abstract: Submucosal (SM) and ligation excision (LE) haemorrhoidectomy were compared to establish whether SM is a less painful procedure and whether anal sensation is better preserved by SM, and, if so, how this relates to postoperative function. There were 18 SM and 22 LE @entity1 . Anal sphincter manometry and anal mucosal electrosensitivity were measured pre-operatively and 6 weeks after surgery. @entity282 was assessed by linear analogue scale. Anal sphincter pressures which were high pre-operatively fell to normal after surgery. Neither operation affected functional sphincter length or the recto-anal inhibitory reflex. Forty per cent of @entity1 showed ultraslow waves on sphincter motility studies. These were associated with the highest pressures and in all but three cases disappeared after surgery. There were no differences in postoperative @entity158 scores between the two techniques but there was a wide range from no @entity158 to very severe @entity158 in both groups. Submucosal haemorrhoidectomy preserved anal sensation better than ligation excision but this was not reflected in improved function. There was minor leakage and soiling in 50 per cent of @entity1 from both groups and two SM and LE @entity1 had initial @entity322 . All these symptoms had resolved by 6 weeks.

title: Submucosal versus ligation excision haemorrhoidectomy: a comparison of anal sensation, anal sphincter manometry and postoperative XXXX and function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Haustral portions of intestine of 6 @entity1641 were isolated by excising the taeniae coli from the cecum and the ventral colon. Uniform 5-cm X 5-cm sections were cut from the haustra and were illuminated from the serosal side with a strong light source (mural transillumination). Cyathostome larvae encysted in the mucosa and submucosa were observed at 15 X magnification and counted. Two separate counts of the larvae in 80 replicates of tissue by the mural transillumination technique ( @entity98 ) revealed no significant (P less than 0.05) difference between sample means. Larvae in tissue sections were counted in situ by @entity98 , and the mucosal scrapings of the tissue sections were digested in pepsin and @entity5828 to determine larval yields for comparison with the @entity98 counts. Numbers of larvae recovered by pepsin and @entity5828 digestion for 3 and 6 hours were significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than were numbers originally determined by @entity98 . Larvae recovered by tissue digestion for 3 or 6 hours were examined individually and given objective scores for morphologic damage. Distribution of scores was time-dependent; increased damage to larvae was associated with a longer time of digestion. Individual 4th-stage cyathostome larvae were dissected from cysts in the large intestinal wall and were incubated in water, 0.9% saline solution, 1.1% @entity5828 , or pepsin (7,000 U of activity/ml). Significantly fewer (P less than 0.05) larvae were recovered from all solutions after 3 and 6 hours. The proportion of dissected larvae that were given high scores after exposure to pepsin was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than were those held in @entity5828 , saline solution, or water for both periods.

title: Comparison of two techniques for quantitation of encysted cyathostome larvae in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: It was previously suggested that @entity1576 were predominantly affected by the parasympathetic nerve and HR increase to standing was predominantly affected by the sympathetic nerve. To compare parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve function in @entity6 , these two tests were performed in 95 @entity6 and 38 controls by use of an instantaneous-HR-change continuous recorder. All subjects were between 40 and 59 years-old. As indices of autonomic nerve function, the mean difference between maximal and minimal HR during deep breathing (delta I-E) and the HR increase on standing (delta HR) were determined. The mean delta I-E and delta HR in the @entity6 were 9.4 beats/min and 15.1 beats/min, respectively. These values were significantly lower than those in the controls (delta I-E 14.4, delta HR 20.5 beats/min). delta I-E correlated negatively to duration of @entity6 and mean fasting blood @entity413 during the last 6 months in the @entity6 , but delta HR did not correlate to them at all. Diminished delta I-E was found in the @entity1 with insulin treatment, @entity989 or persistent @entity644 . Diminished delta HR, however, was found only in the @entity1 with long-standing complicated @entity6 . Thus, both @entity299 and sympathetic nerve function were significantly impaired in the @entity6 as compared with the controls and that parasympathetic @entity16 occurred early whereas sympathetic innervation was preserved.

title: Quantitative evaluation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy by using heart rate variations: relationship between XXXX or sympathetic damage and clinical conditions.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac parasympathetic']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory heart rate (HR) variations']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac parasympathetic']


abstract: @entity35 were given a single intragastric administration of the prodrug sulindac (4.0 mg/kg) or its @entity3287 (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 mg/kg) or @entity5879 (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 mg/kg) metabolites and were then subjected to acute stress in the form of immobilization for 3 hr in a cold environment. Control @entity35 received an equal volume of @entity2771 vehicle or nothing po. Other @entity35 received 200 mg/kg @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) with or without stress, to compare the gastrointestinal effects of sulindac metabolites with those of a known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. The @entity3287 metabolite exacerbated stress-induced gastric glandular @entity1066 incidence and severity in a dose-related manner relative to all groups except the ASA-stress group, which exhibited the greatest amount of @entity1819 . The @entity5879 metabolite did not potentiate @entity1066 incidence or severity beyond control (stress only) levels at lower doses. However, at 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg, the observed ulceration was greater than that seen in stressed but otherwise untreated animals. Sulindac, vehicle, and otherwise untreated @entity35 exhibited a similar degree of stress-induced @entity1819 . It appears that the prodrug does not significantly enhance stress-related gut disease, but that the active @entity3287 metabolite does. Although the clinical literature suggests that the @entity5879 metabolite is inactive, the present results suggest otherwise. While this metabolite did not, by itself, induce @entity1819 at higher doses, @entity5879 did exacerbate stress @entity1066 formation. This is the only report of which we are aware, indicating a possible toxic effect of the @entity5879 metabolite.

title: The effects of sulindac and its metabolites on acute stress-induced gastric ulcers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5879 :: ('CHEBI:35850', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfone']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric damage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3287 :: ('CHEBI:26822', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The present study was designed to clarify the effect of blood @entity413 level on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during and after @entity2806 induced by bilateral carotid ligation (BCL) in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Blood @entity413 levels were varied by intraperitoneal infusion of 50% of @entity413 ( @entity4854 ), insulin with @entity4372 saline ( @entity4053 ) or @entity4372 saline (normoglycemia). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the parietal cortex and thalamus was measured by @entity3884 clearance technique, and the supratentorial metabolites of the brain frozen in situ were determined by the enzymatic method. In non- @entity63 animals, blood @entity413 levels had no influence on the supratentorial @entity880 , @entity2388 or @entity855 ( @entity855 ) concentrations. In @entity63 animals, however, cortical CBF was reduced to less than 1% of the resting value at 3 hours after BCL. However, there were no substantial differences of CBF during and after @entity63 among 3 glycemic groups. Cerebral lactate in the @entity63 brain greatly increased in @entity4854 (34.97 +/- 1.29 mmol/kg), moderately in normoglycemia (23.43 +/- 3.13 mmol/kg) and less in @entity4053 (7.20 +/- 1.54 mmol/kg). In contrast, cerebral @entity855 decreased in @entity4854 (0.93 +/- 0.19 mmol/kg) as much as it did in normoglycemia (1.04 +/- 0.25 mmol/kg), while @entity855 reduction was much greater in @entity4053 (0.45 +/- 0.05 mmol/kg). At 1-hour recirculation after 3-hour @entity63 , @entity855 tended to increase in all groups of animals, indicating the recovery of energy metabolism. Such metabolic recovery after recirculation was good in hypo- and normoglycemia, and was also evident in @entity4854 . Our results suggest that @entity4854 is not necessarily an unfavorable condition in acute incomplete @entity2806 .

title: Cerebral blood flow and tissue metabolism in experimental @entity2806 of spontaneously XXXX @entity35 with hyper-, normo-, and @entity4053 .

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'acute cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The present study was designed to clarify the effect of blood @entity413 level on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during and after @entity2806 induced by bilateral carotid ligation (BCL) in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Blood @entity413 levels were varied by intraperitoneal infusion of 50% of @entity413 ( @entity4854 ), insulin with @entity4372 saline ( @entity4053 ) or @entity4372 saline (normoglycemia). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the parietal cortex and thalamus was measured by @entity3884 clearance technique, and the supratentorial metabolites of the brain frozen in situ were determined by the enzymatic method. In non- @entity63 animals, blood @entity413 levels had no influence on the supratentorial @entity880 , @entity2388 or @entity855 ( @entity855 ) concentrations. In @entity63 animals, however, cortical CBF was reduced to less than 1% of the resting value at 3 hours after BCL. However, there were no substantial differences of CBF during and after @entity63 among 3 glycemic groups. Cerebral lactate in the @entity63 brain greatly increased in @entity4854 (34.97 +/- 1.29 mmol/kg), moderately in normoglycemia (23.43 +/- 3.13 mmol/kg) and less in @entity4053 (7.20 +/- 1.54 mmol/kg). In contrast, cerebral @entity855 decreased in @entity4854 (0.93 +/- 0.19 mmol/kg) as much as it did in normoglycemia (1.04 +/- 0.25 mmol/kg), while @entity855 reduction was much greater in @entity4053 (0.45 +/- 0.05 mmol/kg). At 1-hour recirculation after 3-hour @entity63 , @entity855 tended to increase in all groups of animals, indicating the recovery of energy metabolism. Such metabolic recovery after recirculation was good in hypo- and normoglycemia, and was also evident in @entity4854 . Our results suggest that @entity4854 is not necessarily an unfavorable condition in acute incomplete @entity2806 .

title: Cerebral blood flow and tissue metabolism in experimental XXXX of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 with hyper-, normo-, and @entity4053 .

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: The present study was designed to clarify the effect of blood @entity413 level on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during and after @entity2806 induced by bilateral carotid ligation (BCL) in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Blood @entity413 levels were varied by intraperitoneal infusion of 50% of @entity413 ( @entity4854 ), insulin with @entity4372 saline ( @entity4053 ) or @entity4372 saline (normoglycemia). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the parietal cortex and thalamus was measured by @entity3884 clearance technique, and the supratentorial metabolites of the brain frozen in situ were determined by the enzymatic method. In non- @entity63 animals, blood @entity413 levels had no influence on the supratentorial @entity880 , @entity2388 or @entity855 ( @entity855 ) concentrations. In @entity63 animals, however, cortical CBF was reduced to less than 1% of the resting value at 3 hours after BCL. However, there were no substantial differences of CBF during and after @entity63 among 3 glycemic groups. Cerebral lactate in the @entity63 brain greatly increased in @entity4854 (34.97 +/- 1.29 mmol/kg), moderately in normoglycemia (23.43 +/- 3.13 mmol/kg) and less in @entity4053 (7.20 +/- 1.54 mmol/kg). In contrast, cerebral @entity855 decreased in @entity4854 (0.93 +/- 0.19 mmol/kg) as much as it did in normoglycemia (1.04 +/- 0.25 mmol/kg), while @entity855 reduction was much greater in @entity4053 (0.45 +/- 0.05 mmol/kg). At 1-hour recirculation after 3-hour @entity63 , @entity855 tended to increase in all groups of animals, indicating the recovery of energy metabolism. Such metabolic recovery after recirculation was good in hypo- and normoglycemia, and was also evident in @entity4854 . Our results suggest that @entity4854 is not necessarily an unfavorable condition in acute incomplete @entity2806 .

title: Cerebral blood flow and tissue metabolism in experimental @entity2806 of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 with hyper-, normo-, and XXXX .

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: The present study was designed to clarify the effect of blood @entity413 level on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during and after @entity2806 induced by bilateral carotid ligation (BCL) in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Blood @entity413 levels were varied by intraperitoneal infusion of 50% of @entity413 ( @entity4854 ), insulin with @entity4372 saline ( @entity4053 ) or @entity4372 saline (normoglycemia). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the parietal cortex and thalamus was measured by @entity3884 clearance technique, and the supratentorial metabolites of the brain frozen in situ were determined by the enzymatic method. In non- @entity63 animals, blood @entity413 levels had no influence on the supratentorial @entity880 , @entity2388 or @entity855 ( @entity855 ) concentrations. In @entity63 animals, however, cortical CBF was reduced to less than 1% of the resting value at 3 hours after BCL. However, there were no substantial differences of CBF during and after @entity63 among 3 glycemic groups. Cerebral lactate in the @entity63 brain greatly increased in @entity4854 (34.97 +/- 1.29 mmol/kg), moderately in normoglycemia (23.43 +/- 3.13 mmol/kg) and less in @entity4053 (7.20 +/- 1.54 mmol/kg). In contrast, cerebral @entity855 decreased in @entity4854 (0.93 +/- 0.19 mmol/kg) as much as it did in normoglycemia (1.04 +/- 0.25 mmol/kg), while @entity855 reduction was much greater in @entity4053 (0.45 +/- 0.05 mmol/kg). At 1-hour recirculation after 3-hour @entity63 , @entity855 tended to increase in all groups of animals, indicating the recovery of energy metabolism. Such metabolic recovery after recirculation was good in hypo- and normoglycemia, and was also evident in @entity4854 . Our results suggest that @entity4854 is not necessarily an unfavorable condition in acute incomplete @entity2806 .

title: Cerebral blood flow and tissue metabolism in experimental @entity2806 of spontaneously @entity101 XXXX with hyper-, normo-, and @entity4053 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A randomized trial was conducted comparing @entity3102 and @entity8701 in the prevention of @entity5253 and appearance of invasive @entity364 in 51 @entity1398 @entity1 undergoing induction chemotherapy. @entity3102 was administered in a 200 mg dose twice daily. @entity8701 oral suspension was given in doses of 500,000 units four times daily. Surveillance cultures of the throat and urine were obtained prior to treatment and conducted weekly. @entity1 were enrolled in the study if the absolute granulocyte count was less than 1500/microliter, if physical examination revealed no evidence of @entity5253 , no evidence of @entity293 , and there was no pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray. @entity1 were continued on study until the absolute granulocyte count reached 1500/microliter, evidence of @entity5253 appeared, or presumed or proven invasive @entity364 appeared. Of the 46 evaluable @entity1 , 22 received @entity3102 , 3 (14%) developed @entity5253 , and 5 developed suspected @entity364 (23%). Of 24 @entity1 who received @entity8701 , 4 (17%) developed @entity5253 and 8 (33%) developed @entity364 , 4 proven and 4 suspected. Significantly more @entity1 on the @entity8701 arm progressed to invasive @entity364 . @entity3102 was not superior to @entity8701 in reducing the frequency of @entity5253 but possibly reduced the frequency of invasive @entity364 .

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity3102 and @entity8701 prophylactic therapy in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'systemic fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic leukemic']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['Nystatin', 'nystatin']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenic']


abstract: A randomized trial was conducted comparing @entity3102 and @entity8701 in the prevention of @entity5253 and appearance of invasive @entity364 in 51 @entity1398 @entity1 undergoing induction chemotherapy. @entity3102 was administered in a 200 mg dose twice daily. @entity8701 oral suspension was given in doses of 500,000 units four times daily. Surveillance cultures of the throat and urine were obtained prior to treatment and conducted weekly. @entity1 were enrolled in the study if the absolute granulocyte count was less than 1500/microliter, if physical examination revealed no evidence of @entity5253 , no evidence of @entity293 , and there was no pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray. @entity1 were continued on study until the absolute granulocyte count reached 1500/microliter, evidence of @entity5253 appeared, or presumed or proven invasive @entity364 appeared. Of the 46 evaluable @entity1 , 22 received @entity3102 , 3 (14%) developed @entity5253 , and 5 developed suspected @entity364 (23%). Of 24 @entity1 who received @entity8701 , 4 (17%) developed @entity5253 and 8 (33%) developed @entity364 , 4 proven and 4 suspected. Significantly more @entity1 on the @entity8701 arm progressed to invasive @entity364 . @entity3102 was not superior to @entity8701 in reducing the frequency of @entity5253 but possibly reduced the frequency of invasive @entity364 .

title: A randomized trial comparing XXXX and @entity8701 prophylactic therapy in @entity1398 @entity1 .

answer: @entity3102 :: (MESH:D007654,Chemical) :: ['ketoconazole']


abstract: A randomized trial was conducted comparing @entity3102 and @entity8701 in the prevention of @entity5253 and appearance of invasive @entity364 in 51 @entity1398 @entity1 undergoing induction chemotherapy. @entity3102 was administered in a 200 mg dose twice daily. @entity8701 oral suspension was given in doses of 500,000 units four times daily. Surveillance cultures of the throat and urine were obtained prior to treatment and conducted weekly. @entity1 were enrolled in the study if the absolute granulocyte count was less than 1500/microliter, if physical examination revealed no evidence of @entity5253 , no evidence of @entity293 , and there was no pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray. @entity1 were continued on study until the absolute granulocyte count reached 1500/microliter, evidence of @entity5253 appeared, or presumed or proven invasive @entity364 appeared. Of the 46 evaluable @entity1 , 22 received @entity3102 , 3 (14%) developed @entity5253 , and 5 developed suspected @entity364 (23%). Of 24 @entity1 who received @entity8701 , 4 (17%) developed @entity5253 and 8 (33%) developed @entity364 , 4 proven and 4 suspected. Significantly more @entity1 on the @entity8701 arm progressed to invasive @entity364 . @entity3102 was not superior to @entity8701 in reducing the frequency of @entity5253 but possibly reduced the frequency of invasive @entity364 .

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity3102 and XXXX prophylactic therapy in @entity1398 @entity1 .

answer: @entity8701 :: (MESH:D009761,Chemical) :: ['nystatin']


abstract: A randomized trial was conducted comparing @entity3102 and @entity8701 in the prevention of @entity5253 and appearance of invasive @entity364 in 51 @entity1398 @entity1 undergoing induction chemotherapy. @entity3102 was administered in a 200 mg dose twice daily. @entity8701 oral suspension was given in doses of 500,000 units four times daily. Surveillance cultures of the throat and urine were obtained prior to treatment and conducted weekly. @entity1 were enrolled in the study if the absolute granulocyte count was less than 1500/microliter, if physical examination revealed no evidence of @entity5253 , no evidence of @entity293 , and there was no pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray. @entity1 were continued on study until the absolute granulocyte count reached 1500/microliter, evidence of @entity5253 appeared, or presumed or proven invasive @entity364 appeared. Of the 46 evaluable @entity1 , 22 received @entity3102 , 3 (14%) developed @entity5253 , and 5 developed suspected @entity364 (23%). Of 24 @entity1 who received @entity8701 , 4 (17%) developed @entity5253 and 8 (33%) developed @entity364 , 4 proven and 4 suspected. Significantly more @entity1 on the @entity8701 arm progressed to invasive @entity364 . @entity3102 was not superior to @entity8701 in reducing the frequency of @entity5253 but possibly reduced the frequency of invasive @entity364 .

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity3102 and @entity8701 prophylactic therapy in @entity1398 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Since 1979, 41 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity259 have been prospectively treated in our institution according to a combination regimen of low-dose @entity632 ( @entity632 ) and external-beam @entity1161 . Two types of treatment regimen were used depending on @entity5 histologic type. Group 1 @entity1 with well-differentiated papillary, follicular, or mixed @entity5 (n = 22) received the combined regimen consisting of once weekly administration of @entity632 (10 mg/m2) before @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). Radiation therapy was carried out with a daily dose of 200 cGy for 5 days per week to a total @entity5 dose of 5600 cGy. Group 2 @entity1 with anaplastic giant and @entity189 of the thyroid (n = 19) received the combined regimen, consisting of once weekly administration of @entity632 (10 mg/m2) before hyperfractionated @entity1161 . Radiation therapy was carried out with a fractional dose of 160 cGy per treatment twice a day for 3 days per week to a total dose of 5760 cGy in 40 days. Initial complete @entity5 response rates in the group 1 and 2 were 91% and 84%, respectively. @entity5 control rates at 2 years after combined therapy were 77% and 68%, respectively. The median survival time was 4 years for group 1 and 1 year for group 2. There was no disproportionately enhanced normal tissue morbidity seen with this combined approach. @entity1 in group 1 have a good quality of life, once the @entity66 is under control due to the indolent course of the disease. On the contrary, most @entity1 in group 2 promptly developed distant metastases and died from the disease.

title: Treatment of locally advanced XXXX with combination @entity632 and @entity1161 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Local tumor', 'type tumor']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['spindle cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Since 1979, 41 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity259 have been prospectively treated in our institution according to a combination regimen of low-dose @entity632 ( @entity632 ) and external-beam @entity1161 . Two types of treatment regimen were used depending on @entity5 histologic type. Group 1 @entity1 with well-differentiated papillary, follicular, or mixed @entity5 (n = 22) received the combined regimen consisting of once weekly administration of @entity632 (10 mg/m2) before @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). Radiation therapy was carried out with a daily dose of 200 cGy for 5 days per week to a total @entity5 dose of 5600 cGy. Group 2 @entity1 with anaplastic giant and @entity189 of the thyroid (n = 19) received the combined regimen, consisting of once weekly administration of @entity632 (10 mg/m2) before hyperfractionated @entity1161 . Radiation therapy was carried out with a fractional dose of 160 cGy per treatment twice a day for 3 days per week to a total dose of 5760 cGy in 40 days. Initial complete @entity5 response rates in the group 1 and 2 were 91% and 84%, respectively. @entity5 control rates at 2 years after combined therapy were 77% and 68%, respectively. The median survival time was 4 years for group 1 and 1 year for group 2. There was no disproportionately enhanced normal tissue morbidity seen with this combined approach. @entity1 in group 1 have a good quality of life, once the @entity66 is under control due to the indolent course of the disease. On the contrary, most @entity1 in group 2 promptly developed distant metastases and died from the disease.

title: Treatment of locally advanced @entity259 with combination XXXX and @entity1161 .

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: Since 1979, 41 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity259 have been prospectively treated in our institution according to a combination regimen of low-dose @entity632 ( @entity632 ) and external-beam @entity1161 . Two types of treatment regimen were used depending on @entity5 histologic type. Group 1 @entity1 with well-differentiated papillary, follicular, or mixed @entity5 (n = 22) received the combined regimen consisting of once weekly administration of @entity632 (10 mg/m2) before @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). Radiation therapy was carried out with a daily dose of 200 cGy for 5 days per week to a total @entity5 dose of 5600 cGy. Group 2 @entity1 with anaplastic giant and @entity189 of the thyroid (n = 19) received the combined regimen, consisting of once weekly administration of @entity632 (10 mg/m2) before hyperfractionated @entity1161 . Radiation therapy was carried out with a fractional dose of 160 cGy per treatment twice a day for 3 days per week to a total dose of 5760 cGy in 40 days. Initial complete @entity5 response rates in the group 1 and 2 were 91% and 84%, respectively. @entity5 control rates at 2 years after combined therapy were 77% and 68%, respectively. The median survival time was 4 years for group 1 and 1 year for group 2. There was no disproportionately enhanced normal tissue morbidity seen with this combined approach. @entity1 in group 1 have a good quality of life, once the @entity66 is under control due to the indolent course of the disease. On the contrary, most @entity1 in group 2 promptly developed distant metastases and died from the disease.

title: Treatment of locally advanced @entity259 with combination @entity632 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the use of a modified adult protocol that uses cervical spine imaging on presentation for the assessment of cervical @entity130 in @entity1 improves clinical outcome. METHODS: This is a case series study on all consecutive @entity130 @entity1 presenting from April to July 2000 inclusive to the ED of a major paediatric @entity130 hospital. @entity1 presenting to the ED with potential cervical @entity130 (CSI) were identified using standard selection criteria. @entity1 demographics, mechanism of injury, method and time of presentation, associated injuries, radiological investigation and clinical outcome were recorded. The major outcome measures for this study were: time to clearance of the cervical spine, length of stay in the ED and admission to an in-hospital bed. Data were analysed for compliance to the protocol, this being the standard assessment pathway of cervical spine clearance used by our @entity130 service. RESULTS: The @entity130 registry identified 1721 @entity130 presentations during the 4-month study period; 208 presentations representing 200 @entity1 with potential CSI were entered into the study. Males represented 72.5% of the study population, having a mean age of 8.32 years, although 29% were less than 5 years of age. The majority of presentations (69%) occurred outside of normal working hours. In 17.8% of cases the cervical spine was cleared based on clinical assessment alone, half less than 5 years of age. Compliance to the protocol occurred in 78% of presentations. However, when examined by age group, @entity1 5 years of age or above were 1.5 times more likely to comply with the protocol as compared with younger @entity1 . Adequate plain imaging was not obtained in 18% of presentations, this group almost exclusively less than 5 years of age. There were no missed injuries and no short or long-term neurological sequelae reported during this study. There were no differences in time to clearance, length of stay and admission rate between compliant and non-compliant groups. CONCLUSIONS: Modified adult protocols for cervical spine clearance offer guidance in managing the majority of @entity1 suffering blunt @entity130 . However, we recommend caution in rigidly applying such protocols, especially to @entity1 of young age.

title: The usefulness of a modified adult protocol for the clearance of XXXX in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['spine injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['paediatric cervical spine injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Arterial @entity101 is, besides age, the number one risk factor for @entity64 . @entity1 with arterial @entity101 frequently present with additional coexisting vascular risk factors interacting in a complex way. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This paper reviews the benefit of antihypertensive treatment, as well as different treatment options of arterial @entity101 and their side-effects. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity101 , but also @entity1 with so-called normal or high-normal blood pressure are at increased risk to develop @entity64 and other @entity65 . Vascular remodelling of small and large vessels provoked by arterial @entity101 is the initial step in the development of @entity731 and lipohyalinosis. Vascular remodelling can be improved or even normalized by antihypertensive treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-I-receptor antagonists showing the most convincing effects. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-I-receptor antagonists have the lowest rate of side-effects, however, economic restraints hinder their general application. Statins are needed to treat dyslipidaemia. They also lower blood pressure and have a synergistic effect with the above two antihypertensive components in lowering blood pressure. In @entity101 @entity1 , risk of @entity64 and other @entity65 is determined by the blood pressure level and the presence or absence of target organ damage and the interaction with other risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, dyslipidaemia, and @entity6 . These high-risk @entity1 should be treated even more aggressively than usual. CONCLUSIONS: In the vast majority of @entity1 and healthy individuals, target blood pressure should be as high as or below 120/80 mmHg to minimize the occurrence of @entity64 and other @entity65 .

title: Arterial @entity101 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'definite arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Arterial @entity101 is, besides age, the number one risk factor for @entity64 . @entity1 with arterial @entity101 frequently present with additional coexisting vascular risk factors interacting in a complex way. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This paper reviews the benefit of antihypertensive treatment, as well as different treatment options of arterial @entity101 and their side-effects. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity101 , but also @entity1 with so-called normal or high-normal blood pressure are at increased risk to develop @entity64 and other @entity65 . Vascular remodelling of small and large vessels provoked by arterial @entity101 is the initial step in the development of @entity731 and lipohyalinosis. Vascular remodelling can be improved or even normalized by antihypertensive treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-I-receptor antagonists showing the most convincing effects. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-I-receptor antagonists have the lowest rate of side-effects, however, economic restraints hinder their general application. Statins are needed to treat dyslipidaemia. They also lower blood pressure and have a synergistic effect with the above two antihypertensive components in lowering blood pressure. In @entity101 @entity1 , risk of @entity64 and other @entity65 is determined by the blood pressure level and the presence or absence of target organ damage and the interaction with other risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, dyslipidaemia, and @entity6 . These high-risk @entity1 should be treated even more aggressively than usual. CONCLUSIONS: In the vast majority of @entity1 and healthy individuals, target blood pressure should be as high as or below 120/80 mmHg to minimize the occurrence of @entity64 and other @entity65 .

title: Arterial XXXX and @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Some @entity1 with @entity6583 ( @entity6583 ) develop perilesional @entity5219 during the course of healing and carry poor prognosis for the @entity410 control. We evaluated the clinical status of these @entity1 during complete control of their original @entity410 on anti- @entity302 drugs (AED). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 172 @entity1 with solitary @entity6583 , 45 with perilesional @entity5219 as visible on magnetization transfer spin echo (MTSE) magnetic resonance imaging and 127 without @entity5219 , for any abnormal symptom during the course of their " @entity410 -free" period. All of them received optimum doses of AED to control the original @entity410 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity5219 had high incidence of abnormal symptoms with or without corresponding abnormalities on surface electroencephalogram (EEG). These symptoms disappeared on increasing the dose or adding a new AED. The symptoms, which were transient episodic in nature, included heaviness, @entity3520 , weightlessness, @entity1183 and alien limb phenomenon on the side of the body contralateral to @entity75 , and @entity10 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity6583 who develop perilesional @entity5219 during the process of healing tend to suffer from disturbing intermittent symptoms during their apparent control of @entity410 . The symptoms are controllable with increased dosage of previously prescribed or addition of another AED. As these symptoms could possibly be @entity302 in nature, their identification and treatment may have a bearing on long-term @entity410 control after stopping AED therapy.

title: Intermittent symptoms in XXXX : could they be @entity302 ?

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['neurocysticercosis', 'NCC']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic posturing']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesion']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['neurocysticercosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Some @entity1 with @entity6583 ( @entity6583 ) develop perilesional @entity5219 during the course of healing and carry poor prognosis for the @entity410 control. We evaluated the clinical status of these @entity1 during complete control of their original @entity410 on anti- @entity302 drugs (AED). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 172 @entity1 with solitary @entity6583 , 45 with perilesional @entity5219 as visible on magnetization transfer spin echo (MTSE) magnetic resonance imaging and 127 without @entity5219 , for any abnormal symptom during the course of their " @entity410 -free" period. All of them received optimum doses of AED to control the original @entity410 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity5219 had high incidence of abnormal symptoms with or without corresponding abnormalities on surface electroencephalogram (EEG). These symptoms disappeared on increasing the dose or adding a new AED. The symptoms, which were transient episodic in nature, included heaviness, @entity3520 , weightlessness, @entity1183 and alien limb phenomenon on the side of the body contralateral to @entity75 , and @entity10 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity6583 who develop perilesional @entity5219 during the process of healing tend to suffer from disturbing intermittent symptoms during their apparent control of @entity410 . The symptoms are controllable with increased dosage of previously prescribed or addition of another AED. As these symptoms could possibly be @entity302 in nature, their identification and treatment may have a bearing on long-term @entity410 control after stopping AED therapy.

title: Intermittent symptoms in @entity6583 : could they be XXXX ?

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the properties of @entity4677 in a @entity1 with severe @entity302 negative @entity2045 . Treatment of @entity302 negative @entity2045 relies on the drugs that are effective in @entity1625 , but it is usually pharmacoresistant. @entity4677 is a new antiepileptic drug with a broad-spectrum activity that includes efficacy against positive @entity2045 . CASE REPORT: This @entity1 had had @entity302 falls since the age of 2 years. In 2000, she was on @entity109 (100 mg/day) and @entity1092 (2000 mg/day) and had two drop attacks per month. Clinical examination showed negative @entity2045 of the arms clearly predominating on the left side, which was confirmed by a polygraphic EEG. @entity4677 (1000 mg/day in the first week, increased to 2000 mg/day thereafter) was added. During the first 2 months, the @entity1 experienced four minor @entity410 without fall. A polygraphic EEG confirmed that the @entity1 's @entity302 negative @entity2045 disappeared during @entity4677 treatment. At 1-year follow-up, this @entity1 had had only one @entity410 . CONCLUSIONS: The result of @entity4677 treatment in this @entity1 is encouraging, but efficacy should be confirmed in larger series. A long-term follow-up is also necessary to establish that this antimyoclonic effect of @entity4677 is maintained over a period of years.

title: Dramatic effect of XXXX on @entity302 negative @entity2045 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam', 'Levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

answer: @entity4677 :: (MESH:C026098,Chemical) :: ['levetiracetam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the properties of @entity4677 in a @entity1 with severe @entity302 negative @entity2045 . Treatment of @entity302 negative @entity2045 relies on the drugs that are effective in @entity1625 , but it is usually pharmacoresistant. @entity4677 is a new antiepileptic drug with a broad-spectrum activity that includes efficacy against positive @entity2045 . CASE REPORT: This @entity1 had had @entity302 falls since the age of 2 years. In 2000, she was on @entity109 (100 mg/day) and @entity1092 (2000 mg/day) and had two drop attacks per month. Clinical examination showed negative @entity2045 of the arms clearly predominating on the left side, which was confirmed by a polygraphic EEG. @entity4677 (1000 mg/day in the first week, increased to 2000 mg/day thereafter) was added. During the first 2 months, the @entity1 experienced four minor @entity410 without fall. A polygraphic EEG confirmed that the @entity1 's @entity302 negative @entity2045 disappeared during @entity4677 treatment. At 1-year follow-up, this @entity1 had had only one @entity410 . CONCLUSIONS: The result of @entity4677 treatment in this @entity1 is encouraging, but efficacy should be confirmed in larger series. A long-term follow-up is also necessary to establish that this antimyoclonic effect of @entity4677 is maintained over a period of years.

title: Dramatic effect of @entity4677 on XXXX negative @entity2045 .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the properties of @entity4677 in a @entity1 with severe @entity302 negative @entity2045 . Treatment of @entity302 negative @entity2045 relies on the drugs that are effective in @entity1625 , but it is usually pharmacoresistant. @entity4677 is a new antiepileptic drug with a broad-spectrum activity that includes efficacy against positive @entity2045 . CASE REPORT: This @entity1 had had @entity302 falls since the age of 2 years. In 2000, she was on @entity109 (100 mg/day) and @entity1092 (2000 mg/day) and had two drop attacks per month. Clinical examination showed negative @entity2045 of the arms clearly predominating on the left side, which was confirmed by a polygraphic EEG. @entity4677 (1000 mg/day in the first week, increased to 2000 mg/day thereafter) was added. During the first 2 months, the @entity1 experienced four minor @entity410 without fall. A polygraphic EEG confirmed that the @entity1 's @entity302 negative @entity2045 disappeared during @entity4677 treatment. At 1-year follow-up, this @entity1 had had only one @entity410 . CONCLUSIONS: The result of @entity4677 treatment in this @entity1 is encouraging, but efficacy should be confirmed in larger series. A long-term follow-up is also necessary to establish that this antimyoclonic effect of @entity4677 is maintained over a period of years.

title: Dramatic effect of @entity4677 on @entity302 negative XXXX .

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['myoclonus']


abstract: The management of asymptomatic @entity5990 discovered during abdominal surgery is controversial. Should cholecystectomy be performed en passant? The authors report a 4-year survey of 109 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity2963 who underwent surgery for other abdominal conditions: colorectal (31), gastric (24), vascular (20), gynecologic (21) and miscellaneous (13). @entity2963 was established preoperatively by ultrasonography in 52 of 55 examinations (95%). In the other 54, the @entity5990 were discovered at operation. Cholecystectomy was performed in 78 @entity1 and in 31 the gallbladder was left in place. In the former group, 11 (14%) had complications, 2 being attributable to the cholecystectomy. Intraoperative cholangiograms were obtained in 43 and led to common-bile-duct explorations in 8. Common-bile-duct stones were found in seven. In the non-cholecystectomized group, three died postoperatively and three were lost to follow-up. Twelve of the remaining 25 are still asymptomatic and 13 have had symptoms: 7 underwent cholecystectomy (4 for acute @entity2679 ) between 2 weeks and 11 months after the initial laparotomy. Because of the low morbidity and the relatively high number of cholecystectomies that were subsequently necessary, the authors recommend cholecystectomy en passant unless there is a specific contraindication. They also recommend ultrasonography before major gastrointestinal or vascular surgery in order to plan for cholecystectomy.

title: Should cholecystectomy be done en passant for asymptomatic XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['Cholelithiasis', 'cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

answer: @entity2963 :: (MESH:D002769,Disease) :: ['cholelithiasis']


abstract: Among 8,758 necropsies there are 93 cases of @entity1582 . Of these, 14 are associated with @entity5 : seven with @entity1582 or @entity706 , and seven with @entity189 . The incidence of @entity2783 in @entity1582 is at least 10%. Attention is drawn to the presence of @entity10543 in the tubular casts of ; @entity8 '. In @entity978 the incidence is about 4% but it may be higher in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy. In @entity1893 it is of the order of a fraction of 1% but in @entity8057 , essential or associated with @entity706 , the incidence is considerably higher. Systemic @entity10543 is found in one in 375 of @entity1 with @entity189 and in only a single @entity1 among 1,500 ;control cases'. @entity703 accounts for one-quarter of all @entity189 associated with systemic @entity10543 . The other @entity189 originate in a variety of organs. In @entity1582 , @entity10543 may be found in the @entity5 deposits. In @entity978 and in @entity1893 there appears to be greater @entity10543 deposition in neoplastic tissue than hitherto realized. The @entity189 provide a striking example of topographical association of @entity5 , the two being closely related in six of seven cases.

title: XXXX and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma kidney']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid and tumour', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis', 'myelomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['lymphosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinaemia']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Systemic amyloidosis']


abstract: Among 8,758 necropsies there are 93 cases of @entity1582 . Of these, 14 are associated with @entity5 : seven with @entity1582 or @entity706 , and seven with @entity189 . The incidence of @entity2783 in @entity1582 is at least 10%. Attention is drawn to the presence of @entity10543 in the tubular casts of ; @entity8 '. In @entity978 the incidence is about 4% but it may be higher in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy. In @entity1893 it is of the order of a fraction of 1% but in @entity8057 , essential or associated with @entity706 , the incidence is considerably higher. Systemic @entity10543 is found in one in 375 of @entity1 with @entity189 and in only a single @entity1 among 1,500 ;control cases'. @entity703 accounts for one-quarter of all @entity189 associated with systemic @entity10543 . The other @entity189 originate in a variety of organs. In @entity1582 , @entity10543 may be found in the @entity5 deposits. In @entity978 and in @entity1893 there appears to be greater @entity10543 deposition in neoplastic tissue than hitherto realized. The @entity189 provide a striking example of topographical association of @entity5 , the two being closely related in six of seven cases.

title: @entity1582 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: AQ-A 39 is a new agent with specific bradycardic action on the sinus node. In this study the electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of this compound were investigated in 24 @entity1 with various @entity299 . The results show: AQ-A 39 causes a significant decrease in enhanced sinus rate. The bradycardic action is more profound at higher sinus rates. In sinus rhythm of normal frequency or, in sinus @entity1168 , sinus rate remains unchanged or increases even in the case of @entity1817 . Conductivity of the AV-node is significantly improved. QT- and QTc-interval increase dose dependently. Other cardiac conduction times and refractory intervals are not significantly changed. In exercise-induced @entity741 increased left ventricular filling pressures are diminished. The extent of this decrease parallels the reduction in heart rate. AQ-A 39 appears to be suitable to reduce inadaequate increases in sinus rate, and seems to be of particular interest in surgical cases or intensive @entity341 as well as in @entity741 .

title: [Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of the new XXXX -inducing substance AQ-A 39].

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['care emergencies']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus node syndrome']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic heart disease', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['bradycardia']


abstract: The movement of populations shapes the patterns and distribution of @entity166 globally. The consequences of travel are seen in the traveller and in places and populations visited and may persist long after travel. The traveller can be seen as an interactive biological unit who picks up, processes, carries and drops off microbial genetic material. A traveller can introduce potential pathogens in the absence of signs or symptoms of illness. Travellers can serve as a sentinel population; study of them can provide insights into the presence and level of risk of transmission of @entity281 in other geographical regions. Travellers can also be seen as couriers who inadvertently ferry pathogens and microbial genetic material to regions where researchers can carry out detailed analyses that can help to map the location and movement of strains, genotypes and resistance patterns. The laboratory plays a key role in the identification and characterization of pathogens, which can inform management of individual @entity1 and the public health response. The connectedness and mobility in the world today facilitate the emergence of @entity166 in @entity1 and also in animals and plants. Many traditional barriers have been breached by travel, roads and technology. Population size and density favour spread of many @entity281 . The rapid generation time of microbes and their capacity to adapt to changes in the physico-chemical and immunological environment will pose continuing challenges.

title: The traveller and emerging XXXX : sentinel, courier, transmitter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: In all, 199 @entity1 were entered in this study by 21 collaborating hospitals. @entity1 with superficial transitional cell @entity150 were randomized postoperatively into four groups. Group A received early (immediately and 2 days after transurethral resection) instillation of @entity632 (30 mg/30 mg); group B received early instillation of @entity632 with oral administration of @entity1487 (200 mg/day); group C received delayed (7 days after transurethral resection) instillation of @entity632 (30 mg/30 ml); and group D received delayed instillation of @entity632 with oral administration of @entity1487 (200 mg/day). All @entity1 subsequently received instillations weekly for 2 more weeks, and then every 2 weeks for a further 14 weeks. After 4 months, they received one instillation per month for 8 months. @entity1487 was administered p.o. for 1 year. The postoperative follow-up period was 12 months. After 3 and 6 months there were significant differences in the non-recurrence rates between groups B and C. After 12 months the overall non-recurrence rates were 87.9% in group A, 83.5% in group B, 89.2% in group C, and 82.8% in group D, and there were no significant differences among the four groups. The number of @entity1 entered and the follow-up period are not adequate for firm conclusions, and further studies are necessary. The main side effect was @entity1494 , which was observed in 38.8% of @entity1 in the early instillation groups and in 26.3% of those in the delayed instillation groups. No severe systemic side effects were observed in this study.

title: Early intravesical instillation of @entity632 with oral administration of @entity1487 after transurethral resection for superficial XXXX : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder irritation']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: In all, 199 @entity1 were entered in this study by 21 collaborating hospitals. @entity1 with superficial transitional cell @entity150 were randomized postoperatively into four groups. Group A received early (immediately and 2 days after transurethral resection) instillation of @entity632 (30 mg/30 mg); group B received early instillation of @entity632 with oral administration of @entity1487 (200 mg/day); group C received delayed (7 days after transurethral resection) instillation of @entity632 (30 mg/30 ml); and group D received delayed instillation of @entity632 with oral administration of @entity1487 (200 mg/day). All @entity1 subsequently received instillations weekly for 2 more weeks, and then every 2 weeks for a further 14 weeks. After 4 months, they received one instillation per month for 8 months. @entity1487 was administered p.o. for 1 year. The postoperative follow-up period was 12 months. After 3 and 6 months there were significant differences in the non-recurrence rates between groups B and C. After 12 months the overall non-recurrence rates were 87.9% in group A, 83.5% in group B, 89.2% in group C, and 82.8% in group D, and there were no significant differences among the four groups. The number of @entity1 entered and the follow-up period are not adequate for firm conclusions, and further studies are necessary. The main side effect was @entity1494 , which was observed in 38.8% of @entity1 in the early instillation groups and in 26.3% of those in the delayed instillation groups. No severe systemic side effects were observed in this study.

title: Early intravesical instillation of XXXX with oral administration of @entity1487 after transurethral resection for superficial @entity150 : preliminary results.

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: In all, 199 @entity1 were entered in this study by 21 collaborating hospitals. @entity1 with superficial transitional cell @entity150 were randomized postoperatively into four groups. Group A received early (immediately and 2 days after transurethral resection) instillation of @entity632 (30 mg/30 mg); group B received early instillation of @entity632 with oral administration of @entity1487 (200 mg/day); group C received delayed (7 days after transurethral resection) instillation of @entity632 (30 mg/30 ml); and group D received delayed instillation of @entity632 with oral administration of @entity1487 (200 mg/day). All @entity1 subsequently received instillations weekly for 2 more weeks, and then every 2 weeks for a further 14 weeks. After 4 months, they received one instillation per month for 8 months. @entity1487 was administered p.o. for 1 year. The postoperative follow-up period was 12 months. After 3 and 6 months there were significant differences in the non-recurrence rates between groups B and C. After 12 months the overall non-recurrence rates were 87.9% in group A, 83.5% in group B, 89.2% in group C, and 82.8% in group D, and there were no significant differences among the four groups. The number of @entity1 entered and the follow-up period are not adequate for firm conclusions, and further studies are necessary. The main side effect was @entity1494 , which was observed in 38.8% of @entity1 in the early instillation groups and in 26.3% of those in the delayed instillation groups. No severe systemic side effects were observed in this study.

title: Early intravesical instillation of @entity632 with oral administration of XXXX after transurethral resection for superficial @entity150 : preliminary results.

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sclerotherapy with @entity167 and @entity2929 in the management of simple @entity42 . METHODS: Twenty-four simple @entity42 were subjected to sclerotherapy with @entity167 and @entity2929 . All procedures were performed under local anesthesia and in an outpatient setting. Cytological examination was carried out in all cases and two @entity1 were excluded from the study because of suspicious cytological results. The @entity1 were followed up monthly with color Doppler sonography for more than 12 months. RESULTS: Cyst fluid was serous in 17 cases and dark- @entity6353 colored in seven cases. The volume of aspirated fluid ranged from 100 to 220 ml. The size of ovarian masses and cyst-wall thickness ranged from 5.5 to 8.5 cm and 1.5 to 5 mm, respectively. Cytological analysis of 15 cysts revealed acellular sediment, seven cysts were compatible with @entity46 , and two were reported as suspicious. During the 12-month follow-up, seven cyst recurrences were detected. CONCLUSION: Aspiration and sclerotherapy with @entity167 and @entity2929 are followed by a relatively high recurrence rate when the aspirate is bloody. However, @entity1 with a simple cyst that is @entity158 or liable to torsion could benefit from sclerotherapy. Such @entity1 , who are at low risk for @entity5 , are relieved with sclerotherapy while avoiding surgery.

title: Management of non-neoplastic XXXX with sclerotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioma']

answer: @entity42 :: (MESH:D010048,Disease) :: ['ovarian cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) is a strong independent predictor of overall and cardiovascular mortality in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Nevertheless, because age, blood pressure, heart rate, and gender are strong determinants of both arterial stiffness and mortality, the individual relevance of @entity122 measurements remains controversial. METHODS: A cohort of 242 @entity1 with @entity454 undergoing hemodialysis was studied for a mean (+/- SD) duration of 78 +/- 46 months. At entry, together with standard clinical and biochemical analyses, @entity122 was measured using Doppler ultrasonography. On the basis of a nomogram established on 469 nonuremic subjects, a theoretical value of @entity122 was determined in @entity454 @entity1 according to their age, blood pressure, gender, and heart period. The @entity122 index (measured @entity122 - theoretical @entity122 ) was then calculated for each individual @entity454 @entity1 . RESULTS: Based on Cox analysis, the @entity122 index, but neither pulse pressure nor cardiac mass, was a strong and independent predictor of both cardiovascular and overall mortality, together with age and time on dialysis before inclusion. @entity1 with positive (versus negative) @entity122 index had a twofold adjusted risk of mortality during the follow-up. Per each 1 meter/second @entity122 index increment, we observed a 34% (crude) and a 14% (adjusted) increase in both cardiovascular and overall mortality (P < 0.02 for all). CONCLUSION: In @entity454 @entity1 , the calculation of a @entity122 index provides information about cardiovascular and overall mortality risk with high predictive power, showing that @entity122 measurements provide discriminatory prognostic power over and above conventional cardiovascular risk factors.

title: Aortic pulse wave velocity index and mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 with @entity150 (T1, 3 @entity1 ; T2, 6 @entity1 ; T3, 8 @entity1 ; T4a, 3 @entity1 ) were preoperatively treated with intra-arterial @entity632 chemotherapy in combination with low-dose irradiation. The originally scheduled operations were as follows: total cystectomy in 16 @entity1 (T1 + cis, 1 @entity1 ; T2, 5 @entity1 ; T3, 7 @entity1 ; T4a, 3 @entity1 ), segmental cystectomy in 2 @entity1 , and transurethral resection in 2 @entity1 . The total dose of @entity632 ranged from 120 to 540 mg (251.5 +/- 100.2 mg), and that of irradiation was from 4 to 36 Gy (24.4 +/- 7.3 Gy). Clinical and pathological effects were evaluated in all of the cases. Clinically, complete remission (CR) was observed in 14 cases (70.0%), partial remission (PR) was seen in 3 cases, a minor response (MR) occurred in 2 cases, and no response (NR) was seen in 1 @entity1 ; non @entity1 showed @entity74 ( @entity74 ). The pathological effects (according to the criteria of Shimosato et al.) were as follows: grade IV was seen in 10 cases, grade III in 3 cases, and less than grade II in 7 cases; however, viable @entity5 cell were not seen in 13 (65.0%) of the 20 cases. The bladder was preserved in 13 (81.3%) of the 16 cases for which total cystectomy had been recommended. All of the @entity1 were followed up for periods ranging from 3 to 54 months (26.3 +/- 16.5 months), during which time 6 @entity1 (30.0%) died (3 with @entity5 , 1 without @entity5 , and 2 unknown causes). The actual survival rate according to the stage of disease was 100.0% at 50 months in T1-T2 and 40.9% at 54 months in T3-T4a. In T3-T4a, the actual survival rate in pathologically complete responders was 60% (relative rate 68.8%) at 54 months, and the actual survival rate in incomplete responders was 25.0% (relative rate 27.1%) at 36 months. The results of our study are encouraging, especially in T1-T2 and T3-T4a cases, who showed a complete response. It is concluded that @entity632 intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with low-dose irradiation could be the first treatment of choice for locally invasive @entity150 .

title: The role of preoperative intra-arterial @entity632 chemotherapy in combination with low-dose irradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 with @entity150 (T1, 3 @entity1 ; T2, 6 @entity1 ; T3, 8 @entity1 ; T4a, 3 @entity1 ) were preoperatively treated with intra-arterial @entity632 chemotherapy in combination with low-dose irradiation. The originally scheduled operations were as follows: total cystectomy in 16 @entity1 (T1 + cis, 1 @entity1 ; T2, 5 @entity1 ; T3, 7 @entity1 ; T4a, 3 @entity1 ), segmental cystectomy in 2 @entity1 , and transurethral resection in 2 @entity1 . The total dose of @entity632 ranged from 120 to 540 mg (251.5 +/- 100.2 mg), and that of irradiation was from 4 to 36 Gy (24.4 +/- 7.3 Gy). Clinical and pathological effects were evaluated in all of the cases. Clinically, complete remission (CR) was observed in 14 cases (70.0%), partial remission (PR) was seen in 3 cases, a minor response (MR) occurred in 2 cases, and no response (NR) was seen in 1 @entity1 ; non @entity1 showed @entity74 ( @entity74 ). The pathological effects (according to the criteria of Shimosato et al.) were as follows: grade IV was seen in 10 cases, grade III in 3 cases, and less than grade II in 7 cases; however, viable @entity5 cell were not seen in 13 (65.0%) of the 20 cases. The bladder was preserved in 13 (81.3%) of the 16 cases for which total cystectomy had been recommended. All of the @entity1 were followed up for periods ranging from 3 to 54 months (26.3 +/- 16.5 months), during which time 6 @entity1 (30.0%) died (3 with @entity5 , 1 without @entity5 , and 2 unknown causes). The actual survival rate according to the stage of disease was 100.0% at 50 months in T1-T2 and 40.9% at 54 months in T3-T4a. In T3-T4a, the actual survival rate in pathologically complete responders was 60% (relative rate 68.8%) at 54 months, and the actual survival rate in incomplete responders was 25.0% (relative rate 27.1%) at 36 months. The results of our study are encouraging, especially in T1-T2 and T3-T4a cases, who showed a complete response. It is concluded that @entity632 intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with low-dose irradiation could be the first treatment of choice for locally invasive @entity150 .

title: The role of preoperative intra-arterial XXXX chemotherapy in combination with low-dose irradiation for @entity150 .

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: A 42-d trial was conducted to study the influence of exogenous alpha-amylase on digestive and performance traits in broilers fed a @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal diet. There were two treatments (control and alpha-amylase supplemented diet) and six replicates (14 Cobb male chicks caged together) per treatment. At 7 d of age, alpha-amylase supplementation improved daily gain by 9.4% (P < or = 0.05) and feed conversion by 4.2% (P < or = 0.01). At the end of the trial, birds fed the alpha-amylase-supplemented diet ate more and grew faster (P < or = 0.05) and hadbetter feed conversion (P < or = 0.10) than broilers fed the control diet. Also, alpha-amylase supplementation improved apparent fecal digestibility of organic matter and starch (P < or = 0.01) and AMEn of the diet (P < or = 0.001). However, no effects were detected for @entity2723 or fat digestibility. Nutrient digestibility and AMEn of the diet increased with age (P < or = 0.001); however, no interactions of alpha-amylase x age were observed for any trait. Coefficients of apparent ileal and fecal digestibility of starch at 28 d of age were similar, which indicated that most of the undigested starch was not fermented in the hindgut of the @entity1573 . alpha-Amylase supplementation reduced relative pancreas weight (P < or = 0.001) but did not affect the weight of the remaining organs. Age consistently reduced intestinal viscosity and relative weights of all the organs (P < or = 0.001). The data indicated that alpha-amylase supplementation of a @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal diet improved digestibility of nutrients and performance of broilers.

title: Alpha-amylase supplementation of broiler diets based on XXXX .

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['corn']


abstract: The first goal of this study was to examine bilateral effects of reflex activation of sympathetic nerves on the cerebral circulation. @entity410 , which activate sympathetic nerves, were induced in animals with intact nerves and after bilateral cervical sympathetic denervation. Increases in cerebral blood flow (microspheres) and decreases in cerebral vascular resistance were similar in denervated and innervated animals. Thus, during intense metabolic stimulation, metabolic factors are the primary determinant of cerebral blood flow, and bilateral effects of sympathetic nerves are minimal. The second goal of this study was to examine the role of vascular @entity1184 in protection of the cerebral circulation. Cerebral perfusion pressure was decreased on one side by clipping one carotid artery in 4-week-old @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . Two to four months later, the clip was removed, and @entity410 were induced. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebrum occurred predominantly on the clipped side. We suggest that reduction in perfusion pressure attenuates development of @entity1184 and thereby increases susceptibility to disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Thus, @entity1184 of cerebral vessels during chronic @entity101 may protect the cerebral circulation.

title: Cerebral circulation: effects of sympathetic nerves and protective mechanisms during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vascular hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Current use of angioplasty, thrombolysis, and surgical techniques for prompt reperfusion of an acute @entity583 raises questions concerning the optimum reperfusion technique for maximum myocardial salvage. Alterations in the conditions of reperfusion and/or the composition of the initial reperfusate can exert a significant effect on the extent of myocardial salvage. In an effort to define an optimum reperfusion technique, we used 40 @entity235 in a series of experiments in which the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was snared for 2 hr followed by reperfusion by one of five methods for 4 hr. In addition, in a control group(group I, n = 6) the LAD was occluded for 6 hr without any reperfusion. In group 2 (n = 12), simulating medical reperfusion, reperfusion was achieved by simply releasing the snare for 4 hr. Group 3 @entity235 (n = 6) were placed on pulsatile left @entity2096 throughout 4 hr of reperfusion. Group 4 @entity235 (n = 9) were placed on percutaneous, synchronized pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass during reperfusion. The procedure in group 5 (n = 7) @entity235 simulated coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass and cold blood, low-Ca++ cardioplegia during reperfusion. Group 6 (n = 6) was treated similarly except that during reperfusion @entity535 -enriched cardioplegia was administered by warm induction techniques. At the end of 4 hr of reperfusion, the left ventricular area of @entity1188 was determined by @entity5045 staining and expressed as a percentage of the left ventricular area at risk for @entity1188 (area of @entity1188 [AI]/area at risk [AR]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of methods for limiting XXXX expansion during acute reperfusion--primary role of unloading.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['atrial-femoral bypass']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: A driving simulator was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a 30-min. nap and 300-mg slow-release @entity5834 as countermeasures to drivers' @entity25 induced by @entity1949 . 12 @entity1 were allowed 45 hr. time in bed at the laboratory. Driving performance then was measured twice--at 9 a.m. and at 1 p.m.--by a 45-min. driving task on a simulator. @entity25 /alertness and mood were assessed four times on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and the Profile of Mood States. Driving performance was assessed as Lane Drifting, Speed Deviation, and Accident Liability. A 30-min. nap opportunity and 300 mg of slow-release @entity5834 both were successful in counteracting drivers' @entity25 . The remedial effect of slow-release @entity5834 lasted longer than that of the nap, that is, it was also effective in the afternoon session. This suggests that slow-release @entity5834 represents a valuable countermeasure that, in the case of @entity1949 , is preferred to a nap when @entity25 has to be counteracted for a longer time.

title: Effects of slow-release @entity5834 and a nap on driving simulator performance after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['partial sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'Subjective sleepiness']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['partial sleep deprivation']


abstract: A driving simulator was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a 30-min. nap and 300-mg slow-release @entity5834 as countermeasures to drivers' @entity25 induced by @entity1949 . 12 @entity1 were allowed 45 hr. time in bed at the laboratory. Driving performance then was measured twice--at 9 a.m. and at 1 p.m.--by a 45-min. driving task on a simulator. @entity25 /alertness and mood were assessed four times on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and the Profile of Mood States. Driving performance was assessed as Lane Drifting, Speed Deviation, and Accident Liability. A 30-min. nap opportunity and 300 mg of slow-release @entity5834 both were successful in counteracting drivers' @entity25 . The remedial effect of slow-release @entity5834 lasted longer than that of the nap, that is, it was also effective in the afternoon session. This suggests that slow-release @entity5834 represents a valuable countermeasure that, in the case of @entity1949 , is preferred to a nap when @entity25 has to be counteracted for a longer time.

title: Effects of slow-release XXXX and a nap on driving simulator performance after @entity1949 .

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['caffeine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incomplete resection of a @entity1491 does not necessarily imply @entity5 recurrence. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the clinical features most often associated with positive surgical margins and to establish whether positive margins effectively imply @entity5 recurrence. METHODS: We did a retrospective evaluation of 273 @entity1491 in a total of 248 subjects. For each case, data regarding @entity5 location, sex, histological type and the presence or absence of affected surgical margins were collected. Follow-up was available in 151 cases. RESULTS: Positive margins were most often observed in @entity922 , particularly in the nasal and perioral areas, and for morphoeic histological types. Tumours with margin involvement exhibited a higher recurrence rate (26%) than those with free margins (14%) over a 5-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Individualized management, with special considerations depending on @entity5 location and histological type, is needed to treat @entity1491 and cases with affected margins. Re-excision, preferably with Mohs' surgery, is advised in the latter as recurrences are much more complicated to treat. Furthermore, all cases need adequate follow-up, even in cases with unaffected surgical margins.

title: Positive margins in XXXX : relationship to clinical features and recurrence risk. A retrospective study of 248 patients.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['facial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prepare and evaluate the solid lipid nanoparticles of @entity7651 (BA- @entity72469 ) for ocular drug delivery system. METHODS: The BA- @entity72469 was prepared by emulsification/ultrasonication method. The appearance of BA- @entity72469 was examined by the negative stain method. The mean diameter and zeta potential of BA- @entity72469 were determined using a Zetasizer. The entrapment efficiency of BA- @entity72469 was determined by Sephadex-G50 column. And the solid-state characterization of BA- @entity72469 was analyzed by DSC and X-ray. The release of drug from BA- @entity72469 was evaluated using dialysis bag diffusion technique. The effects of @entity72469 on corneal permeability of @entity7651 were investigated in vitro, using isolated @entity95 corneas. The in vivo ocular irritation of BA- @entity72469 was tested by pathological section observation using @entity95 . The pharmacokinetics was evaluated by microdialysis in the @entity95 aqueous humors. RESULTS: The results showed that the BA- @entity72469 had an average diameter of 91.42    1.02 nm with a zeta potential of -33.5    -1.28 mV and the entrapment efficiency of 62.45    1.67%. In vitro release studies indicated that the BA- @entity72469 retained the drug entity better than the @entity7651 ophthalmic solutions (BA-SOL). In the pharmacokinetics studies, the AUC value of BA- @entity72469 was 4.0-fold versus the BA-SOL (P < 0.01), and the Cmax value of BA- @entity72469 versus the BA-SOL was 5.3-fold (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity72469 can be used as a carrier to enhance ocular bioavailability of @entity7651 .

title: Preparation and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles of XXXX for ocular drug delivery system in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity7651 :: ('MESH:C038044', 'Chemical') :: ['baicalin']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'rabbits']

answer: @entity7651 :: (MESH:C038044,Chemical) :: ['baicalin']


abstract: With an incidence of 1/2800 to 1/5000 live-births, perinatal arterial @entity385 is the most frequent form of @entity385 in @entity1 . About 40% of the @entity1 do not have specific symptoms in the neonatal period, and are only recognized later with the emergence of @entity73 , @entity245 , specific @entity73 or @entity410 . In the remaining 60%, @entity1 present with early symptoms, mostly recurrent focal @entity410 in the first 3 days of life. The diagnosis is easily confirmed by cranial ultrasounds and MRI. Early MRI has both a key role in the diagnosis, dating the injury, but also an important prognostic value to predict the motor outcome of the @entity1 . Indeed, although the @entity1188 does not recur, the majority of @entity1 show subsequent sequels: @entity306 , @entity302 , @entity73 . Finding predictors of outcome regarding these latter concerns (and the way to prevent or alleviate them) is of major interest. The main etiological hypothesis for perinatal @entity1984 is a @entity999 , originating from the placenta through the foramen ovale. Most of the established risk factors are indeed either determinants or biomarkers of vasculo-placental pathology. Injury to the cervico-cerebral arteries, giving rise to @entity715 /embolus during the birthing process is also suggested. Both placento-embolic and traumatic theories are supported by a few, but well-analysed pathological or arteriographic reports. Nevertheless, their relative frequency, the implication of other mechanisms, and their repercussions to evidence-based preventive strategies remain to be determined. Moreover, the mechanism of @entity64 in the different groups of newborns with @entity64 (term vs. preterm; symptomatic neonates vs. those with a delayed presentation) is likely to be different, and there is a need for future studies to assess all populations as different entities. Neonatal supportive care remains important for all @entity1 while there is no evidence for preventive anticoagulant use at present. In an effort to reduce @entity51 , and in adjunction with ongoing physical therapy and pharmacological treatment, new rehabilitative interventions, such as constraint-induced movement therapy and mirror therapy, are increasingly being used.

title: New insights (and new interrogations) in perinatal arterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive or behavioural problems', 'motor impairment', 'cognitive deficiency']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolus']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The daily @entity648 levels during the first week of life in 94 premature very low birthweight (VLBW, less than 1500 g) relatively 'healthy' @entity1 were determined. Mean daily @entity648 values peaked on the fourth day of life at 188.1 mumol/l (s.e.m. = 5.3). Twenty-eight @entity1 developed hyperbilirubinaemia ( @entity648 greater than 260 mumol/l), at which time they were exposed to phototherapy. When individual peak @entity648 values were evaluated, the overall peak value was 213.9 mumol/l (s.e.m. = 5.1) occurring at 4.81 days (s.e.m. = 0.11), although the value is most likely an underestimate, since the 28 pre-phototherapy values were not truly peak values. Seventy-six (81%) @entity1 experienced @entity648 levels greater than 170 mumol/l. The method of delivery apparently had no impact on the @entity648 levels. All the @entity1 remained well and progressed satisfactorily. 'Healthy' VLBW @entity1 experience a much greater incidence and severity of @entity4837 than mature @entity1 with the same clinical status.

title: XXXX in 'healthy' very low birthweight @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal jaundice']

answer: @entity4837 :: (MESH:D007567,Disease) :: ['Neonatal jaundice']


abstract: The daily @entity648 levels during the first week of life in 94 premature very low birthweight (VLBW, less than 1500 g) relatively 'healthy' @entity1 were determined. Mean daily @entity648 values peaked on the fourth day of life at 188.1 mumol/l (s.e.m. = 5.3). Twenty-eight @entity1 developed hyperbilirubinaemia ( @entity648 greater than 260 mumol/l), at which time they were exposed to phototherapy. When individual peak @entity648 values were evaluated, the overall peak value was 213.9 mumol/l (s.e.m. = 5.1) occurring at 4.81 days (s.e.m. = 0.11), although the value is most likely an underestimate, since the 28 pre-phototherapy values were not truly peak values. Seventy-six (81%) @entity1 experienced @entity648 levels greater than 170 mumol/l. The method of delivery apparently had no impact on the @entity648 levels. All the @entity1 remained well and progressed satisfactorily. 'Healthy' VLBW @entity1 experience a much greater incidence and severity of @entity4837 than mature @entity1 with the same clinical status.

title: @entity4837 in 'healthy' very low birthweight XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Experimental evidence suggests that leptin may exert direct effects on peripheral tissues. In this study we investigated some transductional molecules in skeletal muscle, after intraperitoneal leptin injection in wild-type and ob/ob @entity19 . By immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting with anti- @entity10393 antibodies, we observed a modified pattern of @entity10393 proteins. We then identified an increase in @entity16404 , @entity3241 and @entity3238 @entity669 -phosphorylation and in their association with @entity14881 , a subunit of @entity3115 . The increase in @entity3115 activity in immunoprecipitated @entity14881 did not reach statistical significance, however, both @entity1994 and @entity6913 resulted significantly hyper-phosphorylated. Bad, an @entity1994 substrate involved in cell survival, appeared modified in its phosphorylation. @entity13437 , @entity13436 and @entity1995 MAP kinase phosphorylation significantly increased, even if the latter only in wild-type animals. Finally, by EMSA experiments, we documented that leptin increased the DNA binding capacity of @entity10433 homodimers and AP-1. Thus, leptin appears to activate, within minutes, some insulin signalling molecules. @entity10433 and AP-1 activation by gene expression remodelling could subsequently trigger more leptin-specific effects. Further, leptin might play a still underestimated role in cell survival.

title: Early intracellular events induced by in vivo leptin treatment in XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In many mammals, hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy and parturition produce neurochemical events that are necessary for the transition from a non-maternal state to a maternal state that occurs when @entity1 are born. However, the nature of these events is mostly unknown. We investigated whether changes in @entity935 (DA) and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) activity within the preoptic area (POA) and striatum, neural sites important for some @entity146 , could be part of this process. Female @entity35 were sacrificed as either diestrus virgins, on pregnancy day 10 or 20, on the day of parturition, or on day 7 or 17 of lactation. Bilateral tissue punches from the POA, dorsolateral striatum (ST(dl)), and nucleus accumbens (NA) were obtained and levels of intracellular DA and @entity750 analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). In the POA, DA was high in virgins and during early pregnancy, lowest on the day of parturition, and very high during lactation. Although there were no changes in the @entity4925 to DA ratio (i.e., turnover), @entity4925 levels also followed this pattern. @entity750 turnover in the POA was lower in virgins compared to other groups. In the ST(dl), DA turnover was highest during late pregnancy and on the day of parturition, while no changes in @entity750 measures were found. No significant effects were found in the NA. Therefore, decreased DAergic activity in the POA and increased DAergic activity in the ST(dl) occurs around parturition, the time when maternal behavior emerges, and may influence its onset.

title: Intracellular preoptic and striatal monoamines in pregnant and lactating XXXX : possible role in maternal behavior.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['maternal behaviors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of corticosteroids in severe @entity295 and @entity55 remains controversial. This study described the use of L'Abb   and pooled calibration plots to assess the relationship between severity of illness and effectiveness of corticosteroids for severe @entity295 . METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing corticosteroids and placebo from Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were retrieved. The observed and predicted mortality rates of the placebo groups were used as a measure of the severity of illness of the @entity1 in L'Abb   and calibration plots. RESULTS: A total of 1089 @entity1 from 10 RCTs fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subject to further analysis. L'Abb   and calibration plots did not suggest significant interactions between the effectiveness of corticosteroids and severity of illness. The pooled calibration plot suggested that the mortality rates of the placebo groups from three studies were higher than predicted. After excluding these studies in the meta-analysis, there was a reduction in the point estimate of benefit of corticosteroids on mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71-1.33, P=0.87 by a fixed-effect model, P=0.59 by a random-effects model vs OR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.66-1.10%]. CONCLUSIONS: The pooled calibration plot suggested that there were excessive deaths in the placebo groups of some RCTs that could explain the apparent benefit of corticosteroids on mortality of @entity1 with severe @entity295 . L'Abb   and pooled calibration plots might be useful as adjuncts to assess interactions between severity of illness and effectiveness of an intervention.

title: Use of L'Abb   and pooled calibration plots to assess the relationship between severity of illness and effectiveness in studies of corticosteroids for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE(S): @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) are serious complications in @entity1 and for which the standard of care, unfractionated heparin followed by oral anticoagulation (UFH/ @entity571 ), is problematic. The objective of REVIVE was to compare the efficacy and safety of a low molecular weight heparin (reviparin- @entity1372 ) to UFH/ @entity571 for the treatment of @entity1211 in @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: This multicenter, open-label study, with blinded central outcome adjudication, randomized @entity1 with objectively confirmed @entity1211 to receive either reviparin- @entity1372 or UFH/ @entity571 . Dose adjustments were made using nomograms. The efficacy outcome was based on recurrent @entity1211 and @entity204 due to @entity1211 during the 3-month treatment period. The safety outcomes were @entity548 , minor @entity548 and @entity204 . Due to slow @entity1 accrual, REVIVE was closed prematurely. RESULTS: At 3 months, with reviparin- @entity1372 , 2/36 @entity1 (5.6%) had recurrent @entity1211 or @entity204 compared to 4/40 @entity1 (10.0%) receiving UFH/ @entity571 (odds ratio=0.53; 95% CI=(0.05, 4.00); Fisher's exact test: 2P=0.677). There were 7 major @entity548 , 2/36 (5.6%) in the reviparin- @entity1372 group and 5/40 (12.5%) in UFH/ @entity571 group (odds ratio=0.41; 95% confidence interval 0.04, 2.76); Fisher's exact test: P=0.435). There were 5 deaths during the study period, 1 (2.8%) in the reviparin- @entity1372 group and 4 (10.0%) in the UFH/ @entity571 group. All five deaths were unrelated to @entity1211 but one was due to an @entity932 in the UFH/ @entity571 group. CONCLUSIONS: Although limited by small sample size, REVIVE provides valuable information on the incidence of recurrent @entity1211 , @entity548 and problematic issues associated with therapy of @entity1211 in @entity1 .

title: An open-label randomized controlled trial of low molecular weight heparin compared to heparin and coumadin for the treatment of venous thromboembolic events in XXXX : the REVIVE trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'bleeds', 'major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolic events', 'VTE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE(S): Central venous lines (CVLs) are major risk factors for @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) in @entity1 . The objective of PROTEKT was to determine if a low molecular weight heparin (reviparin- @entity1372 ) safely prevents CVL-related @entity1211 . STUDY DESIGN: This multi-center, open-label study, with blinded central outcome adjudication, randomized @entity1 with new CVLs to twice-daily reviparin- @entity1372 or standard care. The efficacy outcome was based on an exit venogram at Day 30 (+14 days), or earlier in case of CVL removal, or confirmed symptomatic @entity1211 . The safety outcomes were @entity548 and @entity204 . Due to slow and restricted @entity1 accrual, PROTEKT was closed prematurely. RESULTS: With reviparin- @entity1372 , 14.1% (11:78) of @entity1 had @entity1211 compared to 12.5% (10:80) of control @entity1 (odds ratio=1.15; 95% confidence interval 0.42, 3.23); 2P=0.82). One @entity1 had a @entity548 and there were two deaths, all three events occurring in the standard care group. CONCLUSIONS: The use of reviparin- @entity1372 for short-term prophylaxis of CVL-related @entity1211 in @entity1 was safe but its efficacy remains unclear. Although underpowered, PROTEKT provided valuable information on event rates and predictors of CVL-related @entity1211 .

title: An open-label randomized controlled trial of low molecular weight heparin for the prevention of central venous line-related thrombotic complications in XXXX : the PROTEKT trial.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['major bleed', 'major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']