abstract: The metabolic actions of @entity29227 ( @entity442 ) were compared in cultured skeletal muscle cells from @entity7964 ( @entity7964 ) and type 2 @entity6 subjects. @entity2690 stimulated @entity413 uptake with comparable sensitivity in @entity7964 (EC(50) = 2.0 +/- 0.7 nmol/L) and @entity6 (1.3 +/- 0.4) cells. @entity442 sensitivity for uptake stimulation was similar in @entity7964 (EC(50) = 0.30 +/- 0.06 nmol/L) and type 2 cells (0.37 +/- 0.01). In @entity7964 cells, @entity2690 and @entity442 were equally potent for stimulation of @entity413 uptake and glycogen synthase (GS) activity. However, in @entity6 cells, maximal @entity2690 stimulation of both responses was only half of the increases due to @entity442 . Final absolute activities after @entity442 stimulation were still lower in @entity6 cells compared with cells from @entity7964 subjects. Hormonal stimulation of Akt phosphorylation exhibited the same behavior as metabolic responses; comparable for @entity2690 and @entity442 in @entity7964 muscle, while @entity442 was significantly more effective in @entity6 cells. Both @entity2690 receptor (IR) binding and receptor protein expression were similar in @entity7964 and @entity6 cells. @entity442 binding and receptor protein expression were not significantly different in @entity6 compared with @entity7964 cells. The expression of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) 3, 5, and 6 were similar in @entity7964 and @entity6 cells; @entity12561 was slightly, but significantly higher, in @entity6 cells. While @entity2690 and @entity442 are equally effective on metabolic responses in @entity7964 muscle, @entity6 muscle cells are markedly more resistant to @entity2690 than @entity442 . The greater metabolic activity of @entity442 in type 2 @entity6 muscle may provide new insights into the mechanisms of @entity2690 resistance in skeletal muscle.

title: XXXX and @entity2690 -like growth factor-1 action on human skeletal muscle: preferential effects of @entity442 in type 2 @entity6 subjects.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: The metabolic actions of @entity29227 ( @entity442 ) were compared in cultured skeletal muscle cells from @entity7964 ( @entity7964 ) and type 2 @entity6 subjects. @entity2690 stimulated @entity413 uptake with comparable sensitivity in @entity7964 (EC(50) = 2.0 +/- 0.7 nmol/L) and @entity6 (1.3 +/- 0.4) cells. @entity442 sensitivity for uptake stimulation was similar in @entity7964 (EC(50) = 0.30 +/- 0.06 nmol/L) and type 2 cells (0.37 +/- 0.01). In @entity7964 cells, @entity2690 and @entity442 were equally potent for stimulation of @entity413 uptake and glycogen synthase (GS) activity. However, in @entity6 cells, maximal @entity2690 stimulation of both responses was only half of the increases due to @entity442 . Final absolute activities after @entity442 stimulation were still lower in @entity6 cells compared with cells from @entity7964 subjects. Hormonal stimulation of Akt phosphorylation exhibited the same behavior as metabolic responses; comparable for @entity2690 and @entity442 in @entity7964 muscle, while @entity442 was significantly more effective in @entity6 cells. Both @entity2690 receptor (IR) binding and receptor protein expression were similar in @entity7964 and @entity6 cells. @entity442 binding and receptor protein expression were not significantly different in @entity6 compared with @entity7964 cells. The expression of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) 3, 5, and 6 were similar in @entity7964 and @entity6 cells; @entity12561 was slightly, but significantly higher, in @entity6 cells. While @entity2690 and @entity442 are equally effective on metabolic responses in @entity7964 muscle, @entity6 muscle cells are markedly more resistant to @entity2690 than @entity442 . The greater metabolic activity of @entity442 in type 2 @entity6 muscle may provide new insights into the mechanisms of @entity2690 resistance in skeletal muscle.

title: @entity2690 and XXXX -like growth factor-1 action on human skeletal muscle: preferential effects of @entity442 in type 2 @entity6 subjects.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity7964 :: ('OMIM:612551', 'Disease') :: ['ND', 'nondiabetic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity29227 :: ('3630;3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Portuguese type @entity14755 is a dominantly inherited @entity14755 caused by a mutant transthyretin ( @entity20117 ). Because @entity20117 is produced mainly by the liver, liver transplantation (LT) abolishes production of the amyloidogenic variant @entity20117 . To date, the procedure appears to halt the progress of the disease. However, long-term outcome is unknown. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the survival of our initial group of unselected liver transplant recipients with @entity1941 . Seventy @entity1 , 51 transplant recipients and a control group of 19 nontransplantation @entity1 , with disease onset before the age of 55 years were included on the study. Transplant recipients were divided into two categories: (1) early series, with @entity1 followed up for 5 years or longer, and (2) new series, with @entity1 followed up for 1 to 5 years. Nonparametric statistical methods were used. Binary regression analyses were performed by stepwise logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, the Cox-Mantel test. Survival analyses and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were performed from disease onset, not from LT. Significantly decreased survival was noted for transplant recipients with a modified body mass index (mBMI) less than 600 compared with the control group (P < .05). A significant difference in survival also was observed between transplant recipients with an mBMI greater than 600 at the time of LT compared with those with an mBMI less than 600 (P < .02). mBMI and age at LT had a significant impact on survival; whereas late deaths were related to age at LT, early deaths were related to mBMI. The cumulative 10-year survival rate after disease onset was 94% in the new series, with one @entity204 (< 6 months) after LT, compared with a 78% survival rate and eight early deaths in the early series (P = .1).

title: Long-term follow-up of survival of liver transplant recipients with XXXX (Portuguese type).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14755 :: ('MESH:D028227', 'Disease') :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy', 'neuropathic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

answer: @entity14755 :: (MESH:D028227,Disease) :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non @entity1066 is an important health problem with a very high prevalence in the general population, being its pathophysiology still unclear and its association with @entity1534 highly controversial. Many trials have been carried out assessing the effects of different drugs on the symptoms in dyspeptic @entity1 , being one of the most common the use of H2 antagonist, even though the results have shown conflicting as far as efficacy is concerned. The goal of the present study is to determine the efficacy of @entity6359 (administered in three different regimens) as compared to placebo in relieving the symptoms of non @entity1066 .METHODS: @entity1 with chronic non @entity1066 were included and were selected by random in four groups; group I received @entity6359 40 mg before breakfast, placebo before dinner and at bedtime; group II received @entity6359 20 mg before breakfast and dinner and placebo at bedtime; group III received @entity6359 40 mg at bedtime, placebo before breakfast and dinner; group IV received placebo before breakfast, dinner and at bedtime. A four week treatment period was completed. Endoscopy, measure of the gastric juice pH, and biopsy (including study for H.p) was done at the beginning of the study, at week 4 and at week 8. The @entity1 was asked for a global assessment of improvement in the overall symptoms of @entity2210 at the end of weeks 1,4 and 8.RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity1 (12 @entity1 and 36 @entity1 ) participated in the study. There was not statistical difference between any of the four schemes of treatment and the effect over the @entity158 and the symptoms during the study. Nevertheless there was a highly statistically difference (p<0.01) of the well being of the @entity1 with all the groups of treatment received. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the pH of the groups II, III, IV, being the pH at fourth week, the one with a high mean value. There was not statistical difference in the pH value between @entity1 that improve its symptoms and those that not H.p. presence was the same along the study in the group that showed improvement of @entity158 and related symptoms and the group that did not improve. There was no significant changes in the histological pattern and the grade of inflammatory activity in relation to symptoms improvement. During the study there was not any clinical laboratory adverse experience.CONCLUSIONS: Non of the three schemes with @entity6359 used in this trial has proven to have any therapeutical benefit in non @entity1066 compared to placebo, even though @entity1 improved their symptoms in all the four groups. It seems that gastric juice does not play a rol in the genesis of non @entity1066 . In this study, nor the presence of H.p. neither inflammatory activity are associated with the symptoms of non @entity1066 . More studies carefully designed are required not only to understand pathophysiological mechanism, also to identify effective treatments for this frequent entity.

title: [ XXXX VERSUS PLACEBO IN NON ULCER DYSPEPSIA TREATMENT]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity6359 :: (MESH:D015738,Chemical) :: ['FAMOTIDINE']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several non-invasive two-dimensional techniques with different lateral resolution and measurable depth range have proved to be useful in assessing and quantifying morphological changes in skin ageing. Among these, only in vivo microscopy techniques permit histometric measurements in vivo. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of chronological (intrinsic) age-related (IAR) morphological changes of epidermis, dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ), @entity1377 ( @entity1377 ), papillary- @entity2363 junction and @entity2363 ( @entity2363 ) have been performed by high-definition optical coherence tomography in real time 3-D. @entity2033 -OCT images were taken at the internal site of the right upper arm. Qualitative @entity2033 -OCT IAR descriptors were reported at skin surface, at epidermal layer, DEJ, @entity1377 and upper @entity2363 . Quantitative evaluation of age-related compaction and backscattered intensity or brightness of different skin layers was performed by using the plugin plot z-axis profile of ImageJ(  ) software permitting intensity assessment of @entity2033 -OCT (DICOM) images (3-D images). Analysis was in blind from all clinical information. Sixty, fair-skinned (Fitzpatrick types I-III) healthy females were analysed retrospectively in this study. The subjects belonged to three age groups: twenty in group I aged 20-39, twenty in group II aged 40-59 and twenty in group III aged 60-79. Only intrinsic ageing in @entity1 has been studied. Significant age-related qualitative and quantitative differences could be noticed. IAR changes in dermal matrix fibers morphology/organisation and in microvasculature were observed. The brightness and compaction of the different skin layers increased significantly with intrinsic skin ageing. The depth of visibility of fibers in @entity2363 increased significantly in the older age group. In conclusion, @entity2033 -OCT allows 3-D in vivo and real time qualitative and quantitative assessment of chronological (intrinsic) age-related morphological skin changes at high resolution from skin surface to a depth of the superficial @entity2363 .

title: High-definition optical coherence tomography intrinsic skin ageing assessment in XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'papillary dermis']

entities_list: @entity2363 :: ('MESH:C538361', 'Disease') :: ['RD', 'reticular dermis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity631 usually present with @entity1985 , microscopic @entity811 , @entity8 , and @entity101 ; 50% develop @entity454 within a few years. There is no known effective therapy for @entity631 . We describe three @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity631 , in whom pathognomonic fibrillar deposits of 20-nm diameter were seen by electron microscopy. All @entity1 had @entity1985 and normal renal function at the time of diagnosis. They were treated initially with @entity229 , 1 mg/kg body weight, then tapered individually according to the clinical course. Additional therapy consisted of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and diuretics. @entity644 disappeared in two of three @entity1 after 9 and 12 months of therapy. In one @entity1 , @entity644 was reduced from 7.49 mg/mg @entity1011 to 0.63 mg/mg @entity1011 after 6 months of treatment. The kidney function remained normal in all three cases. Two @entity1 are now free of @entity134 therapy for 9 and 6 months. They show no signs of recurrence of @entity8 and have normal renal function without significant @entity644 . @entity134 therapy in @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity631 , starting with @entity229 , 1 mg/kg body weight, and tapered individually according to the clinical course, is a promising strategy. Early start of treatment in @entity1 with preserved renal function seems to be crucial for a favorable outcome.

title: XXXX : early diagnosis associated with @entity134 responsiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic proteinuria', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillary glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['Fibrillary glomerulonephritis']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity631 usually present with @entity1985 , microscopic @entity811 , @entity8 , and @entity101 ; 50% develop @entity454 within a few years. There is no known effective therapy for @entity631 . We describe three @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity631 , in whom pathognomonic fibrillar deposits of 20-nm diameter were seen by electron microscopy. All @entity1 had @entity1985 and normal renal function at the time of diagnosis. They were treated initially with @entity229 , 1 mg/kg body weight, then tapered individually according to the clinical course. Additional therapy consisted of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and diuretics. @entity644 disappeared in two of three @entity1 after 9 and 12 months of therapy. In one @entity1 , @entity644 was reduced from 7.49 mg/mg @entity1011 to 0.63 mg/mg @entity1011 after 6 months of treatment. The kidney function remained normal in all three cases. Two @entity1 are now free of @entity134 therapy for 9 and 6 months. They show no signs of recurrence of @entity8 and have normal renal function without significant @entity644 . @entity134 therapy in @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity631 , starting with @entity229 , 1 mg/kg body weight, and tapered individually according to the clinical course, is a promising strategy. Early start of treatment in @entity1 with preserved renal function seems to be crucial for a favorable outcome.

title: @entity631 : early diagnosis associated with XXXX responsiveness.

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At least 14% of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 develop @entity23 ( @entity23 ). The pathophysiology behind these behaviors and the impact of deep brain stimulation in a real-life setting remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: We prospectively examined the impact of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on @entity23 in @entity191 @entity1 , as well as the relationship between impaired sensorimotor gaiting and impulsivity. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing bilateral STN-DBS were assessed for @entity23 preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively using a validated questionnaire (QUIP-RS). A subset of @entity1 completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and auditory prepulse inhibition (PPI) testing. RESULTS: Analysis revealed 12 @entity1 had an improvement in score assessing @entity23 ('good responders'; p = 0.006) while 4 had a worse or stable score ('poor responders'; p > 0.05). Good responders further exemplified a significant decrease in @entity146 (p = 0.005) and binge eating (p = 0.01). Impaired PPI responses also significantly correlated with impulsivity in BART (r = -0.72, p = 0.044). DISCUSSION: Following bilateral STN-DBS, 75% of our cohort had a reduction in @entity23 , thus suggesting deep brain stimulation effectively manages @entity23 in @entity191 . The role of impaired PPI in predisposition to @entity23 in @entity191 warrants further investigation.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The Influence of Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation on Impulsivity and Prepulse Inhibition in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['ICDs', 'impulse control disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['hypersexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At least 14% of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 develop @entity23 ( @entity23 ). The pathophysiology behind these behaviors and the impact of deep brain stimulation in a real-life setting remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: We prospectively examined the impact of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on @entity23 in @entity191 @entity1 , as well as the relationship between impaired sensorimotor gaiting and impulsivity. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing bilateral STN-DBS were assessed for @entity23 preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively using a validated questionnaire (QUIP-RS). A subset of @entity1 completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and auditory prepulse inhibition (PPI) testing. RESULTS: Analysis revealed 12 @entity1 had an improvement in score assessing @entity23 ('good responders'; p = 0.006) while 4 had a worse or stable score ('poor responders'; p > 0.05). Good responders further exemplified a significant decrease in @entity146 (p = 0.005) and binge eating (p = 0.01). Impaired PPI responses also significantly correlated with impulsivity in BART (r = -0.72, p = 0.044). DISCUSSION: Following bilateral STN-DBS, 75% of our cohort had a reduction in @entity23 , thus suggesting deep brain stimulation effectively manages @entity23 in @entity191 . The role of impaired PPI in predisposition to @entity23 in @entity191 warrants further investigation.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The Influence of Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation on Impulsivity and Prepulse Inhibition in @entity191 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7674 ( @entity7674 ) has been used for antiadhesion formation along with wound healing in various surgical fields. OBJECTIVE: The aim is to assess the efficacy of @entity7674 implantation in the prevention of @entity86 and adhesions after conventional, open, total thyroidectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 with @entity3557 undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to the study ( @entity7674 implantation) or control group (without @entity7674 ). Global photographic assessment, Vancouver scar scale (VSS), objective scar assessment, and swallowing impairment index were assessed at baseline, immediately after surgery, and at 1 and 2 months after surgery. RESULTS: Nineteen control and 20 study group @entity1 completed the study. The mean VSS score of the study group was significantly lower than the controls at both 1 month (3.06    1.25 vs 4.41    1.54, respectively) and 2 months (2.76    1.56 vs 4.35    1.58, respectively) after surgery. Scar quality measures (mean melanin and erythema indexes) were significantly lower in the study group compared with controls. Study group @entity1 had significantly lower swallowing impairment scores than controls. The mean postoperative hospitalization of both groups was not significantly different. CONCLUSION: @entity7674 -assisted implants appear to improve post-thyroidectomy scar and @entity73 without delays in operation time.

title: Preventive Effect of XXXX Acellular Dermal Matrix on Post-thyroidectomy Scars and Adhesions: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['ADM', 'Acellular dermal matrix']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['swallowing impairments']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative scars']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Thus far, orthopedic research lacks a suitable animal model of @entity170 . In OVX @entity742 , 6 months of @entity134 exposure reduced bone density and mechanical competence. Bone properties and bone formation did not recover for another 6 months. Therefore, @entity134 -treated OVX @entity742 may serve as a large animal model for @entity6092 bone. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of glucocorticoid treatment on cancellous bone density, microarchitecture, biomechanics, and formation of new bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen ovariectomized merino @entity742 received either a 6-month glucocorticoid treatment ( @entity367 ; 0.45 mg/kg @entity1667 ) or were left untreated (control). Cancellous bone biopsy specimens from the tibia were harvested 6 months after ovariectomy. After 12 months, the animals were killed, and biopsy specimens were obtained from the contralateral tibia and the lumbar spine. All biopsy specimens were scanned for apparent bone mineral density by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and tested mechanically in uniaxial compression. Three-dimensional bone reconstructions were obtained by microcomputed tomography. Formation of new bone was analyzed using histologies of the femoral condyles. RESULTS: After 6 months, mineral density (-19%) and mechanical competence (-45%) were reduced by glucocorticoid treatment (p < 0.1). BV/TV (-21%; p < 0.01) and trabecular thickness (-20%; p = 0.01) declined, whereas BS/BV increased (24%; p = 0.01). After 12 months, mineral density (-33%) and mechanical properties (-55%) were reduced even more profoundly (p < 0.05). Also, the structural parameters (BS/BV and Tb.Th.) still seemed to be affected by glucocorticoid treatment (p < 0.05). New bone formation, assessed by measurement of osteoid surface, was markedly reduced (-63%, p < 0.1) by glucocorticoid treatment. The differences between groups were generally more pronounced at the tibia and the femur than at the spine. CONCLUSION: The effects of short-term high-dose @entity134 administration on bone mineral in this animal model were comparable with those observed in @entity1 after long-term corticoid treatment. Reduction in bone quality and bone formation rate persisted after the cessation of @entity134 administration. Glucocorticoid treatment of ovariectomized @entity742 may therefore serve as a large animal model for @entity134 -induced @entity2331 .

title: Glucocorticoid treatment of ovariectomized XXXX affects mineral density, structure, and mechanical properties of cancellous bone.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The disruption of the hepatocyte tight junctions observed in @entity253 suggests altered permeability of the blood-bile barrier. In this study the role of @entity253 and increased biliary pressure on the translocation of bacteria from biliary tract to bloodstream and lymphatic system were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity35 underwent distal bile duct ligation (BDL, n = 33) for two weeks or a sham celiotomy (n = 21). Seventeen of the 33 BDL @entity35 underwent subsequent biliary decompression by a choledochojejunostomy (CJ). Two weeks after the final operation, a laparotomy was performed again and the CBD, the thoracic duct, and the caval vein were canulated. Next, a suspension containing 10(8) @entity526 /ml was retrogradely infused in the CBD for 5 min at 5 or 20 cm @entity2507 above the secretory biliary pressure. RESULTS: A higher biliary infusion pressure resulted in a significant increase of cfu @entity526 per milliliter of blood in all the three groups (Sham, BDL, CJ). BDL @entity35 showed significantly more bacterial translocation to the bloodstream than the shams. After biliary decompression, translocation normalized to the control levels. At 5 cm @entity2507 infusion pressure only one lymph culture was positive (CJ group). At 20 cm @entity2507 overpressure, nine lymph cultures were @entity526 positive (P = 0.03). These were found mainly in groups with a nonobstructed bile duct (Sham and CJ 40% vs BDL 10%). CONCLUSION: Translocation of bacteria from biliary tract to bloodstream increased at higher intrabiliary pressures. Longstanding bile duct obstruction was an independent determinant for @entity354 . Bacterial translocation to the lymphatic system did not parallel translocation to the bloodstream, although in the nonobstructed biliary tract, increased bacterial translocation to the lymphatic system was pressure related.

title: Bacterial translocation from the biliary tract to blood and lymph in XXXX with obstructive jaundice.

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiovenous reflux']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E.coli']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: By creating the Visible Burrow System (VBS) @entity24448 Blanchard found a way to study the interaction of genetics, physiology, environment, and adaptive significance in a model with @entity2611 . The VBS changed the way we think about @entity148 and @entity1316 by allowing the mechanisms which control them to be observed in a dynamic setting. Critically, Blanchard used the VBS and other models to show how behavioral systems like defense are dependent upon context and behavioral elements unique to the individual. Inspired by the VBS, we developed a @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) to further explore the multifaceted dynamics of the stress response with a @entity558 . Like the VBS, the @entity1642 is a naturalistic model built upon risk-assessment and defensive behavior, but with a choice of response: escape or submission to a large conspecific aggressor. The @entity148 of novelty during the first escape must be weighed against fear of the aggressor, and a decision must be made. Both outcomes are adaptively significant, evidenced by a 50/50 split in outcome across several study systems. By manipulating the variables of the @entity1642 , we show that a gradient of @entity148 exists that spans the contextual settings of escaping an open field, escaping from aggression, and submitting to aggression. These findings correspond with increasing levels of @entity2819 and increasing levels of @entity11989 and @entity2252 in the central amygdala as the context changes. Whereas some anxiolytics were able to reduce the latency to escape for some animals, only with the potent anxiolytic drug @entity31085 (CRF1R-blocker) and the anxiogenic drug @entity3160 (a2 antagonist) were we able to reverse the outcome for a substantial proportion of individuals. Our findings promote a novel method for modeling @entity148 , offering a distinction between low-and-high levels, and accounting for individual variability. The translational value of the VBS is immeasurable, and it guided us and many other researchers to seek potential clinical solutions through a deeper understanding of regional neurochemistry and gene expression in concert with an ecological behavioral model.

title: Nuance and behavioral cogency: How the Visible Burrow System inspired the Stress-Alternatives Model and conceptualization of the continuum of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['dichotomous choice condition']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2611 :: ('MESH:D005532', 'Disease') :: ['broad validity']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Stress Alternatives Model', 'SAM']

entities_list: @entity31085 :: ('MESH:C103016', 'Chemical') :: ['antalarmin']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study @entity346 ( @entity346 ), i.e. @entity346 without the sensation of vertigo, in @entity1 with @entity2746 ( @entity2746 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The neuro-otological and neuro-radiological records of 179 @entity1 clinically diagnosed as having @entity2746 (91 males, 88 females; age range 20-89 years) and 48 @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity1897 (15 males, 33 females; age range 21-80 years) were reviewed. Subjects underwent caloric tests using cold water (20 degrees C) in a totally dark room. Immediately after each test session, subjects were asked if they had experienced spinning or moving sensations during the test. Maximum slow phase eye velocities (SPEVs) were measured using electronystagmography. RESULTS: Among @entity1 with @entity1897 , all @entity1 with SPEVs > 15 degrees/s experienced spinning or moving sensations during testing. Among the 179 @entity1 with @entity2746 , 21 (39 sides) showed maximum SPEVs > 15 degrees/s without spinning or moving sensations. In particular, 8 @entity1 (10 sides) had maximum SPEVs > 25 degrees/s without spinning or moving sensations. Common lesions in the cerebral cortex could not be detected using either MRI or single-photon emission CT. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity2746 may also have @entity346 , which may be attributable to @entity75 in the ascending pathways to the vestibular cortex.

title: XXXX in @entity2746 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical lesions']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['spinocerebellar degeneration', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vestibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus-sensation dissociation', 'NSD', 'caloric nystagmus']

answer: @entity346 :: (MESH:D009759,Disease) :: ['Nystagmus-sensation dissociation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study @entity346 ( @entity346 ), i.e. @entity346 without the sensation of vertigo, in @entity1 with @entity2746 ( @entity2746 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The neuro-otological and neuro-radiological records of 179 @entity1 clinically diagnosed as having @entity2746 (91 males, 88 females; age range 20-89 years) and 48 @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity1897 (15 males, 33 females; age range 21-80 years) were reviewed. Subjects underwent caloric tests using cold water (20 degrees C) in a totally dark room. Immediately after each test session, subjects were asked if they had experienced spinning or moving sensations during the test. Maximum slow phase eye velocities (SPEVs) were measured using electronystagmography. RESULTS: Among @entity1 with @entity1897 , all @entity1 with SPEVs > 15 degrees/s experienced spinning or moving sensations during testing. Among the 179 @entity1 with @entity2746 , 21 (39 sides) showed maximum SPEVs > 15 degrees/s without spinning or moving sensations. In particular, 8 @entity1 (10 sides) had maximum SPEVs > 25 degrees/s without spinning or moving sensations. Common lesions in the cerebral cortex could not be detected using either MRI or single-photon emission CT. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity2746 may also have @entity346 , which may be attributable to @entity75 in the ascending pathways to the vestibular cortex.

title: @entity346 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2746 :: (MESH:D013132,Disease) :: ['spinocerebellar degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined liver-kidney transplantation is the definitive treatment for @entity454 caused by @entity42685 ( @entity12297 ). The infantile form is characterized by @entity177 early in life, advanced systemic @entity5201 , and a formidable mortality rate. Although others have reported on overall results of transplantation for @entity12297 covering a wide age spectrum, none has specifically addressed the high-risk infantile form of the disease. METHODS: Six @entity1 with @entity12297 underwent simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation at our center between May 1994 and August 1998. Diagnosis was made at 5.2+/-3.3 months of age, they were on dialysis for 11.8+/-2.3 months, and they underwent transplantation at 14.8+/-3.0 months of age when they weighed 10.6+/-1.7 kg. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 6.4+/-1.7 years (range, 3.9-8.1 years), we report 100% @entity1 and kidney allograft survival. There were no cases of @entity4295 . Long-term kidney allograft function remained stable in all patients, with serum @entity1011 values of less than 1.1 mg/dL and a mean creatinine clearance of 99 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2 at follow-up. Those who received combined hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis pretransplant had lower posttransplant urinary oxalate values than those receiving peritoneal dialysis alone. There was improvement in growth and @entity1155 and mental developmental scores after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Combined liver-kidney transplantation for the infantile presentation of @entity12297 is associated with excellent outcome when the approach includes early diagnosis and early combined transplantation, aggressive pretransplant dialysis, and avoidance of posttransplant @entity8 .

title: One hundred percent @entity1 and kidney allograft survival with simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation in @entity1 with primary XXXX : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity42685 :: ('MESH:C536414', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperoxaluria type I']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity5201 :: (MESH:D006959,Disease) :: ['hyperoxaluria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined liver-kidney transplantation is the definitive treatment for @entity454 caused by @entity42685 ( @entity12297 ). The infantile form is characterized by @entity177 early in life, advanced systemic @entity5201 , and a formidable mortality rate. Although others have reported on overall results of transplantation for @entity12297 covering a wide age spectrum, none has specifically addressed the high-risk infantile form of the disease. METHODS: Six @entity1 with @entity12297 underwent simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation at our center between May 1994 and August 1998. Diagnosis was made at 5.2+/-3.3 months of age, they were on dialysis for 11.8+/-2.3 months, and they underwent transplantation at 14.8+/-3.0 months of age when they weighed 10.6+/-1.7 kg. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 6.4+/-1.7 years (range, 3.9-8.1 years), we report 100% @entity1 and kidney allograft survival. There were no cases of @entity4295 . Long-term kidney allograft function remained stable in all patients, with serum @entity1011 values of less than 1.1 mg/dL and a mean creatinine clearance of 99 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2 at follow-up. Those who received combined hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis pretransplant had lower posttransplant urinary oxalate values than those receiving peritoneal dialysis alone. There was improvement in growth and @entity1155 and mental developmental scores after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Combined liver-kidney transplantation for the infantile presentation of @entity12297 is associated with excellent outcome when the approach includes early diagnosis and early combined transplantation, aggressive pretransplant dialysis, and avoidance of posttransplant @entity8 .

title: One hundred percent XXXX and kidney allograft survival with simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation in @entity1 with primary @entity5201 : a single-center experience.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined liver-kidney transplantation is the definitive treatment for @entity454 caused by @entity42685 ( @entity12297 ). The infantile form is characterized by @entity177 early in life, advanced systemic @entity5201 , and a formidable mortality rate. Although others have reported on overall results of transplantation for @entity12297 covering a wide age spectrum, none has specifically addressed the high-risk infantile form of the disease. METHODS: Six @entity1 with @entity12297 underwent simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation at our center between May 1994 and August 1998. Diagnosis was made at 5.2+/-3.3 months of age, they were on dialysis for 11.8+/-2.3 months, and they underwent transplantation at 14.8+/-3.0 months of age when they weighed 10.6+/-1.7 kg. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 6.4+/-1.7 years (range, 3.9-8.1 years), we report 100% @entity1 and kidney allograft survival. There were no cases of @entity4295 . Long-term kidney allograft function remained stable in all patients, with serum @entity1011 values of less than 1.1 mg/dL and a mean creatinine clearance of 99 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2 at follow-up. Those who received combined hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis pretransplant had lower posttransplant urinary oxalate values than those receiving peritoneal dialysis alone. There was improvement in growth and @entity1155 and mental developmental scores after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Combined liver-kidney transplantation for the infantile presentation of @entity12297 is associated with excellent outcome when the approach includes early diagnosis and early combined transplantation, aggressive pretransplant dialysis, and avoidance of posttransplant @entity8 .

title: One hundred percent @entity1 and kidney allograft survival with simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation in XXXX with primary @entity5201 : a single-center experience.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We conducted a phase IV randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of oral @entity6108 together with local phototherapy in @entity1 with @entity1569 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 received Curcuma extract orally with real visible light phototherapy (VLRT) or simulated visible light phototherapy (VLST) in the experimental area, while the rest of the body surface was treated with ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. The endpoints were the number of responders and the temporal course of the response. The secondary outcomes were related to safety and adverse events. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 were included in the study. In the intention-to-treat analysis, no @entity1 included in the VLRT group showed "moderate" or "severe" plaques after the treatment, in contrast to the @entity1 included in the VSLT group (p<0.01). Parallelisms in the evolution of @entity6987 , BSA, and PASI scores were observed in the two groups following the treatment. At the end of the study period, 76% of all @entity1 showed a response in the BSA exposed to UVA. Lesions on the experimental area showed a response in 81% of the @entity1 in the VLRT group and 30% of the @entity1 in the VLST group. There were no study-related adverse events that necessitated @entity1 withdrawal. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that moderate to severe @entity1569 should  show a therapeutic response to orally administered Curcuma if activated with visible light phototherapy, a new therapeutic method that would be safer for @entity1 than existing treatments.

title: Effects of Curcuma extract and visible light on adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['plaque psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 remains a major health problem worldwide, and is becoming increasingly resistant to traditional drug treatments. For instance, @entity632 ( @entity3105 ) is beneficial for the treatment of @entity0 . However, its wide application often leads to drug resistance in clinic practice, which results in treatment failure. @entity70657 ( @entity58000 ), a polyprenylated @entity43765 isolated from the traditional medicine gamboge, has been reported to effectively inhibit the survival and proliferation of @entity5 cells. Its effects on @entity3105 resistance have not yet been reported in @entity0 . In this study, we examined the ability of @entity58000 to modulate @entity3105 resiatance and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process using a cell based in vitro system. METHODS: An @entity98 assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the drugs on the growth of MCF-7 and MCF-7/ @entity3105 cell lines. The effects of drugs on apoptosis were detected using @entity4404 APC/7-AAD double staining. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins and the proteins in the @entity983 / @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway were evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: In the MCF-7/ @entity3105 cell lines, the IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) of the group that received combined treatment with @entity58000 and @entity3105 was significantly lower than that in the @entity3105 group, and this value decreased with an increasing concentration of @entity58000 . In parallel, @entity58000 treatment increased the chemosensitivity of @entity0 cells to @entity3105 . The cell apoptosis and cell cycle anaysis indicated that the anti-proliferative effect of @entity58000 is in virtue of increased G0/G1 arrest and potentiated apoptosis. When combined with @entity58000 in MCF-7/ @entity3105 cell lines, the expression levels of the @entity5 suppressor gene @entity983 (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten) and the apoptosis-related proteins @entity522 and capsese-9 were significantly increased, while the expression of phosphorylated @entity584 was decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Our study has indicated a potential role for @entity58000 to increase the chemosensitivity of @entity0 cells to @entity3105 . This modulatory role was mediated by suppression of the @entity983 / @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway that led to apoptosis in MCF-7/ @entity3105 cells. This work suggests that @entity58000 may be used as a regulatory agent for treating @entity3105 resistance in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: XXXX alters chemosensitivity of @entity0 cells to @entity632 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity70657 :: ('MESH:C552199', 'Chemical') :: ['Gambogenic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity70657 :: (MESH:C552199,Chemical) :: ['Gambogenic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 remains a major health problem worldwide, and is becoming increasingly resistant to traditional drug treatments. For instance, @entity632 ( @entity3105 ) is beneficial for the treatment of @entity0 . However, its wide application often leads to drug resistance in clinic practice, which results in treatment failure. @entity70657 ( @entity58000 ), a polyprenylated @entity43765 isolated from the traditional medicine gamboge, has been reported to effectively inhibit the survival and proliferation of @entity5 cells. Its effects on @entity3105 resistance have not yet been reported in @entity0 . In this study, we examined the ability of @entity58000 to modulate @entity3105 resiatance and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process using a cell based in vitro system. METHODS: An @entity98 assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the drugs on the growth of MCF-7 and MCF-7/ @entity3105 cell lines. The effects of drugs on apoptosis were detected using @entity4404 APC/7-AAD double staining. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins and the proteins in the @entity983 / @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway were evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: In the MCF-7/ @entity3105 cell lines, the IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) of the group that received combined treatment with @entity58000 and @entity3105 was significantly lower than that in the @entity3105 group, and this value decreased with an increasing concentration of @entity58000 . In parallel, @entity58000 treatment increased the chemosensitivity of @entity0 cells to @entity3105 . The cell apoptosis and cell cycle anaysis indicated that the anti-proliferative effect of @entity58000 is in virtue of increased G0/G1 arrest and potentiated apoptosis. When combined with @entity58000 in MCF-7/ @entity3105 cell lines, the expression levels of the @entity5 suppressor gene @entity983 (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten) and the apoptosis-related proteins @entity522 and capsese-9 were significantly increased, while the expression of phosphorylated @entity584 was decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Our study has indicated a potential role for @entity58000 to increase the chemosensitivity of @entity0 cells to @entity3105 . This modulatory role was mediated by suppression of the @entity983 / @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway that led to apoptosis in MCF-7/ @entity3105 cells. This work suggests that @entity58000 may be used as a regulatory agent for treating @entity3105 resistance in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: @entity70657 alters chemosensitivity of XXXX cells to @entity632 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 remains a major health problem worldwide, and is becoming increasingly resistant to traditional drug treatments. For instance, @entity632 ( @entity3105 ) is beneficial for the treatment of @entity0 . However, its wide application often leads to drug resistance in clinic practice, which results in treatment failure. @entity70657 ( @entity58000 ), a polyprenylated @entity43765 isolated from the traditional medicine gamboge, has been reported to effectively inhibit the survival and proliferation of @entity5 cells. Its effects on @entity3105 resistance have not yet been reported in @entity0 . In this study, we examined the ability of @entity58000 to modulate @entity3105 resiatance and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process using a cell based in vitro system. METHODS: An @entity98 assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the drugs on the growth of MCF-7 and MCF-7/ @entity3105 cell lines. The effects of drugs on apoptosis were detected using @entity4404 APC/7-AAD double staining. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins and the proteins in the @entity983 / @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway were evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: In the MCF-7/ @entity3105 cell lines, the IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) of the group that received combined treatment with @entity58000 and @entity3105 was significantly lower than that in the @entity3105 group, and this value decreased with an increasing concentration of @entity58000 . In parallel, @entity58000 treatment increased the chemosensitivity of @entity0 cells to @entity3105 . The cell apoptosis and cell cycle anaysis indicated that the anti-proliferative effect of @entity58000 is in virtue of increased G0/G1 arrest and potentiated apoptosis. When combined with @entity58000 in MCF-7/ @entity3105 cell lines, the expression levels of the @entity5 suppressor gene @entity983 (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten) and the apoptosis-related proteins @entity522 and capsese-9 were significantly increased, while the expression of phosphorylated @entity584 was decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Our study has indicated a potential role for @entity58000 to increase the chemosensitivity of @entity0 cells to @entity3105 . This modulatory role was mediated by suppression of the @entity983 / @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway that led to apoptosis in MCF-7/ @entity3105 cells. This work suggests that @entity58000 may be used as a regulatory agent for treating @entity3105 resistance in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: @entity70657 alters chemosensitivity of @entity0 cells to XXXX .

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Adriamycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively validate a previously reported scoring system for identifying the near-term @entity1 at risk for the multiple organ system sequelae of acute perinatal @entity1763 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Three Denver teaching hospitals, each providing comprehensive obstetric care. SUBJECTS: Newborn @entity1 of 36 weeks or more gestation. INTERVENTION: None. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi-squared analysis with Fisher's exact test. OUTCOME: Scores consisting of graded abnormalities in fetal heart rate monitoring, umbilical arterial base deficit, and 5-minute Apgar score were calculated by the research nurse after admission of the @entity1 to the nursery (range of possible scores, 0 to 9). A second nurse, blinded to these data, prospectively followed the newborn's hospital course for multiple organ system morbidity. RESULTS: Three thousand two hundred thirty-eight newborns were studied; 366 required neonatal intensive care unit admission. Eleven newborns had a score > or = 6 (mean umbilical artery pH = 6.98, base deficit = 17.1 mEq/L). Morbidities in these 11 newborns included @entity410 (2), @entity2806 (5), respiratory distress (9), @entity551 (7), @entity8 (9), @entity4053 / @entity3747 (4), and @entity882 or disseminated @entity1003 (3). The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with a score > or = 6 for having multiple organ system morbidity, defined as three or more affected organ systems, was 38.5 (95% CI, 9.2 to 127.8). The scoring system showed a stronger relationship with multiple organ system morbidity than did isolated individual indicators commonly used to identify @entity1763 calculated on the same subjects: for those with pH < 7.00, @entity16545 (95% CI, 6.4 to 94.1); base deficit > or = 10 mEq/L, OR 4.5 (95% CI, 1.9 to 10.3), and 5-minute Apgar score < or = 3, OR 7.4 (95% CI, 1.3 to 38.1). CONCLUSION: This scoring system, encompassing both immediate intrapartum and postpartum measures and acid-base status proximate to the time of delivery, is useful for rapidly identifying the term and near-term newborn at risk for multiple organ system morbidity after acute perinatal @entity1763 .

title: Prospective validation of a scoring system for predicting neonatal morbidity after acute perinatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1763 :: (MESH:D001237,Disease) :: ['asphyxia']


abstract: A 61-year-old @entity1 with right @entity2 underwent right lower lobectomy. He suffered from @entity86 , which was treated with thoracic drainage. After disappearance of air leakage, a drainage tube was removed. Forty days later, severe @entity615 , cough and fever were observed. Chest computed tomography showed enlarged thoracic cavity around the bronchial stump. Bronchoscopical examination revealed complete dehiscence of the bronchial stump. Because thoracic cavity was localized and located dorsal to the bronchial stump, a fenestration surgery was difficult. We placed a nasal airway from the dorsal to directly thoracic cavity, followed by disappearance of the symptoms. @entity1514 around the bronchial stump was gradually decreased and a nasal airway was successfully removed. Because a nasal airway was soft enough to keep supine position, we chose it as a drainage tube. Thoracic drainage using nasal airway may be a suitable therapeutic approach for localized small thoracic cavity.

title: [Thoracic Drainage Using Nasal Airway for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic cavity']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative broncho-pleural fistula']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Broncho-pleural Fistula']


abstract: From 1994 to 2001 @entity661 was fulfilled for 19 @entity1 aged from 4 to 28 (mean 11.0+/-7.0) with @entity1498 . Early outcomes were satisfactory in all cases. Catheterization showed 10 mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure gradient (SPG). Long-term results (from 6 months to 8 years, mean 3.0+/-2.5) were evaluated with transthoracic EchoCG, Doppler ultrasound, duplex scanning of iliofemoral segment and CT-angiography with 3D reconstruction. Surgical outcomes were considered good when SPG did not exceed 20 mm Hg for Doppler ultrasound and 25 mm Hg for Doppler EchoCG. In the study group there was statistically significant decrease in arterial pressure in right upper limb and SPG (measured with both Doppler EchoCG and Doppler ultrasonography) and rise of ankle-brachial index. Beneficial hemodynamic effect was detected in 15 from 19 @entity1 (79%). Recoarctation has developed in 4 (21%) @entity1 , in 1 (5.3%) case it was combined with true posttraumatic aortic @entity439 . Three @entity1 underwent open surgical intervention with uneventful postoperative period. @entity384 of thoracic aorta has developed in 1 @entity1 (5.3%), non-progressive intimal dissection - in another one (5.3%), 2 @entity1 (10.5%) experienced ipsilateral 40-60% stenosis of right external iliac and femoral arteries. Thus good long-term outcomes of @entity661 in @entity1 with @entity1498 were achieved in 79% cases. @entity1 after @entity661 must be assessed regularly with non-invasive diagnostic methods such as Doppler ultrasonography, Doppler EchoCG, CT-angiography.

title: [Long-term outcomes of @entity661 for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['discrete type aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon angioplasty']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: From 1994 to 2001 @entity661 was fulfilled for 19 @entity1 aged from 4 to 28 (mean 11.0+/-7.0) with @entity1498 . Early outcomes were satisfactory in all cases. Catheterization showed 10 mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure gradient (SPG). Long-term results (from 6 months to 8 years, mean 3.0+/-2.5) were evaluated with transthoracic EchoCG, Doppler ultrasound, duplex scanning of iliofemoral segment and CT-angiography with 3D reconstruction. Surgical outcomes were considered good when SPG did not exceed 20 mm Hg for Doppler ultrasound and 25 mm Hg for Doppler EchoCG. In the study group there was statistically significant decrease in arterial pressure in right upper limb and SPG (measured with both Doppler EchoCG and Doppler ultrasonography) and rise of ankle-brachial index. Beneficial hemodynamic effect was detected in 15 from 19 @entity1 (79%). Recoarctation has developed in 4 (21%) @entity1 , in 1 (5.3%) case it was combined with true posttraumatic aortic @entity439 . Three @entity1 underwent open surgical intervention with uneventful postoperative period. @entity384 of thoracic aorta has developed in 1 @entity1 (5.3%), non-progressive intimal dissection - in another one (5.3%), 2 @entity1 (10.5%) experienced ipsilateral 40-60% stenosis of right external iliac and femoral arteries. Thus good long-term outcomes of @entity661 in @entity1 with @entity1498 were achieved in 79% cases. @entity1 after @entity661 must be assessed regularly with non-invasive diagnostic methods such as Doppler ultrasonography, Doppler EchoCG, CT-angiography.

title: [Long-term outcomes of XXXX for @entity1498 ].

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['balloon angioplasty']


abstract: Asthma in pregnancy has been associated with maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study examines the relations of @entity565 in pregnancy, its severity and its treatment to the labor process, maternal and fetal parameters. Hundred and one consecutive @entity748 @entity1 , who gave birth to single babies between November 1993 and November 1994 at the Soroka Medical Center were studied. A group of 77 nonasthmatic @entity1 , matched for age and ethnic origin, who gave birth to single babies during the same period served as controls. A larger percentage of @entity748 @entity1 suffered from @entity1729 than in the control group (p < 0.001). Severe @entity565 was associated with a higher rate of @entity281 than milder @entity565 (p = 0.01). The incidence of smoking was higher among @entity748 @entity1 than among controls (p = 0.037). No association was found between socioeconomic status and smoking or @entity281 . No association was found between maternal @entity565 or maternal use of corticosteroids and the following: maternal @entity101 , maternal @entity6 , low birth weight (< 2,500 g), @entity3152 (< 37 weeks), adequacy of weight to gestational age and Apgar scores. Three @entity1 with @entity4297 were born to @entity748 mothers. When the presentation of the fetus was not cephalic, all the @entity748 @entity1 were delivered by cesarean section, versus only 60% in the control group (p = 0.08). Labor was induced with @entity398 more often in the @entity565 group than in the control group (p = 0.07). We conclude that the labor and neonatal outcome in pregnant @entity748 @entity1 treated medically is good, even when @entity565 is severe and when the @entity1 is treated with @entity288 . There is, however, a relation between @entity565 in pregnancy, especially if severe, and predisposition to @entity281 .

title: Influence of XXXX in pregnancy on labor and the newborn.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory and urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Therapeutic interventions in the insulin-like growth factor receptor ( @entity2856 ) pathway were expected to provide clinical benefits; however, @entity2856 @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown limited antitumor efficacy, and the mechanisms conveying resistance to these agents remain elusive. METHODS: The expression and activation of the @entity2856 and @entity7242 were assessed via the analysis of a publicly available dataset, as well as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, RT-PCR, and in vitro kinase assays. The efficacy of @entity2856 TKIs alone or in combination with @entity7242 inhibitors was analyzed using @entity98 assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometric analysis, and xenograft @entity5 models. RESULTS: The co-activation of @entity2856 and @entity7242 was observed in multiple @entity1 NSCLC cell lines as well as in a tissue microarray (n   =   353). The @entity2856 and @entity7242 proteins mutually phosphorylate on their autophosphorylation sites. In high-pSrc-expressing NSCLC cells, @entity31057 treatment initially inactivated the @entity2856 pathway but led a @entity7242 -dependent reactivation of downstream effectors. In low-pSrc-expressing NSCLC cells, @entity31057 treatment decreased the turnover of the @entity2856 and @entity7242 proteins, ultimately amplifying the reciprocal co-activation of @entity2856 and @entity7242 . Co-targeting @entity2856 and @entity7242 significantly suppressed the proliferation and @entity5 growth of both high-pSrc-expressing and low-pSrc-expressing NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo and the growth of @entity1 -derived tissues in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Reciprocal activation between @entity7242 and @entity2856 occurs in NSCLC. @entity7242 causes @entity2856 TKI resistance by acting as a key downstream modulator of the cross-talk between multiple membrane receptors. Targeting @entity7242 is a clinically applicable strategy to overcome resistance to @entity2856 TKIs.

title: Targeting the insulin-like growth factor receptor and XXXX signaling network for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31057 :: ('MESH:C551528', 'Chemical') :: ['linsitinib']

answer: @entity7242 :: (6714,Gene) :: ['Src']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3330 ( @entity3330 ) tend to occur in Asian @entity1 with prolonged @entity5520 exposure. Hip geometry is thought to contribute to the risk of @entity3330 formation. We examined the hip structural geometry parameters in Asian female chronic @entity5520 users who sustained an @entity3330 and compared them to chronic @entity5520 users who did not sustain any @entity3330 (NFF) and @entity5520 - @entity4024  ve @entity1 who sustained an @entity3330 ( @entity3330 ). MATERIALS _ METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with AFFs were gender and age-matched to 31 @entity1 with NFFs and 49 @entity1 with OFFs. The Hip Structural Analysis parameters analyzed were @entity79 ( @entity79 ), cross-sectional area (CSA; a metric of resistance to axial compression), section modulus (SM; a metric of resistance to tensile loads), @entity121 ( @entity121 ; mean thickness of the femoral cortices), buckling ratio (BR; an index of likelihood of local buckling), and neck shaft angle (NSA; the angle between the neck and shaft axes). The regions analyzed were three cross-sections measured at the narrowest femoral neck diameter, the intertrochanteric area, and the proximal femoral shaft. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons was used to compare parameters between the three @entity1 groups, with statistical significance defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in parameters between @entity1 with AFFs and @entity1 with NFFs at all measured regions. @entity1 with AFFs and NFFs had statistically higher @entity79 , CSA, @entity121 , SM values and lower BR values at the @entity10575 and IT regions than @entity1 with OFFs. Additionally, @entity1 with NFFs had statistically higher SM values at the IT region than @entity1 with OFFs, while @entity1 with AFFs had statistically higher @entity79 , CSA, and @entity121 values at the FS region. All other measured parameters were not statistically different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic @entity5520 users with and without AFFs had similar femoral structural geometries. Unlike in other populations, varus neck shaft angles were not found to be associated with AFFs in Asian female chronic @entity5520 users. Thus, bone cross-sectional geometry is not likely to be associated with AFFs in Asian female chronic @entity5520 users. Hip Structural Analysis does not show an increased predilection for tensile failure in AFFs.

title: Bone cross-sectional geometry is not associated with atypical @entity3330 in Asian female chronic XXXX users.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['ACT', 'average cortical thickness']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture', 'AFF', 'OFF', 'osteoporotic femoral fracture', 'Atypical femoral fractures']

answer: @entity5520 :: (D004164,Chemical) :: ['bisphosphonate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3330 ( @entity3330 ) tend to occur in Asian @entity1 with prolonged @entity5520 exposure. Hip geometry is thought to contribute to the risk of @entity3330 formation. We examined the hip structural geometry parameters in Asian female chronic @entity5520 users who sustained an @entity3330 and compared them to chronic @entity5520 users who did not sustain any @entity3330 (NFF) and @entity5520 - @entity4024  ve @entity1 who sustained an @entity3330 ( @entity3330 ). MATERIALS _ METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with AFFs were gender and age-matched to 31 @entity1 with NFFs and 49 @entity1 with OFFs. The Hip Structural Analysis parameters analyzed were @entity79 ( @entity79 ), cross-sectional area (CSA; a metric of resistance to axial compression), section modulus (SM; a metric of resistance to tensile loads), @entity121 ( @entity121 ; mean thickness of the femoral cortices), buckling ratio (BR; an index of likelihood of local buckling), and neck shaft angle (NSA; the angle between the neck and shaft axes). The regions analyzed were three cross-sections measured at the narrowest femoral neck diameter, the intertrochanteric area, and the proximal femoral shaft. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons was used to compare parameters between the three @entity1 groups, with statistical significance defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in parameters between @entity1 with AFFs and @entity1 with NFFs at all measured regions. @entity1 with AFFs and NFFs had statistically higher @entity79 , CSA, @entity121 , SM values and lower BR values at the @entity10575 and IT regions than @entity1 with OFFs. Additionally, @entity1 with NFFs had statistically higher SM values at the IT region than @entity1 with OFFs, while @entity1 with AFFs had statistically higher @entity79 , CSA, and @entity121 values at the FS region. All other measured parameters were not statistically different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic @entity5520 users with and without AFFs had similar femoral structural geometries. Unlike in other populations, varus neck shaft angles were not found to be associated with AFFs in Asian female chronic @entity5520 users. Thus, bone cross-sectional geometry is not likely to be associated with AFFs in Asian female chronic @entity5520 users. Hip Structural Analysis does not show an increased predilection for tensile failure in AFFs.

title: Bone cross-sectional geometry is not associated with atypical XXXX in Asian female chronic @entity5520 users.

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['femoral fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background Elotuzumab, an immunostimulatory monoclonal antibody targeting signaling lymphocytic activation molecule F7 (SLAMF7), showed activity in combination with @entity6985 and @entity619 in a phase 1b-2 study in @entity1 with relapsed or refractory multiple @entity1582 . Methods In this phase 3 study, we randomly assigned @entity1 to receive either elotuzumab plus @entity6985 and @entity619 (elotuzumab group) or @entity6985 and @entity619 alone (control group). Coprimary end points were progression-free survival and the overall response rate. Final results for the coprimary end points are reported on the basis of a planned interim analysis of progression-free survival. Results Overall, 321 @entity1 were assigned to the elotuzumab group and 325 to the control group. After a median follow-up of 24.5 months, the rate of progression-free survival at 1 year in the elotuzumab group was 68%, as compared with 57% in the control group; at 2 years, the rates were 41% and 27%, respectively. Median progression-free survival in the elotuzumab group was 19.4 months, versus 14.9 months in the control group (hazard ratio for progression or @entity204 in the elotuzumab group, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.57 to 0.85; P<0.001). The overall response rate in the elotuzumab group was 79%, versus 66% in the control group (P<0.001). Common grade 3 or 4 adverse events in the two groups were @entity2905 , @entity1398 , fatigue, and @entity55 . Infusion reactions occurred in 33 @entity1 (10%) in the elotuzumab group and were grade 1 or 2 in 29 @entity1 . Conclusions @entity1 with relapsed or refractory multiple @entity1582 who received a combination of elotuzumab, @entity6985 , and @entity619 had a significant relative reduction of 30% in the risk of disease progression or @entity204 . (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and AbbVie Biotherapeutics; ELOQUENT-2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01239797 .).

title: Elotuzumab Therapy for Relapsed or Refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Multiple Myeloma']


abstract: The chronic and recurrent nature of major @entity308 is receiving increasing attention. Approximately eight of ten @entity1 experiencing a major @entity308 will have at least one more episode during their lifetime, i.e. recurrent major @entity308 . In the 1990s, prolonged or lifelong pharmacotherapy emerged as the main therapeutic tool for preventing relapses of @entity308 . This therapeutic approach is based on the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs compared with placebo in decreasing relapse risk and on the improved tolerability profile of the newer antidepressants compared with their older counterparts. However, outcome after discontinuation of antidepressant therapy does not seem to be affected by the duration of administration. Loss of clinical effects, despite adequate compliance, has also emerged as a vexing clinical problem. The use of intermittent pharmacotherapy with follow-up visits is an alternative therapeutic option. This leaves @entity1 with periods free of drugs and adverse effects and takes into account that a high proportion of @entity1 would discontinue the antidepressant anyway. However, the problems of resistance (that a drug treatment may be associated with a diminished chance of response in subsequent treatments in those @entity1 whose symptoms successfully responded to it but who discontinued it) and of discontinuation syndromes are substantial disadvantages of this therapeutic approach. In recent years, several controlled trials have suggested that sequential use of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of the acute @entity308 and psychotherapy in its residual phase may improve long-term outcome. @entity1 , however, need to be motivated for psychotherapy, and skilled therapists have to be available. Despite an impressive amount of research into the treatment of @entity308 , there is still a paucity of studies addressing the specific problems that prevention of recurrent @entity308 entails. It is important to discuss with the @entity1 the various therapeutic options and to adapt strategies to the specific needs of @entity1 .

title: Treatment of recurrent XXXX : a sequential psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression', 'depressive episode']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Extracorporeal life support has undergone a revolution in the past several years with the advent of new, miniaturized equipment and success in supporting @entity1 with a variety of illnesses. Most experience has come with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a modified form of cardiopulmonary bypass that can support the heart, lungs, and circulation for days to months at a time. To describe the recommendations for the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in @entity1 with @entity649 based on a review of the literature and expert opinion. DESIGN: Consensus conference of experts in pediatric @entity647 . METHODS: A panel of 27 experts met over the course of 2 years to develop a @entity649 and to make recommendations regarding treatment and research priorities. The extracorporeal support subgroup comprised two international experts. When published data were lacking, a modified Delphi approach emphasizing strong professional agreement was used. RESULTS: The Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference experts developed and voted on a total of 151 recommendations addressing the topics related to @entity649 , 11 of which related to extracorporeal support. All recommendations had agreement, with 10 recommendations (91%) achieving strong agreement. These recommendations included the utilization of extracorporeal support for reversible causes of @entity649 , consideration of quality of life when making the decision to use extracorporeal support, and the use of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry to report all extracorporeal support activity, among others. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for @entity649 could benefit from more specific data collection and collaboration of focused investigators to establish validated criteria for optimal application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and @entity1 management protocols. Until that time, consensus opinion offers some insight into guidelines.

title: Extracorporeal Support in @entity1 With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Proceedings From the Pediatric XXXX Consensus Conference.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['taxonomy to define pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome', 'pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'Acute Lung Injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['Acute Lung Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Extracorporeal life support has undergone a revolution in the past several years with the advent of new, miniaturized equipment and success in supporting @entity1 with a variety of illnesses. Most experience has come with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a modified form of cardiopulmonary bypass that can support the heart, lungs, and circulation for days to months at a time. To describe the recommendations for the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in @entity1 with @entity649 based on a review of the literature and expert opinion. DESIGN: Consensus conference of experts in pediatric @entity647 . METHODS: A panel of 27 experts met over the course of 2 years to develop a @entity649 and to make recommendations regarding treatment and research priorities. The extracorporeal support subgroup comprised two international experts. When published data were lacking, a modified Delphi approach emphasizing strong professional agreement was used. RESULTS: The Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference experts developed and voted on a total of 151 recommendations addressing the topics related to @entity649 , 11 of which related to extracorporeal support. All recommendations had agreement, with 10 recommendations (91%) achieving strong agreement. These recommendations included the utilization of extracorporeal support for reversible causes of @entity649 , consideration of quality of life when making the decision to use extracorporeal support, and the use of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry to report all extracorporeal support activity, among others. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for @entity649 could benefit from more specific data collection and collaboration of focused investigators to establish validated criteria for optimal application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and @entity1 management protocols. Until that time, consensus opinion offers some insight into guidelines.

title: Extracorporeal Support in XXXX With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Proceedings From the Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Multiciliated ependymal cells line the ventricles in the adult brain. Abnormal function or structure of ependymal cilia is associated with various @entity51 . The current ex vivo live imaging of motile ependymal cilia technique allows for a detailed study of ciliary dynamics following several steps. These steps include: @entity19 euthanasia with @entity544 according to protocols of The University of Toledo's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC); craniectomy followed by brain removal and sagittal brain dissection with a vibratome or sharp blade to obtain very thin sections through the brain lateral ventricles, where the ependymal cilia can be visualized. Incubation of the brain's slices in a customized glass-bottom plate containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)/High- @entity413 at 37   C in the presence of 95%/5% @entity3612 / @entity3158 mixture is essential to keep the tissue alive during the experiment. A video of the cilia beating is then recorded using a high-resolution differential interference contrast microscope. The video is then analyzed frame by frame to calculate the ciliary beating frequency. This allows distinct classification of the ependymal cells into three categories or types based on their ciliary beating frequency and angle. Furthermore, this technique allows the use of high-speed fluorescence imaging analysis to characterize the unique intracellular @entity460 oscillation properties of ependymal cells as well as the effect of pharmacological agents on the @entity460 oscillations and the ciliary beating frequency. In addition, this technique is suitable for immunofluorescence imaging for ciliary structure and ciliary protein localization studies. This is particularly important in disease diagnosis and phenotype studies. The main limitation of the technique is attributed to the decrease in live motile cilia movement as the brain tissue starts to die.

title: Live Imaging of the Ependymal Cilia in the Lateral Ventricles of the XXXX Brain.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide additional details and evidence behind the recommendations for outcomes assessment of @entity1 with @entity649 from the Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference. DESIGN: Consensus conference of experts in pediatric @entity647 . METHODS: A panel of 27 experts met over the course of 2 years to develop a @entity649 and to make recommendations regarding treatment and research priorities. The outcomes subgroup comprised four experts. When published data were lacking, a modified Delphi approach emphasizing strong professional agreement was used. RESULTS: The Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference experts developed and voted on a total of 151 recommendations addressing the topics related to @entity649 , seven of which related to outcomes after @entity649 . All seven recommendations had strong agreement. @entity1 with @entity649 continue to have a high mortality, specifically, in relation to certain comorbidities and etiologies related to @entity649 . Comorbid conditions, such as an immunocompromised state, increase the risk of mortality even further. Likewise, certain etiologies, such as @entity358 , also place @entity1 at a higher risk of mortality. Significant long-term effects were reported in adult survivors of @entity649 : diminished lung function and exercise tolerance, reduced quality of life, and diminished neurocognitive function. Little knowledge of long-term outcomes exists in @entity1 who survive @entity649 . Characterization of the longer term consequences of @entity649 in @entity1 is vital to help identify opportunities for improved therapeutic and rehabilitative strategies that will lessen the long-term burden of @entity649 and improve the quality of life in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The Consensus Conference developed pediatric-specific recommendations for @entity649 regarding outcome measures and future research priorities. These recommendations are intended to promote optimization and consistency of care for @entity1 with @entity649 and identify areas of uncertainty requiring further investigation.

title: The Outcomes of @entity1 With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Proceedings From the Pediatric XXXX Consensus Conference.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['taxonomy to define pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome', 'pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['non-pulmonary sepsis']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['Acute Lung Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide additional details and evidence behind the recommendations for outcomes assessment of @entity1 with @entity649 from the Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference. DESIGN: Consensus conference of experts in pediatric @entity647 . METHODS: A panel of 27 experts met over the course of 2 years to develop a @entity649 and to make recommendations regarding treatment and research priorities. The outcomes subgroup comprised four experts. When published data were lacking, a modified Delphi approach emphasizing strong professional agreement was used. RESULTS: The Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference experts developed and voted on a total of 151 recommendations addressing the topics related to @entity649 , seven of which related to outcomes after @entity649 . All seven recommendations had strong agreement. @entity1 with @entity649 continue to have a high mortality, specifically, in relation to certain comorbidities and etiologies related to @entity649 . Comorbid conditions, such as an immunocompromised state, increase the risk of mortality even further. Likewise, certain etiologies, such as @entity358 , also place @entity1 at a higher risk of mortality. Significant long-term effects were reported in adult survivors of @entity649 : diminished lung function and exercise tolerance, reduced quality of life, and diminished neurocognitive function. Little knowledge of long-term outcomes exists in @entity1 who survive @entity649 . Characterization of the longer term consequences of @entity649 in @entity1 is vital to help identify opportunities for improved therapeutic and rehabilitative strategies that will lessen the long-term burden of @entity649 and improve the quality of life in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The Consensus Conference developed pediatric-specific recommendations for @entity649 regarding outcome measures and future research priorities. These recommendations are intended to promote optimization and consistency of care for @entity1 with @entity649 and identify areas of uncertainty requiring further investigation.

title: The Outcomes of XXXX With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Proceedings From the Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity19 that exercise after meals gain less body weight and visceral fat compared to those that exercised before meals under a one meal/exercise time per day schedule. @entity1 generally eat two or three meals per day, and rarely have only one meal. To extend our previous observations, we examined here whether a "two meals, two exercise sessions per day" schedule was optimal in terms of maintaining a healthy body weight. In this experiment, "morning" refers to the beginning of the active phase (the "morning" for nocturnal animals). We found that 2-h feeding before 2-h exercise in the morning and evening (F-Ex/F-Ex) resulted in greater attenuation of high fat diet (HFD)-induced @entity1017 compared to other combinations of feeding and exercise under two daily meals and two daily exercise periods. There were no significant differences in total food intake and total wheel counts, but feeding before exercise in the morning groups (F-Ex/F-Ex and F-Ex/Ex-F) increased the morning wheel counts. These results suggest that habitual exercise after feeding in the morning and evening is more effective for preventing HFD-induced @entity1017 . We also determined whether there were any correlations between food intake, wheel rotation, visceral fat volume and skeletal muscle volumes. We found positive associations between gastrocnemius muscle volumes and morning wheel counts, as well as negative associations between morning food intake volumes/body weight and morning wheel counts. These results suggest that morning exercise-induced increase of muscle volume may refer to anti- @entity28 . Evening exercise is negatively associated with fat volume increases, suggesting that this practice may counteract fat deposition. Our multifactorial analysis revealed that morning food intake helps to increase exercise, and that evening exercise reduced fat volumes. Thus, exercise in the morning or evening is important for preventing the onset of @entity28 .

title: Eating meals before wheel-running exercise attenuate high fat diet-driven XXXX in @entity19 under two meals per day schedule.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity19 that exercise after meals gain less body weight and visceral fat compared to those that exercised before meals under a one meal/exercise time per day schedule. @entity1 generally eat two or three meals per day, and rarely have only one meal. To extend our previous observations, we examined here whether a "two meals, two exercise sessions per day" schedule was optimal in terms of maintaining a healthy body weight. In this experiment, "morning" refers to the beginning of the active phase (the "morning" for nocturnal animals). We found that 2-h feeding before 2-h exercise in the morning and evening (F-Ex/F-Ex) resulted in greater attenuation of high fat diet (HFD)-induced @entity1017 compared to other combinations of feeding and exercise under two daily meals and two daily exercise periods. There were no significant differences in total food intake and total wheel counts, but feeding before exercise in the morning groups (F-Ex/F-Ex and F-Ex/Ex-F) increased the morning wheel counts. These results suggest that habitual exercise after feeding in the morning and evening is more effective for preventing HFD-induced @entity1017 . We also determined whether there were any correlations between food intake, wheel rotation, visceral fat volume and skeletal muscle volumes. We found positive associations between gastrocnemius muscle volumes and morning wheel counts, as well as negative associations between morning food intake volumes/body weight and morning wheel counts. These results suggest that morning exercise-induced increase of muscle volume may refer to anti- @entity28 . Evening exercise is negatively associated with fat volume increases, suggesting that this practice may counteract fat deposition. Our multifactorial analysis revealed that morning food intake helps to increase exercise, and that evening exercise reduced fat volumes. Thus, exercise in the morning or evening is important for preventing the onset of @entity28 .

title: Eating meals before wheel-running exercise attenuate high fat diet-driven @entity28 in XXXX under two meals per day schedule.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: We investigated whether adults with healthy vision can move their eyes toward an informative target area that is initially hidden by a gaze-contingent @entity1019 in the periphery when they are under time pressure. In the experimental task, @entity1 had to perform an object-comparison task requiring a same-different judgment about two silhouettes. One silhouette was visible, whereas the other was hidden under the @entity1019 . Despite time pressure and the presence of the visible silhouette, most @entity1 were able to move their eyes toward the informative region to reveal the hidden silhouette. Saccades to the hidden stimulus occurred when the visible stimulus was presented directly opposite in either fixed or variable locations and when the visible stimulus was presented at an adjacent location. Older @entity1 were also able to perform this task. First saccades in the direction of the hidden stimulus had longer latencies compared with saccades toward the visible stimulus. This suggests the use of a deliberate, nonreflexive saccade strategy ("stop before you saccade"). A subset of @entity1 occasionally made curved saccades that were aimed first toward the visible stimulus and then toward the hidden stimulus. We discuss the implications of our findings for @entity1 who have a biological @entity1019 , for example, in @entity1020 .

title: Stop before you saccade: Looking into an artificial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1019 :: (MESH:D012607,Disease) :: ['peripheral scotoma']


abstract: Coccolithophores impact the ocean @entity505 cycle principally through the generation of @entity515 during @entity16415 production. Coccolithophore biomineralization has been examined most extensively in Pleurochrysis carterae and @entity11588 both of which produce mineralized scales-coccoliths-composed of elaborate calcite crystals attached to an underlying organic base plate. Calcification of preformed base plates is mediated by acidic polysaccharides and occurs in Golgi-derived structures known as mineralizing vesicles. In Pleurochrysis a high capacity @entity460 -binding polysaccharide PS2 is required for efficient nucleation of calcitic protocrystals. A galacturonomannan PS3 is required for the growth and transformation of the protocrystals into a massive double disc of calcite. The genes that regulate expression of the glycans have not yet been identified. In addition to the coccolith-bearing diploid phases, Pleurochrysis and Emiliania possess both haploid and diploid non-calcifying stages, which are self-perpetuating via binary fission. One non-calcifying Pleurochrysis phase fails to synthesis PS2 and spontaneously reverts to the mineralizing morphotype in laboratory cultures. As yet, there is little information on environmental factors that effect the expression or silencing of calcifying genes or favor the growth of calcifying over non-calcifying phases. These issues will need extensive investigation, if we are to appreciate the role of coccolithophores in the regulation of atmospheric @entity515 levels.

title: Regulation of XXXX formation in coccolithophores.

entities_list: @entity11588 :: ('2903', 'Species') :: ['Emiliania huxleyi']

answer: @entity16415 :: (CHEBI:3311,Chemical) :: ['CaCO(3)']


abstract: The in vitro protein-chemical features and the molecular background of @entity6926 ( @entity6926 ), a heritable disorder of collagen I metabolism, have been elucidated in recent years. The aim of our study was to find the prevalence of @entity8804 ( @entity8804 ) and other @entity4500 in 88 @entity1 with @entity6926 , to compare clinical with radiologic abnormalities, and to correlate these clinical/radiologic findings with the results of gel electrophoresis and molecular studies of collagen I. Twenty-eight percent of @entity6926 @entity1 had @entity8804 . Most @entity1 with @entity8804 had radiologic abnormalities, but some @entity1 had radiologic signs compatible with @entity8804 , but no clinical signs of @entity8804 . @entity6926 @entity1 with @entity8804 were more severely affected by @entity6926 than those without @entity8804 . In @entity18456 and IV, in contrast, there was no difference in overall severity between @entity1 with and without @entity8804 . @entity8804 was not associated with any particular molecular aberration in any @entity6926 type. If defining @entity8804 from the presence of both clinical and radiologic signs, collagen I produced by cultured fibroblasts was qualitatively abnormal from all @entity6926 @entity1 with @entity8804 . Some @entity6926 @entity1 had dental abnormalities not resembling @entity8804 . A qualitative collagen abnormality could not be found in any of these @entity1 . Denticles, i.e., calcifications within the @entity3466 , were found more frequently in @entity6926 @entity1 than in control subjects.

title: Dental manifestations of XXXX and abnormalities of collagen I metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8804 :: ('MESH:D003811', 'Disease') :: ['dentinogenesis imperfecta', 'DI']

entities_list: @entity3466 :: ('MESH:D003784', 'Disease') :: ['pulpal cavity']

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['dental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta', 'OI', 'OI type I']

answer: @entity6926 :: (MESH:D010013,Disease) :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']