abstract: The effects of intravenous infusion of hypertonic @entity1219 , @entity969 , @entity413 , @entity1133 , or isotonic @entity1219 solution on thirst and plasma @entity5463 concentration (AVP) were studied in five conscious @entity235 . The changes in osmolality and @entity1372 concentration of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured at the threshold of drinking, or after 45 min if no drinking occurred. @entity4372 @entity1219 and @entity969 stimulated drinking in all @entity235 and significantly elevated plasma AVP. Equally hypertonic @entity413 , @entity1133 , or isotonic @entity1219 failed to stimulate any drinking or vasopressin secretion. All hypertonic solutions caused significant and similar increases in the osmolality and @entity1372 concentration of CSF. Plasma osmolality was increased by the hypertonic solutions. Plasma @entity1372 was increased by hypertonic @entity1219 , decreased by @entity969 and @entity413 , and not changed by @entity1133 . Isotonic @entity1219 had no effect on either plasma or CSF composition. These data are not consistent with either a @entity1372 or an osmoreceptor mechanism located within the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or with a peripheral @entity1372 receptor mechanism. An intracranial osmoreceptor located on the blood side of the BBB is proposed to explain these results.

title: Thirst and vasopressin release in the @entity235 : an osmoreceptor or XXXX receptor mechanism?

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: Dark luminescence, defined as the ability of completely relaxed (dark-adapted) photosynthetic systems to emit light, has been studied in Chlorella. Three main effects have been demonstrated. @entity11079 elicits a weak emission LD of very long lifetime (several minutes); it is believed to result from a negative shift of redox potential of the secondary System II electron acceptor B producing in some centers a state Q- (reduced primary acceptor), as postulated by Velthuys and Amesz ((1974 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 333, 85--94), which can recombine with an oxidizing equivalent in a state S2 present in very small amount. As in photoinduced luminescence, this recombination excites chlorophyll which then emits light. A much stronger emission LH is observed after injection of @entity274 . Both signals are modified or suppressed by treatments specific of the @entity26 emission system, such as: thermal denaturation at 50 degrees C, @entity14786 , etc. In addition, a weak, permanent background luminescence L0 has been observed; like LD and and LH, it is a System II property and requires the integrity of the @entity26 -evolving system. It is believed to reflect a very slow back flow of electrons from an endogeneous reductant pool to @entity26 through part of the photosynthetic chain. Using flash preillumination, it is demonstrated that @entity274 is able to oxidize S0 into S2, the latter giving rise to LH; @entity274 does not act on S1 (or much less). The reactive site of @entity274 seems to be the same as the binding site of @entity14786 . Evidence is given that the strong LH signal in particular reveals a stable, low pH of the intrathylakoid phase in Chlorella.

title: A study of dark luminescence in Chlorella. Background luminescence, XXXX -triggered luminescence and hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence.

entities_list: @entity11079 :: ('MESH:D004237', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(-3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity11079 :: (MESH:D004237,Chemical) :: ['3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea']


abstract: Studies were performed to synchronize L1210 @entity5 cells in S phase in an effort to maximize the effect of subsequent pulse dose chemotherapy. @entity1862 (HU) was administered by continuous iv infusion 5 days after @entity5 implantation. Perturbation effects on the S-phase cells were measured by serial @entity665 labeling indices. Effects on cell-cycle progression were measured by DNA content distribution analysis using flow cytometry. Synchronization of @entity5 cells was achieved with HU infusion (48 mg/kg/hour x 24 hours), resulting in 90% of the cells in S phase. Following infusion, synchronous progression of S-phase cells into G2/M and then G1 was apparent from +0 to +10 hours later. The susceptibility of HU-synchronized cells to subsequent chemotherapy was determined by treating @entity19 with @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ), @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), or @entity632 (ADR) pulse doses at various intervals following infusion. Synergy, measured by prolongation of survival times, resulted when @entity2592 was administered immediately after the end of the infusion. Survival times then decreased as the fraction of cells in S phase decreased. In contrast, the survival times of @entity19 treated with @entity1500 or ADR pulse doses after HU infusion were additive at best and did not correlate with fluctuations in the S phase compartment. Therefore, prior synchronization of @entity5 cells in S phase was therapeutically advantageous when coupled with appropriately timed @entity2592 pulse doses. There was little advantage in combining HU infusion with subsequent @entity1500 or ADR therapy.

title: Synchronization of L1210 leukemia with XXXX infusion and the effect of subsequent pulse dose chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['tritiated thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside', 'Ara-C']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: The ability of @entity230 to modulate the appearance of Interleukin-1( @entity5003 ) in vivo was evaluated in a model of endotoxin shock. High levels of @entity5003 were found in serum from A/J @entity19 which were sensitized with @entity5478 and challenged with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The factor appeared in the serum 2-4 hours after LPS challenge and was dependent on the period of @entity5478 sensitization and the dose of LPS. Treating the @entity19 with @entity619 prior to LPS challenge resulted in significantly lower thymocyte proliferative activity in the serum. Three experiments demonstrated that this reduced activity reflects a decrease in @entity28895 ) The reduced activity was not due to the presence of proliferation inhibitors since mixing the serum from @entity619 -treated @entity19 with purified @entity5003 or adding the equivalent amount of @entity134 directly to thymocyte cultures did not reduce the degree of proliferation. 2) When the serum was fractionated by gel filtration, the proliferative activity for both control and @entity134 treated sera eluted at 10-16 kilodaltons; however, the activity was nearly 50% less in the sample from @entity134 -treated @entity19 . 3) In addition to thymocyte proliferative activity, @entity5003 induces an increase in the serum titer of the acute phase protein known as serum amyloid A. Both serum- and gel-purified samples were able to induce the @entity35616 , but again the samples from @entity134 -treated @entity19 were much less active. We conclude that the factor produced in vivo has the properties of @entity5003 and that the serum titre of the factor is reduced by @entity619 treatment.

title: Reduction of serum Interleukin-1-like activity after treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: The carcinogenicity of @entity73098 (HPOP) for @entity35 pancreas was evaluated. Two-week-old male LEW @entity35 were given a single ip injection of HPOP, 160 mg/kg body weight; the @entity35 were autopsied 4, 6, or 12 months later. Histologic examination showed that the pancreata contained multiple foci of atypical acinar cells and nodules of atypical acinar cells (AACN), acinar cell @entity652 , @entity189 , and @entity189 . The incidence of @entity189 was 77%. The @entity189 were composed of poorly differentiated acinar cells and ductlike structures. Pancreatic ducts were unaffected. The prominence of AACN, the histologic type of the @entity5 , and the absence of hyperplastic changes in ductal epithelium suggest that the @entity3123 were derived from acinar cells. The incidence of @entity157 and @entity652 was similar to that of localized @entity3123 . @entity5 of other organs were less frequent. HPOP has been shown to induce @entity3123 in hamsters but has not previously been reported to be a pancreatic carcinogen in @entity35 .

title: Induction of @entity3123 in @entity35 with XXXX : histopathology.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasms', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['localized carcinomas', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity73098 :: ('MESH:C013624', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['liver cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenomas', 'adenomas']

answer: @entity73098 :: (MESH:C013624,Chemical) :: ['N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine']


abstract: The carcinogenicity of @entity73098 (HPOP) for @entity35 pancreas was evaluated. Two-week-old male LEW @entity35 were given a single ip injection of HPOP, 160 mg/kg body weight; the @entity35 were autopsied 4, 6, or 12 months later. Histologic examination showed that the pancreata contained multiple foci of atypical acinar cells and nodules of atypical acinar cells (AACN), acinar cell @entity652 , @entity189 , and @entity189 . The incidence of @entity189 was 77%. The @entity189 were composed of poorly differentiated acinar cells and ductlike structures. Pancreatic ducts were unaffected. The prominence of AACN, the histologic type of the @entity5 , and the absence of hyperplastic changes in ductal epithelium suggest that the @entity3123 were derived from acinar cells. The incidence of @entity157 and @entity652 was similar to that of localized @entity3123 . @entity5 of other organs were less frequent. HPOP has been shown to induce @entity3123 in hamsters but has not previously been reported to be a pancreatic carcinogen in @entity35 .

title: Induction of XXXX in @entity35 with @entity73098 : histopathology.

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinomas']


abstract: The carcinogenicity of @entity73098 (HPOP) for @entity35 pancreas was evaluated. Two-week-old male LEW @entity35 were given a single ip injection of HPOP, 160 mg/kg body weight; the @entity35 were autopsied 4, 6, or 12 months later. Histologic examination showed that the pancreata contained multiple foci of atypical acinar cells and nodules of atypical acinar cells (AACN), acinar cell @entity652 , @entity189 , and @entity189 . The incidence of @entity189 was 77%. The @entity189 were composed of poorly differentiated acinar cells and ductlike structures. Pancreatic ducts were unaffected. The prominence of AACN, the histologic type of the @entity5 , and the absence of hyperplastic changes in ductal epithelium suggest that the @entity3123 were derived from acinar cells. The incidence of @entity157 and @entity652 was similar to that of localized @entity3123 . @entity5 of other organs were less frequent. HPOP has been shown to induce @entity3123 in hamsters but has not previously been reported to be a pancreatic carcinogen in @entity35 .

title: Induction of @entity3123 in XXXX with @entity73098 : histopathology.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1 Fc gamma receptor-bearing lymphocytes and T cells, prepared by sorting peripheral blood lymphocytes using the B73.1 monoclonal antibody, have been cloned by limiting dilution. Although quiescent lymphocytes of either cell type were unresponsive to @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), following induction with phytohemagglutinin and/or the BSM B lymphoblastoid cell line they could be expanded in @entity1199 utilizing a mixed irradiated feeder system. Clones originating from B73.1+ lymphocytes displayed a characteristic large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology but were otherwise functionally and phenotypically heterogeneous. Of 36 clones analyzed 19 displayed significant natural killer (NK)-like activity, each clone having a target cell repertoire identical to uncloned NK effectors. Furthermore, only a minority of clones (i.e. 5) displayed significant antibody-dependent cellular @entity137 , while levels of lectin-induced cellular @entity137 were normally commensurate with a clones level of NK-like activity. No correlation was evident between the phenotype of a clone and its cytotoxic activity since of 12 cytotoxic clones phenotyped, 8 expressed the OKT3 antigen but lacked the B73.1 antigen; 2 lacked the OKT3 antigen but expressed the B73.1 antigen and one lacked both OKT3 and B73.1 antigens. In addition the expression of OKT8 and OKT4 antigens was not in any way predictive of the cytotoxic capacity of a given clone. Several clones expressing T cell associated antigens bore a phenotype that distinguished them from T cell clones insofar as T cell subset antigens were expressed in the absence of the OKT3 antigen and vice versa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A clonal analysis of XXXX peripheral blood lymphocytes displaying natural killer-like activity.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effect of a 20% albumin solution on plasma oncotic pressure, renal function and peripheral @entity4 was investigated in 30 adult @entity1 undergoing elective major abdominal surgery. Half of them received an average of 173 g of albumin between the end of the operation and the 5th postoperative day, in accordance with a standardized scheme. Otherwise the same schedules for fluid therapy and blood replacement were followed in all @entity1 . Postoperatively, serum albumin and plasma oncotic pressure were fairly normal in the albumin group, but decreased by 28% and 24% in the control group. The difference between the groups was statistically significant during the first week, but disappeared during the second week. Arm and thigh circumferences increased postoperatively to a similar extent in both groups. There were no apparent differences in circulatory variables, alveolo-arterial @entity26 tension difference, incidence of wound @entity281 or postoperative restoration of intestinal activity between the groups. Although @entity1031 occurred only in the control group, the material is too small to permit any conclusions to be drawn from the possible difference in renal function and morbidity between the groups. The limited availability and high cost of albumin require strict indications for its use. Our results so far have failed to justify routine administration of concentrated albumin postoperatively.

title: Albumin treatment following major surgery. I. Effects on plasma oncotic pressure, renal function and peripheral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['renal and thromboembolic complications']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['oedema']


abstract: 252 @entity1 and @entity1 were followed for 2 years after their first @entity293 . Each symptomatic @entity281 was determined by simple laboratory examinations as upper @entity293 . I.v. urography was done at the beginning of the follow-up and 2 years later; micturating cystourethrography was taken after the third @entity281 at the latest. @entity5450 were found in 26 @entity1 (10%), and 12 subjects (5%) developed @entity8 during the study. @entity1 , who had their first upper @entity293 before the age of 12 months, numbered 93, and 19 of them had urological @entity854 . Two @entity8 occurred among the 71 subjects with their first @entity281 after the age of 12 months. No @entity8 was detected in the 88 @entity1 and @entity1 with lower symptomatic @entity293 or asymptomatic @entity793 . The determination of the level of the @entity281 may be a useful aid in detecting the harmful scar-forming @entity293 . @entity1 with a @entity281 are at high risk, and in need of an early urological evaluation.

title: The value of level diagnosis of childhood @entity293 in predicting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal scars', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['Urological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritic infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities and 10 scars']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'urinary tract infections', 'pyelonephritic or lower urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal injury']


abstract: 252 @entity1 and @entity1 were followed for 2 years after their first @entity293 . Each symptomatic @entity281 was determined by simple laboratory examinations as upper @entity293 . I.v. urography was done at the beginning of the follow-up and 2 years later; micturating cystourethrography was taken after the third @entity281 at the latest. @entity5450 were found in 26 @entity1 (10%), and 12 subjects (5%) developed @entity8 during the study. @entity1 , who had their first upper @entity293 before the age of 12 months, numbered 93, and 19 of them had urological @entity854 . Two @entity8 occurred among the 71 subjects with their first @entity281 after the age of 12 months. No @entity8 was detected in the 88 @entity1 and @entity1 with lower symptomatic @entity293 or asymptomatic @entity793 . The determination of the level of the @entity281 may be a useful aid in detecting the harmful scar-forming @entity293 . @entity1 with a @entity281 are at high risk, and in need of an early urological evaluation.

title: The value of level diagnosis of childhood XXXX in predicting @entity8 .

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: We present 64 @entity1 with @entity548 esophageal varices who have been treated with portoazygos disconnection, devascularization of the esophagogastric junction, and esophageal transection with the button of Boerema (32 @entity1 ) and EEA stapler (32 @entity1 ). The @entity1 were treated between 1973 and 1983. Their ages ranged from 50 to 70 years. Based on @entity1 's classification, 26 (37.5%) of the @entity1 fell into class A, 35 (54.6%) in class B, and five (7.8%) in class C. These @entity1 were also divided into three subgroups: group I--21 @entity1 (32.8%) underwent emergency operations; group II--40 @entity1 (62.5%) underwent semiemergency operations; and group III--three @entity1 (4.7%) underwent elective operations. The perioperative mortality rate was 10.8%. With the Fischer exact test, we found the combined death rate of @entity1 's classes A and B to be significantly lower than that for class C @entity1 . The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 9 years (average 32.9 months) in the 80% of the @entity1 that we were able to follow. There was a 6.5% incidence of recurrent @entity360 and a 28% incidence of late @entity75 . The incidence of transitory @entity1282 was 40% when the button of Boerema was used as compared with 9% when the EEA stapler was used. The surgical approach presented herein is an attractive alternative to portosystemic decompression for @entity1 in whom @entity409 is complicated by uncontrolled @entity548 .

title: Treatment of XXXX esophageal varices by portoazygos disconnection and esophageal transection with the button of Boerema and EEA stapler: ten years' experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: @entity2643 is an amphiphilic iodinated compound that is used as a treatment for refractory @entity943 . During evaluation for possible @entity358 , a @entity1 receiving @entity2643 was noted to have an increase in the density of his liver as seen on computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the abdomen. Six additional @entity1 who were receiving @entity2643 were subsequently evaluated to ascertain the frequency of this finding. The CT density of the liver was increased in all @entity1 . Values obtained varied from 95 to 145 H, with a mean of 117 +/- 8.9 (normal, 30-70). The alkaline phosphatase was elevated in four @entity1 , but only one had an elevation of either the @entity493 or @entity492 aminotransferase. Two @entity1 underwent liver biopsies, and both revealed membranous lamellar phospholipid-containing structures within hepatocytes. Animal studies done to recreate these findings revealed that @entity2643 accumulated in the liver at concentrations 175-500 times greater than those found in serum. Quantitative measurements of @entity1496 in samples from the same liver showed that the @entity1496 levels were correspondingly elevated. In the treated animals, there was a small but statistically significant increase in the CT density of the liver, whereas the values for untreated animals were unchanged. Treatment with @entity2643 leads to an accumulation in the liver of this iodinated compound and hence an increase in the CT density of the liver. This accumulation of the drug in hepatic lysosomes apparently causes a secondary phospholipidosis.

title: Increased hepatic density and phospholipidosis due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: We describe an allele of the @entity1 glyoxalase GLO locus that encodes an enzymatically inactive form of the protein, which would not have been detected if only circulating erythrocytes and lymphocytes had been studied. The new allele is named GLO*3 and its protein product, GLO 3. Circulating blood cells of @entity53179 /GLO*3 heterozygotes have just one electrophoretic band that migrates as the normal 2-2 dimer. Lymphoblastoid cell lines and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from the same individuals have two electrophoretic bands, one with the mobility of the 2-2 dimer and one with the mobility of the 2-1 dimer that is present in @entity53179 / @entity23909 heterozygotes, but a band with the mobility of the 1-1 dimer is not present. Therefore, the GLO*3 allele encodes a monomer that has the electrophoretic mobility of @entity23909 but is enzymatically inactive unless it is combined with normal monomers in 2-3 and 1-3 heterodimers. The failure to detect the GLO 3 protein in red cells and unstimulated lymphocytes is attributed to a relatively great instability or small rate of production in those cells. Consistent with this interpretation is the reduction of GLO activity in red cells of @entity53179 /GLO*3 and @entity23909 /GLO*3 heterozygotes to 65% or less of that in normal homozygotes and heterozygotes, while the activity of GLO*3 heterozygous lymphoblastoid cells is about 80% of normal. In contrast, the GLO activity of lymphoblastoid cells that had one copy of the GLO locus deleted by gamma-irradiation was 50%-60% of normal. Our observations indicate that certain kinds of mutant alleles of the GLO locus, and perhaps other loci, may not be detected in electrophoretic surveys on circulating blood cells only. The segregation of alleles that are not expressed in circulating red and white blood cells could confuse attempts to determine parentage, as they might have in the family described here. The observations also demonstrate the feasibility of mapping @entity1 genes by using ionizing radiation to create partial chromosome deletions in cultured cells.

title: A new variant XXXX allele that is readily detectable in stimulated lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cell lines but not in circulating lymphocytes or erythrocytes.

answer: @entity23909 :: (2739,Gene) :: ['glyoxalase I']


abstract: This paper deals with the development of a mathematical model that describes @entity5 dynamics at the cellular scale. The selected case study concerns @entity694 , which originates in colorectal crypts. Cells inside the crypts are assumed to be organized according to @entity8553 and to be homogeneously mixing. A mathematical model for @entity5 progression is proposed here. This model describes the generation of multiple clonal sub-populations of cells at different progression stages in a single crypt. Asymptotic analysis and simulations are developed with an exploratory aim. The obtained results offer some insights into the role played by mutation, proliferation and differentiation phenomena on @entity5 dynamics. In particular, the acquisition of an additional growing power and a reduction for cellular differentiation seem more likely to be the driving force behind @entity105 rather than an increase in the mutation rate. The mutation rate instead seems to affect progression dynamics and @entity5 heterogeneity. The role played by cells, at different differentiation stages, in the onset and progression of @entity14 is highlighted. The results support the fact that stem cells play a key role in @entity5 development and the idea that transit-amplifying cells could also take on an active role in @entity105 .

title: A mathematical model for progression and heterogeneity in XXXX dynamics.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intra-tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity8553 :: ('MESH:C565779', 'Disease') :: ['a compartmental-like arrangement']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectum cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity1 with locally recurrent or persistent high-risk @entity521 are difficult to treat. We describe our experience using intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) after re-resection in this high-risk population. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 44 consecutive @entity1 who received IORT at our institution between April 2000 and September 2009 after gross total resection of recurrent/persistent @entity5 . Specifically, we evaluated local recurrence rates, complications, and overall survival. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 41.5 months. Median follow-up after IORT was 10.5 months. Each @entity1 received prior chemotherapy and surgery, while 94.5% had previous external beam radiation therapy. @entity4180 was amplified in 34% of @entity1 . There were no operative or postoperative deaths, and 18 @entity1 (40.9%) had @entity260 . There was a 50.4% probability of local control. @entity4180 amplification did not affect local control (local recurrence rate of 53.9% vs 52.4%, P = .89). Median overall survival was 18.7 months (95% confidence interval, 11.7-25.6 months). Mean survival for @entity4180 -amplified @entity1 was 13.0 vs 39.2 months for those without @entity4180 amplification (P = .035). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative radiation therapy after re-resection of locally recurrent/persistent @entity521 results in a reasonable rate of local control with acceptable morbidity and survival. This approach should be considered in this high-risk population.

title: Local control, survival, and operative morbidity and mortality after re-resection, and intraoperative radiation therapy for recurrent or persistent primary high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity385 is a suddenly developing temporary or often permanent @entity75 . Several candidate genes have been shown to have an impact in the pathogenesis of @entity385 . Recently, the @entity23354 polymorphism in @entity23353 ( @entity23353 ) gene has been reported to be associated with @entity385 in different racial groups, but no data is available currently in Han Chinese. Our study is to investigate the association between the @entity23353 gene polymorphism @entity23354 and the susceptibility to @entity385 in Han Chinese. METHODS: 310 controls and 342 @entity1 with classified @entity385 were performed to detect the @entity23354 alleles genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in independent case-control study. RESULTS: TG levels of subjects carrying -1131C allele were elevated compared to the subjects with -1131T allele in all @entity385 subgroups and in controls. The serum TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels did not differ between subjects with T or C alleles in each group. The overall distribution of @entity23353 @entity23354 genotype among @entity64 @entity1 and controls was significantly different (P<0.01). Frequencies of CC homozygote and C allele were significantly higher in all @entity64 subgroups than those in control group. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, logistic regression analysis showed that C allele carrier (CC+CT) of @entity23354 was an independent risk factor for all @entity64 subgroups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity23353 gene @entity23354 polymorphism is independently associated with the development of @entity385 in Chinese Han population, and CC homozygote may have a promoting effect on @entity385 .

title: Association of @entity23353 gene promoter region @entity23354 with risk of XXXX in Han Chinese.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['damage of the brain']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity385 is a suddenly developing temporary or often permanent @entity75 . Several candidate genes have been shown to have an impact in the pathogenesis of @entity385 . Recently, the @entity23354 polymorphism in @entity23353 ( @entity23353 ) gene has been reported to be associated with @entity385 in different racial groups, but no data is available currently in Han Chinese. Our study is to investigate the association between the @entity23353 gene polymorphism @entity23354 and the susceptibility to @entity385 in Han Chinese. METHODS: 310 controls and 342 @entity1 with classified @entity385 were performed to detect the @entity23354 alleles genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in independent case-control study. RESULTS: TG levels of subjects carrying -1131C allele were elevated compared to the subjects with -1131T allele in all @entity385 subgroups and in controls. The serum TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels did not differ between subjects with T or C alleles in each group. The overall distribution of @entity23353 @entity23354 genotype among @entity64 @entity1 and controls was significantly different (P<0.01). Frequencies of CC homozygote and C allele were significantly higher in all @entity64 subgroups than those in control group. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, logistic regression analysis showed that C allele carrier (CC+CT) of @entity23354 was an independent risk factor for all @entity64 subgroups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity23353 gene @entity23354 polymorphism is independently associated with the development of @entity385 in Chinese Han population, and CC homozygote may have a promoting effect on @entity385 .

title: Association of @entity23353 gene promoter region XXXX with risk of @entity64 in Han Chinese.

answer: @entity23354 :: (c|SUB|T|-1131|C,DNAMutation) :: ['-1131T>C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity385 is a suddenly developing temporary or often permanent @entity75 . Several candidate genes have been shown to have an impact in the pathogenesis of @entity385 . Recently, the @entity23354 polymorphism in @entity23353 ( @entity23353 ) gene has been reported to be associated with @entity385 in different racial groups, but no data is available currently in Han Chinese. Our study is to investigate the association between the @entity23353 gene polymorphism @entity23354 and the susceptibility to @entity385 in Han Chinese. METHODS: 310 controls and 342 @entity1 with classified @entity385 were performed to detect the @entity23354 alleles genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in independent case-control study. RESULTS: TG levels of subjects carrying -1131C allele were elevated compared to the subjects with -1131T allele in all @entity385 subgroups and in controls. The serum TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels did not differ between subjects with T or C alleles in each group. The overall distribution of @entity23353 @entity23354 genotype among @entity64 @entity1 and controls was significantly different (P<0.01). Frequencies of CC homozygote and C allele were significantly higher in all @entity64 subgroups than those in control group. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, logistic regression analysis showed that C allele carrier (CC+CT) of @entity23354 was an independent risk factor for all @entity64 subgroups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity23353 gene @entity23354 polymorphism is independently associated with the development of @entity385 in Chinese Han population, and CC homozygote may have a promoting effect on @entity385 .

title: Association of XXXX gene promoter region @entity23354 with risk of @entity64 in Han Chinese.

answer: @entity23353 :: (116519,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein A5']


abstract: Although the chronotoxicity of xenobiotics is relatively well known in mammals, the existence of daily rhythms of @entity137 and effectiveness in fish has been neglected to date. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the time (middle of the light phase [ML] versus middle of the dark phase [ @entity601 ]) of exposure to two anesthetic substances ( @entity38230 or clove oil) commonly used with fish on the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) and swimming activity of @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ). To this end, adult @entity3392 were kept under a 12 h:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle and exposed to different concentrations of the anesthetics for 15 min at ML or @entity601 . LC(50) calculations were performed using the Spearman-Karber program, whereas swimming activity was video-recorded and analyzed with specialized software. @entity3392 exhibited a mostly diurnal activity pattern (77.9% of activity occurring during daytime). The acute @entity137 and mortality caused by @entity38230 and @entity4744 varied with the time of exposure. For @entity38230 , the LC(50) was 170.6    7.4 mg/L in fish exposed at ML and 215.6    3.9 mg/L at @entity601 , whereas for @entity4744 the LC(50) was 70.3    3.1 mg/L at ML and 104.9    5.4 mg/L at @entity601 . Exposure to sublethal concentrations of @entity38230 and @entity4744 altered the swimming patterns of @entity3392 in a different manner depending on the time of exposure. Thus, the time required for decreasing swimming activity during exposure to anesthetics was shorter at ML than at @entity601 , whereas the recovery period was longer during the day. In conclusion, these results revealed that the @entity137 and effectiveness of both anesthetic substances is highest during daytime, the active phase of fish, thus suggesting a link between the daily rhythms of behavior and @entity137 .

title: Daily rhythms of XXXX and effectiveness of anesthetics ( @entity38230 and @entity4744 ) in @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Danio rerio', 'Zebrafish', 'zebrafish']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Although the chronotoxicity of xenobiotics is relatively well known in mammals, the existence of daily rhythms of @entity137 and effectiveness in fish has been neglected to date. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the time (middle of the light phase [ML] versus middle of the dark phase [ @entity601 ]) of exposure to two anesthetic substances ( @entity38230 or clove oil) commonly used with fish on the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) and swimming activity of @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ). To this end, adult @entity3392 were kept under a 12 h:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle and exposed to different concentrations of the anesthetics for 15 min at ML or @entity601 . LC(50) calculations were performed using the Spearman-Karber program, whereas swimming activity was video-recorded and analyzed with specialized software. @entity3392 exhibited a mostly diurnal activity pattern (77.9% of activity occurring during daytime). The acute @entity137 and mortality caused by @entity38230 and @entity4744 varied with the time of exposure. For @entity38230 , the LC(50) was 170.6    7.4 mg/L in fish exposed at ML and 215.6    3.9 mg/L at @entity601 , whereas for @entity4744 the LC(50) was 70.3    3.1 mg/L at ML and 104.9    5.4 mg/L at @entity601 . Exposure to sublethal concentrations of @entity38230 and @entity4744 altered the swimming patterns of @entity3392 in a different manner depending on the time of exposure. Thus, the time required for decreasing swimming activity during exposure to anesthetics was shorter at ML than at @entity601 , whereas the recovery period was longer during the day. In conclusion, these results revealed that the @entity137 and effectiveness of both anesthetic substances is highest during daytime, the active phase of fish, thus suggesting a link between the daily rhythms of behavior and @entity137 .

title: Daily rhythms of @entity137 and effectiveness of anesthetics ( @entity38230 and @entity4744 ) in XXXX ( @entity3392 ).

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: Although the chronotoxicity of xenobiotics is relatively well known in mammals, the existence of daily rhythms of @entity137 and effectiveness in fish has been neglected to date. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the time (middle of the light phase [ML] versus middle of the dark phase [ @entity601 ]) of exposure to two anesthetic substances ( @entity38230 or clove oil) commonly used with fish on the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) and swimming activity of @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ). To this end, adult @entity3392 were kept under a 12 h:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle and exposed to different concentrations of the anesthetics for 15 min at ML or @entity601 . LC(50) calculations were performed using the Spearman-Karber program, whereas swimming activity was video-recorded and analyzed with specialized software. @entity3392 exhibited a mostly diurnal activity pattern (77.9% of activity occurring during daytime). The acute @entity137 and mortality caused by @entity38230 and @entity4744 varied with the time of exposure. For @entity38230 , the LC(50) was 170.6    7.4 mg/L in fish exposed at ML and 215.6    3.9 mg/L at @entity601 , whereas for @entity4744 the LC(50) was 70.3    3.1 mg/L at ML and 104.9    5.4 mg/L at @entity601 . Exposure to sublethal concentrations of @entity38230 and @entity4744 altered the swimming patterns of @entity3392 in a different manner depending on the time of exposure. Thus, the time required for decreasing swimming activity during exposure to anesthetics was shorter at ML than at @entity601 , whereas the recovery period was longer during the day. In conclusion, these results revealed that the @entity137 and effectiveness of both anesthetic substances is highest during daytime, the active phase of fish, thus suggesting a link between the daily rhythms of behavior and @entity137 .

title: Daily rhythms of @entity137 and effectiveness of anesthetics ( @entity38230 and @entity4744 ) in @entity3392 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Danio rerio']


abstract: Although the chronotoxicity of xenobiotics is relatively well known in mammals, the existence of daily rhythms of @entity137 and effectiveness in fish has been neglected to date. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the time (middle of the light phase [ML] versus middle of the dark phase [ @entity601 ]) of exposure to two anesthetic substances ( @entity38230 or clove oil) commonly used with fish on the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) and swimming activity of @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ). To this end, adult @entity3392 were kept under a 12 h:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle and exposed to different concentrations of the anesthetics for 15 min at ML or @entity601 . LC(50) calculations were performed using the Spearman-Karber program, whereas swimming activity was video-recorded and analyzed with specialized software. @entity3392 exhibited a mostly diurnal activity pattern (77.9% of activity occurring during daytime). The acute @entity137 and mortality caused by @entity38230 and @entity4744 varied with the time of exposure. For @entity38230 , the LC(50) was 170.6    7.4 mg/L in fish exposed at ML and 215.6    3.9 mg/L at @entity601 , whereas for @entity4744 the LC(50) was 70.3    3.1 mg/L at ML and 104.9    5.4 mg/L at @entity601 . Exposure to sublethal concentrations of @entity38230 and @entity4744 altered the swimming patterns of @entity3392 in a different manner depending on the time of exposure. Thus, the time required for decreasing swimming activity during exposure to anesthetics was shorter at ML than at @entity601 , whereas the recovery period was longer during the day. In conclusion, these results revealed that the @entity137 and effectiveness of both anesthetic substances is highest during daytime, the active phase of fish, thus suggesting a link between the daily rhythms of behavior and @entity137 .

title: Daily rhythms of @entity137 and effectiveness of anesthetics ( @entity38230 and XXXX ) in @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ).

answer: @entity4744 :: (MESH:D005054,Chemical) :: ['eugenol']


abstract: Although the chronotoxicity of xenobiotics is relatively well known in mammals, the existence of daily rhythms of @entity137 and effectiveness in fish has been neglected to date. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the time (middle of the light phase [ML] versus middle of the dark phase [ @entity601 ]) of exposure to two anesthetic substances ( @entity38230 or clove oil) commonly used with fish on the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) and swimming activity of @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ). To this end, adult @entity3392 were kept under a 12 h:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle and exposed to different concentrations of the anesthetics for 15 min at ML or @entity601 . LC(50) calculations were performed using the Spearman-Karber program, whereas swimming activity was video-recorded and analyzed with specialized software. @entity3392 exhibited a mostly diurnal activity pattern (77.9% of activity occurring during daytime). The acute @entity137 and mortality caused by @entity38230 and @entity4744 varied with the time of exposure. For @entity38230 , the LC(50) was 170.6    7.4 mg/L in fish exposed at ML and 215.6    3.9 mg/L at @entity601 , whereas for @entity4744 the LC(50) was 70.3    3.1 mg/L at ML and 104.9    5.4 mg/L at @entity601 . Exposure to sublethal concentrations of @entity38230 and @entity4744 altered the swimming patterns of @entity3392 in a different manner depending on the time of exposure. Thus, the time required for decreasing swimming activity during exposure to anesthetics was shorter at ML than at @entity601 , whereas the recovery period was longer during the day. In conclusion, these results revealed that the @entity137 and effectiveness of both anesthetic substances is highest during daytime, the active phase of fish, thus suggesting a link between the daily rhythms of behavior and @entity137 .

title: Daily rhythms of @entity137 and effectiveness of anesthetics ( XXXX and @entity4744 ) in @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ).

answer: @entity38230 :: (MESH:C003636,Chemical) :: ['MS222']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is a disease characterised by both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic silencing of @entity5 suppressor genes is an early event in @entity0 and reversion of gene silencing by epigenetic reprogramming can provide clues to the mechanisms responsible for @entity5 initiation and progression. In this study we apply the reprogramming capacity of oocytes to @entity5 cells in order to study breast oncogenesis. RESULTS: We show that @entity0 cells can be directly reprogrammed by amphibian oocyte extracts. The reprogramming effect, after six hours of treatment, in the absence of DNA replication, includes DNA demethylation and removal of repressive histone marks at the promoters of @entity5 suppressor genes; also, expression of the silenced genes is re-activated in response to treatment. This activity is specific to oocytes as it is not elicited by extracts from ovulated eggs, and is present at very limited levels in extracts from @entity19 embryonic stem cells. Epigenetic reprogramming in oocyte extracts results in @entity5 cell growth under anchorage independent conditions and a @entity5 growth in @entity19 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a new method to investigate @entity5 reversion by epigenetic reprogramming. After testing extracts from different sources, we found that @entity7547 oocyte extracts possess superior reprogramming ability, which reverses epigenetic silencing of @entity5 suppressor genes and tumorigenicity of @entity0 cells in a @entity19 xenograft model. Therefore this system can be extremely valuable for dissecting the mechanisms involved in @entity5 suppressor gene silencing and identifying molecular activities capable of arresting @entity5 growth. These applications can ultimately shed light on the contribution of epigenetic alterations in @entity0 and advance the development of epigenetic therapies.

title: Epigenetic reprogramming of XXXX cells with oocyte extracts.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in tumour', 'cancer', 'reduction of cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast carcinogenesis', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity358 ( @entity358 ) was evaluated in improving right ventricular (RV) output during left heart bypass for @entity712 . In 13 @entity1707 , a 40-ml balloon was positioned within a graft anastomosed to the pulmonary artery distal to the pulmonary valve, and left heart bypass was instituted from the left atrium to the carotid artery. @entity712 was produced by an infusion of @entity1169 (range, 25 to 78 mg). In this model, RV output decreased despite volume loading to a right atrial pressure of 15 mm Hg and atrioventricular sequential pacing at 100 beats per minute. Pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation increased both RV output (from 519 +/- 76 to 1,117 +/- 110 ml/min; p less than 0.01) and RV @entity64 work (from 1.3 +/- 0.4 to 2.3 +/- 0.6 gm-m; p less than 0.01). Right atrial pressure decreased (from 15.5 +/- 0.9 to 10.7 +/- 1.0 mm Hg; p less than 0.01) in 8 of the @entity1707 studied during RV failure. In 5 @entity1707 , @entity2224 occurred without a stable model of RV failure, and there was no cardiac output before or after counterpulsation. The mechanism of action of @entity358 was studied by placing a flow probe around a large branch of the right pulmonary artery. During @entity67 caused flow through the pulmonary circulation, and ventricular systole resulted in filling of the graft. During @entity2224 , @entity661 and deflation produced only a to-and-fro movement of blood in the pulmonary artery branch without net forward flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The hemodynamic effects and mechanism of action of @entity358 in the treatment of XXXX during left heart bypass.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Global myocardial failure', 'global cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['systolic stroke']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['PABC', 'pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon inflation']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV failure, balloon inflation']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['right ventricular failure']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity358 ( @entity358 ) was evaluated in improving right ventricular (RV) output during left heart bypass for @entity712 . In 13 @entity1707 , a 40-ml balloon was positioned within a graft anastomosed to the pulmonary artery distal to the pulmonary valve, and left heart bypass was instituted from the left atrium to the carotid artery. @entity712 was produced by an infusion of @entity1169 (range, 25 to 78 mg). In this model, RV output decreased despite volume loading to a right atrial pressure of 15 mm Hg and atrioventricular sequential pacing at 100 beats per minute. Pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation increased both RV output (from 519 +/- 76 to 1,117 +/- 110 ml/min; p less than 0.01) and RV @entity64 work (from 1.3 +/- 0.4 to 2.3 +/- 0.6 gm-m; p less than 0.01). Right atrial pressure decreased (from 15.5 +/- 0.9 to 10.7 +/- 1.0 mm Hg; p less than 0.01) in 8 of the @entity1707 studied during RV failure. In 5 @entity1707 , @entity2224 occurred without a stable model of RV failure, and there was no cardiac output before or after counterpulsation. The mechanism of action of @entity358 was studied by placing a flow probe around a large branch of the right pulmonary artery. During @entity67 caused flow through the pulmonary circulation, and ventricular systole resulted in filling of the graft. During @entity2224 , @entity661 and deflation produced only a to-and-fro movement of blood in the pulmonary artery branch without net forward flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The hemodynamic effects and mechanism of action of XXXX in the treatment of @entity67 during left heart bypass.

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation']


abstract: Changes in absorbance of voltage-sensitive @entity28859 - @entity60028 dyes were used to monitor electrical responses in the semilunar ganglion of 4-10-day-old developing @entity1573 embryos. The electrical responses were simultaneously recorded from many positions in the ganglion. Stimulation of the afferent nerve fibers (the ophthalmic division of cranial nerve V) with a suction electrode led to changes in light absorption of the stained ganglia. With both the depolarizing and hyperpolarizing pulses, the change was largest at 700 nm and was eliminated at a wavelength of 620 nm where the voltage-dependent absorption change of the dyes disappears. In the 4-10-day-old @entity2085 , two types of optical membrane potential responses, 'non-conducted' and 'conducted' responses, were identified. The non-conducted response varied with the intensity of the stimulus and had the nature of an electrotonic spread. Furthermore, this non-conducted response exhibited an 'initial upstroke-response' followed by the steady-state plateau evoked by larger depolarizing pulses. The conducted responses were blocked by @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) or by high external @entity972 concentration. The incidence of the conducted responses increased as development proceeded from the 5th to the 10th day of age. Thus, the @entity4524 -sensitive action potential activity is probably generated initially in the semilunar ganglion during the 5-10-day-stage of development. These data represent the first demonstration of membrane potential responses in early embryonic intact nervous system. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate the usefulness of voltage-sensitive dyes in the analysis of the organizing process of embryonic neuronal functions during these early stages of development.

title: Optical recording of membrane potential responses from early embryonic XXXX ganglia using voltage-sensitive dyes.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic ganglia']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity60028 :: ('MESH:D012236', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodanine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity28859 :: ('MESH:C548873', 'Chemical') :: ['merocyanine']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the primary Gleason grade (GG) in @entity263 for risk of non-organ-confined disease with the goal of optimizing radiotherapy treatment option counseling. METHODS: One thousand three hundred thirty-three @entity1 with pathologic GS7 were identified in the Duke Prostate Center research database. Clinical factors including age, race, clinical stage, @entity1486 at diagnosis, and pathologic stage were obtained. Data were stratified by @entity1486 and clinical stage at diagnosis into adapted D'Amico risk groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed evaluating for association of primary GG with pathologic outcome. RESULTS: Nine hundred seventy-nine @entity1 had primary GG3 and 354 had GG4. On univariate analyses, GG4 was associated with an increased risk of non-organ-confined disease. On multivariate analysis, GG4 was independently associated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) but not extracapsular extension. @entity1 with otherwise low-risk disease and primary GG3 had a very low risk of @entity3 (4%). CONCLUSIONS: Primary GG4 in GS7 @entity5 is associated with increased risk of @entity3 compared with primary GG3. Otherwise low-risk @entity1 with GS 3+4 have a very low risk of @entity3 and may be candidates for prostate-only radiotherapy modalities.

title: Impact of primary Gleason grade on risk stratification for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Gleason score (GS) 7 prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['seminal vesicle invasion', 'SVI']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Gleason score 7 prostate cancers']


abstract: 1. Pure swards of @entity5369 ( @entity5369 . cv. Melle) or white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) were harvested daily at three and two stages of growth respectively, and offered to housed @entity291 . The grass diets comprised primary growth (May) and two later regrowths of contrasting morphology (i.e. leaf: stem values of 1.54 and 2.84 respectively), and were characterized by high contents of water-soluble @entity1735 and neutral-detergent fibre and comparable in vitro @entity62 ( @entity62 ) digestibilities (mean 0.80). Total @entity1568 content was higher on primary growth grass (34 g/kg @entity62 ) than on regrowths (23 g/kg @entity62 ) but lower than values obtained for the two clover diets (38 and 43 g/kg @entity62 , respectively). The clover diets had lower water-soluble @entity1735 contents than the grasses, comparable cellulose, but lower neutral-detergent fibre contents and in vitro @entity62 digestibilities of 0.70 and 0.77 respectively. 2. The experiment lasted from May until August, during which time a total of twenty-one young Friesian steers (initial average live weight 130 kg) were used to determine both nutrient supply to the small intestine (twelve animals) and apparent digestibility (nine animals). Each diet was offered at three levels of @entity62 intake (i.e. 18, 22 and 26 g/kg live weight). A further six steers, all fed at the rate of 22 g @entity62 /kg live weight, were used to determine the metabolizable energy contents of the five diets by means of open-circuit calorimetry. 3. The three grass diets and the later-cut clover had, as intended, quite similar in vivo organic matter digestibilities, but that of the earlier-cut clover was lower, and this was associated with a large number of flower heads in this crop at the time of feeding. 4. On the clover diets, proportionately less of the ingested organic matter appeared to be digested in the rumen (0.40) compared with the grass diets (0.58) (P less than 0.001). On the high-N primary grass and the clover diets, substantial rumen losses of N were detected (P less than 0.01) compared with regrowth grasses. 5. The metabolizable energy content of the primary growth of grass was 12.2 MJ/kg @entity62 , whilst the values for the other two grass diets were lower (11.6 MJ/kg @entity62 ), despite no marked decline in overall energy digestibility. Values for the two clover diets (mean 10.5 MJ/kg @entity62 ) were considerably lower than all values noted for the grasses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The digestion of fresh XXXX ( @entity5369 . cv. Melle) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) by growing @entity291 fed indoors.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['perennial ryegrass', 'Lolium perenne L']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity5369 :: (4522,Species) :: ['perennial ryegrass']


abstract: 1. Pure swards of @entity5369 ( @entity5369 . cv. Melle) or white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) were harvested daily at three and two stages of growth respectively, and offered to housed @entity291 . The grass diets comprised primary growth (May) and two later regrowths of contrasting morphology (i.e. leaf: stem values of 1.54 and 2.84 respectively), and were characterized by high contents of water-soluble @entity1735 and neutral-detergent fibre and comparable in vitro @entity62 ( @entity62 ) digestibilities (mean 0.80). Total @entity1568 content was higher on primary growth grass (34 g/kg @entity62 ) than on regrowths (23 g/kg @entity62 ) but lower than values obtained for the two clover diets (38 and 43 g/kg @entity62 , respectively). The clover diets had lower water-soluble @entity1735 contents than the grasses, comparable cellulose, but lower neutral-detergent fibre contents and in vitro @entity62 digestibilities of 0.70 and 0.77 respectively. 2. The experiment lasted from May until August, during which time a total of twenty-one young Friesian steers (initial average live weight 130 kg) were used to determine both nutrient supply to the small intestine (twelve animals) and apparent digestibility (nine animals). Each diet was offered at three levels of @entity62 intake (i.e. 18, 22 and 26 g/kg live weight). A further six steers, all fed at the rate of 22 g @entity62 /kg live weight, were used to determine the metabolizable energy contents of the five diets by means of open-circuit calorimetry. 3. The three grass diets and the later-cut clover had, as intended, quite similar in vivo organic matter digestibilities, but that of the earlier-cut clover was lower, and this was associated with a large number of flower heads in this crop at the time of feeding. 4. On the clover diets, proportionately less of the ingested organic matter appeared to be digested in the rumen (0.40) compared with the grass diets (0.58) (P less than 0.001). On the high-N primary grass and the clover diets, substantial rumen losses of N were detected (P less than 0.01) compared with regrowth grasses. 5. The metabolizable energy content of the primary growth of grass was 12.2 MJ/kg @entity62 , whilst the values for the other two grass diets were lower (11.6 MJ/kg @entity62 ), despite no marked decline in overall energy digestibility. Values for the two clover diets (mean 10.5 MJ/kg @entity62 ) were considerably lower than all values noted for the grasses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The digestion of fresh @entity5369 ( XXXX . cv. Melle) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) by growing @entity291 fed indoors.

answer: @entity5369 :: (4522,Species) :: ['Lolium perenne L']


abstract: 1. Pure swards of @entity5369 ( @entity5369 . cv. Melle) or white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) were harvested daily at three and two stages of growth respectively, and offered to housed @entity291 . The grass diets comprised primary growth (May) and two later regrowths of contrasting morphology (i.e. leaf: stem values of 1.54 and 2.84 respectively), and were characterized by high contents of water-soluble @entity1735 and neutral-detergent fibre and comparable in vitro @entity62 ( @entity62 ) digestibilities (mean 0.80). Total @entity1568 content was higher on primary growth grass (34 g/kg @entity62 ) than on regrowths (23 g/kg @entity62 ) but lower than values obtained for the two clover diets (38 and 43 g/kg @entity62 , respectively). The clover diets had lower water-soluble @entity1735 contents than the grasses, comparable cellulose, but lower neutral-detergent fibre contents and in vitro @entity62 digestibilities of 0.70 and 0.77 respectively. 2. The experiment lasted from May until August, during which time a total of twenty-one young Friesian steers (initial average live weight 130 kg) were used to determine both nutrient supply to the small intestine (twelve animals) and apparent digestibility (nine animals). Each diet was offered at three levels of @entity62 intake (i.e. 18, 22 and 26 g/kg live weight). A further six steers, all fed at the rate of 22 g @entity62 /kg live weight, were used to determine the metabolizable energy contents of the five diets by means of open-circuit calorimetry. 3. The three grass diets and the later-cut clover had, as intended, quite similar in vivo organic matter digestibilities, but that of the earlier-cut clover was lower, and this was associated with a large number of flower heads in this crop at the time of feeding. 4. On the clover diets, proportionately less of the ingested organic matter appeared to be digested in the rumen (0.40) compared with the grass diets (0.58) (P less than 0.001). On the high-N primary grass and the clover diets, substantial rumen losses of N were detected (P less than 0.01) compared with regrowth grasses. 5. The metabolizable energy content of the primary growth of grass was 12.2 MJ/kg @entity62 , whilst the values for the other two grass diets were lower (11.6 MJ/kg @entity62 ), despite no marked decline in overall energy digestibility. Values for the two clover diets (mean 10.5 MJ/kg @entity62 ) were considerably lower than all values noted for the grasses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The digestion of fresh @entity5369 ( @entity5369 . cv. Melle) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) by growing XXXX fed indoors.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: CONTEXT: Variability in dimensions and course of vertebral artery (VA) makes it vulnerable to injury during surgery for @entity9807 (AAD) with or without an occipitalized atlas. AIMS: This prospective study attempts to define anatomical variations that render VA at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) vulnerable to injury during transoral decompression and posterior stabilization procedures; and, to propose a classification that helps in preoperative risk stratification. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 104 @entity1 (65 with AAD; 39 controls) underwent a three-dimensional multiplanar computed tomographic angiogram to study anatomical variations in VA size, course, and anomalous medial deviation as well as in the type of axial isthmus and @entity717 /tilt at the CVJ. The VA/foramen transversarium diameter; "stretched loop" sign of VA; and C1-2 facet joint angle were also assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: A medial VA deviation that brought it in close proximity to the trajectory of the surgical approach was evaluated (P  <= 0.05 significant). RESULTS: An increased predisposition to @entity1317 was present in 23 (35.4%) @entity1 (persistent first intersegmental artery [n = 20; 30%]; fenestrated VA [n = 1; 1.53%], and low-lying posterior inferior cerebellar artery [n = 2; 3.0%]) where VA crossed the C1-2 facet joint; 8 (12%) with an anomalous medial deviation; 12 (18%) with a high-riding VA at C2 and a narrow axial isthmus; and 13 (20%) with rotation/tilt at the CVJ. A normal score of 5 was obtained in 21 @entity1 ; and a score of 6-9 (that progressively indicated an increased vulnerability of VA to @entity130 ) in 44 @entity1 . The "AAD with an occipitalized atlas" group was associated with a significant medial deviation of VA (right: P = 0.00 and left: P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A preoperative detailed risk assessment of anatomical variations in the size and course of VA at the CVJ significantly reduces chances of its @entity130 .

title: Risk stratification of vertebral artery vulnerability during surgery for XXXX with or without an occipitalized atlas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotational deformity']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['congenital atlanto-axial dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury']

answer: @entity9807 :: (MESH:C538196,Disease) :: ['congenital atlanto-axial dislocation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) disrupts the lives of many Veterans and their families, and multiple treatment options exist. Two evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs)-cognitive processing therapy ( @entity73 ) and @entity1162 ( @entity1162 )-are specifically identified by Veterans Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense clinical practice guidelines as first-line treatments. Despite the strong emphasis on training clinicians to provide these EBPs, several questions remain unaddressed. We sought to answer 3 main questions: What associated clinical features are clinicians considering as they select @entity1162 or @entity73 to treat a given @entity1 ? What exclusionary criteria are clinicians using? How helpful do clinicians find the extant literature on comorbid conditions and associated clinical features when making treatment decisions? We contacted mental health clinicians who were VA-trained in @entity73 and @entity1162 and requested participation in this online survey. We (a) identified several associated factors that clinicians use to help select between these treatments, (b) determined which associated factors or comorbidities clinicians identified as exclusionary criteria for @entity73 or @entity1162 , and (c) evaluated the perceived utility of research to practicing clinicians. We discuss factors for which clinicians reached a consensus, areas of discrepancy (e.g., substance use), and factors for which further research guidance would be beneficial (e.g., dissociation). Findings imply that VA efforts at disseminating best treatment practices and current @entity1005 research have been effective. Additionally, findings can help inform treatment guidelines and clinical trainings, as well as highlight gaps in research identified by clinicians. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Clinical treatment selection for XXXX : Suggestions for researchers and clinical trainers.

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged exposure', 'PE']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']


abstract: The Tyler Asbestos Workers Program is a continuing study of 1,105 former amosite @entity1355 workers. This report includes a study of six former workers, five of whom died and had autopsies, and one who underwent a lobectomy. Five of these @entity1 were exposed to @entity1355 for three months or less. Four had @entity2 , and one a @entity189 . All were cigarette smokers. Ferruginous ( @entity1355 ) body content of the upper and lower lobes of the lungs was quantitated by a digestion technic. Tissue sections from upper and lower lobes were independently quantitated for @entity82 and ferruginous bodies, and chest roentgenograms were examined for interstitial @entity82 . (Control lung tissue was obtained from consecutive autopsies of 52 adults who did not have a known occupational exposure to @entity1355 .) Relatively low @entity1053 counts (less than 700/g lung tissue) were associated with mild degrees of @entity82 , and higher counts (greater than 10,000/g) with moderate to severe @entity82 . Mild to moderate @entity3794 could be identified on tissue sections before interstitial changes were detectable by chest roentgenograms.

title: @entity3794 , @entity189 , and XXXX counts in amosite @entity1355 workers. A study of six cases.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['ferruginous body']

answer: @entity1053 :: (MESH:D001835,Disease) :: ['ferruginous body']


abstract: The Tyler Asbestos Workers Program is a continuing study of 1,105 former amosite @entity1355 workers. This report includes a study of six former workers, five of whom died and had autopsies, and one who underwent a lobectomy. Five of these @entity1 were exposed to @entity1355 for three months or less. Four had @entity2 , and one a @entity189 . All were cigarette smokers. Ferruginous ( @entity1355 ) body content of the upper and lower lobes of the lungs was quantitated by a digestion technic. Tissue sections from upper and lower lobes were independently quantitated for @entity82 and ferruginous bodies, and chest roentgenograms were examined for interstitial @entity82 . (Control lung tissue was obtained from consecutive autopsies of 52 adults who did not have a known occupational exposure to @entity1355 .) Relatively low @entity1053 counts (less than 700/g lung tissue) were associated with mild degrees of @entity82 , and higher counts (greater than 10,000/g) with moderate to severe @entity82 . Mild to moderate @entity3794 could be identified on tissue sections before interstitial changes were detectable by chest roentgenograms.

title: XXXX , @entity189 , and @entity1053 counts in amosite @entity1355 workers. A study of six cases.

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: The Tyler Asbestos Workers Program is a continuing study of 1,105 former amosite @entity1355 workers. This report includes a study of six former workers, five of whom died and had autopsies, and one who underwent a lobectomy. Five of these @entity1 were exposed to @entity1355 for three months or less. Four had @entity2 , and one a @entity189 . All were cigarette smokers. Ferruginous ( @entity1355 ) body content of the upper and lower lobes of the lungs was quantitated by a digestion technic. Tissue sections from upper and lower lobes were independently quantitated for @entity82 and ferruginous bodies, and chest roentgenograms were examined for interstitial @entity82 . (Control lung tissue was obtained from consecutive autopsies of 52 adults who did not have a known occupational exposure to @entity1355 .) Relatively low @entity1053 counts (less than 700/g lung tissue) were associated with mild degrees of @entity82 , and higher counts (greater than 10,000/g) with moderate to severe @entity82 . Mild to moderate @entity3794 could be identified on tissue sections before interstitial changes were detectable by chest roentgenograms.

title: @entity3794 , @entity189 , and @entity1053 counts in amosite XXXX workers. A study of six cases.

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestos']


abstract: The Tyler Asbestos Workers Program is a continuing study of 1,105 former amosite @entity1355 workers. This report includes a study of six former workers, five of whom died and had autopsies, and one who underwent a lobectomy. Five of these @entity1 were exposed to @entity1355 for three months or less. Four had @entity2 , and one a @entity189 . All were cigarette smokers. Ferruginous ( @entity1355 ) body content of the upper and lower lobes of the lungs was quantitated by a digestion technic. Tissue sections from upper and lower lobes were independently quantitated for @entity82 and ferruginous bodies, and chest roentgenograms were examined for interstitial @entity82 . (Control lung tissue was obtained from consecutive autopsies of 52 adults who did not have a known occupational exposure to @entity1355 .) Relatively low @entity1053 counts (less than 700/g lung tissue) were associated with mild degrees of @entity82 , and higher counts (greater than 10,000/g) with moderate to severe @entity82 . Mild to moderate @entity3794 could be identified on tissue sections before interstitial changes were detectable by chest roentgenograms.

title: @entity3794 , XXXX , and @entity1053 counts in amosite @entity1355 workers. A study of six cases.

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: Aural @entity1146 is a @entity66 constituted by partial or complete lack of development of the external auditory canal, which is generally associated with @entity600 of the auricle and middle ear. Reconstruction of the auditory canal and correction of any deformities of the middle ear have yielded unpredictable results and variable functional outcomes, and there is a high rate of complications. Therefore, the use of bone-conduction hearing aids, such as the Baha, may represent a valid alternative for subjects who have conductive @entity393 with cochlear reserve that, as a rule, is fully conserved. The aim of this work is to reexamine our experience with the management of conductive and mixed @entity393 using the Baha system in @entity1 with bilateral aural @entity1146 . METHODS: We examined 31 @entity1 with bilateral @entity9905 in whom a Baha system had been implanted. The @entity1 , 16 males and 15 females, were between 5 and 14 years of age (mean 8.7). The following parameters were assessed for each @entity1 : mean preoperative air and bone conduction for frequencies between 0.5 and 4kHz; mean preoperative threshold with conventional bone-conduction hearing aids; mean postoperative threshold with the Baha system; improvement in quality of life evaluated with the Glasgow @entity1 's Benefit Inventory; rate and @entity532 . RESULTS: The mean preoperative air- and bone-conduction thresholds were 51.2  12.5 and 14.1  6.3dB HL, respectively. The mean preoperative threshold with a conventional bone-conduction hearing aid was 29.3  7.2dB HL, and the mean postoperative threshold with the Baha system was 18.1  7.5dB HL. Quality of life improved for all operated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study of the Baha system to treat @entity1 with bilateral aural @entity1146 were extremely satisfactory compared both with those of surgical reconstruction of the auditory canal and those of traditional bone-conduction hearing aids. Furthermore, great improvement was noted in quality of life, while the rate of complications was very low. Therefore, we are convinced that the Baha system is the treatment of choice for @entity393 due to bilateral @entity9905 .

title: Bone-anchored hearing aids (Baha) in XXXX : personal experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disease']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['type of surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity9905 :: ('MESH:C564321', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aural atresia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity9905 :: (MESH:C564321,Disease) :: ['congenital aural atresia']


abstract: Nasal vaccination is an effective therapeutic regimen for preventing @entity1729 , while DNA vaccines represent a new approach for controlling @entity166 . Here, we examined the efficacy of nasally administered DNA vaccine on @entity1729 . A DNA plasmid encoding the P6 outer membrane protein of nontypeable @entity327 (NTHi) was constructed. @entity19 were immunized 3 times intranasally with the DNA plasmid and Matrix-M, an immunostimulatory complex adjuvant. P6-specific immune responses were examined using purified P6 protein. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) CD4(+) T cells were purified and incubated with feeder cells in the presence of P6, and the expression of cytokine mRNA was examined. In addition, NTHi challenges were performed and the level of NTHi was quantified in nasal washes. P6-specific nasal wash IgA and serum IgG were elevated following immunization with the DNA plasmid and Matrix-M. The number of specific IgA-producing cells increased in the nasal passages of the immunized @entity19 . In addition to Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression, IL-17 was detected in P6-specific NALT CD4(+) T cells. Moreover, DNA vaccination enhanced bacterial clearance. These findings suggest that a successful DNA vaccination protocol has been developed for inducing in vivo immune responses against NTHi. Nasal vaccination with P6 DNA vaccine and Matrix-M might be a new effective regimen for the induction of specific protective immunity in the upper respiratory tract.

title: Nasal immunization with plasmid DNA encoding P6 protein and immunostimulatory complexes elicits nontypeable XXXX -specific long-term mucosal immune responses in the nasopharynx.

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory infections', 'upper respiratory infection']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: This meta-analysis sets out to systematically assess the efficacy of short course radiation (SRT) for @entity5 @entity1 based on randomized, controlled trials. Eight randomized controlled trials involving 6894 @entity1 were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. Three trials (n   =   2574) compared SRT with surgery alone. Local recurrence was improved (HR   =   0.48, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.58). Overall survival was marginally improved with an HR of 0.90 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.00), but the magnitude of benefit was heterogeneous across trials. An additional three trials (n   =   3682) compared SRT with selective postoperative radiation    chemotherapy. A significant reduction of local recurrence (HR   =   0.44, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.56) was also found after SRT. However, no benefit in overall survival was observed. Moreover, two trials (n   =   638) compared SRT with long course chemoradiation. There was no statistically significant local recurrence or overall survival difference observed between the two strategies. @entity1 receiving SRT had lower grade 3 or 4 acute treatment related @entity137 (RR 0.11, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.22) whereas no difference in late @entity137 was observed. Overall, SRT is a reasonable alternative for resectable @entity5 @entity1 and should be part of an informed discussion of treatment options for this group of @entity1 .

title: Short Course Radiation in the Treatment of Localized XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A vaccine against serogroup B @entity3631 , major cause of @entity4008 in @entity1 and adults, has recently been developed. In a context of an increasing parental mistrust against vaccinations, understanding the reason for their choices is crucial in order to improve immunization coverage. Our study aimed at evaluating parental attitudes and perceptions towards serogroup B meningococcal invasive disease vaccination. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted in different French independent-practice medical offices (general practitioners and paediatricians) and nurseries between @entity4456 and December 31, 2013, using a questionnaire distributed in electronic and paper forms to parents having at least one @entity1 between the ages of 2 months and 16 years old. RESULTS: 1270 parents were included, of whom 671 (52.8%) spontaneously stated to be in favour of this vaccination. Their choice was mainly justified by the severity of the disease (63.8%) and the desire to protect their @entity1 (51.7%). In multivariate analysis, the young age of parents (OR 0.949 per additional year; p<10(-3)), the history of vaccination against serogroup C meningococcal invasive diseases (OR 6.755; p<10(-3)), and the prior knowledge of the vaccine (OR 2.081; p=0.001) were associated with vaccination acceptance. The main reasons for refusal were the lack of hindsight on this new vaccine (50.6%) and the fear of side effects (45.5%). After objective information on the disease and the vaccine, only 6.3% of the entire responding population would refuse to consider vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: The spontaneous acceptance rate of vaccination against serogroup B meningococcal invasive disease is insufficient. However, after objective information by their physician or public health authorities, only a few parents would in the end be completely resistant.

title: Vaccination against serogroup B XXXX : Perceptions and attitudes of parents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

answer: @entity3631 :: (487,Species) :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of the histological risk assessment model proposed by Brandwein-Gensler et al. in a cohort of oral @entity957 (OTSCC) @entity1 treated with definitive surgery. We also examined the impact of additional histopathological features on disease acceleration. The cases of 49 OTSCC @entity1 attending our institution between 1995 and 2009, who underwent definitive surgical resection followed by adjunct chemoradiotherapy when indicated, were reviewed retrospectively. Surgical resection specimens and complete clinical and demographic data were available for these @entity1 ; follow-up was at least 6 months. In this cohort we only identified a correlation between gender and the histopathological risk model score (P<0.001). With regard to clinical and demographic data, histopathological parameters, and disease status at last follow-up, we identified significant correlations between disease status and (1) grade of differentiation (P=0.0086), and (2) keratin score (P=0.026). We found no significant correlations between the histopathological risk assessment model and disease progression or outcomes, with the exception of gender (P<0.0001). Grade of differentiation, keratin score, and the lymphocytic host response significantly impacted disease acceleration. For OTSCC, it appears that clinical characteristics of the @entity5 as well as histopathological markers play an important role in the outcome. Efforts towards identifying predictive markers should be continued, especially by sub-site of the oral cavity.

title: XXXX of the oral tongue: histopathological parameters associated with outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['tongue squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity1689 often require surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the published evidence for Frey procedure in @entity1 with @entity1689 . METHODS: Literature search was undertaken to identify eligible studies until February 2015. Using meta-analytical techniques, Frey procedure was compared with pancreatoduodenectomy or Beger procedure, and the short- and long-term outcomes were analysed. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies comprising a total of 800 @entity1 were reviewed. The postoperative morbidity and mortality were 23.2% and 0.4% respectively. The percentage of @entity282 -relief @entity1 was 89.4%. New onset of @entity6 was present in 17.3% and 30.7% of @entity1 , respectively. Compared with pancreatoduodenectomy, Frey procedure had favorable outcomes in terms of operation time, blood transfusion, overall morbidity, length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, pancreatic function and quality of life. Compared with Beger procedure, Frey procedure had shorter operation time and lower morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Frey procedure is a safe and effective surgical procedure for @entity1689 with dilated duct in the absence of @entity5 .

title: Frey procedure for XXXX : Evidence-based assessment of short- and long-term results in comparison to pancreatoduodenectomy and Beger procedure: A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes and exocrine insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: We present a unique case of @entity1333 in one eye and impending central @entity2994 in other eye of a pregnant @entity1 , which could be an initial manifestation of Beh  et's disease. A 28-year-old, 33   weeks pregnant @entity1 presented with sudden diminution of vision in her right eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity was light perception in the right eye and 20/20 in her left eye. The fundus examination revealed @entity1333 in the right eye and impending central @entity2994 in the left eye. After a thorough initial examination, she was administered intravenous @entity1667 1   g once a day for 3   days followed by oral @entity230 . All extensive work up to find the cause of @entity1333 was negative except for positive human leukocyte antigen B51. Systemic work up was normal. On last follow-up at 6   months, the @entity1 had visual acuity of 20/60 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Her systemic work up was normal up to follow-up. She still remains a diagnostic dilemma, with Beh  et's disease as the closest diagnosis.

title: XXXX in one eye and impending CRVO in the other: a diagnostic dilemma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['frosted branch angiitis']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['Frosted branch angiitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess whether the addition of clinical Gleason score (Gs) 3+4 to the @entity263 Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) criteria affects pathologic results in @entity1 who are potentially suitable for @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) and to identify possible clinical predictors of unfavourable outcome. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty-nine @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy with complete clinical and follow-up data and who would have fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the PRIAS protocol at the time of biopsy except for the addition of biopsy Gs=3+4 and with at least 10 cores taken have been evaluated. One experienced genitourinary pathologist selected those with real Gs=3+3 and 3+4 in only one core according to the 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology criteria. The primary end point was the proportion of unfavourable outcome (nonorgan confined disease or Gs   4+3). Logistic regressions explored the association between preoperative characteristics and the primary end point. RESULTS: Two hundred and four @entity1 were evaluated and 46 (22.5%) @entity1 harboured unfavourable disease at final pathology. After a median follow-up of 73.5 months, there was no @entity5 , and 4 (2.0%) @entity1 had biochemical relapse. There were no significant differences in terms of high Gs, locally advanced disease, unfavourable disease and biochemical relapse-free survival among @entity1 with clinical Gs=3+3 vs Gs=3+4. At multivariable analysis, the presence of @entity3981 ( @entity3981 ) and lower number of core taken were independently associated with a higher risk of unfavourable disease. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of Gs=3+4 in @entity1 suitable to @entity3457 does not enhance the risk of unfavourable disease after radical prostatectomy. Additional factors such as number of cores taken and the presence of @entity3981 should be considered in @entity1 suitable for @entity3457 . @entity263 and @entity4623 advance online publication, 9 June 2015; doi:10.1038/pcan.2015.21.

title: The biopsy Gleason score 3+4 in a single core does not necessarily reflect an unfavourable pathological disease after radical prostatectomy in comparison with biopsy Gleason score 3+3: looking for larger selection criteria for XXXX candidates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-specific death']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['atypical small acinar proliferation', 'ASAP']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['Prostatic Disease']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active surveillance', 'AS']

answer: @entity3457 :: (OMIM:612348,Disease) :: ['active surveillance']


abstract: Between 1951 and 1973, 138 @entity1 aged 0 to 12 years were operated on for @entity1498 . Ten of 18 @entity1 died early. There were 3 late deaths, 2 occurred suddenly and 1 after reoperation. Three of the 125 late survivors had severe, 19 had slight symptoms, while 103 had no complaints, 3 of whom refused examination. The remaining 122 cases were examined between 2 and 24 years (mean 10.9 years) after the operation. Two @entity1 had sequelae from an operative @entity1566 and 2 had late hemipareses (traumatic in one). Recoarctation, defined as arm/leg pressure gradient exceeding mmHg, totally occurred in 18.7%, and in 4 of 7 cases operated on in infancy. @entity101 without recoarctation was observed in 17.2% and associated @entity854 in 18% of the late survivors. It is suggested that the optimal age for surgical repair of @entity1498 is between 4 and 6 years of age. A long-term follow-up is recommended in all @entity1 .

title: XXXX . A follow-up study after surgical treatment in infancy and childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['Coarctation of the aorta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity2122 ( @entity2122 ) can have a profoundly negative impact on quality of life. No comprehensive review of its management exists. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to present the best clinical evidence to guide @entity2122 management. METHODS: A systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from 1966 to 2014 for articles using the MeSH terms " @entity1119 ", "Head", "Neck" and synonymous text words. Inclusion criteria were experimental and observational studies addressing @entity2122 treatment. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality and analysed data. RESULTS: Of 833 references yielded, 27 met inclusion criteria and were analysed. Twenty-two studies evaluated T2 sympathetic ablation (Level III evidence). Outcome measures were subjective and mean follow-up was 29  months. Reported efficacy was high (70-100  %), recurrence rates were generally low (0-8  %) and complications largely transient (e.g. pneumothorax 0-1  %). However, 8-95.4  % experienced troubling @entity3190 . One randomised controlled trial and one observational study evaluated botulinum toxin A (Level Ib and III, respectively). Both employed objective outcome measures and demonstrated similar findings. Efficacy was 100  %, lasted a median of 5-6  months and frontalis muscle inhibition was the main adverse effect (50-100  %). Three studies evaluated anticholinergic therapy: topical glycopyrrolate demonstrated high efficacy (96  %) with minimal adverse effects (Level Ib) and oral @entity11440 demonstrated relatively high efficacy (80-100  %) but with noticeable adverse effects (76.6-83.6  %) (Level III). CONCLUSION: There are few quality studies evaluating @entity2122 treatment. Based on available evidence, we recommend topical glycopyrrolate, oral @entity11440 and intradermal botulinum toxin A as first-line therapies due to their efficacy and safety. T2 sympathectomy should be considered for @entity1 refractory to first-line therapy.

title: Treatment of Primary Craniofacial XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial hyperhidrosis', 'CH']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory sweating']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['Hyperhidrosis']


abstract: Staging laparotomy (multiple liver and lymph node biopsies and splenectomy) was performed at the North Carolina Baptist Hospital in 123 @entity1 with @entity978 . There were no deaths. Wound, pulmonary, intra-abdominal or urinary tract complications developed in 17 @entity1 . Of those complications, one case each of @entity530 , @entity3117 , @entity1744 , @entity298 and @entity1410 required a major intra-abdominal operation. The @entity1 were classified on the basis of histopathology; @entity4383 --40, mixed cellularity--44, lymphocyte predominant--24, lymphocyte depleted--13, and undetermined--2. The pathological stage following laparotomy was unchanged from the clinical stage in 62%, reduced in 15%, and advanced in 23%. Subsequent therapy, therefore, was altered in 38% of the @entity1 . Lymphangiography, done in 108 @entity1 , showed lymph node involvement in 46 @entity1 and no involvement in 62 @entity1 . Of those lymphangiographic findings, 79% were confirmed histopathologically, 19% were falsely positive, and 1.8% were falsely negative. There were positive findings of @entity978 in the spleen in 42% of @entity1 . The staging laparotomy continues to be a valuable tool in the staging and treatment of @entity978 .

title: Staging laparotomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3117 :: ('MESH:D013369', 'Disease') :: ['subphrenic abscess']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['subphrenic hematoma']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal peritonitis']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']