abstract: The mortality and morbidity were assessed during a 2-year follow-up in an acute intervention trial in suspected acute @entity583 with @entity1406 (a selective beta 1-blocker). On admission to the trial, the 1395 participating @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity1406 or placebo for 3 months. Thereafter, if there was no contraindication, @entity1 with @entity1188 and/or @entity951 were continued on @entity1406 for 2 years. A lower mortality was observed after 3 months in @entity1 randomised to @entity1406 . The difference remained after 2 years. The difference in 2-year mortality rate was restricted to @entity1 randomised early after onset of @entity158 . Late @entity1188 was observed more often in the placebo group during the first 3 months. When the two groups thereafter were treated similarly, the difference successively declined and did not remain after 2 years. A similar incidence of @entity951 was observed in the two groups at each check up. During the early recovery period, more @entity1 in the @entity1406 group returned to work. No such difference was observed later on.

title: The influence of early intervention in acute @entity583 on long-term mortality and morbidity as assessed in the G  teborg XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1406 :: (MESH:D008790,Chemical) :: ['metoprolol']


abstract: The mortality and morbidity were assessed during a 2-year follow-up in an acute intervention trial in suspected acute @entity583 with @entity1406 (a selective beta 1-blocker). On admission to the trial, the 1395 participating @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity1406 or placebo for 3 months. Thereafter, if there was no contraindication, @entity1 with @entity1188 and/or @entity951 were continued on @entity1406 for 2 years. A lower mortality was observed after 3 months in @entity1 randomised to @entity1406 . The difference remained after 2 years. The difference in 2-year mortality rate was restricted to @entity1 randomised early after onset of @entity158 . Late @entity1188 was observed more often in the placebo group during the first 3 months. When the two groups thereafter were treated similarly, the difference successively declined and did not remain after 2 years. A similar incidence of @entity951 was observed in the two groups at each check up. During the early recovery period, more @entity1 in the @entity1406 group returned to work. No such difference was observed later on.

title: The influence of early intervention in acute XXXX on long-term mortality and morbidity as assessed in the G  teborg @entity1406 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful transcatheter closure of @entity118 ( @entity118 ) requires the accurate assessment of defect size and morphology. Assessment of @entity2438 anatomy may be difficult by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that real-time three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) may provide more accurate morphologic assessment of @entity118 than multiplane 2D TEE. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity118 were imaged using 2D and real-time 3D TEE. @entity2438 shape and size were assessed using 3D TEE retrospectively. Maximal @entity2438 dimensions obtained by 3D TEE were compared with unstretched and balloon-stretched dimensions on 2D TEE. Planimetered defect area by 3D TEE was compared with area calculated using the @entity7085 formula from 2D imaging. Twenty of the 24 @entity1 underwent transcatheter @entity2438 closure. Closure device size was based on findings on 2D TEE. Follow-up was conducted by 2D transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: Of the 24 @entity118 , 6 (25%) were circular, 10 (42%) were oval, and 8 (33%) were complex in shape. The mean maximal dimension was larger by 3D TEE compared with 2D TEE (1.8    0.8 vs 1.5    0.6 cm; P < .05). There was no difference in the mean area measured by either modality, but for complex-shaped defects, area measured by 3D TEE was larger than that by 2D TEE (2.8    1.3 vs 1.7    1.4 cm(2); P < .05). Follow-up transthoracic echocardiography was available for 19 of the 20 @entity1 undergoing transcatheter closure. Nine @entity1 had residual right-to-left shunting 1 to 6 months after @entity2438 closure, and the majority of these were complex in shape. In @entity1 with residual shunting, @entity2438 area by 3D TEE was 27% larger than by 2D TEE, whereas in @entity1 without residual shunting, there was significantly less discrepancy between 3D and 2D areas (19%; P  = .0027). CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional TEE can identify @entity2438 shape. Maximal dimensions on 3D TEE were well correlated with balloon-stretched 2D dimensions. Two-dimensional TEE can underestimate the area of complex-shaped @entity118 , which may result in residual right-to-left shunting.

title: Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in @entity1 with secundum XXXX : outcomes following transcatheter closure.

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASDs']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful transcatheter closure of @entity118 ( @entity118 ) requires the accurate assessment of defect size and morphology. Assessment of @entity2438 anatomy may be difficult by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that real-time three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) may provide more accurate morphologic assessment of @entity118 than multiplane 2D TEE. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity118 were imaged using 2D and real-time 3D TEE. @entity2438 shape and size were assessed using 3D TEE retrospectively. Maximal @entity2438 dimensions obtained by 3D TEE were compared with unstretched and balloon-stretched dimensions on 2D TEE. Planimetered defect area by 3D TEE was compared with area calculated using the @entity7085 formula from 2D imaging. Twenty of the 24 @entity1 underwent transcatheter @entity2438 closure. Closure device size was based on findings on 2D TEE. Follow-up was conducted by 2D transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: Of the 24 @entity118 , 6 (25%) were circular, 10 (42%) were oval, and 8 (33%) were complex in shape. The mean maximal dimension was larger by 3D TEE compared with 2D TEE (1.8    0.8 vs 1.5    0.6 cm; P < .05). There was no difference in the mean area measured by either modality, but for complex-shaped defects, area measured by 3D TEE was larger than that by 2D TEE (2.8    1.3 vs 1.7    1.4 cm(2); P < .05). Follow-up transthoracic echocardiography was available for 19 of the 20 @entity1 undergoing transcatheter closure. Nine @entity1 had residual right-to-left shunting 1 to 6 months after @entity2438 closure, and the majority of these were complex in shape. In @entity1 with residual shunting, @entity2438 area by 3D TEE was 27% larger than by 2D TEE, whereas in @entity1 without residual shunting, there was significantly less discrepancy between 3D and 2D areas (19%; P  = .0027). CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional TEE can identify @entity2438 shape. Maximal dimensions on 3D TEE were well correlated with balloon-stretched 2D dimensions. Two-dimensional TEE can underestimate the area of complex-shaped @entity118 , which may result in residual right-to-left shunting.

title: Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in XXXX with secundum @entity118 : outcomes following transcatheter closure.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A multi-center study was carried out to compare the healing rates of @entity5616 300 mg nocte and 150 mg b.i.d. in the short-term treatment of @entity2275 and to assess the side-effect liability of @entity5616 300 mg given in a single daily dose. Forty-five outpatients suffering from endoscopically and bioptically proven uncomplicated benign @entity2275 were selected for the study. The @entity1 were treated, for 4 weeks, on the basis of a double-blind randomized design. An endoscopic examination was repeated within 4 days after the end of the treatments. The @entity1 who did not demonstrate complete healing were treated for an additional 4-week period. Clinical controls were performed to evaluate symptoms, antacid consumption, compliance with trial tablet consumption; hematological and biochemical tests were also carried out at the end of the 4 and 8-week periods. No differences were observed between the healing rate induced by 300 mg nocte and 150 mg b.i.d., after 4 weeks of treatment (76% and 79% respectively) and after 8 weeks (100% in both groups). Similar results were obtained as far as symptoms, antacid consumption and compliance are concerned. Neither treatment regimen induced appreciable side-effects.

title: A double-blind controlled trial of XXXX 300 mg nocte and @entity5616 150 mg b.i.d. in the short-term treatment of @entity2275 .

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: A multi-center study was carried out to compare the healing rates of @entity5616 300 mg nocte and 150 mg b.i.d. in the short-term treatment of @entity2275 and to assess the side-effect liability of @entity5616 300 mg given in a single daily dose. Forty-five outpatients suffering from endoscopically and bioptically proven uncomplicated benign @entity2275 were selected for the study. The @entity1 were treated, for 4 weeks, on the basis of a double-blind randomized design. An endoscopic examination was repeated within 4 days after the end of the treatments. The @entity1 who did not demonstrate complete healing were treated for an additional 4-week period. Clinical controls were performed to evaluate symptoms, antacid consumption, compliance with trial tablet consumption; hematological and biochemical tests were also carried out at the end of the 4 and 8-week periods. No differences were observed between the healing rate induced by 300 mg nocte and 150 mg b.i.d., after 4 weeks of treatment (76% and 79% respectively) and after 8 weeks (100% in both groups). Similar results were obtained as far as symptoms, antacid consumption and compliance are concerned. Neither treatment regimen induced appreciable side-effects.

title: A double-blind controlled trial of @entity5616 300 mg nocte and XXXX 150 mg b.i.d. in the short-term treatment of @entity2275 .

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: A multi-center study was carried out to compare the healing rates of @entity5616 300 mg nocte and 150 mg b.i.d. in the short-term treatment of @entity2275 and to assess the side-effect liability of @entity5616 300 mg given in a single daily dose. Forty-five outpatients suffering from endoscopically and bioptically proven uncomplicated benign @entity2275 were selected for the study. The @entity1 were treated, for 4 weeks, on the basis of a double-blind randomized design. An endoscopic examination was repeated within 4 days after the end of the treatments. The @entity1 who did not demonstrate complete healing were treated for an additional 4-week period. Clinical controls were performed to evaluate symptoms, antacid consumption, compliance with trial tablet consumption; hematological and biochemical tests were also carried out at the end of the 4 and 8-week periods. No differences were observed between the healing rate induced by 300 mg nocte and 150 mg b.i.d., after 4 weeks of treatment (76% and 79% respectively) and after 8 weeks (100% in both groups). Similar results were obtained as far as symptoms, antacid consumption and compliance are concerned. Neither treatment regimen induced appreciable side-effects.

title: A double-blind controlled trial of @entity5616 300 mg nocte and @entity5616 150 mg b.i.d. in the short-term treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['gastric ulcer']


abstract: A rational approach can be taken in the dental office to @entity155 and replantation. Consideration must be given to: Extraoral time. During this critical time, the prognosis for successful replantation noticeably decreases as the out-of-mouth time increases. Transport. Preferably the tooth will be transported in the socket, but milk or water may be used to keep the tooth moist. The buccal vestibule may be recommended for adults and teenagers but not for young @entity1 . Root surface. The root surface must not be handled, scraped, brushed, or have any part removed; it can be rinsed with sterile water, saline, or tap water but not with caustic solutions, disinfectants, or medicaments to clean the surface. Endodontic treatment. A tooth with an open apex should be evaluated bimonthly for revitalization. A tooth with a fully formed apex should have the pulp removed in 7 to 14 days after @entity155 . Status of the alveolar process. @entity174 may require a modified splint design to provide additional strength for a longer splinting duration. Obturation materials. @entity6086 paste is used for a minimum of 6 to 24 months before filling permanently with gutta-percha. Selection of a splint. Each case is different and should be treated as such. Special consideration must be given to splint design, which will directly influence the desired result. Although any number of splints may be effective, inherent advantages and disadvantages of each should be understood fully by the clinician. This is where the art, the clinical experience, and the common sense of endodontic therapy dictate the proper splint and appropriate duration of splinting for the @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Splinting and replantation after traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Alveolar fractures']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']


abstract: Prostacyclin (PGI2) has been used extensively in @entity1 clinical trials and animal studies, but because of its instability, knowledge of its pharmacokinetics has progressed slowly. We assayed plasma PGI2 concentrations with a quantitative chromatographic method following bolus intravenous injection and during continuous infusion in @entity95 . Blood pressure response was correlated with plasma PGI2 concentrations and compared with the concentrations necessary to inhibit @entity1423 in vitro. A two-compartment model was used to analyze the elimination kinetics for PGI2 after a single injection. The half-life of the terminal elimination phase was 2.7 minutes. The calculated systemic clearance and whole body volume of distribution were 93 ml/kg/min and 357 ml/kg, respectively. During continuous infusion, steady-state plasma concentrations were reached within 15 minutes and increased linearly with increasing infusion rate from 4.2 to 604 ng/kg/min, which resulted in PGI2 concentrations of 0.06 +/- 0.01 to 7.6 +/- 2.1 ng/ml, respectively. At steady-state plasma concentrations of PGI2 greater than 0.1 ng/ml, the mean arterial blood pressure decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, reaching a decrease of 45 mm Hg when the plasma concentration was 7.6 ng/ml. @entity4770 caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of @entity857 -induced @entity1423 in vitro with 10% inhibition at 0.4 ng/ml. These results indicate that in the @entity95 the level of PGI2 at which the onset of @entity551 occurs coincides with the inhibition of @entity1423 .

title: Intravenous administration of @entity4770 in XXXX : elimination kinetics and blood pressure response.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Prostacyclin (PGI2) has been used extensively in @entity1 clinical trials and animal studies, but because of its instability, knowledge of its pharmacokinetics has progressed slowly. We assayed plasma PGI2 concentrations with a quantitative chromatographic method following bolus intravenous injection and during continuous infusion in @entity95 . Blood pressure response was correlated with plasma PGI2 concentrations and compared with the concentrations necessary to inhibit @entity1423 in vitro. A two-compartment model was used to analyze the elimination kinetics for PGI2 after a single injection. The half-life of the terminal elimination phase was 2.7 minutes. The calculated systemic clearance and whole body volume of distribution were 93 ml/kg/min and 357 ml/kg, respectively. During continuous infusion, steady-state plasma concentrations were reached within 15 minutes and increased linearly with increasing infusion rate from 4.2 to 604 ng/kg/min, which resulted in PGI2 concentrations of 0.06 +/- 0.01 to 7.6 +/- 2.1 ng/ml, respectively. At steady-state plasma concentrations of PGI2 greater than 0.1 ng/ml, the mean arterial blood pressure decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, reaching a decrease of 45 mm Hg when the plasma concentration was 7.6 ng/ml. @entity4770 caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of @entity857 -induced @entity1423 in vitro with 10% inhibition at 0.4 ng/ml. These results indicate that in the @entity95 the level of PGI2 at which the onset of @entity551 occurs coincides with the inhibition of @entity1423 .

title: Intravenous administration of XXXX in @entity95 : elimination kinetics and blood pressure response.

answer: @entity4770 :: (MESH:D011464,Chemical) :: ['prostacyclin']


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity4841 , @entity4125 , @entity490 , melena and leg @entity4 . Laboratory findings showed an increased serum @entity1011 level (2.4 mg/dL), @entity811 and massive @entity644 (10.7 g/day). Renal biopsy revealed diffuse endocapillary proliferation and focal @entity7622 with IgA deposition predominantly in the glomerular capillary walls. Based on these findings, he was diagnosed as having Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity7860 and @entity134 therapy was started. Following @entity134 therapy, his @entity1985 state remained unchanged, although his renal function improved concomitantly with the disappearance of @entity4841 , @entity4125 and abdominal symptoms. Therefore, @entity205 was added to the @entity134 therapy to enhance immunosuppression. However, melena recurred and @entity417 progressed. Endoscopy revealed @entity1066 in the duodenum and jejunum, and clipping was performed at some @entity548 sites. However, he died of @entity548 . The autopsy revealed that @entity548 having @entity2803 spread widely in the stomach, duodenum and jejunum. Recurrence of @entity360 during the treatment of Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity7860 is usually due to severe @entity1333 or @entity134 ulcer. However, in @entity1 receiving strong immunosuppressive therapy, @entity2803 needs to be considered as cause of @entity360 .

title: [Autopsy case of Henoch-Sch  nlein XXXX complicated with intestinal @entity2803 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['man', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhagic shock', 'hemorrhagic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['multiple ulcers']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ['purpura nephritis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial proliferation']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity7860 :: (MESH:D019867,Disease) :: ['purpura nephritis']


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity4841 , @entity4125 , @entity490 , melena and leg @entity4 . Laboratory findings showed an increased serum @entity1011 level (2.4 mg/dL), @entity811 and massive @entity644 (10.7 g/day). Renal biopsy revealed diffuse endocapillary proliferation and focal @entity7622 with IgA deposition predominantly in the glomerular capillary walls. Based on these findings, he was diagnosed as having Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity7860 and @entity134 therapy was started. Following @entity134 therapy, his @entity1985 state remained unchanged, although his renal function improved concomitantly with the disappearance of @entity4841 , @entity4125 and abdominal symptoms. Therefore, @entity205 was added to the @entity134 therapy to enhance immunosuppression. However, melena recurred and @entity417 progressed. Endoscopy revealed @entity1066 in the duodenum and jejunum, and clipping was performed at some @entity548 sites. However, he died of @entity548 . The autopsy revealed that @entity548 having @entity2803 spread widely in the stomach, duodenum and jejunum. Recurrence of @entity360 during the treatment of Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity7860 is usually due to severe @entity1333 or @entity134 ulcer. However, in @entity1 receiving strong immunosuppressive therapy, @entity2803 needs to be considered as cause of @entity360 .

title: [Autopsy case of Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity7860 complicated with intestinal XXXX ].

answer: @entity2803 :: (MESH:D003586,Disease) :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']


abstract: Two types of modified distal splenorenal shunt with expanded @entity736 (Gore-Tex; WL Gore _ Associates Inc., Elkton, Md.) interposition were performed in 18 consecutive @entity1 with esophageal or esophagogastric varices. There were 12 @entity1 and six @entity1 ranging in age from 32 to 76 years. The causes of portal @entity101 were @entity1575 in 15 @entity1 , chronic @entity99 in two, and @entity28406 in one. In five @entity1 the left gastric vein branched off from the splenic vein; bilateral gastric venous decompression was achieved by preserving the splenic vein. Porta-azygos disconnection was routinely performed by confirming repeated intraoperative direct splenoportography. The operations were elective in seven and were @entity341 in five @entity1 . Six @entity1 underwent a prophylactic shunt; all @entity1 had "red color signs" endoscopically, and three of them had concomitant @entity157 . Postoperative morbidity was minimal and there was no mortality. Shunt patency was confirmed angiographically in all @entity1 14 to 56 days after surgery. The varices disappeared or significantly improved in all @entity1 . No @entity1 had variceal bleeding postoperatively. @entity99 was transiently seen in one (the oldest) @entity1 .

title: Modified distal splenorenal shunt with expanded XXXX interposition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity28406 :: ('MESH:C537903', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic encephalopathy', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: @entity460 -dependent binding of C-reactive protein (CRP) to @entity54 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A homogenate of young hyphae was fractionated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography followed by gel filtration. High CRP-binding activity was found in a fraction of mol. wt c. 500,000 which was characterised by strong binding to the hydrophobic column. Three fractions of less conspicuous CRP-binding activity were identified (c. 500 000, 150 000 and 150 000-50 000 mol. wt respectively). In these four fractions, @entity2945 was detected by an anti- @entity2945 mouse hybridoma antibody. Some CRP-binding activity in fractions with low affinity for the hydrophobic column did not correspond closely with the presence of @entity2945 . It is suggested that C-reactive substance in A. fumigatus is heterogeneous. The C-reactive substances did not correspond with fractions containing major antigens (470 000 and 250 000 mol. wt respectively) which elicit a strong immune response in @entity1 .

title: Binding of C-reactive protein to XXXX fractions.

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorylcholine']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous absorption of topically applied 0.05% @entity6914 ( @entity16973 ) can be assessed indirectly by measuring @entity701 levels. A direct way is to measure systemic levels of topically applied @entity16973 . METHODS: Serum concentrations of @entity16973 were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 ), and were related to serum @entity701 levels in 25 @entity1 with an exacerbation of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) before and after the first day of treatment with 0.05% @entity16973 in hospital. The body surface area (BSA) affected by @entity483 was measured. RESULTS: Before the start of 0.05% @entity16973 treatment, normal @entity701 levels were measured (0.47    0.18  mol/l) and @entity16973 concentrations could not be detected. After the first day of treatment, @entity701 levels decreased to 0.04    0.05  mol/l. Serum concentrations of @entity16973 could be detected in all @entity1 (0.112-4.504 ng/ml). Levels did not differ between @entity1 who had received two applications versus one application of 0.05% @entity16973 . There was no correlation between the affected BSA and serum concentrations of @entity16973 . CONCLUSION: Serum levels of @entity16973 can be measured by LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 . When prescribing 0.05% @entity16973 , one must bear in mind that, even after an application of 20-30 g, @entity16973 is systemically available and potent enough to induce adrenal gland suppression.

title: The potency of @entity6914 : serum levels of @entity6914 and adrenal function during therapy with 0.05% @entity6914 in @entity1 with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity6914 :: ('MESH:D002990', 'Chemical') :: ['clobetasol propionate']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous absorption of topically applied 0.05% @entity6914 ( @entity16973 ) can be assessed indirectly by measuring @entity701 levels. A direct way is to measure systemic levels of topically applied @entity16973 . METHODS: Serum concentrations of @entity16973 were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 ), and were related to serum @entity701 levels in 25 @entity1 with an exacerbation of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) before and after the first day of treatment with 0.05% @entity16973 in hospital. The body surface area (BSA) affected by @entity483 was measured. RESULTS: Before the start of 0.05% @entity16973 treatment, normal @entity701 levels were measured (0.47    0.18  mol/l) and @entity16973 concentrations could not be detected. After the first day of treatment, @entity701 levels decreased to 0.04    0.05  mol/l. Serum concentrations of @entity16973 could be detected in all @entity1 (0.112-4.504 ng/ml). Levels did not differ between @entity1 who had received two applications versus one application of 0.05% @entity16973 . There was no correlation between the affected BSA and serum concentrations of @entity16973 . CONCLUSION: Serum levels of @entity16973 can be measured by LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 . When prescribing 0.05% @entity16973 , one must bear in mind that, even after an application of 20-30 g, @entity16973 is systemically available and potent enough to induce adrenal gland suppression.

title: The potency of XXXX : serum levels of @entity6914 and adrenal function during therapy with 0.05% @entity6914 in @entity1 with severe @entity483 .

answer: @entity6914 :: (MESH:D002990,Chemical) :: ['clobetasol propionate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous absorption of topically applied 0.05% @entity6914 ( @entity16973 ) can be assessed indirectly by measuring @entity701 levels. A direct way is to measure systemic levels of topically applied @entity16973 . METHODS: Serum concentrations of @entity16973 were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 ), and were related to serum @entity701 levels in 25 @entity1 with an exacerbation of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) before and after the first day of treatment with 0.05% @entity16973 in hospital. The body surface area (BSA) affected by @entity483 was measured. RESULTS: Before the start of 0.05% @entity16973 treatment, normal @entity701 levels were measured (0.47    0.18  mol/l) and @entity16973 concentrations could not be detected. After the first day of treatment, @entity701 levels decreased to 0.04    0.05  mol/l. Serum concentrations of @entity16973 could be detected in all @entity1 (0.112-4.504 ng/ml). Levels did not differ between @entity1 who had received two applications versus one application of 0.05% @entity16973 . There was no correlation between the affected BSA and serum concentrations of @entity16973 . CONCLUSION: Serum levels of @entity16973 can be measured by LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 . When prescribing 0.05% @entity16973 , one must bear in mind that, even after an application of 20-30 g, @entity16973 is systemically available and potent enough to induce adrenal gland suppression.

title: The potency of @entity6914 : serum levels of XXXX and adrenal function during therapy with 0.05% @entity6914 in @entity1 with severe @entity483 .

answer: @entity6914 :: (MESH:D002990,Chemical) :: ['clobetasol propionate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous absorption of topically applied 0.05% @entity6914 ( @entity16973 ) can be assessed indirectly by measuring @entity701 levels. A direct way is to measure systemic levels of topically applied @entity16973 . METHODS: Serum concentrations of @entity16973 were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 ), and were related to serum @entity701 levels in 25 @entity1 with an exacerbation of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) before and after the first day of treatment with 0.05% @entity16973 in hospital. The body surface area (BSA) affected by @entity483 was measured. RESULTS: Before the start of 0.05% @entity16973 treatment, normal @entity701 levels were measured (0.47    0.18  mol/l) and @entity16973 concentrations could not be detected. After the first day of treatment, @entity701 levels decreased to 0.04    0.05  mol/l. Serum concentrations of @entity16973 could be detected in all @entity1 (0.112-4.504 ng/ml). Levels did not differ between @entity1 who had received two applications versus one application of 0.05% @entity16973 . There was no correlation between the affected BSA and serum concentrations of @entity16973 . CONCLUSION: Serum levels of @entity16973 can be measured by LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 . When prescribing 0.05% @entity16973 , one must bear in mind that, even after an application of 20-30 g, @entity16973 is systemically available and potent enough to induce adrenal gland suppression.

title: The potency of @entity6914 : serum levels of @entity6914 and adrenal function during therapy with 0.05% XXXX in @entity1 with severe @entity483 .

answer: @entity6914 :: (MESH:D002990,Chemical) :: ['clobetasol propionate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous absorption of topically applied 0.05% @entity6914 ( @entity16973 ) can be assessed indirectly by measuring @entity701 levels. A direct way is to measure systemic levels of topically applied @entity16973 . METHODS: Serum concentrations of @entity16973 were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 ), and were related to serum @entity701 levels in 25 @entity1 with an exacerbation of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) before and after the first day of treatment with 0.05% @entity16973 in hospital. The body surface area (BSA) affected by @entity483 was measured. RESULTS: Before the start of 0.05% @entity16973 treatment, normal @entity701 levels were measured (0.47    0.18  mol/l) and @entity16973 concentrations could not be detected. After the first day of treatment, @entity701 levels decreased to 0.04    0.05  mol/l. Serum concentrations of @entity16973 could be detected in all @entity1 (0.112-4.504 ng/ml). Levels did not differ between @entity1 who had received two applications versus one application of 0.05% @entity16973 . There was no correlation between the affected BSA and serum concentrations of @entity16973 . CONCLUSION: Serum levels of @entity16973 can be measured by LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 . When prescribing 0.05% @entity16973 , one must bear in mind that, even after an application of 20-30 g, @entity16973 is systemically available and potent enough to induce adrenal gland suppression.

title: The potency of @entity6914 : serum levels of @entity6914 and adrenal function during therapy with 0.05% @entity6914 in XXXX with severe @entity483 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate the effect of a single intravitreal ranibizumab injection in eyes with non-arteritic anterior @entity1781 . METHODS: Four eyes of four @entity1 comprised the study group. In addition to a standard ocular examination, visual field testing and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness analysis were performed prior to injection and one and three months after the injection. RESULTS: Mean time between @entity227 and the intravitreal injection was 7.8 days (range, 2-15 days). The mean age of @entity1 was 58.2 years (range, 45-63 years). After a single dose of ranibizumab injection, all @entity1 experienced a @entity227 . Mean visual acuity (VA) was 1.15    0.26 logMar before the injection and improved to 0.37    0.09 logMar at the third post-injection month. The mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography significantly decreased after the injection in all eyes. No complication related to the injections was observed during the following three months. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal ranibizumab injection may be a treatment option in eyes with non-arteritic anterior @entity1781 and a short disease history.

title: Single intravitreal ranibizumab injection in eyes with acute non-arteritic anterior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual gain', 'visual loss']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['ischaemic optic neuropathy']


abstract: @entity1823 ( @entity1823 ) is generally considered to be a benign periampullary lesion, although it is unclear whether it should be classified as a @entity4607 or as a @entity5 . Here, we present a @entity1823 case with lymph node @entity3 . A 16-year-old @entity1 complained of exertional @entity1353 . Upper endoscopy and imaging studies revealed a polypoid @entity5 . Pancreaticoduodenectomy with lymph node dissection was performed due to swelling of peripancreatic lymph nodes. Histologically, the @entity5 consisted of three cell types: epithelioid; spindle; and ganglion cells. In addition to these typical components of @entity1823 , a distinct glandular component was also present. There was substantial invasion of @entity5 cells into the lymphovascular vessels, associated with lymph node @entity3 . These lymph node @entity3 were histologically similar to the @entity5 . To judge from these findings @entity1823 may be a true @entity5 with metastatic capacity. Pre- and intraoperative investigations for lymph node or distant @entity3 are required for adequate resection of this kind of @entity5 .

title: @entity1823 with regional lymph node XXXX and a glandular component.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'ampullary tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['GP', 'Gangliocytic paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity1823 ( @entity1823 ) is generally considered to be a benign periampullary lesion, although it is unclear whether it should be classified as a @entity4607 or as a @entity5 . Here, we present a @entity1823 case with lymph node @entity3 . A 16-year-old @entity1 complained of exertional @entity1353 . Upper endoscopy and imaging studies revealed a polypoid @entity5 . Pancreaticoduodenectomy with lymph node dissection was performed due to swelling of peripancreatic lymph nodes. Histologically, the @entity5 consisted of three cell types: epithelioid; spindle; and ganglion cells. In addition to these typical components of @entity1823 , a distinct glandular component was also present. There was substantial invasion of @entity5 cells into the lymphovascular vessels, associated with lymph node @entity3 . These lymph node @entity3 were histologically similar to the @entity5 . To judge from these findings @entity1823 may be a true @entity5 with metastatic capacity. Pre- and intraoperative investigations for lymph node or distant @entity3 are required for adequate resection of this kind of @entity5 .

title: XXXX with regional lymph node @entity3 and a glandular component.

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Most gastrointestinal (GI) illness within the UK goes undetected by routine surveillance. A national telephone helpline for health advice (NHS Direct) offers a new source of data on @entity344 . We aim to describe NHS Direct calls suggestive of @entity344 and the outcome of these calls. METHODS: Details of over 150000 telephone calls were collected from NHS Direct over a 6-month period. Calls about ' @entity294 ', ' @entity391 ' or ' @entity6766 ' were defined as GI calls and described according to the age of the @entity1 and call outcome. RESULTS: Gastrointestinal calls accounted for 10.3% of total calls (' @entity294 '=4.9%, ' @entity391 '=5.1%). GI calls as a proportion of total calls were significantly high in @entity1 under 1 year (23.5%) and aged 1-4 years (21.5%). Call outcomes which resulted in further NHS care being recommended accounted for 72.3% of total calls and 54.5% of GI calls. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of NHS Direct calls were about GI symptoms especially for @entity1 under 5 years. When compared with all NHS Direct calls, GI calls were less likely to result in further NHS care being recommended. Analysis of NHS Direct calls provides further insight into @entity344 in the community.

title: What can analysis of calls to NHS direct tell us about the epidemiology of XXXX in the community?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food poisoning']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI infection']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal infections']


abstract: To evaluate the prognostic value of LP-PLA2 and hs-CRP to the stability of @entity731 . Forty-eight New Zealand White @entity95 were randomly divided into control group, stable plaque group, P53 group, and P53 + drug group. @entity95 in the control group were fed a regular diet. @entity95 in stable plaque group, P53 group, and P53 + drug group underwent balloon-induced @entity1317 and then were fed a diet of 1% @entity165 . Then the @entity95 in the P53 group and P53 + drug group underwent Ad5- @entity2834 P53 transfection in the 10th week; The P53 + drug group underwent pharmacologic triggering with @entity9115 venom (RVV) and @entity112 in 24 h and 48 h before euthanized. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used before sacrificing of the animal. In the 0 week and 12th week, @entity95 underwent fast blood collection from the medium-sized artery of the ears, and the serum LP-PLA2 and hs-CRP level was determined. The animal altherosclerotic (AS) model was successfully gained and the rules of serum LP-PLA2 and hs-CRP level in instable plaque were discovered: serum LP-PLA2 in P53 group and P53 + drug group were significantly different from the control group and the stable group, while hs-CRP failed to differ between the control group and the stable group and succeeded in different degrees of unstable plague. The relationship analysis of serum and IVUS results revealed LP-PLA2 might predict an instability of plaque. Combining serum Lp-PLA2 and hs-CRP has higher specificity in predicting the vulnerability of the plaque.

title: Prognostic value of serum LP-PLA2 and hs-CRP in unstable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9115 :: ('8707', 'Species') :: ["Russell's viper"]

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial wall injury']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']


abstract: This study analyzes the value of surgery in the treatment, staging and long-term survival of 17 @entity1 affected with primary @entity6595 . In 7 @entity1 the @entity5 was localized to the lower third of the stomach, in three to the middle third, in two to the upper third, while in 5 @entity1 there was involvement of the entire stomach. @entity1 were classified according to the Ann-Arbor classification. Nine @entity1 were stage Ie, five stage Ile, and three stage IVe. A partial gastrectomy was carried out in ten @entity1 and total gastrectomy in 7. In all cases surgical excision of the @entity6595 was performed together with intraoperative staging including bilateral hepatic biopsies, and exploration of all abdominal lymph nodes. Two @entity204 occurred among the 7 @entity1 who underwent total gastrectomy but no major complications were observed in the remaining 5 @entity1 . No @entity204 occurred among the 10 @entity1 who underwent partial gastrectomy, but in one case an acute complication developed. Staging laparotomy permitted the correction of clinical staging, and showed that three cases were understaged and one overstaged. All @entity1 received adjuvant chemio-radiotherapy. All but one @entity1 are currently alive, well and free of disease. Survival was correlated significantly with the stage of the disease and extent of gastric involvement, but there was no correlation between survival, histological grade, and the type of gastrectomy performed.

title: Surgery in primary XXXX : impact on clinical staging and long-term survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deaths', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric lymphoma']


abstract: Glycolysis is one of the central routes of @entity505 catabolism in @entity3881 . Several glycolytic enzymes, including the key enzyme @entity16335 dehydrogenase, are encoded in the hexacistronic gapA operon. Expression of this operon is induced by a variety of @entity3363 and @entity1522 . Under non-inducing conditions, expression is repressed by the CggR repressor protein, the product of the promoter-proximal gene of the operon. Here, it is shown that the amount of @entity16335 dehydrogenase encoded by the second gene of the operon exceeds that of the CggR repressor by about 100-fold. This differential synthesis was attributed to an mRNA processing event that takes place at the 3' end of the cggR open reading frame and to differential segmental stabilities of the resulting cleavage products. The mRNA specifying the truncated cggR gene is quickly degraded, whereas the downstream processing products encompassing gapA are quite stable. This increased stability is conferred by the presence of a stem-loop structure at the 5' end of the processed mRNAs. Mutations were introduced in the region of the cleavage site. A mutation affecting the stability of the stem-loop structure immediately downstream of the processing site had two effects. First, the steady-state transcript pattern was drastically shifted towards the primary transcripts; second, the stability of the processed mRNA containing the destabilized stem-loop structure was strongly decreased. This results in a reduction of the amount of @entity16335 dehydrogenase in the cell. It is concluded that mRNA processing is involved in differential syntheses of the proteins encoded by the gapA operon.

title: Expression of the glycolytic gapA operon in XXXX : differential syntheses of proteins encoded by the operon.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity16335 :: ('MESH:D005986', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reproductive performance of non-pregnant @entity1 with @entity7992 ( @entity7992 ) and the association between @entity7992 and @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) in reproductive failure. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty non-pregnant @entity1 with 3 or more consecutive @entity7992 attending our @entity7992 clinic were evaluated prospectively. Detailed history and physical examination were completed. Extensive laboratory investigations, ultrasonographic, radiological and specialized procedures/tests were performed. Those @entity1 who did not achieve pregnancy within the first 6 months of follow-up had appropriate treatment options implemented. The outcome of any subsequent pregnancies was analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 33.8 +/- 4.6 years (range 22-43 years). The aetiological factors associated with @entity7992 were @entity2008 , @entity1478 , @entity1701 , @entity3610 and @entity281 ; 40% were 'unexplained'. Thirty @entity1 (60%) were able to achieve viable pregnancies which progressed to term, resulting in live births. Fourteen of the other 20 @entity1 had high body mass index (BMI) >30 and evidence of @entity3610 . Of these 20 @entity1 , 13 eventually achieved pregnancies which ended again in first-second-trimester abortions (cause undetermined). The remaining 7 @entity1 (4 with high BMI) who had a combination of male factor/protracted @entity3610 / @entity2670 did not achieve pregnancies. CONCLUSION: The association of @entity7992 with @entity3610 resulted in poor reproductive performance, which may progress to reproductive failure.

title: The relationship of XXXX with reproductive failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity7992 :: ('MESH:D000026', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent spontaneous miscarriage', 'RSM']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['uterine abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome anomaly']

answer: @entity7992 :: (MESH:D000026,Disease) :: ['recurrent spontaneous miscarriage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity174 causes severe @entity158 that can seriously compromise respiratory mechanics and exacerbate underlying @entity651 and pre-existing @entity1576 , predisposing to @entity1576 . The cornerstone of management is early institution of effective @entity158 relief, the subject of this review. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was conducted for the years 1966 through and up to December 2002 for @entity1 studies written in English using the keywords " @entity174 ", " @entity1337 ", "blunt @entity764 ", " @entity764 ". The reference list of key articles was also searched for relevant articles. The various analgesic techniques used in @entity1 with multiple @entity174 were summarized. RESULTS: Analgesia could be provided using systemic opioids, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation or non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Alternatively, regional analgesic techniques such as @entity616 , epidural @entity1337 , intrathecal opioids, interpleural @entity1337 and thoracic @entity616 have been used effectively. Although invasive, in general, regional blocks tend to be more effective than systemic opioids, and produce less systemic side effects. CONCLUSION: Based on current evidence it is difficult to recommend a single method that can be safely and effectively used for @entity1337 in all circumstances in @entity1 with multiple @entity174 . By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each analgesic technique, the clinician can weigh the risks and benefits and individualize @entity158 management based on the clinical setting and the extent of @entity130 .

title: Acute @entity158 management of @entity1 with multiple XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple rib fracture', 'fractured ribs', 'rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma', 'thoracic injury", and "nerve block']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['paravertebral block', 'intercostal nerve block']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractured ribs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity174 causes severe @entity158 that can seriously compromise respiratory mechanics and exacerbate underlying @entity651 and pre-existing @entity1576 , predisposing to @entity1576 . The cornerstone of management is early institution of effective @entity158 relief, the subject of this review. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was conducted for the years 1966 through and up to December 2002 for @entity1 studies written in English using the keywords " @entity174 ", " @entity1337 ", "blunt @entity764 ", " @entity764 ". The reference list of key articles was also searched for relevant articles. The various analgesic techniques used in @entity1 with multiple @entity174 were summarized. RESULTS: Analgesia could be provided using systemic opioids, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation or non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Alternatively, regional analgesic techniques such as @entity616 , epidural @entity1337 , intrathecal opioids, interpleural @entity1337 and thoracic @entity616 have been used effectively. Although invasive, in general, regional blocks tend to be more effective than systemic opioids, and produce less systemic side effects. CONCLUSION: Based on current evidence it is difficult to recommend a single method that can be safely and effectively used for @entity1337 in all circumstances in @entity1 with multiple @entity174 . By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each analgesic technique, the clinician can weigh the risks and benefits and individualize @entity158 management based on the clinical setting and the extent of @entity130 .

title: Acute XXXX management of @entity1 with multiple @entity174 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity174 causes severe @entity158 that can seriously compromise respiratory mechanics and exacerbate underlying @entity651 and pre-existing @entity1576 , predisposing to @entity1576 . The cornerstone of management is early institution of effective @entity158 relief, the subject of this review. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was conducted for the years 1966 through and up to December 2002 for @entity1 studies written in English using the keywords " @entity174 ", " @entity1337 ", "blunt @entity764 ", " @entity764 ". The reference list of key articles was also searched for relevant articles. The various analgesic techniques used in @entity1 with multiple @entity174 were summarized. RESULTS: Analgesia could be provided using systemic opioids, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation or non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Alternatively, regional analgesic techniques such as @entity616 , epidural @entity1337 , intrathecal opioids, interpleural @entity1337 and thoracic @entity616 have been used effectively. Although invasive, in general, regional blocks tend to be more effective than systemic opioids, and produce less systemic side effects. CONCLUSION: Based on current evidence it is difficult to recommend a single method that can be safely and effectively used for @entity1337 in all circumstances in @entity1 with multiple @entity174 . By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each analgesic technique, the clinician can weigh the risks and benefits and individualize @entity158 management based on the clinical setting and the extent of @entity130 .

title: Acute @entity158 management of XXXX with multiple @entity174 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective study evaluates two groups of @entity1 with @entity1635 and @entity1555 , treated with two different surgical stabilization methods. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fixation to the sacropelvis is always necessary for adequate stabilization of @entity1635 in @entity1555 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Pelvic fixation is generally recommended for @entity1635 in @entity1555 . Recent studies describe a more selective approach toward lumbar or pelvic fixation. Pelvic fixation is reserved for larger curves and established pelvic tilt. METHODS: Fifty cases of @entity1555 , operated in two different centers and followed up for a minimum of 3 years, were reviewed. In the first group (Oswestry), 31 @entity1 had fixation to the pelvis, using standard Luque instrumentation and pelvic fixation. The Galveston technique was used in 9 cases and L-rod configuration in 22 cases. In the second group (Nottingham), 19 cases had fixation to L5 using pedicle screws in the lumbar spine and sublaminar wires in the thoracic spine. These cases were operated on early, usually shortly after becoming wheelchair dependent. RESULTS: In the pelvic fixation group, the mean age at the time of surgery was 14 years, and forced vital capacity was 44%. The mean Cobb angle and @entity530 were 48 degrees and 19.8 degrees at the time of surgery, 16.7 degrees and 7.2 degrees immediately after surgery, and 22 degrees and 11.6 degrees at the final follow-up (mean 4.6 years), respectively. The mean @entity190 was 4.1 L, and the average hospital stay was 17 days. There were five major complications, including a deep wound @entity281 in one case, revision of instrumentation prominence at the proximal end in two cases, and loosening of pelvic fixation in two cases. In the lumbar fixation group, the mean age at the time of surgery was 11.7 years, and forced vital capacity was 58%. The mean Cobb angle and @entity530 were 19.8 degrees and 9 degrees at the time of surgery, 3.2 degrees and 2.2 degrees immediately after surgery, and 5.2 degrees and 2.9 degrees at the final follow-up (mean 3.5 years), respectively. The mean estimated @entity190 (3.3 L) and mean hospital stay (7.7 days) were much less compared with the pelvic fixation group. @entity530 was corrected and maintained below 10 degrees in all but two cases, who had an initial @entity530 exceeding 20 degrees. One @entity1 had instrumentation failure at the proximal end, and one had a deep wound @entity281 . CONCLUSION: Lumbar fixation to L5 is adequate if the surgery is performed early, soon after becoming wheelchair bound, and with smaller curves and minimal @entity530 . Use of pedicle screws in lumbar spine provides a solid foundation to maintain the correction over the period of relatively short life expectancy of these @entity1 . Pelvic fixation may be necessary in older @entity1 , who have larger curves and established @entity530 . In the presence of deteriorating lung function, this is associated with a greater morbidity and higher complication rate.

title: Pelvic or lumbar fixation for the surgical management of XXXX in @entity1555 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic obliquity', 'Pelvic obliquity']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective study evaluates two groups of @entity1 with @entity1635 and @entity1555 , treated with two different surgical stabilization methods. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fixation to the sacropelvis is always necessary for adequate stabilization of @entity1635 in @entity1555 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Pelvic fixation is generally recommended for @entity1635 in @entity1555 . Recent studies describe a more selective approach toward lumbar or pelvic fixation. Pelvic fixation is reserved for larger curves and established pelvic tilt. METHODS: Fifty cases of @entity1555 , operated in two different centers and followed up for a minimum of 3 years, were reviewed. In the first group (Oswestry), 31 @entity1 had fixation to the pelvis, using standard Luque instrumentation and pelvic fixation. The Galveston technique was used in 9 cases and L-rod configuration in 22 cases. In the second group (Nottingham), 19 cases had fixation to L5 using pedicle screws in the lumbar spine and sublaminar wires in the thoracic spine. These cases were operated on early, usually shortly after becoming wheelchair dependent. RESULTS: In the pelvic fixation group, the mean age at the time of surgery was 14 years, and forced vital capacity was 44%. The mean Cobb angle and @entity530 were 48 degrees and 19.8 degrees at the time of surgery, 16.7 degrees and 7.2 degrees immediately after surgery, and 22 degrees and 11.6 degrees at the final follow-up (mean 4.6 years), respectively. The mean @entity190 was 4.1 L, and the average hospital stay was 17 days. There were five major complications, including a deep wound @entity281 in one case, revision of instrumentation prominence at the proximal end in two cases, and loosening of pelvic fixation in two cases. In the lumbar fixation group, the mean age at the time of surgery was 11.7 years, and forced vital capacity was 58%. The mean Cobb angle and @entity530 were 19.8 degrees and 9 degrees at the time of surgery, 3.2 degrees and 2.2 degrees immediately after surgery, and 5.2 degrees and 2.9 degrees at the final follow-up (mean 3.5 years), respectively. The mean estimated @entity190 (3.3 L) and mean hospital stay (7.7 days) were much less compared with the pelvic fixation group. @entity530 was corrected and maintained below 10 degrees in all but two cases, who had an initial @entity530 exceeding 20 degrees. One @entity1 had instrumentation failure at the proximal end, and one had a deep wound @entity281 . CONCLUSION: Lumbar fixation to L5 is adequate if the surgery is performed early, soon after becoming wheelchair bound, and with smaller curves and minimal @entity530 . Use of pedicle screws in lumbar spine provides a solid foundation to maintain the correction over the period of relatively short life expectancy of these @entity1 . Pelvic fixation may be necessary in older @entity1 , who have larger curves and established @entity530 . In the presence of deteriorating lung function, this is associated with a greater morbidity and higher complication rate.

title: Pelvic or lumbar fixation for the surgical management of @entity1635 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent clinical studies suggested that intrapartum maternal fever is a strong independent risk factor for neonatal @entity75 . With use of a well-studied @entity35 model of neonatal @entity63 , this study investigated the hypothesis that intraischemic @entity221 accelerates and worsens @entity1545 in immature animals and examined whether apoptotic cell death machinery is involved in the underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN: Seven-day-old @entity35 underwent a combination of left common carotid artery ligation and exposure to 8% @entity26 for 15 minutes (n = 32 @entity35 ). During the 15-minute @entity519 insult, body temperature was elevated to 40 degrees C in 16 animals ( @entity519 ), and was maintained at 37 degrees C in 16 animals (normothermic @entity519 insult group). Then both groups were placed in the same chamber in a water bath at 37 degrees C for 24 hours and finally returned to the mothers. @entity24182 activity was assessed 36 hours after the @entity63 . One week later, @entity19744 immunostaining was used to examine @entity528 . RESULTS: Intraischemic @entity221 was shown to activate the @entity4124 activity 36 hours after @entity519 - @entity63 while @entity4124 was activated insignificantly in the normothermic @entity519 insult group at that time. The @entity519 also showed a reduced @entity19744 -positive area 7 days after @entity519 - @entity63 compared with that in the normothermia group. CONCLUSION: @entity221 during @entity519 - @entity63 makes the immature brain inordinately susceptible to @entity63 and causes @entity1545 , even if @entity63 is so mild that it causes no or @entity130 by itself. This effect may be mediated by the escalation of the apoptotic cell death pathway in the immature animal.

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity75 in the immature @entity35 : its influence on @entity24182 protease.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encepalopathy', 'hypoxic-ischemic insult', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermic hypoxic insult group', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity19744 :: ('25595(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein-2']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['little injury']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent clinical studies suggested that intrapartum maternal fever is a strong independent risk factor for neonatal @entity75 . With use of a well-studied @entity35 model of neonatal @entity63 , this study investigated the hypothesis that intraischemic @entity221 accelerates and worsens @entity1545 in immature animals and examined whether apoptotic cell death machinery is involved in the underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN: Seven-day-old @entity35 underwent a combination of left common carotid artery ligation and exposure to 8% @entity26 for 15 minutes (n = 32 @entity35 ). During the 15-minute @entity519 insult, body temperature was elevated to 40 degrees C in 16 animals ( @entity519 ), and was maintained at 37 degrees C in 16 animals (normothermic @entity519 insult group). Then both groups were placed in the same chamber in a water bath at 37 degrees C for 24 hours and finally returned to the mothers. @entity24182 activity was assessed 36 hours after the @entity63 . One week later, @entity19744 immunostaining was used to examine @entity528 . RESULTS: Intraischemic @entity221 was shown to activate the @entity4124 activity 36 hours after @entity519 - @entity63 while @entity4124 was activated insignificantly in the normothermic @entity519 insult group at that time. The @entity519 also showed a reduced @entity19744 -positive area 7 days after @entity519 - @entity63 compared with that in the normothermia group. CONCLUSION: @entity221 during @entity519 - @entity63 makes the immature brain inordinately susceptible to @entity63 and causes @entity1545 , even if @entity63 is so mild that it causes no or @entity130 by itself. This effect may be mediated by the escalation of the apoptotic cell death pathway in the immature animal.

title: Effects of @entity221 on @entity75 in the immature @entity35 : its influence on XXXX protease.

answer: @entity24182 :: (102554336,Gene) :: ['caspase-3-like']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent clinical studies suggested that intrapartum maternal fever is a strong independent risk factor for neonatal @entity75 . With use of a well-studied @entity35 model of neonatal @entity63 , this study investigated the hypothesis that intraischemic @entity221 accelerates and worsens @entity1545 in immature animals and examined whether apoptotic cell death machinery is involved in the underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN: Seven-day-old @entity35 underwent a combination of left common carotid artery ligation and exposure to 8% @entity26 for 15 minutes (n = 32 @entity35 ). During the 15-minute @entity519 insult, body temperature was elevated to 40 degrees C in 16 animals ( @entity519 ), and was maintained at 37 degrees C in 16 animals (normothermic @entity519 insult group). Then both groups were placed in the same chamber in a water bath at 37 degrees C for 24 hours and finally returned to the mothers. @entity24182 activity was assessed 36 hours after the @entity63 . One week later, @entity19744 immunostaining was used to examine @entity528 . RESULTS: Intraischemic @entity221 was shown to activate the @entity4124 activity 36 hours after @entity519 - @entity63 while @entity4124 was activated insignificantly in the normothermic @entity519 insult group at that time. The @entity519 also showed a reduced @entity19744 -positive area 7 days after @entity519 - @entity63 compared with that in the normothermia group. CONCLUSION: @entity221 during @entity519 - @entity63 makes the immature brain inordinately susceptible to @entity63 and causes @entity1545 , even if @entity63 is so mild that it causes no or @entity130 by itself. This effect may be mediated by the escalation of the apoptotic cell death pathway in the immature animal.

title: Effects of @entity221 on XXXX in the immature @entity35 : its influence on @entity24182 protease.

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent clinical studies suggested that intrapartum maternal fever is a strong independent risk factor for neonatal @entity75 . With use of a well-studied @entity35 model of neonatal @entity63 , this study investigated the hypothesis that intraischemic @entity221 accelerates and worsens @entity1545 in immature animals and examined whether apoptotic cell death machinery is involved in the underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN: Seven-day-old @entity35 underwent a combination of left common carotid artery ligation and exposure to 8% @entity26 for 15 minutes (n = 32 @entity35 ). During the 15-minute @entity519 insult, body temperature was elevated to 40 degrees C in 16 animals ( @entity519 ), and was maintained at 37 degrees C in 16 animals (normothermic @entity519 insult group). Then both groups were placed in the same chamber in a water bath at 37 degrees C for 24 hours and finally returned to the mothers. @entity24182 activity was assessed 36 hours after the @entity63 . One week later, @entity19744 immunostaining was used to examine @entity528 . RESULTS: Intraischemic @entity221 was shown to activate the @entity4124 activity 36 hours after @entity519 - @entity63 while @entity4124 was activated insignificantly in the normothermic @entity519 insult group at that time. The @entity519 also showed a reduced @entity19744 -positive area 7 days after @entity519 - @entity63 compared with that in the normothermia group. CONCLUSION: @entity221 during @entity519 - @entity63 makes the immature brain inordinately susceptible to @entity63 and causes @entity1545 , even if @entity63 is so mild that it causes no or @entity130 by itself. This effect may be mediated by the escalation of the apoptotic cell death pathway in the immature animal.

title: Effects of @entity221 on @entity75 in the immature XXXX : its influence on @entity24182 protease.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity378 is a single-agent @entity166 , which is the major cause of @entity204 around the world. Approximately one third of the world's population is infected with @entity378 ( @entity378 ) bacilli and at risk of developing active @entity378 . The purpose of this study was determined the impact of education based on health belief model in promoting behavior of smear-positive @entity1907 among @entity1 in Chabahar city, Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of the 80 smear-positive @entity1907 who referred to health centers in Chabahar voluntarily participated in this interventional study. The data collected using questionnaire based on health belief model. The data were analyzed by using paired t-test, independent t-test, pearson correlation and chi-square test with SPSS 16. RESULTS: The cognitive skills were increased significantly from 6.10 to 6.88 after intervention. All behavioral skills were increased significantly from 2.08 to 2.88 after implementing the intervention. Perceived severity was increased from11.08to12.19 significantly. Percepted benefits were enhanced significantly from 11.48 to 12.23. Mean percepted barrier was decreased significantly from 17.52 to 16.68. CONCLUSION: Findings demonstrated that implementing educational intervention programs can increase the level of knowledge and behavior of @entity1 regarding smear- positive @entity1907 initiatives.

title: Impact of Educational Intervention on @entity1 Behavior with Smear-positive XXXX : A Study Using the Health Belief Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Tuberculosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity378 is a single-agent @entity166 , which is the major cause of @entity204 around the world. Approximately one third of the world's population is infected with @entity378 ( @entity378 ) bacilli and at risk of developing active @entity378 . The purpose of this study was determined the impact of education based on health belief model in promoting behavior of smear-positive @entity1907 among @entity1 in Chabahar city, Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of the 80 smear-positive @entity1907 who referred to health centers in Chabahar voluntarily participated in this interventional study. The data collected using questionnaire based on health belief model. The data were analyzed by using paired t-test, independent t-test, pearson correlation and chi-square test with SPSS 16. RESULTS: The cognitive skills were increased significantly from 6.10 to 6.88 after intervention. All behavioral skills were increased significantly from 2.08 to 2.88 after implementing the intervention. Perceived severity was increased from11.08to12.19 significantly. Percepted benefits were enhanced significantly from 11.48 to 12.23. Mean percepted barrier was decreased significantly from 17.52 to 16.68. CONCLUSION: Findings demonstrated that implementing educational intervention programs can increase the level of knowledge and behavior of @entity1 regarding smear- positive @entity1907 initiatives.

title: Impact of Educational Intervention on XXXX Behavior with Smear-positive @entity1907 : A Study Using the Health Belief Model.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The ability to pump and manipulate fluid at the micron-scale is a basic requirement for microfluidic platforms. Many current manipulation methods, however, require expensive and bulky external supporting equipment, which are not typically compatible for portable applications. We have developed a contactless metal electro-osmotic micropump capable of pumping conductive buffers. The pump operates using two pairs of @entity2719 metal electrodes, which are activated using an external voltage source and separated from a main flow channel by a thin micron-scale @entity13768 ( @entity16549 ) membrane. The thin contactless membrane allows for field penetration and electro-osmotic flow within the microchannel, but eliminates electrode damage and sample contamination commonly associated with traditional DC electro-osmotic pumps that utilize electrodes in direct contact with the working fluid. Our previous work has demonstrated the effectiveness of this method in pumping deionized water. However, due to the high resistivity of @entity16549 , this method proved difficult to apply towards manipulating conductive buffers. To overcome this limitation, we fabricated conductive @entity17244 (CB) powder directly into the contactless @entity16549 membranes. The increased electrical conductivity of the contactless @entity16549 membrane significantly increased micropump performance. Using a microfluidic T-channel device and an electro-osmotic flow model, we determined the influence that CB has on pump pressure for CB weight percents varying between 0 and 20. The results demonstrate that the CB increases pump pressure by two orders of magnitude and enables effective operations with conductive buffers.

title: Contactless microfluidic pumping using microchannel-integrated XXXX composite membranes.

entities_list: @entity17244 :: ('MESH:D053260', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon black']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']

answer: @entity17244 :: (MESH:D053260,Chemical) :: ['carbon black']


abstract: Background. In March 2010, ANSM (Agence Nationale de S  curit   du Medicament), the French Medical Regulatory Authority, withdrew Poly Implant Proth  se (PIP) breast implants from the market due to the use of non-medical-grade @entity1346 gel. The aim of this study was to compare the removal rate (and reasons thereof) of breast implants produced by different manufacturers before the ANSM alert. Materials and Methods. From October 2006 to January 2010, 652 @entity1 received 944 implants after @entity0 surgery at the Gustave Roussy @entity5 Center, Paris (France). The complications and removal rates of the different implant brands used (PIP, Allergan, and P  rouse) were evaluated and compared. Results. PIP implants represented 50.6% of the used implants, Allergan 33.4%, and P  rouse 16%. The main reasons for implant removal were @entity1 dissatisfaction due to aesthetic problems (43.2%), @entity281 (22.2%), and capsular contracture (13.6%). Two years after implantation, 82% of P  rouse implants, 79% of PIP, and 79% of Allergan were still in situ. There was no difference in removal rate among implant brands. Conclusion. Before the ANSM alert concerning the higher rupture rate of PIP breast implants, our implant removal rate did not predict PIP implant failure related to the use of nonapproved @entity1346 gel.

title: Comparison of the Explantation Rate of Poly Implant Proth  se, Allergan, and P  rouse XXXX Breast Implants within the First Four Years after Reconstructive Surgery before the Poly Implant Proth  se Alert by the French Regulatory Authority.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['Silicone']


abstract: There is a worsening epidemic of @entity28 and @entity6 in the world. Life style interventions including dietary changes and increase in exercise can improve @entity413 metabolism and health in general. However, standard exercise programs are strenuous, time-consuming, and thus have low long-term compliance issues. We tested the feasibility of using high frequency, low amplitude whole body vibration (WBV) therapy to improve @entity413 metabolism in young type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) @entity19 . We also aimed to investigate the postulated anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties of WBV. Male db/db and db/m @entity19 were exposed to high frequency, low-amplitude WBV. Outcome parameters comprised of body weight, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, as well as interleukin (IL)-17 (a marker of helper T cells), @entity3744 ( @entity3744 ; a marker of regulatory T cells), and @entity2006 (an index of DNA injury) expression. Furthermore, a 24  h metabolic cage study was carried out immediately after the WBV protocol and fluid intake, urine excretion and urine osmolality were determined. WBV did not affect body weight but improved HbA1c levels in db/db @entity19 . Vibrated db/db @entity19 demonstrated less fluid intake and urine excretion but better urinary concentrating ability than their non-vibrated controls. Pro-inflammatory changes were significantly reduced, as indicated by reduced @entity636 but increased @entity3744 expression. WBV reduced @entity2006 in db/db @entity19 suggestive of cytoprotective effect. However, WBV was largely without significant effects on assessed parameters in db/m @entity19 . Collectively, our findings suggest that daily, short duration WBV may improve glycemic control, @entity4683 , @entity2011 , and urine osmolality in T2DM in association with reduced @entity32 . Thus, WBV may be a viable adjunctive treatment strategy in T2DM.

title: Whole body vibration therapy: a novel potential treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Recent developments in molecular cytogenetics allow the detection of genomic rearrangements at an unprecedented level leading to discoveries of previously unknown chromosomal imbalances (zygotic and post-zygotic/mosaic). These can be accompanied by a different kind of pathological genome variations, i.e. @entity1344 ( @entity2008 ) manifested as structural chromosomal rearrangements and low-level mosaic @entity2007 . Fortunately, combining whole-genome and single-cell molecular cytogenetic techniques with bioinformatics offers an opportunity to link genomic changes to specific molecular or cellular pathology. High-resolution chromosomal SNP microarray analysis was performed to study the genome of a 15-month-aged @entity1 presented with @entity245 , @entity600 , feeding problems, @entity2319 , @entity302 , and eye pathology. In addition, somatic @entity2008 ( @entity2008 ) were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Interstitial 5p13.3p13.2 duplication was revealed in the index @entity1 . Moreover, @entity2008 manifested almost exclusively as chromosome losses and gains ( @entity2007 ) was detected. Using bioinformatic analysis of SNP array data and FISH results, @entity2008 association with the genomic imbalance resulted from the duplication was proposed. The duplication was demonstrated to encompass genes implicated in cell cycle, programmed cell death, chromosome segregation and genome stability maintenance pathways as shown by an interactomic analysis. Genotype-phenotype correlations were observed, as well. To the best our knowledge, identical duplications have not been reported in the available literature. Apart from genotype-phenotype correlations, it was possible to propose a link between the duplication and @entity2008 ( @entity2007 ). This case study demonstrates that combining SNP array genomic analysis, bioinformatics and molecular cytogenetic evaluation of somatic genome variations is able to provide a view on cellular and molecular pathology in a personalized manner. Therefore, one can speculate that similar approaches targeting both interindividual and intercellular genomic variations could be useful for a better understanding of disease mechanisms and disease-related biological processes.

title: 5p13.3p13.2 duplication associated with @entity245 , @entity600 and @entity1344 manifested as low-level XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome instability']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal mutations', 'CIN']

answer: @entity2007 :: (MESH:D000782,Disease) :: ['aneuploidy']


abstract: Recent developments in molecular cytogenetics allow the detection of genomic rearrangements at an unprecedented level leading to discoveries of previously unknown chromosomal imbalances (zygotic and post-zygotic/mosaic). These can be accompanied by a different kind of pathological genome variations, i.e. @entity1344 ( @entity2008 ) manifested as structural chromosomal rearrangements and low-level mosaic @entity2007 . Fortunately, combining whole-genome and single-cell molecular cytogenetic techniques with bioinformatics offers an opportunity to link genomic changes to specific molecular or cellular pathology. High-resolution chromosomal SNP microarray analysis was performed to study the genome of a 15-month-aged @entity1 presented with @entity245 , @entity600 , feeding problems, @entity2319 , @entity302 , and eye pathology. In addition, somatic @entity2008 ( @entity2008 ) were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Interstitial 5p13.3p13.2 duplication was revealed in the index @entity1 . Moreover, @entity2008 manifested almost exclusively as chromosome losses and gains ( @entity2007 ) was detected. Using bioinformatic analysis of SNP array data and FISH results, @entity2008 association with the genomic imbalance resulted from the duplication was proposed. The duplication was demonstrated to encompass genes implicated in cell cycle, programmed cell death, chromosome segregation and genome stability maintenance pathways as shown by an interactomic analysis. Genotype-phenotype correlations were observed, as well. To the best our knowledge, identical duplications have not been reported in the available literature. Apart from genotype-phenotype correlations, it was possible to propose a link between the duplication and @entity2008 ( @entity2007 ). This case study demonstrates that combining SNP array genomic analysis, bioinformatics and molecular cytogenetic evaluation of somatic genome variations is able to provide a view on cellular and molecular pathology in a personalized manner. Therefore, one can speculate that similar approaches targeting both interindividual and intercellular genomic variations could be useful for a better understanding of disease mechanisms and disease-related biological processes.

title: 5p13.3p13.2 duplication associated with XXXX , @entity600 and @entity1344 manifested as low-level @entity2007 .

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['developmental delay']


abstract: Recent developments in molecular cytogenetics allow the detection of genomic rearrangements at an unprecedented level leading to discoveries of previously unknown chromosomal imbalances (zygotic and post-zygotic/mosaic). These can be accompanied by a different kind of pathological genome variations, i.e. @entity1344 ( @entity2008 ) manifested as structural chromosomal rearrangements and low-level mosaic @entity2007 . Fortunately, combining whole-genome and single-cell molecular cytogenetic techniques with bioinformatics offers an opportunity to link genomic changes to specific molecular or cellular pathology. High-resolution chromosomal SNP microarray analysis was performed to study the genome of a 15-month-aged @entity1 presented with @entity245 , @entity600 , feeding problems, @entity2319 , @entity302 , and eye pathology. In addition, somatic @entity2008 ( @entity2008 ) were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Interstitial 5p13.3p13.2 duplication was revealed in the index @entity1 . Moreover, @entity2008 manifested almost exclusively as chromosome losses and gains ( @entity2007 ) was detected. Using bioinformatic analysis of SNP array data and FISH results, @entity2008 association with the genomic imbalance resulted from the duplication was proposed. The duplication was demonstrated to encompass genes implicated in cell cycle, programmed cell death, chromosome segregation and genome stability maintenance pathways as shown by an interactomic analysis. Genotype-phenotype correlations were observed, as well. To the best our knowledge, identical duplications have not been reported in the available literature. Apart from genotype-phenotype correlations, it was possible to propose a link between the duplication and @entity2008 ( @entity2007 ). This case study demonstrates that combining SNP array genomic analysis, bioinformatics and molecular cytogenetic evaluation of somatic genome variations is able to provide a view on cellular and molecular pathology in a personalized manner. Therefore, one can speculate that similar approaches targeting both interindividual and intercellular genomic variations could be useful for a better understanding of disease mechanisms and disease-related biological processes.

title: 5p13.3p13.2 duplication associated with @entity245 , @entity600 and XXXX manifested as low-level @entity2007 .

answer: @entity1344 :: (MESH:D043171,Disease) :: ['chromosome instability']


abstract: Recent developments in molecular cytogenetics allow the detection of genomic rearrangements at an unprecedented level leading to discoveries of previously unknown chromosomal imbalances (zygotic and post-zygotic/mosaic). These can be accompanied by a different kind of pathological genome variations, i.e. @entity1344 ( @entity2008 ) manifested as structural chromosomal rearrangements and low-level mosaic @entity2007 . Fortunately, combining whole-genome and single-cell molecular cytogenetic techniques with bioinformatics offers an opportunity to link genomic changes to specific molecular or cellular pathology. High-resolution chromosomal SNP microarray analysis was performed to study the genome of a 15-month-aged @entity1 presented with @entity245 , @entity600 , feeding problems, @entity2319 , @entity302 , and eye pathology. In addition, somatic @entity2008 ( @entity2008 ) were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Interstitial 5p13.3p13.2 duplication was revealed in the index @entity1 . Moreover, @entity2008 manifested almost exclusively as chromosome losses and gains ( @entity2007 ) was detected. Using bioinformatic analysis of SNP array data and FISH results, @entity2008 association with the genomic imbalance resulted from the duplication was proposed. The duplication was demonstrated to encompass genes implicated in cell cycle, programmed cell death, chromosome segregation and genome stability maintenance pathways as shown by an interactomic analysis. Genotype-phenotype correlations were observed, as well. To the best our knowledge, identical duplications have not been reported in the available literature. Apart from genotype-phenotype correlations, it was possible to propose a link between the duplication and @entity2008 ( @entity2007 ). This case study demonstrates that combining SNP array genomic analysis, bioinformatics and molecular cytogenetic evaluation of somatic genome variations is able to provide a view on cellular and molecular pathology in a personalized manner. Therefore, one can speculate that similar approaches targeting both interindividual and intercellular genomic variations could be useful for a better understanding of disease mechanisms and disease-related biological processes.

title: 5p13.3p13.2 duplication associated with @entity245 , XXXX and @entity1344 manifested as low-level @entity2007 .

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['congenital malformations']


abstract: The role of telomerase activity in @entity5 progression of @entity1821 is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated 72 @entity1821 of different histological subtypes for an association between telomeric lengths and telomerase activity, and assessed the association between the catalytic subunit @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) and its activator @entity517 . Telomeric repeat fragment lengths were determined using radioactive DNA-fingerprint analysis with the telomere-specific probe (TTAGGG)(3), whereas telomerase activity was ascertained using the non-radioactive TRAP-assay. To evaluate the expression of @entity2215 and @entity517 , we applied real-time RT-PCR using a LightCycler. Eight @entity5 were investigated by microdissection. The @entity1758 -proliferation index and @entity2215 and @entity517 protein expression were determined immunohistochemically. Genetic alterations showed a high degree of @entity5 specificity. Highly malignant myxoid/round cell @entity1821 showed the longest telomeres, the strongest telomerase activity, and the highest @entity2215 and @entity517 expression levels compared with the pure myxoid variants (p < 0.001), which are of low malignancy. @entity1821 was characterized by zero or low @entity2215 and @entity517 expression and telomerase activity, but long telomeres, underlining their different pathogenetic pathway. Elevated gene expression was accompanied by protein immunopositivity. @entity1758 -proliferation index did not correlate with other molecular markers. We conclude that @entity2215 and @entity517 expression are associated with telomerase activity in @entity1821 . Elevated @entity2215 and @entity517 expression as well as high telomerase activity play a role in the @entity5 progression of this @entity242 type. Nevertheless, each histological subtype of @entity1821 is defined by a specific molecular pattern. Telomerase activation is the most common pathway in @entity1821 maintaining telomeric length.

title: Elevated telomerase activity, XXXX -, and @entity2215 mRNA expression: association with @entity5 progression in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['Pleomorphic liposarcoma', 'liposarcomas']

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-MYC']


abstract: The role of telomerase activity in @entity5 progression of @entity1821 is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated 72 @entity1821 of different histological subtypes for an association between telomeric lengths and telomerase activity, and assessed the association between the catalytic subunit @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) and its activator @entity517 . Telomeric repeat fragment lengths were determined using radioactive DNA-fingerprint analysis with the telomere-specific probe (TTAGGG)(3), whereas telomerase activity was ascertained using the non-radioactive TRAP-assay. To evaluate the expression of @entity2215 and @entity517 , we applied real-time RT-PCR using a LightCycler. Eight @entity5 were investigated by microdissection. The @entity1758 -proliferation index and @entity2215 and @entity517 protein expression were determined immunohistochemically. Genetic alterations showed a high degree of @entity5 specificity. Highly malignant myxoid/round cell @entity1821 showed the longest telomeres, the strongest telomerase activity, and the highest @entity2215 and @entity517 expression levels compared with the pure myxoid variants (p < 0.001), which are of low malignancy. @entity1821 was characterized by zero or low @entity2215 and @entity517 expression and telomerase activity, but long telomeres, underlining their different pathogenetic pathway. Elevated gene expression was accompanied by protein immunopositivity. @entity1758 -proliferation index did not correlate with other molecular markers. We conclude that @entity2215 and @entity517 expression are associated with telomerase activity in @entity1821 . Elevated @entity2215 and @entity517 expression as well as high telomerase activity play a role in the @entity5 progression of this @entity242 type. Nevertheless, each histological subtype of @entity1821 is defined by a specific molecular pattern. Telomerase activation is the most common pathway in @entity1821 maintaining telomeric length.

title: Elevated telomerase activity, @entity517 -, and XXXX mRNA expression: association with @entity5 progression in @entity5 .

answer: @entity2215 :: (7015,Gene) :: ['hTERT']


abstract: The role of telomerase activity in @entity5 progression of @entity1821 is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated 72 @entity1821 of different histological subtypes for an association between telomeric lengths and telomerase activity, and assessed the association between the catalytic subunit @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) and its activator @entity517 . Telomeric repeat fragment lengths were determined using radioactive DNA-fingerprint analysis with the telomere-specific probe (TTAGGG)(3), whereas telomerase activity was ascertained using the non-radioactive TRAP-assay. To evaluate the expression of @entity2215 and @entity517 , we applied real-time RT-PCR using a LightCycler. Eight @entity5 were investigated by microdissection. The @entity1758 -proliferation index and @entity2215 and @entity517 protein expression were determined immunohistochemically. Genetic alterations showed a high degree of @entity5 specificity. Highly malignant myxoid/round cell @entity1821 showed the longest telomeres, the strongest telomerase activity, and the highest @entity2215 and @entity517 expression levels compared with the pure myxoid variants (p < 0.001), which are of low malignancy. @entity1821 was characterized by zero or low @entity2215 and @entity517 expression and telomerase activity, but long telomeres, underlining their different pathogenetic pathway. Elevated gene expression was accompanied by protein immunopositivity. @entity1758 -proliferation index did not correlate with other molecular markers. We conclude that @entity2215 and @entity517 expression are associated with telomerase activity in @entity1821 . Elevated @entity2215 and @entity517 expression as well as high telomerase activity play a role in the @entity5 progression of this @entity242 type. Nevertheless, each histological subtype of @entity1821 is defined by a specific molecular pattern. Telomerase activation is the most common pathway in @entity1821 maintaining telomeric length.

title: Elevated telomerase activity, @entity517 -, and @entity2215 mRNA expression: association with XXXX progression in @entity5 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']