abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of medical management and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 )-augmented excisional bleb revision (EBR) for encapsulated filtering @entity4530 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The author conducted a retrospective study of 503 @entity1 who had undergone trabeculectomy performed over a 5 year period, followed up for at least one year, in order to identify the encapsulated filtering @entity4530 . @entity1138 -augmented (0.4mg/ml for 3 minutes) EBR was performed in cases of failed medical therapy for managing encapsulated @entity4530 consisting of antiglaucoma medications, topical @entity230 , and digital compression. RESULTS: An encapsulated bleb developed in 18 eyes (3.6%) of 503 @entity1 . Identification of bleb encapsulation occurred at a mean follow-up time of 24.2 +/- 10.4 days after surgery. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) at that point was 30.4 +/- 11.7 mmHg in the affected eyes. Fifteen (83.3%) of 18 eyes responded to conservative management and 3 eyes (16.7%) required @entity1139 augmented EBR. The mean IOP reduced from 30.4 +/- 11.7 mmHg to 14.2 +/- 4.2 mmHg after a mean follow-up of 37.6 +/- 11.4 months in the conservative management group, while it reduced from 37.3 +/- 23.4 mmHg to 12.0 +/- 4.4 mmHg after a mean follow-up of 42 +/- 6 months in the surgically treated group. None of the surgically treated eyes developed @entity1139 -related complications. CONCLUSION: Conservative management is very effective in the treatment of encapsulated filtering @entity4530 . The intraoperative use of @entity1139 is a safe and effective adjunct in EBR in cases where conservative management has failed.

title: Results of medical management and XXXX -augmented excisional bleb revision for encapsulated filtering @entity4530 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C', 'Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of medical management and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 )-augmented excisional bleb revision (EBR) for encapsulated filtering @entity4530 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The author conducted a retrospective study of 503 @entity1 who had undergone trabeculectomy performed over a 5 year period, followed up for at least one year, in order to identify the encapsulated filtering @entity4530 . @entity1138 -augmented (0.4mg/ml for 3 minutes) EBR was performed in cases of failed medical therapy for managing encapsulated @entity4530 consisting of antiglaucoma medications, topical @entity230 , and digital compression. RESULTS: An encapsulated bleb developed in 18 eyes (3.6%) of 503 @entity1 . Identification of bleb encapsulation occurred at a mean follow-up time of 24.2 +/- 10.4 days after surgery. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) at that point was 30.4 +/- 11.7 mmHg in the affected eyes. Fifteen (83.3%) of 18 eyes responded to conservative management and 3 eyes (16.7%) required @entity1139 augmented EBR. The mean IOP reduced from 30.4 +/- 11.7 mmHg to 14.2 +/- 4.2 mmHg after a mean follow-up of 37.6 +/- 11.4 months in the conservative management group, while it reduced from 37.3 +/- 23.4 mmHg to 12.0 +/- 4.4 mmHg after a mean follow-up of 42 +/- 6 months in the surgically treated group. None of the surgically treated eyes developed @entity1139 -related complications. CONCLUSION: Conservative management is very effective in the treatment of encapsulated filtering @entity4530 . The intraoperative use of @entity1139 is a safe and effective adjunct in EBR in cases where conservative management has failed.

title: Results of medical management and @entity1138 -augmented excisional bleb revision for encapsulated filtering XXXX .

answer: @entity4530 :: (MESH:D001768,Disease) :: ['blebs']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 in type 2 @entity6 ( @entity4989 ) outpatients from different regions of Brazil. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 2,519 randomly selected @entity1 , from 11 hospitals, 2 endocrine and one general public care clinics from 10 cities. Overweight was defined as body-mass index (BMI) > 25 and @entity28 as BMI > 30 kg/m2. Glycemic control (GC) was evaluated by GC index (GCI = @entity1 's @entity4051 or HbA1c/upper limit of normal for the method x 100). RESULTS: 39% of the population studied was male, the mean age was 58.8 +/- 11.6 y, the duration from clinical diagnosis of @entity4989 was 9.0 +/- 7.3y, and BMI was 28.3 +/- 5.2 kg/m2. No measurements of BMI were recorded from 265 @entity1 (10.5%). @entity1 from the Northeast presented lower BMI as compared with those from the Midwest, Southeast and South areas, respectively (26.4 +/- 4.7 vs. 27.9 +/- 4.8 vs. 29.2 +/- 5.1 vs. 29.4 +/- 5.4 kg/m2; p < 0.001). A greater prevalence of @entity28 was observed in the Southeast and South areas as compared to the Northeast (p < 0.001), as well as in the female group, respectively (69% vs. 31%; p < 0.001). Normal weight @entity1 presented lower GCI. @entity1 being treated with two or more oral drugs and an association of insulin plus oral drug presented greater BMI values than those being treated with diet, oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin p < 0.001. The BMI of @entity1 treated by a specialist did not differ from those treated by a generalist. CONCLUSIONS: 75% of our sample was out of adequate BMI and 30% was @entity28 . The percentage of @entity1 with @entity2973 and @entity28 was comparable to those found in similar European studies but still lower than those found in the USA. The prevalence of @entity28 in @entity6 @entity1 was three times higher than in the overall Brazilian population according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).

title: [Nationwide multicenter study on the prevalence of @entity2973 and XXXX in @entity6 in the Brazilian population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 in type 2 @entity6 ( @entity4989 ) outpatients from different regions of Brazil. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 2,519 randomly selected @entity1 , from 11 hospitals, 2 endocrine and one general public care clinics from 10 cities. Overweight was defined as body-mass index (BMI) > 25 and @entity28 as BMI > 30 kg/m2. Glycemic control (GC) was evaluated by GC index (GCI = @entity1 's @entity4051 or HbA1c/upper limit of normal for the method x 100). RESULTS: 39% of the population studied was male, the mean age was 58.8 +/- 11.6 y, the duration from clinical diagnosis of @entity4989 was 9.0 +/- 7.3y, and BMI was 28.3 +/- 5.2 kg/m2. No measurements of BMI were recorded from 265 @entity1 (10.5%). @entity1 from the Northeast presented lower BMI as compared with those from the Midwest, Southeast and South areas, respectively (26.4 +/- 4.7 vs. 27.9 +/- 4.8 vs. 29.2 +/- 5.1 vs. 29.4 +/- 5.4 kg/m2; p < 0.001). A greater prevalence of @entity28 was observed in the Southeast and South areas as compared to the Northeast (p < 0.001), as well as in the female group, respectively (69% vs. 31%; p < 0.001). Normal weight @entity1 presented lower GCI. @entity1 being treated with two or more oral drugs and an association of insulin plus oral drug presented greater BMI values than those being treated with diet, oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin p < 0.001. The BMI of @entity1 treated by a specialist did not differ from those treated by a generalist. CONCLUSIONS: 75% of our sample was out of adequate BMI and 30% was @entity28 . The percentage of @entity1 with @entity2973 and @entity28 was comparable to those found in similar European studies but still lower than those found in the USA. The prevalence of @entity28 in @entity6 @entity1 was three times higher than in the overall Brazilian population according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).

title: [Nationwide multicenter study on the prevalence of XXXX and @entity28 in @entity6 in the Brazilian population].

answer: @entity2973 :: (MESH:D050177,Disease) :: ['overweight']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 in type 2 @entity6 ( @entity4989 ) outpatients from different regions of Brazil. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 2,519 randomly selected @entity1 , from 11 hospitals, 2 endocrine and one general public care clinics from 10 cities. Overweight was defined as body-mass index (BMI) > 25 and @entity28 as BMI > 30 kg/m2. Glycemic control (GC) was evaluated by GC index (GCI = @entity1 's @entity4051 or HbA1c/upper limit of normal for the method x 100). RESULTS: 39% of the population studied was male, the mean age was 58.8 +/- 11.6 y, the duration from clinical diagnosis of @entity4989 was 9.0 +/- 7.3y, and BMI was 28.3 +/- 5.2 kg/m2. No measurements of BMI were recorded from 265 @entity1 (10.5%). @entity1 from the Northeast presented lower BMI as compared with those from the Midwest, Southeast and South areas, respectively (26.4 +/- 4.7 vs. 27.9 +/- 4.8 vs. 29.2 +/- 5.1 vs. 29.4 +/- 5.4 kg/m2; p < 0.001). A greater prevalence of @entity28 was observed in the Southeast and South areas as compared to the Northeast (p < 0.001), as well as in the female group, respectively (69% vs. 31%; p < 0.001). Normal weight @entity1 presented lower GCI. @entity1 being treated with two or more oral drugs and an association of insulin plus oral drug presented greater BMI values than those being treated with diet, oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin p < 0.001. The BMI of @entity1 treated by a specialist did not differ from those treated by a generalist. CONCLUSIONS: 75% of our sample was out of adequate BMI and 30% was @entity28 . The percentage of @entity1 with @entity2973 and @entity28 was comparable to those found in similar European studies but still lower than those found in the USA. The prevalence of @entity28 in @entity6 @entity1 was three times higher than in the overall Brazilian population according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).

title: [Nationwide multicenter study on the prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 in XXXX in the Brazilian population].

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Both community-based studies and reports from more selected @entity302 populations consistently reveal @entity1 with @entity302 to have a mortality rate two to three times that of the general population. This increased rate is most pronounced in @entity1 with remote @entity302 , although many studies also report a significant excess mortality also among those with @entity3762 . The highest standardized mortality ratios (SMR) are seen in young age groups, mainly due to the low expected mortality in @entity1 , and during the first 5-10 years after diagnosis. Many of these observations suggest that the higher mortality is partly related to the underlying disorder causing @entity302 rather than a direct consequence of the @entity410 . For example, mortality in @entity66 is increased, with SMRs ranging from 1.8 to 5.3 in the various studies. Deaths due to @entity5 , and in particular @entity1313 , is also increased among @entity1 with @entity302 . Accidents, @entity159 , and @entity944 ( @entity944 ) are more directly @entity410 -related causes of @entity204 . The incidence of such @entity204 vary considerably depending on the population being studied. While rare among @entity1 with new-onset @entity302 , @entity410 -related @entity204 may account for up to 40% of all @entity204 in @entity1 with chronic @entity302 . @entity944 is probably the most frequent @entity410 -related cause of @entity204 among young adults with @entity302 , with an SMR more than 20 compared with the general population. @entity410 -induced autonomic cardiorespiratory effects have been suggested, but the mechanisms behind @entity944 are far from fully understood. It appears, however, that the risk of @entity944 is closely related to @entity410 frequency, being 40 times higher in @entity1 who continue to have @entity410 than in those who are @entity410 -free.

title: Mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['SUD', 'sudden unexpected death']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Clinical data on survival outcomes of adult @entity1 (defined as 20 years of age and older) with @entity521 are scarce due to the rarity of the disease. Small single institution reports have described worse outcomes for adults than pediatric @entity1 . MATERIALS/METHODS: Data from the public access Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database were reviewed for a 30-year period between 1973 and 2002 for the diagnosis of @entity521 . Analyses compared frequency and survival rates of @entity521 among @entity1 and adults with particular focus on the incidence, case characteristics, and long-term survival of the adult @entity1 . RESULTS: The observed 3- and 5-year survival rates were lowest among adult @entity1 (45.9% and 36.3%, respectively), whereas @entity1 fared best with 86.0% 3-year and 84.6% 5-year overall survival. There was a steady decline in the incidence of @entity521 from 0.47 cases per million per year in 1973-1977 to 0.12 cases per million per year in 1998-2002. When the long-term @entity521 survival was examined in detail for 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year follow-up periods, there was continuous decrease in survival during the first 7 years after the diagnosis with subsequent stabilization for both observed (OS) and relative survival (RS) rates. There was a notable trend towards improved outcome over the past three decades. CONCLUSIONS: Adults with @entity521 have significantly worse outcome than @entity1 . This may be due to @entity5 biology, more virulent clinical course, or possibly due to the fact that adults are less sensitive or have poor tolerance to pediatric chemotherapy regimens.

title: XXXX in adults: Incidence and survival analysis based on SEER data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'adult neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['Neuroblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Because the diagnosis of @entity410 ( @entity410 ) is mostly made by excluding @entity302 , availability of a positive criterion for @entity410 is of great importance. This study was aimed at the validation of a diagnostic technique that intends to provide in such a positive criterion. METHODS: In 17 @entity1 with @entity302 ( @entity302 ) and 20 @entity1 with @entity410 , a hypnotic procedure was performed by an investigator blind to other data to recover @entity2730 for the ictus. If recall was obtained, the experimental diagnosis PES was given; if not, ES was diagnosed. The experimental diagnoses were compared with the clinical, EEG-confirmed diagnoses. Hypnotizability was measured to determine the relation between the outcome of the test and hypnotizability of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Recall for the ictus was obtained in 17 @entity1 . Each of these had a clinical diagnosis of PES. Seventeen @entity1 with "no recall" had a clinical diagnosis of ES, and three @entity1 had @entity410 . This result yields a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 85% for the recall technique. Hypnotizability was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity410 than in @entity1 with @entity302 . In some "low hypnotizables," recall was obtained, and in some "high hypnotizables," no recall was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: A positive recall test indicates PES. A sub-group of @entity1 with @entity410 is characterized by a high level of hypnotizability. Hypnotizability is not crucial for outcome of the recall test. High hypnotic abilities are especially found in disorders in which it is supposed that "dissociation" is involved. It can be speculated that PES may be one of the dissociative phenomena.

title: Hypnotic recall: a positive criterion in the differential diagnosis between @entity302 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoepileptic seizures', 'PESs']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'ESs', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['pseudoepileptic seizures']


abstract: PURPOSE: Because the diagnosis of @entity410 ( @entity410 ) is mostly made by excluding @entity302 , availability of a positive criterion for @entity410 is of great importance. This study was aimed at the validation of a diagnostic technique that intends to provide in such a positive criterion. METHODS: In 17 @entity1 with @entity302 ( @entity302 ) and 20 @entity1 with @entity410 , a hypnotic procedure was performed by an investigator blind to other data to recover @entity2730 for the ictus. If recall was obtained, the experimental diagnosis PES was given; if not, ES was diagnosed. The experimental diagnoses were compared with the clinical, EEG-confirmed diagnoses. Hypnotizability was measured to determine the relation between the outcome of the test and hypnotizability of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Recall for the ictus was obtained in 17 @entity1 . Each of these had a clinical diagnosis of PES. Seventeen @entity1 with "no recall" had a clinical diagnosis of ES, and three @entity1 had @entity410 . This result yields a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 85% for the recall technique. Hypnotizability was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity410 than in @entity1 with @entity302 . In some "low hypnotizables," recall was obtained, and in some "high hypnotizables," no recall was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: A positive recall test indicates PES. A sub-group of @entity1 with @entity410 is characterized by a high level of hypnotizability. Hypnotizability is not crucial for outcome of the recall test. High hypnotic abilities are especially found in disorders in which it is supposed that "dissociation" is involved. It can be speculated that PES may be one of the dissociative phenomena.

title: Hypnotic recall: a positive criterion in the differential diagnosis between XXXX and @entity410 .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: A 24-year-old @entity1 was admitted for dyspnoea and @entity1163 . He had a previous history of complete @entity1757 . At the age of 6 months, in 1984, cardiac catheterization revealed a quasi-systemic @entity120 with a bidirectional shunt corresponding to an @entity6924 . Corrective cardiac surgery was not performed at this time because surgical risk was considered too high. Until the age of 20 years old, he showed few symptoms while under medical treatment. But since 2006, his functional status became worse with an increased dyspnoea, @entity1163 , and severe @entity848 . In these conditions, haemodynamic parameters have been re-evaluated in 2006 and 2008.They highlighted a late and progressive development of a valvular and @entity3888 leading to a normalisation of pulmonary arterial pressures. At the age of 24 , the @entity1 underwent corrective cardiac surgery which was successful. Late development of both infundibular and @entity849 have not been described before in non operated congenital @entity1757 , but development of one or the other abnormality would be found in 8% of @entity1 . The physiopathological mechanism of this obstruction is unclear. Nevertheless, in unoperated @entity299 , reversibility of severe @entity120 should be reconsidered and re-assessed during follow up.

title: XXXX development and @entity120 in atrioventricular septal defect: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects', 'atrio-ventricular septal defect and trisomy 21']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopes', 'syncope']

entities_list: @entity3888 :: ('MESH:D011662', 'Disease') :: ['infundibular pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['valvular pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac shunt lesions']

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ['Eisenmenger syndrome']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary stenosis']


abstract: A 24-year-old @entity1 was admitted for dyspnoea and @entity1163 . He had a previous history of complete @entity1757 . At the age of 6 months, in 1984, cardiac catheterization revealed a quasi-systemic @entity120 with a bidirectional shunt corresponding to an @entity6924 . Corrective cardiac surgery was not performed at this time because surgical risk was considered too high. Until the age of 20 years old, he showed few symptoms while under medical treatment. But since 2006, his functional status became worse with an increased dyspnoea, @entity1163 , and severe @entity848 . In these conditions, haemodynamic parameters have been re-evaluated in 2006 and 2008.They highlighted a late and progressive development of a valvular and @entity3888 leading to a normalisation of pulmonary arterial pressures. At the age of 24 , the @entity1 underwent corrective cardiac surgery which was successful. Late development of both infundibular and @entity849 have not been described before in non operated congenital @entity1757 , but development of one or the other abnormality would be found in 8% of @entity1 . The physiopathological mechanism of this obstruction is unclear. Nevertheless, in unoperated @entity299 , reversibility of severe @entity120 should be reconsidered and re-assessed during follow up.

title: @entity849 development and XXXX in atrioventricular septal defect: a case report.

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['reduction of pulmonary arterial hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined natural history, predictors of biochemical recurrence and all cause mortality in @entity1 with persistently elevated @entity1486 after radical prostatectomy in the Shared Equal Access @entity5 Hospital cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed data on 1,156 @entity1 treated with radical prostatectomy after 1997. @entity1486 persistence was defined as failure to achieve @entity1486 less than 0.03 ng/ml within 6 months postoperatively. Disease-free and overall survival was compared between @entity1 with and without persistence using the log rank test. Predictors of biochemical recurrence and all cause @entity204 were analyzed using the Cox model. RESULTS: A total of 291 @entity1 (25%) had persistence, which was associated with increased biochemical recurrence and all cause @entity204 (p <0.001 and 0.041, respectively). In @entity1 with persistence 1 and 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival was 68% and 36%, significantly lower than 95% and 72%, respectively, in @entity1 without persistence. Ten-year overall survival in @entity1 with vs without persistence was 63% vs 80%. In @entity1 with persistence independent predictors of @entity1486 recurrence were higher @entity1486 nadir (HR 2.19, p <0.001), positive surgical margins (HR 1.75, p = 0.022) and high pathological Gleason score (8-10 vs 2-6 HR 2.40, p = 0.026). Independent predictors of overall mortality were a higher @entity1486 nadir (HR 1.46, p = 0.013) and @entity3 (HR 3.15, p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1486 persistence is associated with increased biochemical recurrence and overall mortality. In @entity1 with persistence the @entity1486 nadir is an independent predictor of recurrence and mortality. Thus, @entity1486 persistence and nadir are important tools for early postoperative risk stratification.

title: Natural history of persistently elevated XXXX after radical prostatectomy: results from the SEARCH database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Regional Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['seminal vesicle invasion']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen', 'Prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate specific antigen']


abstract: @entity794 is a major, highly clonal, pathogen causing @entity281 . This study aimed at investigating the diverse distribution of bacterial adhesins in most prevalent @entity794 types causing @entity281 . 200 @entity794 isolates, categorized into ribogroups by automated ribotyping, i.e. rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, were screened for the presence of a panel of adhesins genes. Within the collection of isolates, automated ribotyping detected 98 distinct ribogroups. For many ribogroups, characteristic tandem genes arrangements could be identified. In the predominant @entity794 cluster, enlisting 27 isolates, the bbp gene encoding bone sialoprotein-binding protein appeared a typical virulence trait, found in 93% of the isolates. Conversely, the bbp gene was identified in just 10% of the remaining isolates of the collection. In this cluster, co-presence of bbp with the cna gene encoding collagen adhesin was a pattern consistently observed. These findings indicate a crucial role of both these adhesins, able to bind the most abundant bone proteins, in the pathogenesis of @entity281 , there where biomaterials interface bone tissues. This study suggests that specific adhesins may synergistically act in the onset of @entity281 and that anti-adhesin strategies should be targeted to adhesins conjointly present.

title: The presence of both bone sialoprotein-binding protein gene and collagen adhesin gene as a typical virulence trait of the major epidemic cluster in isolates from orthopedic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['implant infections', 'orthopaedic implant infections']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus strain', 'S. aureus']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['implant infections']


abstract: Slow protein dynamics can be studied by 15N spin-echo (CPMG) and off-resonance rotating frame relaxation through the effective field dependence of the exchange-mediated relaxation contribution. It is shown that, by a combination of these complementary techniques, a more extended sampling of the microsecond time scale processes is achieved than by either method alone. 15N R2 and improved off-resonance R1 rho experiments [Mulder et al. (1998) J. Magn. Reson., 131, 351-357] were applied to the @entity8620 receptor DNA-binding domain and allowed the identification of 14 residues exhibiting microsecond time scale dynamics. Assuming exchange between two conformational substates, average lifetimes ranging from 37 to 416 microseconds, and chemical shift differences of up to 3 ppm were obtained. The largest perturbation of tertiary structure was observed for the second @entity219 finger region, which was found to be disordered in the solution structure [Holmbeck et al. (1998) J. Mol. Biol., 281, 271-284]. Since this @entity219 -coordinating domain comprises the principal dimerization interface for @entity13351 in a wide repertoire of complexes with different hormone receptors to their cognate response elements, this finding has important implications for our understanding of nuclear receptor assembly on DNA direct repeats. The flexibility observed for the dimerization domain may explain how @entity13351 , through the ability to adaptively interact with a wide variety of highly homologous partner molecules, demonstrates such a versatile DNA-binding repertoire.

title: Microsecond time scale dynamics in the XXXX DNA-binding domain from a combination of spin-echo and off-resonance rotating frame relaxation measurements.

entities_list: @entity8620 :: ('MESH:C103303', 'Chemical') :: ['9-cis-retinoic acid']

answer: @entity13351 :: (6256,Gene) :: ['RXR']


abstract: The antenatal diagnosis of @entity1423 represents real progress in the early detection of @entity548 occurring in the fetus. However, the diagnosis is only possible in some cases during the first trimester of gestation, and not in the first weeks as is the case for other @entity74 such as abnormal haemoglobins. This delay can be reduced now that the @entity74 responsible for some @entity1423 have been discovered. If the region of chromosome 17 and the DNA sequence coding for the glycoproteins @entity1427 -IIIa were known, this would make possible the recognition of the gene defect responsible for @entity1422 . This could also permit the diagnosis of @entity1422 at the gene level, i.e. during the first weeks of gestation. However, the use of gene markers could be limited by the fact that a monomorphic clinical expression of @entity1422 could correspond to different genetic mutations which can all result in a defect in @entity1427 -IIIa synthesis and assembly. If such diagnosis could be made very early, it would only represent real progress if a specific treatment could be applied. New therapeutic approaches to immune @entity882 during pregnancy appear to be possible and can be applied when there is a risk to the fetus, they are still either experimental or anecdotal and there is a real need for a well-designed clinical trial. In all fetal @entity1423 , the risk of @entity5617 following fetal blood sampling must not be underestimated and very careful, intensive care is necessary after such an investigation. In the absence of a specific therapy, this antenatal diagnosis must be restricted to cases in which the risk of severe @entity548 complications are anticipated and where there is a well-documented family history. The @entity1 must be properly informed of all the aspects of the investigation, including the possible risks. As has been the case for other @entity74 , progress will be made, and we can anticipate that eventually in utero bone-marrow transplantation or gene correction be performed to cure the disease before birth.

title: Prenatal diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic diseases', 'haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet disorders']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disorders', 'molecular abnormalities', 'haematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1422 :: ('MESH:D013915', 'Disease') :: ["Glanzmann's thrombasthenia"]

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet disorders']


abstract: @entity64 most commonly results from occlusion of a major artery in the brain and typically leads to the death of all cells within the affected tissue. Mitochondria are centrally involved in the development of this tissue injury due to modifications of their major role in supplying @entity855 and to changes in their properties that can contribute to the development of apoptotic and @entity39 cell death. In animal models of @entity64 , the limited availability of @entity413 and @entity26 directly impairs oxidative metabolism in severely @entity63 regions of the affected tissue and leads to rapid changes in @entity855 and other energy-related metabolites. In the less-severely @entity63 "penumbral" tissue, more moderate alterations develop in these metabolites, associated with near normal @entity413 use but impaired oxidative metabolism. This tissue remains potentially salvageable for at least the first few hours following @entity64 onset. Early restoration of blood flow can result in substantial recovery of energy-related metabolites throughout the affected tissue. However, @entity413 oxidation is markedly decreased due both to lower energy requirements in the post- @entity63 tissue and limitations on the mitochondrial oxidation of @entity2388 . A secondary deterioration of mitochondrial function subsequently develops that may contribute to progression to cell loss. Mitochondrial release of multiple apoptogenic proteins has been identified in @entity63 and post- @entity63 brain, mostly in neurons. Pharmacological interventions and genetic modifications in rodent models strongly implicate caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis and the mitochondrial permeability transition as important contributors to tissue damage, particularly when induced by short periods of temporary focal @entity63 .

title: Mitochondria, oxidative metabolism and cell death in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The first author detected the nasal bird schistosome @entity21933 in Iceland in @entity4186 in Landmannalaugar in autumn of 2003. Since then, measurements and morphological studies have been performed on fresh worms (fragments) obtained in the area from naturally infected @entity4186 , A. platyrhynchos and Aythya marila. In the present study, we compare our findings to the original description of @entity21933 by Hor  k et al. (Parasite 5:349-357, 1998) that relies upon worms obtained by experimental infections of A. platyrhynchos f. domestica and @entity22157 f. domestica ducklings. Fragments obtained from naturally infected birds are markedly larger than those obtained in the experimental @entity281 . Also, indistinct sex-related size difference was confirmed; males were more abundant in the material than females. Previously unknown morphological features detected in the present study include, e.g. subterminal spines on the oral sucker directed to the oral opening, spine pattern on the apical part of acetabulum and long tegumental spines (up to 16  m) in the gonad and tail regions of both sexes. In males, we evaluated for the first time the morphology of the cirrus sac enclosing ejaculatory duct, prostata and the entire prostatic region, the course of vas @entity790 . In females, the posterior part of the reproductive system was studied for the first time. The presence of the Laurer's canal was confirmed and its course from the oviduct to the surface, where spermatozoa were noticed to leave the canal, was described.

title: Morphological features of the nasal blood fluke XXXX (Schistosomatidae, Digenea) from naturally infected hosts.

entities_list: @entity4186 :: ('8839', 'Species') :: ['Anas platyrhynchos', 'ducks']

entities_list: @entity22157 :: ('8855', 'Species') :: ['Cairina moschata']

entities_list: @entity21933 :: ('157069', 'Species') :: ['T. regenti', 'Trichobilharzia regenti']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['deferens and the position of genital papilla']

answer: @entity21933 :: (157069,Species) :: ['Trichobilharzia regenti']


abstract: Membership and @entity3794 of infracommunities and component communities of myxozoan fauna of the @entity72388 ( @entity72388 ) from freshwater localities in Ontario, Quebec, New York State, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Maryland were studied. Five species of parasites were found: Myxobolus diaphanus (Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1940) (connective tissue throughout the body and head), Myxobolus funduli (Kudo, 1918) (interlamellar), Myxobolus neurophilus (Guilford, 1963) (optic tectum of the brain), Myxobolus sp. (connective tissue, typically adjacent to vertebrae), and Sphaerospora sp. (kidney tubules). The most abundant species locally and regionally was M. diaphanus, occurring at prevalences of 14.2 to 93.3% at 6 of 9 localities. Myxobolus funduli and Myxobolus sp. were at 3 and 2 localities respectively, while M. neurophilus and Sphaerospora each occurred at single localities. Four of the 5 myxozoans appear to be specific to fundulids, the exception being M. neurophilus, which is typically a parasite of Perca flavescens. Mean infracommunity @entity3794 was 0-1.2. Component community @entity3794 was 0-3 species. The fauna is similar in composition to that described from the spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) in the Great Lakes in being dominated by histozoic myxobolids and in having maximum prevalence at any single locality correlate positively with geographical distribution. Moreover, mean infracommunity @entity3794 was correlated with percentage of hosts infected with any species at a locality, and maximum infracommunity @entity3794 was correlated with component community @entity3794 . Probably because fewer species of myxozoans of fundulids occur in the regional pool, myxozoan communities encountered in the present study are generally less rich than those described from N. hudsonius. It appears that dispersal of relatively resilient myxospores through such a mechanism as piscivory effectively distributes these parasites over the landscape, while the more delicate actinospores serve to ensure colonization by amplifying species' prevalence at a specific locality and thereby contributing to initial establishment. As such, these types of myxozoans, though they are autogenic, having their entire life cycle normally completed within the aquatic environment, behave more like allogenic parasites that rely on birds and mammals as definitive hosts.

title: The myxozoan fauna of XXXX (Cyprinodontidae) from freshwater localities in eastern North America: prevalence, community structure, and geographic distribution.

entities_list: @entity72388 :: ('54267', 'Species') :: ['banded killifish', 'Fundulus diaphanus']

answer: @entity72388 :: (54267,Species) :: ['Fundulus diaphanus']


abstract: @entity4447 has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 5000 years, but lost its appeal due to its @entity137 . It was rediscovered in western medicine and enjoyed a renaissance from 1830 to 1930, as the first effective chemotherapy against syphilis, @entity4801 and @entity1778 . These years were also a time of political turmoil in China. The Nanking treaty (29 August 1842) turned Hong Kong into a colony, while the Xinhai Revolution (10 October 1911) gave birth to a republic of China. @entity3494 returned to China and Hong Kong with the establishment of the first medical schools from 1887 to 1920. Until 1950, oral @entity4447 was the standard anti-leukaemic treatment in Queen Mary Hospital. The advent of alkylating chemotherapeutic agents replaced @entity4447 in Hong Kong and around the world. In the 1970s, however, the specific activity of @entity4447 against @entity2799 was re-discovered during the Cultural Revolution in Harbin, China. In 1997, Hong Kong was returned to China. In the same year, @entity4447 returned to the world stage. Intravenous @entity4447 became the worldwide standard therapy for relapsed @entity2799 . Oral administration of @entity4447 was revived in Hong Kong in 2000. This resulted in the first locally produced, registered, patented prescription drug in Hong Kong. Pending imminent manufacture, this product is poised to revolutionise @entity2799 care and may hold the key to saving the lives of @entity2799 @entity1 worldwide. The remarkable journey of @entity3494 in the setting of medical history of China and Hong Kong is reviewed.

title: A biography of XXXX and medicine in Hong Kong and China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide', 'Arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['acute promyelocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

entities_list: @entity3494 :: ('MESH:D001151', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic', 'Arsenic']

answer: @entity3494 :: (MESH:D001151,Chemical) :: ['arsenic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To quantify the surgical @entity281 rate and to identify risk factors associated with @entity281 . METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of all surgical @entity1 between January 1, 1993, and June 30, 1994. The frequency of @entity281 per 100 surgeries was calculated. The odds ratio (OR) was estimated by using logistic regression analysis. SETTING: A 130-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital for adult @entity1 with @entity5 . RESULTS: The study followed 3372 surgeries. Three hundred thirteen @entity1 had a @entity281 (rate per 100 surgeries: 9. 30). The risk factors associated with @entity281 were @entity6 (OR = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27-4. 91), @entity28 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.14-2.7), presence of surgical drains for >5 and <16 days (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.02-3.31), and presence of surgical drains for >/=16 days (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1. 0-4.6). The bacteria most frequently isolated were @entity526 38 (21.8% of the total of microorganisms found), Pseudomonas sp 22 (12.6%), @entity794 16 (9.2%), and coagulase-negative @entity794 25 (13.6%). The coexistence of other @entity580 was greater among the cases (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1-3.1) than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity281 rate in our hospital is slightly higher than the rates reported for general hospitals. The risk factors associated with @entity281 are similar to those previously reported. @entity6 , @entity28 , and prolonged presence of a surgical drain increased the risk of @entity281 .

title: Surgical site infections at the National XXXX Institute in Mexico: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Although it is known that both @entity1338 and @entity3062 cause delayed colonic transit in @entity19 , these models of drug-induced experimental @entity1142 have not yet been fully characterized. Therefore, the aims of this study were to validate the @entity1338 - and @entity3062 -induced delays of colonic transit in @entity19 as models of @entity508 , respectively, and to evaluate the effect of mustard oil, a @entity1108 agonist, in both models. Colonic transit was evaluated in @entity19 by determining the time needed to evacuate a bead inserted into the distal colon. Both @entity3062 and @entity1338 dose-dependently prolonged the evacuation time. @entity1338 (10 microg/kg) and @entity3062 (0.3 mg/kg) tripled the evacuation time compared to controls. These delays were antagonized by the administration of @entity3160 and @entity1510 , respectively. Tegaserod, a gastrointestinal motor-stimulating drug, reversed the delay in both models, but the effects were diminished at high doses. @entity3897 , an antispastic drug, improved the @entity3062 -induced delay, but did not affect the @entity1338 -induced delay. Mustard oil accelerated the colonic transit dose-dependently in both models of drug-induced @entity1142 . These results indicate that @entity1338 - and @entity3062 -induced delays in colonic transit are models of @entity508 , respectively, and that mustard oil may be effective on both types of @entity1142 .

title: Characterization of two models of drug-induced constipation in XXXX and evaluation of mustard oil in these models.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['atonic and spastic constipation']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipations', 'constipation']

entities_list: @entity3062 :: ('MESH:D008139', 'Chemical') :: ['loperamide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because the efficacy of mammography screening had been shown in randomized controlled trials, the focus has turned on its effectiveness within the daily practice. Using individual data of @entity1 invited to screening, we conducted a case-control study to assess the effectiveness of the Dutch population-based program of mammography screening. METHODS: Cases were @entity1 who died from @entity0 between 1995 and 2003 and were closely matched to five controls on year of birth, year of first invitation, and number of invitations before case's diagnosis. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between attending either of three screening examinations prior to diagnosis and the risk of @entity0 were calculated using conditional logistic regression and corrected for self-selection bias. RESULTS: We included 755 cases and 3,739 matched controls. Among the cases, 29.8% was screen-detected, 34.3% interval-detected, and 35.9% never-screened. About 29.5% of the never-screened cases had stage IV @entity5 compared with 5.3% of the screen-detected and 15.1% of the interval-detected cases. The OR (95% CIs), all ages (49-75 years), was 0.51 (0.40-0.66) and for the age groups 50-69, 50-75, and 70-75 years were 0.61 (0.47-0.79), 0.52 (CI 0.41-0.67), and 0.16 (0.09-0.29), respectively. CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence for a beneficial effect of early detection by mammography screening in reducing the risk of @entity0 among @entity1 invited to and who attended the screening. IMPACT: This is the first case-control study that accurately accounts for equal screening opportunity for both cases and matched controls by number of invitations before case's diagnosis.

title: Mammography screening and risk of XXXX : a population-based case-control study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer death', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer death']


abstract: Two @entity1 with vertebral arteriovenous @entity292 were treated at the Neurosurgical Clinic of the City Hospital of Hannover between 1981 and 1988. Both @entity1 were males, 19 and 29 year old. The @entity292 were secondary to cervical gunshot wounds. Both @entity1 complained of a loud cephalic noise; 1 @entity1 had a non pulsating neck mass. A systolic cervical bruit was heard in both cases. One @entity1 had an incomplete mid-cervical @entity10302 . The @entity292 involved the second portion of the vertebral artery: 1 @entity292 was fed, in addition to the vertebral artery, by the deep cervical artery. Venous drainage was through intraspinal plexus, @entity1150 . One @entity1 was treated with a direct surgical trapping of the vertebral artery proximal and distal to the @entity292 : the other @entity1 , in addition to direct surgical vertebral artery trapping, received an @entity432 . After treatment the @entity292 disappeared, both clinically and angiographically.

title: Vertebral arteriovenous XXXX . Report of two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10302 :: ('MESH:D018437', 'Disease') :: ['Brown-Sequard syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral vein, deep cervical veins and internal jugular vein']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulae', 'fistula']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular balloon occlusion of the deep cervical artery']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulae']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate ECG-gated whole chest CTA as a routine triage tool for @entity1 with acute @entity662 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Whole chest CTA with retrospective ECG-gating was performed in 30 @entity1 with acute atypical @entity662 . The ten main segments of the coronary arteries, the pulmonary arteries, the aorta, and the myocardium (function, morphology) were independently analyzed by a resident and two senior radiologists. The inter-observer agreement between resident and senior radiologists was calculated. A final diagnosis was determined by consensus. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were included. The coronary artery segments, myocardium and pulmonary arteries were considered analyzable in 84%, 90% and 97% of cases respectively. A final diagnosis for the cause of @entity158 was retained in 19 @entity1 : significant @entity3979 (5), @entity358 (5), aortic dissection (1), @entity296 (2), @entity358 (5), and @entity357 (1). Inter-observer agreement ranged from 0.76 to 1 between senior radiologists and from 0.76 to 1 between resident and senior radiologists. The average time of image interpretation ranged from 14 to 15 minutes. CONCLUSION: ECG-gated whole chest CT angiography appears as a promising tool for the evaluation of acute @entity662 . Combined evaluation of appearance and function of the myocardium can reveal additional interesting information.

title: [ECG-gated chest CT angiography: value for atypical XXXX evaluation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatus hernia']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus', 'lung parenchymal abnormalities']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: Postherpetic craniofacial @entity9 are notoriously difficult to deal with. Nevertheless, stereotactic spinal trigeminal nucleotomy seems to be a rational approach, as both experimental and clinical data strongly suggest the relevance of nucleus caudalis for certain facial @entity158 phenomena. From a series of 136 consecutive nucleotomies, 80 were performed for deafferentation @entity158 . The long-term results of 25 such cases, who underwent this procedure for @entity14000 , are reported. Their @entity158 was referred to the Vth, to the VII, IX and Xth, and to the @entity4049 dermatomes. Abolition of the @entity1931 , and disappearance of, or marked reduction in, the deep background @entity158 was achieved in 76% of the cases overall. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 13 years. There was no untoward side-effects. Technical and electrophysiological data germane to accurate target placement are discussed. Spinal trigeminal nucleotomy is then a specially suitable procedure for postherpetic craniofacial dysaesthesiae.

title: XXXX managed by stereotactic spinal trigeminal nucleotomy.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgias']

answer: @entity14000 :: (MESH:D051474,Disease) :: ['Craniofacial postherpetic neuralgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Compressive symptoms are common in @entity1374 , but few studies have focused on the presence, associated factors, and etiology of compressive symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent thyroidectomy from 2005 through 2009 were reviewed. The data included demographics, indication for surgery, compressive symptoms, complications, diagnosis, volume of thyroid gland, presence of @entity32 , and follow-up. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-three @entity1 were identified. The mean age was 51 years, and 82% were female. Fifty-two percent (n=172) of @entity1 experienced compressive symptoms preoperatively, including @entity1282 (n=131) and @entity1353 (n=83). Twenty-six percent (n=86) of @entity1 presented with voice changes, and 8% (n=27) complained of odynophagia. Postoperatively, 25 @entity1 (8%) continued to have compressive symptoms (P<.0001), and 10 @entity1 (3%) developed new compressive symptoms. Compressive symptoms were present in 72% (n=21) of @entity1 with @entity1669 , 71% (n=5) of @entity1 with @entity259 , and 60% (n=92) of @entity1 with @entity5651 . The average volume of the gland in @entity1 with compressive symptoms was 75.5 mL compared to 37.1 mL in asymptomatic @entity1 (P<.0001). There was not a significant relationship between compressive symptoms and the presence of @entity32 (P=.869). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1374 frequently present with compressive symptoms, and the majority of @entity1 experience relief postoperatively. The volume of the thyroid gland is associated with compressive symptoms along with additional contributing factors.

title: XXXX and compressive symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['Thyroid disease']


abstract: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein b @entity9322 ) and @entity6863   are known to participate in the regulation of many genes associated with @entity32 . However, little is known about the activation and function of @entity9322 and -   in @entity32 responses elicited by Fcy receptor (FcyR) activation. Here we show that @entity9322 and -   activation are induced in IgG immune complex (IC)-treated macrophages. The increased expression of @entity9322 and -   occurred at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, induction of @entity9322 and -   was mediated, to a large extent, by activating FcyRs. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown as well as macrophages deficient for @entity9322 and/or -  , we demonstrate that @entity9322 and -   play a critical role in the production of @entity310 , @entity10149 , and @entity10557 in IgG IC-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, both @entity1366 and p38 MAPK are involved in @entity6863 induction and @entity310 , @entity10149 , and @entity10557 production induced by IgG IC. We provide the evidence that @entity2242 regulates IgG IC-induced @entity32 responses by enhancing @entity1366 and p38 MAPK activities as well as @entity9322 and -   activities. Collectively, these data suggest that @entity9322 and -   are key regulators for FcyR-mediated induction of cytokines and chemokines in macrophages. Furthermore, C/EBPs may play an important regulatory role in IC-associated @entity32 responses.

title: XXXX -regulated CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins b and    are essential in Fcy receptor-mediated @entity32 cytokine and chemokine production in macrophages.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory']

answer: @entity2242 :: (728,Gene) :: ['C5a']


abstract: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein b @entity9322 ) and @entity6863   are known to participate in the regulation of many genes associated with @entity32 . However, little is known about the activation and function of @entity9322 and -   in @entity32 responses elicited by Fcy receptor (FcyR) activation. Here we show that @entity9322 and -   activation are induced in IgG immune complex (IC)-treated macrophages. The increased expression of @entity9322 and -   occurred at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, induction of @entity9322 and -   was mediated, to a large extent, by activating FcyRs. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown as well as macrophages deficient for @entity9322 and/or -  , we demonstrate that @entity9322 and -   play a critical role in the production of @entity310 , @entity10149 , and @entity10557 in IgG IC-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, both @entity1366 and p38 MAPK are involved in @entity6863 induction and @entity310 , @entity10149 , and @entity10557 production induced by IgG IC. We provide the evidence that @entity2242 regulates IgG IC-induced @entity32 responses by enhancing @entity1366 and p38 MAPK activities as well as @entity9322 and -   activities. Collectively, these data suggest that @entity9322 and -   are key regulators for FcyR-mediated induction of cytokines and chemokines in macrophages. Furthermore, C/EBPs may play an important regulatory role in IC-associated @entity32 responses.

title: @entity2242 -regulated CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins b and    are essential in Fcy receptor-mediated XXXX cytokine and chemokine production in macrophages.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory']


abstract: A case of @entity1224 caused by the @entity4 is reported. The @entity1 is a 5-year-old @entity1 scheduled for bilateral tonsillectomy for @entity387 . Anesthesia was slowly induced by @entity2614 and maintained with @entity3810 , @entity3575 and @entity2614 . Bilateral tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were performed uneventfully under general anesthesia. The operation time was 2 hours and 30 minutes. Following the surgical procedure, the endotracheal tube was removed. Shortly after the extubation, the @entity1 complained of difficult articulation and paradoxical respiration. @entity825 was intubated immediately. @entity26 saturation was within normal limits throughout all the procedures. @entity4 was aggravated and was not relieved by @entity134 infusion. Massive swelling of the face and neck was observed on the next day. CT scan and fiberoptic scope examination showed the @entity5773 obstructing the upper airway. Additional administration of @entity134 was continued. On the third postoperative day, @entity4 was relieved and the endotracheal tube was removed. Clinical course after the extubation was uneventful. No laboratory data was obtained suggesting the @entity56 basis. Extubation should be performed carefully and @entity1576 should be observed cautiously following the oral surgery of even a short duration.

title: [ XXXX caused by massive swelling of the tongue following bilateral tonsillectomy for @entity387 ].

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['swollen tongue']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['tongue swelling', 'Swelling of the tongue', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory condition']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['Airway obstruction']


abstract: A case of @entity1224 caused by the @entity4 is reported. The @entity1 is a 5-year-old @entity1 scheduled for bilateral tonsillectomy for @entity387 . Anesthesia was slowly induced by @entity2614 and maintained with @entity3810 , @entity3575 and @entity2614 . Bilateral tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were performed uneventfully under general anesthesia. The operation time was 2 hours and 30 minutes. Following the surgical procedure, the endotracheal tube was removed. Shortly after the extubation, the @entity1 complained of difficult articulation and paradoxical respiration. @entity825 was intubated immediately. @entity26 saturation was within normal limits throughout all the procedures. @entity4 was aggravated and was not relieved by @entity134 infusion. Massive swelling of the face and neck was observed on the next day. CT scan and fiberoptic scope examination showed the @entity5773 obstructing the upper airway. Additional administration of @entity134 was continued. On the third postoperative day, @entity4 was relieved and the endotracheal tube was removed. Clinical course after the extubation was uneventful. No laboratory data was obtained suggesting the @entity56 basis. Extubation should be performed carefully and @entity1576 should be observed cautiously following the oral surgery of even a short duration.

title: [ @entity1224 caused by massive swelling of the tongue following bilateral tonsillectomy for XXXX ].

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: For @entity0 , guidelines direct the delivery of adjuvant systemic therapy on the basis of lymph node status, histology, @entity5 size, grade, and hormonal receptor status. We explored how race/ethnicity, insurance, census tract-level poverty and education, and hospital Commission on @entity5 (CoC) status were associated with the receipt of guideline-concordant adjuvant systemic therapy. METHODS: Locoregional breast cancers diagnosed in 2004 (n = 6,734) were from the National Program of @entity5 Registries-funded seven-state Patterns of Care study of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Predictors of guideline-concordant (receiving/not receiving) adjuvant systemic therapy, according to National @entity5 Network Guidelines, were explored by logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 35% of @entity1 received nonguideline chemotherapy, 12% received nonguideline regimens, and 20% received nonguideline hormonal therapy. Significant predictors of nonguideline chemotherapy included Medicaid insurance (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.86), high-poverty areas (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.96), and treatment at non-CoC hospitals (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.85), with adjustment for age, registry, and clinical variables. Predictors of nonguideline regimens among chemotherapy recipients included lack of insurance (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.92), high-poverty areas (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.97), and low-education areas (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.89) after adjustment. Living in high-poverty areas (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.96) and treatment at non-CoC hospitals (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.83) predicted nonguideline hormonal therapy after adjustment. ORs for poverty, education, and insurance were attenuated in the full models. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic and hospital factors are associated with guideline-concordant use of systemic therapy for @entity0 . The identification of modifiable factors that lead to nonguideline treatment may reduce disparities in @entity0 survival.

title: Influence of race, insurance, socioeconomic status, and hospital type on receipt of guideline-concordant adjuvant systemic therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['locoregional breast cancers']


abstract: In today's climate, changed lifestyles and the increased use of antibiotics are significant factors that affect the preservation of a healthy intestinal microflora. The concept of probiotics is to restore and maintain a microflora advantageous to the @entity1 body. Probiotics are found in a number of fermented dairy products, @entity1 formula, and dietary supplements. Basic research on probiotics has suggested several modes of action beneficial for the @entity1 body and clinical research has proven its preventive and curative features in different @entity1944 . @entity102 cause considerable disablement in @entity1 and represent a substantial economic burden on healthcare resources. Research has demonstrated a crucial role of nutrition in the prevention of @entity102 . Thus, positive, strain-specific effects of probiotics have been shown in @entity5163 , @entity29 , @entity1744 , and @entity1534 -induced @entity3621 , and in @entity66 and in the prevention of @entity5 . As the majority of probiotics naturally inhabit the @entity1 intestinal microflora, their use has been regarded as very safe. However, in view of the range of potential benefits on health that might be achieved by the use of some probiotic bacteria, major and thorough evaluation is still necessary. In conclusion, probiotics act as an adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of @entity102 .

title: Probiotics and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal and extraintestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic diseases', 'chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A serious side effect of atypical antipsychotics is increased body weight, which leads to further morbidity and nonadherence to medication. It has been suggested that both genetic and nongenetic variables may influence antipsychotics-related @entity1017 . This study aimed to simultaneously explore the effects of multiple candidate genes and environment factors on body weight of @entity161 @entity1 who received @entity1090 , a commonly used atypical antipsychotic agent. METHODS: One hundred twenty-three ethnically Han Chinese inpatients with acutely exacerbated @entity161 were given @entity1090 monotherapy for up to 42 days. Body weight and clinical manifestations were assessed biweekly. Drug efficacy was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and safety was evaluated by the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) and the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale. We collected body weight as the response value. Potential prognostic factors were baseline body weight, age, sex, diagnosis subtypes, @entity1090 dosage, PANSS total scores, treatment duration (weeks 0-6), and 15 genetic variants [across 10 candidate genes: @entity1873 , @entity7601 , @entity9330 , 5-HT6, D1, D2, D3, and alpha1-adrenergic receptors, @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ), and @entity5320 ( @entity5320 )]. Because there were repeated assessments, multiple linear regression with the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method was used to adjust the within-subject @entity734 . RESULTS: Of 15 genetic polymorphisms examined, @entity7601 102-T/C, @entity9330 -759-C/T, 5-HT6 267-C/T, @entity2252 66-Val/Met, and @entity5320 188-C/T significantly influenced body weight, and so did baseline body weight, age, gender, @entity161 subtype, and treatment duration and efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that numerous genetic and nongenetic factors affect antipsychotics-related @entity1017 .

title: @entity1090 -related XXXX : genetic and nongenetic predictors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A serious side effect of atypical antipsychotics is increased body weight, which leads to further morbidity and nonadherence to medication. It has been suggested that both genetic and nongenetic variables may influence antipsychotics-related @entity1017 . This study aimed to simultaneously explore the effects of multiple candidate genes and environment factors on body weight of @entity161 @entity1 who received @entity1090 , a commonly used atypical antipsychotic agent. METHODS: One hundred twenty-three ethnically Han Chinese inpatients with acutely exacerbated @entity161 were given @entity1090 monotherapy for up to 42 days. Body weight and clinical manifestations were assessed biweekly. Drug efficacy was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and safety was evaluated by the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) and the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale. We collected body weight as the response value. Potential prognostic factors were baseline body weight, age, sex, diagnosis subtypes, @entity1090 dosage, PANSS total scores, treatment duration (weeks 0-6), and 15 genetic variants [across 10 candidate genes: @entity1873 , @entity7601 , @entity9330 , 5-HT6, D1, D2, D3, and alpha1-adrenergic receptors, @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ), and @entity5320 ( @entity5320 )]. Because there were repeated assessments, multiple linear regression with the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method was used to adjust the within-subject @entity734 . RESULTS: Of 15 genetic polymorphisms examined, @entity7601 102-T/C, @entity9330 -759-C/T, 5-HT6 267-C/T, @entity2252 66-Val/Met, and @entity5320 188-C/T significantly influenced body weight, and so did baseline body weight, age, gender, @entity161 subtype, and treatment duration and efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that numerous genetic and nongenetic factors affect antipsychotics-related @entity1017 .

title: XXXX -related @entity1017 : genetic and nongenetic predictors.

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['Risperidone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The site of cannulation for repair of ascending @entity1580 remains controversial. We present our experience with ascending aortic cannulation for @entity697 . METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 1988 to September 2007, we operated on 242 @entity1 for @entity697 . Medical records of 235 @entity1 who received ascending aortic cannulation or femoral cannulation were retrospectively reviewed. Long-term follow-up was complete in 97% of @entity1 . Cannulation was accomplished in 82 @entity1 through the ascending aorta and in 153 @entity1 through the femoral artery. Preoperative @entity1 characteristics were almost comparable between groups. Similarly, there were no differences in preoperative @entity1 characteristics and intraoperative parameters including operation time, bypass time, cross-clamp time, hypothermic circulatory arrest time, and percentage of total arch replacement. The 30-day mortality rate was 14% in the aortic group and 23% in the femoral group (P=0.07), and incidence of @entity64 was 4.9% in the aortic group and 4.5% in the femoral group (P=0.86). During follow-up (mean, 5.5 years), survival at 5 years and 10 years was 65% and 41% in the aortic group and 64% and 46% in the femoral group, respectively (P=0.97). CONCLUSIONS: The cannulation site should be chosen according to the @entity1 's pathology and status, and the present study suggests that ascending cannulation in @entity1 with @entity697 can be a safe alternative, offering acceptable early and long-term outcomes.

title: Comparison of ascending aorta versus femoral artery cannulation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection type A']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute aortic dissection type A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of acute type A intramural @entity1410 (IMH) remains controversial, varying from immediate surgery to medical management only. Conversion to typical dissection remains a concern. We analyzed our experience managing acute type A IMH. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between October 1999 and May 2008, 251 @entity1 with @entity697 were treated, including 36 (14.3%) with type A IMH. Seven IMH @entity1 (19%) were repaired immediately, 28 (80%) managed initially with optimal medical management and eventual repair and 1 (3%) with medical management only. End points analyzed were early mortality and conversion to typical dissection (flow in the false lumen of the ascending aorta). Time (hours) from onset of symptoms defined initiation of IMH. Early mortality for acute type A IMH was 8.3% (3/36): 14.3% (1/7) with immediate repair and 7.1% (2/28) when optimal medical management with eventual repair was undertaken (P=0.69). The 1 medically managed Asian @entity1 survived with resolution of the IMH. Conversion to type A IMH to typical dissection occurred in 33% (12/36) of cases. No conversions were observed within 72 hours. Aortic diameter did not predict conversion. In actuarial analysis among the initially medically managed group with eventual repair, the hazard conversion to typical dissection increased significantly at 8 days from the onset of symptoms (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Despite optimal medical management, conversion of type A IMH to typical dissection still remains a concern, with the most significant risk beyond 8 days. In our @entity1 population, timely surgical repair is recommended.

title: Acute type A intramural XXXX : analysis of current management strategy.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute type A aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: High- @entity165 alimentation is associated with an induction of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor expression within the vascular wall of the aorta. Despite an enhanced pressure response to angiotensin II in @entity731 conscious @entity95 , angiotensin II-induced contraction was reduced in isolated @entity455 from the aorta and unchanged in those from the iliac artery. We, therefore, investigated whether @entity165 -induced @entity731 enhances overall vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II in intact animals and whether an altered arterial baroreflex sensitivity can explain the discrepancy between experiments in intact animals and isolated blood vessels. @entity95 were maintained on a high- @entity165 diet (2 g/d @entity165 plus 20 mL/d sunflower seed oil, n=11) or on a standard diet (n=12) for 12 weeks. Total serum lipids markedly increased (P<0.05). Tissue examinations 6 weeks after termination of the high- @entity165 diet revealed distinct @entity731 and elevated @entity165 content in the aorta (P<0.05). A high- @entity165 diet did not change baseline hemodynamic parameters. However, angiotensin II-induced increases in total peripheral resistance were larger in the @entity731 animals (86.3+/-13.0 versus 41.9+/-9.7 mm Hg. L(-1). min, P<0.05). In addition, the blood pressure pulse interval relationship was markedly reduced (slope: 0.80+/-0.14 versus 0. 49+/-0.06 ms/mm Hg, P<0.05), which suggested that the baroreflex blunted the angiotensin II response to a lesser extent in @entity731 animals. In conclusion, the overall vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II is increased in the @entity731 @entity95 as indicated by the larger increase in total peripheral resistance. An @entity536 may contribute to this effect.

title: Vascular response to angiotensin II in XXXX : role of the baroreflex.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular rings']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuation of the arterial baroreflex sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: Until recently, the central nervous system (CNS) has been thought to be an immune privileged organ. However, it is now understood that neuroinflammation is linked with the development of several @entity6220 including late-onset @entity195 (LOAD). The development of @entity32 is a complex process involving a wide array of molecular interactions which in the CNS remains to be further characterized. The development of neuroinflammation may represent an important link between the early stages of LOAD and its pathological outcome. It is proposed that risks for LOAD, which include genetic, biological and environmental factors can each contribute to impairment of normal CNS regulation and function. The links between risk factors and the development of neuroinflammation are numerous and involve many complex interactions which contribute to vascular compromise, oxidative stress and ultimately neuroinflammation. Once this cascade of events is initiated, the process of neuroinflammation can become overactivated resulting in further cellular damage and @entity528 . Additionally, neuroinflammation has been associated with the formation of @entity527 and @entity3072 , the pathological hallmarks of LOAD. Increased levels of inflammatory markers have been correlated with an advanced @entity73 . Based on this knowledge, new therapies aimed at limiting onset of neuroinflammation could arrest or even reverse the development of the disease.

title: @entity32 and anti-inflammatory strategies for XXXX --a mini-review.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS diseases']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid plaques']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['loss of neuronal function']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Until recently, the central nervous system (CNS) has been thought to be an immune privileged organ. However, it is now understood that neuroinflammation is linked with the development of several @entity6220 including late-onset @entity195 (LOAD). The development of @entity32 is a complex process involving a wide array of molecular interactions which in the CNS remains to be further characterized. The development of neuroinflammation may represent an important link between the early stages of LOAD and its pathological outcome. It is proposed that risks for LOAD, which include genetic, biological and environmental factors can each contribute to impairment of normal CNS regulation and function. The links between risk factors and the development of neuroinflammation are numerous and involve many complex interactions which contribute to vascular compromise, oxidative stress and ultimately neuroinflammation. Once this cascade of events is initiated, the process of neuroinflammation can become overactivated resulting in further cellular damage and @entity528 . Additionally, neuroinflammation has been associated with the formation of @entity527 and @entity3072 , the pathological hallmarks of LOAD. Increased levels of inflammatory markers have been correlated with an advanced @entity73 . Based on this knowledge, new therapies aimed at limiting onset of neuroinflammation could arrest or even reverse the development of the disease.

title: XXXX and anti-inflammatory strategies for @entity195 --a mini-review.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: We evaluated medical in comparison to surgical plus medical (surgical) treatment of @entity1459 using a prospective randomized protocol that stratified @entity1 by clinical presentation and by invasive evaluation of left ventricular (LV) function. Clinical presentations were as follows--type 1: progressive or new onset @entity951 relieved by medication; type 2: prolonged bouts of @entity951 poorly or incompletely relieved by medication. Abnormal LV function was arbitrarily defined as ejection fraction less than 0.50 or LV end-diastolic pressure 16 mm Hg or more. Of 468 @entity1 , 237 were assigned to medical and 231 to surgical therapy. There were 374 type 1 and 94 type 2 @entity1 . LV function was normal in 334 and abnormal in 134 @entity1 . Compared with results at 24 months, this 60-month follow-up study showed important differences in survival for @entity1 with @entity66 : 75% for medical and 89% for surgical @entity1 (p less than 0.02). The cumulative 5-year rate of repeat hospitalizations for cardiac reasons was less with surgical @entity1 for either clinical presentation. For type 1, medical @entity1 had a 56% rate, and surgical @entity1 had a 42% rate (p = 0.004). For type 2, medical @entity1 had a 62% rate, and surgical @entity1 had a 43% rate (p = 0.05). Overall mortality did not differ between the two treatments, and this remained true in type 1 versus type 2 @entity1 and in those with normal versus abnormal LV function. However, regression analysis of medical and surgical groups with ejection fraction as a continuous variable showed that mortality of medical @entity1 depended on ejection fraction (p = 0.004), whereas the mortality of surgical @entity1 did not (p = 0.76), and survival in the surgical group was higher in the lowest ejection fraction tercile-73% for medical and 86% for surgical @entity1 , p = 0.03. We conclude that surgery improves survival in @entity1 with @entity66 and leads to fewer subsequent hospitalizations for cardiac reasons. An impaired ejection fraction had an adverse impact on survival of medical @entity1 but not on surgical @entity1 , and mortality in surgical @entity1 was improved compared with medical @entity1 in the lowest ejection fraction tercile.

title: Medical compared with surgical management of XXXX . 5-year mortality and morbidity in the Veterans Administration Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['three-vessel disease']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between global cerebral blood flow and different cerebral perfusion pressure ranges in severe @entity542 . DESIGN: A retrospective study SETTING: Neurosurgical and @entity130 @entity1 in an intensive care unit in a regional hospital. @entity1 AND @entity1 : Out of a series of 237 consecutive @entity1 with severe @entity542 (GCS<or=8), 162 were submitted to ICP monitoring and 89 of them underwent 180 xenon-CT studies and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) measurement. The xenon-CT studies did not include any unsalvageable @entity1 nor any mistakenly diagnosed as severe on entry. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Most (95.6%) of xenon-CT studies were obtained with CPP values within the 50-90 mmHg range. Perfusion data were grouped according to CPP values: (1) below 50 mmHg, (2) 50-60 mmHg, (3) 60-70 mmHg, (4) above 70 mmHg. Global cerebral blood flow did not differ among the groups (p=0.49). No differences in physiological variables were found among the CPP groups, except for intracranial pressure, higher in the group with CPP below 50 mmHg, and mean arterial pressure, higher in the CPP above 70 mmHg group (p<0.0001). No differences were found for cerebral metabolic rate of @entity26 and @entity880 . CONCLUSIONS: There was little correlation between CPP values and global cerebral blood flow levels in our selected @entity1 , probably because pressure autoregulation was preserved. Global metabolism measurements were constant within the groups, suggesting that in @entity1 with controlled physiological variables an interplay between cerebral blood flow and metabolism might be more relevant than the relationship between CPP and cerebral blood flow.

title: Global cerebral blood flow and CPP after severe XXXX : a xenon-CT study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4648 with cytologic atypia ( @entity4648 ) is occasionally encountered and its biologic potential is uncertain. METHODS: The authors describe 18 cases of @entity4648 characterized by the presence of prominent cytologic atypia, including nuclear enlargement, nuclear hyperchromasia, and enlarged nucleoli. DNA ploidy analysis by digital image analysis and immunostaining for high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (34betaE12), @entity5822 , @entity2225 , @entity787 ( @entity787 ), @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ), @entity876 , and @entity1758 were performed in 9 cases. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 62 years (median, 65 years; range, 39-84 years). The male-to-female ratio was 2.6:1. Two @entity1 had a history of noninvasive @entity1377 . The typical clinical presentation was @entity811 (8 @entity1 ) and voiding symptoms (5 @entity1 ). Cystoscopic findings were suspicious for @entity5 in 7 of 13 cases. The neoplastic cells were positive for high-molecular-weight cytokeratin, @entity5822 , and @entity2543 , and were usually negative for @entity2225 and @entity787 . @entity876 nuclear accumulation and increased @entity1758 labeling index were seen in 4 cases. DNA ploidy analysis showed aneuploid pattern in 2 of 9 cases. The mean @entity1 follow-up was 3.5 years (range, 0.5-10.6 years); 2 @entity1 had recurrent @entity4648 , and the remainder were alive without recurrence or @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4648 is benign; it occasionally displays @entity854 of no apparent clinical significance. Awareness of the spectrum of cytologic changes within this entity is critical to prevent overdiagnosis of @entity5 and avoid unnecessary treatment. There is no direct evidence that links @entity4648 to @entity5 .

title: XXXX of the urinary tract: a precursor lesion?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['substantial cytologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical nephrogenic metaplasia', 'atypical nephrogenic metaplasia', 'nephrogenic metaplasia', 'Nephrogenic metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['EMA', 'epithelial membrane antigen']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity4648 :: (MESH:D008679,Disease) :: ['Atypical nephrogenic metaplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with recurrent @entity9128 were evaluated to assess local control, overall survival, and complications from stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). METHODS: Twelve @entity1 (with a total of 17 @entity5 ) with recurrent @entity424 underwent SRS. Local failure was defined as @entity5 progression within the prescription isodose volume, and marginal failure was defined as @entity5 progression adjacent to the SRS prescription isodose volume. @entity5 progression away from the prescription volume was considered distant failure. Eleven of the 12 @entity1 had undergone previous resection and external beam radiation therapy (46-56 Grays [Gy]; median, 54 Gy) before radiosurgery, and 1 @entity1 had failure after complete resection alone. Age at SRS ranged from 5-56 years (median, 29 years). Three @entity1 were female. The marginal @entity5 dose was 12-24 Gy (median, 18 Gy). One to 14 isocenters (median, 4 isocenters) were utilized to irradiate volumes of 0.3-15.5 cm(3) (median, 3.2 cm(3)). RESULTS: The duration of follow-up ranged from 2.5-60 months (median, 22.5 months). The median overall survival after SRS was 3.4 years (range, 1.4-5 years). In-field local control was achieved in 14 of the 17 @entity5 sites and estimated 3-year local control was 68%. There were two in-field failures and one marginal failure. Distant failure occurred in two @entity1 . Two @entity1 developed treatment-related complications after SRS. CONCLUSIONS: SRS provides good @entity5 control for @entity1 with recurrent @entity9128 and may have a favorable impact on survival. SRS should be evaluated more extensively in the initial treatment of @entity1 with @entity424 to minimize local failure after surgical management.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9128 :: ('MESH:C531673', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial ependymomas', 'intracranial ependymoma']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['ependymoma']


abstract: The effects of @entity1 recombinant @entity650 ( @entity568 ) on in vitro @entity1 megakaryocytopoiesis were studied utilizing a serum-depleted culture system. Recombinant @entity650 increased both the number of megakaryocyte (MK) colonies formed and the number of cells comprising individual MK colonies cloned from normal low-density bone marrow (LDBM) cells. This stimulation of MK colony number and size was significantly less than that observed following the addition of recombinant interleukin 3 ( @entity7422 ) or @entity2841 ( @entity7421 ). The addition of either @entity7422 or @entity7421 , but not @entity568 promoted MK colony formation by nonadherent, low-density, T-cell-depleted (NALDT-) marrow cells. Recombinant interleukin 1 alpha ( @entity8885 ) and @entity3646 ( @entity12718 ) failed either to promote LDBM MK colony formation when added alone or to significantly increase @entity568 -promoted MK colony formation. MK colony formation promoted by optimal doses of @entity568 was, in fact, significantly inhibited by @entity8885 at all concentrations tested. Addition of either recombinant @entity1307 ( @entity5301 ) or purified thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF) to assays containing @entity568 also resulted in significant inhibition of MK colony formation. The effect of suboptimal concentrations of @entity568 on MK colony formation was additive to that of @entity7422 but not @entity7421 . The addition of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) resulted in a 58% reduction of @entity568 -promoted MK colony formation by LDBM. These data suggest that @entity568 can promote in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis and that this effect can be either augmented or inhibited by the addition of several other cytokines. Recombinant @entity650 , however, might affect the MK colony-forming unit (CFU-MK) by acting through bone marrow accessory cells or requiring the presence of as yet unidentified additional cytokines.

title: Effect of XXXX on in vitro @entity1 megakaryocytopoiesis: its interaction with other cytokines.

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta', 'TGF-beta']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin 6']


abstract: The effects of @entity1 recombinant @entity650 ( @entity568 ) on in vitro @entity1 megakaryocytopoiesis were studied utilizing a serum-depleted culture system. Recombinant @entity650 increased both the number of megakaryocyte (MK) colonies formed and the number of cells comprising individual MK colonies cloned from normal low-density bone marrow (LDBM) cells. This stimulation of MK colony number and size was significantly less than that observed following the addition of recombinant interleukin 3 ( @entity7422 ) or @entity2841 ( @entity7421 ). The addition of either @entity7422 or @entity7421 , but not @entity568 promoted MK colony formation by nonadherent, low-density, T-cell-depleted (NALDT-) marrow cells. Recombinant interleukin 1 alpha ( @entity8885 ) and @entity3646 ( @entity12718 ) failed either to promote LDBM MK colony formation when added alone or to significantly increase @entity568 -promoted MK colony formation. MK colony formation promoted by optimal doses of @entity568 was, in fact, significantly inhibited by @entity8885 at all concentrations tested. Addition of either recombinant @entity1307 ( @entity5301 ) or purified thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF) to assays containing @entity568 also resulted in significant inhibition of MK colony formation. The effect of suboptimal concentrations of @entity568 on MK colony formation was additive to that of @entity7422 but not @entity7421 . The addition of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) resulted in a 58% reduction of @entity568 -promoted MK colony formation by LDBM. These data suggest that @entity568 can promote in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis and that this effect can be either augmented or inhibited by the addition of several other cytokines. Recombinant @entity650 , however, might affect the MK colony-forming unit (CFU-MK) by acting through bone marrow accessory cells or requiring the presence of as yet unidentified additional cytokines.

title: Effect of @entity650 on in vitro XXXX megakaryocytopoiesis: its interaction with other cytokines.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting apocrine gland-bearing areas of the skin. There is currently no satisfactory treatment. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of a 10-week course of combination @entity3402 300 mg twice daily and @entity1215 300 mg twice daily in the treatment of @entity1751 . METHODS: @entity1 who had received combination therapy with @entity3402 and @entity1215 for @entity1751 at one U.K. Dermatology Centre between the years 1998 and 2003 were identified from pharmacy records. Their records were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 with @entity1751 had received treatment with combination therapy. Eight of these @entity1 achieved remission and a further two achieved remission when @entity1214 was substituted for @entity3402 . Four @entity1 were unable to tolerate therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This small retrospective study indicates that combination therapy with @entity3402 and @entity1215 may be effective for @entity1751 . However, there is a need for a placebo-controlled trial.

title: XXXX and @entity1215 combination therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'Hidradenitis suppurativa']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity3402 :: (MESH:D002981,Chemical) :: ['Clindamycin']