abstract: Stress and high-calorie diets increase the risk of developing @entity209 . @entity11950 (GA) has been shown to improve dyslipidaemia in @entity35 fed on a high-calorie diet. This study aimed to examine the effects of GA on lipid metabolism in @entity35 exposed to short- or long-term stress and on a high-calorie diet. The parameters examined included serum lipid profiles, serum free @entity1718 and @entity844 profiles in tissues, and expression of @entity3725 ( @entity3725 ), @entity13688 ( @entity13688 ), elongases and desaturases. Within the 14- or 28-day exposure groups, neither stress nor GA affected the lipid profile and serum free @entity1718 . Stress did not affect @entity3725 expression in both the 14- and 28-day exposure groups. However, GA-treated @entity35 from the former group had increased @entity3725 expression only in the kidney while all other tissues from the latter group were unaffected. Stress increased @entity3725 -y expression in the heart of the 28-day exposure group but its expression was unaffected in all tissues of the 14-day exposure group. GA elevated @entity3725 -y expression in the kidney and the skeletal muscles. Neither stress nor GA affected @entity13688 expressions in all tissues from the 14-day exposure group but its expressions were elevated in the QF of the stressed @entity35 and heart of the GA-treated @entity35 of the 28-day exposure group. As for the elongases and desaturases in the liver, stress down-regulated @entity70694 in the long-term exposure group while up-regulated @entity48346 in the short-term exposure group while hepatic desaturases were unaffected by stress. Neither elongase nor desaturase expressions in the liver were affected by GA. This research is the first report of GA on lipid metabolism under stress and high-calorie diet conditions and the results gives evidence for the role of GA in ameliorating MetS via site-specific regulation of lipid metabolism gene expressions and modification of @entity1718 .

title: Modulation of lipid metabolism in XXXX -treated @entity35 fed on a high-calorie diet and exposed to short or long-term stress.

entities_list: @entity3725 :: ('25747(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PPAR-a', 'peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors', 'PPAR']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity11950 :: ('MESH:D019695', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycyrrhizic acid']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity11950 :: (MESH:D019695,Chemical) :: ['glycyrrhizic acid']


abstract: Stress and high-calorie diets increase the risk of developing @entity209 . @entity11950 (GA) has been shown to improve dyslipidaemia in @entity35 fed on a high-calorie diet. This study aimed to examine the effects of GA on lipid metabolism in @entity35 exposed to short- or long-term stress and on a high-calorie diet. The parameters examined included serum lipid profiles, serum free @entity1718 and @entity844 profiles in tissues, and expression of @entity3725 ( @entity3725 ), @entity13688 ( @entity13688 ), elongases and desaturases. Within the 14- or 28-day exposure groups, neither stress nor GA affected the lipid profile and serum free @entity1718 . Stress did not affect @entity3725 expression in both the 14- and 28-day exposure groups. However, GA-treated @entity35 from the former group had increased @entity3725 expression only in the kidney while all other tissues from the latter group were unaffected. Stress increased @entity3725 -y expression in the heart of the 28-day exposure group but its expression was unaffected in all tissues of the 14-day exposure group. GA elevated @entity3725 -y expression in the kidney and the skeletal muscles. Neither stress nor GA affected @entity13688 expressions in all tissues from the 14-day exposure group but its expressions were elevated in the QF of the stressed @entity35 and heart of the GA-treated @entity35 of the 28-day exposure group. As for the elongases and desaturases in the liver, stress down-regulated @entity70694 in the long-term exposure group while up-regulated @entity48346 in the short-term exposure group while hepatic desaturases were unaffected by stress. Neither elongase nor desaturase expressions in the liver were affected by GA. This research is the first report of GA on lipid metabolism under stress and high-calorie diet conditions and the results gives evidence for the role of GA in ameliorating MetS via site-specific regulation of lipid metabolism gene expressions and modification of @entity1718 .

title: Modulation of lipid metabolism in @entity11950 -treated XXXX fed on a high-calorie diet and exposed to short or long-term stress.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ) is a clinical syndrome characterized by subtle abnormal morphology of the proximal femur and/or the acetabulum that leads to abnormal contact between the femoral neck and the acetabular rim during the hip range of motion. Traditionally, @entity1743 has been managed safely and effectively with surgical @entity572 ; less invasive arthroscopic techniques are now being used to an increasing extent, trying to emulate the results of the open technique. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic results of arthroscopic acetabular rim trimming and femoral osteochondroplasty in @entity1743 . This was a retrospective analysis of preoperative and postoperative plain radiographs of 80 @entity1 treated for @entity1743 with arthroscopic surgery between April 2007 and December 2008. We evaluated 2 parameters: the Wiberg angle (center-edge angle) (normal, 25  -35  ), and the anterior/posterior relation of femoral head-neck offset (normal, 0.8-1). Of 80 hips, 10 (12.5%) were @entity5818 , 17 (21.25%) were cam type, and 53 (66.25%) were mixed type. The preoperative Wiberg average was 39   (range, 25  -51  ), and the postoperative Wiberg average was 32   (range, 25  -42  ). The preoperative anterior/posterior femoral offset relation average was 0.42 (range, -0.38 to 1), and the postoperative anterior/posterior femoral offset relation average was 0.94 (range, 0.61-1.2). Our results show that it is possible to obtain an anatomical correction of the @entity854 with arthroscopic surgery in @entity1743 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: level III.

title: Efficacy of XXXX Correction with Arthroscopic Surgery in Femoroacetabular Impingement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['Femoroacetabular impingement', 'FAI']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['osseous abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['pincer-type impingement']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Osseous Abnormalities']


abstract: We investigated the @entity137 of the fixed oil of Nigella sativa L seeds in @entity19 and @entity35 through determination of LD50 values and examination of possible biochemical, hematological and histopathological changes. The acute @entity137 of Nigella sativa fixed oil was investigated in @entity19 . LD50 values, obtained by single doses, orally and intraperitoneally administered in @entity19 , were 28.8 ml/kg body wt. p.o. [26.2-31.6] and 2.06 ml/kg body wt. i.p. [1.86-2.26], respectively. @entity137 was studied in @entity35 treated daily with an oral dose of 2 ml/kg body wt. for 12 weeks. Changes in key hepatic enzymes levels, including @entity492 -aminotransferase, @entity493 -aminotranferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase and histopathological modifications (heart, @entity8 ) were not observed in @entity35 treated with Nigella sativa after 12 weeks of treatment. The serum @entity165 , @entity412 and @entity413 levels and the count of leukocytes and platelets decreased significantly, compared to control values, while hematocrit and hemoglobin levels increased significantly. A slowing of body @entity1017 was also observed in Nigella sativa treated @entity35 , as compared to control animals. The low @entity137 of Nigella sativa fixed oil, evidenced by high LD50 values, key hepatic enzyme stability and organ integrity, suggests a wide margin of safety for therapeutic doses of Nigella sativa fixed oil, but the changes in hemoglobin metabolism and the fall in leukocyte and platelet count must be taken into consideration.

title: Acute and chronic XXXX of Nigella sativa fixed oil.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['liver, kidneys and pancreas']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Chronic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) @entity281 is a complication of increasing incidence. We present a protocol of an observational case control clinical trial "Positron Emission Tomography Combined With Computed Tomography (PET CT) in Suspected Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection, a Pilot Study - PET Guidance I" (NCT02196753). AIM: The aim of this observational clinical trial is to assess and standardize diagnostic algorithmsforCardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) @entity281 (lead dependent @entity884 , generator pocket @entity281 , fever of unknown origin) with PET CT in Poland. METHODS AND RESULTS: Study group will consist of 20 pts with initial diagnosis of @entity299 paired with control group of 20 pts with implanted CIEDs who underwent PET CT due to other non infectious indications and have no data for infectious process in follow-up. All @entity1 included in the study will undergo standard diagnostic process. Conventional/standard diagnostic and therapeutic process will consist of: medical interview, physical examination, laboratory tests, blood cultures; imaging studies: echocardiography: transthoracic (TTE), and if there are no contraindications transesophageal, computed tomography scan for @entity1151 if indicated; if there are abnormalities in other systems, decisions concerning further diagnostics will be made on physician discretion. Apart from standard diagnostic procedures @entity1 will undergo whole body PET CT scan to @entity281 or @entity32 . Diagnosis and therapeutic decision will be obtained from the Study Committee. Follow-up will be held within 6 months with control visits at 3 and 6 month. During each follow-up visit, all @entity1 will undergo laboratory tests, 2 blood cultures collected 1 hr apart, and echocardiography (TTE). In case of actual clinical suspicion of @entity884 or local generator pocket @entity281 all @entity1 will be referred for further diagnostics. Endpoints for the results assessment: Primary endpoints are to standardise PET CT in diagnostic process: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), negative predictive value (NPV) of the diagnosis made by PET CT. Secondary endpoints are: assessment of usefulness of PET CT for detection of remote infective complications (metastatic abscesses, @entity1151 ), incidence of particular localizations of @entity281 , influence of PET CT on therapeutic decision: confirmation or change of decision based on PET CT, safety and complications of diagnostic process of CIED related @entity281 with PET CT. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of positron emission computed tomography use for device-related @entity281 in a case control study may be conclusive and improve diagnostic pathway.

title: New diagnostic pathways urgently needed. Protocol of PET Guidance I pilot study: Positron Emission Tomography in suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['infected pulmonary emboli', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'localize infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CIED-related infection']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac implantable electronic device - related infection']


abstract: Epigenetics refers to the durable changes affecting the genome of an individual during development and aging, but which are not necessarily passed on to subsequent generations. Among the best studied of these epigenetic changes is the @entity3207 of chromosome ends or telomeres. Telomeres are specialized structures, consisting of characteristic DNA repeat sequences and the complex of associated proteins, which cap and protect chromosome ends and serve to preserve genome integrity. In most somatic cells, progressive rounds of cell division are associated with telomere @entity3207 . Such progressive @entity6661 eventuates in loss of replicative capacity (cellular senescence). In order to protect the germline and the subpopulation of stem cells from senescence, mechanisms have evolved to prevent telomere @entity6661 in these cellular compartments. The most common and best studied mechanism involves the activation of a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, known as telomerase. Activity of telomerase circumvents loss of replicative capacity, by preserving telomere length and chromosome integrity. Hence the detailed mechanisms governing the expression and activity of telomerase have been intensively studied in development and differentiation. Early embryonic development and cellular differentiation are associated with a progressive diminution in telomerase activity. This decrease in activity is principally mediated at the level of the promoter for the gene encoding the catalytic unit of the telomerase complex. Unraveling the detailed mechanisms involved in the regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity will have important and far-reaching implications in understanding many aspects of @entity1 health and disease, ranging from accelerated aging syndromes to @entity5 pathogenesis, among others. Furthermore, insights gleaned from continuing research in this area will likely be applicable to the development of strategies to circumvent cellular senescence in regenerative medicine and stem cell therapeutics in the years to come.

title: Telomeres and telomerase in XXXX health and disease.

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition', 'attrition of telomere length']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Thyroid hormone is a major regulator of Sertoli cell development, and the present study sought to determine the role of T3 in M  llerian-inhibiting substance ( @entity55928 ) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. @entity55928 , a Sertoli cell secretory protein that induces M  llerian duct regression and also may be critical for germ and Leydig cell development, is maximal perinatally, then decreases as Sertoli cells mature. The fall in @entity55928 mRNA expression is delayed by @entity1375 in vivo, indicating that T3 could regulate @entity55928 mRNA. However, understanding of the hormonal regulation of @entity55928 has been limited due partly to the lack of a primary Sertoli cell culture system in which sustained expression of @entity55928 or its mRNA can be obtained. We have developed a Sertoli cell culture system for examining hormonal regulation of @entity55928 mRNA. We then tested the effects of T3 and/or FSH treatment on @entity55928 mRNA levels in this new system. Initial studies indicated that @entity55928 mRNA production by 5-day-old @entity35 Sertoli cells was minimal in vitro. Therefore, Sertoli cells from 2-day-old @entity35 were cultured for 2 or 4 days. After 2 days in vitro, steady state @entity55928 mRNA levels were decreased to 36% of the levels seen in freshly isolated Sertoli cells from 2-day-old @entity35 . However, by day 4 of culture, steady state @entity55928 mRNA production had recovered to 67% of that seen in freshly isolated 2-day-old Sertoli cells, which closely paralleled the decrease seen in @entity55928 production in vivo from days 2-6. @entity55928 mRNA levels were decreased 53%, 64%, and 86% in cultures treated with 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 nM T3 (P < 0.05), respectively. This decrease in Sertoli cell @entity55928 mRNA did not reflect a nonspecific effect on cell viability and/or activity, as shown by a dose-responsive increase in @entity7456 mRNA in these same cultures. FSH (2.5-100 ng/ml) also produced a dose-responsive decrease in @entity55928 mRNA levels, and FSH and T3 together had an additive inhibitory effect on @entity55928 mRNA levels, indicating that these hormones may act through distinct mechanisms. In summary, this is the first primary culture system in which sustained @entity55928 mRNA production can be demonstrated, and it should prove useful for understanding the regulation of @entity55928 in developing Sertoli cells. In addition, T3 and FSH are major regulators of the postnatal decrease in @entity55928 production by the @entity35 Sertoli cell, and these hormones may act through separate pathways.

title: Thyroid hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone regulate M  llerian-inhibiting substance messenger ribonucleic acid expression in cultured neonatal XXXX Sertoli cells.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The properties of a new second-generation colonizable artificial @entity267 were evaluated in @entity1 . The prosthesis consisted of a peripheral rim of a translucent microporous @entity29781 polymer (expanded @entity736 ) fused with the polymer of the central optic. The optic was made of medical-grade @entity13768 coated with @entity4280 . Its refractive power was 42.2 diopters and it measured 7.0 mm in diameter and 0.55 mm in thickness. The geometry of the optic was tested by high-frequency ultrasound and intraocular pressure and distensibility were measured in an artificial chamber. Prostheses were implanted in one eye of 13 @entity1 . The average follow-up was 6 months (range 3-9 months). Most of the eyes (11/13) were clinically stable after a 7 months follow up. Seven @entity1 had visual acuity improvements. Mean corrected final visual acuity was 20/200 (range, 20/30 to light perception). Five anatomical failures occured (two extrusions, two retroprosthetic membranes, one @entity3225 ). The new optical core, junction, and surface properties of the polymers offer many advantages, quicker colonization of the supporting skirt, and an optical core with a geometry similar to that of a normal @entity1 @entity267 . Epithelial cells did not migrate over the interface and optical core. It seems that formation of an epithelium over the artificial device is essential for the long-term stability of the implant.

title: A second generation of artificial XXXX (Biokpro II).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']

entities_list: @entity29781 :: ('CHEBI:38824', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorocarbon']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent chromosome 20q gain is implicated in progressive @entity5 and has been associated with clinical outcomes in multiple types of @entity5 ; however, its prognostic significance in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and the involved genes remain unclear. METHODS: Array comparative genomic hybridization and expression arrays were used to detect copy number alterations (CNAs) and expression levels, respectively. The associations between CNAs in 20q and outcomes were analyzed on 66 @entity1 , for which the follow-up period was 2.6-73.3  months. One hundred seventeen @entity5 were further investigated to identify target genes in the potentially outcome-related CNAs. RESULTS: Regional or whole 20q gain was detected in 24 (36.4  %) of the 66 @entity157 cases. The most recurrent gains were 20q11.21-12, 20q12-13.12, 20q13.12-13.33 and 20q13.33. Of the CNAs, 20q13.12-13.33 gain was significantly associated with reduced extrohepatic @entity3 -free and overall survival, as well as with elevated postoperative @entity160 level, @entity5 @entity1350 and advanced @entity5 stage. Multivariate Cox analysis identified 20q13.12-13.33 gain as an independent prognostic marker for @entity3 (HR 3.73, 95  % CI 1.08-12.87) and @entity204 (HR 3.00, 95  % CI 1.26-7.13). A panel of 19 genes in 20q13.12-13.33 was significantly overexpressed in HCCs with gain compared to HCCs without. High expression (greater than median) for 5 of the 19 genes, @entity70695 , @entity33810 , @entity70696 , @entity70697 and @entity65466 , correlated significantly with @entity1350 , and high @entity70696 expression also with advanced @entity5 stage. CONCLUSIONS: Gain at 20q13.12-13.33 is a prognostic marker of @entity3 and @entity204 , and @entity70695 , @entity33810 , @entity70696 , @entity70697 , and @entity65466 are probable target genes which may be involved together in the unfavorable outcomes of @entity157 @entity1 .

title: Multiple genes identified as targets for 20q13.12-13.33 gain contributing to unfavorable clinical outcomes in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer behaviors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent chromosome 20q gain is implicated in progressive @entity5 and has been associated with clinical outcomes in multiple types of @entity5 ; however, its prognostic significance in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and the involved genes remain unclear. METHODS: Array comparative genomic hybridization and expression arrays were used to detect copy number alterations (CNAs) and expression levels, respectively. The associations between CNAs in 20q and outcomes were analyzed on 66 @entity1 , for which the follow-up period was 2.6-73.3  months. One hundred seventeen @entity5 were further investigated to identify target genes in the potentially outcome-related CNAs. RESULTS: Regional or whole 20q gain was detected in 24 (36.4  %) of the 66 @entity157 cases. The most recurrent gains were 20q11.21-12, 20q12-13.12, 20q13.12-13.33 and 20q13.33. Of the CNAs, 20q13.12-13.33 gain was significantly associated with reduced extrohepatic @entity3 -free and overall survival, as well as with elevated postoperative @entity160 level, @entity5 @entity1350 and advanced @entity5 stage. Multivariate Cox analysis identified 20q13.12-13.33 gain as an independent prognostic marker for @entity3 (HR 3.73, 95  % CI 1.08-12.87) and @entity204 (HR 3.00, 95  % CI 1.26-7.13). A panel of 19 genes in 20q13.12-13.33 was significantly overexpressed in HCCs with gain compared to HCCs without. High expression (greater than median) for 5 of the 19 genes, @entity70695 , @entity33810 , @entity70696 , @entity70697 and @entity65466 , correlated significantly with @entity1350 , and high @entity70696 expression also with advanced @entity5 stage. CONCLUSIONS: Gain at 20q13.12-13.33 is a prognostic marker of @entity3 and @entity204 , and @entity70695 , @entity33810 , @entity70696 , @entity70697 , and @entity65466 are probable target genes which may be involved together in the unfavorable outcomes of @entity157 @entity1 .

title: Multiple genes identified as targets for 20q13.12-13.33 gain contributing to unfavorable clinical outcomes in XXXX with @entity157 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The adverse effects of @entity2700 in hospital inpatients can be severe, resulting in morbidity and even mortality. This study examined the ability of surgical @entity1 in a district general hospital to undertake the seemingly minor but critically important task of taking on oral fluids using the conventional, hospital-supplied, water jug and glass. METHODS: Surgical @entity1 receiving oral fluids were interviewed on two occasions. A questionnaire assessed the @entity1 's capacity to use the water jug and recorded his or her experience. The @entity1 's ability to use jugs with varying volumes of water was then observed. RESULTS: Some @entity1 simply could not physically lift the conventional jug of water and often went thirsty; 42% of @entity1 could not reach the jug of water at the time of interview; 31% of @entity1 found the simple task of pouring a glass of water difficult, very difficult or impossible. CONCLUSION: @entity1 need their individual requirements to be assessed and their preferences addressed on admission to hospital, by means of a fluid-assessment chart. Alternative methods of hydration should also be considered. Education and training on the importance of hydration remain key. These small changes could improve @entity1 hydration and independence, thus preventing avoidable harm.

title: Prevention of XXXX in hospital inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

answer: @entity2700 :: (MESH:D003681,Disease) :: ['dehydration']


abstract: The germ cells of metazoans follow a program of proliferation that is distinct from proliferation programs of somatic cells. Despite their developmental importance, the cell proliferation program in the metazoan primordial germ cells is not well characterized and the regulatory controls are not understood. In @entity238 , germ cell precursors (called pole cells) proliferate early in embryogenesis and then enter a prolonged quiescence. We found that polar nuclear divisions are asynchronous and lag behind somatic nuclear divisions during syncytial cycles 9 and 10. Thus, the polar division program deviates from the somatic division program when pole nuclei and somatic nuclei still share a common cytoplasm, earlier than previously thought. The lag in polar nuclear divisions is independent of grapes, which is required for lengthening somatic cell cycles 10-13. Mapping of the last S phase in pole cells and measurement of their DNA content indicate that pole cells become quiescent in G2 phase of the cell cycle. We were able to drive quiescent pole cells into mitosis by induction of either an activator of @entity25499 ( @entity25499 ) or a mutant form of @entity25499 that cannot be inhibited by phosphorylation. In contrast, induction of wild-type @entity25499 with a mitotic @entity45178 did not induce mitosis in pole cells. We propose that inhibition of @entity25499 by phosphorylation contributes to G2 arrest in pole cells during embryogenesis. Furthermore, pole cells enter G1 following induced mitoses, indicating that entry into both mitosis and S phase is blocked in quiescent pole cells. These studies represent the first molecular characterization of proliferation in embryonic germ cells of @entity238 .

title: The cell cycle program in germ cells of the XXXX embryo.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate @entity101 's long-term cost and impact on life expectancy. DESIGN: A 19-year individual follow-up study. Subjects were categorized according to their baseline (1972) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) level into three groups: normotensive (DBP < 95 mmHg), mildly @entity101 (DBP 95-104 mmHg), and severely @entity101 (DBP > 104 mmHg). By using their social security identification numbers, we linked the subjects to a set of national registers covering hospital admissions, use of major drugs, absence due to sickness, disability pensions, and @entity204 . SUBJECTS: A random population sample of 10 284 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 25-59 years from the provinces of Kuopio and North Karelia in eastern Finland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The numbers of years of life and years of work lost, the cost of drugs and hospitalization, and the value of productivity lost due to disability and premature mortality. RESULTS: The difference in life expectancy between normotensive and severely @entity101 @entity1 was 2.7 years, of which 2.0 years was due to @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Among @entity1 the corresponding differences were 2.0 and 1.5 years. Severely @entity101 @entity1 lost 2.6 years of work more than did normotensive @entity1 , of which 1.7 years was due to @entity65 . Among @entity1 the differences were 2.2 and 1.3 years. The mean undiscounted total costs (USA dollars at 1992 prices) were  132 500 among normotensive,  146 500 among mildly @entity101 , and  219 300 among severely @entity101 @entity1 , of which @entity65 accounted for 28, 39, and 43%, respectively. More than 90% of the total costs were indirect productivity losses. Among @entity1 the total costs were lower for all DBP categories, as were the shares of @entity65 -related costs. The proportional increase in costs on going from the lowest to the highest DBP category was, however, somewhat larger among @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: On the population level, severe @entity101 leads to considerable losses in terms of years of life lost, years of work lost, and costs. However, the overall impact of mild @entity101 is much more limited.

title: Long-term cost and life-expectancy consequences of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the distributions of the genotypes and alleles of the @entity7742 polymorphism of the @entity2178 gene for @entity101 @entity1 and normotensive controls. DESIGN: A study of association of genetic polymorphisms. SETTING: An outpatient clinic run by a university department handling referrals from primary care. @entity1 : Two hundred and four subjects, 103 normal controls and 101 @entity1 with newly diagnosed or documented @entity101 . METHOD: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes, amplified by polymerase chain reaction and digested with the restriction enzyme Tth 111 I. @entity1853 (M) and @entity1889 (T) alleles were identified after electrophoresis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalences of @entity2178 genotypes and alleles for @entity101 @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: MM, TM and TT genotypes occurred in 3, 24 and 73% of controls and 1, 22 and 77% of @entity101 @entity1 , respectively. The prevalences of the M and T alleles were 0.15 and 0.85 among controls and 0.12 and 0.88 among @entity101 @entity1 . The prevalences of the @entity2178 genotypes and alleles for controls and @entity101 @entity1 did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings differed from previous reports and suggested that this polymorphism is not associated with @entity101 in this population.

title: XXXX polymorphism of the @entity2178 gene and @entity101 in Chinese.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['Methionine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity7742 :: (p|SUB|M|235|T,ProteinMutation) :: ['M235T']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the distributions of the genotypes and alleles of the @entity7742 polymorphism of the @entity2178 gene for @entity101 @entity1 and normotensive controls. DESIGN: A study of association of genetic polymorphisms. SETTING: An outpatient clinic run by a university department handling referrals from primary care. @entity1 : Two hundred and four subjects, 103 normal controls and 101 @entity1 with newly diagnosed or documented @entity101 . METHOD: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes, amplified by polymerase chain reaction and digested with the restriction enzyme Tth 111 I. @entity1853 (M) and @entity1889 (T) alleles were identified after electrophoresis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalences of @entity2178 genotypes and alleles for @entity101 @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: MM, TM and TT genotypes occurred in 3, 24 and 73% of controls and 1, 22 and 77% of @entity101 @entity1 , respectively. The prevalences of the M and T alleles were 0.15 and 0.85 among controls and 0.12 and 0.88 among @entity101 @entity1 . The prevalences of the @entity2178 genotypes and alleles for controls and @entity101 @entity1 did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings differed from previous reports and suggested that this polymorphism is not associated with @entity101 in this population.

title: @entity7742 polymorphism of the XXXX gene and @entity101 in Chinese.

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensinogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the distributions of the genotypes and alleles of the @entity7742 polymorphism of the @entity2178 gene for @entity101 @entity1 and normotensive controls. DESIGN: A study of association of genetic polymorphisms. SETTING: An outpatient clinic run by a university department handling referrals from primary care. @entity1 : Two hundred and four subjects, 103 normal controls and 101 @entity1 with newly diagnosed or documented @entity101 . METHOD: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes, amplified by polymerase chain reaction and digested with the restriction enzyme Tth 111 I. @entity1853 (M) and @entity1889 (T) alleles were identified after electrophoresis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalences of @entity2178 genotypes and alleles for @entity101 @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: MM, TM and TT genotypes occurred in 3, 24 and 73% of controls and 1, 22 and 77% of @entity101 @entity1 , respectively. The prevalences of the M and T alleles were 0.15 and 0.85 among controls and 0.12 and 0.88 among @entity101 @entity1 . The prevalences of the @entity2178 genotypes and alleles for controls and @entity101 @entity1 did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings differed from previous reports and suggested that this polymorphism is not associated with @entity101 in this population.

title: @entity7742 polymorphism of the @entity2178 gene and XXXX in Chinese.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: (1) To describe access to health care in the population of Dakar; (2) to analyze the influence of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics on access to health care; (3) and to describe the fraction of consultations accounted for by chronic non-communicable diseases. These data come from a 2009 survey of 600 individuals aged 20 years and over. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and information about access to health care were collected. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regressions were used for the statistical analyses. @entity1 , @entity1 with no schooling, and poor @entity1 were underrepresented among users of health care services. Moreover, the majority of Dakar residents who sought health care during the year preceding the survey went to see a doctor (as opposed to a traditional healer, pharmacist, nurse, midwife, or dentist). Finally, @entity102 accounted for the smallest fraction of reasons for medical consultations; they were mentioned most often by those aged 50 years or older who consult more than 5 times a year. Dakar residents have an access to health care similar to that of @entity1 in other African countries, but this conclusion hides major inequalities. Moreover, at the same time that Senegal is undergoing an epidemiological transition, chronic non-communicable diseases are not a major reason for consultations. The epidemiological projections made for Africa for the next 15 years indicate that the development of strategies to avert the development of these diseases in Senegal must be a priority objective.

title: Access to health care in Dakar (Senegal): frequency, type of provider, and non-communicable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity18880 ( @entity18880 ) determined at pretreatment is important in the prediction of prognosis in @entity5 . We investigated if the @entity18880 used both at pretreatment and during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) could predict the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: We collected @entity18880 and clinicopathological data from the medical records of 91 @entity1 who underwent CCRT for @entity5 ; their GPSs at pretreatment and during CCRT were retrospectively analyzed for correlations with recurrence and survival. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox's proportional hazard regression was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The median follow-up for all @entity1 who were alive at the time of last follow-up was 38.0 months (range, 1-108 months). The DFS and @entity1349 rates of @entity1 with a high @entity18880 during CCRT ( @entity18880 1 + 2; 55 @entity1 ; 60.4%) were significantly shorter than those for @entity1 with a low @entity18880 ( @entity18880 0; 36 @entity1 ; 39.6%) (DFS, P < 0.001; @entity1349 , P < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate analyses showed that high @entity18880 during CCRT was an independent prognostic factor of survival for @entity1349 (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: During CCRT, a high @entity18880 was revealed to be an important predictor of survival for @entity5 .

title: The Glasgow Prognostic Score Determined During Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Is an Independent Predictor of Survival for Cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['various cancers', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity18880 :: ('MESH:C536506', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow prognostic score', 'GPS']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) presents with rapidly progressive @entity303 associated with several symptoms including pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs. In Japan, @entity1 with @entity3669 gene mutations comprise 18.3% of @entity3605 cases. In the present study, we report a 74-year-old @entity1 with a double mutation in the @entity3669 gene. He showed @entity4653 , gait disturbance, and @entity73 . High signal intensity was observed in the bilateral cortex on brain MRI in diffusion-weighted images. There were high total Tau protein and 14-3-3 protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. We diagnosed him as having @entity3605 clinically, and analyzed the @entity3669 gene, which revealed a @entity31966 mutation and a @entity63782 one, i.e., a compound heterozygous status. In our @entity1 , the disease has very slowly progressive (total disease course, 37 months). The @entity31966 and @entity63782 mutations are specific mutations to Japanese @entity3605 @entity1 . For @entity1 with a double @entity3669 gene mutation, only @entity31966 and @entity63782 have been known. @entity1 with a double mutation ( @entity31966 / @entity63782 ) in the @entity3669 gene might show an @entity66 with a slow progression.

title: A case of @entity3605 with a double mutation ( XXXX / @entity63782 ) in the @entity3669 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atypical disease course']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity31966 :: (p|SUB|V|180|I,ProteinMutation) :: ['V180I']


abstract: @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) presents with rapidly progressive @entity303 associated with several symptoms including pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs. In Japan, @entity1 with @entity3669 gene mutations comprise 18.3% of @entity3605 cases. In the present study, we report a 74-year-old @entity1 with a double mutation in the @entity3669 gene. He showed @entity4653 , gait disturbance, and @entity73 . High signal intensity was observed in the bilateral cortex on brain MRI in diffusion-weighted images. There were high total Tau protein and 14-3-3 protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. We diagnosed him as having @entity3605 clinically, and analyzed the @entity3669 gene, which revealed a @entity31966 mutation and a @entity63782 one, i.e., a compound heterozygous status. In our @entity1 , the disease has very slowly progressive (total disease course, 37 months). The @entity31966 and @entity63782 mutations are specific mutations to Japanese @entity3605 @entity1 . For @entity1 with a double @entity3669 gene mutation, only @entity31966 and @entity63782 have been known. @entity1 with a double mutation ( @entity31966 / @entity63782 ) in the @entity3669 gene might show an @entity66 with a slow progression.

title: A case of @entity3605 with a double mutation ( @entity31966 / @entity63782 ) in the XXXX gene.

answer: @entity3669 :: (5621,Gene) :: ['PRNP']


abstract: @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) presents with rapidly progressive @entity303 associated with several symptoms including pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs. In Japan, @entity1 with @entity3669 gene mutations comprise 18.3% of @entity3605 cases. In the present study, we report a 74-year-old @entity1 with a double mutation in the @entity3669 gene. He showed @entity4653 , gait disturbance, and @entity73 . High signal intensity was observed in the bilateral cortex on brain MRI in diffusion-weighted images. There were high total Tau protein and 14-3-3 protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. We diagnosed him as having @entity3605 clinically, and analyzed the @entity3669 gene, which revealed a @entity31966 mutation and a @entity63782 one, i.e., a compound heterozygous status. In our @entity1 , the disease has very slowly progressive (total disease course, 37 months). The @entity31966 and @entity63782 mutations are specific mutations to Japanese @entity3605 @entity1 . For @entity1 with a double @entity3669 gene mutation, only @entity31966 and @entity63782 have been known. @entity1 with a double mutation ( @entity31966 / @entity63782 ) in the @entity3669 gene might show an @entity66 with a slow progression.

title: A case of XXXX with a double mutation ( @entity31966 / @entity63782 ) in the @entity3669 gene.

answer: @entity3605 :: (MESH:D007562,Disease) :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']


abstract: @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) presents with rapidly progressive @entity303 associated with several symptoms including pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs. In Japan, @entity1 with @entity3669 gene mutations comprise 18.3% of @entity3605 cases. In the present study, we report a 74-year-old @entity1 with a double mutation in the @entity3669 gene. He showed @entity4653 , gait disturbance, and @entity73 . High signal intensity was observed in the bilateral cortex on brain MRI in diffusion-weighted images. There were high total Tau protein and 14-3-3 protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. We diagnosed him as having @entity3605 clinically, and analyzed the @entity3669 gene, which revealed a @entity31966 mutation and a @entity63782 one, i.e., a compound heterozygous status. In our @entity1 , the disease has very slowly progressive (total disease course, 37 months). The @entity31966 and @entity63782 mutations are specific mutations to Japanese @entity3605 @entity1 . For @entity1 with a double @entity3669 gene mutation, only @entity31966 and @entity63782 have been known. @entity1 with a double mutation ( @entity31966 / @entity63782 ) in the @entity3669 gene might show an @entity66 with a slow progression.

title: A case of @entity3605 with a double mutation ( @entity31966 / XXXX ) in the @entity3669 gene.

answer: @entity63782 :: (p|SUB|M|232|R,ProteinMutation) :: ['M232R']


abstract: To evaluate the case-finding strategy for @entity170 in Norway, a questionnaire concerning risk factors for @entity170 and history of osteodensitometry was mailed to a population-based cohort of 6000 @entity1 and 6000 @entity1 . Suboptimal examination rates among high risk and reallocation of scanning capacity to seemingly low-risk individuals was found. PURPOSE: In Norway, a case-finding strategy for @entity170 has been used. No data exist regarding the efficacy of this approach. The aim was to examine the prevalence of risk factors for @entity170 and factors related to the use of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in Norway. METHODS: Questionnaires regarding previous history of DXA, risk factors for @entity170 and @entity174 were sent to an age-stratified, nationwide cross-sectional sample of 6000 @entity1 and 6000 @entity1 aged 40-90  years, drawn from the Norwegian Civil Registration System. RESULTS: Valid responses (6029) were included. Twenty-two point three percent of @entity1 and 3.8  % of @entity1 had been examined by DXA. Suboptimal examination rates among high risk (e.g., current/previous glucocorticoid treatment or previous low-energy @entity174 ) and reallocation of scanning capacity to seemingly low-risk individuals was found. Of all DXA, 19.5  % were reported by @entity1 without any risk factor for @entity170 , similarly by 16.2  % of @entity1 . Distance to DXA facilities and current smoking were inversely related to probability of reporting a DXA. CONCLUSIONS: Suboptimal examination rates among high risk and reallocation of scanning capacity to seemingly low-risk individuals were found. Distance to DXA, current smoking, and male sex constituted possible barriers to the case-finding strategy employed. Cheap and more available diagnostic tools for @entity170 are needed, and risk stratification tools should be employed more extensively.

title: Risk factors for XXXX and factors related to the use of DXA in Norway.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity2 is occasionally detected on a chest computed tomography (CT) scan before cardiovascular surgery. PURPOSE: In this study, we examined clinical courses of @entity1 who had undergone the simultaneous resection of a @entity2 following cardiovascular surgery. METHODS: From 2008 to 2013, 18 @entity1 (13 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ) with a median age of 69.8 years underwent the wedge pulmonary resection for a @entity2 through a median thoracotomy following cardiovascular surgery in our hospital. Cardiovascular surgeries consisted of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in six @entity1 , aortic valve replacement and/or mitral valve plasty in 10 @entity1 , total arch replacement in 10 @entity1 and descending aorta replacement in 10 @entity1 . RESULTS: No complications associated with pulmonary resections were observed. Pathological examination revealed that 15 @entity1 (83.3%) were diagnosed with @entity2 including 13 @entity420 and two @entity957 , with the clinical stages of 1A in 13 @entity1 , 2A in one @entity1 and 2B in one @entity1 . Among them, five @entity1 received the radical pulmonary resection subsequently, whereas 10 @entity1 were unable to receive it due to their poor cardiopulmonary function. Kaplan-Meier analysis of @entity1 with @entity2 revealed that the 5-year survival rate and progression-free survival (PFS) rate after 3 years from the surgery were 46.2% and 73.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The simultaneous resection of @entity2 following cardiovascular surgery is safely performed, and is useful for the pathological diagnosis of the @entity5 . Further studies are warranted, however, this procedure may contribute to controlling the progression of @entity2 in @entity1 with @entity65 with comorbidities.

title: Simultaneous resection of XXXX following cardiovascular surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumor', 'lung cancers', 'lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tumor']


abstract: Interstrand cross-links in cellular DNA are highly deleterious lesions that block transcription and replication. We recently characterized two new structural types of interstrand cross-links derived from the reaction of abasic (Ap) sites with either @entity2774 or @entity5536 residues in duplex DNA. Interestingly, these Ap-derived cross-links are forged by chemically reversible processes, in which the two strands of the duplex are joined by hemiaminal, @entity22995 , or @entity5292 linkages. Therefore, understanding the stability of Ap-derived cross-links may be critical in defining the potential biological consequences of these lesions. Here we employed @entity70698 DNA polymerase, which can couple DNA synthesis and strand displacement, as a model system to examine whether dA-Ap cross-links can withstand DNA-processing enzymes. We first demonstrated that a chemically stable interstrand cross-link generated by @entity7470 reduction of the dG-Ap cross-link completely blocked primer extension by   29 DNA polymerase at the last unmodified nucleobase preceding cross-link. We then showed that the nominally reversible dA-Ap cross-link behaved, for all practical purposes, like an irreversible, covalent DNA-DNA cross-link. The dA-Ap cross-link completely blocked progress of the   29 DNA polymerase at the last unmodified base before the cross-link. This suggests that Ap-derived cross-links have the power to block various DNA-processing enzymes in the cell. In addition, our results reveal   29 DNA polymerase as a tool for detecting the presence and mapping the location of interstrand cross-links (and possibly other lesions) embedded within regions of duplex DNA.

title: Characterization of Interstrand DNA-DNA Cross-Links Derived from Abasic Sites Using XXXX DNA Polymerase.

entities_list: @entity7470 :: ('CHEBI:29239', 'Chemical') :: ['hydride']

entities_list: @entity5292 :: ('D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity70698 :: (320846,Species) :: ['Bacteriophage   29']


abstract: Ionizing radiation has been used to treat many @entity5 since the turn of the century. Modern radiotherapeutic techniques have led to increased cure rates and improved local regional control, but the potentially severe and debilitating adverse effects of radiation therapy have not been fully eliminated. Managing radiation-induced @entity137 often focuses on treating the symptoms as they manifest. However, preventing these complications is clearly more desirable. Radiation-induced @entity137 may be ameliorated in several ways. Dose fractionation was one of the earliest methods recognized to decrease radiation-induced @entity137 . Another early method was the use of physical shielding to reduce the area of exposure. Pharmacologic approaches to improving the therapeutic index of radiotherapy fall under two categories: radiosensitizers or radioprotectants. Radiosensitizers are compounds that enhance the sensitivity of @entity5 to the effects of radiation, but not normal tissue. Radioprotectants such as @entity8503 function by reducing the effects of radiation on normal cells while maintaining @entity5 sensitivity. Clinical trials have demonstrated that @entity8503 can reduce both acute and late radiation-induced @entity137 . The development of @entity8503 has thus resulted in greater @entity5 control without sacrificing @entity1 well-being. Further investigations are necessary to ensure that @entity1 receive the optimum therapeutic benefit.

title: Radiation-induced XXXX : the role of radioprotectants.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['amifostine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicities']


abstract: The ventricular system carries and circulates cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and facilitates clearance of solutes and toxins from the brain. The functional units of the ventricles are ciliated epithelial cells termed ependymal cells, which line the ventricles and through ciliary action are capable of generating laminar flow of CSF at the ventricle surface. This monolayer of ependymal cells also provides barrier and filtration functions that promote exchange between brain interstitial fluids (ISF) and circulating CSF. Biochemical changes in the brain are thereby reflected in the composition of the CSF and destruction of the ependyma can disrupt the delicate balance of CSF and ISF exchange. In @entity1 there is a strong correlation between lateral ventricle expansion and aging. Age-associated @entity1276 can occur even in the absence of @entity303 or obstruction of CSF flow. The exact cause and progression of @entity1276 is often unknown; however, enlarged ventricles can show regional and, often, extensive loss of ependymal cell coverage with ventricle surface astrogliosis and associated periventricular @entity4 replacing the functional ependymal cell monolayer. Using MRI scans together with postmortem @entity1 brain tissue, we describe how to prepare, image and compile 3D renderings of lateral ventricle volumes, calculate lateral ventricle volumes, and characterize periventricular tissue through immunohistochemical analysis of en face lateral ventricle wall tissue preparations. Corresponding analyses of @entity19 brain tissue are also presented supporting the use of @entity19 models as a means to evaluate changes to the lateral ventricles and periventricular tissue found in @entity1 @entity66 . Together, these protocols allow investigations into the cause and effect of @entity1276 and highlight techniques to study ventricular system health and its important barrier and filtration functions within the brain.

title: 3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in XXXX and @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['aging and disease']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Humans']


abstract: The ventricular system carries and circulates cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and facilitates clearance of solutes and toxins from the brain. The functional units of the ventricles are ciliated epithelial cells termed ependymal cells, which line the ventricles and through ciliary action are capable of generating laminar flow of CSF at the ventricle surface. This monolayer of ependymal cells also provides barrier and filtration functions that promote exchange between brain interstitial fluids (ISF) and circulating CSF. Biochemical changes in the brain are thereby reflected in the composition of the CSF and destruction of the ependyma can disrupt the delicate balance of CSF and ISF exchange. In @entity1 there is a strong correlation between lateral ventricle expansion and aging. Age-associated @entity1276 can occur even in the absence of @entity303 or obstruction of CSF flow. The exact cause and progression of @entity1276 is often unknown; however, enlarged ventricles can show regional and, often, extensive loss of ependymal cell coverage with ventricle surface astrogliosis and associated periventricular @entity4 replacing the functional ependymal cell monolayer. Using MRI scans together with postmortem @entity1 brain tissue, we describe how to prepare, image and compile 3D renderings of lateral ventricle volumes, calculate lateral ventricle volumes, and characterize periventricular tissue through immunohistochemical analysis of en face lateral ventricle wall tissue preparations. Corresponding analyses of @entity19 brain tissue are also presented supporting the use of @entity19 models as a means to evaluate changes to the lateral ventricles and periventricular tissue found in @entity1 @entity66 . Together, these protocols allow investigations into the cause and effect of @entity1276 and highlight techniques to study ventricular system health and its important barrier and filtration functions within the brain.

title: 3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Iloprost, a @entity4770 , is chemically stable and it has been successfully used by intravenous infusion in severe @entity63 . Usually Iloprost is diluted in 0.9% @entity2827 solution and infused intravenously for six hours each day for 28 days in hospital. METHODS: In the present study after the first three days of infusion with a traditional pump in hospital, a home pump has been utilised for the infusion of Iloprost at home. This device allows the continue infusion of Iloprost at a flow rate of 2 ml/h for six days, then the pump is filled with a new solution. The home pump consists of a protective shell in @entity6027 (10 x 12 cm), 270 ml of volume, inside there is a balloon reservoir (3 membranes) which is filled with Iloprost. The structure of Iloprost does not change into the home pump as evidenced by HPLC studies and its continue infusion allows plasmatic high levels of its active isomers during the 28 days of therapy. In 30 @entity1 , 25 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 (mean age 61 years) with Fontaine stage IIB (6), III (5) and IV (19) POAD Iloprost has been infused with the home pump. The follow-up period was 1 to 16 months. RESULTS: The results have shown 4 major amputations and 1 death, in 9 @entity1 complete @entity158 relief and @entity1066 , and in 6 @entity1 only improvement in relief of @entity158 and @entity1066 . CONCLUSIONS: All the @entity1 appreciated this system of infusion because they had a normal life; in addition it is less expensive because the @entity1 stay in hospital only 3 days.

title: [A new infusion method for a XXXX analogue].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6027 :: ('CHEBI:61433', 'Chemical') :: ['polycarbonate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin I2']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity4770 :: (MESH:D011464,Chemical) :: ['prostacyclin']


abstract: AIM: To examine the incidence and natural history of @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) associated with the shorter 2-3 week course of @entity619 , now more usual, for @entity1030 . METHOD: Thirty one @entity1 , gestational age 23-34 (median 26) weeks, birthweight 500-2054 (median 815)g, received @entity619 , starting at 0.4-0.6 mg/kg/day, at a median of 11 days of age (range 2-34), weaning over a period of 2-3 weeks. Eighteen preterm neonates were studied as controls over a similar time period. Serial echocardiographic measurements of end diastolic interventricular septum (IVSd) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWd) thicknesses were taken before, and up to 48 days after, starting @entity619 . Maximum Doppler blood flow velocities from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) were measured. RESULTS: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) occurred in 29 babies (94%). Median @entity1184 of the IVSd in those receiving @entity619 was 67% and LVPWd 56% of baseline measurements, significantly greater than control @entity1 (p < 0.001). @entity4346 appeared by a median of three days, peaking by a median of 10 days. All resolved by a median of 27 days. LVOT obstruction was not seen. There was no significant correlation with birthweight, gestation, blood pressure, or @entity413 tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4346 developed in almost all preterm neonates receiving a 2-3 week course of @entity619 , but was of little clinical importance and always resolved. Echocardiography is probably not required routinely in @entity1 receiving such short course @entity619 for @entity1030 .

title: Cardiac effects of short course XXXX in preterm @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: AIM: To examine the incidence and natural history of @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) associated with the shorter 2-3 week course of @entity619 , now more usual, for @entity1030 . METHOD: Thirty one @entity1 , gestational age 23-34 (median 26) weeks, birthweight 500-2054 (median 815)g, received @entity619 , starting at 0.4-0.6 mg/kg/day, at a median of 11 days of age (range 2-34), weaning over a period of 2-3 weeks. Eighteen preterm neonates were studied as controls over a similar time period. Serial echocardiographic measurements of end diastolic interventricular septum (IVSd) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWd) thicknesses were taken before, and up to 48 days after, starting @entity619 . Maximum Doppler blood flow velocities from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) were measured. RESULTS: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) occurred in 29 babies (94%). Median @entity1184 of the IVSd in those receiving @entity619 was 67% and LVPWd 56% of baseline measurements, significantly greater than control @entity1 (p < 0.001). @entity4346 appeared by a median of three days, peaking by a median of 10 days. All resolved by a median of 27 days. LVOT obstruction was not seen. There was no significant correlation with birthweight, gestation, blood pressure, or @entity413 tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4346 developed in almost all preterm neonates receiving a 2-3 week course of @entity619 , but was of little clinical importance and always resolved. Echocardiography is probably not required routinely in @entity1 receiving such short course @entity619 for @entity1030 .

title: Cardiac effects of short course @entity619 in preterm XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1897 is a well-recognised complication of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). Little is known of its natural history, but a variety of joint involvement has been described, from large joint pauciarticular @entity2720 to a @entity309 pattern polyarthropathy. AIMS: To classify the peripheral @entity2720 according to pattern of articular involvement, and study their natural history and clinical associations. METHODS: The case notes of all @entity1 attending the @entity29 clinic were reviewed, and information on general disease characteristics, extraintestinal features, and @entity2720 extracted. This was confirmed by direct @entity1 interview using questionnaires at routine follow up. @entity1 with recorded joint swelling or effusion were classified as type 1 (pauciarticular) if less than five joints were involved and type 2 (polyarticular) if five or more were involved. @entity1 without evidence of swelling were classified as @entity4841 . RESULTS: In total, 976 @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and 483 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) were reviewed. Type 1 occurred in 3.6% of @entity1 with @entity31 (83% acute and self-limiting) and in 6.0% of those with @entity30 (79% self-limiting); 83% and 76%, respectively, were associated with relapsing @entity29 . Type 2 occurred in 2.5% of @entity1 with @entity31 and 4.0% of those with @entity30 ; 87% and 89%, respectively, caused persistent symptoms whereas only 29% and 42%, respectively, were associated with relapsing @entity29 . CONCLUSION: @entity1897 without axial involvement can be subdivided into a pauciarticular, @entity2720 , and a bilateral symmetrical polyarthropathy, each being distinguished by its articular distribution and natural history.

title: Peripheral @entity2720 in XXXX : their articular distribution and natural history.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'Oxford IBD', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral arthropathy', 'Enteropathic peripheral arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['large joint arthropathy', 'arthropathy', 'arthropathies']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1897 is a well-recognised complication of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). Little is known of its natural history, but a variety of joint involvement has been described, from large joint pauciarticular @entity2720 to a @entity309 pattern polyarthropathy. AIMS: To classify the peripheral @entity2720 according to pattern of articular involvement, and study their natural history and clinical associations. METHODS: The case notes of all @entity1 attending the @entity29 clinic were reviewed, and information on general disease characteristics, extraintestinal features, and @entity2720 extracted. This was confirmed by direct @entity1 interview using questionnaires at routine follow up. @entity1 with recorded joint swelling or effusion were classified as type 1 (pauciarticular) if less than five joints were involved and type 2 (polyarticular) if five or more were involved. @entity1 without evidence of swelling were classified as @entity4841 . RESULTS: In total, 976 @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and 483 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) were reviewed. Type 1 occurred in 3.6% of @entity1 with @entity31 (83% acute and self-limiting) and in 6.0% of those with @entity30 (79% self-limiting); 83% and 76%, respectively, were associated with relapsing @entity29 . Type 2 occurred in 2.5% of @entity1 with @entity31 and 4.0% of those with @entity30 ; 87% and 89%, respectively, caused persistent symptoms whereas only 29% and 42%, respectively, were associated with relapsing @entity29 . CONCLUSION: @entity1897 without axial involvement can be subdivided into a pauciarticular, @entity2720 , and a bilateral symmetrical polyarthropathy, each being distinguished by its articular distribution and natural history.

title: Peripheral XXXX in @entity29 : their articular distribution and natural history.

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['arthropathies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abusive @entity542 (AHT) is a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to better understand the trends centered on AHT @entity1 treated at Vanderbilt @entity1 's Hospital. A retrospective study of 139 @entity1 undergoing treatment and management for @entity131 due to abuse between January 2006 and April 2013 at Vanderbilt @entity1 's Hospital was conducted. Caucasian males made up 61% and the youngest sibling represented 86.3% of our cohort. The median age was 5 months with injuries occurring during summertime and on weekdays, 31 and 63%, respectively. Seventy-nine percent were diagnosed with @entity3439 , and 42% had a Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) of 8 or less. A total of 25 @entity1 , median age 8.6 months, died during our study period. The results of this study describe the AHT population at Vanderbilt @entity1 's Hospital. Future studies should prospectively assess this population to better understand social factors involved in AHT.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Identifying Characteristics in Abusive XXXX : A Single-Institution Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head Trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     Recent treatment goals for @entity5599 ( @entity5599 ) focus on avoiding tracheostomy through modalities such as @entity3572 ( @entity3572 ). We primarily evaluated the efficacy of our straightforward @entity3572 treatment protocol for resolution of @entity5599 -associated @entity1224 while secondarily analyzing @entity1 characteristics associated with success or failure of @entity3572 . DESIGN:     A retrospective chart review before and after treatment. SETTING:     Tertiary institutional center and private practice setting. @entity1 :     All @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5599 and treated with @entity3572 , according to the @entity3572 treatment protocol, by a single surgeon with the same operative technique from 1999 to 2013. A sample size of n = 38 met the inclusion criteria. Data assessed included tracheostomy status (pre- @entity3572 , post- @entity3572 , or none), microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (MLB) findings, multipositional airway study results, clinical resolution of @entity1224 following @entity3572 , and @entity1 characteristics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:     Resolution of @entity1224 with avoidance of a tracheostomy. RESULTS:     Prior to referral for @entity3572 , five @entity1 required urgent tracheostomy. Of @entity1 without a pre- @entity3572 tracheostomy (n = 33), two @entity1 required tracheostomy post- @entity3572 , while 94% avoided tracheostomy with clinical resolution of @entity1224 (n = 31). On secondary analysis, anatomic abnormalities diagnosed by MLB were associated with a higher rate of tracheostomy (P = .037), confirming the utility of preoperative evaluation with MLB; otherwise, no @entity1 characteristics demonstrated significance in @entity1 selection. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 10 years (mean = 6.45 years, median = 7.61 years). CONCLUSIONS:     Our treatment protocol demonstrates @entity3572 is highly effective for resolving severe @entity1224 related to @entity5599 . Based on secondary analysis, our simplified protocol does not require amendment.

title: A Simple Mandibular Distraction Protocol to Avoid Tracheostomy in XXXX With Pierre Robin Sequence.

entities_list: @entity3572 :: ('MESH:D008336', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular distraction osteogenesis', 'MDO']

entities_list: @entity5599 :: ('MESH:D010855', 'Disease') :: ['PRS', 'Pierre Robin sequence']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is a global crisis in access to @entity158 management in the world. WHO estimates that 4.65 billion @entity1 live in countries where medical opioid consumption is near to zero. For 2010, WHO considered a per capita consumption of 216.7  mg @entity1286 equivalents adequate, while Taiwan had a per capita consumption of 0.05  mg @entity1286 equivalents in 2007. In Asia, the use of opioids is sensitive because of the Opium @entity22473 in the 19th century and for this reason, the focus of controlled substances policies has been on the prevention of diversion and @entity734 . However, an optimal public health outcome requires that also the beneficial aspects of these substances are acknowledged. Therefore, WHO recommends a policy based on the Principle of Balance: ensuring access for medical and scientific purposes while preventing diversion, harmful use and @entity734 . Furthermore, international law requires that countries ensure access to opioid analgesics for medical and scientific purposes. There is evidence that opioid analgesics for @entity1118 are not associated with a major risk for developing @entity734 . Barriers for access can be classified in the categories of overly restrictive laws and regulations; insufficient medical training on @entity158 management and problems related to assessment of medical needs; attitudes like an excessive fear for @entity734 or diversion; and economic and logistical problems. The GOPI project found many examples of such barriers in Asia. Access to opioid medicines in Taiwan can be improved by analysing the national situation and drafting a plan. The WHO policy guidelines Ensuring Balance in National Policies on Controlled Substances can be helpful for achieving this purpose, as well as international guidelines for @entity158 treatment.

title: Improving access to adequate XXXX management in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) regulates seed maturation, germination and various stress responses in plants. The roles of @entity2272 in cellular growth and morphogenesis, however, remain to be explored. Here, we report that @entity2272 induces the ectopic outgrowth of epidermal cells in @entity958 . Seedlings of A. thaliana germinated and grown in the presence of @entity2272 developed ectopic protrusions in the epidermal cells of hypocotyls, petioles and cotyledons. One protrusion was formed in the middle of each epidermal cell. In the hypocotyl epidermis, two types of cell files are arranged alternately into non-stoma cell files and stoma cell files, ectopic protrusions being restricted to the non-stoma cell files. This suggests the presence of a difference in the degree of sensitivity to @entity2272 or in the capacity of cells to form protrusions between the two cell files. The ectopic outgrowth was suppressed in @entity2272 insensitive mutants, whereas it was enhanced in @entity2272 hypersensitive mutants. Interestingly, @entity2272 -induced ectopic outgrowth was also suppressed in mutants in which microtubule organization was compromised. Furthermore, cortical microtubules were disorganized and depolymerized by the @entity2272 treatment. These results suggest that @entity2272 signaling induces ectopic outgrowth in epidermal cells through microtubule reorganization.

title: XXXX induces ectopic outgrowth in epidermal cells through cortical microtubule reorganization in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['Abscisic acid']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['Abscisic acid']


abstract: @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) regulates seed maturation, germination and various stress responses in plants. The roles of @entity2272 in cellular growth and morphogenesis, however, remain to be explored. Here, we report that @entity2272 induces the ectopic outgrowth of epidermal cells in @entity958 . Seedlings of A. thaliana germinated and grown in the presence of @entity2272 developed ectopic protrusions in the epidermal cells of hypocotyls, petioles and cotyledons. One protrusion was formed in the middle of each epidermal cell. In the hypocotyl epidermis, two types of cell files are arranged alternately into non-stoma cell files and stoma cell files, ectopic protrusions being restricted to the non-stoma cell files. This suggests the presence of a difference in the degree of sensitivity to @entity2272 or in the capacity of cells to form protrusions between the two cell files. The ectopic outgrowth was suppressed in @entity2272 insensitive mutants, whereas it was enhanced in @entity2272 hypersensitive mutants. Interestingly, @entity2272 -induced ectopic outgrowth was also suppressed in mutants in which microtubule organization was compromised. Furthermore, cortical microtubules were disorganized and depolymerized by the @entity2272 treatment. These results suggest that @entity2272 signaling induces ectopic outgrowth in epidermal cells through microtubule reorganization.

title: @entity2271 induces ectopic outgrowth in epidermal cells through cortical microtubule reorganization in XXXX .

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we present a rare and difficult case of epithelioid inflammatory @entity242 (EIMS) in abdominal cavity. A 47-year-old female presented as left upper @entity490 for 6 months and abdominal distention for 1 month. CT examination showed a solid mass in the left upper intra-abdomen. Grossly, the @entity5 was found in the mesenterium of colon with the size of 7.5 * 6.5 * 3.5 cm, and was solid and gray-yellowish in the cut surface. Focal myxomatous appearance was observed. Microscopically, stromal myxoid change together with prominant infiltrated lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils were found in the @entity5 , and the @entity5 cells were round, epithelioid with vesicular nuclei, large prominant nucleoli and high mitotic rate. Immunohistochemically, strong diffused positive for @entity2277 , @entity2283 , @entity7041 (nuclear membrane staining pattern) and AAT, focally positive for @entity3778 and @entity5823 , were showed, Ki67 index was about 20%; Especially, @entity7097 and D240 were focally expressed in this @entity5 . FISH analysis showed rearrangement of @entity7041 , and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was used to detect the fusion location of the @entity23584 and @entity7041 gene. The diagnosis of EMIS was made based on its location, typical morphology, the immunohistochemical features especially the nuclear membranous immunostaining of @entity7041 and rearrangement of @entity23584 - @entity7041 . The @entity5 showed @entity146 and a poor prognosis. The differential diagnosis and other treatments of EMIS are also discussed in the present study. This finding may increase the case information of EMIS.

title: Epithelioid inflammatory XXXX in abdominal cavity: a case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['myofibroblastic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['higher aggressive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['myofibroblastic sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The initial drink of @entity167 is often conceptualized as "priming" the individual for the following drinking bout. For the alcoholic, this priming effect has been considered a key for the loss of control that then occurs. Although there have been a few animal studies examining the effects of an investigator-administered @entity1068 preload on subsequent @entity1068 self-administration, the effects of a small self-administered oral preload on subsequent consumption have not been examined. METHOD: Adult, male @entity35 , initiated to self-administer @entity1068 using the @entity969 -substitution procedure, were given brief access periods to drink @entity1068 or water, 5 minutes prior to a second opportunity to press a lever for an additional 20-minute access to a 10% @entity1068 solution. A second group of @entity35 were trained to press a lever to gain access to a 3% @entity969 solution, and the effects of @entity969 or water preloads were examined and compared with results in the @entity1068 group. RESULTS: In the @entity1068 group, both the @entity1068 and water preload intakes increased as preload access time increased and were not different from each other. However, @entity1068 preloads at the longer access times (60 seconds and 120 seconds) decreased subsequent @entity1068 consumption and at the highest time also affected @entity1068 -seeking behavior. Equal volumes of water intake at these longer access times had no effects on subsequent @entity1068 consumption. In the @entity969 group, @entity969 preload intakes increased as access time increased, but water preload intakes did not. Neither @entity969 nor water preloads had any effect on subsequent @entity969 consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The data failed to find any priming effect of @entity1068 preloads in terms of increased subsequent @entity1068 consumption. It appears that a major factor in the regulation of @entity1068 intake for the @entity35 in this training procedure is the postingestional effects of @entity1068 , because taste stimuli did not appear to be important. However, it appears that these @entity1068 postingestive stimuli are not identical to those involved in the regulation of @entity969 consumption.

title: Effects of self-administered @entity167 or XXXX preloads on subsequent consumption in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity969 :: (MESH:D013395,Chemical) :: ['sucrose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The initial drink of @entity167 is often conceptualized as "priming" the individual for the following drinking bout. For the alcoholic, this priming effect has been considered a key for the loss of control that then occurs. Although there have been a few animal studies examining the effects of an investigator-administered @entity1068 preload on subsequent @entity1068 self-administration, the effects of a small self-administered oral preload on subsequent consumption have not been examined. METHOD: Adult, male @entity35 , initiated to self-administer @entity1068 using the @entity969 -substitution procedure, were given brief access periods to drink @entity1068 or water, 5 minutes prior to a second opportunity to press a lever for an additional 20-minute access to a 10% @entity1068 solution. A second group of @entity35 were trained to press a lever to gain access to a 3% @entity969 solution, and the effects of @entity969 or water preloads were examined and compared with results in the @entity1068 group. RESULTS: In the @entity1068 group, both the @entity1068 and water preload intakes increased as preload access time increased and were not different from each other. However, @entity1068 preloads at the longer access times (60 seconds and 120 seconds) decreased subsequent @entity1068 consumption and at the highest time also affected @entity1068 -seeking behavior. Equal volumes of water intake at these longer access times had no effects on subsequent @entity1068 consumption. In the @entity969 group, @entity969 preload intakes increased as access time increased, but water preload intakes did not. Neither @entity969 nor water preloads had any effect on subsequent @entity969 consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The data failed to find any priming effect of @entity1068 preloads in terms of increased subsequent @entity1068 consumption. It appears that a major factor in the regulation of @entity1068 intake for the @entity35 in this training procedure is the postingestional effects of @entity1068 , because taste stimuli did not appear to be important. However, it appears that these @entity1068 postingestive stimuli are not identical to those involved in the regulation of @entity969 consumption.

title: Effects of self-administered XXXX or @entity969 preloads on subsequent consumption in the @entity35 .

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The initial drink of @entity167 is often conceptualized as "priming" the individual for the following drinking bout. For the alcoholic, this priming effect has been considered a key for the loss of control that then occurs. Although there have been a few animal studies examining the effects of an investigator-administered @entity1068 preload on subsequent @entity1068 self-administration, the effects of a small self-administered oral preload on subsequent consumption have not been examined. METHOD: Adult, male @entity35 , initiated to self-administer @entity1068 using the @entity969 -substitution procedure, were given brief access periods to drink @entity1068 or water, 5 minutes prior to a second opportunity to press a lever for an additional 20-minute access to a 10% @entity1068 solution. A second group of @entity35 were trained to press a lever to gain access to a 3% @entity969 solution, and the effects of @entity969 or water preloads were examined and compared with results in the @entity1068 group. RESULTS: In the @entity1068 group, both the @entity1068 and water preload intakes increased as preload access time increased and were not different from each other. However, @entity1068 preloads at the longer access times (60 seconds and 120 seconds) decreased subsequent @entity1068 consumption and at the highest time also affected @entity1068 -seeking behavior. Equal volumes of water intake at these longer access times had no effects on subsequent @entity1068 consumption. In the @entity969 group, @entity969 preload intakes increased as access time increased, but water preload intakes did not. Neither @entity969 nor water preloads had any effect on subsequent @entity969 consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The data failed to find any priming effect of @entity1068 preloads in terms of increased subsequent @entity1068 consumption. It appears that a major factor in the regulation of @entity1068 intake for the @entity35 in this training procedure is the postingestional effects of @entity1068 , because taste stimuli did not appear to be important. However, it appears that these @entity1068 postingestive stimuli are not identical to those involved in the regulation of @entity969 consumption.

title: Effects of self-administered @entity167 or @entity969 preloads on subsequent consumption in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity575 -coated tunneled hemodialysis catheters reduce infection and to determine the frequency of central @entity49 and @entity850 with percutaneous placement of right internal jugular vein dialysis catheters by interventional radiologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-one @entity1 were randomly assigned to a treatment ( @entity575 -coated catheter; n = 47) or control (identical catheter without @entity575 coating; n = 44) arm. Baseline venography was performed. Catheter tips were cultured and venography was repeated at catheter removal. RESULTS: Mean duration of catheter placement was 92 days. Infection occurred in 11 @entity1 (five in the treatment group, six in the control group). @entity5936 cultures in 15 @entity1 (eight treatment, seven control) were positive without @entity922 . Infection and colonization rates were slightly but not significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group. @entity575 -coated catheters in two (4%) @entity1 were removed due to reaction to the coating. Completion venograms (n = 72) showed new @entity854 in four (6%) @entity1 and @entity854 ( @entity850 , @entity715 ) in three (4%) @entity1 . Permanent @entity66 occurred in two (3%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity575 coating does not confer a benefit against @entity922 or colonization. Interventional radiologic placement of tunneled dialysis catheters yields a low frequency of permanent central @entity49 and @entity850 .

title: Tunneled hemodialysis catheters: use of a XXXX -coated catheter for prevention of infection--a randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity575 :: ('MESH:D012834', 'Chemical') :: ['Silver', 'silver']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['minor abnormalities', 'major abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical infection']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to investigate whether an elevated @entity10224 level signals @entity43 and to find the cause of @entity204 for 247 @entity1 with elevated values among the 5550 @entity1 screened in 1986-1988 in the Stockholm population. METHODS: The Swedish Regional @entity5 Registry delivered malignancy diagnoses among the 5550 @entity1 screened. The Cause of Death Registry gave the cause of @entity204 among the @entity1 with elevated @entity10224 values. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity43 were excluded. In 44 @entity1 with elevated @entity10224 values other @entity5 were reported to the @entity5 Registry. They represent 18% of the entire group with elevated values. Among the 5297 @entity1 with normal @entity10224 values 13% developed various @entity5 . The difference between incidence of @entity5 in @entity1 with elevated values and @entity1 with normal values is significant, P = 0.02. Especially during the test-related period, from 1 year before to 1 year after the test, @entity5 were detected in 6.9% of the population with elevated values and in only 1.6% with normal values (P = < 0.001). @entity0 and @entity2 were overrepresented among @entity1 with elevated @entity10224 values (P = 0.015 and < 0.001, respectively). Of the total 5500 @entity1 screened, 358 @entity1 died with different diagnoses. Elevated @entity10224 values had been noted earlier in 25 @entity1 , and of these 20 died of @entity5344 . CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic postmenopausal @entity1 with elevated @entity10224 levels in @entity43 screening trials should, if @entity43 is excluded, be investigated for possible @entity0 . The findings also suggest that elevated @entity10224 level is a risk factor for @entity204 from @entity5 .

title: The significance of serum XXXX elevation in malignant and nonmalignant diseases.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer', 'malignancies other than ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast or lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases, predominantly ovarian, breast, and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'Cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity10224 :: (94025,Gene) :: ['CA 125']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus is rampant in northern, eastern, and southern India. Central nervous system involvement in the form of @entity693 or @entity5422 is common in scrub typhus. As specific laboratory methods remain inadequate or inaccessible in developing countries, prompt diagnosis is often difficult. AIM: The aim of this study was to characterize @entity16 in scrub typhus from northeastern region of India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We did a prospective study of scrub @entity5422 at North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Medical Sciences among @entity1 admitted to hospital between October 2009 and November 2011. The diagnosis was made based on the clinical pictures, presence of an eschar, and a positive Weil-Felix test (WFT) with a titer of >1:160 and if required a positive scrub IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lumbar puncture was performed in @entity1 with @entity10 , @entity2003 , altered sensorium or @entity129 , and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain performed if needed. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 of @entity693 that were serologically confirmed were included in the study. There were 13 males and 10 females. Fever >= 1 week was the most common manifestation (39.1%). Interestingly, none had an eschar. Median cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count, lymphocyte percentage, CSF protein, CSF @entity413 /blood @entity413 , CSF ADA were 17 cells/ L, 90%, 86 mg/dL, 0.6605 and 3.6 U/mL, respectively. All @entity1 were treated with @entity3403 . There was no mortality in our study. CONCLUSIONS: Absence of Eschar does not rule out scrub typhus. Clinical features and CSF findings can mimic @entity1906 so misdiagnosis may lead to unwarranted prolonged empirical antituberculous therapy in cases of @entity5422 . Delay in treatment can be potentially fatal. WFT still serves as a useful and affordable diagnostic tool for this disease in resource-poor countries.

title: Tsutsugamushi Disease (Scrub Typhus) XXXX in North Eastern India: A Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['nuchal rigidity']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic meningoencephalitis', 'meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis', 'scrub typhus meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5422 :: (MESH:D008590,Disease) :: ['Meningoencephalitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cerebral non-invasive monitoring of @entity26 saturation by near-infrared spectroscopy (rSO2) during paediatric cardiac surgery is supposed to decrease the risk of @entity16 . Since haemoglobin level is one of the factors changing rSO2, we aimed to explore if rSO2 monitoring influences intra-operative RBC (red blood cell) transfusion threshold and volumes, as well as the duration of ICU stay. METHODS: The design was a retrospective analysis involving 91 @entity1 less than 2 years of age (including 16 neonates) with a @entity299 requiring surgical treatment with or without cardiopulmonary bypass from January 2006 to August 2009. Systematic rSO2 monitoring was introduced after September 2007 (n=56). The independent factors associated with the intra-operative transfusion threshold haemoglobin (Hb) level>9.5g/dL, total volume of intra-operative RBC transfusion<30mL/kg and ICU stay<6 days were identified by multivariate analysis logistic regression. Data were expressed as medians (25-75%). RESULTS: @entity299 and demographic characteristics were similar in both periods. Two independent factors, weight and rSO2 monitoring, were identified as independent factors associated with the three end-points. The transfusion threshold, total transfusion volume and ICU stay with and without rSO2 were 9.8 (8.9 to 10.3) versus 8.7 (8.2 to 9.6) g/dL (P<0.0001), 20 (14-49) versus 36 (22.5-51.5) mL/kg (P=0.0165) and 5 (3-8) versus 7 (5-10.7) days (P=0.0084), respectively. CONCLUSION: rSO2 monitoring changed our transfusion strategy with an earlier transfusion but a reduced total RBC volume and decreased the length of ICU stay.

title: A retrospective study about cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring during paediatric cardiac surgery and intra-operative XXXX blood management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac malformations', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']