abstract: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial of intravenous @entity5894 in the treatment of sustained @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ), 29 @entity1 (20 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 ) were studied. Mean age was 55 years and all @entity1 were required to have well-documented @entity4710 with a ventricular rate greater than or equal to 120/min that was sustained for at least 30 minutes. @entity1 received sequential doses of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg of @entity5894 or placebo at 10 minute intervals. The maximum total dosage of @entity5894 was 10 mg. Measurements taken during 10 minute monitoring periods after each administration included heart rate, @entity551 . A positive response was defined as a greater than or equal to 20% decrease in heart rate, heart rate less than or equal to 100 beats/min or conversion to normal sinus rhythm. Eleven (79%) of @entity1 given @entity5894 and 3 (20%) of placebo-treated @entity1 demonstrated a positive response. Of the 11 responders to @entity5894 , 9 @entity1 responded after the first dose, one after the second dose and one after the third dose. Significant (p less than 0.001) mean reductions in heart rate and ventricular rate were observed with @entity5894 , but not with placebo. Five (36%) of the @entity1 given @entity5894 and only 2 (14%) of the @entity1 who received placebo were converted to normal sinus rhythm. Adverse effects were limited to 1 episode of asymptomatic @entity551 and 1 episode of wheezing with @entity5894 and 1 episode of asymptomatic @entity551 with placebo. @entity5894 is effective in controlling ventricular response in @entity1 with sustained @entity4710 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity5894 for XXXX .

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Detection of early changes in the sperm plasma membrane during cryopreservation is of utmost importance when designing freezing protocols. The present study evaluated the ability of an @entity4404 binding assay to detect early changes in sperm membrane integrity using flow cytometry (FC) in two different portions of the boar ejaculate, in cryopreserved semen. Using a split sample design, sperm motility was evaluated in fresh (controls) and frozen-thawed (FT) samples, both subjectively and by means of a computer-assisted motility assessment (CASA) system, while membrane integrity was assessed using @entity4404 (A) and @entity2667 (PI) staining in spermatozoa derived from the first sperm-rich fraction (Portion I) or the remaining ejaculate (Portion II). The A/PI technique revealed four sperm subpopulations, two PI negative (either A- (alive) or A+ (apoptotic)); and two PI positive (dead cells), either A+ (dead, late apoptotic or early @entity39 cells) or A- (dead, late @entity39 cells). Significant differences were found between the two portions of the ejaculate in the fresh (control) and FT samples. In the fresh controls, significantly more live, nonapoptotic spermatozoa (A-/PI-) were present in Portion I than in Portion II (P<0.001). Although apoptotic spermatozoa were detected in both semen portions, the frequency of live, early apoptotic (A+/PI-) cells was significantly lower in Portion I than in Portion II (P<0.001). Irrespective of the ejaculate portion considered, freezing and thawing significantly decreased the mean percentages of live spermatozoa (P<0.01), and dramatically increased the percentages of apoptotic or early @entity39 cells (P<0.01), but not of early apoptotic cells (N.S.). The latter finding might suggest that apoptotic changes due to cryopreservation using the procedures applied in this trial are transient and lead to cell death. In conclusion, the @entity4404 binding assay was able to detect deleterious changes in the sperm plasma membrane at an earlier point than PI staining, thus representing a novel approach to investigating membrane integrity in this species. The finding that fewer spermatozoa in Portion I of the ejaculate showed early apoptosis post-freezing, suggests boar spermatozoa in this portion of the seminal plasma are less sensitive to the stress induced by cryopreservation.

title: Assessment of fresh and frozen-thawed boar semen using an XXXX assay: a new method of evaluating sperm membrane integrity.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

answer: @entity4404 :: (308,Gene) :: ['Annexin-V']


abstract: Comparative effects of four @entity3009 synthesis inhibitors (PGSI) on the acutely obstructed kidney were studied using an intact @entity235 model. Trigonal vesicostomies were @entity5274 were @entity8 . After recovery, experiments were run at weekly intervals with one drug administered each week in a random fashion. @entity1695 was obtained using a Fogarty balloon catheter passed retrogradely into the distal ureter and inflated. When renal pelvic pressure reached 80 cm./ @entity4358 the designated PGSI was given and a repeat dose was given 30 minutes later. Mean blood pressure was also monitored during several experiments. With the first dose significant decreases in renal pelvic pressure were obtained with all drugs tested. Only @entity5018 showed a significant further decrease with the second dose. @entity5018 showed the greatest decrease in pressure with the first dose, which was significantly greater than the other drugs tested. There was no association between mean blood pressure changes and the nadir of renal pelvic pressure.

title: Comparative effects of four XXXX synthesis inhibitors on the obstructed kidney in the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['placed to monitor renal pelvic pressures']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['Complete ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['constructed and totally implanted nephrostomy tubes']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: Comparative effects of four @entity3009 synthesis inhibitors (PGSI) on the acutely obstructed kidney were studied using an intact @entity235 model. Trigonal vesicostomies were @entity5274 were @entity8 . After recovery, experiments were run at weekly intervals with one drug administered each week in a random fashion. @entity1695 was obtained using a Fogarty balloon catheter passed retrogradely into the distal ureter and inflated. When renal pelvic pressure reached 80 cm./ @entity4358 the designated PGSI was given and a repeat dose was given 30 minutes later. Mean blood pressure was also monitored during several experiments. With the first dose significant decreases in renal pelvic pressure were obtained with all drugs tested. Only @entity5018 showed a significant further decrease with the second dose. @entity5018 showed the greatest decrease in pressure with the first dose, which was significantly greater than the other drugs tested. There was no association between mean blood pressure changes and the nadir of renal pelvic pressure.

title: Comparative effects of four @entity3009 synthesis inhibitors on the obstructed kidney in the XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Previous reports suggest that the finding of left atrial (LA) dilatation (greater than 45 mm) by echocardiography identifies @entity1 not likely to maintain sinus rhythm after conversion of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, these studies antedate the availability of @entity2643 , an antiarrhythmic agent that reportedly is effective in @entity1 with @entity955 in whom other drug therapy has failed. To analyze the relation between LA size and the ability to maintain sinus rhythm with @entity2643 therapy, 28 @entity1 , aged 32 to 87 years (mean 61), with an LA dimension greater than 45 mm (range 46 to 78, mean 57) were studied. Thirteen @entity1 (46%) had @entity340 , 10 (36%) dilated @entity296 and 5 (18%) miscellaneous disorders. In 25 @entity1 (89%) @entity5126 therapy had failed. After therapy with @entity2643 , sinus rhythm returned in all @entity1 and was maintained. Therapy was judged completely successful in 10 @entity1 (alive and still in sinus rhythm with at least 1 year of follow-up), partially successful in 11 (maintaining sinus rhythm for at least 6 months before a change in status) and failed in 7. Completely successful therapy was accomplished in 9 of 18 @entity1 with an LA dimension between 46 and 60 mm, but in only 1 of 10 @entity1 with an LA dimension greater than 60 mm (p less than 0.05). Thus, @entity1 with LA dimensions between 46 and 60 mm who are significantly compromised by @entity955 can often be maintained in sinus rhythm with @entity2643 therapy. However, in @entity1 with larger LA dimensions. @entity955 is likely to return despite aggressive antiarrhythmic therapy with @entity2643 , a drug with potentially serious side effects.

title: XXXX for maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion of @entity955 in the setting of a dilated left atrium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['Amiodarone']


abstract: Previous reports suggest that the finding of left atrial (LA) dilatation (greater than 45 mm) by echocardiography identifies @entity1 not likely to maintain sinus rhythm after conversion of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, these studies antedate the availability of @entity2643 , an antiarrhythmic agent that reportedly is effective in @entity1 with @entity955 in whom other drug therapy has failed. To analyze the relation between LA size and the ability to maintain sinus rhythm with @entity2643 therapy, 28 @entity1 , aged 32 to 87 years (mean 61), with an LA dimension greater than 45 mm (range 46 to 78, mean 57) were studied. Thirteen @entity1 (46%) had @entity340 , 10 (36%) dilated @entity296 and 5 (18%) miscellaneous disorders. In 25 @entity1 (89%) @entity5126 therapy had failed. After therapy with @entity2643 , sinus rhythm returned in all @entity1 and was maintained. Therapy was judged completely successful in 10 @entity1 (alive and still in sinus rhythm with at least 1 year of follow-up), partially successful in 11 (maintaining sinus rhythm for at least 6 months before a change in status) and failed in 7. Completely successful therapy was accomplished in 9 of 18 @entity1 with an LA dimension between 46 and 60 mm, but in only 1 of 10 @entity1 with an LA dimension greater than 60 mm (p less than 0.05). Thus, @entity1 with LA dimensions between 46 and 60 mm who are significantly compromised by @entity955 can often be maintained in sinus rhythm with @entity2643 therapy. However, in @entity1 with larger LA dimensions. @entity955 is likely to return despite aggressive antiarrhythmic therapy with @entity2643 , a drug with potentially serious side effects.

title: @entity2643 for maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion of XXXX in the setting of a dilated left atrium.

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1662 are costly and challenging conditions to treat. Although recent studies that have tested pharmacological and electrical stimulation for these conditions are promising, the optimal intervention, mechanisms of action and side effects of these experimental therapies are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the clinical results of treatments for @entity47 ( @entity47 ) and @entity47 ( @entity47 ) from the last 10 years. METHODS: MEDLINE, LILACS and SCOPUS were searched as data sources. Because the potential bias when search is limited to databases of peer-reviewed journals, reference lists were examined and experts in the field were contacted for other relevant or unpublished articles (i.e. negative studies). No negative unpublished studies were found. Studies were included related to therapeutic interventions in adult @entity47 or @entity47 @entity1 at least 3 and 12 months after non-traumatic and traumatic injuries, respectively. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The following interventions were reviewed: levodopa, @entity7776 , @entity2492 , @entity1772 , dorsal column stimulation and deep brain stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: The adverse effects that were associated with these treatments were typically mild. Most of the studies demonstrated considerable improvements with the interventions, but their low strength of evidence limit the generalizability of the findings.

title: Pharmacological and electrical stimulation in XXXX : new insights and future directions.

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetative state', 'MCS', 'VS', 'minimally conscious state']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic disorders of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity2492 :: ('MESH:C049109', 'Chemical') :: ['zolpidem']

answer: @entity1662 :: (MESH:D003244,Disease) :: ['chronic disorders of consciousness']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the early outcome following endovascular repair of @entity449 using fenestrated stent-grafts and to determine if the number of fenestrations required is predicative of outcome. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 20 consecutive @entity1 (18 @entity1 ; mean age of 75    7 years) treated with stent-grafts containing either  <= 2 fenestrations (n = 10, group 1) or 3 fenestrations (n = 10, group 2). Target vessels also included those accommodated by a scallop (renal artery or superior mesenteric artery in group 1 and the celiac artery in group 2). RESULTS: Comorbidities were similar in both groups. @entity439 size [median 6.9 (IQR 6.7-8.3) versus 6.0 cm (IQR 5.8-6.6), p = 0.03], procedure time (mean 6.6    2.1 versus 4.6    1.7 hours, p = 0.04), and intensive care stay [median 4.5 (IQR 2-14) versus 2 (IQR 1-3) days, p = 0.07] were greater in group 2. There were 2 postoperative deaths, both in group 2. Morbidity was significant and similar in both groups (4 @entity1 in group 1 and 3 @entity1 in group 2), including 1 @entity1 requiring long-term hemodialysis. Target vessel preservation was similar in both groups (96% overall). There were 2 @entity1070 (one in each group) and no type I or III endoleak. CONCLUSION: Triple-fenestrated stent-grafts allow @entity1 with extensive @entity439 and significant comorbidity to be treated by endovascular means. Although the number of @entity1 treated was small, which limited the validity of the comparison, longer procedures and greater early morbidity and mortality were seen in the triple-fenestrated group. At present, the procedures are technically more demanding and associated with increased risk compared with double or single fenestrations, but the technology continues to evolve.

title: Early outcome following endovascular repair of XXXX : triple- versus double- or single-fenestrated stent-grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['pararenal aneurysms', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['pararenal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type II endoleaks']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['pararenal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: Fifty-two @entity1 with infantile @entity5971 had surgery for their @entity5971 between two and seven years of age. Another 49 had similar surgery before the age of two years. Of these 101 operated @entity1 , the @entity5971 in 70 @entity1 was aligned to within 10 prism diopters. The @entity1 with successful alignment were reviewed to study the effect of early versus late surgical intervention of their deviation, i.e. before and after two years of age. The motor and sensory states of the selected @entity1 were analysed before and after surgical correction. The choice and number of surgical procedures employed are discussed. It appears that @entity1 two years and older when strabismus was surgically corrected have a good chance of alignment, but less chance of attaining binocularity. In many cases there was a V-pat-tern @entity5971 , requiring surgery on the overacting inferior oblique muscles. In comparison, the younger group with earlier surgery appeared to show a better chance of attaining binocularity and fewer @entity1 had significant V-pattern requiring surgery on the inferior oblique muscles.

title: Early versus late alignment of infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']


abstract: A 28-year-old female presented with a left @entity6125 , after indirect @entity542 , with no @entity174 or @entity2694 . She had @entity892 , a @entity15170 and excyclotropia on right downgaze. Three months later the trochlear palsy had been replaced by @entity10302 : a deficit of elevation in adduction, with @entity892 , incyclotropia and @entity15170 in up-gaze. The @entity3312 remained the same over a period of 18 months. A 31-year-old male suffered from severe @entity131 with @entity1779 and @entity6125 . Three years later, he had a bilateral trochlear palsy with bilateral severe @entity10302 , with a right @entity15170 and 10   to 25   incyclotropia in upgaze and 5   to 10   excyclotropia in downgaze. The field of binocular vision was shifted to left gaze. Orbital CT scan was normal. At surgery, the forced duction test was positive for @entity10302 on both sides and the tendon of the superior oblique muscle of the right eye was thickened. The field of binocular vision was centralized after surgery but torsional @entity892 in upgaze and downgaze was present as before. Secondary @entity10302 after (persisting or vanishing) @entity6125 without any direct @entity130 to the superior oblique muscles or the orbit could be caused by a fibrotic reaction of the superior oblique tendon or adjacent structures. This could be due to inactivity or to indirect @entity130 .

title: Spontaneous consecutive XXXX following @entity6125 .

entities_list: @entity15170 :: ('MESH:D013285', 'Disease') :: ['hypertropia']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain contusion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity10302 :: ('MESH:D018437', 'Disease') :: ["Brown's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital lesion']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity3312 :: ('MESH:D002095', 'Disease') :: ['Brown syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6125 :: ('MESH:D020432', 'Disease') :: ['trochlear nerve palsy', 'bilateral trochlear nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haemorrhage']

answer: @entity3312 :: (MESH:D002095,Disease) :: ['Brown syndrome']


abstract: A 28-year-old female presented with a left @entity6125 , after indirect @entity542 , with no @entity174 or @entity2694 . She had @entity892 , a @entity15170 and excyclotropia on right downgaze. Three months later the trochlear palsy had been replaced by @entity10302 : a deficit of elevation in adduction, with @entity892 , incyclotropia and @entity15170 in up-gaze. The @entity3312 remained the same over a period of 18 months. A 31-year-old male suffered from severe @entity131 with @entity1779 and @entity6125 . Three years later, he had a bilateral trochlear palsy with bilateral severe @entity10302 , with a right @entity15170 and 10   to 25   incyclotropia in upgaze and 5   to 10   excyclotropia in downgaze. The field of binocular vision was shifted to left gaze. Orbital CT scan was normal. At surgery, the forced duction test was positive for @entity10302 on both sides and the tendon of the superior oblique muscle of the right eye was thickened. The field of binocular vision was centralized after surgery but torsional @entity892 in upgaze and downgaze was present as before. Secondary @entity10302 after (persisting or vanishing) @entity6125 without any direct @entity130 to the superior oblique muscles or the orbit could be caused by a fibrotic reaction of the superior oblique tendon or adjacent structures. This could be due to inactivity or to indirect @entity130 .

title: Spontaneous consecutive @entity3312 following XXXX .

answer: @entity6125 :: (MESH:D020432,Disease) :: ['superior oblique palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether white and black Medicare beneficiaries have different rates of cardiac procedure utilization or long-term survival after @entity1167 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 5948 elderly Medicare beneficiaries (5429 white and 519 black) were identified who survived to hospital discharge between 1990 and 1999 after admission for @entity1167 . Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical information about these @entity1 was obtained from Medicare administrative files, the US census, and the American Hospital Association's annual institutional survey. A Cox proportional hazard model that included demographic and clinical predictors indicated a hazard ratio for mortality of 1.30 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.55) for blacks aged 66 to 74 years compared with whites of the same age. The addition of cardiac procedures to this model lowered the hazard ratio for blacks to 1.23 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.46). In analyses stratified by race, @entity737 ( @entity737 ) had a mortality hazard ratio of 0.53 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.62) for white @entity1 and 0.50 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.91) for black @entity1 . Logistic regression models that compared procedure rates between races indicated odds ratios for blacks aged 66 to 74 years of 0.58 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.94) to receive an @entity1479 and 0.50 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.75) to receive either revascularization or an @entity1479 . CONCLUSIONS: There is racial disparity in long-term mortality among elderly @entity1167 survivors. Both black and white @entity1 benefited from @entity1479 implantation, but blacks were less likely to undergo this potentially life-saving procedure. Lower rates of cardiac procedures may explain in part the lower survival rates among black @entity1 .

title: Racial disparity in cardiac procedures and mortality among long-term survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Intestinal biopsy is an essential procedure in the diagnosis of @entity291 's milk @entity1593 . The number and timing of biopsies, however, is still controversial. Twenty-two @entity1 who were clinically suspected of having @entity291 's milk protein intolerance were put on a milk-free diet, during which they all improved. In the first 14 @entity1 (Group I), milk withdrawal lasted 6-8 weeks; in the following 8 @entity1 (Group II), milk withdrawal lasted 3.5-4 months. At the end of the withdrawal period, each @entity1 was submitted to an oral @entity1132 tolerance test and then to a first jejunal biopsy, followed by a @entity291 's milk challenge, and a second biopsy (1-2 days later). None of the @entity1 showed evidence of @entity1132 intolerance, but they all reacted adversely to milk reintroduction. In Group I, the distribution of mucosae from grade 0 (normal) to III was almost the same before and after challenge (p greater than 0.5); this is considered to be due to the severe @entity16 still present in prechallenge biopsies. In Group II, however, a significant difference was found in the distribution of mucosae before and after challenge (p less than 0.05), and a deterioration could be observed in each case after challenge. Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts and mitotic index determinations before and after milk reintroduction were of no diagnostic value in either group. It is suggested that the diagnosis of @entity291 's milk @entity1593 may rely on two biopsies, the first after a period of 3.5-4 months on milk-free diet and the second following milk challenge.

title: @entity291 's milk XXXX : number and timing of biopsies for diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['protein-sensitive enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['protein-sensitive enteropathy']


abstract: Intestinal biopsy is an essential procedure in the diagnosis of @entity291 's milk @entity1593 . The number and timing of biopsies, however, is still controversial. Twenty-two @entity1 who were clinically suspected of having @entity291 's milk protein intolerance were put on a milk-free diet, during which they all improved. In the first 14 @entity1 (Group I), milk withdrawal lasted 6-8 weeks; in the following 8 @entity1 (Group II), milk withdrawal lasted 3.5-4 months. At the end of the withdrawal period, each @entity1 was submitted to an oral @entity1132 tolerance test and then to a first jejunal biopsy, followed by a @entity291 's milk challenge, and a second biopsy (1-2 days later). None of the @entity1 showed evidence of @entity1132 intolerance, but they all reacted adversely to milk reintroduction. In Group I, the distribution of mucosae from grade 0 (normal) to III was almost the same before and after challenge (p greater than 0.5); this is considered to be due to the severe @entity16 still present in prechallenge biopsies. In Group II, however, a significant difference was found in the distribution of mucosae before and after challenge (p less than 0.05), and a deterioration could be observed in each case after challenge. Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts and mitotic index determinations before and after milk reintroduction were of no diagnostic value in either group. It is suggested that the diagnosis of @entity291 's milk @entity1593 may rely on two biopsies, the first after a period of 3.5-4 months on milk-free diet and the second following milk challenge.

title: XXXX 's milk @entity1593 : number and timing of biopsies for diagnosis.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Cow']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare the efficacy and @entity137 of the @entity901 + @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) + @entity4181 (LV) regimen [modified (m)FOLFOX-6] with that of the @entity1205 + @entity900 + @entity1487 regimen (DCF) in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 (AGC). A total of 72 @entity1 received DCF (75 mg/m(2) @entity1205 and 75 mg/m(2) @entity900 on day 1 and 750 mg/m(2) @entity1487 on days 1-5) every 21 days, whereas 54 @entity1 received mFOLFOX-6 (85 mg/m(2) @entity901 and 400 mg/m(2) LV as a 2-h infusion, followed by a @entity1487 bolus of 400 mg/m(2) and 2,400 mg/m(2) @entity1487 as a 46-h continuous infusion) every 14 days. In the DCF arm, 55 (76.4%) of the @entity1 received prophylactic @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), 48-72 h following completion of chemotherapy. The median follow-up of the study was 12.1 months. The overall response rate (ORR) was 37.0% for mFOLFOX-6 and 40.3% for DCF (P=0.72). The median time to progression was 6.5 and 6.2 months in the mFOLFOX-6 and DCF arms, respectively (P=0.70). The median overall survival was 11.4 and 13.5 months in the mFOLFOX-6 and DCF arms, respectively (P=0.72). The rates of @entity1503 did not differ between the two arms. However, in the subgroup analysis, grade 3-4 @entity1398 and @entity1398 were significantly more common among @entity1 who had not received @entity1261 prophylaxis in the DCF arm. The incidence of grade 3-4 @entity390 / @entity391 and @entity294 were significantly higher in the DCF arm. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the efficacy of the mFOLFOX-6 regimen was comparable to that of the DCF regimen in AGC @entity1 . In addition, the benefit of @entity1261 prophylaxis in conjunction with the DCF regimen was demonstrated.

title: Comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of modified FOLFOX-6 and DCF regimens as first-line treatment in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No randomized studies exist comparing pneumonectomy (PN) and @entity9876 ( @entity9876 ). We evaluated surgical results and long-term quality of life in @entity1 operated on for central @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) using either @entity9876 or PN. METHODS: A total of 641 @entity1149 @entity1 underwent surgery 2000-2010. @entity9876 was performed in 40 (6.2%) and PN in 67 (10.5%). In 2011, all surviving @entity1 were sent a 15D Quality of Life Questionnaire which 83% replied. Propensity-score-matching analysis was utilized to compare the groups. RESULTS: Thirty-two bronchial (18 right/14 left), seven vasculobronchial (3 right/4 left), one right wedge @entity9876 , and 18 right and 22 left PN were performed. Preoperatively, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and diffusion capacity did not differ between groups. The perioperative complication rate and pattern were similar, but @entity9876 group had less major complications (P<0.027). One perioperative @entity204 (2.5%) occurred in @entity9876 group and four (6%) in PN. The 90-day mortality rate was 5% (n=2) for @entity9876 and 7.5% (n=5) for PN. In the follow-up total @entity5 recurrence did not differ (P=0.187). Quality of life measured by 15D showed no significant difference in separate dimensions or total score, except tendency to favor @entity9876 in moving or breathing. The 5-year survival did not differ between groups (P=0.458), but no deaths were observed in @entity9876 group after 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Due to less major operative complications and better long-term survival, we would advocate using @entity9876 when feasible, but in @entity1 tolerating PN it should be considered if @entity9876 seems not to be oncologically sufficiently radical.

title: Bronchial sleeve resection or pneumonectomy for XXXX : a propensity-matched analysis of long-term results, survival and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity9876 :: ('MESH:D020232', 'Disease') :: ['SL', 'sleeve lobectomy']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pulmonary ground-glass opacity (GGO) nodules, which do not grow remarkably, are often observed without treatment. @entity2 coexisting with @entity32 and infection are difficult to diagnose. In this paper, we describe a very rare case of a pulmonary mixed GGO nodule with @entity1143 . In 67-year-old female, chest computed tomography (CT) showed a mixed GGO nodule that had not grown remarkably in the right lung. For 6 years, the mixed GGO had been treated as nontuberculous @entity281 . She was referred to our department for further investigation of the mixed GGO. We suspected @entity2 and performed lung segmentectomy. The tissue showed @entity1143 . Coexisting nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) delayed the clinical diagnosis. Peripheral lung nodules should be resected or diagnosed as soon as possible, despite manifesting as a slow growth.

title: Pleural dissemination of a mixed ground-glass opacity nodule treated as a nontuberculous XXXX for 6 years without growing remarkably.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural dissemination']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'Lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['mycobacterial infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Longer-term outcomes of @entity1 with geriatric type II odontoid @entity174 nonunion remain unclear. METHODS: Thirty-four consecutive geriatric @entity1 (>70 years old) with minimally displaced (<50% displacement) @entity174 were treated 24 hours a day for 12 weeks with rigid collar immobilization between the years 2003 and 2011. Radiographic and medical record reviews were performed on all 34 @entity1 . Additionally, 7 @entity1 were available for clinical longer-term follow-up (>4 years). RESULTS: In all, 30 (88%) of the 34 @entity1 had nonunion after 12 weeks of treatment, 2 (6%) @entity1 had union, and 2 (6%) @entity1 died during the first 12 weeks. Twenty-one of the 30 @entity1 with nonunion had a displaced or mobile nonunion (70%), and 4 (12%) @entity1 were lost to follow-up. At longer-term follow-up, 23 (68%) @entity1 had died. The average time @entity204 occurred was 3.8 years with a range of 0.17 years to 9.42 years postinjury. Twenty of the 23 @entity204 were attributed to medical comorbidities not related to the @entity1 's odontoid nonunion. We were unable to determine the cause of @entity204 in 3 @entity1 . None of the @entity1 who died had identifiable clinical @entity602 prior to their @entity204 on chart review. Of the 7 @entity1 who were alive, all were determined to have odontoid nonunion, of which 5 (70%) were mobile odontoid nonunion. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and @entity717 ( @entity717 ) scores were low (VAS averaged 0.57 and @entity717 averaged 6.9%) and treatment satisfaction was high (averaged 9.7 of 10). Scores for @entity158 and function did not differ significantly when compared to age-matched controls (P = .08, t test). CONCLUSION: Rates of odontoid nonunion are high in @entity1 with @entity174 that are treated with continuous rigid collar for 12 weeks. The majority of @entity1 with nonunion appear to achieve high functional outcomes. In this study, mortality did not appear to be related to adverse neurologic events after treatment.

title: Longer-Term Outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'type II odontoid fractures', 'geriatric odontoid fractures']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Geriatric Odontoid Fracture Nonunion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 who sustain a @entity174 are at increased risk for subsequent @entity174 . Despite the consequences of recurrent @entity174 ( @entity79 ) testing and treatment rates for @entity170 after a @entity174 remain low. The New York University (NYU) Langone @entity170 Model of Care was developed to identify @entity1 at increased risk for recurrent @entity174 and to reduce the rates of subsequent @entity174 through @entity1 and physician education. METHODS: @entity1 aged 50 years and older who had a @entity174 and received their care at NYU affiliated hospitals were contacted via mail after discharge. @entity1 were provided educational materials explaining decreased bone strength and its possible relationship to their @entity174 and were asked to complete a questionnaire. One year postfracture, @entity1 were sent follow-up questionnaires requesting their most recent @entity174 treatment and @entity79 information. Educational material was also provided to the treating orthopedic surgeons. RESULTS: Overall, 524 @entity1 were contacted and 210 (40%) enrolled. By the end of 24 months, 92 @entity1 completed their 1-year questionnaire (44% of the enrollees). Forty-two (46%) @entity1 had undergone new @entity79 testing and 37 (40%) were receiving antiresorptive medications, including 6 (6%) who had not been prescribed these medications before enrolling in the program. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity170 Model of Care is a simple and cost-effective educational program, which improved comprehensive @entity174 care in an actual clinical setting. @entity1 enrollment remains a challenge in implementing the program. Our program highlights difficulties in providing community-dwelling @entity1 with appropriate postfracture care. With increasing concern among the public regarding the use of bone strengthening medications and continued low postfracture treatment rates, educating @entity1 with high @entity174 risk is critical to reducing the rate of subsequent @entity174 . Our Model of Care Program demonstrates both the success and limitations of a postfracture educational approach using discharge diagnosis data to identify @entity1 with @entity174 .

title: The NYU XXXX Model of Care Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fragility fracture', 'fracture', 'fractures, bone mineral density']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) is an organ-specific @entity792 characterized by autoantibody-mediated impairment of skeletal muscle neuromuscular transmission. @entity1737 causes significant morbidity and even mortality. We studied the long-term clinical outcome of generalized @entity1737 (gMG) @entity1 . METHODS: Records of Chinese gMG @entity1 managed in Queen Mary Hospital from 1997 to 2012 were reviewed. Clinical, serological and radiological characteristics were studied for independent predictors of good long-term clinical outcome. RESULTS: A total of 123 Chinese gMG @entity1 were studied. Their mean onset age was 44.8years (range 7-83years), 87 (70.7%) were female, and median follow-up duration was 114months (interquartile range 67-188months). @entity704 were detected in 45 @entity1 (36.6%). @entity934 receptor autoantibodies were detected in 99 @entity1 (87.6%). Ninety-three @entity1 (75.6%) received immunosuppressant therapy (corticosteroid 75.6%, @entity500 58.5%, @entity618 5.7%, @entity205 5.7%) and 77 (62.6%) received thymectomy. Thirty-five (28.5%) @entity1 experienced @entity1737 crisis and two died. Ninety-six (78.0%) @entity1 had good outcome defined by @entity1737 Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status (PIS) of complete stable remission (CSR), pharmacological remission (PR) or minimal manifestation (MM) at latest follow-up, whereas 24 @entity1 (19.5%) had intermediate outcome defined by MGFA PIS of Improved (I); 3 @entity1 (2.4%) had poor prognosis defined by MGFA PIS of unchanged (U), worse (W), exacerbation (E) or died of @entity1737 (D). @entity500 therapy was the only independent predictor of good outcome (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.05-12.10, p=0.042). CONCLUSION: 78.0% of gMG @entity1 had good long-term clinical outcome. @entity500 therapy independently predicted good clinical outcome.

title: Clinical outcome of generalized XXXX in Hong Kong Chinese.

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine', 'azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['Myasthenia Gravis', 'MG', 'Myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: An epidemiological survey of @entity9202 and their causative fungus flora in Japan for 2011 was conducted in accordance with methods and criteria of the past four surveys. The survey covered a total number of 36,052 outpatients who visited 12 dermatological clinics throughout Japan. The results were as follows. 1   @entity4013 was the most prevalent cutaneous @entity364 (2,980 cases) seen in these clinics, followed by @entity7553 (378 cases) and then Malassezia infections (152 cases). 2   Among dermatophytoses, @entity14654 was the most frequent (1,930 cases : male, 980 ; female, 950), then in decreasing order, @entity4013 unguium (780 cases : male, 409 ; female, 371), @entity4013 (203 cases : male, 132 ; female, 71), @entity4013 (112 cases : male, 86 ; female, 26), @entity4013 manuum (43 cases : male, 25 ; female, 18), and @entity3100 including kerion (16 cases : male, 13 ; female, 3). 3   @entity14654 and @entity4013 unguium were seen to increase in the summer season and occur mostly among the aged population. Compared to the last survey, by clinical form, there was a marked decrease in @entity4013 @entity1 . 4   As the causative dermatophyte species, @entity12734 was the most frequently isolated at about 80 % among all dermatophyte infections excluding @entity3100 . @entity12736 was about 10 %. @entity14476 was isolated in five cases. @entity14955 was isolated in three cases, and @entity15528 was isolated in only one case. T. tonsurans was isolated in 13 cases. 5   @entity9281 was seen in 378 cases (305, male ; 537, female). Intertrigo (298 cases) was the most frequent clinical form, followed by diaporcandidiasis (79 cases), @entity2681 (62 cases), @entity790 (46 cases). 6   Tinea versicolor was seen in 97 cases. @entity14663 was isolated in 55 cases.

title: 2011 Epidemiological Survey of XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14654 :: ('MESH:D014008', 'Disease') :: ['Tinea pedis', 'tinea pedis']

entities_list: @entity9202 :: ('MESH:D003881', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomycoses']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytosis', 'tinea cruris', 'Dermatophytosis', 'tinea', 'tinea corporis']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosion interdigitalis']

entities_list: @entity14663 :: ('MESH:D005499', 'Disease') :: ['Malassezia folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['tinea capitis']

entities_list: @entity12736 :: ('523103', 'Species') :: ['T. mentagrophytes']

entities_list: @entity14476 :: ('63405', 'Species') :: ['Microsporum canis']

entities_list: @entity9281 :: ('MESH:D002179', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum']

entities_list: @entity15528 :: ('34391', 'Species') :: ['Epidermophyton floccosum']

answer: @entity9202 :: (MESH:D003881,Disease) :: ['Dermatomycoses']


abstract: AIM: To examine the use of prognostic factors such as age, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score, pupil reactivity and computerized tomography (CT) findings for predicting the prognosis of severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) @entity1 in @entity233 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated @entity131 @entity1 who were accepted to Akdeniz University Intensive Care Unit between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2009. @entity1 data were collected from the hospital information system. Marshall CT classification was performed and CT findings were noted. The Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score of @entity1 was calculated according to their 6-months follow up. RESULTS: A total of 101 @entity1 with severe @entity131 were studied. The mean age of the @entity1 was 34.7    14.1 years. Of these, male @entity1 (81.2%) were dominant and road accidents (83.2%) were the most common mechanism of @entity131 development. In addition, poor neurological outcome was detected in 58.4% of the @entity1 and 29 @entity1 (28.7%) died. The mechanism of injury (p = 0.34), gender (p = 0.64) or age (p = 0.34) did not lead to a difference in neurologic outcomes while the GCS score (p = 0.01), pupillary reactivity (p = 0.000), Marshall CT classification (p = 0.01) and the presence of @entity510 (p = 0.04) affected the GOS scores. CONCLUSION: In our study, GCS score, CT findings and pupil reactivity were prominent as prognostic factors, but a relationship between age and prognosis was not observed.

title: Retrospective Analysis of Prognostic Factors of Severe XXXX in a University Hospital in @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: AIM: To examine the use of prognostic factors such as age, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score, pupil reactivity and computerized tomography (CT) findings for predicting the prognosis of severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) @entity1 in @entity233 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated @entity131 @entity1 who were accepted to Akdeniz University Intensive Care Unit between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2009. @entity1 data were collected from the hospital information system. Marshall CT classification was performed and CT findings were noted. The Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score of @entity1 was calculated according to their 6-months follow up. RESULTS: A total of 101 @entity1 with severe @entity131 were studied. The mean age of the @entity1 was 34.7    14.1 years. Of these, male @entity1 (81.2%) were dominant and road accidents (83.2%) were the most common mechanism of @entity131 development. In addition, poor neurological outcome was detected in 58.4% of the @entity1 and 29 @entity1 (28.7%) died. The mechanism of injury (p = 0.34), gender (p = 0.64) or age (p = 0.34) did not lead to a difference in neurologic outcomes while the GCS score (p = 0.01), pupillary reactivity (p = 0.000), Marshall CT classification (p = 0.01) and the presence of @entity510 (p = 0.04) affected the GOS scores. CONCLUSION: In our study, GCS score, CT findings and pupil reactivity were prominent as prognostic factors, but a relationship between age and prognosis was not observed.

title: Retrospective Analysis of Prognostic Factors of Severe @entity131 in a University Hospital in XXXX .

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity521 , an @entity5 of the sympathetic nervous system, is the most frequent extracranial @entity5 The clinico-epidemiological features of @entity521 in @entity1 and @entity1 were investigated between January 2005 and January 2010 at the Pediatric Oncology units of Mansoura, Zagazig, and Tanta University @entity1 's Hospitals (Egypt). Of 142 cases of @entity521 , 10 were omitted from the study due to defective data. The median age of the @entity1 was 30 months, with 75.8% aged >= 1 year and 24.2% aged <1 year at time of diagnosis. The male-to-female ratio was 1.06. Suprarenal glands were the most common primary @entity5 site (72.7%). The majority of the @entity1 (76.7%) had stage IV disease. Favorable pathology was observed in 43.8% of @entity1 , while 56.2% exhibited unfavorable pathology. The estimated survival rate of @entity1 was 30.7  10.0%, and mean survival time was 24.2  5.2 months. The rate of mortality was 28.6% for @entity1 aged <1 year, and 81.8% for those aged >= 1 year (P=0.005). For @entity1 with favorable pathology, the rate of mortality was significantly lower (28.6%) compared with that of @entity1 with unfavorable pathology (77.8%; P=0.049). Although the association between outcome and each of the primary @entity5 sites, @entity1 's oncology group risk and gender was statistically insignificant, a large effect size was identified between outcome and primary @entity5 site, as well as @entity1 's oncology group risk and a medium effect size was identified between outcome and gender. Additionally, an age of >= 1 year was associated with unfavorable pathology (P=0.024), stage IV disease (P=0.026) and a suprarenal primary @entity5 site (P=0.001).

title: Clinico-epidemiology of XXXX in north east Egypt: A 5-year multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumor', 'embryonal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1181 is a well-known type of benign bone-forming @entity5 , which has previously been diagnosed using plain radiograph imaging. However, diagnosis of @entity10545 may be delayed due to ambiguities on plain radiograph images; despite the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this type of misdiagnosis is not uncommon. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of radionuclide imaging scans for the diagnosis of @entity10545 , as this form of imaging was proposed to be a more sensitive test. The characteristics of 18 cases of @entity10545 were analyzed based on diagnostic imaging and the time from initial recognition of symptoms by the @entity1 to diagnosis. Diagnostic modalities included plain radiograph, computed tomography (CT), MRI and radionuclide imaging. Among the 18 @entity1 , 14 @entity1 had unique positive findings in plain radiographs. The mean duration between initial cognition of symptoms to the diagnosis for these @entity1 was 5.2 months (range, 3.8-9.3 months). A total of 4 @entity1 exhibited no radiographic abnormalities in the initial plain radiographs and were diagnosed a mean of 18.5 months (range, 17-20 months) following the onset of symptoms. Overall, radionuclide imaging was performed on 16 @entity1 and all of the cases demonstrated positive findings. In these cases, 28.6% of @entity10545 @entity1 with clinical indications revealed no abnormal findings in plain radiographs. Therefore, in situations such as these, radionuclide imaging may be a useful indicator for diagnosis, as these results have demonstrated that it positively identified all cases of @entity10545 . In addition, the results of the present study indicated that if the radionuclide imaging was positive, CT scan was a more valuable diagnostic tool, whereas if the radionuclide imaging was negative, MRI should be recommended for the diagnosis of other undiscovered disease entities.

title: Radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1181 :: ('MESH:D010016', 'Disease') :: ['Oseteoid osteoma']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['osteoid osteoma']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 averaging 36.4 years of age underwent open reduction and internal fixation of olecranon @entity174 . The AO cancellous screw was used alone in 16 and with @entity2701 banding in 12. Banding was used when the bone was soft or severely comminuted. The @entity174 were clinically healed at an average of nine weeks and roentgenographic healing with obliteration of the @entity174 line occurred at 13 weeks. Sixty-seven percent acquired full motion by the ninth postoperative week. All but two @entity1 regained full supination and pronation. No @entity1 lost greater than 30 degrees of extension and only two lost greater than 30 degrees of flexion. There were few operative @entity260 . We found the AO cancellous screw alone and in severely comminuted cases in combination with @entity2701 band wiring to be an excellent fixation device for olecranon @entity174 . It allows for early range of motion in young @entity1 with excellent healing prospects by 16 weeks.

title: XXXX treated with AO screw and @entity2701 bands.

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['difficulties or postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Olecranon fractures']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 averaging 36.4 years of age underwent open reduction and internal fixation of olecranon @entity174 . The AO cancellous screw was used alone in 16 and with @entity2701 banding in 12. Banding was used when the bone was soft or severely comminuted. The @entity174 were clinically healed at an average of nine weeks and roentgenographic healing with obliteration of the @entity174 line occurred at 13 weeks. Sixty-seven percent acquired full motion by the ninth postoperative week. All but two @entity1 regained full supination and pronation. No @entity1 lost greater than 30 degrees of extension and only two lost greater than 30 degrees of flexion. There were few operative @entity260 . We found the AO cancellous screw alone and in severely comminuted cases in combination with @entity2701 band wiring to be an excellent fixation device for olecranon @entity174 . It allows for early range of motion in young @entity1 with excellent healing prospects by 16 weeks.

title: @entity174 treated with AO screw and XXXX bands.

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess incidence and clinical course of Dutch @entity1 with @entity1318 diagnosed before 18  years of age as well as their current symptoms and quality of life (QoL). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective medical chart review and a cross-sectional study assessing current clinical status using the Eckardt score and reflux disease questionnaire. General QoL was measured using Kidscreen-52 for @entity1 <18  years of age or to 36-Item Short Form Health Survey for @entity1 >= 18  years of age. RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2013, 87 @entity1 (mean age 11.4      3.4  years, 60% male) diagnosed with @entity1318 in the Netherlands were included. Mean incidence was 0.1/100   000/y (range 0.03-0.21). Initial treatment was pneumodilation (PD) in 68 (79%) @entity1 and Heller myotomy (HM) in 18 (21%) @entity1 . Retreatment was required more often after initial PD compared with initial HM (88% vs 22%; P  <  .0001). More complications of initial treatment occurred after HM compared with PD (55.6% vs 1.5%; P  <  .0001). Three esophageal perforations were seen after HM (16.7%), 1 after PD (1.5%). Sixty-three of 87 (72%) @entity1 were prospectively contacted. Median Eckardt score was 3 (IQR 2-5), with 32 @entity1 (44.5%) having positive scores suggesting active disease. @entity354 questionnaire scores were higher after initial HM vs PD (1.71 [0.96-2.90] vs 0.58 [0-1.56]; P  =  .005). The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (n  =  52) was lower compared with healthy population norms for 7/8 domains. Kidscreen-52 (n  =  20) was similar to population norms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1318 is rare and relapse rates are high after initial treatment, especially after pneumodilation, but with more complications after HM. Symptoms often persist into adulthood, without any clinical follow-up. QoL in adulthood was decreased.

title: Pediatric XXXX in the Netherlands: Incidence, Clinical Course, and  Quality of Life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia', 'Pediatric achalasia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Reflux disease']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['Achalasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1744 ( @entity8352 ) is classified into subtypes according to bowel habit. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there are differences in clinical features, comorbidities, @entity148 , @entity308 and body mass index (BMI) among @entity8352 subtypes. METHODS: The study group included 113 consecutive @entity1 (mean age: 48    11 years; females: 94) with the diagnosis of @entity8352 . All of them answered a structured questionnaire for demographic and clinical data and underwent upper endoscopy. @entity148 and @entity308 were assessed by the Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 scale (HAD). RESULTS: The distribution of subtypes was: @entity8352 - @entity294 ( @entity8352 -D), 46%; @entity1142 ( @entity1142 ), 32%, and mixed @entity8352 ( @entity8352 ), 22%. @entity8352 overlap with @entity354 ( @entity354 ), @entity2210 , @entity2794 and @entity239 occurred in 65.5%, 48.7%, 40.7% and 22.1% of @entity1 , respectively. @entity308 were found in 81.5%. Comparisons among subgroups showed that bloating was significantly associated with @entity8352 compared to @entity8352 -D (odds ratio-OR-5.6). Straining was more likely to be reported by @entity8352 (OR 15.3) and @entity1142 (OR 12.0) compared to @entity8352 -D @entity1 , while urgency was associated with both @entity8352 (OR 19.7) and @entity8352 -D (OR 14.2) compared to @entity1142 . In addition, @entity8352 @entity1 were more likely to present @entity354 than @entity8352 -D (OR 6.7) and higher scores for @entity148 than @entity1142 @entity1 (OR 1.2). BMI values did not differ between @entity8352 -D and @entity1142 . CONCLUSION: @entity8352 is characterized by symptoms frequently reported by both @entity1142 (straining) and @entity8352 -D (urgency), higher levels of @entity148 , and high prevalence of comorbidities. These features should be considered in the clinical management of this subgroup.

title: XXXX subtypes: Clinical and psychological features, body mass index and comorbidities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'Anxiety and/or depression']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headache']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['functional dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['IBS-constipation', 'IBS-C']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['Irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies have established regional grey matter (GM) loss in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). However, whether there is any regional @entity194 in @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) and the difference between @entity1652 and @entity15 is unclear. The present study addresses this issue by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHODS: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T1-weighted three-dimensional MRI were obtained from 26 @entity1652 @entity1 , 26 @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) @entity1 , and 26 normal controls. An analysis of covariance model assessed with cluster size inference was used to compare GM volume among three groups. The correlations of GM volume changes with disease duration, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and brain T2 lesion volume (LV) were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity194 was found in @entity1652 @entity1 in several regions of frontal, @entity1315 (uncorrected, p < 0.001). While extensive @entity194 was found in @entity3780 @entity1 , including most cortical regions and the deep grey matter (corrected for multiple comparisons, p < 0.01). Compared with @entity1652 , those with @entity3780 had significant @entity62 in bilateral thalami, caudate, left parahippocampal gyrus, right hippocampus and insula (corrected, p < 0.01). In @entity3780 group, regional @entity62 in right caudate and bilateral thalami were strongly correlated with brain T2LV. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found the difference of @entity194 between @entity1652 and @entity3780 @entity1 mainly in deep grey matter. The correlational results suggested @entity528 from lesions on T2WI may be a key pathogenesis of @entity194 in deep grey matter in @entity3780 .

title: Comparison of grey matter XXXX between @entity1 with @entity1652 and @entity15 : a voxel-based morphometry study.

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['NMO', 'neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal, parietal lobes and insula']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'GM atrophy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies have established regional grey matter (GM) loss in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). However, whether there is any regional @entity194 in @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) and the difference between @entity1652 and @entity15 is unclear. The present study addresses this issue by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHODS: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T1-weighted three-dimensional MRI were obtained from 26 @entity1652 @entity1 , 26 @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) @entity1 , and 26 normal controls. An analysis of covariance model assessed with cluster size inference was used to compare GM volume among three groups. The correlations of GM volume changes with disease duration, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and brain T2 lesion volume (LV) were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity194 was found in @entity1652 @entity1 in several regions of frontal, @entity1315 (uncorrected, p < 0.001). While extensive @entity194 was found in @entity3780 @entity1 , including most cortical regions and the deep grey matter (corrected for multiple comparisons, p < 0.01). Compared with @entity1652 , those with @entity3780 had significant @entity62 in bilateral thalami, caudate, left parahippocampal gyrus, right hippocampus and insula (corrected, p < 0.01). In @entity3780 group, regional @entity62 in right caudate and bilateral thalami were strongly correlated with brain T2LV. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found the difference of @entity194 between @entity1652 and @entity3780 @entity1 mainly in deep grey matter. The correlational results suggested @entity528 from lesions on T2WI may be a key pathogenesis of @entity194 in deep grey matter in @entity3780 .

title: Comparison of grey matter @entity194 between @entity1 with @entity1652 and XXXX : a voxel-based morphometry study.

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies have established regional grey matter (GM) loss in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). However, whether there is any regional @entity194 in @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) and the difference between @entity1652 and @entity15 is unclear. The present study addresses this issue by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHODS: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T1-weighted three-dimensional MRI were obtained from 26 @entity1652 @entity1 , 26 @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) @entity1 , and 26 normal controls. An analysis of covariance model assessed with cluster size inference was used to compare GM volume among three groups. The correlations of GM volume changes with disease duration, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and brain T2 lesion volume (LV) were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity194 was found in @entity1652 @entity1 in several regions of frontal, @entity1315 (uncorrected, p < 0.001). While extensive @entity194 was found in @entity3780 @entity1 , including most cortical regions and the deep grey matter (corrected for multiple comparisons, p < 0.01). Compared with @entity1652 , those with @entity3780 had significant @entity62 in bilateral thalami, caudate, left parahippocampal gyrus, right hippocampus and insula (corrected, p < 0.01). In @entity3780 group, regional @entity62 in right caudate and bilateral thalami were strongly correlated with brain T2LV. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found the difference of @entity194 between @entity1652 and @entity3780 @entity1 mainly in deep grey matter. The correlational results suggested @entity528 from lesions on T2WI may be a key pathogenesis of @entity194 in deep grey matter in @entity3780 .

title: Comparison of grey matter @entity194 between @entity1 with XXXX and @entity15 : a voxel-based morphometry study.

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['neuromyelitis optica']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies have established regional grey matter (GM) loss in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). However, whether there is any regional @entity194 in @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) and the difference between @entity1652 and @entity15 is unclear. The present study addresses this issue by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHODS: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T1-weighted three-dimensional MRI were obtained from 26 @entity1652 @entity1 , 26 @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) @entity1 , and 26 normal controls. An analysis of covariance model assessed with cluster size inference was used to compare GM volume among three groups. The correlations of GM volume changes with disease duration, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and brain T2 lesion volume (LV) were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity194 was found in @entity1652 @entity1 in several regions of frontal, @entity1315 (uncorrected, p < 0.001). While extensive @entity194 was found in @entity3780 @entity1 , including most cortical regions and the deep grey matter (corrected for multiple comparisons, p < 0.01). Compared with @entity1652 , those with @entity3780 had significant @entity62 in bilateral thalami, caudate, left parahippocampal gyrus, right hippocampus and insula (corrected, p < 0.01). In @entity3780 group, regional @entity62 in right caudate and bilateral thalami were strongly correlated with brain T2LV. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found the difference of @entity194 between @entity1652 and @entity3780 @entity1 mainly in deep grey matter. The correlational results suggested @entity528 from lesions on T2WI may be a key pathogenesis of @entity194 in deep grey matter in @entity3780 .

title: Comparison of grey matter @entity194 between XXXX with @entity1652 and @entity15 : a voxel-based morphometry study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An imbalance in stimulated cytokine production is associated with the etiopathogenesis of @entity66 such as @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and @entity2520 . Increased cytokine levels have been reported in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of @entity1 with @entity308 . Thirty-six outpatients with @entity308 participated in this study. Each outpatient was age-matched (  3years) with a healthy control (n=36). The @entity1 were controlled for race and smoking habits. Unstimulated and stimulated @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), and interferon-y (INF-y) production in whole blood culture (WBC) and @entity650 and @entity1356 levels in the GCF were evaluated. Circulating levels of @entity650 and @entity1356 (unstimulated) as well as GCF @entity1356 were modestly lower in @entity308 @entity1 , compared to the levels in age-matched controls (Mann-Whitney, p=0.002, 0.0075, ANCOVA, p=0.025, respectively). In the unstimulated group, there was no correlation between the levels of circulating @entity650 and GCF @entity650 (r=0.07, p=0.67), and between the levels of circulating @entity1356 and the @entity1356 level in the CGF (r=-0.08, p=0.63). In the @entity558 stimulation group, there was no correlation between the levels of circulating levels of @entity650 and GCF @entity650 (r=0. 02, p=0.91) or between the circulating @entity1356 and GCF @entity1356 (r=0.13, p=0.42). We observed modest immunosuppression in @entity308 @entity1 (evaluated by no stimulation whole blood culture [WBC]), especially in @entity1 with @entity308 , @entity308 , and severe @entity308 .

title: Evaluation of periodontitis in hospital outpatients with XXXX . A focus on gingival and circulating cytokines.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['chronic depression', 'MDD', 'melancholic depression', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['numerous diseases']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depressive disorder']


abstract: Thermo-sensitive dendrimers hold promise in various biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to their stimuli-responsive properties. However, for such systems there are still certain unaddressed issues e.g. the undesired @entity137 , immunogenicity and short blood circulation time. PEGylation is a potential approach to solve these above problems. The aims of this study were to engineer PEGylated thermo-sensitive dendritic derivatives and to investigate their temperature sensitivity and drug release behaviour therein. Linear @entity1683 ( @entity1683 ) and @entity23207 ( @entity23207 ) were attached to the surface of @entity21454 ( @entity21455 ) dendrimers to generate @entity21455 -g- @entity1683 and @entity21455 -g- @entity1683 -co- @entity970 . @entity21455 -g- @entity1683 exhibited the lowest critical solution temperature (LCST) of ca. 32  C, whereas @entity21455 -g- @entity1683 -co- @entity970 showed a LCST of ca. 35  C. @entity3352 was used as a model molecule to examine the drug release profiles from both types of dendritic polymers. Results showed that such thermo-sensitive @entity21455 derivatives could manipulate drug release simply by controlling the temperature above or below the LCST. At 37  C a prolonged drug release was obtained for both systems with less than 30% of drug was released over 12 h, whilst the release rate is much faster at 30  C and ca. 90% of drug was released over 12 h. The results obtained suggest that these thermo-sensitive @entity21455 derivatives could be potential drug delivery systems to achieve controlled drug release.

title: PEGylated thermo-sensitive XXXX dendritic drug delivery systems.

entities_list: @entity23207 :: ('MESH:C028210', 'Chemical') :: ['MPEG', 'methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21454 :: ('MESH:C531249', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamidoamine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1683 :: ('MESH:C520884', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)', 'PNIPAAm']

answer: @entity21454 :: (MESH:C531249,Chemical) :: ['poly(amidoamine)']


abstract: @entity1165 commonly occur in trained athletes during ambulatory Holter electrocardiography and are usually associated with a benign course. Such @entity943 have been demonstrated to be sensitive to short periods of athletic deconditioning; however, their response to retraining is not known. Twenty-four hour Holter electrocardiographic monitoring was performed at peak training and after 3 to 6 months of deconditioning and was repeated in the present study after 2, 6, and 12 months of retraining in 37 athletes with frequent and complex @entity1165 and without @entity65 . These subjects showed partial (101 to 500 ventricular premature complexes [VPCs]/24 hours) or marked (<100 VPCs) reversibility of @entity943 after deconditioning. Retraining initially resulted in a significant increase in @entity943 frequency compared with deconditioning (from 280    475 to 1,542    2,186 VPCs; p = 0.005), couplets (0.14    0.42 to 4.4    8.2; p = 0.005), and nonsustained @entity1165 (from 0 to 0.8    1.8; p = 0.02). Subsequently, a progressive reduction was seen in the frequency of all @entity943 during the 1 year of training to well below that at the peak training levels (VPCs 917    1,630, couplets 1.8    4.2, and nonsustained @entity1165 0.4    1.2). Such annual @entity943 reduction was significantly greater statistically in those athletes with marked reversibility after deconditioning than in the athletes with partial reversibility (69    139 vs 1,496    1,917 VPCs/24 hours, respectively; p = 0.007). No @entity299 or symptoms occurred during 1 year of follow-up. In conclusion, in elite athletes without @entity65 , a resumption in intense training after deconditioning was associated with variable, but prolonged, suppression of @entity1540 . The absence of adverse clinical events or symptoms associated with the resumption of training supports the continued eligibility in competitive sports for such athletes and is also consistent with the benign nature of physiologic @entity299 .

title: Patterns of XXXX associated with training, deconditioning and retraining in elite athletes without @entity65 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachycardia', 'Ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', "athlete's heart syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular abnormalities']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: @entity1165 commonly occur in trained athletes during ambulatory Holter electrocardiography and are usually associated with a benign course. Such @entity943 have been demonstrated to be sensitive to short periods of athletic deconditioning; however, their response to retraining is not known. Twenty-four hour Holter electrocardiographic monitoring was performed at peak training and after 3 to 6 months of deconditioning and was repeated in the present study after 2, 6, and 12 months of retraining in 37 athletes with frequent and complex @entity1165 and without @entity65 . These subjects showed partial (101 to 500 ventricular premature complexes [VPCs]/24 hours) or marked (<100 VPCs) reversibility of @entity943 after deconditioning. Retraining initially resulted in a significant increase in @entity943 frequency compared with deconditioning (from 280    475 to 1,542    2,186 VPCs; p = 0.005), couplets (0.14    0.42 to 4.4    8.2; p = 0.005), and nonsustained @entity1165 (from 0 to 0.8    1.8; p = 0.02). Subsequently, a progressive reduction was seen in the frequency of all @entity943 during the 1 year of training to well below that at the peak training levels (VPCs 917    1,630, couplets 1.8    4.2, and nonsustained @entity1165 0.4    1.2). Such annual @entity943 reduction was significantly greater statistically in those athletes with marked reversibility after deconditioning than in the athletes with partial reversibility (69    139 vs 1,496    1,917 VPCs/24 hours, respectively; p = 0.007). No @entity299 or symptoms occurred during 1 year of follow-up. In conclusion, in elite athletes without @entity65 , a resumption in intense training after deconditioning was associated with variable, but prolonged, suppression of @entity1540 . The absence of adverse clinical events or symptoms associated with the resumption of training supports the continued eligibility in competitive sports for such athletes and is also consistent with the benign nature of physiologic @entity299 .

title: Patterns of @entity1165 associated with training, deconditioning and retraining in elite athletes without XXXX .

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular abnormalities']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: With advances in surgical and medical treatment and the availability of assisted reproductive techniques, pregnancy in @entity1 with @entity2012 is more frequently encountered. Diagnosis of @entity2012 during pregnancy is difficult because of changes in @entity2124 and insulin like growth factor-1 ( @entity442 ) axis secondary to placental production of @entity2124 . The difficulty is compounded by the inability of routine hormone assays to detect placental @entity2124 . In the majority of @entity1 with @entity2012 , pregnancy does not have an adverse effect on mother or fetus and pituitary mass does not increase in size. The level of @entity442 usually remains stable because of the effect of @entity172 causing a @entity2124 resistant state. In @entity1 with @entity4611 , the possibility of an increase in size of the pituitary mass needs to be kept in mind and more frequent monitoring is required. In case of @entity5 enlargement, pituitary surgery can be considered in the mid trimester. Experience with the use of medical treatment for @entity2012 during pregnancy is increasing. @entity935 agonists, @entity1943 analogs or @entity9045 antagonists have been used without any adverse consequences on mother or fetus. At present, it is advisable to stop any medical treatment after confirmation of pregnancy till more data are available on the safety of these drugs.

title: Pregnancy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity9045 :: ('2690', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone receptor']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neuroendocrine @entity150 is extremely rare, with an estimated incidence of 0.35-0.70% of all @entity150 . The @entity4153 represents the most frequent histologic variant described. @entity4153 is an @entity5 associated with a more @entity146 and poorer prognosis than transitional cell @entity150 . The overall survival rate at 5 years does not exceed 8%. At the time of presentation 59% of @entity1 have clinical stage >T2 and 56% show @entity3 . In 50% of the @entity1 , fatal progression occurs within 6 months. Local recurrence after radical surgery occurred in 50-70% of cases. @entity1 AND METHODS: We report three cases of pure @entity150 . @entity811 was the most common presenting symptom. @entity1442 was present in all the cases with stage >T2, @entity3 in 1 case, lymph node involvement and ureteral bilateral obstruction in 2. Two @entity1 were treated by radical cystectomy, bilateral pelvic limph node resections and urinary derivation. @entity902 -based adjuvant chemotherapy was proposed but only two @entity1 received the treatment. One @entity1 with liver @entity3 was managed only by extensive TUR and support regimen. RESULTS: In 2 @entity1 residual or relapsed @entity5 reappered within 2 months after surgery. All of the three @entity1 died of @entity3 at 5, 7, and 13 months. Median overall survival was 7 months. The most common site of relapse and @entity66 was the peritoneum and intestinal tract, and the reason of death was uncontrolled acute @entity548 from gastro-intestinal district. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of a prospective study, and because of the rarity of the disease, the best treatment for small-cell @entity150 remains uncertain. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity902 regimen plus aggressive surgical approach will be the treatment of choice. The association of chemotherapy and radiotherapy should also be considered.

title: [ XXXX : our experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell carcinoma', 'Small-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spread of disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'epithelial tumor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Local advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine small-cell bladder cancer', 'bladder carcinoma', 'bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['Hematuria']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Neuroendocrine small-cell bladder cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity64 is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Cognitive functions and, in particular, executive function, are commonly affected after @entity64 , leading to impairments in performance of daily activities, decrease in social participation and in quality of life. Appropriate assessment and understanding of @entity409 are important, firstly to develop better rehabilitation strategies for executive functions per se and secondly to consider executive function abilities on rehabilitation strategies in general. The purpose of this review was to identify the most widely used assessment tools of @entity409 for @entity1 with @entity64 , and their psychometric properties. We systematically reviewed manuscripts published in English in databases from 1999 to 2015. We identified 35 publications. The most frequently used instruments were the Stroop, Digit Span and @entity2205 making tests. Psychometric properties were described for the Executive Function Performance Test, Executive Clock Drawing Task, Chinese Frontal Assessment Battery and Virtual Action Planning - Supermarket, and two subtests of the Cambridge Cognitive Examination - Revised. There is a paucity of tools to reliably measure @entity409 after @entity64 , despite the fact that @entity409 is frequent. Identification of the best tools for @entity409 assessment is necessary to address important gaps in research and in clinical practice.

title: Diversity of approaches in assessment of executive functions in XXXX : limited evidence?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute @entity272 ( @entity272 ) after breast irradiation is a side effect impacting the quality of life in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to develop normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models of severe acute @entity272 in @entity0 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated 140 consecutive @entity0 @entity1 undergoing conventional three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) after breast conserving surgery in a prospective study assessing acute @entity272 . The acute @entity272 was classified according to the RTOG scoring system. Dose-surface histograms (DSHs) of the body structure in the breast region were extracted as representative of skin irradiation. @entity1 , disease, and treatment-related characteristics were analyzed along with DSHs. NTCP modeling by Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) and by multivariate logistic regression using bootstrap resampling techniques was performed. Models were evaluated by Spearman's Rs coefficient and ROC area. RESULTS: By the end of radiotherapy, 139 (99%) @entity1 developed any degree of acute @entity272 . G3 @entity272 was found in 11 of 140 (8%) @entity1 . Mild-moderate (G1-G2) @entity272 was still present at 40 days after treatment in six (4%) @entity1 . Using DSHs for LKB modeling of acute @entity272 severity (RTOG G3 vs. G0-2), parameter estimates were TD50=39 Gy, n=0.38 and m=0.14 [Rs   =   0.25, area under the curve (AUC)   =   0.77, p   =   0.003]. On multivariate analysis, the most predictive model of acute @entity272 severity was a two-variable model including the skin receiving   >= 30 Gy (S30) and @entity1569 [Rs   =   0.32, AUC   =   0.84, p   <   0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: Using body DSH as representative of skin dose, the LKB n parameter was consistent with a surface effect for the skin. A good prediction performance was obtained using a data-driven multivariate model including S30 and a pre-existing @entity272 ( @entity1569 ) as a clinical factor.

title: Dose-surface analysis for prediction of severe acute radio-induced skin toxicity in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['radiation-induced skin toxicity', 'skin disease', 'RIST']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute @entity272 ( @entity272 ) after breast irradiation is a side effect impacting the quality of life in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to develop normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models of severe acute @entity272 in @entity0 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated 140 consecutive @entity0 @entity1 undergoing conventional three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) after breast conserving surgery in a prospective study assessing acute @entity272 . The acute @entity272 was classified according to the RTOG scoring system. Dose-surface histograms (DSHs) of the body structure in the breast region were extracted as representative of skin irradiation. @entity1 , disease, and treatment-related characteristics were analyzed along with DSHs. NTCP modeling by Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) and by multivariate logistic regression using bootstrap resampling techniques was performed. Models were evaluated by Spearman's Rs coefficient and ROC area. RESULTS: By the end of radiotherapy, 139 (99%) @entity1 developed any degree of acute @entity272 . G3 @entity272 was found in 11 of 140 (8%) @entity1 . Mild-moderate (G1-G2) @entity272 was still present at 40 days after treatment in six (4%) @entity1 . Using DSHs for LKB modeling of acute @entity272 severity (RTOG G3 vs. G0-2), parameter estimates were TD50=39 Gy, n=0.38 and m=0.14 [Rs   =   0.25, area under the curve (AUC)   =   0.77, p   =   0.003]. On multivariate analysis, the most predictive model of acute @entity272 severity was a two-variable model including the skin receiving   >= 30 Gy (S30) and @entity1569 [Rs   =   0.32, AUC   =   0.84, p   <   0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: Using body DSH as representative of skin dose, the LKB n parameter was consistent with a surface effect for the skin. A good prediction performance was obtained using a data-driven multivariate model including S30 and a pre-existing @entity272 ( @entity1569 ) as a clinical factor.

title: Dose-surface analysis for prediction of severe acute radio-induced skin toxicity in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Tumour self-seeding by circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) enhances @entity5 progression and recurrence. Previously, we demonstrated that @entity5 self-seeding by CTCs occurs in @entity421 and revealed that @entity777 ( @entity777 ) may promote CTC attraction. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of @entity777 in @entity5 self-seeding by CTCs. @entity777 suppression inhibited in vitro cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, rhIL-6 activated the Janus-activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK/ @entity10433 ) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal regulated kinase1/2 (MAPK/ @entity8837 ) pathways in vitro. Both pathways increased cell proliferation, but only the JAK/ @entity10433 pathway promoted migration. Suppressing @entity777 inhibited in vivo @entity5 growth and @entity3 . @entity777 suppression or JAK/ @entity10433 pathway inhibition reduced CTC seeding in primary @entity5 . Collectively, @entity777 promotes @entity5 self-seeding by CTCs in a nude @entity19 model. This finding may provide a novel strategy for future therapeutic interventions to prevent @entity421 progression and recurrence.

title: Interleukin-6 suppression reduces @entity5 self-seeding by circulating @entity5 cells in a human XXXX nude @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: Tumour self-seeding by circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) enhances @entity5 progression and recurrence. Previously, we demonstrated that @entity5 self-seeding by CTCs occurs in @entity421 and revealed that @entity777 ( @entity777 ) may promote CTC attraction. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of @entity777 in @entity5 self-seeding by CTCs. @entity777 suppression inhibited in vitro cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, rhIL-6 activated the Janus-activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK/ @entity10433 ) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal regulated kinase1/2 (MAPK/ @entity8837 ) pathways in vitro. Both pathways increased cell proliferation, but only the JAK/ @entity10433 pathway promoted migration. Suppressing @entity777 inhibited in vivo @entity5 growth and @entity3 . @entity777 suppression or JAK/ @entity10433 pathway inhibition reduced CTC seeding in primary @entity5 . Collectively, @entity777 promotes @entity5 self-seeding by CTCs in a nude @entity19 model. This finding may provide a novel strategy for future therapeutic interventions to prevent @entity421 progression and recurrence.

title: Interleukin-6 suppression reduces XXXX self-seeding by circulating @entity5 cells in a human @entity421 nude @entity19 model.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: Tumour self-seeding by circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) enhances @entity5 progression and recurrence. Previously, we demonstrated that @entity5 self-seeding by CTCs occurs in @entity421 and revealed that @entity777 ( @entity777 ) may promote CTC attraction. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of @entity777 in @entity5 self-seeding by CTCs. @entity777 suppression inhibited in vitro cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, rhIL-6 activated the Janus-activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK/ @entity10433 ) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal regulated kinase1/2 (MAPK/ @entity8837 ) pathways in vitro. Both pathways increased cell proliferation, but only the JAK/ @entity10433 pathway promoted migration. Suppressing @entity777 inhibited in vivo @entity5 growth and @entity3 . @entity777 suppression or JAK/ @entity10433 pathway inhibition reduced CTC seeding in primary @entity5 . Collectively, @entity777 promotes @entity5 self-seeding by CTCs in a nude @entity19 model. This finding may provide a novel strategy for future therapeutic interventions to prevent @entity421 progression and recurrence.

title: Interleukin-6 suppression reduces @entity5 self-seeding by circulating XXXX cells in a human @entity421 nude @entity19 model.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: Tumour self-seeding by circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) enhances @entity5 progression and recurrence. Previously, we demonstrated that @entity5 self-seeding by CTCs occurs in @entity421 and revealed that @entity777 ( @entity777 ) may promote CTC attraction. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of @entity777 in @entity5 self-seeding by CTCs. @entity777 suppression inhibited in vitro cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, rhIL-6 activated the Janus-activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK/ @entity10433 ) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal regulated kinase1/2 (MAPK/ @entity8837 ) pathways in vitro. Both pathways increased cell proliferation, but only the JAK/ @entity10433 pathway promoted migration. Suppressing @entity777 inhibited in vivo @entity5 growth and @entity3 . @entity777 suppression or JAK/ @entity10433 pathway inhibition reduced CTC seeding in primary @entity5 . Collectively, @entity777 promotes @entity5 self-seeding by CTCs in a nude @entity19 model. This finding may provide a novel strategy for future therapeutic interventions to prevent @entity421 progression and recurrence.

title: Interleukin-6 suppression reduces @entity5 self-seeding by circulating @entity5 cells in a human @entity421 nude XXXX model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Flow cytometry has been used to detect cells that express high levels of the @entity264 dehydrogenase activity in normal tissues. Such ALDH bright (ALDHbr) cell populations have been sorted from @entity1 cord blood, bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, skeletal muscle, and breast tissue and from the rodent brain, pancreas, and prostate. A variety of hematopoietic, endothelial, and mutiltipotential mesenchymal progenitors are enriched in the @entity1 bone marrow, cord, and peripheral blood ALDHbr populations. Multipotential neural progenitors are enriched in rodent brain tissue, and tissue-specific progenitors in the other tissue types. In xenograft models, uncultured @entity1 bone marrow and cord ALDHbr cells home to damaged tissue and protect @entity19 against @entity63 by promoting angiogenesis. Uncultured cord ALDHbr cells also deploy to nonhematopoietic tissues and protect animals in @entity14605 intoxication and chronic @entity177 models. @entity19 ALDHbr cells and cells derived from them in culture protect animals in a chronic @entity179 model. Purifying ALDHbr cells appears to increase their ability to repair tissues in these animal models. Clinical studies suggest that the number of ALDHbr cells present in hematopoietic grafts or circulating in the blood of @entity65 @entity1 is related to clinical outcomes or disease severity. ALDHbr cells have been used to supplement unrelated cord blood transplant and to treat @entity1 with @entity712 and @entity63 . ALDH activity can play several physiological roles in stem and progenitor cells that may potentiate their utility in cell therapy.

title: Concise review: XXXX dehydrogenase bright stem and progenitor cell populations from normal tissues: characteristics, activities, and emerging uses in regenerative medicine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic injury', 'critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

answer: @entity264 :: (CHEBI:17478,Chemical) :: ['aldehyde']