abstract: UNASSIGNED: This article reviews four important screening principles applicable to screening mammography in order to facilitate informed choice. The first principle is that screening may help, hurt, or have no effect. In order to reduce mortality and mastectomy rates, screening must reduce the rate of @entity1442 , which likely has not happened. Through overdiagnosis, screening produces substantial harm by increasing both lumpectomy and mastectomy rates, which offsets the often-promised benefit of less invasive therapy. Next, all-cause mortality is the most reliable way to measure the efficacy of a screening intervention. Disease-specific mortality is biased due to difficulties in attribution of cause of @entity204 and to increased mortality due to overdiagnosis and the resulting overtreatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. To enhance participation, the benefit from screening is often presented in relative instead of absolute terms. Third, some screening statistics must be interpreted with caution. Increased survival time and the percentage of early-stage @entity5 at detection sound plausible, but are affected by lead-time and length biases. In addition, analyses that only include @entity1 who attend screening cannot reliably correct for selection bias. The final principle is that accounting for @entity5 biology is important for accurate estimates of lead time, and the potential benefit from screening. Since "early detection" is actually late in a @entity5 's lifetime, the time window when screen detection might extend a @entity1 's life is narrow, as many @entity5 that can form metastases will already have done so. Instead of encouraging screening mammography, physicians should help @entity1 make an informed decision as with any medical intervention.

title: Four Principles to Consider Before Advising XXXX on Screening Mammography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a tool in identifying traumatized @entity1 at low risk of @entity174 and to determine the sensitivity of this low-risk model for @entity174 . We hypothesized that the proportion of @entity1 without predictors with @entity174 is less than 1%. METHODS: This is a retrospective @entity130 registry analysis of previously healthy @entity1 1 year to 17 years old presenting to the pediatric emergency department with @entity130 . Postulated predictors of @entity174 on radiograph or computed tomography included @entity158 /abnormal examination result of the pelvis/hip, @entity85 , @entity811 , abdominal @entity158 /tenderness, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score of 13 or lower, and @entity1344 . We used multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of @entity174 . RESULTS: Of 1,121 eligible @entity1 (mean [SD] age, 8.5 [4.6] years), 87 (7.8%) had @entity174 . Independent predictors included @entity158 /abnormal examination result of the pelvis/hip (odds ratio [OR], 16.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6-29.1), @entity811 (OR, 6.6; 95% CI, 3.0-14.6), @entity85 (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 3.1-11.3), GCS score of 13 or lower (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.3), and @entity1344 (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.7-6.9). One of 590 @entity1 (0.2%; 95% CI, 0-0.5%) without predictors had @entity174 versus 86 (16.2%) of 531 in those with one or more predictors (OR, 119; 95% CI, 16.6-833). One of 87 @entity1 with @entity174 had no predictors (1.1%; 95% CI, 0-3%). When assuming a 100% radiography rate, this tool saves 53% pelvic radiographs. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with multiple @entity130 without @entity158 /abnormal examination result of the pelvis/hip, @entity85 , @entity811 , abdominal @entity158 /tenderness, GCS score of 13 or lower, or @entity1344 constitute a low-risk population for @entity174 , with less than 0.5% risk rate. This population does not require routine pelvic imaging. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV.

title: Which pediatric XXXX @entity1 do not require pelvic imaging?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture', 'pelvic fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['femur deformity', 'femoral deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a tool in identifying traumatized @entity1 at low risk of @entity174 and to determine the sensitivity of this low-risk model for @entity174 . We hypothesized that the proportion of @entity1 without predictors with @entity174 is less than 1%. METHODS: This is a retrospective @entity130 registry analysis of previously healthy @entity1 1 year to 17 years old presenting to the pediatric emergency department with @entity130 . Postulated predictors of @entity174 on radiograph or computed tomography included @entity158 /abnormal examination result of the pelvis/hip, @entity85 , @entity811 , abdominal @entity158 /tenderness, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score of 13 or lower, and @entity1344 . We used multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of @entity174 . RESULTS: Of 1,121 eligible @entity1 (mean [SD] age, 8.5 [4.6] years), 87 (7.8%) had @entity174 . Independent predictors included @entity158 /abnormal examination result of the pelvis/hip (odds ratio [OR], 16.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6-29.1), @entity811 (OR, 6.6; 95% CI, 3.0-14.6), @entity85 (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 3.1-11.3), GCS score of 13 or lower (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.3), and @entity1344 (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.7-6.9). One of 590 @entity1 (0.2%; 95% CI, 0-0.5%) without predictors had @entity174 versus 86 (16.2%) of 531 in those with one or more predictors (OR, 119; 95% CI, 16.6-833). One of 87 @entity1 with @entity174 had no predictors (1.1%; 95% CI, 0-3%). When assuming a 100% radiography rate, this tool saves 53% pelvic radiographs. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with multiple @entity130 without @entity158 /abnormal examination result of the pelvis/hip, @entity85 , @entity811 , abdominal @entity158 /tenderness, GCS score of 13 or lower, or @entity1344 constitute a low-risk population for @entity174 , with less than 0.5% risk rate. This population does not require routine pelvic imaging. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV.

title: Which pediatric @entity130 XXXX do not require pelvic imaging?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Natural disasters, including drought and salt stress, seriously threaten food security. In previous work we cloned a key @entity219 finger transcription factor gene, Drought and Salt Tolerance (DST), a negative regulator of drought and salt tolerance that controls stomatal aperture in @entity579 . However, the exact mechanism by which DST regulates the expression of target genes remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that DST Co-activator 1 (DCA1), a previously unknown CHY zinc finger protein, acts as an interacting co-activator of DST. DST was found to physically interact with itself and to form a heterologous tetramer with DCA1. This transcriptional complex appears to regulate the expression of peroxidase 24 precursor (Prx 24), a gene encoding an @entity5568 scavenger that is more highly expressed in guard cells. Downregulation of DCA1 significantly enhanced drought and salt tolerance in @entity579 , and overexpression of DCA1 increased sensitivity to stress treatment. These phenotypes were mainly influenced by DCA1 and negatively regulated stomatal closure through the direct modulation of genes associated with @entity5568 homeostasis. Our findings establish a framework for plant drought and salt stress tolerance through the DCA1-DST-Prx24 pathway. Moreover, due to the evolutionary and functional conservation of DCA1 and DST in plants, engineering of this pathway has the potential to improve tolerance to abiotic stress in other important crop species.

title: DCA1 Acts as a Transcriptional Co-activator of DST and Contributes to Drought and Salt Tolerance in XXXX .

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['Rice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QOL) can be affected by diseases, disasters, and exposure events to environmental factors. However, whether health-related QOL (HRQOL) might be adversely affected by exposure to @entity8710 -like chemicals 30 years ago is unknown. METHODS: We studied @entity1 who were poisoned to @entity3215 ( @entity3215 ) and dibebenzofurans (PCDFs) due to ingestion of contaminated @entity579 oil in 1979 in central Taiwan, and were called Yucheng (oil-disease in Chinese) @entity1 . In 2008, we conducted a survey in 1305 exposed @entity1 by mailed questionnaire, which included HRQOL by World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) Taiwanese version. A total of 240 Yucheng subjects aged 18-65 years satisfactorily completed the Questionnaire. For comparison, we obtained information from the database of 2001 National Health Survey conducted by the National Health Research Institute and Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health, Taiwan. Data from age-, sex-, and county-matched background individuals were extracted using 1:3 match. HRQOL among Yucheng @entity1 with/without skin manifestation and unexposed referents were compared, while adjusting for other factors by multiple regression analyzes. RESULTS: The Yucheng @entity1 had significantly reduced scores in the physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains as compared to the referents. Those with skin manifestations were more severely affected than those with no skin manifestations, suggesting a dose-related effect on QOL in exposed @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We show for the very first time that @entity4968 due to persistent organic pollutants PCBs and PCDFs can affect QOL 30 years after the exposure, especially among those most severely poisoned.

title: Health related quality of life and XXXX and dibenzofurans exposure: 30 years follow-up of Yucheng cohort.

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

answer: @entity3215 :: (MESH:D011078,Chemical) :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aims of this study were to identify arteriographic manifestations of @entity810 and to evaluate the @entity887 . @entity8 angiography was performed on 83 @entity1 with @entity810 . As soon as @entity548 arteries were identified, emergency embolization was performed using gelatin sponge, @entity4832 particles, and coils. The arteriographic presentation and the effect of the treatment for @entity810 were analyzed retrospectively. Contrast extravasation was observed in 41 @entity1 . @entity8 were found in 12 of the 41 @entity1 . In all, 8 other @entity1 had a renal @entity2849 , 5 had @entity397 complicated by a @entity8 , and 1 had @entity397 complicated by a renal @entity17954 . Another 16 @entity1 had @entity5 vasculature seen on arteriography. Before the procedure, 35 @entity1 underwent renal artery computed tomography angiography (CTA). Following emergency embolization, complete hemostasis was achieved in 80 @entity1 , although persistent @entity811 was present in 3 renal @entity130 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 who had undergone percutaneous nephrolithotomy (justifying surgical @entity8 in this @entity1 ). Two-year follow-up revealed an overall effective rate of 95.18 % (79/83) for emergency embolization. There were no serious complications. Emergency embolization is a safe, effective, minimally invasive treatment for @entity548 . Because of the diversified arteriographic presentation of @entity810 , proper selection of the embolic agent is a key to successful hemostasis. Preoperative renal CTA plays an important role in diagnosing and localizing the @entity548 artery.

title: Emergency Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal arteriovenous fistulas', 'Emergency renal artery', 'removal of the ipsilateral kidney', 'renal arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'renal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity17954 :: ('MESH:D016157', 'Disease') :: ['artery-calyceal fistula']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['efficacy of emergency embolization']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Renal Hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity3554 , an unusual complication of systemic @entity5 , is becoming more common as @entity5 @entity1 live longer. Although leptomeningeal metastases from solid @entity5 are usually associated with multifocal neurological signs, the authors report on 4 @entity1 who presented with normal findings on neurological examination. One @entity1 had severe @entity10 and complex partial @entity410 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed @entity2287 enhancement of multiple cranial nerves. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology was positive for @entity320 . One @entity1 presented with severe @entity10 . MRIs of the brain with and without @entity2287 appeared normal. CSF cytology was positive for @entity420 . One @entity1 presented with morning @entity10 , and a @entity1 presented with back @entity158 . Both had CSF cytologies positive for @entity706 . @entity3554 can occur without abnormalities on neurological or MRI examinations. Lumbar punctures should be performed on @entity5 @entity1 with severe, unusual, or prolonged @entity10 .

title: XXXX with normal neurological findings. Magnetic resonance imaging results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['migratory retroorbital headaches', 'headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplastic meningitis']

answer: @entity3554 :: (MESH:D008577,Disease) :: ['Neoplastic meningitis']


abstract: AIM: To assess the state of the proximal portion of a @entity715 of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in @entity1 with varicophlebitis by means of duplex scanning of veins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined a total of 40 @entity1 with acute varicophlebitis of the GSV: 11 (27.5%) @entity1 and 29 (72.5%) @entity1 , the @entity1 ' average age amounted to 53.5 years (range 29-78). Duplex scanning (DS) was used to determine: localization and extent of @entity715 , the presence of a free portion, density and configuration of the contour of the proximal portion of the @entity715 , proximal level of the inflammatory wall and paravasal fat. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Inflammation was located on the crus in 12 (30%) @entity1 , on the femur in 10 (25%), on the crus and femur in 18 (45%) @entity1 . According to the findings of DS, of 28 (70%) @entity1 with femoral inflammation the upper end of the @entity715 was located in the lower third of the femur in 9 (22.5%) @entity1 , in the middle third in 11 (27.5%) @entity1 and in 8 (20%) @entity1 in the upper third. In 29 (72.5%) @entity1 the @entity715 had no free part, eleven (27.5%) were found to have a floating portion 1.0-10 cm long (averagely 3.58 cm). The incidence of floating thrombi is determined by the diameter of the thrombosed vessel: in femoral localization the floating part was in 9 (22.5%) @entity1 , in crural localization - in 2 (5%). A distinct edge of the proximal contour was present in 30 (75%) @entity1 , diffuse contour in 10 (25%). In 8 (20%) @entity1 the proximal portion of the @entity715 by density did not differ from the @entity1 ' body. In 3 (7.5%) @entity1 it approximated to density of blood. In the majority of cases (60%) the proximal portion was of cellular character with alternation of portions of various density. Thickness of the altered paravasal fat amounted to 7-20 mm (averagely 8.68 mm). The boarder of the @entity715 in 56 (90%) @entity1 located proximal to inflammation of the wall and paravasal fat by 4.0-60.0 cm (averagely 6.0 cm). This demonstrates that clinical symptoms induce @entity3527 and @entity2688 . CONCLUSION: Detailed examination of the proximal portion of the @entity715 in @entity1 with varicophlebitis of the GSV by means of DS makes it possible to accurately evaluate its condition: assessment of density and configuration provides a more detailed characterisation of the degree of maturity of the proximal portion of the @entity715 . @entity715 density comparable with density of liquid blood in combination with its extended free portion may increase the risk of @entity715 migration.

title: [Condition of the proximal portion of the XXXX in varicophlebitis of the great saphenous vein.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['paravasal cellulitis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bursectomy, a procedure dissecting the peritoneal lining covering the pancreas and the anterior plane of the transverse mesocolon, has been commonly performed with radical gastrectomy for @entity356 @entity1 . Although possibly improving the prognosis of @entity356 , adverse events related to bursectomy should be evaluated in prospective studies. METHODS: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted by experienced surgeons in 11 Japanese institutions. @entity1 with T2 or T3 @entity356 were intraoperatively randomized to radical gastrectomy plus D2 lymphadenectomy either with or without bursectomy. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 210 @entity1 were assigned to the bursectomy group (104 @entity1 ) and the nonbursectomy group (106 @entity1 ) between July 2002 and January 2007. Background characteristics were well balanced. Intraoperative @entity190 was greater in the bursectomy group than in the nonbursectomy group (median 475 vs. 350 ml, p = 0.047), whereas other surgical factors did not vary significantly. The overall morbidity rate was 14.3% (30 @entity1 ), the same for the two groups. Likewise, the incidence of @entity260 , including @entity3472 , @entity834 , @entity6177 , @entity1744 , @entity548 , and @entity55 , were not significantly different between the two groups. The medians of the amylase level of the drainage fluid on postoperative day 1 were similar for the two groups (median 282 vs. 314 IU/L, p = 0.543). The hospital mortality rate was 0.95%: one @entity1 per group. CONCLUSIONS: Experienced surgeons could safely perform a D2 gastrectomy with an additional bursectomy without @entity455 .

title: Influence of bursectomy on operative morbidity and mortality after radical gastrectomy for XXXX : results of a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['increased major surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['major postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Basal-like @entity0 often are regarded for circumscribed solitary lesions having unfavorable prognosis. On the other hand, a considerable proportion of @entity0 is multifocal and has increased metastatic potential. In this study, we analyzed the subgross distribution of the lesions in a @entity1491 , compared it with that in nonbasal-like @entity5 and studied the frequency of vascular invasion and lymph node @entity3 in relation to focality of the lesions. METHODS: A total of 511 consecutive cases documented in large-format histologic sections were studied. Tumors expressing at least one of the basal (myoepithelial) markers ( @entity4205 , @entity6881 , @entity470 ) in at least one of the invasive @entity5 foci were categorized as basal-like @entity5 . Triple-negative (ER/PR/ @entity1722 -negative) basal-like carcinomas also were analyzed. The distribution of lesions and the frequency of vascular invasion and lymph node @entity3 were analyzed. The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Committee Uppsala-  rebro. RESULTS: In 44% of cases, the invasive component was multifocal or diffuse. Combining the in situ and invasive @entity5 components resulted in 61% of cases with multifocal/diffuse distribution. The only statistically significant difference observed was that basal-like @entity5 lacked in situ components more often (21% vs. 9%; P  =  0.0075). No significant differences could be demonstrated regarding vascular invasion and lymph node status. Lymph node @entity3 appeared significantly more frequently in multifocal cases in both @entity5 categories. CONCLUSIONS: Basal-like @entity0 are as frequently multifocal as their non-basal-like counterparts; multifocality is associated with increased risk for vascular invasion and lymph node @entity3 in both @entity5 categories.

title: XXXX and its influence on lymph node status.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['series of basal-like carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Multifocality in "basal-like" breast carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate a novel induction regimen composed of @entity8779 ( @entity11059 ), @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ) and @entity8778 (IAC regimen) for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 , and to identify the prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes. METHODS: The clinical data of 27 untreated @entity3052 @entity1 who received the IAC regimen as primary induction therapy in our hospital between April and November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment outcomes of the IAC regimen were compared with two IA ( @entity11059 + @entity2592 ) regimens ( @entity11059 10 mg/m2 and @entity11059 12 mg/m2) in a pair-matched analysis. RESULTS: The complete remission (CR) rate in the IAC arm was higher compared to the IAL arm (p = 0.002) as was the overall efficacy rate (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in outcomes between the IAC and IAH ( @entity2592 with high-dose @entity11059 ) arms. The IAC arm contained significantly higher CR rates than the IAL ( @entity2592 with low-dose @entity11059 ) arm in both the intermediate group (p = 0.050) and the unfavorable group (p = 0.013). @entity137 did not differ between the IAC group and the other two arms. High WBC at diagnosis (p = 0.022) and an unfavorable karyotype (p = 0.026) were related to a poorer response. The IAC regimen (p = 0.013) had greater superiority over the IAL regimen on efficacy than over the IAH regimen (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: The IAC regimen achieved a more significant advantage over the IAL regimen without increasing the risk of adverse events. The efficacy of induction therapy is associated with WBC at diagnosis, karyotype and induction regimen.

title: Addition of XXXX to @entity8779 and @entity2592 during Induction Increases the Overall Efficacy Rate in Adult @entity1 with @entity3052 : A Matched-Pair Retrospective Comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['cladribine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine', 'Ara-C']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity8778 :: (MESH:D017338,Chemical) :: ['Cladribine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate a novel induction regimen composed of @entity8779 ( @entity11059 ), @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ) and @entity8778 (IAC regimen) for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 , and to identify the prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes. METHODS: The clinical data of 27 untreated @entity3052 @entity1 who received the IAC regimen as primary induction therapy in our hospital between April and November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment outcomes of the IAC regimen were compared with two IA ( @entity11059 + @entity2592 ) regimens ( @entity11059 10 mg/m2 and @entity11059 12 mg/m2) in a pair-matched analysis. RESULTS: The complete remission (CR) rate in the IAC arm was higher compared to the IAL arm (p = 0.002) as was the overall efficacy rate (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in outcomes between the IAC and IAH ( @entity2592 with high-dose @entity11059 ) arms. The IAC arm contained significantly higher CR rates than the IAL ( @entity2592 with low-dose @entity11059 ) arm in both the intermediate group (p = 0.050) and the unfavorable group (p = 0.013). @entity137 did not differ between the IAC group and the other two arms. High WBC at diagnosis (p = 0.022) and an unfavorable karyotype (p = 0.026) were related to a poorer response. The IAC regimen (p = 0.013) had greater superiority over the IAL regimen on efficacy than over the IAH regimen (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: The IAC regimen achieved a more significant advantage over the IAL regimen without increasing the risk of adverse events. The efficacy of induction therapy is associated with WBC at diagnosis, karyotype and induction regimen.

title: Addition of @entity8778 to @entity8779 and XXXX during Induction Increases the Overall Efficacy Rate in Adult @entity1 with @entity3052 : A Matched-Pair Retrospective Comparison.

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['Cytarabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate a novel induction regimen composed of @entity8779 ( @entity11059 ), @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ) and @entity8778 (IAC regimen) for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 , and to identify the prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes. METHODS: The clinical data of 27 untreated @entity3052 @entity1 who received the IAC regimen as primary induction therapy in our hospital between April and November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment outcomes of the IAC regimen were compared with two IA ( @entity11059 + @entity2592 ) regimens ( @entity11059 10 mg/m2 and @entity11059 12 mg/m2) in a pair-matched analysis. RESULTS: The complete remission (CR) rate in the IAC arm was higher compared to the IAL arm (p = 0.002) as was the overall efficacy rate (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in outcomes between the IAC and IAH ( @entity2592 with high-dose @entity11059 ) arms. The IAC arm contained significantly higher CR rates than the IAL ( @entity2592 with low-dose @entity11059 ) arm in both the intermediate group (p = 0.050) and the unfavorable group (p = 0.013). @entity137 did not differ between the IAC group and the other two arms. High WBC at diagnosis (p = 0.022) and an unfavorable karyotype (p = 0.026) were related to a poorer response. The IAC regimen (p = 0.013) had greater superiority over the IAL regimen on efficacy than over the IAH regimen (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: The IAC regimen achieved a more significant advantage over the IAL regimen without increasing the risk of adverse events. The efficacy of induction therapy is associated with WBC at diagnosis, karyotype and induction regimen.

title: Addition of @entity8778 to @entity8779 and @entity2592 during Induction Increases the Overall Efficacy Rate in Adult @entity1 with XXXX : A Matched-Pair Retrospective Comparison.

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['Acute Myeloid Leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate a novel induction regimen composed of @entity8779 ( @entity11059 ), @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ) and @entity8778 (IAC regimen) for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 , and to identify the prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes. METHODS: The clinical data of 27 untreated @entity3052 @entity1 who received the IAC regimen as primary induction therapy in our hospital between April and November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment outcomes of the IAC regimen were compared with two IA ( @entity11059 + @entity2592 ) regimens ( @entity11059 10 mg/m2 and @entity11059 12 mg/m2) in a pair-matched analysis. RESULTS: The complete remission (CR) rate in the IAC arm was higher compared to the IAL arm (p = 0.002) as was the overall efficacy rate (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in outcomes between the IAC and IAH ( @entity2592 with high-dose @entity11059 ) arms. The IAC arm contained significantly higher CR rates than the IAL ( @entity2592 with low-dose @entity11059 ) arm in both the intermediate group (p = 0.050) and the unfavorable group (p = 0.013). @entity137 did not differ between the IAC group and the other two arms. High WBC at diagnosis (p = 0.022) and an unfavorable karyotype (p = 0.026) were related to a poorer response. The IAC regimen (p = 0.013) had greater superiority over the IAL regimen on efficacy than over the IAH regimen (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: The IAC regimen achieved a more significant advantage over the IAL regimen without increasing the risk of adverse events. The efficacy of induction therapy is associated with WBC at diagnosis, karyotype and induction regimen.

title: Addition of @entity8778 to XXXX and @entity2592 during Induction Increases the Overall Efficacy Rate in Adult @entity1 with @entity3052 : A Matched-Pair Retrospective Comparison.

answer: @entity8779 :: (MESH:D015255,Chemical) :: ['Idarubicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate a novel induction regimen composed of @entity8779 ( @entity11059 ), @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ) and @entity8778 (IAC regimen) for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 , and to identify the prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes. METHODS: The clinical data of 27 untreated @entity3052 @entity1 who received the IAC regimen as primary induction therapy in our hospital between April and November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment outcomes of the IAC regimen were compared with two IA ( @entity11059 + @entity2592 ) regimens ( @entity11059 10 mg/m2 and @entity11059 12 mg/m2) in a pair-matched analysis. RESULTS: The complete remission (CR) rate in the IAC arm was higher compared to the IAL arm (p = 0.002) as was the overall efficacy rate (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in outcomes between the IAC and IAH ( @entity2592 with high-dose @entity11059 ) arms. The IAC arm contained significantly higher CR rates than the IAL ( @entity2592 with low-dose @entity11059 ) arm in both the intermediate group (p = 0.050) and the unfavorable group (p = 0.013). @entity137 did not differ between the IAC group and the other two arms. High WBC at diagnosis (p = 0.022) and an unfavorable karyotype (p = 0.026) were related to a poorer response. The IAC regimen (p = 0.013) had greater superiority over the IAL regimen on efficacy than over the IAH regimen (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: The IAC regimen achieved a more significant advantage over the IAL regimen without increasing the risk of adverse events. The efficacy of induction therapy is associated with WBC at diagnosis, karyotype and induction regimen.

title: Addition of @entity8778 to @entity8779 and @entity2592 during Induction Increases the Overall Efficacy Rate in Adult XXXX with @entity3052 : A Matched-Pair Retrospective Comparison.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although computed tomography (CT) has reduced negative appendectomy rates, its radiation risk remains a concern. We compared the performance statistics of the Alvarado Score (AS) with those of CT scan in the evaluation of suspected @entity698 , with the aim of identifying a subset of @entity1 who will benefit from CT evaluation. STUDY DESIGN: We performed prospective data collection on 350 consecutive @entity1 with suspected @entity698 who were evaluated with CT scans. The AS for each @entity1 was scored at admission and correlated with eventual histology and CT findings. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratios were determined for various AS and for CT scan. The AS ranges that benefitted most from CT evaluation were determined by comparing the positive likelihood ratios of CT scan with each of the AS cutoff values. RESULTS: The study included 134 males (38.3%) and 216 females (61.7%). The overall prevalence of @entity698 was 44.3% in the total study population; 37.5% in females and 55.2% in males. There were 168 @entity1 (48%) who underwent surgery, with a negative appendectomy rate of 7.7%. Positive likelihood ratio of disease was significantly greater than 1 only in @entity1 with an AS of 4 and above. An AS of 7 and above in males and 9 and above in females has a positive likelihood ratio comparable to that of CT scan. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation by CT is beneficial mainly in @entity1 with AS of 6 and below in males and 8 and below in females. We propose an objective management algorithm with the AS guiding subsequent evaluation.

title: Prospective comparison of the Alvarado score and CT scan in the evaluation of suspected XXXX : a proposed algorithm to guide CT use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Electronic noses can identify diseases, including @entity213 ( @entity957 ) by the fingerprint of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled air. However, whether these VOCs originated from the malignant lesion itself remains unclear. The objective was to test for the presence and properties of VOCs directly over the vocal folds in malignant and benign lesions, as a potential tool for noninvasive screening. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational case control study. METHODS: Samples of mucus directly covering vocal fold lesions were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry for detection of VOCs, and evaluation of the properties and quantity of VOCs in the samples. Additionally, samples of oropharyngeal mucus were analyzed to exclude VOCs found also in the vicinity of the lesion. Benign and malignant lesion groups were compared using a nonparametric (Mann-Whitney) test. RESULTS: We studied 14 @entity1 , six with @entity957 and eight with benign pathology. We found an increased number of discrete VOC types in @entity1 with @entity957 both above the lesion ( @entity957 = 4.333    2.5, benign = 0.875    0.6; Z=3, P < .001) and directly above the lesion with exclusion of its vicinity ( @entity957 = 3.167    1.9, benign = 0.5    0.5; Z = 2.8, P < .003). VOCs detected in SCCs but not in benign samples included the straight-chain @entity1718 : @entity4877 , @entity9461 , @entity35799 , and @entity71955 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with benign vocal fold lesions, the environment of vocal folds in @entity957 is enriched with VOCs. These preliminary findings highlight a unique pattern that may contribute to the development of a future minimally invasive technology for screening vocal fold lesions for @entity5 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Increased number of volatile organic compounds over XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity35799 :: ('MESH:C037652', 'Chemical') :: ['hexanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity9461 :: ('CHEBI:17418', 'Chemical') :: ['pentanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity4877 :: ('MESH:D020148', 'Chemical') :: ['butyric acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity71955 :: ('CHEBI:45571', 'Chemical') :: ['heptanoic acid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant glottic lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The quality of @entity135 reconstruction in England is not known. Hospital administrative data provides details of treatment within the English National Health Service and may be used for national outcomes analysis. METHODS: An algorithm for identifying head and neck surgery with flap-based reconstruction from administrative data was constructed and validated against information from three @entity5 units. The validated algorithm was applied to 2003-2013 national activity. RESULTS: The algorithm was 91% sensitive and over 99% specific. Its application to administrative data identified 11,841 @entity1 and demonstrated an increase of 52% in reconstruction-containing @entity135 surgery in the past decade. There were 7776 males and mean treatment age was 62 years. Oral cavity was the commonest primary site (n  =  7567; 64%) and 7575 @entity1 (64%) underwent primary surgery. The commonest procedure was floor-of-mouth excision (n  =  3614) and 9749 @entity1 had a neck dissection. The most commonly used flap was the radial forearm (n  =  4429). Flap failure occurred in 496 (4.2%) @entity1 . It increased the mean length of stay from 22 to 41 days (P  <  0.00001), and the odds ratio of in-hospital death to 2.37 [95% confidence interval 1.66-3.38; P  <  0.0001]. Lethality of reconstructive failure was not uniform and was highest when a pharyngolaryngeal flap failed. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstructive surgery is central to the multidisciplinary management of @entity135 . Its quality directly influences @entity1 morbidity and survival. We recommend that analysis of hospital administrative data should be periodically carried out as part of an over-arching quality assurance programme and, particularly for pharyngolaryngeal reconstructions, surgery should be undertaken in units with the best reconstructive outcomes.

title: Role of reconstructive surgery in the management of XXXX : A national outcomes analysis of 11,841 reconstructions.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are the most common @entity361 of the gastrointestinal tract. Previous studies have addressed the safety and feasibility of endoscopic band ligation (EBL) for the treatment of small gastric @entity674 . However, published reports comparing EBL with other interventions are limited. This current study evaluates the efficacy of EBL and compares EBL to both @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) and laparoscopic resection (LAP) for small gastric @entity674 less than 15  mm. METHODS: A total of 339 @entity1 who underwent endoscopic therapy or laparoscopic resection for gastric @entity674 between 1998 and 2012 were retrospectively identified and collected from medical records in our hospital. The parameters measured for each procedure type includes clinicopathological characteristics, length of stay, hospitalization expense and surgical outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 147 @entity1 included in our study, 72 (48.98  %) received EBL, 27 (18.37  %) received @entity5848 , and 48 (32.65  %) received LAP. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the @entity1 such as gender, age, @entity5 site and size were well balanced between the study groups. There was also no significant difference in follow-up time between the study groups. The mean operating time was significantly shorter in the @entity1 receiving EBL than @entity1 receiving @entity5848 and LAP (p  <  0.001). The estimated @entity190 was significantly different between the three groups (p  <  0.001). Complications occurred in 1.39  % of the @entity1 receiving EBL, 18.52  % of the @entity1 receiving @entity5848 and 4.17  % of the @entity1 receiving LAP (p  =  0.004), and recurrence rate in 15.00, 9.10 and 11.76  %, respectively (p  =  0.705). There was also significant difference about mean hospital stay and hospital cost between three groups (p  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results show a significant advantage in the short-term outcome for EBL compared to @entity5848 and LAP. However, long-term randomized controlled trials are needed to compare the three methods for the treatment of small @entity674 .

title: Endoscopic band ligation versus XXXX and laparoscopic resection for small gastric @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5848 :: ('MESH:D000784', 'Disease') :: ['ESD', 'endoscopic submucosal dissection']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

answer: @entity5848 :: (MESH:D000784,Disease) :: ['endoscopic submucosal dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are the most common @entity361 of the gastrointestinal tract. Previous studies have addressed the safety and feasibility of endoscopic band ligation (EBL) for the treatment of small gastric @entity674 . However, published reports comparing EBL with other interventions are limited. This current study evaluates the efficacy of EBL and compares EBL to both @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) and laparoscopic resection (LAP) for small gastric @entity674 less than 15  mm. METHODS: A total of 339 @entity1 who underwent endoscopic therapy or laparoscopic resection for gastric @entity674 between 1998 and 2012 were retrospectively identified and collected from medical records in our hospital. The parameters measured for each procedure type includes clinicopathological characteristics, length of stay, hospitalization expense and surgical outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 147 @entity1 included in our study, 72 (48.98  %) received EBL, 27 (18.37  %) received @entity5848 , and 48 (32.65  %) received LAP. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the @entity1 such as gender, age, @entity5 site and size were well balanced between the study groups. There was also no significant difference in follow-up time between the study groups. The mean operating time was significantly shorter in the @entity1 receiving EBL than @entity1 receiving @entity5848 and LAP (p  <  0.001). The estimated @entity190 was significantly different between the three groups (p  <  0.001). Complications occurred in 1.39  % of the @entity1 receiving EBL, 18.52  % of the @entity1 receiving @entity5848 and 4.17  % of the @entity1 receiving LAP (p  =  0.004), and recurrence rate in 15.00, 9.10 and 11.76  %, respectively (p  =  0.705). There was also significant difference about mean hospital stay and hospital cost between three groups (p  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results show a significant advantage in the short-term outcome for EBL compared to @entity5848 and LAP. However, long-term randomized controlled trials are needed to compare the three methods for the treatment of small @entity674 .

title: Endoscopic band ligation versus @entity5848 and laparoscopic resection for small gastric XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stromal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined illness-related change in intelligence quotient (IQ) in a cohort of youth with type 1 @entity6 studied prospectively from disease onset in childhood to follow-up 12 years later in late adolescence/early adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 included type 1 @entity6 @entity1 (n = 95; mean age at follow-up 21.3 years) and healthy control @entity1 (HCs; n = 67; mean age at follow-up 21.0 years) from a cohort followed prospectively. Measures included Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for @entity1 -Revised, and Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and prospective collection of data on metabolic control history. RESULTS: Young @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 showed greater decline in verbal IQ (VIQ) and full-scale IQ (FSIQ), but not performance IQ (PIQ), than HCs. Within the @entity6 group, a younger age at @entity6 onset was associated with a decline in PIQ and FSIQ (P  <= 0.001). A history of @entity410 was associated with a decline in VIQ (P = 0.002). Long-term metabolic control was not associated with changes in IQ. Interaction terms were not significant, suggesting no moderating effect of one @entity6 -related variable over another. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity6 may negatively influence some aspects of IQ over time. Specific illness risk factors, such as an earlier age of disease onset and a history of @entity410 , appear to put the young @entity1 at greater risk. Academic progress of @entity1 identified as at risk should be monitored and educational supports provided if necessary.

title: Risk factors for decline in IQ in youth with type 1 XXXX over the 12 years from diagnosis/illness onset.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'Children', 'Participants', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic seizures']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 and @entity148 are common @entity146 worldwide. The MANAS trial aimed to test the effectiveness of an intervention led by lay health counsellors in primary care settings to improve outcomes of @entity1 with these disorders. METHODS: In this cluster randomised trial, primary care facilities in @entity24673 , India, were assigned (1:1) by computer-generated randomised sequence to intervention or control (enhanced usual care) groups. All adults who screened positive for common @entity146 were eligible. The collaborative stepped-care intervention offered case management and psychosocial interventions, provided by a trained lay health counsellor, supplemented by antidepressant drugs by the primary care physician and supervision by a mental health specialist. The research assessor was masked. The primary outcome was recovery from common @entity146 as defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10th revision ( @entity1479 -10) at 6 months. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00446407. FINDINGS: 24 study clusters, with an equal proportion of public and private facilities, were randomised equally between groups. 1160 of 1360 (85%) @entity1 in the intervention group and 1269 of 1436 (88%) in the control group completed the outcome assessment. @entity1 with @entity1479 -10-confirmed common @entity146 in the intervention group were more likely to have recovered at 6 months than were those in the control group (n=620 [65  0%] vs 553 [52  9%]; risk ratio 1  22, 95% CI 1  00-1  47; risk difference=12  1%, 95% CI 1  6%-22  5%). The intervention had strong evidence of an effect in public facility attenders (369 [65  9%] vs 267 [42  5%], risk ratio 1  55, 95% CI 1  02-2  35) but no evidence for an effect in private facility attenders (251 [64  1%] vs 286 [65  9%], risk ratio 0  95, 0  74-1  22). There were three @entity204 and four suicide attempts in the collaborative stepped-care group and six @entity204 and six suicide attempts in the enhanced usual care group. None of the @entity204 were from suicide. INTERPRETATION: A trained lay counsellor-led collaborative care intervention can lead to an improvement in recovery from @entity24962 among @entity1 attending public primary care facilities. FUNDING: The Wellcome Trust.

title: Effectiveness of an intervention led by lay health counsellors for XXXX and @entity148 in primary care in @entity24673 , India (MANAS): a cluster randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 and @entity148 are common @entity146 worldwide. The MANAS trial aimed to test the effectiveness of an intervention led by lay health counsellors in primary care settings to improve outcomes of @entity1 with these disorders. METHODS: In this cluster randomised trial, primary care facilities in @entity24673 , India, were assigned (1:1) by computer-generated randomised sequence to intervention or control (enhanced usual care) groups. All adults who screened positive for common @entity146 were eligible. The collaborative stepped-care intervention offered case management and psychosocial interventions, provided by a trained lay health counsellor, supplemented by antidepressant drugs by the primary care physician and supervision by a mental health specialist. The research assessor was masked. The primary outcome was recovery from common @entity146 as defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10th revision ( @entity1479 -10) at 6 months. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00446407. FINDINGS: 24 study clusters, with an equal proportion of public and private facilities, were randomised equally between groups. 1160 of 1360 (85%) @entity1 in the intervention group and 1269 of 1436 (88%) in the control group completed the outcome assessment. @entity1 with @entity1479 -10-confirmed common @entity146 in the intervention group were more likely to have recovered at 6 months than were those in the control group (n=620 [65  0%] vs 553 [52  9%]; risk ratio 1  22, 95% CI 1  00-1  47; risk difference=12  1%, 95% CI 1  6%-22  5%). The intervention had strong evidence of an effect in public facility attenders (369 [65  9%] vs 267 [42  5%], risk ratio 1  55, 95% CI 1  02-2  35) but no evidence for an effect in private facility attenders (251 [64  1%] vs 286 [65  9%], risk ratio 0  95, 0  74-1  22). There were three @entity204 and four suicide attempts in the collaborative stepped-care group and six @entity204 and six suicide attempts in the enhanced usual care group. None of the @entity204 were from suicide. INTERPRETATION: A trained lay counsellor-led collaborative care intervention can lead to an improvement in recovery from @entity24962 among @entity1 attending public primary care facilities. FUNDING: The Wellcome Trust.

title: Effectiveness of an intervention led by lay health counsellors for @entity308 and @entity148 in primary care in XXXX , India (MANAS): a cluster randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity24673 :: (91107,Gene) :: ['Goa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 and @entity148 are common @entity146 worldwide. The MANAS trial aimed to test the effectiveness of an intervention led by lay health counsellors in primary care settings to improve outcomes of @entity1 with these disorders. METHODS: In this cluster randomised trial, primary care facilities in @entity24673 , India, were assigned (1:1) by computer-generated randomised sequence to intervention or control (enhanced usual care) groups. All adults who screened positive for common @entity146 were eligible. The collaborative stepped-care intervention offered case management and psychosocial interventions, provided by a trained lay health counsellor, supplemented by antidepressant drugs by the primary care physician and supervision by a mental health specialist. The research assessor was masked. The primary outcome was recovery from common @entity146 as defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10th revision ( @entity1479 -10) at 6 months. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00446407. FINDINGS: 24 study clusters, with an equal proportion of public and private facilities, were randomised equally between groups. 1160 of 1360 (85%) @entity1 in the intervention group and 1269 of 1436 (88%) in the control group completed the outcome assessment. @entity1 with @entity1479 -10-confirmed common @entity146 in the intervention group were more likely to have recovered at 6 months than were those in the control group (n=620 [65  0%] vs 553 [52  9%]; risk ratio 1  22, 95% CI 1  00-1  47; risk difference=12  1%, 95% CI 1  6%-22  5%). The intervention had strong evidence of an effect in public facility attenders (369 [65  9%] vs 267 [42  5%], risk ratio 1  55, 95% CI 1  02-2  35) but no evidence for an effect in private facility attenders (251 [64  1%] vs 286 [65  9%], risk ratio 0  95, 0  74-1  22). There were three @entity204 and four suicide attempts in the collaborative stepped-care group and six @entity204 and six suicide attempts in the enhanced usual care group. None of the @entity204 were from suicide. INTERPRETATION: A trained lay counsellor-led collaborative care intervention can lead to an improvement in recovery from @entity24962 among @entity1 attending public primary care facilities. FUNDING: The Wellcome Trust.

title: Effectiveness of an intervention led by lay health counsellors for @entity308 and XXXX in primary care in @entity24673 , India (MANAS): a cluster randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorders']


abstract: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was shown to confer @entity5 cells with abilities essential for @entity3 , including migratory phenotype, invasiveness, resistance to apoptosis, evading immune surveillance, and @entity5 stem cell traits. Therefore, inhibition of EMT can be an important therapeutic strategy to inhibit @entity5 @entity3 . Here, we show that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y ( @entity3229 -y) inhibits @entity641 ( @entity641 )-induced EMT in @entity2 cells and prevents @entity3 by antagonizing @entity3078 function. Activation of @entity3229 -y by synthetic ligands ( @entity4506 and @entity6170 ) or by a constitutively active form of @entity3229 -y prevents @entity641 -induced loss of @entity3112 expression and inhibits the induction of mesenchymal markers ( @entity3111 , @entity21043 , fibronectin) and matrix metalloproteases. Consistently, activation of @entity3229 -y also inhibited EMT-induced @entity4222 and invasion of @entity2 cells. Furthermore, effects of @entity3229 -y ligands were attenuated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of @entity3229 -y, indicating that the ligand-induced responses are @entity3229 -y dependent. Selective knockdown of @entity14570 and @entity3078 by siRNA showed that @entity641 -induced EMT is @entity3078 dependent in @entity2 cells. Activation of @entity3229 -y inhibits @entity641 -induced Smad transcriptional activity but had no effect on the phosphorylation or nuclear translocation of Smads. Consistently, @entity3229 -y activation prevented @entity641 -induced transcriptional repression of @entity3112 promoter and inhibited transcriptional activation of @entity21043 promoter. Finally, treatment of @entity19 with @entity4506 or knockdown of @entity3078 in @entity5 cells significantly inhibited @entity641 -induced experimental @entity3 in SCID-Beige @entity19 . Together, with the low @entity137 profile of @entity3229 -y ligands, our data show that these ligands may serve as potential therapeutic agents to inhibit @entity3 .

title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation inhibits @entity5 XXXX by antagonizing @entity3078 -mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor b']

entities_list: @entity4506 :: ('MESH:C057693', 'Chemical') :: ['troglitazone']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was shown to confer @entity5 cells with abilities essential for @entity3 , including migratory phenotype, invasiveness, resistance to apoptosis, evading immune surveillance, and @entity5 stem cell traits. Therefore, inhibition of EMT can be an important therapeutic strategy to inhibit @entity5 @entity3 . Here, we show that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y ( @entity3229 -y) inhibits @entity641 ( @entity641 )-induced EMT in @entity2 cells and prevents @entity3 by antagonizing @entity3078 function. Activation of @entity3229 -y by synthetic ligands ( @entity4506 and @entity6170 ) or by a constitutively active form of @entity3229 -y prevents @entity641 -induced loss of @entity3112 expression and inhibits the induction of mesenchymal markers ( @entity3111 , @entity21043 , fibronectin) and matrix metalloproteases. Consistently, activation of @entity3229 -y also inhibited EMT-induced @entity4222 and invasion of @entity2 cells. Furthermore, effects of @entity3229 -y ligands were attenuated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of @entity3229 -y, indicating that the ligand-induced responses are @entity3229 -y dependent. Selective knockdown of @entity14570 and @entity3078 by siRNA showed that @entity641 -induced EMT is @entity3078 dependent in @entity2 cells. Activation of @entity3229 -y inhibits @entity641 -induced Smad transcriptional activity but had no effect on the phosphorylation or nuclear translocation of Smads. Consistently, @entity3229 -y activation prevented @entity641 -induced transcriptional repression of @entity3112 promoter and inhibited transcriptional activation of @entity21043 promoter. Finally, treatment of @entity19 with @entity4506 or knockdown of @entity3078 in @entity5 cells significantly inhibited @entity641 -induced experimental @entity3 in SCID-Beige @entity19 . Together, with the low @entity137 profile of @entity3229 -y ligands, our data show that these ligands may serve as potential therapeutic agents to inhibit @entity3 .

title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation inhibits XXXX @entity3 by antagonizing @entity3078 -mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was shown to confer @entity5 cells with abilities essential for @entity3 , including migratory phenotype, invasiveness, resistance to apoptosis, evading immune surveillance, and @entity5 stem cell traits. Therefore, inhibition of EMT can be an important therapeutic strategy to inhibit @entity5 @entity3 . Here, we show that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y ( @entity3229 -y) inhibits @entity641 ( @entity641 )-induced EMT in @entity2 cells and prevents @entity3 by antagonizing @entity3078 function. Activation of @entity3229 -y by synthetic ligands ( @entity4506 and @entity6170 ) or by a constitutively active form of @entity3229 -y prevents @entity641 -induced loss of @entity3112 expression and inhibits the induction of mesenchymal markers ( @entity3111 , @entity21043 , fibronectin) and matrix metalloproteases. Consistently, activation of @entity3229 -y also inhibited EMT-induced @entity4222 and invasion of @entity2 cells. Furthermore, effects of @entity3229 -y ligands were attenuated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of @entity3229 -y, indicating that the ligand-induced responses are @entity3229 -y dependent. Selective knockdown of @entity14570 and @entity3078 by siRNA showed that @entity641 -induced EMT is @entity3078 dependent in @entity2 cells. Activation of @entity3229 -y inhibits @entity641 -induced Smad transcriptional activity but had no effect on the phosphorylation or nuclear translocation of Smads. Consistently, @entity3229 -y activation prevented @entity641 -induced transcriptional repression of @entity3112 promoter and inhibited transcriptional activation of @entity21043 promoter. Finally, treatment of @entity19 with @entity4506 or knockdown of @entity3078 in @entity5 cells significantly inhibited @entity641 -induced experimental @entity3 in SCID-Beige @entity19 . Together, with the low @entity137 profile of @entity3229 -y ligands, our data show that these ligands may serve as potential therapeutic agents to inhibit @entity3 .

title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation inhibits @entity5 @entity3 by antagonizing XXXX -mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

answer: @entity3078 :: (17127(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Smad3']


abstract: There is currently considerable interest in the role of nonlinear phenomena in the population dynamics of @entity166 . @entity66 such as measles are particularly well documented dynamically, and have recently been the subject of analyses (of both models and notification data) to establish whether the pattern of epidemics is chaotic. Though the spatial dynamics of measles have also been extensively studied, spatial and nonlinear dynamics have only recently been brought together. The present review concentrates mainly on describing this synthesis. We begin with a general review of the nonlinear dynamics of measles models, in a spatially homogeneous environment. Simple compartmental models (specifically the SEIR model) can behave chaotically, under the influence of strong seasonal 'forcing' of @entity281 rate associated with patterns of schooling. However, adding observed heterogeneities such as age structure can simplify the deterministic dynamics back to limit cycles. By contrast all current strongly seasonally forced stochastic models show large amplitude irregular fluctuations, with many more 'fadeouts' of @entity281 that is observed in real communities of similar size. This indicates that (social and/or geographical) spatial heterogeneity is needed in the models. We review the exploration of this problem with nonlinear spatiotemporal models. The few studies to date indicate that spatial heterogeneity can help to increase the realism of models. However, a review of nonlinear analyses of spatially subdivided measles data show that more refinements of the models (particularly in representing the impact of @entity1 demographic changes on @entity281 dynamics) are required. We conclude with a discussion of the implication of these results for the dynamics of @entity166 in general and, in particular, the possibilities of cross fertilization between @entity1 disease epidemiology and the study of plant and @entity4409 .

title: Spatial heterogeneity, nonlinear dynamics and chaos in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood diseases']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: Aims and Background: @entity151 ( @entity151 ) is a chemotherapy-responsive @entity5 and associated with alterations in the coagulation system. Addition of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to combination chemotherapy (CT) had resulted in increase in survival. The present retrospective trial was designed to determine whether the duration of dalteparin usage has an effect on progression and survival. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 67 @entity1 with @entity151 who were given cisplatin-etoposide and concomitant LMWH (dalteparin) was evaluated retrospectively. Results: Median follow-up of @entity1 was 11.3 months. Outcome: 10.6% complete response, 3.0% good partial response, 36.4% partial response, 10.6% stable disease, and 39.4% progressive disease. Side-effects were seen in 40.3% of the @entity1 . Median dalteparin duration was 6,1 months. According the duration of dalteparin @entity1 were grouped in three: who took dalteparin less than 4 months (Group A), 4-6 months (Group B) and more than 6 months (Group C). Mean @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in Group A was 6.5 months, in Group B 11.8 months, and Group C 14.6 months. Mean @entity1349 in Group B and C were statistically significantly (P < 0.001) longer than Group A, between Group B and C there was not any significant difference (P = 0.037). Mean progression free survival (PFS) was 9 months. Conclusions: The CT plus LMWH minimum 4 months long is well-tolerable, and may improve PFS and @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity151 . For treatment of @entity1 with @entity151 CT plus LMWH may be considered as effective future-therapy, and further multi-centre randomised prospective clinical trials must be done to determine the new standard treatment approach for @entity151 .

title: The effect of small-molecular-weight heparin added to chemotherapy on survival in XXXX - A retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'Small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. OBJECTIVE: To identify changes in @entity308 and @entity148 after cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) among @entity1 with @entity4720 , and to investigate their effects on the prognosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous researches have reported relationships between @entity1316 and lumbar surgery. There have been no previous studies on the effects of @entity308 and @entity148 on the CTDR outcome at the 2-year postoperative phase. METHODS: Eighty-five @entity1 with @entity4720 who underwent CTDR were included. @entity1 were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 postoperative time points, including 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. @entity308 and @entity148 were evaluated by using the Zung Self-Rating @entity308 Scale and the Zung Self-Rating @entity148 Scale. Neurological function was evaluated by using the visual analogue scale and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. The quality of life was assessed by a 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. A Spearman rank correlation analysis was used. RESULTS: All @entity1 had improvements in clinical symptoms and neurological function. Twelve (14.12%) @entity1 had symptoms of @entity308 and 21 (24.71%) @entity1 had symptoms of @entity148 . There was a significant difference between the preoperative and the postoperative Zung Self-Rating @entity148 Scale scores, whereas the Zung Self-Rating @entity308 Scale scores were not significantly different over time. For all @entity1 , the visual analogue scale scores and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey scores were associated with the postoperative level of @entity308 and @entity148 but not age or the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. CONCLUSION: Some @entity1 with @entity4720 have preoperative @entity308 and/or @entity148 . CTDR may provide some improvements in these @entity1109 . The presence of @entity308 and/or @entity148 may have a negative influence on the @entity1 's prognosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: The Impact of the @entity308 and XXXX on Prognosis of Cervical Total Disc Replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. OBJECTIVE: To identify changes in @entity308 and @entity148 after cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) among @entity1 with @entity4720 , and to investigate their effects on the prognosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous researches have reported relationships between @entity1316 and lumbar surgery. There have been no previous studies on the effects of @entity308 and @entity148 on the CTDR outcome at the 2-year postoperative phase. METHODS: Eighty-five @entity1 with @entity4720 who underwent CTDR were included. @entity1 were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 postoperative time points, including 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. @entity308 and @entity148 were evaluated by using the Zung Self-Rating @entity308 Scale and the Zung Self-Rating @entity148 Scale. Neurological function was evaluated by using the visual analogue scale and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. The quality of life was assessed by a 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. A Spearman rank correlation analysis was used. RESULTS: All @entity1 had improvements in clinical symptoms and neurological function. Twelve (14.12%) @entity1 had symptoms of @entity308 and 21 (24.71%) @entity1 had symptoms of @entity148 . There was a significant difference between the preoperative and the postoperative Zung Self-Rating @entity148 Scale scores, whereas the Zung Self-Rating @entity308 Scale scores were not significantly different over time. For all @entity1 , the visual analogue scale scores and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey scores were associated with the postoperative level of @entity308 and @entity148 but not age or the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. CONCLUSION: Some @entity1 with @entity4720 have preoperative @entity308 and/or @entity148 . CTDR may provide some improvements in these @entity1109 . The presence of @entity308 and/or @entity148 may have a negative influence on the @entity1 's prognosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: The Impact of the XXXX and @entity148 on Prognosis of Cervical Total Disc Replacement.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Today's criterion standards for measuring functional recovery after nerve @entity130 in experimental studies are the muscle mass ratio and the isometric tetanic force; both tests are invasive and require a sacrificial procedure. The authors propose ultrasound as a noninvasive method to determine @entity2057 , and evaluate its validity and reliability by comparing it to muscle mass ratio, isometric tetanic force, and histology. METHODS: Fifty @entity35 sustained a 10-mm autograft sciatic nerve reconstruction. With a 2-week interval, five animals were tested with a total follow-up of 20 weeks. The functional recovery of the hind-limb muscles was measured with ultrasound, muscle mass ratio, and isometric tetanic force. In addition, neuromuscular junctions were analyzed histologically. The different evaluation techniques were compared and the reliability of the ultrasound was determined. RESULTS: Four weeks after denervation, extensive @entity2057 resulted in a decrease of muscle mass up to 30 percent. Ultrasound showed good correlations with muscle mass ratio for both tibial (r = 0.85) and gastrocnemius muscles (r = 0.89). Both intrarater reliability (r = 0.97) and interrater reliability (r = 0.88) of the ultrasound were high. The correlation with force was lower (0.62) but still statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound measurement of @entity2057 was highly correlated with the criterion standard muscle mass ratio and was also significantly correlated with isometric tetanic force. Histologic evaluation confirmed the regeneration pattern observed with ultrasound. The authors propose that ultrasound can be used as a valid alternative to muscle mass ratio to study @entity2057 after @entity128 in a less-invasive and more animal-friendly manner.

title: Noninvasive Ultrasound of the Tibial Muscle for Longitudinal Analysis of Nerve Regeneration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the relationship of protein intake (as measured by protein @entity1568 appearance) and dialysis delivery in insulin-dependent @entity6 ( @entity1723 ) and nondiabetic @entity1 . DESIGN: One to two 24-hour dialysate and urine collections were obtained in 20 @entity6 @entity1 and 42 nondiabetic @entity1 . The protein equivalent of @entity1568 appearance (PNA) was calculated by the Randerson formula. KT/V was determined using V obtained by the Watson formula. PNA was normalized using three different methods to determine body weight: first, by normal or ideal body weight according to the Metropolitan Table (nPNA); second, by standard body weight according to the NHANES Table (sPNA); and third, by V/0.58 (vPNA). RESULTS: The mean PNA was not different in @entity6 and nondiabetics (53 +/- 21 g/day vs 60 +/- 14 g/day), nor was weekly KT/V (2.1 +/- 0.6 vs 2.1 +/- 0.6). Mean normalized PNA was not different in @entity1723 versus non- @entity3918 regardless of the method. KT/V correlated with nPNA in @entity1723 (r = 0.54, p = 0.002 and non- @entity3918 , r = 0.31, p = 0.03), and with vPNA in @entity1723 (r = 0.73, p < 0.00001, and non- @entity3918 , r = 0.45, p = 0.0009). KT/V also correlated with sPNA in @entity1723 (r = 0.57, p = 0.001), but not in non- @entity3918 (r = 0.25, p = 0.08). The slope for normalized PNA versus KT/V was steeper for @entity1723 than for non- @entity3918 . CONCLUSION: KT/V and PNA are more closely correlated in @entity1723 @entity1 than in non- @entity3918 @entity1 . Thus it is extremely important that @entity1723 @entity1 receive an adequate level of dialysis.

title: Urea kinetics and XXXX appearance rates in @entity6 @entity1 on peritoneal dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the relationship of protein intake (as measured by protein @entity1568 appearance) and dialysis delivery in insulin-dependent @entity6 ( @entity1723 ) and nondiabetic @entity1 . DESIGN: One to two 24-hour dialysate and urine collections were obtained in 20 @entity6 @entity1 and 42 nondiabetic @entity1 . The protein equivalent of @entity1568 appearance (PNA) was calculated by the Randerson formula. KT/V was determined using V obtained by the Watson formula. PNA was normalized using three different methods to determine body weight: first, by normal or ideal body weight according to the Metropolitan Table (nPNA); second, by standard body weight according to the NHANES Table (sPNA); and third, by V/0.58 (vPNA). RESULTS: The mean PNA was not different in @entity6 and nondiabetics (53 +/- 21 g/day vs 60 +/- 14 g/day), nor was weekly KT/V (2.1 +/- 0.6 vs 2.1 +/- 0.6). Mean normalized PNA was not different in @entity1723 versus non- @entity3918 regardless of the method. KT/V correlated with nPNA in @entity1723 (r = 0.54, p = 0.002 and non- @entity3918 , r = 0.31, p = 0.03), and with vPNA in @entity1723 (r = 0.73, p < 0.00001, and non- @entity3918 , r = 0.45, p = 0.0009). KT/V also correlated with sPNA in @entity1723 (r = 0.57, p = 0.001), but not in non- @entity3918 (r = 0.25, p = 0.08). The slope for normalized PNA versus KT/V was steeper for @entity1723 than for non- @entity3918 . CONCLUSION: KT/V and PNA are more closely correlated in @entity1723 @entity1 than in non- @entity3918 @entity1 . Thus it is extremely important that @entity1723 @entity1 receive an adequate level of dialysis.

title: Urea kinetics and @entity1568 appearance rates in XXXX @entity1 on peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the relationship of protein intake (as measured by protein @entity1568 appearance) and dialysis delivery in insulin-dependent @entity6 ( @entity1723 ) and nondiabetic @entity1 . DESIGN: One to two 24-hour dialysate and urine collections were obtained in 20 @entity6 @entity1 and 42 nondiabetic @entity1 . The protein equivalent of @entity1568 appearance (PNA) was calculated by the Randerson formula. KT/V was determined using V obtained by the Watson formula. PNA was normalized using three different methods to determine body weight: first, by normal or ideal body weight according to the Metropolitan Table (nPNA); second, by standard body weight according to the NHANES Table (sPNA); and third, by V/0.58 (vPNA). RESULTS: The mean PNA was not different in @entity6 and nondiabetics (53 +/- 21 g/day vs 60 +/- 14 g/day), nor was weekly KT/V (2.1 +/- 0.6 vs 2.1 +/- 0.6). Mean normalized PNA was not different in @entity1723 versus non- @entity3918 regardless of the method. KT/V correlated with nPNA in @entity1723 (r = 0.54, p = 0.002 and non- @entity3918 , r = 0.31, p = 0.03), and with vPNA in @entity1723 (r = 0.73, p < 0.00001, and non- @entity3918 , r = 0.45, p = 0.0009). KT/V also correlated with sPNA in @entity1723 (r = 0.57, p = 0.001), but not in non- @entity3918 (r = 0.25, p = 0.08). The slope for normalized PNA versus KT/V was steeper for @entity1723 than for non- @entity3918 . CONCLUSION: KT/V and PNA are more closely correlated in @entity1723 @entity1 than in non- @entity3918 @entity1 . Thus it is extremely important that @entity1723 @entity1 receive an adequate level of dialysis.

title: Urea kinetics and @entity1568 appearance rates in @entity6 XXXX on peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We evaluated hospital readmission as an indicator of the quality of management of @entity565 @entity1 , between July 1989 and June 1990. Using hospital separation data, we constructed a matched data set to identify early (within two weeks of discharge) readmissions. Of over 14,000 admissions for @entity565 in the 1-to-44-year age group, 2.8 per cent were classified as early readmissions. Admissions and readmissions were more common in rural than metropolitan areas. Admissions were most common during autumn, but early readmissions occurred most often during spring. @entity1 staying more than one day were 0.5 times (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 0.37 to 0.68) as likely to have an early readmission than @entity1 staying less than one day. Using the same data set, we identified @entity1 who had the potential for readmission within a six-month period. Of the 5052 @entity1 , 17.8 per cent were readmitted at least once during the period; 3.7 per cent had at least one early readmission, and 15.8 per cent had at least one late readmission (more than two weeks following discharge). A length of stay of more than one day was associated with 0.41 times (CI 0.24 to 0.70) the risk of early readmission in this cohort. A length of stay of more than one day was associated with a higher risk of late readmission (1.52, CI 1.09 to 2.12), which was less likely to occur in rural than metropolitan areas (0.45, CI 0.37 to 0.55).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Readmissions to hospital: the contribution of morbidity data to the evaluation of XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2783 is a disease characterized by the formation of extracellular @entity527 . Immunoglobulin light-chain @entity2783 can appear as a @entity74 presenting with mild symptoms or as a life threatening @entity262 . The systemic form of immunoglobulin light-chain @entity2783 is the most common type of @entity2783 in western countries although it is a rare disease. Identification of the proteins forming amyloid fibrils is essential for the diagnosis of the disease and knowledge about the overall protein composition of the deposits may lead to a larger understanding of the deposition events thereby facilitating a more detailed picture of the molecular pathology. In this pilot study, we investigated the protein composition of @entity527 isolated from @entity1 specimens of the eyelid, conjunctiva, and orbit. Deposits and internal control tissue ( @entity1 tissue without apparent deposits) were procured by laser capture microdissection. Proteins in the captured amyloid and control samples were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using the label-free exponential modified Protein Abundance Index (emPAI) method. Immunoglobulin light chain kappa or lambda was found to be the most predominant protein in the @entity527 from the eyelid, conjunctiva, and orbit. Five proteins, @entity1675 , @entity557 ( @entity557 ), complement component C9, @entity20915 and plasminogen were found solely across all amyloid but not in the control tissue. In addition, the protein profiles identified @entity2204 and serum amyloid P component to be associated with the immunoglobulin light chain deposits across all three tissues analyzed. The method used in this study provided high sensitivity and specificity for the type of amyloid and may provide additional information on the pathology of the @entity527 in the ocular tissues studied.

title: Insight into the Protein Composition of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Deposits of Eyelid, Orbital and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity557 :: ('1361', 'Gene') :: ['carboxypeptidase B2', 'TAFI']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['local disorder']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['Conjunctival Amyloidosis']


abstract: The plasma @entity2922 levels have been accepted as an index of sympathetic nervous activity in @entity16 . It is known that the plasma @entity1063 (NE) level is thought to reflect the degree of sympathetic nervous activity. NE is the neurotransmitter released from sympathetic nerve endings. In recent years several studies have suggested the role of biogenic @entity4478 in brain and @entity1566 . @entity542 is almost always associated with systemic changes. @entity1 with @entity542 often exhibit @entity65 , @entity101 , @entity591 , electrocardiographic abnormalities and @entity3126 which are regarded as signs of increased sympathetic nervous system activity. The present study was undertaken to examine whether the measurement of plasma NE levels is valuable to assess and evaluate clinical status of @entity1 with acute @entity542 . Sixty @entity1 with acute @entity542 admitted to our Department were studied. Fourty seven @entity1 were male and thirteen @entity1 were female, ages ranged from 2 to 70 years. All @entity1 were diagnosed by CT scan within three hours after @entity542 . Serial blood samples were also obtained during the first 7 days after @entity542 . The plasma NE was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The Glasgow @entity772 Score (GCS) and the Japan @entity772 Scale (JCS) were recorded at admission for all @entity1 . Clinical outcome was assessed at the time of discharge according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The "good" group consisted of @entity1 with good recovery or moderate disability. The "poor" group consisted of @entity1 with @entity717 and persistent vegetative state and the "dead" group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Metabolic changes of plasma XXXX levels in acute @entity542 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head injury', 'head injuries', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord trauma']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['severe disability']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular abnormalities']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: The plasma @entity2922 levels have been accepted as an index of sympathetic nervous activity in @entity16 . It is known that the plasma @entity1063 (NE) level is thought to reflect the degree of sympathetic nervous activity. NE is the neurotransmitter released from sympathetic nerve endings. In recent years several studies have suggested the role of biogenic @entity4478 in brain and @entity1566 . @entity542 is almost always associated with systemic changes. @entity1 with @entity542 often exhibit @entity65 , @entity101 , @entity591 , electrocardiographic abnormalities and @entity3126 which are regarded as signs of increased sympathetic nervous system activity. The present study was undertaken to examine whether the measurement of plasma NE levels is valuable to assess and evaluate clinical status of @entity1 with acute @entity542 . Sixty @entity1 with acute @entity542 admitted to our Department were studied. Fourty seven @entity1 were male and thirteen @entity1 were female, ages ranged from 2 to 70 years. All @entity1 were diagnosed by CT scan within three hours after @entity542 . Serial blood samples were also obtained during the first 7 days after @entity542 . The plasma NE was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The Glasgow @entity772 Score (GCS) and the Japan @entity772 Scale (JCS) were recorded at admission for all @entity1 . Clinical outcome was assessed at the time of discharge according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The "good" group consisted of @entity1 with good recovery or moderate disability. The "poor" group consisted of @entity1 with @entity717 and persistent vegetative state and the "dead" group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Metabolic changes of plasma @entity1063 levels in acute XXXX ].

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: Only bipolar lead recording are available during ambulatory monitoring. Their sensitivity in detecting ST segment changes in relation to standard electrocardiographic leads is not known. The magnitude and direction of ST segment changes in the @entity162 were compared with those in standard electrocardiographic leads in @entity1 during exercise testing and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Thirty @entity1 with @entity453 were studied during exercise tests in which @entity308 (greater than 0.5 mm) occurred in one or more standard electrocardiographic leads and 13 @entity1 were studied during angioplasty that resulted in ST segment change in one or more leads (I, II, III, V2, V5, and CM5). Lead CM5 was the most sensitive lead (93%) during exercise testing and also showed the greatest magnitude of ST segment change below the isoelectric line in 93% of the @entity1 . Only two @entity1 , one with ST segment elevation in inferior leads and one with changes restricted to septal leads, had no @entity308 in lead CM5. When ST segment shift from the baseline electrocardiogram was measured the magnitude of @entity308 was greatest in lead CM5 in only 63% of the @entity1 . During angioplasty of the left anterior descending coronary artery, lead CM5 showed @entity308 in seven @entity1 , ST segment elevation in two, and a biphasic response in one. Two of the three @entity1 with @entity661 in right coronary artery developed ST segment elevation in lead CM5. Thus lead CM5 is a reliable lead for detecting subendocardial ischaemia experienced during everyday activities in anginal @entity1 . During total occlusion of coronary arteries (as in @entity5968 or @entity583 ) lead CM5 commonly shows @entity308 and changes due to @entity1563 may not be detected.

title: Value of the XXXX in electrocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar lead CM5']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5968 :: ('MESH:D000788', 'Disease') :: ['variant angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['right coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon inflation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar lead CM5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional methods for @entity2 detection including computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy are expensive and invasive. Thus, there is still a need for an optimal @entity2 detection technique. METHODS: The exhaled breath of 50 @entity1 with @entity2 histologically proven by bronchoscopic biopsy samples (32 @entity420 , 10 @entity957 , 8 @entity4153 ), were analyzed using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and compared with 39 healthy volunteers. As a secondary assessment, we compared @entity420 @entity1 with and without @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation. RESULTS: A decision tree algorithm could separate @entity1 with @entity2 including @entity420 , @entity957 and @entity4153 . One hundred-fifteen separated volatile organic compound (VOC) peaks were analyzed. Peak-2 noted as n- @entity18105 using the IMS database was able to separate values with a sensitivity of 70.0% and a specificity of 89.7%. Incorporating a decision tree algorithm starting with @entity18105 , a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 100% was achieved. Comparing VOC peaks between @entity420 and healthy subjects, n- @entity18105 was able to separate values with a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 89.7%. Fourteen @entity1 positive for @entity470 mutation displayed a significantly higher n- @entity18105 than for the 14 @entity1 negative for @entity470 (p<0.01), with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 78.6%. CONCLUSION: In this prospective study, VOC peak patterns using a decision tree algorithm were useful in the detection of @entity2 . Moreover, n- @entity18105 analysis from @entity420 @entity1 might be useful to discriminate the @entity470 mutation.

title: Exhaled breath analysis for XXXX detection using ion mobility spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'small cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity18105 :: ('MESH:C007548', 'Chemical') :: ['Dodecane', 'n-Dodecane']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Circulating host lymphocytes recognize, bind to, become activated by, and infiltrate engrafted allogeneic tissues. The mechanisms responsible for these early events which lead to acute immunological rejection have not been precisely defined. We have examined sequentially in vitro lymphocyte binding patterns in a kidney transplant model of acute rejection in @entity35 and their relationship to the expression of two representative adhesion molecules, @entity1590 and @entity19466 . The extent of binding of naive, or allosensitized recipient strain LNL or PBL, or donor strain or third party cells to frozen sections of kidney allografts was not significantly different; adherence was dependent upon whether the graft was an allograft or an isograft. The pattern of lymphocyte adherence to various allograft compartments was distinct and varied with time. Within 3 days after transplantation only a few cells had bound to the frozen tissues, preferentially to vascular endothelium. By days 5 and 7, increasing numbers of cells bound primarily to tubules, as did the few cells adhering to isografts. Immunohistologically, @entity1590 expression increased progressively during acute rejection, first on vascular endothelium, later on tubules. @entity19466 + infiltrating cells peaked more quickly. Lymphocyte binding could be inhibited (approx. 40%) by monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity19466 and @entity1590 . The results indicate that in vitro lymphocyte binding to acutely rejecting kidney transplants is directed by the allogenicity of the graft itself via upregulation of adhesion molecules rather than sensitization of the host cells.

title: Binding of lymphocytes to acutely rejecting XXXX kidney allografts in vitro is guided by events in the graft itself rather than by sensitization of host lymphocytes.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Regular multidisciplinary team meetings are the main way that teams operate, yet our earlier research found they can sometimes be suboptimal. We developed a model to structure multidisciplinary team meetings and assessed the feasibility, acceptability and impact of its implementation on meeting quality and @entity1 outcomes. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort design with non- @entity1 observation of multidisciplinary team meetings before and after implementation of the intervention. SETTING: @entity64 rehabilitation units. SUBJECTS: Members of the multidisciplinary @entity64 rehabilitation teams. INTERVENTION: A model to structure multidisciplinary team meetings. MAIN MEASURES: Quality of multidisciplinary team meetings (using a predefined checklist); change in independence (Barthel Index) during admission; length of stay; meeting duration and the number of @entity1 discussed. RESULTS: At baseline, meeting quality was generally low. Following implementation, all aspects of meeting quality improved by 5%-58%. This was achieved without loss of staff productivity or additional resources: The mean number of @entity1 treated during the observation periods was 36 (SD 17.6), which was unchanged after implementation. Nor were there any significant changes in the length of meetings (mean   =   76   minutes), time spent discussing each @entity1 (5.4 vs. 7   minutes) or length of stay (26.7 vs. 30.3   days), but there was a greater increase in Barthel Index score after implementation (3.8 vs. 4.7) indicating greater functional recovery. CONCLUSIONS: A feasible and acceptable model to structure @entity64 team meetings has been developed and implemented. This increased meeting quality without increase in resources and may increase @entity1 recovery.

title: The effect of a structured model for XXXX rehabilitation multi-disciplinary team meetings on functional recovery and productivity: a Phase I/II proof of concept study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['multidisciplinary stroke', 'inpatient stroke', 'Inpatient stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']