abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite many studies demonstrating memory and executive impairments in young and old @entity308 @entity1 , the relationships between age, executive functioning and memory have not been evaluated in @entity308 . The aim of this study was to investigate if older @entity1 were more vulnerable than younger @entity1 to the impact of @entity308 on memory and if the differences between young and old @entity308 could be related to executive functioning. METHODS: Forty-nine inpatients, with @entity162 , ranging in age from 19 to 72 years were compared with 70 controls on a verbal memory task. Age cut-off of 45 years was used as a categorical variable to divide subjects into subgroups. A subset of @entity1 (n=41) was also evaluated with the modified version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and separated into a non-dysexecutive group and a group of @entity1 with mild-executive impairment. RESULTS: @entity308 @entity1 exhibited @entity2414 with a pattern of memory failure -- impaired free recall and normal cued recall and recognition -- interpreted as a retrieval problem. Both age and executive function influenced memory performance in @entity308 , however neither group x age interaction nor age x executive status interaction were significant. Multiple regression analysis showed that free recall scores were related to age and @entity1155 in @entity308 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Age and executive functioning have different influences on the memory performance of @entity308 @entity1 . Our findings support an 'executive memory decline hypothesis' in young as well as old @entity308 @entity1 . The @entity2414 in @entity308 may be associated with both trait and state factors and raise questions about the long-term cognitive functioning of @entity1 with recurrent @entity1316 .

title: Influence of age and executive functioning on verbal memory of inpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar and bipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arterial fenestrations are associated with @entity439 that are often difficult to treat with open surgical techniques. We evaluated our experience with endovascular treatment of such @entity439 . METHODS: Ten consecutive @entity1 with 11 basilar @entity438 associated with fenestrations were treated with coils by means of the endovascular route between November 1994 and February 2000. All @entity1 underwent endovascular embolization by the femoral approach, under general anesthesia. Twelve embolization procedures were perfomed in the 10 @entity1 . RESULTS: Nine proximal and two distal basilar @entity438 were treated successfully. The embolization was complete in 10 of the 11 @entity439 . It was incomplete in one case, and complete @entity432 could not be achieved at the second attempt. There was one regrowth at 1-year follow-up, which was successfully treated again. Four of the @entity439 were treated initially with @entity439 with regrowth and one with incomplete @entity432 were treated with balloon remodeling at the second embolization procedure. In one case, one limb of the fenestration was sacrificed. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of basilar @entity438 associated with fenestrations appears to offer advantages over traditional open surgical techniques.

title: Endovascular management of basilar XXXX associated with fenestrations.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['saccular aneurysms', 'aneurysms', 'balloon remodeling, whereas one aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'artery fenestration aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increasing evidence exists that cerebral gray matter (GM) from @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is not spared. This study was performed to quantify in vivo the extent of cerebral GM pathologic abnormality in @entity1 with relapsing-remitting (RR), secondary progressive (SP), and primary progressive @entity15 , by using diffusion tensor (DT) MR imaging. METHODS: Dual-echo and DT MR imaging of the brain were performed in 102 @entity1 with @entity15 and 30 healthy volunteers. After GM segmentation using a technique based on diffusion anisotropy thresholding, average diffusivity (D) histograms of the cerebral GM were produced for all @entity1 . RESULTS: All D histogram-derived metrics of the GM were significantly different between control volunteers and the whole @entity15 population. No significant difference was found for any of the D histogram-derived metrics between control volunteers and @entity1 with RRMS, whereas significant differences were found for D and D histogram peak location between control volunteers and @entity1 with PPMS. All the D histogram-derived metrics differed significantly between @entity1 with RRMS and @entity1 with SPMS. @entity1 with SPMS also had significantly lower D than did @entity1 with PPMS. All D histogram-derived metrics of the GM were strongly correlated with the T2 lesion volume. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the presence of brain GM changes in @entity1 with @entity15 . It also shows that the extent of such changes is greater during the progressive forms of the disease.

title: Quantification of brain gray matter damage in different XXXX phenotypes by use of diffusion tensor MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish a community health care system for screening community-dwelling older @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and early diagnosis by a medical specialist. METHODS: Out of all the elderly residents aged 65 years and over living in Yoita town in 2000 (n = 1673), 1544 participated in the interview survey held at community halls or at home (92.3% response). They underwent a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for assessment of cognitive function and answered questionnaires covering socio-demographic, psychological, physical and medical, and social activity items (2000/11). We defined @entity73 as an MMSE < or = 1 SD below the age-specific mean (n = 371). Out of a total eligible population of 332, 158 pairs of subjects and their proxies participated in a follow-up survey (2001/11). The subjects themselves underwent MMSE again, and were asked for complaints of memory-related problems. Proxies answered about functional capacity and memory-related problems of subjects, for which we assessed the level of @entity303 with the Clinical @entity303 Rating (CDR). We established criteria for encouragement to undergo detailed examination by a medical specialist as follows. 1) MMSE scores < or = 1 SD below age-specific means at both baseline and follow-up surveys, or 2) CDR > or = 0.5, and 3) not due to @entity1032 . RESULTS: Non- @entity1 had significant higher MMSE scores but were younger in the follow-up survey. Out of 96 subjects eligible for the detailed examination, 47 @entity1 showed a tendency for older age with lower MMSE scores or younger age with higher MMSE scores than the average in the follow-up survey. The detailed examinations confirmed @entity303 of @entity195 in 22 and @entity1294 in 13 on DSM-IV or magnetic resonance imaging. During our screening, 8 community care saloons were opened and the number of facilities for older @entity1 with @entity73 is increasing. CONCLUSIONS: To establish a community health care system to screen and cope with community-dwelling older @entity1 with @entity73 in earlier stages, increased awareness of residents with slight @entity73 is especially important. Our attempt also suggested the importance of educational lectures, methods for testing cognitive function, and @entity303 care activity.

title: [Toward constructing a system for detecting and coping with XXXX in early stages among community-dwelling older @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mild cognitive decline', 'MCD', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's type"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['senile dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish a community health care system for screening community-dwelling older @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and early diagnosis by a medical specialist. METHODS: Out of all the elderly residents aged 65 years and over living in Yoita town in 2000 (n = 1673), 1544 participated in the interview survey held at community halls or at home (92.3% response). They underwent a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for assessment of cognitive function and answered questionnaires covering socio-demographic, psychological, physical and medical, and social activity items (2000/11). We defined @entity73 as an MMSE < or = 1 SD below the age-specific mean (n = 371). Out of a total eligible population of 332, 158 pairs of subjects and their proxies participated in a follow-up survey (2001/11). The subjects themselves underwent MMSE again, and were asked for complaints of memory-related problems. Proxies answered about functional capacity and memory-related problems of subjects, for which we assessed the level of @entity303 with the Clinical @entity303 Rating (CDR). We established criteria for encouragement to undergo detailed examination by a medical specialist as follows. 1) MMSE scores < or = 1 SD below age-specific means at both baseline and follow-up surveys, or 2) CDR > or = 0.5, and 3) not due to @entity1032 . RESULTS: Non- @entity1 had significant higher MMSE scores but were younger in the follow-up survey. Out of 96 subjects eligible for the detailed examination, 47 @entity1 showed a tendency for older age with lower MMSE scores or younger age with higher MMSE scores than the average in the follow-up survey. The detailed examinations confirmed @entity303 of @entity195 in 22 and @entity1294 in 13 on DSM-IV or magnetic resonance imaging. During our screening, 8 community care saloons were opened and the number of facilities for older @entity1 with @entity73 is increasing. CONCLUSIONS: To establish a community health care system to screen and cope with community-dwelling older @entity1 with @entity73 in earlier stages, increased awareness of residents with slight @entity73 is especially important. Our attempt also suggested the importance of educational lectures, methods for testing cognitive function, and @entity303 care activity.

title: [Toward constructing a system for detecting and coping with @entity195 in early stages among community-dwelling older XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: @entity461 ( @entity461 ) is strongly concerned with the pathogenesis of urinary stones. @entity461 is mainly regulated by the serum @entity460 concentration and not by other hormones, as is usually the case. We studied whether @entity461 is also regulated by adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( @entity4545 ) or not. @entity4545 (0.25 mg) was injected intravenously to 17 @entity1 with @entity459 PHP, 7 @entity1 with @entity1791 , 7 @entity1 with @entity5 , and 6 control subjects. Serum @entity460 was significantly increased in only PHP. The serum @entity460 increase rate showed a significant positive correlation with serum alkaline phosphatase, and a negative correlation with the preinjected serum @entity460 . @entity461 was slightly increased in all four groups. Serum @entity701 and @entity4545 concentrations were not significantly different among the groups. @entity461 concentration in a culture medium of parathyroid tissues increased after @entity4545 addition. Serum @entity460 was significantly increased after @entity4545 injection in an adrenalectomized @entity35 , and decreased in a parathyroidectomized @entity35 . From our data and those of others, it appears that @entity4545 acts on the adrenal glands to decrease the serum @entity460 concentration, and might act directly on the parathyroid gland or bones to increase it.

title: [Studies on the endocrinological metabolism of the parathyroid. II. Influence of XXXX on parathyroid function and @entity460 metabolism].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'Parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity4545 :: (5443,Gene) :: ['ACTH']


abstract: @entity461 ( @entity461 ) is strongly concerned with the pathogenesis of urinary stones. @entity461 is mainly regulated by the serum @entity460 concentration and not by other hormones, as is usually the case. We studied whether @entity461 is also regulated by adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( @entity4545 ) or not. @entity4545 (0.25 mg) was injected intravenously to 17 @entity1 with @entity459 PHP, 7 @entity1 with @entity1791 , 7 @entity1 with @entity5 , and 6 control subjects. Serum @entity460 was significantly increased in only PHP. The serum @entity460 increase rate showed a significant positive correlation with serum alkaline phosphatase, and a negative correlation with the preinjected serum @entity460 . @entity461 was slightly increased in all four groups. Serum @entity701 and @entity4545 concentrations were not significantly different among the groups. @entity461 concentration in a culture medium of parathyroid tissues increased after @entity4545 addition. Serum @entity460 was significantly increased after @entity4545 injection in an adrenalectomized @entity35 , and decreased in a parathyroidectomized @entity35 . From our data and those of others, it appears that @entity4545 acts on the adrenal glands to decrease the serum @entity460 concentration, and might act directly on the parathyroid gland or bones to increase it.

title: [Studies on the endocrinological metabolism of the parathyroid. II. Influence of @entity4545 on parathyroid function and XXXX metabolism].

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether @entity308 in precordial leads at the time of @entity4156 represents a reciprocal change rather than concurrent anterior wall @entity63 on the surface electrocardiography. BACKGROUND: The mechanism of reciprocal @entity308 during acute @entity583 is controversial. " @entity63 at a distance" or a benign electrical phenomenon has been implicated in numerous reports. Pulsed-wave tissue Doppler (PWTD) echocardiography can be used to examine the regional diastolic motion of the left ventricular myocardial wall and may allow the detection of @entity63 segments. METHODS: We evaluated regional @entity741 using PWTD echocardiography in 48 @entity1 with a first @entity583 . The left ventricle was divided into 16 segments. PWTD echocardiographic velocities were obtained from each left ventricular segments. RESULTS: Reciprocal @entity308 was present in 35 @entity1 (Group 1) but not in the remaining 13 @entity1 (Group 2). There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 with respect to systolic (S) (7.4 +/- 1.1 vs 6.8 +/- 0.9 cm/s; P > 0.05), early (E) (10.5 +/- 2 vs 9.4 +/- 1.2 cm/s; P > 0.05), and late (A) (9.5 +/- 3.2 vs 8.5 +/- 2.3 cm/s; P > 0.05) diastolic waves peak velocities, E/A ratio 1.1 +/- 0.2 vs 1.1 +/- 0.1; P > 0.05), Ewave deceleration time (DT) (92 +/- 17 vs 101 +/- 16 ms; P > 0.05) and regional @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) (82 +/- 19 vs 93 +/- 21 ms; P > 0.05) in anterior wall (basal levels), which correspond to reciprocal @entity308 on electrocardiography. According to E/A ratio detected by PWTD echocardiography in anterior wall and anterior septum, @entity1 with reciprocal @entity308 were also divided into two groups: Group A, with E/A ratio > 1; Group B, with E/A ratio < 1. Among the 35 @entity1 with reciprocal @entity308 , anterior wall @entity63 was present in 10 @entity1 and absent in 25 @entity1 , whereas anterior septal @entity63 was present 12 @entity1 and absent in 23 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Reciprocal @entity308 during the early phases of inferior @entity1188 is an electrical reflection of primary ST segment elevation in the area of @entity1188 .

title: Are reciprocal changes a consequence of " XXXX at a distance" or merely a benign electrical phenomenon? A pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity4156 :: ('MESH:D056989', 'Disease') :: ['acute inferior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'inferior wall myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'relaxation time']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2478 is the most common @entity5 of childhood, with a prevalence ranging from 1 to 3%. Periorbital haemangiomas can cause @entity4457 secondary to @entity9340 , induced @entity940 , strabismus or occlusion of the @entity227 . Oral and intralesional @entity230 are considered to be the most accepted form of primary treatment. The authors have been performing early surgery as definitive treatment in selected lesions and believe it has an important role. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 17 @entity1 (2-20 months old) seen between 1996 and 2002 was carried out. Indications for surgery in the present series were @entity940 , rapid growth, @entity4457 and obscuration of the @entity227 . Thirteen were treated primarily with surgery and the other four were treated with other methods prior to considering surgery. Preoperative computed tomography scans were obtained when indicated. RESULTS: Fourteen lesions were completely excised; residual tissue was deliberately left in order to preserve vital structures in three cases. No major surgical complications were noted. One @entity1 with residual tissue after surgery, who had proliferation of the remaining tissue, developed @entity4457 and @entity1736 . One @entity1 had a mild @entity1736 postoperatively that resolved after 6 months. Follow up was for an average 11.1 months. CONCLUSIONS: Early surgical intervention should be considered in a multidisciplinary team approach as a primary treatment option with selected, @entity3491 , without a significant cutaneous component. Surgery is a safe, effective treatment for selected lesions, provides a definitive early treatment, and prevents @entity940 and occlusion-related @entity4457 .

title: Early surgical intervention as definitive treatment for ocular adnexal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual axis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orbital and eyelid tumour']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['Capillary haemangioma']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated haemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropic amblyopia', 'amblyopia']

answer: @entity2478 :: (MESH:D019559,Disease) :: ['capillary haemangioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the test-retest reliability of the electronic Early Treatment @entity6 Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity algorithm using the computerized @entity227 ( @entity227 ) tester in @entity1 7 to <13 years old. DESIGN: Test-retest reliability study. METHODS: This multicenter study involved 245 subjects at four clinical sites. As the main outcome measure, visual acuity was measured twice using the E-ETDRS testing protocol on the @entity227 system, which uses a programmed handheld device to communicate with a personal computer and a 17-inch monitor at a 3-m test distance. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability was high (r =.94 for right eyes and 0.96 for left eyes) and for both right and left eyes, 89% of retest scores were within 0.1 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) (five letters) of the initial test score and 99% of retests were within 0.2 logMAR (10 letters). Reliability was high across the age range of 7 to <13 years. Based on 95% confidence level estimates, a change in visual acuity of 0.2 logMAR (10 letters) from a previous acuity measure is unlikely to result from measurement variability. CONCLUSIONS: The E-ETDRS protocol using the @entity227 has high test-retest reliability in @entity1 7 to <13 years of age. Potential advantages include better standardization across multiple sites, the ability to directly capture data electronically with an automatic acuity score calculation, the reduction of potential bias by limiting the tester's role, and the requirement of only a single testing distance for measurements from 20/800 to 20/12. This computerized testing method should be considered when visual acuity is used as an outcome measure in eye research involving @entity1 7 to <13 years old.

title: Reliability of the electronic early treatment XXXX study testing protocol in @entity1 7 to <13 years old.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['EVA', 'Electronic Visual Acuity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the test-retest reliability of the electronic Early Treatment @entity6 Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity algorithm using the computerized @entity227 ( @entity227 ) tester in @entity1 7 to <13 years old. DESIGN: Test-retest reliability study. METHODS: This multicenter study involved 245 subjects at four clinical sites. As the main outcome measure, visual acuity was measured twice using the E-ETDRS testing protocol on the @entity227 system, which uses a programmed handheld device to communicate with a personal computer and a 17-inch monitor at a 3-m test distance. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability was high (r =.94 for right eyes and 0.96 for left eyes) and for both right and left eyes, 89% of retest scores were within 0.1 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) (five letters) of the initial test score and 99% of retests were within 0.2 logMAR (10 letters). Reliability was high across the age range of 7 to <13 years. Based on 95% confidence level estimates, a change in visual acuity of 0.2 logMAR (10 letters) from a previous acuity measure is unlikely to result from measurement variability. CONCLUSIONS: The E-ETDRS protocol using the @entity227 has high test-retest reliability in @entity1 7 to <13 years of age. Potential advantages include better standardization across multiple sites, the ability to directly capture data electronically with an automatic acuity score calculation, the reduction of potential bias by limiting the tester's role, and the requirement of only a single testing distance for measurements from 20/800 to 20/12. This computerized testing method should be considered when visual acuity is used as an outcome measure in eye research involving @entity1 7 to <13 years old.

title: Reliability of the electronic early treatment @entity6 study testing protocol in XXXX 7 to <13 years old.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Most DNA intercalators and epipodophyllotoxins inhibit @entity1 topoisomerase II by trapping the enzyme within DNA cleavage complexes that can be detected in cells as protein-associated DNA strand breaks. We have characterized previously a line of @entity3569 cells (DC3F/9-OHE cells) the resistance of which to the cytotoxic effect of intercalators and @entity2879 is associated with a reduced formation of protein-associated DNA strand breaks. In the present study, topoisomerases of these cells were compared to those of the parental sensitive cells (DC3F). @entity1219 extracts (0.35 M) of isolated DC3F/9-OHE nuclei did not form @entity5256 -induced DNA-protein linking, whereas DC3F nuclear extracts did. In addition, DC3F/9-OHE nuclear extract had an unusually high level of DNA linking activity in the absence of @entity5256 . Topoisomerases II from DC3F/9-OHE and DC3F nuclei appeared similar qualitatively. DC3F/9-OHE nuclear extract had approximately twice less topoisomerase II molecules than did DC3F nuclear extract but similar topoisomerase II activity. Topoisomerase I activities appeared also similar in sensitive and resistant cells. However, part of DC3F/9-OHE topoisomerase I copurified with a DNA linking activity which was not present in DC3F nuclei. This unusual DNA linking activity was not sensitive to the stimulatory effect of @entity5256 .

title: Altered DNA topoisomerase II activity in XXXX cells resistant to topoisomerase II inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity5256 :: ('CHEBI:2687', 'Chemical') :: ["4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide"]

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity16646 virus (SENV) was discovered in 1999 as a DNA virus with hepatotropic properties. Nine genotypes (A-I) have been identified with genotypes D and H being more prevalent in cases of chronic @entity99 . Attempts to determine whether SENV causes @entity409 have been hampered by limited diagnostic testing. METHODS: In the present study, we developed two PCR based assays; a general SENV screening and genotype-specific assay. RESULTS: By screening PCR, the specificity for all SENV genotypes and SENV-related sequences was 20/20 (100%) with confirmation of the results being provided by genomic sequencing. With the genotype-specific PCR, specificities for SENV-D and SENV-H were 7/7 (100%) and 7/11 (64%), respectively. All screening PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The results of sequencing showed high genetic diversity in representative SENV genotypes. Five of twenty @entity1 (25%) had @entity325 with several SENV genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The screening PCR was useful for identifying cases of @entity778 . However, because of high genetic divergence and mixed @entity325 , it was difficult to establish a specific method for genotype distinction. Hence, sequencing is still required for further investigations of SENV as a potential cause of @entity409 .

title: Genomic analysis of a recently identified virus ( XXXX virus) and genotypes D and H by polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['SENV infection']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infection', 'mixed infections']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity16646 :: (10934,Gene) :: ['SEN']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the influence of maternal birth weight on the risk of the development of @entity1468 , a likely precursor to adult chronic disease. STUDY DESIGN: This hospital-based case-control study included 181 @entity1468 cases and 349 control subjects. @entity1 provided information about their birth weight and other covariates that included medical and reproductive history, prepregnancy weight, and adult height. Odds ratios and 95% CIs were estimated by logistic regression. RESULTS: The risk of @entity1468 decreased as maternal birth weight increased (P=.01). After an adjustment was made for confounders, data showed that @entity1 with a low birth weight (<2500 g) had a 2.3-fold increased risk of experiencing @entity1468 (95% CI, 1.0-5.3) as compared with @entity1 who weighed 2500 to 2999 g at birth. Conversely, @entity1 with a birth weight of >/=4000 g appeared to have a nonstatistically significant, but >50%, reduction in the risk of experiencing @entity1468 (95% CI, 0.2-1.2). This relationship differed for lean and overweight @entity1 (body mass index, <25 kg/m(2) vs >/=25 kg/m(2)). Among lean @entity1 , those who were low birth weight had a near doubling in risk of the development of @entity1468 (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.8-4.6), although this association did not reach statistical significance. However, among overweight @entity1 , those @entity1 who weighed <2500 g at birth had an almost 4-fold increased risk of experiencing @entity1468 (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.1-13.8). CONCLUSION: These results confirm two earlier reports and expand the literature by showing that @entity1 who are small at birth and who become overweight as adults are at particularly high risk of the development of @entity1468 .

title: Weight at birth and subsequent risk of XXXX as an adult.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe familial relationships among @entity79 ( @entity79 ), @entity460 intake, and physical activity in early-adolescent daughters, their premenopausal mothers, and postmenopausal maternal grandmothers. SUBJECTS: Healthy, early-adolescent daughter and premenopausal mother pairs (n=72) were enrolled in the study. In addition, a cohort of 22 postmenopausal maternal grandmothers were measured for comparison of related triads (n=22). DESIGN: Cross-sectional measurements of hip (three sites) and lumbar spine @entity79 by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), body height and weight, menstrual function, current @entity460 intake, and current and past physical activity patterns were assessed using recalls and questionnaires. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Correlational analysis was used to establish relationships between bone characteristics and body size, menstrual function, @entity460 intake, and physical activity. Multiple regression analyses with backward elimination were used to examine heritability of bone characteristics in daughter-mother and mother-grandmother pairs and daughter-mother-grandmother triads. Quick cluster analysis and cross-tabulation with Pearson's chi(2) were used to evaluate familial patterns for bone characteristics and lifestyle practices. RESULTS: Height, weight, and lumbar spine @entity79 were significantly correlated within mother-daughter pairs. Current and past @entity460 intakes were not related within pairs or triads or to @entity79 in the daughters or the grandmothers. A weak inverse relationship between @entity460 intake and the hip trochanter and lumbar spine @entity79 was observed in the mothers (R(2)=-0.25; P=.05). Physical activity, independent of @entity460 intake, was strong predictor of @entity79 for daughters and mothers. Among the daughters, the hertiability estimates for trochanter and lumbar spine @entity79 were 0.56 and 0.70, respectively (P<.01). The heritability estimate for premenopausal mothers were significant for lumbar spine @entity79 (h(2)=0.66; P<.01). Daughter-mother-grandmother triads with low physical activity had low femoral neck @entity79 whereas those with high physical activity had high femoral neck @entity79 (P<.001). APPLICATIONS: Making physical activity a part of the daily routine, in addition to an adequate intake of @entity460 and bone-related nutrients, is an important goal for maintaining or improving bone health for @entity1 of all ages.

title: Familial resemblance of bone mineralization, XXXX intake, and physical activity in early-adolescent daughters, their mothers, and maternal grandmothers.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Three cases of @entity1644 associated with arachnoid webs are reported. Each @entity1 presented with progressive @entity602 and had thoracic syringes detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In one @entity1 the web was also visible. At operation a thoracic arachnoid web was found, obstructing the subarachnoid compartment in each @entity1 . One @entity1 had intraoperative ultrasound, which demonstrated @entity717 with each cardiac systole. The webs were divided and shunts inserted into the syringes. All @entity1 improved clinically, and on follow-up MRI. Arachnoid webs are likely to represent a focal band of @entity2443 and are difficult to visualise on standard preoperative MR imaging. A reduction in the subarachnoid space compliance with resultant increase in pulse pressure and potentiation of an arterial pulsation driven perivascular flow could explain the associated syringes. Treatment should be aimed at restoring compliance, and involve division of the web with or without shunt insertion.

title: XXXX and the arachnoid web.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['caudal web movement']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoiditis']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['Syringomyelia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) are at high risk for @entity65 ( @entity65 ). In addition to the same epidemiological risk factors of the general population, factors unique or secondary to the uremic milieu may contribute to excess @entity65 and mortality. Recent studies suggest the endothelium has a key role in the development of @entity731 . Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) may be a tool to study the state of the endothelium, with their number markedly increased in conditions associated with a high degree of endothelial cell activation and/or injury. Our hypothesis is that CEC number increases in diseases that commonly progress to stage 5 @entity740 , as well as in @entity1 on hemodialysis (HD) therapy, reflecting ongoing endothelial cell activation and/or injury. METHODS: The study population consisted of 22 healthy nonsmoking individuals, 29 individuals undergoing long-term HD treatment, 10 individuals with the diagnosis of @entity6 and stage 1 or 2 @entity740 , and 7 individuals with @entity101 and stage 1 or 2 @entity740 . The number of CECs was enumerated in all study groups. RESULTS: We found that CEC number was increased in HD @entity1 , @entity101 @entity1 , and @entity1 with @entity6 compared with healthy individuals. In addition, although CEC number did not accurately reflect the presence of @entity65 , the number was increased significantly in a group of HD @entity1 with active @entity65 , whereas it was decreased significantly in a group of HD @entity1 with stable @entity65 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that CEC number may reflect @entity65 activity in HD @entity1 , independent of the presence of @entity65 .

title: Circulating endothelial cells as potential markers of the state of the endothelium in hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['ACVD', 'atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The clinical and immunologic abnormalities of 7 @entity1 with @entity778 ( @entity778 ) @entity281 are reported. Indicative immune changes, positive anti- @entity778 serologic test and/or virus isolation led to the diagnosis. In a case with a particularly severe form of the disease, whose mother died from @entity791 , serologic tests and virus isolation were negative. Beside a case associated with blood transfusion, the familial and ethnic context helped the diagnosis. Clinical and biochemical features were close to those in adult @entity791 , including @entity828 , polyadenopathy, a decreased absolute number of OKT4(+) lymphocytes and @entity4754 . The importance of cellular and sometimes also humoral @entity3230 was highly variable. For 4 @entity1 , the severity of the @entity3230 allowed the diagnosis of @entity791 . Occurrence of such an @entity281 in the first months of life suggests a fetomaternal viral transmission; however, a postnatal contamination cannot be ruled out. Long-term prognosis is difficult to assess. It depends, among other factors, on the importance of the @entity3230 .

title: [ XXXX infections and the @entity791 in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['LAV', 'Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['hypergammaglobulinemia']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['LAV']


abstract: The clinical and immunologic abnormalities of 7 @entity1 with @entity778 ( @entity778 ) @entity281 are reported. Indicative immune changes, positive anti- @entity778 serologic test and/or virus isolation led to the diagnosis. In a case with a particularly severe form of the disease, whose mother died from @entity791 , serologic tests and virus isolation were negative. Beside a case associated with blood transfusion, the familial and ethnic context helped the diagnosis. Clinical and biochemical features were close to those in adult @entity791 , including @entity828 , polyadenopathy, a decreased absolute number of OKT4(+) lymphocytes and @entity4754 . The importance of cellular and sometimes also humoral @entity3230 was highly variable. For 4 @entity1 , the severity of the @entity3230 allowed the diagnosis of @entity791 . Occurrence of such an @entity281 in the first months of life suggests a fetomaternal viral transmission; however, a postnatal contamination cannot be ruled out. Long-term prognosis is difficult to assess. It depends, among other factors, on the importance of the @entity3230 .

title: [ @entity778 infections and the XXXX in @entity1 ].

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']


abstract: The clinical and immunologic abnormalities of 7 @entity1 with @entity778 ( @entity778 ) @entity281 are reported. Indicative immune changes, positive anti- @entity778 serologic test and/or virus isolation led to the diagnosis. In a case with a particularly severe form of the disease, whose mother died from @entity791 , serologic tests and virus isolation were negative. Beside a case associated with blood transfusion, the familial and ethnic context helped the diagnosis. Clinical and biochemical features were close to those in adult @entity791 , including @entity828 , polyadenopathy, a decreased absolute number of OKT4(+) lymphocytes and @entity4754 . The importance of cellular and sometimes also humoral @entity3230 was highly variable. For 4 @entity1 , the severity of the @entity3230 allowed the diagnosis of @entity791 . Occurrence of such an @entity281 in the first months of life suggests a fetomaternal viral transmission; however, a postnatal contamination cannot be ruled out. Long-term prognosis is difficult to assess. It depends, among other factors, on the importance of the @entity3230 .

title: [ @entity778 infections and the @entity791 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin (BTX) injection is the first choice treatment for @entity3520 . However 10% or more of @entity1 who receive repetitive injections of BTX type A (BTX-A) lose response (secondary non-responders). One of the strategies to manage such @entity1 is to treat them with another serotype. The aim of this article is to describe my experience with BTX type B ( @entity24008 ) in the management of @entity1 with @entity3520 who became secondary non-responders to BTX-A. METHOD: Open-label non-controlled use of @entity24008 injections to treat @entity3519 @entity1 who developed secondary nonresponse to BTX-A Response to treatment was rated on a 0-4 scale (Jankovic). RESULTS: Four @entity1 entered the study. Pacient 1- At age 48 this @entity1 developed @entity3520 . Five years later he also presented with @entity9663 and @entity18711 . He was treated with 7604U of BTX-A along 23 sessions separated by a mean interval of 18.8 weeks (range 6-39). Loss of response was noticed after the seventh session. First treatment with @entity24008 consisted of injection of 20000U with response rated 3 but duration of 3 weeks. Second session, 23500U, resulted in score 4 with response lasting 12 weeks. @entity1 2- This @entity1 , with @entity4676 since age 8 years, developed tardive @entity9663 at age 51. On 8 sessions of BTX-A injections he received a cumulative dosage of 550U with a mean interval between sessions of 8.8 weeks (range 6-12). Decline of response was noticed after the fifth session. First treatment with @entity24008 , 3000U, had a response rated 3 with duration of 12 weeks. Second session, 6000U, resulted in score 4. @entity1 3- This @entity1 noticed onset of @entity9663 at age 58 and developed oromandibular and @entity3519 as well as cervical @entity3519 , respectively, at ages 59 and 65. In other institutions she received 6 sessions of BTX-A. In my service she received a dosage of 1404U along 8 sessions with a mean interval between sessions of 17.4 weeks (range 16-18). She became secondary non-responder after the ninth session. First treatment with @entity24008 , 6000U, was rated 0. Second session, 12000U, was rated 4. @entity1 4- At age 69 this @entity1 developed @entity3520 . Prior to follow up with me, he received 6 sessions of BTX-A in other services. In my institution he was treated with a cumulative dosage of 730U along 4 sessions with a mean interval between sessions of 16.3 weeks (range 15-18). He developed loss of response on the sixth session. Treatment with @entity24008 , 12000U, was rated 4 and lasted 20 weeks. Side-effects: @entity158 (all @entity1 ) and @entity2133 and @entity1736 (one @entity1 each). CONCLUSION: My findings confirm that @entity24008 injections are a safe and effective option for the management of @entity3519 @entity1 who become secondary non-responders to BTX-A. The results also underscore the need of individualizing dosage regimens before optimum results are achieved.

title: [Botulinum toxin type B in the management of XXXX non-responsive to botulinum toxin type A].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['focal dystonias', 'idiopathic cervical dystonia', 'focal dystonia', 'idiopathic cranial dystonia']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dryness of mouth']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['local pain']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal dystonia', 'dystonia']

entities_list: @entity18711 :: ('MESH:D008538', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic oromandibular dystonia']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: Light-, electron microscopic and enzyme histochemical examinations (phosphorylase, LDH, @entity2125 :TR, @entity24881 and 3-HBDH) were performed on endomyocardial biopsies of 26 @entity1 with @entity299 of unknown etiology. On the basis of the clinical findings the @entity1 were grouped into @entity1121 @entity1 ), @entity384 (8 @entity1 ), latent @entity296 and @entity6249 (11 @entity1 ) and @entity2401 (4 @entity1 ). Morphologic changes which might characterize the pathogenesis, were found in 7 @entity1 : @entity6249 in 3 @entity1 , nonspecific @entity2401 in 1, @entity68 storage disease in 1, @entity632 @entity296 in 1 and @entity296 with inclusions typical of @entity2314 in 1 @entity1 . In the other @entity1 the morphologic changes were not sufficiently characteristic to be indicative of an etiopathogenesis. Several pathologic alterations did, nonetheless, appear to have a certain prognostic value such as endocardial and @entity82 , myofibrillolysis, myolysis, mitochondrial degeneration and increased lipid content in the muscle fibers. The frequency of these changes was evaluated partly semiquantitatively, partly by means of the point-counting method and graded with 1-3 points. Three @entity1 with @entity384 scored at least 7 points. Two of them died within 8 weeks, 1 @entity1 with @entity632 @entity296 recovered after discontinuation of the therapy but he died 4 years after the biopsy. Six to 50 months after the biopsy (mean 31.5, median 6.5) the score was less than 7 in the other @entity1 and all these @entity1 were still alive. The histochemical changes manifested as an increase and/or a decrease of the enzymatic activities, involving scattered muscle fibers or their segments. A decrease of the activities of all dehydrogenases examined appeared to be prognostically ominous, correlating with a score of 7 or higher. A decrease of @entity24881 activity in 7 cases, in combination with a decrease of the HBDH activity in 4 of them, was indicative of a disturbance in the Krebs cycle and lipid metabolism in the absence of @entity2806 . The alterations in the phosphorylase activity did not, however, appear to have a prognostic significance. Normal activity of the phosphorylase seemed to be prognostically favorable.

title: The usefulness of an endomyocardial biopsy in XXXX of unknown etiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestive cardiomyopathy', 'dilated-congestive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ["Fabry's disease"]

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity263 affection of the cauda equina (SPCCE) can be an ultimate cause of morbidity and mortality. Since the results of management of this particular disease condition remain largely unknown, a retrospective case review was undertaken to determine the effects of treatment by radiation in SPCCE @entity1 . METHODS: The records of 12 @entity1 with SPCCE treated at the Division of Therapeutic Radiology during the period 1984 to 1998 were reviewed. The administered total radiation dosage ranged from 6 Gy to 32 Gy (average, 26.6 +/- 2.0 Gy). Two individuals underwent decompressive laminectomy and bilateral orchiectomy at the time of SPCCE and @entity263 diagnoses. Ten @entity1 had prior hormonal manipulative treatment (orchiectomy, @entity172 , or @entity12194 therapy). RESULTS: @entity158 was relieved in three of four symptomatic @entity1 (75%). Five of nine @entity1 unable to walk before therapy could walk after treatment. One of two individuals with anal or bladder @entity1690 improved following irradiation. The overall mean duration of survival was five months. With treatment, survival was approximately three times as long for ambulatory versus non-ambulatory @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that radiation treatment is efficacious in promoting palliation of SPCCE, although it may not prolong life.

title: Management of epidural cauda XXXX by radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['Flutamide']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['equina disease of prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In cases of @entity2520 with a pathologic flaring of frontal teeth, a combined periodontic-orthodontic therapy may be a reliable approach in order to solve both functional and esthetic problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the periodontal tissue alterations following periodontal surgery and orthodontic intrusion in migrated upper central incisors with @entity154 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity2520 and an extruded maxillary central incisor infrabony defect at its mesial aspect and @entity92 ( @entity92 ) > or = 6 mm were included in the present study. At baseline, @entity92 and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the defects were assessed on standardized radiographs. Seven to 10 days after surgery the active orthodontic treatment started using the segmented arch technique, in order to intrude and move the teeth into the defects. Maintenance therapy was performed every 2 to 3 months until the orthodontic treatment was completed. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, mean @entity92 reduction was 4.35 mm, with a residual mean @entity92 of 2.80 mm. Mean @entity922 was 5.50 mm. The mean radiological vertical and horizontal bone fills were, respectively, 1.35 mm and 1.40 mm. All differences were of statistical significance (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the combined orthodontic and periodontic therapy performed resulted in the realignment of extruded teeth with @entity154 , obtaining a significant @entity92 reduction, clinical @entity1017 , and radiological bone fill.

title: Orthodontic movement into XXXX in @entity1 with @entity2520 : a clinical and radiological study.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['intrabony defects', 'infrabony defects']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['advanced periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['attachment gain']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['infrabony defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In cases of @entity2520 with a pathologic flaring of frontal teeth, a combined periodontic-orthodontic therapy may be a reliable approach in order to solve both functional and esthetic problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the periodontal tissue alterations following periodontal surgery and orthodontic intrusion in migrated upper central incisors with @entity154 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity2520 and an extruded maxillary central incisor infrabony defect at its mesial aspect and @entity92 ( @entity92 ) > or = 6 mm were included in the present study. At baseline, @entity92 and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the defects were assessed on standardized radiographs. Seven to 10 days after surgery the active orthodontic treatment started using the segmented arch technique, in order to intrude and move the teeth into the defects. Maintenance therapy was performed every 2 to 3 months until the orthodontic treatment was completed. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, mean @entity92 reduction was 4.35 mm, with a residual mean @entity92 of 2.80 mm. Mean @entity922 was 5.50 mm. The mean radiological vertical and horizontal bone fills were, respectively, 1.35 mm and 1.40 mm. All differences were of statistical significance (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the combined orthodontic and periodontic therapy performed resulted in the realignment of extruded teeth with @entity154 , obtaining a significant @entity92 reduction, clinical @entity1017 , and radiological bone fill.

title: Orthodontic movement into @entity154 in @entity1 with XXXX : a clinical and radiological study.

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['advanced periodontal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In cases of @entity2520 with a pathologic flaring of frontal teeth, a combined periodontic-orthodontic therapy may be a reliable approach in order to solve both functional and esthetic problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the periodontal tissue alterations following periodontal surgery and orthodontic intrusion in migrated upper central incisors with @entity154 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity2520 and an extruded maxillary central incisor infrabony defect at its mesial aspect and @entity92 ( @entity92 ) > or = 6 mm were included in the present study. At baseline, @entity92 and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the defects were assessed on standardized radiographs. Seven to 10 days after surgery the active orthodontic treatment started using the segmented arch technique, in order to intrude and move the teeth into the defects. Maintenance therapy was performed every 2 to 3 months until the orthodontic treatment was completed. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, mean @entity92 reduction was 4.35 mm, with a residual mean @entity92 of 2.80 mm. Mean @entity922 was 5.50 mm. The mean radiological vertical and horizontal bone fills were, respectively, 1.35 mm and 1.40 mm. All differences were of statistical significance (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the combined orthodontic and periodontic therapy performed resulted in the realignment of extruded teeth with @entity154 , obtaining a significant @entity92 reduction, clinical @entity1017 , and radiological bone fill.

title: Orthodontic movement into @entity154 in XXXX with @entity2520 : a clinical and radiological study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. Our study showed a prevalence of 5.33% in @entity4409 working in an urban city like Pune. The prevalence would definitely be higher in a population from a rural area. 2. All these cases who showed presence of antibodies to @entity6469 , had varied clinical manifestations, characteristic of the protean manifestations in @entity3377 . Likewise in our study we had cases ranging from @entity625 , abortions and genito urinary manifestations. 3. All the antibody positive cases had significant antibody titres. The clinicians miss many cases of @entity3377 because it is not considered as an alternative diagnosis. The clinician should keep in mind the possibility of an occupational or environmental exposure in cases of P.U.O. It would also be worthwhile to create awareness of the disease in such professions so that necessary precautions and periodic screening of such occupationally exposed @entity1 can be done. Studies are needed to assess the role of @entity3377 as a cause of morbidity in India, which had not received the attention it deserved. Prevention of @entity1 @entity3377 focuses mainly on elimination of infection in @entity291 along with hygiene, vaccine, and effective heating and pasteurization of dairy products and related foods.

title: Detection of antibodies to @entity6469 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal handlers']

answer: @entity4409 :: (MESH:D000820,Disease) :: ['animal handlers']


abstract: 1. Our study showed a prevalence of 5.33% in @entity4409 working in an urban city like Pune. The prevalence would definitely be higher in a population from a rural area. 2. All these cases who showed presence of antibodies to @entity6469 , had varied clinical manifestations, characteristic of the protean manifestations in @entity3377 . Likewise in our study we had cases ranging from @entity625 , abortions and genito urinary manifestations. 3. All the antibody positive cases had significant antibody titres. The clinicians miss many cases of @entity3377 because it is not considered as an alternative diagnosis. The clinician should keep in mind the possibility of an occupational or environmental exposure in cases of P.U.O. It would also be worthwhile to create awareness of the disease in such professions so that necessary precautions and periodic screening of such occupationally exposed @entity1 can be done. Studies are needed to assess the role of @entity3377 as a cause of morbidity in India, which had not received the attention it deserved. Prevention of @entity1 @entity3377 focuses mainly on elimination of infection in @entity291 along with hygiene, vaccine, and effective heating and pasteurization of dairy products and related foods.

title: Detection of antibodies to XXXX in @entity4409 .

answer: @entity6469 :: (235,Species) :: ['Brucella abortus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is need for safe working environment in both government and private hospitals for the safety of @entity283 ( @entity283 ). The present study was conducted to know the present knowledge regarding occupational exposure to @entity645 amongst doctors in non-governmental hospitals and clinics across Delhi. METHODS: Seventy doctors from different medical and surgical specialties in various non-government hospitals/nursing homes in Delhi were given a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Majority of them have suffered @entity2949 . Many had also experienced splash over face, eyes. Some @entity1 were still recapping needles most of times. 85.7% of @entity1 were fully vaccinated for @entity1956 . 44.2% didn't know if they were responders to @entity1956 vaccine or not. Most of them didn't report the @entity2949 . In majorities of incidents source @entity1 was not tested for blood born infections. Many of @entity1 were not aware of post exposure prophylactic measures to be taken if there is an occupational exposure to the blood of @entity645 positive @entity1 . Awareness that drugs for postexposure prophylaxis are to be started immediately was low (36%). CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the low awareness of postexposure prophylaxis measures amongst @entity283 . Many @entity283 were also not aware if they were responders to @entity1956 vaccine or not. Most of the @entity2949 were neither reported nor investigated.

title: XXXX : awareness of management of occupational exposure in health care workers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2949 :: ('MESH:D016602', 'Disease') :: ['needle stick injuries']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health-care workers', 'HCWs']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Dysregulation of cell cycle is important in oncogenesis. We analyzed the inactivation of the @entity986 family @entity17342 /CDK/ @entity995 pathway by gene promoter hypermethylation in leukemogenesis. The methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) with primers for methylated (M-MSP) and unmethylated (U-MSP) alleles of the @entity9288 , @entity986 , @entity7818 , and @entity995 genes was used to study five leukemic cell lines, 50 @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and 25 @entity981 ( @entity981 ) samples. None of the leukemic cell lines showed @entity7818 and @entity995 methylation. @entity9288 was methylated in Raji, while @entity986 was methylated in U937 and Raji. In NB4 and Jurkat, both alleles of @entity9288 and @entity986 appeared to be deleted. At diagnosis, @entity9288 methylation occurred in 29 (58%) @entity3052 @entity1 , and 10 (40.0%) @entity981 @entity1 . @entity986 methylation occurred in two (4%) @entity3052 and two (8%) @entity981 @entity1 . Only one each of @entity3052 and @entity981 @entity1 had concurrent @entity9288 and @entity986 methylation. None of the @entity1 had methylation of @entity7818 or @entity995 . In @entity3052 , @entity9288 methylation was associated with M2 subtype ( p=0.018). @entity1 with and without @entity9288 methylation had similar complete remission (CR) rates and projected 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) or disease-free survival (DFS). Therefore, methylation inactivation of the @entity986 /CDK/ @entity995 pathway in @entity1778 involved primarily @entity9288 and occasionally @entity986 , but not @entity7818 or @entity995 . In @entity3052 , @entity9288 gene methylation was associated with the M2 subtype, but was not prognostic for CR, @entity1349 , or DFS.

title: Epigenetic inactivation of XXXX /CDK/ @entity995 cell cycle pathway in @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['INK4']


abstract: Dysregulation of cell cycle is important in oncogenesis. We analyzed the inactivation of the @entity986 family @entity17342 /CDK/ @entity995 pathway by gene promoter hypermethylation in leukemogenesis. The methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) with primers for methylated (M-MSP) and unmethylated (U-MSP) alleles of the @entity9288 , @entity986 , @entity7818 , and @entity995 genes was used to study five leukemic cell lines, 50 @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and 25 @entity981 ( @entity981 ) samples. None of the leukemic cell lines showed @entity7818 and @entity995 methylation. @entity9288 was methylated in Raji, while @entity986 was methylated in U937 and Raji. In NB4 and Jurkat, both alleles of @entity9288 and @entity986 appeared to be deleted. At diagnosis, @entity9288 methylation occurred in 29 (58%) @entity3052 @entity1 , and 10 (40.0%) @entity981 @entity1 . @entity986 methylation occurred in two (4%) @entity3052 and two (8%) @entity981 @entity1 . Only one each of @entity3052 and @entity981 @entity1 had concurrent @entity9288 and @entity986 methylation. None of the @entity1 had methylation of @entity7818 or @entity995 . In @entity3052 , @entity9288 methylation was associated with M2 subtype ( p=0.018). @entity1 with and without @entity9288 methylation had similar complete remission (CR) rates and projected 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) or disease-free survival (DFS). Therefore, methylation inactivation of the @entity986 /CDK/ @entity995 pathway in @entity1778 involved primarily @entity9288 and occasionally @entity986 , but not @entity7818 or @entity995 . In @entity3052 , @entity9288 gene methylation was associated with the M2 subtype, but was not prognostic for CR, @entity1349 , or DFS.

title: Epigenetic inactivation of @entity986 /CDK/ @entity995 cell cycle pathway in XXXX .

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemias']


abstract: Dysregulation of cell cycle is important in oncogenesis. We analyzed the inactivation of the @entity986 family @entity17342 /CDK/ @entity995 pathway by gene promoter hypermethylation in leukemogenesis. The methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) with primers for methylated (M-MSP) and unmethylated (U-MSP) alleles of the @entity9288 , @entity986 , @entity7818 , and @entity995 genes was used to study five leukemic cell lines, 50 @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and 25 @entity981 ( @entity981 ) samples. None of the leukemic cell lines showed @entity7818 and @entity995 methylation. @entity9288 was methylated in Raji, while @entity986 was methylated in U937 and Raji. In NB4 and Jurkat, both alleles of @entity9288 and @entity986 appeared to be deleted. At diagnosis, @entity9288 methylation occurred in 29 (58%) @entity3052 @entity1 , and 10 (40.0%) @entity981 @entity1 . @entity986 methylation occurred in two (4%) @entity3052 and two (8%) @entity981 @entity1 . Only one each of @entity3052 and @entity981 @entity1 had concurrent @entity9288 and @entity986 methylation. None of the @entity1 had methylation of @entity7818 or @entity995 . In @entity3052 , @entity9288 methylation was associated with M2 subtype ( p=0.018). @entity1 with and without @entity9288 methylation had similar complete remission (CR) rates and projected 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) or disease-free survival (DFS). Therefore, methylation inactivation of the @entity986 /CDK/ @entity995 pathway in @entity1778 involved primarily @entity9288 and occasionally @entity986 , but not @entity7818 or @entity995 . In @entity3052 , @entity9288 gene methylation was associated with the M2 subtype, but was not prognostic for CR, @entity1349 , or DFS.

title: Epigenetic inactivation of @entity986 /CDK/ XXXX cell cycle pathway in @entity3052 .

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['RB']


abstract: We report a unique case of metastatic @entity3557 of the submandibular lymph nodes with @entity1544 . A 48-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital for treatment of a @entity259 and right submandibular masses. @entity5 , 2 cm in its largest dimension, was palpated in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. The masses in the submandibular region measured up to 3 cm in diameter. Each submandibular @entity5 had a cystic cavity containing slightly opaque fluid. Aspiration cytology of the thyroid established a diagnosis of @entity1377 . Aspirated material from the cystic cavity of one of the submandibular masses contained only keratinized material with a thyroglobulin level of 175 ng/ml. The @entity1 underwent a total thyroidectomy with modified radical neck dissection. Microscopic examination of the resected specimen confirmed a diagnosis of @entity1377 of the thyroid, as well as well-differentiated @entity957 with cystic changes in the submandibular lymph nodes. Focal immunoreactivity for thyroglobulin, combined with the absence of any other possible primary lesions in the head and neck region, suggested metastatic @entity3557 of the submandibular lymph nodes with @entity1544 .

title: Metastatic XXXX of the submandibular lymph nodes with @entity1544 : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'A tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['extensive squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumor']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: We report a unique case of metastatic @entity3557 of the submandibular lymph nodes with @entity1544 . A 48-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital for treatment of a @entity259 and right submandibular masses. @entity5 , 2 cm in its largest dimension, was palpated in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. The masses in the submandibular region measured up to 3 cm in diameter. Each submandibular @entity5 had a cystic cavity containing slightly opaque fluid. Aspiration cytology of the thyroid established a diagnosis of @entity1377 . Aspirated material from the cystic cavity of one of the submandibular masses contained only keratinized material with a thyroglobulin level of 175 ng/ml. The @entity1 underwent a total thyroidectomy with modified radical neck dissection. Microscopic examination of the resected specimen confirmed a diagnosis of @entity1377 of the thyroid, as well as well-differentiated @entity957 with cystic changes in the submandibular lymph nodes. Focal immunoreactivity for thyroglobulin, combined with the absence of any other possible primary lesions in the head and neck region, suggested metastatic @entity3557 of the submandibular lymph nodes with @entity1544 .

title: Metastatic @entity3557 of the submandibular lymph nodes with XXXX : report of a case.

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['extensive squamous metaplasia']


abstract: @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ) is a soft-tissue @entity242 originating from fibroblast cells, characterized by a high rate of @entity3 or recurrence. This @entity5 rarely develops in the gastrointestinal tract, with no more than 30 cases described in the literature. We report a case of @entity1418 of the abdominal cavity in a 45-year-old @entity1 who presented with @entity158 , @entity448 , and @entity353 . A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed multiple solid @entity5 in the peritoneal cavity. We performed exploratory laparotomy and found at least 15 solid whitish @entity5 attached to the wall of the small intestine, as well as to the parietal peritoneum. There were three metastases in the liver. All of the @entity5 were excised, most of which were about 10 cm in diameter. Histopathological findings indicated a @entity5 consisting of spindle cells, and immunohistochemical examination of the resected specimens established the definite diagnosis of a @entity1418 . The @entity1 had an uneventful postoperative course and was given adjuvant chemotherapy. She is currently well 2 years after her operation. We review the clinical picture of this @entity5 in the abdominal cavity, and discuss its diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment.

title: XXXX of the abdominal cavity: report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic MFH', 'Malignant fibrous histiocytoma', 'MFH']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stromal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

answer: @entity1418 :: (MESH:D051677,Disease) :: ['Malignant fibrous histiocytoma']


abstract: The polypeptide pattern of red blood cell (RBC) membranes from @entity291 , @entity742 , @entity1641 , @entity95 , @entity840 , @entity35 , @entity19 , analyzed by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, was compared to @entity1 RBC counterpart. Some qualitative and quantitative differences were noted. Among the high molecular weight components the bands 2.1-2.3 appeared slightly decreased in @entity95 and @entity35 and increased in @entity742 RBC membranes. Band 3 appeared to have a higher molecular weight in the @entity291 , @entity840 and @entity19 RBCs, and a lower molecular weight in the @entity742 RBCs. @entity58345 from the RBC membranes of @entity291 , @entity742 , @entity95 and @entity840 was splitted into two sub-bands, while band 4.2 overlapped with @entity58345 in @entity1641 and @entity840 RBC membranes. There are marked differences in the number and position of bands in the 4.5 region, while band 4.9 is present in higher amounts in @entity1641 , @entity95 and @entity840 RBC membranes. Band 6 ( @entity60251 ) was undetectable in @entity1641 , @entity35 and @entity19 RBC membranes and was decreased in @entity742 , @entity95 and @entity840 . There are also major differences in the region of band 7 and below ("post-7"). Band 8 was undetectable in @entity1641 , @entity291 and @entity840 , and was in higher amounts in @entity35 . A band corresponding to a molecular weight of about 22 kD in the "post-8" region was present only in @entity840 RBC membranes.

title: Comparative studies of the protein composition of red blood cell membranes from eight XXXX species.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity60251 :: ('100033897(Tax:9796)', 'Gene') :: ['glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: The @entity3488 hormones @entity369 -vasopressin (AVP) and @entity398 (OT) are produced in the neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic ( @entity5461 ) and paraventricular (PVN) nucleus and in the much smaller cells of the suprachiasmatic (SCN) nucleus. The @entity5461 is the main source of plasma @entity1831 . Part of the AVP and OT neurons of the PVN join the hypothalamo- @entity3488 tract, whereas others send projections to the median eminence or various brain areas, where AVP and OT are involved in a number of central functions as neurotransmitters/neuromodulators. AVP and OT from the PVN can also regulate via the @entity1386 . OT is produced for a major part in the PVN but some OT neurons are present in the @entity5461 . Moreover, both AVP and OT containing neurons are observed in the "accessory nuclei", i.e. islands situated between the @entity5461 and PVN. The SCN is the biological clock, and the number of AVP expressing neurons in the SCN shows both diurnal and seasonal rhythms. In addition to these hypothalamic areas, AVP and OT may be found to a lesser extent in some other brain areas, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, diagonal band of Broca, nucleus basalis of Meynert, lateral septal nucleus, globus pallidus and the anterior amygdaloid nucleus, as well as in the peripheral tissues. The AVP and OT containing neurons should not be considered as one system. Prominent functional differences exist between the different nuclei. The heterogeneity also becomes clear from the marked differences in the @entity3488 peptides containing neurons of the @entity5461 , PVN and SCN during aging, and in the most prevalent age-related @entity179 , i.e. @entity195 ( @entity195 ). For those reasons, we will discuss the @entity5461 , PVN and SCN separately.

title: XXXX peptides in aging and @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['autonomous innervation endocrine glands and fat tissue']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity3488 :: ('551', 'Gene') :: ['neurohypophyseal']

answer: @entity3488 :: (551,Gene) :: ['Neurohypophyseal']


abstract: The @entity3488 hormones @entity369 -vasopressin (AVP) and @entity398 (OT) are produced in the neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic ( @entity5461 ) and paraventricular (PVN) nucleus and in the much smaller cells of the suprachiasmatic (SCN) nucleus. The @entity5461 is the main source of plasma @entity1831 . Part of the AVP and OT neurons of the PVN join the hypothalamo- @entity3488 tract, whereas others send projections to the median eminence or various brain areas, where AVP and OT are involved in a number of central functions as neurotransmitters/neuromodulators. AVP and OT from the PVN can also regulate via the @entity1386 . OT is produced for a major part in the PVN but some OT neurons are present in the @entity5461 . Moreover, both AVP and OT containing neurons are observed in the "accessory nuclei", i.e. islands situated between the @entity5461 and PVN. The SCN is the biological clock, and the number of AVP expressing neurons in the SCN shows both diurnal and seasonal rhythms. In addition to these hypothalamic areas, AVP and OT may be found to a lesser extent in some other brain areas, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, diagonal band of Broca, nucleus basalis of Meynert, lateral septal nucleus, globus pallidus and the anterior amygdaloid nucleus, as well as in the peripheral tissues. The AVP and OT containing neurons should not be considered as one system. Prominent functional differences exist between the different nuclei. The heterogeneity also becomes clear from the marked differences in the @entity3488 peptides containing neurons of the @entity5461 , PVN and SCN during aging, and in the most prevalent age-related @entity179 , i.e. @entity195 ( @entity195 ). For those reasons, we will discuss the @entity5461 , PVN and SCN separately.

title: @entity3488 peptides in aging and XXXX .

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Thirty cases of @entity3969 who had been treated at the Ramathibodi Hospital from January 1970 to December 1982 were analysed retrospectively. There were 14 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 , aged 6 months to 7 years (mean age was 2 years). The right kidney was involved in 12 cases, the left side involvement in 18 cases. Other than the abdominal mass, the common signs and symptoms were @entity811 (30%) and @entity101 (13.3%). The @entity154 were found in 2 cases. There was an increase in VMA in three of the six cases determined for VMA:creatine ratio and VMA in 24 hours urine. Seven cases (23.3%) had nephrectomy done in other hospitals. Ninety percent of the @entity1 came in with the stage II-IV, only 10% had stage I. The treatment consisted of surgery, radiation therapy, @entity4316 , @entity1891 and @entity632 . Eight @entity1 (26.6%) were lost to follow-up. The cure rate in stage II, III and IV were 71.4%, 50% and 29% respectively. The serious surgical complications include a case of shock due to excessive @entity548 and another case of @entity944 during the operation due to the @entity5 emboli from the inferior vena cava to the main pulmonary and both bronchial arteries.

title: XXXX : analysis of thirty cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin-D']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: Modern treatment of @entity1151 requires rapid and accurate diagnosis followed by risk stratification to devise an optimal management strategy. @entity1 at low risk have good outcomes simply with intensive anticoagulation treatment. Higher-risk @entity1 may require more aggressive intervention with thrombolysis or embolectomy. Clinical risk factors for an adverse outcome include increasing age, @entity5 , @entity712 , systemic arterial @entity551 , @entity1030 and @entity67 . A promising approach is the Geneva Prognostic Score, which is based upon a rapid clinical assessment. On physical examination, signs of @entity67 , including distended jugular veins and a right-sided S3 gallop, should be looked for. The electrocardiogram may show evidence of right ventricular strain with a new @entity714 or T wave inversion in leads V1-V4. The troponin level may be elevated as a marker of @entity299 and right ventricular microinfarction, even in the absence of @entity453 . The most useful imaging marker of high risk is the presence of moderate or severe right @entity2554 and hypokinesis on the echocardiogram, especially with progressively worsening right ventricular function despite intensive anticoagulation treatment. @entity1 at high risk should be considered for thrombolytic therapy or embolectomy rather than management with anticoagulation therapy alone. Special care must be taken to avoid thrombolytic therapy among @entity1 who might be susceptible to @entity932 . @entity932 reached a surprisingly high rate of 3.0% in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry of 2,454 prospectively evaluated @entity1151 @entity1 at 52 hospitals in seven countries. An alternative approach to @entity1 at high risk is a catheter-based or open surgical embolectomy. It is crucial to refer these @entity1 as quickly as possible, rather than delaying intervention until cardiogenic shock has ensued. Fortunately the current tools for risk stratification provide an "early window" for prognostication and can help the coordination of a definitive treatment plan with optimal results.

title: Modern treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial haemorrhage', 'intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure', 'right ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: The incidence of @entity174 is greater in @entity1 with hemodialysis than in the general population. Surgically created @entity2548 are widely used in end-stage @entity177 @entity1 for the vascular access of hemodialysis. Despite occurrence of @entity174 at the @entity292 site in the forearm, bone mineral density is similar in both arms. The effects of @entity2548 on @entity174 healing have not been widely studied. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that a @entity174 distal to a surgically-created @entity2548 has negative effects in a @entity35 osteotomy model. The tibial bones were @entity174 in a monocortical fashion bilaterally. No fixation method was used. The right side was used as control. On the left side of the @entity35 , a side-to-side arteriovenous @entity254 was done between the common femoral vessels proximal to the @entity174 line under magnification with the operating microscope. Three weeks later, bone segments, including the monocortical osteotomy line, were removed and examined histopathologically. Although the gross appearance of callus formation was not different in both groups, histopathologically, there were more dead medullary bone and less cartilage cells around the osteotomy line in the bone associated with the @entity2548 . But with short-term evaluation of the @entity174 sites after opening an arteriovenous connection proximal to the @entity174 site, no real difference was noted related to @entity174 healing.

title: XXXX and bone healing: experimental study in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractured', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas', 'arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['Arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: The incidence of @entity174 is greater in @entity1 with hemodialysis than in the general population. Surgically created @entity2548 are widely used in end-stage @entity177 @entity1 for the vascular access of hemodialysis. Despite occurrence of @entity174 at the @entity292 site in the forearm, bone mineral density is similar in both arms. The effects of @entity2548 on @entity174 healing have not been widely studied. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that a @entity174 distal to a surgically-created @entity2548 has negative effects in a @entity35 osteotomy model. The tibial bones were @entity174 in a monocortical fashion bilaterally. No fixation method was used. The right side was used as control. On the left side of the @entity35 , a side-to-side arteriovenous @entity254 was done between the common femoral vessels proximal to the @entity174 line under magnification with the operating microscope. Three weeks later, bone segments, including the monocortical osteotomy line, were removed and examined histopathologically. Although the gross appearance of callus formation was not different in both groups, histopathologically, there were more dead medullary bone and less cartilage cells around the osteotomy line in the bone associated with the @entity2548 . But with short-term evaluation of the @entity174 sites after opening an arteriovenous connection proximal to the @entity174 site, no real difference was noted related to @entity174 healing.

title: @entity2548 and bone healing: experimental study in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Purified brush border membranes were obtained from homogenized jejunal epithelial cells of @entity291 by divalent cation aggregation of nonbrush border membranes and differential centrifugation. Membrane marker enzyme assays determined effectiveness of the fractionation procedure. Compared with cellular homogenate, maltase and @entity1372 +- @entity972 +- @entity859 triphosphatase specific activities in the membrane fraction isolated from the interface of discontinuous (35 and 45% wt/wt) sucrose gradients increased 14.5- and 1.9-fold whereas enzyme recoveries averaged 20.2 and 2.4%. These data indicate significant enrichment in brush border membranes with minimal basolateral membrane contamination. @entity5222 formed from this membrane fraction had a predominately (93%) luminal side out orientation. After incubating vesicles with radiolabeled substrates, vesicles and accumulated substrates were separated from the incubation buffer by filtration and substrate uptake quantified by liquid scintillation counting. Observed uptake was the result of substrate accumulation within an osmotically active intravesicular space and was not due to nonspecific binding of the substrate to vesicular membranes. @entity5222 exhibited @entity1372 -dependent and independent substrate uptake pathways and were able to discriminate between substrate stereoisomers for uptake. Major differences were not detected between results obtained with vesicles prepared from fresh or frozen intestines. These vesicles can be utilized to investigate nutrient uptake by the @entity291 small intestine.

title: Preparation of brush border membrane vesicles from fresh and frozen XXXX intestine for nutrient uptake studies.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute perforated @entity1049 has a mortality rate of up to 30 per cent, but little is known about its aetiology. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that three classes of drugs, namely non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioid analgesics and @entity288 , are risk factors for perforated @entity66 . METHODS: All @entity1 with confirmed perforated @entity1049 were identified over a 5-year period in two hospitals in Norfolk, UK. Two control groups were selected and matched for age, sex and hospital of admission. Data on medication use were obtained from hospital records. Odds ratios for each drug were calculated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Opioid analgesics, NSAIDs and @entity288 were all positively associated with perforated @entity1049 . The odds ratio for opioid analgesics was 1.8 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.1 to 3.0) in the analysis with ophthalmology controls and 3.1 (95 per cent c.i. 1.8 to 5.5) in that with dermatology controls. Respective odds ratios for NSAIDs were 4.0 (95 per cent c.i. 2.1 to 7.6) and 3.7 (95 per cent c.i. 2.0 to 6.8), and those for @entity288 were 5.7 (95 per cent c.i. 2.2 to 14.4) and 7.8 (95 per cent c.i. 2.6 to 23.3). CONCLUSION: Opioid analgesics, NSAIDs and @entity288 are all positively associated with perforated @entity1049 . The consistency of these associations, together with plausible biological mechanisms, suggests that these drugs may have a causative role in this condition.

title: Anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics and the risk of perforated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1049 :: (MESH:D003108,Disease) :: ['colonic diverticular disease']


abstract: The male reproductive tract contains two different isoenzymes of @entity32256 ( @entity32256 ), i.e., pulmonary and testicular @entity32256 . The present study shows selectively the cellular distribution of the @entity32256 isoenzymes in the reproductive tract of male @entity95 , using indirect immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase methods. Testicular @entity32256 was found in the seminiferous tubules of the testes in spermatocytes containing mature spermatids, and in spermatids within the epididymal tubular lumen in sexually mature, but not in immature, @entity95 . Epididymal tubular cells contained pulmonary @entity32256 . In the young @entity95 , epididymal tissue contained more @entity32256 than that in adult @entity95 , since @entity32256 was observed in principal cells in addition to basal cells. In mature @entity95 , @entity32256 was observed in basal cells only. Strong staining for pulmonary @entity32256 was observed in cells of the vas deferens in both young and adult @entity95 . Therefore, synthesis of epididymal @entity32256 , unlike the testicular isoenzyme, was not stimulated by sexual maturation. Enzymatically active @entity32256 in seminal fluid corresponds to the pulmonary isoenzyme. The present study indicates that this seminal fluid @entity32256 may originate from cells of the epididymal tubules, particularly those of the vas deferens. Endothelial cells of blood vessels lying in the interstitium of both testicular and epididymal tissue contained the pulmonary isoenzyme.

title: Immunohistochemical localization of two angiotensin I-converting isoenzymes in the reproductive tract of the male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32256 :: ('100009274(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin I-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'rabbits']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: This study was carried out to determine the pathways along which two strains of @entity33601 (JV), the pathogenic XJV and the attenuated XJC13V, reach the CNS following IP inoculation of 2-day-old @entity35 . A sequential study of infectivity and antigen distribution in peritoneal macrophages, spleen, and brain was performed. Mortality was 85% with the former strain, but only 15% with the latter. At 4-7 days PI, XJV-infected animals had viral antigen in 10% of peritoneal macrophages. @entity646 and spleen virus lasted for 10-15 days. Low brain titers were detected at day 7, with a peak at day 15. Brain antigen correlated with virus titers. In contrast, XJC13V-infected rats, macrophage antigen appeared later and to a lesser degree (1% of cells). @entity646 and spleen virus were transient, while both the @entity778 and the viral antigen proved lower. Antibody titers were over twofold higher for XJ-infected animals. It is suggested that the different replication rate at the inoculation site could account for the greater ability of the XJV strain to reach the CNS. A greater antigen mass and/or more numerous antigenic determinants presented by the macrophage could explain the higher antibody titers found in XJ-injected @entity35 , which were unable, however, to prevent viral spread.

title: XXXX access to CNS by extraneural @entity35 inoculation.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['titer of brain virus']

answer: @entity33601 :: (11619,Species) :: ['Junin virus']


abstract: This study was carried out to determine the pathways along which two strains of @entity33601 (JV), the pathogenic XJV and the attenuated XJC13V, reach the CNS following IP inoculation of 2-day-old @entity35 . A sequential study of infectivity and antigen distribution in peritoneal macrophages, spleen, and brain was performed. Mortality was 85% with the former strain, but only 15% with the latter. At 4-7 days PI, XJV-infected animals had viral antigen in 10% of peritoneal macrophages. @entity646 and spleen virus lasted for 10-15 days. Low brain titers were detected at day 7, with a peak at day 15. Brain antigen correlated with virus titers. In contrast, XJC13V-infected rats, macrophage antigen appeared later and to a lesser degree (1% of cells). @entity646 and spleen virus were transient, while both the @entity778 and the viral antigen proved lower. Antibody titers were over twofold higher for XJ-infected animals. It is suggested that the different replication rate at the inoculation site could account for the greater ability of the XJV strain to reach the CNS. A greater antigen mass and/or more numerous antigenic determinants presented by the macrophage could explain the higher antibody titers found in XJ-injected @entity35 , which were unable, however, to prevent viral spread.

title: @entity33601 access to CNS by extraneural XXXX inoculation.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity4942 ( @entity4942 ) occurs in a third of the childbirths preterm, this represents 8% of all pregnancies, with same morbidity and mortality in developing and developed countries, @entity4942 is the more common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, making this obstetric complication a worldwide problem of health, since it contributes to the economic problem for the cost risen in medical attention for both, mothers and live birth. @entity4942 is considered a mutifactorial entity. This study was carried out in the Hospital de Ginecolog  a y Obstetricia of the Centro M  dico "La Raza" in Mexico City, where @entity1 entered in serial form with pregnancies from 27 to 34 weeks of gestation and spontaneous @entity4942 , without any other pathology. 120 @entity1 were included, with 26.8 +/- 5.9 year-old age. The gestational age with more frequency of @entity4942 were from 30 to 33 weeks, 22.5% of the @entity1 had 4 days with @entity4942 , 6 of this cases arrived up to 13 days with this complication at delivery. 2.5% of the @entity1 presented deciduitis, with adequated response to the use of antibiotics. When analyzing the hospital stay, a stay was observed from 4 to 7 days (5.26 +/- 1.96 M +/- SD), with a total cost for maternal stay of 2 millions 445,650 pesos. Those babies born had an average of 23 days of hospital stay and the total cot of the days of stay was 4 millions 963,978 pesos. Other costs were the attention of maternal and pediatrics specialty, the obstetric resolution of the pregnancy, obstetric ultrasonography and crystallographies. Thus, the total costs of the attention of this complication in these @entity1 with @entity4942 was of 10 millions 296,988 pesos. The international reference is the American dollar that was in 10 pesos for dollar to the moment of this study. The maternal morbidity is low to that described in previous studies, but in spite of the exhaustive efforts on the prevention, prediction, diagnosis and treatment, the premature rate due to @entity4942 has not diminished, however the rate of neonatal survival has been increased and the morbidity has diminished.

title: [Maternal and fetal morbidity in XXXX with premature rupture of the membrane after 27-week gestation. Causes and costs].

entities_list: @entity4942 :: ('MESH:D005322', 'Disease') :: ['PROM', 'Premature rupture of the membranes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']