abstract: BACKGROUND: Superparamagnetic @entity1933 Nanoparticles (SPION) are used in diagnostic imaging of a variety of different diseases. For such in-vivo application, an additional coating with a polymer, for example @entity4832 ( @entity939 ), is needed to stabilize the SPION and prevent aggregation. As the particles are foreign to the body, reaction against the SPION could occur. In this study we investigated the effects that SPION may have on experimental @entity625 after intra-articular (i.a.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection. METHODS: @entity939 -coated SPION were injected either i.a. (6 or 24  g @entity68 ) or i.v. (100  g or 1 mg @entity68 ) into na  ve @entity1990 deficient ( @entity1990 -/-) or wild-type C57Bl/6 @entity19 , or C57Bl/6 mice with antigen-induced @entity625 . As control, some @entity19 were injected with @entity939 or PBS. MR imaging was performed at 1 and 7 days after injection. @entity19 were sacrificed 2 hours and 1, 2, 7, 10 and 14 days after injection of the SPION, and RNA from synovium and liver was isolated for pro-inflammatory gene expression analysis. Serum cytokine measurements and whole knee joint histology were also performed. RESULTS: Injection of a high dose of SPION or @entity939 into na  ve knee joints resulted in an immediate upregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression in the synovium. A similar gene expression profile was observed after SPION or @entity939 injection into knee joints of @entity1990 -/- @entity19 , indicating that this effect is not due to @entity558 contamination. Histological analysis of the knee joints also revealed @entity32 after SPION injection. Two hours after i.v. injection of SPION or @entity939 into na  ve @entity19 , an upregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression was detected in the liver. Administration of SPION or @entity939 into arthritic @entity19 via i.a. injection did not result in an upregulation in gene expression and also no additional effects were observed on histology. MR imaging and histology showed long-term retention of SPION in the inflamed joint. However, 14 days after the injections no long-term effects were evident for gene expression, histology or serum cytokine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of SPION, either locally or systemically, gives an acute inflammatory response. In the long term, up to 14 days after the injection, while the SPION reside in the joint, no further activating effects of SPION were observed. Hence, we conclude that SPION do not aggravate @entity625 and can therefore be used safely to detect joint @entity32 by MR imaging.

title: The In-Vivo Use of Superparamagnetic XXXX Nanoparticles to Detect Inflammation Elicits a Cytokine Response but Does Not Aggravate Experimental @entity625 .

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['Iron Oxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) is the most common form of @entity1625 . The most frequent pathologic finding in this condition is @entity131 ( @entity131 ). In addition, in a small proportion (14-23%) of refractory @entity1315 @entity1 , the presence of @entity131 is bilateral. @entity1315 involves grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) abnormalities in a wide cortico-subcortical network. However, the impact of @entity528 on specific WM fiber pathways and associated functional systems as well as @entity410 propagation pathways remains unclear. There is still much controversy regarding the role of the commissures (corpus callosum, hippocampal commissure and anterior commissure) in interhemispheric @entity410 propagation. This study aimed to investigate the integrity of WM interhemispheric connectivity in a singular sample of @entity1 with @entity1315 and bilateral @entity131 using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We performed multimodal structural MRI [high resolution T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)] analyses of seven @entity1 with medically refractory @entity1315 with bilateral @entity131 , fourteen unilateral left @entity1315 @entity1 and fifteen matched healthy individuals. Whole-brain voxel-wise analysis techniques were used. These @entity1 evidenced WM derangement [reduced fractional anisotropy (FA), increased @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) or reduced WM volume] in temporal and extratemporal tracks, but also in commissural pathways, compared to the unilateral left @entity1315 @entity1 and the control group. Presence of reduced FA or increased @entity1893 in the fornix, cingulum and uncinate fasciculus in addition to reduced WM volume in the fornix was also encountered. Neuropsychological assessment was performed without significant correlations with structural data. The current results support the idea that commissural pathways play a contributory role in interhemispheric @entity1315 @entity410 propagation in bilateral @entity131 and offer new perspectives about the long-term effects on interhemispheric connectivity associated with @entity410 propagation patterns in @entity1315 @entity1 .

title: Interhemispheric microstructural connectivity in bitemporal lobe epilepsy with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'Temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Logopenic progressive @entity2026 is one of the clinical presentations of primary progressive @entity2026 and formally defined by the co-occurrence of impaired naming and sentence repetition. Impaired naming is attributed to failure of lexical retrieval, which is a multi-staged process subserved by anatomically segregated brain regions. By dissecting the neurocognitive processes involved in impaired naming, we aimed to disentangle the clinical and neuroanatomical heterogeneity of this syndrome. Twenty-one individuals (66.7% females, age range 53-83 years) who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for logopenic variant and had at least two clinical and language assessments, 1 year apart, were recruited and matched for age, sex distribution and level of education with a healthy control sample (n  =  18). All @entity1 underwent a structural brain scan at the first visit and surface-wise statistical analysis using Freesurfer. Seventeen @entity1 with logopenic variant underwent amyloid imaging, with 14 demonstrating high amyloid retention. Based on their performance on single-word comprehension, repetition and confrontation naming, three subgroups of logopenic cases with distinctive linguistic profiles and distribution of @entity194 were identified. The first subgroup (n  =  10) demonstrated @entity5547 and left-sided @entity194 in the posterior inferior parietal lobule and lateral temporal cortex. The second subgroup (n  =  6), presented additional mild @entity51 , and also exhibited bilateral thinning of the fusiform gyri. The third subgroup (n  =  5) showed additional @entity2414 , and cortical thinning focused on the left superior temporal gyrus. The subgroups differed in the proportion of cases with high amyloid retention and in the rate of decline of naming performance over time, suggesting that neurodegeneration spreads differentially throughout regions subserving word processing. In line with previous reports, these results confirm the extensive damage to the language network and, in part, explain the clinical heterogeneity observed across logopenic cases.

title: Is the logopenic-variant of primary progressive XXXX a unitary disorder?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in single-word comprehension']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired single-word repetition']

entities_list: @entity5547 :: ('MESH:D000849', 'Disease') :: ['pure anomia']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunological disturbances are hypothesised to play a role in @entity7992 ( @entity7992 ) and therefore intravenous immunoglubulins (IVIg) have been tested in @entity7992 @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to investigate the benefits and harms of IVIg versus placebo, no intervention, or treatment as usual in @entity1 with @entity7992 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the published literature in all relevant databases. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials investigating IVIg versus placebo, no intervention, or treatment as usual in @entity1 with @entity7992 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We undertook meta-analyses of aggregated data and individual @entity1 data using a two-step approach, and we conducted bias domain assessments and trial sequential analyses to assess the risks of systematic and random errors. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 11 randomised clinical trials. No significant difference in the frequency of no live birth was found when IVIg was compared with placebo or treatment as usual (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.75-1.12, p = 0.42). Trial sequential analysis showed that the required information size of 1,008 @entity1 was not obtained. IVIg compared with placebo seems to increase the risk of adverse events. Subgroup analysis suggests that @entity1 with @entity7992 after a birth (secondary @entity7992 ) seemed most likely to obtain a potential beneficial effect of IVIg (RR for no live birth 0.77, 95%CI 0.58-1.02, p = 0.06), however, trial sequential analysis showed that insufficient information is presently accrued. CONCLUSION: We cannot recommend or refute IVIg in @entity1 with @entity7992 . IVIg should therefore be assessed in further randomised clinical trials with positive outcomes before any clinical use is considered.

title: The Effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulins in XXXX with Recurrent Miscarriages: A Systematic Review of Randomised Trials with Meta-Analyses and Trial Sequential Analyses Including Individual @entity1 Data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7992 :: ('MESH:D000026', 'Disease') :: ['RM', 'recurrent miscarriage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunological disturbances are hypothesised to play a role in @entity7992 ( @entity7992 ) and therefore intravenous immunoglubulins (IVIg) have been tested in @entity7992 @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to investigate the benefits and harms of IVIg versus placebo, no intervention, or treatment as usual in @entity1 with @entity7992 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the published literature in all relevant databases. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials investigating IVIg versus placebo, no intervention, or treatment as usual in @entity1 with @entity7992 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We undertook meta-analyses of aggregated data and individual @entity1 data using a two-step approach, and we conducted bias domain assessments and trial sequential analyses to assess the risks of systematic and random errors. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 11 randomised clinical trials. No significant difference in the frequency of no live birth was found when IVIg was compared with placebo or treatment as usual (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.75-1.12, p = 0.42). Trial sequential analysis showed that the required information size of 1,008 @entity1 was not obtained. IVIg compared with placebo seems to increase the risk of adverse events. Subgroup analysis suggests that @entity1 with @entity7992 after a birth (secondary @entity7992 ) seemed most likely to obtain a potential beneficial effect of IVIg (RR for no live birth 0.77, 95%CI 0.58-1.02, p = 0.06), however, trial sequential analysis showed that insufficient information is presently accrued. CONCLUSION: We cannot recommend or refute IVIg in @entity1 with @entity7992 . IVIg should therefore be assessed in further randomised clinical trials with positive outcomes before any clinical use is considered.

title: The Effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulins in @entity1 with Recurrent Miscarriages: A Systematic Review of Randomised Trials with Meta-Analyses and Trial Sequential Analyses Including Individual XXXX Data.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the @entity64 Impact Scale (SIS). METHODS: Data was derived from a study assessing a community-based @entity64 rehabilitation program. @entity1 were administered the SIS and Euroqol-5D (EQ-5D-5L) on admission to the study, and at six month and 12 month follow-up. The psychometric performance of each domain of the SIS was assessed at each time point. RESULTS: A total of 164 @entity1 completed outcome measures at baseline, 108 @entity1 at six months and 37 @entity1 at 12 months. Correlation of the SIS domains with the EQ-5D-5L suggested that the dimensions of health contributing to a @entity1 's perception of health-related quality of life changes over time. CONCLUSION: The SIS performed well in a sample of @entity1 undergoing @entity64 rehabilitation in the community. Our findings suggest that the multidimensionality of the SIS may allow health professionals to track @entity1 progress and tailor rehabilitation interventions to target the dimensions of health that are most important to a @entity1 's overall health and perceived quality of life over time. Implications for Rehabilitation There is an increased need for valid and reliable measures to evaluate the outcomes of @entity1 recovering from @entity64 in the community. The @entity64 Impact Scale (SIS) measures multiple domains of health and is well-suited for use in @entity1 recovering from @entity64 in the community. There is a high level of internal consistency in the eight SIS domains with no evidence of floor effects; ceiling effects were noted for several domains. Correlation of the SIS with the Euroqol-5D suggested that the dimensions of health contributing to a @entity1 's perception of health related quality of life changes over time.

title: The XXXX impact scale: performance as a quality of life measure in a community-based @entity64 rehabilitation setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the @entity64 Impact Scale (SIS). METHODS: Data was derived from a study assessing a community-based @entity64 rehabilitation program. @entity1 were administered the SIS and Euroqol-5D (EQ-5D-5L) on admission to the study, and at six month and 12 month follow-up. The psychometric performance of each domain of the SIS was assessed at each time point. RESULTS: A total of 164 @entity1 completed outcome measures at baseline, 108 @entity1 at six months and 37 @entity1 at 12 months. Correlation of the SIS domains with the EQ-5D-5L suggested that the dimensions of health contributing to a @entity1 's perception of health-related quality of life changes over time. CONCLUSION: The SIS performed well in a sample of @entity1 undergoing @entity64 rehabilitation in the community. Our findings suggest that the multidimensionality of the SIS may allow health professionals to track @entity1 progress and tailor rehabilitation interventions to target the dimensions of health that are most important to a @entity1 's overall health and perceived quality of life over time. Implications for Rehabilitation There is an increased need for valid and reliable measures to evaluate the outcomes of @entity1 recovering from @entity64 in the community. The @entity64 Impact Scale (SIS) measures multiple domains of health and is well-suited for use in @entity1 recovering from @entity64 in the community. There is a high level of internal consistency in the eight SIS domains with no evidence of floor effects; ceiling effects were noted for several domains. Correlation of the SIS with the Euroqol-5D suggested that the dimensions of health contributing to a @entity1 's perception of health related quality of life changes over time.

title: The @entity64 impact scale: performance as a quality of life measure in a community-based XXXX rehabilitation setting.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To use a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling system to predict the serum levels achieved by two different intravenous loading doses of @entity3174 . METHODS: A @entity3174 pharmacokinetic model was used in the Simcyp    population-based ADME simulator, simulating 100 @entity1 age 2-10 years receiving intravenous @entity3174 (18 and 20mg/kg). Visual checks were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the candidate model. RESULTS: Loading with doses of 18mg/kg, blood levels were sub-therapeutic in 22/100 (concentration at 2h post infusion (C2h) <10 g/mL), therapeutic in 62/100 (C2h 10-20 g/mL), and supra-therapeutic in 16/100 (C2h>20 g/mL). Loading with 20mg/kg, the percentages were 15, 59, and 26, respectively. Increasing from 18 to 20mg/kg increased the mean C2h from 16.0 to 17.9 g/mL, and the mean AUC from 145 to 162 g/mL/h. A C2h>30 g/mL was predicted in 4% and 8% of @entity1 in the 18 and 20mg/kg doses, with 3% predicted to have a C2h>40 g/mL following either dose. For maintenance doses, a 1st dose of 2.5 or 5mg/kg (intravenous) given at 12h (after either 18 or 20mg/kg loading) gives the highest percentages of 10-20 g/mL serum concentrations. For sub-therapeutic concentrations following intravenous loading (20mg/kg), a 1st maintenance dose (intravenous) of 10mg/kg will achieve therapeutic concentrations in 93%. CONCLUSION: Use of PBPK modelling suggests that @entity1 receiving the 20mg/kg intravenous loading dose are at slightly increased risk of supra-therapeutic blood levels. Ideally, therapeutic drug monitoring is required to monitor serum concentrations, although the dose regime suggested by the BNFc appear appropriate.

title: Comparing paediatric intravenous XXXX doses using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling software.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

answer: @entity3174 :: (MESH:D010672,Chemical) :: ['phenytoin']


abstract: To further characterize the mechanism of impaired growth in @entity1 with @entity1723 , we examined the serum components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in 11 @entity1 with new-onset @entity1723 and followed the effect of insulinization on the IGF system longitudinally 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after starting insulin treatment. Before insulin therapy, serum @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ), and @entity9045 ( @entity9045 ) levels were significantly decreased, whereas @entity10116 and @entity701 were significantly increased in @entity6 @entity1 compared to those in an age-, sex-, and stage of puberty-matched control group. Random serum GH concentrations did not differ significantly. The alterations in the IGF system reversed with insulin therapy in a sequential manner. @entity10116 fell rapidly and was comparable to control values within 24 h after insulin treatment. @entity442 rose 1 week after treatment, reaching levels comparable to those in controls and continued to rise through 1 month of treatment. @entity5100 , @entity2301 , and @entity9045 showed a slower pattern of change, with their levels reaching control values only 1 month after the start of insulin treatment. Improvement in glycemic control, as determined by a change in hemoglobin-A1c, correlated positively with improvement in @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity2301 , @entity9045 , and @entity1017 after 1 month of insulin therapy. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in the IGF system in the insulinopenic state are similar to those during nutritional deprivation and may serve to minimize IGF's anabolic actions. The decreases in @entity442 , @entity5100 , and @entity2301 may in part be due to a decrease in the @entity9045 /receptor. However, the observation that an increase in serum @entity442 was observed earlier than an increase in @entity9045 and without a significant change in serum GH suggests a direct stimulatory effect of insulin on liver @entity442 production or reversal by insulin of some postreceptor defect in GH action independent of @entity9045 .

title: Effect of insulin on the insulin-like growth factor system in @entity1 with new-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-binding protein-3', 'IGFBP-3']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity9045 :: ('2690', 'Gene') :: ['GH-binding protein', 'GHBP']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: To further characterize the mechanism of impaired growth in @entity1 with @entity1723 , we examined the serum components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in 11 @entity1 with new-onset @entity1723 and followed the effect of insulinization on the IGF system longitudinally 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after starting insulin treatment. Before insulin therapy, serum @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ), and @entity9045 ( @entity9045 ) levels were significantly decreased, whereas @entity10116 and @entity701 were significantly increased in @entity6 @entity1 compared to those in an age-, sex-, and stage of puberty-matched control group. Random serum GH concentrations did not differ significantly. The alterations in the IGF system reversed with insulin therapy in a sequential manner. @entity10116 fell rapidly and was comparable to control values within 24 h after insulin treatment. @entity442 rose 1 week after treatment, reaching levels comparable to those in controls and continued to rise through 1 month of treatment. @entity5100 , @entity2301 , and @entity9045 showed a slower pattern of change, with their levels reaching control values only 1 month after the start of insulin treatment. Improvement in glycemic control, as determined by a change in hemoglobin-A1c, correlated positively with improvement in @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity2301 , @entity9045 , and @entity1017 after 1 month of insulin therapy. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in the IGF system in the insulinopenic state are similar to those during nutritional deprivation and may serve to minimize IGF's anabolic actions. The decreases in @entity442 , @entity5100 , and @entity2301 may in part be due to a decrease in the @entity9045 /receptor. However, the observation that an increase in serum @entity442 was observed earlier than an increase in @entity9045 and without a significant change in serum GH suggests a direct stimulatory effect of insulin on liver @entity442 production or reversal by insulin of some postreceptor defect in GH action independent of @entity9045 .

title: Effect of insulin on the insulin-like growth factor system in XXXX with new-onset @entity1723 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previously we reported that @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) acts in synergy with GOS to enhance cell death in @entity1 DU145 cells. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we observed that such synergistic @entity137 of GOS and @entity3262 could be extended to @entity1 A375, HeLa, and PC-3 @entity5 cells. GOS and @entity3262 co-treatment induced robust apoptosis as evidenced by @entity15415 /-3 activation, @entity9190 cleavage, and nuclear fragmentation. GOS and @entity3262 also markedly decreased @entity7596 protein expression. Owing to the reduction of @entity7596 , @entity584 signaling was suppressed, leading to dephosphorylation of @entity16389 . Consequently, @entity16389 was activated and the expression of its target genes, including pro-apoptotic @entity12 and Bim, was upregulated. Supporting this, @entity16389 knockdown attenuated @entity12 and Bim upregulation and apoptosis induction in GOS+ @entity3262 -treated cells. Furthermore, blocking proteasome activity by @entity16626 prevented the downregulation of @entity7596 , dephosphorylation of @entity584 and @entity16389 , and induction of apoptosis in cells co-treated with GOS and @entity3262 . In @entity19 model, GOS and @entity3262 combination significantly inhibited the growth of A375 @entity320 xenografts. Our findings indicate that GOS and @entity3262 co-treatment induces apoptosis in @entity1 @entity5 cells by suppressing the @entity7596 / @entity584 / @entity16389 pathway.

title: The BH3-mimetic gossypol and noncytotoxic doses of @entity1092 induce apoptosis by suppressing @entity7596 / @entity584 / XXXX signaling.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity16389 :: (2309,Gene) :: ['FOXO3a']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previously we reported that @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) acts in synergy with GOS to enhance cell death in @entity1 DU145 cells. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we observed that such synergistic @entity137 of GOS and @entity3262 could be extended to @entity1 A375, HeLa, and PC-3 @entity5 cells. GOS and @entity3262 co-treatment induced robust apoptosis as evidenced by @entity15415 /-3 activation, @entity9190 cleavage, and nuclear fragmentation. GOS and @entity3262 also markedly decreased @entity7596 protein expression. Owing to the reduction of @entity7596 , @entity584 signaling was suppressed, leading to dephosphorylation of @entity16389 . Consequently, @entity16389 was activated and the expression of its target genes, including pro-apoptotic @entity12 and Bim, was upregulated. Supporting this, @entity16389 knockdown attenuated @entity12 and Bim upregulation and apoptosis induction in GOS+ @entity3262 -treated cells. Furthermore, blocking proteasome activity by @entity16626 prevented the downregulation of @entity7596 , dephosphorylation of @entity584 and @entity16389 , and induction of apoptosis in cells co-treated with GOS and @entity3262 . In @entity19 model, GOS and @entity3262 combination significantly inhibited the growth of A375 @entity320 xenografts. Our findings indicate that GOS and @entity3262 co-treatment induces apoptosis in @entity1 @entity5 cells by suppressing the @entity7596 / @entity584 / @entity16389 pathway.

title: The BH3-mimetic gossypol and noncytotoxic doses of XXXX induce apoptosis by suppressing @entity7596 / @entity584 / @entity16389 signaling.

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previously we reported that @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) acts in synergy with GOS to enhance cell death in @entity1 DU145 cells. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we observed that such synergistic @entity137 of GOS and @entity3262 could be extended to @entity1 A375, HeLa, and PC-3 @entity5 cells. GOS and @entity3262 co-treatment induced robust apoptosis as evidenced by @entity15415 /-3 activation, @entity9190 cleavage, and nuclear fragmentation. GOS and @entity3262 also markedly decreased @entity7596 protein expression. Owing to the reduction of @entity7596 , @entity584 signaling was suppressed, leading to dephosphorylation of @entity16389 . Consequently, @entity16389 was activated and the expression of its target genes, including pro-apoptotic @entity12 and Bim, was upregulated. Supporting this, @entity16389 knockdown attenuated @entity12 and Bim upregulation and apoptosis induction in GOS+ @entity3262 -treated cells. Furthermore, blocking proteasome activity by @entity16626 prevented the downregulation of @entity7596 , dephosphorylation of @entity584 and @entity16389 , and induction of apoptosis in cells co-treated with GOS and @entity3262 . In @entity19 model, GOS and @entity3262 combination significantly inhibited the growth of A375 @entity320 xenografts. Our findings indicate that GOS and @entity3262 co-treatment induces apoptosis in @entity1 @entity5 cells by suppressing the @entity7596 / @entity584 / @entity16389 pathway.

title: The BH3-mimetic gossypol and noncytotoxic doses of @entity1092 induce apoptosis by suppressing XXXX / @entity584 / @entity16389 signaling.

answer: @entity7596 :: (890,Gene) :: ['cyclin-A2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previously we reported that @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) acts in synergy with GOS to enhance cell death in @entity1 DU145 cells. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we observed that such synergistic @entity137 of GOS and @entity3262 could be extended to @entity1 A375, HeLa, and PC-3 @entity5 cells. GOS and @entity3262 co-treatment induced robust apoptosis as evidenced by @entity15415 /-3 activation, @entity9190 cleavage, and nuclear fragmentation. GOS and @entity3262 also markedly decreased @entity7596 protein expression. Owing to the reduction of @entity7596 , @entity584 signaling was suppressed, leading to dephosphorylation of @entity16389 . Consequently, @entity16389 was activated and the expression of its target genes, including pro-apoptotic @entity12 and Bim, was upregulated. Supporting this, @entity16389 knockdown attenuated @entity12 and Bim upregulation and apoptosis induction in GOS+ @entity3262 -treated cells. Furthermore, blocking proteasome activity by @entity16626 prevented the downregulation of @entity7596 , dephosphorylation of @entity584 and @entity16389 , and induction of apoptosis in cells co-treated with GOS and @entity3262 . In @entity19 model, GOS and @entity3262 combination significantly inhibited the growth of A375 @entity320 xenografts. Our findings indicate that GOS and @entity3262 co-treatment induces apoptosis in @entity1 @entity5 cells by suppressing the @entity7596 / @entity584 / @entity16389 pathway.

title: The BH3-mimetic gossypol and noncytotoxic doses of @entity1092 induce apoptosis by suppressing @entity7596 / XXXX / @entity16389 signaling.

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2857 is a kinase inhibitor used as anticancer drug against various @entity1 @entity5 , including advanced @entity157 ( @entity157 ). @entity3546 and @entity30405 ( @entity58620 ) are overexpressed in @entity157 and other @entity5 . Previous studies have shown that @entity58620 expression modulates the response of @entity157 cells to @entity2857 . However, the underlying mechanism of @entity58620 activity in this context remains unclear. We show here that @entity2857 inhibits both @entity3546 and @entity58620 in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing @entity3546 reduces @entity58620 level and sensitizes @entity157 cells to @entity2857 . In contrast, ectopic expression of @entity3546 induces @entity58620 expression and cell resistance to the drug. @entity2857 inhibits @entity58620 expression at the transcriptional level by inhibiting the @entity3546 pathway. @entity4334 deletion analysis of the @entity58620 gene promoter reveals that a DNA segment lying 1,500-1,600 bp upstream of the @entity58620 transcription start site represents an AP-1-binding site that is critical for @entity3546 modulation of gene transcription in response to @entity2857 . In addition, chemical inhibitors that target @entity4675 abrogate @entity3546 /AP-1 binding to the endogenous @entity58620 gene and reduces @entity58620 transcription and protein expression. Silencing of @entity3546 or @entity1639 induces similar effects on gene regulation and these are reversed by ectopic expression of @entity3546 . Mutations in the @entity58620 promoter at the predicted @entity3546 /AP-1 binding site partly abrogate @entity2857 's effects on @entity58620 transcription. These results indicate that @entity58620 is induced by the oncoprotein @entity3546 and protects @entity157 cells against @entity2857 -induced cell death. The @entity3546 / @entity4675 / @entity58620 @entity2270 may thus represent a novel target for chemotherapy against @entity157 .

title: Identification of the XXXX / @entity4675 / @entity30405 @entity2270 as a novel target of @entity2857 in @entity157 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['b-catenin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2857 is a kinase inhibitor used as anticancer drug against various @entity1 @entity5 , including advanced @entity157 ( @entity157 ). @entity3546 and @entity30405 ( @entity58620 ) are overexpressed in @entity157 and other @entity5 . Previous studies have shown that @entity58620 expression modulates the response of @entity157 cells to @entity2857 . However, the underlying mechanism of @entity58620 activity in this context remains unclear. We show here that @entity2857 inhibits both @entity3546 and @entity58620 in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing @entity3546 reduces @entity58620 level and sensitizes @entity157 cells to @entity2857 . In contrast, ectopic expression of @entity3546 induces @entity58620 expression and cell resistance to the drug. @entity2857 inhibits @entity58620 expression at the transcriptional level by inhibiting the @entity3546 pathway. @entity4334 deletion analysis of the @entity58620 gene promoter reveals that a DNA segment lying 1,500-1,600 bp upstream of the @entity58620 transcription start site represents an AP-1-binding site that is critical for @entity3546 modulation of gene transcription in response to @entity2857 . In addition, chemical inhibitors that target @entity4675 abrogate @entity3546 /AP-1 binding to the endogenous @entity58620 gene and reduces @entity58620 transcription and protein expression. Silencing of @entity3546 or @entity1639 induces similar effects on gene regulation and these are reversed by ectopic expression of @entity3546 . Mutations in the @entity58620 promoter at the predicted @entity3546 /AP-1 binding site partly abrogate @entity2857 's effects on @entity58620 transcription. These results indicate that @entity58620 is induced by the oncoprotein @entity3546 and protects @entity157 cells against @entity2857 -induced cell death. The @entity3546 / @entity4675 / @entity58620 @entity2270 may thus represent a novel target for chemotherapy against @entity157 .

title: Identification of the @entity3546 / @entity4675 / @entity30405 XXXX as a novel target of @entity2857 in @entity157 cells.

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['axis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2857 is a kinase inhibitor used as anticancer drug against various @entity1 @entity5 , including advanced @entity157 ( @entity157 ). @entity3546 and @entity30405 ( @entity58620 ) are overexpressed in @entity157 and other @entity5 . Previous studies have shown that @entity58620 expression modulates the response of @entity157 cells to @entity2857 . However, the underlying mechanism of @entity58620 activity in this context remains unclear. We show here that @entity2857 inhibits both @entity3546 and @entity58620 in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing @entity3546 reduces @entity58620 level and sensitizes @entity157 cells to @entity2857 . In contrast, ectopic expression of @entity3546 induces @entity58620 expression and cell resistance to the drug. @entity2857 inhibits @entity58620 expression at the transcriptional level by inhibiting the @entity3546 pathway. @entity4334 deletion analysis of the @entity58620 gene promoter reveals that a DNA segment lying 1,500-1,600 bp upstream of the @entity58620 transcription start site represents an AP-1-binding site that is critical for @entity3546 modulation of gene transcription in response to @entity2857 . In addition, chemical inhibitors that target @entity4675 abrogate @entity3546 /AP-1 binding to the endogenous @entity58620 gene and reduces @entity58620 transcription and protein expression. Silencing of @entity3546 or @entity1639 induces similar effects on gene regulation and these are reversed by ectopic expression of @entity3546 . Mutations in the @entity58620 promoter at the predicted @entity3546 /AP-1 binding site partly abrogate @entity2857 's effects on @entity58620 transcription. These results indicate that @entity58620 is induced by the oncoprotein @entity3546 and protects @entity157 cells against @entity2857 -induced cell death. The @entity3546 / @entity4675 / @entity58620 @entity2270 may thus represent a novel target for chemotherapy against @entity157 .

title: Identification of the @entity3546 / @entity4675 / @entity30405 @entity2270 as a novel target of XXXX in @entity157 cells.

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2857 is a kinase inhibitor used as anticancer drug against various @entity1 @entity5 , including advanced @entity157 ( @entity157 ). @entity3546 and @entity30405 ( @entity58620 ) are overexpressed in @entity157 and other @entity5 . Previous studies have shown that @entity58620 expression modulates the response of @entity157 cells to @entity2857 . However, the underlying mechanism of @entity58620 activity in this context remains unclear. We show here that @entity2857 inhibits both @entity3546 and @entity58620 in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing @entity3546 reduces @entity58620 level and sensitizes @entity157 cells to @entity2857 . In contrast, ectopic expression of @entity3546 induces @entity58620 expression and cell resistance to the drug. @entity2857 inhibits @entity58620 expression at the transcriptional level by inhibiting the @entity3546 pathway. @entity4334 deletion analysis of the @entity58620 gene promoter reveals that a DNA segment lying 1,500-1,600 bp upstream of the @entity58620 transcription start site represents an AP-1-binding site that is critical for @entity3546 modulation of gene transcription in response to @entity2857 . In addition, chemical inhibitors that target @entity4675 abrogate @entity3546 /AP-1 binding to the endogenous @entity58620 gene and reduces @entity58620 transcription and protein expression. Silencing of @entity3546 or @entity1639 induces similar effects on gene regulation and these are reversed by ectopic expression of @entity3546 . Mutations in the @entity58620 promoter at the predicted @entity3546 /AP-1 binding site partly abrogate @entity2857 's effects on @entity58620 transcription. These results indicate that @entity58620 is induced by the oncoprotein @entity3546 and protects @entity157 cells against @entity2857 -induced cell death. The @entity3546 / @entity4675 / @entity58620 @entity2270 may thus represent a novel target for chemotherapy against @entity157 .

title: Identification of the @entity3546 / @entity4675 / XXXX @entity2270 as a novel target of @entity2857 in @entity157 cells.

answer: @entity30405 :: (100506248,Gene) :: ['prothymosin-alpha']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2857 is a kinase inhibitor used as anticancer drug against various @entity1 @entity5 , including advanced @entity157 ( @entity157 ). @entity3546 and @entity30405 ( @entity58620 ) are overexpressed in @entity157 and other @entity5 . Previous studies have shown that @entity58620 expression modulates the response of @entity157 cells to @entity2857 . However, the underlying mechanism of @entity58620 activity in this context remains unclear. We show here that @entity2857 inhibits both @entity3546 and @entity58620 in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing @entity3546 reduces @entity58620 level and sensitizes @entity157 cells to @entity2857 . In contrast, ectopic expression of @entity3546 induces @entity58620 expression and cell resistance to the drug. @entity2857 inhibits @entity58620 expression at the transcriptional level by inhibiting the @entity3546 pathway. @entity4334 deletion analysis of the @entity58620 gene promoter reveals that a DNA segment lying 1,500-1,600 bp upstream of the @entity58620 transcription start site represents an AP-1-binding site that is critical for @entity3546 modulation of gene transcription in response to @entity2857 . In addition, chemical inhibitors that target @entity4675 abrogate @entity3546 /AP-1 binding to the endogenous @entity58620 gene and reduces @entity58620 transcription and protein expression. Silencing of @entity3546 or @entity1639 induces similar effects on gene regulation and these are reversed by ectopic expression of @entity3546 . Mutations in the @entity58620 promoter at the predicted @entity3546 /AP-1 binding site partly abrogate @entity2857 's effects on @entity58620 transcription. These results indicate that @entity58620 is induced by the oncoprotein @entity3546 and protects @entity157 cells against @entity2857 -induced cell death. The @entity3546 / @entity4675 / @entity58620 @entity2270 may thus represent a novel target for chemotherapy against @entity157 .

title: Identification of the @entity3546 / @entity4675 / @entity30405 @entity2270 as a novel target of @entity2857 in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2857 is a kinase inhibitor used as anticancer drug against various @entity1 @entity5 , including advanced @entity157 ( @entity157 ). @entity3546 and @entity30405 ( @entity58620 ) are overexpressed in @entity157 and other @entity5 . Previous studies have shown that @entity58620 expression modulates the response of @entity157 cells to @entity2857 . However, the underlying mechanism of @entity58620 activity in this context remains unclear. We show here that @entity2857 inhibits both @entity3546 and @entity58620 in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing @entity3546 reduces @entity58620 level and sensitizes @entity157 cells to @entity2857 . In contrast, ectopic expression of @entity3546 induces @entity58620 expression and cell resistance to the drug. @entity2857 inhibits @entity58620 expression at the transcriptional level by inhibiting the @entity3546 pathway. @entity4334 deletion analysis of the @entity58620 gene promoter reveals that a DNA segment lying 1,500-1,600 bp upstream of the @entity58620 transcription start site represents an AP-1-binding site that is critical for @entity3546 modulation of gene transcription in response to @entity2857 . In addition, chemical inhibitors that target @entity4675 abrogate @entity3546 /AP-1 binding to the endogenous @entity58620 gene and reduces @entity58620 transcription and protein expression. Silencing of @entity3546 or @entity1639 induces similar effects on gene regulation and these are reversed by ectopic expression of @entity3546 . Mutations in the @entity58620 promoter at the predicted @entity3546 /AP-1 binding site partly abrogate @entity2857 's effects on @entity58620 transcription. These results indicate that @entity58620 is induced by the oncoprotein @entity3546 and protects @entity157 cells against @entity2857 -induced cell death. The @entity3546 / @entity4675 / @entity58620 @entity2270 may thus represent a novel target for chemotherapy against @entity157 .

title: Identification of the @entity3546 / XXXX / @entity30405 @entity2270 as a novel target of @entity2857 in @entity157 cells.

answer: @entity4675 :: (5599,Gene) :: ['JNK']


abstract: OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESIS: To establish the reliability and validity of the Dutch version of the @entity3577 /Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) in @entity1 with @entity3087 . METHODS: The PISQ-12 was translated into Dutch following a standardized translation process. A group of 124 @entity1 involved in a heterosexual relationship who had had symptoms of @entity322 , @entity3577 for at least 3  months were eligible for inclusion. A reference group was used for assessment of discriminative ability. Data were analyzed for internal consistency, reproducibility, construct validity, responsiveness, and interpretability. An alteration was made to item 12 and was corrected for during the analysis. RESULTS: The @entity1 group comprised 70 of the 124 eligible @entity1 , and the reference group comprised 208 @entity1 from a panel representative of the Dutch female population. The Dutch PISQ-12 showed an adequate internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.57  -  0.69, increasing with correction for item 12 to 0.69 - 0.75, for the reference and @entity1 group, respectively. Scores in the @entity1 group were lower (32.6        6.9) than in the reference group (36.3        4.8; p   =   0.0001), indicating a lower sexual function in the @entity1 group and good discriminative ability. Reproducibility was excellent with an intraclass correlation coefficient for agreement of 0.93 (0.88  -  0.96). A positive correlation was found with the Short Form-12 Health Survey (SF-12) measure representing good criterion validity. Due to the small number of @entity1 who had received treatment at the 6-month follow-up, no significant responsiveness could be established. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the Dutch version of the PISQ-12 has good validity and reliability. The PISQ-12 will enable Dutch physicians to evaluate @entity250 in @entity1 with @entity3087 .

title: The XXXX /Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12): validation of the Dutch version.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor dysfunction', 'pelvic floor disorders']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse', 'Pelvic Organ Prolapse']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['Pelvic Organ Prolapse']


abstract: Background/Aims: Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) has been performed as an adjunct to endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) during radiocontrast cholangiography (RC). Radiation exposure during RC poses a health risk to both @entity1 and examiners. We evaluated the feasibility of IDUS without RC in various extrahepatic @entity253 . Methods: IDUS was performed with the insertion of an IDUS probe from the papilla of Vater to the confluent portion of the common hepatic duct without fluoroscopy. The technical success rate and procedure-related complications were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Wire-guided IDUS without RC was performed in 105 @entity1 . The mean age was 66.5 years, and 50 (47.6%) were male. The IDUS diagnoses included @entity2877 (73, 69.5%), benign biliary stricture (11, 10.5%), @entity2877 with @entity788 (9, 8.6%), @entity1126 (5, 4.8%), @entity788 (1, 0.9%), and others (6, 5.7%). After IDUS, 66 (62.8%) underwent stone removal, 19 (18.1%) underwent biliary drainage, and 7 (6.6%) underwent brush cytology and biopsy. No significant complications such as perforation or severe @entity788 occurred. Conclusions: IDUS without RC was a feasible and safe approach in @entity1 with various extrahepatic @entity253 . We anticipate a potentially important role of IDUS in various ERC procedures because it lacks the hazards of RC.

title: Intraductal Ultrasonography without Radiocontrast Cholangiogram in XXXX with Extrahepatic Biliary Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct cancer']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary diseases']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity4756 peptides such as substance P and @entity16423 have been widely studied as mediators of @entity158 transmission. The expression of neurokinin-1 and neurokinin-3 receptor messenger RNAs in the spinal cord is increased following intense nociception. The opiate ligands @entity1286 and @entity836 alter behavioral responses to @entity406 -induced @entity158 and alter evoked substance P release. This study investigated whether these opiates similarly alter the expression of substance P-, @entity16423 -, @entity16325 - and neurokinin-3 receptor-encoding messenger RNAs in spinal systems following @entity406 -induced nociception. Expression levels of various messenger RNAs were quantitated using solution hybridization-nuclease protection assays. Six hours after hindpaw treatment, the levels of substance P-encoding preprotachykinin messenger RNA in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia and @entity16423 , @entity16325 and neurokinin-3 receptor messenger RNAs in the lumbar dorsal horn were increased by approximately two-fold as compared to sham-treated controls. Pretreatment with @entity836 resulted in a further increase in the nociception-induced substance P messenger RNA expression in the dorsal root ganglia; preprotachykinin messenger RNA expression was not affected by @entity1286 . Nociception-induced @entity16325 messenger RNA expression in the dorsal horn was blocked by @entity1286 , but was not affected by @entity836 . Both @entity1286 and @entity836 blocked the @entity406 -induced increases in @entity16423 and neurokinin-3 receptor messenger RNA levels. Increased @entity16423 messenger RNA expression may reflect increased @entity16423 turnover in spinal interneurons activated by nociception. Neurokinin-3 receptor messenger RNA expression levels varied closely with, and thus may be regulated by, the levels of @entity16423 messenger RNA in the same regions. The results of this study indicate that pretreatment with opiate ligands modulates the expression of @entity4756 peptide and neurokinin receptor encoding mRNAs in spinal systems following a peripheral chemogenic inflammatory stimulus. Thus, endogenous opioid systems may be involved in activity-induced changes in the expression of spinal @entity4756 peptides and neurokinin receptors.

title: The @entity406 -induced expression of XXXX peptide and neurokinin receptor messenger RNAs in rat sensory ganglia and spinal cord is modulated by opiate preadministration.

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['Tachykinin', 'tachykinin']

answer: @entity4756 :: (MESH:D015320,Chemical) :: ['tachykinin']


abstract: @entity4756 peptides such as substance P and @entity16423 have been widely studied as mediators of @entity158 transmission. The expression of neurokinin-1 and neurokinin-3 receptor messenger RNAs in the spinal cord is increased following intense nociception. The opiate ligands @entity1286 and @entity836 alter behavioral responses to @entity406 -induced @entity158 and alter evoked substance P release. This study investigated whether these opiates similarly alter the expression of substance P-, @entity16423 -, @entity16325 - and neurokinin-3 receptor-encoding messenger RNAs in spinal systems following @entity406 -induced nociception. Expression levels of various messenger RNAs were quantitated using solution hybridization-nuclease protection assays. Six hours after hindpaw treatment, the levels of substance P-encoding preprotachykinin messenger RNA in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia and @entity16423 , @entity16325 and neurokinin-3 receptor messenger RNAs in the lumbar dorsal horn were increased by approximately two-fold as compared to sham-treated controls. Pretreatment with @entity836 resulted in a further increase in the nociception-induced substance P messenger RNA expression in the dorsal root ganglia; preprotachykinin messenger RNA expression was not affected by @entity1286 . Nociception-induced @entity16325 messenger RNA expression in the dorsal horn was blocked by @entity1286 , but was not affected by @entity836 . Both @entity1286 and @entity836 blocked the @entity406 -induced increases in @entity16423 and neurokinin-3 receptor messenger RNA levels. Increased @entity16423 messenger RNA expression may reflect increased @entity16423 turnover in spinal interneurons activated by nociception. Neurokinin-3 receptor messenger RNA expression levels varied closely with, and thus may be regulated by, the levels of @entity16423 messenger RNA in the same regions. The results of this study indicate that pretreatment with opiate ligands modulates the expression of @entity4756 peptide and neurokinin receptor encoding mRNAs in spinal systems following a peripheral chemogenic inflammatory stimulus. Thus, endogenous opioid systems may be involved in activity-induced changes in the expression of spinal @entity4756 peptides and neurokinin receptors.

title: The XXXX -induced expression of @entity4756 peptide and neurokinin receptor messenger RNAs in rat sensory ganglia and spinal cord is modulated by opiate preadministration.

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formalin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Petrous apex cephalocele (PAC) is a rare lesion that has been linked to @entity4776 in several case reports. The aim of this study is to document the incidence of @entity4776 and PAC in consecutive brain MRI studies and study the association between these two lesions to better understand the underlying etiology of PAC. METHODS: A total of 2410 brain MRI studies were performed in our institution in the period from January 2011 to December 2011. After eliminating duplicated studies, a total of 2093 studies met our inclusion criteria. Retrospective analysis of @entity1 ' head MRI was performed by two radiologists independently to identify the presence of @entity4776 and/or PAC. RESULTS: Empty sella was found in 322 (15.4  %) @entity1 . PAC was found in 111 (5.3  %) @entity1 (age range 6-81  years) of which 87 were females and 24 were males. Of all the @entity1 with PAC, 77 (69.4  %) @entity1 had associated @entity4776 . Bilateral PAC was more common and seen in 77 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: PAC is associated with @entity4776 , and both lesions are probably related to the same cause.

title: The association between petrous apex cephalocele and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella']

answer: @entity4776 :: (MESH:D004652,Disease) :: ['empty sella']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2411 ( @entity2411 ) is suspected to be the most frequent cause of @entity2411 in premenopausal @entity1 . Based on the onset of @entity2411 relative to the start of sexual experience, @entity2411 can be divided into primary (PVD1) and secondary @entity2411 (PVD2). Studies comparing these @entity2411 subgroups are inconclusive as to whether differences exist in sexual and psychosocial functioning. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the @entity158 , sexual and psychosocial functioning of a large clinical and community-based sample of premenopausal @entity1 with PVD1 and PVD2. METHODS: A total of 269 @entity1 (n   =   94 PVD1; n   =   175 PVD2) completed measures on sociodemographics, @entity158 , sexual, and psychosocial functioning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dependent variables were the 0-10 @entity158 numerical rating scale, McGill-Melzack @entity158 Questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index, Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Painful Intercourse Self-Efficacy Scale, @entity158 Catastrophizing Scale, State-Trait @entity148 Inventory Trait Subscale, Ambivalence over Emotional Expression Questionnaire, Hurlbert Index of Sexual Assertiveness, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale-Revised. RESULTS: At first sexual relationship, @entity1 with PVD2 were significantly younger than @entity1 with PVD1 (P   <   0.01). The average relationship duration was significantly longer in @entity1 with PVD2 compared with @entity1 with PVD1 (P   <   0.01). Although @entity1 with PVD1 described a significantly longer duration of @entity158 compared with @entity1 with PVD2 (P   <   0.01), no significant subtype differences were found in @entity158 intensity during intercourse. When controlling for the sociodemographics mentioned earlier, no significant differences were found in sexual, psychological, and relational functioning between the @entity2411 subgroups. Nevertheless, on average, both groups were in the clinical range of @entity250 and reported @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that there are no significant differences in the sexual and psychosocial profiles of @entity1 with PVD1 and PVD2. Results suggest that similar psychosocial and sex therapy interventions should be offered to both subgroups of @entity2411 . Aerts L, Bergeron S, Corsini-Munt S, Steben M, and P  quet M. Are primary and secondary provoked @entity2411 two different entities? A comparison of @entity158 , psychosocial, and sexual characteristics. J Sex Med **;**:**-**.

title: Are Primary and Secondary Provoked Vestibulodynia Two Different Entities? A Comparison of XXXX , Psychosocial, and Sexual Characteristics.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired psychological functioning']

entities_list: @entity2411 :: ('MESH:D056650', 'Disease') :: ['PVD', 'vestibulodynia', 'vulvodynia', 'Provoked vestibulodynia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: We report our experience with a new thermosensitive stent (Memotherm), which has been invented recently as an alternative method for treatment of @entity1067 . The wall of this stent is a thermoreactive mesh made of @entity5648 , which reaches its maximum force of expansion at body temperature. Its high degree of flexibility allows the Memotherm stent to fit the natural course of the prostatic urethra. This stent is available in different sizes between 2 and 8 cm to meet the demand for different lengths of prostatic urethra. Furthermore, the meshed structure of this stent allows its atraumatic removal. From April 1992 to September 1993, 54 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1067 and Memotherm stents inserted. The mean @entity1 age was 76.1 years (range 61-98 years). @entity1 were considered suitable for treatment with the Memotherm stent when they presented with a poor operative risk. Mean prostatic volume was 51.9 +/- 25 ml (20-150 ml), and on average a stent measured 32.3 +/- 9.5 mm (20-70 mm). Preoperatively, only 14 @entity1 (26%) were able to void, and 40 @entity1 (74%) had had a transurethral or suprapubic catheter placed. After placement of the Memotherm stent, 53 of 54 @entity1 were able to void. In the @entity1 who were able to void preoperatively, the mean maximum flow rate increased from 4.5 ml/s to 15.8 ml/s within the first 6 months after treatment. Within the same period of time, the mean residual urine volume decreased from 194.4 ml to 11.8 ml, and the AUA 6-Symptom Score improved from 24 to 3.5 points. All differences are statistically significant (P < 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Initial experiences with the Memotherm Stent in treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Colonization factors (CFs) mediate early adhesion of Enterotoxigenic @entity526 (ETEC) in the small intestine. Environmental signals including bile, @entity413 , and contact with epithelial cells have previously been shown to modulate @entity1577 expression in a strain dependent manner. To identify novel components modulating @entity1577 surface expression, 20 components relevant to the intestinal environment were selected for evaluation. These included @entity3558 , @entity3157 , @entity1063 , @entity6186 , @entity505 sources, and cations. Effects of individual components on surface expression of the archetype @entity1577 , @entity3795 /I, were screened using a fractional factorial Hadamard matrix incorporating 24 growth conditions. As most CFs agglutinate erythrocytes, surface expression was evaluated by @entity3913 resistant hemagglutination. Seven components, including porcine gastric @entity3558 , @entity6186 , @entity3264 , and @entity413 were found to induce @entity3795 /I surface expression in vitro in a minimal media while five others were inhibitory, including @entity368 and @entity7437 . To further explore the effect of components positively influencing @entity3795 /I surface expression, a response surface methodology (RSM) was designed incorporating 36 growth conditions. The optimum concentration for each component was identified, thereby generating a novel culture media, SP1, for @entity3795 /I expression. CFs closely related to @entity3795 /I, including CS4 and CS14 were similarly induced in SP1 media. Other epidemiologically relevant CFs were also induced when compared to the level obtained in minimal media. These results indicate that although @entity1577 surface expression is complex and highly variable among strains, the @entity1577 response can be predicted for closely related strains. A novel culture media inducing CFs in the CF5a group was successfully identified. In addition, @entity3558 was found to positively influence @entity1577 expression in strains expressing either @entity3795 /I or CS1 and CS3, and may function as a common environmental cue.

title: Identification of Novel Components Influencing Colonization Factor Antigen I Expression in Enterotoxigenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity6186 :: ('MESH:D008034', 'Chemical') :: ['lincomycin']

entities_list: @entity7437 :: ('MESH:C025205', 'Chemical') :: ['1,10-phenanthroline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aims: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) has gained popularity as an alternative to percutaneous biliary drainage for @entity1 in whom endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has failed. There are no previous studies comparing EUS-CDS with endoscopic transpapillary stenting (ETS) as first-line treatment for distal malignant obstruction. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of EUS-CDS and ETS as first-line treatment in @entity1 with distal malignant @entity253 . @entity1 and methods: A total of 82 @entity1 with distal malignant @entity253 underwent initial biliary drainage using self-expandable metal stents at a tertiary care university hospital. ETS was performed between June 2009 and May 2012, and EUS-CDS was performed between May 2012 and March 2014. Clinical success rates, adverse event rates, and reintervention rates were retrospectively evaluated for EUS-CDS and ETS. Results: A total of 26 @entity1 underwent EUS-CDS and 56 underwent ETS.Clinical success rates were equivalent between the groups (EUS-CDS 96.2%, ETS 98.2%; P=0.54). The mean procedure time was significantly shorter with EUS-CDS than with ETS (19.7 vs. 30.2 minutes; P<0.01). The rate of overall adverse events was not significantly different between the groups (EUS-CDS 26.9%, ETS 35.7%; P=0.46). Post-procedural @entity788 was only observed in the ETS group (0% vs. 16.1%; P=0.03). The reintervention rate at 1 year was 16.6% and 13.6% for EUS-CDS and ETS, respectively (P=0.50). Conclusions: EUS-CDS performed by expert endoscopists was associated with a short procedure time and no risk of @entity788 , and would therefore be feasible as a first-line treatment for @entity1 with distal malignant @entity253 .

title: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy vs. transpapillary stenting for distal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary obstruction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High-risk @entity521 remains one of the most important therapeutic challenges for pediatric oncologists. New agents or regimens are urgently needed to improve the treatment outcome of this fatal @entity5 . We examined the effect of @entity15152 ( @entity15152 ) inhibitors in a combination with other chemotherapeutics on a high-risk @entity521 UKF- @entity1 cell line. Treatment of UKF- @entity1 cells with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics @entity900 or @entity2879 combined with the @entity15152 inhibitor @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) resulted in the synergistic antitumor effect. This was associated with @entity522 -dependent induction of apoptosis. Another @entity15152 inhibitor @entity3996 and a derivative of @entity3262 that does not exhibit @entity15152 inhibitory activity, @entity2148 , lacked this effect. The synergism was only induced when @entity3262 was combined with cytostatics targeted to cellular DNA; @entity3262 does not potentiate the @entity137 of the anticancer drug @entity1891 that acts by a mechanism different from that of DNA damage. The @entity3262 -mediated sensitization of UKF- @entity1 cells to @entity900 or @entity2879 was dependent on the sequence of drug administration; the potentiating effect was only produced either by simultaneous treatment with these drugs or when the cells were pretreated with @entity900 or @entity2879 before their exposure to @entity3262 . The synergistic effects of @entity3262 with @entity900 or @entity2879 were associated with changes in the acetylation status of histones H3 and H4. The results of this study provide a rationale for clinical evaluation of the combination of @entity3262 and @entity900 or @entity2879 for treating @entity1 suffering from high-risk @entity521 .

title: The synergistic effects of DNA-damaging drugs XXXX and @entity2879 with a @entity15152 inhibitor @entity1092 in high-risk @entity521 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity15152 :: ('9734', 'Gene') :: ['HDAC', 'histone deacetylase']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity2148 :: ('MESH:C004651', 'Chemical') :: ['valpromide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High-risk @entity521 remains one of the most important therapeutic challenges for pediatric oncologists. New agents or regimens are urgently needed to improve the treatment outcome of this fatal @entity5 . We examined the effect of @entity15152 ( @entity15152 ) inhibitors in a combination with other chemotherapeutics on a high-risk @entity521 UKF- @entity1 cell line. Treatment of UKF- @entity1 cells with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics @entity900 or @entity2879 combined with the @entity15152 inhibitor @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) resulted in the synergistic antitumor effect. This was associated with @entity522 -dependent induction of apoptosis. Another @entity15152 inhibitor @entity3996 and a derivative of @entity3262 that does not exhibit @entity15152 inhibitory activity, @entity2148 , lacked this effect. The synergism was only induced when @entity3262 was combined with cytostatics targeted to cellular DNA; @entity3262 does not potentiate the @entity137 of the anticancer drug @entity1891 that acts by a mechanism different from that of DNA damage. The @entity3262 -mediated sensitization of UKF- @entity1 cells to @entity900 or @entity2879 was dependent on the sequence of drug administration; the potentiating effect was only produced either by simultaneous treatment with these drugs or when the cells were pretreated with @entity900 or @entity2879 before their exposure to @entity3262 . The synergistic effects of @entity3262 with @entity900 or @entity2879 were associated with changes in the acetylation status of histones H3 and H4. The results of this study provide a rationale for clinical evaluation of the combination of @entity3262 and @entity900 or @entity2879 for treating @entity1 suffering from high-risk @entity521 .

title: The synergistic effects of DNA-damaging drugs @entity900 and XXXX with a @entity15152 inhibitor @entity1092 in high-risk @entity521 cells.

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High-risk @entity521 remains one of the most important therapeutic challenges for pediatric oncologists. New agents or regimens are urgently needed to improve the treatment outcome of this fatal @entity5 . We examined the effect of @entity15152 ( @entity15152 ) inhibitors in a combination with other chemotherapeutics on a high-risk @entity521 UKF- @entity1 cell line. Treatment of UKF- @entity1 cells with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics @entity900 or @entity2879 combined with the @entity15152 inhibitor @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) resulted in the synergistic antitumor effect. This was associated with @entity522 -dependent induction of apoptosis. Another @entity15152 inhibitor @entity3996 and a derivative of @entity3262 that does not exhibit @entity15152 inhibitory activity, @entity2148 , lacked this effect. The synergism was only induced when @entity3262 was combined with cytostatics targeted to cellular DNA; @entity3262 does not potentiate the @entity137 of the anticancer drug @entity1891 that acts by a mechanism different from that of DNA damage. The @entity3262 -mediated sensitization of UKF- @entity1 cells to @entity900 or @entity2879 was dependent on the sequence of drug administration; the potentiating effect was only produced either by simultaneous treatment with these drugs or when the cells were pretreated with @entity900 or @entity2879 before their exposure to @entity3262 . The synergistic effects of @entity3262 with @entity900 or @entity2879 were associated with changes in the acetylation status of histones H3 and H4. The results of this study provide a rationale for clinical evaluation of the combination of @entity3262 and @entity900 or @entity2879 for treating @entity1 suffering from high-risk @entity521 .

title: The synergistic effects of DNA-damaging drugs @entity900 and @entity2879 with a XXXX inhibitor @entity1092 in high-risk @entity521 cells.

answer: @entity15152 :: (9734,Gene) :: ['histone deacetylase']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High-risk @entity521 remains one of the most important therapeutic challenges for pediatric oncologists. New agents or regimens are urgently needed to improve the treatment outcome of this fatal @entity5 . We examined the effect of @entity15152 ( @entity15152 ) inhibitors in a combination with other chemotherapeutics on a high-risk @entity521 UKF- @entity1 cell line. Treatment of UKF- @entity1 cells with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics @entity900 or @entity2879 combined with the @entity15152 inhibitor @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) resulted in the synergistic antitumor effect. This was associated with @entity522 -dependent induction of apoptosis. Another @entity15152 inhibitor @entity3996 and a derivative of @entity3262 that does not exhibit @entity15152 inhibitory activity, @entity2148 , lacked this effect. The synergism was only induced when @entity3262 was combined with cytostatics targeted to cellular DNA; @entity3262 does not potentiate the @entity137 of the anticancer drug @entity1891 that acts by a mechanism different from that of DNA damage. The @entity3262 -mediated sensitization of UKF- @entity1 cells to @entity900 or @entity2879 was dependent on the sequence of drug administration; the potentiating effect was only produced either by simultaneous treatment with these drugs or when the cells were pretreated with @entity900 or @entity2879 before their exposure to @entity3262 . The synergistic effects of @entity3262 with @entity900 or @entity2879 were associated with changes in the acetylation status of histones H3 and H4. The results of this study provide a rationale for clinical evaluation of the combination of @entity3262 and @entity900 or @entity2879 for treating @entity1 suffering from high-risk @entity521 .

title: The synergistic effects of DNA-damaging drugs @entity900 and @entity2879 with a @entity15152 inhibitor XXXX in high-risk @entity521 cells.

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High-risk @entity521 remains one of the most important therapeutic challenges for pediatric oncologists. New agents or regimens are urgently needed to improve the treatment outcome of this fatal @entity5 . We examined the effect of @entity15152 ( @entity15152 ) inhibitors in a combination with other chemotherapeutics on a high-risk @entity521 UKF- @entity1 cell line. Treatment of UKF- @entity1 cells with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics @entity900 or @entity2879 combined with the @entity15152 inhibitor @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) resulted in the synergistic antitumor effect. This was associated with @entity522 -dependent induction of apoptosis. Another @entity15152 inhibitor @entity3996 and a derivative of @entity3262 that does not exhibit @entity15152 inhibitory activity, @entity2148 , lacked this effect. The synergism was only induced when @entity3262 was combined with cytostatics targeted to cellular DNA; @entity3262 does not potentiate the @entity137 of the anticancer drug @entity1891 that acts by a mechanism different from that of DNA damage. The @entity3262 -mediated sensitization of UKF- @entity1 cells to @entity900 or @entity2879 was dependent on the sequence of drug administration; the potentiating effect was only produced either by simultaneous treatment with these drugs or when the cells were pretreated with @entity900 or @entity2879 before their exposure to @entity3262 . The synergistic effects of @entity3262 with @entity900 or @entity2879 were associated with changes in the acetylation status of histones H3 and H4. The results of this study provide a rationale for clinical evaluation of the combination of @entity3262 and @entity900 or @entity2879 for treating @entity1 suffering from high-risk @entity521 .

title: The synergistic effects of DNA-damaging drugs @entity900 and @entity2879 with a @entity15152 inhibitor @entity1092 in high-risk XXXX cells.

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: With regard to @entity5 , elevated hCG in CSF or serum has been considered to be specific for germ-cell @entity5 . Recently however, elevated hCG has also been shown to be present in cyst fluid and CSF of @entity1 with @entity976 . While germ-cell @entity5 are generally non-cystic, the aim of our study was to determine the significance of hCG in @entity1504 . DESIGN: In a prospective study, hCG immunoactivity and subunits of hCG were measured in cyst fluid, CSF, and serum of @entity1 harbouring @entity1504 . @entity1 AND MEASUREMENTS: hCG immunoactivity was measured in cyst fluid and serum samples of 42 @entity1 . CSF samples were available from 12 @entity1 with @entity976 . In order to fully characterize the hCG immunoactivity, we used immunoradiometric assays for total hCG activity (measuring both intact hCG and the free beta-subunit of hCG), and those specific for intact, dimeric hCG (hCG), free beta-subunit of hCG ( @entity7807 ) and free alpha-subunit. Furthermore, immunostaining of @entity5 tissue was performed using monoclonal antibodies directed against the free beta-subunit of hCG. RESULTS: Total hCG immunoactivity was markedly elevated in cyst fluid of all 17 @entity976 (range 36.7-4558 IU/I; normal < 5 IU/I). Moderately elevated levels of hCG in cyst fluid were detected in three of four @entity977 , in two metastases from @entity2 and in two @entity145 . @entity7807 was detected in cyst fluid from all hCG positive cysts, while specific determination of intact (dimer) hCG and alpha-subunit mostly yielded negative results. No hCG immunoactivity was found in @entity11 , @entity1653 or haemangioblastomas. hCG was elevated in CSF of two @entity1 with @entity976 , but no hCG immunoactivity was detected in any serum sample. Subtle immunostaining of epithelial cell groups was shown in five of ten @entity976 . Clear immunostaining for @entity7807 was also found in scattered epithelial cells of one @entity977 . CONCLUSIONS: hCG immunoactivity in @entity1504 is due mainly to @entity7807 . Measurement of hCG immunoactivity in cyst fluid can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of @entity1504 , if surgery is restricted to cyst decompression and no histology is available. High levels suggest a @entity976 .

title: @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin immunoactivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'intracranial tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial cystic lesions', 'intracranial cyst lesions', 'cystic intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['cystic gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas', 'craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cystic intracranial tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: With regard to @entity5 , elevated hCG in CSF or serum has been considered to be specific for germ-cell @entity5 . Recently however, elevated hCG has also been shown to be present in cyst fluid and CSF of @entity1 with @entity976 . While germ-cell @entity5 are generally non-cystic, the aim of our study was to determine the significance of hCG in @entity1504 . DESIGN: In a prospective study, hCG immunoactivity and subunits of hCG were measured in cyst fluid, CSF, and serum of @entity1 harbouring @entity1504 . @entity1 AND MEASUREMENTS: hCG immunoactivity was measured in cyst fluid and serum samples of 42 @entity1 . CSF samples were available from 12 @entity1 with @entity976 . In order to fully characterize the hCG immunoactivity, we used immunoradiometric assays for total hCG activity (measuring both intact hCG and the free beta-subunit of hCG), and those specific for intact, dimeric hCG (hCG), free beta-subunit of hCG ( @entity7807 ) and free alpha-subunit. Furthermore, immunostaining of @entity5 tissue was performed using monoclonal antibodies directed against the free beta-subunit of hCG. RESULTS: Total hCG immunoactivity was markedly elevated in cyst fluid of all 17 @entity976 (range 36.7-4558 IU/I; normal < 5 IU/I). Moderately elevated levels of hCG in cyst fluid were detected in three of four @entity977 , in two metastases from @entity2 and in two @entity145 . @entity7807 was detected in cyst fluid from all hCG positive cysts, while specific determination of intact (dimer) hCG and alpha-subunit mostly yielded negative results. No hCG immunoactivity was found in @entity11 , @entity1653 or haemangioblastomas. hCG was elevated in CSF of two @entity1 with @entity976 , but no hCG immunoactivity was detected in any serum sample. Subtle immunostaining of epithelial cell groups was shown in five of ten @entity976 . Clear immunostaining for @entity7807 was also found in scattered epithelial cells of one @entity977 . CONCLUSIONS: hCG immunoactivity in @entity1504 is due mainly to @entity7807 . Measurement of hCG immunoactivity in cyst fluid can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of @entity1504 , if surgery is restricted to cyst decompression and no histology is available. High levels suggest a @entity976 .

title: XXXX chorionic gonadotrophin immunoactivity in @entity5 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Low-load exercise can increase serum hormones such as @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) concentration in young adults when combined with blood flow restriction (BFR), but it is unclear whether walking with BFR (BFR-walk) can elevate them for older adults. Furthermore, it remained untested whether changes in these purported anabolic hormones contribute to BFR-walk-induced @entity2086 . To examine the relationship between the acute and chronic effects of BFR-walk, seven @entity1 (age: 64      2  years) performed treadmill walking with (BFR-walk) and without BFR (CON-walk) at 45% of heart rate reserve for 20  min in a randomized crossover design. During BFR-walk, subjects wore 5-cm cuffs on the proximal part of the upper legs. Blood samples were taken before (PRE), immediately after (POST-1) and 15  min post (POST-2) exercise. There was a main effect of time for @entity2124 (P<0  01) with levels increasing following exercise. In addition, there was a condition and time main effect for insulin; with insulin increasing to a greater degree with BFR at POST-2. Noradrenaline increased across time for both BFR-walk (P  =  0  012) and CON-walk (P<0  001); but BFR-walk induced greater elevations at POST-1 and POST-2. The change in @entity2124 , insulin and @entity1063 was not significantly correlated with BFR-walk-induced @entity2086 . These preliminary results suggest that the BFR-walk-induced elevation in the purported anabolic hormones may not have a large impact on muscle growth.

title: Blood flow-restricted walking in older @entity1 : does the acute hormonal response associate with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

answer: @entity2086 :: (MESH:C536106,Disease) :: ['muscle hypertrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Low-load exercise can increase serum hormones such as @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) concentration in young adults when combined with blood flow restriction (BFR), but it is unclear whether walking with BFR (BFR-walk) can elevate them for older adults. Furthermore, it remained untested whether changes in these purported anabolic hormones contribute to BFR-walk-induced @entity2086 . To examine the relationship between the acute and chronic effects of BFR-walk, seven @entity1 (age: 64      2  years) performed treadmill walking with (BFR-walk) and without BFR (CON-walk) at 45% of heart rate reserve for 20  min in a randomized crossover design. During BFR-walk, subjects wore 5-cm cuffs on the proximal part of the upper legs. Blood samples were taken before (PRE), immediately after (POST-1) and 15  min post (POST-2) exercise. There was a main effect of time for @entity2124 (P<0  01) with levels increasing following exercise. In addition, there was a condition and time main effect for insulin; with insulin increasing to a greater degree with BFR at POST-2. Noradrenaline increased across time for both BFR-walk (P  =  0  012) and CON-walk (P<0  001); but BFR-walk induced greater elevations at POST-1 and POST-2. The change in @entity2124 , insulin and @entity1063 was not significantly correlated with BFR-walk-induced @entity2086 . These preliminary results suggest that the BFR-walk-induced elevation in the purported anabolic hormones may not have a large impact on muscle growth.

title: Blood flow-restricted walking in older XXXX : does the acute hormonal response associate with @entity2086 ?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have demonstrated that ground glass opacity (GGO)-dominant @entity5 correspond to pathologically low-grade @entity420 and that @entity1 with resected @entity5 have an excellent prognosis. However, almost all of those studies were limited to @entity5 measuring  <=3.0cm. The purpose of this study was to characterize lung @entity420 >3.0cm in diameter with GGO-dominant features and evaluate the prognosis of @entity1 with such @entity5 . METHODS: One hundred and thirteen @entity1 with cT2aN0M0 @entity2220 underwent surgical resection between 2005 and 2011. Twenty-five had @entity5 with a >= 50% GGO component (GGO-dominant group) and the remaining had solid-dominant @entity5 (Solid-dominant group). The clinicopathological findings and prognosis of the two groups were evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity5 in the GGO-dominant group rarely exhibited pathological invasiveness, such as lymphatic (n=1), vascular (n=0) and @entity3 (n=5) or lymph node @entity3 (n=0). On the other hand, the @entity5 in the solid-dominant group frequently exhibited pathological invasiveness, including lymphatic (n=26), vascular (n=16) and plural invasion (n=52) and lymph node @entity3 (n=18). There were significant differences in all of the characteristics between the two groups (lymphatic; p=0.0026, vascular; p=0.0214, and @entity3 ; p=0.0004, and lymph node metastases; p=0.0086, respectively). In the GGO-dominant group, 24 @entity1 were alive without recurrence, while the remaining died of another @entity5 . Recurrence occurred in 34 @entity1 in the solid-dominant group, and 16 died of the disease. The 5-year survival rate was 96% in the GGO-dominant group, compared to 71% in the solid-dominant group (p=0.0120). CONCLUSIONS: In the GGO-dominant group, the malignant potential was low and the @entity1 had a favorable prognosis after surgery, similar to the @entity1 with GGO-dominant @entity5 diagnosed as cT1a-bN0M0.

title: Does ground glass opacity-dominant feature have a prognostic significance even in clinical T2aN0M0 XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'pleural invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tumor-derived @entity1457 proteins peptide complex (HSP.PC-Tu) has been regarded as a promising antitumor agent. However, inadequate immunogenicity and low bioavailability limit the clinical uses of this agent. In a previous study, we first produced an improved @entity2285 .PC  -based vaccine purified from dendritic cell (DC)- @entity5 fusion cells ( @entity2285 .PC-Fc) which had increased immunogenicity due to enhanced antigenic @entity5 peptides compared to @entity2285 .PC-Tu. In order to increase the bioavailability of @entity2285 .PC-Fc, the peptide complex was encapsulated with nanoliposomes (NL- @entity2285 .PC-Fc) in this study. After encapsulation, the @entity5 immunogenicity was observed using various assays. It was demonstrated that the NL- @entity2285 .PC-Fc has acceptable stability. The in  vivo antitumor immune response was increased with regard to T-cell activation, CTL response and @entity5 therapy efficiency compared to that of @entity2285 .PC-Fc. In addition, it was shown that DC maturation was improved by NL- @entity2285 .PC-Fc, which added to the antitumor immunity. The results obtained for NL- @entity2285 .PC-Fc, which improved immunogenicity and increases the bioavailability of @entity2285 .PC, may represent superior @entity1457 proteins  (HSPs)-based @entity5 vaccines. Such vaccines deserve further investigation and may provide a preclinical rationale to translate findings into early phase trials for @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Enhanced antitumor immunity of nanoliposome-encapsulated @entity1457 protein 70 peptide complex derived from XXXX fusion cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['dendritic tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tumor-derived @entity1457 proteins peptide complex (HSP.PC-Tu) has been regarded as a promising antitumor agent. However, inadequate immunogenicity and low bioavailability limit the clinical uses of this agent. In a previous study, we first produced an improved @entity2285 .PC  -based vaccine purified from dendritic cell (DC)- @entity5 fusion cells ( @entity2285 .PC-Fc) which had increased immunogenicity due to enhanced antigenic @entity5 peptides compared to @entity2285 .PC-Tu. In order to increase the bioavailability of @entity2285 .PC-Fc, the peptide complex was encapsulated with nanoliposomes (NL- @entity2285 .PC-Fc) in this study. After encapsulation, the @entity5 immunogenicity was observed using various assays. It was demonstrated that the NL- @entity2285 .PC-Fc has acceptable stability. The in  vivo antitumor immune response was increased with regard to T-cell activation, CTL response and @entity5 therapy efficiency compared to that of @entity2285 .PC-Fc. In addition, it was shown that DC maturation was improved by NL- @entity2285 .PC-Fc, which added to the antitumor immunity. The results obtained for NL- @entity2285 .PC-Fc, which improved immunogenicity and increases the bioavailability of @entity2285 .PC, may represent superior @entity1457 proteins  (HSPs)-based @entity5 vaccines. Such vaccines deserve further investigation and may provide a preclinical rationale to translate findings into early phase trials for @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Enhanced antitumor immunity of nanoliposome-encapsulated XXXX protein 70 peptide complex derived from @entity5 fusion cells.

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: The management of cervicofacial @entity44 in neonates is often complicated and may result in significant morbidity and @entity204 . A @entity5 Group (CCG) retrospective study was conducted to evaluate a multiinstitutional experience with the treatment of these extremely rare @entity5 . Twenty neonates with cervicofacial @entity44 , presenting from 1971 to 1994, were identified from nine CCG institutions. Fourteen neonates had cervical @entity44 , and six had orofacial @entity44 . There were 12 males and eight females. A diagnostic prenatal ultrasound examination was performed in six cases. Life-threatening @entity1224 occurred in seven @entity1 (35%) in the early postnatal period. Two neonates died in the delivery room without ever having their airway secured. Two other @entity1 with a prenatal diagnosis survived only because tracheostomies were performed by pediatric surgeons who were in the delivery room. Three other @entity1 were orally intubated, one after sustaining hypoxic @entity1167 . Eighteen @entity1 had their primary @entity5 excised. Three @entity1 required tracheostomy. After resection, two @entity1 had evidence of unilateral recurrent @entity13587 , and two required prolonged @entity6145 replacement. Histological examination showed eight mature and seven immature @entity44 . Four @entity1 (20%) clearly had malignant lesions. Pulmonary metastases occurred in two @entity1 and contributed to one late @entity204 at 6 months of age. The overall survival rate was 85%, and the mean follow-up period was 5 years (range, 2 months to 16 years). Twelve of 17 surviving @entity1 (70%) have had an excellent functional and cosmetic outcome. Four @entity1 have varying degrees of @entity245 and @entity1032 . @entity519 at birth was believed to have contributed to these problems in two cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Diagnosis, management, and outcome of cervicofacial XXXX in neonates: a @entity5 Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity13587 :: ('MESH:D061224', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Childrens Cancer', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['teratomas']


abstract: The management of cervicofacial @entity44 in neonates is often complicated and may result in significant morbidity and @entity204 . A @entity5 Group (CCG) retrospective study was conducted to evaluate a multiinstitutional experience with the treatment of these extremely rare @entity5 . Twenty neonates with cervicofacial @entity44 , presenting from 1971 to 1994, were identified from nine CCG institutions. Fourteen neonates had cervical @entity44 , and six had orofacial @entity44 . There were 12 males and eight females. A diagnostic prenatal ultrasound examination was performed in six cases. Life-threatening @entity1224 occurred in seven @entity1 (35%) in the early postnatal period. Two neonates died in the delivery room without ever having their airway secured. Two other @entity1 with a prenatal diagnosis survived only because tracheostomies were performed by pediatric surgeons who were in the delivery room. Three other @entity1 were orally intubated, one after sustaining hypoxic @entity1167 . Eighteen @entity1 had their primary @entity5 excised. Three @entity1 required tracheostomy. After resection, two @entity1 had evidence of unilateral recurrent @entity13587 , and two required prolonged @entity6145 replacement. Histological examination showed eight mature and seven immature @entity44 . Four @entity1 (20%) clearly had malignant lesions. Pulmonary metastases occurred in two @entity1 and contributed to one late @entity204 at 6 months of age. The overall survival rate was 85%, and the mean follow-up period was 5 years (range, 2 months to 16 years). Twelve of 17 surviving @entity1 (70%) have had an excellent functional and cosmetic outcome. Four @entity1 have varying degrees of @entity245 and @entity1032 . @entity519 at birth was believed to have contributed to these problems in two cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Diagnosis, management, and outcome of cervicofacial @entity44 in neonates: a XXXX Group study.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Childrens Cancer']


abstract: 1. Dilatation of arterioles isolated from the @entity840 small intestine was evoked by stimulation of a submucous ganglion and the application of @entity934 , vasoactive intestinal peptide, galanin or dynorphin A. Changes in arteriole diameter and smooth muscle membrane potential were recorded simultaneously. 2. Ganglion stimulation caused vasodilatation and smooth muscle hyperpolarization that varied in both amplitude and time course from one arteriole to another. Vasodilatation could occur without hyperpolarization. 3. Vasodilatation caused by @entity934 was accompanied by a rapidly developing hyperpolarization that began to decline before the maximum vasodilator effect had developed. 4. Vasoactive intestinal peptide caused dilatation without any change in smooth muscle membrane potential. 5. Galanin and dynorphin caused dilatation and a hyperpolarization of similar time course to the dilatation. 6. In 48% of arterioles tested the dilatation appeared to be mediated solely by @entity934 . In 31% there was a cholinergic component, but no evidence for the involvement of @entity934 in the remaining 21%. When the non-cholinergic dilatation occurred without a hyperpolarization we conclude that it was due to vasoactive intestinal peptide; otherwise it may have been due to either galanin or dynorphin.

title: Vasodilatation and smooth muscle membrane potential changes in arterioles from the XXXX small intestine.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']