abstract: According to their fold, @entity2707 -dependent enzymes are grouped into five superfamilies. Fold Type I easily comprises the largest and most investigated group. The enzymes of this group have very similar 3D structures. Remarkably, the location of the cofactor in the active site, between the two domains that form a single subunit, is almost identical in all members of the group. Nonetheless, Fold Type I enzymes show very little sequence identity, raising the question as to which structural features determine the common fold. An important fold determinant appears to be the presence of three evolutionarily conserved clusters of hydrophobic contacts. A previous investigation, which used @entity526 @entity563 hydroxymethyltransferase, a well characterized Fold Type I member, demonstrated the involvement of one of these clusters in the stability of the quaternary structure. The present study focuses on the role of the same cluster in the stability of the cofactor binding site. The investigation was carried out by equilibrium denaturation experiments on @entity563 hydroxymethyltransferase forms in which the hydrophobic contact area of the cluster under study was reduced by site-directed mutagenesis. The results obtained show that the mutations clearly affected the process of @entity2707 dissociation induced by @entity1133 , reducing the stability of the cofactor binding site. We suggest that the third cluster promotes the formation of a bridging structural region that stabilizes the overall protein structure by connecting the two domains, shaping the cofactor binding site and participating in the formation of the quaternary structure.

title: Structural stability of the cofactor binding site in XXXX @entity563 hydroxymethyltransferase--the role of evolutionarily conserved hydrophobic contacts.

entities_list: @entity2707 :: ('MESH:D011732', 'Chemical') :: ["pyridoxal 5'-phosphate"]

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: According to their fold, @entity2707 -dependent enzymes are grouped into five superfamilies. Fold Type I easily comprises the largest and most investigated group. The enzymes of this group have very similar 3D structures. Remarkably, the location of the cofactor in the active site, between the two domains that form a single subunit, is almost identical in all members of the group. Nonetheless, Fold Type I enzymes show very little sequence identity, raising the question as to which structural features determine the common fold. An important fold determinant appears to be the presence of three evolutionarily conserved clusters of hydrophobic contacts. A previous investigation, which used @entity526 @entity563 hydroxymethyltransferase, a well characterized Fold Type I member, demonstrated the involvement of one of these clusters in the stability of the quaternary structure. The present study focuses on the role of the same cluster in the stability of the cofactor binding site. The investigation was carried out by equilibrium denaturation experiments on @entity563 hydroxymethyltransferase forms in which the hydrophobic contact area of the cluster under study was reduced by site-directed mutagenesis. The results obtained show that the mutations clearly affected the process of @entity2707 dissociation induced by @entity1133 , reducing the stability of the cofactor binding site. We suggest that the third cluster promotes the formation of a bridging structural region that stabilizes the overall protein structure by connecting the two domains, shaping the cofactor binding site and participating in the formation of the quaternary structure.

title: Structural stability of the cofactor binding site in @entity526 XXXX hydroxymethyltransferase--the role of evolutionarily conserved hydrophobic contacts.

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: Wild @entity6599 Papio cynocephalus ursinus, give tonal, harmonically rich vocalizations, termed grunts, in at least two distinct, behavioural contexts: when about to embark on a move across an open area ('move' grunts); and when approaching mothers and attempting to inspect or handle their young @entity1 (' @entity1 ' grunts). Grunts in these two contexts elicit different responses from receivers and appear to be acoustically distinct (Owren et al. 1997 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America101 2951-2963). Differences in responses to grunts in the two contexts may, then, be due to acoustic differences, reflecting at least a rudimentary capacity for referential signalling. Alternatively, responses may differ simply due to differences in the contexts in which the grunts are being produced. We conducted playback experiments to test between these hypotheses. Experiments were designed to control systematically the effects of both context and acoustic features so as to evaluate the role of each in determining responses to grunts. In playback trials, subjects differentiated between putative move and @entity1 grunts. Their responses based only on the acoustic features of grunts were functionally distinct and mirrored their behaviour to naturally occurring move and @entity1 grunts. However, subjects' responses were in some cases also affected by the context in which grunts were presented, and by an interaction between the context and the acoustic features of the grunts. Furthermore, responses to grunts were affected by the relative rank difference between the caller and the subject. These results indicate that @entity3474 grunts can function in rudimentary referential fashion, but that the context in which grunts are produced and the social identity of callers can also affect recipients' responses. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

title: The meaning and function of grunt variants in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

answer: @entity6599 :: (9557,Species) :: ['baboons']


abstract: 1. Cultured cells were grown in various concentrations of @entity1522 for periods up to 3 days and the characteristics of the @entity2228 transport system measured under fixed experimental conditions. During this time, the effect of enucleation, using cytochalasin B, and the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors ( @entity1880 and @entity4316 ) were investigated. 2. @entity2228 influx is regulated by the prior growth concentration of similarly transported @entity1522 . 3. The modification in transport involves primarily a change in Vmax (but also a change in Km in HeLa cells) and is effected within 2-10 hr after media change. Increased transport activity is calculated to be sufficient to compensate for the reduction in extracellular @entity535 concentration, so that nearly normal influx values from media are maintained. Regulation over the range of concentrations studied is shown to be very accurate. 4. The nucleus is essential for the regulatory mechanism to function. It seems probable that mRNA synthesis is required for acquisition of increased transport activity and mRNA translation required for maintenance of normal activity. 5. The controlling factor in the regulatory mechanism appears unlikely to be intracellular pool size. Other possible signals are discussed.

title: Evidence for genetic control of @entity2228 uptake in cultured cells, regulated by the XXXX concentration of the growth medium.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine', 'Glycine']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: 1. Cultured cells were grown in various concentrations of @entity1522 for periods up to 3 days and the characteristics of the @entity2228 transport system measured under fixed experimental conditions. During this time, the effect of enucleation, using cytochalasin B, and the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors ( @entity1880 and @entity4316 ) were investigated. 2. @entity2228 influx is regulated by the prior growth concentration of similarly transported @entity1522 . 3. The modification in transport involves primarily a change in Vmax (but also a change in Km in HeLa cells) and is effected within 2-10 hr after media change. Increased transport activity is calculated to be sufficient to compensate for the reduction in extracellular @entity535 concentration, so that nearly normal influx values from media are maintained. Regulation over the range of concentrations studied is shown to be very accurate. 4. The nucleus is essential for the regulatory mechanism to function. It seems probable that mRNA synthesis is required for acquisition of increased transport activity and mRNA translation required for maintenance of normal activity. 5. The controlling factor in the regulatory mechanism appears unlikely to be intracellular pool size. Other possible signals are discussed.

title: Evidence for genetic control of XXXX uptake in cultured cells, regulated by the @entity535 concentration of the growth medium.

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Very little is known about the response rates to or appropriateness of treatment for @entity1 with @entity358 . This study assessed the effect of antifungal therapy in @entity1 with @entity364 ( @entity364 ) and @entity5929 ( @entity5929 ). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 33 adult @entity1 who fulfilled the criteria for either @entity364 (n = 22) or @entity5929 (n = 11) was conducted. All @entity1 had received antifungal therapy for at least 6 months. The primary study end point was the effect of antifungal therapy on @entity1 ' lung function. RESULTS: Overall, total IgE values and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for A. fumigatus markedly decreased after 6 months of therapy in both @entity364 and @entity5929 @entity1 (P = 0.004 and P = 0.005, respectively). Reduction was seen in the eosinophil count (P = 0.037), dose of oral @entity230 (P = 0.043) and courses of systemic @entity230 required (P = 0.041). Lung function also improved (P = 0.016). Four of 10 @entity1 discontinued oral @entity230 after 6 months of therapy. Reduction in IgE levels (P = 0.015) and RAST for A. fumigatus was also observed (P = 0.006) for those @entity1 treated for at least 1 year with antifungal drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity5929 and @entity364 @entity1 benefited from oral antifungal therapy. The antifungal therapy may act by reducing the antigenic load, interacting with @entity288 or by a direct immunological effect.

title: The effects of antifungal therapy on XXXX and @entity5929 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['severe asthma with fungal sensitization', 'SAFS']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['allergic fungal diseases of the lung']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['ABPA', 'allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['severe asthma with fungal sensitization']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Very little is known about the response rates to or appropriateness of treatment for @entity1 with @entity358 . This study assessed the effect of antifungal therapy in @entity1 with @entity364 ( @entity364 ) and @entity5929 ( @entity5929 ). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 33 adult @entity1 who fulfilled the criteria for either @entity364 (n = 22) or @entity5929 (n = 11) was conducted. All @entity1 had received antifungal therapy for at least 6 months. The primary study end point was the effect of antifungal therapy on @entity1 ' lung function. RESULTS: Overall, total IgE values and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for A. fumigatus markedly decreased after 6 months of therapy in both @entity364 and @entity5929 @entity1 (P = 0.004 and P = 0.005, respectively). Reduction was seen in the eosinophil count (P = 0.037), dose of oral @entity230 (P = 0.043) and courses of systemic @entity230 required (P = 0.041). Lung function also improved (P = 0.016). Four of 10 @entity1 discontinued oral @entity230 after 6 months of therapy. Reduction in IgE levels (P = 0.015) and RAST for A. fumigatus was also observed (P = 0.006) for those @entity1 treated for at least 1 year with antifungal drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity5929 and @entity364 @entity1 benefited from oral antifungal therapy. The antifungal therapy may act by reducing the antigenic load, interacting with @entity288 or by a direct immunological effect.

title: The effects of antifungal therapy on @entity364 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5929 :: (MESH:D001229,Disease) :: ['allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']


abstract: Dilution refolding of consensus interferon (C-IFN) had a limit on final concentration not exceeding 0.1 mg ml(-1) in order to achieve specific activity of 2.2x10(8) U mg(-1). Addition of @entity968 ( @entity970 ) only gave a marginal improvement on the specific activity. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) was tried but a simple step-wise elution could not refold the protein. Successful refolding was achieved by gradient elution with the decreasing of @entity2097 ( @entity2097 - @entity5828 ) concentration. The column was packed with a commercially available HIC medium that was designed for protein separation. @entity968 was found to possess better effect on the column than in the dilution for promotion of correct refolding, especially in gradient mode. A novel dual-gradient strategy, consisting of decreasing @entity2097 - @entity5828 concentration and increasing @entity970 concentration, was developed to enhance the refolding yield. Denatured C-IFN was allowed to adsorb and elute from the HIC column through a gradually changed solution environment. Compared with dilution refolding, the gradient HIC process, in the presence of @entity970 , gave about 2.6-folds of increase in specific activity, 30% increase in soluble protein recovery. Partial purification was also achieved simultaneously.

title: On-column refolding of consensus interferon at high concentration with XXXX and @entity968 gradients.

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine', 'guanidine-hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylene glycol', 'polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity2097 :: (MESH:D019791,Chemical) :: ['guanidine-hydrochloride']


abstract: Dilution refolding of consensus interferon (C-IFN) had a limit on final concentration not exceeding 0.1 mg ml(-1) in order to achieve specific activity of 2.2x10(8) U mg(-1). Addition of @entity968 ( @entity970 ) only gave a marginal improvement on the specific activity. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) was tried but a simple step-wise elution could not refold the protein. Successful refolding was achieved by gradient elution with the decreasing of @entity2097 ( @entity2097 - @entity5828 ) concentration. The column was packed with a commercially available HIC medium that was designed for protein separation. @entity968 was found to possess better effect on the column than in the dilution for promotion of correct refolding, especially in gradient mode. A novel dual-gradient strategy, consisting of decreasing @entity2097 - @entity5828 concentration and increasing @entity970 concentration, was developed to enhance the refolding yield. Denatured C-IFN was allowed to adsorb and elute from the HIC column through a gradually changed solution environment. Compared with dilution refolding, the gradient HIC process, in the presence of @entity970 , gave about 2.6-folds of increase in specific activity, 30% increase in soluble protein recovery. Partial purification was also achieved simultaneously.

title: On-column refolding of consensus interferon at high concentration with @entity2097 and XXXX gradients.

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: In 1952, Copenhagen was confronted with a @entity3328 epidemic that involved the respiratory musculature in large numbers of @entity1 . The anaesthetist B. Ibsen, who established @entity544 intoxication due to severe @entity3316 as the cause of @entity204 , proposed that the @entity1 be treated by tracheostomy and positive pressure respiration in order to achieve better ventilation than with an @entity68 lung. In the Netherlands, it was decided to organise the control ofthe epidemics on a nationwide basis. Various hospitals were asked to set up artificial respiration centres. In addition, the Beatrix Fund was set up in order to collect money for combating @entity3328 . The epidemic reached the Netherlands in 1956. In Groningen University Medical Centre, 74 @entity1 were admitted, of whom 36 had to be ventilated. In two cases, the mechanical ventilation could not be stopped and one of these was ultimately discharged home with chronic ventilation in 1960, thus becoming the first @entity1 in the Netherlands to be given mechanical ventilation at home. The mechanical ventilation centres developed into the intensive care units as we know them today. Most of the forms of treatment now in use are based on the techniques thought up and elaborated by the pioneers working in the mechanical ventilation centres. The latest development in this series is the development of centres for home mechanical ventilation.

title: [From the XXXX epidemic to the founding of artificial respiration centres, intensive care units and centres for home mechanical ventilation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity3328 :: (MESH:D011051,Disease) :: ['poliomyelitis']


abstract: @entity1228 is a rare clinical entity involving @entity432 . Obstruction occurs secondary to compression of the left common iliac vein between the right common iliac artery and the underlying vertebral body. Current management largely involves endovascular therapy. A review was conducted of six studies containing at least five @entity1 with @entity1228 treated by endovascular therapy. We compiled data on 113 @entity1 , analyzing @entity1 demographics, treatment details, and outcome. An 18-year-old female presented 1 week after the onset of left lower extremity @entity158 and @entity4 . Duplex ultrasonography revealed extensive left-sided @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). Thrombolysis followed by iliac vein stent placement restored patency to the venous system, with subsequent resolution of symptoms. Review of 113 @entity1 revealed that the majority were females (72%) presenting with @entity1150 (77%), most of which was acute in onset (73%). Therapy consisted of catheter-directed thrombolysis and subsequent stent placement in the majority of @entity1 , resulting in a mean technical success of 95% and a mean 1-year patency of 96%. Endovascular therapy is the current mainstay of treatment for @entity1228 . Review of the current literature supports treatment via catheter-directed thrombolysis followed by stent placement with good early results.

title: XXXX : case report and review of the literature involving modern endovascular therapy.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1228 :: ('MESH:D062108', 'Disease') :: ['May-Thurner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction of the left lower extremity']

answer: @entity1228 :: (MESH:D062108,Disease) :: ['May-Thurner syndrome']


abstract: In North Carolina, @entity523 spotted wilt tospovirus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, @entity57570 ) is vectored primarily by the @entity286 thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). @entity57570 overwinters in winter annual weeds from which it is spread to susceptible crops in spring. Because most susceptible crops are destroyed after harvest before winter weeds emerge in the fall, infected summer weeds are thought to be the principal source for spread of @entity57570 to winter annual weeds in fall. A survey of summer weeds associated with @entity57570 -susceptible crops in the coastal plain of North Carolina conducted between May and October revealed that relatively few species were commonly infected with @entity57570 and supported populations of F. fusca or F. occidentalis. F. occidentalis made up > 75% of vector species collected from 15 summer weed species during 2002. The number of F. occidentalis and F. fusca immatures collected from plant samples varied significantly among plant species. @entity60930 , Mollugo verticillata L., Cassia obtusifolia L., and Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats supported the largest numbers of immature F. occidentalis. Richardia scabra L., @entity64217 , and Ipomoea hederacea (L.) supported the largest numbers of F. fusca immatures. @entity57570 was present at 16 of 17 locations, and naturally occurring @entity281 were found in 14 of 29 weed species tested. Five of the @entity57570 -infected species have not previously been reported as hosts of @entity57570 (A. palmeri, Solidago altissima L., Ipomoea lacunosa L., @entity60930 , and Phytolacca americana L.). Estimated rates of @entity281 were highest in @entity60930 (6.8%), @entity64217 (5.3%), and I. hederacea (1.9%). When both the incidence of @entity281 by @entity57570 and the populations of F. occidentalis and F. fusca associated with each weed species are considered, the following summer weed species have the potential to act as significant sources for spread of @entity57570 to winter annual weeds in fall: @entity60930 , I. hederacea, @entity64217 , A. palmeri, C. obtusifolia, R. scabra, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Polygonum pensylvanicum L., and Chenopodium album L.

title: Summer weeds as hosts for Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and as reservoirs for XXXX spotted wilt Tospovirus in North Carolina.

entities_list: @entity60930 :: ('4121', 'Species') :: ['I. purpurea', 'Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of @entity21079 ( @entity25053 ) has been evaluated for the treatment of nail bed injuries in adults. We propose to validate this technique in a continuous paediatric population of 30 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with nail bed injuries associated with displaced @entity174 of the distal phalanx were excluded from the study. However, parcellar @entity174 of the tuft were included. After removal of the nail, wound detersion and anatomic positioning of the nail bed was done and maintained under the nail plate using a single dose of @entity25053 . Follow-up evaluation was done at day 7 and 1 and 3  months. RESULTS: The mean delay between the @entity130 and the surgery was 13.5  h. The nail bed lesion was a single transversal wound in 27 cases. A pulpar wound was associated in 22 cases. At 3 months control (final follow-up), no @entity2531 was noted. The cosmetic result was excellent for the @entity1 and his family in 30 out of 31 cases. It was excellent for the surgeon in 25 cases and good in six cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity25053 technique, meticulous primary detersion and exact anatomic positioning of the damaged nail bed is mandatory before applying the @entity3080 adhesive. In our experience, we found that the @entity25053 technique provided a fast and safe result in nail bed lesions. The final cosmetic appearance, function and @entity1 satisfaction were good in our series. In these lesions, discomfort and inconvenience associated with suture removal could be avoided by the use of @entity25053 .

title: The use of XXXX ( @entity21079 (  )) for the treatment of nail bed injuries in @entity1 : results of a prospective series of 30 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity21079 :: ('MESH:C100832', 'Chemical') :: ['2-octylcyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain or functional impairment']

answer: @entity21079 :: (MESH:C100832,Chemical) :: ['2-octylcyanoacrylate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of @entity21079 ( @entity25053 ) has been evaluated for the treatment of nail bed injuries in adults. We propose to validate this technique in a continuous paediatric population of 30 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with nail bed injuries associated with displaced @entity174 of the distal phalanx were excluded from the study. However, parcellar @entity174 of the tuft were included. After removal of the nail, wound detersion and anatomic positioning of the nail bed was done and maintained under the nail plate using a single dose of @entity25053 . Follow-up evaluation was done at day 7 and 1 and 3  months. RESULTS: The mean delay between the @entity130 and the surgery was 13.5  h. The nail bed lesion was a single transversal wound in 27 cases. A pulpar wound was associated in 22 cases. At 3 months control (final follow-up), no @entity2531 was noted. The cosmetic result was excellent for the @entity1 and his family in 30 out of 31 cases. It was excellent for the surgeon in 25 cases and good in six cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity25053 technique, meticulous primary detersion and exact anatomic positioning of the damaged nail bed is mandatory before applying the @entity3080 adhesive. In our experience, we found that the @entity25053 technique provided a fast and safe result in nail bed lesions. The final cosmetic appearance, function and @entity1 satisfaction were good in our series. In these lesions, discomfort and inconvenience associated with suture removal could be avoided by the use of @entity25053 .

title: The use of @entity21079 ( XXXX (  )) for the treatment of nail bed injuries in @entity1 : results of a prospective series of 30 @entity1 .

answer: @entity21079 :: (MESH:C100832,Chemical) :: ['Dermabond']


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of @entity21079 ( @entity25053 ) has been evaluated for the treatment of nail bed injuries in adults. We propose to validate this technique in a continuous paediatric population of 30 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with nail bed injuries associated with displaced @entity174 of the distal phalanx were excluded from the study. However, parcellar @entity174 of the tuft were included. After removal of the nail, wound detersion and anatomic positioning of the nail bed was done and maintained under the nail plate using a single dose of @entity25053 . Follow-up evaluation was done at day 7 and 1 and 3  months. RESULTS: The mean delay between the @entity130 and the surgery was 13.5  h. The nail bed lesion was a single transversal wound in 27 cases. A pulpar wound was associated in 22 cases. At 3 months control (final follow-up), no @entity2531 was noted. The cosmetic result was excellent for the @entity1 and his family in 30 out of 31 cases. It was excellent for the surgeon in 25 cases and good in six cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity25053 technique, meticulous primary detersion and exact anatomic positioning of the damaged nail bed is mandatory before applying the @entity3080 adhesive. In our experience, we found that the @entity25053 technique provided a fast and safe result in nail bed lesions. The final cosmetic appearance, function and @entity1 satisfaction were good in our series. In these lesions, discomfort and inconvenience associated with suture removal could be avoided by the use of @entity25053 .

title: The use of @entity21079 ( @entity21079 (  )) for the treatment of nail bed injuries in XXXX : results of a prospective series of 30 @entity1 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of @entity21079 ( @entity25053 ) has been evaluated for the treatment of nail bed injuries in adults. We propose to validate this technique in a continuous paediatric population of 30 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with nail bed injuries associated with displaced @entity174 of the distal phalanx were excluded from the study. However, parcellar @entity174 of the tuft were included. After removal of the nail, wound detersion and anatomic positioning of the nail bed was done and maintained under the nail plate using a single dose of @entity25053 . Follow-up evaluation was done at day 7 and 1 and 3  months. RESULTS: The mean delay between the @entity130 and the surgery was 13.5  h. The nail bed lesion was a single transversal wound in 27 cases. A pulpar wound was associated in 22 cases. At 3 months control (final follow-up), no @entity2531 was noted. The cosmetic result was excellent for the @entity1 and his family in 30 out of 31 cases. It was excellent for the surgeon in 25 cases and good in six cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity25053 technique, meticulous primary detersion and exact anatomic positioning of the damaged nail bed is mandatory before applying the @entity3080 adhesive. In our experience, we found that the @entity25053 technique provided a fast and safe result in nail bed lesions. The final cosmetic appearance, function and @entity1 satisfaction were good in our series. In these lesions, discomfort and inconvenience associated with suture removal could be avoided by the use of @entity25053 .

title: The use of @entity21079 ( @entity21079 (  )) for the treatment of nail bed injuries in @entity1 : results of a prospective series of 30 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether @entity5 are best surgically managed by pancreaticoduodenectomy versus local ampullectomy is controversial. We sought to examine the outcome of @entity1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy versus ampullectomy, as well as to identify factors predictive of lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: Between 1970 and 2007, 450 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection of ampullary @entity652 or @entity420 were identified from a prospective, single-institution database. Data on clinicopathologic factors, morbidity, mortality, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: The initial surgical procedure was pancreaticoduodenectomy in 96.7% @entity1 and ampullectomy in 3.3%. Final diagnosis was invasive @entity420 (77.1%) or @entity652 (22.9%). Median @entity5 size was similar for @entity652 associated with an @entity420 (2.5 cm) versus @entity652 without @entity3 (2.9 cm; P=0.71). Morbidity was comparable with pancreaticoduodenectomy (52.2%) versus ampullectomy (33.3%; P=0.15), as was 30-day mortality (pancreaticoduodenectomy, 2.1% versus ampullectomy, 0%; P=0.6). @entity3 to regional lymph nodes was present in 54.5% @entity1 with @entity420 . Factors associated with presence of lymph node @entity3 included @entity5 size > or = 1 cm ( @entity3122 ), poor histologicgrade (OR 4.8), perineural invasion (OR 3.0), microscopic vessel invasion ( @entity27894 ), and depth of invasion > @entity2558 (OR 4.3; all P<0.05). Specifically, risk of lymph node @entity3 increased with T stage (T1, 28.0%; T2, 50.9%; T3, 71.7%; T4, 77.3%; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: When surgery is indicated, radical resection is required for early invasive @entity420 of the ampulla of Vater, as lymph node @entity3 are present in nearly 30% of @entity1 with T1 disease. Pancreaticoduodenectomy should be the preferred approach for most @entity5 that require surgical resection.

title: Clinicopathologic analysis of XXXX in 450 @entity1 : implications for surgical strategy and long-term prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ampullary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastatic disease', 'metastases', 'invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['ampullary neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether @entity5 are best surgically managed by pancreaticoduodenectomy versus local ampullectomy is controversial. We sought to examine the outcome of @entity1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy versus ampullectomy, as well as to identify factors predictive of lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: Between 1970 and 2007, 450 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection of ampullary @entity652 or @entity420 were identified from a prospective, single-institution database. Data on clinicopathologic factors, morbidity, mortality, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: The initial surgical procedure was pancreaticoduodenectomy in 96.7% @entity1 and ampullectomy in 3.3%. Final diagnosis was invasive @entity420 (77.1%) or @entity652 (22.9%). Median @entity5 size was similar for @entity652 associated with an @entity420 (2.5 cm) versus @entity652 without @entity3 (2.9 cm; P=0.71). Morbidity was comparable with pancreaticoduodenectomy (52.2%) versus ampullectomy (33.3%; P=0.15), as was 30-day mortality (pancreaticoduodenectomy, 2.1% versus ampullectomy, 0%; P=0.6). @entity3 to regional lymph nodes was present in 54.5% @entity1 with @entity420 . Factors associated with presence of lymph node @entity3 included @entity5 size > or = 1 cm ( @entity3122 ), poor histologicgrade (OR 4.8), perineural invasion (OR 3.0), microscopic vessel invasion ( @entity27894 ), and depth of invasion > @entity2558 (OR 4.3; all P<0.05). Specifically, risk of lymph node @entity3 increased with T stage (T1, 28.0%; T2, 50.9%; T3, 71.7%; T4, 77.3%; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: When surgery is indicated, radical resection is required for early invasive @entity420 of the ampulla of Vater, as lymph node @entity3 are present in nearly 30% of @entity1 with T1 disease. Pancreaticoduodenectomy should be the preferred approach for most @entity5 that require surgical resection.

title: Clinicopathologic analysis of @entity5 in 450 XXXX : implications for surgical strategy and long-term prognosis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Oxidative stress and LDL modification (oxLDL) are early pro-atherogenic events. OxLDL binds @entity9500 producing immunogenic oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes. Antibodies to these complexes have been associated with arterial @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). Circulating oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes, IgG and IgM antibodies to these complexes were measured by ELISA in 30 @entity1252 @entity1 asymptomatic for @entity65 (mean age 31 years) and 27 age/sex matched healthy controls. Carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) was measured by ultrasound in all @entity1 and controls. Forty-seven percent of @entity1252 presented plaques (median @entity121 of 0.65 +/- 0.12 mm) while only 7% of the controls had plaques (median @entity121 of 0.50 +/- 0.04 mm, P < 0.001). Median optical density (OD450nm) for oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes in @entity1252 was 0.244 +/- 0.07, higher than controls (0.174 +/- 0.09, P < 0.001). Median OD for IgG anti-oxLDL/ @entity9500 antibodies was also higher in @entity1252 (0.297 +/- 0.26) compared to controls (0.194 +/- 0.07, P < 0.001) while the median OD for IgM antibodies in @entity1252 (0.444 +/- 0.46) was not different than controls (0.326 +/- 0.22, P = 0.267). There was no correlation between @entity121 and oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes, IgG or IgM antibodies, possibly reflecting the complex interrelationship between these serologic elements and tissue factors in the arterial wall. These results support the hypothesis that oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes and IgG (not IgM) anti-oxLDL/ @entity9500 antibodies contribute to the development of autoimmune-mediated @entity731 .

title: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein I in @entity1 with @entity1252 and increased carotid XXXX : implications in autoimmune-mediated @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['intima-media thickness']


abstract: Oxidative stress and LDL modification (oxLDL) are early pro-atherogenic events. OxLDL binds @entity9500 producing immunogenic oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes. Antibodies to these complexes have been associated with arterial @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). Circulating oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes, IgG and IgM antibodies to these complexes were measured by ELISA in 30 @entity1252 @entity1 asymptomatic for @entity65 (mean age 31 years) and 27 age/sex matched healthy controls. Carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) was measured by ultrasound in all @entity1 and controls. Forty-seven percent of @entity1252 presented plaques (median @entity121 of 0.65 +/- 0.12 mm) while only 7% of the controls had plaques (median @entity121 of 0.50 +/- 0.04 mm, P < 0.001). Median optical density (OD450nm) for oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes in @entity1252 was 0.244 +/- 0.07, higher than controls (0.174 +/- 0.09, P < 0.001). Median OD for IgG anti-oxLDL/ @entity9500 antibodies was also higher in @entity1252 (0.297 +/- 0.26) compared to controls (0.194 +/- 0.07, P < 0.001) while the median OD for IgM antibodies in @entity1252 (0.444 +/- 0.46) was not different than controls (0.326 +/- 0.22, P = 0.267). There was no correlation between @entity121 and oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes, IgG or IgM antibodies, possibly reflecting the complex interrelationship between these serologic elements and tissue factors in the arterial wall. These results support the hypothesis that oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes and IgG (not IgM) anti-oxLDL/ @entity9500 antibodies contribute to the development of autoimmune-mediated @entity731 .

title: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein I in @entity1 with XXXX and increased carotid @entity121 : implications in autoimmune-mediated @entity731 .

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Oxidative stress and LDL modification (oxLDL) are early pro-atherogenic events. OxLDL binds @entity9500 producing immunogenic oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes. Antibodies to these complexes have been associated with arterial @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). Circulating oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes, IgG and IgM antibodies to these complexes were measured by ELISA in 30 @entity1252 @entity1 asymptomatic for @entity65 (mean age 31 years) and 27 age/sex matched healthy controls. Carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) was measured by ultrasound in all @entity1 and controls. Forty-seven percent of @entity1252 presented plaques (median @entity121 of 0.65 +/- 0.12 mm) while only 7% of the controls had plaques (median @entity121 of 0.50 +/- 0.04 mm, P < 0.001). Median optical density (OD450nm) for oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes in @entity1252 was 0.244 +/- 0.07, higher than controls (0.174 +/- 0.09, P < 0.001). Median OD for IgG anti-oxLDL/ @entity9500 antibodies was also higher in @entity1252 (0.297 +/- 0.26) compared to controls (0.194 +/- 0.07, P < 0.001) while the median OD for IgM antibodies in @entity1252 (0.444 +/- 0.46) was not different than controls (0.326 +/- 0.22, P = 0.267). There was no correlation between @entity121 and oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes, IgG or IgM antibodies, possibly reflecting the complex interrelationship between these serologic elements and tissue factors in the arterial wall. These results support the hypothesis that oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes and IgG (not IgM) anti-oxLDL/ @entity9500 antibodies contribute to the development of autoimmune-mediated @entity731 .

title: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein I in @entity1 with @entity1252 and increased carotid @entity121 : implications in autoimmune-mediated XXXX .

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: Oxidative stress and LDL modification (oxLDL) are early pro-atherogenic events. OxLDL binds @entity9500 producing immunogenic oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes. Antibodies to these complexes have been associated with arterial @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). Circulating oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes, IgG and IgM antibodies to these complexes were measured by ELISA in 30 @entity1252 @entity1 asymptomatic for @entity65 (mean age 31 years) and 27 age/sex matched healthy controls. Carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) was measured by ultrasound in all @entity1 and controls. Forty-seven percent of @entity1252 presented plaques (median @entity121 of 0.65 +/- 0.12 mm) while only 7% of the controls had plaques (median @entity121 of 0.50 +/- 0.04 mm, P < 0.001). Median optical density (OD450nm) for oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes in @entity1252 was 0.244 +/- 0.07, higher than controls (0.174 +/- 0.09, P < 0.001). Median OD for IgG anti-oxLDL/ @entity9500 antibodies was also higher in @entity1252 (0.297 +/- 0.26) compared to controls (0.194 +/- 0.07, P < 0.001) while the median OD for IgM antibodies in @entity1252 (0.444 +/- 0.46) was not different than controls (0.326 +/- 0.22, P = 0.267). There was no correlation between @entity121 and oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes, IgG or IgM antibodies, possibly reflecting the complex interrelationship between these serologic elements and tissue factors in the arterial wall. These results support the hypothesis that oxLDL/ @entity9500 complexes and IgG (not IgM) anti-oxLDL/ @entity9500 antibodies contribute to the development of autoimmune-mediated @entity731 .

title: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein I in XXXX with @entity1252 and increased carotid @entity121 : implications in autoimmune-mediated @entity731 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECT: The aim of this study was to evaluate conservative medical management of 44 @entity1 with @entity3083 . The prognostic significance of various clinical, radiological, and long-term follow-up findings in these @entity1 was also evaluated. METHODS: Between January 1990 and January 2005 data were collected prospectively at the authors' clinic in 44 @entity1 with @entity3083 in the thoracic or lumbar spine. These @entity1 had no major @entity51 or severe @entity85 . The study population consisted of 21 male (48%) and 23 female (52%) @entity1 , with a mean age of 42.1 years (range 10-70 years). The most common region of @entity3083 was the thoracolumbar junction (18 cases; 41%), followed by the thoracic (16 cases; 36%) and lumbar (10 cases; 23%) regions. All @entity1 presented with abscesses. With the exception of two cases, all had kyphotic angles smaller than 30 degrees. At presentation, 20 @entity1 had neurological signs of @entity1745 during clinical examination. Both clinical and biopsy findings were used in all cases for diagnosis. A diagnosis was confirmed by a positive biopsy specimen culture in 19 (43.2%) of 44 cases, and histopathological findings were compatible with the results of these cultures in all cases. All @entity1 were treated with antituberculous chemotherapy, and the diseases in only two (4.5%) was resistant to the regimen. An independent observer assessed the clinical and imaging findings after a mean follow-up duration of 40 months. Forty-two (95.4%) of the 44 @entity1 were successfully treated with conservative medical management and attained acceptable spinal deformity angles, and none of these @entity1 had any residual instability, @entity614 , or neurological compromise. Only 4.5% of the @entity1 experienced residual @entity85 (as much as a 30 degrees kyphotic angle), which was clinically obvious but biomechanically stable. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity3083 in the lumbar or thoracic region, without @entity51 or @entity1513 , can be treated conservatively in the vast majority of cases. Indications for surgery need to be redefined given these new data.

title: Medical management of XXXX in the thoracic and lumbar spine: a prospective clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['Pott disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities', 'spine deformity']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity3083 :: (MESH:D014399,Disease) :: ['Pott disease']


abstract: Distinct MAP kinase pathways in @entity375 share several signaling components , including the PAK Ste20 and the MAPKKK @entity6770 , yet signaling is specific. Mating pheromones trigger an initial step in which Ste20 activates @entity6770 , and this requires plasma membrane recruitment of the MAP kinase cascade scaffold protein, @entity5678 . Here, we demonstrate an additional role for @entity5678 membrane localization. Once @entity6770 is activated, signaling through the mating pathway remains minimal but is substantially amplified when @entity5678 is recruited to the membrane either by the Gbetagamma dimer or by direct membrane targeting, even to internal membranes. @entity6770 signaling is also amplified by @entity5678 oligomerization and by a hyperactivating mutation in the @entity6771 binding region of @entity5678 . We suggest a model in which membrane recruitment of @entity5678 concentrates its binding partners and thereby amplifies signaling through the kinase cascade. We find similar behavior in the osmotically responsive HOG pathway. Remarkably, while both @entity5681 and hyperosmotic stimuli amplify signaling from constitutively active @entity6770 , the resulting signaling output remains pathway specific. These findings suggest a common mode of regulation in which pathway stimuli both initiate and amplify MAP kinase cascade signaling. The regulation of rate-limiting steps that lie after a branchpoint from shared components helps ensure signaling specificity.

title: Dual role for membrane localization in XXXX MAP kinase cascade activation and its contribution to signaling fidelity.

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of reducing the hyperopic correction on the state of binocular accommodative response in fully accommodative @entity5971 and to determine the "comfortable" amount of reduction in hyperopic correction. DESIGN: A cohort study. METHODS: Hyperopic corrections of @entity1 with a baseline @entity2516 of +1.50 to +5.0 diopters were gradually reduced in 0.50-diopter increments. Binocular accommodative ability was assessed by dynamic retinoscopy (monocular estimate method). Similar binocular accommodative responses were ascertained among @entity1 with a baseline hyperopic correction of < or =3.0 of @entity3467 and >3.0 of @entity3467 , and @entity1 were divided into two groups, group 1 (13 @entity1 ) and group 2 (18 @entity1 ), accordingly. RESULTS: After a reduction of 2.0 diopters in group 1 and 1.0 diopter in group 2, there was a decrease in accommodative response initially in the nondominant eye, accompanied by the dominant eye with a further reduction of 0.50 diopter. To overcome the bilateral accommodative lag, a reinstatement of a 0.50-diopter stronger hyperopic correction was required. @entity1 in group 1 tolerated a mean undercorrection of 2.37 diopters, and 77% were weaned from their spectacles. All of the @entity1 in group 2 were dependent upon spectacles at the completion of the study period. The final spectacle worn was a median of -1.67 diopters less than their full cycloplegic refraction. CONCLUSIONS: A complete binocular accommodative ability seems to be a prerequisite for the establishment of "comfortable" hyperopic undercorrections. It does not seem to be a reasonable approach to consider further reductions in hyperopic correction in the presence of a bilateral decreased accommodative performance.

title: The accommodative element in accommodative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']


abstract: PURPOSE To assess the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2240 monotherapy in palliative @entity213 ( @entity213 ). @entity1 AND METHODS Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity213 having evidence of @entity74 ( @entity74 ) were treated with @entity2240 37.5 mg/d given continuously until @entity74 or unacceptable @entity137 . The primary end point was the rate of disease control, defined as @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or partial response (PR) at 6 to 8 weeks after treatment initiation (two-stage design, Simon). Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was performed in a subset of @entity1 before and 6 to 8 weeks after treatment. The volume transfer constant of the contrast agent (K(trans)) was used to measure changes in the microcirculation blood flow and endothelial permeability of the @entity5 . Results A PR was observed in one @entity1 , @entity66 in 18, and @entity74 in 19 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST]), resulting in a disease control rate of 50%. Among the 18 @entity1 with @entity66 , there were five unconfirmed PRs and six additional minor responses. A significant decrease in K(trans) was seen in three of the four @entity1 who received DCE-MRI monitoring. Grade 5 @entity135 occurred in four @entity1 . Local complications, including the appearance or worsening of @entity5 skin ulceration or @entity5 fistula, were recorded in 15 @entity1 . CONCLUSION @entity2240 demonstrated modest activity in palliative SSCHN. The severity of some of the complications highlights the importance of improved @entity1 selection for future studies with @entity2240 in @entity135 . @entity2240 should not be used outside clinical trials in SSCHN.

title: Phase II study of @entity2240 in recurrent or metastatic XXXX : GORTEC 2006-01.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck bleeds']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck']


abstract: PURPOSE To assess the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2240 monotherapy in palliative @entity213 ( @entity213 ). @entity1 AND METHODS Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity213 having evidence of @entity74 ( @entity74 ) were treated with @entity2240 37.5 mg/d given continuously until @entity74 or unacceptable @entity137 . The primary end point was the rate of disease control, defined as @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or partial response (PR) at 6 to 8 weeks after treatment initiation (two-stage design, Simon). Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was performed in a subset of @entity1 before and 6 to 8 weeks after treatment. The volume transfer constant of the contrast agent (K(trans)) was used to measure changes in the microcirculation blood flow and endothelial permeability of the @entity5 . Results A PR was observed in one @entity1 , @entity66 in 18, and @entity74 in 19 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST]), resulting in a disease control rate of 50%. Among the 18 @entity1 with @entity66 , there were five unconfirmed PRs and six additional minor responses. A significant decrease in K(trans) was seen in three of the four @entity1 who received DCE-MRI monitoring. Grade 5 @entity135 occurred in four @entity1 . Local complications, including the appearance or worsening of @entity5 skin ulceration or @entity5 fistula, were recorded in 15 @entity1 . CONCLUSION @entity2240 demonstrated modest activity in palliative SSCHN. The severity of some of the complications highlights the importance of improved @entity1 selection for future studies with @entity2240 in @entity135 . @entity2240 should not be used outside clinical trials in SSCHN.

title: Phase II study of XXXX in recurrent or metastatic @entity213 : GORTEC 2006-01.

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: In primates, @entity5804 ( @entity4151 ) is a pituitary hormone with fundamental roles during pregnancy involving fetal growth, metabolism, and stimulating lactation in the mother. @entity1 @entity5804 ( @entity4151 ) is highly conserved with @entity1 growth hormone (hGH) and both hormones bind to the hPRLR extracellular domain (ECD), the first step in receptor homodimerization, in a @entity8862 -dependent manner. A modified surface plasmon resonance method was developed to measure the kinetics for @entity4151 and hGH binding to the hPRLR ECD, with and without @entity8862 and showed that @entity4151 has about a tenfold higher affinity for the hPRLR ECD1 than hGH. The crystal structure of the free state of @entity4151 has been determined to 2.0 A resolution showing the molecule possesses an overall structure similar to other long chain four-helix bundle cytokines. Comparison of the free @entity4151 structure with the 1:1 complex structure of hGH bound to the hPRLR ECD1 suggests that two surface loops undergo conformational changes >10 A upon binding. An 18 residue Ala-scan was used to characterize the binding energy epitope for the site 1 interface of @entity4151 . Individual @entity493 substitutions at five positions reduced binding affinity by a DeltaDeltaG > or = 3 kcal mol(-1). A comparison of the @entity4151 site 1 epitope with that previously determined for hGH indicates contributions of individual residues track reasonably well between @entity4151 and hGH. In particular, residues involved in the @entity219 -binding site and Lys172 constitute the principal binding determinants for both hormones. However, several residues that are identical between @entity4151 and hGH contribute quite differently to the binding of the hPRLR ECD1. Additionally, the overall magnitudes of the DeltaDeltaG changes observed from the Ala-scan of @entity4151 were markedly larger than those determined in the comparative scan of hGH to the hPRLR ECD1. The structural and biophysical data presented here show that subtle changes in the structural context of an interaction can lead to significantly different effects at the individual residue level.

title: Crystal structure and site 1 binding energetics of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5804 :: ('1443', 'Gene') :: ['placental lactogen']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity5804 :: (1443,Gene) :: ['placental lactogen']


abstract: In primates, @entity5804 ( @entity4151 ) is a pituitary hormone with fundamental roles during pregnancy involving fetal growth, metabolism, and stimulating lactation in the mother. @entity1 @entity5804 ( @entity4151 ) is highly conserved with @entity1 growth hormone (hGH) and both hormones bind to the hPRLR extracellular domain (ECD), the first step in receptor homodimerization, in a @entity8862 -dependent manner. A modified surface plasmon resonance method was developed to measure the kinetics for @entity4151 and hGH binding to the hPRLR ECD, with and without @entity8862 and showed that @entity4151 has about a tenfold higher affinity for the hPRLR ECD1 than hGH. The crystal structure of the free state of @entity4151 has been determined to 2.0 A resolution showing the molecule possesses an overall structure similar to other long chain four-helix bundle cytokines. Comparison of the free @entity4151 structure with the 1:1 complex structure of hGH bound to the hPRLR ECD1 suggests that two surface loops undergo conformational changes >10 A upon binding. An 18 residue Ala-scan was used to characterize the binding energy epitope for the site 1 interface of @entity4151 . Individual @entity493 substitutions at five positions reduced binding affinity by a DeltaDeltaG > or = 3 kcal mol(-1). A comparison of the @entity4151 site 1 epitope with that previously determined for hGH indicates contributions of individual residues track reasonably well between @entity4151 and hGH. In particular, residues involved in the @entity219 -binding site and Lys172 constitute the principal binding determinants for both hormones. However, several residues that are identical between @entity4151 and hGH contribute quite differently to the binding of the hPRLR ECD1. Additionally, the overall magnitudes of the DeltaDeltaG changes observed from the Ala-scan of @entity4151 were markedly larger than those determined in the comparative scan of hGH to the hPRLR ECD1. The structural and biophysical data presented here show that subtle changes in the structural context of an interaction can lead to significantly different effects at the individual residue level.

title: Crystal structure and site 1 binding energetics of XXXX @entity5804 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that " @entity239 " is a biopsychosocial continuum disorder. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the German general population with @entity1 >or= 14 years of age was conducted based on face-to-face contacts. Physical distress was measured by the regional @entity158 scale (RPS) and the @entity1 Health Questionnaire 15 (PHQ-15), @entity458 by the PHQ-9, and social distress by the Oslo Social Support Scale. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured by the 12-item form of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form Health Survey. A k-means clustering procedure with 2-8 clusters preset was used to classify the scores of the RPS, PHQ-9, and PHQ-15. The number of clusters retained was based on the stability and interpretability of the clusters. The cluster analysis was first performed with a randomly selected half of the sample and then cross-validated on the second half of the total sample. RESULTS: A 4-cluster solution produced the most stable and meaningful results. Cluster 1 was very low on all symptom scores. Cluster 2 was low on @entity158 sites, somatic symptoms, and @entity308 . Cluster 3 was high on @entity158 scores, moderate on somatic symptoms, and low on @entity308 . Cluster 4 was high on all symptom scores. The centroids of cluster 4 met the survey criteria of @entity239 . Cluster 4 reported a lower HRQOL and less social support compared to the other 3 groups. CONCLUSION: A cluster within the continuum of biopsychosocial distress can be labeled @entity239 .

title: A cluster within the continuum of biopsychosocial distress can be labeled " XXXX "--evidence from a representative German population survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome']


abstract: @entity14 is the second leading cause of @entity5 mortality in the United States. Substantial @entity1 and animal data support the ability of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to cause regression of existing @entity694 and prevent new @entity5 formation. The mechanism by which the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sulindac prevents @entity5 growth is poorly understood and seems complex as sulindac can modulate several growth-related signaling pathways. Sulindac metabolites simultaneously (a) increase cellular @entity8262 and subsequently activate @entity8262 -dependent protein kinase ( @entity6709 ); (b) activate c-jun @entity2733 -terminal kinase ( @entity4675 ); (c) inhibit @entity3963 ( @entity1366 ); and (d) decrease @entity3546 protein expression at times and doses consistent with apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to determine if @entity6709 , @entity1366 , @entity4675 , and @entity3546 are independent targets for sulindac in vitro. Pharmacologic activation of @entity6709 with @entity36326 increases @entity4675 phosphorylation and induces apoptosis in @entity694 cells without modulating @entity1366 phosphorylation or @entity3546 protein expression. Inhibition of @entity1366 with @entity5732 induces apoptosis but fails to activate @entity4675 phosphorylation or down-regulate @entity3546 protein expression. Cotreatment with @entity5732 and @entity36326 synergistically increases apoptosis in @entity14 cells and recapitulates the effects of @entity10521 treatment on @entity1366 , @entity4675 , and @entity3546 . These results indicate that sulindac metabolites modulate @entity1366 and @entity6709 pathways independently in @entity694 cells and suggest that the full apoptotic effect of sulindac is mediated by more than one pathway. Using similar combinatorial approaches in vivo may provide more effective, less toxic chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic strategies. Such therapies could dramatically reduce the incidence and @entity204 rate from @entity14 .

title: Sulindac independently modulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and XXXX -dependent protein kinase signaling pathways.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity8262 :: (MESH:D006152,Chemical) :: ['cyclic GMP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate diagnostic sensitivity of electroneurography (ENoG) for @entity2652 . METHODS: The data of 24 @entity1 suffering from @entity2652 on one side, having non-emergency operation, and having preoperative records of ENoG were collected. Among the @entity1 , 18 were @entity1 and 6 were @entity1 , aged from 3 to 55 years (median 28). The duration of injury before ENoG examination was from 1 to 56 days (mean 23.6 days) for them. The electroneurographic examination was carried out for facial nerves on both sides preoperatively. Percentages of evoked potential amplitude reduction on affected sides were calculated according to the value of normal side. The 90% reduction of amplitude was used as a cutting point. The @entity2652 was observed during operation. The sensitivity and false negative proportions of ENoG were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 24 @entity1 with @entity2652 , 22 had ENoG amplitude reduction over 90%, and 2 having this reduction less than 90%. The sensitivity and false negative proportions of ENoG in @entity1 with @entity2652 were 91.7% and 8.3% respectively. CONCLUSION: The preoperative ENoG examination is high sensitivity for @entity2652 . The @entity1 whose ENoG reduction over 90% should be advised to have a @entity2652 as soon as possible.

title: [Evaluation of diagnostic sensitivity of electroneurography for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial neurorrhaphy', 'facial neurotmesis']

answer: @entity2652 :: (MESH:D005148,Disease) :: ['facial neurotmesis']


abstract: The etiology of @entity2631 (SSc) is unknown; immunogenic stimuli such as @entity281 and vaccinations could theoretically be risk factors for @entity2631 . Our objective was to assess the relationship between viral and @entity2348 , and vaccinations, prior to diagnosis of SSc compared to non-inflammatory controls. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to individuals with SSc (n =83) and controls (n=351) with @entity85 ( @entity571 , n = 204; @entity924 , n = 58; @entity239 , n= 89) from a rheumatology practice. Questions ascertained past @entity281 , exposure to infectious agents and vaccination history. RESULTS: The response rate was 78% (SSc) and 56% (MSK controls). The mean age was 56 +/- 1.6 (SSc) and 58 +/- 0.9 (MSK); 88% (SSc) and 82% (MSK) were female. No association between prior @entity281 and SSc was observed. In fact, controls were more likely than SSc subjects to report any @entity281 within 1-year prior to disease diagnosis (35% vs. 16%, p<0.006), or to have suffered a @entity130 to affected joints prior to diagnosis (44% vs. 19%, p<0.0002). Within the 1-year prior to disease diagnosis, controls reported slightly more @entity883 (p<0.2), @entity281 with @entity294 and @entity391 (p<0.3), and antibiotic use (p<0.09), although none of these results were statistically significant. Histories of any @entity99 , @entity2462 , any @entity2348 , and having had a previous positive @entity378 skin test were not significantly different between groups and were actually more often reported by the control subjects. SSc reported slightly more @entity1956 (p<0.08), more @entity4789 (p<0.8) in past, and herpes zoster (p<0.4), although no differences reached significance. CONCLUSION: This study does not support that self-report of symptomatic @entity281 are more likely to occur ever (prior to diagnosis) or within 1-year prior to symptom onset of SSc, or that vaccinations in adulthood trigger SSc.

title: Infections are not increased in @entity2631 compared to XXXX prior to disease onset.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendonitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['non-inflammatory musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['non-inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders']


abstract: The etiology of @entity2631 (SSc) is unknown; immunogenic stimuli such as @entity281 and vaccinations could theoretically be risk factors for @entity2631 . Our objective was to assess the relationship between viral and @entity2348 , and vaccinations, prior to diagnosis of SSc compared to non-inflammatory controls. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to individuals with SSc (n =83) and controls (n=351) with @entity85 ( @entity571 , n = 204; @entity924 , n = 58; @entity239 , n= 89) from a rheumatology practice. Questions ascertained past @entity281 , exposure to infectious agents and vaccination history. RESULTS: The response rate was 78% (SSc) and 56% (MSK controls). The mean age was 56 +/- 1.6 (SSc) and 58 +/- 0.9 (MSK); 88% (SSc) and 82% (MSK) were female. No association between prior @entity281 and SSc was observed. In fact, controls were more likely than SSc subjects to report any @entity281 within 1-year prior to disease diagnosis (35% vs. 16%, p<0.006), or to have suffered a @entity130 to affected joints prior to diagnosis (44% vs. 19%, p<0.0002). Within the 1-year prior to disease diagnosis, controls reported slightly more @entity883 (p<0.2), @entity281 with @entity294 and @entity391 (p<0.3), and antibiotic use (p<0.09), although none of these results were statistically significant. Histories of any @entity99 , @entity2462 , any @entity2348 , and having had a previous positive @entity378 skin test were not significantly different between groups and were actually more often reported by the control subjects. SSc reported slightly more @entity1956 (p<0.08), more @entity4789 (p<0.8) in past, and herpes zoster (p<0.4), although no differences reached significance. CONCLUSION: This study does not support that self-report of symptomatic @entity281 are more likely to occur ever (prior to diagnosis) or within 1-year prior to symptom onset of SSc, or that vaccinations in adulthood trigger SSc.

title: Infections are not increased in XXXX compared to @entity85 prior to disease onset.

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma']


abstract: @entity2151 reductases (RNRs) catalyze the conversion of @entity24547 to @entity49284 and are essential for de novo DNA synthesis and repair. Streptomycetes contain genes coding for two RNRs. The class Ia RNR is @entity26 dependent, and the class II RNR is @entity26 independent and requires coenzyme B12. Either RNR is sufficient for vegetative growth. We show here that the @entity25068 M145 nrdABS genes encoding the class Ia RNR are regulated by @entity27854 . The 5'-untranslated region of nrdABS contains a 123- @entity377 B12 riboswitch. Similar B12 riboswitches are present in the corresponding regions of eight other @entity25068 genes. The effect of B12 on growth and nrdABS transcription was examined in a mutant in which the nrdJ gene, encoding the class II RNR, was deleted. B12 concentrations of just 1 mug/liter completely inhibited growth of the NrdJ mutant strain. Likewise, B12 significantly reduced nrdABS transcription. To further explore the mechanism of B12 repression, we isolated in the nrdJ deletion strain mutants that are insensitive to B12 inhibition of growth. Two classes of mutations were found to map to the B12 riboswitch. Both conferred resistance to @entity48290 inhibition of nrdABS transcription and are likely to affect B12 binding. These results establish that B12 regulates overall RNR expression in reciprocal ways, by riboswitch regulation of the class Ia RNR nrdABS genes and by serving as a cofactor for the class II RNR.

title: Coenzyme B12 controls transcription of the @entity25068 class Ia XXXX reductase nrdABS operon via a riboswitch mechanism.

entities_list: @entity49284 :: ('MESH:D003854', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribonucleotides']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity24547 :: ('MESH:D012265', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotides']

entities_list: @entity25068 :: ('1902', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces coelicolor', 'S. coelicolor']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['Ribonucleotide']

answer: @entity2151 :: (CHEBI:26561,Chemical) :: ['ribonucleotide']


abstract: @entity2151 reductases (RNRs) catalyze the conversion of @entity24547 to @entity49284 and are essential for de novo DNA synthesis and repair. Streptomycetes contain genes coding for two RNRs. The class Ia RNR is @entity26 dependent, and the class II RNR is @entity26 independent and requires coenzyme B12. Either RNR is sufficient for vegetative growth. We show here that the @entity25068 M145 nrdABS genes encoding the class Ia RNR are regulated by @entity27854 . The 5'-untranslated region of nrdABS contains a 123- @entity377 B12 riboswitch. Similar B12 riboswitches are present in the corresponding regions of eight other @entity25068 genes. The effect of B12 on growth and nrdABS transcription was examined in a mutant in which the nrdJ gene, encoding the class II RNR, was deleted. B12 concentrations of just 1 mug/liter completely inhibited growth of the NrdJ mutant strain. Likewise, B12 significantly reduced nrdABS transcription. To further explore the mechanism of B12 repression, we isolated in the nrdJ deletion strain mutants that are insensitive to B12 inhibition of growth. Two classes of mutations were found to map to the B12 riboswitch. Both conferred resistance to @entity48290 inhibition of nrdABS transcription and are likely to affect B12 binding. These results establish that B12 regulates overall RNR expression in reciprocal ways, by riboswitch regulation of the class Ia RNR nrdABS genes and by serving as a cofactor for the class II RNR.

title: Coenzyme B12 controls transcription of the XXXX class Ia @entity2151 reductase nrdABS operon via a riboswitch mechanism.

answer: @entity25068 :: (1902,Species) :: ['Streptomyces']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no consensus regarding the optimum surgical approach to @entity1086 . This study reviews the management of @entity1086 in a single unit. METHODS: Retrospective study of 73 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1086 . Twenty-three @entity1 underwent surgery with curative intent (surgical group), 28 @entity1 underwent exploratory surgery but had @entity66 (surgically inoperable group) and 22 @entity1 had @entity66 radiologically (radiologically inoperable group). Within the surgical group, nine @entity1 (cholecystectomy group) were diagnosed with @entity1086 after routine cholecystectomy. RESULTS: The inoperable groups had significantly higher @entity648 and @entity623 ( @entity623 ) than the surgical group (p=0.02 and p<0.01, respectively). Age>68, white cell count (WCC)>7.6 x 109/L, platelet>345 x 109/L, @entity648 >16 mol/L, @entity623 >124 iu/L and @entity1372 < or = 137 mmol/L were markers of inoperability. Age, haemoglobin and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were predictors for survival following surgery (p=0.04, p=0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). The surgical and cholecystectomy groups had significantly higher median survivals than the surgically and radiologically inoperable groups (18.97 and 26.17 months versus 5.03 and 12.20 months, p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Curative surgical resection of @entity1086 improved survival. Exploratory laparotomy which revealed @entity66 reduced survival. Preoperative WCC, platelet, @entity648 and @entity623 may be used as additional discriminators during the investigation and work up prior to surgery.

title: Ten-year experience in the management of XXXX from a single hepatobiliary and pancreatic centre with review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['inoperable disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1290 , @entity293 ( @entity293 ) and gross @entity811 (GH) are the most important renal manifestations of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). They are not only common, but are also frequent cause of morbidity, influencing @entity8 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of these manifestations in our @entity1 with @entity8 and their impact on renal function. METHODS: One hundred eighty @entity8 @entity1 were included in the study. Subjects were studied for the presence of @entity293 , gross @entity811 frequency and responsible factors of @entity1790 . Survival times were calculated as the time to renal replacement therapy or time of serum @entity1011 value up to 10 mg/dl. Kaplan-Meier product-limit survival curves were constructed, and log rank test was used to compare the survival curves. RESULTS: @entity1290 were present in 76/180 (42% of pts). The stones were composed of urate (47%) @entity3835 (39%), and other compounds 14%. @entity293 was observed in 60% (108 @entity1 ). @entity1 treated with urinary disinfectants had a significant lower frequency of @entity293 (p<0.001) and @entity811 (p<0.001) after one year than untreated @entity1 . Gross @entity811 was present in 113 @entity1 (63%). In 43 @entity1 @entity811 was diagnosed before age 30 (38%), while in 70 @entity1 it was diagnosed after age 30 (62%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity293 is frequent in our @entity8 @entity1 . The correct treatment of @entity293 decreases its frequency and has beneficial role in the rate of progression to @entity177 in @entity8 @entity1 . @entity1 with recurrent episodes of gross @entity811 may be at risk for more severe @entity8 .

title: The influence of renal manifestations to the progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'renal disease', 'ADPKD', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxalate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['Renal stones', 'Kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection', 'urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop a cardiovascular risk assessment tool that is feasible and easy to use in primary care (general practice (GP) model). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: 23 towns in the United Kingdom. @entity1 : 3582 @entity1 aged 60 to 79 years who were free of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) at entry into the British @entity1 's Heart and Health Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictive performance of a GP model compared with the standard Framingham model for both @entity301 and @entity65 ( @entity65 ). RESULTS: The Framingham tool predicted @entity301 events over 5 years accurately (predicted 5.7%, observed 5.5%) but overpredicted @entity65 events (predicted 10.5%, observed 6.8%). In higher-risk groups, Framingham overpredicted both @entity301 and @entity65 events and was poorly calibrated for this cohort. Including @entity1851 and @entity2002 with standard Framingham risk factors did not improve discrimination of the model. The GP model, which used age, systolic blood pressure, smoking habit and self-rated health (all of which can be easily obtained in one surgery visit) performed as well as the Framingham risk tool: area under the receiver operating curve discrimination statistic was 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62 to 0.70) for @entity301 and 0.67 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.71) for @entity65 compared with 0.65 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.68) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.69) for the corresponding Framingham models. CONCLUSIONS: An alternative risk assessment based on only a simple routine examination and a small number of pertinent questions may be more useful in the primary care setting. This model appears to perform well but needs to be tested in different populations.

title: XXXX risk assessment in older @entity1 : can we improve on Framingham? British @entity1 's Heart and Health prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop a cardiovascular risk assessment tool that is feasible and easy to use in primary care (general practice (GP) model). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: 23 towns in the United Kingdom. @entity1 : 3582 @entity1 aged 60 to 79 years who were free of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) at entry into the British @entity1 's Heart and Health Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictive performance of a GP model compared with the standard Framingham model for both @entity301 and @entity65 ( @entity65 ). RESULTS: The Framingham tool predicted @entity301 events over 5 years accurately (predicted 5.7%, observed 5.5%) but overpredicted @entity65 events (predicted 10.5%, observed 6.8%). In higher-risk groups, Framingham overpredicted both @entity301 and @entity65 events and was poorly calibrated for this cohort. Including @entity1851 and @entity2002 with standard Framingham risk factors did not improve discrimination of the model. The GP model, which used age, systolic blood pressure, smoking habit and self-rated health (all of which can be easily obtained in one surgery visit) performed as well as the Framingham risk tool: area under the receiver operating curve discrimination statistic was 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62 to 0.70) for @entity301 and 0.67 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.71) for @entity65 compared with 0.65 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.68) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.69) for the corresponding Framingham models. CONCLUSIONS: An alternative risk assessment based on only a simple routine examination and a small number of pertinent questions may be more useful in the primary care setting. This model appears to perform well but needs to be tested in different populations.

title: @entity65 risk assessment in older XXXX : can we improve on Framingham? British @entity1 's Heart and Health prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop a cardiovascular risk assessment tool that is feasible and easy to use in primary care (general practice (GP) model). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: 23 towns in the United Kingdom. @entity1 : 3582 @entity1 aged 60 to 79 years who were free of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) at entry into the British @entity1 's Heart and Health Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictive performance of a GP model compared with the standard Framingham model for both @entity301 and @entity65 ( @entity65 ). RESULTS: The Framingham tool predicted @entity301 events over 5 years accurately (predicted 5.7%, observed 5.5%) but overpredicted @entity65 events (predicted 10.5%, observed 6.8%). In higher-risk groups, Framingham overpredicted both @entity301 and @entity65 events and was poorly calibrated for this cohort. Including @entity1851 and @entity2002 with standard Framingham risk factors did not improve discrimination of the model. The GP model, which used age, systolic blood pressure, smoking habit and self-rated health (all of which can be easily obtained in one surgery visit) performed as well as the Framingham risk tool: area under the receiver operating curve discrimination statistic was 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62 to 0.70) for @entity301 and 0.67 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.71) for @entity65 compared with 0.65 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.68) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.69) for the corresponding Framingham models. CONCLUSIONS: An alternative risk assessment based on only a simple routine examination and a small number of pertinent questions may be more useful in the primary care setting. This model appears to perform well but needs to be tested in different populations.

title: @entity65 risk assessment in older @entity1 : can we improve on Framingham? British XXXX 's Heart and Health prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the quality of @entity6086 [ @entity15383 ] paste filling (Ultracal, Ultradent) associated or not with @entity15383 -containing gutta-percha points ( @entity6086 Plus Points, Roeko) in curved root canals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty roots of extracted @entity1 teeth, randomly divided into three curvature ranges (mild - 0 to 14 degrees; moderate - 15 degrees to 29 degrees; severe - >30 degrees) were used. After chemomechanical preparation, the roots were assigned to 4 groups (n=30), according to the technique of intracanal dressing placement: group 1 - @entity15383 paste was applied with a lentulo spiral; group 2 - @entity15383 paste was applied with a lentulo spiral and a @entity15383 point was inserted into the canal; group 3 - @entity15383 paste was applied with a Navitip tip (supplied with Ultracal system); group 4 - @entity15383 paste was applied with a Navitip tip and a @entity15383 point was inserted into the canal. The roots were cleared and the quality of apical third filling was assessed by a calibrated experienced examiner. The specimens were examined under stereomicroscopy and scored 1 to 4 (i.e., from inadequate to complete root canal filling). The results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test at 5% significance level. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) among the curvature degrees in groups 1, 3 and 4. Severely curved roots in group 2 presented bordering significance (p=0.05). The groups that associated the use of @entity15383 paste and points (2 and 4) showed better apical filling than the other groups, but this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001) only for roots with severe curvature. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the curvature degree did not influence the quality of filling. The techniques that used @entity15383 -containing gutta-percha points yielded better filling of the apical third in roots with severe curvature.

title: Influence of XXXX points on the quality of intracanal dressing filling.

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide', 'Calcium Hydroxide']

answer: @entity6086 :: (MESH:D002126,Chemical) :: ['calcium hydroxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The literature has demonstrated that alterations in craniofacial morphology characterizing individuals with @entity2419 are observed in both operated and unoperated @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the influence of isolated @entity2419 and palatoplasty on the face, based on facial analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lateral facial photographs of the right side of 85 young adult @entity1 with @entity2419 were analyzed, of whom 50 were operated on and 35 had never received any previous surgical treatment. The nasolabial angle and zygomatic projection were used to define the maxillary position in the face. Mandibular positioning was classified as Pattern I, II and III. RESULTS: @entity1 were distributed into 54.12% as Pattern I, 32.94% Pattern II and 12.94% Pattern III. Distribution of facial patterns did not show statistically significant differences between groups (p>0.05). Although palatoplasty did not influence the facial pattern, the zygomatic projection was vulnerable to plastic surgeries. Twenty-eight percent of the @entity1 in the operated group showed @entity55127 , compared to only 8.5% in the unoperated group. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with isolated @entity2419 , palatoplasty may influence negatively the sagittal behavior of the maxilla, according to the zygomatic projection of the face, though without compromising the facial pattern.

title: Influence of isolated XXXX and palatoplasty on the face.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity55127 :: ('MESH:D015051', 'Disease') :: ['zygomatic deficiency']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft palate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared @entity442 and @entity2301 concentrations in a group of adults treated for @entity1313 in childhood with those of matched controls, and investigated the relationship between the GH secretory pattern and @entity442 / @entity2301 concentrations in the entire group. DESIGN: We performed 24 h serum GH profiles using 20 minute sampling and measured corresponding fasting concentrations of @entity442 and @entity2301 . @entity1 : Fourteen adult male long-term survivors of childhood @entity1313 were studied. All had received high dose cranial irradiation (> or = 30Gy; median 12.8 (range 5.8-14.5) years previously). Nine healthy male volunteers acted as controls. MEASUREMENTS: @entity442 and @entity2301 concentrations were measured at 06.00 hours. Peak and trough GH activity within the GH profile was analysed by a distribution method which determined the concentration at or below which the serum GH concentration in the profile spent 95% (peak) and 5% (trough) of the total time. RESULTS: Serum @entity442 levels were significantly lower in the irradiated group (Irradiated: 200 micrograms/l vs CONTROL: 265 micrograms/l; P = 0.001) but the difference in serum @entity2301 (Irradiated: 2.3 mg/l vs CONTROLs: 2.77 mg/l; P = 0.03) was less marked. Peak GH activity was lower in the Irradiated subjects (2.59 mU/l vs 9.04 mU/l; P = 0.0004) and correlated strongly with @entity442 (r = 0.62; P = 0.002) but less so with @entity2301 (r = 0.35; P = 0.09). This was strenghtened when the range of activity within the profle (peak-trough) was considered. Trough GH activity had a nonsignificant negative correlation with @entity442 and @entity2301 levels. CONCLUSION: The difference in serum @entity442 concentrations between irradiated subjects and controls was greater than the difference in serum @entity2301 . Peak GH activity and the range of activity within the profile correlated strongly with @entity442 concentrations but less so with @entity2301 .

title: The relationship between the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor axis in long-term survivors of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and minimum effective dose of laser acupuncture in @entity626 ( @entity626 ), and to determine if it is superior to placebo treatment (sham) in the evaluation of clinical-functional outcome and quality of life. METHODS: In this randomized, placebo-controlled study, @entity1 with grade 2 and 3 primary @entity626 were selected. Group I (n = 27) received 904-nm low-level laser irradiation with 10 mW/cm(2) power density, 4 mW output power, 0.4 cm(2) spot size, 0.48 J dose per session, and 120-sec treatment time on the medial side of the knee to the acupuncture point @entity14447 . Group II (n = 25) received placebo-laser therapy at the same place on the same point. @entity1 in both of the groups had treatment 5 days per week (total duration of therapy was 10 days) and 20 min per day. The study was comprised of a 2-week (10-session) intervention. @entity1 were evaluated before treatment (baseline), after treatment (2nd week), and at the 12th week. In this double-blind study, a blind examiner carried out all outcome assessments. The main outcome measures were as follows: @entity158 on movement (pVAS), 50-foot walking time (50 foot w), knee circumference (KC), medial tenderness score (MTS), Western Ontario and @entity571 index (WOMAC), and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement was observed in PVAS, 50 foot w, and KC in group 1. In Group II, statistically significant improvement was observed in PVAS, 50 foot w, and WOMAC. When groups were compared with each other, the improvement observed in KC was superior in Group I at the 2(nd) week (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Laser acupuncture was found to be effective only in reducing periarticular swelling when compared with placebo laser.

title: Laser acupuncture in XXXX : a double-blind, randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis', 'KOA']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['McMaster Universities osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Some @entity253 may be manageable by percutaneous interventional radiologic techniques (PIRT), but long-term efficacy of this approach is scarce. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively all @entity1 with @entity253 secondary to traumatic @entity1157 or strictured bilioenteric anastomoses. @entity1 in whom the initial management was by PIRT from 1998 through 2003 were selected. Subjects with @entity991 , hepatic transplantation, or malignant strictures were excluded. Data were obtained from medical records and/or direct @entity1 contact. Comparisons were made by Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity253 were treated by PIRT. Mean age was 54 years (range 11-86). Most frequent etiology was laparoscopic cholecystectomy injury in 11 @entity1 (41%). Eight @entity1 (29%) had undergone biliary resection for @entity5 , seven (26%) a pancreatoduodenectomy, and one for presumed @entity63 ; no strictures were secondary to neoplastic recurrence. PIRT was successful in 10 of 11 @entity1 (91%) with short, isolated @entity1157 secondary to laparoscopic cholecystectomy and in seven of 15 @entity1 (41%) with strictured bilioenteric @entity254 , but not in the @entity1 with @entity63 . Twenty @entity1 (74%) were stent-free at follow-up. @entity253 were more likely to fail PIRT than isolated strictures secondary to laparoscopic cholecystectomy injury (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous balloon dilatation and stenting can be an effective strategy for @entity1 with @entity1157 , especially short @entity1157 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anastomotic strictures are associated with less good results when managed by PIRT but are successful in up to 40% of @entity1 .

title: Management of benign XXXX by percutaneous interventional radiologic techniques (PIRT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cholangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injury', 'bile duct strictures']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic biliary strictures', 'biliary strictures']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary strictures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: this study represents a case series to evaluate how successful is the rigid percutaneous nephroscopy as a tool for clearance of all stones in various locations in @entity8 . METHODS: Between 2005 and 2009, we carried out PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) for @entity1290 in 21 renal units (17 @entity1 ) in our department. The indications were large stone burden in 18 units and failed SWL(shock wave lithotripsy) in 3 renal units. All procedures were done under general anesthesia; using fluoroscopic guidance for localization and standard alkan dilatation followed by rigid nephroscopy and stone extraction with or without stone disintegration. We analyzed our results regarding the site and number of the required access, the @entity260 , the presence of any residual stones, as well as their location. RESULTS: The procedure was completed, using a single access tract in 20 renal units, with the site of puncture being the upper calyx in nine units and the posterior middle calyx in eleven units. Only in one renal unit, two access tracts (an upper and a lower calyceal) were required for completion and a supracostal puncture was required in another case. There was no significant @entity954 and no blood transfusion was required in any @entity1 . A pelvic perforation occurred in one case, requiring longer PCN (percutaneous nephrostomy) drainage. One @entity1 with @entity281 stones suffered urosepsis postoperatively which was successfully managed. Three cases had residual stones, all located in the renal isthmus, all residuals were un approachable with the rigid instrument; resulting in a overall stone-free rate of 85.7% at discharge. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is generally safe and successful in the management of stones in @entity8 . However, location of the stones in these @entity1 is crucial to decide the proper tool for optimal stone clearance result.

title: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in XXXX : is rigid nephroscopy sufficient tool for complete clearance? A case series study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['horseshoe kidneys']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intra and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['calculi in horseshoe kidneys']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['horseshoe kidneys']