abstract: MSCs encounter extended @entity519 in the wound microenvironment yet little is known about their adaptability to this prolonged @entity519 milieu. In this study, we evaluated the cellular and molecular response of MSCs in extended @entity519 (1% @entity3612 ) versus normoxia (20% @entity3612 ) culture. Prolonged @entity519 induced a switch toward anaerobic glycolysis transcriptome and a dramatic increase in the transcript and protein levels of @entity3338 transporter-4 ( @entity71808 ) in MSCs. To clarify the impact of @entity71808 upregulation on MSC biology, we generated MSCs which stably overexpressed @entity71808 ( @entity71808 ) at levels similar to wild-type MSCs following prolonged @entity519 culture. Consistent with its role to efflux @entity880 to maintain intracellular pH, @entity71808 -MSCs demonstrated reduced intracellular @entity880 . To explore the in vivo significance of @entity71808 upregulation in MSC therapy, @entity19 were injected intramuscularly following MI with control (GFP)-MSCs, @entity71808 -MSCs, or MSCs in which @entity71808 expression was stably silenced (KDMCT4-MSCs). Overexpression of @entity71808 worsened cardiac remodeling and cardiac function whereas silencing of @entity71808 significantly improved cardiac function. @entity71808 -overexpressing MSC secretome induced reactive @entity26 species-mediated cardiomyocyte but not fibroblast apoptosis in vitro and in vivo; @entity880 alone recapitulated the effects of the @entity71808 -MSC secretome. Our findings suggest that @entity880 extruded by @entity71808 -overexpressing MSCs preferentially induced cell death in cardiomyocytes but not in fibroblasts, leading ultimately to a decline in cardiac function and increased scar size. A better understanding of stem cells response to prolonged @entity519 stress and the resultant stem cell-myocyte/fibroblast cross-talk is necessary to optimize MSC-based therapy for cardiac regeneration.

title: Prolonged XXXX induces monocarboxylate transporter-4 expression in mesenchymal stem cells resulting in a secretome that is deleterious to cardiovascular repair.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylate']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Background/Aims: Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic compound (stilbene) and a phytoalexin. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism which mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation of cholecystokinin octapeptide- or KCl-induced @entity2701 in male @entity840 gallbladder strips. Methods: Gallbladder strips were prepared and suspended in in vitro chambers filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The strips were attached to force displacement transducers, and the changes in @entity2701 were recorded on a polygraph. All reagents were added directly into the chambers. Results: To determine if intracellular Ca(2+) release mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation of cholecystokinin octapeptide-induced @entity2701 , 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB) was used. 2-APB significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the amount of RSVL-induced relaxation. To determine if @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation, @entity1129 inhibitor 14-22 amide myristolated ( @entity1129 -IM) was used. @entity1129 -IM had no effect on resveratrol-induced relaxation. Neither KT5823, N(G)-methyl-L-arginine acetate salt, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, nor fulvestrant had a significant effect on the amount of resveratrol-induced relaxation. Genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly (P < 0.01) increased the RSVL-induced relaxation. To determine if protein kinase C mediated the RSVL-induced relaxation, the protein kinase C inhibitors bisindolymaleimide IV and chelerythrine Cl- were used together, and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in resveratrol-induced relaxation was observed. The pretreatment of the strips with resveratrol significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the amount of KCl- and cholecystokinin octapeptide- induced @entity2701 . Conclusions: Resveratrol-induced relaxation is mediated by its effects on L-type Ca(2+) channels and intracellular Ca(2+) release.

title: The Resveratrol-induced Relaxation of Cholecystokinin Octapeptide- or KCl-induced @entity2701 in Male XXXX Gallbladder Strips Is Mediated Through L-type Ca(2+) Channels.

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase A', 'PKA']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['Guinea Pig']


abstract: Background/Aims: Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic compound (stilbene) and a phytoalexin. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism which mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation of cholecystokinin octapeptide- or KCl-induced @entity2701 in male @entity840 gallbladder strips. Methods: Gallbladder strips were prepared and suspended in in vitro chambers filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The strips were attached to force displacement transducers, and the changes in @entity2701 were recorded on a polygraph. All reagents were added directly into the chambers. Results: To determine if intracellular Ca(2+) release mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation of cholecystokinin octapeptide-induced @entity2701 , 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB) was used. 2-APB significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the amount of RSVL-induced relaxation. To determine if @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation, @entity1129 inhibitor 14-22 amide myristolated ( @entity1129 -IM) was used. @entity1129 -IM had no effect on resveratrol-induced relaxation. Neither KT5823, N(G)-methyl-L-arginine acetate salt, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, nor fulvestrant had a significant effect on the amount of resveratrol-induced relaxation. Genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly (P < 0.01) increased the RSVL-induced relaxation. To determine if protein kinase C mediated the RSVL-induced relaxation, the protein kinase C inhibitors bisindolymaleimide IV and chelerythrine Cl- were used together, and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in resveratrol-induced relaxation was observed. The pretreatment of the strips with resveratrol significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the amount of KCl- and cholecystokinin octapeptide- induced @entity2701 . Conclusions: Resveratrol-induced relaxation is mediated by its effects on L-type Ca(2+) channels and intracellular Ca(2+) release.

title: The Resveratrol-induced Relaxation of Cholecystokinin Octapeptide- or KCl-induced XXXX in Male @entity840 Gallbladder Strips Is Mediated Through L-type Ca(2+) Channels.

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['Tension']


abstract: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) cases found at autopsy in @entity1 who had died from other diseases and in whom no sign or symptom could be related to @entity15 are called "asymptomatic". Three cases are reported. The first @entity1 was a 62 year old @entity1 who presented with a slowly progressive disturbance of gait, @entity322 and deterioration of intellectual function. A @entity1653 was surgically removed. The @entity1 died 3 years later with an acute @entity1576 . Examination of the brain disclosed evidence of the operation and numerous old plaques disseminated through the cerebral hemispheres (centrum semi-ovale, periventricular regions, internal thalamus and junction between cortex and white matter) and in the brain stem. The second case, a 77 year old @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity101 , presented with @entity2414 of acute onset. She died one year later. Examination of the brain showed @entity1188 involving the territories of both posterior cerebral arteries and the left middle cerebral artery. Numerous old plaques were seen in the periventricular regions, in the corpus callosum and in the left middle cerebellar peduncle. The third case, a 60 year old @entity1 with @entity4794 , presented with @entity9326 and transient @entity1269 . She died 5 years later. Brain examination showed @entity1188 involving both middle cerebral artery territories. There was also many old plaques in the periventricular areas, thalamus, internal capsule, centrum semi-ovale, brain stem and right nucleus dentatus. In the 3 cases, the optic tracts were normal. The spinal cord, examined only in the first case, was also normal. The asymptomatic character of these @entity15 cases can be explained first by the location of the plaques and the lack of spinal cord and optic tract involvement. It could also be due to the small size of the plaques and to axonal preservation. Such features are rare since our 3 observations have been selected from a pathological collection of 125 @entity15 cases and 9,300 general neuropathological records. Six other cases have been previously reported by other authors.

title: [Asymptomatic XXXX - 3 cases (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity9326 :: ('MESH:D006313', 'Disease') :: ['cortical deafness']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['falx meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infarcts', 'infarcts']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral and aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['cortical blindness and disturbances of memory']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Temperature management using endovascular catheters is an established therapy in neurointensive care. Nonetheless, several case series have reported a high rate of @entity715 related to the use of endovascular @entity2332 catheters. METHODS: As a result of a @entity1151 that developed in a @entity1 after removing an inferior vena cava @entity2332 catheter, we designed a clinical protocol for managing and removing these devices. First, an invasive cavography was performed before the removal of the catheter. If there was a @entity715 , a cava vein filter was inserted through jugular access. After that, the catheter was removed. RESULTS: The venography found inferior vena cava thrombi in 18 of 20 consecutive @entity1 . A concomitant ultrasonography study showed vena cava @entity715 in only three @entity1 . A vena cava filter was inserted in all @entity1 where thrombi were found, without any significant complication. Anticoagulation was started in all @entity1 . No symptomatic @entity1151 was diagnosed until the time of discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of @entity715 related to temperature management catheters is extremely high (90  %). Furthermore, ultrasonography has a very low sensibility to detect cava vein @entity715 (16.7  %). The real meaning of our findings is unknown, but other temperature control systems could be a safer option. More studies are needed to confirm our findings.

title: Inferior @entity715 Related to XXXX Catheter: Report of 20 Consecutive Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['Hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Temperature management using endovascular catheters is an established therapy in neurointensive care. Nonetheless, several case series have reported a high rate of @entity715 related to the use of endovascular @entity2332 catheters. METHODS: As a result of a @entity1151 that developed in a @entity1 after removing an inferior vena cava @entity2332 catheter, we designed a clinical protocol for managing and removing these devices. First, an invasive cavography was performed before the removal of the catheter. If there was a @entity715 , a cava vein filter was inserted through jugular access. After that, the catheter was removed. RESULTS: The venography found inferior vena cava thrombi in 18 of 20 consecutive @entity1 . A concomitant ultrasonography study showed vena cava @entity715 in only three @entity1 . A vena cava filter was inserted in all @entity1 where thrombi were found, without any significant complication. Anticoagulation was started in all @entity1 . No symptomatic @entity1151 was diagnosed until the time of discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of @entity715 related to temperature management catheters is extremely high (90  %). Furthermore, ultrasonography has a very low sensibility to detect cava vein @entity715 (16.7  %). The real meaning of our findings is unknown, but other temperature control systems could be a safer option. More studies are needed to confirm our findings.

title: Inferior XXXX Related to @entity2332 Catheter: Report of 20 Consecutive Cases.

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Vena Cava Thrombosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity313 s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Muleba, Tanzania has developed high levels of resistance to most insecticides currently advocated for @entity311 control. The kdr mutation has almost reached fixation in An.   gambiae s.s. in Muleba. This change has the potential to jeopardize @entity311 control interventions carried out in the region. Trends in insecticide resistance were monitored in two intervention villages using World Health Organization (WHO) susceptibility test kits. Additional mechanisms contributing to observed phenotypic resistance were investigated using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) bottle bioassays with @entity33638 ( @entity20333 ) and @entity39804 ( @entity39804 ) synergists. Resistance genotyping for kdr and Ace-1 alleles was conducted using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In both study villages, high phenotypic resistance to several @entity312 and @entity318 was observed, with mortality in the range of 12-23%. There was a sharp decrease in mortality in An.   gambiae s.l. exposed to @entity14025 ( @entity2961 ) from 84% in November 2011 to 31% in December 2012 after two rounds of bendiocarb-based indoor residual spraying (IRS). @entity313 s.l. remained susceptible to @entity21095 (organophosphate). Bendiocarb-based IRS did not lead to the reversion of pyrethroid resistance. There was no evidence for selection for Ace-1 resistance alleles. The need to investigate the operational impact of the observed resistance selection on the effectiveness of longlasting insecticidal nets and IRS for @entity311 control is urgent.

title: Trends in the selection of insecticide resistance in XXXX s.l. mosquitoes in northwest Tanzania during a community randomized trial of longlasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying.

entities_list: @entity39804 :: ('MESH:C006863', 'Chemical') :: ['S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate', 'DEF']

entities_list: @entity312 :: ('MESH:D011722', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrethroids']

entities_list: @entity21095 :: ('MESH:C014153', 'Chemical') :: ['pirimiphos-methyl']

entities_list: @entity14025 :: ('MESH:C007725', 'Chemical') :: ['bendiocarb']

entities_list: @entity2961 :: ('CHEBI:28616', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamate']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

entities_list: @entity33638 :: ('MESH:D010882', 'Chemical') :: ['piperonylbutoxide']

answer: @entity313 :: (7165,Species) :: ['Anopheles gambiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to report on treatment outcome of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for early-stage (cT1-2 cN0 M0) squamous cell @entity189 , as compared with @entity1 treated with conventional radiotherapy. METHODS: Between November 2007 and December 2011, 40 consecutive @entity1 were treated with IMRT with daily cone-beam CT position verification. The median prescription to the planning target volume ( @entity343 ) was 63 Gy/28 fractions and 67.5 Gy/30 fractions for T1 and T2 @entity5 , respectively. The historical control comprised 81 consecutive @entity1 treated with conventional radiotherapy to total doses of 66 Gy/33 fractions (66 @entity1 ) and 70 Gy/35 fractions (15 @entity1 ) for T1 and T2 @entity5 , respectively. RESULTS: The median follow-up of living @entity1 was 3.8 years (range, 1.0-5.0 years) in the IMRT group and 9.0 years, (range, 5.2-12.7 years) in the conventional group. Five-year actuarial local control was equal compared to the conventional group: 83% versus 74% (p = .64). Five-year actuarial ultimate local control was 100% in the IMRT group and 95% in the conventional group (p = .17). Five-year actuarial overall and disease-specific survival was 85% after IMRT versus 65% after conventional radiotherapy (p = .15) and 97% versus 89% (p = .31), respectively. Incidence and severity of @entity1909 was significantly less during IMRT than in the control group (p < .001). Two @entity1 receiving IMRT had late grade 3 hoarseness. CONCLUSION: IMRT is as efficient as conventional radiotherapy in terms of disease control and overall survival. It has the potential to reduce @entity137 as compared to conventional radiotherapy.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E179-E184, 2016.

title: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the glottis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['acute dermatitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage glottic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is associated with @entity1283 that leads to increased @entity65 and mortality. To date, use of the @entity3449 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system blockade has been the main treatment modality. However, @entity3449 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system blockade by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) can only partially reverse the @entity1283 without having a significant impact on all-cause mortality as evidenced by meta-analyses from clinical trials. It is imperative to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of @entity740 -related @entity296 for potential targets in further treatment. METHODS: Male @entity35 that underwent @entity512 (SNX) @entity35 were established as the @entity740 model. A hemodynamic study was used to evaluate the left ventricle (LV) structural and functional alterations. We used proteomic techniques to profile the LV protein changes among sham-operated @entity35 , SNX @entity35 , and SNX @entity35 with 6 months of ACEi enalapril interventions. The differentially expressed proteins were further annotated by functional and network analyses. RESULTS: As compared to the sham-operated @entity35 , the SNX @entity35 had 25 upregulated and 46 decreased protein expression. The top canonical pathways identified by ingenuity pathway analysis for the @entity740 were @entity2383 , oxidative phosphorylation, @entity844 b  oxidation, protein ubiquitination, and ketolysis. The most relevant functions extracted from these networks contained 27 and 23 focused proteins, respectively. They were related to cellular assembly and organization, RNA posttranscriptional modification, and protein synthesis. After ACEi  intervention for 6 weeks, the residual canonical pathways identified by ingenuity pathway analysis that mediated the @entity740 -related @entity296 were @entity2383 , ketolysis, @entity815 degradation IV, and @entity7224 degradation III. There were decreased @entity4123 and  SNRNP, and increased @entity1154 oxidase and SAHH expression in the LV of SNX @entity35 that could not be reversed by the ACEi. CONCLUSION: Our studies provide a repertoire of potential biomarkers related to @entity1283 in @entity740 . There are still residual disturbed molecules/pathways despite ACEi intervention. Further studies are warranted to investigate these potential novel targets to alleviate @entity740 -related @entity296 .

title: Comparative proteomic analysis of @entity35 left ventricle in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD', 'CKD cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity512 :: ('MESH:C567308', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal nephrectomy']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity512 :: (MESH:C567308,Disease) :: ['subtotal nephrectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is associated with @entity1283 that leads to increased @entity65 and mortality. To date, use of the @entity3449 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system blockade has been the main treatment modality. However, @entity3449 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system blockade by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) can only partially reverse the @entity1283 without having a significant impact on all-cause mortality as evidenced by meta-analyses from clinical trials. It is imperative to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of @entity740 -related @entity296 for potential targets in further treatment. METHODS: Male @entity35 that underwent @entity512 (SNX) @entity35 were established as the @entity740 model. A hemodynamic study was used to evaluate the left ventricle (LV) structural and functional alterations. We used proteomic techniques to profile the LV protein changes among sham-operated @entity35 , SNX @entity35 , and SNX @entity35 with 6 months of ACEi enalapril interventions. The differentially expressed proteins were further annotated by functional and network analyses. RESULTS: As compared to the sham-operated @entity35 , the SNX @entity35 had 25 upregulated and 46 decreased protein expression. The top canonical pathways identified by ingenuity pathway analysis for the @entity740 were @entity2383 , oxidative phosphorylation, @entity844 b  oxidation, protein ubiquitination, and ketolysis. The most relevant functions extracted from these networks contained 27 and 23 focused proteins, respectively. They were related to cellular assembly and organization, RNA posttranscriptional modification, and protein synthesis. After ACEi  intervention for 6 weeks, the residual canonical pathways identified by ingenuity pathway analysis that mediated the @entity740 -related @entity296 were @entity2383 , ketolysis, @entity815 degradation IV, and @entity7224 degradation III. There were decreased @entity4123 and  SNRNP, and increased @entity1154 oxidase and SAHH expression in the LV of SNX @entity35 that could not be reversed by the ACEi. CONCLUSION: Our studies provide a repertoire of potential biomarkers related to @entity1283 in @entity740 . There are still residual disturbed molecules/pathways despite ACEi intervention. Further studies are warranted to investigate these potential novel targets to alleviate @entity740 -related @entity296 .

title: Comparative proteomic analysis of XXXX left ventricle in a @entity512 model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Endocrine control of cardiovascular function is probably immature in the preterm @entity1 ; thus, it may contribute to the relative ineffectiveness of current adrenergic treatments for preterm cardiovascular compromise. This study aimed to determine the cardiovascular and hormonal responses to stress in the preterm piglet. Piglets were delivered by cesarean section either preterm (97 of 115 days) or at term (113 days). An additional group of preterm piglets received maternal glucocorticoids as used clinically. Piglets were sedated and underwent @entity519 (4% FiO2 for 20 min) to stimulate a cardiovascular response. @entity551 , skin blood flow, heart rate and plasma levels of @entity1425 , @entity1063 , @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), and @entity701 were measured. Term piglets responded to @entity519 with vasoconstriction; preterm piglets had a lesser response. Preterm piglets had lower blood pressures throughout, with a delayed blood pressure response to the @entity519 stress compared with term piglets. This immature response occurred despite similar high levels of circulating @entity2661 , and higher levels of @entity2178 compared with term animals. Prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids increased the ratio of Ang-(1-7): @entity2178 . Preterm piglets, in contrast to term piglets, had no increase in @entity701 levels in response to @entity519 . Preterm piglets have immature physiological responses to a @entity519 stress but no deficit of circulating @entity2661 . Reduced vasoconstriction in preterm piglets could result from vasodilator actions of @entity2178 . In glucocorticoid exposed preterm piglets, further inhibition of vasoconstriction may occur because of an increased conversion of @entity2178 to Ang-(1-7).

title: Endogenous angiotensins and XXXX do not reduce skin blood flow or prevent @entity551 in preterm piglets.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'Ang II']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial blood pressure']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: Endocrine control of cardiovascular function is probably immature in the preterm @entity1 ; thus, it may contribute to the relative ineffectiveness of current adrenergic treatments for preterm cardiovascular compromise. This study aimed to determine the cardiovascular and hormonal responses to stress in the preterm piglet. Piglets were delivered by cesarean section either preterm (97 of 115 days) or at term (113 days). An additional group of preterm piglets received maternal glucocorticoids as used clinically. Piglets were sedated and underwent @entity519 (4% FiO2 for 20 min) to stimulate a cardiovascular response. @entity551 , skin blood flow, heart rate and plasma levels of @entity1425 , @entity1063 , @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), and @entity701 were measured. Term piglets responded to @entity519 with vasoconstriction; preterm piglets had a lesser response. Preterm piglets had lower blood pressures throughout, with a delayed blood pressure response to the @entity519 stress compared with term piglets. This immature response occurred despite similar high levels of circulating @entity2661 , and higher levels of @entity2178 compared with term animals. Prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids increased the ratio of Ang-(1-7): @entity2178 . Preterm piglets, in contrast to term piglets, had no increase in @entity701 levels in response to @entity519 . Preterm piglets have immature physiological responses to a @entity519 stress but no deficit of circulating @entity2661 . Reduced vasoconstriction in preterm piglets could result from vasodilator actions of @entity2178 . In glucocorticoid exposed preterm piglets, further inhibition of vasoconstriction may occur because of an increased conversion of @entity2178 to Ang-(1-7).

title: Endogenous angiotensins and @entity2661 do not reduce skin blood flow or prevent XXXX in preterm piglets.

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: AIMS: In this work we provide novel insight into the morphology of dissecting @entity1028 in @entity2178 -infused @entity19 . We demonstrate why they exhibit a large variation in shape and, unlike their @entity1 counterparts, are located suprarenally rather than infrarenally. METHODS AND RESULTS: We combined synchrotron-based ultra-high resolution ex vivo imaging (phase contrast X-Ray tomographic microscopy) with in vivo imaging (high-frequency ultrasound and contrast-enhanced micro-CT) and image-guided histology. In all @entity19 we observed a tear in the tunica media of the abdominal aorta near the ostium of the celiac artery. Independently we found that, unlike the gradual luminal expansion typical for @entity1 @entity439 , the outer diameter increase of @entity2178 -induced dissecting @entity439 in @entity19 was related to one or several intramural @entity1410 . These were caused by @entity397 media near the ostium of small suprarenal side branches, which had never been detected by the established small-animal imaging techniques. The tear near the celiac artery led to apparent luminal dilatation, while the intramural @entity1410 led to a dissection of the tunica adventitia on the left suprarenal side of the aorta. The number of @entity397 branches was higher in those @entity439 that extended into the thoracic aorta, which explained the observed variability in @entity439 shape. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are the first to describe apparent luminal dilatation, suprarenal @entity397 and intramural @entity1410 formation in dissecting @entity1028 in @entity19 . Moreover we validate and demonstrate the vast potential of phase contrast X-Ray tomographic microscopy in cardiovascular small animal applications.

title: Dissecting XXXX in Ang II-infused @entity19 : Suprarenal Branch Ruptures and Apparent Luminal Dilatation.

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures of the tunica', 'branch ruptures', 'ruptured']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: AIMS: In this work we provide novel insight into the morphology of dissecting @entity1028 in @entity2178 -infused @entity19 . We demonstrate why they exhibit a large variation in shape and, unlike their @entity1 counterparts, are located suprarenally rather than infrarenally. METHODS AND RESULTS: We combined synchrotron-based ultra-high resolution ex vivo imaging (phase contrast X-Ray tomographic microscopy) with in vivo imaging (high-frequency ultrasound and contrast-enhanced micro-CT) and image-guided histology. In all @entity19 we observed a tear in the tunica media of the abdominal aorta near the ostium of the celiac artery. Independently we found that, unlike the gradual luminal expansion typical for @entity1 @entity439 , the outer diameter increase of @entity2178 -induced dissecting @entity439 in @entity19 was related to one or several intramural @entity1410 . These were caused by @entity397 media near the ostium of small suprarenal side branches, which had never been detected by the established small-animal imaging techniques. The tear near the celiac artery led to apparent luminal dilatation, while the intramural @entity1410 led to a dissection of the tunica adventitia on the left suprarenal side of the aorta. The number of @entity397 branches was higher in those @entity439 that extended into the thoracic aorta, which explained the observed variability in @entity439 shape. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are the first to describe apparent luminal dilatation, suprarenal @entity397 and intramural @entity1410 formation in dissecting @entity1028 in @entity19 . Moreover we validate and demonstrate the vast potential of phase contrast X-Ray tomographic microscopy in cardiovascular small animal applications.

title: Dissecting @entity1028 in Ang II-infused XXXX : Suprarenal Branch Ruptures and Apparent Luminal Dilatation.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity228 withdrawal (CW) after pediatric kidney transplantation potentially improves growth while avoiding metabolic and other adverse events. We have recently reported the results of a 196 subject randomized controlled trial comparing early CW ( @entity1140 , @entity618 ( @entity2098 ), daclizumab, and corticosteroids until day 4) with @entity1140 , @entity2098 , and @entity228 continuation (CC). At 6 months, CW subjects showed better growth with no adverse impact on acute rejection or graft survival (Am J Transplant 2010; 10: 828-836). This 2-year investigator-driven follow-up study aimed to determine whether improved growth persisted in the longer term. METHODS: Data regarding growth, graft outcomes and adverse events were collected at 1 year (113 @entity1 ) and 2 years (106 @entity1 ) after transplantation. The primary endpoint, longitudinal growth calculated as delta height standard deviation score, was analyzed using a mixed model repeated measures model. RESULTS: @entity228 withdrawal subjects grew better at 1 year (difference in adjusted mean change, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.10, 0.40; P = 0.001). At 2 years, growth remained numerically better in CW subjects (0.20 (-0.01, 0.41); P = 0.06), and significantly better in prepubertal subjects (0.50 (0.16, 0.84); P = 0.004). @entity2348 was significantly more common in CW subjects at 1 year only. @entity228 withdrawal and CC subjects received similar exposure to both @entity1140 and @entity2098 at 1 and 2 years. No significant difference in @entity1 or graft survival, rejection, estimated glomerular filtration rate, or other adverse events was detected. CONCLUSION: Early CW effectively and safely improves growth up to 2 years after transplantation, particularly in prepubertal @entity1 .

title: XXXX -free Kidney Transplantation Improves Growth: 2-Year Follow-up of the TWIST Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid', 'Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial and viral infection']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['Corticosteroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Recently, surgery during admission has been advocated for acute @entity2679 , rather than delayed surgery after conservative treatment. This study was designed to perform early surgeries and analyze the criteria used for conservative management followed by delayed surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After implementation of a study with the aim of performing early surgery, a retrospective review using a prospective database during the period of June 2009 to June 2011 was established. Early surgery during index hospitalization was offered to all @entity1 , except those having criteria for conservative management. RESULTS: There were 118 @entity1 admitted for acute @entity2679 . Early and delayed surgeries were performed for 18 (15%) and 23 (20%) @entity1 , respectively. Percutaneous cholecystostomy was performed for 10 (8%) @entity1 with a success rate of 90% and significantly higher length of hospital stay (P = 0.001). Gallstone-related complications developed in 33 (28%) @entity1 , causing significantly higher readmission rates (P = 0.001). Ofthe @entity1 , 34 (29%) were neither operated on nor had complications. The subsequent cholecystectomy rate was calculated as 35%. The overall mortality rate was 1.7% for all groups. CONCLUSION: Although surgical treatment of acute @entity2679 , either by early or delayed surgery, has some specific morbidity and mortality, it should be kept in mind that conservative treatment modalities a have higher rate of recurrences and subsequent complications, which all cause additional morbidity and mortality in @entity1 .

title: Review of clinical experience with acute XXXX on the development of subsequent gallstone-related complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Motility of flagellated bacteria depends crucially on their organelles such as flagella and pili, as well as physical properties of the external medium, such as viscosity and matrix elasticity. We studied the motility of wild-type and two mutant strains of @entity14273 swarmer cells in two different types of media: a viscous and hyperosmotic @entity653 -growth medium mixture and a viscoelastic growth medium, containing @entity968 or @entity968 of different defined sizes. RESULTS: For all three strains in the medium containing @entity653 , we found linear drops in percentage of motile cells and decreases in speed of those that remained motile to be inversely proportional to viscosity. The majority of immobilized cells lost viability, evidenced by their membrane leakage. In the viscoelastic media, we found less @entity1319 and attenuated decrease of swimming speed at shear viscosity values comparable to the viscous medium. In both types of media, we found more severe loss in percentage of motile cells of wild-type than the mutants without pili, indicating that the interference of pili with flagellated motility is aggravated by increased viscosity. However, we found no difference in swimming speed among all three strains under all test conditions for the cells that remained motile. Finally, the viscoelastic medium caused no significant change in intervals between flagellar motor switches unless the motor stalled. CONCLUSION: Hyperosmotic effect causes @entity1319 and cell death. Addition of polymers into the cell medium also causes @entity1319 due to @entity101 , but the majority of immobilized bacteria remain viable. Both viscous and viscoelastic media alter the motility of flagellated bacteria without affecting the internal regulation of their motor switching behavior.

title: Altered motility of XXXX in viscous and viscoelastic media.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased shear viscosity']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['loss of motility']

entities_list: @entity14273 :: ('155892', 'Species') :: ['Caulobacter crescentus']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene oxide', 'polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity14273 :: (155892,Species) :: ['Caulobacter Crescentus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BackgroundThe efficacy of thymectomy in @entity1 with non-thymomatous @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) is still unclear. Main limitations have been variable outcome definitions, lack of a control group and adjustment for confounding.ObjectiveTo study the efficacy of thymectomy in achieving remission or minimal manifestation (R/MM) status in @entity1 with non-thymomatous @entity1737 .MethodsPatients with generalized @entity1737 and minimum follow-up of 6  months were included. Demographic data and treatments were recorded, as well as the MGFA post-intervention status at the last visit. Propensity scores were used to create a matched cohort of treated and untreated @entity1 . Standard and Bayesian Cox models were used to study treatment effects.ResultsOf 395 @entity1 included, 183(46%) had a thymectomy. Thymectomy @entity1 were younger (p  <  0.001), with more females (p  <  0.001) and more @entity1 in MGFA classes 4  5 at diagnosis (p  =  0.01). A matched cohort of thymectomized @entity1 and controls (n  =  98) was created. The hazard ratio (HR) for the matched cohort was 1.9 (CI:1.6-2.3), favoring thymectomy. The predicted R/MM rate was 21% in treated and 6% in controls at 5  years (Absolute difference:15%). A Bayesian Cox model for the matched cohort had an estimated probability of thymectomy efficacy (HR  >  1) of 96% using a non-informative prior, and 79% using a skeptical prior.DiscussionWhen controlling for potential confounders, thymectomized @entity1 had a higher probability of achieving R/MM status through time compared to controls. This study provides class III evidence of the efficacy of thymectomy in non-thymomatous @entity1737 .

title: Thymectomy for non-thymomatous XXXX : a propensity score matched study.

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'Myasthenia Gravis', 'myasthenia gravis']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity1 with no other associated @entity303 , according to disease stage. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: @entity4934 Outpatient Clinic, Clinical Hospital, Ribeirao Preto Medical School (University of S  o Paulo). @entity1 : The sample consisted of 36 individuals of both genders with @entity195 diagnosis, and no other associated type of @entity303 , in various stages of the disease, according to the Clinical @entity303 Rating ( @entity7958 0.5-3). MEASUREMENTS: Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and anthropometric measurements such as weight, body mass index (BMI) and arm, waist, abdomen and hip circumferences. In addition, body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). RESULTS: The mean age of the group was 74.2      10.1  years, 72.2  % of them were @entity1 . The MNA showed that most of these individuals were at risk for @entity3147 (55.5  %) and many of them (43.7  %) were underweight according to BMI. Data from BIA analysis revealed that 41.7  % of these individuals had a quantity of body fat classified as @entity3147 and 11.1  % had a phase angle (PA) below recommended values for age group. There was a negative and significant correlation of lean mass and PA with age, and of global MNA evaluation with @entity7958 , as well as a positive correlation of MNA total score with fat mass and BMI. Worse classifications of nutritional status obtained by MNA scores were also observed in the more severe stages of the disease, according to the @entity7958 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity195 are mostly elderly with changes in body composition that are typical of aging, with signs of @entity1897 and preservation of abdominal fat. However, greater impairment of general nutritional status was observed in the more advanced stages of @entity195 , creating a situation of greater vulnerability for these @entity1 .

title: Nutritional status according to the stages of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['Neurobehavioral Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 and @entity308 are present during euthymic periods of @entity162 ( @entity162 ). Most studies have determined that @entity73 and @entity308 have major impacts on psychosocial functioning. The aim of the present study was to identify the major factor responsible for low psychosocial functioning in a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity162 despite clinical recovery. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with @entity162 and 41 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Cognitive performance, neurological soft signs (NSSs), psychosocial functioning, residual mood symptoms and illness characteristics were assessed. Using the median value of the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) as the cut-off point, the @entity1 were divided into two groups, high- (n=29) or low-functioning (n=31), and they were compared based on total NSS, @entity308 , cognitive performance and clinical variables. RESULTS: Performances on the verbal memory tests and social functioning were significantly worse in the euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 . Increased rates of NSS were identified in the @entity1 compared with the normal controls. The low-functioning @entity1 performed significantly worse on verbal memory, and their NSS and @entity308 were significantly higher compared to high-functioning @entity1 . In the regression analysis, @entity308 were identified as the best predictors of psychosocial functioning. LIMITATIONS: The @entity1 were artificially separated into two groups based on a FAST score cut-off. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity73 were the most prominent factors associated with the level of functioning.

title: The impact of @entity73 , neurological soft signs and subdepressive symptoms on functional outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments', 'Cognitive impairments', 'residual depressive symptoms and verbal memory impairments']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD', 'bipolar I disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['subsyndromal depressive symptoms', 'subsyndromal depressive symptoms and verbal learning measures', 'residual depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 and @entity308 are present during euthymic periods of @entity162 ( @entity162 ). Most studies have determined that @entity73 and @entity308 have major impacts on psychosocial functioning. The aim of the present study was to identify the major factor responsible for low psychosocial functioning in a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity162 despite clinical recovery. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with @entity162 and 41 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Cognitive performance, neurological soft signs (NSSs), psychosocial functioning, residual mood symptoms and illness characteristics were assessed. Using the median value of the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) as the cut-off point, the @entity1 were divided into two groups, high- (n=29) or low-functioning (n=31), and they were compared based on total NSS, @entity308 , cognitive performance and clinical variables. RESULTS: Performances on the verbal memory tests and social functioning were significantly worse in the euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 . Increased rates of NSS were identified in the @entity1 compared with the normal controls. The low-functioning @entity1 performed significantly worse on verbal memory, and their NSS and @entity308 were significantly higher compared to high-functioning @entity1 . In the regression analysis, @entity308 were identified as the best predictors of psychosocial functioning. LIMITATIONS: The @entity1 were artificially separated into two groups based on a FAST score cut-off. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity73 were the most prominent factors associated with the level of functioning.

title: The impact of XXXX , neurological soft signs and subdepressive symptoms on functional outcome in @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Vocal fold @entity82 represents a major disease burden. Screening of antifibrotic compounds could be facilitated by an in vitro fibrogenesis system. Limitations of existing models might be overcome by implication of the excluded volume effect. STUDY DESIGN: In-vitro study. METHODS: Vocal fold fibroblasts obtained from @entity35 ' lamina propria were cultured in four different settings: in standard medium, under "crowded" conditions by adding inert macromolecules, under external administration of transforming growth factor (TGF)  -1, and under a combination of both. After 5 days, supernatant and cell layer were collected and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunofluorescence was additionally performed. RESULTS: Collagen-alpha1(I) deposition increased significantly under crowded conditions and after administration of @entity1810 . Amounts of collagen in the cell layer were significantly higher under crowding conditions with @entity1810 compared to administration of @entity1810 alone. CONCLUSION: Crowding enhanced collagen deposition, resulting in more favorable conditions for studying fibrogenesis. This can be the first step toward developing a robust in vitro model for testing antifibrotic compounds. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 2014.

title: Establishing principles of macromolecular crowding for in vitro XXXX research of the vocal fold lamina propria.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pyrethroid insecticides can affect salmonids either indirectly through @entity137 to their prey or directly by @entity137 to the fish themselves. In support of a study on pyrethroid impacts to @entity11806 and steelhead trout in the American River (Sacramento, California, USA), 96-h median effective concentration (EC50) and median lethal concentration (LC50) values for the pyrethroid bifenthrin were determined for taxa not traditionally used for @entity137 testing but of interest as salmonid prey, including a chironomid, caddisflies, mayflies, and stoneflies. A laboratory was constructed on the banks of the American River to expose macroinvertebrates, @entity11806 , and steelhead trout to flow-through river water containing urban runoff during storm events. Bifenthrin from urban runoff was found in river water following 5 rain events, reaching 14.6   ng/L. Mortality to the exposed salmonids was not observed, and sublethal effects were not seen in vitellogenin or sex steroid levels. Indirect effects via @entity137 to salmonid prey are possible. Mortality to Hyalella azteca, a potential prey, was observed in every event tested, and peak bifenthrin concentrations were comparable to the 96-h EC50 of the caddisfly, Hydropsyche sp., the most important prey species on a biomass basis for American River @entity11806 . The other invertebrates tested had EC50s exceeding bifenthrin concentrations seen in the American River, though could potentially be at risk at concentrations previously reported in smaller urban tributaries. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1-9.    2014 SETAC.

title: Effects of pyrethroid insecticides in urban runoff on XXXX , steelhead trout, and their invertebrate prey.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11806 :: ('74940', 'Species') :: ['Chinook salmon']

answer: @entity11806 :: (74940,Species) :: ['Chinook salmon']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: When @entity130 @entity1 arrive in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ), @entity1003 frequently is present. The time course, however, in which this @entity1003 develops is poorly understood. No study has fully evaluated the coagulation status, including thromboelastometry on-scene and at hospital arrival. We hypothesized that measured coagulation variables might change when measured at the scene of injury and upon arrival to the @entity341 . METHODS:: We performed a prospective, single-center, observational study investigating coagulation status in 50 @entity130 @entity1 on-scene and at arrival in the @entity341 . Measurements included arterial blood gases, ROTEM  , protein S100, protein C activity, protein S, Quick value, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer, coagulation factor V (FV), coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), @entity2002 , hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, and volume and blood products being administered during the first 24 hours. RESULTS:: Significant changes between on-scene and the @entity341 were observed for the following values: partial venous @entity26 pressure increased and @entity1372 , @entity413 , and @entity880 decreased. For EXTEM, INTEM, and APTEM, clotting time and clot formation time increased significantly, whereas maximal clot firmness and angle a decreased significantly (all P  <= 0.004). For FIBTEM, clotting time increased significantly and maximal clot firmness decreased significantly. In the laboratory, significant reductions in hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time, @entity2002 , FV, FXIII, protein C activity, protein S, and protein S100 were observed (all P  <= 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:: Although most all laboratory and rotational @entity3459 tests worsened over time when measured on-scene and in the @entity341 , monitoring coagulation at the scene of @entity130 does not provide clinically important information in a majority of @entity130 @entity1 . One hour after injury, significant activation and consumption of @entity2002 , FV, FXIII, protein C activity, and protein S were observed.

title: Changes in Coagulation in Standard Laboratory Tests and ROTEM in XXXX @entity1 Between On-Scene and Arrival in the Emergency Department.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['thromboelastometry coagulation']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: When @entity130 @entity1 arrive in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ), @entity1003 frequently is present. The time course, however, in which this @entity1003 develops is poorly understood. No study has fully evaluated the coagulation status, including thromboelastometry on-scene and at hospital arrival. We hypothesized that measured coagulation variables might change when measured at the scene of injury and upon arrival to the @entity341 . METHODS:: We performed a prospective, single-center, observational study investigating coagulation status in 50 @entity130 @entity1 on-scene and at arrival in the @entity341 . Measurements included arterial blood gases, ROTEM  , protein S100, protein C activity, protein S, Quick value, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer, coagulation factor V (FV), coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), @entity2002 , hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, and volume and blood products being administered during the first 24 hours. RESULTS:: Significant changes between on-scene and the @entity341 were observed for the following values: partial venous @entity26 pressure increased and @entity1372 , @entity413 , and @entity880 decreased. For EXTEM, INTEM, and APTEM, clotting time and clot formation time increased significantly, whereas maximal clot firmness and angle a decreased significantly (all P  <= 0.004). For FIBTEM, clotting time increased significantly and maximal clot firmness decreased significantly. In the laboratory, significant reductions in hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time, @entity2002 , FV, FXIII, protein C activity, protein S, and protein S100 were observed (all P  <= 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:: Although most all laboratory and rotational @entity3459 tests worsened over time when measured on-scene and in the @entity341 , monitoring coagulation at the scene of @entity130 does not provide clinically important information in a majority of @entity130 @entity1 . One hour after injury, significant activation and consumption of @entity2002 , FV, FXIII, protein C activity, and protein S were observed.

title: Changes in Coagulation in Standard Laboratory Tests and ROTEM in @entity130 XXXX Between On-Scene and Arrival in the Emergency Department.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Abdominal wall hernias through the arcuate line termed Spigelian hernias are uncommon. These hernias presenting as a Richter-type, with strangulation of part of the circumference of the bowel wall is very rare. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a 27-year-old male @entity1 who presented with a @entity547 . LITERATURE REVIEW: A MEDLINE literature search of this rare entity yielded six publications presenting Richter-type Spigelian hernias. All of these articles and accompanying references were thoroughly reviewed. There was no gender or anatomical side predominance among the @entity1 . All except our @entity1 presented here were elderly. @entity158 was the most common symptom and was present in all @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent surgical repair and none reported recurrence of their @entity547 afterwards. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: @entity547 is rare and has been reported infrequently in the existing literature. Clinical diagnosis is challenging and CT scan is the diagnostic study of choice. Surgical repair is the definitive treatment and involves primary or mesh repair of the defect as appropriate. Necrotic bowel should be resected and we recommend biologic mesh repair in these cases if the defect is large.

title: XXXX : A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'Richter-type Spigelian hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Richter-type Spigelian hernia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal hydatid disease is a rare pathology and its diagnosis is often delayed because of slowly growing mass without @entity32 . It is critical to suspicious clinical diagnosis in rural endemic areas and for preoperative diagnosis of this disease. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a 9-year-old @entity1 referred with mass located on the anterolateral part of distal thigh. Diagnosis was verified with MRI histopathologically for the presence of hydatid cyst located in vastus lateralis muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for further imaging. MRI showed an oval cystic mass approximately 77*20*18mm in the left vastus lateralis muscle, containing round-shaped daughter cysts. @entity1 were treated with surgical excision and medical therapy. Clinical, radiological and serologic tests showed no recurrence after treatment. DISCUSSION: The muscle is considered an unfavorable site for hydatidosis because of its high lactic acid level that creates an unfavorable milieu for growth. The detachment of the germinative membrane from pericyst (water-lily sign) is considered to be pathognomonic and is reported in locations other than the liver and lung in magnetic resonance imaging. Surgery is the most effective way to treat hydatid cysts. Complete surgical resection and medical therapy are the preferred treatment for @entity8434 . CONCLUSION: @entity8434 in vastus lateralis is a very rare disease. @entity8434 should be kept in mind when observing soft tissue mass of the extremities in @entity1 from areas endemic of @entity12047 .

title: An unusual cause of mass localized on vastus lateralis muscle in childhood: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['Hydatid cyst', 'isolated echinococcosis']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['Hydatid cyst']


abstract: Over the last 9 yr approximately 4000 @entity1 have had physiologic monitoring with UAC at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. A larger number of them had minor @entity63 complications prompting removal of the catheter, but 41 @entity1 had major @entity1031 requiring varying degrees of surgical management. The place of surgery is clear in @entity1 with @entity548 due to vascular avulsion related to catheter removal. @entity1 with @entity432 may be treated expectantly although significant @entity272 may occur. Occlusions at the femoral level allow limb survival, but the long-term outlook is not known; perhaps these @entity1 may better be subjected to femoral thrombectomy in the future. Peripheral pulses are not normal early and Doppler studies suggest that collateral circulation is responsible for limb survival. Whether this will be sufficient to support adequate limb growth and function remains to be seen. @entity1 with signs of aortoiliac or @entity432 should be rapidly investigated and operated upon if survival is to be obtained. This study suggests that an aggressive surgical approach is in order. Computer-assisted radionuclide flow studies are helpful in diagnosing major @entity432 , as well as for followup.

title: Management of major XXXX complications of umbilical artery catheters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['catheter emboli or bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic problems']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin loss']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric occlusion', 'arterial occlusion distal to the femoral artery', 'aortic occlusion']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is a green approach that interconnects nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology. Here, we synthesized the @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs) using bacterial strains of @entity5125 , Bacillus subtilius and Streptomyces anulatus. We tested the efficacy of AgNPs against the larvae, pupae and adults of Anopheles stephensi and @entity2957 . We have also investigated the antifungal activity of AgNPs against the soil keratinophilic fungus of Chrysosporium keratinophilum. The efficacy tests were then performed at different concentrations and varying numbers of hours by probit analysis. The results were obtained using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, and the images were recorded with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The synthesized AgNPs were in varied shape and sizes. The larvae and pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus were found highly susceptible to AgNPs synthesized using the @entity5125 , B. subtilius and S. anulatus than the An. stephensi, while the adults of An. stephensi were found more susceptible to the AgNPs synthesized using the @entity5125 , B. subtilius and S. anulatus the Cx. quinquefasciatus. Further, these nanoparticles have also been tested as antifungal activity against the entomopathogenic fungus C. keratinophilum. The higher zone of inhibition occurred at the concentration level of 50   l. This study gives an innovative approach to develop eco-friendly AgNPs which act as an effective antifungal agent/fungicide and insecticide.

title: Antimicrobial and mosquitocidal activity of microbial synthesized XXXX nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: Introduction. Sleep problems are common in @entity162 ( @entity162 ) and may persist during the euthymic phase of the disease. The aim of the study was to improve @entity25 of euthymic @entity162 @entity1 through the administration of prefronto-cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Methods. 25 euthymic outpatients with a diagnosis of @entity162 Type I or II have been enrolled in the study. tDCS montage was as follows: cathode on the @entity76 the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC); the intensity of stimulation was set at 2   mA and delivered for 20   min/die for 3 consecutive weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess @entity25 at baseline and after the tDCS treatment. Results. PSQI total score and all PSQI subdomains, with the exception of "sleep medication," significantly improved after treatment. Discussion. This is the first study where a positive effect of tDCS on the quality of sleep in euthymic @entity162 @entity1 has been reported. As both prefrontal cortex and cerebellum may play a role in regulating sleep processes, concomitant cathodal (inhibitory) stimulation of cerebellum and anodal (excitatory) stimulation of DLPFC may have the potential to modulate prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuits leading to improvements of @entity25 .

title: Prefronto-cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation improves XXXX in euthymic bipolar @entity1 : a brief report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['right cerebellar cortex and anode over']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep quality']


abstract: Introduction. Sleep problems are common in @entity162 ( @entity162 ) and may persist during the euthymic phase of the disease. The aim of the study was to improve @entity25 of euthymic @entity162 @entity1 through the administration of prefronto-cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Methods. 25 euthymic outpatients with a diagnosis of @entity162 Type I or II have been enrolled in the study. tDCS montage was as follows: cathode on the @entity76 the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC); the intensity of stimulation was set at 2   mA and delivered for 20   min/die for 3 consecutive weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess @entity25 at baseline and after the tDCS treatment. Results. PSQI total score and all PSQI subdomains, with the exception of "sleep medication," significantly improved after treatment. Discussion. This is the first study where a positive effect of tDCS on the quality of sleep in euthymic @entity162 @entity1 has been reported. As both prefrontal cortex and cerebellum may play a role in regulating sleep processes, concomitant cathodal (inhibitory) stimulation of cerebellum and anodal (excitatory) stimulation of DLPFC may have the potential to modulate prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuits leading to improvements of @entity25 .

title: Prefronto-cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation improves @entity25 in euthymic bipolar XXXX : a brief report.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Background and Purpose. Equinovarus foot is a common sign after @entity64 . The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of task specific exercises, gait training, and visual biofeedback on correcting equinovarus gait among individuals with @entity64 . Subjects and Methods. Sixteen subjects with @entity385 were randomly assigned to two equal groups (G1 and G2). All the @entity1 were at stage 4 of motor recovery of foot according to @entity64 without any @entity73 . E-med pedography was used to measure contact time, as well as force underneath hind and forefoot during walking. Outcome measures were collected before randomization, one week after the last session, and four weeks later. @entity1 in G1 received task specific exercises, gait training, and visual biofeedback and a traditional physical therapy program was applied for @entity1 in G2 for 8 weeks. Results. Significant improvement was observed among G1 @entity1 (P  <= 0.05) which lasts one month after therapy termination. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between measurements of the @entity1 in G2. Between groups comparison also revealed a significant improvement in G1 with long lasting effect. Conclusion. The results of this study showed a positive long lasting effect of the task specific exercises, gait training, and visual biofeedback on equinovarus gait pattern among individuals with @entity64 .

title: Effect of Task Specific Exercises, Gait Training, and Visual Biofeedback on Equinovarus Gait among Individuals with XXXX : Randomized Controlled Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: The 5-year survival of teenagers and young adults (TYAs; 13-24 years old) with @entity5 has continued to rise, but as a result more @entity1 experience late effects of treatment, such as @entity249 . Advice regarding fertility preservation in relation to @entity5 is provided in numerous clinical practice guidelines, but the rigor of their development is unclear. Methods: A systematic search was undertaken for clinical practice guidelines regarding fertility preservation in TYAs with @entity5 . All guidelines were reviewed according to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE-II) criteria. Five out of 13 identified guidelines scored over 75% in the "rigor of development" section and were further appraised. Content, scope, and consistencies between recommendations were also examined. Results: All five of the reviewed guidelines encouraged oncologists to have discussions with their @entity1 about potential fertility issues associated with treatment and available fertility preservation methods. The cryopreservation of sperm, oocytes, and embryos were all recommended as first-line interventions in postpubertal @entity1 . Recommendations surrounding pre- or peripubescent adolescents were few, with many techniques only recommended as part of a clinical trial. The risk of subfertility associated with different treatment regimens was poorly described. Conclusions: The methodology and development of guidelines describing fertility preservation in TYA @entity5 @entity1 varied greatly. Methodological quality did not clearly influence key recommendations. Those involved with the development of guidelines are encouraged to clearly define their development methods to allow users to be confident of the quality.

title: Critical Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Fertility Preservation in Teenagers and Young Adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the leading cause of @entity204 from @entity5 for both @entity1 and @entity1 . Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment in @entity1442 , but is only marginally effective. In about 30% of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 in East Asia and in 10-15% in Western countries, @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutations are found. In this population, first-line treatment with the @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) @entity3866 , @entity4562 , or @entity12379 is recommended. The treatment beyond progression is less well-defined. In this paper, we present three @entity1 , @entity470 mutation positive, with local progression after an initial treatment with TKI. These @entity1 were treated with local radiotherapy. TKI was temporarily stopped and restarted after radiotherapy. We give an overview of the literature and discuss the different treatment options in case of progression after TKI: TKI continuation with or without chemotherapy, TKI continuation with local therapy, alternative dosing or switch to next-generation TKI or combination therapy. There are different options for treatment beyond progression in @entity470 mutation positive metastatic @entity1149 , but the optimal strategy is still to be defined. Further research on this topic is ongoing.

title: XXXX Mutation Positive Stage IV Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Treatment Beyond Progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular @entity409 is considered central to the pathogenesis of @entity101 ( @entity101 ). Serum level of @entity15901 ( @entity15901 ) is closely related to endothelial injury. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation of serum @entity15901 with disease severity in @entity101 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective case-control study was carried out for one year. After informed consent, ethical clearance, total 1,850 pregnant @entity1 were screened. Analysis was performed on 142 cases of @entity101 and 31 healthy controls. Quantitative measurement of serum @entity15901 levels was done by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, by using sandwich ELISA kit. RESULTS: Mean serum @entity15901 value in @entity1 with @entity1458 was significantly higher when compared with non-oliguric @entity1 (P < 0.001). Serum @entity15901 had a positive correlation with systolic blood pressure (r ~ 0.5973), diastolic blood pressure (r ~ 0.6195), blood @entity1133 (r ~ 0.4392), serum @entity1011 (r ~ 0.6112), serum @entity414 (r ~ 0.3878). Sensitivity and specificity of serum @entity15901 using a cut-off value of 545 pg/ml, for the diagnosis of @entity101 , was 97.89% and 93.55% respectively, using 95% confidence interval. CONCLUSION: Between the two groups, we found that serum @entity15901 had a positive correlation with disease severity and better sensitivity and specificity in the evaluation of @entity101 .

title: Correlation of serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin with disease severity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disorders of pregnancy', 'HDP']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity15901 :: ('3934', 'Gene') :: ['neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin', 'NGAL']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive disorders of pregnancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) are the leading cause of death in Iran. The present study evaluated the 7-year incidence of CVD risk factors among the @entity1 of Isfahan cohort study (ICS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: ICS was a longitudinal study on adults over 35 years of age from the urban and rural areas in three counties in central Iran. Data on clinical examination and blood measurements were collected in 2001. Subjects were followed and similar data were collected in 2007. Cumulative incidence was calculated through dividing new cases of each risk factor by the population free of that risk factor at baseline. Incidence proportion was determined for major CVD risk factors including @entity101 ( @entity101 ), @entity1007 ( @entity1007 ), @entity2298 ( @entity2298 ), @entity28 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity209 ( @entity209 ), and smoking. RESULTS: A total number of 6323 adults free of @entity65 were recruited. After 7 years of follow-up, 3283 individuals were re-evaluated in 2007. The @entity1 ' age was 49.2    10.3 years in 2001 (mean    SD). The 7-year cumulative incidence of @entity101 , @entity1007 , @entity2298 , overweight, @entity28 , @entity6 , @entity209 , and smoking was 22.8%, 37.4%, 28.0%, 26.3%, 7.4%, 9.5%, 23.9%, and 5.9% in @entity1 and 22.2%, 55.4%, 33.5%, 35.0%, 18.8%, 11.3%, 36.1%, and 0.7% in @entity1 , respectively. Among those with overweight or @entity28 , 14.7% of @entity1 and 7.9% of @entity1 decreased their weight up to the normal level. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed a high incidence of CVD risk factors especially @entity2299 , @entity28 , @entity209 and @entity101 . Therefore, the application of life-style modification interventions seems necessary.

title: The cumulative incidence of conventional risk factors of XXXX and their population attributable risk in an Iranian population: The Isfahan Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['HTg', 'hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['HC', 'hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVDs', 'Cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: @entity19 , greater than 20 wk old, were tested for the presence of anti-IgG autoantibodies by agglutination and radioimmunoassay. IgA and IgM anti-IgG were found in the 129/Sv, C57BL/6, and @entity7840 /2 strains from the local colony at the International @entity74 ( @entity428 ), at the Institut @entity19634 ( @entity7173 ), and in the endotoxin-resistant C3H/He strain of @entity428 . These strains were negative at Iffa Credo (IC), and at The Jackson Laboratory (JL). Among 33 strains from the latter colony, 129/J, AKR/J, CBA/J, C57L/J, and NZB/BinJ were positive. All were specific pathogen-free and, excepting the NZB/BinJ, are not known to develop systemic @entity792 . These differences between colonies suggest an influence of the environment on the production of anti-IgG. Evidence for the role of an infectious agent was provided by the fact that germ-free @entity7840 /2 were negative in contrast to their SPF relatives. Strains which were positive at @entity428 and @entity7173 for anti-IgG had four-times higher serum levels of total IgA and two-times higher levels of total IgG than the corresponding negative strains from IC and JL. The anti-IgG titers differed markedly from one strain to the other in the same environment; e.g., in @entity19 from @entity428 , BALB/c @entity19 produced 40-times less anti-IgG than 129/Sv. IgA anti-IgG occurred only in high producers of anti-IgG. In these animals, the proportion of IgA vs. IgM anti-IgG was very different from one group to the other; C57BL/6 had mainly IgM anti-IgG, @entity7840 /2 mainly IgA anti-IgG, and 129/Sv both IgM and IgA anti-IgG. The IgA anti-IgG from 129/Sv, 129/J, NZB/BinJ, C57L/J, @entity7840 /2, and C3H/He had restricted hetero-, iso-, and allotypic specificities. It reacted only with mouse IgGa2, but not with the Ig-1b allotype. C57BL/6 also had IgA anti-IgG with a narrow specificity, but directed against @entity6527 without allotypic restriction. In contrast to the specificity of IgA anti-IgG, the antibody activity of IgM anti-IgG was much broader, except in the 129/Sv and 129/J strains where IgM anti-IgG shared the same narrow specificity with IgA.

title: Incidence and specificities of IgA and IgM anti-AgG autoantibodies in various XXXX strains and colonies.

entities_list: @entity19634 :: ('MESH:D054868', 'Disease') :: ['Pasteur de Paris']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Institute of Cellular and Molecular Pathology']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: A frequently quoted advantage of @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) is indirect foraminal decompression, although there are few studies substantiating this statement. Also, there are no clinical studies using a standardized method to measure the foraminal area (FA) and the correlation with @entity1797 ( @entity1797 ) parameters. This study is proposed to measure the degree of indirect foraminal decompression radiologically using a standardized method and correlate with the intervertebral disc parameters. PURPOSE: To standardize the foramen measurement technique. To measure indirect neural foraminal decompression in surgically operated @entity1 after @entity1347 using radiographic measurement and elucidate factors affecting foraminal restoration. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. @entity1 SAMPLE: A continuous cohort of @entity1 undergoing @entity1347 surgery. OUTCOME MEASURES: It included FA, foraminal height (FH), and foraminal width. METHODS: This is a prospective analysis of a single surgeon series of consecutive @entity1 undergoing an @entity1347 from 2011 to 2013. Pre- and postoperative computed tomography scans were used to obtain a standardized foramen snapshot using the pedicle-to-pedicle (P-P) technique, and measurements were obtained using image j software. Radiologic parameters such as @entity1797 , local disc angle (LDA), and @entity1515 ( @entity1515 ) were measured using radiographs and Surgimap software. RESULTS: One-hundred forty @entity1 with 184 levels were operated. Anterior lumbar interbody fusion resulted in a statistically significant (p<.01) improvement in foraminal dimensions (area=67%, height=21%, and width=38%). Other parameters also significantly improved, including anterior @entity1797 (90%), posterior @entity1797 (77%), LDA, and @entity1515 (6%). Posterior @entity1797 correlated significantly with FH improvement. Statistically, the P-P technique presented with high intra- and interclass reliabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior lumbar interbody fusion results in significant indirect foraminal decompression based on the new P-P technique. Posterior @entity1797 is a significant factor in the restoration of the FH.

title: Indirect foraminal decompression after XXXX : a prospective radiographic study using a new pedicle-to-pedicle technique.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['DH', 'disc height']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior lumbar interbody fusion', 'ALIF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar lordosis', 'LL']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['anterior lumbar interbody fusion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Signaling and regulation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) has been an area of extensive research since its first discovery nearly three decades ago. Members of the NF-kB family have been reported to critically mediate a multitude of responses in normal cells. Therefore, it is not surprising that NF-kB function can go awry and result in pathological conditions including @entity5 . Despite its critical importance, the functional role of NF-kB has not received the same attention in cancers of all tissue types. In the case of @entity150 , which is the second most common @entity5 , the involvement of NF-kB in the development of superficial or muscle invasive disease and during @entity5 recurrence is rudimentary at best. Nuclear expression of @entity9135 / @entity9135 is seen in @entity150 @entity1 and has been found to negatively affect survival of @entity1 with superficial and muscle invasive disease. Despite these observations, the exact mechanism of NF-kB upregulation and function remains unknown. Furthermore, the emergence of a @entity5 suppressive role for NF-kB in recent years suggests that the family may play the role of a double-edged sword in @entity5 , which remains unexplored in @entity150 . The challenge now is to delineate the increasing complexity of this pathway in the development and progression of @entity150 . Here, we review key aspects of the current knowledge of signaling and regulation by the NF-kB family focusing on its controversial role in @entity5 and highlight the importance of studying NF-kB in @entity150 in particular.

title: To be an ally or an adversary in XXXX : the NF-kB story has not unfolded.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'urologic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'cancer of the urinary bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose - to explore the role of radiation dose on gene regulation of telomere length and its influence on the patho-genesis of @entity149 at the remote period of low-dose irradiation as a result of the Chornobyl accident. Materials and methods. We performed a study of @entity7071 , @entity7072 and TERT genes expression (GE) by RT-PCR, and relative telomere length (RTL) by flow-FISH in 258 clean-up workers of Chornobyl accident divided by radiation dose groups (range 22-2800 @entity2073 ) and 78 controls with vascular @entity73 . Detailed psychometric interviews were performed to obtain quantitative data on the stage of @entity73 . Results. Statistically significant telomere @entity3207 was demonstrated in groups of clean-up workers with radiation doses in 100-250 @entity2073 and 250-500 @entity2073 range (subsequently M    SD: 15.85    0.27; p< 0.02; 15.89    0,33; p< 0.02; control: 17.21    0,23). A decrease in RTL was in parallel to radiation dose increase and overexpression of negative telomere length regulators: @entity7072 genes and, to a lesser extent @entity7071 ; the opposite tendency was demonstrated for TERT GE. In exposed over 500 @entity2073 a significant TERT overexpression was combined with decreased @entity7071 and @entity7072 GE, and absence of significant RTL changes in comparison with clean-up workers exposed to lower doses indicating a certain independency between gene expression and telomere length changes and possible threshold effects at this dose range. Analysis of the group of exposed in comparison with non-exposed demonstrated a significant decrease (p = 0.03) both of the mean MMSE and RTL parameters suggesting influence of previous exposure. Conclusion. This study shows parallel changes in decline of cognitive function and telomere length and differences in @entity7072 , TERT and @entity7071 gene regulation at the late period after low dose and over 500 @entity2073 exposure.

title: XXXX and @entity7072 downregulate telomere length in @entity73 at the late period after low-dose exposure.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular neurocognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

answer: @entity7071 :: (7013,Gene) :: ['TERF1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose - to explore the role of radiation dose on gene regulation of telomere length and its influence on the patho-genesis of @entity149 at the remote period of low-dose irradiation as a result of the Chornobyl accident. Materials and methods. We performed a study of @entity7071 , @entity7072 and TERT genes expression (GE) by RT-PCR, and relative telomere length (RTL) by flow-FISH in 258 clean-up workers of Chornobyl accident divided by radiation dose groups (range 22-2800 @entity2073 ) and 78 controls with vascular @entity73 . Detailed psychometric interviews were performed to obtain quantitative data on the stage of @entity73 . Results. Statistically significant telomere @entity3207 was demonstrated in groups of clean-up workers with radiation doses in 100-250 @entity2073 and 250-500 @entity2073 range (subsequently M    SD: 15.85    0.27; p< 0.02; 15.89    0,33; p< 0.02; control: 17.21    0,23). A decrease in RTL was in parallel to radiation dose increase and overexpression of negative telomere length regulators: @entity7072 genes and, to a lesser extent @entity7071 ; the opposite tendency was demonstrated for TERT GE. In exposed over 500 @entity2073 a significant TERT overexpression was combined with decreased @entity7071 and @entity7072 GE, and absence of significant RTL changes in comparison with clean-up workers exposed to lower doses indicating a certain independency between gene expression and telomere length changes and possible threshold effects at this dose range. Analysis of the group of exposed in comparison with non-exposed demonstrated a significant decrease (p = 0.03) both of the mean MMSE and RTL parameters suggesting influence of previous exposure. Conclusion. This study shows parallel changes in decline of cognitive function and telomere length and differences in @entity7072 , TERT and @entity7071 gene regulation at the late period after low dose and over 500 @entity2073 exposure.

title: @entity7071 and XXXX downregulate telomere length in @entity73 at the late period after low-dose exposure.

answer: @entity7072 :: (7014,Gene) :: ['TERF2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose - to explore the role of radiation dose on gene regulation of telomere length and its influence on the patho-genesis of @entity149 at the remote period of low-dose irradiation as a result of the Chornobyl accident. Materials and methods. We performed a study of @entity7071 , @entity7072 and TERT genes expression (GE) by RT-PCR, and relative telomere length (RTL) by flow-FISH in 258 clean-up workers of Chornobyl accident divided by radiation dose groups (range 22-2800 @entity2073 ) and 78 controls with vascular @entity73 . Detailed psychometric interviews were performed to obtain quantitative data on the stage of @entity73 . Results. Statistically significant telomere @entity3207 was demonstrated in groups of clean-up workers with radiation doses in 100-250 @entity2073 and 250-500 @entity2073 range (subsequently M    SD: 15.85    0.27; p< 0.02; 15.89    0,33; p< 0.02; control: 17.21    0,23). A decrease in RTL was in parallel to radiation dose increase and overexpression of negative telomere length regulators: @entity7072 genes and, to a lesser extent @entity7071 ; the opposite tendency was demonstrated for TERT GE. In exposed over 500 @entity2073 a significant TERT overexpression was combined with decreased @entity7071 and @entity7072 GE, and absence of significant RTL changes in comparison with clean-up workers exposed to lower doses indicating a certain independency between gene expression and telomere length changes and possible threshold effects at this dose range. Analysis of the group of exposed in comparison with non-exposed demonstrated a significant decrease (p = 0.03) both of the mean MMSE and RTL parameters suggesting influence of previous exposure. Conclusion. This study shows parallel changes in decline of cognitive function and telomere length and differences in @entity7072 , TERT and @entity7071 gene regulation at the late period after low dose and over 500 @entity2073 exposure.

title: @entity7071 and @entity7072 downregulate telomere length in XXXX at the late period after low-dose exposure.

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive deficit']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess and compare the costs of first-line monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) treatment protocols in @entity0 , @entity1893 and @entity14 in South-Eastern Europe. METHODS: A retrospective, bottom-up case series study design was implemented with one-year time horizon and payer's perspective. The study sample size was 265 @entity1 ( @entity0 , N=137; @entity14 , N=44; and @entity1893 , N=84), while treatment protocols included adjuvant mAbs: trastuzumab (N=137), bevacizumab (N=28), rituximab (N=16) and cetuximab (N=84). ICD-10 related resources use included history of medical services utilization, chronology (time out of service provision) and unit consumption of examinations, drugs prescribed, imaging, radiotherapy and surgical procedures provided etc., direct medical and lost productivity costs (   ) across treatment groups during 2010-2013. RESULTS: The average length of observation was 125+97 days per @entity1 . Total mean direct and indirect costs of care were: trastuzumab for @entity0 group     17,740 per @entity1 ; bevacizumab for @entity14 group    8,775 per @entity1 ; cetuximab for @entity14 group     27,181 per @entity1 ; and rituximab for @entity1893 group    19,431 per @entity1 . An average mAbs-treated @entity1 incurred    17,897 costs of medical care. The total combined budget of these 330 @entity1 was    4,742,775. CONCLUSIONS: The use of mAbs strongly correlated with high costs in @entity5 medical care and dominated other cost domains. Cetuximab-based treatment protocols in @entity14 @entity1 was substantially more expensive compared to trastuzumab (C50), bevacizumab (C20), and rituximab (C80) alternatives. Extremely high costs of mAbs are the key-issue for Eastern European policy makers by crossing the upper limits of affordability in middle-income economies.

title: Costs differences among monoclonal antibodies-based first-line oncology @entity5 protocols for XXXX , @entity14 and @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['first-line cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess and compare the costs of first-line monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) treatment protocols in @entity0 , @entity1893 and @entity14 in South-Eastern Europe. METHODS: A retrospective, bottom-up case series study design was implemented with one-year time horizon and payer's perspective. The study sample size was 265 @entity1 ( @entity0 , N=137; @entity14 , N=44; and @entity1893 , N=84), while treatment protocols included adjuvant mAbs: trastuzumab (N=137), bevacizumab (N=28), rituximab (N=16) and cetuximab (N=84). ICD-10 related resources use included history of medical services utilization, chronology (time out of service provision) and unit consumption of examinations, drugs prescribed, imaging, radiotherapy and surgical procedures provided etc., direct medical and lost productivity costs (   ) across treatment groups during 2010-2013. RESULTS: The average length of observation was 125+97 days per @entity1 . Total mean direct and indirect costs of care were: trastuzumab for @entity0 group     17,740 per @entity1 ; bevacizumab for @entity14 group    8,775 per @entity1 ; cetuximab for @entity14 group     27,181 per @entity1 ; and rituximab for @entity1893 group    19,431 per @entity1 . An average mAbs-treated @entity1 incurred    17,897 costs of medical care. The total combined budget of these 330 @entity1 was    4,742,775. CONCLUSIONS: The use of mAbs strongly correlated with high costs in @entity5 medical care and dominated other cost domains. Cetuximab-based treatment protocols in @entity14 @entity1 was substantially more expensive compared to trastuzumab (C50), bevacizumab (C20), and rituximab (C80) alternatives. Extremely high costs of mAbs are the key-issue for Eastern European policy makers by crossing the upper limits of affordability in middle-income economies.

title: Costs differences among monoclonal antibodies-based first-line oncology @entity5 protocols for @entity0 , XXXX and @entity1893 .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']