abstract: BACKGROUND: Nocturnal shoulder @entity158 resulting in poor @entity25 is a common finding in @entity1 with @entity66 . The purpose of this paper was to describe and to compare the @entity25 , @entity158 , and function in adult subjects who have been diagnosed with rotator cuff disorders, @entity571 , or @entity2585 ( @entity2585 ). METHODS: @entity1 completed a clinical assessment and comprehensive questionnaire regarding their current medical health history, shoulder symptoms, and impact of their symptoms on activities of daily living and quality of sleep. RESULTS: The study analyzed 343 @entity1 with an average age of 57.4  years. The mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score for @entity2585 was 34%, which was significantly lower than the score for the @entity5818 group of 53% (P  =  .007). The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scale score for @entity2585 was 38, which was also significantly lower than the score for the @entity5818 group of 51 (P  =  .007). There were no significant differences in @entity158 , with mean scores ranging from 4.90 to 5.82 for diagnostic subgroups on a visual analog scale (P  =  .28). Sleep quality was significantly poorer in the @entity2585 group (P  =  .008), with a mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of 12.07. Specific subcomponents of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index that had a significant impact on sleep interruption included @entity25 , sleep duration, and habitual sleep efficiency in the @entity2585 group (P  <  .05). CONCLUSION: This study shows that whereas many @entity1 with @entity66 may have sleep-related issues, @entity1 with @entity2585 are particularly vulnerable to reduced @entity25 .

title: Sleep quality and XXXX in @entity1 with shoulder disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder disease']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['adhesive capsulitis', 'AC']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial impingement syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['nocturnal pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nocturnal shoulder @entity158 resulting in poor @entity25 is a common finding in @entity1 with @entity66 . The purpose of this paper was to describe and to compare the @entity25 , @entity158 , and function in adult subjects who have been diagnosed with rotator cuff disorders, @entity571 , or @entity2585 ( @entity2585 ). METHODS: @entity1 completed a clinical assessment and comprehensive questionnaire regarding their current medical health history, shoulder symptoms, and impact of their symptoms on activities of daily living and quality of sleep. RESULTS: The study analyzed 343 @entity1 with an average age of 57.4  years. The mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score for @entity2585 was 34%, which was significantly lower than the score for the @entity5818 group of 53% (P  =  .007). The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scale score for @entity2585 was 38, which was also significantly lower than the score for the @entity5818 group of 51 (P  =  .007). There were no significant differences in @entity158 , with mean scores ranging from 4.90 to 5.82 for diagnostic subgroups on a visual analog scale (P  =  .28). Sleep quality was significantly poorer in the @entity2585 group (P  =  .008), with a mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of 12.07. Specific subcomponents of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index that had a significant impact on sleep interruption included @entity25 , sleep duration, and habitual sleep efficiency in the @entity2585 group (P  <  .05). CONCLUSION: This study shows that whereas many @entity1 with @entity66 may have sleep-related issues, @entity1 with @entity2585 are particularly vulnerable to reduced @entity25 .

title: Sleep quality and @entity158 in XXXX with shoulder disorders.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Olecranon @entity174 are common in elderly @entity1 , causing significant @entity73 . Traditional surgical treatments are often complicated by hardware failure and prominence, frequently requiring reoperation. To address these concerns, a suture anchor fixation technique was developed and clinically evaluated. METHODS: A consecutive series of elderly @entity1 treated with this technique from 2006 to 2013 at a single institution were studied. All cases were surgically repaired with nonmetallic fully threaded suture anchors in a double-row fashion. Clinical outcome measures including the shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score, the Oxford Elbow Score, and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey score were obtained. RESULTS: Eight female @entity1 with Mayo IIA or IIB @entity174 were identified. The mean age of the @entity1 at time of operation was 73.5      10.7  years (range, 59.3-88.8  years). The average time from @entity130 was 5.7     3.7  days. The average follow-up was 5.1     2.5  years (range, 0.8-7.4  years). Six @entity1 were available for long-term follow-up; 1 @entity1 had died, and 1 @entity1 was unable to be contacted despite multiple attempts. There were no intraoperative complications or reoperations. All 8 @entity1 healed uneventfully in an acceptable position without displacement. Postoperatively, the average Oxford Elbow Score was 47.17      2.04; the average shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 6.43      9.47; and the average 12-Item Short Form Health Survey scores were 49.02      16.59 and 55.38      4.05 for the physical and mental component scales, respectively. CONCLUSION: Suture anchor fixation of @entity174 in the elderly population provides excellent long-term radiographic and clinical outcomes without hardware complications associated with traditional fixation methods.

title: Suture anchor fixation of displaced XXXX in the elderly: a case series and surgical technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['morbidity and functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to operation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'olecranon fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['olecranon fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We recently published analyses regarding the predictive performance of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for the effect of cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of substrate drugs. We now analyze and summarize the predictive performance of PBPK models for the effect of @entity5322 inducers on a substrate's pharmacokinetics. METHODS: This analysis was based on 11 substrate PBPK models, developed by six sponsors, using a commercial PBPK software, with 13 clinical interaction studies. Four @entity5322 inducers were used: @entity1215 , @entity17208 , @entity2049 , and @entity488 . Sponsors either directly used the software-provided inducer models or verified these models' induction magnitude prior to use. The metric for assessing predictive performance was the R predicted/observed value [R predicted/observed  =  (predicted mean exposure ratio)/(observed mean exposure ratio)], with the exposure ratio defined as maximum plasma concentration (C max) or area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) with and without an inducer. RESULTS: In 77  % (10/13; AUCR) and 83  % (10/12; C max R) of the cases, the R predicted/observed values were within 1.25-fold of the observed data. Cases with R predicted/observed values >1.25-fold (>twofold for all three AUCR) were under-predictions as a result of using the PBPK software's default @entity1215 model. Improved predictions were observed when the @entity1215 model was modified by increasing the induction potency. CONCLUSION: Based on submissions to the FDA, and similar to our previous findings for CYP inhibition, we observed good agreement between PBPK-predicted and observed effect of @entity5322 inducers on substrate pharmacokinetics. Verification of the inducer model appears to be crucial for improved predictive performance.

title: Predicting the Effect of XXXX Inducers on the Pharmacokinetics of Substrate Drugs Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling: An Analysis of PBPK Submissions to the US FDA.

entities_list: @entity17208 :: ('MESH:D017828', 'Chemical') :: ['rifabutin']

entities_list: @entity488 :: ('MESH:C098320', 'Chemical') :: ['efavirenz']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity5322 :: (1576,Gene) :: ['CYP3A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adult isolated ulnar shaft @entity174 (IUSFs) are uncommon, and treatment remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare results of operative (reduction internal fixation (RIF)) and nonoperative treatment (NOT) in @entity1 with IUSF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control analysis was undertaken on @entity1 diagnosed with IUSF between 2002 and 2008 at a Level I teaching @entity130 center. Clinical outcomes consisted of complications and functional ability. RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 had a mean age of 44.6 years (18-86) and a body mass index (BMI) of 27.9 (17-47). The mechanism of injury included high-energy injuries (60/70, 85.7%), low-energy falls (8/70, 11.4%), and sports (2/70, 2.9%). Treatment consisted of 33/70 (47.1%) NOT and 37/70 (52.9%) RIF. The AO/OTA fracture classification was 48 A1, 20 B2, and two C1. The level of activity (LOA) was 60 without restrictions, six with restrictions, and three who did not return to work. The function determined by range of motion was 55/70 (78.6%) full, 11 slightly limited, and one severely limited. A total of 14 nonunions (NUs) and 17 malunions (MUs) occurred. NOT was associated with NU (  (2)=0.001) and MU (  (2)=0.000), respectively. @entity174 angulation >= 8   was related to the inability to return to previous LOA (  =0.406, p=0.001). Secondary displacement >2mm contributed to MU (R(2)=0.238, p=0.000) and NU (R(2)=0.076, p=0.021). NU was related to a minor functional result (  =0.315, p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: IUSF treatment remains challenging in the adult population. Nonoperative treatment of displaced @entity174 produces a high risk of complications, and the fracture characteristics determine @entity1 outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

title: Results of 70 consecutive ulnar nightstick XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) @entity3064 spp. has emerged as a cause of @entity580 , especially in intensive care. Unfortunately resistance to @entity3273 is increasing and there is a need for new therapeutic options. We aimed to study the effect of some novel combinations against XDR A. baumannii in an in vitro PKPD model. METHODS: Three non-related clinical strains of XDR A. baumannii were investigated. Antibiotic simulated regimens were @entity3273 3 MU q8h (first dose 6 MU), @entity13757 10 mg/Kg q24h, @entity2892 1g q8h and @entity6543 1g q24h. Combination regimens included @entity3273 plus @entity13757 , @entity3273 plus @entity2892 and @entity2892 plus @entity6543 . Samples were obtained at 0,1,2,4,8 and 24h. RESULTS: Among single agent regimens, only @entity3273 resulted in significant log10CFU/mL reductions compared to control for all the strains tested. Although @entity3273 achieved bactericidal activity at 4h it was not able to reach the limit of detection (1 log10 CFU/mL). One strain had significant regrowth at 24h without emergence of resistance. @entity13757 - @entity3273 combinations lead to significant reduction of log10CFU/mL that outperformed those achieved with @entity3273 as single agent regimen, reaching the limit of detection at 24h against all the strains. @entity2892 plus @entity6543 outperformed @entity3273 regimen although did not reach the limit of detection with significant regrowth at 24h. Similarly, @entity3273 plus @entity2892 combinations reduced log10CFU/mL at 8h, with significant regrowth at 24h but with development of resistance to @entity3273 . CONCLUSIONS: We have shown some potentially useful alternatives for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii. Among them, @entity13757 - @entity3273 combination was the most effective and should be investigated in future studies.

title: In Vitro Activity of Novel Antimicrobial Combinations against Extensively drug-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipenem', 'imipenem']

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity13757 :: ('MESH:D017576', 'Chemical') :: ['Daptomycin', 'daptomycin']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity6543 :: ('MESH:C446479', 'Chemical') :: ['ertapenem']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pyramiding multiple genes into a desirable genetic background can take years to accomplish. In this paper, a pseudo-backcrossing scheme was designed to shorten the backcrossing cycle needed. PinK3, an aromatic and potentially high-yielding @entity579 variety-although one that is intolerant to flash flooding (Sub) and susceptible to @entity2348 ( @entity2348 ), leaf-neck blast (BL) and the @entity3312 ( @entity3312 )-was used as a genetic basis for significant improvements through gene pyramiding. RESULTS: Four resistance donors with five target genes (Sub1A-C, xa5, Xa21, TPS and SSIIa) and three QTLs (qBph3, qBL1 and qBL11) were backcrossed individually using markers into the pseudo-recurrent parent 'PinK3' via one cycle of backcrossing followed by two cycles of pseudo-backcrossing and three selfings with rigorous foreground marker-assisted selection. In total, 29 pseudo-backcross inbred lines (BILs) were developed. Genome composition was surveyed using 61 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 35 of which were located on six carrier chromosomes, with the remainder located on six non-carrier chromosomes. The recurrent genome content (%RGC) and donor genome content (%DGC), which were based on the physical positions of BC1F2, ranged from 69.99 to 88.98% and 11.02 to 30.01%, respectively. For the pseudo-BC3F3BILs, the %RGC and %DGC ranged from 74.50 to 81.30% and 18.70 to 25.50%, respectively. These results indicated that without direct background selection, no further increases in %RGC were obtained during pseudo-backcrossing, whereas rigorous foreground marker-assisted selection tended to reduce linkage drag during pseudo-backcrossing. The evaluation of new traits in selected pseudo-BC3F3BILs indicated significant improvements in resistance to @entity2348 , BL, @entity3312 and Sub compared with PinK3, as well as significant improvements in grain yield (21-68%) over the donors, although yield was 7-26% lower than in 'PinK3'. All pyramided lines were aromatic and exhibited improved starch profiles, rendering them suitable for industrial food applications. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that our new pyramiding platform, which is based on marker-assisted pseudo-backcrossing, can fix five target genes and three QTLs into a high-yielding pseudo-recurrent background within seven breeding cycles in four years. This multiple pseudo-backcrossing platform decreases the time required to generate new @entity579 varieties exhibiting complex, durable resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in backgrounds with desirable qualities.

title: Pseudo-backcrossing design for rapidly pyramiding multiple traits into a preferential XXXX variety.

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['BB', 'bacterial leaf blight']

entities_list: @entity3312 :: ('MESH:D002095', 'Disease') :: ['BPH', 'brown planthopper']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: Three trials involving 184 male @entity35 were conducted to identify the biologically active fraction of endophyte-infected @entity18959 seed. In trial 1, seed infected (greater than 95%) with the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum and shown to be toxic to @entity291 , was serially extracted with @entity4315 , @entity1046 , and @entity1042 , respectively. A second sample of this seed was extracted with @entity3636 only. Controls included a solvent treatment (spraying the various solvents on endophyte-free seed and carrying the mixture to dryness), the seed post-extraction, endophyte-infected seed and endo-phyte-free seed. Laboratory chow was mixed with all diets to provide 50% of the mix. Trial 2 examined the same treatments as trial 1 except that the @entity3636 treatment was omitted. Dosages 3 times (equivalent to 22.5 g seed) those used in trial 1 were applied to endophyte-free seed (7.5 g) in an attempt to accentuate any differences. Trial 3 examined the @entity1042 fraction extracted serially, a @entity1042 fraction extracted batchwise, and a water fraction extracted batchwise. Controls included seed residues post-extraction, solvent residue from @entity1042 sprayed on endophyte-free seed, and endophyte-infected seed. Lowered feed intake and weight gains, and @entity308 serum @entity3695 concentrations were used as indicators of @entity137 . Feed intake was lower in all three trials for @entity35 fed the @entity1042 fraction. In all three trials mean serum @entity3695 concentrations in @entity35 fed the @entity1042 extracts were not different from those fed endophyte-infected fescue seed. @entity35 fed the water extract in trial 3 had lower feed intakes than @entity35 fed endophyte-free seed. However, @entity35 fed the seed, post-water extraction, had serum @entity3695 concentrations similar to that of the negative control. Results suggest that the toxic factor(s) may be concentrated in the @entity1042 extract.

title: Physiological responses in XXXX fed extracts of endophyte infected @entity18959 seed.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylacetate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Three trials involving 184 male @entity35 were conducted to identify the biologically active fraction of endophyte-infected @entity18959 seed. In trial 1, seed infected (greater than 95%) with the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum and shown to be toxic to @entity291 , was serially extracted with @entity4315 , @entity1046 , and @entity1042 , respectively. A second sample of this seed was extracted with @entity3636 only. Controls included a solvent treatment (spraying the various solvents on endophyte-free seed and carrying the mixture to dryness), the seed post-extraction, endophyte-infected seed and endo-phyte-free seed. Laboratory chow was mixed with all diets to provide 50% of the mix. Trial 2 examined the same treatments as trial 1 except that the @entity3636 treatment was omitted. Dosages 3 times (equivalent to 22.5 g seed) those used in trial 1 were applied to endophyte-free seed (7.5 g) in an attempt to accentuate any differences. Trial 3 examined the @entity1042 fraction extracted serially, a @entity1042 fraction extracted batchwise, and a water fraction extracted batchwise. Controls included seed residues post-extraction, solvent residue from @entity1042 sprayed on endophyte-free seed, and endophyte-infected seed. Lowered feed intake and weight gains, and @entity308 serum @entity3695 concentrations were used as indicators of @entity137 . Feed intake was lower in all three trials for @entity35 fed the @entity1042 fraction. In all three trials mean serum @entity3695 concentrations in @entity35 fed the @entity1042 extracts were not different from those fed endophyte-infected fescue seed. @entity35 fed the water extract in trial 3 had lower feed intakes than @entity35 fed endophyte-free seed. However, @entity35 fed the seed, post-water extraction, had serum @entity3695 concentrations similar to that of the negative control. Results suggest that the toxic factor(s) may be concentrated in the @entity1042 extract.

title: Physiological responses in @entity35 fed extracts of endophyte infected XXXX seed.

answer: @entity18959 :: (4606,Species) :: ['tall fescue']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Responses to painful stimuli differ between populations, ethnic groups, sexes and even among individuals of a family. However, data regarding @entity3825 are still lacking. Thus, we investigated differences in visceral nociception across inbred and outbred @entity19 strains using colorectal distension. @entity148 and @entity308 -like behaviour were assessed using the open field and forced swim test as well as the @entity2819 stress response. Possible mechanistic targets [excitatory @entity3689 transporter ( @entity25842 ), @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) and @entity19472 ] were also assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Adult, male, inbred and outbred @entity19 strains were used in all assays (inbred strains; CBA/J Hsd, C3H/HeNHsd, BALB/c OlaHsd, C57 BL/6JOlaHsd, DBA/2J RccHsd, CAST/EiJ, SM/J, A/J OlaHsd, 129P2/OlaHsd, FVB/NHan Hsd and outbred strains: Swiss Webster, CD-1). mRNA expression levels of @entity25842 , @entity9140 and @entity19472 ( @entity19472 ) were quantified in the lumbosacral spinal cord, amygdala and hippocampus. A significant effect of strain was found in visceral sensitivity, @entity148 and @entity308 -like behaviours. Strain differences were also seen in both baseline and stress-induced @entity2819 levels. CBA/J @entity19 consistently exhibited heightened visceral sensitivity, @entity148 and @entity308 -like behaviour which were associated with decreased spinal @entity25842 and hippocampal @entity9140 and @entity19472 . Our results show the CBA/J @entity19 as a novel @entity19 model to unravel the complex mechanisms of brain-gut @entity74 such as @entity1744 , in particular the underlying mechanisms of @entity56 , for which there is great need. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of genotype and the consequences for future development of transgenic strains in @entity158 research.

title: Strain-dependent variations in visceral sensitivity: relationship to stress, XXXX and spinal glutamate transporter expression.

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety', 'anxiety behaviour']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['visceral hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['axis disorders']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is a chronic @entity17 that affects the central nervous system. Researchers have looked for an association between @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) as risk or protective factor associated to ethnicity, which may add a partial explanation to disease heterogeneity and geographical variations. We described the frequency of the HLA-DR alleles in Mexican Mestizo ( @entity3780 ) @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We included 143 @entity3780 @entity1 and 377 healthy controls, both Mexican Mestizos. Previous signing informed consent, we record demographic and clinical characteristics of the @entity1 . Genetic profile was made, and HLA frequencies in both groups were compared. RESULTS: @entity3780 @entity1 were 39.8% male and 60.2% female, mean age was 35 years. While, controls were 48%male and 52% @entity1 , mean age was 38 years. The most frequent allele found in subjects with @entity3780 was DR 15 (p=0.006, OR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.6). DR 13 allele was more frequent among healthy subjects than @entity3780 @entity1 (p=0.050) with a protective OR 2.6, (95% CI: 1.3-5.2, p=0.050). CONCLUSION: In our study we found HLA DR 13 was more frequent in healthy controls than in @entity3780 @entity1 , suggesting a protective factor among Mexican Mestizo population.

title: Presence of the HLADR13 allele among Mexican Mestizos suggests a protective factor against relapsing-remitting XXXX ( @entity3780 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is a chronic @entity17 that affects the central nervous system. Researchers have looked for an association between @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) as risk or protective factor associated to ethnicity, which may add a partial explanation to disease heterogeneity and geographical variations. We described the frequency of the HLA-DR alleles in Mexican Mestizo ( @entity3780 ) @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We included 143 @entity3780 @entity1 and 377 healthy controls, both Mexican Mestizos. Previous signing informed consent, we record demographic and clinical characteristics of the @entity1 . Genetic profile was made, and HLA frequencies in both groups were compared. RESULTS: @entity3780 @entity1 were 39.8% male and 60.2% female, mean age was 35 years. While, controls were 48%male and 52% @entity1 , mean age was 38 years. The most frequent allele found in subjects with @entity3780 was DR 15 (p=0.006, OR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.6). DR 13 allele was more frequent among healthy subjects than @entity3780 @entity1 (p=0.050) with a protective OR 2.6, (95% CI: 1.3-5.2, p=0.050). CONCLUSION: In our study we found HLA DR 13 was more frequent in healthy controls than in @entity3780 @entity1 , suggesting a protective factor among Mexican Mestizo population.

title: Presence of the HLADR13 allele among Mexican Mestizos suggests a protective factor against relapsing-remitting @entity15 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3780 :: (MESH:D020529,Disease) :: ['RRMS']


abstract: CONTEXT: Wrist @entity174 are common among postmenopausal @entity1 . Associations of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and 10-year predicted risk of @entity3604 ( @entity3604 ) with wrist @entity174 are poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine associations between the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX)-predicted risk of @entity3604 , @entity79 , @entity79 change, and wrist @entity174 . DESIGN: This was a prospective observational study with a mean follow-up of 8.5 years. SETTING: This study included 40 @entity10479 centers. @entity1 : A total of 11 392 @entity1 from the @entity1 's Health Initiative @entity79 Cohort aged 50-79 years at baseline were included in this study. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME: The goal was to measure incident wrist @entity174 . RESULTS: A FRAX-predicted @entity3604 risk >= 9.3% identified 17% of the @entity1 aged <65 years who subsequently experienced wrist @entity174 . Each one standard deviation lower @entity79 was associated with higher wrist @entity174 risk, with adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.66 (1.42-1.93) for femoral neck (FN) @entity79 and 1.45 (1.28-1.64) for lumbar spine @entity79 . Compared with FN @entity79 T score >=  -1.0, wrist @entity174 adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were: 1.51 (1.06-2.16) for a T score between -1.01 and -1.49; 1.93 (1.36-2.72) for T score between -1.50 and -1.99; 2.52 (1.77-3.60) for a T score between -2.00 and -2.49; and 2.65 (1.78-3.95) for a T score  <= -2.5. Decrease in FN @entity79 between baseline and year 3 was associated with increased risk of subsequent wrist @entity174 ; however, change in lumbar spine @entity79 was not. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs were associated with incident wrist @entity174 , but the FRAX threshold recommended to identify screening candidates did not identify the majority of @entity1 who subsequently experienced wrist @entity174 . Improved understanding of determinants of wrist @entity174 is warranted.

title: Bone Mineral Density as a Predictor of Subsequent Wrist Fractures: Findings From the XXXX 's Health Initiative Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['major osteoporotic fracture', 'MOF']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity694 surveillance guidelines do not routinely include positron emission tomography (PET) imaging; however, its use after surgical resection has been increasing. We evaluated the secular patterns of PET use after surgical resection of @entity694 among elderly @entity1 and identified factors associated with its increasing use. @entity1 AND METHODS: We used the SEER-linked Medicare database (July 2001 through December 2009) to establish a retrospective cohort of @entity1 age >=  66 years who had undergone surgical resection for @entity694 . Postoperative PET use was assessed with the test for trends. @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment characteristics were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Of the 39,221 @entity1 with @entity694 , 6,326 (16.1%) had undergone a PET scan within 2 years after surgery. The use rate steadily increased over time. The majority of PET scans had been performed within 2 months after surgery. Among @entity1 who had undergone a PET scan, 3,644 (57.6%) had also undergone preoperative imaging, and 1,977 (54.3%) of these @entity1 had undergone reimaging with PET within 2 months after surgery. Marriage, year of diagnosis, @entity5 stage, preoperative imaging, postoperative visit to a medical oncologist, and adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly associated with increased PET use. CONCLUSION: PET use after @entity694 resection is steadily increasing, and further study is needed to understand the clinical value and effectiveness of PET scans and the reasons for this departure from guideline-concordant care.

title: Variation in positron emission tomography use after XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: There is evidence that @entity3584 used routinely in the fixation process of bioprosthetic heart valves may be a major factor in their subsequent @entity730 . A further complication is introduced by the use of a @entity406 treatment step, whether for sterilization or storage. The effects of this second @entity264 on @entity730 is also unknown. The aim of the present work is to determine the degree of @entity3584 and @entity406 incorporation into commercial valve leaflets and to establish whether there is a relationship between the @entity264 treatment and tissue @entity730 . Both pre- and post-implantation concentrations of @entity3125 were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography of acid hydrolyzates of commercial valve tissue. Control samples were taken from freshly prepared porcine aortic valves and @entity291 pericardium fixed in @entity3584 . The degree of @entity730 was investigated using the @entity35 subcutaneous implant model. Samples were retrieved after 56 days and @entity460 estimated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results indicated that storage of both porcine and pericardial valves for periods of 5 years or longer reduced @entity730 . A greater reduction in @entity730 was noted when tissue was treated sequentially with @entity3584 and @entity406 rather than @entity3584 alone. From this work it can be concluded that bioprosthetic valves calcify less in the @entity35 model when they are stored for extended periods of time in @entity3584 solution. This effect is enhanced when @entity406 storage is employed.

title: Acid hydrolyzable XXXX in long-term stored commercial bioprosthetic heart valves implications for @entity730 .

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

answer: @entity3125 :: (MESH:D000447,Chemical) :: ['aldehydes']


abstract: There is evidence that @entity3584 used routinely in the fixation process of bioprosthetic heart valves may be a major factor in their subsequent @entity730 . A further complication is introduced by the use of a @entity406 treatment step, whether for sterilization or storage. The effects of this second @entity264 on @entity730 is also unknown. The aim of the present work is to determine the degree of @entity3584 and @entity406 incorporation into commercial valve leaflets and to establish whether there is a relationship between the @entity264 treatment and tissue @entity730 . Both pre- and post-implantation concentrations of @entity3125 were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography of acid hydrolyzates of commercial valve tissue. Control samples were taken from freshly prepared porcine aortic valves and @entity291 pericardium fixed in @entity3584 . The degree of @entity730 was investigated using the @entity35 subcutaneous implant model. Samples were retrieved after 56 days and @entity460 estimated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results indicated that storage of both porcine and pericardial valves for periods of 5 years or longer reduced @entity730 . A greater reduction in @entity730 was noted when tissue was treated sequentially with @entity3584 and @entity406 rather than @entity3584 alone. From this work it can be concluded that bioprosthetic valves calcify less in the @entity35 model when they are stored for extended periods of time in @entity3584 solution. This effect is enhanced when @entity406 storage is employed.

title: Acid hydrolyzable @entity3125 in long-term stored commercial bioprosthetic heart valves implications for XXXX .

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity4783 / @entity1510 combination for the treatment of @entity4784 is available in a film or tablet formulation. Recent retrospective studies demonstrated that treatment with the sublingual film formulation is associated with improved treatment retention and lower healthcare costs. In March 2013, generic @entity4783 / @entity1510 tablets were approved in the US. A budget impact model was built to compare healthcare expenditures for different market shares of sublingual film and tablet. METHODS: A Markov model was developed to track a cohort of opioid dependent @entity1 treated with sublingual film or tablet through the following treatment phases: initiation, maintenance, discontinuation, off-treatment and reinitiation. Transition probabilities and costs for each phase were estimated from the MarketScan Medicaid database for the period between 1 March 2010 and 30 June 2012. The total expenditure for the plan and expenditure per plan member per month were predicted over 5 years. Two market share scenarios were considered: 1) sublingual film is progressively replaced by generic tablet (current situation) and 2) the sublingual film holds a market share of 100%. RESULTS: Predicted total costs over 5 years were  6400 million when the sublingual film holds a market share of 100% (as per Scenario 2) which is lower than when sublingual film is progressively replaced by generic tablet (current situation as per Scenario 1) by  64 million. These savings were mostly driven by inpatient care ( 56 million saved over 5 years), followed by emergency room care ( 27 million) and pharmaceutical costs ( 24 million). Costs of outpatient care attenuated the difference as they were predicted to be higher by  44 million in Scenario 2. The reduction in total cost per member per month reached  0.027 in the fifth year. Results were most sensitive to price rebates and to the probability of non- @entity146 hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: While using the sublingual film formulation for more @entity1 treated with @entity4783 / @entity1510 is predicted to increase outpatient care costs, it would generate savings in emergency care and hospitalizations. In the treatment of @entity4784 , total direct medical costs for Medicaid would be lower for sublingual film treated @entity1 , at current drug prices.

title: Budgetary impact of the utilization of @entity4783 / XXXX sublingual film and tablet for Medicaid in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity4783 / @entity1510 combination for the treatment of @entity4784 is available in a film or tablet formulation. Recent retrospective studies demonstrated that treatment with the sublingual film formulation is associated with improved treatment retention and lower healthcare costs. In March 2013, generic @entity4783 / @entity1510 tablets were approved in the US. A budget impact model was built to compare healthcare expenditures for different market shares of sublingual film and tablet. METHODS: A Markov model was developed to track a cohort of opioid dependent @entity1 treated with sublingual film or tablet through the following treatment phases: initiation, maintenance, discontinuation, off-treatment and reinitiation. Transition probabilities and costs for each phase were estimated from the MarketScan Medicaid database for the period between 1 March 2010 and 30 June 2012. The total expenditure for the plan and expenditure per plan member per month were predicted over 5 years. Two market share scenarios were considered: 1) sublingual film is progressively replaced by generic tablet (current situation) and 2) the sublingual film holds a market share of 100%. RESULTS: Predicted total costs over 5 years were  6400 million when the sublingual film holds a market share of 100% (as per Scenario 2) which is lower than when sublingual film is progressively replaced by generic tablet (current situation as per Scenario 1) by  64 million. These savings were mostly driven by inpatient care ( 56 million saved over 5 years), followed by emergency room care ( 27 million) and pharmaceutical costs ( 24 million). Costs of outpatient care attenuated the difference as they were predicted to be higher by  44 million in Scenario 2. The reduction in total cost per member per month reached  0.027 in the fifth year. Results were most sensitive to price rebates and to the probability of non- @entity146 hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: While using the sublingual film formulation for more @entity1 treated with @entity4783 / @entity1510 is predicted to increase outpatient care costs, it would generate savings in emergency care and hospitalizations. In the treatment of @entity4784 , total direct medical costs for Medicaid would be lower for sublingual film treated @entity1 , at current drug prices.

title: Budgetary impact of the utilization of XXXX / @entity1510 sublingual film and tablet for Medicaid in the United States.

answer: @entity4783 :: (MESH:D002047,Chemical) :: ['buprenorphine']


abstract: @entity9495 supplements, but not dietary @entity9495 , have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. This difference could be related to differences in their acute effects on serum @entity9495 . We therefore examined the effects of @entity9495 from different sources on serum @entity9495 and @entity4613 in a randomised, cross-over trial of ten @entity1 (mean age of 69 years). Fasting @entity1 received a single dose of 500 mg of @entity9495 as @entity3736 , @entity3736 with a meal, fortified juice or a dairy product meal, with at least 6 d between each intervention. Blood was sampled before and 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after each intervention was ingested. Serum ionised and total @entity9495 increased significantly from baseline over 6 h. Using @entity13621 fasting as a comparator, the elevations in ionised and total @entity9495 were similar after fortified juice, delayed after @entity13621 with a meal and smaller after a dairy product meal. Serum @entity4613 and @entity78 product increased from baseline after @entity13621 with a meal and after a dairy product meal, and they declined after @entity13621 fasting and after fortified juice. The elevations in serum @entity9495 in the present study were only slightly different from those observed after the administration of 1000 mg of @entity9495 in a previous study. These data indicate that different sources of @entity9495 have different acute effects on serum @entity9495 and support recommendations that dietary @entity9495 might be safer than supplements. Whether these differences contribute to differences in cardiovascular risk requires further study.

title: Acute effects of @entity13621 with or without a meal, calcium-fortified juice and a dairy product meal on serum calcium and XXXX : a randomised cross-over trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity13621 :: ('MESH:D019355', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium citrate']

answer: @entity4613 :: (D010710,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: @entity9495 supplements, but not dietary @entity9495 , have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. This difference could be related to differences in their acute effects on serum @entity9495 . We therefore examined the effects of @entity9495 from different sources on serum @entity9495 and @entity4613 in a randomised, cross-over trial of ten @entity1 (mean age of 69 years). Fasting @entity1 received a single dose of 500 mg of @entity9495 as @entity3736 , @entity3736 with a meal, fortified juice or a dairy product meal, with at least 6 d between each intervention. Blood was sampled before and 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after each intervention was ingested. Serum ionised and total @entity9495 increased significantly from baseline over 6 h. Using @entity13621 fasting as a comparator, the elevations in ionised and total @entity9495 were similar after fortified juice, delayed after @entity13621 with a meal and smaller after a dairy product meal. Serum @entity4613 and @entity78 product increased from baseline after @entity13621 with a meal and after a dairy product meal, and they declined after @entity13621 fasting and after fortified juice. The elevations in serum @entity9495 in the present study were only slightly different from those observed after the administration of 1000 mg of @entity9495 in a previous study. These data indicate that different sources of @entity9495 have different acute effects on serum @entity9495 and support recommendations that dietary @entity9495 might be safer than supplements. Whether these differences contribute to differences in cardiovascular risk requires further study.

title: Acute effects of XXXX with or without a meal, calcium-fortified juice and a dairy product meal on serum calcium and @entity4613 : a randomised cross-over trial.

answer: @entity13621 :: (MESH:D019355,Chemical) :: ['calcium citrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ambulatory @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) often present with multiple deviations in all planes including increased internal hip rotation during gait. @entity2096 is a common cause of deviation managed surgically with an external @entity2096 ( @entity2096 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gait and functional outcomes of a group of subjects with @entity306 who underwent surgical intervention that included an @entity2096 compared with a match group with indications of internal hip rotation that did not receive an @entity2096 . METHODS: For this retrospective study, subjects were identified from the Motion Analysis Laboratory database that had orthopaedic surgery including an @entity2096 ( @entity2096 group). A control group was established from a chart review identifying subjects that had indications for an @entity2096 , but did not have this surgery (No- @entity2096 group). All subjects had preoperative and postoperative gait studies. Subjects categorized as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I and II in both @entity2096 and No- @entity2096 groups were combined for analysis. Subjects rated as GMFCS level III were analyzed separately. Preoperative to postoperative kinematic and kinetic variables, Gait Deviation Index, net @entity26 cost, and PODCI scores were analyzed with paired t tests. RESULTS: Typical sagittal plane kinematic variables improved significantly by equivalent magnitudes for both @entity2096 and No- @entity2096 groups (GMFCS I/II and III). Transverse plane improvements were only seen for the @entity2096 group (GMFCS I/II and III). The Gait Deviation Index, an overall index of kinematics, improved by a significantly greater amount for the @entity2096 group across GMFCS levels I/II and III. Net @entity26 cost improved for both @entity2096 and No- @entity2096 for GMFCS I/II. PODCI scores improved for @entity2096 and No- @entity2096 in GMFCS I/II, but only the @entity2096 group for GMFCS III. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity306 , inclusion of an @entity2096 in the surgical intervention, when indicated, resulted in improved outcomes. Overall gait kinematic improvements were significantly greater when an @entity2096 was included in the surgical management. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-retrospective comparative study.

title: Outcomes of Orthopaedic Surgery With and Without an External Femoral Derotational Osteotomy in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['Excessive femoral anteversion', 'FDO', 'femoral derotational osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ambulatory @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) often present with multiple deviations in all planes including increased internal hip rotation during gait. @entity2096 is a common cause of deviation managed surgically with an external @entity2096 ( @entity2096 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gait and functional outcomes of a group of subjects with @entity306 who underwent surgical intervention that included an @entity2096 compared with a match group with indications of internal hip rotation that did not receive an @entity2096 . METHODS: For this retrospective study, subjects were identified from the Motion Analysis Laboratory database that had orthopaedic surgery including an @entity2096 ( @entity2096 group). A control group was established from a chart review identifying subjects that had indications for an @entity2096 , but did not have this surgery (No- @entity2096 group). All subjects had preoperative and postoperative gait studies. Subjects categorized as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I and II in both @entity2096 and No- @entity2096 groups were combined for analysis. Subjects rated as GMFCS level III were analyzed separately. Preoperative to postoperative kinematic and kinetic variables, Gait Deviation Index, net @entity26 cost, and PODCI scores were analyzed with paired t tests. RESULTS: Typical sagittal plane kinematic variables improved significantly by equivalent magnitudes for both @entity2096 and No- @entity2096 groups (GMFCS I/II and III). Transverse plane improvements were only seen for the @entity2096 group (GMFCS I/II and III). The Gait Deviation Index, an overall index of kinematics, improved by a significantly greater amount for the @entity2096 group across GMFCS levels I/II and III. Net @entity26 cost improved for both @entity2096 and No- @entity2096 for GMFCS I/II. PODCI scores improved for @entity2096 and No- @entity2096 in GMFCS I/II, but only the @entity2096 group for GMFCS III. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity306 , inclusion of an @entity2096 in the surgical intervention, when indicated, resulted in improved outcomes. Overall gait kinematic improvements were significantly greater when an @entity2096 was included in the surgical management. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-retrospective comparative study.

title: Outcomes of Orthopaedic Surgery With and Without an External Femoral Derotational Osteotomy in XXXX With @entity306 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immigration from regions with a high incidence of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) has slowed the decline of @entity378 in low-incidence regions. Targeted screening of new immigrants and treatment for @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) is needed to reinvigorate this decline. This meta-analysis compares @entity9178 diagnostic tests by positive test prevalence and proportion of positive tests by @entity378 incidence. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed and data extracted based on tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or @entity379 release assay (IGRA) use in immigrants. For the eight studies performing tests concurrently, data were compared by positive tests and concordance, while other studies comparing individual tests were analyzed based on demographic factors. Data were analyzed via meta-analysis. RESULTS: Forty-five studies with a combined sample size of 93,249 individuals were included in the analyses, 2206 of which were from the eight concurrent studies. Odds of a positive TST were significantly higher than an IGRA (odds ratio 1.46; 95  % confidence interval 1.07-2.01) and test agreement was moderate. Proportion of positive TST and IGRA tests increased with @entity378 incidence, although not linearly. CONCLUSION: TST and IGRA data relating to immigrants are lacking, especially long-term follow-up and comparative data. Further data are urgently needed to determine @entity378 risks after immigration, long-term @entity378 development, and treatment outcomes.

title: XXXX Infection Screening in Immigrants to Low-Incidence Countries: A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LTBI', 'latent TB infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity9178 :: (MESH:D055985,Disease) :: ['Latent Tuberculosis']


abstract: In order to assess pharmacokinetic differences between @entity72112 (S) and @entity3400 (P), two @entity114 derivatives, 24 in- @entity1 , 12 males and 12 females mean age 59.4 years, suffering from recurrent @entity281 were enrolled. @entity1 were randomly allocated to S (12 @entity1 ) and to P (12 @entity1 ) and were given 2 g i.m. every 12 h of the awarded antibiotic, for a 7-day period. At the first and 7th day blood samples (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h after dosing) as well as sputum samples (1, 2, 4, 8, 12 h after dosing) and urine samples (3, 6, 9 and 12 h after dosing) were collected, and the levels of S or P were determined by @entity3881 test. The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by a standard program. On day 1 and 7 the mean peak serum concentration occurred at the first hour for S (39.9 +/- 5.2; 40.9 +/- 5.1 mcg/ml, respectively) and for P (32.2 +/- 5.4; 33.1 +/- 5.4 mcg/ml, respectively). Serum AUC0-12 and AUC0-00 (mg/l.h) levels of S were significantly higher (p less than 0.01 or less) than those of P on day 1 and 7. Similarly MRT (8 h) and Cmax (mg/l) where higher but only on day 7. Sputum AUC0-12 (mg/l.h) level of S was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that of P on day 1 and 7. In conclusion serum and sputum S appear to have a different pharmacokinetic profile in respect to P. However, when compared to the AUC, both drugs reach antibacterial levels.

title: Comparison between @entity72112 and XXXX levels in serum and in bronchial secretions--a pharmacokinetic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial infections']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity72112 :: ('MESH:D013408', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbenicillin']

answer: @entity3400 :: (MESH:D010878,Chemical) :: ['piperacillin']


abstract: In order to assess pharmacokinetic differences between @entity72112 (S) and @entity3400 (P), two @entity114 derivatives, 24 in- @entity1 , 12 males and 12 females mean age 59.4 years, suffering from recurrent @entity281 were enrolled. @entity1 were randomly allocated to S (12 @entity1 ) and to P (12 @entity1 ) and were given 2 g i.m. every 12 h of the awarded antibiotic, for a 7-day period. At the first and 7th day blood samples (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h after dosing) as well as sputum samples (1, 2, 4, 8, 12 h after dosing) and urine samples (3, 6, 9 and 12 h after dosing) were collected, and the levels of S or P were determined by @entity3881 test. The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by a standard program. On day 1 and 7 the mean peak serum concentration occurred at the first hour for S (39.9 +/- 5.2; 40.9 +/- 5.1 mcg/ml, respectively) and for P (32.2 +/- 5.4; 33.1 +/- 5.4 mcg/ml, respectively). Serum AUC0-12 and AUC0-00 (mg/l.h) levels of S were significantly higher (p less than 0.01 or less) than those of P on day 1 and 7. Similarly MRT (8 h) and Cmax (mg/l) where higher but only on day 7. Sputum AUC0-12 (mg/l.h) level of S was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that of P on day 1 and 7. In conclusion serum and sputum S appear to have a different pharmacokinetic profile in respect to P. However, when compared to the AUC, both drugs reach antibacterial levels.

title: Comparison between XXXX and @entity3400 levels in serum and in bronchial secretions--a pharmacokinetic study.

answer: @entity72112 :: (MESH:D013408,Chemical) :: ['sulbenicillin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy of different MR sequences in simultaneous PET/MR imaging for T staging in @entity1149 in relation to histopathology. METHODS: The study included 28 @entity1 who underwent dedicated thoracic PET/MR imaging before @entity5 resection. Local @entity5 staging was performed separately by three readers with each of the following MR sequences together with PET: transverse T2 BLADE, transverse non-enhanced and contrast-enhanced T1 FLASH, T1 3D Dixon VIBE in transverse and coronal orientation, coronal T2 HASTE, and coronal TrueFISP. The staging results were compared with histopathology after resection as the reference standard. Differences in the accuracy of T staging among the MR sequences were evaluated using McNemar's test. Due to multiple testing, Bonferroni correction was applied to prevent accumulation of a errors; p   <   0.0024 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Compared with histopathology, T-staging accuracy was 69  % with T2 BLADE, 68  % with T2 HASTE, 59  % with contrast-enhanced T1 FLASH, 57  % with TrueFISP, 50  % with non-enhanced T1 FLASH, and 45  % and 48  % with T1 3D Dixon VIBE in transverse and coronal orientation, respectively. Staging accuracy with T2 BLADE was significantly higher than with non-enhanced T1 FLASH and with T1 3D Dixon VIBE in transverse and coronal orientations (p   <   0.0024). T2 HASTE had a significantly higher T-staging accuracy than transverse T1 3D-Dixon-VIBE (p   <   0.0024). CONCLUSION: Transverse T2 BLADE images provide the highest accuracy for @entity5 staging and should therefore be included in dedicated thoracic PET/MR protocols. As T1 3D Dixon VIBE images acquired for attenuation correction performed significantly worse, this sequence cannot be considered sufficiently accurate for @entity5 staging in the thorax.

title: Thoracic staging of XXXX using integrated (18)F-FDG PET/MR imaging: diagnostic value of different MR sequences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: In the past we have shown that @entity1 with @entity177 ( @entity177 ) on hemodialysis show evidence of @entity1944 of fat. The present study was designed to verify this finding in an animal model. Male @entity35 weighing +/- 200 g were studied. @entity5507 ( @entity5507 ) was induced by 2-stage subtotal (5/6) nephrectomy. Control (C) animals were sham-operated. Fat absorption was studied after 6 weeks of @entity5507 with the oral fat loading test. Twenty percent intralipid (0.25 g/100 gBW) was given by gastric tube feeding to fasting animals and the appearance of chylomicrons (CHYL) and the rise of @entity1674 (TG) in the serum was followed for 5 hrs. In order to isolate the effect of fat absorption, an additional group of @entity5507 and C animals was pretreated with @entity30444 and triton, thus blocking hepatic TG synthesis and neutralizing peripheral lipoprotein lipase activity. The absorption of CHYL was significantly (p less than 0.01) impaired in all @entity5507 animals and averaged 43 and 70 percent of that of the C animals, 1 and 2 hrs after the load respectively. The rise in serum TG did not differ from C in mildly @entity5507 animals (Scr 1.0 +/- 0.04). In the more severely uremic animals (Scr 2.6 +/- 0.2), however, pretreated with @entity30444 and triton, the rise in serum TG was far less (p less than 0.01) than in C animals (111 +/- 26-903 +/- @entity72185 % V.780 +/- 170-5032 +/- @entity72186 %) 1 and 5 hrs after the load.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in the uremic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity30444 :: ('MESH:D009963', 'Chemical') :: ['orotic acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['Intestinal fat malabsorption']


abstract: In the past we have shown that @entity1 with @entity177 ( @entity177 ) on hemodialysis show evidence of @entity1944 of fat. The present study was designed to verify this finding in an animal model. Male @entity35 weighing +/- 200 g were studied. @entity5507 ( @entity5507 ) was induced by 2-stage subtotal (5/6) nephrectomy. Control (C) animals were sham-operated. Fat absorption was studied after 6 weeks of @entity5507 with the oral fat loading test. Twenty percent intralipid (0.25 g/100 gBW) was given by gastric tube feeding to fasting animals and the appearance of chylomicrons (CHYL) and the rise of @entity1674 (TG) in the serum was followed for 5 hrs. In order to isolate the effect of fat absorption, an additional group of @entity5507 and C animals was pretreated with @entity30444 and triton, thus blocking hepatic TG synthesis and neutralizing peripheral lipoprotein lipase activity. The absorption of CHYL was significantly (p less than 0.01) impaired in all @entity5507 animals and averaged 43 and 70 percent of that of the C animals, 1 and 2 hrs after the load respectively. The rise in serum TG did not differ from C in mildly @entity5507 animals (Scr 1.0 +/- 0.04). In the more severely uremic animals (Scr 2.6 +/- 0.2), however, pretreated with @entity30444 and triton, the rise in serum TG was far less (p less than 0.01) than in C animals (111 +/- 26-903 +/- @entity72185 % V.780 +/- 170-5032 +/- @entity72186 %) 1 and 5 hrs after the load.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1944 in the uremic XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the possible association between @entity440 treatment and the subsequent risk of @entity303 in @entity1 with @entity0 , a population-based cohort study was conducted using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database. METHODS: The study cohort contained 24   197 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2004. Among them, 16   556 cases received @entity440 treatment and 7641 did not. Four @entity1 without @entity0 were frequency matched to each case by age and index-year as the @entity5 -free group. The outcome of the analysis of is @entity303 . Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity0 exhibited a similar risk of developing @entity303 (adjusted HR   =   0.95, 95% CI   =   0.86-1.04) compared with the @entity5 -free group. In addition, among @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 , @entity440 users exhibited a significant 17% lower risk of @entity303 compared with those not using @entity440 (adjusted HR   =   0.83, 95% CI   =   0.69-0.98), but the significant difference was limited to 5 years or more use (adjusted HR   =   0.47, 95% CI   =   0.32-0.69). Both @entity440 and aromatase inhibitor use had a joint effect, with a significantly lower risk of @entity303 among @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The results of this population-based cohort study suggest that long-term use of @entity440 in @entity1 with @entity0 is associated with a lower risk of @entity303 .

title: Long-term use of XXXX reduces the risk of @entity303 : a nationwide population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the possible association between @entity440 treatment and the subsequent risk of @entity303 in @entity1 with @entity0 , a population-based cohort study was conducted using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database. METHODS: The study cohort contained 24   197 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2004. Among them, 16   556 cases received @entity440 treatment and 7641 did not. Four @entity1 without @entity0 were frequency matched to each case by age and index-year as the @entity5 -free group. The outcome of the analysis of is @entity303 . Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity0 exhibited a similar risk of developing @entity303 (adjusted HR   =   0.95, 95% CI   =   0.86-1.04) compared with the @entity5 -free group. In addition, among @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 , @entity440 users exhibited a significant 17% lower risk of @entity303 compared with those not using @entity440 (adjusted HR   =   0.83, 95% CI   =   0.69-0.98), but the significant difference was limited to 5 years or more use (adjusted HR   =   0.47, 95% CI   =   0.32-0.69). Both @entity440 and aromatase inhibitor use had a joint effect, with a significantly lower risk of @entity303 among @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The results of this population-based cohort study suggest that long-term use of @entity440 in @entity1 with @entity0 is associated with a lower risk of @entity303 .

title: Long-term use of @entity440 reduces the risk of XXXX : a nationwide population-based cohort study.

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A precursor microRNA (miRNA) has two arms: miR-5p and miR-3p (miR-5p/-3p). Depending on the tissue or cell types, both arms can become functional. However, little is known about their coregulatory mechanisms during the tumorigenic process. Here, by using the large-scale miRNA expression profiles of five @entity5 types, we revealed that several of miR-5p/-3p arms were concordantly dysregulated in each @entity5 . To explore possible coregulatory mechanisms of concordantly dysregulated miR-5p/-3p pairs, we developed a robust computational framework and applied it to @entity2 data. The framework deciphers miR-5p/-3p coregulated protein interaction networks critical to @entity2 development. As a novel part in the method, we uniquely applied the second-order partial correlation to minimize false-positive regulations. Using 279 matched miRNA and mRNA expression profiles extracted from @entity5 and normal lung tissue samples, we identified 17 aberrantly expressed miR-5p/-3p pairs that potentially modulate the gene expression of 35 protein complexes. Functional analyses revealed that these complexes are associated with @entity5 -related biological processes, suggesting the oncogenic potential of the reported miR-5p/-3p pairs. Specifically, we revealed that the reduced expression of @entity3373 -5p/-3p pair potentially contributes to elevated expression of genes in the " @entity4009 transcription factor network" pathway, which may consequently lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Subsequently, the regulation of @entity3373 -5p/-3p in the @entity4009 signaling pathway was validated by a cohort of 104 matched miRNA and protein (reverse-phase protein array) expression profiles in @entity2 . In summary, our computational framework provides a novel tool to study miR-5p/-3p coregulatory mechanisms in @entity5 .

title: Concordant dysregulation of miR-5p and miR-3p arms of the same precursor microRNA may be a mechanism in inducing cell proliferation and tumorigenesis: a XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer and other diseases', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Caregiver burden is an important issue that needs to be addressed when developing management programs for @entity1 with chronic mental illnesses, but there is, as yet, no reliable way for assessing this in China. AIM: Assess the validity and reliability of a brief adapted Chinese version of the Family Experience Interview Schedule (FEIS) among caregivers of inpatients with @entity146 in China. METHODS: We first translated and back-translated the original 114-item FEIS and administered it to 606 primary caregivers of @entity146 inpatients. After excluding 9 items about sociodemographic variables and 9 items that over 15% of respondents were unable to answer, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis using a random half of the sample on the remaining 96 items and, based on the results of the factor analysis, selected the items to be included in the final shortened scale. Correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency measures were used to assess the reliability and validity of the final scale using data from the second half of the sample. RESULTS: The final scale included 28 items that loaded on five dimensions: (a) @entity1 ' violent behavior; (b) @entity1 ' suicidal tendency; (c) caregivers' @entity308 and @entity148 ; (d) disruption of caregivers' daily routines; and (e) caregivers' satisfaction with health services. These five dimensions explained 50.5% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis found reasonable fit of this 5-factor model (   (2) /df=2.94, p<0.001, goodness-of-fit index [GFI]=0.85, comparative fit index [CFI]=0.85, root-mean-square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.08). The correlation coefficients between each item and the corresponding factor were all above 0.5. The Cronbach a coefficient of the entire scale was 0.76 and that for the five dimensions varied between 0.71 and 0.84. CONCLUSION: The five dimensions of family burden assessed by the 28-item brief Chinese version of FEIS have good internal consistency and, thus, appear to assess valid dimensions of family burden in Chinese caregivers of @entity1 with serious mental illnesses. Further work is needed to assess the test-retest reliability of this scale and its sensitivity to change over time.

title: Brief Chinese version of the Family Experience Interview Schedule to assess caregiver burden of family members of individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: AIM: To investigate transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with hepatic infusion of @entity901 and @entity1487 and @entity4831 chemoembolization in large @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: In this retrospective study, 132 @entity1 with unresectable HCCs larger than 10 cm were treated with hepatic infusion of @entity901 and @entity1487 followed by @entity4831 chemoembolization. The primary endpoint was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Sixteen-week disease-control rate, @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), and major complications were also studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors affecting @entity1349 and @entity1054 . RESULTS: A total of 319 procedures were performed in the 132 @entity1 . Eleven (8.3%) @entity1 received radical resection following TACE treatment (median time to initial TACE 4.3    2.3 mo). The median @entity1349 and @entity1054 were 10.3 and 3.0 mo respectively, with a 50.0% 16-wk disease-control rate. Major complications were encountered in 6.0% (8/132) of @entity1 following TACE and included serious @entity1087 in 1.5% (2/132) @entity1 , @entity2363 in 1.5% (2/132), and @entity1578 in 3.0% (4/132). One @entity1 died within one month due to serious @entity1578 and @entity295 after receiving the second TACE. The risk factor associated with @entity1054 was baseline @entity160 level, and vascular invasion was an independent factor related to @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: Hepatic infusion of @entity901 and @entity1487 followed by lipiodolized-chemoembolization is a safe and promising treatment for @entity1 with HCCs larger than 10 cm in diameter.

title: XXXX and @entity1487 hepatic infusion with lipiodolized chemoembolization in large @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['severe sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['Oxaliplatin']


abstract: AIM: To investigate transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with hepatic infusion of @entity901 and @entity1487 and @entity4831 chemoembolization in large @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: In this retrospective study, 132 @entity1 with unresectable HCCs larger than 10 cm were treated with hepatic infusion of @entity901 and @entity1487 followed by @entity4831 chemoembolization. The primary endpoint was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Sixteen-week disease-control rate, @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), and major complications were also studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors affecting @entity1349 and @entity1054 . RESULTS: A total of 319 procedures were performed in the 132 @entity1 . Eleven (8.3%) @entity1 received radical resection following TACE treatment (median time to initial TACE 4.3    2.3 mo). The median @entity1349 and @entity1054 were 10.3 and 3.0 mo respectively, with a 50.0% 16-wk disease-control rate. Major complications were encountered in 6.0% (8/132) of @entity1 following TACE and included serious @entity1087 in 1.5% (2/132) @entity1 , @entity2363 in 1.5% (2/132), and @entity1578 in 3.0% (4/132). One @entity1 died within one month due to serious @entity1578 and @entity295 after receiving the second TACE. The risk factor associated with @entity1054 was baseline @entity160 level, and vascular invasion was an independent factor related to @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: Hepatic infusion of @entity901 and @entity1487 followed by lipiodolized-chemoembolization is a safe and promising treatment for @entity1 with HCCs larger than 10 cm in diameter.

title: @entity901 and XXXX hepatic infusion with lipiodolized chemoembolization in large @entity157 .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: AIM: To investigate transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with hepatic infusion of @entity901 and @entity1487 and @entity4831 chemoembolization in large @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: In this retrospective study, 132 @entity1 with unresectable HCCs larger than 10 cm were treated with hepatic infusion of @entity901 and @entity1487 followed by @entity4831 chemoembolization. The primary endpoint was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Sixteen-week disease-control rate, @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), and major complications were also studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors affecting @entity1349 and @entity1054 . RESULTS: A total of 319 procedures were performed in the 132 @entity1 . Eleven (8.3%) @entity1 received radical resection following TACE treatment (median time to initial TACE 4.3    2.3 mo). The median @entity1349 and @entity1054 were 10.3 and 3.0 mo respectively, with a 50.0% 16-wk disease-control rate. Major complications were encountered in 6.0% (8/132) of @entity1 following TACE and included serious @entity1087 in 1.5% (2/132) @entity1 , @entity2363 in 1.5% (2/132), and @entity1578 in 3.0% (4/132). One @entity1 died within one month due to serious @entity1578 and @entity295 after receiving the second TACE. The risk factor associated with @entity1054 was baseline @entity160 level, and vascular invasion was an independent factor related to @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: Hepatic infusion of @entity901 and @entity1487 followed by lipiodolized-chemoembolization is a safe and promising treatment for @entity1 with HCCs larger than 10 cm in diameter.

title: @entity901 and @entity1487 hepatic infusion with lipiodolized chemoembolization in large XXXX .

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: In an open study, 30 @entity1 with clue cell-positive discharge (CCPD) were treated for seven days with either @entity115 , @entity115 - @entity798 or @entity868 (ten in each group). @entity1 were monitored on days 2, 4, 9 and 15. Clinical and microscopical parameters were used to assess treatment efficacy. Gas-liquid chromatography of vaginal secretions was also performed. The succinate- @entity880 ratio had good correlation with the clinical findings. All @entity1 treated with @entity868 were cured by day 4, suggesting that a three-day course is as effective as the standard seven-day regimen. Treatment with @entity115 - @entity798 was less effective resulting in the cure of seven @entity1 by day 15. @entity115 established normal secretions in only four @entity1 . Gastro-intestinal complaints, although common in @entity1 treated with @entity115 - @entity798 , were generally mild. We consider @entity115 - @entity798 a possible alternative in the treatment of CCPD.

title: @entity115 , @entity115 - XXXX and @entity868 in the treatment of clue cell-positive discharge. A comparative clinical and laboratory study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxycillin', 'amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity798 :: (MESH:D019818,Chemical) :: ['clavulanic acid']


abstract: In an open study, 30 @entity1 with clue cell-positive discharge (CCPD) were treated for seven days with either @entity115 , @entity115 - @entity798 or @entity868 (ten in each group). @entity1 were monitored on days 2, 4, 9 and 15. Clinical and microscopical parameters were used to assess treatment efficacy. Gas-liquid chromatography of vaginal secretions was also performed. The succinate- @entity880 ratio had good correlation with the clinical findings. All @entity1 treated with @entity868 were cured by day 4, suggesting that a three-day course is as effective as the standard seven-day regimen. Treatment with @entity115 - @entity798 was less effective resulting in the cure of seven @entity1 by day 15. @entity115 established normal secretions in only four @entity1 . Gastro-intestinal complaints, although common in @entity1 treated with @entity115 - @entity798 , were generally mild. We consider @entity115 - @entity798 a possible alternative in the treatment of CCPD.

title: XXXX , @entity115 - @entity798 and @entity868 in the treatment of clue cell-positive discharge. A comparative clinical and laboratory study.

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['Amoxycillin']


abstract: In an open study, 30 @entity1 with clue cell-positive discharge (CCPD) were treated for seven days with either @entity115 , @entity115 - @entity798 or @entity868 (ten in each group). @entity1 were monitored on days 2, 4, 9 and 15. Clinical and microscopical parameters were used to assess treatment efficacy. Gas-liquid chromatography of vaginal secretions was also performed. The succinate- @entity880 ratio had good correlation with the clinical findings. All @entity1 treated with @entity868 were cured by day 4, suggesting that a three-day course is as effective as the standard seven-day regimen. Treatment with @entity115 - @entity798 was less effective resulting in the cure of seven @entity1 by day 15. @entity115 established normal secretions in only four @entity1 . Gastro-intestinal complaints, although common in @entity1 treated with @entity115 - @entity798 , were generally mild. We consider @entity115 - @entity798 a possible alternative in the treatment of CCPD.

title: @entity115 , XXXX - @entity798 and @entity868 in the treatment of clue cell-positive discharge. A comparative clinical and laboratory study.

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxycillin']


abstract: In an open study, 30 @entity1 with clue cell-positive discharge (CCPD) were treated for seven days with either @entity115 , @entity115 - @entity798 or @entity868 (ten in each group). @entity1 were monitored on days 2, 4, 9 and 15. Clinical and microscopical parameters were used to assess treatment efficacy. Gas-liquid chromatography of vaginal secretions was also performed. The succinate- @entity880 ratio had good correlation with the clinical findings. All @entity1 treated with @entity868 were cured by day 4, suggesting that a three-day course is as effective as the standard seven-day regimen. Treatment with @entity115 - @entity798 was less effective resulting in the cure of seven @entity1 by day 15. @entity115 established normal secretions in only four @entity1 . Gastro-intestinal complaints, although common in @entity1 treated with @entity115 - @entity798 , were generally mild. We consider @entity115 - @entity798 a possible alternative in the treatment of CCPD.

title: @entity115 , @entity115 - @entity798 and XXXX in the treatment of clue cell-positive discharge. A comparative clinical and laboratory study.

answer: @entity868 :: (MESH:D008795,Chemical) :: ['metronidazole']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Advanced video technology is available for sleep-laboratories. However, low-cost equipment for screening in the home setting has not been identified and tested, nor has a methodology for analysis of video recordings been suggested. METHODS: We investigated different combinations of hardware/software for home-videosomnography (HVS) and established a process for qualitative and quantitative analysis of HVS-recordings. A case vignette (HVS analysis for a 5.5-year-old @entity1 with major @entity22 and several co-morbidities) demonstrates how methodological considerations were addressed and how HVS added value to clinical assessment. RESULTS: We suggest an "ideal set of hardware/software" that is reliable, affordable (    500) and portable (=2.8   kg) to conduct non-invasive HVS, which allows time-lapse analyses. The equipment consists of a net-book, a camera with infrared optics, and a video capture device. (1) We present an HVS-analysis protocol consisting of three steps of analysis at varying replay speeds: (a) basic overview and classification at 16* normal speed; (b) second viewing and detailed descriptions at 4-8* normal speed, and (c) viewing, listening, and in-depth descriptions at real-time speed. (2) We also present a custom software program that facilitates video analysis and note-taking (Annotator(  )), and Optical Flow software that automatically quantifies movement for internal quality control of the HVS-recording. The case vignette demonstrates how the HVS-recordings revealed the dimension of @entity22 caused by @entity4531 , and illustrated the cascade of symptoms, @entity146 , and resulting medications. CONCLUSION: The strategy of using HVS, although requiring validation and reliability testing, opens the floor for a new "observational sleep medicine," which has been useful in describing discomfort-related behavioral movement patterns in @entity1 with communication difficulties presenting with challenging/disruptive sleep/wake behaviors.

title: "Diagnosis by behavioral observation" home-videosomnography - a rigorous ethnographic approach to sleep of XXXX with neurodevelopmental conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['challenging behaviors']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs syndrome']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding how urbanisation and rural-urban migration influence risk-factors for @entity166 ( @entity166 ) is crucial for developing effective preventative strategies globally. This study compares @entity166 risk-factor prevalence in urban, rural and migrant populations in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa. METHODS: Study @entity1 were 39,436 adults within the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health ( @entity12337 ), surveyed 2007-2010. Risk ratios (RR) for each risk-factor were calculated using logistic regression in country-specific and all country pooled analyses, adjusted for age, sex and survey design. Fully adjusted models included income quintile, marital status and education. RESULTS: Regular @entity167 consumption was lower in migrant and urban groups than in rural groups (pooled RR and 95%CI: 0.47 (0.31-0.68); 0.58, (0.46-0.72), respectively). Occupational physical activity was lower (0.86 (0.72-0.98); 0.76 (0.65-0.85)) while active travel and recreational physical activity were higher (pooled RRs for urban groups; 1.05 (1.00-1.09), 2.36 (1.95-2.83), respectively; for migrant groups: 1.07 (1.0 -1.12), 1.71 (1.11-2.53), respectively). Overweight, raised waist circumference and diagnosed @entity6 were higher in urban groups (1.19 (1.04-1.35), 1.24 (1.07-1.42), 1.69 (1.15-2.47), respectively). Exceptions to these trends exist: @entity28 indicators were higher in rural Russia; active travel was lower in urban groups in Ghana and India; and in South Africa, urban groups had the highest @entity167 consumption. CONCLUSION: Migrants and urban dwellers had similar @entity166 risk-factor profiles. These were not consistently worse than those seen in rural dwellers. The variable impact of urbanisation on @entity166 risk must be considered in the design and evaluation of strategies to reduce the growing burden of NCDs globally.

title: Rural, Urban and Migrant Differences in Non-Communicable Disease Risk-Factors in Middle Income Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study of WHO- XXXX Data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['NCD', 'non-communicable disease']

answer: @entity12337 :: (55511,Gene) :: ['SAGE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identifying @entity281 early, commencing appropriate empiric antibiotic not only helps gain control early, but also reduces mortality and morbidity. Conventional cultures take about 5 days to identify @entity281 . To identify the @entity281 early biomarker like serum procalcitonin (SPC). AIMS: We studied the correlation of an elevated level of SPC and positive culture in elective adult @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted from January to December 2013. SPC was checked in @entity1 showing evidence of @entity295 . Simultaneously, relevant culture was also undertaken. Correlation, specificity, and sensitivity of elevated SPC were checked. RESULTS: A total of 819 adult @entity1 were included in the study. 43 of them had signs of @entity281 and SPC levels were checked. Based on the level of SPC criteria, 10 @entity1 were diagnosed as "nil", out of them, 4 had culture-positive @entity281 , 17 were suggested to have "mild @entity281 ," 3 out those had culture positivity. None among the eleven @entity1 suggested to have "moderate @entity281 ," had a positive culture, and one among the five suggested to have a severe @entity281 had a positive culture. The sensitivity was 50% and the specificity 17%. The positive predictive value was 12% and the negative predictive value 60%. CONCLUSIONS: We failed to elicit positive correlation between elevated SPC levels and @entity86 in cardio surgical @entity1 .

title: Elevated postoperative serum procalcitonin is not indicative of bacterial infection in cardiac surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: As a subfamily of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), gelatinases including @entity11017 and @entity6929 play an important role in remodeling and homeostasis of the extracellular matrix. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding their expression level and activity in the @entity6 kidney. This study investigated whether and how @entity6929 expression and activity were changed in glomerular epithelial cells upon @entity21787 overload. In situ zymography, immunostaining and Western blot for renal MMP gelatinolytic activity and @entity6929 protein expression were performed in Zucker lean and Zucker @entity6 @entity35 . Confocal microscopy revealed a focal increase in gelatinase activity and @entity6929 protein in the glomeruli of @entity6 @entity35 . Increased glomerular @entity6929 staining was mainly observed in hyperplastic parietal epithelial cells (PECs) expressing @entity32243 in the @entity6 kidneys. Interestingly, increased parietal @entity6929 was often accompanied by decreased staining for podocyte markers (nephrin and @entity39384 ) in the @entity3808 area of affected glomeruli in @entity6 @entity35 . Additionally, urinary excretion of podocyte marker proteins was significantly increased in association with the levels of @entity6929 and @entity21787 in the urine of @entity6 animals. To evaluate the direct effect of @entity21787 on expression and activity of @entity6929 , primary cultured @entity35 glomerular PECs were incubated with rat serum @entity21787 (0.25 - 1 mg/ml) for 24 - 48 hrs. @entity6929 mRNA levels were significantly increased following @entity21787 treatment. Meanwhile, @entity21787 administration resulted in a dose-dependent increase in @entity6929 protein and activity in culture supernatants of PECs. Moreover, @entity21787 activated @entity10861 /42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in PECs. Inhibition of @entity10861 /42 MAPK suppressed @entity21787 -induced @entity6929 secretion from glomerular PECs. Taken together, we have demonstrated that an up-regulation of @entity6929 in activated parietal epithelium is associated with a loss of adjacent podocytes in progressive @entity2316 . @entity21787 overload may induce @entity6929 expression and secretion by PECs via the activation of @entity10861 /42 MAPK pathway.

title: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression is enhanced in renal parietal epithelial cells of zucker XXXX Fatty @entity35 and is induced by @entity21787 in in vitro primary parietal cell culture.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: As a subfamily of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), gelatinases including @entity11017 and @entity6929 play an important role in remodeling and homeostasis of the extracellular matrix. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding their expression level and activity in the @entity6 kidney. This study investigated whether and how @entity6929 expression and activity were changed in glomerular epithelial cells upon @entity21787 overload. In situ zymography, immunostaining and Western blot for renal MMP gelatinolytic activity and @entity6929 protein expression were performed in Zucker lean and Zucker @entity6 @entity35 . Confocal microscopy revealed a focal increase in gelatinase activity and @entity6929 protein in the glomeruli of @entity6 @entity35 . Increased glomerular @entity6929 staining was mainly observed in hyperplastic parietal epithelial cells (PECs) expressing @entity32243 in the @entity6 kidneys. Interestingly, increased parietal @entity6929 was often accompanied by decreased staining for podocyte markers (nephrin and @entity39384 ) in the @entity3808 area of affected glomeruli in @entity6 @entity35 . Additionally, urinary excretion of podocyte marker proteins was significantly increased in association with the levels of @entity6929 and @entity21787 in the urine of @entity6 animals. To evaluate the direct effect of @entity21787 on expression and activity of @entity6929 , primary cultured @entity35 glomerular PECs were incubated with rat serum @entity21787 (0.25 - 1 mg/ml) for 24 - 48 hrs. @entity6929 mRNA levels were significantly increased following @entity21787 treatment. Meanwhile, @entity21787 administration resulted in a dose-dependent increase in @entity6929 protein and activity in culture supernatants of PECs. Moreover, @entity21787 activated @entity10861 /42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in PECs. Inhibition of @entity10861 /42 MAPK suppressed @entity21787 -induced @entity6929 secretion from glomerular PECs. Taken together, we have demonstrated that an up-regulation of @entity6929 in activated parietal epithelium is associated with a loss of adjacent podocytes in progressive @entity2316 . @entity21787 overload may induce @entity6929 expression and secretion by PECs via the activation of @entity10861 /42 MAPK pathway.

title: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression is enhanced in renal parietal epithelial cells of zucker @entity6 Fatty @entity35 and is induced by XXXX in in vitro primary parietal cell culture.

answer: @entity21787 :: (24186(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['albumin']


abstract: As a subfamily of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), gelatinases including @entity11017 and @entity6929 play an important role in remodeling and homeostasis of the extracellular matrix. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding their expression level and activity in the @entity6 kidney. This study investigated whether and how @entity6929 expression and activity were changed in glomerular epithelial cells upon @entity21787 overload. In situ zymography, immunostaining and Western blot for renal MMP gelatinolytic activity and @entity6929 protein expression were performed in Zucker lean and Zucker @entity6 @entity35 . Confocal microscopy revealed a focal increase in gelatinase activity and @entity6929 protein in the glomeruli of @entity6 @entity35 . Increased glomerular @entity6929 staining was mainly observed in hyperplastic parietal epithelial cells (PECs) expressing @entity32243 in the @entity6 kidneys. Interestingly, increased parietal @entity6929 was often accompanied by decreased staining for podocyte markers (nephrin and @entity39384 ) in the @entity3808 area of affected glomeruli in @entity6 @entity35 . Additionally, urinary excretion of podocyte marker proteins was significantly increased in association with the levels of @entity6929 and @entity21787 in the urine of @entity6 animals. To evaluate the direct effect of @entity21787 on expression and activity of @entity6929 , primary cultured @entity35 glomerular PECs were incubated with rat serum @entity21787 (0.25 - 1 mg/ml) for 24 - 48 hrs. @entity6929 mRNA levels were significantly increased following @entity21787 treatment. Meanwhile, @entity21787 administration resulted in a dose-dependent increase in @entity6929 protein and activity in culture supernatants of PECs. Moreover, @entity21787 activated @entity10861 /42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in PECs. Inhibition of @entity10861 /42 MAPK suppressed @entity21787 -induced @entity6929 secretion from glomerular PECs. Taken together, we have demonstrated that an up-regulation of @entity6929 in activated parietal epithelium is associated with a loss of adjacent podocytes in progressive @entity2316 . @entity21787 overload may induce @entity6929 expression and secretion by PECs via the activation of @entity10861 /42 MAPK pathway.

title: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression is enhanced in renal parietal epithelial cells of zucker @entity6 Fatty XXXX and is induced by @entity21787 in in vitro primary parietal cell culture.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A program of sexual rehabilitation in a @entity5 center evaluated 308 @entity1 and 76 @entity1 , using a structured interview. The site of the @entity5 was pelvic or genital in 79% of @entity1 and 58% of @entity1 . Most @entity1 (73%) had one or two sessions of sexual counseling, but therapy was more intensive for about a quarter of @entity1 . Partners were included in counseling by 28% of @entity1 and 56% of @entity1 . Although @entity5 @entity1 and spouses of @entity1 reported similar rates of @entity250 before @entity5 diagnosis, after @entity5 treatment husbands and wives of @entity1 maintained stable sexual function, while dysfunctions increased dramatically in all categories except @entity2754 for @entity1 . @entity1 who were older or had @entity530 were more likely to develop arousal-phase @entity250 . Psychological distress was correlated with rates of @entity458 and @entity546 in both @entity1 and @entity1 . The success of treatment in reversing @entity250 was rated by the therapist in 118 cases. @entity1 who were younger, who were not clinically depressed, and who had less conflicted marriages had more positive outcomes. Good outcome was also associated with a longer duration of treatment.

title: Sexual rehabilitation in a XXXX center: diagnosis and outcome in 384 consultations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['low sexual desire']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic/genital tumors']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual dysfunctions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']