abstract: Background: Placebo controls are essential in evaluating the effectiveness of medical treatments. Although it is unclear whether different placebo interventions for @entity571 vary in efficacy, systematic differences would substantially affect interpretation of the results of placebo-controlled trials. Objective: To evaluate the effects of alternative placebo types on @entity158 outcomes in @entity626 . Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Database from inception through 1 June 2015 and unpublished data. Study Selection: 149 randomized trials of adults with @entity626 that reported @entity158 outcomes and compared widely used pharmaceuticals against oral, intra-articular, topical, and oral plus topical placebos. Data Extraction: Study data were independently double-extracted; study quality was assessed by using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data Synthesis: Placebo effects that were evaluated by using a network meta-analysis with 4 separate placebo nodes (differential model) showed that intra-articular placebo (effect size, 0.29 [95% credible interval, 0.09 to 0.49]) and topical placebo (effect size, 0.20 [credible interval, 0.02 to 0.38]) had significantly greater effect sizes than did oral placebo. This differential model showed marked differences in the relative efficacies and hierarchy of the active treatments compared with a network model that considered all placebos equivalent. In the model accounting for differential effects, intra-articular and topical therapies were superior to oral treatments in @entity158 . When these differential effects were ignored, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were superior. Limitations: Few studies compared different placebos directly. The study could not decisively conclude whether disease severity and co-interventions systematically differed between trials evaluating different placebos. Conclusion: All placebos are not equal, and some can trigger clinically relevant responses. Differential placebo effects can substantially alter estimates of the relative efficacies of active treatments, an important consideration for the design of clinical trials and interpretation of their results. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

title: Effectiveness and Implications of Alternative Placebo Treatments: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of XXXX Trials.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'reducing pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Apocynum venetum, a Chinese medicinal herb, is reported to be neuroprotective. However, whether apocynum venetum leaf extract (AVLE) protects against @entity63 remains elusive. Our present study was aimed to observe the effects of AVLE preconditioning on @entity741 /reperfusion (MI/R) injury and to investigate the possible mechanisms. @entity35 were treated with AVLE (500 mg/kg/d, o.g.) or distilled water once daily for one week. Afterward, all the animals were subjected to 30 min of @entity741 followed by 4 h of reperfusion. AVLE preconditioning for one week significantly improved cardiac function following MI/R. Meanwhile, AVLE reduced @entity1188 size, plasma creatine kinase (CK)/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and myocardial apoptosis at the end of reperfusion in @entity35 hearts. Moreover, AVLE preconditioning significantly inhibited superoxide generation, gp91(phox) expression, malonaldialdehyde formation and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in I/R hearts. Furthermore, AVLE treatment increased Akt and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 ( @entity2508 ) phosphorylations in I/R @entity35 heart. Either the Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin or the @entity2508 inhibitor @entity4286 blocked AVLE-stimulated anti-oxidative effects and cardioprotection. Our study demonstrated for the first time that AVLE reduces oxidative stress and exerts cardioprotection against MI/R injury in @entity35 .

title: Apocynum Venetum Leaf Attenuates XXXX /Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychological factors may influence persistence and perceived severity of symptoms in @entity1744 ( @entity8352 ). Literature suggests that somatisation is associated with @entity8352 . However, the relationship between @entity8352 subtype, symptoms of @entity8352 and somatisation is unclear. AIM: To examine this issue in a large cohort of secondary care @entity1 . METHODS: Demographic and gastrointestinal (GI) symptom data were collected from 4224 adult @entity1 via the Rome III questionnaire. Somatisation data were collected using the @entity1 health questionnaire-12. Mean somatisation score and number of somatic symptoms were compared between @entity8352 @entity1 and controls with minimal @entity344 , and between @entity8352 subtypes using analysis of variance. Effect of level of somatisation on symptom frequency was compared according to @entity8352 subtype using a   (2) test. RESULTS: 840 @entity1 met Rome III criteria for @entity8352 , controls were 2137 @entity1 with @entity344 without @entity8352 . Mean somatisation scores and number of somatic symptoms were higher in @entity8352 vs. controls (P  <  0.001), and in mixed stool pattern @entity8352 ( @entity8352 ), vs. @entity8352 with @entity1142 ( @entity8352 -C) or @entity294 ( @entity8352 -D) (P  <  0.001). High levels of somatisation were more prevalent in @entity8352 (31.7%) vs. @entity8352 -C (22.5%) or @entity8352 -D (20.8%) (P  =  0.003). For all @entity8352 subtypes, high levels of somatisation were associated with a greater frequency of bloating or abdominal distension prior to logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8352 is strongly associated with higher levels of somatisation, particularly @entity8352 . Bloating may be associated with higher levels of somatisation, perhaps explaining why it can be difficult to treat.

title: XXXX is significantly associated with somatisation in 840 @entity1 , which may drive bloating.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['Irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychological factors may influence persistence and perceived severity of symptoms in @entity1744 ( @entity8352 ). Literature suggests that somatisation is associated with @entity8352 . However, the relationship between @entity8352 subtype, symptoms of @entity8352 and somatisation is unclear. AIM: To examine this issue in a large cohort of secondary care @entity1 . METHODS: Demographic and gastrointestinal (GI) symptom data were collected from 4224 adult @entity1 via the Rome III questionnaire. Somatisation data were collected using the @entity1 health questionnaire-12. Mean somatisation score and number of somatic symptoms were compared between @entity8352 @entity1 and controls with minimal @entity344 , and between @entity8352 subtypes using analysis of variance. Effect of level of somatisation on symptom frequency was compared according to @entity8352 subtype using a   (2) test. RESULTS: 840 @entity1 met Rome III criteria for @entity8352 , controls were 2137 @entity1 with @entity344 without @entity8352 . Mean somatisation scores and number of somatic symptoms were higher in @entity8352 vs. controls (P  <  0.001), and in mixed stool pattern @entity8352 ( @entity8352 ), vs. @entity8352 with @entity1142 ( @entity8352 -C) or @entity294 ( @entity8352 -D) (P  <  0.001). High levels of somatisation were more prevalent in @entity8352 (31.7%) vs. @entity8352 -C (22.5%) or @entity8352 -D (20.8%) (P  =  0.003). For all @entity8352 subtypes, high levels of somatisation were associated with a greater frequency of bloating or abdominal distension prior to logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8352 is strongly associated with higher levels of somatisation, particularly @entity8352 . Bloating may be associated with higher levels of somatisation, perhaps explaining why it can be difficult to treat.

title: @entity1744 is significantly associated with somatisation in 840 XXXX , which may drive bloating.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity73 is a hallmark symptom of many @entity146 . In substance use disorders, @entity73 is triply harmful (a) because addicts increasingly prefer the drug of abuse to the natural reward of drug-free social interaction, thus worsening the progression of the disease by increasing their drug consumption, (b) because treatment adherence and, consequently, treatment success itself depends on the ability of the recovering addict to maintain social interaction and adhere to treatment, and (c) because socially interacting with an individual suffering from a substance use disorder may be harmful for others. Helping the addict reorient his/her behavior away from the drug of abuse toward social interaction would therefore be of considerable therapeutic benefit. This article reviews our work on the neural basis of such a reorientation from @entity2072 , as a prototypical drug of abuse, toward dyadic (i.e. one-to-one) social interaction and compares our findings with the effects of other potentially beneficial interventions, that is, environmental enrichment or paired housing, on the activation of the accumbens and other brain regions involved in behavior motivated by drugs of abuse or nondrug stimuli. Our experimental models are based on the conditioned place preference paradigm. As the therapeutically most promising finding, only four 15 min episodes of @entity6100 were able to inhibit both the subsequent reacquisition/re-expression of preference for @entity2072 and the neural activation associated with this behavior, that is, an increase in the expression of the @entity9829 gene @entity14745 ( @entity14745 , @entity14745 ) in the nucleus accumbens, basolateral and central amygdala, and the ventral tegmental area. The time spent in the @entity2072 -associated conditioning compartment was correlated with the density of @entity14745 -activated neurons not only in the medial core (AcbCm) and medial shell (AcbShm) of the nucleus accumbens, but was observed in all regions medial to the anterior commissure ('accumbens corridor'), including (from medial to lateral), the vertical limb of the diagonal band and the medial septum (VDB+MS), the major island of Calleja and the intermediate nucleus of the lateral septum (ICjM+LSI), the AcbShm, and the AcbCm. All effects were limited to GABAergic projection neurons (called 'medium spiny neurons', in the accumbens), encompassing both @entity935 D1 receptor-expressing and D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neuron subtypes. Our @entity14745 expression findings were mirrored in multielectrode array recordings. Finally, we have validated our paradigm in C57BL/6 @entity19 to make use of the plethora of transgenic models available in this genus.

title: Dyadic social interaction inhibits XXXX -conditioned place preference and the associated activation of the accumbens corridor.

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['dyadic social interaction']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired social interaction', 'impaired social interaction']

entities_list: @entity14745 :: ('13653(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Zif268', 'EGR1', 'Early Growth Response protein 1']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: In two previous communications we demonstrated that @entity1954 (T3) improved cases of chronic @entity565 (CBA). In this communication we administered T3 in a dose of 40 microgram/day for a period of sixty days to twelve cases of CBA aged less than 38 years who had had the condition for more than 5 years and were not on @entity230 or chromoglycate. All were outpatients. Respiratory functions including vital capacity and timed expiratory volume were tested before and after the period of drug administration. @entity1 were also advised to record the number of attacks and amount of bronchodilators used. All @entity1 had their % T3 uptake and @entity1955 (T4) serum level examined before the experiment. Ten normal @entity1 of matching ages and sexes had their blood examined for % T3 uptake and levels as control. The results have shown that the @entity1 had normal % T3 uptake and T4 levels in blood. Their vital capacity increased by an average of 4.27%, their first-second expiratory volume by 17.58% (P less than 0.0025), their second-second expiratory volume by 13.74% (P less than 0.0025%), and their maximal ventilatory volume by 12.95% (P less than 0.0025). Five cases had an increase of over 20% and 5 cases had practically no increase or a mild reduction. Subjective improvement and reduction in amount of bronchodilators used correlated well with the improvement in ventilation. It is argued that T3 acts through having the capacity to increase @entity268 , a main messenger in bronchodilation that is known to be deficient in asthmatics.

title: Effect of XXXX on Bronchial Asthma. III.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['Triiodothyronine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Diagnosis of @entity2590 ( @entity3012 ) relies on well-defined cytomorphologic criteria but is challenging in a significant number of @entity1 . The detection of aberrant antigen expression by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is considered a promising tool to improve @entity3012 diagnostics. We prospectively analyzed 804 unselected @entity1 sent with suspected @entity3012 for correlation of MFC findings with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in the context of cytomorphologic and cytogenetic findings. @entity1 with evidence of @entity3012 by MFC had a significantly worse @entity1349 as compared to those without ( @entity1349 at 2 years, 71.2% vs. 89.4%; P   <   0.001). The number of aberrantly expressed antigens as a continuous variable was significantly associated with @entity1349 [P   <   0.001, hazards ratio (HR): 1.19 per additional aberrantly expressed antigen]. Multivariate analysis proved a diagnosis of @entity3012 by MFC to be independently associated with @entity1349 (P   =   0.050; HR: 1.42). Furthermore, a diagnosis of @entity3012 by MFC was related to inferior survival within all three cytomorphologically defined subgroups, i.e., proven @entity3012 ( @entity3012 , 45.4 vs. 52.8 months, P   <   0.001), suspected @entity3012 (2-year- @entity1349 , 75.0% vs. 82.8%; P   =   0.062), and @entity3012 excluded (2-year- @entity1349 , 63.5% vs. 92.8%, P   =   0.020). Our data clearly demonstrate that, in the assessment of cytopenic @entity1 with suspected @entity3012 , a diagnosis of @entity3012 by MFC is independently associated with @entity1349 , which had been shown in previous studies for today's standard diagnostic parameters cytomorphology and cytogenetics. MFC may, therefore, be considered an additional tool in the diagnostic workup of @entity1 with suspected @entity3012 .    2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society.

title: Multiparameter flow cytometry provides independent prognostic information in @entity1 with suspected XXXX : A study on 804 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Diagnosis of @entity2590 ( @entity3012 ) relies on well-defined cytomorphologic criteria but is challenging in a significant number of @entity1 . The detection of aberrant antigen expression by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is considered a promising tool to improve @entity3012 diagnostics. We prospectively analyzed 804 unselected @entity1 sent with suspected @entity3012 for correlation of MFC findings with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in the context of cytomorphologic and cytogenetic findings. @entity1 with evidence of @entity3012 by MFC had a significantly worse @entity1349 as compared to those without ( @entity1349 at 2 years, 71.2% vs. 89.4%; P   <   0.001). The number of aberrantly expressed antigens as a continuous variable was significantly associated with @entity1349 [P   <   0.001, hazards ratio (HR): 1.19 per additional aberrantly expressed antigen]. Multivariate analysis proved a diagnosis of @entity3012 by MFC to be independently associated with @entity1349 (P   =   0.050; HR: 1.42). Furthermore, a diagnosis of @entity3012 by MFC was related to inferior survival within all three cytomorphologically defined subgroups, i.e., proven @entity3012 ( @entity3012 , 45.4 vs. 52.8 months, P   <   0.001), suspected @entity3012 (2-year- @entity1349 , 75.0% vs. 82.8%; P   =   0.062), and @entity3012 excluded (2-year- @entity1349 , 63.5% vs. 92.8%, P   =   0.020). Our data clearly demonstrate that, in the assessment of cytopenic @entity1 with suspected @entity3012 , a diagnosis of @entity3012 by MFC is independently associated with @entity1349 , which had been shown in previous studies for today's standard diagnostic parameters cytomorphology and cytogenetics. MFC may, therefore, be considered an additional tool in the diagnostic workup of @entity1 with suspected @entity3012 .    2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society.

title: Multiparameter flow cytometry provides independent prognostic information in XXXX with suspected @entity2590 : A study on 804 @entity1 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Diagnosis of @entity2590 ( @entity3012 ) relies on well-defined cytomorphologic criteria but is challenging in a significant number of @entity1 . The detection of aberrant antigen expression by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is considered a promising tool to improve @entity3012 diagnostics. We prospectively analyzed 804 unselected @entity1 sent with suspected @entity3012 for correlation of MFC findings with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in the context of cytomorphologic and cytogenetic findings. @entity1 with evidence of @entity3012 by MFC had a significantly worse @entity1349 as compared to those without ( @entity1349 at 2 years, 71.2% vs. 89.4%; P   <   0.001). The number of aberrantly expressed antigens as a continuous variable was significantly associated with @entity1349 [P   <   0.001, hazards ratio (HR): 1.19 per additional aberrantly expressed antigen]. Multivariate analysis proved a diagnosis of @entity3012 by MFC to be independently associated with @entity1349 (P   =   0.050; HR: 1.42). Furthermore, a diagnosis of @entity3012 by MFC was related to inferior survival within all three cytomorphologically defined subgroups, i.e., proven @entity3012 ( @entity3012 , 45.4 vs. 52.8 months, P   <   0.001), suspected @entity3012 (2-year- @entity1349 , 75.0% vs. 82.8%; P   =   0.062), and @entity3012 excluded (2-year- @entity1349 , 63.5% vs. 92.8%, P   =   0.020). Our data clearly demonstrate that, in the assessment of cytopenic @entity1 with suspected @entity3012 , a diagnosis of @entity3012 by MFC is independently associated with @entity1349 , which had been shown in previous studies for today's standard diagnostic parameters cytomorphology and cytogenetics. MFC may, therefore, be considered an additional tool in the diagnostic workup of @entity1 with suspected @entity3012 .    2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society.

title: Multiparameter flow cytometry provides independent prognostic information in @entity1 with suspected @entity2590 : A study on 804 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a rare benign @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to review the clinical characteristics, imaging and pathological features, and outcomes of @entity1 with IMTs from a single center in China. METHODS: A retrospective file review was conducted involving 23 cases of pathologically confirmed IMTs treated at the @entity1 's Hospital between April 2003 and April 2014. RESULTS: The @entity5 locations included multiple anatomic sites, as follows: abdomen or pelvis (n  =  17); lungs (n  =  2); head and neck (n  =  1); trunk (n  =  1); and extremities (n  =  2). The @entity5 were associated with various clinical presentations. The predominant symptoms included an anemic appearance, fevers, and an asymptomatic mass. Computed tomography scanning showed solid, heterogeneous, well-demarcated masses; the appearance of enhancement was variable. MRI appeared hypointense on T1-weighted images and hypointense or hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Immunohistochemical staining revealed @entity706 kinase was negative in 11 of 13 cases tested. One @entity1 quit treatment  for the unresectable mass after biopsy and died 2  years later, and another @entity1 with incompletely resection is alive at 30  months following chemotherapy. The remaining 21 cases had complete resections; one @entity1 died due to a recurrence, and the other 20 @entity1 survived and were @entity5 free. The follow-up ranged from 7 to 141  months, with a mean of 56  months. The 3-year OS was 88  % (95  % CI, 57-97  %). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is a benign @entity5 that rarely presents with malignant features. Complete resection is curative in most @entity1 . ALK+ is variable for diagnosis. Close follow-up is necessary for @entity1 who undergo surgical resection.

title: Analysis of clinical features and outcomes for inflammatory XXXX in China: 11 years of experience at a single center.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor', 'IMT', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic lymphoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['myofibroblastic tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A major drawback with @entity5 chemotherapy is its severe toxic effects on non-target tissues. Assessment of natural products for their protective effect against anticancer drugs-induced @entity137 is gaining importance in @entity5 biology. The present study was aimed at assessing the protective effect of @entity6620 ( @entity6620 ) against @entity1138 ( @entity1139 )-induced genotoxicity and @entity137 . Swiss albino @entity19 were injected with various doses of @entity6620 (100, 200, 300, 400, 600 and 800  mg/kg b. wt., i.p) 1  h prior to @entity1139 (8  mg/kg, i.p.) injection. The geno- and cyto- @entity137 were evaluated in @entity19 by performing bone marrow micronucleus and TUNEL assays. In vitro antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory assays were carried out to understand the mechanism of the protective effects. The significant increase in the frequency of micronculeated cells (12.51      0.48), apoptotic cells (23.43      1.86) and reduction in P/N ratio (0.69      0.04) compared with control indicated the potential geno- and cytotoxic effects of @entity1139 in bone marrow. Pretreatment with @entity6620 resulted in the significant recovery of the toxic effects induced by @entity1139 . @entity6620 at 400  mg/kg  b. wt. was found to be the optimum dose imparting the maximum protective effects. The in vitro antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory assays suggest that the extract possesses substantial free radical scavenging activities. In conclusion, @entity6620 possesses substantial geno- and cyto-protective properties against @entity1139 , which could be mediated through efficient free radical scavenging and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation.

title: Mitigating effect of Indian propolis against XXXX induced bone marrow toxicity.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity6620 :: ('MESH:C562580', 'Disease') :: ['hydroethanolic extract of Indian propolis', 'HEIP']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided (USG) versus blind (landmark-guided, LMG) corticosteroid subacromial-subdeltoid bursa injection in adults with shoulder @entity158 . METHODS: The searches were performed on PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid CochraneCENTRAL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus from database inception through March 27, 2015. Studies were included trials comparing USG versus LSG injections for the treatment of adults with @entity2585 . Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and appraisal of the studies. The outcome measures collected were the decreased VAS and SDQ scores, the increased shoulder function scores and shoulder abduction motion range, and the effective rate at 6 weeks after injection. RESULTS: Seven papers including 445 @entity1 were reviewed; 224 received LMG injections and 221 received USG injections. There was a statistically significant difference in favor of USG for @entity158 score [ @entity601 = 1.19, 95% CI (0.39, 1.98), P = 0.003] and SDQ score [ @entity601 = 5.01, 95% CI (1.82, 8.19), P = 0.02] at 6 weeks after injection. Also there was a statistically significant difference between the groups, with greater improvement reported of shoulder function scores [SMD = 0.89, 95% CI (0.56, 1.23), P < 0.001] and shoulder abduction motion range [ @entity601 32.69, 95% CI (14.82, 50.56), P < 0.001] in the USG group. More effective rate was also reported with USG group and the difference was statistically significant [risk ratio = 1.6, 95% CI (1.02, 2.50), P = 0.04]. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections potentially offer a significantly greater clinical improvement over blind SASD bursitis injections in adults with shoulder @entity158 .

title: Ultrasound-guided versus blind subacromial-subdeltoid bursa injection in adults with shoulder XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the combined impact of @entity1144 and low skeletal muscle mass on cardiovascular and total mortality in an elderly Asian population. METHODS: A total of 1,485 elderly individuals (>= 65 years) from Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (1999-2000) were enrolled, and their survival status was followed using data from the National Death Registry. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) was calculated by dividing skeletal muscle mass (kg) by height squared (m(2)). Low skeletal muscle mass was defined as the first quartile of SMMI. @entity1144 (high @entity1674 plus waist circumference [HTGWC]) was defined as @entity1674 >= 150mg/dL and waist circumference >= 90cm ( @entity1 ) and >= 80cm ( @entity1 ). The Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the combined impact of @entity1144 and low SMMI on cardiovascular and total mortality. RESULTS: During follow-up (median 9.2 years), one third (n = 493) of subjects died from any cause, of which 34% (n = 168) were cardiovascular-related. Total and cardiovascular mortality were 4.2 and 1.4 per 100 @entity1 -years, respectively. Low SMMI and HTGWC were independently associated with total mortality in @entity1 , but only low SMMI was significantly associated in @entity1 . Those with both HTGWC and low SMMI had the highest mortality risk, with the cardiovascular mortality risk increased by >6.8-fold and 3.2-fold in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively, compared with controls having normal SMMI and TGWC. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly individuals with @entity1144 and low skeletal muscle mass have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk.

title: XXXX and Low Skeletal Muscle Mass Jointly Predict Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Mortality in an Elderly Asian Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity', 'Abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Whether perioperative blood transfusions (PBTs) negatively impact oncologic outcomes after curative resection for @entity157 remains controversial. We aimed to identify the independent predictive factors of @entity19016 for curative resection of @entity157 ( @entity157 ), and to investigate the impact of @entity19016 on long-term recurrence and survivals after resection. METHODS: Of 1103 @entity1 who underwent curative liver resection for @entity157 between 1999 and 2010, 285 (25.8%) @entity1 received @entity19016 . Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were used to identify independent predictive factors of @entity19016 . Propensity scores and Cox regression analyses were used to compare the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between @entity1 who did and did not receive @entity19016 . RESULTS: Multivariable regression analysis revealed that performance status, preoperative hemoglobin, @entity82 , @entity101 , @entity5 rupture, @entity5 size, macroscopic vascular invasion, and intraoperative @entity190 were independent predictive factors of @entity19016 for @entity157 resection. Propensity score matching analysis created 234 pairs of @entity1 . Before propensity matching, @entity19016 was significantly associated with increased risks of @entity1349 (HR: 2.455, 95% CI: 2.077-2.901, p<0.001) and @entity1349 (HR: 2.018, 95% CI: 1.718-2.370, p<0.001) in the entire cohort. After propensity matching, @entity19016 was not significantly associated with increased risks of @entity1349 (HR: 1.229, 95% CI: 0.988-1.527, p=0.063) and @entity1349 (HR: 1.188, 95% CI: 0.960-1.469, p=0.113). After adjustment for other prognostic variables in the propensity matched cohort, @entity19016 was still found not to be associated with @entity1349 and @entity1349 after @entity157 resection. CONCLUSIONS: The present study identified that @entity19016 did not influence @entity1349 and @entity1349 after curative resection of @entity157 .

title: Perioperative blood transfusion does not influence recurrence-free and overall survivals after curative resection for XXXX : A Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Two hundred twenty four dairy @entity291 (6 mo to second calving) representing four breeds (169 Holstein, 24 Guernsey, 19 Jersey, 12 Brown Swiss) were used to determine effects of age, temperature-season, and breed on blood characteristics. A total of 1183 blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture in the middle of each temperature-season. Covariate age affected blood profile except for hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and albumin. Temperature-season increased or decreased all measures except enzyme @entity908 phosphokinase, total @entity908 phosphokinase, @entity460 and @entity3151 . Years differed for all measures except hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin. Except for enzyme @entity908 phosphokinase, total @entity908 phosphokinase, and @entity3151 , breeds differed in other measures. There were interactions between temperature-season and year, temperature-season and breed, and year and breed. Differences among temperature-seasons were not consistent from year to year. Breed differences were not consistent from temperature-season to temperature-season for @entity460 or protein-bound @entity1496 . Breed differences were not consistent from year to year for glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, total protein, albumin, or @entity460 .

title: Effects of age, temperature-season, and breed on blood characteristics of dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Background: Variability of blood pressure (BP) across outpatient visits is frequently dismissed as random fluctuation around a @entity1 's underlying BP. Objective: To examine the association of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP with @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and mortality outcomes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Post hoc analysis of ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity299 Trial). @entity1 : 25  814 ALLHAT @entity1 . Measurements: The VVV of SBP was defined as the SD across SBP measurements obtained at 7 visits conducted from 6 to 28 months after ALLHAT enrollment. @entity1 without @entity65 events during the first 28 months of follow-up were followed from the 28-month visit through the end of active ALLHAT follow-up. Outcomes included fatal @entity301 ( @entity301 ) or nonfatal @entity583 , all-cause mortality, @entity64 , and @entity712 . Results: During follow-up, 1194 fatal @entity301 or nonfatal MI events, 1948 deaths, 606 @entity64 , and 921 @entity712 events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, including for mean SBP, the hazard ratio comparing @entity1 in the highest versus lowest quintile of SD of SBP (>= 14.4 mm Hg vs. <6.5 mm Hg) was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59) for fatal @entity301 or nonfatal MI, 1.58 (CI, 1.32 to 1.90) for all-cause mortality, 1.46 (CI, 1.06 to 2.01) for @entity64 , and 1.25 (CI, 0.97 to 1.61) for @entity712 . Higher VVV of diastolic BP was also associated with @entity65 events and mortality. Limitation: Long-term outcomes were not available. Conclusion: Higher VVV of SBP is associated with an increased risk for @entity65 and mortality. Future studies should examine whether reducing VVV of BP lowers this risk. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.

title: Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure and @entity301 , XXXX , @entity712 , and Mortality: A Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Attack']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Background: Variability of blood pressure (BP) across outpatient visits is frequently dismissed as random fluctuation around a @entity1 's underlying BP. Objective: To examine the association of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP with @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and mortality outcomes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Post hoc analysis of ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity299 Trial). @entity1 : 25  814 ALLHAT @entity1 . Measurements: The VVV of SBP was defined as the SD across SBP measurements obtained at 7 visits conducted from 6 to 28 months after ALLHAT enrollment. @entity1 without @entity65 events during the first 28 months of follow-up were followed from the 28-month visit through the end of active ALLHAT follow-up. Outcomes included fatal @entity301 ( @entity301 ) or nonfatal @entity583 , all-cause mortality, @entity64 , and @entity712 . Results: During follow-up, 1194 fatal @entity301 or nonfatal MI events, 1948 deaths, 606 @entity64 , and 921 @entity712 events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, including for mean SBP, the hazard ratio comparing @entity1 in the highest versus lowest quintile of SD of SBP (>= 14.4 mm Hg vs. <6.5 mm Hg) was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59) for fatal @entity301 or nonfatal MI, 1.58 (CI, 1.32 to 1.90) for all-cause mortality, 1.46 (CI, 1.06 to 2.01) for @entity64 , and 1.25 (CI, 0.97 to 1.61) for @entity712 . Higher VVV of diastolic BP was also associated with @entity65 events and mortality. Limitation: Long-term outcomes were not available. Conclusion: Higher VVV of SBP is associated with an increased risk for @entity65 and mortality. Future studies should examine whether reducing VVV of BP lowers this risk. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.

title: Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure and XXXX , @entity64 , @entity712 , and Mortality: A Cohort Study.

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['Coronary Heart Disease']


abstract: Background: Variability of blood pressure (BP) across outpatient visits is frequently dismissed as random fluctuation around a @entity1 's underlying BP. Objective: To examine the association of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP with @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and mortality outcomes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Post hoc analysis of ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity299 Trial). @entity1 : 25  814 ALLHAT @entity1 . Measurements: The VVV of SBP was defined as the SD across SBP measurements obtained at 7 visits conducted from 6 to 28 months after ALLHAT enrollment. @entity1 without @entity65 events during the first 28 months of follow-up were followed from the 28-month visit through the end of active ALLHAT follow-up. Outcomes included fatal @entity301 ( @entity301 ) or nonfatal @entity583 , all-cause mortality, @entity64 , and @entity712 . Results: During follow-up, 1194 fatal @entity301 or nonfatal MI events, 1948 deaths, 606 @entity64 , and 921 @entity712 events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, including for mean SBP, the hazard ratio comparing @entity1 in the highest versus lowest quintile of SD of SBP (>= 14.4 mm Hg vs. <6.5 mm Hg) was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59) for fatal @entity301 or nonfatal MI, 1.58 (CI, 1.32 to 1.90) for all-cause mortality, 1.46 (CI, 1.06 to 2.01) for @entity64 , and 1.25 (CI, 0.97 to 1.61) for @entity712 . Higher VVV of diastolic BP was also associated with @entity65 events and mortality. Limitation: Long-term outcomes were not available. Conclusion: Higher VVV of SBP is associated with an increased risk for @entity65 and mortality. Future studies should examine whether reducing VVV of BP lowers this risk. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.

title: Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure and @entity301 , @entity64 , XXXX , and Mortality: A Cohort Study.

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the expression status of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity6006 and their receptors in organ-confined @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) to evaluate their prognostic significance after radical surgery. METHODS: In 758 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2558 -2N0 @entity1358 between 2007 and 2012, we prospectively investigated the expression levels of @entity7 , @entity6006 , @entity319 ( @entity319 ) and @entity3820 ( @entity3820 )-b via immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathologic parameters and expression of the angiogenic factors were analyzed with respect to @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) after nephrectomy. The median follow-up was 29.5  months (IQR 21.5, 39.6) after surgery. RESULTS: Partial nephrectomy had been performed in 48.5  % of the @entity1 , and @entity5 were staged as pT1a in 514 (67.8  %), pT1b in 192 (25.3  %) and pT2 in 52 (6.9  %). @entity7 , PDGF and their receptors were identified in the cytoplasm and membranes of the @entity5 cells. Expression level of @entity319 inversely correlated with both @entity5 size (r  =  -0.076, p  =  0.014) and nuclear grade (r  =  -0.297, p  =  0.004). As for @entity6006 , the expression level showed an inverse correlation with @entity5 size (r  =  -0.216, p  <  0.001) while @entity3820 -b inversely correlated with nuclear grade (r  =  -0.341, p  =  0.001). On multivariate analysis, age, pathologic stage, nuclear grade and @entity3820 -b expression (high vs. low or none, HR 3.121 95  % CI 1.300-7.493, p  =  0.011) were independently prognostic of @entity1349 after nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: In organ-confined @entity1358 , high expression of @entity3820 was independently predictive of poorer @entity1349 after nephrectomy.

title: Prognostic significance of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-b expression in localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6006 :: ('5155', 'Gene') :: ['PDGF-B', 'platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFR', 'VEGF receptor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

entities_list: @entity3820 :: ('5159', 'Gene') :: ['PDGF receptor', 'PDGFR', 'PDGFR-b']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute phase proteins (APPs) have been demonstrated to be useful in evaluating general health stress and diseases in cattle. @entity7019 ( @entity7019 ) and @entity12314 (Hp) are APPs that are produced during @entity32 , and likely play a role in host immunological defence against @entity281 and the associated intestinal tissue damage. We investigated the involvement of @entity7019 and @entity4306 in an experimental study, including three groups of @entity291 : a control group (group 0, n=11), and two groups infected with either 150,000 or 250,000 Eimeria zuernii oocysts (group 1 (n=11) and group 2 (n=12), respectively). The @entity291 were monitored for 28 days and data was collected on oocyst excretion, faecal score, animal weight, and @entity7019 and Hp serum concentrations. Generalized linear mixed models showed that the clinical symptoms, indicated by an increase in the number of oocysts in the faeces and severe @entity294 , manifested at patency for group 1 and 2. Serum Hp and @entity7019 levels also increased during this period. Hp appeared to be a more sensitive marker than @entity7019 , and differences between groups 1 and 2 were observed only for Hp. Linear regression models showed a negative association between @entity1017 and Hp concentrations, calculated as the area under the curve (AUC) during the overall experimental period and the patency period. A similar result was seen for @entity7019 only during the patency period. This result supports the assumption that reduced @entity1017 due to E. zuernii @entity281 is an immunologically driven process that involves an increase in APPs. A random intercept regression model of oocyst shedding groups showed that @entity291 shedding 1-500 oocysts had reduced concentrations of Hp, indicating that a different immunological reaction occurs during mild shedding of E. zuernii oocysts than during more intensive shedding. A similar model was used to examine associations between faecal scores and Hp concentrations for each group. Group 2 @entity291 with haemorrhagic @entity294 displayed higher Hp levels than @entity291 in that group with lower faecal scores, which may be in response to an increased demand for Hp in the repair process as a result of haemolysis. APPs seem to play an important role in determining the course of E. zuernii @entity281 in @entity291 , which may enhance our understanding of the immunological reaction and development of this disease.

title: Systemic acute phase proteins response in XXXX experimentally infected with Eimeria zuernii.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Eimeria infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calves']


abstract: PURPOSE: In California, @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is the second most common @entity5 in Latinos. Using data from the California @entity5 Registry, we investigated demographic and clinical characteristics of 36,133 Latinos with @entity14 living in California during 1995-2011 taking into account subpopulations defined by country of origin. METHODS: Cases were defined as Latino according to the North American Association of Central @entity5 Registries Hispanic Identification Algorithm, which was also used to group cases by country of origin: Mexico (9,678, 27  %), Central or South America (2,636, 7  %), @entity71484 (558, 2  %), Puerto Rico (295, 1  %), and other or unknown origin (22,966, 64  %; Other/NOS). 174,710 @entity14 cases were included for comparison purposes. Annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) and proportional incidence ratios (PIRs) were calculated. RESULTS: Differences were observed for age at diagnosis, sex distribution, socioeconomic status (SES), nativity (US born vs. foreign born), stage, and @entity5 localization across Latino subpopulations and compared to NHW. Mexican Latinos had the lowest AAIR and Cuban Latinos had the highest. PIRs adjusted for age, SES, and nativity showed an excess of @entity14 males and female cases from Cuba, female cases from Puerto Rico and reduced number of female cases from Mexico. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in @entity5 incidence patterns and @entity5 characteristics were observed among Latino subpopulations in California. These disparities may reflect differences in @entity5 determinants among Latinos; therefore, given that country of origin information is unavailable for a large proportion of these @entity1 , greater efforts to collect these data are warranted.

title: Disparities in XXXX incidence among Latino subpopulations in California defined by country of origin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'non-Hispanic white (NHW) CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Optic pathway/ @entity11 (OPHGs) are generally benign but situated in an exquisitely sensitive brain region. They follow an unpredictable course and are usually impossible to resect completely. We present a case series of 10 @entity1 who underwent surgery for OPHGs with the aid of intra-operative MRI (ioMRI). The impact of ioMRI on OPHG resection is presented, and a role for ioMRI in partial resection is discussed. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with OPHGs managed surgically utilising ioMRI at Alder Hey @entity1 's Hospital between 2010 and 2013 were retrospectively identified. Demographic and relevant clinical data were obtained. MRI was used to estimate @entity5 volume pre-operatively and post-resection. If ioMRI demonstrated that further resection was possible, second-look surgery, at the discretion of the operating surgeon, was performed, followed by post-operative imaging to establish the final status of resection. @entity5 volume was estimated for each MR image using the MRIcron software package. RESULTS: Control of @entity5 progression was achieved in all @entity1 . Seven @entity1 had, on table, second-look surgery with significant further @entity5 resection following ioMRI without any surgically related mortality or morbidity. The median additional quantity of @entity5 removed following second-look surgery, as a percentage of the initial total volume, was 27.79  % (range 11.2-59.2  %). The final @entity5 volume remaining with second-look surgery was 23.96 vs. 33.21  % without (p  =  0.1). CONCLUSIONS: OPHGs are technically difficult to resect due to their eloquent location, making them suitable for debulking resection only. IoMRI allows surgical goals to be reassessed intra-operatively following primary resection. Second-look surgery can be performed if possible and necessary and allows significant quantities of extra @entity5 to be resected safely. Although the clinical significance of additional @entity5 resection is not yet clear, we suggest that ioMRI is a safe and useful additional tool, to be combined with advanced neuronavigation techniques for partial @entity5 resection.

title: The role of early intra-operative MRI in partial resection of optic pathway/ XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic gliomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Optic pathway/ @entity11 (OPHGs) are generally benign but situated in an exquisitely sensitive brain region. They follow an unpredictable course and are usually impossible to resect completely. We present a case series of 10 @entity1 who underwent surgery for OPHGs with the aid of intra-operative MRI (ioMRI). The impact of ioMRI on OPHG resection is presented, and a role for ioMRI in partial resection is discussed. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with OPHGs managed surgically utilising ioMRI at Alder Hey @entity1 's Hospital between 2010 and 2013 were retrospectively identified. Demographic and relevant clinical data were obtained. MRI was used to estimate @entity5 volume pre-operatively and post-resection. If ioMRI demonstrated that further resection was possible, second-look surgery, at the discretion of the operating surgeon, was performed, followed by post-operative imaging to establish the final status of resection. @entity5 volume was estimated for each MR image using the MRIcron software package. RESULTS: Control of @entity5 progression was achieved in all @entity1 . Seven @entity1 had, on table, second-look surgery with significant further @entity5 resection following ioMRI without any surgically related mortality or morbidity. The median additional quantity of @entity5 removed following second-look surgery, as a percentage of the initial total volume, was 27.79  % (range 11.2-59.2  %). The final @entity5 volume remaining with second-look surgery was 23.96 vs. 33.21  % without (p  =  0.1). CONCLUSIONS: OPHGs are technically difficult to resect due to their eloquent location, making them suitable for debulking resection only. IoMRI allows surgical goals to be reassessed intra-operatively following primary resection. Second-look surgery can be performed if possible and necessary and allows significant quantities of extra @entity5 to be resected safely. Although the clinical significance of additional @entity5 resection is not yet clear, we suggest that ioMRI is a safe and useful additional tool, to be combined with advanced neuronavigation techniques for partial @entity5 resection.

title: The role of early intra-operative MRI in partial resection of optic pathway/ @entity11 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity2694 may be divided into @entity154 of the orbit, infectious and inflammatory @entity2694 (including @entity5 ) and injuries. Idiopathic inflammatory syndromes are often encountered within the orbit and are usually classified as @entity6436 . The etiology of @entity6437 of the vision organ is unknown. Infectious agents, @entity792 and @entity446 are taken into consideration in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Thanks to detailed studies conducted in recent years, a new @entity66 was identified in 2001. It is known as IgG4-related disease, and its differentiation is based on the analysis of IgG4 levels in the affected tissues. Orbital locations of the disease were first reported in Japan as late as at the end of 2009. This finding triggered the European studies on this subject. To date, no such studies have been conducted in Poland. The starting study population consisted of 167 @entity1 with isolated infiltrative @entity5 within the orbital region treated at the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of the Medical College Jagiellonian University in Krakow. Detailed analysis and diagnostic screening for IgG4-related disease was performed in a total of 17 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6436 .

title: IgG4-related inflammatory XXXX - a retrospective case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant and benign tumors', 'tumor diseases']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumors']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['diseases, orbital tumors', 'Orbital diseases']

entities_list: @entity6436 :: ('MESH:D016727', 'Disease') :: ['orbital pseudotumors', 'orbital pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['improper healing']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

answer: @entity6436 :: (MESH:D016727,Disease) :: ['orbital pseudotumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Systemic @entity32 impairs mood and cognitive functions, and seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity146 . Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies revealed altered task-related blood- @entity26 -level-dependent (BOLD) responses during experimental @entity5694 , but little is known about effects of @entity32 on resting-state activity of the brain. Thus, we conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy @entity1 receiving an intravenous injection of either low-dose (0.4ng/kg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (N=20) or placebo (N=25). Resting state activity was measured at baseline and 3.5h post-injection. Based on a two (condition)*two (group) design, we used multi-subject independent component analysis (ICA) to decompose and estimate functional connectivity within @entity400 ( @entity400 ). Seed-based analyses were applied to investigate the effect of LPS on the functional coupling for a priori-defined regions-of-interest (ROIs). ICA analyses identified 13 out of 35 components displaying common @entity400 . Seed based analysis revealed greater functional connectivity between the left thalamus and the cerebellum after LPS compared to placebo administration, while the functional coupling between seeds within the amygdala, insula, and cingulate cortex and various brain regions including parieto-frontal networks was significantly reduced. Within the LPS group, endotoxin-induced increases in @entity650 were significantly associated with resting-state connectivity between the left thalamus and left precuneus as well as the right posterior cingulate cortex. In summary, this exploratory study provides first evidence that @entity32 affects the coupling and regulation of multiple networks within the @entity1 brain at rest.

title: Alterations in functional connectivity of resting state networks during experimental XXXX - An exploratory study in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['resting-state networks', 'RSNs']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Systemic @entity32 impairs mood and cognitive functions, and seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity146 . Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies revealed altered task-related blood- @entity26 -level-dependent (BOLD) responses during experimental @entity5694 , but little is known about effects of @entity32 on resting-state activity of the brain. Thus, we conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy @entity1 receiving an intravenous injection of either low-dose (0.4ng/kg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (N=20) or placebo (N=25). Resting state activity was measured at baseline and 3.5h post-injection. Based on a two (condition)*two (group) design, we used multi-subject independent component analysis (ICA) to decompose and estimate functional connectivity within @entity400 ( @entity400 ). Seed-based analyses were applied to investigate the effect of LPS on the functional coupling for a priori-defined regions-of-interest (ROIs). ICA analyses identified 13 out of 35 components displaying common @entity400 . Seed based analysis revealed greater functional connectivity between the left thalamus and the cerebellum after LPS compared to placebo administration, while the functional coupling between seeds within the amygdala, insula, and cingulate cortex and various brain regions including parieto-frontal networks was significantly reduced. Within the LPS group, endotoxin-induced increases in @entity650 were significantly associated with resting-state connectivity between the left thalamus and left precuneus as well as the right posterior cingulate cortex. In summary, this exploratory study provides first evidence that @entity32 affects the coupling and regulation of multiple networks within the @entity1 brain at rest.

title: Alterations in functional connectivity of resting state networks during experimental @entity5694 - An exploratory study in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PURPOSE: Preliminary testing of a new biodegradable inferior vena cava filter in a @entity235 model. METHODS: The biodegradable filter consisted of two parts, a filter cone and a stent. The filter cone was constructed of six @entity6886 polymer strands anchored to a handmade absorbable stent. Central inferior vena cava fixation was accomplished by the absorbable stent, which was made of @entity4351 . Device insertion was performed through a 9F sheath under ultrasound guidance on 10 adult beagles. The filters were operatively retrieved at 6 weeks after implantation. The inferior venae cavae were subsequently analyzed grossly and using light microscopy. RESULTS: None of the 10 beagles had abnormal vital signs. All of the 10 filters migrated cephalad approximately <2  cm and remained below the @entity8 . One specimen had evidence of incorporated residual strands within the caval wall on gross examination. The caval wall became thickened at the level of filter placement without significant lumen narrowing. There was no evidence of @entity1151 caused by degradation products of the absorbable strands. CONCLUSION: Biodegradable inferior vena cava filters are feasible and potentially could be used in specific @entity1 who are at temporary high risk of @entity1211 .

title: Development and evaluation of a new biodegradable vena cava filter in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vein ostia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['polycaprolactone']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Autoantibodies against nucleosomes are considered a hallmark of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). We compared in @entity1 with proliferative @entity1988 the diagnostic usefulness of a dsDNA-loaded nucleosome ELISA (anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 ) with ELISAs in which dsDNA or nucleosomes alone were coated. First, we analysed whether DNA loading on nucleosomes led to masking of epitopes by using defined monoclonal anti-DNA, anti-histone and nucleosome-specific autoantibodies to evaluate the accessibility of nucleosomal epitopes in the anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 ELISA. Second, autoantibody levels were measured in these 3 ELISAs in 100 @entity1 with proliferative @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) before immunosuppressive treatment and in 128 non- @entity1252 disease controls. In @entity1 with @entity1988 inter-assay comparisons and associations with clinical and serological parameters were analysed. The panel of monoclonal antibodies revealed that all epitopes were equally accessible in the anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 ELISA as in the two other ELISAs. @entity1 with proliferative @entity1988 were positive with dsDNA-loaded nucleosomes in 86%, with DNA in 66% and with nucleosomes in 85%. In the @entity1252 control group these frequencies were 1.6% (2 out of 128) for both the anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 and the anti-dsDNA ELISA and 0% in the anti-nucleosome ELISA. The levels in the anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 ELISA were high in a group of @entity1 with @entity1988 that showed absent reactivity in the anti-DNA or low levels in the anti-nucleosome ELISA. Anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 positivity was associated with higher SLEDAI scores within this group. Within nucleosome-based ELISAs, we propose the anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 ELISA as the preferred test system.

title: Reactivity in ELISA with DNA-loaded nucleosomes in @entity1 with proliferative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'non-lupus disease']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: Autoantibodies against nucleosomes are considered a hallmark of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). We compared in @entity1 with proliferative @entity1988 the diagnostic usefulness of a dsDNA-loaded nucleosome ELISA (anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 ) with ELISAs in which dsDNA or nucleosomes alone were coated. First, we analysed whether DNA loading on nucleosomes led to masking of epitopes by using defined monoclonal anti-DNA, anti-histone and nucleosome-specific autoantibodies to evaluate the accessibility of nucleosomal epitopes in the anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 ELISA. Second, autoantibody levels were measured in these 3 ELISAs in 100 @entity1 with proliferative @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) before immunosuppressive treatment and in 128 non- @entity1252 disease controls. In @entity1 with @entity1988 inter-assay comparisons and associations with clinical and serological parameters were analysed. The panel of monoclonal antibodies revealed that all epitopes were equally accessible in the anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 ELISA as in the two other ELISAs. @entity1 with proliferative @entity1988 were positive with dsDNA-loaded nucleosomes in 86%, with DNA in 66% and with nucleosomes in 85%. In the @entity1252 control group these frequencies were 1.6% (2 out of 128) for both the anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 and the anti-dsDNA ELISA and 0% in the anti-nucleosome ELISA. The levels in the anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 ELISA were high in a group of @entity1 with @entity1988 that showed absent reactivity in the anti-DNA or low levels in the anti-nucleosome ELISA. Anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 positivity was associated with higher SLEDAI scores within this group. Within nucleosome-based ELISAs, we propose the anti-dsDNA- @entity43635 ELISA as the preferred test system.

title: Reactivity in ELISA with DNA-loaded nucleosomes in XXXX with proliferative @entity1988 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: In @entity295 models, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are reported to incite inflammatory injury to tissues and are purported to be a therapeutic target. OBJECTIVES: To assess MAPK signalling in lamellae in @entity295 ( @entity295 ) at different time points after induction of laminitis via @entity1735 overload, and to determine the effect of regional deep @entity2332 (RDH) on MAPK signalling. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro study using archived tissue samples. METHODS: Lamellar concentrations of MAPKs were assessed in archived lamellar samples from 2 studies: 1) the starch gruel model of @entity295 with 3 groups (n = 6/group) of @entity1641 in (control [CON], onset of fever [DEV] Obel grade 1 lameness [OG1]), and 2) from limbs maintained at ambient (AMB) and hypothermic (ICE) temperatures (n = 6/group) in animals given a bolus of oligofructose.  Immunoblotting and immunolocalisation were used to assess lamellar concentrations and cellular localisation of total and activated (phosphorylated) forms of p38 MAPK, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun N terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) 1/2. RESULTS: Lamellar samples had statistically significant increased concentrations of activated ERK 1/2 at the onset of OG1 laminitis (vs. CON) in the starch gruel model, but showed no significant change between ICE and AMB limbs in the RDH model. Phospho-SAPK/JNK 1/2 exhibited a similar significant increase in the OG1 samples, but was also increased in ICE (vs. AMB) limbs. No statistically significant changes in lamellar p38 MAPK concentrations were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Increased concentrations of activated ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK in the acute stages of @entity295 indicate a possible role of these signalling proteins in @entity130 . Signalling related to ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK 1/2 pathways should be further investigated to determine if these play a detrimental role in laminitis and may be therapeutic targets to be manipulated independently of RDH. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mitogen-activated kinase pathway activation in epidermal lamellae in the acute stages of @entity1735 overload laminitis models and the effect of regional deep XXXX on signalling pathways.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'SRL', 'sepsis-related laminitis']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['lamellar injury']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: In @entity295 models, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are reported to incite inflammatory injury to tissues and are purported to be a therapeutic target. OBJECTIVES: To assess MAPK signalling in lamellae in @entity295 ( @entity295 ) at different time points after induction of laminitis via @entity1735 overload, and to determine the effect of regional deep @entity2332 (RDH) on MAPK signalling. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro study using archived tissue samples. METHODS: Lamellar concentrations of MAPKs were assessed in archived lamellar samples from 2 studies: 1) the starch gruel model of @entity295 with 3 groups (n = 6/group) of @entity1641 in (control [CON], onset of fever [DEV] Obel grade 1 lameness [OG1]), and 2) from limbs maintained at ambient (AMB) and hypothermic (ICE) temperatures (n = 6/group) in animals given a bolus of oligofructose.  Immunoblotting and immunolocalisation were used to assess lamellar concentrations and cellular localisation of total and activated (phosphorylated) forms of p38 MAPK, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun N terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) 1/2. RESULTS: Lamellar samples had statistically significant increased concentrations of activated ERK 1/2 at the onset of OG1 laminitis (vs. CON) in the starch gruel model, but showed no significant change between ICE and AMB limbs in the RDH model. Phospho-SAPK/JNK 1/2 exhibited a similar significant increase in the OG1 samples, but was also increased in ICE (vs. AMB) limbs. No statistically significant changes in lamellar p38 MAPK concentrations were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Increased concentrations of activated ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK in the acute stages of @entity295 indicate a possible role of these signalling proteins in @entity130 . Signalling related to ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK 1/2 pathways should be further investigated to determine if these play a detrimental role in laminitis and may be therapeutic targets to be manipulated independently of RDH. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mitogen-activated kinase pathway activation in epidermal lamellae in the acute stages of XXXX overload laminitis models and the effect of regional deep @entity2332 on signalling pathways.

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Post-laminectomy/laminotomy epidural @entity82 (EF) has been implicated as an important cause of @entity11252 ( @entity11252 ). The various clinical approaches used to control EF yield mixed outcomes. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel (cHA) was synthesized to increase mechanical stability and residence time. We evaluated the therapeutic attenuation of proliferative EF in laminectomy/laminotomy groups treated and not treated with cHA. A bilateral T11-L1 total laminectomy or unilateral T12 laminotomy was done on four groups (n   =   10 each) of @entity35 and then histologically examined 2 months post-surgery: (I) laminectomy group treated with and (II) not treated with cHA, (III) laminotomy group treated with and (IV) not treated with cHA. The grade of EF, the diameters within the spinal canal, dura mater thickness, and the area of the epidural space, subarachnoid space, and conus medullaris space were assessed. The cHA-treated subgroups (I, III) had a significantly lower grade of EF, thinner dura mater, and larger epidural and @entity510 than did the control subgroups (II, IV) (p   <   0.05). The cHA formed a solid interpositional membrane barrier that prevented invasive @entity82 , and also helped reduce pathological changes to the adjacent structures. In conclusion, topically applied cHA is effective for reducing EF.    2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:299-306, 2016.

title: Efficacy of topical cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel in preventing post laminectomy/laminotomy XXXX in a @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'failed back syndrome']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid spaces']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Post-laminectomy/laminotomy epidural @entity82 (EF) has been implicated as an important cause of @entity11252 ( @entity11252 ). The various clinical approaches used to control EF yield mixed outcomes. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel (cHA) was synthesized to increase mechanical stability and residence time. We evaluated the therapeutic attenuation of proliferative EF in laminectomy/laminotomy groups treated and not treated with cHA. A bilateral T11-L1 total laminectomy or unilateral T12 laminotomy was done on four groups (n   =   10 each) of @entity35 and then histologically examined 2 months post-surgery: (I) laminectomy group treated with and (II) not treated with cHA, (III) laminotomy group treated with and (IV) not treated with cHA. The grade of EF, the diameters within the spinal canal, dura mater thickness, and the area of the epidural space, subarachnoid space, and conus medullaris space were assessed. The cHA-treated subgroups (I, III) had a significantly lower grade of EF, thinner dura mater, and larger epidural and @entity510 than did the control subgroups (II, IV) (p   <   0.05). The cHA formed a solid interpositional membrane barrier that prevented invasive @entity82 , and also helped reduce pathological changes to the adjacent structures. In conclusion, topically applied cHA is effective for reducing EF.    2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:299-306, 2016.

title: Efficacy of topical cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel in preventing post laminectomy/laminotomy @entity82 in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the @entity683 vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the 2013-2014 @entity683 season, in which 2009 pandemic @entity778 ( @entity683 A[H1N1]pdm09) predominated. In 2 previous years when @entity778 predominated, the VE was low and negatively affected by prior year vaccination. METHODS: We enrolled and followed 232 households with 1049 members, including 618 @entity1 ; specimens were collected from subjects with acute respiratory illnesses. The VE in preventing laboratory-confirmed @entity281 was estimated in adjusted models. Preseason hemagglutination-inhibition and @entity689 -inhibition antibody titers were determined to assess susceptibility. RESULTS: Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was identified in 25 households (10.8%) and 47 individuals (4.5%). Adjusted VE against @entity281 with @entity683 A(H1N1)pdm09 was 66% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-85%), with similar point estimates in @entity1 and adults, and against both community-acquired and household-acquired @entity281 . VE did not appear to be different for live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines among @entity1 aged 2-8 years, although numbers were small. VE was similar for subjects vaccinated in both current and prior seasons and for those vaccinated in the current season only; susceptibility titers were consistent with this observation. CONCLUSIONS: Findings, including substantial significant VE and a lack of a negative effect of repeated vaccination on VE, were in contrast to those seen in prior seasons in which @entity778 predominated.

title: Substantial Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Households With @entity1 During the 2013-2014 Influenza Season, When 2009 Pandemic XXXX Predominated.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A(H3N2) virus', 'influenza A(H1N1) virus']

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['Influenza A(H1N1) Virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the @entity683 vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the 2013-2014 @entity683 season, in which 2009 pandemic @entity778 ( @entity683 A[H1N1]pdm09) predominated. In 2 previous years when @entity778 predominated, the VE was low and negatively affected by prior year vaccination. METHODS: We enrolled and followed 232 households with 1049 members, including 618 @entity1 ; specimens were collected from subjects with acute respiratory illnesses. The VE in preventing laboratory-confirmed @entity281 was estimated in adjusted models. Preseason hemagglutination-inhibition and @entity689 -inhibition antibody titers were determined to assess susceptibility. RESULTS: Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was identified in 25 households (10.8%) and 47 individuals (4.5%). Adjusted VE against @entity281 with @entity683 A(H1N1)pdm09 was 66% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-85%), with similar point estimates in @entity1 and adults, and against both community-acquired and household-acquired @entity281 . VE did not appear to be different for live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines among @entity1 aged 2-8 years, although numbers were small. VE was similar for subjects vaccinated in both current and prior seasons and for those vaccinated in the current season only; susceptibility titers were consistent with this observation. CONCLUSIONS: Findings, including substantial significant VE and a lack of a negative effect of repeated vaccination on VE, were in contrast to those seen in prior seasons in which @entity778 predominated.

title: Substantial Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Households With XXXX During the 2013-2014 Influenza Season, When 2009 Pandemic @entity778 Predominated.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite demonstrated efficacy of   - @entity929 (EACA) in reducing @entity190 in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion, there are no population-specific pharmacokinetic data to guide dosing. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of EACA in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion surgery and make dosing recommendations. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 ages 12-17 years were enrolled, with 10 @entity1 in each of two groups based on diagnosis ( @entity2112 or @entity2112 ). Previously reported data from @entity1 undergoing craniofacial surgery were included in the model to enable dosing recommendations over a wide range of weights, ages, and diagnoses. A population non-linear mixed effects modelling approach was used to characterize EACA pharmacokinetics. RESULTS: Population pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a two-compartment disposition model with allometrically scaled weight and an age effect on clearance. Pharmacokinetic parameters for the typical @entity1 were a plasma clearance of 153 ml @entity1009 ) 70 kg(-1) (6.32 ml @entity1009 ) kg(-0.75)), intercompartmental clearance of 200 ml @entity1009 ) 70 kg(-1) (8.26 ml @entity1009 ) kg(-0.75)), central volume of distribution of 8.78 litre 70 kg(-1) (0.13 litre kg(-1)), and peripheral volume of distribution of 15.8 litre 70 kg(-1) (0.23 litre kg(-1)). @entity1635 aetiology did not have a clinically significant effect on drug pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSIONS: The following dosing schemes are recommended according to @entity1 weight: weight <25 kg, 100 mg kg(-1) loading dose and 40 mg kg(-1) h(-1) infusion; weight  <=25 kg-<50 kg, 100 mg kg(-1) loading dose and 35 mg kg(-1) h(-1) infusion; and weight >= 50 kg, 100 mg kg(-1) loading dose and 30 mg kg(-1) h(-1) infusion. An efficacy trial employing this dosing strategy is warranted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01408823.

title: Population pharmacokinetics of   - XXXX in adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis', 'non-idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity929 :: (MESH:D015119,Chemical) :: ['aminocaproic acid']


abstract: Obesity remains a significant worldwide health problem and is currently increasing. Surgery remains the only proven long-term intervention and has been shown to be cost-effective. Evidence suggests that regular follow-up following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is related to improved outcome, such evidence is lacking for laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery (laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [LRYGB]). This study examines the effect of distance on attendance at post-operative clinics and subsequent @entity353 following surgery. A prospectively maintained database was interrogated to analyze @entity1 undergoing LRYGB before August 2010. @entity1 demographics, percentage excess @entity353 (%EWL), compliance with out- @entity1 clinic attendances and the distance the @entity1 lived from the hospital were examined. Perfect clinic attendees were compared with non-attendees and the distances @entity1 lived from the hospital evaluated. There was a significantly greater %EWL at 1 year post-op observed in the perfect attendees group (65.5 vs. 59.5, P   =   0.01). Increased %EWL was also evident at 2 years post-op but did not reach statistical significance (66.9 vs. 59.5, P   =   0.06). There was a negative correlation observed between post-operative @entity353 and distance from the bariatric centre (R   =   -0.21, P   =   0.04). Close follow-up following LRYGB is essential to optimize outcomes. Increased frequency of out- @entity1 clinic visits was associated with improved post-operative @entity353 . Increasing distance between the @entity1 's home and the bariatric centre was associated with worse post-operative @entity353 .

title: The relationship of distance from the surgical centre on attendance and XXXX after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that @entity2643 prevents sustained @entity943 in 77% to 93% of @entity1 . To date, a study using statistical analysis to verify the drug's effectiveness has not been reported. @entity2643 was given to 17 @entity1 with drug refractory sustained @entity943 . All @entity1 had serious underlying @entity299 including @entity453 (15 @entity1 ) or @entity296 (two @entity1 ). Ten @entity1 had angiographic evidence of a @entity1002 . All @entity1 had @entity1002 . The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 33%. In the 5.5 +/- 8.3 months prior to @entity2643 , these 17 @entity1 had documented sustained @entity943 requiring countershock (41 episodes), overdrive pacing (four episodes), or intravenous drugs (three episodes). @entity2643 was given as a loading dose (1 gm/day for 10 days) and a maintenance dose (200 to 600 mg/day). During a follow-up period of 8.9 +/- 5.7 months, only eight episodes occurred requiring countershock (5) or overdrive pacing (2); one @entity1 died suddenly. A statistical test constructed for this problem showed a significant (p greater than 0.001) reduced risk of experiencing a sustained @entity943 after @entity2643 . This statistical model confirms previous studies showing that @entity2643 prevents sustained @entity943 and prevents @entity1164 .

title: XXXX and sustained @entity943 : statistical evidence of drug effectiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['Amiodarone']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that @entity2643 prevents sustained @entity943 in 77% to 93% of @entity1 . To date, a study using statistical analysis to verify the drug's effectiveness has not been reported. @entity2643 was given to 17 @entity1 with drug refractory sustained @entity943 . All @entity1 had serious underlying @entity299 including @entity453 (15 @entity1 ) or @entity296 (two @entity1 ). Ten @entity1 had angiographic evidence of a @entity1002 . All @entity1 had @entity1002 . The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 33%. In the 5.5 +/- 8.3 months prior to @entity2643 , these 17 @entity1 had documented sustained @entity943 requiring countershock (41 episodes), overdrive pacing (four episodes), or intravenous drugs (three episodes). @entity2643 was given as a loading dose (1 gm/day for 10 days) and a maintenance dose (200 to 600 mg/day). During a follow-up period of 8.9 +/- 5.7 months, only eight episodes occurred requiring countershock (5) or overdrive pacing (2); one @entity1 died suddenly. A statistical test constructed for this problem showed a significant (p greater than 0.001) reduced risk of experiencing a sustained @entity943 after @entity2643 . This statistical model confirms previous studies showing that @entity2643 prevents sustained @entity943 and prevents @entity1164 .

title: @entity2643 and sustained XXXX : statistical evidence of drug effectiveness.

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Abusive @entity542 (AHT) may be missed in the clinical setting. Clinical prediction tools are used to reduce variability in practice and inform decision-making. From a systematic review and individual @entity1 data analysis we derived the Predicting Abusive @entity542 (PredAHT) tool, using multilevel logistic regression to predict likelihood of AHT. This study aims to externally validate the PredAHT tool. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 aged <36 months admitted with an @entity1504 , confirmed as abusive or nonabusive, to 2 sites used in the original model were ascertained. Details of 6 influential features were recorded ( @entity5861 , @entity174 , @entity386 , @entity410 , and head or neck @entity2981 ). We estimated the likelihood of an unrecorded feature being present with multiple imputation; analysis included sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Data included 133 non-AHT cases and 65 AHT cases, 97% of @entity1 were <24 months old. Consistent with original predictions, when >= 3 features were present in a @entity1 <36 months old with @entity1504 , the estimated probability of AHT was >81.5% (95% CI, 63.3-91.8). The sensitivity of the tool was 72.3% (95% CI, 60.4-81.7), the specificity was 85.7% (95% CI, 78.8-90.7), area under the curve 0.88 (95% CI, 0.823-0.926). CONCLUSIONS: When tested on novel data, the PredAHT tool performed well. This tool has the potential to contribute to decision-making in these challenging cases. An implementation study is needed to explore its performance and utility within the @entity1 protection process.

title: Validation of a Prediction Tool for Abusive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['rib and long -bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'Head Trauma']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial injury']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head Trauma']


abstract: Study Objectives: This post hoc analysis evaluated the time to response that can be expected with sodium oxybate (SXB) for treatment of @entity25 and @entity2725 in @entity1 with @entity2724 . Methods: Data were from a 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial ( @entity9091 ; N = 136) of oral SXB 3 g, 6 g, and 9 g nightly, and its 12-month open-label extension ( @entity7510 ). Two response definitions were utilized: >= 20% improvement in ESS score ( @entity25 responders), and >= 50% reduction in weekly @entity2725 attacks ( @entity2725 responders). These thresholds were previously determined to be clinically relevant based on analysis of the relationship of Clinical Global Impression of Change with ESS and number of @entity2725 attacks. Kaplan-Meier curves and median times to first response, based on above criteria, and to maximum response were estimated. Results: Among 86 @entity1 randomized to SXB in @entity9091 and continued into @entity7510 , 77.6% and 90.7% were @entity25 and @entity2725 responders, respectively. The median (95% CI) times to first response were 37 (31-50) days for @entity25 and 25 (17-29) days for @entity2725 , and median times to maximum response were 106 (85-164) days for @entity25 and 213 (94-279) days for @entity2725 . @entity7510 results among 31 @entity1 initially randomized to placebo were consistent with those treated with SXB throughout, but with longer times to maximum response. Conclusions: Response onset, assessed as clinically meaningful improvements in @entity25 and @entity2725 , was observed in most @entity1 within 2 months; a longer period is needed to achieve maximum response. Clinicians should recognize that time to initial and maximum response may take weeks to months.

title: Time to Response with Sodium Oxybate for the Treatment of @entity25 ( XXXX ) and Cataplexy in @entity1 with @entity2724 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2725 :: ('MESH:D002385', 'Disease') :: ['cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['EDS']


abstract: Study Objectives: This post hoc analysis evaluated the time to response that can be expected with sodium oxybate (SXB) for treatment of @entity25 and @entity2725 in @entity1 with @entity2724 . Methods: Data were from a 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial ( @entity9091 ; N = 136) of oral SXB 3 g, 6 g, and 9 g nightly, and its 12-month open-label extension ( @entity7510 ). Two response definitions were utilized: >= 20% improvement in ESS score ( @entity25 responders), and >= 50% reduction in weekly @entity2725 attacks ( @entity2725 responders). These thresholds were previously determined to be clinically relevant based on analysis of the relationship of Clinical Global Impression of Change with ESS and number of @entity2725 attacks. Kaplan-Meier curves and median times to first response, based on above criteria, and to maximum response were estimated. Results: Among 86 @entity1 randomized to SXB in @entity9091 and continued into @entity7510 , 77.6% and 90.7% were @entity25 and @entity2725 responders, respectively. The median (95% CI) times to first response were 37 (31-50) days for @entity25 and 25 (17-29) days for @entity2725 , and median times to maximum response were 106 (85-164) days for @entity25 and 213 (94-279) days for @entity2725 . @entity7510 results among 31 @entity1 initially randomized to placebo were consistent with those treated with SXB throughout, but with longer times to maximum response. Conclusions: Response onset, assessed as clinically meaningful improvements in @entity25 and @entity2725 , was observed in most @entity1 within 2 months; a longer period is needed to achieve maximum response. Clinicians should recognize that time to initial and maximum response may take weeks to months.

title: Time to Response with Sodium Oxybate for the Treatment of XXXX ( @entity25 ) and Cataplexy in @entity1 with @entity2724 .

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['Excessive Daytime Sleepiness']


abstract: Study Objectives: This post hoc analysis evaluated the time to response that can be expected with sodium oxybate (SXB) for treatment of @entity25 and @entity2725 in @entity1 with @entity2724 . Methods: Data were from a 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial ( @entity9091 ; N = 136) of oral SXB 3 g, 6 g, and 9 g nightly, and its 12-month open-label extension ( @entity7510 ). Two response definitions were utilized: >= 20% improvement in ESS score ( @entity25 responders), and >= 50% reduction in weekly @entity2725 attacks ( @entity2725 responders). These thresholds were previously determined to be clinically relevant based on analysis of the relationship of Clinical Global Impression of Change with ESS and number of @entity2725 attacks. Kaplan-Meier curves and median times to first response, based on above criteria, and to maximum response were estimated. Results: Among 86 @entity1 randomized to SXB in @entity9091 and continued into @entity7510 , 77.6% and 90.7% were @entity25 and @entity2725 responders, respectively. The median (95% CI) times to first response were 37 (31-50) days for @entity25 and 25 (17-29) days for @entity2725 , and median times to maximum response were 106 (85-164) days for @entity25 and 213 (94-279) days for @entity2725 . @entity7510 results among 31 @entity1 initially randomized to placebo were consistent with those treated with SXB throughout, but with longer times to maximum response. Conclusions: Response onset, assessed as clinically meaningful improvements in @entity25 and @entity2725 , was observed in most @entity1 within 2 months; a longer period is needed to achieve maximum response. Clinicians should recognize that time to initial and maximum response may take weeks to months.

title: Time to Response with Sodium Oxybate for the Treatment of @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and Cataplexy in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['Narcolepsy']


abstract: Study Objectives: This post hoc analysis evaluated the time to response that can be expected with sodium oxybate (SXB) for treatment of @entity25 and @entity2725 in @entity1 with @entity2724 . Methods: Data were from a 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial ( @entity9091 ; N = 136) of oral SXB 3 g, 6 g, and 9 g nightly, and its 12-month open-label extension ( @entity7510 ). Two response definitions were utilized: >= 20% improvement in ESS score ( @entity25 responders), and >= 50% reduction in weekly @entity2725 attacks ( @entity2725 responders). These thresholds were previously determined to be clinically relevant based on analysis of the relationship of Clinical Global Impression of Change with ESS and number of @entity2725 attacks. Kaplan-Meier curves and median times to first response, based on above criteria, and to maximum response were estimated. Results: Among 86 @entity1 randomized to SXB in @entity9091 and continued into @entity7510 , 77.6% and 90.7% were @entity25 and @entity2725 responders, respectively. The median (95% CI) times to first response were 37 (31-50) days for @entity25 and 25 (17-29) days for @entity2725 , and median times to maximum response were 106 (85-164) days for @entity25 and 213 (94-279) days for @entity2725 . @entity7510 results among 31 @entity1 initially randomized to placebo were consistent with those treated with SXB throughout, but with longer times to maximum response. Conclusions: Response onset, assessed as clinically meaningful improvements in @entity25 and @entity2725 , was observed in most @entity1 within 2 months; a longer period is needed to achieve maximum response. Clinicians should recognize that time to initial and maximum response may take weeks to months.

title: Time to Response with Sodium Oxybate for the Treatment of @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and Cataplexy in XXXX with @entity2724 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1375 in the @entity35 is associated with a decrease in kidney size and weight. We have shown previously that this decrease involves all nephron segments in the cortex and outer medulla and is especially pronounced in the medullary thick ascending limb ( @entity56072 ). Therefore, the present study was undertaken for examination of the effect of @entity1375 on the ultrastructure of the @entity35 @entity56072 . @entity1375 was induced by feeding @entity7083 ( @entity10664 ), 0.5 g/kg of food, for 4 weeks. A second group of animals received @entity10664 plus a daily injection of @entity1955 (T4). A third group was fed a normal diet only and served as control animals. The kidneys were preserved by in vivo perfusion with 3% @entity3584 , and tissue from the inner and outer stripe of the outer medulla was processed for electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant decrease in the cross-sectional area of the @entity56072 in both the inner and outer stripe of the outer medulla in @entity1375 animals. No changes were observed in the surface density of either the apical or basolateral plasma membranes following @entity10664 treatment. However, when calculated per millimeter tubule, there was a significant decrease in the surface area (SL) of both the apical and basolateral plasma membranes of the @entity56072 of @entity1375 animals in comparison with control animals. Simultaneous treatment with T4 prevented the @entity10664 -induced reduction in both tubule cross-sectional area and in the SL of the plasma membrane. These findings suggest that the observed changes in SL of the plasma membrane of the @entity56072 are due to a regulatory role of thyroid hormone in membrane proliferation as well as in cell growth in general.

title: Response of the medullary thick ascending limb to XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity7083 :: ('MESH:D000640', 'Chemical') :: ['aminotriazole']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']