abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) significantly contributes to the global burden of @entity5 . @entity96 is the third most frequent cause of @entity5 , with @entity157 representing more than 90% of primary @entity96 . During the last decade, much progress has been made with respect to the definition of @entity1 populations at risk who may benefit from surveillance strategies, as well as in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. SUMMARY: New locoregional and systemic therapies have significantly increased the survival of @entity1 with @entity157 . A multitude of clinical trials addressing @entity1 with @entity157 have led to advancements in the allocation of subgroups of @entity1 to their optimal individual treatment strategy. This review provides an overview on recent developments in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and an outlook on future directions in the management of @entity157 . KEY MESSAGE: New locoregional and systemic therapies in @entity1 with @entity157 have significantly improved clinical outlook and @entity1 survival. This review provides an overview of recent developments in diagnostics and therapeutics, as well as an outlook on future directions in the management of @entity157 . PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Transabdominal ultrasound is the method of choice for the surveillance of @entity1 at risk of developing @entity157 , and any suspicious focal lesion in the liver should be characterized. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with application of second-generation contrast agents enables visualization of @entity5 vascularity. The Barcelona Clinic @entity96 (BCLC) system is the most widely used classification system to guide the clinical management of @entity157 . Liver resection should be considered for @entity1 with well-preserved liver function and without portal @entity101 or elevated @entity648 . @entity1 not suitable for resection should undergo local @entity5 ablation. Candidates who are eligible for liver transplantation may benefit from bridging therapy during their waiting period. @entity1 in the BCLC B category benefit from locoregional transarterial therapy; transarterial chemoembolization is the treatment of choice. @entity2857 is the only systemic therapy that has been shown to prolong overall survival in @entity1 with @entity1442 , and is therefore recommended in @entity1 with well-preserved liver function.

title: XXXX : Current Concepts in Diagnosis, Staging and Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver cancer', 'Liver Cancer', 'liver cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity420 is rare. We aimed to evaluate survival outcome and prognostic factors for survival in @entity1 with @entity420 in recent years, marked by advancement in chemotherapy for @entity1820 . All @entity1 treated for @entity420 at our institution between January 2000 and July 2013 were reviewed. Thirty-nine @entity1 were identified: 27 operative @entity1 [21(53.8%) curative and 6 (15.4%) palliative operations] and 12 nonoperative @entity1 [primary systemic chemotherapy, 4 (10.3%), palliative radiotherapy, 1 (2.6%), and no treatment, 7 (17.9%)]. Curative resections included 13 pancreaticoduodenectomies and eight segmental resections. Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for entire cohort was 14.4 months. Median @entity1349 and one-, three-, and five-year @entity1349 were operative group (41.4 months; 79.1%, 50.6%, and 10.6%, respectively); nonoperative group (7.4 months; 25.0%, 8.3%, and 0%, respectively); curative surgery (45.4 months; 92.9%, 62.5%, and 16.7%, respectively) and palliative surgery (5.4 months; 33.3%, 16.7%, and 0%, respectively). Female gender (P = 0.04), curative resection (P = 0.03), nodal @entity3 (P = 0.047) and advanced T stage (P = 0.047) were predictive of @entity1349 . Two factors were independently predictive of @entity1349 -female gender and curative resection. Overall survival still hinges on curative resection. This favors early detection. Adjuvant treatment modalities such as chemotherapy and radiation require further investigation.

title: XXXX : Profile and Predictors of Survival Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal adenocarcinoma', 'duodenal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Duodenal Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been recently reported that the Romhilt-Estes (R-E) score, originally proposed for detection of left @entity123 from the electrocardiogram, is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality. Whether the R-E score is also predictive of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and whether its individual components differ in their ability to predict different @entity65 outcomes are not well established. METHODS: This analysis includes 13,261 @entity1 from the ARIC study who were free of @entity65 at baseline (1987-1989). Incident @entity65 , @entity301 ( @entity301 ), @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and @entity64 were ascertained by an adjudication committee through December 2010. The R-E left @entity123 score was measured from automatically processed baseline electrocardiogram data. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between baseline the R-E overall score (overall) and each of its 6 individual components separately, with each of the @entity65 outcomes. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 21.8 years, 3,579, 2,205, 1,814, and 731 @entity65 , @entity301 , @entity712 , and @entity64 events, respectively, occurred. In multivariable adjusted models, R-E score >= 4 points (compared with 0 points) was associated with increased risk of @entity65 , @entity301 , @entity712 , and @entity64 (hazard ratio [95% CI] 1.66 [1.41-1.96], 1.66 [1.34-2.07], 1.97 [1.60-2.43], and 1.49 [1.07-2.07], respectively). The 6 component of the R-E score varied in their relationship to different @entity65 outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The R-E score is predictive of @entity65 outcomes. The 6 R-E score components differ in their associations with different @entity65 outcomes, indicating that they may be electrical biomarkers of different physiological events within the myocardium.

title: Individual components of the Romhilt-Estes left XXXX score differ in their prediction of cardiovascular events: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity123 :: (MESH:D024741,Disease) :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: We examined transient and steady-state responses of the pulmonary circulation to @entity519 in isolated @entity1707 lungs perfused with autologous blood. Responses were quantified by the pulmonary artery pressure at a flow of 1 l/min ( @entity72908 ) read directly from pressure-flow recordings. Alveolar @entity544 tension was constant at 38 Torr and alveolar @entity26 pressure (PAO2) was varied between 670 and 0 Torr. When PAO2 was lowered progressively every 10 min, the relation between PAO2 and @entity72908 was sigmoidal, with maximum constriction occurring at a PAO2 of 0 Torr; however, if @entity72908 was allowed to reach a steady state at each level of PAO2, the relation was reproducibly and reversibly biphasic. @entity72908 increased as PAO2 decreased from 670 to 60 Torr, was maximum and stable at PAO2 between 60 and 30 Torr, and decreased as PAO2 was lowered from 30 to 0 Torr. As a result, steady-state @entity72908 at PAO2 greater than or equal to 200 Torr was similar to that at PAO2 = 0 Torr. When PAO2 was changed from 200 Torr to a constant lower level, @entity72908 required 20-30 min to achieve a steady state at PAO2 greater than or equal to 25 Torr and 40-50 min at PAO2 of 10 and 0 Torr. With the latter, the responses consisted of vasoconstriction followed by marked vasodilation. Thus pulmonary vasomotor tone was a complex function of both PAO2 and time. Attempts to explain the pulmonary vascular response to @entity519 must take these complexities into account.

title: Vasodilator and constrictor responses to XXXX in isolated @entity1707 lungs.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: We examined transient and steady-state responses of the pulmonary circulation to @entity519 in isolated @entity1707 lungs perfused with autologous blood. Responses were quantified by the pulmonary artery pressure at a flow of 1 l/min ( @entity72908 ) read directly from pressure-flow recordings. Alveolar @entity544 tension was constant at 38 Torr and alveolar @entity26 pressure (PAO2) was varied between 670 and 0 Torr. When PAO2 was lowered progressively every 10 min, the relation between PAO2 and @entity72908 was sigmoidal, with maximum constriction occurring at a PAO2 of 0 Torr; however, if @entity72908 was allowed to reach a steady state at each level of PAO2, the relation was reproducibly and reversibly biphasic. @entity72908 increased as PAO2 decreased from 670 to 60 Torr, was maximum and stable at PAO2 between 60 and 30 Torr, and decreased as PAO2 was lowered from 30 to 0 Torr. As a result, steady-state @entity72908 at PAO2 greater than or equal to 200 Torr was similar to that at PAO2 = 0 Torr. When PAO2 was changed from 200 Torr to a constant lower level, @entity72908 required 20-30 min to achieve a steady state at PAO2 greater than or equal to 25 Torr and 40-50 min at PAO2 of 10 and 0 Torr. With the latter, the responses consisted of vasoconstriction followed by marked vasodilation. Thus pulmonary vasomotor tone was a complex function of both PAO2 and time. Attempts to explain the pulmonary vascular response to @entity519 must take these complexities into account.

title: Vasodilator and constrictor responses to @entity519 in isolated XXXX lungs.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current evidences indicated that a group of soluble mediators called chemokines is involved in @entity5 growth and @entity3 . The association of @entity687 with @entity5 cell migration was previously found, and its expression was related to angiogenesis, @entity5 progression, and @entity3 in many kinds of @entity189 in @entity1 and animal models. Furthermore, it has been showed that @entity4155 plays its role as either a proteome of @entity5 progression or antitumor indifferent @entity5 models. To investigate the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of @entity687 and @entity4155 in @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and non- @entity5 tissue, quantitative real-time PCR was used in the study. Our results showed that expression of @entity687 mRNA was significantly increased in @entity5 tissues (mean        SD 3.84        0.08) compared with adjacent normal mucosa (mean        SD 1.17        0.75, P   =   0.001). Furthermore, a higher expression of @entity4155 mRNA was found in @entity5 tissues (mean        SD 2.73        0.69) when compared with normal tissues (mean        SD 1.06        0.07, P   =   0.001). Our findings indicated that advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stage (P   =   0.024) and histological grade (poorly differentiated, P   =   0.013) and distant @entity3 (P   =   0.001) were correlated with expression of @entity687 . Moreover, high expression of @entity4155 showed significant association with early stage @entity14 ( @entity5 ) (P   =   0.038). In conclusion, the expression of @entity687 and @entity4155 mRNAs was significantly increased in @entity5 tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. We found that advanced @entity5 stage and histological grade and distant @entity3 were correlated with expression of @entity687 , while high expression of @entity4155 showed significant association with early stage @entity14 ( @entity5 ) stage and overexpression of @entity687 may be associated with progression of @entity14 .

title: Overexpression of interleukins @entity4155 and @entity687 with poor prognosis in XXXX induces @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-node-metastasis', 'tumor', 'TNM', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current evidences indicated that a group of soluble mediators called chemokines is involved in @entity5 growth and @entity3 . The association of @entity687 with @entity5 cell migration was previously found, and its expression was related to angiogenesis, @entity5 progression, and @entity3 in many kinds of @entity189 in @entity1 and animal models. Furthermore, it has been showed that @entity4155 plays its role as either a proteome of @entity5 progression or antitumor indifferent @entity5 models. To investigate the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of @entity687 and @entity4155 in @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and non- @entity5 tissue, quantitative real-time PCR was used in the study. Our results showed that expression of @entity687 mRNA was significantly increased in @entity5 tissues (mean        SD 3.84        0.08) compared with adjacent normal mucosa (mean        SD 1.17        0.75, P   =   0.001). Furthermore, a higher expression of @entity4155 mRNA was found in @entity5 tissues (mean        SD 2.73        0.69) when compared with normal tissues (mean        SD 1.06        0.07, P   =   0.001). Our findings indicated that advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stage (P   =   0.024) and histological grade (poorly differentiated, P   =   0.013) and distant @entity3 (P   =   0.001) were correlated with expression of @entity687 . Moreover, high expression of @entity4155 showed significant association with early stage @entity14 ( @entity5 ) (P   =   0.038). In conclusion, the expression of @entity687 and @entity4155 mRNAs was significantly increased in @entity5 tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. We found that advanced @entity5 stage and histological grade and distant @entity3 were correlated with expression of @entity687 , while high expression of @entity4155 showed significant association with early stage @entity14 ( @entity5 ) stage and overexpression of @entity687 may be associated with progression of @entity14 .

title: Overexpression of interleukins @entity4155 and @entity687 with poor prognosis in @entity14 induces XXXX .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current evidences indicated that a group of soluble mediators called chemokines is involved in @entity5 growth and @entity3 . The association of @entity687 with @entity5 cell migration was previously found, and its expression was related to angiogenesis, @entity5 progression, and @entity3 in many kinds of @entity189 in @entity1 and animal models. Furthermore, it has been showed that @entity4155 plays its role as either a proteome of @entity5 progression or antitumor indifferent @entity5 models. To investigate the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of @entity687 and @entity4155 in @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and non- @entity5 tissue, quantitative real-time PCR was used in the study. Our results showed that expression of @entity687 mRNA was significantly increased in @entity5 tissues (mean        SD 3.84        0.08) compared with adjacent normal mucosa (mean        SD 1.17        0.75, P   =   0.001). Furthermore, a higher expression of @entity4155 mRNA was found in @entity5 tissues (mean        SD 2.73        0.69) when compared with normal tissues (mean        SD 1.06        0.07, P   =   0.001). Our findings indicated that advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stage (P   =   0.024) and histological grade (poorly differentiated, P   =   0.013) and distant @entity3 (P   =   0.001) were correlated with expression of @entity687 . Moreover, high expression of @entity4155 showed significant association with early stage @entity14 ( @entity5 ) (P   =   0.038). In conclusion, the expression of @entity687 and @entity4155 mRNAs was significantly increased in @entity5 tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. We found that advanced @entity5 stage and histological grade and distant @entity3 were correlated with expression of @entity687 , while high expression of @entity4155 showed significant association with early stage @entity14 ( @entity5 ) stage and overexpression of @entity687 may be associated with progression of @entity14 .

title: Overexpression of interleukins @entity4155 and XXXX with poor prognosis in @entity14 induces @entity3 .

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['IL-8']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current evidences indicated that a group of soluble mediators called chemokines is involved in @entity5 growth and @entity3 . The association of @entity687 with @entity5 cell migration was previously found, and its expression was related to angiogenesis, @entity5 progression, and @entity3 in many kinds of @entity189 in @entity1 and animal models. Furthermore, it has been showed that @entity4155 plays its role as either a proteome of @entity5 progression or antitumor indifferent @entity5 models. To investigate the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of @entity687 and @entity4155 in @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and non- @entity5 tissue, quantitative real-time PCR was used in the study. Our results showed that expression of @entity687 mRNA was significantly increased in @entity5 tissues (mean        SD 3.84        0.08) compared with adjacent normal mucosa (mean        SD 1.17        0.75, P   =   0.001). Furthermore, a higher expression of @entity4155 mRNA was found in @entity5 tissues (mean        SD 2.73        0.69) when compared with normal tissues (mean        SD 1.06        0.07, P   =   0.001). Our findings indicated that advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stage (P   =   0.024) and histological grade (poorly differentiated, P   =   0.013) and distant @entity3 (P   =   0.001) were correlated with expression of @entity687 . Moreover, high expression of @entity4155 showed significant association with early stage @entity14 ( @entity5 ) (P   =   0.038). In conclusion, the expression of @entity687 and @entity4155 mRNAs was significantly increased in @entity5 tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. We found that advanced @entity5 stage and histological grade and distant @entity3 were correlated with expression of @entity687 , while high expression of @entity4155 showed significant association with early stage @entity14 ( @entity5 ) stage and overexpression of @entity687 may be associated with progression of @entity14 .

title: Overexpression of interleukins XXXX and @entity687 with poor prognosis in @entity14 induces @entity3 .

answer: @entity4155 :: (3605,Gene) :: ['IL-17']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the surgical trends and utilization of treatment for mixed @entity322 among female Medicare beneficiaries. METHODS: Data was obtained from a 5% national random sample of outpatient and carrier claims from 2000 to 2011. Included were female @entity1 65 and older, diagnosed with mixed @entity322 , who underwent surgical treatment identified by Current Procedural Terminology, Fourth Edition ( @entity1191 -4) codes. Urodynamics (UDS) before initial and secondary procedure were also identified using CPT-4 codes. Procedural trends and utilization of UDS were analyzed. RESULTS: Utilization of UDS increased during the study period, from 38.4% to 74.0% prior to initial surgical intervention, and from 28.6% to 62.5% preceding re-intervention. Sling surgery (63.0%) and injectable bulking agents (28.0%) were the most common surgical treatments adopted, followed by sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) (4.8%) and Burch (4.0%) procedures. Re-intervention was performed in 4.0% of @entity1 initially treated with sling procedures and 21.3% of @entity1 treated with bulking agents, the majority of whom (51.7% and 76.3%, respectively) underwent injection of a bulking agent. Risk of re-intervention was not different among those who did or did not receive urodynamic tests prior to the initial procedure (8.5% vs. 9.3%) CONCLUSIONS: Sling and bulk agents are the most common treatment for MUI. Preoperative urodynamic testing was not related to risk of re-intervention following surgery for mixed @entity322 in this cohort. Neurourol. Urodynam.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Trends in surgical management and pre-operative urodynamics in female medicare beneficiaries with mixed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: Urachal @entity150 is a rare @entity5 . Its histological phenotype is similar to that of primary bladder and @entity14 . The aim of this study was to explore the expression and prognostic relevance of 6 select protein markers of @entity150 , including @entity876 , Ki67, @entity16104 , @entity7597 , @entity21526 and @entity1917 , which were formerly shown to be prognostic in @entity189 and @entity14 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and followup data were obtained on a total of 26  @entity1 with @entity150 treated at 2 university hospitals. Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity876 , Ki67, @entity16104 , @entity7597 , @entity21526 and @entity1917 expression was performed in samples from 15 @entity1 . Clinicopathological parameters and immunohistochemical results were tested for prognostic value on univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: Followup was 50 months. Five-year overall and progression-free survival was 46% and 32%, respectively. On multivariable analysis a positive resection margin was an independent predictor of poor overall survival (p  =  0.025). @entity16104 (p = 0.0431), @entity21526 (p = 0.0052), Ki67 (p = 0.0006) and @entity876 (p = 0.0024) expression rates were significantly increased in @entity150 cells compared to normal urothelium. @entity21526 was elevated in Sheldon @entity5 stage IIIA compared to IIIB or greater (p = 0.0048). None of the analyzed protein markers was associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS: The independent prognostic value of a positive resection margin underlines the importance of complete surgical removal of @entity150 combined with en bloc resection of the median umbilical ligament and umbilicus. Our results in a limited number of samples show that Ki67, @entity876 , @entity16104 and @entity21526 expression is enhanced but has no prognostic significance in @entity150 .

title: XXXX of the Bladder: Impact of Clinical and Immunohistochemical Parameters on Prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urachal carcinoma of the bladder', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Urachal Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibodies (panitumumab [P] and cetuximab [C]) are approved and effective only in @entity984 wild-type @entity1 with advanced @entity14 . The purpose of our meta-analysis is to evaluate the real effects of C and P in @entity984 wild-type @entity1 treated in randomized trials. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible studies included prospective, randomized, and controlled trials in which either C or P had been added to standard antineoplastic therapy or best supportive care and data for @entity984 wild-type @entity1 only had been calculated. Six thousand three hundred ninety-five @entity1 ' @entity5 samples have been analyzed (total wild-type n = 3,254; experimental arm n = 1,608; control arm n = 1,646). Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for response rate were calculated, as well as hazard ratios (HRs)for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. RESULTS: The overall RR of response rate is 1.69 (p = 0.003) in all trials. The overall HRs for PFS and survival are 0.65 (p = 0.0006) and 0.84 (p = 0.03), respectively, and both are significant. The HRs for PFS and survival in C trials are 0.64 and 0.79, respectively, and 0.65 and 0.87, respectively, in P trials, although only the results achieved in P trials are significant (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.03). Both response rate (RR = 10.94) and PFS (HR = 0.51) have increased more in pretreated @entity1 than in first-line trials. CONCLUSION: The addition of anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibodies to standard anticancer therapy in @entity984 wild-type @entity14 showed an overall significantly increased risk of objective response rate and increased progression-free and overall survival. Only the results achieved in P randomized trials are significant, and the strongest results have been achieved in pretreated @entity1 .

title: Cetuximab and panitumumab in XXXX wild-type @entity14 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibodies (panitumumab [P] and cetuximab [C]) are approved and effective only in @entity984 wild-type @entity1 with advanced @entity14 . The purpose of our meta-analysis is to evaluate the real effects of C and P in @entity984 wild-type @entity1 treated in randomized trials. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible studies included prospective, randomized, and controlled trials in which either C or P had been added to standard antineoplastic therapy or best supportive care and data for @entity984 wild-type @entity1 only had been calculated. Six thousand three hundred ninety-five @entity1 ' @entity5 samples have been analyzed (total wild-type n = 3,254; experimental arm n = 1,608; control arm n = 1,646). Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for response rate were calculated, as well as hazard ratios (HRs)for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. RESULTS: The overall RR of response rate is 1.69 (p = 0.003) in all trials. The overall HRs for PFS and survival are 0.65 (p = 0.0006) and 0.84 (p = 0.03), respectively, and both are significant. The HRs for PFS and survival in C trials are 0.64 and 0.79, respectively, and 0.65 and 0.87, respectively, in P trials, although only the results achieved in P trials are significant (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.03). Both response rate (RR = 10.94) and PFS (HR = 0.51) have increased more in pretreated @entity1 than in first-line trials. CONCLUSION: The addition of anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibodies to standard anticancer therapy in @entity984 wild-type @entity14 showed an overall significantly increased risk of objective response rate and increased progression-free and overall survival. Only the results achieved in P randomized trials are significant, and the strongest results have been achieved in pretreated @entity1 .

title: Cetuximab and panitumumab in @entity984 wild-type XXXX : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Diagnosing and operating pediatric @entity1 with @entity1504 posed a greater diagnostic challenge for physicians during the early twentieth century. At the time, an @entity1313 was indistinctively diagnosed as a @entity11 , encompassing a broad category of @entity1313 pathologies. The treatment and surgical interventions followed for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity11 is not well-described in the literature from this time. METHODS: Following IRB approval, and through the courtesy of the Alan Mason Chesney Archives, we reviewed the Johns Hopkins Hospital surgical files from 1896-1912. @entity1 18 years or younger, who underwent surgical intervention by @entity699 for suspected @entity5 , were selected. RESULTS: Of the eight pediatric cases diagnosed with @entity11 by @entity699 , four cases were later diagnosed as @entity2946 by Dr. @entity699 in 1925. Of the remaining four pediatric cases, one was diagnosed as a @entity11 and another as a @entity67 . We describe the remaining two cases. CONCLUSION: These examples illustrate @entity699 's approach to treating @entity1313 diagnosed as @entity11 in pediatric @entity1 , focusing on an initial decompression and followed by a thorough surgical exploration for @entity5 . Furthermore, these cases demonstrate @entity699 's early attempts to manage such lesions in @entity1 and highlight the challenges faced in diagnosing and localizing @entity1504 within this group of @entity1 .

title: Harvey XXXX 's early experience with @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'intracranial neoplasm', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumors']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem glioma', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular glioma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing']


abstract: PURPOSE: Diagnosing and operating pediatric @entity1 with @entity1504 posed a greater diagnostic challenge for physicians during the early twentieth century. At the time, an @entity1313 was indistinctively diagnosed as a @entity11 , encompassing a broad category of @entity1313 pathologies. The treatment and surgical interventions followed for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity11 is not well-described in the literature from this time. METHODS: Following IRB approval, and through the courtesy of the Alan Mason Chesney Archives, we reviewed the Johns Hopkins Hospital surgical files from 1896-1912. @entity1 18 years or younger, who underwent surgical intervention by @entity699 for suspected @entity5 , were selected. RESULTS: Of the eight pediatric cases diagnosed with @entity11 by @entity699 , four cases were later diagnosed as @entity2946 by Dr. @entity699 in 1925. Of the remaining four pediatric cases, one was diagnosed as a @entity11 and another as a @entity67 . We describe the remaining two cases. CONCLUSION: These examples illustrate @entity699 's approach to treating @entity1313 diagnosed as @entity11 in pediatric @entity1 , focusing on an initial decompression and followed by a thorough surgical exploration for @entity5 . Furthermore, these cases demonstrate @entity699 's early attempts to manage such lesions in @entity1 and highlight the challenges faced in diagnosing and localizing @entity1504 within this group of @entity1 .

title: Harvey @entity699 's early experience with XXXX .

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['pediatric gliomas']


abstract: Central @entity9 (CNP) after @entity64 has not been studied in sufficient detail and published studies have only included @entity1 with cerebral artery infarct or @entity548 . This study evaluates the prevalence and factors associated with CNP after @entity50 ( @entity19312 ). This observational study included all @entity1 admitted to our @entity64 unit for @entity19312 between January 2002 and December 2007. Clinical data for each @entity1 were collected prospectively and were combined with retrospective review of neuroradiological imaging. @entity19312 @entity1 were systematically examined at the outpatient clinic at 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter, and information on long-term functional outcome, including the presence of CNP, were obtained by open-ended questions. A standardized CNP assessment was performed during the last outpatient visit and was based on the @entity1 's interview and clinical examination. @entity158 characteristics were assessed by the DN4-questionnaire. CNP was considered when the @entity1 met the following criteria: painful area within the area of sensory abnormalities and follow-up MRI showing brain parenchymal lesion. Among the 43 @entity1 admitted for @entity19312 , seven (16%) developed CNP during the first year of follow-up. Standardized CNP assessment was performed 24.9    11.6 months after @entity19312 : eight @entity1 (19%) suffered from CNP. @entity51 (87 vs. 17%, p < 0.001), @entity51 (62 vs. 20%, p = 0.03), @entity385 (75 vs. 23%, p = 0.009), right-sided lesion on initial MRI (62 vs. 17%, p = 0.017), thalamic (37 vs. 0%, p = 0.005) and basal ganglia involvement (25 vs. 0%, p = 0.03) and vein of @entity432 (25 vs. 0%) were significantly associated with CNP. Despite several methodological limitations, CNP after @entity19312 seems to be frequent, accounting for one-fifth of all cases of @entity19312 . Some clinical and radiological factors might contribute to the development of CNP.

title: Central XXXX after cerebral venous thrombosis is not so uncommon: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Initial motor deficit', 'initial sensory deficit']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Galen occlusion']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous (and sinus) thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ) is caused by a germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes and is a @entity74 , responsible for 2-5% of all @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cases. Mutation carriers have a 60-85% risk of developing @entity14 . With the increasing use of genetic predisposition testing, @entity1 and health care providers must decide on @entity5 risk-reduction strategies. The @entity5 observed in families with @entity4309 are diagnosed at an unusually early age and may be multiple. The decision about which surgery is suitable should be made on the basis of @entity1 factors and preferences, with special emphasis on age, comorbidity, sphincteric function, and the ability of the @entity1 to cope with intensive surveillance. Colectomy decreases the risk of second @entity14 significantly. The estimated lifetime risk for @entity1204 is 40-60% in @entity1 with @entity4309 , and the mean age at diagnosis is around 50 years. This risk equals or exceeds the risk of @entity14 . The optimal management of the elevated risk for @entity5 in carriers of mutations for @entity14 is unclear. @entity1 who are gene mutation carriers should receive counseling about colectomy, and if @entity1 , prophylactic hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy.

title: Prophylactic surgery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dominantly inherited syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: The objective was to investigate corneal re-epithelialisation of surface-modified polymethacrylate hydrogel implants in order to evaluate them as potential materials for an artificial @entity267 . @entity17085 hydrogels were modified with @entity4478 and then coated with different extracellular matrix proteins (collagen I, IV, laminin and fibronectin). The modified hydrogels were surgically implanted into @entity291 corneas maintained in a 3-D culture system for 5 days. The epithelial growth across the implant surface was evaluated using fluorescent, light and electron microscopy. Full epithelialisation was achieved on @entity7224 -modified hydrogels after coating with collagen IV. Hydrogels modified with @entity7224 but without further coating only showed partial re-epithelialisation. Hydrogels modified with other @entity4478 ( @entity9373 or @entity7225 ) showed only partial re-epithelialisation; further coating with extracellular matrix proteins improved epithelialisation of these surfaces but did not result in complete re-epithelialisation. Evaluation of the corneas implanted with the @entity7224 -modified hydrogels coated with collagen IV showed that the artificial corneas remain clear, integrate well and become covered by a healthy stratified epithelium. In conclusion the @entity7224 surface-modified hydrogel coated with collagen IV supported the growth of a stable stratified epithelium. With further refinement this hydrogel has the potential to be used clinically for an artificial @entity267 .

title: Corneal epithelialisation on surface-modified hydrogel implants: artificial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9373 :: ('MESH:C031234', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-diaminoethane']

entities_list: @entity17085 :: ('MESH:C030613', 'Chemical') :: ['Polymethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity7225 :: ('MESH:C009475', 'Chemical') :: ['1,3-diaminopropane']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['1,4-diaminobutane']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: Exciton model for description of experimentally determined excitation energy transfer from carotenoids to @entity38 in the LHC-II trimer of @entity2772 is presented. Such an approach allows connecting the excitonic states to the spatial structure of the complex and hence descriptions of advancements of the initially created excitations in space and time. Carotenoids were excited at 490  nm and at 500  nm and induced absorbance changes probed in the Chl Q(y) region to provide kinetic data that were interpreted by using the results from exciton calculations. Calculations included the 42 @entity38 and the 12 carotenoids of the complex, Soret, Q(x) and Q(y) states of the @entity38 , and the main absorbing S(2) state of the carotenoids. According to the calculations excitation at 500  nm populates mostly a mixed Lut S(2) Chl a Soret state, from where excitation is transferred to the Q(x) and Q(y) states of the Chl a's on the stromal side. Internal conversion of the mixed state to a mixed Lut S(1) and Chl a Q(y) state provides a channel for Lut S(1) to Chl a Q(y) energy transfer. The results from the calculations support a picture where excitation at 490  nm populates primarily a mixed @entity51092 S(2) Chl b Soret state. From this state excitation from @entity51092 is transferred to iso-energetic Chl b Soret states or via internal conversion to S(1) Chl b Q(y) states. From the Soret states excitation proceeds via internal conversion to Q(y) states of Chl b's mostly on the lumenal side. A rapid Chl b to Chl a transfer and subsequent transfer to the stromal side Chl a's and to the final state completes the process after 490  nm excitation. The interpretation is further supported by the fact that excitation energy transfer kinetics after excitation of @entity51092 at 490  nm and the Chl b Q(y) band at 647  nm (Linnanto et al., Photosynth Res 87:267-279, 2006) are very similar.

title: Excitation energy transfer in the LHC-II trimer: from carotenoids to XXXX in space and time.

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophylls']

entities_list: @entity51092 :: ('MESH:C011947', 'Chemical') :: ['neoxanthin']

answer: @entity38 :: (MESH:D002734,Chemical) :: ['chlorophylls']


abstract: The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a major source of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) under pathological conditions including @entity741 and reperfusion. Limitation of electron transport by the inhibitor @entity3788 immediately before @entity63 decreases the production of ROS in cardiac myocytes and reduces damage to mitochondria. We asked if ROS generation by intact mitochondria during the oxidation of complex I substrates ( @entity2227 , @entity2388 / @entity5910 ) occurred from complex I or III. ROS production by mitochondria of @entity35 hearts and corresponding submitochondrial particles was studied. ROS were measured as @entity274 using the amplex red assay. In mitochondria oxidizing complex I substrates, @entity3788 inhibition did not increase @entity274 . Oxidation of complex I or II substrates in the presence of @entity8581 markedly increased @entity274 . @entity3788 prevented @entity8581 -induced @entity274 production in mitochondria with complex I substrates but not with complex II substrates. @entity12609 scavenged @entity274 . In contrast to intact mitochondria, blockade of complex I with @entity3788 markedly increased @entity274 production from submitochondrial particles oxidizing the complex I substrate @entity2125 . ROS are produced from complex I by the @entity2125 dehydrogenase located in the matrix side of the inner membrane and are dissipated in mitochondria by matrix antioxidant defense. However, in submitochondrial particles devoid of antioxidant defense ROS from complex I are available for detection. In mitochondria, complex III is the principal site for ROS generation during the oxidation of complex I substrates, and @entity3788 protects by limiting electron flow into complex III.

title: Production of reactive XXXX species by mitochondria: central role of complex III.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone', 'Rotenone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8581 :: ('MESH:D000968', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin A']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rat']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: Few studies have assessed physical and psychological status in long-term survivors of childhood solid @entity5 in Japan. For @entity1 with such diseases diagnosed and treated in our hospital, our purpose was to clarify the physical and psychological status of long-term survivors and their parents. METHODS: Subjects were 56 @entity1 who were diagnosed at our institution as having a childhood malignant solid @entity5 between 1982 and 2005 and had been alive for at least 5 years after treatment. Surveys were sent and returned by mail. RESULTS: Of the 56 @entity1 surveyed, 32 responded. The current health condition and psychosocial status of survivors were evaluated as good by their parents. However, psychological tests revealed @entity2673 in 28.1% of the @entity1 . Severe posttraumatic stress associated with the @entity1 's disease and its treatment was present in 15.6% of the parents. CONCLUSION: Physical status of long-term survivors of childhood malignant solid @entity5 was good in general. However, psychological tests revealed @entity2673 in some of the @entity1 and posttraumatic stress in the parents. Considering the diversity of both the diseases and their clinical course, a qualitative study is warranted for further analysis.

title: Physical and psychological outcome in long-term survivors of childhood malignant solid XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial problems']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Prior to the era of disease-modifying therapies ( @entity15093 ), @entity15 ( @entity15 ) was linked to reduced rates of @entity5 . Early use of immunosuppressors (IS) in @entity15 justifies the follow-up of @entity1 to evaluate a possible increase in the incidence of @entity5 in these @entity1 . We performed a descriptive study of @entity15 @entity1 with a documented oncological event. Among the 22,563 @entity15 @entity1 in the EDMUS databases, @entity1 with a history of @entity5 were identified, and @entity5 risk in a @entity15 cohort (CARIMS) was evaluated. Four groups were defined: (A) @entity15 @entity1 without @entity5 receiving @entity15093 or not, (B) @entity15 @entity1 with @entity5 but without any history of @entity15093 , (C) @entity15 @entity1 with @entity5 who received an immunomodulator (IM), and/or (D) @entity15 @entity1 treated with an IS. A total of 9,269 @entity1 (44.1%) had a history of @entity15093 (52% IM; 18% IS; 30% both); 253 @entity1 with @entity15 and @entity5 were identified, 182 had a history of @entity15093 . The mean duration of @entity15093 was longer for group D (A: 3.6 years vs. D: 4.9 years; P < 0.01). There was no increased risk of @entity5 among @entity1 treated exclusively with IM. IS treatment (P = 0.043) and the duration of exposure (P < 0.001) significantly increased the risk of @entity5 , especially @entity1489 , as observed in other @entity792 . This result could influence the attitude of the medical profession with respect to the benefit to risk ratio when proposing @entity15093 to @entity15 @entity1 .

title: @entity5 and XXXX in the era of disease-modifying treatments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Prior to the era of disease-modifying therapies ( @entity15093 ), @entity15 ( @entity15 ) was linked to reduced rates of @entity5 . Early use of immunosuppressors (IS) in @entity15 justifies the follow-up of @entity1 to evaluate a possible increase in the incidence of @entity5 in these @entity1 . We performed a descriptive study of @entity15 @entity1 with a documented oncological event. Among the 22,563 @entity15 @entity1 in the EDMUS databases, @entity1 with a history of @entity5 were identified, and @entity5 risk in a @entity15 cohort (CARIMS) was evaluated. Four groups were defined: (A) @entity15 @entity1 without @entity5 receiving @entity15093 or not, (B) @entity15 @entity1 with @entity5 but without any history of @entity15093 , (C) @entity15 @entity1 with @entity5 who received an immunomodulator (IM), and/or (D) @entity15 @entity1 treated with an IS. A total of 9,269 @entity1 (44.1%) had a history of @entity15093 (52% IM; 18% IS; 30% both); 253 @entity1 with @entity15 and @entity5 were identified, 182 had a history of @entity15093 . The mean duration of @entity15093 was longer for group D (A: 3.6 years vs. D: 4.9 years; P < 0.01). There was no increased risk of @entity5 among @entity1 treated exclusively with IM. IS treatment (P = 0.043) and the duration of exposure (P < 0.001) significantly increased the risk of @entity5 , especially @entity1489 , as observed in other @entity792 . This result could influence the attitude of the medical profession with respect to the benefit to risk ratio when proposing @entity15093 to @entity15 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity15 in the era of disease-modifying treatments.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although stent placement is increasingly performed, colostomy still is considered the gold standard for emergent relief of malignant @entity694 (MCO). This study aimed to compare hospital costs and clinical outcomes between @entity1 undergoing colostomy and those undergoing stenting for the management of MCO. METHODS: A retrospective claims analysis of the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) data set was conducted to identify inpatient hospitalizations for colostomy or stent placement for the treatment of @entity694 (2007-2008). The outcomes evaluated using MedPAR compared the total length of hospital stay (LOS) and the costs associated with both techniques. Because MedPAR is a claims data set that does not provide outcomes at a @entity1 level, a single-institution retrospective case-control study was conducted in which each stent placement @entity1 was matched with two colostomy @entity1 during the same period. Outcome measures (institutional data) were used to compare rates of treatment success, postprocedure LOS, and reinterventions between the two cohorts. RESULTS: The MedPAR data evaluated 778 stent placements and 5,868 colostomy hospitalizations. There were no differences in gender, age distribution, or comorbidity between the two groups. Compared with colostomy, the median LOS (8 vs. 12 days; p<0.0001) and the median cost ( 15,071 vs.  24,695; p<0.001) per claim were significantly less for stent placement. Stent placement was more commonly performed at urban versus rural hospitals (84% vs. 16%; p<0.0001), teaching versus nonteaching hospitals (56% vs. 44%; p=0.0058) and larger versus smaller institutions (mean bed capacity, 331 vs. 227; p<0.0001). The institution data included 12 @entity1 who underwent stent placement and 24 who underwent colostomy. Although both methods were technically successful, the median postprocedure LOS (2.17 vs. 10.58 days; p=0.0004) and the rate of readmissions for complications (0% vs. 25%; p=0.01) were significantly lower for stent placement. CONCLUSION: Although the technical and clinical outcomes for colostomy and stent placement appear comparable, stent placement is less costly and associated with shorter LOS and fewer complications. Dissemination of stent placement beyond large teaching hospitals located in urban areas as a treatment for MCO is important given its implications for @entity1 care and resource use.

title: Endoscopic stenting versus surgical colostomy for the management of malignant XXXX : comparison of hospital costs and clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colonic obstruction']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic obstruction']


abstract: The effects of the @entity5 -promoting @entity4621 @entity864 ( @entity865 ) on the morphology and growth properties of @entity19 cells were examined. The morphology of these cells was changed within 30 min following treatment with 0.1 microgram of @entity865 per ml; they became smaller and refractile with long beady processes. Such changes were observed in both logarithmic and confluent cultures and lasted about 72 hr. Subsequent treatments were much less effective in inducing these changes. Scanning electron microscopy showed cell retraction and rounding as the most significant immediate effects of @entity865 treatment; many cells remained partially rounded 48 hr afterwards. Long-term surface modifications ascribable to @entity865 treatment were not detected. @entity865 had only minor effects on the growth of cultured C3H/10T1/2 cells in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum. Slight increases in plating efficiencies and saturation densities were generally observed in the presence of @entity865 but not with the related non- @entity5 -promoting compound @entity10757 . The cells grew slowly in 1% fetal calf serum and demonstrated serum batch-dependent alterations in their growth properties when exposed to @entity865 . Under conditions that produce doubling times of 70 hr or greater, @entity865 , but not @entity10757 , reduced the doubling time to about 50 hr. Saturation densities were also increased by @entity865 in 1% fetal calf serum. The effects of @entity865 on the growth of an oncogenically transformed variant of C3H/10T1/2 were quite different. While minimal effects of @entity865 were observed quite different. While minimal effects of @entity865 were observed when transformed cells were treated in the presence of 10% total calf serum, @entity865 treatment in 1% fetal calf serum significantly inhibited cell growth.

title: Effect of XXXX on the morphology and growth of C3H/10T1/2 @entity19 embryo cells.

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity864 :: (MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']


abstract: The effects of the @entity5 -promoting @entity4621 @entity864 ( @entity865 ) on the morphology and growth properties of @entity19 cells were examined. The morphology of these cells was changed within 30 min following treatment with 0.1 microgram of @entity865 per ml; they became smaller and refractile with long beady processes. Such changes were observed in both logarithmic and confluent cultures and lasted about 72 hr. Subsequent treatments were much less effective in inducing these changes. Scanning electron microscopy showed cell retraction and rounding as the most significant immediate effects of @entity865 treatment; many cells remained partially rounded 48 hr afterwards. Long-term surface modifications ascribable to @entity865 treatment were not detected. @entity865 had only minor effects on the growth of cultured C3H/10T1/2 cells in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum. Slight increases in plating efficiencies and saturation densities were generally observed in the presence of @entity865 but not with the related non- @entity5 -promoting compound @entity10757 . The cells grew slowly in 1% fetal calf serum and demonstrated serum batch-dependent alterations in their growth properties when exposed to @entity865 . Under conditions that produce doubling times of 70 hr or greater, @entity865 , but not @entity10757 , reduced the doubling time to about 50 hr. Saturation densities were also increased by @entity865 in 1% fetal calf serum. The effects of @entity865 on the growth of an oncogenically transformed variant of C3H/10T1/2 were quite different. While minimal effects of @entity865 were observed quite different. While minimal effects of @entity865 were observed when transformed cells were treated in the presence of 10% total calf serum, @entity865 treatment in 1% fetal calf serum significantly inhibited cell growth.

title: Effect of @entity864 on the morphology and growth of C3H/10T1/2 XXXX embryo cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: For many years there was doubt if gamma-irradiated @entity2634 materials could be sterilized with @entity11540 . It was feared that toxic concentrations of @entity37771 ( @entity37771 ) might originate with this procedure. We investigated the various possibilities of @entity37771 formation. Gamma-irradiated @entity2634 tubes were resterilized with @entity11540 and the @entity37771 concentrations determined by gas chromatography. The @entity37771 concentrations at the end of sterilization ranged from 240 to 436 ppm depending upon the composition of the tubes. After 4 d they ranged from < 5 to 280 ppm and after 21 d from < 5 to 218 ppm. For comparison were examined @entity2634 tubes which were not gamma-irradiated but @entity11540 sterilized only. We extracted < 5 to 23 ppm @entity37771 from them. @entity2634 tubes gas sterilized only and retaining 44 to 9300 ppm @entity11540 were submerged in physiological @entity1219 solution for 2 h. The @entity37771 concentrations formed by this procedure ranged from 43 to 75 ppm. After 4 d aeration before begin of extraction they decreased to < 5, 10 and 16 ppm. @entity2634 tubes aerated for 5 or 7 d, containing at least 236 ppm @entity37771 did not demonstrate any effect upon cultures of @entity1 fibroblasts. The toxic concentrations of @entity37771 in our own animal- and cell culture experiments were 12 000 ppm or higher. Other investigators found no damaging effect on @entity19 fibroblasts by adding 20 000 ppm @entity37771 . It appears to be sufficiently proven that gamma-irradiated @entity2634 items may be resterilized with @entity11540 and used in @entity1 provided they they have been adequately aerated.

title: [Gamma-rays and XXXX sterilization (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity37771 :: ('MESH:D005023', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chlorethanol', 'ethylene chlorohydrin']

answer: @entity11540 :: (MESH:D005027,Chemical) :: ['ethylene oxide']


abstract: The extensive bilateral craniectomy with opening of the dura offers the possibility of rapid reduction of intracranial pressure. The reactive @entity2657 with imminent or beginning decompensation indicates the need for operation. Technically, it is easy to carry out bilateral cranial decompression. The open dura results in no additional postoperative problem. 21 of our 30 @entity1 died postoperatively within 8.6 days, 2 @entity1 in state of @entity751 after 4 and 16 months. 2 @entity1 are living now with @entity751 for 17 and 20 months. All apallic @entity1 show a massive @entity1276 internus. 5 @entity1 demonstrate a full restitution. In this group there is an interval of 3.2 days between accident and operation, the duration of the postoperative unconsciousness was 9.4 days. In @entity1 a spontaneous ossification of the @entity79 may be expected if the periost is conserved. The article compares the bilateral craniectomy with other conservative and operative methods of treatment.

title: [Bilateral craniectomy in the treatment of severe traumatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['apallic syndrome']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['brain edema']


abstract: To explore the importance of equol on health outcomes in future studies, it was necessary to develop a method to reduce equol production. Female monkeys (n = 22) fed a soy diet were treated twice daily with vehicle (control; n = 4), @entity3403 (2.5 mg/kg; n = 4), @entity868 (125 mg/d; n = 3), @entity7913 (1000 mg/d; n = 4), @entity2176 (100 mg/d; n = 3) or @entity7913 + @entity2176 (n = 4). Plasma samples were collected 4 h postfeeding at baseline, after 4 wk of treatment and 8 wk after the end of treatment and analyzed for @entity24826 concentrations. Fecal swabs were collected at baseline and at the end of antibiotic treatment for analysis of Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacterial growth. Equol concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) compared with baseline by 80, 93, 98 and 99% after treatment with @entity868 (955 +/- 164 vs. 193 +/- 53 nmol/L), @entity7913 (545 +/- 211 vs. 37.1 +/- 17.6 nmol/L), @entity2176 (607 +/- 163 vs. 8.9 +/- 8.2 nmol/L) and @entity7913 + @entity2176 (721 +/- 169 vs. 17.4 +/- 17.3 nmol/L), respectively. @entity8139 concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) compared with baseline by treatment with @entity3403 (336 +/- 87 vs. 576 +/- 76 nmol/L), @entity7913 (168 +/- 67 vs. 374 +/- 15 nmol/L), and @entity7913 + @entity2176 (166 +/- 35 vs. 384 +/- 78 nmol/L). Similar increases (P < 0.05) in @entity25208 were observed after treatment with @entity7913 (31.2 +/- 6.2 vs. 479 +/- 188 nmol/L) and @entity868 (56.0 +/- 27.9 vs. 414 +/- 212 nmol/L). @entity24826 concentrations returned to baseline values after antibiotic treatment was terminated. Gram(+) bacterial growth was reduced by all treatments, including Control, compared with baseline. In conclusion, treatment with antibiotics resulted in a marked reduction in plasma equol concentrations and altered plasma @entity24826 patterns in @entity5434 .

title: Treatment with antibiotics reduces plasma equol concentration in XXXX ( @entity5434 ).

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['Daidzein']

entities_list: @entity24826 :: ('CHEBI:50753', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavonoid', 'Isoflavonoid']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity25208 :: ('MESH:C433163', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrodaidzein']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: To explore the importance of equol on health outcomes in future studies, it was necessary to develop a method to reduce equol production. Female monkeys (n = 22) fed a soy diet were treated twice daily with vehicle (control; n = 4), @entity3403 (2.5 mg/kg; n = 4), @entity868 (125 mg/d; n = 3), @entity7913 (1000 mg/d; n = 4), @entity2176 (100 mg/d; n = 3) or @entity7913 + @entity2176 (n = 4). Plasma samples were collected 4 h postfeeding at baseline, after 4 wk of treatment and 8 wk after the end of treatment and analyzed for @entity24826 concentrations. Fecal swabs were collected at baseline and at the end of antibiotic treatment for analysis of Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacterial growth. Equol concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) compared with baseline by 80, 93, 98 and 99% after treatment with @entity868 (955 +/- 164 vs. 193 +/- 53 nmol/L), @entity7913 (545 +/- 211 vs. 37.1 +/- 17.6 nmol/L), @entity2176 (607 +/- 163 vs. 8.9 +/- 8.2 nmol/L) and @entity7913 + @entity2176 (721 +/- 169 vs. 17.4 +/- 17.3 nmol/L), respectively. @entity8139 concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) compared with baseline by treatment with @entity3403 (336 +/- 87 vs. 576 +/- 76 nmol/L), @entity7913 (168 +/- 67 vs. 374 +/- 15 nmol/L), and @entity7913 + @entity2176 (166 +/- 35 vs. 384 +/- 78 nmol/L). Similar increases (P < 0.05) in @entity25208 were observed after treatment with @entity7913 (31.2 +/- 6.2 vs. 479 +/- 188 nmol/L) and @entity868 (56.0 +/- 27.9 vs. 414 +/- 212 nmol/L). @entity24826 concentrations returned to baseline values after antibiotic treatment was terminated. Gram(+) bacterial growth was reduced by all treatments, including Control, compared with baseline. In conclusion, treatment with antibiotics resulted in a marked reduction in plasma equol concentrations and altered plasma @entity24826 patterns in @entity5434 .

title: Treatment with antibiotics reduces plasma equol concentration in @entity5434 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['Macaca fascicularis']


abstract: The detailed characteristics of the carotid sinus reflex control of regional pressure-flow relations were compared in @entity235 anesthetized with @entity4486 , @entity4485 , or @entity1508 . The carotid sinuses were isolated and perfused under conditions of controlled pulsatile pressure. Pressure and flow were measured in the ascending aorta and the celiac, mesenteric, renal, and iliac artery. Mean arterial pressure and peripheral resistance were highest under @entity4486 and lowest under @entity1508 . For cardiac output this relation was reversed. Set point values of reflex gain and overall range of control were similar under @entity4486 and @entity1508 and lowest under @entity4485 . These results were found both before and after bilateral cervical vagotomy. Operating point values of regional resistance were generally largest with @entity4486 and smallest with @entity1508 . Operating point sensitivities of regional resistances were generally smallest under @entity4485 and similar under @entity4486 and @entity1508 . Vagotomy was associated with increases in set point values of mean arterial pressure, set point gain, and overall range of control under all three anesthetics. With @entity4486 as a reference, @entity1508 does not depress cardiovascular reflex mechanisms. Carotid sinus reflexes under @entity1508 were as sensitive and well maintained as they were under @entity4486 . These reflexes were significantly depressed under @entity4485 compared with @entity4486 .

title: Effects of anesthesia on carotid sinus reflex control of arterial hemodynamics in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: @entity1002 and increased circumferential LV strain have been demonstrated in @entity1 with severe @entity472 ( @entity472 ) and normal @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). Biplane myocardial mechanics normalize after aortic valve replacement (AVR). This study objective was to examine LV mechanics before and soon after AVR in @entity1 with @entity472 and LV @entity299 . Paired echocardiographic studies before and soon (7    3 days) after AVR were analyzed in 64 @entity1 with severe @entity472 : 32 with normal @entity1002 (>=  50%), 16 with mild to moderate @entity1002 ( @entity1002 <36% to 50%), and 16 with severe @entity1002 ( @entity1002  <= 35%). @entity296 was assessed from 3 apical views (average of 18 segments) and circumferential function was assessed at mid-LV and apical levels (average of 6 segments per view). Strain, strain rate, and mid-LV and apical rotations were measured using 2-dimensional velocity vector imaging. Before AVR (1) longitudinal strain was low in all @entity1 and correlated with @entity1002 (   = 0.74, p <0.001), (2) mid-LV circumferential strain was supranormal in @entity1 with normal @entity1002 and low in @entity1 with low @entity1002 (   = 0.88, p <0.001), and (3) @entity717 was highest in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity1002 . After AVR, @entity1002 increased in @entity1 with @entity1002 and myocardial mechanics partly normalized. In conclusion, compensatory mechanisms (high circumferential strain in @entity1 with preserved @entity1002 and increased @entity717 in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity1002 ) were observed in @entity1 with severe @entity472 . Compensatory mechanics were lost in @entity1 with severe @entity1002 . AVR partly reversed these changes in @entity1 with @entity1002 .

title: Relation of myocardial mechanics in severe XXXX to left ventricular ejection fraction and response to aortic valve replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Longitudinal myocardial function']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['apical rotation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVEF', 'Decreased left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain', 'LV dysfunction', 'LV ejection fraction']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: In 2008, the worldwide estimated age-standardised incidence rates for @entity259 incidence were 4.7 and 1.5 per 100,000 @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. @entity259 's overall contribution to the worldwide @entity5 burden is relatively small, but incidence rates have increased over the last three decades throughout the world. This trend has been hypothesised to reflect a combination of technological advances enabling increased detection, but also changes in environmental factors, including population exposure to ionising radiation from fallout, diagnostic tests and treatment for benign and malignant conditions. Studies of the atomic bomb survivors and populations treated with radiotherapy have established radiation as a risk factor for @entity259 , particularly from early life exposure. About 0.62 @entity2073 (20%) of the global annual per caput effective radiation dose comes from diagnostic medical and dental radiation for the period of 1997-2007, increased from 0.4 @entity2073 for the years 1991-1996. This international trend of increasing population exposure to medical diagnostic sources of radiation, attributed in large part to the growing use of computed tomography scans, but also interventional radiology procedures, has raised concerns about exposure to radiosensitive organs such as the thyroid. Worldwide, medical and dental X-rays constitute the most common type of diagnostic medical exposures, but their contribution to the cumulative effective dose is relatively low, whereas computed tomography scans account for 7.9% of diagnostic radiology examinations but 47% of the collective effective dose from diagnostic radiation procedures in parts of the world. Although the radiation exposure from computed tomography scans is substantially lower than that from radiotherapy, multiple computed tomography scans could result in non-trivial cumulative doses to the thyroid. Studies are currently underway to assess the incidence of @entity5 in large cohorts of @entity1 who received computed tomography scans. National and international efforts have been developed to raise awareness and to standardise procedures for use of computed tomography and interventional radiology procedures in paediatric and general populations.

title: Medical exposure to radiation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid cancer', 'thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We recently demonstrated a correlation between the responses in two target areas, bone and lipids, during treatment with hormone replacement therapy. Whether the same association exists during treatment with selective @entity172 receptor modulators (SERMs) has not been examined before. STUDY DESIGN: This was an exploratory, post hoc analysis of data from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. STUDY POPULATION: From both studies we examined only the Danish subpopulation. Study 1 included 133 @entity1 treated with placebo or @entity46018 in four different doses for 12 months, and study 2 included 248 @entity1 treated with @entity441 in three different doses or placebo for 24 months. MEASUREMENTS: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the spine and hip was measured semiannually. Serum lipids and biochemical bone markers were determined at each visit. To eliminate interindividual differences, all values were calculated as individual percentage change from baseline. RESULTS: We found a significant correlation between the increase in @entity79 of the spine and hip and the decrease in total @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that, in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 , the @entity1 with the greatest response in @entity79 were also those with the most favorable response in lipid profile during treatment with SERMs.

title: Associated response in bone mineral density and atherogenic lipid profile during treatment with two different selective XXXX receptor modulators: @entity46018 and @entity441 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity46018 :: ('MESH:C108255', 'Chemical') :: ['levormeloxifene']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We recently demonstrated a correlation between the responses in two target areas, bone and lipids, during treatment with hormone replacement therapy. Whether the same association exists during treatment with selective @entity172 receptor modulators (SERMs) has not been examined before. STUDY DESIGN: This was an exploratory, post hoc analysis of data from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. STUDY POPULATION: From both studies we examined only the Danish subpopulation. Study 1 included 133 @entity1 treated with placebo or @entity46018 in four different doses for 12 months, and study 2 included 248 @entity1 treated with @entity441 in three different doses or placebo for 24 months. MEASUREMENTS: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the spine and hip was measured semiannually. Serum lipids and biochemical bone markers were determined at each visit. To eliminate interindividual differences, all values were calculated as individual percentage change from baseline. RESULTS: We found a significant correlation between the increase in @entity79 of the spine and hip and the decrease in total @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that, in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 , the @entity1 with the greatest response in @entity79 were also those with the most favorable response in lipid profile during treatment with SERMs.

title: Associated response in bone mineral density and atherogenic lipid profile during treatment with two different selective @entity172 receptor modulators: @entity46018 and XXXX .

answer: @entity441 :: (MESH:D020849,Chemical) :: ['raloxifene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We recently demonstrated a correlation between the responses in two target areas, bone and lipids, during treatment with hormone replacement therapy. Whether the same association exists during treatment with selective @entity172 receptor modulators (SERMs) has not been examined before. STUDY DESIGN: This was an exploratory, post hoc analysis of data from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. STUDY POPULATION: From both studies we examined only the Danish subpopulation. Study 1 included 133 @entity1 treated with placebo or @entity46018 in four different doses for 12 months, and study 2 included 248 @entity1 treated with @entity441 in three different doses or placebo for 24 months. MEASUREMENTS: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the spine and hip was measured semiannually. Serum lipids and biochemical bone markers were determined at each visit. To eliminate interindividual differences, all values were calculated as individual percentage change from baseline. RESULTS: We found a significant correlation between the increase in @entity79 of the spine and hip and the decrease in total @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that, in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 , the @entity1 with the greatest response in @entity79 were also those with the most favorable response in lipid profile during treatment with SERMs.

title: Associated response in bone mineral density and atherogenic lipid profile during treatment with two different selective @entity172 receptor modulators: XXXX and @entity441 .

answer: @entity46018 :: (MESH:C108255,Chemical) :: ['levormeloxifene']


abstract: PURPOSE: This paper reports a prospective review of @entity1 who, between 2004 and 2007, underwent secondary patellar resurfacing (SPR) due to anterior knee @entity158 after a primary @entity348 ( @entity348 ). The aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes obtained with the SPR and to compare them with radiological findings. METHODS: A total of twenty-seven consecutive @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. There were twenty-three (85%) @entity1 and four (15%) @entity1 with a median age of 70 years. The @entity1 were evaluated before and after the surgery with the same functional scores and radiological parameters. Bone scintigraphy was also used in the assessment, and a CT-scan was performed in order to evaluate the femoral @entity717 . The median time between @entity348 and SPR was 18 months. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 23 months, seventeen @entity1 (63%) reported a clear subjective improvement after SPR, and patellofemoral scores (primary outcome measure), KSS and WOMAC (secondary outcome measures) showed a statistically significant improvement following the procedure. There were no significant changes after SPR in the Insall-Salvati ratio, the lateral patellar displacement or the lateral patellar tilt. The mean time between @entity348 and SPR had no statistically significant effect on outcome. The bone scintigraphy revealed increased patellar uptake in seven cases, but this was not related to subsequent improvement after SPR. Rotational computed tomography showed a median internal rotation of the femoral component of 1  . The complications observed were a patellar component loosening and an @entity697 . CONCLUSION: No clinical or radiological parameter was found to be related to the final outcome after SPR. There was a discrepancy between functional scale scores and the @entity1 's subjective satisfaction.

title: Secondary patellar resurfacing in the treatment of @entity158 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute post-infection']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['component rotation']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: PURPOSE: This paper reports a prospective review of @entity1 who, between 2004 and 2007, underwent secondary patellar resurfacing (SPR) due to anterior knee @entity158 after a primary @entity348 ( @entity348 ). The aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes obtained with the SPR and to compare them with radiological findings. METHODS: A total of twenty-seven consecutive @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. There were twenty-three (85%) @entity1 and four (15%) @entity1 with a median age of 70 years. The @entity1 were evaluated before and after the surgery with the same functional scores and radiological parameters. Bone scintigraphy was also used in the assessment, and a CT-scan was performed in order to evaluate the femoral @entity717 . The median time between @entity348 and SPR was 18 months. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 23 months, seventeen @entity1 (63%) reported a clear subjective improvement after SPR, and patellofemoral scores (primary outcome measure), KSS and WOMAC (secondary outcome measures) showed a statistically significant improvement following the procedure. There were no significant changes after SPR in the Insall-Salvati ratio, the lateral patellar displacement or the lateral patellar tilt. The mean time between @entity348 and SPR had no statistically significant effect on outcome. The bone scintigraphy revealed increased patellar uptake in seven cases, but this was not related to subsequent improvement after SPR. Rotational computed tomography showed a median internal rotation of the femoral component of 1  . The complications observed were a patellar component loosening and an @entity697 . CONCLUSION: No clinical or radiological parameter was found to be related to the final outcome after SPR. There was a discrepancy between functional scale scores and the @entity1 's subjective satisfaction.

title: Secondary patellar resurfacing in the treatment of XXXX after @entity348 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['patellofemoral pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is an important complication in @entity1 with @entity454 . Since recent studies have shown that @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ) disturbance plays an important role in @entity740 and cardiovascular mortality, the interest on @entity1760 has grown recently. Although much concern focused on the effect of @entity4612 on @entity461 ( @entity461 ) levels, however, the influence of @entity461 on serum @entity4612 levels is nearly unexplored. To evaluate the effect of @entity461 on serum @entity4612 levels, we first described the relationship between serum @entity4612 and @entity461 in @entity3528 . Besides, we also monitored the changes of serum @entity4612 concentration after parathyroidectomy ( @entity4045 ) in 23 @entity1 . In our study, we found that hypermagnesemia (>2.5   @entity4612 /dL) occurred in up to 44% of cases and @entity1272 did not present. No statistically signi   cant correlations were found between serum @entity4612 levels and @entity461 (r   =   -0.143, p   =   0.134). Correlation analysis and regression analysis suggested that the derangement of @entity1760 homeostasis was consistent with the derangement of @entity460 / @entity3151 homeostasis. However, after @entity4045 , serum @entity1760 levels dropped immediately after the surgery, minimally at the first day and gradually restored from the third day. The changes of serum @entity4612 after surgery was positive correlated with the changes of serum @entity4613 (r   =   0.558, p   =   0.003). Taken altogether, our data suggested that the therapeutic strategies to achieve optimum serum @entity1760 levels in @entity740 should take into account the varying stages of disease development since @entity461 could also influence @entity1760 metabolism and this problem might be important in severe @entity3528 .

title: Effect of XXXX on serum @entity1760 levels: the neglected relationship in hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity3528 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD-MBD', 'Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is an important complication in @entity1 with @entity454 . Since recent studies have shown that @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ) disturbance plays an important role in @entity740 and cardiovascular mortality, the interest on @entity1760 has grown recently. Although much concern focused on the effect of @entity4612 on @entity461 ( @entity461 ) levels, however, the influence of @entity461 on serum @entity4612 levels is nearly unexplored. To evaluate the effect of @entity461 on serum @entity4612 levels, we first described the relationship between serum @entity4612 and @entity461 in @entity3528 . Besides, we also monitored the changes of serum @entity4612 concentration after parathyroidectomy ( @entity4045 ) in 23 @entity1 . In our study, we found that hypermagnesemia (>2.5   @entity4612 /dL) occurred in up to 44% of cases and @entity1272 did not present. No statistically signi   cant correlations were found between serum @entity4612 levels and @entity461 (r   =   -0.143, p   =   0.134). Correlation analysis and regression analysis suggested that the derangement of @entity1760 homeostasis was consistent with the derangement of @entity460 / @entity3151 homeostasis. However, after @entity4045 , serum @entity1760 levels dropped immediately after the surgery, minimally at the first day and gradually restored from the third day. The changes of serum @entity4612 after surgery was positive correlated with the changes of serum @entity4613 (r   =   0.558, p   =   0.003). Taken altogether, our data suggested that the therapeutic strategies to achieve optimum serum @entity1760 levels in @entity740 should take into account the varying stages of disease development since @entity461 could also influence @entity1760 metabolism and this problem might be important in severe @entity3528 .

title: Effect of @entity461 on serum @entity1760 levels: the neglected relationship in hemodialysis @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is an important complication in @entity1 with @entity454 . Since recent studies have shown that @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ) disturbance plays an important role in @entity740 and cardiovascular mortality, the interest on @entity1760 has grown recently. Although much concern focused on the effect of @entity4612 on @entity461 ( @entity461 ) levels, however, the influence of @entity461 on serum @entity4612 levels is nearly unexplored. To evaluate the effect of @entity461 on serum @entity4612 levels, we first described the relationship between serum @entity4612 and @entity461 in @entity3528 . Besides, we also monitored the changes of serum @entity4612 concentration after parathyroidectomy ( @entity4045 ) in 23 @entity1 . In our study, we found that hypermagnesemia (>2.5   @entity4612 /dL) occurred in up to 44% of cases and @entity1272 did not present. No statistically signi   cant correlations were found between serum @entity4612 levels and @entity461 (r   =   -0.143, p   =   0.134). Correlation analysis and regression analysis suggested that the derangement of @entity1760 homeostasis was consistent with the derangement of @entity460 / @entity3151 homeostasis. However, after @entity4045 , serum @entity1760 levels dropped immediately after the surgery, minimally at the first day and gradually restored from the third day. The changes of serum @entity4612 after surgery was positive correlated with the changes of serum @entity4613 (r   =   0.558, p   =   0.003). Taken altogether, our data suggested that the therapeutic strategies to achieve optimum serum @entity1760 levels in @entity740 should take into account the varying stages of disease development since @entity461 could also influence @entity1760 metabolism and this problem might be important in severe @entity3528 .

title: Effect of @entity461 on serum XXXX levels: the neglected relationship in hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity3528 .

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is an important complication in @entity1 with @entity454 . Since recent studies have shown that @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ) disturbance plays an important role in @entity740 and cardiovascular mortality, the interest on @entity1760 has grown recently. Although much concern focused on the effect of @entity4612 on @entity461 ( @entity461 ) levels, however, the influence of @entity461 on serum @entity4612 levels is nearly unexplored. To evaluate the effect of @entity461 on serum @entity4612 levels, we first described the relationship between serum @entity4612 and @entity461 in @entity3528 . Besides, we also monitored the changes of serum @entity4612 concentration after parathyroidectomy ( @entity4045 ) in 23 @entity1 . In our study, we found that hypermagnesemia (>2.5   @entity4612 /dL) occurred in up to 44% of cases and @entity1272 did not present. No statistically signi   cant correlations were found between serum @entity4612 levels and @entity461 (r   =   -0.143, p   =   0.134). Correlation analysis and regression analysis suggested that the derangement of @entity1760 homeostasis was consistent with the derangement of @entity460 / @entity3151 homeostasis. However, after @entity4045 , serum @entity1760 levels dropped immediately after the surgery, minimally at the first day and gradually restored from the third day. The changes of serum @entity4612 after surgery was positive correlated with the changes of serum @entity4613 (r   =   0.558, p   =   0.003). Taken altogether, our data suggested that the therapeutic strategies to achieve optimum serum @entity1760 levels in @entity740 should take into account the varying stages of disease development since @entity461 could also influence @entity1760 metabolism and this problem might be important in severe @entity3528 .

title: Effect of @entity461 on serum @entity1760 levels: the neglected relationship in hemodialysis XXXX with @entity3528 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The antihypertensive effect of @entity594 which has a preferential antagonistic action in the @entity460 channels of vascular smooth muscle was studied in several series of @entity1 . A preliminary double-blind placebo study in 7 moderate @entity101 @entity1 showed that a 10 mg capsule of @entity594 induced a significant @entity551 (max. - 14%) which persisted for 3 hours in ambulatory @entity1 . A crossover trial against @entity3371 (1 mg/kg) in 12 moderately @entity101 @entity1 illustrated the antihypertensive effects of 2 capsules (20 mg) of @entity594 . The onset of action was faster and the effects, which were more intense than those of @entity3371 , lasted several hours. A double-blind crossover trial against placebo was performed with 3 doses (20, 40, 60 mg) of a tablet form of @entity594 in 8 @entity101 @entity1 . The degree and duration of the fall in blood pressure depended on the dosage: - 11% and 7 hours with 20 mg; - 14% and 10 hours with 40 mg and - 18% and 12 hours with 60 mg. This study demonstrated a direct relationship between the plasma concentration of @entity594 and the associated fall in mean blood pressure. Finally, in a chronic study of 20 @entity101 @entity1 receiving 2 X 20 mg daily of the tablet form of @entity594 alone for 3 weeks, an 8% fall in blood pressure was observed, normalising the values in 50% of cases. @entity1 who remained @entity101 were given 2 X 40 mg of the @entity594 tablets for another 3 weeks and an additional 7% fall in blood pressure was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of capsule and tablet forms of @entity594 in moderate XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['fall in systolic and diastolic pressures']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The antihypertensive effect of @entity594 which has a preferential antagonistic action in the @entity460 channels of vascular smooth muscle was studied in several series of @entity1 . A preliminary double-blind placebo study in 7 moderate @entity101 @entity1 showed that a 10 mg capsule of @entity594 induced a significant @entity551 (max. - 14%) which persisted for 3 hours in ambulatory @entity1 . A crossover trial against @entity3371 (1 mg/kg) in 12 moderately @entity101 @entity1 illustrated the antihypertensive effects of 2 capsules (20 mg) of @entity594 . The onset of action was faster and the effects, which were more intense than those of @entity3371 , lasted several hours. A double-blind crossover trial against placebo was performed with 3 doses (20, 40, 60 mg) of a tablet form of @entity594 in 8 @entity101 @entity1 . The degree and duration of the fall in blood pressure depended on the dosage: - 11% and 7 hours with 20 mg; - 14% and 10 hours with 40 mg and - 18% and 12 hours with 60 mg. This study demonstrated a direct relationship between the plasma concentration of @entity594 and the associated fall in mean blood pressure. Finally, in a chronic study of 20 @entity101 @entity1 receiving 2 X 20 mg daily of the tablet form of @entity594 alone for 3 weeks, an 8% fall in blood pressure was observed, normalising the values in 50% of cases. @entity1 who remained @entity101 were given 2 X 40 mg of the @entity594 tablets for another 3 weeks and an additional 7% fall in blood pressure was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of capsule and tablet forms of XXXX in moderate @entity101 ].

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a 20 mg tablet preparation of @entity594 alone in twice daily dosage, in the treatment of moderate @entity101 (95 greater than or equal to @entity13520 less than or equal to 115 mmHg). Efficacy was defined as the ability to maintain treatment for 6 months with a fall in @entity13520 of a least 5 mmHg after the first month, and with a @entity13520 100 mmHg from the second month. One hundred and seventy seven @entity1 were recruited from november 1981 to december 1982, 55% during the first three months of the trial. There were 95 @entity1 (54%) and 82 @entity1 , with a mean age of 55.6 +/- 10 years. The @entity13520 ranged from 96 to 111 mmHg in 80% of cases. The @entity1 were randomly allocated in lots of 6, to three groups: placebo (58 @entity1 ), @entity594 (57 @entity1 ) and @entity10719 (61 @entity1 ). The comparability of 21 parameters amongst these 3 groups was verified. After 1 month of placebo, 25 @entity1 did not meet the criteria of inclusion and were excluded from the study. During this phase, 19 @entity1 (10.5%) complained of at least one side effect. Of the 152 @entity1 who received active treatment, 34 (22.4%) were "wrongly included", 17 did not complete the test period for undefined reasons and were considered to have been "lost to follow-up", and 6 @entity1 "deviated" from the protocol. These 3 groups were taken into account in the statistical analysis of the graphs of non-failure.

title: [Antihypertensive effect of a new form of XXXX compared to a beta-blocker during chronic administration].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity10719 :: ('MESH:D000070', 'Chemical') :: ['acebutolol']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Operative treatment of geriatric @entity174 is challenging and controversial. There are few studies focusing on the clinical features and operative outcomes of @entity174 in the elderly. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the clinical features and operative results of these @entity174 . METHODS: Thirty-three displaced @entity174 in @entity1 >65 years old (mean age: 72.1 years, range: 65-94 years) were treated operatively. We investigated the mechanisms of injury, @entity174 types according to the Schatzker classification, incidences of soft tissue injury, and @entity260 . Clinical and radiographic data were analyzed in 23 @entity1 at the last follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 4.0 years (range: 1-13 years). Twenty-one @entity1 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation and evaluated using the Rasmussen clinical and radiologic scores. Two @entity1 with advanced @entity571 were treated primarily with total knee arthroplasty and assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score for the @entity626 . RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 (72.7%) were injured by low-energy @entity130 such as a simple fall. Four @entity1 had @entity2054 and required fasciotomies. Rasmussen clinical and radiologic scores were satisfactory in 85.7% and 81.0% of @entity1 , respectively. Two @entity1 treated primarily with total knee arthroplasty showed no radiologic abnormality, and their Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were both 70 points. CONCLUSIONS: @entity174 , although mostly due to low-energy @entity130 , were often accompanied with severe comminution and @entity2054 . Postoperative results of open reduction and internal fixation for this population were relatively good. Therefore, primary total knee arthroplasty should only be considered for well-selected @entity1 .

title: XXXX : Clinical features and surgical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Geriatric tibial plateau fractures', 'tibial plateau fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Geriatric tibial plateau fractures']