abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have previously shown that polyclonal natural IgM protects @entity19 from @entity8 /reperfusion injury (IRI) by inhibiting the reperfusion inflammatory response. We hypothesized that a potential mechanism involved IgM modulation of dendritic cells (DC), as we observed high IgM binding to splenic DC. To test this hypothesis, we pretreated bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) with polyclonal murine or @entity1 IgM prior to @entity558 activation and demonstrated that 0.5 * 10(6) IgM/ @entity558 -pretreated BMDC, when injected into wild-type C57BL/6 @entity19 24 h before @entity8 , protect @entity19 from developing renal IRI. We show that this switching of @entity558 -activated BMDC to a regulatory phenotype requires modulation of BMDC function that is mediated by IgM binding to nonapoptotic BMDC receptors. Regulatory BMDC require @entity1618 and programmed death 1 as well as downregulation of @entity14636 and @entity1992 NF-kB phosphorylation to protect in renal IRI. Blocking the programmed death ligand 1 binding site just before i.v. injection of IgM/ @entity558 -pretreated BMDC or using @entity1618 knockout BMDC fails to induce protection. Similarly, IgM/ @entity558 -pretreated BMDC are rendered nonprotective by increasing @entity14636 expression and phosphorylation of @entity1992 NF-kB. How IgM/ @entity558 regulatory BMDC suppress in vivo @entity63 -induced @entity32 remains to be determined. However, we show that suppression is dependent on other in vivo regulatory mechanisms in the host, that is, @entity3783 (+) T cells, B cells, @entity1618 , and circulating IgM. There was no increase in @entity3744 (+) regulatory T cells in the spleen either before or after renal IRI. Collectively, these findings show that natural IgM anti-leukocyte Abs can switch BMDC to a regulatory phenotype despite the presence of @entity558 that ordinarily induces BMDC maturation.

title: Natural IgM Switches the Function of Lipopolysaccharide-Activated XXXX Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells to a Regulatory Dendritic Cell That Suppresses Innate Inflammation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['innate inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: Three abomasal infusion trials were to determine the first-limiting @entity535 for @entity1568 retention of postweaned Holstein bull @entity291 fed a starter ration based on cereal by-product feeds. Ration ingredients contributed the following percentages of total @entity1522 : @entity3505 middlings 38, brewer's grains 24, hominy feed 21, oat hulls 10, distiller's grains 6, and molasses 1. Dry matter of the pelleted ration contained 13 to 14% crude protein and .23 to .26% @entity599 . Each trial was a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square with 9-day periods. @entity291 were weaned at 4 wk and infusions initiated at 5 to 6 wk of age. Abomasal infusion of the 10 essential @entity1522 , an isonitrogenous quantity of an equimolar mixture of @entity493 , @entity2734 , @entity2227 , @entity2228 , and @entity563 , or an isocaloric quantity of @entity413 indicated that essential @entity535 (s) rather than nonspecific @entity1568 or energy was limiting protein synthesis. Quadratic responses in urine @entity1568 excretion and retained @entity1568 occurred when 0, .3, .6, and 1.2 g @entity1853 /kg starter ration were infused. Greatest responses occurred with .6 g @entity1853 , which increased retained @entity1568 11 and 19% and decreased urine @entity1568 7 and 10%. The relationship between infused @entity1853 and plasma @entity1853 was linear. Infusions in all trials had no effect on digestibility of energy and @entity1568 .

title: Response to abomasal infusion of @entity1853 of weaned dairy XXXX fed a complete pelleted starter ration based on by-product feeds.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine', 'L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calves']


abstract: Three abomasal infusion trials were to determine the first-limiting @entity535 for @entity1568 retention of postweaned Holstein bull @entity291 fed a starter ration based on cereal by-product feeds. Ration ingredients contributed the following percentages of total @entity1522 : @entity3505 middlings 38, brewer's grains 24, hominy feed 21, oat hulls 10, distiller's grains 6, and molasses 1. Dry matter of the pelleted ration contained 13 to 14% crude protein and .23 to .26% @entity599 . Each trial was a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square with 9-day periods. @entity291 were weaned at 4 wk and infusions initiated at 5 to 6 wk of age. Abomasal infusion of the 10 essential @entity1522 , an isonitrogenous quantity of an equimolar mixture of @entity493 , @entity2734 , @entity2227 , @entity2228 , and @entity563 , or an isocaloric quantity of @entity413 indicated that essential @entity535 (s) rather than nonspecific @entity1568 or energy was limiting protein synthesis. Quadratic responses in urine @entity1568 excretion and retained @entity1568 occurred when 0, .3, .6, and 1.2 g @entity1853 /kg starter ration were infused. Greatest responses occurred with .6 g @entity1853 , which increased retained @entity1568 11 and 19% and decreased urine @entity1568 7 and 10%. The relationship between infused @entity1853 and plasma @entity1853 was linear. Infusions in all trials had no effect on digestibility of energy and @entity1568 .

title: Response to abomasal infusion of XXXX of weaned dairy @entity291 fed a complete pelleted starter ration based on by-product feeds.

answer: @entity1853 :: (MESH:D008715,Chemical) :: ['methionine']


abstract: The characterization of molecular changes in diseased tissues gives insight into pathophysiological mechanisms and is important for therapeutic development. Genome-wide gene expression analysis has proven valuable for identifying biological processes in @entity179 using post mortem @entity1 brain tissue and numerous datasets are publically available. However, many studies utilize heterogeneous tissue samples consisting of multiple cell types, all of which contribute to global gene expression values, confounding biological interpretation of the data. In particular, changes in numbers of neuronal and glial cells occurring in neurodegeneration confound transcriptomic analyses, particularly in @entity1 brain tissues where sample availability and controls are limited. To identify cell specific gene expression changes in @entity179 , we have applied our recently published computational deconvolution method, population specific expression analysis (PSEA). PSEA estimates cell-type-specific expression values using reference expression measures, which in the case of brain tissue comprises mRNAs with cell-type-specific expression in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. As an exercise in PSEA implementation and hypothesis development regarding @entity179 , we applied PSEA to @entity191 and @entity2033 ( @entity1726 , @entity2033 ) datasets. Genes identified as differentially expressed in substantia nigra pars compacta neurons by PSEA were validated using external laser capture microdissection data. Network analysis and Annotation Clustering (DAVID) identified molecular processes implicated by differential gene expression in specific cell types. The results of these analyses provided new insights into the implementation of PSEA in brain tissues and additional refinement of molecular signatures in @entity1 @entity2033 and @entity1726 .

title: Computational deconvolution of genome wide expression data from @entity191 and XXXX brain tissues using population-specific expression analysis.

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington's disease']


abstract: The characterization of molecular changes in diseased tissues gives insight into pathophysiological mechanisms and is important for therapeutic development. Genome-wide gene expression analysis has proven valuable for identifying biological processes in @entity179 using post mortem @entity1 brain tissue and numerous datasets are publically available. However, many studies utilize heterogeneous tissue samples consisting of multiple cell types, all of which contribute to global gene expression values, confounding biological interpretation of the data. In particular, changes in numbers of neuronal and glial cells occurring in neurodegeneration confound transcriptomic analyses, particularly in @entity1 brain tissues where sample availability and controls are limited. To identify cell specific gene expression changes in @entity179 , we have applied our recently published computational deconvolution method, population specific expression analysis (PSEA). PSEA estimates cell-type-specific expression values using reference expression measures, which in the case of brain tissue comprises mRNAs with cell-type-specific expression in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. As an exercise in PSEA implementation and hypothesis development regarding @entity179 , we applied PSEA to @entity191 and @entity2033 ( @entity1726 , @entity2033 ) datasets. Genes identified as differentially expressed in substantia nigra pars compacta neurons by PSEA were validated using external laser capture microdissection data. Network analysis and Annotation Clustering (DAVID) identified molecular processes implicated by differential gene expression in specific cell types. The results of these analyses provided new insights into the implementation of PSEA in brain tissues and additional refinement of molecular signatures in @entity1 @entity2033 and @entity1726 .

title: Computational deconvolution of genome wide expression data from XXXX and @entity2033 brain tissues using population-specific expression analysis.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) approach was developed and validated for the determination of @entity71883 (GL) in @entity35 plasma and tissues using @entity3175 as @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ). Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole MS system using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode in positive mode. Sample preparation was carried out through a liquid-liquid extraction with @entity1046 . The chromatographic separation was achieved by using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq column with a mobile phase of 0.5% aqueous @entity5189 (A) and @entity1042 (B). The monitored transitions were set at m/z 391.14 > 271.10 for GL and m/z 285.08 > 193.10 for @entity3538 , respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of GL in @entity35 after intravenous administration. Good linearity was found between 2.5-2000ng/mL (r>0.996) for plasma samples, and calibration curves were also linear for other tissue samples over a wide range. The results indicated that GL has linear pharmacokinetic properties after intravenous administration at three doses. GL could distribute to tissues quickly and the major distribution tissue of GL in @entity35 was liver. This was the first report of pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution data for GL.

title: Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of XXXX in @entity35 by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['internal standard', 'IS']

entities_list: @entity71883 :: ('MESH:C481152', 'Chemical') :: ['ginkgolide L']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity71883 :: (MESH:C481152,Chemical) :: ['ginkgolide L']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) approach was developed and validated for the determination of @entity71883 (GL) in @entity35 plasma and tissues using @entity3175 as @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ). Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole MS system using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode in positive mode. Sample preparation was carried out through a liquid-liquid extraction with @entity1046 . The chromatographic separation was achieved by using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq column with a mobile phase of 0.5% aqueous @entity5189 (A) and @entity1042 (B). The monitored transitions were set at m/z 391.14 > 271.10 for GL and m/z 285.08 > 193.10 for @entity3538 , respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of GL in @entity35 after intravenous administration. Good linearity was found between 2.5-2000ng/mL (r>0.996) for plasma samples, and calibration curves were also linear for other tissue samples over a wide range. The results indicated that GL has linear pharmacokinetic properties after intravenous administration at three doses. GL could distribute to tissues quickly and the major distribution tissue of GL in @entity35 was liver. This was the first report of pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution data for GL.

title: Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of @entity71883 in XXXX by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The "Ice Bucket Challenge" was an activity launched to promote awareness of @entity746 ( @entity746 ) and encourage donations to research for this disease. The campaign went viral on social media during July to August 2014. It consisted in nominating @entity1 and challenging them to donate 100 dollars to the @entity746 Association or pour a bucket of ice water over their head and post the video on the web. @entity1 in turn then had to challenge others to do the same. The initiative was hugely successful, involved millions of @entity1 and, just in the US, collected 35 times more money than in the same time period in 2013. We analyzed possible factors that determined the success of this initiative, to identify strengths and weaknesses of the activity and evaluate the possibility of applying the same model to promote @entity283 interventions. Several features of the challenge were identified as strengths: the involvement of wellknown @entity1 from different contexts, the "public platform" which triggers a positive combination of competitiveness, social pressure and narcissism, the chain-letter like method of nomination, the ironic and entertaining nature of the performance. Besides these strengths, weaknesses were also identified: information spread via social media can only partially reach potential donors and supporters, due to the digital divide phenomenon which excludes @entity1 who do not have web access. Also, it is not possible to predict if the message will be long-lasting or will cease shortly after the end of the campaign. The latter could be acceptable for fund-raising, where the aim is simply to collect as much money as possible, but not for a @entity283 intervention program, whose success requires that the intended message has a long-lasting effect to produce an effective change in @entity1 's behavior. Despite the above-mentioned limits, social networks undeniably show great potential to spread messages to the community and to involve a large number of @entity1 . Their use as a complementary tool to increase the effectiveness of @entity283 campaigns should therefore be encouraged.

title: [The "Ice Bucket Challenge": wondering about the impact of social networks to promote XXXX interventions].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['public health']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['public health']


abstract: A case of recurrent multiple @entity299 was presented. The @entity1 was a 27-year-old housewife. Four years ago, she underwent urgent resection of a left @entity4615 and replacement of the interatrial septum with a patch graft by right atrial approach. The @entity5 was very friable and a part of the @entity5 dropped into cardiac chambers during the operation, and immediately saline lavage and aspiration were performed. The recovery was uneventful. On March, 1981, she was readmitted to our hospital because of increasing dry cough. Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated abnormal masses in the right atrium, right ventricle, and left atrium. Open heart surgery revealed three independent @entity5 , which were successfully removed. All @entity5 were @entity3291 histologically. The @entity1 returned to full-time housework again. A case of recurrent @entity3291 has not been previously reported. The recurrence of the @entity3291 in our case is thought to be caused by implantation of @entity5 cells during the initial operative procedure. Our case will suggest the malignant potentiality of @entity299 . The necessity of radical excision and gentle handling of the @entity5 during the operation are reemphasized. Postoperative follow-up study is also mandatory for early detection of the recurrence of this potentially malignant @entity5 .

title: [Recurrent multiple XXXX : report of a case].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myxomas', 'myxoma', 'benign myxomas']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxoma', 'cardiac myxomas']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac myxomas']


abstract: @entity32493 is fusiform dilatation of internal jugular vein seen in childrens. It usually occurs in @entity1 but can occur at any age. It usually presents as unilateral swelling in the neck found during coughing and shouting. It is usually asymptomatic, so it is often ignored or misdiagnosed. Differential diagnosis include laryngocele, @entity2477 , @entity3609 , @entity12743 . Treatment is usually conservative as complications like @entity715 and @entity4820 are very rare. Non invasive investigations like Doppler sonogram and are usually done to diagnose this condition. We report two cases of @entity32493 , who presented to our out @entity1 department with history of swelling in the right side of neck which increases on crying and shouting. Doppler sonogram and ultrasound was done to diagnose the condition. There seems be lack of knowledge among medical fraternity in various specialities. So a questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge among resident doctors, general practitioners, Otorhinolaryngologists, paediatricians. Questionnaire was posted in social networking sites and the feedback was obtained. Out of the 150 interns in our hospital, only one (0.66  %) was able to explain about the condition. In general practitioners group containing 369 respondents, only 4 (1.08  %) knew the condition and have seen @entity1 . A pediatricians group containing 312 respondents only 23 (7.37  %) pediatricians knew the condition, 289 (92.62  %) @entity1 had no idea about the treatment. Otorhinolaryngologists group containing 328 respondents. 21 (6.40  %) knew the condition, 293 (89.3  %) have no idea. The Chi square test shows that the specialty of the respondent like pediatrician and ENT practitioner have more knowledge than the other for @entity32493 at p  <  0.0001.

title: XXXX : clinical scenario in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic hygroma']

entities_list: @entity32493 :: ('MESH:C566806', 'Disease') :: ['jugular phlebectasia', 'Jugular phlebectasia']

entities_list: @entity12743 :: ('MESH:D001935', 'Disease') :: ['branchial cyst']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ['horners syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity32493 :: (MESH:C566806,Disease) :: ['Jugular phlebectasia']


abstract: Hematogenous @entity3 is the most common form of @entity3 in @entity135 , and reports have described successful resection of pulmonary metastases of such @entity5 . We report treatment outcomes after surgical resection of pulmonary metastases of @entity135 and identify prognostic factors. This clinicopathologic study investigated the clinical records of 16 @entity1 with pulmonary metastases of @entity135 (excepting cases of @entity259 ) who had undergone metastasectomy at our center during the period 2001-2012. The mean age of the 16 @entity1 (11 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ) was 62.1  years. The mean interval between completion of successful treatment of the @entity5 and detection of pulmonary @entity3 was 21  months (range, 6-56  months). All @entity1 underwent pulmonary resection. The overall 1-year survival rate was 79.4  %, and the 2- to 5-year survival rate was 63.2  %. These rates compare favorably to those in previous reports on resection of pulmonary metastases. When prognostic factors for survival rates were compared, the factors associated with a negative prognosis were a disease-free interval of <12  months and partial resection of pulmonary metastases. Multivariate analysis did not reveal any prognostic factors associated with negative outcomes. Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases of @entity135 might improve outcomes.

title: Therapeutic outcome after resection of pulmonary XXXX from @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Hematogenous @entity3 is the most common form of @entity3 in @entity135 , and reports have described successful resection of pulmonary metastases of such @entity5 . We report treatment outcomes after surgical resection of pulmonary metastases of @entity135 and identify prognostic factors. This clinicopathologic study investigated the clinical records of 16 @entity1 with pulmonary metastases of @entity135 (excepting cases of @entity259 ) who had undergone metastasectomy at our center during the period 2001-2012. The mean age of the 16 @entity1 (11 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ) was 62.1  years. The mean interval between completion of successful treatment of the @entity5 and detection of pulmonary @entity3 was 21  months (range, 6-56  months). All @entity1 underwent pulmonary resection. The overall 1-year survival rate was 79.4  %, and the 2- to 5-year survival rate was 63.2  %. These rates compare favorably to those in previous reports on resection of pulmonary metastases. When prognostic factors for survival rates were compared, the factors associated with a negative prognosis were a disease-free interval of <12  months and partial resection of pulmonary metastases. Multivariate analysis did not reveal any prognostic factors associated with negative outcomes. Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases of @entity135 might improve outcomes.

title: Therapeutic outcome after resection of pulmonary @entity3 from XXXX .

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the underlying clinical decision-making rationale among general pediatricians, family physicians, pediatric cardiologists and pediatric nephrologists in their approach to an adolescent with @entity101 . METHODS: We conducted semi-structured phone interviews with a convenience sample of physicians from the above-mentioned 4 specialties. Each @entity1 was asked to "think aloud" regarding their approach to a hypothetical @entity1 - 12 year old @entity1 with persistent @entity101 for 6 months. Standardized open-ended questions about potential factors that could affect physicians' diagnosis and treatment strategies (e.g., @entity1 age) were used. Interviews were audio-recorded; transcribed verbatim; transcripts were independently coded by 2 investigators; emergent themes identified and inter-coder agreement achieved. Thematic analysis was performed based on grounded theory. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 included 5 general pediatricians, 5 pediatric cardiologists, 5 pediatric nephrologists and 4 family physicians. Five themes emerged: 1) Accuracy of blood pressure measurement and @entity101 diagnosis, 2) Shift in the epidemiology of pediatric @entity101 from secondary to primary @entity101 , 3) @entity1 characteristics considered in the decision to initiate workup, 4) Obesity-centered choice of diagnostic tests and lifestyle modifications, and 5) Variable threshold for initiating antihypertensive pharmacotherapy vs. referral to @entity101 specialists. CONCLUSIONS: There is variation across primary care and specialty physicians who provide care for @entity1 and adolescents with @entity101 . Key areas of variability include the willingness to initiate antihypertensive medications, the use of diagnostic tests (e.g., ambulatory blood pressure monitoring), and the perceived need for specialty referral. Further study is needed to assess whether different treatment paradigms result in differential @entity1 outcomes.

title: Underlying Rationale and Approach to Treat XXXX in Adolescents by Physicians of Different Specialty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant', 'patient', 'Patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: The circumstances under which a novel odor could elicit nipple attachment behavior in 3-day-old albino @entity35 were investigated. In Experiment 1, @entity35 suckled washed nipples scented with @entity22529 (a lemon odor) only if they either had received tactile stimulation (by stroking with a soft artist's brush) or had been administered @entity4944 in the presence of @entity22529 prior to the suckling test. Pups stimulated in @entity22529 's absence or simply exposed to @entity22529 without stimulation failed to suckle such nipples. In Experiment 2, @entity35 stimulated in a @entity32128 (an almond odor) ambience suckled washed nipples scented with @entity32128 but not those with @entity22529 scent. The opposite held for @entity35 stimulated in a @entity22529 -rich environment. The stimulus conditions that support this conditioning were investigated in Experiment 3. Simultaneously increasing @entity22529 concentration and raising ambient temperature markedly attenuated the phenomenon. Experiment 4 demonstrated that not all classes of stimulation produced conditioning. @entity5834 , in a wide range of doses, did not allow @entity22529 to elicit suckling on washed nipples. These findings are discussed within a framework of higher order conditioning. They may provide a mechanism by which naturally occurring stimuli come to elicit the species- and age-typical behavior of suckling.

title: Activation and odor conditioning of suckling behavior in 3-day-old albino XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32128 :: ('MESH:C032175', 'Chemical') :: ['benzaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine week 52 efficacy and safety outcomes in eyes with @entity1103 after @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ) treated with 2 mg intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) compared with grid laser. DESIGN: VIBRANT was a double-masked, randomized, phase 3 trial. @entity1 : Eyes randomized and treated in VIBRANT were followed to week  52. METHODS: In the IAI group, eyes received IAI every 4 weeks through week 24 and IAI every 8 weeks through week 48 with rescue grid laser if needed at week 36. In the grid laser group, all eyes received grid laser at baseline and, if prespecified rescue criteria were met, 1 additional laser from week 12 to 20 and IAI every 8 weeks after 3 monthly doses from week 24 onward (the laser/IAI group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was percentage of eyes with improvement from baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) letter score >= 15 at week 24. All outcome measures at week 52 were exploratory, and P values are considered nominal. RESULTS: The percentage of eyes with improvement from baseline letter score >= 15 in the IAI and laser/IAI groups was 52.7% versus 26.7% (P  = 0.0003) at week 24 and 57.1% versus 41.1% (P  = 0.0296) at week 52. The corresponding mean change from baseline BCVA letter score was 17.0 versus 6.9 (P < 0.0001) at week 24 and 17.1 versus 12.2 (P  = 0.0035) at week 52. The mean reduction from baseline central retinal thickness was 280.5  m versus 128.0  m (P < 0.0001) at week 24 and 283.9  m versus 249.3  m (P  = 0.0218) at week 52. In the IAI group, 10.6% of eyes received rescue laser at week 36, and in the laser/IAI group, 80.7% received rescue IAI from week 24 to week 48. Traumatic @entity231 in 1 eye (1.1%) in the IAI group was the only ocular serious adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: After 6 monthly IAI, injections every 8 weeks maintained control of @entity1103 and @entity227 through week 52. In the laser group, rescue IAI given from week 24 onward resulted in substantial visual improvements at week  52.

title: Intravitreal Aflibercept for Macular Edema Following Branch XXXX : 52-Week Results of the VIBRANT Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual benefits']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion', 'BRVO']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['Retinal Vein Occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: MEPs are used as surrogate endpoints to predict the effectiveness of interventions, made in response to MEP deterioration, in avoiding new @entity86 . MEP performance in capturing intervention effects on these outcomes was investigated. METHODS: A meta-analysis of studies using MEPs during intracranial vascular surgeries between 2003 and 2014 was performed. MEP diagnostic performance and relative risk of new @entity86 for reversible compared with irreversible MEP changes were determined. Intervention efficacy in reversing MEP deterioration and postoperative outcomes was compared across studies. RESULTS: MEP diagnostic performance compared favorably with that of other tests used in medicine, with all likelihood ratios >10. The summary relative risk comparing reversible and irreversible changes was 0.40, indicating a 60% decrease in new deficits for reversible MEP changes. The proportion of @entity5122 which recovered was negatively correlated with the proportion of new @entity86 (r=-0.81, p<.005). CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of interventions in recovering an MEP decline was predictive of preserved neurologic status. MEPs are provisionally qualified as surrogate endpoints given potentially major harms to the @entity1 if they are not used, compared to the minimal harms and costs associated with their use. SIGNIFICANCE: The performance of MEPs as substitute, or surrogate, endpoints during @entity1504 in motor strength in the immediate postoperative period was directly assessed for ten recent studies.

title: An evaluation of motor evoked potential surrogate endpoints during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deficits']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['MEP deteriorations']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial vascular surgeries for new deficits']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['intracranial vascular procedures']


abstract: Adequate early empiric antibiotic therapy is pivotal for the outcome of @entity1 with bloodstream infections. In clinical practice the use of surrogate laboratory parameters is frequently proposed to predict underlying bacterial pathogens; however there is no clear evidence for this assumption. In this study, we investigated the discriminatory capacity of predictive models consisting of routinely available laboratory parameters to predict the presence of Gram-positive or @entity2259 . Major machine learning algorithms were screened for their capacity to maximize the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) for discriminating between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cases. Data from 23,765 @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity2259 were screened and 1,180 bacteremic @entity1 were included in the study. A relative predominance of @entity2259 (54.0%), which was more pronounced in females (59.1%), was observed. The final model achieved 0.675 ROC-AUC resulting in 44.57% sensitivity and 79.75% specificity. Various parameters presented a significant difference between both genders. In gender-specific models, the discriminatory potency was slightly improved. The results of this study do not support the use of surrogate laboratory parameters for predicting classes of causative pathogens. In this @entity1 cohort, gender-specific differences in various laboratory parameters were observed, indicating differences in the host response between genders.

title: Neither Single nor a Combination of Routine Laboratory Parameters can Discriminate between Gram-positive and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Gram-negative bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Gram-negative Bacteremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For older individuals with multimorbidity the appropriateness of prescribing preventive medicines remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the prevalence and temporal trends in utilisation of preventive medicines in older New Zealanders from 2005 to 2013 stratified according to age, sex, ethnicity and district health board domicile. METHODS: A repeated cross-sectional analysis was conducted on pharmaceutical dispensing data for all individuals' >= 65 years. Variable medication possession ratio (VMPR) was used to measure adherence. Prescribing of low-dose @entity117 , @entity1397 , @entity4341 , @entity1229 , @entity3926 , @entity6817 and @entity171 with a VMPR>= 0.8 were examined. RESULTS: @entity117 utilisation increased by 19.55% (95% CI: 19.39-19.70), @entity1397 by 2.93% (95% CI: 2.88-2.97) and @entity4341 decreased by 0.65% (95% CI: -0.70 to -0.59). Utilisation of @entity117 with @entity1397 increased by 1.78% (95% CI: 1.74-1.81) and @entity117 with @entity4341 increased by 0.54% (95% CI: 0.50-0.58%). @entity1229 decreased by 0.87% (95% CI: -0.96 to -0.78) and @entity3926 increased by 0.65% (95% CI: 0.60-0.70). Statins increased by 7.0% (95% CI: 6.82-7.18) and @entity171 decreased by 2.37% (95% CI: -2.44 to -2.30). @entity117 , @entity1397 , @entity3926 and statins utilisation showed a greater increase in males. Interestingly, @entity1397 , @entity1229 and statins use increased in older adults aged 85+ compared to the younger age groups (65-84 years). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the prevalence and trends of preventive medicines use in older @entity1 in New Zealand. This study may facilitate further research to examine the appropriateness of prescribing these medicines in older @entity1 with multimorbidity.

title: Temporal trends in the utilisation of preventive medicines by older XXXX : A 9-year population-based study.

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of major relapse and healthcare costs among @entity1 with @entity2883 with @entity2883 (GPA); to find @entity1 with @entity6129 ( @entity6129 ) in administrative databases, because no @entity6129 diagnosis code exists; and to describe the clinical and economic burden associated with @entity6129 . METHODS: Adults (>=  18 yrs) with >=  2 diagnoses of GPA [International Classification of Diseases-9-Clinical Modification ( @entity1479 446.4)] during 2009-2013 were extracted from the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases. Evidence of major relapse (based on the Birmingham @entity1333 Activity Score) and healthcare costs were collected during 12-month and 24-month followup periods. Adults with >=  2 diagnoses of unspecified @entity3468 ( @entity1479 447.6) were found as potential @entity1 with @entity6129 and additional criteria based on clinical input were applied to refine the sample. Major relapse-associated conditions and healthcare costs in the 6 months pre- and post-diagnosis were measured. Costs were inflated to 2013 US . RESULTS: A total of 2784 @entity1 with GPA were found and 18.7% experienced a major relapse in the 12-month followup period. The @entity1 with a major relapse incurred higher average all-cause (12-month:  88,065 vs  30,682; p < 0.0001) and GPA-related costs (12-month:  61,636 vs  15,748; p < 0.0001) than @entity1 without a relapse. Trends were consistent over the 24-month followup period. There were 612 incident @entity1 with @entity6129 . Following @entity6129 diagnosis, healthcare costs nearly doubled ( 30,166 vs  56,642; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In a real-world setting, @entity1 with GPA who experience major relapse have higher economic burden, compared to @entity1 without a relapse. @entity6129 diagnosis was associated with nearly a 2-fold increase in healthcare costs.

title: Clinical and Economic Burden of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity6129 :: ('MESH:D055953', 'Disease') :: ['MPA', 'microscopic polyangiitis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['Vasculitis']


abstract: We report 25 @entity1 with oligoarticular @entity625 associated with @entity3001 . There were 16 @entity1 (male/female ratio 1.8:1); ages ranged from 2 to 15 years. Thirteen (52%) @entity1 had no history of erythema chronicum @entity8831 or other @entity1910 . Thirteen had temperatures as high as 41 degrees C for up to 2 months before the onset of @entity625 . Twelve recalled @entity5864 . Ten (40%) @entity1 , of whom seven had no history of @entity1910 , were hospitalized for presumed @entity5414 . Another four had diagnoses of @entity12013 juvenile @entity309 for as long as 3 years. Seven @entity1 had less acute, recurrent episodes of @entity603 . Two @entity1 had seventh nerve @entity912 2 months before onset of @entity625 . All patients had antibodies to the Lyme spirochete. In 14 @entity1 , synovial fluid white blood cell counts ranged from 180 to 97,700/mm3 (greater than or equal to 76% polymorphonuclear leukocytes). Antibiotic therapy was effective in all @entity1 ; in 13, orally administered therapy alone resulted in elimination of @entity603 and recurrent attacks. @entity625 may be confused with acute @entity5414 or recurrent " @entity12013 juvenile @entity309 ," particularly when there is no history of erythema chronicum @entity8831 .

title: Childhood XXXX : experience in an endemic area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis', 'bacterial septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity12013 :: ('MESH:C536312', 'Disease') :: ['pauciarticular']

entities_list: @entity5864 :: ('MESH:D064927', 'Disease') :: ['definite tick bites']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Lyme arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Custom oral appliances that adjustably advance the mandible provide superior outcomes when treating @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity387 . Custom appliances, however, are expensive, must be fitted by a dentist, and the likelihood of successful outcomes are difficult to predict. An inexpensive trial appliance, if proven efficacious, might be used to predict custom appliance outcomes or to provide temporary therapeutic benefit. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this initial study was to assess the treatment efficacy of a novel titration oral appliance with that of an optimized custom appliance. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 , treated with a custom oral appliance for at least one year, successfully completed a three-night home sleep test. The @entity27 severity was established on Night 1 with seven @entity1 exhibiting severe, six moderate and four mild @entity386 / @entity387 indexes. @entity1 were randomly assigned to wear their custom appliance or the titration appliance on Nights 2 and 3. RESULTS: Significant reductions in the mean overall and supine @entity386 indexes (p < 0.05), and the overall (p < 0.01) and supine (p < 0.05) @entity386 / @entity387 indexes were observed for both the titration and custom appliances. The proportion of @entity1 who exhibited at least a 50% reduction in the overall @entity386 index and supine @entity386 / @entity387 were similar for the titration and custom appliance (~60%). The custom appliance reduced the overall @entity386 / @entity387 index by 50% in a greater proportion of the @entity1 compared to the titration appliance (77% vs. 53%). The titration appliance significantly reduced the degree of @entity519 exposure across @entity25 breathing events overall (p < 0.05) and supine (p < 0.01). @entity1 found their custom appliance was more comfortable than the titration appliance, but preferred the titration appliance to no therapy. CONCLUSION: The titration appliance may be useful in assessing oral appliance treatment efficacy. When set to 70% of maximum protrusion, the titration appliance may provide immediate, temporary therapeutic benefit.

title: Initial Evaluation of a Titration Appliance for Temporary Treatment of Obstructive Sleep XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea', 'sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['baseline obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disordered']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['Apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) for @entity5 has become a standard in neurosurgical practice, IOM for intradural extramedullary @entity5 (IDEMs) is still under debate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of IOM during surgery for IDEMs. METHODS: From March 2008 to March 2013, 68 @entity1 had microsurgery with IOM for IDEMs (31 @entity808 , 25 @entity1653 , 6 @entity424 of the cauda/filum terminalis, 4 @entity8 ). The IOM included somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and - in selected cases - D-waves. Also preoperative and postoperative neurophysiological assessment was performed with SEPs and MEPs. All @entity1 were evaluated at admission and at follow up (minimum 6 months) with the Modified McCormick Scale (mMCs). RESULTS: Three different IOM patterns were observed during surgery: no change in evoked potentials (63 cases), transitory evoked potentials change (3 cases) and loss of evoked potentials (2 cases). In the first setting surgery was never stopped and a @entity5 removal was achieved (no stop surgery group). In 3 cases of transitory evoked potentials change, surgery was temporarily halted but the @entity5 were at the end completely removed (stop and go surgery group). In 2 more @entity1 the loss of evoked potentials led to an incomplete resection (stop surgery group). No @entity1 presented a worsening of the pre-operative clinical conditions (at admission 47 @entity1 presented mMCs 1-2 and 21 @entity1 mMCs 3-5, while at follow up 62 @entity1 are mMCS 1-2 and 6 @entity1 mMCs 3-5). CONCLUSIONS: In our series significant IOM changes occurred in 5 out of 68 @entity1 with IDEMs (7.35%), and it is conceivable that the modification of the surgical strategy - induced by IOM - prevented or mitigated @entity16 in these cases. Vice versa, in 63 @entity1 (92.65%) IOM invariably predicted a good neurological outcome. Furthermore this technique allowed a @entity5 removal in IDEMs placed in difficult locations as @entity3161 or in antero/antero-lateral position (where rotation of spinal cord can be monitored) and even in case of @entity5 adherent to the spinal cord without a clear cleavage plane.

title: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring for intradural extramedullary XXXX : Why not?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cysts and 2 other lesions']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'safer tumor', 'radical tumor', 'intramedullary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['cranio-vertebral junction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Antemortem diagnosis of @entity2381 is very challenging. Diagnostic assays using blood samples would aid in an early and more definitive diagnosis. In the current study, detection of anti- @entity54 antibodies, @entity54 antigen, and @entity54 toxin ( @entity71884 ), protein electrophoresis and measurement of acute-phase protein concentrations were performed on serum of 18 adult and plasma of 21 juvenile gyr-saker hybrid falcons (Falco rusticolus x Falco cherrug). Adult (n = 15) and juvenile (n = 18) falcons were experimentally inoculated with different dosages of the same strain of @entity54 and an additional three falcons from each age group were used as uninfected control animals. Blood samples were collected prior to inoculation and at 28 days postinoculation. Of the 33 inoculated falcons, 16 demonstrated clinical signs ( @entity391 , greenish urates, @entity1353 , ruffled feathers) commonly associated with @entity2381 and in 14 falcons necropsy revealed @entity2381 confirmed by mycology and histopathology. Positive galactomannan results were rare, with only 3/15 positive samples from adult falcons and none in the juvenile birds. Most of the inoculated falcons showed an increase of serum amyloid A (66.7%) and haptoglobin (70.4%), but @entity71884 was not detected in the blood from any of the experimental animals. Elevated antibody indices were detected in 96.7% of the inoculated birds, but also in 66.7% of the controls. Significant decreases in albumin:globulin ratio were obvious in 81.5% of the inoculated birds, including 100% of the birds with @entity738 . Blood from falcons with @entity738 demonstrated significantly increased concentration values of alpha 2 and b globulins, decreased percentages of prealbumin and albumin, and increased percentages of alpha 2 and b globulins compared to inoculated falcons without @entity738 . In conclusion, acute-phase proteins and the electrophoretic profile of birds challenged with A. fulmigatus show significant alterations, which in combination with other diagnostic procedures, assist in the early diagnosis of @entity2381 .

title: Comparison of diagnostic tools for the detection of XXXX in blood samples of experimentally infected falcons.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['avian aspergillosis', 'aspergillosis', 'aspergillosis granulomas']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity71884 :: ('CHEBI:67159', 'Chemical') :: ['fumigaclavine A']

answer: @entity2381 :: (MESH:D001228,Disease) :: ['aspergillosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several agents have been tried in the management of @entity5026 . Centchroman (Ormeloxifene), a novel non-steroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), has also been recently used in the management of @entity5026 . METHODS: Eligible @entity1 , who had @entity5026 for more than 3 months, were randomized into two groups - Group A received centchroman 30  mg daily and Group B received tamoxifen 10  mg daily. Treatment was continued for a total of 12 weeks; thereafter, @entity1 were followed for another 12 weeks without medication to assess the continuum of relief. @entity158 severity was measured with VAS score. @entity1 were considered to have complete @entity158 relief if their VAS score decreased to 3 or less. RESULTS: @entity1 , in both the groups, showed gradual improvement in @entity5026 with passage of time up to 12 weeks. Following cessation of treatment at 12 weeks, partial relapse of @entity158 was observed at 24 weeks. There was no significant difference between Group A and Group B in terms of mean VAS Score and proportion of @entity1 reporting @entity158 relief at 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. Fifteen @entity1 in Group A had side effects namely dizziness, @entity1866 and development of @entity42 . There was no side effect noted in group B. CONCLUSION: Centchroman and tamoxifen were found to be of similar effectiveness in providing @entity158 relief in @entity5026 . High frequency of side effects, particularly development of @entity42 , in @entity1 receiving centchroman is a matter of concern.

title: Centchroman vs tamoxifen for regression of XXXX : A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['mastalgia']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual irregularities']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst', 'ovarian cysts']

answer: @entity5026 :: (MESH:D059373,Disease) :: ['mastalgia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Brain and Body Donation Program (BBDP) at Banner Sun Health Research Institute (http://www.brainandbodydonationprogram.org) started in 1987 with brain-only donations and currently has banked more than 1600 brains. More than 430 whole-body donations have been received since this service was commenced in 2005. The collective academic output of the BBDP is now described as the Arizona Study of Aging and @entity179 (AZSAND). Most BBDP subjects are enrolled as cognitively normal volunteers residing in the retirement communities of metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. Specific recruitment efforts are also directed at subjects with @entity195 , @entity191 and @entity5 . The median age at @entity204 is 82. Subjects receive standardized general medical, neurological, neuropsychological and @entity717 assessments during life and more than 90% receive full pathological examinations by medically licensed pathologists after @entity204 . The Program has been funded through a combination of internal, federal and state of Arizona grants as well as user fees and pharmaceutical industry collaborations. Subsets of the Program are utilized by the US National Institute on Aging Arizona @entity195 Core Center and the US National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 National Brain and Tissue Resource for @entity191 and @entity74 . Substantial funding has also been received from the Michael J. Fox Foundation for @entity191 . The Program has made rapid autopsy a priority, with a 3.0-hour median post-mortem interval for the entire collection. The median RNA Integrity Number (RIN) for frozen brain and body tissue is 8.9 and 7.4, respectively. More than 2500 tissue requests have been served and currently about 200 are served annually. These requests have been made by more than 400 investigators located in 32 US states and 15 countries. Tissue from the BBDP has contributed to more than 350 publications and more than 200 grant-funded projects.

title: Arizona Study of Aging and XXXX and Brain and Body Donation Program.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Research", "Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Neurodegenerative Disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Related Disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Neurodegenerative Disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cigarette smoking is known to be deleterious to @entity1 with @entity453 ; however, the effect of smoking on vascular responses after coronary drug-eluting stent implantation is unknown. We sought to examine vascular response after @entity3446 -eluting stent implantation in @entity1 with ongoing smoking using optical coherence tomography, compared with former smokers and nonsmokers. We identified 181 @entity3446 -eluting stents in 140 subjects who underwent follow-up optical coherence tomography imaging. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: current smokers (n  = 28), former smokers (n  = 35), and nonsmokers (n  = 77). Stent strut coverage, neointimal characteristics, and strut malapposition were evaluated. The incidence of uncovered stent struts was significantly higher in nonsmokers compared with current smokers (13.3    13.3% vs 6.7    8.3%; p  = 0.001). On qualitative evaluation of neointimal morphology, the prevalence of heterogeneous @entity8233 was higher in current smokers (71.9%) than in former smokers (36.0%) or nonsmokers (10.1%) (p  = 0.004 and p <0.001, respectively). There was no difference in the incidence of malapposition among the 3 groups. Multivariate modeling showed that current smoking was negatively associated with the presence of uncovered struts (odds ratio 0.33; 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.79; p  = 0.013) and positively associated with the presence of heterogeneous @entity8233 (odds ratio 9.47; 95% confidence interval 3.79 to 23.72; p  <0.001). In conclusion, the incidence of strut coverage was higher in current smokers compared with nonsmokers. However, the pattern of @entity8233 was more heterogeneous in current smokers.

title: Optical Coherence Tomographic Evaluation of the Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Vascular Healing After XXXX -Eluting Stent Implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Sirolimus']


abstract: @entity1578 ( @entity1578 ) continues to be a serious problem due to different underlying disorders. Not only hepatocytes but Kupffer cells (KCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are of importance in this instance. We wanted to investigate the possible role of KCs and liver DCs in the development of @entity99 in @entity1 with @entity1578 . Liver specimens from 23 @entity1 who died after @entity1578 were examined for the presence and distribution of @entity469 -positive KCs and @entity8730 -positive DCs by immunohistochemistry. The distribution of the @entity8730 -positive DC in the sinusoidal and the periportal spaces was not even. While 39.1% of @entity1 had a high sinusoidal density of @entity8730 -positive cells, 60.9% demonstrated a high density of @entity8730 -positive cells in the periportal tract. The number of @entity8730 -positive DCs in periportal tracts in @entity1 with advanced @entity1575 (n = 5) were high, while those with mild @entity1575 (n = 18) had low numbers of mature dendritic cells (  2=4.107; p=0.043). In addition, all @entity1 with intensive @entity82 had low counts of @entity469 -positive KC  s in portal tracts vs @entity1 with mild @entity82 of which 67% had high counts (  2=6.97; p=0.008). In seven of the @entity1 with moderate @entity1560 (87.5%) low numbers of @entity469 -positive KCs were found in sinusoids, in contrast to those with severe @entity1560 , where 12 @entity1 (80%) had high KC counts (  2=13.4; p less than 0.001). The distribution and number of @entity469 - positive KC and @entity8730 -positive DC reflect the progression of @entity1575 leading to @entity1578 .

title: Macrophages and dendritic cells in the development of XXXX leading to @entity1578 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['LF', 'Liver failure', 'liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: @entity1578 ( @entity1578 ) continues to be a serious problem due to different underlying disorders. Not only hepatocytes but Kupffer cells (KCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are of importance in this instance. We wanted to investigate the possible role of KCs and liver DCs in the development of @entity99 in @entity1 with @entity1578 . Liver specimens from 23 @entity1 who died after @entity1578 were examined for the presence and distribution of @entity469 -positive KCs and @entity8730 -positive DCs by immunohistochemistry. The distribution of the @entity8730 -positive DC in the sinusoidal and the periportal spaces was not even. While 39.1% of @entity1 had a high sinusoidal density of @entity8730 -positive cells, 60.9% demonstrated a high density of @entity8730 -positive cells in the periportal tract. The number of @entity8730 -positive DCs in periportal tracts in @entity1 with advanced @entity1575 (n = 5) were high, while those with mild @entity1575 (n = 18) had low numbers of mature dendritic cells (  2=4.107; p=0.043). In addition, all @entity1 with intensive @entity82 had low counts of @entity469 -positive KC  s in portal tracts vs @entity1 with mild @entity82 of which 67% had high counts (  2=6.97; p=0.008). In seven of the @entity1 with moderate @entity1560 (87.5%) low numbers of @entity469 -positive KCs were found in sinusoids, in contrast to those with severe @entity1560 , where 12 @entity1 (80%) had high KC counts (  2=13.4; p less than 0.001). The distribution and number of @entity469 - positive KC and @entity8730 -positive DC reflect the progression of @entity1575 leading to @entity1578 .

title: Macrophages and dendritic cells in the development of @entity99 leading to XXXX .

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['liver failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Systems metabolic engineering has made the renewable production of industrial chemicals a feasible alternative to modern operations. One major example of a renewable process is the production of @entity7574 , such as @entity6212 (C8), from @entity526 , engineered to express thioesterase enzymes. C8, however, is toxic to @entity526 above a certain concentration, which limits the final titer. @entity7352 metabolic flux analysis of @entity526 was performed for both C8 stress and control conditions using NMR2Flux with isotopomer balancing. A mixture of labeled and unlabeled @entity413 was used as the sole @entity505 source for bacterial growth for @entity7352 flux analysis. By comparing the metabolic flux maps of the control condition and C8 stress condition, pathways that were altered under the stress condition were identified. C8 stress was found to reduce @entity505 flux in several pathways: the @entity6626 ( @entity2974 ) cycle, the @entity3158 production, and the @entity2388 dehydrogenase pathway. Meanwhile, a few pathways became more active: the @entity2388 oxidative pathway, and the extracellular @entity598 production. These results were statistically significant for three biological replicates between the control condition and C8 stress. As a working hypothesis, the following causes are proposed to be the main causes for growth inhibition and flux alteration for a cell under stress: membrane disruption, low activity of electron transport chain, and the activation of the @entity2388 dehydrogenase regulator (PdhR).

title: Metabolic flux analysis of Escherichia coli MG1655 under XXXX (C8) stress.

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['octanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity7574 :: ('MESH:D002264', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acids']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity6212 :: (MESH:C031492,Chemical) :: ['octanoic acid']


abstract: 197 consecutive @entity1 with @entity957 of the oropharynx were treated between 1964 and 1982. The 5 year actuarial survival was 43% (+/- 5%). In @entity1 with stage I and II disease the actuarial survival with combined surgery and radiotherapy was 87% (+/- 16%), but with primary radiotherapy 40% (+/- 28% (p = 0.0250). The results in stage III and IV disease were 59% (+/- 11%) with combined therapy and 29% (+/- 15%) for radiotherapy alone (p = 0.0010). The five year actuarial survival for @entity189 (Schmincke) was 71% (+/- 16%) after radiotherapy whilst the @entity1 with undifferentiated @entity189 achieved only 29% (+/- 11%). The survival rate for @entity1 (71% +/- 12%) was significantly better than for @entity1 (31% +/- 7%), although the proportion of stages was not different in both sexes. Because of these results and because of the minimal chances of controlling recurrent disease we prefer combined treatment not only in stage III and IV disease, but also in stage I and II disease. In these early stages partial mandibulectomy can be avoided. In selected cases transoral surgery can be combined with functional, discontinuous neck dissection. The functional results of surgery are thus minimised in the early stages of @entity189 .

title: [Results of the treatment of 197 XXXX of the oropharynx (1964-1982 treatment period)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'lymphoepithelial carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: Specific absorption rate (SAR) and tissue temperature were measured for a total of 83 treatments in 33 @entity1 who received local @entity221 treatment for @entity5 . The @entity1 were grouped into three categories according to @entity5 size. @entity221 was induced by 13.56 MHz electromagnetic energy applied using capacitive coupling. A method is described for evaluating SAR from the tissue temperature traces at any time in the treatment when a step change is made in applied power. The method is possible only if the temperature traces are free from interference and the total power delivered to the @entity1 is monitored. Mean values of SAR ranged from 4.6 to 89 W kg-1 depending on the treatment site. Satisfactory heating was achieved for superficial @entity5 , with temperatures greater than 42 degrees C being recorded in 69% of treatments. For axillary nodes only 4% of treatments exceeded 42 degrees C. For @entity5 an idealized @entity5 model was used to estimate @entity5 temperature from the temperature and SAR measured in the adjacent normal tissue. From the model it appears necessary either to raise the systemic temperature to 40 degrees C or to increase the SAR by at least a factor of 4 to obtain a temperature of 42 degrees C in a typical @entity5 . Measurements of SAR and temperature are essential for feedback control of computer models which, in principle, could provide a complete distribution of temperature during a @entity221 treatment. Furthermore, measured SAR provides a direct comparison of the power deposition from different treatment machines in a clinical environment. The data presented form a basis for comparison with the clinical use of other heating systems.

title: Specific absorption rate and tissue temperature in local XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervix tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidermiology, clinicopathological features and prognosis of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 151 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity1893 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University between January 2007 and December 2011 were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1893 @entity1 was 58.8% among all the @entity1893 cases, with the average age of 52 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.16:1. The most frequently involved site was the stomach (30.5%) followed by nose and sinuses (19.9%) and Waldeyer's ring (17.2%). The most common subtype was @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) (55.0%), followed by NK/T (18.5%) and extra-nodal marginal zone @entity1892 ( @entity1074 ) ( 13.2%). The distribution of clinical stages was as follows: stage I 20.5%, II 29.8%, III 29.1%, and IV 20.5%. Most nasal @entity1893 is in early stages, with a proportion of 76.7% in stages I _ II. The 3-year overall survival rate was 73.2% and 3-year progression free survival rate was 46.6% in the @entity1892 @entity1 . The International Prognosis Index (IPI) could be used to estimate the prognosis of @entity1892 well. Multivariate analysis showed that ESR and curative effect of the first treatment were independent prognostic factors for @entity1892 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity1893 is quite high, and the most common primary extra-nodal site is the gastro-intestinal tract and the most common subtype is @entity1892 . Risk groups based on IPI can indicate the prognosis of @entity1892 to some extent, but only the ESR and curative effect of the first treatment are confirmed to be independent risk factors.

title: [Clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of 151 @entity1 with XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "primary extra-nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'PE-NHL']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue', 'diffuse large B-cell lymphoma', 'PE-DLBCL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['primary extra-nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidermiology, clinicopathological features and prognosis of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 151 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity1893 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University between January 2007 and December 2011 were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1893 @entity1 was 58.8% among all the @entity1893 cases, with the average age of 52 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.16:1. The most frequently involved site was the stomach (30.5%) followed by nose and sinuses (19.9%) and Waldeyer's ring (17.2%). The most common subtype was @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) (55.0%), followed by NK/T (18.5%) and extra-nodal marginal zone @entity1892 ( @entity1074 ) ( 13.2%). The distribution of clinical stages was as follows: stage I 20.5%, II 29.8%, III 29.1%, and IV 20.5%. Most nasal @entity1893 is in early stages, with a proportion of 76.7% in stages I _ II. The 3-year overall survival rate was 73.2% and 3-year progression free survival rate was 46.6% in the @entity1892 @entity1 . The International Prognosis Index (IPI) could be used to estimate the prognosis of @entity1892 well. Multivariate analysis showed that ESR and curative effect of the first treatment were independent prognostic factors for @entity1892 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity1893 is quite high, and the most common primary extra-nodal site is the gastro-intestinal tract and the most common subtype is @entity1892 . Risk groups based on IPI can indicate the prognosis of @entity1892 to some extent, but only the ESR and curative effect of the first treatment are confirmed to be independent risk factors.

title: [Clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of 151 XXXX with @entity1893 .]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Microbial and fermentation changes in the rumen in monensin- and lasalocid-fed @entity291 grazing bloat-provocative alfalfa pasture were studied using genetically bloat-susceptible, ruminally-cannulated adult @entity291 . Monensin at .66 and .99 mg/kg body weight daily reduced the severity of legume bloat by 41 and 73%, respectively. The same doses of lasalocid reduced bloat by 25 and 12%. Comparison of ruminal contents from animals before treatment with ruminal contents from antibiotic-treated animals showed no differences in pH, @entity3265 , soluble N, soluble @entity1735 , @entity1068 -precipitable slime and anaerobic bacterial counts. Monensin treatment @entity393 and microbial activity, as evidenced by lower gas production from in vitro fermentation of ground alfalfa hay when compared to pretreatment. Lasalocid had no effect on protozoal counts and in vitro gas production. Addition of monensin or lasalocid (12 micrograms/ml) to in vitro fermentation of chopped, fresh alfalfa reduced microbial activity as evidenced by higher soluble N, lower @entity3265 concentration and decreased gas production. Monensin reduced the amount of @entity1068 -precipitable slime and protozoal numbers. Reduction in the severity of bloat when monensin was fed appears to be due to @entity393 , which resulted in decreased gas production. Lasalocid did not reduce legume bloat because of its minimal effect on the ruminal protozoa.

title: Ruminal changes in monensin- and lasalocid-fed XXXX grazing bloat-provocative alfalfa pasture.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased protozoal numbers']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Providing an evidence base for wildlife population management is difficult, due to limited opportunities for experimentation and study replication at the population level. We utilized an opportunity to assess the outcome of a test and cull programme aimed at limiting the spread of @entity2497 in African buffalo. Buffalo act as reservoirs of @entity2499 , the causative agent of @entity291 @entity378 (BTB), which can have major economic, ecological and public health impacts through the risk of @entity281 to other wildlife species, livestock and surrounding communities. BTB prevalence data were collected in conjunction with disease control operations in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa, from 1999 to 2006. A total of 4733 buffalo (250-950 per year) were tested for BTB using the @entity61951 ( @entity61951 ) test, with BTB-positive animals culled, and negative animals released. BTB prevalence was spatially and temporally variable, ranging from 2.3% to 54.7%. Geographic area was a strong predictor of BTB transmission in HiP, owing to relatively stable herds and home ranges. Herds experiencing more intensive and frequent captures showed reduced per capita disease transmission risk and less increase in herd prevalence over time. Disease hot spots did not expand spatially over time, and BTB prevalence in all but the hot spot areas was maintained between 10% and 15% throughout the study period. Our data suggest that HiP's test and cull programme was effective at reducing BTB transmission in buffalo, with capture effort and interval found to be the crucial components of the programme. The programme was thus successful with respect to the original goals; however, there are additional factors that should be considered in future cost/benefit analyses and decision-making. These findings may be utilized and expanded in future collaborative work between wildlife managers, veterinarians and scientists, to optimize wildlife disease control programmes and mitigate conflict at the interface of conservation, agricultural and urban areas.

title: Disease Control in Wildlife: Evaluating a Test and Cull Programme for @entity291 XXXX in African Buffalo.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

entities_list: @entity61951 :: ('MESH:D006968', 'Disease') :: ['single comparative intradermal tuberculin', 'SCIT']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Providing an evidence base for wildlife population management is difficult, due to limited opportunities for experimentation and study replication at the population level. We utilized an opportunity to assess the outcome of a test and cull programme aimed at limiting the spread of @entity2497 in African buffalo. Buffalo act as reservoirs of @entity2499 , the causative agent of @entity291 @entity378 (BTB), which can have major economic, ecological and public health impacts through the risk of @entity281 to other wildlife species, livestock and surrounding communities. BTB prevalence data were collected in conjunction with disease control operations in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa, from 1999 to 2006. A total of 4733 buffalo (250-950 per year) were tested for BTB using the @entity61951 ( @entity61951 ) test, with BTB-positive animals culled, and negative animals released. BTB prevalence was spatially and temporally variable, ranging from 2.3% to 54.7%. Geographic area was a strong predictor of BTB transmission in HiP, owing to relatively stable herds and home ranges. Herds experiencing more intensive and frequent captures showed reduced per capita disease transmission risk and less increase in herd prevalence over time. Disease hot spots did not expand spatially over time, and BTB prevalence in all but the hot spot areas was maintained between 10% and 15% throughout the study period. Our data suggest that HiP's test and cull programme was effective at reducing BTB transmission in buffalo, with capture effort and interval found to be the crucial components of the programme. The programme was thus successful with respect to the original goals; however, there are additional factors that should be considered in future cost/benefit analyses and decision-making. These findings may be utilized and expanded in future collaborative work between wildlife managers, veterinarians and scientists, to optimize wildlife disease control programmes and mitigate conflict at the interface of conservation, agricultural and urban areas.

title: Disease Control in Wildlife: Evaluating a Test and Cull Programme for XXXX @entity378 in African Buffalo.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Literature studies showed a very wide range of pedicle @entity1349 rates after thoracolumbar stabilization, ranging from less than 1 to 15  % in non- @entity3604 @entity1 treated with rigid systems and even higher in @entity3604 subjects or @entity1 treated with dynamic systems. Firstly, this paper aims to investigate how much this complication is affecting the success rate of pedicle screw fixation, in both non- @entity3604 and @entity3604 @entity1 , and to discuss the biomechanical reasons which may be related to the variability of the rates found in the literature. The secondary aim was to summarize and discuss the published definitions and conventions about @entity1349 from a clinical and radiological point of view. METHODS: Narrative literature review. RESULTS: Screw loosening appears to be a minor problem for fixation and fusion of healthy, @entity79 . Pedicle screw fixation in @entity3604 bone is believed to be at risk of loosening, but clinical data are actually scarce. Both expandable and augmented screws may be a viable option to reduce the risk of loosening, but clinical evidence is missing. Posterior motion-preserving implants seems to have a significant risk of @entity1349 . Standardization appears to be lacking regarding the radiological assessment. Marked differences in the loosening rates found based either on planar radiography or on CT scanning were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Reported loosening rates primarily depended on the protocol used for the clinical examination during follow-up and on the conventions used for the radiological assessment. Aiming to a better comparability of published data, we recommend the authors of clinical studies to describe which criteria were used to assess a loosened screw, as well as the protocol of the clinical follow-up examination. Low-dose CT should be used for the assessment of @entity1349 whenever possible.

title: Pedicle XXXX : a clinically relevant complication?

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['non-osteoporotic bone']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['screw loosening']

answer: @entity1349 :: (MESH:D011475,Disease) :: ['screw loosening']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In carrying out their role of free radical scavenging, erythrocytes become damaged due to oxidation of membrane lipids and proteins. Such damage may change the morphology of the erythrocytes. The present study aims to demonstrate change in erythrocyte morphology in MetS and associate the changes with increased oxidative stress and @entity32 that were shown in our recent study. One hundred @entity1 were recruited from a rural town of Australia. Whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, erythrocyte deformability, lipid profile and blood sugar level, oxidative stress markers (erythrocyte reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, urinary isoprostanes) and inflammatory markers (high sensitivity @entity1851 ) were measured. Erythrocyte morphological study was performed by scanning electron microscopy. Recruited @entity1 were classified into MetS and non-MetS following the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment @entity3354 . Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS 20 software. The mean percentages of biconcave cells were decreased whereas acanthocytes, stomatocytes and echinocytes were increased in MetS group compared to healthy controls. Morphologically abnormal erythrocytes were significantly correlated with oxidative stress and @entity32 markers. Free radicals generated in increased concentration in MetS seem to damage erythrocyte changing its morphology which possibly could affect other hemorheological parameters.

title: Association of abnormal erythrocyte morphology with oxidative stress and XXXX in metabolic syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3354 :: ('MESH:C565336', 'Disease') :: ['Panel III definition']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: AIMS: In @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) due to @entity131 reorganisation in the memory encoding network has been consistently described. Distinct areas of reorganisation have been shown to be efficient when associated with successful subsequent memory formation or inefficient when not associated with successful subsequent memory. We investigated the effect of clinical parameters that modulate memory functions: age at onset of @entity302 , @entity302 duration and @entity410 frequency in a large cohort of @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 53 @entity1 with unilateral @entity1315 and @entity131 (29 left). All @entity1 performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging memory encoding paradigm of faces and words. A continuous regression analysis was used to investigate the effects of age at onset of @entity302 , @entity302 duration and @entity410 frequency on the activation patterns in the memory encoding network. RESULTS: Earlier age at onset of @entity302 was associated with left posterior hippocampus activations that were involved in successful subsequent memory formation in left @entity131 @entity1 . No association of age at onset of @entity302 was seen with face encoding in right @entity131 @entity1 . In both left @entity131 @entity1 during word encoding and right @entity131 @entity1 during face encoding, shorter duration of @entity302 and lower @entity410 frequency were associated with medial temporal lobe activations that were involved in successful memory formation. Longer @entity302 duration and higher @entity410 frequency were associated with contralateral extra-temporal activations that were not associated with successful memory formation. CONCLUSION: Age at onset of @entity2414 encoding in @entity1 with @entity1315 due to @entity131 in the speech-dominant hemisphere. Shorter duration of @entity302 and lower @entity410 frequency were associated with less disruption of the efficient memory encoding network whilst longer duration and higher @entity410 frequency were associated with greater, inefficient, extra-temporal reorganisation.

title: Factors affecting reorganisation of memory encoding networks in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy influenced verbal memory']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and @entity150 risk has been widely studied. However, only few studies have examined the correlation between @entity150 and instillation agent sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine the association between polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, namely X-ray repair cross-complementing group I ( @entity20319 ) @entity71885 and @entity71886 , and @entity150 recurrence risk. We recruited 244 @entity1 (130 treated with @entity1259 and 114 treated with @entity1138 ). Genomic DNA was used to examine the @entity20319 @entity71885 and @entity71886 genotypes by Taqman PCR analysis. Combination analysis of @entity20319 @entity71885 and @entity71886 and examination of @entity20319 diplotypes were performed to reveal possible correlations. The @entity71885 CC and @entity71886 TT genotypes conferred shorter survival times than the @entity71885 @entity71887 and @entity71886 CC/CT genotypes in @entity1 treated with @entity1259 , but not in those treated with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in adjusted models [hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.23, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   0.10-0.53 for @entity71885 AC   +   AA compared with CC; HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.46 for @entity71886 CC   +   CT compared with TT]. Combination analysis showed significantly increased recurrence-free survival (RFS) among @entity1 simultaneously carrying the @entity71885 @entity71887 and @entity71886 CC/CT genotypes with an HR of 0.15 (95  % CI   =   0.05-0.45) compared to those carrying other genotypes. Diplotype analysis demonstrated that the A-C/C-T diplotype is associated with a lower risk of recurrence compared with the common wild C-T/C-T diplotype (HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.51). Our results suggest that the @entity71885 CC and @entity71886 TT genotypes confer higher sensitivity to @entity1259 instillation. Moreover, the A-C/C-T diplotype presents significantly lower recurrence risk than other diplotypes.

title: @entity20319 polymorphisms associated with survival among Chinese @entity150 @entity1 receiving XXXX and @entity1138 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity71887 :: ('c|SUB|AC||AA', 'DNAMutation') :: ['AC/AA']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and @entity150 risk has been widely studied. However, only few studies have examined the correlation between @entity150 and instillation agent sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine the association between polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, namely X-ray repair cross-complementing group I ( @entity20319 ) @entity71885 and @entity71886 , and @entity150 recurrence risk. We recruited 244 @entity1 (130 treated with @entity1259 and 114 treated with @entity1138 ). Genomic DNA was used to examine the @entity20319 @entity71885 and @entity71886 genotypes by Taqman PCR analysis. Combination analysis of @entity20319 @entity71885 and @entity71886 and examination of @entity20319 diplotypes were performed to reveal possible correlations. The @entity71885 CC and @entity71886 TT genotypes conferred shorter survival times than the @entity71885 @entity71887 and @entity71886 CC/CT genotypes in @entity1 treated with @entity1259 , but not in those treated with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in adjusted models [hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.23, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   0.10-0.53 for @entity71885 AC   +   AA compared with CC; HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.46 for @entity71886 CC   +   CT compared with TT]. Combination analysis showed significantly increased recurrence-free survival (RFS) among @entity1 simultaneously carrying the @entity71885 @entity71887 and @entity71886 CC/CT genotypes with an HR of 0.15 (95  % CI   =   0.05-0.45) compared to those carrying other genotypes. Diplotype analysis demonstrated that the A-C/C-T diplotype is associated with a lower risk of recurrence compared with the common wild C-T/C-T diplotype (HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.51). Our results suggest that the @entity71885 CC and @entity71886 TT genotypes confer higher sensitivity to @entity1259 instillation. Moreover, the A-C/C-T diplotype presents significantly lower recurrence risk than other diplotypes.

title: @entity20319 polymorphisms associated with survival among Chinese @entity150 @entity1 receiving @entity1259 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and @entity150 risk has been widely studied. However, only few studies have examined the correlation between @entity150 and instillation agent sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine the association between polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, namely X-ray repair cross-complementing group I ( @entity20319 ) @entity71885 and @entity71886 , and @entity150 recurrence risk. We recruited 244 @entity1 (130 treated with @entity1259 and 114 treated with @entity1138 ). Genomic DNA was used to examine the @entity20319 @entity71885 and @entity71886 genotypes by Taqman PCR analysis. Combination analysis of @entity20319 @entity71885 and @entity71886 and examination of @entity20319 diplotypes were performed to reveal possible correlations. The @entity71885 CC and @entity71886 TT genotypes conferred shorter survival times than the @entity71885 @entity71887 and @entity71886 CC/CT genotypes in @entity1 treated with @entity1259 , but not in those treated with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in adjusted models [hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.23, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   0.10-0.53 for @entity71885 AC   +   AA compared with CC; HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.46 for @entity71886 CC   +   CT compared with TT]. Combination analysis showed significantly increased recurrence-free survival (RFS) among @entity1 simultaneously carrying the @entity71885 @entity71887 and @entity71886 CC/CT genotypes with an HR of 0.15 (95  % CI   =   0.05-0.45) compared to those carrying other genotypes. Diplotype analysis demonstrated that the A-C/C-T diplotype is associated with a lower risk of recurrence compared with the common wild C-T/C-T diplotype (HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.51). Our results suggest that the @entity71885 CC and @entity71886 TT genotypes confer higher sensitivity to @entity1259 instillation. Moreover, the A-C/C-T diplotype presents significantly lower recurrence risk than other diplotypes.

title: @entity20319 polymorphisms associated with survival among Chinese XXXX @entity1 receiving @entity1259 and @entity1138 .

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and @entity150 risk has been widely studied. However, only few studies have examined the correlation between @entity150 and instillation agent sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine the association between polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, namely X-ray repair cross-complementing group I ( @entity20319 ) @entity71885 and @entity71886 , and @entity150 recurrence risk. We recruited 244 @entity1 (130 treated with @entity1259 and 114 treated with @entity1138 ). Genomic DNA was used to examine the @entity20319 @entity71885 and @entity71886 genotypes by Taqman PCR analysis. Combination analysis of @entity20319 @entity71885 and @entity71886 and examination of @entity20319 diplotypes were performed to reveal possible correlations. The @entity71885 CC and @entity71886 TT genotypes conferred shorter survival times than the @entity71885 @entity71887 and @entity71886 CC/CT genotypes in @entity1 treated with @entity1259 , but not in those treated with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in adjusted models [hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.23, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   0.10-0.53 for @entity71885 AC   +   AA compared with CC; HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.46 for @entity71886 CC   +   CT compared with TT]. Combination analysis showed significantly increased recurrence-free survival (RFS) among @entity1 simultaneously carrying the @entity71885 @entity71887 and @entity71886 CC/CT genotypes with an HR of 0.15 (95  % CI   =   0.05-0.45) compared to those carrying other genotypes. Diplotype analysis demonstrated that the A-C/C-T diplotype is associated with a lower risk of recurrence compared with the common wild C-T/C-T diplotype (HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.51). Our results suggest that the @entity71885 CC and @entity71886 TT genotypes confer higher sensitivity to @entity1259 instillation. Moreover, the A-C/C-T diplotype presents significantly lower recurrence risk than other diplotypes.

title: XXXX polymorphisms associated with survival among Chinese @entity150 @entity1 receiving @entity1259 and @entity1138 .

answer: @entity20319 :: (7515,Gene) :: ['XRCC1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and @entity150 risk has been widely studied. However, only few studies have examined the correlation between @entity150 and instillation agent sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine the association between polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, namely X-ray repair cross-complementing group I ( @entity20319 ) @entity71885 and @entity71886 , and @entity150 recurrence risk. We recruited 244 @entity1 (130 treated with @entity1259 and 114 treated with @entity1138 ). Genomic DNA was used to examine the @entity20319 @entity71885 and @entity71886 genotypes by Taqman PCR analysis. Combination analysis of @entity20319 @entity71885 and @entity71886 and examination of @entity20319 diplotypes were performed to reveal possible correlations. The @entity71885 CC and @entity71886 TT genotypes conferred shorter survival times than the @entity71885 @entity71887 and @entity71886 CC/CT genotypes in @entity1 treated with @entity1259 , but not in those treated with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in adjusted models [hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.23, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   0.10-0.53 for @entity71885 AC   +   AA compared with CC; HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.46 for @entity71886 CC   +   CT compared with TT]. Combination analysis showed significantly increased recurrence-free survival (RFS) among @entity1 simultaneously carrying the @entity71885 @entity71887 and @entity71886 CC/CT genotypes with an HR of 0.15 (95  % CI   =   0.05-0.45) compared to those carrying other genotypes. Diplotype analysis demonstrated that the A-C/C-T diplotype is associated with a lower risk of recurrence compared with the common wild C-T/C-T diplotype (HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.51). Our results suggest that the @entity71885 CC and @entity71886 TT genotypes confer higher sensitivity to @entity1259 instillation. Moreover, the A-C/C-T diplotype presents significantly lower recurrence risk than other diplotypes.

title: @entity20319 polymorphisms associated with survival among Chinese @entity150 XXXX receiving @entity1259 and @entity1138 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']