abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Spanish province of C  diz has some of the poorest socioeconomic conditions and the highest @entity65 and mortality rates in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of the city of Sanl  car de Barrameda in C  diz. METHODS: This cross-sectional population-based study involved 858 randomly selected individuals aged 50-75 years. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of the main cardiovascular risk factors were obtained. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 61.5 years and 53.6% were @entity1 . Overall, 46% of @entity1 and 61.7% of @entity1 were illiterate; 23.7% and 7.9%, respectively, were current smokers; 30.9% and 44.8% had a sedentary lifestyle; 54% and 55.9% were @entity28 ; 29.4% and 26.1% had @entity6 ; 45% and 52.4% had @entity101 ; 40.9% and 45.1% had @entity1007 ; and 58.8% and 57% had @entity209 as defined by NCEP/ @entity855 -III criteria. The prevalence of all cardiovascular risk factors, except smoking, increased with age. Significant inverse associations were observed between educational level and @entity28 in @entity1 and between educational level and @entity6 and @entity209 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in individuals aged 50-75 years in Sanl  car de Barrameda was extremely high. The prevalences of @entity28 , @entity6 and @entity209 were among the highest ever reported in Spain. A very low educational level may underlie these adverse findings.

title: [Prevalence of @entity28 , @entity6 , XXXX , @entity1007 and @entity209 in over 50-year-olds in Sanl  car de Barrameda, Spain].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Spanish province of C  diz has some of the poorest socioeconomic conditions and the highest @entity65 and mortality rates in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of the city of Sanl  car de Barrameda in C  diz. METHODS: This cross-sectional population-based study involved 858 randomly selected individuals aged 50-75 years. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of the main cardiovascular risk factors were obtained. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 61.5 years and 53.6% were @entity1 . Overall, 46% of @entity1 and 61.7% of @entity1 were illiterate; 23.7% and 7.9%, respectively, were current smokers; 30.9% and 44.8% had a sedentary lifestyle; 54% and 55.9% were @entity28 ; 29.4% and 26.1% had @entity6 ; 45% and 52.4% had @entity101 ; 40.9% and 45.1% had @entity1007 ; and 58.8% and 57% had @entity209 as defined by NCEP/ @entity855 -III criteria. The prevalence of all cardiovascular risk factors, except smoking, increased with age. Significant inverse associations were observed between educational level and @entity28 in @entity1 and between educational level and @entity6 and @entity209 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in individuals aged 50-75 years in Sanl  car de Barrameda was extremely high. The prevalences of @entity28 , @entity6 and @entity209 were among the highest ever reported in Spain. A very low educational level may underlie these adverse findings.

title: [Prevalence of @entity28 , @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity1007 and XXXX in over 50-year-olds in Sanl  car de Barrameda, Spain].

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Spanish province of C  diz has some of the poorest socioeconomic conditions and the highest @entity65 and mortality rates in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of the city of Sanl  car de Barrameda in C  diz. METHODS: This cross-sectional population-based study involved 858 randomly selected individuals aged 50-75 years. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of the main cardiovascular risk factors were obtained. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 61.5 years and 53.6% were @entity1 . Overall, 46% of @entity1 and 61.7% of @entity1 were illiterate; 23.7% and 7.9%, respectively, were current smokers; 30.9% and 44.8% had a sedentary lifestyle; 54% and 55.9% were @entity28 ; 29.4% and 26.1% had @entity6 ; 45% and 52.4% had @entity101 ; 40.9% and 45.1% had @entity1007 ; and 58.8% and 57% had @entity209 as defined by NCEP/ @entity855 -III criteria. The prevalence of all cardiovascular risk factors, except smoking, increased with age. Significant inverse associations were observed between educational level and @entity28 in @entity1 and between educational level and @entity6 and @entity209 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in individuals aged 50-75 years in Sanl  car de Barrameda was extremely high. The prevalences of @entity28 , @entity6 and @entity209 were among the highest ever reported in Spain. A very low educational level may underlie these adverse findings.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX , @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity1007 and @entity209 in over 50-year-olds in Sanl  car de Barrameda, Spain].

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Spanish province of C  diz has some of the poorest socioeconomic conditions and the highest @entity65 and mortality rates in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of the city of Sanl  car de Barrameda in C  diz. METHODS: This cross-sectional population-based study involved 858 randomly selected individuals aged 50-75 years. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of the main cardiovascular risk factors were obtained. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 61.5 years and 53.6% were @entity1 . Overall, 46% of @entity1 and 61.7% of @entity1 were illiterate; 23.7% and 7.9%, respectively, were current smokers; 30.9% and 44.8% had a sedentary lifestyle; 54% and 55.9% were @entity28 ; 29.4% and 26.1% had @entity6 ; 45% and 52.4% had @entity101 ; 40.9% and 45.1% had @entity1007 ; and 58.8% and 57% had @entity209 as defined by NCEP/ @entity855 -III criteria. The prevalence of all cardiovascular risk factors, except smoking, increased with age. Significant inverse associations were observed between educational level and @entity28 in @entity1 and between educational level and @entity6 and @entity209 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in individuals aged 50-75 years in Sanl  car de Barrameda was extremely high. The prevalences of @entity28 , @entity6 and @entity209 were among the highest ever reported in Spain. A very low educational level may underlie these adverse findings.

title: [Prevalence of @entity28 , XXXX , @entity101 , @entity1007 and @entity209 in over 50-year-olds in Sanl  car de Barrameda, Spain].

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Spanish province of C  diz has some of the poorest socioeconomic conditions and the highest @entity65 and mortality rates in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of the city of Sanl  car de Barrameda in C  diz. METHODS: This cross-sectional population-based study involved 858 randomly selected individuals aged 50-75 years. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of the main cardiovascular risk factors were obtained. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 61.5 years and 53.6% were @entity1 . Overall, 46% of @entity1 and 61.7% of @entity1 were illiterate; 23.7% and 7.9%, respectively, were current smokers; 30.9% and 44.8% had a sedentary lifestyle; 54% and 55.9% were @entity28 ; 29.4% and 26.1% had @entity6 ; 45% and 52.4% had @entity101 ; 40.9% and 45.1% had @entity1007 ; and 58.8% and 57% had @entity209 as defined by NCEP/ @entity855 -III criteria. The prevalence of all cardiovascular risk factors, except smoking, increased with age. Significant inverse associations were observed between educational level and @entity28 in @entity1 and between educational level and @entity6 and @entity209 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in individuals aged 50-75 years in Sanl  car de Barrameda was extremely high. The prevalences of @entity28 , @entity6 and @entity209 were among the highest ever reported in Spain. A very low educational level may underlie these adverse findings.

title: [Prevalence of @entity28 , @entity6 , @entity101 , XXXX and @entity209 in over 50-year-olds in Sanl  car de Barrameda, Spain].

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: Between 1970 and 1983, 46 @entity1 were hospitalized in the Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital for treatment of @entity1318 . All @entity1 had been symptomatic for at least two years. Efforts were made initially to manage most of these @entity1 (40) with periodic esophageal dilatation. This was successful in only six cases (15%). In four instances (10%), @entity1 had esophageal perforation. Thirty @entity1 have had esophagomyotomy (Heller procedure), and 14 of these had an associated antireflux procedure. Three had proximal gastric vagotomy for associated @entity4773 . Twenty-seven (90%) have had a good result, three died postoperatively, and two elderly @entity1 had @entity583 . The other @entity1 had @entity295 after repair of a perforated esophagus. While periodic esophageal dilatation is necessary in @entity1 who may not tolerate an operative procedure, most @entity1 with @entity1318 are best treated with Heller esophagomyotomy.

title: Surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['esophageal achalasia']


abstract: In this review we have summarized our experiences of serological analysis of @entity11155 expression in @entity1 B cell malignant disease. Cells from a large number of cases of @entity1072 ( @entity6444 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) have been examined for expression of class II antigens. Using a number of monoclonal antibodies which in some cases are specific for class II subregion products (DP, DQ and DR), MHC class II antigens were detected by indirect immunofluorescence and fluorescent activated cell sorter analysis in @entity6444 and by immunohistochemical staining in @entity1893 . At the cell surface in many cases of B cell malignant disease, products of the different class II subregion genes are non-coordinately expressed. The most commonly occurring pattern of non-coordinate expression of class II molecules is of expression of DP and DR antigens in the absence of detectable DQ expression. These findings are in contrast to normal B lymphocytes where DP, DQ and DR antigens are expressed together at the cell surface. There is considerable heterogeneity among cases comprising individual histopathological categories of B cell malignancy, and in many instances heterogeneous class II phenotypes are also found on cells from the same @entity5 . In @entity6444 , class II antigen expression is inducible in vitro by treating the cells with the @entity4621 TPA. @entity6444 cells treated with @entity865 have much increased levels of class II antigen expression at the cell surface and much increased steady state levels of class II specific mRNA transcripts detectable with complementary DNA probes. Aberrant class II antigen expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of B cell malignant disease.

title: Expression of MHC class II antigens in @entity1 B-cell leukaemia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia', 'CLL']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity11155 :: ('3128', 'Gene') :: ['MHC class II antigen']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: In this review we have summarized our experiences of serological analysis of @entity11155 expression in @entity1 B cell malignant disease. Cells from a large number of cases of @entity1072 ( @entity6444 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) have been examined for expression of class II antigens. Using a number of monoclonal antibodies which in some cases are specific for class II subregion products (DP, DQ and DR), MHC class II antigens were detected by indirect immunofluorescence and fluorescent activated cell sorter analysis in @entity6444 and by immunohistochemical staining in @entity1893 . At the cell surface in many cases of B cell malignant disease, products of the different class II subregion genes are non-coordinately expressed. The most commonly occurring pattern of non-coordinate expression of class II molecules is of expression of DP and DR antigens in the absence of detectable DQ expression. These findings are in contrast to normal B lymphocytes where DP, DQ and DR antigens are expressed together at the cell surface. There is considerable heterogeneity among cases comprising individual histopathological categories of B cell malignancy, and in many instances heterogeneous class II phenotypes are also found on cells from the same @entity5 . In @entity6444 , class II antigen expression is inducible in vitro by treating the cells with the @entity4621 TPA. @entity6444 cells treated with @entity865 have much increased levels of class II antigen expression at the cell surface and much increased steady state levels of class II specific mRNA transcripts detectable with complementary DNA probes. Aberrant class II antigen expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of B cell malignant disease.

title: Expression of MHC class II antigens in XXXX B-cell leukaemia and @entity1893 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Serial HIDA scanning was performed on a @entity1 following liver transplantation. During the @entity1 's course he developed @entity253 that manifested as a photopenic region in the liver, on the HIDA scan which filled in on the delayed views. The @entity1 subsequently developed a region in the superior portion of the right lobe of the liver that did not fill in with activity on delayed views. The @entity1 was experiencing low-grade fevers and was clinically believed to have either an @entity733 or an episode of rejection. A gallium scan was performed revealing a @entity154 in the same region as the HIDA. Because of the clinical suspicion of @entity733 , a percutaneous transhepatic drainage study was performed, revealing a large @entity733 cavity in the suspect area within the liver. Following the drainage the @entity1 did well. This case illustrates the usefulness of serial HIDA scanning in @entity1 who have received liver transplants. It also is important to note that the @entity2719 scan was negative in this @entity99 . In the authors' opinions, the finding of an intrahepatic fluid collection in a septic @entity1 that does not fill with activity on the HIDA study, should be considered the source of the @entity281 , until proven otherwise, and should be drained regardless of the findings of other studies.

title: XXXX in liver transplantation. Accurate diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['photopenic defect']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abscess']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic abscess']


abstract: Previous studies with @entity95 kidneys in our laboratories have used a plasma-like solution as the vehicle for the introduction and removal of @entity653 . Other workers have usually employed high- @entity972 solutions. In this study we have assayed the function of @entity95 renal cortical slices after incubation in a range of solutions, each of which contained 1 M @entity653 , for 4 hr, followed by stepwise removal of the cryoprotectant. The functions measured were endogenous @entity26 consumption, @entity10945 uptake, and the ability of the slices to accumulate @entity972 . Exposure to @entity653 produced a considerable reduction of slice function, but, in the presence of @entity653 , elevation of the @entity972 concentration was beneficial, whereas high concentrations of @entity1760 were detrimental. The optimum @entity972 concentration was 70-100 mM. Replacement of @entity2865 by a range of anions of higher molecular weight was either without benefit ( @entity16177 ) or detrimental ( @entity597 , @entity1792 , and @entity12742 ). Elevation of total osmolality from 300 to 400 mosmolal with @entity413 , @entity2656 , @entity16177 , or Pipes reduced slice function, but when the same osmolality was achieved by raising the concentration of all the components of the solution in the same ratio, there was no significant loss of function. There was a weak optimum pH at ca. 7.0. These experiments led to the formulation of a @entity3157 -buffered perfusate containing 80 mM @entity972 and 17.5 g Haemaccel per liter, having a pH of 7.0 with 5% @entity515 at 10 degrees C, and an osmolality of 400 mosmol/kg. This solution was used to preserve @entity95 kidneys for 20 hr at 10 degrees C, by continuous perfusion, and was compared with our previous Haemaccel perfusate, HP5, which contained 4 mM K+, 111 mM @entity2656 , and had a pH of 7.4. The two solutions were equally effective.

title: Optimization of a vehicle solution for the introduction and removal of @entity653 with XXXX kidneys.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity10945 :: ('MESH:D010130', 'Chemical') :: ['p-aminohippurate']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity16177 :: ('CHEBI:24346', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerophosphate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity12742 :: ('MESH:C030691', 'Chemical') :: ['gluconate']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Previous studies with @entity95 kidneys in our laboratories have used a plasma-like solution as the vehicle for the introduction and removal of @entity653 . Other workers have usually employed high- @entity972 solutions. In this study we have assayed the function of @entity95 renal cortical slices after incubation in a range of solutions, each of which contained 1 M @entity653 , for 4 hr, followed by stepwise removal of the cryoprotectant. The functions measured were endogenous @entity26 consumption, @entity10945 uptake, and the ability of the slices to accumulate @entity972 . Exposure to @entity653 produced a considerable reduction of slice function, but, in the presence of @entity653 , elevation of the @entity972 concentration was beneficial, whereas high concentrations of @entity1760 were detrimental. The optimum @entity972 concentration was 70-100 mM. Replacement of @entity2865 by a range of anions of higher molecular weight was either without benefit ( @entity16177 ) or detrimental ( @entity597 , @entity1792 , and @entity12742 ). Elevation of total osmolality from 300 to 400 mosmolal with @entity413 , @entity2656 , @entity16177 , or Pipes reduced slice function, but when the same osmolality was achieved by raising the concentration of all the components of the solution in the same ratio, there was no significant loss of function. There was a weak optimum pH at ca. 7.0. These experiments led to the formulation of a @entity3157 -buffered perfusate containing 80 mM @entity972 and 17.5 g Haemaccel per liter, having a pH of 7.0 with 5% @entity515 at 10 degrees C, and an osmolality of 400 mosmol/kg. This solution was used to preserve @entity95 kidneys for 20 hr at 10 degrees C, by continuous perfusion, and was compared with our previous Haemaccel perfusate, HP5, which contained 4 mM K+, 111 mM @entity2656 , and had a pH of 7.4. The two solutions were equally effective.

title: Optimization of a vehicle solution for the introduction and removal of XXXX with @entity95 kidneys.

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['glycerol']


abstract: Vaginal application of tablets containing @entity3009 at term in pregnant @entity1 with a favorable cervical score is a very efficacious method of induction of labour. Due to the motility of the @entity1 they consider this method of induction as almost natural. We, therefore, aimed at discussing the optimal procedure in low-risk pregnancies at due date, by means of a prospective randomised trial. In 345 @entity1 with a favourable cervical score, labour was either induced by means of intravaginal application of tablets containing @entity1421 according to a precise plan, or spontaneous onset of labour was awaited while CTG-controls were performed on an outpatient basis every second day until the 42nd week of pregnancy was completed. 80 per cent of the nulliparas and 96.3 per cent of the multiparas of the induction group delivered within 24 hours of the first tablet application. All pertinent delivery intervals were significantly shorter in this group compared to those @entity1 where spontaneous onset of labour was awaited. The incidence of @entity1162 was low in both groups and not significantly different. Only 4.2 per cent of the @entity1 in the group where spontaneous labour was awaited, reached the completed 42nd week of pregnancy. Only one @entity1 had to be induced because of a suspicious CTG. The rate of operative deliveries was lower in the induction group (1.1% versus 3.8% Caesarean sections). With the exception of one @entity204 due to a cord complication three days after the due date the foetal outcome was excellent in both groups. The acceptance of the procedure was tested by means of a questionnaire during the post partum period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Labor induction with 3 mg of XXXX vaginal tablets. A renaissance of programmed labor? Results of a prospective randomized study].

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged labour']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['foetal death']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: Nowadays, there are new technologies in high-performance liquid chromatography columns available enabling faster and more efficient separations. In this work, we compared three different types of columns for the analysis of main soy @entity6400 . The evaluated columns were a conventional reverse phase particle column, a fused-core particle column, and a monolithic column. The comparison was in terms of chromatographic parameters such as resolution, asymmetry, number of theoretical plates, variability of retention time, and peak width. The lower column pressure was provided by the monolithic column, although lower chromatographic performance was achieved. Conventional and fused-core particle columns presented similar pressure. Results also indicate that direct transfer between particle and monolithic columns is not possible requiring adjustment of conditions and a different method optimization strategy. The best chromatographic performance and separation speed were observed for the fused-core particle column. Also, the effect of sample solvent on the separation and peak shape was evaluated and indicated that monolithic column is the most affected especially when using higher concentrations of @entity1626 or @entity1068 . Sample solvent that showed the lowest effect on the chromatographic performance of the columns was @entity1042 . Overall evaluation of @entity1042 and @entity1626 as mobile phase for the separation of @entity6400 indicated higher chromatographic performance of @entity1626 , although @entity1042 may be an attractive alternative. Using @entity1626 as mobile phase resulted in faster, higher resolution, narrower, and more symmetric peaks than @entity1042 with all columns. It also generated the lower column pressure and flatter pressure profile due to mobile phase changes, and therefore, it presents a higher potential to be explored for the development of faster separation methods.

title: Comparison of different types of stationary phases for the analysis of soy XXXX by HPLC.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

answer: @entity6400 :: (MESH:D007529,Chemical) :: ['isoflavones']


abstract: The development of better diagnostic tools and therapeutic modalities has increased the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) @entity3 in @entity5 @entity1 . @entity1276 can result from CNS @entity3 and frustrate @entity5 treatment. The authors sought to investigate the outcomes and the roles of ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) in @entity1 with CNS @entity3 . The medical records of 50 consecutive @entity1 who underwent VPS for @entity1276 related to CNS @entity3 were analyzed retrospectively. Data included features of primary @entity5 , CNS involvement, clinical course and surgical outcome. Median @entity1 age was 55.0  years (range 25-77), and 30 female and 20 male @entity1 were included in the study. At the time of VPS, 10 @entity1 had parenchymal metastases only and 40 @entity1 had @entity2722 ( @entity2722 ). Symptom improvement was observed postoperatively in 40 @entity1 (80%), mean Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scale change was from 37.8 to 46.0, and median survival from VPS was 3.0  months (2  days to 54  months). A ventricular opening pressure of >30  cm @entity2507 (HR 6.44, 95% CI 1.26-32.9, P  =  0.02) and further @entity5 treatment after VPS (HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.07-0.42, P  <  0.0001) were found to be independent risk factors of poorer and better survival, respectively. @entity1276 in CNS @entity3 requiring VPS is commonly associated with @entity2722 . VPS is an effective palliative measure and an adequate @entity5 treatment after VPS may provide the best means of improving survival.

title: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt for XXXX caused by central nervous system metastasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'Hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2722 :: ('MESH:D009366', 'Disease') :: ['LMS', 'leptomeningeal seeding']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) is the most common @entity272 . Genes related to the Ras/Raf signalling pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1489 . The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of @entity817 mutations in sporadic BCCs as well as its correlation with the phenotype of @entity124 ( @entity124 ), the clinicopathological parameters of the @entity5 and @entity876 protein expression.  83 @entity1491 specimens were screened for @entity817 mutations, applying polymerase chain reaction, single-stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing. @entity124 status was examined using mononucleotide microsatellite markers and @entity876 protein expression was demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. A @entity72399 @entity377 leading to a silent mutation @entity72400 ; and a T to A transversion causing an @entity535 change ( @entity72401 ) have been found. @entity124 was detected in 5% of the cases and @entity876 accumulation was present in 37/83 samples studied. Although rare @entity817 alterations have been observed in @entity1491 , none of them harboured the hot-spot mutation @entity22191 commonly present in @entity320 and @entity694 . Consequently, no correlation could be determined between @entity817 alterations, @entity124 status, the clinicopathological features and @entity876 protein expression. Our results are in favour of a secondary importance for Ras signalling cascade genes in @entity1491 pathogenesis.

title: @entity817 mutations, XXXX and @entity876 protein expression in sporadic basal cell carcinomas.

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity72399 :: ('c|SUB|C|1790|T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C to T transition at 1790']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin malignancy']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['Basal Cell Carcinoma', 'BCC']

answer: @entity124 :: (MESH:D053842,Disease) :: ['microsatellite instability']


abstract: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) is the most common @entity272 . Genes related to the Ras/Raf signalling pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1489 . The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of @entity817 mutations in sporadic BCCs as well as its correlation with the phenotype of @entity124 ( @entity124 ), the clinicopathological parameters of the @entity5 and @entity876 protein expression.  83 @entity1491 specimens were screened for @entity817 mutations, applying polymerase chain reaction, single-stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing. @entity124 status was examined using mononucleotide microsatellite markers and @entity876 protein expression was demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. A @entity72399 @entity377 leading to a silent mutation @entity72400 ; and a T to A transversion causing an @entity535 change ( @entity72401 ) have been found. @entity124 was detected in 5% of the cases and @entity876 accumulation was present in 37/83 samples studied. Although rare @entity817 alterations have been observed in @entity1491 , none of them harboured the hot-spot mutation @entity22191 commonly present in @entity320 and @entity694 . Consequently, no correlation could be determined between @entity817 alterations, @entity124 status, the clinicopathological features and @entity876 protein expression. Our results are in favour of a secondary importance for Ras signalling cascade genes in @entity1491 pathogenesis.

title: @entity817 mutations, @entity124 and XXXX protein expression in sporadic basal cell carcinomas.

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) is the most common @entity272 . Genes related to the Ras/Raf signalling pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1489 . The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of @entity817 mutations in sporadic BCCs as well as its correlation with the phenotype of @entity124 ( @entity124 ), the clinicopathological parameters of the @entity5 and @entity876 protein expression.  83 @entity1491 specimens were screened for @entity817 mutations, applying polymerase chain reaction, single-stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing. @entity124 status was examined using mononucleotide microsatellite markers and @entity876 protein expression was demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. A @entity72399 @entity377 leading to a silent mutation @entity72400 ; and a T to A transversion causing an @entity535 change ( @entity72401 ) have been found. @entity124 was detected in 5% of the cases and @entity876 accumulation was present in 37/83 samples studied. Although rare @entity817 alterations have been observed in @entity1491 , none of them harboured the hot-spot mutation @entity22191 commonly present in @entity320 and @entity694 . Consequently, no correlation could be determined between @entity817 alterations, @entity124 status, the clinicopathological features and @entity876 protein expression. Our results are in favour of a secondary importance for Ras signalling cascade genes in @entity1491 pathogenesis.

title: XXXX mutations, @entity124 and @entity876 protein expression in sporadic basal cell carcinomas.

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['B-Raf']


abstract: The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling network is critical for patterning and organogenesis in mammals, and has been implicated in a variety of @entity5 . @entity1730 (Smo), the gene encoding the principal signal transducer, is overexpressed frequently in @entity0 , and constitutive activation in @entity6584 -SmoM2 @entity19 caused alterations in mammary gland morphology, increased proliferation, and changes in stem/progenitor cell number. Both in @entity19 and in clinical specimens, proliferative cells did not usually express detectable Smo, suggesting the hypothesis that Smo functioned in a non-cell autonomous manner to stimulate proliferation. Here, we employed a genetically tagged @entity19 model carrying a Cre-recombinase-dependent conditional allele of constitutively active Smo (SmoM2) to test this hypothesis. @entity6584 -Cre- or adenoviral-Cre-mediated SmoM2 expression in the luminal epithelium, but not in the myoepithelium, was required for the hyper-proliferative phenotypes. High levels of proliferation were observed in cells adjacent or in close-proximity to Smo expressing cells demonstrating that SmoM2 expressing cells were stimulating proliferation via a paracrine or juxtacrine mechanism. In contrast, Smo expression altered luminal cell differentiation in a cell-autonomous manner. SmoM2 expressing cells, purified by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) via the genetic fluorescent tag, expressed high levels of @entity50319 , @entity19990 , @entity27655 , @entity30732 and @entity13186 , and lower levels of @entity5236 and @entity72402 , in comparison to wildtype cells. These studies provide insight into the mechanism of Smo activation in the mammary gland and its possible roles in breast tumorigenesis. In addition, these results also have potential implications for the interpretation of proliferative phenotypes commonly observed in other organs as a consequence of hedgehog signaling activation.

title: Altered differentiation and paracrine stimulation of mammary epithelial cell proliferation by conditionally activated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'transgenic mice']

answer: @entity1730 :: (319757(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Smoothened']


abstract: Two experiments of Latin square design were made, each with four Friesian bull @entity291 fitted with re-entrant duodenal and ileal cannulas at 4-10 d of age. The @entity291 were used to study the effect of giving milk-substitutes containing 0, 300, 500 and 700 g bacterial protein (Pruteen)/kg total protein on apparent digestibility of @entity1568 fractions and @entity1522 and true digestibility of 3H-labelled milk protein and 35S-labelled bacterial protein in the small intestine. A third experiment of Latin square design with four intact Friesian @entity291 was used to measure apparent digestibility of nutrients throughout the alimentary tract and retention of N, @entity460 and @entity3151 . At the duodenum, volume of outflow, its pH, and outflow of @entity348 ( @entity7443 ), @entity8664 (NPN) decreased with time after feeding. At the ileum, volume of outflow and @entity7443 outflow were unaffected by time after feeding but @entity8664 outflow decreased; NPN outflow at the ileum increased to a maximum 6 h after feeding and then declined. Increased inclusion of Pruteen did not affect the volume of outflow at the duodenum or ileum, but duodenal @entity8664 outflow increased. At the ileum, pH values were lower and @entity7443 , @entity8664 and NPN outflows were higher with increasing concentration of Pruteen in the diet. Apparent digestibility in the small intestine tended to decrease with greater amounts of Pruteen, but was only significant for NPN. Apparent digestibility from mouth to ileum significantly decreased for @entity7443 and @entity8664 as Pruteen inclusion increased. @entity535 concentration in duodenal outflow, with the exception of that of @entity369 , reflected intake. The total amount of each @entity535 in ileal outflow increased and the apparent digestibility of most @entity1522 decreased with greater amounts of Pruteen in the diet. Apparent digestibility of nucleic acid-N from Pruteen was very high. True digestibility in the small intestine and between mouth and ileum of 3H-labelled milk protein was high and did not differ between dietary treatments. True digestibility of 35S-labelled Pruteen was low for the @entity14569 diet and tended to increase linearly as more dietary Pruteen was included. Dry matter concentration in faeces and a high apparent digestibility throughout the whole alimentary tract of @entity3363 did not differ between treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Digestion, absorption and utilization of single-cell protein by the preruminant @entity291 . The true digestibility of milk and bacterial protein and the apparent digestibility and utilization of their constituent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8664 :: ('MESH:C536108', 'Disease') :: ['protein-N (PN) and non-protein-N', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: Two experiments of Latin square design were made, each with four Friesian bull @entity291 fitted with re-entrant duodenal and ileal cannulas at 4-10 d of age. The @entity291 were used to study the effect of giving milk-substitutes containing 0, 300, 500 and 700 g bacterial protein (Pruteen)/kg total protein on apparent digestibility of @entity1568 fractions and @entity1522 and true digestibility of 3H-labelled milk protein and 35S-labelled bacterial protein in the small intestine. A third experiment of Latin square design with four intact Friesian @entity291 was used to measure apparent digestibility of nutrients throughout the alimentary tract and retention of N, @entity460 and @entity3151 . At the duodenum, volume of outflow, its pH, and outflow of @entity348 ( @entity7443 ), @entity8664 (NPN) decreased with time after feeding. At the ileum, volume of outflow and @entity7443 outflow were unaffected by time after feeding but @entity8664 outflow decreased; NPN outflow at the ileum increased to a maximum 6 h after feeding and then declined. Increased inclusion of Pruteen did not affect the volume of outflow at the duodenum or ileum, but duodenal @entity8664 outflow increased. At the ileum, pH values were lower and @entity7443 , @entity8664 and NPN outflows were higher with increasing concentration of Pruteen in the diet. Apparent digestibility in the small intestine tended to decrease with greater amounts of Pruteen, but was only significant for NPN. Apparent digestibility from mouth to ileum significantly decreased for @entity7443 and @entity8664 as Pruteen inclusion increased. @entity535 concentration in duodenal outflow, with the exception of that of @entity369 , reflected intake. The total amount of each @entity535 in ileal outflow increased and the apparent digestibility of most @entity1522 decreased with greater amounts of Pruteen in the diet. Apparent digestibility of nucleic acid-N from Pruteen was very high. True digestibility in the small intestine and between mouth and ileum of 3H-labelled milk protein was high and did not differ between dietary treatments. True digestibility of 35S-labelled Pruteen was low for the @entity14569 diet and tended to increase linearly as more dietary Pruteen was included. Dry matter concentration in faeces and a high apparent digestibility throughout the whole alimentary tract of @entity3363 did not differ between treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Digestion, absorption and utilization of single-cell protein by the preruminant XXXX . The true digestibility of milk and bacterial protein and the apparent digestibility and utilization of their constituent @entity1522 .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: This study describes the rationale for, and tests the hypothesis that, a custom outrigger triflange ulnar component for revision @entity348 would decrease the contact stresses at the  bushings and overcome excessive bushing wear in active @entity1 who have bone and @entity942 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five consecutive revisions for failed Coonrad-Morrey total elbow arthroplasties were performed with the custom outrigger triflange ulnar component for @entity1 with accelerated bushing wear, ulnar component loosening, and deficient humeral condyles. The mean age at the time of surgery was 48 years (range, 32-64 years). Follow-up averaged 81 months (range, 65-124 months). The average number of previous operations was 2.4 (range, 2-3). RESULTS: The Mayo Elbow Performance Score improved from 40 (range, 15-65) preoperatively to 91 (range, 80-100) at the latest follow-up. There were two excellent and three good results. There was no radiographic or clinical evidence of bushing wear at 6.8 years of follow-up (range, 5.5-10.3 years). One @entity1 required further revision of the humeral component due to mechanical loosening, which had not been revised at the time of the index surgery. DISCUSSION: A custom outrigger triflange ulnar component is an effective alternative for revising loose Coonrad-Morrey ulnar components in active @entity1 with absent humeral epicondyles and accelerated bushing wear. CONCLUSION: It may be an alternative to revision with standard components until improved surgical designs addressing this problem become commercially available.

title: Custom triflange outrigger ulnar component in revision XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total elbow arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['ligamentous deficiency']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total elbow arthroplasty']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13945 ( @entity13945 ) plays an important role in mediating @entity32 . We examined the effect of @entity13945 on the immune response to adenovirus vectors and graft function in islet transplant model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Syngeneic @entity164 ( @entity164 ) or @entity13945 -deficient (KO) @entity19 islets transduced with adenovirus encoding b-gal were transplanted under the renal capsule. After transplant, blood @entity413 , @entity413 tolerance, graft cellular infiltration, transgene and chemokine/receptor expression, and systemic anti-adenoviral/-b-gal immune response were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity6 was reversed in 1 d in both @entity164 and KO untransduced recipients, while islets transduced with adenovirus failed to reverse @entity6 until 10  d post-transplant in @entity164 recipients or even longer (>15  d) in KO recipients (P < 0.05). A profound infiltration of @entity1961 (+), CD8(+) cells and macrophages was observed in both @entity164 and KO transduced grafts at 25 d. Though transgene expression was significantly reduced, insulin and b-gal expression persisted over 3  mo. @entity413 tolerance was impaired in all grafts in KO recipients compared with untransduced grafts in @entity164 recipients at 25 d post-transplant, but was equivalent at 3 mo. Early expression of @entity13766 mRNA was increased in transduced grafts in both @entity164 and KO recipients. No systemic antivector immunity was demonstrated in any recipient group. CONCLUSIONS: Transduction of islets with adenovirus causes significant @entity32 in islet grafts and impairs early graft function in @entity13945 -deficient recipients, but long-term graft function is preserved. Thus, @entity13945 absence does not prevent the local immune response to adenovirus transduction, and vector-associated graft dysfunction is not mediated by @entity13945 .

title: XXXX deficiency does not prevent local immune responses to adenovirus vector in islet transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity13945 :: (12774(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CC Chemokine receptor 5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Conservative surgery followed by @entity902 -based chemotherapy is considered the standard approach for pure @entity43 (POD), except for correctly staged IA @entity1 . The aim of study was to evaluate the outcome of IA POD @entity1 with incomplete surgical staging in order to define the proper management. METHODS: Data concerning primary treatment and recurrence were reviewed for 26 @entity1 with stage IA POD treated in MITO (Multicenter Italian Trials in @entity43 ) centers. RESULTS: Median age was 22.5years. Primary surgery was fertility sparing for 17 @entity1 (65.4%) and radical surgery was performed in 9 @entity1 due to older age or @entity444 . Only five @entity1 (19.2%) had complete surgical staging; 38.5% had lymph node dissection, 46.2% had peritoneal biopsies and/or omentectomy and 65.4% had peritoneal washing. Seven @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall recurrence rate was 11.5%: all recurrences occurred in the group submitted to incomplete staging procedure. No @entity1 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy relapsed. One @entity1 had pelvic recurrence, one @entity1 relapsed in the abdomino-pelvic peritoneum and lymph nodes and the third @entity1 showed a peritoneum, lymph nodal and residual ovary relapse. All @entity1 with recurrence were cured by salvage therapy: 2 @entity1 were treated with surgery plus chemotherapy and one only with chemotherapy. After a median follow-up of 100months all @entity1 are alive without evidence of disease. Six @entity1 opted for conception and delivered healthy @entity1 , two with IVF with donor oocyte. CONCLUSIONS: IA POD prognosis is excellent. Conservative surgery with a complete surgical staging is the gold standard. @entity1 with incomplete staging could undergo surgical restaging or surveillance. Chemotherapy should be reserved to relapse with excellent chances of therapeutic success.

title: Is surgical restaging indicated in apparent stage IA pure XXXX ? The MITO group retrospective experience.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian Cancer', 'ovarian dysgerminoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian dysgerminoma']


abstract: @entity19 hybridoma were raised against the @entity1 @entity694 cell line CL-187. One clone was found to secrete a monoclonal antibody (ND-1) that recognizes a large external antigen ( @entity33650 ) on @entity1 @entity694 cells. With indirect immunofluorescence on @entity406 -fixed cells, more than 90% of the @entity1 @entity14 cell lines tested expressed @entity33650 . Almost all of the 46 @entity1 noncolorectal and nonhuman cell lines tested did not express @entity33650 , including @entity5 cell lines from other endodermally derived tissues. Staining of frozen sections from @entity1 @entity14 , @entity5 , normal adult, and normal fetal tissues showed expression of the antigen on @entity14 tissue, fetal colon, and fetal biliary epithelium. @entity33650 can also be detected in the serum and ascites of @entity14 @entity1 . Double indirect immunofluorescence with rabbit @entity787 ( @entity787 ) antibody and ND-1 monoclonal antibody on a @entity1 @entity14 cell line showed that @entity33650 is distinct from @entity787 . Physicochemical analysis of @entity33650 showed that it has a large molecular weight, is resistant to extraction from the cell surface, and that @entity3167 is an important component of the antigenic site. Because of the specificity for @entity14 tissue along with certain biochemical properties, @entity33650 appears to be unique when compared with other @entity5 -associated antigens. Further research is needed to define the clinical usefulness of @entity33650 in either the diagnosis or treatment of @entity14 .

title: Characterization of a new monoclonal antibody to a cell surface antigen on XXXX and fetal gut tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'noncolorectal tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'anti-carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Previous microarray analyses of the @entity2083 hypothalamus led us to hypothesise that @entity935 could potentially inhibit the excitatory effects of @entity2227 on luteinising hormone (LH). Post-spawning female @entity2083 were pre-treated (-4.5 h) with either saline (C; control), @entity10095 (S; D(1) -receptor antagonist) or @entity3216 (L; D(2) -receptor antagonist), followed by an i.p. injection, at -0.5 h, of saline or the @entity2227 agonist @entity140 (A, SA or LA). Blood, hypothalamus and telencephalon tissues were collected. Serum LH was not affected in the S, L, A, or LA groups relative to control as determined by radioimmunoassay. The SA group, however, showed a 289% (P<0.0005) increase in serum LH compared to either treatment alone or control. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction identified the mRNAs for ionotropic (Gria2a, Gria4) @entity2227 receptor subunits, activin ba, @entity72403 , and cGnRH-II as being significantly affected by some of the treatments. The same experiment conducted with sexually-regressed female fish showed a very different LH profile, indicating that this mechanism is seasonally-dependent. We also show that i.p. injection of 1  g/g @entity72403 was able to increase LH levels by 167% in sexually regressed female fish relative to controls. Taken together, these results demonstrate that blockage of the D(1) receptor primes post-spawning @entity2083 for @entity140 -stimulated LH release, and provides further insights into the central regulation of reproduction.

title: @entity935 D1 receptor blockage potentiates @entity140 -stimulated luteinising hormone release in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['goldfish']


abstract: Previous microarray analyses of the @entity2083 hypothalamus led us to hypothesise that @entity935 could potentially inhibit the excitatory effects of @entity2227 on luteinising hormone (LH). Post-spawning female @entity2083 were pre-treated (-4.5 h) with either saline (C; control), @entity10095 (S; D(1) -receptor antagonist) or @entity3216 (L; D(2) -receptor antagonist), followed by an i.p. injection, at -0.5 h, of saline or the @entity2227 agonist @entity140 (A, SA or LA). Blood, hypothalamus and telencephalon tissues were collected. Serum LH was not affected in the S, L, A, or LA groups relative to control as determined by radioimmunoassay. The SA group, however, showed a 289% (P<0.0005) increase in serum LH compared to either treatment alone or control. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction identified the mRNAs for ionotropic (Gria2a, Gria4) @entity2227 receptor subunits, activin ba, @entity72403 , and cGnRH-II as being significantly affected by some of the treatments. The same experiment conducted with sexually-regressed female fish showed a very different LH profile, indicating that this mechanism is seasonally-dependent. We also show that i.p. injection of 1  g/g @entity72403 was able to increase LH levels by 167% in sexually regressed female fish relative to controls. Taken together, these results demonstrate that blockage of the D(1) receptor primes post-spawning @entity2083 for @entity140 -stimulated LH release, and provides further insights into the central regulation of reproduction.

title: XXXX D1 receptor blockage potentiates @entity140 -stimulated luteinising hormone release in the @entity2083 .

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: Previous microarray analyses of the @entity2083 hypothalamus led us to hypothesise that @entity935 could potentially inhibit the excitatory effects of @entity2227 on luteinising hormone (LH). Post-spawning female @entity2083 were pre-treated (-4.5 h) with either saline (C; control), @entity10095 (S; D(1) -receptor antagonist) or @entity3216 (L; D(2) -receptor antagonist), followed by an i.p. injection, at -0.5 h, of saline or the @entity2227 agonist @entity140 (A, SA or LA). Blood, hypothalamus and telencephalon tissues were collected. Serum LH was not affected in the S, L, A, or LA groups relative to control as determined by radioimmunoassay. The SA group, however, showed a 289% (P<0.0005) increase in serum LH compared to either treatment alone or control. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction identified the mRNAs for ionotropic (Gria2a, Gria4) @entity2227 receptor subunits, activin ba, @entity72403 , and cGnRH-II as being significantly affected by some of the treatments. The same experiment conducted with sexually-regressed female fish showed a very different LH profile, indicating that this mechanism is seasonally-dependent. We also show that i.p. injection of 1  g/g @entity72403 was able to increase LH levels by 167% in sexually regressed female fish relative to controls. Taken together, these results demonstrate that blockage of the D(1) receptor primes post-spawning @entity2083 for @entity140 -stimulated LH release, and provides further insights into the central regulation of reproduction.

title: @entity935 D1 receptor blockage potentiates XXXX -stimulated luteinising hormone release in the @entity2083 .

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the follow-up results of double valve replacement (DVR) i.e. mitral valve replacement (MVR) and aortic valve replacement (AVR) vs. isolated MVR or AVR for @entity6331 . STUDY DESIGN: An interventional qausi-experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, from September 1994 till December 2007. METHODOLOGY: Prospective follow-up of 493 @entity1 with mechanical heart valves was carried out using clinical assessment, international normalized ratio and echocardiography. @entity1 were divided into three groups: group I having MVR, group II having AVR and group III having DVR. Survival, time and causes of mortality, and frequency of valve @entity715 , @entity548 and @entity548 was noted in the three groups and described as proportions. Actuarial survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: There were 493 with 287 (58.3%) in group I, 87 (17.6%) in group II and 119 (24.1%) in group III. Total follow-up was 2429.2 @entity1 (pt)-years. Of 77 (15.6%) deaths, 19 (3.8%) were in-hospital and 58 (11.8%) were late. In-hospital mortality was highest 4 (4.6%) in group II followed by 5 (4.2%) group III and 10 (3.5%) group I. Late deaths were 39 (13.4%) in group I, 9 (10.2%) in group II and 10 (8.3%) in group III. The total actuarial survival was 84.4% with survival of 83%, 85.1%, 87.4% in groups I, II and III respectively. On follow-up valve @entity715 occurred in 12 (0.49%/pt-years) @entity1 ; 9 (0.67%/pt-years) group I, 1 (0.22%/pt-years) in group II and 2 (0.31%/pt-years) in group III. Severe @entity548 occurred in 19 (0.78%/pt-years); 14 in (1.04%/pt-years) in group I, 3 (0.66%/pt-years) group II and 2 (0.31%/pt-years) in group III. @entity64 occurred in 34 (1.3%/pt-years); 26 (1.95%/pt-years) in group I and 4 in groups II (0.89%/pt-years) and III (0.62%/pt-years) each. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity6331 having combined mitral and @entity886 DVR should be performed whenever indicated as it has similar in-hospital mortality and better late survival as compared to isolated aortic or mitral valve replacement.

title: Outcome of double vs. single valve replacement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular haemorrhage', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['rheumatic heart disease']


abstract: From March 26, 1954, to July 19, 1955, 45 @entity1 with major @entity299 not previously correctable underwent open repair utilizing cross-circulation between @entity1 and donor without donor deaths. All operations were carried out at normothermia with lowered flow rates based on azygos flow studies. Twenty-seven @entity1 , more than half of them @entity1 , had @entity1757 closed. There were 8 hospital deaths, and there have been only 2 late deaths in 30 years. Fourteen (87.5%) of 16 who underwent recatheterization have closed defects. The 17 30-year-survivors are all in New York Heart Association Functional Class I. Five @entity1 4 months to 10 years old were operated on for @entity473 (complete form). All had intractable failure, and 4 had @entity120 . Two of the 3 hospital deaths were due to @entity616 . The long-term survivor, a 15-month-old @entity1 at the time of operation (severe @entity120 , 90/50 mm Hg), underwent repair 31 years ago and is now married with 3 @entity1 . Recatheterization disclosed normal pulmonary pressure (20/4 mm Hg), no shunts, and mild @entity339 . Ten cyanotic tetrads 13 months to 14 years old were operated on with 5 hospital deaths. Of the 3 late deaths, 1 was accidental at 17 years, 1 occurred suddenly at home 13 years after operation in infancy for @entity1146 , and the third occurred at reoperation 10 years later. The 2 remaining @entity1 (1 the first @entity1 operated on) are in excellent health. The surgical methods used and the physiological advantages of cross-circulation (temporary placenta) that made these results possible at a time when surgical knowledge was primitive are described.

title: The first open-heart repairs of XXXX , atrioventricular communis, and tetralogy of Fallot using extracorporeal circulation by cross-circulation: a 30-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infant', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular canal']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac malformations']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In order to understand the @entity1 's perspective in regards to meaningful surrogate clinical trial endpoints and the impact of treatment-related @entity137 , and quality of life, we surveyed @entity1 with gynecological @entity5 to ascertain their preferences. METHODS: A 28-question anonymous online survey was posted on the OCNA website (www.ovariancancer.org). Survey questions included demographic factors, @entity5 data, and @entity1 ' preference regarding side effects and therapy endpoints. Data was analyzed for frequency and percentage of each response. Student t-test, Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank sums were preformed. RESULTS: There were 1413 survey responses. @entity1 reported that for a new agent to be meaningful, the minimum extension of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) should be five or more months, 77% and 85% of the time, respectively. Most subjects (55%, n=612) were interested in an agent that would keep @entity5 growth relatively static without change in OS. Addressing the impact of adverse aspects from a hypothetical new agent as a function of response, there was significant migration (p<0.0001) to acceptance of greater @entity137 and cost under the scenario of a 5-6months @entity1017 , despite three-fold higher @entity2359 , as compared to a PFS gain of 3-4months/no @entity1017 without @entity137 . Response patterns weren't altered by recurrence status. CONCLUSIONS: Herein, we show that magnitude of outcome is a desired effect, even given the prospect of significant @entity137 and cost. However, these preferences appear to differ between those with primary and recurrent disease.

title: Endpoints in clinical trials: What do XXXX consider important? A survey of the Ovarian Cancer National Alliance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We do not know whether surgery during the active phase of @entity884 improves prognosis, as no randomized trial data exist. Several observational studies published recently have examined the influence of surgery on prognosis by performing a propensity score analysis. The aim of the present paper is to review these studies, in order to determine whether or not early surgery decreases mortality in adult @entity1 with @entity884 . Among nine published studies, 4199 @entity1 were included overall. The rate of surgery during the active phase of @entity884 ranged from 23 to 53%. Surgery was significantly beneficial in six studies (adjusted hazard ratios or odds ratios ranging from 0.27 to 0.47), neutral in two studies and without benefit in one study (hazard ratio 1.9; 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.2). Conflicting results appear to be related to differences in statistical methods. When using appropriate models, surgery is significantly associated with reduced long-term mortality. Results from these observational studies suggest that current surgical practices in @entity884 are beneficial in terms of long-term survival. However, we cannot conclude that surgery is beneficial and must be performed in all @entity1 with @entity884 . Surgery was associated with a favourable outcome in those @entity1 in whom @entity884 and @entity1 characteristics led the physicians to perform surgery. @entity1 who seem to benefit most from surgery are those who fulfil management guidelines (embolic event, @entity712 and/or @entity733 ).

title: Is early surgery beneficial in XXXX ? A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac abscess']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis presentation', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: Different @entity5 cell subpopulations coexisting within the same @entity5 exhibit varied susceptibilities to antineoplastic agents. @entity5 cell heterogeneity is now recognized as the principal cause of treatment failure in @entity5 , and is a formidable obstacle to effective therapy and to the development of drug delivery systems for selective targeting of antineoplastic agents to @entity5 cells. Recent insights into the genesis of @entity5 cell heterogeneity during progressive @entity5 growth reveal new complexities that raise challenging questions about the adequacy of certain approaches to the current therapy of @entity3 and impose challenging criteria for the development of improved therapeutic strategies. Many of the experimental approaches used in the search for new antineoplastic agents and targeted drug delivery systems ignore the pathogenesis of @entity3 and the problem of @entity5 cell heterogeneity. The adoption of more relevant assay systems is an urgent priority. These include the greater use of @entity3 models and the increased use of @entity1 @entity5 cells to replace rodent cell systems which have been of limited predictive value in identifying effective anticancer agents. In contrast to current strategies for the development of new antineoplastic drugs which seek to identify agents with activity against a broad range of histologically diverse @entity5 , greater success may be achieved by seeking agents active only against specific cell lineages. Many established @entity1 @entity5 cell lines may not be suitable for this purpose because of extensive phenotypic change produced by prolonged passage ex vivo. Development of histiotype-specific @entity1 @entity5 cell screens will require an extensive research effort to identify target cells that display demonstrable phenotypic relatedness to @entity5 cells in @entity1313 . Major advances in the therapy of @entity3 are considered unlikely in the next few years, and progress will stem from improved use of existing agents in refined combination therapy protocols in which greater attention is given to the duration, frequency, and sequence of therapy with different agents to limit emergence of @entity5 cell variants resistant to one or more antineoplastic agents. Advances in molecular biology offer exciting prospects for the identification of new therapeutic targets in @entity1 @entity5 cells, for the induction of alterations in @entity5 cells that could serve as therapeutic targets, and for the elucidation of the mechanisms responsible for the rapid phenotypic diversification of @entity5 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Pathogenesis of XXXX : implications for current therapy and for the development of new therapeutic strategies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumor', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic disease']


abstract: @entity6237 is a new class 1 c antiarrhythmic drug. It slows conduction in the working myocardium and the specialized conduction system and may depress sinus node activity in @entity1 with pre-existing @entity1817 . Its hemodynamic effects are minimal. The drug is completely absorbed and shows a half-life of 7-22 hours. Elimination is mainly through the kidneys. @entity6237 is highly effective in the treatment of @entity943 , @entity591 . Side effects are mild and consist mostly of dizziness, @entity227 , and nervousness. They rarely require discontinuation of therapy. Proarrhythmic effects have been reported. Caution is required in @entity1 with @entity712 , @entity713 , and/or @entity5036 .

title: XXXX : a new antiarrhythmic drug.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['Flecainide acetate', 'Flecainide']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['pre-excitation syndromes and AV reentry tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus node disease']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle-branch block or sinus node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity6237 :: (MESH:D005424,Chemical) :: ['Flecainide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the efficacy of an experimental Dual-Focus (DF) soft contact lens in reducing @entity18061 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, paired-eye control, investigator-masked trial with cross-over. @entity1 : Forty @entity1 , 11-14 years old, with mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of -2.71    1.10 diopters (D). METHODS: Dual-Focus lenses had a central zone that corrected @entity2516 and concentric treatment zones that created 2.00 D of simultaneous myopic retinal defocus during distance and near viewing. Control was a @entity227 ( @entity227 ) lens with the same parameters but without treatment zones. @entity1 wore a DF lens in 1 randomly assigned eye and an @entity227 lens in the fellow eye for 10 months (period 1). Lens assignment was then swapped between eyes, and lenses were worn for a further 10 months ( @entity5394 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was change in SER measured by cycloplegic autorefraction over 10 months. Secondary outcome was a change in @entity735 ( @entity735 ) measured by partial coherence interferometry over 10 months. Accommodation wearing DF lenses was assessed using an open-field autorefractor. RESULTS: In period 1, the mean change in SER with DF lenses (-0.44    0.33 D) was less than with @entity227 lenses (-0.69    0.38 D; P < 0.001); mean increase in @entity735 was also less with DF lenses (0.11    0.09 mm) than with @entity227 lenses (0.22    0.10 mm; P < 0.001). In 70% of the @entity1 , @entity18061 was reduced by 30% or more in the eye wearing the DF lens relative to that wearing the @entity227 lens. Similar reductions in @entity18061 and @entity735 were also observed with DF lens wear during @entity5394 . Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity with DF lenses were not significantly different than with @entity227 lenses. Accommodation to a target at 40 cm was driven through the central distance-correction zone of the DF lens. CONCLUSIONS: Dual-Focus lenses provided normal acuity and contrast sensitivity and allowed accommodation to near targets. @entity1714 progression and eye elongation were reduced significantly in eyes wearing DF lenses. The data suggest that sustained myopic defocus, even when presented to the retina simultaneously with a clear image, can act to slow @entity18061 without compromising visual function. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

title: Effect of dual-focus soft contact lens wear on XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['SVD', 'single vision distance']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['axial eye length', 'axial eye elongation', 'AXL']

entities_list: @entity18061 :: ('MESH:D047728', 'Disease') :: ['myopia progression']

answer: @entity18061 :: (MESH:D047728,Disease) :: ['axial myopia progression']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the efficacy of an experimental Dual-Focus (DF) soft contact lens in reducing @entity18061 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, paired-eye control, investigator-masked trial with cross-over. @entity1 : Forty @entity1 , 11-14 years old, with mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of -2.71    1.10 diopters (D). METHODS: Dual-Focus lenses had a central zone that corrected @entity2516 and concentric treatment zones that created 2.00 D of simultaneous myopic retinal defocus during distance and near viewing. Control was a @entity227 ( @entity227 ) lens with the same parameters but without treatment zones. @entity1 wore a DF lens in 1 randomly assigned eye and an @entity227 lens in the fellow eye for 10 months (period 1). Lens assignment was then swapped between eyes, and lenses were worn for a further 10 months ( @entity5394 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was change in SER measured by cycloplegic autorefraction over 10 months. Secondary outcome was a change in @entity735 ( @entity735 ) measured by partial coherence interferometry over 10 months. Accommodation wearing DF lenses was assessed using an open-field autorefractor. RESULTS: In period 1, the mean change in SER with DF lenses (-0.44    0.33 D) was less than with @entity227 lenses (-0.69    0.38 D; P < 0.001); mean increase in @entity735 was also less with DF lenses (0.11    0.09 mm) than with @entity227 lenses (0.22    0.10 mm; P < 0.001). In 70% of the @entity1 , @entity18061 was reduced by 30% or more in the eye wearing the DF lens relative to that wearing the @entity227 lens. Similar reductions in @entity18061 and @entity735 were also observed with DF lens wear during @entity5394 . Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity with DF lenses were not significantly different than with @entity227 lenses. Accommodation to a target at 40 cm was driven through the central distance-correction zone of the DF lens. CONCLUSIONS: Dual-Focus lenses provided normal acuity and contrast sensitivity and allowed accommodation to near targets. @entity1714 progression and eye elongation were reduced significantly in eyes wearing DF lenses. The data suggest that sustained myopic defocus, even when presented to the retina simultaneously with a clear image, can act to slow @entity18061 without compromising visual function. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

title: Effect of dual-focus soft contact lens wear on @entity18061 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity438 ( @entity438 ) are relatively uncommon, they are clinically relevant because of the risk of @entity397 . Optimal management is a matter of debate and involves the use of percutaneous endovascular stenting, which has limitations, versus the  open surgical approach which can lead to significant morbidity. The present study reports the outcomes of robot-assisted surgery for @entity5475 and its role in overcoming many of the limitations of laparoscopy. METHODS: A total of nine @entity1 with incidentally detected @entity438 underwent a surgery between September 2001 and November 2007. Six of these nine @entity1 underwent a robot-assisted @entity439 resection with vascular reconstruction. The remaining three cases included one robotic arterial ligation, one robotic partial splenectomy, and one laparoscopic splenectomy. RESULTS: The mean operating time was 212    61 minutes (range: 90-300), mean intraoperative @entity190 was 186.6    202.4 mL (range: 0-500), and mean hospital stay was 7.1    3.7 days (range: 3-14). The morbidity rate was 11.1% and no mortality was reported. Doppler-ultrasonography surveillance showed regular organ perfusion in all @entity1 with vascular reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Robot-assisted surgery for @entity5475 represents one of the most advanced developments among minimally invasive procedures and can become an important option for the treatment of this disease.

title: Robot-assisted treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['splenic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery aneurysms', 'SAAs']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['splenic artery aneurysms']


abstract: Although @entity8146 ( @entity8146 ) is a commonly encountered @entity99 during infancy, @entity8146 -related @entity1375 is rare. We present a @entity1 who developed @entity8146 -related @entity1375 during the neonatal period and showed marked improvement in @entity1375 by regression of @entity8146 . A 28-day-old @entity1 with TSH level of 77 mIU/mL on neonatal screening and diagnosed as @entity6750 was started on @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) (11  g/kg/day) therapy on the 21(th) day of life. On physical examination, the liver was palpable 5 cm below the right costal margin, and the thyroid gland was nonpalpable. Thyroid ultrasonography was normal. Although @entity2016 dose was increased to 15  g/kg/day, TSH was not suppressed and free T3 level remained low. @entity409 was detected by abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment was started with @entity617 2 mg/kg/day and alpha-interferon 3 million U/m(2)/3 times per week. @entity1374 was thought to be due to type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase activity expressed by @entity8146 . @entity2016 therapy was changed to Bitiron   tablet, which includes both T4 and T3, and euthyroidism was attained within 1 month. Thyroid hormone requirement was reduced and treatment was discontinued after regression of the @entity8146 . At the most recent visit, the @entity1 was 21 months old and off treatment. His growth and neurological development were normal for age and he was euthyroid. @entity8146 should be considered in cases with @entity1375 resistant to high-dose @entity6145 replacement. The treatment of @entity8146 in combination with T4 and T3 therapy results in euthyroidism.

title: @entity1375 due to XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'severe hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['HHE in both lobes of the liver']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['HHE', 'hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: Although @entity8146 ( @entity8146 ) is a commonly encountered @entity99 during infancy, @entity8146 -related @entity1375 is rare. We present a @entity1 who developed @entity8146 -related @entity1375 during the neonatal period and showed marked improvement in @entity1375 by regression of @entity8146 . A 28-day-old @entity1 with TSH level of 77 mIU/mL on neonatal screening and diagnosed as @entity6750 was started on @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) (11  g/kg/day) therapy on the 21(th) day of life. On physical examination, the liver was palpable 5 cm below the right costal margin, and the thyroid gland was nonpalpable. Thyroid ultrasonography was normal. Although @entity2016 dose was increased to 15  g/kg/day, TSH was not suppressed and free T3 level remained low. @entity409 was detected by abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment was started with @entity617 2 mg/kg/day and alpha-interferon 3 million U/m(2)/3 times per week. @entity1374 was thought to be due to type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase activity expressed by @entity8146 . @entity2016 therapy was changed to Bitiron   tablet, which includes both T4 and T3, and euthyroidism was attained within 1 month. Thyroid hormone requirement was reduced and treatment was discontinued after regression of the @entity8146 . At the most recent visit, the @entity1 was 21 months old and off treatment. His growth and neurological development were normal for age and he was euthyroid. @entity8146 should be considered in cases with @entity1375 resistant to high-dose @entity6145 replacement. The treatment of @entity8146 in combination with T4 and T3 therapy results in euthyroidism.

title: XXXX due to @entity99 : a case report.

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Hypothyroidism']


abstract: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin is effective therapy for multifocal @entity150 . The duration of this favorable response and its effect on disease progression are the subject of this report. Between March 1978 and July 1981, 47 @entity1 with diffuse, often symptomatic, @entity2735 were treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin and followed every 3 to 4 months with cystoendoscopy, biopsy and urine cytology for 3 to 6 years. All @entity1 had had prior or concurrent superficial @entity5 controlled initially by transurethral resection and fulguration 2 to 3 weeks before bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment. Of the 47 @entity1 23 were entered into a randomized study, and received intravesical and percutaneous bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Another 24 @entity1 with @entity2735 were treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin alone. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (Pasteur strain) was given intravesically (120 mg. in 50 ml. saline) weekly for 6 weeks. Of the 47 @entity1 32 (68 per cent) are free of disease (negative urine cytology, cystoendoscopy and biopsy): 15 (65 per cent) after combined bacillus Calmette-Guerin for a median duration of 51 months (range 37 to 75 months) and 17 (71 per cent) after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin alone for a median of 45 months (range 36 to 53 months). Of the 23 @entity1 in the randomized study 4 (17 per cent) have required cystectomy for local progression of disease compared to 17 of 26 controls (65 per cent) who were randomized to transurethral resection and fulguration alone. Cystectomy was performed 3 to 27 months after bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment and in 3 @entity1 @entity5 was localized to the prostate gland (no @entity5 found within the bladder). These data indicate that intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin is capable of producing long-term remissions of @entity2735 in high risk @entity1 and may prevent or delay progression of disease necessitating cystectomy.

title: Long-term effect of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin on flat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'papillary tumors']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma in situ of the bladder']


abstract: We report on 44 consecutive @entity1 who underwent 1-stage @entity2650 repair based on a urethral splent ( @entity1346 pleated stent). The severity of @entity2650 ranged from subcoronal in 12 cases and distal in 23 to midshaft in 4 and penoscrotal in 5. In the first 15 @entity1 of this series the splent was used with a suprapubic tube. All @entity1 were able to void within the first 36 hours postoperatively. The next 29 @entity1 underwent repairs without the use of a bladder catheter, including 15 who had outpatient procedures. None of the 44 @entity1 has required subsequent catheterization or hospitalization. There have been 2 fistulas in this series. The urethral splent permits normal voiding through and drainage of the neourethra in a variety of @entity2650 repairs. The splent expands and contracts with the degree of @entity4 and permits catheterization should this be necessary. The advantages of @entity2650 repair without bladder drainage, such as short hospital stay, total ambulation, and decreased potential for @entity1494 , can be realized with the use of a urethral splent.

title: XXXX repair without a bladder drainage catheter.

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['infection and bladder spasm']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['Hypospadias']


abstract: Interactions of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and prostacyclin (PGI2) with @entity141 on the isometric contraction of @entity95 detrusor muscle strips were studied using two types of @entity141 antagonists of different mechanisms of action: @entity1855 and @entity1854 (NP). The effects of PGI2 on vesicourethral smooth muscle and their relationship with cholinergic, adrenergic receptors and nervous activity were also investigated. @entity1421 and F2 alpha (3 X 10(-8) to 3 X 10(-5) M) caused dose-dependent contraction of the strips. Pretreatment of the strips with @entity1855 (10(-7) to 10(-5)M) significantly inhibited PGs-induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner, whereas NP(10(-7) to 10(-5)M) failed to suppress the contraction. Relaxation of the preparations once contracted by @entity1421 and F2 alpha (3 X 10(-6)M) was induced completely by addition of @entity1855 (10(-5)M), and incompletely by NP(10(-5) to 10(-3)M). Washing of the strips with @entity141 -free solution containing 0.01 mM @entity4527 completely eliminated spontaneous activity and diminished basal tension, but replenishment of @entity141 (0.5 to 10 mM) to the medium caused dose-related contraction and spontaneous activity of the strips. Addition of @entity1421 and F2 alpha to the @entity141 -free medium enhanced @entity141 -induced contraction and spontaneous activity during @entity141 replenishment, which were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with @entity1855 (10(-7) to 10(-5)M) in a dose-dependent manner, but not affected by NP (10(-7) to 10(-5)M). In @entity141 -free medium containing 0.1 mM @entity4527 , @entity1421 and F2 alpha caused a slight degree of tension increase of the strips dose-dependently at the higher concentration exceeding 3 X 10(-6)M. PGI2 (10(-9) to 3 X 10(-4)M) caused dose-dependent contraction of the strips from the bladder body, base and the urethra. The contractile action of PGI2 was greatest on the bladder body, less on the base and minimal on the urethra. The effect of PGI2 was less potent than those of @entity1421 and F2 alpha. The PGI2-induced contraction was slow in onset, short lasting, and not affected by pretreatment with @entity5521 , @entity1169 , @entity3897 , @entity4033 , @entity11348 and tetrodotoxin. The interactions of PGI2 with @entity141 were similar to those of @entity1421 and F2 alpha.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The mode of action of XXXX , F2 alpha and prostacyclin on vesicourethral smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity11348 :: ('MESH:D006426', 'Chemical') :: ['hemicholinium-3']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: Ninety-six @entity1 with severe @entity2150 who received a sex-mismatched, HLA-identical allogeneic sibling marrow transplant had sequential cytogenetic analyses performed to determine the incidence and implications of posttransplant mixed hematologic chimerism. Of the 96 @entity1 , 56 (58.3%) became mixed chimeras with coexisting host and donor cells detected in peripheral blood or marrow 14 days or later after transplant, and 40 @entity1 (41.7%) were complete chimeras with 100% donor-type hematopoietic cells. The incidence of mixed chimerism was independent of prior blood production transfusions and infusion of donor buffy coat. The rejection rate was significantly increased in the mixed chimeric group, particularly in @entity1 not receiving buffy coat (14 of 36 rejecting), although overall, the majority (69.7%) retained their first graft. Rejection was seen almost exclusively in @entity1 exposed to multiple transfusions before transplantation. If @entity1 who reject their first graft are censored, the overall incidence of grades II through IV acute @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was significantly reduced in those with mixed chimerism. Transfused @entity1 with mixed chimerism in particular were less likely to develop grades II through IV acute @entity2132 . The incidence of chronic @entity2132 was similar in the two groups and did not significantly influence survival. In this study, mixed chimerism persisted for up to 395 days posttransplant, either the first graft being rejected or, more commonly, hematopoiesis reverting to 100% donor-type cells. Mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism may persist in @entity1 with @entity2150 who have received matched allogeneic marrow transplants for significant periods before hematopoiesis reverts to donor cell type.

title: Mixed hematologic chimerism after allogeneic marrow transplantation for severe XXXX is associated with a higher risk of graft rejection and a lessened incidence of @entity2132 .

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-v-host disease']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: Ninety-six @entity1 with severe @entity2150 who received a sex-mismatched, HLA-identical allogeneic sibling marrow transplant had sequential cytogenetic analyses performed to determine the incidence and implications of posttransplant mixed hematologic chimerism. Of the 96 @entity1 , 56 (58.3%) became mixed chimeras with coexisting host and donor cells detected in peripheral blood or marrow 14 days or later after transplant, and 40 @entity1 (41.7%) were complete chimeras with 100% donor-type hematopoietic cells. The incidence of mixed chimerism was independent of prior blood production transfusions and infusion of donor buffy coat. The rejection rate was significantly increased in the mixed chimeric group, particularly in @entity1 not receiving buffy coat (14 of 36 rejecting), although overall, the majority (69.7%) retained their first graft. Rejection was seen almost exclusively in @entity1 exposed to multiple transfusions before transplantation. If @entity1 who reject their first graft are censored, the overall incidence of grades II through IV acute @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was significantly reduced in those with mixed chimerism. Transfused @entity1 with mixed chimerism in particular were less likely to develop grades II through IV acute @entity2132 . The incidence of chronic @entity2132 was similar in the two groups and did not significantly influence survival. In this study, mixed chimerism persisted for up to 395 days posttransplant, either the first graft being rejected or, more commonly, hematopoiesis reverting to 100% donor-type cells. Mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism may persist in @entity1 with @entity2150 who have received matched allogeneic marrow transplants for significant periods before hematopoiesis reverts to donor cell type.

title: Mixed hematologic chimerism after allogeneic marrow transplantation for severe @entity2150 is associated with a higher risk of graft rejection and a lessened incidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: Many physicians believe that the @entity10441 is invariably associated with @entity148 or undiagnosed @entity347 such as @entity358 , or both. Twenty one @entity1 referred by specialist physicians with unexplained somatic symptoms and unequivocal chronic @entity13147 (resting end tidal Pco2 less than or equal to 4 kPa (30 mm Hg) on repeated occasions during prolonged measurement) were investigated. All but one complained of inability to take a satisfying breath. Standard lung function test results and chest radiographs were normal in all @entity1 , but @entity112 challenge showed bronchial hyper-reactivity in two of 20 @entity1 tested, and skin tests to common allergens were positive in three of 18. Ventilation-perfusion scanning was abnormal in a further three of 15 @entity1 studied, with unmatched perfusion defects in two and isolated ventilation defects in one. None of the 21 had @entity2743 , severe @entity301 , or other relevant @entity65 . Ten of the 21 @entity1 were @entity6004 and suffered from chronic @entity146 disturbance characterised by @entity148 , @entity4697 , and phobic symptoms. The remainder had no detectable @entity146 but reported proportionately more somatic than @entity148 . Severe hyperventilation can occur in the absence of formal @entity146 or detectable respiratory or other @entity347 . Asthma and @entity358 must be specifically excluded.

title: Respiratory and XXXX in chronic symptomatic hyperventilation.

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity10441 :: ('MESH:D006985', 'Disease') :: ['hyperventilation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['asthma and pulmonary embolus', 'pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity13147 :: ('MESH:D016857', 'Disease') :: ['hypocapnia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic abnormalities', 'organic disease']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric abnormalities']


abstract: The specific transcription of a cloned @entity238 @entity72404 gene and a @entity72405 gene by extracts from a homologous embryonic cell line showed lag periods of about 30 min before maximum rates were reached. This lag appeared to represent the time to form an active transcription complex. Thus, when extracts were incubated with template DNA for 30 min at 22 degrees C and stored in the cold, the subsequent transcription rate was linear with time and without a lag. After ultracentrifugation of a preincubated reaction mixture on a @entity969 step gradient consisting of 20, 30, 40, and 60% shelves, about 40% of the transcription activity in the extract was found in the 40% shelf. This fraction formed almost exclusively RNA I, the unprocessed tRNA gene transcript, and transcription required only addition of @entity8660 . The rate of formation of RNA by the 40% @entity969 fraction was linear against time, with no lag, and linear with the quantity of fraction. The yield of activity isolated on the gradient was directly proportional to the quantity of cloned gene in the preincubation mixture. At a limiting concentration of the gene in the preincubation mixture, the turnover number of the isolated complex was approximately 50 transcripts/gene/h. @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis of fractions containing the complex still showed many bands, although the complex activity was greatly purified compared to the extract. From the sedimentation behavior of the isolated active transcription complex and from its stability and transcriptional properties, we conclude that the 40% @entity969 fraction contains an active transcription complex containing a cloned tRNA gene, @entity60097 , and the accessory protein factors required for transcription.

title: Partial purification of stable transcription complexes with cloned tRNA genes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity8660 :: ('CHEBI:17972', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleoside triphosphates']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']