abstract: Postoperative recovery from @entity425 was investigated by handgrip strength after general anaesthesia using short- and long-acting muscle relaxants. Handgrip strength was measured on four occasions, preoperatively, before and after premedication, and postoperatively, both as soon as the @entity1 could sustain a five-second headlift and one hour later. Twenty @entity1 received either @entity5159 0.6 mg/kg or @entity6305 0.1 mg/kg as part of a general anaesthetic technique with @entity1339 reversal. Compared with their initial preoperative hand strengths, the two relaxant groups showed only an insignificant decrease in grip strength to 92% after premedication. Postoperatively when a five-second headlift was achieved, the @entity1 in both groups were weak. The group given @entity5159 had a mean of 60% of their initial grip strength and those given @entity6305 had a mean of 44%. This difference in strength was statistically significant from the initial level and from each other. However, there was no difference between the groups in the time interval from administering reversal to achieving a sustained headlift. One hour later in both groups grip strength was much better, within 80% of that seen after premedication in most @entity1 , and no significant difference in grip strength was seen between the groups. This study demonstrates that @entity1 who receive relaxant anaesthesia have substantial @entity425 in the recovery phase. When @entity1339 reversal is used, @entity6305 appears to have a similar return of voluntary muscle power to that seen with @entity5159 . The marked difference in elimination kinetics of these two relaxants seems to be of little importance when @entity1339 reversal is used.

title: Muscle strength following anaesthesia with @entity5159 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity6305 :: (MESH:D010197,Chemical) :: ['pancuronium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity137 resulting from the exposure to sublethal chemical concentrations is an increasing concern in environmental risk assessment. The Fish Embryo @entity137 (FET) test with @entity3392 provides a reliable prediction of acute @entity137 in adult fish, but it cannot yet be applied to predict the occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity137 . Identification of sublethal FET endpoints that can assist in predicting the occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity137 would be advantageous. The present study characterized the occurrence of delayed @entity137 in @entity3392 larvae following early exposure to @entity22038 , previously described to cause delayed effects in the common sole. The first aim was to investigate the occurrence and temporal profiles of delayed @entity137 during @entity3392 larval development and compare them to those previously described for sole to evaluate the suitability of @entity3392 as a model fish species for delayed @entity137 assessment. The second aim was to examine the correlation between the sublethal endpoints assessed during embryonal and early larval development and the delayed effects observed during later larval development. After exposure to @entity22038 (3-3000ng/L) until 5 days post fertilization (dpf), larvae were reared in clean water until 14 or 28 dpf. Mortality and sublethal morphological and behavioural endpoints were recorded daily, and growth was assessed at 28 dpf. Early life exposure to @entity22038 caused delayed mortality (300ng/L and 3000ng/L) as well as growth impairment and delayed development (100ng/L) during the clean water period. Effects on swim @entity1494 and cartilaginous tissues within 5 dpf were the most promising for predicting delayed mortality and sublethal effects, such as @entity393 , delayed metamorphosis, reduced inflation of swim bladder and column malformations. The EC50 value for swim @entity1494 at 5 dpf (169ng/L) was similar to the LC50 value at 8 dpf (188 and 202ng/L in two experiments). Interestingly, the patterns of delayed mortality and delayed effects on growth and development were similar between sole and @entity3392 . This indicates the comparability of critical developmental stages across divergent fish species such as a cold water marine flatfish and a tropical freshwater cyprinid. Additionally, sublethal effects in early embryo-larval stages were found promising for predicting delayed lethal and sublethal effects of @entity22038 . Therefore, the proposed method with @entity3392 is expected to provide valuable information on delayed mortality and delayed sublethal effects of chemicals and environmental samples that may be extrapolated to other species.

title: Early life exposure to @entity22038 results in delayed mortality and growth impairment in the XXXX larvae.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder inflation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased standard length']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity137 resulting from the exposure to sublethal chemical concentrations is an increasing concern in environmental risk assessment. The Fish Embryo @entity137 (FET) test with @entity3392 provides a reliable prediction of acute @entity137 in adult fish, but it cannot yet be applied to predict the occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity137 . Identification of sublethal FET endpoints that can assist in predicting the occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity137 would be advantageous. The present study characterized the occurrence of delayed @entity137 in @entity3392 larvae following early exposure to @entity22038 , previously described to cause delayed effects in the common sole. The first aim was to investigate the occurrence and temporal profiles of delayed @entity137 during @entity3392 larval development and compare them to those previously described for sole to evaluate the suitability of @entity3392 as a model fish species for delayed @entity137 assessment. The second aim was to examine the correlation between the sublethal endpoints assessed during embryonal and early larval development and the delayed effects observed during later larval development. After exposure to @entity22038 (3-3000ng/L) until 5 days post fertilization (dpf), larvae were reared in clean water until 14 or 28 dpf. Mortality and sublethal morphological and behavioural endpoints were recorded daily, and growth was assessed at 28 dpf. Early life exposure to @entity22038 caused delayed mortality (300ng/L and 3000ng/L) as well as growth impairment and delayed development (100ng/L) during the clean water period. Effects on swim @entity1494 and cartilaginous tissues within 5 dpf were the most promising for predicting delayed mortality and sublethal effects, such as @entity393 , delayed metamorphosis, reduced inflation of swim bladder and column malformations. The EC50 value for swim @entity1494 at 5 dpf (169ng/L) was similar to the LC50 value at 8 dpf (188 and 202ng/L in two experiments). Interestingly, the patterns of delayed mortality and delayed effects on growth and development were similar between sole and @entity3392 . This indicates the comparability of critical developmental stages across divergent fish species such as a cold water marine flatfish and a tropical freshwater cyprinid. Additionally, sublethal effects in early embryo-larval stages were found promising for predicting delayed lethal and sublethal effects of @entity22038 . Therefore, the proposed method with @entity3392 is expected to provide valuable information on delayed mortality and delayed sublethal effects of chemicals and environmental samples that may be extrapolated to other species.

title: Early life exposure to XXXX results in delayed mortality and growth impairment in the @entity3392 larvae.

answer: @entity22038 :: (MESH:C023035,Chemical) :: ['PCB126']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inhalation of @entity17244 nanoparticles (CBNPs) causes @entity55 ; however, time course data to evaluate the detailed evolution of lung inflammatory responses are lacking. Here we establish a time-series of lung inflammatory response to CBNPs. Female C57BL/6 @entity19 were intratracheally instilled with 162 g CBNPs alongside vehicle controls. Lung tissues were examined 3h, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 14, and 42days (d) post-exposure. Global gene expression and @entity55 were assessed. DNA damage was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and lung tissue using the comet assay. Increased neutrophil influx was observed at all time-points. DNA strand breaks were increased in BAL cells 3h post-exposure, and in lung tissues 2-5d post-exposure. Approximately 2600 genes were differentially expressed (  1.5 fold; p <=0.05) across all time-points in the lungs of exposed @entity19 . Altered transcript levels were associated with immune-inflammatory response and acute phase response pathways, consistent with the BAL profiles and expression changes found in common @entity1576 . Genes involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and muscle contraction were also differentially expressed. Gene expression changes associated with inflammatory response followed a biphasic pattern, with initial changes at 3h post-exposure declining to base-levels by 3d, increasing again at 14d, and then persisting to 42d post-exposure. Thus, this single CBNP exposure that was equivalent to nine 8-h working days at the current Danish occupational exposure limit induced biphasic inflammatory response in gene expression that lasted until 42d post-exposure, raising concern over the chronic effects of CBNP exposure.

title: XXXX nanoparticles induce biphasic gene expression changes associated with inflammatory responses in the lungs of C57BL/6 @entity19 following a single intratracheal instillation.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity17244 :: ('MESH:D053260', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon black']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation']

answer: @entity17244 :: (MESH:D053260,Chemical) :: ['Carbon black']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inhalation of @entity17244 nanoparticles (CBNPs) causes @entity55 ; however, time course data to evaluate the detailed evolution of lung inflammatory responses are lacking. Here we establish a time-series of lung inflammatory response to CBNPs. Female C57BL/6 @entity19 were intratracheally instilled with 162 g CBNPs alongside vehicle controls. Lung tissues were examined 3h, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 14, and 42days (d) post-exposure. Global gene expression and @entity55 were assessed. DNA damage was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and lung tissue using the comet assay. Increased neutrophil influx was observed at all time-points. DNA strand breaks were increased in BAL cells 3h post-exposure, and in lung tissues 2-5d post-exposure. Approximately 2600 genes were differentially expressed (  1.5 fold; p <=0.05) across all time-points in the lungs of exposed @entity19 . Altered transcript levels were associated with immune-inflammatory response and acute phase response pathways, consistent with the BAL profiles and expression changes found in common @entity1576 . Genes involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and muscle contraction were also differentially expressed. Gene expression changes associated with inflammatory response followed a biphasic pattern, with initial changes at 3h post-exposure declining to base-levels by 3d, increasing again at 14d, and then persisting to 42d post-exposure. Thus, this single CBNP exposure that was equivalent to nine 8-h working days at the current Danish occupational exposure limit induced biphasic inflammatory response in gene expression that lasted until 42d post-exposure, raising concern over the chronic effects of CBNP exposure.

title: @entity17244 nanoparticles induce biphasic gene expression changes associated with inflammatory responses in the lungs of C57BL/6 XXXX following a single intratracheal instillation.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity1 with a @entity1756 (SVA) were operated on between January, 1961, and December, 1987. Twenty-five @entity1 (81%) were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class III or IV. Coexistent @entity299 included a @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) in 16 @entity1 (52%) and @entity337 in 12 @entity1 (39%). The @entity1756 originated from the right coronary sinus in 29 @entity1 (94%) and the noncoronary sinus in 2 @entity1 (6%), and drained into the right ventricle in 30 @entity1 (97%). In 6 @entity1 treated recently, we used patches to repair the @entity1756 and @entity1757 through a double approach, thereby avoiding a ventriculotomy. This method resulted in no recurrent @entity397 or residual @entity1757 postoperatively. There was one operative @entity204 (3%) and 4 late deaths (13%). Of the 26 surviving @entity1 , 22 (85%) were in NYHA Class I at follow-up ranging from 6 months to 26.7 years (mean, 11.1 years). Actuarial survival at 25 years is 85.6 +/- 7.4% (mean +/- standard deviation). Repair of @entity1756 with a patch through a double approach provides an excellent operative procedure and offers a long-term outcome.

title: Surgical repair and long-term results in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured SVA', 'ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm']


abstract: We analyze the experience derived from the use of vasodilating therapy in @entity120 ( @entity120 ) at our institution in the last ten years. Important aspects such as complications, long-term hemodynamic effects and survival are particularly emphasized. We have consecutively studied forty @entity1 (29 females, 11 males) with a mean age of 21 +/- 1.6 years. The follow-up period is 50 +/- 8 months and the drugs used were: @entity2514 (HDL) and @entity594 ( @entity71049 ). On the basis of their hemodynamic response the @entity1 were divided into two groups: twenty responders (R) and twenty non-responders (NR). Both groups seem to have a different clinical and hemodynamic basal profile; most of the @entity1 in the R group had a better functional class (NYHA: I-II) than those NR (III-IV). Also, the R group had a lower basal Pp (49 vs 77 mmHg, p less than 0.05), lower Rp (17 vs 29 U/m2, p less than 0.05) and lower Rp/Rs ratio (0.59 vs 1.05, p less than 0.05). The R group has continued on long-term vasodilator therapy with NFD (n-13) and HDL (n-7) and most of them showed a significant improvement in their quality of life and still maintain a good hemodynamic response. Only minor side effects were associated with the medication. The NR group, on the other hand, has shown progressive clinical deterioration. Eight @entity1 in the NR group and three in the R group have died. The five-year probability of survival in the R group is 86% whereas it is only 45% in the NR group. We conclude that vasodilator therapy significantly improves quality of life, with minimum untoward effects, in selected @entity1 with @entity120 . The R group probably reflects a different @entity1 population or a different stage of the disease and therefore its better long-term prognosis cannot be attributable solely to the use of these drugs.

title: [10 years' experience in the use of vasodilator agents in the treatment of primary XXXX (P-PAH) (1977-1987)].

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Primary Pulmonary Hypertension', 'PPH']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['Nifedipine']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a randomized trial comparing mitral-valve repair with mitral-valve replacement in @entity1 with severe @entity339 , we found no significant difference in the left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), survival, or adverse events at 1 year after surgery. However, @entity1 in the repair group had significantly more recurrences of moderate or severe @entity339 . We now report the 2-year outcomes of this trial. METHODS: We randomly assigned 251 @entity1 to mitral-valve repair or replacement. @entity1 were followed for 2 years, and clinical and echocardiographic outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Among surviving @entity1 , the mean (  SD) 2-year LVESVI was 52.6  27.7 ml per square meter of body-surface area with mitral-valve repair and 60.6  39.0 ml per square meter with mitral-valve replacement (mean changes from baseline, -9.0 ml per square meter and -6.5 ml per square meter, respectively). Two-year mortality was 19.0% in the repair group and 23.2% in the replacement group (hazard ratio in the repair group, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 1.35; P=0.39). The rank-based assessment of LVESVI at 2 years (incorporating @entity204 ) showed no significant between-group difference (z score=-1.32, P=0.19). The rate of recurrence of moderate or severe @entity339 over 2 years was higher in the repair group than in the replacement group (58.8% vs. 3.8%, P<0.001). There were no significant between-group differences in rates of serious adverse events and overall readmissions, but @entity1 in the repair group had more serious adverse events related to @entity712 (P=0.05) and cardiovascular readmissions (P=0.01). On the Minnesota Living with @entity712 questionnaire, there was a trend toward greater improvement in the replacement group (P=0.07). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 undergoing mitral-valve repair or replacement for severe @entity339 , we observed no significant between-group difference in left ventricular reverse remodeling or survival at 2 years. @entity339 recurred more frequently in the repair group, resulting in more @entity712 -related adverse events and cardiovascular admissions. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and Canadian Institutes of Health Research; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00807040.).

title: Two-Year Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure', 'Heart Failure', 'heart-failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation', 'ischemic mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity508 and involuntary synergistic activation on force perception during voluntary activation of spastic paretic muscles. METHODS: Eleven @entity64 subjects with @entity1269 performed various isometric elbow-flexion force-matching tasks. Subjects were instructed to generate a target reference force with visual feedback using one arm ( @entity73 ) and then to produce a force with the other arm to match the magnitude of the reference force without visual feedback. The reference arm was at rest in unilateral exertion trials and maintained contraction in bilateral exertion trials during the matching force-production period. RESULTS: Both force and effort mismatches occurred in most conditions, and there were asymmetries in force perception. When the non-impaired arm was the matching arm, effort and force overestimation occurred, but effort was matched better than force. When the impaired arm was the matching arm, force underestimation and effort overestimation occurred, but force was matched better than effort. No difference in matching performance was found between unilateral and bilateral exertion-matching tasks. CONCLUSION: Overall, both force and effort misperceptions occur in @entity64 survivors with @entity508 . @entity508 and spastic synergistic activation probably contribute to force and effort misperception during voluntary activation in @entity64 .

title: Altered force perception in XXXX survivors with spastic hemiplegia.

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['spastic hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired or non-impaired']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['Spasticity', 'spasticity']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure the thicknesses of the inner layers of the macula in both eyes of @entity1 with unilateral @entity725 ( @entity725 ) and compare them with normal control eyes. METHODS: This prospective, cross-sectional pilot study enrolled @entity1 with unilateral @entity725 , who had @entity227 in only 1 eye, and controls with a normal eye examination. Horizontal and vertical B-scan images centered on the fovea were obtained using spectral domain optical coherence. Semiautomatic delineation and segmentation of the inner layers of the retina were performed to evaluate macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), @entity1358 (GC-IPL) thicknesses. Mean, superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal inner macular layer thicknesses were compared between affected eyes, @entity735 without @entity227 , and control eyes. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 with unilateral @entity725 and 14 normal control eyes were enrolled. In the affected @entity725 eyes, thinning of the mRNFL, GCC, and GC-IPL layers on horizontal and vertical scans were significant when compared with controls (P<0.05), particularly on vertical scans (P<0.001). The mean regional macular GCC and GC-IPL were most severely thinned in the inferior and temporal perifoveal regions. The unaffected eye of @entity1 with unilateral @entity725 showed significant thinning of the mRNFL only in the vertical scan when compared with normal controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography detected significant thinning of the mRNFL, GCC, and GC-IPL in the affected eyes of @entity1 with unilateral @entity725 . @entity735 showed early structural changes only in the vertical mRNFL scans when compared with normal controls.

title: Segmental Analysis of Macular Layers in XXXX With Unilateral Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['fellow eyes', 'Fellow eyes']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion cell complex (GCC) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of socioeconomic factors on the association between parity and long-term maternal mortality. METHODS: This was a population-based cohort study of mothers with births registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway during the period 1967-2009. We estimated age-specific (40-69 years) cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality ratios by number of births using Cox proportional hazard models. To assess effect modification by mothers' attained education, we stratified on low (less than 11 years) and high (11 years or greater) educational level. We further evaluated fathers' mortality by number of births using the same analytical approach. RESULTS: Mothers with low education had higher mortality (cardiovascular: hazard ratio 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.34-2.93, noncardiovascular: hazard ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.62-1.73). Among mothers with low education, @entity65 increased linearly with each additional birth above one (P trend=.02). In contrast, among mothers with high education, @entity65 declined with added births (P trend=.045). For noncardiovascular mortality there was no association among mothers with low education, whereas mortality declined with increasing number of births among mothers with high education (P trend<.01). Father's mortality showed similar associations with number of births when stratified on maternal education. CONCLUSION: @entity1 's long-term mortality rose with number of births only for cardiovascular causes of @entity204 and only among mothers with low education. Partners of @entity1 with low education had similar increasing risk with increasing number of births. Maternal educational level is a strong modifier of the association between parity and long-term mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: Association of XXXX 's Reproductive History With Long-term Mortality and Effect of Socioeconomic Factors.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 @entity16109 (NiV) infection in Bangladesh is a fatal disease that can be transmitted from bats to @entity1 who drink contaminated raw @entity2484 sap collected overnight during the cold season. Our study aimed to understand @entity2484 sap consumption habits of rural residents and factors associated with consumption. In November-December 2012 the field team interviewed adult respondents from randomly selected villages from Rajbari and Kushtia Districts in Bangladesh. We calculated the proportion of @entity1 who consumed raw sap and had heard about a disease from raw sap consumption. We assessed the factors associated with raw sap consumption by calculating prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted for village level clustering effects. Among the 1,777 respondents interviewed, half (50%) reported drinking raw sap during the previous sap collection season and 37% consumed raw sap at least once per month. Few respondents (5%) heard about NiV. Thirty-seven percent of respondents reported hearing about a disease transmitted through raw sap consumption, inclusive of a 10% who related it with milder illness like @entity294 , @entity391 or indigestion rather than NiV. Respondents who harvested @entity2484 trees in their household were more likely to drink sap than those who did not own @entity2484 trees (79% vs. 65% PR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.3, p<0.001). When sap was available, respondents who heard about a disease from raw sap consumption were just as likely to drink it as those who did not hear about a disease (69% vs. 67%, PR 1.0, 95% CI 0.9-1.1, p = 0.512). Respondents' knowledge of NiV was low. They might not have properly understood the risk of NiV, and were likely to drink sap when it was available. Implementing strategies to increase awareness about the risks of NiV and protect sap from bats might reduce the risk of NiV transmission.

title: Raw Sap Consumption Habits and Its Association with Knowledge of XXXX in Two Endemic Districts in Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity16109 :: (121791,Species) :: ['Nipah Virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is currently considered the best screening tool in the diagnosis of @entity1049 . However, this procedure often causes @entity158 and discomfort in @entity1 , thus reducing @entity1 willingness to undergo and comply with this procedure. PURPOSE: This study explores the effects of providing procedure-related information to @entity1 receiving colonoscopy in terms of @entity148 and @entity158 reduction and identifies factors that influence the @entity158 and @entity148 experienced by @entity1 during this procedure. METHODS: This study adopted a quasi-experimental design that targeted colonoscopy @entity1 in outpatient clinics. Two hundred thirteen @entity1 were recruited, with 103 @entity1 in the experimental group and 110 in the control group. @entity1 were recruited between January and April 2011. All of the @entity1 received standard care, and only those @entity1 who were assigned to the experimental group were asked to watch "A Guide to the Colonoscopy Procedure," a multimedia health informatics CD-ROM. RESULTS: @entity148 scores of the experimental group dropped from 48.7    11.6 to 39.2    8.7 after the intervention. The average @entity158 score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.8    2.5 vs. 5.0    2.7). Furthermore, trait @entity148 , gender, and educational level were identified as the main predictors for @entity148 , and @entity148 was identified as an important predictor for @entity158 during the colonoscopy examination. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study found that using a multimedia health informatics CD-ROM to provide information on the colonoscopy procedure effectively reduced the examination-related @entity148 and @entity158 of @entity1 .

title: A Study on the Effects of a Health Education Intervention on XXXX and @entity158 During Colonoscopy Procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'state anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colon diseases']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is currently considered the best screening tool in the diagnosis of @entity1049 . However, this procedure often causes @entity158 and discomfort in @entity1 , thus reducing @entity1 willingness to undergo and comply with this procedure. PURPOSE: This study explores the effects of providing procedure-related information to @entity1 receiving colonoscopy in terms of @entity148 and @entity158 reduction and identifies factors that influence the @entity158 and @entity148 experienced by @entity1 during this procedure. METHODS: This study adopted a quasi-experimental design that targeted colonoscopy @entity1 in outpatient clinics. Two hundred thirteen @entity1 were recruited, with 103 @entity1 in the experimental group and 110 in the control group. @entity1 were recruited between January and April 2011. All of the @entity1 received standard care, and only those @entity1 who were assigned to the experimental group were asked to watch "A Guide to the Colonoscopy Procedure," a multimedia health informatics CD-ROM. RESULTS: @entity148 scores of the experimental group dropped from 48.7    11.6 to 39.2    8.7 after the intervention. The average @entity158 score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.8    2.5 vs. 5.0    2.7). Furthermore, trait @entity148 , gender, and educational level were identified as the main predictors for @entity148 , and @entity148 was identified as an important predictor for @entity158 during the colonoscopy examination. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study found that using a multimedia health informatics CD-ROM to provide information on the colonoscopy procedure effectively reduced the examination-related @entity148 and @entity158 of @entity1 .

title: A Study on the Effects of a Health Education Intervention on @entity148 and XXXX During Colonoscopy Procedures.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: @entity1 Sertoli cells were grown in a serum-free environment, and the Sertoli cell conditioned medium (hSCCM) was tested for mitogenic activity. The presence of a potent growth factor(s), termed @entity851 ( @entity851 ), in hSCCM was confirmed and supports previous observations based on experiments using @entity35 SCCM. Mitogenicity of hSCSGF was demonstrated in cell proliferation assays with the A431 ( @entity1 @entity957 ) cell line and in [methyl-3H]-thymidine incorporation (DNA synthesis) assays with the @entity19 ( @entity19 embryo fibroblast) cell line. In a dose-dependent manner, hSCSGF stimulated A431 cell growth up to 4-fold over control values (P less than 0.0001) and stimulated @entity1014 incorporation up to 4.5-fold over control values (P less than 0.0002). Importantly, @entity851 stimulated A431 proliferation 2-fold over control values (P less than 0.0002) in the presence of 5% serum. With the exception of @entity35 @entity851 , @entity1 @entity851 is the only growth factor known to stimulate A431 cells. @entity851 also demonstrated epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like activity based upon displacement of EGF from its receptor in a radioreceptor assay. However, @entity851 is not EGF since it is a potent stimulator of A431 cells, whereas EGF is inhibitory. The growth factor was stable to heat, freeze-thaw, acid (pH 3), and trypsin treatment. Furthermore, it did not bind heparin agarose and is thus distinct from the endothelial cell growth factor family. High-pressure liquid chromatography on size exclusion (TSK G2000 SW) columns revealed an approximate size of 8000 daltons. @entity1 @entity851 is a unique growth factor and may play a key role in the regulation of normal spermatogenesis.

title: Partial characterization of a unique growth factor secreted by XXXX Sertoli cells.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['SCSGF', 'Sertoli cell secreted growth factor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity599 mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent that, upon topical application, damages skin and reaches internal organs through diffusion in blood. Two major toxic consequences of SM exposure are @entity32 , associated with oxidative stress, and the formation of alkylated DNA bases. In the present study, we investigated the impact of exposure to SM on DNA repair, using two different functional DNA repair assays which provide information on several Base Excision Repair (BER) and Excision/Synthesis Repair (ESR) activities. BER activities were reduced in all organs as early as 4h after exposure, with the exception of the defense systems against @entity25469 and @entity3625 which were stimulated. Interestingly, the resulting BER intermediates could activate @entity32 signals, aggravating the @entity32 triggered by SM exposure and leading to increased oxidative stress. ESR activities were found to be mostly inhibited in skin, brain and kidneys. In contrast, in the lung there was a general increase in ESR activities. In summary, exposure to SM leads to a significant decrease in DNA repair in most organs, concomitant with the formation of DNA damage. These synergistic genotoxic effects are likely to participate in the high @entity137 of this alkylating agent. Lungs, possibly better equipped with repair enzymes to handle exogenous exposure, are the exception.

title: Impact of topical application of XXXX mustard on mice skin and distant organs DNA repair enzyme signature.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Workers are exposed to potential irritants and allergens with constant introduction of new industrial chemicals in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: Characterize the final diagnoses, demographics, occupations, exposures, clinical presentations, patch test results, dermatologic histories, and risk factors of workers evaluated for suspected work-related @entity3408 ( @entity3408 ). METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 310 workers' compensation independent medical examinations evaluated for suspected work-related @entity3408 was performed. Workers were seen in a community dermatology clinic in Portland, Oregon, from 2005 to 2014. Evaluation included history, physical examination, patch testing, and further diagnostic workup when indicated. RESULTS: @entity1909 was the most common presentation (n = 148, 47.7%). Prevalent occupations included health care workers (n = 51, 16.5%), custodial staff (n = 41, 13.2%), and machinists (n = 36, 11.6%). @entity3408 (47.5%) was more common than @entity9759 ( @entity9759 ) (38.9%) in those diagnosed as having occupational @entity272 (n = 185). The highest-frequency work-related allergens were thiuram mix (21 of 88, 23.9%), carba mix (20 of 88, 22.7%), @entity24234 (9 of 88, 10.2%), and @entity990 resin (9 of 88, 10.2%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3408 and @entity9759 are common occupational @entity272 . In this population of workers' compensation referrals, @entity3408 was more common, with 73.3% of those cases work related, compared with 86.7% of @entity9759 . Blue collar work and wet work were risk factors for the development of @entity3408 and @entity9759 .

title: Occupational Contact XXXX : Workers' Compensation Patch Test Results of Portland, Oregon, 2005-2014.

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'allergic contact dermatitis', 'Allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity24234 :: ('MESH:D011192', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium dichromate']

entities_list: @entity9759 :: ('MESH:D017453', 'Disease') :: ['irritant contact dermatitis', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease', 'skin disorders']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['Hand dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['Dermatitis']


abstract: Twenty-three @entity1 with @entity1691 with severe @entity85 of @entity572 , knees, and ankles were treated by a variety of surgical procedures followed by a comprehensive rehabilitation program. The surgery included 35 total hip replacements, six knee arthroplasties, and seven femoral osteotomies. @entity924 (eight procedures) was done on 6 @entity1 . Shortening of the femur was performed in @entity1 with long-standing flexion contractures when straightening of the limb during the operation caused traction on the vessels and the nerves. When there was both hip and knee involvement, hip arthroplasty was performed first. Preoperative planning aimed at obtaining plantigrade position of the feet and lower limb-length equality. Availability of custom-made and miniaturized components was essential. Positioning of @entity1 on the operating table necessitated special supports. Six @entity1 were completely bedridden before surgery and 17 were severely disabled or deformed. All the @entity1 but 2 improved markedly, became mobile, independent, and self-supporting. Revision arthroplasty was performed in 4 @entity1 ; 3 others deteriorated functionally, but refused further treatment. Heterotopic bone formation was observed after operation in 6 @entity1 . Surgery for severe @entity1691 requires highly specialized and well-equipped centers.

title: Joint surgery in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Elongation of the Achilles tendon']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'ankylosing spondyloarthritis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: @entity32472 was first reported in 1960 by Holterm  ller _ Wiedemann as @entity21693 . The case in the present report was that of a male @entity1 26 days old at the time of @entity204 . Besides a trilobed skull and abnormalities of the extremities, he had @entity6787 , @entity850 of both external auditory canals, a beak-like nose, @entity4353 , retentio @entity1062 and @entity7674 at the coccygeal region. A chromosome study revealed a normal male karyotype. The right temporal bone showed some anomalies through the external and middle ears. The bony portion of the external auditory canal was narrowed. The @entity2172 was filled by mesenchymal tissue devoid of cell components. The incus was almost attached to the lateral tympanic wall. In addition, the stapes was thickened and bent anteriorly. The sensory and neutral elements of the inner ear were normal.

title: Temporal bone findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21693 :: ('MESH:D054877', 'Disease') :: ['Kleeblattsch  del-Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['congenital dermal sinus-like anomaly']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear cavity']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity6787 :: ('MESH:C537239', 'Disease') :: ['low-set ears']

entities_list: @entity32472 :: ('MESH:C536884', 'Disease') :: ['Cloverleaf skull syndrome']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity32472 :: (MESH:C536884,Disease) :: ['cloverleaf skull syndrome']


abstract: To assess the left ventricular function of @entity1 who suffer from post- @entity1188 @entity951 and @entity1002 in the coronary care unit, 79 consecutive survivors (mean age 48 years) of a first @entity583 were prospectively studied and followed-up for a mean 18- (10-34) month period. Forty-seven had an uncomplicated @entity1188 , 17 suffered from post- @entity1188 @entity951 and 15 had @entity1002 . The left ventricular function of these @entity1 prior to discharge from hospital was assessed by cross-sectional echocardiography and radionuclide angiography. Analysis of left ventricular wall motion was performed in all @entity1 using a 11-segment model of the left ventricular. The ejection fraction was determined by echocardiography in 47 @entity1 and by radionuclide angiography in 50. The mean echocardiographic wall motion score of post- @entity1188 @entity951 @entity1 (4.8 +/- 0.8) (+/- SEM) was lower than that of @entity1 with @entity1002 (9.5 +/- 0.5) (P less than 0.001), but was not different from @entity1 suffering uncomplicated @entity1188 (4.6 +/- 0.3). The mean echocardiographic ejection fraction was also similar in post- @entity1188 @entity951 (45.3 +/- 4.0; n = 16) and @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity1188 (51.9 +/- 2.7; n = 17), but was lowest in the group of @entity1 with @entity1002 (35.1 +/- 3.3; n = 14). Similarly, the radionuclide ejection fraction of @entity1 with post- @entity1188 @entity951 (41.4 +/- 3.4; n = 17) and @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity1188 (45.6 +/- 2.7; n = 19) did not differ, but was lower in @entity1 with @entity1002 (25.9 +/- 2.8; n = 14). The echocardiographic ejection fraction correlated with that obtained by radionuclide angiography in all 46 @entity1 (r = 0.71, P less than 0.001). The wall motion score correlated with the radionuclide ejection fraction in all 50 @entity1 (r = -0.73, P less than 0.001) and with the echocardiographic ejection fraction in 47 @entity1 (r = -0.55, P less than 0.001). During follow-up, 3 (18%) @entity1 suffering post- @entity1188 @entity951 and 2 (13%) with @entity1002 died. New @entity1188 was seen in 2 (12%) and 1 (7%) @entity1 in these groups, respectively. We conclude that the left ventricular function of @entity1 who suffer from post- @entity1188 @entity951 in the coronary care unit is good, but is impaired in those with even transient @entity1002 . Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function prior to hospital discharge was highly successful and may be performed in all such @entity1 .

title: Left ventricular function of survivors of a first complicated XXXX . A prehospital discharge cross-sectional echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Short waiting periods for all @entity1 referred to a @entity158 clinic is desirable but ordinarily not possible. In a questionnaire, 25% of the Swedish @entity158 clinics reported a waiting list exceeding 6 months. The long waiting-time shows that some kind of priority setting is necessary. The aim of the present investigation was to study the feasibility of a rational priority setting based on a ranking procedure. Secretary and nurse priority ranked @entity1 according to a system utilizing the physician's referral and a questionnaire completed by the @entity1 . These priority ratings were compared to the final ranking by the doctor which was done after an interview without access to the questionnaire. The results of the present investigation show that the secretary as well as two nurses generally 'overestimated' the @entity1 ' @entity158 problems compared with the priority made by the doctor. However, 12 out of 142 @entity1 ' problems were 'underestimated' but this was deemed to increase risk in only one case. The possible risks with a delegated ranking procedure have, however, to be judged against the disadvantages of no priority setting at all and the advantages of a rational use of staff members. This experiment has indicated the feasibility of a delegated ranking procedure.

title: Priority setting with regard to placement on waiting list to a XXXX clinic. The feasibility of a delegated ranking procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'anaesthetic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: To determine if cytoplasmic effects have contributed to long-term selection response for increased growth rate in @entity19 , reciprocal cross matings were made between an unselected control line (ICR) and a line (M16) derived from ICR by long-term selection for high postweaning @entity1017 from 3 to 6 wk of age. Embryos were recovered 2 to 4 d following mating and transferred to pseudopregnant F1 ( @entity7840 /2NCrlBR X C57BL/6NCrlBR) females. Thus, all embryos developed in similar uterine and postnatal maternal environments. A total of 122 @entity71050 ICR and 123 ICR X M16 @entity19 was produced, representing 19 litters from each cross. Litters were standardized at birth to five to seven pups. Litter weights at birth and 1 wk were recorded. Body weights at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 wk and @entity1017 from 3 to 6 wk were obtained. Weights of liver, kidneys, and sc and epididymal fat pads of males were obtained at 6 wk. Females were mated at 8 wk, and litter size at birth was recorded. Least-squares procedures were used to test for differences between reciprocal crosses for all traits. Body weight at 4 wk was higher (P less than .05) for @entity19 with ICR cytoplasm. No other significant differences were detected. There was no evidence that cytoplasmic effects influenced direct or correlated responses to long-term selection for increased postweaning @entity1017 .

title: Cytoplasmic effects on selection response for increased growth rate in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity71050 :: ('p|SUB|M|16|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M16 X']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The dynamics of LH secretion and clearance were studied in vivo in eight healthy young @entity1 using a novel multiple parameter deconvolution procedure to resolve underlying secretion and clearance rates simultaneously from serial serum immunoactive LH concentrations. This deconvolution analysis disclosed random LH secretory bursts occurring at a mean (+/- SEM) interpulse interval of 72 +/- 5 min. The frequency of these secretory bursts was 6.9 +/- 0.6 episodes/8 h. Each resolved LH secretory event had an average half-duration of only 7.8 +/- 0.5 min, which was remarkably shorter than the LH concentration peak duration of 60 +/- 6 min. The maximal LH secretory rate achieved within a secretory burst averaged 0.40 +/- 0.05 mIU/min.mL (0.14 IU/min.L), which corresponded to a mass of LH released of 3.2 +/- 0.3 mIU/mL distribution vol (IU/L). By linear regression analysis, both the maximal rate and mass of LH released per secretory burst were positively correlated with the duration of the subsequent interpulse interval (P less than 0.001). In physiological experiments, the mass of LH released per secretory burst was increased by iv @entity1176 injections or @entity177 , and decreased by sc administration of a selective @entity1176 antagonist ( @entity41431 ). The mean endogenous LH production rate calculated by deconvolution [180 +/- 40 mIU/min (0.18 IU/min)] was not different from a nominal value of 228 +/- 80 mIU/min (0.228 IU/min) extrapolated from earlier steady state LH infusions. Deconvolution estimated single phase half-times of endogenous LH disappearance of 87 +/- 8 min, were in general harmony with values of 44-106 min obtained previously in four @entity35120 @entity1 injected with purified LH. Moreover, creation of synthetic LH series using our deconvolution estimates yielded 24-h LH pulse profiles similar quantitatively and qualitatively to those in normal @entity1 . In summary, we applied a new multiple parameter deconvolution procedure to immunoactive LH pulse profiles to discern the nature of physiological LH secretory events and estimate endogenous LH disappearance rates. These studies in normal @entity1 have revealed that 1) LH secretory bursts occur every 72 min; their mean half-duration is 7.8 min; and 3.2 mIU/mL (3.2 IU/L) are released per secretory peak; 2) amplitudes of in vivo LH secretory bursts are augmented in @entity177 and/or by exogenous @entity1176 injections and attenuated by a @entity1176 antagonist; 3) the duration of a postsecretory pause is proportional to the amplitude of the preceding LH secretory burst; and (4) 95% of total daily LH release occurs in only 5 h/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: In vivo dynamics of luteinizing hormone secretion and clearance in XXXX : assessment by deconvolution mechanics.

entities_list: @entity35120 :: ('MESH:C562567', 'Disease') :: ['LH-deficient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['primary gonadal failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: High voltage electron microscopy and conventional transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the ultrastructure of foliate taste buds of @entity19 . Computer-assisted, three-dimensional reconstructions from serial sections were used to visualize regions of interaction between taste cells and nerve fibers. Based on criteria previously established for @entity19 vallate taste buds (Kinnamon et al., '85), foliate taste cells were classified as dark, light, or intermediate depending on their cytoplasmic content and the characteristics of their nuclei. Cells of foliate taste buds display a continuous range of morphologies, from "typical" dark cells to "typical" light cells. Cells of dark, intermediate, and light morphologies all make afferent synapses onto nerve processes, suggesting that cells of all 3 types are sensory in function. Synapses between taste cells and nerve processes may be either macular or fingerlike in shape. No efferent synapses were found. In addition to conventional synapses, taste cells exhibit 2 other types of specializations at sites of apposition with nerve fibers: subsurface cisternae and atypical mitochondria. Subsurface cisternae are narrow sacs of endoplasmic reticulum that are closely apposed to the inner leaflet of the taste cell membrane. Possible functions of subsurface cisternae include synthesis of synaptic membrane components, modification of the electrical or adhesive properties of the taste cell membrane, and exchange of trophic factors with nerve processes. @entity2383 are usually much larger than typical taste cell mitochondria, and their cristae often display a swollen, twisted configuration. These mitochondria are closely apposed to the inside of the taste cell membrane adjacent to nerve fibers. @entity2383 may be providing unusual amounts of energy for metabolic reactions in their vicinities or participating in @entity460 buffering in the taste cell. Within taste cells, presynaptic specializations, subsurface cisternae, and mitochondria are often clustered together to form "synaptic ensembles." We hypothesize that the functions served by the subsurface cisternae and mitochondria, as well as synaptic transmission, may be important in interactions between taste cells and nerve fibers.

title: Ultrastructure of XXXX foliate taste buds: synaptic and nonsynaptic interactions between taste cells and nerve fibers.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical mitochondria']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The study was undertaken to determine the pharmacokinetic values for half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance for @entity2900 (SCh) based on measurements of the drug in plasma. Three intravenous (i.v.) doses (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg) were compared to study the time course of @entity912 and recovery and to describe the relationship of plasma concentration (Cp) and the pharmacologic effects of SCh in @entity235 . The physiologic response to the neuromuscular blocking drug was monitored using train-of-four stimulation of the left sciatic nerve and recording the response of the corresponding gastrocnemius muscle. Time courses for @entity912 and recovery were monitored, and the results were used to predict the kinetic values for the pharmacologic effects. Blood samples were taken following drug administration for direct pharmacokinetic estimations. SCh determinations were performed using ion-pair extraction, chemical demethylation, and gas chromatography with @entity1568 phosphorous detection. Both kinetic analyses showed the beta half-life for SCh to be approximately 5 min for all doses. SCh has a distribution half-life of less than 1 min. There appears to be a threshold Cp below which neuromuscular function returns. Recovery following SCh induced @entity912 had a rapid onset, but the duration of @entity912 and the rate of recovery were especially prolonged for the 5.0-mg/kg treatment group.

title: Correlation of plasma concentration and effects of XXXX in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity2900 :: (MESH:D013390,Chemical) :: ['succinylcholine']


abstract: The study was undertaken to determine the pharmacokinetic values for half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance for @entity2900 (SCh) based on measurements of the drug in plasma. Three intravenous (i.v.) doses (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg) were compared to study the time course of @entity912 and recovery and to describe the relationship of plasma concentration (Cp) and the pharmacologic effects of SCh in @entity235 . The physiologic response to the neuromuscular blocking drug was monitored using train-of-four stimulation of the left sciatic nerve and recording the response of the corresponding gastrocnemius muscle. Time courses for @entity912 and recovery were monitored, and the results were used to predict the kinetic values for the pharmacologic effects. Blood samples were taken following drug administration for direct pharmacokinetic estimations. SCh determinations were performed using ion-pair extraction, chemical demethylation, and gas chromatography with @entity1568 phosphorous detection. Both kinetic analyses showed the beta half-life for SCh to be approximately 5 min for all doses. SCh has a distribution half-life of less than 1 min. There appears to be a threshold Cp below which neuromuscular function returns. Recovery following SCh induced @entity912 had a rapid onset, but the duration of @entity912 and the rate of recovery were especially prolonged for the 5.0-mg/kg treatment group.

title: Correlation of plasma concentration and effects of @entity2900 in XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure has been evaluated to establish a routine test in the clinical laboratory for measuring the profiles of @entity172 and @entity1871 receptor isoforms in @entity1 @entity0 . This procedure will be used to determine if there is a relationship between particular isoform profiles and response to various endocrine therapies. Evaluation of various HPLC modes has shown that high-performance ion-exchange chromatography (HPIEC) with @entity3440 -based anion exchangers offers a promising approach. In this paper, we have compared HPIEC columns of different lengths (10 and 25 cm) and pore sizes (300, 500 and 1,000 A) in order to obtain an optimal separation procedure. Because of receptor lability, all investigations were performed at 4 degrees C. The mobile phase consisted of 10-500 mM @entity1391 buffer, supplemented with the stabilizing agent, @entity17281 at pH 7.4. Recoveries from each of the columns were between 70-100%. The length of the column did not influence significantly the retention time and salt concentration required for elution of receptor proteins. However, pore sizes appeared to alter these parameters. With a larger pore size (1,000 A), the retention of proteins was lower (elution with 50 mM @entity1391 ) than that observed with the 500-A pore size column (elution with 100 mM @entity1391 ) or of the 300-A pore size column (elution with 150 mM @entity1391 ). Based solely on recovery patterns and peak shape, we conclude that separation of receptor isoforms on a 1,000-A, 25-cm column is best suited for clinical analysis.

title: Influence of column length and pore size on high-performance ion-exchange chromatography of @entity172 and XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and endometrial tumors']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity17281 :: ('MESH:C024687', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium molybdate']

answer: @entity1871 :: (CHEBI:59826,Chemical) :: ['progestin']


abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure has been evaluated to establish a routine test in the clinical laboratory for measuring the profiles of @entity172 and @entity1871 receptor isoforms in @entity1 @entity0 . This procedure will be used to determine if there is a relationship between particular isoform profiles and response to various endocrine therapies. Evaluation of various HPLC modes has shown that high-performance ion-exchange chromatography (HPIEC) with @entity3440 -based anion exchangers offers a promising approach. In this paper, we have compared HPIEC columns of different lengths (10 and 25 cm) and pore sizes (300, 500 and 1,000 A) in order to obtain an optimal separation procedure. Because of receptor lability, all investigations were performed at 4 degrees C. The mobile phase consisted of 10-500 mM @entity1391 buffer, supplemented with the stabilizing agent, @entity17281 at pH 7.4. Recoveries from each of the columns were between 70-100%. The length of the column did not influence significantly the retention time and salt concentration required for elution of receptor proteins. However, pore sizes appeared to alter these parameters. With a larger pore size (1,000 A), the retention of proteins was lower (elution with 50 mM @entity1391 ) than that observed with the 500-A pore size column (elution with 100 mM @entity1391 ) or of the 300-A pore size column (elution with 150 mM @entity1391 ). Based solely on recovery patterns and peak shape, we conclude that separation of receptor isoforms on a 1,000-A, 25-cm column is best suited for clinical analysis.

title: Influence of column length and pore size on high-performance ion-exchange chromatography of XXXX and @entity1871 receptors.

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: A cross-sectional study of 216 impotent @entity1 aged 40 to 79 years (mean age 60.9 years) was conducted to determine if there are age-related changes in clinical and hormonal parameters in an impotent population. There was a slight increase in the degree of @entity250 with age, with @entity323 occurring in a larger percent of the 60- and 70-year-olds than in the younger @entity1 (41% vs 27% for the 40 year olds, P less than .05). No @entity1 above the age of 70 years reported any full erections, even of short duration. In contrast, reported levels of libido did not vary significantly with age. Abnormal penile Doppler studies diagnostic of @entity11539 were found in 17.8% of the @entity1 tested, and an additional 17.8% were found to have evidence suggestive of a vascular etiology. These abnormal vascular findings were associated with an extremely high prevalence of clinically apparent @entity731 in this population. In 22.9% of the subjects, an abnormal vascular response was found only on exercise, ie, a "pelvic steal", which only occurred above the age of 50 years. There was a marked age-related alteration in the concentration of @entity251 (T) and bioavailable @entity251 (BT), but no statistically significant change in the levels of gonadotropins with age. An increase in the prevalence of @entity6126 with age was found, which suggested an increasing prevalence of hypothalamic @entity4611 in this @entity1 group. For both vascular and hormonal changes (such as low T and BT), the greatest changes appear to occur after the age of 50.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX and aging: clinical and hormonal factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['complete erectile failure']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity11539 :: ('MESH:D018783', 'Disease') :: ['vasculogenic impotence']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['eugonadotropic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['Impotence']


abstract: 1. The tissue concentration of @entity1734 (PCr) and the pseudo-first-order rate constant of @entity908 kinase (kf) were monitored in superfused @entity840 brain slices in vitro by using 31P-n.m.r. techniques. 2. Superfusion of slices in low @entity26 partial pressure ( @entity4095 approx. 16 kPa) decreased tissue PCr concentrations by 48% but @entity855 concentrations were unchanged. Regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the PCr concentration in @entity519 tissue and the increase in the rate constant, kf. Nevertheless the forward flux through the enzyme (Jf = kf.[PCr]) declined under these conditions. 3. Lowering the @entity413 concentration to 0.2 or 0.1 mM decreased PCr concentrations by 29% and 48% respectively; here @entity855 concentrations as well as PCr concentrations also decreased. Only in the presence of the lower @entity413 concentration (0.1 mM) was kf increased. However, unlike the situation in @entity519 tissue, Jf was maintained at control rates. 4. In spectra obtained in the presence of low @entity26 or low @entity413 concentrations, a resonance attributable to tissue inorganic @entity1391 became dectectable. This observation is discussed in terms of known changes in tissue @entity1391 concentrations and possible alterations in cytoplasmic pH.

title: Kinetic analysis of the cerebral @entity908 kinase reaction under XXXX and hypoglycaemic conditions in vitro. A 31P-n.m.r. study.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: 1. The tissue concentration of @entity1734 (PCr) and the pseudo-first-order rate constant of @entity908 kinase (kf) were monitored in superfused @entity840 brain slices in vitro by using 31P-n.m.r. techniques. 2. Superfusion of slices in low @entity26 partial pressure ( @entity4095 approx. 16 kPa) decreased tissue PCr concentrations by 48% but @entity855 concentrations were unchanged. Regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the PCr concentration in @entity519 tissue and the increase in the rate constant, kf. Nevertheless the forward flux through the enzyme (Jf = kf.[PCr]) declined under these conditions. 3. Lowering the @entity413 concentration to 0.2 or 0.1 mM decreased PCr concentrations by 29% and 48% respectively; here @entity855 concentrations as well as PCr concentrations also decreased. Only in the presence of the lower @entity413 concentration (0.1 mM) was kf increased. However, unlike the situation in @entity519 tissue, Jf was maintained at control rates. 4. In spectra obtained in the presence of low @entity26 or low @entity413 concentrations, a resonance attributable to tissue inorganic @entity1391 became dectectable. This observation is discussed in terms of known changes in tissue @entity1391 concentrations and possible alterations in cytoplasmic pH.

title: Kinetic analysis of the cerebral XXXX kinase reaction under @entity519 and hypoglycaemic conditions in vitro. A 31P-n.m.r. study.

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: Stimulation of periaqueductal gray sites resulted in both increased latencies to escape heated water with a tail-flick and audible vocalizations. To determine whether these two responses were the result of stimulation of the same substrates, refractory periods were estimated by delivering paired-pulse trains of stimulation. Stimulation consisted of 10 or 20 s trains of single pulses or pulse pairs. The pulse pair frequency threshold for both behaviors was determined for intra-pulse ( @entity2195 ) intervals of 0.4-10 ms. The ratio of single to double pulse frequency thresholds provided an indication of relative effectiveness of the paired-pulse stimulation. For @entity1337 , the paired-pulse effectiveness gradually increased between @entity2195 intervals of 2.0 and 5.0 ms, after which asymptotic effectiveness values were obtained. Thus, the estimated refractory period for @entity1337 was 2.0-5.0 ms. The refractory period estimate for vocalizations was shorter. Effectiveness values increased with a @entity2195 interval of 1.2 ms and reached asymptote with a @entity2195 interval of 2.0 ms. These results suggest that different fibers with overlapping spatial distributions contribute to @entity1337 and vocalizations produced by midbrain stimulation.

title: Differentiation of the substrates for XXXX and vocalizations elicited by midbrain stimulation in rats: refractory period estimates.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: On the basis that unbound concentration better correlates with response than total plasma or blood concentration, the inter- and intra-subject variability in the distribution of @entity205 within blood and to plasma components was studied in renal transplant @entity1 . Pharmacokinetic aspects were also studied. Blood samples were analysed from @entity1 who received the drug both by a 72-h i.v. infusion and orally (7 mg.kg-1 twice daily). Steady-state was reached within 18 h of starting the i.v. infusion; the plasma data were best fitted by a biexponential equation with half-times of 0.13-1.02 h and 4.3-13.9 h, associated with the two phases. The mean plasma clearance was 700 ml/min. Concentrations during the infusions measured by RIA and HPLC were comparable. Oral profiles showed rapid and extensive absorption. The peak plasma concentrations were 1460-1880 micrograms.l-1 and occurred 2-4 h after dosing, with bioavailability estimates of 41-113%. Concentrations measured by RIA were higher than by HPLC. Blood-to-plasma concentration ratio measurements of @entity205 at 37 degrees C decreased with increasing plasma concentration and increased with haematocrit. Fraction unbound, measured by ultra-centrifugation, was in the range 0.042-0.122 with an average of 0.068, and varied little in some @entity1 but showed systematic changes with time in others. @entity205 binding was found to be related not only to the @entity412 but, more particularly, to the @entity165 -related lipoproteins in plasma. Monitoring @entity165 may be helpful in identifying @entity1 with extremes in binding or with widely varying binding.

title: XXXX : pharmacokinetics and detailed studies of plasma and erythrocyte binding during intravenous and oral administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin', 'cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin']


abstract: Endometrial receptivity and pre-embryo quality are the main factors determining embryo implantation in in vitro fertilization. If one embryo implants normally and goes to term, the endometrium can be assumed to be normal. Eighty-one @entity1 (March 1981 to 1987) had transfers of multiple pre-embryos, resulting in @entity2099 with at least one reaching term. The number of gestational sacs at 8 to 12 weeks of pregnancy, at 20 weeks, and the number of term pregnancies were studied longitudinally. Twelve @entity1 (14.8%) had 2 pre-embryos transferred, 19 (23.5%) had 3, 21 (25.9%) had 4, 17 (21.0%) had 5, 9 (11.1%) had 6, and 3 (3.7%) had 7. At 20 weeks 18 @entity1 (22.2%) had a single viable fetus, 56 (69.1%) had twins, 6 (7.4%) had triplets, and 1 (1.2%) had quadruplets. A total of 325 pre-embryos were transferred; 178 gestational sacs were observed at 8 to 12 weeks, but only 153 showed fetal heartbeat. Total @entity2085 at 8 to 12 weeks was 53.0%; when the "index" embryo was excluded, it reached 61%. Regardless of the number of pre-embryos transferred, only 2.2 embryos on average were able to establish a normal pregnancy. (A)synchronism of the pre-embryos did not affect outcome. Results suggest that with normal endometrial receptivity, the implantation potential of each pre-embryo is different.

title: Implantation potential of each pre-embryo in XXXX obtained by in vitro fertilization seems to be different.

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryo loss']

answer: @entity2099 :: (MESH:D011254,Disease) :: ['multiple pregnancies']


abstract: We examined the relationship between changes in plasma volume (PV) following simulated weightlessness and the response of blood @entity880 (BL) and plasma free @entity1718 (FFA) during exercise. Ten healthy @entity1 (35-49 yr) performed 15 min of submaximal upright cycle ergoemetry at a workrate of 57% of pre-bed rest (BR) maximal @entity26 uptake before and after 10 d of continuous 6 degrees head-down BR. During exercise, @entity26 uptake (VO2) was measured to assure equivalent energy expenditure for pre-BR and post-BR workrate. Antecubital venous blood samples were collected at rest and during the last 30 s of exercise and analyzed for concentrations of BL and FFA, and hematocrit. Resting PV was measured pre-BR and post-BR with @entity5934 and total circulating BL and FFA were calculated as the product of PV and concentrations of BL and FFA, respectively. @entity4962 and FFA concentration during submaximal exercise were unchanged post-BR. During exercise, post-BR BL concentration of 2.9 mmol . L-1 was slightly greater (p less than 0.05) than pre-BR BL concentration of 2.5 mmol . L-1. However, as a result of a 17% reduction (p less than 0.05) in resting PV, total circulating BL during exercise was unchanged while total circulating FFA was reduced (p less than 0.05) post-BR. We conclude that the concentrations of BL and FFA during exercise following simulated weightlessness can be significantly altered by the reduction in PV.

title: Circulating XXXX and FFA during exercise: effect of reduction in plasma volume following exposure to simulated microgravity.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity5934 :: ('MESH:C536380', 'Disease') :: ['Evans blue dye']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: When ocular structures are affected in @entity244 , a rapid @entity1018 has been the rule regardless of the type of treatment--corticosteroids, Leukeran, @entity500 , @entity3812 . The objectives of the present study were to compare, in a masked manner, conventional treatment (corticosteroids/Leukeran) to treatment with CsA. Forty @entity1 suffering from @entity244 with active ocular inflammatory reactions were included in the study. These were randomly assigned to conventional or CsA regimens and were regularly examined by a multidisciplinary group of physicians. The unmasked internist modulated the treatment and recorded systemic manifestations. The masked ophthalmologists recorded the ocular findings without knowledge of the assigned type of treatment. An analysis of the results 3 years after initiation of the study shows that @entity870 is more effective than conventional therapy in decreasing the active ocular inflammatory processes and arresting the deterioration of visual acuity. Regarding the extraocular symptoms, however, conventional therapy is superior to CsA, especially for the control of @entity272 and @entity625 . Side effects were recorded in a much higher incidence among @entity1 receiving CsA. However, tight and constant control of the CsA dosage as performed in this study has, so far, prevented clinical and biochemical nephrotoxic manifestations in @entity1 assigned to this treatment.

title: Evaluation of conventional therapy versus cyclosporine A in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Beh  et's syndrome']


abstract: To study pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure ( @entity71051 ) relationships, we measured these simultaneously with cardiac outputs 1922 times in 128 @entity1 who were @entity3124 or in an intensive care unit. In 356 (18.5%) of the readings, the PAWP exceeded the @entity71051 , indicating that the PAWP reading might be erroneous. In 106 (5.5%) of these readings, the PAWP was 6.0 mm Hg or more higher than the @entity71051 , indicating that the PAWP was almost certainly erroneous. In virtually all instances in which this discrepancy was recognized, changing the position of the catheter tip provided a PAWP value equal to or lower than the @entity71051 . On the other extreme, in 49 (30%) of the @entity1 , the @entity71051 was 6.0 mm Hg or more higher than the PAWP. The pulmonary vascular resistance in these @entity1 averaged (+/- SD) 257 +/- 145 dyne/s/cm-5 (normal, 80 to 160 dyne/s/cm-5). The mean pulmonary vascular resistance in the other 74 @entity1 was significantly lower (158 +/- 72 dyne/s/cm-5). The mortality rate with the increased @entity71051 -PAWP gradients was 59% (24/49). This was significantly higher than the mortality rate (34%, or 27/79) seen with lower PAWP- @entity71051 gradients. Thus, the relationship between the @entity71051 and PAWP should be examined closely in @entity3124 @entity1 . A PAWP higher than the @entity71051 indicates that the PAWP measurement may be erroneous. On the other hand, if the @entity71051 exceeds the PAWP by 6.0 mm Hg or more, the @entity1 has probably developed @entity120 and has a much poorer prognosis.

title: Pulmonary artery diastolic and wedge pressure relationships in XXXX and injured @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: To study pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure ( @entity71051 ) relationships, we measured these simultaneously with cardiac outputs 1922 times in 128 @entity1 who were @entity3124 or in an intensive care unit. In 356 (18.5%) of the readings, the PAWP exceeded the @entity71051 , indicating that the PAWP reading might be erroneous. In 106 (5.5%) of these readings, the PAWP was 6.0 mm Hg or more higher than the @entity71051 , indicating that the PAWP was almost certainly erroneous. In virtually all instances in which this discrepancy was recognized, changing the position of the catheter tip provided a PAWP value equal to or lower than the @entity71051 . On the other extreme, in 49 (30%) of the @entity1 , the @entity71051 was 6.0 mm Hg or more higher than the PAWP. The pulmonary vascular resistance in these @entity1 averaged (+/- SD) 257 +/- 145 dyne/s/cm-5 (normal, 80 to 160 dyne/s/cm-5). The mean pulmonary vascular resistance in the other 74 @entity1 was significantly lower (158 +/- 72 dyne/s/cm-5). The mortality rate with the increased @entity71051 -PAWP gradients was 59% (24/49). This was significantly higher than the mortality rate (34%, or 27/79) seen with lower PAWP- @entity71051 gradients. Thus, the relationship between the @entity71051 and PAWP should be examined closely in @entity3124 @entity1 . A PAWP higher than the @entity71051 indicates that the PAWP measurement may be erroneous. On the other hand, if the @entity71051 exceeds the PAWP by 6.0 mm Hg or more, the @entity1 has probably developed @entity120 and has a much poorer prognosis.

title: Pulmonary artery diastolic and wedge pressure relationships in @entity3124 and injured XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Over the last twelve years 44 @entity1 suffering from @entity7364 have been seen at Huddinge hospital. There were 34 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 . 22 of these @entity1 were for various reasons not regarded as candidates for surgery. The opposite applied to the remaining 22 @entity1 . The outcome of a temporary nerve block guided us (the surgeons and the @entity1 ) whether to operate or not. 12 @entity1 were thus operated upon by means of resection of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. The immediate post-operative result was excellent in 11 of 12 @entity1 but the voice deteriorated in 4 @entity1 . They had revision surgery with a successful result in 3 of them. Also the other 7 @entity1 deteriorated to some extent but not to the degree that revision surgery was necessary. It is our hypothesis that recurrencies are caused by reinnervation of the sectioned nerve.

title: Treatment of XXXX by means of resection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['spasmodic dysphonia']

answer: @entity7364 :: (MESH:D055154,Disease) :: ['spasmodic dysphonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a technical modification that facilitates dorsal skin closure, improves cosmesis and eliminates chordee recurrence secondary to contracture of the dorsal penile skin in the repair of @entity7890 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with @entity7890 (mean age 1.8 years) had the @entity7890 repaired using a modified ventral penile skin flap. Four @entity1 had @entity7890 and seven had had a previous primary closure of @entity1494 . Nine @entity1 underwent the Cantwell-Ransley technique, leaving the meatus in a glanular position. Two @entity1 were repaired using the penile disassembly technique of Mitchell and B  @entity8889 , because they had a short urethral plate. A ventral island skin flap was fashioned, starting at the base of the penis. Dissection was carried ventrally into the scrotum to allow for adequate dorsal flap transposition. The flap was rotated laterally to shift the suture line from the midline and to cover the dorsal aspect of the penis with untouched penile shaft skin. Redundant ventral foreskin was discarded. RESULTS: All @entity1 had an uneventful course after surgery. Dorsal penile skin was viable in every case and no @entity1 developed recurrence of chordee or a urethrocutaneous @entity292 . The cosmetic result was excellent in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Dorsal skin closure using lateral rotation of ventral penile skin flap improves cosmesis after @entity7890 repair and eliminates the recurrence of chordee secondary to midline dorsal scarring.

title: A ventral rotational skin flap to improve cosmesis and avoid chordee recurrence in XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias', 'isolated epispadias', 'penopubic epispadias']

answer: @entity7890 :: (MESH:D004842,Disease) :: ['epispadias']


abstract: During 1979-82, a case-control study of occupational factors and @entity150 was conducted in Edmonton, Calgary, Toronto, and Kingston, Canada. A total of 826 histologically verified cases of @entity5 were individually matched by sex, age, and area of residence to 792 randomly selected population controls. Subjects were specifically asked about employment in several industries thought relevant to risk of @entity150 . Information was also obtained on lifelong occupational history, with special attention given regarding exposures to fumes, dusts, smoke, and chemicals. In addition, subjects provided data on past medical and residential history, on intake of certain dietary items, and on exposure to @entity286 and other lifestyle factors. Conditional logistic regression methods were used for the analysis. Under adjustment for cumulative lifetime cigarette consumption, it appeared that for both @entity1 and @entity1 , most of the occupational factors examined were not associated with significant alteration in risk of @entity150 . For exposures during the period eight to 28 years before diagnosis, however, raised risk was suggested for @entity1 employed at least six months in the chemicals industry (odds ratio = 2.37, p = 0.004), in dye manufacturing or the dyeing of cloth (OR = 3.62 and 4.63, p = 0.041 and 0.035, respectively), as tailors (OR = 3.85, p = 0.015), or in jobs in which contact with diesel or traffic fumes occurred (OR = 1.69, p = 0.0008). Increased risk was also seen for @entity1 occupationally exposed to tars or asphalt (OR = 3.11, p = 0.019). This study then, at least for @entity1 , supports perhaps a few of the suspect industries as related to risk of @entity150 .

title: Occupational factors and the incidence of XXXX in Canada.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'urinary bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['cancer of the bladder']


abstract: Controversy continues about how often a negative laparotomy should be accepted in the management of @entity1 with blunt and penetrating @entity130 . A key issue is the complications, especially @entity1744 . To define these complications, the charts of 248 @entity1 who underwent negative laparotomy for @entity130 were examined. There were 185 @entity1 with penetrating injuries and 63 with @entity1913 . @entity1317 were present in 119 @entity1 . Acute perioperative morbidity occurred in 53 percent of the @entity1 with associated injuries and 22 percent of @entity1 with no associated injuries. On long-term follow-up, five @entity1 developed @entity1744 . The incidence of @entity1744 was related to operative exposure. We have concluded that early morbidity after a negative laparotomy is more common when associated injuries are present. The risk of postoperative @entity1744 is small, especially when extensive operative dissection is not necessary. Abdominal exploration should not be discarded as a viable diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in @entity1 with equivocal findings.

title: Complications of negative laparotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Associated injuries']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injuries']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction', 'small bowel obstructions']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity3494 is an environmental contaminant found in soil, water and air in some zones of the world. It has been widely studied for its effects as a @entity1 carcinogenic agent, but few studies have dealt with neurobehavioral effects. In addition, studies of @entity3494 effects on development have only addressed its effects on embryotoxicity and teratogenicity after a single oral, gavage or intraperitoneal exposure. Among the behavioral alterations reported after intoxication with @entity3494 are both increased and decreased locomotor activity and @entity4207 in a delayed alternation task [Toxicol. Lett. 54 (1990) 345; Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 50 (1993) 100; Brain Res. Bull. 55 (2001) 301]. To further characterize developmental and behavioral alterations induced by @entity3494 exposure, @entity35 were exposed to @entity4250 (36.70 mg @entity3494 /l in drinking water) from gestation day 15 (GD 15) or postnatal day 1 (PND 1), until approximately 4 months old. The pregnant or lactating dams received either the @entity3494 solution or regular drinking water and once pups were weaned, they continued receiving the same solution as drinking water. Animals exposed from GD 15 showed @entity2915 and both exposed groups showed increased number of errors in a delayed alternation task in comparison to the control group. Total @entity3494 (TA) content in brain was similar for both exposed groups and significantly different from the control group. These results indicate that @entity35 exposed to @entity3494 during development present deficits in spontaneous locomotor activity and alterations in a spatial learning task.

title: Effects of sodium arsenite exposure on development and behavior in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenite']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increased spontaneous locomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning deficits']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3494 :: ('MESH:D001151', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic', 'Arsenic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to examine the neural correlates of @entity148 elicited by the anticipation of public speaking in individuals with @entity913 . Positron emission tomography and @entity8493 -water was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow in subjects with DSM-IV @entity913 during @entity148 anticipation. Heart rate and subjective @entity148 were also recorded. While being scanned, subjects were speaking alone either before or after speaking in public. To evaluate anticipatory @entity148 we compared individuals speaking alone before they were speaking in front of an audience with those who did the reverse. RESULTS: Heart rate and subjective @entity148 measures confirmed anticipatory @entity148 in social phobics who performed their private speech before their public. This was accompanied by enhanced cerebral blood flow in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, @entity550 , and in the left amygdaloid-hippocampal region. Brain blood flow was lower in the left temporal pole and bilaterally in the cerebellum in the anticipation group. CONCLUSIONS: Brain regions with altered perfusion presumably reflect changes in neural activity associated with worry about anticipated public performance. We speculate that anticipatory @entity148 in social phobics originates in an affect sensitive fear network encompassing the amygdaloid-hippocampal region, prefrontal, and temporal areas.

title: Cerebral blood flow during anticipation of public speaking in XXXX : a PET study.

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia', 'defined social phobia']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['left inferior temporal cortex']

answer: @entity913 :: (MESH:D010698,Disease) :: ['social phobia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity7743 @entity7744 polymorphism has been associated with increased risks of @entity101 and @entity583 in several small studies. We examined the association between this polymorphism and new-onset @entity101 , blood pressure (BP) control, and incident cardiovascular events in a large population-based cohort of older adults. METHODS: Eight hundred self-identified African Americans and 1,371 randomly selected white @entity1 in the Cardiovascular Health Study were genotyped. The median duration of follow-up was 8.1 years. RESULTS: The @entity7744 polymorphism was not associated with new-onset @entity101 , with BP control, or with incident cardiovascular events in the overall population. In white @entity1 , the CC genotype was associated with higher baseline systolic BP and pulse pressure, compared to the AC or AA genotype. In whites with treated @entity101 at baseline, compared to the AA genotype, the CC genotype was associated with increased risks of incident @entity712 (hazard ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-4.9) and incident @entity385 (hazard ratio = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.0). These associations were not observed among white @entity1 without treated @entity101 , but the interaction of genotype with treated @entity101 on @entity385 and @entity712 was only marginally significant. CONCLUSIONS: On the whole, in this large cohort of older adults, the @entity7744 polymorphism was not associated with BP control or incident cardiovascular events. The subgroup findings in treated @entity101 need to be confirmed in additional studies.

title: XXXX polymorphisms in the cardiovascular health study: relation to blood pressure, ethnicity, and cardiovascular events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity7743 :: (185,Gene) :: ['Angiotensin II type 1 receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Decreased arterial compliance (AC) is considered an early marker of vascular wall damage. @entity101 gradually decreases arterial compliance. We studied whether treatment with the angiotensin type 1 ( @entity1129 (1)) antagonist @entity917 will affect AC in @entity1 with essential @entity101 (EH). METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with EH, 6 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 , mean age 58.7 +/- 4.1 years, without overt target organ damage were included. Antihypertensive medications were withdrawn for 3 weeks, @entity917 was given at 80- and 160-mg doses. The AC, blood pressure (BP), blood, and urine were measured monthly. Large (C1) and small (C2) AC were derived from radial artery waveforms, obtained using a calibrated tonometer (model CR-2000, HDI Inc., Eagan, MN). RESULTS: After 3 months, systolic BP decreased from 172 +/- 17 to 142 +/- 13 mm Hg (P <.0001) and diastolic BP from 95 +/- 9 to 82 +/- 8 mm Hg (P <.0001). The decrease in BP was significant within 1 month and improved further on. The C1 increased by 22%, from 8.0 +/- 3.1 to 9.7 +/- 2.3 mL/mm Hg x 10 (P <.01). The C2 increased by 35%, from 2.9 +/- 1.3 to 3.9 +/- 1.9 mL/mm Hg x 100 (P <.01). Both C1 and C2 reached statistical significance only after 3 months. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased by 15% from 2,140 +/- 376 to 1,817 +/- 262 dynes/sec/cm(-5) (P <.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity917 in @entity1 with EH improves small and large AC. The improvement in AC was significant only after 3 months of treatment, whereas systolic BP, diastolic BP, and SVR decreased earlier. The @entity1129 (1) receptor blockade with @entity917 seems to be an effective means of not only lowering BP but of reversal of vascular wall damage, which predisposes to cardiovascular events.

title: Prolonged treatment with the AT1 receptor blocker, XXXX , increases small and large artery compliance in uncomplicated essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan', 'Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity917 :: (MESH:C081489,Chemical) :: ['valsartan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Decreased arterial compliance (AC) is considered an early marker of vascular wall damage. @entity101 gradually decreases arterial compliance. We studied whether treatment with the angiotensin type 1 ( @entity1129 (1)) antagonist @entity917 will affect AC in @entity1 with essential @entity101 (EH). METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with EH, 6 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 , mean age 58.7 +/- 4.1 years, without overt target organ damage were included. Antihypertensive medications were withdrawn for 3 weeks, @entity917 was given at 80- and 160-mg doses. The AC, blood pressure (BP), blood, and urine were measured monthly. Large (C1) and small (C2) AC were derived from radial artery waveforms, obtained using a calibrated tonometer (model CR-2000, HDI Inc., Eagan, MN). RESULTS: After 3 months, systolic BP decreased from 172 +/- 17 to 142 +/- 13 mm Hg (P <.0001) and diastolic BP from 95 +/- 9 to 82 +/- 8 mm Hg (P <.0001). The decrease in BP was significant within 1 month and improved further on. The C1 increased by 22%, from 8.0 +/- 3.1 to 9.7 +/- 2.3 mL/mm Hg x 10 (P <.01). The C2 increased by 35%, from 2.9 +/- 1.3 to 3.9 +/- 1.9 mL/mm Hg x 100 (P <.01). Both C1 and C2 reached statistical significance only after 3 months. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased by 15% from 2,140 +/- 376 to 1,817 +/- 262 dynes/sec/cm(-5) (P <.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity917 in @entity1 with EH improves small and large AC. The improvement in AC was significant only after 3 months of treatment, whereas systolic BP, diastolic BP, and SVR decreased earlier. The @entity1129 (1) receptor blockade with @entity917 seems to be an effective means of not only lowering BP but of reversal of vascular wall damage, which predisposes to cardiovascular events.

title: Prolonged treatment with the AT1 receptor blocker, @entity917 , increases small and large artery compliance in uncomplicated essential XXXX .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A 47-year-old @entity1 was admitted for follow-up of an abnormal chest x-ray. He had a history of @entity1415 and a @entity867 and a family history of @entity2702 . Physical examination showed @entity28271 and @entity8721 of the tongue. Laboratory data revealed evidence of @entity6582 and @entity519 . Contrast echocardiography and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy were suggestive of a right-to-left shunt. From the @entity26 tension and content of blood taken at cardiac catheterization, the shunt ratio was calculated to be 57.8%. Multiple bilateral @entity2702 were confirmed by angiography, and the @entity1 was diagnosed as having @entity1884 . A review of x-ray films taken over a 24-year period demonstrated that the @entity292 in both lungs had been increasing gradually in size at different rates. A right lower lobectomy relieved the @entity519 , but the @entity1 died unexpectedly on the twelfth postoperative day. There was no evidence of @entity397 on chest film, but no autopsy was performed.

title: @entity1884 with growing XXXX followed for 24 years.

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity2702 :: ('MESH:C562404', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['fistula rupture']

entities_list: @entity28271 :: ('MESH:D010005', 'Disease') :: ['clubbed fingers']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity2702 :: (MESH:C562404,Disease) :: ['pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas']