abstract: A polyvalent @entity320 antigen vaccine was prepared from antigens shed by a pool of @entity1 @entity320 cells cultured in serum-free medium. The vaccine contained multiple @entity320 associated antigens (MAAs) and was free of detectable fetal calf serum (FCS) proteins and Dr antigens. Three batches of vaccine prepared several months apart contained the same spectrum of @entity5 antigens. Thirteen @entity1 with metastatic @entity320 were immunized intradermally with escalating doses of the vaccine in a Phase I study. There was no @entity137 other than transient @entity110 at the injection site. Humoral immunity, assayed by indirect immunoprecipitation, was augmented in five (38%) @entity1 . Cellular immunity, assayed by delayed-type cutaneous @entity56 , was induced in four (31%) @entity1 . Skin tests to a control vaccine prepared from pooled allogeneic lymphocytes were negative. Cutaneous metastases regressed completely in one @entity1 who is now disease free after 2 years, and multiple cutaneous metastases have remained stable for 14 months in another @entity1 . These results indicate that active immunization to a partially characterized polyvalent @entity320 antigen vaccine is safe and can increase immunity to @entity320 in some @entity1 .

title: Preparation and characterization of a polyvalent human XXXX antigen vaccine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanomas', 'melanoma tumor']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The loss of telomeric DNA with each cell division contributes to the limited replicative lifespan of @entity1 T lymphocytes. Although telomerase is transiently expressed in T lymphocytes upon activation, it is insufficient to confer immortality. We have previously shown that immortalization of @entity1 CD8+ T lymphocytes can be achieved by ectopic expression of the @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) gene, which encodes for the catalytic component of the telomerase complex. To study the role of endogenous @entity2215 in the lifespan of @entity1 T cells, we blocked endogenous @entity2215 expression by ectopic expression of dominant-negative (DN) @entity2215 . Cells expressing DN- @entity2215 had a decreased lifespan and showed @entity2008 , including chromosome ends without detectable telomeric DNA as well as chromosome fusions. These results indicate that while endogenous @entity2215 cannot prevent overall telomere @entity3207 , it has a major influence on the longevity of @entity1 T cells. Furthermore, we show that up-regulation of @entity2215 in T cells upon activation decreases over time in culture. Long-term-cultured T cells also show a decreased expression of @entity517 upon activation, resulting in less @entity517 -induced transcription of @entity2215 . Moreover, memory T cells, which have expanded in vivo upon antigen encounter, expressed a lower level of @entity2215 upon activation than naive cells from the same donor. The observed inverse correlation between telomerase levels and replicative history suggests that telomerase levels in T cells are limiting and increasingly insufficient to sustain their proliferation.

title: Telomerase levels control the lifespan of XXXX T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['cytogenetic abnormalities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of environmental/lifestyle factors on @entity0 risk may be modified by genetic predisposition. METHODS: In a population-based case-control-family study performed in Germany including 706 cases by age 50 years, 1381 population, and 252 sister controls, we investigated main effects for environmental/lifestyle factors and genetic susceptibility and gene-environment interaction (G x E). Different surrogate measures for genetic predisposition using pedigree information were used: first-degree family history of @entity5344 ; and gene carrier probability using a genetic model based on rare dominant genes. Possible G x E interaction was studied by (1) logistic regression using cases and population controls including an interaction term; (2) comparing results using sister controls and population controls; (3) case-only analysis with logistic regression and (4) a mixture logistic model. RESULTS: Familial predisposition showed the strongest main effect and the estimated gene carrier probability gave the best fit. High parity and longer duration of breastfeeding reduced @entity0 risk significantly, a history of abortions increased risk and age at menarche showed no significant effect. We found significant G x E interaction between parity and genetic susceptibility using different surrogate measures. In @entity1 most likely to have a high genetic susceptibility, high parity was less protective. Later age at menarche was protective in @entity1 with a positive family history. No evidence for G x E interaction was found for breastfeeding and abortion. CONCLUSIONS: These findings corroborate results from other studies and provide further evidence that the magnitude of protection from parity is reduced in @entity1 most likely to have a genetic risk in spite of the limitations of using surrogate genetic measures.

title: Reproductive factors and familial predisposition for XXXX by age 50 years. A case-control-family study for assessing main effects and possible gene-environment interaction.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast or ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A potent transcriptional enhancer was previously identified upstream of the @entity19 renin gene. Within the enhancer is a TGACCT direct-repeat motif, required for enhancer activity, that is the consensus sequence recognized by members of the thyroid hormone subfamily of @entity134 hormone receptors. We previously reported that RAR/RXR bind to this sequence and mediate the induction of renin promoter activity by @entity4878 . However, gel mobility shift assays clearly show that other as yet unidentified factors also bind to this motif. In order to identify some of these TGACCT binding factors, we screened a @entity375 one-hybrid cDNA library derived from @entity19 @entity19 cells. One of these encoded the orphan nuclear receptor @entity39768 . Recombinant @entity39768 was purified from @entity526 and an antipeptide antisera was generated. EMSA showed that purified recombinant @entity39768 specifically binds the TGACCT direct-repeat motif. Transfection assays showed that @entity39768 potently decreases both baseline and @entity554 -induced @entity19 renin promoter activity in a dose-dependent, enhancer-dependent, and sequence-specific manner. Mutations in @entity39768 , which abolish its binding to the TGACCT motif, also abolish transcriptional repression. @entity39768 was identified as a nuclear protein in @entity19 cells, is one of the proteins binding to the TGACCT repeat motif, and its overexpression can repress transcription of the endogenous renin gene in @entity19 cells. These data suggest that @entity39768 is a negative modulator of renin gene transcription in @entity19 cells, and that the renin enhancer may actually encode a complex positive and negative regulator of transcription.

title: Identification of a nuclear orphan receptor ( XXXX ) as a negative regulator of renin gene transcription.

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity39768 :: (13587(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Ear2']


abstract: The distribution of P2X(2) purine receptor subunit immunoreactivity has been investigated in the @entity19 gastrointestinal tract. Immunoreactivity occurred in intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs) associated with myenteric @entity21 throughout the gastrointestinal tract. In the esophagus, IGLEs supplied every myenteric @entity4494 . The proportion of @entity21 supplied decreased from 85% in the stomach to 10% in the ileum, and from 50% in the caecum to 15% in the distal colon. There was substantial loss of IGLEs from myenteric @entity21 of all abdominal regions after bilateral subdiaphragmatic section of the vagus nerves. IGLEs in the esophagus consisted of dense clusters of punctate immunoreactive varicosities. In the stomach and duodenum they had prominent lamellar processes and irregular, but smaller, lamellae were found in other regions. Rare immunoreactive IGLEs occurred in the submucosa of the distal colon. P2X(2) receptor immunoreactivity was on the surfaces and in the cytoplasm of a minority of nerve cells in myenteric @entity21 . It is concluded that P2X(2) purine receptor immunoreactivity is a feature of IGLEs in the @entity19 , and that P2X receptor agonists may modulate sensitivity of the IGLEs.

title: P2X(2) purine receptor immunoreactivity of intraganglionic laminar endings in the XXXX gastrointestinal tract.

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In this study, the pitfalls of @entity5 measurement in the nude @entity19 were evaluated. Regarding intermethod variation, diameters of subcutaneous @entity5 in @entity19 were expressed as length, area, and volume; @entity5 weights were also recorded. These measurements were all compared to a reference standard: water displacement volume. Estimates of area and volume derived from caliper measurements correlated well with water displacement volume (r = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively). At necropsy, @entity5 weight was the most consistent and reproducible reflection of @entity5 volume (r = 1.0000). Regarding interobserver variation, mean absolute difference among volumes determined by several investigators who measured the same @entity5 in living animals was determined. This averaged 15% of the mean calculated volume. Regarding intraobserver variation, observers measured four separate masses in @entity19 eight times each. The observers were prevented from realizing that the same animals were being repeatedly evaluated. Volumes were compared in order to quantify the average variation that occurs when a single investigator repeatedly measures the same mass. When large masses were measured, this error was 7%; when small masses were measured, the error was 27%. Recommendations are made for future work employing @entity5 measurement.

title: Tumor measurement in the nude XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['nude mice', 'mouse']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: More than 90% of @entity5 are @entity189 . Early symptoms are rare and usually ignored by the @entity1 . The most common symptoms present are enlarged cervical nodes. More than half of all @entity1 with @entity189 (58%) treated in the ENT-Clinic of the University of Munich had been admitted for further investigation because of @entity1600 . Enlarged cervical @entity1600 can be removed easily. Thus the value of a lymph node biopsy for early diagnosis of @entity189 was examined. Forty-five cases of occult @entity189 have been reviewed. In all cases a cervical lymph node had been removed as a first diagnostic procedure. The histological findings were compared to nasopharyngeal biopsies taken after different time intervals. Our clinico-pathological review has shown that, especially in @entity189 , the histological features of cervical @entity3 is always identical to the very characteristic primary lesions in the nasopharynx. Thus, the characteristic feature of this @entity5 type in a jugulo-digastric lymph node strongly suggests the presence of a primary @entity189 .

title: [Diagnostic value of cervical lymph node biopsy in suspected XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'nasopharyngeal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lymph node enlargement', 'lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'nasopharyngeal carcinomas', 'undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal cancer']


abstract: Forty-two previously untreated @entity1 with predominantly stage IV (35) head and @entity213 were treated preoperatively with @entity1138 and @entity1487 and concomitant radiotherapy with 5,000 to 6,000 rad using a split-course technique. Toxic reactions were acceptable. Five @entity1 developed severe @entity33 . The white blood cell count fell to 1,500/cu mm in two @entity1 ; the platelet count fell to 100,000/cu mm in three. Other complications occurred in three @entity1 . Eighty-six percent of @entity1 completed advised treatment. Complete response, assessed clinically and with histologic correlation, was 79% at primary sites and 69% at nodal sites. Twenty-seven @entity1 had a complete response (64%). Follow-up currently is between ten and 24 months. Though analysis of disease-free intervals and survival data is premature, the high complete response rates in this study are encouraging.

title: XXXX and @entity1487 with concomitant radiotherapy in head and neck cancer.

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['Mitomycin']


abstract: Forty-two previously untreated @entity1 with predominantly stage IV (35) head and @entity213 were treated preoperatively with @entity1138 and @entity1487 and concomitant radiotherapy with 5,000 to 6,000 rad using a split-course technique. Toxic reactions were acceptable. Five @entity1 developed severe @entity33 . The white blood cell count fell to 1,500/cu mm in two @entity1 ; the platelet count fell to 100,000/cu mm in three. Other complications occurred in three @entity1 . Eighty-six percent of @entity1 completed advised treatment. Complete response, assessed clinically and with histologic correlation, was 79% at primary sites and 69% at nodal sites. Twenty-seven @entity1 had a complete response (64%). Follow-up currently is between ten and 24 months. Though analysis of disease-free intervals and survival data is premature, the high complete response rates in this study are encouraging.

title: @entity1138 and XXXX with concomitant radiotherapy in head and neck cancer.

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To pilot a second support group intervention study promoting self-transcendence perspectives and activities and to document changes over time in well-being in support group @entity1 compared with nonparticipants. DESIGN: Quasiexperimental, partial randomization, preference trial design. SETTING: An urban @entity0 resource center established by survivors. SAMPLE: 41 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity0 were recruited, and 39 completed the study. 22 @entity1 participated in three intervention support groups; 17 were in a comparison group. METHODS: The intervention was an eight-week, closed support group based on self-transcendence theory. Data were collected three times during 14 months. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Support group intervention, self-transcendence, and emotional and physical well-being. FINDINGS: The intervention group had lower scores than the comparison group on self-transcendence and well-being variables at baseline (time [T] 1). Scores were higher for both groups postintervention (T2), with no differences between groups. One year postintervention (T3), intervention group scores again were lower than comparison group scores. Intervention group T3 scores were unchanged from T2. CONCLUSIONS: Most potential @entity1 were unwilling to risk being randomized into a nonpreferred group. Activities based on self-transcendence theory were associated with expanded perspectives and activities and an improved sense of well-being in support group @entity1 at the end of the intervention, but not one year later. Findings from the pilot studies informed a study currently in progress. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses should maintain awareness of local resources for support and make that information available to @entity1 when they are newly diagnosed with @entity0 , during their treatment, and later.

title: Facilitation of self-transcendence in a XXXX support group: II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity179 following a history of neurotrauma is frequently associated with @entity73 . In order to enhance understanding about the underlying pathophysiology linking neurotrauma to @entity179 , a multi-model preclinical approach must be established to account for the different @entity130 and pathophysiologic mechanisms. We investigated the development of tau pathology and behavioral changes using a multi-model and multi-institutional approach, comparing the preclinical results to @entity13859 patterns seen in post-mortem @entity1 samples from athletes diagnosed with @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ). We utilized a scaled and validated blast-induced @entity131 model in @entity35 and a modified pneumatic closed-head impact model in @entity19 . Tau hyperphosphorylation was evaluated by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Elevated-plus maze and Morris water maze were employed to measure impulsive-like behavior and @entity73 respectively. Animals exposed to single blast (~50 PSI reflected peak overpressure) exhibited elevated AT8 immunoreactivity in the contralateral hippocampus at 1   month compared to controls (q   =   3.96, p   <   0.05). Animals exposed to repeat blast (six blasts over 2   weeks) had increased AT8 (q   =   8.12, p   <   0.001) and AT270 (q   =   4.03, p   <   0.05) in the contralateral hippocampus at 1   month @entity130 compared to controls. In the modified controlled closed-head impact @entity19 model, no significant difference in AT8 was seen at 7   days, however a significant elevation was detected at 1   month following injury in the ipsilateral hippocampus compared to control (q   =   4.34, p   <   0.05). Elevated-plus maze data revealed that @entity35 exposed to single blast (q   =   3.53, p   <   0.05) and repeat blast (q   =   4.21, p   <   0.05) spent more time in seconds exploring the open arms compared to controls. Morris water maze testing revealed a significant difference between groups in acquisition times on days 22-27. During the probe trial, single blast (t   =   6.44, p   <   0.05) and repeat blast (t   =   8.00, p   <   0.05) @entity35 spent less time in seconds exploring where the platform had been located compared to controls. This study provides a multi-model example of replicating tau and behavioral changes in animals and provides a foundation for future investigation of @entity8638 pathophysiology and therapeutic development.

title: The Quest to Model XXXX : A Multiple Model and Injury Paradigm Experience.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'Chronic neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['CTE disease', 'CTE', 'chronic traumatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury paradigms', 'post-injury']

answer: @entity8638 :: (MESH:D020208,Disease) :: ['Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy']


abstract: @entity1319 were recorded in 16 @entity1 albinos with a scleral search coil technique. Spontaneous @entity346 , responses to target steps, voluntary pursuit and @entity346 ( @entity346 ) were assessed, including the effects of selective stimulation of the nasal or temporal halves of the retina. The results suggest a subdivision of albinos into three classes of oculomotor behaviour. Class I (n = 11) is characterized by @entity346 (of the pendular unidirectional jerk or bidirectional jerk type), the absence of true horizontal @entity346 but the presence of the ability to control the direction of gaze in an imprecise way. In Class II (n = 2) there is a vigorous unidirectional jerk @entity346 which reverses in direction spontaneously or as a result of visual stimulation. Moving stimuli typically elicited inverted pursuit, the smooth @entity1319 having a direction opposite to that of the stimulus movement. Class III (n = 3) is characterized by very little or no spontaneous @entity346 and virtually normal oculomotor responses. Only pursuit of motion in the temporal direction, projected onto the temporal half retina, was defective. In all three classes, vertical @entity1319 were disturbed much less than horizontal. Anomalous visual projections (confirmed in all subjects by asymmetrical monocular visual evoked cortical potentials) are a likely basic cause underlying the oculomotor instability, but the large intersubject differences show that the eventual consequences of misrouting and secondary adaptations can vary widely among subjects.

title: The oculomotor behaviour of XXXX albinos.

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['optokinetic nystagmus', 'OKN', 'vigorous spontaneous nystagmus', 'nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Horizontal and vertical eye movements', 'eye movements']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Background and Aims. The aim of the present study was to determine the estimates of minimal clinically important difference for @entity191 Sleep Scale 2nd version (PDSS-2) total score and dimensions. Methods. The subject population consisted of 413 @entity1726 @entity1 . At baseline, MDS-UPDRS, Hoehn-Yahr Scale, Mattis @entity303 Rating Scale, and PDSS-2 were assessed. Nine months later the PDSS-2 was reevaluated with the @entity1 -Reported Global Impression Improvement Scale. Both anchor-based techniques (within @entity1 ' score change method and sensitivity- and specificity-based method by receiver operating characteristic analysis) and distribution-based approaches (effect size calculations) were utilized to determine the magnitude of minimal clinically important difference. Results. According to our results, any improvements larger than -3.44 points or worsening larger than 2.07 points can represent clinically important changes for the @entity1 . These thresholds have the effect size of 0.21 and -0.21, respectively. Conclusions. Minimal clinically important differences are the smallest change of scores that are subjectively meaningful to @entity1 . Studies using the PDSS-2 as outcome measure should utilize the threshold of -3.44 points for detecting improvement or the threshold of 2.07 points for observing worsening.

title: Minimal Clinically Important Difference on XXXX Sleep Scale 2nd Version.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The common trunk of the @entity432 (FPA) arising from the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) associated with a @entity1756 ( @entity439 ), is rare. CASE DESCRIPTION: The @entity1 was a 52-year-old @entity1 who suffered from @entity510 . Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography revealed an elongated and tortuous left A1 segment of the ACA and a saccular @entity439 arising from the left A1 segment of the ACA at the origin of the cortical branch, defining its location just on the midline and behind the anterior communicating artery. This vessel had two branches. One branch ran along the inferior surface of the @entity75 , and the other branch ran anteriorly and medially along the surface of the left hemisphere toward the frontal pole. The anomalous artery was interpreted as a common trunk of the FOA and FPA. Bifrontal craniotomy was performed. The anomalous artery arose from the A1 segment of the ACA at the origin of the @entity439 , and the recurrent artery of Heubner branched off the anomalous artery. The @entity439 was successfully obliterated, clipping with a bayonet-shaped Yasargil @entity702 clip. @entity439 and patency of both the A1 and the common trunk of the FOA and FPA, were confirmed intraoperatively by @entity3194 angiography. CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing this variant preoperatively, could be helpful in preventing the complications of surgery.

title: An unusual variant of the common trunk of the fronto-orbital and frontopolar arteries associated with a XXXX of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery.

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'Complete AN occlusion']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['fronto-orbital artery (FOA) and frontopolar artery']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured aneurysm']


abstract: @entity583 is associated with the rapid induction of mononuclear cell chemoattractants that promote monocyte infiltration into the injured area. Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and macrophage proliferation allow a long survival of monocytic cells, critical for effective healing of the @entity1188 . In a @entity235 @entity1188 -reperfusion model, newly recruited myeloid leukocytes were markedly augmented during early reperfusion (5-72 h). By 7 days, the number of newly recruited myeloid cells was reduced, and the majority of the inflammatory cells remaining in the @entity1188 were mature macrophages. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) is known to facilitate monocyte survival, monocyte-to-macrophage conversion, and macrophage proliferation. We demonstrated marked induction of MCSF mRNA in @entity63 segments persisting for at least 5 days after reperfusion. MCSF expression was predominantly localized to mature macrophages infiltrating the infarcted @entity1562 ; the expression of the MCSF receptor, c-Fms, a protein with @entity4149 kinase activity, was found in these macrophages but was also observed in a subset of microvessels within the @entity1188 . Many @entity1188 macrophages expressed proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker of proliferative activity. In vitro MCSF induced @entity14119 synthesis in @entity235 venous endothelial cells. MCSF-induced endothelial @entity14119 upregulation was inhibited by @entity11615 , a @entity4149 kinase inhibitor, and by @entity2306 , a @entity4357 3'-kinase inhibitor. We suggest that upregulation of MCSF in the infarcted @entity1562 may have an active role in healing not only through its effects on cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage, but also by regulating endothelial cell chemokine expression.

title: MCSF expression is induced in healing XXXX and may regulate monocyte and endothelial cell phenotype.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity11615 :: ('MESH:C020754', 'Chemical') :: ['herbimycin A']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity14119 :: ('403981(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarcts']


abstract: @entity5 grade has been proposed as an essential factor in the staging of @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 . In a previous study, a histopathologic grading system using the evaluation of @entity5 differentiation, mitosis count, and @entity5 @entity39 was described. The current study was conducted to test its reproducibility. The pathologic sections of 25 soft tissue @entity242 were submitted to a study group composed of 15 pathologists who had not been involved in the development of the grading system. The results were compared with those of a panel group. The crude proportion in agreement observed between the study group and the panel group was 81% for the evaluation of @entity5 @entity39 , 74% for @entity5 differentiation, and 73% for the mitosis count. The crude proportion in agreement for the @entity5 grade was 75%, which was significantly better than the crude agreement rate of 61% for the diagnosis of histologic type (P = 0.001). A kappa statistical analysis, to check the possibility of chance-related concordance, showed a proportion in agreement of 68%. A two-way variance analysis showed that the homogeneity of the evaluation of @entity5 grade is impaired by @entity5 -related and observer-related factors. However, an improvement may be obtained by better training of pathologists. We conclude that the @entity5 grading system developed inside the French Federation of Cancer Centers, although perfectible, already provides reliable prognostic information and its use in prospective clinical studies may provide more information about its clinical usefulness.

title: Reproducibility of a histopathologic grading system for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['adult soft tissue sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is strikingly limited information on linear growth and weight in the different types of @entity6926 ( @entity6926 ). Here, we define growth patterns further with the intent of implementing appropriate adaptations proactively. METHODS: We report cross-sectional anthropometric data for 343 subjects with different @entity6926 types (144 @entity1 , 199 adults). Longitudinal height data for 36 @entity1 (18 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ) with @entity6926 and 10 @entity1 (8 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ) with @entity6926 @entity164 were obtained. RESULTS: In all cases, the height Z-scores were negatively impacted, and final height Z-scores were impacted the most. In type I, the growth velocities taper near puberty, and there is a blunted pubertal growth spurt. The growth velocities of @entity1 with @entity164 decelerate before age 5 y; poor growth continues without an obvious pubertal growth spurt. Obesity is a concern for all @entity1 with @entity6926 , with @entity164 @entity1 being the most affected. CONCLUSION: The linear growth patterns, in addition to the marked increase in weight over time, indicate a need for lifestyle modifications early in childhood, especially a need for weight control. Further definition of the anthropometric measures in @entity6926 enables @entity1 to begin modifications as early as possible.Pediatric Research (2015); doi:10.1038/pr.2015.230.

title: Cross-sectional and longitudinal growth patterns in XXXX : implications for clinical care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta', 'OI', 'OI type I']

answer: @entity6926 :: (MESH:D010013,Disease) :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: The effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the internal pallidum ( @entity14243 ) on the @entity191 triad and on levodopa-induced @entity910 are very similar. The antiakinetic effect of STN DBS seems to be slightly better. On the contrary to pallidal DBS, stimulation of the STN allows to reduce dopaminergic treatment by more than 50p.100 on average. Moreover, the current drain is smaller in STN. Thus, the STN is a low budget target compared to the @entity14243 . STN DBS seems to be as effective on @entity1726 @entity400 as stimulation of the classic thalamic target, the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim), whereas Vim stimulation has no effect on @entity910 and very little on levodopa-induced @entity910 . Thus, the STN has become the main target nucleus for DBS in @entity1726 , which is most often performed bilaterally in one surgical procedure. There is a good correlation of the preoperative response to levodopa and postoperative effects of bilateral STN DBS and this defines the @entity1 population. Given the large @entity1 population, simple guidelines for @entity1 selection are developed. The referring physician can preselect @entity1 based mainly on age (less than 70), absence of @entity303 and presence of severe disability related to motor fluctuations or @entity910 . It is the responsibility of the operating centre to determine the levodopa response, to confirm the diagnosis, to rule out contraindications and to make sure that the medical treatment cannot be further optimised. Severe surgical complications with permanent sequels are relatively rare, about 1p.100 per implanted side. The @entity1 selection, the precision of the surgery and the quality of the postoperative follow-up are the three main determinants of success.

title: [ XXXX : deep brain stimulation]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias', 'akinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: It is not clear what serum levels of anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor are associated with reduced intestinal @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ). We aimed to identify serum levels of infliximab and adalimumab associated with @entity33 in @entity1 with @entity29 and to evaluate the putative gain in control of @entity32 by incremental increases in drug levels. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 145 @entity1 with @entity29 treated with infliximab (n  = 78) or adalimumab (n  = 67) at a medical center in Israel from 2009 through 2014. We collected data from colonoscopy examinations; @entity33 was defined as simple endoscopic score of <3 or a Mayo score  <=1. These data were compared with serum levels of anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor agents, clinical scores, and levels of C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Median serum levels of infliximab and adalimumab were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity33 than @entity1 with active disease (based on endoscopy) (for infliximab, 4.3 vs 1.7  g/mL, P  = .0002; for adalimumab, 6.2 vs 3.1  g/mL, P  = .01). Levels of infliximab above 5   g/mL (area under the curve  = 0.75; P < .0001) and levels of adalimumab above 7.1  g/mL (area under the curve  = 0.7; P  = .004) identified @entity1 with @entity33 with 85% specificity. Increasing levels of infliximab beyond 8  g/mL produced only minimal increases in the rate of @entity33 , whereas the association between higher level of adalimumab and increased rate of @entity33 reached a plateau at 12  g/mL. In @entity1 with measurable levels of infliximab >3  g/mL, the presence of antibodies to infliximab was associated with a lower rate of @entity33 compared with @entity1 with similar drug level without antibodies (16% vs 50%, respectively; P  = .003). CONCLUSIONS: In a retrospective study, we found significant association between serum levels of anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor agents and level of @entity33 . We propose that serum levels of 6-10  g/mL for infliximab and 8-12  g/mL for adalimumab are required to achieve @entity33 in 80%-90% of @entity1 with @entity29 , and that this could be considered as a "therapeutic window." Exceeding these levels produces only a negligible gain in proportion of @entity1 with @entity33 .

title: Optimizing Anti-TNF-a Therapy: Serum Levels of Infliximab and  Adalimumab Are Associated With Mucosal Healing in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: It is not clear what serum levels of anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor are associated with reduced intestinal @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ). We aimed to identify serum levels of infliximab and adalimumab associated with @entity33 in @entity1 with @entity29 and to evaluate the putative gain in control of @entity32 by incremental increases in drug levels. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 145 @entity1 with @entity29 treated with infliximab (n  = 78) or adalimumab (n  = 67) at a medical center in Israel from 2009 through 2014. We collected data from colonoscopy examinations; @entity33 was defined as simple endoscopic score of <3 or a Mayo score  <=1. These data were compared with serum levels of anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor agents, clinical scores, and levels of C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Median serum levels of infliximab and adalimumab were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity33 than @entity1 with active disease (based on endoscopy) (for infliximab, 4.3 vs 1.7  g/mL, P  = .0002; for adalimumab, 6.2 vs 3.1  g/mL, P  = .01). Levels of infliximab above 5   g/mL (area under the curve  = 0.75; P < .0001) and levels of adalimumab above 7.1  g/mL (area under the curve  = 0.7; P  = .004) identified @entity1 with @entity33 with 85% specificity. Increasing levels of infliximab beyond 8  g/mL produced only minimal increases in the rate of @entity33 , whereas the association between higher level of adalimumab and increased rate of @entity33 reached a plateau at 12  g/mL. In @entity1 with measurable levels of infliximab >3  g/mL, the presence of antibodies to infliximab was associated with a lower rate of @entity33 compared with @entity1 with similar drug level without antibodies (16% vs 50%, respectively; P  = .003). CONCLUSIONS: In a retrospective study, we found significant association between serum levels of anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor agents and level of @entity33 . We propose that serum levels of 6-10  g/mL for infliximab and 8-12  g/mL for adalimumab are required to achieve @entity33 in 80%-90% of @entity1 with @entity29 , and that this could be considered as a "therapeutic window." Exceeding these levels produces only a negligible gain in proportion of @entity1 with @entity33 .

title: Optimizing Anti-TNF-a Therapy: Serum Levels of Infliximab and  Adalimumab Are Associated With Mucosal Healing in XXXX With @entity29 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Significance and clinical usefulness of exercise-induced changes of noninvasive left ventricular ejection time, recorded by mechanocardiography, in detecting @entity453 is still controversial. We investigated the changes of the left ventricular ejection time (LVET), corrected for heart rate as ETI (LVET/square root RR), after a standard 4-min exercise by bicycle ergometer (50 W/min for 2 min, increased by 20 W after 2 min) in 56 male volunteers. They were invasively studied for typical or atypical @entity662 . Thirty-four had @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and the others served as controls. Immediately after exercise LVET shortened according to the rise in heart rate in both groups. ETI increased similarly. After 2 minutes from exercise ETI increased only in the @entity453 group, according to a longer LVET, in spite of the rise in heart rate. In contrast, ETI was unchanged in controls, according to a shortened LVET. Totally, 27/34 @entity453 @entity1 and 9/22 controls had a greater ETI than at rest. Employing this delta ETI as a "marker" of @entity453 we found a predictive accuracy of 74%. We suggest postexercise ETI could be a simple and inexpensive support to electrocardiogram in basic evaluation of subjects with @entity662 .

title: Exercise-induced changes of left ventricular ejection time in noninvasive evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: MAIN PROBLEM: The microfill veneering of hybrid composite restorations has been indicated to improve esthetics. Also, @entity691 fiber reinforcement has been proposed for use in composite restorations in high-stress clinical situations. However, minimal information in the literature addresses the influence of such combinations on the resistance to @entity174 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the flexural strength of two composites, a microfill and a hybrid, the effect of their combination, and the influence of @entity691 fiber reinforcement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight specimens were prepared using a standard metallic mold (20x2x2 mm) and divided into groups of seven each: Filtek Z-250 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn., USA) (group I), Filtek A-110 (3M ESPE) (group II), Filtek Z-250 combined with Filtek A-110 (group III), and Filtek Z-250 combined with @entity691 fiber (Ribbond, Seattle, Wash., USA) (group IV). The specimens were stress-loaded to @entity174 in a three-point bending device according to International Standardization Organization (ISO) 4049. RESULTS: Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's test at a 0.05 level of significance. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups I and IV. Group II, however, exhibited statistically lower resistance to @entity174 than the other groups. Group III presented intermediate results, showing statistically higher @entity174 resistance than group II but lower than group I. CONCLUSIONS: With the methodology employed, microfill composite presented the lowest flexural strength, but its association with hybrid composite increased the resistance to @entity174 . The combination of @entity691 fiber and hybrid composite did not present higher flexural strength than hybrid composite alone.

title: Flexural strength of composites: influences of XXXX fiber reinforcement and type of composite.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity583 ( @entity583 ), which is characterized by chamber dilation and @entity409 , is associated with substantially higher mortality. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of @entity19812 on post-infarction @entity299 . @entity583 was constructed by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. In vitro, cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity583 were used to probe mechanism. @entity19812 significantly improved cardiac function, decreased cardiac enzyme and inflammatory cytokines release after @entity583 . Enhanced autophagic flux as indicated by more autophagosomes puncta, less accumulation of aggresomes and @entity10407 in the neonatal cardiomyocytes after @entity519 was observed in the @entity19812 pre-treatment group. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that @entity19812 up-regulated autophagy in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity583 . Furthermore, @entity19812 increased mitochondrial membrane potential, @entity855 content, @entity3736 synthase activity and complexes I/II/III/IV/V activities in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity583 . Interestingly, @entity1 sterile 20-like kinase 1 ( @entity39915 ) knockout abolished the protective effects of @entity19812 administration. @entity19812 enhances cardiac function, reduces cardiac enzyme and inflammatory markers release after @entity583 . The protective effects of @entity19812 are associated with up-regulation of autophagy and improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis through @entity39915 inhibition.

title: @entity19812 alleviates post-infarction @entity299 by up-regulating autophagy through XXXX inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'MI injury', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity39915 :: (4485,Gene) :: ['Mst1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity583 ( @entity583 ), which is characterized by chamber dilation and @entity409 , is associated with substantially higher mortality. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of @entity19812 on post-infarction @entity299 . @entity583 was constructed by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. In vitro, cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity583 were used to probe mechanism. @entity19812 significantly improved cardiac function, decreased cardiac enzyme and inflammatory cytokines release after @entity583 . Enhanced autophagic flux as indicated by more autophagosomes puncta, less accumulation of aggresomes and @entity10407 in the neonatal cardiomyocytes after @entity519 was observed in the @entity19812 pre-treatment group. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that @entity19812 up-regulated autophagy in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity583 . Furthermore, @entity19812 increased mitochondrial membrane potential, @entity855 content, @entity3736 synthase activity and complexes I/II/III/IV/V activities in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity583 . Interestingly, @entity1 sterile 20-like kinase 1 ( @entity39915 ) knockout abolished the protective effects of @entity19812 administration. @entity19812 enhances cardiac function, reduces cardiac enzyme and inflammatory markers release after @entity583 . The protective effects of @entity19812 are associated with up-regulation of autophagy and improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis through @entity39915 inhibition.

title: XXXX alleviates post-infarction @entity299 by up-regulating autophagy through @entity39915 inhibition.

answer: @entity19812 :: (MESH:D047311,Chemical) :: ['Luteolin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity583 ( @entity583 ), which is characterized by chamber dilation and @entity409 , is associated with substantially higher mortality. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of @entity19812 on post-infarction @entity299 . @entity583 was constructed by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. In vitro, cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity583 were used to probe mechanism. @entity19812 significantly improved cardiac function, decreased cardiac enzyme and inflammatory cytokines release after @entity583 . Enhanced autophagic flux as indicated by more autophagosomes puncta, less accumulation of aggresomes and @entity10407 in the neonatal cardiomyocytes after @entity519 was observed in the @entity19812 pre-treatment group. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that @entity19812 up-regulated autophagy in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity583 . Furthermore, @entity19812 increased mitochondrial membrane potential, @entity855 content, @entity3736 synthase activity and complexes I/II/III/IV/V activities in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity583 . Interestingly, @entity1 sterile 20-like kinase 1 ( @entity39915 ) knockout abolished the protective effects of @entity19812 administration. @entity19812 enhances cardiac function, reduces cardiac enzyme and inflammatory markers release after @entity583 . The protective effects of @entity19812 are associated with up-regulation of autophagy and improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis through @entity39915 inhibition.

title: @entity19812 alleviates post-infarction XXXX by up-regulating autophagy through @entity39915 inhibition.

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac dysfunction']


abstract: The plasma concentration of @entity17540 ( @entity4023 ; @entity15773 ) was measured in different vascular beds in order to determine regional kinetics of endogenous @entity15773 in fasting, supine subjects with normal (n = 6) or moderately decreased kidney function (n = 9). In both groups hepatic venous @entity15773 was significantly below the value obtained in plasma from pulmonary artery, inferior vena cava, and renal veins (P less than 0.001), giving a net hepato-splanchnic extraction ratio of @entity15773 about 33%. The concentration of @entity15773 in renal veins was significantly below that of the pulmonary artery and inferior vena cava (P less than 0.05). Average net renal extraction ratio of @entity15773 in normal kidneys was approximately 20%. Unilateral kidney function was assessed by 131I-hippuran renography, and the kidney with better function had a significantly higher extraction ratio when compared with the kidney with the lower function (P less than 0.025). @entity15773 was inversely correlated to glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.59, P less than 0.02). Assuming a plasma flow of 800 and 600 ml/min in normal liver and kidneys, respectively, the average normal plasma clearances of @entity15773 in these organs in the resting subject may be estimated to be 250 and 120 ml/min, respectively. The results indicate that the hepato-splanchnic region normally plays a major role in the biodegradation of endogenous circulating @entity15773 . The kidneys also eliminate the compound, presumably the low-molecular-weight fraction of the material. The results may explain abnormally high values of circulating @entity15773 in @entity1 with diseases in these organs.

title: Circulating hyaluronate: concentration in different vascular beds in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

entities_list: @entity17540 :: ('CHEBI:16336', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with injuries to the midface frequently sustain ophthalmic injuries and @entity174 to the facial bones. Despite this, basic ophthalmic examination and assessment of important clinical signs are often missing from the records of @entity1 attending the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). We implemented a structured record keeping tool to improve documentation for @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 with @entity130 . METHODS: At our institution, a structured record keeping tool was introduced to document important clinical features of @entity11253 . This assessment tool included 17 key clinical diagnostic signs and symptoms including a six-part basic ophthalmic examination. We audited 369 @entity1 attending the @entity341 with suspected midface bony injuries using this tool. RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement in the documentation of all six ophthalmic parameters was seen. The documentation rate of visual acuity increased by 41.1% (SE 2.8; p<0.001); @entity892 by 45% (2.9; p<0.001); double vision by 51% (2.9; p<0.001); lateral subconjunctival @entity548 with no posterior limit by 83% (2.6; p<0.001) and enopthalmous by 86% (2.4; p<0.001). Documenting whether pupils were equal and react to light increased by 14% (1.4; p<0.001). In addition, 10 out of 11 non-ophthalmic parameters showed significant improvement. The mean global record keeping score increased from 45.3% (95% CI 42.7% to 47.7%) to 99.1% (95% CI 98.2% to 100%; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates that a structured record keeping tool is a simple and effective method of significantly improving clinical documentation for @entity1 with @entity8494 presenting to the @entity341 .

title: Quality improvement in documentation for @entity1 with suspected XXXX : use of a structured record keeping tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11253 :: ('MESH:D008446', 'Disease') :: ['maxillofacial injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity8494 :: ('MESH:D005151', 'Disease') :: ['facial injuries']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['midface injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['facial fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with injuries to the midface frequently sustain ophthalmic injuries and @entity174 to the facial bones. Despite this, basic ophthalmic examination and assessment of important clinical signs are often missing from the records of @entity1 attending the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). We implemented a structured record keeping tool to improve documentation for @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 with @entity130 . METHODS: At our institution, a structured record keeping tool was introduced to document important clinical features of @entity11253 . This assessment tool included 17 key clinical diagnostic signs and symptoms including a six-part basic ophthalmic examination. We audited 369 @entity1 attending the @entity341 with suspected midface bony injuries using this tool. RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement in the documentation of all six ophthalmic parameters was seen. The documentation rate of visual acuity increased by 41.1% (SE 2.8; p<0.001); @entity892 by 45% (2.9; p<0.001); double vision by 51% (2.9; p<0.001); lateral subconjunctival @entity548 with no posterior limit by 83% (2.6; p<0.001) and enopthalmous by 86% (2.4; p<0.001). Documenting whether pupils were equal and react to light increased by 14% (1.4; p<0.001). In addition, 10 out of 11 non-ophthalmic parameters showed significant improvement. The mean global record keeping score increased from 45.3% (95% CI 42.7% to 47.7%) to 99.1% (95% CI 98.2% to 100%; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates that a structured record keeping tool is a simple and effective method of significantly improving clinical documentation for @entity1 with @entity8494 presenting to the @entity341 .

title: Quality improvement in documentation for XXXX with suspected @entity174 : use of a structured record keeping tool.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Brain transplantation of neurons may reach two different targets: (1) drug delivery system: e.g. dopaminergic (DA) neurons in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) or indirect gene therapy in @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ), and (2) organotypic reconstruction: e.g. striatal neurons in @entity2033 . Most published reports are phase 1, pilot trials: not all @entity1 are responders, graft is followed by a 30 p. 100 decrease of daily levodopa intake, with an improvement of duration and severity of defined "off" periods and a decrease of the UPDRS score measured in "off". Only one phase 2 trial is completed. A moderate improvement of motor symptoms was observed along with a decrease of daily antiparkinsonian drug intake. PET imaging with labelled fluorodopa shows typically an increase of Ki, meaning an increase of uptake in the striatum as compared to the cortex. @entity910 seen in some @entity1 suggest either a lesion effect into the striatum, or indicate that the heterotopy of the grafted neurons may be partially harmful to the motor pathways. Xenografts with porcine neurons led to poor survival. More than ten years following the first published results, whereas improvement of motor symptoms and reduction or cessation of dopaminergic drugs may be observed, transplantation remains a matter of technical and ethical concerns. It remains in the field of medical research. Many questions remain unanswered, namely: the best location and size of transplantation; the amount of grafted neurons; the need and duration of immunosuppressive treatments; the best source of neurons to be tarnsplanted and the long term effect as compared to other medical or surgical treatments. Nevertheless one can be convinced that this method may be not harmful to @entity1 and thus deserves new clinical trials aimed at giving logical and documented answers to the many questions asked above.

title: [Neuron transplantation and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: Medical therapy with a @entity935 agonist is the most effective for treatment of a prolactin-producing @entity652 and is considered as primary treatment. Surgery and pituitary radiation are reserved for @entity1 who either do not tolerate or do not respond to a @entity935 agonist drug. A @entity1943 analogue is effective medical therapy for @entity1 with @entity2012 , and this is usually administered if there is persistent GH hypersecretion after surgical resection. Medical treatment for @entity1 with @entity699 is directed at the adrenal glands to reduce @entity701 hypersecretion. Unfortunately, there is no effective medical therapy to reduce pituitary corticotropin production. Medical therapy for a @entity652 with a @entity935 agonist or @entity1943 analogue has limited utility but is employed in @entity1 who are unable to undergo surgery and may delay or prevent additional @entity5 growth. Many @entity1 with a @entity977 can be successfully treated with one treatment, either a @entity935 agonist for a @entity2013 or surgery for other types of @entity5 . A substantial number of @entity1 require multimodality therapy, however, including medical therapy, surgery, and pituitary radiation. Because the biologic behavior of pituitary @entity652 varies considerably, a @entity1 with a @entity977 requires lifelong regular monitoring for hormone hypersecretion, @entity5 recurrence, and development of new @entity7961 . A coordinated plan of care among endocrinologists, neurosurgeons, neuroophthalmologists, and radiation therapists is necessary to provide optimal care for these @entity1 .

title: Medical treatment of functional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['gonadotrope adenoma', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:     To evaluate age- and gender-related changes in the soft tissues, incisors, and @entity2522 during rest, speech, and posed @entity408 . MATERIALS AND METHODS:     A total of 265 @entity1 (122 @entity1 , 143 @entity1 ) ranging in age from 19 years to 60 years were recruited for this study. @entity1 were divided into one of the following four age groups: 19 to 24 years, 25 to 34 years, 35 to 44 years, and 45 to 60 years. Image capture was performed using standardized videographic methods. Each video produced pictures where measurements were performed: rest, speech, and @entity408 positions. RESULTS:     A statistically significant gender dimorphism was apparent in most of the variables. There was a significant @entity3384 and lip commissures height with aging and more markedly in @entity1 . A greater exposure of mandibular incisor with increasing age was a feature in both genders. With increasing age there was a significant decrease in maxillary incisor display, especially for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS:     After 25 years of age there is significant difference in the aging process between @entity1 and @entity1 . Gingival and maxillary incisor display during speech and @entity408 is a youthful and feminine characteristic.

title: Incisor display during speech and XXXX : Age and gender correlations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival display']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['increase in the upper lip length']

answer: @entity408 :: (160418,Gene) :: ['smile']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Uterine @entity1377 (UPSC) represents 10% of @entity1204 . Significant number of @entity1 initially present with extrauterine disease. The role of adjuvant treatment in low stage, especially polyp-confined UPSC is controversial. This multi-institutional study evaluated the significance of positive pelvic washing (PW) and adjuvant treatment on disease recurrence in a setting of endometrial polyp-confined UPSC. Surgical pathology files from 3 institutions were searched for cases of endometrial polyp-confined UPSC. Following histologic review, cases were clinically staged as Stage I, without myoinvasion or lymphovascular invasion. Clinicopathologic characteristics, results of PW, and type of adjuvant therapy were recorded. Statistical analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method for survival and Fisher exact test were performed. Thirty-three @entity1 were included in the study. All @entity1 were diagnosed with polyp-confined UPSC. The size of the polyp ranged from 0.3 to 4.3 cm. PW was positive for @entity5 cells in 8/33 (24%) @entity1 . Twenty-two @entity1 (66.6%) received some type of adjuvant treatment. Six @entity1 (18%) developed recurrent disease. There was no significant difference in disease-free survival in the @entity1 receiving adjuvant treatment versus not (P=0.375). However, there was significant association (P=0.0013) between positive PW and disease recurrence. Data are conflicting whether positive PW affects prognosis in @entity1204 . Our study showed that in UPSC, malignant cells can be present in PW without lymphovascular invasion or myoinvasion and may have negative prognostic implication. Our data also reflect the controversies in the role of adjuvant treatment in endometrium-confined UPSC.

title: Clinical Significance of Positive Pelvic Washings in Uterine XXXX Confined to an Endometrial Polyp.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['low-stage endometrial carcinomas', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['Papillary Serous Carcinoma']


abstract: Malignant mixed @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of the ovary is a rare and aggressive @entity5 with a poor prognosis. We present a case of a 57-year-old @entity1 with a large pelvic mass, omental cake, ascites and @entity1143 , clinically highly suspect of an @entity43 . Paracentesis and ultrasound-guided biopsy of the ovary were negative for @entity5 . Therefore a CT-guided true cut biopsy was performed. The latter gave a histopathologic diagnosis of an @entity4348 . However after cytoreductive surgery anatomopathologic examination revealed a malignant mixed @entity5 of the ovary with heterologous differentiation. Apparently only one of the two components was found in the puncture. Adjuvant chemotherapy, active against the @entity3038 , was given. At present the @entity1 is well and disease free 35 months after the initial diagnosis. Cytological examination of ascites may be negative in the presence of @entity5 . If a @entity5 consists of two components, puncture can miss one, which may lead to undertreatment. Punctures should be discouraged as a diagnostic tool in @entity1 in whom an @entity43 is suspected.

title: Malignant mixed m  XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian neoplasm', 'ovarian malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatous and the carcinomatous component']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['m  llerian tumour', 'malignant disease', 'MMMT', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the ovary']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['llerian tumor of the ovary and false negative punctures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate which variables can predict walking ability and activity level 1 year after @entity173 and to describe changes over time regarding functional capacity. SUBJECTS: One hundred and fifty-seven @entity1 (111 @entity1 , 46 @entity1 ), mean age 80.9 (SD 9.5) years, operated on for @entity173 , and able to participate either fully or to some extent in performance tests approximately 1 week after operation were included. Due to high mortality and @entity2100 , only 57 @entity1 participated in the 1-year follow-up. DESIGN AND METHODS: The @entity1 were tested at discharge regarding physical performance, @entity158 and bone mineral density. Status before @entity174 was evaluated by means of interview. At the 1-year follow-up, @entity1 were also asked about their activities outside the home. A stepwise logistic regression was used for prediction. RESULTS: The @entity1 had a significantly faster walking speed and better balance function after 1 year than before. The test "Timed up and go" was a strong predictor for both walking ability and activity level 1 year after @entity173 . Knowledge about the @entity1 's walking habits outdoors before @entity173 and the degree of independent walking before @entity173 strengthened the prediction.

title: Walking ability and activity level after XXXX in the elderly--a follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragility']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity625 in the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb can cause @entity4 and @entity393 . Treatment options include arthrodesis, replacement arthroplasty and interposition arthroplasty. Our objective in this clinical study was to determine outcomes after trapezial arthroplasty with a @entity1346 rubber implant and the relationship between self-reported and measured outcomes. METHODS: At the Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Hospital, London, Ont., a tertiary care centre, we reviewed a series of 26 @entity1 with advanced @entity571 who underwent @entity1346 rubber trapezial arthroplasty. The follow-up averaged 6.5 years. We assessed the outcomes subjectively, and by clinical, functional and radiographic examination. RESULTS: Although 88% of @entity1 reported some improvement in @entity158 and satisfaction, when quantified the improvement was less impressive: only 5.7 (on a visual analogue scale of 1-10, poor-excellent) for @entity158 and 5.6 for satisfaction. Superior subjective results were reported by @entity1 older than 60 years. Osteoarthritic changes had caused pronounced functional impairment in the hands of @entity1 who underwent surgery and those who did not, so that any long-term benefit of surgery was not measurable. @entity1 had difficulty manipulating both small and large objects on the Jebsen's hand function test. Peri-implant and carpal radiographic lytic changes were observed in 90% of @entity1 . Six @entity1 (20%) required revision surgery (3 early, 3 late), including 1 with a pathologic @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: Although clinical, functional and radiographic results were poor, they did not predict either satisfaction or @entity158 improvement reported by @entity1 , illustrating the need for a comprehensive standardized outcome evaluation to make informed decisions on the value of surgical intervention for @entity571 of the trapeziometacarpal joint.

title: Trapezial arthroplasty with XXXX rubber implantation for advanced @entity571 of the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['scaphoid fracture']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of motion']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity625 in the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb can cause @entity4 and @entity393 . Treatment options include arthrodesis, replacement arthroplasty and interposition arthroplasty. Our objective in this clinical study was to determine outcomes after trapezial arthroplasty with a @entity1346 rubber implant and the relationship between self-reported and measured outcomes. METHODS: At the Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Hospital, London, Ont., a tertiary care centre, we reviewed a series of 26 @entity1 with advanced @entity571 who underwent @entity1346 rubber trapezial arthroplasty. The follow-up averaged 6.5 years. We assessed the outcomes subjectively, and by clinical, functional and radiographic examination. RESULTS: Although 88% of @entity1 reported some improvement in @entity158 and satisfaction, when quantified the improvement was less impressive: only 5.7 (on a visual analogue scale of 1-10, poor-excellent) for @entity158 and 5.6 for satisfaction. Superior subjective results were reported by @entity1 older than 60 years. Osteoarthritic changes had caused pronounced functional impairment in the hands of @entity1 who underwent surgery and those who did not, so that any long-term benefit of surgery was not measurable. @entity1 had difficulty manipulating both small and large objects on the Jebsen's hand function test. Peri-implant and carpal radiographic lytic changes were observed in 90% of @entity1 . Six @entity1 (20%) required revision surgery (3 early, 3 late), including 1 with a pathologic @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: Although clinical, functional and radiographic results were poor, they did not predict either satisfaction or @entity158 improvement reported by @entity1 , illustrating the need for a comprehensive standardized outcome evaluation to make informed decisions on the value of surgical intervention for @entity571 of the trapeziometacarpal joint.

title: Trapezial arthroplasty with @entity1346 rubber implantation for advanced XXXX of the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb.

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: AIM: The study objective was to evaluate the efficacy of occlusions of large and @entity438 with microcoils using stent assistance (SA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is based on analysis of treatment outcomes in 37 @entity1 with large (15-25mm) and giant (more than 25mm) @entity438 , aged 18 to 72 years, who were hospitalized at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute in the period between 2004 and 2014. Selection of @entity1 for endovascular treatment using SA was based on the anatomical parameters of the @entity439 and carrier vessel. The main determining factor was the index of the @entity439 body to neck size ratio. @entity439 was performed with microcoils of different configurations, including those with a biologically active coating. Self-expanding stents with both an open-cell and closed-cell design were used for SA. The results of intervention for large and @entity439 were evaluated using control angiography immediately after occlusion of the @entity439 . The condition of @entity1 with @entity439 as well as with @entity1756 in the "cold" period was evaluated using the modified Rankin scale. The condition of @entity1 in the acute period of @entity72465 was evaluated on the Hunt and Hess scale. RESULTS: The technical success (successful implantation of stents and coils with total or subtotal @entity439 ) was 94.5%. The postoperative disability was 2.7%; mortality was 2.7%. 28 @entity1 were followed up for the period of 5 to 84 months (the mean was 20 months.). In the long-term period, the total and @entity432 rate, including the results of re-operations, amounted to 90%. @entity717 was 10.7%, and mortality was 3.5%. CONCLUSION: Stent assistance enables achieving total or @entity432 of large and @entity439 in 90% of cases. In certain clinical situations, it is an alternative to other existing methods.

title: [Endovascular treatment of large and XXXX using stent assistance].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms', 'giant intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Occlusion of aneurysms', 'giant aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysm occlusion', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed disability']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['giant intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) and @entity10146 ( @entity10146 ) are @entity601 . Rare mutations in the sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) signaling gene @entity72466 have recently been reported in @entity1 with @entity10146 . OBJECTIVE: To report a unique case of PSIS with a maternally inherited nonsense mutation in the @entity4851 signaling protein @entity72466 . METHOD: We performed exome sequencing on a case of PSIS. Control databases (1000 Genomes, dbSNP, Exome Variant Server, ExAC Browser) and an ancestry-matched control panel were screened upon identification of @entity72466 mutation. RESULTS: We identified a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation ( @entity72467 , @entity72468 ) in a case of PSIS without @entity10146 who presented with @entity4053 and @entity1448 associated with GH, TSH, and @entity16054 . This mutation was absent in all control databases and from 400 healthy ancestry-matched control subjects. The mutation was inherited from the @entity1 's mother, who was operated on in childhood for strabismus. The absence of this variant in control samples suggests that it is likely to be responsible for the phenotype. CONCLUSION: We report for the first time a mutation in the @entity72466 gene associated with PSIS.

title: A Nonsense Mutation in the Hedgehog Receptor XXXX Associated With Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity16054 :: ('MESH:C562707', 'Disease') :: ['ACTH deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity10146 :: ('MESH:D016142', 'Disease') :: ['HPE', 'holoprosencephaly']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['congenital midline defects']

entities_list: @entity72468 :: ('p|SUB|E|922|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Glu922Ter']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

answer: @entity72466 :: (50937,Gene) :: ['CDON']


abstract: One hundred and sixty-seven choledoco-duodenostomies for @entity9279 of the common bile duct (CBD) were performed. The mean age of the @entity1 was 74 +/- 1 years. Sixty p. 100 of the @entity1 presented with at least one operative risk factor, usually related to their general condition. An @entity254 of at least 20 mm in diameter was possible as the diameter of the CBC was always larger than 10 mm. @entity260 (within one month) were observed in 29 cases (17 p. 100). In 14 cases (8 p. 100), these complications were directly related to the operative procedure and, in 15 cases (9 p. 100), @entity65 occurred. Operative mortality was 4 p. 100 (7 cases); in 2 cases, @entity204 was directly related to the operative procedure, and in 5 cases, @entity204 was not directly due to surgery. Operative complications were significantly higher in the case of emergency procedures, impaction of the CBD by multiple stones, and associated acute @entity2679 . One hundred and thirty-four of the 160 survivors (84 p. 100) have been followed for a mean duration of 5 years (63 +/- 7 months); 115 (86 p. 100) have remained asymptomatic. Eleven @entity1 had non specific findings; 8 (6 p. 100) had @entity255 , half of them having suffered from only one episode. The first (or only) episode occurred during the first postoperative year in 7 out of 8 @entity1 . No @entity255 developed after the second postoperative year in @entity1 still asymptomatic. No @entity850 was found in any of these cases. One case of stump syndrome was observed. These results suggest that choledocoduodenostomy is a reliable procedure for treatment of choledocolithiasis and related late complications are rare.

title: [Results of choledoco-duodenostomy for common bile duct XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Immediate postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary or cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['lithiasis']

answer: @entity9279 :: (MESH:D020347,Disease) :: ['lithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8273 ( @entity8273 ) is a glycosaminoglycan found in connective tissues and tissue spaces, including the peritoneal cavity. In vivo studies in a @entity35 model of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) have shown that addition of @entity8273 to @entity298 solution during an intraperitoneal dwell can alter peritoneal fluid transport and protect the peritoneal membrane from the effects of @entity32 and repeated infusions of dialysis solution. The current study sought to evaluate the safety of intraperitoneal @entity8273 and its effect on peritoneal fluid and solute transport when administered during a dialysis dwell in @entity1 . METHODS: 13 @entity298 @entity1 were enrolled in a prospective, randomized crossover study involving three dialysis treatments using the following @entity298 solutions: (1) a commercially available @entity298 solution (Dianeal @entity298 -4, 1.36% @entity413 ; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Alliston, Ontario, Canada); (2) Dianeal @entity298 -4 containing 0.1 g/L @entity8273 , and (3) Dianeal @entity298 -4 containing 0.5 g/L @entity8273 . Each 6-hour dialysis exchange was separated from the other exchanges by a 2-week washout period. Radioiodinated human serum albumin (RISA) was administered with the dialysis solution to evaluate intraperitoneal volume, net ultrafiltration (UF), and fluid reabsorption. Peritoneal clearances, dialysate/plasma ratios (D/P), and mass transfer area coefficients (MTACs) were determined for @entity1372 , @entity1133 , @entity1011 , albumin, and @entity413 . Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events and changes in serum chemistries. Ten @entity1 completed all three dialysis exchanges and two additional @entity1 completed at least one treatment exchange. RESULTS: There were no reported adverse events related to @entity8273 administration and no significant changes in serum chemistries. There were no significant differences in net UF or peritoneal volume profiles among the three treatments. Mean net UF calculated using residual volumes, estimated by RISA dilution, tended to be slightly higher during treatment with solution containing 0.1 g/L @entity8273 and 0.5 g/L @entity8273 [74 +/- 86 (SE) and 41 +/- 99 mL, respectively] compared to control treatment (-58 +/- 129 mL). Although not statistically significant, there was a trend toward decreased fluid reabsorption during treatment with @entity8273 . Solute clearances, D/P ratios, and MTACs were similar for the three treatments. Serum levels of @entity8273 were also unaffected by the two treatment solutions. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the acute safety of @entity8273 when administered intraperitoneally with the dialysis solution to @entity298 @entity1 . Due to the small sample size and variability in net UF and fluid reabsorption, statistically significant differences were not demonstrated for these parameters. However, a trend toward decreased fluid reabsorption was observed, suggesting that @entity8273 may act by a mechanism similar to that observed in animal studies. Further studies are necessary to evaluate whether the beneficial effects of @entity8273 observed in animal studies can be shown in @entity1 .

title: Effects of intraperitoneal hyaluronan on peritoneal fluid and solute transport in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8273 :: ('MESH:C565742', 'Disease') :: ['HA', 'Hyaluronan']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8273 ( @entity8273 ) is a glycosaminoglycan found in connective tissues and tissue spaces, including the peritoneal cavity. In vivo studies in a @entity35 model of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) have shown that addition of @entity8273 to @entity298 solution during an intraperitoneal dwell can alter peritoneal fluid transport and protect the peritoneal membrane from the effects of @entity32 and repeated infusions of dialysis solution. The current study sought to evaluate the safety of intraperitoneal @entity8273 and its effect on peritoneal fluid and solute transport when administered during a dialysis dwell in @entity1 . METHODS: 13 @entity298 @entity1 were enrolled in a prospective, randomized crossover study involving three dialysis treatments using the following @entity298 solutions: (1) a commercially available @entity298 solution (Dianeal @entity298 -4, 1.36% @entity413 ; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Alliston, Ontario, Canada); (2) Dianeal @entity298 -4 containing 0.1 g/L @entity8273 , and (3) Dianeal @entity298 -4 containing 0.5 g/L @entity8273 . Each 6-hour dialysis exchange was separated from the other exchanges by a 2-week washout period. Radioiodinated human serum albumin (RISA) was administered with the dialysis solution to evaluate intraperitoneal volume, net ultrafiltration (UF), and fluid reabsorption. Peritoneal clearances, dialysate/plasma ratios (D/P), and mass transfer area coefficients (MTACs) were determined for @entity1372 , @entity1133 , @entity1011 , albumin, and @entity413 . Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events and changes in serum chemistries. Ten @entity1 completed all three dialysis exchanges and two additional @entity1 completed at least one treatment exchange. RESULTS: There were no reported adverse events related to @entity8273 administration and no significant changes in serum chemistries. There were no significant differences in net UF or peritoneal volume profiles among the three treatments. Mean net UF calculated using residual volumes, estimated by RISA dilution, tended to be slightly higher during treatment with solution containing 0.1 g/L @entity8273 and 0.5 g/L @entity8273 [74 +/- 86 (SE) and 41 +/- 99 mL, respectively] compared to control treatment (-58 +/- 129 mL). Although not statistically significant, there was a trend toward decreased fluid reabsorption during treatment with @entity8273 . Solute clearances, D/P ratios, and MTACs were similar for the three treatments. Serum levels of @entity8273 were also unaffected by the two treatment solutions. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the acute safety of @entity8273 when administered intraperitoneally with the dialysis solution to @entity298 @entity1 . Due to the small sample size and variability in net UF and fluid reabsorption, statistically significant differences were not demonstrated for these parameters. However, a trend toward decreased fluid reabsorption was observed, suggesting that @entity8273 may act by a mechanism similar to that observed in animal studies. Further studies are necessary to evaluate whether the beneficial effects of @entity8273 observed in animal studies can be shown in @entity1 .

title: Effects of intraperitoneal hyaluronan on peritoneal fluid and solute transport in @entity298 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Increased immune sensitivity to dietary gluten proteins has been reported in @entity161 but has not been studied in @entity162 . In this study, we examine the levels of antibody reactivity to gliadin, deamidated gliadin, and @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) in individuals with @entity162 and compare these levels to those in individuals who do not have any history of @entity146 . METHODS: The sample of 275 individuals included 102 with @entity162 and 173 controls without a @entity146 . Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to gliadin and @entity8265 and IgG antibodies to deamidated gliadin were measured by enzyme immunoassay. @entity1 ' levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin and @entity8265 were classified based on the cutoffs for positivity that are predictive of @entity1593 . Quantitative levels of antibodies were compared between groups employing regression models which were controlled for demographic variables. RESULTS: Individuals with @entity162 had increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin compared with controls in multivariate analyses. We also found evidence of increased levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin in the @entity162 population. The levels of IgA class antigliadin antibodies and antibodies to @entity8265 did not differ significantly between groups. There was also not a significant difference between groups in the number of @entity1 who were classified as having levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin or @entity8265 that are predictive of @entity1593 . CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with @entity162 have increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin. However, such antibody increase is not accompanied by an elevation in IgA antibodies to gliadin or the @entity1593 -associated antibodies against deamidated gliadin and @entity8265 . These results warrant further detailed examination of the molecular specificity and pattern of reactivity of the antibody response to gluten antigens in @entity162 .

title: Markers of @entity1593 and @entity1593 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase', 'tTG']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Increased immune sensitivity to dietary gluten proteins has been reported in @entity161 but has not been studied in @entity162 . In this study, we examine the levels of antibody reactivity to gliadin, deamidated gliadin, and @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) in individuals with @entity162 and compare these levels to those in individuals who do not have any history of @entity146 . METHODS: The sample of 275 individuals included 102 with @entity162 and 173 controls without a @entity146 . Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to gliadin and @entity8265 and IgG antibodies to deamidated gliadin were measured by enzyme immunoassay. @entity1 ' levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin and @entity8265 were classified based on the cutoffs for positivity that are predictive of @entity1593 . Quantitative levels of antibodies were compared between groups employing regression models which were controlled for demographic variables. RESULTS: Individuals with @entity162 had increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin compared with controls in multivariate analyses. We also found evidence of increased levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin in the @entity162 population. The levels of IgA class antigliadin antibodies and antibodies to @entity8265 did not differ significantly between groups. There was also not a significant difference between groups in the number of @entity1 who were classified as having levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin or @entity8265 that are predictive of @entity1593 . CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with @entity162 have increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin. However, such antibody increase is not accompanied by an elevation in IgA antibodies to gliadin or the @entity1593 -associated antibodies against deamidated gliadin and @entity8265 . These results warrant further detailed examination of the molecular specificity and pattern of reactivity of the antibody response to gluten antigens in @entity162 .

title: Markers of XXXX and @entity1593 in @entity162 .

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['gluten sensitivity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Increased immune sensitivity to dietary gluten proteins has been reported in @entity161 but has not been studied in @entity162 . In this study, we examine the levels of antibody reactivity to gliadin, deamidated gliadin, and @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) in individuals with @entity162 and compare these levels to those in individuals who do not have any history of @entity146 . METHODS: The sample of 275 individuals included 102 with @entity162 and 173 controls without a @entity146 . Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to gliadin and @entity8265 and IgG antibodies to deamidated gliadin were measured by enzyme immunoassay. @entity1 ' levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin and @entity8265 were classified based on the cutoffs for positivity that are predictive of @entity1593 . Quantitative levels of antibodies were compared between groups employing regression models which were controlled for demographic variables. RESULTS: Individuals with @entity162 had increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin compared with controls in multivariate analyses. We also found evidence of increased levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin in the @entity162 population. The levels of IgA class antigliadin antibodies and antibodies to @entity8265 did not differ significantly between groups. There was also not a significant difference between groups in the number of @entity1 who were classified as having levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin or @entity8265 that are predictive of @entity1593 . CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with @entity162 have increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin. However, such antibody increase is not accompanied by an elevation in IgA antibodies to gliadin or the @entity1593 -associated antibodies against deamidated gliadin and @entity8265 . These results warrant further detailed examination of the molecular specificity and pattern of reactivity of the antibody response to gluten antigens in @entity162 .

title: Markers of @entity1593 and XXXX in @entity162 .

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Perturbations in blood vessels play a critical role in the pathophysiology of @entity1545 and @entity179 . Here, we use a systematic genome-wide transcriptome screening approach to investigate the vasculome after @entity131 in @entity19 . @entity19 were subjected to controlled cortical impact and brains were extracted for analysis at 24   h post-injury. The core of the traumatic lesion was removed and then cortical microvesels were isolated from nondirectly damaged ipsilateral cortex. Compared to contralateral cortex and normal cortex from sham-operated @entity19 , we identified a wide spectrum of responses in the vasculome after @entity130 . Up-regulated pathways included those involved in regulation of @entity32 and extracellular matrix processes. Decreased pathways included those involved in regulation of metabolism, mitochondrial function, and transport systems. These findings suggest that microvascular perturbations can be widespread and not necessarily localized to core areas of direct injury per se and may further provide a broader gene network context for existing @entity32 , metabolism, and blood-brain barrier alterations after @entity131 . Further efforts are warranted to map the vasculome with higher spatial and temporal resolution from acute to delayed phase post- @entity130 . Investigating the widespread network responses in the vasculome may reveal potential mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and biomarkers for @entity131 .

title: Effects of Controlled Cortical Impact on the XXXX Brain Vasculome.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'knowledge regarding inflammation']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: OBJECT: Symptomatic spinal dissemination of @entity5 is rarely found except at autopsy. This study evaluated the clinical incidence and characteristics of spinal dissemination and the effect on outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 treated for primary @entity5 , including 33 with @entity816 and 35 with @entity463 , at our department between 1997 and 1999 were followed up until April 30, 2001. Head magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of all @entity1 was obtained every 2-3 months. Signs and symptoms of leptomeningeal spread were checked at monthly outpatient examinations. Spinal MR imaging was performed if any symptoms indicating spinal dissemination were found. RESULTS: Median survival times of @entity1 with @entity816 and @entity463 were 40.5 and 16.0 months, respectively. Seventeen @entity1 (25%) developed @entity932 and 15 of these died. Six @entity1 (8.8%), one with @entity816 and five with @entity463 , developed spinal dissemination. All @entity1 with spinal dissemination also had @entity932 . Five of the six @entity1 died, despite systemic radiochemotherapy in four @entity1 . All @entity1 died of extensive whole brain and spinal dissemination or nodular mass enlargement at the upper cervical cord, not of local massive @entity5 progression. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic spinal dissemination of @entity5 is not so rare, and is the cause of @entity204 . The relatively high incidence of symptomatic leptomeningeal dissemination must be considered in the treatment of malignant @entity816 .

title: Symptomatic spinal dissemination of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial dissemination']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant astrocytoma']