abstract: Elevated plasma @entity4090 and mild hypocortisolemia have been observed in @entity1 with @entity627 . This study was designed to assess the potential inhibitory effect of @entity4089 on @entity1636 . @entity4053 was induced by intravenous insulin injection (0.1 IU/kg) in 10 female volunteers of fertile age during their follicular phase twice: 60 min after either @entity2211 (10 mg orally) or placebo administration. Blood samples were collected from an indwelling catheter inserted into the cubital vein at -60, 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. The concentrations of @entity4090 , @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ), @entity701 , @entity1425 , @entity1063 and @entity413 were measured in plasma. @entity2211 administration significantly increased plasma @entity4090 concentrations (71 +/- 11 ng/ml vs. 14 +/- 6 ng/ml; p <0.001), while basal plasma concentrations of @entity4545 , @entity701 , @entity1063 and @entity1425 were unaffected. Insulin-induced @entity4053 resulted in a significant rise in the mean plasma @entity4545 levels from 10 +/- 1 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 11 +/- 1 pg/ml (controls) to 148 +/- 19 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 139 +/- 12 pg/ml (controls) at 45 min (p < 0.001), in plasma @entity701 from 407 +/- 62 nmol/l ( @entity2211 ) and 391 +/- 42 nmol/l (controls) to 925 +/- 60 nmol/l ( @entity2211 ) and 810 +/- 52 nmol/l (controls) at 60 min (p < 0.001), and in plasma @entity1425 from 40 +/- 26 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 16 +/- 3 pg/ml (controls) to 274 +/- 55 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 352 +/- 61 pg/ml (controls) at 30 min; (p < 0.001). The significant increase in @entity4545 , @entity701 and @entity1425 responses to @entity4053 was similar in both groups. We observed mild @entity1063 response to @entity4053 but this was irrespective of the medication. In conclusion, pharmacologically-induced @entity4089 did not induce significant changes of @entity1636 and did not influence sympathoadrenal activity in healthy young @entity1 .

title: XXXX does not influence @entity1636 during @entity4053 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['Hyperprolactinemia']


abstract: Elevated plasma @entity4090 and mild hypocortisolemia have been observed in @entity1 with @entity627 . This study was designed to assess the potential inhibitory effect of @entity4089 on @entity1636 . @entity4053 was induced by intravenous insulin injection (0.1 IU/kg) in 10 female volunteers of fertile age during their follicular phase twice: 60 min after either @entity2211 (10 mg orally) or placebo administration. Blood samples were collected from an indwelling catheter inserted into the cubital vein at -60, 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. The concentrations of @entity4090 , @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ), @entity701 , @entity1425 , @entity1063 and @entity413 were measured in plasma. @entity2211 administration significantly increased plasma @entity4090 concentrations (71 +/- 11 ng/ml vs. 14 +/- 6 ng/ml; p <0.001), while basal plasma concentrations of @entity4545 , @entity701 , @entity1063 and @entity1425 were unaffected. Insulin-induced @entity4053 resulted in a significant rise in the mean plasma @entity4545 levels from 10 +/- 1 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 11 +/- 1 pg/ml (controls) to 148 +/- 19 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 139 +/- 12 pg/ml (controls) at 45 min (p < 0.001), in plasma @entity701 from 407 +/- 62 nmol/l ( @entity2211 ) and 391 +/- 42 nmol/l (controls) to 925 +/- 60 nmol/l ( @entity2211 ) and 810 +/- 52 nmol/l (controls) at 60 min (p < 0.001), and in plasma @entity1425 from 40 +/- 26 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 16 +/- 3 pg/ml (controls) to 274 +/- 55 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 352 +/- 61 pg/ml (controls) at 30 min; (p < 0.001). The significant increase in @entity4545 , @entity701 and @entity1425 responses to @entity4053 was similar in both groups. We observed mild @entity1063 response to @entity4053 but this was irrespective of the medication. In conclusion, pharmacologically-induced @entity4089 did not induce significant changes of @entity1636 and did not influence sympathoadrenal activity in healthy young @entity1 .

title: @entity4089 does not influence @entity1636 during XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['ACTH', 'adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone', 'Domperidone']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: Elevated plasma @entity4090 and mild hypocortisolemia have been observed in @entity1 with @entity627 . This study was designed to assess the potential inhibitory effect of @entity4089 on @entity1636 . @entity4053 was induced by intravenous insulin injection (0.1 IU/kg) in 10 female volunteers of fertile age during their follicular phase twice: 60 min after either @entity2211 (10 mg orally) or placebo administration. Blood samples were collected from an indwelling catheter inserted into the cubital vein at -60, 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. The concentrations of @entity4090 , @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ), @entity701 , @entity1425 , @entity1063 and @entity413 were measured in plasma. @entity2211 administration significantly increased plasma @entity4090 concentrations (71 +/- 11 ng/ml vs. 14 +/- 6 ng/ml; p <0.001), while basal plasma concentrations of @entity4545 , @entity701 , @entity1063 and @entity1425 were unaffected. Insulin-induced @entity4053 resulted in a significant rise in the mean plasma @entity4545 levels from 10 +/- 1 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 11 +/- 1 pg/ml (controls) to 148 +/- 19 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 139 +/- 12 pg/ml (controls) at 45 min (p < 0.001), in plasma @entity701 from 407 +/- 62 nmol/l ( @entity2211 ) and 391 +/- 42 nmol/l (controls) to 925 +/- 60 nmol/l ( @entity2211 ) and 810 +/- 52 nmol/l (controls) at 60 min (p < 0.001), and in plasma @entity1425 from 40 +/- 26 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 16 +/- 3 pg/ml (controls) to 274 +/- 55 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 352 +/- 61 pg/ml (controls) at 30 min; (p < 0.001). The significant increase in @entity4545 , @entity701 and @entity1425 responses to @entity4053 was similar in both groups. We observed mild @entity1063 response to @entity4053 but this was irrespective of the medication. In conclusion, pharmacologically-induced @entity4089 did not induce significant changes of @entity1636 and did not influence sympathoadrenal activity in healthy young @entity1 .

title: @entity4089 does not influence @entity1636 during @entity4053 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIMS: @entity364 of @entity4760 has not been described. We analysed the features of 17 @entity1 with @entity4760 probably infected with fungi. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 were identified with clinically infected foot @entity1066 , (i) which had failed to heal despite prolonged antibiotic therapy and intensive podiatric care, (ii) from which Candida spp. was isolated or hyphae +/- @entity375 were visualized in material from @entity1066 or surrounding skin. RESULTS: Multiple @entity1066 arising simultaneously were present in 10 @entity1 (59%), preceded by blistering in seven cases. Single @entity1066 with markedly ulcerated margins were present in seven (41%) @entity1 and were preceded by blisters in two. All 17 cases had @entity16 and 15 (88%) had severe @entity1095 . All @entity1066 responded to antifungal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Candida spp. is associated with two distinctive patterns of protracted @entity1066 in @entity6 which improve following systemic antifungal therapy. Diabet. Med. 18, 567-572 (2001)

title: XXXX of the @entity6 foot: two distinct syndromes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic feet']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Fungal infection']


abstract: AIMS: @entity364 of @entity4760 has not been described. We analysed the features of 17 @entity1 with @entity4760 probably infected with fungi. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 were identified with clinically infected foot @entity1066 , (i) which had failed to heal despite prolonged antibiotic therapy and intensive podiatric care, (ii) from which Candida spp. was isolated or hyphae +/- @entity375 were visualized in material from @entity1066 or surrounding skin. RESULTS: Multiple @entity1066 arising simultaneously were present in 10 @entity1 (59%), preceded by blistering in seven cases. Single @entity1066 with markedly ulcerated margins were present in seven (41%) @entity1 and were preceded by blisters in two. All 17 cases had @entity16 and 15 (88%) had severe @entity1095 . All @entity1066 responded to antifungal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Candida spp. is associated with two distinctive patterns of protracted @entity1066 in @entity6 which improve following systemic antifungal therapy. Diabet. Med. 18, 567-572 (2001)

title: @entity364 of the XXXX foot: two distinct syndromes.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Healthy heavy body weight strain of adult male @entity5872 ( @entity5872 ) of the same age were used in this study to observe the effect of hemicastration and castration on the frequency of foam discharges from cloacal gland and other related parameters. The quails were housed in individual cages and divided into four groups: control (intact birds), sham-operated control (intact birds with incision), hemicastrated, and castrated groups of birds. Hemicastration and castration were carried out surgically at 10 and 13 weeks of age, respectively. Subsequently, 3 weeks after castration birds were examined for different parameters. Hemicastration caused a significant (P < 0.05) drop in the foam discharge frequency, weight of the foam, and the level of @entity251 in the plasma, whereas in castrated group these variables were observed nil or negligible as compared to both of the controls. A suppressive effect of hemicastration was also noticed on the body weight, area of the cloacal gland, as well as percent fertility. Castration induced the drastic regression of the cloacal gland and a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of the body weight was also noted as compared to other groups. Frequencies of foam discharges were twice the number in daytime (06:00-18:00 h) than night, irrespective of the groups. In another study, the effect of characteristics of foam or foam glands on fertility was examined in 77 male birds paired with females. Several characteristics of foam and foam glands were examined for @entity249 , such as light yellow foam, dark yellow foam, smaller area of foam gland (below 225 mm2), hardness of foam gland and certain unknown factors that contributed 0.23, 0.68, 5.23, 2.27 and 3.64% @entity249 , respectively. An overall 12.1% birds were found to be @entity249 . This data indicated that smaller sizes of foam glands might reflect the poorest fertilizing ability of the male birds. From this study, it may be concluded that the cloacal gland may be considered as an external indicator of testicular function of the birds. Characteristics of the cloacal gland or foam or both may be used as a simple and effective tool to predict the fertilizing ability of an individual male in view of the very small semen ejaculate that is very difficult to collect and evaluate for fertility.

title: Effects of hemicastration and castration on foam production and its relationship with fertility in male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Coturnix coturnix Japonica', 'Japanese quail']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese quail']


abstract: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) A33 detects a glycoprotein homogeneously expressed by > 95% of @entity1 @entity694 and by normal colon cells. The @entity13599 is not secreted or shed and after mAb A33 binds to antigen on the cell membrane, a fraction of membrane-bound mAb A33 is internalized into endosomes. Phase @entity70674 -mAb A33 biodistribution studies have shown consistent, specific @entity5 -targeting, and phase I radioimmunotherapy trials with 131I- or 125I-mAb A33 have demonstrated antitumor effects. Here we describe a nude @entity19 model that was established using a @entity1 @entity694 cell line, SW1222, which grows as a relatively hypovascular, invasive heterotransplant when injected i.m. Peak uptake of 131I-labeled or 111In-chelated mAb A33 was observed at 48-96 h, with a mean of 34% (SE +/- 5.0) and 46.7% (SE +/- 1.7) injected dose per gram of @entity5 tissue, respectively. 111In-mAb A33 was retained in @entity5 tissue longer than @entity2866 radioimmunoconjugates. The specificity of antibody localization was assessed using a control antibody ( @entity5 uptake and pharmacokinetics), a control @entity5 , corrections for vascular antibody blood-pooling in @entity5 tissue, and blocking of radiolabeled mAb A33 localization by pretreating @entity19 with excess unlabeled mAb A33. These experiments demonstrate that mAb A33 localization in @entity5 was specific, and they emphasize the unexpected rapidity with which the antibody localizes. Our conclusions were confirmed by immunohistochemical techniques which allowed direct visualization of localization and distribution of the humanized version of mAb A33 in @entity5 tissue. Furthermore, antibody doses approximating @entity5 -saturating doses demonstrated that a homogeneous distribution of antibody in @entity5 is possible. This model will be valuable for studies focusing on general physiologic aspects of antibody-to- @entity5 cell localization and critical as a guide to the evaluation of various A33 antibody constructs and combinations with other therapies for the treatment of @entity694 .

title: Rapid and specific targeting of monoclonal antibody A33 to a XXXX xenograft in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) A33 detects a glycoprotein homogeneously expressed by > 95% of @entity1 @entity694 and by normal colon cells. The @entity13599 is not secreted or shed and after mAb A33 binds to antigen on the cell membrane, a fraction of membrane-bound mAb A33 is internalized into endosomes. Phase @entity70674 -mAb A33 biodistribution studies have shown consistent, specific @entity5 -targeting, and phase I radioimmunotherapy trials with 131I- or 125I-mAb A33 have demonstrated antitumor effects. Here we describe a nude @entity19 model that was established using a @entity1 @entity694 cell line, SW1222, which grows as a relatively hypovascular, invasive heterotransplant when injected i.m. Peak uptake of 131I-labeled or 111In-chelated mAb A33 was observed at 48-96 h, with a mean of 34% (SE +/- 5.0) and 46.7% (SE +/- 1.7) injected dose per gram of @entity5 tissue, respectively. 111In-mAb A33 was retained in @entity5 tissue longer than @entity2866 radioimmunoconjugates. The specificity of antibody localization was assessed using a control antibody ( @entity5 uptake and pharmacokinetics), a control @entity5 , corrections for vascular antibody blood-pooling in @entity5 tissue, and blocking of radiolabeled mAb A33 localization by pretreating @entity19 with excess unlabeled mAb A33. These experiments demonstrate that mAb A33 localization in @entity5 was specific, and they emphasize the unexpected rapidity with which the antibody localizes. Our conclusions were confirmed by immunohistochemical techniques which allowed direct visualization of localization and distribution of the humanized version of mAb A33 in @entity5 tissue. Furthermore, antibody doses approximating @entity5 -saturating doses demonstrated that a homogeneous distribution of antibody in @entity5 is possible. This model will be valuable for studies focusing on general physiologic aspects of antibody-to- @entity5 cell localization and critical as a guide to the evaluation of various A33 antibody constructs and combinations with other therapies for the treatment of @entity694 .

title: Rapid and specific targeting of monoclonal antibody A33 to a @entity694 xenograft in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: To determine the relationships among length of @entity825 resected, total tracheal length, and anastomotic tension when using various release maneuvers, we studied 10 adult @entity1 cadavers: 5 male and 5 female. The @entity825 was transected between rings 2 and 3. Precision, handheld spring tensiometers (Geneva Gage, LLC) were used to measure the tension required to approximate, and then overlap, the proximal segment relative to the distal segment, and the distal segment relative to the proximal segment after these maneuvers: no release, blunt dissection, neck flexion, suprahyoid release (SHR) without neck flexion, SHR with neck flexion, and right hilar release. After the tension measurements were recorded, the @entity825 was harvested and the total tracheal length was measured. Length-tension curves were plotted for both the superior and inferior tracheal segments after each release maneuver. The stiffness coefficient for the @entity825 and the resting load on the @entity825 following each release maneuver were calculated. An exponential length-tension relationship existed for the distal tracheal segment regardless of whether release maneuvers were performed. The proximal tracheal segment exhibited a linear length-tension relationship initially, but displayed an exponential relationship after SHR. We could resect 6.68 cm (range, 4.2 to 9.9 cm), 13.3 rings (range, 10 to 20 rings), or 65.5% (range, 42% to 100%) of the @entity825 without undue tension (<1,000 g) on the @entity254 . We conclude that various tracheal release maneuvers are effective in increasing the length of @entity825 that can be relatively safely resected. However, these maneuvers are not uniformly effective across subjects.

title: Tracheal resection with primary XXXX in cadavers: the effects of releasing maneuvers and length of tracheal resection on tension.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: This study is a retrospective analysis of 134 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy at our hospital. The sample included 88 stage T1 and 46 stage T2 @entity1 . Sixty-two @entity1 had anterior commissure involvement, 37 @entity1 had impaired vocal @entity602 , and 24 @entity1 had supraglottic or subglottic extension. Irradiation was given, with the dose ranging from 60 to 72 Gy. Laryngectomy was the main salvage treatment for local recurrence. The 5-year initial and final local control rates were 71% and 83%, and the 10-year initial and final local control rates were 69% and 80%, comparable to the results of other series. The 5-year rate of overall survival with final larynx preservation was 77%. Multivariate analysis revealed that anterior commissure involvement is prognostic of a poor outcome in @entity1 with T1 @entity5 . Further subgroup analysis revealed that a fraction size of > 200 cGy could overcome the negative impact of anterior commissure involvement and significantly improve the 5-year local control rate in T1 @entity1 (100% at > 200 cGy versus 45% at < or = 200 cGy; p = .04). Subglottic extension of the @entity5 predicted poor outcome in T2 @entity1 . The 5-year local control rates of @entity1 with and without subglottic extension were 9% and 77%, respectively (p < .001). According to our results, radiotherapy with a fraction size of > 200 cGy is recommended for T1 disease with anterior commissure involvement. For @entity1 with @entity9212 and subglottic extension, radiotherapy alone produces poor results. Further improvement of outcomes by other treatment strategies needs to be investigated.

title: Radiotherapy of early-stage XXXX : analysis of factors affecting prognosis.

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord mobility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glottic cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['glottic cancer']


abstract: AIM: : To investigate the effect of the eradication of @entity1534 on histological @entity3621 . METHODS: : Twenty-six @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity194 received successful eradication therapy of @entity1534 . Four @entity1 dropped out and 22 were followed up prospectively for 5 years. The grades of @entity3621 were estimated from gastric biopsy specimens. The grade of intestinal metaplasia was also evaluated by dye-endoscopy using @entity6693 ( @entity6693 ). The serum levels of pepsinogen, @entity8243 and anti-parietal cell antibody were also determined. RESULTS: : The grades of @entity194 decreased in @entity1 with successful eradication therapy in the gastric corpus (before vs. 5 years after eradication, 2.09 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.91 +/- 0.17; P < 0.01) and in the antrum (2.14 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.36 +/- 0.17; P < 0.01). The levels of intestinal metaplasia were also decreased in the corpus (0.91 +/- 0.24 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.16; P < 0.05) and in the antrum (1.41 +/- 0.20 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.16; P < 0.05), which was also demonstrated by the @entity6693 ( @entity6693 ) staining method (33.4 +/- 8.2% vs. 23.0 +/- 6.5%; P < 0.05). The improvement of @entity194 correlated well with the high serum level of pepsinogen I (P = 0.005), but showed no correlation with the levels of anti-parietal cell antibody. CONCLUSIONS: : These results suggest that @entity356 and intestinal metaplasia are reversible events in some @entity1 .

title: XXXX eradication therapy improves atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia: a 5-year prospective study of @entity1 with atrophic gastritis.

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue', 'methylthioninium chloride']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['corpus atrophy', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori', 'H.pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric atrophy']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: AIM: : To investigate the effect of the eradication of @entity1534 on histological @entity3621 . METHODS: : Twenty-six @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity194 received successful eradication therapy of @entity1534 . Four @entity1 dropped out and 22 were followed up prospectively for 5 years. The grades of @entity3621 were estimated from gastric biopsy specimens. The grade of intestinal metaplasia was also evaluated by dye-endoscopy using @entity6693 ( @entity6693 ). The serum levels of pepsinogen, @entity8243 and anti-parietal cell antibody were also determined. RESULTS: : The grades of @entity194 decreased in @entity1 with successful eradication therapy in the gastric corpus (before vs. 5 years after eradication, 2.09 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.91 +/- 0.17; P < 0.01) and in the antrum (2.14 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.36 +/- 0.17; P < 0.01). The levels of intestinal metaplasia were also decreased in the corpus (0.91 +/- 0.24 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.16; P < 0.05) and in the antrum (1.41 +/- 0.20 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.16; P < 0.05), which was also demonstrated by the @entity6693 ( @entity6693 ) staining method (33.4 +/- 8.2% vs. 23.0 +/- 6.5%; P < 0.05). The improvement of @entity194 correlated well with the high serum level of pepsinogen I (P = 0.005), but showed no correlation with the levels of anti-parietal cell antibody. CONCLUSIONS: : These results suggest that @entity356 and intestinal metaplasia are reversible events in some @entity1 .

title: @entity1534 eradication therapy improves atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia: a 5-year prospective study of XXXX with atrophic gastritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) to @entity1 studies has been limited by the lack of the detailed organ information that is required for this analysis. PKQuest is a new generic PBPK that is designed to avoid this problem by using a set of "standard @entity1 " default parameters that are applicable to most solutes. RESULTS: PKQuest is used to model the @entity1 pharmacokinetics of the volatile solutes. A "standard @entity1 " value for the lipid content of the blood and each organ (klip) was chosen. This set of klip and the oil/water partition coefficient then specifies the organ/blood partition for each organ. Using this approach, the pharmacokinetics of inert volatile solute is completely specified by just 2 parameters: the water/air and oil/water partition coefficients. The model predictions of PKQuest were in good agreement with the experimental data for the inert solutes @entity4488 and @entity3810 and the metabolized solutes @entity1508 and @entity8336 . METHODS: The experimental data that was modeled was taken from previous publications. CONCLUSIONS: This approach greatly increases the predictive power of the PBPK. For inert volatile solutes the pharmacokinetics are determined just from the water/air and oil/water partition coefficient. @entity11961 cannot be modeled by this PBPK because the arterial and end tidal partial pressures are not equal (as assumed in the PBPK). This inequality results from the "washin-washout" artifact in the large airways that is established for solutes with large water/air partition coefficients.PKQuest and the worked examples are available on the web www.pkquest.com.

title: PKQuest: volatile solutes - application to @entity4488 , @entity3810 , @entity1508 , XXXX and @entity8336 pharmacokinetics.

entities_list: @entity11961 :: ('MESH:D008733', 'Chemical') :: ['Methoxyflurane']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

answer: @entity11961 :: (MESH:D008733,Chemical) :: ['methoxyflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) to @entity1 studies has been limited by the lack of the detailed organ information that is required for this analysis. PKQuest is a new generic PBPK that is designed to avoid this problem by using a set of "standard @entity1 " default parameters that are applicable to most solutes. RESULTS: PKQuest is used to model the @entity1 pharmacokinetics of the volatile solutes. A "standard @entity1 " value for the lipid content of the blood and each organ (klip) was chosen. This set of klip and the oil/water partition coefficient then specifies the organ/blood partition for each organ. Using this approach, the pharmacokinetics of inert volatile solute is completely specified by just 2 parameters: the water/air and oil/water partition coefficients. The model predictions of PKQuest were in good agreement with the experimental data for the inert solutes @entity4488 and @entity3810 and the metabolized solutes @entity1508 and @entity8336 . METHODS: The experimental data that was modeled was taken from previous publications. CONCLUSIONS: This approach greatly increases the predictive power of the PBPK. For inert volatile solutes the pharmacokinetics are determined just from the water/air and oil/water partition coefficient. @entity11961 cannot be modeled by this PBPK because the arterial and end tidal partial pressures are not equal (as assumed in the PBPK). This inequality results from the "washin-washout" artifact in the large airways that is established for solutes with large water/air partition coefficients.PKQuest and the worked examples are available on the web www.pkquest.com.

title: PKQuest: volatile solutes - application to @entity4488 , @entity3810 , XXXX , @entity11961 and @entity8336 pharmacokinetics.

answer: @entity1508 :: (MESH:D006221,Chemical) :: ['halothane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) to @entity1 studies has been limited by the lack of the detailed organ information that is required for this analysis. PKQuest is a new generic PBPK that is designed to avoid this problem by using a set of "standard @entity1 " default parameters that are applicable to most solutes. RESULTS: PKQuest is used to model the @entity1 pharmacokinetics of the volatile solutes. A "standard @entity1 " value for the lipid content of the blood and each organ (klip) was chosen. This set of klip and the oil/water partition coefficient then specifies the organ/blood partition for each organ. Using this approach, the pharmacokinetics of inert volatile solute is completely specified by just 2 parameters: the water/air and oil/water partition coefficients. The model predictions of PKQuest were in good agreement with the experimental data for the inert solutes @entity4488 and @entity3810 and the metabolized solutes @entity1508 and @entity8336 . METHODS: The experimental data that was modeled was taken from previous publications. CONCLUSIONS: This approach greatly increases the predictive power of the PBPK. For inert volatile solutes the pharmacokinetics are determined just from the water/air and oil/water partition coefficient. @entity11961 cannot be modeled by this PBPK because the arterial and end tidal partial pressures are not equal (as assumed in the PBPK). This inequality results from the "washin-washout" artifact in the large airways that is established for solutes with large water/air partition coefficients.PKQuest and the worked examples are available on the web www.pkquest.com.

title: PKQuest: volatile solutes - application to XXXX , @entity3810 , @entity1508 , @entity11961 and @entity8336 pharmacokinetics.

answer: @entity4488 :: (MESH:D004737,Chemical) :: ['enflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) to @entity1 studies has been limited by the lack of the detailed organ information that is required for this analysis. PKQuest is a new generic PBPK that is designed to avoid this problem by using a set of "standard @entity1 " default parameters that are applicable to most solutes. RESULTS: PKQuest is used to model the @entity1 pharmacokinetics of the volatile solutes. A "standard @entity1 " value for the lipid content of the blood and each organ (klip) was chosen. This set of klip and the oil/water partition coefficient then specifies the organ/blood partition for each organ. Using this approach, the pharmacokinetics of inert volatile solute is completely specified by just 2 parameters: the water/air and oil/water partition coefficients. The model predictions of PKQuest were in good agreement with the experimental data for the inert solutes @entity4488 and @entity3810 and the metabolized solutes @entity1508 and @entity8336 . METHODS: The experimental data that was modeled was taken from previous publications. CONCLUSIONS: This approach greatly increases the predictive power of the PBPK. For inert volatile solutes the pharmacokinetics are determined just from the water/air and oil/water partition coefficient. @entity11961 cannot be modeled by this PBPK because the arterial and end tidal partial pressures are not equal (as assumed in the PBPK). This inequality results from the "washin-washout" artifact in the large airways that is established for solutes with large water/air partition coefficients.PKQuest and the worked examples are available on the web www.pkquest.com.

title: PKQuest: volatile solutes - application to @entity4488 , @entity3810 , @entity1508 , @entity11961 and XXXX pharmacokinetics.

answer: @entity8336 :: (MESH:D014050,Chemical) :: ['toluene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) to @entity1 studies has been limited by the lack of the detailed organ information that is required for this analysis. PKQuest is a new generic PBPK that is designed to avoid this problem by using a set of "standard @entity1 " default parameters that are applicable to most solutes. RESULTS: PKQuest is used to model the @entity1 pharmacokinetics of the volatile solutes. A "standard @entity1 " value for the lipid content of the blood and each organ (klip) was chosen. This set of klip and the oil/water partition coefficient then specifies the organ/blood partition for each organ. Using this approach, the pharmacokinetics of inert volatile solute is completely specified by just 2 parameters: the water/air and oil/water partition coefficients. The model predictions of PKQuest were in good agreement with the experimental data for the inert solutes @entity4488 and @entity3810 and the metabolized solutes @entity1508 and @entity8336 . METHODS: The experimental data that was modeled was taken from previous publications. CONCLUSIONS: This approach greatly increases the predictive power of the PBPK. For inert volatile solutes the pharmacokinetics are determined just from the water/air and oil/water partition coefficient. @entity11961 cannot be modeled by this PBPK because the arterial and end tidal partial pressures are not equal (as assumed in the PBPK). This inequality results from the "washin-washout" artifact in the large airways that is established for solutes with large water/air partition coefficients.PKQuest and the worked examples are available on the web www.pkquest.com.

title: PKQuest: volatile solutes - application to @entity4488 , XXXX , @entity1508 , @entity11961 and @entity8336 pharmacokinetics.

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Autologous iliac crest bone enhances the rate of spinal arthrodesis. However, graft site complications are common, with donor site pain being particularly troublesome. Reconstruction of the @entity3946 with an absorbable @entity7049 mesh to restore the bony cortical contour has been proposed to reduce @entity158 . METHODS: Thirty-nine consecutive @entity1 treated by a single senior surgeon (BAG) during a 14-month period were studied. All @entity1 had @entity4720 treated through an anterior approach supplemented with an autologous hip graft. @entity1 with preexisting @entity158 were excluded. @entity158 was rated on a scale of 1 to 10 at 1 week and 3 months after surgery via a questionnaire. @entity282 medication regimens were standardized. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were available for follow-up, 15 with mesh implantation and 15 without. @entity158 in the mesh-treated group averaged 4.7 and 1.6 at 1 week and 3 months, respectively. @entity158 in the standard-treatment group averaged 6.9 and 2.5 at 1 week and 3 months, respectively. These differences were statistically significant (P = 0.004 at 1 wk and 0.055 at 3 mo). Hospital length of stay was shorter in the mesh-treated group (2.1 versus 3.2 d, respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant. Two @entity1 without mesh treatment complained of the cosmetic defect resulting from absent bone, and three had temporary difficulty with hip eversion or flexion. Two @entity1 in the mesh-treated group developed @entity2080 , which were treated conservatively. CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of the iliac crest reduces early @entity282 . Other potential benefits may include shorter hospitalizations and a reduced incidence of @entity425 ; however, careful attention to wound closure is necessary to prevent @entity2080 formation.

title: Polylactic acid mesh reconstruction of the anterior iliac crest after bone harvesting reduces early XXXX after anterior cervical fusion surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['seroma', 'seromas']

entities_list: @entity3946 :: ('MESH:D006618', 'Disease') :: ['hip defect']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactic acid']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['hip weakness']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Hip pain', 'Pain', 'hip pain']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: Multiparameter flow cytometry can allow for accurate lineage assignment of @entity1778 cell populations in approximately 99% of cases, whereby the emphasis lies in the word 'can'. Despite the fact that the very few markers that are lineage-specific are localized inside the cell (e.g. @entity3335 , lactoferrin, cytoplasmic CD3, cytoplasmic @entity10317 ), several investigators still shy away from including these essential test elements in their routine panels. Of course, the staining of intracellular antigens requires the added effort of determining optimal conditions. Published suggestions often need to be revised, and cell lines must be used as positive and negative controls. The same holds true for other new and exciting applications of flow cytometry, such as the monitoring of @entity41 ( @entity41 ) or the establishment of physiological assays (e.g. measuring the activity of drug-efflux pumps). The beauty of-and unfortunately for some, the problem with-multiparameter flow cytometry is that although immunophenotyping by flow cytometry has become a routine approach to the diagnosis of @entity5 it is a discipline that is still in development. New antibodies are continually being introduced and new diagnostic and prognostically relevant subtypes are being published in almost every issue of the major scientific journals. It is therefore very important for the flow cytometrist not only to strive for optimal performance of all tests employed but also to keep up with new knowledge and to incorporate it into the interpretation of routine specimens. We owe it to our @entity1 to diagnose their disease accurately and in accordance with accepted standards of interpretation so that the treating physicians can trust immunophenotyping results and act accordingly in the management of their @entity1 .

title: How to optimize multiparameter flow cytometry for XXXX /lymphoma diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the differential diagnosis of @entity359 ( @entity359 ), @entity1358 (clear cell RCC) and non- @entity1358 (non-clear cell RCC). METHOD: Forty-five @entity1 were enrolled and classified into three groups according to the surgical pathology results. There were even amount of subjects (15) in each group of @entity359 group, clear cell RCC group and non-clear cell RCC group (including 6 @entity1358 ). @entity981 the @entity1 underwent respiratory-triggered DWI on 3.0T MR system using multi b-values of 0, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, 800 sec/mm(2). Pure molecular-based (D), perfusion-related (D(*)) and vascular fraction (f) were calculated using a bi-exponential model. Comparisons of derived parameters derived by IVIM-DWI among three groups were performed using One-way ANOVA. RESULTS: D in clear cell RCC (1.8    1.5) * 10(-3)mm(2)/s was significantly higher than that in @entity359 (0.7    0.3) * 10(-3)mm(2)/s or non-clear cell RCC (0.9    0.3) * 10(-3)mm(2)/s (P < 0.05), while no statistical difference was observed between @entity359 and non-clear cell RCC (P = 0.807). D(*) demonstrated significant difference between @entity359 (33.3    18.2) * 10(-3)mm(2)/s and non-clear cell RCC (17.8    17.3) * 10(-3)mm(2)/s, (P < 0.05). No observed significant difference in f was revealed between any two groups. CONCLUSION: Pure water molecules (true diffusion) and capillary microcirculation (pseudo-diffusion) may result in the observed difference of parameters in these three types of @entity703 . D value can contribute to differentiate the clear cell RCC from @entity359 , and between clear cell and non-clear cell RCC as well. D(*) value may be applied to differentiate @entity359 from non-clear cell RCC.

title: [Intravoxel incoherent motion dwi in XXXX : differentiation between benign and malignant masses].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary RCC and 9 Chromophobe RCC', 'clear cell renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'Angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: In the conscious @entity95 , exposure to an air jet stressor increases arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output. During @entity548 , air jet exposure extends the @entity190 necessary to produce @entity551 . It is possible that this enhanced defense of arterial pressure is a general characteristic of stressors. However, some stressors such as oscillation (OSC), although they increase arterial pressure, do not change heart rate or cardiac output. The cardiovascular changes during OSC resemble those seen during freezing behavior. In the present study, our hypothesis was that, unlike air jet, OSC would not affect defense of @entity551 during @entity190 . Male New Zealand White @entity95 were chronically prepared with arterial and venous catheters and Doppler flow probes. We removed venous blood until mean arterial pressure decreased to 40 mmHg. We repeated the experiment in each @entity95 on separate days in the presence and absence (SHAM) of OSC. Compared with SHAM, OSC increased arterial pressure 14 +/- 1 mmHg, central venous pressure 3.3 +/- 0.4 mmHg, and hindquarter blood flow 34 +/- 4% while decreasing mesenteric conductance 32 +/- 3% and not changing heart rate or cardiac output. During normotensive @entity548 , OSC enhanced hindquarter and renal vasoconstriction. Contrary to our hypothesis, OSC (23.5 +/- 0.6 ml/kg) increased the @entity190 necessary to produce @entity551 compared with SHAM (16.8 +/- 0.6 ml/kg). In nine @entity95 , OSC prevented @entity551 even after a @entity190 of 27 ml/kg. Thus a stressful stimulus that resulted in cardiovascular changes similar to those seen during freezing behavior enhanced defense of arterial pressure during @entity548 .

title: Hemodynamic effects of @entity190 during a passive response to a stressor in the conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension', 'arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: In the conscious @entity95 , exposure to an air jet stressor increases arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output. During @entity548 , air jet exposure extends the @entity190 necessary to produce @entity551 . It is possible that this enhanced defense of arterial pressure is a general characteristic of stressors. However, some stressors such as oscillation (OSC), although they increase arterial pressure, do not change heart rate or cardiac output. The cardiovascular changes during OSC resemble those seen during freezing behavior. In the present study, our hypothesis was that, unlike air jet, OSC would not affect defense of @entity551 during @entity190 . Male New Zealand White @entity95 were chronically prepared with arterial and venous catheters and Doppler flow probes. We removed venous blood until mean arterial pressure decreased to 40 mmHg. We repeated the experiment in each @entity95 on separate days in the presence and absence (SHAM) of OSC. Compared with SHAM, OSC increased arterial pressure 14 +/- 1 mmHg, central venous pressure 3.3 +/- 0.4 mmHg, and hindquarter blood flow 34 +/- 4% while decreasing mesenteric conductance 32 +/- 3% and not changing heart rate or cardiac output. During normotensive @entity548 , OSC enhanced hindquarter and renal vasoconstriction. Contrary to our hypothesis, OSC (23.5 +/- 0.6 ml/kg) increased the @entity190 necessary to produce @entity551 compared with SHAM (16.8 +/- 0.6 ml/kg). In nine @entity95 , OSC prevented @entity551 even after a @entity190 of 27 ml/kg. Thus a stressful stimulus that resulted in cardiovascular changes similar to those seen during freezing behavior enhanced defense of arterial pressure during @entity548 .

title: Hemodynamic effects of XXXX during a passive response to a stressor in the conscious @entity95 .

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the incidence of @entity1209 (CINV) after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC), under medical practice conditions and the accuracy with which physicians perceive CINV. METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive @entity1 receiving MEC between April 2012 and May 2013 were included. @entity1 completed a diary of the intensity of @entity390 and number of @entity391 episodes. Complete response and complete protection were assessed as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Of 261 @entity1 included, 240 were evaluated. Median age was 64  years, 44.2  % were female and 11.2  % were aged less than 50  years; 95.3  % of @entity1 received a combination of @entity750 3 (5-HT3) antagonist   +   @entity228 as antiemetic treatment. Vomiting within 5  days of chemotherapy administration occurred in 20.8  %, @entity390 in 42  % and significant @entity390 in 23.8  % of @entity1 . An increase in the percentage of @entity1 with significant @entity390 (from 9.4 to 21.7  %) and @entity391 (from 9.2 to 16.5  %) was observed from the acute to the delayed phase. Complete response was 84.2  % in the acute phase, 77  % in the late phase and 68.9  % in overall period. Complete protection was 79.5  % in the acute phase, 68.8  % in the late phase and 62.4  % throughout the study period. Physicians estimated prophylaxis would be effective for 75  % of @entity1 receiving MEC, compared with 54.1  % obtained from @entity1 ' diary. CONCLUSION: Despite receiving prophylactic treatment, 31  % of @entity1 did not achieve a complete response and 38  % complete protection. In general, @entity390 was worse controlled than @entity391 . The results also showed the late phase was worse controlled than the acute phase in all variables. Healthcare providers overestimated the effectiveness of antiemetic prophylaxis.

title: Incidence of chemotherapy-induced XXXX with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: ADVICE (Actual Data of Vomiting Incidence by Chemotherapy Evaluation) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['nausea and vomiting']


abstract: Despite the high efficiency of ionizing radiation (IR) to inactivate @entity5 in general, an appreciable number of individual @entity1 cannot be cured by standard IR. @entity135 are not likely to be cured even by high-dose radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Accordingly, combined therapy is one of the most applicable strategies. Topoisomerase IIa is a ubiquitous enzyme that removes knots and tangles from the genetic material by generating and subsequently resealing of transient double-strand breaks. Due to its unique mechanism of action, topoisomerase IIa is the target of many chemotherapeutic agents such as @entity2879 . The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of inhibiting topoisomerase IIa by @entity2879 on the response of @entity957 to IR. Results of the present study demonstrated a radiosensitizing effect for the topoisomerase IIa inhibitor @entity2879 on exponentially growing @entity957 ( @entity1 ) cell line especially at low radiation doses. This effect was found to be due to inhibition, by @entity2879 , of the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. Cell cycle studies showed that the concentration of @entity2879 that sensitized the cells to radiation had no effect on the distribution of cells at different phases of the cell cycle. Synchronization of @entity1 cells in different cell cycle phases revealed that proliferating G1 and G2 cells are responsible for sensitization of cells at low doses of ionizing radiation. It might, therefore, be concluded that topoisomerase II enzyme may be involved in the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage and consequently its inhibition constitute a strategy for sensitizing @entity5 cells to ionizing radiation.

title: Inhibition of topoisomerase IIa sensitizes XXXX cells to ionizing radiation by diminishing DNA repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'FaDu']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['FaDu']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity5 , @entity3 are a negative prognostic factor for survival and quality of life. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is thought to be an effective symptomatic and antiproliferative treatment in @entity1 with otherwise progressive disease. METHODS: 62 chemoembolization procedures in 26 @entity1 with progressive @entity5 were reviewed. The underlying disease was @entity4303 in 10, @entity5 in 2, @entity788 in 7, @entity5 in 2 @entity1 , @entity5 of the stomach in 1 and of unknown origin in 4 @entity1 . Tumor burden of the liver was <25% in 3, 25-50% in 11, 50-75% in 6 and >75% in 6 @entity1 . RESULTS: TACE was technically successful in 57 cases. Four @entity1 developed minor and 5 major complications. The 30-day mortality rate was 7.7%. According to WHO criteria, 14 @entity1 had no change in @entity5 burden, 2 had regression and 5 progress after chemoembolization. @entity1 with a @entity5 burden >75% of the liver did not benefit from TACE due to the development of major complications, whereas @entity1 with low (<50%) @entity5 burden and high (>50%) lipiodol uptake showed a trend towards longer survival. Five-year survival time after diagnosis was 48%. @entity1 treated with @entity2390 and/or alpha-interferon had no benefit from chemoembolization with regard to their @entity4303 . CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study, @entity1 with low (<50%) @entity5 burden and high (>50%) lipiodol uptake responded better to TACE than end-stage @entity1 .

title: Transarterial chemoembolization of advanced liver XXXX of @entity5 --a retrospective single-center analysis.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['non-functional pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-functional midgut tumor', 'tumor', 'malignant insulinoma', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'non-functional tumor']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity5 , @entity3 are a negative prognostic factor for survival and quality of life. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is thought to be an effective symptomatic and antiproliferative treatment in @entity1 with otherwise progressive disease. METHODS: 62 chemoembolization procedures in 26 @entity1 with progressive @entity5 were reviewed. The underlying disease was @entity4303 in 10, @entity5 in 2, @entity788 in 7, @entity5 in 2 @entity1 , @entity5 of the stomach in 1 and of unknown origin in 4 @entity1 . Tumor burden of the liver was <25% in 3, 25-50% in 11, 50-75% in 6 and >75% in 6 @entity1 . RESULTS: TACE was technically successful in 57 cases. Four @entity1 developed minor and 5 major complications. The 30-day mortality rate was 7.7%. According to WHO criteria, 14 @entity1 had no change in @entity5 burden, 2 had regression and 5 progress after chemoembolization. @entity1 with a @entity5 burden >75% of the liver did not benefit from TACE due to the development of major complications, whereas @entity1 with low (<50%) @entity5 burden and high (>50%) lipiodol uptake showed a trend towards longer survival. Five-year survival time after diagnosis was 48%. @entity1 treated with @entity2390 and/or alpha-interferon had no benefit from chemoembolization with regard to their @entity4303 . CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study, @entity1 with low (<50%) @entity5 burden and high (>50%) lipiodol uptake responded better to TACE than end-stage @entity1 .

title: Transarterial chemoembolization of advanced liver @entity3 of XXXX --a retrospective single-center analysis.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential roles of MR perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) in preoperative assessment of vascularity of @entity1653 . METHODS: 9 @entity1 with @entity1653 underwent conventional MR and PWI before operation (Grade I 32 cases, Grade II + III 7 cases). Immunohistochemical stain methods were used to quantitatively measure the microvessel density (MVD) values in @entity1653 after operation. The pulse sequence of PWI was single shot GRE-EPI-T2(*)WI, the cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps were calculated from the original data of perfusion images and the maximum CBV values of @entity1653 was acquired from CBV maps through measurement on the region of interest (ROI). The mean maximal relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) values were calculated by dividing the maximum CBV of a @entity5 by that of the contralateral white matter. The differences of the mean maximal rCBV values between benign and malignant groups were analysed and commpared with the MVD values. RESULTS: The mean maximal rCBV values of benign and malignant groups were 9.76    4.68 and 3.57    0.27, respectively. The MVD values of benign and malignant groups were 22    12 and 11    5, respectively. The difference in mean maximal rCBV values between the two groups was statistically significant (t = 7.166, P < 0.01). Correlation analysis demonstrated that the mean maximal rCBV values and MVD values had significantly positive correlation (r = 0.715, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The mean maximal rCBV values are feasible for evaluation of microvessel angiogenesis of @entity1653 in vivo and useful for predicting @entity5 grade.

title: [Evaluation of XXXX vessel of cerebral meningiomas with MR perfusion weighted imaging].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Our aim was to explore the current spectrum of contact allergens in schoolchildren, as a basis for diagnosis and prevention of @entity3408 . Results of patch tests in @entity1 6-15 years old, performed in the years 1990-1995 by 22 centres of the German Contact @entity1909 Research Group and filed by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology, were analysed and evaluated retrospectively, including epidemiologic data. @entity1 with positive tests (62 out of 156 @entity1 and 108 out of 260 @entity1 tested) had a higher frequency of @entity3408 and a lower frequency of @entity483 than patch test negative ones. 16 distinct allergens elicited positive reactions in > or = 1% of the @entity1 tested. Reactions to @entity9760 occurred in 15.9% of all @entity1 tested, but in 25.0% of @entity1 14/15 years old, and in only 4.5% of @entity1 6-13 years old. Double-sensitizations with @entity70675 , @entity24234 and @entity11720 were seen. @entity349 compounds were found in 2nd place (thimerosal: all @entity1 : 11.3%; 6-13 years old: 14.3%; 14/15 years old: 8.0%), followed by fragrance allergens. We conclude that contact @entity566 in @entity1 is related to their sex and age. Prophylaxis against @entity3406 , @entity349 , and fragrance @entity566 needs to be improved. A shortened standard series may be sufficient for testing @entity1 .

title: Patch test results in schoolchildren. Results from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) and the German Contact XXXX Research Group (DKG)

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity24234 :: ('MESH:D011192', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium dichromate']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['Mercury', 'mercury']

entities_list: @entity11720 :: ('MESH:D010165', 'Chemical') :: ['palladium']

entities_list: @entity70675 :: ('CHEBI:35698', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalt salts']

entities_list: @entity9760 :: ('MESH:C029938', 'Chemical') :: ['nickel sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['Dermatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To survey the acceptance and willingness-to-pay for @entity14 colonoscopy screening among high risk populations in urban China. METHODS: From 2012 to 2013, a @entity5 Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) was initiated in 9 provinces, the current survey was conducted among those @entity1 who were evaluated as "high risk for @entity14 " by a risk-factor-evaluation-model (community-based) and then went through a colonoscopy screening procedure (hospital-based). All the data were obtained through a questionnaire-based interview (face-to-face or self-completed), mainly focusing on the acceptance and willingness-to-pay of the @entity1 for colorectal colonoscopy screening. RESULTS: The current analysis included a total of 1 624 @entity1 , with an median age of 55.0 years ( @entity4667 = 49.0, @entity2251 = 61.0 years) and an annual income per capita of 17 thousand (range: 10-25 thousand) Chinese Yuan (CNY), 42.8% (695/1 624) of whom were males. Of all the @entity1 , 87.0% (1 414/1 624) could totally or substantially accept the colonoscopy screening, particularly in those at higher education level (junior high school: OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.22-0.52; high school OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.26-0.66; college or over OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.20-0.59). Of all the @entity1 , 13.0% (210/1 624) could not or hardly accept it, particularly in those with older age (60-69 years) (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.06-2.07), not in marriage (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.25-3.70) or with family member(s) to raise (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.17-2.20). 1 388 (85.5%) of all the @entity1 had willingness-to-pay for a long-term colonoscopy screening service, particularly in those working in public (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44-0.84) or enterprise sectors (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38-0.94), but 82.3% (1 141/1 386) of whom would only pay less than 100 CNY; 14.5% (236/1 624) of total had no willingness-to-pay, particularly in those living in areas with moderate (OR = 4.08, 95% CI: 2.75-6.33) or high @entity3006 per capita (OR = 3.26, 95% CI: 2.11-4.92), or with an absence of willingness-to-pay for colonoscopy screening (OR = 3.98, 95% CI: 2.81-5.65). CONCLUSIONS: Although a larger community-based @entity14 screening program was warranted to examine the extrapolation of these findings, it suggested that the acceptance for @entity14 colonoscopy screening among the selected high-risk populations was considerable. The willing-to-pay was relatively high but the amount of payment was limited, the indicated subgroups with potentially less acceptance or willingness need to be more focused in the future to reach a higher participation rate. The data will also be informative in integrating the screening service into the local health insurance system.

title: [Acceptance and willingness-to-pay for colorectal colonoscopy screening among high-risk populations for XXXX in urban China].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) is an autosomal-dominant @entity4848 involving the skin, brain, kidney, heart and other organs. Renal manifestations are @entity359 , @entity8 and @entity5 . We report three female @entity1 , mean aged of 31 years (range: 22-37), with a family history of @entity2916 in one case. @entity16 were found in all @entity1 . Clinical complaints were mainly abdominal @entity158 (3 cases), @entity811 (2 cases), right flank palpable mass (1 case). @entity359 ( @entity359 ) were diagnosed by ultrasonography in all @entity1 , associated to @entity8 in one case. A @entity1 underwent total right nephrectomy without any event during the follow-up. In a second @entity1 , a selective arterial embolization of @entity359 was indicated. Total left nephrectomy was performed due to the persistence of @entity811 and the @entity812 . Pathological examination of the kidney revealed @entity1358 . The third @entity1 with small @entity359 , associated with @entity8 , required careful monitoring. Renal manifestations in @entity2916 are frequent and serious, they are the second leading cause of @entity204 after nervous lesions. Clinical and morphological aspects are variable and different therapeutic indications must be discussed.

title: Renal manifestations of XXXX complex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous and nervous symptoms']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['increased flank mass']

entities_list: @entity4848 :: ('MESH:D020752', 'Disease') :: ['neurocutaneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['TSC', 'Tuberous sclerosis complex']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['a clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'mainly angiomyolipomas', 'Angiomyolipomas']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: Experimental melanin protein-induced @entity1596 (EMIU) is reported to be a model of anterior @entity1596 and @entity3193 in which the retina is spared. In this study, we chose to compare EMIU with experimental autoimmune @entity4643 (EAU), a well-recognised model of @entity23351 , with regard to the nature and dynamics of the cellular infiltrate in the iris. Female Lewis albino @entity35 were immunised with mixtures of crude retinal extract/complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) ( @entity20835 ), @entity1391 -buffered saline/ @entity3795 (controls), or iris melanin/ @entity3795 (EMIU) using established protocols. Animals were sacrificed on days 10 and 13 (around disease onset). Following whole body perfusion fixation, irides were dissected from the remainder of the globe. Iris wholemount preparations were then subjected to immunohistochemical analysis in order to investigate both the dynamics of infiltrating leukocytes and the effects of the inflammatory changes on resident immune cells in the iris. The nature of the cellular infiltrate in both EMIU and EAU models was essentially similar, namely there was a rich infiltrate of EDI+ mononuclear cells, Ox42+ neutrophils and T cells. Resident tissue macrophages (ED2+) were slightly below normal densities in the iris of EAU animals and marginally elevated in EMIU animals, MHC class II (Ia) staining, associated in the normal eye with dendritic cells (DC), was considerably elevated in EMIU. It is likely that this was due to both increased DC numbers and an influx of Ia+ exudate macrophages. No striking difference was found in the nature and phenotype of the cellular infiltrate in the iris at the onset of the disease in these two models of @entity1596 (EAU and EMIU). This suggests that the @entity1347 in both models represents non-specific changes secondary to cytokine release associated with interaction of activated antigen-specific T cells and target antigens, namely retinal photoreceptors in EAU and uveal tract melanin-containing cells in EMIU. Alternatively, it may suggest that antigen-presenting cells resident in the iris and ciliary body in normal eyes have access to ocular antigens on both sides of the blood-ocular barrier and are capable of activating circulating antigen-specific T cells in these models.

title: Resident and infiltrating cells in the @entity35 iris during the early stages of experimental melanin protein-induced XXXX (EMIU).

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment inflammation']

entities_list: @entity23351 :: ('MESH:D015866', 'Disease') :: ['endogenous posterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroiditis']

entities_list: @entity4643 :: ('MESH:D003103', 'Disease') :: ['uveoretinitis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: Experimental melanin protein-induced @entity1596 (EMIU) is reported to be a model of anterior @entity1596 and @entity3193 in which the retina is spared. In this study, we chose to compare EMIU with experimental autoimmune @entity4643 (EAU), a well-recognised model of @entity23351 , with regard to the nature and dynamics of the cellular infiltrate in the iris. Female Lewis albino @entity35 were immunised with mixtures of crude retinal extract/complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) ( @entity20835 ), @entity1391 -buffered saline/ @entity3795 (controls), or iris melanin/ @entity3795 (EMIU) using established protocols. Animals were sacrificed on days 10 and 13 (around disease onset). Following whole body perfusion fixation, irides were dissected from the remainder of the globe. Iris wholemount preparations were then subjected to immunohistochemical analysis in order to investigate both the dynamics of infiltrating leukocytes and the effects of the inflammatory changes on resident immune cells in the iris. The nature of the cellular infiltrate in both EMIU and EAU models was essentially similar, namely there was a rich infiltrate of EDI+ mononuclear cells, Ox42+ neutrophils and T cells. Resident tissue macrophages (ED2+) were slightly below normal densities in the iris of EAU animals and marginally elevated in EMIU animals, MHC class II (Ia) staining, associated in the normal eye with dendritic cells (DC), was considerably elevated in EMIU. It is likely that this was due to both increased DC numbers and an influx of Ia+ exudate macrophages. No striking difference was found in the nature and phenotype of the cellular infiltrate in the iris at the onset of the disease in these two models of @entity1596 (EAU and EMIU). This suggests that the @entity1347 in both models represents non-specific changes secondary to cytokine release associated with interaction of activated antigen-specific T cells and target antigens, namely retinal photoreceptors in EAU and uveal tract melanin-containing cells in EMIU. Alternatively, it may suggest that antigen-presenting cells resident in the iris and ciliary body in normal eyes have access to ocular antigens on both sides of the blood-ocular barrier and are capable of activating circulating antigen-specific T cells in these models.

title: Resident and infiltrating cells in the XXXX iris during the early stages of experimental melanin protein-induced @entity1596 (EMIU).

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the development of unexpected radiographic lucency (URL) corresponding to the use of a commercially available @entity77 / @entity9039 composite used to treat @entity75 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective comparative study of @entity1 with and without URL after treatment with curettage and grafting with @entity77 / @entity9039 . The charts of 87 @entity1 meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and radiographic data. The group with URL was compared to those with more typical patterns of graft incorporation. RESULTS: Thirteen of 87 cases (15  %) showed URL. There was no difference with respect to the pathologic subtype, anatomic location, or specific bone for the presence of URL. Of @entity1 with URL, one (7.7  %) required reoperation and regrafting, whereas among @entity1 without URL, five (6.7  %) had clinical complications, with one requiring reoperation and regrafting, and one requiring radiofrequency ablation. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 treated with @entity77 / @entity9039 cementing after curettage of low-grade @entity79 go on to uneventful healing in our series. In a minority of @entity1 , URL occurs in lieu of the more typical pattern of centripetal incorporation. However, there is no increase in complications associated with URL. Based on these findings, @entity1 should be informed of the possibility of this risk, although there appears to be little risk of clinically relevant adverse consequences. Physicians should be aware of this complication in order to avoid mistaking it for recurrence of the @entity75 .

title: Unexpected radiographic lucency following grafting of @entity79 with XXXX / @entity9039 bone substitute.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9039 :: ('MESH:C018392', 'Chemical') :: ['tricalcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['benign osseous lesions', 'primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity77 :: ('MESH:D002133', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium sulfate']

answer: @entity77 :: (MESH:D002133,Chemical) :: ['calcium sulfate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the development of unexpected radiographic lucency (URL) corresponding to the use of a commercially available @entity77 / @entity9039 composite used to treat @entity75 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective comparative study of @entity1 with and without URL after treatment with curettage and grafting with @entity77 / @entity9039 . The charts of 87 @entity1 meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and radiographic data. The group with URL was compared to those with more typical patterns of graft incorporation. RESULTS: Thirteen of 87 cases (15  %) showed URL. There was no difference with respect to the pathologic subtype, anatomic location, or specific bone for the presence of URL. Of @entity1 with URL, one (7.7  %) required reoperation and regrafting, whereas among @entity1 without URL, five (6.7  %) had clinical complications, with one requiring reoperation and regrafting, and one requiring radiofrequency ablation. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 treated with @entity77 / @entity9039 cementing after curettage of low-grade @entity79 go on to uneventful healing in our series. In a minority of @entity1 , URL occurs in lieu of the more typical pattern of centripetal incorporation. However, there is no increase in complications associated with URL. Based on these findings, @entity1 should be informed of the possibility of this risk, although there appears to be little risk of clinically relevant adverse consequences. Physicians should be aware of this complication in order to avoid mistaking it for recurrence of the @entity75 .

title: Unexpected radiographic lucency following grafting of @entity79 with @entity77 / XXXX bone substitute.

answer: @entity9039 :: (MESH:C018392,Chemical) :: ['tricalcium phosphate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the development of unexpected radiographic lucency (URL) corresponding to the use of a commercially available @entity77 / @entity9039 composite used to treat @entity75 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective comparative study of @entity1 with and without URL after treatment with curettage and grafting with @entity77 / @entity9039 . The charts of 87 @entity1 meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and radiographic data. The group with URL was compared to those with more typical patterns of graft incorporation. RESULTS: Thirteen of 87 cases (15  %) showed URL. There was no difference with respect to the pathologic subtype, anatomic location, or specific bone for the presence of URL. Of @entity1 with URL, one (7.7  %) required reoperation and regrafting, whereas among @entity1 without URL, five (6.7  %) had clinical complications, with one requiring reoperation and regrafting, and one requiring radiofrequency ablation. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 treated with @entity77 / @entity9039 cementing after curettage of low-grade @entity79 go on to uneventful healing in our series. In a minority of @entity1 , URL occurs in lieu of the more typical pattern of centripetal incorporation. However, there is no increase in complications associated with URL. Based on these findings, @entity1 should be informed of the possibility of this risk, although there appears to be little risk of clinically relevant adverse consequences. Physicians should be aware of this complication in order to avoid mistaking it for recurrence of the @entity75 .

title: Unexpected radiographic lucency following grafting of XXXX with @entity77 / @entity9039 bone substitute.

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone defects']


abstract: The excitable gap of a reentrant circuit has both temporal (time during the cycle length that the circuit is excitable) and spatial (length of the circuit that is excitable at a given time) properties. We determined the temporal and spatial properties of the excitable gap in reentrant circuits caused by nonuniform anisotropy. @entity583 was produced in @entity235 hearts by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Four days later, reentrant circuits were mapped in the epicardial border zone of the @entity1188 with a multielectrode array during sustained @entity1165 induced by programmed stimulation. During @entity591 , premature impulses were initiated by stimulation at sites around and in the reentrant circuits, and their conduction characteristics in the circuit were mapped. All circuits had a temporal excitable gap in at least part of the circuit, which allowed premature impulses to enter the circuit. Completely and partially excitable segments of the temporal gap were identified by measuring conduction velocity of the premature impulses; conduction was equal to the native reentrant wave front in completely excitable regions and slower than the reentrant wave front in partially excitable regions. In some circuits, a temporal gap existed throughout the circuit, permitting the entire circuit to be reset over a range of premature coupling intervals, although the size of the gap varied at different sites. In other circuits, the gap became so small at local sites that even though premature impulses could enter the circuit, the circuit could not be reset. Premature impulses could terminate reentry in circuits that could be reset or not. We also found a significant spatial gap, which was identified by determining the distance between the head of the circulating wave front, which could be located on the activation map, and its tail, which was the site most distal from the head as located by the site of entry of the premature wave front into the circuit. The spatial gap could also vary in different parts of the circuit. Therefore, nonuniform anisotropic reentrant circuits have both a temporal and spatial excitable gap with fully and partially excitable components that change in different parts of the circuit.

title: Characteristics of the temporal and spatial excitable gap in anisotropic reentrant circuits causing sustained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: The @entity35 @entity12531 subfamily of cytochrome P450 consists of @entity134 - and drug-metabolizing enzymes inducible by @entity22097 and by supra-physiological doses of @entity619 . The induction of @entity12531 by @entity619 has been proposed to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from the glucocorticoid receptor mediated response. However, a synergistic induction of @entity12531 has been observed with physiological doses of glucocorticoids and other @entity12531 inducers. We have identified the presence of a glucocorticoid-responsive element in the @entity7570 /IGC2 gene that mediates the induction with physiological doses of glucocorticoids. A 219-bp @entity619 responsive fragment of the @entity7570 /IGC2 gene localized at -2100/-1882 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site was identified in transfection experiments with HepG2 cells. Maximum induction was achieved with 50-100 nM @entity619 . @entity3420 footprinting analysis revealed two glucocorticoid receptor-protected sequences in the 5' flank of the @entity7570 /IGC2 gene. Point mutations in footprint I (-1982/-1960-bp) completely abolished binding and transcription activation whereas a mutation in footprint II (-2001/-1986-bp) only decreased the binding and had no effect on transcription activation. These results led to the conclusion that the glucocorticoid response element present in footprint I mediated the @entity619 response in transfection experiments with HepG2 cells. @entity22097 failed to induce any transcriptional effect mediated by this response element in the HepG2 cells.

title: Identification of a functional glucocorticoid response element in the XXXX /IGC2 gene.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity22097 :: ('MESH:D011285', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone 16alpha-carbonitrile', 'Pregnenolone 16alpha-carbonitrile']

answer: @entity7570 :: (25642(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CYP3A1']


abstract: LYMFASIM, a microsimulation model for transmission and control of @entity3754 , was used to simulate the effects of mass treatment, in order to estimate the number of treatment rounds necessary to achieve elimination. Simulations were performed for a community that represented Pondicherry, India, and that had an average precontrol microfilariae (MF) prevalence of 8.5%. When ivermectin was used, 8 yearly treatment rounds with 65% population coverage gave a 99% probability of elimination. The number of treatment rounds necessary to achieve elimination depended to a large extent on coverage, drug efficacy, and endemicity level. Changing the interval between treatment rounds mainly influenced the duration of control, not the number of treatment rounds necessary to achieve elimination. Results hardly changed with alternative assumptions regarding the type of immune mechanism. The potential impact of mass treatment with a combination of @entity6566 and @entity3753 is shown under different assumptions regarding its efficacy. @entity1 migration and drug resistance were not considered. Results cannot be directly generalized to areas with different vector or epidemiological characteristics. In conclusion, the prospects for elimination of @entity6565 by mass treatment in Pondicherry seem good, provided that the level of population coverage is sufficiently high.

title: Prospects for elimination of XXXX by mass drug treatment in Pondicherry, India: a simulation study.

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['bancroftian filariasis']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

answer: @entity6565 :: (MESH:D005368,Disease) :: ['bancroftian filariasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We completed a prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial to compare the quality of sedation with two @entity1245 (emulsified @entity3175 and @entity1363 ) for endoscopic procedures. METHODS: Adult @entity1 undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy were eligible. Exclusion criteria included: @entity56 , @entity1032 , untreated @entity726 , active @entity788 , @entity407 , resident physician training, or cases done outside the Endoscopy unit. Nurses began the sedation process by administering an opioid followed immediately by administering study drugs until @entity1 were adequately sedated. At completion of the procedure, both the physician and the nurse rated whether the @entity1 's sedation appeared to be adequate. In addition, before discharge, @entity1 were asked to rate the quality of sedation. RESULTS: A total of 111 @entity1 were randomized to the emulsified @entity3175 group and 100 to the @entity1363 group. There was no difference in the physician's assessment of quality of sedation between the groups (p > 0.05). The length of time to sedation, total procedure time, and recovery time were similar between both groups. The estimated cost of using emulsified @entity3175 was approximately 50% less than that of @entity1363 , with an equal quality of sedation. CONCLUSION: Neither the physicians, nurses, nor the @entity1 could detect a difference between sedation produced by the drugs. We conclude that both drugs were equally effective for sedation for both upper and lower endoscopic procedures. Based on the results of this trial, we suggest that increased use of emulsified @entity3175 would markedly reduce the cost without altering the quality of sedation. The cost savings would be at least  50,000/yr at our institution.

title: A randomized, prospective, double-blind comparison of @entity1363 (Versed) and emulsified XXXX (Dizac) for opioid-based, conscious sedation in endoscopic procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['drug allergies']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['diazepam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We completed a prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial to compare the quality of sedation with two @entity1245 (emulsified @entity3175 and @entity1363 ) for endoscopic procedures. METHODS: Adult @entity1 undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy were eligible. Exclusion criteria included: @entity56 , @entity1032 , untreated @entity726 , active @entity788 , @entity407 , resident physician training, or cases done outside the Endoscopy unit. Nurses began the sedation process by administering an opioid followed immediately by administering study drugs until @entity1 were adequately sedated. At completion of the procedure, both the physician and the nurse rated whether the @entity1 's sedation appeared to be adequate. In addition, before discharge, @entity1 were asked to rate the quality of sedation. RESULTS: A total of 111 @entity1 were randomized to the emulsified @entity3175 group and 100 to the @entity1363 group. There was no difference in the physician's assessment of quality of sedation between the groups (p > 0.05). The length of time to sedation, total procedure time, and recovery time were similar between both groups. The estimated cost of using emulsified @entity3175 was approximately 50% less than that of @entity1363 , with an equal quality of sedation. CONCLUSION: Neither the physicians, nurses, nor the @entity1 could detect a difference between sedation produced by the drugs. We conclude that both drugs were equally effective for sedation for both upper and lower endoscopic procedures. Based on the results of this trial, we suggest that increased use of emulsified @entity3175 would markedly reduce the cost without altering the quality of sedation. The cost savings would be at least  50,000/yr at our institution.

title: A randomized, prospective, double-blind comparison of XXXX (Versed) and emulsified @entity3175 (Dizac) for opioid-based, conscious sedation in endoscopic procedures.

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: KEY MESSAGE: A new bacterial blight resistance gene has been identified through fine-mapping, which confers high levels of resistance to all Korean @entity16990 . oryzae ( Xoo ) races, including the new Xoo race K3a. @entity579 @entity4577 caused by @entity16990 . oryzae (Xoo) is a serious constraint to @entity579 production in Asia and Africa. The japonica advanced backcross breeding lines derived from the indica line IR65482-7-216-1-2 in the background of cultivar Junam are resistant to all Korean BB races, including K3a. To identify the gene(s) involved in resistance to Korean Xoo races, the association of genotypic and phenotypic variations was examined in two F2 populations derived from the crosses between 11325 (IR83261-3-7-23-6-2-1-1-2-1-2)/Anmi and 11325/Ilpum. The segregation ratios of F2 individuals from the crosses of 11325/Anmi and 11325/Ilpum were 578 resistant:209 susceptible and 555 resistant:241 susceptible, respectively, which is consistent with the expected allelic frequency of a 3:1 ratio. Genetic analysis using graphical mapping indicated that resistance (R) was controlled by a new resistance gene linked with the flanking markers RM27320 and ID55.WA18-5 within an approximately 80-kb region between 28.14 and 28.22  Mbp on chromosome 11. The eight candidate genes functionally predicted were included in the target region. Examination of the candidate genes by RT-PCR analysis only corroborated with the significant difference in transcript levels of the WAK3 gene in the presence or absence of pathogen infection. Allelism tests performed with other known BB R-genes revealed that the allele was distinct from others having a similar chromosomal location.

title: Identification and fine-mapping of a new resistance gene, Xa40, conferring resistance to bacterial blight races in XXXX ( @entity579 .).

entities_list: @entity16990 :: ('347', 'Species') :: ['Xanthomonas oryzae pv']

entities_list: @entity4577 :: ('MESH:D017192', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial leaf blight (BB) disease']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: KEY MESSAGE: A new bacterial blight resistance gene has been identified through fine-mapping, which confers high levels of resistance to all Korean @entity16990 . oryzae ( Xoo ) races, including the new Xoo race K3a. @entity579 @entity4577 caused by @entity16990 . oryzae (Xoo) is a serious constraint to @entity579 production in Asia and Africa. The japonica advanced backcross breeding lines derived from the indica line IR65482-7-216-1-2 in the background of cultivar Junam are resistant to all Korean BB races, including K3a. To identify the gene(s) involved in resistance to Korean Xoo races, the association of genotypic and phenotypic variations was examined in two F2 populations derived from the crosses between 11325 (IR83261-3-7-23-6-2-1-1-2-1-2)/Anmi and 11325/Ilpum. The segregation ratios of F2 individuals from the crosses of 11325/Anmi and 11325/Ilpum were 578 resistant:209 susceptible and 555 resistant:241 susceptible, respectively, which is consistent with the expected allelic frequency of a 3:1 ratio. Genetic analysis using graphical mapping indicated that resistance (R) was controlled by a new resistance gene linked with the flanking markers RM27320 and ID55.WA18-5 within an approximately 80-kb region between 28.14 and 28.22  Mbp on chromosome 11. The eight candidate genes functionally predicted were included in the target region. Examination of the candidate genes by RT-PCR analysis only corroborated with the significant difference in transcript levels of the WAK3 gene in the presence or absence of pathogen infection. Allelism tests performed with other known BB R-genes revealed that the allele was distinct from others having a similar chromosomal location.

title: Identification and fine-mapping of a new resistance gene, Xa40, conferring resistance to bacterial blight races in @entity579 ( XXXX .).

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['Oryza sativa L']


abstract: 1. Effect of a diet with 5% grape seed inclusion, substituting for @entity2829 compared to a standard diet, was studied in the Penedes @entity1573 . 2. A total of 128 @entity1573 were used, half from each sex. Individual weights and feed intake were controlled weekly from the first d to 5th week and fortnightly until the 15th week. On the 16th week, chemical analyses of meat from 16 thighs from each diet and sex were carried out, as well as a sensory analysis of meat from 24 thighs. Differences between diet and sex were analysed using live body weight, feed intake, feed conversion rate ( @entity6780 ), chemical composition and sensory attributes of the meat. 3. At the end of the experiment, no significant differences were observed on live body weight, feed intake and @entity6780 due to diet. 4. Meat showed no differences due to diet in the percentages of protein, lipid and ash. 5. Meat from the grape seed diet showed a higher percentage of @entity1474 due to @entity4722 . It also showed a more nutty smell, a more metallic flavour and more stringiness. There was, also, less of a pork crackling odour and flavour, a less sweet flavour and less of a broiler meat flavour.

title: The effects of grape seed in the diet of the Penedes XXXX , on growth and on the chemical composition and sensory profile of meat.

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of laparoscopic surgery for gastric @entity5 . METHODS: The records of 11 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic wedge resection (LR group) for @entity356 were reviewed and compared with those of 8 @entity1 who underwent open surgery (OS group). RESULTS: Mean operation time was 145 +/- 43 min in the LR group and 127 +/- 33 min in the OS group (p = 0.301). Mean @entity190 was 97 +/- 107 and 107 +/- 47 g, respectively (p = 0.387). @entity1 in the LR group began walking 1.4 +/- 0.7 days after surgery, which was significantly earlier than those in the OS group (2.7 +/- 1.3 days, p = 0.021). The first flatus (1.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.6 days, respectively, p = 0.0004) and resumption of oral food intake (3.0 +/- 1.7 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.9 days, respectively, p = 0.020) were also earlier in the LR group. White blood cell count on the first postoperative day was lower (7,000 +/- 2,100 vs. 11,900 +/- 3,580/mm(3), respectively, p = 0.004) in the LR group than in the OS group, and the duration of @entity221 (>38.0 degrees C; 0.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.8 days, respectively, p = 0.014) and the period of postoperative hospitalization (13.2 +/- 3.7 vs. 20.8 +/- 6.1 days, respectively, p = 0.014) were significantly shorter in the LR group than in the OS group. No complications occurred in either group. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery was superior to open surgery in terms of postoperative recovery time with comparable operation time and @entity190 . Laparoscopic wedge resection is a promising surgical alternative for the treatment of @entity356 .

title: Laparoscopic wedge resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric submucosal tumors']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric submucosal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical outcomes of @entity1 with @entity6275 ( @entity6275 ). STUDY DESIGN: Inception cohorts of @entity1 with @entity6275 were established at two tertiary pediatric centers. Outcome data were obtained through review of hospital charts, interview and examination of @entity1 , and completion of questionnaires by @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 45 eligible subjects, 23 (51%) were assessed. Median time since diagnosis was 13 years (range, 6-25). At evaluation, 6 (26%) had active disease; 18 (78%) had Health Assessment Questionnaire scores of 0 (no/minimal @entity717 ), and 5 had scores >0. Some impairment was seen in all domains of measurement of quality-of-life test, especially those concerning nonphysical aspects of health. Six (26%) subjects continued to have @entity158 as a result of @entity6275 . Associated medical problems included @entity625 in 6, @entity6592 in 3, @entity1569 in 5, recurrent @entity1910 in 2, and @entity29 in 3. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term clinical outcomes for @entity1 with @entity6275 appear to be generally good, with most subjects having no evidence of disease activity or sequelae. However, a number of subjects had persistent disease and, therefore, remain at risk of physical and psychologic complications. Further research is required to identify @entity1 at risk for persistent disease, and to determine therapies that may prevent morbidity.

title: XXXX : clinical outcomes after more than five years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis', 'CRMO']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['pustular rashes']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

answer: @entity6275 :: (MESH:C535456,Disease) :: ['Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis']