kg once a week had a @entity5 . @entity5 were generally small and were non-fatal. A comparable solution of @entity460 chromate, which was tested at the two highest dose levels, had virtually the same effect. The positive controls, @entity3014 and @entity72013 , induced a high rate of fatal @entity5 in the respiratory tract.

title: Carcinogenicity study with @entity21639 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: SUMMARY: Improved diagnostic methods and medical therapies are necessary for early detection and treatment and an improved prognosis. It is thus vital to both examine and evaluate the role of the various existing proteins as biomarkers in @entity105 and to assess the contribution of these proteins in anti- @entity5 activity, for consideration in therapeutic strategies. It is essential to both examine and evaluate the role of the various existing proteins as biomarkers in @entity105 and to assess the contribution of these proteins in anti- @entity5 activity, for consideration in therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this review is twofold. Firstly, it is to evaluate recent data about which proteins can be utilized as biomarkers in @entity105 . The proteins reviewed include: @entity72014 , @entity650 , CCN, and S100. Secondly, it is to evaluate the contribution of dietary proteins in @entity5 activity. Specifically, how whey protein, soy proteins and lectin, a phytochemical could be useful in @entity5 prevention and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Whey protein, present in dairy products, is an excellent source of the sulphur amino acid cysteine, the rate limiting substrate in @entity2041 synthesis. Notably, this protein survives digestion and has been shown to have anti-carcinogenic properties in animal studies. Lectins are phytochemicals present in plant foods, and have active components which alters @entity5 initiation, promotion and progression. Lectins have been characterized as a useful tool in biochemistry, cell biology, immunology and in diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in @entity5 research. Soy proteins contain various compounds, including @entity6400 , protease inhibitors and protein kinase inhibitors, which have been proven effective in @entity5 growth inhibition. They have therefore, been greatly emphasized in @entity5 prevention and treatment. It has been proved that soy food consumption was associated with decreased risk of @entity204 and recurrence of @entity0 . @entity72014 is a recently discovered protein whose main role is to transport C1P, a pro-inflammatory molecule. The discovery of @entity72014 may shine a light on the mechanism of inflammatory diseases, and hopefully offer a potential target for therapeutic purposes in @entity5 research. @entity650 is a multifunctional cytokine that affects the activity of @entity5 cells. It is involved in @entity5 growth, and elevated levels is associated with an increased risk of @entity5 . S100B is a well-established biomarker for @entity320 , and useful in assessing @entity5 load, stage and prognosis for @entity1 with this disease. Other members of this family of proteins include @entity12848 , which has been associated with several @entity5 and @entity13063 , which has been found to be decreased in some @entity5 . CCN are a group of regulatory proteins, located in the extracellular matrix (maricellular). They are involved in cellular adhesion, mitogenesis, chemotaxis, cell survival, and wound healing. CCN proteins are also able to modulate the signals of several proteins, which may also influence skeletal development and angiogenesis. Many of the functions of these proteins are thus also related to @entity5 growth. Furthermore, CCN interacts with @entity172 in the development of @entity5 , and is implicated in some @entity5344 .

title: Use of proteins as biomarkers and their role in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: Chiral gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) exhibit attracting properties owing to their unique physical and chemical properties. Herein we report for the first time chiral gold nanoclusters' @entity137 and potential molecular mechanism. The L-glutathione (i.e. L-GSH) and D-glutathione (i.e. D-GSH)-capped Au NCs were prepared and characterized by HRTEM, UV-vis, photoluminescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Results showed that the CD spectra of L-glutathione (i.e. L-GSH) and D-glutathione (i.e. D-GSH)-capped Au NCs exhibited multiple bands which were identically mirror-imaged, demonstrating that the chirality of @entity2197 -capped NCs had contributions from both the metal core and the ligand. The effects of AuNCs@L- @entity2197 and AuNCs@D-GSH on cells were similar based on the cell physiology related @entity137 , although the effects became more prominent in AuNCs@D-GSH treated cells, including ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Global gene expression and pathway analysis displayed that both AuNCs@L- @entity2197 and AuNCs@D- @entity2197 caused the up-regulation of genes involved in cellular rescue and stress response, while AuNCs@D- @entity2197 individually induced up-regulation of transcripts involved in some metabolic- and biosynthetic-related response. MGC-803 cells were more sensitive to the oxidative stress damage induced by chiral Au NCs than GES-1 cells, which was associated with @entity4191 hypermethylation. In conclusion, chiral gold nanoclusters exhibit this chirality-associated regulation of @entity137 , different gene expression profiling and epigenetic changes should be responsible for observed phenomena. Our study highlights the importance of the interplays between chiral materials and biological system at sub-nano level.

title: Insights into the Distinguishing Stress-induced XXXX of Chiral Gold Nanoclusters and the Relationship with @entity4191 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']