abstract: CONTEXT: @entity308 are common among @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and may modify @entity1 ' preferences for life-sustaining therapy. Examining the relationship between @entity1 preferences for life-sustaining treatments and @entity308 is important for clinicians engaging in end-of-life care discussions. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether a history of @entity308 or active @entity308 is associated with preferences for life-sustaining therapies among veterans with @entity1030 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 376 veterans who participated in a randomized trial to improve the occurrence and quality of end-of-life communication between providers and @entity1 . @entity308 were assessed by self-reported history and the Mental Health Index-5 survey. Preferences for mechanical ventilation (MV) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were assessed using standardized instruments. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to adjust for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: @entity1 were older @entity1 with severe @entity1030 . A substantial proportion of @entity1 noted that they would want MV (64.2%) or CPR (77.8%). @entity308 history and active symptoms were not associated with preferences for MV and CPR either before or after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION: @entity308 history and active symptoms among veterans with severe @entity1030 were not associated with their decisions for life-sustaining treatments. Clinicians caring for @entity1 with @entity1030 should understand the importance of assessing and treating @entity1 with @entity308 , yet recognize that @entity308 may not be predictive of a @entity1 declining life-sustaining treatments.

title: The association of XXXX and preferences for life-sustaining treatments in veterans with @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity308 are common among @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and may modify @entity1 ' preferences for life-sustaining therapy. Examining the relationship between @entity1 preferences for life-sustaining treatments and @entity308 is important for clinicians engaging in end-of-life care discussions. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether a history of @entity308 or active @entity308 is associated with preferences for life-sustaining therapies among veterans with @entity1030 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 376 veterans who participated in a randomized trial to improve the occurrence and quality of end-of-life communication between providers and @entity1 . @entity308 were assessed by self-reported history and the Mental Health Index-5 survey. Preferences for mechanical ventilation (MV) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were assessed using standardized instruments. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to adjust for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: @entity1 were older @entity1 with severe @entity1030 . A substantial proportion of @entity1 noted that they would want MV (64.2%) or CPR (77.8%). @entity308 history and active symptoms were not associated with preferences for MV and CPR either before or after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION: @entity308 history and active symptoms among veterans with severe @entity1030 were not associated with their decisions for life-sustaining treatments. Clinicians caring for @entity1 with @entity1030 should understand the importance of assessing and treating @entity1 with @entity308 , yet recognize that @entity308 may not be predictive of a @entity1 declining life-sustaining treatments.

title: The association of @entity308 and preferences for life-sustaining treatments in veterans with XXXX .

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Ambulation limitation is the hallmark of impairment in @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ). Capacity and performance have been defined as two distinct aspects of disability. Previous literature suggests that a @entity1 's walking capacity may not be reflected in their daily walking performance. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between survey instruments, tested walking capacity, and daily ambulatory performance in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2649 . STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Prospective laboratory and clinical observational study at a tertiary care spine clinic. @entity1 SAMPLE: Twelve subjects with @entity2649 significant enough to be scheduled for epidural injection. OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaire (including the Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire, @entity158 Disability Index, @entity717 Index, Quebec Back @entity158 Disability Scale, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey), laboratory walk testing (walking capacity), and activity monitors (community ambulation). METHODS: Subjects filled out functional questionnaires, performed a Self-Paced Walking Test ( @entity4464 ) of up to 30 minutes, and wore an Actigraph activity monitor during walking hours for 7 days. RESULTS: There was no statistically @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ) and community ambulation per day (activity monitors), however, the maximum time of continuous activity during community ambulation had a strong relationship (r=0.63) with the @entity4464 . Fifteen self-report measures of ambulation were significantly correlated with the @entity4464 , activity monitor, or both. Of these, 13 (87%) were more highly correlated to the @entity4464 than the activity monitor. The @entity4464 had a strong relationship (r>0.60, p<.05) with global function scales but community ambulation did not. CONCLUSIONS: Walking capacity and walking performance in @entity2649 appear to be different constructs. Survey instruments appear to reflect capacity rather than performance. This dissociation between walking capacity and walking performance has implications for the clinical management and outcomes assessment of @entity1 with @entity2649 .

title: Walking assessment in @entity1 with XXXX : capacity, performance, and self-report measures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LSS', 'lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['SPWT', 'significant relationship between walking capacity']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Ambulation limitation is the hallmark of impairment in @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ). Capacity and performance have been defined as two distinct aspects of disability. Previous literature suggests that a @entity1 's walking capacity may not be reflected in their daily walking performance. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between survey instruments, tested walking capacity, and daily ambulatory performance in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2649 . STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Prospective laboratory and clinical observational study at a tertiary care spine clinic. @entity1 SAMPLE: Twelve subjects with @entity2649 significant enough to be scheduled for epidural injection. OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaire (including the Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire, @entity158 Disability Index, @entity717 Index, Quebec Back @entity158 Disability Scale, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey), laboratory walk testing (walking capacity), and activity monitors (community ambulation). METHODS: Subjects filled out functional questionnaires, performed a Self-Paced Walking Test ( @entity4464 ) of up to 30 minutes, and wore an Actigraph activity monitor during walking hours for 7 days. RESULTS: There was no statistically @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ) and community ambulation per day (activity monitors), however, the maximum time of continuous activity during community ambulation had a strong relationship (r=0.63) with the @entity4464 . Fifteen self-report measures of ambulation were significantly correlated with the @entity4464 , activity monitor, or both. Of these, 13 (87%) were more highly correlated to the @entity4464 than the activity monitor. The @entity4464 had a strong relationship (r>0.60, p<.05) with global function scales but community ambulation did not. CONCLUSIONS: Walking capacity and walking performance in @entity2649 appear to be different constructs. Survey instruments appear to reflect capacity rather than performance. This dissociation between walking capacity and walking performance has implications for the clinical management and outcomes assessment of @entity1 with @entity2649 .

title: Walking assessment in XXXX with @entity2649 : capacity, performance, and self-report measures.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: A large number of genes can cause inherited @entity2000 when mutated. It is important to identify the cause of disease for a better disease prognosis and a possible gene-specific therapeutic intervention. OBJECTIVE: To identify the cause of disease in families with @entity6391 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : @entity1 and family members were recruited for the study and underwent clinical evaluation and genetic analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Identification of sequence variants in genes using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS: We performed exome sequencing for 4 families, which was followed by Sanger sequencing of the identified mutations in 120 ethnicity-matched @entity1 . In total, we identified 4 @entity42970 missense mutations that cause @entity6391 . Three siblings of Moroccan Jewish ancestry were compound heterozygotes for @entity72007 and @entity72008 , and 6 @entity1 belonging to 4 families of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry were homozygous for either @entity72009 or @entity72010 , or compound heterozygous for these 2 mutations. The mutations cosegregated with @entity6391 in the studied families, and the affected @entity535 residues are evolutionarily conserved. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our study shows that @entity42970 mutations can cause @entity6391 and highlights yet another candidate for this genetically heterogeneous condition.

title: Association Between Missense Mutations in the @entity42970 Gene and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degenerations']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa', 'retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity72007 :: ('p|SUB|A|33|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.A33D']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['Nonsyndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: A large number of genes can cause inherited @entity2000 when mutated. It is important to identify the cause of disease for a better disease prognosis and a possible gene-specific therapeutic intervention. OBJECTIVE: To identify the cause of disease in families with @entity6391 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : @entity1 and family members were recruited for the study and underwent clinical evaluation and genetic analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Identification of sequence variants in genes using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS: We performed exome sequencing for 4 families, which was followed by Sanger sequencing of the identified mutations in 120 ethnicity-matched @entity1 . In total, we identified 4 @entity42970 missense mutations that cause @entity6391 . Three siblings of Moroccan Jewish ancestry were compound heterozygotes for @entity72007 and @entity72008 , and 6 @entity1 belonging to 4 families of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry were homozygous for either @entity72009 or @entity72010 , or compound heterozygous for these 2 mutations. The mutations cosegregated with @entity6391 in the studied families, and the affected @entity535 residues are evolutionarily conserved. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our study shows that @entity42970 mutations can cause @entity6391 and highlights yet another candidate for this genetically heterogeneous condition.

title: Association Between Missense Mutations in the XXXX Gene and @entity6391 .

answer: @entity42970 :: (583,Gene) :: ['BBS2']


abstract: A high level of circulating @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) in @entity1 with @entity9236 could potentially complicate peripheral blood stem cell (PSC) collection. The mononuclear @entity1503 might comprise a significant fraction of the total mononuclear cells in the final product. We report a successful PSC collection in a @entity1 with more @entity1503 than WBC in the peripheral blood. A 27-year-old @entity1 with @entity1860 underwent eight PSC collection procedures, seven using the Cobe Spectra (Spectra) and one using the Fenwal CS3000 Plus (CS). PSC product manipulations to remove @entity1503 were unnecessary. As assessed by post-collection @entity1503 : WBC ratio as a percent of the initial ratio, Spectra selectively harvested mononuclear leukocytes over @entity1503 . The collected products had a mean @entity1503 : WBC ratio that was 3.4% of the peripheral blood ratio. Adequate numbers of mononuclear leukocytes were collected with less than 6% @entity1503 contamination. The single CS procedure resulted in a comparable @entity1503 reduction efficiency as the Spectra. We conclude that PSC harvest using automated blood cell separators from @entity1 with a high level of circulating @entity1503 may result in a product with an acceptable number of @entity1503 .

title: Peripheral blood stem cell collection in a @entity1 with XXXX and a high circulating nucleated red cell fraction.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['nucleated red blood cells', 'NRBC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity9236 :: ('MESH:C565054', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloproliferative syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: A high level of circulating @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) in @entity1 with @entity9236 could potentially complicate peripheral blood stem cell (PSC) collection. The mononuclear @entity1503 might comprise a significant fraction of the total mononuclear cells in the final product. We report a successful PSC collection in a @entity1 with more @entity1503 than WBC in the peripheral blood. A 27-year-old @entity1 with @entity1860 underwent eight PSC collection procedures, seven using the Cobe Spectra (Spectra) and one using the Fenwal CS3000 Plus (CS). PSC product manipulations to remove @entity1503 were unnecessary. As assessed by post-collection @entity1503 : WBC ratio as a percent of the initial ratio, Spectra selectively harvested mononuclear leukocytes over @entity1503 . The collected products had a mean @entity1503 : WBC ratio that was 3.4% of the peripheral blood ratio. Adequate numbers of mononuclear leukocytes were collected with less than 6% @entity1503 contamination. The single CS procedure resulted in a comparable @entity1503 reduction efficiency as the Spectra. We conclude that PSC harvest using automated blood cell separators from @entity1 with a high level of circulating @entity1503 may result in a product with an acceptable number of @entity1503 .

title: Peripheral blood stem cell collection in a XXXX with @entity1860 and a high circulating nucleated red cell fraction.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: We previously showed that @entity1560 was easily induced in suncus by starvation and that the plasma level of @entity8151 (apo B) was very low. There are three possible explanations for the low level of apo B in the animals: low synthetic rate, low secretion rate, and rapid catabolism in the circulation of apo B. We measured post-heparin lipolytic activity (lipoprotein lipase activity), which plays a key role in the catabolism of apo B-containing lipoprotein, VLDL, and found no difference between @entity35 and suncus. We also investigated the hepatic synthetic rate of apo B by liver perfusion studies. Newly synthesized apo B in the suncus liver was detected by immunoprecipitation and found to amount to 12.5% of that in @entity35 . The secretion rate of VLDL in suncus, which was estimated by intravenous injection of @entity12218 , was 13.8% of that in @entity35 . These two results suggest that there is no major defect in the secretory process. We separated Golgi apparatus from @entity35 and suncus livers, and found much fewer lipoprotein particles in suncus than in @entity35 Golgi apparatus. This evidence suggests that there is no defect in the lipolytic process or hepatic secretory process of apo B-containing lipoprotein, VLDL, but there may be a defect in the assembly process of VLDL and/or in the synthetic process of apo B in suncus. Such a defect may be one of the reasons for starvation-induced @entity1560 in suncus.

title: Defect in assembly process of very-low-density lipoprotein in suncus liver: an animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['fatty liver']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity86 is a frequent problem in @entity1 undergoing surgery. In particular, gastrectomy is associated with a high risk of @entity1744 . However, there are few reports of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) after gastrectomy in the English-language literature. We reviewed the literature to assess the effectiveness of various techniques for preventing adhesion in @entity1 treated with gastrectomy. We assumed that strategies used to prevent @entity86 associated with colorectal surgery, cholecystectomy, appendectomy and gynecologic procedures are similar to those used in gastrectomy. We therefore reviewed reports on the prevention of postoperative @entity1744 in any abdominal surgical procedure, focusing especially on gastrectomy. General intraoperative preventive techniques, such as the use of starch-free gloves, saline irrigation at a temperature below 37    C and laparoscopic techniques whenever possible, may reduce the incidence of @entity1744 in @entity1 with @entity356 who undergo gastrectomy. If preserving the omentum is unrelated to the survival rate of @entity1 with @entity356 , this technique should be recommended for preventing postoperative @entity1744 . The use of hyaluronic acid/ @entity5224 bioabsorbable membranes should also be considered in @entity1 undergoing gastrectomy. However, demonstrating the advantages of bioabsorbable membranes would require larger randomized studies with a longer follow-up period.

title: Prevention of XXXX in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5224 :: ('MESH:D002266', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative adhesion', 'Postoperative adhesion']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction', 'SBO', 'small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative small bowel obstruction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity86 is a frequent problem in @entity1 undergoing surgery. In particular, gastrectomy is associated with a high risk of @entity1744 . However, there are few reports of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) after gastrectomy in the English-language literature. We reviewed the literature to assess the effectiveness of various techniques for preventing adhesion in @entity1 treated with gastrectomy. We assumed that strategies used to prevent @entity86 associated with colorectal surgery, cholecystectomy, appendectomy and gynecologic procedures are similar to those used in gastrectomy. We therefore reviewed reports on the prevention of postoperative @entity1744 in any abdominal surgical procedure, focusing especially on gastrectomy. General intraoperative preventive techniques, such as the use of starch-free gloves, saline irrigation at a temperature below 37    C and laparoscopic techniques whenever possible, may reduce the incidence of @entity1744 in @entity1 with @entity356 who undergo gastrectomy. If preserving the omentum is unrelated to the survival rate of @entity1 with @entity356 , this technique should be recommended for preventing postoperative @entity1744 . The use of hyaluronic acid/ @entity5224 bioabsorbable membranes should also be considered in @entity1 undergoing gastrectomy. However, demonstrating the advantages of bioabsorbable membranes would require larger randomized studies with a longer follow-up period.

title: Prevention of @entity86 in XXXX .

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: RecBCD enzyme is essential for the major pathway of homologous recombination of linear DNA in @entity526 . It is a potent nuclease and helicase and, during its unwinding of double-stranded DNA, makes single-strand scissions in the vicinity of Chi recombination hot spots. We report here that both the strand that is cut and the position of the cuts relative to Chi depended on the @entity855 to @entity1025 ratio. With @entity855 in excess, Chi-dependent nicks occurred, as we have previously reported, four to six @entity2036 to the 3'-side of the Chi octamer (5'-GCTGGTGG-3') and were detected only on the strand bearing that sequence. Three differences were seen with @entity1025 in excess. 1) Chi-dependent 3'-ends were produced on the GCTGGTGG-containing strand closer to and within the Chi octamer. 2) Chi-dependent cuts occurred on the complementary DNA strand. 3) RecBCD enzyme destroyed the 3'-terminated strand of DNA from its entry point up to the vicinity of the Chi site, as others have previously reported. We show here that, with @entity1025 in excess, the enzyme continued to travel along DNA, after encountering a Chi site, releasing both strands of the DNA distal to Chi as single strands. We discuss potential biological consequences of these two modes of RecBCD enzyme-Chi interaction.

title: Strand specificity of nicking of DNA at Chi sites by RecBCD enzyme. Modulation by XXXX and magnesium levels.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of response to @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in early @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: In the SWEFOT trial, @entity1 with @entity309 with symptom duration <1 year started @entity1500 monotherapy (20 mg/weekly) and 405/487 continued until the 3-4- month visit. The primary outcome measure was the DAS28-based European League against @entity627 (EULAR) response criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to study the association between response and the following baseline characteristics: gender, age, symptom duration, cigarette smoking habits, autoantibody status, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score, concurrent @entity617 and treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Secondary response and remission measures were the American College of Rheumatology and the Simple Disease Activity Index and Clinical Disease Activity Index (SDAI/CDAI)-derived criteria. RESULTS: After 3-4 months of @entity1500 treatment, the frequency of EULAR good/moderate/no response was 34%/41%/25%, respectively. Parameters associated with a decreased likelihood of EULAR response were female gender (adjusted OR (adj OR) 0.50, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.81), symptom duration (adj OR per month increase 0.93, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.99), current smoking (adj OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.63) and higher @entity48584 (adj OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.80). Parameters associated with an increased likelihood of EULAR response were higher age (adj OR per 10-year increase 1.30, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.51) and @entity617 treatment (adj OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.43 to 5.63). The findings were similar when @entity1 on @entity617 were excluded and other response criteria tested, although current smoking was the only significant predictor using all response criteria, while HAQ was the only significant predictor of all the remission criteria used. A matrix showed up to ninefold differences between subgroups stratified by the main predictors. CONCLUSION: Current smoking, female sex, longer symptom duration and younger age predict a worse response to @entity1500 in @entity1 with new-onset @entity309 . TrialRegNo NCT00764725.

title: Predictors of response to XXXX in early DMARD naive @entity309 : results from the initial open-label phase of the SWEFOT trial.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of response to @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in early @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: In the SWEFOT trial, @entity1 with @entity309 with symptom duration <1 year started @entity1500 monotherapy (20 mg/weekly) and 405/487 continued until the 3-4- month visit. The primary outcome measure was the DAS28-based European League against @entity627 (EULAR) response criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to study the association between response and the following baseline characteristics: gender, age, symptom duration, cigarette smoking habits, autoantibody status, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score, concurrent @entity617 and treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Secondary response and remission measures were the American College of Rheumatology and the Simple Disease Activity Index and Clinical Disease Activity Index (SDAI/CDAI)-derived criteria. RESULTS: After 3-4 months of @entity1500 treatment, the frequency of EULAR good/moderate/no response was 34%/41%/25%, respectively. Parameters associated with a decreased likelihood of EULAR response were female gender (adjusted OR (adj OR) 0.50, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.81), symptom duration (adj OR per month increase 0.93, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.99), current smoking (adj OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.63) and higher @entity48584 (adj OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.80). Parameters associated with an increased likelihood of EULAR response were higher age (adj OR per 10-year increase 1.30, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.51) and @entity617 treatment (adj OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.43 to 5.63). The findings were similar when @entity1 on @entity617 were excluded and other response criteria tested, although current smoking was the only significant predictor using all response criteria, while HAQ was the only significant predictor of all the remission criteria used. A matrix showed up to ninefold differences between subgroups stratified by the main predictors. CONCLUSION: Current smoking, female sex, longer symptom duration and younger age predict a worse response to @entity1500 in @entity1 with new-onset @entity309 . TrialRegNo NCT00764725.

title: Predictors of response to @entity1499 in early DMARD naive XXXX : results from the initial open-label phase of the SWEFOT trial.

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in @entity989 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 20 @entity1 with recent onset (<6  weeks) unilateral @entity9362 were studied with the fellow eye acting as control. BCVA, psychophysical parameters, FFA, OCT, flash and pattern @entity9493 were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean P50 amplitude in the affected eye at presentation was 2.36      0.8  v compared to 3.24      0.85  v in the normal eye. At 12  weeks, the mean P50 amplitude in the affected eye was 3.16      0.88  v compared to 3.63      0.82  v in the normal eye. The reduction of 27  % in P50 amplitude even after recovery was statistically significant (P  <  0.001). A reduction of 19.77  % in the amplitude of N95 wave in the affected eye compared to the normal eye was seen, which was statistically significant (P  <  0.001). In the affected eye, there was statistically significant improvement in the psychophysical tests at 12  weeks. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that P50 component of the PERG is reduced in cases of @entity9362 , indicating functional disturbance of the macular photoreceptors. A normal flash @entity9493 indicates that pathology is electrophysiologically localised to macula without affecting general retina. Residual deficit in the PERG explains poor @entity227 in spite of normal anatomical apposition and quantitative 6/6 visual acuity.

title: Pattern XXXX in @entity989 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['quality of vision']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['central serous retinopathy']

answer: @entity9493 :: (2078,Gene) :: ['ERG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in @entity989 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 20 @entity1 with recent onset (<6  weeks) unilateral @entity9362 were studied with the fellow eye acting as control. BCVA, psychophysical parameters, FFA, OCT, flash and pattern @entity9493 were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean P50 amplitude in the affected eye at presentation was 2.36      0.8  v compared to 3.24      0.85  v in the normal eye. At 12  weeks, the mean P50 amplitude in the affected eye was 3.16      0.88  v compared to 3.63      0.82  v in the normal eye. The reduction of 27  % in P50 amplitude even after recovery was statistically significant (P  <  0.001). A reduction of 19.77  % in the amplitude of N95 wave in the affected eye compared to the normal eye was seen, which was statistically significant (P  <  0.001). In the affected eye, there was statistically significant improvement in the psychophysical tests at 12  weeks. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that P50 component of the PERG is reduced in cases of @entity9362 , indicating functional disturbance of the macular photoreceptors. A normal flash @entity9493 indicates that pathology is electrophysiologically localised to macula without affecting general retina. Residual deficit in the PERG explains poor @entity227 in spite of normal anatomical apposition and quantitative 6/6 visual acuity.

title: Pattern @entity9493 in XXXX .

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['central serous retinopathy']


abstract: This work reports the surface functionalization of polymeric @entity7050 nanoparticles by non-covalent insertion of a homo-bifunctional chemical crosslinker, @entity63880 (BS3) for targeted @entity5 therapy. We dissolved BS3 in aqueous solution of @entity939 during formulation of nanoparticles by a modified solid/oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation method. The non-covalent insertion of BS3 was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. @entity6108 and @entity10784 were used as a model drug and a cell specific target, respectively. Nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, zeta potential and surface morphology. The qualitative assessment of antibody attachment was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as confocal microscopy. The optimized formulation showed antibody attachment of 86%. However, antibody attachment was abolished upon blocking the functional groups of BS3. The availability of functional antibodies was evaluated by the presence of a light chain fraction after gel electrophoresis. We further evaluated the in vitro release kinetics of @entity6108 from antibody coated and uncoated nanoparticles. The release of @entity6108 is enhanced upon antibody attachment and followed an anomalous release pattern. We also observed that the cellular uptake of nanoparticles was significantly higher in @entity10784 positive cells than in negative cells. Therefore, these results demonstrate the potential use of this method for functionalization as well as to deliver chemotherapeutic agents for treating @entity5 .

title: Surface functionalization of XXXX nanoparticles by non-covalent insertion of a homo-bifunctional spacer for active targeting in @entity5 therapy.

entities_list: @entity63880 :: ('MESH:C035760', 'Chemical') :: ['bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['Curcumin', 'curcumin']

answer: @entity7050 :: (MESH:C043435,Chemical) :: ['PLGA']


abstract: This work reports the surface functionalization of polymeric @entity7050 nanoparticles by non-covalent insertion of a homo-bifunctional chemical crosslinker, @entity63880 (BS3) for targeted @entity5 therapy. We dissolved BS3 in aqueous solution of @entity939 during formulation of nanoparticles by a modified solid/oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation method. The non-covalent insertion of BS3 was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. @entity6108 and @entity10784 were used as a model drug and a cell specific target, respectively. Nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, zeta potential and surface morphology. The qualitative assessment of antibody attachment was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as confocal microscopy. The optimized formulation showed antibody attachment of 86%. However, antibody attachment was abolished upon blocking the functional groups of BS3. The availability of functional antibodies was evaluated by the presence of a light chain fraction after gel electrophoresis. We further evaluated the in vitro release kinetics of @entity6108 from antibody coated and uncoated nanoparticles. The release of @entity6108 is enhanced upon antibody attachment and followed an anomalous release pattern. We also observed that the cellular uptake of nanoparticles was significantly higher in @entity10784 positive cells than in negative cells. Therefore, these results demonstrate the potential use of this method for functionalization as well as to deliver chemotherapeutic agents for treating @entity5 .

title: Surface functionalization of @entity7050 nanoparticles by non-covalent insertion of a homo-bifunctional spacer for active targeting in XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Efficient transferrin receptor recycling is reconstituted when donor cytosol and @entity855 are added to the streptolysin O permeabilized cells. The rate of reconstituted recycling is dependent on the concentration of donor cytosol. The cytosol provides a factor(s) required for the transport of transferrin from the pericentriolar recycling compartment to the plasma membrane. @entity8816 treatment of permeabilized cells inhibits both the fusion of recycling vesicles with the plasma membrane as well as the formation of functional recycling vesicles from the pericentriolar recycling compartment. @entity2164 ( @entity3007 gamma S) does not affect reconstituted recycling in the presence of an optimal cytosol concentration. Therefore, the rate-limiting step in recycling is not regulated by @entity3007 -hydrolyzing proteins, and hydrolysis of @entity3007 is not required for endocytic recycling. @entity3007 gamma S stimulates recycling when suboptimal concentrations of cytosol are used. This stimulatory effect is not mediated by a @entity10613 -sensitive @entity857 -ribosylation factor protein. Addition of wild-type donor cytosol to permeabilized END2 @entity3569 ovary cells, which recycle transferrin at half the rate of wild-type cells, reconstitutes recycling to the reduced rate of intact END2 cells but not to the wild-type recycling rate. These results indicate that the defect responsible for the slowed transferrin recycling in END2 mutants is membrane associated or that the defective protein is too large to diffuse out of the cells through the streptolysin O pores.

title: Studies of transferrin recycling reconstituted in streptolysin O permeabilized XXXX ovary cells.

entities_list: @entity2164 :: ('MESH:D016244', 'Chemical') :: ["Guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity10613 :: ('MESH:D020126', 'Chemical') :: ['brefeldin A']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: The number of @entity1 with @entity6 (GDM: @entity6 first diagnosed in pregnancy) continues to grow, as do the associated risks of antenatal and postnatal complications and the chance of future @entity6 and @entity28 in both mother and offspring. Recent randomised controlled trials have demonstrated clear benefits for intensive management of GDM using lifestyle modification, self blood @entity413 monitoring, close clinical supervision and, where glycaemia remains inadequately controlled, insulin therapy. More recently, @entity2449 and @entity5217 have been shown to adequately reduce hyperglycaemia as part of a stepped approach to GDM management, with a switch to insulin therapy where necessary. Other oral medications have not been shown to be safe in pregnancy. @entity1 insulin therapy is safe within the limits of hypoglycaemia and @entity1017 . Most insulin analogues are also now considered safe for use in pregnancy (insulin lispro, aspart and detemir). @entity2449 therapy is oral, and therefore preferred to insulin, but is associated with more gastrointestinal adverse effects, although not hypoglycaemia or @entity1017 . Conversely, @entity5217 is also an oral therapy but is associated with hypoglycaemia and @entity1017 . However, @entity2449 crosses the placenta and it remains unclear whether @entity5217 crosses the placenta or not: long-term risks have not been shown, and are thought to be minimal, but further studies are needed. @entity2449 is seen by some as the treatment of choice where @entity1017 is an issue, providing that the unanswered questions over the long-term safety of oral agents have been discussed.

title: Safety considerations with pharmacological treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe factors related to diagnosis, identity disclosure, and social support among @entity28679 ( @entity28679 ) @entity1 with @entity5 , and to explore associations between these factors and self-rated health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional self-report survey design using descriptive and exploratory multivariate statistical approaches. SETTING: Online, Internet-based. SAMPLE: 291 @entity28679 @entity1 (89% Caucasian; 50% gay, 36% lesbian, 7% bisexual, 3% transgender) with mixed @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 completed a researcher-designed online survey assessing experiences of @entity5 diagnosis among @entity28679 @entity1 at a single time point. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Demographics, which provider(s) delivered the @entity1 ' @entity5 diagnoses, to whom @entity1 had disclosed their @entity28679 identity, how they disclosed, who was on their social support team at the time of diagnosis, and current self-rated health. FINDINGS: 79% of @entity1 reported disclosing their identities to more than one @entity5 care provider. @entity1 most commonly introduced the topic of @entity28679 identity themselves, sometimes as a way to correct heterosexual assumptions (34%). Friends were the most common members of @entity28679 @entity1 ' support teams (79%). Four disclosure and support factors were consistently associated with better self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS: Disclosure of @entity28679 identity is a common experience in the context of @entity5 care, and disclosure and support factors are associated with better self-reported health among @entity28679 @entity1 . IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Creating safe environments for @entity28679 @entity1 to disclose could improve @entity5 care delivery to this underserved population. Nurses and other providers should acknowledge and include diverse support team members in @entity28679 @entity1 ' care.

title: Social support, self-rated health, and XXXX identity disclosure to @entity5 care providers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity28679 :: ('MESH:C537676', 'Disease') :: ['LGBT', 'lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender']

answer: @entity28679 :: (MESH:C537676,Disease) :: ['lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe factors related to diagnosis, identity disclosure, and social support among @entity28679 ( @entity28679 ) @entity1 with @entity5 , and to explore associations between these factors and self-rated health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional self-report survey design using descriptive and exploratory multivariate statistical approaches. SETTING: Online, Internet-based. SAMPLE: 291 @entity28679 @entity1 (89% Caucasian; 50% gay, 36% lesbian, 7% bisexual, 3% transgender) with mixed @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 completed a researcher-designed online survey assessing experiences of @entity5 diagnosis among @entity28679 @entity1 at a single time point. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Demographics, which provider(s) delivered the @entity1 ' @entity5 diagnoses, to whom @entity1 had disclosed their @entity28679 identity, how they disclosed, who was on their social support team at the time of diagnosis, and current self-rated health. FINDINGS: 79% of @entity1 reported disclosing their identities to more than one @entity5 care provider. @entity1 most commonly introduced the topic of @entity28679 identity themselves, sometimes as a way to correct heterosexual assumptions (34%). Friends were the most common members of @entity28679 @entity1 ' support teams (79%). Four disclosure and support factors were consistently associated with better self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS: Disclosure of @entity28679 identity is a common experience in the context of @entity5 care, and disclosure and support factors are associated with better self-reported health among @entity28679 @entity1 . IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Creating safe environments for @entity28679 @entity1 to disclose could improve @entity5 care delivery to this underserved population. Nurses and other providers should acknowledge and include diverse support team members in @entity28679 @entity1 ' care.

title: Social support, self-rated health, and @entity28679 identity disclosure to XXXX care providers.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To evaluate feasibility, safety and oncological efficacy of salvage laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for pathology-proven biochemical recurrence after primary radiation therapy or cryotherapy for @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS:     This retrospective pilot study examined 15 @entity1 from 2004 to 2010 with biochemical recurrence after external beam radiation therapy (N= 8), brachytherapy (N= 6) or cryotherapy (N= 1).     @entity1 were treated with salvage laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (11 conventional, four robotic-assisted) with bilateral pelvic dissection. RESULTS:     Median duration of surgery was 235 min. None of the following occurred: conversion to open surgery, transfusion, urethrovesical @entity850 or perioperative or postoperative mortality. One @entity1 presented with a @entity130 , repaired using uninterrupted sutures and a colostomy. One @entity1 had @entity834 treated with prolonged Foley catheterization.     Pathological stage was pT2a in three, pT2b in three, pT3a in four, pT3b in three and pT4 in two @entity1 ; two @entity1 had nodal @entity3 . Within an 8-month median follow-up, 11 @entity1 were disease-free and three had persistent postoperative @entity1069 ( @entity1069 ) elevation; the remaining @entity1 experienced @entity1069 recurrence after 21 months.     Seven @entity1 achieved continence (no pads) by 8.4 months (median), one @entity1 manifested severe @entity322 corrected by implanting an artificial sphincter, and seven @entity1 with a 12.6-month mean follow-up continued to need one or two pads per day.     @entity323 was present in five @entity1 before surgery and in 14 @entity1 after surgery. CONCLUSION:     Salvage laparoscopic radical prostatectomy seems to offer a safe therapeutic alternative for @entity1 failing primary radiation or cryotherapy. However, larger studies with longer-term data are required.

title: Pilot study of salvage laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostate-specific antigen', 'PSA']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['rectal injury']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Chyluria is a chronic debilitating condition characterized by formation of pyelo-lymphatic connections. Renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive treatment modality in treatment of chyluria. Various sclerosant with different regimen have been described in literature but there is no single consensus on this regard. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of single dose 0.2% @entity4279 renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy for the treatment of chyluria. Methods: In a prospective study from August 2010 till July 2013, forty one @entity1 presenting with milky urine were included. Apart from ether test, presence of lymphocytes in urine and urine @entity1674 levels were also done to confirm chyluria. On a day care basis under local anesthesia 5F open ended ureteric catheter was introduced in the ureteric orifice of affected side. Freshly prepared 7-10ml of 0.2% @entity4279 solution was instilled with the @entity1 in Trendelenburg position. Results: Total of 41 @entity1 were enrolled ( 27 males and 14 females; mean age 40 years, SD 8.9, range 19-61) with a mean follow up of 20 months. Immediate clearance was seen in all @entity1 and recurrence in 7 (17%). Mean disease free duration was 18 months. Two @entity1 had moderate to severe @entity812 . Conclusion: Single dose 0.2% @entity4279 sclerotherapy is safe and effective treatment for chyluria. As it offers treatment on a day care basis, continuous ureteral and urethral catheterizations can be avoided.

title: Is Single Dose XXXX Sclerotherapy Effective in Chyluria?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone iodine']

answer: @entity4279 :: (MESH:D011206,Chemical) :: ['Povidone Iodine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Anesthetic agents are often combined to enhance their therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different sedation regimens of @entity3652 and @entity1875 combination via infusion on perioperative variables in @entity1 who underwent plastic and reconstructive surgery. METHODS: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was done on 80 @entity1 who were randomized to two groups; group 1 (n  =  40) received a 2:1 mixture of 9  mg/ml @entity1875 and 4.5  mg/ml @entity3652 , and group 2 (n  =  40) received a 4:1 mixture of 9  mg/ml @entity1875 and 2.25  mg/ml @entity3652 . After premedication and before local anesthetic injection, the infusion of mixtures was adjusted to attain the Ramsay sedation scores of 5 in both groups. We recorded induction time, sedation efficacy, cardiovascular and respiratory events, recovery time, and incidence of adverse events during and after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean of volume infusion of mixtures in the beginning of the procedure was higher in group 2 (3.2      1. 2  ml) than in group 1 (2.4      0.8  ml) (p  <  0.001). The induction time for sedation was 2.8      0.8  min and 2.6      0.4  min in group 1 and group 2, respectively (p  =  0. 92). The number of oversedated @entity1 was greater in group 2 compared to group 1 but not statistically significant (p  =  0. 80). The sedation efficacy was similar between the two groups. The hemodynamic changes during the procedure were greater in group 2 compared to group 1 (p  =  0. 001). The recovery time was not significantly different between the two groups (p  =  0.43). The mean @entity158 score in the recovery room was lower in group 1 than group 2 (1.2      0.8 vs 2.8      1.8, p  =  0. 01). Moreover, 4 (10  %) @entity1 in group 1 and 10 (25  %) @entity1 in group 2 needed opioid administration (p  =  0. 02). Other postoperative adverse events were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: We recommend the use of a 2:1 combination of @entity1875 - @entity3652 , because it reduced the rescue @entity1875 requirement and consequently produced lower @entity65 effects and also less @entity282 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

title: The Comparison of Infusion of Two Different Sedation Regimens with @entity1875 and XXXX Combination During Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and respiratory depression']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['Ketamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Anesthetic agents are often combined to enhance their therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different sedation regimens of @entity3652 and @entity1875 combination via infusion on perioperative variables in @entity1 who underwent plastic and reconstructive surgery. METHODS: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was done on 80 @entity1 who were randomized to two groups; group 1 (n  =  40) received a 2:1 mixture of 9  mg/ml @entity1875 and 4.5  mg/ml @entity3652 , and group 2 (n  =  40) received a 4:1 mixture of 9  mg/ml @entity1875 and 2.25  mg/ml @entity3652 . After premedication and before local anesthetic injection, the infusion of mixtures was adjusted to attain the Ramsay sedation scores of 5 in both groups. We recorded induction time, sedation efficacy, cardiovascular and respiratory events, recovery time, and incidence of adverse events during and after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean of volume infusion of mixtures in the beginning of the procedure was higher in group 2 (3.2      1. 2  ml) than in group 1 (2.4      0.8  ml) (p  <  0.001). The induction time for sedation was 2.8      0.8  min and 2.6      0.4  min in group 1 and group 2, respectively (p  =  0. 92). The number of oversedated @entity1 was greater in group 2 compared to group 1 but not statistically significant (p  =  0. 80). The sedation efficacy was similar between the two groups. The hemodynamic changes during the procedure were greater in group 2 compared to group 1 (p  =  0. 001). The recovery time was not significantly different between the two groups (p  =  0.43). The mean @entity158 score in the recovery room was lower in group 1 than group 2 (1.2      0.8 vs 2.8      1.8, p  =  0. 01). Moreover, 4 (10  %) @entity1 in group 1 and 10 (25  %) @entity1 in group 2 needed opioid administration (p  =  0. 02). Other postoperative adverse events were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: We recommend the use of a 2:1 combination of @entity1875 - @entity3652 , because it reduced the rescue @entity1875 requirement and consequently produced lower @entity65 effects and also less @entity282 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

title: The Comparison of Infusion of Two Different Sedation Regimens with XXXX and @entity3652 Combination During Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['Propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5971 is the most frequent type of strabismus. Botulinum toxin is a treatment option with variable results. We undertook this study to determine the frequency and associated factors with consecutive permanent @entity5971 in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5971 treated with botulinum toxin. METHODS: A retrospective review was achieved in @entity1 with @entity5971 treated with botulinum toxin and who remained in @entity5971 after a minimal follow-up of 6 months. Pre- and postnatal background, cycloplejia, magnitude of the pre-application deviation, injected dose and number of applications were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 84 @entity1 were included. Of all @entity1 ,12 (14.28%) remained in consecutive @entity5971 (six males and six females). Age range was from 5 months to 2 years (average: 10.75 months). Initial @entity5971 ranged from 20-50 prism diopters (PD) with an average of 37.9    9.64 PD. One @entity1 had variability in the magnitude of the deviation prior to treatment. During the maximum follow-up, the magnitude of the @entity5971 was from 10 to 40 (average, SD 18    8.01 PD). In five subjects a variability was observed in the magnitude of the angle of deviation by a range of 10-40 PD, and in seven subjects the deviation was stable with an average of 20 PD. Eleven subjects had some degree of psychomotor delay (91.66%) and one subject had a non-significant history. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with consecutive permanent @entity5971 after application of botulinum toxin, the most prevalent characteristic is neurological.

title: [Permanent consecutive exotropia in XXXX treated with botulinum toxin].

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital esotropia', 'congenital esotropia', 'esotropia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Characterization of myocardial structural changes in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been hindered by limited availability of @entity1 cardiac tissue. @entity1283 , @entity453 ( @entity453 ), coronary microvascular rarefaction and @entity296 may contribute to HFpEF pathophysiology. METHODS AND RESULTS: -We identified HFpEF @entity1 (n=124) and age-appropriate control @entity1 ( @entity204 , no @entity712 diagnosis; n=104) who underwent autopsy. Heart weight and @entity453 severity were obtained from the autopsy reports. Using whole field digital microscopy and automated analysis algorithms in full thickness left ventricular (LV) sections, microvascular density (MVD), @entity296 and their relationship were quantified. Subjects with HFpEF had heavier hearts (median 538 g; 169% of age/sex/body size expected heart weight vs. 335 g; 112% in controls), more severe @entity453 (65% with >=  one vessel with >50% diameter stenosis in HFpEF vs 13% in controls), more LV @entity82 (median % area @entity82 , 9.6 vs. 7.1) and lower MVD (median 961 vs. 1316 vessels per mm(2)) than control (p <0.0001 for all). @entity296 increased with decreasing MVD in controls (r = - 0.28, p=0.004) and HFpEF (r = - 0.26, p=0.004). Adjusting for MVD attenuated the group differences in @entity82 . Heart weight, @entity82 and MVD were similar in HFpEF @entity1 with vs without @entity453 . CONCLUSIONS: -In this study, @entity1 with HFpEF had more @entity1283 , @entity453 , coronary microvascular rarefaction and @entity296 than controls. Each of these findings may contribute to the @entity1002 and @entity299 characteristic of HFpEF.

title: Coronary Microvascular Rarefaction and XXXX in @entity712 with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis', 'Myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac reserve function impairment']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease', 'epicardial CAD']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['non-cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Characterization of myocardial structural changes in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been hindered by limited availability of @entity1 cardiac tissue. @entity1283 , @entity453 ( @entity453 ), coronary microvascular rarefaction and @entity296 may contribute to HFpEF pathophysiology. METHODS AND RESULTS: -We identified HFpEF @entity1 (n=124) and age-appropriate control @entity1 ( @entity204 , no @entity712 diagnosis; n=104) who underwent autopsy. Heart weight and @entity453 severity were obtained from the autopsy reports. Using whole field digital microscopy and automated analysis algorithms in full thickness left ventricular (LV) sections, microvascular density (MVD), @entity296 and their relationship were quantified. Subjects with HFpEF had heavier hearts (median 538 g; 169% of age/sex/body size expected heart weight vs. 335 g; 112% in controls), more severe @entity453 (65% with >=  one vessel with >50% diameter stenosis in HFpEF vs 13% in controls), more LV @entity82 (median % area @entity82 , 9.6 vs. 7.1) and lower MVD (median 961 vs. 1316 vessels per mm(2)) than control (p <0.0001 for all). @entity296 increased with decreasing MVD in controls (r = - 0.28, p=0.004) and HFpEF (r = - 0.26, p=0.004). Adjusting for MVD attenuated the group differences in @entity82 . Heart weight, @entity82 and MVD were similar in HFpEF @entity1 with vs without @entity453 . CONCLUSIONS: -In this study, @entity1 with HFpEF had more @entity1283 , @entity453 , coronary microvascular rarefaction and @entity296 than controls. Each of these findings may contribute to the @entity1002 and @entity299 characteristic of HFpEF.

title: Coronary Microvascular Rarefaction and @entity296 in XXXX with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of @entity14 associated with @entity164 2 @entity6 , as compared with a nondiabetic reference population, and to study additional associations between treatment stage and duration of @entity28 and @entity14 risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted an observational population-based cohort study within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1987-2012). All @entity1 (>= 18 years) with at least one prescription for an antidiabetic drug (n = 300,039) were matched (1:1) by birth year, sex, and practice to a comparison cohort without @entity6 . Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for @entity14 associated with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Within the @entity6 cohort, associations of @entity14 with treatment stages and duration of @entity28 (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) were studied. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 4.5 years, 2,759 cases of @entity14 were observed among the @entity6 study population. @entity164 2 @entity6 was associated with a 1.3-fold increased risk of @entity14 (HR 1.26 [95% CI 1.18-1.33]). Among @entity6 @entity1 , no association was found with treatment stages. A trend of increased @entity14 risk was observed with longer duration of @entity28 . Risk of @entity14 was significantly increased for @entity1 with recorded duration of @entity28 of 4-8 years (HR 1.19 [1.06-1.34]) and >8 years (1.28 [1.11-1.49]). CONCLUSIONS: @entity164 2 @entity6 is associated with a moderately increased risk of @entity14 . Among @entity6 @entity1 , an increased risk was observed for @entity1 who suffered from @entity28 for a total duration of 4 years or more.

title: The Risk of XXXX in @entity1 With Type 2 Diabetes: Associations With Treatment Stage and Obesity.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of @entity14 associated with @entity164 2 @entity6 , as compared with a nondiabetic reference population, and to study additional associations between treatment stage and duration of @entity28 and @entity14 risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted an observational population-based cohort study within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1987-2012). All @entity1 (>= 18 years) with at least one prescription for an antidiabetic drug (n = 300,039) were matched (1:1) by birth year, sex, and practice to a comparison cohort without @entity6 . Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for @entity14 associated with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Within the @entity6 cohort, associations of @entity14 with treatment stages and duration of @entity28 (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) were studied. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 4.5 years, 2,759 cases of @entity14 were observed among the @entity6 study population. @entity164 2 @entity6 was associated with a 1.3-fold increased risk of @entity14 (HR 1.26 [95% CI 1.18-1.33]). Among @entity6 @entity1 , no association was found with treatment stages. A trend of increased @entity14 risk was observed with longer duration of @entity28 . Risk of @entity14 was significantly increased for @entity1 with recorded duration of @entity28 of 4-8 years (HR 1.19 [1.06-1.34]) and >8 years (1.28 [1.11-1.49]). CONCLUSIONS: @entity164 2 @entity6 is associated with a moderately increased risk of @entity14 . Among @entity6 @entity1 , an increased risk was observed for @entity1 who suffered from @entity28 for a total duration of 4 years or more.

title: The Risk of @entity14 in XXXX With Type 2 Diabetes: Associations With Treatment Stage and Obesity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Six cases of @entity1901 were analyzed. Two cases were male and 4 cases were female. The right side was affected in 1 case and the left in 5 cases. The affected portion was the uretero-pelvic junction in 1 case and lower iliac vessels in the other cases. Five cases were @entity130 in surgical or gynecological pelvic operation, and the other was due to blunt @entity130 . Intraoperative diagnosis was made in 4 cases. Drain leakage led to diagnosis in one case and @entity2885 in another. Ureteroureterostomy was performed in 2 cases, pyeloureterostomy in 1 case, ureteroneocystostomy with psoas hitch in 1 case, Boari bladder flap in 1 case and simple suture in 1 case. 4-0 or 5-0 Dexon with an atraumatic needle was used for all anastomoses. Except for case 1, who died of the recurrence of @entity6962 , renal functions were preserved in all @entity1 during the follow-up period ranging from 5 months to 7 years 8 months.

title: [Clinical analysis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity1901 :: (MESH:D014515,Disease) :: ['ureteral injuries']


abstract: Many review articles address the diverse and rapidly developing @entity1277 , but there are far fewer articles addressing the specific population of adolescents. The social contributors (desire for thinness amplified by the media) to these illnesses are considerable and affect all adolescent and latency-age @entity1 to some degree. Understanding the full range of behavior and those at high risk to develop pathology is important. Developing prevention programs that target adolescent @entity1 and their families, schools, and the relevant media is also important. Prevention has been a much-neglected area within the @entity1277 . The chronic nature of @entity1277 characterized by remission and relapse bears further study. Attention to the factors that provoke a symptomatic period is crucial. Along with relapse and remission are shifts between diagnostic categories within the @entity1277 and comorbid illnesses. A better understanding of the factors that cause these shifts to occur would be quite valuable. Outcome and prospective studies would provide valuable information about the course of the illnesses and further identify the individuals at high risk. Certain groups are known to be at high risk, such as @entity1 involved in specific athletics (e.g., gymnastics) or career activities, but recent investigations have indicated that @entity1 involved in what was previously believed to be a low risk activity, such as swimming, may also be at risk (Benson et al., 1990). Further investigation of these factors is crucial. Cultural factors play a role in these illnesses, and cross-cultural studies provide crucial information. We must also continue to explore the biological and psychological correlates of these illnesses and further define the complex and heterogeneous etiology of these illnesses. Their study still promises to yield exciting challenges. Increased public awareness regarding the need for treatment of these illnesses is a high priority. If untreated, chronicity appears inevitable. Examination and study of the most cost effective methods of treatment are very important.

title: A review of XXXX in adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders', 'field of eating disorders']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: Hemodynamic studies have indicated that the mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of @entity460 -channel antagonists is reduction of systemic vascular resistance. However, potential negative inotropic effects could have an adverse effect on myocardial performance. In this study, we evaluated the hemodynamic response to the prototypic @entity460 -channel antagonist, @entity1855 , in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity101 . We gave incremental infusions of @entity1855 in subsystemic doses into the brachial artery of an isolated forearm preparation. The response to 10 micrograms/min/100 ml revealed a reduction in forearm vascular resistance from 55 to 21 units and an increase in forearm blood flow from 3.57 to 7.54 ml/min/100 ml (both p less than .01). Intravenous administration of @entity1855 as a bolus (0.15 mg/kg) and continuous infusion (1 or 2 mg/min) resulted in a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance as well as a significant increase in cardiac index and @entity64 volume index. This occurred without a significant increase in pulmonary wedge pressure. One week of oral therapy resulted in a significant reduction of mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance both at rest and at peak exercise, associated with a significant increase in @entity64 volume index and no increase in pulmonary wedge pressure. These findings document the direct vasodilator effects of the prototypic @entity460 -channel antagonist @entity1855 in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity101 . In addition, these data show that myocardial performance can improve during therapy, when myocardial reserve is sufficient, and the adverse effects of systemic vasoconstriction are reversed by therapy.

title: The hemodynamics of @entity460 -channel antagonists in XXXX : vascular and myocardial responses.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Hemodynamic studies have indicated that the mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of @entity460 -channel antagonists is reduction of systemic vascular resistance. However, potential negative inotropic effects could have an adverse effect on myocardial performance. In this study, we evaluated the hemodynamic response to the prototypic @entity460 -channel antagonist, @entity1855 , in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity101 . We gave incremental infusions of @entity1855 in subsystemic doses into the brachial artery of an isolated forearm preparation. The response to 10 micrograms/min/100 ml revealed a reduction in forearm vascular resistance from 55 to 21 units and an increase in forearm blood flow from 3.57 to 7.54 ml/min/100 ml (both p less than .01). Intravenous administration of @entity1855 as a bolus (0.15 mg/kg) and continuous infusion (1 or 2 mg/min) resulted in a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance as well as a significant increase in cardiac index and @entity64 volume index. This occurred without a significant increase in pulmonary wedge pressure. One week of oral therapy resulted in a significant reduction of mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance both at rest and at peak exercise, associated with a significant increase in @entity64 volume index and no increase in pulmonary wedge pressure. These findings document the direct vasodilator effects of the prototypic @entity460 -channel antagonist @entity1855 in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity101 . In addition, these data show that myocardial performance can improve during therapy, when myocardial reserve is sufficient, and the adverse effects of systemic vasoconstriction are reversed by therapy.

title: The hemodynamics of XXXX -channel antagonists in @entity101 : vascular and myocardial responses.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 airway epithelial cells express b-adrenergic receptors (b-ARs), which regulate mucociliary clearance by stimulating transepithelial anion transport and ciliary beat frequency. Previous studies using airway epithelial cells showed that stimulation with @entity3044 increased cell migration and wound repair by a @entity268 -dependent mechanism. In the present study, impedance-sensing arrays were used to measure cell migration and epithelial restitution following wounding of confluent normal @entity1 bronchial epithelial (NHBE) and @entity1 cells by electroporation. Stimulation with @entity1425 or the @entity2162 -selective agonist @entity3045 significantly delayed wound closure and reduced the mean surface area of lamellipodia protruding into the wound. Treatment with the @entity2162 bias agonist @entity1405 or @entity35341 also produced a delay in epithelial restitution similar in magnitude to @entity1425 and @entity3045 . Measurements of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation following @entity3045 or @entity1405 stimulation showed no significant change in the level of phosphorylation compared with untreated control cells. However, inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A activity completely blocked the delay in wound closure produced by @entity2162 agonists. In @entity1 cells, where @entity5174 expression was inhibited by RNAi, @entity3045 did not inhibit wound repair, suggesting that @entity2162 agonist stimulation and loss of @entity5174 function share a common pathway leading to inhibition of epithelial repair. Confocal images of the basal membrane of @entity1 cells labeled with anti-b1-integrin (clone HUTS-4) antibody showed that treatment with @entity1425 or @entity1405 reduced the level of activated integrin in the membrane. These findings suggest that treatment with @entity2162 agonists delays airway epithelial repair by a G protein- and @entity268 -independent mechanism involving protein phosphatase 2A and a reduction in b1-integrin activation in the basal membrane.

title: Agonist binding to b-adrenergic receptors on XXXX airway epithelial cells inhibits migration and wound repair.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity35341 :: ('MESH:D007528', 'Chemical') :: ['isoetharine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2013, 20% of US households with @entity1 experienced food insecurity. @entity565 afflicts over 7 million @entity1 ; prevalence has steadily increased while incidence peaks in young @entity1 . @entity565 and food insecurity share the determinants of poverty and race that are associated with weight, yet limited research on the relation between food insecurity and @entity565 exists. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the association between food insecurity and @entity565 in a diverse sample of @entity1 . METHODS: Cross-sectional data from grade 3 of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort were analyzed (n = 11,099). Food security based on the USDA module and @entity565 diagnosis were reported by parents; anthropometric factors were measured. Multivariate logistic regression models of food security and @entity565 were analyzed overall and by race/ethnicity. RESULTS: @entity1 in food-insecure households had a 4% higher adjusted odds of @entity565 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.06). Adjusted odds of @entity565 were also higher by 70% for males (95% CI: 1.69, 1.71), 53% for @entity7864 ( @entity7864 ) @entity1 (95% CI: 1.51, 1.54), 20% for Hispanic @entity1 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.21), 38% for overweight @entity1 (95% CI: 1.36, 1.39), 67% for @entity28 @entity1 (95% CI: 1.65, 1.68), 23% for low-birth weight @entity1 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.24), 24% if mothers had a high school diploma (95% CI: 1.23, 1.26), and 33% if mothers had some college education (95% CI: 1.32, 1.35). High-birth weight @entity1 (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.85) and those with foreign-born mothers (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.53) had lower odds of @entity565 . Being food-insecure remained positively associated with @entity565 in non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics but was inversely associated with odds among NHBs. Odds of @entity565 doubled (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.97, 2.03) for all @entity1 in households that were both food-insecure and poor; this relation remained positive in race/ethnicity-specific models. CONCLUSIONS: Food insecurity is positively associated with @entity565 in US third graders, and household poverty strengthens the association.

title: Household Food Insecurity Is Associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic black', 'NHB']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Childhood Asthma']


abstract: The superficial peroneal nerve was taken from 12 arteriosclerotic non- @entity6 @entity1 just after amputation of a leg. Preparations of teased fibers were performed in 8 cases. Specimens were studied by light and electron microscopy in all cases. Histograms of myelinated fibers in transverse semi-thin sections showed that depletion of myelinated fibers varied from case to case, with no selective vulnerability in either the large or the small diameter group. There was a dramatic loss of myelinated fibers in only one case. No real nerve @entity1188 was observed. In most cases, regions of @entity6441 were prevalent; however, myelino-axonal changes were severe only in a few cases. Axons with organelle aggregates were seen in some cases. Figures @entity17 were not numerous in this series. Unmyelinated fibers were also damaged, and the degree of involvement differed from case to case. Pathological changes observed in this study confirm the relative resistance of peripheral nerve to @entity63 .

title: Quantitative, histological and ultrastructural studies of peripheral nerve in arteriosclerotic non- XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['of segmental demyelination']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian-like degeneration']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The superficial peroneal nerve was taken from 12 arteriosclerotic non- @entity6 @entity1 just after amputation of a leg. Preparations of teased fibers were performed in 8 cases. Specimens were studied by light and electron microscopy in all cases. Histograms of myelinated fibers in transverse semi-thin sections showed that depletion of myelinated fibers varied from case to case, with no selective vulnerability in either the large or the small diameter group. There was a dramatic loss of myelinated fibers in only one case. No real nerve @entity1188 was observed. In most cases, regions of @entity6441 were prevalent; however, myelino-axonal changes were severe only in a few cases. Axons with organelle aggregates were seen in some cases. Figures @entity17 were not numerous in this series. Unmyelinated fibers were also damaged, and the degree of involvement differed from case to case. Pathological changes observed in this study confirm the relative resistance of peripheral nerve to @entity63 .

title: Quantitative, histological and ultrastructural studies of peripheral nerve in arteriosclerotic non- @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature cells that expand during benign and @entity5 -associated @entity32 and are characterized by their ability to inhibit T cell immunity. Increased metabolism of @entity8561 ( @entity534 ), through the enzymes arginase 1 and @entity13633 ( @entity13633 ), is well documented as a major MDSC suppressive mechanism. Therefore, we hypothesized that restricting MDSC uptake of @entity534 is a critical control point to modulate their suppressor activity. Using @entity19 models of prostate-specific @entity32 and @entity5 , we have identified the mechanisms by which extracellular @entity534 is transported into MDSCs. We have shown that MDSCs recruited to localized @entity32 and @entity5 sites upregulate cationic @entity3689 transporter 2 (Cat2), coordinately with @entity23233 and @entity13633 . Cat2 expression is not induced in MDSCs in peripheral organs. CAT2 contributes to the transport of @entity534 in MDSCs and is an important regulator of MDSC suppressive function. MDSCs that lack CAT2 have significantly reduced suppressive ability ex vivo and display impaired capacity for regulating T cell responses in vivo as evidenced by increased T cell expansion and decreased @entity5 growth in Cat2(-/-) @entity19 . The abrogation of suppressive function is due to low intracellular @entity534 levels, which leads to the impaired ability of @entity13633 to catalyze @entity534 -dependent metabolic processes. Together, these findings demonstrate that CAT2 modulates MDSC function. In the absence of CAT2, MDSCs display diminished capacity for controlling T cell immunity in @entity1069 and @entity5 models, where the loss of CAT2 results in enhanced antitumor activity.

title: Expression of Cationic XXXX Transporter 2 Is Required for Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell-Mediated Control of T Cell Immunity.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostate inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity3689 :: (D000596,Chemical) :: ['Amino Acid']


abstract: Although paramedics and @entity341 ( @entity341 ) personnel are routinely required to assess the mental states of @entity1 they are attempting to treat, no structured and easily administered tool has been validated for their use. The objective of this study was to determine whether a quantitative Brief Mental Status Examination (BMSE) can serve as such a tool. The six-item BMSE was administered to 100 @entity341 @entity1 for whom an assessment of mental status was warranted. The standard assessment of mental status (normal, mildly impaired, or severely impaired) and competence to refuse emergency care were provided by the attending physician. The usefulness and ease of administration of the BMSE were rated by the physicians and nurses administering it. We found that BMSE scores correlated significantly with physicians' assessments of @entity1 ' mental status and competence to refuse care. Using physician assessment as a standard, the BMSE had a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 95% in identifying severely impaired individuals. Examiners' ratings of ease of administration were closely related to the degree of impairment found. Finally, examiners rated the BMSE as useful in 98% of cases. We conclude from these preliminary results that the BMSE, upon further testing, may prove to be a valid and useful tool for assessing the mental states of emergency @entity1 in both prehospital and @entity341 settings.

title: A quantifiable, Brief Mental Status Examination for emergency XXXX .

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test whether the combination of @entity460 antagonism is additive with the other newer antihypertensives, namely alpha-blockers and @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors. DESIGN: Three-way double-blind, Latin-square crossover studies in two groups of 12 @entity1 with essential @entity101 . The three treatment periods were @entity3591 , @entity16427 (study A) or enalapril (study B), and the combination of @entity3591 with the second drug. METHODS: Each treatment was taken for 1 month, preceded by a 2-week single-blind run-in period, in which the @entity1 received a low dose of @entity16427 (study A) or @entity4688 (study B) to enable recruitment of @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity101 . Blood pressure, foot volume and plasma @entity1063 concentration were measured at the end of each run-in and treatment period. RESULTS: The combination of alpha-blockade and @entity460 antagonism caused a @entity551 . These falls were significantly greater than on either drug alone, and greater than the sum of the falls when taking the individual drugs. The combination of @entity3591 and the @entity1289 inhibitor was also additive. Both combinations with @entity3591 were tolerated well by all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of alpha-blockade and @entity460 antagonism has not previously been studied and should be useful for resistant @entity101 who have not tolerated beta-blockade or @entity1289 inhibitors. The combination of @entity1289 inhibition and @entity460 antagonism has previously been shown to be additive; its use as a positive control in the present studies suggests that the use of an active drug for a run-in period may be a useful design for permitting the study of @entity1 from whom all treatment cannot safely be withdrawn.

title: Alpha-blockade and @entity460 antagonism: an effective and well-tolerated combination for the treatment of resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['fall in supine and erect blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test whether the combination of @entity460 antagonism is additive with the other newer antihypertensives, namely alpha-blockers and @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors. DESIGN: Three-way double-blind, Latin-square crossover studies in two groups of 12 @entity1 with essential @entity101 . The three treatment periods were @entity3591 , @entity16427 (study A) or enalapril (study B), and the combination of @entity3591 with the second drug. METHODS: Each treatment was taken for 1 month, preceded by a 2-week single-blind run-in period, in which the @entity1 received a low dose of @entity16427 (study A) or @entity4688 (study B) to enable recruitment of @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity101 . Blood pressure, foot volume and plasma @entity1063 concentration were measured at the end of each run-in and treatment period. RESULTS: The combination of alpha-blockade and @entity460 antagonism caused a @entity551 . These falls were significantly greater than on either drug alone, and greater than the sum of the falls when taking the individual drugs. The combination of @entity3591 and the @entity1289 inhibitor was also additive. Both combinations with @entity3591 were tolerated well by all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of alpha-blockade and @entity460 antagonism has not previously been studied and should be useful for resistant @entity101 who have not tolerated beta-blockade or @entity1289 inhibitors. The combination of @entity1289 inhibition and @entity460 antagonism has previously been shown to be additive; its use as a positive control in the present studies suggests that the use of an active drug for a run-in period may be a useful design for permitting the study of @entity1 from whom all treatment cannot safely be withdrawn.

title: Alpha-blockade and XXXX antagonism: an effective and well-tolerated combination for the treatment of resistant @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Purpose. To investigate prognostic factors that influence the final visual acuity (VA) and to correlate the @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) with the final VA in @entity542 . Methods. A retrospective review of 298 @entity1 with @entity542 admitted to Tianjin Medical University General Hospital was carried out from January 1, 2010, till December 31, 2014. Prognostic factors influencing the final VA in @entity1 with @entity542 and the correlation between @entity2194 and the final VA were examined. Results. Three hundred and fourteen eyes from 298 @entity1 with @entity542 were analyzed. Males had a higher rate of @entity542 than females (83.56% versus 16.44%). Mean age was 45.46    17.48 years (5-95 years). In a univariate analysis, prognostic factors influencing the final VA included initial VA, relative afferent @entity1377 (RAPD), @entity548 , @entity130 , @entity3225 , @entity5891 , @entity1713 , and the zone of injury. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, initial VA, RAPD, and the zone of injury were considered to be independent risk factors. The @entity2194 correlated with final VA (r = 0.988, p = 0.000). Conclusion. In our study, the most important prognostic factors influencing the final VA were initial VA, RAPD, and the zone of injury. The @entity2194 was of great importance for @entity1 and ophthalmologists.

title: Prognostic Factors for XXXX and Correlation of Ocular @entity130 Score in Tianjin, China.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary defect']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['OTS', 'ocular trauma score']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open globe injury', 'open globe injuries']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['lens injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Open Globe Injuries']


abstract: Purpose. To investigate prognostic factors that influence the final visual acuity (VA) and to correlate the @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) with the final VA in @entity542 . Methods. A retrospective review of 298 @entity1 with @entity542 admitted to Tianjin Medical University General Hospital was carried out from January 1, 2010, till December 31, 2014. Prognostic factors influencing the final VA in @entity1 with @entity542 and the correlation between @entity2194 and the final VA were examined. Results. Three hundred and fourteen eyes from 298 @entity1 with @entity542 were analyzed. Males had a higher rate of @entity542 than females (83.56% versus 16.44%). Mean age was 45.46    17.48 years (5-95 years). In a univariate analysis, prognostic factors influencing the final VA included initial VA, relative afferent @entity1377 (RAPD), @entity548 , @entity130 , @entity3225 , @entity5891 , @entity1713 , and the zone of injury. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, initial VA, RAPD, and the zone of injury were considered to be independent risk factors. The @entity2194 correlated with final VA (r = 0.988, p = 0.000). Conclusion. In our study, the most important prognostic factors influencing the final VA were initial VA, RAPD, and the zone of injury. The @entity2194 was of great importance for @entity1 and ophthalmologists.

title: Prognostic Factors for @entity542 and Correlation of Ocular XXXX Score in Tianjin, China.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: AIM: To understand staff factors associated with @entity1 aggression towards the staff of an inpatient forensic @entity146 hospital. BACKGROUND: Violence by @entity1 is a serious concern in @entity146 hospitals and staff are the most frequent targets of physical and verbal assault. Assault and its consequences can severely disrupt the hospital environment and impair the functioning of staff members and @entity1 . This study examined the interplay of staff dispositional and interpersonal factors associated with @entity1 violence. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study surveyed the staff of a large public forensic hospital. METHODS: A sample of 348 @entity146 staff participated in an online survey about their workplace experiences, psychosocial characteristics and well-being. Data were collected from November - December 2011. FINDINGS: Nearly all staff reported verbal conflict with @entity1 (99%) and 70% reported being assaulted during the previous 12  months. Verbal conflict with other staff (92%) was also high. Multiple regression analyses indicated that in addition to static risk factors (i.e. staff position, years of experience and gender), the risk of assault was associated with the frequency of conflicts with staff and @entity1 , which in turn was moderated by personal stress reactivity. CONCLUSION: Physical violence by @entity1 was a pervasive threat for a high proportion of staff. Frequent conflict interactions with volatile @entity1 contributed the most risk, but reactivity to conflict was a dynamic risk factor. The strain associated with assault risk and stress reactivity could be prospectively mitigated by resilience enhancement programming for staff.

title: A cross-sectional survey of factors related to inpatient assault of staff in a forensic XXXX hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: Monoclonal antibody UJ13A, radiolabelled with 131I, was intravenously administered to @entity1 with primary @entity1313 . The antigen recognised by UJ13A is present on most neuroectodermally derived tissue. The ratio of uptake in @entity5 to normal brain, assessed by scintigraphy, improved with time. Maximal @entity5 uptake occurred between 4 and 48 h. Dynamic and static scintigrams indicated some early sequestration of radiolabelled antibody by the liver. @entity5 were surgically resected in seven @entity1 at various intervals after antibody administration showing tissue to blood ratios increasing with time in all parts of the lesion (viable and @entity5 , cyst fluid), and in normal brain. The highest tissue to blood ratio in viable @entity5 was 5.1 at 16 days after injection. In tissues resected 2-3 days after injection there was relatively greater uptake in the viable @entity5 compared to @entity5 and cyst fluid. In contrast, tissues resected later (6-16 days) showed greater uptake in @entity5 , suggesting diffusion was an important factor influencing @entity5 uptake. The amount of radioactivity per gram of @entity5 tissue was less than 0.005% of the injected dose. Future studies are needed using different antibodies, antibody fragments and additional methods of optimising delivery.

title: Radioimmunolocalization of @entity1 XXXX : biodistribution of radiolabelled monoclonal antibody UJ13A.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'necrotic tumour', 'ischaemic tissue than viable tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumours']


abstract: Monoclonal antibody UJ13A, radiolabelled with 131I, was intravenously administered to @entity1 with primary @entity1313 . The antigen recognised by UJ13A is present on most neuroectodermally derived tissue. The ratio of uptake in @entity5 to normal brain, assessed by scintigraphy, improved with time. Maximal @entity5 uptake occurred between 4 and 48 h. Dynamic and static scintigrams indicated some early sequestration of radiolabelled antibody by the liver. @entity5 were surgically resected in seven @entity1 at various intervals after antibody administration showing tissue to blood ratios increasing with time in all parts of the lesion (viable and @entity5 , cyst fluid), and in normal brain. The highest tissue to blood ratio in viable @entity5 was 5.1 at 16 days after injection. In tissues resected 2-3 days after injection there was relatively greater uptake in the viable @entity5 compared to @entity5 and cyst fluid. In contrast, tissues resected later (6-16 days) showed greater uptake in @entity5 , suggesting diffusion was an important factor influencing @entity5 uptake. The amount of radioactivity per gram of @entity5 tissue was less than 0.005% of the injected dose. Future studies are needed using different antibodies, antibody fragments and additional methods of optimising delivery.

title: Radioimmunolocalization of XXXX @entity1313 : biodistribution of radiolabelled monoclonal antibody UJ13A.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']