abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cytological examination of pleural fluids is a fast, efficient and non-invasive diagnostic method. Identification of malignant effusions bears critical importance in treatment and prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of cytopathologic diagnoses in @entity1143 and the cyto-histopathologic correlation rates. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 298 pleural fluid cases diagnosed from 2008 to 2009 in our laboratory were retrospectively identified as the study group. Evaluation results were classified in 5 groups as inconclusive, benign, atypical, suspicious and malignant, and compared with the biopsy results. RESULTS: Of the total 298 pleural fluid cases, 114 (38.3%) were females and 184 (61.7%) were males. The age range was between 15 and 89 with a mean value of 58.4 +/- 17.8. Of the cases, 3 (1%) were diagnosed as inadequate, 246 (82.6%) benign, 8 atypical, 10 suspicious, and 31 malignant by cytology. Among the cases who were diagnosed as malignant, 24 (8.1%) were reported as @entity189 and 7 (2.3%) as @entity3620 . Of the 8 cases reported as atypical, biopsy results of 2 showed @entity3620 , and of the 10 cases reported as suspicious, 1 case whose biopsy result was obtained was diagnosed as @entity957 metastasis. CONCLUSION: Cytological examination is the most valuable diagnostic method for @entity1143 which may have various etiological causes. The most common cause of @entity1143 in our region is metastatic @entity189 including those from the lung, @entity5344 , followed by @entity3620 .

title: Cytopathologic diagnosis in XXXX and cyto-histopathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: Results in @entity1 over 14 years of age who have undergone surgical closure of a patent ductus arteriosus during the period 1967 through 1979 have been reviewed. There were 131 subjects (average age 22 years) with a slight male predominance, which is at variance with other reports. Sixty-two subjects underwent hemodynamic evaluation and of these, 30 had pulmonary artery pressures ranging from 50 to 150 mm Hg. Division and suture of the ductus with aortic cross-clamping under normothermic conditions was performed in 61 subjects. This approach was particularly indicated in cases in which the ductus was unusually short in relation to its diameter as well as in many with @entity1856 changes at the aortic end. In 65 subjects, the conventional division and suture with ductus clamps was employed. Total cardiopulmonary bypass with transaortic patch closure of the ductus was carried out in three instances. There were five early deaths which were principally associated with severe @entity120 . During a follow-up period extending from 1 to 11 years, three subjects died, but the remainder are well and active. Recatheterization data in nine @entity1 with severe @entity120 showed gratifying results.

title: The adult ductus: review of surgical experience with 131 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A new @entity1421 derivative ( @entity6002 ) was given extra-amniotically to 17 healthy @entity1 , who were 7-8 weeks pregnant, in order to assess the plasma profile of @entity6740 , 17 @entity10769 (E2), and @entity1420 and to evaluate the effectiveness and overall acceptability of the method in relation to different dose levels. On the lowest dose level (5 micrograms) only 3 of 7 @entity1 aborted within a 3-to 6-day period. At higher dose levels (10 and 15 micrograms, respectively) 9 out of 10 @entity1 exhibited clinical evidence of an abortion. In the group who aborted, E2, @entity1420 , and @entity6740 decreased continuously, whereas in the nonabortion group decreased levels were found 3 and 6 h after administration of the drug, but already after 24 h the values had again increased. Practically all treated @entity1 experienced lower abdominal discomfort, 7 (41%) reported the @entity158 being severe. Vomiting and/or @entity294 occurred in 4 @entity1 (24%). Similarly to other hitherto tested @entity2918 in @entity1 , this new analogue exhibits its effect primarily through direct stimulatory effect on the uterine smooth muscle, resulting in subsequent decline in the concentrations of @entity6740 , E2, and @entity1420 . In the group of successful inductions the decrease of the @entity6740 concentration was close the half-time of @entity6740 , indicating a permanent damage to the placenta. Despite the high success rate at a dose of 10 micrograms or more, the side effects, mainly abdominal cramps. were too severe to make this method feasible for the induction of @entity5852 when comparing to the available routine procedure of rapid vacuum curettage used on an outpatients basis.

title: XXXX , @entity1420 and 17-beta-estradiol levels during extra-amniotically induced @entity5852 by a new prostaglandin derivative (Sulprostone).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['early abortion']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity6002 :: ('MESH:C016767', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulprostone']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity6740 :: (MESH:C538388,Disease) :: ['HCG']


abstract: A new @entity1421 derivative ( @entity6002 ) was given extra-amniotically to 17 healthy @entity1 , who were 7-8 weeks pregnant, in order to assess the plasma profile of @entity6740 , 17 @entity10769 (E2), and @entity1420 and to evaluate the effectiveness and overall acceptability of the method in relation to different dose levels. On the lowest dose level (5 micrograms) only 3 of 7 @entity1 aborted within a 3-to 6-day period. At higher dose levels (10 and 15 micrograms, respectively) 9 out of 10 @entity1 exhibited clinical evidence of an abortion. In the group who aborted, E2, @entity1420 , and @entity6740 decreased continuously, whereas in the nonabortion group decreased levels were found 3 and 6 h after administration of the drug, but already after 24 h the values had again increased. Practically all treated @entity1 experienced lower abdominal discomfort, 7 (41%) reported the @entity158 being severe. Vomiting and/or @entity294 occurred in 4 @entity1 (24%). Similarly to other hitherto tested @entity2918 in @entity1 , this new analogue exhibits its effect primarily through direct stimulatory effect on the uterine smooth muscle, resulting in subsequent decline in the concentrations of @entity6740 , E2, and @entity1420 . In the group of successful inductions the decrease of the @entity6740 concentration was close the half-time of @entity6740 , indicating a permanent damage to the placenta. Despite the high success rate at a dose of 10 micrograms or more, the side effects, mainly abdominal cramps. were too severe to make this method feasible for the induction of @entity5852 when comparing to the available routine procedure of rapid vacuum curettage used on an outpatients basis.

title: @entity6740 , XXXX and 17-beta-estradiol levels during extra-amniotically induced @entity5852 by a new prostaglandin derivative (Sulprostone).

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: A new @entity1421 derivative ( @entity6002 ) was given extra-amniotically to 17 healthy @entity1 , who were 7-8 weeks pregnant, in order to assess the plasma profile of @entity6740 , 17 @entity10769 (E2), and @entity1420 and to evaluate the effectiveness and overall acceptability of the method in relation to different dose levels. On the lowest dose level (5 micrograms) only 3 of 7 @entity1 aborted within a 3-to 6-day period. At higher dose levels (10 and 15 micrograms, respectively) 9 out of 10 @entity1 exhibited clinical evidence of an abortion. In the group who aborted, E2, @entity1420 , and @entity6740 decreased continuously, whereas in the nonabortion group decreased levels were found 3 and 6 h after administration of the drug, but already after 24 h the values had again increased. Practically all treated @entity1 experienced lower abdominal discomfort, 7 (41%) reported the @entity158 being severe. Vomiting and/or @entity294 occurred in 4 @entity1 (24%). Similarly to other hitherto tested @entity2918 in @entity1 , this new analogue exhibits its effect primarily through direct stimulatory effect on the uterine smooth muscle, resulting in subsequent decline in the concentrations of @entity6740 , E2, and @entity1420 . In the group of successful inductions the decrease of the @entity6740 concentration was close the half-time of @entity6740 , indicating a permanent damage to the placenta. Despite the high success rate at a dose of 10 micrograms or more, the side effects, mainly abdominal cramps. were too severe to make this method feasible for the induction of @entity5852 when comparing to the available routine procedure of rapid vacuum curettage used on an outpatients basis.

title: @entity6740 , @entity1420 and 17-beta-estradiol levels during extra-amniotically induced XXXX by a new prostaglandin derivative (Sulprostone).

answer: @entity5852 :: (MESH:D000031,Disease) :: ['early abortion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1743 leads to limited hip motion, @entity158 and progressive damage to the labrum. Assessment of the amount and location of excessive ossification can be difficult, and removal does not always lead to @entity158 relief and an increase of function. One of the challenges ahead is to discover why certain cases have poor outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION: The technical and clinical results of two consecutive arthroscopic shavings of an osseous cam protrusion are described in our @entity1 , a 50-year-old Caucasian @entity1 with complaints of @entity1743 . At 12 weeks after the first arthroscopic shaving, our @entity1 still experienced @entity158 . Using a range of motion simulation system based on computed tomography images the kinematics of his hip joint were analyzed. Bone that limited range of motion was removed in a second arthroscopic procedure. At six months post-operatively our @entity1 is almost @entity158 free and has regained a range of motion to a functional level. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the relevance of range of motion simulation when the outcome of primary arthroscopic management is unsatisfactory. Such simulations may aid clinicians in determining the gain of a second operation. This claim is supported by the correlation of the simulations with clinical outcome, as shown in this case report.

title: XXXX and its implications on range of motion: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoroacetabular impingement', 'Femoroacetabular impingement']

answer: @entity1743 :: (MESH:D057925,Disease) :: ['Femoroacetabular impingement']


abstract: Twelve cases of pathergic (Wegener's) @entity2883 are described, with special attention focused on the long duration of mucosal and @entity272 in untreated cases, designated as the protracted superficial phenomenon, and on the histologic features that may be helpful in making the diagnosis. The long duration, often the result of a lack of proper interpretation of histologic details, was associated in some of the cases studied with the development of intractable @entity177 or mutilation of the face. Since cytotoxic therapy offers the opportunity to prevent these complications, the desirability of an early diagnosis is obvious. Biopsy is the principal means of diagnosis, and therefore interpretation of histologic details is of paramount importance. Helpful histologic features found in the extravascular and vascular tissues of the specimens studed were focal @entity39 , @entity528 , palisading @entity738 , giant cells, and @entity1333 . Nonpalisading foci of granular @entity39 or @entity528 appeared to precede the development of the typical palisading @entity738 . Both focal @entity39 and focal @entity528 occurred independently of intrinsic vascular involvement and in themselves are distinctive features of pathergic (Wegener's) @entity2883 . There was predominance of the extravascular components in the cases studied with occasional absence of @entity1333 . Both the extravascular and vascular components are important in making a definitive diagnosis, but the extravascular component is characteristic, even in the absence of @entity1333 . The extravascular tissues and the vessels are parallel contemporaneous target tissues.

title: The protracted superficial phenomenon in pathergic (Wegener's) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fibrinoid degeneration']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['granulomatosis']


abstract: The aim of this study is to identify possible risks factors for the occurrence of @entity76 ( @entity76 ) in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 diagnosed with posterior fossa @entity5 consecutively admitted to our institution between 2006 and 2008 were the subjects of this prospective study. Besides standard neurological and radiological evaluations, all @entity1 underwent thorough neuropsychological assessments at admission and following surgery. @entity1 under two or older than 16  years of age and those with a severe pre-operative clinical condition precluding neuropsychological assessment were excluded. Thirty-four @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 23 @entity1 with normal language on admission and group II had 11 @entity1 showing pre-operative @entity73 (PLI). PLI was observed in 11 @entity1 (32.4%: group II). Post-operatively, seven out of 34 @entity1 developed @entity76 (20.6%), all of them belonging to group II. In group II, indeed, the incidence of @entity76 was 63%. No case of @entity76 was observed in group I. PLI regressed after the operation in three out of the four subjects belonging to group II who did not develop @entity76 . PLI remained unchanged in the last @entity1 of this group. Posterior fossa @entity5 resection can have different effects on @entity1 with pre-existing @entity73 (PLI). PLI can be considered a subclinical state of @entity76 in some @entity1 with posterior fossa @entity5 . However, in some @entity1 with PLI, the @entity5 resection may improve the linguistic abilities, as well as the other neurocognitive performances. In the present series, @entity1 with normal pre-operative language function did not develop post-operative mutism.

title: XXXX : evidence for pre-surgical @entity73 as primary risk factor in posterior fossa surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['posterior cranial fossa tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['CMS', 'cerebellar mutism syndrome']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['Heralding cerebellar mutism']


abstract: The aim of this study is to identify possible risks factors for the occurrence of @entity76 ( @entity76 ) in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 diagnosed with posterior fossa @entity5 consecutively admitted to our institution between 2006 and 2008 were the subjects of this prospective study. Besides standard neurological and radiological evaluations, all @entity1 underwent thorough neuropsychological assessments at admission and following surgery. @entity1 under two or older than 16  years of age and those with a severe pre-operative clinical condition precluding neuropsychological assessment were excluded. Thirty-four @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 23 @entity1 with normal language on admission and group II had 11 @entity1 showing pre-operative @entity73 (PLI). PLI was observed in 11 @entity1 (32.4%: group II). Post-operatively, seven out of 34 @entity1 developed @entity76 (20.6%), all of them belonging to group II. In group II, indeed, the incidence of @entity76 was 63%. No case of @entity76 was observed in group I. PLI regressed after the operation in three out of the four subjects belonging to group II who did not develop @entity76 . PLI remained unchanged in the last @entity1 of this group. Posterior fossa @entity5 resection can have different effects on @entity1 with pre-existing @entity73 (PLI). PLI can be considered a subclinical state of @entity76 in some @entity1 with posterior fossa @entity5 . However, in some @entity1 with PLI, the @entity5 resection may improve the linguistic abilities, as well as the other neurocognitive performances. In the present series, @entity1 with normal pre-operative language function did not develop post-operative mutism.

title: @entity76 : evidence for pre-surgical XXXX as primary risk factor in posterior fossa surgery.

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['language impairment']


abstract: Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNICs) utilize descending inhibitory controls through poorly understood brain stem pathways. The @entity1 counterpart, conditioned pain modulation, is reduced in @entity1 with neuropathy aligned with animal data showing a loss of descending inhibitory @entity1063 controls together with a gain of 5-HT3 receptor-mediated facilitations after neuropathy. We investigated the pharmacological basis of @entity17087 and whether it can be restored after neuropathy. Deep dorsal horn neurons were activated by von Frey filaments applied to the hind paw, and @entity17087 was induced by a pinch applied to the ear in @entity5161 -anaesthetized animals. Spinal nerve ligation was the model of neuropathy. Diffuse noxious inhibitory control was present in control @entity35 but abolished after neuropathy. a2 adrenoceptor mechanisms underlie @entity17087 because the antagonists, @entity3160 and @entity22571 , markedly attenuated this descending inhibition. We restored @entity17087 in spinal nerve ligated animals by blocking 5-HT3 descending facilitations with the antagonist @entity3974 or by enhancing @entity1063 modulation through the use of @entity18891 (a @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor, NRI) or @entity20708 ( -opioid receptor agonist and NRI). Additionally, ondansetron enhanced @entity17087 in normal animals. Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls are reduced after peripheral nerve injury illustrating the central impact of neuropathy, leading to an imbalance in descending excitations and inhibitions. Underlying noradrenergic mechanisms explain the relationship between conditioned pain modulation and the use of @entity20708 and @entity4480 (a @entity750 , NRI) in @entity1 . We suggest that pharmacological strategies through manipulation of the @entity1154 system could be used to enhance @entity17087 in @entity1 by blocking descending facilitations with ondansetron or enhancing @entity1063 inhibitions, so possibly reducing chronic pain.

title: Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls and nerve injury: restoring an imbalance between descending XXXX inhibitions and facilitations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity18891 :: ('MESH:C074679', 'Chemical') :: ['reboxetine']

entities_list: @entity20708 :: ('MESH:C523979', 'Chemical') :: ['tapentadol']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline', 'norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity22571 :: ('MESH:C050701', 'Chemical') :: ['atipamezole']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['monoamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the clinical impact of strut width (evaluated by abluminal strut surface area [ASSA]) on periprocedural @entity583 (PMI) and clinical outcomes in @entity1 treated with bioresorbable scaffolds ( @entity4375 ) versus first-generation sirolimus-eluting stents (SES). BACKGROUND: To date, there are no reports on the impact of ASSA on PMI and clinical outcomes. METHODS: We compared the impact of ASSA on outcomes and PMI in propensity-matched @entity1 treated with @entity4375 and SES. The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse @entity299 (MACE), defined as the combination of all-cause mortality, follow-up @entity583 , and target vessel revascularization, at 30-days and 1-year follow-ups. The secondary endpoint was the incidence of PMI. RESULTS: After propensity-matched analysis, 499 @entity1 (147 @entity4375 @entity1 vs. 352 SES @entity1 ) were evaluated. Mean ASSA was higher in @entity1 treated with @entity4375 versus SES ( @entity4375 : 132.3    76.7 mm(2) vs. SES: 67.6    48.4 mm(2), p  <  0.001). MACE was not significantly different between groups (30-days MACE: @entity4375 : 0% vs. SES: 1.4%, p  = 0.16, and 1-year MACE: @entity4375 : 15.7% vs. SES: 11.4%, p  = 0.67). The incidence of PMI was significantly higher in the @entity4375 group ( @entity4375 :  13.1% vs. SES: 7.5%, p  = 0.05). Multivariable analyses indicated that treatment of left anterior descending artery and ASSA were independent predictors of PMI. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4375 implantation, compared with SES implantation, was associated with a higher incidence of PMI. MACE at 30 days and 1 year were not significantly different. Left anterior descending artery percutaneous coronary intervention and ASSA were independent predictors of PMI.

title: Impact of Strut Width in Periprocedural XXXX : A Propensity-Matched Comparison Between Bioresorbable Scaffolds and the First-Generation Sirolimus-Eluting Stent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: AIM: To propose a formalized consensus agreement regarding the prescription of azithromycin in @entity1577 (CF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Application of the Delphi method in 5 thematic fields: indications, contra-indications, dosage, precautions for use and treatment follow-up. RESULTS: Thirty identified French CF centers participated in the process on 49 (61%), which comprised 3 rounds. Experts validated azithromycin as a long-term anti-inflammatory agent in @entity1 aged over 6 years, presenting with the classical form of CF, irrespective of the bacteriological status of the @entity1 (except for @entity378 ). Azithromycin administration should not be routine in the milder forms of the disease, and avoided in the presence of severe hepatic or renal involvement. In @entity1 whose weight is below 40 kg, a strong consensus recommended a single daily oral dose, administered three times weekly. However, in adults, the level of agreement was weaker. Minimal duration of treatment is 6 months, after which the drug should be discontinued if no observable effect is noted on clinical parameters, exacerbation rate and/or FEV1. Clinical monitoring of treatment tolerance is recommended (nausea, diarrhea, skin rash, tinnitus, deafness, arthropathy), without increasing the frequency of surveillance of sputum bacteria. However, it is essential to monitor sputum for fungi (expectoration, Aspergillus, broncho-pulmonary allergic aspergillosis). CONCLUSION: This consensus statement defines an area for the prescription of azithromycin in CF, with the aim of better harmonization of its use.

title: [National consensus regarding azithromycin use in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['non-tuberculous mycobacteria']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sexual problems are highly prevalent among @entity1 with @entity146 . They may be caused by the psychopathology of the @entity146 but also by its pharmacotherapy. Both positive symptoms (e.g., @entity716 , @entity1833 ) as well as negative symptoms (e.g., @entity4270 ) of @entity161 may negatively interfere with interpersonal and sexual relationships. Atypical antipsychotics have fewer sexual side-effects than the classic antipsychotics. @entity1316 may affect libido, sexual arousal, orgasm, and erectile function. With the exception of bupropion, agomelatine, mirtazapine, vortioxetine, amineptine, and moclobemide, all antidepressants cause sexual side-effects. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may particularly delay ejaculation and female orgasm, but also can cause decreased libido and erectile difficulties. SSRI-induced sexual side-effects are dose-dependent and reversible. Very rarely, their sexual side-effects persist after SSRI discontinuation. This is often preceded by genital anesthesia. Some personality characteristics are a risk factor for @entity250 . Also @entity1 with @entity1277 may suffer from @entity458 . So far, research into psychotropic-induced sexual side-effects suffers from substantial methodologic limitations. @entity1 tend not to talk with their clinician about their sexual life. Psychiatrists and other doctors need to take the initiative to talk about the @entity1 's sexual life in order to become informed about potential medication-induced @entity458 .

title: @entity146 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual difficulties']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sexual problems are highly prevalent among @entity1 with @entity146 . They may be caused by the psychopathology of the @entity146 but also by its pharmacotherapy. Both positive symptoms (e.g., @entity716 , @entity1833 ) as well as negative symptoms (e.g., @entity4270 ) of @entity161 may negatively interfere with interpersonal and sexual relationships. Atypical antipsychotics have fewer sexual side-effects than the classic antipsychotics. @entity1316 may affect libido, sexual arousal, orgasm, and erectile function. With the exception of bupropion, agomelatine, mirtazapine, vortioxetine, amineptine, and moclobemide, all antidepressants cause sexual side-effects. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may particularly delay ejaculation and female orgasm, but also can cause decreased libido and erectile difficulties. SSRI-induced sexual side-effects are dose-dependent and reversible. Very rarely, their sexual side-effects persist after SSRI discontinuation. This is often preceded by genital anesthesia. Some personality characteristics are a risk factor for @entity250 . Also @entity1 with @entity1277 may suffer from @entity458 . So far, research into psychotropic-induced sexual side-effects suffers from substantial methodologic limitations. @entity1 tend not to talk with their clinician about their sexual life. Psychiatrists and other doctors need to take the initiative to talk about the @entity1 's sexual life in order to become informed about potential medication-induced @entity458 .

title: XXXX and @entity250 .

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Psychiatric disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in @entity1 with @entity1069 treated at our institution and report oncological outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of @entity1 with intermediate- or high-grade @entity1069 treated with curative intent at our institution from 1993 to 2013 were reviewed. @entity1 @entity5 characteristics, and treatment modalities used were assessed. Overall survival (OS), @entity5 -specific survival (CSS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were calculated. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 met inclusion criteria. The mean age at presentation was 64 years, and @entity1876 was the most common presenting symptom. All @entity1 underwent surgical resection and neoadjuvant radiation and 6 had concurrent chemotherapy. Four @entity1 received intraoperative radiation. With a median follow-up of 36 months, there were no local recurrences, 6 @entity3 , 4 deaths from disease, and no deaths from other causes. The median OS and CSS was 67.8 months, with actuarial OS and CSS rates of 100% at 1 year, 75% at 2 years, 62.5% at 3 years, and 62.5% at 5 years. Median @entity1349 was 14.2 months, with actuarial @entity1349 rate of 75% at 1 year, 37.5% at 2 years, and 25% at 3 years. CONCLUSION: @entity1069 are rarely cured using surgical resection alone. Our cohort treated with a multimodality approach had favorable CSS and @entity1349 compared with historic and contemporary series of surgery alone and no local recurrences. Most @entity1 developed metastatic recurrence, highlighting the aggressive nature of this disease.

title: Multimodal Therapy in the Treatment of XXXX : The Johns Hopkins Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate sarcomas', 'prostate sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'demographic information, tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['Prostate Sarcoma']


abstract: Ghrelin, a natural ligand for the @entity2124 ( @entity2124 )-secretagogue receptor, is primarily produced in the stomach. Administration of ghrelin stimulates food intake and @entity2124 secretion in both animals and @entity1 . Ghrelin is the only circulating hormone known to stimulate appetite in @entity1 . As @entity2124 is an anabolic hormone, protein stores are spared at the expense of fat during conditions of caloric restriction. Ghrelin also inhibits the production of anorectic proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, ghrelin exhibits anti-cachectic actions via both @entity2124 -dependent and -independent mechanisms. Several studies are evaluating the efficacy of ghrelin in the treatment of @entity3085 caused by a variety of diseases, including @entity712 , @entity1030 , @entity5 , and @entity454 . These studies will hopefully lead to the development of novel clinical applications for ghrelin in the future. These studies have also facilitated a better understanding of the molecular basis of the anti-catabolic effects of ghrelin. This review summarizes the recent advances in this area of research.

title: Ghrelin for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity3085 :: (MESH:D002100,Disease) :: ['cachexia']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the efficacy of pulse dose rate (PDR) interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of @entity189 and to compare with historical data of low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 27 consecutive @entity1 treated in our institution with exclusive PDR brachytherapy for a @entity957 . The median @entity5 greatest diameter was 20  mm (range: 10-50  mm). Twenty-three @entity1 (85%) had @entity5 limited to the glans and/or prepuce and four @entity1 (15%) also had inguinal lymph node @entity3 . Implantations were carried out according to the Paris system and treatments were delivered with PDR brachytherapy. RESULTS: The median brachytherapy dose was 60  Gy (range: 60-70  Gy). The median treated volume was 28  cm(3) (range: 8-62  cm(3)). The median reference isodose rate was 0.4  Gy/pulse/h (range: 0.4-0.5  Gy/pulse/h). The median number of pulses was 150 (range: 120-175 pulses). With a median follow-up of 33 months (range: 6-64 months), @entity5 relapses in the penis were reported in four @entity1 (15%). All @entity1 with only local relapse (n  =  3) were successfully salvaged with partial amputation. The estimated overall survival rate at 3 years was 95% (95% confidence interval: 83-100%). No grade 3 or more acute reaction was observed. Delayed @entity1066 and stenoses requiring at least one meatal dilatation were reported in two (9%) and five (22%) @entity1 without local relapse. The treated volume was significantly correlated to the risk of clinically relevant delayed @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy/ @entity137 results of PDR brachytherapy for the treatment of @entity17539 are comparable with those obtained with LDR brachytherapy in historical cohorts.

title: Clinical Experience with Pulse Dose Rate Brachytherapy for Conservative Treatment of XXXX and Comparison with Historical Data of Low Dose Rate Brachytherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the penis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the penis']

entities_list: @entity17539 :: ('MESH:D010412', 'Disease') :: ['penile carcinoma']

answer: @entity17539 :: (MESH:D010412,Disease) :: ['Penile Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 is diverse, with no clear consensus regarding the initial drug regimen or dosing to achieve optimal glycemic control. METHODS: We treated 44 consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 with maximally tolerated doses of pioglitazone 45mg/day, metformin 1000-2000mg/day, and repaglinide 1-4mg before meals. The doses and drugs were subsequently decreased ("subtraction therapy") to achieve optimal glycemic control and minimize side effects. Three primary outcomes were measured: the short term HbA1c response, the long term HbA1c response, and the incidence of @entity4053 . RESULTS: All 44 @entity1 responded with a rapid, progressive decline in their HbA1c levels from 11.43  2.3% to 6.17  0.72% (101  25.1mmol/mol to 44  7.9mmol/mol) by three months, and remained stable thereafter. An HbA1c  <=7.0% ( <=53mmol/mol) was reached within 1-4months in 42 of 44 @entity1 , and in every @entity1 by 12months. Each @entity1 's lowest HbA1c level, 5.65  0.6% (38  6.6mmol/mol), was reached over 6.3  2.9months. @entity1 with initial HbA1c levels >10% (>86mmol/mol) (n=33) responded similarly as those with HbA1c levels <10% (<86mmol/mol) (n=11). Combination drug therapy maintained HbA1c levels between 5.0 and 7.0% (31 and 53mmol/mol) for up to 14.83years. Only one clinically significant hypoglycemic event occurred during 261.08 @entity1 -years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, combination drug "subtraction therapy" was safe and effective for treating all newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Getting to goal in newly diagnosed XXXX 2 @entity6 using combination drug "subtraction therapy".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 is diverse, with no clear consensus regarding the initial drug regimen or dosing to achieve optimal glycemic control. METHODS: We treated 44 consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 with maximally tolerated doses of pioglitazone 45mg/day, metformin 1000-2000mg/day, and repaglinide 1-4mg before meals. The doses and drugs were subsequently decreased ("subtraction therapy") to achieve optimal glycemic control and minimize side effects. Three primary outcomes were measured: the short term HbA1c response, the long term HbA1c response, and the incidence of @entity4053 . RESULTS: All 44 @entity1 responded with a rapid, progressive decline in their HbA1c levels from 11.43  2.3% to 6.17  0.72% (101  25.1mmol/mol to 44  7.9mmol/mol) by three months, and remained stable thereafter. An HbA1c  <=7.0% ( <=53mmol/mol) was reached within 1-4months in 42 of 44 @entity1 , and in every @entity1 by 12months. Each @entity1 's lowest HbA1c level, 5.65  0.6% (38  6.6mmol/mol), was reached over 6.3  2.9months. @entity1 with initial HbA1c levels >10% (>86mmol/mol) (n=33) responded similarly as those with HbA1c levels <10% (<86mmol/mol) (n=11). Combination drug therapy maintained HbA1c levels between 5.0 and 7.0% (31 and 53mmol/mol) for up to 14.83years. Only one clinically significant hypoglycemic event occurred during 261.08 @entity1 -years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, combination drug "subtraction therapy" was safe and effective for treating all newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Getting to goal in newly diagnosed @entity164 2 XXXX using combination drug "subtraction therapy".

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity4003 is a gram-variable obligate intracellular bacterium which carries out its development cycle in the phagolysosome of eucaryotic cells. Ultrastructural analysis of @entity4003 , in situ and after Renografin purification, by transmission electron microscopy of lead-stained thin sections has revealed extreme pleomorphism as demonstrated by two morphological cell types, a large cell variant (LCV) and a small cell variant ( @entity6723 ). @entity19592 staining of purified rickettsiae revealed a number of differences in the internal structures of the cell variants. (i) The outer membrane of the @entity6723 and LCV were comparable; however, the underlying dense layer of the @entity6723 was much wider and more prominent than that of the LCV. The periplasmic space of the @entity6723 was not readily visualized, whereas the periplasmic space of the LCV was apparent and resembled that of other gram-negative bacteria. (ii) Complex internal membranous intrusions which appeared to originate from the cytoplasmic membrane were observed in the @entity6723 . The LCV did not harbor an extensive membranous system. (iii) Some LCVs contained a dense body in the periplasmic space. This endogenous structure appeared to arise in one pole of the LCV as an electrondense "cap" formation with the progressive development of a dense body approximately 130 to 170 nm in diameter which was eventually surrounded by a coat of at least four layers. Our observations suggest that the morphogenesis of @entity4003 is comparable, although not identical, to cellular differentiation of endospore formation. A developmental cycle consisting of vegetative and sporogenic differentiation is proposed.

title: Developmental cycle of XXXX : structure and morphogenesis of vegetative and sporogenic differentiations.

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['C. burnetii', 'Coxiella burnetii']

entities_list: @entity19592 :: ('MESH:D011196', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium permanganate']

answer: @entity4003 :: (777,Species) :: ['Coxiella burnetii']


abstract: @entity3069 . hominissuis is an opportunistic pathogen that is associated with biofilm-related @entity281 of the respiratory tract and is difficult to treat. In recent years, extracellular DNA (eDNA) has been found to be a major component of bacterial biofilms, including many pathogens involved in biofilm-associated @entity281 . To date, eDNA has not been described as a component of mycobacterial biofilms. In this study, we identified and characterized eDNA in a high biofilm-producing strain of @entity3069 . hominissuis (MAH). In addition, we surveyed for presence of eDNA in various MAH strains and other nontuberculous mycobacteria. Biofilms of MAH A5 (high biofilm-producing strain) and MAH 104 (reference strain) were established at 22  C and 37  C on abiotic surfaces. Acellular biofilm matrix and supernatant from MAH A5 7 day-old biofilms both possess abundant eDNA, however very little eDNA was found in MAH 104 biofilms. A survey of MAH clinical isolates and other clinically relevant nontuberculous mycobacterial species revealed many species and strains that also produce eDNA. RAPD analysis demonstrated that eDNA resembles genomic DNA. Treatment with DNase I reduced the biomass of MAH A5 biofilms when added upon biofilm formation or to an already established biofilm both on abiotic surfaces and on top of @entity1 pharyngeal epithelial cells. Furthermore, co-treatment of an established biofilm with DNase 1 and either @entity3477 or @entity4581 significantly increased the susceptibility of the bacteria within the biofilm to these clinically used antimicrobials. Collectively, our results describe an additional matrix component of mycobacterial biofilms and a potential new target to help treat biofilm-associated nontuberculous @entity281 .

title: XXXX Possesses Extracellular DNA that Contributes to Biofilm Formation, Structural Integrity, and Tolerance to Antibiotics.

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'mycobacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: KEY POINTS: The dilatory role for sensory innervation of mesenteric arteries (MAs) is impaired in Old (   24  months) versus Young (   4  months) @entity19 . We investigated the nature of this impairment in isolated pressurized MAs. With perivascular sensory nerve stimulation, dilatation and inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction observed in Young MAs were lost in Old MAs along with impaired dilatation to @entity12819 ( @entity12819 ). Inhibiting NO and @entity3009 synthesis increased @entity12819 EC50 in Young and Old MAs. Endothelial denudation attenuated dilatation to @entity12819 in Old MAs yet enhanced dilatation to @entity12819 in Young MAs while abolishing all dilatations to @entity3451 . In Old MAs, sensory nerve density was reduced and @entity63239 ( @entity12819 receptor component) associated with nuclear regions of endothelial cells in a manner not seen in Young MAs or in smooth muscle cells of either age. With advanced age, loss of dilatory signalling mediated through perivascular sensory nerves may compromise perfusion of visceral organs. ABSTRACT: @entity455 and sympathetic nerve activity increase with advancing age. In the gut, blood flow is governed by perivascular sensory and sympathetic nerves but little is known of how their functional role is affected by advanced age. We tested the hypothesis that functional sensory innervation of mesenteric arteries (MAs) is impaired for Old (24  months) versus Young (4  months) C57BL/6 male @entity19 . In cannulated pressurized MAs preconstricted 50% with @entity1063 and treated with @entity2997 (to inhibit sympathetic neurotransmission), perivascular nerve stimulation (PNS) evoked dilatation in Young but not Old MAs while dilatations to @entity3451 were not different between age groups. In Young MAs, @entity2951 (to inhibit sensory neurotransmission) blocked dilatation and increased constriction during PNS. With no difference in efficacy, the EC50 of @entity12819 as a vasodilator was    6-fold greater in Old versus Young MAs. Inhibiting @entity842 ( @entity6462 ) and @entity3009 ( @entity3352 ) synthesis increased @entity12819 EC50 in both age groups. Endothelial denudation reduced the efficacy of dilatation to @entity12819 by    30% in Old MAs yet increased this efficacy    15% in Young MAs while all dilatations to @entity3451 were abolished. Immunolabelling revealed reduced density of sensory ( @entity12819 ) but not sympathetic ( @entity4149 hydroxylase) innervation for Old versus Young MAs. Whereas the distribution of @entity12819 receptor proteins was similar in SMCs, @entity63239 associated with nuclear regions of endothelial cells of Old but not Young MAs. With advanced age, the @entity393 and diminished effectiveness of @entity12819 as a vasodilator is multifaceted and may adversely affect splanchnic perfusion.

title: Depressed perivascular sensory innervation of XXXX mesenteric arteries with advanced age.

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity12819 :: ('12310(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of sensory nerve function']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disease progression rates among @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ) vary greatly. Although the majority of affected individuals survive 3-5 years following diagnosis, some subgroups experience a more rapidly progressing form, surviving less than 1 year, and other subgroups experience slowly progressing forms, surviving nearly 50 years. Genetic heterogeneity and environmental factors pose significant barriers in investigating @entity1 progression rates. Similar to the case for @entity1 , variation in survival within the @entity182 @entity19 has been well documented, but different progression rates have not been investigated. The present study identifies two subgroups of B6SJL @entity182 ( @entity24869 ) @entity19 with different disease progression rates, a @entity4053 ( @entity4053 ) and slow progression group, as evidenced by differences in the rate of motor function decline. In addition, increased disease-associated gene expression within the @entity4053 facial motor nucleus confirmed the presence of a more severe phenotype. We hypothesize that a more @entity66 phenotype could be the result of 1) an earlier onset of axonal disconnection with a consistent degeneration rate or 2) a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We performed a facial nerve transection axotomy in both @entity182 subgroups prior to disease onset as a method to standardize the axonal disconnection. Instead of leading to comparable gene expression in both subgroups, this standardization did not eliminate the severe phenotype in the @entity4053 facial nucleus, suggesting that the @entity4053 phenotype is the result of a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We theorize that these @entity182 subgroups are representative of the rapid and @entity73 phenotypes often experienced in @entity746 . J. Comp. Neurol., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Identification of B6SJL @entity182 ( XXXX ) @entity19 subgroups with different disease progression rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['severe disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow disease']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['FPG', 'fast progression group']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity24869 :: (c|SUB|G|93|A,DNAMutation) :: ['G93A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disease progression rates among @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ) vary greatly. Although the majority of affected individuals survive 3-5 years following diagnosis, some subgroups experience a more rapidly progressing form, surviving less than 1 year, and other subgroups experience slowly progressing forms, surviving nearly 50 years. Genetic heterogeneity and environmental factors pose significant barriers in investigating @entity1 progression rates. Similar to the case for @entity1 , variation in survival within the @entity182 @entity19 has been well documented, but different progression rates have not been investigated. The present study identifies two subgroups of B6SJL @entity182 ( @entity24869 ) @entity19 with different disease progression rates, a @entity4053 ( @entity4053 ) and slow progression group, as evidenced by differences in the rate of motor function decline. In addition, increased disease-associated gene expression within the @entity4053 facial motor nucleus confirmed the presence of a more severe phenotype. We hypothesize that a more @entity66 phenotype could be the result of 1) an earlier onset of axonal disconnection with a consistent degeneration rate or 2) a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We performed a facial nerve transection axotomy in both @entity182 subgroups prior to disease onset as a method to standardize the axonal disconnection. Instead of leading to comparable gene expression in both subgroups, this standardization did not eliminate the severe phenotype in the @entity4053 facial nucleus, suggesting that the @entity4053 phenotype is the result of a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We theorize that these @entity182 subgroups are representative of the rapid and @entity73 phenotypes often experienced in @entity746 . J. Comp. Neurol., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Identification of B6SJL XXXX ( @entity24869 ) @entity19 subgroups with different disease progression rates.

answer: @entity182 :: (20655(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mSOD1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disease progression rates among @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ) vary greatly. Although the majority of affected individuals survive 3-5 years following diagnosis, some subgroups experience a more rapidly progressing form, surviving less than 1 year, and other subgroups experience slowly progressing forms, surviving nearly 50 years. Genetic heterogeneity and environmental factors pose significant barriers in investigating @entity1 progression rates. Similar to the case for @entity1 , variation in survival within the @entity182 @entity19 has been well documented, but different progression rates have not been investigated. The present study identifies two subgroups of B6SJL @entity182 ( @entity24869 ) @entity19 with different disease progression rates, a @entity4053 ( @entity4053 ) and slow progression group, as evidenced by differences in the rate of motor function decline. In addition, increased disease-associated gene expression within the @entity4053 facial motor nucleus confirmed the presence of a more severe phenotype. We hypothesize that a more @entity66 phenotype could be the result of 1) an earlier onset of axonal disconnection with a consistent degeneration rate or 2) a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We performed a facial nerve transection axotomy in both @entity182 subgroups prior to disease onset as a method to standardize the axonal disconnection. Instead of leading to comparable gene expression in both subgroups, this standardization did not eliminate the severe phenotype in the @entity4053 facial nucleus, suggesting that the @entity4053 phenotype is the result of a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We theorize that these @entity182 subgroups are representative of the rapid and @entity73 phenotypes often experienced in @entity746 . J. Comp. Neurol., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Identification of B6SJL @entity182 ( @entity24869 ) XXXX subgroups with different disease progression rates.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity205 inhalation solution (CIS) delivered via nebulization is under evaluation for the prevention of chronic rejection post-lung transplant. A 300- @entity1 randomized, controlled clinical trial (CYCLIST) is expected to be completed late in 2011. In support of this trial, a chronic inhalation toxicology study in @entity235 has been completed. METHODS: To mimic the clinical setting, animals (four/sex/dose plus two/sex/dose in the control and high dose recovery groups) were exposed to aerosolized CIS, via nose-only exposure, three times per week for 9 months at targeted inhaled doses of 0 (air), 4, 12, and 24   mg/kg. In addition, the potential for persistence or reversibility of any toxic effects were assessed after a 6-week recovery period. The toxicological endpoints included clinical observations, body-weight, food consumption, toxicokinetics, clinical chemistry, and histopathology. RESULTS: All @entity235 receiving CIS completed the study with the only consistent observations being excessive salivation and changes in minute ventilation. There was no limiting lung or systemic @entity137 associated with exposure to CIS, and the only possible drug-related effect was an observation of benign @entity1557 tissue in the mammary glands of the high-dose female recovery group. Toxicokinetic data showed that @entity205 is initially absorbed rapidly with little drug remaining in lung tissue or blood 24   h after the end of dosing. CONCLUSION: The study supports the pulmonary and systemic safety of aerosolized CIS at expected lung dose levels/kg of up to 12 times greater than the average dose @entity1 are receiving in the CYCLIST trial.

title: Safety and toxicology of XXXX in propylene glycol after 9-month aerosol exposure to @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity205 inhalation solution (CIS) delivered via nebulization is under evaluation for the prevention of chronic rejection post-lung transplant. A 300- @entity1 randomized, controlled clinical trial (CYCLIST) is expected to be completed late in 2011. In support of this trial, a chronic inhalation toxicology study in @entity235 has been completed. METHODS: To mimic the clinical setting, animals (four/sex/dose plus two/sex/dose in the control and high dose recovery groups) were exposed to aerosolized CIS, via nose-only exposure, three times per week for 9 months at targeted inhaled doses of 0 (air), 4, 12, and 24   mg/kg. In addition, the potential for persistence or reversibility of any toxic effects were assessed after a 6-week recovery period. The toxicological endpoints included clinical observations, body-weight, food consumption, toxicokinetics, clinical chemistry, and histopathology. RESULTS: All @entity235 receiving CIS completed the study with the only consistent observations being excessive salivation and changes in minute ventilation. There was no limiting lung or systemic @entity137 associated with exposure to CIS, and the only possible drug-related effect was an observation of benign @entity1557 tissue in the mammary glands of the high-dose female recovery group. Toxicokinetic data showed that @entity205 is initially absorbed rapidly with little drug remaining in lung tissue or blood 24   h after the end of dosing. CONCLUSION: The study supports the pulmonary and systemic safety of aerosolized CIS at expected lung dose levels/kg of up to 12 times greater than the average dose @entity1 are receiving in the CYCLIST trial.

title: Safety and toxicology of @entity205 in propylene glycol after 9-month aerosol exposure to XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['beagle dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased emphasis is being placed on the critical need to control @entity101 ( @entity101 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a nurse-managed home telehealth intervention to improve outcomes in veterans with comorbid @entity6 and @entity101 . DESIGN: A single-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial design comparing two remote monitoring intensity levels and usual care in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity101 being treated in primary care was used. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were hemoglobin A1c and systolic blood pressure (SBP); secondary outcome was adherence. RESULTS: Intervention subjects experienced decreased A1c during the 6-month intervention period compared with the control group, but 6 months after the intervention was withdrawn, the intervention groups were comparable with the control group. For SBP, the high-intensity subjects had a significant decrease in SBP compared with the other groups at 6 months and this pattern was maintained at 12 months. Adherence improved over time for all groups, but there were no differences among the three groups. LIMITATIONS: Subjects had relatively good baseline control for A1c and SBP; minorities and @entity1 were underrepresented. CONCLUSIONS: Home telehealth provides an innovative and pragmatic approach to enhance earlier detection of key clinical symptoms requiring intervention. Transmission of education and advice to the @entity1 on an ongoing basis with close surveillance by nurses can improve clinical outcomes in @entity1 with comorbid @entity102 .

title: Effectiveness of home telehealth in comorbid @entity6 and XXXX : a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased emphasis is being placed on the critical need to control @entity101 ( @entity101 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a nurse-managed home telehealth intervention to improve outcomes in veterans with comorbid @entity6 and @entity101 . DESIGN: A single-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial design comparing two remote monitoring intensity levels and usual care in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity101 being treated in primary care was used. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were hemoglobin A1c and systolic blood pressure (SBP); secondary outcome was adherence. RESULTS: Intervention subjects experienced decreased A1c during the 6-month intervention period compared with the control group, but 6 months after the intervention was withdrawn, the intervention groups were comparable with the control group. For SBP, the high-intensity subjects had a significant decrease in SBP compared with the other groups at 6 months and this pattern was maintained at 12 months. Adherence improved over time for all groups, but there were no differences among the three groups. LIMITATIONS: Subjects had relatively good baseline control for A1c and SBP; minorities and @entity1 were underrepresented. CONCLUSIONS: Home telehealth provides an innovative and pragmatic approach to enhance earlier detection of key clinical symptoms requiring intervention. Transmission of education and advice to the @entity1 on an ongoing basis with close surveillance by nurses can improve clinical outcomes in @entity1 with comorbid @entity102 .

title: Effectiveness of home telehealth in comorbid XXXX and @entity101 : a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Pedophiles show sexual interest in prepubescent @entity1 but not in adults. Research into the neurofunctional mechanisms of @entity5494 has gathered momentum over the last years. AIM: To elucidate the underlying neural processing of sexual interest among pedophiles and to highlight the differences in comparison with nonparaphilic sexual interest in adults. METHODS: Nine pedophilic @entity1 and 11 nonpedophilic control subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing pictures of nude (prepubescents, pubescents, and adults) and neutral content, as well as performing a concomitant choice reaction time task (CRTT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brain blood @entity26 level-dependent (BOLD) signals and response latencies in the CRTT during exposure to each picture category. RESULTS: Analysis of behavioral data showed group differences in reaction times regarding prepubescent and adult but not pubescent stimuli. During stimulation with pictures displaying nude prepubescents, pedophiles showed increased BOLD response in brain areas known to be involved in processing of visual sexual stimuli. Comparison of pedophilic @entity1 with the control group discovered differences in BOLD responses with respect to prepubescent and adult but not to pubescent stimuli. Differential effects in particular occurred in the cingulate gyrus and insular region. CONCLUSIONS: The brain response of pedophiles to visual sexual stimulation by images of nude prepubescents is comparable with previously described neural patterns of sexual processing in nonpedophilic @entity1 males evoked by visual stimuli depicting nude adults. Nevertheless, group differences found in the cingulate gyrus and the insular region suggest an important role of these brain areas in pedophilic sexual interest. Furthermore, combining attention-based methods like CRTT with fMRI may be a viable option for future diagnostic procedures regarding @entity40350 .

title: Functional cortical and subcortical abnormalities in XXXX : a combined study using a choice reaction time task and fMRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity40350 :: ('MESH:D010378', 'Disease') :: ['pedophilia']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['paraphilias']

answer: @entity40350 :: (MESH:D010378,Disease) :: ['pedophilia']


abstract: Lymph nodes from @entity1 with @entity978 or mixed cellularity type were examined by electron microscopy to classify all the cells that occur in these types of @entity706 . Most of the cells showed morphological features that were the same, or nearly the same, as those of cells of normal lymphoid tissue. These included typical interdigitating reticulum cells (IDC), histiocytic reticulum cells, so-called dark reticulum cells, and sinus macrophages. There were also small and medium-sized lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasma cells, and plasma cell precursors resembling those seen in non-specific @entity3298 . Germinal center cells, on the other hand, were present in negligible numbers. Special attention was paid to Hodgkin's (H) and Sternberg-Reed (SR) cells. This group of cells proved to be heterogeneous. The only common features were a large cell size, large nuclei, and a prominent nucleolus. Some of the H and SR cells resembled immunoblasts of normal lymphoid tissue. The cytoplasm of these cells contained numerous polyribosomes, and their heterochromatin was coarsely condensed at the nuclear membrane. Other H and SR cells were more similar to histiocytic cells or reticulum cells because of the large number of cell organelles (e.g., lysosome-like granules) and diffuse heterochromatin. Finally, cases of the @entity4383 type of Hodgkin's diseases showed another cell type with some resemblance to IDC. The cells of this type are called lacunar cells because of their special light-microscopic appearance.

title: Electron-microscopic aspects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease of the nodular sclerosis"]

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) represent the front-line tools for @entity311 vector control globally, but are optimally effective where the majority of baseline transmission occurs indoors. In the surveyed area of rural southern Tanzania, bed net use steadily increased over the last decade, reducing @entity311 transmission intensity by 94%. METHODS: Starting before bed nets were introduced (1997), and then after two milestones of net use had been reached-75% community-wide use of untreated nets (2004) and then 47% use of ITNs (2009)-hourly biting rates of @entity311 vectors from the @entity313 complex and @entity314 group were surveyed. RESULTS: In 1997, An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus mosquitoes exhibited a tendency to bite @entity1 inside houses late at night. For An. gambiae s.l., by 2009, nocturnal activity was less (p = 0.0018). At this time, the sibling species composition of the complex had shifted from predominantly An. gambiae s.s. to predominantly An. arabiensis. For An. funestus, by 2009, nocturnal activity was less (p = 0.0054) as well as the proportion biting indoors (p < 0.0001). At this time, An. funestus s.s. remained the predominant species within this group. As a consequence of these altered feeding patterns, the proportion (mean    standard error) of @entity1 contact with mosquitoes (bites per @entity1 per night) occurring indoors dropped from 0.99    0.002 in 1997 to 0.82    0.008 in 2009 for the An. gambiae complex (p = 0.0143) and from 1.00    <0.001 to only 0.50    0.048 for the An. funestus complex (p = 0.0004) over the same time period. CONCLUSIONS: High usage of ITNs can dramatically alter African vector populations so that intense, predominantly indoor transmission is replaced by greatly lowered residual transmission, a greater proportion of which occurs outdoors. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, the residual, self-sustaining transmission will respond poorly to further insecticidal measures within houses. Additional vector control tools which target outdoor biting mosquitoes at the adult or immature stages are required to complement ITNs and IRS.

title: Increased proportions of outdoor feeding among residual XXXX vector populations following increased use of insecticide-treated nets in rural Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'person']

entities_list: @entity314 :: ('62324', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles funestus']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been few reports on the role of Fc receptors (FcRs) and @entity13446 ( @entity13446 ) in @entity565 . The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of inhibitory FcRs and antigen presenting cells (APCs) in pathogenesis of @entity565 and to evaluate antigen-transporting and presenting capacity by @entity1358 . METHODS: In @entity942 (KO) and C57BL/6 ( @entity7097 ) @entity19 , the effects of intratracheal instillation of antigen-specific @entity13446 were analysed using the model with sensitization and airborne challenge with @entity10328 (OVA). Thoracic lymph nodes instilled with @entity941 -conjugated OVA were analysed by fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, we analysed the @entity11805 + MHC class II+ cells which intaken @entity941 -conjugated OVA in thoracic lymph nodes by flow cytometry. Also, lung-derived @entity11805 + APCs were analysed by flow cytometry. Effects of anti-OVA @entity9686 on bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro were also analysed. Moreover, in FcyRIIB KO @entity19 intravenously transplanted dendritic cells (DCs) differentiated from BMDCs of @entity7097 @entity19 , the effects of intratracheal instillation of anti-OVA @entity13446 were evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). RESULTS: In @entity7097 @entity19 , total cells and eosinophils in BAL fluid reduced after instillation with anti-OVA @entity9686 . Anti-OVA @entity9686 suppressed airway inflammation in hyperresponsiveness and histology. In addition, the number of the @entity941 -conjugated OVA in @entity11805 + MHC class II+ cells of thoracic lymph nodes with anti-OVA @entity9686 instillation decreased compared with PBS. Also, MHC class II expression on lung-derived @entity11805 + APCs with anti-OVA @entity9686 instillation reduced. Moreover, in vitro, we showed that BMDCs with anti-OVA @entity9686 significantly decreased the T cell proliferation. Finally, we demonstrated that the lacking effects of anti-OVA @entity9686 on airway inflammation on FcyRIIB KO @entity19 were restored with @entity7097 -derived BMDCs transplanted intravenously. CONCLUSION: Antigen-specific @entity13446 ameliorates allergic airway inflammation via FcyRIIB on DCs.

title: Antigen-Specific XXXX ameliorates allergic airway inflammation via Fcy receptor IIB on dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APCs in the tracheobronchial mucosa']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['FcyRIIB deficient']

answer: @entity13446 :: (16059(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IgG']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Polypectomy at colonoscopy may be difficult or dangerous. In such instances colonic resection may be indicated. Novel combined laparoscopic-endoscopic procedures have the potential to allow safe extensive extramucosal resection, thus avoiding resection. Laparoscopic colon mobilisation provides a more favourable orientation for endoscopic mucosal resection and facilitates identification of possible perforation sites with immediate laparoscopic repair or resection if necessary. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of laparo-endoscopic resection (LER) of @entity1586 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were collected prospectively on consecutive @entity1 undergoing LER. The mode of presentation, referral pattern, lesion site and size, hospital stay, procedural details, complications, histology and further treatment were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 13 @entity1 underwent attempted LER (16 @entity1127 in total) and this was completed for 10, with a median hospital stay of 2 days. Five @entity1127 were removed whole and eight piecemeal. Excision was clinically complete in all cases. Three procedures were converted to colonic resection. One lesion appeared malignant, indicating a conversion to laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Two @entity1127 were not amenable to LER and resection was performed. One @entity1 underwent subsequent colonic resection based on the histological findings. There were no perforations or serious complications. CONCLUSIONS: LER is a safe and effective treatment for large and inaccessible @entity1586 that would otherwise be treated by colonic resection.

title: Laparo-endoscopic resection for extensive and inaccessible XXXX : a feasible and safe procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['colorectal polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical indications, timing, and procedure for flexible @entity12318 reconstruction in young @entity1 remains controversial. This retrospective study reports the clinical results of reconstruction of flexible, idiopathic, symptomatic @entity12318 in adolescent and young adults indicated for surgery by persistent @entity158 and functional limitations. The hypothesis was that the results of these procedures allow @entity1 to return to sports activities with minimal discomfort or @entity158 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen consecutive @entity12318 in ten @entity1 with a mean age of 15.6 years at the time of surgery (range, 10 to 22) were assessed at a final followup visit at average of 5.2 (range, 2 to 10) years. Reconstruction included combined medializing calcaneal osteotomy and lateral column lengthening in all 16 @entity1 . Flexor digitorum longus transfer (nine), medial column stabilization (eight), and gastroncnemius recession (eight) were carried out as needed. The AOFAS, SF-36, and FAOS questionnaires were completed. Sports activity and @entity1 satisfaction were also assessed. Standard preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters were measured. RESULTS: The mean AOFAS score increased on average from 49.1 to 93.4. Only one @entity1 reported a postoperative restriction in sports. The satisfaction level was excellent in 15 feet and good in one foot. Significant improvement in radiographic parameters was noted for the AP talonavicular coverage angle (p < 0.001) and lateral talar-first metatarsal angle (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Flexible @entity12318 reconstruction in a cohort of symptomatic adolescent and young adult @entity1 achieved a @entity158 and improved functional outcome including the ability to participate in sporting activities.

title: Reconstruction of the symptomatic idiopathic XXXX in adolescents and young adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'reduction of pain']

entities_list: @entity12318 :: ('MESH:D005413', 'Disease') :: ['flatfoot', 'idiopathic flatfeet']

answer: @entity12318 :: (MESH:D005413,Disease) :: ['flatfoot']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) @entity1 may develop @entity101 and Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) is an effective treatment in blood pressure (BP) control. OBJECTIVES: Analyse a hypertensive @entity27 population with unexpected @entity551 after PAP usage and verify correlations between @entity551 , either with @entity27 severity index or nocturnal ventilatory support compliance. METHODS: Descriptive, retrospective analysis of 30 @entity1 with PAP treated OSA, for one year, on average, and with previous controlled @entity101 , who developed a rise in BP, defined as augmentation of > 5 mmHg in systolic (SBP) and/or diastolic BP (DBP), after PAP usage. Co-relational analysis of BP increase, with @entity27 severity indexes and therapy compliance, using Pearson coefficient. RESULTS: Of 508 consecutive @entity1 followed in our Department, treated with nocturnal ventilatory support, 30 evolved with @entity551 after initiating treatment (age 58    10.8 years; Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index [AHI], 46.1    18.68). After PAP usage, mean blood pressure (MBP), Systolic BP (SBP) and @entity551 was 16    15 mmHg, 20    25 mmHg and 6    19.4 mmHg, respectively. No @entity1 showed significant BMI increase. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) value decreased 8.9    5.48 points. MBP, SBP and DBP variations were not correlated with P90/P95, residual AHI, leaks or PAP compliance. CONCLUSIONS: No specific characteristics were identified in the group who developed a rise in BP with PAP usage. No correlations were found between rises in BP and @entity27 severity indexes or PAP compliance. Neither BMI nor variation in wakefulness status explained the rise in BP. Studies relate polymorphisms of b1-adrenoreceptors with different BP responses to ventilatory support. More studies are needed to clarify the cause of this paradoxical response.

title: Paradoxical reaction of blood pressure on sleep apnoea XXXX treated with Positive Airway Pressure.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['BP rise', 'Diastolic BP (DBP) variation']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy is an established treatment for @entity5 . @entity788 however seems relatively insensitive to this form of therapy. METHODS: @entity788 cell lines MiaPaca-2 and Panc-1 were pre-treated with 3000 IU/ml @entity686 or 100 IU/ml @entity2391 followed by 0, 2, 4, or 6 Gray (Gy) irradiation. Colony forming assay was used to assess the effects on cellgrowth. To measure the surviving fraction at the clinically relevant dose of 2Gy ( @entity19593 ), cells were pre-treated with 1000-10.000 IU/ml @entity686 or 50-500 IU/ml @entity2391 followed by 2Gy irradiation. RESULTS: The plating efficiency was 49% for MiaPaca-2 and 22% for Panc-1. MiaPaca-2 was more radiosensitive than Panc-1 (surviving fraction of 0.28 versus 0.50 at 4 Gray). The @entity19593 of MiaPaca-2 was 0.77 while the @entity19593 of Panc-1 was 0.70. The @entity19593 significantly decreased after pretreatment with @entity686 1000 IU/ml (p<0.001) and @entity2391 100 IU/ml (p<0.001) in MiaPaca-2 and with @entity686 5000 IU/ml (p<0.001) and @entity2391 100 IU/ml (p<0.01) in Panc-1. The sensitising enhancement ratio (SER) for @entity686 3000 IU/ml was 2.15 in MiaPaca-2 and 1.90 in Panc-1. For @entity2391 100 IU/ml the SER was 1.72 for in MiaPaca-2 and 1.51 in Panc-1. CONCLUSIONS: Type I interferons have radiosensitising effects in @entity788 cell lines. This radiosensitising property might lead to an improved response to treatment in @entity788 . Interferon b is the most promising drug due to its effect in clinically obtainable doses.

title: Type I interferons as radiosensitisers for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant localised disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with downgrading between biopsy and prostatectomy in the contemporary era using extended-template biopsy techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The UCSF Urologic Oncology Database was used to identify subjects diagnosed with high grade @entity263 (primary pattern 4 or 5) in at least one core on extended-pattern biopsy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with downgrading at radical prostatectomy, defined as a change from primary pattern 4 or 5 to primary pattern 3. RESULTS: Downgrading occurred in 68 (34%) of 202 subjects who met the study criteria. Fourteen (47%) of 30 subjects with  <=25% of cores that were high grade and 9 (43%) of 21 subjects with <10% of total tissue containing @entity5 were downgraded. In a multivariable model, @entity1 with mixed grade cores had much higher odds of downgrading than those with all high grade cores (OR 3.0 95% 1.3-7.1), P < 0.01). The proportion (per 10% increment) of positive cores containing high grade @entity5 (OR 0.8 95% CI 0.7-0.9 P < 0.01) and the percent (per 10% increment) of total tissue containing @entity5 (OR 0.7 95% CI 0.6-0.9 P = 0.01) were significantly associated with lower odds of downgrading. CONCLUSIONS: Downgrading following radical prostatectomy is a common event. Biopsy over-grading may preclude @entity1 from active surveillance or lead to unnecessary lymphadenectomy, excess radiation, or prolonged hormone therapy. The proportion of positive biopsy cores that are high grade and the percent of total tissue containing @entity5 should be incorporated into decision making.

title: Factors associated with downgrading in @entity1 with high grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with downgrading between biopsy and prostatectomy in the contemporary era using extended-template biopsy techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The UCSF Urologic Oncology Database was used to identify subjects diagnosed with high grade @entity263 (primary pattern 4 or 5) in at least one core on extended-pattern biopsy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with downgrading at radical prostatectomy, defined as a change from primary pattern 4 or 5 to primary pattern 3. RESULTS: Downgrading occurred in 68 (34%) of 202 subjects who met the study criteria. Fourteen (47%) of 30 subjects with  <=25% of cores that were high grade and 9 (43%) of 21 subjects with <10% of total tissue containing @entity5 were downgraded. In a multivariable model, @entity1 with mixed grade cores had much higher odds of downgrading than those with all high grade cores (OR 3.0 95% 1.3-7.1), P < 0.01). The proportion (per 10% increment) of positive cores containing high grade @entity5 (OR 0.8 95% CI 0.7-0.9 P < 0.01) and the percent (per 10% increment) of total tissue containing @entity5 (OR 0.7 95% CI 0.6-0.9 P = 0.01) were significantly associated with lower odds of downgrading. CONCLUSIONS: Downgrading following radical prostatectomy is a common event. Biopsy over-grading may preclude @entity1 from active surveillance or lead to unnecessary lymphadenectomy, excess radiation, or prolonged hormone therapy. The proportion of positive biopsy cores that are high grade and the percent of total tissue containing @entity5 should be incorporated into decision making.

title: Factors associated with downgrading in XXXX with high grade @entity263 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are multifunctional proteins that, among other roles, regulate structural reorganization of uterine and placental vascular bed during pregnancy. Thus, we analyzed mRNA and protein expression and immunohistochemical localization of @entity72993 and @entity36030 , and their receptors ( @entity59222 and @entity30785 ) in the developing umbilical cord (UC) on days 40, 60, 75 and 90 of pregnancy and after the physiological delivery in the @entity1707 (day 114). qPCR analysis demonstrated an increase in @entity72993 and @entity36030 mRNA levels beginning on day 75 and on day 114 of pregnancy, respectively. In addition, significantly increased @entity72994 mRNA expression was also found on day 114. On the other hand, no significant changes in @entity30785 mRNA expression were observed. Western Blot analysis revealed a decrease in @entity72993 and @entity30785 protein expression after day 40. Beside an increased protein expression of @entity36030 on day 60, no significant changes in @entity59222 protein expression were detected. Immunohistochemical staining enabled detection of FGF- @entity30785 system, with different intensity of immunoreaction in endothelial and tunica media cells of the umbilical vessels and in allantoic duct and amniotic epithelium as well as in myofibroblasts. In conclusion, our results show that members of FGF- @entity30785 system are expressed specifically in UC structures. Furthermore their day of pregnancy-related expression suggest that they may be an important players during UC formation and development.

title: mRNA and protein expression of @entity72993 , XXXX and their receptors in the porcine umbilical cord during pregnancy.

answer: @entity36030 :: (397643(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['FGF-2']


abstract: The fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are multifunctional proteins that, among other roles, regulate structural reorganization of uterine and placental vascular bed during pregnancy. Thus, we analyzed mRNA and protein expression and immunohistochemical localization of @entity72993 and @entity36030 , and their receptors ( @entity59222 and @entity30785 ) in the developing umbilical cord (UC) on days 40, 60, 75 and 90 of pregnancy and after the physiological delivery in the @entity1707 (day 114). qPCR analysis demonstrated an increase in @entity72993 and @entity36030 mRNA levels beginning on day 75 and on day 114 of pregnancy, respectively. In addition, significantly increased @entity72994 mRNA expression was also found on day 114. On the other hand, no significant changes in @entity30785 mRNA expression were observed. Western Blot analysis revealed a decrease in @entity72993 and @entity30785 protein expression after day 40. Beside an increased protein expression of @entity36030 on day 60, no significant changes in @entity59222 protein expression were detected. Immunohistochemical staining enabled detection of FGF- @entity30785 system, with different intensity of immunoreaction in endothelial and tunica media cells of the umbilical vessels and in allantoic duct and amniotic epithelium as well as in myofibroblasts. In conclusion, our results show that members of FGF- @entity30785 system are expressed specifically in UC structures. Furthermore their day of pregnancy-related expression suggest that they may be an important players during UC formation and development.

title: mRNA and protein expression of XXXX , @entity36030 and their receptors in the porcine umbilical cord during pregnancy.

answer: @entity72993 :: (397497(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['FGF-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progression of silent @entity4798 (SBIs) and @entity62 ( @entity62 ) seen on brain MRI is associated with an increased risk of @entity73 , but their relation to endothelial and inflammatory markers is unknown in @entity6 . METHODS: In 190 type 2 @entity6 outpatients (mean age 62.7_emsp14;years), the authors related baseline levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) to subsequent brain MRI findings and cognitive function. The authors assessed incident SBIs and changes in periventricular and subcortical @entity62 (PVWMLs and SCWMLs) on MRI performed at baseline and 3 and 6 years. Neuropsychological tests were administered to 83 @entity1 older than 65 years at 6 years. This present study represents an extension of the authors' previously published study. RESULTS: SBIs were observed in 46 @entity1 (24.2%), PVWMLs in 93 (48.9%) and SCWMLs in 87 (45.8%) on baseline MRI. After adjustment for age, gender, @entity101 , duration of @entity6 , baseline MRI findings and medication use, the relative odds associated with a 1SD increase in sICAM-1 levels at baseline were 1.67 (95% CI 1.02 to 3.05) for SBI progression and 2.17 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.62) for PVWML progression at 6 years. In contrast, baseline hs-CRP levels were significantly associated with SBI progression only at 3 years. Significant trends were observed between quartiles of sICAM-1 at baseline and scores in Digit Symbol substitution (p for trend=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that higher sICAM-1 levels are associated with SBI and PVWML progression, and may predict @entity73 .

title: Endothelial and inflammatory markers in relation to progression of ischaemic cerebral small-vessel disease and @entity73 : a 6-year longitudinal study in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarctions']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'impairment in psychomotor function in type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white-matter lesions', 'WMLs']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progression of silent @entity4798 (SBIs) and @entity62 ( @entity62 ) seen on brain MRI is associated with an increased risk of @entity73 , but their relation to endothelial and inflammatory markers is unknown in @entity6 . METHODS: In 190 type 2 @entity6 outpatients (mean age 62.7_emsp14;years), the authors related baseline levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) to subsequent brain MRI findings and cognitive function. The authors assessed incident SBIs and changes in periventricular and subcortical @entity62 (PVWMLs and SCWMLs) on MRI performed at baseline and 3 and 6 years. Neuropsychological tests were administered to 83 @entity1 older than 65 years at 6 years. This present study represents an extension of the authors' previously published study. RESULTS: SBIs were observed in 46 @entity1 (24.2%), PVWMLs in 93 (48.9%) and SCWMLs in 87 (45.8%) on baseline MRI. After adjustment for age, gender, @entity101 , duration of @entity6 , baseline MRI findings and medication use, the relative odds associated with a 1SD increase in sICAM-1 levels at baseline were 1.67 (95% CI 1.02 to 3.05) for SBI progression and 2.17 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.62) for PVWML progression at 6 years. In contrast, baseline hs-CRP levels were significantly associated with SBI progression only at 3 years. Significant trends were observed between quartiles of sICAM-1 at baseline and scores in Digit Symbol substitution (p for trend=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that higher sICAM-1 levels are associated with SBI and PVWML progression, and may predict @entity73 .

title: Endothelial and inflammatory markers in relation to progression of ischaemic cerebral small-vessel disease and XXXX : a 6-year longitudinal study in @entity1 with @entity6 .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progression of silent @entity4798 (SBIs) and @entity62 ( @entity62 ) seen on brain MRI is associated with an increased risk of @entity73 , but their relation to endothelial and inflammatory markers is unknown in @entity6 . METHODS: In 190 type 2 @entity6 outpatients (mean age 62.7_emsp14;years), the authors related baseline levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) to subsequent brain MRI findings and cognitive function. The authors assessed incident SBIs and changes in periventricular and subcortical @entity62 (PVWMLs and SCWMLs) on MRI performed at baseline and 3 and 6 years. Neuropsychological tests were administered to 83 @entity1 older than 65 years at 6 years. This present study represents an extension of the authors' previously published study. RESULTS: SBIs were observed in 46 @entity1 (24.2%), PVWMLs in 93 (48.9%) and SCWMLs in 87 (45.8%) on baseline MRI. After adjustment for age, gender, @entity101 , duration of @entity6 , baseline MRI findings and medication use, the relative odds associated with a 1SD increase in sICAM-1 levels at baseline were 1.67 (95% CI 1.02 to 3.05) for SBI progression and 2.17 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.62) for PVWML progression at 6 years. In contrast, baseline hs-CRP levels were significantly associated with SBI progression only at 3 years. Significant trends were observed between quartiles of sICAM-1 at baseline and scores in Digit Symbol substitution (p for trend=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that higher sICAM-1 levels are associated with SBI and PVWML progression, and may predict @entity73 .

title: Endothelial and inflammatory markers in relation to progression of ischaemic cerebral small-vessel disease and @entity73 : a 6-year longitudinal study in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This paper describes an experimental study on vascular bundle transplantation into the femoral head of puppies before @entity1167 . Sixty-seven young mongrel @entity235 , about 3 months of age, were used in this study. Necrotized femoral heads were made by interruption of blood supply to the femoral head, extramedullary and intermedullary. The transplantation of a vascular bundle was performed on intact and necrotized femoral heads. One month after the interruption of blood supply, deformity, @entity194 and cystic formation of the head, and wide radiolucent shadow in the metaphysis were noted. Observation over nine months revealed flattening of the femoral head, @entity2249 and disappearance of the femoral head in severe cases. In the transplantation to intact femoral heads, transplanted vascular bundles maintained patency and anastomosed with preexisting vessels. Neither @entity1184 of the head nor distinctive pathological change was seen in the transplanted head or in the control side. In the transplantation to necrotized femoral heads, proliferation of new blood vessels was seen in the whole head. One month after the transplantation, new bone formation was active with proliferation of capillaries. Two months after the transplantation, dense cancellous bone or lamellar bone was made within the head, which showed @entity194 in four months after the surgery and bone marrow was restored. In the case of severe changes in the epiphyseal cartilage, @entity85 and shortening of the neck were noted although better restoration was obtained than in the control.

title: [Experimental study of vascular bundle transplantation to femoral head of young mongrel XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['shortening of the femoral neck']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['epiphyseal arrest']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of the femoral head']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: The present study examined whether a moderately aversive abdominal threat would lead to greater enhancement in affect- and @entity158 -related defensive responding as indexed by the acoustic @entity427 reflex (ASR) and nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) in @entity1 compared to @entity1 . We also predicted sex differences in threat-related autonomic arousal measured by @entity272 ( @entity272 ) to acoustic @entity427 and noxious sural nerve stimulation. Unpredictable threat was manipulated by alternating 30-second safe ("no abdominal stimulation will be given") and threat ("abdominal stimulation may occur at anytime") periods. The experiment consisted of 2 blocks, each containing 4 safe and 4 threat periods in which the ASR or NFR was randomly probed 9-21 seconds following period onset. Unpredictable abdominal threat potentiated both ASR and NFR responses compared to periods signaling safety. @entity272 to acoustic @entity427 probes and noxious sural nerve stimulation were also significantly elevated during the threat vs safe periods. No sex differences in ASR or @entity427 -evoked @entity272 emerged. However, nociceptive responding was moderated by sex; females showed significant increases in NFR magnitudes across both safe and threat periods compared to males. Females also showed greater threat-potentiated @entity272 to sural nerve stimulation than males. Our findings indicate that both affect- and @entity158 and arousal systems are strongly influenced by threat of an aversive, unpredictable event, a situation associated with anticipatory @entity148 . Females, compared to males, showed greater nociceptive responding and @entity158 modulation when exposed to an unpredictable threatening context, whereas affect-driven ASR responses showed no such sex differentiation.

title: Modulation of nociceptive and acoustic XXXX responses to an unpredictable threat in @entity1 and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related defense', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['SCRs', 'skin conductance responses']

answer: @entity427 :: (MESH:D012021,Disease) :: ['startle']