abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of artificial neural network (ANN) in predicting survival in @entity1 undergoing surgical resection for @entity189 and oesophago-gastric junction. METHODS: From January 1995 to August 2004 @entity1 who underwent surgery for oesophageal and @entity356 were identified. Biographical data, body mass index and pathological minimal @entity5 dataset were used to design an ANN. Post-operative survival was assessed at 1 and 3 years. Sixty percent of data was used to train and validate the ANN and 40% was used to evaluate the accuracy of trained ANN in predicting survival. This was compared with Union Internacional Contra la Cancrum UICC TNM classification system. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixteen @entity1 underwent resectional surgery for oesophageal and OGJ @entity189 . The accuracy of the ANN in predicting survival at 1 and 3 years was 88% (sensitivity: 92.3%, specificity: 84.5%, DP = 2.3) and 91.5% (sensitivity of 94.61%, specificity: 88%, DP = 2.72), respectively. These figures were significantly better than 1- and 3-year survival predictions using the UICC TNM classification system 71.6% (sensitivity of 66.4%, specificity: 75.5%, and @entity6291 ) and 74.7% (sensitivity of 70.5%, specificity: 74.9%, @entity6291 ), respectively (P < 0.01) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ANNs are superior to the UICC TNM classification system in correlating with survival following resection of @entity189 and OG junction and can become valuable tools in the management of @entity1 with @entity189 .

title: Prediction of survival from XXXX and oesophago-gastric junction following surgical resection using an artificial neural network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of oesophagus', 'carcinoma', 'oesophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of oesophagus']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: For extracranial @entity2758 of the head and neck (HNAVMs), in which the nidus was accessible via the percutaneous route, @entity1068 sclerotherapy was a feasible and safe first-line treatment, although successful outcomes were obtained for only about half of the subjects. For other HNAVMs, surgical excision with embolization may be the best choice of treatment. OBJECTIVE: To suggest a treatment protocol for @entity1 with HNAVMs by comparing the treatment outcomes and complications of @entity1068 sclerotherapy with those of surgical excision combined with embolization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 who had been diagnosed with HNAVM and treated between 1995 and 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1068 sclerotherapy, surgical excision and embolization were used as treatments, either alone or in various combinations. The treatment outcomes and complications with the different modalities were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity1068 sclerotherapy was used for 12 cases, with a success rate of 50.0% and a permanent complication rate of 8.3%. Surgical excision combined with embolization was used for 13 @entity1 . Although all @entity1 achieved successful resolution of their HNAVM after surgical excision, 15.4% suffered from permanent complications. In total, 16/20 @entity1 (80.0%) eventually achieved a > or = 75% reduction in the size of their lesions.

title: Treatment for extracranial XXXX of the head and neck.

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanol', 'Ethanol']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: Despite advances in the detection and treatment of @entity2 , the prognosis for @entity1 with @entity2 is poor, partly as a result of recurrences. We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between recurrence and survival in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), and the promoter methylation of @entity986 , @entity4191 , @entity21900 , H-cadherin, and RARbeta2 genes to identify a prognostic molecular marker associated with the recurrence of @entity1149 . Methylation status from 335 paraffin blocks was determined by methylation-specific PCR. Of the 335 @entity1149 samples, promoter methylation was detected in 35% for @entity986 , 39% for RARbeta2, 42% for H-cadherin, 7% for @entity4191 , and 21% for @entity21900 . Recurrence was observed in 39% (132 of 335) of the @entity1 . Recurrence was significantly associated with histology (P = 0.001) and pathologic stage (P = 0.009). Hypermethylation of any single gene was not associated with recurrence in @entity1 . However, cohypermethylation of @entity986 and @entity21900 genes in stage I NSCLCs was associated with an increased risk of recurrence [odds ratio, 6.43; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-20.19; P = 0.02] and poor recurrence-free survival after surgery (hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.09-6.23; P = 0.02). In addition, their survival after recurrence was also 4.62 times poorer (95% CI, 1.27-16.48; P = 0.005) than for those without cohypermethylation of both genes. In conclusion, the present study suggests that cohypermethylation of @entity986 and @entity21900 genes in @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 may be a valuable biomarker for predicting the recurrence-associated prognosis of the disease.

title: Cohypermethylation of @entity986 and @entity21900 promoters as a prognostic factor of recurrence in surgically resected stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Despite advances in the detection and treatment of @entity2 , the prognosis for @entity1 with @entity2 is poor, partly as a result of recurrences. We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between recurrence and survival in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), and the promoter methylation of @entity986 , @entity4191 , @entity21900 , H-cadherin, and RARbeta2 genes to identify a prognostic molecular marker associated with the recurrence of @entity1149 . Methylation status from 335 paraffin blocks was determined by methylation-specific PCR. Of the 335 @entity1149 samples, promoter methylation was detected in 35% for @entity986 , 39% for RARbeta2, 42% for H-cadherin, 7% for @entity4191 , and 21% for @entity21900 . Recurrence was observed in 39% (132 of 335) of the @entity1 . Recurrence was significantly associated with histology (P = 0.001) and pathologic stage (P = 0.009). Hypermethylation of any single gene was not associated with recurrence in @entity1 . However, cohypermethylation of @entity986 and @entity21900 genes in stage I NSCLCs was associated with an increased risk of recurrence [odds ratio, 6.43; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-20.19; P = 0.02] and poor recurrence-free survival after surgery (hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.09-6.23; P = 0.02). In addition, their survival after recurrence was also 4.62 times poorer (95% CI, 1.27-16.48; P = 0.005) than for those without cohypermethylation of both genes. In conclusion, the present study suggests that cohypermethylation of @entity986 and @entity21900 genes in @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 may be a valuable biomarker for predicting the recurrence-associated prognosis of the disease.

title: Cohypermethylation of XXXX and @entity21900 promoters as a prognostic factor of recurrence in surgically resected stage I @entity1149 .

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16']


abstract: Despite advances in the detection and treatment of @entity2 , the prognosis for @entity1 with @entity2 is poor, partly as a result of recurrences. We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between recurrence and survival in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), and the promoter methylation of @entity986 , @entity4191 , @entity21900 , H-cadherin, and RARbeta2 genes to identify a prognostic molecular marker associated with the recurrence of @entity1149 . Methylation status from 335 paraffin blocks was determined by methylation-specific PCR. Of the 335 @entity1149 samples, promoter methylation was detected in 35% for @entity986 , 39% for RARbeta2, 42% for H-cadherin, 7% for @entity4191 , and 21% for @entity21900 . Recurrence was observed in 39% (132 of 335) of the @entity1 . Recurrence was significantly associated with histology (P = 0.001) and pathologic stage (P = 0.009). Hypermethylation of any single gene was not associated with recurrence in @entity1 . However, cohypermethylation of @entity986 and @entity21900 genes in stage I NSCLCs was associated with an increased risk of recurrence [odds ratio, 6.43; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-20.19; P = 0.02] and poor recurrence-free survival after surgery (hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.09-6.23; P = 0.02). In addition, their survival after recurrence was also 4.62 times poorer (95% CI, 1.27-16.48; P = 0.005) than for those without cohypermethylation of both genes. In conclusion, the present study suggests that cohypermethylation of @entity986 and @entity21900 genes in @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 may be a valuable biomarker for predicting the recurrence-associated prognosis of the disease.

title: Cohypermethylation of @entity986 and XXXX promoters as a prognostic factor of recurrence in surgically resected stage I @entity1149 .

answer: @entity21900 :: (2272,Gene) :: ['FHIT']


abstract: 50 @entity1 with @entity573 were seen between September 1983 to March 1988. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 10 years with a mean age of 25 months. Male to Female ratio was 2.3 to 1. The diagnosis of @entity573 was made between the fourth to fifteenth day of illness. Marked @entity1148 , raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leucocytosis, mild @entity417 and sterile @entity4658 were common features. All @entity1 had a normal ECG and chest X-ray. 2D echocardiogram was done in the sub-acute phase of the illness in every @entity1 . Sixteen @entity1 (32%) had @entity453 . Thirteen of these had serial 2D echocardiograms done over a period of more than one year. Twelve had echocardiographic resolution of the coronary lesion within 18 months of follow up. @entity1 with @entity453 were significantly younger. All had full clinical recovery with aspirin therapy. @entity573 afflicts mostly young @entity1 and can present as a diagnostic problem. Coronary artery involvement is common, and except for age, it is not predictable by any clinical or laboratory parameter. Serial echocardiographic examinations are necessary in the management of these @entity1 .

title: XXXX --the Singapore experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery dilatation']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: A study was carried out on 41 cases of early @entity356 over a five year period (1983-1987) based on resected stomach specimens. Males (29) outnumbered females (12) by 2.4:1. Mean age was 63 years (Range 30-80 years), and there was an overwhelming Chinese preponderance (40, 97.6%). The indications for endoscopy were: @entity2210 (24, 58.5%), gastro-intestinal @entity548 (14, 34.1%) and follow up of megaloblastic @entity417 (3, 7.4%). The diagnosis of @entity5 was unsuspected at endoscopy in 38 @entity1 and the commonest finding was a chronic @entity1066 (35, 85.4%). Most of the lesions were located in the body (24, 58.5%) and along the lesser curvature (36, 87.8%). @entity308 (Type III and combined IIc + III) were the commonest macroscopic lesions. @entity4056 was the commonest microscopic type (34, 82.9%). @entity2617 was present in 19 (47.3%) and lymph node @entity3 in 4 (9.8%). There was only one death from @entity189 (mortality 2.4%).

title: Early XXXX in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['Submucosal infiltration']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal type carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is grown as a spice crop all over the world. The seeds have been used to treat indigestion, @entity6 , @entity627 and @entity158 in the joints. In the present study, an @entity1068 extract of the seeds was investigated for effects on insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 . Blood samples were drawn from the retro-orbital sinus before and 1.5, 3 and 5 h after administration of the seed extract. Serum @entity413 levels were determined by the @entity413 oxidase method. To determine the insulin releasing activity, after extract treatment the animals were anaesthetized by @entity4543 , the pancreas was excised, fixed in 10% @entity406 and embedded in paraffin for sectioning. Pancreatic sections of 5 microm were processed for examination of insulin-releasing activity using an immunocytochemistry kit. The results showed that administration of the @entity1068 extract (200 and 250 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited a significant reduction in serum @entity413 . Administration of @entity3839 decreased the number of beta cells with insulin secretory activity in comparison with intact @entity35 , but treatment with the coriander seed extract (200 mg/kg) increased significantly the activity of the beta cells in comparison with the @entity6 control @entity35 . The extract decreased serum @entity413 in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 and increased insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.

title: Effect of coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum L.) XXXX extract on insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity4543 :: ('MESH:D004986', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyl ether']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is grown as a spice crop all over the world. The seeds have been used to treat indigestion, @entity6 , @entity627 and @entity158 in the joints. In the present study, an @entity1068 extract of the seeds was investigated for effects on insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 . Blood samples were drawn from the retro-orbital sinus before and 1.5, 3 and 5 h after administration of the seed extract. Serum @entity413 levels were determined by the @entity413 oxidase method. To determine the insulin releasing activity, after extract treatment the animals were anaesthetized by @entity4543 , the pancreas was excised, fixed in 10% @entity406 and embedded in paraffin for sectioning. Pancreatic sections of 5 microm were processed for examination of insulin-releasing activity using an immunocytochemistry kit. The results showed that administration of the @entity1068 extract (200 and 250 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited a significant reduction in serum @entity413 . Administration of @entity3839 decreased the number of beta cells with insulin secretory activity in comparison with intact @entity35 , but treatment with the coriander seed extract (200 mg/kg) increased significantly the activity of the beta cells in comparison with the @entity6 control @entity35 . The extract decreased serum @entity413 in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 and increased insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.

title: Effect of coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum L.) @entity1068 extract on insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in XXXX -induced @entity6 @entity35 .

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']


abstract: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is grown as a spice crop all over the world. The seeds have been used to treat indigestion, @entity6 , @entity627 and @entity158 in the joints. In the present study, an @entity1068 extract of the seeds was investigated for effects on insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 . Blood samples were drawn from the retro-orbital sinus before and 1.5, 3 and 5 h after administration of the seed extract. Serum @entity413 levels were determined by the @entity413 oxidase method. To determine the insulin releasing activity, after extract treatment the animals were anaesthetized by @entity4543 , the pancreas was excised, fixed in 10% @entity406 and embedded in paraffin for sectioning. Pancreatic sections of 5 microm were processed for examination of insulin-releasing activity using an immunocytochemistry kit. The results showed that administration of the @entity1068 extract (200 and 250 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited a significant reduction in serum @entity413 . Administration of @entity3839 decreased the number of beta cells with insulin secretory activity in comparison with intact @entity35 , but treatment with the coriander seed extract (200 mg/kg) increased significantly the activity of the beta cells in comparison with the @entity6 control @entity35 . The extract decreased serum @entity413 in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 and increased insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.

title: Effect of coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum L.) @entity1068 extract on insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in @entity3839 -induced XXXX @entity35 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is grown as a spice crop all over the world. The seeds have been used to treat indigestion, @entity6 , @entity627 and @entity158 in the joints. In the present study, an @entity1068 extract of the seeds was investigated for effects on insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 . Blood samples were drawn from the retro-orbital sinus before and 1.5, 3 and 5 h after administration of the seed extract. Serum @entity413 levels were determined by the @entity413 oxidase method. To determine the insulin releasing activity, after extract treatment the animals were anaesthetized by @entity4543 , the pancreas was excised, fixed in 10% @entity406 and embedded in paraffin for sectioning. Pancreatic sections of 5 microm were processed for examination of insulin-releasing activity using an immunocytochemistry kit. The results showed that administration of the @entity1068 extract (200 and 250 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited a significant reduction in serum @entity413 . Administration of @entity3839 decreased the number of beta cells with insulin secretory activity in comparison with intact @entity35 , but treatment with the coriander seed extract (200 mg/kg) increased significantly the activity of the beta cells in comparison with the @entity6 control @entity35 . The extract decreased serum @entity413 in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 and increased insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.

title: Effect of coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum L.) @entity1068 extract on insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity161 are known to be impaired at organizing and exploring the visual environment. However, these impairments vary across studies, and the conditions determining whether @entity1 are impaired or not are unclear. We aim to clarify this question by distinguishing different types of visual organization processes. A total of 23 @entity1 and matched controls had to identify 2 identical figures embedded in a global structure made of connectors linking figures by pairs. The 2 targets belonged to either the same perceptual group (linked by a connector) or 2 different pairs (not linked by a connector). In a neutral condition, no connectors were presented. Top-down processes were explored by manipulating the proportion of targets linked or not by a connector in 3 experimental blocks. @entity1 needed the same processing time as controls to extract targets linked by a connector from the global structure. They could also focus on connectors when incited to do so. Impairments were observed for targets that were part of different pairs. Extracting such targets is effortful and time consuming, and both groups were slower in this condition than in the neutral condition. However, @entity1 were slowed less than controls. This paradoxical improvement illustrates the fact that @entity1 do not structure visual elements that are part of a global structure and not automatically bound together. Our results suggest this is due to impaired top-down processes.

title: Visual organization processes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Atrophy of skeletal muscle is due to a @entity308 in protein synthesis and an increase in degradation. Studies in vitro have suggested that activation of the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase ( @entity52768 ) may be responsible for these changes in protein synthesis and degradation. In order to evaluate whether this is also applicable to @entity5 the action of a @entity52768 inhibitor on the development of @entity3085 has been studied in @entity19 bearing the MAC16 @entity5 . Treatment of animals with the @entity52768 inhibitor (5 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced levels of phospho- @entity52768 in muscle down to that found in non- @entity5 -bearing @entity19 , and effectively attenuated the @entity308 of body weight, with increased muscle mass, and also inhibited @entity5 growth. There was an increase in protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, which paralleled a decrease in eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha phosphorylation. Protein degradation rates in skeletal muscle were also significantly decreased, as was proteasome activity levels and expression. Myosin levels were increased up to values found in non- @entity5 -bearing animals. Proteasome expression correlated with a decreased nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). The @entity52768 inhibitor also significantly inhibited @entity5 growth, although this appeared to be a separate event from the effect on @entity2057 . These results suggest that inhibition of the autophosphorylation of @entity52768 may represent an appropriate target for the attenuation of @entity2057 in @entity5 .

title: Attenuation of XXXX in a @entity19 model of @entity3085 by inhibition of the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer cachexia', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy', 'muscle wasting']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['muscle atrophy']


abstract: Atrophy of skeletal muscle is due to a @entity308 in protein synthesis and an increase in degradation. Studies in vitro have suggested that activation of the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase ( @entity52768 ) may be responsible for these changes in protein synthesis and degradation. In order to evaluate whether this is also applicable to @entity5 the action of a @entity52768 inhibitor on the development of @entity3085 has been studied in @entity19 bearing the MAC16 @entity5 . Treatment of animals with the @entity52768 inhibitor (5 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced levels of phospho- @entity52768 in muscle down to that found in non- @entity5 -bearing @entity19 , and effectively attenuated the @entity308 of body weight, with increased muscle mass, and also inhibited @entity5 growth. There was an increase in protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, which paralleled a decrease in eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha phosphorylation. Protein degradation rates in skeletal muscle were also significantly decreased, as was proteasome activity levels and expression. Myosin levels were increased up to values found in non- @entity5 -bearing animals. Proteasome expression correlated with a decreased nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). The @entity52768 inhibitor also significantly inhibited @entity5 growth, although this appeared to be a separate event from the effect on @entity2057 . These results suggest that inhibition of the autophosphorylation of @entity52768 may represent an appropriate target for the attenuation of @entity2057 in @entity5 .

title: Attenuation of @entity2057 in a @entity19 model of XXXX by inhibition of the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase.

answer: @entity3085 :: (MESH:D002100,Disease) :: ['cachexia']


abstract: Atrophy of skeletal muscle is due to a @entity308 in protein synthesis and an increase in degradation. Studies in vitro have suggested that activation of the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase ( @entity52768 ) may be responsible for these changes in protein synthesis and degradation. In order to evaluate whether this is also applicable to @entity5 the action of a @entity52768 inhibitor on the development of @entity3085 has been studied in @entity19 bearing the MAC16 @entity5 . Treatment of animals with the @entity52768 inhibitor (5 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced levels of phospho- @entity52768 in muscle down to that found in non- @entity5 -bearing @entity19 , and effectively attenuated the @entity308 of body weight, with increased muscle mass, and also inhibited @entity5 growth. There was an increase in protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, which paralleled a decrease in eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha phosphorylation. Protein degradation rates in skeletal muscle were also significantly decreased, as was proteasome activity levels and expression. Myosin levels were increased up to values found in non- @entity5 -bearing animals. Proteasome expression correlated with a decreased nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). The @entity52768 inhibitor also significantly inhibited @entity5 growth, although this appeared to be a separate event from the effect on @entity2057 . These results suggest that inhibition of the autophosphorylation of @entity52768 may represent an appropriate target for the attenuation of @entity2057 in @entity5 .

title: Attenuation of @entity2057 in a XXXX model of @entity3085 by inhibition of the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The addition of monoclonal antibodies to chemotherapy has significantly improved treatment of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). Based on excellent results with the chemotherapy-only regimen @entity3118 , @entity786 , and @entity2664 (FCM), we built a new chemoimmunotherapy combination--rituximab plus FCM (R-FCM). We report a phase II clinical trial consisting of an initial treatment with R-FCM followed by rituximab maintenance. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-two untreated @entity1072 @entity1 age 70 years or younger received rituximab 500 mg/m(2) on day 1 (375 mg/m(2) the first cycle), @entity3118 25 mg/m(2) IV on days 1 to 3, @entity786 200 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 3, and @entity2664 6 mg/m(2) IV on day 1, given at 4-week intervals with up to six cycles supported with colony-stimulating factor. @entity1 achieving response received maintenance with rituximab 375 mg/m(2) every 3 months for 2 years. RESULTS: The overall response, @entity41 ( @entity41 ) -negative complete response (CR), @entity41 -positive CR, and partial response rates were 93%, 46%, 36%, and 11%, respectively. Severe @entity1398 developed in 13% of @entity1 . Major and minor @entity281 were reported in 8% and 5% of cycles, respectively. Advanced clinical stage, del(17p), or increased serum @entity2262 levels correlated with a lower CR rate. CONCLUSION: R-FCM is highly effective in previously untreated @entity1072 , with an 82% CR rate and a high proportion of @entity41 -negative CRs (46%). Treatment @entity137 is acceptable. Parameters correlating with a lower response rate were advanced clinical stage, high serum @entity2262 levels, and del(17p). Based on these results, R-FCM warrants further investigation in randomized clinical trials.

title: Rituximab, @entity3118 , @entity786 , and XXXX : a new, highly active chemoimmunotherapy regimen for @entity1072 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: PURPOSE: The addition of monoclonal antibodies to chemotherapy has significantly improved treatment of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). Based on excellent results with the chemotherapy-only regimen @entity3118 , @entity786 , and @entity2664 (FCM), we built a new chemoimmunotherapy combination--rituximab plus FCM (R-FCM). We report a phase II clinical trial consisting of an initial treatment with R-FCM followed by rituximab maintenance. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-two untreated @entity1072 @entity1 age 70 years or younger received rituximab 500 mg/m(2) on day 1 (375 mg/m(2) the first cycle), @entity3118 25 mg/m(2) IV on days 1 to 3, @entity786 200 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 3, and @entity2664 6 mg/m(2) IV on day 1, given at 4-week intervals with up to six cycles supported with colony-stimulating factor. @entity1 achieving response received maintenance with rituximab 375 mg/m(2) every 3 months for 2 years. RESULTS: The overall response, @entity41 ( @entity41 ) -negative complete response (CR), @entity41 -positive CR, and partial response rates were 93%, 46%, 36%, and 11%, respectively. Severe @entity1398 developed in 13% of @entity1 . Major and minor @entity281 were reported in 8% and 5% of cycles, respectively. Advanced clinical stage, del(17p), or increased serum @entity2262 levels correlated with a lower CR rate. CONCLUSION: R-FCM is highly effective in previously untreated @entity1072 , with an 82% CR rate and a high proportion of @entity41 -negative CRs (46%). Treatment @entity137 is acceptable. Parameters correlating with a lower response rate were advanced clinical stage, high serum @entity2262 levels, and del(17p). Based on these results, R-FCM warrants further investigation in randomized clinical trials.

title: Rituximab, XXXX , @entity786 , and @entity2664 : a new, highly active chemoimmunotherapy regimen for @entity1072 .

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The addition of monoclonal antibodies to chemotherapy has significantly improved treatment of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). Based on excellent results with the chemotherapy-only regimen @entity3118 , @entity786 , and @entity2664 (FCM), we built a new chemoimmunotherapy combination--rituximab plus FCM (R-FCM). We report a phase II clinical trial consisting of an initial treatment with R-FCM followed by rituximab maintenance. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-two untreated @entity1072 @entity1 age 70 years or younger received rituximab 500 mg/m(2) on day 1 (375 mg/m(2) the first cycle), @entity3118 25 mg/m(2) IV on days 1 to 3, @entity786 200 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 3, and @entity2664 6 mg/m(2) IV on day 1, given at 4-week intervals with up to six cycles supported with colony-stimulating factor. @entity1 achieving response received maintenance with rituximab 375 mg/m(2) every 3 months for 2 years. RESULTS: The overall response, @entity41 ( @entity41 ) -negative complete response (CR), @entity41 -positive CR, and partial response rates were 93%, 46%, 36%, and 11%, respectively. Severe @entity1398 developed in 13% of @entity1 . Major and minor @entity281 were reported in 8% and 5% of cycles, respectively. Advanced clinical stage, del(17p), or increased serum @entity2262 levels correlated with a lower CR rate. CONCLUSION: R-FCM is highly effective in previously untreated @entity1072 , with an 82% CR rate and a high proportion of @entity41 -negative CRs (46%). Treatment @entity137 is acceptable. Parameters correlating with a lower response rate were advanced clinical stage, high serum @entity2262 levels, and del(17p). Based on these results, R-FCM warrants further investigation in randomized clinical trials.

title: Rituximab, @entity3118 , @entity786 , and @entity2664 : a new, highly active chemoimmunotherapy regimen for XXXX .

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The addition of monoclonal antibodies to chemotherapy has significantly improved treatment of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). Based on excellent results with the chemotherapy-only regimen @entity3118 , @entity786 , and @entity2664 (FCM), we built a new chemoimmunotherapy combination--rituximab plus FCM (R-FCM). We report a phase II clinical trial consisting of an initial treatment with R-FCM followed by rituximab maintenance. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-two untreated @entity1072 @entity1 age 70 years or younger received rituximab 500 mg/m(2) on day 1 (375 mg/m(2) the first cycle), @entity3118 25 mg/m(2) IV on days 1 to 3, @entity786 200 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 3, and @entity2664 6 mg/m(2) IV on day 1, given at 4-week intervals with up to six cycles supported with colony-stimulating factor. @entity1 achieving response received maintenance with rituximab 375 mg/m(2) every 3 months for 2 years. RESULTS: The overall response, @entity41 ( @entity41 ) -negative complete response (CR), @entity41 -positive CR, and partial response rates were 93%, 46%, 36%, and 11%, respectively. Severe @entity1398 developed in 13% of @entity1 . Major and minor @entity281 were reported in 8% and 5% of cycles, respectively. Advanced clinical stage, del(17p), or increased serum @entity2262 levels correlated with a lower CR rate. CONCLUSION: R-FCM is highly effective in previously untreated @entity1072 , with an 82% CR rate and a high proportion of @entity41 -negative CRs (46%). Treatment @entity137 is acceptable. Parameters correlating with a lower response rate were advanced clinical stage, high serum @entity2262 levels, and del(17p). Based on these results, R-FCM warrants further investigation in randomized clinical trials.

title: Rituximab, @entity3118 , XXXX , and @entity2664 : a new, highly active chemoimmunotherapy regimen for @entity1072 .

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previously, endovascular treatment of @entity850 related to @entity4522 ( @entity15975 ) involving arteries measuring less than 2 mm in diameter was limited. To our knowledge, there are no reports in the literature addressing stent placement for treatment of @entity850 in arteries of this size. METHODS: Four @entity1 aged 33 to 80 years (mean 57.5 years) with medically refractory @entity15975 underwent angioplasty and stenting of small (<2 mm) distal intracerebral arteries. Vessel location and length of follow-up were anterior cerebral artery (ACA) A1 segment (5 months), @entity12643 segment (18 months), middle cerebral artery M1 segment (18 months), and posterior cerebral artery P1 segment (8 months) with vessel calibers ranging from 1.2 to 1.8 mm. Clinical and imaging follow-up ranged from 5 to 18 months. RESULTS: All procedures were successfully performed without complications. Follow-up out to 18 months demonstrated one vessel that went on to occlusion while the other stented vessel segments remained patent. One @entity1 died 8 months after stenting, but the death was not related to @entity16 . The remaining @entity1 experienced resolution of the presenting symptomatology and remained asymptomatic throughout follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this small series, stenoses of distal (<2 mm) cerebral arteries were amenable to treatment using new self-expanding stents. We safely and successfully treated four arteries smaller than 2 mm in diameter with newer self-expanding stents. All @entity1 remained clinically asymptomatic. One stent occluded at 5 months and the others remained patent during follow-up. Longer term clinical follow-up is required to determine the durability and viability of this therapy.

title: Utilization of self-expanding stents in the treatment of XXXX in the distal small cerebral vessels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity4522 :: (MESH:D002537,Disease) :: ['intracranial atherosclerotic disease']


abstract: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) shunting used in the treatment for @entity1276 is associated with several complications. Mechanical failure of shunt is the commonest complication of all. Visceral/bowel perforation is an unusual but serious complication of @entity298 shunting. This article reports our experience in the management of ten @entity1 who had @entity298 Shunt catheter protrusion from anus. This is a retrospective study of ten @entity1 who had @entity298 shunt catheter protrusion from anus, admitted in the department of paediatric surgery between Jan 1996 and Dec 2005. The records of above ten cases were reviewed for their clinical presentation and management, etc. We had performed 398 @entity298 shunt operations in the last 10 years. Two hundred and seventy one (68.09%) @entity298 Shunts were done for congenital @entity1276 of which 164 were done in infancy/neonatal period and 107 @entity298 shunts were done in the age group of >1-12 years. One hundred and twenty-seven (31.90%) @entity298 shunt operations were done for @entity1 who had @entity1276 as a complication following @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ). Out of 398 @entity298 shunts, ten @entity1 (2.51%) had protrusion of the distal end of peritoneal catheter from anus without causing/leading to @entity298 . We observed a 08.29% mortality of all @entity298 shunt operations. Protrusion of @entity298 shunt catheter per rectum can occur without producing @entity298 . Formal exploration and localization of entry of @entity298 shunt catheter in bowel is not mandatory. Mini laparotomy and revision of peritoneal part of shunt can be done if there is no @entity281 .

title: Trans-anal protrusion of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt catheter with silent bowel perforation: report of ten cases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['shunt infection']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['TBM', 'tubercular meningitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['VP', 'Ventriculo-peritoneal', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: 1. The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution of unmyelinated, small-diameter myelinated neuronal @entity842 synthase immunoreactive (nNOS-IR) axons and large-diameter myelinated neuronal @entity842 synthase and @entity72734 -immunoreactive (PV-IR) axons in the dorsal funiculus (DF) of sacral (S1-S3) and lumbar (L1-L7) segments of the @entity235 .2. nNOS and PV immunohistochemical methods were used to demonstrate the presence of nNOS-IR and PV-IR in the large-diameter myelinated, presumed to be proprioceptive, axons in the DF along the lumbosacral segments.3. Fiber size and density of nNOS-IR and PV-IR axons were used to compartmentalize the DF into five compartments (CI-CV). The first compartment (CI) localized in the lateralmost part of the DF, containing both unmyelinated and small-diameter myelinated nNOS-IR axons, is homologous with the dorsolateral fasciculus, or Lissauer tract. The second compartment (CII) having similar fiber organization as CI is situated more medially in sacral segments. Rostrally, in lower lumbar segments, CII moves more medially, and at upper lumbar level, CII reaches the dorsomedial angle of the DF and fuses with axons of @entity4609 . CIII is the largest in the DF and the only one containing large-diameter myelinated nNOS-IR and PV-IR axons. The largest nNOS-IR and PV-IR axons of CIII (8.0-9.2 mum in diameter), presumed to be stem Ia proprioceptive afferents, are located in the deep portion of the DF close to the dorsal and dorsomedial border of the dorsal horn. The @entity4609 compartment varies in shape, appearing first as a small triangular area in S3 and S2 segments, homologous with the Philippe-Gombault triangle. Beginning at S1 level, @entity4609 acquires a more elongated shape and is seen throughout the lumbar segments as a narrow band of fibers extending just below the dorsal median septum in approximately upper two-thirds of the DF. The CV is located in the basal part of the DF. In general, CV is poor in nNOS-IR fibers; among them solitary PV-IR fibers are seen.4. The analysis of the control material and the degeneration of the large- and medium-caliber nNOS-IR fibers after unilateral L7 and S1 dorsal rhizotomy confirmed that large-caliber nNOS-IR and and PV-IR axons, presumed to be proprioceptive Ia axons, and their ascending and descending collaterals are present in large number in the DF of the lumbosacral intumescence. However, in the DF of the upper lumbar segments, the decrease in the number of nNOS-IR and PV-IR fibers is quite evident.

title: The distribution of primary XXXX synthase- and @entity72734 - immunoreactive afferents in the dorsal funiculus of the lumbosacral spinal cord in a @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: 1. The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution of unmyelinated, small-diameter myelinated neuronal @entity842 synthase immunoreactive (nNOS-IR) axons and large-diameter myelinated neuronal @entity842 synthase and @entity72734 -immunoreactive (PV-IR) axons in the dorsal funiculus (DF) of sacral (S1-S3) and lumbar (L1-L7) segments of the @entity235 .2. nNOS and PV immunohistochemical methods were used to demonstrate the presence of nNOS-IR and PV-IR in the large-diameter myelinated, presumed to be proprioceptive, axons in the DF along the lumbosacral segments.3. Fiber size and density of nNOS-IR and PV-IR axons were used to compartmentalize the DF into five compartments (CI-CV). The first compartment (CI) localized in the lateralmost part of the DF, containing both unmyelinated and small-diameter myelinated nNOS-IR axons, is homologous with the dorsolateral fasciculus, or Lissauer tract. The second compartment (CII) having similar fiber organization as CI is situated more medially in sacral segments. Rostrally, in lower lumbar segments, CII moves more medially, and at upper lumbar level, CII reaches the dorsomedial angle of the DF and fuses with axons of @entity4609 . CIII is the largest in the DF and the only one containing large-diameter myelinated nNOS-IR and PV-IR axons. The largest nNOS-IR and PV-IR axons of CIII (8.0-9.2 mum in diameter), presumed to be stem Ia proprioceptive afferents, are located in the deep portion of the DF close to the dorsal and dorsomedial border of the dorsal horn. The @entity4609 compartment varies in shape, appearing first as a small triangular area in S3 and S2 segments, homologous with the Philippe-Gombault triangle. Beginning at S1 level, @entity4609 acquires a more elongated shape and is seen throughout the lumbar segments as a narrow band of fibers extending just below the dorsal median septum in approximately upper two-thirds of the DF. The CV is located in the basal part of the DF. In general, CV is poor in nNOS-IR fibers; among them solitary PV-IR fibers are seen.4. The analysis of the control material and the degeneration of the large- and medium-caliber nNOS-IR fibers after unilateral L7 and S1 dorsal rhizotomy confirmed that large-caliber nNOS-IR and and PV-IR axons, presumed to be proprioceptive Ia axons, and their ascending and descending collaterals are present in large number in the DF of the lumbosacral intumescence. However, in the DF of the upper lumbar segments, the decrease in the number of nNOS-IR and PV-IR fibers is quite evident.

title: The distribution of primary @entity842 synthase- and XXXX - immunoreactive afferents in the dorsal funiculus of the lumbosacral spinal cord in a @entity235 .

answer: @entity72734 :: (481278(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['parvalbumin']


abstract: 1. The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution of unmyelinated, small-diameter myelinated neuronal @entity842 synthase immunoreactive (nNOS-IR) axons and large-diameter myelinated neuronal @entity842 synthase and @entity72734 -immunoreactive (PV-IR) axons in the dorsal funiculus (DF) of sacral (S1-S3) and lumbar (L1-L7) segments of the @entity235 .2. nNOS and PV immunohistochemical methods were used to demonstrate the presence of nNOS-IR and PV-IR in the large-diameter myelinated, presumed to be proprioceptive, axons in the DF along the lumbosacral segments.3. Fiber size and density of nNOS-IR and PV-IR axons were used to compartmentalize the DF into five compartments (CI-CV). The first compartment (CI) localized in the lateralmost part of the DF, containing both unmyelinated and small-diameter myelinated nNOS-IR axons, is homologous with the dorsolateral fasciculus, or Lissauer tract. The second compartment (CII) having similar fiber organization as CI is situated more medially in sacral segments. Rostrally, in lower lumbar segments, CII moves more medially, and at upper lumbar level, CII reaches the dorsomedial angle of the DF and fuses with axons of @entity4609 . CIII is the largest in the DF and the only one containing large-diameter myelinated nNOS-IR and PV-IR axons. The largest nNOS-IR and PV-IR axons of CIII (8.0-9.2 mum in diameter), presumed to be stem Ia proprioceptive afferents, are located in the deep portion of the DF close to the dorsal and dorsomedial border of the dorsal horn. The @entity4609 compartment varies in shape, appearing first as a small triangular area in S3 and S2 segments, homologous with the Philippe-Gombault triangle. Beginning at S1 level, @entity4609 acquires a more elongated shape and is seen throughout the lumbar segments as a narrow band of fibers extending just below the dorsal median septum in approximately upper two-thirds of the DF. The CV is located in the basal part of the DF. In general, CV is poor in nNOS-IR fibers; among them solitary PV-IR fibers are seen.4. The analysis of the control material and the degeneration of the large- and medium-caliber nNOS-IR fibers after unilateral L7 and S1 dorsal rhizotomy confirmed that large-caliber nNOS-IR and and PV-IR axons, presumed to be proprioceptive Ia axons, and their ascending and descending collaterals are present in large number in the DF of the lumbosacral intumescence. However, in the DF of the upper lumbar segments, the decrease in the number of nNOS-IR and PV-IR fibers is quite evident.

title: The distribution of primary @entity842 synthase- and @entity72734 - immunoreactive afferents in the dorsal funiculus of the lumbosacral spinal cord in a XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Sixty-four @entity465 @entity1 were registered at the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Department, @entity1 's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. DATA: @entity465 were the most common category (35.9%) followed by combined T- and B-cell @entity465 (29.7%), other well defined @entity465 syndromes (18.7%), @entity154 of phagocyte number, function or both (12.5%), and @entity1200 (3.1%). The most frequent disorder was common variable @entity465 (18.7%). The mean age at diagnosis was 29.9 months. The consanguinity rate was 62.5%. Recurrent severe @entity281 were seen in all categories. Fifteen @entity1 died (23.4%) from @entity281 with the highest mortality for combined T- and B-cell @entity465 (15.6%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1200 are not rare in Egyptian @entity1 . The observed frequency of combined T- and B-cell @entity465 in our cohort is relatively higher than other countries. It is a prerequisite to establish a national registry of @entity465 in Egypt.

title: XXXX in Egyptian @entity1 : a single-center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency', 'Predominantly antibody deficiencies', 'immunodeficiency', 'immunodeficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['Primary immunodeficiency disorders', 'diseases of immune dysregulation']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['Primary immunodeficiency diseases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Sixty-four @entity465 @entity1 were registered at the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Department, @entity1 's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. DATA: @entity465 were the most common category (35.9%) followed by combined T- and B-cell @entity465 (29.7%), other well defined @entity465 syndromes (18.7%), @entity154 of phagocyte number, function or both (12.5%), and @entity1200 (3.1%). The most frequent disorder was common variable @entity465 (18.7%). The mean age at diagnosis was 29.9 months. The consanguinity rate was 62.5%. Recurrent severe @entity281 were seen in all categories. Fifteen @entity1 died (23.4%) from @entity281 with the highest mortality for combined T- and B-cell @entity465 (15.6%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1200 are not rare in Egyptian @entity1 . The observed frequency of combined T- and B-cell @entity465 in our cohort is relatively higher than other countries. It is a prerequisite to establish a national registry of @entity465 in Egypt.

title: @entity1200 in Egyptian XXXX : a single-center study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 (9 months to 5 years of age) with intermittent or constant @entity735 on distant gaze were studied to investigate the effect of part-time occlusion. No @entity1 had constant @entity5770 on near fixation. Visual acuity was found to be equal in both eyes. All @entity1 were treated by part-time patching of the non-deviating eye from four to six hours a day and tapered as appropriate. If @entity5770 recurred after conversion to a heterophoria, part-time occlusion was reinstated. With occlusion, all @entity1 converted to hetero- or orthophoria, at least temporarily. Mean follow-up (to last visit or surgical intervention) was 22 months (range 3 to 37 months). Three @entity1 (27%) later developed constant @entity5770 (mean 28.3 months after beginning occlusion) and underwent surgery. Three @entity1 (27%) became and remain orthophoric without further patching. Part-time occlusion for preschool @entity1 with exodeviations that are predominantly unilateral can postpone surgical intervention and convert @entity5770 to orthophoria or @entity5770 .

title: The use of part-time occlusion for early onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia of predominantly one eye']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia', 'exophoria']

answer: @entity5770 :: (MESH:D005099,Disease) :: ['unilateral exotropia']


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity1 had @entity1282 of 4-month duration. Endoscopy revealed a large polypoidal pedunculated blackish mass located in the lower thoracic esophagus. A barium esophagogram revealed a lower esophageal mass. Computed tomography revealed a large polypoidal esophageal mass without any evidence of local invasion or distant disease. Endoscopic biopsy established the diagnosis of @entity320 . A radical resection of the esophagus with three-field lymph nodal dissection was undertaken. The @entity1 made an uneventful recovery. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of @entity320 and positive lymph nodes. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given. He succumbed to systemic recurrence after 69 months.

title: Primary XXXX of the esophagus: long-term survival after radical resection.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: SJL @entity19 colonized with @entity706 cells undergo a rapid inflammatory response associated with biological and physiological effects including increased @entity842 production and mutations in spleen DNA. By 2 weeks postcolonization, these changes were accompanied by both up- and down-regulation of a number of plasma proteins. In the experiments reported here, plasma from individual SJL @entity19 was analyzed at several time-points over the 2-week period to determine if there were sets of proteins whose expression varied in concert and thus might serve as early biomarkers for @entity32 . Samples were collected just prior to injection of the RcsX cells and then after 4, 8, and 12 days. Albumin and immunoglobulins were depleted, and the samples were resolved by 1D gel electrophoresis. The gels were cut into 20 slices, and the proteins were digested in-gel with trypsin. The digests were treated with iTRAQ reagents and then analyzed using LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 . The resulting data were processed with two software packages, that is, ProQuant and Spectrum Mill, and then subjected to K-means cluster analysis (K = 4). The four clusters revealed a set of highly up-regulated proteins, a set of progressively up-regulated proteins, a set with no major changes, and a set that declined. The first cluster included @entity26447 and serum amyloid A; the second included groups with several functions including protease inhibition, cell motility, and transport. The iTRAQ results for a selection of the up-regulated proteins, including @entity26447 , @entity46007 , serum amyloid P component, and ceruloplasmin, were confirmed with Western blots. Prominent down-regulated proteins included esterase-1, paraoxonase, and @entity58906 . Approximately 50% of the up-regulated proteins are canonical acute phase proteins, while the remainder are regulated by the @entity10182 transcription factor.

title: Comparative time-dependent analysis of potential inflammation biomarkers in XXXX @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation-related disorders']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['RcsX lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma-bearing SJL']


abstract: SJL @entity19 colonized with @entity706 cells undergo a rapid inflammatory response associated with biological and physiological effects including increased @entity842 production and mutations in spleen DNA. By 2 weeks postcolonization, these changes were accompanied by both up- and down-regulation of a number of plasma proteins. In the experiments reported here, plasma from individual SJL @entity19 was analyzed at several time-points over the 2-week period to determine if there were sets of proteins whose expression varied in concert and thus might serve as early biomarkers for @entity32 . Samples were collected just prior to injection of the RcsX cells and then after 4, 8, and 12 days. Albumin and immunoglobulins were depleted, and the samples were resolved by 1D gel electrophoresis. The gels were cut into 20 slices, and the proteins were digested in-gel with trypsin. The digests were treated with iTRAQ reagents and then analyzed using LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 . The resulting data were processed with two software packages, that is, ProQuant and Spectrum Mill, and then subjected to K-means cluster analysis (K = 4). The four clusters revealed a set of highly up-regulated proteins, a set of progressively up-regulated proteins, a set with no major changes, and a set that declined. The first cluster included @entity26447 and serum amyloid A; the second included groups with several functions including protease inhibition, cell motility, and transport. The iTRAQ results for a selection of the up-regulated proteins, including @entity26447 , @entity46007 , serum amyloid P component, and ceruloplasmin, were confirmed with Western blots. Prominent down-regulated proteins included esterase-1, paraoxonase, and @entity58906 . Approximately 50% of the up-regulated proteins are canonical acute phase proteins, while the remainder are regulated by the @entity10182 transcription factor.

title: Comparative time-dependent analysis of potential inflammation biomarkers in @entity706 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity36965 X-160 which lacks catabolite control by @entity413 was isolated from nature (soy moromi mash). Wild-type strains, in @entity6122 - @entity413 medium, utilized @entity413 preferentially over @entity6122 and showed diauxic growth. With wild-type strain I-13, @entity6122 isomerase activity was not induced until @entity413 was consumed from the medium. Strain X-160, however, utilized @entity6122 concurrently with @entity413 and did not show diauxic growth. In this strain, @entity6122 isomerase was induced even in the presence of @entity413 . @entity413 transport activity in intact cells of strain X-160 was less than 10% of that assayed in strain I-13. Determinations of glycolytic enzymes did not show any difference responsible for the unique behavior of strain X-160, but the rate of @entity3776 formation with @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) as a @entity11064 donor in permeabilized cells was less than 10% of that observed in the wild type. Starved @entity36965 I-13 cells contained the glycolytic intermediates @entity10254 , @entity46790 , and @entity7955 ( @entity7955 pool). These were consumed concomitantly with @entity413 or @entity897 uptake but were not consumed with @entity6122 uptake. The @entity413 transport system in @entity36965 was identified as a @entity7955 : @entity3913 phosphotransferase system on the basis of the substrate specificity of @entity7955 pool-starved cells. It is concluded that, in @entity36965 , this system is functional as a main @entity413 transport system and that defects in this system may be responsible for the @entity308 of @entity413 -mediated catabolite control.

title: Correlation between @entity308 of catabolite control of XXXX metabolism and a defect in the @entity7954 : @entity3913 phosphotransferase system in @entity36965 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity11064 :: ('CHEBI:29315', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoryl']

entities_list: @entity10254 :: ('MESH:C005156', 'Chemical') :: ['3-phosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity36965 :: ('51669', 'Species') :: ['Pediococcus halophilus', 'P. halophilus']

entities_list: @entity46790 :: ('MESH:C008885', 'Chemical') :: ['2-phosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity6122 :: (MESH:D014994,Chemical) :: ['xylose']


abstract: @entity36965 X-160 which lacks catabolite control by @entity413 was isolated from nature (soy moromi mash). Wild-type strains, in @entity6122 - @entity413 medium, utilized @entity413 preferentially over @entity6122 and showed diauxic growth. With wild-type strain I-13, @entity6122 isomerase activity was not induced until @entity413 was consumed from the medium. Strain X-160, however, utilized @entity6122 concurrently with @entity413 and did not show diauxic growth. In this strain, @entity6122 isomerase was induced even in the presence of @entity413 . @entity413 transport activity in intact cells of strain X-160 was less than 10% of that assayed in strain I-13. Determinations of glycolytic enzymes did not show any difference responsible for the unique behavior of strain X-160, but the rate of @entity3776 formation with @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) as a @entity11064 donor in permeabilized cells was less than 10% of that observed in the wild type. Starved @entity36965 I-13 cells contained the glycolytic intermediates @entity10254 , @entity46790 , and @entity7955 ( @entity7955 pool). These were consumed concomitantly with @entity413 or @entity897 uptake but were not consumed with @entity6122 uptake. The @entity413 transport system in @entity36965 was identified as a @entity7955 : @entity3913 phosphotransferase system on the basis of the substrate specificity of @entity7955 pool-starved cells. It is concluded that, in @entity36965 , this system is functional as a main @entity413 transport system and that defects in this system may be responsible for the @entity308 of @entity413 -mediated catabolite control.

title: Correlation between XXXX of catabolite control of @entity6122 metabolism and a defect in the @entity7954 : @entity3913 phosphotransferase system in @entity36965 .

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity36965 X-160 which lacks catabolite control by @entity413 was isolated from nature (soy moromi mash). Wild-type strains, in @entity6122 - @entity413 medium, utilized @entity413 preferentially over @entity6122 and showed diauxic growth. With wild-type strain I-13, @entity6122 isomerase activity was not induced until @entity413 was consumed from the medium. Strain X-160, however, utilized @entity6122 concurrently with @entity413 and did not show diauxic growth. In this strain, @entity6122 isomerase was induced even in the presence of @entity413 . @entity413 transport activity in intact cells of strain X-160 was less than 10% of that assayed in strain I-13. Determinations of glycolytic enzymes did not show any difference responsible for the unique behavior of strain X-160, but the rate of @entity3776 formation with @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) as a @entity11064 donor in permeabilized cells was less than 10% of that observed in the wild type. Starved @entity36965 I-13 cells contained the glycolytic intermediates @entity10254 , @entity46790 , and @entity7955 ( @entity7955 pool). These were consumed concomitantly with @entity413 or @entity897 uptake but were not consumed with @entity6122 uptake. The @entity413 transport system in @entity36965 was identified as a @entity7955 : @entity3913 phosphotransferase system on the basis of the substrate specificity of @entity7955 pool-starved cells. It is concluded that, in @entity36965 , this system is functional as a main @entity413 transport system and that defects in this system may be responsible for the @entity308 of @entity413 -mediated catabolite control.

title: Correlation between @entity308 of catabolite control of @entity6122 metabolism and a defect in the @entity7954 : XXXX phosphotransferase system in @entity36965 .

answer: @entity3913 :: (MESH:D008358,Chemical) :: ['mannose']


abstract: @entity36965 X-160 which lacks catabolite control by @entity413 was isolated from nature (soy moromi mash). Wild-type strains, in @entity6122 - @entity413 medium, utilized @entity413 preferentially over @entity6122 and showed diauxic growth. With wild-type strain I-13, @entity6122 isomerase activity was not induced until @entity413 was consumed from the medium. Strain X-160, however, utilized @entity6122 concurrently with @entity413 and did not show diauxic growth. In this strain, @entity6122 isomerase was induced even in the presence of @entity413 . @entity413 transport activity in intact cells of strain X-160 was less than 10% of that assayed in strain I-13. Determinations of glycolytic enzymes did not show any difference responsible for the unique behavior of strain X-160, but the rate of @entity3776 formation with @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) as a @entity11064 donor in permeabilized cells was less than 10% of that observed in the wild type. Starved @entity36965 I-13 cells contained the glycolytic intermediates @entity10254 , @entity46790 , and @entity7955 ( @entity7955 pool). These were consumed concomitantly with @entity413 or @entity897 uptake but were not consumed with @entity6122 uptake. The @entity413 transport system in @entity36965 was identified as a @entity7955 : @entity3913 phosphotransferase system on the basis of the substrate specificity of @entity7955 pool-starved cells. It is concluded that, in @entity36965 , this system is functional as a main @entity413 transport system and that defects in this system may be responsible for the @entity308 of @entity413 -mediated catabolite control.

title: Correlation between @entity308 of catabolite control of @entity6122 metabolism and a defect in the XXXX : @entity3913 phosphotransferase system in @entity36965 .

answer: @entity7954 :: (MESH:D010728,Chemical) :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']


abstract: @entity36965 X-160 which lacks catabolite control by @entity413 was isolated from nature (soy moromi mash). Wild-type strains, in @entity6122 - @entity413 medium, utilized @entity413 preferentially over @entity6122 and showed diauxic growth. With wild-type strain I-13, @entity6122 isomerase activity was not induced until @entity413 was consumed from the medium. Strain X-160, however, utilized @entity6122 concurrently with @entity413 and did not show diauxic growth. In this strain, @entity6122 isomerase was induced even in the presence of @entity413 . @entity413 transport activity in intact cells of strain X-160 was less than 10% of that assayed in strain I-13. Determinations of glycolytic enzymes did not show any difference responsible for the unique behavior of strain X-160, but the rate of @entity3776 formation with @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) as a @entity11064 donor in permeabilized cells was less than 10% of that observed in the wild type. Starved @entity36965 I-13 cells contained the glycolytic intermediates @entity10254 , @entity46790 , and @entity7955 ( @entity7955 pool). These were consumed concomitantly with @entity413 or @entity897 uptake but were not consumed with @entity6122 uptake. The @entity413 transport system in @entity36965 was identified as a @entity7955 : @entity3913 phosphotransferase system on the basis of the substrate specificity of @entity7955 pool-starved cells. It is concluded that, in @entity36965 , this system is functional as a main @entity413 transport system and that defects in this system may be responsible for the @entity308 of @entity413 -mediated catabolite control.

title: Correlation between @entity308 of catabolite control of @entity6122 metabolism and a defect in the @entity7954 : @entity3913 phosphotransferase system in XXXX .

answer: @entity36965 :: (51669,Species) :: ['Pediococcus halophilus']


abstract: Insect cell cultures have been extensively utilised for means of production for heterologous proteins and biopesticides. Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) and Trichoplusia ni (High Fivetrade mark) cell lines have been widely used for the production of recombinant proteins, thus metabolism of these cell lines have been investigated thoroughly over recent years. The @entity13708 zea cell line has potential use for the production of a biopesticide, specifically the @entity13708 single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV). The growth, virus production, nutrient consumption and waste production of this cell line was investigated under serum-free culture conditions, using SF900II and a @entity258 ( @entity258 ). The cell growth (growth rates and population doubling time) was comparable in SF900II and @entity258 , however, lower biomass and cell specific virus yields were obtained in @entity258 . H. zea cells showed a preference for @entity2734 over @entity1160 , similar to the High Fivetrade mark cells. @entity3265 was accumulated to significantly high levels (16 mM) in SF900II, which is an @entity2734 and @entity1160 rich medium. However, given the absence of @entity2734 and @entity1160 in the medium ( @entity258 ), H. zea cells adapted and grew well in the absence of these substrates and no accumulation of @entity3265 was observed. The adverse effect of @entity3265 on H. zea cells is unknown since good production of biologically active HaSNPV was achieved in the presence of high @entity3265 levels. H. zea cells showed a preference for maltose even given an abundance supply of free @entity413 . Accumulation of @entity880 was observed in H. zea cell cultures.

title: Growth, viral production and metabolism of a XXXX zea cell line in serum-free culture.

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity3265 :: ('MESH:D000641', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonia', 'Ammonia']

entities_list: @entity13708 :: ('29058', 'Species') :: ['Helicoverpa', 'Helicoverpa armigera']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LCM', 'low cost medium prototype']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity13708 :: (29058,Species) :: ['Helicoverpa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine rates of @entity250 and @entity6126 and establish the relationship between gonadal hormone levels and sexual function in patients taking antipsychotic treatment for @entity161 or @entity914 . METHOD: We studied 103 @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity914 (mean age = 46.2 (SD = 12.9) years; 51.5% male) from October 2003 through March 2005. Sexual function was assessed using the Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ) and compared with (1) normal controls (N = 62; mean age = 36.1 (SD = 9.6) years; 55% male) recruited from primary care attendees and (2) sexually dysfunctional controls recruited from a local @entity250 (N = 57; mean age = 39.1 (SD = 10.7) years; 79% male). @entity4090 , sex hormone-binding globulin, @entity251 , @entity53 , @entity1420 , follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels; psychopathology; and side effects were measured. RESULTS: Mean (SD) total SFQ scores were significantly greater in @entity1 ( @entity1 = 9.9 [5.3]; @entity1 = 7.8 [4.9]) compared with normal controls ( @entity1 = 4.1 [2.9]; @entity1 = 4.09 [2.95]), and similar to the scores of @entity250 attendees ( @entity1 = 7.2 [2.9]; @entity1 = 9.9 [4.5]). The odds ratios of @entity1 having @entity250 compared with normal controls were 15.2 for @entity1 and 3.7 for @entity1 . @entity6126 was common (in premenopausal @entity1 , 79% showed hypoestrogenism and 92% showed low @entity1420 levels, and 28% of @entity1 showed hypotestosteronism). There was no association between total SFQ scores and @entity4090 or gonadal hormone levels. CONCLUSION: @entity1 receiving treatment for @entity161 or @entity914 show high rates of @entity250 and @entity6126 . Sexual functioning was not related to @entity4090 or gonadal hormone levels.

title: Sexual function and gonadal hormones in patients taking antipsychotic treatment for XXXX or @entity914 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'Prolactin']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'Hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual dysfunction clinic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine rates of @entity250 and @entity6126 and establish the relationship between gonadal hormone levels and sexual function in patients taking antipsychotic treatment for @entity161 or @entity914 . METHOD: We studied 103 @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity914 (mean age = 46.2 (SD = 12.9) years; 51.5% male) from October 2003 through March 2005. Sexual function was assessed using the Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ) and compared with (1) normal controls (N = 62; mean age = 36.1 (SD = 9.6) years; 55% male) recruited from primary care attendees and (2) sexually dysfunctional controls recruited from a local @entity250 (N = 57; mean age = 39.1 (SD = 10.7) years; 79% male). @entity4090 , sex hormone-binding globulin, @entity251 , @entity53 , @entity1420 , follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels; psychopathology; and side effects were measured. RESULTS: Mean (SD) total SFQ scores were significantly greater in @entity1 ( @entity1 = 9.9 [5.3]; @entity1 = 7.8 [4.9]) compared with normal controls ( @entity1 = 4.1 [2.9]; @entity1 = 4.09 [2.95]), and similar to the scores of @entity250 attendees ( @entity1 = 7.2 [2.9]; @entity1 = 9.9 [4.5]). The odds ratios of @entity1 having @entity250 compared with normal controls were 15.2 for @entity1 and 3.7 for @entity1 . @entity6126 was common (in premenopausal @entity1 , 79% showed hypoestrogenism and 92% showed low @entity1420 levels, and 28% of @entity1 showed hypotestosteronism). There was no association between total SFQ scores and @entity4090 or gonadal hormone levels. CONCLUSION: @entity1 receiving treatment for @entity161 or @entity914 show high rates of @entity250 and @entity6126 . Sexual functioning was not related to @entity4090 or gonadal hormone levels.

title: Sexual function and gonadal hormones in patients taking antipsychotic treatment for @entity161 or XXXX .

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['schizoaffective disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The onset of @entity308 is often triggered by breathlessness in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). It is hypothesized that these are the psychologic consequences of chronic @entity1353 . @entity1353 might @entity308 . Acupressure has been shown in other studies to produce relaxation. The aim of this study was to determine if it would lessen @entity1353 and reduce @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity1030 . SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: Subjects diagnosed with @entity1030 were chosen from one medical center and three regional hospitals in Taipei, Taiwan. A randomized, block experimental design was used, with subjects and the data collector blinded. Using age, gender, pulmonary function, smoking, and @entity134 use as matching factors, 44 subjects were randomly assigned to either the true acupressure or the sham acupressure groups. The true acupressure group received a program of acupressure using appropriate acupoints that promote relaxation and relieve @entity1353 . The sham acupressure group received acupressure using sham acupoints different from the meridians and ganglionic sections of the true acupressure group. Both acupressure programs lasted 4 weeks, with five sessions per week that lasted 16 minutes per session. OUTCOME MEASURES: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Dyspnea Visual Analogue Scale (DVAS) were administered prior to the program as a baseline, and again following the completion of the 4-week program. @entity26 saturation and other physiological indicators were measured before and after each session. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the GDS scores, DVAS scores, @entity26 saturation, and physiological indicators of the true acupressure group were significantly improved, compared to those of the sham acupressure group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide health professionals with an evidence-based intervention to use with @entity1 with @entity1030 . Applying this acupressure program in clinical practice, communities, and long-term care units may lessen chronic @entity1353 and @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: The psychologic consequences of chronic @entity1353 in chronic pulmonary obstruction disease: the effects of acupressure on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['alleviate depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['Lessening dyspnea', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The onset of @entity308 is often triggered by breathlessness in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). It is hypothesized that these are the psychologic consequences of chronic @entity1353 . @entity1353 might @entity308 . Acupressure has been shown in other studies to produce relaxation. The aim of this study was to determine if it would lessen @entity1353 and reduce @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity1030 . SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: Subjects diagnosed with @entity1030 were chosen from one medical center and three regional hospitals in Taipei, Taiwan. A randomized, block experimental design was used, with subjects and the data collector blinded. Using age, gender, pulmonary function, smoking, and @entity134 use as matching factors, 44 subjects were randomly assigned to either the true acupressure or the sham acupressure groups. The true acupressure group received a program of acupressure using appropriate acupoints that promote relaxation and relieve @entity1353 . The sham acupressure group received acupressure using sham acupoints different from the meridians and ganglionic sections of the true acupressure group. Both acupressure programs lasted 4 weeks, with five sessions per week that lasted 16 minutes per session. OUTCOME MEASURES: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Dyspnea Visual Analogue Scale (DVAS) were administered prior to the program as a baseline, and again following the completion of the 4-week program. @entity26 saturation and other physiological indicators were measured before and after each session. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the GDS scores, DVAS scores, @entity26 saturation, and physiological indicators of the true acupressure group were significantly improved, compared to those of the sham acupressure group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide health professionals with an evidence-based intervention to use with @entity1 with @entity1030 . Applying this acupressure program in clinical practice, communities, and long-term care units may lessen chronic @entity1353 and @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: The psychologic consequences of chronic XXXX in chronic pulmonary obstruction disease: the effects of acupressure on @entity308 .

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['dyspnea']


abstract: High-altitude climate therapy is a well-established therapeutic option, which improves clinical symptoms in @entity565 . However, little is known about the underlying immunological mechanisms. The study investigates the influence of high-altitude climate therapy on airway @entity32 and cellular components of specific and unspecific immune response. Exhaled NO significantly decreased within 3 weeks of therapy in @entity1 with @entity56 and intrinsic, moderate and severe @entity565 . @entity688 ( @entity688 )-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) increased within 3 weeks of therapy in six of 11 @entity1 , whereas transforming growth factor-beta(1)-secreting PBMC remained stable. Furthermore, monocyte activation, assessed by @entity7938 expression significantly decreased during therapy. The frequency of @entity44388 -expressing T cells decreased, while regulatory T cells (T(reg)) remained stable. @entity403 and @entity9388 mRNA expression in CD4(+) T cells did not change, while @entity379 and @entity4047 mRNA expression decreased in eight of 10 @entity1 . The current data demonstrate that high-altitude climate therapy reduces local airway @entity32 . Furthermore, monocytes switch towards a tolerogenic phenotype under high-altitude climate therapy. The T(reg)/Th2 ratio increases; however, because of the absence of antigens/allergens, no de novo differentiation of Th2 nor T(reg) cells is observed. The high-altitude climate therapy therefore may form the immunological basis for the endogenous control of allergen-driven diseases.

title: High-altitude climate therapy reduces local airway XXXX and modulates lymphocyte activation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Gout is a common chronic @entity625 that can lead to significant disability. Gout is one of the few rheumatological conditions that can be diagnosed with certainty, has a known cause and can be cured with appropriate therapy. Hypouricaemic agents reduce @entity414 concentrations through inhibiting @entity414 production ( @entity208 ) or enhancing @entity414 excretion (probenecid, @entity11368 ). @entity208 is the most commonly used hypouricaemic agent but at recommended doses often fails to reduce adequately @entity414 concentrations and prevent @entity697 . The use of probenecid is limited by lack of efficacy in @entity8 . In the last few years, new agents in the management of hyperuricaemia and @entity210 have become available. @entity20082 , a new @entity3624 oxidase inhibitor, is an effective hypouricaemic agent although further data are required for @entity1 with @entity8 and other significant medical conditions. Rasburicase, a recombinant uricase (which catalyses the conversion of @entity414 to the more readily excreted @entity13579 ) is available for prevention of @entity5 . However, its repeated use, as would be required in chronic @entity210 , is limited by antigenicity. A less antigenic PEGylated uricase can rapidly reduce serum @entity414 concentrations and promote resorption of tophi. However, further information with regard to the long-term risks and benefits of these agents is required. These agents may ultimately be used in the short term to rapidly deplete urate stores (induction therapy) followed by long-term therapy with an alternative hypouricaemic agent to prevent subsequent accumulation of @entity414 (maintenance therapy).

title: Emerging therapies in the long-term management of hyperuricaemia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute attacks of gout']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour lysis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity20082 :: ('MESH:C084623', 'Chemical') :: ['Febuxostat']

entities_list: @entity13579 :: ('MESH:D000481', 'Chemical') :: ['allantoin']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity11368 :: ('MESH:D001553', 'Chemical') :: ['benzbromarone']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and speech therapy of 62 @entity1 with @entity7687 . METHODS: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), Gesell development scales (Gesell), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Preschool @entity1 (WPPSI) and speech test were performed for 62 @entity1 at the ages of 3 to 8 years with @entity7687 . PPVT was used to measure receptive vocabulary skills. GESELL and WPPSI were utilized to represent cognitive and non-verbal ability. The speech test was adopted to assess the speech development. The @entity1 received speech therapy and auxiliary oral-motor functional training once or twice a week. Firstly the target sound was identified according to the speech development milestone, then the method of speech localization was used to clarify the correct articulation placement and manner. It was needed to change food character and administer oral-motor functional training for @entity1 with oral @entity66 . RESULTS: The 62 cases with the apical @entity7687 were classified into four groups. The combined pattern of the @entity7687 was the most common (40 cases, 64.5%), the next was @entity2526 (15 cases, 24.2%). The third was @entity2419 (4 cases, 6.5%) and the last one was the @entity74 (3 cases, 4.8%). The substitution errors of velar were the most common (95.2%), the next was omission errors (30.6%) and the last was absence of aspiration (12.9%). @entity66 was found in some @entity1 with problems such as @entity717 and head, unstable jaw, weak tongue strength and poor coordination of tongue movement. Some @entity1 had feeding problems such as preference of eating soft food, keeping food in mouths, eating slowly, and poor chewing. After 5 to 18 times of therapy, the effective rate of speech therapy reached 82.3%. CONCLUSION: The lingua-apical @entity7687 can be classified into four groups. The combined pattern of the articulation errors is the most common one. Most of the apical sounds are replaced by velar sounds. The speech localization method is very useful in the therapy of apical @entity7687 . For @entity1 with feeding problems and oral @entity66 , it is needed to improve food texture and administer oral motor skill training.

title: [Clinical characteristics and speech therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunction', 'Oral motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['apico-dental disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['linguo-alveolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity7687 :: ('MESH:D001184', 'Disease') :: ['lingua-apical articulation disorder', 'articulation disorder', 'articulation disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['disordered joint movement of tongue']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['palatal disorder']

answer: @entity7687 :: (MESH:D001184,Disease) :: ['lingua-apical articulation disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical features of @entity7555 ( @entity305 , @entity7555 , @entity2744 , M protein and skin changes) syndrome @entity1 from Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) with those of @entity1 in previous reports. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity7555 were identified in PUMCH over the last two decades. The clinical features of these @entity1 were compared with those in other large series from Japan, China, and the United States. RESULTS: The average age at presentation was 45.8 years; 22 were @entity1 . All 32 @entity1 had @entity305 and decreased knee-jerk reflex. @entity7555 was present in 31 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 underwent lymph node biopsy and 5 of them were proven to have @entity12692 . Twenty-six @entity1 had at least one endocrine abnormality at time of presentation, not including more commonly prevalent @entity6 or @entity1375 . Seventy-two percent (18/25) of the @entity1 had a detectable monoclonal protein with serum immunofixation, but only 16.7% (4/24) had positive results with serum protein electrophoresis. Skin changes were documented in 30 @entity1 . In comparison with other series, we found a higher prevalence of @entity7555 and papilloedema. The rates of M protein level, however, were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Most features of our series are similar to those from previous foreign series. The prevalence of M protein in our study was similar to that in previous foreign series, but was not as low as reported in previous Chinese studies. Immunofixation and immunohistochemical staining of bone marrow biopsies are probably more sensitive in detecting M protein as compared with serum protein electrophoresis.

title: [A clinical analysis of 32 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diseases like diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's disease"]

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['POEMS', 'organomegaly', 'Organomegaly', 'POEMS syndrome']

answer: @entity7555 :: (MESH:D016878,Disease) :: ['POEMS syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enchondroma is the most common @entity5 of the bones of the foot. @entity511 in this area is relatively rare with @entity5 occurring rarely. In contrast to similar @entity5 in the appendicular skeleton, it is difficult to distinguish between these two @entity5 when they occur in the foot. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and radiographs of all @entity1 with @entity83 and @entity511 arising from @entity83 (secondary @entity511 ) from the radiologic archives at the @entity1345 ( @entity1345 ) and identified those @entity1 with @entity5 involving the bones of the foot. There were 755 @entity1 with @entity83 of which 34 (4.8%) involved the foot; there were 340 @entity1 with secondary @entity511 and 14 (4.1%) involved the foot. We compared clinical and radiographic features of both these lesions. We also compared interobserver differences not only for diagnosis but also for the presence of scalloping, @entity174 , @entity2835 , and mineralized matrix. RESULTS: Size and location were statistically significant variables differentiating the two @entity5 (p = 0.03). @entity83 had a mean size of 2.7 cm(2). Lesions that occurred in the hindfoot and midfoot were more likely to be malignant compared to those in the forefoot. In comparing interobserver reliability, most disagreement occurred regarding the presence or absence of matrix with the examiners concurring only 51% of the time. With regard to diagnosis, the examiners' accuracy was 71% and 80%. Their accuracy increased only to 83% when they agreed. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that it is difficult to differentiate @entity83 in the foot. Concern for malignant change is warranted for cartilage @entity3478 of the foot if they exceed 5 cm(2), or if they arise in the midfoot or hindfoot. In these cases, we recommend either biopsy or close clinical followup.

title: Differentiating clinical and radiographic features of XXXX in the foot.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['cortical destruction']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'Chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor', 'malignant transformation from enchondroma', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['enchondroma', 'Enchondromas', 'enchondroma from secondary chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1345 :: ('MESH:C566258', 'Disease') :: ['AFIP', 'Armed Forces Institute of Pathology']

answer: @entity83 :: (MESH:D002812,Disease) :: ['enchondroma and secondary chondrosarcoma']


abstract: Four kindreds with hereditary hypercalcaemia have been investigated. Thirty-seven of 72 subjects examined had hypercalcaemia with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Hypercalcaemic @entity1 had total serum @entity460 of 2.91 +/- 0.12 mmol l-1. Serum @entity461 ( @entity461 ) was normal while daily urinary @entity460 excretion was subnormal (below 2.5 mmol) in 45%. Comparison with an age-matched group of @entity1 with @entity459 gave a small overlap regarding serum human @entity461 , urinary @entity460 and the ratio between @entity460 clearance and @entity1011 clearance. Family screening therefore is of diagnostic importance. Twelve subjects had been subjected to parathyroid surgery before the correct diagnosis was settled, none of the cases had an @entity652 . Three @entity1 became normocalcaemic and the others had persistent hypercalcaemia. One male non-abuser had seven episodes of @entity656 before surgery and none after. The findings in all four kindreds are compatible with @entity2745 ( @entity2745 ). This @entity74 of unknown aetiology, therefore, also exists in Scandinavia. It is of importance to consider @entity2745 in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemia, since this disorder usually has a benign prognosis if untreated.

title: XXXX : a study of four kindreds.

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2745 :: ('MESH:C537145', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia', 'FHH']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disorder']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity2745 :: (MESH:C537145,Disease) :: ['Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia']


abstract: Relatively little is known of the details of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) expression and thymocyte selection in @entity1 thymus. In both @entity1 and @entity19 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules have been described which show a highly restricted thymic expression. Such patterns may offer clues about cellular interactions in thymic selection because @entity19 with MHC expression targeted to specific thymic sites show altered T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire selection. We have analysed @entity1 thymic HLA class II expression, relating the expression pattern to sites of thymocyte apoptosis. While HLA-DQ is poorly expressed by most peripheral antigen-presenting cells (APC), thymus stains strongly for HLA-DQ as well as for HLA-DR. HLA- @entity3918 is abundant in medulla but weakly expressed by cortical cells. Class II expression in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is unusual in several respects: we have previously shown them to be encircled by HLA-DO+ epithelial cells and here further demonstrate that @entity195 are negative for HLA-DR and HLA-DP, but often positive for HLA-DQ and HLA- @entity3918 . Transcriptional control of HLA class II products at this site is thus unlike cells that have previously been studied. Apoptotic thymocytes are restricted to the cortex and the corticomedullary junction. However, a minority of apoptotic cells are visible in the medulla, these being found in the HLA-DQ positive @entity195 . The apoptotic thymocytes in @entity195 can be @entity404 + single positive (SP), @entity405 + SP or @entity404 + @entity405 + double-positive (DP). This study thus shows that the @entity195 within @entity1 thymic medulla are noteworthy both for their unusual hierarchy of HLA class II expression and because they are the only medullary site of thymocyte apoptosis. We propose that @entity195 are a site at which mature thymocytes receive activation/tolerization signals from peptides reprocessed from apoptotic cells. The differential HLA transcriptional control at this site may indicate that specific T-cell subpopulations are affected.

title: T-cell apoptosis and differential human leucocyte antigen class II expression in XXXX thymus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Hassall's corpuscles", 'HC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']