abstract: BACKGROUND: Quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis has been proposed as a means of objectively assessing fibrotic @entity401 ( @entity401 ) including @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). We investigated whether percentages of high-attenuation areas (HAA%) and @entity5409 (CA%) quantified from CT images were useful as indices of @entity401 . METHODS: CT images of 74 @entity1 with fibrotic @entity16058 ( @entity2416 , 36; non-specific @entity401 , 9; unclassifiable @entity16058 , 29) were analyzed via in-house computer software, which automatically calculated HAA%, CA%, @entity358 ( @entity358 ), standard deviation of lung density (SD-LD), kurtosis, and @entity1319 from CT attenuation histograms. These indices were compared in each instance with physiologic measures, visual @entity82 score, clinical diagnosis, radiologic CT pattern, and prognosis. RESULTS: HAA% correlated significantly with physiologic measures and visual @entity82 score to a moderate extent (%forced vital capacity, rs   =   -0.59; % @entity1223 diffusion capacity, rs   =   -0.43; @entity82 score, rs   =   0.23). Densitometric parameters ( @entity358 , SD-LD, kurtosis, and @entity1319 ) correlated significantly with physiologic measures and @entity82 score ( rs    =   0.28-0.59). CA% showed no association with pulmonary functions but differed significantly between @entity2416 and other @entity401 ( @entity401 ) (1.50        2.41% vs. 0.41        0.80%; P   <   0.01) and between the definite @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) pattern and other patterns (1.48        2.38% vs. 0.55        1.19%; P   <   0.01). On univariate analysis, HAA%, @entity358 , SD-LD, kurtosis, @entity1319 , @entity82 score, and definite @entity2416 pattern all correlated with survival, with kurtosis alone identified as a significant predictor of mortality on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio   =   0.67; 95% CI, 0.44-0.96; P   =   0.03). CONCLUSION: CA% and HAA% are novel quantitative CT indices with differing properties in @entity401 evaluations. HAA% largely reflects physiologic impairments, whereas CA% corresponds with diagnosis and HRCT pattern. Of the CT indices examined, kurtosis constituted the strongest predictor of mortality.

title: Clinical impact of high-attenuation and XXXX on computed tomography in fibrotic @entity16058 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic areas']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonias', 'idiopathic interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['UIP', 'usual interstitial pneumonia', 'IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['MLD', 'mean lung density']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['IPs', 'interstitial pneumonias', 'fibrotic IP', 'IP', 'interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity5409 :: (MESH:D052177,Disease) :: ['cystic areas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis has been proposed as a means of objectively assessing fibrotic @entity401 ( @entity401 ) including @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). We investigated whether percentages of high-attenuation areas (HAA%) and @entity5409 (CA%) quantified from CT images were useful as indices of @entity401 . METHODS: CT images of 74 @entity1 with fibrotic @entity16058 ( @entity2416 , 36; non-specific @entity401 , 9; unclassifiable @entity16058 , 29) were analyzed via in-house computer software, which automatically calculated HAA%, CA%, @entity358 ( @entity358 ), standard deviation of lung density (SD-LD), kurtosis, and @entity1319 from CT attenuation histograms. These indices were compared in each instance with physiologic measures, visual @entity82 score, clinical diagnosis, radiologic CT pattern, and prognosis. RESULTS: HAA% correlated significantly with physiologic measures and visual @entity82 score to a moderate extent (%forced vital capacity, rs   =   -0.59; % @entity1223 diffusion capacity, rs   =   -0.43; @entity82 score, rs   =   0.23). Densitometric parameters ( @entity358 , SD-LD, kurtosis, and @entity1319 ) correlated significantly with physiologic measures and @entity82 score ( rs    =   0.28-0.59). CA% showed no association with pulmonary functions but differed significantly between @entity2416 and other @entity401 ( @entity401 ) (1.50        2.41% vs. 0.41        0.80%; P   <   0.01) and between the definite @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) pattern and other patterns (1.48        2.38% vs. 0.55        1.19%; P   <   0.01). On univariate analysis, HAA%, @entity358 , SD-LD, kurtosis, @entity1319 , @entity82 score, and definite @entity2416 pattern all correlated with survival, with kurtosis alone identified as a significant predictor of mortality on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio   =   0.67; 95% CI, 0.44-0.96; P   =   0.03). CONCLUSION: CA% and HAA% are novel quantitative CT indices with differing properties in @entity401 evaluations. HAA% largely reflects physiologic impairments, whereas CA% corresponds with diagnosis and HRCT pattern. Of the CT indices examined, kurtosis constituted the strongest predictor of mortality.

title: Clinical impact of high-attenuation and @entity5409 on computed tomography in fibrotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity16058 :: (MESH:D054988,Disease) :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pharmacogenetic (PG) algorithms were proposed to predict @entity1229 therapeutic dose more accurately. However, the clinical efficacy of the strategy over the standard treatment was not consistently proven. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis of the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PG algorithm-based @entity1229 dosing (PG group) with clinical or standard protocols (STD group). The PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched up to June 2014. RESULTS: A total of 10 RCTs were retrieved for the meta-analysis with the inclusion of 2,601 @entity1 . Primary analysis showed both major @entity548 (2.65% versus 4.75%; RR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37- 0.90, P=0.02) and @entity1031 events (0.59% versus 1.88%; RR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.17-0.85, P=0.02) were significantly lower in PG than in STD group. There was a trend towards increased percentage of time in therapeutic range (%TTR) [mean difference (MD): 4.65, 95% CI: 0.01- 9.29, P=0.05] in PG group, but no difference was observed for over-anticoagulation (INR>4). Subgroup analyses showed significant @entity548 and @entity1031 events in PG group when the follow-up time was more than 1month. After stratified by different PG algorithms, significant major @entity548 reduction could be found in PG group when @entity1229 indication or co-medication of @entity2643 was integrated in the algorithms. CONCLUSION: PG algorithm-guided @entity1229 anticoagulation is beneficial for the @entity548 and @entity1031 events compared with standard dosing strategy. The benefits may be prominent in @entity1 with longer follow-up time, or guided by refined PG algorithms.

title: Clinical benefits of pharmacogenetic algorithm-based XXXX dosing: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'reduction of both major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: Midbrain @entity935 (DA) neurons are thought to be a critical node in the circuitry that mediates reward learning. DA neurons receive diverse inputs from regions distributed throughout the neuraxis from frontal neocortex to the mesencephalon. While a great deal is known about changes in the activity of individual DA neurons during learning, much less is known about the functional changes in the microcircuits in which DA neurons are embedded. Here we used local field potentials recorded from the midbrain of behaving @entity19 to show that the midbrain evoked potential ( @entity71529 ) faithfully reflects the temporal and spatial structure of the phasic response of midbrain neuron populations during conditioning. By comparing the @entity71529 to simultaneously recorded single units, we identified specific components of the @entity71529 that corresponded to phasic DA and non-DA responses to salient stimuli. The DA component of the @entity71529 emerged with the acquisition of a conditioned stimulus, was extinguished following changes in reinforcement contingency, and could be inhibited by pharmacological manipulations that attenuate the phasic responses of DA neurons. In contrast to single-unit recordings, the @entity71529 permitted relatively dense sampling of the midbrain circuit during conditioning and thus could be used to reveal the spatiotemporal structure of multiple intermingled midbrain circuits. Finally, the @entity71529 response was stable for months and thus provides a new approach to study long-term changes in the organization of ventral midbrain microcircuits during learning. Significance statement: Neurons that synthesize and release the neurotransmitter @entity935 play a critical role in voluntary reward-seeking behavior. Much of our insight into the function of @entity935 neurons comes from recordings of individual cells in behaving animals; however, it is notoriously difficult to record from @entity935 neurons due to their sparsity and depth, as well as the presence of intermingled non-dopaminergic neurons. Here we show that much of the information that can be learned from recordings of individual @entity935 and non- @entity935 neurons is also revealed by changes in specific components of the local field potential. This technique provides an accessible measurement that could prove critical to our burgeoning understanding of the molecular, functional, and anatomical diversity of neuron populations in the midbrain.

title: A Specific Component of the Evoked Potential Mirrors Phasic XXXX Neuron Activity during Conditioning.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bivalirudin has historically been considered an attractive anticoagulant during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) because of reduced @entity548 complications reported by early trials. Bivalirudin use during PCIs has been a subject of controversy because of conflicting data and recent findings. OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of @entity1 receiving bivalirudin to determine if an opportunity to improve use exists based on risk of procedure-related @entity548 . METHODS:: This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study (n = 100) of all adult @entity1 who received bivalirudin during cardiac catheterization at St John Hospital and Medical Center from June to August 2013. The risk of @entity548 complications associated with PCI was estimated using a clinical risk algorithm developed from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR). RESULTS: Treatment with bivalirudin was safe and effective. Of the 100 @entity1 who received bivalirudin, only 34% were identified as having a high risk of procedure-related @entity548 according to the NCDR clinical risk algorithm. There was no incidence of stent @entity715 noted and only 1 case of provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use. No episodes of Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) major @entity548 were noted in the study population; however, 1 @entity1 met TIMI minor @entity548 criteria. Limitations of this study include small sample size and retrospective nature of the study. CONCLUSION: Opportunities to establish a more cost-effective use of bivalirudin may exist through implementation of protocols incorporating the NCDR risk assessment model.

title: Evaluation of Procedure-Related Bleeding Risk in XXXX Receiving Bivalirudin During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: This study investigated the role of @entity38001 in the amelioration of @entity33 . C57BL/6 @entity19 were gavaged daily with @entity38001 600    g for 5   d prior to induction of @entity33 and throughout the experimental period. @entity33 was induced by @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ; 12.5   mg/kg; s.c.). @entity19 were culled on d 5 and d 11 after @entity1500 . The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected for @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ) activity, metallothionein (MT) levels, and histology. @entity38001 reduced histological severity scores by 75, 78, and 88% in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively, compared to @entity1500 -controls on d 5. @entity38001 reduced crypt depth by 49, 51, and 33% and increased villus height by 19, 38, and 10% in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively, compared to @entity1500 -controls on d 5. @entity38001 decreased MT by 50% compared to @entity1500 -control @entity19 on d 5. @entity38001 decreased @entity10873 by 60% and 30% in the duodenum and jejunum, respectively, compared to @entity1500 -controls on d 5. @entity38001 alleviated @entity1500 -induced small intestinal @entity33 possibly by preventing @entity32 .

title: Herbal substance, @entity38001 , alleviates intestinal XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis', 'mucositis']

entities_list: @entity38001 :: ('MESH:C058956', 'Chemical') :: ['Acteoside', 'acteoside']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucositis']


abstract: This study investigated the role of @entity38001 in the amelioration of @entity33 . C57BL/6 @entity19 were gavaged daily with @entity38001 600    g for 5   d prior to induction of @entity33 and throughout the experimental period. @entity33 was induced by @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ; 12.5   mg/kg; s.c.). @entity19 were culled on d 5 and d 11 after @entity1500 . The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected for @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ) activity, metallothionein (MT) levels, and histology. @entity38001 reduced histological severity scores by 75, 78, and 88% in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively, compared to @entity1500 -controls on d 5. @entity38001 reduced crypt depth by 49, 51, and 33% and increased villus height by 19, 38, and 10% in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively, compared to @entity1500 -controls on d 5. @entity38001 decreased MT by 50% compared to @entity1500 -control @entity19 on d 5. @entity38001 decreased @entity10873 by 60% and 30% in the duodenum and jejunum, respectively, compared to @entity1500 -controls on d 5. @entity38001 alleviated @entity1500 -induced small intestinal @entity33 possibly by preventing @entity32 .

title: Herbal substance, XXXX , alleviates intestinal @entity33 in @entity19 .

answer: @entity38001 :: (MESH:C058956,Chemical) :: ['acteoside']


abstract: This study investigated the role of @entity38001 in the amelioration of @entity33 . C57BL/6 @entity19 were gavaged daily with @entity38001 600    g for 5   d prior to induction of @entity33 and throughout the experimental period. @entity33 was induced by @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ; 12.5   mg/kg; s.c.). @entity19 were culled on d 5 and d 11 after @entity1500 . The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected for @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ) activity, metallothionein (MT) levels, and histology. @entity38001 reduced histological severity scores by 75, 78, and 88% in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively, compared to @entity1500 -controls on d 5. @entity38001 reduced crypt depth by 49, 51, and 33% and increased villus height by 19, 38, and 10% in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively, compared to @entity1500 -controls on d 5. @entity38001 decreased MT by 50% compared to @entity1500 -control @entity19 on d 5. @entity38001 decreased @entity10873 by 60% and 30% in the duodenum and jejunum, respectively, compared to @entity1500 -controls on d 5. @entity38001 alleviated @entity1500 -induced small intestinal @entity33 possibly by preventing @entity32 .

title: Herbal substance, @entity38001 , alleviates intestinal @entity33 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Incidence of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) of spleen is a rare entity and isolated @entity23047 is an unusual phenomenon, especially in immunocompetent individuals. We came across a case of 63-year-old male who presented with high grade fever, loss of weight, and generalized weakness of one-month duration. When physically examined, he had pallor and moderate nontender @entity381 without any other significant clinical findings. He had @entity3043 , elevated ESR, and positive Mantoux test. Ultrasonography and CT scan of abdomen showed @entity381 without any other relevant findings. Markers of connective tissue disorders and @entity236 and biopsy all were noncontributory for diagnosis. Hence splenic biopsy was done and sent for histopathological examination. Presence of caseation surrounded by epitheloid granulomas and Langerhans cells was suggestive of diagnosis as @entity378 . And gene probe for the AFB (acid fast bacilli) came to be positive. No primary focus was present in either lungs or other organs. @entity1 improved clinically with antitubercular treatment.

title: Isolated XXXX without Any Radiological Focal Lesion.

entities_list: @entity23047 :: ('MESH:D014400', 'Disease') :: ['splenic tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspiration']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity23047 :: (MESH:D014400,Disease) :: ['Splenic Tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the non-obstetric causes and presentation of acute abdomen among pregnant @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional hospital-based study among 128 pregnant @entity1 by face to face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire. This study was conducted at the Gynecology _ Obstetric Ward of 250 Bed General Hospital, Noakhali, Bangladesh, from January to August 2013. Data were analyzed by a software package used for statistical analysis (SPSS) version 11.5 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: Mean age of @entity1 was 25  4 years. Our findings showed that 81% were Muslim, 67% were lower middle income group, as well as 47% completed primary level of education. The results revealed that 28% had @entity2329 , 24% had peptic @entity1066 and 10% had @entity293 . We also found that 6% had acute @entity2885 , 6% had @entity697 , 6% had acute @entity2679 , 6% had @entity697 , 2% had acute @entity788 , 3% had choledocolithiasis, 2% had ovarian solid mass, 2% had twisted @entity42 , 4% had renal colic, and 1% had @entity1290 . In non-obstetrical presentation of acute abdomen, the study found that 84% of respondents complained their @entity158 lasting more than 24 hours. Besides, half of respondents felt @entity158 in epigastrium and @entity4265 . Cramping, prickling and aching type of @entity158 were more, while 66% suffered from @entity158 . Our results also showed that 73% did not explain any aggravating factor and relieving factor, and the rest said food, fasting state and position change aggravated @entity158 as well as relieved @entity158 . CONCLUSION: The study concludes that precise diagnosis of the acute abdomen in pregnant @entity1 by continual updating of abdominal assessment knowledge, and clinical skills is necessary in the management of @entity490 in obstetric settings.

title: Non Obstetric Causes and Presentation of Acute Abdomen among the Pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2329 :: ('MESH:D001196', 'Disease') :: ['biliary ascariasis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculus']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'continuous pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right hypochondrium']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['lower urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: Domestic mite species like @entity8786 induce @entity566 in @entity1 worldwide. Here, the cDNA coding for group 21 allergen of @entity8786 (Hughes; Acari: Pyroglyphidae) from China was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in @entity526 to aid in the development of diagnostic and treatment options for domestic mite @entity56 . First, the Der f 21 cDNA fragment was synthesized by RT-PCR; the confirmed full-length sequence comprised 411 nucleotides. The cDNA was ligated to the vector pCold-TF to construct an expression plasmid, pCold-TF-Der f 21. pCold-Tf-Der f 21 was transformed into @entity13724 cells, and its expression was induced by IPTG treatment. SDS-PAGE showed a specific band at the predicted molecular weight of Der f 21, demonstrating its successful expression. The recombinant fusion protein was obtained and its structure and molecular weight were confirmed by MALDI- @entity215 / @entity215 . Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the protein contained a signal peptide of 17 amino acids. The molecular weight of the mature Der f 21 allergen was approximately 14.16 kDa with a theoretical pI of 4.87. Its predicted secondary structure comprises a-helix (84.03%), extension chain (1.68%), and random coil (14.29%). The successful cloning of Der f 21 and a basic bioinformatics analysis of the protein provide a foundation for further study of this allergen in diagnosis and treatment of domestic mite @entity56 .

title: Cloning, expression, and analysis of a cDNA coding for the XXXX group 21 (Der f 21) allergen.

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity8786 :: (6954,Species) :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']


abstract: Background. @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) is a @entity74 characterized by varying clinical presentations. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine urban and rural differences in the burden of @entity3610 among Indian adolescent females aged 12 to 19 years. Methods. A pilot cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one month (August-September 2013) at Balaji Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. The final sample included 126 study @entity1 located in various urban (50%, n = 63) and rural (50%, n = 63) settings. Information was gathered on sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, clinical history, occurrence of @entity5477 and @entity3427 , serum @entity251 levels, obstetric history, family history of @entity102 , menstrual history, physical activity, and dietary intake. Results. Eighteen percent of the @entity1 were confirmed of having @entity3610 by recent guidelines of Rotterdam Consensus for adolescent diagnosis of @entity3610 ( @entity17182 ). Majority of the individuals with @entity3610 had an average age of 16 (SD = 2) (P = .02) years with an average age of menarche 12 years (SD = 1). Conclusion. The proportion of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3610 was higher among urban @entity1 in comparison to rural @entity1 .

title: Urban Rural Comparisons of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Burden among Adolescent XXXX in a Hospital Setting in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['Polycystic ovarian syndrome', 'polycystic ovarian syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity17182 :: ('MESH:C535314', 'Disease') :: ['presence of all three elements']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['multifaceted disorder']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Girls']


abstract: Objective. To investigate the feasibility of an automated framework for estimating the @entity2 locations for @entity5 -based @entity1 positioning with megavolt-cone-beam computed tomography (MV-CBCT) during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Methods. A lung screening phantom and ten @entity2 cases with solid @entity2 , who were treated with SBRT, were employed to this study. The locations of @entity5 in MV-CBCT images were estimated using a @entity5 -template matching technique between a @entity5 template and the MV-CBCT. Tumor templates were produced by cropping the gross @entity5 volume (GTV) regions, which were enhanced by a Sobel filter or a @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) filter. @entity5 locations (grand truth) were determined based on a consensus between a radiation oncologist and a medical physicist. Results. According to the results of the phantom study, the average Euclidean distances of the location errors in the original, Sobel-filtered, and @entity2383 -filtered images were 2.0    4.1   mm, 12.8    9.4   mm, and 0.4    0.5   mm, respectively. For clinical cases, these were 3.4    7.1   mm, 7.2    11.6   mm, and 1.6    1.2   mm, respectively. Conclusion. The feasibility study suggests that our proposed framework based on the @entity2383 filter may be a useful tool for @entity5 -based @entity1 positioning in SBRT.

title: Feasibility study of automated framework for estimating XXXX locations for target-based @entity1 positioning in stereotactic body radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Reference tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['blob structure enhancement', 'BSE']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumor']


abstract: Objective. To investigate the feasibility of an automated framework for estimating the @entity2 locations for @entity5 -based @entity1 positioning with megavolt-cone-beam computed tomography (MV-CBCT) during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Methods. A lung screening phantom and ten @entity2 cases with solid @entity2 , who were treated with SBRT, were employed to this study. The locations of @entity5 in MV-CBCT images were estimated using a @entity5 -template matching technique between a @entity5 template and the MV-CBCT. Tumor templates were produced by cropping the gross @entity5 volume (GTV) regions, which were enhanced by a Sobel filter or a @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) filter. @entity5 locations (grand truth) were determined based on a consensus between a radiation oncologist and a medical physicist. Results. According to the results of the phantom study, the average Euclidean distances of the location errors in the original, Sobel-filtered, and @entity2383 -filtered images were 2.0    4.1   mm, 12.8    9.4   mm, and 0.4    0.5   mm, respectively. For clinical cases, these were 3.4    7.1   mm, 7.2    11.6   mm, and 1.6    1.2   mm, respectively. Conclusion. The feasibility study suggests that our proposed framework based on the @entity2383 filter may be a useful tool for @entity5 -based @entity1 positioning in SBRT.

title: Feasibility study of automated framework for estimating @entity2 locations for target-based XXXX positioning in stereotactic body radiotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to extract the ingredients from leaves of @entity2708 (Bt @entity2708 ) using different solvents and evaluate for potential use to control different larval stages of mosquito species, @entity4224 and Anopheles stephensi. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative estimation of ingredients from Go. hirsutum (Bt) plant extract was carried out and their inhibitory action against mosquito larvae was determined using mosquito larvicidal assay. RESULTS: LC50 values of water, @entity1068 , @entity1046 and @entity4315 extracts for Ae. aegypti were 211.73  21.49, 241.64  19.92, 358.07  32.43, 401.03  36.19 and 232.56  26.00, 298.54  21.78, 366.50  30.59, 387.19  31.82 for 4(th) instar of An. stephensi, respectively. The water extract displayed lowest LC50 value followed by @entity1068 , @entity1046 and @entity4315 . Owing to the comparatively better activity of water extract, its efficacy was further evaluated for mosquito larvicidal activity, which exhibited LC50 values of 133.95  12.79, 167.65  11.34 against 2(nd) and 3(rd) instars of Ae. aegypti and 145.48  11.76, 188.10  12.92 against 2(nd) and 3(rd) instars of An. stephensi, respectively. Crude protein from the water extract was precipitated using @entity1324 and tested against 2(nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi. It revealed further decrease in LC50 values as @entity71530 (nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi, respectively. CONCLUSION: Leaves extracts of Go. hirsutum (Bt) is potential mosquito larvicide and can be used as a potent alternative to chemical insecticides in integrated pest management.

title: Mosquito Larvicidal Potential of XXXX (Bt @entity2708 ) Leaves Extracts against @entity4224 and Anopheles stephensi larvae.

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity2708 :: ('3635', 'Species') :: ['cotton', 'Gossypium hirsutum']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['Gossypium hirsutum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to extract the ingredients from leaves of @entity2708 (Bt @entity2708 ) using different solvents and evaluate for potential use to control different larval stages of mosquito species, @entity4224 and Anopheles stephensi. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative estimation of ingredients from Go. hirsutum (Bt) plant extract was carried out and their inhibitory action against mosquito larvae was determined using mosquito larvicidal assay. RESULTS: LC50 values of water, @entity1068 , @entity1046 and @entity4315 extracts for Ae. aegypti were 211.73  21.49, 241.64  19.92, 358.07  32.43, 401.03  36.19 and 232.56  26.00, 298.54  21.78, 366.50  30.59, 387.19  31.82 for 4(th) instar of An. stephensi, respectively. The water extract displayed lowest LC50 value followed by @entity1068 , @entity1046 and @entity4315 . Owing to the comparatively better activity of water extract, its efficacy was further evaluated for mosquito larvicidal activity, which exhibited LC50 values of 133.95  12.79, 167.65  11.34 against 2(nd) and 3(rd) instars of Ae. aegypti and 145.48  11.76, 188.10  12.92 against 2(nd) and 3(rd) instars of An. stephensi, respectively. Crude protein from the water extract was precipitated using @entity1324 and tested against 2(nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi. It revealed further decrease in LC50 values as @entity71530 (nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi, respectively. CONCLUSION: Leaves extracts of Go. hirsutum (Bt) is potential mosquito larvicide and can be used as a potent alternative to chemical insecticides in integrated pest management.

title: Mosquito Larvicidal Potential of @entity2708 (Bt XXXX ) Leaves Extracts against @entity4224 and Anopheles stephensi larvae.

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['cotton']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to extract the ingredients from leaves of @entity2708 (Bt @entity2708 ) using different solvents and evaluate for potential use to control different larval stages of mosquito species, @entity4224 and Anopheles stephensi. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative estimation of ingredients from Go. hirsutum (Bt) plant extract was carried out and their inhibitory action against mosquito larvae was determined using mosquito larvicidal assay. RESULTS: LC50 values of water, @entity1068 , @entity1046 and @entity4315 extracts for Ae. aegypti were 211.73  21.49, 241.64  19.92, 358.07  32.43, 401.03  36.19 and 232.56  26.00, 298.54  21.78, 366.50  30.59, 387.19  31.82 for 4(th) instar of An. stephensi, respectively. The water extract displayed lowest LC50 value followed by @entity1068 , @entity1046 and @entity4315 . Owing to the comparatively better activity of water extract, its efficacy was further evaluated for mosquito larvicidal activity, which exhibited LC50 values of 133.95  12.79, 167.65  11.34 against 2(nd) and 3(rd) instars of Ae. aegypti and 145.48  11.76, 188.10  12.92 against 2(nd) and 3(rd) instars of An. stephensi, respectively. Crude protein from the water extract was precipitated using @entity1324 and tested against 2(nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi. It revealed further decrease in LC50 values as @entity71530 (nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi, respectively. CONCLUSION: Leaves extracts of Go. hirsutum (Bt) is potential mosquito larvicide and can be used as a potent alternative to chemical insecticides in integrated pest management.

title: Mosquito Larvicidal Potential of @entity2708 (Bt @entity2708 ) Leaves Extracts against XXXX and Anopheles stephensi larvae.

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: Definitive diagnosis of primary @entity5201 (PH) currently utilizes sequential Sanger sequencing of the @entity12297 , GRPHR, and @entity49814 genes but efficacy is unproven. This analysis is time-consuming, relatively expensive, and delays in diagnosis and inappropriate treatment can occur if not pursued early in the diagnostic work-up. We reviewed testing outcomes of Sanger sequencing in 200 consecutive @entity1 samples referred for analysis. In addition, the Illumina Truseq custom amplicon system was evaluated for paralleled next-generation sequencing (NGS) of @entity12297 , @entity71531 , and @entity49814 in 90 known PH @entity1 . @entity12297 sequencing was requested in all @entity1 , permitting a diagnosis of PH1 in 50%. All remaining @entity1 underwent targeted exon sequencing of @entity71531 and @entity49814 with 8% diagnosed with PH2 and 8% with PH3. Complete sequencing of both @entity71531 and @entity49814 was not requested in 25% of @entity1 referred leaving their diagnosis in doubt. NGS analysis showed 98% agreement with Sanger sequencing and both approaches had 100% diagnostic specificity. Diagnostic sensitivity of Sanger sequencing was 98% and for NGS it was 97%. NGS has comparable diagnostic performance to Sanger sequencing for the diagnosis of PH and, if implemented, would screen for all forms of PH simultaneously ensuring prompt diagnosis at decreased cost.

title: Performance evaluation of Sanger sequencing for the diagnosis of primary XXXX and comparison with targeted next generation sequencing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5201 :: ('MESH:D006959', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxaluria']

answer: @entity5201 :: (MESH:D006959,Disease) :: ['hyperoxaluria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to identify the risk factors associated with the need for inpatient rehabilitation after @entity6250 to develop a predictive scoring tool for early identification of such @entity1 . METHODS: We followed a prospective cohort of @entity1 admitted to a level 1 @entity130 centre. Data were collected through chart review and a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographics, @entity1 living environment, pretrauma status, injury and treatment received. We compared @entity1 who were discharged home with those going to rehabilitation after acute care. Analysis consisted of bivariate comparisons and logistic regression. RESULTS: Our study included 160 @entity1 with a mean age of 56 years. A total of 40% were discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation centre. Factors associated with inpatient rehabilitation were low preinjury physical health status, concomitant injury of the upper limbs, bilateral @entity6250 , the use of a walking aid before injury, @entity542 . We created a predictive score using the top 3 risk factors: @entity3140 , bilateral @entity6250 and presence of femoral or pelvic @entity174 . The chance of needing inpatient rehabilitation rose from 14% with 0 factors to 47% with 1 factor and 96% with 2 factors. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation planning should begin for @entity1 exhibiting at least of 3 risk factors at the time of admission to acute care. Prospective validation of the tool is needed, but it has the potential to orient the multidisciplinary team's decision on rehabilitation needs postdischarge.

title: Rehabilitation after XXXX : development of a predictive score (RALLI score).

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury and femur or pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb injury']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb injury']

answer: @entity6250 :: (MESH:D038061,Disease) :: ['lower limb injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Entonox is a 50   :   50 combination of @entity3810 and @entity26 , which may be used to manage @entity158 during colonoscopy. The optimal mode of Entonox administration is unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to compare continuous and as-required Entonox use. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 attending for screening colonoscopy at a single centre were randomized to continuous or as-required Entonox use. The primary outcome measure was the @entity1 's overall @entity158 rating at the time of discharge (verbally administered numerical ratings scale, 0=no @entity158 and 10=extreme @entity158 ). Secondary outcome measures included the @entity1 ' experience of @entity158 during the colonoscopy (rated every 2   min), side effects and the need for rescue intravenous medications. RESULTS: A total of 108 @entity1 were randomized, and 100 completed the study (46 continuous, 54 as required). The overall @entity158 scores at discharge did not differ between those who used Entonox continuously and as required (mean=2.4 vs. 3.2, P=0.08). There were also no differences in the experience of @entity158 during colonoscopy (mean=1.8 vs. 2.2, P=0.28; peak=4.2 vs. 4.8, P=0.26; and area under curve=23 vs. 30, P=0.24). @entity1 with high anxiety had greater overall @entity158 scores (mean=3.7 vs. 2.4, P=0.03). Light @entity1296 occurred more often with continuous Entonox use (48 vs. 21%, P=0.009). CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 attending for screening colonoscopy, comfort ratings were similar in those using Entonox continuously and as required, but light @entity1296 was more common with continuous use (NCT identifier: 01865721).

title: A randomized controlled trial comparing continuous and as-required XXXX use during screening colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['headedness']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Reoperation for @entity259 recurrence is a surgical challenge in previously dissected necks, and there is a need for a reliable procedure for surgeon guidance. In this study, the usefulness of preoperative charcoal tattooing for surgical guidance was evaluated. Methods: From July 2007 to May 2010, 53 @entity1 (40 females; Mage=44 years, range 19-76 years) were prospectively included for preoperative localization of neck recurrences from differentiated (n=46) or @entity259 (n=7). Preoperative cytological assessment was performed for at least one lesion in each @entity1 . Ultrasound (US) imaging was performed with high-frequency probes (8-14   Mhz). Micronized peat charcoal (0.5-3   mL) was injected under US guidance using a 25 gauge needle, 0-15 days preoperatively. Results: A total of 106 lesions were selected for charcoal tattooing. Of these, 101 had been tattooed, and 102 were removed (85 metastases, 17 benign on pathology). The tolerance of charcoal injection was good in all but three @entity1 . A mean volume of 1   mL of charcoal was injected with a mean of two targets per @entity1 . Charcoal labeling facilitated intraoperative detection in 56 "difficult" lesions (i.e., small size, dense @entity82 , anatomical pitfalls), and charcoal trace facilitated intraoperative guidance in 17 lesions. Feasibility and usefulness rates were 83% and 70.7% respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that charcoal tattooing under US guidance is an easy to implement, safe, and useful procedure for surgeon guidance in neck reoperation for @entity259 .

title: Preoperative Localization of Neck Recurrences from XXXX : Charcoal Tattooing Under Ultrasound Guidance.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'medullary thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The first aim was to determine whether @entity1 are being treated in accordance with the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and the @entity166 Society of America (IDSA/SHEA) @entity2718 guidelines and whether adherence impacts @entity1 outcomes. The second aim was to identify specific action items in the guidelines that are not being translated into clinical practice, for their subsequent implementation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted over a 36 month period, on @entity1 with compatible clinical symptoms and positive test for @entity2718 toxins A and/or B in stool samples, in an internal medicine department of a tertiary medical centre. @entity1 demographic and clinical data (outcomes, comorbidity, risk factors) and compliance with guidelines, were examined RESULTS: A total of 77 @entity1 with @entity2718 infection were identified (87 episodes). Stratified by disease severity criteria, 49.3% of @entity1 were mild-moderate, 35.1% severe, and 15.6% severe-complicated. Full adherence with the guidelines was observed in only 40.2% of @entity1 , and was significantly better for mild-moderate (71.0%), than in severe (7.4%) or severe-complicated @entity1 (16.6%) (P<.003). Adherence was significantly associated with clinical cure (57% vs 42%), fewer recurrences (22.2% vs 77.7%), and mortality (25% vs 75%) (P<.01). The stratification of severity of the episode, and the adequacy of antibiotic to clinical severity, need improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Overall adherence with the guidelines for management of @entity2718 infection was poor, especially in severe and severe-complicated @entity1 , being associated with worse clinical outcomes. Educational interventions aimed at improving guideline adherence are warranted.

title: [Identifying gaps between guidelines and clinical practice in XXXX infection].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Diseases']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity25443 ( @entity25443 ) is an important cause of @entity204 in the cat population worldwide. The ante-mortem diagnosis of @entity25443 in clinical cases is still challenging. In @entity468 without effusion, a definitive diagnosis can only be achieved post mortem or with invasive methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a combined reverse transcriptase nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) and sequencing approach in the diagnosis of @entity25443 , detecting mutations at two different @entity4334 positions within the spike (S) gene. METHODS: The study population consisted of 64 @entity468 with confirmed @entity25443 and 63 @entity468 in which @entity25443 was initially suspected due to similar clinical or laboratory signs, but that were definitively diagnosed with another disease. Serum/plasma and/or effusion samples of these @entity468 were examined for @entity25444 (FCoV) RNA by RT-nPCR and, if positive, PCR products were sequenced for @entity4334 transitions within the S gene. RESULTS: Specificity of RT-nPCR was 100% in all materials (95% confidence interval [CI] in serum/plasma 83.9-100.0; 95% CI in effusion 93.0-100.0). The specificity of the sequencing step could not be determined as none of the @entity468 of the control group tested positive for FCoV RNA. Sensitivity of the 'combined RT-nPCR and sequencing approach' was 6.5% (95% CI 0.8-21.4) in serum/plasma and 65.3% (95% CI 50.4-78.3) in effusion. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: A positive result is highly indicative of the presence of @entity25443 , but as none of the control @entity468 tested positive by RT-nPCR, it was not possible to confirm that the FCoV mutant described can only be found in @entity468 with @entity25443 . Further studies are necessary to evaluate the usefulness of the sequencing step including FCoV-RNA-positive @entity468 with and without @entity25443 . A negative result cannot be used to exclude the disease, especially not when only serum/plasma samples are available.

title: Detection of XXXX spike gene mutations as a tool to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis.

entities_list: @entity25443 :: ('MESH:D016766', 'Disease') :: ['FIP', 'Feline infectious peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity25444 :: ('12663', 'Species') :: ['feline coronavirus']

answer: @entity25444 :: (12663,Species) :: ['feline coronavirus']


abstract: Objective. To determine the degree of liking of the Oportunidades programme dietary supplements (DS) -purees and beverages- added with different @entity68 salts (IS): reduced @entity68 (RI), @entity20150 (FS) or @entity33982 (FF) during 24 weeks of storage. Materials and methods. The DS were evaluated through a hedonic scale for aroma, flavour and colour attributes; at time zero and every eight weeks, each panel member evaluated three DS with same flavour and presentation but different IS. Seventy @entity1 participated as panel members. Results. The @entity6353 and banana DS exhibited a change in preference by colour and flavour due to storage. DS with FS or RI showed the least preference by flavour and colour in the context of the three IS considered. The @entity6353 and neutral DS enriched with FS changed their colour and flavour. Conclusion. DS were, in general, well-liked; nonetheless, for purees enriched with FS and for beverages enriched with RI, the less-liked attributes were colour and flavour.

title: Sensory evaluation of dairy supplements enriched with reduced @entity68 , @entity20150 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity20150 :: ('MESH:C020748', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrous sulphate']

entities_list: @entity33982 :: ('MESH:C031621', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrous fumarate']

answer: @entity33982 :: (MESH:C031621,Chemical) :: ['ferrous fumarate']


abstract: Objective. To determine the degree of liking of the Oportunidades programme dietary supplements (DS) -purees and beverages- added with different @entity68 salts (IS): reduced @entity68 (RI), @entity20150 (FS) or @entity33982 (FF) during 24 weeks of storage. Materials and methods. The DS were evaluated through a hedonic scale for aroma, flavour and colour attributes; at time zero and every eight weeks, each panel member evaluated three DS with same flavour and presentation but different IS. Seventy @entity1 participated as panel members. Results. The @entity6353 and banana DS exhibited a change in preference by colour and flavour due to storage. DS with FS or RI showed the least preference by flavour and colour in the context of the three IS considered. The @entity6353 and neutral DS enriched with FS changed their colour and flavour. Conclusion. DS were, in general, well-liked; nonetheless, for purees enriched with FS and for beverages enriched with RI, the less-liked attributes were colour and flavour.

title: Sensory evaluation of dairy supplements enriched with reduced XXXX , @entity20150 or @entity33982 .

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: Objective. To determine the degree of liking of the Oportunidades programme dietary supplements (DS) -purees and beverages- added with different @entity68 salts (IS): reduced @entity68 (RI), @entity20150 (FS) or @entity33982 (FF) during 24 weeks of storage. Materials and methods. The DS were evaluated through a hedonic scale for aroma, flavour and colour attributes; at time zero and every eight weeks, each panel member evaluated three DS with same flavour and presentation but different IS. Seventy @entity1 participated as panel members. Results. The @entity6353 and banana DS exhibited a change in preference by colour and flavour due to storage. DS with FS or RI showed the least preference by flavour and colour in the context of the three IS considered. The @entity6353 and neutral DS enriched with FS changed their colour and flavour. Conclusion. DS were, in general, well-liked; nonetheless, for purees enriched with FS and for beverages enriched with RI, the less-liked attributes were colour and flavour.

title: Sensory evaluation of dairy supplements enriched with reduced @entity68 , XXXX or @entity33982 .

answer: @entity20150 :: (MESH:C020748,Chemical) :: ['ferrous sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The filamentous fungus @entity11150 encounters @entity505 starvation in nature as well as during industrial fermentations. In response, regulatory networks initiate and control autolysis and sporulation. @entity1735 -active enzymes play an important role in these processes, for example by modifying cell walls during spore cell wall biogenesis or in cell wall degradation connected to autolysis. RESULTS: In this study, we used developmental mutants (  flbA and   brlA) which are characterized by an aconidial phenotype when grown on a plate, but also in bioreactor-controlled submerged cultivations during @entity505 starvation. By comparing the transcriptomes, proteomes, enzyme activities and the fungal cell wall compositions of a wild type A. @entity3456 and these developmental mutants during @entity505 starvation, a global overview of the function of @entity1735 -active enzymes is provided. Seven genes encoding @entity1735 -active enzymes, including cfcA, were expressed during starvation in all strains; they may encode enzymes involved in cell wall recycling. Genes expressed in the wild-type during starvation, but not in the developmental mutants are likely involved in conidiogenesis. Eighteen of such genes were identified, including characterized sporulation-specific chitinases and An15g02350, member of the recently identified @entity1735 -active enzyme family AA11. Eight of the eighteen genes were also expressed, independent of FlbA or BrlA, in vegetative mycelium, indicating that they also have a role during vegetative growth. The   flbA strain had a reduced specific growth rate, an increased chitin content of the cell wall and specific expression of genes that are induced in response to cell wall stress, indicating that integrity of the cell wall of strain   flbA is reduced. CONCLUSION: The combination of the developmental mutants   flbA and   brlA resulted in the identification of enzymes involved in cell wall recycling and sporulation-specific cell wall modification, which contributes to understanding cell wall remodeling mechanisms during development.

title: Systems Approaches to Predict the Functions of Glycoside Hydrolases during the Life Cycle of XXXX Using Developmental Mutants    brlA and    flbA.

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3456 :: ('4230', 'Species') :: ['niger strain']

answer: @entity11150 :: (5061,Species) :: ['Aspergillus niger']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : Bone tissue engineering via endochondral ossification has been explored by chondrogenically priming cells using soluble mediators for at least 3 weeks to produce a @entity1184 cartilage template. Although recapitulation of endochondral ossification has been achieved, long-term in vitro culture is required for priming cells through repeated supplementation of inductive factors in the media. To address this challenge, a microparticle-based growth factor delivery system was engineered to drive endochondral ossification within @entity1 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aggregates. Sequential exogenous presentation of soluble @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and @entity1841 ( @entity1841 ) at various defined time courses resulted in varying degrees of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis as demonstrated by glycosaminoglycan and @entity460 content. The time course that best induced endochondral ossification was used to guide the development of the microparticle-based controlled delivery system for @entity2533 and @entity1841 . Gelatin microparticles capable of relatively rapid release of @entity2533 and mineral-coated @entity692 microparticles permitting more sustained release of @entity1841 were then incorporated within hMSC aggregates and cultured for 5 weeks following the predetermined time course for sequential presentation of bioactive signals. Compared with cell-only aggregates treated with exogenous growth factors, aggregates with incorporated @entity2533 - and @entity1841 -loaded microparticles exhibited enhanced chondrogenesis and alkaline phosphatase activity at week 2 and a greater degree of mineralization by week 5. Staining for types I and II collagen, osteopontin, and osteocalcin revealed the presence of cartilage and bone. This microparticle-incorporated system has potential as a readily implantable therapy for healing @entity79 without the need for long-term in vitro chondrogenic priming. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates the regulation of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis with regard to endochondral bone formation in high-density stem cell systems through the controlled presentation of inductive factors from incorporated microparticles. This work lays the foundation for a rapidly implantable tissue engineering system that promotes bone repair via endochondral ossification, a pathway that can delay the need for a functional vascular network and has an intrinsic ability to promote angiogenesis. The modular nature of this system lends well to using different cell types and/or growth factors to induce endochondral bone formation, as well as the production of other tissue types.

title: Controlled Dual Growth Factor Delivery From Microparticles Incorporated Within XXXX Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates for Enhanced Bone Tissue Engineering via Endochondral Ossification.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['BMP-2', 'bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. To examine the variations of risk-estimates of radiation-induced @entity1375 ( @entity1375 ) from our previously developed normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model in @entity1 with @entity213 ( @entity213 ) in relation to variability of delineation of the thyroid gland. @entity1 and methods. In a previous study for development of an NTCP model for @entity1375 , the thyroid gland was delineated in 246 treatment plans of @entity1 with @entity213 . Fifty of these plans were randomly chosen for re-delineation for a study of the intra- and inter-observer variability of thyroid volume, Dmean and estimated risk of @entity1375 . Bland-Altman plots were used for assessment of the systematic (mean) and random [standard deviation (SD)] variability of the three parameters, and a method for displaying the spatial variation in delineation differences was developed. Results. Intra-observer variability resulted in a mean difference in thyroid volume and Dmean of 0.4 cm(3) (SD    1.6) and -0.5 Gy (SD    1.0), respectively, and 0.3 cm(3) (SD    1.8) and 0.0 Gy (SD    1.3) for inter-observer variability. The corresponding mean differences of NTCP values for radiation-induced @entity1375 due to intra- and inter-observer variations were insignificantly small, -0.4% (SD    6.0) and -0.7% (SD    4.8), respectively, but as the SDs show, for some @entity1 the difference in estimated NTCP was large. Conclusion. For the entire study population, the variation in predicted risk of radiation-induced @entity1375 in @entity135 was small and our NTCP model was robust against observer variations in delineation of the thyroid gland. However, for the individual @entity1 , there may be large differences in estimated risk which calls for precise delineation of the thyroid gland to obtain correct dose and NTCP estimates for optimized treatment planning in the individual @entity1 .

title: Variation of normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) estimates of radiation-induced XXXX in relation to changes in delineation of the thyroid gland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early recognition of symptoms is important in the management of @entity716 . Caregivers understanding and attribution of symptoms plays a major role in treatment selection. AIM: The aim was to identify the various symptoms cluster recognized by caregivers at illness onset in first episode @entity161 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study 40 key caregivers of @entity1 with first episode of @entity161 (International Classification of Diseases-10) attending the outpatient services of @entity161 Research Foundation were recruited. Caregivers were assessed using a questionnaire adapted from the Psychiatric and Personal History Schedule. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Principal component (PCP) analysis. RESULTS: Caregivers were predominantly @entity1 . Parents (58%), siblings (18%), spouse (12%), and @entity1 (12%) formed the sample. The caregiver easily recognized depressive symptoms. An analysis was done to analyze symptom data rated on the caregiver questionnaire indicated a four-factor solution. PCP analysis produced a clear depressive, anxious, irritable, and vegetative factor (Eigenvalue >0.05). Caregivers (40%) attributed present lifestyle as causality. The first contact of help in almost half of the sample (45%) was to a @entity146 facility. CONCLUSION: Caregiver's perception about @entity1032 and ability to identify the four factors has important treatment implications. Studying patterns of help seeking may be a useful strategy in early intervention programs.

title: Symptoms at Onset in First Episode XXXX : Caregivers Perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plant-derived compounds have been used clinically to treat type 2 @entity6 for many years as they also exert additional beneficial effects on various other disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible mechanism of anti- @entity6 activity of twelve (seven Australian Aboriginal and five Indian Ayurvedic) plant extracts. METHODS: The ethanolic plant extracts were investigated for @entity413 uptake and adipogenesis in @entity19 3T3-L1 adipocytes. @entity137 studies were also carried out against two cancerous cell lines, HeLa and A549, to investigate the potential anti- @entity5 activities of the extracts. RESULTS: Of the seven Australian Aboriginal plant extracts tested, only Acacia kempeana and Santalum spicatum stimulated @entity413 uptake in adipocytes. Among the five Indian Ayurvedic plant extracts, only Curculigo orchioides enhanced @entity413 uptake. With respect to adipogenesis, the Australian plants Acacia tetragonophylla, Beyeria leshnaultii and Euphorbia drumondii and the Indian plants Pterocarpus marsupium, Andrographis paniculata and Curculigo orchioides reduced lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes. Extracts of Acacia kempeana and Acacia tetragonophylla showed potent and specific activity against HeLa cells. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the plant extracts exert their anti- @entity6 properties by different mechanisms, including the stimulation of @entity413 uptake in adipocytes, inhibition of adipogenesis or both. Apart from their anti- @entity6 activities, some of the extracts have potential for the development of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Exploring the anti- XXXX potential of Australian Aboriginal and Indian Ayurvedic plant extracts using cell-based assays.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To investigate perceptions of minority pregnant @entity1 and providers about @entity28 and gestational weight gain (GWG), and to explore strategies to improve management of @entity28 in pregnancy with an emphasis on group prenatal care. Sixteen primarily non-Hispanic black pregnant @entity1 with a body mass index  >=   30  kg/m(2) and 19 prenatal care providers participated in focus groups. Discussion topics included GWG goals, body image, health behaviors, and group prenatal care with additional emphasis on provider training needs. @entity1 frequently stated a GWG goal >20  lbs. @entity1 described a body image not in line with clinical recommendations ("200 pounds is not that big."). They avoided the term " @entity28 ". They were interested in learning about nutrition and culturally-acceptable healthy cooking. @entity1 would enjoy massage and exercise in group settings, though definitions of "exercise" varied. Family members could help, but generational differences posed challenges. Most had to "encourage myself" and "do this for me and the baby". Providers expressed discomfort discussing GWG and difficulty finding the right words for @entity28 , which was partially attributed to their own weight. They noted the challenges they faced during prenatal care including time constraints, cultural myths, and system issues. Providers considered a group setting with social support an ideal environment to address health behaviors in @entity28 @entity1 . Culturally-tailored programs that use acceptable terms for @entity28 , provide education regarding healthy eating and safe exercise, and encourage support from social networks may be effective in addressing GWG in @entity28 minority @entity1 . Provider training in communication skills is necessary to address @entity28 in pregnancy.

title: Obesity in Pregnancy: A Qualitative Approach to Inform an Intervention for XXXX and Providers.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Programmes for lifestyle change are aimed at improving health but little is known about their effectiveness in clinical settings. The Veterans Health Administration (VA) MOVE! lifestyle change programme is the largest in the USA. We investigated whether participation in MOVE! is associated with reduced incidence of @entity6 . METHODS: We did a retrospective observational analysis of data from VA databases in overweight @entity1 and @entity28 @entity1 with a @entity353 who had undergone at least 3 years of continuous outpatient care in 2005-12. We used generalised estimating equations to assess characteristics associated with MOVE! participation, and Cox's proportional hazards regression to analyse the association between participation and @entity6 incidence. FINDINGS: Of 1  8 million eligible individuals, 238   540 (13%) participated in the MOVE! programme. 19   367 (1% overall, 8% of @entity1 ) met criteria for intense and sustained participation (at least eight sessions within 6 months over at least a 4-month span), which was associated with greater @entity353 at 3 years than low-intensity or no participation (-2  2% vs -0  64% or 0  46%). Compared with non-participation, incidence of @entity6 was reduced by intense and sustained participation (hazard ratio 0  67, 95% CI 0  61-0  74) and low-intensity participation (0  80, 0  77-0  83) in MOVE!. These patterns were consistent across sex, ethnic origin, and age. Participation was most beneficial in @entity1 with high BMI or high random @entity413 concentrations at baseline (both pinteraction<0  0001). INTERPRETATION: Participation in the MOVE! programme was associated with @entity353 and reduced incidence of @entity6 , but the rate of participation was low and, therefore, selection bias could have exaggerated these effects. FUNDING: US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Institutes of Health.

title: Weight loss and incidence of XXXX with the Veterans Health Administration MOVE! lifestyle change programme: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss', 'weight-related disorder']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The aim of the study is to assess the impact of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) on quality of life (QoL) @entity1 with and to identify the significant modifications in QoL, depending on both the development particularities of @entity30 and the epidemiologic parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a prospective study was conducted at the Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepathology Ia  i, between October 2011 and August 2014. The study enrolled 63 @entity1 with @entity30 . The @entity30 diagnosis was based on clinical, biological, endoscopic and histological criteria. QoL was assessed by means of the IBDQ-32 questionnaire (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire). RESULTS: The total IBDQ score varied from 70 to 200, registering a slightly higher value in female @entity1 . Parameters such as age, sex and smoking/non-smoking status did not present significant differences in the IBDQ score. The values of the IBDQ score were in indirect, mild correlation with the CDAI score; over 49% of the subjects with higher CDAI had a lower IBDQ score. CONCLUSIONS: Except for the disease activity periods, the results of the studies investigating the impact of the various factors on the QoL in @entity1 with @entity30 are contradictory. Further research is needed in order to define the subgroups of @entity1 likely to suffer from poorer QoL.

title: QUALITY OF LIFE IN CROHN'S DISEASE XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", 'CD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The remarkable clinical heterogeneity in @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ) has highlighted the need for prognostic and predictive algorithms that can be employed in clinical practice to assist @entity1 management and therapy decisions. Over the last 20 years, this research field has been rewarding and many novel prognostic factors have been identified, especially at the molecular genetic level. Whilst detection of recurrent cytogenetic aberrations and determination of the immunoglobulin heavy variable gene somatic hypermutation status have an established role in outcome prediction, next-generation sequencing has recently revealed novel mutated genes with clinical relevance (e.g. @entity125 , @entity19982 and @entity1837 ). Efforts have been made to combine variables into prognostic indices; however, none has been universally adopted. Although a unifying model for all groups of @entity1 and in all situations is appealing, this may prove difficult to attain. Alternatively, focused efforts on @entity1 subgroups in the same clinical context and at certain clinically relevant 'decision points', that is at diagnosis and at initiation of first-line or subsequent treatments, may provide a more accurate approach. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages as well as the clinical applicability of three recently proposed prognostic models, the @entity601 Anderson nomogram, the integrated cytogenetic and mutational model and the @entity6444 -international prognostic index. We also consider future directions taking into account novel aspects of the disease, such as the @entity5 microenvironment and the dynamics of (sub)clonal evolution. These aspects are particularly relevant in view of the increasing number of new targeted therapies that have recently emerged.

title: Prognostic indices in XXXX : where do we stand how do we proceed?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia', 'CLL']

answer: @entity6444 :: (MESH:D015461,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']


abstract: Bone metastases are a serious problem in @entity1 with @entity5 and their presence usually signifies serious morbidity prior to the @entity1 's @entity204 . In @entity0 @entity1 the incidence of bone @entity3 is observed to be very high at 70  %, as seen during post-mortem examination. Bone @entity3 is difficult to diagnose, treat or follow clinically without radiological tools. This study was designed to evaluate the utility of a novel bone resorption marker-serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) and the bone formation marker such as serum total @entity623 ( @entity623 ), in comparison with whole body skeletal scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP for the diagnosis of bone metastases (BM) in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 . This study is intended to help the clinician to diagnose bone @entity3 without resorting to radiological tools, as they are not cost effective and carry the risk of radiation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Four groups of samples were analysed. 1st group consists 52 normal female ( @entity5 free @entity1 ), 2nd group consists 38 @entity0 @entity1 without bone @entity3 , 3rd group consists 27 @entity0 @entity1 with limited bone @entity3 (3 or less than 3 skeletal lesions) and 4th group consists 35 @entity0 @entity1 with extensive bone @entity3 (4 or more than 4 skeletal lesions), conformed by whole body skeletal scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP. One way ANOVA was used to compare serum TRACP5b and serum @entity623 among these groups. Both serum TRACP5b and serum @entity623 are not markedly elevated in limited bone @entity3 but are strongly elevated in extensive bone @entity3 (p  <  0.0001). As seen in this study the biochemical bone resorption marker, serum TRACP5b, abnormally increased in extensive bone @entity3 of @entity0 @entity1 and can be used as a specific marker for bone @entity3 in lieu of radiological tools.

title: Detection of Bone Metastases in @entity0 ( XXXX ) Patients by Serum Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), a Bone Resorption Marker and Serum @entity623 ( @entity623 ), a Bone Formation Marker, in Lieu of Whole Body Skeletal Scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['BC']


abstract: Bone metastases are a serious problem in @entity1 with @entity5 and their presence usually signifies serious morbidity prior to the @entity1 's @entity204 . In @entity0 @entity1 the incidence of bone @entity3 is observed to be very high at 70  %, as seen during post-mortem examination. Bone @entity3 is difficult to diagnose, treat or follow clinically without radiological tools. This study was designed to evaluate the utility of a novel bone resorption marker-serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) and the bone formation marker such as serum total @entity623 ( @entity623 ), in comparison with whole body skeletal scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP for the diagnosis of bone metastases (BM) in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 . This study is intended to help the clinician to diagnose bone @entity3 without resorting to radiological tools, as they are not cost effective and carry the risk of radiation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Four groups of samples were analysed. 1st group consists 52 normal female ( @entity5 free @entity1 ), 2nd group consists 38 @entity0 @entity1 without bone @entity3 , 3rd group consists 27 @entity0 @entity1 with limited bone @entity3 (3 or less than 3 skeletal lesions) and 4th group consists 35 @entity0 @entity1 with extensive bone @entity3 (4 or more than 4 skeletal lesions), conformed by whole body skeletal scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP. One way ANOVA was used to compare serum TRACP5b and serum @entity623 among these groups. Both serum TRACP5b and serum @entity623 are not markedly elevated in limited bone @entity3 but are strongly elevated in extensive bone @entity3 (p  <  0.0001). As seen in this study the biochemical bone resorption marker, serum TRACP5b, abnormally increased in extensive bone @entity3 of @entity0 @entity1 and can be used as a specific marker for bone @entity3 in lieu of radiological tools.

title: Detection of Bone Metastases in XXXX ( @entity0 ) Patients by Serum Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), a Bone Resorption Marker and Serum @entity623 ( @entity623 ), a Bone Formation Marker, in Lieu of Whole Body Skeletal Scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Bone metastases are a serious problem in @entity1 with @entity5 and their presence usually signifies serious morbidity prior to the @entity1 's @entity204 . In @entity0 @entity1 the incidence of bone @entity3 is observed to be very high at 70  %, as seen during post-mortem examination. Bone @entity3 is difficult to diagnose, treat or follow clinically without radiological tools. This study was designed to evaluate the utility of a novel bone resorption marker-serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) and the bone formation marker such as serum total @entity623 ( @entity623 ), in comparison with whole body skeletal scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP for the diagnosis of bone metastases (BM) in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 . This study is intended to help the clinician to diagnose bone @entity3 without resorting to radiological tools, as they are not cost effective and carry the risk of radiation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Four groups of samples were analysed. 1st group consists 52 normal female ( @entity5 free @entity1 ), 2nd group consists 38 @entity0 @entity1 without bone @entity3 , 3rd group consists 27 @entity0 @entity1 with limited bone @entity3 (3 or less than 3 skeletal lesions) and 4th group consists 35 @entity0 @entity1 with extensive bone @entity3 (4 or more than 4 skeletal lesions), conformed by whole body skeletal scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP. One way ANOVA was used to compare serum TRACP5b and serum @entity623 among these groups. Both serum TRACP5b and serum @entity623 are not markedly elevated in limited bone @entity3 but are strongly elevated in extensive bone @entity3 (p  <  0.0001). As seen in this study the biochemical bone resorption marker, serum TRACP5b, abnormally increased in extensive bone @entity3 of @entity0 @entity1 and can be used as a specific marker for bone @entity3 in lieu of radiological tools.

title: Detection of Bone Metastases in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) Patients by Serum Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), a Bone Resorption Marker and Serum XXXX ( @entity623 ), a Bone Formation Marker, in Lieu of Whole Body Skeletal Scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP.

answer: @entity623 :: (250,Gene) :: ['Alkaline Phosphatase']


abstract: Bone metastases are a serious problem in @entity1 with @entity5 and their presence usually signifies serious morbidity prior to the @entity1 's @entity204 . In @entity0 @entity1 the incidence of bone @entity3 is observed to be very high at 70  %, as seen during post-mortem examination. Bone @entity3 is difficult to diagnose, treat or follow clinically without radiological tools. This study was designed to evaluate the utility of a novel bone resorption marker-serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) and the bone formation marker such as serum total @entity623 ( @entity623 ), in comparison with whole body skeletal scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP for the diagnosis of bone metastases (BM) in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 . This study is intended to help the clinician to diagnose bone @entity3 without resorting to radiological tools, as they are not cost effective and carry the risk of radiation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Four groups of samples were analysed. 1st group consists 52 normal female ( @entity5 free @entity1 ), 2nd group consists 38 @entity0 @entity1 without bone @entity3 , 3rd group consists 27 @entity0 @entity1 with limited bone @entity3 (3 or less than 3 skeletal lesions) and 4th group consists 35 @entity0 @entity1 with extensive bone @entity3 (4 or more than 4 skeletal lesions), conformed by whole body skeletal scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP. One way ANOVA was used to compare serum TRACP5b and serum @entity623 among these groups. Both serum TRACP5b and serum @entity623 are not markedly elevated in limited bone @entity3 but are strongly elevated in extensive bone @entity3 (p  <  0.0001). As seen in this study the biochemical bone resorption marker, serum TRACP5b, abnormally increased in extensive bone @entity3 of @entity0 @entity1 and can be used as a specific marker for bone @entity3 in lieu of radiological tools.

title: Detection of Bone Metastases in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) Patients by Serum Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), a Bone Resorption Marker and Serum @entity623 ( XXXX ), a Bone Formation Marker, in Lieu of Whole Body Skeletal Scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP.

answer: @entity623 :: (250,Gene) :: ['ALP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sleep blood pressure (BP), which is partly determined by salt sensitivity and intake, is an important cardiovascular risk in @entity101 . However, there have been no studies on age-related differences in the sleep BP-lowering effect between @entity2178 receptor blockers and @entity460 channel blockers in Asians. @entity6290 Circadian and Sleep Pressure-the 1st Study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, 2-parallel-group study conducted to compare the efficacy of 8-week oral treatment with an @entity2178 receptor blocker ( @entity6290 20 mg) or a @entity460 channel blocker ( @entity3591 5 mg) on sleep BP as evaluated by ambulatory BP monitoring. Among the overall population, @entity3591 treatment achieved significantly greater @entity551 , awake BP, and 24-hour BP than @entity6290 treatment. BP reduction by @entity3591 was particularly pronounced in elderly @entity101 @entity1 aged >= 60 years old. Among @entity1 >= 60 years old, the @entity3591 group had numerically, but not significantly, higher control rate of sleep BP compared with the @entity6290 group. Similar results were found for awake BP and 24-hour BP. These results suggest a greater BP reduction/control by @entity3591 compared with @entity6290 and that reduction/control of BP by @entity3591 was also more effective in the elderly population. As recommended in the American Society of @entity101 /The international Society of @entity101 and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines for differentiating treatment according to age, @entity3591 should be one of the options for starting treatment in the elderly population. CLINICAL TRIAL URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01762501 CLINICAL TRIAL ID: NCT01762501.

title: Age-Related Difference in the Sleep Pressure-Lowering Effect Between an XXXX Receptor Blocker and a @entity460 Channel Blocker in Asian Hypertensives: The ACS1 Study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity6290 :: ('MESH:C521273', 'Chemical') :: ['azilsartan', 'Azilsartan']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in sleep BP']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['Angiotensin II']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sleep blood pressure (BP), which is partly determined by salt sensitivity and intake, is an important cardiovascular risk in @entity101 . However, there have been no studies on age-related differences in the sleep BP-lowering effect between @entity2178 receptor blockers and @entity460 channel blockers in Asians. @entity6290 Circadian and Sleep Pressure-the 1st Study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, 2-parallel-group study conducted to compare the efficacy of 8-week oral treatment with an @entity2178 receptor blocker ( @entity6290 20 mg) or a @entity460 channel blocker ( @entity3591 5 mg) on sleep BP as evaluated by ambulatory BP monitoring. Among the overall population, @entity3591 treatment achieved significantly greater @entity551 , awake BP, and 24-hour BP than @entity6290 treatment. BP reduction by @entity3591 was particularly pronounced in elderly @entity101 @entity1 aged >= 60 years old. Among @entity1 >= 60 years old, the @entity3591 group had numerically, but not significantly, higher control rate of sleep BP compared with the @entity6290 group. Similar results were found for awake BP and 24-hour BP. These results suggest a greater BP reduction/control by @entity3591 compared with @entity6290 and that reduction/control of BP by @entity3591 was also more effective in the elderly population. As recommended in the American Society of @entity101 /The international Society of @entity101 and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines for differentiating treatment according to age, @entity3591 should be one of the options for starting treatment in the elderly population. CLINICAL TRIAL URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01762501 CLINICAL TRIAL ID: NCT01762501.

title: Age-Related Difference in the Sleep Pressure-Lowering Effect Between an @entity2178 Receptor Blocker and a XXXX Channel Blocker in Asian Hypertensives: The ACS1 Study.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this experimental study was to examine the effect of the antioxidant drug @entity49463 in a @entity35 model of @entity519 -reoxygenation using the previously established protocol. Effects of treatments were evaluated by @entity1760 ( @entity1025 ) levels in blood. METHODS: Non-randomized controlled study was performed. @entity1025 levels were determined in 60 min (groups A and C) and 120 min (groups B and D) after starting the reoxygenation. Groups A and B received no drugs, whereas @entity35 from groups C and D were administered with @entity49463 . RESULTS: 40 @entity35 16-18 weeks old of a mean weight of 2312 g were employed in the study. It is demonstrated that @entity49463 administration did not alter the @entity1025 levels (decrease in @entity1025 concentration was 0.28  2.75%; p=0.917). Reoxygenation non-significantly increased the @entity1025 levels by 4.27  2.66% (p=0.107). Together, the @entity49463 administration and reoxygenation non-significantly increased the @entity1025 levels by 0.36  1.64% (p=0.823). CONCLUSION: @entity49463 administration, alone or in concert with reoxygenation did not significantly affect @entity1025 level in blood after experimental @entity519 in @entity35 .

title: [The Effect of the Antioxidant Drug @entity49463 on Magnesium Levels During XXXX -Reoxygenation Injury in @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this experimental study was to examine the effect of the antioxidant drug @entity49463 in a @entity35 model of @entity519 -reoxygenation using the previously established protocol. Effects of treatments were evaluated by @entity1760 ( @entity1025 ) levels in blood. METHODS: Non-randomized controlled study was performed. @entity1025 levels were determined in 60 min (groups A and C) and 120 min (groups B and D) after starting the reoxygenation. Groups A and B received no drugs, whereas @entity35 from groups C and D were administered with @entity49463 . RESULTS: 40 @entity35 16-18 weeks old of a mean weight of 2312 g were employed in the study. It is demonstrated that @entity49463 administration did not alter the @entity1025 levels (decrease in @entity1025 concentration was 0.28  2.75%; p=0.917). Reoxygenation non-significantly increased the @entity1025 levels by 4.27  2.66% (p=0.107). Together, the @entity49463 administration and reoxygenation non-significantly increased the @entity1025 levels by 0.36  1.64% (p=0.823). CONCLUSION: @entity49463 administration, alone or in concert with reoxygenation did not significantly affect @entity1025 level in blood after experimental @entity519 in @entity35 .

title: [The Effect of the Antioxidant Drug XXXX on Magnesium Levels During @entity519 -Reoxygenation Injury in @entity35 ].

answer: @entity49463 :: (MESH:C074965,Chemical) :: ['U-74389G']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this experimental study was to examine the effect of the antioxidant drug @entity49463 in a @entity35 model of @entity519 -reoxygenation using the previously established protocol. Effects of treatments were evaluated by @entity1760 ( @entity1025 ) levels in blood. METHODS: Non-randomized controlled study was performed. @entity1025 levels were determined in 60 min (groups A and C) and 120 min (groups B and D) after starting the reoxygenation. Groups A and B received no drugs, whereas @entity35 from groups C and D were administered with @entity49463 . RESULTS: 40 @entity35 16-18 weeks old of a mean weight of 2312 g were employed in the study. It is demonstrated that @entity49463 administration did not alter the @entity1025 levels (decrease in @entity1025 concentration was 0.28  2.75%; p=0.917). Reoxygenation non-significantly increased the @entity1025 levels by 4.27  2.66% (p=0.107). Together, the @entity49463 administration and reoxygenation non-significantly increased the @entity1025 levels by 0.36  1.64% (p=0.823). CONCLUSION: @entity49463 administration, alone or in concert with reoxygenation did not significantly affect @entity1025 level in blood after experimental @entity519 in @entity35 .

title: [The Effect of the Antioxidant Drug @entity49463 on Magnesium Levels During @entity519 -Reoxygenation Injury in XXXX ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: Candida species other than @entity5132 are often described as causative agents of superficial @entity3217 and are more resistant to treatment with @entity8201 . In order to determine the distribution of species and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp., one ambispective study, which analyzed 18 @entity375 isolates obtained from samples from @entity1 diagnosed with superficial @entity3217 , was performed. Taxonomic identification was performed by macroscopic visualization of the growth characteristics in chromogenic agar and by conventional methods. The susceptibility to @entity2380 and @entity18111 was evaluated by the disc diffusion method. Most of the isolates (88.8%), came from nail samples. @entity7409 was the most common species, followed by @entity9841 , @entity5132 and C. krusei, which confirmed the prevalence of non-albicans species as a cause of superficial mycoses. The pattern of susceptibility to @entity2380 and @entity18111 was similar: all isolates of @entity7409 and @entity5132 were susceptible, while 83.3% of @entity9841 showed sensitivity to both antifungals. C. krusei, @entity2380 -resistant species showed intermediate susceptibility io @entity18111 . The use of chromogenic agar allowed to detect mixed @entity281 in nail samples, involving Candida spp. and @entity9841 in one case, the latter with resistance to both @entity2380 and @entity18111 . The results demonstrate the importance of species identification and susceptibility testing to avoid therapeutic failures in superficial mycoses.

title: [Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. causing superficial XXXX . Coro, Falcon state, Venezuela].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity18111 :: ('MESH:D065819', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

answer: @entity3217 :: (MESH:D015821,Disease) :: ['mycosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. To investigate the relationship between serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity4008 . Methods. Eighty-two @entity1 @entity1 were included in this prospective study. The diagnosis of @entity693 was based on clinical features and cerebrospinal fluid findings. PCT levels were measured with a specific immunoluminometric assay. Results. (a) @entity1 with @entity4008 had significantly higher serum PCT than those with @entity1393 . (b) The PCT levels of @entity1 with severe @entity295 or @entity326 were significantly higher than those who had no or mild @entity295 . (c) PCT levels decreased significantly in @entity1 who had good curative effect, whereas PCT levels did not changed in @entity1 who had no curative effect. (d) The PCT levels were significantly higher in those who died than those who survived. Conclusions. Serum PCT is related to the severity of disease in @entity1 with @entity4008 . A fall in PCT after treatment may have favorable prognostic significance.

title: Relationship of Serum Procalcitonin Levels to Severity and Prognosis in Pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1393 :: ('MESH:D008587', 'Disease') :: ['viral meningitis']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['Bacterial Meningitis']


abstract: This report compares the DNA content distribution of normal @entity1 brain tissue and of @entity5 of the brain. The cells were obtained from seven normal specimens and from fourteen types of @entity1313 of 79 @entity1 . The DNA content was determined by flow cytometry on single cell suspensions. @entity2667 was used as DNA-intercalating fluorochrome. Normal, non-stimulated lymphocytes served as diploid controls. The proportions of diploid cells in G1 ranged from 78% to 93% and from 80% to 95% in the normal cortex and normal white matter, respectively. In the specimens of @entity1313 the range was from 70% to 98%. Histograms with a single, diploid peak was obtained with the specimens from cases of @entity362 , @entity6872 , most @entity1653 and around one-half of the cases of @entity808 and @entity816 . Two peaks were seen with a few cases of @entity1653 and the remaining cases of @entity808 and @entity816 . With the @entity977 and @entity976 , in addition to the diploid peak, cells in the 4C and 8C ranges were also observed.

title: [Flow cytometric studies of @entity1 @entity1313 . Part 2: @entity1 XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['Propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['benign brain tumor', 'benign brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['benign brain tumors']


abstract: This report compares the DNA content distribution of normal @entity1 brain tissue and of @entity5 of the brain. The cells were obtained from seven normal specimens and from fourteen types of @entity1313 of 79 @entity1 . The DNA content was determined by flow cytometry on single cell suspensions. @entity2667 was used as DNA-intercalating fluorochrome. Normal, non-stimulated lymphocytes served as diploid controls. The proportions of diploid cells in G1 ranged from 78% to 93% and from 80% to 95% in the normal cortex and normal white matter, respectively. In the specimens of @entity1313 the range was from 70% to 98%. Histograms with a single, diploid peak was obtained with the specimens from cases of @entity362 , @entity6872 , most @entity1653 and around one-half of the cases of @entity808 and @entity816 . Two peaks were seen with a few cases of @entity1653 and the remaining cases of @entity808 and @entity816 . With the @entity977 and @entity976 , in addition to the diploid peak, cells in the 4C and 8C ranges were also observed.

title: [Flow cytometric studies of @entity1 XXXX . Part 2: @entity1 @entity1313 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: This report compares the DNA content distribution of normal @entity1 brain tissue and of @entity5 of the brain. The cells were obtained from seven normal specimens and from fourteen types of @entity1313 of 79 @entity1 . The DNA content was determined by flow cytometry on single cell suspensions. @entity2667 was used as DNA-intercalating fluorochrome. Normal, non-stimulated lymphocytes served as diploid controls. The proportions of diploid cells in G1 ranged from 78% to 93% and from 80% to 95% in the normal cortex and normal white matter, respectively. In the specimens of @entity1313 the range was from 70% to 98%. Histograms with a single, diploid peak was obtained with the specimens from cases of @entity362 , @entity6872 , most @entity1653 and around one-half of the cases of @entity808 and @entity816 . Two peaks were seen with a few cases of @entity1653 and the remaining cases of @entity808 and @entity816 . With the @entity977 and @entity976 , in addition to the diploid peak, cells in the 4C and 8C ranges were also observed.

title: [Flow cytometric studies of XXXX @entity1313 . Part 2: @entity1 @entity1313 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']