abstract: Some expert guidelines recommend time-scheduled opioid dosing over @entity158 -contingent dosing for @entity1 receiving @entity4784 ( @entity4784 ). The premise is that time-scheduled dosing results in more stable opioid blood levels and @entity158 relief, fewer adverse effects, less reinforcement of @entity158 , and lower addiction risk. We report results of a survey of 1781 @entity1 receiving @entity4784 for chronic @entity158 , in which 967 reported time-scheduled opioid dosing only and 325 reported @entity158 -contingent opioid dosing only. Opioid-related problems and concerns were assessed with the Prescribed Opioids Difficulties Scale. We hypothesized that respondents using time-scheduled opioid dosing would report significantly fewer problems and concerns than those using @entity158 -contingent dosing. @entity1 receiving time-scheduled dosing received substantially higher average daily opioid doses than those using @entity158 -contingent dosing (97.2 vs. 37.2mg average daily dose @entity1286 equivalents, P < .0001). Contrary to expectation, time-scheduled opioid dosing was associated with higher levels of @entity1 opioid control concerns than @entity158 -contingent dosing (6.2 vs. 4.8, P=.008), after adjusting for @entity1 and drug regimen differences. Opioid-related psychosocial problems were somewhat greater among @entity1 using time-scheduled dosing, but this difference was nonsignificant after controlling for @entity1 and drug regimen differences (5.9 vs. 5.0, P=.14). Time-scheduled dosing typically involved higher dosage levels and was associated with higher levels of @entity1 concerns about opioid use. Controlled comparative effectiveness research is needed to assess benefits and risks of time-scheduled opioid dosing relative to @entity158 -contingent opioid dosing among @entity4784 @entity1 in ambulatory care. @entity1 with time-scheduled dosing received higher opioid dosage than @entity1 with @entity158 -contingent dosing. Time-scheduled dosing was associated with greater opioid control concerns than @entity158 -contingent dosing.

title: Time-scheduled vs. XXXX -contingent opioid dosing in @entity4784 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Experience with the management of 106 consecutive @entity1 found to have a retroperitoneal haematoma (RH) at laparotomy for penetrating @entity130 over a 2-year period is reviewed. Three types of retroperitoneal haematoma are recognized: Type I (central), @entity812 (pelvic). Type I RH was present in 22 @entity1 as a result of injuries to the inferior vena cava (9), the aorta (5), the pancreas and duodenum (5), the portal vein (2), and to both aorta and inferior vena cava (1). Fourteen @entity1 died (63.8 per cent) representing 70 per cent of all deaths in the series. Type II RH was seen in 73 @entity1 . Thirty-two were stable and the perinephric fascia was not opened with no morbidity or mortality. Forty-one were explored: 15 on pre-operative evidence of @entity8 which was confirmed at laparotomy. In the remaining 26 a stable haematoma was explored and no significant lesion found. It is considered that in 45 of 73 Type II RH (61.0 per cent) exploration was unnecessary. Five @entity1 died (6.8 per cent). Type III RH was found in 11 @entity1 and was due to @entity130 . Two @entity1 died. In conclusion Type I and III RH should be routinely explored. Stable Type II RH discovered at laparotomy should be explored selectively based on pre-operative clinical and radiological assessment of @entity8 .

title: Management of retroperitoneal haematoma following penetrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['Type II (flank) and Type III']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iliac vessel injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity2 in Lithuania is increasing. Early diagnostics of this disease is important, difficult and necessary. During 2001, 169 @entity1 with first and second stages of @entity2 were treated in Department of Thoracic Surgery at Kaunas Oncology Hospital. Age of @entity1 was 30-80 years. We have analysed 20 @entity1 with @entity1263 . Diagnosis was not confirmed by X-ray and fibrobronchoscopic examination. Percutaneous transthoracic fine needle aspiration of small @entity2 was determined by computed tomography (CT) examination. The diameter of @entity5 were 2.5-4.5 cm. After percutaneous transthoracic fine needle aspiration the diagnosis of @entity2 was confirmed to 15 (70.5 perc.) @entity1 : @entity189 planocellulare - 13, @entity420 @entity1 . @entity3 (solitary) from @entity189 renis to 1, abscessus pulmonis (necrotic masses) to 2, @entity6551 ( @entity378 ) to 1 @entity1 . After CT examination, percutaneous transthoracic fine needle aspiration and histologic examination diagnosis were confirmed: @entity189 stage I (T1N0M0-T2N0M0) to 5 @entity1 , @entity189 stage II (T2N1M0-T3N0M0) to 9 @entity1 , @entity189 III (T2N2M0) to 1 @entity1 . There were 3 complications after percutaneous transthoracic needle aspiration: @entity548 in @entity5 place to 2 @entity1 , local pneumothorax to 1 @entity1 . In all cases when we can not confirm diagnosis of @entity1263 we have to do CT examination and percutaneous transthoracic fine needle aspiration.

title: [Percutaneous transthoracic fine needle aspiration of XXXX by computed tomography examination].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['small peripheral lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'Morbidity of lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma pulmonis', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma - 2']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of study was to evaluate features for spinal @entity1286 in undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery in early postoperative time and side effects of opioids. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups of @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were analyzed. In first group (15 @entity1 ) spinal @entity1286 2 mg and general anesthesia was used, control group (22 @entity1 ) - just general anesthesia. @entity282 was analyzed with VAS (Visual Analogical Scale). For @entity1337 , after surgery, was used @entity22730 via i/v in both groups. Dose of @entity22730 , extubation time and side effects was analysed after surgery. RESULTS: In first group dose of @entity22730 was 4.5+/-1.1 mg, in control group - 16.5+/-1.1 mg (p<0.05). Extubation time in both groups (354+/-36 min. and 279+/-17 min.) and side effects ( @entity390 and @entity391 ) was similar. CONCLUSION: Spinal @entity1286 @entity158 after cardiosurgery and don't increased extubation time and side effects of opioids.

title: [Intrathecal @entity1286 for postoperative XXXX in cardiac surgery].

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity22730 :: ('MESH:D010892', 'Chemical') :: ['piritramide']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['decreased pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of study was to evaluate features for spinal @entity1286 in undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery in early postoperative time and side effects of opioids. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups of @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were analyzed. In first group (15 @entity1 ) spinal @entity1286 2 mg and general anesthesia was used, control group (22 @entity1 ) - just general anesthesia. @entity282 was analyzed with VAS (Visual Analogical Scale). For @entity1337 , after surgery, was used @entity22730 via i/v in both groups. Dose of @entity22730 , extubation time and side effects was analysed after surgery. RESULTS: In first group dose of @entity22730 was 4.5+/-1.1 mg, in control group - 16.5+/-1.1 mg (p<0.05). Extubation time in both groups (354+/-36 min. and 279+/-17 min.) and side effects ( @entity390 and @entity391 ) was similar. CONCLUSION: Spinal @entity1286 @entity158 after cardiosurgery and don't increased extubation time and side effects of opioids.

title: [Intrathecal XXXX for postoperative @entity1337 in cardiac surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1181 and exostoses of the external auditory canal are @entity5 arising in bones, leading to its obstruction and causing @entity393 . The treatment of these entities may present a therapeutic dilemma. AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess epidemiological and clinical data and surgical treatment effectiveness. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 21 @entity1 (14 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ) between 18 to 63 years of age, treated in the Otorhinolaryngology Department of Medical University of @entity235  sk from 1995 to 2009. The results of audiometric, radiological and histopathological examination were taken into consideration. RESULTS: @entity1181 developing in tympanosquamous suture in 5 @entity1 , in tympanomastoid suture in 4. Bilateral exostoses occured in 12 @entity1 in anterior, posterior and inferior wall of the external auditory canal. In all @entity1 : conductive @entity393 ranged from 15 to 30 dB (average 29.9 dB), in 6 @entity1 with concomitant sensorineural component. @entity1181 were removed via intrauricular approach according to Mawson-Goodhill's method. Exostoses were removed via intrauricular, intracanal or postauricular approach. Histological examination confirmed benign overgrowth of compact and trabecular bone. The auditory canal was successfully reamed, the hearing improved in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1181 are @entity5 leading to obstruction of the external auditory canal. @entity11343 is the overgrowth of the external auditory canal's compact bone in adults. @entity1181 and exostoses may lead to @entity393 . Indications to surgical treatment are @entity158 , progressive @entity393 and recurrent @entity2346 external.

title: [ XXXX and exostoses of external auditory canal in material of Otolaryngology Department Medical University of @entity235  sk].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumours']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1181 :: ('MESH:D010016', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomas', 'Unilateral osteomas']

answer: @entity1181 :: (MESH:D010016,Disease) :: ['Osteomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1181 and exostoses of the external auditory canal are @entity5 arising in bones, leading to its obstruction and causing @entity393 . The treatment of these entities may present a therapeutic dilemma. AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess epidemiological and clinical data and surgical treatment effectiveness. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 21 @entity1 (14 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ) between 18 to 63 years of age, treated in the Otorhinolaryngology Department of Medical University of @entity235  sk from 1995 to 2009. The results of audiometric, radiological and histopathological examination were taken into consideration. RESULTS: @entity1181 developing in tympanosquamous suture in 5 @entity1 , in tympanomastoid suture in 4. Bilateral exostoses occured in 12 @entity1 in anterior, posterior and inferior wall of the external auditory canal. In all @entity1 : conductive @entity393 ranged from 15 to 30 dB (average 29.9 dB), in 6 @entity1 with concomitant sensorineural component. @entity1181 were removed via intrauricular approach according to Mawson-Goodhill's method. Exostoses were removed via intrauricular, intracanal or postauricular approach. Histological examination confirmed benign overgrowth of compact and trabecular bone. The auditory canal was successfully reamed, the hearing improved in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1181 are @entity5 leading to obstruction of the external auditory canal. @entity11343 is the overgrowth of the external auditory canal's compact bone in adults. @entity1181 and exostoses may lead to @entity393 . Indications to surgical treatment are @entity158 , progressive @entity393 and recurrent @entity2346 external.

title: [ @entity1181 and exostoses of external auditory canal in material of Otolaryngology Department Medical University of XXXX  sk].

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Gene) :: ['Gda']


abstract: Eleven cases are reported in which @entity204 occurred because of suffocation as a result of occlusion of the respiratory tract by sand (without thoracic compression: 3 cases) or being buried alive (8 cases). Two tables demonstrate the findings and circumstances in the events. Three cases are described in detail. A 22-year-old @entity1 was manhandled by blows and kicks to the head and neck. She became unconscious and her head and neck were covered by a layer of sand so that she suffocated. A 42-year-old @entity1 was smothered, while unconscious, in a prone position with his face in the sand, after hard blows to the head by two culprits. A 17-year-old @entity1 finally died by chocking. Previously the culprit had pressed her face into the ground, so that she aspirated particles of soil. The question of vital reactions during aspiration of sand was investigated by microscopic examination of the content of the air passage and by destroying parts of the lungs by @entity4197 . Minimal aspiration of sand occurred in all cases. Although the postmortal remains were left in the ground, there was no postmortem penetration of sand into the air passage. Histological examinations were carried out to support the diagnosis of violent suffocation. In some cases, there were remarkable findings (mobilization of alveolar cells, hepatocelullar @entity528 ), but there were no typical or unanimous findings that pertained to all cases.

title: [Suffocation XXXX by occlusion of the airways with sand].

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hydropic degeneration']

entities_list: @entity4197 :: ('CHEBI:26836', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphuric acid']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: An outpatient programme for rehabilitation of @entity1 with severe @entity73 due to @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) was conducted. Its main purpose was to assess the feasibility of the programme for @entity1030 @entity1 . METHODS: Initial assessment included a shuttle walking test, administration of the chronic @entity1576 questionnaire (CRDQ), assessment of the hospital @entity148 and @entity308 scale (HAD) and sickness impact profile (SIP). The @entity1 were entered into a 6-week outpatient programme between January 2007 to July 2007 during which they attended twice weekly for a 2 1/2 hour session. Assessment was repeated on completion of the study at three months and later at six months. RESULTS: The study included 44 (28 males) @entity1 with @entity1030 with a mean age 66 years. All @entity1 had severe @entity73 as defined by a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of less than 40% of predicted. The shuttle walking distance improved significantly and was maintained at the improved level for six months. The improvement in all four dimensions of the CRDQ was statistically significant (p < 0.05) and reached clinical significance for @entity1295 and for mastery. On entry, a notable level of @entity308 was found in 32% of @entity1 , and @entity148 in 40 percent. There was a significant reduction in both of these that was maintained at six months (p < 0.05). There was no improvement in the SIP at three months, but significant improvement was found at six months (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that a successful outpatient programme can be conducted in @entity1 with severe @entity73 , and that benefits in physical ability and in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) can be achieved. The improvements were maintained at six months.

title: Outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory impairment']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Upper urinary tract @entity1606 , a relatively rare @entity5 , is up to 100 times more frequent in regions with @entity8 . Characteristics of @entity1606 in the @entity4759 South Morava Region in Serbia in the previous 50 years were evaluated. @entity1 : We analyzed 477 cases with pathologically confirmed @entity1606 who underwent surgery from 1957 to 2006: 91 from @entity4759 , 106 from adjacent and 280 from control settlements. Cases in the study came from 10 @entity4759 villages, 46 adjacent villages, 51 control villages and the city of @entity22412 . RESULTS: The increase in @entity1606 from 1957 was followed by a peak between 1967 and 1978 (yearly incidence 21.9 per 100,000) and a slow decrease thereafter to 7.4 (1997-2006). In the control settlements, the increase was steady. Reduced kidney function at surgery was found in 58% of @entity1 from @entity4759 and in 20% from control settlements. Age at surgery has significantly increased from 52.3 and 51.5 (1957-1966) to 70.9 and 66.1 (1997-2006) for @entity4759 and control settlements, respectively. The female sex was predominant in @entity4759 and adjacent settlements and the male sex in control settlements. @entity1606 from @entity4759 settlements was of a lower grade in the period from 1957-1986, but in the period from 1987-2006 they were predominantly high grade. @entity5 stage (pTa-pT1) predominated in @entity1606 from the @entity4759 and adjacent but not the control settlements in the period from 1957 to 1986. However, in the last 20 years, upper urinary tract @entity1606 stage increased, the highest in the period from 1997 to 2006 in all settlements studied. Conservative surgery was advocated for @entity1606 in @entity8 areas up to 1996. @entity1606 are now more malignant and more advanced than before, and a less aggressive approach is used only for absolute indications. CONCLUSIONS: An increased @entity1606 in @entity4759 settlements was observed, markedly decreasing in the last decade. An increasing age and a shorter survival were recorded in @entity1 both from @entity8 and control settlements. Sporadic cases upper urinary tract @entity1606 in settlements adjacent to @entity4759 settlements were demonstrated.

title: Characteristics of upper urothelial carcinoma in an area of XXXX in south Serbia. A fifty-year retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Balkan endemic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Low tumor']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'Transitional cell carcinoma', 'number of transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Balkan endemic nephropathy']


abstract: We reviewed clinical records of 4 cases with @entity957 in anus to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the chemoradiotherapy. The radiation therapy consisted of 40 Gy was delivered to pelvis and bilateral inguinal lesion, and perianal booster dose of 20 Gy, in fractions of 2.0 Gy per day, was given five days a week. On the first day of radiation therapy, 750 mg/m2 of @entity1487 in the form of a continuous 24-hour infusion for 5 days was given. On the first day of chemotherapy, 10 mg/m2 of @entity1139 was also given as a single bolus infusion. 5-FU and @entity1139 were administered 4 times every 4 weeks. Three @entity1 had T2 @entity5 , and one @entity1 had T1 @entity5 . One @entity1 had @entity3 in para-aortic and Virchow lymph node. No @entity1 had hematogenous @entity3 . Grade 1 or 2 adverse effects occurred in 3 @entity1 during chemoradiotherapy, but the completion of chemoradiotherapy was achieved in all of the 4 @entity1 . All @entity1 had complete response in the @entity75 after chemoradiotherapy. No @entity1 had any sign of recurrence in @entity75 . Chemoradiotherapy was expected to be a safe and effective treatment to improve prognosis for @entity957 .

title: [Four cases of XXXX treated by chemoradiotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['anal lesion']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'anal squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['anal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: An obstetric population was screened 'blind' by measuring unconjugated @entity11111 (ucE3) and total @entity11111 (tE3) in serum. The purpose was firstly to ascertain the predictive values of ucE3 for the prediction of low birth weight and distressed neonates (perinatal deaths included), and secondly to compare the predictive values of ucE3 and tE3. The main material consisted of 1018 singleton pregnancies with known term, who would not have undergone @entity11111 (E3) measurement had it not been for this investigation. The study was carried out prospectively, and the obstetricians had no knowledge of the E3 values in the screened pregnancies. When at least one of the ucE3 values was low, the risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) @entity1 was 22%. Low tE3 implied a 27% risk. When both were low, the risk of a SGA @entity1 was 54%. The percentages of SGA @entity1 found were 18, 19, and 12%, when ucE3, tE3, or both respectively, were low. ucE3 does not appear to be superior to tE3. From the predictive values found in this study, screening of a total obstetric population with ucE3 and/or tE3 cannot be recommended.

title: Screening in pregnancy with unconjugated XXXX compared with total @entity11111 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

answer: @entity11111 :: (MESH:D004964,Chemical) :: ['estriol']


abstract: An obstetric population was screened 'blind' by measuring unconjugated @entity11111 (ucE3) and total @entity11111 (tE3) in serum. The purpose was firstly to ascertain the predictive values of ucE3 for the prediction of low birth weight and distressed neonates (perinatal deaths included), and secondly to compare the predictive values of ucE3 and tE3. The main material consisted of 1018 singleton pregnancies with known term, who would not have undergone @entity11111 (E3) measurement had it not been for this investigation. The study was carried out prospectively, and the obstetricians had no knowledge of the E3 values in the screened pregnancies. When at least one of the ucE3 values was low, the risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) @entity1 was 22%. Low tE3 implied a 27% risk. When both were low, the risk of a SGA @entity1 was 54%. The percentages of SGA @entity1 found were 18, 19, and 12%, when ucE3, tE3, or both respectively, were low. ucE3 does not appear to be superior to tE3. From the predictive values found in this study, screening of a total obstetric population with ucE3 and/or tE3 cannot be recommended.

title: Screening in pregnancy with unconjugated @entity11111 compared with total XXXX .

answer: @entity11111 :: (MESH:D004964,Chemical) :: ['estriol']


abstract: PROBLEM: Tonsillectomy performed as day surgery has become popular over the last fifteen years. However, there are conflicting opinions regarding the safety of this practice, especially in @entity1 of very young age. We sought to determine the safety of outpatient tonsillectomy in @entity1 aged three years old and younger. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study of all tonsillectomies performed in a major pediatric hospital during a two-year period was conducted. Age, gender, indication for tonsillectomy, other procedures performed simultaneously, seniority of operating surgeon, and reasons for hospital admissions during the first post-operative week were recorded. @entity1 with inappropriate records for the analysis were excluded. A total of 1058 @entity1 were studied. Tonsillectomized @entity1 were divided into two age groups: greater than 3 years old (n = 951) and 3 years old or younger (n = 107). RESULTS: Male gender, obstructed @entity25 @entity1353 as indication for surgery, seniority of the operating surgeon, and age of 3 years old or younger were not associated with @entity532 . CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient tonsillectomy can be managed safely regardless of age, as long as specific factors, such as good recovery room supervision, exist.

title: Outpatient cold knife tonsillectomy in toddlers with XXXX @entity1353 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disordered']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disordered']


abstract: PROBLEM: Tonsillectomy performed as day surgery has become popular over the last fifteen years. However, there are conflicting opinions regarding the safety of this practice, especially in @entity1 of very young age. We sought to determine the safety of outpatient tonsillectomy in @entity1 aged three years old and younger. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study of all tonsillectomies performed in a major pediatric hospital during a two-year period was conducted. Age, gender, indication for tonsillectomy, other procedures performed simultaneously, seniority of operating surgeon, and reasons for hospital admissions during the first post-operative week were recorded. @entity1 with inappropriate records for the analysis were excluded. A total of 1058 @entity1 were studied. Tonsillectomized @entity1 were divided into two age groups: greater than 3 years old (n = 951) and 3 years old or younger (n = 107). RESULTS: Male gender, obstructed @entity25 @entity1353 as indication for surgery, seniority of the operating surgeon, and age of 3 years old or younger were not associated with @entity532 . CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient tonsillectomy can be managed safely regardless of age, as long as specific factors, such as good recovery room supervision, exist.

title: Outpatient cold knife tonsillectomy in toddlers with @entity25 XXXX .

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effects of subjective @entity25 and Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores of @entity1 . METHODS: The study group consisted of 15 @entity1 , including 21 ears with @entity392 (6 bilateral, 9 unilateral). The control group consisted of 8 healthy @entity1 with normal hearing and no @entity392 (16 ears). We assessed sleep quality using the Mini Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ) and mental health using the MMSE. RESULTS: @entity25 ( @entity25 ) was significantly higher in @entity392 @entity1 (5.28 +/- 2.23) compared to controls (3.25 +/- 2.56) (p = 0.018). Subjective @entity392 level (STLL) scores were higher and sleep quality was impaired in females, older @entity1 , and @entity1 with lower MMSE scores. Sleep quality was also worse in @entity1 with longer @entity392 duration. In younger and well educated @entity1 , MMSE scores were higher. Higher STLL scores and shorter @entity392 duration were associated with lower MMSE scores. @entity1 with newly developed @entity392 reported more disturbances and showed greater effects on mental and cognitive functioning. CONCLUSION: In subjective @entity392 @entity1 , sleep delay values increased. Long @entity392 duration and high STLL scores may affects @entity1 ' cognitive functions as shown by decreased MMSE scores. Furthermore, mental status changes in @entity392 @entity1 were frequently overlooked.

title: Effects of subjective XXXX and Mini Mental Status Examination scores.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus', 'tinnitus loudness']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus on sleep quality', 'SD', 'Sleep delay']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['tinnitus on sleep quality']


abstract: @entity86 ( @entity292 ) associated with @entity1143 ( @entity1143 ) is a serious complication and a therapeutic challenge in thoracic surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of the use of the autologous platelet gel for the treatment of @entity292 and @entity1143 . We treated a @entity1 with post lung resection persistent @entity292 using a autologous platelet gel, a cellular compose produces at the Division of Immunohaematoligy and Trasfusion. The platelet gel- @entity3669 (Platelet-Rich Plasma) is a biological material made of autologous platelets, extracted from a small amount of the @entity1 's blood, centrifuged at 1100 g for 9 min. The @entity3669 obtained was activated by addition of autologous thrombin and @entity12374 to form a matrix of fibrin (PRFM) thick. The @entity1 presented important air leak after middle lobe wedge resection for solitary lung lesion with standard open decortication for important @entity456 post @entity5641 . On postoperative day XIII the @entity1 developed a thoracic @entity3509 and consequently underwent a antibiotic pleural irrigation through the chest drainage based on the microbiological analysis of the pleural fluid. After a week we obtained the resolution of the @entity3509 but a residual space remained and air leak persisted. We treated the @entity1 with autologous platelet gel. We administer 7.5 mL of the autologous platelet gel across the chest drainage ever 72 hours for 3 times. After the third application we had the closure of the cavity and the cessation of air leak. Autologous platelet gel is easy to use, safe and inexpensive. It can be considered a valid therapeutic option in selected @entity1 with @entity292 and a lung partial re-expansion. The product consist of a significant amount of cellular components with healing anti-inflammatory an proregenerative properities that permit the body to heal tissue wounds faster and more efficiently. A sterile @entity1143 is fundamental conditions for the final success of the procedure.

title: Autologus platelet gel for the management of persistent XXXX after lung resection.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['a alveolar fistula', 'AF', 'alveolar fistula']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative alveolar fistula']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural adhesions']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['alveolar fistula']


abstract: Seventy out- @entity1 suffering from @entity5116 were treated with a combination of @entity206 plus @entity1215 or @entity206 alone. A combination of 300 mg. @entity1215 plus 160 mg. @entity206 ( @entity72321 ) was used. Forty-four @entity1 were administered rifaprim at doses of 920 mg. (twice a day) for two months. Twenty-six @entity1 were administered @entity206 at doses of 320 mg. (twice a day) for two months. Cultures of the expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) yielded gram-positive bacteria in 61 @entity1 and gram-negative bacteria in 9. In rifaprim group, clinical responses were excellent in 9 cases, moderate in 23 cases and poor in 12 cases. The efficacy rate was 73%. In @entity206 group, excellent in 1 case, moderate in 14 cases and poor in 11 cases. The efficacy rate was 60%. Seven @entity1 of @entity5116 were treated by local injection of @entity2890 into the prostate. The antibiotic level in the prostatic fluid twenty-four hours after injection was very high. The @entity158 and discomfort experienced by the @entity1 during injection into the prostate were minimal. Local @entity39 was not found after histologic or electron microscopic studies of biopsied prostatic specimen after the injection. Results show that this simple method should be valuable in the treatment of the refractory group of @entity5116 .

title: [The effectiveness of a combination of @entity206 plus @entity1215 and local injection of antibiotics into the prostate in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5116 :: ('MESH:D011472', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bacterial prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity5116 :: (MESH:D011472,Disease) :: ['chronic bacterial prostatitis']


abstract: Seventy out- @entity1 suffering from @entity5116 were treated with a combination of @entity206 plus @entity1215 or @entity206 alone. A combination of 300 mg. @entity1215 plus 160 mg. @entity206 ( @entity72321 ) was used. Forty-four @entity1 were administered rifaprim at doses of 920 mg. (twice a day) for two months. Twenty-six @entity1 were administered @entity206 at doses of 320 mg. (twice a day) for two months. Cultures of the expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) yielded gram-positive bacteria in 61 @entity1 and gram-negative bacteria in 9. In rifaprim group, clinical responses were excellent in 9 cases, moderate in 23 cases and poor in 12 cases. The efficacy rate was 73%. In @entity206 group, excellent in 1 case, moderate in 14 cases and poor in 11 cases. The efficacy rate was 60%. Seven @entity1 of @entity5116 were treated by local injection of @entity2890 into the prostate. The antibiotic level in the prostatic fluid twenty-four hours after injection was very high. The @entity158 and discomfort experienced by the @entity1 during injection into the prostate were minimal. Local @entity39 was not found after histologic or electron microscopic studies of biopsied prostatic specimen after the injection. Results show that this simple method should be valuable in the treatment of the refractory group of @entity5116 .

title: [The effectiveness of a combination of XXXX plus @entity1215 and local injection of antibiotics into the prostate in @entity5116 ].

answer: @entity206 :: (MESH:D014295,Chemical) :: ['trimethoprim']


abstract: Seventy out- @entity1 suffering from @entity5116 were treated with a combination of @entity206 plus @entity1215 or @entity206 alone. A combination of 300 mg. @entity1215 plus 160 mg. @entity206 ( @entity72321 ) was used. Forty-four @entity1 were administered rifaprim at doses of 920 mg. (twice a day) for two months. Twenty-six @entity1 were administered @entity206 at doses of 320 mg. (twice a day) for two months. Cultures of the expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) yielded gram-positive bacteria in 61 @entity1 and gram-negative bacteria in 9. In rifaprim group, clinical responses were excellent in 9 cases, moderate in 23 cases and poor in 12 cases. The efficacy rate was 73%. In @entity206 group, excellent in 1 case, moderate in 14 cases and poor in 11 cases. The efficacy rate was 60%. Seven @entity1 of @entity5116 were treated by local injection of @entity2890 into the prostate. The antibiotic level in the prostatic fluid twenty-four hours after injection was very high. The @entity158 and discomfort experienced by the @entity1 during injection into the prostate were minimal. Local @entity39 was not found after histologic or electron microscopic studies of biopsied prostatic specimen after the injection. Results show that this simple method should be valuable in the treatment of the refractory group of @entity5116 .

title: [The effectiveness of a combination of @entity206 plus XXXX and local injection of antibiotics into the prostate in @entity5116 ].

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether size at birth and rate of fetal growth influence the risk of @entity0 in adulthood. DESIGN: Cohort identified from detailed birth records, with 97% follow up. SETTING: Uppsala Academic Hospital, Sweden. @entity1 : 5358 singleton females born during 1915-29, alive and traced to the 1960 census. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of @entity0 before (at age <50 years) and after (> or = 50 years) the menopause. RESULTS: Size at birth was positively associated with rates of @entity0 in premenopausal @entity1 . In @entity1 who weighed > or =4000 g at birth rates of @entity0 were 3.5 times (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 9.3) those in @entity1 of similar gestational age who weighed <3000 g at birth. Rates in @entity1 in the top fifths of the distributions of birth length and head circumference were 3.4 (1.5 to 7.9) and 4.0 (1.6 to 10.0) times those in the lowest fifths (adjusted for gestational age). The effect of birth @entity353 after adjustment for birth length or head circumference, whereas the effects of birth length and head circumference remained significant after adjustment for birth weight. For a given size at birth, gestational age was inversely associated with risk (P=0.03 for linear trend). Adjustment for markers of adult risk factors did not affect these findings. Birth size was not associated with rates of @entity0 in postmenopausal @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Size at birth, particularly length and head circumference, is associated with risk of @entity0 in @entity1 aged <50 years. Fetal growth rate, as measured by birth size adjusted for gestational age, rather than size at birth may be the aetiologically relevant factor in @entity0 .

title: Fetal growth and subsequent risk of XXXX : results from long term follow up of Swedish cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'premenopausal breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight disappeared']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the face of the A(H1N1) 2009 @entity683 pandemic, in October 2009 the French military health service (SSA) initiated a large vaccination campaign with Pandemrix(  ) vaccine in the military forces. The aim of this study was to describe @entity137 ( @entity137 ) reported during this campaign. METHODS: @entity137 and the number of @entity1 vaccinated were surveyed by the SSA Epidemiological network across all military forces during the campaign, from October 2009 to April 2010. For each case, a notification form was completed, providing @entity1 and clinical information. Three types of @entity137 were considered: non-serious, serious and unexpected. RESULTS: There were 315.4 reported @entity137 per 100,000 vaccinations. Vaccination and @entity137 incidence rate peaks coincided with @entity683 peak in early December. The number of injected doses was 49,138, corresponding to a 14.5% vaccination coverage among military personnel, and 155 @entity137 were reported, including 5 serious @entity137 (1 @entity5011 , 2 malaises and 1 @entity410 episode). Most @entity137 were non-serious (97.1%). Among these, 6 cases of local, rapidly regressive paresthesia were observed. DISCUSSION: The military @entity137 surveillance system constitutes the only observatory on benign @entity137 in France. The reporting rate was much higher after the pandemic vaccine than after the seasonal vaccine, which may be a reflection of stimulated reporting. This report provides a useful description of @entity137 among military personnel during a mass emergency vaccination program, showing that the tolerance of the pandemic vaccine appeared acceptable.

title: Adverse events following pandemic XXXX vaccine Pandemrix   reported in the French military forces--2009-2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['VAE', 'vaccine adverse events']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza epidemic']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barre syndrome']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: PURPOSE: National health statistics indicate that blacks have lower survival rates from @entity14 than do whites. This disparity has been attributed to differences in stage at diagnosis and other disease features, extent and quality of treatment, and socioeconomic factors. We evaluated outcomes for blacks and whites with @entity5 who participated in randomized clinical trials of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP). The randomized trial setting enhances uniformity in disease stage and treatment plan among all @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included black (N = 104) or white (N = 1,070) @entity1 from two serially conducted NSABP randomized trials for operable @entity5 . Recurrence-free survival and survival were compared using statistical modeling to account for differences in @entity1 and disease characteristics between the groups. RESULTS: Blacks and whites had largely similar disease features at diagnosis. After adjustment for @entity1 and @entity5 prognostic covariates, the black/white recurrence hazard ratio (HR) was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.66). The mortality HR was somewhat larger at 1.45 (95% CI = 1.09 to 1.93). Outcomes were improved for both groups in the more recent trial, which employed systemic adjuvant chemotherapy in all treatment arms. CONCLUSION: Recurrence-free survival was modestly less favorable for blacks, whereas overall survival was more disparate. Outcomes between groups were more comparable than those noted in national health statistics surveys and other studies. Adequate treatment access and the identification of new prognostic factors that can identify @entity1 at high risk of recurrence are needed to ensure optimal outcomes for @entity5 @entity1 of all racial/ethnic backgrounds.

title: Prognosis after XXXX in blacks and whites participating in adjuvant therapy randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of study was to evaluate the results of our experience with transarterial embolization based on a modified algorithm in @entity1 with @entity130 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected data of @entity1 admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to August 2008 for blunt @entity130 . During this period, 46 @entity1 were admitted for @entity130 , of whom 17 were treated surgically, 15 conservatively and 14 with percutaneous embolisation (13 @entity1 , mean age 44.8, mean injury severity score 18.5, six with grade IV and eight with contrast blush). @entity1 in shock were referred for laparotomy and splenectomy, whereas those who were haemodynamically stable or responsive to fluid resuscitation were further evaluated with computed tomography (CT). In the presence of imaging evidence of @entity130 ranging from grade I to grade III (n=15) a conservative approach was adopted, whereas haemodynamically unstable @entity1 with grade V injury (n=17) were treated with splenectomy. Embolisation was performed in 14 @entity1 with @entity130 or in the event of contrast extravasation, regardless of injury grade. In @entity1 with diffuse organ damage, we embolised the main splenic artery, whereas in the case of @entity130 , embolisation was selective. RESULTS: Proximal embolization was required in eight cases and distal coil embolization in six. In 13 cases, we placed magnetic-resonance-compatible coils 4-6 mm in diameter; only one @entity1 was treated with gel-foam injection. Immediate technical success was achieved in all cases. In 13/14 @entity1 (92.9%), no periprocedural complications were observed, whereas the remaining @entity1 underwent splenectomy within 24 h due to recurrent @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our algorithm, it is possible to reach a quick decision on the most appropriate treatment for @entity1 presenting with blunt @entity1661 , and @entity1416 seems to offer a reliable option in those with high-grade @entity130 or active @entity548 .

title: The role of XXXX in blunt @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'splenic trauma', 'grade IV injury', 'localised injury']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['arterial embolization']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of study was to evaluate the results of our experience with transarterial embolization based on a modified algorithm in @entity1 with @entity130 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected data of @entity1 admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to August 2008 for blunt @entity130 . During this period, 46 @entity1 were admitted for @entity130 , of whom 17 were treated surgically, 15 conservatively and 14 with percutaneous embolisation (13 @entity1 , mean age 44.8, mean injury severity score 18.5, six with grade IV and eight with contrast blush). @entity1 in shock were referred for laparotomy and splenectomy, whereas those who were haemodynamically stable or responsive to fluid resuscitation were further evaluated with computed tomography (CT). In the presence of imaging evidence of @entity130 ranging from grade I to grade III (n=15) a conservative approach was adopted, whereas haemodynamically unstable @entity1 with grade V injury (n=17) were treated with splenectomy. Embolisation was performed in 14 @entity1 with @entity130 or in the event of contrast extravasation, regardless of injury grade. In @entity1 with diffuse organ damage, we embolised the main splenic artery, whereas in the case of @entity130 , embolisation was selective. RESULTS: Proximal embolization was required in eight cases and distal coil embolization in six. In 13 cases, we placed magnetic-resonance-compatible coils 4-6 mm in diameter; only one @entity1 was treated with gel-foam injection. Immediate technical success was achieved in all cases. In 13/14 @entity1 (92.9%), no periprocedural complications were observed, whereas the remaining @entity1 underwent splenectomy within 24 h due to recurrent @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our algorithm, it is possible to reach a quick decision on the most appropriate treatment for @entity1 presenting with blunt @entity1661 , and @entity1416 seems to offer a reliable option in those with high-grade @entity130 or active @entity548 .

title: The role of @entity1416 in blunt XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic injury']


abstract: The pathogenesis of acquired @entity5479 is still unknown and subject of controversial discussions. Based on clinical and histological findings, several theories for @entity3540 pathogenesis have been developed: 1) retraction pocket theory; 2) proliferation theory; 3) immigration theory, and 4) metaplasia theory. Additionally @entity3540 development was grouped in particular stages. Immunohistochemical examinations of the matrix and perimatrix have considerably improved the knowledge of @entity3540 pathogenesis. In this review the current concepts of @entity3540 pathogenesis are discussed: a retraction pocket occurs due to a @entity409 . @entity281 leads to a disturbance of self-cleaning mechanisms, with cell debris and keratinocytes accumulate inside the retraction pocket, and this is followed by an immigration of immune cells, i. e. Langerhans' cells, T-cells, macrophages. There is an imbalance and a vicious circle of epithelial proliferation, keratinocyte differentiation and maturation, prolonged apoptosis, and disturbance of self-cleaning mechanisms. The inflammatory stimulus will induce an epithelial proliferation along with expression of lytic enzymes and cytokines. As a consequence, some "microcholesteatoma" occur which will confluent. Bacteria inside the retraction pocket produce some antigens which will activate different cytokines and lytic enzymes, i. e. ICAM, @entity5298 , @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , @entity1476 , and @entity1495 . These cytokines lead to activation and maturing of osteoclasts with the consequence of degradation of extracellular bone matrix and hyperproliferation, bone arrosion and finally progression of the disease. The question why not all @entity3540 show the same progression process is still unclear. A probable explanation could be that in most retraction pockets migration and self-cleansing mechanisms for keratinocytes are well functioning, with normal migration of the squamous epithelium from the basal layers to the surface. Nevertheless, future research will have to evaluate this topic which might be crucial for the understanding of @entity3540 pathogenesis and for therapy.

title: [Current concepts of the pathogenesis of acquired XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['tubal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5479 :: ('MESH:D018424', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatomas', 'cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Local infection']

answer: @entity5479 :: (MESH:D018424,Disease) :: ['middle ear cholesteatoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate seasonal patterns and age-associated trends of the main bacterial, viral, and parasitic enteric pathogens in Southwest Germany. @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 2002 through December 2008 a total of 99,057 @entity1 were tested for Norovirus, Rotavirus, bacterial pathogens, @entity2432 ( @entity2432 ), and @entity461 ( @entity461 ). RESULTS: All these pathogens were detected throughout the whole year. But there were distinctive seasonal patterns of activity of the following pathogens being detected: norovirus was detected mainly from September through April. The highest rotovirus activity was observed from December through June. But bacterial pathogens und @entity2432 were found mainly from June to November. The percentage of positive results during the months with the highest activity was 10 - 49% for norovirus, 25% - 41% for rotavirus, 14 - 18% for @entity2348 and 3 - 4 % for @entity2432 . @entity461 and adenovirus were found throughout the year in 7 - 15% and 3 - 10% of samples, respectively. Moreover, the detection rate of different pathogens depended on @entity1 age. In @entity1 younger than one year, rotavirus, norovirus and adenovirus were most frequently isolated pathogenes. Stool samples from kindergarden- and school-age @entity1 were positive largely for bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella and Campylobacter particularly in late summer or early autum. In @entity1 older than 60 years, norovirus, rotavirus, and toxin producing @entity2718 strains were the most common pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the age and season related frequency of detection of enteric pathogens, a step-by-step diagnosis of @entity344 is recommended. Considering that most pathogens are detected sporadically over the whole year, the analysis of negative samples should be appropriately expanded. The knowledge of seasonal occurrence can also be applied to improve the application of hygienic measures.

title: [Epidemiological aspects of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tract infections']

entities_list: @entity2432 :: ('5807', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum', 'C. parvum']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia', 'G. lamblia']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to assess the informative value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound after radiofrequency ablation (RFA). @entity1 who had undergone RFA of @entity96 were followed up with contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS), computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance tomography (MRI), and the outcomes were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 76 @entity1 undergoing 194 RFAs for 118 @entity99 (n = 55 HCC, n = 63 metastases) in the course of a 7-year period were examined post-interventionally using CEUS and CT or MRI. During follow-up (gold standard of evaluation), contrast agent rim accumulations with a diameter greater than 5 mm and a growth rate of at least 25 % were counted as a recurrence. RESULTS: CEUS-CT comparison group: A total of 65 scan pairs were compared. In 54 cases (83.1 %) the findings were the same with either method. In 7 cases (10.8 %) CEUS confirmed the correct diagnosis, and in 2 cases (3.1 %) only CT was correct. In 2 cases (3.1 %) both methods yielded incorrect results. Diagnostic accuracy (DA): CEUS 93.8 %, CT 86.2 %. CEUS-MRI comparison group: In 23 cases (88.5 %) of a total of 26 scan pairs, the findings were the same for both CEUS and MRI. In 3 discordant cases only CEUS confirmed the correct diagnosis (3 cases, 11.5 %). Diagnostic accuracy DA (n = 26): CEUS 100 %, MRI 88.4 %. CONCLUSION: CEUS performs equally to CT and MRI in the follow-up of @entity1 treated for @entity96 by RFA.

title: Efficacy of contrast-enhanced US versus CT or MRI for the therapeutic control of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver tumors', 'liver tumors']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) induce differentiation of @entity1778 cells; however, little is known about its effect on solid @entity5 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity9188 can induce cell differentiation and its association with growth inhibition in @entity1 @entity189 using BALB/C @entity19 xenograft model. METHODS: Poorly differentiated @entity1 @entity957 cells from CSNE-1 cell strain were transplanted subcutaneously to BALB/C @entity19 to produce @entity5 . @entity9188 at a dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 was given intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days, and then 3 times a week for the following 3 weeks. The xenograft @entity5 growth in @entity19 was observed after drug administration. The morphological changes of the @entity5 were examined under light and electron microscopy. @entity4698 ( @entity4698 ) expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9188 at dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 significantly inhibited the @entity5 growth in vivo, with a inhibitory rate of 75.4%. Remarkable cell differentiation induced by @entity9188 was observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope, which was characterized by keratinization of @entity5 cells, decreased nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, increased cytoplasmic organelles and rich tonofibrils in cytoplasm. Desmosomes and micro-processes were much more frequently observed in @entity5 treated with @entity9188 . Significantly decreased @entity4698 expression was observed in @entity9188 -treated @entity5 cells. The @entity4698 -positive cell index (PI) was 53.6 +/- 7.0% in @entity9188 -treated @entity19 , and 95.2 +/- 5.0% in control, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The growth of @entity1 @entity189 xenograft in BALB/C @entity19 can be significantly inhibited by @entity9188 , which might be related to the cell differentiation induced by @entity9188 .

title: [ @entity4447 induces differentiation of XXXX @entity189 in BALB/C @entity19 xenograft model].

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4698 :: ('18538(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'Proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) induce differentiation of @entity1778 cells; however, little is known about its effect on solid @entity5 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity9188 can induce cell differentiation and its association with growth inhibition in @entity1 @entity189 using BALB/C @entity19 xenograft model. METHODS: Poorly differentiated @entity1 @entity957 cells from CSNE-1 cell strain were transplanted subcutaneously to BALB/C @entity19 to produce @entity5 . @entity9188 at a dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 was given intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days, and then 3 times a week for the following 3 weeks. The xenograft @entity5 growth in @entity19 was observed after drug administration. The morphological changes of the @entity5 were examined under light and electron microscopy. @entity4698 ( @entity4698 ) expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9188 at dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 significantly inhibited the @entity5 growth in vivo, with a inhibitory rate of 75.4%. Remarkable cell differentiation induced by @entity9188 was observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope, which was characterized by keratinization of @entity5 cells, decreased nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, increased cytoplasmic organelles and rich tonofibrils in cytoplasm. Desmosomes and micro-processes were much more frequently observed in @entity5 treated with @entity9188 . Significantly decreased @entity4698 expression was observed in @entity9188 -treated @entity5 cells. The @entity4698 -positive cell index (PI) was 53.6 +/- 7.0% in @entity9188 -treated @entity19 , and 95.2 +/- 5.0% in control, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The growth of @entity1 @entity189 xenograft in BALB/C @entity19 can be significantly inhibited by @entity9188 , which might be related to the cell differentiation induced by @entity9188 .

title: [ XXXX induces differentiation of @entity1 @entity189 in BALB/C @entity19 xenograft model].

answer: @entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['Arsenic trioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) induce differentiation of @entity1778 cells; however, little is known about its effect on solid @entity5 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity9188 can induce cell differentiation and its association with growth inhibition in @entity1 @entity189 using BALB/C @entity19 xenograft model. METHODS: Poorly differentiated @entity1 @entity957 cells from CSNE-1 cell strain were transplanted subcutaneously to BALB/C @entity19 to produce @entity5 . @entity9188 at a dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 was given intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days, and then 3 times a week for the following 3 weeks. The xenograft @entity5 growth in @entity19 was observed after drug administration. The morphological changes of the @entity5 were examined under light and electron microscopy. @entity4698 ( @entity4698 ) expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9188 at dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 significantly inhibited the @entity5 growth in vivo, with a inhibitory rate of 75.4%. Remarkable cell differentiation induced by @entity9188 was observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope, which was characterized by keratinization of @entity5 cells, decreased nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, increased cytoplasmic organelles and rich tonofibrils in cytoplasm. Desmosomes and micro-processes were much more frequently observed in @entity5 treated with @entity9188 . Significantly decreased @entity4698 expression was observed in @entity9188 -treated @entity5 cells. The @entity4698 -positive cell index (PI) was 53.6 +/- 7.0% in @entity9188 -treated @entity19 , and 95.2 +/- 5.0% in control, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The growth of @entity1 @entity189 xenograft in BALB/C @entity19 can be significantly inhibited by @entity9188 , which might be related to the cell differentiation induced by @entity9188 .

title: [ @entity4447 induces differentiation of @entity1 XXXX in BALB/C @entity19 xenograft model].

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) induce differentiation of @entity1778 cells; however, little is known about its effect on solid @entity5 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity9188 can induce cell differentiation and its association with growth inhibition in @entity1 @entity189 using BALB/C @entity19 xenograft model. METHODS: Poorly differentiated @entity1 @entity957 cells from CSNE-1 cell strain were transplanted subcutaneously to BALB/C @entity19 to produce @entity5 . @entity9188 at a dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 was given intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days, and then 3 times a week for the following 3 weeks. The xenograft @entity5 growth in @entity19 was observed after drug administration. The morphological changes of the @entity5 were examined under light and electron microscopy. @entity4698 ( @entity4698 ) expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9188 at dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 significantly inhibited the @entity5 growth in vivo, with a inhibitory rate of 75.4%. Remarkable cell differentiation induced by @entity9188 was observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope, which was characterized by keratinization of @entity5 cells, decreased nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, increased cytoplasmic organelles and rich tonofibrils in cytoplasm. Desmosomes and micro-processes were much more frequently observed in @entity5 treated with @entity9188 . Significantly decreased @entity4698 expression was observed in @entity9188 -treated @entity5 cells. The @entity4698 -positive cell index (PI) was 53.6 +/- 7.0% in @entity9188 -treated @entity19 , and 95.2 +/- 5.0% in control, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The growth of @entity1 @entity189 xenograft in BALB/C @entity19 can be significantly inhibited by @entity9188 , which might be related to the cell differentiation induced by @entity9188 .

title: [ @entity4447 induces differentiation of @entity1 @entity189 in BALB/C XXXX xenograft model].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Some clinical and histopathological features of @entity957 (TSCC) were closely associated with occult cervical @entity1600 (OCLNM). This study was designed to investigate the correlation between occult cervical @entity1600 in @entity957 and the clinicopathological indexes of @entity5 tissue. METHODS: Thirty-five TSCC @entity1 with OCLNM treated in @entity5 Center, Sun Yat-sen University from 1988 to 1996 were enrolled. According to random principle, 35 TSCC @entity1 without OCLNM at the same period were selected. Tumor @entity2632 was measured and pathological parameters were assessed under microscope. RESULTS: The rates of OCLNM in group of infiltrative plus ulcerative type, group of infiltrative type, group of ulcerative type and group of exogenous type were 70.37%, 41.67%, 40.00%, and 27.27%, respectively; the rates of OCLNM in T1, T2, and T4 were 44.00%, 43.48%, and 62.64%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of @entity5 @entity2632 < 4 mm, 4-7.9 mm, and > or = 8 mm were 14.29%, 61.54%, and 88.89%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of response of peritumoral lymphocyte +, ++ and +++ were 73.68%, 58.62%, and 18.18%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of with vascular invasion and without vascular invasion were 85.71% and 46.03%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of well, moderate, and poor differentiation were 52.63%, 42.31%, and 66.67%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of invasive patterns of type I, type II, type III, and type IV were 40.90%, 50.00%, 52.00%, and 80.00%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that OCLNM in TSCC was closely associated with gross appearance of @entity5 , @entity5 @entity2632 , response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte and vascular invasion (P < 0.05), but was not associated with T stage, pathological differentiation, and invasion way (P > 0.05); Logistic multivariate analysis manifested that only @entity5 @entity2632 and response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte significantly correlated with OCLNM in TSCC. CONCLUSION: There was significant correlation between gross appearance of @entity5 , @entity5 @entity2632 , response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte and vascular invasion and OCLNM in TSCC. These parameters can be used to predict occult cervical @entity1600 in TSCC.

title: [Clinical and pathological related factors of occult cervical @entity1600 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of tongue']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of tongue']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Some clinical and histopathological features of @entity957 (TSCC) were closely associated with occult cervical @entity1600 (OCLNM). This study was designed to investigate the correlation between occult cervical @entity1600 in @entity957 and the clinicopathological indexes of @entity5 tissue. METHODS: Thirty-five TSCC @entity1 with OCLNM treated in @entity5 Center, Sun Yat-sen University from 1988 to 1996 were enrolled. According to random principle, 35 TSCC @entity1 without OCLNM at the same period were selected. Tumor @entity2632 was measured and pathological parameters were assessed under microscope. RESULTS: The rates of OCLNM in group of infiltrative plus ulcerative type, group of infiltrative type, group of ulcerative type and group of exogenous type were 70.37%, 41.67%, 40.00%, and 27.27%, respectively; the rates of OCLNM in T1, T2, and T4 were 44.00%, 43.48%, and 62.64%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of @entity5 @entity2632 < 4 mm, 4-7.9 mm, and > or = 8 mm were 14.29%, 61.54%, and 88.89%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of response of peritumoral lymphocyte +, ++ and +++ were 73.68%, 58.62%, and 18.18%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of with vascular invasion and without vascular invasion were 85.71% and 46.03%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of well, moderate, and poor differentiation were 52.63%, 42.31%, and 66.67%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of invasive patterns of type I, type II, type III, and type IV were 40.90%, 50.00%, 52.00%, and 80.00%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that OCLNM in TSCC was closely associated with gross appearance of @entity5 , @entity5 @entity2632 , response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte and vascular invasion (P < 0.05), but was not associated with T stage, pathological differentiation, and invasion way (P > 0.05); Logistic multivariate analysis manifested that only @entity5 @entity2632 and response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte significantly correlated with OCLNM in TSCC. CONCLUSION: There was significant correlation between gross appearance of @entity5 , @entity5 @entity2632 , response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte and vascular invasion and OCLNM in TSCC. These parameters can be used to predict occult cervical @entity1600 in TSCC.

title: [Clinical and pathological related factors of occult cervical XXXX in @entity957 ].

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: Bowel function varies markedly among @entity1 with colectomy and ileal pouch-anal @entity254 . Little is known of the mechanisms controlling fecal continence and frequency of defecation after operation. The aim of this study was to determine which features of the anal sphincter and neorectum accounted for the variation in clinical outcome. Twenty @entity1 were studied 4 to 35 months after operation and compared to 12 healthy volunteers. Despite several @entity1 exhibiting @entity73 and ileal pouch capacity and distensibility were similar in @entity1 and controls. @entity1 with poor results, however, had rapid filling of their ileal pouch, which resulted in early onset of high amplitude propulsive pressure waves in the pouch. As these waves became more frequent, defecation resulted. @entity1 with poor results also were not able to empty adequately their pouch. The poorer the completeness of evacuation, the more frequent the defecation (r = 0.62, p less than 0.01). The authors conclude that rapid pouch filling and impaired pouch evacuation can lead to increased stool frequency in @entity1 after ileal pouch-anal @entity254 .

title: Anal and neorectal function after ileal pouch-anal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired fecal continence, anal sphincteric length and pressures']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Thirty-two @entity1 were treated for @entity2914 at our institution from 1979 to 1984. Eight were in no or minimal distress at birth and had operative intervention when they were more than 24 hours old; survival was 100%. The remaining 24 neonates required immediate intubation and ventilation followed by operation at less than 12 hours of age. Overall survival was 54%; survival was 31% (4 of 13 @entity1 , Group 1) in the first three years of the series and 82% (9 of 11 @entity1 , Group 2) in the last three years (p less than 0.001). Apgar score, gestational age, birth weight, and incidence of associated @entity299 were equal for the two groups (all, p greater than 0.05). The two groups also were examined with reference to alveolar-arterial oxygen differences P(A-a)O2 and mean airway pressure (MAP). The best preoperative P(A-a)O2 was greater than 600 mm Hg for 7 neonates in Group 1 and 6 in Group 2, and survival was 0% and 71%, respectively (p less than 0.001). @entity1 with a postoperative MAP of 13 cm @entity2507 or greater had a higher mortality (100% in Group 1 and 50% in Group 2, p greater than 0.05). Our treatment protocol was studied to determine those methods related to improved survival. @entity4388 infusion was used earlier in Group 2 as a prophylaxis against @entity33711 ( @entity33711 ) (p greater than 0.05). The incidence of severe @entity33711 dropped from 85 to 54% (p greater than 0.05). Higher ventilator rates rather than pressures were used to achieve equally effective ventilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Improving survival in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity33711 :: ('MESH:D010547', 'Disease') :: ['PFC', 'persistent fetal circulation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: A retrospective analysis of 30 @entity1 with @entity6130 ( @entity6130 ) was performed to define the natural history of the disease and the risk of acute transformation. Our @entity1 fulfilled the following criteria of diagnosis: blood monocytosis over 1 X 10(9)/l, blast cell percentage in bone marrow up to 30, and in peripheral blood less than 5. The most common presenting feature was @entity417 ; seven @entity1 had fever; three @entity1 @entity4125 and @entity548 . Anysopoikilocytosis and @entity11140 were frequent. Abnormal granulocyte morphology, defective granulation and abnormal leukocyte alkaline phosphatase were often observed. Blast cells in peripheral blood smears were found in 14 patients. Serum and urine lysozyme levels were increased in 82 per cent and 93 per cent, respectively. Dysplastic changes involving erythroid, granulocytic and megakaryocytic lineages were constant features in all cases. Agranulated blasts above 5 per cent of marrow nucleated cells were seen in 13 @entity1 (43 per cent). Seven of the 20 @entity1 showed non-specific @entity2008 at diagnosis. Median survival from diagnosis was 18 months (range, 3-112). Evolution into @entity3052 occurred in 11 @entity1 . No difference in survival was found between @entity1 who developed @entity3052 and @entity1 who did not. A shorter survival has correlated to the following parameters: leukocytes greater than 10 X 10(9)/l, the presence of blasts in peripheral blood and agranulated blasts in the marrow above 5 per cent.

title: XXXX : clinical features, cytogenetics, and prognosis in 30 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelomonocytic leukemia', 'CrMML']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['complained of purpura']

entities_list: @entity11140 :: ('MESH:C564004', 'Disease') :: ['macrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity6130 :: (MESH:D015477,Disease) :: ['Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia']


abstract: The relationship between (a) "tallness" and (b) cross-sectional area of the endothelial cells (EC) of postcapillary venules ( @entity1485 ) and capillaries and the cellular composition of adjacent perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates in rheumatoid (RA) synovial membrane has been examined by electron microscopy. "Tallness" of the EC was measured as the ratio of the height of the EC to its base (H/B). H/B showed a strong positive correlation with the number and percent of perivascular lymphocytes, i.e., the denser the @entity706 , the taller the EC. In contrast, H/B showed negative correlations with percent perivascular plasma cells, macrophages, and fibroblast(cyte)s. No such correlations were observed with pericapillary infiltrates. A computer-based morphometric technique yielded similar relationships between the cross-sectional area of the EC and the composition of the perivascular infiltrates. These results indicate that the EC of @entity1485 in lymphocyte-rich areas of synovium tend to be tall and to occupy an increased fraction of the cross-sectional area of the vessel. In contrast, in areas rich in macrophages and plasma cells, EC tend to be flat and to occupy a smaller fraction of the cross-sectional area. @entity1485 in uninfiltrated interstitial areas and in normal synovium had flat EC, and capillaries had flat EC regardless of the character of the surrounding infiltrate. Finally, @entity1485 in lymphocyte-rich areas closely resembled those of tonsil in appearance. Our findings indicate that the @entity1485 of the RA synovial membrane from which lymphocytes emigrate to form perivascular lymphoid aggregates resemble those of lymphoid tissue. They suggest that chronic inflammatory tissue and normal lymphoid tissue share mechanisms of lymphocyte emigration.

title: Electron microscopic study of rheumatoid synovial vasculature. Intimate relationship between tall endothelium and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid aggregation']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid aggregation']


abstract: Nursing behaviour and reflex milk ejection were studied over 257 suckling periods in 26 Californian @entity95 . Detailed plasma profiles of @entity398 were obtained for 161 suckling periods in 16 animals. Plasma @entity398 was detected by radioimmunoassay in serial samples of 0.2 ml blood collected during nursing. @entity398 titres were below the lower limit of the assay (5 pmol/l) before suckling, and started to rise at a rate of 2.8 +/- 0.8 (S.D.) pmol/l per s 10-30 s after the onset of suckling. Peak levels of hormone were 345 +/- 113 pmol/l and were attained towards the end of nursing. In 33 of these experiments simultaneous records of activity from @entity398 neurones were taken whilst chronically sampling the blood. Each neurone gave an average of seven bursts of neurosecretory activity in suckling. Onset of this bursting pattern of discharge began 5-24 s before the rise in plasma @entity398 was detected. @entity398 neurone activity alone was monitored in a further 55 suckling periods in eight @entity95 . A marked relationship between the duration of suckling period, milk yield, peak @entity398 levels and the length of neurosecretory bursts was demonstrated over the course of lactation. All four parameters increased in parallel from day 1 to reach maximal values on days 15-20 of lactation then started to wane until the doe ceased nursing her litter on days 25-27 of lactation.

title: Aspects of the neuronal and endocrine components of reflex milk ejection in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: @entity1 with locally advanced primary or recurrent @entity5 have a poor prognosis. The doses of external radiation necessary to treat gross or microscopic recurrent disease in @entity1 previously irradiated exceed the doses tolerated by normal tissue [1,3-5]. IORT has been added to the treatment armamentarium in this group of @entity1 to maximize local control and minimize the radiation exposure to dose-limiting surrounding structures. In addition, IORT may improve the long-term local control and the overall survival rates in @entity1 with pelvic sidewall or para-aortic nodal recurrence [1,4,5]. The most encouraging results are seen in cases of microscopic @entity66 following surgical debulking [4,6]. In @entity5 , IORT has served to reiterate the importance of optimal surgical resection. Higher 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates have been documented in @entity1 who have microscopic @entity66 , compared with those who have gross @entity66 [1,3-6]. IORT in the management of @entity5 has not been used extensively. In @entity1358 , where surgery alone often results in suboptimal treatment results, IORT seems to be well tolerated and controls local disease [2,27,29,30]. Because of the chemoresistant nature of @entity1358 , IORT may play an important role in the future in the management of locally advanced and recurrent @entity1358 . In @entity150 , IORT had been used in combination with chemotherapy and EBRT, as part of bladder-sparing protocols. The data suggest that IORT in this @entity1 population is also well tolerated, and may become more widely used as less radical surgical procedures gain clinical importance. IORT in the treatment of prostate and @entity5 has not been used frequently, given the highly efficacious treatment modalities currently available to treat these @entity5 . A review of institutional experiences with IORT may allow the establishment of guidelines for @entity1 selection. These criteria, in turn, may be useful in the design of clinical trials. The construction, execution, and evaluation of clinical trials are mandatory to adequately assess the role of IORT in the treatment of @entity1 with gynecologic and @entity5 .

title: Intraoperative radiation therapy in the management of gynecologic and genitourinary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancers', 'GU malignancies', 'malignancies', 'gynecologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: Our objective was to develop an operation for morbid @entity28 that would be simple, safe, and effective and yet have few long-term adverse physiologic effects. Vertical gastroplasty was chosen. A small proximal gastric pouch was fashioned by stapling vertically beginning 5 cm distal to the @entity418 along the lesser curvature of the stomach and ending just lateral to the esophagogastric junction along the greater curvature. A 1.1-cm channel through the staple line was left near the lesser curvature of the stomach. No gastric incisions, enterostomies, or anastomoses were necessary. Among 57 @entity1 (with a mean +/- SEM preoperative weight of 136 +/- 4.5 kg) operated on since January 1981, no @entity204 occurred and no gastric reoperations were done. The hospital stay was short (mean, 9 days). In 32 @entity1 who were followed up for 1 year or longer, the mean percentage of excess weight lost was 39% at 6 months, 43% at 12 months, and 34% at 24 months. Two @entity1 had disruption of the staple line and regained weight by 24 months postoperatively. Channel @entity850 occurred within 6 months after operation in seven @entity1 , all of whom were managed successfully with endoscopic dilation. We conclude that vertical gastroplasty is a simple, safe operation for morbid @entity28 with few adverse sequelae, but the percentage of excess weight lost during a 1- to 4-year follow-up exceeded 50% in only 31% of our @entity1 .

title: Vertical gastroplasty for morbid XXXX : clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: AIM: R0 resection of locally advanced or recurrent @entity5 is the key determinant of outcome. Disease extension high on the sacrum has been considered a contraindication to surgery because of associated morbidity and difficulty in achieving complete pathological resection. Total sacrectomy has a high morbidity with poor function. METHOD: We describe a novel technique of high subcortical sacrectomy (HiSS) to facilitate complete resection of disease extending to the upper sacrum at S1 and S2 to avoid high or total sacrectomy or a nonoperative approach to management. Details of @entity1 demographics, radiology, operative details, postoperative histology, length of hospital stay and complications were entered into a prospectively maintained electronic @entity1 database. All @entity1 had had preoperative chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: During 2013-2014, five @entity1 , including three with advanced primary @entity5 and two with recurrent @entity5 , underwent excision using this approach. All @entity1 had an R0 resection. Four @entity1 had a minor @entity260 (Clavien-Dindo Grades I and II) and one had a major complication (Clavien-Dindo Grade IIIb). There was no mortality at 90  days, and four @entity1 were disease free at a median of 18  months. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with locally advanced and recurrent @entity5 involving the upper sacrum may be rendered suitable for potentially curative radical resection with a modified approach to sacral resection. This pilot series suggests that this novel technique results in a high rate of complete pathological resection with acceptable morbidity in @entity1 for whom the alternatives would have been an incomplete resection, a total sacrectomy or nonoperative management.

title: High subcortical sacrectomy: a novel approach to facilitate complete resection of locally advanced and recurrent XXXX with high (S1-S2) sacral extension.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Both early (i.e., pre- and perinatal periods) and late (i.e., adolescent period) neurodevelopmental processes are thought to participate in the etiology and pathophysiology of @entity161 . However, whether markers of these processes would be expected to predict an imminent onset of @entity716 , as is hoped in the current generation of prodromal research programs, depends on whether their disruptions result from genetic factors shared by @entity1 and some of their unaffected relatives, nongenetic factors specific to those who manifest the @entity221 phenotype, or combinations of these sets of influences. Here we present recent work deriving primarily from high-risk and family-study (i.e., "genetic high-risk") designs, which provide a framework for investigating the neural changes that may occur proximally to the initial onset of @entity716 . This work indicates that some of the alterations in brain function and structure in @entity161 are primarily genetically mediated and also appear in some of @entity1 ' unaffected first degree relatives, while other alterations are present in individuals who manifest the @entity221 phenotype but not in relatives at genetic risk (Cannon et al. 2002a, 2002c; Van Erp et al. 2002). Whereas the primarily genetically mediated deficits shared by at-risk but nonsymptomatic relatives are not likely to show differential change in the premorbid period and may be necessary but clearly not sufficient for the development of @entity716 , the deficits specific to @entity1 who manifest the @entity221 phenotype are good candidates for marking the neurobiological processes associated with the emergence of @entity716 at the time of @entity161 onset. Preliminary results from longitudinal studies of individuals ascertained initially in a prodromal (i.e., "clinical high-risk") state appear to be interpretable within this framework. A number of questions arising from this line of inquiry need to be addressed in the current generation of prodromal research programs: To what extent do the neural systems affected by early and late neurodevelopmental influences overlap? Is there likely to be a @entity161 -related disturbance in the processes associated with adolescent brain maturation, or are these maturational processes themselves intact, participating in @entity716 onset only indirectly, by promoting a neurobiological context in which the early @entity245 can be expressed in @entity716 ? What pattern of changes observable from in vivo imaging studies is consistent with a reduction in neuropil volume? We develop a framework for addressing these questions and evaluating their implications for understanding the roles of early and late neurodevelopmental influences in the etiology and pathophysiology of @entity161 .

title: Early and late neurodevelopmental influences in the prodrome to XXXX : contributions of genes, environment, and their interactions.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disturbances']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Several, although not all, studies suggest that prolonged duration of @entity221 (DUI) predicts poor outcome in @entity914 such as @entity161 . It is unclear whether this association can be explained by factors such as @entity51 or poor premorbid adjustment. First @entity716 @entity1 were evaluated at 1 and 2 years following baseline evaluations. Predictive measures showing significant correlations with outcome were entered in multiple regression analyses with Strauss-Carpenter scale (SC) and Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF) outcome scores as dependent variables. Illness duration computed from the onset of the prodrome (DUI-pro), used both as a dichotomous and as a continuous measure, highly significantly predicted both GAF and SC scores at 2 years. On the other hand, baseline functioning significantly predicted the 1-year but not the 2-year outcome. When Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) scores were additionally entered into the analyses in a smaller subset, the relation between DUI-pro and the 2-year outcome scores remained significant. Significant associations were also seen between outcome and baseline neuropsychological @entity2414 . Further research is needed to examine whether prolonged @entity221 is simply associated with poor outcome or plays a causal role in relation to outcome. The latter, if true, would strongly support therapeutic intervention efforts in the prodromal and early @entity716 phases of @entity161 .

title: Prolonged XXXX duration from prodromal onset predicts outcome in first @entity914 .

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['baseline deficits']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['episode psychotic', 'psychotic']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['deficits involving attention and memory']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['untreated illness']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['untreated illness']


abstract: Several, although not all, studies suggest that prolonged duration of @entity221 (DUI) predicts poor outcome in @entity914 such as @entity161 . It is unclear whether this association can be explained by factors such as @entity51 or poor premorbid adjustment. First @entity716 @entity1 were evaluated at 1 and 2 years following baseline evaluations. Predictive measures showing significant correlations with outcome were entered in multiple regression analyses with Strauss-Carpenter scale (SC) and Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF) outcome scores as dependent variables. Illness duration computed from the onset of the prodrome (DUI-pro), used both as a dichotomous and as a continuous measure, highly significantly predicted both GAF and SC scores at 2 years. On the other hand, baseline functioning significantly predicted the 1-year but not the 2-year outcome. When Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) scores were additionally entered into the analyses in a smaller subset, the relation between DUI-pro and the 2-year outcome scores remained significant. Significant associations were also seen between outcome and baseline neuropsychological @entity2414 . Further research is needed to examine whether prolonged @entity221 is simply associated with poor outcome or plays a causal role in relation to outcome. The latter, if true, would strongly support therapeutic intervention efforts in the prodromal and early @entity716 phases of @entity161 .

title: Prolonged @entity221 duration from prodromal onset predicts outcome in first XXXX .

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['episode psychoses']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the results of surgery for @entity1739 ( @entity1739 ) in @entity2418 . DESIGN: Prospective data collection, with randomized, blind assessment of speech and velopharyngeal function on lateral videofluoroscopy and nasendoscopy. SETTING: Two-site, tertiary referral cleft unit. @entity1 : Forty-two consecutive @entity1 with the 22q11 deletion underwent surgery for symptomatic @entity1739 by a single surgeon. INTERVENTIONS: Intraoral examinations, lateral videofluoroscopy (+/- nasendoscopy) and intraoperative evaluation of the position of the velar muscles through the operating microscope. Based on these findings, either a radical dissection and retropositioning of the velar muscles ( @entity2419 [ @entity53720 repair]) or a Hynes pharyngoplasty (posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation pharyngoplasty) was performed. As anticipated, a proportion of @entity1 undergoing @entity53720 repair subsequently required a Hynes. The aim of this staged approach was to maximize velar function, thereby enabling a less obstructive pharyngoplasty to be performed. Thus, there were three surgical groups for analysis: @entity53720 alone, Hynes alone, and @entity53720 +Hynes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blind perceptual rating of resonance and nasal airflow; blind assessment of velopharyngeal function on lateral videofluoroscopy and nasendoscopy; and identification of predictive factors. RESULTS: Significant improvement in @entity2422 in all three groups. The @entity53720 +Hynes group also showed significant improvement in nasal emission. There were significant improvements in the extended and resting velar lengths following @entity53720 repair and a trend toward increased velocity of closure. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on velopharyngeal anatomy and function, there is a role for @entity53720 repair, Hynes pharyngoplasty, and a staged combination of @entity53720 +Hynes, all of which are procedures with a low morbidity.

title: Surgical management of @entity1739 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2422 :: ('MESH:C537724', 'Disease') :: ['hypernasality']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['VPI', 'velopharyngeal incompetence']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['submucous cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['velocardiofacial syndrome']

answer: @entity2418 :: (MESH:D004062,Disease) :: ['velocardiofacial syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the results of surgery for @entity1739 ( @entity1739 ) in @entity2418 . DESIGN: Prospective data collection, with randomized, blind assessment of speech and velopharyngeal function on lateral videofluoroscopy and nasendoscopy. SETTING: Two-site, tertiary referral cleft unit. @entity1 : Forty-two consecutive @entity1 with the 22q11 deletion underwent surgery for symptomatic @entity1739 by a single surgeon. INTERVENTIONS: Intraoral examinations, lateral videofluoroscopy (+/- nasendoscopy) and intraoperative evaluation of the position of the velar muscles through the operating microscope. Based on these findings, either a radical dissection and retropositioning of the velar muscles ( @entity2419 [ @entity53720 repair]) or a Hynes pharyngoplasty (posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation pharyngoplasty) was performed. As anticipated, a proportion of @entity1 undergoing @entity53720 repair subsequently required a Hynes. The aim of this staged approach was to maximize velar function, thereby enabling a less obstructive pharyngoplasty to be performed. Thus, there were three surgical groups for analysis: @entity53720 alone, Hynes alone, and @entity53720 +Hynes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blind perceptual rating of resonance and nasal airflow; blind assessment of velopharyngeal function on lateral videofluoroscopy and nasendoscopy; and identification of predictive factors. RESULTS: Significant improvement in @entity2422 in all three groups. The @entity53720 +Hynes group also showed significant improvement in nasal emission. There were significant improvements in the extended and resting velar lengths following @entity53720 repair and a trend toward increased velocity of closure. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on velopharyngeal anatomy and function, there is a role for @entity53720 repair, Hynes pharyngoplasty, and a staged combination of @entity53720 +Hynes, all of which are procedures with a low morbidity.

title: Surgical management of XXXX in @entity2418 .

answer: @entity1739 :: (MESH:D014681,Disease) :: ['velopharyngeal incompetence']