abstract: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group evaluated @entity11558 in 89 @entity1 with advanced refractory or relapsing multiple @entity1582 . @entity11558 was initially used as a single agent administered orally at 200 mg/m2/day for the first 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle. When this regimen proved to be ineffective, it was modified first by increasing the dose of @entity11558 to 280 mg/m2/day and subsequently by adding @entity229 at 75 mg for the first 7 days of each 28-day cycle. None of the 39 @entity1 receiving @entity11558 without @entity229 had an objective response, while two @entity1 had minimal objective improvement (25%-50% decrease in M protein with symptomatic improvement). Only 14% of these @entity1 had objective or symptomatic response or both. In contrast, @entity1 treated with @entity11558 plus @entity229 had a 22% objective response rate, with another 14% showing lesser degrees of objective improvement. Fifty-one percent of the @entity1 treated with this regimen had either objective or symptomatic improvement or both. Severe (grade 3) @entity137 was seen in nearly two-thirds of the @entity1 on the higher-dose @entity11558 regimens compared with 37% of the @entity1 receiving low-dose @entity11558 ; however, in most instances this represented rapidly reversible @entity1503 . Because all but one of the @entity1 responding to @entity11558 plus @entity229 had experienced previous treatment failure on regimens containing @entity229 in similar dose and schedules, it is unlikely that the responses are due to @entity229 alone. Instead, this study suggests that the activity of @entity11558 in multiple @entity1582 is dependent on the concomitant administration of @entity229 and that the combination regimen appears to be synergistic.

title: Contribution of XXXX to the effectiveness of @entity11558 in multiple @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity11558 :: ('MESH:D006585', 'Chemical') :: ['Hexamethylmelamine', 'hexamethylmelamine']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group evaluated @entity11558 in 89 @entity1 with advanced refractory or relapsing multiple @entity1582 . @entity11558 was initially used as a single agent administered orally at 200 mg/m2/day for the first 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle. When this regimen proved to be ineffective, it was modified first by increasing the dose of @entity11558 to 280 mg/m2/day and subsequently by adding @entity229 at 75 mg for the first 7 days of each 28-day cycle. None of the 39 @entity1 receiving @entity11558 without @entity229 had an objective response, while two @entity1 had minimal objective improvement (25%-50% decrease in M protein with symptomatic improvement). Only 14% of these @entity1 had objective or symptomatic response or both. In contrast, @entity1 treated with @entity11558 plus @entity229 had a 22% objective response rate, with another 14% showing lesser degrees of objective improvement. Fifty-one percent of the @entity1 treated with this regimen had either objective or symptomatic improvement or both. Severe (grade 3) @entity137 was seen in nearly two-thirds of the @entity1 on the higher-dose @entity11558 regimens compared with 37% of the @entity1 receiving low-dose @entity11558 ; however, in most instances this represented rapidly reversible @entity1503 . Because all but one of the @entity1 responding to @entity11558 plus @entity229 had experienced previous treatment failure on regimens containing @entity229 in similar dose and schedules, it is unlikely that the responses are due to @entity229 alone. Instead, this study suggests that the activity of @entity11558 in multiple @entity1582 is dependent on the concomitant administration of @entity229 and that the combination regimen appears to be synergistic.

title: Contribution of @entity229 to the effectiveness of XXXX in multiple @entity1582 .

answer: @entity11558 :: (MESH:D006585,Chemical) :: ['hexamethylmelamine']


abstract: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group evaluated @entity11558 in 89 @entity1 with advanced refractory or relapsing multiple @entity1582 . @entity11558 was initially used as a single agent administered orally at 200 mg/m2/day for the first 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle. When this regimen proved to be ineffective, it was modified first by increasing the dose of @entity11558 to 280 mg/m2/day and subsequently by adding @entity229 at 75 mg for the first 7 days of each 28-day cycle. None of the 39 @entity1 receiving @entity11558 without @entity229 had an objective response, while two @entity1 had minimal objective improvement (25%-50% decrease in M protein with symptomatic improvement). Only 14% of these @entity1 had objective or symptomatic response or both. In contrast, @entity1 treated with @entity11558 plus @entity229 had a 22% objective response rate, with another 14% showing lesser degrees of objective improvement. Fifty-one percent of the @entity1 treated with this regimen had either objective or symptomatic improvement or both. Severe (grade 3) @entity137 was seen in nearly two-thirds of the @entity1 on the higher-dose @entity11558 regimens compared with 37% of the @entity1 receiving low-dose @entity11558 ; however, in most instances this represented rapidly reversible @entity1503 . Because all but one of the @entity1 responding to @entity11558 plus @entity229 had experienced previous treatment failure on regimens containing @entity229 in similar dose and schedules, it is unlikely that the responses are due to @entity229 alone. Instead, this study suggests that the activity of @entity11558 in multiple @entity1582 is dependent on the concomitant administration of @entity229 and that the combination regimen appears to be synergistic.

title: Contribution of @entity229 to the effectiveness of @entity11558 in multiple XXXX .

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of key laboratory and race/ethnicity data on the prediction of in-hospital mortality for @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and @entity583 ( @entity583 ). DATA SOURCES: Hawaii adult hospitalizations database between 2009 and 2011, linked to laboratory database. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional design was employed to develop risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality models among @entity1 with @entity712 (n = 5,718) and @entity583 (n = 5,703). DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Results of 25 selected laboratory tests were requested from hospitals and laboratories across the state and mapped according to Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes standards. The laboratory data were linked to administrative data for each discharge of interest from an all-payer database, and a Master @entity1 Identifier was used to link @entity1 -level encounter data across hospitals statewide. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Adding a simple three-level summary measure based on the number of abnormal laboratory data observed to hospital administrative claims data significantly improved the model prediction for inpatient mortality compared with a baseline risk model using administrative data that adjusted only for age, gender, and risk of mortality (determined using 3M's All @entity1 Refined Diagnosis Related Groups classification). The addition of race/ethnicity also improved the model. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the incorporation of a simple summary measure of laboratory data and race/ethnicity information to improve predictions of in-hospital mortality from @entity712 and @entity583 . Laboratory data provide objective evidence of a @entity1 's condition and therefore are accurate determinants of a @entity1 's risk of mortality. Adding race/ethnicity information helps further explain the differences in in-hospital mortality.

title: Risk-Adjusted In-Hospital Mortality Models for XXXX and Acute @entity583 : Value of Clinical Laboratory Data and Race/Ethnicity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Congestive Heart Failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of key laboratory and race/ethnicity data on the prediction of in-hospital mortality for @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and @entity583 ( @entity583 ). DATA SOURCES: Hawaii adult hospitalizations database between 2009 and 2011, linked to laboratory database. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional design was employed to develop risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality models among @entity1 with @entity712 (n = 5,718) and @entity583 (n = 5,703). DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Results of 25 selected laboratory tests were requested from hospitals and laboratories across the state and mapped according to Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes standards. The laboratory data were linked to administrative data for each discharge of interest from an all-payer database, and a Master @entity1 Identifier was used to link @entity1 -level encounter data across hospitals statewide. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Adding a simple three-level summary measure based on the number of abnormal laboratory data observed to hospital administrative claims data significantly improved the model prediction for inpatient mortality compared with a baseline risk model using administrative data that adjusted only for age, gender, and risk of mortality (determined using 3M's All @entity1 Refined Diagnosis Related Groups classification). The addition of race/ethnicity also improved the model. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the incorporation of a simple summary measure of laboratory data and race/ethnicity information to improve predictions of in-hospital mortality from @entity712 and @entity583 . Laboratory data provide objective evidence of a @entity1 's condition and therefore are accurate determinants of a @entity1 's risk of mortality. Adding race/ethnicity information helps further explain the differences in in-hospital mortality.

title: Risk-Adjusted In-Hospital Mortality Models for @entity712 and Acute XXXX : Value of Clinical Laboratory Data and Race/Ethnicity.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vivo model systems in @entity263 research that authentically reproduce @entity5 growth are still sparse. While orthotopic implantation is technically difficult, particularly in the @entity19 , most models favor subcutaneous @entity5 growth. This however provides little information about natural @entity5 growth behavior and @entity5 stroma interaction. Furthermore, established @entity263 cell lines grown as in vivo xenografts are not able to reflect the variety of @entity5 specific growth patterns and growth behavior in @entity1 . Primary cell cultures are difficult to handle and an induction of @entity5 has not been successful yet. Therefore, a tumorgraft model using @entity5 tissue from prostatectomy specimens was developed. METHODS: Balb/c @entity19 were used to graft fresh @entity263 tissue by renal subcapsular and orthotopic implantation. @entity3033 was supplemented. Animals were tracked by means of 30   MHz ultrasound to monitor @entity5 engraftment and growth. Autopsy, histology, PSA measurements as well as immunostaining and PCR for @entity1 tissue were performed to confirm @entity5 growth. RESULTS: Renal subcapsular engraftment was seen in 2 of 3 @entity19 . Orthotopic engraftment was observed in 7 of 11 animals (63.6%) with an overall engraftment of 5 out of 9 @entity1 specimens (55.6%). Ultrasound confirmed the @entity5 growth over time. Of interest, the tumorgrafts not only retained essential features of the parental @entity5 , but also stained positive for @entity5 specific markers such as AR, PSA, and @entity6639 . Tumor positive animals showed highly elevated serum PSA levels with confirmation of a @entity1 specific PCR sequence and a @entity1 endothelial cell lining in the @entity5 vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized implantation of fresh @entity5 tissue in @entity19 prostates generates tumorgrafts with histological properties of organ-confined @entity263 . These tumorgrafts display a new approach for an optimized in vivo model of @entity263 and will allow further investigations on specific pathways of @entity5 initiation and progression as well as therapeutic response. Prostate 75:1526-1537, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Orthotopic tumorgrafts in @entity19 : A new method to study @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'orthotopic tumor', 'orthotopic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vivo model systems in @entity263 research that authentically reproduce @entity5 growth are still sparse. While orthotopic implantation is technically difficult, particularly in the @entity19 , most models favor subcutaneous @entity5 growth. This however provides little information about natural @entity5 growth behavior and @entity5 stroma interaction. Furthermore, established @entity263 cell lines grown as in vivo xenografts are not able to reflect the variety of @entity5 specific growth patterns and growth behavior in @entity1 . Primary cell cultures are difficult to handle and an induction of @entity5 has not been successful yet. Therefore, a tumorgraft model using @entity5 tissue from prostatectomy specimens was developed. METHODS: Balb/c @entity19 were used to graft fresh @entity263 tissue by renal subcapsular and orthotopic implantation. @entity3033 was supplemented. Animals were tracked by means of 30   MHz ultrasound to monitor @entity5 engraftment and growth. Autopsy, histology, PSA measurements as well as immunostaining and PCR for @entity1 tissue were performed to confirm @entity5 growth. RESULTS: Renal subcapsular engraftment was seen in 2 of 3 @entity19 . Orthotopic engraftment was observed in 7 of 11 animals (63.6%) with an overall engraftment of 5 out of 9 @entity1 specimens (55.6%). Ultrasound confirmed the @entity5 growth over time. Of interest, the tumorgrafts not only retained essential features of the parental @entity5 , but also stained positive for @entity5 specific markers such as AR, PSA, and @entity6639 . Tumor positive animals showed highly elevated serum PSA levels with confirmation of a @entity1 specific PCR sequence and a @entity1 endothelial cell lining in the @entity5 vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized implantation of fresh @entity5 tissue in @entity19 prostates generates tumorgrafts with histological properties of organ-confined @entity263 . These tumorgrafts display a new approach for an optimized in vivo model of @entity263 and will allow further investigations on specific pathways of @entity5 initiation and progression as well as therapeutic response. Prostate 75:1526-1537, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Orthotopic tumorgrafts in XXXX : A new method to study @entity1 @entity263 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vivo model systems in @entity263 research that authentically reproduce @entity5 growth are still sparse. While orthotopic implantation is technically difficult, particularly in the @entity19 , most models favor subcutaneous @entity5 growth. This however provides little information about natural @entity5 growth behavior and @entity5 stroma interaction. Furthermore, established @entity263 cell lines grown as in vivo xenografts are not able to reflect the variety of @entity5 specific growth patterns and growth behavior in @entity1 . Primary cell cultures are difficult to handle and an induction of @entity5 has not been successful yet. Therefore, a tumorgraft model using @entity5 tissue from prostatectomy specimens was developed. METHODS: Balb/c @entity19 were used to graft fresh @entity263 tissue by renal subcapsular and orthotopic implantation. @entity3033 was supplemented. Animals were tracked by means of 30   MHz ultrasound to monitor @entity5 engraftment and growth. Autopsy, histology, PSA measurements as well as immunostaining and PCR for @entity1 tissue were performed to confirm @entity5 growth. RESULTS: Renal subcapsular engraftment was seen in 2 of 3 @entity19 . Orthotopic engraftment was observed in 7 of 11 animals (63.6%) with an overall engraftment of 5 out of 9 @entity1 specimens (55.6%). Ultrasound confirmed the @entity5 growth over time. Of interest, the tumorgrafts not only retained essential features of the parental @entity5 , but also stained positive for @entity5 specific markers such as AR, PSA, and @entity6639 . Tumor positive animals showed highly elevated serum PSA levels with confirmation of a @entity1 specific PCR sequence and a @entity1 endothelial cell lining in the @entity5 vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized implantation of fresh @entity5 tissue in @entity19 prostates generates tumorgrafts with histological properties of organ-confined @entity263 . These tumorgrafts display a new approach for an optimized in vivo model of @entity263 and will allow further investigations on specific pathways of @entity5 initiation and progression as well as therapeutic response. Prostate 75:1526-1537, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Orthotopic tumorgrafts in @entity19 : A new method to study XXXX @entity263 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical loading of @entity2720 can damage the articular cartilage surface and may lead to @entity571 . It is unknown if, independent of load, frequency alone can cause failure in cartilage. This study investigated the variation of articular cartilage surface damage under frequencies associated with normal, above normal and traumatic loading frequencies. METHOD: Cartilage on bone, obtained from @entity291 shoulder joints, was tested. Damage was created on the cartilage surface through an indenter being sinusoidally loaded against it at loading frequencies of 1, 10 and 100  Hz (i.e., relevant to normal, above normal and up to rapid heel-strike rise times, respectively). The frequencies were applied with a maximum load in the range 60-160  N. Surface cracks were marked with India ink, photographed and their length measured using image analysis software. RESULTS: Surface damage increased significantly (P  <  0.0001) with frequency throughout all load ranges investigated. The @entity734 of @entity42747 , c, on frequency, f, could be represented by, [Formula: see text] where A  =  0.006      0.23, B  =  0.62      0.23 and D  =  0.38      0.51  mm (mean      standard deviation). CONCLUSION: The increase in @entity42747 with loading frequency indicated that, increased loading frequency can result in cartilage becoming damaged. The results of this study have implications in the early stages of @entity571 .

title: Effect of the variation of loading frequency on surface failure of XXXX articular cartilage.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity42747 :: ('MESH:D003387', 'Disease') :: ['crack length']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['synovial joints']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to analyze changes in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) distribution, intrahepatic lipids (IHL), and @entity2690 resistance (IR) among a group of @entity28 adolescents undergoing a 7-months low-level lifestyle intervention. Thirty-nine @entity28 Caucasian adolescents (mean age 13.9  years, body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDSLMS) 2.14) were included. @entity1386 and IHL were determined by T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and single-voxel MR spectroscopy; IR was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The lifestyle intervention led to a reduction of both BMI-SDSLMS ( @entity1 2.27 to 2.17; @entity1 2.00 to 1.82) and HOMA-IR ( @entity1 6.1 to 4.4 (p   =   0.008); @entity1 6.2 to 4.7 (p   =   0.030)). IHL dropped in both genders ( @entity1 7.5 to 4.3  %; @entity1 4.6 to 3.4  %) positively correlating with HOMA-IR ( @entity1 r   =   0.52; @entity1 r   =   0.68), while in contrast @entity1386 did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Although the lifestyle intervention only slightly reduced BMI-SDSLMS, @entity2690 sensitivity improved in both genders and came along with a marked @entity9744 . This suggests that IHL might play the dominant role regarding @entity2690 resistance in the youth, especially if compared to other @entity1386 compartments such as @entity1386 . What is Known:     MR imaging/spectroscopy can be used to evaluate body fat distribution and intrahepatic lipids in the youth.     The strength of associations between body fat compartments and @entity2690 resistance is under scientific debate. What is New:     The study emphasizes that even a low-level lifestyle intervention has a beneficial effect.     The study suggests that intrahepatic lipids are an important factor in the development of @entity2690 resistance.

title: Changes in whole-body fat distribution, intrahepatic lipids, and @entity2690 resistance of XXXX adolescents during a low-level lifestyle intervention.

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of IHL']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'visceral AT', 'AT']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to analyze changes in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) distribution, intrahepatic lipids (IHL), and @entity2690 resistance (IR) among a group of @entity28 adolescents undergoing a 7-months low-level lifestyle intervention. Thirty-nine @entity28 Caucasian adolescents (mean age 13.9  years, body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDSLMS) 2.14) were included. @entity1386 and IHL were determined by T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and single-voxel MR spectroscopy; IR was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The lifestyle intervention led to a reduction of both BMI-SDSLMS ( @entity1 2.27 to 2.17; @entity1 2.00 to 1.82) and HOMA-IR ( @entity1 6.1 to 4.4 (p   =   0.008); @entity1 6.2 to 4.7 (p   =   0.030)). IHL dropped in both genders ( @entity1 7.5 to 4.3  %; @entity1 4.6 to 3.4  %) positively correlating with HOMA-IR ( @entity1 r   =   0.52; @entity1 r   =   0.68), while in contrast @entity1386 did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Although the lifestyle intervention only slightly reduced BMI-SDSLMS, @entity2690 sensitivity improved in both genders and came along with a marked @entity9744 . This suggests that IHL might play the dominant role regarding @entity2690 resistance in the youth, especially if compared to other @entity1386 compartments such as @entity1386 . What is Known:     MR imaging/spectroscopy can be used to evaluate body fat distribution and intrahepatic lipids in the youth.     The strength of associations between body fat compartments and @entity2690 resistance is under scientific debate. What is New:     The study emphasizes that even a low-level lifestyle intervention has a beneficial effect.     The study suggests that intrahepatic lipids are an important factor in the development of @entity2690 resistance.

title: Changes in whole-body fat distribution, intrahepatic lipids, and XXXX resistance of @entity28 adolescents during a low-level lifestyle intervention.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The sorption behavior of the herbicide @entity3824 ( @entity14457 ) to three different artificial soil mixtures was investigated. Artificial soils serve as model systems for improving understanding of sorption phenomena. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The soils consisted of @entity3674 , @entity61248 , @entity73105 , @entity6638 , and charcoal. In a previous study, several selected mixtures had been inoculated with organic matter, and microbial aging (incubation) had been performed for different periods of time (3, 12, and 18  months) before conducting the sorption experiments. The effect of this pre-incubation time on the sorption behavior was determined. Interaction of MCPA with soil surfaces was monitored by aqueous phase sorption experiments, using high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet and in selected cases Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The sorption behavior showed large differences between differently aged soils; Freundlich and linear sorption model fits (with sorption constants K f , 1/n exponents, and K d values, respectively) were given for pH   =   3 and the unbuffered pH of    7. The largest extent of sorption from diluted solutions was found on the surfaces with a pre-incubation time of 3  months. Sorption increased at acidic pH values. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding the influence of aging of artificial soils, the following conclusions were drawn: young artificial soils exhibit stronger sorption at lower concentrations, with a larger K f value than aged soils. A correlation with organic @entity505 content was not confirmed. Thus, the sorption characteristics of the soils are more influenced by the aging of the organic @entity505 than by the organic @entity505 content itself.

title: Differences in sorption behavior of the herbicide XXXX on artificial soils as a function of soil pre-aging.

entities_list: @entity61248 :: ('MESH:C092844', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrihydrite']

entities_list: @entity3824 :: ('CHEBI:50099', 'Chemical') :: ['4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity6638 :: ('MESH:D001546', 'Chemical') :: ['montmorillonite']

answer: @entity3824 :: (CHEBI:50099,Chemical) :: ['4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid']


abstract: Depth EEG recordings were carried out in 16 @entity1 with clinical and EEG evidence of the @entity5761 ( @entity5761 ), in attempts to identify a surgically-resectable focus. Structures explored included the mesial temporal (amygdaloid) areas, the orbito-frontal cortex, the superior parasagittal cortex, and in three cases @entity76 . All @entity1 showed disordered and slow background activity in depth leads. Slow spike-waves were prominent in orbito-frontal and parasagittal frontal areas, but were generally reflected as well in surface frontal leads. Runs of rapid spikes were recorded in 7 @entity1 , again mainly in deep frontal leads. Independent interictal spikes were observed in 9 @entity1 , chiefly from one or both amygdaloid areas. Ictal events were recorded in 9 @entity1 . Frontal lobes were most often involved at the start, and a few cases showed origin of apparently generalized surface activity beginning unilaterally in @entity75 . None of the identified interictal nor ictal foci were sufficiently dominant to justify local surgical resection. Frontal bilateral synchrony, when present, was adequately visualized by noninvasive surface EEG recording. Depth electroencephalography in our hands therefore has a very limited role in evaluation of @entity1 with @entity5761 .

title: Depth EEG studies in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5761 :: ('MESH:D065768', 'Disease') :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome', 'LGS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['deep frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['deep cerebellar nuclei']

answer: @entity5761 :: (MESH:D065768,Disease) :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 were examined between 3 weeks and 11 years after implantation of an aortobifemoral vascular graft with 111In labelled leukocytes isolated with discontinuous gradient centrifugation. The camera acquisition was performed with a three phase technique (acquisitions at 30 min, 4 h and 24 h p.i.). The presence and extent of a graft or perigraft @entity281 including complicating @entity292 could be correctly diagnosed in six of eight @entity1 with surgically proven @entity281 . Leukocyte uptake index was calculated as 1.77 +/- 0.4 (30 min p.i.) and 2.4 +/- 0.7 (24 h p.i.). All @entity281 could be diagnosed by 30 min p.i., @entity292 only could be seen 24 h p.i. In two of eight @entity1 , false positive results were observed. These @entity1 suffered from suspected perigraft @entity1410 and noninfected aortic graft @entity439 . Both had a negative 30 min scan and a slight uptake in the late scans comparable to bone marrow activity. Six @entity1 with @entity221 of unknown origin showed true negative scans. There were no false negative scans. We conclude that only the leukocyte scan can diagnose the presence and the extent, including @entity292 , of vascular graft @entity281 . The three phase technique is recommended to localize the blood pool in the 30 min scan and to diagnose complications 24 h p.i. In cases of a negative 30 min scan and positive 4 h and 24 h scans, false positive results should be suspected. All @entity281 have a leukocyte uptake index higher than 1.2.

title: The 111In-granulocyte scan in prosthetic vascular graft XXXX : imaging technique and results.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Female birds may adjust their offspring phenotype to the specific requirements of the environment by differential allocation of physiologically active substances into yolks, such as @entity3800 . Yolk @entity3800 have been shown to accelerate embryonic development, growth rate and competitive ability of nestlings, but they can also entail immunological costs. The balance between costs and benefits of @entity342 allocation is expected to depend on nestling environment. We tested this hypothesis in a multibrooded passerine, the spotless starling, Sturnus unicolor. We experimentally manipulated yolk @entity342 levels using a between-brood design and evaluated its effects on nestling development, survival and immune function. Both in first and replacement broods, the embryonic development period was shorter for @entity342 -treated chicks than controls, but there were no differences in second broods. In replacement broods, @entity342 -treated chicks were heavier and larger than those hatched from control eggs, but this effect was not observed in the other breeding attempts. @entity342 exposure reduced survival with respect to controls only in second broods. Regarding immune function, we detected nonsignificant trends for @entity342 treatment to activate two important components of innate and adaptive immunity ( @entity650 and @entity7571 levels, respectively). Similarly, @entity342 -treated chicks showed greater lymphocyte proliferation than controls in the first brood and an opposite trend in the second brood. Our results indicate that yolk @entity342 effects on nestling development and immunity depend on the environmental conditions of each breeding attempt. Variation in maternal @entity342 allocation to eggs could be explained as the result of context-dependent optimal strategies to maximize offspring fitness.

title: Context-dependent effects of yolk XXXX on nestling growth and immune function in a multibrooded passerine.

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

answer: @entity3800 :: (MESH:D000728,Chemical) :: ['androgens']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The use of cross-sectional imaging is important to characterise @entity29 [ @entity29 ] activity, extent, and location and to exclude complications, regardless of symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of routine use of sonography in the management of @entity29 . METHODS: A total of 49 @entity1 with @entity30 were prospectively evaluated. Clinical symptoms (Harvey-Bradshaw Index [HBI]), disease character, serological markers of inflammation [C-reactive protein], and endoscopic evaluation were collected and reviewed by two independent @entity29 -specialty physicians. Clinical decisions regarding management were recorded. A separate, blinded physician then performed bowel ultrasound [US] and graded disease activity:] as inactive, mild, or active. A second blinded physician read and graded a sub-set of the US images. Clinical decisions of both @entity29 -physicians after US were independently recorded. Changes in clinical management following US information and inter-rater agreement on US disease activity parameters were evaluated. The concordance between US, CRP and clinical symptoms [HBI] were analysed. Follow-up data after US evaluation were collected. RESULTS: Clinical decisions were changed after ultrasound assessment in 30/49 [60%] and 28/48 [58%] of cases, for each physician respectively [p < 0.0001 for each]. Many [59%] of the @entity1 seen in clinic were asymptomatic with an HBI of 3 or less [n = 29]; however, 52% [n = 15] of these had active disease found on US, resulting in alterations in clinical management. The agreement in overall score between the US reviewers was good,    = 0.749 [0.5814, 0.9180], p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Clinic-based point of care US can play a significant role in guiding therapeutic management and is an important adjunct to routine clinical and laboratory assessment.

title: Clinic-based Point of Care Transabdominal Ultrasound for Monitoring XXXX : Impact on Clinical Decision Making.

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: CONTEXT: Hyperglucagonemia is a characteristic feature of type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) that has been postulated to be due to beta-cell dysfunction and the resultant loss of insulin-mediated alpha-cell suppression. When administered in early T2DM, short-term @entity1720 ( @entity1720 ) can improve beta-cell function, resulting in reduced glycemic variability. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of @entity1720 on hyperglucagonemia, and its associations with beta-cell function and glycemic variability. Design/Setting/ @entity1 /Intervention: Sixty-two @entity1 with T2DM of mean 3.0  2.1 years duration and A1c 6.8  0.7% underwent 4 weeks of @entity1720 , consisting of basal detemir and pre-meal insulin aspart. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Glucagon response was measured by area-under-the-glucagon-curve (AUCglucagon) on oral @entity413 tolerance test at baseline and one day post- @entity1720 . Beta-cell function before and after @entity1720 was assessed by Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2) and   ISR0-120/  @entity413 0-120*Matsuda index (where ISR is the prehepatic insulin secretion rate determined by C-peptide deconvolution). @entity413 variability was assessed in both the first and last week by the coefficient of variation of capillary @entity413 on daily 6-point self-monitoring profiles. RESULTS: Both ISSI-2 and   ISR0-120/  @entity413 0-120*Matsuda index demonstrated improvement in beta-cell function following @entity1720 (both p <=0.02), accompanied by reduced glycemic variability (p=0.05). There was a marked reduction in AUCglucagon following @entity1720 , as compared to baseline (p<0.001). However, the decrease in AUCglucagon was not associated with the change in either beta-cell measure (both p>= 0.34) or in @entity413 variability (p=0.37). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity1720 can reduce post-challenge hyperglucagonemia in early T2DM but this effect does not appear to be due to improved beta-cell function.

title: Effect of Short-term Intensive Insulin Therapy on Post-challenge Hyperglucagonemia in Early Type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['IIT', 'intensive insulin therapy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: AIM: To identify morphologic factors affecting aortic expansion in @entity1 with uncomplicated type B aortic dissections. METHODS: Computed tomography data of 24 @entity1 (18 male; median age: 61 years), diagnosed with acute uncomplicated type B aortic dissections between 2002 and 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 had at least two computed tomography angiography scans and six months of uneventful follow-up. Computed tomography scans were assessed by two independent readers with regard to presence and number of entry tears. @entity1514 and abdominal aortic diameters were derived using image processing software. RESULTS: Twenty-two of 24 @entity1 showed aortic expansion over a median computed tomography angiographic follow-up of 33.2 months. Annual rates showed an increase of 1.7   mm for total aortic diameter, 2.1   mm for the false and a decrease of -0.4   mm for the true lumen. In three @entity1 (12.5%), aortic diameter exceeded 60   mm during follow-up, and all three @entity1 underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair. @entity1 with a maximum aortic diameter <4   cm at baseline showed a significantly higher expansion rate compared to cases with an initial maximum aortic diameter of >= 4   cm (p=0.0471). A median of two entries (range: 1-5) was recognized per @entity1 . Presence of more than two entry tears (n   =   13) was associated with faster overall diameter expansion (mean annual rates: 2.18   mm vs. 1.16   mm; p   =   0.4556), and decrease of the cross-sectional surface of the true lumen over time (annual rate for   >   2 entries vs.  <=2 entries: -7.8   mm(2) vs. +37.5   mm(2); p   =   0.0369). Median size of entry tears was 12   mm (range: 2-53   mm). CONCLUSIONS: The results presented herein suggest that uncomplicated @entity1580 @entity1 with more than two entry tears and/or an initial maximum aortic diameter of<4 cm are at risk for @entity384 and, therefore, may require stricter follow-up including the possible need for early intervention.

title: Morphologic predictors of aortic expansion in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type B aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type B aortic dissection']


abstract: 98 perforated @entity10189 are studied. The overall mortality rate is low (8 per cent), but much higher in elderly, debilitated @entity1 (42 per cent), who must undergo surgery immediately. The time elapsed between the last meal and the onset of @entity158 between the onset of @entity158 and admission to the hospital have no direct influence on the immediate results. These depend especially on the clinical status of the @entity1 on admission and on the quality of repeated clinical examinations. The early criteria for necessity of surgical treatment (20 per cent) are determined; the prognosis is not worse if the operation is performed after a few hours of @entity1173 . Immediate success does not eliminate the risk of @entity177 (5 per cent). The aim of Taylor's method is treatment of possibly lethal perforation: treatment of the @entity1066 is carried out later after a complete clinical workup. "Acute" @entity1066 are treated medically, "chronic" ones by radical surgery. 28 out of 43 @entity1 treated medically and followed up on the average 6 years later have a good or very good result. This study confirms the usefulness of Taylor's method in the treatment of perforated @entity1066 because this method is simple, and often successful (70 per cent). By Taylor's method, followed by a properly managed medical treatment, a large number of @entity1 definitely avoid surgical treatment.

title: [The Taylor method in the treatment of perforated XXXX : is it really obsolete?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['deferred failure']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['gastroduodenal ulcers']


abstract: Natural immunity to dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) antigen was assessed in a population of 63 adults with a clinical diagnosis of @entity102 . Immunity was determined by measuring immediate hypersensitivity to an intracutaneous injection of dust mite antigen, mite-specific serum IgG concentrations using a double antibody ELISA, and mite-specific serum IgE concentrations by RAST. Using these tests, 68% of the @entity748 @entity1 exhibited a positive skin test; 38% had elevated concentrations of mite-specific IgE, and 63% had elevated concentrations of mite-specific IgG. In contrast, when analyzed individually, these tests were positive in only 10 to 11% of normal subjects or @entity1 with @entity1030 . Only 10% of asthmatics had elevated serum concentrations of mite-specific antibodies of the IgG4 subclass. The @entity748 @entity1 could be subdivided into 4 groups based on their immunologic reactivity to dust mites; 24% of the @entity1 had elevated concentrations of mite-specific IgG in the absence of allergic reactivity to mites (skin test). A second subgroup (27%) exhibited allergic reactivity in the absence of elevated concentrations of mite-specific serum IgG. A third subgroup (41%) consisted of @entity1 who exhibited both allergic reactivity and elevated IgG concentrations. The smallest subgroup (8%) consisted of @entity1 with no measurable immunity to mites. In total, 94% of the @entity748 group exhibited a positive immune response to at least one of the dust-mite-specific tests, whereas only 26% of the normal subjects could be considered to be immune using the criteria of a positive reaction in at least 1 of the 3 tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Natural immunity to dust mites in adults with XXXX . I. Mite-specific serum IgG and IgE.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic asthma']


abstract: Antral biopsies were obtained to detect @entity1534 infection in 382 @entity1 referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four @entity1 (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological @entity3621 (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral @entity3621 and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal @entity1066 following colloidal @entity26586 (CBS) is due to suppression of @entity1534 we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing @entity1534 . Seventy four infected @entity1 were prospectively assigned to therapy with @entity4140 (11 @entity1 ) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 @entity1 ); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 @entity1 ); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 @entity1 ); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 @entity1 ). All @entity1 treated with @entity4140 and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 @entity1 taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) @entity1 taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological @entity3621 was observed only in those @entity1 apparently cleared of @entity1534 (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine @entity1 apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of @entity1534 may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of XXXX @entity3621 : a pilot study using @entity4140 ( @entity4140 ) and three formulations of colloidal @entity26586 ( @entity26586 ).

entities_list: @entity26586 :: ('MESH:C002791', 'Chemical') :: ['bismuth subcitrate']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['C pylori', 'Campylobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Campylobacter pylori']


abstract: Antral biopsies were obtained to detect @entity1534 infection in 382 @entity1 referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four @entity1 (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological @entity3621 (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral @entity3621 and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal @entity1066 following colloidal @entity26586 (CBS) is due to suppression of @entity1534 we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing @entity1534 . Seventy four infected @entity1 were prospectively assigned to therapy with @entity4140 (11 @entity1 ) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 @entity1 ); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 @entity1 ); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 @entity1 ); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 @entity1 ). All @entity1 treated with @entity4140 and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 @entity1 taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) @entity1 taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological @entity3621 was observed only in those @entity1 apparently cleared of @entity1534 (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine @entity1 apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of @entity1534 may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of @entity1534 XXXX : a pilot study using @entity4140 ( @entity4140 ) and three formulations of colloidal @entity26586 ( @entity26586 ).

answer: @entity3621 :: (MESH:D005756,Disease) :: ['gastritis']


abstract: Antral biopsies were obtained to detect @entity1534 infection in 382 @entity1 referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four @entity1 (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological @entity3621 (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral @entity3621 and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal @entity1066 following colloidal @entity26586 (CBS) is due to suppression of @entity1534 we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing @entity1534 . Seventy four infected @entity1 were prospectively assigned to therapy with @entity4140 (11 @entity1 ) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 @entity1 ); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 @entity1 ); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 @entity1 ); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 @entity1 ). All @entity1 treated with @entity4140 and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 @entity1 taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) @entity1 taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological @entity3621 was observed only in those @entity1 apparently cleared of @entity1534 (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine @entity1 apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of @entity1534 may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of @entity1534 @entity3621 : a pilot study using @entity4140 ( @entity4140 ) and three formulations of colloidal XXXX ( @entity26586 ).

answer: @entity26586 :: (MESH:C002791,Chemical) :: ['bismuth subcitrate']


abstract: Antral biopsies were obtained to detect @entity1534 infection in 382 @entity1 referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four @entity1 (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological @entity3621 (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral @entity3621 and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal @entity1066 following colloidal @entity26586 (CBS) is due to suppression of @entity1534 we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing @entity1534 . Seventy four infected @entity1 were prospectively assigned to therapy with @entity4140 (11 @entity1 ) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 @entity1 ); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 @entity1 ); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 @entity1 ); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 @entity1 ). All @entity1 treated with @entity4140 and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 @entity1 taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) @entity1 taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological @entity3621 was observed only in those @entity1 apparently cleared of @entity1534 (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine @entity1 apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of @entity1534 may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of @entity1534 @entity3621 : a pilot study using @entity4140 ( @entity4140 ) and three formulations of colloidal @entity26586 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity26586 :: (MESH:C002791,Chemical) :: ['De-Nol']


abstract: Antral biopsies were obtained to detect @entity1534 infection in 382 @entity1 referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four @entity1 (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological @entity3621 (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral @entity3621 and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal @entity1066 following colloidal @entity26586 (CBS) is due to suppression of @entity1534 we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing @entity1534 . Seventy four infected @entity1 were prospectively assigned to therapy with @entity4140 (11 @entity1 ) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 @entity1 ); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 @entity1 ); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 @entity1 ); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 @entity1 ). All @entity1 treated with @entity4140 and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 @entity1 taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) @entity1 taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological @entity3621 was observed only in those @entity1 apparently cleared of @entity1534 (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine @entity1 apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of @entity1534 may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of @entity1534 @entity3621 : a pilot study using XXXX ( @entity4140 ) and three formulations of colloidal @entity26586 ( @entity26586 ).

answer: @entity4140 :: (MESH:D010890,Chemical) :: ['pirenzepine dihydrochloride']


abstract: Antral biopsies were obtained to detect @entity1534 infection in 382 @entity1 referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four @entity1 (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological @entity3621 (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral @entity3621 and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal @entity1066 following colloidal @entity26586 (CBS) is due to suppression of @entity1534 we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing @entity1534 . Seventy four infected @entity1 were prospectively assigned to therapy with @entity4140 (11 @entity1 ) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 @entity1 ); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 @entity1 ); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 @entity1 ); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 @entity1 ). All @entity1 treated with @entity4140 and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 @entity1 taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) @entity1 taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological @entity3621 was observed only in those @entity1 apparently cleared of @entity1534 (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine @entity1 apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of @entity1534 may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of @entity1534 @entity3621 : a pilot study using @entity4140 ( XXXX ) and three formulations of colloidal @entity26586 ( @entity26586 ).

answer: @entity4140 :: (MESH:D010890,Chemical) :: ['Gastrozepin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity328 is a leading cause of @entity55 and one of the most common causes of @entity204 globally. The impact of @entity2260 on host molecular processes that lead to detrimental pulmonary consequences is not fully understood. Here, we show that @entity2260 induces toxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in @entity1 alveolar epithelial cells, as indicated by @entity1129 mutated kinase (ATM)-dependent phosphorylation of histone H2AX and colocalization with p53-binding protein ( @entity15664 ). Furthermore, results show that DNA damage occurs in a bacterial contact-independent fashion and that @entity328 @entity2388 oxidase (SpxB), which enables synthesis of @entity5568 , plays a critical role in inducing DSBs. The extent of DNA damage correlates with the extent of apoptosis, and DNA damage precedes apoptosis, which is consistent with the time required for execution of apoptosis. Furthermore, addition of catalase, which neutralizes @entity5568 , greatly suppresses @entity2260 -induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Importantly, @entity2260 induces DSBs in the lungs of animals with @entity697 , and @entity5568 production by @entity2260 in vivo contributes to its genotoxicity and virulence. One of the major DSBs repair pathways is nonhomologous end joining for which Ku70/80 is essential for repair. We find that deficiency of Ku80 causes an increase in the levels of DSBs and apoptosis, underscoring the importance of DNA repair in preventing @entity2260 -induced genotoxicity. Taken together, this study shows that @entity2260 -induced damage to the host cell genome exacerbates its @entity137 and pathogenesis, making DNA repair a potentially important susceptibility factor in @entity1 who suffer from @entity55 .

title: XXXX secretes hydrogen peroxide leading to DNA damage and apoptosis in lung cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: To our knowledge, there is no previous clinical description in the literature of @entity1 with @entity1163 . We evaluated 20 @entity1 with this disorder who were a subgroup of a larger, prospective study of @entity1163 , 13 @entity1 and seven @entity1 , with a mean age of 59 years. Eleven @entity1 had had one episode and nine had experienced multiple episodes. Fourteen @entity1 were recumbent before the urge to defecate, nine of these asleep. The diagnostic evaluation disclosed that two @entity1 had gastrointestinal tract problems, three had @entity299 , and one had transient @entity63 attacks. Three additional @entity1 had marked @entity551 . No identifiable cause for @entity1163 was found in 11 @entity1 , but new medical problems were noted in four of those @entity1 . In follow-up at two years, @entity1163 had recurred in ten @entity1 , but the majority of recurrences were unassociated with defecation. Seven @entity1 died during the follow-up period of underlying @entity102 . We conclude that @entity1163 is not a single distinct clinical entity. Multiple pathologic abnormalities in association with physiologic changes during sleep and defecation may contribute to @entity1163 . @entity1 with @entity1163 undergo a careful evaluation for diagnosis of underlying illness causing @entity1163 .

title: XXXX . A symptom with multiple etiologies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'defecation syncope', 'defecation syncope should']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['Defecation syncope']


abstract: From July 1980 to November 1985, 109 @entity1 with acute myelogenous and @entity981 who had reached a complete remission (CR) following induction treatment were assigned to a study comparing marrow transplantation with chemotherapy as a postremission treatment. Sixty-nine @entity1 did not have a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical donor, and therefore served as chemotherapy controls; 40 @entity1 had HLA-identical donors, and therefore were assigned to the transplant arm. Of these, 23 were transplanted in first remission and 17 were not. Ten of these 17 were subsequently transplanted in relapse. Initially, only @entity1 with poor prognosis determined by a predictive model were entered into the study. Subsequently, @entity1 with moderately poor prognosis were admitted. Comparing the chemotherapy group with the @entity1 transplanted in first CR, significant control of @entity1778 relapse in transplanted @entity1 was seen in the subgroup with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) (P less than .1), and @entity981 ( @entity981 ) (P less than .01), in the poor (P = .01) and intermediate subgroup (P = .01), and in the good-prognostic groups (P = .05). The survival was affected significantly in only the poor and intermediate subgroups. The use of predictive models might help to select @entity1 for whom bone marrow transplantation is appropriate in first remission and those for whom bone marrow transplantation can be left as the initial treatment of relapse. Predictive models could further be helpful in comparing studies performed at different transplant centers.

title: A comparison of marrow transplantation with chemotherapy for adults with XXXX of poor prognosis in first complete remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic leukemia', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: The authors present an in-depth clinical, radiographic, and pathologic analysis of a 62-year-old @entity1 with massive bone reabsorption around the proximal femur in a @entity572 ( @entity572 ). The @entity572 was revised 13 years after implantation. Thirty millimeters of calcar resorption was noted radiographically. Evidence of stem bending was present on examination of the femoral implant, and marked wear of the acetabular cup was noted. The pathologic evaluation of removed calcar bone and cement revealed a histiocytic mass invading the bone. Intracellular and extracellular @entity10256 debris was noted within the invasive mass. Evidence of fragmented @entity3677 cement was also present. The bone-cement interface in the excised calcar region contained segments that showed active bone remodelling around the cement without an interposed membrane. It is possible that this case of calcar resorption began with histiocytic activation and recruitment by @entity691 wear debris followed by active bone lysis. The process may be perpetuated by the fragmentation of cement, as motion occurred at the calcar bone-cement interface, and may represent an extreme example of a process occurring in cases of calcar resorption in general.

title: 14-year follow-up study of a XXXX with massive calcar resorption. A case report.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity10256 :: ('CHEBI:53551', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylene']

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmethacrylate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors for mortality in nonagenarians with @entity2249 and clarity the relationships between risk factors and postoperative mortality. METHODS: For this retrospective study, a total of 197 @entity1 with consecutive isolated nonpathologic @entity173 undergoing hemiarthroplasty were recruited. There were 64 males and 133 females with an age range of 70 years or above. They were divided into three age groups: A, 70-79 years; B, 80-89 years; and C, >=  90 years. A retrospective chart review was conducted to compare these groups in terms of age, gender, nutritional status, blood albumin, total lymphocyte count, hemoglobin levels at admission, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) rating of operative risk and time period between injury and surgery. RESULTS: Among them, 14 @entity1 died within 1 year. There was one in-hospital death and 13 @entity1 died during follow-ups. The mortality rates of groups A, B and C were (n = 3, 3.9%), (n = 5, 7.2%) and (n = 6, 24.0%). The ASA scores were III (n = 9) and IV (n = 4). And 13 @entity1 had a preoperative blood albumin level < 35 g/L while 11 @entity1 showed a preoperative lymphocyte count level < 1 500 cells/ml. The mortality rates were similar in groups A and B but were significantly lower than that of group C. CONCLUSION: The nonagenarians have a significantly higher mortality. And lower lymphocyte count, nonagenarian, > 2 comorbidities, high ASA score, low blood albumin level and low hemoglobin levels at admission are significant factors for assessing 1-year mortality in elders with @entity2249 .

title: [Risk factors for mortality in nonagenarians with XXXX undergoing joint replacement].

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fractures']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies of @entity8933 ( @entity8934 ) were performed in neonates. 1. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion of @entity8934 were investigated in 12 neonates ranging ages from 1 to 27 days (gestational age, 35-41 weeks; birth weight, 2,150-4,030 g) and 2 @entity1 ranging ages from 55 to 57 days (gestational age, 39-40 weeks; birth weight, 2,320-2,650 g). Each of the subjects was given a single intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg by one shot. Serum concentrations of @entity8934 in the neonates were 24.9-53.7 micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour after intravenous injection, with an average of 40.6 +/- 7.6 micrograms/ml. Serum half-lives of @entity8934 were 1.32-4.75 hours and averaged 2.60 +/- 1.06 hours. Serum concentrations ranged from 2.01 to 14.6 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after injection with an average of 7.70 +/- 3.89 micrograms/ml. In the 2 infants, serum concentrations were 42.0 and 46.2 micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour (average: 44.1 +/- 3.0 micrograms/ml), and 2.91 and 5.04 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after injection (average: 3.98 +/- 1.51 micrograms/ml). Half-lives were 1.54 hours in 1 @entity1 and 1.93 hours in the other (average: 1.74 +/- 0.28 hours). Furthermore, 6-hour urinary recovery rates were 28.5-71.7% (average: 49.3 +/- 12.8%) in the neonates and 42.1-55.5% (average: 48.8 +/- 9.5%) in the @entity1 . The above results suggest that the following 3 points are accepted; 1) peak serum concentrations (at 1/4 hour) in neonates were similar to those in @entity1 and older @entity1 irrespective of age (days after birth). 2) Serum half-lives of @entity8934 in neonates shortly after birth were 4 or 5 times longer than those in older @entity1 , but decreased rapidly with the advance of day-ages. The half-life in neonates of 2 weeks of age or so became shorter to about twice the normal value in @entity1 . Furthermore, half-lives of the drug in those at an age of the first half of infancy were similar to those in older @entity1 . 3) The urinary excretion rates tended to be somewhat low with neonates soon after birth, but became very similar to those in @entity1 and older @entity1 at a relatively early stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies of XXXX in neonates].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity8933 :: ('MESH:D015296', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftizoxime']

answer: @entity8933 :: (MESH:D015296,Chemical) :: ['ceftizoxime']


abstract: In gene therapy for @entity4670 , treatments during neonate and @entity1 stages are promising. Replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad) vectors have been used in gene therapy studies of @entity74 ; however, the transduction properties of Ad vectors in neonates and @entity1 have not been fully examined. Accordingly, this study examined the properties of Ad vector-mediated transduction in neonatal @entity19 . A first-generation Ad vector containing a cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) promoter-driven luciferase expression cassette was administered to neonatal @entity19 on the second day of life via @entity2694 . The highest Ad vector genome copy numbers and transgene expression were found in the neonatal liver. The neonatal heart exhibited the second highest levels of transgene expression among the organs examined. There was an approximately 1500-fold difference in the transgene expression levels between the adult liver and heart, while the neonatal liver exhibited only an approximately 30-fold higher level of transgene expression than the neonatal heart. A liver-specific promoter for firefly luciferase expression conferred a more than 100-fold higher luciferase expression in the liver relative to the other organs. No apparent hepatotoxicity was observed in neonatal @entity19 following Ad vector administration. These findings should provide valuable information for gene therapy using Ad vectors in neonates and @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of Transduction Properties of an Adenovirus Vector in Neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disorders']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['retro-orbital sinus']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A core-shell structured molecularly imprinted polymer on upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs@ @entity11542 ) was synthesized for the fluorescence (FL) sensing of @entity13136 ( @entity6842 ). Hexagonal UCNPs were synthesized by the solvothermal method, then coated with a thin @entity3440 shell and modified with @entity3324 groups. Finally, surface polymerization was initiated among the @entity3324 groups, the functional monomers and cross-linking agents by the initiator. The @entity11542 synthesized by this procedure was anchored on the surface of UCNPs, possessed better site accessibility and lower transfer resistance for the target molecule compared to bulk imprinted materials. The obtained UCNPs@ @entity11542 showed good binding capacity, fast response, high selectivity and specificity to the @entity6842 . The FL intensity of the UCNPs@ @entity11542 decreased sensitively with the increasing concentration of @entity6842 in the range of 50-700 ng mL(-1), the detection limit was 34 ng mL(-1) (S/N = 3). The UCNPs@ @entity11542 was successfully applied to the detection of @entity6842 in @entity1573 samples. Thanks to the unique near-infrared (NIR) excitation nature of UCNPs, the @entity1573 meat only needed some simple extraction procedures before FL detection, no complex purifications were required. The average recoveries ranged from 96.01% to 98.90%, with @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) below 4.5%. This work offers a novel sensing system that combined the advantages of upconverting nanotechnology and molecularly imprinted technology.

title: A core-shell-structured molecularly imprinted polymer on upconverting nanoparticles for selective and sensitive fluorescence sensing of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['relative standard deviations', 'RSDs']

entities_list: @entity13136 :: ('MESH:D013418', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethazine']

answer: @entity13136 :: (MESH:D013418,Chemical) :: ['sulfamethazine']


abstract: Twelve trials of adjuvant immunotherapy in @entity1 suffering from @entity3052 have been analyzed and compared to results from experimental studies. The analysis presents evidence suggesting that the immune response to @entity1778 cells exists in a state of balance; this appears to be regulated by the dose of antigen and the state of the cells used to immunize the @entity1 . The injection of high doses of live @entity1778 cells produced a significantly prolonged duration of the first remission in in @entity3052 @entity1 . Immunization with high doses of irradiated and dead cells induced some prolongation of the remission phase and survival time, although the percentage of survivors after 3 years was not increased in these groups as compared to non-immunized @entity1 . Immunization by the same route using a 100-fold lower amount of @entity1778 cells afforded no protection against relapse of the disease during the maintenance phase. A few @entity1 even developed the relapse earlier than did @entity1 treated with chemotherapy alone. Our understanding of the immune responses to malignant cells has increased considerably during the past 2 decades due to various observations. The results obtained with active immunotherapy of the @entity3052 @entity1 during the same period agree well with experience from laboratory studies. Thus the results confirm the potential of an immunological interaction between the @entity1778 cells and the @entity1 . Consequently, it seems likely that the addition of immunotherapy to the treatment of @entity1 with @entity3052 might be effective and the tool for maintaining the phase of remission by up-to-date immunological engineering.

title: Immunotherapy in XXXX ( @entity3052 )--a tool for maintaining remission?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['allogeneic leukemia', 'leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myelogeneous leukemia']


abstract: Twelve trials of adjuvant immunotherapy in @entity1 suffering from @entity3052 have been analyzed and compared to results from experimental studies. The analysis presents evidence suggesting that the immune response to @entity1778 cells exists in a state of balance; this appears to be regulated by the dose of antigen and the state of the cells used to immunize the @entity1 . The injection of high doses of live @entity1778 cells produced a significantly prolonged duration of the first remission in in @entity3052 @entity1 . Immunization with high doses of irradiated and dead cells induced some prolongation of the remission phase and survival time, although the percentage of survivors after 3 years was not increased in these groups as compared to non-immunized @entity1 . Immunization by the same route using a 100-fold lower amount of @entity1778 cells afforded no protection against relapse of the disease during the maintenance phase. A few @entity1 even developed the relapse earlier than did @entity1 treated with chemotherapy alone. Our understanding of the immune responses to malignant cells has increased considerably during the past 2 decades due to various observations. The results obtained with active immunotherapy of the @entity3052 @entity1 during the same period agree well with experience from laboratory studies. Thus the results confirm the potential of an immunological interaction between the @entity1778 cells and the @entity1 . Consequently, it seems likely that the addition of immunotherapy to the treatment of @entity1 with @entity3052 might be effective and the tool for maintaining the phase of remission by up-to-date immunological engineering.

title: Immunotherapy in @entity3052 ( XXXX )--a tool for maintaining remission?

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antidepressants may have an impact on the course of eye dryness. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of commonly used new antidepressants on eye wetting. Fifty-four @entity1 using new antidepressants and 57 controls were recruited. The Beck Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Scale questionnaires were completed by the @entity1 , and drug use time and dosages were recorded. The Schirmer test was performed without prior instillation of topical anesthesia to the ocular surface, and the wetting result was recorded for each eye. @entity837 , @entity4480 , and @entity906 were used by 27, 13, and 14 @entity1 , respectively. The Schirmer test results in the @entity1 were significantly lower than in the controls (P < 0.001). The @entity1 using selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) displayed lower wetting measurements ( <=5 mm) compared with those using @entity750 - @entity1063 reuptake inhibitors, which was independent of the duration of antidepressant usage (P < 0.05). Although SSRIs do not have anticholinergic adverse effects except @entity903 , we found that both SSRIs and @entity750 - @entity1063 reuptake inhibitors increased the risk for eye dryness. The lower Schirmer test results of the SSRIs may be associated with a mechanism other than the anticholinergic system. An awareness of the drugs that contribute to @entity936 will allow ophthalmologists, optometrists, and other physicians to better manage @entity1 who have this problem.

title: XXXX Related to Commonly Used New Antidepressants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['Escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['Dry Eye']


abstract: It is well known that LH and @entity1 @entity1465 ( @entity1465 ) induce an @entity2670 . The effect of LH/ @entity1465 on luteal blood flow, however, is unknown. This work studies the effect of @entity1465 on both @entity43 at different stages of pseudopregnancy in adult female @entity35 . Pseudopregnancy was induced by mating with sterile male @entity35 . The length of pseudopregnancy was 13 +/- 1 days and, during this time, blood flow was measured by the injection of radioactive microspheres during anesthesia. At autopsy, the corpora lutea were identified and extirpated under a stereomicroscope. These, and the remaining ovary, were then counted for radioactivity and the blood flow was calculated. @entity1420 levels were determined in plasma and ovarian tissues. Furthermore, the responsiveness of @entity1920 cyclase was tested in ovarian tissues at day 6 of pseudopregnancy. An intraarterial injection of @entity1465 (50 IU) or vehicle (saline) was given 20 min before the blood flow determinations in anesthetized @entity35 . The luteal blood flow was not changed by @entity1465 on days 2, 6, and 11 of pseudopregnancy, whereas in the remaining ovary the blood flow increased more than 2-fold, thereby resulting in redistribution of the blood flow. Ten micrograms of NIH-LH-B9, tested at day 6 of pseudopregnancy, mimicked the effect of @entity1465 . At day 6 of pseudopregnancy, @entity1465 (50 IU) was given ip to conscious @entity35 200 min and 24 h before blood flow determinations. At 200 min after @entity1465 there was a more pronounced redistribution of ovarian blood flow with a 45% reduction in luteal blood flow and a 4-fold increase in flow through the remaining ovary. LH as well as @entity1465 doubled the @entity1420 content of the remaining ovary. In the corpora lutea an increased @entity1420 content was seen after 200 min of @entity1465 exposure. At 24 h after @entity1465 injection, all parameters had returned to control levels except that @entity1920 cyclase was nonresponsive. The increase in the total ovarian blood flow coincides with the increased steroidogenesis and these effects are likely due to release of metabolites and/or vasoactive substances. Despite this increase, the blood flow of the corpus luteum was not increased rendering vascular mechanisms unlikely as a part of the acute LH/ @entity1465 effects on corpus luteum of pseudopregnancy.

title: Redistribution of ovarian blood flow after injection of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone in the adult pseudopregnant @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['luteal and ovarian blood flows']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['increase in total ovarian blood flow']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: It is well known that LH and @entity1 @entity1465 ( @entity1465 ) induce an @entity2670 . The effect of LH/ @entity1465 on luteal blood flow, however, is unknown. This work studies the effect of @entity1465 on both @entity43 at different stages of pseudopregnancy in adult female @entity35 . Pseudopregnancy was induced by mating with sterile male @entity35 . The length of pseudopregnancy was 13 +/- 1 days and, during this time, blood flow was measured by the injection of radioactive microspheres during anesthesia. At autopsy, the corpora lutea were identified and extirpated under a stereomicroscope. These, and the remaining ovary, were then counted for radioactivity and the blood flow was calculated. @entity1420 levels were determined in plasma and ovarian tissues. Furthermore, the responsiveness of @entity1920 cyclase was tested in ovarian tissues at day 6 of pseudopregnancy. An intraarterial injection of @entity1465 (50 IU) or vehicle (saline) was given 20 min before the blood flow determinations in anesthetized @entity35 . The luteal blood flow was not changed by @entity1465 on days 2, 6, and 11 of pseudopregnancy, whereas in the remaining ovary the blood flow increased more than 2-fold, thereby resulting in redistribution of the blood flow. Ten micrograms of NIH-LH-B9, tested at day 6 of pseudopregnancy, mimicked the effect of @entity1465 . At day 6 of pseudopregnancy, @entity1465 (50 IU) was given ip to conscious @entity35 200 min and 24 h before blood flow determinations. At 200 min after @entity1465 there was a more pronounced redistribution of ovarian blood flow with a 45% reduction in luteal blood flow and a 4-fold increase in flow through the remaining ovary. LH as well as @entity1465 doubled the @entity1420 content of the remaining ovary. In the corpora lutea an increased @entity1420 content was seen after 200 min of @entity1465 exposure. At 24 h after @entity1465 injection, all parameters had returned to control levels except that @entity1920 cyclase was nonresponsive. The increase in the total ovarian blood flow coincides with the increased steroidogenesis and these effects are likely due to release of metabolites and/or vasoactive substances. Despite this increase, the blood flow of the corpus luteum was not increased rendering vascular mechanisms unlikely as a part of the acute LH/ @entity1465 effects on corpus luteum of pseudopregnancy.

title: Redistribution of ovarian blood flow after injection of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone in the adult pseudopregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Treatment and supervision of @entity302 @entity1 is part of specialist medicine. A possible change in the role of specialists and general practitioners in the care of these @entity1 was explored by a questionnaire mailed to all Dutch neurologists and a random sample of general practitioners. @entity1 were also asked their opinion. The real situation was studied in a group of @entity1 retrieved from the registers of general practitioners. Demographic, psychosocial, and @entity302 characteristics were sampled. Specialists tend not to want a change in their role; general practitioners desire a change. At present, @entity1 do not want a change, but in future a change might be acceptable to them. More @entity1 than expected were supervised by their general practitioner only. Their demographic and psychosocial characteristics did not differ from those in the population at large. @entity302 characteristics corresponded with those in other studies.

title: XXXX in general practice: the Dutch situation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: Ring-necked @entity4186 (Aythya collaris) were administered a single lead shot by gastric intubation. At weekly intervals over a 7-week period, the birds were weighed and blood samples obtained for measurement of hematocrit, free erythrocyte @entity7888 (FEP), blood lead and @entity8454 dehydratase (delta- @entity73106 ) activity. The birds were fluoroscoped weekly to ensure that the pellets had been retained. Blood lead concentrations peaked 1 week after dosing at a concentration of 7.75 micrograms/ml and then fell to control levels by Week 4. FEP concentrations in the treated @entity4186 also peaked 1 week after dosing at levels which were roughly 1200% of control concentrations. The return of FEP concentrations to normal paralleled blood lead. @entity73106 activity was inhibited by approximately 85% by Week 1; however, there was a gradual but steady recovery of @entity73106 activity through Week 7. Four of the treated birds died within 2 to 3 weeks of lead administration. Physical signs of @entity137 were maximal 7 to 10 days postdosing and included @entity2055 , loss of body weight, impaction of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and bile green @entity294 . In surviving birds, overt signs of @entity137 declined with time and all birds appeared normal by Week 7.

title: Experimental XXXX in the ring-necked @entity4186 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'lead toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity7888 :: ('CHEBI:15430', 'Chemical') :: ['protoporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['delta-aminolevulinic acid']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['lead toxicity']


abstract: Ring-necked @entity4186 (Aythya collaris) were administered a single lead shot by gastric intubation. At weekly intervals over a 7-week period, the birds were weighed and blood samples obtained for measurement of hematocrit, free erythrocyte @entity7888 (FEP), blood lead and @entity8454 dehydratase (delta- @entity73106 ) activity. The birds were fluoroscoped weekly to ensure that the pellets had been retained. Blood lead concentrations peaked 1 week after dosing at a concentration of 7.75 micrograms/ml and then fell to control levels by Week 4. FEP concentrations in the treated @entity4186 also peaked 1 week after dosing at levels which were roughly 1200% of control concentrations. The return of FEP concentrations to normal paralleled blood lead. @entity73106 activity was inhibited by approximately 85% by Week 1; however, there was a gradual but steady recovery of @entity73106 activity through Week 7. Four of the treated birds died within 2 to 3 weeks of lead administration. Physical signs of @entity137 were maximal 7 to 10 days postdosing and included @entity2055 , loss of body weight, impaction of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and bile green @entity294 . In surviving birds, overt signs of @entity137 declined with time and all birds appeared normal by Week 7.

title: Experimental @entity137 in the ring-necked XXXX .

answer: @entity4186 :: (8839,Species) :: ['duck']


abstract: Intraocular pressure was artificially raised to 60--70 mmHg in 7 albino @entity95 for periods of 15 minutes to 4 hours. The corneal endothelium of these eyes was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A correlation between exposure time to elevated IOP, clinical signs observed by slit-lamp examination, and extent of @entity16 is clearly shown. In eyes exposed to high pressure for 15 and 30 minutes corneas remained transparent and only minimal changes could be detected by SEM, which consisted of small areas of cell with unevenness of their surface, occasional cellular @entity397 , and diminution of cilia and microvilli. After 1--2 hours of exposure small, solitary corneal opacifications appeared. In these eyes more severe morphological changes affecting larger areas were observed, with additional cellular blebbing, excariocytosis, cellular rupture, disintegration, and disappearance seen in SEM. Thin sections revealed swelling of mitochondria, disorganisation of endoplasmic reticulum, and the existence of myelin bodies. In eyes exposed for 3 and 4 hours to high IOP corneal haziness, implying stromal @entity4 , appeared. In these eyes the areas affected were larger, the extent of damage being more severe. Many areas were bare of endothelium, surrounded by scattered cellular debris, and showed cells with ballooning surfaces and multiple @entity397 . Even in severe cellular damage cellular junctions appeared intact. It is assumed that endothelial cells are more sensitive to IOP elevation than the cellular junctions and that @entity66 is responsible for the resultant corneal @entity4 .

title: Corneal endothelial changes under induced intraocular pressure elevation: a scanning and transmission electron microscopic study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the active pump system due to morphological damage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['morphological damage']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: @entity130 is impaired in @entity6 , resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Neutrophils are the main leukocytes involved in the early phase of healing. As part of their anti-microbial defense, neutrophils form extracellular traps (NETs) by releasing decondensed chromatin lined with cytotoxic proteins. NETs, however, can also induce tissue damage. Here we show that neutrophils isolated from type 1 and type 2 @entity6 @entity1 and @entity19 were primed to produce NETs (a process termed NETosis). Expression of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4, encoded by @entity73107 in @entity19 ), an enzyme important in chromatin decondensation, was elevated in neutrophils from individuals with @entity6 . When subjected to excisional skin wounds, @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 produced large quantities of NETs in wounds, but this was not observed in @entity73107 (-/-) @entity19 . In @entity6 @entity19 , higher levels of citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit, a NET marker) were found in their wounds than in normoglycemic @entity19 and healing was delayed. @entity130 was accelerated in @entity73107 (-/-) @entity19 as compared to @entity164 @entity19 , and it was not compromised by @entity6 . @entity9828 , which disrupts NETs, accelerated wound healing in @entity6 and normoglycemic @entity164 @entity19 . Thus, NETs impair wound healing, particularly in @entity6 , in which neutrophils are more susceptible to NETosis. Inhibiting NETosis or cleaving NETs may improve wound healing and reduce NET-driven chronic @entity32 in @entity6 .

title: XXXX primes neutrophils to undergo NETosis, which impairs wound healing.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Wound healing']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In neuro-oncology, the biology of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been pursued in two ways: as @entity5 -initiating cells (TICs) and as a potential cell-based vehicle for gene therapy. NSCs as well as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to possess @entity5 tropism capacities. However, there is little data on the migratory capacity of MSCs toward @entity1313 -initiating cells (BTICs). This study focuses on the ability of @entity1 adipose tissue derived MSCs (hAT-MSCs) to target BTICs and their crosstalk in the microenvironment. BTICs were isolated from three different types of @entity1313 . The migration capacities of hAT-MSCs toward BTICs were examined using an in vitro migration assay and in vivo bioluminescence imaging analysis. To investigate the crosstalk between hAT-MSCs and BTICs, we analyzed the mRNA expression patterns of cyto-chemokine receptors by RT-qPCR and the protein level of their ligands in co-cultured medium. The candidate cyto-chemokine receptors were selectively inhibited using siRNAs. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that hAT-MSCs possess migratory abilities to target BTICs isolated from @entity2946 , atypical @entity5606 ( @entity1129 /RT) and @entity463 . Different types of cyto-chemokines are involved in the crosstalk between hAT-MSCs and BTICs ( @entity2946 and @entity1129 /RT: @entity436 / @entity1570 , @entity5075 / @entity5737 , @entity10497 / @entity650 and IL8R/ @entity687 ; @entity463 : @entity436 / @entity1570 , @entity10497 / @entity650 , IL8R/ @entity687 and @entity2856 / @entity442 ). Our findings demonstrated the migratory ability of hAT-MSCs for BTICs, implying the potential use of MSCs as a delivery vehicle for gene therapy. This study also confirmed the expression of hAT-MSCs cytokine receptors and the BTIC ligands that play roles in their crosstalk.

title: @entity1 Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Target XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['teratoid/rhabdoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain Tumor-Initiating Cells']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In neuro-oncology, the biology of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been pursued in two ways: as @entity5 -initiating cells (TICs) and as a potential cell-based vehicle for gene therapy. NSCs as well as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to possess @entity5 tropism capacities. However, there is little data on the migratory capacity of MSCs toward @entity1313 -initiating cells (BTICs). This study focuses on the ability of @entity1 adipose tissue derived MSCs (hAT-MSCs) to target BTICs and their crosstalk in the microenvironment. BTICs were isolated from three different types of @entity1313 . The migration capacities of hAT-MSCs toward BTICs were examined using an in vitro migration assay and in vivo bioluminescence imaging analysis. To investigate the crosstalk between hAT-MSCs and BTICs, we analyzed the mRNA expression patterns of cyto-chemokine receptors by RT-qPCR and the protein level of their ligands in co-cultured medium. The candidate cyto-chemokine receptors were selectively inhibited using siRNAs. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that hAT-MSCs possess migratory abilities to target BTICs isolated from @entity2946 , atypical @entity5606 ( @entity1129 /RT) and @entity463 . Different types of cyto-chemokines are involved in the crosstalk between hAT-MSCs and BTICs ( @entity2946 and @entity1129 /RT: @entity436 / @entity1570 , @entity5075 / @entity5737 , @entity10497 / @entity650 and IL8R/ @entity687 ; @entity463 : @entity436 / @entity1570 , @entity10497 / @entity650 , IL8R/ @entity687 and @entity2856 / @entity442 ). Our findings demonstrated the migratory ability of hAT-MSCs for BTICs, implying the potential use of MSCs as a delivery vehicle for gene therapy. This study also confirmed the expression of hAT-MSCs cytokine receptors and the BTIC ligands that play roles in their crosstalk.

title: XXXX Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Target @entity1313 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PRL and GH are stored in @entity291 pituitary secretory granules in part as intermolecular @entity1520 -linked multimers (as many as 50 monomers/oligomer). In vitro incubation of granules with reduced @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) results in the production of monomeric hormones and increased hormone release. We tested the hypothesis that increases in intragranular osmolality due to conversion of oligomers to lower mol wt forms are key to granule rupture. Hormone release was measured after granule incubations in medium made hyperosmotic by the addition of @entity9592 or @entity969 . PRL release at pH 7.8 with 0.7 M @entity9592 was reduced to 43.5% of the control value, whereas GH release ranged from 70-100% of the control value. Augmented release stimulated by 2 mM @entity2197 was also diminished by @entity9592 , to 17.9% (PRL) and 75.6% (GH) of control values. The IC50 for @entity9592 inhibition of PRL release was 0.62 M; this shifted to 0.38 M in the presence of 2 mM @entity2197 . @entity9592 also blunted the granule response to @entity2197 at all other @entity2197 concentrations tested and decreased stimulated release at pH 9 as well as at 7.8. Interference with the ability to maintain an osmotic gradient, a maneuver accomplished by partial disruption of granule membranes with 0.5% @entity6743 treatment, reduced or abolished the @entity9592 inhibition. Molecular sizing of granule fractions on Superose-6 (Pharmacia) indicated that PRL monomers remaining in the pelletable granule fraction increased with @entity9592 about 2-fold under both basal and @entity2197 -stimulated conditions. These data support the concept that @entity1432 :disulfide equilibria may be important in PRL and GH storage and secretion by their influence on intragranular osmolality. In exocytosis in vivo, osmotically mediated granule rupture may be triggered by @entity1433 during granule:plasma membrane fusion.

title: Osmotic pressure regulation of prolactin and growth hormone release from XXXX secretory granules.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity9592 :: ('MESH:D011887', 'Chemical') :: ['raffinose', 'Raffinose']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycholate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']