abstract: To reduce @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 and @entity2699 @entity137 , the @entity5 and @entity1778 Group B conducted a phase 2 trial of @entity632 , @entity5713 , and @entity136 for newly diagnosed, nonbulky stages I and II @entity978 . Ninety-nine assessable @entity1 received 6 cycles of @entity632 25 mg/m(2), @entity5713 6 mg/m(2), and @entity136 800 mg/m(2) (1000 mg/m(2) in first 6) on days 1 and 15 every 28 days. Computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) were performed before and after 2 and 6 cycles. Complete remission (CR)/CR unconfirmed was achieved in 72 of 99 @entity1 (72.7%) and partial remission in 24 of 99 @entity1 (24.2%). The CR rate was 81% when using PET criteria. Two @entity1 have died of @entity978 progression. Median follow-up for nonprogressing @entity1 is 3.3 years. The progression-free survival (PFS) at 3 years was 77% (95% confidence interval, 68%-84%). The relapse rate was less than 10% for @entity1 with favorable prognostic factors. The 2-year PFS for cycle 2 PET-negative and -positive @entity1 was 88% and 54%, respectively (P = .0009), compared with 89% and 27% for cycle 6 PET-negative and -positive @entity1 (P = .0001). Although the CR rate and PFS were lower than anticipated, @entity1 with favorable prognostic features had a low rate of relapse. Cycle 2 PET and cycle 6 PET were predictive of PFS.

title: @entity632 , XXXX , and @entity136 (CALGB 50203) for stage I/II nonbulky @entity978 : pretreatment prognostic factors and interim PET.

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['vinblastine']


abstract: To reduce @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 and @entity2699 @entity137 , the @entity5 and @entity1778 Group B conducted a phase 2 trial of @entity632 , @entity5713 , and @entity136 for newly diagnosed, nonbulky stages I and II @entity978 . Ninety-nine assessable @entity1 received 6 cycles of @entity632 25 mg/m(2), @entity5713 6 mg/m(2), and @entity136 800 mg/m(2) (1000 mg/m(2) in first 6) on days 1 and 15 every 28 days. Computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) were performed before and after 2 and 6 cycles. Complete remission (CR)/CR unconfirmed was achieved in 72 of 99 @entity1 (72.7%) and partial remission in 24 of 99 @entity1 (24.2%). The CR rate was 81% when using PET criteria. Two @entity1 have died of @entity978 progression. Median follow-up for nonprogressing @entity1 is 3.3 years. The progression-free survival (PFS) at 3 years was 77% (95% confidence interval, 68%-84%). The relapse rate was less than 10% for @entity1 with favorable prognostic factors. The 2-year PFS for cycle 2 PET-negative and -positive @entity1 was 88% and 54%, respectively (P = .0009), compared with 89% and 27% for cycle 6 PET-negative and -positive @entity1 (P = .0001). Although the CR rate and PFS were lower than anticipated, @entity1 with favorable prognostic features had a low rate of relapse. Cycle 2 PET and cycle 6 PET were predictive of PFS.

title: @entity632 , @entity5713 , and XXXX (CALGB 50203) for stage I/II nonbulky @entity978 : pretreatment prognostic factors and interim PET.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation. Identification of miRNAs is crucial to understanding their biological mechanism. Recently, machine-learning approaches have been employed to predict miRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). However, features used are divergent and consequently induce different performance. Thus, feature selection is critical for pre-miRNA prediction. We generated an optimized feature subset including 13 features using a hybrid of genetic algorithm and support vector machine (GA-SVM). Based on SVM, the classification performance of the optimized feature subset is much higher than that of the two feature sets used in microPred and miPred by five-fold cross-validation. Finally, we constructed the classifier @entity11216 -SF to predict the most recently identified @entity1 pre-miRNAs in miRBase (version 16). Compared with microPred and miPred, @entity11216 -SF achieved much higher classification performance. Accuracies were 93.97%, 86.21% and 64.66% for @entity11216 -SF, microPred and miPred, respectively. Thus, @entity11216 -SF is effective for identifying pre-miRNAs.

title: Predicting XXXX microRNA precursors based on an optimized feature subset generated by GA-SVM.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Individuals with @entity1057 following @entity1545 often show biased performance on landmark bisection tasks (judging if a single item is transected at its midpoint) and search tasks (where they seek target(s) from an array of items). Interestingly, it appears that bisection deficits dissociate from other measures of neglect (including search tasks), and neglect @entity1 with bisection deficits typically have more posterior injury than those without these symptoms. While previous studies in healthy adults have examined each of these tasks independently, our aim was to directly contrast brain activity between these two tasks. Our design used displays that were interpreted as landmark bisection stimuli in some blocks of trials and as search arrays on other trials. Therefore, we used a design where low-level perceptual and motor responses were identical across tasks. Both tasks generated significant activity in bilateral midfusiform gyrus, largely right lateralized activity in the posterior parietal cortex, left lateralized activity in the left motor cortex (consistent with right handed response) and generally right lateralized insular activation. Several brain areas showed task-selective activations when the two tasks were directly compared. Specifically, the superior parietal cortex was selectively activated during the landmark task. On the other hand, the search task caused stronger bilateral activation in the anterior insula, along with midfusiform gyrus, medial superior frontal areas, thalamus and right putamen. This work demonstrates that healthy adults show an anatomical dissociation for @entity227 and bisection behavior similar to that reported in neurological @entity1 , and provides coordinates for future brain stimulation studies.

title: Distinct anatomy for XXXX and bisection: a neuroimaging study.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual search']

entities_list: @entity1057 :: ('MESH:D058069', 'Disease') :: ['spatial neglect']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual search']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are still no definite treatments for refractory @entity573 ( @entity573 ). In this pilot study, we evaluated the use of @entity205 (CyA) treatment in @entity1 with refractory @entity573 . METHODS: We prospectively collected clinical data of CyA treatment (4-8 mg/kg/d, oral administration) for refractory @entity573 @entity1 using the same protocol among several hospitals. @entity573 is defined as the persistence or recurrence of @entity221 (37.5  C or more of an axillary temperature) at the end of the second intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg) following the initial one. RESULTS: Subjects were enrolled out of 329 @entity573 @entity1 who were admitted to our 8 hospitals between January 2008 and June 2010. Among a total of 28 @entity1 of refractory @entity573 treated with CyA, 18 (64.3%) responded promptly to be afebrile within 3 days and had decreased @entity1851 levels, the other 4 became afebrile within 4 to 5 days. However, 6 @entity1 (21.4%) failed to become afebrile within 5 days after the start of CyA and/or high @entity221 returned after becoming afebrile within 5 days. Although @entity4144 developed in 9 @entity1 at 3 to 7 days after the start of CyA treatment, there were no serious adverse effects such as @entity943 . Four @entity1 (1.2%), 2 before and the other 2 after the start of CyA treatment, developed @entity453 . CONCLUSION: CyA treatment is considered safe and well tolerated, and a promising option for @entity1 with refractory @entity573 . Further investigations will be needed to clarify optimal dose, safety, and timing of CyA treatment.

title: XXXX treatment for @entity573 refractory to initial and additional intravenous immunoglobulin.

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease', 'Refractory KD']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arterial lesions']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are still no definite treatments for refractory @entity573 ( @entity573 ). In this pilot study, we evaluated the use of @entity205 (CyA) treatment in @entity1 with refractory @entity573 . METHODS: We prospectively collected clinical data of CyA treatment (4-8 mg/kg/d, oral administration) for refractory @entity573 @entity1 using the same protocol among several hospitals. @entity573 is defined as the persistence or recurrence of @entity221 (37.5  C or more of an axillary temperature) at the end of the second intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg) following the initial one. RESULTS: Subjects were enrolled out of 329 @entity573 @entity1 who were admitted to our 8 hospitals between January 2008 and June 2010. Among a total of 28 @entity1 of refractory @entity573 treated with CyA, 18 (64.3%) responded promptly to be afebrile within 3 days and had decreased @entity1851 levels, the other 4 became afebrile within 4 to 5 days. However, 6 @entity1 (21.4%) failed to become afebrile within 5 days after the start of CyA and/or high @entity221 returned after becoming afebrile within 5 days. Although @entity4144 developed in 9 @entity1 at 3 to 7 days after the start of CyA treatment, there were no serious adverse effects such as @entity943 . Four @entity1 (1.2%), 2 before and the other 2 after the start of CyA treatment, developed @entity453 . CONCLUSION: CyA treatment is considered safe and well tolerated, and a promising option for @entity1 with refractory @entity573 . Further investigations will be needed to clarify optimal dose, safety, and timing of CyA treatment.

title: @entity205 treatment for XXXX refractory to initial and additional intravenous immunoglobulin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: The effects of magnetic stimulation on @entity1566 -induced migration of white matter astrocytes were studied using an established animal model. @entity5611 was injected into the dorsal spinal cord funiculus of adult @entity35 on the left side at T10-11. Animals then received 1.52 Tesla-pulsed magnetic stimulation for 5 min at different frequencies (0-20 Hz) for 14 consecutive days. Selected animals received the non-competitive @entity19871 inhibitor @entity5732 (10 microM), prior to stimulation at 10 Hz. Lesion volumes were measured in @entity1710 / @entity1711 -stained sections. Expression of @entity40 ( @entity40 ), @entity19744 ( @entity19744 ) and extra-cellular signal-regulated kinasel/2 ( @entity2508 ) near the @entity130 was examined by Western blotting with quantification using an image analysis system. Lesion volumes decreased and @entity40 and p- @entity2508 expression increased with increasing magnetic stimulation frequency (0-10 Hz). @entity19744 expression was not affected at any frequency. Pretreatment with @entity5732 reduced @entity40 and @entity2508 expression and increased lesion volumes in response to stimulation at 10 Hz. It is concluded that magnetic stimulation increases the migration of astrocytes to @entity602 . Activation of the @entity2508 signaling pathway is proposed to mediate astrocyte migration and @entity66 formation in response to @entity1566 .

title: @entity1566 -induced astrocyte migration and XXXX formation: effects of magnetic stimulation frequency.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial scar']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity19744 :: ('25595(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule associated protein-2', 'MAP-2']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['epicenter of injury']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['glial scar']


abstract: The effects of magnetic stimulation on @entity1566 -induced migration of white matter astrocytes were studied using an established animal model. @entity5611 was injected into the dorsal spinal cord funiculus of adult @entity35 on the left side at T10-11. Animals then received 1.52 Tesla-pulsed magnetic stimulation for 5 min at different frequencies (0-20 Hz) for 14 consecutive days. Selected animals received the non-competitive @entity19871 inhibitor @entity5732 (10 microM), prior to stimulation at 10 Hz. Lesion volumes were measured in @entity1710 / @entity1711 -stained sections. Expression of @entity40 ( @entity40 ), @entity19744 ( @entity19744 ) and extra-cellular signal-regulated kinasel/2 ( @entity2508 ) near the @entity130 was examined by Western blotting with quantification using an image analysis system. Lesion volumes decreased and @entity40 and p- @entity2508 expression increased with increasing magnetic stimulation frequency (0-10 Hz). @entity19744 expression was not affected at any frequency. Pretreatment with @entity5732 reduced @entity40 and @entity2508 expression and increased lesion volumes in response to stimulation at 10 Hz. It is concluded that magnetic stimulation increases the migration of astrocytes to @entity602 . Activation of the @entity2508 signaling pathway is proposed to mediate astrocyte migration and @entity66 formation in response to @entity1566 .

title: XXXX -induced astrocyte migration and @entity66 formation: effects of magnetic stimulation frequency.

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal cord injury']


abstract: A phase II trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of a double modulation of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) by @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity4181 (LV) as first line chemotherapy in advanced @entity14 . Between January 1990, and April 1992, 42 @entity1 with metastatic or advanced recurrent (inoperable) @entity14 were entered into the study. Therapy consisted of a sequential combination of @entity1500 , LV and @entity1487 . @entity1500 was administered at a dose of 150 mg/m2 over 20 minutes I.V. infusion at hour (h) 0, followed 19 h later by LV 50 mg/m2 over 2 h infusion. @entity1487 900 mg/m2 was given by I.V. push injection at h 20. Starting 24 h after @entity1500 administration all @entity1 received LV 15 mg/m2 intramuscularly every 6 h for six doses. Treatment was repeated every 15 days until progressive disease, severe @entity137 , or @entity204 . Four @entity1 were considered not evaluable for response. Objective regression (OR) was observed in 14 of 38 @entity1 (37%, 95% confidence interval 23-53%). Two @entity1 (5%) obtained complete response (CR) and 12 (32%) partial response (PR). Median time to treatment failure was 6 months (range 1-21). Median survival for the whole group of @entity1 was 13 months (range 1-27). @entity137 was within acceptable limits but one therapy-related @entity204 due to severe @entity1431 and @entity295 was observed. Double modulation of @entity1487 with @entity1500 and low dose of LV is an active regimen against advanced @entity14 and represents a promising strategy that should be further explored.

title: Double-modulation of @entity1487 by XXXX and @entity4181 in advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: A phase II trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of a double modulation of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) by @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity4181 (LV) as first line chemotherapy in advanced @entity14 . Between January 1990, and April 1992, 42 @entity1 with metastatic or advanced recurrent (inoperable) @entity14 were entered into the study. Therapy consisted of a sequential combination of @entity1500 , LV and @entity1487 . @entity1500 was administered at a dose of 150 mg/m2 over 20 minutes I.V. infusion at hour (h) 0, followed 19 h later by LV 50 mg/m2 over 2 h infusion. @entity1487 900 mg/m2 was given by I.V. push injection at h 20. Starting 24 h after @entity1500 administration all @entity1 received LV 15 mg/m2 intramuscularly every 6 h for six doses. Treatment was repeated every 15 days until progressive disease, severe @entity137 , or @entity204 . Four @entity1 were considered not evaluable for response. Objective regression (OR) was observed in 14 of 38 @entity1 (37%, 95% confidence interval 23-53%). Two @entity1 (5%) obtained complete response (CR) and 12 (32%) partial response (PR). Median time to treatment failure was 6 months (range 1-21). Median survival for the whole group of @entity1 was 13 months (range 1-27). @entity137 was within acceptable limits but one therapy-related @entity204 due to severe @entity1431 and @entity295 was observed. Double modulation of @entity1487 with @entity1500 and low dose of LV is an active regimen against advanced @entity14 and represents a promising strategy that should be further explored.

title: Double-modulation of @entity1487 by @entity1499 and XXXX in advanced @entity14 .

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: A phase II trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of a double modulation of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) by @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity4181 (LV) as first line chemotherapy in advanced @entity14 . Between January 1990, and April 1992, 42 @entity1 with metastatic or advanced recurrent (inoperable) @entity14 were entered into the study. Therapy consisted of a sequential combination of @entity1500 , LV and @entity1487 . @entity1500 was administered at a dose of 150 mg/m2 over 20 minutes I.V. infusion at hour (h) 0, followed 19 h later by LV 50 mg/m2 over 2 h infusion. @entity1487 900 mg/m2 was given by I.V. push injection at h 20. Starting 24 h after @entity1500 administration all @entity1 received LV 15 mg/m2 intramuscularly every 6 h for six doses. Treatment was repeated every 15 days until progressive disease, severe @entity137 , or @entity204 . Four @entity1 were considered not evaluable for response. Objective regression (OR) was observed in 14 of 38 @entity1 (37%, 95% confidence interval 23-53%). Two @entity1 (5%) obtained complete response (CR) and 12 (32%) partial response (PR). Median time to treatment failure was 6 months (range 1-21). Median survival for the whole group of @entity1 was 13 months (range 1-27). @entity137 was within acceptable limits but one therapy-related @entity204 due to severe @entity1431 and @entity295 was observed. Double modulation of @entity1487 with @entity1500 and low dose of LV is an active regimen against advanced @entity14 and represents a promising strategy that should be further explored.

title: Double-modulation of @entity1487 by @entity1499 and @entity4181 in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal-carcinoma']


abstract: A phase II trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of a double modulation of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) by @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity4181 (LV) as first line chemotherapy in advanced @entity14 . Between January 1990, and April 1992, 42 @entity1 with metastatic or advanced recurrent (inoperable) @entity14 were entered into the study. Therapy consisted of a sequential combination of @entity1500 , LV and @entity1487 . @entity1500 was administered at a dose of 150 mg/m2 over 20 minutes I.V. infusion at hour (h) 0, followed 19 h later by LV 50 mg/m2 over 2 h infusion. @entity1487 900 mg/m2 was given by I.V. push injection at h 20. Starting 24 h after @entity1500 administration all @entity1 received LV 15 mg/m2 intramuscularly every 6 h for six doses. Treatment was repeated every 15 days until progressive disease, severe @entity137 , or @entity204 . Four @entity1 were considered not evaluable for response. Objective regression (OR) was observed in 14 of 38 @entity1 (37%, 95% confidence interval 23-53%). Two @entity1 (5%) obtained complete response (CR) and 12 (32%) partial response (PR). Median time to treatment failure was 6 months (range 1-21). Median survival for the whole group of @entity1 was 13 months (range 1-27). @entity137 was within acceptable limits but one therapy-related @entity204 due to severe @entity1431 and @entity295 was observed. Double modulation of @entity1487 with @entity1500 and low dose of LV is an active regimen against advanced @entity14 and represents a promising strategy that should be further explored.

title: Double-modulation of XXXX by @entity1499 and @entity4181 in advanced @entity14 .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-Fluorouracil']


abstract: Age is the most accepted prognostic factor in @entity259 . Other parameters, such as @entity5 size, grading, extrathyroidal extension, have also been associated with the prognosis of these @entity5 . Since the identification of reliable prognostic factors is essential to avoid unnecessary aggressive treatment for a disease, such as @entity259 , which only rarely is fatal, we studied two indices of cell proliferation in @entity1 with @entity259 , in relation to their outcome. We studied two groups of @entity1 with @entity259 , selected in a way to have one group (33 @entity1 ) with a good outcome and one (16 @entity1 ) with a fatal outcome, after a follow-up of at least 5 years. By immunohistochemistry the @entity5 of all @entity1 were analyzed for the expression of the @entity1364 ( @entity1364 )/ @entity1364 . In 38 (77.5%) of them also the nuclear DNA content and the percentages of S-phases were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. At diagnosis the two groups of @entity1 differed significantly with regard to age and extrathyroidal extension, but not for @entity5 size and grading. A significant difference (p=0.02) was found in the positivity of @entity1364 / @entity1364 expression between the fatal outcome group (66.6%) and the surviving @entity1 (27%), and in the percentage of cells in the S-phase, 16.4+/-7.7% in the fatal outcome group @entity1 and 6.0+/-2.6% in the surviving @entity1 (p=0.0001). No difference was found in the nuclear DNA content of the two groups. A positive correlation was found between @entity1364 expression and S-phase (r(s)=0.55; p<0.001). A positive correlation was found between age and both the percentage of S-phase cells (r(s)=0.48; p<0.002) and @entity1364 expression (r(s)=0.36; p<0.009). In a multivariate analysis (Cox model) age and S-phase had independent prognostic significance (regression coefficient: 3.85 and 1.70, respectively), while @entity1364 was not an independent variable (0.98). Our results indicate that differentiated @entity259 with fatal outcome are characterized by two parameters of active cell proliferation (S-phase cell fraction and @entity1364 expression), which can be used as useful prognostic factors.

title: Markers of cell-proliferation as prognostic factors in differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors', 'thyroid carcinoma', 'differentiated thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA', 'cyclin']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid-cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small RNA (sRNA) regulatory pathways (SRRPs) are important to anti-viral defence in mosquitoes. To identify critical features of the @entity778 process in @entity779 (DENV2)-infected Ae. aegypti, we deep-sequenced small non-coding RNAs. Triplicate biological replicates were used so that rigorous statistical metrics could be applied. RESULTS: In addition to virus-derived siRNAs (20-23 nts) previously reported for other arbovirus-infected mosquitoes, we show that @entity15660 pathway sRNAs (piRNAs) (24-30 nts) and unusually small RNAs (usRNAs) (13-19 nts) are produced in DENV-infected mosquitoes. We demonstrate that a major catalytic enzyme of the siRNA pathway, @entity2037 ( @entity2037 ), co-migrates with a ~1 megadalton complex in adults prior to bloodfeeding. sRNAs were cloned and sequenced from @entity2037 immunoprecipitations. Viral sRNA patterns change over the course of @entity281 . Host sRNAs were mapped to the published aedine transcriptome and subjected to analysis using edgeR (Bioconductor). We found that sRNA profiles are altered early in DENV2 @entity281 , and mRNA targets from mitochondrial, transcription/translation, and transport functional categories are affected. Moreover, small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as tRNAs, spliceosomal U RNAs, and snoRNAs are highly enriched in DENV-infected samples at 2 and 4 dpi. CONCLUSIONS: These data implicate the @entity15660 pathway in anti-viral defense. Changes to host sRNA profiles indicate that specific cellular processes are affected during DENV @entity281 , such as mitochondrial function and @entity15661 levels. Together, these data provide important progress in understanding the DENV2 @entity281 process in Ae. aegypti.

title: Small RNA profiling of Dengue virus-mosquito interactions implicates the XXXX RNA pathway in anti-viral defense.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue serotype 2']

answer: @entity15660 :: (9271,Gene) :: ['PIWI']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza super-strains can emerge through recombination of strains from birds, @entity1707 , and @entity1 . However, once a new recombinant strain emerges, it is not clear whether the strain is capable of sustaining an outbreak. In certain cases, such strains have caused major @entity683 pandemics. METHODS: Here we develop a multi-host (i.e., birds, @entity1707 , and @entity1 ) and multi-strain model of @entity683 to analyze the outcome of emergent strains. In the model, @entity1707 act as "mixing vessels" for avian and @entity1 strains and can produce super-strains from genetic recombination. RESULTS: We find that epidemiological outcomes are predicted by three factors: (i) contact between @entity1707 and @entity1 , (ii) transmissibility of the super-strain in @entity1 , and (iii) transmissibility from @entity1707 to @entity1 . Specifically, outbreaks will reoccur when the super-strain @entity281 are less frequent between @entity1 (e.g., R0=1.4) but frequent from @entity1707 to @entity1 , and a large-scale outbreak followed by successively damping outbreaks will occur when @entity1 transmissibility is high (e.g., R0=2.3). The average time between the initial outbreak and the first resurgence varies from 41 to 82 years. We determine the largest outbreak will occur when 2.3 <R0 < 3.8 and the highest cumulative @entity281 occur when 0 <R0 < 3.0 and is dependent on the frequency of @entity1707 -to- @entity1 @entity281 for lower R0 values (0 <R0 < 1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide insights on the effect of species interactions on the dynamics of @entity683 super-strains. Counter intuitively, epidemics may occur in @entity1 even if the transmissibility of a super-strain is low. Surprisingly, our modeling shows strains that have generated past epidemics (e.g., H1N1) could resurge decades after they have apparently disappeared.

title: Emergence and dynamics of XXXX super-strains.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present a rare cause of @entity158 , and the differential diagnosis of a lesion of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. CASE REPORT: A 19-year-old @entity1 presented to a tertiary referral skull base centre with right periorbital @entity158 and a progressive, right-sided deficit of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. Clinical examination revealed right-sided hypoaesthesia in the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve dermatome, mild trismus and some wasting of the right masseter muscle. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed a small area of mildly enhancing soft tissue centred within the foramen ovale, with concentric enlargement. Surgery was undertaken via an infratemporal fossa (Fisch) type D approach. @entity455 was found filling the foramen ovale, with no obvious nerve separate from the lesion. The lesion was removed en bloc. Histopathological analysis demonstrated a @entity1211 within the nerve. CONCLUSION: @entity158 is common, and may be wrongly attributed to trigeminal @entity9 . A thorough clinical examination must be performed to identify subtle @entity16 , and appropriate imaging undertaken to exclude rare causes, such as this @entity1211 of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

title: XXXX of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['A vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Facial pain', 'facial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous haemangioma']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous haemangioma']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to present a rare @entity5 of neural origin located in the orbit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors describe case of six-year-old @entity1 with @entity5 of the right orbit, upper eyelid and right zygomatic fossa. Medical history revealed gradually increasing in size, painless @entity5 . Before admission to the hospital computed tomography was taken to assess the size, localization of the @entity5 and to plan the proper treatment. RESULTS: The @entity1 was operated on using Kr  nlein approach. @entity5 was removed in macroscopically radical limits without need to incise the muscles responsible for eye movement. Histopathological examination revealed: @entity28045 , classic type. During one year follow-up there was no recurrence. CONCLUSION: @entity28045 may occur in young @entity1 in eyelid and orbit. A unique localization of @entity28045 in the orbit, close to the lacrimal gland shows that this kind of histopatological @entity5 may infiltrate deeper tissues. Surgical treatment of @entity28045 is the same as in other @entity5 .

title: [ XXXX of the orbit].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'benign tumours', 'benign tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boy', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity28045 :: ('MESH:D018321', 'Disease') :: ['neurothekeoma', 'Neurothekeoma']

answer: @entity28045 :: (MESH:D018321,Disease) :: ['Neurothekeoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: GreenLight HPS    laser photoselective vaporization prostatectomy ( @entity12468 ) is a treatment option for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to @entity1067 . We review our experience using the 120 W GreenLight HPS laser system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated our experience with GreenLight HPS laser @entity12468 . All @entity1 who failed medical therapy underwent GreenLight HPS laser @entity12468 (C.W.). All had American Urological Association Symptom Score, Quality of Life score, Sexual Health Inventory for @entity1 , American Society of Anesthesiologists risk score, serum @entity1486 , maximum flow rate, and postvoid residual determinations and volumetric measurements with transrectal ultrasonography. Transurethral @entity12468 was performed using a GreenLight HPS side-firing laser system. RESULTS: 170 consecutive @entity1 were identified, having a mean age of 67.4  9.5 years. The mean prostate volume was 65.3  36.7    mL and mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 2.3  0.7. Mean laser time, operating time, and energy usage were 14.1  10.5 minutes, 33.5  24.7 minutes, and 95.0  72.3    kJ, respectively. All were outpatient procedures with 100 (58.8%) @entity1 catheter-free at discharge. 35 (20.5%) and 26 (15.3%) @entity1 had follow-up of 24 and 36 months, respectively. Eight (4.7%) @entity1 developed a @entity293 . No @entity1494 contracture or urethral stricture were reported. American Urological Association Symptom Score, Quality of Life, maximum flow rate, and postvoid residual showed immediate and stable improvement from baseline (p<0.05) that has been durable to 36 months. The Sexual Health Inventory for @entity1 score did not change postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Our intermediate results suggest that GreenLight HPS laser @entity12468 is safe, effective, and durable for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to @entity1067 .

title: Intermediate outcomes of GreenLight HPS    laser photoselective vaporization prostatectomy for symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: The etiopathogenesis of @entity370 , a systemic @entity738 , still remains obscure. A multitude of organs have been described to be affected in systemic @entity370 . Skeletal muscles may also be affected, leading to @entity925 and @entity425 . A workup of the specific immune response with emphasis on the macrophage response is provided herein. Affected muscle tissue from seven @entity1 with systemic @entity370 was analyzed and compared with that from seven @entity1 with other @entity121 containing macrophagocytic infiltration. Monocytes/macrophages and giant cells in granulomas of muscle tissue from @entity1 with @entity370 show a status of alternative activation (M2) based on their expression of @entity14452 , @entity5218 , @entity72965 as a consequence of a functionally type 2 helper T cell (Th2)-biased cytokine profile. Significant @entity82 and up-regulation of @entity11602 were associated with the M2 phenotype of macrophages. Conversely, up-regulated @entity1198 cytokines did not result in significant classical activation of macrophages (M1), with poor inducible @entity842 synthase and @entity3840 production. Giant cell formation was further associated with up-regulated expression of DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12; gene symbol @entity9656 ). Functionally, alternative activation of macrophages on the basis of a Th2-biased immune response may induce clinical symptoms and chronic evolution of @entity4094 . This is the first characterization of Th2-mediated immune mechanisms in @entity4094 suggesting that a specific macrophage activation status leading to myofibrosis may be a key event in the pathogenesis of this disease.

title: M2 polarized macrophages and giant cells contribute to myofibrosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity72965 :: ('383;8651', 'Gene') :: ['arginase-1, and suppressor of cytokine signaling-1']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathies']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular sarcoidosis']


abstract: An 82-year-old female underwent emergency surgery for right femoral @entity547 under general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with @entity1937 and @entity1875 . Her laboratory data showed severe @entity1371 (1.83 mEq x l(-1)) and @entity5838 (HCO3 36.9 mmol x l(-1)). We suspected that the causes of such abnormalities were due to an @entity854 , but we could not ascertain the actual cause. Drip infusion of @entity2827 and saline solution infusion, to avoid supplying @entity880 or @entity598 , the source of @entity3157 ions, were chosen for palliative treatment. No adverse event occurred during surgery. After surgery, endocrinological functions were examined. Primary aldosteronism was ruled out because serum @entity1369 and rennin activity were within normal ranges. The @entity1 had been taking a Kampo preparation, Shakuyaku-kanzo-to, for two years. @entity11950 , the main component of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to, has been reported to be a cause of @entity19966 by inhibiting the enzyme converting @entity701 to @entity821 . With these findings we confirmed that severe @entity1371 was induced by @entity19966 by long-term administration of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to.

title: [Case of severe XXXX during emergency surgery caused by long-term administration of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to].

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity11950 :: ('MESH:D019695', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycyrrhizin']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinological abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['incarcerated hernia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity19966 :: ('MESH:D056929', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1371 :: (MESH:D007008,Disease) :: ['hypokalemia']


abstract: We administered anesthesia for a 20-month-old @entity1 with @entity5656 who underwent orthopedic syndactyly repair on two occasions. Anesthetic considerations include the difficult fixation of the tracheal tube and iv cannulas and the risk of @entity2332 . Intravenous access placement was also difficult due to the @entity5656 and the @entity85 . In the first surgery, pharyngeal temperature fell to 34.4 degrees C despite the use of the 37 degrees C circulating water mattress and room temperature set to 26 degrees C. It gradually returned to 36 degrees C during the surgery. We applied Steri-Strip compound @entity66742 tincture to the skin to increase adhesiveness before taping the tracheal tube. It resulted in a good fixation but difficult removal. In the second surgery, we fixed the tracheal tube with a tube holder which enabled the fixation without the use of adhesive tapes to the skin. To maintain body temperature we used forced air warming device Bair Huggar, which was very useful to avoid @entity2332 but resulting in a rather high body temperature. In conclusion, a tube holder was an effective device to fix the tracheal tube in this @entity1 . Forced air warming device was useful to prevent @entity2332 .

title: [Anesthetic considerations for a @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma', 'hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of extremities']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity5656 :: (MESH:D017488,Disease) :: ['non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma']


abstract: We administered anesthesia for a 20-month-old @entity1 with @entity5656 who underwent orthopedic syndactyly repair on two occasions. Anesthetic considerations include the difficult fixation of the tracheal tube and iv cannulas and the risk of @entity2332 . Intravenous access placement was also difficult due to the @entity5656 and the @entity85 . In the first surgery, pharyngeal temperature fell to 34.4 degrees C despite the use of the 37 degrees C circulating water mattress and room temperature set to 26 degrees C. It gradually returned to 36 degrees C during the surgery. We applied Steri-Strip compound @entity66742 tincture to the skin to increase adhesiveness before taping the tracheal tube. It resulted in a good fixation but difficult removal. In the second surgery, we fixed the tracheal tube with a tube holder which enabled the fixation without the use of adhesive tapes to the skin. To maintain body temperature we used forced air warming device Bair Huggar, which was very useful to avoid @entity2332 but resulting in a rather high body temperature. In conclusion, a tube holder was an effective device to fix the tracheal tube in this @entity1 . Forced air warming device was useful to prevent @entity2332 .

title: [Anesthetic considerations for a XXXX with @entity5656 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical resection for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) with suprahepatic inferior vena cava @entity5 @entity715 is associated with significant morbidity, yet there are currently no tools for preoperative prognostic evaluation. Our goal was to develop a preoperative multivariable model for prediction of survival and risk of major complications in @entity1 with suprahepatic thrombi. METHODS: We identified @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity1358 with @entity5 @entity715 extension from 2000 to 2013 at 4 tertiary centers. A Cox proportional hazard model was used for analysis of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and logistic regression was used for major complications within 90 days of surgery (Clavien>= 3A). Nomograms were internally calibrated by bootstrap resampling method. RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity1 with level III @entity715 and 83 @entity1 with level IV @entity715 were identified. During median follow-up of 24.5 months, 80 @entity1 (60.6%) died and 46 @entity1 (34.8%) experienced major complication. Independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 included distant @entity3 at presentation (hazard ratio = 2.52, P = 0.002) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (hazard ratio = 1.84, P<0.0001). Variables associated with increased risk of major complications on univariate analysis included preoperative systemic symptoms, level IV @entity715 , and elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase and @entity5906 transaminase levels; however, only systemic symptoms (odds ratio = 8.45, P<0.0001) was an independent prognostic factor. Preoperative nomograms achieved a concordance index of 0.72 for @entity1349 and 0.83 for major complications. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed and internally validated multivariable preoperative models for the prediction of survival and major complications in @entity1 with @entity1358 who have a suprahepatic inferior vena cava @entity715 . If externally validated, these tools may aid in @entity1 selection for surgical intervention.

title: Preoperative multivariable prognostic models for prediction of survival and major complications following surgical resection of XXXX with suprahepatic caval @entity5 @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'suprahepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical resection for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) with suprahepatic inferior vena cava @entity5 @entity715 is associated with significant morbidity, yet there are currently no tools for preoperative prognostic evaluation. Our goal was to develop a preoperative multivariable model for prediction of survival and risk of major complications in @entity1 with suprahepatic thrombi. METHODS: We identified @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity1358 with @entity5 @entity715 extension from 2000 to 2013 at 4 tertiary centers. A Cox proportional hazard model was used for analysis of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and logistic regression was used for major complications within 90 days of surgery (Clavien>= 3A). Nomograms were internally calibrated by bootstrap resampling method. RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity1 with level III @entity715 and 83 @entity1 with level IV @entity715 were identified. During median follow-up of 24.5 months, 80 @entity1 (60.6%) died and 46 @entity1 (34.8%) experienced major complication. Independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 included distant @entity3 at presentation (hazard ratio = 2.52, P = 0.002) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (hazard ratio = 1.84, P<0.0001). Variables associated with increased risk of major complications on univariate analysis included preoperative systemic symptoms, level IV @entity715 , and elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase and @entity5906 transaminase levels; however, only systemic symptoms (odds ratio = 8.45, P<0.0001) was an independent prognostic factor. Preoperative nomograms achieved a concordance index of 0.72 for @entity1349 and 0.83 for major complications. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed and internally validated multivariable preoperative models for the prediction of survival and major complications in @entity1 with @entity1358 who have a suprahepatic inferior vena cava @entity715 . If externally validated, these tools may aid in @entity1 selection for surgical intervention.

title: Preoperative multivariable prognostic models for prediction of survival and major complications following surgical resection of @entity1358 with suprahepatic caval XXXX @entity715 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical resection for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) with suprahepatic inferior vena cava @entity5 @entity715 is associated with significant morbidity, yet there are currently no tools for preoperative prognostic evaluation. Our goal was to develop a preoperative multivariable model for prediction of survival and risk of major complications in @entity1 with suprahepatic thrombi. METHODS: We identified @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity1358 with @entity5 @entity715 extension from 2000 to 2013 at 4 tertiary centers. A Cox proportional hazard model was used for analysis of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and logistic regression was used for major complications within 90 days of surgery (Clavien>= 3A). Nomograms were internally calibrated by bootstrap resampling method. RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity1 with level III @entity715 and 83 @entity1 with level IV @entity715 were identified. During median follow-up of 24.5 months, 80 @entity1 (60.6%) died and 46 @entity1 (34.8%) experienced major complication. Independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 included distant @entity3 at presentation (hazard ratio = 2.52, P = 0.002) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (hazard ratio = 1.84, P<0.0001). Variables associated with increased risk of major complications on univariate analysis included preoperative systemic symptoms, level IV @entity715 , and elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase and @entity5906 transaminase levels; however, only systemic symptoms (odds ratio = 8.45, P<0.0001) was an independent prognostic factor. Preoperative nomograms achieved a concordance index of 0.72 for @entity1349 and 0.83 for major complications. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed and internally validated multivariable preoperative models for the prediction of survival and major complications in @entity1 with @entity1358 who have a suprahepatic inferior vena cava @entity715 . If externally validated, these tools may aid in @entity1 selection for surgical intervention.

title: Preoperative multivariable prognostic models for prediction of survival and major complications following surgical resection of @entity1358 with suprahepatic caval @entity5 XXXX .

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated symptoms and tests performed prior to a formal diagnosis of @entity30 and the reasons for diagnostic delay. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 recently diagnosed with @entity30 were enrolled between October 2012 and November 2013. Clinical data, symptoms including Rome III criteria at onset and at diagnosis, location and disease phenotype were recorded. Faecal calprotectin, radiological and endoscopic examinations performed prior to diagnosis were analysed. Diagnostic delay, stratified into tertiles and median time, was analysed using parametric and nonparametric tests. RESULTS: 83 @entity1 (49.4% males, median age 31 years) were enrolled. The median diagnostic delay was 8 (0-324) months. Twenty-six @entity1 did not consult a general practitioner until diagnosis (31.3%), 18 presented to the emergency department (21.7%) and 8 directly to a gastroenterologist (9.6%). Diagnostic delay was not associated with specific symptoms. However, @entity1 with bloating at presentation had a longer delay compared to those who did not (median, 6.1 vs. 16.8 months, respectively; p=0.016). Nineteen @entity1 underwent incomplete ileocolonoscopies (22.9%) and 7 had no biopsies (8.4%), with a consequent diagnostic delay (median, 24 and 24 vs. 6 months, respectively; p=0.025 and p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Diagnostic delay for @entity30 is significantly associated with incomplete ileocolonoscopies, but not with symptoms, except bloating at presentation.

title: The impact of symptoms, irritable bowel syndrome pattern and diagnostic investigations on the diagnostic delay of XXXX : A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of topical therapy in the treatment of @entity31 has declined in recent years despite evidence of good efficacy. AIMS: To review US prescription trends for @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) since the US approval of Asacol extended-release oral @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) in 1992; to estimate the optimal level of @entity3504 exposure in the distal colon; to determine factors influencing distal colonic exposures; and to compare the effectiveness of different @entity3504 formulations (oral, topical suspension, foam, suppositories) in clinical trials. METHODS: Review of clinical trials, physiologic studies and prescription trends of various @entity2983 formulations for treatment of distal @entity31 . RESULTS: Between 1992 and 2009, prescriptions for oral @entity2983 increased sixfold, whereas topical suspensions declined by 10%. In clinical trials, topical therapy resulted in higher remission and clinical response rates than oral therapy, with trends to earlier improvement. The mucosal concentrations of @entity3504 achieved by topical agents in the distal colon were up to 200-fold higher than those achieved by oral administration alone. Despite active colitis, over 40% of a topically administered 4 g @entity3504 suspension (equal to 1.6 g) reached the sigmoid colon. This likely represents a therapeutic exposure of @entity3504 . Although topical therapies are less convenient than oral medications, treatment algorithms have failed to take into account quality of life improvements resulting from more rapid and complete treatment response. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity2983 therapy is superior to oral therapy in distal @entity31 for both therapeutic response and drug delivery. Practice patterns should be re-evaluated in light of this information.

title: Review article: delivery and efficacy of topical @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) therapy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid', 'mesalazine', 'mesalamine']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of topical therapy in the treatment of @entity31 has declined in recent years despite evidence of good efficacy. AIMS: To review US prescription trends for @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) since the US approval of Asacol extended-release oral @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) in 1992; to estimate the optimal level of @entity3504 exposure in the distal colon; to determine factors influencing distal colonic exposures; and to compare the effectiveness of different @entity3504 formulations (oral, topical suspension, foam, suppositories) in clinical trials. METHODS: Review of clinical trials, physiologic studies and prescription trends of various @entity2983 formulations for treatment of distal @entity31 . RESULTS: Between 1992 and 2009, prescriptions for oral @entity2983 increased sixfold, whereas topical suspensions declined by 10%. In clinical trials, topical therapy resulted in higher remission and clinical response rates than oral therapy, with trends to earlier improvement. The mucosal concentrations of @entity3504 achieved by topical agents in the distal colon were up to 200-fold higher than those achieved by oral administration alone. Despite active colitis, over 40% of a topically administered 4 g @entity3504 suspension (equal to 1.6 g) reached the sigmoid colon. This likely represents a therapeutic exposure of @entity3504 . Although topical therapies are less convenient than oral medications, treatment algorithms have failed to take into account quality of life improvements resulting from more rapid and complete treatment response. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity2983 therapy is superior to oral therapy in distal @entity31 for both therapeutic response and drug delivery. Practice patterns should be re-evaluated in light of this information.

title: Review article: delivery and efficacy of topical XXXX ( @entity2983 ) therapy in the treatment of @entity31 .

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of topical therapy in the treatment of @entity31 has declined in recent years despite evidence of good efficacy. AIMS: To review US prescription trends for @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) since the US approval of Asacol extended-release oral @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) in 1992; to estimate the optimal level of @entity3504 exposure in the distal colon; to determine factors influencing distal colonic exposures; and to compare the effectiveness of different @entity3504 formulations (oral, topical suspension, foam, suppositories) in clinical trials. METHODS: Review of clinical trials, physiologic studies and prescription trends of various @entity2983 formulations for treatment of distal @entity31 . RESULTS: Between 1992 and 2009, prescriptions for oral @entity2983 increased sixfold, whereas topical suspensions declined by 10%. In clinical trials, topical therapy resulted in higher remission and clinical response rates than oral therapy, with trends to earlier improvement. The mucosal concentrations of @entity3504 achieved by topical agents in the distal colon were up to 200-fold higher than those achieved by oral administration alone. Despite active colitis, over 40% of a topically administered 4 g @entity3504 suspension (equal to 1.6 g) reached the sigmoid colon. This likely represents a therapeutic exposure of @entity3504 . Although topical therapies are less convenient than oral medications, treatment algorithms have failed to take into account quality of life improvements resulting from more rapid and complete treatment response. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity2983 therapy is superior to oral therapy in distal @entity31 for both therapeutic response and drug delivery. Practice patterns should be re-evaluated in light of this information.

title: Review article: delivery and efficacy of topical @entity2983 ( XXXX ) therapy in the treatment of @entity31 .

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['mesalazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) may be used to deliver radiation to the @entity5 bed post-lumpectomy in eligible @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics as well as the lumpectomy technique can influence @entity1 eligibility for APBI. This report describes a lumpectomy procedure and examines @entity1 , @entity5 , and surgical characteristics from a prospective, multicenter study of electronic brachytherapy. METHODS: The study enrolled 65 @entity1 of age 45-84 years with @entity513 or @entity513 in situ, and 44 @entity1 , who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were treated with APBI using the Axxent   electronic brachytherapy system following lumpectomy. The prescription dose was 34 Gy in 10 fractions over 5 days. RESULTS: The lumpectomy technique as described herein varied by site and @entity1 characteristics. The balloon applicator was implanted by the surgeon (91%) or a radiation oncologist (9%) during or up to 61 days post-lumpectomy (mean 22 days). A lateral approach was most commonly used (59%) for insertion of the applicator followed by an incision site approach in 27% of cases, a medial approach in 5%, and an inferior approach in 7%. A trocar was used during applicator insertion in 27% of cases. Local anesthetic, sedation, both or neither were administered in 45%, 2%, 41% and 11% of cases, respectively, during applicator placement. The prescription dose was delivered in 42 of 44 treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Early stage @entity0 can be treated with breast conserving surgery and APBI using electronic brachytherapy. Treatment was well tolerated, and these early outcomes were similar to the early outcomes with @entity3201 -based balloon brachytherapy.

title: Surgical perspectives from a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter study of breast conserving surgery and adjuvant electronic brachytherapy for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The mature fruits of Aristolochia debilis, known in China by the name, "Madouling" has been popularly prescribed in Asia, particularly in China, to treat a range of conditions including gynaecological problems, @entity625 and wound healing. This study was aimed to evaluate the potential effect of Madouling on the @entity1447 ( @entity1447 ) isozymes in vitro in microsomal fractions and in vivo in @entity35 . The influence of Madouling on CYPs activity was first explored by an in vitro method of estimating levels of four respective metabolites in @entity35 liver microsomes. The results were re-examined in vivo in @entity35 by using a cocktail approach involving the probe drugs @entity2544 , @entity11243 , @entity16506 and @entity3761 . Pharmacokinetics of the four substrates was used to analyze the activities of the targeting isozymes. In vitro study revealed that Madouling decreased the activity of @entity7771 , 3A1 and 2E1. However, no significant influence on @entity4920 was found. These results coincided with those of in vivo study to a great degree except that in vivo estimation the herb didn't inhibit @entity7771 significantly. From the data obtained, Madouling is suggested as a candidate for clinically signi   cant @entity1447 interactions. Drug co-administrated with Madouling may need dose adjustment.

title: Inhibitory effect of Aristolochia fruit on XXXX isozymes in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity16506 :: ('MESH:D002753', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorzoxazone']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

answer: @entity1447 :: (25251(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Cytochrome P450']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The soft tissue around dental implants forms a barrier between the oral environment and the peri-implant bone and a crucial factor for long-term success of therapy is development of a good abutment/soft-tissue seal. Sol-gel derived nanoporous @entity3759 coatings have been shown to enhance soft-tissue attachment but their effect on adhesion and biofilm formation by oral bacteria is unknown. METHODS: We have investigated how the properties of surfaces that may be used on abutments: turned @entity702 , sol-gel nanoporous @entity3759 coated surfaces and anodized @entity141 modified surfaces, affect biofilm formation by two early colonizers of the oral cavity: @entity885 sanguinis and Actinomyces naeslundii. The bacteria were detected using 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization together with confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: Interferometry and atomic force microscopy revealed all the surfaces to be smooth (Sa <=0.22  m). Incubation with a consortium of @entity885 and A. naeslundii showed no differences in adhesion between the surfaces over 2 hours. After 14 hours, the level of biofilm growth was low and again, no differences between the surfaces were seen. The presence of saliva increased the biofilm biovolume of @entity885 and A. naeslundii ten-fold compared to when saliva was absent and this was due to increased adhesion rather than biofilm growth. CONCLUSIONS: Nano-topographical modification of smooth @entity702 surfaces had no effect on adhesion or early biofilm formation by @entity885 and A. naeslundii as compared to turned surfaces or those treated with anodic oxidation in the presence of @entity141 . The presence of saliva led to a significantly greater biofilm biovolume but no significant differences were seen between the test surfaces. These data thus suggest that modification with sol-gel derived nanoporous @entity3759 , which has been shown to improve osseointegration and soft-tissue healing in vivo, does not cause greater biofilm formation by the two oral commensal species tested than the other surfaces.

title: Effect of nanoporous @entity3759 coating and anodized XXXX modification of @entity702 surfaces on early microbial biofilm formation.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity885 :: ('1305', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus', 'S. sanguinis']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The soft tissue around dental implants forms a barrier between the oral environment and the peri-implant bone and a crucial factor for long-term success of therapy is development of a good abutment/soft-tissue seal. Sol-gel derived nanoporous @entity3759 coatings have been shown to enhance soft-tissue attachment but their effect on adhesion and biofilm formation by oral bacteria is unknown. METHODS: We have investigated how the properties of surfaces that may be used on abutments: turned @entity702 , sol-gel nanoporous @entity3759 coated surfaces and anodized @entity141 modified surfaces, affect biofilm formation by two early colonizers of the oral cavity: @entity885 sanguinis and Actinomyces naeslundii. The bacteria were detected using 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization together with confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: Interferometry and atomic force microscopy revealed all the surfaces to be smooth (Sa <=0.22  m). Incubation with a consortium of @entity885 and A. naeslundii showed no differences in adhesion between the surfaces over 2 hours. After 14 hours, the level of biofilm growth was low and again, no differences between the surfaces were seen. The presence of saliva increased the biofilm biovolume of @entity885 and A. naeslundii ten-fold compared to when saliva was absent and this was due to increased adhesion rather than biofilm growth. CONCLUSIONS: Nano-topographical modification of smooth @entity702 surfaces had no effect on adhesion or early biofilm formation by @entity885 and A. naeslundii as compared to turned surfaces or those treated with anodic oxidation in the presence of @entity141 . The presence of saliva led to a significantly greater biofilm biovolume but no significant differences were seen between the test surfaces. These data thus suggest that modification with sol-gel derived nanoporous @entity3759 , which has been shown to improve osseointegration and soft-tissue healing in vivo, does not cause greater biofilm formation by the two oral commensal species tested than the other surfaces.

title: Effect of nanoporous @entity3759 coating and anodized @entity141 modification of XXXX surfaces on early microbial biofilm formation.

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The soft tissue around dental implants forms a barrier between the oral environment and the peri-implant bone and a crucial factor for long-term success of therapy is development of a good abutment/soft-tissue seal. Sol-gel derived nanoporous @entity3759 coatings have been shown to enhance soft-tissue attachment but their effect on adhesion and biofilm formation by oral bacteria is unknown. METHODS: We have investigated how the properties of surfaces that may be used on abutments: turned @entity702 , sol-gel nanoporous @entity3759 coated surfaces and anodized @entity141 modified surfaces, affect biofilm formation by two early colonizers of the oral cavity: @entity885 sanguinis and Actinomyces naeslundii. The bacteria were detected using 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization together with confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: Interferometry and atomic force microscopy revealed all the surfaces to be smooth (Sa <=0.22  m). Incubation with a consortium of @entity885 and A. naeslundii showed no differences in adhesion between the surfaces over 2 hours. After 14 hours, the level of biofilm growth was low and again, no differences between the surfaces were seen. The presence of saliva increased the biofilm biovolume of @entity885 and A. naeslundii ten-fold compared to when saliva was absent and this was due to increased adhesion rather than biofilm growth. CONCLUSIONS: Nano-topographical modification of smooth @entity702 surfaces had no effect on adhesion or early biofilm formation by @entity885 and A. naeslundii as compared to turned surfaces or those treated with anodic oxidation in the presence of @entity141 . The presence of saliva led to a significantly greater biofilm biovolume but no significant differences were seen between the test surfaces. These data thus suggest that modification with sol-gel derived nanoporous @entity3759 , which has been shown to improve osseointegration and soft-tissue healing in vivo, does not cause greater biofilm formation by the two oral commensal species tested than the other surfaces.

title: Effect of nanoporous XXXX coating and anodized @entity141 modification of @entity702 surfaces on early microbial biofilm formation.

answer: @entity3759 :: (CHEBI:32234,Chemical) :: ['TiO2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To investigate the feasibility of milk @entity1718 as predictors of onset of luteal activity (OLA), 87 lactations taken from 73 healthy Norwegian Red @entity291 were surveyed over 2 winter housing seasons. The feasibility of using frozen milk samples for dry-film Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) determination of milk samples was also tested. Morning milk samples were collected thrice weekly (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) for the first 10 wk in milk (WIM). These samples had @entity36697 ( @entity36697 ) added to them before being frozen at -20  C, thawed, and analyzed by ELISA to determine @entity1420 concentration and the concentrations of the milk @entity1718 C4:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and cis-9 C18:1 as a proportion of total milk @entity844 content using dry-film FTIR, and averaged by WIM. Onset of luteal activity was defined as the first day that milk @entity1420 concentrations were >3 ng/mL for 2 successive measurements; the study population was categorized as early (n = 47) or late (n = 40) OLA, using the median value of 21 DIM as the cutoff. Further milk samples were collected 6 times weekly, from morning and afternoon milkings, these were pooled by WIM, and one proportional sample was analyzed fresh for fat, protein, and @entity1132 content by the dairy company Tine SA, using traditional FTIR spectrography in the wet phase of milk. Daily energy-balance calculations were performed in 42 lactations and averaged by WIM. Animals experiencing late OLA had a more negative energy balance in WIM 1, 3, 4, and 5, with the greatest differences been seen in WIM 3 and 4. A higher proportion of the @entity1718 were medium chained, C14:0 and C16:0, in the early than in the late OLA group from WIM 1. In WIM 4, the proportion of total @entity844 content that was C16:0 predicted late OLA, with 74% sensitivity and 80% specificity. The long-chain proportion of the @entity1718 @entity40707 and cis-9 C18:1 were lower in the early than in the late OLA group. Differences were greatest in WIM 4 and 5. Differences in concentrations of cis-9 C18:1 were seen between the groups from WIM 1. No relationship was seen between OLA and milk concentrations of either protein or fat, or between OLA and the milk fat:protein ratio. The differences in milk @entity844 proportions between the 2 groups are most likely related to differences in energy balance. The study shows that frozen milk samples can be tested for @entity1718 by FTIR spectroscopy and that FTIR spectroscopy of milk can be used to provide real-time information about @entity291 reproductive function.

title: The relationship between XXXX profiles in milk identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and onset of luteal activity in Norwegian dairy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity36697 :: ('MESH:C006827', 'Chemical') :: ['bronopol', '2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To investigate the feasibility of milk @entity1718 as predictors of onset of luteal activity (OLA), 87 lactations taken from 73 healthy Norwegian Red @entity291 were surveyed over 2 winter housing seasons. The feasibility of using frozen milk samples for dry-film Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) determination of milk samples was also tested. Morning milk samples were collected thrice weekly (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) for the first 10 wk in milk (WIM). These samples had @entity36697 ( @entity36697 ) added to them before being frozen at -20  C, thawed, and analyzed by ELISA to determine @entity1420 concentration and the concentrations of the milk @entity1718 C4:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and cis-9 C18:1 as a proportion of total milk @entity844 content using dry-film FTIR, and averaged by WIM. Onset of luteal activity was defined as the first day that milk @entity1420 concentrations were >3 ng/mL for 2 successive measurements; the study population was categorized as early (n = 47) or late (n = 40) OLA, using the median value of 21 DIM as the cutoff. Further milk samples were collected 6 times weekly, from morning and afternoon milkings, these were pooled by WIM, and one proportional sample was analyzed fresh for fat, protein, and @entity1132 content by the dairy company Tine SA, using traditional FTIR spectrography in the wet phase of milk. Daily energy-balance calculations were performed in 42 lactations and averaged by WIM. Animals experiencing late OLA had a more negative energy balance in WIM 1, 3, 4, and 5, with the greatest differences been seen in WIM 3 and 4. A higher proportion of the @entity1718 were medium chained, C14:0 and C16:0, in the early than in the late OLA group from WIM 1. In WIM 4, the proportion of total @entity844 content that was C16:0 predicted late OLA, with 74% sensitivity and 80% specificity. The long-chain proportion of the @entity1718 @entity40707 and cis-9 C18:1 were lower in the early than in the late OLA group. Differences were greatest in WIM 4 and 5. Differences in concentrations of cis-9 C18:1 were seen between the groups from WIM 1. No relationship was seen between OLA and milk concentrations of either protein or fat, or between OLA and the milk fat:protein ratio. The differences in milk @entity844 proportions between the 2 groups are most likely related to differences in energy balance. The study shows that frozen milk samples can be tested for @entity1718 by FTIR spectroscopy and that FTIR spectroscopy of milk can be used to provide real-time information about @entity291 reproductive function.

title: The relationship between @entity844 profiles in milk identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and onset of luteal activity in Norwegian dairy XXXX .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Transcutaneous immunization (TI) has many practical merits compared to parenteral routes of administration. In the present study, non ionic surfactant vesicular carrier, i.e. niosomes, was evaluated for topical delivery of vaccines using @entity1956 surface protein as an antigen and cholera toxin B as an adjuvant. Niosomes were characterized for size, shape, entrapment efficiency and in process antigen stability. In vitro permeation and skin deposition studies of antigen were performed using @entity1 cadaver skin. Skin penetration efficiency of niosomes was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The immune stimulating activity of these vesicles was studied by measuring the serum IgG titer, isotype ratio @entity9749 / @entity6527 and mucosal immune responses following transcutaneous immunization in Balb/c @entity19 and results were compared with the alum adsorbed HBsAg given intramuscularly and topically administered plain HBsAg solution. The result shows that optimal niosomal formulation could entrap 58.11    0.71 of antigen with vesicle size range of 2.83    0.29  m. Serum IgG titers after three consecutive topical administrations were significantly better than single administration of hepatitis antigen with niosomal system, suggesting an effective stimulation of serum immune response; higher @entity6527 / @entity9749 ratio revealed CTB mixed niosomes elicit both @entity1198 and Th2 responses. This study suggests that topical immunization with cholera toxin B is potential adjuvant for cutaneous immune responses when coadministered with the HBsAg encapsulated niosomes. Results also suggest that the investigated niosomes systems can be effective as topical delivery of vaccines.

title: Non-ionic surfactant vesicles mediated transcutaneous immunization against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein  4 ( @entity72966 ) is an RNA-processing protein which has an important role in regulating gene expression. The association of the @entity72966 @entity72967 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and serum lipid profiles has, to the best of our knowledge, not previously been studied in the Chinese population. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the @entity72966 @entity72967 SNP and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Mulao and Han populations. A total of 727 individuals of Mulao nationality and 729 individuals of Han nationality were randomly selected from stratified randomized samples from a previous study by our group. Genotypes of the @entity72966 @entity72967 SNP were determined via polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses and subsequently confirmed by direct sequencing. Serum levels of low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo)  B were higher in the Mulao group than those in the Han group (P<0.01 for each). The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the @entity72966 @entity72967 SNP were significantly different between males and females in the Mulao population (P<0.05 for each), while no significant difference was detected between those of males and females amongst the Han population. The frequency of the G  allele was higher in Mulao males than in Mulao females (22.12 vs. 13.44%). The G  allele carriers were found to have higher total @entity165 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) and ApoAI levels in Han females but not in Han males, and lower TC and HDL-C levels in Mulao females but not in Mulao males than those of the G  allele non-carriers (P<0.05 for all). These associations were confirmed by multiple linear regression analysis (P<0.05  -0.001). Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with multiple environmental factors (P<0.05  -0.001). The @entity72966 @entity72967 SNP was associated with serum TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and ApoAI levels in these study populations; however, the association varied between the Mulao and Han populations. A gender-specific association was identified in the populations of the two ethnic groups.

title: Gender-specific association between the cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein 4 XXXX single nucleotide polymorphism and serum lipid levels.

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity72967 :: (rs4660293,SNP) :: ['rs4660293']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitigation of landfill gas (LFG) is among the critical aspects considered in the design of a landfill cover in order to prevent atmospheric pollution and control global warming. In general, landfill cover soils can partially remove @entity577 ( @entity578 ) through microbial oxidation carried out by methanotrophic bacteria present within them. The oxidizing capacity of these landfill cover soils may be improved by adding organic materials, such as biochar, which increase adsorption and promote subsequent or simultaneous oxidation of @entity578 . In this study, seven wood-derived biochars and granular activated @entity505 (GAC) were characterized for their @entity578 adsorption capacity by conducting batch and small-scale column studies. The effects of influential factors, such as exposed @entity578 concentration, moisture content and temperature on @entity578 adsorption onto biochars, were determined. The @entity578 transport was modeled using a 1-D advection-dispersion equation that accounted for sorption. The effects of LFG inflow rates and moisture content on the combined adsorption and transport properties of biochars were determined. The maximum @entity578 adsorption capacity of GAC (3.21mol/kg) was significantly higher than that of the biochars (0.05-0.9mol/kg). The @entity578 gas dispersion coefficients for all of the biochars ranged from 1*10(-3) to 3*10(-3)m(2)s(-1). The presence of moisture significantly suppressed the extent of @entity577 adsorption onto the biochars and caused the @entity577 to break through within shorter periods of time. Overall, certain biochar types have a high potential to enhance @entity578 adsorption and transport properties when used as a cover material in landfills. However, field-scale studies need to be conducted in order to evaluate the performance of biochar-based cover system under a more dynamic field condition that captures the effect of seasonal and temporal changes.

title: Adsorption and transport of XXXX in biochars derived from waste wood.

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

answer: @entity577 :: (MESH:D008697,Chemical) :: ['methane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid is a common, yet controversial, therapeutic option for @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). The purpose of this research was to determine the safety and efficacy of US-approved viscosupplements for symptomatic knee @entity571 . METHODS: We searched MedLine and EMBase for randomized, sham-controlled trials evaluating safety and/or clinical efficacy of US-approved viscosupplements in @entity1 with symptomatic knee @entity571 . Knee @entity158 severity and knee joint function were assessed at 4 to 13 weeks and 14 to 26 weeks. Safety outcomes included serious adverse events, treatment-related serious adverse events, @entity1 withdrawal, and adverse event-related @entity1 withdrawal occurring at any time during follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 29 studies representing 4,866 unique @entity1 (active: 2,673, control: 2,193) were included. All sham-controlled trials used saline injections as a control. Viscosupplementation resulted in very large treatment effects between 4 and 26 weeks for knee @entity158 and function compared to preinjection values, with standardized mean difference values ranging from 1.07 to 1.37 (all P<0.001). Compared to controls, standardized mean difference with viscosupplementation ranged from 0.38 to 0.43 for knee @entity158 and 0.32 to 0.34 for knee function (all P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between viscosupplementation and controls for any safety outcome, with absolute risk differences of 0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.2 to 1.5%) for serious adverse events, 0% (95% CI: -0.4 to 0.4%) for treatment-related serious adverse events, 0% (95% CI: -1.6 to 1.6%) for @entity1 withdrawal, and 0.2% (95% CI: -0.4 to 0.8%) for adverse event-related @entity1 withdrawal. CONCLUSION: Intra-articular injection of US-approved viscosupplements is safe and efficacious through 26 weeks in @entity1 with symptomatic knee @entity571 .

title: Safety and efficacy of US-approved viscosupplements for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, saline-controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: Microglia, the resident immune cells of the @entity75 , are highly responsive to tissue injury. Following cell damage, microglial processes redirect their motility from randomly scouting the extracellular space to specifically reaching toward the compromised tissue. While the cell morphology aspects of this defense mechanism have been characterized, the intracellular events underlying these responses remain largely unknown. Specifically, the role of intracellular @entity141 dynamics has not been systematically investigated in acutely activated microglia due to technical difficulty. Here we used live two-photon imaging of the @entity19 cortex ubiquitously expressing the genetically encoded @entity141 indicator GCaMP5G and fluorescent marker tdTomato in central nervous system microglia. We found that spontaneous @entity141 transients in microglial somas and processes were generally low (only 4% of all microglia showing transients within 20 min), but baseline activity increased about 8-fold when the animals were treated with @entity558 12 h before imaging. When challenged with focal laser injury, an additional surge in @entity141 activity was observed in the somas and protruding processes. Notably, coherent and simultaneous @entity141 rises in multiple microglial cells were occasionally detected in @entity558 -treated animals. We show that @entity141 transients were pre-dominantly mediated via purinergic receptors. This work demonstrates the usefulness of genetically encoded @entity141 indicators for investigation of microglial physiology.

title: Intracellular calcium dynamics in cortical microglia responding to focal laser injury in the PC::G5-tdT reporter XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain parenchyma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The impact of treatment delays on survival of @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is uncertain. Although later treatment could negatively affect psychological well-being, the maximum acceptable waiting time has not been determined. METHODS: We analyzed consecutive @entity1 with @entity1149 between January 2005 and May 2007 in our center. Treatment delay was calculated from the first abnormal radiographic study. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to identify predictive factors and log-rank tests to compare survival. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-five cases were identified; shorter treatment delays were associated with a poor prognosis. Conversely, for every week that the treatment could be delayed, the hazard ratio was improved at 0.97 (p = 0.05). Standard treatment was given to 319 of these @entity1 who were separated in localized, regional, and advanced stages. The median treatment delay was 73 days and distributed as follows: 85, 94, and 50 days for localized, regional, and advanced stages, respectively (p < 0.01). For localized or regional stages, the association between treatment delay and survival was inconclusive. In the advanced group, each week of treatment delay had a hazard ratio of 0.93 (p = 0.009). Survival of advanced @entity1 who began treatment earlier versus later than the group median was 6.8 versus 11.6 months (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 receiving equivalent chemotherapy regimens, shorter treatment delays were associated with shorter survival. We hypothesize that urgent treatment carried a negative prognostic meaning, as this was preferentially offered to @entity1 presenting with a higher symptom burden, which conferred them a worse outcome.

title: Treatment delays in XXXX and their prognostic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severity-adjusted mortality is an unequivocal measure of burn care success. Hospitals can be compared on this metric using administrative data because information required for calculating statistically adjusted risk of mortality is routinely collected on hospital admission. METHODS: The New York State Department of Health provided information on all 13,113 thermally injured @entity1 hospitalized at 1 of 194 hospitals between 2004 and 2008. We compared hospital survival rates using a random effects logistic model of mortality that incorporated age and several predictors that were present on admission and captured as International Classification of Diseases-9 codes: burn surface area, @entity130 , three measures of physiologic compromise, and four medical comorbidities. Hospitals were compared on the adjusted odds of @entity204 and the number of excess @entity204 . RESULTS: Overall mortality was 3.2%. Nine high-volume hospitals (>100 @entity1 /year) cared for 83% of @entity1 with @entity130 . Overall variability of the odds of mortality among these high-volume centers was modest (median odds ratio=1.2) and we found little evidence for differences in the adjusted odds of mortality. A secondary analysis of the 185 low-volume hospitals that cared for 2,235 @entity1 disclosed only 24 @entity204 . When examined in aggregate, these hospitals had better than predicted risk-adjusted mortality; a logical explanation is judicious case selection. CONCLUSIONS: Administrative hospital discharge data are extensive and comparably enough collected to allow comparison of the performance of burn centers. Risk-adjusted models show that @entity1 have statistically indistinguishable risk-adjusted odds of mortality regardless of which hospital in New York State cared for them.

title: Comparison of hospital mortality rates after XXXX in New York State: a risk-adjusted population-based observational study.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries', 'inhalation injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the QEEG of adolescents affected by @entity162 with age and gender matched healthy controls, and to extract the characteristics of the alpha frequency band to better understand this disorder. METHODS: Twenty one adolescents affected by acute episodes of @entity162 ( @entity1555 II), both hypomanic and @entity308 , were selected via convenience sampling based on DSM IV criteria and @entity1 and adolescent psychiatrist diagnosis. Eleven @entity1 were going through a hypomanic episode and 10 @entity1 were going through a @entity308 episode. Of the @entity1 , 18 who were matched with the @entity1 group participated in this study as a normal group. Any major comorbidities and @entity717 were excluded through applying K-SADS-PL and Raven's IQ test for all the @entity1 and the healthy @entity1 . Electroencephalogram signals were obtained according to 10-20 international system by 21 electrodes from @entity1 in open and closed eyes in a resting state. We selected 40 seconds length segments from each recorded EEG signals that had minimal noise and artifacts. Power spectrum density (PSD) was estimated for each segment and extracted alpha band frequency. We used only referential (unipolar) montage for comparison. Eventually, data were analyzed by independent Mann-Whitney test and independent t test. RESULTS: We observed significant differences in the alpha frequency band in some brain regions. Alpha power increased in the fronto-central region and right parietal lobe in the @entity1 (P < 0.05). In the @entity1 with @entity1555 II, entropy of alpha oscillations was larger than the normal @entity1 in the central region and in the F3, F4 and P4 channels. Also, there were differences in the variance of alpha oscillations in these regions between the two groups (P < 0.05). In the occipital lobe, alpha wave had different skewness between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Thalamus as a generator and modulator of at least a part of alpha oscillations may be involved in this disorder and hence this explains the major symptoms like distractibility and inattention in both hypomanic and @entity308 of @entity162 .

title: Characteristics of Alpha Band Frequency in Adolescents with XXXX : A Resting-State QEEG Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar II disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive episodes', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Bipolar II Disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The estimated prevalence of @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) in @entity1 less than 18 years of age is 6 per 1000. Roughly 50% of cases of congenital @entity1274 can be linked to a genetic cause, with approximately 30% being syndromic and the remaining 70% being non-syndromic. The term "syndromic" implies the presence of other distinctive clinical features in addition to @entity393 . The aim of our study was to find the distribution of various Syndromic associations in @entity1 with profound @entity2319 , presented at Madras ENT Research foundation, Chennai and to formulate a management protocol for these @entity1 and to discuss in detail about the clinical features of commonly encountered @entity2319 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our retrospective study was aimed at describing the various Syndromic associations seen in @entity1 with congenital profound @entity2319 . Information was collected from the medical records. At our centre all @entity1 undergo a comprehensive evaluation. The distribution, etiological factors and management protocol for various syndromes are here presented. RESULTS: Out of 700 @entity1 with congenital profound @entity2319 all @entity1 with Syndromic associations (n  =  35) were studied. 5% of profoundly deaf candidates were found to be syndromic. Most common syndrome in our series was found to be @entity13526 followed by Jervell and @entity15499 . CONCLUSION: @entity2319 is an associated feature of many syndromes. Detailed history taking with comprehensive evaluation is mandatory to rule out the associated syndromes. Diagnosis must be confirm by a genetic study. Multidisciplinary approach is essential for appropriate diagnosis and management.

title: XXXX -prevalence, distribution and hearing management protocol in Indian scenario.

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['deafness', 'Congenital deafness', 'syndromic deafness']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['Sensory Neural Hearing Loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity13526 :: ('MESH:D012410', 'Disease') :: ['congenital rubella syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15499 :: ('MESH:D029593', 'Disease') :: ['Lange-Nielsen syndrome']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['Syndromic deafness']


abstract: In metazoan development, the precise mechanisms that regulate the completion of morphogenesis according to a developmental timetable remain elusive. The @entity238 male terminalia is an asymmetric looping organ; the internal @entity4998 (spermiduct) loops dextrally around the hindgut. Mutants for apoptotic signaling have an orientation defect of their male terminalia, indicating that apoptosis contributes to the looping morphogenesis. However, the physiological roles of apoptosis in the looping morphogenesis of male terminalia have been unclear. Here, we show the role of apoptosis in the organogenesis of male terminalia using time-lapse imaging. In normal flies, @entity717 accelerated as development proceeded, and completed a full 360   rotation. This acceleration was impaired when the activity of caspases or @entity34206 or PVF/PVR signaling was reduced. Acceleration was induced by two distinct subcompartments of the A8 segment that formed a ring shape and surrounded the male @entity4998 : the inner ring rotated with the @entity4998 and the outer ring rotated later, functioning as a 'moving walkway' to accelerate the inner @entity717 . A quantitative analysis combining the use of a FRET-based indicator for caspase activation with single-cell tracking showed that the timing and degree of apoptosis correlated with the movement of the outer ring, and upregulation of the apoptotic signal increased the speed of @entity717 . Therefore, apoptosis coordinates the outer ring movement that drives the acceleration of @entity717 , thereby enabling the complete morphogenesis of male @entity4998 within a limited developmental time frame.

title: Apoptosis controls the speed of looping morphogenesis in XXXX male terminalia.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['genitalia rotation', 'ring rotation', 'genital rotation']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['genitalia']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']