abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity311 still remains a major health issue in Ghana despite the introduction of @entity507 -based combination therapy (ACT) coupled with other preventative measures such as the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs). The global quest for eradication of @entity311 has heightened the interest of identifying drugs that target the sexual stage of the parasite, referred to as transmission-blocking drugs. This study aimed at assessing the efficacy and gametocydal effects of some commonly used herbal @entity311 products in Ghana. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: After identifying herbal anti-malarial products frequently purchased on the Ghanaian market, ten of them were selected and lyophilized. In vitro drug sensitivity testing of different concentrations of the herbal products was carried out on asexual and in vitro generated gametocytes of the 3D7 strain of @entity3964 . The efficacies of the products were assessed by microscopy. Cultures containing low dose of @entity138 also produced the least number of late stage gametocytes. Two of the herbal products CM and @entity138 inhibited the growth of late stage gametocytes by > 80% at 100  g/ml whilst KG was the most inhibitory to early stage gametocytes at that same concentration. However at 1  g/ml, only YF significantly inhibited the survival of late stage gametocytes although at that same concentration YF barely inhibited the survival of early stage gametocytes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Herbal product @entity138 (Aloe schweinfurthii, Khaya senegalensis, Piliostigma thonningii and Cassia siamea) demonstrated properties of a highly efficacious gametocydal product. Low dose of herbal product @entity138 exhibited the highest gametocydal activity and at 100  g/ml, @entity138 exhibited >80% inhibition of late stage gametocytes. However inhibition of asexual stage parasite by @entity138 was not optimal. Improving the asexual inhibition of @entity138 could convert @entity138 into an ideal antimalarial herbal product. We also found that generally C. sanguinolenta containing herbal products exhibited gametocydal activity in addition to high asexual efficacy. Herbal products with high gametocydal activity can help in the fight to reduce @entity311 transmission.

title: Activity of Herbal Medicines on XXXX Gametocytes: Implications for @entity311 Transmission in Ghana.

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['Artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity311 still remains a major health issue in Ghana despite the introduction of @entity507 -based combination therapy (ACT) coupled with other preventative measures such as the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs). The global quest for eradication of @entity311 has heightened the interest of identifying drugs that target the sexual stage of the parasite, referred to as transmission-blocking drugs. This study aimed at assessing the efficacy and gametocydal effects of some commonly used herbal @entity311 products in Ghana. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: After identifying herbal anti-malarial products frequently purchased on the Ghanaian market, ten of them were selected and lyophilized. In vitro drug sensitivity testing of different concentrations of the herbal products was carried out on asexual and in vitro generated gametocytes of the 3D7 strain of @entity3964 . The efficacies of the products were assessed by microscopy. Cultures containing low dose of @entity138 also produced the least number of late stage gametocytes. Two of the herbal products CM and @entity138 inhibited the growth of late stage gametocytes by > 80% at 100  g/ml whilst KG was the most inhibitory to early stage gametocytes at that same concentration. However at 1  g/ml, only YF significantly inhibited the survival of late stage gametocytes although at that same concentration YF barely inhibited the survival of early stage gametocytes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Herbal product @entity138 (Aloe schweinfurthii, Khaya senegalensis, Piliostigma thonningii and Cassia siamea) demonstrated properties of a highly efficacious gametocydal product. Low dose of herbal product @entity138 exhibited the highest gametocydal activity and at 100  g/ml, @entity138 exhibited >80% inhibition of late stage gametocytes. However inhibition of asexual stage parasite by @entity138 was not optimal. Improving the asexual inhibition of @entity138 could convert @entity138 into an ideal antimalarial herbal product. We also found that generally C. sanguinolenta containing herbal products exhibited gametocydal activity in addition to high asexual efficacy. Herbal products with high gametocydal activity can help in the fight to reduce @entity311 transmission.

title: Activity of Herbal Medicines on @entity3964 Gametocytes: Implications for XXXX Transmission in Ghana.

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['Malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of intervention for unruptured @entity438 (UIAs) is safe, effective treatment. OBJECTIVE: To analyze a prospective database for variables influencing the risk of surgery to produce a risk model adjusting this risk for effectively treated @entity439 . METHODS: First, we identified variables to create a model from multiple logistic regression for complications of surgery leading to a 12-month modified Rankin Scale score >1. Second, we established the long-term cumulative incidence of freedom from retreatment or @entity397 (treated @entity439 ) from Kaplan-Meier analysis. Third, we combined these analyses to establish a model of risk of surgery per effective treatment. RESULTS: One thousand twelve @entity1 with 1440 UIA underwent 1080 craniotomies. We found that 10.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4-12.0) of craniotomies resulted in a complication leading to a modified Rankin Scale score >1 at 12 months. Logistic regression found age (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06), size (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.09-1.15), and posterior circulation location (odds ratio, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.82-4.78) to be significant. Cumulative 10-year risk of retreatment or @entity397 was 3.0% (95% CI, 1.3-7.0). The complication-effectiveness model was derived by dividing the complication risk by the 10-year cumulative freedom from retreatment or @entity397 proportion. Risk per effective treatment ranged from 1% for a 5-mm anterior circulation UIA in a 20-year-old @entity1 to 70% for a giant posterior circulation UIA in a 70-year-old @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Complication-effectiveness analyses increase the information available with regard to outcome for the management of UIAs. ABBREVIATIONS: CE, complication-effectivenessCI, confidence intervalCTA, computed tomographic angiographyDSA, digital subtraction angiographyISUIA, International Study of Unruptured Intracranial AneurysmsMRA, magnetic resonance angiographymRS, modified Rankin ScaleUIA, unruptured @entity438 .

title: Complication-Effectiveness Analysis for Unruptured XXXX Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Aneurysm']


abstract: Two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed for 22 @entity1 with @entity14087 and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) of the mitral valve to clarify the mechanism of @entity299 and @entity3585 . The long-axis view of the left ventricle showed that a distal portion of the anterior mitral leaflet became surplus when the mitral valve was closed in 15 of 16 @entity1 with @entity299 -septal contact and in four of six @entity1 without it. In these @entity1 , the mitral leaflet coaptation was displaced anteriorly, and/or the anterior leaflet was elongated, showing an anterior motion. In an unusual @entity1 with @entity299 -septal contact, a distal portion of the long posterior mitral leaflet was surplus. The remaining two @entity1 without @entity299 -septal contact had a rather widely coapted portion of the mitral leaflets. The distal surplus portion and the coapted portion of the mitral valve were displaced anteriorly prior to the onset of ejection, and moved forward and protruded into the outflow tract more rapidly and more excessively than the papillary muscles during early to mid systole in all @entity1 . Then, the distal mitral valve and the chordae tendineae adopted the configuration of an inverted V in mid systole. The tip of the surplus leaflet contacted the interventricular septum in @entity1 with @entity299 -septal contacts. In the short-axis view of the left ventricle, the central portion of the distal mitral valve moved forward excessively and bent like an inverted U during early to mid systole. Therefore, @entity299 of the distal mitral valve is thought to be caused by the hydrodynamic force generated by the ejection flow. This force is supposed to be not only due to the Venturi effect, but is more properly understood as a "pushing force". @entity3585 is considered to be formed by the protruding distal mitral valve and the hypertrophied septum.

title: [Mechanism of @entity299 and XXXX in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy].

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular outflow obstruction', 'Left ventricular outflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic anterior motion', 'SAM']

entities_list: @entity14087 :: ('MESH:C566005', 'Disease') :: ['asymmetric septal hypertrophy']

answer: @entity3585 :: (MESH:D014694,Disease) :: ['left ventricular outflow obstruction']


abstract: Two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed for 22 @entity1 with @entity14087 and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) of the mitral valve to clarify the mechanism of @entity299 and @entity3585 . The long-axis view of the left ventricle showed that a distal portion of the anterior mitral leaflet became surplus when the mitral valve was closed in 15 of 16 @entity1 with @entity299 -septal contact and in four of six @entity1 without it. In these @entity1 , the mitral leaflet coaptation was displaced anteriorly, and/or the anterior leaflet was elongated, showing an anterior motion. In an unusual @entity1 with @entity299 -septal contact, a distal portion of the long posterior mitral leaflet was surplus. The remaining two @entity1 without @entity299 -septal contact had a rather widely coapted portion of the mitral leaflets. The distal surplus portion and the coapted portion of the mitral valve were displaced anteriorly prior to the onset of ejection, and moved forward and protruded into the outflow tract more rapidly and more excessively than the papillary muscles during early to mid systole in all @entity1 . Then, the distal mitral valve and the chordae tendineae adopted the configuration of an inverted V in mid systole. The tip of the surplus leaflet contacted the interventricular septum in @entity1 with @entity299 -septal contacts. In the short-axis view of the left ventricle, the central portion of the distal mitral valve moved forward excessively and bent like an inverted U during early to mid systole. Therefore, @entity299 of the distal mitral valve is thought to be caused by the hydrodynamic force generated by the ejection flow. This force is supposed to be not only due to the Venturi effect, but is more properly understood as a "pushing force". @entity3585 is considered to be formed by the protruding distal mitral valve and the hypertrophied septum.

title: [Mechanism of XXXX and @entity3585 in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy].

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['systolic anterior motion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our main objective was to investigate the effect of preoperative oral @entity230 on @entity954 and quality of the surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Our second objective was to determine whether the @entity4421 score could be used to predict the volume of @entity954 . METHODOLOGY: This double-blinded, randomized trial included 65 @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis with @entity480 . The @entity228 group received oral @entity617 (1 mg/kg), administered to @entity1 once daily for 2 days and then tapered down, with treatment completed on the day 10. The control group received placebo before the operation. Endoscopic exams were recorded, and preoperative sinus computed tomography scans were scored. Intraoperative @entity190 was recorded. Quality of the surgical field was assessed by the surgeon, using a linear scale from 1 to 10. RESULTS: The mean @entity548 volume was 239 ml in the @entity228 group and 203 ml in control group. There was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.495). Surgical field quality scores were higher in the @entity228 group than in the control group, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.36). There was no statistically significant relationship between the @entity548 volume and Kennedy @entity4421 Scores in @entity228 group (r = 0.225, p = 0.186) and control group (r = 0.084, p = 0.663). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that using oral @entity288 , which have rare but serious side effects, is not necessary in the preoperative period. Furthermore, we found that the radiological @entity4421 score was not a suitable marker for predicting @entity954 volumes.

title: Oral XXXX and @entity954 during endoscopic sinus surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity4421 :: ('MESH:D010000', 'Disease') :: ['Osteitis', 'osteitis']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our main objective was to investigate the effect of preoperative oral @entity230 on @entity954 and quality of the surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Our second objective was to determine whether the @entity4421 score could be used to predict the volume of @entity954 . METHODOLOGY: This double-blinded, randomized trial included 65 @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis with @entity480 . The @entity228 group received oral @entity617 (1 mg/kg), administered to @entity1 once daily for 2 days and then tapered down, with treatment completed on the day 10. The control group received placebo before the operation. Endoscopic exams were recorded, and preoperative sinus computed tomography scans were scored. Intraoperative @entity190 was recorded. Quality of the surgical field was assessed by the surgeon, using a linear scale from 1 to 10. RESULTS: The mean @entity548 volume was 239 ml in the @entity228 group and 203 ml in control group. There was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.495). Surgical field quality scores were higher in the @entity228 group than in the control group, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.36). There was no statistically significant relationship between the @entity548 volume and Kennedy @entity4421 Scores in @entity228 group (r = 0.225, p = 0.186) and control group (r = 0.084, p = 0.663). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that using oral @entity288 , which have rare but serious side effects, is not necessary in the preoperative period. Furthermore, we found that the radiological @entity4421 score was not a suitable marker for predicting @entity954 volumes.

title: Oral @entity230 and XXXX during endoscopic sinus surgery.

answer: @entity954 :: (MESH:D016063,Disease) :: ['intraoperative bleeding']


abstract: The activity and properties of acid alpha-mannosidase were studied in normal granulocytes and in two types of myeloid cells from @entity1 with @entity1860 . The activity of the enzyme in @entity1778 cells was 2-fold higher than that in normal granulocytes and in morphologically matured myeloid cells. Two latter types of cells did not differ in alpha-mannosidase activity. Kinetic properties, thermo- and pH stability of alpha-mannosidase from normal and @entity1778 cells were similar. alpha-mannosidase in @entity1778 and normal cells existed in two forms (A and B), which were easily separated on @entity8851 -cellulose column. These two forms differed in molecular mass (300 and 290 kD, respectively) and in the degree of sialylation. The quantitative ratios of A and B forms in normal and @entity1778 cells were different. In normal granulocytes and in mature cells from @entity1 this ratio was 0.60 and 0.67, respectively. In @entity1778 cells the ratio was found to be 1.31. Thus, in @entity1778 cells form A of alpha-mannosidase predominanted, whereas in normal cells the predominance of form B was observed. It was suggested therefore that in @entity1778 cells the enhanced synthesis of alpha-mannosidase occurred in parallel with the accumulation of the B form. This accumulation was assumed as the cause of enhanced activity of the enzyme in immature @entity1778 cells.

title: [Acid alpha-D-mannosidase of @entity1 leukocytes in the norm and during XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: The activity and properties of acid alpha-mannosidase were studied in normal granulocytes and in two types of myeloid cells from @entity1 with @entity1860 . The activity of the enzyme in @entity1778 cells was 2-fold higher than that in normal granulocytes and in morphologically matured myeloid cells. Two latter types of cells did not differ in alpha-mannosidase activity. Kinetic properties, thermo- and pH stability of alpha-mannosidase from normal and @entity1778 cells were similar. alpha-mannosidase in @entity1778 and normal cells existed in two forms (A and B), which were easily separated on @entity8851 -cellulose column. These two forms differed in molecular mass (300 and 290 kD, respectively) and in the degree of sialylation. The quantitative ratios of A and B forms in normal and @entity1778 cells were different. In normal granulocytes and in mature cells from @entity1 this ratio was 0.60 and 0.67, respectively. In @entity1778 cells the ratio was found to be 1.31. Thus, in @entity1778 cells form A of alpha-mannosidase predominanted, whereas in normal cells the predominance of form B was observed. It was suggested therefore that in @entity1778 cells the enhanced synthesis of alpha-mannosidase occurred in parallel with the accumulation of the B form. This accumulation was assumed as the cause of enhanced activity of the enzyme in immature @entity1778 cells.

title: [Acid alpha-D-mannosidase of XXXX leukocytes in the norm and during @entity1860 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A case of @entity11807 was referred to the Dental School from the Department of Pediatrics. The @entity1 was a 24-year-old male and a product of a consanguineous marriage. His chief complaint was loose and falling teeth, which has started at the age of 16 years. The first teeth to fall out were the first permanent molars followed by mandibular and maxillary anteriors. General examination showed that the @entity1 was of normal intelligence and small for his age. He had no @entity27221 and was not @entity6 . A total of 19 teeth remained in the mouth, most of them with grade three mobility. The remaining molars and first maxillary premolars had grade three furcation involvement. Most of the teeth had periodontal pockets more than 10 mm deep. Full mouth intraoral periapical radiographs and orthopantomographic views showed severe horizontal @entity604 uncommensurate with the @entity1 's age. In view of the @entity1 's history and severe @entity604 at an early age, the diagnosis was @entity6223 associated with @entity11807 .

title: Oral findings in XXXX . A case report.

entities_list: @entity27221 :: ('MESH:C536306', 'Disease') :: ['palmar plantar hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ["fanconi's anemia", "Fanconi's anemia"]

answer: @entity11807 :: (MESH:D005199,Disease) :: ['Fanconi's anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over 550,000 @entity50 surgeries are performed annually in the United States on @entity1 with @entity102 ( @entity102 ). Although the results of @entity50 surgery vary widely, no known genetic factor has been identified to predict surgical outcomes. The bitter taste receptor @entity15179 has recently been demonstrated to regulate upper airway innate defense and may affect @entity1 responses to therapy. Our goal was to determine whether @entity15179 genetics predicts outcomes in @entity102 @entity1 following @entity50 surgery. METHODS: A prospective study of @entity1 undergoing @entity50 surgery evaluating postoperative outcomes through the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). @entity1 were genotyped for @entity15179 . RESULTS: A total of 123 @entity1 with @entity102 were initially analyzed; 82 @entity1 showed @entity480 (CRSwNP) and 41 @entity1 were without @entity480 (CRSsNP). Six months after surgery, the overall SNOT-22 improvement was 25    23 points. The @entity15179 genotype was found to significantly correlate with surgical outcomes in @entity1 without @entity1127 ; homozygotes for the functional receptor had a mean improvement of 38    21, whereas heterozygotes or homozygotes for the nonfunctional receptor had a mean improvement of 12    22 (p = 0.006). This result was confirmed with a multivariate regression that incorporated further @entity1 with 1-month and 3-month scores (n = 207). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 undergoing @entity50 surgery for @entity102 , we have identified a genetic polymorphism that predicts variability in quality of life improvement following surgery at 6 months in nonpolypoid @entity102 . This is the first genetic polymorphism identified that has demonstrated to predict surgical outcome for a select group of @entity102 @entity1 .

title: @entity15179 genotype predicts surgical outcome in nonpolypoid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over 550,000 @entity50 surgeries are performed annually in the United States on @entity1 with @entity102 ( @entity102 ). Although the results of @entity50 surgery vary widely, no known genetic factor has been identified to predict surgical outcomes. The bitter taste receptor @entity15179 has recently been demonstrated to regulate upper airway innate defense and may affect @entity1 responses to therapy. Our goal was to determine whether @entity15179 genetics predicts outcomes in @entity102 @entity1 following @entity50 surgery. METHODS: A prospective study of @entity1 undergoing @entity50 surgery evaluating postoperative outcomes through the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). @entity1 were genotyped for @entity15179 . RESULTS: A total of 123 @entity1 with @entity102 were initially analyzed; 82 @entity1 showed @entity480 (CRSwNP) and 41 @entity1 were without @entity480 (CRSsNP). Six months after surgery, the overall SNOT-22 improvement was 25    23 points. The @entity15179 genotype was found to significantly correlate with surgical outcomes in @entity1 without @entity1127 ; homozygotes for the functional receptor had a mean improvement of 38    21, whereas heterozygotes or homozygotes for the nonfunctional receptor had a mean improvement of 12    22 (p = 0.006). This result was confirmed with a multivariate regression that incorporated further @entity1 with 1-month and 3-month scores (n = 207). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 undergoing @entity50 surgery for @entity102 , we have identified a genetic polymorphism that predicts variability in quality of life improvement following surgery at 6 months in nonpolypoid @entity102 . This is the first genetic polymorphism identified that has demonstrated to predict surgical outcome for a select group of @entity102 @entity1 .

title: XXXX genotype predicts surgical outcome in nonpolypoid @entity102 .

answer: @entity15179 :: (5726,Gene) :: ['TAS2R38']


abstract: Importance: In strabismus, the fixating eye conveys the direction of gaze while the fellow eye points at a peripheral location in space. The stability of the eyes may be reduced by the absence of a common target. Objective: To quantify the stability of eye position in strabismus and to measure variability in the @entity2194 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : From 2010 to 2014, a prospective comparative case study of 25 @entity1 with alternating exotropia with normal visual acuity in each eye and 25 control individuals was conducted in a laboratory at a tertiary eye center. A video eye tracker was used to measure the position of each eye while @entity1 alternated fixation on the center of a cross under dichoptic conditions or scanned pictures of natural scenes. Main Outcomes and Measures: Spatial and temporal variability in the position of the fixating eye and the nonfixating eye in @entity1 with strabismus and control individuals, quantified by the log area of @entity7085 containing 95% of eye positions or mean SDs of eye position. Results: In the 25 @entity1 with strabismus, the mean (SD) age was 28 (14) years (range, 8-55 years) and the mean (SD) @entity2194 was 14.2   (5.9  ) (range, 4.4  -22.4  ). In the @entity1 with strabismus, the mean position variability (1.80 log units; 95% CI, 1.66-1.93) for the deviating eye was greater than for the fixating eye (1.26 log units; 95% CI, 1.17-1.35) (P   <   .001). The fixating eye of @entity1 with strabismus was more variable in position than the fixating eye of individuals without strabismus (0.98 log units; 95% CI, 0.88-1.08) (P   <   .005). Conclusions and Relevance: In @entity1 with strabismus, even without @entity4457 , the deviated eye is more variable in position than the fixating eye. Both eyes are less stable in position than the eyes of control individuals, which indicates that strabismus impairs the ability to fixate targets steadily. Saccades contribute to variability of the deviation angle because they are less conjugate in @entity1 with strabismus.

title: Variability of XXXX in Strabismus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular deviation']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Ocular Deviation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tools used in the assessment of @entity2685 ( @entity2685 ) have traditionally included electrodiagnostic studies, CT myelography, and MRI. However, the utility of ultrasound (US) in @entity1 for such assessment has not been extensively examined. METHODS: This retrospective case series reports the pre-operative brachial plexus US findings in 8 @entity1 with @entity2685 and compares US to intra-operative findings. Where available, the pre-operative US was compared to the pre-operative MRI. RESULTS: US revealed abnormalities in all 8 @entity1 . While MRI detected abnormalities in the majority of @entity1 , US provided accurate information regarding severity and anatomic location of injury in some @entity1 . DISCUSSION: US is a relatively inexpensive, noninvasive, painless diagnostic modality that can be used to assess @entity2685 . This case series suggests that US is a valuable adjunct to current diagnostic modalities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Assessment of Obstetric XXXX with Pre-Operative Ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['OBPI', 'obstetric brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['Brachial Plexus Injury']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical features of @entity4266 , a recently described clinical entity characterized by RV myopathic changes and @entity1165 of @entity714 morphology. Five cases were reported, in which the diagnosis was established according to the criteria of Marcus. Case 1, a 33-year-old @entity1 , was referred to us for evaluation of his paroxysmal @entity1165 of five years duration. Case 2, a 38-year-old @entity1 , was admitted because of shock caused by @entity1165 . In both cases, the QRS configurations during @entity1165 were those of the @entity714 pattern, and electrocardiograms during sinus rhythm showed T wave inversions in the right precordial leads and late ventricular potentials. Two-dimensional echocardiography, radionuclide angiography and contrast angiography disclosed @entity1001 with normal left ventricular (LV) function. The biopsied myocardium from the right and left ventricles in Case 2 revealed myocytolysis, a paucity of myofibrils and proliferation of collagen fibers. Case 3, a 73-year-old @entity1 began to experience exertional @entity1353 since 16 years of age. Her treatment consisted of bed rest, diuretics and digitalis. In December 1983, her New York Heart Association functional class was III, and physical examinations disclosed a Levine III/VI systolic murmur suggestive of @entity997 , jugular vein dilatation, @entity382 , and pretibial @entity4 . Electrocardiogram showed @entity955 , incomplete @entity714 and T wave inversions in the precordial leads. Chest radiograph revealed marked @entity1283 (cardiothoracic ratio of 92%). Echocardiography, radionuclide angiography and contrast angiography revealed marked @entity1001 , depressed ejection fraction (RV end-diastolic volume index of 342 ml/m2, and RV ejection fraction of 28%). Case 4, a 20-year-old @entity1 , was admitted with a chief complaint of palpitation. Case 5, a 19-year-old @entity1 , was referred to us for the evaluation of asymptomatic @entity1283 , and his cardiothoracic ratio was 54%. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showed @entity714 and T wave inversions in the right precordial leads. Ambulatory electrocardiography revealed frequent premature ventricular complexes of the @entity714 pattern. Echocardiography, radionuclide angiography, and contrast angiography disclosed @entity1001 in both cases, and mild @entity5988 and dysfunction (LV end-diastolic volume index of 149 ml/m2, LV ejection fraction of 48%) in Case 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Right ventricular dysplasia: clinical characteristics of five XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilatation']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block', 'right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['RV dilatation', 'RV dilatation and dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular (RV) dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Behavioral responses of Marthasterias glacialis to low molecular compounds were studied under laboratory conditions. Feeding postures, stomach eversions and locomotion of initially inactive animals can be released with very dilute solutions of @entity880 , neutral 2 and 3 @entity505 @entity1522 , L isomers of 4 to 6 @entity505 neutral @entity1522 , @entity534 , @entity934 , and several of their analogues. Hunger was induced by temporary withdrawal of food. Responsiveness to feeding stimuli was controlled with @entity462 and @entity4307 . The lowest behavioral thresholds for the most effective feeding stimuli were 3 X 10(-11) mol/l for both enantiomers of @entity880 , 10(-8) mol/l for @entity10653 and both enantiomers of @entity462 and 10(-7) mol/l for @entity934 and some of the effective neutral @entity1522 . The behavioral threshold values for chemical stimuli differed by a factor between 30 and 100 in different sea stars. The test concentration was 3 X 10(-7) mol/l, the level at which @entity462 elicited a complete feeding response from all the animals. Structure-activity comparison of substances less effective than the control stimulus was thus possible. The behavioral threshold of fully effective substances was determined later. The independence of receptor mechanisms for different substances can be inferred as: @entity462 controlled responsiveness is not always accompanied by responsiveness to neutral @entity1522 . Autotomized marthasterias arms crawled after stimulation with @entity880 , @entity462 , and @entity934 but did not respond to the feeding stimuli betaine and @entity10653 . An animal became inactive if electric shocks were paired with @entity10653 or @entity462 emanating from an 'electric' food model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Behavioral study of chemoreception in the sea star Marthasterias glacialis: structure-activity relationships of @entity880 , XXXX , and @entity934 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine', 'L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity4307 :: ('CHEBI:15603', 'Chemical') :: ['L-leucine']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine iodide']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: Behavioral responses of Marthasterias glacialis to low molecular compounds were studied under laboratory conditions. Feeding postures, stomach eversions and locomotion of initially inactive animals can be released with very dilute solutions of @entity880 , neutral 2 and 3 @entity505 @entity1522 , L isomers of 4 to 6 @entity505 neutral @entity1522 , @entity534 , @entity934 , and several of their analogues. Hunger was induced by temporary withdrawal of food. Responsiveness to feeding stimuli was controlled with @entity462 and @entity4307 . The lowest behavioral thresholds for the most effective feeding stimuli were 3 X 10(-11) mol/l for both enantiomers of @entity880 , 10(-8) mol/l for @entity10653 and both enantiomers of @entity462 and 10(-7) mol/l for @entity934 and some of the effective neutral @entity1522 . The behavioral threshold values for chemical stimuli differed by a factor between 30 and 100 in different sea stars. The test concentration was 3 X 10(-7) mol/l, the level at which @entity462 elicited a complete feeding response from all the animals. Structure-activity comparison of substances less effective than the control stimulus was thus possible. The behavioral threshold of fully effective substances was determined later. The independence of receptor mechanisms for different substances can be inferred as: @entity462 controlled responsiveness is not always accompanied by responsiveness to neutral @entity1522 . Autotomized marthasterias arms crawled after stimulation with @entity880 , @entity462 , and @entity934 but did not respond to the feeding stimuli betaine and @entity10653 . An animal became inactive if electric shocks were paired with @entity10653 or @entity462 emanating from an 'electric' food model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Behavioral study of chemoreception in the sea star Marthasterias glacialis: structure-activity relationships of @entity880 , @entity1522 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: Behavioral responses of Marthasterias glacialis to low molecular compounds were studied under laboratory conditions. Feeding postures, stomach eversions and locomotion of initially inactive animals can be released with very dilute solutions of @entity880 , neutral 2 and 3 @entity505 @entity1522 , L isomers of 4 to 6 @entity505 neutral @entity1522 , @entity534 , @entity934 , and several of their analogues. Hunger was induced by temporary withdrawal of food. Responsiveness to feeding stimuli was controlled with @entity462 and @entity4307 . The lowest behavioral thresholds for the most effective feeding stimuli were 3 X 10(-11) mol/l for both enantiomers of @entity880 , 10(-8) mol/l for @entity10653 and both enantiomers of @entity462 and 10(-7) mol/l for @entity934 and some of the effective neutral @entity1522 . The behavioral threshold values for chemical stimuli differed by a factor between 30 and 100 in different sea stars. The test concentration was 3 X 10(-7) mol/l, the level at which @entity462 elicited a complete feeding response from all the animals. Structure-activity comparison of substances less effective than the control stimulus was thus possible. The behavioral threshold of fully effective substances was determined later. The independence of receptor mechanisms for different substances can be inferred as: @entity462 controlled responsiveness is not always accompanied by responsiveness to neutral @entity1522 . Autotomized marthasterias arms crawled after stimulation with @entity880 , @entity462 , and @entity934 but did not respond to the feeding stimuli betaine and @entity10653 . An animal became inactive if electric shocks were paired with @entity10653 or @entity462 emanating from an 'electric' food model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Behavioral study of chemoreception in the sea star Marthasterias glacialis: structure-activity relationships of XXXX , @entity1522 , and @entity934 .

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A pilot study of an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on a sample of @entity1643 @entity1 was conducted in order to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention as well as changes in an EEG pattern called thalamocortical @entity943 which is associated with @entity1118 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 22 @entity1 with @entity1643 participated in an MBSR program. Effect sizes were measured for psychological functioning, @entity158 severity, and quality of life. Furthermore, 4 parameters of the EEG power spectral density were assessed. RESULTS: Medium size effect sizes were found for health-related quality of life (EQ-5D, VAS, d = 0.43, p = 0.02; SF-12, psychological functioning, d = 0.50, p = 0.05), health-related life satisfaction (questions on life satisfaction d = 0.69, p = 0.01), @entity308 (HADS, d = 0.48, p = 0.04, Brief Symptom Inventory d = 0.41, p = 0.04), and affective @entity158 perception ( @entity158 perception scale d = 0.50, p = 0.04). The most relevant @entity158 severity measurements improved in the range of d = 0.45-0.75 (p = 0.01-0.24). EEG analyses revealed no differences between the pre- and post-intervention. CONCLUSION: MBSR is a feasible intervention for @entity1 with @entity1643 . They benefit from medium size effects which are comparable to similar behavioral interventions. Randomized controlled trials are needed in order to determine the specificity of these benefits.

title: Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) as Treatment for Chronic Back Pain - an Observational Study with Assessment of Thalamocortical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Dysrhythmia']


abstract: The clinical and pathological features of 25 serous @entity18660 of borderline @entity5 of the broad ligament were analyzed. The ages of the @entity1 ranged from 19 to 67 (average, 32) years. The clinical presentation was lower @entity490 , @entity2371 or both in five cases, accompanied by menometrorrhagia or @entity2588 in three cases. One @entity1 was thought to have an acute @entity74 . The @entity5 of the remaining 19 @entity1 were discovered either on routine gynecological examination or during an evaluation of the pregnancy status of the @entity1 . In 14 cases the @entity5 was located in the left broad ligament and in 11 cases it was on the right side; all the @entity5 were entirely separated from the ipsilateral ovary. On gross examination the @entity5 were 1-13 cm in greatest dimension, had smooth outer surfaces, and contained straw-colored, watery fluid. The inner lining bore single or multiple 0.3-2.5 cm excrescences. Microscopic examination revealed that the cyst walls and their excrescences were lined by simple to pseudostratified, cuboidal to columnar, focally ciliated epithelium. Slight nuclear atypism, very rare mitotic activity, and focal psammoma body formation were also found. The stroma resembled @entity43 but no primary follicles or follicular derivatives were identified. Twenty-three of the @entity1 were alive and well from 0.5 to 11 years after excision of the @entity5 , one @entity1 was disease-free for 8.5 years but died of an open-heart surgical procedure; and two @entity1 were lost to follow-up examination.

title: Serous @entity18660 of borderline XXXX of broad ligament. A report of 25 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian stroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity18660 :: ('MESH:D018292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary cystadenomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal disorder']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: The clinical and pathological features of 25 serous @entity18660 of borderline @entity5 of the broad ligament were analyzed. The ages of the @entity1 ranged from 19 to 67 (average, 32) years. The clinical presentation was lower @entity490 , @entity2371 or both in five cases, accompanied by menometrorrhagia or @entity2588 in three cases. One @entity1 was thought to have an acute @entity74 . The @entity5 of the remaining 19 @entity1 were discovered either on routine gynecological examination or during an evaluation of the pregnancy status of the @entity1 . In 14 cases the @entity5 was located in the left broad ligament and in 11 cases it was on the right side; all the @entity5 were entirely separated from the ipsilateral ovary. On gross examination the @entity5 were 1-13 cm in greatest dimension, had smooth outer surfaces, and contained straw-colored, watery fluid. The inner lining bore single or multiple 0.3-2.5 cm excrescences. Microscopic examination revealed that the cyst walls and their excrescences were lined by simple to pseudostratified, cuboidal to columnar, focally ciliated epithelium. Slight nuclear atypism, very rare mitotic activity, and focal psammoma body formation were also found. The stroma resembled @entity43 but no primary follicles or follicular derivatives were identified. Twenty-three of the @entity1 were alive and well from 0.5 to 11 years after excision of the @entity5 , one @entity1 was disease-free for 8.5 years but died of an open-heart surgical procedure; and two @entity1 were lost to follow-up examination.

title: Serous XXXX of borderline @entity5 of broad ligament. A report of 25 cases.

answer: @entity18660 :: (MESH:D018292,Disease) :: ['papillary cystadenoma']


abstract: @entity13277 is a rare @entity465 , due to defective granulocyte activity. The syndrome is characterized by large inclusion bodies in the leukocytes, @entity4068 , @entity3917 , @entity346 , and recurrent infections. Some @entity1 develop @entity828 , @entity3329 , @entity3043 and widespread organ infiltrates with mononucleated cells. This phase is called "accelerated (or @entity706 ) phase". A 5 years old @entity1 with C.H.S. in accelerated phase received initially medical treatment without improvement. A splenectomy was performed to remove the @entity6118 and the mechanical compression of the spleen on the gut. Few days after the splenectomy the fever and the @entity3043 disappeared. The pathological examination of the spleen showed multiple intraparenchymal abscesses. Unfortunately, six months after the operation, she died after an acute episode of @entity55 , with normal hematological pattern. The splenectomy may play a role in the "accelerated phase" of C.H.S., but new treatments (bone marrow transplantation) are necessary to remove the basic disease.

title: [Role of splenectomy in XXXX in its accelerated phase].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity13277 :: ('MESH:D002609', 'Disease') :: ['Chediak-Higashi (C.H.S.) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity13277 :: (MESH:D002609,Disease) :: ['Chediak-Higashi syndrome']


abstract: The 2nd Hj  rring Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study, comprised 94% of the 463 three-year-old @entity1 residing in the municipality. Among this cohort we found 40 @entity1 (9%) who had constant signs of @entity2171 ( @entity2171 ), in one or both ears, at 4 examinations in the course of 6 months. Five years later, 12 of the @entity1 who had previously had long-lasting @entity2171 had left the municipality. At the age of 8 years the entire cohort had a Silent Reading Word Test (OS-400). Six months later, the 26 @entity1 with long-lasting @entity2171 who were still residing in the municipality and 26 control @entity1 were tested with the Revised Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the verbal part of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for @entity1 (WISC) test. The controls were matched by sex, age, school, grade level, and controlled for classroom and social stratum. The @entity1 with long-lasting @entity2171 did not score lower than the control @entity1 on the 3 tests. In a separate analysis @entity1 with long-lasting bilateral @entity2171 did not score lower than their controls. On the WISC and PPVT-R tests the variability in the case group was greater than in the control group. More comprehensive and varied studies seem needed to elucidate the relationship between language development and @entity2171 .

title: XXXX media and language development: a six-year follow-up study with case-control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['SOM', 'secretory otitis media']

answer: @entity2171 :: (MESH:D010034,Disease) :: ['Secretory otitis']


abstract: This study compared the @entity26 uptake ( @entity4962 ) and running velocity at which the @entity880 threshold (LT), the @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ), and the maximal @entity880 steady state (MSSLA), and the maximal @entity4962 steady state (MSSVO2) occurred in 11 trained male runners (mean age = 22.4 years, range 18-28 years). Each underwent an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion. The LT was defined by a systematic, continuous increase in arterialised venous blood @entity880 ; the @entity1576 was determined by an abrupt rise in VE. @entity4962 (-1) without an increase in VE.VCO2(-1). Each subject also completed a series of steady state treadmill runs of 20 minutes duration. The MSSLA was determined as the highest velocity and @entity4962 at which @entity880 concentration increased by less than 0.2 mmol.l-1 from minute 10 to minute 20. The MSSVO2 was determined as the highest velocity or @entity4962 at which a steady state in @entity4962 was not delayed for more than 3 minutes (with a steady state defined as @entity4962 within 0.2 l.min-1 of the average @entity4962 over the last 10 minutes of each test). Each subject also completed a 5 km time trial run to assess performance. No significant differences were found among the four variables expressed either as @entity4962 or velocity. Significant correlations were found between MSSLA and MSSVO2 (r = 0.74) expressed as @entity4962 , and between MSSLA and MSSVO2 (r = 0.90), MSSVO2 and @entity1576 (r = 0.70) and MSSLA and @entity1576 (r = 0.67) expressed as velocity. A stepwise regression analysis found MSSLA (expressed as velocity) to be the best predictor of 5 km performance (r = 0.87). It was concluded that (a) MSSLA and MSSVO2 are closely related, and (b) MSSLA is a good predictor of performance and may be an important, objective measure of cardiorespiratory endurance capacity.

title: XXXX and gas exchange responses to incremental and steady state running.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventilatory threshold']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['Lactate']


abstract: Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of multiparametric pancreatic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, including the T2*-corrected Dixon technique and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging, in the quantification of @entity788 and @entity82 , with histologic analysis as the reference standard, and to determine the relationship between MR parameters and @entity3472 . Materials and Methods This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and the informed consent requirement was waived. A total of 165 @entity1 (93 @entity1 , 72 @entity1 ; mean age, 62 years) underwent preoperative 3-T MR imaging and subsequent pancreatectomy (interval, 0-77 days). Fat fractions, IVIM DW imaging parameters (true diffusion coefficient [D], pseudodiffusion coefficient [D*], and perfusion fraction [f]), pancreas-to-muscle signal intensity ratios on unenhanced T1-weighted images, and pancreatic duct sizes were compared with the fat fractions and @entity82 degrees (F0-F3) of specimens. In 95 @entity1 who underwent pancreatoenteric @entity254 , MR parameters were compared between groups with clinically relevant @entity3472 and those without. The relationship between @entity3472 and MR parameters was evaluated by using logistic regression analysis. Results Fat fractions at MR imaging showed a moderate relationship with histologic findings (r = 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.63, 0.78). @entity1 with advanced @entity82 (F2-F3) had lower D*([39.72    13.64] *10(-3)mm(2)/sec vs [32.50    13.09] *10(-3)mm(2)/sec [mean    standard deviation], P = .004), f (29.77%    8.51 vs 20.82%    8.66, P < .001), and unenhanced T1-weighted signal intensity ratio (1.43    0.26 vs 1.21    0.30, P < .001) than did @entity1 with F0-F1 disease. Clinically relevant @entity292 developed in 14 (15%) of 95 @entity1 , and f was significantly associated with @entity3472 (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.30). Conclusion Multiparametric MR imaging of the pancreas, including imaging with the T2*-corrected Dixon technique and IVIM DW imaging, may yield quantitative information regarding @entity788 and @entity82 , and f was shown to be significantly associated with postoperative @entity3472 . (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: XXXX and @entity82 : Quantitative Assessment with Preoperative Multiparametric MR Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistulas', 'postoperative pancreatic fistula']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Steatosis']


abstract: Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of multiparametric pancreatic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, including the T2*-corrected Dixon technique and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging, in the quantification of @entity788 and @entity82 , with histologic analysis as the reference standard, and to determine the relationship between MR parameters and @entity3472 . Materials and Methods This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and the informed consent requirement was waived. A total of 165 @entity1 (93 @entity1 , 72 @entity1 ; mean age, 62 years) underwent preoperative 3-T MR imaging and subsequent pancreatectomy (interval, 0-77 days). Fat fractions, IVIM DW imaging parameters (true diffusion coefficient [D], pseudodiffusion coefficient [D*], and perfusion fraction [f]), pancreas-to-muscle signal intensity ratios on unenhanced T1-weighted images, and pancreatic duct sizes were compared with the fat fractions and @entity82 degrees (F0-F3) of specimens. In 95 @entity1 who underwent pancreatoenteric @entity254 , MR parameters were compared between groups with clinically relevant @entity3472 and those without. The relationship between @entity3472 and MR parameters was evaluated by using logistic regression analysis. Results Fat fractions at MR imaging showed a moderate relationship with histologic findings (r = 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.63, 0.78). @entity1 with advanced @entity82 (F2-F3) had lower D*([39.72    13.64] *10(-3)mm(2)/sec vs [32.50    13.09] *10(-3)mm(2)/sec [mean    standard deviation], P = .004), f (29.77%    8.51 vs 20.82%    8.66, P < .001), and unenhanced T1-weighted signal intensity ratio (1.43    0.26 vs 1.21    0.30, P < .001) than did @entity1 with F0-F1 disease. Clinically relevant @entity292 developed in 14 (15%) of 95 @entity1 , and f was significantly associated with @entity3472 (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.30). Conclusion Multiparametric MR imaging of the pancreas, including imaging with the T2*-corrected Dixon technique and IVIM DW imaging, may yield quantitative information regarding @entity788 and @entity82 , and f was shown to be significantly associated with postoperative @entity3472 . (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: @entity788 and XXXX : Quantitative Assessment with Preoperative Multiparametric MR Imaging.

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Fibrosis']


abstract: Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is indicated for IgG replacement in antibody deficiency syndromes and as immunoregulatory therapy in some @entity792 . Two case histories illustrate both aspects of IVIG therapy. 1. @entity1 1 is a 24-year-old male with @entity7893 . He was successively treated with monthly IMIG, paternal plasma, and then over the last 5 years, IVIG. On IgG doses of 250 mg/kg q/4 weeks, IgG trough levels remained below 200 mg IgG/dl. IgG half-life was reduced. Although asymptomatic for prolonged periods of time, he eventually developed clinically evident @entity29 . Optimal IVIG replacement therapy requires normal IgG half-life and adequate IgG trough levels. 2. @entity1 2 is a 12-year-old @entity1 with @entity1398 , recurrent @entity272 , and @entity13570 unresponsive to antibiotics and to @entity134 therapy. IVIG at a dose of 3,000 mg/IgG/kg over 3 days significantly increased her neutrophil count. Subsequently, she has required 1,000 mg/kg of IVIG q/4 weeks for maintenance. Antineutrophil autoantibodies have persisted. There is synergism of IVIG with high doses of corticosteroids. The mechanism of action of IVIG seems to involve a blockage of the RES system. IVIG therapy is safe even at high doses for most @entity1 . However, anaphylactic reactions have been observed in @entity7491 @entity1 with IgE anti-IgA antibodies. The full spectrum of therapeutic applications of IVIG is still being explored. For some @entity1 self-infusion of IVIG at home is an appealing treatment alternative.

title: Clinical uses of intravenous immune globulin: immunoglobulin replacement therapy and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity7491 :: ('MESH:D017098', 'Disease') :: ['IgA-deficient']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['agammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infections']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune cytopenias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) are a group of @entity245 . Recent studies suggested that @entity460 channel genes might be involved in the genetic etiology of @entity72 . @entity10598 , encoding an alpha-1 subunit of voltage-gated @entity460 channel, has been reported to play an important role in neural development. Previous study detected that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in @entity10598 confers risk to @entity72 in Central European population. However, the genetic relationship between @entity2438 and @entity10598 in Chinese Han population remains unclear. To explore the association of @entity10598 with @entity2438 , we performed a family-based association study. First, we carried out a family-based association test between twelve tagged SNPs and @entity2438 in 239 trios. To further confirm the association, the sample size was expanded to 553 trios by recruiting 314 additional trios. In a total of 553 trios, we identified association of @entity73308 and @entity73309 with @entity2438 though this would not survive after Bonferroni correction. Our findings suggest that @entity10598 might play a role in the etiology of @entity2438 .

title: Genetic Evidence for Possible Involvement of the @entity460 Channel Gene XXXX in Autism Pathogenesis in Chinese Han Population.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'Autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity10598 :: (773,Gene) :: ['CACNA1A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) are a group of @entity245 . Recent studies suggested that @entity460 channel genes might be involved in the genetic etiology of @entity72 . @entity10598 , encoding an alpha-1 subunit of voltage-gated @entity460 channel, has been reported to play an important role in neural development. Previous study detected that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in @entity10598 confers risk to @entity72 in Central European population. However, the genetic relationship between @entity2438 and @entity10598 in Chinese Han population remains unclear. To explore the association of @entity10598 with @entity2438 , we performed a family-based association study. First, we carried out a family-based association test between twelve tagged SNPs and @entity2438 in 239 trios. To further confirm the association, the sample size was expanded to 553 trios by recruiting 314 additional trios. In a total of 553 trios, we identified association of @entity73308 and @entity73309 with @entity2438 though this would not survive after Bonferroni correction. Our findings suggest that @entity10598 might play a role in the etiology of @entity2438 .

title: Genetic Evidence for Possible Involvement of the XXXX Channel Gene @entity10598 in Autism Pathogenesis in Chinese Han Population.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: 138 advanced @entity43 --all FIGO stages III/IV--were investigated by prognostic morphological @entity5 grading and rate of psammomabody content--subdivided in to @entity189 with a high, a moderate and a low rate of psammomabodies and a group of @entity189 without psammomabodies. Additionally 91 of these @entity5 were examined by DNA-flow-cytometry--respectively DNA-ploidy and s-phase-fraction. All prognostic factors were correlated to the overall survival time. The psammomabody content factor is only important if histologically a high or moderate rate of psammomabodies is found in the @entity5 tissue. Tumours with a low rate of psammomabodies do not differ from @entity5 without psammomabodies. DNA-flow-cytometry is a qualified method to demonstrate a slow @entity5 growth tendency. The majority of @entity189 with a high rate of psammomabodies is DNA-diploid and has a low -phase-fraction. The overall survival rate for these @entity5 is much better. @entity5 grading--a more subjective method--is also of high value, but there is a certain difficulty in reproducing the results in individual cases. By the combination of the two morphological methods--semiquantitative assessment of psammomabodies and DNA-flow-cytometry--we were able to discover a small group of @entity1 with advanced @entity43 who have a favourable prognosis.

title: Psammomabody content and DNA-flow cytometric results as prognostic factors in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinoma', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['factors like tumour', 'Tumour', 'serous tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) is a debilitating renal problem in @entity1 resulting from an interaction between environmental and genetic factors including human leukocyte antigen genes (HLA). The aim of this work was to study the probable link between HLA alleles/haplotypes and @entity1985 in south India. METHODS: @entity1533 */ @entity3098 * alleles were genotyped in 183 @entity1985 (76 @entity479 sensitive-SSNS; 107 @entity479 resistant-SRNS) and pediatric healthy controls (PHCs; n, 91) using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). -A/-B genotyping was performed for @entity1 (n, 70) positive for @entity1533 *07- @entity3098 *02 haplotype to identify four locus extended haplotype. RESULTS: The following alleles and haplotypes were strongly associated with @entity1985 (p   <   0.05 as significant): @entity1533 *07 (SSNS, p   <   7.98   *   10(-6) ; SRNS, p   <   0.008), @entity3098 *02 (SSNS, p   <   3.99   *   10(-6) ; SRNS, p   <   0.002), @entity1533 *07- @entity3098 *02 (SSNS, p   <   1.32   *   10(-4) ; SRNS, p   <   0.010), @entity1533 *07- @entity3098 *03 (SSNS, p   <   0.001) and @entity1533 *03- @entity3098 *02 (SRNS, p   <   0.048). Protective associations were observed for alleles @entity1533 *10 (SRNS, p   <   0.013), @entity3098 *05 (SSNS, p   <   4.34   *   10(-6) ; SRNS, p   <   0.01), @entity3098 *06 (SSNS, p   <   0.003), and haplotypes @entity1533 *10- @entity3098 *06 (SSNS, p   <   0.046; SRNS, p   <   0.032) and @entity1533 *15- @entity3098 *05 (SSNS, p   <   0.018). @entity2149 typing of 70 @entity1985 cases with two locus haplotype @entity1533 *07- @entity3098 *02 (70/183; 38.25%) revealed the presence of an extended haplotype 'A*03-B*07- @entity1533 *07- @entity3098 *02' (n,35; 50%). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed strong susceptible association of @entity1533 *07 with SRNS and @entity3098 *02 with SSNS. A gender predominant protective association was observed for @entity1533 *10 with SRNS females; @entity3098 *05 with SSNS and SRNS males. Further, the study documented the presence of an extended haplotype and pleiotropic action of @entity1533 */ @entity3098 * alleles in immune-mediated etiology of @entity1985 in south India. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Association of HLA-DR/DQ Alleles and Haplotypes with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'Nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['Nephrotic Syndrome']


abstract: In previous studies we observed an increased incidence of @entity1373 in the epithelium of the urinary bladder of @entity35 fed cereal-based stock diet supplemented with 6% @entity5542 ( @entity5542 ) for 3 months. @entity1373 was not enhanced, however, when 6% @entity5542 was fed in a purified casein diet. Further studies have been conducted to identify the dietary factor that caused the different response with the two diets. Feeding @entity5542 had a marked alkalizing effect on the urine. @entity35 fed purified diet produced urine of higher acidity than did those fed stock diet, a finding attributed to the greater excess of base in the stock diet. When diets with a considerable excess of cations were fed, urinary pH showed a characteristic pattern of widely differing values during a 24-hr period, with high values (pH greater than or equal to 8] for several hours of @entity400 , when food intake was high, declining during the day to a minimum at the end of the light period. @entity1373 of the bladder epithelium was induced not only by feeding @entity5542 , but also by feeding 5% of the alkalizing salt KHCO3, both in purified diet and in stock diet. The epithelial response to an alkalizing substance was prevented by simultaneous feeding of the acidifying salt @entity8777 . These findings indicate that the bladder changes induced by @entity5542 are attributable to its alkalizing properties rather than to @entity5542 per se. Moderate to severe @entity1373 of the bladder epithelium was induced also by feeding 5% @entity8777 in purified diet, a procedure accompanied by a further lowering of urinary pH. These findings showed that @entity1373 of the bladder epithelium of @entity35 can be induced both by acidifying and by alkalizing the urine through manipulation of the acid-base balance of the basal diet. There is thus a possibility that, in carcinogenicity studies, administration of compounds to @entity35 in the form of a salt may lead to erroneous conclusions.

title: Induction of XXXX in the bladder epithelium of @entity35 by a dietary excess of acid or base: implications for toxicity/carcinogenicity testing.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['darkness']

entities_list: @entity5542 :: ('CHEBI:64243', 'Chemical') :: ['monosodium glutamate', 'MSG']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: In previous studies we observed an increased incidence of @entity1373 in the epithelium of the urinary bladder of @entity35 fed cereal-based stock diet supplemented with 6% @entity5542 ( @entity5542 ) for 3 months. @entity1373 was not enhanced, however, when 6% @entity5542 was fed in a purified casein diet. Further studies have been conducted to identify the dietary factor that caused the different response with the two diets. Feeding @entity5542 had a marked alkalizing effect on the urine. @entity35 fed purified diet produced urine of higher acidity than did those fed stock diet, a finding attributed to the greater excess of base in the stock diet. When diets with a considerable excess of cations were fed, urinary pH showed a characteristic pattern of widely differing values during a 24-hr period, with high values (pH greater than or equal to 8] for several hours of @entity400 , when food intake was high, declining during the day to a minimum at the end of the light period. @entity1373 of the bladder epithelium was induced not only by feeding @entity5542 , but also by feeding 5% of the alkalizing salt KHCO3, both in purified diet and in stock diet. The epithelial response to an alkalizing substance was prevented by simultaneous feeding of the acidifying salt @entity8777 . These findings indicate that the bladder changes induced by @entity5542 are attributable to its alkalizing properties rather than to @entity5542 per se. Moderate to severe @entity1373 of the bladder epithelium was induced also by feeding 5% @entity8777 in purified diet, a procedure accompanied by a further lowering of urinary pH. These findings showed that @entity1373 of the bladder epithelium of @entity35 can be induced both by acidifying and by alkalizing the urine through manipulation of the acid-base balance of the basal diet. There is thus a possibility that, in carcinogenicity studies, administration of compounds to @entity35 in the form of a salt may lead to erroneous conclusions.

title: Induction of @entity1373 in the bladder epithelium of XXXX by a dietary excess of acid or base: implications for toxicity/carcinogenicity testing.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Following electrical stimulation of perianal skin, short latency evoked electromyographic (EMG) responses from the external and sphincter have been interpreted as the electrophysiological correlate of the anal reflex. Delayed responses in @entity1 with idiopathic @entity322 have been interpreted as evidence for denervation of the external anal sphincter. Electrically evoked responses were studied in normal subjects, either before and during spinal anaesthesia (n = 8), or before and during competitive @entity4094 (n = 4), instituted for operative purposes. Short latency responses persisted unchanged in either latency or duration during spinal anaesthesia whereas long latency responses were completely abolished. Both short and long latency responses were abolished during competitive @entity4094 . Short latency responses are not spinal reflex in nature, but due to stimulus activation of alpha-motoneuronal terminal branches. Delayed responses in incontinent @entity1 cannot be interpreted as evidence for @entity16 . Long latency (i.e. greater than 40 ms) responses demand a functional sacral spinal cord and represent the true anal reflex. Their wide range of latency in normal subjects suggests this measurement will be of little use in confirming the presence or absence of @entity16 , and that other measures of @entity16 may be more appropriate.

title: Electrically evoked activity in the XXXX external anal sphincter.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['pudendal neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The pharmacokinetic properties and hemodynamic effect of @entity17728 and its pharmacologically active metabolite @entity38568 were investigated in 13 healthy volunteers following single oral doses. Hemodynamic changes were measured by finger plethysmography (peripheral arterial resistance), impedance plethysmography (venous distensibility), heart rate, and blood pressure. Plasma concentrations of @entity17728 , @entity38568 , and SIN-1C were measured by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography. Oral administration of rapidly dissolving tablets of @entity17728 (2 tablets of 4 mg), a sustained-release form of @entity17728 (8 mg), and @entity38568 (4 mg) caused an increase of the a/b ratio of the finger plethysmogram and an increase of the venous distensibility. Heart rate and blood pressure remained unaffected. The time course of the peripheral arterial effect mimicked the time course of plasma concentrations of @entity17728 and @entity38568 . Similar to the results in animals, @entity17728 was metabolized in @entity1 to @entity38568 and subsequently degraded to the inactive metabolite SIN-1C. The kinetic profile of both metabolites could be followed in the plasma. The rate-limiting step in the metabolic sequence of @entity17728 was found to be enzymatic hydrolysis and decarboxylation of @entity17728 to @entity38568 . Concentration-response curves of the a/b ratio of the finger plethysmogram showed that the plasma concentrations required to produce a definite effect are much higher for @entity17728 than for @entity38568 . This shows that the pharmacodynamically active form of @entity17728 in @entity1 is the metabolite @entity38568 . The changes in the finger plethysmogram produced by @entity38568 suggest that in addition to the effect on the venous site, @entity38568 also dilates the peripheral arterial site.

title: Relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of XXXX and its metabolites in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity17728 :: ('MESH:D008981', 'Chemical') :: ['molsidomine']

answer: @entity17728 :: (MESH:D008981,Chemical) :: ['molsidomine']


abstract: The pharmacokinetic properties and hemodynamic effect of @entity17728 and its pharmacologically active metabolite @entity38568 were investigated in 13 healthy volunteers following single oral doses. Hemodynamic changes were measured by finger plethysmography (peripheral arterial resistance), impedance plethysmography (venous distensibility), heart rate, and blood pressure. Plasma concentrations of @entity17728 , @entity38568 , and SIN-1C were measured by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography. Oral administration of rapidly dissolving tablets of @entity17728 (2 tablets of 4 mg), a sustained-release form of @entity17728 (8 mg), and @entity38568 (4 mg) caused an increase of the a/b ratio of the finger plethysmogram and an increase of the venous distensibility. Heart rate and blood pressure remained unaffected. The time course of the peripheral arterial effect mimicked the time course of plasma concentrations of @entity17728 and @entity38568 . Similar to the results in animals, @entity17728 was metabolized in @entity1 to @entity38568 and subsequently degraded to the inactive metabolite SIN-1C. The kinetic profile of both metabolites could be followed in the plasma. The rate-limiting step in the metabolic sequence of @entity17728 was found to be enzymatic hydrolysis and decarboxylation of @entity17728 to @entity38568 . Concentration-response curves of the a/b ratio of the finger plethysmogram showed that the plasma concentrations required to produce a definite effect are much higher for @entity17728 than for @entity38568 . This shows that the pharmacodynamically active form of @entity17728 in @entity1 is the metabolite @entity38568 . The changes in the finger plethysmogram produced by @entity38568 suggest that in addition to the effect on the venous site, @entity38568 also dilates the peripheral arterial site.

title: Relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of @entity17728 and its metabolites in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Of thirty-four selected @entity1 who had @entity309 and @entity2622 , eighteen were treated operatively and sixteen were treated non-operatively. Of the subluxations of the atlanto-axial joint, nineteen were anterior; four, posterior; and eleven, vertical. Additionally, subaxial subluxations were seen in three @entity1 . At the time of treatment, the mean duration of the @entity309 was 19.4 years and the mean duration of the disorders of the cervical spine was 4.5 years. After treatment the @entity1 were followed for an average of 2.2 years (range, six months to six years). Of the thirty-four @entity1 , two (both of whom were treated non-operatively) died of causes unrelated to the lesions of the cervical spine and were excluded from this study. Of the remaining thirty-two @entity1 , eighteen were treated operatively and fourteen, non-operatively. The two groups were roughly comparable with respect to the lesions of the cervical spine, but more of the @entity1 who were treated surgically showed evidence of compression of the cord as demonstrated by computed tomography and myelography. The thirty-two @entity1 were not randomized in the two groups; therefore, comparison of the findings in these groups is not completely valid. Surgical treatment of the eighteen @entity1 included an atlanto-axial fusion in thirteen and an occipitocervical fusion in five. In addition, two @entity1 who had an occipitocervical fusion also had a subaxial laminectomy and posterior fusion. There was a superficial @entity2737 , which was treated successfully with short-term antibiotic therapy, in two @entity1 . No @entity1 died postoperatively. @entity158 was relieved in twelve of the fifteen operatively treated @entity1 who had @entity158 , whereas @entity158 was relieved in only one of the eight conservatively treated @entity1 who had @entity158 . At follow-up, neurological function was unchanged or improved in the operatively treated group but was slightly worse in the conservatively treated group. We concluded that fusion of an unstable rheumatoid cervical spine relieves @entity158 and prevents progression of existing @entity1274 without undue risk for the @entity1 .

title: Treatment of the cervical spine in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['subluxations of the atlanto-axial and other joints of the cervical spine']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural lessons']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Occipital pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid disease']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: During @entity4710 , @entity1 frequently experience @entity662 and marked @entity308 suggesting @entity741 . The purpose of this study was to assess whether ST @entity308 during @entity4710 is caused by @entity741 as reflected by net myocardial @entity880 production. Twenty-five @entity1 (14 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) who had a history of @entity4710 and a mean age (+/- SD) of 38 +/- 14 years underwent electrophysiologic testing. Twenty-four of these @entity1 had no evidence of @entity301 , whereas one @entity1 had undergone previous coronary bypass surgery. Nineteen @entity1 had orthodromic and six @entity1 had @entity2917 . A 12 lead electrocardiogram and simultaneous femoral artery and coronary sinus blood samples for @entity880 determinations were obtained at baseline and at 5 and 10 min of @entity4710 . Mean baseline heart rate of 83 +/- 12 beats/min increased to 180 +/- 25 beats/min during @entity4710 . All @entity1 had 1 to 8 mm of @entity308 in 1 to 9 of the 12 leads. @entity662 occurred in 64% of @entity1 during @entity4710 . Baseline myocardial @entity880 extraction was 28 +/- 13% with no significant change at 5 or 10 min of @entity591 . In contrast, in a comparison group of seven @entity1 with known @entity453 , atrial pacing at 168 +/- 26 beats/min in five @entity1 resulted in greater than or equal to 1 mm ST @entity308 in 2 to 7 of the 12 leads and a change in @entity880 extraction from a baseline of 29 +/- 13% to -27 +/- 20% (p less than 0.05) indicating net myocardial @entity880 production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Significance of XXXX during @entity4710 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia', 'acute myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia', 'supraventricular tachycardia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['ST segment depression']


abstract: During @entity4710 , @entity1 frequently experience @entity662 and marked @entity308 suggesting @entity741 . The purpose of this study was to assess whether ST @entity308 during @entity4710 is caused by @entity741 as reflected by net myocardial @entity880 production. Twenty-five @entity1 (14 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) who had a history of @entity4710 and a mean age (+/- SD) of 38 +/- 14 years underwent electrophysiologic testing. Twenty-four of these @entity1 had no evidence of @entity301 , whereas one @entity1 had undergone previous coronary bypass surgery. Nineteen @entity1 had orthodromic and six @entity1 had @entity2917 . A 12 lead electrocardiogram and simultaneous femoral artery and coronary sinus blood samples for @entity880 determinations were obtained at baseline and at 5 and 10 min of @entity4710 . Mean baseline heart rate of 83 +/- 12 beats/min increased to 180 +/- 25 beats/min during @entity4710 . All @entity1 had 1 to 8 mm of @entity308 in 1 to 9 of the 12 leads. @entity662 occurred in 64% of @entity1 during @entity4710 . Baseline myocardial @entity880 extraction was 28 +/- 13% with no significant change at 5 or 10 min of @entity591 . In contrast, in a comparison group of seven @entity1 with known @entity453 , atrial pacing at 168 +/- 26 beats/min in five @entity1 resulted in greater than or equal to 1 mm ST @entity308 in 2 to 7 of the 12 leads and a change in @entity880 extraction from a baseline of 29 +/- 13% to -27 +/- 20% (p less than 0.05) indicating net myocardial @entity880 production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Significance of @entity308 during XXXX .

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: The effects of two low fat diets with differing ratios of polyunsaturated to @entity1718 (P/S) on blood lipids, lipoproteins (LP), and apolipoproteins ( @entity3827 ) were studied in 23 adult @entity1 , 30-60 years old, using a crossover design. Both test diets had 25% fat calories with either a P/S of 0.3 ( @entity50335 ) or a P/S of 1.0 (Diet 2) and equivalent amounts of @entity165 . The study consisted of four periods: a 5-week prestudy on self-selected diet (SS), two 6-week test diet periods followed by a second 5-week post-study period on the SS diet. When compared with the SS diet, Diet 2 lowered the mean plasma total @entity165 (TC) by about 20% (P less than 0.01). Low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 was also decreased by about 18% by Diet 2 (P less than 0.01). The high P/S diet did not cause a change in total @entity165 in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass2 ( @entity9477 ) when compared to the SS diet. Levels of @entity1674 (TG) were slightly reduced in @entity9477 but showed a greater reduction in @entity9478 in both diets. Phospholipids (PL) were significantly reduced in @entity9477 and in @entity9478 , but the reduction in @entity9478 PL was not statistically significant. @entity3452 -I levels were not changed by either diet when compared with the SS diet, but @entity3452 -II levels of @entity9477 and @entity9478 were significantly decreased by the low fat diets, and there was no P/S effect. No other consistent changes in apoprotein levels occurred. Our data suggest that, in @entity1 with normal lipid levels, practical dietary changes involving a moderate increase in P/S from 0.3 to 1.0 in a low fat, low @entity165 diet do influence lipoprotein composition and apoprotein distribution in a short time. The reduction in @entity165 in total lipid composition and in LDL lipids which accompanied the reduction of dietary fat and @entity165 are considered to be beneficial.

title: Effects of low fat diets differing in degree of fat unsaturation on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Accuracy of staging of @entity263 is related to invasive procedures since imaging methods do not allow a reliable knowledge of the nodal status. Unfortunately lymphadenectomy is adversely affected by morbidity and mortality, therefore alternative methods should be elaborated. Post-lymphographic aspiration cytology seems to be worthwhile, having proved to be a reliable, accurate, safe procedure which can provide useful information in the management of @entity1 with @entity263 . Nevertheless uncertainty exists upon the clinical significance of negative cytologic findings. In this connection correlation between grading and aspiration cytology can constitute a further improvement. In our experience the Gleason grading system has shown to be the most reliable and reproducible. 85 @entity1 classified according to the Gleason's system, underwent staging lymphadenectomy and no nodal metastases were present when the Gleason score was lower than 5. In 50 cases even aspiration cytology was accomplished before surgery. No false positive cytologic findings were seen on histologic verification. Two false negative results were obtained in @entity1 with Gleason score higher than 5. In conclusion we believe that when @entity263 shows a Gleason score lower than 5 and the lymph node aspiration cytology is negative no staging lymphadenectomy should be performed. On the contrary in cases with Gleason sum from 5 to 10 negative nodal cytologic findings are inconclusive, nevertheless this rate of @entity1 is low and the necessity of surgical staging can be really reduced.

title: [Gleason's system and pelvic lymphadenectomy in the pretherapeutic evaluation of XXXX . Apropos of 85 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['cancer of the prostate']


abstract: Lymphocyte subpopulations (B cells, @entity404 , @entity405 ), @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), monocytes/macrophages (Leu M5), and HLA-DR antigen expression were studied immunohistochemically on frozen sections from 38 @entity150 specimens. T cells predominated over B cells in all @entity5 . @entity404 -positive lymphocytes predominated over @entity405 in the stroma ( @entity404 / @entity405 : 1.35/l), while in @entity5 cells @entity405 was the prominent subpopulation ( @entity405 / @entity404 : 1.75/l). Aberrant HLA-DR expression was found in 21.05 per cent of @entity150 . A strong correlation between @entity404 and @entity405 population densities and macrophages with the other subpopulations was noticed. In HLA-DR-positive @entity5 , there was no correlation of the percentage of positive cells with @entity404 - and @entity405 -positive lymphocyte populations. Various parameters including @entity1199 receptors, B cells, @entity405 - and @entity404 -positive cells, and macrophages did not differ significantly between the groups of @entity5 expressing and not expressing HLA-DR antigen. There were no statistically significant differences in the population densities of B cells, @entity405 - or @entity404 -positive cells, @entity3647 , monocytes/macrophages, and HLA-DR antigen expression among various clinicopathological parameters, including growth pattern, histological grade and clinical stage or @entity1 's age and sex. These findings suggest that in transitional cell @entity150 , HLA-DR antigen expression is independent of lymphocyte subpopulations. It is therefore possible that HLA-DR expression by @entity5 cells reflect the existence of separate HLA-DR-positive or HLA-DR-negative @entity5 clones.

title: HLA-DR antigen expression and lymphocyte subsets in transitional cell XXXX . An immunohistological study on frozen sections.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumour', 'tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder', 'bladder cancer', 'bladder tumours']

entities_list: @entity1199 :: ('3558', 'Gene') :: ['IL-2', 'interleukin-20 receptors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder']


abstract: @entity774 ( @entity774 ) were found in 23 of 2571 (0.9%) @entity1 with organ-specific @entity792 , in one of 632 first-degree relatives of insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 , and in none of 375 normal controls. In @entity774 -positive subjects the prevalence of human leucocyte antigens (HLA)-A1, -B8 and -DR3 was significantly higher with respect to the general population. Two groups were followed (15 subjects persistently positive for @entity774 and 51 negative subjects) for a mean period of 3.2 years. Yearly tests were made for @entity774 and adrenal function. Of the 15 subjects persistently positive for @entity774 , six developed @entity5343 after a period varying from 6 months to 10 years. Of the 51 subjects initially negative, two became positive during follow-up, and one of these developed @entity5343 15 months later. In contrast, all the remaining 49 persistently negative subjects maintained normal adrenal function tests. Overall, of the 17 positive subjects, seven (41%) developed @entity5343 , three (18%) showed various degrees of subclinical adrenocortical failure and the remaining seven maintained normal glandular function. In the positive @entity1 the yearly incidence of detriment in adrenal function was 19%. @entity1 who developed @entity5343 showed significant association with HLA-B8 phenotype. The development from normal adrenocortical function to overt @entity5343 seemed to progress through four distinct stages of functional impairment: increased plasma @entity916 activity with normal/low @entity1369 (stage 1), low @entity701 response after i.v. administration of ACTH (stage 2), increased ACTH (stage 3), and low basal @entity701 (stage 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The natural history of adrenal function in autoimmune XXXX with adrenal autoantibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'Adrenal autoantibodies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effects of selected concentrations of cytochalasins B (1-10 micrograms/ml; CB) and D (10, 50 micrograms/ml; @entity1050 ) on the morphology and fertilization of @entity3392 (Brachydanio) eggs were studied primarily with light and scanning electron microscopy. Eggs pretreated with either CB (10 micrograms/ml) or @entity1050 (10, 50 micrograms/ml) prepared in Fish Ringer's solution-0.5% @entity3733 showed a flattened shape, alterations in the form of surface microplicae and microvilli, and occasional spontaneous exocytosis of cortical granules. All eggs preincubated in either CB or @entity1050 were activated upon transfer to tap water, showing cortical granule exocytosis, elevation of the chorion, and formation of a fertilization cone. When eggs were pretreated for 5 minutes with 1-5 micrograms/ml CB or 10 micrograms/ml @entity1050 and inseminated, they incorporated the fertilizing sperm and typically developed to the two-cell stage. A single sperm cell attached to and fused with the sperm entry site microvilli but failed to enter the cytoplasm in eggs preincubated with 10 micrograms/ml CB. Eggs that were immersed continuously in either CB (10 micrograms/ml) or @entity1050 (50 micrograms/ml) 15 seconds after insemination also failed to incorporate the fertilizing sperm. Treatment of eggs after insemination with @entity1050 (10 micrograms/ml), however, did not prevent sperm cell incorporation or fertilization cone formation. Our drug data suggest the presence of actin-containing filaments in the danio egg before and following fertilization. These filaments appear to play a role in maintaining the shape of the egg cell and its surface specializations and in the incorporation of the fertilizing sperm. The fertilization cone appears to form independently of actin polymerization.

title: Effects of cytochalasins B and D on the fertilization of XXXX (Brachydanio) eggs.

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: In plant post-embryonic epidermis mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling promotes differentiation of pavement cells and inhibits @entity1613 . Stomata are cells specialized to modulate gas exchange and water loss. @entity958 MAPKs @entity45327 and @entity32689 are at the core of the signaling cascade; however, it is not well understood how the activity of these pleiotropic MAPKs is constrained spatially so that pavement cell differentiation is promoted only outside the stomata lineage. Here we identified a PP2C-type phosphatase termed AP2C3 ( @entity958 protein phosphatase 2C) that is expressed distinctively during stomata development as well as interacts and inactivates @entity45327 , @entity46542 and @entity32689 . AP2C3 co-localizes with MAPKs within the nucleus and this localization depends on its N-terminal extension. We show that other closely related phosphatases AP2C2 and AP2C4 are also MAPK phosphatases acting on @entity32689 , but have a distinct expression pattern from AP2C3. In accordance with this, only AP2C3 ectopic expression is able to stimulate cell proliferation leading to excess stomata development. This function of AP2C3 relies on the domains required for MAPK docking and intracellular localization. Concomitantly, the constitutive and inducible AP2C3 expression deregulates E2F-RB pathway, promotes the abundance and activity of CDKA, as well as changes of @entity73310 forms. We suggest that AP2C3 downregulates the MAPK signaling activity to help maintain the balance between differentiation of stomata and pavement cells.

title: MAPK phosphatase AP2C3 induces ectopic proliferation of epidermal cells leading to stomata development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initiation of stomata']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Treatment results for 36 @entity1 with juvenile @entity816 treated from 1942 through 1985 at the University of California, San Francisco, were reviewed. Twenty-two @entity5 were located in the posterior fossa, 10 were in the hypothalamic region, and four were in the cerebral hemispheres. Twenty-eight @entity1 were less than 18 years of age. The overall survival rate was 83% and 70% at 10 and 20 years, respectively. All 12 @entity1 who had total @entity5 resection remain disease-free; only two of the 12 received postoperative irradiation. The 10- and 20-year freedom-from-progression for the 19 @entity1 who had incomplete resection and received at least 40 Gy of postoperative irradiation was 74% and 41%, respectively. All @entity1 who failed treatment had local recurrence. One @entity1 developed diffuse meningeal seeding, after four local recurrences in the posterior fossa over a 23-year period. Six @entity1 failed treatment and had a repeat biopsy at the time of recurrence or at postmortem examination, and three showed histological progression of the @entity5 to an @entity816 . Based on this study and others in the literature, a protocol has been adopted whereby @entity1 who have total @entity5 resection are not treated with postoperative irradiation. @entity1 who have incomplete @entity5 resection and are older than 3 years of age are currently treated with postoperative partial-brain irradiation, to a dose of 45 to 60 Gy. In general, young @entity1 with incomplete resection are followed closely with computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and are treated with chemotherapy or irradiation if @entity5 progression is documented.

title: Treatment results of juvenile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytoma', 'anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['pilocytic astrocytoma']