abstract: Morphologic studies were made of cuspal tears and perforations in 16 porcine valve bioprostheses that had been implanted in 14 @entity1 (9 male and 5 female) ranging in age from 2 to 65 years. Eleven bioprostheses had been in the mitral position for 30 to 123 months, four in the aortic position for 15 to 40 months and one in a varied pulmonary conduit for 96 months. The cuspal lesions were classified into four types. Type I lesions, which involved the free edges of the cusps, were the most common of all lesions and occurred with equal frequency in mitral and aortic bioprostheses. Regardless of position of implantation, @entity75 were more frequent in the right coronary cusp than in the other cusps. Ultrastructural study showed that these lesions develop as consequences of breakdown of collagen at the free edges of the cusps, usually near the commissures. @entity75 consisted of linear perforations that extended along the basal regions of the cusps, forming an arc parallel to the sewing ring. These lesions were uncommon an resulted from separation of bundles of collagen. @entity75 , which were large, round or oval perforations that occupied central regions of the cusps, were more common in aortic than in mitral bioprostheses. They were characterized by marked destruction of cuspal tissue and were most frequently associated with @entity281 . @entity75 were small pinhole-like perforations; they usually were multiple, localized in central regions of the cusps and associated with @entity730 . @entity75 were more common in mitral than in aortic bioprostheses. Regardless of position, they were more frequent in the left and noncoronary cusps than in the right coronary cusp (which may be protected by its muscle shelf against this type of perforation). It is concluded that cuspal tears and perforations develop in implanted bioprostheses as consequences of structural failure of connective tissue components.

title: Structure and classification of cuspal tears and perforations in porcine bioprosthetic cardiac valves implanted in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific deposits']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type I lesions', 'Type III lesions', 'Type IV lesions', 'Type II lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In seed plants, new axes of growth are established by the formation of meristems, groups of pluripotent cells that maintain themselves and initiate the formation of lateral organs. After embryonic development, secondary shoot meristems form in the boundary zones between the shoot apical meristem and leaf primordia, the leaf axils. In addition, many plant species develop ectopic meristems at different positions of the plant body. In the compound @entity523 leaf, ectopic meristems can initiate at the base of leaflets, which are delimited by two distinct boundary zones, referred to as the proximal (PLB) and distal ( @entity1832 ) leaflet boundaries. We demonstrate that the two leaflet boundaries differ from each other and that ectopic meristem formation is strictly limited to the @entity1832 . Our data suggest that the @entity1832 harbours a group of pluripotent cells that seems to be the launching pad for meristem formation. Initiation of these meristems is dependent on the activities of the transcriptional regulators Goblet (Gob) and Lateral suppressor (Ls), specifically expressed in the @entity1832 . Gob and Ls act in hierarchical order, because Ls transcript accumulation is dependent on Gob activity, but not vice versa. Ectopic meristem formation at the @entity1832 is also observed in other seed plants, like Cardamine pratensis, indicating that it is part of a widespread developmental program. Ectopic meristem formation leads to an increase in the number of buds, enhances the capacity for survival and opens the route to vegetative propagation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Lateral suppressor and Goblet act in hierarchical order to regulate ectopic meristem formation at the base of XXXX leaflets.

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report our surgical series of 35 @entity1 with giant nonfunctioning @entity977 (GNFPA). We analyzed the rule of Ki-67 antigen expression in predicting recurrence. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 were operated between 2000 and 2010. Suprassellar extension of the @entity5 were classified according to Hardy and Mohr based on magnetic resonance (MR) studies. Pituitary endocrine function and MR scans were assessed preoperatively and at 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Immunohistochemical studies were based in regard to the expression of the proliferative Ki-67 index and the hormonal receptor for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, @entity2124 , thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and prolactin. Tumors specimens were obtained from 35 @entity1 with GNFPA. Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery was the approach of choice. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 were submitted to 49 surgeries, 44 (89.8%) were transsphenoidal and 5 (10.2%) were transcranial. The most frequent preoperative complaints were @entity227 and @entity227 in 25 (71.2%) and 23 (65.7%) cases, respectively. Improvement of visual acuitiy and @entity227 after surgery was seen in 20 (80%) and 17 (73.9%) @entity1 , respectively. @entity51 were encountered in 20 @entity1 (57.1%). After surgery, 18 @entity1 (51.4%) required hormonal replacement. Three @entity1 had @entity227 related to @entity2894 and recovered after surgery. The Ki-67 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) ranged from <1% to 4.8%. The rate of recurrence in @entity5 with Ki-67 <3% was 7.7% (2 @entity1 ), Ki-67 >3% was present in 5 @entity1 and the recurrence committed 3 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In our series, regardless the improvement of visual function and compressing symptoms, 5 @entity1 with expression of Ki-67 @entity894 more than 3% experienced a recurrence.

title: Nonfunctioning XXXX : Invasiveness and recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'visual acuity impairment', 'visual field deficit', 'visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2894 :: ('MESH:D010899', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary apoplexy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Endocrinological deficits']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['giant pituitary adenomas']


abstract: Labeled @entity368 , @entity563 , @entity3649 , @entity4823 , @entity3953 , and @entity597 were administered to @entity35 stomachs in a vascular perfusion system. Sections of gastric fundus and antrum, and of the duodenal glands, were studied by light-microscopic autoradiography. The rate of incorporation of radioactive label in the various mucous cell types of the antrum and of the duodenal glands was measured by counting the @entity575 grains over each cell type and comparing this rate with that of the surface mucous cells of the fundus. The following major observations were made: The patterns of incorporation in the mucous cells on the surface and in the pits of the antrum did not differ essentially from those of the surface mucous cells of the fundus. On the contrary, the incorporation patterns of the surface mucous cells of the fundus differed considerably from those of the mucous cells of the antral glands and from the mucous cells of the duodenal glands. The mucous cells of the antral glands showed a lower incorporation rate of @entity1522 and of ( @entity1472 ) @entity3363 , especially of @entity3649 and @entity4823 , but a higher incorporation rate of @entity597 . The mucous cells of the duodenal glands showed a considerably higher rate of incorporation for @entity563 , but a lower rate for @entity4823 . No differences were seen for @entity368 , @entity3649 , and @entity597 . The relatively low synthetic activity of the mucous cells of antral glands correlates well with the various amounts of RER, Golgi system, and secretory granules, found in these cells, and with the histochemical staining characteristics of their mucous granules. The mucous cells of the duodenal glands are characterized by typical parallel arrays of their numerous RER cisternae and by a low number of small secretory granules.

title: Glycoprotein synthesis in the mucous cells of the vascularly perfused XXXX stomach. III. Mucous cells of the antrum and the duodenal glands.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Hand dominance has been reported to be an important factor affecting outcomes after upper extremity @entity130 but remains unstudied after hemiarthroplasty for @entity174 . This study determined whether dominance affected outcomes after hemiarthroplasty for @entity174 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : Sixty-one @entity1 , after hemiarthroplasty for @entity174 , returned for comprehensive assessment and were divided into 2 groups: dominant (DOM) shoulder affected (n = 25) and non-dominant (non-DOM) shoulder affected (n = 36). INTERVENTION: @entity174 -specific proximal humeral hemiarthroplasty for displaced @entity174 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 were assessed with self-reported outcomes ( @entity227 , American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder score, disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire, simple shoulder test, and short form 12) and objective (range-of-motion and hand-held dynamometer strength) testing. RESULTS: At 49 months of mean follow-up, there were no significant differences between groups for gender, age, follow-up time, or @entity227 (P > 0.256). The DOM-affected group had significantly worse scores for American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder score (P = 0.043), disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire (P = 0.039), and simple shoulder test (P = 0.021). The DOM-affected group also had consistently higher correlations between self-reported and objective outcomes than the non-DOM group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who underwent hemiarthroplasty for @entity174 on their DOM shoulders had significantly poorer outcomes than @entity1 with non-DOM-sided injuries. Although positive outcomes can be expected after hemiarthroplasty, @entity1 should be instructed that they may have less satisfactory function and strength if their injury was on the DOM side. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Outcomes After Hemiarthroplasty for Proximal Humerus XXXX Are Significantly Affected by Hand Dominance.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'Fracture', 'proximal humerus fractures', 'proximal humerus fracture']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analog scale pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fracture']


abstract: This study describes a noninvasive method for detecting delayed ventricular activation, caused by @entity63 , on the body surface. Signal averaging and a newly developed high-pass digital filter were used. The filter has the property that it does not create an artifact or ring after the QRS complex ends, thereby allowing the detection of microvolt-level potentials that occur immediately after the QRS complex. Eleven @entity235 were studied before and during acute @entity63 induced by coronary artery ligation and latex embolization. The @entity63 region was mapped with bipolar electrodes and, after the chest was rapidly closed, signal-averaged recordings were made from the body surface. Repeated cycles of ventricular mapping and signal averaging were performed. In each @entity235 , delayed and fractionated electrograms were recorded directly from the @entity63 epicardium that lasted a maximum of 118 +/- 18 ms after QRS onset. The duration of the ventricular electrograms varied with time. Whenever delayed epicardial electrograms were recorded, filtered signal-averaged leads showed microvolt-level potentials early in the S-T segment that were continuous with the QRS complex. The duration of ventricular activation, as measured from the bipolar electrograms and from the filtered signal-averaged leads, correlated well (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001). Because of the absence of filter ringing, low-level potentials could be detected less than 40 ms after the QRS complex ended. This study demonstrates that microvolt-level potentials arising from delayed ventricular activation can be reliably detected on the body surface, even when they occur just after the QRS complex.

title: Detection of delayed ventricular activation on the body surface in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High levels of @entity148 during surgery are associated with poorer post-surgical outcomes. This prospective, non-blinded randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of four intraoperative distraction interventions for @entity148 and @entity158 management during minimally invasive venous surgery under local anaesthetic. METHODS: 407 @entity1 presenting with varicose veins at a private clinic, were randomized to one of four intraoperative distraction interventions or treatment as usual. All @entity1 received endovenous thermoablation and/or phlebectomies of varicose veins. After losses to follow-up, 398 @entity1 were entered into the analysis. @entity1 were randomly allocated to one of the following intraoperative distraction techniques: @entity1 selected music (n  =  85), @entity1 selected @entity1741 (n  =  85), interaction with nurses (n  =  81), touch (stress balls) (n  =  80) or treatment as usual (TAU, n  =  76). The state scale of the STAI, the Short-form @entity158 questionnaire and numeric rating scales were used to assess intraoperative @entity158 and @entity148 . RESULTS: Intraoperative @entity148 ratings were significantly lower when @entity1 interacted with nurses, used stress balls or watched a @entity1741 during surgery compared to treatment as usual. Intraoperative @entity158 ratings were significantly lower than treatment as usual when @entity1 interacted with nurses or used stress balls during surgery. @entity1 ' satisfaction was not significantly impacted by intraoperative distractions. CONCLUSIONS: The use of simple intraoperative distraction techniques, particularly interacting with nurses, using stress balls or watching a @entity1741 during surgery conducted under local anaesthetic can significantly improve @entity1 ' experiences.

title: Randomized controlled trial to compare the effect of simple distraction interventions on @entity158 and XXXX experienced during conscious surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['McGill pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High levels of @entity148 during surgery are associated with poorer post-surgical outcomes. This prospective, non-blinded randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of four intraoperative distraction interventions for @entity148 and @entity158 management during minimally invasive venous surgery under local anaesthetic. METHODS: 407 @entity1 presenting with varicose veins at a private clinic, were randomized to one of four intraoperative distraction interventions or treatment as usual. All @entity1 received endovenous thermoablation and/or phlebectomies of varicose veins. After losses to follow-up, 398 @entity1 were entered into the analysis. @entity1 were randomly allocated to one of the following intraoperative distraction techniques: @entity1 selected music (n  =  85), @entity1 selected @entity1741 (n  =  85), interaction with nurses (n  =  81), touch (stress balls) (n  =  80) or treatment as usual (TAU, n  =  76). The state scale of the STAI, the Short-form @entity158 questionnaire and numeric rating scales were used to assess intraoperative @entity158 and @entity148 . RESULTS: Intraoperative @entity148 ratings were significantly lower when @entity1 interacted with nurses, used stress balls or watched a @entity1741 during surgery compared to treatment as usual. Intraoperative @entity158 ratings were significantly lower than treatment as usual when @entity1 interacted with nurses or used stress balls during surgery. @entity1 ' satisfaction was not significantly impacted by intraoperative distractions. CONCLUSIONS: The use of simple intraoperative distraction techniques, particularly interacting with nurses, using stress balls or watching a @entity1741 during surgery conducted under local anaesthetic can significantly improve @entity1 ' experiences.

title: Randomized controlled trial to compare the effect of simple distraction interventions on XXXX and @entity148 experienced during conscious surgery.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The primary aim of this paper was to assess the relevance of high-frequency ultrasound examination in qualifying @entity1 for either surgical or conservative treatment of postoperative @entity1897 . The study was conducted in a group of 71 @entity1 who in 2009-2011 were referred to ultrasound examinations due to a clinical suspicion of @entity1897 . For the purposes of this analysis, the suspected @entity86 were divided into three groups: after surgical treatment of the median nerve (1), after surgical treatment of the ulnar nerve (2) and other @entity86 (3). All @entity1 underwent the interview, physical examination and ultrasound examination. The ultrasound examinations were performed with Esaote MyLab 50 and MyLab 60 systems. Based on the clinical and US examinations, the @entity1 were qualified for either surgical (51 cases) or conservative treatment (20 cases). An EMG examination was also performed in certain @entity1 (60 cases). Mean values of cross-sectional areas and diameters of the nerve trunks were calculated in individual pathology groups. The ultrasound features of the peripheral nerves analyzed in the study, such as echostructure, notch sign, @entity450 and continuity of the transverse ligament, were divided into subgroups. Moreover, the frequency of adhesions between the nerve trunks and adjacent tissues, occurrence of @entity158 on compression with a transducer and instability of the ulnar nerve as well as angulation of the posterior interosseous nerve in a dynamic examination was calculated. The analyses of the collected material were performed by means of descriptive statistics. The results of clinical and surgical verification were consistent with ultrasound findings in 100% of cases. The results indicate that high-frequency ultrasonography is a valuable method in qualifying @entity1 for various types of treatment of @entity1897 .

title: Assessment of the utility of ultrasonography with high-frequency transducers in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathies', 'peripheral postoperative neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neuropathies']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative neuropathies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Angelica polymorpha Maxim root extract (APRE) is a popular herbal medicine used for treating stomachache, @entity490 , @entity2275 , and @entity627 ; however the effect of APRE on @entity5 cells has not yet been explored. Here, we examined @entity137 seen on target @entity521 cells (NB) using cell viability assays, @entity14939 visualization of fragmented DNA, and Western blotting analysis of candidate signaling pathways involved in proliferation and apoptosis. We demonstrated that APRE reduced cell viability in NB to a greater extent than in fibroblast cells. In addition, we found that APRE could inhibit the three classes of MAPK proteins and could also down-regulate the PI3K/ @entity584 / @entity9459 activity all being relevant for proliferation and survival. APRE could also up-regulate @entity589 expression and down-regulate @entity588 and @entity2423 . With APRE treatment, depolarization of mitochondria membrane potential and activation of @entity522 was demonstrated in the SH-SY5Y cells. We could not found increased activity of death receptor and @entity8186 as markers of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway for the APRE treated cells. In presence of a @entity522 siRNA and a pan-caspase inhibitor, APRE could not reduce the viability of NB cells to a significant degree. So we predicted that with APRE, the intrinsic pathway was solely responsible for inducing apoptosis as we also showed that the non-caspase autophagy pathway or ER stress-ROS mediated pathways were not involved. These findings demonstrate that an intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway mediates the apoptotic effects of APRE on SHSY5Y cells, and that APRE shows promise as a novel agent for @entity521 therapy.

title: Angelica polymorpha Maxim Induces Apoptosis of Human SH-SY5Y XXXX Cells by Regulating an Intrinsic Caspase Pathway.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['APRE cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['stomach ulcers']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['Neuroblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare physiological and biochemical responses in stable preterm neonates and their parents following kangaroo mother care (KMC) and kangaroo father care (KFC). STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a prospective cross-over design study of stable preterm neonates of <35 weeks gestation in a tertiary Neonatal Unit in Toronto. All neonates received KMC and KFC for 1   h on consecutive days in a random order. Heart rate, temperature, blood pressure, @entity26 saturation and salivary @entity701 in @entity1 before and after kangaroo care and heart rate, temperature and salivary @entity701 in parents before and after kangaroo care were measured. Pairwise comparisons of changes in these measures were analyzed. RESULT: Twenty-six sets of neonates and their parents were studied for physiological parameters, of which 19 had adequate samples for salivary @entity701 assessment. The @entity1 had a mean birth weight of 1096   g (s.d.=217) and a mean postmenstrual age at study of 32 weeks (s.d.=2). There were no significant differences in the changes in mean heart rate (P=0.51), temperature (P=0.37), @entity26 saturation (P=0.50), systolic blood pressure (P=0.32), mean blood pressure (0.10) and salivary @entity701 (P=0.50) before and after KMC or KFC in the neonates. The changes in mean heart rate (P=0.62), temperature (P=0.28) and salivary @entity701 (P=0.59) before and after kangaroo care were similar between mothers and fathers. CONCLUSION: No significant differences in physiological and stress responses were identified following KMC or KFC in preterm neonates. KFC may be as safe and as effective as KMC.Journal of Perinatology advance online publication, 17 December 2015; doi:10.1038/jp.2015.196.

title: Kangaroo care by fathers and mothers: comparison of physiological and stress responses in preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: SCOPE: The 9cis,11trans-conjugated @entity4722 (9c,11t- @entity4619 ) is reported to have anti-atherogenic properties in animal models and to modulate protein expression in unstimulated @entity1 platelets in vivo. Platelet function was therefore investigated after dietary supplementation with 9c,11t- @entity4619 enriched oil (CLA80:20) in a randomized, baseline-controlled cross-over trial. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-three healthy adults at low to moderate risk of @entity65 received 4 g/day of CLA80:20 or placebo for two weeks each. Platelet function, @entity32 , and endothelial activation were assessed before and after each phase. Compared with placebo, supplementation had no significant effects on platelet function measured by Platelet Function Analyzer-100. Inhibitory effects on collagen-induced aggregation were sex-dependent (p  =  0.005) that reached significance only in @entity1 (p  =  0.045). @entity2870 ( @entity2870 )-induced @entity8729 expression was higher after supplementation in all subjects (p  =  0.017). @entity2870 -induced platelet fibrinogen binding was also dependent on sex (p = 0.015), with fibrinogen binding after CLA80:20 being higher in males (p  =  0.035). Plasma @entity2842 was higher (p  =  0.041) after CLA80:20. CONCLUSION: No clear evidence was found for inhibition or activation of platelet function as well as @entity32 by CLA80:20 in a low to moderate cardiovascular risk group.

title: Supplementation with a 9c,11t-rich conjugated XXXX blend shows no clear inhibitory effects on platelet function in healthy subjects at low and moderate cardiovascular risk: A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2870 :: ('100187907', 'Gene') :: ['TRAP', 'Thrombin receptor-activating peptide']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An investigation was carried out into the genetic mechanisms responsible for multidrug resistance in nine @entity2893 -resistant @entity796 aeruginosaisolates from different hospitals in Recife, Brazil. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined by broth microdilution. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the presence of genes encoding b-lactamases, @entity5292 -modifying enzymes (AMEs), 16S rRNA methylases, integron-related genes and OprD. Expression of genes coding for efflux pumps and AmpC cephalosporinase were assessed by quantitative PCR. The outer membrane proteins were separated by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. The blaSPM-1, @entity51892 and blaGES-1 genes were detected in P. aeruginosaisolates in addition to different AME genes. The loss of OprD in nine isolates was mainly due to frameshift mutations, premature stop codons and point mutations. An association of loss of OprD with the overexpression of MexAB-OprM and MexXY-OprM was observed in most isolates. Hyper-production of AmpC was also observed in three isolates. Clonal relationship of the isolates was determined by repetitive element palindromic-PCR and multilocus sequence typing. Our results show that the loss of OprD along with overexpression of efflux pumps and b-lactamase production were responsible for the multidrug resistance in the isolates analysed.

title: Mutational and acquired @entity2893 resistance mechanisms in multidrug resistant XXXX clinical isolates from Recife, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5292 :: ('D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An investigation was carried out into the genetic mechanisms responsible for multidrug resistance in nine @entity2893 -resistant @entity796 aeruginosaisolates from different hospitals in Recife, Brazil. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined by broth microdilution. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the presence of genes encoding b-lactamases, @entity5292 -modifying enzymes (AMEs), 16S rRNA methylases, integron-related genes and OprD. Expression of genes coding for efflux pumps and AmpC cephalosporinase were assessed by quantitative PCR. The outer membrane proteins were separated by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. The blaSPM-1, @entity51892 and blaGES-1 genes were detected in P. aeruginosaisolates in addition to different AME genes. The loss of OprD in nine isolates was mainly due to frameshift mutations, premature stop codons and point mutations. An association of loss of OprD with the overexpression of MexAB-OprM and MexXY-OprM was observed in most isolates. Hyper-production of AmpC was also observed in three isolates. Clonal relationship of the isolates was determined by repetitive element palindromic-PCR and multilocus sequence typing. Our results show that the loss of OprD along with overexpression of efflux pumps and b-lactamase production were responsible for the multidrug resistance in the isolates analysed.

title: Mutational and acquired XXXX resistance mechanisms in multidrug resistant @entity796 clinical isolates from Recife, Brazil.

answer: @entity2893 :: (CHEBI:46765,Chemical) :: ['carbapenem']


abstract: Importance: @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ) is a rare @entity146 , and the prognostic factors associated with long-term outcomes after surgical resection remain poorly defined. Objectives: To define clinicopathological variables associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) after curative surgical resection of @entity1636 and to propose nomograms for individual risk prediction. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Nomograms to predict @entity1349 and @entity1349 after surgical resection of @entity1636 were proposed using a multi-institutional cohort of @entity1 who underwent curative-intent surgery for @entity1636 at 13 major institutions in the United States between March 17, 1994, and December 22, 2014. The dates of our study analysis were April 15, 2015, to May 12, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures: The discriminative ability and calibration of the nomograms to predict @entity1349 and @entity1349 were tested using C statistics, calibration plots, and Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: In total, 148 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity1636 were included in the study. The median @entity1 age was 53 years, and 65.5% (97 of 148) of the @entity1 were female. One-third of the @entity1 (35.1% [52 of 148]) had a functional @entity5 , and the median @entity5 size was 11.2 cm. Most @entity1 (77.7% [115 of 148]) underwent R0 resection, and 8.8% (13 of 148) of the @entity1 had N1 disease. Using backward stepwise selection of clinically important variables with the Akaike information criterion, the following variables were incorporated in the prediction of @entity1349 : @entity5 size of at least 12 cm (hazard ratio [HR], 3.00; 95% CI, 1.63-5.70; P   <   .001), positive nodal status (HR, 4.78; 95% CI, 1.47-15.50; P   =   .01), stage III/IV (HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 0.95-3.39; P   =   .07), @entity701 -secreting @entity5 (HR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.27-4.48; P   =   .01), and capsular invasion (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.02-3.74; P   =   .04). Factors selected as predicting @entity1349 were @entity5 size of at least 12 cm (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.00-3.17; P   =   .05), positive nodal status (HR, 5.89; 95% CI, 2.05-16.87; P   =   .001), and R1 margin (HR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.51-5.30; P   =   .001). The discriminative ability and calibration of the nomograms revealed good predictive ability as indicated by the C statistics (0.74 for @entity1349 and 0.70 for @entity1349 ). Conclusions and Relevance: Independent predictors of survival and recurrence risk after curative-intent surgery for @entity1636 were selected to create nomograms predicting @entity1349 and @entity1349 . The nomograms were able to stratify @entity1 into prognostic groups and performed well on internal validation.

title: Nomograms to Predict Recurrence-Free and Overall Survival After Curative Resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['but aggressive endocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenocortical carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['Adrenocortical Carcinoma']


abstract: Background We report a case of @entity3935 caused by consuming a Chinese herb contaminated with thyroid hormones. Case Report A 70-year-old @entity1 presented to an emergency department after 2 days of @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity425 . Three days previously, he had started taking Cordyceps powder and "Flower @entity1 Sang Hung" as recommended by his Chinese physician. Following admission, the @entity1 deteriorated and was eventually diagnosed with @entity3935 complicated by rapid @entity955 requiring cardioversion, intubation, and intensive care admission. The analysis of the Chinese herb "Flower @entity1 Sang Hung" was positive for levothyroxine. The @entity1 was extubated 11 days after admission and discharged to a rehabilitation centre after 17 days of hospitalization. The Chinese medicine physician was informed of the events. Conclusions Herbal products can be the source of illness, medication interactions, and contamination. Awareness should be raised among Chinese medicine physicians, allopathic physicians, and their @entity1 . Clinicians should also have a low threshold of suspicion to seek laboratory analysis of suspect substances when the cause of the clinical presentation is unclear.

title: XXXX caused by a chinese herb contaminated with thyroid hormones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man', 'Man']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid storm']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity3935 :: (MESH:D013958,Disease) :: ['Thyroid storm']


abstract: PURPOSE: Secukinumab, a fully human anti- @entity4155 monoclonal antibody, exhibited promising activity in a proof-of-concept study when administered in intravenous (IV) doses to @entity1 with active, chronic, noninfectious @entity1596 . This study compared the efficacy and safety of different IV and subcutaneous (SC) doses of secukinumab in @entity1 with noninfectious @entity1596 . DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized, double-masked, dose-ranging, phase 2 clinical trial. @entity1 : Thirty-seven @entity1 with active noninfectious intermediate @entity1596 , posterior @entity1596 , or @entity5863 who required corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to secukinumab 300 mg SC every 2 weeks for 4 doses, secukinumab 10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks for 4 doses, or secukinumab 30 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks for 2 doses. Intravenous or SC saline was administered to maintain masking. Efficacy was assessed on day 57 (2-4 weeks after last dose). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage of @entity1 with treatment response, defined as (1) at least a 2-grade reduction in vitreous haze score or trace or absent vitreous haze in the study eye without an increase in @entity228 dose and without @entity1596 worsening or (2) reduction in corticosteroid dosages to prespecified levels without @entity1596 worsening. Percentage of @entity1 with remission, defined as anterior chamber cell and vitreous haze scores of 0 or 0.5+ in both eyes without corticosteroid therapy or @entity1596 worsening. RESULTS: Secukinumab 30 mg/kg IV and 10 mg/kg IV, compared with the 300 mg SC dose, produced higher responder rates (72.7% and 61.5% vs. 33.3%, respectively) and remission rates (27.3% and 38.5% vs. 16.7%, respectively). Statistical and clinical superiority for the 30 mg/kg IV dose compared with the 300 mg SC dose was established in a Bayesian probability model. Other measures, including time to response onset, change in visual acuity, and change in vitreous haze score, showed numeric trends favoring IV dosing. Secukinumab, administered in IV or SC formulations, appeared safe and was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous secukinumab was effective and well tolerated in noninfectious @entity1596 requiring systemic corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppressive therapy. Greater activity with IV dosing suggests that @entity1 may not receive sufficient drug with SC administration. High-dose IV secukinumab may be necessary to deliver secukinumab in therapeutic concentrations.

title: Efficacy and safety of intravenous secukinumab in noninfectious XXXX requiring steroid-sparing immunosuppressive therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of 50kHz are thought to indicate positive affective states in @entity35 , and are increasingly being used to investigate the motivational properties of drugs of abuse. However, previous studies have observed that only dopaminergic psychostimulants of abuse, but not other addictive drugs, stimulate 50-kHz USVs immediately after their administration. This would suggest that 50-kHz USVs induced by addictive dopaminergic psychostimulants might reflect rewarding dopaminergic effect, rather than motivational effect. To elucidate this issue, our study compared the effects of the psychostimulant of abuse @entity4944 and the @entity935 receptor agonist @entity3826 on 50-kHz USVs. @entity35 that received five drug administrations on alternate days in a novel test-cage were first re-exposed to the test-cage 7 days after treatment discontinuation to assess drug-conditioning, and then received a drug challenge. USVs were recorded throughout the experiments together with locomotor activity. To further clarify how @entity4944 and @entity3826 influenced 50-kHz USVs, @entity35 were subdivided into "low" and "high" vocalizers, and time-dependence of drug effects was assessed. @entity4944 and @entity3826 stimulated both 50-kHz USVs and locomotor activity, though they elicited dissimilar changes in these behaviors, depending on drug dose, @entity35 *  individual predisposition to vocalize, and time. Moreover, only @entity4944 -treated @entity35 displayed both sensitized 50-kHz USVs emission and conditioned vocalizations on test-cage re-exposure. These results indicate that the effects of @entity4944 on 50-kHz USVs are not mimicked by a dopaminergic agonist with a low abuse potential, and may further support the usefulness of 50-kHz USVs in the study of the motivational properties of psychoactive drugs.

title: Repeated XXXX administration and long-term effects on 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations: Possible relevance to the motivational and @entity935 -stimulating properties of the drug.

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine', 'Amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

answer: @entity4944 :: (MESH:D000661,Chemical) :: ['amphetamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of 50kHz are thought to indicate positive affective states in @entity35 , and are increasingly being used to investigate the motivational properties of drugs of abuse. However, previous studies have observed that only dopaminergic psychostimulants of abuse, but not other addictive drugs, stimulate 50-kHz USVs immediately after their administration. This would suggest that 50-kHz USVs induced by addictive dopaminergic psychostimulants might reflect rewarding dopaminergic effect, rather than motivational effect. To elucidate this issue, our study compared the effects of the psychostimulant of abuse @entity4944 and the @entity935 receptor agonist @entity3826 on 50-kHz USVs. @entity35 that received five drug administrations on alternate days in a novel test-cage were first re-exposed to the test-cage 7 days after treatment discontinuation to assess drug-conditioning, and then received a drug challenge. USVs were recorded throughout the experiments together with locomotor activity. To further clarify how @entity4944 and @entity3826 influenced 50-kHz USVs, @entity35 were subdivided into "low" and "high" vocalizers, and time-dependence of drug effects was assessed. @entity4944 and @entity3826 stimulated both 50-kHz USVs and locomotor activity, though they elicited dissimilar changes in these behaviors, depending on drug dose, @entity35 *  individual predisposition to vocalize, and time. Moreover, only @entity4944 -treated @entity35 displayed both sensitized 50-kHz USVs emission and conditioned vocalizations on test-cage re-exposure. These results indicate that the effects of @entity4944 on 50-kHz USVs are not mimicked by a dopaminergic agonist with a low abuse potential, and may further support the usefulness of 50-kHz USVs in the study of the motivational properties of psychoactive drugs.

title: Repeated @entity4944 administration and long-term effects on 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations: Possible relevance to the motivational and XXXX -stimulating properties of the drug.

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The reproductive and sexual health of adolescents is an important health concern and a focus of global attention. In @entity3595 Lanka, a lack of understanding about adolescent reproductive and sexual health needs is a matter of national concern. A survey was undertaken to examine the sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of school going adolescents in @entity3595 Lanka. A random sample of schools was selected from one district. Data were collected by a self-completion questionnaire and analysed using SPSS. Response rate was 90%. 2020 pupils (26% @entity1 , 74% @entity1 ) aged 16-19 years (mean   =   16.9) participated, the majority Sinhalese (97%). Most reported a good parent- @entity1 relationship (88%). A minority (34%) discussed sexual issues with parents. Health professionals were the preferred source of sexual information (32%) rather than parents (12.5%) or friends (5.6%). Less than 1% demonstrated satisfactory sexual and reproductive knowledge levels. 1.7% were sexually active (30 @entity1 vs 5 @entity1 ), the majority with same age partners. 57% used contraception at first intercourse. There is an imperative to address the lack of sexual and reproductive knowledge. A minority of school going adolescents become sexually active. These individuals are potentially vulnerable and services need to be developed to meet their needs.

title: Sexual and reproductive knowledge, attitudes and behaviours in a school going population of XXXX Lankan adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'boys', 'girls']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Effective evaluation of treatment requires the use of measurement tools producing reliable scores that can be used to make valid decisions about the outcomes of interest. Therapist-rated treatment outcome scores that are obtained within the context of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) could provide clinicians and researchers with data that are easily accessible and complimentary to existing instrumentation. We examined the psychometric properties of scores from the Therapist Perception of Treatment Outcome: Youth @entity146 (TPTO:YAB), an instrument developed to assess therapist judgments of treatment success among families participating in an EST, @entity66 ( @entity66 ), for youth with @entity146 . Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of @entity66 . The initial 20-item TPTO:YAB was completed by therapists of 111 families at midtreatment and 163 families at treatment termination. Rasch model dimensionality analyses provided evidence for 2 dimensions reflecting youth- and caregiver-related aspects of treatment outcome, although a bifactor analyses suggested that these dimensions reflected a single more general construct. Rasch analyses were also used to assess item and rating scale characteristics and refine the number of items. These analyses suggested items performed similarly across time and that scores reflect treatment outcome in similar ways at mid and posttreatment. Multilevel and zero-order analyses provided evidence for the validity of TPTO:YAB scores. TPTO:YAB scores were moderately correlated with scores of youth and @entity146 targeted in treatment, adding support to its use as a treatment outcome measurement instrument. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Therapist perception of treatment outcome: Evaluating treatment outcomes among youth with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['MST', 'Multisystemic Therapy']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial behavior problems', 'Antisocial Behavior', 'caregiver behaviors']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['antisocial behavior problems']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the natural history of @entity1082 ), in particular the role of immunity, is crucial in estimating the (cost-) effectiveness of @entity5 screening strategies, because naturally acquired immunity after clearing an @entity281 may already protect part of the risk population against new @entity1083 . METHODS: We used STDSIM, an established stochastic microsimulation model, quantified to the Netherlands. We explored different assumptions regarding the natural history of @entity1799 and HPV-18, and estimated the transmission probabilities and durations of acquired immunity necessary to reproduce age-specific prevalence. RESULTS: A model without acquired immunity cannot reproduce the age-specific patterns of HPV. Also, it is necessary to assume a high degree of individual variation in the duration of @entity281 and acquired immunity. According to the model estimates, on average 20% of @entity1 are immune for @entity1799 and 15% for HPV-18. After an @entity1799 @entity281 , 50% are immune for less than 1 year, whereas 20% exceed 30 years. For HPV-18, up to 12% of the individuals are immune for less than 1 year, and about 50% over 30 years. Almost half of all @entity1 will never acquire @entity1799 or HPV-18. CONCLUSIONS: Acquired immunity likely plays a major role in HPV epidemiology, but its duration shows substantial variation. Combined with the lifetime risk, this explains to a large extent why many @entity1 will never develop @entity5 .

title: The Role of Acquired Immunity in the Spread of XXXX ): Explorations with a Microsimulation Model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV vaccination and cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human Papillomavirus (HPV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is one potential treatment option for @entity1 starting dialysis after graft loss (DAGL). However, the infectious outcomes and their associations with @entity479 use remain undetermined in these @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 41 DAGL @entity1 undergoing @entity298 were recruited. The @entity1 were divided into low- and high-dose @entity479 groups according to the median level. Additionally, they were categorized into tapering and nontapering groups, for which the tapering regimen was defined as the withdrawal of @entity230 within 1 year after starting @entity298 . Primary outcomes, such as @entity298 and exit site infection (ESI), were compared between DAGL and 712 @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 . RESULTS: The overall risk of @entity298 was similar between the @entity8 and DAGL groups. However, when the DAGL group was stratified by the @entity479 variable, the risk was higher in the high-dose or nontapering @entity479 groups than in the @entity8 or counterpart @entity479 groups. The DAGL group had a higher risk of ESI than the @entity8 group, irrespective of @entity479 dose. When the analysis was stratified by tapering regimen, the difference in ESI risks was seen only in the nontapering group and the @entity8 group; the tapering group had a similar risk of ESI as that of the @entity8 group. CONCLUSIONS: The present study first addresses the risks of @entity298 and ESI together and then raises awareness of the high risk that should be considered after using high-dose @entity230 or the nontapering regimen in the DAGL @entity1 .

title: @entity479 Use and Infectious Complication in Peritoneal Dialysis After XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'transplant-naive']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Kidney Transplant Failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is one potential treatment option for @entity1 starting dialysis after graft loss (DAGL). However, the infectious outcomes and their associations with @entity479 use remain undetermined in these @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 41 DAGL @entity1 undergoing @entity298 were recruited. The @entity1 were divided into low- and high-dose @entity479 groups according to the median level. Additionally, they were categorized into tapering and nontapering groups, for which the tapering regimen was defined as the withdrawal of @entity230 within 1 year after starting @entity298 . Primary outcomes, such as @entity298 and exit site infection (ESI), were compared between DAGL and 712 @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 . RESULTS: The overall risk of @entity298 was similar between the @entity8 and DAGL groups. However, when the DAGL group was stratified by the @entity479 variable, the risk was higher in the high-dose or nontapering @entity479 groups than in the @entity8 or counterpart @entity479 groups. The DAGL group had a higher risk of ESI than the @entity8 group, irrespective of @entity479 dose. When the analysis was stratified by tapering regimen, the difference in ESI risks was seen only in the nontapering group and the @entity8 group; the tapering group had a similar risk of ESI as that of the @entity8 group. CONCLUSIONS: The present study first addresses the risks of @entity298 and ESI together and then raises awareness of the high risk that should be considered after using high-dose @entity230 or the nontapering regimen in the DAGL @entity1 .

title: XXXX Use and Infectious Complication in Peritoneal Dialysis After @entity8 .

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: The first decade of the 20th century witnessed a surge in the incidence of @entity281 due to several highly antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in hospitals worldwide. @entity3064 is one such organism that turned from an occasional respiratory pathogen into a major nosocomial pathogen. An increasing number of A. baumannii genome sequences have broadened our understanding of the genetic makeup of these bacteria and highlighted the extent of horizontal transfer of DNA. Animal models of disease combined with bacterial mutagenesis have provided some valuable insights into mechanisms of A. baumannii pathogenesis. Bacterial factors known to be important for disease include outer membrane porins, surface structures including capsule and lipopolysaccharide, enzymes such as phospholipase D, @entity68 acquisition systems, and regulatory proteins. A. baumannii has a propensity to accumulate resistance to various groups of antimicrobial agents. In particular, @entity2893 resistance has become commonplace, accounting for the majority of A. baumannii strains in many hospitals today. @entity2893 -resistant strains are often resistant to all other routinely tested agents. Treatment of @entity2893 -resistant A. baumannii @entity281 therefore involves the use of combinations of last resort agents such as @entity3273 and @entity9001 , but the efficacy and safety of these approaches are yet to be defined. Antimicrobial-resistant A. baumannii has high potential to spread among ill @entity1 in intensive care units. Early recognition and timely implementation of appropriate @entity281 control measures is crucial in preventing outbreaks.

title: XXXX : evolution of antimicrobial resistance-treatment options.

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem', 'Carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity9001 :: ('MESH:C119092', 'Chemical') :: ['tigecycline']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: We set out to describe combat-related spine @entity130 over a 10-year period, and thereby determine the frequency of new onset @entity614 secondary to injuries sustained in support of combat operations. We performed a retrospective analysis of a surgical database at three military institutions. @entity1 undergoing spine surgery following a combat-related injury in Afghanistan or Iraq between July 2003 and July 2013 were evaluated. We identified 105 @entity1 with combat-related (Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom) spine @entity130 requiring operative intervention. Of these, 15 (14.3%) @entity1 had @entity614 as their primary complaint after injury. All @entity1 were diagnosed with herniated nucleus pulposus. The average age was 39 years, with 80% injured in Iraq and 20% in Afghanistan. The most common mechanism of injury was mounted improvised explosive device (33%). The cervical spine was most commonly involved (53%), followed by lumbar spine (40%). Average time from injury to surgery was 23.4 months; 53% of @entity1 had continued symptoms following surgery, and two @entity1 had at least one revision surgery. Two @entity1 were medically retired because of their symptoms. This study is the only of its kind evaluating the operative treatment of @entity614 following combat-related @entity130 . We identified a relatively high rate of @entity614 in these @entity1 .

title: Operative treatment of new onset XXXX secondary to combat injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['radiculopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity71490 encodes the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the covalent binding of @entity669 to its cognate mt-tRNA. Mutations in @entity71490 have been identified in @entity1 with @entity121 , @entity8193 , and @entity417 (MLASA2). We report here on two siblings with a novel mutation and a review of literature. The older @entity1 presented at 2  months with marked @entity417 and @entity12130 . He required periodic blood transfusions until 14 months of age. Cognitive and motor development was normal. His younger sister was diagnosed at birth, presenting with @entity417 and @entity8193 at 1 month of age requiring periodical transfusions. She is now 14 months old and doing well. For both our @entity1 , there was no clinical evidence of muscle involvement. We found a new homozygous mutation in @entity71490 , located in the a-anticodon-binding (aACB) domain, involved in the interaction with the anticodon of the cognate mt-tRNA(Tyr).Our study confirms that MLASA must be considered in @entity1 with @entity417 and underlines the importance of early diagnosis and supportive therapy in order to prevent severe complications. Clinical severity is variable among @entity71490 -reported @entity1 : our review of the literature suggests a possible phenotype-genotype correlation, although this should be confirmed in a larger population.

title: A Novel Homozygous XXXX Mutation in Two Italian Siblings and a Review of Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['sideroblastic anemia type 2', 'congenital sideroblastic anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity12130 :: ('MESH:D015325', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidemia']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity71490 :: (51067,Gene) :: ['YARS2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity13865 ( @entity13865 ) is a rare cause of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), @entity2293 and @entity1164 that typically affects young @entity1 in the postpartum period. Rarely, it can be caused by systemic inflammatory conditions such as @entity370 . @entity370 is an inflammatory disease most often affecting the lung and lymph nodes that can sometimes affect the heart. The authors report a case of @entity1164 caused by @entity13865 in the context of undiagnosed and subclinical @entity299 . The decedent was a 47-year-old male with a relatively innocuous past medical history. He was found dead in bed. At autopsy, there was a @entity2294 resulting in @entity2293 . Gross examination of the heart revealed dissection of the posterior descending coronary branch of the right coronary artery. Histologically, the coronary artery showed acute and organizing dissection with evidence of @entity1333 . A chronic inflammatory infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils and giant cells was seen. Sections of the myocardium showed @entity2401 with a nonnecrotizing @entity738 . The @entity204 was attributed to @entity2293 secondary to @entity13865 in the context of systemic @entity370 . The presented case demonstrates two concurrent rare pathologies and highlights the importance of considering @entity13865 in cases of @entity1164 at autopsy.

title: @entity1164 due to coronary artery dissection as a complication of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['lethal hemopericardium']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity13865 :: ('MESH:C565153', 'Disease') :: ['SCAD', 'Spontaneous coronary artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac sarcoidosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity13865 ( @entity13865 ) is a rare cause of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), @entity2293 and @entity1164 that typically affects young @entity1 in the postpartum period. Rarely, it can be caused by systemic inflammatory conditions such as @entity370 . @entity370 is an inflammatory disease most often affecting the lung and lymph nodes that can sometimes affect the heart. The authors report a case of @entity1164 caused by @entity13865 in the context of undiagnosed and subclinical @entity299 . The decedent was a 47-year-old male with a relatively innocuous past medical history. He was found dead in bed. At autopsy, there was a @entity2294 resulting in @entity2293 . Gross examination of the heart revealed dissection of the posterior descending coronary branch of the right coronary artery. Histologically, the coronary artery showed acute and organizing dissection with evidence of @entity1333 . A chronic inflammatory infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils and giant cells was seen. Sections of the myocardium showed @entity2401 with a nonnecrotizing @entity738 . The @entity204 was attributed to @entity2293 secondary to @entity13865 in the context of systemic @entity370 . The presented case demonstrates two concurrent rare pathologies and highlights the importance of considering @entity13865 in cases of @entity1164 at autopsy.

title: XXXX due to coronary artery dissection as a complication of @entity299 .

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['Sudden cardiac death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1600 in endometrioid @entity1204 is uncommon, and systematic para-aortic lymph node dissection increases morbidity. The purpose of this study was to identify a subgroup of endometrioid @entity1204 @entity1 who did not require para-aortic lymphadenectomy. STUDY DESIGN: All @entity1 who had undergone surgery for endometrioid @entity1204 between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 with higher risk factors for nodal @entity3 and inadequate lymphadenectomy were excluded. @entity1600 was defined as nodal @entity3 when pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection was performed, when para-aortic lymph node recurrence occurred after negative para-aortic lymph node dissection or when para-aortic lymph node dissection was not performed. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the pathological features as predictors for @entity2333 . RESULTS: A total of 827 @entity1 were assessed, 516 (62.4%) of whom underwent pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection. Sixty-seven (13%) @entity1 (37 with only pelvic, 26 with pelvic and para-aortic, and 4 with only para-aortic @entity3 ) had positive lymph nodes in the pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection group. Multivariate analysis confirmed positive pelvic nodes (odds ratio 20.58; p<0.001) and lymphovascular space invasion (odds ratio 8.10; p=0.022) as independent predictors of @entity2333 . When these two factors were absent (in 83% of @entity1 ), the predicted probability of para-aortic lymph node @entity3 was 0.1%. CONCLUSION: Positive pelvic nodes and lymphovascular space invasion are highly associated with para-aortic lymph node @entity3 . These markers may be useful for identifying those @entity1 who require para-aortic lymph node dissection.

title: Lymphovascular space invasion and positive pelvic lymph nodes are independent risk factors for para-aortic nodal XXXX in endometrioid @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Para-aortic lymph node dissemination']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['para-aortic lymphatic dissemination']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1600 in endometrioid @entity1204 is uncommon, and systematic para-aortic lymph node dissection increases morbidity. The purpose of this study was to identify a subgroup of endometrioid @entity1204 @entity1 who did not require para-aortic lymphadenectomy. STUDY DESIGN: All @entity1 who had undergone surgery for endometrioid @entity1204 between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 with higher risk factors for nodal @entity3 and inadequate lymphadenectomy were excluded. @entity1600 was defined as nodal @entity3 when pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection was performed, when para-aortic lymph node recurrence occurred after negative para-aortic lymph node dissection or when para-aortic lymph node dissection was not performed. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the pathological features as predictors for @entity2333 . RESULTS: A total of 827 @entity1 were assessed, 516 (62.4%) of whom underwent pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection. Sixty-seven (13%) @entity1 (37 with only pelvic, 26 with pelvic and para-aortic, and 4 with only para-aortic @entity3 ) had positive lymph nodes in the pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection group. Multivariate analysis confirmed positive pelvic nodes (odds ratio 20.58; p<0.001) and lymphovascular space invasion (odds ratio 8.10; p=0.022) as independent predictors of @entity2333 . When these two factors were absent (in 83% of @entity1 ), the predicted probability of para-aortic lymph node @entity3 was 0.1%. CONCLUSION: Positive pelvic nodes and lymphovascular space invasion are highly associated with para-aortic lymph node @entity3 . These markers may be useful for identifying those @entity1 who require para-aortic lymph node dissection.

title: Lymphovascular space invasion and positive pelvic lymph nodes are independent risk factors for para-aortic nodal @entity3 in endometrioid XXXX .

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: Venous and interstitial fluid pressure, protein content of blood plasma, leg lymph and interstitial fluid were estimated in anaesthetized normal @entity235 and @entity95 as well as in @entity235 with chronic inferior v. cava constriction. In the tissue fluid collected by the perforated capsule and by the wick methods protein concentrations were the same. In the @entity95 hindlegs subcutaneous tissue fluid and lymph protein concentrations were 50 and 45%, respectively of plasma protein concentration. In the @entity235 tissue fluid, protein was 42.5% but lymph protein content was only 17% of plasma protein. Tissue fluid hydraulic pressure (intracapsular) was in normal @entity235 --5.0 +/- 1.3 mm Hg and it increased in cava constricted @entity235 to +0.8 +/- 0.4 mm Hg. In caval constriction, protein concentration in the interstitial fluid decreased markedly. A linear relationship was found in @entity235 and @entity95 between tissue fluid and lymph protein concentration (r = 0.68 and 0.73, respectively). The relationship between venous and tissue fluid (intracapsular) pressures was non-linear. In @entity235 hindlimbs the calculated isogravimetric capillary pressure was 7.8 mm Hg. In @entity450 both the increase of interstitial fluid hydraulic pressure, and the decrease of oncotic pressure ace as " @entity4 safety factors". In the @entity95 20 h after the intravenous injection of labelled albumin there was no significant difference between the specific radioactive albumin contents of plasma, leg lymph and tissue fluid.

title: Interstitial fluid, lymph and XXXX formation.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['oedema']


abstract: Psychomotor @entity2146 is a widespread clinical problem both in @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity2403 . It is a highly hazardous condition, imposing significant risks in @entity146 emergency, as expressedby elevated ratios of adverse events and traumatic experiences (both for @entity1 and medical staff). The available anti- @entity2146 drugs have numerous disadvantages. The orally administered medications (even though preferable to: @entity1 ) take hours or even-days for the therapeutic effect to emerge .(and also there is a risk of exacerbating @entity2146 in between). Although rapid onset of action (15-45 minutes) is a noteworthy merit of intramuscular drugs, such an invasive strategy is far too often bound to @entity1 ' @entity148 , resistance, and traumatic experiences. The need for novel drug formulations (ideally, both integrating the benefits of injectable and orally administered tranquillizing medications, 'and free from their disadvantages) can be, therefore, clearly grasped. Development of.inhaled @entity12902 exemplifies the attempts to overcome the above-delineated obstacles. As suggested by the available research base, inhaled @entity12902 seems to be an effective anti- @entity2146 drug in treatment of @entity1 with schizoplhenia and @entity2403 (with the onset of action similar to the one observed in intramuscular antipsychotics). However, this formulation of @entity12902 is distinguished by its non-invasive route of administration, as accompanied by markedly, low risk of side effects or adverse events.

title: [Inhaled @entity12902 : A novel treatment for XXXX in psychotic disorders].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity2146 :: (MESH:D011595,Disease) :: ['agitation']


abstract: Psychomotor @entity2146 is a widespread clinical problem both in @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity2403 . It is a highly hazardous condition, imposing significant risks in @entity146 emergency, as expressedby elevated ratios of adverse events and traumatic experiences (both for @entity1 and medical staff). The available anti- @entity2146 drugs have numerous disadvantages. The orally administered medications (even though preferable to: @entity1 ) take hours or even-days for the therapeutic effect to emerge .(and also there is a risk of exacerbating @entity2146 in between). Although rapid onset of action (15-45 minutes) is a noteworthy merit of intramuscular drugs, such an invasive strategy is far too often bound to @entity1 ' @entity148 , resistance, and traumatic experiences. The need for novel drug formulations (ideally, both integrating the benefits of injectable and orally administered tranquillizing medications, 'and free from their disadvantages) can be, therefore, clearly grasped. Development of.inhaled @entity12902 exemplifies the attempts to overcome the above-delineated obstacles. As suggested by the available research base, inhaled @entity12902 seems to be an effective anti- @entity2146 drug in treatment of @entity1 with schizoplhenia and @entity2403 (with the onset of action similar to the one observed in intramuscular antipsychotics). However, this formulation of @entity12902 is distinguished by its non-invasive route of administration, as accompanied by markedly, low risk of side effects or adverse events.

title: [Inhaled XXXX : A novel treatment for @entity2146 in psychotic disorders].

answer: @entity12902 :: (MESH:D008152,Chemical) :: ['loxapine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to estimate trends in incidence and relative survival ratio in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2 in Canada over the period of 1992-2007. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified @entity1 with primary invasive @entity1149 in the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR) dataset. @entity1 younger than 18 years of age were excluded in this analysis. A flexible parametric model was used to estimate one- and five-year relative survival ratios and excess mortality rate. RESULTS: In total 182,417, @entity1 from CCR dataset with @entity2 were identified of which 57.2% (n=106,197) were male and the mean age at diagnosis was 68.8 (SD=11.0) years. The incidence rate of @entity2 decreased in @entity1 and increased in @entity1 . Although one-year relative survival ratio slightly improved over time for both genders and most age groups, five-year relative survival decreased for most of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence rate of @entity2 continued to decrease in @entity1 , it is increasing in @entity1 and the gap in incidence between @entity1 and @entity1 is narrowing. The one-year relative survival ratio gradually increased for most age groups over the study period, particularly for the younger age groups. Additionally, excess mortality rate is at its peak shortly after diagnosis and for the first 6 months and thereafter gradually decreases.

title: Temporal trends in the incidence and relative survival of XXXX in Canada: A population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['invasive lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Randomized trials of radiation after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) found substantial rates of recurrence, with half of the recurrences being invasive. Decreasing local recurrence rates for invasive @entity0 have been observed and are largely attributed to improvements in systemic therapy. In this study, we examine recurrence rates after BCS for @entity3821 over 3 decades at one institution. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively maintained database of @entity3821 @entity1 undergoing BCS from 1978 to 2010. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the association between the treatment period and recurrence, controlling for other variables. RESULTS: Overall, 363 (12  %) recurrences among 2996 cases were observed. Median follow-up for @entity1 without recurrence was 75  months (range 0-30  years); 732 @entity1 were followed for >= 10  years. The 5-year recurrence rate for the period 1978-1998 was 13.6 versus 6.6  % for the period 1999-2010 [hazard ratio (HR) 0.62, p  <  0.0001]. Controlling for age, family history, presentation, nuclear grade, @entity39 , number of excisions, margin status, radiation, and endocrine therapy, treatment period remained significantly associated with recurrence, with later years associated with a lower HR (0.74, p  =  0.02) compared to earlier. After stratification by radiation use, association of recurrence with treatment period persisted in those treated without radiation (HR 0.62, p  =  0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrence rates for @entity3821 have fallen over time, with increases in screen detection, negative margins, and use of adjuvant therapies only partially explaining this decrease. The unexplained decline persists in @entity1 not receiving radiation, suggesting it is not due to changes in radiation efficacy but may be due to improvements in radiologic detection and pathologic assessment.

title: Decreasing Recurrence Rates for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Analysis of 2996 XXXX Treated with Breast-Conserving Surgery Over 30 Years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Host-defense mechanisms may have an important role in predicting the outcome of @entity14 @entity1 . We designed our study to evaluate the possible prognostic significance of the presence of @entity2617 ( @entity2617 ) and subgroups of lymphocytes (CD3 and @entity2225 ) in the @entity5 . We randomly selected 195 @entity1 operated for @entity14 from a larger cohort of 1527 @entity1 with @entity14 . Histological slides were blindly reevaluated for the presence of @entity2617 that was graded 0 to 3. Immunohistochemical phenotyping of the lymphocytes was performed only for @entity5 with @entity2617 score 3 and included antibodies CD3 and @entity2225 . CD3 and @entity2225 immunostaining were graded in the same manner as @entity2617 . The mean duration of follow-up was 63.8 months. The distribution of @entity1 with @entity14 according to @entity2617 scores was as follows: score 0, 20/195 (10.2%); score 1, 61/195 (31.3%); score 2, 78/195 (40%); and score 3, 36/195 (18.5%). There was no correlation between any clinicopathological pattern and @entity2617 . Score 3 staining for CD3 was more common than for @entity2225 (64.7% vs 8.8%, P < .0001). @entity2617 (score 3) was associated with better disease-free survival (P = .062). Recurrence was diagnosed among 2/22 (9.1%) @entity1 with prominent CD3 staining versus 62/171 (36.2%) of all other @entity1 groups (P = .054) and they correspondingly had better disease-free survival (P = .018). It seems we can identify a group of @entity1 with @entity14 who have an excellent prognosis according to a single immunological test unrelated to other known prognostic factors.

title: Lymphocytic Infiltration as a Prognostic Factor in XXXX With Colon Cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic infiltration', 'Prominent lymphocytic infiltration', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Modern adjuncts to complex, open @entity4037 repair often include component separation (CS) and/or panniculectomy ( @entity47194 ). This study examines nationwide data to determine how these techniques impact postoperative complications. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried from 2005 to 2013 for inpatient, elective open @entity4037 (OVHR). Cases were grouped by the need for and type of concomitant advancement flaps: OVHR alone (OVHRA), OVHR with CS, OVHR with panniculectomy ( @entity47194 ), or both @entity47194 (BOTH). Multivariate regression to control for confounding factors was conducted. There were 58,845 OVHR: 51,494 OVHRA, 5,357 CS, 1,617 @entity47194 , and 377 BOTH. Wound complications (OVHRA 8.2%, CS 12.8%, @entity47194 14.4%, BOTH 17.5%), general complications (15.2%, 24.9%, 25.2%, 31.6%), and major complications (6.9%, 11.4%, 7.2%, 13.5%) were different between groups (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in mortality. Multivariate regression showed CS had higher odds of wound [odds ratio (OR) 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-2.0], general (OR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3-1.8), and major complications (OR 2.1, 95%, CI: 1.8-2.4), and longer length of stay by 2.3 days. @entity47194 had higher odds of wound (OR 1.5, 95%, CI: 1.3-1.8) and general complications (OR 1.7, 95%CI: 1.5-2.0). Both CS and @entity47194 had higher odds of wound (OR 2.2, 95%, CI: 1.5-3.2), general (OR 2.5, 95%, CI: 1.8-3.4), and major complications (OR 2.2, 95%CI: 1.4-3.4), and two days longer length of stay. In conclusion, @entity1 undergoing OVHR that require CS or @entity47194 have a higher independent risk of complications, which increases when the procedures are combined.

title: National Outcomes for Open XXXX Repair Techniques in Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia repairs', 'ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['Ventral Hernia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to review central line-associated blood stream @entity281 (CLABSI) data from a surgical @entity130 intensive care unit to better understand @entity1 risk factors, pathogens, and treatment interventions. We performed a retrospective review of all surgical ICU @entity1 who met the Centers for Disease Control definition for Gram-negative CLABSI from 2006 through 2013. Demographics, pathogens, interventions, and outcomes were evaluated. A total of 40 @entity1 were included with an average age of 49.9    19 years and 72.5 per cent male. The average length of central venous line (CVL) was 11    5.9 days with average time from line placement to positive culture 9.4    6.8 days. Most common organisms were Enterobacter species (37.5%) with 17.8 per cent of all cultured organisms considered multidrug resistant. @entity3400 - @entity7120 (67.5%) was the most commonly used antibiotic. Overall mortality rate was 22.5 per cent. A total of 11 @entity1 who developed a recurrence did so at 10.7    8 days and were similar to those without recurrence. Predominant pathogens associated with surgical @entity130 intensive care unit CLABSI in this study are different from those Gram-negative bacteria associated with published studies in the general hospital population. Further investigation into risk factors for @entity281 and relapse is important to minimize such consequences. Understanding appropriate line placement and use as well as clarifying optimal duration of therapy is integral in improving outcomes.

title: Understanding Gram-negative Central Line-Associated Blood Stream Infection in a Surgical XXXX ICU.

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['Piperacillin']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In July 2012, two simultaneous wildfires burnt a big area in Valencia (Spain), where a birth cohort study (INMA) is being developed. The heavy smoke covered the whole INMA study area for several days. We aimed at evaluating the 2012 Valencia wildfire effects on the health of @entity1 enrolled in the INMA-Valencia cohort. Two weeks after the extinction of the wildfires, a phone survey was conducted and finally 460 individuals were enrolled. We considered a wildfire period (12-day interval when they were active) and a control period (12-day interval just before wildfires). Parents were asked about respiratory symptoms experienced during both periods, and during wildfires only about the preventive measures adopted and the perception of exposure, along with individual data collected through the different follow-up surveys of the cohort. Conditional logistic regression models were applied, and we included interaction terms for @entity565 / @entity2490 and level of perception of exposure; 82.4  % perceived smoke smell outdoors, 40  % indoors and more than 90  % of the families observed the presence of ash. An adjusted odds ratio of 3.11 [95  % confidence interval 1.62-5.97] for itchy/ @entity735 and 3.02 [1.41-6.44] for sore throat was obtained. Significant interaction terms for @entity2490 and @entity565 in itchy/ @entity735 and sneezing, and only @entity565 for sore throat were obtained. Exposure to wildfire smoke was associated with increased respiratory symptoms in this @entity1 population, particularly affecting susceptible individuals with @entity565 or @entity2490 .

title: Health effects of the 2012 Valencia (Spain) wildfires on XXXX in a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['watery eyes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: GABAA receptors (GABAARs) mediate rapid inhibitory transmission in the brain. GABAARs are ligand-gated @entity2865 ion channel proteins and exist in about a dozen or more heteropentameric subtypes exhibiting variable age and brain regional localization and thus participation in differing brain functions and diseases. GABAARs are also subject to modulation by several chemotypes of allosteric ligands that help define structure and function, including subtype definition. The channel blocker @entity5094 identified a noncompetitive channel blocker site in GABAARs. This ligand site is located in the transmembrane channel pore, whereas the @entity1246 agonist site is in the extracellular domain at subunit interfaces, a site useful for low energy coupled conformational changes of the functional channel domain. Two classes of pharmacologically important allosteric modulatory ligand binding sites reside in the extracellular domain at modified agonist sites at other subunit interfaces: the @entity1245 site and the high-affinity, relevant to intoxication, @entity1068 site. The @entity1245 site is specific for certain GABAAR subtypes, mainly synaptic, while the @entity1068 site is found at a modified @entity1245 site on different, extrasynaptic, subtypes. In the transmembrane domain are allosteric modulatory ligand sites for diverse chemotypes of general anesthetics: the volatile and intravenous agents, @entity7353 , @entity4671 , @entity1875 , long-chain @entity4313 , and neurosteroids. The last are endogenous positive allosteric modulators. X-ray crystal structures of prokaryotic and invertebrate pentameric ligand-gated ion channels, and the @entity1 GABAAR protein, allow homology modeling of GABAAR subtypes with the various ligand sites located to suggest the structure and function of these proteins and their pharmacological modulation.

title: Allosteric Ligands and Their Binding Sites Define y-Aminobutyric Acid ( XXXX ) Type A Receptor Subtypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity7353 :: ('MESH:D001463', 'Chemical') :: ['barbiturates']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: Total correction of underdeveloped right ventricle related to @entity1145 has been performed in 6 @entity1 at the department of @entity1514 and cardiovascular surgery University G  ttingen. In 5 @entity1 reconstruction of a four-chamber-four-valved heart could be accomplished. 1 @entity1 with a poor result after Fontan's operation, performed one year previously, showed a significant growth in size of the hypoplastic right ventricle in the postoperative angiogram, but died 14 hours after reoperation. Prior to corrective surgery, 4 @entity1 required 1 or 2 palliative procedures: 3 Glenn- and 2 Blalock-Taussig operations and a pulmonary valvulotomy in 1 @entity1 . A Hancock-valved conduit was inserted between the right atrium and the hypoplastic right ventricle as an inlet of this chamber after closure of the @entity2438 and @entity1757 in 4 @entity1 . The conduits are bypassing the hypoplastic tricuspid valve orifices closed during corrective surgery. In the remainder 2 @entity1 with moderate tricuspid and right @entity4265 , closure of the @entity2438 was performed only. Anomalous muscle bundles and fibrous tissue inside the right ventricular cavity were resected surgically, safely. 4 to 12 months after corrective surgery the 5 survivors were investigated by cardiac catheterization. In the 3 @entity1 operated with a valved conduit there was a moderate growth in size of the hypoplastic right ventricle, the right atrial pressure was elevated and ranged from p = 14 to 16 mm Hg. There was a slight right atrial-right ventricular gradient of 4 mm Hg across the valved conduit. The 2 @entity1 with closure of the @entity2438 and @entity1757 only had a nearly normal-sized right ventricle and a right atrial pressure of p = 10 mm Hg or less at the postoperative right ventricle and a right atrial pressure of p = 10 mm Hg or less at the postoperative investigation. All of them were acyanotic and had an improved or normal exercise tolerance. We concluded that reconstruction of an underdeveloped right ventricle in well-selected cases will yield more physiological benefits than do current surgical procedures, in which a conduit is interposed between the right atrium and the main pulmonary artery.

title: [Reconstruction of underdeveloped right ventricle and XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['ventricle hypoplasia']

answer: @entity1145 :: (MESH:D018785,Disease) :: ['tricuspid hypoplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity725 ( @entity725 ) is a blinding disease. Two important risk factors for this disease are a positive family history and @entity2790 (IOP), which is also highly heritable. Genes found to date associated with IOP and @entity725 are @entity21123 , @entity5689 / @entity30716 , @entity50070 and @entity43941 . However, these genes explain only a small part of the heritability of IOP and @entity725 . We performed a genome-wide association study of IOP in the population-based Rotterdam Study I and Rotterdam Study II using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) imputed to 1000 Genomes. In this discovery cohort (n = 8105), we identified a new locus associated with IOP. The most significantly associated SNP was @entity71491 (b = 0.44, P-value = 1.87 * 10(-8), minor allele frequency = 0.12), within the gene @entity61258 . Independent replication in five population-based studies (n = 7471) resulted in an effect size in the same direction that was significantly associated (b = 0.16, P-value = 0.04). The SNP was also significantly associated with @entity725 in two independent case-control studies [n = 1225 cases and n = 4117 controls; odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, P-value = 1.99 * 10(-8)], especially with high-tension @entity726 (OR = 1.66, P-value = 2.81 * 10(-9); for normal-tension @entity726 OR = 1.29, P-value = 4.23 * 10(-2)). @entity61258 plays an important role in the @entity3547 / @entity3547 kinase pathway, which has been implicated in IOP regulation. Furthermore, it binds to @entity21123 and links the @entity21123 , @entity5689 / @entity30716 and @entity50070 pathway to Mendelian @entity725 genes ( @entity29714 , @entity30626 , @entity48101 ). In conclusion, this study identified a novel association between IOP and @entity61258 .

title: @entity61258 influences the risk of @entity726 by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'Primary open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['increasing intraocular pressure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity725 ( @entity725 ) is a blinding disease. Two important risk factors for this disease are a positive family history and @entity2790 (IOP), which is also highly heritable. Genes found to date associated with IOP and @entity725 are @entity21123 , @entity5689 / @entity30716 , @entity50070 and @entity43941 . However, these genes explain only a small part of the heritability of IOP and @entity725 . We performed a genome-wide association study of IOP in the population-based Rotterdam Study I and Rotterdam Study II using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) imputed to 1000 Genomes. In this discovery cohort (n = 8105), we identified a new locus associated with IOP. The most significantly associated SNP was @entity71491 (b = 0.44, P-value = 1.87 * 10(-8), minor allele frequency = 0.12), within the gene @entity61258 . Independent replication in five population-based studies (n = 7471) resulted in an effect size in the same direction that was significantly associated (b = 0.16, P-value = 0.04). The SNP was also significantly associated with @entity725 in two independent case-control studies [n = 1225 cases and n = 4117 controls; odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, P-value = 1.99 * 10(-8)], especially with high-tension @entity726 (OR = 1.66, P-value = 2.81 * 10(-9); for normal-tension @entity726 OR = 1.29, P-value = 4.23 * 10(-2)). @entity61258 plays an important role in the @entity3547 / @entity3547 kinase pathway, which has been implicated in IOP regulation. Furthermore, it binds to @entity21123 and links the @entity21123 , @entity5689 / @entity30716 and @entity50070 pathway to Mendelian @entity725 genes ( @entity29714 , @entity30626 , @entity48101 ). In conclusion, this study identified a novel association between IOP and @entity61258 .

title: XXXX influences the risk of @entity726 by @entity2790 .

answer: @entity61258 :: (23365,Gene) :: ['ARHGEF12']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity725 ( @entity725 ) is a blinding disease. Two important risk factors for this disease are a positive family history and @entity2790 (IOP), which is also highly heritable. Genes found to date associated with IOP and @entity725 are @entity21123 , @entity5689 / @entity30716 , @entity50070 and @entity43941 . However, these genes explain only a small part of the heritability of IOP and @entity725 . We performed a genome-wide association study of IOP in the population-based Rotterdam Study I and Rotterdam Study II using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) imputed to 1000 Genomes. In this discovery cohort (n = 8105), we identified a new locus associated with IOP. The most significantly associated SNP was @entity71491 (b = 0.44, P-value = 1.87 * 10(-8), minor allele frequency = 0.12), within the gene @entity61258 . Independent replication in five population-based studies (n = 7471) resulted in an effect size in the same direction that was significantly associated (b = 0.16, P-value = 0.04). The SNP was also significantly associated with @entity725 in two independent case-control studies [n = 1225 cases and n = 4117 controls; odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, P-value = 1.99 * 10(-8)], especially with high-tension @entity726 (OR = 1.66, P-value = 2.81 * 10(-9); for normal-tension @entity726 OR = 1.29, P-value = 4.23 * 10(-2)). @entity61258 plays an important role in the @entity3547 / @entity3547 kinase pathway, which has been implicated in IOP regulation. Furthermore, it binds to @entity21123 and links the @entity21123 , @entity5689 / @entity30716 and @entity50070 pathway to Mendelian @entity725 genes ( @entity29714 , @entity30626 , @entity48101 ). In conclusion, this study identified a novel association between IOP and @entity61258 .

title: @entity61258 influences the risk of XXXX by @entity2790 .

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The primary cilium is an organelle present in most of the cells of the organism. Ciliopathies are @entity74 of the primary cilium and can be associated with @entity28 . We have studied the primary cilium during adipocyte differentiation of @entity1 adipose stem cells (hASC). We show here that the size of the primary cilium follows several modifications during adipocyte differentiation. It is absent in growing cells and appears in confluent cells. Interestingly, during the first days of differentiation, the cilium undergoes a dramatic elongation that can be mimicked by @entity619 alone. Thereafter, its size decreases. It can still be detected in cells that begin to accumulate lipids but is absent in cells that are filled with lipids. The cilium elongation does not seem to affect the localization of proteins associated with the cilium such as @entity47635 or Smoothened. However, Hedgehog signaling, an anti-adipogenic pathway dependent on the primary cilium, is inhibited after three days of differentiation, concomitantly with the cilium size increase. Together, these results shed new light on the primary cilium and could provide us with new information on adipocyte differentiation under normal and pathological conditions.

title: The primary cilium undergoes dynamic size modifications during adipocyte differentiation of XXXX adipose stem cells.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']