abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiation resistance presents a challenge to the effective treatment of @entity5 . If therapeutic compounds were capable of resensitizing resistant @entity5 then a concurrent chemo-radiation treatment could be used to overcome radiation resistance. METHODS: We have developed a phenotypic assay to investigate the response of radiation resistant @entity0 cells grown in 3D-microtissue spheroids to combinations of radiation and established chemotherapeutic drugs. The effects were quantified by real time high content imaging of GFP detection area over 14  days. Ten established chemotherapeutic drugs were tested for their ability to enhance the effects of radiation. RESULTS: Of ten analysed chemotherapeutics, @entity5713 was the most effective compound, with @entity1205 and @entity23974 being less effective in combination with radiation. To investigate the response in a model closer to the in vivo situation we investigated the response of heterotypic 3D microtissues containing both fibroblasts and @entity0 cells. Drug treatment of these heterotypic 3D cultures confirmed treatment with radiation plus @entity5713 to be additive in causing @entity0 growth inhibition. We have validated the screen by comparing radiation sensitizing effects of known chemotherapeutic agents. In both monotypic and heterotypic models the concurrent treatment of @entity5713 and radiation proved more effective inhibitors of mammary @entity5 cell growth. The effective concentration range of both @entity5713 and radiation are within the range used in treatment, suggesting the 3D model will offer a highly relevant screen for novel compounds. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time comfortable 3D cell-based phenotypic assay is available, that allows high throughput screening of compounds with radiation therapy modulating capacity, opening the field to drug discovery.

title: A 3D-microtissue-based phenotypic screening of radiation resistant XXXX cells with synchronized chemotherapeutic treatment.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity23974 :: ('CHEBI:28748', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( @entity7 ) and its receptor ( @entity6758 ) in @entity0 and the relationship of such expression with angiogenesis, @entity5 invasion and @entity3 . METHODS: In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry technique were used to test the expression of mRNA and protein expression of @entity7 and @entity6758 in 48 specimens of @entity0 . 48 specimens of tissues near @entity5 , 3 specimens of @entity0 , and 3 specimens of normal breast were used as controls. RESULTS: @entity7 mRNA and its protein were expressed highly in @entity0 cells with the positive rate of 75% and 70.8% respectively. There was almost no expression of @entity7 in vascular endothelial cells. @entity6758 mRNA and its protein were expressed only in a small quantity in a few @entity5 cells. The amount of blood vessel positive in @entity8034 mRNA and its protein was (26 +/- 12) piece/0.72 mm(2) and (24 +/- 12) piece/0.72 mm(2) respectively. The microvascular density (MVD) was significantly greater in @entity7 and @entity6758 higher expression groups than in lower groups (P < 0.01). Both @entity7 expression and @entity6758 expression were well correlated with the histological grade and lymph node @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity7 promotes angiogenesis by paracrining in @entity0 , and takes part in @entity5 invasion and lymph node @entity3 . Test of the expression of @entity7 and @entity6758 may act as a reliable index to determine angiogenesis, @entity5 , invasion and @entity3 . Blocking their secretion and effect may act as a new treatment for @entity0 .

title: [Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor ( XXXX ) in @entity0 ].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'fibroadenoma of breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity6758 :: (2321,Gene) :: ['Flt-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor ( @entity7 ) and its receptor ( @entity6758 ) in @entity0 and the relationship of such expression with angiogenesis, @entity5 invasion and @entity3 . METHODS: In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry technique were used to test the expression of mRNA and protein expression of @entity7 and @entity6758 in 48 specimens of @entity0 . 48 specimens of tissues near @entity5 , 3 specimens of @entity0 , and 3 specimens of normal breast were used as controls. RESULTS: @entity7 mRNA and its protein were expressed highly in @entity0 cells with the positive rate of 75% and 70.8% respectively. There was almost no expression of @entity7 in vascular endothelial cells. @entity6758 mRNA and its protein were expressed only in a small quantity in a few @entity5 cells. The amount of blood vessel positive in @entity8034 mRNA and its protein was (26 +/- 12) piece/0.72 mm(2) and (24 +/- 12) piece/0.72 mm(2) respectively. The microvascular density (MVD) was significantly greater in @entity7 and @entity6758 higher expression groups than in lower groups (P < 0.01). Both @entity7 expression and @entity6758 expression were well correlated with the histological grade and lymph node @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity7 promotes angiogenesis by paracrining in @entity0 , and takes part in @entity5 invasion and lymph node @entity3 . Test of the expression of @entity7 and @entity6758 may act as a reliable index to determine angiogenesis, @entity5 , invasion and @entity3 . Blocking their secretion and effect may act as a new treatment for @entity0 .

title: [Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor ( @entity6758 ) in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in screening @entity1 for @entity1575 , @entity82 , and @entity157 after the Fontan operation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Hepatic MRE was performed in conjunction with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 who had undergone a Fontan operation between 2010 and 2014. @entity409 was calculated using previously reported techniques. Comparisons to available clinical, laboratory, imaging, and histopathologic data were made. RESULTS: Overall, 50 @entity1 at a median age of 25 years (range, 21-33 years) who had undergone a Fontan operation were evaluated. The median interval between Fontan operation and MRE was 22 years (range, 16-26 years). The mean liver stiffness values were increased: 5.5  1.4 kPa relative to normal @entity1 . @entity409 directly correlated with liver biopsy-derived total @entity82 score, time since operation, mean Fontan pressure, y-glutamyltransferase level, Model for End-Stage @entity409 score, @entity1011 level, and pulmonary vascular resistance index. @entity409 was inversely correlated with cardiac index. All 3 @entity1 with hepatic nodules exhibiting decreased contrast uptake on delayed postcontrast imaging and increased nodule stiffness had biopsy-proven @entity157 . CONCLUSION: The association between @entity99 and @entity82 scores, Model for End-Stage @entity409 scores, and y-glutamyltransferase level suggests that MRE may be useful in detecting (and possibly quantifying) @entity1575 in @entity1 after the Fontan operation. The correlation between stiffness and post-Fontan time interval, mean Fontan pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance index, and reduced cardiac index suggests a role for long-term hepatic congestion in creating these @entity409 . Magnetic resonance elastography was useful in detecting abnormal nodules ultimately diagnosed as @entity157 . The relationship between stiffness with advanced @entity82 and @entity157 provides a strong argument for additional study and broader application of MRE in these @entity1 .

title: Magnetic Resonance Elastography: A Novel Technique for the Detection of Hepatic XXXX After the Fontan Operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver stiffness', 'Liver Disease', 'hepatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis', 'hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic stiffness']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: @entity75 is associated with breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and @entity4 . These features are also common properties of @entity1313 . Perimicrovessel @entity4 , disruption of associated astrocyte end feet and @entity528 occur in a porcine model of acute @entity75 . The adrenergic system has been implicated in the inflammatory response to @entity295 and may play a role in controlling blood-brain barrier permeability, since the @entity2162 agonist @entity19642 inhibits perimicrovessel @entity4 formation whereas the alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist @entity7202 provokes it. Electron microscopy revealed tight junction opening in high-grade @entity816 microvessels. Expression of the tight junction protein @entity11177 is reduced in these microvessels and this reduction is inversely correlated with the degree of @entity4 . Normal astrocytes secrete factors that induce barrier properties in endothelial cells, whereas high-grade @entity816 secrete @entity7 , which stimulates angiogenesis, down regulates @entity11177 and increases endothelial cell permeability. The water channel protein @entity3951 is normally expressed in astrocyte foot processes around cerebral microvessels. Its expression is massively up-regulated in high-grade @entity816 and around @entity420 . There is a significant correlation between @entity3951 expression and the degree of @entity4 , but it is not clear whether increased @entity3951 expression enhances @entity4 formation or clearance. These results suggest that the pathophysiology of @entity4 is multifactorial, but that there may be common processes operating regardless of the aetiology.

title: Blood-brain barrier breakdown in @entity75 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity19642 :: ('MESH:C046318', 'Chemical') :: ['dopexamine']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Septic encephalopathy', 'septic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'brain oedema', 'cerebral oedema']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumours']


abstract: @entity75 is associated with breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and @entity4 . These features are also common properties of @entity1313 . Perimicrovessel @entity4 , disruption of associated astrocyte end feet and @entity528 occur in a porcine model of acute @entity75 . The adrenergic system has been implicated in the inflammatory response to @entity295 and may play a role in controlling blood-brain barrier permeability, since the @entity2162 agonist @entity19642 inhibits perimicrovessel @entity4 formation whereas the alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist @entity7202 provokes it. Electron microscopy revealed tight junction opening in high-grade @entity816 microvessels. Expression of the tight junction protein @entity11177 is reduced in these microvessels and this reduction is inversely correlated with the degree of @entity4 . Normal astrocytes secrete factors that induce barrier properties in endothelial cells, whereas high-grade @entity816 secrete @entity7 , which stimulates angiogenesis, down regulates @entity11177 and increases endothelial cell permeability. The water channel protein @entity3951 is normally expressed in astrocyte foot processes around cerebral microvessels. Its expression is massively up-regulated in high-grade @entity816 and around @entity420 . There is a significant correlation between @entity3951 expression and the degree of @entity4 , but it is not clear whether increased @entity3951 expression enhances @entity4 formation or clearance. These results suggest that the pathophysiology of @entity4 is multifactorial, but that there may be common processes operating regardless of the aetiology.

title: Blood-brain barrier breakdown in XXXX and @entity1313 .

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['septic encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Youth with @entity71 experience significant impairment in peer functioning. Based on recommendations from the literature, the current pilot study examined the effectiveness of a parent-assisted, friendship-building program at establishing mutual friendships and improving peer relationships in adolescents with @entity71 . METHOD: @entity1 included 20 adolescents with @entity71 (ages 11-16 years) and their parent(s). Families completed the Program for the Evaluation and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS). Measures of friendship quality, social knowledge, social self-efficacy, get-togethers, and peer conflict were completed at baseline and post-treatment. At post-treatment, @entity1 also reported on the initiation of a new friendship. RESULTS: Baseline to post-treatment differences were examined using paired-samples t tests. The majority of @entity1 reported the initiation of a new friendship at post-treatment. Adolescents also demonstrated significantly improved social knowledge and increased get-togethers. Effect sizes were large. CONCLUSION: Following participation in PEERS, adolescents improved in several peer functioning domains and many initiated new friendships.

title: Examination of a Parent-Assisted, Friendship-Building Program for Adolescents With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: Recombinant adenoviral vectors have potential for the treatment of a variety of @entity85 and such gene therapy systems have been a recent research focus in orthopedic surgery. In studies reported here, two different adenovirus vectors have been compared for their ability to transduce @entity1 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and elicit bone formation in vivo. Vectors consisted either of standard @entity11650 ( @entity11650 ) vector or a chimeric @entity11650 vector that contains an adenovirus type 35 fiber (Ad5F35), which has been recently demonstrated to bestow a different cellular tropism, and a complete cDNA encoding @entity1 @entity1841 ( @entity1841 ). Studies were also conducted to compare the transduction efficiency of these vectors using enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). hBM-MSCs transduced with Ad5F35 vectors had higher levels of transgene expression than those transduced with @entity11650 vectors. The results also demonstrate that hBM-MSCs lack the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR), which is responsible for cellular adsorption of @entity11650 . Therefore, the data suggest that @entity11650 virus adsorption to hBM-MSCs is inefficient. Ad5 @entity1841 - or Ad5F35BMP2-transduced hBM-MSCs were also compared in an in vivo heterotopic bone formation assay. Mineralized bone was radiologically identified only in muscle that received the Ad5F35BMP2 transduced hBM-MSCs. In summary, Ad5F35BMP2 can efficiently transduce hBM-MSCs leading to enhanced bone formation in vivo.

title: Use of a chimeric adenovirus vector enhances XXXX production and bone formation.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['BMP2', 'bone morphogenetic 2']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal defects']

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['BMP2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of @entity6470 as a test for @entity309 in primary care and its impact on referral times using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. METHODS: We identified all @entity1 with a first @entity6470 test recorded in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2008 and those diagnosed with @entity309 within 2 years of testing. We calculated likelihood ratios (LRs), sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of @entity6470 for a diagnosis of @entity309 . We compared time to hospital referral in those testing positive and negative using Kaplan-Meier failure curves and log-rank tests. RESULTS: Of 62 436 first @entity6470 tests, 4679 (7.5%) were positive. There were 1753 incident cases of @entity309 , of which 57.8% were seropositive. The positive LR for @entity6470 was 9.5 (95% CI 9.0, 10.0) and the negative LR was 0.5 (95% CI 0.4, 0.5). Sensitivity and specificity were 57.8% (95% CI 55.4%, 60.1%) and 93.9% (95% CI 93.7%, 94.1%) and the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 21.4% (95% CI 20.3%, 22.6%) and 98.7% (95% CI 98.6%, 98.8%), respectively. Median time to first hospital contact after the first @entity6470 test in those with seropositive vs seronegative results was 54 days (95% CI 49, 58) vs 150 (95% CI 147, 152). CONCLUSION: Only 2.8% of @entity1 undergoing @entity6470 testing were diagnosed with @entity309 , suggesting that @entity6470 is used to screen @entity1 with @entity85 rather than those with more specific features of @entity309 . A positive @entity6470 test may be helpful in diagnosing @entity309 in primary care but performs badly in excluding @entity309 and may delay referral.

title: Estimating the diagnostic accuracy of XXXX factor in UK primary care: a study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal symptoms']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid']


abstract: 1. The development of @entity7772 enzymes was studied in enterocytic and hepatic microsomes from 1-day-old to adult male and female @entity35 . Microsomes were prepared by @entity460 precipitation. Enzyme expression was determined by Western blotting using a polyclonal @entity7772 antibody. 2. The developmental expression of @entity7772 in enterocytic and hepatic microsomes was similar for males and females. 3. Enterocytic @entity7772 ( @entity7772 ) showed a sharp increase at weaning, plateauing at adult levels by 60 days. 4. Hepatic @entity7772 (mostly @entity7772 ) increased sharply just before weaning. However, in contrast to the enterocytic enzyme, there was a 4-fold decrease in enzyme expression down to adult levels by day 60.

title: Developmental changes in the expression of enterocytic and hepatic cytochromes P4501A in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In @entity375 , silencing at the HM loci depends on Sir proteins, which are structural components of silenced chromatin. To explore the structure and assembly of silenced chromatin, the associations of Sir proteins with sequences across the HMR locus were examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In wild-type cells, Sir2p, @entity34707 , and @entity13442 were spread throughout and coincident with the silenced region at HMR. @entity33739 , in contrast, associated only with the HMR-E silencer, consistent with its role in establishment but not maintenance of silencing. @entity13442 was required for the association of other Sir proteins with silencers. In contrast, in the absence of Sir2p or @entity34707 , partial assemblies of Sir proteins could form at silencers, where Sir protein assembly began. Spreading across HMR required Sir2p and @entity34707 , as well as the deacetylase activity of Sir2p. These data support a model for the spreading of silenced chromatin involving cycles of nucleosome deacetylation by Sir2p followed by recruitment of additional Sir2p, @entity34707 , and @entity13442 to the newly deacetylated nucleosome. This model suggests mechanisms for boundary formation, and for maintenance and inheritance of silenced chromatin. The principles are generalizable to other types of heritable chromatin states.

title: Ordered nucleation and spreading of silenced chromatin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: The interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with its cell-bound receptor @entity5764 increases gene expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines and increase generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Circulating receptors, soluble @entity5764 (sRAGE), and endosecretory @entity5764 (esRAGE) by binding with @entity5764 ligands have protective effects against AGE- @entity5764 interaction. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for @entity453 , @entity64 , and @entity1095 . This article reviews; if the AGE- @entity5764 axis is involved in the cigarette smoke-induced @entity65 . There are various sources of AGEs in smokers including, gas/tar of cigarette, activation of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, uncoupling of endothelial isoform of @entity842 synthase (eNOS) and @entity3624 oxidase. The levels of AGEs are elevated in smokers. Serum levels of sRAGE have been reported to be reduced, elevated, or unchanged in smokers. Mostly the levels are reduced. There is one article which shows an elevation of levels of sRAGE in smokers. Serum levels of esRAGE are unaltered in smokers. Mechanism of AGE- @entity5764 -induced @entity731 has been discussed. @entity731 leads to the @entity65 . It has been suggested that ratio of AGE/sRAGE or AGE/esRAGE is useful in determining the deleterious effects of AGE- @entity5764 interaction in smokers. sRAGE alone is not a good marker for smoke-induced @entity65 . In conclusion cigarette smoke induces formation of AGEs and reduces sRAGE resulting in the development of @entity731 and related @entity301 , @entity64 , and @entity1095 . Ratio of AGEs/sRAGE is a better marker for @entity65 than AGEs or sRAGE alone in smokers.

title: Role of Advanced Glycation End Products and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Cigarette Smoke-Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity1 first underwent total thyroidectomy in 1973, and the histopathology was @entity259 . There was no familial history of endocrine @entity5 . She remained asymptomatic for the next 19 years. Neck and tracheal recurrence was treated with tracheal stent and radiation, in 1997. On July 1998, she presented with @entity10 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a @entity2287 enhanced mass in the left inferior temporal gyrus. Angiogram revealed a marked @entity5 stain feeding from the middle and inferior temporal artery. The @entity5 was successfully excised via a temporal craniotomy. Histopathological sections of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis, it demonstrated the medullary pattern that was composed of @entity455 and clumps of cells. Immunocytochemistry, using carcino-embryonic antigen and calcitonin showed a strongly positive reaction, and @entity1758 was 5.4%. The @entity1 subsequently underwent a course of whole brain radiotherapy, a total of 30 Gy/10 fr. She remains asymptomatic 14 months after treatment. @entity75 from @entity189 of the thyroid is extremely rare and it does not usually occur distant spread. @entity259 with @entity75 tends to be identified in @entity1 with older age, larger @entity5 , more frequent evidence of @entity3 , and more @entity146 histologies. The number of @entity259 with @entity75 is small and there has been little evidence from benefit of therapy. Neither is it clear wether radiation therapy is beneficial also is not clear. In this case, surgical resection and radiation therapy was effective against recurrence of other lesion.

title: [Solitary @entity75 from XXXX of the thyroid].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular stroma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain metastasis', 'brain metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['extrathyroidal invasion']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'Thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['medullary carcinoma']


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity1 first underwent total thyroidectomy in 1973, and the histopathology was @entity259 . There was no familial history of endocrine @entity5 . She remained asymptomatic for the next 19 years. Neck and tracheal recurrence was treated with tracheal stent and radiation, in 1997. On July 1998, she presented with @entity10 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a @entity2287 enhanced mass in the left inferior temporal gyrus. Angiogram revealed a marked @entity5 stain feeding from the middle and inferior temporal artery. The @entity5 was successfully excised via a temporal craniotomy. Histopathological sections of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis, it demonstrated the medullary pattern that was composed of @entity455 and clumps of cells. Immunocytochemistry, using carcino-embryonic antigen and calcitonin showed a strongly positive reaction, and @entity1758 was 5.4%. The @entity1 subsequently underwent a course of whole brain radiotherapy, a total of 30 Gy/10 fr. She remains asymptomatic 14 months after treatment. @entity75 from @entity189 of the thyroid is extremely rare and it does not usually occur distant spread. @entity259 with @entity75 tends to be identified in @entity1 with older age, larger @entity5 , more frequent evidence of @entity3 , and more @entity146 histologies. The number of @entity259 with @entity75 is small and there has been little evidence from benefit of therapy. Neither is it clear wether radiation therapy is beneficial also is not clear. In this case, surgical resection and radiation therapy was effective against recurrence of other lesion.

title: [Solitary XXXX from @entity189 of the thyroid].

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain metastasis']


abstract: Microfluorimetry of single cells could help to analyze their morphology and function state during changes of gas environment. It is very important to have a possibility of the cell visual control during @entity519 and collection of dynamic fluorimetric data in digital form. The effects of short-term @entity4095 decrease were studied. For estimating the effects of @entity519 and reoxygenation we used the @entity19 peritoneal macrophages, which are very sensitive to physical, chemical and regulatory stimuli. A special small chamber for fluorimetric measurements during @entity4095 changes, was developed. The level of active @entity26 forms, intracellular pH, and cell membrane instability were investigated during replacement of air by @entity1568 or @entity3503 (of the basal level decreased to 20% of basic level) and in subsequent reoxygenation. The increase of active @entity26 forms was shown during 30 min of @entity519 and their level continued to rise immediately after reoxygenation. A short-term decrease and subsequent increase of @entity4095 in the medium led to an increase of intracellular pH level. The shifts of measured cell indices were stabilized after 30-40 min of @entity4095 changes thus suggesting a fast comprehension of countermeasure cell mechanisms. No macrophages with membrane disorders were found despite the rise of the active @entity26 forms level during @entity519 and reoxygenation in vitro. There were no significant differences between @entity1568 and @entity3503 used for replacement of air in the medium. The data obtained suggest a high resistance of macrophages against @entity4095 changes and an involvement of the antioxidative mechanisms for cell protection especially during reoxygenation period.

title: [Effect of short-term XXXX and re-oxygenation on @entity19 peritoneal macrophages in vitro].

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Microfluorimetry of single cells could help to analyze their morphology and function state during changes of gas environment. It is very important to have a possibility of the cell visual control during @entity519 and collection of dynamic fluorimetric data in digital form. The effects of short-term @entity4095 decrease were studied. For estimating the effects of @entity519 and reoxygenation we used the @entity19 peritoneal macrophages, which are very sensitive to physical, chemical and regulatory stimuli. A special small chamber for fluorimetric measurements during @entity4095 changes, was developed. The level of active @entity26 forms, intracellular pH, and cell membrane instability were investigated during replacement of air by @entity1568 or @entity3503 (of the basal level decreased to 20% of basic level) and in subsequent reoxygenation. The increase of active @entity26 forms was shown during 30 min of @entity519 and their level continued to rise immediately after reoxygenation. A short-term decrease and subsequent increase of @entity4095 in the medium led to an increase of intracellular pH level. The shifts of measured cell indices were stabilized after 30-40 min of @entity4095 changes thus suggesting a fast comprehension of countermeasure cell mechanisms. No macrophages with membrane disorders were found despite the rise of the active @entity26 forms level during @entity519 and reoxygenation in vitro. There were no significant differences between @entity1568 and @entity3503 used for replacement of air in the medium. The data obtained suggest a high resistance of macrophages against @entity4095 changes and an involvement of the antioxidative mechanisms for cell protection especially during reoxygenation period.

title: [Effect of short-term @entity519 and re-oxygenation on XXXX peritoneal macrophages in vitro].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alterations in the intestinal microbiota, characterized by depletion of anti-inflammatory bacteria, such as Firmicutes, in @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) have prompted interest in microbiota-modulating strategies for this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of fecal and synthetic @entity1 microbial ecosystems, low or enriched in Firmicutes, on @entity1960 susceptibility and host immune responses. METHODS: The microbiota of selected healthy and @entity31 @entity1 donors was characterized by culture method and 16S rRNA-based sequencing. Germ-free @entity19 were colonized with fecal or a synthetic ecosystem enriched (healthy donors) or low ( @entity31 donors) in Firmicutes. Experimental @entity1960 was induced using dextran @entity2397 . Colon transcriptome and @entity694 cells were evaluated in @entity19 postcolonization by RNA-seq and flow cytometry, respectively, and T helper (TH) 17 differentiation was assessed in vitro. RESULTS: @entity19 colonized with microbiota from @entity1 with @entity31 low in Firmicutes had increased sensitivity to @entity1960 compared with @entity19 colonized with fecal or synthetic ecosystems rich in Firmicutes. Microbiota low in Firmicutes increased expression of TH17-related genes and expansion of @entity636 -expressing CD4 cells in vivo. Supplementation with bacterial isolates belonging to the Firmicutes phylum abrogated the heightened TH17 responses in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: A microbiota rich in Firmicutes derived from fecal samples of a healthy @entity1 donor, or assembled synthetically, downregulated @entity32 and TH17 pathways in @entity19 . The results support the use of ecobiotherapy strategies, enriched in Firmicutes, for the prevention or treatment of @entity31 .

title: Ecobiotherapy Rich in Firmicutes Decreases Susceptibility to XXXX in a Humanized Gnotobiotic @entity19 Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['colonic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity2397 :: ('MESH:C012036', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon lamina propria']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['Colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alterations in the intestinal microbiota, characterized by depletion of anti-inflammatory bacteria, such as Firmicutes, in @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) have prompted interest in microbiota-modulating strategies for this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of fecal and synthetic @entity1 microbial ecosystems, low or enriched in Firmicutes, on @entity1960 susceptibility and host immune responses. METHODS: The microbiota of selected healthy and @entity31 @entity1 donors was characterized by culture method and 16S rRNA-based sequencing. Germ-free @entity19 were colonized with fecal or a synthetic ecosystem enriched (healthy donors) or low ( @entity31 donors) in Firmicutes. Experimental @entity1960 was induced using dextran @entity2397 . Colon transcriptome and @entity694 cells were evaluated in @entity19 postcolonization by RNA-seq and flow cytometry, respectively, and T helper (TH) 17 differentiation was assessed in vitro. RESULTS: @entity19 colonized with microbiota from @entity1 with @entity31 low in Firmicutes had increased sensitivity to @entity1960 compared with @entity19 colonized with fecal or synthetic ecosystems rich in Firmicutes. Microbiota low in Firmicutes increased expression of TH17-related genes and expansion of @entity636 -expressing CD4 cells in vivo. Supplementation with bacterial isolates belonging to the Firmicutes phylum abrogated the heightened TH17 responses in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: A microbiota rich in Firmicutes derived from fecal samples of a healthy @entity1 donor, or assembled synthetically, downregulated @entity32 and TH17 pathways in @entity19 . The results support the use of ecobiotherapy strategies, enriched in Firmicutes, for the prevention or treatment of @entity31 .

title: Ecobiotherapy Rich in Firmicutes Decreases Susceptibility to @entity1960 in a Humanized Gnotobiotic XXXX Model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: Oral fluid has become a widely accepted alternative matrix for drugs of abuse detection. Immunoassays have been developed for on-site testing of @entity2072 and metabolites in oral fluid. The performance of the Cozart RapiScan Oral Fluid Drug Testing System ( @entity91 ) was evaluated in comparison with Cozart Microplate Enzyme Immunoassay @entity2072 Oral Fluid Kit (COC ELISA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 ) at several screening and confirmation cutoffs, including those proposed by SAMHSA and those currently in use in the U.K. Oral fluid samples (n = 1271) were collected prior to and following controlled clinical @entity2072 administration. @entity91 provides a qualitative screen at a preset cutoff of 30 microg/L. Sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for @entity91 (30 microg/L) as compared with COC ELISA with a cutoff of 30 microg/L were 92.1%, 91.8%, and 92.0%. The comparison of @entity91 (30 microg/L) with the 8-mg/L proposed SAMHSA confirmation cutoffs for @entity2072 and/or @entity3234 exhibited a sensitivity of 82.7%, a specificity of 94.5%, and an efficiency of 87.6%. For this study, an alternative @entity91 cutoff of 20 microg/L was also evaluated. Performance characteristics of @entity91 (20 microg/L) at the proposed SAMHSA confirmation cutoffs were 89.9%, 89.7%, and 89.8%, respectively. At cutoffs in use in the U.K., 30- micro g/L @entity91 screen and 15- microg/L GC- @entity15 cutoffs for @entity2072 , @entity3234 , and/or @entity29427 sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency were 89.4%, 92.2%, and 90.7%, respectively. Cozart RapiScan had performance similar to the COC ELISA assay for the detection of @entity2072 exposure and suitable sensitivity and specificity at the proposed SAMHSA cutoffs.

title: Cozart RapiScan Oral Fluid Drug Testing System: an evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for XXXX detection compared with ELISA and GC- @entity15 following controlled @entity2072 administration.

entities_list: @entity29427 :: ('MESH:C034524', 'Chemical') :: ['ecgonine methyl ester']

entities_list: @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['Cocaine', 'cocaine']

entities_list: @entity3234 :: ('MESH:C005618', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoylecgonine']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: Oral fluid has become a widely accepted alternative matrix for drugs of abuse detection. Immunoassays have been developed for on-site testing of @entity2072 and metabolites in oral fluid. The performance of the Cozart RapiScan Oral Fluid Drug Testing System ( @entity91 ) was evaluated in comparison with Cozart Microplate Enzyme Immunoassay @entity2072 Oral Fluid Kit (COC ELISA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 ) at several screening and confirmation cutoffs, including those proposed by SAMHSA and those currently in use in the U.K. Oral fluid samples (n = 1271) were collected prior to and following controlled clinical @entity2072 administration. @entity91 provides a qualitative screen at a preset cutoff of 30 microg/L. Sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for @entity91 (30 microg/L) as compared with COC ELISA with a cutoff of 30 microg/L were 92.1%, 91.8%, and 92.0%. The comparison of @entity91 (30 microg/L) with the 8-mg/L proposed SAMHSA confirmation cutoffs for @entity2072 and/or @entity3234 exhibited a sensitivity of 82.7%, a specificity of 94.5%, and an efficiency of 87.6%. For this study, an alternative @entity91 cutoff of 20 microg/L was also evaluated. Performance characteristics of @entity91 (20 microg/L) at the proposed SAMHSA confirmation cutoffs were 89.9%, 89.7%, and 89.8%, respectively. At cutoffs in use in the U.K., 30- micro g/L @entity91 screen and 15- microg/L GC- @entity15 cutoffs for @entity2072 , @entity3234 , and/or @entity29427 sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency were 89.4%, 92.2%, and 90.7%, respectively. Cozart RapiScan had performance similar to the COC ELISA assay for the detection of @entity2072 exposure and suitable sensitivity and specificity at the proposed SAMHSA cutoffs.

title: Cozart RapiScan Oral Fluid Drug Testing System: an evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for @entity2072 detection compared with ELISA and GC- @entity15 following controlled XXXX administration.

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: Oral fluid has become a widely accepted alternative matrix for drugs of abuse detection. Immunoassays have been developed for on-site testing of @entity2072 and metabolites in oral fluid. The performance of the Cozart RapiScan Oral Fluid Drug Testing System ( @entity91 ) was evaluated in comparison with Cozart Microplate Enzyme Immunoassay @entity2072 Oral Fluid Kit (COC ELISA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 ) at several screening and confirmation cutoffs, including those proposed by SAMHSA and those currently in use in the U.K. Oral fluid samples (n = 1271) were collected prior to and following controlled clinical @entity2072 administration. @entity91 provides a qualitative screen at a preset cutoff of 30 microg/L. Sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for @entity91 (30 microg/L) as compared with COC ELISA with a cutoff of 30 microg/L were 92.1%, 91.8%, and 92.0%. The comparison of @entity91 (30 microg/L) with the 8-mg/L proposed SAMHSA confirmation cutoffs for @entity2072 and/or @entity3234 exhibited a sensitivity of 82.7%, a specificity of 94.5%, and an efficiency of 87.6%. For this study, an alternative @entity91 cutoff of 20 microg/L was also evaluated. Performance characteristics of @entity91 (20 microg/L) at the proposed SAMHSA confirmation cutoffs were 89.9%, 89.7%, and 89.8%, respectively. At cutoffs in use in the U.K., 30- micro g/L @entity91 screen and 15- microg/L GC- @entity15 cutoffs for @entity2072 , @entity3234 , and/or @entity29427 sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency were 89.4%, 92.2%, and 90.7%, respectively. Cozart RapiScan had performance similar to the COC ELISA assay for the detection of @entity2072 exposure and suitable sensitivity and specificity at the proposed SAMHSA cutoffs.

title: Cozart RapiScan Oral Fluid Drug Testing System: an evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for @entity2072 detection compared with ELISA and GC- XXXX following controlled @entity2072 administration.

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: METHODS: We prospectively studied the angiographic incidence of @entity2791 in 1000 consecutive @entity1 who underwent coronary angiography for clinically suspected @entity453 since December, 1998. Selective renal arteriography was performed in all the @entity1 (mean age 57 years, 74.6% males) after coronary angiography. RESULTS: @entity262 arterial @entity101 was present in 52%, 29.1% were smokers, 21% had @entity6 and 31.2% had @entity1007 . Significant @entity453 was found in 849 (84.9%) @entity1 . Of the total @entity1 cohort, 103 (10.3%) @entity1 had @entity8 ; 78 (7.8%) had insignificant @entity850 (> 50%) and significant @entity2791 (< 50%) was identified in 25 (2.5%) @entity1 . Three had @entity2791 . Comparisons were made between @entity2791 and risk factor profile. There was no statistically significant association between @entity2791 and parameters like @entity6 , @entity101 , smoking, lipid levels and serum @entity1011 . CONCLUSION: In our study, the absolute number of cases with significant @entity2791 is small, so no statistical analysis could be performed to demonstrate the relationship of presence of @entity2791 with severity of CAD. However @entity1 with severe @entity453 or having multiple risk factor showed a trend towards increased prevalence of @entity2791 , hence renal angiography should be done for this subset of @entity1 .

title: Renal artery involvement in @entity1 of XXXX undergoing coronary angiography--a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral renal artery stenosis', 'renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery diseases', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: METHODS: We prospectively studied the angiographic incidence of @entity2791 in 1000 consecutive @entity1 who underwent coronary angiography for clinically suspected @entity453 since December, 1998. Selective renal arteriography was performed in all the @entity1 (mean age 57 years, 74.6% males) after coronary angiography. RESULTS: @entity262 arterial @entity101 was present in 52%, 29.1% were smokers, 21% had @entity6 and 31.2% had @entity1007 . Significant @entity453 was found in 849 (84.9%) @entity1 . Of the total @entity1 cohort, 103 (10.3%) @entity1 had @entity8 ; 78 (7.8%) had insignificant @entity850 (> 50%) and significant @entity2791 (< 50%) was identified in 25 (2.5%) @entity1 . Three had @entity2791 . Comparisons were made between @entity2791 and risk factor profile. There was no statistically significant association between @entity2791 and parameters like @entity6 , @entity101 , smoking, lipid levels and serum @entity1011 . CONCLUSION: In our study, the absolute number of cases with significant @entity2791 is small, so no statistical analysis could be performed to demonstrate the relationship of presence of @entity2791 with severity of CAD. However @entity1 with severe @entity453 or having multiple risk factor showed a trend towards increased prevalence of @entity2791 , hence renal angiography should be done for this subset of @entity1 .

title: Renal artery involvement in XXXX of @entity453 undergoing coronary angiography--a prospective study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Effective tools for extraction of pacemaker and @entity1479 leads have been developed in the past decennium. This study investigated the necessity of using these tools in addition to direct traction in relation to @entity1 and lead characteristics. The study encompasses first attempts at extraction of consecutive pacemaker and @entity1479 leads from the subpectoral area. A stepwise extraction protocol was used with traction first (directly or with a locking stylet) followed by laser sheath extraction if not successful. The indication, @entity1 age, time from implant, fixation mechanism, location, and insertion site of the leads were studied in relation to the outcome of traction. A total of 145 leads in 83 @entity1 were extracted. Leads were implanted for 71 +/- 61 months. Indication for extraction was @entity281 in 96 leads and malfunction in 49 leads. There were 90 ventricular leads including 16 @entity1479 leads. Forty-nine (34%) leads were extracted with traction; in 96 (66%) leads a laser sheath was necessary. All leads implanted for < 6 months could be removed with traction alone. In a multivariate logistic regression model, time from implant was the main factor determining success of traction (P < 0.001), but in case of @entity281 the success rate increased (P = 0.004). In conclusion, time from implant is the decisive factor to judge the potential efficacy of lead extraction with direct traction. If leads are implanted for 6 months, the availability of additional extraction tools is necessary when lead extraction is considered. In addition to time from implant, infected leads have a better chance to be removed with traction although it is a much weaker predictor.

title: Extraction of pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads: XXXX and lead characteristics in relation to the requirement of extraction tools.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of sonography for detection of @entity5869 and whether sonographic results correlate with management or outcome. METHODS: We identified 149 consecutive @entity1 who underwent sonography at 24 weeks' gestational age or later for ruling out @entity3556 . Obstetric and neonatal data were obtained from the hospital perinatal database. Sonographic results, pathologic reports, and hospital charts were reviewed. Sonographic sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated, and regression was used to determine independence of associations. RESULTS: Of the 149 @entity1 , 17 (11%) had sonographic evidence of abruption, and 32 (21%) had evidence of abruption at delivery. As the scan-to-delivery interval decreased, the positive predictive value increased and the negative predictive value decreased. Of 55 @entity1 who gave birth within 14 days of sonography, 8 (15%) had scans consistent with abruption, and 29 (53%) had abruption at delivery; the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of sonography were 24%, 96%, 88%, and 53%, respectively. Positive sonographic findings were univariately associated with 2- to 3-fold greater subsequent tocolysis, @entity5935 use, duration of hospitalization, follow-up sonograms, @entity3152 , low birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. All but low birth weight and neonatal intensive care unit admission remained independently significant after adjustment for gestational age (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Sonography is not sensitive for detection of @entity5869 , but a positive finding is associated with more aggressive management and worse neonatal outcome.

title: Clinical utility of sonography in the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['abruption or vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

answer: @entity5869 :: (MESH:D000037,Disease) :: ['placental abruption']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prognostic evaluation is important for the management of @entity1 with @entity775 ( @entity775 ). Although some autoantibodies have been associated with disease activity and outcomes, the implication of antibodies to @entity16683 (anti- @entity23114 ) remains controversial.To conduct a meta-analysis of observational studies which addressed differences in clinical characteristics by anti- @entity23114 status in @entity1 with @entity775 .Three databases PUBMED, EMBASE, and OVID were systemically searched up to January 2015 using the terms " @entity16683 " or "liver-pancreas antigen" and " @entity775 " with restriction to English-language.Studies were included if at least 50 @entity1 with objective diagnosis of @entity775 were enrolled, anti- @entity23114 detection was performed for the @entity1 , and prognostic outcomes and/or disease severity were reported.Two investigators independently reviewed retrieved literature and evaluated eligibility. Discrepancy was resolved by discussion and a third investigator. Quality of included studies was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Data were pooled using fixed-effect or random-effect models.Prognostic outcomes included death from @entity1578 or requirement for liver transplantation, and responses to immunosuppressive therapy regarding remission or relapse. Results were combined on the odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) scales.Eight studies were enrolled in this study, involving a total of 1297 @entity775 @entity1 among whom 195 with anti- @entity23114 . Pooled serum @entity6571 levels tended to be lower in anti- @entity23114 seropositive @entity1 . The presence of anti- @entity23114 conferred 3.1-fold increased risk of @entity99 in @entity775 @entity1 . The remission rates were comparable between anti- @entity23114 seropositive and seronegative @entity775 patients, while anti- @entity23114 positivity was associated with nearly 2-fold increased risk of relapse after drug withdrawal. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotype DR3 was positively associated with anti- @entity23114 .Antibodies to @entity23114 may be an indicator of increased risks of @entity99 and treatment relapse for @entity775 @entity1 . Our findings suggest that the anti- @entity23114 seropositive @entity1 should be maintained indefinitely on individually adjusted medication to improve their prognosis.

title: Prognostic Implications of Antibodies to XXXX in @entity775 : A PRISMA-Compliant Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity16683 :: ('51091', 'Gene') :: ['soluble liver antigen']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic death']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity16683 :: (51091,Gene) :: ['Soluble Liver Antigen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prognostic evaluation is important for the management of @entity1 with @entity775 ( @entity775 ). Although some autoantibodies have been associated with disease activity and outcomes, the implication of antibodies to @entity16683 (anti- @entity23114 ) remains controversial.To conduct a meta-analysis of observational studies which addressed differences in clinical characteristics by anti- @entity23114 status in @entity1 with @entity775 .Three databases PUBMED, EMBASE, and OVID were systemically searched up to January 2015 using the terms " @entity16683 " or "liver-pancreas antigen" and " @entity775 " with restriction to English-language.Studies were included if at least 50 @entity1 with objective diagnosis of @entity775 were enrolled, anti- @entity23114 detection was performed for the @entity1 , and prognostic outcomes and/or disease severity were reported.Two investigators independently reviewed retrieved literature and evaluated eligibility. Discrepancy was resolved by discussion and a third investigator. Quality of included studies was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Data were pooled using fixed-effect or random-effect models.Prognostic outcomes included death from @entity1578 or requirement for liver transplantation, and responses to immunosuppressive therapy regarding remission or relapse. Results were combined on the odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) scales.Eight studies were enrolled in this study, involving a total of 1297 @entity775 @entity1 among whom 195 with anti- @entity23114 . Pooled serum @entity6571 levels tended to be lower in anti- @entity23114 seropositive @entity1 . The presence of anti- @entity23114 conferred 3.1-fold increased risk of @entity99 in @entity775 @entity1 . The remission rates were comparable between anti- @entity23114 seropositive and seronegative @entity775 patients, while anti- @entity23114 positivity was associated with nearly 2-fold increased risk of relapse after drug withdrawal. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotype DR3 was positively associated with anti- @entity23114 .Antibodies to @entity23114 may be an indicator of increased risks of @entity99 and treatment relapse for @entity775 @entity1 . Our findings suggest that the anti- @entity23114 seropositive @entity1 should be maintained indefinitely on individually adjusted medication to improve their prognosis.

title: Prognostic Implications of Antibodies to @entity16683 in XXXX : A PRISMA-Compliant Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune Hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, nasal packing made of absorbable biomaterial has become increasingly popular. Although absorbable packs are effective for hemostasis, their impact on healing mucosa is unknown. Some have felt that a biocompatible sinus dressing actually may enhance healing, particularly in areas where the mucosa has been stripped. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of topical MeroGel and FloSeal on @entity5578 in a @entity95 model. METHODS: Bilateral maxillary sinuses of 12 New Zealand white @entity95 were surgically opened and stripped of mucosa. The left maxillary sinus of six @entity95 had sterile saline-soaked MeroGel placed in the antrum, and the other six @entity95 received FloSeal. The right maxillary sinuses of all 12 animals were stripped and otherwise untreated to serve as stripped controls. The animals were killed at 2 weeks and specimens were examined by light microscopy. RESULTS: MeroGel-treated mucosa showed extensive @entity82 , complete loss of surface epithelium, and loss of the mucociliary blanket. There was minimal resorption of the MeroGel, and MeroGel fibers were frankly incorporated into the regenerated epithelium, associated with an exuberant lymphocytic infiltrate. @entity5932 showed similar @entity82 with loss of the mucociliary blanket, although to a lesser degree than the MeroGel- treated group. FloSeal showed similar incorporation into the healed mucosa with @entity6113 . Controls showed expected @entity353 , lamina propria @entity82 , and loss of cilia, but the lamina propria @entity82 seen in the MeroGel and FloSeal groups was markedly more prominent. CONCLUSION: In a @entity95 model, MeroGel and FloSeal appear to increase reactionary @entity82 of healing mucosa. These agents also appear to be incompletely resorbed and grossly incorporated into healing tissue. @entity33 may be impaired by the application of these agents.

title: Effects of topically applied biomaterials on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis of the basal lamina and lamina propria', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal gland reduction']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['FloSeal-treated mucosa']

entities_list: @entity5578 :: ('MESH:D010254', 'Disease') :: ['paranasal sinus mucosal healing']

answer: @entity5578 :: (MESH:D010254,Disease) :: ['paranasal sinus mucosal healing']


abstract: An adult male blue shark, Prionace glauca (L.), caught in July 2000 by a recreational fisherman off Long Island, New York, USA, had a retained fishing hook from a previous capture. The hook penetrated the gastric wall and lacerated the right liver lobe. @entity75 consisted of transmural @entity3621 and @entity298 . Alteromonas sp. and @entity12671 were isolated from the peritoneal fluid. In addition, a well delineated, sessile mass was found on the otherwise normal serosa of the right testis. Histopathological findings included @entity1373 and @entity1184 involving diffusely the gastric, hepatic and parietal serosae, and forming a discrete testicular capsular mass compatible with @entity2615 . In the liver an @entity1419 , @entity3619 , @entity1373 and increased numbers of melanomacrophages were found. In addition organisms compatible with histozoic and coelozoic myxosporeans were found within the skeletal muscle of the abdomen and intrahepatic bile ducts, respectively. This is the third literature report of a @entity96 and the first report of a coelomic @entity2615 from a shark.

title: Hepatic cholangiocarcinoma and XXXX in a wild-caught blue shark, Prionace glauca (L.).

entities_list: @entity12671 :: ('663', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio alginolyticus']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Macroscopic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelial hyperplasia', 'biliary hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['testicular mesothelioma']


abstract: @entity146 can be studied as either offensive or defensive responses to a stimulus. The studies discussed in this review are focused on the peripubertal development of @entity146 in male @entity329 and its responsiveness to repeated social stress. Quantitative and qualitative changes in offensive responses were analyzed during this period. Quantitative changes in offensive responses were observed as decreased frequency of attacks. Qualitative changes were observed as changes in attack types, as animals reorient their attacks gradually from the face to the lower belly and rump. These developmental changes were altered by repeated exposure to social stress during @entity1175 . Daily exposure to aggressive adults during @entity1175 accelerated the qualitative development of offensive responses and the onset of adult-like offensive responses. In contrast, social stress had little effect on the quantitative changes associated with @entity1175 . However, social stress was associated with higher attack frequency during adulthood. These effects of stress during @entity1175 contrast with those observed with animals in late puberty. At that time, repeated exposure to aggressive @entity146 . These data constitute the basis for a new theory on the development of agonistic behavior that includes the following hypotheses. First, it is hypothesized that mid-puberty is marked by a change in responsiveness to repeated social stress. As such, differences in stress responsiveness from social interactions are interpreted as a basic distinction between play fighting and @entity146 . Second, it is also hypothesized that a common neural circuitry mediates the activation of offensive responses during play fighting and adult aggressive interactions.

title: Stress and the development of agonistic behavior in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1175 :: ('MESH:D011628', 'Disease') :: ['early puberty']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['golden hamsters']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['adults inhibits offensive aggression', 'adult aggression', 'Aggressive behavior', 'offensive aggression']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['golden hamsters']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reactive @entity26 metabolites (ROM) are important mediators of @entity8424 ( @entity7540 ) induced minimal @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) in @entity35 . We have recently shown that @entity1447 ( @entity1447 ) is a significant source of catalytic @entity68 in this model of @entity8 . The current study was designed to identify the @entity1447 isozyme(s) in the @entity35 glomeruli and explore the role of the specific isozyme(s) in @entity7540 -induced minimal change @entity1985 . METHODS: @entity1985 was induced in @entity35 by a single intravenous injection of @entity7540 . Animals were sacrificed at different time points for variety of biochemical assays including Western blot, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ultrastructural histochemistry was utilized to study @entity273 ( @entity274 ) generation in the kidney. RESULTS: Several @entity1447 isozymes were tested and @entity4921 was localized exclusively in the @entity35 glomeruli but not in the tubules. Treatment with @entity7540 resulted in the generation of @entity274 in the glomerular basement membrane with significant loss of @entity4921 content accompanied by a marked increase in the catalytic @entity68 . @entity4921 inhibitors @entity4444 and @entity20391 significantly reduced @entity274 generation, and prevented the loss of @entity4921 content and the increase in the catalytic @entity68 . @entity4921 inhibitors also provided significant protection against @entity7540 induced @entity644 . The induction of @entity1446 oxygenase and ferritin also was observed in the glomeruli in @entity7540 -treated @entity35 . Both @entity4444 and @entity20391 reduced the up-regulation of these proteins. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that @entity4921 plays an important role in @entity7540 induced @entity1985 by serving as a site for ROM generation and a significant source of catalytic @entity68 .

title: XXXX 2B1 mediates oxidant injury in puromycin-induced @entity1985 .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity8424 :: ('MESH:D011692', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin aminonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'change nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1447 :: (25251(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Cytochrome P450']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reactive @entity26 metabolites (ROM) are important mediators of @entity8424 ( @entity7540 ) induced minimal @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) in @entity35 . We have recently shown that @entity1447 ( @entity1447 ) is a significant source of catalytic @entity68 in this model of @entity8 . The current study was designed to identify the @entity1447 isozyme(s) in the @entity35 glomeruli and explore the role of the specific isozyme(s) in @entity7540 -induced minimal change @entity1985 . METHODS: @entity1985 was induced in @entity35 by a single intravenous injection of @entity7540 . Animals were sacrificed at different time points for variety of biochemical assays including Western blot, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ultrastructural histochemistry was utilized to study @entity273 ( @entity274 ) generation in the kidney. RESULTS: Several @entity1447 isozymes were tested and @entity4921 was localized exclusively in the @entity35 glomeruli but not in the tubules. Treatment with @entity7540 resulted in the generation of @entity274 in the glomerular basement membrane with significant loss of @entity4921 content accompanied by a marked increase in the catalytic @entity68 . @entity4921 inhibitors @entity4444 and @entity20391 significantly reduced @entity274 generation, and prevented the loss of @entity4921 content and the increase in the catalytic @entity68 . @entity4921 inhibitors also provided significant protection against @entity7540 induced @entity644 . The induction of @entity1446 oxygenase and ferritin also was observed in the glomeruli in @entity7540 -treated @entity35 . Both @entity4444 and @entity20391 reduced the up-regulation of these proteins. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that @entity4921 plays an important role in @entity7540 induced @entity1985 by serving as a site for ROM generation and a significant source of catalytic @entity68 .

title: @entity1447 2B1 mediates oxidant injury in puromycin-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is a form of @entity409 that is increasingly recognized. There are limited data on the prevalence of @entity1561 and the role of risk factors for @entity1561 among the morbidly @entity28 . HYPOTHESIS: The prevalence of asymptomatic @entity1561 among morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing gastric bypass surgery is high, and there are identifiable risk factors for @entity1561 . DESIGN: Prospective case study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Forty-eight consecutive @entity1 undergoing gastric bypass surgery who had a concurrent open liver biopsy. Exclusion criteria included current consumption of more than 2 @entity167 beverages monthly and known @entity82 . A hepatopathologist blinded to clinical data reviewed biopsy specimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence of @entity1561 or severe @entity82 , preoperative body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), fasting @entity412 level, and presence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). RESULTS: @entity1 (mean +/- SD age, 42 +/- 10 years; 33 @entity1 ) had an initial mean BMI of 59.9 +/- 12. Thirty-one @entity1 (65%) had moderate to severe @entity1560 . Only 6 (12%) had advanced @entity82 . Sixteen (33%) had evidence of @entity1561 . There was no difference in mean age, sex, BMI, or fasting @entity412 level between @entity1 with and without @entity1561 or advanced @entity82 . The odds of @entity1561 were 128 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2-3137.0) and the odds of severe @entity82 75 times greater (95% CI, 4.5-1247.0) in @entity1 with @entity6 than in those without @entity6 . Preoperative BMI was not independently associated with @entity1561 (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.9-1.1) or severe @entity82 (odds ratio, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.86-1.02) after adjustment for @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to severe @entity1560 and @entity1561 are common among individuals undergoing gastric bypass procedures. @entity6 but not BMI is associated with @entity1561 and advanced hepatic @entity82 in these @entity1 .

title: Prevalence and predictors of asymptomatic XXXX in @entity1 undergoing gastric bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is a form of @entity409 that is increasingly recognized. There are limited data on the prevalence of @entity1561 and the role of risk factors for @entity1561 among the morbidly @entity28 . HYPOTHESIS: The prevalence of asymptomatic @entity1561 among morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing gastric bypass surgery is high, and there are identifiable risk factors for @entity1561 . DESIGN: Prospective case study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Forty-eight consecutive @entity1 undergoing gastric bypass surgery who had a concurrent open liver biopsy. Exclusion criteria included current consumption of more than 2 @entity167 beverages monthly and known @entity82 . A hepatopathologist blinded to clinical data reviewed biopsy specimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence of @entity1561 or severe @entity82 , preoperative body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), fasting @entity412 level, and presence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). RESULTS: @entity1 (mean +/- SD age, 42 +/- 10 years; 33 @entity1 ) had an initial mean BMI of 59.9 +/- 12. Thirty-one @entity1 (65%) had moderate to severe @entity1560 . Only 6 (12%) had advanced @entity82 . Sixteen (33%) had evidence of @entity1561 . There was no difference in mean age, sex, BMI, or fasting @entity412 level between @entity1 with and without @entity1561 or advanced @entity82 . The odds of @entity1561 were 128 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2-3137.0) and the odds of severe @entity82 75 times greater (95% CI, 4.5-1247.0) in @entity1 with @entity6 than in those without @entity6 . Preoperative BMI was not independently associated with @entity1561 (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.9-1.1) or severe @entity82 (odds ratio, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.86-1.02) after adjustment for @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to severe @entity1560 and @entity1561 are common among individuals undergoing gastric bypass procedures. @entity6 but not BMI is associated with @entity1561 and advanced hepatic @entity82 in these @entity1 .

title: Prevalence and predictors of asymptomatic @entity409 in XXXX undergoing gastric bypass surgery.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Whether @entity914 associated with @entity161 and @entity1316 represent manifestations of different @entity74 is an important but unresolved question in psychiatry. Results of previous volumetric magnetic resonance imaging investigations indicate that gray matter volume reductions in neocortical regions may be specific to @entity161 . OBJECTIVE: To simultaneously evaluate multiple olfactocentric paralimbic regions, which play crucial roles in @entity1 emotion and motivation, in first-episode @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity716 . DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using high-spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity716 at their first hospitalization. SETTING: Inpatient units at a private psychiatric hospital. @entity1 : Fifty-three first-episode @entity1 , 27 with @entity161 and 26 with affective (mainly manic) @entity716 , and 29 control subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using high-spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging, the gray matter volumes of 2 olfactocentric paralimbic regions of interest, the insular cortex and the temporal pole, were evaluated. RESULTS: A bilateral @entity353 in insular cortex gray matter was specific to first-episode @entity1 with @entity161 . In contrast, both first-episode @entity716 groups showed a @entity353 in left temporal pole gray matter and an absence of normal left-greater-than-right asymmetry. Region of interest correlations showed that only @entity1 with @entity161 lacked a positive correlation between left temporal pole and left anterior amygdala-hippocampal complex gray matter volumes, whereas both @entity716 groups were similar in lacking normal positive correlations between left temporal pole and left anterior superior temporal gyrus gray matter volumes. CONCLUSIONS: These partially different and partially similar patterns of structural abnormalities in olfactocentric paralimbic regions and their associated abnormalities in other temporolimbic regions may be important factors in the differential and common manifestations of the 2 @entity914 .

title: Differences and similarities in insular and temporal pole MRI gray matter volume abnormalities in first-episode XXXX and @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorders or the same disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'affective psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: CONTEXT: Whether @entity914 associated with @entity161 and @entity1316 represent manifestations of different @entity74 is an important but unresolved question in psychiatry. Results of previous volumetric magnetic resonance imaging investigations indicate that gray matter volume reductions in neocortical regions may be specific to @entity161 . OBJECTIVE: To simultaneously evaluate multiple olfactocentric paralimbic regions, which play crucial roles in @entity1 emotion and motivation, in first-episode @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity716 . DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using high-spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity716 at their first hospitalization. SETTING: Inpatient units at a private psychiatric hospital. @entity1 : Fifty-three first-episode @entity1 , 27 with @entity161 and 26 with affective (mainly manic) @entity716 , and 29 control subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using high-spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging, the gray matter volumes of 2 olfactocentric paralimbic regions of interest, the insular cortex and the temporal pole, were evaluated. RESULTS: A bilateral @entity353 in insular cortex gray matter was specific to first-episode @entity1 with @entity161 . In contrast, both first-episode @entity716 groups showed a @entity353 in left temporal pole gray matter and an absence of normal left-greater-than-right asymmetry. Region of interest correlations showed that only @entity1 with @entity161 lacked a positive correlation between left temporal pole and left anterior amygdala-hippocampal complex gray matter volumes, whereas both @entity716 groups were similar in lacking normal positive correlations between left temporal pole and left anterior superior temporal gyrus gray matter volumes. CONCLUSIONS: These partially different and partially similar patterns of structural abnormalities in olfactocentric paralimbic regions and their associated abnormalities in other temporolimbic regions may be important factors in the differential and common manifestations of the 2 @entity914 .

title: Differences and similarities in insular and temporal pole MRI gray matter volume abnormalities in first-episode @entity161 and XXXX .

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['affective psychosis']


abstract: We examined a @entity1 ( @entity9979 ) with probable @entity195 who showed phonologically plausible errors in kanji (logogram) writing. In semantic tasks, she showed no deficits in pointing or naming but had difficulty in more complex tasks such as proverb comprehension. In reading aloud of kanji words, she could read most kanji words correctly and showed little phonologically plausible reading errors. She performed poorly in lexical decision and on-reading of one-letter kanji (Sino-Japanese pronunciation derived from the Chinese language at the time of borrowing). Writing to dictation demonstrated no mistakes in kana letters and words, but many errors in kanji, which were phonologically equivalent but semantically inappropriate. To explore the relationship between the writing errors in kanji words and comprehension of the word meanings, we selected 33 words that she made phonologically plausible writing errors. We gave her the following five tasks using these words; 1) to ask meanings of the words, 2) to dictate the words, 3) to dictate sentences including these words, 4) to discriminate appropriate target words from distracters including her own erroneous responses, and 5) to write these words again. She showed no consistent errors in these tasks. In some occasions, she could write correct kanji words without understanding word meanings. She also showed phonologically plausible writing errors in spite of describing correct word meanings. In Japanese, word meaning deficits like Gogi @entity2026 were thought to cause phonologically plausible writing errors. As the impairments of word meanings in @entity9979 are comparatively mild, the underpinning of her kanji @entity1055 might be different from that of phonologically plausible errors in Gogi @entity2026 . It would be suggested that she frequently wrote phonologically equivalent errors because of her @entity51 in spite that her phonological processing was preserved. Furthermore, she would not necessarily use the semantics (word meanings) of kanji words during dictation.

title: [Writing Kanji without semantics in a case with probable XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['lexical deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1055 :: ('MESH:D000381', 'Disease') :: ['agraphias']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to examine agreement among bone mineral content (BMC) and density ( @entity1555 ) estimates obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and micro-computed tomography ( CT) against high-resolution  CT and bone ash of the @entity840 femur. Middle-aged (n  =  40, 86  weeks) male @entity840 underwent in vivo followed by ex vivo DXA (Hologic QDR 4500A) scanning for intact and excised femur BMC and areal density. To assess bone architecture and strength, excised femurs were scanned on pQCT (Stratec XCT 2000L) as well as on two  CT scanners (LaTheta LCT-200; Skyscan 1174), followed by three-point bending test. Reproducibility was determined using triplicate scans; and agreement assessed using Bland-Altman plots with reference methods being high-resolution  CT (Skyscan) for @entity1555 and bone ashing for BMC. All techniques showed satisfactory ex vivo precision (CV 0.05-4.3  %). However, bias compared to the reference method was highest (207.5  %) in trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) measured by LaTheta, and unacceptable in most total femur and cortical bone measurements. Volumetric @entity1555 (vBMD) and BV/TV derived by LaTheta and pQCT at the distal metaphysis were biased from the Skyscan by an average of 49.3 and 207.5  %, respectively. Variability of vBMD, BV/TV and cross-sectional area at the diaphysis ranged from -5.5 to 30.8  %. LaTheta best quantified total femur BMC with an upper bias of 3.3  %. The observed differences among imaging techniques can be attributable to inherent dissimilarity in construction design, calibration, segmentation and scanning resolution used. These bone imaging tools are precise but are not comparable, at least when assessing @entity840 bones.

title: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and micro-computed tomography techniques are discordant for bone density and geometry measurements in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pig', 'guinea pigs']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if @entity308 scores are higher in @entity1 with @entity309 and to identify risk factors for @entity308 . METHOD: The subjects were 287 @entity309 in- @entity1 and outpatients. We investigated the tendency of @entity308 by @entity214 of Zung and whether @entity214 is correlated with age, face scale, VAS (visual analog scale), MHAQ, class, BSG and CRP. We compared the frequency of @entity308 tendency between those who took @entity134 and those who did not. Among 238 cases that we studied, 131 @entity1 took @entity134 hormone and the rest did not. RESULTS: It was found that 113 out of 287 @entity1 (about 39%) showed @entity308 tendency. @entity214 was correlated with face scale (r = 0.55198 P = 0.0001) followed by VAS (r = 0.40772 P = 0.0001). However, @entity214 was not correlated with BSG, CRP, age and duration range. For the group who took @entity134 hormone, the average score of @entity214 was 38.63 (+/- 8.37). The average score for the other group who did not take @entity134 was 35.98 (+/- 7.97). As a result, it was measured by T-value that the group who took @entity134 hormone had higher @entity214 than the other group who did not take @entity134 .

title: [ XXXX tendency in @entity1 with @entity309 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if @entity308 scores are higher in @entity1 with @entity309 and to identify risk factors for @entity308 . METHOD: The subjects were 287 @entity309 in- @entity1 and outpatients. We investigated the tendency of @entity308 by @entity214 of Zung and whether @entity214 is correlated with age, face scale, VAS (visual analog scale), MHAQ, class, BSG and CRP. We compared the frequency of @entity308 tendency between those who took @entity134 and those who did not. Among 238 cases that we studied, 131 @entity1 took @entity134 hormone and the rest did not. RESULTS: It was found that 113 out of 287 @entity1 (about 39%) showed @entity308 tendency. @entity214 was correlated with face scale (r = 0.55198 P = 0.0001) followed by VAS (r = 0.40772 P = 0.0001). However, @entity214 was not correlated with BSG, CRP, age and duration range. For the group who took @entity134 hormone, the average score of @entity214 was 38.63 (+/- 8.37). The average score for the other group who did not take @entity134 was 35.98 (+/- 7.97). As a result, it was measured by T-value that the group who took @entity134 hormone had higher @entity214 than the other group who did not take @entity134 .

title: [ @entity308 tendency in @entity1 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['RA']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if @entity308 scores are higher in @entity1 with @entity309 and to identify risk factors for @entity308 . METHOD: The subjects were 287 @entity309 in- @entity1 and outpatients. We investigated the tendency of @entity308 by @entity214 of Zung and whether @entity214 is correlated with age, face scale, VAS (visual analog scale), MHAQ, class, BSG and CRP. We compared the frequency of @entity308 tendency between those who took @entity134 and those who did not. Among 238 cases that we studied, 131 @entity1 took @entity134 hormone and the rest did not. RESULTS: It was found that 113 out of 287 @entity1 (about 39%) showed @entity308 tendency. @entity214 was correlated with face scale (r = 0.55198 P = 0.0001) followed by VAS (r = 0.40772 P = 0.0001). However, @entity214 was not correlated with BSG, CRP, age and duration range. For the group who took @entity134 hormone, the average score of @entity214 was 38.63 (+/- 8.37). The average score for the other group who did not take @entity134 was 35.98 (+/- 7.97). As a result, it was measured by T-value that the group who took @entity134 hormone had higher @entity214 than the other group who did not take @entity134 .

title: [ @entity308 tendency in XXXX with @entity309 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Many recent treatment guidelines have advocated the importance of a full noninvasive medical evaluation. To individualize treatment, special emphasis must be put on recording of the maximum voided volume (MVV) and nocturnal diuresis in a diary or frequency/volume chart. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify any possible predictive factors to @entity7062 response. STUDY DESIGN: This study is a re-analysis of a prospective, open-label, multinational, phase-IV study evaluating  <=6 months of treatment with @entity7062 tablets for @entity1 with primary nocturnal enuresis. The @entity1 were enrolled between April 2002 and December 2004 from 86 centers in four countries: UK, Canada, Germany and France. A total of 936 @entity1 were screened; 744 @entity1 aged 5-15 years participated in the study. Of these, 471 @entity1 completed the study with 6 months follow-up and recording in a frequency/volume chart. All @entity1 experienced six or more wet nights during the 14-day screening period. Exclusion criteria were: organic pathology, treatment for enuresis within the past year, previous treatment for enuresis for >4 weeks, diurnal symptoms, @entity2316 and the use of systemic antibiotics or other drugs known to affect @entity7062 activity. The predictive value of number of wet nights a week, fluid intake, daytime voiding frequency and diuresis was investigated by performing a multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the demographic variables, age was the only significant predictor for response to @entity7062 . Controlling for age, the significant predictive variables were: number of wet nights a week, average voided volume daytime, maximum voided volume daytime, total daytime diuresis, nocturnal diuresis (see Figure), maximum voided volume 24  h and total 24  h diuresis. More than 80% of the @entity1 had no nocturnal @entity2011 and a low maximum voided volume. DISCUSSION: Performing a secondary analysis is a limitation because the original study was not designed for that. A new prospective study is ethically hardly defendable for @entity1 if data are available from previous literature [1]; therefore, a re-analysis was the appropriate choice. The study confirms the predictive value of age, number of wet nights a week and nocturnal diuresis [1,2]. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that @entity7062 response rates are higher in @entity1 with greater age, limited number of wet nights a week and nocturnal @entity2011 . Only a minority of a primary nocturnal enuresis population, based on history alone, had nocturnal @entity2011 . The majority had a low maximum voided volume. The results clearly stress the importance of a frequency/volume chart for individualizing therapy to the characteristics, thereby resulting in elevated success rates. Registration number of clinical trial: Clinical Trials.gov NCT00245479.

title: Predictive parameters of response to XXXX in primary nocturnal enuresis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['desmopressin']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['renal or central diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity7062 :: (MESH:D003894,Chemical) :: ['desmopressin']


abstract: Photopheresis (extracorporeal photochemotherapy, ECP) is a new type of photochemotherapy used for the treatment of oncological and @entity792 . Additionally, recent reports indicate that this therapy is promising in both pediatric and adult @entity1 who develop @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) resistant to conventional protocols after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In this paper, we review 31 studies where ECP was used in the treatment of acute and chronic @entity2132 . A total of 76 (32% female) acute @entity2132 @entity1 have been considered in 11 series. Fifty-nine @entity1 presented with skin involvement; 47 had liver involvement, and 28 had gastrointestinal manifestations. Treatment duration ranged from 1 to 24 months. A regression of skin manifestations was observed in 83% of the @entity1 with a complete response in 67%. A complete regression of liver and gut manifestations was reported in 38% and 54% of the @entity1 , respectively. The overall @entity1 survival was 53%. Of the 43 @entity1 alive, 8 developed chronic @entity2132 manifestations. The immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued in 28% of cases and reduced in 46%. A total of 204 (45% female) chronic @entity2132 @entity1 treated with ECP 1 to 110 months from transplantation have been considered in 20 series. One hundred twenty-eight @entity1 presented with skin involvement, 84 with liver, 31 with lung, and 59 with oral manifestations. Treatment duration ranged from 3 to 40 months. A regression of skin manifestations was observed in 76% of @entity1 with a complete response in 38%. An improvement of liver and lung involvement was reported in 48% and 39% of the @entity1 , respectively. Of the 59 @entity1 with oral manifestations, an improvement was obtained in 63% of cases. The overall @entity1 survival was 79%. ECP is a nonaggressive treatment that may benefit @entity1 with both acute and chronic @entity2132 who do not respond to standard immunosuppressive therapy.

title: Extracorporeal photochemotherapy for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft versus host disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the initial management of pediatric @entity1 with lacrimal canalicular @entity1146 (CA) involving the upper or lower eyelid. METHODS: The medical records of 15 @entity1 with symptoms of nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction and CA of either the upper or lower eyelid treated from 1994 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical treatment consisted of nasolacrimal probing through the patent canaliculus. Preoperative findings, treatment, and outcomes were reviewed. Outcomes were considered good if the @entity1 had resolution of signs and symptoms of lacrimal obstruction, fair if the symptoms improved and additional surgery was not required, and poor if additional lacrimal surgery was performed. RESULTS: CA was found in 19 eyes of 15 @entity1 : 11 eyes had @entity735 , lower. All 11 eyes with upper CA improved after NLD probing through the patent lower canaliculus. Of the 8 eyes with lower CA, 4 (50%) had good outcomes and 4 eyes had poor outcomes after NLD probing through the patent upper canaliculus. All of the latter @entity1 improved after subsequent treatment with @entity384 ( @entity384 ), monocanalicular stent placement, or both. CONCLUSIONS: If a @entity1 is found to have upper CA during initial surgery for NLD obstruction, NLD probing through the patent lower canaliculus has a good rate of surgical success. For @entity1 with lower CA, the success rate of NLD probing through the upper canaliculus appears to be lower. Additional treatment during the initial surgery with either @entity384 or monocanalicular stent placement should be considered in these @entity1 .

title: Initial management of congenital canalicular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['upper CA; 8 eyes']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon catheter dilation', 'BCD']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of the @entity1347 ( @entity5427 ) in measuring the distance from the limbus to the insertion of primary and previously operated rectus muscles in @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective, double masked, observational study the distance of the extraocular muscle insertion from the limbus measured by @entity5427 preoperatively was compared to intraoperative measurement using the surgical calipers. Consecutive @entity1 4-18 years of age undergoing primary or repeat strabismus surgery on horizontal or vertical rectus muscles between September 2013 and May 2014 were included. @entity1 with any condition that interfered with imaging were excluded. @entity1 were asked to look in the direction opposite to the muscle to ensure that the middle third of the muscle was being imaged and measured. RESULTS: A total of 65 muscles were evaluated, including 9 muscles undergoing reoperation and 10 vertical rectus muscles. Of these, 62 muscles were successfully imaged. In all reoperated eyes, the @entity5427 were within 1 mm of the intraoperative measurements. Overall, 89.7% (95% CI, 78.8%-96.1%) of the measurements were within the 1 mm difference considered "clinically acceptable." The intraclass correlation coefficient comparing the reliability of the @entity5427 with intraoperative measurements was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.53-0.85), or "good" agreement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5427 can accurately detect rectus muscle insertions in primary or previously operated cases in @entity1 as young as 4 years of age.

title: The accuracy of @entity1347 ( XXXX ) in localizing extraocular rectus muscles insertions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment optical coherence tomography']

entities_list: @entity5427 :: ('MESH:D017204', 'Disease') :: ['AS-OCT', 'AS-OCT measurements']

answer: @entity5427 :: (MESH:D017204,Disease) :: ['AS-OCT']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of the @entity1347 ( @entity5427 ) in measuring the distance from the limbus to the insertion of primary and previously operated rectus muscles in @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective, double masked, observational study the distance of the extraocular muscle insertion from the limbus measured by @entity5427 preoperatively was compared to intraoperative measurement using the surgical calipers. Consecutive @entity1 4-18 years of age undergoing primary or repeat strabismus surgery on horizontal or vertical rectus muscles between September 2013 and May 2014 were included. @entity1 with any condition that interfered with imaging were excluded. @entity1 were asked to look in the direction opposite to the muscle to ensure that the middle third of the muscle was being imaged and measured. RESULTS: A total of 65 muscles were evaluated, including 9 muscles undergoing reoperation and 10 vertical rectus muscles. Of these, 62 muscles were successfully imaged. In all reoperated eyes, the @entity5427 were within 1 mm of the intraoperative measurements. Overall, 89.7% (95% CI, 78.8%-96.1%) of the measurements were within the 1 mm difference considered "clinically acceptable." The intraclass correlation coefficient comparing the reliability of the @entity5427 with intraoperative measurements was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.53-0.85), or "good" agreement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5427 can accurately detect rectus muscle insertions in primary or previously operated cases in @entity1 as young as 4 years of age.

title: The accuracy of XXXX ( @entity5427 ) in localizing extraocular rectus muscles insertions.

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['anterior segment optical coherence tomography']