abstract: Two approaches were used to identify and characterize the presence of @entity3479 ) in @entity10706 and platelets. We investigated the fibrinolytic activity of @entity1 @entity10706 ( @entity10706 ) and platelets. The presence of @entity3479 antigen in @entity10706 and platelets was demonstrated using immunocytochemical techniques and polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity3479 . When cells were applied to fibrin plates, lysis zones developed around isolated @entity1 @entity10706 , whereas no fibrinolytic activity appeared when either intact washed platelets or platelet lysate were deposited. After SDS-PAGE of platelet and @entity10706 extracts (Triton X-100) immunoblotting and peroxidase staining identified @entity3479 antigen in several bands. Zymographic analysis of SDS-PAGE carried out on fibrin film overlays identified one or two zones corresponding to free or complexed @entity3479 . These results indicate that @entity3479 is present in platelets as well as in the precursor cells, however, in platelets, @entity3479 may not be immediately available for plasminogen activation and fibrin degradation. From our findings and from previous work of others, it appears that platelets may either activate or inhibit the fibrinolytic system. Therefore the conditions of plasminogen activation by platelet @entity3479 and @entity1351 inhibition by platelet alpha 2-antiplasmin or other inhibitors have to be precised before the role of platelets in clot dissolution is understood. The physiological role of platelets in fibrinolysis and clot dissolution remains unclear. In 1953, the antifibrinolytic activity of blood platelets was demonstrated and in the early 1960's a fibrinolytic activity, increasing with platelet concentration in the experimental system, was shown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tissue plasminogen activator in XXXX @entity10706 and platelets: immunocytochemical localization, immunoblotting and zymographic analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case report is to highlight and emphasize the need for an appropriate and thorough list of differential diagnoses when managing @entity1 , as it is insufficient to assume cases are mechanical, until proven non-mechanical. There are over 250,000 cases of @entity698 annually in the United States. Of these cases, <50% present with classic signs and symptoms of @entity158 in the right lower quadrant, mild @entity221 and @entity390 . It is standard for @entity1 who present with @entity698 to be managed operatively with a laparoscopic appendectomy within 24 hours, otherwise the risk of complications such as @entity281 , and even death increases dramatically. CLINICAL FEATURES: This is a retrospective case report following a 27-year-old male with missed @entity698 , who presented to a chiropractor two-weeks after self-diagnosed food @entity4968 . On assessment, he was tender with resisted @entity717 . Psoas Sign, McBurney's Point, vascular exam, hip exam, were negative. A diagnosis of an abdominal strain was provided. Two weeks later, he returned to the chiropractor without an improvement of symptoms. INTERVENTION _ OUTCOME: The @entity1 was sent to the hospital, where he was provided a diagnosis of missed @entity698 . He required a hemicolonectomy due to the associated phlegmonous mass. SUMMARY: When a @entity1 presents to a chiropractic clinic with symptoms of @entity490 , having a comprehensive list of non-mechanical differential diagnoses as well as mechanical differentials is crucial. Appropriate assessment and management of abdominal cases decreases the risk to @entity1 , as missed diagnoses often require more invasive interventions.

title: XXXX diagnosis: A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['rupture, infection']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar rotation']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['Missed appendicitis']


abstract: To achieve therapeutic plasma concentrations of the opioid @entity680 , one must administer the drug as a variable rate continuous infusion. For most @entity1 , using population pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity680 for dosing regimen allows accurate prediction of the plasma concentration of the drug over time. However, for some @entity1 , using such parameters results in systematic over- or underprediction of the concentration. Retrospectively studying a data set (dosage history and measured concentrations) for 34 @entity1 , the authors examined how Bayesian forecasting could improve the precision of prediction. For each @entity1 , a Bayesian regression was performed to estimate "individualized" pharmacokinetic parameters, using population pharmacokinetic values for @entity680 and the measurement of @entity680 in one or more plasma samples from each @entity1 . These individualized parameters were then used to predict the subsequent plasma concentrations of @entity680 over time. By comparing the value of each measured point with its corresponding predicted value, the authors calculated the prediction error as a percentage of the measured value. The precision of the prediction was assessed by the percent mean absolute prediction error. After Bayesian forecasting using a single point sampled at 80 min after start of anesthesia, the average precision of the prediction was 13.8 +/- 6.1% (SD). Using no Bayesian forecasting and only population values of the pharmacokinetic parameters for the prediction of the concentration, the precision was 24.3 +/- 16.9%. The improvement in precision brought by Bayesian forecasting was especially noticeable for those @entity1 whose prediction of @entity680 was poor using population pharmacokinetic values (i.e., "outlier" @entity1 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Bayesian forecasting improves the prediction of intraoperative plasma concentrations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

answer: @entity680 :: (MESH:D015760,Chemical) :: ['alfentanil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fat infiltration of the liver, muscle and pancreas is associated with @entity2690 resistance and risk of @entity6 . Weight loss reduces ectopic fat deposition and risk of @entity6 , but is difficult to sustain to due to compensatory increases in appetite. Fermentable @entity3363 have been shown to decrease appetite and food intake, and promote @entity353 in overweight subjects. In animal studies, fermentable @entity1735 reduces ectopic fat independent of @entity353 . We aimed to investigate the effect of the fermentable @entity1735 inulin on weight maintenance, appetite and ectopic fat in subjects with @entity5710 . METHODS: Forty-four subjects with @entity5710 were randomized to 18  weeks' inulin or cellulose supplementation. During weeks 1-9 ( @entity353 phase) all subjects had four visits with a dietitian to guide them towards a 5  % @entity353 . During weeks 10-18 (weight maintenance phase) subjects continued taking their assigned supplementation and were asked to maintain the weight they had lost but were offered no further support. All subjects attended study sessions at baseline, 9 and 18  weeks for measurement of weight; assessment of adipose tissue and ectopic fat content by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy; @entity413 , @entity2690 and @entity6757 levels following a meal tolerance test; and appetite by ad libitum meal test and visual analogue scales. RESULTS: Both groups lost approximately 5  % of their body weight by week nine (-5.3        0.1  % vs -4.3        0.4  %, p   =   0.13, but the inulin group lost significantly more weight between 9 and 18  weeks (-2.3        0.5  % vs -0.6        0.4  %, p   =   0.012). Subjects taking inulin had lower hepatic (p   =   0.02) and soleus muscle (p   <   0.05) fat content at 18  weeks compared to control even after controlling for @entity353 and consumed less at the ad libitum meal test (p   =   0.027). Fasting @entity413 significantly decreased at week nine only (p   =   0.005), @entity2690 concentrations did not change, and there was a significant increase in @entity6757 in the cellulose group at 9 and 18  weeks (p   <   0.03, p   <   0.00001). CONCLUSION: Inulin may have a two-pronged effect on the risk of @entity6 by 1) promoting @entity353 2) reducing intrahepatocellular and intramyocellular lipid in @entity1 with @entity5710 independent of @entity353 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial number: NCT01841073.

title: A randomized controlled trial: the effect of inulin on weight management and ectopic fat in subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity5710 :: (MESH:D011236,Disease) :: ['prediabetes']


abstract: A new class of carbonaceous composites has been developed for @entity65 . The aim of the present study, performed in @entity235 , was to test the immediate blood compatibility of these materials when inserted within the vascular bed. Biocompatibility studies were performed on vascular cylinders (6 mm i.d.) and intra-atrial implants. The specimens were examined sequentially by SEM at 10, 20, 30, 180 s and 10 min after re-establishment of the blood flow. Patency of the vascular cylinders was tested during the second and third postoperative month by Doppler ultrasound investigations; specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission) at 15, 60 and 110 d following implantation. As early as 10 s after re-establishment of the blood flow platelet adhesion and a limited fibrin mesh with few erythrocytes developed on the material. Platelet aggregates were only observed on intravenous implants. Except in the case of the intravenous insert, no @entity715 developed at the contact of intra-arterial or intracardiac implants. After 15 d it was completely covered by a fibrocellular layer (3-5 cells thick) consisting of large myofibroblasts with microfilaments, newly synthesized collagen and @entity17157 . Endothelial-like cells developed and were completed 2 mnth after implantation. However, deposits present inside and outside the fibrocytic cells of the newly developed tissue were observed corresponding to @entity505 peaks as indicated by wavelength dispersive X-ray microanalysis.

title: Haemocompatibility and biological course of carbonaceous composites for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular devices']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular devices']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite over 50  years of research, it remains unclear how the DNA @entity5 viruses SV40 and Polyoma cause @entity5 . Prevailing theories hold that virus-coded @entity5 ( @entity5 )-antigens cause @entity5 by inactivating cellular @entity5 suppressor genes. But these theories don't explain four characteristics of @entity105 : (1) less than one in 10,000 infected cells become @entity5 cells, (2) @entity5 have complex individual phenotypes and transcriptomes, (3) recurrent @entity5 without viral DNA and proteins, (4) preneoplastic aneuploidies and immortal neoplastic clones with individual karyotypes. RESULTS: As an alternative theory we propose that @entity105 is a form of speciation, initiated by virus-induced @entity2007 . Since @entity2007 destabilizes the karyotype by unbalancing thousands of genes it catalyzes chain reactions of karyotypic and transcriptomic evolutions. Eventually rare karyotypes evolve that encode @entity5 -specific autonomy of growth. The low probability of forming new @entity5 -species by random karyotypic and transcriptomic variations predicts @entity5 . Although @entity5 karyotypes are congenitally aneuploid and thus variable, they are stabilized or immortalized by selections for variants with @entity5 -specific autonomy. Owing to these inherent variations @entity5 karyotypes are heterogeneous within clonal margins. To test this theory we analyzed karyotypes and phenotypes of SV40-infected @entity1 , @entity35 and @entity19 cells developing into neoplastic clones. In all three systems we found (1) preneoplastic @entity5 with individual clonal but flexible karyotypes and phenotypes, which arose from less than one in 10,000 infected cells, survived over 200 generations, but were either @entity5 -antigen positive or negative, (3) spontaneous and drug-induced variations of neoplastic phenotypes correlating 1-to-1 with karyotypic variations. CONCLUSIONS: Since all 14 virus-induced neoplastic clones tested contained individual clonal karyotypes and phenotypes, we conclude that these karyotypes have generated and since maintained these neoplastic clones. Thus SV40 causes @entity5 indirectly, like carcinogens, by inducing @entity2007 from which new @entity5 -specific karyotypes evolve automatically at low rates. This theory explains the (1) low probability of carcinogenesis per @entity778 cell, (2) the individuality and clonal flexibility of @entity5 karyotypes, (3) recurrence of @entity5 without viral @entity5 -antigens, and (4) the individual clonal karyotypes, transcriptomes and immortality of virus-induced @entity5 - all unexplained by current viral theories.

title: Karyotype alteration generates the neoplastic phenotypes of SV40-infected XXXX and rodent cells.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus-infected']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasias', 'T', 'autonomous cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'individual and clonal cancers', 'aneuploidies, (2) neoplastic clones', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['viral carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Malignant transformation of @entity46 has been extensively described in the literature. However, extragonadal @entity4348 , either de novo or arising from @entity5 , is rare. The present case report describes a @entity1 with @entity4348 on the serous surface of the small intestine. A 25-year-old female with no history of @entity46 was referred to our hospital with an intrapelvic @entity5 . An internal examination, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a round mass approximately 80 mm in diameter; however, identification of the affected organ was difficult. Because we could not rule out malignancy based on the non-specific radiologic findings, laparotomy was performed. A mass with @entity4628 was detected intraoperatively. In addition, the uterus and bilateral adnexa appeared normal. The @entity5 was resected with part of the ileum. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of @entity4348 originating from the serous surface of the small intestine.

title: A Case of XXXX Originating from the Serous Surface of the Small Intestine.

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal adhesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of endometriosis', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recently developed suppositories containing free @entity1718 as a bowel-cleansing agent prior to flexible sigmoidoscopy and compare them with Klyx ( @entity18543 / @entity5121 ). DESIGN: A controlled, non-inferiority, single-blind, randomised study on outpatients undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopy. SETTING: Department of Gastroenterology, Landspitali-University Hospital and endoscopic clinic. @entity1 : 53 outpatients undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopy. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomised to receive either free @entity844 suppositories (28) or a standard bowel preparation with Klyx enema (25). In the study group, two suppositories were administered the evening before as well as 2   h prior to the sigmoidoscopy. In the control group, Klyx enema (120   mL) was administered the evening before and repeated 2   h prior to the procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Quality of the bowel cleansing, height of scope insertion and safety. RESULTS: The mean height of scope insertion and bowel cleansing was 43   cm (SD=13.4) in the study group and 48   cm (SD=10.4) in the control group (NS). The investigating physicians were less satisfied with the bowel preparation in the study group compared with the control group with a difference of 20% (p<0.016). The amount of faeces noted in the rectum was similar in both groups with no significant difference (p<0.56). No serious side effects, toxic reaction or irritation were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The suppositories are well tolerated with no significant side effects. The suppositories had distinct bowel emptying effect and as effective as Klyx in rectal cleansing. Although physician's satisfaction was slightly lower, the height of scope insertion was similar. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: EudraCT nr.: 2010-018761-35.

title: Clinical trial: free XXXX suppositories compared with enema as bowel preparation for flexible sigmoidoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity18543 :: ('MESH:D004143', 'Chemical') :: ['docusate sodium']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: @entity6104 ( @entity6104 ) is not common in @entity1 and adolescents. From 1982 to 1987 we have seen 13 pediatric @entity1 (8 male and 5 female) with clinical manifestations that characterized @entity6104 . Age of onset was 13 years. Clinical findings have been @entity625 (100%) involving the knee and @entity158 (84%), @entity158 (38%). One to three weeks before joint involvement, six @entity1 (46%) complained of @entity6369 , 5 (38%) had @entity1681 and two @entity1 had both. 46% of the @entity1 had @entity1530 antigen. Radiologic findings were sacroileitis in five @entity1 and @entity9066 . All @entity1 were treated with non-steroidal antiinflammatory therapy and, in general, there was a clinical remission in 1-3 months. Nevertheless, after 4 years of follow up, 2 @entity1 had acute relapsing @entity625 and 4 had chronic @entity2720 . Three @entity1 have developed secondary @entity1691 . @entity6104 is not all that infrequent in pediatric @entity1 with joint involvements if one looks for @entity6369 , @entity1681 , eye involvement and cutaneous manifestations. The clinical course is favorable, but there might be some chronic or relapsing cases. Some @entity1 can developed secondary @entity1691 . For that reason a prolonged follow up of these @entity1 is necessary.

title: [ XXXX : considerations on the frequency and mid-term course of its juvenile form].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity9066 :: ('MESH:D036982', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneal spurs']

entities_list: @entity6104 :: ('MESH:D016918', 'Disease') :: ['RS', "Reiter's Syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints, heel pain', 'lumbosacral pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity6104 :: (MESH:D016918,Disease) :: ['Reiter's syndrome']


abstract: This paper examines the mechanism responsible for @entity10441 and accompanying @entity3945 during acute salicylism. @entity11141 (250 mg/kg) was administered to 8 spontaneously breathing anesthetized @entity235 ( @entity4486 , 50 mg/kg, and @entity4774 , 500 mg/kg, iv). The @entity825 was sectioned and connected to a pneumotachograph. A catheter was placed in the cisterna magna for sampling cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a femoral artery was cannulated for blood sampling and pressure determinations. Once the cardiorespiratory steady-state was obtained, air flow, tidal volume, arterial pressure, ECG and rectal temperature were measured for baseline control. The measurements were repeated 8 times during 100 min after @entity2697 infusion. Simultaneous determinations of CSF and plasma @entity2697 showed that plasmatic levels were maximal just after infusion, diminishing with time. CSF concentration increased gradually as the @entity2697 diffused through the blood-brain barrier. Minute ventilation increased to more than 600% of control values and was maximal between 60-100 min after @entity2697 infusion. @entity3945 and @entity221 (up to 40.3 degrees C) followed the time-course of @entity10441 . Only a small part of @entity10441 can be attributed to the temperature increase. A high correlation coefficient (r = 0.974) was obtained by regression analysis of the values for ventilation and CSF @entity2697 . We conclude that the central action of @entity2697 is much more important for increasing ventilation than effects related to oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling.

title: Respiratory and acid-base parameters during salicylic intoxication in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

entities_list: @entity11141 :: ('MESH:D012980', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium salicylate']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity3945 :: ('MESH:D000472', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory alkalosis', 'respiratory alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity10441 :: ('MESH:D006985', 'Disease') :: ['hyperventilation']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: A self-administered questionnaire concerning auditory disability and handicap was completed by 1691 subjects who were part of a two-stage random sample of the UK adult population. A principal components analysis of questionnaire replies identified four components. They were interpreted as (a) disability for everyday speech, (b) disability for speech-in-quiet, (c) localisation, and (d) hearing handicap. Components (a) and (d) were the strongest, accounting for 68% of the variance. Subjects also performed pure-tone audiometry amongst other tests. Audiometric information was well described by a two-parameter model characterised by low-to-mid-frequency loss and high-frequency slope. All four components increased progressively with increasing low-to-mid-frequency loss, independent of high-frequency slope. They were best correlated with a binaural average over 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz weighted 4:1 in favour of the better ear, out of several audiometric descriptors examined. Sex and socio-economic group did not generally affect disability or handicap, but @entity1 of similar @entity393 reported @entity717 and handicap as age increased. This is interpreted as over-compensation for the effects of age in self-report. There were three unexpected findings which may entail some changes in current thinking on the relationship between @entity1650 and self-perceived disability/handicap. Hearing losses incorporating a conductive component in the better ear were more disabling and handicapping than sensorineural losses of equal magnitude. Localisation ability and, to a lesser extent, general hearing handicap were more highly correlated with measures of impairment in the worse ear than in the better ear. There was little evidence for the concept of a 'low fence' in the relationship between @entity717 or handicap.

title: Self-reported disability and handicap in the population in relation to pure-tone threshold, age, sex and type of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['less disability', 'impairment and either disability']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['auditory impairment']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) and Beta-Amyloid 1-42 (AB42) in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) are useful biomarkers in @entity179 . The aim of the study was to investigate the role of these and other CSF biomarkers (T-tau, p-Tau, AB42, @entity14186 and NSE), during @entity519 -reoxygenation in a newborn @entity1707 model. DESIGN: Thirty newborn @entity1707 were included in a study of moderate or severe @entity519 . The moderate @entity519 group (n = 12) was exposed to global @entity519 (8% O2) until Base excess (BE) reached -15 mmol/l. The @entity1707 in the group exposed to severe @entity519 (n = 12) received 8% @entity3612 until BE reached -20 mmol/l or mean Blood Pressure fell below 20 mm Hg, The control group (n = 6) was kept at room air. For all treatments, the CSF was collected at 9.5 hours after the intervention. RESULTS: The level of AB42 in CSF was significantly lower in the @entity1707 exposed to severe @entity519 compared with the control group, 922(SD +/-445)pg/ml versus. 1290(SD +/-143) pg/ml (p<0.05), respectively. Further, a non-significant reduction of AB42 was observed in the group exposed to moderate @entity519 T-tau and p-Tau revealed no significant differences between the intervention groups and the control group, however a significantly higher level of @entity14186 was seen in the CSF of @entity1707 receiving @entity519 in comparison to the level in the control group. Further on, there was a moderate negative correlation between the levels of AB42 and @entity14186 in CSF, as well as a moderate negative correlation between @entity880 in blood at end of @entity519 and AB42 in CSF. INTERPRETATION: This is the first study to our knowledge that demonstrated a significant drop in AB42 in CSF after @entity519 . Whether or not this has an etiological basis for @entity179 needs to be studied with additional experiments and epidemiological studies. AB42 and @entity14186 are significantly changed in neonatal @entity1707 subjected to @entity519 compared to controls and thus may be valuable biomarkers of perinatal @entity1763 .

title: Perinatal XXXX May Influence the Level of Beta-Amyloid (1-42) in Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Experimental Study on Newborn @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases', 'adult neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

answer: @entity1763 :: (MESH:D001237,Disease) :: ['Asphyxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) and Beta-Amyloid 1-42 (AB42) in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) are useful biomarkers in @entity179 . The aim of the study was to investigate the role of these and other CSF biomarkers (T-tau, p-Tau, AB42, @entity14186 and NSE), during @entity519 -reoxygenation in a newborn @entity1707 model. DESIGN: Thirty newborn @entity1707 were included in a study of moderate or severe @entity519 . The moderate @entity519 group (n = 12) was exposed to global @entity519 (8% O2) until Base excess (BE) reached -15 mmol/l. The @entity1707 in the group exposed to severe @entity519 (n = 12) received 8% @entity3612 until BE reached -20 mmol/l or mean Blood Pressure fell below 20 mm Hg, The control group (n = 6) was kept at room air. For all treatments, the CSF was collected at 9.5 hours after the intervention. RESULTS: The level of AB42 in CSF was significantly lower in the @entity1707 exposed to severe @entity519 compared with the control group, 922(SD +/-445)pg/ml versus. 1290(SD +/-143) pg/ml (p<0.05), respectively. Further, a non-significant reduction of AB42 was observed in the group exposed to moderate @entity519 T-tau and p-Tau revealed no significant differences between the intervention groups and the control group, however a significantly higher level of @entity14186 was seen in the CSF of @entity1707 receiving @entity519 in comparison to the level in the control group. Further on, there was a moderate negative correlation between the levels of AB42 and @entity14186 in CSF, as well as a moderate negative correlation between @entity880 in blood at end of @entity519 and AB42 in CSF. INTERPRETATION: This is the first study to our knowledge that demonstrated a significant drop in AB42 in CSF after @entity519 . Whether or not this has an etiological basis for @entity179 needs to be studied with additional experiments and epidemiological studies. AB42 and @entity14186 are significantly changed in neonatal @entity1707 subjected to @entity519 compared to controls and thus may be valuable biomarkers of perinatal @entity1763 .

title: Perinatal @entity1763 May Influence the Level of Beta-Amyloid (1-42) in Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Experimental Study on Newborn XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pigs']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The selective medication for @entity158 control in many clinical situations is @entity1286 but its complications prevent its widespread use. @entity3652 has been introduced as an alternative for @entity1286 in some studies. However, the efficacy of its solitary use has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of @entity3652 alone in relieving @entity158 in @entity130 @entity1 referring to an emergency unit. METHODS: In this double-blind clinical trial, @entity1 with long bone @entity174 were randomly divided into two groups of treatment with intravenous (IV) @entity1286 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg and treatment with IV @entity3652 at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. @entity158 severity of the @entity1 was recorded before and 10 minutes after injection based on numeric rating scale. The means in the two groups were compared using independent t-test. Then the Kaplan-Meier curve and log rank analysis were used to evaluate the success of treatment. RESULTS: 126 @entity1 were included in this study. The mean ages of the @entity1 in the @entity1286 and @entity3652 groups were 33.6  14.3 and 35.1  13.5 years, respectively (P=0.54). After therapeutic intervention, the @entity158 severity significantly decreased in @entity3652 (2.7  1.8; P<0.0001) and @entity1286 (2.4  1.5; P<0.0001) groups, with a similar effect of both medications on alleviating @entity158 (P=0.28). The success rate of the treatment at 10-minute interval in groups receiving @entity3652 and @entity1286 were 59 (93.65%) and 61 (96.8%) @entity1 , respectively (P=0.62). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that administration of @entity3652 at a low dose (0.5 mg/kg) results in a significant decrease in the severity of @entity12761 in @entity1 with @entity174 of long bones. This palliative effect is very similar to that of @entity1286 .

title: Comparison of Intravenous XXXX with @entity1286 in @entity158 Relief of Long Bones Fractures: a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['Ketamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The selective medication for @entity158 control in many clinical situations is @entity1286 but its complications prevent its widespread use. @entity3652 has been introduced as an alternative for @entity1286 in some studies. However, the efficacy of its solitary use has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of @entity3652 alone in relieving @entity158 in @entity130 @entity1 referring to an emergency unit. METHODS: In this double-blind clinical trial, @entity1 with long bone @entity174 were randomly divided into two groups of treatment with intravenous (IV) @entity1286 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg and treatment with IV @entity3652 at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. @entity158 severity of the @entity1 was recorded before and 10 minutes after injection based on numeric rating scale. The means in the two groups were compared using independent t-test. Then the Kaplan-Meier curve and log rank analysis were used to evaluate the success of treatment. RESULTS: 126 @entity1 were included in this study. The mean ages of the @entity1 in the @entity1286 and @entity3652 groups were 33.6  14.3 and 35.1  13.5 years, respectively (P=0.54). After therapeutic intervention, the @entity158 severity significantly decreased in @entity3652 (2.7  1.8; P<0.0001) and @entity1286 (2.4  1.5; P<0.0001) groups, with a similar effect of both medications on alleviating @entity158 (P=0.28). The success rate of the treatment at 10-minute interval in groups receiving @entity3652 and @entity1286 were 59 (93.65%) and 61 (96.8%) @entity1 , respectively (P=0.62). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that administration of @entity3652 at a low dose (0.5 mg/kg) results in a significant decrease in the severity of @entity12761 in @entity1 with @entity174 of long bones. This palliative effect is very similar to that of @entity1286 .

title: Comparison of Intravenous @entity3652 with @entity1286 in XXXX Relief of Long Bones Fractures: a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The selective medication for @entity158 control in many clinical situations is @entity1286 but its complications prevent its widespread use. @entity3652 has been introduced as an alternative for @entity1286 in some studies. However, the efficacy of its solitary use has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of @entity3652 alone in relieving @entity158 in @entity130 @entity1 referring to an emergency unit. METHODS: In this double-blind clinical trial, @entity1 with long bone @entity174 were randomly divided into two groups of treatment with intravenous (IV) @entity1286 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg and treatment with IV @entity3652 at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. @entity158 severity of the @entity1 was recorded before and 10 minutes after injection based on numeric rating scale. The means in the two groups were compared using independent t-test. Then the Kaplan-Meier curve and log rank analysis were used to evaluate the success of treatment. RESULTS: 126 @entity1 were included in this study. The mean ages of the @entity1 in the @entity1286 and @entity3652 groups were 33.6  14.3 and 35.1  13.5 years, respectively (P=0.54). After therapeutic intervention, the @entity158 severity significantly decreased in @entity3652 (2.7  1.8; P<0.0001) and @entity1286 (2.4  1.5; P<0.0001) groups, with a similar effect of both medications on alleviating @entity158 (P=0.28). The success rate of the treatment at 10-minute interval in groups receiving @entity3652 and @entity1286 were 59 (93.65%) and 61 (96.8%) @entity1 , respectively (P=0.62). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that administration of @entity3652 at a low dose (0.5 mg/kg) results in a significant decrease in the severity of @entity12761 in @entity1 with @entity174 of long bones. This palliative effect is very similar to that of @entity1286 .

title: Comparison of Intravenous @entity3652 with XXXX in @entity158 Relief of Long Bones Fractures: a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: Epithelial sheets from @entity35 jejunum and descending colon have been shown to respond to @entity1808 (AII) when studied under short-circuit conditions and bathed on both sides with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The octapeptide AII elicited increases in short-circuit current (SCC) in preparations of jejunum and decreases in SCC in the descending colon; both responses occurred when the peptide was applied to the basolateral surface, but not when applied to the apical solution. Responses in both tissues were highly specific, being inhibited by a range of AII antagonists with the following order of potency: [Sar1. Thr8]-AII greater than [Sar1. Leu8]-AII greater than [Sar1. Ile8]-AII greater than [Sar1. Ala8]-AII greater than [Des,Asp1. Ile8]-AII in @entity35 jejunum. AII responses were not affected by alpha- or beta- adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity3897 or @entity1022 . AII responses were totally inhibited by the @entity2865 channel blocker, @entity45506 ( @entity9974 ) while cotransport inhibitors e.g. @entity17295 and @entity1483 significantly reduced the size of AII responses in colon and jejunum. These patterns of activity suggest that in the jejunum the responses result from electrogenic @entity2865 secretion. Although AII responses in colon were sensitive to DPC the transporting ions have not yet been identified. Both @entity5230 and @entity3352 inhibited the increase in SCC elicited by AII in the jejunum, and the reduction in SCC caused by AII in the colon. Taken together these results indicate that @entity1813 are involved in AII responses in both tissues. This is the first study to demonstrate a direct, electrogenic effect for AII on transporting epithelia from the gastrointestinal tract. The responses are most probably initiated by All interacting with previously identified specific All receptors within the epithelial membranes.

title: The effect of XXXX upon electrogenic ion transport in @entity35 intestinal epithelia.

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['frusemide']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity17295 :: ('MESH:C015451', 'Chemical') :: ['piretanide']

entities_list: @entity45506 :: ('MESH:C001209', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenylamine-2-carboxylate']

answer: @entity1808 :: (24179(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: Epithelial sheets from @entity35 jejunum and descending colon have been shown to respond to @entity1808 (AII) when studied under short-circuit conditions and bathed on both sides with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The octapeptide AII elicited increases in short-circuit current (SCC) in preparations of jejunum and decreases in SCC in the descending colon; both responses occurred when the peptide was applied to the basolateral surface, but not when applied to the apical solution. Responses in both tissues were highly specific, being inhibited by a range of AII antagonists with the following order of potency: [Sar1. Thr8]-AII greater than [Sar1. Leu8]-AII greater than [Sar1. Ile8]-AII greater than [Sar1. Ala8]-AII greater than [Des,Asp1. Ile8]-AII in @entity35 jejunum. AII responses were not affected by alpha- or beta- adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity3897 or @entity1022 . AII responses were totally inhibited by the @entity2865 channel blocker, @entity45506 ( @entity9974 ) while cotransport inhibitors e.g. @entity17295 and @entity1483 significantly reduced the size of AII responses in colon and jejunum. These patterns of activity suggest that in the jejunum the responses result from electrogenic @entity2865 secretion. Although AII responses in colon were sensitive to DPC the transporting ions have not yet been identified. Both @entity5230 and @entity3352 inhibited the increase in SCC elicited by AII in the jejunum, and the reduction in SCC caused by AII in the colon. Taken together these results indicate that @entity1813 are involved in AII responses in both tissues. This is the first study to demonstrate a direct, electrogenic effect for AII on transporting epithelia from the gastrointestinal tract. The responses are most probably initiated by All interacting with previously identified specific All receptors within the epithelial membranes.

title: The effect of @entity1808 upon electrogenic ion transport in XXXX intestinal epithelia.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The classical Whipple procedure for chronic @entity788 has been associated with significant long term postoperative morbidity. The pylorus-preserving procedure of Longmire has reduced but not eliminated the long-term morbidity. Preservation of the whole duodenum with total pancreatectomy has been introduced for the treatment of @entity1 with end-stage chronic @entity788 after favourable experience with this procedure in @entity1 for @entity11448 . Fourteen @entity1 with chronic @entity788 have had a total pancreatectomy with preservation of the duodenum and the bile duct. All @entity1 are still alive (median follow-up 9.5 months) and none suffered major complications in the perioperative period. One @entity1 developed a biliary stricture at 3 months, requiring biliary reconstruction. Six of the @entity1 have returned to full-time work; nine require no analgesia. All @entity1 require pancreatic enzyme replacement, and all @entity1 have gained weight postoperatively. @entity6 control is satisfactory with a twice daily insulin regime. Duodenum-preserving total pancreatectomy is feasible in the adult without mortality or high morbidity; early experience suggests that preserving the duodenum improves gastrointestinal function with easier control of the @entity6 .

title: Duodenum-preserving total pancreatectomy for end stage chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity11448 :: ('MESH:D046768', 'Disease') :: ['nesidioblastosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: The effects of extracorporeal immunoadsorption of LDL on the lipoprotein metabolism in two @entity1 with @entity753 are reported. The immunoadsorbent consisted of F(ab')2 fragments of sheep anti-LDL antibodies, which had been coupled to Sepharose CL 4B. Within a time period of 3 to 3.5 hours a mean reduction of the level of total @entity165 by 76 +/- 4 p. cent could be obtained. The level of LDL @entity165 was reduced by 78 +/- 4 p. cent and the level of apo. B by 84 +/- 5 p. cent. Both LDL and VLDL were bound to the immunoadsorbent, while HDL was predominantly lowered by the plasma-dilution, which was in the order of 20 p. cent. The same was true for other serum proteins, not related to LDL or VLDL. The relative distribution of the different lipoprotein classes was again reached 3 days after the treatment, the initial lipid and apolipoprotein levels two to three weeks after the treatment. In a long-term therapy consisting of 45 treatments with a mean interval of 18 days between two treatments a mean @entity165 lowering of 42 p. cent could be achieved. No adverse effects and no sensitization to be heterologous protein were observed.

title: Lipoprotein changes in XXXX after extracorporeal immunoadsorption of low density lipoproteins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: 1. Out of 295 outpatients who were followed up by our staff for longer than 4 years, a total of 196 @entity1 was subjected to this retrospective study. The inclusion criterion was that they had inevitably been placed on polytherapy of two or more @entity302 ( @entity302 ). In other words, they had failed to reach monotherapy for some reasons. 2. One of the determinant factors for the success or failure of monotherapy was the type of @entity302 . Namely, @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ) was relatively easy to attain by monotherapy regardless of the @entity410 type, whereas @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ) with combined @entity410 and secondary @entity302 (SPE) with mixed @entity410 were not infrequently difficult to be placed on a monotherapy regimen. In the latter case, however, an abrupt withdrawal of @entity302 was apt to cause an exacerbation of @entity410 . 3. There were some @entity1 who could reach a complete freedom from @entity410 as a result of bi- or polytherapy and became socially adaptable and acceptable. They themselves are, if not all, afraid of a possible relapse of @entity410 produced by a reduction in the number of @entity302 hitherto prescribed. In some cases, a family member may refuse monotherapy, or even physicians are reluctant to switch to monotherapy because the @entity1 have experienced @entity159 in the past.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mono- or polytherapy and the severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'anti-epileptic drugs', 'partial epilepsy', 'AEDs']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['SGE', 'PGE', 'primary generalized epilepsy', 'secondary generalized epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The importance of measuring the quality of @entity5 care has been well recognized in many developed countries, but has never been successfully implemented on a national level in Japan. We sought to establish a wide-scale quality monitoring and evaluation program for @entity5 by measuring 13 process-of-care quality indicators (QIs) using registry-linked claims database. We measured two QIs on pre-treatment testing, nine on adherence to clinical guidelines on therapeutic treatments, and two on supportive care, for breast, prostate, colorectal, stomach, lung, liver, and cervical @entity5 @entity1 who were diagnosed in 2011 from 178 hospitals. We further assessed the reasons for non-adherence for @entity1 who did not receive the indicated care in 26 hospitals. QIs for pretreatment testing were high in most hospitals (above 80%), but scores on adjuvant radiation and chemoradiation therapies were low (20-37%) except for @entity0 (74%). QIs for adjuvant chemotherapy and supportive care were more widely distributed across hospitals (45-68%). Further analysis in 26 hospitals showed that most of the @entity1 who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy had clinically valid reasons for not receiving the specified care (above 70%), but the majority of the @entity1 did not have sufficient reasons for not receiving adjuvant radiotherapy (52-69%) and supportive care (above 80%). We presented the first wide-scale quality measurement initiative of @entity5 @entity1 in Japan. @entity1 without clinically valid reasons for non-adherence should be examined further in the future to improve care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Monitoring and evaluating the quality of XXXX care in Japan using administrative claims data.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6942 is an increasingly recognised cause of @entity295 and @entity204 across South East Asia and Northern Australia, caused by the bacterium @entity6943 . Risk factors include @entity6 , @entity988 and @entity8 , and a vaccine targeting at-risk populations is urgently required. A better understanding of the protective immune response in naturally infected @entity1 is essential for vaccine design. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal clinical and immunological study of 200 @entity1 with @entity6942 on admission, 12 weeks (n = 113) and 52 weeks (n = 65) later. Responses to whole killed @entity6943 were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by interferon-gamma (IFN-y) ELIspot assay and flow cytometry and compared to those of control subjects in the region with @entity6 (n = 45) and without @entity6 (n = 43). RESULTS: We demonstrated strong @entity404 + and @entity405 + responses to @entity6943 during @entity697 , 12 weeks and 52 weeks later. 28-day mortality was 26% for @entity6942 @entity1 , and @entity6943 -specific cellular responses in fatal cases (mean 98 IFN-y cells per million PBMC) were significantly lower than those in the survivors (mean 142 IFN-y cells per million PBMC) in a multivariable logistic regression model (P = 0.01). A J-shaped curve association between circulating neutrophil count and mortality was seen with an optimal count of 4000 to 8000 neutrophils/ l. @entity6942 @entity1 with known @entity6 had poor @entity6 control (median glycated haemoglobin HbA1c 10.2%, interquartile range 9.2-13.1) and showed a stunted @entity6943 -specific cellular response during acute illness compared to those without @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the role of both @entity404 + and @entity405 + T-cells in protection against @entity6942 , and an interaction between @entity6 and cellular responses. This supports development of vaccine strategies that induce strong T-cell responses for the control of intracellular pathogens such as @entity6943 .

title: T-Cell Responses Are Associated with Survival in Acute XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6943 :: ('28450', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia pseudomallei', 'B. pseudomallei']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity6942 :: ('MESH:D008554', 'Disease') :: ['Melioidosis', 'melioidosis']

answer: @entity6942 :: (MESH:D008554,Disease) :: ['Melioidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6942 is an increasingly recognised cause of @entity295 and @entity204 across South East Asia and Northern Australia, caused by the bacterium @entity6943 . Risk factors include @entity6 , @entity988 and @entity8 , and a vaccine targeting at-risk populations is urgently required. A better understanding of the protective immune response in naturally infected @entity1 is essential for vaccine design. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal clinical and immunological study of 200 @entity1 with @entity6942 on admission, 12 weeks (n = 113) and 52 weeks (n = 65) later. Responses to whole killed @entity6943 were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by interferon-gamma (IFN-y) ELIspot assay and flow cytometry and compared to those of control subjects in the region with @entity6 (n = 45) and without @entity6 (n = 43). RESULTS: We demonstrated strong @entity404 + and @entity405 + responses to @entity6943 during @entity697 , 12 weeks and 52 weeks later. 28-day mortality was 26% for @entity6942 @entity1 , and @entity6943 -specific cellular responses in fatal cases (mean 98 IFN-y cells per million PBMC) were significantly lower than those in the survivors (mean 142 IFN-y cells per million PBMC) in a multivariable logistic regression model (P = 0.01). A J-shaped curve association between circulating neutrophil count and mortality was seen with an optimal count of 4000 to 8000 neutrophils/ l. @entity6942 @entity1 with known @entity6 had poor @entity6 control (median glycated haemoglobin HbA1c 10.2%, interquartile range 9.2-13.1) and showed a stunted @entity6943 -specific cellular response during acute illness compared to those without @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the role of both @entity404 + and @entity405 + T-cells in protection against @entity6942 , and an interaction between @entity6 and cellular responses. This supports development of vaccine strategies that induce strong T-cell responses for the control of intracellular pathogens such as @entity6943 .

title: T-Cell Responses Are Associated with Survival in Acute @entity6942 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The activation of prothrombin by @entity6236 is strongly accelerated by negatively charged phospholipids plus @entity460 ions. In this paper we report that positively charged membranes can also stimulate prothrombin activation provided that the activation reaction is carried out in the absence of @entity460 ions. Membranes composed of a mixture of @entity2434 (PC) and positively charged lipids like @entity1752 , @entity5597 , or @entity14942 caused a more than 1000-fold increase of the rate of prothrombin activation. Prothrombin activation by the @entity6236 -factor Va complex was also considerably stimulated by such membranes. Stimulation of prothrombin activation by positively charged membranes was suppressed at high ionic strength. This suggests that electrostatic attraction of negatively charged proteins by positively charged membranes is the major driving force in the association of prothrombin and @entity6236 with the lipid surface. @entity460 ions strongly inhibited prothrombin activation on vesicles composed of PC and @entity1752 (80/20 M/M), which indicates that the regions of prothrombin and/or @entity6236 containing @entity16699 (gla) are important for the interaction of these proteins with positively charged membranes. The importance of the gla domain was confirmed by the observation that PC/ @entity1752 vesicles had much less effect on the reactions between proteins that lack gla residues [gla-domainless (des-1-45) prothrombin, prethrombin 1, prethrombin 2, or gla-domainless (des-1-44) @entity6236 ]. The efficiency of prothrombin and prothrombin derivatives to act as substrate decreased in the order prothrombin greater than des-1-45-prothrombin = prethrombin 1 greater than prethrombin 2, while prothrombin activation by gla-domainless (des-1-44) @entity6236 was hardly stimulated by positively charged membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -independent activation of prothrombin on membranes with positively charged lipids.

entities_list: @entity14942 :: ('MESH:C004322', 'Chemical') :: ['hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity5597 :: ('MESH:D013110', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine']

entities_list: @entity16699 :: ('MESH:D015055', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-carboxyglutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1752 :: ('MESH:C009317', 'Chemical') :: ['stearylamine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: The protein heterogeneity of fractions isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography on anti- @entity1675 and anti-apolipoprotein @entity5704 affinity columns was analyzed by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the fractions were analyzed and automatically compared by the computer system MELANIE. Fractions containing apolipoproteins A-I + @entity5704 and only A-I as the major protein components have been isolated from plasma and from high density lipoproteins prepared by ultracentrifugation. Similarities between the profiles of the fractions, as indicated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, suggested that those derived from plasma were equivalent to those from high density lipoproteins (HDL), which are particulate in nature. The established apolipoproteins (A-I, @entity5704 , A-IV, C, D, and E) were visible and enriched in fractions from both plasma and HDL. However, plasma-derived fractions showed a much greater degree of protein heterogeneity due largely to enrichment in bands corresponding to six additional proteins. They were present in trace amounts in fractions isolated from HDL and certain of the proteins were visible in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the plasma. These proteins are considered to be specifically associated with the immunoaffinity-isolated particles. They have been characterized in terms of Mr and pI. Computer-assisted measurements of protein spot-staining intensities suggest an asymmetric distribution of the proteins (as well as the established apolipoproteins), with four showing greater prominence in particles containing @entity1675 but no @entity3294 .

title: Protein heterogeneity of lipoprotein particles containing @entity1675 without XXXX and @entity1675 with @entity3294 isolated from human plasma.

entities_list: @entity3294 :: ('336', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-II']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']

answer: @entity3294 :: (336,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein A-II']


abstract: The protein heterogeneity of fractions isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography on anti- @entity1675 and anti-apolipoprotein @entity5704 affinity columns was analyzed by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the fractions were analyzed and automatically compared by the computer system MELANIE. Fractions containing apolipoproteins A-I + @entity5704 and only A-I as the major protein components have been isolated from plasma and from high density lipoproteins prepared by ultracentrifugation. Similarities between the profiles of the fractions, as indicated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, suggested that those derived from plasma were equivalent to those from high density lipoproteins (HDL), which are particulate in nature. The established apolipoproteins (A-I, @entity5704 , A-IV, C, D, and E) were visible and enriched in fractions from both plasma and HDL. However, plasma-derived fractions showed a much greater degree of protein heterogeneity due largely to enrichment in bands corresponding to six additional proteins. They were present in trace amounts in fractions isolated from HDL and certain of the proteins were visible in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the plasma. These proteins are considered to be specifically associated with the immunoaffinity-isolated particles. They have been characterized in terms of Mr and pI. Computer-assisted measurements of protein spot-staining intensities suggest an asymmetric distribution of the proteins (as well as the established apolipoproteins), with four showing greater prominence in particles containing @entity1675 but no @entity3294 .

title: Protein heterogeneity of lipoprotein particles containing @entity1675 without @entity3294 and @entity1675 with XXXX isolated from human plasma.

answer: @entity3294 :: (336,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein A-II']


abstract: The protein heterogeneity of fractions isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography on anti- @entity1675 and anti-apolipoprotein @entity5704 affinity columns was analyzed by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the fractions were analyzed and automatically compared by the computer system MELANIE. Fractions containing apolipoproteins A-I + @entity5704 and only A-I as the major protein components have been isolated from plasma and from high density lipoproteins prepared by ultracentrifugation. Similarities between the profiles of the fractions, as indicated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, suggested that those derived from plasma were equivalent to those from high density lipoproteins (HDL), which are particulate in nature. The established apolipoproteins (A-I, @entity5704 , A-IV, C, D, and E) were visible and enriched in fractions from both plasma and HDL. However, plasma-derived fractions showed a much greater degree of protein heterogeneity due largely to enrichment in bands corresponding to six additional proteins. They were present in trace amounts in fractions isolated from HDL and certain of the proteins were visible in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the plasma. These proteins are considered to be specifically associated with the immunoaffinity-isolated particles. They have been characterized in terms of Mr and pI. Computer-assisted measurements of protein spot-staining intensities suggest an asymmetric distribution of the proteins (as well as the established apolipoproteins), with four showing greater prominence in particles containing @entity1675 but no @entity3294 .

title: Protein heterogeneity of lipoprotein particles containing XXXX without @entity3294 and @entity1675 with @entity3294 isolated from human plasma.

answer: @entity1675 :: (335,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']


abstract: The protein heterogeneity of fractions isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography on anti- @entity1675 and anti-apolipoprotein @entity5704 affinity columns was analyzed by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the fractions were analyzed and automatically compared by the computer system MELANIE. Fractions containing apolipoproteins A-I + @entity5704 and only A-I as the major protein components have been isolated from plasma and from high density lipoproteins prepared by ultracentrifugation. Similarities between the profiles of the fractions, as indicated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, suggested that those derived from plasma were equivalent to those from high density lipoproteins (HDL), which are particulate in nature. The established apolipoproteins (A-I, @entity5704 , A-IV, C, D, and E) were visible and enriched in fractions from both plasma and HDL. However, plasma-derived fractions showed a much greater degree of protein heterogeneity due largely to enrichment in bands corresponding to six additional proteins. They were present in trace amounts in fractions isolated from HDL and certain of the proteins were visible in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the plasma. These proteins are considered to be specifically associated with the immunoaffinity-isolated particles. They have been characterized in terms of Mr and pI. Computer-assisted measurements of protein spot-staining intensities suggest an asymmetric distribution of the proteins (as well as the established apolipoproteins), with four showing greater prominence in particles containing @entity1675 but no @entity3294 .

title: Protein heterogeneity of lipoprotein particles containing @entity1675 without @entity3294 and XXXX with @entity3294 isolated from human plasma.

answer: @entity1675 :: (335,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']


abstract: 1. A study of the sex- and age- (4 to 103 weeks) related changes in liver microsomal mixed-function oxidase components of @entity35 , showed that total @entity1447 ranged from 12.0 to 34.0 nmol/g, peaking between weeks 26 and 39; males had higher levels than females at weeks 4 to 51. Cytochrome b5 ranged from 5.0 to 15.0 nmol/g with inconsistent age- and sex-related differences. 2. @entity1110 :cytochrome C reductase ranged from 2.6 to 4.8 mumol/min per g, with maximal activity at week 39; males had greater activity at weeks 12 to 78. @entity2125 :cytochrome C reductase ranged from 5.2 to 26.9 mumol/min per g, peaking between weeks 51 and 78; females had greater activity at weeks 12 to 51. 3. This age- and sex-related pattern of changes in these components is specific to the Sprague-Dawley strain. There are slight but significant differences between sexes only in @entity35 less than 1 year old. There was no significant correlation between rates of @entity40444 or @entity9308 metabolism and @entity1447 concentrations.

title: Age- and sex-related changes in the components of the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity40444 :: ('MESH:C005306', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nitroanisole']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: The effects of age on the characteristics of spinal anaesthesia with plain @entity1341 were investigated in 29 adult @entity1 (less than 50 yr : group I), and 37 older @entity1 (greater than or equal to 80 yr : group II). Three millilitres of 0.5% solution (15 mg) were injected at the L3-L4 interspace in the lateral position; the @entity1 were turned supine immediately afterwards. The onset, extent and duration of sensory and motor blockade, the cardiovascular effects and the quality of anaesthesia were evaluated. Anaesthesia was unsatisfactory in one @entity1 in group I and two @entity1 in group II; they required a supplement with intravenous inhalation anaesthesia. These @entity1 were not included in the analysis of the variables studied. The time to maximum spread was significantly shorter in the group I : 7.3 min versus 9.9 min in group II. A higher sensory spinal blockade was obtained in the older age group (T 10.4 versus T 11.2). There were no significant difference between the two groups in the mean time from the injection to recovery from @entity1337 in the two uppermost segments (121 min versus 107 min). The mean duration of @entity1337 at the L2 level did not differ significantly (149 min versus 164 min). All the @entity1 had complete motor blockade of lower limbs. Only the Bromage's degrees 2 and 1 were greater in the elderly's group. In the older group, there was a tendency to a greater decrease in systolic arterial pressure from the preanaesthetic values (-20.9% versus -13%). But moderate falls in mean and diastolic arterial pressures were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Spinal anesthesia with isobaric 0.5% XXXX . Effect of age].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: We reviewed the records of 59 @entity1 who suffered @entity2685 following @entity130 between the years 1974 and 1984. The age of the @entity1 ranged from 2 to 84 years, with a mean of 35.3 years. Forty-five were male @entity1 . The majority of @entity130 (53%) were caused by motor vehicle accidents. Direct @entity130 was the mechanism of injury for 33 @entity1 , traction for 18, @entity2065 for six, and @entity1172 for two. The @entity130 occurred on the left side in 33 (56%); the right side in 23 (39%), and bilaterally in three (5%). Eight @entity1 (14%) suffered complete @entity5300 , and 51 (86%) incurred partial @entity912 . Nine @entity1 (15.2%) presented in shock. Severe associated @entity130 occurred in this group of @entity1 and included multiple rib @entity174 , @entity2004 , @entity358 , @entity542 , and @entity174 . Subclavian @entity1317 occurred in three @entity1 , axillary artery in two @entity1 , and an internal @entity130 in one @entity1 . Complete resolution of the palsy occurred in 25 @entity1 , partial resolution occurred in 17 cases, and the @entity5300 remained permanent in nine. Eight @entity1 were lost to follow-up. @entity2685 frequently occur in association with severe @entity130 , are usually partial @entity912 , and resolve partially or completely in two-thirds of cases. In addition, 10% of these @entity1 suffered major @entity1317 and 10% incurred significant @entity764 .

title: @entity2685 from @entity130 --a harbinger of vascular and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'upper extremity fractures']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injuries', 'vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus palsy', 'brachial plexus palsies']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary contusion']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['acromioclavicular separation']

entities_list: @entity2004 :: ('MESH:D006468', 'Disease') :: ['hemopneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['carotid injury', 'trauma', 'blunt trauma', 'injuries']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['Brachial plexus injuries', 'brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic injury']


abstract: We reviewed the records of 59 @entity1 who suffered @entity2685 following @entity130 between the years 1974 and 1984. The age of the @entity1 ranged from 2 to 84 years, with a mean of 35.3 years. Forty-five were male @entity1 . The majority of @entity130 (53%) were caused by motor vehicle accidents. Direct @entity130 was the mechanism of injury for 33 @entity1 , traction for 18, @entity2065 for six, and @entity1172 for two. The @entity130 occurred on the left side in 33 (56%); the right side in 23 (39%), and bilaterally in three (5%). Eight @entity1 (14%) suffered complete @entity5300 , and 51 (86%) incurred partial @entity912 . Nine @entity1 (15.2%) presented in shock. Severe associated @entity130 occurred in this group of @entity1 and included multiple rib @entity174 , @entity2004 , @entity358 , @entity542 , and @entity174 . Subclavian @entity1317 occurred in three @entity1 , axillary artery in two @entity1 , and an internal @entity130 in one @entity1 . Complete resolution of the palsy occurred in 25 @entity1 , partial resolution occurred in 17 cases, and the @entity5300 remained permanent in nine. Eight @entity1 were lost to follow-up. @entity2685 frequently occur in association with severe @entity130 , are usually partial @entity912 , and resolve partially or completely in two-thirds of cases. In addition, 10% of these @entity1 suffered major @entity1317 and 10% incurred significant @entity764 .

title: @entity2685 from XXXX --a harbinger of vascular and @entity764 .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: We reviewed the records of 59 @entity1 who suffered @entity2685 following @entity130 between the years 1974 and 1984. The age of the @entity1 ranged from 2 to 84 years, with a mean of 35.3 years. Forty-five were male @entity1 . The majority of @entity130 (53%) were caused by motor vehicle accidents. Direct @entity130 was the mechanism of injury for 33 @entity1 , traction for 18, @entity2065 for six, and @entity1172 for two. The @entity130 occurred on the left side in 33 (56%); the right side in 23 (39%), and bilaterally in three (5%). Eight @entity1 (14%) suffered complete @entity5300 , and 51 (86%) incurred partial @entity912 . Nine @entity1 (15.2%) presented in shock. Severe associated @entity130 occurred in this group of @entity1 and included multiple rib @entity174 , @entity2004 , @entity358 , @entity542 , and @entity174 . Subclavian @entity1317 occurred in three @entity1 , axillary artery in two @entity1 , and an internal @entity130 in one @entity1 . Complete resolution of the palsy occurred in 25 @entity1 , partial resolution occurred in 17 cases, and the @entity5300 remained permanent in nine. Eight @entity1 were lost to follow-up. @entity2685 frequently occur in association with severe @entity130 , are usually partial @entity912 , and resolve partially or completely in two-thirds of cases. In addition, 10% of these @entity1 suffered major @entity1317 and 10% incurred significant @entity764 .

title: XXXX from @entity130 --a harbinger of vascular and @entity764 .

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['Brachial plexus injuries']


abstract: To assess the efficacy of once daily monotherapy relative to standard combination antibiotic therapy for the initial management of @entity1 suspected of serious @entity2348 , we conducted a randomized trial comparing @entity2756 ( @entity2756 ) with a combination of @entity2261 plus @entity801 . Of 105 @entity1 , 53 were treated with @entity2756 alone and 52 with the combination; 13 @entity1 were considered not evaluable. 42 of 53 @entity1 given @entity2756 and 33 of 52 given @entity2261 plus @entity801 responded to treatment (p = 0.07). Three @entity1 given @entity2756 and 6 who received @entity801 plus @entity2261 died (p = 0.28). Definite @entity2348 were identified in 67 @entity1 ; of the evaluable @entity1 with a definite infection 27 of 29 who received @entity2756 and 21 of 31 who were treated with the combination were cured (p = 0.01). No difference was found in the number of side effects. However, therapy had to be discontinued due to treatment failure, an adverse effect or @entity204 in 1 of 33 @entity1 given @entity2756 and in 11 of 34 given the combination (p = 0.002). @entity2756 was found to have an impact on the count of @entity526 in intestinal microflora. Changes in normal bacterial composition did not lead to the overgrowth with resistant Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas, however, colonization by @entity375 was observed. Using @entity2756 reduced the cost of antimicrobial therapy per @entity1 by 107 pounds (US  183). Moreover, the total time save per @entity1 due to decreased nursing and drug administration time per day was 40 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative study of XXXX monotherapy versus a combination regimen of @entity2261 plus @entity801 for treatment of serious @entity2348 : the efficacy, safety and effect on fecal flora.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['Rocephin', 'Ceftriaxone', 'ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

answer: @entity2756 :: (MESH:D002443,Chemical) :: ['ceftriaxone']


abstract: To assess the efficacy of once daily monotherapy relative to standard combination antibiotic therapy for the initial management of @entity1 suspected of serious @entity2348 , we conducted a randomized trial comparing @entity2756 ( @entity2756 ) with a combination of @entity2261 plus @entity801 . Of 105 @entity1 , 53 were treated with @entity2756 alone and 52 with the combination; 13 @entity1 were considered not evaluable. 42 of 53 @entity1 given @entity2756 and 33 of 52 given @entity2261 plus @entity801 responded to treatment (p = 0.07). Three @entity1 given @entity2756 and 6 who received @entity801 plus @entity2261 died (p = 0.28). Definite @entity2348 were identified in 67 @entity1 ; of the evaluable @entity1 with a definite infection 27 of 29 who received @entity2756 and 21 of 31 who were treated with the combination were cured (p = 0.01). No difference was found in the number of side effects. However, therapy had to be discontinued due to treatment failure, an adverse effect or @entity204 in 1 of 33 @entity1 given @entity2756 and in 11 of 34 given the combination (p = 0.002). @entity2756 was found to have an impact on the count of @entity526 in intestinal microflora. Changes in normal bacterial composition did not lead to the overgrowth with resistant Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas, however, colonization by @entity375 was observed. Using @entity2756 reduced the cost of antimicrobial therapy per @entity1 by 107 pounds (US  183). Moreover, the total time save per @entity1 due to decreased nursing and drug administration time per day was 40 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative study of @entity2756 monotherapy versus a combination regimen of @entity2261 plus XXXX for treatment of serious @entity2348 : the efficacy, safety and effect on fecal flora.

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: To assess the efficacy of once daily monotherapy relative to standard combination antibiotic therapy for the initial management of @entity1 suspected of serious @entity2348 , we conducted a randomized trial comparing @entity2756 ( @entity2756 ) with a combination of @entity2261 plus @entity801 . Of 105 @entity1 , 53 were treated with @entity2756 alone and 52 with the combination; 13 @entity1 were considered not evaluable. 42 of 53 @entity1 given @entity2756 and 33 of 52 given @entity2261 plus @entity801 responded to treatment (p = 0.07). Three @entity1 given @entity2756 and 6 who received @entity801 plus @entity2261 died (p = 0.28). Definite @entity2348 were identified in 67 @entity1 ; of the evaluable @entity1 with a definite infection 27 of 29 who received @entity2756 and 21 of 31 who were treated with the combination were cured (p = 0.01). No difference was found in the number of side effects. However, therapy had to be discontinued due to treatment failure, an adverse effect or @entity204 in 1 of 33 @entity1 given @entity2756 and in 11 of 34 given the combination (p = 0.002). @entity2756 was found to have an impact on the count of @entity526 in intestinal microflora. Changes in normal bacterial composition did not lead to the overgrowth with resistant Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas, however, colonization by @entity375 was observed. Using @entity2756 reduced the cost of antimicrobial therapy per @entity1 by 107 pounds (US  183). Moreover, the total time save per @entity1 due to decreased nursing and drug administration time per day was 40 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative study of @entity2756 monotherapy versus a combination regimen of XXXX plus @entity801 for treatment of serious @entity2348 : the efficacy, safety and effect on fecal flora.

answer: @entity2261 :: (MESH:D002444,Chemical) :: ['cefuroxime']


abstract: To assess the efficacy of once daily monotherapy relative to standard combination antibiotic therapy for the initial management of @entity1 suspected of serious @entity2348 , we conducted a randomized trial comparing @entity2756 ( @entity2756 ) with a combination of @entity2261 plus @entity801 . Of 105 @entity1 , 53 were treated with @entity2756 alone and 52 with the combination; 13 @entity1 were considered not evaluable. 42 of 53 @entity1 given @entity2756 and 33 of 52 given @entity2261 plus @entity801 responded to treatment (p = 0.07). Three @entity1 given @entity2756 and 6 who received @entity801 plus @entity2261 died (p = 0.28). Definite @entity2348 were identified in 67 @entity1 ; of the evaluable @entity1 with a definite infection 27 of 29 who received @entity2756 and 21 of 31 who were treated with the combination were cured (p = 0.01). No difference was found in the number of side effects. However, therapy had to be discontinued due to treatment failure, an adverse effect or @entity204 in 1 of 33 @entity1 given @entity2756 and in 11 of 34 given the combination (p = 0.002). @entity2756 was found to have an impact on the count of @entity526 in intestinal microflora. Changes in normal bacterial composition did not lead to the overgrowth with resistant Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas, however, colonization by @entity375 was observed. Using @entity2756 reduced the cost of antimicrobial therapy per @entity1 by 107 pounds (US  183). Moreover, the total time save per @entity1 due to decreased nursing and drug administration time per day was 40 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative study of @entity2756 monotherapy versus a combination regimen of @entity2261 plus @entity801 for treatment of serious XXXX : the efficacy, safety and effect on fecal flora.

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial infections']


abstract: Both @entity27 and @entity1030 can be associated with intermittent or chronic @entity519 leading to @entity120 and @entity3618 . When these problems coexist, it is possible that the cardiopulmonary effects are additive. We hypothesized that hemodynamic disturbances in @entity1 with @entity358 would be more severe than in those with @entity386 alone, and that hemodynamic improvement should follow @entity386 cure, but perhaps at a slower rate than in those with @entity386 alone. To test these hypotheses, we prospectively followed 24 @entity1 with @entity387 . They were divided into 3 nonrandomized groups. Nineteen @entity1 had both @entity358 . Nine of these agreed to curative tracheostomy (Group 1). The other 10 subjects (Group 2) refused tracheostomy but accepted noncurative therapies, including nocturnal @entity26 (n = 9), uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (n = 2), and @entity6700 (n = 4). Five subjects with @entity386 but without clinically obvious @entity358 received tracheostomies (Group 3). Subjects were followed at yearly intervals (mean follow-up, 27.2 months) with radionuclide motion studies and, in 15 of 24 who consented, right heart catheterization. The 3 groups did not vary with respect to age, percent ideal weight, or severity of @entity386 symptoms. The severity of right-sided hemodynamic dysfunction in the group with @entity386 but no obvious @entity358 was less than that in the 2 groups with @entity358 . A substantial decrease in pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.056) and significant improvement in right ventricular ejection fraction occurred in the tracheostomized group with both @entity358 . Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased in both groups receiving tracheostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term cardiopulmonary sequelae in @entity1 with XXXX and @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6700 :: ('MESH:D011530', 'Chemical') :: ['protriptyline']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'apnea and lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: Both @entity27 and @entity1030 can be associated with intermittent or chronic @entity519 leading to @entity120 and @entity3618 . When these problems coexist, it is possible that the cardiopulmonary effects are additive. We hypothesized that hemodynamic disturbances in @entity1 with @entity358 would be more severe than in those with @entity386 alone, and that hemodynamic improvement should follow @entity386 cure, but perhaps at a slower rate than in those with @entity386 alone. To test these hypotheses, we prospectively followed 24 @entity1 with @entity387 . They were divided into 3 nonrandomized groups. Nineteen @entity1 had both @entity358 . Nine of these agreed to curative tracheostomy (Group 1). The other 10 subjects (Group 2) refused tracheostomy but accepted noncurative therapies, including nocturnal @entity26 (n = 9), uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (n = 2), and @entity6700 (n = 4). Five subjects with @entity386 but without clinically obvious @entity358 received tracheostomies (Group 3). Subjects were followed at yearly intervals (mean follow-up, 27.2 months) with radionuclide motion studies and, in 15 of 24 who consented, right heart catheterization. The 3 groups did not vary with respect to age, percent ideal weight, or severity of @entity386 symptoms. The severity of right-sided hemodynamic dysfunction in the group with @entity386 but no obvious @entity358 was less than that in the 2 groups with @entity358 . A substantial decrease in pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.056) and significant improvement in right ventricular ejection fraction occurred in the tracheostomized group with both @entity358 . Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased in both groups receiving tracheostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term cardiopulmonary sequelae in @entity1 with @entity387 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic lung disease']


abstract: Both @entity27 and @entity1030 can be associated with intermittent or chronic @entity519 leading to @entity120 and @entity3618 . When these problems coexist, it is possible that the cardiopulmonary effects are additive. We hypothesized that hemodynamic disturbances in @entity1 with @entity358 would be more severe than in those with @entity386 alone, and that hemodynamic improvement should follow @entity386 cure, but perhaps at a slower rate than in those with @entity386 alone. To test these hypotheses, we prospectively followed 24 @entity1 with @entity387 . They were divided into 3 nonrandomized groups. Nineteen @entity1 had both @entity358 . Nine of these agreed to curative tracheostomy (Group 1). The other 10 subjects (Group 2) refused tracheostomy but accepted noncurative therapies, including nocturnal @entity26 (n = 9), uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (n = 2), and @entity6700 (n = 4). Five subjects with @entity386 but without clinically obvious @entity358 received tracheostomies (Group 3). Subjects were followed at yearly intervals (mean follow-up, 27.2 months) with radionuclide motion studies and, in 15 of 24 who consented, right heart catheterization. The 3 groups did not vary with respect to age, percent ideal weight, or severity of @entity386 symptoms. The severity of right-sided hemodynamic dysfunction in the group with @entity386 but no obvious @entity358 was less than that in the 2 groups with @entity358 . A substantial decrease in pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.056) and significant improvement in right ventricular ejection fraction occurred in the tracheostomized group with both @entity358 . Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased in both groups receiving tracheostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term cardiopulmonary sequelae in XXXX with @entity387 and @entity1030 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Four prepuberal @entity1 , two @entity1 and two @entity1 , aged 7 years 3 months to 11 years 6 months with chronic @entity851 were studied. Informed parental consent was obtained. Growth was followed for two years or more and was always less than P 3. Growth velocity during observation period was 4 cm/y or less. Gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal and thyroid functions were normal. Skeletal X-ray examination revealed no anomalies. karyotype in the two @entity1 was 44XX. @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) secretion was evaluated in all cases by two different test: exercise- @entity1169 and insulin-induced @entity4053 . Peaks of @entity2124 secretion were 10 ng/ml or more. In three @entity1 , @entity2124 secretion was also evaluated during first two hours of @entity25 . @entity2124 peaks were 10, 4 and 13.4 ng/ml, respectively. Somatomedin activity (SA) measured in basal condition on two different days with six month interval was low (0.28-0.70 U/ml) and increased after seven daily doses of 2 mg of @entity2124 , in all @entity1 (0.80-1.12 U/ml). All @entity1 were treated with @entity2124 (2 mg/3 times/week), and growth velocity increased from 4 to 8.7, from 3.9 to 8.8, from 3 to 6.5 and from 3.2 to 6 cm/y, respectively. In conclusion, SA is of value in selection of @entity1 with chronic @entity851 , who may benefit from long-term @entity2124 therapy.

title: [Chronic delay of growth with normal response of XXXX secretion to provocation stimuli for its liberation and decreased somatomedin activity: treatment with @entity2124 over 6 months].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['deep-sleep']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: Four prepuberal @entity1 , two @entity1 and two @entity1 , aged 7 years 3 months to 11 years 6 months with chronic @entity851 were studied. Informed parental consent was obtained. Growth was followed for two years or more and was always less than P 3. Growth velocity during observation period was 4 cm/y or less. Gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal and thyroid functions were normal. Skeletal X-ray examination revealed no anomalies. karyotype in the two @entity1 was 44XX. @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) secretion was evaluated in all cases by two different test: exercise- @entity1169 and insulin-induced @entity4053 . Peaks of @entity2124 secretion were 10 ng/ml or more. In three @entity1 , @entity2124 secretion was also evaluated during first two hours of @entity25 . @entity2124 peaks were 10, 4 and 13.4 ng/ml, respectively. Somatomedin activity (SA) measured in basal condition on two different days with six month interval was low (0.28-0.70 U/ml) and increased after seven daily doses of 2 mg of @entity2124 , in all @entity1 (0.80-1.12 U/ml). All @entity1 were treated with @entity2124 (2 mg/3 times/week), and growth velocity increased from 4 to 8.7, from 3.9 to 8.8, from 3 to 6.5 and from 3.2 to 6 cm/y, respectively. In conclusion, SA is of value in selection of @entity1 with chronic @entity851 , who may benefit from long-term @entity2124 therapy.

title: [Chronic delay of growth with normal response of @entity2124 secretion to provocation stimuli for its liberation and decreased somatomedin activity: treatment with XXXX over 6 months].

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: The data of 331 @entity1 with @entity0 treated in the Second Department of Surgery, Helsinki University, during the period 1976-1980 ( @entity1 material, treatment, prognostic factors) is evaluated and compared with an equally large @entity1 material treated during the period 1951-1961 in the same hospital. A breast lump was the main symptom in 94% and the @entity5 was found by the @entity1 in most cases. Only two @entity1 were younger than 30 years. The median delays to the first medical contact and to operative treatment were 30 and 20 days respectively. The delay had no influence on the prognosis. Also, the age of the @entity1 and the localization of the @entity5 had no significant effect on the prognosis. Simple mastectomy with axillary lymph node excision was the main operative treatment in the present material whereas Halsted's radical mastectomy was frequently performed in the previous study. Operative radicality was the same in both studies. The prognosis has improved in all clinical stages. The present relative five year survivals in stages I-IV were 95, 83, 53 and 18%, whereas in the previous study they were 75, 58, 41 and 0%, respectively. The improvement in stage II-IV @entity0 is probably due to advances in radio- and chemotherapy. However, the improvement in the prognosis of stage I and to a lesser extent of @entity0 cannot be explained on this basis alone. Neither do the shorter delays in treatment fully explain the differences in the prognosis. The most frequent sites of @entity3 were bone and lung/pleura where almost half of the total @entity3 occurring during the follow-up were found.

title: Changes in the treatment and prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'stage II breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The antithrombotic efficacy of @entity10099 (Naf) was assessed with the following method: an endothelial cell damage is induced in arteriolar vessels of the hamster cheek pouch by intravascular excitation of @entity941 - @entity8009 -dextran. On these damaged cells, platelets adhere and a stable @entity715 grows. This process progressively obstructs the vessel's aperture and hence reduces blood flow. Blood cell velocity may thus be used to quantitate @entity715 growth. @entity715 growth is assessed before and repetitively after parenteral application of 1, 5 and 20 mg/kg Naf. Efficacy is compared with 10 and 100 mg/kg @entity117 . Naf shows a significant antithrombotic property, beginning with a dosage of 1 mg/kg which further increases relative to the dosage, and the stability of thrombi decreased. The antithrombotic effectiveness of Naf increases continuously during 120 min after application. Vessel diameter and cell velocity were the same in compared groups thus excluding an influence of the vasodilatory property of Naf on @entity715 growth. Sixty min after application, 5 mg/kg Naf was as effective as 10 mg/kg @entity117 .

title: Antithrombotic efficacy and its time course after application of XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity10099 :: ('MESH:D009257', 'Chemical') :: ['naftidrofuryl']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity8009 :: ('MESH:C037152', 'Chemical') :: ['isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'Thrombus']

answer: @entity10099 :: (MESH:D009257,Chemical) :: ['naftidrofuryl']


abstract: The association of @entity6 with @entity356 is not well documented. Our endoscopic experience over a seven-year period (1979 to 1985) included 3247 esophagoduodenoscopies (EGDs). Bezoars were found in 14 @entity1 (0.4%). The mean age of these 14 @entity1 was 63 years (range, 27 to 84 years); there were eight @entity1 and six @entity1 . In 11 @entity1 , there was a history and/or findings of @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ). Two @entity1 had prior surgery (Billroth II in one and vagotomy in another). Seven @entity1 had @entity6 ; five had @entity6 for over five years, and three of these five had @entity6 for over ten years. @entity6 was newly diagnosed in one @entity1 . Except for the newly diagnosed @entity1 , the other @entity6 @entity1 had evidence of @entity4148 . Two other @entity1 (not included with the @entity6 @entity1 ) had @entity4854 only during stress. The three @entity1 with bezoars but without @entity10189 all had @entity6 for many years (9, 17, and 19 years). In two control groups of 14 @entity1 each who also underwent endoscopy, only one @entity6 @entity1 was discovered. We conclude that @entity6 and associated gastropathy are major risk factors for @entity4657 formation, especially in the absence of @entity10189 .

title: Association of @entity6 with XXXX formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease', 'PUD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric bezoars']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric bezoar']


abstract: The association of @entity6 with @entity356 is not well documented. Our endoscopic experience over a seven-year period (1979 to 1985) included 3247 esophagoduodenoscopies (EGDs). Bezoars were found in 14 @entity1 (0.4%). The mean age of these 14 @entity1 was 63 years (range, 27 to 84 years); there were eight @entity1 and six @entity1 . In 11 @entity1 , there was a history and/or findings of @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ). Two @entity1 had prior surgery (Billroth II in one and vagotomy in another). Seven @entity1 had @entity6 ; five had @entity6 for over five years, and three of these five had @entity6 for over ten years. @entity6 was newly diagnosed in one @entity1 . Except for the newly diagnosed @entity1 , the other @entity6 @entity1 had evidence of @entity4148 . Two other @entity1 (not included with the @entity6 @entity1 ) had @entity4854 only during stress. The three @entity1 with bezoars but without @entity10189 all had @entity6 for many years (9, 17, and 19 years). In two control groups of 14 @entity1 each who also underwent endoscopy, only one @entity6 @entity1 was discovered. We conclude that @entity6 and associated gastropathy are major risk factors for @entity4657 formation, especially in the absence of @entity10189 .

title: Association of XXXX with @entity356 formation.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']