abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested in the literature that raised heart rate in the early period after @entity130 is associated with the development of post-traumatic psychopathology, but little account has been taken of the potential confounding effect of injury severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 154 @entity1 , studied as part of a wider investigation of @entity130 outcomes, was included. Initial heart rate in the accident _ emergency department, and injury severity score and new injury severity scores were recorded. @entity1 completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) as a measure of psychopathology at presentation and again at two- and six-month follow-up. RESULTS: There was no relationship between psychopathology at presentation and initial heart rate or injury severity. Raised heart rate was associated with post-traumatic psychopathology at two months but not at six months. When the potential confounding effect of injury severity was controlled for, there was no independent correlation between heart rate and post-traumatic psychopathology. Injury severity score and new injury severity scores were strongly associated with GHQ-28 caseness. CONCLUSION: Post-traumatic @entity591 is not associated with development of psychopathology, but injury severity is. Previous studies that have suggested a link between @entity591 and development of psychopathology are flawed because they have not considered the confounding effect of severity of injury.

title: If a XXXX @entity1 is tachycardic, should we call for a counsellor?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested in the literature that raised heart rate in the early period after @entity130 is associated with the development of post-traumatic psychopathology, but little account has been taken of the potential confounding effect of injury severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 154 @entity1 , studied as part of a wider investigation of @entity130 outcomes, was included. Initial heart rate in the accident _ emergency department, and injury severity score and new injury severity scores were recorded. @entity1 completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) as a measure of psychopathology at presentation and again at two- and six-month follow-up. RESULTS: There was no relationship between psychopathology at presentation and initial heart rate or injury severity. Raised heart rate was associated with post-traumatic psychopathology at two months but not at six months. When the potential confounding effect of injury severity was controlled for, there was no independent correlation between heart rate and post-traumatic psychopathology. Injury severity score and new injury severity scores were strongly associated with GHQ-28 caseness. CONCLUSION: Post-traumatic @entity591 is not associated with development of psychopathology, but injury severity is. Previous studies that have suggested a link between @entity591 and development of psychopathology are flawed because they have not considered the confounding effect of severity of injury.

title: If a @entity130 XXXX is tachycardic, should we call for a counsellor?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14752 is increasingly recognized in @entity1 with otherwise unexplained @entity75 with @entity302 . Among these, patients with anti- @entity3391 receptor (NMDAR) @entity198 present @entity302 , @entity2414 , and @entity146 symptoms. However, the functional consequences of such autoantibodies are poorly understood. In order to investigate the pathophysiology of this disease, we stereotactically injected either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from three anti-NMDAR @entity198 @entity1 or commercially available anti- @entity6806 into the dentate gyrus of adult female @entity35 . Control animals were injected with either CSF obtained from three @entity302 @entity1 ( @entity7667 , @entity302 , focal @entity6795 ) lacking anti-NMDAR or saline. Intracellular recordings from dentate gyrus granule cells showed a significant reduction of the NMDAR-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (NMDAR-EPSPs) in animals treated with anti-NMDAR. As a consequence of this, action potential firing in these cells by NMDAR-EPSPs was significantly impaired. Long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus was also significantly reduced in @entity35 injected with anti-NMDAR as compared to control animals. This was accompanied by a significantly impaired learning performance in the Morris water maze hidden platform task when the animals had been injected with anti-NMDAR antibody-containing CSF. Our findings suggest that anti-NMDAR lead to reduced NMDAR function in vivo which could contribute to the @entity2414 found in patients with anti-NMDAR @entity198 .

title: Stereotactic injection of cerebrospinal fluid from anti- XXXX receptor @entity198 into @entity35 dentate gyrus impairs @entity3391 receptor function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity14752 :: ('MESH:C535841', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'posttraumatic epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits', 'memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglioma']

answer: @entity3391 :: (D016202,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14752 is increasingly recognized in @entity1 with otherwise unexplained @entity75 with @entity302 . Among these, patients with anti- @entity3391 receptor (NMDAR) @entity198 present @entity302 , @entity2414 , and @entity146 symptoms. However, the functional consequences of such autoantibodies are poorly understood. In order to investigate the pathophysiology of this disease, we stereotactically injected either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from three anti-NMDAR @entity198 @entity1 or commercially available anti- @entity6806 into the dentate gyrus of adult female @entity35 . Control animals were injected with either CSF obtained from three @entity302 @entity1 ( @entity7667 , @entity302 , focal @entity6795 ) lacking anti-NMDAR or saline. Intracellular recordings from dentate gyrus granule cells showed a significant reduction of the NMDAR-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (NMDAR-EPSPs) in animals treated with anti-NMDAR. As a consequence of this, action potential firing in these cells by NMDAR-EPSPs was significantly impaired. Long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus was also significantly reduced in @entity35 injected with anti-NMDAR as compared to control animals. This was accompanied by a significantly impaired learning performance in the Morris water maze hidden platform task when the animals had been injected with anti-NMDAR antibody-containing CSF. Our findings suggest that anti-NMDAR lead to reduced NMDAR function in vivo which could contribute to the @entity2414 found in patients with anti-NMDAR @entity198 .

title: Stereotactic injection of cerebrospinal fluid from anti- @entity3391 receptor @entity198 into @entity35 dentate gyrus impairs XXXX receptor function.

answer: @entity3391 :: (D016202,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14752 is increasingly recognized in @entity1 with otherwise unexplained @entity75 with @entity302 . Among these, patients with anti- @entity3391 receptor (NMDAR) @entity198 present @entity302 , @entity2414 , and @entity146 symptoms. However, the functional consequences of such autoantibodies are poorly understood. In order to investigate the pathophysiology of this disease, we stereotactically injected either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from three anti-NMDAR @entity198 @entity1 or commercially available anti- @entity6806 into the dentate gyrus of adult female @entity35 . Control animals were injected with either CSF obtained from three @entity302 @entity1 ( @entity7667 , @entity302 , focal @entity6795 ) lacking anti-NMDAR or saline. Intracellular recordings from dentate gyrus granule cells showed a significant reduction of the NMDAR-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (NMDAR-EPSPs) in animals treated with anti-NMDAR. As a consequence of this, action potential firing in these cells by NMDAR-EPSPs was significantly impaired. Long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus was also significantly reduced in @entity35 injected with anti-NMDAR as compared to control animals. This was accompanied by a significantly impaired learning performance in the Morris water maze hidden platform task when the animals had been injected with anti-NMDAR antibody-containing CSF. Our findings suggest that anti-NMDAR lead to reduced NMDAR function in vivo which could contribute to the @entity2414 found in patients with anti-NMDAR @entity198 .

title: Stereotactic injection of cerebrospinal fluid from anti- @entity3391 receptor XXXX into @entity35 dentate gyrus impairs @entity3391 receptor function.

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14752 is increasingly recognized in @entity1 with otherwise unexplained @entity75 with @entity302 . Among these, patients with anti- @entity3391 receptor (NMDAR) @entity198 present @entity302 , @entity2414 , and @entity146 symptoms. However, the functional consequences of such autoantibodies are poorly understood. In order to investigate the pathophysiology of this disease, we stereotactically injected either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from three anti-NMDAR @entity198 @entity1 or commercially available anti- @entity6806 into the dentate gyrus of adult female @entity35 . Control animals were injected with either CSF obtained from three @entity302 @entity1 ( @entity7667 , @entity302 , focal @entity6795 ) lacking anti-NMDAR or saline. Intracellular recordings from dentate gyrus granule cells showed a significant reduction of the NMDAR-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (NMDAR-EPSPs) in animals treated with anti-NMDAR. As a consequence of this, action potential firing in these cells by NMDAR-EPSPs was significantly impaired. Long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus was also significantly reduced in @entity35 injected with anti-NMDAR as compared to control animals. This was accompanied by a significantly impaired learning performance in the Morris water maze hidden platform task when the animals had been injected with anti-NMDAR antibody-containing CSF. Our findings suggest that anti-NMDAR lead to reduced NMDAR function in vivo which could contribute to the @entity2414 found in patients with anti-NMDAR @entity198 .

title: Stereotactic injection of cerebrospinal fluid from anti- @entity3391 receptor @entity198 into XXXX dentate gyrus impairs @entity3391 receptor function.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, there has been tremendous interest in the sinus microbiome and how it relates to disease. However, a lack of a standardized sample collection and DNA extraction methods makes comparison of results across studies nearly impossible. Furthermore, current techniques fail to identify which components of the microbiome are actually alive within the host at the time of sampling. OBJECTIVE: To develop and optimize a method to differentiate which bacterial species in the @entity1 sinus microbiome are live versus dead. METHODS: Duplicate samples from the middle meatus of @entity1 with healthy sinus tissue and those @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis were collected by using brushes (n = 12), swabs (n = 27), and tissue biopsy (n = 8) methods. One sample from each pair was either @entity8118 - or control-treated before DNA extraction. The relative bacterial versus @entity1 composition of each sample was determined. @entity44686 ribosomal RNA gene analysis was performed on a six-paired sample from @entity1 with healthy sinus tissue. RESULTS: We found that swabs and brushes collected a higher percentage of bacterial DNA than did tissue biopsy. We also determined that as much as 50% of the bacteria collected in these samples was already dead at the time of collection. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis found significant changes in the relative abundance of taxa identified in the live versus dead bacterial communities of healthy @entity1 sinuses. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that swabs provided the best quality microbiome samples and that a large portion of the bacteria identified in the sinus were @entity8118 sensitive. These results highlighted the need for improved techniques such as those presented here, which can differentiate between living and dead bacteria in a sample, a potentially critical distinction when examining changes in sinus innate immune function because both components play important, but distinct, functions. Further studies will determine how these living and dead bacterial populations shift in different disease states and after clinical intervention.

title: Dead or alive: XXXX sensitive bacteria and implications for the sinus microbiome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity44686 :: ('p|SUB|A|16|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A 16S']

entities_list: @entity8118 :: ('1773', 'Gene') :: ['deoxyribonuclease I']

answer: @entity8118 :: (1773,Gene) :: ['Deoxyribonuclease I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The strategy for treating @entity1 with severe asymptomatic @entity543 and @entity299 remains unresolved. Staged or combined carotid endarterectomy in these @entity1 offers the potential benefit of decreased @entity16 during and after cardiac surgery; however, in high-risk @entity1 with severe @entity453 , @entity1030 , or @entity8 , the incidence of @entity204 and @entity64 is significantly higher. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report the results of a prospective, single-center study designed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) before cardiac surgery in neurologically asymptomatic @entity1 . The periprocedural and long-term outcomes of 356 consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity2998 before cardiac surgery were analyzed. The procedural success rate of @entity2998 was 97.7%. The @entity204 and @entity64 rate from time of @entity2998 to 30 days after cardiac surgery was 4.8% (n=17). The @entity583 rate from time of @entity2998 to 30 days after cardiac surgery was 2.0% (n=7), and the combined @entity204 , @entity64 , and @entity583 rate was 6.7% (n=24). Distal embolic protection devices were used in 40% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: This large cohort of asymptomatic @entity1 who underwent staged @entity2998 and cardiac surgery experienced a low periprocedural complication rate. The high rate of freedom from @entity204 and @entity64 during the 5 years of follow-up supports the long-term durability of this approach. Our findings suggest that this new strategy may become a valuable alternative in the treatment of @entity1 with combined carotid and @entity299 .

title: Staged carotid angioplasty and stenting followed by cardiac surgery in @entity1 with severe asymptomatic XXXX : early and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery angioplasty and stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The strategy for treating @entity1 with severe asymptomatic @entity543 and @entity299 remains unresolved. Staged or combined carotid endarterectomy in these @entity1 offers the potential benefit of decreased @entity16 during and after cardiac surgery; however, in high-risk @entity1 with severe @entity453 , @entity1030 , or @entity8 , the incidence of @entity204 and @entity64 is significantly higher. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report the results of a prospective, single-center study designed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) before cardiac surgery in neurologically asymptomatic @entity1 . The periprocedural and long-term outcomes of 356 consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity2998 before cardiac surgery were analyzed. The procedural success rate of @entity2998 was 97.7%. The @entity204 and @entity64 rate from time of @entity2998 to 30 days after cardiac surgery was 4.8% (n=17). The @entity583 rate from time of @entity2998 to 30 days after cardiac surgery was 2.0% (n=7), and the combined @entity204 , @entity64 , and @entity583 rate was 6.7% (n=24). Distal embolic protection devices were used in 40% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: This large cohort of asymptomatic @entity1 who underwent staged @entity2998 and cardiac surgery experienced a low periprocedural complication rate. The high rate of freedom from @entity204 and @entity64 during the 5 years of follow-up supports the long-term durability of this approach. Our findings suggest that this new strategy may become a valuable alternative in the treatment of @entity1 with combined carotid and @entity299 .

title: Staged carotid angioplasty and stenting followed by cardiac surgery in XXXX with severe asymptomatic @entity543 : early and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Invasive @entity1137 (IDC and ILC) are the two most common histological types of @entity0 , and have been considered to develop from terminal duct lobular unit but their molecular, pathological, and clinical features are markedly different between them. These differences could be due to different mechanisms of carcinogenesis and @entity5 microenvironment, especially @entity5 -associated fibroblasts (CAFs) but little has been explored in this aspect. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the status of angiogenesis, maturation of intratumoral microvessels, and proliferation of CAFs using immunohistochemistry and PCR array analysis to explore the differences of @entity5 microenvironment between ILC and IDC. We studied grade- and age-matched, luminal-like ILC and IDC. We immunolocalized @entity2280 and aSMA for an evaluation of CAFs and @entity2279 , @entity28079 , a specific marker of proliferative endothelial cells and nestin, a marker of pericytes for studying the status of proliferation and maturation of intratumoral microvessel. We also performed PCR array analysis to evaluate angiogenic factors in @entity5 stromal components. The number of CAFs, microvessel density, and @entity28079 / @entity2279 positive ratio were all significantly higher in ILC than IDC but nestin immunoreactivity in intratumoral microvessel was significantly lower in ILC. These results did indicate that proliferation of CAFs and endothelial cells was more pronounced in ILC than IDC but newly formed microvessels were less mature than those in IDC. PCR array analysis also revealed that @entity442 expression was higher in ILC than IDC. This is the first study to demonstrate the differences of @entity5 microenvironment including CAFs and proliferation and maturation of intratumoral vessels between ILC and IDC.

title: Tumor microenvironment in XXXX : possible therapeutic targets.

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['ductal and lobular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1137 :: (MESH:D018275,Disease) :: ['invasive lobular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the regional brain activities in @entity1 with chronic @entity22 (PCPIs) and their sex differences. METHODS: Forty-two PCPIs (27 females, 15 males) and 42 @entity25 ( @entity25 ; 24 females, 18 males) were recruited. Six PCPIs (3 males, 3 females) were scanned twice by MRI to examine the test-retest reliability. @entity4365 ( @entity4365 ) method was used to assess the local brain features. The mean signal values of the different @entity4365 areas were analyzed with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between clinical features and different brain areas. RESULTS: Both female and male PCPIs showed higher @entity4365 in the temporal lobe and occipital lobe, especially in female PCPIs. Female PCPIs had lower @entity4365 in the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and bilateral limbic lobe; however, male PCPIs showed lower @entity4365 in the left occipital gyrus. The mean signal value of the cerebellum in female PCPIs showed negative correlations with negative emotions. Compared with male PCPIs, female PCPIs showed higher @entity4365 in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus and lower @entity4365 in the left limbic lobe. The different areas showed high test-retest stability (Clusters of contiguous volumes >= 1080 mm3 with an intraclass correlation coefficient >= 0.80) and high degree of sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Female PCPIs showed more regional brain differences with higher and lower @entity4365 responses than male PCPIs. However, they shared analogous excessive hyperarousal mechanism and wide variations in aberrant brain areas.

title: Gender Differences in Regional Brain Activity in @entity1 with XXXX : Evidence from a Resting-State fMRI Study.

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['good sleepers', 'GSs']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['Amplitude of low frequency fluctuation', 'ALFF']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['primary insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['Chronic Primary Insomnia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the regional brain activities in @entity1 with chronic @entity22 (PCPIs) and their sex differences. METHODS: Forty-two PCPIs (27 females, 15 males) and 42 @entity25 ( @entity25 ; 24 females, 18 males) were recruited. Six PCPIs (3 males, 3 females) were scanned twice by MRI to examine the test-retest reliability. @entity4365 ( @entity4365 ) method was used to assess the local brain features. The mean signal values of the different @entity4365 areas were analyzed with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between clinical features and different brain areas. RESULTS: Both female and male PCPIs showed higher @entity4365 in the temporal lobe and occipital lobe, especially in female PCPIs. Female PCPIs had lower @entity4365 in the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and bilateral limbic lobe; however, male PCPIs showed lower @entity4365 in the left occipital gyrus. The mean signal value of the cerebellum in female PCPIs showed negative correlations with negative emotions. Compared with male PCPIs, female PCPIs showed higher @entity4365 in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus and lower @entity4365 in the left limbic lobe. The different areas showed high test-retest stability (Clusters of contiguous volumes >= 1080 mm3 with an intraclass correlation coefficient >= 0.80) and high degree of sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Female PCPIs showed more regional brain differences with higher and lower @entity4365 responses than male PCPIs. However, they shared analogous excessive hyperarousal mechanism and wide variations in aberrant brain areas.

title: Gender Differences in Regional Brain Activity in XXXX with @entity22 : Evidence from a Resting-State fMRI Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity285 misuse imposes substantial harm on Indigenous Australians whose health status is poorer than non-Indigenous Australians. Although Indigenous youth are over represented in Indigenous @entity285 harms, few interventions addressing @entity285 -related harm among Indigenous youth have been evaluated. Given this paucity of evidence, a survey was designed to evaluate the effects of a whole-of-community, anti-binge drinking intervention for young @entity1 in an Indigenous community in far north Queensland, Australia. METHODS: A cross sectional, baseline-post intervention study assessed the impact of a two year anti-binge drinking intervention targeting young @entity1 (18-24 years). A survey was developed and implemented at baseline and again two-years post-intervention, administered by young local @entity1 employed as research assistants. Survey respondents were recruited through snowballing techniques. Survey items asked about respondents' knowledge of binge drinking and standard drinks, involvement in @entity285 -free social activities, frequency of short-term risky drinking (binge drinking), and mean @entity285 expenditure during short-term risky drinking occasions. The intervention was called Beat da Binge. Two major events and multiple minor activities each year were implemented, focusing on drinking education, @entity285 -free community-wide social events, and youth-specific sporting and social activities to facilitate self-empowerment. RESULTS: Beat da Binge was associated with a statistically significant 10 % reduction in the proportion of survey respondents who reported that they had engaged in an episode of short-term risky drinking, in the frequency of short-term risky drinking for all beverage types except wine (ranging from 4 % to 31 % reductions), in mean expenditure on @entity285 during short-term risky drinking sessions ( 6.25) and in the proportion of activities with family/friends that usually include @entity285 (7 %). There were also statistically significant increases in awareness of binge drinking and standard drinks (28 % and 21 % respectively). In addition to @entity285 -specific outcomes, there was a statistically significant 8 % increase in the proportions of respondents engaged in training as their main weekday activity, which was partly off-set by a 13 % reduction in those whose main weekday activity was family care or home-related tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in the proportion of survey respondents who reported binge drinking, along with increases in awareness and involvement in @entity285 -free social activities suggest the community-based intervention was effective. The potential impact of sample selection and self-reporting limitations on results need further investigation. There is an urgent need for Indigenous, community-driven public health programs that are well evaluated to both improve Indigenous health and the strength of the current evidence base to inform future community interventions.

title: The impact of a community-based risky drinking intervention (Beat da Binge) on Indigenous young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The beneficial effects of @entity6950 in the treatment of severe @entity295 , @entity326 , and @entity295 -associated disseminated @entity5642 (DIC) have recently been reported. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits of @entity6950 in these conditions have not yet been clearly elucidated. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of @entity6950 of neutralizing histone @entity137 . METHODS: @entity35 models of histone H3-induced @entity881 were administered in a low or high dose of unfractionated @entity6950 (UFH), low-molecular-weight @entity6950 (LMWH), or @entity20806 , and the therapeutic effects of each anticoagulant were examined. In another series, the survival of the histone H3-administered animals was evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of each of the aforementioned anticoagulants on cell death induced by histone H3 was examined in cultured vascular endothelial cells and leukocytes. RESULTS: Although UFH, LMWH, and @entity20806 significantly suppressed the histone-induced decrease of the WBC and platelet counts in the animal models of @entity881 , only UFH and LMWH attenuated @entity8 . In addition, the mortality was significantly reduced only by high-dose UFH and LMWH. The in vitro study revealed that both vascular endothelial cell death and leukocyte cell death were significantly attenuated by UFH and LMWH but not by @entity20806 . CONCLUSIONS: The histone-neutralizing effect of @entity6950 may contribute to the beneficial effects of heparins observed in the animal study. The results of the in vitro study further confirmed the above contention and suggested that @entity6950 binds to histones to attenuate the cytotoxic actions of the latter. Since @entity6950 has been demonstrated to protect animals from the organ damage induced by histones and consequently reduce the mortality, administration of @entity6950 could become a treatment of choice for @entity1 suffering from severe @entity295 .

title: Heparins attenuated histone-mediated XXXX in vitro and improved the survival in a @entity35 model of histone-induced @entity881 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic and renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity20806 :: ('MESH:C031942', 'Chemical') :: ['argatroban']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The beneficial effects of @entity6950 in the treatment of severe @entity295 , @entity326 , and @entity295 -associated disseminated @entity5642 (DIC) have recently been reported. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits of @entity6950 in these conditions have not yet been clearly elucidated. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of @entity6950 of neutralizing histone @entity137 . METHODS: @entity35 models of histone H3-induced @entity881 were administered in a low or high dose of unfractionated @entity6950 (UFH), low-molecular-weight @entity6950 (LMWH), or @entity20806 , and the therapeutic effects of each anticoagulant were examined. In another series, the survival of the histone H3-administered animals was evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of each of the aforementioned anticoagulants on cell death induced by histone H3 was examined in cultured vascular endothelial cells and leukocytes. RESULTS: Although UFH, LMWH, and @entity20806 significantly suppressed the histone-induced decrease of the WBC and platelet counts in the animal models of @entity881 , only UFH and LMWH attenuated @entity8 . In addition, the mortality was significantly reduced only by high-dose UFH and LMWH. The in vitro study revealed that both vascular endothelial cell death and leukocyte cell death were significantly attenuated by UFH and LMWH but not by @entity20806 . CONCLUSIONS: The histone-neutralizing effect of @entity6950 may contribute to the beneficial effects of heparins observed in the animal study. The results of the in vitro study further confirmed the above contention and suggested that @entity6950 binds to histones to attenuate the cytotoxic actions of the latter. Since @entity6950 has been demonstrated to protect animals from the organ damage induced by histones and consequently reduce the mortality, administration of @entity6950 could become a treatment of choice for @entity1 suffering from severe @entity295 .

title: Heparins attenuated histone-mediated @entity137 in vitro and improved the survival in a @entity35 model of histone-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['organ dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The beneficial effects of @entity6950 in the treatment of severe @entity295 , @entity326 , and @entity295 -associated disseminated @entity5642 (DIC) have recently been reported. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits of @entity6950 in these conditions have not yet been clearly elucidated. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of @entity6950 of neutralizing histone @entity137 . METHODS: @entity35 models of histone H3-induced @entity881 were administered in a low or high dose of unfractionated @entity6950 (UFH), low-molecular-weight @entity6950 (LMWH), or @entity20806 , and the therapeutic effects of each anticoagulant were examined. In another series, the survival of the histone H3-administered animals was evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of each of the aforementioned anticoagulants on cell death induced by histone H3 was examined in cultured vascular endothelial cells and leukocytes. RESULTS: Although UFH, LMWH, and @entity20806 significantly suppressed the histone-induced decrease of the WBC and platelet counts in the animal models of @entity881 , only UFH and LMWH attenuated @entity8 . In addition, the mortality was significantly reduced only by high-dose UFH and LMWH. The in vitro study revealed that both vascular endothelial cell death and leukocyte cell death were significantly attenuated by UFH and LMWH but not by @entity20806 . CONCLUSIONS: The histone-neutralizing effect of @entity6950 may contribute to the beneficial effects of heparins observed in the animal study. The results of the in vitro study further confirmed the above contention and suggested that @entity6950 binds to histones to attenuate the cytotoxic actions of the latter. Since @entity6950 has been demonstrated to protect animals from the organ damage induced by histones and consequently reduce the mortality, administration of @entity6950 could become a treatment of choice for @entity1 suffering from severe @entity295 .

title: Heparins attenuated histone-mediated @entity137 in vitro and improved the survival in a XXXX model of histone-induced @entity881 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity70803 pyrophosphorylase (GMPase) catalyzes the synthesis of @entity70803 , which is a precursor for @entity620 ( @entity7943 ) synthesis in plants. The @entity579 genome encodes three GMPase homologs OsVTC1-1, OsVTC1-3 and OsVTC1-8, but their roles in @entity7943 synthesis are unclear. The overexpression of OsVTC1-1 or OsVTC1-3 restored the @entity7943 synthesis of @entity27965 -1 in @entity958 , while that of OsVTC1-8 did not, indicating that only OsVTC1-1 and OsVTC1-3 are involved in @entity7943 synthesis in @entity579 . Similar to @entity958 @entity27965 , the expression of OsVTC1-1 was high in leaves, induced by light, and inhibited by dark. Unlike OsVTC1-1, the expression level of OsVTC1-3 was high in roots and quickly induced by the dark, while the transcription level of OsVTC1-8 did not show obvious changes under constant light or dark treatments. In OsVTC1-1 RNAi plants, the @entity7943 content of @entity579 leaves decreased, and the @entity7943 production induced by light was limited. In contrast, OsVTC1-3 RNAi lines altered @entity7943 synthesis levels in @entity579 roots, but not in the leaves or under the light/dark treatment. The enzyme activity showed that OsVTC1-1 and OsVTC1-3 had higher GMPase activities than OsVTC1-8 in vitro. Our data showed that, unlike in @entity958 , the @entity579 GPMase homologous proteins illustrated a new model in @entity7943 synthesis: OsVTC1-1 may be involved in the @entity7943 synthesis, which takes place in leaves, while OsVTC1-3 may be responsible for @entity7943 synthesis in roots. The different roles of @entity579 GMPase homologous proteins in @entity7943 synthesis may be due to their differences in transcript levels and enzyme activities.

title: @entity579 GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase OsVTC1-1 and OsVTC1-3 play different roles in XXXX synthesis.

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity70803 :: ('CHEBI:15820', 'Chemical') :: ['GDP-D-mannose']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['ascorbic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity70803 pyrophosphorylase (GMPase) catalyzes the synthesis of @entity70803 , which is a precursor for @entity620 ( @entity7943 ) synthesis in plants. The @entity579 genome encodes three GMPase homologs OsVTC1-1, OsVTC1-3 and OsVTC1-8, but their roles in @entity7943 synthesis are unclear. The overexpression of OsVTC1-1 or OsVTC1-3 restored the @entity7943 synthesis of @entity27965 -1 in @entity958 , while that of OsVTC1-8 did not, indicating that only OsVTC1-1 and OsVTC1-3 are involved in @entity7943 synthesis in @entity579 . Similar to @entity958 @entity27965 , the expression of OsVTC1-1 was high in leaves, induced by light, and inhibited by dark. Unlike OsVTC1-1, the expression level of OsVTC1-3 was high in roots and quickly induced by the dark, while the transcription level of OsVTC1-8 did not show obvious changes under constant light or dark treatments. In OsVTC1-1 RNAi plants, the @entity7943 content of @entity579 leaves decreased, and the @entity7943 production induced by light was limited. In contrast, OsVTC1-3 RNAi lines altered @entity7943 synthesis levels in @entity579 roots, but not in the leaves or under the light/dark treatment. The enzyme activity showed that OsVTC1-1 and OsVTC1-3 had higher GMPase activities than OsVTC1-8 in vitro. Our data showed that, unlike in @entity958 , the @entity579 GPMase homologous proteins illustrated a new model in @entity7943 synthesis: OsVTC1-1 may be involved in the @entity7943 synthesis, which takes place in leaves, while OsVTC1-3 may be responsible for @entity7943 synthesis in roots. The different roles of @entity579 GMPase homologous proteins in @entity7943 synthesis may be due to their differences in transcript levels and enzyme activities.

title: XXXX GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase OsVTC1-1 and OsVTC1-3 play different roles in @entity620 synthesis.

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['Rice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity64 associated with aortic arch @entity1856 is proportional to plaque thickness, the accurate measurement of which may influence future therapeutic decisions. Transesophageal echocardiography is the procedure of choice for plaque measurement. This study examines the reproducibility of such measurements within the context of the Aortic Arch Related Cerebral Hazard Trial of antithrombotic therapy. METHODS: Atheroma images were remeasured by 3 independent blinded observers of varying expertise. Intraobserver and interobserver variability were calculated using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient ( @entity33760 ), the Bland-Altman method, and the kappa statistic. RESULTS: A total of 160 images were obtained from 96 @entity1 (68% male; mean age 74 +/- 9 years). Mean plaque thickness was 5.1 +/- 2.3 mm, range 1.2 to 19.3 mm. For intraobserver variability, @entity33760 = 0.95, mean difference = 0.01 mm, and kappa = 0.71. For interobserver variability, @entity33760 ranged from 0.80 to 0.91; mean difference was 0.13 to 0.48 mm; and kappa was 0.61 to 0.69. By all statistical methods, agreement was at least substantial, although lower at greater plaque thicknesses. For the clinically relevant 4 mm, agreement was 84% to 88%. CONCLUSIONS: Transesophageal echocardiography measurement of aortic plaque is substantially reproducible across a range of observer experience and, thus, is a widely applicable, adequately reliable tool for clinical and research purposes.

title: Intraobserver and interobserver variability of transesophageal echocardiography in aortic arch XXXX measurement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1856 :: (MESH:D058226,Disease) :: ['atheroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe long term outcomes of @entity3069 complex (MAC) immune reconstitution @entity32 (IRIS). METHODS: Cases of MAC IRIS were retrospectively identified at four @entity645 clinics (Michigan, Maryland, Rhode Island, and Indiana) from 1996-2004. @entity1 were included if they were initially diagnosed with @entity791 and found to have evidence of focal MAC infection documented by tissue culture or PCR after initiating HAART, and at least 6 months of follow up. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity1 included, the mean age was 40 years, mean @entity404 cell count was 24/mm3 at pretreatment baseline and 100/mm3 at time of MAC IRIS diagnosis. Sites of disease included lymph nodes (15 @entity1 [8 peripheral, 8 abdominal and 1 peripheral and abdominal]), gastrointestinal tract (7) and liver (3). Sixteen @entity1 (80%) responded to treatment and were disease free after a mean of 17.4 months of therapy for MAC IRIS; IRIS therapy was withdrawn in 6 without relapse. Four @entity1 (non-responder group) had persistent or relapsing disease despite 27 months of ongoing MAC IRIS treatment. At the time of resolution or last follow-up, the mean @entity404 cell count and viral load was 143/mm3 and 7,000 c/mL for responders, and 65/mm3 and 17,000 c/mL for non-responders, respectively. Most @entity1 with peripheral adenopathy were responders (7/8; 88%); many with abdominal adenopathy (4/8; 50%) were nonresponders. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity1 with MAC IRIS eventually responded to treatment. Our sample size was not adequate to perform statistical analysis, but there was a tendency towards adequate @entity404 response to HAART and peripheral rather than intraabdominal adenopathy among responders.

title: XXXX complex immune reconstitution @entity32 : long term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe long term outcomes of @entity3069 complex (MAC) immune reconstitution @entity32 (IRIS). METHODS: Cases of MAC IRIS were retrospectively identified at four @entity645 clinics (Michigan, Maryland, Rhode Island, and Indiana) from 1996-2004. @entity1 were included if they were initially diagnosed with @entity791 and found to have evidence of focal MAC infection documented by tissue culture or PCR after initiating HAART, and at least 6 months of follow up. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity1 included, the mean age was 40 years, mean @entity404 cell count was 24/mm3 at pretreatment baseline and 100/mm3 at time of MAC IRIS diagnosis. Sites of disease included lymph nodes (15 @entity1 [8 peripheral, 8 abdominal and 1 peripheral and abdominal]), gastrointestinal tract (7) and liver (3). Sixteen @entity1 (80%) responded to treatment and were disease free after a mean of 17.4 months of therapy for MAC IRIS; IRIS therapy was withdrawn in 6 without relapse. Four @entity1 (non-responder group) had persistent or relapsing disease despite 27 months of ongoing MAC IRIS treatment. At the time of resolution or last follow-up, the mean @entity404 cell count and viral load was 143/mm3 and 7,000 c/mL for responders, and 65/mm3 and 17,000 c/mL for non-responders, respectively. Most @entity1 with peripheral adenopathy were responders (7/8; 88%); many with abdominal adenopathy (4/8; 50%) were nonresponders. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity1 with MAC IRIS eventually responded to treatment. Our sample size was not adequate to perform statistical analysis, but there was a tendency towards adequate @entity404 response to HAART and peripheral rather than intraabdominal adenopathy among responders.

title: @entity3069 complex immune reconstitution XXXX : long term outcomes.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To treat advanced @entity712 due to @entity1000 , surgical ventricular restoration with mitral reconstruction was conducted and evaluated. METHODS: In 95 @entity1 (81 @entity1 , mean age: 54 years), New York Heart Association class III/IV was 44/51, and 33 @entity1 (36%) were inotropic dependent preoperatively. @entity339 (>or=2+) was noted in all @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent left ventriculoplasty (septal anterior ventricular exclusion in 38, partial left ventriculectomy in 57) and mitral reconstruction (repair 53, replacement 42). Fifty-two @entity1 (55%) had concomitant tricuspid repair. Intra-aortic balloon pumping and left ventricular assist device was used in 24 @entity1 and two @entity1 , respectively. RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 11.6% (11 of 95), with 6.6% (5 of 76) in elective and 31.6% (6 of 19) in emergency operations. The ejection fraction and cardiac index increased from 22.3+/-6.3% to 27.2+/-8.0% and from 2.3+/-0.5 ml/m2/min to 2.8+/-0.5 ml/m2/min, respectively (p<0.001). The endodiastolic volume index, endosystolic volume index and diastolic dimension decreased from 232.9+/-56.1 ml/m2 to 160.0+/-49.8 ml/m2, from 178.9+/-46.7 ml/m2 to 113.8+/-44.7 ml/m2 and from 82.0+/-9.0 mm to 68.9+/-11.6 mm, respectively (p<0.001). Late @entity204 occurred in 27 @entity1 with 22 @entity204 . The mean NYHA class was 1.7 among the survivors. One-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 72.8%, 61.4% and 50.5%, respectively. In the 62 @entity1 who were non-inotropic dependent preoperatively, 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates (81.8%, 73.7% and 62.9%) were significantly better than the inotropic-dependent group (55.3%, 37.3% and 28.0%). @entity1 with mitral annuloplasty showed a significantly higher 5-year survival rate than @entity1 with mitral valve replacement (59.6% vs 43.6%) in univariate analysis. By application of the exclusion site selection method, the two different ventriculoplasty procedures did not show significant difference in survival rates. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative inotropes and old age were significant predictors for postoperative mortality. CONCLUSION: The selected ventriculoplasty in combination with mitral annuloplasty is a useful option for @entity1 with an extremely dilated @entity5707 in @entity1000 . Surgery should be considered before inotropic dependency occurs when prior medical treatment has failed.

title: Selected ventriculoplasty for XXXX with advanced @entity712 : midterm results and risk analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricle']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity1000 :: (MESH:C536277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To treat advanced @entity712 due to @entity1000 , surgical ventricular restoration with mitral reconstruction was conducted and evaluated. METHODS: In 95 @entity1 (81 @entity1 , mean age: 54 years), New York Heart Association class III/IV was 44/51, and 33 @entity1 (36%) were inotropic dependent preoperatively. @entity339 (>or=2+) was noted in all @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent left ventriculoplasty (septal anterior ventricular exclusion in 38, partial left ventriculectomy in 57) and mitral reconstruction (repair 53, replacement 42). Fifty-two @entity1 (55%) had concomitant tricuspid repair. Intra-aortic balloon pumping and left ventricular assist device was used in 24 @entity1 and two @entity1 , respectively. RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 11.6% (11 of 95), with 6.6% (5 of 76) in elective and 31.6% (6 of 19) in emergency operations. The ejection fraction and cardiac index increased from 22.3+/-6.3% to 27.2+/-8.0% and from 2.3+/-0.5 ml/m2/min to 2.8+/-0.5 ml/m2/min, respectively (p<0.001). The endodiastolic volume index, endosystolic volume index and diastolic dimension decreased from 232.9+/-56.1 ml/m2 to 160.0+/-49.8 ml/m2, from 178.9+/-46.7 ml/m2 to 113.8+/-44.7 ml/m2 and from 82.0+/-9.0 mm to 68.9+/-11.6 mm, respectively (p<0.001). Late @entity204 occurred in 27 @entity1 with 22 @entity204 . The mean NYHA class was 1.7 among the survivors. One-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 72.8%, 61.4% and 50.5%, respectively. In the 62 @entity1 who were non-inotropic dependent preoperatively, 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates (81.8%, 73.7% and 62.9%) were significantly better than the inotropic-dependent group (55.3%, 37.3% and 28.0%). @entity1 with mitral annuloplasty showed a significantly higher 5-year survival rate than @entity1 with mitral valve replacement (59.6% vs 43.6%) in univariate analysis. By application of the exclusion site selection method, the two different ventriculoplasty procedures did not show significant difference in survival rates. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative inotropes and old age were significant predictors for postoperative mortality. CONCLUSION: The selected ventriculoplasty in combination with mitral annuloplasty is a useful option for @entity1 with an extremely dilated @entity5707 in @entity1000 . Surgery should be considered before inotropic dependency occurs when prior medical treatment has failed.

title: Selected ventriculoplasty for @entity1000 with advanced XXXX : midterm results and risk analysis.

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, the survival of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) has been prolonged with improvements in various diagnostic tools and medical treatment modalities. Consequently, spine @entity3 from @entity157 are being diagnosed more frequently. The accurate prediction of prognosis plays a critical role in determining a @entity1 's treatment plan, including surgery for @entity1 with spinal @entity3 of @entity157 . We investigated the clinical features, surgical outcomes, and prognostic factors of @entity157 presenting with spine @entity3 , in @entity1 who underwent surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 33 @entity157 @entity1 who underwent 36 operations (three @entity1 underwent surgical treatment twice) from February 2006 to December 2013. The median age of the @entity1 was 56 years old (range, 28 to 71; male : female=30 : 3). RESULTS: Overall survival was not correlated with age, sex, level of @entity3 , preoperative @entity1 -Pugh classification, preoperative ambulatory function, preoperative radiotherapy, type of operation, administration of @entity2857 , or the Tokuhashi scoring system. Only the Tomita scoring system was shown to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Comparing the @entity1 -Pugh classification and ambulatory ability, there were no statistically differences between @entity1 pre- and post-operatively. CONCLUSION: The Tomita scoring system represents a practicable and highly predictive prognostic tool. Even though surgical intervention may not restore ambulatory function, it should be considered to prevent deterioration of the @entity1 's overall condition. Additionally, aggressive management may be needed if there is any ambulatory ability remaining.

title: Survival-Related Factors of Spinal Metastasis with XXXX in Current Surgical Treatment Modalities : A Single Institute Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For @entity263 , treatment options include external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), radical prostatectomy (RP), and brachytherapy (BT). @entity323 ( @entity323 ) is a common side-effect. Our aim was to evaluate penile @entity323 ( @entity323 ) before and after BT, EBRT, or RP using a validated self-administered quality-of-life survey from a prospective registry. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis included 478 @entity1 undergoing RP (n   =   252), EBRT (n   =   91), and BT (n   =   135) with at least 1 year of follow-up and @entity323 documented using IIEF-5 scores at baseline, 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and annually thereafter. RESULTS: Differences among treatments were most pronounced among @entity1 with no or mild initial @entity323 (IIEF-5   >=    17). Overall, corrected for baseline @entity323 and age, BT was associated with higher IIEF-5 scores than RP (+   7.8 IIEF-5 score) or EBRT (+   3.1 IIEF-5 score). EBRT was associated with better IIEF-5 scores than RP (+   4.7 IIEF-5 score). In @entity1 undergoing EBRT or RP with bilateral nerve sparing (NS), recovery of @entity323 was observed and during follow-up, the differences to BT were not statistically significant. Overall age had a negative impact on @entity323 preservation (corrected for baseline IIEF). CONCLUSION: In our series, @entity323 was adversely affected by each treatment modality. Considered overall, BT provided the best @entity323 preservation in comparison to EBRT or RP.

title: Erectile function following brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy, or radical prostatectomy in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Erectile dysfunction', 'EF', 'erectile function', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For @entity263 , treatment options include external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), radical prostatectomy (RP), and brachytherapy (BT). @entity323 ( @entity323 ) is a common side-effect. Our aim was to evaluate penile @entity323 ( @entity323 ) before and after BT, EBRT, or RP using a validated self-administered quality-of-life survey from a prospective registry. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis included 478 @entity1 undergoing RP (n   =   252), EBRT (n   =   91), and BT (n   =   135) with at least 1 year of follow-up and @entity323 documented using IIEF-5 scores at baseline, 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and annually thereafter. RESULTS: Differences among treatments were most pronounced among @entity1 with no or mild initial @entity323 (IIEF-5   >=    17). Overall, corrected for baseline @entity323 and age, BT was associated with higher IIEF-5 scores than RP (+   7.8 IIEF-5 score) or EBRT (+   3.1 IIEF-5 score). EBRT was associated with better IIEF-5 scores than RP (+   4.7 IIEF-5 score). In @entity1 undergoing EBRT or RP with bilateral nerve sparing (NS), recovery of @entity323 was observed and during follow-up, the differences to BT were not statistically significant. Overall age had a negative impact on @entity323 preservation (corrected for baseline IIEF). CONCLUSION: In our series, @entity323 was adversely affected by each treatment modality. Considered overall, BT provided the best @entity323 preservation in comparison to EBRT or RP.

title: Erectile function following brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy, or radical prostatectomy in @entity263 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and functional outcome following the reconstruction of chronic @entity397 using the contralateral bone-tendon-bone (BTB) autograft. METHODS: The records of seven @entity1 who underwent reconstruction of chronic @entity397 with contralateral patellar BTB were retrospectively reviewed. Chronic tears were defined as a minimum of 3  months from injury to initial clinical evaluation. Clinical assessments included range of motion of the knee, Tegner, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and a radiographic analysis of patellar height (Caton-Deschamps index). @entity260 and @entity121 strength at last follow-up were reported. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 undergoing surgery was 33 (  10.5) years with a mean follow-up of 41.3 (  29.7) months. Reconstruction surgery was performed at an average of 16  months (3-60  months) after the injury. 86  % of the @entity1 had a normal patella height with mean of patellar height of 1.5 (  0.2) in preoperative radiographs and of 1.2 (  0.07) on postoperative evaluation (p  =  0.0136). The mean IKDC was 45.5 (  10.8) before surgery and 64.5 (  12.4) at the last follow-up (p  =  0.0001), and Lysholm score was 45.4 (  11.3) and 79 (  11.8), respectively (p  =  0.0001). The median Tegner activity scale preinjury was 6 (range 5-7), preoperatively was 1 (range 1-2) and 4 (range 2-5) postoperatively (p  =  0.0001). All @entity1 had @entity121 wasting with a difference in thigh girth between the injured side and healthy side of 3.6      0.7  cm (ns). No surgical complications were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: In this limited cohort, surgical reconstruction of chronic @entity397 using contralateral bone-tendon-bone graft was a safe and viable option that improves clinical and functional outcomes compared to presurgical function. However, despite the restoration of a normal patellar height, function did not return to preinjury level.

title: Reconstruction of chronic XXXX with contralateral bone-tendon-bone autograft.

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['patellar tendon rupture', 'patellar tendon ruptures']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['patellar tendon rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few reports comparing the variety and frequency of @entity260 between @entity1 with a major clinical leak requiring emergency abdominal reoperation and those with a minor leak diagnosed from clinical signs and managed expectantly without reoperation. This study examined the association between severity of leakage and 18 other @entity260 , @entity86 , and length of postoperative hospital stay. STUDY DESIGN: Data were drawn from a comprehensive, prospective hospital registry of 1,507 @entity14 resections involving an anastomosis from January 1995 to December 2006. Differences were evaluated by two-tailed Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Leaks occurred in 54 @entity1 (3.6%; 95% CI, 2.7% to 4.7%), comprising 21 major (1.4%; 95% CI, 0.9% to 2.1%) and 33 minor leaks (2.2%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 3.2%). @entity1 with a leak were significantly (p < 0.01) more likely than those without to have 11 of 18 other surgical and medical complications considered, although with few differences in complication rates between those with major and minor leaks. As compared with @entity1 without leak, those with a leak (major or minor) had several of these complications rather than just one (p < 0.001) and greatly prolonged hospital stay (p < 0.001). Postoperative mortality was higher after major leaks than after minor leaks (4 of 21 and 0 of 33, respectively, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: A minor leak is not trivial. Apart from the fact that major clinical leakage necessitates urgent reoperation, there were few other differences between major and minor clinical leaks in the frequency of other complications.

title: Is a minor clinical anastomotic leak clinically significant after resection of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative mortality']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Point-of-care tests for @entity1047 (CT) and gonorrhoea (NG) could increase the uptake and timeliness of testing and treatment, contribute to improved disease control and reduce reproductive morbidity. The GeneXpert (Xpert CT/NG assay), suited to use at the point-of-care, is being used in the TTANGO randomised controlled trial (RCT) in 12 remote Australian health services with a high burden of sexually transmissible infections (STIs). This represents the first ever routine use of a molecular point-of-care diagnostic for STIs in primary care. The purpose of this study was to explore the acceptability of the GeneXpert to primary care staff in remote Australia. METHODS: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 staff (registered or enrolled nurses and Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners) trained and experienced with GeneXpert testing. Interviews were digitally-recorded and transcribed verbatim prior to content analysis. RESULTS: Most @entity1 displayed positive attitudes, indicating the test was both easy to use and useful in their clinical context. @entity1 indicated that point-of-care testing had improved management of STIs, resulting in more timely and targeted treatment, earlier commencement of partner notification, and reduced follow up efforts associated with client recall. Staff expressed confidence in point-of-care test results and treating @entity1 on this basis, and reported greater job satisfaction. While point-of-care testing did not negatively impact on client flow, several found the manual documentation processes time consuming, suggesting that improved electronic connectivity and test result transfer between the GeneXpert and @entity1 management systems could overcome this. Managing positive test results in a shorter time frame was challenging for some but most found it satisfying to complete episodes of care more quickly. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of a RCT, health professionals working in remote primary care in Australia found the GeneXpert highly acceptable. These findings have implications for use in other primary care settings around the world.

title: "I Do Feel Like a Scientist at Times": A Qualitative Study of the Acceptability of Molecular Point-Of-Care Testing for XXXX and Gonorrhoea to Primary Care Professionals in a Remote High STI Burden Setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['Chlamydia']


abstract: @entity461 is a major cause of @entity66 worldwide. Since it has no known toxin, the ability of trophozoites to colonise the @entity1 small intestine is required for its pathogenesis. Mitosis in this protozoan parasite is a unique challenge because its two equivalent nuclei and complex cytoskeleton must be duplicated and segregated accurately. @entity4498 is a complex and rapid event that is poorly understood at the cellular and molecular levels. Higher eukaryotes have one to three members of the highly conserved Ser/Thr aurora kinase (AK) family that regulate key aspects of mitosis and cytokinesis. Giardia has a single AK orthologue (gAK) with 61% similarity to @entity1 @entity34008 . In addition to the conserved active site residues, activation loop and destruction-box motifs characteristic of AKs, gAK contains a unique insert near the active site region. We epitope-tagged gAK at its C-terminus and expressed it under its own promoter. During interphase, gAK localises exclusively to the nuclei, but is not phosphorylated as shown by lack of staining with an antibody specific to phosphorylated @entity34008 (pAK). In contrast, during mitosis pAK localises to the basal bodies/centrosomes and co-localises with tubulin to the spindle. During specific stages of mitosis, giardial pAK also localised dynamically to cytoskeletal structures unique to Giardia: the paraflagellar dense rods of the anterior flagella and the median body, whose functions are unknown, as well as to the parent attachment disc. Two AK inhibitors significantly decreased giardial growth and increased the numbers of cells arrested in cytokinesis. These inhibitors appeared to increase microtubule nucleation and cell-ploidy. Our data show that gAK is phosphorylated in mitosis and suggest that it plays an important role in the Giardia cell cycle. The pleiotropic localisation of AK suggests that it may co-ordinate the reorganisation and segregation of tubulin-containing structures in mitosis. We believe this is the first report of a signalling protein regulating cell division in Giardia.

title: XXXX aurora kinase: a regulator of mitosis in a binucleate parasite.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoeal disease']

entities_list: @entity4498 :: ('OMIM:604588', 'Disease') :: ['Giardial mitosis']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Species) :: ['Giardia lamblia']


abstract: In this work, we evaluate the performance of liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry (LC-APPI-MS) for non-aqueous reversed phase analysis of six @entity1674 model compounds using six binary mobile phases including @entity2716 /iPr @entity2145 , @entity2716 / @entity39320 , @entity2716 / @entity17058 , @entity15544 /iPr @entity2145 , @entity15544 / @entity39320 , and @entity15544 / @entity17058 . All mobile phases give comparably good separation performance on a Gemini C(18) column with carefully adjusted gradient elution programs. APPI sensitivity varies from one mobile phase to the other without dopants; however use of dopants brings sensitivity to comparable levels for all mobile phases. @entity2716 /iPrOH offers high sensitivity without dopants due to self-doping effect and dopants are not necessary for this mobile phase. Dopants enhance analyte sensitivity to a varying degree for each of the mobile phases tested. Photo-induced chemical ionization (PCI) of solvent may play a significant role in achieving high sensitivity. Two critical parameters affecting sensitivity are photoabsorption cross-sections and ionization potentials of mobile phase solvents. How these mobile phase solvents affect APPI sensitivity and their dependency on dopant use are discussed. All six mobile phases offer comparable overall limits of detection for the analytes tested. These results indicate that LC-APPI-MS is a successful tool for neutral lipid analysis, giving high sensitivity with a variety of non-aqueous mobile phases.

title: Liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry analysis of XXXX lipids--effects of mobile phases on sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triacylglycerol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of either oral contraceptives or antiandrogens has been shown to be helpful in the treatment of @entity1 with acne. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the safety and efficacy of acne treatment using both @entity1482 and a combined contraceptive containing @entity4863 . METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with either severe papular or nodulocystic facial acne were treated with a combined oral contraceptive containing 30 mug @entity2082 and 3 mg @entity4863 (EE/ @entity38407 ; Yasmin) and @entity1482 (SL) 100 mg taken daily. A serum @entity972 level was obtained before initiation of therapy. Between 4 and 6 weeks after the start of both medications, a second serum @entity972 level was obtained. Side effects were recorded. RESULTS: No significant elevation of serum @entity972 was found in any of the subjects nor were there any reported additional side effects significant enough to discontinue treatment. At follow up, 85% of subjects were entirely clear of acne lesions or had excellent improvement, 7.4% were mildly improved, and 7.4% were not improved. LIMITATIONS: This was a small prospective study. CONCLUSION: The combination of EE/ @entity38407 mg daily appears to have efficacy and is well tolerated in the treatment of severe papular and @entity5477 in @entity1 .

title: Efficacy and tolerance of acne treatment using both XXXX and a combined contraceptive containing @entity4863 .

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['nodulocystic acne']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4863 :: ('MESH:C035144', 'Chemical') :: ['drospirenone']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity1482 :: (MESH:D013148,Chemical) :: ['spironolactone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of either oral contraceptives or antiandrogens has been shown to be helpful in the treatment of @entity1 with acne. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the safety and efficacy of acne treatment using both @entity1482 and a combined contraceptive containing @entity4863 . METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with either severe papular or nodulocystic facial acne were treated with a combined oral contraceptive containing 30 mug @entity2082 and 3 mg @entity4863 (EE/ @entity38407 ; Yasmin) and @entity1482 (SL) 100 mg taken daily. A serum @entity972 level was obtained before initiation of therapy. Between 4 and 6 weeks after the start of both medications, a second serum @entity972 level was obtained. Side effects were recorded. RESULTS: No significant elevation of serum @entity972 was found in any of the subjects nor were there any reported additional side effects significant enough to discontinue treatment. At follow up, 85% of subjects were entirely clear of acne lesions or had excellent improvement, 7.4% were mildly improved, and 7.4% were not improved. LIMITATIONS: This was a small prospective study. CONCLUSION: The combination of EE/ @entity38407 mg daily appears to have efficacy and is well tolerated in the treatment of severe papular and @entity5477 in @entity1 .

title: Efficacy and tolerance of acne treatment using both @entity1482 and a combined contraceptive containing XXXX .

answer: @entity4863 :: (MESH:C035144,Chemical) :: ['drospirenone']


abstract: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has opened important perspectives on the pathophysiological bases and potential targets of treatment strategies for @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Studies have been mainly focusing on motor cortical inhibitory phenomena. However, differences in @entity1 and methods caused several discrepancies, particularly on the so-called @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ). We wanted to challenge such controversies by studying early, drug-na  ve @entity1 , and by reproducing the original method that detected a pathologic @entity1162 in @entity191 . We studied the motor potentials evoked in the first dorsal interosseous muscle on the more and the less @entity191 side of the body in 18 asymmetrical untreated @entity191 @entity1 in the early stages of their disease. We had 12 healthy controls. The TMS variables were the active motor threshold, the size of the motor-evoked potential, the cortical silent period and @entity1162 . Average active motor threshold was similar in @entity1 and controls, but its variability was significantly higher among @entity1 (P<0.05). There was a trend for the cortical silent period to be shorter on the more affected side of the @entity1 (P=0.1). @entity1 , especially on their more affected side, exhibited a late @entity1162 peak, which was absent among controls (P<0.05). This effect was independent of the silent period duration. However, @entity1 and controls having a short silent period also had a shorter @entity1162 (P<0.05). Changes in @entity1162 had a strong trend to correlate to the severity of the @entity191 signs (P=0.1). Thus, the present study definitely reinforced several previous TMS findings in @entity191 as a feature of the "pure" disease pathophysiology. The pathologic enhancement of late @entity1162 can act as a candidate physiological hallmark of @entity191 , to be tested in various diagnostic or therapeutic circumstances.

title: Cortical inhibition in XXXX : new insights from early, untreated @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['LICI', 'long-latency cortical inhibition']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", 'IPD', 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has opened important perspectives on the pathophysiological bases and potential targets of treatment strategies for @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Studies have been mainly focusing on motor cortical inhibitory phenomena. However, differences in @entity1 and methods caused several discrepancies, particularly on the so-called @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ). We wanted to challenge such controversies by studying early, drug-na  ve @entity1 , and by reproducing the original method that detected a pathologic @entity1162 in @entity191 . We studied the motor potentials evoked in the first dorsal interosseous muscle on the more and the less @entity191 side of the body in 18 asymmetrical untreated @entity191 @entity1 in the early stages of their disease. We had 12 healthy controls. The TMS variables were the active motor threshold, the size of the motor-evoked potential, the cortical silent period and @entity1162 . Average active motor threshold was similar in @entity1 and controls, but its variability was significantly higher among @entity1 (P<0.05). There was a trend for the cortical silent period to be shorter on the more affected side of the @entity1 (P=0.1). @entity1 , especially on their more affected side, exhibited a late @entity1162 peak, which was absent among controls (P<0.05). This effect was independent of the silent period duration. However, @entity1 and controls having a short silent period also had a shorter @entity1162 (P<0.05). Changes in @entity1162 had a strong trend to correlate to the severity of the @entity191 signs (P=0.1). Thus, the present study definitely reinforced several previous TMS findings in @entity191 as a feature of the "pure" disease pathophysiology. The pathologic enhancement of late @entity1162 can act as a candidate physiological hallmark of @entity191 , to be tested in various diagnostic or therapeutic circumstances.

title: Cortical inhibition in @entity191 : new insights from early, untreated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Importance: Whether the administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues (LHRHa) during chemotherapy is a reliable strategy to preserve ovarian function is controversial owing to both the lack of data on long-term ovarian function and pregnancies and the safety concerns about the potential negative interactions between endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. Objective: To evaluate long-term results of LHRHa-induced @entity2670 during @entity0 chemotherapy. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Parallel, randomized, open-label, phase 3 superiority trial conducted at 16 Italian sites. Between October 2003 and January 2008, 281 premenopausal @entity1 with stage I to III hormone receptor-positive or hormone receptor-negative @entity0 were enrolled. Last annual follow-up was June 3, 2014. Interventions: @entity1 were randomized to receive adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (control group) or chemotherapy plus @entity19040 (LHRHa group). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary planned end point was incidence of chemotherapy-induced @entity7793 . Post hoc end points were long-term ovarian function (evaluated by yearly assessment of menstrual activity and defined as resumed by the occurrence of at least 1 menstrual cycle), pregnancies, and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: A total of 281 @entity1 (median age, 39 [range, 24-45] years) were randomized. Median follow-up was 7.3 years (interquartile range, 6.3-8.2 years). The 5-year cumulative incidence estimate of menstrual resumption was 72.6% (95% CI, 65.7%-80.3%) among the 148 @entity1 in the LHRHa group and 64.0% (95% CI, 56.2%-72.8%) among the 133 @entity1 in the control group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28 [95% CI, 0.98-1.68]; P   =   .07; age-adjusted HR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.12-1.95]; P   =   .006). Eight pregnancies (5-year cumulative incidence estimate of pregnancy, 2.1% [95% CI, 0.7%-6.3%]) occurred in the LHRHa group and 3 (5-year cumulative incidence estimate of pregnancy, 1.6% [95% CI, 0.4%-6.2%]) in the control group (HR, 2.56 [95% CI, 0.68-9.60]; P   =   .14; age-adjusted HR, 2.40 [95% CI, 0.62-9.22]; P   =   .20). Five-year DFS was 80.5% (95% CI, 73.1%-86.1%) in the LHRHa group and 83.7% (95% CI, 76.1%-89.1%) in the control group (LHRHa vs control: HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.72-1.92]; P   =   .52). Conclusions and Relevance: Among premenopausal @entity1 with either hormone receptor-positive or hormone receptor-negative @entity0 , concurrent administration of @entity19040 and chemotherapy, compared with chemotherapy alone, was associated with higher long-term probability of ovarian function recovery, without a statistically significant difference in pregnancy rate. There was no statistically significant difference in DFS for @entity1 assigned to @entity19040 and those assigned to chemotherapy alone, although study power was limited. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00311636.

title: Ovarian Suppression With XXXX During Adjuvant @entity0 Chemotherapy and Long-term Ovarian Function, Pregnancies, and Disease-Free Survival: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity19040 :: ('MESH:D017329', 'Chemical') :: ['triptorelin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['early menopause']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian suppression']

answer: @entity19040 :: (MESH:D017329,Chemical) :: ['Triptorelin']


abstract: Importance: Whether the administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues (LHRHa) during chemotherapy is a reliable strategy to preserve ovarian function is controversial owing to both the lack of data on long-term ovarian function and pregnancies and the safety concerns about the potential negative interactions between endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. Objective: To evaluate long-term results of LHRHa-induced @entity2670 during @entity0 chemotherapy. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Parallel, randomized, open-label, phase 3 superiority trial conducted at 16 Italian sites. Between October 2003 and January 2008, 281 premenopausal @entity1 with stage I to III hormone receptor-positive or hormone receptor-negative @entity0 were enrolled. Last annual follow-up was June 3, 2014. Interventions: @entity1 were randomized to receive adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (control group) or chemotherapy plus @entity19040 (LHRHa group). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary planned end point was incidence of chemotherapy-induced @entity7793 . Post hoc end points were long-term ovarian function (evaluated by yearly assessment of menstrual activity and defined as resumed by the occurrence of at least 1 menstrual cycle), pregnancies, and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: A total of 281 @entity1 (median age, 39 [range, 24-45] years) were randomized. Median follow-up was 7.3 years (interquartile range, 6.3-8.2 years). The 5-year cumulative incidence estimate of menstrual resumption was 72.6% (95% CI, 65.7%-80.3%) among the 148 @entity1 in the LHRHa group and 64.0% (95% CI, 56.2%-72.8%) among the 133 @entity1 in the control group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28 [95% CI, 0.98-1.68]; P   =   .07; age-adjusted HR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.12-1.95]; P   =   .006). Eight pregnancies (5-year cumulative incidence estimate of pregnancy, 2.1% [95% CI, 0.7%-6.3%]) occurred in the LHRHa group and 3 (5-year cumulative incidence estimate of pregnancy, 1.6% [95% CI, 0.4%-6.2%]) in the control group (HR, 2.56 [95% CI, 0.68-9.60]; P   =   .14; age-adjusted HR, 2.40 [95% CI, 0.62-9.22]; P   =   .20). Five-year DFS was 80.5% (95% CI, 73.1%-86.1%) in the LHRHa group and 83.7% (95% CI, 76.1%-89.1%) in the control group (LHRHa vs control: HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.72-1.92]; P   =   .52). Conclusions and Relevance: Among premenopausal @entity1 with either hormone receptor-positive or hormone receptor-negative @entity0 , concurrent administration of @entity19040 and chemotherapy, compared with chemotherapy alone, was associated with higher long-term probability of ovarian function recovery, without a statistically significant difference in pregnancy rate. There was no statistically significant difference in DFS for @entity1 assigned to @entity19040 and those assigned to chemotherapy alone, although study power was limited. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00311636.

title: Ovarian Suppression With @entity19040 During Adjuvant XXXX Chemotherapy and Long-term Ovarian Function, Pregnancies, and Disease-Free Survival: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of developing @entity28 and related metabolic complications in @entity1 following long-term treatment with @entity1090 or @entity1089 . METHODS: This was a 1-year naturalistic longitudinal study conducted between February 2009 and March 2012. A total of 130 @entity1 aged 2 to 18 years without prior exposure to second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) were enrolled at initiation of treatment with either @entity1090 or @entity1089 . Metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and months 6 and 12. Data of 37 @entity1 (20 treated with @entity1090 and 17 treated with @entity1089 ) who completed 12-month monitoring were used in the analysis. RESULTS: After 1 year of SGA treatment, mean weight increased significantly by 10.8 kg (95% CI 7.9 kg to 13.7 kg) for @entity1090 and 9.7 kg (95% CI 6.5 kg to 12.8 kg) for @entity1089 . Body mass index z score also increased significantly in both groups (P < 0.001). There was a high incidence of @entity1 becoming overweight or @entity28 (6/15 [40.0%] for @entity1090 -treated and 7/14 [50.0%] for @entity1089 -treated). The mean levels of fasting @entity413 (for @entity1090 -treated) and ratio of total @entity165 to high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (for @entity1089 -treated) increased significantly by 0.23 mmol/L (95% CI 0.03 mmol/L to 0.42 mmol/L) and 0.48 mmol/L (95% CI 0.15 mmol/L to 0.80 mmol/L), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 treated with @entity1090 or @entity1089 are at a significant risk for developing @entity28 , elevated waist circumference, and @entity2299 during 12 months of treatment. These data emphasize the importance of regular monitoring for early identification and treatment of metabolic side effects.

title: Increased Risk of Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation Following 12 Months of Second-Generation Antipsychotic Treatment in XXXX : A Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Accelerated diagnostic protocols (ADPs), such as the HEART Pathway, are gaining popularity in emergency departments (EDs) as tools used to risk stratify @entity1 with acute @entity662 . However, provider nonadherence may threaten the safety and effectiveness of ADPs. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and impact of @entity857 nonadherence. METHODS: A secondary analysis of @entity1 enrolled in the HEART Pathway RCT was conducted. This trial enrolled 282 adult @entity2613 @entity1 with symptoms concerning for @entity1187 without ST-elevation on electrocardiogram. @entity1 randomized to the HEART Pathway (N  =  141) were included in this analysis. Outcomes included index visit disposition, nonadherence, and major adverse @entity299 (MACEs) at 30 days. MACE was defined as death, @entity583 , or revascularization. Nonadherence was defined as: 1) undertesting-discharging a high-risk @entity1 from the @entity2613 without objective testing (stress testing or coronary angiography) or 2) overtesting-admitting or obtaining objective testing on a low-risk @entity1 . RESULTS: Nonadherence to the HEART Pathway occurred in 28 of 141 @entity1 (20%, 95% confidence interval [CI]  =  14% to 27%). Overtesting occurred in 19 of 141 @entity1 (13.5%, 95% CI  =  8% to 19%) and undertesting in nine of 141 @entity1 (6%, 95% CI  =  3% to 12%). None of these 28 @entity1 suffered MACE. The net effect of nonadherence was 10 additional admissions among @entity1 identified as low-risk and appropriate for early discharge (absolute decrease in discharge rate of 7%, 95% CI  =  3% to 13%). CONCLUSIONS: Real-time use of the HEART Pathway resulted in a nonadherence rate of 20%, mostly due to overtesting. None of these @entity1 had MACE within 30 days. Nonadherence decreased the discharge rate, attenuating the HEART Pathway's impact on health care use.

title: Adherence to an Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol for XXXX : Secondary Analysis of the HEART Pathway Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['Chest Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) have become standard of care in the management of @entity548 injured @entity1 , yet strategies to guide them vary widely. We conducted a pragmatic, randomized clinical trial (RCT) to test the hypothesis that an @entity15928 goal directed by the viscoelastic assay thrombelastography (TEG) improves survival compared with an @entity15928 guided by @entity3459 ( @entity3459 ). METHODS: This RCT enrolled injured @entity1 from an academic level-1 @entity130 center meeting criteria for @entity15928 activation. Upon @entity15928 activation, @entity1 were randomized to be managed either by an @entity15928 goal directed by TEG or by @entity3459 (ie, international normalized ratio, fibrinogen, platelet count). Primary outcome was 28-day survival. RESULTS: One hundred eleven @entity1 were included in an intent-to-treat analysis (TEG = 56, @entity3459 = 55). Survival in the TEG group was significantly higher than the @entity3459 group (log-rank P = 0.032, Wilcoxon P = 0.027); 20 @entity204 in the @entity3459 group (36.4%) compared with 11 in the TEG group (19.6%) (P = 0.049). Most @entity204 occurred within the first 6 hours from arrival (21.8% @entity3459 group vs 7.1% TEG group) (P = 0.032). @entity3459 @entity1 required similar number of red blood cell units as the TEG @entity1 [ @entity3459 : 5.0 (2-11), TEG: 4.5 (2-8)] (P = 0.317), but more plasma units [ @entity3459 : 2.0 (0-4), TEG: 0.0 (0-3)] (P = 0.022), and more platelets units [ @entity3459 : 0.0 (0-1), TEG: 0.0 (0-0)] (P = 0.041) in the first 2 hours of resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of a goal-directed, TEG-guided @entity15928 to resuscitate severely injured @entity1 improves survival compared with an @entity15928 guided by @entity3459 and utilizes less plasma and platelet transfusions during the early phase of resuscitation.

title: Goal-directed Hemostatic Resuscitation of XXXX -induced Coagulopathy: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing a Viscoelastic Assay to Conventional Coagulation Assays.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['conventional coagulation assays', 'CCA']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: This study retrospectively reviewed 227 @entity1 with @entity1756 who underwent endovascular embolization with detachable coils between March 1997 and March 2006 to establish the incidence of rebleeding after endovascular treatment for @entity1756 and identify the risk factors. The site and size of the @entity439 , the interval between treatment and rebleeding, and the outcome were investigated in six of the 227 @entity1 (2.6%) who rebled after treatment. Four @entity1 had large or @entity439 located on the internal carotid artery at the origin of the posterior communicating artery. The interval between treatment and rebleeding was less than 1 year in four @entity1 (mean 394.2 days). Two @entity1 died, and the survivors had modified Rankin Scale scores of 0, 2, 3, and 4. Re-embolization was performed in four @entity1 and no further @entity548 occurred during the mean follow-up period of 1.9 years after re-treatment. @entity1 with @entity3538 are at increased risk for rebleeding. Re-treatment should be considered if there is conventional and/or magnetic resonance angiographic evidence of dome filling. @entity1 with @entity1756 must be followed up with diagnostic imaging closely during the first 12 months post-embolization because rebleeding frequently occurs within 1 year after initial treatment. Re-embolization is safe and effective in @entity1 with recurrent @entity548 from @entity439 previously embolized with detachable coils.

title: Rebleeding after endovascular embolization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['giant aneurysms of the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'giant aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured cerebral aneurysms', 'ruptured cerebral aneurysm', 'ruptured solitary cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We present a prospective study assessing the real incidence, aetiology, and evolution of @entity73 following total thyroidectomy. @entity1 AND METHOD: Sixty-six @entity1 who underwent total thyroidectomy between 2003 and 2006 were included, recording demographic and analytic variables, with emphasis on subjective vocal changes observed after surgery, measured by means of the GRABS scale. A control group of 25 @entity1 operated under general anaesthesia and oro-tracheal intubation was chosen using random sampling. RESULTS: In 30 @entity1 (45.5 %), @entity7441 was observed. Among these, only 2 (3 %) were permanent, and 11 were due to @entity16 (10 inferior and 1 superior laryngeal nerves). In 8 @entity1 (12.2 %), GRABS score was above 5. In the rest of these 30 @entity1 , the complaint was a single decreased tone (10 cases), lack of intensity (9 cases) and vocal fatigue (3 cases), always with a GRABS score equal to or less than 2 points. The most significantly related factor with the onset of @entity7364 was the section of @entity10874 muscles (OR=12.5). CONCLUSIONS: Dysphonia is a common complication of total thyroidectomy, but its incidence is not always related to @entity128 . Some technical (and sometimes avoidable) factors, such as the section of prelaryngeal muscles, could have an important relationship with this adverse event.

title: [Influence of non-neuronal factors on post-thyroidectomy XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['vocal impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative dysphonia']

answer: @entity7364 :: (MESH:D055154,Disease) :: ['dysphonia']


abstract: Purpose: To describe the location of initial @entity227 ( @entity227 ) in @entity726 , their modes of deterioration, and those factors associated with different modes of deterioration. Methods: @entity1 with @entity725 were categorized into four groups based on three consecutive initial @entity227 : (1) superior @entity1019 ( @entity1019 ), (2) inferior @entity1019 , (3) superior @entity11766 ( @entity11766 ), and (4) inferior @entity11766 . According to the worsening of the VF, four further subgroups were identified: (1) superior central worsening (CW), (2) inferior CW, (3) superior peripheral or nasal worsening (NW), and (4) inferior NW. Systemic and ocular factors were analyzed for each of the subgroups to identify possible associations. Results: One hundred sixty-two eyes of 162 subjects were analyzed. Superior @entity1019 (n = 40) were more frequent in females and associated with @entity548 ( @entity548 ), and were less frequent in @entity1 with systemic @entity101 ( @entity101 ). Inferior @entity1019 (n = 35) showed a significant association with cup shape measure and axial length. Superior @entity11766 (n = 37) were more highly associated with @entity101 and @entity6 . Inferior @entity11766 (n = 50) showed a lower incidence of @entity548 . With binary logistic regression analysis, superior @entity1019 showed a significant association with both @entity101 and @entity548 . With respect to VF worsening, superior CW showed a significant association with @entity101 and @entity6 , whereas superior NW was associated with a high minimum IOP during follow-up, and inferior NW was associated with a high maximum IOP during follow-up. Conclusions: The initial location and subsequent direction of worsening of @entity227 were associated with different systemic and ocular factors.

title: Location of Initial XXXX in @entity726 and Their Modes of Deterioration.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VFD', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['DH', 'disc hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity11766 :: ('MESH:D009668', 'Disease') :: ['ND', 'nasal defects']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['paracentral defects', 'PD']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Visual Field Defects']


abstract: Purpose: To describe the location of initial @entity227 ( @entity227 ) in @entity726 , their modes of deterioration, and those factors associated with different modes of deterioration. Methods: @entity1 with @entity725 were categorized into four groups based on three consecutive initial @entity227 : (1) superior @entity1019 ( @entity1019 ), (2) inferior @entity1019 , (3) superior @entity11766 ( @entity11766 ), and (4) inferior @entity11766 . According to the worsening of the VF, four further subgroups were identified: (1) superior central worsening (CW), (2) inferior CW, (3) superior peripheral or nasal worsening (NW), and (4) inferior NW. Systemic and ocular factors were analyzed for each of the subgroups to identify possible associations. Results: One hundred sixty-two eyes of 162 subjects were analyzed. Superior @entity1019 (n = 40) were more frequent in females and associated with @entity548 ( @entity548 ), and were less frequent in @entity1 with systemic @entity101 ( @entity101 ). Inferior @entity1019 (n = 35) showed a significant association with cup shape measure and axial length. Superior @entity11766 (n = 37) were more highly associated with @entity101 and @entity6 . Inferior @entity11766 (n = 50) showed a lower incidence of @entity548 . With binary logistic regression analysis, superior @entity1019 showed a significant association with both @entity101 and @entity548 . With respect to VF worsening, superior CW showed a significant association with @entity101 and @entity6 , whereas superior NW was associated with a high minimum IOP during follow-up, and inferior NW was associated with a high maximum IOP during follow-up. Conclusions: The initial location and subsequent direction of worsening of @entity227 were associated with different systemic and ocular factors.

title: Location of Initial @entity227 in XXXX and Their Modes of Deterioration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']