abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reports about laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration (LTPE) are still limited. In the present study, we described our single-center experience of the initial 11 cases. METHODS: Between April 2011 and September 2015, eight males and three females diagnosed as @entity5 underwent LTPE by the same operation team. We retrospectively collected all cases' parameters about surgical technique. Thirty-seven @entity1 who received open surgery were also retrospectively collected. A comparison between LTPE and open surgery was performed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of LTPE. RESULTS: Eleven cases successfully underwent the LTPE without any @entity3816 . No open conversion was required. Eight @entity1 underwent Bricker's procedure. Three @entity1 were performed with the cutaneous ureterostomy. Anus preservation operation was performed in three @entity1 . Compared with open surgery, LTPE had longer mean operative time (565.2 vs 468.2  min, p   =   0.004) but less mean @entity190 (547.3 vs 1033.0  ml, p   <   0.001) and shorter postoperative hospitalization time (15.3 vs 22.4  days, p   =   0.004). One @entity1 died of @entity1151 in the 7th month of follow-up time. One @entity1 died of recurrence in the 12th month of follow-up time. Nine @entity1 are still alive without recurrence and @entity3 . The mean follow-up time was 11.1  months. CONCLUSIONS: The technique of LTPE seems to be feasible and safe in the treatment of carefully selected @entity1 of @entity5 . LTPE can also decrease the @entity190 , the recovery time, and the hospital stay. But the oncological safety and long-term outcome of LTPE still need to be explored.

title: Laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration for XXXX : the technique and short-time outcome of 11 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complication']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pelvic malignancies']


abstract: We have cultured transverse slices of the hippocampal formation from neonatal @entity35 and have identified the cell types which appear in the outgrowth with cell type specific markers. @entity116 toxin and anti- @entity116 toxoid, as well as antisera to neurofilaments and 14-3-2 protein, were used to identify neurons. Astrocytes were identified with antisera to glial fibrillary acidic protein and were the predominant non-neural cell type. Fibroblastic cells were labeled with antisera to fibronectin and to myosin and oligodendroglia were identified with antisera to @entity8159 . The hippocampal neurons could be classified as 1 or the 3 types present in vivo (pyramidal cells, granule cells, or GABAergic interneurons) on the basis of their size, shape, location, or reaction with antisera to @entity367 decarboxylase. Outgrowth of glial cells and neurites occurred within hours of explantation. Within a few days granule cell neurons migrated onto the glial cell layer from the explant. Their movement is probably related to their migration during in vivo development of the granule cell layer. Synapse formation was observed by electron microscopic analysis beginning about 3-5 days in vitro and areas of neuropil containing many synapses were observed after 3-4 weeks. This culture system should be useful for further studies on the cellular processes which occur during hippocampal development and plasticity.

title: Identification of cell types in XXXX hippocampal slices maintained in organotypic cultures.

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

entities_list: @entity8159 :: ('MESH:C002454', 'Chemical') :: ['galactocerebroside']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Distribution of @entity1364 and @entity470 was studied by immunohistochemistry in intraepithelial squamous cell lesions of @entity1 bronchus. Ten biopsy specimens were examined for each of the following categories of lesions (50 specimens altogether): normal bronchial epithelium, @entity1544 , @entity1544 , and @entity957 in situ, in addition to invasive @entity957 . The percentage positivity of immunoreactive cells and their localization in the epithelium were examined in formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues of bronchial biopsy specimens retrieved from the surgical pathology file. @entity1364 positivity ranged from 3.2% (normal bronchial epithelium), to 7.6% ( @entity1544 ), 51.8% ( @entity1544 ), and 85.0% ( @entity957 in situ). The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The percentage positivity for invasive @entity957 was 56.9%. @entity470 positivity ranged from 7.3% (normal bronchial epithelium), to 38.7% (benign squamous epithelium), 67.5% ( @entity1544 ), and 91.3% ( @entity957 in situ). The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Invasive @entity957 positivity was 49.7%. Both @entity1364 -positive and @entity470 -positive cells showed zonal distribution in the bronchial epithelium. They were located in the basal cell layer in normal bronchial epithelium and expanded upward as the morphologic changes advanced. In @entity957 in situ, both @entity1364 -positive and @entity470 -positive cells covered the entire thickness of the bronchial epithelial layer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Distribution of @entity1364 and XXXX in intraepithelial squamous cell lesions of @entity1 bronchus.

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating-cell nuclear antigen', 'Proliferating-cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth-factor receptor', 'Epidermal growth-factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['benign squamous metaplasia', 'dysplastic squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: Distribution of @entity1364 and @entity470 was studied by immunohistochemistry in intraepithelial squamous cell lesions of @entity1 bronchus. Ten biopsy specimens were examined for each of the following categories of lesions (50 specimens altogether): normal bronchial epithelium, @entity1544 , @entity1544 , and @entity957 in situ, in addition to invasive @entity957 . The percentage positivity of immunoreactive cells and their localization in the epithelium were examined in formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues of bronchial biopsy specimens retrieved from the surgical pathology file. @entity1364 positivity ranged from 3.2% (normal bronchial epithelium), to 7.6% ( @entity1544 ), 51.8% ( @entity1544 ), and 85.0% ( @entity957 in situ). The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The percentage positivity for invasive @entity957 was 56.9%. @entity470 positivity ranged from 7.3% (normal bronchial epithelium), to 38.7% (benign squamous epithelium), 67.5% ( @entity1544 ), and 91.3% ( @entity957 in situ). The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Invasive @entity957 positivity was 49.7%. Both @entity1364 -positive and @entity470 -positive cells showed zonal distribution in the bronchial epithelium. They were located in the basal cell layer in normal bronchial epithelium and expanded upward as the morphologic changes advanced. In @entity957 in situ, both @entity1364 -positive and @entity470 -positive cells covered the entire thickness of the bronchial epithelial layer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Distribution of XXXX and @entity470 in intraepithelial squamous cell lesions of @entity1 bronchus.

answer: @entity1364 :: (5111,Gene) :: ['proliferating-cell nuclear antigen']


abstract: Distribution of @entity1364 and @entity470 was studied by immunohistochemistry in intraepithelial squamous cell lesions of @entity1 bronchus. Ten biopsy specimens were examined for each of the following categories of lesions (50 specimens altogether): normal bronchial epithelium, @entity1544 , @entity1544 , and @entity957 in situ, in addition to invasive @entity957 . The percentage positivity of immunoreactive cells and their localization in the epithelium were examined in formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues of bronchial biopsy specimens retrieved from the surgical pathology file. @entity1364 positivity ranged from 3.2% (normal bronchial epithelium), to 7.6% ( @entity1544 ), 51.8% ( @entity1544 ), and 85.0% ( @entity957 in situ). The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The percentage positivity for invasive @entity957 was 56.9%. @entity470 positivity ranged from 7.3% (normal bronchial epithelium), to 38.7% (benign squamous epithelium), 67.5% ( @entity1544 ), and 91.3% ( @entity957 in situ). The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Invasive @entity957 positivity was 49.7%. Both @entity1364 -positive and @entity470 -positive cells showed zonal distribution in the bronchial epithelium. They were located in the basal cell layer in normal bronchial epithelium and expanded upward as the morphologic changes advanced. In @entity957 in situ, both @entity1364 -positive and @entity470 -positive cells covered the entire thickness of the bronchial epithelial layer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Distribution of @entity1364 and @entity470 in intraepithelial squamous cell lesions of XXXX bronchus.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Recent studies revealed that several vibrio species have evolved the capacity to survive inside host cells. However, it is still often ignored if intracellular stages are required for pathogenicity. Virulence of @entity7155 , a strain pathogenic for @entity6796 oysters, depends on entry into hemocytes, the oyster immune cells. We investigated here the mechanisms of @entity7155 intracellular survival and their consequences on the host-pathogen interaction. Entry and survival inside hemocytes were required for @entity7155 -driven cytolysis of hemocytes, both in vivo and in vitro. @entity7155 intracellular stages showed a profound boost in metabolic activity and a major transcription of antioxidant and @entity920 detoxification genes, as revealed by RNA sequencing. @entity7155 isogenic mutants showed that resistance to oxidative stress and @entity920 efflux are two main functions required for vibrio intracellular stages and @entity137 to hemocytes. @entity920 efflux was also essential for host colonization and virulence in vivo. Altogether, our results identify @entity920 resistance as a major mechanism to resist killing by phagocytes, induce cytolysis of immune cells and colonize oysters. Selection of such resistance traits could arise from vibrio interactions with @entity920 -rich environmental niches including marine invertebrates, which favour the emergence of pathogenic vibrios resistant to intraphagosomal killing across animal species.

title: XXXX homeostasis at the host vibrio interface: lessons from intracellular vibrio transcriptomics.

entities_list: @entity7155 :: ('575788', 'Species') :: ['LGP32', 'Vibrio tasmaniensis   LGP32']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity920 :: ('MESH:D003300', 'Chemical') :: ['copper', 'Copper']

entities_list: @entity6796 :: ('29159', 'Species') :: ['Crassostrea gigas']

answer: @entity920 :: (MESH:D003300,Chemical) :: ['Copper']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The frictional response of whole @entity1 joints over durations spanning activities of daily living has not been reported previously. This study measured the friction of @entity1 @entity2720 during 24h of reciprocal loading in a pendulum testing device, at moderate (0.2mm/s, 4320 cycles) and low (0.02mm/s, 432 cycles) sliding speeds, under a 200N load. The effect of joint congruence was also investigated by testing @entity1 humeral heads against significantly larger mature @entity291 glenoids. Eight @entity1 joints and six @entity291 joints were tested in four combinations: @entity1 joints tested at moderate (hHCMS, n=6) and low speed (hHCLS, n=3), @entity1 humeral heads tested against @entity291 glenoids at moderate speed (LCMS, n=3), and @entity291 joints tested at moderate speed (bHCMS, n=3). In the first half hour the mean  standard deviation of the friction coefficient was hHCMS: 0.0016  0.0011, hHCLS: 0.0012  0.0002, LCMS: 0.0008  0.0002 and bHCMS: 0.0024  0.0008; in the last four hours it was hHCMS: 0.0057  0.0025, hHCLS: 0.0047  0.0017, LCMS: 0.0012  0.0003 and bHCMS: 0.0056  0.0016. The initial value was lower than the final value (p<0.0001). The value in LCMS was significantly lower than in hHCMS and bHCMS (p<0.01). No @entity227 was observed in any of the specimens. These are the first results to demonstrate that the friction coefficient of natural @entity1 shoulders remains remarkably low (averaging as little as 0.0015 and no greater than 0.006) for up to 24h of continuous loading. The sustained low friction coefficients observed in @entity2720 rolling rather than sliding friction.

title: The friction coefficient of XXXX remains remarkably low over 24h of loading.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual damage']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['incongruent joints (~0.001) likely represent', 'glenohumeral joints']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['shoulder joints']


abstract: Twelve @entity1707 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting had the Hemopump to decompress the heart and as circulatory support. The @entity1707 also were given a short-acting beta-blocker, @entity7368 , to make the heart flaccid. Extracorporeal circulation was not used. During Hemopump support, a bolus dose of 0.5 to 5 mg/kg of @entity7368 was given before incremental titration steps from 100 to 600 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 over 15 to 20 minutes. The internal thoracic artery was sutured to the distal part of the left anterior descending artery. The Hemopump was withdrawn to the aorta after a weaning period of 20 to 30 minutes. Seven of 12 @entity1707 went through the whole procedure and the Hemopump was weaned off without complications. Five animals died due to @entity67 in association with @entity7368 administration. There was a big interindividual difference in @entity7368 dose-response curves in the surviving animals. No significant differences in the hemodynamic variables were observed during the experiment. The Hemopump in combination with a short-acting beta-blocker could be an alternate way of performing coronary artery bypass grafting in selected @entity1 .

title: Coronary artery operation supported by the Hemopump: an experimental study on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: @entity528 following focal @entity2806 is widely attributed to the excitotoxic effects of @entity2227 . However, critical analysis of published data on @entity2227 @entity137 in vitro and the comparison of these data with in vivo release of @entity2227 and the therapeutic effect of @entity2227 antagonists raises doubts about a @entity2359 mechanism. An alternative explanation for @entity2227 -mediated injury is @entity519 due to peri- @entity1188 spreading @entity308 -like depolarizations. These depolarizations are triggered in the core of the @entity1188 and spread at irregular intervals into the peri- @entity1188 surrounding. In ischemically uncompromised tissue, the metabolic workload associated with spreading @entity308 is coupled to an increase in blood flow and @entity26 supply, assuring maintenance of oxidative respiration. In the penumbra region of focal @entity63 , the hemodynamic constraints of collateral blood circulation prevail the adequate adjustment of @entity26 delivery, leading to transient episodes of relative tissue @entity519 . The @entity519 episodes cause a suppression of protein synthesis, a gradual deterioration of energy metabolism and a progression of irreversibly damaged tissue into the penumbra zone. The generation of peri- @entity1188 spreading @entity308 and the associated metabolic workload can be suppressed by @entity143 and non- @entity143 antagonists. As a result, the penumbral inhibition of protein synthesis and the progressing energy failure is also prevented, and the volume of @entity1188 decreases. Interventions to improve ischemic resistance should therefore aim at improving the @entity26 supply or reducing the metabolic workload in the penumbra region.

title: XXXX -mediated injury in focal @entity2806 : the excitotoxin hypothesis revised.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressions']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['Glutamate']


abstract: @entity528 following focal @entity2806 is widely attributed to the excitotoxic effects of @entity2227 . However, critical analysis of published data on @entity2227 @entity137 in vitro and the comparison of these data with in vivo release of @entity2227 and the therapeutic effect of @entity2227 antagonists raises doubts about a @entity2359 mechanism. An alternative explanation for @entity2227 -mediated injury is @entity519 due to peri- @entity1188 spreading @entity308 -like depolarizations. These depolarizations are triggered in the core of the @entity1188 and spread at irregular intervals into the peri- @entity1188 surrounding. In ischemically uncompromised tissue, the metabolic workload associated with spreading @entity308 is coupled to an increase in blood flow and @entity26 supply, assuring maintenance of oxidative respiration. In the penumbra region of focal @entity63 , the hemodynamic constraints of collateral blood circulation prevail the adequate adjustment of @entity26 delivery, leading to transient episodes of relative tissue @entity519 . The @entity519 episodes cause a suppression of protein synthesis, a gradual deterioration of energy metabolism and a progression of irreversibly damaged tissue into the penumbra zone. The generation of peri- @entity1188 spreading @entity308 and the associated metabolic workload can be suppressed by @entity143 and non- @entity143 antagonists. As a result, the penumbral inhibition of protein synthesis and the progressing energy failure is also prevented, and the volume of @entity1188 decreases. Interventions to improve ischemic resistance should therefore aim at improving the @entity26 supply or reducing the metabolic workload in the penumbra region.

title: @entity2227 -mediated injury in focal XXXX : the excitotoxin hypothesis revised.

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: AIM: Systemic low-grade @entity32 represents a central hallmark of @entity102 and has been proposed as the underlying mechanism linking factors like @entity28 or @entity6 with @entity2521 . However, the impact of inflammatory markers on @entity2521 has not yet been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprised 1784 subjects from the Study of Health in Pomerania with complete 11-year follow-up. @entity2002 and white blood cell (WBC) counts were measured as markers of @entity32 . @entity2521 was assessed by @entity92 ( @entity92 ), clinical @entity6730 (CAL) and the CDC/AAP case definition. RESULTS: Multilevel regression analyses revealed significant coefficients for the impact of both @entity32 markers on the percentage of sites with @entity92 /CAL >= 3mm. Increases in @entity2002 about 1 g/l were associated with 3.0% and 2.7% more sites with @entity92 /CAL >= 3mm, respectively. Consistent associations were found using mean values of @entity92 /CAL but not using missing teeth or caries. Regarding the CDC/AAP case definition, 11-year changes in @entity2002 and WBC counts were significantly associated with >= 1 category progression (OR: 1.36 and 1.11). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2002 levels and WBC counts showed consistent long-term associations with @entity92 , CAL and the CDC/AAP case definition. Results indicate that systemic low-grade @entity32 might indeed represent one possible pathway for effects of @entity28 , @entity6 or other chronic inflammatory conditions on @entity2521 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Longitudinal effects of systemic @entity32 markers on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'Periodontitis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: AIM: Systemic low-grade @entity32 represents a central hallmark of @entity102 and has been proposed as the underlying mechanism linking factors like @entity28 or @entity6 with @entity2521 . However, the impact of inflammatory markers on @entity2521 has not yet been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprised 1784 subjects from the Study of Health in Pomerania with complete 11-year follow-up. @entity2002 and white blood cell (WBC) counts were measured as markers of @entity32 . @entity2521 was assessed by @entity92 ( @entity92 ), clinical @entity6730 (CAL) and the CDC/AAP case definition. RESULTS: Multilevel regression analyses revealed significant coefficients for the impact of both @entity32 markers on the percentage of sites with @entity92 /CAL >= 3mm. Increases in @entity2002 about 1 g/l were associated with 3.0% and 2.7% more sites with @entity92 /CAL >= 3mm, respectively. Consistent associations were found using mean values of @entity92 /CAL but not using missing teeth or caries. Regarding the CDC/AAP case definition, 11-year changes in @entity2002 and WBC counts were significantly associated with >= 1 category progression (OR: 1.36 and 1.11). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2002 levels and WBC counts showed consistent long-term associations with @entity92 , CAL and the CDC/AAP case definition. Results indicate that systemic low-grade @entity32 might indeed represent one possible pathway for effects of @entity28 , @entity6 or other chronic inflammatory conditions on @entity2521 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Longitudinal effects of systemic XXXX markers on @entity2521 .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Gene amplification/overexpression was analyzed in 23 cell lines derived from @entity1 esophageal squamous-cell- @entity189 tissues by Southern and Northern hybridizations to @entity517 , c-erbB, @entity10008 and @entity4910 probes. Amplification of the @entity517 gene was observed in 5 cell lines derived from well-differentiated @entity189 and all of them were accompanied by co-amplification of other examined oncogenes. The c-erbB gene was amplified in 3 cell lines. Co-amplification of @entity10008 and @entity4910 , both of which are located in chromosome 11q13, was found in 9 cell lines. Without exception their amplification was simultaneous and the magnitudes were similar. Their amplification, but not their overexpression, was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in @entity1 from whom the cell lines were established. While @entity10008 -gene expression was not detected, at least 1 of the genes analyzed was overexpressed in 20 cell lines vs. its expression in normal esophageal mucosal tissues. However, gene amplification was not necessarily accompanied by overexpression of the corresponding genes. Expression of the @entity4910 gene, which has been assumed to be a target gene for 11q13 amplification, was not detected in one particular cell line with amplification of 11q13. These results suggest that the amplification/overexpression of more than I oncogene is involved in the @entity418 and that @entity517 -gene amplification is associated with a well-differentiated subtype. There remains a possibility that key oncogenes other than @entity4910 are involved in 11q13 amplification.

title: Analysis of gene amplification and overexpression in @entity1 XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenic process of esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal-carcinoma']


abstract: Gene amplification/overexpression was analyzed in 23 cell lines derived from @entity1 esophageal squamous-cell- @entity189 tissues by Southern and Northern hybridizations to @entity517 , c-erbB, @entity10008 and @entity4910 probes. Amplification of the @entity517 gene was observed in 5 cell lines derived from well-differentiated @entity189 and all of them were accompanied by co-amplification of other examined oncogenes. The c-erbB gene was amplified in 3 cell lines. Co-amplification of @entity10008 and @entity4910 , both of which are located in chromosome 11q13, was found in 9 cell lines. Without exception their amplification was simultaneous and the magnitudes were similar. Their amplification, but not their overexpression, was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in @entity1 from whom the cell lines were established. While @entity10008 -gene expression was not detected, at least 1 of the genes analyzed was overexpressed in 20 cell lines vs. its expression in normal esophageal mucosal tissues. However, gene amplification was not necessarily accompanied by overexpression of the corresponding genes. Expression of the @entity4910 gene, which has been assumed to be a target gene for 11q13 amplification, was not detected in one particular cell line with amplification of 11q13. These results suggest that the amplification/overexpression of more than I oncogene is involved in the @entity418 and that @entity517 -gene amplification is associated with a well-differentiated subtype. There remains a possibility that key oncogenes other than @entity4910 are involved in 11q13 amplification.

title: Analysis of gene amplification and overexpression in XXXX @entity418 cell lines.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity1 presented to the plastic surgery outpatient department with a nodular lesion to her shin. This nodule had increased in size, but was slow growing. The @entity1 had a history of sun-damaged skin. On @entity227 was thought to be a @entity1491 . The nodule was excised. Histologically, the lesion was classified as a primary cutaneous myxoid spindle cell @entity957 . Currently, there is only one other paper that describes this rare @entity1489 . As a result of the histological findings, the lesion margin was further excised. The wound failed to heal as expected due to the @entity1 developing a @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 infection. She is currently being closely monitored due to the unknown pathway the @entity189 may take.

title: Primary cutaneous myxoid spindle cell XXXX : a rare @entity1489 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual examination, the lesion']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['naevus or basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity1 presented to the plastic surgery outpatient department with a nodular lesion to her shin. This nodule had increased in size, but was slow growing. The @entity1 had a history of sun-damaged skin. On @entity227 was thought to be a @entity1491 . The nodule was excised. Histologically, the lesion was classified as a primary cutaneous myxoid spindle cell @entity957 . Currently, there is only one other paper that describes this rare @entity1489 . As a result of the histological findings, the lesion margin was further excised. The wound failed to heal as expected due to the @entity1 developing a @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 infection. She is currently being closely monitored due to the unknown pathway the @entity189 may take.

title: Primary cutaneous myxoid spindle cell @entity957 : a rare XXXX .

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: Intracellular recordings were made from smooth muscle cells of arterioles and the capsule of the spleen of @entity840 and @entity35 , and the responses to periarterial or subcapsular nerve stimulation were recorded. The innervation of the spleen was studied using fluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques. @entity2922 -containing axons were associated with smooth muscle of the splenic capsule, trabeculae, arterioles and amongst cells of the periarteriolar @entity706 . Axons immunoreactive for @entity10969 (NPY) and @entity669 hydroxylase were distributed in an identical manner to @entity2922 -containing axons, whereas axons immunoreactive for substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide were present at a very low density in spleens from both species. In segments of arterioles, single transmural stimuli evoked excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) of 1-10 mV amplitude. EJPs facilitated during short trains of stimuli (1-10 Hz) and summated at 10 Hz, often initiating a muscle action potential. EJPs persisted in the presence of @entity3159 (1 microM) and @entity9006 (1 microM), but were abolished by the P2x-purinoceptor antagonist @entity5747 (1 mM). Spontaneous depolarizations were observed in smooth muscle cells of arterioles and capsule. Some events in arterioles were observed in the presence of @entity5747 and so may originate postjunctionally independently of transmitter release. As single transmural stimuli failed to evoke a depolarization in capsular smooth muscle, spontaneous depolarizations in this tissue probably also arise postjunctionally. Short trains of high frequency stimuli (10-35 Hz) evoked biphasic depolarizations of capsular smooth muscle cells. The initial component peaked 2.5 s following the onset of stimulation; the second component peaked 15 s following the onset and decayed exponentially with a time constant of 15 s. By fitting a product of exponentials to the second component, it was possible to define the initial component, which decayed with a time constant of around 1.5 s. Neurally evoked depolarizations of capsular smooth muscle were abolished by 1 microM TTX. Blockade of alpha 1-adrenoceptors with @entity3159 reduced the initial component of the depolarization, whereas alpha 2-adrenoceptor blockade with @entity9006 virtually abolished the second component. In some cells a small, faster depolarization persisted after alpha-adrenoceptor blockade. The slow alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated depolarization was identical to that recorded in the @entity35 tail artery and in the @entity840 mesenteric vein. The data indicate that sympathetic neuroeffector transmission from noradrenergic axons containing NPY to splenic arterial and capsular smooth muscle occur by different mechanisms.

title: Electrophysiological events during neuroeffector transmission in the spleen of XXXX and @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid sheath']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine', 'Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pigs']


abstract: Intracellular recordings were made from smooth muscle cells of arterioles and the capsule of the spleen of @entity840 and @entity35 , and the responses to periarterial or subcapsular nerve stimulation were recorded. The innervation of the spleen was studied using fluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques. @entity2922 -containing axons were associated with smooth muscle of the splenic capsule, trabeculae, arterioles and amongst cells of the periarteriolar @entity706 . Axons immunoreactive for @entity10969 (NPY) and @entity669 hydroxylase were distributed in an identical manner to @entity2922 -containing axons, whereas axons immunoreactive for substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide were present at a very low density in spleens from both species. In segments of arterioles, single transmural stimuli evoked excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) of 1-10 mV amplitude. EJPs facilitated during short trains of stimuli (1-10 Hz) and summated at 10 Hz, often initiating a muscle action potential. EJPs persisted in the presence of @entity3159 (1 microM) and @entity9006 (1 microM), but were abolished by the P2x-purinoceptor antagonist @entity5747 (1 mM). Spontaneous depolarizations were observed in smooth muscle cells of arterioles and capsule. Some events in arterioles were observed in the presence of @entity5747 and so may originate postjunctionally independently of transmitter release. As single transmural stimuli failed to evoke a depolarization in capsular smooth muscle, spontaneous depolarizations in this tissue probably also arise postjunctionally. Short trains of high frequency stimuli (10-35 Hz) evoked biphasic depolarizations of capsular smooth muscle cells. The initial component peaked 2.5 s following the onset of stimulation; the second component peaked 15 s following the onset and decayed exponentially with a time constant of 15 s. By fitting a product of exponentials to the second component, it was possible to define the initial component, which decayed with a time constant of around 1.5 s. Neurally evoked depolarizations of capsular smooth muscle were abolished by 1 microM TTX. Blockade of alpha 1-adrenoceptors with @entity3159 reduced the initial component of the depolarization, whereas alpha 2-adrenoceptor blockade with @entity9006 virtually abolished the second component. In some cells a small, faster depolarization persisted after alpha-adrenoceptor blockade. The slow alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated depolarization was identical to that recorded in the @entity35 tail artery and in the @entity840 mesenteric vein. The data indicate that sympathetic neuroeffector transmission from noradrenergic axons containing NPY to splenic arterial and capsular smooth muscle occur by different mechanisms.

title: Electrophysiological events during neuroeffector transmission in the spleen of @entity840 and XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of oral postoperative @entity134 therapy in facial plastic surgery on mood, @entity4 , and ecchymosis. DESIGN: Double-blind randomized trial with placebo control. SETTING: Private practice, ambulatory care facility. @entity1 : Any @entity1 who was to undergo a procedure in which we had previously been employing postoperative @entity134 therapy was a potential @entity1 . Any @entity1 with known contraindications to @entity134 use was excluded. A consecutive, volunteer sample of 60 of 65 @entity1 approached agreed to participate. Five @entity1 of the 60 who participated were excluded from the final results owing to either study or @entity1 errors, leaving a total sample of 55 @entity1 . All 55 @entity1 completed the study in the 7-day follow-up period. No @entity1 were withdrawn owing to adverse effects. INTERVENTION: Taper of @entity229 therapy from 60 mg orally and decreasing by 10 mg each day over a total of 6 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mood, @entity4 , and ecchymosis. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted in mood, @entity4 , or ecchymosis between the placebo and intervention groups. The study observer was blinded to @entity1 groupings in the subjective measures of @entity4 and ecchymosis. The @entity1 rated any changes in mood and were also blinded to the group in which they belonged. CONCLUSIONS: The use of oral @entity230 given postoperatively in facial plastic surgery may be unnecessary and may subject the @entity1 to undue risk. Further studies would be helpful to determine the potential benefit of @entity230 given in different dosages, routes, and timing in relation to the procedure.

title: Effects of XXXX on mood, @entity4 , and ecchymosis in facial plastic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of oral postoperative @entity134 therapy in facial plastic surgery on mood, @entity4 , and ecchymosis. DESIGN: Double-blind randomized trial with placebo control. SETTING: Private practice, ambulatory care facility. @entity1 : Any @entity1 who was to undergo a procedure in which we had previously been employing postoperative @entity134 therapy was a potential @entity1 . Any @entity1 with known contraindications to @entity134 use was excluded. A consecutive, volunteer sample of 60 of 65 @entity1 approached agreed to participate. Five @entity1 of the 60 who participated were excluded from the final results owing to either study or @entity1 errors, leaving a total sample of 55 @entity1 . All 55 @entity1 completed the study in the 7-day follow-up period. No @entity1 were withdrawn owing to adverse effects. INTERVENTION: Taper of @entity229 therapy from 60 mg orally and decreasing by 10 mg each day over a total of 6 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mood, @entity4 , and ecchymosis. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted in mood, @entity4 , or ecchymosis between the placebo and intervention groups. The study observer was blinded to @entity1 groupings in the subjective measures of @entity4 and ecchymosis. The @entity1 rated any changes in mood and were also blinded to the group in which they belonged. CONCLUSIONS: The use of oral @entity230 given postoperatively in facial plastic surgery may be unnecessary and may subject the @entity1 to undue risk. Further studies would be helpful to determine the potential benefit of @entity230 given in different dosages, routes, and timing in relation to the procedure.

title: Effects of @entity230 on mood, XXXX , and ecchymosis in facial plastic surgery.

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: To plan and implement @entity5 control measures, information about the baseline habit patterns of the community is needed. A coastal village near Trivandrum, Kerala, Southern India, supported mainly by the fishing industry, was identified for this study with regard to establishing measures to control @entity5 there. @entity5 is prevalent in Kerala. Smoking and chewing @entity286 and drinking alcoholic beverages are the major risk factors for this @entity5 . The socioeconomic status of the fishermen of Kerala is low and their literacy rate is low. The adults in coastal Kerala have been found to have a habit pattern of very high levels of @entity286 and @entity167 use. A survey was conducted to study the @entity286 and @entity167 use habits of 146 @entity1 and teenagers in this village. The percentages of study subjects with pan- @entity286 -chewing, smoking, and drinking habits were 29%, 2%, and 3%, respectively. The habit pattern correlated negatively with education and positively with number of @entity1 per family. This survey provides information that can be used to plan @entity5 education efforts, including redesigning the school curriculum and focusing on high-risk groups.

title: Use of XXXX and alcoholic beverages by @entity1 and teenagers in a low-income coastal community in south India.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Oral cancer', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: To plan and implement @entity5 control measures, information about the baseline habit patterns of the community is needed. A coastal village near Trivandrum, Kerala, Southern India, supported mainly by the fishing industry, was identified for this study with regard to establishing measures to control @entity5 there. @entity5 is prevalent in Kerala. Smoking and chewing @entity286 and drinking alcoholic beverages are the major risk factors for this @entity5 . The socioeconomic status of the fishermen of Kerala is low and their literacy rate is low. The adults in coastal Kerala have been found to have a habit pattern of very high levels of @entity286 and @entity167 use. A survey was conducted to study the @entity286 and @entity167 use habits of 146 @entity1 and teenagers in this village. The percentages of study subjects with pan- @entity286 -chewing, smoking, and drinking habits were 29%, 2%, and 3%, respectively. The habit pattern correlated negatively with education and positively with number of @entity1 per family. This survey provides information that can be used to plan @entity5 education efforts, including redesigning the school curriculum and focusing on high-risk groups.

title: Use of @entity286 and alcoholic beverages by XXXX and teenagers in a low-income coastal community in south India.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) is a rare condition in which mucinous cyst forms within the adventitia of arteries and veins. The management of @entity66 remains unclear and a wide range of imaging and treatment options has been described. The purpose of this study is to propose an update of etiology, clinical diagnosis, imaging modalities and treatment options in the setting of @entity66 described on arterial territory. METHODS: We performed a systematic review including studies reporting case or case series of @entity66 , searching across the Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases. RESULTS: We identified 513 reports and 677 arterial cysts. Various imaging modalities included duplex ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomographic angiography and conventional angiography. A wide range of treatment options have been performed with the most common being cyst resection followed by saphenous vein graft reconstruction in 259 cases. Follow-up was described in 431 cases with an average of 33 months. There were 51 @entity1 who developed cyst recurrence. Among the 102 cases where joint connection was identified, 40 had either ligation of the joint connection or joint resection, which led to no recurrences. CONCLUSION: @entity66 must be considered as en entity in @entity3657 and considered in the differential diagnosis, in particular for middle-aged male @entity1 who show no evidence of @entity731 . A better understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity66 will allow a consensus on treatment strategy and improve outcomes by reducing recurrence rates.

title: Cystic adventitial pathology as an entity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic adventitial disease', 'CAD', 'CAD still']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: The records of all @entity1 undergoing pancreatogastrostomy after pancreatoduodenal resection at the University of Kansas Medical Center were reviewed. Five @entity1 with a mean age of 26 years (range, 20-32 years) and severe penetrating (n = 3) or blunt (n = 2) @entity130 have required pancreatoduodenectomy followed by pancreatogastrostomy (n = 4) or pancreatogastrostomy alone (n = 1) since 1975. Their mean @entity130 Score was 12 (range, 9-16). All five @entity1 had soft, previously normal pancreatic glands without induration or ductal dilatation. The mean duration of surgery was 6 hours (range, 5-7 hours), mean @entity190 was 7200 mL (range, 1,000-17,500 mL), mean transfusion requirements were 14 units of blood (range, 2-32 units), and mean hospital stay was 37 days (range, 11-90 days). Two @entity1 developed right upper quadrant abscesses that required a second procedure. There were no pancreatic @entity834 , @entity292 , or other complications related to the pancreatogastrostomy. At last examination, all five @entity1 were alive and well and had not developed endocrine or exocrine @entity3210 after a mean follow-up of 4 years (range, 1-9 months). Pancreatogastrostomy following pancreatoduodenectomy for @entity130 has not been previously reported. Our experience demonstrates that pancreatogastrostomy is a safe and expeditious method for handling the pancreatic remnant following pancreatoduodenectomy. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that pancreatogastrostomy has several advantages over pancreatojejunostomy for restoring pancreato-intestinal continuity in @entity130 @entity1 .

title: The role of pancreatogastrostomy following pancreatoduodenectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Noncompliance with neuroleptic treatment is a major barrier to delivery of effective treatment for @entity161 outpatients. This article describes the development of a standardized measure for the assessment of attitudinal and behavioral factors influencing @entity1 compliance with neuroleptic treatment. The Rating of Medication Influences (ROMI) scale was developed as part of a longitudinal study of neuroleptic noncompliance in @entity161 and administered to 115 discharged @entity161 outpatients. Analyses of the following were conducted to assess the scale's psychometric properties: (1) interrater reliability, (2) internal consistency, (3) principal components, (4) correlation with other subjective measures, and (5) correlation with independent family reports. Most (95%) of the ROMI @entity1 -report items were reliable, whereas rater-judgment items were not reliable. The rater section was dropped. A principal components analysis of the reliable @entity1 -report items yielded three subscales related to compliance (Prevention, Influence of Others, and Medication Affinity) and five subscales related to noncompliance ( @entity12661 , Logistical Problems, Rejection of Label, Family Influence, and Negative Therapeutic Alliance). There were significant correlations between these subscales, and independently obtained family-report ROMI items were significant. The @entity12661 subscale correlated strongly with two other published measures of dysphoric response to neuroleptics, whereas the other noncompliance subscales did not. The ROMI is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to assess the @entity1 's subjective reasons for medication compliance and non-compliance. The subscale findings suggest that the ROMI provides a more comprehensive data base for @entity1 -reported compliance attitudes than the other available subjective measures. Indications for use of the ROMI and other subjective measures of neuroleptic response are reviewed.

title: Rating of medication influences (ROMI) scale in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12661 :: ('MESH:D019575', 'Disease') :: ['Denial/Dysphoria']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise and pharmacological stress echocardiography have emerged as convenient alternatives to @entity296 . The objective of this study was to compare in the same @entity1 the diagnostic values of exercise, @entity452 , and @entity4341 stress echocardiography tests for detection of @entity741 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed exercise (maximal treadmill Bruce protocol), @entity452 (up to 40 micrograms/kg per minute) and @entity4341 (up to 0.84 mg/kg over 10 minutes) stress echocardiography tests, in random sequence and on separate days, in 136 consecutive @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent coronary angiography. Significant @entity453 was defined by quantitative coronary angiography as a lesion with a diameter stenosis > or = 50%. A stress echocardiogram was considered positive when new or worsening of preexisting wall motion abnormality was observed. Most of the @entity1 (94%) were receiving the same antianginal medication for each stress test; 59 @entity1 were receiving concomitant beta-blocker therapy. The prevalence of @entity453 was 87.5%, with 108 @entity1 having one-vessel @entity453 . Peak heart rate and systolic blood pressure were higher with exercise than with @entity452 or @entity4341 (P < .01). Sensitivity of exercise, @entity452 , and @entity4341 stress echocardiography was 88%, 82%, and 74% ( @entity4341 versus exercise, P < .01), respectively. Specificity was 82%, 77%, and 94%, respectively. The overall accuracy was 87%, 82%, and 77% ( @entity4341 versus exercise, P < .01), respectively. The accuracy of @entity4341 was higher (P = .02) in the group of @entity1 not receiving beta-blockers (84%) than in the @entity1 receiving beta-blocker therapy (66%), whereas the accuracy of exercise and @entity452 were only slightly higher in the @entity1 not receiving beta-blockers. Significant side effects occurred in 3%, 11%, and 1% of @entity1 during exercise, @entity452 , and @entity4341 tests, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the different hemodynamic effects, exercise, @entity452 , and @entity4341 echocardiography have high overall diagnostic values. In this group of @entity1 with a predominance of one-vessel @entity453 , the overall diagnostic accuracy of stress echocardiography tests was higher for exercise than for @entity452 or @entity4341 . Concomitant beta-blocker therapy significantly decreased the accuracy of the @entity4341 stress echocardiography test. Pharmacological stress testing ( @entity4341 without beta-blockers) can therefore be used as an efficient option for detection of @entity741 in @entity1 who are unable or poorly motivated to exercise adequately.

title: Stress echocardiography in the detection of XXXX . Head-to-head comparison of exercise, @entity452 , and @entity4341 tests.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise and pharmacological stress echocardiography have emerged as convenient alternatives to @entity296 . The objective of this study was to compare in the same @entity1 the diagnostic values of exercise, @entity452 , and @entity4341 stress echocardiography tests for detection of @entity741 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed exercise (maximal treadmill Bruce protocol), @entity452 (up to 40 micrograms/kg per minute) and @entity4341 (up to 0.84 mg/kg over 10 minutes) stress echocardiography tests, in random sequence and on separate days, in 136 consecutive @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent coronary angiography. Significant @entity453 was defined by quantitative coronary angiography as a lesion with a diameter stenosis > or = 50%. A stress echocardiogram was considered positive when new or worsening of preexisting wall motion abnormality was observed. Most of the @entity1 (94%) were receiving the same antianginal medication for each stress test; 59 @entity1 were receiving concomitant beta-blocker therapy. The prevalence of @entity453 was 87.5%, with 108 @entity1 having one-vessel @entity453 . Peak heart rate and systolic blood pressure were higher with exercise than with @entity452 or @entity4341 (P < .01). Sensitivity of exercise, @entity452 , and @entity4341 stress echocardiography was 88%, 82%, and 74% ( @entity4341 versus exercise, P < .01), respectively. Specificity was 82%, 77%, and 94%, respectively. The overall accuracy was 87%, 82%, and 77% ( @entity4341 versus exercise, P < .01), respectively. The accuracy of @entity4341 was higher (P = .02) in the group of @entity1 not receiving beta-blockers (84%) than in the @entity1 receiving beta-blocker therapy (66%), whereas the accuracy of exercise and @entity452 were only slightly higher in the @entity1 not receiving beta-blockers. Significant side effects occurred in 3%, 11%, and 1% of @entity1 during exercise, @entity452 , and @entity4341 tests, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the different hemodynamic effects, exercise, @entity452 , and @entity4341 echocardiography have high overall diagnostic values. In this group of @entity1 with a predominance of one-vessel @entity453 , the overall diagnostic accuracy of stress echocardiography tests was higher for exercise than for @entity452 or @entity4341 . Concomitant beta-blocker therapy significantly decreased the accuracy of the @entity4341 stress echocardiography test. Pharmacological stress testing ( @entity4341 without beta-blockers) can therefore be used as an efficient option for detection of @entity741 in @entity1 who are unable or poorly motivated to exercise adequately.

title: Stress echocardiography in the detection of @entity741 . Head-to-head comparison of exercise, @entity452 , and XXXX tests.

answer: @entity4341 :: (MESH:D004176,Chemical) :: ['dipyridamole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise and pharmacological stress echocardiography have emerged as convenient alternatives to @entity296 . The objective of this study was to compare in the same @entity1 the diagnostic values of exercise, @entity452 , and @entity4341 stress echocardiography tests for detection of @entity741 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed exercise (maximal treadmill Bruce protocol), @entity452 (up to 40 micrograms/kg per minute) and @entity4341 (up to 0.84 mg/kg over 10 minutes) stress echocardiography tests, in random sequence and on separate days, in 136 consecutive @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent coronary angiography. Significant @entity453 was defined by quantitative coronary angiography as a lesion with a diameter stenosis > or = 50%. A stress echocardiogram was considered positive when new or worsening of preexisting wall motion abnormality was observed. Most of the @entity1 (94%) were receiving the same antianginal medication for each stress test; 59 @entity1 were receiving concomitant beta-blocker therapy. The prevalence of @entity453 was 87.5%, with 108 @entity1 having one-vessel @entity453 . Peak heart rate and systolic blood pressure were higher with exercise than with @entity452 or @entity4341 (P < .01). Sensitivity of exercise, @entity452 , and @entity4341 stress echocardiography was 88%, 82%, and 74% ( @entity4341 versus exercise, P < .01), respectively. Specificity was 82%, 77%, and 94%, respectively. The overall accuracy was 87%, 82%, and 77% ( @entity4341 versus exercise, P < .01), respectively. The accuracy of @entity4341 was higher (P = .02) in the group of @entity1 not receiving beta-blockers (84%) than in the @entity1 receiving beta-blocker therapy (66%), whereas the accuracy of exercise and @entity452 were only slightly higher in the @entity1 not receiving beta-blockers. Significant side effects occurred in 3%, 11%, and 1% of @entity1 during exercise, @entity452 , and @entity4341 tests, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the different hemodynamic effects, exercise, @entity452 , and @entity4341 echocardiography have high overall diagnostic values. In this group of @entity1 with a predominance of one-vessel @entity453 , the overall diagnostic accuracy of stress echocardiography tests was higher for exercise than for @entity452 or @entity4341 . Concomitant beta-blocker therapy significantly decreased the accuracy of the @entity4341 stress echocardiography test. Pharmacological stress testing ( @entity4341 without beta-blockers) can therefore be used as an efficient option for detection of @entity741 in @entity1 who are unable or poorly motivated to exercise adequately.

title: Stress echocardiography in the detection of @entity741 . Head-to-head comparison of exercise, XXXX , and @entity4341 tests.

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: There is little information on reconstructive arterial surgery for Takayasu @entity3468 , and the approach is generally negative in this regard. Common causes of @entity204 are @entity64 , @entity1756 and the complications of @entity2792 and @entity177 . The present study aims to examine the results of arterial reconstruction in the medium and long term in @entity1 with histologically proven @entity12040 . In the last 11 years 134 @entity1 have been referred to the vascular service of whom 81 (60%) were suitable for operation. Forty-nine were @entity1 ; age range 3-45 years (average 29.5 years). In 28 the disease was confined to the aortic arch (Type 1); 41 had descending aortic involvement (Type II); six had a combination of arch and @entity2333 (Type 111) and two associated @entity299 (Type IV). Four had isolated peripheral lesions (Type V). Seventy percent of these lesions were aneurysmal. Of the 28 type I @entity1 , two had aortic arch reconstruction, seven segmental replacement. Of the 49 with @entity66 26 had thoraco-abdominal aortic replacement using a bypass technique. The remainder had infrarenal aortic replacement and bypass procedures. Type V (four @entity1 ) had interposition grafts. Overall operative mortality in the Type I @entity1 was 3.6% ( @entity64 ) and in the type II-IV 4%. All of the latter followed operation for @entity1756 and there were no elective deaths. Three months to 11 years after operation four @entity1 (5%) developed fatal progression of the disease and seven (8.9) non-fatal disease progression of whom three required surgical intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Arterial reconstruction for non-specific XXXX ( @entity12040 ): medium to long term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['type II, III and IV disease']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['Arteritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's disease"]

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity3468 :: (MESH:D001167,Disease) :: ['arteritis']


abstract: There is little information on reconstructive arterial surgery for Takayasu @entity3468 , and the approach is generally negative in this regard. Common causes of @entity204 are @entity64 , @entity1756 and the complications of @entity2792 and @entity177 . The present study aims to examine the results of arterial reconstruction in the medium and long term in @entity1 with histologically proven @entity12040 . In the last 11 years 134 @entity1 have been referred to the vascular service of whom 81 (60%) were suitable for operation. Forty-nine were @entity1 ; age range 3-45 years (average 29.5 years). In 28 the disease was confined to the aortic arch (Type 1); 41 had descending aortic involvement (Type II); six had a combination of arch and @entity2333 (Type 111) and two associated @entity299 (Type IV). Four had isolated peripheral lesions (Type V). Seventy percent of these lesions were aneurysmal. Of the 28 type I @entity1 , two had aortic arch reconstruction, seven segmental replacement. Of the 49 with @entity66 26 had thoraco-abdominal aortic replacement using a bypass technique. The remainder had infrarenal aortic replacement and bypass procedures. Type V (four @entity1 ) had interposition grafts. Overall operative mortality in the Type I @entity1 was 3.6% ( @entity64 ) and in the type II-IV 4%. All of the latter followed operation for @entity1756 and there were no elective deaths. Three months to 11 years after operation four @entity1 (5%) developed fatal progression of the disease and seven (8.9) non-fatal disease progression of whom three required surgical intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Arterial reconstruction for non-specific @entity3468 ( XXXX ): medium to long term results.

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regardless of the overall association between diet and acne which cannot be easily ignored, there might be an association between specific nutrients and acne development or improvement. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary intake of sunflower seeds on acne severity and the pattern of acne lesions. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, 50 @entity1 aged 15 - 30 years old with @entity5477 were enrolled through consecutive convenient sampling, in a dermatology clinic in Ardabil, Iran. They were randomly allocated into two trial arms. Those in the control group were asked to stop eating sunflower seeds if they did before. In the intervention group, they consumed 25 g sunflower-containing food daily for seven days. The primary outcome of interest was 10% increase/decrease in the baseline acne severity index (ASI), sustained to the end of the follow-up period on day 14. RESULTS: The mean ASI did not change significantly through the study period in the control group, but it increased in the sunflower group from 62 at the baseline to 86.8 after two weeks (P < 0.001). The ASI mean change was 24.8 in the sunflower group compared to 4.9 in the control group (P < 0.001). The global acne grading score (GAGS) did not significantly change in any of the groups and the difference in the change of GAGS was not significant between the groups (2.4 in the sunflower group versus 1.6 in the control group). Twenty two subjects (88%) in the sunflower group versus 9 (36%) in the control group had at least 10% increment in ASI throughout the follow-up period (P < 0.001). The relative risk of developing the primary outcome in taking the sunflower seed intervention was 2.4 (95% CI: 1.4 - 4.2). The observed risk difference was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.29 - 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: Sunflower seed intake appears to aggravate @entity5477 ; however, further evidence is needed to ban sunflower seed intake in @entity1 with acne. Considering the observed potential negative effect in this trial, future randomized clinical trials may base their design on randomly assigning the exposed @entity1 to give up use of sunflower seed intake.

title: Sunflower Seed and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

answer: @entity5477 :: (MESH:D000152,Disease) :: ['Acne Vulgaris']


abstract: Between 1975 and 1980, 42 @entity660 have been managed, they represented 9.5 per cent of @entity3511 . Nine @entity1 received penetrating @entity130 and thirty three @entity1 sustained blunt @entity130 , the majority of them was a road accident. Associated and concomitant injuries of abdominal organs were present in 81 per cent of cases with the @entity788 . More than 66 per cent have multiple brain, thoraco, abdominal, and @entity79 . Thirty two @entity1 have been treated before the sixth hour. The emergency surgical treatment has been conservative in twenty six @entity1 and a primary resection has been performed in twelve @entity1 , (with eleven partial pancreatectomy and one pancreatoduodenectomy). But four @entity1 died on the operating table because they have extensive injuries to several abdominal organs. @entity260 were present in 66 per cent of cases. They obliged the drainage of abscesses, three distal pancreatectomy and one pancreatoduodenectomy. The global mortality is 31 per cent, the secondary mortality is 21.4 per cent. The authors conclude thanks to the study of this series and of literature that the frequency of @entity788 increased, and that its gravity is directly related to the number of other organs damages, missed or delayed diagnostic and to an inappropriate emergency treatment, which let @entity39 and @entity281 making their deadly evolution.

title: [ XXXX . Report on 42 cases (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injuries']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bones injuries']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injuries']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined the pathomorphology of the caudate nuclei in first-episode @entity161 @entity1 with minimal previous neuroleptic exposure. METHOD: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was used to examine longitudinally the caudate pathomorphology in 29 first-episode @entity161 @entity1 and 10 healthy comparison subjects. MRI scans were obtained after the subjects entered the study and at 18-month follow-up. The @entity1 were treated with standardized neuroleptic regimens during the 18-month period. Volumetric assessments of the cerebral cortex, lateral ventricles, and caudate nuclei were performed on T1-weighted coronal brain sections. In addition, the @entity1 were systematically evaluated for psychopathology at baseline and during treatment. RESULTS: Caudate volumes increased 5.7% in the @entity1 during the 18-month treatment interval, whereas they decreased 1.6% in the comparison subjects over the same time period. Greater amounts of antipsychotic medication received by @entity1 before the first scan and younger age at the time of the first scan were associated with larger increases in caudate volume. CONCLUSIONS: Caudate enlargement occurs early in the course of treatment in young first-episode @entity161 @entity1 . This may be a result of an interaction between neuroleptic treatment and the plasticity of dopaminergic neuronal systems in young @entity1 .

title: Increase in caudate nuclei volumes of first-episode XXXX patients taking antipsychotic drugs.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic']


abstract: A secondary @entity4094 can occur after transfusion of autologous blood withdrawn after injection of muscle relaxants. In this study time course of @entity121 after transfusion of blood withdrawn before or after administration of @entity5159 (A) or @entity3369 (V) was assessed. Forty adults undergoing haemorrhagic urologic surgery were included in the study. After induction of general anaesthesia and intubation of the @entity825 facilitated by local @entity3303 , they were divided into 4 groups. In groups A1 and V1 the blood units were withdrawn before injection of atracurium 0.5 mg.kg-1 or @entity3369 0.1 mg.kg-1. In group A2 and V2 the blood units were withdrawn after administration of muscle relaxants. Haematocrit was decreased to 0.30. The last bolus of these muscle relaxant was injected 30 min before the end of surgical procedure. Autologous blood was transfused when train of four ( @entity71200 ) recovered to 0.80. Electromyographic elicited responses to T4R stimulation were obtained every minute during the 4 first minutes after the beginning of transfusion (T1 to T4), thereafter every minute during the 5 first minutes after the end of transfusion (T5 to T9), and finally every 5 minutes for 10 minutes (T10 and T11). There was a secondary @entity4094 in @entity1 of groups A2 and V2. The intensity of blockade was more important after @entity3369 than after atracurium (p < 0.01 from T2 to T11 between groups A2 and V2). In group A2, the T4R had not reached the control level at the end of the procedure (0.78 at T11 vs 0.80 at T0). These data emphasize the importance of withdrawing blood units before administration of muscle relaxants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Risk of secondary XXXX after autotransfusion of blood drawn from the @entity1 following curare administration].

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity71200 :: ('p|SUB|T|4|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['T4R']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular blockade']


abstract: A secondary @entity4094 can occur after transfusion of autologous blood withdrawn after injection of muscle relaxants. In this study time course of @entity121 after transfusion of blood withdrawn before or after administration of @entity5159 (A) or @entity3369 (V) was assessed. Forty adults undergoing haemorrhagic urologic surgery were included in the study. After induction of general anaesthesia and intubation of the @entity825 facilitated by local @entity3303 , they were divided into 4 groups. In groups A1 and V1 the blood units were withdrawn before injection of atracurium 0.5 mg.kg-1 or @entity3369 0.1 mg.kg-1. In group A2 and V2 the blood units were withdrawn after administration of muscle relaxants. Haematocrit was decreased to 0.30. The last bolus of these muscle relaxant was injected 30 min before the end of surgical procedure. Autologous blood was transfused when train of four ( @entity71200 ) recovered to 0.80. Electromyographic elicited responses to T4R stimulation were obtained every minute during the 4 first minutes after the beginning of transfusion (T1 to T4), thereafter every minute during the 5 first minutes after the end of transfusion (T5 to T9), and finally every 5 minutes for 10 minutes (T10 and T11). There was a secondary @entity4094 in @entity1 of groups A2 and V2. The intensity of blockade was more important after @entity3369 than after atracurium (p < 0.01 from T2 to T11 between groups A2 and V2). In group A2, the T4R had not reached the control level at the end of the procedure (0.78 at T11 vs 0.80 at T0). These data emphasize the importance of withdrawing blood units before administration of muscle relaxants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Risk of secondary @entity4094 after autotransfusion of blood drawn from the XXXX following curare administration].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Five psychosocial factors were empirically derived from a questionnaire administered to 175 @entity748 @entity1 who were taken from three subsamples representing hospitalized inpatients, outpatients and private practice @entity1 . The scales included three measures of @entity148 labeled Despair Over Social Debilitation, Quality of Life, and Dread of Illness, one attitude scale labeled Orientation Towards Compliance, and one scale labeled Family Communication. These scales correlated with measures of debilitation during the 6 month period prior to treatment, which included the number of @entity565 attacks, emergency room visits, days hospitalized, days of school missed and parental ratings of interference in physically strenuous activities. Two groups of @entity1 were defined for each psychosocial factor by a mean split of the scores. The incidence of @entity1 with relatively much @entity148 as defined by three of these scales and a poor attitude about compliance was greatest in the inpatient subsample and least in the private practice subsample. Inpatients also experienced the most debilitation during the 6 month period before testing. Follow-up measures of debilitation were recorded for the 6 month period post discharge. The relationship between the debilitation experienced by the @entity1 and their @entity148 was evaluated. @entity1 groups with much and @entity148 showed comparable and significant reductions in debilitation post hospital treatment. The results were interpreted to indicate that the @entity148 assessed upon admission was the consequence of a history of poor medical manageability. The @entity148 assessed did not appear to contribute to poor control of this illness.

title: Medical manageability and psychosocial factors in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['little anxiety both', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested that probiotic supplementation has beneficial effects on serum lipid profiles. However, there are conflicting results on the efficacy of probiotic preparations in reducing serum @entity165 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of probiotics on human serum lipid levels, we conducted a meta-analysis of interventional studies. METHODS: Eligible reports were obtained by searches of electronic databases. We included randomized, controlled clinical trials comparing probiotic supplementation with placebo or no treatment (control). Statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.3.3. Subanalyses were also performed. RESULTS: Eleven of 33 randomized clinical trials retrieved were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. No @entity1 had received any @entity165 -lowering agent. Probiotic interventions (including fermented milk products and probiotics) produced changes in total @entity165 (TC) (mean difference -0.17 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.07 mmol/L) and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) (mean difference -0.22 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.13 mmol/L). High-density lipoprotein @entity165 and @entity412 levels did not differ significantly between probiotic and control groups. In subanalysis, long-term (>4-week) probiotic intervention was statistically more effective in decreasing TC and LDL-C than short-term ( <=4-week) intervention. The decreases in TC and LDL-C levels with probiotic intervention were greater in mildly @entity753 than in normocholesterolemic individuals. Both fermented milk product and probiotic preparations decreased TC and LDL-C levels. Gaio and the @entity9206 reduced TC and LDL-C levels to a greater extent than other bacterial strains. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed that probiotic supplementation could be useful in the primary prevention of @entity1007 and may lead to reductions in risk factors for @entity65 .

title: Meta-Analysis: Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in XXXX Individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus strain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['Normal to Mildly Hypercholesterolemic']


abstract: In the previous study, using @entity505 tracer, we reported the ultrastructural evidences which suggested the increased capillary permeability of preovulatory @entity95 ovarian follicles. In the present study, another tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP 50 A in diameter, mw. 40,000), being smaller than @entity505 particle, was used to examine the permeability of perifollicular capillaries. HRP left capillaries and appeared in the follicular cavity immediately after the injection into aorta, through all stages of follicular development. In the capillaries, the narrow interendothelial clefts (about 100-200 A in width) were observed through preovulatory stages. Fenestrations were noted at 3,4,6 hours after the hCG injection, and interendothelial gaps (about 1,000-10,000 A in width) were seen at 10, 12 hours. HRP passed through these structures and infiltrated the capillary basal lamina and the basal lamina of the follicle and went through the intercellular spaces between granulosa cells. Therefore, the increased permeability of perifollicular capillaries, just prior to ovulation, were not so obvious as when @entity505 particles were used. On the other hand, @entity505 particles, injected via marginal ear vein, were incorporated in the endothelial vesicles 15 min. after its administration and retained beneath the basal lamina outside the follicle within 60 min. These observations indicated that "blood follicle barrier" consisting of capillary endothelium, basal lamina, basal lamina of the follicle and granulosa layer played an inhibitory role to large molecules but not to small molecules.

title: [An ultrastructural study of capillary permeability of XXXX ovarian follicles using horseradish peroxidase as a tracer (author's transl)].

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The @entity470 is overexpressed in @entity957 and the @entity470 has been proposed as a potential target for new therapeutic agents in this @entity5 type. We have utilized a tyrphostintype inhibitor of the @entity470 @entity669 kinase domain ( @entity26500 ) to study EGF-dependent proliferation and phosphorylation in two @entity1 @entity957 cell lines. There were selected on the basis that whereas both cell lines have a large number of EGF receptors, one is growth inhibited by EGF (A431) while the proliferation of the other cell line (B2A4) is stimulated by EGF. EGF induced receptor autophosphorylation in each of the two cell lines; however, the level of phosphorylation was greater in the A431 cells than in the B2A4 cells. The pattern of proteins phosphorylated in response to EGF was different in the two squamous cell lines. @entity26500 antagonized the EGF-dependent proliferation of B2A4 cells, but was unable to reverse the inhibitory effect of EGF on A431 cell growth. @entity26500 partially inhibited @entity470 autophosphorylation in both cell lines and completely inhibited the EGF-dependent phosphorylation of other cellular proteins, one of which co-migrated with @entity14383 kinase in both cell lines. Moreover, different dose-response relationships for the inhibition of phosphorylation of various proteins were observed in A431 versus B2A4 cells. As a substrate competitive inhibitor of the @entity470 @entity669 kinase, the primary mode of action of @entity26500 may be to prevent the association and/or phosphorylation of multiple specific substrates of the receptor in a fashion which may be cell line dependent. The precise relationship of these phosphorylation events to @entity12079 sensitivity remains to be established.

title: Alterations in EGF-dependent proliferative and phosphorylation events in @entity957 cell lines by a XXXX kinase inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGF receptor', 'epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12079 :: ('CHEBI:38637', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrphostin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: The @entity470 is overexpressed in @entity957 and the @entity470 has been proposed as a potential target for new therapeutic agents in this @entity5 type. We have utilized a tyrphostintype inhibitor of the @entity470 @entity669 kinase domain ( @entity26500 ) to study EGF-dependent proliferation and phosphorylation in two @entity1 @entity957 cell lines. There were selected on the basis that whereas both cell lines have a large number of EGF receptors, one is growth inhibited by EGF (A431) while the proliferation of the other cell line (B2A4) is stimulated by EGF. EGF induced receptor autophosphorylation in each of the two cell lines; however, the level of phosphorylation was greater in the A431 cells than in the B2A4 cells. The pattern of proteins phosphorylated in response to EGF was different in the two squamous cell lines. @entity26500 antagonized the EGF-dependent proliferation of B2A4 cells, but was unable to reverse the inhibitory effect of EGF on A431 cell growth. @entity26500 partially inhibited @entity470 autophosphorylation in both cell lines and completely inhibited the EGF-dependent phosphorylation of other cellular proteins, one of which co-migrated with @entity14383 kinase in both cell lines. Moreover, different dose-response relationships for the inhibition of phosphorylation of various proteins were observed in A431 versus B2A4 cells. As a substrate competitive inhibitor of the @entity470 @entity669 kinase, the primary mode of action of @entity26500 may be to prevent the association and/or phosphorylation of multiple specific substrates of the receptor in a fashion which may be cell line dependent. The precise relationship of these phosphorylation events to @entity12079 sensitivity remains to be established.

title: Alterations in EGF-dependent proliferative and phosphorylation events in XXXX cell lines by a @entity669 kinase inhibitor.

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increasing @entity1 ' participation in health care is a commonly cited goal. While @entity1 decision aids can promote participation, they remain underutilized. Theory-based models that assess barriers and facilitators to sustained decision @entity3224 use are needed. The ready, willing, and able model specifies three preconditions for behavioral change. We present a descriptive analysis of the uptake of @entity1 decision aids in the primary care setting and show how the ready, willing, and able model can be used to identify potential barriers and facilitators. METHODS: An Ovid Medline literature search from January 2004 to November 2014 was used; additional sources were identified from reference lists and through peer consultations. Barriers and facilitators to decision @entity3224 use were identified and grouped into salient themes. RESULTS: The ready, willing, and able model provided a simple yet practical framework for identifying the mechanisms that facilitate (or work against) the adoption of @entity1 decision aids within primary care. While time was a prominent barrier, additional barriers such as perceived legitimacy, clinic capacity, processes of care, and the overarching health care environment were also noted. CONCLUSIONS: The ready, willing, and able model posits that several preconditions must first be satisfied before sustained use of @entity1 decision aids can take hold. By pinpointing bottlenecks, the model can inform policies and tailored interventions to target identified problems. Using the model to troubleshoot for bottlenecks prior to the implementation of a decision @entity3224 could help to improve uptake and sustained use within the primary care setting.

title: Decision XXXX Use in Primary Care: An Overview and Theory-Based Framework.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity3224 :: (57379,Gene) :: ['Aid']


abstract: OKT3 was used to treat @entity134 -resistant acute renal allograft rejection in 30 of 496 adult @entity1 transplanted over a 6-year period. Rejection was reversed (defined as a fall in serum @entity1011 by 50% or more within 30 days of treatment with OKT3) in 40% of cases. Successful reversal was significantly more likely when rejection occurred shortly after transplantation (t ratio -2.53; P = 0.019). The long-term outcome was disappointing; the actuarial graft survival at 1 year from the start of treatment with OKT3 was 42%, and no grafts have thus far survived longer than 3 years. Graft survival was shorter in older @entity1 ( @entity2246 .226; P < 0.05), and no other predictor of long-term outcome was identified. @entity1 survival at 3 years was 88%. Serious @entity281 occurred in 33% of @entity1 , with two deaths. Our experience suggests that treatment with OKT3 is unlikely to reverse acute renal allograft rejection in more than half of @entity1 where rejection is resistant to @entity230 . Although long-term graft survival occurred in a few cases, the overall long-term outcome was disappointing, particularly in older @entity1 . Finally, our analysis indicates the difficulty of predicting which @entity1 will derive long-term benefit when OKT3 is used to treat @entity134 -resistant rejection.

title: Long-term outcome of the use of OKT3 to treat XXXX -resistant acute renal allograft rejection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['coefficient/standard error 2']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: The mechanism of @entity1 neutrophil clearance of peptidoglycan group A-specific polysaccharide polymers derived from streptococcal cell walls (PG- @entity12009 ) was investigated by high voltage immunoelectron microscopy (HVEM) in order to determine how neutrophils process this highly inflammatory bacterial debris. Neutrophil monolayers were incubated from 5-30 min with serum-opsonized PG- @entity12009 . Cells were lightly fixed with 0.5% @entity3584 , and the PG- @entity12009 was localized on the neutrophil surface by immunogold using antibodies to @entity3954 and 15 nm colloidal gold coupled to goat anti-rabbit IgG. Neutrophils were viewed unsectioned by stereo HVEM. Patches of PG- @entity12009 were distributed randomly on the plasmalemma of well-spread neutrophils within 5 min. In polarized cells, PG- @entity12009 was densely localized on the uropod and retraction fibers. Within 15 min, PG- @entity12009 was predominantly concentrated into a large aggregate, measuring approximately 1 micron in diameter, near the cell margin or nucleus. The aggregate of PG- @entity12009 was engulfed in the vicinity of the indentation of the nucleus (hof). Intact microfilaments were required for aggregation and internalization of PG- @entity12009 . Binding of PG- @entity12009 was dependent upon complement fixation. Furthermore, PG- @entity12009 elicited an increase in density of complement receptor type 3 (CR3, C3bi receptor) on the neutrophil surface as determined by morphometry of immunogold labeled anti-CR3. When cells were stained for both PG- @entity12009 and CR3, co-localization was observed, and stereomicroscopy revealed clusters of CR3 in areas associated with phagocytosis. These data suggest that neutrophils use an efficient mechanism for @entity2348 . Unlike whole streptococci which are phagocytosed at multiple sites, these bacterial cell walls are first collected into a large aggregate, or cap, which is then internalized at one site.

title: High voltage immunoelectron microscopy of complement receptor type 3-mediated capping and internalization of group A streptococcal cell walls by XXXX neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['removal of bacterial debris']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6446 is a rare disease characterized by @entity6446 and soft-tissue @entity2695 . Additionally, @entity5 including @entity977 have been described in these @entity1 . The underlying genetic etiology lies in somatic mosaicism of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( @entity818 ) or isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 ( @entity14051 ). This report describes a @entity1 with @entity6446 who presented with @entity5 of the skull base and suprasellar region. The @entity1 underwent resection of both @entity5 , revealing histopathological diagnoses of @entity511 and @entity977 . DNA sequencing of the @entity5 was performed to identify common @entity8725 mutations. Clinical, radiological, and biochemical assessments were performed. Genotypic studies used standard Sanger sequencing in conjunction with a target-specific peptide nucleic acid to detect @entity818 mutations in @entity5 tissues. DNA sequencing demonstrated identical @entity818 mutations ( @entity43180 ) in both @entity5 . To the authors' knowledge, this report provides the first genetic evidence for the inclusion of @entity977 among @entity5 characterizing @entity6446 . In @entity1 who are newly diagnosed with @entity6446 , it is appropriate to monitor for development of @entity4611 .

title: Somatic @entity818 mutation in a @entity977 of a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumors', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary pathology and neuroendocrine dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity6446 :: ('MESH:D004687', 'Disease') :: ['Maffucci syndrome', 'multiple enchondromas']

answer: @entity6446 :: (MESH:D004687,Disease) :: ['Maffucci syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6446 is a rare disease characterized by @entity6446 and soft-tissue @entity2695 . Additionally, @entity5 including @entity977 have been described in these @entity1 . The underlying genetic etiology lies in somatic mosaicism of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( @entity818 ) or isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 ( @entity14051 ). This report describes a @entity1 with @entity6446 who presented with @entity5 of the skull base and suprasellar region. The @entity1 underwent resection of both @entity5 , revealing histopathological diagnoses of @entity511 and @entity977 . DNA sequencing of the @entity5 was performed to identify common @entity8725 mutations. Clinical, radiological, and biochemical assessments were performed. Genotypic studies used standard Sanger sequencing in conjunction with a target-specific peptide nucleic acid to detect @entity818 mutations in @entity5 tissues. DNA sequencing demonstrated identical @entity818 mutations ( @entity43180 ) in both @entity5 . To the authors' knowledge, this report provides the first genetic evidence for the inclusion of @entity977 among @entity5 characterizing @entity6446 . In @entity1 who are newly diagnosed with @entity6446 , it is appropriate to monitor for development of @entity4611 .

title: Somatic @entity818 mutation in a XXXX of a @entity1 with @entity6446 .

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6446 is a rare disease characterized by @entity6446 and soft-tissue @entity2695 . Additionally, @entity5 including @entity977 have been described in these @entity1 . The underlying genetic etiology lies in somatic mosaicism of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( @entity818 ) or isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 ( @entity14051 ). This report describes a @entity1 with @entity6446 who presented with @entity5 of the skull base and suprasellar region. The @entity1 underwent resection of both @entity5 , revealing histopathological diagnoses of @entity511 and @entity977 . DNA sequencing of the @entity5 was performed to identify common @entity8725 mutations. Clinical, radiological, and biochemical assessments were performed. Genotypic studies used standard Sanger sequencing in conjunction with a target-specific peptide nucleic acid to detect @entity818 mutations in @entity5 tissues. DNA sequencing demonstrated identical @entity818 mutations ( @entity43180 ) in both @entity5 . To the authors' knowledge, this report provides the first genetic evidence for the inclusion of @entity977 among @entity5 characterizing @entity6446 . In @entity1 who are newly diagnosed with @entity6446 , it is appropriate to monitor for development of @entity4611 .

title: Somatic XXXX mutation in a @entity977 of a @entity1 with @entity6446 .

answer: @entity818 :: (3417,Gene) :: ['IDH1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6446 is a rare disease characterized by @entity6446 and soft-tissue @entity2695 . Additionally, @entity5 including @entity977 have been described in these @entity1 . The underlying genetic etiology lies in somatic mosaicism of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( @entity818 ) or isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 ( @entity14051 ). This report describes a @entity1 with @entity6446 who presented with @entity5 of the skull base and suprasellar region. The @entity1 underwent resection of both @entity5 , revealing histopathological diagnoses of @entity511 and @entity977 . DNA sequencing of the @entity5 was performed to identify common @entity8725 mutations. Clinical, radiological, and biochemical assessments were performed. Genotypic studies used standard Sanger sequencing in conjunction with a target-specific peptide nucleic acid to detect @entity818 mutations in @entity5 tissues. DNA sequencing demonstrated identical @entity818 mutations ( @entity43180 ) in both @entity5 . To the authors' knowledge, this report provides the first genetic evidence for the inclusion of @entity977 among @entity5 characterizing @entity6446 . In @entity1 who are newly diagnosed with @entity6446 , it is appropriate to monitor for development of @entity4611 .

title: Somatic @entity818 mutation in a @entity977 of a XXXX with @entity6446 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']