abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim was to determine whether early anatomical injury patterns on magnetic resonance imaging-correlate with the development of @entity302 in @entity1 treated with selective head cooling for @entity2806 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed @entity1 >= 35  weeks' gestation born between 2008 and 2013 and followed for at least one year at Northwestern University. All had brain magnetic resonance imaging scans at days 4-5 and electroencephalographs during rewarming and at 3 to 6  months of age. RESULTS: Outcome was favorable for our cohort of 73 individuals with a mean follow-up of 41 (  7) months. The majority (66%) survived with no @entity410 recurrence, whereas 13 (18%) developed @entity302 , including eight who had @entity739 . Twelve @entity1 (16%) died. The most common magnetic resonance imaging pattern was @entity1545 involving both cortical and subcortical gray matter (26/73, 35%), followed by @entity62 (18/73, 25%) and normal magnetic resonance imaging (16/73, 22%). In 13 @entity1 (18%), the brainstem was involved in addition to cortical and subcortical gray matter; nine died and all four surviving @entity1 developed @entity739 . All 18 @entity1 with @entity62 survived and none developed @entity302 . The risk of @entity302 was associated with @entity130 (basal ganglia, thalamus      brainstem) (12/39 versus 1/34, P  <  0.003). CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 was highly predictive of @entity739 , whereas @entity130 alone predicted low risk for short-term @entity302 . Location of anatomical injury on magnetic resonance imaging can be an early predictive factor for development of @entity739 and inform prognostic decisions in newborns treated with selective head cooling for @entity2806 .

title: Early Anatomical @entity302 in Head Cooled Neonates With XXXX .

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy']


abstract: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ap endo) is a key DNA repair activity that confers resistance to ionizing radiation and alkylating agents in @entity1 cell lines. The major Ap endo in @entity1 cells is @entity6471 , an abundant multi-functional protein also known as @entity6471 , @entity31482 , and Apex. In this work, we assayed Ap endo activity in @entity1 @entity11 to establish correlates with @entity5 characteristics, and in histologically normal brain adjacent to @entity5 to characterize changes in activity accompanying neurocarcinogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first available analysis of Ap endo activity in @entity1 @entity1313 . Mean activity in 84 @entity11 of different diagnostic types and grades was 0.072 +/- 0.095 fmol abasic sites incised/cell/min, ranging approximately 550-fold from 0.00077 to 0.42. The mean for high-grade @entity11 was 3.5-fold greater than for low-grade @entity5 (P < or = 4.0 x 10(-5)), a difference observed within all diagnostic types. Activity was correlated with the fraction of S-phase cells in @entity11 (P < or = 0.02), suggesting that proliferation could be a determinant of activity in these @entity5 . Activity was also correlated with S-phase fraction in the majority of @entity11 (P < or = 0.03). Moreover, within the @entity5 , there was a significant relationship between activity and the fraction of aneuploid cells (P < or = 4.0 x 10(-4)). In the 58 cases analyzed, mean activity was 7.3-fold higher in @entity11 than in adjacent histologically normal brain (0.070 +/- 0.10 versus 0.0096 +/- 0.012 fmol/cell/min; P < or = 3.0 x 10(-5)). Increased @entity5 activity was observed in 93% of @entity5 /normal pairs, indicating that elevation of Ap endo activity is characteristic of @entity1 gliomagenesis. The elevation was large within most pairs, being 13-fold on average and > or = 10-fold in 43% of cases. A concomitant increase in @entity6471 protein was observed by Western blotting in the subset of @entity5 /normal pairs examined. A clinically important consequence of the increase in Ap endo activity that accompanies neurocarcinogenesis may be enhanced resistance to the radiotherapy and alkylating agent-based chemotherapy that are mainstays of adjuvant therapy for @entity11 .

title: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease activity is elevated in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['adult gliomas', 'aneuploid gliomas', 'diploid gliomas', 'malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['adult gliomas']


abstract: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ap endo) is a key DNA repair activity that confers resistance to ionizing radiation and alkylating agents in @entity1 cell lines. The major Ap endo in @entity1 cells is @entity6471 , an abundant multi-functional protein also known as @entity6471 , @entity31482 , and Apex. In this work, we assayed Ap endo activity in @entity1 @entity11 to establish correlates with @entity5 characteristics, and in histologically normal brain adjacent to @entity5 to characterize changes in activity accompanying neurocarcinogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first available analysis of Ap endo activity in @entity1 @entity1313 . Mean activity in 84 @entity11 of different diagnostic types and grades was 0.072 +/- 0.095 fmol abasic sites incised/cell/min, ranging approximately 550-fold from 0.00077 to 0.42. The mean for high-grade @entity11 was 3.5-fold greater than for low-grade @entity5 (P < or = 4.0 x 10(-5)), a difference observed within all diagnostic types. Activity was correlated with the fraction of S-phase cells in @entity11 (P < or = 0.02), suggesting that proliferation could be a determinant of activity in these @entity5 . Activity was also correlated with S-phase fraction in the majority of @entity11 (P < or = 0.03). Moreover, within the @entity5 , there was a significant relationship between activity and the fraction of aneuploid cells (P < or = 4.0 x 10(-4)). In the 58 cases analyzed, mean activity was 7.3-fold higher in @entity11 than in adjacent histologically normal brain (0.070 +/- 0.10 versus 0.0096 +/- 0.012 fmol/cell/min; P < or = 3.0 x 10(-5)). Increased @entity5 activity was observed in 93% of @entity5 /normal pairs, indicating that elevation of Ap endo activity is characteristic of @entity1 gliomagenesis. The elevation was large within most pairs, being 13-fold on average and > or = 10-fold in 43% of cases. A concomitant increase in @entity6471 protein was observed by Western blotting in the subset of @entity5 /normal pairs examined. A clinically important consequence of the increase in Ap endo activity that accompanies neurocarcinogenesis may be enhanced resistance to the radiotherapy and alkylating agent-based chemotherapy that are mainstays of adjuvant therapy for @entity11 .

title: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease activity is elevated in XXXX @entity11 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine prognostic factors of disability in early @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and to investigate the radiological and functional course of the disease. METHODS: A total of 191 @entity1 with early @entity309 (diagnosed for less than one year) according to American College of Rheumatology criteria were followed prospectively for 5 years. At baseline and at endpoint, Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores and radiological scores (Sharp's score modified by van der Heijde) were performed. Correlations between numerous baseline data and HAQ score at endpoint were analyzed, using nonparametric tests. A multilinear regression model was performed to select independent prognostic factors of @entity717 . RESULTS: During the 5-year followup, mean HAQ decreased from 1.3 (+/- 0.7) to 0.6 (+/- 0.6). There were 98 (65.3%) @entity1 with a score > 1 point at baseline, but only 46 (27.4%) after 3 years and 34 (21.8%) after 5 years. Moreover, 90% of the @entity1 had an improvement of the disability score. @entity717 was associated with baseline values of HAQ score, Pain, Ritchie index, tender joint count, Disease Activity Score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and @entity2681 . Multivariate analysis selected baseline HAQ score, Ritchie index, ESR, @entity1851 , and presence of @entity2681 as independent prognostic factors of @entity717 . The probability cutoff in the logistic model was selected to minimize the sum of false positive and false negative values: negative predictive value = 92.71%, positive predictive value = 46.15%, p = 0.408. Sex, age, IgM and IgA rheumatoid factors, other tested autoantibodies, and HLA class II genes did not contribute significantly to prediction of the disability after 5 years. At baseline, mean scores were 3.6 units (+/- 7.7) for total radiological score, 1.7 (+/- 4.5) for @entity2681 score, and 1.9 (+/- 3.7) for joint space narrowing score. After 5 years, they were 17.9 +/- 22.3, 6.9 +/- 9.5, and 11.0 +/- 15.4, respectively. No @entity2681 was present at the start in 58.0% of @entity1 , compared to 24.2% and 22.4% at 3 and 5 years. Global radiographic progression concerned 87 @entity1 (55.8%) during the 5 years. CONCLUSION: During the first 5 years of @entity309 , radiological damage increased progressively in half of the @entity1 , whereas @entity717 improved in most of them during the same period of time and could be predicted by baseline values of HAQ score, Ritchie index, ESR, @entity1851 , and presence (or absence) of @entity2681 .

title: Predictive factors of 5-year health assessment questionnaire disability in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['HAQ disability', 'Final HAQ disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Freezing of Gait ( @entity6556 ) is a frequent and disabling feature of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Gait rehabilitation assisted by electromechanical devices, such as training on treadmill associated with sensory cues or assisted by gait orthosis have been shown to improve @entity6556 . Overground robot assisted gait training (RGT) has been recently tested in @entity1 with @entity191 with improvement of several gait parameters. We here evaluated the effectiveness of RGT on @entity6556 severity and @entity854 in @entity191 @entity1 . Eighteen @entity1 with @entity6556 resistant to dopaminergic medications were treated with 15 sessions of RGT and underwent an extensive clinical evaluation before and after treatment. The main outcome measures were @entity6556 questionnaire (FOGQ) global score and specific tasks for gait assessment, namely 10meter walking test (10MWT), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and 360   narrow turns (360 NT). Balance was also evaluated through Fear of Falling Efficacy Scale (FFES), assessing self perceived stability and @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ), for objective examination. After treatment, FOGQ score was significantly reduced (P=0.023). We also found a significant reduction of time needed to complete TUG, 10MWT, and 360 NT (P=0.009, 0.004 and 0.04, respectively). By contrast the number of steps and the number of freezing episodes recorded at each gait task did not change. FFES and @entity2653 scores also improved, with positive repercussions on performance on daily activity and quality of life. Our results indicate that RGT is a useful strategy for the treatment of drug refractory @entity6556 .

title: Overground robot assisted gait trainer for the treatment of drug-resistant freezing of gait in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['BBS', 'Berg Balance Scale']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['gait abnormalities']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine volumetric changes in limbic structures in @entity1 with probable @entity195 using planimetric measures on MRI. METHOD: Limbic structures (i.e., hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamus, hypothalamus, mamillary bodies, basal forebrain, septal area, fornix, and cingulate, orbitofrontal, and parahippocampal cortices) were traced on 3D T1-weighted MR images of 40 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity195 and 40 age-, sex-, and education-matched normal control subjects. Limbic volumes were compared between groups and the predictive ability was assessed. RESULTS: Overall, limbic structures showed significant @entity194 in @entity195 @entity1 compared with normal control subjects. Differences (p < 0.05) were found in all limbic regions except the anterior cingulate cortex. The greatest percentage volumetric losses occurred in the septal area (34%), hippocampus (28%), amygdala (21%), parahippocampal cortex (21%), and posterior cingulate cortex (20%). Combining volumetric measures of amygdala and septal area distinguished @entity1 with @entity195 from normal control subjects with 93% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: These results verify that system-wide limbic degeneration occurs in @entity1 with @entity195 . In addition, @entity194 in selected limbic structures was used to distinguish @entity1 with @entity195 from normal elderly individuals with over 90% accuracy in this select clinical sample. The measures require further exploration in samples more representative of those seen by primary care physicians before their utility can be accurately assessed.

title: Beyond the hippocampus: MRI volumetry confirms widespread limbic XXXX in @entity195 .

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine volumetric changes in limbic structures in @entity1 with probable @entity195 using planimetric measures on MRI. METHOD: Limbic structures (i.e., hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamus, hypothalamus, mamillary bodies, basal forebrain, septal area, fornix, and cingulate, orbitofrontal, and parahippocampal cortices) were traced on 3D T1-weighted MR images of 40 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity195 and 40 age-, sex-, and education-matched normal control subjects. Limbic volumes were compared between groups and the predictive ability was assessed. RESULTS: Overall, limbic structures showed significant @entity194 in @entity195 @entity1 compared with normal control subjects. Differences (p < 0.05) were found in all limbic regions except the anterior cingulate cortex. The greatest percentage volumetric losses occurred in the septal area (34%), hippocampus (28%), amygdala (21%), parahippocampal cortex (21%), and posterior cingulate cortex (20%). Combining volumetric measures of amygdala and septal area distinguished @entity1 with @entity195 from normal control subjects with 93% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: These results verify that system-wide limbic degeneration occurs in @entity1 with @entity195 . In addition, @entity194 in selected limbic structures was used to distinguish @entity1 with @entity195 from normal elderly individuals with over 90% accuracy in this select clinical sample. The measures require further exploration in samples more representative of those seen by primary care physicians before their utility can be accurately assessed.

title: Beyond the hippocampus: MRI volumetry confirms widespread limbic @entity194 in XXXX .

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['AD']


abstract: The reorganization of the cellulose-xyloglucan matrix is proposed to serve as an important mechanism in the control of strength and extensibility of the plant primary cell wall. One of the key enzymes associated with xyloglucan metabolism is @entity70645 ( @entity70645 ), which catalyzes the endocleavage and religation of xyloglucan molecules. As with other plant species, XETs are encoded by a gene family in @entity523 ( @entity523 cv T5). In a previous study, we demonstrated that the @entity523 @entity70645 gene LeEXT was abundantly expressed in the rapidly expanding region of the etiolated hypocotyl and was induced to higher levels by auxin. Here, we report the identification of a new @entity523 @entity70645 gene, @entity70646 , that shows a different spatial expression and diametrically opposite pattern of auxin regulation from LeEXT. @entity70646 was expressed more abundantly in the mature nonelongating regions of the hypocotyl, and its mRNA abundance decreased dramatically following auxin treatment of etiolated hypocotyl segments. Analysis of the effect of several plant hormones on @entity70646 expression revealed that the inhibition of @entity70646 mRNA accumulation also occurred with cytokinin treatment. @entity70646 mRNA levels increased significantly in hypocotyl segments treated with @entity15150 , but this increase could be prevented by adding auxin or cytokinin to the incubation media. Recombinant @entity70646 protein obtained by heterologous expression in @entity10056 exhibited greater @entity70645 activity against xyloglucan from @entity523 than that from three other species. The opposite patterns of expression and differential auxin regulation of @entity70646 and LeEXT suggest that they encode XETs with distinct roles during plant growth and development.

title: Characterization of a @entity523 XXXX gene that is down-regulated by auxin in etiolated hypocotyls.

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

entities_list: @entity70645 :: ('543626(Tax:4081)', 'Gene') :: ['XET', 'xyloglucan endotransglycosylase']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato', 'Lycopersicon esculentum']

entities_list: @entity15150 :: ('CHEBI:28833', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellin']

answer: @entity70645 :: (543626(Tax:4081),Gene) :: ['xyloglucan endotransglycosylase']


abstract: The reorganization of the cellulose-xyloglucan matrix is proposed to serve as an important mechanism in the control of strength and extensibility of the plant primary cell wall. One of the key enzymes associated with xyloglucan metabolism is @entity70645 ( @entity70645 ), which catalyzes the endocleavage and religation of xyloglucan molecules. As with other plant species, XETs are encoded by a gene family in @entity523 ( @entity523 cv T5). In a previous study, we demonstrated that the @entity523 @entity70645 gene LeEXT was abundantly expressed in the rapidly expanding region of the etiolated hypocotyl and was induced to higher levels by auxin. Here, we report the identification of a new @entity523 @entity70645 gene, @entity70646 , that shows a different spatial expression and diametrically opposite pattern of auxin regulation from LeEXT. @entity70646 was expressed more abundantly in the mature nonelongating regions of the hypocotyl, and its mRNA abundance decreased dramatically following auxin treatment of etiolated hypocotyl segments. Analysis of the effect of several plant hormones on @entity70646 expression revealed that the inhibition of @entity70646 mRNA accumulation also occurred with cytokinin treatment. @entity70646 mRNA levels increased significantly in hypocotyl segments treated with @entity15150 , but this increase could be prevented by adding auxin or cytokinin to the incubation media. Recombinant @entity70646 protein obtained by heterologous expression in @entity10056 exhibited greater @entity70645 activity against xyloglucan from @entity523 than that from three other species. The opposite patterns of expression and differential auxin regulation of @entity70646 and LeEXT suggest that they encode XETs with distinct roles during plant growth and development.

title: Characterization of a XXXX @entity70645 gene that is down-regulated by auxin in etiolated hypocotyls.

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: @entity59234 , a member of the high-molecular weight (M(r)) dynamin family found in @entity958 , has been shown to be targeted to the plastid. In the chloroplast, most of the @entity59234 was present in the fraction containing the envelope membranes when analyzed by suborganellar fractionation. Sucrose gradient and gel filtration experiments showed that when associated with membranes, @entity59234 existed as a high-M(r) complex, whereas the soluble form existed as a monomer. The recombinant @entity59234 expressed in @entity526 was present as a high-M(r) form and showed higher GTPase activity at a low @entity1219 concentration, whereas @entity59234 existed as a low-M(r) form with a low level of GTPase activity at a high @entity1219 concentration. Electron microscopy studies revealed that the purified recombinant @entity59234 formed spiral-coiled structures or rings. In the presence of @entity2164 , these structures were transformed into a long rod structure. In contrast, in the presence of @entity3006 , these structures disassembled into oligomers that were shown to be tetramer with 4-fold symmetry. Finally, a lipid-binding assay revealed that recombinant @entity59234 purified from @entity526 bound specifically to @entity1076 . Together, these results demonstrated that the biochemical properties of @entity59234 were very similar to those of dynamin and other related proteins. Based on this similarity, we propose that @entity59234 may be involved in vesicle formation at the chloroplast envelope membrane.

title: @entity958 dynamin-like 2 that binds specifically to XXXX assembles into a high-molecular weight complex in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity2164 :: ('MESH:D016244', 'Chemical') :: ["guanosine-5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity1076 :: ('MESH:C037178', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1076 :: (MESH:C037178,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate']


abstract: @entity59234 , a member of the high-molecular weight (M(r)) dynamin family found in @entity958 , has been shown to be targeted to the plastid. In the chloroplast, most of the @entity59234 was present in the fraction containing the envelope membranes when analyzed by suborganellar fractionation. Sucrose gradient and gel filtration experiments showed that when associated with membranes, @entity59234 existed as a high-M(r) complex, whereas the soluble form existed as a monomer. The recombinant @entity59234 expressed in @entity526 was present as a high-M(r) form and showed higher GTPase activity at a low @entity1219 concentration, whereas @entity59234 existed as a low-M(r) form with a low level of GTPase activity at a high @entity1219 concentration. Electron microscopy studies revealed that the purified recombinant @entity59234 formed spiral-coiled structures or rings. In the presence of @entity2164 , these structures were transformed into a long rod structure. In contrast, in the presence of @entity3006 , these structures disassembled into oligomers that were shown to be tetramer with 4-fold symmetry. Finally, a lipid-binding assay revealed that recombinant @entity59234 purified from @entity526 bound specifically to @entity1076 . Together, these results demonstrated that the biochemical properties of @entity59234 were very similar to those of dynamin and other related proteins. Based on this similarity, we propose that @entity59234 may be involved in vesicle formation at the chloroplast envelope membrane.

title: XXXX dynamin-like 2 that binds specifically to @entity1076 assembles into a high-molecular weight complex in vivo and in vitro.

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 diagnosed with a @entity952 ( @entity952 , i.e. Oppositional Defiant @entity74 ), especially those with @entity10420 traits, are at risk of developing persistent and severe @entity146 . Reduced fear conditioning has been proposed to underlie persistent antisocial development. However, we have recently shown that both @entity952 persisters and desisters are characterized by increased fear conditioning compared with healthy controls (HCs). In this study, we investigated whether brain function during fear extinction is associated with @entity952 subgroup-membership and @entity10420 traits. Adolescents from a childhood arrestee cohort (mean age 17.6 years, s.d. 1.4) who met criteria for a @entity952 diagnosis during previous assessments were re-assessed and categorized as persistent @entity952 (n   =   25) or desistent @entity952 (n   =   25). Functional MRI during the extinction phase of a classical fear-conditioning task was used to compare regional brain function between these subgroups and 25 matched controls. Both @entity952 persisters and desisters showed hyperreactivity during fear extinction, when compared with HCs. Impulsive-irresponsible @entity10420 traits were positively associated with responses in the fear neurocircuitry and mediated the association between neural activation and group membership. These results suggest that fear acquisition and fear extinction deficits may provide an endophenotype for an emotionally hyperreactive subtype of antisocial development.

title: Fear extinction, persistent disruptive behavior and XXXX traits: fMRI in late adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['psychopathic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial behavior']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Disorder or Conduct Disorder']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['Disruptive Behavior Disorder', 'DBD']

answer: @entity10420 :: (MESH:D000987,Disease) :: ['psychopathic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity881 (OF/MOF) was found to be the major complication after blunt @entity1230 during the last 25 years and was correlated with a high mortality rate. Recently, several publications reported a decreased ARDS-related mortality, but there is little information about mortality rates from posttraumatic MOF. The purpose of this study was to describe the development of MOF-related @entity204 after blunt @entity1230 during the last 25 years. METHODS: Blunt @entity1230 @entity1 with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15 points were included in this evaluation. According to the year of @entity130 , the population was divided into five groups: years 1975-1980 (n = 317), years 1981-1985 (n = 308), years 1986-1990 (n = 246), years 1991-1997 (n = 368), and years 1998-1999 (n = 122). Main outcome measurements were @entity204 , cause of @entity204 , and length of ICU stay. @entity1 dying within the first 24 hours after @entity130 were excluded. All data indicated in the Results section are presented as mean +/- SEM. Continuous variables were compared by ANOVA. Ordinal variables were analyzed by chi2 contingency table analysis and, if significant, subsequently by Fisher's exact test (two-tailed test, p < 0.05). RESULTS: Mean ISS remained unchanged between 1975-1980 (ISS 29 +/- 1) and 1998-1999 (ISS 31 +/- 1) (p = 0.56). During the observation period, the mean age increased from 33 +/- 1 years (1975-1980) to 40 +/- 2 years (1998-1999) (p = 0.03). The overall incidence of OF/MOF slightly increased from 25.6% (1975-1980) to 33.6% (1998-1999) (p = 0.1). Length of ICU stay was not different between 1975-1980 (LOS: 14 +/- 1 d) and 1998-1999 (LOS: 19 +/- 2 d) (p = 1.0). The overall mortality decreased significantly, from 28.7% (1975-1980) to 13.9% (1998-1999) (p < 0.001). While the mortality due to severe @entity542 remained unchanged (1975-1980, 8.2%; 1998-1999, 9.0%) (p = 0.85), mortality due to OF/MOF decreased significantly (p < 0.001), from 18.0% (1975-1980) to 4.1% (1998-1999). The age of @entity1 dying from OF/MOF increased significantly (p = 0.04) during the observation period, from 44 +/- 3 years (1975-1980) to 63 +/- 6 years (1998-1999). CONCLUSION: Although MOF incidence remains unchanged, there is a significant fall in MOF-related mortality in @entity1 with severe @entity130 , and @entity204 from single organ failure is virtually absent. Severe @entity1545 is now the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with severe @entity1230 admitted to the ICU.

title: @entity881 still a major cause of morbidity but not mortality in blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma', 'multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['multiple trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity881 (OF/MOF) was found to be the major complication after blunt @entity1230 during the last 25 years and was correlated with a high mortality rate. Recently, several publications reported a decreased ARDS-related mortality, but there is little information about mortality rates from posttraumatic MOF. The purpose of this study was to describe the development of MOF-related @entity204 after blunt @entity1230 during the last 25 years. METHODS: Blunt @entity1230 @entity1 with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15 points were included in this evaluation. According to the year of @entity130 , the population was divided into five groups: years 1975-1980 (n = 317), years 1981-1985 (n = 308), years 1986-1990 (n = 246), years 1991-1997 (n = 368), and years 1998-1999 (n = 122). Main outcome measurements were @entity204 , cause of @entity204 , and length of ICU stay. @entity1 dying within the first 24 hours after @entity130 were excluded. All data indicated in the Results section are presented as mean +/- SEM. Continuous variables were compared by ANOVA. Ordinal variables were analyzed by chi2 contingency table analysis and, if significant, subsequently by Fisher's exact test (two-tailed test, p < 0.05). RESULTS: Mean ISS remained unchanged between 1975-1980 (ISS 29 +/- 1) and 1998-1999 (ISS 31 +/- 1) (p = 0.56). During the observation period, the mean age increased from 33 +/- 1 years (1975-1980) to 40 +/- 2 years (1998-1999) (p = 0.03). The overall incidence of OF/MOF slightly increased from 25.6% (1975-1980) to 33.6% (1998-1999) (p = 0.1). Length of ICU stay was not different between 1975-1980 (LOS: 14 +/- 1 d) and 1998-1999 (LOS: 19 +/- 2 d) (p = 1.0). The overall mortality decreased significantly, from 28.7% (1975-1980) to 13.9% (1998-1999) (p < 0.001). While the mortality due to severe @entity542 remained unchanged (1975-1980, 8.2%; 1998-1999, 9.0%) (p = 0.85), mortality due to OF/MOF decreased significantly (p < 0.001), from 18.0% (1975-1980) to 4.1% (1998-1999). The age of @entity1 dying from OF/MOF increased significantly (p = 0.04) during the observation period, from 44 +/- 3 years (1975-1980) to 63 +/- 6 years (1998-1999). CONCLUSION: Although MOF incidence remains unchanged, there is a significant fall in MOF-related mortality in @entity1 with severe @entity130 , and @entity204 from single organ failure is virtually absent. Severe @entity1545 is now the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with severe @entity1230 admitted to the ICU.

title: XXXX still a major cause of morbidity but not mortality in blunt @entity1230 .

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['Multiple organ failure']


abstract: We tested experimentally whether @entity12128 feathers can be used as a biomonitor for lead pollution, and we examined whether lead exposure influences the accumulation of @entity219 into feathers. Two groups of eight adult male zebra finches were dosed with, respectively, 0 and 25 ppm lead as @entity10222 in their drinking water. After 30 days, lead-treated zebra finches accumulated significantly higher lead concentrations in brain, fat, kidney, liver, muscle, testes, and regrown outer tail feathers than control individuals. Lead levels in regrown outer tail feathers were significantly higher than in original outer tail feathers in the exposed group. The concentration of lead in original (not regrown) fifth tail feathers at the end of the experiment was significantly higher than lead levels in the original outer tail feathers. Our results indicate that lead in regrown feathers originates both from internal deposition and external contamination through the excretion of the uropygial gland during preening. Lead levels in regrown feathers were significantly correlated with levels in liver, kidney, and muscle, suggesting that feathers can be used as a biomonitor for lead. We found that lead had an influence on the metabolism of @entity219 . @entity219 concentrations in the regrown feathers were significantly lower in the lead-treated group although @entity219 levels in the liver did not differ significantly. Moreover, lead and @entity219 concentrations in the feathers were significantly negatively correlated.

title: Tissue levels of lead in experimentally exposed zebra finches ( XXXX ) with particular attention on the use of feathers as biomonitors.

entities_list: @entity10222 :: ('MESH:C008261', 'Chemical') :: ['lead acetate']

answer: @entity12128 :: (59729,Species) :: ['Taeniopygia guttata']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and concentric remodeling are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We hypothesized that measures of arterial load are associated with @entity4346 and concentric remodeling, and that associations differ by sex. METHODS: We studied 600 non-Hispanic whites (59% @entity1 ) belonging to @entity101 sibships. By integrating arterial tonometry with echocardiography, we obtained the following hemodynamic measures: aortic characteristic impedance (Z c), proximal aortic compliance (PAC), systemic vascular resistance, augmentation index, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). @entity4346 and concentric remodeling were assessed by left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVMI) and @entity121 ( @entity121 ), respectively. LVMI was log-transformed to reduce skewness. Hemodynamic measures were indexed to body size. Sex-specific multivariable linear regression analyses adjusting for confounders were performed to assess the associations of measures of arterial load with log LVMI and @entity121 . RESULTS: None of the hemodynamic measures were associated with LVMI in either sex, or with @entity121 in @entity1 . However, in @entity1 , measures of @entity2333 and early, pulsatile hemodynamic load were independently associated with increased @entity121 : b    SE = 0.008  0.004 for Z c; 0.003  0.001 for cfPWV, and -0.009  0.003 for PAC (P  <= 0.05 for each). Female sex was a significant effect modifier of the associations of Z c, cfPWV, and PAC with @entity121 (P  <= 0.03 for each of the interaction terms). CONCLUSIONS: Greater Z c and cfPWV and lower PAC are independently associated with increased @entity121 in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . Our findings suggest that @entity2333 and greater early, pulsatile hemodynamic load affect left ventricular concentric remodeling in a sex-specific manner.

title: Sex Differences in the Associations of Hemodynamic Load With XXXX and Concentric Remodeling.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['relative wall thickness', 'RWT']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['Left Ventricular Hypertrophy']


abstract: Since 1932 when @entity699 has been described, several important advances have been made in diagnosis and management. However several points remain obscure and there is no general agreement among authors. An accurate biological diagnosis is one of the difficulties found when we face a @entity1 with @entity699 . In addition, corticotropin dependent syndrome should be distinguished from the independent one, as well as identifying the source of @entity4545 hypersecretion. The main problem in @entity699 is to localise the secreting @entity652 and at the moment there is not any diagnostic method with absolute sensibility and specificity. Magnetic Resonance Imaging shows a sensibility of 77% and 87% especificity; inferior petrosal sinus sampling may help in localising the side, where the @entity652 lies, although an appropriate technique is mandatory. New developing techniques, such as intraoperative doppler and assessment of @entity4545 levels in the peripituitary veins may help us in localising the source of @entity4545 hypersecretion. Sometimes the @entity652 cannot be identified and a surgical exploration of the pituitary is required. If an @entity652 is found, a 89% probility of curation has been reported; on the contrary, incomplete @entity5 removal, no @entity5 found at surgery, or the presence of the so-called corticotrop hyperplasia where followed of bad results and may explain the failed surgery. Then, hypofisectomy, hemi-hypofisectomy, radiotherapy, photon knife or gamma knife, may be of help in the control of this condition. We reviewed the recent literature and analysed the diagnostic strategies and teatments currently available for this illness. In addition we propose an algohritm for diagnosis and treatment and analyze our results in a consecutive series of 38 @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX in the 90's: a review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", 'hypercortisolism']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: DNA polymerase k (Pol k) is a specialized DNA polymerase involved in translesion DNA synthesis. Although its bypass activities across lesions are well characterized in biochemistry, its cellular protective roles against genotoxic insults are still elusive. To better understand the in vivo protective roles, we have established a @entity1 cell line deficient in the expression of Pol k (KO) and another expressing catalytically dead Pol k ( @entity1050 ), to examine the cytotoxic sensitivity to 11 genotoxins including ultraviolet C light (UV). These cell lines were established in a genetic background of @entity1 -MSH+, a @entity1 lymphoblastic cell line that has high efficiency for gene targeting, and functional @entity876 and mismatch repair activities. We classified the genotoxins into four groups. Group 1 includes @entity4624 , @entity1138 , and @entity1732 , where the sensitivity was equally higher in KO and @entity1050 than in the cell line expressing @entity164 ( @entity7097 ). Group 2 includes @entity273 and @entity8197 , where @entity56 was observed only in KO. Group 3 includes @entity10842 and @entity6321 , where @entity56 was observed only in @entity1050 . Group 4 includes UV and three chemicals, where the chemicals exhibited similar @entity137 to all three cell lines. The results suggest that Pol k not only protects cells from genotoxic DNA lesions via DNA polymerase activities, but also contributes to genome integrity by acting as a non-catalytic protein against oxidative damage caused by @entity273 and @entity8197 . The non-catalytic roles of Pol k in protection against oxidative damage by @entity273 are discussed.

title: Catalytic and non-catalytic roles of DNA polymerase k in the protection of XXXX cells against genotoxic stresses.

entities_list: @entity6321 :: ('MESH:D005020', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl methanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity10842 :: ('MESH:D008741', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl methanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['menadione']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['wild-type Pol k']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity4624 :: ('CHEBI:30614', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hyperproinsulinaemia and hyperleptinaemia are interrelated features of the @entity1720 that are linked to the prospective risk of @entity65 . Whether the association between leptin and @entity2690 is different between groups displaying different degrees of risk for @entity65 is not known. We therefore examined this association in @entity1 versus @entity1 and in pre- versus postmenopausal @entity1 from a population-based sample. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Healthy subjects (n = 158; 85 @entity1 and 73 pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 ) from the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in @entity65 population were studied with a cross-sectional design. METHODS: Anthropometric measurements (body mass index and waist circumference) and oral @entity413 tolerance tests were performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for the analyses of specific insulin and @entity2690 , and radioimmunoassay for leptin. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were calculated according to the homeostasis assessment model. Partial correlation coefficients adjusted for age and measures of @entity1386 were calculated and multiple linear regression analyses were performed with leptin as dependent variable. RESULTS: In nonobese @entity1 and premenopausal @entity1 and in @entity28 postmenopausal @entity1 , leptin was significantly associated with @entity2690 after stratification for waist circumference. Furthermore, a multivariate analyses taking age and measures of @entity1386 into account, showed that high fasting @entity2690 was a significant predictor of high leptin in these groups. In contrast, this association was lost with @entity1144 in @entity1 and premenopausal @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that both the degree of @entity1386 and the hormonal milieu influence the association between circulating leptin and @entity2690 in a normal population. Therefore, the @entity1720 seems to be characterized by lost association between leptin and @entity2690 , which may be explained by dysfunction in the @entity2270 .

title: The association between leptin and XXXX is lost with @entity1144 .

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['adipoinsular axis']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['increasing central obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin resistance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['proinsulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hyperproinsulinaemia and hyperleptinaemia are interrelated features of the @entity1720 that are linked to the prospective risk of @entity65 . Whether the association between leptin and @entity2690 is different between groups displaying different degrees of risk for @entity65 is not known. We therefore examined this association in @entity1 versus @entity1 and in pre- versus postmenopausal @entity1 from a population-based sample. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Healthy subjects (n = 158; 85 @entity1 and 73 pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 ) from the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in @entity65 population were studied with a cross-sectional design. METHODS: Anthropometric measurements (body mass index and waist circumference) and oral @entity413 tolerance tests were performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for the analyses of specific insulin and @entity2690 , and radioimmunoassay for leptin. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were calculated according to the homeostasis assessment model. Partial correlation coefficients adjusted for age and measures of @entity1386 were calculated and multiple linear regression analyses were performed with leptin as dependent variable. RESULTS: In nonobese @entity1 and premenopausal @entity1 and in @entity28 postmenopausal @entity1 , leptin was significantly associated with @entity2690 after stratification for waist circumference. Furthermore, a multivariate analyses taking age and measures of @entity1386 into account, showed that high fasting @entity2690 was a significant predictor of high leptin in these groups. In contrast, this association was lost with @entity1144 in @entity1 and premenopausal @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that both the degree of @entity1386 and the hormonal milieu influence the association between circulating leptin and @entity2690 in a normal population. Therefore, the @entity1720 seems to be characterized by lost association between leptin and @entity2690 , which may be explained by dysfunction in the @entity2270 .

title: The association between leptin and @entity2690 is lost with XXXX .

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['central obesity']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: TNM stage remains the key determinant of @entity1 prognosis after surgical resection of @entity14 ( @entity14 ), and informs treatment decisions. However, there is considerable stage-independent variability in clinical outcome that is likely due to molecular heterogeneity. This variability underscores the need for robust prognostic and predictive biomarkers to guide therapeutic decision-making including the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Although the majority of CRCs develop via a chromosomal instability pathway, approximately 12-15  % have deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) which is characterized in the @entity5 by @entity124 ( @entity124 ). Tumors with the dMMR/ @entity124 develop from a germline mutation in an MMR gene ( @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity4638 , @entity14437 ), i.e., @entity4309 , or more commonly from epigenetic inactivation of @entity6756 MMR gene. CRCs with dMMR/ @entity124 status have a distinct phenotype that includes predilection for the proximal colon, poor differentiation, and abundant @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes. Consistent data indicate that these @entity5 have a better stage-adjusted survival compared to proficient MMR or microsatellite stable (MSS) @entity5 and may respond differently to @entity1487 -based adjuvant chemotherapy. To increase the identification of dMMR/ @entity124 @entity1 in clinical practice that includes those with @entity4309 , it is recommended that all resected CRCs to be analyzed for MMR status. Available data indicate that @entity1 with stage II dMMR CRCs have an excellent prognosis and do not benefit from @entity1487 (FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy which supports their recommended management by surgery alone. In contrast, the benefit of standard adjuvant chemotherapy with the FOLFOX regiment in stage III dMMR @entity14 @entity1 awaits further study and therefore, all @entity1 should be treated with standard adjuvant FOLFOX.

title: Microsatellite instability testing and its role in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Obesity Surgery Mortality Risk Score (OS- @entity7748 ) was developed to ascertain preoperative mortality risk of @entity1 having bariatric surgery. To date there has not been a comparison between open and laparoscopic operations using the OS- @entity7748 . OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are differences in mortality risk between open and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) using the OS- @entity7748 . SETTING: Three university-affiliated hospitals. METHODS: The 90-day mortality of 2467 consecutive @entity1 who had primary open (1574) or laparoscopic (893) RYGB performed by one surgeon was determined. Univariate and multivariate analysis using 5 OS- @entity7748 risk factors including body mass index (BMI) gender, age>45, presence of @entity101 and preoperative @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) risk was performed in each group. Each @entity1 was placed in 1 of 3 OS- @entity7748 risk classes based on the number of risks: A (0-1), B (2-3), and C (4-5). RESULTS: Preoperative BMI and @entity1150 risk factors were significantly greater in the open group (OG). Preoperative age was significantly greater in the laparoscopic group (LG). There were significantly more class B and C @entity1 in LG. Ninety-day mortality rates for OG and LG @entity1 were 1.0% and .9%, respectively. @entity1151 was the most common cause of @entity204 . All deaths in LG occurred during first 4 years of that experience. Mortality rate by class was A = .1%; B = 1.5%; C = 2.3%. The difference in mortality between class B and C @entity1 was not significant. Univariate analysis in the OG indicated that BMI, age, gender, and @entity1150 risk were significant predictors of mortality. In the LG only BMI and @entity1150 were significant predictors of @entity204 . Presence of @entity101 was not a significant predictor in either group. Multivariate analysis excluding @entity101 found that age was predictive of mortality in the OG while BMI (P = .057) and gender (P = .065) approached statistical significance. Conversely, only BMI was predictive of mortality in the LG with age approaching significance (P = .058). In multivariate analysis @entity1150 risk was not predictive of mortality in either group. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences in the predictive value of the OS- @entity7748 between open and laparoscopic RYGB. Although laparoscopic @entity1 were significantly older versus the open @entity1 , age was not predictive of mortality after laparoscopic RYGB. BMI trended toward increased mortality risk in both groups. Changes in technique and protocol likely contributed toward no mortality during the last 6 years of our laparoscopic experience.

title: Differences in open versus laparoscopic gastric bypass mortality risk using the Obesity Surgery Mortality Risk Score (OS- XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

answer: @entity7748 :: (MESH:D008556,Disease) :: ['MRS']


abstract: Here we report the successful treatment of acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) with @entity1749 . @entity1749 rescue treatment was administered after a 42-year-old @entity1 failed to respond to @entity479 pulse and plasmapheresis with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The @entity1 underwent a second renal transplantation with a deceased donor kidney. She was treated pre-operatively with rituximab (200   mg/body) and underwent plasmapheresis twice (day-1 and operation day) because ELISA screening revealed that her pre-operative peak panel reactive antibody (PRA) composition was 100% class I and 100% class II and 15 times of cross-match positive history during the waiting period for transplantation. The @entity1 received induction therapy with Simulect (an @entity1199 -blocking agent). A 1-hour protocol biopsy revealed C4d-positivity and mild @entity32 . This was suggestive of early AMR-associated changes. After transplantation, the @entity1 underwent plasmaphereses (nine times) with low-dose IVIG (2   mg/kg). Despite this treatment regimen, serum @entity1011 levels increased to 3.4   mg/dL on post-transplant day 15. A second graft biopsy was performed, which showed overt AMR with glomerulitis, @entity32 and no C4d deposition. On post-operative day (POD) 22, treatment with four doses of @entity1749 (1.3   mg/m(2) ) was initiated with the @entity1 's consent. On POD 55, renal function had recovered and serum @entity1011 was 1.5   mg/dL. In summary, @entity1749 was administered as a rescue treatment for a @entity1 who developed AMR that was refractory to a combination of plasmaphereses with low-dose IVIG and preemptive administration of rituximab.

title: Treatment of acute antibody-mediated rejection using XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['peritubular capillary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

answer: @entity1749 :: (MESH:C400082,Chemical) :: ['bortezomib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cases of @entity2650 with severe @entity942 skin, as well as those for re-do @entity2650 or @entity292 repair, are considered complex cases. Depending on the degree of complexity of the defect, a two-stage procedure may still be advisable. The present paper describes the so-called Marzouk skin tag urethroplasty as a new two-stage procedure advisable for use in such difficult cases. METHODS: The Marzouk skin tag urethroplasty procedure was performed on 16 complex cases. The first stage consists of urethral mobilization plus the double-buttonhole procedure (designed by the author) to form a midline ventral skin tag proximal to an advanced hypospadiac orifice. This skin tag is fashioned, 6 months later, by the author's special techniques (type I in 12 @entity1 and type II in four @entity1 ) to form the neourethral tube and its coverage with minimal dissection. RESULTS: The operation resulted in a straight penis with neomeatus at the glans top in all 16 cases without significant complications. Both type I and II procedures give good functional results. The type I procedure has a superior cosmetic result. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 8 months. CONCLUSIONS: The double-buttonhole modification can solve the problem of deficient skin and simplify a safe second-stage procedure. The Marzouk skin tag operation (types I and II) can be an additional option to be used when indicated.

title: Marzouk skin tag two-stage urethroplasty for the repair of complex cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['chordee and deficient']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The spatial distribution of the three centromere-associated proteins a-tubulin, @entity17352 , and phosphorylated histone H2A (at @entity1889 120, H2AThr120ph) was analysed by indirect immunodetection at monocentric cereal chromosomes and at the holocentric chromosomes of Luzula elegans by super-resolution light microscopy and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Using structured illumination microscopy (SIM) as the super-resolution technique on squashed specimens and @entity4653 on uncoated isolated specimens, the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the proteins was visualized at the centromeres. Technical aspects of 3D @entity4653 are explained in detail. We show that @entity17352 forms curved "pads" mainly around the lateral centromeric region in the primary constriction of metacentric chromosomes. H2AThr120ph is present in both the primary constriction and in the pericentromere. a-tubulin-labeled microtubule bundles attach to @entity17352 -containing chromatin structures, either in single bundles with a V-shaped attachment to the centromere or in split bundles to bordering pericentromeric flanks. In holocentric L. elegans chromosomes, H2AThr120ph is located predominantly in the centromeric groove of each chromatid as proven by subsequent FIB/FESEM ablation and 3D reconstruction. a-tubulin localizes to the edges of the groove. In both holocentric and monocentric chromosomes, no additional intermediate structures between microtubules and the centromere were observed. We established models of the distribution of @entity17352 , H2AThr120ph and the attachment sites of microtubules for metacentric and holocentric plant chromosomes.

title: The ultrastructure of mono- and holocentric plant centromeres: an immunological investigation by structured illumination microscopy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity4653 :: (MESH:D004401,Disease) :: ['scanning electron microscopy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Groin injuries are common in sports, particularly multidirectional team sports, but incidence rates across sports other than football (soccer) have been poorly documented. METHODS: A systematic review (initially using PubMed and SportDiscus databases) was performed to record incidence of groin and groin region injuries in sports. Inclusion criteria included presentation of @entity130 incidence data for at least 10 team/squad seasons. RESULTS: Data from 31 studies were included. These used varying @entity130 and also considered varying injury categories from general to specific (all groin/hip region injuries, groin injuries, adductor muscle strains, intra-articular @entity4822 ). When playing the same sport, @entity1 had greater injury incidence of @entity130 than @entity1 (relative risk, RR 2.45, 95% CI 2.06 to 2.92). Sports with high incidences of @entity130 included ice hockey and the football codes. There is variation by player position for rate of @entity130 in many sports. @entity4822 have become more commonly diagnosed over the past decade in Australian football (p=0.001) and other sports. CONCLUSIONS: There is moderate evidence that @entity1 have a higher risk of @entity130 than @entity1 when playing the same sport. There is some evidence that @entity4822 are being increasingly diagnosed in the subset of 'groin injuries' in recent years. It is recommended that injury epidemiology consensus statements aim to include a number of relevant sports to improve injury incidence comparisons among different sports.

title: XXXX at higher risk of groin injuries in elite team sports: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity4822 :: ('MESH:D025981', 'Disease') :: ['hip injuries', 'Hip injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury definitions', 'groin injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity216 ( @entity216 ), a 37-kDa protein, plays an important role as a mediator of glucocorticoid action in the anterior pituitary gland and has been implicated in the processes of tumorigenesis in a number of other tissues. As a prelude to examining the potential role of @entity216 in the pathophysiology of @entity5 , this study examined the expression, phosphorylation status and distribution of @entity216 and the closely related protein, @entity4404 ( @entity4404 ), in a series of @entity977 . @entity1 AND DESIGN: Forty-two @entity1 @entity977 were examined. Parallel studies were performed on normal pituitary tissue, obtained postmortem, a @entity189 and a grade 4 @entity816 . MEASUREMENTS: The tissue was processed for analysis of @entity216 mRNA and protein expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis and immunogold electron-microscopic histochemistry. Parallel measures of @entity4404 mRNA and protein were also made. RESULTS: @entity216 mRNA and protein were detected in all but three @entity652 studied; the protein was localized mainly, but not exclusively, to nonendocrine cells. @entity4404 expression was more variable and was contained within both endocrine and nonendocrine cells of these @entity5 . In comparison with the @entity652 , the @entity189 showed abundant expression of both @entity216 and @entity4404 , with intense @entity216 staining in some but not all @entity5 /endocrine cells. A @entity563 -phosphorylated species of @entity216 was detected in all @entity5 studied; by contrast, @entity669 -phosphorylated @entity216 was detected in only four @entity652 and in the @entity189 . @entity216 and @entity4404 were also expressed in abundance in the @entity816 . CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate expression of both @entity216 and @entity4404 in @entity1 @entity5 and thus raise the possibility that these proteins influence the growth and/or functional activity of the @entity5 .

title: Expression, subcellular localization and phosphorylation status of annexins 1 and 5 in XXXX @entity977 and a growth hormone-secreting @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['GH carcinoma', 'GH-secreting carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas and in two carcinomas', 'pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity216 ( @entity216 ), a 37-kDa protein, plays an important role as a mediator of glucocorticoid action in the anterior pituitary gland and has been implicated in the processes of tumorigenesis in a number of other tissues. As a prelude to examining the potential role of @entity216 in the pathophysiology of @entity5 , this study examined the expression, phosphorylation status and distribution of @entity216 and the closely related protein, @entity4404 ( @entity4404 ), in a series of @entity977 . @entity1 AND DESIGN: Forty-two @entity1 @entity977 were examined. Parallel studies were performed on normal pituitary tissue, obtained postmortem, a @entity189 and a grade 4 @entity816 . MEASUREMENTS: The tissue was processed for analysis of @entity216 mRNA and protein expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis and immunogold electron-microscopic histochemistry. Parallel measures of @entity4404 mRNA and protein were also made. RESULTS: @entity216 mRNA and protein were detected in all but three @entity652 studied; the protein was localized mainly, but not exclusively, to nonendocrine cells. @entity4404 expression was more variable and was contained within both endocrine and nonendocrine cells of these @entity5 . In comparison with the @entity652 , the @entity189 showed abundant expression of both @entity216 and @entity4404 , with intense @entity216 staining in some but not all @entity5 /endocrine cells. A @entity563 -phosphorylated species of @entity216 was detected in all @entity5 studied; by contrast, @entity669 -phosphorylated @entity216 was detected in only four @entity652 and in the @entity189 . @entity216 and @entity4404 were also expressed in abundance in the @entity816 . CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate expression of both @entity216 and @entity4404 in @entity1 @entity5 and thus raise the possibility that these proteins influence the growth and/or functional activity of the @entity5 .

title: Expression, subcellular localization and phosphorylation status of annexins 1 and 5 in @entity1 XXXX and a growth hormone-secreting @entity189 .

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity216 ( @entity216 ), a 37-kDa protein, plays an important role as a mediator of glucocorticoid action in the anterior pituitary gland and has been implicated in the processes of tumorigenesis in a number of other tissues. As a prelude to examining the potential role of @entity216 in the pathophysiology of @entity5 , this study examined the expression, phosphorylation status and distribution of @entity216 and the closely related protein, @entity4404 ( @entity4404 ), in a series of @entity977 . @entity1 AND DESIGN: Forty-two @entity1 @entity977 were examined. Parallel studies were performed on normal pituitary tissue, obtained postmortem, a @entity189 and a grade 4 @entity816 . MEASUREMENTS: The tissue was processed for analysis of @entity216 mRNA and protein expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis and immunogold electron-microscopic histochemistry. Parallel measures of @entity4404 mRNA and protein were also made. RESULTS: @entity216 mRNA and protein were detected in all but three @entity652 studied; the protein was localized mainly, but not exclusively, to nonendocrine cells. @entity4404 expression was more variable and was contained within both endocrine and nonendocrine cells of these @entity5 . In comparison with the @entity652 , the @entity189 showed abundant expression of both @entity216 and @entity4404 , with intense @entity216 staining in some but not all @entity5 /endocrine cells. A @entity563 -phosphorylated species of @entity216 was detected in all @entity5 studied; by contrast, @entity669 -phosphorylated @entity216 was detected in only four @entity652 and in the @entity189 . @entity216 and @entity4404 were also expressed in abundance in the @entity816 . CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate expression of both @entity216 and @entity4404 in @entity1 @entity5 and thus raise the possibility that these proteins influence the growth and/or functional activity of the @entity5 .

title: Expression, subcellular localization and phosphorylation status of annexins 1 and 5 in @entity1 @entity977 and a growth hormone-secreting XXXX .

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bioactive glass (BG) is a glass ceramic material. It has been used as surgical bone replacement material in ear and oral surgery, orthopedics, and dentistry. METHODS: Bioactive glass was used as obliteration material in a series of @entity50 on 10 @entity1 suffering from @entity12476 , which other, more-conservative treatment modalities had failed to cure. RESULTS: Bioactive glass is easy to handle, and complete obliteration of all sinusal recesses and excavations is easily achieved. No adverse effects of the implant material have been seen over a mean follow-up period of 5.0 years. One @entity1 with a local recurrent infection in the outer table of the sinus was reoperated on 5 months after primary surgery. Repeated postoperative computed tomographic scans analyzed by digital region-of-interest (ROI) selection showed no remarkable changes in the frontal sinus cavities but a slight, yearly decrease in the density of the occlusion material. Laboratory monitoring of @entity1 and histopathologic examination of two postoperative biopsy specimens indicated that the material is well tolerated and stable. CONCLUSIONS: Bioactive glass is a promising and well-tolerated bone graft suitable for @entity50 . Total accurate obliteration of the sinus is achieved with different sizes of granules and blocks. The results of the obliteration are maintained owing to the stability of the material.

title: XXXX with bioactive glass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12476 :: ('MESH:D015522', 'Disease') :: ['chronic frontal sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['osteoplastic frontal sinus operations']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['Obliteration of the frontal sinus cavity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity2072 abusers also abuse alcohol, but little is known about interactions that promote co-abuse. These experiments in @entity2608 determined the effects of >8 weeks of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) consumption on @entity2072 self-administration (n=6), effects of @entity935 (DA) receptor antagonists on @entity2072 reinforcement (n=3-4 per drug) and the ability of the D2-like DA receptor agonist @entity11640 to elicit @entity7875 (n=3). METHODS: Monkeys self-administered @entity2072 (0.0-1.0mg/kg/injection, i.v.) under a 300-s fixed-interval schedule and the above-listed variables were measured before @entity167 exposure. Next, monkeys consumed a sweetened, 4% @entity167 solution in the home cage under binge-like conditions: 1h, 5 days/week with daily intake equaling 2.0g/kg @entity167 . After approximately 8 weeks, measures were re-determined, then @entity167 drinking was discontinued. Finally, acute effects of @entity167 on @entity2072 self-administration were determined by infusing @entity167 (0.0-1.0g/kg. i.v.) prior to @entity2072 self-administration sessions (n=4). RESULTS: In five of six monkeys, @entity167 drinking increased self-administration of low @entity2072 doses but did not alter reinforcing effects of higher doses. Self-administration returned to baseline after @entity167 access was terminated (n=3). Effects of DA receptor antagonists on @entity2072 self-administration were not consistently altered after @entity167 consumption, but the ability of @entity11640 to induce @entity7875 was enhanced in two of three monkeys. Acute @entity167 infusions only decreased self-administration of lower @entity2072 doses. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the data suggest that long-term @entity167 exposure can increase sensitivity to @entity2072 , possibly by increasing D3 receptor sensitivity. Data do not support a role for acute pharmacological interactions in promoting @entity2072 / @entity167 co-abuse.

title: Effects of chronic binge-like XXXX consumption on @entity2072 self-administration in @entity2608 .

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity2072 abusers also abuse alcohol, but little is known about interactions that promote co-abuse. These experiments in @entity2608 determined the effects of >8 weeks of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) consumption on @entity2072 self-administration (n=6), effects of @entity935 (DA) receptor antagonists on @entity2072 reinforcement (n=3-4 per drug) and the ability of the D2-like DA receptor agonist @entity11640 to elicit @entity7875 (n=3). METHODS: Monkeys self-administered @entity2072 (0.0-1.0mg/kg/injection, i.v.) under a 300-s fixed-interval schedule and the above-listed variables were measured before @entity167 exposure. Next, monkeys consumed a sweetened, 4% @entity167 solution in the home cage under binge-like conditions: 1h, 5 days/week with daily intake equaling 2.0g/kg @entity167 . After approximately 8 weeks, measures were re-determined, then @entity167 drinking was discontinued. Finally, acute effects of @entity167 on @entity2072 self-administration were determined by infusing @entity167 (0.0-1.0g/kg. i.v.) prior to @entity2072 self-administration sessions (n=4). RESULTS: In five of six monkeys, @entity167 drinking increased self-administration of low @entity2072 doses but did not alter reinforcing effects of higher doses. Self-administration returned to baseline after @entity167 access was terminated (n=3). Effects of DA receptor antagonists on @entity2072 self-administration were not consistently altered after @entity167 consumption, but the ability of @entity11640 to induce @entity7875 was enhanced in two of three monkeys. Acute @entity167 infusions only decreased self-administration of lower @entity2072 doses. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the data suggest that long-term @entity167 exposure can increase sensitivity to @entity2072 , possibly by increasing D3 receptor sensitivity. Data do not support a role for acute pharmacological interactions in promoting @entity2072 / @entity167 co-abuse.

title: Effects of chronic binge-like @entity1068 consumption on XXXX self-administration in @entity2608 .

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity2072 abusers also abuse alcohol, but little is known about interactions that promote co-abuse. These experiments in @entity2608 determined the effects of >8 weeks of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) consumption on @entity2072 self-administration (n=6), effects of @entity935 (DA) receptor antagonists on @entity2072 reinforcement (n=3-4 per drug) and the ability of the D2-like DA receptor agonist @entity11640 to elicit @entity7875 (n=3). METHODS: Monkeys self-administered @entity2072 (0.0-1.0mg/kg/injection, i.v.) under a 300-s fixed-interval schedule and the above-listed variables were measured before @entity167 exposure. Next, monkeys consumed a sweetened, 4% @entity167 solution in the home cage under binge-like conditions: 1h, 5 days/week with daily intake equaling 2.0g/kg @entity167 . After approximately 8 weeks, measures were re-determined, then @entity167 drinking was discontinued. Finally, acute effects of @entity167 on @entity2072 self-administration were determined by infusing @entity167 (0.0-1.0g/kg. i.v.) prior to @entity2072 self-administration sessions (n=4). RESULTS: In five of six monkeys, @entity167 drinking increased self-administration of low @entity2072 doses but did not alter reinforcing effects of higher doses. Self-administration returned to baseline after @entity167 access was terminated (n=3). Effects of DA receptor antagonists on @entity2072 self-administration were not consistently altered after @entity167 consumption, but the ability of @entity11640 to induce @entity7875 was enhanced in two of three monkeys. Acute @entity167 infusions only decreased self-administration of lower @entity2072 doses. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the data suggest that long-term @entity167 exposure can increase sensitivity to @entity2072 , possibly by increasing D3 receptor sensitivity. Data do not support a role for acute pharmacological interactions in promoting @entity2072 / @entity167 co-abuse.

title: Effects of chronic binge-like @entity1068 consumption on @entity2072 self-administration in XXXX .

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis, in a prospective randomized double-blind study, that the combination of intravesical @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and oral @entity10257 (BC) are additive or synergistic in improving bladder emptying, as they have been used alone for treating @entity73 with little clinical benefit. @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with detrusor underactivity (17 @entity1 and two @entity1 ) were eligible and randomized to one of two treatments. All had postvoid residual urine volumes (PVR) consistently of > 300 mL, most being reliant on clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC). The experimental treatment group (nine @entity1 ) received once-weekly intravesical @entity1421 (1.5 mg in 20 mL 0.9% saline) plus BC 50 mg four times daily, for a total of 6 weeks. The second group of 10 @entity1 received a once-weekly instillation of saline together with placebo tablets, again for 6 weeks. RESULTS: Before treatment the median (interquartile range) PVR was 426 (405-480) mL for those receiving both drugs; this decreased to 325 (290-352) mL after completing the treatment (P < 0.015). In the placebo group the respective values were 576 (539-777) and 538 (350-775) mL (P = 0.09). Four of the @entity1 receiving the active combination reported symptomatic improvement and were able to reduce the frequency of CISC. CONCLUSION: Although there was evidence of a pharmacological effect, BC and @entity1421 had a limited therapeutic effect compared with placebo. Whilst we would not recommend this treatment as routine, it may be considered for the occasional treatment of a @entity1 with detrusor underactivity.

title: XXXX and @entity10257 in combination for treating detrusor underactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired detrusor contractility']

entities_list: @entity10257 :: ('MESH:D018723', 'Chemical') :: ['bethanechol chloride']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['Prostaglandin E2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis, in a prospective randomized double-blind study, that the combination of intravesical @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and oral @entity10257 (BC) are additive or synergistic in improving bladder emptying, as they have been used alone for treating @entity73 with little clinical benefit. @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with detrusor underactivity (17 @entity1 and two @entity1 ) were eligible and randomized to one of two treatments. All had postvoid residual urine volumes (PVR) consistently of > 300 mL, most being reliant on clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC). The experimental treatment group (nine @entity1 ) received once-weekly intravesical @entity1421 (1.5 mg in 20 mL 0.9% saline) plus BC 50 mg four times daily, for a total of 6 weeks. The second group of 10 @entity1 received a once-weekly instillation of saline together with placebo tablets, again for 6 weeks. RESULTS: Before treatment the median (interquartile range) PVR was 426 (405-480) mL for those receiving both drugs; this decreased to 325 (290-352) mL after completing the treatment (P < 0.015). In the placebo group the respective values were 576 (539-777) and 538 (350-775) mL (P = 0.09). Four of the @entity1 receiving the active combination reported symptomatic improvement and were able to reduce the frequency of CISC. CONCLUSION: Although there was evidence of a pharmacological effect, BC and @entity1421 had a limited therapeutic effect compared with placebo. Whilst we would not recommend this treatment as routine, it may be considered for the occasional treatment of a @entity1 with detrusor underactivity.

title: @entity1421 and XXXX in combination for treating detrusor underactivity.

answer: @entity10257 :: (MESH:D018723,Chemical) :: ['bethanechol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies compared radiographic and clinical outcomes between @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ) and @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) in treating @entity179 ( @entity179 ). METHODS: A total of 176 consecutive @entity1 who underwent posterior instrumented spinal surgery for @entity179 between January 2007 and January 2009 were prospectively divided into two groups- @entity1344 and @entity2649 . All @entity1 included in the analysis were followed up for 3 years. Demographic distribution, perioperative complications, and radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The amount of intraoperative @entity190 and drained volume was significantly greater in the @entity2649 group compared with the @entity1344 group (881.1 ml versus 737.4 ml, p   =   0.004). The length of stay of @entity1 who had @entity2649 surgery (20.9 days) was significantly longer (p   =   0.033) than that of @entity1 who underwent @entity1344 surgery (18.9 days). @entity1 with @entity2649 surgery had higher total costs than those with @entity1344 surgery (US 12826.8 versus US 11654.5, p   =   0.002). No statistically significant differences existed in back visual analogue scale (VAS), leg VAS, or @entity717 index (ODI) scores between the @entity1344 and @entity2649 groups of @entity1 at each time point. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with @entity2649 , @entity1344 have advantages on @entity190 , length of stay in hospital, total charges, and radiographic outcomes, but no advantages on leg and back VAS or ODI scores. High-quality randomized controlled trials are still required in the future.

title: Comparison between @entity1344 and posterior lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of XXXX : a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['posterior lumbar intervertebral fusion', 'PLIF']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['DDD', 'degenerative disc disease']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['posterior dynamic stabilization', 'PDS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative disc disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies compared radiographic and clinical outcomes between @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ) and @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) in treating @entity179 ( @entity179 ). METHODS: A total of 176 consecutive @entity1 who underwent posterior instrumented spinal surgery for @entity179 between January 2007 and January 2009 were prospectively divided into two groups- @entity1344 and @entity2649 . All @entity1 included in the analysis were followed up for 3 years. Demographic distribution, perioperative complications, and radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The amount of intraoperative @entity190 and drained volume was significantly greater in the @entity2649 group compared with the @entity1344 group (881.1 ml versus 737.4 ml, p   =   0.004). The length of stay of @entity1 who had @entity2649 surgery (20.9 days) was significantly longer (p   =   0.033) than that of @entity1 who underwent @entity1344 surgery (18.9 days). @entity1 with @entity2649 surgery had higher total costs than those with @entity1344 surgery (US 12826.8 versus US 11654.5, p   =   0.002). No statistically significant differences existed in back visual analogue scale (VAS), leg VAS, or @entity717 index (ODI) scores between the @entity1344 and @entity2649 groups of @entity1 at each time point. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with @entity2649 , @entity1344 have advantages on @entity190 , length of stay in hospital, total charges, and radiographic outcomes, but no advantages on leg and back VAS or ODI scores. High-quality randomized controlled trials are still required in the future.

title: Comparison between XXXX and posterior lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of @entity179 : a prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity1344 :: (MESH:D043171,Disease) :: ['posterior dynamic stabilization']


abstract: @entity1352 with extensive osteoid production is rare. We report a case of @entity1352 of monophasic type with massive ossification. The diagnosis was confirmed by reverse-transcripitase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The @entity1 was an-81-year-old @entity1 with recurrent @entity1352 in her right knee. The @entity5 was primarily excised in 1989. It recurred and was removed again in 1996. However, in 1999 a painful mass appeared in the same site. Preoperative plain radiography and computed tomography revealed a 5 x 5 cm soft tissue mass with extensive ossification in the medial side of the right knee joint. The @entity5 was widely excised in 2000. Soft X-ray examination revealed a trabecular pattern of ossification in the excised @entity5 . Microscopically the @entity5 was composed of hypercellular spindle cells with @entity714 with prominent ossification but no epithelial component. The @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2277 and focally positive for cytokeratin. The @entity5 expressed a sequence of @entity22880 - @entity24983 fusion gene transcript demonstrated by RT-PCR. Twelve years long survival of the present case without @entity3 in spite of repeated recurrence suggests a better prognosis of @entity1352 with ossification.

title: XXXX with massive ossification--a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['fascicular arrangement']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcomas', 'synovial sarcoma', 'Synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1352 :: (MESH:D013584,Disease) :: ['Synovial sarcoma']


abstract: Head and @entity135 are a rare and heterogeneous group of @entity5 that pose management challenges. We report our experience with these @entity5 . Forty consecutive @entity1 treated for 44 @entity135 between 1997 and 2014 were culled from our prospectively maintained head and neck database. Five @entity1 were excluded. The adult cohort consisted 29 (83%) @entity1 of a mean age of 57.7   years, with 33 @entity242 . The most common diagnoses were undifferentiated @entity242 (27%) and @entity421 (21%). Clear surgical margins were achieved in 24/33 (73%) lesions. Twenty-two @entity1 received radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Fourteen @entity1 developed local (n   =   6), regional (n   =   1) and distant (n   =   7) recurrence. The overall 5-year survival was 66% with a mean survival interval of 66.5   months. Recurrent @entity242 , close (<1   mm) or involved surgical margins and advanced age were associated with statistically significantly reduced survival. The pediatric cohort consisted 6 (17%) @entity1 , with a mean age of 9   years. Five @entity1 had primary @entity2875 and one had @entity421 . Clear surgical margins were achieved in five (83%) @entity1 . All @entity1 received adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Mean survival interval was 102   months. Three @entity1 developed local (n   =   1) or distant (n   =   2) recurrence. Twenty-three free and 8 pedicled flaps were performed in 25 @entity1 . Eleven out of thirty-nine (28%) lesions in 11 @entity1 developed a complication. In conclusion, @entity135 are best managed by a multidisciplinary team at a tertiary head and neck referral center and resection with clear margins is vital for disease control.

title: Outcomes of the treatment of XXXX in a tertiary referral center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck sarcomas', 'head and neck sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'pleomorphic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['chondroblastic osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2875 :: ('MESH:D018233', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck sarcomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity995 ( @entity995 ) is the most common @entity2093 in @entity1 . Early detection is necessary for cure. OBJECTIVE: To compare stage and outcome of @entity1 with @entity995 treated at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa (SA), during two time periods (1993 - 2000 and 2001 - 2008, after outreach interventions in 2000 and introduction of compulsory community service for doctors in 1998). METHODS: Data collected included demography (age, gender, date of birth), stage and treatment received. The main outcome measure was disease-free survival and the study end-point was 60 months after diagnosis. RESULTS: There were 51 @entity1 during the time period 1993 - 2000 (group 1) and 73 during 2001 - 2008 (group 2), with median ages of 32 and 26 months, respectively (marginally significantly younger in group 2; p = 0.046). In group 1, the majority (57%) presented with @entity1442 (stages III and IV), with a decline in this proportion in group 2 (40%) indicating a downward but not significant trend (p = 0.075). Bilateral disease was diagnosed in 22% of @entity1 in group 1 and 33% in group 2. Overall survival was 33% and 43% for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Excluding absconding @entity1 , event-free survival was 50% in group 1, improving to 68% in group 2 (not statistically significant; p = 0.18). Fewer @entity1 needed radiotherapy during the second period (statistically significant; p = 0.04), probably because of @entity1442 . CONCLUSION: Poor outcome is probably a result of late diagnosis. It is important to implement a strategy that will ensure early diagnosis and optimal management of @entity995 in SA.

title: XXXX outcome at a single institution in South Africa.

entities_list: @entity2093 :: ('MESH:D005134', 'Disease') :: ['eye cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['less advanced disease', 'advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma', 'RB']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Retinoblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of an acute adverse stress as "trigger" for the onset of @entity302 . METHODS: Among 4618 consecutive @entity1 , twenty-two reported a major life event within three months before the onset of @entity302 . RESULTS: All @entity1 had @entity1625 except one with @entity3762 . The temporal lobe was involved in 90% of @entity1 with @entity1625 . More precisely, 13 @entity1 (62% of @entity1 with @entity1625 ) had @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), two had lateral @entity1315 , four had @entity302 , and two @entity1 had central @entity1315 . The mean age and the median age at onset of @entity302 for @entity1 with @entity1315 were both 38years (range: 9.5-65years). Ten @entity1 had right and three had left @entity1315 . Among @entity1 with @entity1625 , MRI was abnormal in 7 (33%) with @entity131 in four, @entity27448 in two, and complex cortical @entity16490 in one. The mean age at onset of @entity302 for @entity1 with @entity75 was 26years (range: 9.5-49). Twelve @entity1 (54%) reported a @entity204 as a triggering factor for the onset of their @entity302 . Seven @entity1 (32%) reported that a relationship of trust had been broken. Three @entity1 (14%) had been subjects of violence. No @entity1 reported @entity458 as a triggering factor. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that some @entity1 (5/1000 @entity1 ) began their @entity410 in the wake of significant life events. The average age at onset of @entity302 is quite late, around age 30, even in the presence of @entity75 . These @entity1 are emotionally and affectively more prone to have consequences of a stressful life event. The recognition and management of such situations may bring significant relief with improvement of the control of @entity302 .

title: Can emotional stress trigger the onset of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity27448 :: ('MESH:D054091', 'Disease') :: ['periventricular nodular heterotopia']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['MTLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy', 'lobe epilepsy', 'medial temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['temporoparietooccipital junction epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Type @entity43 (EOCs) are reported to be relatively chemoresistant. This study sought to compare pretreatment chemoresponse assays in @entity196 vs. Type II EOCs. STUDY DESIGN: 383 @entity1 with stage III-IV EOC enrolled in an observational study, with known chemoresponse assay results for 7 common therapeutic agents, were included. @entity196 EOCs were defined as grade 1 serous/endometrioid @entity5 and all @entity5 . Type II EOCs were classified as grade 2-3 serous/endometrioid @entity5 and undifferentiated @entity5 . Chemotherapy assay responses were classified as sensitive (S), intermediately sensitive (I), or resistant (R). All @entity1 were treated with @entity902 / @entity3907 therapy following cytoreductive surgery. RESULTS: Thirty (7.8%) @entity5 were classified as @entity196 EOC, and 353 (92.2%) as Type II EOC. @entity196 @entity1 were younger at the time of diagnosis (median age: 57 vs. 62 years, p=0.018) and had longer survival compared to Type II @entity1 (mPFS: 25.8 vs. 16.4 months, HR=1.71, p=0.042). Eighty-six percent of @entity196 EOC specimens demonstrated a sensitive chemoresponse assay result to at least 1 agent; 35.7% were pan-S to all 7 agents. After adjusting for stage, debulking status, and type of EOC, multi-drug resistance was twice as likely in @entity1 with @entity196 EOC compared to Type II EOC (pan-R, 14.3% vs. 6.8% (p=0.268); pan-S, 35.7% vs. 51.2% (p=0.183)), but did not attain statistical significance. CONCLUSION(S): The majority of @entity1 with @entity196 EOC displayed assay sensitivity to at least one agent. Given the small sample size these findings need to be evaluated further.

title: Evaluation of in vitro chemoresponse profiles in @entity1 with XXXX : An observational study ancillary analysis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['I epithelial ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'clear cell/mucinous cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Type I and Type II epithelial ovarian cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Type @entity43 (EOCs) are reported to be relatively chemoresistant. This study sought to compare pretreatment chemoresponse assays in @entity196 vs. Type II EOCs. STUDY DESIGN: 383 @entity1 with stage III-IV EOC enrolled in an observational study, with known chemoresponse assay results for 7 common therapeutic agents, were included. @entity196 EOCs were defined as grade 1 serous/endometrioid @entity5 and all @entity5 . Type II EOCs were classified as grade 2-3 serous/endometrioid @entity5 and undifferentiated @entity5 . Chemotherapy assay responses were classified as sensitive (S), intermediately sensitive (I), or resistant (R). All @entity1 were treated with @entity902 / @entity3907 therapy following cytoreductive surgery. RESULTS: Thirty (7.8%) @entity5 were classified as @entity196 EOC, and 353 (92.2%) as Type II EOC. @entity196 @entity1 were younger at the time of diagnosis (median age: 57 vs. 62 years, p=0.018) and had longer survival compared to Type II @entity1 (mPFS: 25.8 vs. 16.4 months, HR=1.71, p=0.042). Eighty-six percent of @entity196 EOC specimens demonstrated a sensitive chemoresponse assay result to at least 1 agent; 35.7% were pan-S to all 7 agents. After adjusting for stage, debulking status, and type of EOC, multi-drug resistance was twice as likely in @entity1 with @entity196 EOC compared to Type II EOC (pan-R, 14.3% vs. 6.8% (p=0.268); pan-S, 35.7% vs. 51.2% (p=0.183)), but did not attain statistical significance. CONCLUSION(S): The majority of @entity1 with @entity196 EOC displayed assay sensitivity to at least one agent. Given the small sample size these findings need to be evaluated further.

title: Evaluation of in vitro chemoresponse profiles in XXXX with @entity43 : An observational study ancillary analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eclampsia remains a major cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. We examined facilitators and barriers to the use of @entity2400 ( @entity2400 ) in the management of @entity1468 / @entity3036 ( @entity5029 ) in health facilities in Bauchi and Sokoto States in Nigeria. METHODS: Data were collected from 80 health facilities using a cross-sectional, mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) design. We assessed health facility readiness to manage @entity5029 and use @entity2400 as the drug of choice, through provider interviews, in-depth interviews with facility managers and an inventory of equipment and supply in facilities. Bivariate and qualitative data analyses were performed to isolate the principal enabling factors and barriers to the management of @entity5029 and use of @entity2400 . RESULTS: The majority of health facility providers correctly mentioned @entity2400 as the drug of choice for the prevention and termination of @entity410 in severe @entity5029 (65  %). Sixty-four percent of the health facilities had service registers available. About 45  % of providers had been trained on the use of @entity2400 for the management of @entity5029 . Regarding providers' practices, 45  % of respondents indicated that @entity2400 was used to prevent and treat @entity410 in severe @entity5029 in their facilities. Barriers to management of @entity5029 included inadequate numbers of skilled providers, frequent shortages of @entity2400 , lack of essential equipment and supplies, irregular supply of electricity and water, and non-availability of guidelines and clinical protocols at the health facilities. Technical support to providers was inadequate. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that a constellation of factors adversely affect the management of @entity5029 and especially the use of @entity2400 by service providers. Efforts to improve the management of @entity5029 in facilities should include integrated programs that substantially improve provider and facility readiness to manage @entity5029 for better maternal and newborn health outcomes in Northern Nigeria.

title: Factors influencing the use of @entity2400 in @entity1468 / XXXX management in health facilities in Northern Nigeria: a mixed methods study.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate', 'MgSO4']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['eclampsia']