abstract: Premature @entity731 in @entity753 @entity1 may be due, in part, to increased growth of vascular cells. Therefore, the growth stimulating effect of serum and serum fractions from @entity1 with primary @entity6340 (LDL- @entity165 : 7.5 +/- 1.7 mmol/l) and from healthy subjects on @entity1 arterial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts has been investigated over 5-7 days in culture. @entity1 @entity753 sera increased the growth of both cell types up to a mean of 133% compared with normal sera (100%) (P less than 0.001). Removal of the dialyzable serum fraction (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) reduced the growth effect of the @entity753 sera by 32% (P less than 0.001) and of the normal sera by 11% (P less than 0.01). Readdition of the @entity753 serum dialysate to its dialyzed serum restored completely the original growth effect. There was no significant difference in growth stimulation between the dialyzed @entity753 and normal sera excluding a major additional growth effect by LDL- @entity165 . The low molecular weight growth factor(s) of @entity753 serum (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) showed a linear dependence of growth stimulation over a 20-fold concentration range. Increased amounts of this factor(s) might easily penetrate the arterial wall, thus contributing to atherogenesis.

title: Increased growth stimulation of XXXX vascular cells by serum from @entity1 with primary @entity6340 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Premature @entity731 in @entity753 @entity1 may be due, in part, to increased growth of vascular cells. Therefore, the growth stimulating effect of serum and serum fractions from @entity1 with primary @entity6340 (LDL- @entity165 : 7.5 +/- 1.7 mmol/l) and from healthy subjects on @entity1 arterial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts has been investigated over 5-7 days in culture. @entity1 @entity753 sera increased the growth of both cell types up to a mean of 133% compared with normal sera (100%) (P less than 0.001). Removal of the dialyzable serum fraction (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) reduced the growth effect of the @entity753 sera by 32% (P less than 0.001) and of the normal sera by 11% (P less than 0.01). Readdition of the @entity753 serum dialysate to its dialyzed serum restored completely the original growth effect. There was no significant difference in growth stimulation between the dialyzed @entity753 and normal sera excluding a major additional growth effect by LDL- @entity165 . The low molecular weight growth factor(s) of @entity753 serum (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) showed a linear dependence of growth stimulation over a 20-fold concentration range. Increased amounts of this factor(s) might easily penetrate the arterial wall, thus contributing to atherogenesis.

title: Increased growth stimulation of @entity1 vascular cells by serum from XXXX with primary @entity6340 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 with @entity5 experience @entity146 care towards the end of life (EOL) despite evidence of an association with poor outcomes such as @entity158 and overall dissatisfaction with care. PURPOSE: To investigate socio-demographic, clinical and community health care service factors associated with @entity5 care. METHODS: An analysis of pooled data from two mortality follow-back surveys was performed. Aggressive EOL care was defined as greater than or equal to one of the following indicators occurring during the last 3  months of life: greater than or equal to two emergency department visits, >= 30  days in hospital and @entity204 in hospital. RESULTS: Of the 681 included @entity1 , 50.1  % were @entity1 and mean age at @entity204 was 75  years. The majority of @entity1 (59.3 %,  95  % confidence interval (CI) 55.6-63.0  %) experienced at least one indicator of @entity146 EOL care: 29.7  % experienced greater than or equal to two @entity2613 visits, 17.1  % spent >= 30  days in hospital and 37.9  % died in hospital. @entity1 with prostate or haematological @entity5 were more likely to experience @entity146 EOL care (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.36, 95  % CI 1.39-13.70, and 4.16, 95  % CI 1.38-12.47, respectively, reference group @entity2 ). @entity1 who received greater than five general practitioner (GP) home visits (AOR 0.37, 95  % CI 0.17-0.82, reference group no GP visits) or had contact with district nursing (AOR 0.48, 95  % CI 0.28-0.83, reference group no contact) or contact with community palliative care services (AOR 0.27, 95  % CI 0.15-0.49, reference group no contact) were less likely to experience @entity146 EOL care. No association was found between @entity146 EOL care and @entity1 ' age, gender, marital, financial or health status. CONCLUSIONS: Community health care services, in particular contact with community palliative care, are associated with a significant reduction in the odds of @entity5 @entity1 receiving @entity146 EOL care. Expansion of such services may help address the current capacity crises faced by many acute health care systems.

title: Factors associated with XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'aggressive EOL cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['aggressive end of life cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cumulating evidence from epidemiologic studies implicates cardiovascular health and cerebrovascular function in several @entity75 in late life. We examined vascular risk factors with respect to a cerebrovascular measure of brain functioning in subjects in mid-life, which could represent a marker of brain changes in later life. Breath-hold functional MRI (fMRI) was performed in 541 @entity1 and @entity1 (mean age 50.4years) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Brain MRI sub-study. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) was quantified as percentage change in blood- @entity26 level dependent (BOLD) signal in activated voxels, which was mapped to a common brain template and log-transformed. Mean CVR was calculated for anatomic regions underlying the @entity15131 ( @entity15131 ) - a network implicated in @entity195 and other @entity75 - in addition to areas considered to be relatively spared in the disease (e.g. occipital lobe), which were utilized as reference regions. Mean CVR was significantly reduced in the posterior cingulate/precuneus (b=-0.063, 95% CI: -0.106, -0.020), anterior cingulate (b=-0.055, 95% CI: -0.101, -0.010), and medial frontal lobe (b=-0.050, 95% CI: -0.092, -0.008) relative to mean CVR in the occipital lobe, after adjustment for age, sex, race, education, and smoking status, in subjects with pre- @entity101 / @entity101 compared to normotensive subjects. By contrast, mean CVR was lower, but not significantly, in the inferior parietal lobe (b=-0.024, 95% CI: -0.062, 0.014) and the hippocampus (b=-0.006, 95% CI: -0.062, 0.050) relative to mean CVR in the occipital lobe. Similar results were observed in subjects with @entity6 and @entity2299 compared to those without these conditions, though the differences were non-significant. Reduced CVR may represent diminished vascular functionality for the @entity15131 for individuals with @entity1556 / @entity101 in mid-life, and may serve as a preclinical marker for @entity75 in later life.

title: Vascular risk factors, cerebrovascular reactivity, and the XXXX network.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain diseases', 'brain dysfunction', 'brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity15131 :: ('MESH:C537734', 'Disease') :: ['default-mode network', 'DMN']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertension']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['default-mode brain']


abstract: The authors described twins of ten-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity7025 at the same time. The family history showed no abnormality. They were born in 1973 under the cesarean section for the early rupture of the membranes and weak @entity158 . The first case experienced tonic @entity410 , and abnormal findings on the EEG were pointed out on May, 1979. Seven months later, CT scan was performed in another hospital, which showed the findings of @entity1010 . She experienced @entity2048 attacks on January, 1980, and had the first admission. She was diagnosed as @entity302 . Right carotid angiography (CAG) was performed, which showed no abnormal findings. On August, 1983, she complained @entity63 ( @entity63 ) of @entity4265 and sometimes loss of consciousness for 5 to 10 minutes. She had the second admission on September, 1984. Growing status and neuro-psychological findings were normal. The EEG seemed almost normal, but she complained a @entity63 on right upper extremity two minutes after the hyperventilation, so the examination was stopped. CT findings was the same as that performed in 1979. Bilateral CAG showed marked stenosis of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) at the siphon and basal moyamoya vessels. Vertebral angiography had no sterno -occlusive lesions. Left encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) was performed, and six weeks later, right EDAS. Postoperatively, @entity4905 disappeared and she had a good clinical course. The second case had a similar history as described in case 1, except the @entity2048 of @entity302 attacks. EEG abnormality was pointed out, and she also had the diagnosis of @entity302 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in twins].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attacks', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiweakness']

answer: @entity7025 :: (MESH:D009072,Disease) :: ['Moyamoya disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The ischial tuberosity, referred to as the "sit bone" by @entity1 with @entity158 , is surrounded by critical nerves. This research relates, for the first time, the involvement of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN), including its perineal and @entity75 to the symptom of "sitting @entity158 ." An experience with PFCN resection for treatment of @entity158 with sitting is reported. @entity1 AND METHODS: The computer records were searched from 2010 through August of 2013, identifying 17 @entity1 who had surgery on PFCN. Fifteen of these 17 were @entity1 . Mean age of 17 @entity1 was 54.6 years (range 30-74 years). Each @entity1 had @entity158 with sitting, and spent much of the day standing or lying down. Each had symptoms involving posterior thigh and buttock. Three @entity1 had bilateral problems. Each of 17 @entity1 in this series had resection of PFCN through an incision in the gluteal crease. Resection included @entity75 and perineal branch. RESULTS: Of 17 @entity1 , at a mean of 19.4 months (range 6 to 42 months) after surgery, the visual analog scale improved from a mean of 9.2 to a mean of 2.1 (P   <   0.0001). There were 7 excellent, 6 good, 3 fair, and 1 poor result, for 76% good to excellent result in terms of @entity158 relief and improvement in being able to sit. CONCLUSION: @entity158 with sitting can be due to @entity2096 , a previously unreported etiology. Good to excellent results can be expected in 76% of carefully selected @entity1 .

title: @entity158 with sitting related to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['injury to PFCN']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cluneal branches']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['injury of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve']


abstract: PURPOSE: The ischial tuberosity, referred to as the "sit bone" by @entity1 with @entity158 , is surrounded by critical nerves. This research relates, for the first time, the involvement of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN), including its perineal and @entity75 to the symptom of "sitting @entity158 ." An experience with PFCN resection for treatment of @entity158 with sitting is reported. @entity1 AND METHODS: The computer records were searched from 2010 through August of 2013, identifying 17 @entity1 who had surgery on PFCN. Fifteen of these 17 were @entity1 . Mean age of 17 @entity1 was 54.6 years (range 30-74 years). Each @entity1 had @entity158 with sitting, and spent much of the day standing or lying down. Each had symptoms involving posterior thigh and buttock. Three @entity1 had bilateral problems. Each of 17 @entity1 in this series had resection of PFCN through an incision in the gluteal crease. Resection included @entity75 and perineal branch. RESULTS: Of 17 @entity1 , at a mean of 19.4 months (range 6 to 42 months) after surgery, the visual analog scale improved from a mean of 9.2 to a mean of 2.1 (P   <   0.0001). There were 7 excellent, 6 good, 3 fair, and 1 poor result, for 76% good to excellent result in terms of @entity158 relief and improvement in being able to sit. CONCLUSION: @entity158 with sitting can be due to @entity2096 , a previously unreported etiology. Good to excellent results can be expected in 76% of carefully selected @entity1 .

title: XXXX with sitting related to @entity2096 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ) in @entity1 treated for @entity5 is a common and direct sequela of chemotherapy. Episodes of @entity1398 can be life-threatening, and demand prompt recognition, assessment and treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics. While in the majority of episodes no @entity281 is identified, 10-20% are secondary to a @entity281 ( @entity281 ). A reduction in episodes of @entity281 could be achieved through robust infection prevention strategies, such as CVL care bundles. Alongside good antimicrobial stewardship, these strategies could reduce the risk of emergent, multi-drug resistant (MDR) @entity281 . Emerging bacterial pathogens in @entity281 include Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS) and Enterobacteriaceae such as @entity4005 spp. which are known for their ability to carry MDR genes. There is also increased recognition of the role of invasive @entity364 (IFI) in @entity1398 , in particular with Aspergillus spp. Novel diagnostics, including multiplex blood and respiratory polymerase chain reaction assays can identify @entity281 early in @entity1398 , facilitating targeted therapy, and reducing unnecessary antimicrobial exposure. Given appropriate, and sensitive rapid diagnostics, potential also exists to safely inform the risk assessment of @entity1 with @entity1398 , identifying those at low risk of complication, who could be treated in the out- @entity1 setting. Several clinical decision rules (CDR) have now been developed and validated in defined populations, for the risk assessment of @entity1 being treated for @entity5 . Future research is needed to develop a universal CDR to improve the management of @entity1 with @entity1398 .

title: XXXX in @entity1 treated for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['causal infection', 'bloodstream infection', 'infections', 'BSI']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['FN', 'Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['Febrile neutropenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ) in @entity1 treated for @entity5 is a common and direct sequela of chemotherapy. Episodes of @entity1398 can be life-threatening, and demand prompt recognition, assessment and treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics. While in the majority of episodes no @entity281 is identified, 10-20% are secondary to a @entity281 ( @entity281 ). A reduction in episodes of @entity281 could be achieved through robust infection prevention strategies, such as CVL care bundles. Alongside good antimicrobial stewardship, these strategies could reduce the risk of emergent, multi-drug resistant (MDR) @entity281 . Emerging bacterial pathogens in @entity281 include Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS) and Enterobacteriaceae such as @entity4005 spp. which are known for their ability to carry MDR genes. There is also increased recognition of the role of invasive @entity364 (IFI) in @entity1398 , in particular with Aspergillus spp. Novel diagnostics, including multiplex blood and respiratory polymerase chain reaction assays can identify @entity281 early in @entity1398 , facilitating targeted therapy, and reducing unnecessary antimicrobial exposure. Given appropriate, and sensitive rapid diagnostics, potential also exists to safely inform the risk assessment of @entity1 with @entity1398 , identifying those at low risk of complication, who could be treated in the out- @entity1 setting. Several clinical decision rules (CDR) have now been developed and validated in defined populations, for the risk assessment of @entity1 being treated for @entity5 . Future research is needed to develop a universal CDR to improve the management of @entity1 with @entity1398 .

title: @entity1398 in @entity1 treated for XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ) in @entity1 treated for @entity5 is a common and direct sequela of chemotherapy. Episodes of @entity1398 can be life-threatening, and demand prompt recognition, assessment and treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics. While in the majority of episodes no @entity281 is identified, 10-20% are secondary to a @entity281 ( @entity281 ). A reduction in episodes of @entity281 could be achieved through robust infection prevention strategies, such as CVL care bundles. Alongside good antimicrobial stewardship, these strategies could reduce the risk of emergent, multi-drug resistant (MDR) @entity281 . Emerging bacterial pathogens in @entity281 include Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS) and Enterobacteriaceae such as @entity4005 spp. which are known for their ability to carry MDR genes. There is also increased recognition of the role of invasive @entity364 (IFI) in @entity1398 , in particular with Aspergillus spp. Novel diagnostics, including multiplex blood and respiratory polymerase chain reaction assays can identify @entity281 early in @entity1398 , facilitating targeted therapy, and reducing unnecessary antimicrobial exposure. Given appropriate, and sensitive rapid diagnostics, potential also exists to safely inform the risk assessment of @entity1 with @entity1398 , identifying those at low risk of complication, who could be treated in the out- @entity1 setting. Several clinical decision rules (CDR) have now been developed and validated in defined populations, for the risk assessment of @entity1 being treated for @entity5 . Future research is needed to develop a universal CDR to improve the management of @entity1 with @entity1398 .

title: @entity1398 in XXXX treated for @entity5 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Monoarthritis, defined as inflammation of a single joint, requires a thorough physical examination in @entity1 , as @entity158 may be lacking in 10% to 30% of cases and joint stiffness may be the only symptom. Joint aspiration is a crucial diagnostic tool that remains markedly underused. Joint aspiration may be unnecessary, however, when the family history or other investigations provide the diagnosis. Radiographs of the involved joint may supply information on the severity of the lesions. In doubtful cases and in @entity1 with @entity4841 , B-mode and Doppler ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may confirm the presence of @entity603 . Although suspected @entity5414 is an emergency and occurs frequently, particularly before 2  years of age, acute monoarthritis is often a post-infectious manifestation and therefore associated with a good outcome. @entity3001 should be sought, particularly when a lower limb joint is involved, as tick bites often go unnoticed. @entity102 is very often a manifestation of @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ), which exists as several variants. @entity4932 is a specifically @entity2720 , whereas the other patterns of @entity4932 have corresponding forms in adults, despite a number of specific features due to their onset during childhood. Tests for antinuclear antibodies should be performed routinely in @entity1 with monoarthritis persisting longer than 3  weeks. A decline in general health or a fever should suggest @entity625 revealing @entity5 , which is a @entity1503 in most cases. Finally, suggestive symptoms are often present in @entity1 with less common causes such as auto-inflammatory diseases and connective tissue diseases.

title: Managing monoarthritis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['a malignancy']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic monoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['Oligoarthritis', 'JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological disease']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric joint disease']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that @entity38763 , a @entity460 entry blocking drug, will improve post- @entity63 neurologic outcome when administered after a period of complete @entity2806 , and that the improvement in outcome is related to an increase in post- @entity63 cerebral blood flow (CBF). @entity2806 was produced in 31 @entity235 by temporary ligation of the aorta and venae cavae. In six @entity235 , 10 min of complete @entity2806 was followed by an infusion of @entity38763 1.0 mg X kg-1 iv over 10 min. CBF and cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 (CMRO2) were measured pre- @entity63 , and for 90 min post- @entity63 . The results from these six @entity235 were compared with results previously obtained from eight untreated @entity235 under similar, but not identical, conditions. The CBF measured post- @entity63 in the @entity235 administered @entity38763 did not differ from the CBF measured post- @entity63 in the untreated @entity235 . Both groups showed an initial @entity450 post- @entity63 , followed by significant decreases in CBF from control values by 35 min post- @entity63 . The post- @entity63 CMRO2 also did not differ between @entity38763 treated and untreated groups. In 25 @entity235 , 11 min of complete @entity2806 was followed by an iv infusion of either @entity38763 1.0 mg X kg-1 or saline placebo. The same iv infusions were repeated at 8 and 16 h post- @entity63 . Seven @entity235 were excluded from data analysis for failure to meet pre-established protocol criteria. @entity16 was evaluated in the remaining @entity235 at 48 h post- @entity63 by an observer blinded to the treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX on cerebral blood flow and neurologic outcome when administered after complete @entity2806 in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Complete cerebral ischemia', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity38763 :: ('MESH:D008013', 'Chemical') :: ['lidoflazine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity38763 :: (MESH:D008013,Chemical) :: ['lidoflazine']


abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that @entity38763 , a @entity460 entry blocking drug, will improve post- @entity63 neurologic outcome when administered after a period of complete @entity2806 , and that the improvement in outcome is related to an increase in post- @entity63 cerebral blood flow (CBF). @entity2806 was produced in 31 @entity235 by temporary ligation of the aorta and venae cavae. In six @entity235 , 10 min of complete @entity2806 was followed by an infusion of @entity38763 1.0 mg X kg-1 iv over 10 min. CBF and cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 (CMRO2) were measured pre- @entity63 , and for 90 min post- @entity63 . The results from these six @entity235 were compared with results previously obtained from eight untreated @entity235 under similar, but not identical, conditions. The CBF measured post- @entity63 in the @entity235 administered @entity38763 did not differ from the CBF measured post- @entity63 in the untreated @entity235 . Both groups showed an initial @entity450 post- @entity63 , followed by significant decreases in CBF from control values by 35 min post- @entity63 . The post- @entity63 CMRO2 also did not differ between @entity38763 treated and untreated groups. In 25 @entity235 , 11 min of complete @entity2806 was followed by an iv infusion of either @entity38763 1.0 mg X kg-1 or saline placebo. The same iv infusions were repeated at 8 and 16 h post- @entity63 . Seven @entity235 were excluded from data analysis for failure to meet pre-established protocol criteria. @entity16 was evaluated in the remaining @entity235 at 48 h post- @entity63 by an observer blinded to the treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity38763 on cerebral blood flow and neurologic outcome when administered after complete XXXX in @entity235 .

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that @entity38763 , a @entity460 entry blocking drug, will improve post- @entity63 neurologic outcome when administered after a period of complete @entity2806 , and that the improvement in outcome is related to an increase in post- @entity63 cerebral blood flow (CBF). @entity2806 was produced in 31 @entity235 by temporary ligation of the aorta and venae cavae. In six @entity235 , 10 min of complete @entity2806 was followed by an infusion of @entity38763 1.0 mg X kg-1 iv over 10 min. CBF and cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 (CMRO2) were measured pre- @entity63 , and for 90 min post- @entity63 . The results from these six @entity235 were compared with results previously obtained from eight untreated @entity235 under similar, but not identical, conditions. The CBF measured post- @entity63 in the @entity235 administered @entity38763 did not differ from the CBF measured post- @entity63 in the untreated @entity235 . Both groups showed an initial @entity450 post- @entity63 , followed by significant decreases in CBF from control values by 35 min post- @entity63 . The post- @entity63 CMRO2 also did not differ between @entity38763 treated and untreated groups. In 25 @entity235 , 11 min of complete @entity2806 was followed by an iv infusion of either @entity38763 1.0 mg X kg-1 or saline placebo. The same iv infusions were repeated at 8 and 16 h post- @entity63 . Seven @entity235 were excluded from data analysis for failure to meet pre-established protocol criteria. @entity16 was evaluated in the remaining @entity235 at 48 h post- @entity63 by an observer blinded to the treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity38763 on cerebral blood flow and neurologic outcome when administered after complete @entity2806 in XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 are rare, but have a high mortality rate in @entity1 and  adolescents. We sought to investigate mechanisms of injury and predictors of survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Kids' Inpatient Database (1997-2009) was used to identify cases of @entity1514 and @entity3511 (International Classification of Diseases, ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 901.0, 902.0) occurring in @entity1 aged <20  y. Bivariate and risk-adjusted multivariate analyses were used to reveal associated diagnoses and procedures and to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality, respectively. Cases were limited to emergent or urgent admissions. RESULTS: A total of 468 cases were identified. Survival was 65% overall, 63% for @entity1 and 68% for @entity1 . The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle-related (77%), followed by other penetrating @entity130 (10%) and @entity130 (8%). On multivariate modeling, @entity1 (odds ratio, 0.15 [95% confidence interval, 0.05, 0.45]) and Hispanic @entity1 (0.17 [0.05, 0.60]) had lower associated mortality versus @entity1 and Caucasians, respectively. Self-pay @entity1 (6.47 [1.94, 21.6]) had higher mortality versus privately insured @entity1 . @entity1 in the fourth income quartile had lower mortality versus all income quartile @entity1 . @entity1 admitted to urban nonteaching hospitals (0.15 [0.04, 0.59]) had lower mortality versus those admitted to urban teaching hospitals. @entity1 with @entity20736 (47.9 [12.3, 187]) or necessitating exploratory laparotomy (13.7 [2.06, 91.4]) had the highest associated mortality overall. Survival increased over the study period between 1997 and  2009. CONCLUSIONS: Motor vehicle-related @entity130 are the predominant mechanisms of @entity130 in the pediatric population. Gender, race, payer status, income quartile, and hospital type, along with associated procedures and diagnoses, are significant determinants of mortality on multivariate analysis.

title: Mechanism and mortality of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity20736 :: ('MESH:D012774', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic shock']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic injuries', 'injuries', 'aortic injury', 'trauma', 'firearm injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['aortic injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are a variety of reported surgical techniques outcomes of chronic grade III posterolateral corner (PLC) @entity3331 . It is unknown if outcomes differ among the various surgical treatments. PURPOSE: To systematically review the literature and report subjective and objective outcomes for surgical treatment strategies for chronic grade III @entity130 to determine the optimal surgical technique. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature including Cochrane, PubMed, Medline, and Embase was performed. The following search terms were used: posterolateral corner knee, posterolateral knee, posterolateral instability, multiligament knee, and @entity3031 . Inclusion criteria were outcome studies of surgical treatment for chronic @entity3331 with a minimum 2-year follow-up, subjective outcomes, objective outcomes including varus stability, and subgroup data on @entity130 . Two investigators independently reviewed all abstracts. Accepted definitions of varus stability on examination or stress radiographs, and the need for revision surgery, were used to categorically define success and failure. RESULTS: Fifteen studies with a total of 456 @entity1 were included in this study. The 15 studies included 5 with level 3 evidence and 10 with level 4 evidence. The mean age of the @entity1 in each study ranged from 25.2 to 40 years, the reported mean time to surgery ranged from 5.5 to 52.8 months, and the mean follow-up duration ranged from 2 to 16.3 years. Mean postoperative Lysholm scores ranged from 65.5 to 91.8; mean postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores ranged from 62.6 to 86.0. Based on objective stability, there was an overall success rate of 90% and a 10% failure rate of PLC reconstruction. A variety of surgical techniques were reported. CONCLUSION: @entity8638 were reconstructed in all studies, and while techniques varied, the surgical management of chronic @entity130 had a 90% success rate and a 10% failure rate according to the individual investigators' examination or stress radiographic assessment of objective outcomes. More than half of the 456 @entity1 had a combined posterior cruciate ligament-PLC injury. Surgical techniques included variations of fibular slings, capsular shifts, and anatomic-based techniques (fibular tunnel and tibial tunnel). Further research is needed to determine the optimal surgical technique for treating chronic grade III @entity130 .

title: A Systematic Review of the Outcomes of Posterolateral Corner Knee Injuries, Part 2: Surgical Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['PLC knee injuries', 'knee injuries']

entities_list: @entity3031 :: ('MESH:D031221', 'Disease') :: ['knee dislocation']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic PLC injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['PLC injuries']

answer: @entity8638 :: (MESH:D020208,Disease) :: ['Chronic Injuries']


abstract: Intimal @entity3468 (the presence of v-lesions) in kidney transplant biopsy specimens is believed to have major prognostic and diagnostic significance. We assessed the relationship of v-lesions to prognosis in 703 indication biopsy specimens and used microarray-based molecular tests to re-examine the relationship of v-lesions to rejection. v-Lesions were noted in 49 specimens (7%) and were usually mild (v1). The presence of v-lesions had no effect on graft survival compared with the absence of v-lesions. Pathologists using current conventions almost always interpreted v-lesions as reflecting T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), either pure or mixed with antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). The molecular scores questioned the conventional diagnoses in 29 of 49 specimens (59%), including ten that were conventional TCMR with no molecular rejection and nine that were conventional TCMR mixed with pure ABMR molecularly. The presence of @entity32 ( @entity32 ) meeting TCMR criteria allowed subclassification of v-lesion specimens into 21 @entity32 -v-lesion specimens and 28 isolated v-lesion specimens. Molecular TCMR scores were positive in 95% of @entity32 -v-lesion specimens but only 21% of isolated v-lesion specimens. Molecular ABMR scores were often positive in isolated v-lesion biopsies (46%). Time of biopsy after transplantation was critical for understanding isolated v-lesions: most early isolated v-lesion specimens had no molecular rejection and were DSA negative, whereas most isolated >1 year after transplantation had positive DSA and ABMR scores. Therefore, v-lesions in indication biopsy specimens do not affect prognosis and can reflect TCMR, ABMR, or no rejection. Time after transplantation, DSA, and accompanying @entity32 provide probabilistic basis for interpreting v-lesions.

title: Reassessing the Significance of Intimal XXXX in Kidney Transplant Biopsy Specimens.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial inflammation', 'i-t', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

answer: @entity3468 :: (MESH:D001167,Disease) :: ['Arteritis']


abstract: Variations in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1163 management have not been well studied. The goals of this study were to assess variations in management, and emergency physicians' risk perception and disposition decision making. We conducted a prospective study of adults with @entity1163 in six EDs in four cities over 32 months. We collected @entity1 characteristics, @entity341 management, disposition, physicians' prediction probabilities at index presentation and followed @entity1 for 30 days for serious outcomes: death, @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity943 , structural @entity299 , @entity1151 , significant @entity548 , or procedural interventions. We used descriptive statistics, ROC curves, and regression analyses. We enrolled 3662 @entity1 : mean age 54.3 years, and 12.9 % were hospitalized. Follow-up data were available for 3365 @entity1 (91.9 %) and 345 @entity1 (10.3 %) suffered serious outcomes: 120 (3.6 %) after @entity341 disposition including 48 @entity1 outside the hospital. After accounting for differences in @entity1 case mix, the rates of @entity341 investigations and disposition were significantly different (p < 0.0001) across the four study cities; as were the rates of 30-day serious outcomes (p < 0.0001) and serious outcomes after @entity341 disposition (p = 0.0227). There was poor agreement between physician risk perception and both observed event rates and referral patterns (p < 0.0001). Only 76.7 % (95 % CI 68.1-83.6) of @entity1 with serious outcomes were appropriately referred. There are large and unexplained differences in @entity1163 . Moreover, there is poor agreement between physician risk perception, disposition decision making, and serious outcomes after @entity341 disposition. A valid risk-stratification tool might help standardize @entity341 management and improve disposition decision making.

title: Emergency department management of XXXX : need for standardization and improved risk stratification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['ED syncope management', 'syncope']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We found for the first time that in @entity22 @entity1 , higher @entity14539 serum level was associated with severe @entity730 ( @entity730 ). In addition, cortical bone microarchitecture (density and thickness) assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at tibia was also independently associated with severe @entity730 . These results suggest that @entity14539 may be involved in the association of @entity79 with @entity729 in hemodialysis @entity1 . INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity730 are predictive of high cardiovascular mortality in @entity22 ( @entity22 ) @entity1 . In @entity1 with @entity454 , a high aortic @entity730 score was associated with lower bone turnover on bone biopsies. Thus, we hypothesized that @entity14539 , a Wnt pathway inhibitor mainly secreted by osteocytes and acting on osteoblasts to reduce bone formation, may be associated with @entity729 in @entity22 @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-three @entity22 @entity1 , aged 53  years [35-63] (median [Q1-Q3]) were included. Serum was sampled before the @entity22 session to assay @entity14539 . Framingham score was computed and the @entity730 ( @entity730 ) score was assessed according to Kauppila method on lateral spine imaging using DEXA. Tibia bone status was evaluated by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). @entity1 were distributed into two groups according to their @entity730 score: @entity1 with mild or without @entity730 (score below 6) versus @entity1 with severe @entity730 (score of 6 and above). RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, after adjustment on age, dialysis duration and @entity6 , serum @entity14539 and cortical thickness were independently associated with severe @entity730 (odds ratio (OR)   =   1.43 for each 0.1  ng/mL increase [95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.83]; p   =   0.006 and 0.16 for 1 SD increase [0.03-0.73]; p   =   0.018, respectively). A second cardiovascular model adjusted on Framingham score and the above mentioned confounders showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated @entity14539 serum level and poorer tibia cortical bone structure by HR-pQCT were positively and independently associated with higher odds of severe @entity730 in @entity22 patients. Serum @entity14539 may become a biomarker of @entity79 and vascular risk in @entity22 @entity1 .

title: Serum XXXX : the missing link in the bone-vessel cross-talk in hemodialysis @entity1 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['AAC', 'abdominal aortic calcifications', 'abdominal aortic calcification', 'calcification']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['mineral and bone disorder']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcifications', 'vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['maintenance hemodialysis', 'MHD']

answer: @entity14539 :: (50964,Gene) :: ['sclerostin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We found for the first time that in @entity22 @entity1 , higher @entity14539 serum level was associated with severe @entity730 ( @entity730 ). In addition, cortical bone microarchitecture (density and thickness) assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at tibia was also independently associated with severe @entity730 . These results suggest that @entity14539 may be involved in the association of @entity79 with @entity729 in hemodialysis @entity1 . INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity730 are predictive of high cardiovascular mortality in @entity22 ( @entity22 ) @entity1 . In @entity1 with @entity454 , a high aortic @entity730 score was associated with lower bone turnover on bone biopsies. Thus, we hypothesized that @entity14539 , a Wnt pathway inhibitor mainly secreted by osteocytes and acting on osteoblasts to reduce bone formation, may be associated with @entity729 in @entity22 @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-three @entity22 @entity1 , aged 53  years [35-63] (median [Q1-Q3]) were included. Serum was sampled before the @entity22 session to assay @entity14539 . Framingham score was computed and the @entity730 ( @entity730 ) score was assessed according to Kauppila method on lateral spine imaging using DEXA. Tibia bone status was evaluated by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). @entity1 were distributed into two groups according to their @entity730 score: @entity1 with mild or without @entity730 (score below 6) versus @entity1 with severe @entity730 (score of 6 and above). RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, after adjustment on age, dialysis duration and @entity6 , serum @entity14539 and cortical thickness were independently associated with severe @entity730 (odds ratio (OR)   =   1.43 for each 0.1  ng/mL increase [95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.83]; p   =   0.006 and 0.16 for 1 SD increase [0.03-0.73]; p   =   0.018, respectively). A second cardiovascular model adjusted on Framingham score and the above mentioned confounders showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated @entity14539 serum level and poorer tibia cortical bone structure by HR-pQCT were positively and independently associated with higher odds of severe @entity730 in @entity22 patients. Serum @entity14539 may become a biomarker of @entity79 and vascular risk in @entity22 @entity1 .

title: Serum @entity14539 : the missing link in the bone-vessel cross-talk in hemodialysis XXXX ?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To understand the spread of native populations of Lepidium latifolium growing in different altitudes in Ladakh region of Western Himalayas, photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics were evaluated in relation to their micro-environment. Three sites representing @entity16464 ( @entity16464 ), moderately populated (MPS) and @entity3630 ( @entity3630 ) were selected. Results showed that the @entity3630 had higher photosynthetic accumulation than MPS and @entity16464 . The higher transpiration rate at @entity3630 despite lower vapor pressure deficit and higher relative humidity suggest the regulation of its leaf temperature by evaporative cooling. Intrinsic soil parameters such as water holding capacity and nutrient availability also play crucial role in higher biomass here. The quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv /Fm , non-photochemical quenching (NPQ),   PSII ) and light curve at various PPFDs suggests better light harvesting potential and light compensation point at @entity3630 than the other two sites. Concomitantly, plants at @entity16464 had significantly higher lipid peroxidation, suggesting a stressful environment, and higher induction of antioxidative enzymes. Metabolic content of reduced @entity2041 also suggests an efficient mechanism in @entity3630 and MPS than @entity16464 . High light intensities at MPS are managed by specialized contrive of carotenoid pigments and PsbS gene product. Large pool of @entity7693 and @entity8665 plays an important role in this response. It is suggested that L. latifolium is present as ' @entity25 ' that has inherent biochemical plasticity involving multiple processes in Western Himalayas. Its potential spread is linked to site-specific micro-environment, whereby, it prefers flat @entity6656 with alluvial fills having high water availability, and has little or no altitudinal effect.

title: Physiological and biochemical plasticity of Lepidium latifolium as ' XXXX ' in Western Himalayas.

entities_list: @entity7693 :: ('MESH:C005613', 'Chemical') :: ['violaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity16464 :: ('MESH:C536116', 'Disease') :: ['SPS', 'sparsely populated']

entities_list: @entity3630 :: ('MESH:D015432', 'Disease') :: ['DPS', 'densely populated site']

entities_list: @entity6656 :: ('MESH:D003047', 'Disease') :: ['valley bottoms']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleeper weed']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleeper weed']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effect of a relaxing visual distraction alone on @entity1 @entity158 , @entity148 , and satisfaction during colonoscopy. METHODS: This study was designed as an endoscopist-blinded randomized controlled trial with 60 consecutively enrolled @entity1 who underwent elective colonoscopy at Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan. @entity1 were randomly assigned to two groups: group 1 watched a silent movie using a head-mounted display, while group 2 only wore the display. All of the colonoscopies were performed without sedation. We examined @entity158 , @entity148 , and the satisfaction of @entity1 before and after the procedure using questionnaires that included the Visual Analog Scale. @entity1 were also asked whether they would be willing to use the same method for a repeat procedure. RESULTS: A total of 60 @entity1 were allocated to two groups. Two @entity1 assigned to group 1 and one @entity1 assigned to group 2 were excluded after the randomization. Twenty-eight @entity1 in group 1 and 29 @entity1 in group 2 were entered into the final analysis. The groups were similar in terms of gender, age, history of prior colonoscopy, and pre-procedural @entity148 score. The two groups were comparable in terms of the cecal insertion rate, the time to reach the cecum, the time needed for the total procedure, and vital signs. The median @entity148 score during the colonoscopy did not differ significantly between the two groups (median scores, 20 vs 24). The median @entity158 score during the procedure was lower in group 1, but the difference was not significant (median scores, 24.5 vs 42). The @entity1 in group 1 reported significantly higher median post-procedural satisfaction levels, compared with the @entity1 in group 2 (median scores, 89 vs 72, P = 0.04). Nearly three-quarters of the @entity1 in group 1 wished to use the same method for repeat procedures, and the difference in rates between the two groups was statistically significant (75.0% vs 48.3%, P = 0.04). @entity1 with greater levels of @entity148 before the procedure tended to feel a @entity158 sensation. Among @entity1 with a pre-procedural @entity148 score of 50 or higher, the @entity148 score during the procedure was significantly lower in the group that received the visual distraction (median scores, 20 vs 68, P = 0.05); the @entity158 score during the colonoscopy was also lower (median scores, 23 vs 57, P = 0.04). No adverse effects arising from the visual distraction were recognized. CONCLUSION: Visual distraction alone improves satisfaction in @entity1 undergoing colonoscopy and decreases @entity148 and @entity158 during the procedure among @entity1 with a high pre-procedural @entity148 score.

title: Visual distraction alone for the improvement of colonoscopy-related XXXX and satisfaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Single neuronal activity was recorded extracellularly in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) in @entity35 anesthetized with @entity22292 . @entity1767 in a dose of 10 micrograms/kg had no significant effects on the SNC neurons. @entity25165 (cumulative i.v. dose of 40 micrograms/kg, given as: 5, 5, 10 and 20 micrograms/kg) inhibited the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons, in a dose-dependent manner. @entity1767 (cumulative i.v. dose of 10 micrograms/kg, as: 2.5, 2.5 and 5 micrograms/kg) reversed the effect of @entity3826 . Complete reversal of the firing rate to @entity1767 was observed with a dose of 10 micrograms/kg. In @entity35 pretreated with 10 micrograms/kg of @entity1767 , there was a dramatic shift to the right of the @entity3826 dose-response curve (cumulative i.v. dose of 800 micrograms/kg, as: 50, 50, 100, 200 and 400 micrograms/kg), and this inhibition was reversed by @entity1767 (cumulative i.v. dose of 400 micrograms/kg, as: 50, 50, 100 and 200 micrograms/kg). @entity3826 in doses of 40 micrograms/kg and 800 micrograms/kg elicited @entity7875 behavior and stereotypy, respectively. @entity3826 in a dose of 800 micrograms/kg elicited stereotypy in @entity35 treated 3 min before with 10 micrograms/kg of @entity1767 . Therefore, electrophysiological determinations of events in the SNC dopaminergic neurons are given support by the behavior observed in these @entity35 .

title: Electrophysiological and behavioral assessments of dopamine autoreceptor activation to XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity25165 :: ('CHEBI:48538', 'Chemical') :: ['R(-)apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['Apomorphine', 'apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol', 'Haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity22292 :: ('MESH:D002697', 'Chemical') :: ['chloral hydrate']

answer: @entity3826 :: (MESH:D001058,Chemical) :: ['apomorphine']


abstract: Single neuronal activity was recorded extracellularly in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) in @entity35 anesthetized with @entity22292 . @entity1767 in a dose of 10 micrograms/kg had no significant effects on the SNC neurons. @entity25165 (cumulative i.v. dose of 40 micrograms/kg, given as: 5, 5, 10 and 20 micrograms/kg) inhibited the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons, in a dose-dependent manner. @entity1767 (cumulative i.v. dose of 10 micrograms/kg, as: 2.5, 2.5 and 5 micrograms/kg) reversed the effect of @entity3826 . Complete reversal of the firing rate to @entity1767 was observed with a dose of 10 micrograms/kg. In @entity35 pretreated with 10 micrograms/kg of @entity1767 , there was a dramatic shift to the right of the @entity3826 dose-response curve (cumulative i.v. dose of 800 micrograms/kg, as: 50, 50, 100, 200 and 400 micrograms/kg), and this inhibition was reversed by @entity1767 (cumulative i.v. dose of 400 micrograms/kg, as: 50, 50, 100 and 200 micrograms/kg). @entity3826 in doses of 40 micrograms/kg and 800 micrograms/kg elicited @entity7875 behavior and stereotypy, respectively. @entity3826 in a dose of 800 micrograms/kg elicited stereotypy in @entity35 treated 3 min before with 10 micrograms/kg of @entity1767 . Therefore, electrophysiological determinations of events in the SNC dopaminergic neurons are given support by the behavior observed in these @entity35 .

title: Electrophysiological and behavioral assessments of dopamine autoreceptor activation to @entity3826 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The protective roles of metallothioneins (MT) against metal @entity137 suggest that MT may have a functional role in @entity900 resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of MT in specimens of @entity2971 and compare it with clinical sensitivity to @entity900 based chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tissue blocks of primary GCT specimens obtained from 39 @entity1 were examined immunohistochemically for MT expression. Staining intensity was evaluated according to the percentage of MT positive cells and graded as [-], [+] and [++]. The staining characteristics were compared with the clinical response to chemotherapy. RESULTS: Of the 39 @entity5 , 3 evidenced no MT expression while 26 and 10 specimens showed [+] and [++] staining, respectively. Although @entity4797 tend to stain weaker than @entity4797 , the difference of staining between them was not significant (p = 0.19). Of the 39 @entity1 , 23 underwent @entity900 based chemotherapy. Of those, 6 progressed and 17 achieved complete remission. Of the non-responders, 5 showed [+] and 1 showed [++] staining. Six of the responders showed [+], 10 had [++] and 1 showed no staining. No association was found between MT staining and chemo-sensitivity (p = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: MT expression in primary @entity2971 did not differ between responding and non-responding @entity1 and therefore may not be useful in predicting response to chemotherapy.

title: Association of metallothionein expression and clinical response to XXXX based chemotherapy in testicular @entity2971 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas', 'non-seminomas']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The protective roles of metallothioneins (MT) against metal @entity137 suggest that MT may have a functional role in @entity900 resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of MT in specimens of @entity2971 and compare it with clinical sensitivity to @entity900 based chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tissue blocks of primary GCT specimens obtained from 39 @entity1 were examined immunohistochemically for MT expression. Staining intensity was evaluated according to the percentage of MT positive cells and graded as [-], [+] and [++]. The staining characteristics were compared with the clinical response to chemotherapy. RESULTS: Of the 39 @entity5 , 3 evidenced no MT expression while 26 and 10 specimens showed [+] and [++] staining, respectively. Although @entity4797 tend to stain weaker than @entity4797 , the difference of staining between them was not significant (p = 0.19). Of the 39 @entity1 , 23 underwent @entity900 based chemotherapy. Of those, 6 progressed and 17 achieved complete remission. Of the non-responders, 5 showed [+] and 1 showed [++] staining. Six of the responders showed [+], 10 had [++] and 1 showed no staining. No association was found between MT staining and chemo-sensitivity (p = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: MT expression in primary @entity2971 did not differ between responding and non-responding @entity1 and therefore may not be useful in predicting response to chemotherapy.

title: Association of metallothionein expression and clinical response to @entity900 based chemotherapy in testicular XXXX .

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['germ cell tumors']


abstract: @entity978 is an example for a @entity5 with an extremely tight interaction of @entity5 cells with cells from the @entity5 micro-environment. These so-called bystander cells are not inert but interact actively with the @entity5 cells. Some of these cells support @entity5 growth by delivery of co-stimulating and anti-apoptotic signals ("helper cells"). Other cells ("killer cells") are involved in the anti- @entity5 immune response which is obviously not efficient enough for @entity5 elimination. The activity of both helper cells and killer cells is regulated by additional cells in the stroma ("regulatory cells"). The dynamic behavior of such multi-component systems is difficult to predict. In the present paper we propose a model that can be used for simulation of essential features of this system. In this model, @entity5 growth depends on (i) presence of few @entity5 stem cells, (ii) co-stimulation of @entity5 cells by the @entity5 stroma, (iii) activity of regulatory cells that suppress killer cells without suppression of helper cells. The success of cytotoxic/cytostatic therapy in this model varies depending on the therapy-related @entity137 for each of the cell populations. The model also allows the analysis of immunotherapeutic interventions. Under certain conditions, paradox enhancement of @entity5 growth can occur after therapeutic intervention. The model might be useful for the design of new treatment strategies for @entity978 and other @entity5 with prominent @entity5 -stroma interaction.

title: A Multi-Component Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's Lymphoma']


abstract: Chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (CI-2), a @entity563 proteinase inhibitor from @entity2247 seeds, has been crystallized and its three-dimensional structure determined at 2.0-A resolution by the molecular replacement method. The structure has been refined by restrained-parameter least-squares methods to a crystallographic R factor (= sigma parallel Fo magnitude of-Fo parallel/sigma magnitude of Fo) o of 0.198. CI-2 is a member of the @entity415 inhibitor 1 family. It lacks the characteristic stabilizing @entity1520 bonds of most other members of @entity563 proteinase inhibitor families. The body of CI-2 shows few conformational changes between the free inhibitor and the previously reported structure of CI-2 in complex with subtilisin Novo [McPhalen, C.A., Svendsen, I., Jonassen, I., _ James, M.N.G. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 7242-7246]. However, the reactive site loop has some significant conformational differences between the free inhibitor and its complexed form. The residues in this segment of polypeptide exhibit relatively large thermal motion parameters and some disorder in the uncomplexed form of the inhibitor. The reactive site bond is between Met-59I and @entity367 -60I in the consecutive sequential numbering of CI-2 (Met-60- @entity367 -61 according to the alignment of Svendsen et al. [Svendsen, I., Hejgaard, J., _ Chavan, J.K. (1984) Carlsberg Res. Commun. 49, 493-502]). The network of @entity3884 bonds and electrostatic interactions stabilizing the conformation of the reactive site loop is much less extensive in the free than in the complexed inhibitor.

title: Crystal and molecular structure of the @entity563 proteinase inhibitor CI-2 from XXXX seeds.

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: Chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (CI-2), a @entity563 proteinase inhibitor from @entity2247 seeds, has been crystallized and its three-dimensional structure determined at 2.0-A resolution by the molecular replacement method. The structure has been refined by restrained-parameter least-squares methods to a crystallographic R factor (= sigma parallel Fo magnitude of-Fo parallel/sigma magnitude of Fo) o of 0.198. CI-2 is a member of the @entity415 inhibitor 1 family. It lacks the characteristic stabilizing @entity1520 bonds of most other members of @entity563 proteinase inhibitor families. The body of CI-2 shows few conformational changes between the free inhibitor and the previously reported structure of CI-2 in complex with subtilisin Novo [McPhalen, C.A., Svendsen, I., Jonassen, I., _ James, M.N.G. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 7242-7246]. However, the reactive site loop has some significant conformational differences between the free inhibitor and its complexed form. The residues in this segment of polypeptide exhibit relatively large thermal motion parameters and some disorder in the uncomplexed form of the inhibitor. The reactive site bond is between Met-59I and @entity367 -60I in the consecutive sequential numbering of CI-2 (Met-60- @entity367 -61 according to the alignment of Svendsen et al. [Svendsen, I., Hejgaard, J., _ Chavan, J.K. (1984) Carlsberg Res. Commun. 49, 493-502]). The network of @entity3884 bonds and electrostatic interactions stabilizing the conformation of the reactive site loop is much less extensive in the free than in the complexed inhibitor.

title: Crystal and molecular structure of the XXXX proteinase inhibitor CI-2 from @entity2247 seeds.

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The JAK2V617F mutation is present in the majority of @entity1 with @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) and @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ). The impact of this mutation on disease phenotype in @entity4407 and @entity4018 is still a matter of discussion. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in clinical presentation and disease outcome between @entity4407 and @entity4018 @entity1 with and without the JAK2V617F mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this single-center study, a total of 184 consecutive Philadelphia-negative chronic @entity5 , 107 cases of @entity4407 and 77 cases of @entity4018 , were genotyped for JAK2V617F mutation using the @entity4016 Ipsogen MutaScreen assay, which involves allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity4407 @entity1 positive for JAK2V617F mutation had higher hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels, lower platelet counts, and more prevalent @entity381 at diagnosis compared to @entity1 negative for the JAK2V617F mutation, but rates of major @entity715 events, arterial @entity715 , and @entity49 were comparable between the groups. At presentation, @entity4018 @entity1 with JAK2V617F mutation had significantly higher Hb and Hct levels and leukocyte counts than @entity1 without the mutation. Similar to the findings of @entity4407 @entity1 , @entity1031 rates were similar in @entity4018 @entity1 with and without theJAK2V617F mutation. For @entity4407 and @entity4018 @entity1 , no difference was observed in rates of death with respect to JAK2V617F mutational status. Moreover, leukemic transformation rate was not different in our @entity4018 @entity1 with and without @entity4016 V617F mutation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that JAK2V617F-mutated @entity4407 @entity1 express a @entity6582 vera-like phenotype and JAK2V617F mutation in @entity4018 @entity1 is associated with a more pronounced myeloproliferative phenotype.

title: Impact of JAK2V617F Mutational Status on Phenotypic Features in @entity4407 and Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['primary myelofibrosis', 'PMF']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['ET', 'essential thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity4018 :: (MESH:D055728,Disease) :: ['Myelofibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The JAK2V617F mutation is present in the majority of @entity1 with @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) and @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ). The impact of this mutation on disease phenotype in @entity4407 and @entity4018 is still a matter of discussion. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in clinical presentation and disease outcome between @entity4407 and @entity4018 @entity1 with and without the JAK2V617F mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this single-center study, a total of 184 consecutive Philadelphia-negative chronic @entity5 , 107 cases of @entity4407 and 77 cases of @entity4018 , were genotyped for JAK2V617F mutation using the @entity4016 Ipsogen MutaScreen assay, which involves allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity4407 @entity1 positive for JAK2V617F mutation had higher hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels, lower platelet counts, and more prevalent @entity381 at diagnosis compared to @entity1 negative for the JAK2V617F mutation, but rates of major @entity715 events, arterial @entity715 , and @entity49 were comparable between the groups. At presentation, @entity4018 @entity1 with JAK2V617F mutation had significantly higher Hb and Hct levels and leukocyte counts than @entity1 without the mutation. Similar to the findings of @entity4407 @entity1 , @entity1031 rates were similar in @entity4018 @entity1 with and without theJAK2V617F mutation. For @entity4407 and @entity4018 @entity1 , no difference was observed in rates of death with respect to JAK2V617F mutational status. Moreover, leukemic transformation rate was not different in our @entity4018 @entity1 with and without @entity4016 V617F mutation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that JAK2V617F-mutated @entity4407 @entity1 express a @entity6582 vera-like phenotype and JAK2V617F mutation in @entity4018 @entity1 is associated with a more pronounced myeloproliferative phenotype.

title: Impact of JAK2V617F Mutational Status on Phenotypic Features in XXXX and Primary @entity4018 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity4407 :: (MESH:D013920,Disease) :: ['Essential Thrombocythemia']


abstract: The effect of intra-aortic counterpulsation (IACP, 22-94 hr) on hemodynamics and cardiac energetics was evaluated in 10 @entity1 in @entity1457 after @entity583 . The data clearly indicate that IACP improves myocardial oxygenation, enhances peripheral perfusion, and probably improves myocardial contractility in the severely diseased heart. Before treatment, decreases in cardiac index (mean value, 1.22 liter/min per m(2)), systolic ejection rate (67 ml/sec), and time-tension index per minute (1280 mm Hg.sec/min) were observed. Systemic vascular resistance varied widely. Low coronary blood flow (68 ml/min per 100 g) was associated with increased myocardial @entity26 extraction (79%), low coronary sinus @entity26 tension (20 mm Hg), and abnormal myocardial @entity880 - @entity2388 metabolism. During 4-6 hr of IACP, systolic pressure and left ventricular outflow resistance decreased by 18% and 24%, respectively, while cardiac index improved by 38%. Diastolic arterial pressure rose 98%. Increase in coronary blood flow from an average of 68 to 91 ml/100 g per min (P < 0.001) was significantly correlated with rise in mean arterial pressure (r = 0.685). This correlation was best expressed in a third-order curve, which intercepts the point of no flow at a mean aortic pressure of 30 mm Hg. The flow-pressure curve is relatively flat above 65-70 mm Hg, but becomes steeper as mean aortic pressure falls below this point. Myocardial @entity26 consumption remained essentially unchanged during early IACP and tended to rise during the later stages. However, the relationship of cardiac work performed to @entity26 availability was markedly improved. Myocardial lactate production of 6% shifted to 15% extraction (P < 0.001). After termination of IACP, hemodynamics and myocardial perfusion and metabolism remained improved in the four @entity1 who could be reevaluated. Although the acute @entity1457 state was reversed in all @entity1 , only one left the hospital. Extensive @entity296 limits the long-term survival of such @entity1 . Therefore early IACP seems desirable, when subtle evidence of pump failure after @entity583 occurs. Early use of IACP may prevent the development of severe @entity301 or may stabilize cardiac energetics in severe @entity1457 facilitating subsequent surgical intervention.

title: The effects of intra-aortic counterpulsation on cardiac performance and metabolism in @entity1457 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The effect of intra-aortic counterpulsation (IACP, 22-94 hr) on hemodynamics and cardiac energetics was evaluated in 10 @entity1 in @entity1457 after @entity583 . The data clearly indicate that IACP improves myocardial oxygenation, enhances peripheral perfusion, and probably improves myocardial contractility in the severely diseased heart. Before treatment, decreases in cardiac index (mean value, 1.22 liter/min per m(2)), systolic ejection rate (67 ml/sec), and time-tension index per minute (1280 mm Hg.sec/min) were observed. Systemic vascular resistance varied widely. Low coronary blood flow (68 ml/min per 100 g) was associated with increased myocardial @entity26 extraction (79%), low coronary sinus @entity26 tension (20 mm Hg), and abnormal myocardial @entity880 - @entity2388 metabolism. During 4-6 hr of IACP, systolic pressure and left ventricular outflow resistance decreased by 18% and 24%, respectively, while cardiac index improved by 38%. Diastolic arterial pressure rose 98%. Increase in coronary blood flow from an average of 68 to 91 ml/100 g per min (P < 0.001) was significantly correlated with rise in mean arterial pressure (r = 0.685). This correlation was best expressed in a third-order curve, which intercepts the point of no flow at a mean aortic pressure of 30 mm Hg. The flow-pressure curve is relatively flat above 65-70 mm Hg, but becomes steeper as mean aortic pressure falls below this point. Myocardial @entity26 consumption remained essentially unchanged during early IACP and tended to rise during the later stages. However, the relationship of cardiac work performed to @entity26 availability was markedly improved. Myocardial lactate production of 6% shifted to 15% extraction (P < 0.001). After termination of IACP, hemodynamics and myocardial perfusion and metabolism remained improved in the four @entity1 who could be reevaluated. Although the acute @entity1457 state was reversed in all @entity1 , only one left the hospital. Extensive @entity296 limits the long-term survival of such @entity1 . Therefore early IACP seems desirable, when subtle evidence of pump failure after @entity583 occurs. Early use of IACP may prevent the development of severe @entity301 or may stabilize cardiac energetics in severe @entity1457 facilitating subsequent surgical intervention.

title: The effects of intra-aortic counterpulsation on cardiac performance and metabolism in XXXX associated with @entity583 .

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['shock']


abstract: We studied the regional differences both of reactivity to various stimulants and of neurogenic responses elicited by transmural stimulation in the longitudinal and circular muscles of the truncal portal vein, mesenteric vein, splenic vein and gastric vein of the @entity235 portal tree. Strong spontaneous activity appeared in the longitudinal muscle of the truncal portal vein (96% of preparations tested). Weak spontaneous activity sometimes appeared in the circular muscle of the truncal portal vein (41%) and rarely in the longitudinal muscle of the mesenteric vein (12%). It did not appear in other segments. The splenic vein and the gastric vein showed similar patterns in the relationship between resting tension and response to @entity1063 ; that is, the responsiveness of either longitudinal or circular muscle of these two veins increased and then decreased almost parallel as resting tension increased and reached a maximum under the same resting tension. The longitudinal muscle of both the truncal portal vein and the mesenteric vein was more responsive to @entity1063 , @entity934 , @entity112 and @entity4338 than the circular muscle; for example 2.02 and 1.44 times more responsive to @entity1063 , respectively. On the other hand, the longitudinal muscle of the splenic vein and the gastric vein responded less well than the circular muscle; for example 0.36 and 0.16 times as responsive to @entity1063 , respectively. @entity934 and @entity112 caused marked contractions which were comparable to those elicited by @entity1063 in the longitudinal muscle of the truncal portal vein. @entity934 also elicited similar contractions in the longitudinal muscle of the mesenteric vein but the responses induced in preparations of other segments were small. 6 The longitudinal muscle of the truncal portal vein responded well even to low-frequency stimulation of 2 Hz, while the circular muscles of the truncal portal and splenic veins gave marked responses only to high-frequency stimulation of 10 or 20 Hz or more. These contractile responses were attenuated by @entity5521 (10-6 M) or @entity3897 (10-6 M). The longitudinal muscle of the splenic vein showed no significant response to stimuli of any frequency. 7 It seems that the portal tree receives not only adrenergic but also cholinergic innervation. In addition, the longitudinal muscle of the truncal portal vein may receive non-adrenergic, noncholinergic innervation as well. 8 The longitudinal muscle of the portal vein may be crucial to venous return in assisting movement of the blood it contains. If this is the case in @entity1 , then the regional differences in the portal tree demonstrated in this study may explain why varicose changes during portal @entity101 occur preferentially in the oesophagogastric region and rarely in other regions, as @entity1503 may occur more readily in the regions of the gastric and splenic veins where the longitudinal muscle is not very active.

title: Regional differences of reactivity to stimulants in the XXXX portal tree.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood stasis']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: @entity1030 and @entity565 impose a substantial burden of disease. This narrative review focuses on potential population-wide interventions that are likely to have an impact on these diseases. The developmental origins of adult disease commence in utero, with maternal nutrition being of particular interest. However, to date, trials of maternal allergen avoidance, dietary supplementation or probiotics have not shown consistent protective effects against @entity565 . Poor indoor air quality, especially from biomass fuels as well as second-hand @entity286 smoke, is a well-recognised risk factor for chronic @entity1576 . This can be modified by cleaner fuels, cooking stoves or heaters, and improved ventilation. Although allergens are a risk factor for childhood @entity565 , the results of interventions to reduce exposures have been disappointing. Traffic-related air pollution is associated with an increased incidence of @entity565 in @entity1 . Primary prevention of the adverse effects of air pollution has focused on the development of ambient air quality guidelines, but enforcement remains a challenge in many countries. @entity7446 may be induced by sensitisers or irritants in the workplace. Prevention involves eliminating the agent or reducing exposure as far as possible, which is more effective than respiratory protective equipment. Smoking cessation remains a key proven preventive strategy for chronic @entity1576 . There is now an international framework for @entity286 control, and recent innovations include plain packaging of @entity286 . Chronic @entity1576 can be substantially prevented by the above population-wide interventions.

title: Population-wide preventive interventions for reducing the burden of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['Occupational asthma']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['chronic respiratory disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine the possibility of Carthami-Semen (CS, Safflower seed) acupuncture point injection as a new promising treatment for @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ). METHODS: A total of 40 subjects with @entity2794 were recruited and randomised to a CS acupuncture point injection group or a @entity4361 ( @entity4361 ) acupuncture point injection group. Acupuncture point injections were applied twice a week during 4 weeks to the bilateral Fengchi (GB20), Jianjing (GB21) and Taiyang (EX-HN5) acupoints with CS extract or @entity4361 . OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was @entity10 -related quality of life (QoL), assessed using the @entity10 ( @entity10 ). Secondary outcome measures were the changes in the number of @entity10 -free days and health status as assessed with the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS: @entity10 scores decreased by 14.9 points in the CS acupuncture point injection group compared with 7.9 points in the @entity4361 acupuncture point injection group (p=0.013). @entity10 -free days increased by 32.6% in the CS acupuncture point injection group compared with 17.4% in the @entity4361 acupuncture point injection group (p=0.045). There were significant increases in SF-36 scores compared with baseline in both groups, but the mean improvement was greater in the CS acupuncture point injection group. No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the CS acupuncture point injection could be a new safe and promising treatment for @entity2794 . A larger and long-term follow-up trial is needed to determine more definitely the efficacy of CS acupuncture point injection and to elucidate how long the effect lasts.

title: Carthami-Semen acupuncture point injection for XXXX : a pilot, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity4361 :: ('MESH:C537354', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'normal saline']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache Impact Test', 'HIT', 'headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['CDH', 'chronic daily headache']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['chronic daily headache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol integrates a number of perioperative interventions and techniques, aiming at decreasing the morbidity rate and the length of postoperative hospital stay after surgery. Although it has become a standard perioperative management for colorectal surgery, the feasibility of the ERAS protocol for gastric surgery remains unclear. METHODS: This single-center, prospective phase II study included @entity1 with @entity356 undergoing curative gastrectomy. The primary end point was the incidence of @entity260 . The secondary end points were the incidence of @entity834 , the incidence of @entity55 , the proportion of @entity1 starting oral feeding at postoperative day 2, the completion rate of the ERAS protocol, the length of postoperative hospital stay, the readmission rate within 30  days after discharge, and the mortality rate. RESULTS: From September 2013 to September 2014, 121 eligible @entity1 were enrolled in this study. The incidence of @entity260 was 10.7  % (90  % confidence interval, 6.47-16.54  %). @entity834 and @entity55 was observed in one and zero @entity1 , respectively. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 8  days, and the completion rate of the ERAS protocol was 85.1  %. The readmission rate and the mortality rate were 0  %. CONCLUSIONS: The ERAS protocol can be safely used in @entity1 undergoing @entity356 surgery. The superiority of the ERAS protocol over non-ERAS perioperative management should be clarified.

title: A phase II study of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Clavien-Dindo grade II or higher postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Uncertainty exists about the long-term safety and efficacy outcomes of @entity3446 -eluting stents (SESs) in unselected @entity1 . The present study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the SES in treatment of @entity1 with @entity453 in an unselected population. Over a 2-year period, 1,504 consecutive @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with >= 1 SES were enrolled. The primary end point was the occurrence of @entity177 (TVF; a composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , or clinically driven target vessel revascularization). An independent clinical event committee adjudicated all adverse events up to 2-year follow-up. Dual antiplatelet therapy was recommended for >= 1 year throughout the study period. Mean age was 65    11 years; 75% were @entity1 , and 34% were @entity6 . SESs were implanted for off-label indications in 86% of cases. TVF rates were 3.3%, 6.9%, 11.5%, and 15.5% at 30-day, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-ups, respectively. The 2-year cumulative rate of definite/probable stent @entity715 was 0.9%; 0.2% was very late @entity715 , occurring from 1 year to 2 years. @entity1 off dual antiplatelet therapy at 6 months had a significantly increased rate of subsequent death from noncardiac causes. @entity1 off dual antiplatelet therapy at 1 year had a significantly decreased rate of subsequent clinically driven @entity75 revascularization. In conclusion, use of SESs in unselected @entity1 with @entity453 was associated with a low TVF rate at 2 years with an acceptable incidence of stent @entity715 .

title: Two-year safety and effectiveness of XXXX -eluting stents (from a prospective registry).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['target vessel failure']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that portal-systemic shunts be avoided in alcoholic cirrhotics because survival rate is allegedly lower in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics. We examined this issue in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Two hundred eleven unselected, consecutive @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity548 esophageal varices were randomized to endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) (n = 106) or emergency portacaval shunt (EPCS) (105). Treatment was initiated within 8 h. EST failure was treated by rescue portacaval shunt (PCS). Ten-year follow-up was 96%. RESULTS: Results strongly favored EPCS over EST (P  < 0.001). Among EPCS @entity1 , 83% were alcoholic and 17% nonalcoholic. Outcomes were (1) permanent control of @entity548 100% versus 100%; (2) 5-y survival 71% versus 78%; (3) @entity75 14% versus 19%; (4) yearly charges  38,300 versus  43,000. CONCLUSIONS: EPCS results were similar in alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhotics. EPCS is an effective first line emergency treatment in all forms of @entity82 , including alcoholic.

title: Alcoholic versus nonalcoholic XXXX in a randomized controlled trial of emergency therapy of @entity548 varices.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that portal-systemic shunts be avoided in alcoholic cirrhotics because survival rate is allegedly lower in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics. We examined this issue in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Two hundred eleven unselected, consecutive @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity548 esophageal varices were randomized to endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) (n = 106) or emergency portacaval shunt (EPCS) (105). Treatment was initiated within 8 h. EST failure was treated by rescue portacaval shunt (PCS). Ten-year follow-up was 96%. RESULTS: Results strongly favored EPCS over EST (P  < 0.001). Among EPCS @entity1 , 83% were alcoholic and 17% nonalcoholic. Outcomes were (1) permanent control of @entity548 100% versus 100%; (2) 5-y survival 71% versus 78%; (3) @entity75 14% versus 19%; (4) yearly charges  38,300 versus  43,000. CONCLUSIONS: EPCS results were similar in alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhotics. EPCS is an effective first line emergency treatment in all forms of @entity82 , including alcoholic.

title: Alcoholic versus nonalcoholic @entity82 in a randomized controlled trial of emergency therapy of XXXX varices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this review, we discuss the way that insights from evolutionary theory and systems biology shed light on form and function in @entity1 reproductive systems. In the first part of the review, we contrast the rapid evolution seen in some reproductive genes with the generally conservative nature of development. We discuss directional selection and coevolution as potential drivers of rapid evolution in sperm and egg proteins. Such rapid change is very different from the highly conservative nature of later embryo development. However, it is not unique, as some regions of the sex chromosomes also show elevated rates of evolutionary change. To explain these contradictory trends, we argue that it is not reproductive functions per se that induce rapid evolution. Rather, it is the fact that biotic interactions, such as speciation events and sexual conflict, have no evolutionary endpoint and hence can drive continuous evolutionary changes. Returning to the question of sex chromosome evolution, we discuss the way that recent advances in evolutionary genomics and systems biology and, in particular, the development of a theory of gene balance provide a better understanding of the evolutionary patterns seen on these chromosomes. We end the review with a discussion of a surprising and incompletely understood phenomenon observed in early embryos: namely the Warburg effect, whereby @entity413 is fermented to @entity880 and @entity3929 rather than respired to @entity544 . We argue that evolutionary insights, from both @entity375 and @entity5 cells, help to explain the Warburg effect, and that new metabolic modeling approaches are useful in assessing the potential sources of the effect.

title: Some assembly required: evolutionary and systems perspectives on the XXXX reproductive system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of sonography in assessing @entity5 compared with @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ). METHODS: A randomized prospective study was performed on 40 cases of @entity5 . Magnetic resonance imaging and sonography of the tongue were performed, @entity5 spreading to particular sites was recorded in all cases. Sonographic and @entity2996 findings were correlated with histopathologic findings in 18 operable cases. In 22 inoperable cases, sonography was compared only with @entity2996 . RESULTS: In operable @entity1 , sonography achieved sensitivity of 61.1%, whereas @entity2996 achieved sensitivity of 94.4%. The difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The results for detection of individual site involvement on sonography and @entity2996 were as follows: intrinsic muscles only, 0 and 6, respectively; tongue base, 5 and 5; genioglossus muscle, 34 and 34; mylohyoid muscle, 9 and 8; sublingual space, 12 and 14; sublingual neurovascular bundle, 12 and 12; submandibular gland, 3 and 3; spread across the lingual septum, 17 and 17; and @entity133 , 0 and 1. There was no significant difference (P > .05) between sonography and @entity2996 in detecting involvement of the above-mentioned sites except for cases with only intrinsic muscles and @entity133 . @entity5 involving intrinsic tongue muscles only were not visualized on sonography. They all underwent surgery, resulting in reduced sensitivity of sonography in operable cases. CONCLUSIONS: Even though small @entity5 were difficult to visualize, sonography can play an important role in assessment of @entity5 extension in large growths, especially when @entity2996 is unavailable, contraindicated, or unaffordable, and for posttreatment follow-up.

title: Evaluation of XXXX Using High-Resolution Sonography: Comparison With Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tongue cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar involvement']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tongue Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the results of end-to-side nerve transfer of the superficial radial nerve into the median nerve for restoration of sensation and @entity158 relief at the dorsal radial aspect of the hand in C5 and C6 root @entity155 . METHODS: Eight @entity1 with a mean age of 32 years, with @entity809 and @entity158 at the dorsal radial aspect of the hand due to upper @entity2685 , had end-to-side nerve transfer of the superficial radial nerve into the ulnovolar part of the median nerve. Five @entity1 had S0 and 3 @entity1 had S1 sensory evaluation at the dorsal radial aspect of the affected hand. We evaluated @entity1 for @entity158 using a visual analog scale. We assessed sensory recovery with the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test and British Medical Research Score, respectively. The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 36 months (average, 28 mo). RESULTS: Six @entity1 had S2 and 2 @entity1 had S3. All @entity1 perceived at least one number lower of the Semmes-Weinstein filament in the dorsal radial aspect of the affected hand compared with the preoperative status. The best result was perception of the 3.61 filament in 2 @entity1 . No downgrading of the donor nerve was observed after surgery. All @entity1 had relief of @entity158 2 weeks after surgery, and the @entity158 decreased dramatically at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This method is a reliable, effective, and simple procedure. We recommend this sensory nerve transfer as an additional procedure to the combined motor nerve transfers to relieve @entity158 and restore sensation in the dorsal radial aspect of the hand in @entity1 who have C5 and C6 root @entity155 . TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: End-to-side radial sensory to median nerve transfer to restore sensation and relieve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain in C5 and C6 nerve root avulsion']


abstract: We used meta-analysis to synthesize current evidence regarding the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) on road traffic accidents in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) as well as on their performance in driving simulator. The primary outcomes were real accidents, near miss accidents, and accident-related events in the driving simulator. Pooled odds ratios (ORs), incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were appropriately calculated through fixed or random effects models after assessing between-study heterogeneity. Furthermore, risk differences (RDs) and numbers needed to treat (NNTs) were estimated for real and near miss accidents. Meta-regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of moderator variables and publication bias was also evaluated. Ten studies on real accidents (1221 @entity1 ), five studies on near miss accidents (769 @entity1 ) and six studies on the performance in driving simulator (110 @entity1 ) were included. A statistically significant reduction in real accidents (OR=0.21, 95% CI=0.12-0.35, random effects model; IRR=0.45, 95% CI=0.34-0.59, fixed effects model) and near miss accidents (OR=0.09, 95% CI=0.04-0.21, random effects model; IRR=0.23, 95% CI=0.08-0.67, random effects model) was observed. Likewise, a significant reduction in accident-related events was observed in the driving simulator ( @entity7126 =-1.20, 95% CI=-1.75 to -0.64, random effects). The RD for real accidents was -0.22 (95% CI=-0.32 to -0.13, random effects), with NNT equal to five @entity1 (95% CI=3-8), whereas for near miss accidents the RD was -0.47 (95% CI=-0.69 to -0.25, random effects), with NNT equal to two @entity1 (95% CI=1-4). For near miss accidents, meta-regression analysis suggested that nCPAP seemed more effective among @entity1 entering the studies with higher baseline accident rates. In conclusion, all three meta-analyses demonstrated a sizeable protective effect of nCPAP on road traffic accidents, both in real life and virtual environment.

title: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment for XXXX , road traffic accidents and driving simulator performance: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSA', 'obstructive sleep apnea']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']