abstract: Peptides of diverse structure stimulate grooming in rodents and other mammals. Peptide-induced grooming may be observed in several motivational contexts, with or without strong alternative response tendencies. @entity6138 -like peptides elicit grooming route dependently in the @entity35 and hamster, independently of, or concomitantly with, changes in ingestive behaviors or resting. The pattern of body surfaces groomed after i.c.v. @entity6575 is in proportion to the representation of body surfaces in somatosensory but not motor cortex of @entity35 . A @entity6138 -like peptide may be a neurotransmitter in somatosensory afferent processing, and grooming after i.c.v. @entity6575 may reflect a response to alteration of cutaneous sensation. @entity6138 is a putative satiety signal in the control of feeding and @entity1068 intake, but the satiation effects of systemic @entity6575 can be dissociated from the grooming effect of central @entity6575 . Thus, @entity6138 may perform independent and site-specific functions in the control of behavior. Grooming produced by @entity6575 is not affected by @entity1510 , involves a different proportion of motor acts than is observed in normal or ACTH-induced grooming, and no cross-tolerance has been reported between ACTH and @entity6575 in the @entity35 . These properties of @entity6138 -induced grooming indicate multiple, separable mechanisms of peptide-induced grooming and scratching. @entity8586 -like peptide-induced grooming is observed after central injection in the @entity35 and is unaccompanied by changes in feeding or resting. The well-documented satiety action of systemic @entity6140 -like peptides is not accompanied by excessive grooming, so multiple, site-specific behavioral roles are also indicated for @entity6140 -like peptides in control of behavior. @entity6140 -8 exhibits short-term cross-tolerance with ACTH in elicitation of grooming, and central @entity6140 -8 is co-localized with @entity3318 and stimulates ACTH and @entity2819 release in the @entity35 . Thus, @entity6140 -8 may induce grooming by increasing @entity3318 or ACTH activity. These properties of @entity6140 -like peptide-induced grooming indicate convergent neuroendocrine mechanisms that may explain some, but not all, peptide-induced grooming syndromes. Further characterization of the qualitative topographic, neuropharmacological, and neuroanatomical differences and species specificities of peptide-induced excessive grooming should provide a basis for understanding how brains coordinate grooming. Knowledge of the processes of neuropeptide control of grooming may provide potential peptide-based controls of grooming-related clinical disorders such as @entity111 and @entity56 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX and ceruletide-induced grooming and inhibition of ingestion in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['Bombesin', 'bombesin']

answer: @entity6138 :: (MESH:D001839,Chemical) :: ['Bombesin']


abstract: Peptides of diverse structure stimulate grooming in rodents and other mammals. Peptide-induced grooming may be observed in several motivational contexts, with or without strong alternative response tendencies. @entity6138 -like peptides elicit grooming route dependently in the @entity35 and hamster, independently of, or concomitantly with, changes in ingestive behaviors or resting. The pattern of body surfaces groomed after i.c.v. @entity6575 is in proportion to the representation of body surfaces in somatosensory but not motor cortex of @entity35 . A @entity6138 -like peptide may be a neurotransmitter in somatosensory afferent processing, and grooming after i.c.v. @entity6575 may reflect a response to alteration of cutaneous sensation. @entity6138 is a putative satiety signal in the control of feeding and @entity1068 intake, but the satiation effects of systemic @entity6575 can be dissociated from the grooming effect of central @entity6575 . Thus, @entity6138 may perform independent and site-specific functions in the control of behavior. Grooming produced by @entity6575 is not affected by @entity1510 , involves a different proportion of motor acts than is observed in normal or ACTH-induced grooming, and no cross-tolerance has been reported between ACTH and @entity6575 in the @entity35 . These properties of @entity6138 -induced grooming indicate multiple, separable mechanisms of peptide-induced grooming and scratching. @entity8586 -like peptide-induced grooming is observed after central injection in the @entity35 and is unaccompanied by changes in feeding or resting. The well-documented satiety action of systemic @entity6140 -like peptides is not accompanied by excessive grooming, so multiple, site-specific behavioral roles are also indicated for @entity6140 -like peptides in control of behavior. @entity6140 -8 exhibits short-term cross-tolerance with ACTH in elicitation of grooming, and central @entity6140 -8 is co-localized with @entity3318 and stimulates ACTH and @entity2819 release in the @entity35 . Thus, @entity6140 -8 may induce grooming by increasing @entity3318 or ACTH activity. These properties of @entity6140 -like peptide-induced grooming indicate convergent neuroendocrine mechanisms that may explain some, but not all, peptide-induced grooming syndromes. Further characterization of the qualitative topographic, neuropharmacological, and neuroanatomical differences and species specificities of peptide-induced excessive grooming should provide a basis for understanding how brains coordinate grooming. Knowledge of the processes of neuropeptide control of grooming may provide potential peptide-based controls of grooming-related clinical disorders such as @entity111 and @entity56 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity6138 and ceruletide-induced grooming and inhibition of ingestion in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of pediatric hospitalizations for @entity497 ( @entity497 ) has declined after the widespread use of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The national incidence of outpatient visits for @entity497 , however, is not well established. Although no pediatric @entity497 treatment guidelines are available, current data support narrow-spectrum antibiotics as the first-line treatment for most @entity1 with @entity497 . OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence rates of outpatient @entity497 , examine time trends in antibiotics prescribed for @entity497 , and determine factors associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing for @entity497 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The National Ambulatory and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (1994-2007) were used to identify @entity1 aged 1 to 18 years with @entity497 using a validated algorithm. We determined age group-specific rates of outpatient @entity497 and examined trends in antibiotic prescribing for @entity497 . Data from 2006-2007 were used to study factors associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing. RESULTS: Overall, annual @entity497 visit rates ranged from 16.9 to 22.4 per 1000 population, with the highest rates occurring in @entity1 aged 1 to 5 years (range: 32.3-49.6 per 1000). Ambulatory @entity497 visit rates did not change between 1994 and 2007. Antibiotics commonly prescribed for @entity497 included macrolides (34% of @entity1 overall), @entity2886 (22% overall), and penicillins (14% overall). @entity5898 use increased significantly between 2000 and 2007 (P = .002). Increasing age, a visit to a nonemergency department office, and obtaining a radiograph or complete blood count were associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity497 has not changed significantly between 1994 and 2007, despite the introduction of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in 2000. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly macrolides, were frequently prescribed despite evidence that they provide little benefit over penicillins.

title: Ambulatory visit rates and antibiotic prescribing for XXXX with pneumonia, 1994-2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia', 'pediatric ambulatory CAP visits']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['Cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Using the monoclonal antibody G2-09 raised against @entity291 glia maturation factor (GMF), we conducted a survey of GMF-like immunoreactivity in various cell types. Of all the normal and neoplastic cells tested, only extracts from astroblasts, @entity11 , Schwann cells and @entity808 , but not their conditioned media, possessed endogenous GMF-like immunoreactivity. The presence of immunoreactive GMF correlated well with GMF bioactivity. Using the same monoclonal antibody, the GMF-like factor in astroblasts and C6 @entity11 cells was characterized by immunofluorescence, immunoadsorption and immunoblotting. Immunofluorescence confirmed the intracellular location of GMF. Immunoadsorption completely eliminated the GMF-like bioactivity from the cell extracts. Immunoblotting identified a protein band having a mol. wt. of 14,000 Da. Thus, the evidence strongly supports the argument that the GMF-like factor in astroblasts and C6 cells is identical with GMF from the @entity291 brain. In order to explain the fact that astroblasts and C6 cells are both the source and targets of GMF, we propose the hypothesis that GMF functions as an injury signal, being released from the injured glia and serving as a stimulant for @entity5219 in the neighboring intact glia.

title: Endogenous immunoreactive glia maturation factor-like molecule in astrocytes and XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: A hallmark of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) progression is the development of osteoblastic bone metastases, which respond poorly to available therapies. We previously reported that @entity1611 (121)/rGel targets osteoclast precursors and @entity5 neovasculature. Here we tested the hypothesis that targeting nontumor cells expressing these receptors can inhibit @entity5 progression in a clinically relevant model of osteoblastic @entity263 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Cells from @entity1865 @entity263 118b, a @entity263 xenograft obtained from a bone @entity3 in a @entity1 with castrate-resistant @entity263 , were injected into the femurs of @entity19 . Osteoblastic progression was monitored following systemic administration of @entity1611 (121)/rGel. RESULTS: @entity1611 (121)/rGel was cytotoxic in vitro to osteoblast precursor cells. This @entity137 was specific as @entity1611 (121)/rGel internalization into osteoblasts was @entity1611 (121) receptor driven. Furthermore, @entity1611 (121)/rGel significantly inhibited @entity263 -induced bone formation in a @entity19 calvaria culture assay. In vivo, @entity1611 (121)/rGel significantly inhibited the osteoblastic progression of @entity263 cells in the femurs of @entity19 . Microcomputed tomographic analysis revealed that @entity1611 (121)/rGel restored the bone volume fraction of @entity5 -bearing femurs to values similar to those of the contralateral (non- @entity5 -bearing) femurs. @entity1611 (121)/rGel significantly reduced the number of @entity5 -associated osteoclasts but did not change the numbers of peritumoral osteoblasts. Importantly, @entity1611 (121)/rGel-treated @entity19 had significantly less @entity5 burden than control @entity19 . Our results thus indicate that @entity1611 (121)/rGel inhibits osteoblastic @entity5 progression by targeting angiogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and bone formation. CONCLUSIONS: Targeting @entity1611 receptor (VEGFR)-1- or @entity11132 -expressing cells is effective in controlling the osteoblastic progression of @entity263 in bone. These findings provide the basis for an effective multitargeted approach for metastatic @entity263 .

title: XXXX osteoblastic progression with VEGF121/rGel, a single agent targeting osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and @entity5 neovasculature.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Inhibition of prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: A hallmark of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) progression is the development of osteoblastic bone metastases, which respond poorly to available therapies. We previously reported that @entity1611 (121)/rGel targets osteoclast precursors and @entity5 neovasculature. Here we tested the hypothesis that targeting nontumor cells expressing these receptors can inhibit @entity5 progression in a clinically relevant model of osteoblastic @entity263 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Cells from @entity1865 @entity263 118b, a @entity263 xenograft obtained from a bone @entity3 in a @entity1 with castrate-resistant @entity263 , were injected into the femurs of @entity19 . Osteoblastic progression was monitored following systemic administration of @entity1611 (121)/rGel. RESULTS: @entity1611 (121)/rGel was cytotoxic in vitro to osteoblast precursor cells. This @entity137 was specific as @entity1611 (121)/rGel internalization into osteoblasts was @entity1611 (121) receptor driven. Furthermore, @entity1611 (121)/rGel significantly inhibited @entity263 -induced bone formation in a @entity19 calvaria culture assay. In vivo, @entity1611 (121)/rGel significantly inhibited the osteoblastic progression of @entity263 cells in the femurs of @entity19 . Microcomputed tomographic analysis revealed that @entity1611 (121)/rGel restored the bone volume fraction of @entity5 -bearing femurs to values similar to those of the contralateral (non- @entity5 -bearing) femurs. @entity1611 (121)/rGel significantly reduced the number of @entity5 -associated osteoclasts but did not change the numbers of peritumoral osteoblasts. Importantly, @entity1611 (121)/rGel-treated @entity19 had significantly less @entity5 burden than control @entity19 . Our results thus indicate that @entity1611 (121)/rGel inhibits osteoblastic @entity5 progression by targeting angiogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and bone formation. CONCLUSIONS: Targeting @entity1611 receptor (VEGFR)-1- or @entity11132 -expressing cells is effective in controlling the osteoblastic progression of @entity263 in bone. These findings provide the basis for an effective multitargeted approach for metastatic @entity263 .

title: @entity263 osteoblastic progression with VEGF121/rGel, a single agent targeting osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and XXXX neovasculature.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The protective effect of high-titer anti-lipid A hyperimmune globulin with respect to the course of the disease and the mortality rate was studied in @entity1 with @entity295 verified by positive blood cultures. Six @entity1 were treated with anti-lipid A in an open study. Dramatic improvement in fever curves and clinical condition in some of the @entity1 encouraged us to start a randomized double blind study. So far, 17 @entity1 have entered the study, 16 of whom were evaluable. Immediately after a positive blood culture was found, @entity1 received either high doses of anti-lipid A or placebo (saline solution) on two subsequent days. Before and after each infusion blood samples were taken in order to assess serum bactericidal activity and anti-lipid A titers. Because of the still small numbers of @entity1 the results of both studies were summarized. In all @entity1 treated with anti-lipid A clear-cut increases in anti-lipid A titers were shown. @entity1 with repeated gram-negative @entity281 showed higher median anti-lipid A titers than @entity1 without such a history. The @entity1 treated with anti-lipid A immune globulin @entity5856 a significantly milder course than the placebo group. The severe signs of @entity326 were reversed in seven of 15 patients on anti-lipid A compared to two of seven @entity1 treated with placebo. In the anti-lipid A-treated group, three of 15 @entity1 died, and in the placebo group two of seven. This difference is not statistically significant.

title: [Antibodies to lipoid A in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: Megakaryocytopoiesis and granulopoiesis of marrow cells from W/Wv @entity19 were studied using a continuous liquid marrow culture system. Cells in the suspension phase were assayed weekly over a 16-week period for total nucleated cells, megakaryocytes, granulocytes, megakaryocytes and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-Ms, CFU-GMs), and spleen colony-forming cells (CFU-Ss). Without @entity701 supplementation, proliferation of megakaryocytes, granulocytes, and their progenitor cells was significantly less in W/Wv cultures than in +/+ cultures. These cells became undetectable in both W/Wv and +/+ cultures at seven to 11 weeks in culture, after which only monocytes and macrophages proliferated in the cultures. Treatment of cultures with @entity701 improved megakaryocytopoiesis and granulopoiesis in both W/Wv and +/+ cultures. Following an initial lag phase of three to four weeks, proliferation of megakaryocytes, granulocytes, and their progenitor cells in W/Wv cultures equalled that observed in +/+ cultures and was sustained for 16 to 24 weeks. This improvement was associated with a sustained reduction in monocytes and macrophages. Despite improvements in megakaryocytopoiesis and granulopoiesis, production of macroscopic and microscopic spleen colonies by cells from W/Wv cultures remained severely reduced or absent. Studies of DNA synthesis rates of fresh marrow cells indicated that significantly fewer CFU-Ms and CFU-GMs were in cycle in W/Wv @entity19 compared with +/+ @entity19 . However, in @entity701 -treated W/Wv cultures, DNA synthesis rates of CFU-Ms and CFU-GMs increased markedly and equalled those observed for +/+ cultures. These results suggest that the improvements in megakaryocytopoiesis and granulopoiesis in @entity701 -treated liquid cultures is associated with a reduction in monocytes and macrophages and that progenitor cells of W/Wv @entity19 have a proliferative defect that is correctable by @entity701 treatment in vitro.

title: Megakaryocytopoiesis and granulopoiesis of W/Wv XXXX studied in long-term bone marrow cultures.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The effects of a 1-hr inhalation of submicrometer @entity8316 ( @entity4197 ) aerosols via nasal mask on tracheobronchial mucociliary particle clearance and respiratory mechanics were studied in ten subjects with asthmatic histories. A brief inhalation of monodisperse 3.9-micron 99mTc-tagged @entity25050 aerosol preceded the 1-hr @entity4197 (at 100, 300, and 1000 micrograms/m3) or a sham exposure. @entity1514 retention of the gamma-tagged @entity25050 was measured using external radiation detectors. Respiratory function was measured before, and 15 min and 3 hr after the @entity4197 or sham exposure. After exposure to 1000 micrograms/m3 of @entity4197 , the six subjects not on routine medication exhibited a transient slowing of mucociliary clearance and also decrements in sGaw, FEV1/FVC, MMEF, and V25 (P less than 0.05) in both sets of measurements. The four asthmatics on daily medication exhibited stepwise mucociliary clearance that was too variable to allow detection of any @entity4197 effect on clearance. The 1000 micrograms/m3 of @entity4197 did produce decrements in V25 (P less than 0.05), but the variability of the other respiratory parameters in this small group was too great to permit detection of changes. Mucociliary clearance rates in both groups in the sham exposure tests were significantly slower than those of healthy nonsmokers studied previously using the same protocols. The extent of mucociliary clearance slowing following the 1000 micrograms/m3 exposure in the nonmedicated subjects was similar to that in the healthy nonsmokers. This similar change, from a reduced baseline rate of clearance, together with the significant change in respiratory function, indicate that asymptomatic asthmatics may respond to @entity4197 exposures with functional changes of greater potential health significance than do healthy nonsmokers.

title: Effects of submicrometer XXXX aerosols on mucociliary transport and respiratory mechanics in asymptomatic asthmatics.

entities_list: @entity8316 :: ('MESH:C033158', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfuric acid']

answer: @entity8316 :: (MESH:C033158,Chemical) :: ['sulfuric acid']


abstract: The beneficial effects on @entity3362 are related to a combination of coronary and non-coronary effects of the drugs. @entity1 with different forms of @entity299 may respond differently. For instance, in a @entity1 with @entity1459 due to @entity3361 , @entity3362 will reverse or prevent @entity3361 . In contrast, the @entity1 with severe @entity3979 and reproducible @entity951 during exercise, may obtain relief because @entity3362 decrease venous return, left ventricular size and left ventricular pressure, thus decreasing myocardial @entity26 demands. @entity3362 can be used to treat @entity1 with @entity951 , @entity1459 and @entity583 . In @entity1 with @entity951 , oral @entity1507 preparations with sustained-release action have been shown to decrease the indices of myocardial @entity26 demand for up to 12 h. In @entity1 with @entity1459 , intravenous @entity3362 usually relieve symptoms in @entity1 refractory to oral therapy. In @entity1 with @entity583 , early administration with intravenous @entity3362 may benefit @entity1 as suggested by randomized prospective trials. @entity1507 tolerance and @entity1507 dependence does not seem to be an important clinical problem. Perhaps this is related to the way the drug is given, i.e. intermittently. In some instances, however, when high doses are used or the drug is administered intravenously or by the transdermal route, constant levels of @entity12118 may be attained and the @entity1 may develop tolerance. Although @entity3362 are effective drugs, it is native to think that they will be used alone to manage the complex problems associated with @entity299 . Other than @entity551 and adverse effects of the drug, there seems to be no contraindication to the combination of @entity3362 with @entity460 antagonists or beta blockers.

title: @entity1507 therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrates', 'nitrates']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrate', 'nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['rest angina', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['chronic angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']


abstract: The beneficial effects on @entity3362 are related to a combination of coronary and non-coronary effects of the drugs. @entity1 with different forms of @entity299 may respond differently. For instance, in a @entity1 with @entity1459 due to @entity3361 , @entity3362 will reverse or prevent @entity3361 . In contrast, the @entity1 with severe @entity3979 and reproducible @entity951 during exercise, may obtain relief because @entity3362 decrease venous return, left ventricular size and left ventricular pressure, thus decreasing myocardial @entity26 demands. @entity3362 can be used to treat @entity1 with @entity951 , @entity1459 and @entity583 . In @entity1 with @entity951 , oral @entity1507 preparations with sustained-release action have been shown to decrease the indices of myocardial @entity26 demand for up to 12 h. In @entity1 with @entity1459 , intravenous @entity3362 usually relieve symptoms in @entity1 refractory to oral therapy. In @entity1 with @entity583 , early administration with intravenous @entity3362 may benefit @entity1 as suggested by randomized prospective trials. @entity1507 tolerance and @entity1507 dependence does not seem to be an important clinical problem. Perhaps this is related to the way the drug is given, i.e. intermittently. In some instances, however, when high doses are used or the drug is administered intravenously or by the transdermal route, constant levels of @entity12118 may be attained and the @entity1 may develop tolerance. Although @entity3362 are effective drugs, it is native to think that they will be used alone to manage the complex problems associated with @entity299 . Other than @entity551 and adverse effects of the drug, there seems to be no contraindication to the combination of @entity3362 with @entity460 antagonists or beta blockers.

title: XXXX therapy for @entity299 .

answer: @entity1507 :: (CHEBI:48107,Chemical) :: ['Nitrate']


abstract: Stereo radiography and stereotopography were used to record simultaneously the three-dimensional spinal and back surface shape of 141 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of adolescent onset @entity2112 . Radiography confirmed 80 @entity1 with single lateral curves (Cobb angle 5-87 degrees); 59 with double curves (Cobb angle 5-61 degrees), and two @entity1 with triple curves. Orientation of each vertebra was measured by the lateral deviation from the spinal axis and the @entity717 . For each curve detected, the Cobb angle, the maximum deviation, the maximum @entity717 , and the sagittal plane curvature was measured. Topographic data were used to generate a profile of a cross-section through the back of each vertebral level. This section was characterized by its @entity717 , deviation of its midpoint from the spinal axis, and area symmetry about the midpoint. Maximum values of these measurements in the region of each radiographic @entity1635 curve were noted. Regression and correlation analysis showed (for each curve) a high correlation of apical vertebral lateral deviation with back surface @entity717 (r = 0.79) and with vertebral @entity717 (r = 0.79). The back surface rotation was less than @entity717 in magnitude, however, by a mean factor of 0.55. The measurement of the back surface asymmetry that gave the highest correlation with the @entity85 was the @entity717 . Relationships between skeletal and surface measures were similar for curves in thoracic and lumbar regions and for @entity1 with single and double curves. There is potential for clinical application of surface measurement techniques to prescription of orthoses and monitoring of changes due to progression or treatment.

title: XXXX and back surface asymmetry in @entity2112 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axial rotation', 'vertebral rotation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Spinal deformity']


abstract: Stereo radiography and stereotopography were used to record simultaneously the three-dimensional spinal and back surface shape of 141 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of adolescent onset @entity2112 . Radiography confirmed 80 @entity1 with single lateral curves (Cobb angle 5-87 degrees); 59 with double curves (Cobb angle 5-61 degrees), and two @entity1 with triple curves. Orientation of each vertebra was measured by the lateral deviation from the spinal axis and the @entity717 . For each curve detected, the Cobb angle, the maximum deviation, the maximum @entity717 , and the sagittal plane curvature was measured. Topographic data were used to generate a profile of a cross-section through the back of each vertebral level. This section was characterized by its @entity717 , deviation of its midpoint from the spinal axis, and area symmetry about the midpoint. Maximum values of these measurements in the region of each radiographic @entity1635 curve were noted. Regression and correlation analysis showed (for each curve) a high correlation of apical vertebral lateral deviation with back surface @entity717 (r = 0.79) and with vertebral @entity717 (r = 0.79). The back surface rotation was less than @entity717 in magnitude, however, by a mean factor of 0.55. The measurement of the back surface asymmetry that gave the highest correlation with the @entity85 was the @entity717 . Relationships between skeletal and surface measures were similar for curves in thoracic and lumbar regions and for @entity1 with single and double curves. There is potential for clinical application of surface measurement techniques to prescription of orthoses and monitoring of changes due to progression or treatment.

title: @entity85 and back surface asymmetry in XXXX .

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: Although the etiologic importance of @entity286 in risk of upper aerodigestive @entity5 is unquestioned, quantification of subsite-specific risks is less well delineated. Risk estimates from this case-control study are derived from self-administered comprehensive risk factor questionnaires distributed to newly registered @entity1 at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and @entity5 Institute, Houston. Cases included 185 white @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity957 of the upper aerodigestive tract. An equal number of age-frequency and sex-frequency matched @entity1 was randomly selected from the same @entity1 population excluding only @entity1 with diagnoses of @entity957 of any site. A statistically significant dose-response relationship for three categories of cigarette pack-years was evident for both males (odds ratios [OR] = 1.8, 4.0, and 7.5) and females (OR = 1.5, 9.0, and 12.0). Highest risks were documented for @entity5 (OR = 15.1) and lingual cancer (OR = 14.5). There was interaction between @entity167 use and smoking among @entity1 , but no independent effect of @entity167 consumption among either gender. After 15 years of smoking abstinence, males no longer exhibited increased risk (OR = 1.0) whereas the risk for females after 15 years of cessation was 1.5. There were also significantly increased risks among @entity1 associated with snuff dipping, cigar, and pipe use (OR = 3.4, 2.8, and 1.8, respectively). The differences in the magnitude of the risk estimates and dose-response curves by subsite and by sex suggest a variable susceptibility to carcinogenic action.

title: XXXX of the upper aerodigestive tract. A case comparison analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'Tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: This study was designed to assess the time-dependent change in propensity to induction of malignant @entity1165 after @entity583 . Instrumented conscious @entity235 were assessed during serial drug-free electrophysiologic studies over 26 +/- 9 days (range 17 to 35 days) after 2 hr occlusion-reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Of the 19 animals studied, 11 continued to have sustained @entity1165 inducible (group I) over this time period. In the eight remaining animals, spontaneous loss in the ability to induce sustained @entity1165 occurred (group II). @entity583 size in group I animals (18 +/- 8%) was significantly greater than that in group II @entity235 (12.5 +/- 5%; p less than .05). Even in group I animals, time-dependent changes occurred in the number of extrastimuli required to induce @entity1165 and the frequency with which left ventricular stimulation was necessary. A differential pattern of time-dependent changes in electrophysiologic variables was observed when comparing group I and II animals. The conduction time to the @entity1188 zone was prolonged during follow-up in group I animals, while in group II animals this variable was unchanged. Repolarization time recorded in the border zone remained unchanged in group I animals, but it was significantly shortened in group II animals. In addition, ventricular effective refractory period in the @entity1188 zone shortened over time in group I animals but did not change in group II animals. In conclusion, time-dependent changes occur in electrophysiologic variables that are associated with a progressive decrease in propensity to induction of @entity1165 after @entity583 . A critical determinant of whether propensity to @entity1165 resolves over time is size of @entity583 .

title: Time-dependent change in electrophysiologic milieu after XXXX in conscious @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: This study was designed to assess the time-dependent change in propensity to induction of malignant @entity1165 after @entity583 . Instrumented conscious @entity235 were assessed during serial drug-free electrophysiologic studies over 26 +/- 9 days (range 17 to 35 days) after 2 hr occlusion-reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Of the 19 animals studied, 11 continued to have sustained @entity1165 inducible (group I) over this time period. In the eight remaining animals, spontaneous loss in the ability to induce sustained @entity1165 occurred (group II). @entity583 size in group I animals (18 +/- 8%) was significantly greater than that in group II @entity235 (12.5 +/- 5%; p less than .05). Even in group I animals, time-dependent changes occurred in the number of extrastimuli required to induce @entity1165 and the frequency with which left ventricular stimulation was necessary. A differential pattern of time-dependent changes in electrophysiologic variables was observed when comparing group I and II animals. The conduction time to the @entity1188 zone was prolonged during follow-up in group I animals, while in group II animals this variable was unchanged. Repolarization time recorded in the border zone remained unchanged in group I animals, but it was significantly shortened in group II animals. In addition, ventricular effective refractory period in the @entity1188 zone shortened over time in group I animals but did not change in group II animals. In conclusion, time-dependent changes occur in electrophysiologic variables that are associated with a progressive decrease in propensity to induction of @entity1165 after @entity583 . A critical determinant of whether propensity to @entity1165 resolves over time is size of @entity583 .

title: Time-dependent change in electrophysiologic milieu after @entity583 in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Clinical and morphologic factors that affected the distribution of disease are described in 100 cases of @entity43 at autopsy. In addition to the expected pattern of pelvic and abdominal peritoneal spread, extensive visceral parenchymal metastases were seen: liver parenchyma (45%), lung parenchyma (39%), small and large intestinal wall (52% and 55%), lymph nodes (70%), pancreas (21%), ureter (24%), bone (11%), and brain (6%). Liver parenchymal metastases replaced more than one third of the liver in 25% of cases, whereas lung metastases always involved less than one third of the lungs. When intestinal wall invasion was seen, @entity1744 was present more often (71%) than when only intestinal serosa was involved (30%). Lymphatic invasion was predictive of lymph node, small intestinal wall, pancreatic, and liver as well as lung parenchymal metastases. Blood vessel invasion was predictive of pancreatic and ureteral metastases. Clinical stage I at diagnosis was associated with high incidences of liver parenchymal (56%), lymph node (56%), lung parenchymal (44%), large intestinal wall (33%), and bone (33%) metastases. Thus, @entity43 has parenchymal metastases similar to other @entity189 in addition to its peritoneal spread. Lymphatic and blood vessel invasion is predictive of such involvement. Intestinal wall invasion predicts @entity1744 .

title: Distribution of disease at autopsy in 100 women with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Forty-three @entity1 with @entity66 , inoperable @entity1149 received two intravenous courses of @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity900 (CAP) chemotherapy over a 6-week period. This was followed by 5 weeks of combined chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) consisting of low weekly doses of CAP for 5 weeks plus 50 Gy continuous X ray therapy (XRT) to the primary @entity5 site. Chemotherapy was continued until disease progression occurred or until the total dose of @entity632 reached 450 mg/m2, whichever came first. CCRT improved the response rate [complete response (CR) plus partial responses (PR)] from 25% after two courses of CAP alone to 65% after CCRT. Previous response to two courses of CAP influences response subsequent to CAP plus XRT. A pretherapy weight loss of 6% or greater had a significant adverse effect on both response and survival time. The median survival time for all @entity1 was 50 weeks; @entity1 whose disease responded to treatment survived significantly longer than @entity1 with nonresponding disease. The median time until disease progression was 37 weeks. Twenty-seven @entity1 relapsed. The first sites of relapse were local in 30% of the @entity1 , distant in 56% of them, and both local and distant in 15%. Severe @entity2910 occurred in 30% of the @entity1 and was dose-limiting. The administration of CCRT resulted in an improved response rate compared with the rates reported in previous studies of chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone. Further improvement of the CCRT program is needed to increase long-term survival time and to decrease esophageal @entity137 .

title: Combined chemoradiotherapy in @entity66 , inoperable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['limited-disease']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Forty-three @entity1 with @entity66 , inoperable @entity1149 received two intravenous courses of @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity900 (CAP) chemotherapy over a 6-week period. This was followed by 5 weeks of combined chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) consisting of low weekly doses of CAP for 5 weeks plus 50 Gy continuous X ray therapy (XRT) to the primary @entity5 site. Chemotherapy was continued until disease progression occurred or until the total dose of @entity632 reached 450 mg/m2, whichever came first. CCRT improved the response rate [complete response (CR) plus partial responses (PR)] from 25% after two courses of CAP alone to 65% after CCRT. Previous response to two courses of CAP influences response subsequent to CAP plus XRT. A pretherapy weight loss of 6% or greater had a significant adverse effect on both response and survival time. The median survival time for all @entity1 was 50 weeks; @entity1 whose disease responded to treatment survived significantly longer than @entity1 with nonresponding disease. The median time until disease progression was 37 weeks. Twenty-seven @entity1 relapsed. The first sites of relapse were local in 30% of the @entity1 , distant in 56% of them, and both local and distant in 15%. Severe @entity2910 occurred in 30% of the @entity1 and was dose-limiting. The administration of CCRT resulted in an improved response rate compared with the rates reported in previous studies of chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone. Further improvement of the CCRT program is needed to increase long-term survival time and to decrease esophageal @entity137 .

title: Combined chemoradiotherapy in XXXX , inoperable @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['limited-disease']


abstract: Three kinds of cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library synthesized from female @entity35 liver mRNA by cross-hybridization with the @entity11042 ) cDNA as a probe and sequenced. One clone appears to be the previously isolated @entity13234 cDNA clone with an additional 5'-untranslated and coding sequence which are lacking in the previously reported clone (Gonzalez, F. J., Kimura, S., Song, B.-J., Pastewka, J., Gelboin, H. V., and Hardwick, J. P. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10667-10672), though several @entity377 differences were seen. Another one is for @entity13233 mRNA previously isolated, and the last has an almost identical @entity377 sequence to @entity13233 (the same report cited above) except for one region of 159 base pairs where the sequence homology between the two is abruptly broken down. This nonhomologous region appears to correspond exactly to the entire eighth exon, estimated by comparison with the gene structure of the related P-450 ( @entity11042 ). This replacement in @entity13233 (ps) causes a frameshift in the open reading frame, resulting in the generation of a truncated form of P-450 with a strange replacement block and lacking the @entity1446 -binding region. This observation suggests that the mRNA whose cDNA was cloned here was produced from a recombinant gene generated by gene conversion or from alternative splicing of a cryptic exon. Sex- and age-dependent expression of the mRNAs investigated by dot blot analysis revealed that normal- and pseudo-type PB-1 mRNA were expressed in both male and female @entity35 livers, though their age-dependent expression was different in male and female animals. In addition, both the mRNAs were specifically expressed in the female brain of 8 weeks, whereas practically no expression was observed in kidney and lung of both sexes.

title: Complementary DNA cloning of cytochrome P-450s related to XXXX from the complementary DNA library of female @entity35 livers. Predicted primary structures for @entity13234 , PB-1, and PB-1-related protein with a bizarre replacement block and their mode of transcriptional expression.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity11042 :: (29277(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['P-450(M-1)']


abstract: Three kinds of cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library synthesized from female @entity35 liver mRNA by cross-hybridization with the @entity11042 ) cDNA as a probe and sequenced. One clone appears to be the previously isolated @entity13234 cDNA clone with an additional 5'-untranslated and coding sequence which are lacking in the previously reported clone (Gonzalez, F. J., Kimura, S., Song, B.-J., Pastewka, J., Gelboin, H. V., and Hardwick, J. P. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10667-10672), though several @entity377 differences were seen. Another one is for @entity13233 mRNA previously isolated, and the last has an almost identical @entity377 sequence to @entity13233 (the same report cited above) except for one region of 159 base pairs where the sequence homology between the two is abruptly broken down. This nonhomologous region appears to correspond exactly to the entire eighth exon, estimated by comparison with the gene structure of the related P-450 ( @entity11042 ). This replacement in @entity13233 (ps) causes a frameshift in the open reading frame, resulting in the generation of a truncated form of P-450 with a strange replacement block and lacking the @entity1446 -binding region. This observation suggests that the mRNA whose cDNA was cloned here was produced from a recombinant gene generated by gene conversion or from alternative splicing of a cryptic exon. Sex- and age-dependent expression of the mRNAs investigated by dot blot analysis revealed that normal- and pseudo-type PB-1 mRNA were expressed in both male and female @entity35 livers, though their age-dependent expression was different in male and female animals. In addition, both the mRNAs were specifically expressed in the female brain of 8 weeks, whereas practically no expression was observed in kidney and lung of both sexes.

title: Complementary DNA cloning of cytochrome P-450s related to @entity11042 from the complementary DNA library of female @entity35 livers. Predicted primary structures for XXXX , PB-1, and PB-1-related protein with a bizarre replacement block and their mode of transcriptional expression.

answer: @entity13234 :: (29298(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['P-450f']


abstract: Three kinds of cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library synthesized from female @entity35 liver mRNA by cross-hybridization with the @entity11042 ) cDNA as a probe and sequenced. One clone appears to be the previously isolated @entity13234 cDNA clone with an additional 5'-untranslated and coding sequence which are lacking in the previously reported clone (Gonzalez, F. J., Kimura, S., Song, B.-J., Pastewka, J., Gelboin, H. V., and Hardwick, J. P. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10667-10672), though several @entity377 differences were seen. Another one is for @entity13233 mRNA previously isolated, and the last has an almost identical @entity377 sequence to @entity13233 (the same report cited above) except for one region of 159 base pairs where the sequence homology between the two is abruptly broken down. This nonhomologous region appears to correspond exactly to the entire eighth exon, estimated by comparison with the gene structure of the related P-450 ( @entity11042 ). This replacement in @entity13233 (ps) causes a frameshift in the open reading frame, resulting in the generation of a truncated form of P-450 with a strange replacement block and lacking the @entity1446 -binding region. This observation suggests that the mRNA whose cDNA was cloned here was produced from a recombinant gene generated by gene conversion or from alternative splicing of a cryptic exon. Sex- and age-dependent expression of the mRNAs investigated by dot blot analysis revealed that normal- and pseudo-type PB-1 mRNA were expressed in both male and female @entity35 livers, though their age-dependent expression was different in male and female animals. In addition, both the mRNAs were specifically expressed in the female brain of 8 weeks, whereas practically no expression was observed in kidney and lung of both sexes.

title: Complementary DNA cloning of cytochrome P-450s related to @entity11042 from the complementary DNA library of female XXXX livers. Predicted primary structures for @entity13234 , PB-1, and PB-1-related protein with a bizarre replacement block and their mode of transcriptional expression.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Little evidence exists regarding the optimum frequency or duration of follow-up for @entity1 with @entity0 . The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a risk-stratified follow-up programme. METHODS: @entity1 treated surgically for primary @entity0 from January 2000 to September 2006 were recorded on a BASO database. Follow-up was stratified according to risk of relapse as determined by the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI). @entity1 were assigned to high, moderate or low risk groups. The date of recurrence, time from primary diagnosis and site of relapse were obtained from the database. Review of case notes was used to confirm the method of detection. RESULTS: 1303 @entity1 had surgery for primary @entity0 in the study period. Median follow-up was 40 months. Overall survival rate was 96.9% (90.4% high, 97.3% moderate, 99.5% low). Disease free survival was 94.1% (84.1% high, 94.7% moderate, 98.1% low). Seventy-seven recurrences were detected with 39 (51%) in the high risk group, 27 (35%) in the moderate risk group and 11 (14%) in the low risk group. Detection rate at a scheduled appointment was 0.27% overall (low risk 0.14%, moderate risk 0.27%, high risk 0.45%). CONCLUSIONS: NPI correlates with risk of recurrent disease. Scheduled follow-up yielded few recurrences, suggesting early discharge with open access to clinics could be a safe alternative. This type of follow-up may reduce demand on specialist clinics without significantly affecting @entity1 care or overall survival.

title: Risk stratification as a means of reducing the burden of follow-up after completion of initial treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity291 exhibit a range of @entity154 , including @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity121 ( @entity121 ), @entity2981 ( @entity2981 ), trim loss (TRL) and others (OTH). These defects lower the carcass value and can result in significant economic loss to producers. We estimated the incidence, relationship with inbreeding coefficients and genetic parameters of @entity154 in Japanese Black @entity291 using 561   619 carcass records from Kagoshima, Japan during April 1988 through March 2011. The defect incidence ranged from 0.22% for TRL to 5.73% for @entity2981 . The incidence of @entity121 and @entity2981 increased from 1.21% to 6.57% and from 1.06% to 9.31%, respectively. The incidence of @entity4 peaked at 7.44% in 1999 and decreased thereafter. We observed a positive linear relationship between the defect incidence and the inbreeding coefficients in @entity121 , @entity2981 and TRL (P < 0.01). The heritabilities estimated by univariate animal model with Gibbs sampling for @entity1503 , @entity4 , @entity121 , @entity2981 and TRL were 0.24, 0.06, 0.18, 0.05 and 0.02, respectively. The contribution of farm variance to phenotypic variance was negligible (0.01 to 0.04). Significant genetic correlations of TRL were estimated with @entity121 (0.63) and @entity2981 (0.63). Our results suggest that genetic factors contribute to the incidence of @entity1503 and @entity121 .

title: Estimation of genetic parameters for @entity154 of Japanese Black XXXX in Kagoshima.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['carcass defects']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle steatosis', 'MUS']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['intramuscular edema', 'INE']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['BLS', 'blood splash']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity291 exhibit a range of @entity154 , including @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity121 ( @entity121 ), @entity2981 ( @entity2981 ), trim loss (TRL) and others (OTH). These defects lower the carcass value and can result in significant economic loss to producers. We estimated the incidence, relationship with inbreeding coefficients and genetic parameters of @entity154 in Japanese Black @entity291 using 561   619 carcass records from Kagoshima, Japan during April 1988 through March 2011. The defect incidence ranged from 0.22% for TRL to 5.73% for @entity2981 . The incidence of @entity121 and @entity2981 increased from 1.21% to 6.57% and from 1.06% to 9.31%, respectively. The incidence of @entity4 peaked at 7.44% in 1999 and decreased thereafter. We observed a positive linear relationship between the defect incidence and the inbreeding coefficients in @entity121 , @entity2981 and TRL (P < 0.01). The heritabilities estimated by univariate animal model with Gibbs sampling for @entity1503 , @entity4 , @entity121 , @entity2981 and TRL were 0.24, 0.06, 0.18, 0.05 and 0.02, respectively. The contribution of farm variance to phenotypic variance was negligible (0.01 to 0.04). Significant genetic correlations of TRL were estimated with @entity121 (0.63) and @entity2981 (0.63). Our results suggest that genetic factors contribute to the incidence of @entity1503 and @entity121 .

title: Estimation of genetic parameters for XXXX of Japanese Black @entity291 in Kagoshima.

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['carcass defects']


abstract: Do eosinophils modulate lymphocyte function? This question was studied by examining the effect of purified eosinophils (eos) on lectin-induced @entity1 lymphocyte proliferation. Intact resting or zymosan-stimulated eos or their extracts were cocultured with phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cells in vitro and @entity665 uptake was measured at 72 hr. Zymosan-stimulated eos consistently suppressed (up to 90%) the lectin-induced proliferative response by a noncytotoxic mechanism. Freeze-thaw extracts from zymosan-stimulated eos also significantly suppressed lymphocyte proliferation to a similar degree. The amount of suppression was directly proportional to the number of eos or the amount of extract added to the lymphocyte cultures. Intact resting eos and their extracts occasionally exhibited suppressive effects (up to 40%) on lymphocyte proliferation; this suppression, however, was always less than that of activated eos or their extracts. Eos pretreated with the protein synthesis inhibitor, @entity6919 , exhibited significantly less suppressive activity, suggesting that a protein was responsible in part for the reduction in proliferation. The addition of @entity224 dismutase or @entity2196 to the eos-mononuclear cell cocultures did not reduce the amount of suppression observed, thus making it unlikely that active @entity26 products were involved in the mechanism of suppression. Heating extracts from stimulated eos to 80 degrees C for 30 min resulted in partial loss of suppressive activity while extensive dialysis of the extracts had no effect. The studies reported here provide evidence that a nondialyzable and heat sensitive factor(s) produced by stimulated eos may exert feedback inhibition of lymphocyte function.

title: XXXX lymphocyte-eosinophil interactions. I. Modulation of phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation by eosinophils.

entities_list: @entity6919 :: ('MESH:D010142', 'Chemical') :: ['pactamycin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Clinical and experimental data have documented the ability of nontransmural @entity583 to produce abnormal Q waves on both the epicardial and body surfaces. We undertook this study to define the anatomic determinants of such Q wave development. Thirty @entity235 were studied before and after occlusion-reperfusion (26 @entity235 ) or latex embolization (four @entity235 ) of the left circumflex coronary artery. Occlusion was maintained for 60 to 240 min before reperfusion to produce nontransmural lesions of various sizes. Electrocardiographic data were registered from 84 torso electrodes by body surface mapping techniques before and 1 week after @entity1188 . @entity1188 size was quantitated by computer analysis of heart slices stained with @entity5045 . Six @entity235 did not develop @entity1188 . Of the remaining 24, 10 did and 14 did not develop significant changes in body surface Q wave duration and width. The incidence of Q wave changes was not different in @entity235 with nontransmural and those with transmural lesions. @entity1188 size (expressed as a percentage of the left ventricle infarcted), the percentage of endocardium subjacent to @entity1188 , the average depth of @entity39 , the percent of the four outer fifths of the ventricular wall infarcted, and the duration of occlusion were significantly (p less than .05) greater in @entity235 with than in those without Q wave changes. Logistic regression modeling demonstrated that only two anatomic parameters--percentage of left ventricle infarcted and average lesion depth--significantly and independently predicted Q wave development. A model including only these two variables accurately classified all 24 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Electrocardiographic effects of experimental nontransmural XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyl tetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The long-term behavior of @entity505 fiber ligament replacements was evaluated in @entity742 . In vitro assessments of both isolated @entity505 fiber prostheses and resected animal ligaments were performed. The right knee in 45 @entity742 was reconstructed. In 30 animals, only the medical collateral ligaments were replaced, but with different systems of anchorage to bone. In 15 animals, a combined replacement of medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament was performed. In the first group the animals were sacrificed three months postoperation, while in the latter group evaluation was performed one year after surgery. After one year the strength of the medial collateral ligament complex was higher than that of the normal @entity742 ligaments. The elasticity and extensibility were similar to those of the normal ligaments. No case of @entity397 or @entity397 of the medial collateral ligament replacements was seen, but four of 12 anterior cruciate replacements showed signs of @entity397 . In vitro testing showed that @entity397 is more likely to occur where movement occurs around a small radius of bending, and this may be a factor in these cases where the anterior cruciate ligament enters a bony tunnel at an acute angle. Histologic assessment showed good biocompatibility, similar to that reported by other authors. With an operative technique designed to increase the radius of bending where the @entity505 fiber enters bone, these ligament replacements have a fatigue strength and elasticity adequate for long-term survival.

title: In vivo and in vitro investigation of the long-term behavior and fatigue strength of XXXX fiber ligament replacement.

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'partial rupture']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the plasma level of @entity1472 -terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and related influencing factors in a community-based healthy population in Beijing area. METHODS: We measured plasma NT-proBNP level by fluoroimmunoassay between March 2012 and July 2012 from 1 034 healthy subjects (including 486 @entity1 and 548 @entity1 ). Empiric method was used to determine the reference value and influencing factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Age and gender are important factors affecting the level of NT-proBNP in healthy subjects. NT-proBNP plasma level is significantly higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 within each age strata below 75 years old, i.e. < 45, 45-54, 55-64 and 65-74 years old (P = 0.005, 0.001, 0.001, 0.011 respectively), but NT-proBNP plasma level is similar between male and female older than 75 years (P = 0.504). NT-proBNP level also increases with age irrespective of gender. Body mass index (BMI) is another independent influencing factor of NT-proBNP (P < 0.001), while estimated glomerular filtration rate is not influencing factor. The reference range of NT-proBNP is < 133 ng/L for @entity1 and < 289 ng/L for @entity1 aged < 55 years old, < 185 ng/L for @entity1 and < 333 ng/L for @entity1 aged between 55 and 64 years old, and < 465 ng/L for @entity1 and < 378 ng/L for @entity1 aged >=  75 years old. CONCLUSION: The major influencing factors of NT-proBNP level in the healthy population are age, gender and BMI. It essential to establish normal reference range of NT-proBNP according to these factors for Chinese population.

title: [Plasma XXXX -terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level and affecting factors in a community-based healthy Chinese population].

answer: @entity1472 :: (CHEBI:46882,Chemical) :: ['amino']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1985 is traditionally classified on the basis of the response to standard @entity479 treatment. Mutations in more than 24 genes have been associated with @entity1985 in @entity1 , although the great majority of @entity479 -resistant cases have been attributed to mutations in three main genes: @entity6333 , @entity21188 and @entity8587 . The aims of this study were to identify mutations in these genes more frequently reported as mutated and to characterize each variation using different in silico prediction algorithms in order to understand their biological functions. METHODS: We performed direct sequence analysis of exons 8 and 9 of @entity8587 , 8 exons of @entity21188 and 29 exons of @entity6333 , including @entity21188 and @entity6333 intron-exon boundary sequences, as well as 700  bp of the 5' UTR from both genes in 27 @entity479 -resistant @entity1 aged between 3  months and 18  years. RESULTS: Analysis of the @entity21188 gene revealed four missense mutations, one frameshift mutation and three variations in the 5' UTR. Four @entity1 presented compound heterozygosis, and four other @entity1 presented one heterozygous alteration only. @entity8587 and @entity6333 gene analysis did not reveal any mutations. DISCUSSION: This is the first study focusing on genetics of  SRNS in Brazilian @entity1 . Identification of mutations is important because it could  influence physicians' decision on @entity1 treatment, as @entity1 carrying mutations can  be spared the side effects of immunosuppressive therapy and ultimately could be  considered for kidney transplantation from a living donor. CONCLUSIONS: After molecular analysis of the genes more frequently reported as mutated in 27 @entity479 -resistant @entity1985 @entity1 , we identified @entity21188 mutations confirming the hereditary character of the @entity8 in only 14.8  % of @entity1 . Therefore, the next step is to perform a next generation sequencing based analysis of glomeluropathy-related panel of genes for the remaining @entity1 in order to search for mutations in other genes related to @entity479 -resistant @entity1985 .

title: XXXX mutations account for only 15  % of @entity1985 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity21188 :: (7827,Gene) :: ['NPHS2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1985 is traditionally classified on the basis of the response to standard @entity479 treatment. Mutations in more than 24 genes have been associated with @entity1985 in @entity1 , although the great majority of @entity479 -resistant cases have been attributed to mutations in three main genes: @entity6333 , @entity21188 and @entity8587 . The aims of this study were to identify mutations in these genes more frequently reported as mutated and to characterize each variation using different in silico prediction algorithms in order to understand their biological functions. METHODS: We performed direct sequence analysis of exons 8 and 9 of @entity8587 , 8 exons of @entity21188 and 29 exons of @entity6333 , including @entity21188 and @entity6333 intron-exon boundary sequences, as well as 700  bp of the 5' UTR from both genes in 27 @entity479 -resistant @entity1 aged between 3  months and 18  years. RESULTS: Analysis of the @entity21188 gene revealed four missense mutations, one frameshift mutation and three variations in the 5' UTR. Four @entity1 presented compound heterozygosis, and four other @entity1 presented one heterozygous alteration only. @entity8587 and @entity6333 gene analysis did not reveal any mutations. DISCUSSION: This is the first study focusing on genetics of  SRNS in Brazilian @entity1 . Identification of mutations is important because it could  influence physicians' decision on @entity1 treatment, as @entity1 carrying mutations can  be spared the side effects of immunosuppressive therapy and ultimately could be  considered for kidney transplantation from a living donor. CONCLUSIONS: After molecular analysis of the genes more frequently reported as mutated in 27 @entity479 -resistant @entity1985 @entity1 , we identified @entity21188 mutations confirming the hereditary character of the @entity8 in only 14.8  % of @entity1 . Therefore, the next step is to perform a next generation sequencing based analysis of glomeluropathy-related panel of genes for the remaining @entity1 in order to search for mutations in other genes related to @entity479 -resistant @entity1985 .

title: @entity21188 mutations account for only 15  % of XXXX cases.

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: The effect of @entity3175 on the cardiovascular @entity137 of @entity1341 was investigated in a @entity35 model. Under @entity22292 (400 mg/kg intraperitoneal) anesthesia, unilateral femoral venous and bilateral femoral arterial cannulae were placed for administration of drugs, for blood sampling, and for continuous qualitative monitoring of arterial blood pressure. Lead II ECG was continuously recorded and a tracheostomy performed to increase FIO2 by use of a "T-piece." Four groups of 24 to 36 @entity35 each were studied. All @entity35 received IV @entity1341 2 mg/kg, within 10 seconds. Group I, the control group, received only @entity1341 . Groups II and III received IV @entity3175 0.2 mg/kg, or @entity3175 vehicle in an equivalent volume, respectively. Five minutes after this pretreatment, groups II and III received IV @entity1341 2 mg/kg. Group IV was given @entity3175 , 0.2 mg/kg, 30 seconds after injection of 2 mg/kg @entity1341 . A marked respiratory and @entity520 occurred in all @entity35 but was significantly worse in groups II and III. No @entity35 in the study became hypoxemic. Serious @entity943 (ventricular or @entity4710 ) were noted in all groups, but the incidence was significantly higher in the group of @entity35 given @entity3175 pretreatment than in the other three groups. It is concluded that IV @entity3175 0.2 mg/kg given 5 minutes before administration of IV @entity1341 2 mg/kg increases the incidence of serious @entity943 . Second, this increase is not solely due to increased @entity520 , because the @entity35 receiving the vehicle (group III) developed equivalent @entity520 but did not develop increased @entity943 .

title: Does XXXX really reduce the cardiotoxic effects of intravenous @entity1341 ?

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity22292 :: ('MESH:D002697', 'Chemical') :: ['chloral hydrate']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['diazepam']


abstract: The effect of @entity3175 on the cardiovascular @entity137 of @entity1341 was investigated in a @entity35 model. Under @entity22292 (400 mg/kg intraperitoneal) anesthesia, unilateral femoral venous and bilateral femoral arterial cannulae were placed for administration of drugs, for blood sampling, and for continuous qualitative monitoring of arterial blood pressure. Lead II ECG was continuously recorded and a tracheostomy performed to increase FIO2 by use of a "T-piece." Four groups of 24 to 36 @entity35 each were studied. All @entity35 received IV @entity1341 2 mg/kg, within 10 seconds. Group I, the control group, received only @entity1341 . Groups II and III received IV @entity3175 0.2 mg/kg, or @entity3175 vehicle in an equivalent volume, respectively. Five minutes after this pretreatment, groups II and III received IV @entity1341 2 mg/kg. Group IV was given @entity3175 , 0.2 mg/kg, 30 seconds after injection of 2 mg/kg @entity1341 . A marked respiratory and @entity520 occurred in all @entity35 but was significantly worse in groups II and III. No @entity35 in the study became hypoxemic. Serious @entity943 (ventricular or @entity4710 ) were noted in all groups, but the incidence was significantly higher in the group of @entity35 given @entity3175 pretreatment than in the other three groups. It is concluded that IV @entity3175 0.2 mg/kg given 5 minutes before administration of IV @entity1341 2 mg/kg increases the incidence of serious @entity943 . Second, this increase is not solely due to increased @entity520 , because the @entity35 receiving the vehicle (group III) developed equivalent @entity520 but did not develop increased @entity943 .

title: Does @entity3175 really reduce the cardiotoxic effects of intravenous XXXX ?

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: Interaction between baroreceptors and chemoreceptors during simultaneous activation of the reflexes was studied in eight @entity4485 -anesthetized vagotomized @entity235 . The carotid sinus reflexogenic area was isolated and perfused at controlled carotid sinus pressure (CSP), @entity4095 , and PCO2. Random combinations of CSP, @entity4095 , and PCO2 were delivered to the carotid sinus. Results were analyzed by multiple linear regression. For the arterial pressure response, increasing @entity515 resulted in an upward shift of the baroreceptor reflex response curve and an increased slope of the linear portion of the curve. The heart rate-CSP curve was also shifted upward by @entity515 , with the effect being greatest at high levels of CSP. The respiratory frequency- @entity515 relationship had an increased slope and was shifted upward when CSP was decreased. The responses of tidal volume and ventilation (VE) depended on all three inputs. At any level of @entity4095 , decreasing CSP resulted in a parallel shift of the VE- @entity515 relationship. The results indicate that there is a significant interaction between chemoreceptor and baroreceptor reflex sensitivities.

title: Interaction of carotid chemoreceptor and baroreceptor reflexes in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital sodium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Little is known of the incidence of @entity6075 ( @entity6075 ) associated with facial @entity130 . To study this problem, we conducted a retrospective review of 200 consecutive admissions to the University of Michigan Medical Center Emergency Department from 1980 to 1985 for treatment of @entity174 . All @entity1 were admitted within 48 hours of injury (93% within 24 hours). Medical records were reviewed for age, sex, description, and circumstances of @entity8494 ; assessment of @entity909 and anterograde @entity2730 ; and associated intracranial or extracranial injuries. Seventy-three percent of the @entity1 were @entity1 (mean age, 27.8 years). Etiologies, in descending order, were road traffic accidents (52%), assaults (22%), sports (14%), falls (7%), other injuries (3%), and gunshot wounds (2%). The incidence rate of @entity6075 in our study was 55%. More than 90% of the @entity542 were associated with the @entity909 of less than one hour. Risk factor analysis failed to demonstrate that an increased risk of @entity6075 is associated with age, sex, or number of @entity174 . However, there was a one and one-halffold increased risk associated with @entity1 involved in automobile accidents.

title: The spectrum of closed- XXXX in facial @entity130 victims: incidence and impact.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['acute facial fractures', 'facial fractures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['closed-head injury', 'CHI']

entities_list: @entity8494 :: ('MESH:D005151', 'Disease') :: ['facial injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injuries']


abstract: Little is known of the incidence of @entity6075 ( @entity6075 ) associated with facial @entity130 . To study this problem, we conducted a retrospective review of 200 consecutive admissions to the University of Michigan Medical Center Emergency Department from 1980 to 1985 for treatment of @entity174 . All @entity1 were admitted within 48 hours of injury (93% within 24 hours). Medical records were reviewed for age, sex, description, and circumstances of @entity8494 ; assessment of @entity909 and anterograde @entity2730 ; and associated intracranial or extracranial injuries. Seventy-three percent of the @entity1 were @entity1 (mean age, 27.8 years). Etiologies, in descending order, were road traffic accidents (52%), assaults (22%), sports (14%), falls (7%), other injuries (3%), and gunshot wounds (2%). The incidence rate of @entity6075 in our study was 55%. More than 90% of the @entity542 were associated with the @entity909 of less than one hour. Risk factor analysis failed to demonstrate that an increased risk of @entity6075 is associated with age, sex, or number of @entity174 . However, there was a one and one-halffold increased risk associated with @entity1 involved in automobile accidents.

title: The spectrum of closed- @entity542 in facial XXXX victims: incidence and impact.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, is an attractive target for @entity5 therapy. We investigated the effects of @entity67443 , a small molecule inhibitor of survivin expression, on the radiosensitivity of @entity1 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cell lines and elucidated a relationship between the cellular localization of survivin and DNA double-strand break repair. METHODS: The cellular distribution of survivin was determined by Western blotting of subcellular fractions and by immunofluorescent staining in A549 @entity1149 cells. Radiation-induced DNA damage was evaluated based on histone H2AX phosphorylation and foci formation. The relationship between the cellular localization of survivin and DNA double-strand break repair was analyzed by Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitations. RESULTS: @entity67443 down-regulated survivin expression in @entity1149 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. An in vitro clonogenic survival assay revealed that @entity67443 increased the sensitivity of @entity1149 cells to radiation. After irradiation, we observed a rapid accumulation of survivin in the nucleus. An immunofluorescent analysis of histone x03B3;-H2AX demonstrated that the inhibition of survivin expression by @entity67443 resulted in impaired DNA double-strand break repair. Co-immunoprecipitation assays using nuclear extracts revealed an interaction between survivin, @entity10320 , x03B3;-H2AX, and @entity10322 . Furthermore, S2056 autophosphorylation of @entity10322 was reduced in survivin-depleted cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that @entity67443 sensitized @entity1149 cells to radiation, at least in part by inhibiting DNA repair and enhancing apoptosis via the down-regulation of survivin expression. @entity67443 pretreatment inhibited @entity10322 autophosphorylation at S2056. Nuclear survivin was involved in DNA double-strand break repair via interactions with members of the DNA double-strand break repair machinery.

title: The Mechanism of Radiosensitization by XXXX , a Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor of Survivin Expression, is Associated with DNA Damage Repair.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity67443 :: (MESH:C523798,Chemical) :: ['YM155']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examined the effects of @entity410 , heart rate recovery, and physical activity on working memory in @entity0 survivors and age-matched controls. METHOD: Using a case-control design, 32 @entity1 who had received a @entity0 and completed primary treatment within the past 36-months (11 radiation only; 21 chemotherapy) and 30 age-matched @entity1 with no previous @entity5 diagnosis completed a n-back continuous performance task commonly used as an assessment of working memory. In addition, @entity410 and heart rate recovery were measured during a submaximal graded exercise test and physical activity was measured using 7-days of accelerometer monitoring. RESULTS: Breast @entity5 survivors who had received chemotherapy had poorer heart rate recovery (p   =   .010) and engaged in less physical activity than @entity1 who had received radiation only (p   =   .004) or non- @entity5 controls (p   =   .029). Cancer treatment (radiation; chemotherapy) predicted differences in reaction times on the 1-back working memory task (p   =   .029). However, more rapid heart rate recovery predicted shorter reaction times on the 1-back task in the age-matched control group (p   =   .002). All @entity1 with greater @entity410 displayed greater accuracy independent of disease status on the 1-back task (p   =   .017). No significant group differences in reaction times were observed for 2-back target trials between @entity0 survivors and controls. However, greater total physical activity predicted shorter reaction times in @entity0 survivors (radiation, chemotherapy) on the 2-back task (p   =   .014). In addition, all @entity1 who exhibited more rapid heart rate recovery demonstrated better greater accuracy regardless of disease status (p   =   .013). CONCLUSION: These findings support differences in physical activty participation, heart rate recovery, and 1- and 2-back working memory reaction times between @entity0 survivors and age-matched controls. Greater @entity410 , heart rate recovery, and physical activity were positively associated with better working memory performance across conditions.

title: Associations Between Physical Fitness Indices and Working Memory in XXXX and Age-Matched Controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer Survivors']


abstract: The @entity17325 are a group of disorders with wide genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Recently, mutations in the @entity21280 gene, which encodes a putative @entity460 -activated @entity2865 channel belonging to the Anoctamin family of proteins, were identified in five families with one of two previously identified disorders, @entity17325 2L and @entity3986 . We screened a candidate group of 64 @entity1 from 59 British and German kindreds and found the truncating mutation, @entity73291 in exon 5 of @entity21280 in 20 @entity1 , homozygously in 15 and in compound heterozygosity with other @entity21280 variants in the rest. An intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism and an extragenic microsatellite marker are in linkage disequilibrium with the mutation, suggesting a founder effect in the Northern European population. We have further defined the clinical phenotype of @entity21280 -associated @entity3986 . @entity1 show adult onset proximal lower limb @entity425 with highly raised serum @entity908 kinase values (average 4500 IU/l) and frequent @entity2057 and asymmetry of muscle involvement. Onset varies from the early 20 s to 50 s and the @entity425 is @entity6191 progressive, with most @entity1 remaining ambulant for several decades. Distal presentation is much less common but a milder degree of distal lower limb @entity425 is often observed. Upper limb strength is only mildly affected and cardiac and respiratory function is normal. Females appear less frequently affected. In the North of England population we have identified eight @entity1 with @entity21280 mutations, suggesting a minimum prevalence of 0.27/100,000, twice as common as @entity29731 . We suggest that mutations in @entity21280 represent a relatively common cause of adult onset @entity3986 with high serum @entity908 kinase and that mutation screening, particularly of the common mutation @entity73291 , should be an early step in the diagnostic algorithm of adult @entity17325 @entity1 .

title: A founder mutation in @entity21280 is a major cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity29731 :: ('MESH:C537995', 'Disease') :: ['dysferlinopathy']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy', 'non-dysferlin Miyoshi muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['generally slowly']

entities_list: @entity17325 :: ('MESH:D049288', 'Disease') :: ['limb-girdle muscular dystrophy', 'limb-girdle muscular dystrophies']

answer: @entity17325 :: (MESH:D049288,Disease) :: ['limb-girdle muscular dystrophy']


abstract: The @entity17325 are a group of disorders with wide genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Recently, mutations in the @entity21280 gene, which encodes a putative @entity460 -activated @entity2865 channel belonging to the Anoctamin family of proteins, were identified in five families with one of two previously identified disorders, @entity17325 2L and @entity3986 . We screened a candidate group of 64 @entity1 from 59 British and German kindreds and found the truncating mutation, @entity73291 in exon 5 of @entity21280 in 20 @entity1 , homozygously in 15 and in compound heterozygosity with other @entity21280 variants in the rest. An intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism and an extragenic microsatellite marker are in linkage disequilibrium with the mutation, suggesting a founder effect in the Northern European population. We have further defined the clinical phenotype of @entity21280 -associated @entity3986 . @entity1 show adult onset proximal lower limb @entity425 with highly raised serum @entity908 kinase values (average 4500 IU/l) and frequent @entity2057 and asymmetry of muscle involvement. Onset varies from the early 20 s to 50 s and the @entity425 is @entity6191 progressive, with most @entity1 remaining ambulant for several decades. Distal presentation is much less common but a milder degree of distal lower limb @entity425 is often observed. Upper limb strength is only mildly affected and cardiac and respiratory function is normal. Females appear less frequently affected. In the North of England population we have identified eight @entity1 with @entity21280 mutations, suggesting a minimum prevalence of 0.27/100,000, twice as common as @entity29731 . We suggest that mutations in @entity21280 represent a relatively common cause of adult onset @entity3986 with high serum @entity908 kinase and that mutation screening, particularly of the common mutation @entity73291 , should be an early step in the diagnostic algorithm of adult @entity17325 @entity1 .

title: A founder mutation in XXXX is a major cause of @entity17325 .

answer: @entity21280 :: (203859,Gene) :: ['Anoctamin 5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between quality of care for surgical and @entity55 @entity1 and the racial/ethnic composition of hospitals' @entity1 . DATA SOURCE: Our primary data were surgical and @entity55 processes of care indicators from the 2012 Medicare Hospital Compare Data. We merged this data with information from the 2011 American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals. We computed the racial and ethnic composition of hospital @entity1 using 2008 data from the Healthcare Costs and Utilization Project. STUDY DESIGN: The sample included 1,198 acute care general hospitals from 11 states: AZ, CA, FL, IA, MA, @entity601 , NC, NJ, NY, WA, and WI. We compared quality across minority-serving, racially integrated, and majority-white hospitals using unconditional quantile regression models controlling for hospital and market characteristics. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We found quality differences between the lowest performing minority-serving, racially integrated, and majority-white hospitals. As we moved from 10th to 90th quantile, the quality differences between hospitals by @entity1 ' racial composition disappeared. In other words, the best minority-serving and racially integrated hospitals performed as well as the best majority hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to improve quality of care for @entity1 in minority-serving and racially integrated hospitals should focus on the lowest performers.

title: The Quality of XXXX Care in Minority-Serving and Racially Integrated Hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Surgical and Pneumonia']


abstract: We have retrospectively reviewed the charts of 34 acral @entity320 @entity1 ( @entity320 arising from the volar skin of the hands, feet or a subungual site) seen in the Auckland area between 1970 and 1985. These 34 @entity1 constituted 3.5 per cent of the total number of @entity1 (972) reviewed over this period. Six of the thirty-four @entity1 were either Polynesian or Maori. There were 19 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 , and the mean age of the group was 59 years. The @entity75 arose from the plantar or palmar skin in 25 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 had @entity75 . All lesions but one were pigmented. Most @entity1 with @entity75 presented with clinical stage 1, Clark's level 4 disease, while those with @entity75 presented most commonly with stage 2, Clark's level 5 disease. Treatment was wide local resection for plantar and @entity75 and amputation for @entity75 . Regional lymph node dissection was performed in 10 @entity1 with positive nodes at presentation and in 6 @entity1 who developed metachronous nodal disease. @entity1 were followed for between 1 and 16 years, and 18 @entity1 died in this period, 15 of @entity320 (mean time 34 months). @entity320 carried a worse prognosis than @entity320 arising in @entity272 .

title: Acral (volar-subungual) XXXX in Auckland, New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['subungual lesions', 'plantar or palmar lesions', 'palmar lesions', 'primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Subungual melanoma', 'melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['palmar or plantar skin']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE:To observe the changes of ocular fundus and to describe the image features of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in @entity1 with laser-induced @entity1020 . METHODS:Four @entity1 (4 eyes) with decreased visual acuity due to laser injury were recruited into the study between April 2002 to December 2009. All @entity1 underwent routine check-up for eyes. RESULTS:The four cases presented with different clinical characteristics from each another. In the first case, OCT showed lamella macular hole, with partially remained outer sensory retina. The signals of inner segments/outer segments (IS/OS) band and RPE band were disrupted. The choroidal band was distorted with increased reflection. Perimacular epiretinal membrane and @entity548 were also observed. The second case had a full-thickness macular hole with @entity4 surrounding the hole. The third case presented @entity1713 in macula. The fourth case presented @entity389 which indicated @entity548 . CONCLUSION:There are various patterns of laser-induced @entity1020 . OCT is a useful noninvasive diagnostic tool to delineate the layer, extent and configuration of the damage on retina.

title: [Image characters of optical coherence tomography in laser-induced XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['local serous sensory retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['retina edema']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-reflection of the inner retina in macula']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['maculopathy']


abstract: The present studies examined the patterns of circulating @entity251 (T) within 0-24 h after birth in male and female ferrets along with concomitant changes in neural aromatase activity and hypothalamic concentrations of @entity53 (E2). Plasma and brain samples were obtained 0 and 2 h (cesarean delivery) or 0, 2, 12, and 24 h (natural delivery) after birth. Plasma T levels were significantly higher in male neonates 2 h after birth than at 0 h in both cesarean-delivered (9.48 +/- 1.25 vs. 3.37 +/- 0.60 ng/ml) and naturally delivered (19.28 +/- 2.94 vs. 5.13 +/- 1.93 ng/ml) ferrets, while female neonates showed no significant changes in T over these sampling times. T levels had returned to 0 h levels by 12 h in naturally delivered males. T was significantly lower in females than in males 0, 2, and 24 h after natural delivery, whereas T levels were equivalent in males and females immediately after cesarean delivery. Male kits kept on a heating pad for 2 h after natural delivery had lower plasma T levels than males that were left with their mothers over this same period. Brain aromatase activity in anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area, @entity5702 ( @entity5702 ), temporal lobe, and cerebral cortex was equivalent in males and females at all postpartum ages, regardless of whether delivery occurred by cesarean section or naturally. However, in naturally delivered kits of both sexes significant elevations in aromatase activity occurred in @entity5702 and temporal lobe 24 h postpartum. Finally, E2 concentrations in anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area and @entity5702 were equivalent 0 and 2 h postpartum in males and females, regardless of whether they were delivered naturally or by cesarean section. The observed postnatal elevation in T may contribute to brain and behavioral sexual differentiation of male ferrets. It is unclear, however, whether such an effect of T depends on its neural aromatization to E2.

title: Effect of birth on plasma XXXX , brain aromatase activity, and hypothalamic @entity53 in male and female ferrets.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['MBH', 'medial basal hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: The present studies examined the patterns of circulating @entity251 (T) within 0-24 h after birth in male and female ferrets along with concomitant changes in neural aromatase activity and hypothalamic concentrations of @entity53 (E2). Plasma and brain samples were obtained 0 and 2 h (cesarean delivery) or 0, 2, 12, and 24 h (natural delivery) after birth. Plasma T levels were significantly higher in male neonates 2 h after birth than at 0 h in both cesarean-delivered (9.48 +/- 1.25 vs. 3.37 +/- 0.60 ng/ml) and naturally delivered (19.28 +/- 2.94 vs. 5.13 +/- 1.93 ng/ml) ferrets, while female neonates showed no significant changes in T over these sampling times. T levels had returned to 0 h levels by 12 h in naturally delivered males. T was significantly lower in females than in males 0, 2, and 24 h after natural delivery, whereas T levels were equivalent in males and females immediately after cesarean delivery. Male kits kept on a heating pad for 2 h after natural delivery had lower plasma T levels than males that were left with their mothers over this same period. Brain aromatase activity in anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area, @entity5702 ( @entity5702 ), temporal lobe, and cerebral cortex was equivalent in males and females at all postpartum ages, regardless of whether delivery occurred by cesarean section or naturally. However, in naturally delivered kits of both sexes significant elevations in aromatase activity occurred in @entity5702 and temporal lobe 24 h postpartum. Finally, E2 concentrations in anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area and @entity5702 were equivalent 0 and 2 h postpartum in males and females, regardless of whether they were delivered naturally or by cesarean section. The observed postnatal elevation in T may contribute to brain and behavioral sexual differentiation of male ferrets. It is unclear, however, whether such an effect of T depends on its neural aromatization to E2.

title: Effect of birth on plasma @entity251 , brain aromatase activity, and hypothalamic XXXX in male and female ferrets.

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the relative risk of later grade reclassification and outcomes of @entity1 in whom high volume @entity263 develops while on active surveillance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospectively maintained database was used to identify @entity1 on active surveillance between 1998 and 2013. @entity5 volume was assessed based on the number of positive cores and proportion of core involvement. The chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used for analysis as appropriate. The primary end point was the development of grade reclassification, defined as grade only and/or grade and volume at the event biopsy. RESULTS: A total of 555 @entity1 met the study inclusion criteria. Mean followup was 46 months. Overall 70 @entity1 demonstrated an increase in @entity5 volume at or after biopsy 2. Compared to those @entity1 never experiencing volume or grade reclassification, @entity1486 at diagnosis was not significantly different (p=0.95), but median prostate volume was smaller in @entity1 who demonstrated volume reclassification (p <0.001). The incidence of pure volume reclassification was 6.8%, 6.1% and 7.8% at biopsy 2, 3 and 4, respectively. @entity1 with volume reclassification were more likely to experience later grade reclassification than those without at 33.3% vs 9.3%, respectively (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: While @entity263 has a favorable natural history, it appears that @entity1 on active surveillance who experience volume reclassification are at substantially higher risk for grade reclassification. Thus, urologists should pay close attention to @entity5 core involvement, and monitoring should be adjusted accordingly for early volume reclassification in younger @entity1 and those in good health.

title: An Increase in Gleason 6 XXXX Volume While on Active Surveillance Portends a Greater Risk of Grade Reclassification with Further Followup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Gleason 6 prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']