abstract: A "good" in vivo animal model of @entity64 must reproduce the etiology, anatomical, functional and metabolic consequences of @entity1 pathology and must also permit the study of anti- @entity63 drugs in conditions pertinent to the clinical therapeutics. As @entity64 is a very heterogeneous clinical entity, such a model could only mimic a limited part of @entity64 . Animal data are usually collected in healthy laboratory rodents of the same age, in which a standardized amount of @entity2806 is induced by a reproducible intervention. In contrast, aetiology, location and severity of @entity64 in @entity1 is very heterogeneous. Among the various animal models of @entity64 , two of them are particularly used: a model of global transient @entity63 by occlusion of the 4-vessels in the @entity35 (Pulsinelli's model), which induces a delayed @entity528 in the hippocampus and model(s) of permanent or transient focal @entity2806 occluding the middle cerebral artery in rodents. A large number of compounds have been shown to be active using these two animal models, but unfortunately, none of them were found to be active in clinical trials. Various factors could be responsible for this major discrepancy and some of them are not related to pre-clinical studies, but to the complexities of the clinical problem of @entity64 . Failure in the translation of results from animals models to @entity1 implicates potential limitations of the current drug development process. Retrospective analysis of studies suggests possible improvements at several stages during pre-clinical studies. Standardized guidelines for preclinical evaluation of neuroprotective drugs may improve chances of success. For example, preclinical studies should be performed in at least 2 species and 2 strains for a specific specie in order to take into account known strain and species differences. Moreover, while neuroprotection drug development is dominated by volumetric histology as the outcome measure, the demonstration of functional benefits must be performed both after short and long periods of recovery. Attempts should be made to use multiple models such as @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 , outbred rodents and aged animals that more closely simulate clinical conditions. In addition, treatment in animals should not be given immediately after ischaemia, but after a delay, as most @entity1 are not treated within minutes of @entity64 onset. Animal models should be used to determine dosage and duration of therapy, which will vary with the pharmacokinetic properties of different agents. Moreover, complete dose-response curves should be established as bell-shaped dose-responses curves may predict dose-limiting adverse effects that hinder subsequent efficacy trials. Finally, physiological monitoring (cerebral blood flow, blood pressure and gazes, body temperature, glycemia, ...) should be performed to eliminate confounding variables and to observe adverse systemic effects. The future of neuroprotection for @entity64 remains bright in spite of previous disappointments.

title: [In vivo exploration of XXXX : use of neuroprotective agents in animal studies].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: Microbial analyses of fermented milk products require selective methods to discriminate between close species simultaneously present in high amounts. A culture-based method combining novel chromogenic agar media and appropriate incubation conditions was developed to enumerate @entity880 bacteria (LAB) strains in fermented milk. M1 agar, containing two chromogenic substrates, allowed selective enumeration of @entity10263 , two strains of @entity10264 and @entity5858 based on differential b-galactosidase and b-glucosidase activities. Depending on the presence of some or all of the above strains, M1 agar was supplemented with @entity10547 or @entity2176 and incubations were carried out at 37    C or 44    C to increase selectivity. A second agar medium, M2, containing one chromogenic substrates was used to selectively enumerate b-galactosidase producing @entity6330 at 47    C. By contrast with the usual culture media, the chromogenic method allowed unambiguous enumeration of each species, including discrimination between the two @entity6983 , up to 10(9)  CFU/g of fermented milk. In addition, the relevance of the method was approved by enumerating reference ATCC strains in pure cultures and fermented milk product. The method could also be used for enumerations on non-Danone commercial fermented milk products containing strains different from those used in this study, showing versatility of the method. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a chromogenic culture method applied to selective enumeration of LAB.

title: Novel method based on chromogenic media for discrimination and selective enumeration of XXXX bacteria in fermented milk products.

entities_list: @entity10264 :: ('47714', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity10547 :: ('CHEBI:62346', 'Chemical') :: ['l-rhamnose']

entities_list: @entity10263 :: ('47715', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus']

entities_list: @entity6330 :: ('1585', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Whether newly diagnosed @entity955 (nAF) after @entity64 reflects underlying @entity299 and represents an increased risk of @entity64 , or whether it is triggered by neurogenic mechanisms remains uncertain. We investigated, whether cardiovascular risk factors and echocardiographic parameters in @entity1 with nAF are similar to @entity1 with known AF (kAF) and differ from @entity1 without AF. METHODS: Consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 were enrolled into a prospective @entity64 database. All @entity1 with echocardiography were included and univariable and multivariable testing was applied to compare clinical characteristics and echocardiographic findings among @entity1 with nAF, kAF, and no AF. RESULTS: A total of 1397 @entity1 were included (male, 62.3%; median age, 71 years). AF was present in 320 (22.9%) @entity1 . Of those, nAF was present in 36.2% (116/320) and kAF in 63.8% (204/320). No clinical or echocardiographic factor was independently associated with detection of nAF compared with kAF but a trend toward larger left atrial diameters in @entity1 with kAF was observed (P=0.070). In contrast, @entity1 with nAF were more often female (P<0.001), older (P<0.001) and had a larger left atrial diameters (P<0.001) compared with @entity1 without AF. While @entity64 severity in @entity1 with nAF and kAF was similar, @entity1 without AF had less severe @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity64 @entity1 with nAF and with kAF share common cardiovascular risk factors, have similar echocardiographic findings and suffer equally severe @entity64 . We conclude that preexisting @entity299 is the major cause of AF that is first diagnosed after @entity64 .

title: Preexisting @entity299 Underlies Newly Diagnosed XXXX After Acute @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Whether newly diagnosed @entity955 (nAF) after @entity64 reflects underlying @entity299 and represents an increased risk of @entity64 , or whether it is triggered by neurogenic mechanisms remains uncertain. We investigated, whether cardiovascular risk factors and echocardiographic parameters in @entity1 with nAF are similar to @entity1 with known AF (kAF) and differ from @entity1 without AF. METHODS: Consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 were enrolled into a prospective @entity64 database. All @entity1 with echocardiography were included and univariable and multivariable testing was applied to compare clinical characteristics and echocardiographic findings among @entity1 with nAF, kAF, and no AF. RESULTS: A total of 1397 @entity1 were included (male, 62.3%; median age, 71 years). AF was present in 320 (22.9%) @entity1 . Of those, nAF was present in 36.2% (116/320) and kAF in 63.8% (204/320). No clinical or echocardiographic factor was independently associated with detection of nAF compared with kAF but a trend toward larger left atrial diameters in @entity1 with kAF was observed (P=0.070). In contrast, @entity1 with nAF were more often female (P<0.001), older (P<0.001) and had a larger left atrial diameters (P<0.001) compared with @entity1 without AF. While @entity64 severity in @entity1 with nAF and kAF was similar, @entity1 without AF had less severe @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity64 @entity1 with nAF and with kAF share common cardiovascular risk factors, have similar echocardiographic findings and suffer equally severe @entity64 . We conclude that preexisting @entity299 is the major cause of AF that is first diagnosed after @entity64 .

title: Preexisting @entity299 Underlies Newly Diagnosed @entity955 After Acute XXXX .

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Whether newly diagnosed @entity955 (nAF) after @entity64 reflects underlying @entity299 and represents an increased risk of @entity64 , or whether it is triggered by neurogenic mechanisms remains uncertain. We investigated, whether cardiovascular risk factors and echocardiographic parameters in @entity1 with nAF are similar to @entity1 with known AF (kAF) and differ from @entity1 without AF. METHODS: Consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 were enrolled into a prospective @entity64 database. All @entity1 with echocardiography were included and univariable and multivariable testing was applied to compare clinical characteristics and echocardiographic findings among @entity1 with nAF, kAF, and no AF. RESULTS: A total of 1397 @entity1 were included (male, 62.3%; median age, 71 years). AF was present in 320 (22.9%) @entity1 . Of those, nAF was present in 36.2% (116/320) and kAF in 63.8% (204/320). No clinical or echocardiographic factor was independently associated with detection of nAF compared with kAF but a trend toward larger left atrial diameters in @entity1 with kAF was observed (P=0.070). In contrast, @entity1 with nAF were more often female (P<0.001), older (P<0.001) and had a larger left atrial diameters (P<0.001) compared with @entity1 without AF. While @entity64 severity in @entity1 with nAF and kAF was similar, @entity1 without AF had less severe @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity64 @entity1 with nAF and with kAF share common cardiovascular risk factors, have similar echocardiographic findings and suffer equally severe @entity64 . We conclude that preexisting @entity299 is the major cause of AF that is first diagnosed after @entity64 .

title: Preexisting XXXX Underlies Newly Diagnosed @entity955 After Acute @entity385 .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Heart Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A lower glycaemic index (GI) diet is associated with a reduction in glycosylated Hb (HbA(1c)) in @entity1 with @entity6 . Yet, little research has been conducted to determine the effects of specific goals regarding consumption of low GI (LGI) foods on @entity6 outcomes. The present study evaluated a behavioural intervention on dietary intake, weight status and HbA(1c), which included a goal to consume either six or eight servings of LGI foods daily. DESIGN: A parallel two-group design was used. Following the 5-week intervention, @entity1 were randomly assigned to the group of six (n 15) or eight (n 20) servings of LGI foods daily and followed up for 8 weeks. Dietary intake was assessed using the mean of 4 d food records. SETTING: A metropolitan community in the USA. SUBJECTS: Individuals aged 40-65 years with @entity164 2 @entity6 of >= 1 year and HbA(1c) >=  7  0 % were eligible. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between goal difficulty groups with regard to GI servings at the end of the study. However, mean consumption of LGI foods increased by 2  05 (SE 0  47) and 1  65 (SE 0  40) servings per 4184 kJ in the six (P < 0  001) and eight (P < 0  001) LGI serving groups, respectively. For all @entity1 combined, there were significant decreases in mean HbA(1c) (-0  58 (SE 0  21) %; P = 0  01), weight (-2  30 (SE 0  78) kg; P = 0  01), BMI (-0  80 (SE 0  29) kg/m(2); P = 0  01) and waist circumference (-2  36 (SE 0  81) cm; P = 0  01). CONCLUSIONS: An intervention including a specific goal to consume six to eight servings of LGI foods daily can improve @entity6 outcomes. Clinicians should help @entity1 set specific targets for dietary change and identify ways of achieving those goals.

title: A behavioural intervention incorporating specific glycaemic index goals improves dietary quality, weight control and glycaemic control in adults with XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A lower glycaemic index (GI) diet is associated with a reduction in glycosylated Hb (HbA(1c)) in @entity1 with @entity6 . Yet, little research has been conducted to determine the effects of specific goals regarding consumption of low GI (LGI) foods on @entity6 outcomes. The present study evaluated a behavioural intervention on dietary intake, weight status and HbA(1c), which included a goal to consume either six or eight servings of LGI foods daily. DESIGN: A parallel two-group design was used. Following the 5-week intervention, @entity1 were randomly assigned to the group of six (n 15) or eight (n 20) servings of LGI foods daily and followed up for 8 weeks. Dietary intake was assessed using the mean of 4 d food records. SETTING: A metropolitan community in the USA. SUBJECTS: Individuals aged 40-65 years with @entity164 2 @entity6 of >= 1 year and HbA(1c) >=  7  0 % were eligible. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between goal difficulty groups with regard to GI servings at the end of the study. However, mean consumption of LGI foods increased by 2  05 (SE 0  47) and 1  65 (SE 0  40) servings per 4184 kJ in the six (P < 0  001) and eight (P < 0  001) LGI serving groups, respectively. For all @entity1 combined, there were significant decreases in mean HbA(1c) (-0  58 (SE 0  21) %; P = 0  01), weight (-2  30 (SE 0  78) kg; P = 0  01), BMI (-0  80 (SE 0  29) kg/m(2); P = 0  01) and waist circumference (-2  36 (SE 0  81) cm; P = 0  01). CONCLUSIONS: An intervention including a specific goal to consume six to eight servings of LGI foods daily can improve @entity6 outcomes. Clinicians should help @entity1 set specific targets for dietary change and identify ways of achieving those goals.

title: A behavioural intervention incorporating specific glycaemic index goals improves dietary quality, weight control and glycaemic control in adults with @entity164 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Kindlins are a novel family of intracellular adaptor proteins in integrin-containing focal adhesions. @entity15958 are expressed in the skin, but whether and how they cooperate in adult epithelial cells have remained elusive. We uncovered the overlapping roles of @entity15958 in maintaining epithelial integrity and show that the phenotype of @entity53713 -deficient cells can be modulated by regulating @entity43166 gene expression and vice versa. The experimental evidence is provided by use of @entity1 keratinocyte cell lines that express both kindlins, just @entity53713 or @entity43166 , or none of them. Double deficiency of @entity15958 had significant negative effects on focal adhesion formation and actin cytoskeleton organization, cell adhesion, survival, directional migration, and activation of b(1) integrin, whereas @entity942 kindlin only showed variable perturbation of these functions. Cell motility and formation of cell-cell contacts were particularly affected by lack of @entity43166 . These results predict that @entity15958 can functionally compensate for each other, at least in part. The high physiologic and pathologic significance of the compensation was emphasized by the discovery of environmental regulation of @entity43166 expression. UV-B irradiation induced loss of @entity43166 in keratinocytes. This first example of environmental regulation of kindlin expression has implications for phenotype modulation in @entity2639 , a @entity272 caused by @entity53713 deficiency.

title: XXXX have overlapping functions in epithelial cells implications for phenotype modification.

entities_list: @entity2639 :: ('MESH:C536321', 'Disease') :: ['Kindler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorder']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of one']

answer: @entity15958 :: (55612;10979,Gene) :: ['Kindlin-1 and -2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Medication non-adherence is one of the major challenges in treating @entity1 with @entity308 . This systematic review aims to determine the clinical and economic outcomes of non-adherence in @entity308 . METHODS: A systematic search was performed across the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, DARE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; from database inception to March 31, 2015. Studies must report on the association between adherence and outcomes, and English full texts needed to be available. The quality of each study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS: A total of 11 articles were included, with eight reporting on clinical outcomes, two reporting on economic outcomes, and one reporting on both. The majority of studies were retrospective cohort studies. The mean quality of all included studies was 7, with a range from 3 to 9. Results clearly indicate that @entity1 who were non-adherent were more likely to experience increased risks of relapse and/or recurrence, emergency department visits, and hospitalization rates; increased severity of @entity308 , and a decrease in response and remission rates. The worsening of clinical outcomes in @entity1 who were non-adherent subsequently translated to an increase in healthcare utilization and charges. LIMITATIONS: No standardized adherence measurement tools were used, and few studies looked at the economic impact of non-adherence in @entity308 . CONCLUSION: There is a strong association between non-adherence to antidepressants and a worsening of @entity1 ' clinical and economic outcomes. Cost-effective interventions should be directed to this group of @entity1 to improve medication adherence.

title: Clinical and economic impact of non-adherence to antidepressants in major XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite recognized benefits of optimal glyacemic control in @entity1 with T1DM, this is still difficult to achieve, particularly for adolescents and young adults. Recognition of factors that may assist early optimization of glycaemic control is therefore important. AIMS: We explored associations of demographic, social and behavioural factors with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in @entity1 with T1DM aged 18-25 years. @entity1 and methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed on young adults attending a dedicated multidisciplinary clinic at Fremantle Hospital, Western Australia from January to August 2014. RESULTS: Data from 93 @entity1 was analysed. Mean age was 21.4  2.3 years and 39.8% of the cohort were female. Longer duration of @entity6 was associated with higher HbA1c (r = 0.25, p=0.04). @entity1 had lower HbA1c than @entity1 (8.2  1.6 vs. 9.2  2.0%, p=0.01). Increased frequency of clinic attendance was associated with lower HbA1c (r = -0.27, p=0.02). Those engaged in work or study had better HbA1c compared to those who were not (8.9  2.1 vs. 10.5  2.1%, p=0.03). Socioeconomic disadvantage, risk-taking behaviour, insulin pump use and distance travelled to clinic were not associated with differences in HbA1c. CONCLUSION: In young adults with T1DM, geographic separation, socioeconomic disadvantage and risk taking behaviours did not influence glycaemic control. Longer duration of @entity6 identifies young adults at higher risk of poor control, while attendance at a multidisciplinary clinic and engagement in work or study was associated with better glycemic control. Additional studies are warranted to clarify the role of behavioural interventions to improve @entity6 management in young adults.

title: Associations of demographic and behavioural factors with glycaemic control in young adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Men']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) acts in the first step in release of @entity413 from glycogen, a form of energy storage for most organisms. To investigate the characteristics and expression pattern of GP gene (Ofgp) in the @entity3530 , @entity3530 (Guen  e), larvae, we cloned and analyzed tissue transcription of Ofgp. The results indicate that the @entity5545 ( @entity5545 ) is 2,526 bp, encoding 841 @entity3689 . The calculated three-dimensional structure shows 33 a-helices and 24 b-sheets. Ofgp transcription levels varied significantly during the second to fifth instars under long-day (28  C, 16:8 L:D photoperiod, and 70-80% relative humidity (RH)) and short-day (24.5  C, 11:13 L:D photoperiod, and 70-80% RH) conditions, remained low during the prediapause phase, and then increased after about 36 d under short-day photoperiod. In the larvae reared under long-day condition, hemolymph ranked the highest in the transcript level of Ofgp. The highest transcription was recorded in the fat body and was lower in the other tissues in larvae reared under short-day condition. We found that Ofgp transcription increased linearly from October 2012 to January 2013. The transcript level was negatively correlated with environmental temperature. We infer the higher Ofgp transcription may enhance the cold hardiness of the diapause larvae.

title: EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF THE GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE GENE RELATED TO LARVAL DIAPAUSE IN XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3530 :: ('93504', 'Species') :: ['Asian corn borer', 'Ostrinia furnacalis']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['ORF', 'open reading frame']

answer: @entity3530 :: (93504,Species) :: ['Ostrinia furnacalis']


abstract: PURPOSE: PET @entity519 imaging of @entity135 ( @entity135 ) has the potential to stratify the response to radiochemotherapy. The aim of this work was to quantify the statistical properties of @entity5 subvolumes measured by PET, and their impact on failure rate of standard chemoradiation. METHODS: A PubMed search was undertaken to identify relevant publications between 2001 and July 2015, containing original data regarding the properties of @entity135 @entity519 subvolumes and their evolution during therapy, measured using specific PET tracers. RESULTS: The number and intensity of @entity519 voxels is significantly reduced during therapy. @entity1 are 4.2 times more likely to have negative outcome if baseline @entity519 . The change of the @entity519 volume during therapy, as well as the statistical distribution of the @entity519 fraction (HF), is quantified and analyzed. HF strongly correlates with the median T/M ( @entity5 -to-muscle) SUV (standard uptake value) ratio, but not with gross @entity5 volume. @entity519 is 2.2 times more frequently manifest in T3   +   T4 than in T1   +   T2 @entity5 . Calculated quantities are presented for primary and @entity5 separately, where available. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity519 diminishes during chemoradiation, it is a major predictor of outcome. HF, if large enough, can be predicted from the median T/M SUV ratio. CT-delineated gross @entity5 size does not influence the percentage of @entity519 voxels. @entity5 are less likely @entity519 at an earlier stage.

title: PET-based quantification of statistical properties of XXXX subvolumes in @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'hypoxic tumor', 'Primary tumors', 'nodal tumors']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hypoxic tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: PET @entity519 imaging of @entity135 ( @entity135 ) has the potential to stratify the response to radiochemotherapy. The aim of this work was to quantify the statistical properties of @entity5 subvolumes measured by PET, and their impact on failure rate of standard chemoradiation. METHODS: A PubMed search was undertaken to identify relevant publications between 2001 and July 2015, containing original data regarding the properties of @entity135 @entity519 subvolumes and their evolution during therapy, measured using specific PET tracers. RESULTS: The number and intensity of @entity519 voxels is significantly reduced during therapy. @entity1 are 4.2 times more likely to have negative outcome if baseline @entity519 . The change of the @entity519 volume during therapy, as well as the statistical distribution of the @entity519 fraction (HF), is quantified and analyzed. HF strongly correlates with the median T/M ( @entity5 -to-muscle) SUV (standard uptake value) ratio, but not with gross @entity5 volume. @entity519 is 2.2 times more frequently manifest in T3   +   T4 than in T1   +   T2 @entity5 . Calculated quantities are presented for primary and @entity5 separately, where available. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity519 diminishes during chemoradiation, it is a major predictor of outcome. HF, if large enough, can be predicted from the median T/M SUV ratio. CT-delineated gross @entity5 size does not influence the percentage of @entity519 voxels. @entity5 are less likely @entity519 at an earlier stage.

title: PET-based quantification of statistical properties of @entity5 subvolumes in XXXX .

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity944 ( @entity944 ) @entity353 remains a critical aim in @entity302 care. To date, only aggressive medical and surgical efforts to control @entity410 have been demonstrated to be of benefit. Incomplete understanding of @entity944 mechanisms limits the development of more specific interventions. Periictal @entity409 is implicated in @entity944 ; postictal electroencephalography (EEG) suppression, @entity772 , and immobility may also play a role. Nocturnal supervision is protective against @entity944 , presumably by permitting intervention in the case of a life-threatening event. Resuscitative efforts were implemented promptly in near- @entity944 cases but delayed in @entity944 deaths in the Mortality in Epilepsy Monitoring Unit Study (MORTEMUS) study. Nursing interventions-including repositioning, oral suctioning, and @entity26 administration-reduce @entity410 duration, @entity1576 , and EEG suppression in the @entity302 monitoring unit ( @entity6498 ), but have not been studied in outpatients. Cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter-defibrillator devices may be of benefit in a few select individuals. A role for implantable neurostimulators has not yet been established. @entity410 detection devices, including those that monitor generalized tonic-clonic @entity410 -associated movements or cardiorespiratory parameters, may provide a means to permit timely periictal intervention. However, these and other devices, such as antisuffocation pillows, have not been adequately investigated with respect to @entity944 prevention.

title: From unwitnessed fatality to witnessed rescue: Nonpharmacologic interventions in sudden unexpected death in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['risk reduction']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['SUDEP', 'Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory dysfunction']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Previous studies indicate that sympathetic efferent nerves to the carotid sinus can modulate carotid sinus baroreceptor (BR) activity. There are, however, no studies that demonstrate this in the aortic arch. Since application of exogenous @entity1063 to the aortic arch can alter BR activity, we examined whether electrically stimulating the efferent innervation would likewise be effective. We used an in vitro preparation from anesthetized @entity95 . This consisted of the aortic arch and sections of the aortic afferent and sympathetic efferent nerves. The aorta was perfused at a constant pulseless pressure set 10-15 mmHg above BR pressure threshold, and aortic diameter was measured with a photoelectric device. We electrically stimulated the efferent innervation with 1-ms duration constant-voltage pulses, while simultaneously recording aortic pressure, diameter, and BR discharge. In 12 of 18 @entity4375 , discharge decreased with vasoconstriction and subsequently recovered with vasorelaxation. This BR inhibition was blocked when constriction was prevented with the alpha-adrenergic antagonist prazosin (10(-6) M). In the remaining six @entity4375 , discharge increased in five units and remained constant in one unit; however, the excitation occurred only during and a few seconds after the stimulus period. Discharge then fell below control while aortic constriction persisted and subsequently increased back to control with aortic relaxation. In this second group of fibers, treatment with the smooth muscle relaxant @entity1854 (10(-6) M) prevented BR inhibition but not excitation. Lastly, BR responses were eliminated if the efferent nerve was crushed but not cut, indicating that the sensory endings were not activated directly by electrotonic current spread.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sympathetic modulation of XXXX aortic baroreceptors in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: We sought to evaluate preoperative and postoperative productivity losses and quality of life (QOL) impairment reported by @entity1 with @entity697 ( @entity697 ) as compared to @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis without @entity1412 (CRSsNP). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, multi-institutional, nested case-control. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity697 (n = 20) and CRSsNP (n = 20) undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) were enrolled as part of a prospective cohort study. For comparison, @entity1 diagnosed with @entity697 cases were age/gender-matched to control @entity1 diagnosed with CRSsNP using a 1:1 ratio. RESULTS: @entity697 and CRSsNP @entity1 were followed for    14 months postoperatively. Productivity losses were reported as the number of days missed from normal productive activities out of the previous 90 days. @entity697 @entity1 reported similar baseline productivity losses (12.6    27.1 [standard deviation]) as @entity1 with CRSsNP (11.7    20.9; P = .314). Postoperatively, improvement in productivity losses was similar between @entity697 @entity1 and CRSsNP controls (-6.7    20.0 vs. -9.8    19.1; P = .253). Preoperative and postoperative disease-specific QOL measures (Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test-22 and Rhinosinusitis Disability Index) were similar between the two groups. @entity697 @entity1 reported a significant decrease in days of previous antibiotic (P = .009) and nasal decongestant (P = .004) use following ESS, whereas @entity1 with CRSsNP reported a significant decrease in antibiotic (P = .002) and oral @entity228 use (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: @entity697 @entity1 report baseline productivity losses and disease-specific @entity73 to levels that parallel those with CRSsNP. @entity1 with @entity697 report improvement in QOL following ESS in all disease-specific QOL measures and in several medication measures. Productivity losses and postoperative improvements are similar between @entity1 with @entity697 and CRSsNP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3b Laryngoscope, 126:1046-1053, 2016.

title: Productivity outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['RARS', 'recurrent acute rhinosinusitis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['QOL impairment']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['recurrent acute rhinosinusitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bileaflet @entity3454 (BiMVP) is common among survivors of otherwise unexplained @entity1164 , but prognostic implications of BiMVP are unknown. This study evaluated whether @entity1 with BiMVP are at higher risk for @entity943 , @entity1479 placement, or @entity204 compared to controls with either single-leaflet @entity3454 (SiMVP) or no @entity3454 ( @entity3454 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: This retrospective, matched cohort study included 18,786 @entity1 who underwent echocardiography at Mayo Clinic between June 1990 and September 2014. The study included three cohorts: BiMVP, SiMVP, and controls without @entity3454 . We assessed rates of @entity943 , @entity1479 placement, and all-cause mortality between groups. BiMVP was associated with higher rates of @entity1165 compared to SiMVP and controls (adjusted HR 1.48 [1.14-1.92], p = 0.003 and 1.40 [1.04-1.88], p = 0.026 respectively); however, there were no statistically significant differences in rates of @entity1167 or @entity1479 placement between groups. BiMVP was associated with a lower rate of all-cause mortality compared to SiMVP and controls (adjusted HR 0.86 [0.79-0.94], p = 0.0008, and 0.55 [0.50-0.60], p < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although BiMVP is associated with @entity1165 , it is not associated with an increased risk of @entity1167 / @entity2224 or @entity1479 implantation and is, paradoxically, associated with a better survival compared to SiMVP or matched controls. The findings suggest that, despite its association with @entity1165 , BiMVP in the absence of other risk factors does not seem to portend a poor prognosis at the population level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Bileaflet Mitral Valve Prolapse and Risk of XXXX and @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse', 'MVP']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'ventricular fibrillation/cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Dysrhythmias']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bileaflet @entity3454 (BiMVP) is common among survivors of otherwise unexplained @entity1164 , but prognostic implications of BiMVP are unknown. This study evaluated whether @entity1 with BiMVP are at higher risk for @entity943 , @entity1479 placement, or @entity204 compared to controls with either single-leaflet @entity3454 (SiMVP) or no @entity3454 ( @entity3454 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: This retrospective, matched cohort study included 18,786 @entity1 who underwent echocardiography at Mayo Clinic between June 1990 and September 2014. The study included three cohorts: BiMVP, SiMVP, and controls without @entity3454 . We assessed rates of @entity943 , @entity1479 placement, and all-cause mortality between groups. BiMVP was associated with higher rates of @entity1165 compared to SiMVP and controls (adjusted HR 1.48 [1.14-1.92], p = 0.003 and 1.40 [1.04-1.88], p = 0.026 respectively); however, there were no statistically significant differences in rates of @entity1167 or @entity1479 placement between groups. BiMVP was associated with a lower rate of all-cause mortality compared to SiMVP and controls (adjusted HR 0.86 [0.79-0.94], p = 0.0008, and 0.55 [0.50-0.60], p < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although BiMVP is associated with @entity1165 , it is not associated with an increased risk of @entity1167 / @entity2224 or @entity1479 implantation and is, paradoxically, associated with a better survival compared to SiMVP or matched controls. The findings suggest that, despite its association with @entity1165 , BiMVP in the absence of other risk factors does not seem to portend a poor prognosis at the population level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Bileaflet Mitral Valve Prolapse and Risk of @entity943 and XXXX .

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['Death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hemodynamically relevant internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity850 is a major cause of @entity385 . Despite its long-term benefit, carotid endarterectomy may also be associated with severe @entity51 . Intraoperative and early recognition of @entity63 in the region of the ICA may reduce this risk. To date, direct imaging and quantitative analysis of microvascular structures and function in the @entity1 ICA region have not been possible. We purposed to visualize and quantify @entity63 /reperfusion-induced microcirculatory changes in the terminal vascular bed of the ICA in @entity1 undergoing unilateral ICA endarterectomy. METHODS: Sequential analysis of the ipsilateral and contralateral conjunctival microcirculation was performed with orthogonal polarized spectral imaging in 33 @entity1 undergoing unilateral ICA endarterectomy because of moderate or severe @entity543 (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial score, 75% +/- 13%), before clamping the @entity6455 (baseline), during clamping of the external carotid artery and ICA, during reperfusion of the ICA (intraluminal shunt), during the second clamping of the ICA (shunt removal), after declamping (reperfusion) of the external carotid artery and ICA, and 15 to 20 minutes after the second ICA reperfusion. RESULTS: During ICA clamping for shunt placement, ipsilateral and contralateral conjunctival capillary perfusion was significantly decreased, but it was completely restored after reperfusion with carotid shunting. Reclamping of the ICA for shunt removal caused @entity409 , which was significantly less pronounced than that observed during the first clamping. The individual degree of @entity543 was inversely correlated with the ipsilateral and contralateral decrease in conjunctival functional capillary density during the first ICA clamping. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest adaptive mechanisms of capillary perfusion with increasing @entity850 and development of collateral compensatory circulation in the vascular region of the @entity1 ICA. Conjunctival orthogonal polarized spectral imaging during unilateral ICA reconstruction enables continuous noninvasive analysis of bilateral conjunctival microcirculation in the terminal region of the ICA and enables monitoring for efficient carotid shunt perfusion during and after endarterectomy.

title: Noninvasive analysis of conjunctival microcirculation during carotid artery surgery reveals microvascular evidence of collateral compensation and XXXX -dependent adaptation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['ICA stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Eosinophilia is commonly found in @entity1 with clinical reactions to the hemodialysis circuit. With modern membranes, such reactions have become less common, but they may be under diagnosed in @entity1 with subtle symptoms, in whom the presence of @entity1712 is an important diagnostic feature. Two case reports are presented, along with a hemodialysis study of the frequency and clinical associations of @entity1712 . In three hemodialysis facilities, all current hemodialysis @entity1 with persistent @entity1712 (greater than 1 * 10(9) /L for 3 months) were identified. Control @entity1 without @entity1712 (less than 0.5 * 10(9) /L for 3 months) matched for age, gender, and ethnicity were identified from the same facilities. A historical cohort of @entity1 , dialyzing at the same facilities 5 years ago, was screened for the presence of persistent @entity1712 . From 510 @entity1 , 24 cases of persistent @entity1712 were identified (4.7%). The median eosinophil count was 1.75 * 10(9) /L (range 1.1-7.5 * 10(9) /L). The prevalence in a historical cohort 5 years previously was significantly less at 1.5% (P   =   0.046). Compared to controls, @entity1 with @entity1712 were more likely to be on an @entity7774 converting enzyme inhibitor (41.7% vs. 12.5%, P   =   0.049), had a lower @entity1851 (10 vs. 24 mg/L, P   =   0.02) and were more likely to be using a fistula for access (P   =   0.049). Over the following 12 months, there was no difference in the mean number of hospital admission days between cases and controls (7.6 vs. 11.5 days, P   =   0.54), and no difference in mortality over 29 months (25.0% vs. 29.2%, P   =   1.00). Eosinophilia remains not uncommon in hemodialysis @entity1 , and in most cases reflects @entity566 to components of the dialysis circuit, which is usually subclinical. The overall prognosis for asymptomatic @entity1 appears to be favourable.

title: Increased prevalence of XXXX in a hemodialysis population: Longitudinal and case control studies.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: The study of the natural history of @entity5419 is hindered by the lack of a reliable method of diagnosing @entity5419 except through oral challenge. This need raises a conflict between the need to document continued sensitivity and the effects of these repeated challenges not only on the natural history but also on the immediate induction of symptoms especially in the highly sensitive @entity1 . Despite this difficulty, a number of investigators have provided data on a total of 177 @entity1 and @entity1 who were subjected to repeated challenges. In only a few reports were these repeated challenges carried out in rigorous double-blind protocol. When the challenges were repeated, the results did not differ from the group as a whole. These studies agree that the prognosis in @entity5419 is excellent, with 60% to 73% of @entity1 losing their food sensitivity in the first year and 26% to 53% of older @entity1 eventually remitting. The specific food causing symptoms (egg, milk, soy, etc) affected the prognosis but the intensity of IgE-mediated sensitization as indicated by skin testing or RAST did not. The data regarding the loss of immunologic tests as symptoms subsided differed from study to study. This may be due to the age at which @entity1 were first studied varied widely or because the compliance with dietary restrictions in the various studies varied. Finally, a large majority of @entity1 developed respiratory symptoms to inhalant allergens at the same time their food-related symptoms disappeared.

title: Prospective studies in the natural history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the management of laryngeal pre-cancerous lesions such as @entity1141 or @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ), it is important that lesion regression occur without any complications. As a minimally invasive treatment option, photocoagulation therapy using angiolytic lasers has been attracting attention. Therapeutic effects have been reported for this type of treatment, however, vocal function after treatment has not been well discussed. In this retrospective case series, we examined the therapeutic effects of photocoagulation therapy on @entity7552 and the impact on vocal function. Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity7552 or @entity2735 were treated with photocoagulation therapy using angiolytic lasers. Two @entity1 were treated under general anesthesia, the remaining 22 @entity1 were treated with topical anesthesia. Before and after treatment the extent of the lesion and vocal function was evaluated by endoscopic examination and acoustic and aerodynamic analyses, respectively. More than 50  % disease regression was observed in 20 of 24 @entity1 . Acoustic and aerodynamic analyses revealed improvement in pitch perturbation quotient with no impairment in other parameters. Photocoagulation therapy using angiolytic lasers has proven to be feasible and safe for the treatment of @entity7552 .

title: Photocoagulation therapy for XXXX using angiolytic lasers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity7552 :: (MESH:D007827,Disease) :: ['laryngeal dysplasia']


abstract: @entity28868 (CyHV-3), also called @entity28868 (KHV), is the aetiological agent of a fatal disease in @entity7136 and @entity7136 ( @entity7136 L.), referred to as @entity28868 disease. The virus contains at least 40 structural proteins, of which few have been characterised with respect to their immunogenicity. Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) using two epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used to examine the expression kinetics of two potentially immunogenic and diagnostically relevant viral antigens, an envelope glycoprotein and a capsid-associated protein. The rate of expression of these antigens was determined following a time-course of @entity281 in two CyHV-3 susceptible cell lines. The results were quantified using an IFA, performed in microtitre plates, and image analysis was used to analyse confocal micrographs, enabling measurement of differential virus-associated fluorescence and nucleus-associated fluorescence from stacks of captured scans. An 8-tenfold increase in capsid-associated protein expression was observed during the first 5  days post- @entity281 compared to a  <=2-fold increase in glycoprotein expression. A dominant protein of ~100  kDa reacted with the capsid-associated MAb (20F10) in western blot analysis. This band was also recognised by sera obtained from @entity7136 infected with CyHV-3, indicating that this capsid-associated protein is produced in abundance during @entity281 in vitro and is immunogenic to @entity7136 . Mass spectrometry carried out on this protein identified it as a previously uncharacterised product of open reading frame 84. This abundantly expressed and immunogenic capsid-associated antigen may be a useful candidate for KHV serological diagnostics.

title: Expression of immunogenic structural proteins of XXXX in vitro assessed using immunofluorescence.

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['carp', 'Cyprinus carpio', 'koi']

entities_list: @entity28868 :: ('180230', 'Species') :: ['koi herpesvirus', 'Cyprinid herpesvirus 3']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity28868 :: (180230,Species) :: ['cyprinid herpesvirus 3']


abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the imaging features of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and to correlate the radiological findings with the clinical and histopathological findings. A retrospective review of the mammograms of 1845 histopathologically proven @entity0 cases revealed five @entity0 . The clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings were analyzed. On mammography, a high-density mass was seen in all @entity1 . The shape of the mass was round in 4 and irregular in 1 @entity1 . The margins were spiculated in 2, indistinct in 1, microlobulated in 1, and partially obscured in 1 @entity1 . On sonography, 4 @entity1 had homogeneously hypoechoic masses with normal sound transmission. In 1 @entity1 the mass was heterogeneously hypoechoic with mild posterior acoustic enhancement. The margins were microlobulated in 2, irregular in 2, and well-circumscribed in 1 @entity1 . @entity0 should be included in the differential diagnosis of mammographically dense, round masses with predominantly spiculated or lobulated margins. Sonographically, they mostly present as irregular or microlobulated, homogeneously hypoechoic masses with normal sound transmission.

title: XXXX : imaging features correlated with clinical and histopathological findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'Neuroendocrine differentiated breast carcinoma', 'NEDBC', 'neuroendocrine differentiated breast carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Neuroendocrine differentiated breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity231 and contraindications for local anaesthesia a simultaneous bilateral @entity231 extraction under general anaesthesia is worth considering. @entity1 AND METHODS: The retrospective study includes all 19 @entity1 (aged 58 to 94 years, mean age 81.5 years) who underwent simultaneous bilateral @entity231 extraction at our hospital in a period of two years. While the majority of @entity1 had bilateral phacoemulsification, five eyes of three @entity1 underwent planned extracapsular @entity231 extraction. The preoperative ophthalmic and anaesthetic data and the perioperative and postoperative follow-up data are evaluated. Additionally @entity1 satisfaction and financial aspects are investigated (coverage of the second eye surgery by health-insurance). RESULTS: In none of the 19 @entity1 did severe complications occur. The majority of @entity1 showed a fast visual rehabilitation with a striking improvement in their quality of life. The majority of eyes (20/38; 52.6 %) achieved a visual acuity of 20/30 or better. The analysis of financial aspects disclosed disadvantages for the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous bilateral @entity231 extraction can be considered as a safe and effective method for a selective group of @entity1 with @entity231 .

title: [Simultaneous bilateral XXXX extraction--a retrospective study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral cataracts', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: "Hornussen" is a traditional Swiss team game played in rural areas of Switzerland. A puck made out of hard plastic called "Hornuss" or "Nouss" is hit with a lash like racket into the field. The opposing team has to capture the flying puck with shovel like shields. @entity4858 are rare, however, very severe. @entity1 : We report on three @entity1 who were seen and treated at the university eye clinic Berne in the last four years. RESULTS: All injuries were blunt contusions with involvement of the periorbital soft tissues by a hit with the "Hornuss". In two cases orbital fractures were observed and in one case there was a rupture of the globe in a pre-injured aphakic eye. Only in one case was there a direct hit to the eye by the "Hornuss", the other injuries were caused by indirect hit after the "Hornuss" bounced off the shovel like shields. No protection gear was used. One @entity1 showed complete recovery, whereas in the other two cases significant impairment remained. CONCLUSIONS: Without adequate protection gear, injuries caused by "Hornussen" are generally severe. The injury pattern with periorbital involvement resembles @entity4858 caused by baseballs. This is probably due to the similar size of the balls. The mandatory wearing of protection helmets issued by the federal "Hornusser" association for young players should be extended as a general requirement for all players.

title: [ XXXX caused by "Hornussen"--a traditional Swiss team game].

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injuries', 'Eye injuries']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['Eye injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beh  et's disease is a chronic @entity32 , clinically characterised by multisystemic @entity1333 . Primary @entity16 in childhood is quite exceptional. We report a case of a @entity1 with recurrent @entity50 . Beh  et's disease was diagnosed. HISTORY AND SIGNS: A 13-year-old @entity1 from Eritrea was referred to our clinic with severe @entity10 and @entity3917 one month after onset. Ophthalmological examination disclosed a bilateral @entity1829 . Recurrent oral ulcers and @entity14663 were present. Pathergy test was positive. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: Complementary investigations disclosed an inflammatory syndrome. Computertomography was normal. Cranial magnetic resonance venography disclosed multiple @entity50 (superior sagittal sinus, sigmoid sinus and lateral left sinus). There was no evidence of @entity166 , @entity32 . A Beh  et's disease was diagnosed based on the medical history and clinical examination. Whilst his general health deteriorated rapidly before treatment, he improved quickly after the onset of therapy with immunosuppression ( @entity229 and @entity11635 ) in combination with anticoagulation ( @entity1524 /Sintrom). CONCLUSION: Beh  et's disease is uncommon and difficult to diagnose in @entity1 . Neurologic involvement as a first presentation is rarely described, but might be underestimated. We emphasise, therefore, the systematic application of magnetic resonance venography in @entity1 with unclear persistent @entity10 .

title: [ XXXX in Beh  et disease: case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder', 'inflammatory or hypercoagulation disorder']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic involvement']

entities_list: @entity14663 :: ('MESH:D005499', 'Disease') :: ['pseudo-folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis of the dural sinus', 'cerebral sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity11635 :: ('CHEBI:4031', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciclosporine']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['Cerebral sinus thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: It is well known that @entity1 with @entity135 often have synchronous or metachronous @entity957 of the esophagus. However, the prevalence of subsequent @entity135 in @entity1 with early-stage @entity418 is still unknown. The aims of this study were to analyze the frequency of metachronous @entity135 after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for @entity418 and to investigate whether minute @entity1496 -unstained areas, often associated with @entity957 , would be an index for metachronous @entity135 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 99 @entity1 with @entity1721 who underwent EMR were studied. Based on the @entity1496 -staining pattern at initial EMR, they were categorized into those with uniform (group U) and scattered (group S) types of background mucosa. @entity1 were monitored endoscopically and otolaryngologically (group U, median 46 months, range 12-83 months; group S, median 44 months, range 13-80 months). RESULTS: In total, 5/99 @entity1 (5.1 %) were found to have metachronous @entity135 during the follow-up, including 4/20 @entity1 (20 %) in group S. In three cases laryngeal or @entity5 was found by endoscopic examination. The cumulative proportion of metachronous @entity135 -free subjects was significantly lower in group S than group U (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 who undergo EMR for @entity418 , those with scattered-type @entity1496 staining of the background mucosa have an increased risk of metachronous @entity135 , and should therefore be closely observed. Careful endoscopic observation led to early detection of laryngeal and @entity5 .

title: @entity135 arising after endoscopic mucosal resection for XXXX of the esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: It is well known that @entity1 with @entity135 often have synchronous or metachronous @entity957 of the esophagus. However, the prevalence of subsequent @entity135 in @entity1 with early-stage @entity418 is still unknown. The aims of this study were to analyze the frequency of metachronous @entity135 after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for @entity418 and to investigate whether minute @entity1496 -unstained areas, often associated with @entity957 , would be an index for metachronous @entity135 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 99 @entity1 with @entity1721 who underwent EMR were studied. Based on the @entity1496 -staining pattern at initial EMR, they were categorized into those with uniform (group U) and scattered (group S) types of background mucosa. @entity1 were monitored endoscopically and otolaryngologically (group U, median 46 months, range 12-83 months; group S, median 44 months, range 13-80 months). RESULTS: In total, 5/99 @entity1 (5.1 %) were found to have metachronous @entity135 during the follow-up, including 4/20 @entity1 (20 %) in group S. In three cases laryngeal or @entity5 was found by endoscopic examination. The cumulative proportion of metachronous @entity135 -free subjects was significantly lower in group S than group U (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 who undergo EMR for @entity418 , those with scattered-type @entity1496 staining of the background mucosa have an increased risk of metachronous @entity135 , and should therefore be closely observed. Careful endoscopic observation led to early detection of laryngeal and @entity5 .

title: XXXX arising after endoscopic mucosal resection for @entity957 of the esophagus.

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: @entity384 of @entity30 is widely practised, but may not result in long-term symptomatic benefit, leading to the need for repeat dilation or surgery. It is hypothesized that long-acting @entity134 injection into strictures after dilation may decrease the need for further @entity384 and improve the outcome in symptomatic @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity30 who have had @entity384 and @entity2713 injection performed for symptomatic anastomotic strictures were identified from endoscopy records. Case notes were reviewed to determine outcomes. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 underwent a total of 26 dilations, with @entity2713 injected (median dose 20 mg, 10-40 mg) in 20 of the procedures. Seven @entity1 (50%) had sustained remission after a single dilation and @entity134 injection, with a median follow-up period of 16.4 months (range 13.2-22.0 months). Four @entity1 (28.5%) required more than one dilation (median three dilations, range two to four) to control their symptoms, with a median follow-up period of 27.8 months (range 14-32.8 months). Endoscopic management failed in three @entity1 (21.4 %), who were referred for surgery. There were no complications due to dilation or @entity2713 injection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2713 injection into the stricture after dilation is safe, easy to perform, and may be a useful adjunct in the management of anastomotic @entity30 . These data will require further support through a randomized and controlled trial.

title: Long-acting XXXX injection after endoscopic dilation of anastomotic @entity30 may improve the outcome: a retrospective case series.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation', 'Endoscopic balloon dilation', 'stricture dilation']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's strictures", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone', 'Triamcinolone']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: @entity384 of @entity30 is widely practised, but may not result in long-term symptomatic benefit, leading to the need for repeat dilation or surgery. It is hypothesized that long-acting @entity134 injection into strictures after dilation may decrease the need for further @entity384 and improve the outcome in symptomatic @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity30 who have had @entity384 and @entity2713 injection performed for symptomatic anastomotic strictures were identified from endoscopy records. Case notes were reviewed to determine outcomes. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 underwent a total of 26 dilations, with @entity2713 injected (median dose 20 mg, 10-40 mg) in 20 of the procedures. Seven @entity1 (50%) had sustained remission after a single dilation and @entity134 injection, with a median follow-up period of 16.4 months (range 13.2-22.0 months). Four @entity1 (28.5%) required more than one dilation (median three dilations, range two to four) to control their symptoms, with a median follow-up period of 27.8 months (range 14-32.8 months). Endoscopic management failed in three @entity1 (21.4 %), who were referred for surgery. There were no complications due to dilation or @entity2713 injection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2713 injection into the stricture after dilation is safe, easy to perform, and may be a useful adjunct in the management of anastomotic @entity30 . These data will require further support through a randomized and controlled trial.

title: Long-acting @entity134 injection after endoscopic dilation of anastomotic XXXX may improve the outcome: a retrospective case series.

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's strictures']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Case reports suggest that endosonographic visualization of blood vessels in a @entity1127 may be predictive of risk of postpolypectomy @entity548 ; however, this issue has never been studied in @entity1 with @entity2513 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Endosonography (EUS) was performed prior to endoscopic polypectomy of 42 large (>/= 20 mm) nonpedunculated @entity6523 . The median diameter of the @entity1127 was 30 mm (range 20-100 mm); 35 were located in the rectum and seven in the sigmoid colon. During EUS both the @entity1127 and the bowel wall underneath were searched for the presence of vessels, which were defined as longitudinal/tortuous or round/oval echo-free structures >/= 2 mm in diameter. RESULTS: The @entity1127 was visualized adequately in 39 cases; three cases were excluded from analysis due to inadequate visualization. In eight @entity1127 (20.5%, group 1) EUS revealed vessels measuring 2-4 mm; in 31 @entity1127 (79.5 %, group 2) no vessels were found. The postpolypectomy @entity548 incidence (per @entity1127 treated) was 12.5% in group 1 and 12.9 % in group 2 (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this small series of @entity1 with large nonpedunculated @entity652 , the EUS image of the @entity1127 was not predictive of postpolypectomy @entity548 . The detection of vessels on EUS did not increase the risk for @entity548 ; however, the sample size was to small to draw definite conclusions. The absence of vessels on EUS did not rule out the possibility of @entity548 .

title: Endoscopic ultrasonography for prediction of postpolypectomy @entity548 in @entity1 with large nonpedunculated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['rectosigmoid adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyp', 'polyps', 'gastric polyp']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['rectosigmoid adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Case reports suggest that endosonographic visualization of blood vessels in a @entity1127 may be predictive of risk of postpolypectomy @entity548 ; however, this issue has never been studied in @entity1 with @entity2513 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Endosonography (EUS) was performed prior to endoscopic polypectomy of 42 large (>/= 20 mm) nonpedunculated @entity6523 . The median diameter of the @entity1127 was 30 mm (range 20-100 mm); 35 were located in the rectum and seven in the sigmoid colon. During EUS both the @entity1127 and the bowel wall underneath were searched for the presence of vessels, which were defined as longitudinal/tortuous or round/oval echo-free structures >/= 2 mm in diameter. RESULTS: The @entity1127 was visualized adequately in 39 cases; three cases were excluded from analysis due to inadequate visualization. In eight @entity1127 (20.5%, group 1) EUS revealed vessels measuring 2-4 mm; in 31 @entity1127 (79.5 %, group 2) no vessels were found. The postpolypectomy @entity548 incidence (per @entity1127 treated) was 12.5% in group 1 and 12.9 % in group 2 (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this small series of @entity1 with large nonpedunculated @entity652 , the EUS image of the @entity1127 was not predictive of postpolypectomy @entity548 . The detection of vessels on EUS did not increase the risk for @entity548 ; however, the sample size was to small to draw definite conclusions. The absence of vessels on EUS did not rule out the possibility of @entity548 .

title: Endoscopic ultrasonography for prediction of postpolypectomy XXXX in @entity1 with large nonpedunculated @entity652 .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Case reports suggest that endosonographic visualization of blood vessels in a @entity1127 may be predictive of risk of postpolypectomy @entity548 ; however, this issue has never been studied in @entity1 with @entity2513 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Endosonography (EUS) was performed prior to endoscopic polypectomy of 42 large (>/= 20 mm) nonpedunculated @entity6523 . The median diameter of the @entity1127 was 30 mm (range 20-100 mm); 35 were located in the rectum and seven in the sigmoid colon. During EUS both the @entity1127 and the bowel wall underneath were searched for the presence of vessels, which were defined as longitudinal/tortuous or round/oval echo-free structures >/= 2 mm in diameter. RESULTS: The @entity1127 was visualized adequately in 39 cases; three cases were excluded from analysis due to inadequate visualization. In eight @entity1127 (20.5%, group 1) EUS revealed vessels measuring 2-4 mm; in 31 @entity1127 (79.5 %, group 2) no vessels were found. The postpolypectomy @entity548 incidence (per @entity1127 treated) was 12.5% in group 1 and 12.9 % in group 2 (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this small series of @entity1 with large nonpedunculated @entity652 , the EUS image of the @entity1127 was not predictive of postpolypectomy @entity548 . The detection of vessels on EUS did not increase the risk for @entity548 ; however, the sample size was to small to draw definite conclusions. The absence of vessels on EUS did not rule out the possibility of @entity548 .

title: Endoscopic ultrasonography for prediction of postpolypectomy @entity548 in XXXX with large nonpedunculated @entity652 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4671 is a commonly used sedative in intravenous anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of various @entity4671 doses administered by continuous infusion on adrenal function in @entity235 under general anesthesia. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy adult male @entity235 were randomly divided into six groups. Sodium @entity4485 alone was administered to the control group (group C); five experimental groups (E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5) were also given @entity4671 at doses of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30   g        kg(-1)        min(-1), respectively, to maintain anesthesia. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and bispectral index (BIS) were monitored. Serum @entity701 , @entity1369 , @entity1425 , and @entity1063 levels were measured, and HR, MAP, and BIS values recorded, before intubation (T0), and at 1  h, 2  h, and 3  h after intubation (T1-3). RESULTS: @entity701 and @entity1369 levels in groups E1-5 decreased as the doses and times of continuous infusion of @entity4671 increased. The @entity701 level was significantly decreased compared with baseline at T3 in group E1 and at T1-3 in groups E2-5 (P   <   0.05). Compared with the corresponding levels in group C, @entity701 levels were significantly lower than T0 values at T3 in group E1 and at T1-3 in groups E2-5 (P   <   0.05). The @entity1369 level was significantly lower at T3 in group E2 and at T1-3 in groups E3-5 (P   <   0.05). Significant reductions in @entity701 levels at T2-3 in group E2 and at T1-3 in groups E3-5 compared with group C were also observed (P   <   0.05). The plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels, HR, MAP, and BIS in groups E1-5 were within the normal range at the different times and with the different doses (P   >   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity701 and @entity1369 levels decreased with time and continuous infusion of @entity4671 ; there were no significant changes in @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels, HR, MAP, and BIS in any group.

title: Effects of continuous infusion of XXXX at various dose rates on adrenal function in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate', 'Etomidate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity4671 :: (MESH:D005045,Chemical) :: ['etomidate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4671 is a commonly used sedative in intravenous anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of various @entity4671 doses administered by continuous infusion on adrenal function in @entity235 under general anesthesia. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy adult male @entity235 were randomly divided into six groups. Sodium @entity4485 alone was administered to the control group (group C); five experimental groups (E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5) were also given @entity4671 at doses of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30   g        kg(-1)        min(-1), respectively, to maintain anesthesia. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and bispectral index (BIS) were monitored. Serum @entity701 , @entity1369 , @entity1425 , and @entity1063 levels were measured, and HR, MAP, and BIS values recorded, before intubation (T0), and at 1  h, 2  h, and 3  h after intubation (T1-3). RESULTS: @entity701 and @entity1369 levels in groups E1-5 decreased as the doses and times of continuous infusion of @entity4671 increased. The @entity701 level was significantly decreased compared with baseline at T3 in group E1 and at T1-3 in groups E2-5 (P   <   0.05). Compared with the corresponding levels in group C, @entity701 levels were significantly lower than T0 values at T3 in group E1 and at T1-3 in groups E2-5 (P   <   0.05). The @entity1369 level was significantly lower at T3 in group E2 and at T1-3 in groups E3-5 (P   <   0.05). Significant reductions in @entity701 levels at T2-3 in group E2 and at T1-3 in groups E3-5 compared with group C were also observed (P   <   0.05). The plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels, HR, MAP, and BIS in groups E1-5 were within the normal range at the different times and with the different doses (P   >   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity701 and @entity1369 levels decreased with time and continuous infusion of @entity4671 ; there were no significant changes in @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels, HR, MAP, and BIS in any group.

title: Effects of continuous infusion of @entity4671 at various dose rates on adrenal function in XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate the influence of pregnancy on the development and treatment of @entity320 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 8 pregnant @entity1 in the age of 20 to 35 years were observed. Various methods of treatment were applied: enucleation of the eye, photocoagulation and brachytherapy. 6 @entity1 delivered healthy babies, in 1 case an abortion happened and the @entity1 died, in 1 case therapeutic abortion was performed. The time of observation was 4 to 11 years, (average 6.8 year). RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 visited the ophthalmologist for the first time during pregnancy or just after delivery, because they noticed @entity227 . One can suppose, that during pregnancy the @entity5 growth is fast. @entity5 after treatment was observed in 4 cases. In 4 @entity1 the eye was enucleated. 7 @entity1 are still alive. Only in one case metastases to the liver and the lungs occurred and the @entity1 died. Considering the lack of @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors in @entity320 , this can be explained by the decreased immunity of the pregnant @entity1 organisms. Our observations do not reveal any negative influence upon pregnancy as the results of the treatment. Photocoagulation of the @entity5 can be performed safely during the first months of pregnancy. It seems, that brachytherapy is safer towards the end of pregnancy or after delivery.

title: [ XXXX during pregnancy: case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of vision in the eye with tumor']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Regression of the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma of choroid']


abstract: To understand the potential role of cyclooxygenase (COX) in normal and inflammatory @entity1 diseases, we characterized the expression of @entity9859 and @entity2247 in biopsies of @entity571 , @entity731 , and @entity5 . Tissues were prepared for immunohistochemistry by standard methods, and representative cases assayed via Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. @entity2247 was not detected in normal @entity1 tissues with few exceptions. Moderate to marked @entity2247 was observed in the @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) and thick ascending limb (TAL) in @entity1 fetal kidneys, but was not detected in neonatal and adult @entity1020 and TALs. Low level, constitutive @entity2247 was detected in colonic epithelium, peribronchial glands, and pancreatic ductal epithelium. Low to moderate @entity2247 was detected basally in the cortex, hippocampus, @entity2339 , and spinal cord, and in reproductive tissues during ovulation, implantation and labor. No @entity2247 was detected in the existing vasculature in normal tissues, and was also not expressed throughout the ductus arteriosus. @entity2247 was markedly induced in @entity1 tissues of @entity571 , @entity731 and @entity5 . @entity2247 was prominently expressed in the synovium, fibrocartilage of osteophytes, and in the blood vessels in the osteoarthritic (OA) knee joint. @entity2247 was also prominently detected in the macrophages/foam cells in @entity731 , and in the endothelium overlying and immediately adjacent to the @entity75 . Moderate- to intense @entity2247 expression was consistently observed in the inflammatory cells, @entity1313 , and blood vessels in all epithelial-derived @entity1 @entity5 studied. In contrast, @entity9859 was relatively ubiquitously observed in both normal and pathophysiological conditions. These data collectively imply @entity2247 plays an important role in mediating a variety of inflammatory diseases, and imply @entity2247 inhibitors may be effective in the prevention and/or treatment of OA, @entity299 , and @entity5 .

title: Cyclooxygenase-2 in XXXX pathological disease.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrofatty lesion']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macula densa', 'MD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: Ongoing @entity32 and endothelial dysfunction occurs within the local microenvironment of @entity712 , creating an appropriate scenario for successful use and delivery of nanovectors. This study sought to investigate whether cardiovascular cells associate, internalize, and traffic a nanoplatform called mesoporous @entity6619 vector ( @entity2073 ), and determine its intravenous accumulation in cardiac tissue in a @entity19 model of @entity712 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In vitro cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of MSVs was examined by scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, time-lapse microscopy, and flow cytometry in cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. The MSVs were internalized within the first hours, and trafficked to perinuclear regions in all the cell lines. @entity137 was investigated by @entity4404 and cell cycle assays. No significant evidence of @entity137 was found. In vivo intravenous cardiac accumulation of MSVs was examined by high content fluorescence and confocal microscopy, with results showing increased accumulation of particles in failing hearts compared with normal hearts. Similar to observations in vitro, MSVs were able to associate, internalize, and traffic to the perinuclear region of cardiomyocytes in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that MSVs associate, internalize, and traffic in cardiovascular cells without any significant @entity137 . Furthermore, MSVs accumulate in failing myocardium after intravenous administration, reaching intracellular regions of the cardiomyocytes. These findings represent a novel avenue to develop nanotechnology-based therapeutics and diagnostics in @entity712 .

title: A specifically designed nanoconstruct associates, internalizes, traffics in cardiovascular cells, and accumulates in failing myocardium: a new strategy for XXXX diagnostics and therapeutics.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate chosen environmental factors that may contribute to @entity2973 or @entity28 among the population of Podlasie. Socio-economic status, physical activity and the use of condiments and medications were assessed. The investigations, treated as preliminary, used questionnaire technique and involved 150 volunteers (132 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 ), aged 18-69 years ( @entity1 ; mean 37.4 +/- 12.50) and 18-62 ( @entity1 ; mean 30.0 +/- 11.03). In the majority of subjects the first symptoms of @entity28 appeared in childhood and puberty. Overweight was familial in 69.6% of @entity1 and in 77.7% of @entity1 (statistically significant risk factor), which could reflect genetic load or similar lifestyle. Frequency and type of recreational and sports activity were evaluated. Over 77% of the subjects examined declared little and inadequately matched physical activity. The knowledge of health state was unsatisfactory and @entity28 was considered only in cosmetic terms. Prophylactic actions should intend to educate the whole society, propagate healthy lifestyle and to increase physical activity. @entity1 with @entity2973 and @entity28 should tend to normalise body mass and thus to improve metabolic parameters and general feeling.

title: [Chosen environmental factors and their effect on the incidence of @entity2973 and XXXX in the population of Podlasie Region].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate chosen environmental factors that may contribute to @entity2973 or @entity28 among the population of Podlasie. Socio-economic status, physical activity and the use of condiments and medications were assessed. The investigations, treated as preliminary, used questionnaire technique and involved 150 volunteers (132 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 ), aged 18-69 years ( @entity1 ; mean 37.4 +/- 12.50) and 18-62 ( @entity1 ; mean 30.0 +/- 11.03). In the majority of subjects the first symptoms of @entity28 appeared in childhood and puberty. Overweight was familial in 69.6% of @entity1 and in 77.7% of @entity1 (statistically significant risk factor), which could reflect genetic load or similar lifestyle. Frequency and type of recreational and sports activity were evaluated. Over 77% of the subjects examined declared little and inadequately matched physical activity. The knowledge of health state was unsatisfactory and @entity28 was considered only in cosmetic terms. Prophylactic actions should intend to educate the whole society, propagate healthy lifestyle and to increase physical activity. @entity1 with @entity2973 and @entity28 should tend to normalise body mass and thus to improve metabolic parameters and general feeling.

title: [Chosen environmental factors and their effect on the incidence of XXXX and @entity28 in the population of Podlasie Region].

answer: @entity2973 :: (MESH:D050177,Disease) :: ['overweight']


abstract: PURPOSE: For years, @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) has been the backbone of radiochemotherapy (RCT) of locally advanced @entity5 . Its main target, @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ), is speculated to be an important biomarker for response prediction and long-term prognosis. In this study, we analyzed @entity1382 expression in the @entity5 tissue of 208 @entity1 to evaluate its predictive/prognostic potential. METHODS: All @entity1 included were diagnosed with locally advanced @entity188 (UICC II and III) and were treated within randomized clinical trials of the German @entity5 Study Group. Preoperative RCT (50.4  Gy and concomitant either @entity1487 or @entity1487 and @entity901 ) was administered in 167 @entity1 followed by surgical resection with @entity348 ( @entity348 ). Another 41 @entity1 received postoperative RCT. @entity1382 levels and further clinicopathological parameters were assessed in univariate and multivariate analyses. Additionally, a @entity1382 gene polymorphism was analyzed with respect to the intratumoral protein levels. RESULTS: Low @entity1382 expression in pretreatment biopsies correlated with impaired @entity1 survival (p  =  0.015). Analysis of a 28-bp repeat revealed a correlation between the *3/*3 genotype and high @entity1382 expression in pretherapeutic biopsies. In this study, a correlation of @entity1382 expression and grade of RCT-induced @entity5 regression was not found. Histopathological examination confirmed a complete @entity5 remission in 16 @entity1 (9.6%). Analyses of the resection specimen indicated an unfavorable prognosis for @entity1 with low intratumoral @entity1382 expression in case of detected lymph node @entity3 (p  =  0.04). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1382 can serve as a prognostic biomarker indicating an unfavorable prognosis for @entity1 with low @entity1382 expression.

title: Thymidylate synthase as a prognostic biomarker for locally advanced XXXX after multimodal treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1382 :: ('MESH:D020159', 'Disease') :: ['thymidylate synthase', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Rectal Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: We report a case in which a 33-year-old @entity1 was discovered unconscious following a fistfight with another @entity1 . Emergency neurosurgical efforts to repair a depressed temporoparietal skull @entity174 and associated @entity1545 were unsuccessful. The forensic anthropologist and pathologist worked in tandem to sort out a complex combination of cranial evidence, including healed antemortem @entity130 , perimortem blunt force @entity130 , remote and recent neurosurgical intervention, and the craniotomy cut performed at autopsy. The victim had suffered @entity542 and a right temporoparietal craniotomy ten years prior to @entity204 . The perimortem cranial @entity174 were centrally located within a surgically repaired roundel of bone involving portions of the right temporal and parietal bones. Reportedly, the victim was punched on the right side of his head as he was lying on the ground with the left side of his head against an asphalt surface. A primary question in the case was whether a blow with a fist could have produced the observed @entity128 . To adequately answer that question, known data on the minimum amount of force required to @entity174 the temporoparietal region were compared to data on the amount of force generated by a blow with a fist. A biomechanics expert demonstrated that a single blow with a fist to the rigidly supported head of the victim could generate the required force to produce the observed @entity174 . The previous medical condition possibly predisposed the victim to the cranial @entity174 and contributed to the depressed nature of the @entity174 . Although @entity308 do not typically result from a blow with a fist, it was determined in this case that the @entity174 pattern was consistent with a punch to the head.

title: Punched with a fist: the etiology of a fatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed cranial fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['cranial injuries']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed cranial fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcomes and mortality in advanced @entity43 @entity1 in a population-based cohort in the 90days after diagnosis. METHODS: Using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database, we identified a cohort of @entity1 with @entity43 diagnosed between 1995 and 2007. A   (2) test was used to assess demographic and clinical factors. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess factors associated with variation in survival. RESULTS: Of the 9491 @entity1 with stage III/IV @entity43 identified from the SEER/Medicare system, 4131 (43.6%) @entity1 died in the first year after diagnosis. Of these, 2472 (26.0%) @entity1 died in the first 90days after diagnosis. Over the study period, the number of @entity1 who died in the first 90days after diagnosis slightly increased (p=0.053). Older age (>75years of age), increased comorbidity, stage IV disease, lack of a visit with a gynecologic oncologist, and surgery were associated with an increase in 90-day mortality. Chemotherapy was associated with a reduction in 90-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 25% of @entity1 with advanced @entity43 in our study period died within 90days of diagnosis, and more than 40% died within the first year of diagnosis. In addition, a substantial proportion of @entity1 did not receive any treatment. Further research into the characteristics of these @entity1 should be performed to elucidate clinical areas for intervention to either prevent these poor outcomes or allocate appropriate resources to @entity1 with extremely poor prognoses.

title: XXXX outcomes: Predictors of early death.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'stage III/IV epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5 @entity1 experience a high symptom burden throughout their illness. Despite this, @entity1 ' symptoms and needs are often not adequately screened for, assessed and managed OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the attitudes of @entity5 care professionals towards standardized systematic symptom assessment and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), and their self-reported use of the instrument in daily practice in a large health care jurisdiction where this is routine. METHODS: A 21-item electronic survey, eliciting both closed and open-ended anonymous responses, was distributed to all 2806 @entity5 care professionals from four major provider groups: physicians, nurses, radiotherapists and psychosocial oncology staff (PSO) at the 14 @entity5 Centres across Ontario, Canada. RESULTS: A total of 1065 questionnaires were returned (response rate: 38%); 960 were eligible for analysis. The majority of respondents (88%) considered symptom management to be within their scope of practice. Sixty-six percent of physicians considered the use of standardized tools to screen for symptoms as "best practice," compared to 81% and 93% of nurses and PSO staff, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of physicians and 85% of nurses found the ESAS to be a useful starting point to assess @entity1 ' symptoms. Seventy-nine percent of physicians looked at their @entity1 's ESAS scores at visits either "always" or "often," compared to 29%, 66%, and 89%, of radiotherapists, PSO staff and nurses, respectively. Several areas for improvement of ESAS use and symptom screening were identified. CONCLUSION: Findings show significant albeit variable uptake across disciplines in the use of the ESAS since program initiation. Several barriers to using the ESAS in daily practice were identified. These need to be addressed.

title: XXXX Care Professionals' Attitudes Toward Systematic Standardized Symptom Assessment and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) Following Large-Scale Population-Based Implementation in Ontario, Canada.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Regional Cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Because of a high prevalence of @entity796 @entity281 , we conducted an epidemiological study to assess the need for systematic surveillance, as well as the value of applying barrier precautions toP. aeruginosa carriers. From July 1997 to February 1998, we conducted a prospective cohort study in an 18-bed medical intensive care unit (ICU), which is part of the infectious diseases department in a 1200-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital. Rectal and oropharyngeal swabs were obtained on admission and twice weekly. Acquired strains were genotypically characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A risk factor analysis for carriage, colonization and @entity281 was performed. Among 269 eligible @entity1 , 116 (43%) were @entity796 carriers, with 46 (17%) detected on admission and 70 (26%) who acquired carriage during their stay in ICU. Among these 70 @entity1 , 29 became colonized (N=13) or developed @entity281 (N=16). Conversely, in the 121 @entity1 who remained free of carriage, no @entity694 were detected. Genotyping analysis using PFGE was performed for 81/85 (95%) acquired strains in 67 @entity1 . The same genotype I was observed for 58/81 (70%) of these strains issued from 47 @entity1 , and a distinct genotype II affected two other @entity1 (three strains). The last 20 strains were not genetically related. In a multivariate model, mechanical ventilation was associated with the acquisition of P. aeruginosa carriage. Antibiotics ineffective against @entity796 significantly increased the risk of @entity694 in ICU. Although several recent studies concluded that endogenous sources account for the majority of @entity796 colonizations or @entity281 , we conclude that epidemiology may vary according to the ICU, and that cross-colonization (i.e., exogenous source) may occur and warrant reinforced barrier precautions.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX and risk factors for carriage acquisition in an intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonization or infection']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']