abstract: We performed this study to determine the predictors of early and long-term survival in the surgical treatment of @entity17398 and to examine the risks of pericardiectomy and the functional outcome in @entity1 after surgery. A retrospective analysis was undertaken in 36 consecutive @entity1 , 26 female and 10 male, with a mean age 32.2 +/- 16.3, who underwent pericardiectomy for chronic @entity3822 from February 1985 to February 2002. All patients received antitubercular therapy in the postoperative period. The operative mortality rate was 6% (2 @entity1 ); the cause of @entity204 in both cases was severe @entity998 . Nonfatal @entity3816 affected 3 @entity1 (8%). The median stay in the intensive care unit was 3.7 +/- 3.1 days. The median hospital stay was 14 +/- 2.6 days. The median ventilation time was 11.9 +/- 1.8 hours. The median volume of blood transfused was 2.1 +/- 1.6 units. Advanced age, @entity955 , concomitant @entity997 , inotropic support and low cardiac output were significant negative predictors of survival, according to univariate analysis. There were 4 late deaths. Actuarial survival at 5 years was 75.9% +/- 9.14%. At the 1-year follow-up examination, improved functional status was noted in 88% of @entity1 . We suggest that pericardiectomy be performed early and as radically as possible, in an effort to prevent @entity102 . A combination of chemotherapy and surgery yields gratifying results in the treatment of @entity17398 .

title: Pericardiectomy for chronic constrictive XXXX : risks and predictors of survival.

entities_list: @entity17398 :: ('MESH:D010495', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low-cardiac-output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity17398 :: (MESH:D010495,Disease) :: ['tuberculous pericarditis']


abstract: OBJECT: In this study the authors evaluate the efficacy of and complications associated with dedicated linear accelerator (LINAC) radiosurgery for @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ). METHODS: Between August 1995 and February 2001, 60 @entity1 whose median age was 66.1 years (range 45-88 years) were treated with dedicated LINAC radiosurgery for @entity4254 . Forty-one @entity1 (68.3%) had essential @entity4254 , 12 (20%) had secondary @entity158 , and seven (11.7%) had atypical features. Twenty-nine @entity1 (48.3%) had undergone previous surgical procedures. Radiation doses varied between 70 and 90 Gy (mean 83.3 Gy) at the isocenter, with the last 35 @entity1 (58.3%) treated with a 90-Gy dose. A 5-mm collimator was used in 45 @entity1 (75%) and a 7.5-mm collimator in 15 @entity1 (25%). Treatment was focused at the nerve root entry zone. At last follow up (mean follow-up period 23 months, range 2-70 months), 36 (87.8%) of the 41 @entity1 with essential @entity4254 had sustained significant @entity158 relief (good plus excellent results). Twenty-three @entity1 (56.1%) were @entity158 free without medication (excellent outcome), 13 (31.7%) had a 50 to 90% reduction in @entity158 with or without medication (good outcome), and five (12.2%) had minor improvement or no relief. Of 12 @entity1 with secondary @entity158 , significant relief was sustained in seven @entity1 (58.3%); worse results were found with @entity158 . Fifteen (25%) of the 60 @entity1 experienced new @entity1183 postprocedure; no other significant complications were found. @entity158 relief was experienced at a mean of 2.7 months (range 0-12 months). CONCLUSIONS: Dedicated LINAC radiosurgery is a precise and effective treatment for @entity4254 .

title: Dedicated linear accelerator radiosurgery for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['atypical pain', 'Pain', 'facial pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: Based upon experiments on animals, an anastomotic apparatus, consisting of two magnetic rings of polymer bonded, rare earth @entity1953 magnets embedded in @entity2635 , was developed. There are three types of polyester device with diameters of 25, 28, and 30 millimeters, respectively. The force between the magnets varied between 2.5 Newtons at 4 centimer separation and 11.8 Newtons at union. For the low @entity14 , a magnet holder, connecting rod and spherical cap were developed. The aim of the technique is a quick restoration of the underbroken submucosal intestinal cylinder by optimal circular apposition of the submucosal layer. The working mechanism is based upon progressive compression, leading to @entity39 of the intermediate mucosal and submucosal layers by increasing the magnetic force while intestinal healing takes place. After seven to 12 days, the magnets cut through the disappear from the anastomotic region by intestinal peristalsis. From the initial series of 21 @entity1 , 11 resections of the sigmoid colon and nine low anterior resections were performed. Dehiscence of the suture line was noted in two instances. One @entity1 required reoperation. The other @entity1 had a small area of dehiscence at the suture line after evacuation of an infected @entity1410 with a further uncomplicated course. One @entity1 died on the third postoperative day of recurrent @entity583 . In the other 18 @entity1 , primary intestinal healing was demonstrated roentgenologically and sigmoidoscopically.

title: Clinical applications of magnetic rings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal anastomosis']


abstract: @entity133 ( @entity133 ) cells are exposed to mechanical stretch during breathing and mechanical ventilation. Increased stretch may contribute to @entity651 . The influence of three stretching patterns (characterized by frequency [min(-1)] - increase in surface area [%]: S40-13, S60-13, S40-30) on parameters of apoptosis, @entity39 , and membrane integrity of @entity35 @entity133 cells was compared with that in static cultures. The S40-13 stretching pattern simulated normal breathing. The other patterns were chosen to study increased amplitude and frequency. There were no significant differences between the S40-13 group and static cultures. @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release and early apoptotic cells were significantly increased in S60-13 and S40-30 in comparison with static cultures (LDH: 0.089 +/- 0.014 microg/ml and 0.177 +/- 0.050 microg/ml versus 0.050 +/- 0.011 microg/ml; early apoptosis: 17 +/- 3.5% and 23 +/- 3.1% versus 9.7 +/- 1.4%) at 24 h. Necrosis was significantly increased only in the S40-30 group (13 +/- 2.4% versus 6.1 +/- 0.9% in static culture at 24 h). @entity3371 as well as @entity534 prevented apoptosis and reduced apoptotic cells to static culture levels in the S40-30 group, but did not influence @entity39 and LDH release. Increased mechanical stretch may contribute to @entity651 by induction of apoptosis and @entity39 in @entity133 cells. Apoptosis induced by high-amplitude mechanical stretch is prevented by @entity3371 and @entity534 .

title: Apoptosis and XXXX induced by cyclic mechanical stretching in alveolar type II cells.

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['ATII', 'Alveolar type II']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-Arginine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactic acid']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: @entity4854 is frequent in @entity3124 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of blood @entity413 control with @entity8446 on endocrine, metabolic, and immune function in an animal model of severe injury. Seventy-two hours after alloxan injection and exogenous @entity8446 infusion combined with continuous iv parenteral nutrition, male New Zealand White @entity95 received a @entity130 and were allocated to a normoglycemic (n = 17) or @entity1602 (n = 13) group. In the normoglycemic group, blood @entity413 levels were kept between 3.3 and 6.1 mmol/liter by @entity8446 infusion, whereas in the @entity1602 group blood @entity413 levels were maintained at 13.8-16.6 mmol/liter. Blood was drawn for biochemical analysis at regular time points. At 24 and 72 h after @entity130 , immune function of monocytes was assessed in vitro. Maintenance of normoglycemia with exogenous @entity8446 after severe @entity130 to a large extent prevented @entity353 , @entity8193 , and @entity2753 . Furthermore, within 3 d after injury, the intervention improved phagocytosis of monocytes investigated in fresh cells by more than a mean 150% (P = 0.006) and after 24-h incubation with or without lipopolysaccharide by more than a mean 4-fold (P = 0.001) and 2-fold (P = 0.05), respectively. Oxidative killing after 24-h incubation was also improved by 2-fold (P = 0.05), but no effect on chemotaxis was detected. Concomitantly, @entity32 and stress-induced @entity24863 hypersecretion were suppressed. Prevention of catabolism, @entity520 , excessive @entity32 , and impaired innate immune function may explain previously documented beneficial effects of intensive @entity8446 therapy on outcome of @entity3124 .

title: Metabolic, endocrine, and immune effects of stress @entity4854 in a @entity95 model of prolonged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Stress hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: @entity4854 is frequent in @entity3124 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of blood @entity413 control with @entity8446 on endocrine, metabolic, and immune function in an animal model of severe injury. Seventy-two hours after alloxan injection and exogenous @entity8446 infusion combined with continuous iv parenteral nutrition, male New Zealand White @entity95 received a @entity130 and were allocated to a normoglycemic (n = 17) or @entity1602 (n = 13) group. In the normoglycemic group, blood @entity413 levels were kept between 3.3 and 6.1 mmol/liter by @entity8446 infusion, whereas in the @entity1602 group blood @entity413 levels were maintained at 13.8-16.6 mmol/liter. Blood was drawn for biochemical analysis at regular time points. At 24 and 72 h after @entity130 , immune function of monocytes was assessed in vitro. Maintenance of normoglycemia with exogenous @entity8446 after severe @entity130 to a large extent prevented @entity353 , @entity8193 , and @entity2753 . Furthermore, within 3 d after injury, the intervention improved phagocytosis of monocytes investigated in fresh cells by more than a mean 150% (P = 0.006) and after 24-h incubation with or without lipopolysaccharide by more than a mean 4-fold (P = 0.001) and 2-fold (P = 0.05), respectively. Oxidative killing after 24-h incubation was also improved by 2-fold (P = 0.05), but no effect on chemotaxis was detected. Concomitantly, @entity32 and stress-induced @entity24863 hypersecretion were suppressed. Prevention of catabolism, @entity520 , excessive @entity32 , and impaired innate immune function may explain previously documented beneficial effects of intensive @entity8446 therapy on outcome of @entity3124 .

title: Metabolic, endocrine, and immune effects of stress XXXX in a @entity95 model of prolonged @entity3124 .

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: @entity4854 is frequent in @entity3124 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of blood @entity413 control with @entity8446 on endocrine, metabolic, and immune function in an animal model of severe injury. Seventy-two hours after alloxan injection and exogenous @entity8446 infusion combined with continuous iv parenteral nutrition, male New Zealand White @entity95 received a @entity130 and were allocated to a normoglycemic (n = 17) or @entity1602 (n = 13) group. In the normoglycemic group, blood @entity413 levels were kept between 3.3 and 6.1 mmol/liter by @entity8446 infusion, whereas in the @entity1602 group blood @entity413 levels were maintained at 13.8-16.6 mmol/liter. Blood was drawn for biochemical analysis at regular time points. At 24 and 72 h after @entity130 , immune function of monocytes was assessed in vitro. Maintenance of normoglycemia with exogenous @entity8446 after severe @entity130 to a large extent prevented @entity353 , @entity8193 , and @entity2753 . Furthermore, within 3 d after injury, the intervention improved phagocytosis of monocytes investigated in fresh cells by more than a mean 150% (P = 0.006) and after 24-h incubation with or without lipopolysaccharide by more than a mean 4-fold (P = 0.001) and 2-fold (P = 0.05), respectively. Oxidative killing after 24-h incubation was also improved by 2-fold (P = 0.05), but no effect on chemotaxis was detected. Concomitantly, @entity32 and stress-induced @entity24863 hypersecretion were suppressed. Prevention of catabolism, @entity520 , excessive @entity32 , and impaired innate immune function may explain previously documented beneficial effects of intensive @entity8446 therapy on outcome of @entity3124 .

title: Metabolic, endocrine, and immune effects of stress @entity4854 in a XXXX model of prolonged @entity3124 .

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Free peritoneal perforation is a rare complication of @entity30 . METHODS: We evaluated the incidence of free peritoneal perforation among 208 @entity1 with @entity30 surgically treated in the period 1992-2000. RESULTS: Five @entity1 (2.4%) suffered from free peritoneal perforation. In 1 @entity1 free peritoneal perforation was the first symptom of @entity30 . In 3 cases the perforation was in the small bowel and in 2 in the large bowel. All @entity1 underwent surgery: all cases had a resection of the involved bowel and in two cases an ileostomy was performed in order to prevent severe @entity298 . We did not observed mortality or major complications. CONCLUSIONS: Free peritoneal perforation is rare with about 100 cases reported in literature. No correlation seems to exist with previous corticosteroid treatment. The surgical treatment is mandatory. Simple suture should be avoided. The most appropriate treatment, whenever it is feasible, is resection of the involved bowel with immediate or, in case of severe @entity295 , delayed @entity254 .

title: A rare surgical complication of XXXX : free peritoneal perforation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's diseases']


abstract: @entity1283 is a general term signifying an increase in cardiac mass in response to applied stress. In mild, early @entity1184 , cardiac myocyte contractile performance may be normal or enhanced, whereas in severe @entity1184 associated with @entity712 , myocyte contraction is reduced in amplitude and increased in duration. In contrast to the varied contractile response, the duration of electrical excitation shows similar changes in both mild and severe @entity1184 . Action potential duration in mid-myocardial and sub-epicardial layers is increased, which is associated with @entity943 (in a similar manner to the @entity1162 from other causes), based on afterdepolarizations and enhanced @entity10804 . Single-cell studies following exercise training in animal models show that exercise-induced @entity1283 displays features similar to mild, compensated @entity1184 from other causes. Developed shortening of unloaded single cells is increased or unchanged, and developed force in single myocytes is enhanced. Action potential duration is increased, apart from in the sub-endocardial layer. As with mild @entity1184 from other causes, this will be pro-arrhythmic because of altered dispersion of repolarization and enhanced @entity10804 . Major abnormalities of the ECG in @entity1 include frequent and complex @entity1540 , ST segment changes and prolongation of repolarization. In this review a case is presented for regarding exercise-induced @entity1283 as being no different from mild @entity1283 resulting from other, pathological causes. The cellular electrophysiological changes are sufficient to account for many of the abnormalities of the ECG, including high-grade @entity1540 . @entity944 in trained athletes who have no evidence of specific @entity299 may be a direct consequence of @entity1283 and altered repolarization.

title: Exercise-induced @entity1283 : a substrate for XXXX in athletes?

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity10804 :: ('MESH:C537069', 'Disease') :: ['automaticity']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long QT syndromes']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: @entity1283 is a general term signifying an increase in cardiac mass in response to applied stress. In mild, early @entity1184 , cardiac myocyte contractile performance may be normal or enhanced, whereas in severe @entity1184 associated with @entity712 , myocyte contraction is reduced in amplitude and increased in duration. In contrast to the varied contractile response, the duration of electrical excitation shows similar changes in both mild and severe @entity1184 . Action potential duration in mid-myocardial and sub-epicardial layers is increased, which is associated with @entity943 (in a similar manner to the @entity1162 from other causes), based on afterdepolarizations and enhanced @entity10804 . Single-cell studies following exercise training in animal models show that exercise-induced @entity1283 displays features similar to mild, compensated @entity1184 from other causes. Developed shortening of unloaded single cells is increased or unchanged, and developed force in single myocytes is enhanced. Action potential duration is increased, apart from in the sub-endocardial layer. As with mild @entity1184 from other causes, this will be pro-arrhythmic because of altered dispersion of repolarization and enhanced @entity10804 . Major abnormalities of the ECG in @entity1 include frequent and complex @entity1540 , ST segment changes and prolongation of repolarization. In this review a case is presented for regarding exercise-induced @entity1283 as being no different from mild @entity1283 resulting from other, pathological causes. The cellular electrophysiological changes are sufficient to account for many of the abnormalities of the ECG, including high-grade @entity1540 . @entity944 in trained athletes who have no evidence of specific @entity299 may be a direct consequence of @entity1283 and altered repolarization.

title: Exercise-induced XXXX : a substrate for @entity944 in athletes?

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']


abstract: This paper presents the case of a 63 year old female with a severe @entity570 . She got a robot assited implantation of a cementless hip prosthesis (Osteolock, Stryker-Howmedica, M  hlheim). As operation robot the CASPAR-System (Orto-Maquet, Rastatt) was used. Initially, the clinical progress of the @entity1 was fine. She was nearly painfree within 14 days and showed an acceptable range of motion in the operated joint (flexion/ extension 90 degrees /05 degrees /00 degrees ). She was mobilized with crutches and 15 kg weight bearing at the operated leg. 3 weeks postoperative the @entity1 complaint about @entity158 without @entity130 or intensification of the weight bearing. X-rays showed not only a dislocated @entity174 of the lesser trochanter, but also a sinking combined with a malrotation of the stem. A revision operation was necessary,where we implanted a cemented stem. Now clinical progress was completely satisfying.

title: [Dislocated XXXX of the lesser trochanter with malrotation of the stem after robot assisted implantation of a cementless hip prosthesis: a casuistic report].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increasing pain']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['coxarthrosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Treatment of @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ) by intravaginal electrical stimulation (IES) and pelvic floor physiotherapy represents an alternative to other therapies. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment inpatients with @entity322 . From January 1998 to May 2000, 30 @entity1 (mean age 54 years) were studied. All @entity1 had @entity3142 and 70% urge incontinence; average follow-up was 7 months. Selection criteria were based on clinical history, objective evaluation of perineal musculature by perineometry, and urodynamics. The treatment protocol consisted of three sessions of IES per week for 14 weeks using INNOVA equipment. Physiotherapy was initiated in the fifth week of IES. A significant decrease in the number of micturitions and urgency was observed after treatment ( P<0.01). The pad test showed a reduction in urinary leakage from 13.9 to 5.9 g after treatment ( P<0.01). Objective evaluation of perineal muscle strength showed a significant improvement in all @entity1 after treatment ( P<0.01). A positive correlation was observed between maximum flow rate (Qmax) and all three variables: urethral pressure profile at rest and on straining (stop test), and abdominal leak-point pressure (ALPP). A positive correlation was also observed between ALPP and the stop test. Over 100 different surgical and conservative treatments have been tried to manage @entity3142 . The majority of these procedures reveal that despite progress already made in this area, there is no ideal treatment. Satisfactory results can be achieved with this method, especially with @entity1 who are reluctant to undergo surgery because of personal or clinical problems.

title: Treatment of XXXX by intravaginal electrical stimulation and pelvic floor physiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['urinary stress incontinence', 'USI']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['urinary stress incontinence']


abstract: CASE REPORT: We report a case of a primary @entity4585 in @entity1 aged 2 years and 8 months. The symptoms were progressive @entity5768 , @entity9175 , and bilateral @entity1829 . The @entity5 was partially calcified and was a round mass located in the bilateral sphenoidal bone extending into the orbit. Laboratory study did not show @entity1503 . The @entity5 was partially removed by bilateral frontotemporal craniotomy and a diagnosis of primary @entity4585 was made from the surgical specimen. Progressive @entity227 was seen and chemotherapy started on the 11th postoperative day followed by local cranium irradiation (24 Gy). The @entity1 has been in complete remission for 37 months. The visual acuity recovered partially and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging showed a significant decrease in the size of the @entity5 . DISCUSSION: Radiological diagnosis of primary intracranial @entity4585 is difficult. Surgical removal may be an option for progressive @entity16 but chemotherapy is more important for both neurological stabilization and induction of remission.

title: Primary XXXX in the sphenoidal bone and orbit.

entities_list: @entity9175 :: ('MESH:C564661', 'Disease') :: ['right abducens palsy']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral exophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity4585 :: ('MESH:D023981', 'Disease') :: ['cranial chloroma', 'granulocytic sarcoma']

answer: @entity4585 :: (MESH:D023981,Disease) :: ['granulocytic sarcoma']


abstract: @entity5818 in the shoulder has generally been considered to be a clinical condition of mechanical origin. However, anomalies exist between the pathology in the subacromial space and the degree of @entity158 experienced. These may be explained by variations in the processing of nociceptive inputs between different @entity1 . We investigated the evidence for augmented @entity158 transmission ( @entity6220 ) in @entity1 with impingement, and the relationship between pre-operative @entity6220 and the outcomes following arthroscopic subacromial decompression. We recruited 17 @entity1 with unilateral impingement of the shoulder and 17 age- and gender-matched controls, all of whom underwent quantitative sensory testing to detect thresholds for mechanical stimuli, distinctions between sharp and blunt punctate stimuli, and @entity158 . Additionally Oxford shoulder scores to assess @entity158 and function, and PainDETECT questionnaires to identify 'neuropathic' and referred symptoms were completed. @entity1 completed these questionnaires pre-operatively and three months post-operatively. A significant proportion of @entity1 awaiting subacromial decompression had @entity158 radiating down the arm and had significant @entity1931 to punctate stimulus of the skin compared with controls (unpaired t-test, p < 0.0001). These are felt to represent peripheral manifestations of augmented central @entity158 processing ( @entity6220 ). The presence of either @entity1931 or @entity158 pre-operatively resulted in a significantly worse outcome from decompression three months after surgery (unpaired t-test, p = 0.04 and p = 0.005, respectively). These observations confirm the presence of @entity6220 in a proportion of @entity1 with shoulder @entity158 associated with impingement. Also, if @entity1 had relatively high levels of @entity6220 pre-operatively, as indicated by higher levels of @entity1931 and/or @entity158 , the outcome three months after subacromial decompression was significantly worse.

title: Evidence that XXXX is present in @entity1 with @entity5818 and influences the outcome after surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central sensitisation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'punctate hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['referred pain', 'pain', 'heat pain']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['Impingement syndrome']

answer: @entity6220 :: (MESH:D020279,Disease) :: ['central sensitisation']


abstract: @entity5818 in the shoulder has generally been considered to be a clinical condition of mechanical origin. However, anomalies exist between the pathology in the subacromial space and the degree of @entity158 experienced. These may be explained by variations in the processing of nociceptive inputs between different @entity1 . We investigated the evidence for augmented @entity158 transmission ( @entity6220 ) in @entity1 with impingement, and the relationship between pre-operative @entity6220 and the outcomes following arthroscopic subacromial decompression. We recruited 17 @entity1 with unilateral impingement of the shoulder and 17 age- and gender-matched controls, all of whom underwent quantitative sensory testing to detect thresholds for mechanical stimuli, distinctions between sharp and blunt punctate stimuli, and @entity158 . Additionally Oxford shoulder scores to assess @entity158 and function, and PainDETECT questionnaires to identify 'neuropathic' and referred symptoms were completed. @entity1 completed these questionnaires pre-operatively and three months post-operatively. A significant proportion of @entity1 awaiting subacromial decompression had @entity158 radiating down the arm and had significant @entity1931 to punctate stimulus of the skin compared with controls (unpaired t-test, p < 0.0001). These are felt to represent peripheral manifestations of augmented central @entity158 processing ( @entity6220 ). The presence of either @entity1931 or @entity158 pre-operatively resulted in a significantly worse outcome from decompression three months after surgery (unpaired t-test, p = 0.04 and p = 0.005, respectively). These observations confirm the presence of @entity6220 in a proportion of @entity1 with shoulder @entity158 associated with impingement. Also, if @entity1 had relatively high levels of @entity6220 pre-operatively, as indicated by higher levels of @entity1931 and/or @entity158 , the outcome three months after subacromial decompression was significantly worse.

title: Evidence that @entity6220 is present in @entity1 with XXXX and influences the outcome after surgery.

answer: @entity5818 :: (MESH:D019534,Disease) :: ['shoulder impingement syndrome']


abstract: @entity5818 in the shoulder has generally been considered to be a clinical condition of mechanical origin. However, anomalies exist between the pathology in the subacromial space and the degree of @entity158 experienced. These may be explained by variations in the processing of nociceptive inputs between different @entity1 . We investigated the evidence for augmented @entity158 transmission ( @entity6220 ) in @entity1 with impingement, and the relationship between pre-operative @entity6220 and the outcomes following arthroscopic subacromial decompression. We recruited 17 @entity1 with unilateral impingement of the shoulder and 17 age- and gender-matched controls, all of whom underwent quantitative sensory testing to detect thresholds for mechanical stimuli, distinctions between sharp and blunt punctate stimuli, and @entity158 . Additionally Oxford shoulder scores to assess @entity158 and function, and PainDETECT questionnaires to identify 'neuropathic' and referred symptoms were completed. @entity1 completed these questionnaires pre-operatively and three months post-operatively. A significant proportion of @entity1 awaiting subacromial decompression had @entity158 radiating down the arm and had significant @entity1931 to punctate stimulus of the skin compared with controls (unpaired t-test, p < 0.0001). These are felt to represent peripheral manifestations of augmented central @entity158 processing ( @entity6220 ). The presence of either @entity1931 or @entity158 pre-operatively resulted in a significantly worse outcome from decompression three months after surgery (unpaired t-test, p = 0.04 and p = 0.005, respectively). These observations confirm the presence of @entity6220 in a proportion of @entity1 with shoulder @entity158 associated with impingement. Also, if @entity1 had relatively high levels of @entity6220 pre-operatively, as indicated by higher levels of @entity1931 and/or @entity158 , the outcome three months after subacromial decompression was significantly worse.

title: Evidence that @entity6220 is present in XXXX with @entity5818 and influences the outcome after surgery.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors evaluated an alternative method to avoid postoperative posterior tethering of the spinal cord following resection of @entity424 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity424 underwent surgery between 1978 and 2002. There were 16 male and nine female @entity1 whose ages at the time of surgery ranged from 14 to 64 years (mean 41.8 years). The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 279 months (mean 112.4 months). In the initial 17 @entity1 (Group A), the procedure to prevent @entity2443 consisted of the layer-to-layer closure of three meninges and laminoplasty. In the subsequently treated eight @entity1 (Group B), the authors performed an alternative technique that included pial suturing, dural closure with Gore-Tex membrane-assisted patch grafting, and expansive laminoplasty. In Group A, @entity86 was radiologically detected in eight cases (47%), and delayed @entity16 secondary to posterior tethering of the cord was found in five cases. In Group B, there was no evidence of adhesive posterior tethering or delayed @entity16 . A significant intergroup statistical difference was demonstrated for radiologically documented posterior tethering (p < 0.05, Fisher exact test). Moreover, @entity1 with radiologically demonstrated posterior tethering suffered a significant delayed neurological functional deterioration (p < 0.01, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSIONS: This new technique for closure of the surgical wound is effective in preventing of postoperative posterior spinal cord tethering after excision of @entity424 .

title: Prevention of postoperative posterior tethering of spinal cord after resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['spinal ependymoma', 'spinal ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative adhesion']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoidal adhesion']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['ependymoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Advances in genomics may eventually lead to 'personalized genetic medicine,' yet the clinical utility of predictive testing for modest changes in risk is unclear. We explored interest in genetic testing for genes related to modest changes in @entity0 risk in @entity1 at moderate to high risk for @entity0 . METHODS: @entity1 (n = 105) with a negative breast biopsy and >= 1 relative with @entity5344 completed telephone surveys. We measured demographic and psychosocial variables and, following presentation of hypothetical scenarios of genetic tests for lower-penetrance @entity0 gene mutations, assessed interest in willingness to pay for and comprehension of test results. We used logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to evaluate combinations of risk level, cost and behavioral modifiers. RESULTS: Many @entity1 (77%) reported 'definite' interest in genetic testing, with greater interest in tests that conveyed more risk and cost less. Behavioral modifiers of risk (taking a vitamin; diet/exercise), having a regular physician, greater perceived benefits of genetic testing, and greater @entity5 worry also influenced interest. Most @entity1 (63%) did not understand relative vs. absolute risk. @entity1 with less understanding reported more @entity5 worry and greater willingness to pay for testing. CONCLUSION: Interest in genetic testing for mutations related to modest changes in risk was high, modified by both test and psychosocial factors. Findings highlight the need for education about benefits and risks of testing for mutations that convey modest changes in risk, particularly given the current lack of clinical validity/utility and availability of direct-to-consumer genetic testing.

title: Interest in genetic testing for modest changes in XXXX risk: implications for SNP testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast or ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We have found previously that supplementation with conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) induces lipid peroxidation and inflammation in @entity1 as indicated by an increase of @entity7707 (PGF2alpha) and @entity18314 respectively. The present study was undertaken firstly to study the regulatory mechanisms behind these effects, and secondly to see if these effects are specific to different isomers of CLA. Sixty healthy @entity1 and @entity1 , divided into six groups, were given a @entity2247 inhibitor ( @entity13586 ; 12 mg/day), @entity1881 (200 mg/day) or neither treatment (control group) over a period of 6 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, three groups were given a CLA preparation (3.5 g/day) mainly containing the isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 (CLA mix), and the three other groups a CLA preparation mainly containing the isomer trans-10, cis-12 (CLA 1012; 4.0 g/day). Treatment with @entity1881 or @entity2247 inhibitor did not alter the basal urinary levels of either @entity7707 or @entity18314 . Both CLA preparations induced an increase in @entity7707 and @entity18314 in the urine, with a larger increase being found in the CLA 1012 group. Treatment with the @entity2247 inhibitor suppressed the increase in urinary @entity18314 in the CLA 1012 group, but not in the CLA mix group. Neither the @entity2247 inhibitor nor @entity1881 had any effect on @entity7707 levels after supplementation with CLA. The CLA-induced production of PGF2alpha metabolites is probably partially mediated by @entity2247 . Levels of the induced lipid peroxidation may be dependent on the isomeric property of CLA.

title: Isomer-specific effects of conjugated @entity4722 on lipid peroxidation in @entity1 : regulation by XXXX and cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity18314 :: ('MESH:C008228', 'Chemical') :: ['15-keto-dihydro-PGF2alpha']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity7707 :: ('MESH:C075750', 'Chemical') :: ['8-iso-PGF2alpha', '8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity1881 :: (MESH:D024502,Chemical) :: ['alpha-tocopherol']


abstract: We have found previously that supplementation with conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) induces lipid peroxidation and inflammation in @entity1 as indicated by an increase of @entity7707 (PGF2alpha) and @entity18314 respectively. The present study was undertaken firstly to study the regulatory mechanisms behind these effects, and secondly to see if these effects are specific to different isomers of CLA. Sixty healthy @entity1 and @entity1 , divided into six groups, were given a @entity2247 inhibitor ( @entity13586 ; 12 mg/day), @entity1881 (200 mg/day) or neither treatment (control group) over a period of 6 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, three groups were given a CLA preparation (3.5 g/day) mainly containing the isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 (CLA mix), and the three other groups a CLA preparation mainly containing the isomer trans-10, cis-12 (CLA 1012; 4.0 g/day). Treatment with @entity1881 or @entity2247 inhibitor did not alter the basal urinary levels of either @entity7707 or @entity18314 . Both CLA preparations induced an increase in @entity7707 and @entity18314 in the urine, with a larger increase being found in the CLA 1012 group. Treatment with the @entity2247 inhibitor suppressed the increase in urinary @entity18314 in the CLA 1012 group, but not in the CLA mix group. Neither the @entity2247 inhibitor nor @entity1881 had any effect on @entity7707 levels after supplementation with CLA. The CLA-induced production of PGF2alpha metabolites is probably partially mediated by @entity2247 . Levels of the induced lipid peroxidation may be dependent on the isomeric property of CLA.

title: Isomer-specific effects of conjugated XXXX on lipid peroxidation in @entity1 : regulation by @entity1881 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor.

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: We have found previously that supplementation with conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) induces lipid peroxidation and inflammation in @entity1 as indicated by an increase of @entity7707 (PGF2alpha) and @entity18314 respectively. The present study was undertaken firstly to study the regulatory mechanisms behind these effects, and secondly to see if these effects are specific to different isomers of CLA. Sixty healthy @entity1 and @entity1 , divided into six groups, were given a @entity2247 inhibitor ( @entity13586 ; 12 mg/day), @entity1881 (200 mg/day) or neither treatment (control group) over a period of 6 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, three groups were given a CLA preparation (3.5 g/day) mainly containing the isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 (CLA mix), and the three other groups a CLA preparation mainly containing the isomer trans-10, cis-12 (CLA 1012; 4.0 g/day). Treatment with @entity1881 or @entity2247 inhibitor did not alter the basal urinary levels of either @entity7707 or @entity18314 . Both CLA preparations induced an increase in @entity7707 and @entity18314 in the urine, with a larger increase being found in the CLA 1012 group. Treatment with the @entity2247 inhibitor suppressed the increase in urinary @entity18314 in the CLA 1012 group, but not in the CLA mix group. Neither the @entity2247 inhibitor nor @entity1881 had any effect on @entity7707 levels after supplementation with CLA. The CLA-induced production of PGF2alpha metabolites is probably partially mediated by @entity2247 . Levels of the induced lipid peroxidation may be dependent on the isomeric property of CLA.

title: Isomer-specific effects of conjugated @entity4722 on lipid peroxidation in XXXX : regulation by @entity1881 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the authors' technique and preliminary results using electron beam radiation as rescue therapy for recalcitrant @entity957 of the conjunctiva and @entity267 . METHODS: A retrospective review comprised of an interventional case series of @entity1 with pathologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity957 of the conjunctiva and @entity267 , who had failed multiple standard treatments and underwent electron beam radiation therapy. Outcomes, @entity455 , and adverse effects were documented. Mortality and local control rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier survival probability method. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 met the inclusion criteria; of these, 6 (75%) were @entity1 and 2 (25%) were @entity1 , with ages ranging from 38 to 65 years (mean 50 years). One @entity5 (12.5%) was classified as T2N0M0, 6 (75%) were classified as T3N0M0, and one (12.5%) was classified as T4N0M0. Follow up from electron beam radiation therapy ranged from 3 to 72 months (mean 30.25 months). The most common side effect was erythema and @entity4 of the eyelids with @entity393 , seen in all @entity1 . @entity5 local control and regression after electron beam radiation therapy were noted in 6 @entity1 (75%); recurrence was noted in 2. There was neither metastatic spread nor @entity5 -related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors report a small case series where @entity5 control was achieved with electron beam radiation therapy for recalcitrant @entity957 of the conjunctiva and @entity267 . This approach may be considered for @entity1 who fail conventional therapy.

title: Electron beam radiation for conjunctival XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['radiation-related complications']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse transient eyelash loss']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) is used as an animal model for @entity1 @entity15 ( @entity15 ), which is an inflammatory demyelinating @entity3026 characterized by activation of @entity1198 and/or Th17 cells. @entity1 @entity792 can be either exacerbated or suppressed by infectious agents. Recent studies have shown that regulatory T cells play a crucial role in the escape mechanism of @entity21552 spp. both in @entity1 and in experimental models. These cells suppress the @entity1198 response against the parasite and prevent its elimination. Regulatory T cells have been largely associated with protection or amelioration in several @entity792 , mainly by their capacity to suppress proinflammatory response. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we verified that CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (T regs) generated during @entity281 (6 days after @entity6503 induction) interfere with the evolution of @entity6503 . We observed a positive correlation between the reduction of @entity6503 clinical symptoms and an increase of @entity5895 levels. @entity66 was also accompanied by a decrease in the expression of @entity636 and IFN-y and increases in the expression of @entity1618 and @entity641 relative to @entity6503 control @entity19 . The adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from @entity21552 -infected @entity19 reduced the clinical evolution of @entity6503 , confirming the role of these T regs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These data corroborate previous findings showing that infections interfere with the prevalence and evolution of @entity792 by inducing regulatory T cells, which regulate @entity6503 in an apparently non-specific manner.

title: Regulatory T cell induction during XXXX infection modifies the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity3026 :: ('MESH:D020278', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity21552 :: ('5825', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium', 'P. chabaudi']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Suppression of the disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity21552 :: (5825,Species) :: ['Plasmodium chabaudi']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy using a fine-powder formulation of @entity900 for @entity1 with advanced @entity157 refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. METHODS: We retrospectively examined the data of 84 consecutive @entity1 with transcatheter arterial @entity157 who underwent transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with a fine-powder formulation of @entity900 . @entity900 was administered at the dose of 65 mg/m(2) into the feeding @entity157 . The treatment was repeated every 4-6 weeks, until the appearance of evidence of @entity5 progression or of unacceptable @entity137 . RESULTS: Of the 84 @entity1 , one @entity1 (1.2%) showed complete response and two @entity1 (2.4%) showed partial response, representing an overall response rate of 3.6% (95% confidence interval, 0.7-10.1). Of the remaining, 38 @entity1 (45.2%) showed stable disease and 41 (48.8%) showed @entity74 . The median overall survival, 1-year survival rate and median progression-free survival in the entire subject population were 7.1 months, 27% and 1.7 months, respectively. Major Grade 3 or 4 adverse events included @entity882 in 12 @entity1 (14%) and elevation of the serum @entity492 aminotransferase in 33 @entity1 (39%). The gastrointestinal @entity137 were mild and reversible. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy using a fine-powder formulation of @entity900 appears to have only modest activity, although the @entity137 was also only mild, in @entity1 with transcatheter arterial @entity157 .

title: Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with a fine-powder formulation of XXXX for advanced @entity157 refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'artery of the hepatocellular carcinoma', 'chemoembolization-refractory hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy using a fine-powder formulation of @entity900 for @entity1 with advanced @entity157 refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. METHODS: We retrospectively examined the data of 84 consecutive @entity1 with transcatheter arterial @entity157 who underwent transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with a fine-powder formulation of @entity900 . @entity900 was administered at the dose of 65 mg/m(2) into the feeding @entity157 . The treatment was repeated every 4-6 weeks, until the appearance of evidence of @entity5 progression or of unacceptable @entity137 . RESULTS: Of the 84 @entity1 , one @entity1 (1.2%) showed complete response and two @entity1 (2.4%) showed partial response, representing an overall response rate of 3.6% (95% confidence interval, 0.7-10.1). Of the remaining, 38 @entity1 (45.2%) showed stable disease and 41 (48.8%) showed @entity74 . The median overall survival, 1-year survival rate and median progression-free survival in the entire subject population were 7.1 months, 27% and 1.7 months, respectively. Major Grade 3 or 4 adverse events included @entity882 in 12 @entity1 (14%) and elevation of the serum @entity492 aminotransferase in 33 @entity1 (39%). The gastrointestinal @entity137 were mild and reversible. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy using a fine-powder formulation of @entity900 appears to have only modest activity, although the @entity137 was also only mild, in @entity1 with transcatheter arterial @entity157 .

title: Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with a fine-powder formulation of @entity900 for advanced XXXX refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Local recurrence of @entity5 develops in the posterior bony pelvis as an isolated event in about half of the @entity1 with recurrence. Although radiation can palliate sacral @entity158 , the disease is usually progressive and is rarely amenable to conventional resection. We have adapted a surgical technique usually used for primary @entity5 , which permits a complete en bloc excision of recurrent @entity5 in most instances. This approach consists of a laparotomy with pelvic dissection and mobilization of structures to be resected. The @entity1 is repositioned prone and the posterior pelvis (sacrum and side walls) is then resected with preservation of appropriate nerve roots of the @entity1930 . Reconstruction is done with muscle and skin flaps. We have done 21 such procedures, of which, 11 were for pelvic recurrence of @entity420 . Seven @entity1 had resections for cure and four had palliative resections of fungating or infected @entity5 . All but one @entity1 was postabdominal perineal resection and nine @entity1 had been irradiated (3000-9000 rads). Two @entity1 had received up to 9000 rads in separate courses (external beam in one and interstitial radiation in the other). The posterior extent of resection was @entity30798 to 5 in six @entity1 ; S3 to 5 in three @entity1 , and S4-5 in two @entity1 . Anterior exenteration was performed in three @entity1 and three @entity1 had additional resection of other organs. In the curative resection group, three @entity1 are living free of disease at six, ten, and 52 months, and one @entity1 was NED at 60 months, but has again had @entity5 recurrance and is living with disease at 65 months. One @entity1 died of disease at 13 months and one @entity1 died of a @entity358 following resection for @entity1695 at five months. One @entity204 occurred from a cerebrovascular accident at 52 days. In the palliative resection group, three @entity1 survived with relief of local @entity5 symptoms four, eight, and 12 months. One @entity1 who had received a total of 9000 rads developed @entity39 , @entity29 and died 60 days after resection. Although this is a small series, it suggests that abdominal sacral resection of locally advanced @entity5 is feasible and may provide good palliation in most and possible cure in some @entity1 who develop recurrence after primary resection of @entity188 .

title: Abdominal sacral resection of locally recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['flap necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pelvic cancer', 'sacral tumors', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel fistula']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['root pain']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['posterior pelvis and the sciatic nerve']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Dissection or encirclement of the sectional pedicles for resection area demarcation is generally required for anatomical @entity4048 ( @entity4048 ). These maneuvers are sometime unfeasible and potentially dangerous. A new technique for performing an @entity4048 is herein described. Among the last 289 consecutive @entity1 who underwent hepatic resection, 15 met the eligibility criteria for anatomical @entity4048 by ultrasound-guided finger compression. This technique consists in demarcating the resection area by ultrasound-guided finger compression of the right posterior portal pedicle at the level closest to the @entity5 but oncologically suitable. Five @entity1 had @entity157 ; 11 had colorectal liver metastases. Median @entity5 number was 2 (range 1-46); median @entity5 size was 2.4  cm (range 0.4-13). Six @entity1 had @entity82 or @entity3619 , and ten had @entity1560 . Results show that the procedure resulted feasible in all eligible @entity1 , and demarcation area was obtained in all @entity1 within 1  min of bimanual IOUS guided compression. There was no mortality or major morbidity: only 2 (12%) @entity1 experienced postoperative morbidity. Blood transfusions were not given. Ultrasound-guided finger compression of sectional portal pedicle feeding the right posterior section is a feasible, safe, and effective method, and introduces a new modality for performing @entity4048 .

title: Anatomical XXXX : a further expansion of the ultrasound-guided compression technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['right posterior sectionectomy', 'RPS']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['right posterior sectionectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Obesity is common in pregnancy and results in morbidity to mother and newborn. AIM:     To evaluate whether a four-step multidisciplinary protocol of antenatal care for overweight and @entity28 @entity1 would reduce the incidence of @entity6677 . METHODS:    Pregnant @entity1 were approached at their first antenatal visit, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated to determine whether they were overweight or @entity28 (BMI   >   25). Eligible @entity1 were randomised to standard obstetric antenatal care or four-step multidisciplinary antenatal care. Clinic protocol included (i) continuity of obstetric provider; (ii) weighing on arrival at each visit; (iii) a five brief minute intervention by a food technologist who asked about the @entity1 's eating habits of the previous day, provided information on reading food labels, shopping lists of affordable foods available from local shops and recipes for a healthy pregnancy diet; and (iv) clinical psychology management to assess symptoms of @entity308 and @entity148 , stressful life events and determine whether psychological factors were involved in eating patterns. Labour and delivery data were audited from the medical records to determine the final incidence of @entity6677 . The primary outcomes were @entity6677 and @entity1017 . RESULTS:    The intervention was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of @entity6677 (6 versus 29%, OR 0.17 95% CI 0.03-0.95, P   =   0.04). It was also associated with reduced @entity1017 in pregnancy (7.0 versus 13.8   kg, P   <   0.0001). Despite this, birthweight of newborns was similar [3.5 (0.1)   kg versus 3.4 (0.1)   kg P   =   0.16]. CONCLUSION:     A four-step management plan adopted with @entity28 @entity1 reduces the incidence of @entity6677 .

title: A randomised trial of a four-step multidisciplinary approach to the antenatal care of XXXX pregnant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Obesity is common in pregnancy and results in morbidity to mother and newborn. AIM:     To evaluate whether a four-step multidisciplinary protocol of antenatal care for overweight and @entity28 @entity1 would reduce the incidence of @entity6677 . METHODS:    Pregnant @entity1 were approached at their first antenatal visit, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated to determine whether they were overweight or @entity28 (BMI   >   25). Eligible @entity1 were randomised to standard obstetric antenatal care or four-step multidisciplinary antenatal care. Clinic protocol included (i) continuity of obstetric provider; (ii) weighing on arrival at each visit; (iii) a five brief minute intervention by a food technologist who asked about the @entity1 's eating habits of the previous day, provided information on reading food labels, shopping lists of affordable foods available from local shops and recipes for a healthy pregnancy diet; and (iv) clinical psychology management to assess symptoms of @entity308 and @entity148 , stressful life events and determine whether psychological factors were involved in eating patterns. Labour and delivery data were audited from the medical records to determine the final incidence of @entity6677 . The primary outcomes were @entity6677 and @entity1017 . RESULTS:    The intervention was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of @entity6677 (6 versus 29%, OR 0.17 95% CI 0.03-0.95, P   =   0.04). It was also associated with reduced @entity1017 in pregnancy (7.0 versus 13.8   kg, P   <   0.0001). Despite this, birthweight of newborns was similar [3.5 (0.1)   kg versus 3.4 (0.1)   kg P   =   0.16]. CONCLUSION:     A four-step management plan adopted with @entity28 @entity1 reduces the incidence of @entity6677 .

title: A randomised trial of a four-step multidisciplinary approach to the antenatal care of @entity28 pregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: 1. Adaptive trade-offs are fundamental to the evolution of diversity and the coexistence of similar taxa and occur when complimentary combinations of traits maximize efficiency of resource exploitation or survival at different points on environmental gradients. 2. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) is a key physiological trait that reflects adaptations to baseline metabolic performance, whereas active metabolism reflects adaptations to variable metabolic output associated with performance related to foraging, predator avoidance, aggressive interactions or migratory movements. Benefits of high SMR and active metabolism may change along a resource (productivity) gradient, indicating that a trade-off exists among active metabolism, resting metabolism and energy intake. 3. We measured and compared SMR, maximal metabolic rate (MMR), @entity411 ( @entity411 ), swim performance (UCrit) and growth of juvenile hatchery and wild steelhead and @entity2322 held on high- and low-food rations in order to better understand the potential significance of variation in SMR to growth, differentiation between species, and patterns of habitat use along a productivity gradient. 4. We found that differences in SMR, MMR, @entity411 , swim performance and growth rate between steelhead trout and @entity2322 were reduced in hatchery-reared fish compared with wild fish. Wild steelhead had a higher MMR, @entity411 , swim performance and growth rate than wild coho, but adaptations between species do not appear to involve differences in SMR or to trade-off increased growth rate against lower swim performance, as commonly observed for high-growth strains. Instead, we hypothesize that wild steelhead may be trading off higher growth rate for lower food consumption efficiency, similar to strategies adopted by anadromous vs. resident @entity12943 and @entity12178 vs. @entity12943 . This highlights potential differences in food consumption and digestion strategies as cryptic adaptations ecologically differentiating salmonid species. 5. We hypothesize that divergent digestive strategies, which are common and well documented among terrestrial vertebrates, may be an important but overlooked aspect of adaptive strategies of juvenile salmonids, and fish in general.

title: Adaptive trade-offs in juvenile salmonid metabolism associated with habitat partitioning between XXXX and steelhead trout in coastal streams.

entities_list: @entity411 :: ('MESH:C538054', 'Disease') :: ['aerobic scope', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

answer: @entity2322 :: (8019,Species) :: ['coho salmon']


abstract: Activation of T-helper cells is dependent upon the appropriate presentation of antigen-derived peptides on MHC class II molecules expressed on antigen presenting cells. In the current study we explored the repertoire of peptides presented on MHC class II molecules on @entity1 monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from four HLA-typed healthy donors. MHC class II-bound peptides could be routinely recovered from small cultures containing 5   10(6) cells. A fraction of the identified peptides were derived from proteins localized in the plasma membrane, endosomes, and lysosomes, but the majority of peptides that were presented on MHC class II originate from other organelles. Subsequently, we studied the antigen-specific peptide repertoire after endocytosis of a soluble antigen. @entity1003 factor @entity797 ( @entity2801 ) was chosen as the antigen since our current knowledge on MHC class II presented peptides derived from this immunogenic therapeutic protein is limited. Analysis of the total repertoire of MHC class II-associated peptides revealed that per individual sample 20-50 @entity2801 -derived peptides were presented on @entity2801 -pulsed moDCs. Repertoires of @entity2801 -derived peptides eluted from moDCs derived from a panel of four HLA typed donors revealed that some MHC class II-presented @entity2801 peptides were presented by multiple donors, whereas the presentation of other @entity2801 peptides was donor-specific. In total 32 different core peptides were presented on @entity2801 -pulsed moDCs from four HLA-typed donors. Together our findings provide an unbiased approach to identify peptides that are presented by MHC class II on antigen-loaded moDCs from individual donors.

title: HLA-DR-presented peptide repertoires derived from @entity1 monocyte-derived dendritic cells pulsed with XXXX factor @entity797 .

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['Blood coagulation']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['blood coagulation']


abstract: Activation of T-helper cells is dependent upon the appropriate presentation of antigen-derived peptides on MHC class II molecules expressed on antigen presenting cells. In the current study we explored the repertoire of peptides presented on MHC class II molecules on @entity1 monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from four HLA-typed healthy donors. MHC class II-bound peptides could be routinely recovered from small cultures containing 5   10(6) cells. A fraction of the identified peptides were derived from proteins localized in the plasma membrane, endosomes, and lysosomes, but the majority of peptides that were presented on MHC class II originate from other organelles. Subsequently, we studied the antigen-specific peptide repertoire after endocytosis of a soluble antigen. @entity1003 factor @entity797 ( @entity2801 ) was chosen as the antigen since our current knowledge on MHC class II presented peptides derived from this immunogenic therapeutic protein is limited. Analysis of the total repertoire of MHC class II-associated peptides revealed that per individual sample 20-50 @entity2801 -derived peptides were presented on @entity2801 -pulsed moDCs. Repertoires of @entity2801 -derived peptides eluted from moDCs derived from a panel of four HLA typed donors revealed that some MHC class II-presented @entity2801 peptides were presented by multiple donors, whereas the presentation of other @entity2801 peptides was donor-specific. In total 32 different core peptides were presented on @entity2801 -pulsed moDCs from four HLA-typed donors. Together our findings provide an unbiased approach to identify peptides that are presented by MHC class II on antigen-loaded moDCs from individual donors.

title: HLA-DR-presented peptide repertoires derived from @entity1 monocyte-derived dendritic cells pulsed with @entity1003 factor XXXX .

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Gene) :: ['VIII']


abstract: Activation of T-helper cells is dependent upon the appropriate presentation of antigen-derived peptides on MHC class II molecules expressed on antigen presenting cells. In the current study we explored the repertoire of peptides presented on MHC class II molecules on @entity1 monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from four HLA-typed healthy donors. MHC class II-bound peptides could be routinely recovered from small cultures containing 5   10(6) cells. A fraction of the identified peptides were derived from proteins localized in the plasma membrane, endosomes, and lysosomes, but the majority of peptides that were presented on MHC class II originate from other organelles. Subsequently, we studied the antigen-specific peptide repertoire after endocytosis of a soluble antigen. @entity1003 factor @entity797 ( @entity2801 ) was chosen as the antigen since our current knowledge on MHC class II presented peptides derived from this immunogenic therapeutic protein is limited. Analysis of the total repertoire of MHC class II-associated peptides revealed that per individual sample 20-50 @entity2801 -derived peptides were presented on @entity2801 -pulsed moDCs. Repertoires of @entity2801 -derived peptides eluted from moDCs derived from a panel of four HLA typed donors revealed that some MHC class II-presented @entity2801 peptides were presented by multiple donors, whereas the presentation of other @entity2801 peptides was donor-specific. In total 32 different core peptides were presented on @entity2801 -pulsed moDCs from four HLA-typed donors. Together our findings provide an unbiased approach to identify peptides that are presented by MHC class II on antigen-loaded moDCs from individual donors.

title: HLA-DR-presented peptide repertoires derived from XXXX monocyte-derived dendritic cells pulsed with @entity1003 factor @entity797 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To test the postulate that sex difference, sex @entity230 , and peptidyl secretagogues control GH autofeedback, 11 healthy postmenopausal @entity1 and 14 older @entity1 were each given 1) a single iv pulse of GH to enforce negative feedback and 2) continuous iv infusion of saline vs. combined @entity7704 /GHRP-2 to drive feedback escape during pharmacological @entity53 (E(2); @entity1 ) or @entity251 (T; @entity1 ) supplementation vs. placebo in a double-blind, prospectively randomized crossover design. By three-way ANCOVA, sex difference, sex hormone treatment, peptide stimulation, and placebo/saline responses (covariate) controlled total (integrated) GH recovery during feedback (each P < 0.001). Both sex @entity134 milieu (P = 0.019) and dual-peptide stimulation (P < 0.001) determined nadir (maximally feedback-suppressed) GH concentrations. E(2)/T exposure elevated nadir GH concentrations during saline infusion (P = 0.003), whereas dual-peptide infusion did so independently of T/E(2) and sex difference (P = 0.001). All three of sex difference (P = 0.001), sex @entity134 treatment (P = 0.005), and double-peptide stimulation (P < 0.001) augmented recovery of peak (maximally feedback-escaped) GH concentrations. Peak GH responses to dual-peptidyl agonists were greater in @entity1 than in @entity1 (P = 0.016). E(2)/T augmented peak GH recovery during saline infusion (P < 0.001). Approximate entropy analysis corroborated independent effects of sex @entity134 treatment (P = 0.012) and peptide infusion (P < 0.001) on GH regularity. In summary, sex difference, sex @entity134 supplementation, and combined peptide drive influence nadir, peak, and entropic measurements of GH release under controlled negative feedback. To the degree that the pharmacological sex @entity134 , GH, and dual-peptide clamps provide prephysiological regulatory insights, these outcomes suggest major determinants of pulsatile GH secretion in the feedback domain.

title: Complex regulation of GH autofeedback under dual-peptide drive: studies under a pharmacological GH and sex XXXX clamp.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hip arthroplasty frequently requires potent postoperative @entity1337 , often provided with an epidural or posterior lumbar plexus local anesthetic infusion. However, American Society of Regional Anesthesia guidelines now recommend against epidural and continuous posterior lumbar plexus blocks during administration of various perioperative anticoagulants often administered after hip arthroplasty. A continuous femoral @entity616 is a possible analgesic alternative, but whether it provides comparable @entity1337 to a continuous posterior lumbar @entity616 after hip arthroplasty remains unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that differing the catheter insertion site (femoral versus posterior lumbar plexus) after hip arthroplasty has no impact on postoperative @entity1337 . METHODS: Preoperatively, subjects undergoing hip arthroplasty were randomly assigned to receive either a femoral or a posterior lumbar plexus stimulating catheter inserted 5 to 15 cm or 0 to 1 cm past the needle tip, respectively. Postoperatively, @entity1 received perineural @entity1342 , 0.2% (basal 6 mL/hr, bolus 4 mL, 30-minute lockout) for at least 2 days. The primary end point was the average daily @entity158 scores as measured with a numeric rating scale (0-10) recorded in the 24-hour period beginning at 07:30 the morning after surgery, excluding twice-daily physical therapy sessions. Secondary end points included @entity158 during physical therapy, ambulatory distance, and supplemental analgesic requirements during the same 24-hour period, as well as satisfaction with @entity1337 during hospitalization. RESULTS: The mean (SD) @entity158 scores for subjects receiving a femoral infusion (n = 25) were 3.6 (1.8) versus 3.5 (1.8) for @entity1 receiving a posterior lumbar plexus infusion (n = 22), resulting in a group difference of 0.1 (95% confidence interval -0.9 to 1.2; P = 0.78). Because the confidence interval was within a prespecified -1.6 to 1.6 range, we conclude that the effect of the 2 analgesic techniques on @entity282 was equivalent. Similarly, we detected no differences between the 2 treatments with respect to the secondary end points, with one exception: subjects with a femoral catheter ambulated a median (10th-90th percentiles) 2 (0-17) m the morning after surgery, in comparison with 11 (0-31) m for subjects with a posterior lumbar plexus catheter (data nonparametric; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: After hip arthroplasty, a continuous femoral @entity616 is an acceptable analgesic alternative to a continuous posterior lumbar @entity616 when using a stimulating perineural catheter. However, early ambulatory ability suffers with a femoral infusion.

title: Continuous femoral versus posterior lumbar plexus nerve blocks for XXXX after hip arthroplasty: a randomized, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['plexus block', 'nerve block']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: Macroautophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that is crucial for organ homeostasis in mammals. However, methods to directly measure macroautophagic activity (or flux) in vivo are limited. In this study we developed a quantitative macroautophagic flux assay based on measuring @entity33688 protein turnover in vivo after administering the protease inhibitor @entity14630 . Using this assay we then characterized basal macroautophagic flux in different @entity19 organs. We found that the rate of @entity33688 accumulation after @entity14630 treatment was greatest in the liver and lowest in spleen. Interestingly we found that @entity22227 , an @entity33688 / @entity33688 homologue and the @entity33688 -interacting protein @entity18133 were degraded with similar kinetics to @entity33688 . However, the @entity33688 -related proteins @entity73020 and @entity73021 were not rapidly turned over in @entity19 liver, implying that different @entity33688 homologues may contribute to macroautophagy via distinct mechanisms. Nutrient starvation augmented macroautophagic flux as measured by our assay, while refeeding the animals after a period of starvation significantly suppressed flux. We also confirmed that beclin 1 heterozygous @entity19 had reduced basal macroautophagic flux compared to wild-type littermates. These results illustrate the usefulness of our @entity14630 -based assay for studying the dynamics of macroautophagy in @entity19 .

title: Characterization of macroautophagic flux in vivo using a XXXX -based assay.

entities_list: @entity14630 :: ('MESH:C032854', 'Chemical') :: ['leupeptin']

answer: @entity14630 :: (MESH:C032854,Chemical) :: ['leupeptin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Biologically variable ventilation improves lung function in acute @entity649 models. If enhanced recruitment is responsible for these results, then biologically variable ventilation might promote distribution of exogenous surfactant to nonaerated areas. Our objectives were to confirm model predictions of enhanced recruitment with biologically variable ventilation using computed tomography and to determine whether surfactant replacement with biologically variable ventilation provides additional benefit in a porcine @entity3952 injury model. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental animal investigation. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: @entity12526 . INTERVENTIONS: Standardized @entity3952 @entity651 in @entity1707 randomized to conventional mechanical ventilation or biologically variable ventilation with or without green dye labeled surfactant replacement. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Computed tomography-derived total and regional masses and volumes were determined at injury and after 4 hrs of ventilation at the same average low tidal volume and minute ventilation. Hemodynamics, gas exchange, and lung mechanics were determined hourly. Surfactant distribution was determined in postmortem cut lung sections. Biologically variable ventilation alone resulted in 7% recruitment of nonaerated regions (p < .03) and 15% recruitment of nonaerated and poorly aerated regions combined (p < .04). Total and normally aerated regional volumes increased significantly with biologically variable ventilation, biologically variable ventilation with surfactant replacement, and conventional mechanical ventilation with surfactant replacement, while poorly and nonaerated regions decreased after 4 hrs of ventilation with biologically variable ventilation alone (p < .01). Biologically variable ventilation showed the greatest improvement (p < .003, biologically variable ventilation vs. all other groups). Hyperaerated regional gas volume increased significantly with biologically variable ventilation, biologically variable ventilation with surfactant replacement, and conventional mechanical ventilation with surfactant replacement. Biologically variable ventilation was associated with restoration of respiratory compliance to preinjury levels and significantly greater improvements in gas exchange at lower peak airway pressures compared to all other groups. Paradoxically, gas exchange and lung mechanics were impaired to a greater extent initially with biologically variable ventilation with surfactant replacement. Peak airway pressure was greater in surfactant-treated animals with either ventilation mode. Surfactant was distributed to the more caudal/injured lung sections with biologically variable ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative computed tomography analysis confirms lung recruitment with biologically variable ventilation in a porcine @entity3952 injury model. Surfactant replacement with biologically variable ventilation provided no additional recruitment benefit and may in fact be harmful.

title: Quantitative computed tomography in porcine XXXX with variable versus conventional ventilation: recruitment and surfactant replacement.

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity12526 :: ('9825', 'Species') :: ['Domestic pigs']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8770 and @entity8193 are common in adults with acute severe @entity565 however only a few cases have been reported in @entity1 . Type A @entity8193 is associated with impaired @entity26 delivery; type B occurs in the presence of normal @entity26 delivery and has been described to occur with excessive adrenergic stimulation. Type A and B @entity8193 can be distinguished by the blood @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio. Our objectives are to 1) investigate the incidence of @entity8770 and @entity8193 in @entity1 with acute severe @entity565 , and 2) determine whether @entity880 elevation is type A or B. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: University-affiliated tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. @entity1 : All @entity1 (n = 105) with acute severe @entity565 admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit between @entity4456 , 2008 and November 30, 2009 were included. INTERVENTIONS: Blood @entity880 concentration was measured on a blood gas analyzer for all blood gas assessments obtained for clinical care. @entity8770 was defined as @entity880 >2.2 mmol/L and @entity8193 as @entity880 >5 mmol/L and pH <7.35. If @entity880 concentration was >5 mmol/L, consent was requested for measuring blood @entity880 and @entity2388 using enzymatic laboratory methods. @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio >25:1 indicated type A @entity8193 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eighty-seven (83%) @entity1 had @entity880 >2.2 mmol/L and 47 (45%) had @entity880 >5 mmol/L. Of those with @entity880 >5 mmol/L, 33 (70%) had corresponding blood pH <7.35. @entity880 / @entity2388 ratios were obtained for 16 @entity1 . Of these, @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio was <10 in three @entity1 ; 10-25 in 11; >25 in one; and indeterminate in one. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8193 is common in @entity1 with acute severe @entity565 and is primarily type B occurring in the presence of normal @entity26 delivery.

title: Mechanism of @entity8193 in @entity1 with acute severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8770 :: ('MESH:D065906', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlactatemia', 'Hyperlactatemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis', 'Lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8770 and @entity8193 are common in adults with acute severe @entity565 however only a few cases have been reported in @entity1 . Type A @entity8193 is associated with impaired @entity26 delivery; type B occurs in the presence of normal @entity26 delivery and has been described to occur with excessive adrenergic stimulation. Type A and B @entity8193 can be distinguished by the blood @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio. Our objectives are to 1) investigate the incidence of @entity8770 and @entity8193 in @entity1 with acute severe @entity565 , and 2) determine whether @entity880 elevation is type A or B. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: University-affiliated tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. @entity1 : All @entity1 (n = 105) with acute severe @entity565 admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit between @entity4456 , 2008 and November 30, 2009 were included. INTERVENTIONS: Blood @entity880 concentration was measured on a blood gas analyzer for all blood gas assessments obtained for clinical care. @entity8770 was defined as @entity880 >2.2 mmol/L and @entity8193 as @entity880 >5 mmol/L and pH <7.35. If @entity880 concentration was >5 mmol/L, consent was requested for measuring blood @entity880 and @entity2388 using enzymatic laboratory methods. @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio >25:1 indicated type A @entity8193 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eighty-seven (83%) @entity1 had @entity880 >2.2 mmol/L and 47 (45%) had @entity880 >5 mmol/L. Of those with @entity880 >5 mmol/L, 33 (70%) had corresponding blood pH <7.35. @entity880 / @entity2388 ratios were obtained for 16 @entity1 . Of these, @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio was <10 in three @entity1 ; 10-25 in 11; >25 in one; and indeterminate in one. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8193 is common in @entity1 with acute severe @entity565 and is primarily type B occurring in the presence of normal @entity26 delivery.

title: Mechanism of XXXX in @entity1 with acute severe @entity565 .

answer: @entity8193 :: (MESH:D000140,Disease) :: ['lactic acidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8770 and @entity8193 are common in adults with acute severe @entity565 however only a few cases have been reported in @entity1 . Type A @entity8193 is associated with impaired @entity26 delivery; type B occurs in the presence of normal @entity26 delivery and has been described to occur with excessive adrenergic stimulation. Type A and B @entity8193 can be distinguished by the blood @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio. Our objectives are to 1) investigate the incidence of @entity8770 and @entity8193 in @entity1 with acute severe @entity565 , and 2) determine whether @entity880 elevation is type A or B. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: University-affiliated tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. @entity1 : All @entity1 (n = 105) with acute severe @entity565 admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit between @entity4456 , 2008 and November 30, 2009 were included. INTERVENTIONS: Blood @entity880 concentration was measured on a blood gas analyzer for all blood gas assessments obtained for clinical care. @entity8770 was defined as @entity880 >2.2 mmol/L and @entity8193 as @entity880 >5 mmol/L and pH <7.35. If @entity880 concentration was >5 mmol/L, consent was requested for measuring blood @entity880 and @entity2388 using enzymatic laboratory methods. @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio >25:1 indicated type A @entity8193 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eighty-seven (83%) @entity1 had @entity880 >2.2 mmol/L and 47 (45%) had @entity880 >5 mmol/L. Of those with @entity880 >5 mmol/L, 33 (70%) had corresponding blood pH <7.35. @entity880 / @entity2388 ratios were obtained for 16 @entity1 . Of these, @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio was <10 in three @entity1 ; 10-25 in 11; >25 in one; and indeterminate in one. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8193 is common in @entity1 with acute severe @entity565 and is primarily type B occurring in the presence of normal @entity26 delivery.

title: Mechanism of @entity8193 in XXXX with acute severe @entity565 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Between 1984 and 2000 in the Thoracic Surgery Centre pneumonectomies were performed in 947 @entity1 . @entity3509 ( @entity3509 ) occurred in 67 (7%) @entity1 . The aim of this paper were: analysis the reasons of postpneumonectomy @entity3509 appearance, defined bacterial flora, clinical course and optimal management. The causes of @entity3509 were: pleural cavity haematoma (20 @entity1 -29.8%), wound suppuration (18 @entity1 -26.8%), @entity9131 (31 @entity1 -46.2%). These complications appeared singly or together in 49 (73.1%) @entity1 . In 2 (3.0%) @entity1 a long treatment in the Intensive Care Unit because of @entity86 was the cause of @entity281 . In 3 (4.5%) cases the cause of @entity3509 was associated with @entity281 during the operation. In 13(19.4%) cases the cause of @entity3509 was not established. In 55 @entity1 @entity281 of pleural cavities were diagnosed in the first 8 weeks after operations. In 12 @entity1 @entity3509 were established later. 12 (17.9%) @entity1 died during the analyzed 1 year period after operation. In 18 (26.9%) @entity1 @entity281 were caused by only one bacterial strain and in 49 (73.1%) by two or three bacterial strains. The different methods of treatment (thoracentesis, drainage, operation) depending on general condition of @entity1 were done.

title: [Post-pneumonectomy XXXX : causes, clinical course, management].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'Postpneumonectomy empyema', 'empyemas', 'empyema']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative shock']

entities_list: @entity9131 :: ('MESH:D001983', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial fistula']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyemas']


abstract: @entity4327 still comprises an important therapeutic problem despite the availability of effective antibiotic therapy. This disorder is characterised by 20% mortality rate. Moreover, the involvement of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains may pose a risk of a nosocomial spread to other hospitalised @entity1 . In the present study we have analysed 184 bacterial strains isolated from 63 @entity1 with @entity4327 . A predominance of aerobic bacteria was detected, both Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli. Staphylococci isolated from the clinical samples were characterised by a high percentage of strains resistant to @entity801 (86.3%) and @entity3256 (38.2%). The other important etiological agents were @entity796 and Gram-negative enteric rods of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Only 1 strain of anaerobic bacteria was detected. The enteric bacilli were characterised by a low percentage of isolates susceptible to most of the tested antibiotics (< 60%), with an exception of @entity2177 (68%) and @entity2892 (100%). These multi-drug resistant strains may spread nosocomially to other @entity1 .

title: [Etiologic factors of XXXX as a potential source of nosocomial infections].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['pleural empyema', 'Pleural empyema']

answer: @entity4327 :: (MESH:D016724,Disease) :: ['pleural empyema']


abstract: In this study, we aimed to disclose the net effect of long-term (6-month) @entity1397 treatment as compared to that of short-term (1-month) treatment in the poststenting period. A total of 278 @entity1 with successful stent implantation were involved in the study. After preloading with 300 mg of @entity1397 orally (p.o.) 24 h prior to the procedure, randomly selected @entity1 were given either 75 mg p.o. for 1 month (group A) or 75 mg p.o. for 6 months (group B). The @entity1 were followed up clinically and underwent control angiography at 6 months regardless of their clinical status to delineate the coronary anatomy and assess quantitative computer-assisted (QCA) analysis. In 140 (50.4%) @entity1 (group A), 244 (50.6%) stents were used to treat 237 coronary lesions, and in 138 @entity1 (group B), 238 (49.4%) stents were used to treat 238 coronary lesions. There was no difference between the groups with respect to any of the clinical characteristics, intracoronary thrombus, antiaggregant therapy, the type of lesion, vessel score index, and baseline QCA parameters. In 62 @entity1 @entity256 (ISR) was determined with no statistical difference between the groups (group A: 20.7% vs group B: 23.9%, P = not significance). There was also no difference between the two groups at 6 months regarding QCA parameters. Thirty-seven of the 62 @entity1 with @entity256 have developed major adverse coronary events such as @entity204 , @entity583 , and target vessel revascularization (group A: 12.9% vs group B: 13.8%, P = not significant). In @entity1 with @entity301 , in the poststenting period, 6-month @entity1397 use as an adjunct to @entity117 has shown no benefit over 1 month use with respect to clinical outcome and angiographic outcome, such as @entity256 rate, follow-up, minimal luminal diameter, late loss, lost index, and net gain.

title: A comparison of 1-month and 6-month XXXX therapy on clinical and angiographic outcome after stent implantation.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['chronic coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'binary in-stent restenosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surrogate, nonbeverage @entity4313 , provide a cheap and concentrated source of @entity1068 for drinking that has been associated with premature mortality. The aim of this study was to provide the first estimate of the prevalence of surrogate @entity167 consumption in a national population sample of Estonia. METHODS: The Estonian Health Interview Survey conducted in 2006 to 2007 was a nationally representative sample of the population aged 15 to 84 years (N = 6,370). The age-standardized percentage prevalences of ever having drunk surrogates were estimated. The association of age, ethnicity, and education with the prevalence of surrogate drinking was estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Of all respondents who reported drinking at least once in their lifetime (N = 5,423), 65% had consumed @entity167 during the previous 4 weeks. In this group (N = 3,525), the age-standardized prevalence rate of surrogate drinking was 1.4% (2.3% @entity1 , 0.3% @entity1 ). Among @entity1 , surrogate drinking was rare under the age of 35 years (0.3%). Ethnicity and education were both related to surrogate drinking: relative to Estonian @entity1 , non-Estonians (mainly Russians) had an odds ratio (OR) for surrogate drinking (adjusted for age and education) of 2.58 (95% CI 1.41, 4.72), while relative to those with higher education those with secondary education had an OR (adjusted for age and ethnicity) of 2.28 (0.78, 6.67) and those with basic education an OR of 3.91 (1.29, 11.84). CONCLUSION: Surrogate @entity4313 are drunk in Estonia, particularly among @entity1 . This behavior shows pronounced variation in prevalence by ethnicity and education. Reducing consumption of these substances needs to be part of any strategy to reduce the burden of @entity167 -related problems in Estonia today.

title: Surrogate XXXX drinking in Estonia.

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1619 event is a well-known trigger of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). We propose a method to estimate the risk of @entity1619 event from the inter-beat (RR) intervals based on modeled @entity1162 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the Spontaneous @entity1165 Database and the HAWAI Registry, which include a total of 397 RR interval recordings from 116 implantable cardioverter defibrillator @entity1 . For each RR interval time series, QT intervals were estimated from the weighted average of preceding RR intervals using Bazett, Fridericia, and linear formulas. The risk score (RS) of each cycle was calculated to quantify the probability of @entity1619 event based on the timing of R-wave relative to the estimated T-end. We identified 52,440 ectopic beats (EBs) episodes, 280 nonsustained @entity1165 (NSVT) episodes, and 352 sustained @entity1165 / @entity2224 episodes. The RS of episode onset and the prematurity index (PMI) of the initiating beat were compared. RESULTS: Using different QT-RR models, @entity1619 events were respectively detected in 9% EB, 45% NSVT, 69% @entity1165 / @entity2224 (Bazett); in 6% EB, 41% NSVT, 65% @entity1165 / @entity2224 (Fridericia); and in 7% EB, 42% NSVT, 66% @entity1165 / @entity2224 (linear). No @entity1619 event was found in normal beats. Consistent among three QT-RR models, the RS of episode onset rises sharply from EB to NSVT and to @entity1165 / @entity2224 episodes. In contrast, no trend in PMI is found. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity1619 can be estimated from RR intervals, based on modeled @entity1162 . An episode onset with higher RS has increased risk of developing into NSVT or @entity1165 / @entity2224 .

title: Risk assessment of XXXX event based on modeled @entity1162 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia', 'Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT-RR relationship']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['R-on-T']