abstract: UNASSIGNED: Trait impulsivity has been linked to addiction in @entity1 . It has been suggested that drug users with high trait impulsivity levels are more sensitive to subjective drug intoxication. This study assessed whether subjective response to drugs differs between drug users with normal or high levels of trait impulsivity. Regular drug users (N = 122) received doses of @entity2072 , @entity835 , and placebo in a three-way crossover study. Their mood, dissociative state, and psychedelic symptoms were measured with subjective rating scales (CADDS, Bowdle, POMS). Trait impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. @entity835 increased dissociation and psychedelic state, as well as fatigue, @entity911 , @entity308 and @entity148 , and decreased arousal, positive mood, vigor, friendliness, and elation. @entity2072 increased dissociation, psychedelic state, vigor, friendliness, elation, positive mood, @entity148 and arousal, while decreasing fatigue. Only a few subjective items revealed a drug * trait impulsivity interaction, suggesting that psychedelic symptoms were most intense in high impulsivity subjects. Trait @entity23 ratings were negatively correlated with ratings of vigor (r = -.197) and positively correlated with ratings of loss of thought control (r = .237) during @entity8769 . It is concluded that a broad association between trait impulsivity and psychedelic subjective drug experience appears to be absent.

title: Psychedelic symptoms of @entity835 and XXXX use as a function of trait impulsivity.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis', 'Cannabis']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsiveness']

entities_list: @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['Cocaine', 'cocaine HCl']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis intoxication']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Trait impulsivity has been linked to addiction in @entity1 . It has been suggested that drug users with high trait impulsivity levels are more sensitive to subjective drug intoxication. This study assessed whether subjective response to drugs differs between drug users with normal or high levels of trait impulsivity. Regular drug users (N = 122) received doses of @entity2072 , @entity835 , and placebo in a three-way crossover study. Their mood, dissociative state, and psychedelic symptoms were measured with subjective rating scales (CADDS, Bowdle, POMS). Trait impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. @entity835 increased dissociation and psychedelic state, as well as fatigue, @entity911 , @entity308 and @entity148 , and decreased arousal, positive mood, vigor, friendliness, and elation. @entity2072 increased dissociation, psychedelic state, vigor, friendliness, elation, positive mood, @entity148 and arousal, while decreasing fatigue. Only a few subjective items revealed a drug * trait impulsivity interaction, suggesting that psychedelic symptoms were most intense in high impulsivity subjects. Trait @entity23 ratings were negatively correlated with ratings of vigor (r = -.197) and positively correlated with ratings of loss of thought control (r = .237) during @entity8769 . It is concluded that a broad association between trait impulsivity and psychedelic subjective drug experience appears to be absent.

title: Psychedelic symptoms of XXXX and @entity2072 use as a function of trait impulsivity.

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['cannabis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with virally mediated @entity135 (VMHNC) often present with advanced nodal disease that is highly radioresponsive as demonstrated by @entity5 and nodal regression during treatment. The resultant changes may impact on the planned dose distribution and so adversely affect the therapeutic ratio. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric effect of treatment-induced anatomical changes in VMHNC @entity1 who had undergone a replan. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with virally mediated oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal @entity5 who presented for definitive radiotherapy between 2005 and 2010 and who had a replan generated were investigated. The dosimetric effect of anatomical changes was quantified by comparing dose-volume histograms (DVH) of primary and nodal gross target volumes and organs at risk (OAR), including spinal cord and parotid glands, from the original plan and a comparison plan. RESULTS: Eleven three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and two intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans were evaluated. Dose to the spinal cord and brainstem increased by 4.1% and 2.6%, respectively. Mean dose to the parotid glands also increased by 3.5%. In contrast, the dose received by 98% of the primary and nodal gross @entity5 volumes decreased by 0.15% and 0.3%, respectively, when comparing the initial treatment plan to the comparison plan. CONCLUSION: In this study, treatment-induced anatomical changes had the greatest impact on OAR dose with negligible effect on the dose to nodal gross @entity5 volumes. In the era of IMRT, accounting for treatment-induced anatomical changes is important as focus is placed on minimizing the acute and long-term side effects of treatment.

title: Evaluating the dosimetric effect of treatment-induced changes in virally mediated XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with virally mediated @entity135 (VMHNC) often present with advanced nodal disease that is highly radioresponsive as demonstrated by @entity5 and nodal regression during treatment. The resultant changes may impact on the planned dose distribution and so adversely affect the therapeutic ratio. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric effect of treatment-induced anatomical changes in VMHNC @entity1 who had undergone a replan. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with virally mediated oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal @entity5 who presented for definitive radiotherapy between 2005 and 2010 and who had a replan generated were investigated. The dosimetric effect of anatomical changes was quantified by comparing dose-volume histograms (DVH) of primary and nodal gross target volumes and organs at risk (OAR), including spinal cord and parotid glands, from the original plan and a comparison plan. RESULTS: Eleven three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and two intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans were evaluated. Dose to the spinal cord and brainstem increased by 4.1% and 2.6%, respectively. Mean dose to the parotid glands also increased by 3.5%. In contrast, the dose received by 98% of the primary and nodal gross @entity5 volumes decreased by 0.15% and 0.3%, respectively, when comparing the initial treatment plan to the comparison plan. CONCLUSION: In this study, treatment-induced anatomical changes had the greatest impact on OAR dose with negligible effect on the dose to nodal gross @entity5 volumes. In the era of IMRT, accounting for treatment-induced anatomical changes is important as focus is placed on minimizing the acute and long-term side effects of treatment.

title: Evaluating the dosimetric effect of treatment-induced changes in virally mediated @entity135 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ultrasound is the most common imaging tool used to scan the @entity5 of @entity96 @entity1 . However, very few studies have been performed to evaluate ultrasound imaging features for predicting @entity5 prognosis. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to evaluate preoperative ultrasound characteristics as prognostic factors that could affect survival rate after liver resection for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 104 @entity157 @entity1 who underwent resection were retrospectively reviewed with regard to their clinical data, preoperative ultrasound characteristics, and survival rate. Preoperative ultrasound parameters included @entity82 , @entity5 site, size, echo pattern, portal vein @entity715 , @entity5 blood flow signal, peak systolic velocity (V max), and resistance index (RI). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival. Pre-resection prognostic factors were assessed using univariate log-rank test and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The median survival was 37  months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 78.85, 53.85, and 26.92  %, respectively, and the overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5  years were 85.58, 69.23, and 46.15  %, respectively. On univariate analysis, shorter survival was associated with mixed echo pattern, larger @entity5 size, portal vein @entity715 , affluent flow signal, and higher V max. Application of the Cox multivariate proportional hazards model indicated that @entity5 size and blood flow signal in the @entity5 were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival for @entity157 @entity1 undergoing hepatic resection can be stratified on a sonographic basis of @entity5 size and intra-nodular vasculature. These prognostic factors may be useful to determine appropriate treatment for @entity157 @entity1 .

title: Preoperative ultrasound features as prognostic factors for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intra-tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ultrasound is the most common imaging tool used to scan the @entity5 of @entity96 @entity1 . However, very few studies have been performed to evaluate ultrasound imaging features for predicting @entity5 prognosis. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to evaluate preoperative ultrasound characteristics as prognostic factors that could affect survival rate after liver resection for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 104 @entity157 @entity1 who underwent resection were retrospectively reviewed with regard to their clinical data, preoperative ultrasound characteristics, and survival rate. Preoperative ultrasound parameters included @entity82 , @entity5 site, size, echo pattern, portal vein @entity715 , @entity5 blood flow signal, peak systolic velocity (V max), and resistance index (RI). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival. Pre-resection prognostic factors were assessed using univariate log-rank test and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The median survival was 37  months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 78.85, 53.85, and 26.92  %, respectively, and the overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5  years were 85.58, 69.23, and 46.15  %, respectively. On univariate analysis, shorter survival was associated with mixed echo pattern, larger @entity5 size, portal vein @entity715 , affluent flow signal, and higher V max. Application of the Cox multivariate proportional hazards model indicated that @entity5 size and blood flow signal in the @entity5 were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival for @entity157 @entity1 undergoing hepatic resection can be stratified on a sonographic basis of @entity5 size and intra-nodular vasculature. These prognostic factors may be useful to determine appropriate treatment for @entity157 @entity1 .

title: Preoperative ultrasound features as prognostic factors for XXXX with @entity157 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the utility of in vitro drug sensitivity testing in @entity1 with peritoneal surface @entity5 undergoing @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). METHODS: We found data for 27 @entity1 who underwent @entity1104 plus HIPEC from September 2009 to May 2012 and whose @entity5 were submitted for in vitro drug sensitivity (ChemoFx(  )). Intraperitoneal chemotherapy agents included @entity1138 , @entity900  +  @entity632 , or @entity900 alone. RESULTS: There were 12 (44.4  %) appendiceal @entity420 , 5 (18.5  %) @entity694 , 4 (14.8  %) @entity242 , 3 (11.1  %) @entity43 , 2 (7.4  %) @entity2615 , and one (3.7  %) @entity356 . In all, 15 @entity1 (55.5  %) underwent complete cytoreduction (CC   <=  1). Seventeen @entity5 (63  %) displayed in vitro sensitivity to the agents used. Mean overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survivals for the entire group were 34.4      4.5  months (median 41  months) and 12.5      2.1  months (median 8  months), respectively. There were no significant differences in OS and PFS for @entity1 whose @entity5 displayed in vitro drug sensitivity versus those whose @entity5 did not (p  =  0.101 and p  =  0.403, respectively). These results also did not differ when evaluating only the @entity1 who underwent complete cytoreduction. In vitro, the drug sensitivity did not correlate with @entity5 pathology or preoperative systemic chemotherapy administration. In vitro drug sensitivity correlated with the drug used at the time of HIPEC (p  =  0.003). None of the @entity5 tested showed in vitro sensitivity to @entity900 and/or @entity632 . Eight nonresponsive @entity5 , however, showed in vitro activity to other agents. CONCLUSIONS: Data indicate a high rate of in vitro resistance to the intraperitoneal chemotherapeutic agents used. In vitro drug sensitivity is not useful in @entity1 undergoing @entity1104 plus HIPEC.

title: Utility of Chemoresponse Assay in XXXX Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery Plus Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesotheliomas']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'cytoreductive surgery']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A case report is reviewed of a 22-year-old @entity1 who presented on July 22, 1980 with a 1-week history of bilaterally recurring complaints of @entity809 radiating up both arms followed by @entity5032 , @entity158 , and imperceptible and uncontrollable @entity400 of her hands. The @entity1 's symptoms usually began within minutes after she began typing, and slowly abated within 10-15 minutes after she was forced by discomfort to discontinue typing and hold her arms at her sides. The @entity1 also described, unilaterally, the same symptoms over the same period of time on awakening each morning. She had previously enjoyed excellent health, had been taking @entity7280 ( @entity6862 )--norgestrol and ethynyl estradiol--during the preceding 4 years without problems, and had gained 12 pounds during the preceding 6 months. Symptoms began exactly 7 days prior to the onset of her menses. Raynaud's phenomena were denied. X-rays of the cervical spine were normal, and specifically revealed no signs of @entity6148 or large lower cervical transverse processes. The @entity1 was given a single oral 80 mg dose of @entity1483 , and thereafter @entity918 50 mg, orally twice daily for 1 week. Symptoms were dramatically improved within 24 hours. When evaluated again on July 30, 1980, she was asymptomatic except for minimal complaints and physical findings of the @entity923 on the right. There were no complaints referrable to the @entity531 , but physical examination again documented findings of partial thoracic outlet @entity455 . Within 2 weeks the @entity1 was asymptomatic. When interviewed on August 29, 1980, the @entity1 was asymptomatic but gave the identical history of onset and recurrence of all her symptoms, to a lesser extent, exactly 1 week prior to the onset of her August menses. The @entity1 's symptoms totally disappeared by the 3rd day of her menses. In sum, both the @entity923 and the @entity531 quickly resolved when treatment with diuretics was extended the @entity1 for a short period of time premenstrually.

title: The pill and the thoracic outlet and bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['hand paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity6148 :: ('MESH:D002573', 'Disease') :: ['cervical ribs']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7280 :: ('MESH:D003276', 'Chemical') :: ['oral contraceptives']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, dental implants have emerged as a crucial modality and serve as an individual form of therapy for dental failure. However, disparities in host responses have led to @entity737 . The pathological mechanisms driving @entity737 remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the role of oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGE) in the progression of @entity737 and @entity177 , compared with @entity7278 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three @entity1 groups ( @entity737 , @entity7278 and control), each with 10 subjects (7M/3F) and average age ranging from 40-60 years were selected for analysis. Salivary oxidative stress and tissue AGE levels were analysed by probing for reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and Maillard reaction-related fluorescence, respectively. RESULTS: We observed significant increase (> 2-fold) in oxidative stress and AGE levels in @entity1 with @entity737 and @entity7278 compared to controls, with @entity7278 having the highest levels. In addition, we observed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.94) between oxidative stress and AGE levels in the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We propose that increased AGE levels and oxidative stress, although not the only pathway, are significant mediators in the pathogenesis of @entity737 . Altering them may potentially be used in combination with other modalities to manage @entity737 .

title: Role of Reactive XXXX Species and Advanced Glycation End Products in the Malfunctioning of Dental Implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implantitis and implant failure', 'peri-implantitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['dental implants failure']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: With 75% of @entity1 of reproductive age affected, @entity1109 are very common, ranging from emotional and cognitive to physical symptoms. @entity3010 and @entity14052 can lead to substantial functional interference and psychological distress comparable to that of @entity14256 . The assessment of this impact is required as a part of the diagnostic procedure in the @entity4987 . In the absence of a specific measure, the authors developed the PMS-Impact Questionnaire. A sample of 101 @entity1 reporting severe @entity3010 complaints was assessed with the twenty-two items in the questionnaire during their @entity3010 phase in an ongoing intervention study at the Philipps-University Marburg from August 2013 until January 2015. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution (labeled Psychological Impact and Functional Impact) with 18 items. A Cronbach's alpha of 0.90 for Psychological Impact and of 0.90 for Functional Impact indicated good reliability. Convergent construct validity was demonstrated by moderate to high correlations with the @entity158 Disability Index. Low correlations with the Big Five Inventory-10 indicated good divergent validity. The PMS-Impact Questionnaire was found to be a valid, reliable, and an economic measure to assess the impact of @entity1109 . In future research, cross validations and confirmatory factor analyses should be conducted.

title: How to measure the impact of XXXX ? Development and validation of the German PMS-Impact Questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity14052 :: ('MESH:D065446', 'Disease') :: ['Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder']

entities_list: @entity14256 :: ('MESH:D019263', 'Disease') :: ['dysthymic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['Premenstrual Syndrome', 'premenstrual']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['premenstrual symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has established that direct and indirect forms of aggression differ in their association with gender and type of @entity458 . One purpose of the present study was to test if the same applies to direct and indirect victimization. A second purpose was to study these associations not only cross-sectionally (as in most previous research) but also longitudinally. A third purpose was to test the hypotheses that there are prospective bidirectional associations not only between victimization and @entity458 (which has been shown in previous research), but also between aggression and @entity458 , and that direct and indirect forms of aggression and victimization show different associations with different types of @entity458 . METHODS: The @entity1 were a community sample of all students in two grades of regular school in a Swedish municipality who answered questionnaires as part of a two-wave longitudinal study with a one-year interval. The @entity1 were 13-15 years old, and there were longitudinal data on 893 students, which represented 85% of all students. The cross-sectional associations were primarily tested by semi-partial correlations, and the longitudinal associations by hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: The results corroborated the meaningfulness of differentiating not only between direct and indirect aggression but also between direct and indirect victimization. @entity1 reported being more victim to direct aggression, whereas @entity1 reported being more victim to indirect aggression. Direct aggression predicted @entity713 in @entity1 , whereas indirect aggression predicted @entity713 in @entity1 , and conduct problems reciprocally predicted increased direct and indirect aggression. Indirect victimization showed prospective bidirectional associations with emotional symptoms and conduct problems, suggesting the potential development of vicious cycles of escalating problems in these areas. CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicate that direct and indirect aggression, as well as direct and indirect victimization, may have different roles in the development of @entity458 in young adolescents. Further, the demonstration of prospective bidirectional associations points to a possible mechanism for the development of @entity458 , that may be described in terms of dynamical systems theory. This has potential relevance both for the prevention and the treatment of psychopathology.

title: Direct and indirect aggression and victimization in adolescents - associations with the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Boys', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['increased conduct problems']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological difficulties']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological difficulties']


abstract: @entity8966 (Vp) is one of the emergent food-borne pathogens that are commensally associated with various shellfish species throughout the world. It is strictly environmental and many strains are pathogenic to @entity1 . The virulent strains cause distinct diseases, including wound @entity281 , @entity295 , and most commonly, @entity697 , which is acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, especially shellfish. Vp has two type three secretion systems (T3SSs), which triggering its @entity137 and enterotoxicity via their effectors. To better understand the pathogenesis of Vp, we established a cell infection model in vitro using a non-phagocytic cell line. Caco-2 cells were infected with different strains of Vp (pandemic and non-pandemic strains) and several parameters of @entity137 were measured together with adhesion and invasion indices, which reflect the pathogen's virulence. Our results show that Vp adheres to cell monolayers and can invade non-phagocytic cells. It also survives and persists in non-phagocytic cells by modulating reactive @entity26 species (ROS), allowing its replication, and resulting in complete cellular destruction. We conclude that the pathogenicity of Vp is based on its capacities for adhesion and invasion. Surprisingly's; enhanced of ROS resistance period could promote the survival of Vp inside the intestinal tract, facilitating tissue infection by repressing the host's oxidative stress response.

title: @entity8966 strengthens their virulence through modulation of cellular reactive XXXX species in vitro.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity8966 :: ('670', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity8966 (Vp) is one of the emergent food-borne pathogens that are commensally associated with various shellfish species throughout the world. It is strictly environmental and many strains are pathogenic to @entity1 . The virulent strains cause distinct diseases, including wound @entity281 , @entity295 , and most commonly, @entity697 , which is acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, especially shellfish. Vp has two type three secretion systems (T3SSs), which triggering its @entity137 and enterotoxicity via their effectors. To better understand the pathogenesis of Vp, we established a cell infection model in vitro using a non-phagocytic cell line. Caco-2 cells were infected with different strains of Vp (pandemic and non-pandemic strains) and several parameters of @entity137 were measured together with adhesion and invasion indices, which reflect the pathogen's virulence. Our results show that Vp adheres to cell monolayers and can invade non-phagocytic cells. It also survives and persists in non-phagocytic cells by modulating reactive @entity26 species (ROS), allowing its replication, and resulting in complete cellular destruction. We conclude that the pathogenicity of Vp is based on its capacities for adhesion and invasion. Surprisingly's; enhanced of ROS resistance period could promote the survival of Vp inside the intestinal tract, facilitating tissue infection by repressing the host's oxidative stress response.

title: XXXX strengthens their virulence through modulation of cellular reactive @entity26 species in vitro.

answer: @entity8966 :: (670,Species) :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27939 ( @entity27939 ) affects a proportion of @entity1 born to mothers with @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ). Symptoms usually resolve completely within the first few months of life, but persistent @entity121 have been reported in a few isolated cases. METHODS: Here we report 8 @entity1 from 4 families born to mothers with clinically manifest @entity1737 or mothers who were asymptomatic but had elevated @entity934 receptor (AChR) antibody levels. RESULTS: Clinical features in affected @entity1 ranged from a mild predominantly facial and bulbar @entity121 to @entity8482 . Additional clinical findings included @entity393 , @entity2203 , and mild CNS involvement. In all cases, antibodies against the AChR were markedly elevated, although not always specific for the fetal AChR y subunit. There was a correlation between maternal symptoms; the timing, intensity, and frequency of maternal treatment; and neonatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that persistent @entity121 following @entity27939 may be more common than currently recognized. Fetal AChR inactivation syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 presenting with unexplained @entity121 , in particular marked @entity4653 and @entity1739 . Correct diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion if the mother is asymptomatic but is crucial considering the high recurrence risk for future pregnancies and the potentially treatable nature of this condition. @entity1 with a history of @entity27939 should be followed up for @entity455 .

title: Fetal @entity934 receptor inactivation syndrome: XXXX due to maternal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

entities_list: @entity27939 :: ('MESH:D020941', 'Disease') :: ['TNMG', 'Transient neonatal myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['subtle myopathic signs and associated complications']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['arthrogryposis multiplex congenita']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['velopharyngeal incompetence']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity2203 :: ('MESH:D011707', 'Disease') :: ['pyloric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy', 'myopathic features']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['A myopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27939 ( @entity27939 ) affects a proportion of @entity1 born to mothers with @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ). Symptoms usually resolve completely within the first few months of life, but persistent @entity121 have been reported in a few isolated cases. METHODS: Here we report 8 @entity1 from 4 families born to mothers with clinically manifest @entity1737 or mothers who were asymptomatic but had elevated @entity934 receptor (AChR) antibody levels. RESULTS: Clinical features in affected @entity1 ranged from a mild predominantly facial and bulbar @entity121 to @entity8482 . Additional clinical findings included @entity393 , @entity2203 , and mild CNS involvement. In all cases, antibodies against the AChR were markedly elevated, although not always specific for the fetal AChR y subunit. There was a correlation between maternal symptoms; the timing, intensity, and frequency of maternal treatment; and neonatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that persistent @entity121 following @entity27939 may be more common than currently recognized. Fetal AChR inactivation syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 presenting with unexplained @entity121 , in particular marked @entity4653 and @entity1739 . Correct diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion if the mother is asymptomatic but is crucial considering the high recurrence risk for future pregnancies and the potentially treatable nature of this condition. @entity1 with a history of @entity27939 should be followed up for @entity455 .

title: Fetal XXXX receptor inactivation syndrome: @entity121 due to maternal antibodies.

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Orthopedic @entity130 @entity1 are routinely transfused for @entity417 even when asymptomatic at rest, despite there being relatively little scientific evidence as to what level of @entity417 can be safely tolerated. Some surgeons prefer a more liberal approach, transfusing to keep hemoglobin (Hgb) levels at 7.0 g/dL or higher; others prefer a more conservative approach, allowing Hgb levels to drop below 7.0 g/dL. We conducted a study to determine if a more conservative approach might put @entity1 at higher risk of complications of severe @entity417 . We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 104 @entity1 who were treated by a single surgeon at a level I academic @entity130 center and who were followed up for at least 1 year. @entity1 (ages 18-50 years) were divided into 2 groups by lowest Hgb level before first transfusion-under 7.0 g/dL and 7.0 g/dL or higher-and then by whether they had been transfused. Logistic regression analysis was performed. The primary outcome was @entity260 . There was no increased risk of complication related to @entity417 (P = .3). However, there was a significant risk of complication related to transfusion (P < .01). Furthermore, there was a dose-dependent effect with each unit transfused (P = .02). In young, healthy, asymptomatic @entity130 @entity1 , a more conservative transfusion strategy (vs a more liberal strategy) did not appear to carry higher risk.

title: XXXX Versus Transfusion: Does Blood Conservation Increase the Risk of Complications?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['orthopedic trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Vasoconstriction during @entity148 reduces fetal oxygenation and leads to @entity519 . @entity519 in turn results in increase of the number of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) in the cord blood. The present study aimed to assess the effect of decreasing maternal @entity148 on fetal oxygenation and NRBCs count in the cord blood. METHODS: . In this study, 150 @entity1 were randomly divided into two intervention groups [supportive care and acupressure in BL32 (bladder) acupoint] and a control group (hospital routine care). The @entity1 ' cord blood was investigated regarding the number of NRBCs and the intensity of @entity519 after birth. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (v. 16) and analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis. Findings : The significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the number of NRBCs counted in the peripheral blood smear (P<0.001). Besides, a significant relationship was observed between the length of the first and second stages of labor and the number of NRBCs in the cord blood (P=0.01). Also, a significant association was observed between the type of delivery and the number of NRBCs in the cord blood in both intervention (P<0.001) and control groups (P=0.03). CONCLUSION: Doula supportive care and acupressure at BL32 point reduced the length of labor stages as well as the @entity148 level. Also, nucleated red blood cells were less in the 2 groups of intervention than in control group. Regarding the fact that nucleated red blood cells cannot be the only factor for @entity519 predicting, for affirmation of this theory study with higher sample size and survey of mothers at high risk are needed.

title: The effects of decreasing maternal XXXX on fetal oxygenation and nucleated red blood cells count in the cord blood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Whether mortality in @entity6 is affected following intensive glycemic therapy has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether mortality differed between the original intensive and conventional treatment groups in the long-term follow-up of the @entity6 Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : After the DCCT (1983-1993) ended, @entity1 were followed up in a multisite (27 US and Canadian academic clinical centers) observational study (Epidemiology of @entity6 Control and Complications [EDIC]) until December 31, 2012. @entity1 were 1441 healthy volunteers with @entity6 who, at baseline, were 13 to 39 years of age with 1 to 15 years of @entity6 duration and no or early microvascular complications, and without @entity101 , preexisting @entity65 , or other potentially life-threatening disease. INTERVENTIONS AND EXPOSURES: During the clinical trial, @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive intensive therapy (n   =   711) aimed at achieving glycemia as close to the nondiabetic range as safely possible, or conventional therapy (n   =   730) with the goal of avoiding symptomatic @entity4053 and @entity4854 . At the end of the DCCT, after a mean of 6.5 years, intensive therapy was taught and recommended to all @entity1 and @entity6 care was returned to personal physicians. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Total and cause-specific mortality was assessed through annual contact with family and friends and through records over 27 years' mean follow-up. RESULTS: Vital status was ascertained for 1429 (99.2%) @entity1 . There were 107 @entity204 , 64 in the conventional and 43 in the intensive group. The absolute risk difference was -109 per 100,000 @entity1 -years (95% CI, -218 to -1), with lower all-cause mortality risk in the intensive therapy group (hazard ratio [HR]   =   0.67 [95% CI, 0.46-0.99]; P   =   .045). Primary causes of @entity204 were @entity65 (24 @entity204 ; 22.4%), @entity5 (21 @entity204 ; 19.6%), @entity2412 (19 @entity204 ; 17.8%), and accidents or suicide (18 @entity204 ; 16.8%). Higher levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were associated with all-cause mortality (HR   =   1.56 [95% CI, 1.35-1.81 per 10% relative increase in HbA1c]; P   <   .001), as well as the development of @entity633 (HR   =   2.20 [95% CI, 1.46-3.31]; P   <   .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: After a mean of 27 years' follow-up of @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 , 6.5 years of initial intensive @entity6 therapy was associated with a modestly lower all-cause mortality rate when compared with conventional therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers: NCT00360815 and NCT00360893.

title: Association between 7 years of intensive treatment of type 1 XXXX and long-term mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['acute diabetes complications']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The author reports eight cases of the @entity6694 , or @entity303 - @entity2055 - @entity2438 , in @entity1 . The cases satisfy the following criteria: Normal development in the first mos of life. Profound deterioration of the mental status over a period of several mos. @entity146 . Presence of neurological signs such as @entity2055 , @entity2045 and @entity427 . Normal head circumference at birth, but subsequent subnormal growth. EEG abnormalities. Slow progression of the disease after the period of rapid deterioration. The constellation of the signs and symptoms, and the occurrence only in @entity1 , make this clinical picture quite distinct. There is no definitely known biochemical or @entity2008 . The psychological profile, though homogeneous in all the @entity1 , is not pathognomonic, and a very similar behavioral pattern can be observed in other @entity75 .

title: XXXX : report of eight cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Behavioral pseudoautistic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['organic brain syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity6694 :: (MESH:D015518,Disease) :: ['Rett syndrome']


abstract: A sequential sampling study of fungal airspores was carried out with the Andersen sampler inside and outside the homes of eight @entity748 , mould-sensitive @entity1 . The aim of the study was to find a possible relationship between variations in airborne colony forming units (CFU) and the occurrence of @entity358 ( @entity358 ). Great variations in fungal prevalence occurred throughout the year, the lowest average daily concentration being 125, and the highest, 1425 CFU/m3/sample during the whole survey. Penicillium dominated the catch in seven of the eight environments. Other frequently sampled moulds were Cladosporium, @entity375 , Aspergillus, and Botrytis. Sixty-six percent of @entity358 were noted from July through November, during which time 56% of all fungal peaks occurred. A significant difference was found between peak flow (PF) values on days with the highest mould numbers compared with PF values on days with low counts. This relation was not found for PF and indoor mould counts. No particular fungal genus was responsible for @entity358 in general, but in a given @entity1 the occurrence of a special mould type may be related to obstructive reactions. It is concluded that a possible relationship exists between the prevalence of airborne fungi and @entity358 . Definite proof of a direct bronchial obstructive effect, however, might only be provided by means of inhalation-provocation studies with the sampled fungi.

title: Sequential sampling of fungal air spores inside and outside the homes of mould-sensitive, XXXX @entity1 : a search for a relationship to obstructive reactions.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['increased pulmonary complaints', 'IPC']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: A sequential sampling study of fungal airspores was carried out with the Andersen sampler inside and outside the homes of eight @entity748 , mould-sensitive @entity1 . The aim of the study was to find a possible relationship between variations in airborne colony forming units (CFU) and the occurrence of @entity358 ( @entity358 ). Great variations in fungal prevalence occurred throughout the year, the lowest average daily concentration being 125, and the highest, 1425 CFU/m3/sample during the whole survey. Penicillium dominated the catch in seven of the eight environments. Other frequently sampled moulds were Cladosporium, @entity375 , Aspergillus, and Botrytis. Sixty-six percent of @entity358 were noted from July through November, during which time 56% of all fungal peaks occurred. A significant difference was found between peak flow (PF) values on days with the highest mould numbers compared with PF values on days with low counts. This relation was not found for PF and indoor mould counts. No particular fungal genus was responsible for @entity358 in general, but in a given @entity1 the occurrence of a special mould type may be related to obstructive reactions. It is concluded that a possible relationship exists between the prevalence of airborne fungi and @entity358 . Definite proof of a direct bronchial obstructive effect, however, might only be provided by means of inhalation-provocation studies with the sampled fungi.

title: Sequential sampling of fungal air spores inside and outside the homes of mould-sensitive, @entity748 XXXX : a search for a relationship to obstructive reactions.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Right ventricular (RV) function is increasingly recognized to play an important role in the clinical status and long-term outcome in @entity1 with @entity299 as well as @entity296 with @entity1002 . However, quantification of RV characteristics and function are still challenging due to its complex morphology and its thin wall with coarse trabeculations. To assess RV functions quantitatively, establishing the @entity1 -specific model from medical images is a prerequisite task. This study aims to develop a novel method for RV model reconstruction. Magnetic resonance images were acquired and preprocessed. Contours of right ventricle, right atrium and pulmonary artery were manually delineated at all slices and all time frames. The contour coordinates as well as the medical image specifications such as image pixel resolution and slick thickness were exported. The contours were transformed to the correct positions. Reorientation and matching were executed in between neighboring contours; extrapolation and interpolation were conducted upon all contours. After preprocessing, the more dense point set was reconstructed through a variational tool. A Delaunay-based tetrahedral mesh was generated on the region of interest. The weighted minimal surface model was used to describe RV surface. The graphcuts technique, i.e., max-flow/min-cut algorithm, was applied to minimize the energy defined by the model. The reconstructed surface was extracted from the mesh according to the mincut. Smoothing and remeshing were performed. The CPU time to reconstruct the model for one frame was approximately 2 minutes. In 10 consecutive subjects referred for cardiac MRI (80% female), right ventricular volumes were measured using our method against the commercial available CMRtools package. The results demonstrated that there was a significant correlation in end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes between our method and commercial software (r= 0.89 for end-diastolic volume and r=0.79 for end-systolic volume, both P<;0.0001). The time to obtain right ventricular volumes was shorter using our method than commercial one. In conclusion, a new method for right ventricle reconstruction has been developed. We envisage that this automatic modeling tool could be used by radiographer and cardiologists to assess the RV function in diverse @entity299 .

title: Graph-cuts based reconstructing XXXX specific right ventricle: First @entity1 study.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Right ventricular (RV) function is increasingly recognized to play an important role in the clinical status and long-term outcome in @entity1 with @entity299 as well as @entity296 with @entity1002 . However, quantification of RV characteristics and function are still challenging due to its complex morphology and its thin wall with coarse trabeculations. To assess RV functions quantitatively, establishing the @entity1 -specific model from medical images is a prerequisite task. This study aims to develop a novel method for RV model reconstruction. Magnetic resonance images were acquired and preprocessed. Contours of right ventricle, right atrium and pulmonary artery were manually delineated at all slices and all time frames. The contour coordinates as well as the medical image specifications such as image pixel resolution and slick thickness were exported. The contours were transformed to the correct positions. Reorientation and matching were executed in between neighboring contours; extrapolation and interpolation were conducted upon all contours. After preprocessing, the more dense point set was reconstructed through a variational tool. A Delaunay-based tetrahedral mesh was generated on the region of interest. The weighted minimal surface model was used to describe RV surface. The graphcuts technique, i.e., max-flow/min-cut algorithm, was applied to minimize the energy defined by the model. The reconstructed surface was extracted from the mesh according to the mincut. Smoothing and remeshing were performed. The CPU time to reconstruct the model for one frame was approximately 2 minutes. In 10 consecutive subjects referred for cardiac MRI (80% female), right ventricular volumes were measured using our method against the commercial available CMRtools package. The results demonstrated that there was a significant correlation in end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes between our method and commercial software (r= 0.89 for end-diastolic volume and r=0.79 for end-systolic volume, both P<;0.0001). The time to obtain right ventricular volumes was shorter using our method than commercial one. In conclusion, a new method for right ventricle reconstruction has been developed. We envisage that this automatic modeling tool could be used by radiographer and cardiologists to assess the RV function in diverse @entity299 .

title: Graph-cuts based reconstructing @entity1 specific right ventricle: First XXXX study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effects of cervical posterior pedicle screw internal fixation and interbody fusion for the treatment of @entity174 . METHODS: From July 2008 to July 2013, 21 @entity1 with @entity174 were treated with vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation and interbody fusion through posterior approach. There were 14 males and 7 females, aged from 20 to 55 years old with an average of 32 years. Lifted and guided the atlanto-axial vertebral pedicle screw to @entity9807 . RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up from 6 to 24 months with an average of 12.5 months. Wounds got healed without complication of @entity281 . Clinical symptoms were relieved at 6 months after operation. According to ASIA score standard to assess at 6 months after operation, the items of motion, light touch and needle score had obviously improved, and respectively were 99.45   0.27, 111.09    0.47,111.11    0.58. VAS and @entity3040 scores also had obviously improved, and respectively were 1.04    0.38 and 12.56    2.24. Imaging examinations showed internal fixation locations were good, without atlanto-axial joint instability. CONCLUSION: Cervical posterior pedicle screw internal fixation and interbody fusion can effectively restore the stability of atlanto-axial joint, reduce complication and obtain satisfactory effects.

title: [Treatment of XXXX with cervical posterior pedicle screw internal fixation and interbody fusion].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['atlanto-axial vertebral instability fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['reduce atlanto-axial vertebral displacement']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['atlanto-axial vertebral instability fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture ( EA) on the related protein expression of the signaling pathway of the @entity21140 ( @entity21140 )/myeloid differentiation factor (MYD) 88 in ankle joint synovial tissue of @entity3811 ( @entity3811 ) @entity35 . METHODS: Fifty male SD @entity35 were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal group, @entity7126 group, @entity3811 model group, medication group and EA group, 10 @entity35 in each group. @entity7126 group established model by inducing @entity7126 , other groups established @entity3811 model by inducing @entity414 , except the normal group. Two days before model was established, normal and @entity7126 and @entity3811 model groups were lavaged with normal saline (20 mL/kg), medication group was lavaged with @entity3812 solution (1 mg/kg), EA (1. 5-2 Hz, D.-D. wave, 9 V, 1-3 mA) was applied to"Sanyinjiao" ( @entity38337 ),"Jiexi"(ST41) and "kunlun" (BL60) for 20 min, once daily, continuously for 9 days. Then the join sewlling index was observed periodically, the protein expression of @entity21140 and @entity35721 was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared to the normal group, the join sewlling of the @entity7126 group in test join increased significantly (P<0. 05) and the protein expression of @entity21140 and @entity35721 in synovial tissue has not statistically significant (P>0.05), the oin sewlling and protein expression of @entity21140 and @entity35721 in synovial tissue of model group increased significantly P<0. 05); The medication and EA group compared to the model group, the protein expression of @entity21140 and @entity35721 in synovial tissue decreased significantly (P <0. 05), the join sewlling in test join decreased significantly P<1. 05); There were not statistically significant between the EA group and the medication group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: EA can alleviate the symptoms of @entity3811 , which may be related to regulation of the protein expression Y TRI and @entity35721 in the TLR/ @entity35721 signaling pathway.

title: [The effects of electro-acupuncture on the signaling pathway of TLR/ @entity35721 in ankle joint synovial tissue of XXXX @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['AGA', 'acute gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['monosodium urate']

answer: @entity3811 :: (MESH:D015210,Disease) :: ['acute gouty arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture ( EA) on the related protein expression of the signaling pathway of the @entity21140 ( @entity21140 )/myeloid differentiation factor (MYD) 88 in ankle joint synovial tissue of @entity3811 ( @entity3811 ) @entity35 . METHODS: Fifty male SD @entity35 were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal group, @entity7126 group, @entity3811 model group, medication group and EA group, 10 @entity35 in each group. @entity7126 group established model by inducing @entity7126 , other groups established @entity3811 model by inducing @entity414 , except the normal group. Two days before model was established, normal and @entity7126 and @entity3811 model groups were lavaged with normal saline (20 mL/kg), medication group was lavaged with @entity3812 solution (1 mg/kg), EA (1. 5-2 Hz, D.-D. wave, 9 V, 1-3 mA) was applied to"Sanyinjiao" ( @entity38337 ),"Jiexi"(ST41) and "kunlun" (BL60) for 20 min, once daily, continuously for 9 days. Then the join sewlling index was observed periodically, the protein expression of @entity21140 and @entity35721 was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared to the normal group, the join sewlling of the @entity7126 group in test join increased significantly (P<0. 05) and the protein expression of @entity21140 and @entity35721 in synovial tissue has not statistically significant (P>0.05), the oin sewlling and protein expression of @entity21140 and @entity35721 in synovial tissue of model group increased significantly P<0. 05); The medication and EA group compared to the model group, the protein expression of @entity21140 and @entity35721 in synovial tissue decreased significantly (P <0. 05), the join sewlling in test join decreased significantly P<1. 05); There were not statistically significant between the EA group and the medication group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: EA can alleviate the symptoms of @entity3811 , which may be related to regulation of the protein expression Y TRI and @entity35721 in the TLR/ @entity35721 signaling pathway.

title: [The effects of electro-acupuncture on the signaling pathway of TLR/ XXXX in ankle joint synovial tissue of @entity3811 @entity35 ].

answer: @entity35721 :: (301059(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['MYD88']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture ( EA) on the related protein expression of the signaling pathway of the @entity21140 ( @entity21140 )/myeloid differentiation factor (MYD) 88 in ankle joint synovial tissue of @entity3811 ( @entity3811 ) @entity35 . METHODS: Fifty male SD @entity35 were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal group, @entity7126 group, @entity3811 model group, medication group and EA group, 10 @entity35 in each group. @entity7126 group established model by inducing @entity7126 , other groups established @entity3811 model by inducing @entity414 , except the normal group. Two days before model was established, normal and @entity7126 and @entity3811 model groups were lavaged with normal saline (20 mL/kg), medication group was lavaged with @entity3812 solution (1 mg/kg), EA (1. 5-2 Hz, D.-D. wave, 9 V, 1-3 mA) was applied to"Sanyinjiao" ( @entity38337 ),"Jiexi"(ST41) and "kunlun" (BL60) for 20 min, once daily, continuously for 9 days. Then the join sewlling index was observed periodically, the protein expression of @entity21140 and @entity35721 was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared to the normal group, the join sewlling of the @entity7126 group in test join increased significantly (P<0. 05) and the protein expression of @entity21140 and @entity35721 in synovial tissue has not statistically significant (P>0.05), the oin sewlling and protein expression of @entity21140 and @entity35721 in synovial tissue of model group increased significantly P<0. 05); The medication and EA group compared to the model group, the protein expression of @entity21140 and @entity35721 in synovial tissue decreased significantly (P <0. 05), the join sewlling in test join decreased significantly P<1. 05); There were not statistically significant between the EA group and the medication group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: EA can alleviate the symptoms of @entity3811 , which may be related to regulation of the protein expression Y TRI and @entity35721 in the TLR/ @entity35721 signaling pathway.

title: [The effects of electro-acupuncture on the signaling pathway of TLR/ @entity35721 in ankle joint synovial tissue of @entity3811 XXXX ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of blink reflex in early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of @entity4401 . METHODS: Blink reflex and @entity2103 were examined in 58 @entity1 with @entity4401 within one week after symptom onset. The @entity1 without response of R1 , R2 and R2 ' waves were classified as complete efferent retardarce (Group A, 30 cases), and those with response of R1 , R2 and R2 ' waves were classified as @entity154 (Group B, 28 cases). The clinical outcomes after three months of systemic therapy were evaluated using the House-Blackmann (H-B) scale. RESULTS: Efferent anomalies of blink reflex occurred in ail of the 58 @entity1 . Abnormal results of @entity2103 appeared in 23 (39. 7%) @entity1 . The three months therapy was effective in 93% @entity1 in Group B and 70% @entity1 in Group A (P<0. 05). CONCLUSION: Blink reflex can play a significant role in early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of @entity4401 .

title: [Early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of XXXX with blink reflex ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete efferent anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ['Bell palsy']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve conduction']

answer: @entity4401 :: (MESH:D020330,Disease) :: ['Bell palsy']


abstract: When intact @entity2772 chloroplasts were supplied with [32P]Pi, stromal protein phosphorylation was found to occur in the dark. On illumination the thylakoid protein kinase was activated and the amount of label found in thylakoid proteins quickly exceeded that incorporated into stromal protein, such that the latter was found to account for only 10-15% of the total radioactivity bound to chloroplast proteins after 5 min illumination. The rate of phosphorylation of stromal polypeptides was unchanged by light. After @entity214 / @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis, more than 15 labelled polypeptides of stromal origin were observed. A polypeptide with an Mr of approx. 70 000 had the highest specific activity of labelling. Both the large and small subunits of the @entity9578 carboxylase were phosphorylated. The level of phosphorylation of stromal protein was increased by @entity515 fixation in intact chloroplasts. This increase was not observed in the absence of @entity5993 or in the presence of the phosphoribulokinase inhibitor @entity71450 . These effects appeared to be largely due to changes in the phosphorylation state of the large and small subunits of @entity9578 carboxylase. Studies with the reconstituted chloroplast system showed that the thylakoid protein kinase(s) played no part in the phosphorylation of stromal protein. The rate and level of phosphorylation of stromal protein was unaffected by the activation state of the thylakoid protein kinase and was unchanged when thylakoids were omitted from the reaction medium. The phosphorylation of stromal proteins is therefore catalysed by a discrete soluble protein kinase.

title: Stromal protein phosphorylation in XXXX ( @entity2772 ) chloroplasts.

entities_list: @entity71450 :: ('CHEBI:5445', 'Chemical') :: ['DL-glyceraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity9578 :: ('MESH:C001933', 'Chemical') :: ['ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate']

answer: @entity2772 :: (3562,Species) :: ['spinach']


abstract: When intact @entity2772 chloroplasts were supplied with [32P]Pi, stromal protein phosphorylation was found to occur in the dark. On illumination the thylakoid protein kinase was activated and the amount of label found in thylakoid proteins quickly exceeded that incorporated into stromal protein, such that the latter was found to account for only 10-15% of the total radioactivity bound to chloroplast proteins after 5 min illumination. The rate of phosphorylation of stromal polypeptides was unchanged by light. After @entity214 / @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis, more than 15 labelled polypeptides of stromal origin were observed. A polypeptide with an Mr of approx. 70 000 had the highest specific activity of labelling. Both the large and small subunits of the @entity9578 carboxylase were phosphorylated. The level of phosphorylation of stromal protein was increased by @entity515 fixation in intact chloroplasts. This increase was not observed in the absence of @entity5993 or in the presence of the phosphoribulokinase inhibitor @entity71450 . These effects appeared to be largely due to changes in the phosphorylation state of the large and small subunits of @entity9578 carboxylase. Studies with the reconstituted chloroplast system showed that the thylakoid protein kinase(s) played no part in the phosphorylation of stromal protein. The rate and level of phosphorylation of stromal protein was unaffected by the activation state of the thylakoid protein kinase and was unchanged when thylakoids were omitted from the reaction medium. The phosphorylation of stromal proteins is therefore catalysed by a discrete soluble protein kinase.

title: Stromal protein phosphorylation in @entity2772 ( XXXX ) chloroplasts.

answer: @entity2772 :: (3562,Species) :: ['Spinacia oleracea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelets (PLTs) stored at 22  C accumulate microparticles and biologic response modifiers (BRMs) that induce inflammatory reactions in transfusion recipients. However, soluble BRMs are fully diluted in the recipient's blood circulation. The mechanisms by which BRMs exert their effects have not been elucidated. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of PLT microparticles (PMPs) on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-mediated @entity1 pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) damage and determine the role of soluble @entity2936 ligand (sCD40L). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PMPs were isolated from apheresis PLT concentrates. We used a two-insult in vitro model of @entity358 to investigate the effects of @entity25982 and sCD40L and role of @entity12824 , an inhibitor of PMN respiratory burst. Their priming activities were measured using @entity273 production. The expression of @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) and integrin aM ( @entity9536 ) were also determined. RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated @entity358 and PMN respiratory burst depend on the presence of @entity25982 and the concentration of sCD40L. @entity25982 -induced PMN-mediated @entity358 was significantly reduced by @entity12824 -treated PMNs (p   <   0.05). The surface expression of @entity2071 on HMVEC was increased by LPS stimulation. The expression of @entity9536 on PMNs was increased by @entity25982 priming. Blocking @entity2071 with a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) @entity2071 significantly reduced @entity358 (p   <   0.05). The treatment of endothelial cells but not PMN with a MoAb targeting @entity2936 failed to prevent the @entity358 caused by PMPs (p   >   0.05). CONCLUSION: PMPs carry a concentrated @entity11603 signal, promote PMN-mediated @entity358 , and may affect the development of transfusion-related @entity647 .

title: Platelet-derived microparticles induce polymorphonuclear leukocyte-mediated damage of XXXX pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['HMVEC damage']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'CD54', 'intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vaso-occlusive @entity158 , the hallmark of @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ), is a major contributor to morbidity, poor health-related quality of life, and health care utilization associated with this disease. There is wide variation in the burden, frequency, and severity of @entity158 experienced by @entity1 with @entity3458 . As compared with health care utilization for @entity158 , a daily @entity158 diary captures the breadth of the @entity158 experience and is a superior measure of @entity158 burden and its impact on @entity1 . @entity158 diaries based on real-time data capture methods overcome methodological barriers and limitations of paper @entity158 diaries, but their psychometric properties have not been formally established in @entity1 with @entity3458 . OBJECTIVES: To develop and establish the content validity of a web-based multidimensional @entity158 diary for adolescents and young adults with @entity3458 and conduct an end-user review to refine the prototype. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following identification of items, a conceptual model was developed. Interviews with adolescents and young adults with @entity3458 were conducted. Subsequently, end-user review with use of the electronic @entity158 was conducted. RESULTS: Two iterative cycles of in-depth cognitive interviews in adolescents and young adults with @entity3458 informed the design and guided the addition, removal, and modification of items in the multidimensional @entity158 diary. Potential end-users provided positive feedback on the design and prototype of the electronic diary. CONCLUSION: A multidimensional web-based electronic @entity158 diary for adolescents and young adults with @entity3458 has been developed and content validity and initial end-user reviews have been completed.

title: Development, Content Validity, and User Review of a Web-based Multidimensional Pain Diary for Adolescent and Young Adults With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain diary prototype', 'pain', 'Electronic pain']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['Sickle Cell Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the incidence, severity, quality, and treatment of @entity158 in a large cohort of @entity1614 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A web-based survey was distributed to all individuals on the @entity1614 Foundation listserv. Respondents who endorsed a diagnosis of @entity1614 were queried as to the presence, frequency, severity, location, and quality of their @entity158 and were asked to describe the specific treatments used to manage @entity158 . The primary outcome was the presence of @entity158 symptoms in respondents during the 7-day period preceding completion of the survey. RESULTS: Of the 993 @entity1 with a verified diagnosis of @entity1614 , 67% (95% confidence interval, 64%-69%) reported @entity158 in the preceding 7 days. Median (interquartile range) "average @entity158 " was 4 (3 to 5) on the numeric rating scale; "worst @entity158 " was 7 (5 to 8). "Worst @entity158 experienced" was >= 4 in 93% of respondents. Analgesic use to control @entity158 related to @entity1614 was reported in 56% of respondents with 55% reporting <50% @entity158 relief with this modality. Few @entity1 underwent interventional procedures for @entity158 control, despite intractable back and joint @entity158 being common. A majority (52%) of respondents rated " @entity1118 care" from their physicians as either "poor" or "fair." DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that @entity158 symptoms in @entity1614 @entity1 are underestimated and likely undertreated. We propose a need for improved @entity1 and medical provider awareness of @entity158 management options in this population, including the development of effective algorithms to treat @entity158 in @entity1614 @entity1 .

title: The Incidence and Severity of Physical Pain Symptoms in Marfan Syndrome: A Survey of 993 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan', 'Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'daily pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The practice of administering intravenous contrast to @entity1 varies by institution depending on their routine. OBJECTIVES: To assess the necessity of routine contrast administration in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pediatric outpatients referred for @entity2794 workups. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive pediatric brain MRI examinations performed during January and February 2014 in 30 pediatric outpatients referred for evaluation of @entity2794 . Independent review was performed by two board-certified neuroradiologists. The raters reviewed each MRI first as a non-contrast examination (without seeing the post-contrast images) and then with post-contrast images. RESULTS: No abnormalities were found in six @entity1 . One @entity1 had an indeterminate finding of a @entity76 requiring follow-up. In the remaining @entity1 (n = 23), the findings were subclinical and included: mucosal thickening in the paranasal sinuses in 9 @entity1 , cystic changes of the pineal gland in 8 (size 2-9 mm), small @entity600 in 6, non-specific FLAIR hyperintensities in 4, opacification of the mastoids in 2, and @entity8721 in 1 @entity1 . The subclinical cases that were missed on pre-contrast images were: one small @entity600 , one @entity8721 and one small pineal cyst, none of which hold clinical significance. All kappa inter-rater and intra-rater agreement scores resulted in values above 0.75, excellent agreement according to Fleiss guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: There seems to be little reason to medically justify large-scale use of routine IV contrast administration to evaluate a brain MRI of pediatric @entity1 referred for @entity2794 .

title: Should Intravenous Contrast be Administered in MRI Evaluation of Pediatric Outpatients with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['developmental venous anomalies', 'developmental venous anomaly']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['tubular cerebellar lesion']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headache']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['Chronic Headache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adding @entity251 to hormonal therapy could improve sexual function and general well-being among @entity1 during climacteric. We evaluated the effectiveness of @entity10551 on sexual function in postmenopausal @entity1 utilizing the standardized questionnaire @entity458 score. METHODS: Postmenopausal @entity1 with sexual complaints and @entity458 ( @entity458 )  <= 26.5 were enrolled in to this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. @entity1 were randomly assigned to 8-week treatment with either oral @entity10551 40 mg or placebo twice weekly with daily oral @entity172 . The @entity458 scores before and after treatment were compared to assess any improvement of sexual function. RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 were recruited of which each group had 35 @entity1 . The baseline characteristics and baseline @entity458 scores were comparable between both groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, the @entity458 scores significantly improved in both groups when compared to the baseline but the @entity458 scores from the @entity251 group were significantly higher than in the placebo group post-treatment (28.6    3.6, 25.3    6.7, respectively, p = 0.04). There was no difference in adverse effect between the two groups CONCLUSIONS: The twice weekly addition of @entity10551 to daily oral @entity172 was associated with a significant improvement in sexual function among postmenopausal @entity1 than the use of the @entity172 alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01724658 (February 17, 2012).

title: Effectiveness of a low dose XXXX to improve sexual function in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['FSFI', 'Female Sexual Function Index']

entities_list: @entity10551 :: ('MESH:C010792', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone undecanoate']

answer: @entity10551 :: (MESH:C010792,Chemical) :: ['testosterone undecanoate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adding @entity251 to hormonal therapy could improve sexual function and general well-being among @entity1 during climacteric. We evaluated the effectiveness of @entity10551 on sexual function in postmenopausal @entity1 utilizing the standardized questionnaire @entity458 score. METHODS: Postmenopausal @entity1 with sexual complaints and @entity458 ( @entity458 )  <= 26.5 were enrolled in to this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. @entity1 were randomly assigned to 8-week treatment with either oral @entity10551 40 mg or placebo twice weekly with daily oral @entity172 . The @entity458 scores before and after treatment were compared to assess any improvement of sexual function. RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 were recruited of which each group had 35 @entity1 . The baseline characteristics and baseline @entity458 scores were comparable between both groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, the @entity458 scores significantly improved in both groups when compared to the baseline but the @entity458 scores from the @entity251 group were significantly higher than in the placebo group post-treatment (28.6    3.6, 25.3    6.7, respectively, p = 0.04). There was no difference in adverse effect between the two groups CONCLUSIONS: The twice weekly addition of @entity10551 to daily oral @entity172 was associated with a significant improvement in sexual function among postmenopausal @entity1 than the use of the @entity172 alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01724658 (February 17, 2012).

title: Effectiveness of a low dose @entity10551 to improve sexual function in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A consecutive series of 44 @entity1 with proven @entity2926 was studied to document the @entity358 , assess their prevalence, correlate them with the clinical signs and symptoms and determine their prognostic significance. Abnormalities were found in ten @entity1 (23%), this prevalence being less than previously noted. The abnormalities shown were non-segmental opacification (consolidation-eight cases), basal linear opacities (collapse-five cases) and @entity1143 (four cases). The first radiographic demonstration of a large @entity1143 in @entity2926 is recorded. @entity1087 @entity1 had a higher prevalence (43%) of these @entity1087 (13%). No other correlation with clinical signs or symptoms was found. The presence of these abnormalities had no prognostic significance. It is concluded that the presence of @entity358 in in- @entity1 with @entity2926 is common. These abnormalities are non-specific and can mimic other diseases leading to diagnostic difficulty. @entity854 may be extensive in the absence of clinical signs and symptoms.

title: The chest radiograph in XXXX in Jamaica.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['Non-jaundiced', 'abnormalities than jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['leptospirosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Such abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic pulmonary abnormalities', 'radiographic pulmonary abnormality']

answer: @entity2926 :: (MESH:D007922,Disease) :: ['leptospirosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Apelin has been proved to be protective against apoptosis induced by ischemic reperfusion. However, mechanisms whereby apelin produces neuroprotection remain to be elucidated. @entity8582 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master energy sensor that monitors levels of key energy metabolites. It is activated via AMPKaThr172 phosphorylation during @entity2806 and appears to be neuroprotective. In this study, we investigated the effect of apelin on AMPKa and tested whether apelin protecting against apoptosis was associated with AMPK signals. Focal transient @entity2806 /reperfusion (I/R) model in male ICR @entity19 was induced by 60min of @entity63 followed by reperfusion. Apelin-13 was injected intracerebroventricularly 15min before reperfusion. AMPK inhibitor, compound C, was injected to @entity19 intraperitoneally at the onset of @entity63 . In experiment 1, the effect of apelin-13 on AMPKa was measured. In experiment 2, the relevance of AMPKa and apelin-13' effect on apoptosis was measured. Data showed that apelin-13 significantly increased AMPKa phosphorylation level after cerebral I/R. Apelin-13, with the co-administration of saline, reduced apoptosis cells, down-regulated @entity1380 and cleaved-caspase3 and up-regulated @entity1379 . However, with the co-administration of compound C, apelin-13 was inefficient in affecting apoptosis and @entity1380 , @entity1379 and cleaved-caspase3. The study provided the evidence that apelin-13 up-regulated AMPKa phosphorylation level in @entity2806 insults and AMPK signals participated in the mechanism of apelin-mediated neuroprotection.

title: Apelin-13 protects against apoptosis by activating @entity8582 -activated protein kinase pathway in XXXX stroke.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Apelin has been proved to be protective against apoptosis induced by ischemic reperfusion. However, mechanisms whereby apelin produces neuroprotection remain to be elucidated. @entity8582 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master energy sensor that monitors levels of key energy metabolites. It is activated via AMPKaThr172 phosphorylation during @entity2806 and appears to be neuroprotective. In this study, we investigated the effect of apelin on AMPKa and tested whether apelin protecting against apoptosis was associated with AMPK signals. Focal transient @entity2806 /reperfusion (I/R) model in male ICR @entity19 was induced by 60min of @entity63 followed by reperfusion. Apelin-13 was injected intracerebroventricularly 15min before reperfusion. AMPK inhibitor, compound C, was injected to @entity19 intraperitoneally at the onset of @entity63 . In experiment 1, the effect of apelin-13 on AMPKa was measured. In experiment 2, the relevance of AMPKa and apelin-13' effect on apoptosis was measured. Data showed that apelin-13 significantly increased AMPKa phosphorylation level after cerebral I/R. Apelin-13, with the co-administration of saline, reduced apoptosis cells, down-regulated @entity1380 and cleaved-caspase3 and up-regulated @entity1379 . However, with the co-administration of compound C, apelin-13 was inefficient in affecting apoptosis and @entity1380 , @entity1379 and cleaved-caspase3. The study provided the evidence that apelin-13 up-regulated AMPKa phosphorylation level in @entity2806 insults and AMPK signals participated in the mechanism of apelin-mediated neuroprotection.

title: Apelin-13 protects against apoptosis by activating XXXX -activated protein kinase pathway in @entity63 stroke.

answer: @entity8582 :: (D000667,Chemical) :: ['AMP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Estimate the association between smoking and emergency care in the past 12 months among @entity748 adults in a nationally representative sample. METHODS: Using the 2011 Asthma Call-Back Survey, the association between smoking status and @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and urgent visits among @entity748 adults (n   =   12   339) was assessed through multivariable logistic regression by a cross-sectional study design. Analyses used survey weights for US population-based estimates. Attributable and population attributable risk were calculated to describe the potential benefits of smoking cessation. RESULTS: Adjusting for potential confounders, during the past 12 months former smokers had 1.30 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.74) times the odds and current smokers had 1.46 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.03) times the odds of visiting the @entity341 compared to never smokers. Former smokers had 1.28 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.65) times the odds and current smokers had 1.29 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.73) times the odds of urgent visits compared to never smokers. Among adult asthmatics, an estimated 9% of @entity341 visits and 6% of urgent visits can be attributed to current smoking while 7% of @entity341 visits and 7% of urgent visits can be attributed to former smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Current and former smokers are more likely to need emergency care than never smokers. About 10% of emergency care visits among asthmatics can be attributed to smoking assuming smoking is causally related to emergency care. Long-term effective management of @entity565 , particularly the prevention and cessation of smoking, could reduce emergency care use and health care costs.

title: Cigarette smoking and emergency care utilization among XXXX adults in the 2011 Asthma Call-back Survey.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency department']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: @entity1 @entity2438 is comorbid with @entity302 , yet, little is known about the causes or risk factors leading to this combined @entity16 . Although genetic predisposition can play a substantial role, our objective was to investigate whether maternal environmental factors alone could be sufficient.We examined the independent and combined effects of maternal stress and @entity4183 (used to arrest @entity3152 ), @entity2438 risk factors in @entity1 , on measures of both @entity2438 -like behavior and @entity302 in @entity35 . Pregnant dams were exposed to mild stress (foot shocks at 1 week intervals) throughout pregnancy. Pups were injected with @entity4183 on postnatal days 2-5.Either maternal stress or @entity4183 resulted in @entity2438 -like behaviors in offspring (stereotyped/repetitive behaviors and deficits in social interaction or communication), but neither resulted in @entity302 . However, their combination resulted in severe behavioral symptoms, as well as spontaneous recurrent @entity410 in 45% and @entity302 in 100%, of the @entity35 . @entity131 (GFAP reactivity) was correlated with both @entity146 and spontaneous @entity410 .We conclude that prenatal insults alone can cause comorbid @entity2438 and @entity302 but it requires a combination of teratogens to achieve this; testing single teratogens independently and not examining combinatorial effects may fail to reveal key risk factors in @entity1 . Moreover, astrogliosis may be common to both teratogens. This new animal model of combined @entity2438 and @entity302 permits the experimental investigation of both the cellular mechanisms and potential intervention strategies for this debilitating comorbid syndrome. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The comorbidity of @entity1 @entity2438 and @entity302 has been recognized for decades with little understanding of factors that increase risk. We show that two common @entity1 risk factors for @entity2438 (maternal stress and @entity4183 ), only when combined, result in severe @entity2438 -like behavior and @entity302 . The significance of this work is fourfold: (1) combinations of teratogens are required to assess true risk in @entity1 ; (2) maternal stress and @entity4183 , which are frequently combined in pregnant mothers, may be far more of a risk factor than previously appreciated; (3) astrogliosis may be a common mechanism for this syndrome; and (4) this first animal model of environmentally induced @entity2438 / @entity302 permits experimental investigation of cellular mechanisms and intervention strategies.

title: Maternal Stress Combined with @entity4183 Leads to Comorbid Autistic-Like Behavior and XXXX in a @entity35 Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'convulsive seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Hippocampal gliosis']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal behavior']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'ASD', 'autistic']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptiform spikes']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: @entity1 @entity2438 is comorbid with @entity302 , yet, little is known about the causes or risk factors leading to this combined @entity16 . Although genetic predisposition can play a substantial role, our objective was to investigate whether maternal environmental factors alone could be sufficient.We examined the independent and combined effects of maternal stress and @entity4183 (used to arrest @entity3152 ), @entity2438 risk factors in @entity1 , on measures of both @entity2438 -like behavior and @entity302 in @entity35 . Pregnant dams were exposed to mild stress (foot shocks at 1 week intervals) throughout pregnancy. Pups were injected with @entity4183 on postnatal days 2-5.Either maternal stress or @entity4183 resulted in @entity2438 -like behaviors in offspring (stereotyped/repetitive behaviors and deficits in social interaction or communication), but neither resulted in @entity302 . However, their combination resulted in severe behavioral symptoms, as well as spontaneous recurrent @entity410 in 45% and @entity302 in 100%, of the @entity35 . @entity131 (GFAP reactivity) was correlated with both @entity146 and spontaneous @entity410 .We conclude that prenatal insults alone can cause comorbid @entity2438 and @entity302 but it requires a combination of teratogens to achieve this; testing single teratogens independently and not examining combinatorial effects may fail to reveal key risk factors in @entity1 . Moreover, astrogliosis may be common to both teratogens. This new animal model of combined @entity2438 and @entity302 permits the experimental investigation of both the cellular mechanisms and potential intervention strategies for this debilitating comorbid syndrome. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The comorbidity of @entity1 @entity2438 and @entity302 has been recognized for decades with little understanding of factors that increase risk. We show that two common @entity1 risk factors for @entity2438 (maternal stress and @entity4183 ), only when combined, result in severe @entity2438 -like behavior and @entity302 . The significance of this work is fourfold: (1) combinations of teratogens are required to assess true risk in @entity1 ; (2) maternal stress and @entity4183 , which are frequently combined in pregnant mothers, may be far more of a risk factor than previously appreciated; (3) astrogliosis may be a common mechanism for this syndrome; and (4) this first animal model of environmentally induced @entity2438 / @entity302 permits experimental investigation of cellular mechanisms and intervention strategies.

title: Maternal Stress Combined with XXXX Leads to Comorbid Autistic-Like Behavior and @entity302 in a @entity35 Model.

answer: @entity4183 :: (MESH:D013726,Chemical) :: ['Terbutaline']


abstract: @entity1 @entity2438 is comorbid with @entity302 , yet, little is known about the causes or risk factors leading to this combined @entity16 . Although genetic predisposition can play a substantial role, our objective was to investigate whether maternal environmental factors alone could be sufficient.We examined the independent and combined effects of maternal stress and @entity4183 (used to arrest @entity3152 ), @entity2438 risk factors in @entity1 , on measures of both @entity2438 -like behavior and @entity302 in @entity35 . Pregnant dams were exposed to mild stress (foot shocks at 1 week intervals) throughout pregnancy. Pups were injected with @entity4183 on postnatal days 2-5.Either maternal stress or @entity4183 resulted in @entity2438 -like behaviors in offspring (stereotyped/repetitive behaviors and deficits in social interaction or communication), but neither resulted in @entity302 . However, their combination resulted in severe behavioral symptoms, as well as spontaneous recurrent @entity410 in 45% and @entity302 in 100%, of the @entity35 . @entity131 (GFAP reactivity) was correlated with both @entity146 and spontaneous @entity410 .We conclude that prenatal insults alone can cause comorbid @entity2438 and @entity302 but it requires a combination of teratogens to achieve this; testing single teratogens independently and not examining combinatorial effects may fail to reveal key risk factors in @entity1 . Moreover, astrogliosis may be common to both teratogens. This new animal model of combined @entity2438 and @entity302 permits the experimental investigation of both the cellular mechanisms and potential intervention strategies for this debilitating comorbid syndrome. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The comorbidity of @entity1 @entity2438 and @entity302 has been recognized for decades with little understanding of factors that increase risk. We show that two common @entity1 risk factors for @entity2438 (maternal stress and @entity4183 ), only when combined, result in severe @entity2438 -like behavior and @entity302 . The significance of this work is fourfold: (1) combinations of teratogens are required to assess true risk in @entity1 ; (2) maternal stress and @entity4183 , which are frequently combined in pregnant mothers, may be far more of a risk factor than previously appreciated; (3) astrogliosis may be a common mechanism for this syndrome; and (4) this first animal model of environmentally induced @entity2438 / @entity302 permits experimental investigation of cellular mechanisms and intervention strategies.

title: Maternal Stress Combined with @entity4183 Leads to Comorbid Autistic-Like Behavior and @entity302 in a XXXX Model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity38153 ( @entity38153 ) disease is an incurable, devastating @entity2315 characterized by @entity828 , progressive @entity16 and @entity204 . Current treatments are very limited and the research of new therapeutic targets is thus mandatory. We recently showed that the stimulation of @entity859 A2A receptors (A2ARs) rescues the abnormal phenotype of fibroblasts from @entity38153 @entity1 suggesting that @entity28569 agonists could represent a therapeutic option for this disease. However, since all @entity38153 @entity1 develop severe @entity16 which can be ascribed to the complex pathology occurring in both neurons and oligodendrocytes, in the present paper we tested the effects of the @entity28569 agonist @entity15997 in @entity1 neuronal and oligodendroglial @entity38153 cell lines (i.e. @entity521 SH-SY5Y and oligodendroglial MO3.13 transiently transfected with @entity38153 small interfering RNA). The down-regulation of the @entity38153 protein effectively resulted in intracellular @entity165 accumulation and altered mitochondrial membrane potential. Both effects were significantly attenuated by @entity15997 (500  nM). The protective effects of CGS were prevented by the selective @entity28569 antagonist @entity42123 (500  nM). The involvement of @entity460 modulation was demonstrated by the ability of @entity11008 (5-7   M) in reverting the effect of CGS. The A2A-dependent activity was prevented by the PKA-inhibitor @entity12176 , thus showing the involvement of the @entity268 /PKA signaling. These findings provide a clear in  vitro proof of concept that @entity28569 agonists are promising potential drugs for @entity11408 .

title: Stimulation of @entity859 A2A receptors reduces intracellular @entity165 accumulation and rescues mitochondrial abnormalities in XXXX neural cell models of Niemann-Pick C1.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal-lipid storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity11408 :: ('MESH:C538339', 'Disease') :: ['NPC disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']