abstract: PURPOSE: To report the successful long-term use of @entity284 and @entity1340 in treating @entity1643 in a marine police officer. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The @entity1 sustained a work-related @entity130 fallen down stairs while on duty in 1990. After multiple operations for a prolapsed L5/S1 intervertebral disk, he was first seen at our @entity158 clinic in 1994. Numerous systemic medications, invasive procedures, physiotherapy and psychotherapy were used to treat his @entity158 , but without sustained effect. @entity284 was started in late 1995 and @entity1340 in 2000. The current maintenance doses are @entity284 20 mg and @entity1340 200 mg, both twice daily. Apart from some initial disruption, the @entity1 was soon able to return to full time work. Regular performance reports from his supervisors have always been excellent. CONCLUSION: The use of @entity284 in this police officer with @entity1643 has been very successful despite the demanding nature of his job. The controversy surrounding, and further suggestions regarding long-term use of opioid therapy for non-malignant @entity158 are discussed.

title: Long-term therapy of chronic non-malignant XXXX with potent opioids in an active police officer.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['Methadone', 'methadone']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury having']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity1920 -activated protein kinase ( @entity33725 ) is involved in the regulation of @entity413 and glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. We used @entity1 with chronic high muscle glycogen stores and deficient glycogenolysis ( @entity9847 ) as a model to address this issue. Six @entity9847 @entity1 were compared with control subjects during exercise. Muscle alpha2AMPK activity increased in @entity9847 @entity1 (from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 pmol min(-1) mg(-1), P = 0.05) but not in control subjects (from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 pmol min(-1) mg(-1)). Exercise-induced phosphorylation of the in vivo @entity33725 substrate @entity6625 carboxylase (ACCbeta; Ser(221)) was higher (P < 0.01) in @entity9847 @entity1 than in control subjects (18 +/- 3 vs. 10 +/- 1 arbitrary units). Exercise-induced whole-body @entity413 utilization was also higher in @entity9847 @entity1 than in control subjects (P < 0.05). No correlation between individual @entity33725 or ACCbeta values and @entity413 utilization was observed. @entity3156 ( @entity3156 ) activity was decreased in @entity9847 @entity1 from 11 +/- 1.3 to 5 +/- 1.2 % (P < 0.05) and increased in control subjects from 19 +/- 1.6 to 23 +/- 2.3 % (P < 0.05) in response to exercise. This was not associated with activity changes of @entity3156 kinase 3 or protein phosphatase 1, but the changes in @entity3156 activity could be due to changes in activity of @entity33725 or protein kinase A (PKA) as a negative correlation between either ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) or plasma @entity1425 and @entity3156 activity was observed. These findings suggest that @entity3156 activity is increased by glycogen breakdown and decreased by @entity33725 and possibly PKA activation and that the resultant @entity3156 activity depends on the relative strengths of the various stimuli. Furthermore, @entity33725 may be involved in the regulation of @entity413 utilization during exercise in @entity1 , although the lack of correlation between individual @entity33725 activity or ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) values and individual @entity413 utilization during exercise implies that @entity33725 may not be an essential regulator.

title: Role of XXXX -activated protein kinase in glycogen synthase activity and @entity413 utilization: insights from @entity1 with @entity9847 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity3156 :: ('MESH:C566917', 'Disease') :: ['GS', 'Glycogen synthase']

entities_list: @entity9847 :: ('MESH:D006012', 'Disease') :: ['McArdle', "McArdle's disease"]

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl CoA']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1920 :: (CHEBI:16027,Chemical) :: ['5'AMP']


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity1920 -activated protein kinase ( @entity33725 ) is involved in the regulation of @entity413 and glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. We used @entity1 with chronic high muscle glycogen stores and deficient glycogenolysis ( @entity9847 ) as a model to address this issue. Six @entity9847 @entity1 were compared with control subjects during exercise. Muscle alpha2AMPK activity increased in @entity9847 @entity1 (from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 pmol min(-1) mg(-1), P = 0.05) but not in control subjects (from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 pmol min(-1) mg(-1)). Exercise-induced phosphorylation of the in vivo @entity33725 substrate @entity6625 carboxylase (ACCbeta; Ser(221)) was higher (P < 0.01) in @entity9847 @entity1 than in control subjects (18 +/- 3 vs. 10 +/- 1 arbitrary units). Exercise-induced whole-body @entity413 utilization was also higher in @entity9847 @entity1 than in control subjects (P < 0.05). No correlation between individual @entity33725 or ACCbeta values and @entity413 utilization was observed. @entity3156 ( @entity3156 ) activity was decreased in @entity9847 @entity1 from 11 +/- 1.3 to 5 +/- 1.2 % (P < 0.05) and increased in control subjects from 19 +/- 1.6 to 23 +/- 2.3 % (P < 0.05) in response to exercise. This was not associated with activity changes of @entity3156 kinase 3 or protein phosphatase 1, but the changes in @entity3156 activity could be due to changes in activity of @entity33725 or protein kinase A (PKA) as a negative correlation between either ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) or plasma @entity1425 and @entity3156 activity was observed. These findings suggest that @entity3156 activity is increased by glycogen breakdown and decreased by @entity33725 and possibly PKA activation and that the resultant @entity3156 activity depends on the relative strengths of the various stimuli. Furthermore, @entity33725 may be involved in the regulation of @entity413 utilization during exercise in @entity1 , although the lack of correlation between individual @entity33725 activity or ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) values and individual @entity413 utilization during exercise implies that @entity33725 may not be an essential regulator.

title: Role of @entity1920 -activated protein kinase in glycogen synthase activity and @entity413 utilization: insights from @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity9847 :: (MESH:D006012,Disease) :: ['McArdle's disease']


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity1920 -activated protein kinase ( @entity33725 ) is involved in the regulation of @entity413 and glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. We used @entity1 with chronic high muscle glycogen stores and deficient glycogenolysis ( @entity9847 ) as a model to address this issue. Six @entity9847 @entity1 were compared with control subjects during exercise. Muscle alpha2AMPK activity increased in @entity9847 @entity1 (from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 pmol min(-1) mg(-1), P = 0.05) but not in control subjects (from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 pmol min(-1) mg(-1)). Exercise-induced phosphorylation of the in vivo @entity33725 substrate @entity6625 carboxylase (ACCbeta; Ser(221)) was higher (P < 0.01) in @entity9847 @entity1 than in control subjects (18 +/- 3 vs. 10 +/- 1 arbitrary units). Exercise-induced whole-body @entity413 utilization was also higher in @entity9847 @entity1 than in control subjects (P < 0.05). No correlation between individual @entity33725 or ACCbeta values and @entity413 utilization was observed. @entity3156 ( @entity3156 ) activity was decreased in @entity9847 @entity1 from 11 +/- 1.3 to 5 +/- 1.2 % (P < 0.05) and increased in control subjects from 19 +/- 1.6 to 23 +/- 2.3 % (P < 0.05) in response to exercise. This was not associated with activity changes of @entity3156 kinase 3 or protein phosphatase 1, but the changes in @entity3156 activity could be due to changes in activity of @entity33725 or protein kinase A (PKA) as a negative correlation between either ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) or plasma @entity1425 and @entity3156 activity was observed. These findings suggest that @entity3156 activity is increased by glycogen breakdown and decreased by @entity33725 and possibly PKA activation and that the resultant @entity3156 activity depends on the relative strengths of the various stimuli. Furthermore, @entity33725 may be involved in the regulation of @entity413 utilization during exercise in @entity1 , although the lack of correlation between individual @entity33725 activity or ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) values and individual @entity413 utilization during exercise implies that @entity33725 may not be an essential regulator.

title: Role of @entity1920 -activated protein kinase in glycogen synthase activity and XXXX utilization: insights from @entity1 with @entity9847 .

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity1920 -activated protein kinase ( @entity33725 ) is involved in the regulation of @entity413 and glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. We used @entity1 with chronic high muscle glycogen stores and deficient glycogenolysis ( @entity9847 ) as a model to address this issue. Six @entity9847 @entity1 were compared with control subjects during exercise. Muscle alpha2AMPK activity increased in @entity9847 @entity1 (from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 pmol min(-1) mg(-1), P = 0.05) but not in control subjects (from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 pmol min(-1) mg(-1)). Exercise-induced phosphorylation of the in vivo @entity33725 substrate @entity6625 carboxylase (ACCbeta; Ser(221)) was higher (P < 0.01) in @entity9847 @entity1 than in control subjects (18 +/- 3 vs. 10 +/- 1 arbitrary units). Exercise-induced whole-body @entity413 utilization was also higher in @entity9847 @entity1 than in control subjects (P < 0.05). No correlation between individual @entity33725 or ACCbeta values and @entity413 utilization was observed. @entity3156 ( @entity3156 ) activity was decreased in @entity9847 @entity1 from 11 +/- 1.3 to 5 +/- 1.2 % (P < 0.05) and increased in control subjects from 19 +/- 1.6 to 23 +/- 2.3 % (P < 0.05) in response to exercise. This was not associated with activity changes of @entity3156 kinase 3 or protein phosphatase 1, but the changes in @entity3156 activity could be due to changes in activity of @entity33725 or protein kinase A (PKA) as a negative correlation between either ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) or plasma @entity1425 and @entity3156 activity was observed. These findings suggest that @entity3156 activity is increased by glycogen breakdown and decreased by @entity33725 and possibly PKA activation and that the resultant @entity3156 activity depends on the relative strengths of the various stimuli. Furthermore, @entity33725 may be involved in the regulation of @entity413 utilization during exercise in @entity1 , although the lack of correlation between individual @entity33725 activity or ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) values and individual @entity413 utilization during exercise implies that @entity33725 may not be an essential regulator.

title: Role of @entity1920 -activated protein kinase in glycogen synthase activity and @entity413 utilization: insights from XXXX with @entity9847 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Circadian rhythms have been demonstrated in organisms across the taxonomic spectrum. In view of their widespread occurrence, the adaptive significance of these rhythms is of interest. We have previously shown that constitutive expression of the @entity15585 ( @entity15585 ) gene in @entity958 plants ( @entity15585 -ox) results in loss of circadian rhythmicity. Here, we demonstrate that these @entity15585 -ox plants retain the ability to respond to diurnal changes in light. Thus, transcript levels of several circadian-regulated genes, as well as @entity15585 itself and the closely related LHY, oscillate robustly if @entity15585 -ox plants are grown under diurnal conditions. However, in contrast with wild-type plants in which transcript levels change in anticipation of the dark/light transitions, the @entity15585 -ox plants have lost the ability to anticipate this daily change in their environment. We have used @entity15585 -ox lines to examine the effects of loss of circadian regulation on the fitness of an organism. @entity15585 -ox plants flowered later, especially under long-day conditions, and were less viable under very short-day conditions than their wild-type counterparts. In addition, we demonstrate that two other circadian rhythm mutants, @entity59376 , have low-viability phenotypes. Our findings demonstrate the adaptive advantage of circadian rhythms in @entity958 .

title: Circadian rhythms confer a higher level of fitness to XXXX plants.

entities_list: @entity15585 :: ('819296(Tax:3702)', 'Gene') :: ['CCA1', 'CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: @entity3634 is a ubiquitous phospholipid that is also present in the photosynthetic membranes of plants. Multiple independent lines of evidence suggest that this lipid plays a critical role for the proper function of photosynthetic membranes and cold acclimation. In eukaryotes, different subcellular compartments are competent for the biosynthesis of @entity3634 . Details on the plant-specific pathways in different organelles are scarce. Here, we describe a @entity3634 biosynthesis-deficient mutant of @entity958 , @entity48735 . The overall content of @entity3634 is reduced by 30%. This mutant carries a point mutation in the @entity13667 - @entity167 phosphotransferase motif of the @entity38650 synthase (EC 2.7.8.5) isoform encoded by a gene on chromosome 2. The mutant shows an 80% reduction in plastidic phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase activity consistent with the plastidic location of this particular isoform. Mutant plants are pale green, and their photosynthesis is impaired. This mutant provides a promising new tool to elucidate the biosynthesis and function of plastidic @entity3634 in seed plants.

title: The XXXX mutant locus of @entity958 encodes a phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase with impaired activity.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity38650 :: ('MESH:C034358', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerolphosphate']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol', 'Phosphatidylglycerol']

answer: @entity48735 :: (818514(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['pgp1']


abstract: @entity3634 is a ubiquitous phospholipid that is also present in the photosynthetic membranes of plants. Multiple independent lines of evidence suggest that this lipid plays a critical role for the proper function of photosynthetic membranes and cold acclimation. In eukaryotes, different subcellular compartments are competent for the biosynthesis of @entity3634 . Details on the plant-specific pathways in different organelles are scarce. Here, we describe a @entity3634 biosynthesis-deficient mutant of @entity958 , @entity48735 . The overall content of @entity3634 is reduced by 30%. This mutant carries a point mutation in the @entity13667 - @entity167 phosphotransferase motif of the @entity38650 synthase (EC 2.7.8.5) isoform encoded by a gene on chromosome 2. The mutant shows an 80% reduction in plastidic phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase activity consistent with the plastidic location of this particular isoform. Mutant plants are pale green, and their photosynthesis is impaired. This mutant provides a promising new tool to elucidate the biosynthesis and function of plastidic @entity3634 in seed plants.

title: The @entity48735 mutant locus of XXXX encodes a phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase with impaired activity.

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: We examined the role of gibberellins (GAs) in germination of @entity958 seeds by a proteomic approach. For that purpose, we used two systems. The first system consisted of seeds of the GA-deficient @entity70273 mutant, and the second corresponded to wild-type seeds incubated in @entity28970 , a specific GA biosynthesis inhibitor. With both systems, radicle protrusion was strictly dependent on exogenous GAs. The proteomic analysis indicated that GAs do not participate in many processes involved in germination sensu stricto (prior to radicle protrusion), as, for example, the initial mobilization of seed protein and lipid reserves. Out of 46 protein changes detected during germination sensu stricto (1 d of incubation on water), only one, corresponding to the cytoskeleton component alpha-2,4 tubulin, appeared to depend on the action of GAs. An increase in this protein spot was noted for the wild-type seeds but not for the @entity70273 seeds incubated for 1 d on water. In contrast, GAs appeared to be involved, directly or indirectly, in controlling the abundance of several proteins associated with radicle protrusion. This is the case for two isoforms of @entity7726 (Ado-Met) synthetase, which catalyzes the formation of Ado-Met from Met and @entity855 . Owing to the housekeeping functions of Ado-Met, this event is presumably required for germination and seedling establishment, and might represent a major metabolic control of seedling establishment. GAs can also play a role in controlling the abundance of a beta-glucosidase, which might be involved in the embryo cell wall loosening needed for cell elongation and radicle extension.

title: Proteomics of XXXX seed germination. A comparative study of wild-type and gibberellin-deficient seeds.

entities_list: @entity28970 :: ('MESH:C053370', 'Chemical') :: ['paclobutrazol']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosyl-methionine']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: @entity39 is an @entity146 and subcutaneous fat with @entity39 of the overlying skin, and it is a toxin-mediated disease. The aim of this study was to review 13 cases of @entity39 of the perineum and the external genitalia region with regard to the diagnosis, treatment, and methods of reconstruction of secondary defects. The study was performed from June 1997 to May 2001 and involved 11 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 who ranged in age from 35 to 67 years (mean age, 53 years). All @entity1 presented to the plastic surgery unit with huge secondary defects of the urogenital region, upper thigh, and lower abdomen after being excised initially by general surgeons. Eight @entity1 were treated with bilateral flaps, and the unilateral flap was used in 2 @entity1 . The V-Y island fasciocutaneous flap, used to resurface the urogenital region after @entity39 , is considered a new indication. The V-Y axial-pattern design of the flap is also considered a new modification, which enabled the flap to be advanced and tailored nicely in the midline. The idea of using the V-Y-plasty design is raised because the perineum has a pair of symmetrical anatomic structures. In addition, this procedure conserves tissue and the flap donor site is closed primarily without @entity2701 . Both aesthetic and functional results were satisfactory.

title: V-Y fasciocutaneous pudendal thigh flap for repair of perineum and genital region after XXXX : modification and new indication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive, deep-seated infection of the fascia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing fasciitis', 'Necrotizing fasciitis', 'necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotizing fasciitis']


abstract: Base deficit has been established as a predictor of mortality and endpoint of resuscitation. We hypothesized that in a significant subset of surgical intensive care @entity1 , base deficit is secondary to @entity520 , and that these @entity1 experience lower mortality than those @entity1 whose base deficits are secondary to other causes. Seventy-five consecutive surgical intensive care @entity1 with base deficits greater than 2.0 were prospectively studied. The etiology of the @entity1 ' base deficits was determined by admission laboratory data. @entity1 were divided into those with @entity520 , and those with @entity520 from other causes. Mortality within these groups was compared by Fisher's exact test. Thirty-seven @entity1 (49.3%) had @entity520 . Thirty-three @entity1 (46.7%) had @entity8193 . Three @entity1 (4%) had base @entity51 , and two @entity1 (2.6%) had base @entity51 . There were no significant differences in age, APACHE II scores, or volumes of resuscitation between the hyperchloremic group and the remaining @entity1 . There were four @entity204 (10.8%) in the hyperchloremic group and thirteen @entity204 (34.2%) in the remaining @entity1 (P = 0.03). @entity520 resulted from resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution in 18 (48.6%) of the hyperchloremic @entity1 . @entity520 is a common etiology of base deficit in the surgical intensive care unit. It is associated with lower mortality than base deficit secondary to other causes. Moreover, it is frequently induced following resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution. Failure to properly diagnose this subset of acidotic @entity1 may result in inappropriate clinical interventions due to the erroneous presumption of ongoing tissue @entity519 .

title: Base deficit does not predict mortality when secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'hyperchloremic acidosis', 'Hyperchloremic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits secondary to ketosis', 'deficits secondary to uremia']

answer: @entity520 :: (MESH:D000138,Disease) :: ['hyperchloremic acidosis']


abstract: Neurite retraction is a crucial process during nervous system development and @entity179 . This process implies reorganization of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Some bioactive lipids such as @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) induce neurite retraction. The reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton during neurite retraction is one of the best-characterized effects of @entity4991 . However, less information is available regarding the reorganization of the microtubule (MT) network in response to @entity4991 in neuronal cells. Here, we first give an overview of the roles of cytoskeleton during neurite outgrowth, and subsequently, we review some of the data from different laboratories concerning @entity4991 -induced cytoskeletal rearrangement in neuronal cells. We also summarize our own recent results about modifications of MTs during @entity4991 -induced neurite retraction. We have shown that @entity4991 induces changes in tubulin pools and increases in the phosphorylation levels of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), such as Tau. Tau hyperphosphorylation in response to @entity4991 is mediated by the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). The upregulation of GSK-3 activity by @entity4991 seems to be a general process as it occurs in diverse neuronal cells of different species in correlation with the neurite retraction process.

title: Regulation of neuronal cytoskeleton by XXXX : role of GSK-3.

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

answer: @entity4990 :: (MESH:C032881,Chemical) :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity82 is one of the major causes of post-treatment morbidity in @entity378 . The molecular basis of @entity82 in active and healed @entity66 is yet to be fully characterized. OBJECTIVES: To measure the tissue levels of collagen, @entity2362 , fibronectin, @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and @entity219 in active and healed lesions of cutaneous @entity378 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Biopsy lesions obtained from 17 @entity1 with active cutaneous @entity378 and 12 @entity1 after a 6-month regimen of antituberculous chemotherapy were examined. Collagen, @entity2362 and @entity219 were estimated biochemically. In addition, the presence of collagen IV, @entity2533 and fibronectin were determined immunohistochemically. RESULTS: It was found that collagen, @entity2362 , fibronectin and @entity2533 levels were higher in the active lesions. The levels of @entity219 were similar in both active and healed lesions. Clinically, scar tissue or keloid formation was not seen in any of the healed lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Effective antituberculous chemotherapy will lead to a substantial reduction of @entity82 and the consequent disability that can arise in @entity1 with @entity378 .

title: Biochemical and histochemical changes pertaining to active and healed cutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous lesions']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: The DNA of eukaryotes is wrapped around nucleosomes and packaged into chromatin. Covalent modifications of the histone proteins that comprise the nucleosome alter chromatin structure and have major effects on gene expression. Methylation of @entity376 4 of histone H3 by COMPASS is required for silencing of genes located near chromosome telomeres and within the rDNA (Krogan, N. J, Dover, J., Khorrami, S., Greenblatt, J. F., Schneider, J., Johnston, M., and Shilatifard, A. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 10753-10755; Briggs, S. D., Bryk, M., Strahl, B. D., Cheung, W. L., Davie, J. K., Dent, S. Y., Winston, F., and Allis, C. D. (2001) Genes. Dev. 15, 3286-3295). To learn about the mechanism of histone methylation, we surveyed the genome of the @entity375 @entity375 for genes necessary for this process. By analyzing approximately 4800 mutant strains, each deleted for a different non-essential gene, we discovered that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme @entity11024 is required for methylation of @entity376 4 of histone H3. Ubiquitination of @entity36999 on @entity376 123 is the signal for the methylation of histone H3, which leads to silencing of genes located near telomeres.

title: Methylation of histone H3 by COMPASS requires ubiquitination of @entity36999 by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity11024 :: (852822(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Rad6']


abstract: The DNA of eukaryotes is wrapped around nucleosomes and packaged into chromatin. Covalent modifications of the histone proteins that comprise the nucleosome alter chromatin structure and have major effects on gene expression. Methylation of @entity376 4 of histone H3 by COMPASS is required for silencing of genes located near chromosome telomeres and within the rDNA (Krogan, N. J, Dover, J., Khorrami, S., Greenblatt, J. F., Schneider, J., Johnston, M., and Shilatifard, A. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 10753-10755; Briggs, S. D., Bryk, M., Strahl, B. D., Cheung, W. L., Davie, J. K., Dent, S. Y., Winston, F., and Allis, C. D. (2001) Genes. Dev. 15, 3286-3295). To learn about the mechanism of histone methylation, we surveyed the genome of the @entity375 @entity375 for genes necessary for this process. By analyzing approximately 4800 mutant strains, each deleted for a different non-essential gene, we discovered that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme @entity11024 is required for methylation of @entity376 4 of histone H3. Ubiquitination of @entity36999 on @entity376 123 is the signal for the methylation of histone H3, which leads to silencing of genes located near telomeres.

title: Methylation of histone H3 by COMPASS requires ubiquitination of XXXX by @entity11024 .

answer: @entity36999 :: (852284(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['histone H2B']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the outcome of @entity1 with thoracolumbar @entity174 treated surgically or conservatively at the Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between the year 1989 through to 1999. METHODS: The medical and surgical record of all @entity1 diagnosed as having thoracolumbar @entity174 (thoracic 10-lumbar 12) between the years 1989 to 1999 were reviewed. The parameter studies included the personal @entity1 data, type of @entity174 , mechanism and cause of @entity16 . For the outcome, the method of treatment and recovery from @entity51 , return to pre-injury activity and work as well as complications were noted. RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 were treated for thoracolumbar @entity174 . Seventy two percent were related to motor vehicle accident, 37% had @entity51 , 19 of them had complete lesion. Thoracic 12 Lumbar 1 constituted 63% of injury level. Forty-four @entity1 were treated surgically whereas 56 had conservative treatment. At follow up, 17 @entity1 had complete recovery from @entity51 while 6 had partial recovery and 14 had no recovery at all. No major complication has occurred due to method of treatment in both groups. CONCLUSION: Treatment of thoracolumbar @entity174 was carried out using both surgical and conservative methods. In our view, surgical treatment is indicated in cases of instability or removal of retropulsive fragment if there is @entity51 or to @entity85 . For other cases conservative treatment was selected and gave satisfactory results.

title: Treatment of thoracolumbar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['injury and neurological affection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['correct deformity']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: @entity11533 is a systemic disease of unknown etiology. We report a retrospective study of 11 cases (9 females and 2 males) of @entity11533 collected during 25 years. The mean age was 36 years. Fever, @entity625 and @entity1910 was constant. Adenopathies and @entity381 were observed in 2 @entity1 . The laboratory findings was characterized by a constant @entity32 and leucocytosis. Hypertransaminasemia and @entity6737 were observed respectively in 7 cases and 3 cases. @entity288 were prescribed in all @entity1 . @entity1499 was administered in 3 @entity1 . Outcome was favorable in 10 cases, @entity204 incurred in one @entity1 , secondary to acute @entity99 .

title: [ XXXX : study of a series of 11 cases].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity11533 :: ('MESH:D016706', 'Disease') :: ["Adult Still's disease", "adult Still's disease"]

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity6737 :: ('MESH:C538137', 'Disease') :: ['hyperferritinemia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity11533 :: (MESH:D016706,Disease) :: ['Adult Still's disease']


abstract: The Public Health Laboratory Service has published guidance outlining appropriate investigations and public health action to control the spread of @entity7135 . We investigated compliance with this guidance in audits of suspected @entity693 cases in our district notified to the public health department between January 1996 and December 1997, and in 1999. The total number of suspected @entity693 cases in 1996-7 and in 1999 were 58 and 34 respectively. @entity7135 was suspected in 49 and 28 @entity1 respectively, and for 58 (75.3%) of these case notes were found. @entity1910 was more often a presenting sign in 1999. The second audit also showed a non-significant reduction in the proportion of @entity1 given penicillin before hospital admission (22.4% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.12), and in CSF microscopy requests (31% vs. 17.6%, p < 0.5). Requests for meningococcal investigation by blood culture (77.5% vs. 79.4%, p < 0.5) blood PCR (34.5% vs. 64.7%, p < 0.001) and throat swab (25.9% vs. 55.9%, p < 0.005) were increased. Notifications of cases to the public health department within 24 hours of admission were also increased slightly (42.8% vs. 52.9%; p < 0.5). Changes in clinical practice can be achieved through guidelines, audit and feedback. The importance of parenteral penicillin administration prior to hospital admission, appropriate investigations and prompt public health notification should be re-emphasised.

title: Audit of suspected XXXX in a district in 1996-1997 and in 1999.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['Meningococcal disease', 'meningococcal disease']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: The American College of Rheumatology presented a consensus document in 1999 proposing the classification of 19 different syndromes defined by neurological and @entity146 manifestations of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). The detection of autoantibodies in patient's serum or cerebrospinal fluid has not been used as diagnostic markers for the proposed @entity12319 as their disease associations remain highly contentious. Autoantibodies detected in the serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid, that have been reported to segregate with @entity1 presenting with @entity12319 include: (1) anti-neuronal antibodies, (2) brain-lymphocyte cross-reactive antibodies, (3) anti-ribosomal P antibodies, (4) anti-phospholipid antibodies and (5) anti- @entity4163 antibodies. Tests for anti-neuronal, anti-brain-lymphocyte cross-reactive and anti- @entity4163 antibodies remain highly specialized whereas tests for ribosomal P antibodies and for antiphospholipid antibodies are currently routinely available in most diagnostic laboratories. Anti-ribosomal antibodies segregate with @entity1252 . Antiphospholipid P antibodies are markers for the @entity1701 . This syndrome may be associated with another disease, commonly @entity1252 . In this setting, @entity146 manifestations in @entity1252 may arise as a consequence of @entity715 episodes involving the cerebral vasculature. There is a pressing need for antibodies to ribosomal P and to phospholipids to be standardized for routine diagnostic application. We conclude that the search for specific antibody marker(s) that can be applied for the routine laboratory diagnosis for @entity12319 remains elusive.

title: Autoantibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric lupus', 'neuropsychiatric lupus classifications']

answer: @entity12319 :: (MESH:D020945,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric lupus']


abstract: AIM: The study aims to look for an association between trapezius muscle activity and @entity4048 in work situations characterized by work stress and low biomechanical exposure. METHODS: Female subjects (n = 93) were recruited from four occupational groups: health care, shop assistants, banking, and university secretaries. Thirty-eight workers were interviewed and classified as @entity158 by their @entity4048 score in the last 6 months; 55 were @entity158 -free. @entity4048 , bodily state of @entity2701 and fatigue, and subjective exposure assessments were monitored by repeated hourly measurements over 24 hr. Trapezius muscle activity was recorded bilaterally by surface EMG. RESULTS: @entity4048 , perceived @entity2701 , work stress ("stressful environment"), and mental fatigue was augmented over the workday and reduced leisure time. Physical fatigue was low and stable. Thus, work stress appeared to be the dominant exposure associated with @entity4048 . Muscle activity was low and similar for @entity158 and @entity158 -free subjects during working hours. It was unchanged from work to leisure for the @entity158 workers and was significantly reduced for the @entity158 -free group. CONCLUSIONS: Stress-induced shoulder and neck @entity158 is not necessarily associated with elevated trapezius muscle activity, but @entity158 -free workers may benefit from better muscle relaxation in leisure.

title: Daytime trapezius muscle activity and XXXX of service workers with work stress and low biomechanical exposure.

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder-neck pain', 'Shoulder-neck pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain-afflicted']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['shoulder-neck pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of arthroscopic repair of isolated superior @entity75 of the shoulder. METHODS: We evaluated thirty-four @entity1 at a mean of thirty-three months (range, twenty-four to forty-nine months) following arthroscopic repair of an isolated superior @entity75 of the shoulder with suture anchors. The outcome of treatment was evaluated with the University of California at Los Angeles shoulder score and on the basis of the @entity1 's ability to return to prior activities. There were thirty male @entity1 and four female @entity1 with a mean age of twenty-six years (range, sixteen to thirty-five years). Thirty @entity1 were involved in athletic activities, and eighteen of them were engaged in overhead sports. RESULTS: Repair of the superior @entity75 resulted in a satisfactory University of California at Los Angeles shoulder score for thirty-two @entity1 (94%) and an unsatisfactory score for two. Thirty-one @entity1 (91%) regained their preinjury level of shoulder function. The shoulder score and the return to activity were correlated with the type of sports activity (r = 0.291, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.373, p = 0.010, respectively. @entity1 participating in overhead sports had significantly lower shoulder scores and a lower percentage of return to their preinjury level of shoulder function compared with @entity1 who were not engaged in overhead activity (p = 0.024 and 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic repair of an isolated superior @entity75 is successful in a majority of @entity1 . However, the results in @entity1 who participate in overhead sports are not as satisfactory as those in @entity1 who are not involved in overhead sports.

title: Results of arthroscopic treatment of superior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['labral lesion', 'labral lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['labral lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to identify the factors that determined whether a @entity1 underwent surgery and its impact on @entity1 outcome. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of the records of all @entity1 diagnosed with resectable stages I and II @entity1149 between 1990 and 1998 at the University of Arkansas and Veterans Administration Hospitals were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, pathologic, and outcome data were captured. Analysis was conducted to identify prognostic factors as well as factors leading to surgical treatment disparities. RESULTS: A total of 551 @entity1 were included; 490 (89%) were @entity1 , 480 (87%) were white, and 315 (57%) were aged >65 years. Median follow-up of these @entity1 was 24 months (1-109 months). Surgery was performed on 455 @entity1 (82.6%); 26 @entity1 received nonsurgical treatment including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both, and 70 @entity1 did not receive any type of treatment. A univariate analysis revealed that age, race, sex, and forced expiratory volume in the first second were significantly different between the surgery and no surgery groups. However, a multivariate analysis showed that age, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and hemoglobin were significantly different between both groups. The median overall survival was 45.5 months (1-109 months) for the surgically treated @entity1 compared with 12.0 months (1-86 months) for those who did not undergo surgery (P <.0001). CONCLUSION: Elderly @entity1 with early-stage @entity1149 are less likely to undergo a potentially curative surgical resection. Racial and sex disparities may be due to other comorbidities.

title: Disparities in surgical resection of early-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: High plasma @entity3452 [ @entity3452 ] and @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) levels are now considered to be independent risk factors for cerebro- and cardiovascular @entity731 , but little is known about the influence of @entity3452 and @entity5784 on the early events of @entity63 or their significance in subjects with a positive family history of @entity63 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity5784 levels and the severity of @entity385 , and investigate whether there was a correlation between @entity3452 and @entity5784 levels in the @entity64 @entity1 and their @entity1 . METHODS: The study involved 35 @entity1 with early @entity385 aged 46.1 +/- 6.6 years and their 50 @entity1 aged 17.2 +/- 5.5 years. The @entity1 were grouped on the basis of the form of the @entity64 (transient, progressive or complete @entity64 ), and their levels of @entity3452 , @entity5784 , @entity414 (UA), @entity2002 ( @entity2002 ) and factor VII (FVII) activity were measured. RESULTS: @entity5784 and @entity3452 concentrations increased with the severity of the @entity63 , being highest in the @entity1 with complete @entity64 (15.1 +/- 2.9 mumol/L and 32.9 +/- 37.6 mg/dL respectively). A similar trend was found in the offspring, with the highest @entity5784 and @entity3452 values in the @entity1 of complete @entity64 @entity1 (12.6 +/- 4.4 mumol/L and 23.0 +/- 24.6 mg/dL). The control values were respectively 8.7 +/- 1.6 mumol/L and 5.35 +/- 7.05 mg/dL. The following correlations between the parents and @entity1 were noted: @entity3452 (r = 0.87 p < 0.0001), UA (r = 0.71 p < 0.001), @entity5784 (r = 0.45 p < 0.05), FVII (r = 0.45 p < 0.05), and @entity2002 (r = 0.42 p = 0.06). Correlations between @entity3452 and @entity5784 (r = 0.47 p < 0.05) and @entity2002 and FVII (r = 0.60 p < 0.01) were found in the @entity1 . Multiple regression analysis revealed that only @entity3452 and @entity2002 significantly influenced @entity5784 levels in the offspring with a positive family history. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5784 levels correlate with the severity of @entity385 and, in families with a history of @entity385 , the levels of the risk factors in @entity1 are determined by the levels in their parents.

title: XXXX , @entity1255 and a family history of early @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic disease', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebral stroke']

answer: @entity3452 :: (4018,Gene) :: ['Lp(a)']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: High plasma @entity3452 [ @entity3452 ] and @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) levels are now considered to be independent risk factors for cerebro- and cardiovascular @entity731 , but little is known about the influence of @entity3452 and @entity5784 on the early events of @entity63 or their significance in subjects with a positive family history of @entity63 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity5784 levels and the severity of @entity385 , and investigate whether there was a correlation between @entity3452 and @entity5784 levels in the @entity64 @entity1 and their @entity1 . METHODS: The study involved 35 @entity1 with early @entity385 aged 46.1 +/- 6.6 years and their 50 @entity1 aged 17.2 +/- 5.5 years. The @entity1 were grouped on the basis of the form of the @entity64 (transient, progressive or complete @entity64 ), and their levels of @entity3452 , @entity5784 , @entity414 (UA), @entity2002 ( @entity2002 ) and factor VII (FVII) activity were measured. RESULTS: @entity5784 and @entity3452 concentrations increased with the severity of the @entity63 , being highest in the @entity1 with complete @entity64 (15.1 +/- 2.9 mumol/L and 32.9 +/- 37.6 mg/dL respectively). A similar trend was found in the offspring, with the highest @entity5784 and @entity3452 values in the @entity1 of complete @entity64 @entity1 (12.6 +/- 4.4 mumol/L and 23.0 +/- 24.6 mg/dL). The control values were respectively 8.7 +/- 1.6 mumol/L and 5.35 +/- 7.05 mg/dL. The following correlations between the parents and @entity1 were noted: @entity3452 (r = 0.87 p < 0.0001), UA (r = 0.71 p < 0.001), @entity5784 (r = 0.45 p < 0.05), FVII (r = 0.45 p < 0.05), and @entity2002 (r = 0.42 p = 0.06). Correlations between @entity3452 and @entity5784 (r = 0.47 p < 0.05) and @entity2002 and FVII (r = 0.60 p < 0.01) were found in the @entity1 . Multiple regression analysis revealed that only @entity3452 and @entity2002 significantly influenced @entity5784 levels in the offspring with a positive family history. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5784 levels correlate with the severity of @entity385 and, in families with a history of @entity385 , the levels of the risk factors in @entity1 are determined by the levels in their parents.

title: @entity3452 , XXXX and a family history of early @entity385 .

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: High plasma @entity3452 [ @entity3452 ] and @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) levels are now considered to be independent risk factors for cerebro- and cardiovascular @entity731 , but little is known about the influence of @entity3452 and @entity5784 on the early events of @entity63 or their significance in subjects with a positive family history of @entity63 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity5784 levels and the severity of @entity385 , and investigate whether there was a correlation between @entity3452 and @entity5784 levels in the @entity64 @entity1 and their @entity1 . METHODS: The study involved 35 @entity1 with early @entity385 aged 46.1 +/- 6.6 years and their 50 @entity1 aged 17.2 +/- 5.5 years. The @entity1 were grouped on the basis of the form of the @entity64 (transient, progressive or complete @entity64 ), and their levels of @entity3452 , @entity5784 , @entity414 (UA), @entity2002 ( @entity2002 ) and factor VII (FVII) activity were measured. RESULTS: @entity5784 and @entity3452 concentrations increased with the severity of the @entity63 , being highest in the @entity1 with complete @entity64 (15.1 +/- 2.9 mumol/L and 32.9 +/- 37.6 mg/dL respectively). A similar trend was found in the offspring, with the highest @entity5784 and @entity3452 values in the @entity1 of complete @entity64 @entity1 (12.6 +/- 4.4 mumol/L and 23.0 +/- 24.6 mg/dL). The control values were respectively 8.7 +/- 1.6 mumol/L and 5.35 +/- 7.05 mg/dL. The following correlations between the parents and @entity1 were noted: @entity3452 (r = 0.87 p < 0.0001), UA (r = 0.71 p < 0.001), @entity5784 (r = 0.45 p < 0.05), FVII (r = 0.45 p < 0.05), and @entity2002 (r = 0.42 p = 0.06). Correlations between @entity3452 and @entity5784 (r = 0.47 p < 0.05) and @entity2002 and FVII (r = 0.60 p < 0.01) were found in the @entity1 . Multiple regression analysis revealed that only @entity3452 and @entity2002 significantly influenced @entity5784 levels in the offspring with a positive family history. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5784 levels correlate with the severity of @entity385 and, in families with a history of @entity385 , the levels of the risk factors in @entity1 are determined by the levels in their parents.

title: @entity3452 , @entity1255 and a family history of early XXXX .

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic cerebral stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increase in @entity56 is still unexplained. It was hypothesized that the intake of @entity1474 is a contributing cause of this development. We investigated the relationship between serum @entity165 levels, intake of @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) and manifestations of @entity402 in a population-based setting. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed within the population of the 3rd MONICA survey in Augsburg (Germany). The serum levels of total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 of 1537 adults (aged 28-78 years, response 61.4%) and the estimated intake of @entity5204 in a subset of 139 @entity1 were compared with the frequency of a doctor's diagnosis of @entity565 , @entity56 ( @entity56 ), @entity483 ( @entity483 ) and @entity56 sensitization as measured by skin prick and Radio Allergo Sorbent Test. FINDINGS: In bivariate analyses, we obtained a negative linear association between total and LDL @entity165 levels and the frequency of @entity56 and sensitization, which was no longer significant after adjustment for important confounders. In contrast, positive linear associations were found between HDL @entity165 levels and @entity56 and @entity483 and, furthermore, between the intake of @entity5204 and @entity56 sensitization in @entity1 (P<0.01). After adjustment, an increasing risk for @entity66 with increasing levels of HDL @entity165 and an increasing risk for @entity56 sensitization with increasing intakes of @entity5204 remained statistically significant. INTERPRETATION: There is indication that HDL @entity165 also plays a role in the complex interaction of fat intake, metabolism and the manifestation of @entity402 in adults. These findings may contribute to the understanding of time trends and regional differences of @entity566 .

title: Intake of @entity1474 and HDL XXXX levels are associated with manifestations of @entity402 in adults.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['AE', 'atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids', 'unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic rhinoconjunctivitis', 'AR', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increase in @entity56 is still unexplained. It was hypothesized that the intake of @entity1474 is a contributing cause of this development. We investigated the relationship between serum @entity165 levels, intake of @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) and manifestations of @entity402 in a population-based setting. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed within the population of the 3rd MONICA survey in Augsburg (Germany). The serum levels of total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 of 1537 adults (aged 28-78 years, response 61.4%) and the estimated intake of @entity5204 in a subset of 139 @entity1 were compared with the frequency of a doctor's diagnosis of @entity565 , @entity56 ( @entity56 ), @entity483 ( @entity483 ) and @entity56 sensitization as measured by skin prick and Radio Allergo Sorbent Test. FINDINGS: In bivariate analyses, we obtained a negative linear association between total and LDL @entity165 levels and the frequency of @entity56 and sensitization, which was no longer significant after adjustment for important confounders. In contrast, positive linear associations were found between HDL @entity165 levels and @entity56 and @entity483 and, furthermore, between the intake of @entity5204 and @entity56 sensitization in @entity1 (P<0.01). After adjustment, an increasing risk for @entity66 with increasing levels of HDL @entity165 and an increasing risk for @entity56 sensitization with increasing intakes of @entity5204 remained statistically significant. INTERPRETATION: There is indication that HDL @entity165 also plays a role in the complex interaction of fat intake, metabolism and the manifestation of @entity402 in adults. These findings may contribute to the understanding of time trends and regional differences of @entity566 .

title: Intake of XXXX and HDL @entity165 levels are associated with manifestations of @entity402 in adults.

answer: @entity1474 :: (MESH:D005231,Chemical) :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increase in @entity56 is still unexplained. It was hypothesized that the intake of @entity1474 is a contributing cause of this development. We investigated the relationship between serum @entity165 levels, intake of @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) and manifestations of @entity402 in a population-based setting. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed within the population of the 3rd MONICA survey in Augsburg (Germany). The serum levels of total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 of 1537 adults (aged 28-78 years, response 61.4%) and the estimated intake of @entity5204 in a subset of 139 @entity1 were compared with the frequency of a doctor's diagnosis of @entity565 , @entity56 ( @entity56 ), @entity483 ( @entity483 ) and @entity56 sensitization as measured by skin prick and Radio Allergo Sorbent Test. FINDINGS: In bivariate analyses, we obtained a negative linear association between total and LDL @entity165 levels and the frequency of @entity56 and sensitization, which was no longer significant after adjustment for important confounders. In contrast, positive linear associations were found between HDL @entity165 levels and @entity56 and @entity483 and, furthermore, between the intake of @entity5204 and @entity56 sensitization in @entity1 (P<0.01). After adjustment, an increasing risk for @entity66 with increasing levels of HDL @entity165 and an increasing risk for @entity56 sensitization with increasing intakes of @entity5204 remained statistically significant. INTERPRETATION: There is indication that HDL @entity165 also plays a role in the complex interaction of fat intake, metabolism and the manifestation of @entity402 in adults. These findings may contribute to the understanding of time trends and regional differences of @entity566 .

title: Intake of @entity1474 and HDL @entity165 levels are associated with manifestations of XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity402 :: (MESH:C564133,Disease) :: ['atopy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous occlusion of secundum type @entity118 with an Amplatzer device is an effective treatment alternative. However, there is little information about the use of this treatment for large defects. @entity1 AND METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed the initial and follow-up findings in 31 @entity1 aged 41 18 years who had large @entity118 (>= 30 mm diameter). Mean defect diameter evaluated by the balloon occlusion method was 33.4 3.4 mm (range, 30-40 mm). In all @entity1 we attempted the implantation of an Amplatzer septal occluder. RESULTS: The implant was successful in 23 @entity1 (74%); 3 of whom had a double orifice. The size of the device was 34 3 mm diameter (range, 30-38 mm). Combined associated procedures were @entity358 in 3 @entity1 and coronary stent implantation in 1. In 4 out of 8 @entity1 where we failed, the implant was attempted but the device was unstable so we decided to retrieve it; in the remaining 4 @entity1 , balloon measurement alone contraindicated the procedure. All @entity1 did well, but one had cardiac tamponade during the procedure that was resolved in the catheterization laboratory. After 15 12 months of follow-up all 31 @entity1 were alive and those who had functional limitation before treatment remained stable, with significant clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous device occlusion of large @entity118 is feasible and effective in most @entity1 .

title: [Percutaneous closure of large XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'atrial septal defects']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the effect of modified Anderson's procedure in @entity346 surgery with pure horizontal torticollis. METHOD: Retrospective study of 8 @entity1 with @entity346 and pure horizontal torticollis that were surgically treated in our hospital in a 4 years period. Mean age of the sample was 9 years, SD 8.6 (range 4-30). Large bilateral recessions were made in the yoke rectus muscles that are responsible for the versions to obtain the null position. The amount of surgery was variable according to the torticollis intensity and the association of strabismus. Follow-up length ranged from 15 to 45 months (average 31.14, SD 11.55). RESULTS: Torticollis improved in all @entity1 at the end of the study. A good result was achieved in 62.5% of the cases, with a residual torticollis inferior to 10 degrees. In two cases, severe torticollis improved to a moderate one (10-20 degrees ). Torticollis reversal occurred in one @entity1 , who needed a second operation. Neither clinically significant ductions limitations, nor secondary strabismus were found. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Anderson's procedure was effective for treating moderate horizontal torticollis with @entity346 . Severe torticollis were not totally corrected. Large muscle recessions were not associated with clinically significant ductions limitations. There was not secondary strabismus (Arch Soc @entity10223 Oftalmol 2003; 78: 481-486).

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX with horizontal torticollis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

answer: @entity346 :: (MESH:D009759,Disease) :: ['nystagmus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In many @entity5 , intratumoral microvascular density (MVD) has been suggested to be a prognostic parameter. We aimed to provide a quantitative evaluation of intratumoral microvascular density in a large series of resected endocrine @entity5 of the pancreas and to evaluate the potential prognostic significance of this parameter. METHODS: Eighty-two @entity5 from 77 @entity1 have been studied. MVD was evaluated by 2 observers after @entity2280 immunostaining and correlated with the following parameters: WHO classification, hormonal profile, @entity5 size, @entity7 expression, occurrence of @entity3 , duration of survival. RESULTS: MVD ranged from 5 to 92 vessels/field. MVD was significantly higher in well-differentiated @entity5 of uncertain behavior and in @entity189 . No close correlation was found between MVD and the hormonal profile. MVD was significantly higher in @entity5 characterized by the following histoprognostic parameters: size <2 cm, proliferation index <2%, no evidence of @entity3 . No close correlation was observed between MVD and @entity7 expression. Finally, a MVD <30 vessels/field was associated with the occurrence of @entity3 in @entity5 <2 cm and/or with a proliferation index <2% and with a significantly shorter survival after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative analysis of microvessel density in @entity788 may identify @entity1 who, despite favorable conventional histoprognostic factors, are at risk of unfavorable evolution.

title: Low microvessel density is an unfavorable histoprognostic factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic endocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign endocrine tumors than in tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic endocrine tumors']


abstract: An immunohistochemical method for assessing cell-cycle phase distribution in colorectal resection specimens would enable phase data to be incorporated into diagnostic algorithms for the estimation of prognosis and response to adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity14 . In contrast to flow cytometry, an immunohistochemical method would also allow the phase distribution to be examined within morphologically heterogeneous regions of @entity5 . Paraffin sections of normal colon (n = 25), @entity1586 (n = 15), and @entity694 (n = 30) were analysed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against markers of cell-cycle entry, @entity9965 and Ki67, and putative markers of the cell-cycle phase, cyclins @entity12840 (putative markers of G1 phase), @entity7596 (S phase), cytoplasmic @entity8189 (G2 phase), and phosphohistone H3 (M phase). The phase specificity of each marker was assessed by examining the degree of co-expression of adjacent phase markers using double-antibody fluorescence confocal microscopy and by comparison with flow cytometric analysis performed on adjacent tissue sections. The S-phase specificity of detectable @entity7596 was also assessed in combination with in situ DNA replication using fluorescence confocal microscopy. All cells expressing phase markers co-expressed @entity9965 . Adjacent phase markers were not significantly co-expressed, confirming the relative specificity of these markers in tissue sections of colon. Cell-cycle phase distribution, calculated by immunohistochemistry, compared well with phase analyses obtained by flow cytometry. No cells expressed @entity7596 in the absence of active DNA replication. The S-phase labelling index, as defined by detectable @entity7596 expression, showed a positive correlation with the @entity9965 labelling index and increased in the progression from normal colon to @entity420 . In conclusion, a combination of these cell-cycle phase markers can be used to calculate the distribution of cells throughout each phase of the cell cycle in colorectal tissue sections. Detectable @entity7596 can be used as a surrogate marker of S phase and may be of value in predicting prognosis and response to adjuvant therapy.

title: A novel immunohistochemical method to estimate cell-cycle phase distribution in archival tissue: implications for the prediction of outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: In cementless fixation systems, surface character is an important factor. Alkali and heat treatments of @entity702 metal have been shown to produce strong bonding to bone and a higher ongrowth rate. In this study we examined the effect of alkali and heat treatments on @entity702 rods in an intramedullary @entity95 femur model, in regard to the cementless hip stem. The implant rods were 5 mm in diameter and 25 mm in length. Half of the implants were immersed in 5 mol/L @entity7159 solution and heated at 600 degrees C for 1 h ( @entity3798 implants), and the other half were untreated (CL implants). The rods were implanted into the distal femur of the @entity95 ; @entity3798 implants into the left femur and CL implants into the right. The bone-implant interfaces were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after implantation. Pull-out tests showed that the @entity3798 implants had a significantly higher bonding strength to bone than the CL implants at each time point. As postoperative time elapsed, histological examination revealed that new bone formed on the surface of both types of implants, but significantly more bone made direct contact with the surface of the @entity3798 implants. At 12 weeks, approximately 56% of the whole surface of the @entity3798 implants was covered with the bone. In conclusion, alkali- and heat-treated @entity702 offers strong bone bonding and a high affinity to bone as opposed to a conventional mechanical interlocking mechanism. Alkali and heat treatments of @entity702 may be suitable surface treatments for cementless joint replacement implants.

title: Biology of alkali- and heat-treated XXXX implants.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity7159 :: ('MESH:D012972', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hydroxide']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: Extracellular @entity855 mediates diverse biological effects by activating two families of receptors, the P2X and P2Y receptors. There is growing evidence to show that activation of G protein-coupled P2Y receptors can produce trophic effects in many cell types. Yet the expression and function of the P2Y receptors in development has rarely been studied and has never been investigated in @entity1 development. This study used the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate the abundant and dynamic expression of P2Y receptors in @entity35 development. These receptors were expressed in a wide range of @entity2085 , notably somites, skeletal muscle, the central and peripheral nervous system, the heart, lung, and liver. All the P2Y receptors studied were expressed as early as embryonic day 11, when most embryonic organs were far from being functional and still in the process of being formed. P2Y receptor proteins were strongly expressed in temporary, developmental structures that do not have a correlate in the adult animal, including the somites ( @entity15094 , @entity9897 , and @entity29445 ) and the floor plate of the neural tube ( @entity15094 ). P2Y receptors were also dynamically expressed, with receptor mRNA and protein being both up- and down-regulated at different developmental stages. The down-regulation of the @entity15094 proteins in skeletal muscle and heart, and the disappearance of the @entity29445 receptor from the brainstem and ventral white matter of the spinal cord postnatally, demonstrated that many P2Y receptors were likely to be involved in functions specific to embryonic life. Thus, these findings strongly suggest that P2Y receptors play an important role in the development of many tissues, and pioneer further studies into the role of purinergic signalling in development.

title: Abundant and dynamic expression of G protein-coupled P2Y receptors in XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic structures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity19865 is a benign disorder, predominantly affecting young @entity1 with a predilection for @entity3799 . Although the disease has been recognized worldwide, to our knowledge no cases have been reported previously from Nepal. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of @entity19865 in Nepal and to analyze clinicopathologic features. METHODS: We reviewed 6 cases of @entity19865 recorded at 3 different hospitals in Nepal during a period from June 1998 to June 2002. Clinical data and histopathology are presented. RESULTS: This study included 5 females and 1 @entity1 , aged 13 to 32 years. These @entity1 presented with prolonged @entity221 and @entity3329 . The 5 female @entity1 had @entity3799 , and the @entity1 had @entity3329 . Complete blood counts revealed raised erythrocyte sedimentation rates in all @entity1 and @entity417 in 2 @entity1 . The size of excised lymph nodes (in greatest dimension) ranged from 1.5 to 5 cm. Typical histologic features were seen, namely, architectural effacement due to presence of pale nodular lymphohistiocytic foci with @entity5922 , coagulation @entity39 , @entity1712 , and absence of granulocytic infiltration. In a follow-up of the cases, disease recurrence was not found. CONCLUSION: Our study emphasizes that @entity19865 should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses in @entity1 with prolonged @entity221 and @entity3799 and that it should be differentiated from @entity1600 in regions where @entity378 is prevalent.

title: XXXX in Nepal: a study of 6 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy', 'axillary lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic debris']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity5922 :: ('MESH:C536356', 'Disease') :: ['karyorrhectic debris']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity19865 :: ('MESH:D020042', 'Disease') :: ['Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity19865 :: (MESH:D020042,Disease) :: ['Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylaxis is recommended following total joint replacement because of the high risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). Postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) reduces the incidence of venographically detected @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) to about 10-15% in total hip replacement (THR) @entity1 . @entity24772 is a novel, oral direct @entity556 inhibitor that selectively and competitively inhibits both free and clot-bound @entity556 . We compared the efficacy and safety of @entity24772 with those of @entity2120 for the prevention of @entity1211 in @entity1 undergoing THR. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind study conducted principally in the USA and Canada. @entity1 received fixed-dose oral @entity24772 24 mg bid or subcutaneous @entity2120 30 mg bid and matched placebo for 7-12 days; both regimens were initiated the morning after surgery. The incidence of @entity1211 (by postoperative day 12) included @entity715 determined by mandatory venography of the leg on which surgery was performed and symptomatic, objectively proven @entity1150 or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). @entity1211 and @entity548 events were interpreted by an independent central adjudication committee for primary analysis. RESULTS: Of the 1838 @entity1 randomized, 1557 had either adequate venography or symptomatic, proven @entity1211 (efficacy population). Overall rate of venography acceptable for evaluation was 85.4%. Overall rates of total @entity1211 were 7.9% (62 of 782 @entity1 ) in the @entity24772 group and 4.6% (36 of 775 @entity1 ) in the @entity2120 group, with an absolute difference of 3.3% and a 95% confidence interval for the difference of 0.9% to 5.7%. Proximal @entity1150 and/or @entity1151 occurred in 3.6% (28 of 782 @entity1 ) in the @entity24772 group and 1.2% (nine of 774 @entity1 ) in the @entity2120 group. Major @entity548 events were observed in 0.8% (seven of 906) of the @entity24772 -treated @entity1 and in 0.9% (eight of 910) of the @entity2120 -treated @entity1 (P > 0.95). Non-inferiority of @entity24772 24 mg bid based on a prespecified margin of 5% was not met, resulting in superiority of the @entity2120 regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity24772 and @entity2120 decreased the overall rate of @entity1211 compared with that reported historically. However, in this study, @entity2120 30 mg bid was more effective than @entity24772 24 mg bid for prevention of @entity1211 in THR. Oral @entity24772 was used without coagulation monitoring, was well tolerated, and had @entity548 rates comparable to those of @entity2120 . Further refinement by testing a higher dose of @entity24772 in the @entity1 undergoing THR is warranted.

title: Comparison of @entity24772 , an oral direct @entity556 inhibitor, with @entity2120 for the prevention of XXXX following total hip replacement. A randomized, double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

entities_list: @entity24772 :: ('MESH:C426686', 'Chemical') :: ['Ximelagatran', 'ximelagatran']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylaxis is recommended following total joint replacement because of the high risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). Postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) reduces the incidence of venographically detected @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) to about 10-15% in total hip replacement (THR) @entity1 . @entity24772 is a novel, oral direct @entity556 inhibitor that selectively and competitively inhibits both free and clot-bound @entity556 . We compared the efficacy and safety of @entity24772 with those of @entity2120 for the prevention of @entity1211 in @entity1 undergoing THR. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind study conducted principally in the USA and Canada. @entity1 received fixed-dose oral @entity24772 24 mg bid or subcutaneous @entity2120 30 mg bid and matched placebo for 7-12 days; both regimens were initiated the morning after surgery. The incidence of @entity1211 (by postoperative day 12) included @entity715 determined by mandatory venography of the leg on which surgery was performed and symptomatic, objectively proven @entity1150 or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). @entity1211 and @entity548 events were interpreted by an independent central adjudication committee for primary analysis. RESULTS: Of the 1838 @entity1 randomized, 1557 had either adequate venography or symptomatic, proven @entity1211 (efficacy population). Overall rate of venography acceptable for evaluation was 85.4%. Overall rates of total @entity1211 were 7.9% (62 of 782 @entity1 ) in the @entity24772 group and 4.6% (36 of 775 @entity1 ) in the @entity2120 group, with an absolute difference of 3.3% and a 95% confidence interval for the difference of 0.9% to 5.7%. Proximal @entity1150 and/or @entity1151 occurred in 3.6% (28 of 782 @entity1 ) in the @entity24772 group and 1.2% (nine of 774 @entity1 ) in the @entity2120 group. Major @entity548 events were observed in 0.8% (seven of 906) of the @entity24772 -treated @entity1 and in 0.9% (eight of 910) of the @entity2120 -treated @entity1 (P > 0.95). Non-inferiority of @entity24772 24 mg bid based on a prespecified margin of 5% was not met, resulting in superiority of the @entity2120 regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity24772 and @entity2120 decreased the overall rate of @entity1211 compared with that reported historically. However, in this study, @entity2120 30 mg bid was more effective than @entity24772 24 mg bid for prevention of @entity1211 in THR. Oral @entity24772 was used without coagulation monitoring, was well tolerated, and had @entity548 rates comparable to those of @entity2120 . Further refinement by testing a higher dose of @entity24772 in the @entity1 undergoing THR is warranted.

title: Comparison of XXXX , an oral direct @entity556 inhibitor, with @entity2120 for the prevention of @entity1211 following total hip replacement. A randomized, double-blind study.

answer: @entity24772 :: (MESH:C426686,Chemical) :: ['ximelagatran']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylaxis is recommended following total joint replacement because of the high risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). Postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) reduces the incidence of venographically detected @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) to about 10-15% in total hip replacement (THR) @entity1 . @entity24772 is a novel, oral direct @entity556 inhibitor that selectively and competitively inhibits both free and clot-bound @entity556 . We compared the efficacy and safety of @entity24772 with those of @entity2120 for the prevention of @entity1211 in @entity1 undergoing THR. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind study conducted principally in the USA and Canada. @entity1 received fixed-dose oral @entity24772 24 mg bid or subcutaneous @entity2120 30 mg bid and matched placebo for 7-12 days; both regimens were initiated the morning after surgery. The incidence of @entity1211 (by postoperative day 12) included @entity715 determined by mandatory venography of the leg on which surgery was performed and symptomatic, objectively proven @entity1150 or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). @entity1211 and @entity548 events were interpreted by an independent central adjudication committee for primary analysis. RESULTS: Of the 1838 @entity1 randomized, 1557 had either adequate venography or symptomatic, proven @entity1211 (efficacy population). Overall rate of venography acceptable for evaluation was 85.4%. Overall rates of total @entity1211 were 7.9% (62 of 782 @entity1 ) in the @entity24772 group and 4.6% (36 of 775 @entity1 ) in the @entity2120 group, with an absolute difference of 3.3% and a 95% confidence interval for the difference of 0.9% to 5.7%. Proximal @entity1150 and/or @entity1151 occurred in 3.6% (28 of 782 @entity1 ) in the @entity24772 group and 1.2% (nine of 774 @entity1 ) in the @entity2120 group. Major @entity548 events were observed in 0.8% (seven of 906) of the @entity24772 -treated @entity1 and in 0.9% (eight of 910) of the @entity2120 -treated @entity1 (P > 0.95). Non-inferiority of @entity24772 24 mg bid based on a prespecified margin of 5% was not met, resulting in superiority of the @entity2120 regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity24772 and @entity2120 decreased the overall rate of @entity1211 compared with that reported historically. However, in this study, @entity2120 30 mg bid was more effective than @entity24772 24 mg bid for prevention of @entity1211 in THR. Oral @entity24772 was used without coagulation monitoring, was well tolerated, and had @entity548 rates comparable to those of @entity2120 . Further refinement by testing a higher dose of @entity24772 in the @entity1 undergoing THR is warranted.

title: Comparison of @entity24772 , an oral direct @entity556 inhibitor, with XXXX for the prevention of @entity1211 following total hip replacement. A randomized, double-blind study.

answer: @entity2120 :: (MESH:D017984,Chemical) :: ['enoxaparin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylaxis is recommended following total joint replacement because of the high risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). Postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) reduces the incidence of venographically detected @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) to about 10-15% in total hip replacement (THR) @entity1 . @entity24772 is a novel, oral direct @entity556 inhibitor that selectively and competitively inhibits both free and clot-bound @entity556 . We compared the efficacy and safety of @entity24772 with those of @entity2120 for the prevention of @entity1211 in @entity1 undergoing THR. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind study conducted principally in the USA and Canada. @entity1 received fixed-dose oral @entity24772 24 mg bid or subcutaneous @entity2120 30 mg bid and matched placebo for 7-12 days; both regimens were initiated the morning after surgery. The incidence of @entity1211 (by postoperative day 12) included @entity715 determined by mandatory venography of the leg on which surgery was performed and symptomatic, objectively proven @entity1150 or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). @entity1211 and @entity548 events were interpreted by an independent central adjudication committee for primary analysis. RESULTS: Of the 1838 @entity1 randomized, 1557 had either adequate venography or symptomatic, proven @entity1211 (efficacy population). Overall rate of venography acceptable for evaluation was 85.4%. Overall rates of total @entity1211 were 7.9% (62 of 782 @entity1 ) in the @entity24772 group and 4.6% (36 of 775 @entity1 ) in the @entity2120 group, with an absolute difference of 3.3% and a 95% confidence interval for the difference of 0.9% to 5.7%. Proximal @entity1150 and/or @entity1151 occurred in 3.6% (28 of 782 @entity1 ) in the @entity24772 group and 1.2% (nine of 774 @entity1 ) in the @entity2120 group. Major @entity548 events were observed in 0.8% (seven of 906) of the @entity24772 -treated @entity1 and in 0.9% (eight of 910) of the @entity2120 -treated @entity1 (P > 0.95). Non-inferiority of @entity24772 24 mg bid based on a prespecified margin of 5% was not met, resulting in superiority of the @entity2120 regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity24772 and @entity2120 decreased the overall rate of @entity1211 compared with that reported historically. However, in this study, @entity2120 30 mg bid was more effective than @entity24772 24 mg bid for prevention of @entity1211 in THR. Oral @entity24772 was used without coagulation monitoring, was well tolerated, and had @entity548 rates comparable to those of @entity2120 . Further refinement by testing a higher dose of @entity24772 in the @entity1 undergoing THR is warranted.

title: Comparison of @entity24772 , an oral direct XXXX inhibitor, with @entity2120 for the prevention of @entity1211 following total hip replacement. A randomized, double-blind study.

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined whether there were racial differences in initial treatment for clinically localized @entity263 and investigated whether demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, or @entity5 characteristics could explain any racial differences. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Population-based @entity5 registries in Connecticut, Los Angeles, and Atlanta. @entity1 : We evaluated 1144 African-American and non-Hispanic white @entity1 , aged 50 to 74 years, with clinically localized @entity5 diagnosed between October 1994 and October 1995. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We obtained demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data from @entity1 surveys and medical record abstractions. We reported adjusted percentages for receiving treatment derived from multinomial logistic regression. We found an interaction between race and @entity146 . Among @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity7735 > or = 20 ng/mL or Gleason score > or = 8), African Americans were less likely to undergo radical prostatectomy than non-Hispanic whites (35.2% vs 52.0%), but more likely to receive conservative management (38.9% vs 16.3%, P=.003). Among the 71% of subjects with @entity5 , African Americans and non-Hispanic whites were equally likely to receive either radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy (80.0% vs 84.5%, P=.2). CONCLUSIONS: African Americans with @entity5 were less likely to undergo radical prostatectomy and more likely to be treated conservatively. These treatment differences may reflect African Americans' greater likelihood for presenting with pathologically advanced @entity5 for which surgery has limited effectiveness. Among @entity1 with @entity5 -the majority of cases-there were no racial differences in undergoing radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy.

title: Racial differences in initial treatment for clinically localized XXXX . Results from the @entity263 outcomes study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['less aggressive cancers', 'tumor', 'more aggressive cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined whether there were racial differences in initial treatment for clinically localized @entity263 and investigated whether demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, or @entity5 characteristics could explain any racial differences. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Population-based @entity5 registries in Connecticut, Los Angeles, and Atlanta. @entity1 : We evaluated 1144 African-American and non-Hispanic white @entity1 , aged 50 to 74 years, with clinically localized @entity5 diagnosed between October 1994 and October 1995. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We obtained demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data from @entity1 surveys and medical record abstractions. We reported adjusted percentages for receiving treatment derived from multinomial logistic regression. We found an interaction between race and @entity146 . Among @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity7735 > or = 20 ng/mL or Gleason score > or = 8), African Americans were less likely to undergo radical prostatectomy than non-Hispanic whites (35.2% vs 52.0%), but more likely to receive conservative management (38.9% vs 16.3%, P=.003). Among the 71% of subjects with @entity5 , African Americans and non-Hispanic whites were equally likely to receive either radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy (80.0% vs 84.5%, P=.2). CONCLUSIONS: African Americans with @entity5 were less likely to undergo radical prostatectomy and more likely to be treated conservatively. These treatment differences may reflect African Americans' greater likelihood for presenting with pathologically advanced @entity5 for which surgery has limited effectiveness. Among @entity1 with @entity5 -the majority of cases-there were no racial differences in undergoing radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy.

title: Racial differences in initial treatment for clinically localized @entity263 . Results from the XXXX outcomes study.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wandering has been described as one of the most challenging behaviours to manage and yet a search of the literature in the last two decades yields only a limited number of papers that specifically studied wandering. AIM: This paper reviews the current literature on wandering in relation to the nature of the phenomenon, attempts to classify the behaviour, the extent of the problem, the profile of those who wander, postulations about its aetiology, and intervention strategies being employed. METHOD: Eight literature databases were searched for the last 40 years up to February 2003 using 'wandering' and ' @entity303 ' as combined keywords. A total of 133 articles was included in the review. FINDINGS: The prevalence of wandering behaviour was difficult to assess and no conclusions could be reached. The typical wanderer depicted in the literature was relatively young in the older population, more @entity73 , more likely to be a @entity1 , might have experienced sleep problems, had a more active premorbid lifestyle, and used more psychotropic medications. While studies agreed that wanderers are more @entity73 , their findings did not necessarily agree on other attributes. Three major approaches, namely the biomedical, psychosocial and @entity1 -environment interaction perspectives, in conceptualizing wandering behaviour can be identified from the literature. Medications, activity programmes, behavioural modification and environmental manipulation have been used as interventions but none has so far demonstrated unequivocal effectiveness. CONCLUSION: Knowledge generated through research remains insufficient to explain fully why and when wandering occurs. Variability in how the phenomenon was defined and studied, and the small size of the samples made generalizability of findings difficult. Future research should incorporate a clearer definition of wandering; a specific targeted population with representative sample size; appropriate subject identification strategies; focussed interventions, and better control conditions.

title: Wandering behaviour in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitively impaired']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wandering has been described as one of the most challenging behaviours to manage and yet a search of the literature in the last two decades yields only a limited number of papers that specifically studied wandering. AIM: This paper reviews the current literature on wandering in relation to the nature of the phenomenon, attempts to classify the behaviour, the extent of the problem, the profile of those who wander, postulations about its aetiology, and intervention strategies being employed. METHOD: Eight literature databases were searched for the last 40 years up to February 2003 using 'wandering' and ' @entity303 ' as combined keywords. A total of 133 articles was included in the review. FINDINGS: The prevalence of wandering behaviour was difficult to assess and no conclusions could be reached. The typical wanderer depicted in the literature was relatively young in the older population, more @entity73 , more likely to be a @entity1 , might have experienced sleep problems, had a more active premorbid lifestyle, and used more psychotropic medications. While studies agreed that wanderers are more @entity73 , their findings did not necessarily agree on other attributes. Three major approaches, namely the biomedical, psychosocial and @entity1 -environment interaction perspectives, in conceptualizing wandering behaviour can be identified from the literature. Medications, activity programmes, behavioural modification and environmental manipulation have been used as interventions but none has so far demonstrated unequivocal effectiveness. CONCLUSION: Knowledge generated through research remains insufficient to explain fully why and when wandering occurs. Variability in how the phenomenon was defined and studied, and the small size of the samples made generalizability of findings difficult. Future research should incorporate a clearer definition of wandering; a specific targeted population with representative sample size; appropriate subject identification strategies; focussed interventions, and better control conditions.

title: Wandering behaviour in XXXX with @entity303 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity3840 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides ( @entity2247 AS-ODNs) on the angiogenesis in @entity3123 and to evaluate the intermediary effect of @entity3009 2 in this process. METHODS: Specific targeting @entity2247 AS-ODNs were designed and synthesized, and transfected into the PC3 @entity1 @entity3123 cells cultured in vitro. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the PC3 cells 0.12. 24, 40, and 72 hours after the transfection. the second cultured PC3 cells were divided into 5 groups: control group, Lipo group (transfected with Lipofectin only), C1 group (transfected with 1 micro g @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo/well), C2 group (transfected with 2 micro g @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo/well), and C3 group (transfected with 3 micro g @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo/well). RT-PCR was used to observe the expression of @entity2247 mRNA in the PC3 cells. The third batch of PC3 cells were transfected with 3 micro g @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo/well, and the expression of @entity2247 mRNA was observed 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours later by RT-PCR. 3 micro g @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo/bottle and 9 micro g @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo/bottle were added into the cultured PC3 cells and Western blotting was used to observe the expression of @entity2247 protein 24 hours later. 24 @entity1573 eggs were inoculated with PC3 cells into the chorio-allantoic membrane and then divided equally into 5 groups; control group, Lipo group, @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo group, and @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo + @entity1421 group. Leica microscopy was used to observe the angiogenesis in the transplanted @entity189 . RESULTS: RT-PCR showed that the downregulation of expression of @entity2247 mRNA in the PC3 cells with the increase of the @entity2247 AS-ODN concentration, peaking at the concentration of 0.2 micro mol/L. The effect of @entity2247 AS-ODN was strongest by the 12th hour after transfection and then began to decrease and basically disappeared 48 hours after. Western blotting showed that @entity2247 AS-ODN, especially that of the concentration of the expression of 9 micro g/bottle, inhibited the expression of @entity2247 AS-ODN. The angiogenesis of the transplanted @entity189 in the eggs was significantly inhibited in the Lipo + @entity2247 AS-ODN group, the density of newly generated vessels in the Lipo + @entity2247 AS-ODN + @entity1421 group was between those of the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION: @entity2247 AS-ODN significantly inhibits the angiogenesis in the @entity3123 . Endogenous @entity2247 AS-ODN may play an important role in such a process and @entity1421 may play an intermediate role therein.

title: [Inhibition of angiogenesis in @entity3123 by XXXX antisense oligodeoxynucleotides].

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity3840 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides ( @entity2247 AS-ODNs) on the angiogenesis in @entity3123 and to evaluate the intermediary effect of @entity3009 2 in this process. METHODS: Specific targeting @entity2247 AS-ODNs were designed and synthesized, and transfected into the PC3 @entity1 @entity3123 cells cultured in vitro. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the PC3 cells 0.12. 24, 40, and 72 hours after the transfection. the second cultured PC3 cells were divided into 5 groups: control group, Lipo group (transfected with Lipofectin only), C1 group (transfected with 1 micro g @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo/well), C2 group (transfected with 2 micro g @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo/well), and C3 group (transfected with 3 micro g @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo/well). RT-PCR was used to observe the expression of @entity2247 mRNA in the PC3 cells. The third batch of PC3 cells were transfected with 3 micro g @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo/well, and the expression of @entity2247 mRNA was observed 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours later by RT-PCR. 3 micro g @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo/bottle and 9 micro g @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo/bottle were added into the cultured PC3 cells and Western blotting was used to observe the expression of @entity2247 protein 24 hours later. 24 @entity1573 eggs were inoculated with PC3 cells into the chorio-allantoic membrane and then divided equally into 5 groups; control group, Lipo group, @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo group, and @entity2247 AS-ODN + Lipo + @entity1421 group. Leica microscopy was used to observe the angiogenesis in the transplanted @entity189 . RESULTS: RT-PCR showed that the downregulation of expression of @entity2247 mRNA in the PC3 cells with the increase of the @entity2247 AS-ODN concentration, peaking at the concentration of 0.2 micro mol/L. The effect of @entity2247 AS-ODN was strongest by the 12th hour after transfection and then began to decrease and basically disappeared 48 hours after. Western blotting showed that @entity2247 AS-ODN, especially that of the concentration of the expression of 9 micro g/bottle, inhibited the expression of @entity2247 AS-ODN. The angiogenesis of the transplanted @entity189 in the eggs was significantly inhibited in the Lipo + @entity2247 AS-ODN group, the density of newly generated vessels in the Lipo + @entity2247 AS-ODN + @entity1421 group was between those of the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION: @entity2247 AS-ODN significantly inhibits the angiogenesis in the @entity3123 . Endogenous @entity2247 AS-ODN may play an important role in such a process and @entity1421 may play an intermediate role therein.

title: [Inhibition of angiogenesis in XXXX by @entity3840 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides].

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']