abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the validity of the Mini-mental state (MMS) in a neurological population. DESIGN: Comparing the results of a neuropsychological examination and the MMS score. SETTING: Departments of Neurology/Neuropsychology of the University Hospital Leiden. METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven @entity1 participated in the study. One hundred and eight @entity1 were classified into two diagnostic groups according to the deterioration index (obtained from test results of the neuropsychological examination) and DSM-III-R criteria: 63 @entity1 had @entity303 , 45 did not; the other 39 @entity1 were found to have specific @entity73 and were excluded from the group comparisons. The discriminative powers of the deterioration index and the MMS were compared; sensitivity and specificity were determined with several cut-off scores of the MMS. RESULTS: The @entity10843 had limited power to discriminate between demented and @entity3257 @entity1 . The MMS score was strongly related to premorbid intelligence, occupational level and age. Increasing the original cut-off score to 25 points improved sensitivity and specificity to 79% and 84% respectively (with the original cut-off level these were 68% and 93%). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic value of the MMS is limited, especially in @entity1 for whom a correct diagnosis is most relevant.

title: [The Mini Mental Status test inadequate as screening test for XXXX in a neurological department].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-demented']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive deterioration']


abstract: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed to determine the changes in water diffusion and to investigate the detectability of diffusion anisotropy in @entity1 with @entity1504 . Diffusion maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were created of 19 @entity1 with @entity385 , five with intracerebral @entity1410 , four with @entity11 , four with @entity1653 , four with @entity1276 , and five with subdural @entity1410 . ADC was increased in chronic @entity385 , and decreased in acute @entity385 , @entity1653 , and the marginal area of @entity11 compared with the ADC of the normal gray matter. There was a significant difference in ADC between the marginal and internal areas of @entity11 . Increased ADC may be due to increased vasogenic @entity4 in @entity1188 and a lack of significant restriction of diffusion within @entity11 . Decreased ADC can be attributed to restricted diffusion caused by @entity2657 in @entity1188 and the underlying histological pattern of densely packed @entity5 cells in @entity11 . Diffusion anisotropy of the internal capsule was less detectable in pathological than normal hemispheres. Diffusion anisotropy was less detectable in @entity1 with @entity1276 and subdural @entity1410 . @entity1504 were thought to have influenced the compression of the brain structures and cells, resulting in decreased diffusion. The measurement of ADC by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging has the potential for greater understanding of the biophysical changes in various @entity1504 , including correct diagnosis of cerebral infraction, and histological diagnosis of @entity1313 .

title: Clinical application of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxic edema']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial lesions', 'intracranial disorders']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction and glioma', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['intracranial disorders']


abstract: CONTEXT: A recent genome-wide association study identified variants near @entity23257 / @entity58850 ( @entity54873 ) and in @entity34593 ( @entity54874 ) to be associated with birth weight. We examined the associations of these variants with fetal growth characteristics in different trimesters, with a main interest in the timing of the associations and the affected body proportions. METHODS: We used data from two prospective cohort studies from fetal life onward in The Netherlands and Australia. Repeated fetal ultrasound examinations were performed to measure head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Analyses were based on a total group of 3909 subjects. RESULTS: The C-allele of @entity54873 was associated in second trimester with smaller fetal HC and FL, and in third trimester with smaller HC, AC, FL, and EFW. For each C-allele, the combined effect estimate for EFW in third trimester was -18.6 g (95% confidence interval, -27.5, -9.7 g; P = 4.2   10(-5)). The C-allele of @entity54874 was not associated with fetal growth characteristics in second trimester but was associated with restriction of all growth characteristics, except HC, in third trimester and at birth. For each C-allele, the combined effect estimate was -16.9 g (95% confidence interval, -26.8, -7.0 g; P = 8.4   10(-4)) for EFW in third trimester. Both genetic variants were associated with lower birth and placenta weight. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a genetic variant of @entity54873 leads to symmetric growth restriction from early pregnancy onward, whereas a genetic variant of @entity54874 leads to asymmetric growth restriction, characterized by a relatively larger HC, from third trimester.

title: Variants near XXXX / @entity58850 and in @entity34593 and fetal growth characteristics in different trimesters.

answer: @entity23257 :: (57018,Gene) :: ['CCNL1']


abstract: CONTEXT: A recent genome-wide association study identified variants near @entity23257 / @entity58850 ( @entity54873 ) and in @entity34593 ( @entity54874 ) to be associated with birth weight. We examined the associations of these variants with fetal growth characteristics in different trimesters, with a main interest in the timing of the associations and the affected body proportions. METHODS: We used data from two prospective cohort studies from fetal life onward in The Netherlands and Australia. Repeated fetal ultrasound examinations were performed to measure head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Analyses were based on a total group of 3909 subjects. RESULTS: The C-allele of @entity54873 was associated in second trimester with smaller fetal HC and FL, and in third trimester with smaller HC, AC, FL, and EFW. For each C-allele, the combined effect estimate for EFW in third trimester was -18.6 g (95% confidence interval, -27.5, -9.7 g; P = 4.2   10(-5)). The C-allele of @entity54874 was not associated with fetal growth characteristics in second trimester but was associated with restriction of all growth characteristics, except HC, in third trimester and at birth. For each C-allele, the combined effect estimate was -16.9 g (95% confidence interval, -26.8, -7.0 g; P = 8.4   10(-4)) for EFW in third trimester. Both genetic variants were associated with lower birth and placenta weight. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a genetic variant of @entity54873 leads to symmetric growth restriction from early pregnancy onward, whereas a genetic variant of @entity54874 leads to asymmetric growth restriction, characterized by a relatively larger HC, from third trimester.

title: Variants near @entity23257 / @entity58850 and in XXXX and fetal growth characteristics in different trimesters.

answer: @entity34593 :: (111,Gene) :: ['ADCY5']


abstract: CONTEXT: A recent genome-wide association study identified variants near @entity23257 / @entity58850 ( @entity54873 ) and in @entity34593 ( @entity54874 ) to be associated with birth weight. We examined the associations of these variants with fetal growth characteristics in different trimesters, with a main interest in the timing of the associations and the affected body proportions. METHODS: We used data from two prospective cohort studies from fetal life onward in The Netherlands and Australia. Repeated fetal ultrasound examinations were performed to measure head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Analyses were based on a total group of 3909 subjects. RESULTS: The C-allele of @entity54873 was associated in second trimester with smaller fetal HC and FL, and in third trimester with smaller HC, AC, FL, and EFW. For each C-allele, the combined effect estimate for EFW in third trimester was -18.6 g (95% confidence interval, -27.5, -9.7 g; P = 4.2   10(-5)). The C-allele of @entity54874 was not associated with fetal growth characteristics in second trimester but was associated with restriction of all growth characteristics, except HC, in third trimester and at birth. For each C-allele, the combined effect estimate was -16.9 g (95% confidence interval, -26.8, -7.0 g; P = 8.4   10(-4)) for EFW in third trimester. Both genetic variants were associated with lower birth and placenta weight. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a genetic variant of @entity54873 leads to symmetric growth restriction from early pregnancy onward, whereas a genetic variant of @entity54874 leads to asymmetric growth restriction, characterized by a relatively larger HC, from third trimester.

title: Variants near @entity23257 / XXXX and in @entity34593 and fetal growth characteristics in different trimesters.

answer: @entity58850 :: (389170,Gene) :: ['LEKR1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of different peak GH cut-off limits after @entity7704 - @entity534 test, @entity442 measurement, or their combination in identifying @entity1 with @entity51 ( @entity51 ). DESIGN AND @entity1 : Totally, 894 normal subjects (used for determining @entity442 normative limits) and 302 @entity1 with suspected @entity51 were included. Different peak GH cut-off limits (used by European (depending on body mass index (BMI)) or North American (4.1 g/l) Endocrine Societies, by HypoCCs (2.5 g/l), or with 95% specificity (based on BMI), Method 1, 2, 3, or 4 respectively) and @entity442 were considered. METHODS: Peak GH after @entity7704 - @entity534 and @entity442 . RESULTS: Different peak GH cut-off limits recognized different proportions of @entity51 (range, 24.8-62.9%). Methods 1 and 2 with high sensitivity recognized a higher proportion (95.5 and 92.5% respectively) of @entity51 among @entity1 with three (T) @entity51 ( @entity51 ), whereas Method 4 (with high specificity) identified 96.7% normal subjects among those without pituitary @entity51 ; on the contrary, Method 4 identified only 75% @entity51 among @entity1 with @entity29983 , whereas Method 1 recognized a high proportion (40%) of @entity51 among subjects without @entity51 . Of the total @entity1 , 82% with @entity29983 and 84.5% without @entity51 were recognized as @entity51 or normal respectively by @entity442 . Among the remaining @entity1 with @entity29983 and normal @entity442 , 75% was recognized as @entity51 by Method 1; among @entity1 without @entity51 and abnormal @entity442 , 87.5% was identified as normal by Method 4. Overall, combination of @entity442 and Method 1 or Method 4 identified 95.5% @entity51 among @entity1 with @entity29983 and 98.1% normal subjects among those without @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: Single peak GH cut-offs have limits to sharply differentiate @entity51 from normal subjects; @entity442 may be used for selecting @entity1 to be submitted to the @entity7704 - @entity534 test; the peak GH cut-off limits to be used for identifying healthy or diseased @entity1 depend mainly on the clinical context.

title: Impact of different cut-off limits of peak GH after XXXX -arginine stimulatory test, single @entity442 measurement, or their combination in identifying adult @entity1 with GH deficiency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficit', 'GHD', 'pituitary hormone deficits', 'HD']

answer: @entity7704 :: (2691,Gene) :: ['GHRH']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of different peak GH cut-off limits after @entity7704 - @entity534 test, @entity442 measurement, or their combination in identifying @entity1 with @entity51 ( @entity51 ). DESIGN AND @entity1 : Totally, 894 normal subjects (used for determining @entity442 normative limits) and 302 @entity1 with suspected @entity51 were included. Different peak GH cut-off limits (used by European (depending on body mass index (BMI)) or North American (4.1 g/l) Endocrine Societies, by HypoCCs (2.5 g/l), or with 95% specificity (based on BMI), Method 1, 2, 3, or 4 respectively) and @entity442 were considered. METHODS: Peak GH after @entity7704 - @entity534 and @entity442 . RESULTS: Different peak GH cut-off limits recognized different proportions of @entity51 (range, 24.8-62.9%). Methods 1 and 2 with high sensitivity recognized a higher proportion (95.5 and 92.5% respectively) of @entity51 among @entity1 with three (T) @entity51 ( @entity51 ), whereas Method 4 (with high specificity) identified 96.7% normal subjects among those without pituitary @entity51 ; on the contrary, Method 4 identified only 75% @entity51 among @entity1 with @entity29983 , whereas Method 1 recognized a high proportion (40%) of @entity51 among subjects without @entity51 . Of the total @entity1 , 82% with @entity29983 and 84.5% without @entity51 were recognized as @entity51 or normal respectively by @entity442 . Among the remaining @entity1 with @entity29983 and normal @entity442 , 75% was recognized as @entity51 by Method 1; among @entity1 without @entity51 and abnormal @entity442 , 87.5% was identified as normal by Method 4. Overall, combination of @entity442 and Method 1 or Method 4 identified 95.5% @entity51 among @entity1 with @entity29983 and 98.1% normal subjects among those without @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: Single peak GH cut-offs have limits to sharply differentiate @entity51 from normal subjects; @entity442 may be used for selecting @entity1 to be submitted to the @entity7704 - @entity534 test; the peak GH cut-off limits to be used for identifying healthy or diseased @entity1 depend mainly on the clinical context.

title: Impact of different cut-off limits of peak GH after @entity7704 -arginine stimulatory test, single XXXX measurement, or their combination in identifying adult @entity1 with GH deficiency.

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['IGF1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of different peak GH cut-off limits after @entity7704 - @entity534 test, @entity442 measurement, or their combination in identifying @entity1 with @entity51 ( @entity51 ). DESIGN AND @entity1 : Totally, 894 normal subjects (used for determining @entity442 normative limits) and 302 @entity1 with suspected @entity51 were included. Different peak GH cut-off limits (used by European (depending on body mass index (BMI)) or North American (4.1 g/l) Endocrine Societies, by HypoCCs (2.5 g/l), or with 95% specificity (based on BMI), Method 1, 2, 3, or 4 respectively) and @entity442 were considered. METHODS: Peak GH after @entity7704 - @entity534 and @entity442 . RESULTS: Different peak GH cut-off limits recognized different proportions of @entity51 (range, 24.8-62.9%). Methods 1 and 2 with high sensitivity recognized a higher proportion (95.5 and 92.5% respectively) of @entity51 among @entity1 with three (T) @entity51 ( @entity51 ), whereas Method 4 (with high specificity) identified 96.7% normal subjects among those without pituitary @entity51 ; on the contrary, Method 4 identified only 75% @entity51 among @entity1 with @entity29983 , whereas Method 1 recognized a high proportion (40%) of @entity51 among subjects without @entity51 . Of the total @entity1 , 82% with @entity29983 and 84.5% without @entity51 were recognized as @entity51 or normal respectively by @entity442 . Among the remaining @entity1 with @entity29983 and normal @entity442 , 75% was recognized as @entity51 by Method 1; among @entity1 without @entity51 and abnormal @entity442 , 87.5% was identified as normal by Method 4. Overall, combination of @entity442 and Method 1 or Method 4 identified 95.5% @entity51 among @entity1 with @entity29983 and 98.1% normal subjects among those without @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: Single peak GH cut-offs have limits to sharply differentiate @entity51 from normal subjects; @entity442 may be used for selecting @entity1 to be submitted to the @entity7704 - @entity534 test; the peak GH cut-off limits to be used for identifying healthy or diseased @entity1 depend mainly on the clinical context.

title: Impact of different cut-off limits of peak GH after @entity7704 -arginine stimulatory test, single @entity442 measurement, or their combination in identifying adult XXXX with GH deficiency.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Lymph node involvement by histopathology informs @entity14 prognosis, whereas recurrence in 25% of node-negative @entity1 suggests the presence of occult @entity3 . @entity19269 ( @entity19269 ) is a marker of @entity14 cells that identifies occult nodal metastases associated with recurrence risk. Here, we defined the association of @entity5 burden, quantified by @entity19269 reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), with outcomes in @entity14 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Lymph nodes (range: 2-159) from 291 prospectively enrolled node-negative @entity14 @entity1 were analyzed by histopathology and @entity19269 quantitative RT-PCR. @entity1 were followed for a median of 24 months (range: 2-63). Time to recurrence and disease-free survival served as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Association of outcomes with prognostic markers, including molecular @entity5 burden, was estimated by recursive partitioning and Cox models. RESULTS: In this cohort, 176 (60%) @entity1 exhibited @entity5 burden (Mol(Low)), and all but four remained free of disease [recurrence rate 2.3% (95% CI, 0.1-4.5%)]. Also, 90 (31%) @entity1 exhibited intermediate @entity5 burden (Mol(Int)) and 30 [33.3% (23.7-44.1)] developed recurrent disease. Furthermore, 25 (9%) @entity1 exhibited @entity5 burden (Mol(High)) and 17 [68.0% (46.5-85.1)] developed recurrent disease (P < 0.001). Occult @entity5 burden was an independent marker of prognosis. Mol(Int) and Mol(High) @entity1 exhibited a graded risk of earlier time to recurrence [Mol(Int), adjusted HR 25.52 (11.08-143.18); P < 0.001; Mol(High), 65.38 (39.01-676.94); P < 0.001] and reduced disease-free survival [Mol(Int), 9.77 (6.26-87.26); P < 0.001; Mol(High), 22.97 (21.59-316.16); P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: Molecular @entity5 burden in lymph nodes is independently associated with time to recurrence and disease-free survival in @entity1 with node-negative @entity14 .

title: Occult @entity5 burden predicts disease recurrence in lymph node-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity19269 :: ('2984', 'Gene') :: ['guanylyl cyclase C', 'GUCY2C']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'occult tumor', 'low tumor', 'high tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Lymph node involvement by histopathology informs @entity14 prognosis, whereas recurrence in 25% of node-negative @entity1 suggests the presence of occult @entity3 . @entity19269 ( @entity19269 ) is a marker of @entity14 cells that identifies occult nodal metastases associated with recurrence risk. Here, we defined the association of @entity5 burden, quantified by @entity19269 reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), with outcomes in @entity14 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Lymph nodes (range: 2-159) from 291 prospectively enrolled node-negative @entity14 @entity1 were analyzed by histopathology and @entity19269 quantitative RT-PCR. @entity1 were followed for a median of 24 months (range: 2-63). Time to recurrence and disease-free survival served as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Association of outcomes with prognostic markers, including molecular @entity5 burden, was estimated by recursive partitioning and Cox models. RESULTS: In this cohort, 176 (60%) @entity1 exhibited @entity5 burden (Mol(Low)), and all but four remained free of disease [recurrence rate 2.3% (95% CI, 0.1-4.5%)]. Also, 90 (31%) @entity1 exhibited intermediate @entity5 burden (Mol(Int)) and 30 [33.3% (23.7-44.1)] developed recurrent disease. Furthermore, 25 (9%) @entity1 exhibited @entity5 burden (Mol(High)) and 17 [68.0% (46.5-85.1)] developed recurrent disease (P < 0.001). Occult @entity5 burden was an independent marker of prognosis. Mol(Int) and Mol(High) @entity1 exhibited a graded risk of earlier time to recurrence [Mol(Int), adjusted HR 25.52 (11.08-143.18); P < 0.001; Mol(High), 65.38 (39.01-676.94); P < 0.001] and reduced disease-free survival [Mol(Int), 9.77 (6.26-87.26); P < 0.001; Mol(High), 22.97 (21.59-316.16); P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: Molecular @entity5 burden in lymph nodes is independently associated with time to recurrence and disease-free survival in @entity1 with node-negative @entity14 .

title: Occult XXXX burden predicts disease recurrence in lymph node-negative @entity14 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The occurrence of minimal @entity66 is an important prognostic factor under @entity981 in @entity1 and adults. In overwhelming majority of research studies bone marrow is used to detect minimal @entity66 . The comparative characteristic of detection of minimal @entity1503 and bone marrow was carried out. The prognostic role of occurrence of minimal @entity1503 and bone marrow under therapy according protocol @entity11626 -Baby was evaluated. The analysis embraced 142 pair samples from 53 @entity1 with @entity981 and various displacements of gene @entity11626 younger than 365 days. The minimal @entity66 was detected by force of identification of chimeric transcripts using polymerase chain reaction in real-time mode in 7 sequential points of observation established by protocol of therapy. The comparability of results of qualitative detection of minimal @entity66 in bone marrow and peripheral blood amounted to 84.5%. At that, in all 22 (15.5%) discordant samples minimal @entity66 was detected only in bone marrow. Despite of high level of comparability of results of detection of minimal @entity1503 and bone marrow the occurrence of minimal @entity1503 at various stages of therapy demonstrated no independent prognostic significance. The established differences had no relationship with sensitivity of method determined by value of absolute expression of gene @entity1861 . Most likely, these differences reflected real distribution of @entity5 cells. The results of study demonstrated that application of peripheral blood instead of bone marrow for monitoring of minimal @entity66 under @entity981 in @entity1 of first year of life is inappropriate. At the same time, retention of minimal @entity66 in TH4 in bone marrow was an independent and prognostic unfavorable factor under therapy of @entity981 of @entity1 of first year of life according protocol @entity11626 -Baby (OO=7.326, confidence interval 2.378-22.565).

title: [THE COMPARISON OF RESULTS OF DETECTION OF MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND MARROW IN XXXX OF THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUCOSIS].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leucosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease in peripheral blood']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['CHILDREN']


abstract: The authors examine the behaviour of electric systole during @entity10129 treatment using doses of at least 10 mg/die in association with modifications of @entity63 signs recorded using surface ECG in a series of 70 elderly @entity1 . @entity1 were subdivided into three groups according to the results obtained from a comparison of real electric systole ( @entity1162 ) with that corrected for ventricular frequency (Qtc), as well as the difference expressed in mean values (VM). 1) @entity1 with elongated @entity1162 . Following @entity10129 treatment this group showed a mean elongation of electric systole of 0.393" +/- 0.025 with a R correlation index between electric systoles before and after treatment of 0.633" which expresses the amplitude of the elongation for each starting @entity1162 unit (p < 0.001). The mean value in the two conditions increased from -1.381 +/- 2.111 contraction units to 3.568 +/- 2.697 elongation units and mean deviation was 4.886 +/- 2.170 units with an absolute value of 211.0 units which expresses the elongation of the electric systole in the overall sample compared to @entity460 antagonists as an iatrogenic phenomenon. @entity63 signs improved or disappeared in 40 out of 44 cases (90.91%) for the T wave and in 36 out of 41 cases (87.80%) for the ST tract. 2) @entity1 with normalised @entity1162 . In 6 cases which showed elongated pretreatment electric systole, it was observed that values became normal passing from a mean of 0.390" +/- 0.40 to 0.377" +/- 0.053. Mean deviation diminished from 3.833 +/- 0.983 units to 1.333 +/- 1.211 units with statistical significance only for paired data in 2 groups (p < 0.001), without correlation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in the treatment of @entity63 in the aged. Study of electric systole].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity10129 :: ('MESH:D015737', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoldipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity10129 :: (MESH:D015737,Chemical) :: ['Nisoldipine']


abstract: The authors examine the behaviour of electric systole during @entity10129 treatment using doses of at least 10 mg/die in association with modifications of @entity63 signs recorded using surface ECG in a series of 70 elderly @entity1 . @entity1 were subdivided into three groups according to the results obtained from a comparison of real electric systole ( @entity1162 ) with that corrected for ventricular frequency (Qtc), as well as the difference expressed in mean values (VM). 1) @entity1 with elongated @entity1162 . Following @entity10129 treatment this group showed a mean elongation of electric systole of 0.393" +/- 0.025 with a R correlation index between electric systoles before and after treatment of 0.633" which expresses the amplitude of the elongation for each starting @entity1162 unit (p < 0.001). The mean value in the two conditions increased from -1.381 +/- 2.111 contraction units to 3.568 +/- 2.697 elongation units and mean deviation was 4.886 +/- 2.170 units with an absolute value of 211.0 units which expresses the elongation of the electric systole in the overall sample compared to @entity460 antagonists as an iatrogenic phenomenon. @entity63 signs improved or disappeared in 40 out of 44 cases (90.91%) for the T wave and in 36 out of 41 cases (87.80%) for the ST tract. 2) @entity1 with normalised @entity1162 . In 6 cases which showed elongated pretreatment electric systole, it was observed that values became normal passing from a mean of 0.390" +/- 0.40 to 0.377" +/- 0.053. Mean deviation diminished from 3.833 +/- 0.983 units to 1.333 +/- 1.211 units with statistical significance only for paired data in 2 groups (p < 0.001), without correlation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity10129 in the treatment of XXXX in the aged. Study of electric systole].

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic cardiopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effect of a rotating microkeratome (M2) and a linear microkeratome (SBK) on the change in the astigmatic component in eyes with preoperative plano refractive cylinder. SETTING: University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: An Allegretto excimer laser was used to perform laser ablation in myopic eyes of consecutive @entity1 . The laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure included mechanical @entity1912 preparation using a microkeratome, either a linear type with a single-use 90  m head to create a nasal hinge or a rotating type with a single-use 90  m head to create a superior hinge. The Alpins vector method was applied to describe the effects of LASIK on postoperative refractive cylinder. RESULTS: The study evaluated 1045 eyes of 852 @entity1 . Although the mean overall efficacy and safety indices indicate the procedure was highly precise, safe, and efficient, there were statistically significant differences in surgically induced @entity940 (SIA) between the microkeratomes (P  =  .002). The postoperative refractive cylinder (ie, SIA) was 0.75 diopter (D) or more in 116 eyes (11.1%), 44 (12.8%) of 344 linear cases and 72 (10.3%) of 701 rotating cases. Independent of the type of microkeratome used, the SIA was slightly higher in eyes treated first; the mean magnitude of the induced @entity940 was 0.35 D. CONCLUSIONS: In approximately 10% of eyes with preoperative plano refractive @entity1714 , the astigmatic component tended to be overcorrected. Nevertheless, independent of the type of microkeratome, the maximum mean magnitude of refractive cylinder documented was 0.35 D. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: @entity1912 -induced @entity940 in eyes with sphere XXXX correction: Superior hinge using a rotating microkeratome versus nasal hinge using a linear microkeratome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effect of a rotating microkeratome (M2) and a linear microkeratome (SBK) on the change in the astigmatic component in eyes with preoperative plano refractive cylinder. SETTING: University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: An Allegretto excimer laser was used to perform laser ablation in myopic eyes of consecutive @entity1 . The laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure included mechanical @entity1912 preparation using a microkeratome, either a linear type with a single-use 90  m head to create a nasal hinge or a rotating type with a single-use 90  m head to create a superior hinge. The Alpins vector method was applied to describe the effects of LASIK on postoperative refractive cylinder. RESULTS: The study evaluated 1045 eyes of 852 @entity1 . Although the mean overall efficacy and safety indices indicate the procedure was highly precise, safe, and efficient, there were statistically significant differences in surgically induced @entity940 (SIA) between the microkeratomes (P  =  .002). The postoperative refractive cylinder (ie, SIA) was 0.75 diopter (D) or more in 116 eyes (11.1%), 44 (12.8%) of 344 linear cases and 72 (10.3%) of 701 rotating cases. Independent of the type of microkeratome used, the SIA was slightly higher in eyes treated first; the mean magnitude of the induced @entity940 was 0.35 D. CONCLUSIONS: In approximately 10% of eyes with preoperative plano refractive @entity1714 , the astigmatic component tended to be overcorrected. Nevertheless, independent of the type of microkeratome, the maximum mean magnitude of refractive cylinder documented was 0.35 D. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: XXXX -induced @entity940 in eyes with sphere @entity1714 correction: Superior hinge using a rotating microkeratome versus nasal hinge using a linear microkeratome.

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effect of a rotating microkeratome (M2) and a linear microkeratome (SBK) on the change in the astigmatic component in eyes with preoperative plano refractive cylinder. SETTING: University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: An Allegretto excimer laser was used to perform laser ablation in myopic eyes of consecutive @entity1 . The laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure included mechanical @entity1912 preparation using a microkeratome, either a linear type with a single-use 90  m head to create a nasal hinge or a rotating type with a single-use 90  m head to create a superior hinge. The Alpins vector method was applied to describe the effects of LASIK on postoperative refractive cylinder. RESULTS: The study evaluated 1045 eyes of 852 @entity1 . Although the mean overall efficacy and safety indices indicate the procedure was highly precise, safe, and efficient, there were statistically significant differences in surgically induced @entity940 (SIA) between the microkeratomes (P  =  .002). The postoperative refractive cylinder (ie, SIA) was 0.75 diopter (D) or more in 116 eyes (11.1%), 44 (12.8%) of 344 linear cases and 72 (10.3%) of 701 rotating cases. Independent of the type of microkeratome used, the SIA was slightly higher in eyes treated first; the mean magnitude of the induced @entity940 was 0.35 D. CONCLUSIONS: In approximately 10% of eyes with preoperative plano refractive @entity1714 , the astigmatic component tended to be overcorrected. Nevertheless, independent of the type of microkeratome, the maximum mean magnitude of refractive cylinder documented was 0.35 D. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: @entity1912 -induced XXXX in eyes with sphere @entity1714 correction: Superior hinge using a rotating microkeratome versus nasal hinge using a linear microkeratome.

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['astigmatism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) of the mammary gland represents an early, pre-invasive stage in the development of @entity0 . Since @entity3821 is a curable disease, it would be highly desirable to identify molecular markers that allow early detection. @entity19 transgenic for the WAP-SV40 early genome region were used as a model for @entity3821 development. Gene expression profiling was carried out on @entity3821 -bearing @entity19 and control animals. Additionally, a set of @entity1 @entity3821 and invasive @entity5 were analyzed in a similar fashion. Enhanced expression of these marker genes in @entity1 and @entity19 samples was validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Besides, marker gene expression was also validated by immunohistochemistry of @entity1 samples. Furthermore in silico analyses using an online microarray database were performed. RESULTS: In @entity3821 - @entity19 seven genes were identified that were significantly up-regulated in @entity3821 : @entity73147 , @entity73148 , @entity73149 , @entity2153 , @entity14633 , @entity44915 and @entity1189 . A similar up-regulation of homologues of the @entity19 genes was observed in @entity1 @entity3821 samples. Enhanced expression of these genes in @entity3821 and @entity513 ( @entity513 ) was validated by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: By comparing @entity19 markers for the @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) of the mammary gland with genes up-regulated in @entity1 @entity3821 -samples we were able to identify a set of genes which might allow early detection of @entity3821 and invasive @entity189 in the future. The similarities between gene expression in @entity3821 and invasive @entity189 in our data suggest that the early detection and treatment of @entity3821 is of utmost relevance for the survival of @entity1 who are at high risk of developing @entity0 .

title: Identification of early molecular markers for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast carcinoma', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the epidemiologic characteristics of @entity1 who have mild dyskaryosis on cervical smear but @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) grade II or III at biopsy. METHODS: We analyzed information from 291 @entity1 (median age 33 years, range 17-69) observed for the first time with a single smear test showing mild dyskaryosis. All subjects underwent colposcopy, and histologic confirmation was obtained by biopsy. We compared the characteristics of @entity1 who had @entity3146 I or no evidence of @entity3146 with those of @entity1 with @entity3146 or III at biopsy. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 (10%) had @entity3146 I at biopsy, 46 (15%) @entity3146 , and 23 (8%) @entity3146 . The frequency of @entity3146 or III tended to decrease with increasing education; compared with @entity1 reporting 11 or fewer years of education, the multivariate odds ratios (OR) of @entity3146 was 0.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-0.9) in those reporting 11 years of education or more. Compared with nulliparas, the OR of @entity3146 or III was 1.8 (95% CI 1.1-3.5) for parous @entity1 . Furthermore, compared with never-smokers, the OR of @entity3146 or III was 2.3 (95% CI 1.0-5.4) for current smokers. Ex-smokers were at increased risk, too; the estimated multivariate OR was 3.8 (95% CI 1.9-7.6). Compared with @entity1 reporting one sexual partner, the multivariate ORs of @entity3146 or III were 1.4 and 2.3 for @entity1 reporting two to three or four or more sexual partners, respectively (chi 2(1) trend = 6.65, P < .05). CONCLUSION: Our results show that smoking is a risk indicator of @entity3146 or III in @entity1 with a single smear showing mild dyskaryosis. Parous @entity1 , those of low social standing, and those reporting multiple sexual partners also are at increased risk of @entity3146 or III.

title: Determinants of high-grade dysplasia among XXXX with mild dyskaryosis on cervical smear.

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN II', 'CIN III', 'CIN', 'CIN II or III lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity1457 proteins (Hsp) perform cytoprotective functions such as apoptosis regulation and inflammatory response control. These proteins can also be secreted to the extracellular medium, acting as inflammatory mediators, and their chaperone activity permits correct folding of proteins and avoids the aggregation of anomalous isoforms. Several studies have proposed the implication of Hsp in @entity1579 . We analysed the gene expression and protein distribution of different members of the Hsp27, @entity73150 , and Hsp90 families in the central nervous system of @entity742 naturally infected with scrapie. Different expression profiles were observed in the areas analysed. Whereas changes in transcript levels were not observed in the cerebellum or medulla oblongata, a significant decrease in HSP27 and HSP90 was detected in the prefrontal cortex. In contrast, HSP73 was over-expressed in diencephalons of scrapie animals. Western blotting did not reveal significant differences in Hsp90 and @entity73150 protein expression between scrapie and control animals. Expression rates identified by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting were compared with the extent of classical @entity75 using stepwise regression. Changes in Hsp gene and protein expression were associated with prion @entity1131 , @entity5219 and spongiosis rather than with apoptosis. Finally, immunohistochemistry revealed intense @entity73150 and Hsp90 immunolabelling in Purkinje cells of scrapie @entity742 . In contrast, controls displayed little or no staining in these cells. The observed differences in gene expression and protein distribution suggest that the @entity1457 proteins analysed play a role in the natural form of the disease.

title: Changes in HSP gene and protein expression in natural scrapie with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['scrapie lesions']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deposition']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion diseases']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity339 is the most common indication for reoperation in @entity1 following repair of @entity474 ( @entity474 ). We hypothesized that @entity1289 inhibitor therapy would decrease the severity of @entity339 and limit left ventricular @entity1284 in @entity1 following @entity474 repair. METHODS: The Pediatric Heart Network designed a placebo-controlled randomized trial of @entity4688 in this population. The primary aim was to test the effect of @entity4688 on the change in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension body surface area-adjusted z score. Before the launch of the trial, a feasibility study was performed to estimate the number of @entity1 with at least moderate @entity339 following @entity474 repair. TRIAL EXPERIENCE: Seventeen months after the start of the study, 349 @entity1 were screened, 8 were trial eligible, and only 5 were enrolled. The study was subsequently terminated because of low @entity1 accrual. Several factors led to the problems with @entity1 accrual, including (1) the use of criteria to assess disease severity in the feasibility study that were not identical to those used in the trial, (2) failure to achieve equipoise for the study among clinicians and referring physicians, (3)  reliance on methodology developed in adult populations with different disease mechanisms, and (4) absence of adequate data to define the natural history of the disease process under study. Progress in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity65 will depend on the future of multicenter collaborative clinical trials. The lessons learned from this study may contribute to improvements in this research.

title: Lessons learned from a pediatric clinical trial: the Pediatric Heart Network @entity1289 inhibition in XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect', 'AVSD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity339 is the most common indication for reoperation in @entity1 following repair of @entity474 ( @entity474 ). We hypothesized that @entity1289 inhibitor therapy would decrease the severity of @entity339 and limit left ventricular @entity1284 in @entity1 following @entity474 repair. METHODS: The Pediatric Heart Network designed a placebo-controlled randomized trial of @entity4688 in this population. The primary aim was to test the effect of @entity4688 on the change in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension body surface area-adjusted z score. Before the launch of the trial, a feasibility study was performed to estimate the number of @entity1 with at least moderate @entity339 following @entity474 repair. TRIAL EXPERIENCE: Seventeen months after the start of the study, 349 @entity1 were screened, 8 were trial eligible, and only 5 were enrolled. The study was subsequently terminated because of low @entity1 accrual. Several factors led to the problems with @entity1 accrual, including (1) the use of criteria to assess disease severity in the feasibility study that were not identical to those used in the trial, (2) failure to achieve equipoise for the study among clinicians and referring physicians, (3)  reliance on methodology developed in adult populations with different disease mechanisms, and (4) absence of adequate data to define the natural history of the disease process under study. Progress in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity65 will depend on the future of multicenter collaborative clinical trials. The lessons learned from this study may contribute to improvements in this research.

title: Lessons learned from a pediatric clinical trial: the Pediatric Heart Network XXXX inhibition in @entity339 study.

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The COMMIT/CCS-2 trial, published in 2005, demonstrated no net benefit of early b-blocker (BB) therapy in @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). We sought to assess the short-term impact of this landmark trial by comparing the use of early BB therapy in @entity1 with a broad spectrum of @entity1187 before and after 2005. METHODS: Using data from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events and Canadian Registry of Acute Coronary Events, we compared the rates of BB use within the first 24 hours of presentation in the periods 1999 to 2005 and 2006 to 2008, after stratifying @entity1 by the type of @entity1187 ( @entity583 [ @entity583 ] and non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 [NSTEACS]) and clinical presentation. RESULTS: Of the 14,231 @entity1 with @entity1187 , 77.7% received BB therapy within 24 hours of presentation (78.5% and 77.4% in the @entity583 and NSTEACS groups, respectively). The early use of BB declined in the @entity583 group (80.3% to 76.7%, P = .005) but increased in the NSTEACS group (75.4% to 78.9%, P < .001) after 2005. Long-term BB use, higher systolic blood pressure, and higher heart rate were independent predictors of early BB use. Conversely, @entity1 who were female, older, Killip class >1, and had @entity1167 at presentation were less likely to receive early BB. Multivariable analysis showed a trend toward lower use of BB among @entity1 with @entity583 (adjusted odds ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.57-1.00, P = .055) and a trend toward more frequent BB use among @entity1 with NSTEACS (adjusted odds ratio 1.22, 95% CI 0.96-1.55, P = .11) after 2005. The temporal trends in the early use of BB differed between @entity1 with @entity583 and @entity1 with NSTEACS (P for interaction with period <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with @entity583 or NSTEACS were treated with early BB therapy. In accordance with the COMMMIT/CCS-2 trial, @entity1 with lower systolic blood pressure and higher Killip class in the "real world" less frequently received early BB therapy. Since the publication of COMMIT/CCS-2, there has been no significant change in the use of BB in @entity1 with @entity583 or NSTEACS after controlling for their clinical characteristics.

title: Has the ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in @entity583 Trial (COMMIT) of early b-blocker use in XXXX impacted on clinical practice in Canada? Insights from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The COMMIT/CCS-2 trial, published in 2005, demonstrated no net benefit of early b-blocker (BB) therapy in @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). We sought to assess the short-term impact of this landmark trial by comparing the use of early BB therapy in @entity1 with a broad spectrum of @entity1187 before and after 2005. METHODS: Using data from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events and Canadian Registry of Acute Coronary Events, we compared the rates of BB use within the first 24 hours of presentation in the periods 1999 to 2005 and 2006 to 2008, after stratifying @entity1 by the type of @entity1187 ( @entity583 [ @entity583 ] and non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 [NSTEACS]) and clinical presentation. RESULTS: Of the 14,231 @entity1 with @entity1187 , 77.7% received BB therapy within 24 hours of presentation (78.5% and 77.4% in the @entity583 and NSTEACS groups, respectively). The early use of BB declined in the @entity583 group (80.3% to 76.7%, P = .005) but increased in the NSTEACS group (75.4% to 78.9%, P < .001) after 2005. Long-term BB use, higher systolic blood pressure, and higher heart rate were independent predictors of early BB use. Conversely, @entity1 who were female, older, Killip class >1, and had @entity1167 at presentation were less likely to receive early BB. Multivariable analysis showed a trend toward lower use of BB among @entity1 with @entity583 (adjusted odds ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.57-1.00, P = .055) and a trend toward more frequent BB use among @entity1 with NSTEACS (adjusted odds ratio 1.22, 95% CI 0.96-1.55, P = .11) after 2005. The temporal trends in the early use of BB differed between @entity1 with @entity583 and @entity1 with NSTEACS (P for interaction with period <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with @entity583 or NSTEACS were treated with early BB therapy. In accordance with the COMMMIT/CCS-2 trial, @entity1 with lower systolic blood pressure and higher Killip class in the "real world" less frequently received early BB therapy. Since the publication of COMMIT/CCS-2, there has been no significant change in the use of BB in @entity1 with @entity583 or NSTEACS after controlling for their clinical characteristics.

title: Has the ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in XXXX Trial (COMMIT) of early b-blocker use in @entity1187 impacted on clinical practice in Canada? Insights from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE).

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the rate of response to long-term low-dose @entity4677 ( @entity29279 ) treatment and the clinical factors associated with response. METHODS: The response to low-dose @entity29279 of 43 @entity1 with @entity302 (22 male, 21 female; age range, 5-39 years; median age, 13   years) was retrospectively assessed. @entity1 aged <15   years received <20   mg/kg/day @entity29279 , whereas those aged >= 15   years received <1000   mg/day @entity29279 . Clinical features were compared between responders to low-dose @entity29279 , responders to the recommended dose, and non-responders. RESULTS: Of the 43 @entity1 who received low-dose @entity29279 , 13 (30%) showed improvement, defined as @entity410 cessation or >75% @entity410 reduction over 6   months for @entity1 with monthly, weekly, and daily @entity410 ; and over 1   year for @entity1 with yearly @entity410 . Efficacy was maintained for >1   year in 10 (77%) of the 13 @entity1 . Long-term response to low-dose @entity29279 was significantly associated with older age at onset and fewer previous treatments with ineffective anti- @entity302 drugs. All @entity1 showing long-term response to low-dose @entity29279 developed only focal @entity410 . CONCLUSIONS: Titration of @entity29279 starting from a low dose may be effective in selected @entity1 . Once @entity1 respond to low-dose treatment, maintenance of the effective dosage may prolong response.

title: Clinical features of long-term low-dose XXXX treatment for @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity4677 :: (MESH:C026098,Chemical) :: ['levetiracetam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the rate of response to long-term low-dose @entity4677 ( @entity29279 ) treatment and the clinical factors associated with response. METHODS: The response to low-dose @entity29279 of 43 @entity1 with @entity302 (22 male, 21 female; age range, 5-39 years; median age, 13   years) was retrospectively assessed. @entity1 aged <15   years received <20   mg/kg/day @entity29279 , whereas those aged >= 15   years received <1000   mg/day @entity29279 . Clinical features were compared between responders to low-dose @entity29279 , responders to the recommended dose, and non-responders. RESULTS: Of the 43 @entity1 who received low-dose @entity29279 , 13 (30%) showed improvement, defined as @entity410 cessation or >75% @entity410 reduction over 6   months for @entity1 with monthly, weekly, and daily @entity410 ; and over 1   year for @entity1 with yearly @entity410 . Efficacy was maintained for >1   year in 10 (77%) of the 13 @entity1 . Long-term response to low-dose @entity29279 was significantly associated with older age at onset and fewer previous treatments with ineffective anti- @entity302 drugs. All @entity1 showing long-term response to low-dose @entity29279 developed only focal @entity410 . CONCLUSIONS: Titration of @entity29279 starting from a low dose may be effective in selected @entity1 . Once @entity1 respond to low-dose treatment, maintenance of the effective dosage may prolong response.

title: Clinical features of long-term low-dose @entity4677 treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Intussusception is one of the most common @entity1661 in @entity1 , but identifying the cause is very difficult. @entity2695 is a common @entity5 of the @entity135 area in @entity1 , but it rarely arises in the gastrointestinal tract. This report describes a rare occurrence of intussusception caused by @entity8702 of the colon that was identified by ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and colonoscopy. A male @entity1 aged 2  years and 10  months developed @entity158 abdominal cramps and @entity360 . Abdominal US and CT revealed both target and pseudo-kidney signs in the colon, indicating @entity694 . An initial diagnostic and therapeutic laparotomy did not reveal any abnormalities. Seven days later, severe @entity490 recurred. A barium enema revealed the shadow of a 25-mm mass at the hepatic flexure of the colon. Colonoscopic findings revealed a @entity5 in the descending colon that was moved to the cecum by compressed air introduced through the colonoscope. We considered that the mass in the cecum had caused the intussusception. The @entity5 was removed at a second laparotomy, and microscopic pathological examination revealed that it was a @entity8702 .

title: Intussusception in a @entity1 caused by XXXX of the colon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['Hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal emergencies']

entities_list: @entity8702 :: ('MESH:D018324', 'Disease') :: ['capillary hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic intussusception']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia']

answer: @entity8702 :: (MESH:D018324,Disease) :: ['capillary hemangioma']


abstract: Intussusception is one of the most common @entity1661 in @entity1 , but identifying the cause is very difficult. @entity2695 is a common @entity5 of the @entity135 area in @entity1 , but it rarely arises in the gastrointestinal tract. This report describes a rare occurrence of intussusception caused by @entity8702 of the colon that was identified by ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and colonoscopy. A male @entity1 aged 2  years and 10  months developed @entity158 abdominal cramps and @entity360 . Abdominal US and CT revealed both target and pseudo-kidney signs in the colon, indicating @entity694 . An initial diagnostic and therapeutic laparotomy did not reveal any abnormalities. Seven days later, severe @entity490 recurred. A barium enema revealed the shadow of a 25-mm mass at the hepatic flexure of the colon. Colonoscopic findings revealed a @entity5 in the descending colon that was moved to the cecum by compressed air introduced through the colonoscope. We considered that the mass in the cecum had caused the intussusception. The @entity5 was removed at a second laparotomy, and microscopic pathological examination revealed that it was a @entity8702 .

title: Intussusception in a XXXX caused by @entity8702 of the colon.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: Massive hemoptysis and/or recurrent expectoration of measurable amounts of blood are common complications of @entity281 in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). When conservative treatment fails to control @entity548 , surgery or bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is frequently considered. We present our experience and long-term follow up of BAE in 14 @entity1577 @entity1 (age range 15-39 years) with massive (6 subjects) and/or recurrent (8 subjects) hemoptysis not responsive to medical treatment. Seven had chronic @entity1576 . After angiographic evaluation, @entity4832 particles (Ivalon) were injected to embolize obviously enlarged bronchial arteries. Seventeen procedures were performed in 14 @entity1 and 36 bronchial arteries were embolized. All the @entity1 stopped @entity548 immediately upon BAE. Most of the @entity1 had postembolization @entity221 , @entity1282 , and transient @entity662 which were managed symptomatically. After a median follow-up period of 10.5 months (range 0.5-38 months), no recurrence of hemoptysis was observed in 8 @entity1 who are still alive. In 3 @entity1 hemoptysis recurred and they underwent reembolization after 3, 22, and 25 months, respectively. Three subjects died of @entity1576 within 5 months from BAE. Presently, 50% of @entity1 studied had a > or = 1 year interval free of major hemoptysis after the first BAE. Our experience indicates that massive and/or recurrent hemoptysis in @entity1577 @entity1 can be safety and effectively managed by BAE if the procedure is performed by a skilled practitioner. The procedure was well tolerated and resulted in prolonged and satisfactory @entity548 control in most @entity1 .

title: Bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bronchopulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnic respiratory failure', 'respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1536 antimicrobials are synthetic and widely used in clinical medicine. Resistance emerged with clinical use and became common in some bacterial pathogens. Mechanisms of resistance include two categories of mutation and acquisition of resistance-conferring genes. Resistance mutations in one or both of the two drug target enzymes, DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV, are commonly in a localized domain of the GyrA and ParE subunits of the respective enzymes and reduce drug binding to the enzyme-DNA complex. Other resistance mutations occur in regulatory genes that control the expression of native efflux pumps localized in the bacterial membrane(s). These pumps have broad substrate profiles that include @entity5176 as well as other antimicrobials, disinfectants, and dyes. Mutations of both types can accumulate with selection pressure and produce highly resistant strains. Resistance genes acquired on plasmids can confer low-level resistance that promotes the selection of mutational high-level resistance. Plasmid-encoded resistance is due to Qnr proteins that protect the target enzymes from @entity1536 action, one mutant @entity5292 -modifying enzyme that also modifies certain @entity5176 , and mobile efflux pumps. Plasmids with these mechanisms often encode additional antimicrobial resistances and can transfer multidrug resistance that includes @entity5176 . Thus, the bacterial @entity1536 resistance armamentarium is large.

title: Mechanisms of drug resistance: XXXX resistance.

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity5292 :: ('D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolone', 'quinolone']

answer: @entity1536 :: (CHEBI:23765,Chemical) :: ['quinolone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eating habits are developed during the preschool years and track into adulthood, but few studies have quantified dietary quality of meals packed by parents for preschool @entity1 enrolled in early care and education centers. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the dietary quality of preschoolers' sack lunches using the @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) 2010 to provide parents of preschool @entity1 with guidance to increase the healthfulness of their @entity1 's lunch. DESIGN: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline dietary data from the Lunch Is in the Bag trial. @entity1 : A total of 607 parent- @entity1 dyads from 30 early care and education centers in Central and South Texas were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total and component scores of the @entity1277 were computed using data obtained from direct observations of packed lunches and of @entity1 's consumption. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Three-level regression models with random intercepts at the early care and education center and @entity1 level were used; all models were adjusted for @entity1 sex, age, and body mass index (calculated as kg/m(2)). RESULTS: Mean @entity1277 -2010 total scores were 58 for lunches packed and 52 for lunches consumed, out of 100 possible points. Mean @entity1277 component scores for packed and consumed lunches were lowest for greens and beans (6% and 8% of possible points), total vegetables (33% and 28%), seafood and plant proteins (33% and 29%), and whole grains (38% and 34%); and highest for empty calories (85% and 68% of possible points), total fruit (80% and 70%), whole fruit (79% and 64%), and total protein foods (76% and 69%). CONCLUSIONS: Parents of preschool @entity1 pack lunches with low dietary quality that lack vegetables, plant proteins, and whole grains, as measured by the @entity1277 . Education of parents and care providers in early care and education centers is vital to ensure that preschoolers receive high dietary-quality meals that promote their preference for and knowledge of a healthy diet.

title: Dietary Quality of Preschoolers' Sack Lunches as Measured by the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['Healthy Eating Index', 'HEI']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['Healthy Eating Index']


abstract: The expression of HLA class I (HLA-A, B, C) and class II (HLA-DR) antigens on the biliary epithelium of 10 @entity1 (nine @entity1 ) with @entity991 ( @entity991 ) was investigated using an immunoperoxidase technique on cryostat sections. Five @entity1 were staged as grade II and five grade III on hepatic histology. None were cirrhotic. as grade II and five grade III on hepatic histology. None were cirrhotic. Controls were nine @entity1 with @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ), five with extra @entity99 , 15 with other forms of @entity409 and six with normal livers. Bile ducts from the normal subjects and @entity1 with @entity409 did not express HLA-DR antigens. In contrast, all 10 of the @entity991 biopsies showed varying degrees of HLA-DR staining of the biliary epithelium. Expression of DR antigens was also found on the bile ducts of all five @entity1 with extra @entity99 and in six of nine @entity1 with @entity2835 . Expression of HLA class I antigens was seen on the biliary epithelium of all the biopsies examined. Increased numbers of helper and suppressor T-cells were seen in the portal tracts of all the @entity991 @entity1 . This study has confirmed that aberrant expression of HLA-DR may occur on the biliary epithelium of some, but not all, @entity1 with @entity2835 . In addition, the study has shown that aberrant expression of HLA-DR always occurs in PCS at an early stage of histological @entity409 . While this may be important in the pathogenesis of @entity991 , the aberrant expression in extra @entity99 suggests that it may be a secondary phenomenon.

title: Expression of HLA-DR antigens on bile duct epithelium in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detection of paroxysmal @entity955 (PAF) after a @entity64 is challenging. The purpose of this study was to develop a clinical score to predict PAF in a cohort of acute @entity385 @entity1 prospectively and to validate it in an independent cohort. METHODS: Consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 without permanent @entity955 were enrolled in a derivation sample (n  =  294) or a validation sample (n  =  155). We developed a score for predicting PAF by independent risk factors derived from a logistic regression analysis of the derivation cohort and validated the score in the external cohort. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis in the derivation cohort identified 3 variables independently associated with PAF. We calculated a score from these variables (history of @entity943 or antiarrhythmic agent use [yes, 3 points], left @entity384 [>= 40  mm, 1 point], brain natriuretic peptide [ @entity3876 , >= 50 pg/mL, 1 point; >= 90 pg/mL, 2 points; >= 150 pg/ml, 3 points], total score, 0-7). The iPAB score (identified by past history of @entity943 or antiarrhythmic agent use, @entity384 , and @entity3876 elevation) predicted PAF in the derivation (c statistic, .90) and validation (.94) cohorts at levels statistically superior to other biomarkers and clinical scores. For a total score 2 or more, the sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 71%, respectively. For a total score of 4 or more, the corresponding values were 60% and 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective study suggests that this simple risk score superior to other scores help clinicians predict PAF or identify good candidates for further evaluation to detect PAF.

title: A Score for Predicting @entity955 in XXXX @entity1 : iPAB Score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dilation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Acute Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detection of paroxysmal @entity955 (PAF) after a @entity64 is challenging. The purpose of this study was to develop a clinical score to predict PAF in a cohort of acute @entity385 @entity1 prospectively and to validate it in an independent cohort. METHODS: Consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 without permanent @entity955 were enrolled in a derivation sample (n  =  294) or a validation sample (n  =  155). We developed a score for predicting PAF by independent risk factors derived from a logistic regression analysis of the derivation cohort and validated the score in the external cohort. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis in the derivation cohort identified 3 variables independently associated with PAF. We calculated a score from these variables (history of @entity943 or antiarrhythmic agent use [yes, 3 points], left @entity384 [>= 40  mm, 1 point], brain natriuretic peptide [ @entity3876 , >= 50 pg/mL, 1 point; >= 90 pg/mL, 2 points; >= 150 pg/ml, 3 points], total score, 0-7). The iPAB score (identified by past history of @entity943 or antiarrhythmic agent use, @entity384 , and @entity3876 elevation) predicted PAF in the derivation (c statistic, .90) and validation (.94) cohorts at levels statistically superior to other biomarkers and clinical scores. For a total score 2 or more, the sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 71%, respectively. For a total score of 4 or more, the corresponding values were 60% and 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective study suggests that this simple risk score superior to other scores help clinicians predict PAF or identify good candidates for further evaluation to detect PAF.

title: A Score for Predicting XXXX in @entity64 @entity1 : iPAB Score.

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detection of paroxysmal @entity955 (PAF) after a @entity64 is challenging. The purpose of this study was to develop a clinical score to predict PAF in a cohort of acute @entity385 @entity1 prospectively and to validate it in an independent cohort. METHODS: Consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 without permanent @entity955 were enrolled in a derivation sample (n  =  294) or a validation sample (n  =  155). We developed a score for predicting PAF by independent risk factors derived from a logistic regression analysis of the derivation cohort and validated the score in the external cohort. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis in the derivation cohort identified 3 variables independently associated with PAF. We calculated a score from these variables (history of @entity943 or antiarrhythmic agent use [yes, 3 points], left @entity384 [>= 40  mm, 1 point], brain natriuretic peptide [ @entity3876 , >= 50 pg/mL, 1 point; >= 90 pg/mL, 2 points; >= 150 pg/ml, 3 points], total score, 0-7). The iPAB score (identified by past history of @entity943 or antiarrhythmic agent use, @entity384 , and @entity3876 elevation) predicted PAF in the derivation (c statistic, .90) and validation (.94) cohorts at levels statistically superior to other biomarkers and clinical scores. For a total score 2 or more, the sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 71%, respectively. For a total score of 4 or more, the corresponding values were 60% and 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective study suggests that this simple risk score superior to other scores help clinicians predict PAF or identify good candidates for further evaluation to detect PAF.

title: A Score for Predicting @entity955 in @entity64 XXXX : iPAB Score.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: During the clinical trials 8,861 @entity1 have been treated with @entity2177 worldwide. 3,822 of the therapeutic courses were valid for analysis of efficacy according to FDA standards. The following dosages were usually administered: UTI: 100 to 500 mg twice daily orally or 100 mg twice daily intravenously; RTI: 250 to 1000 mg twice daily orally or 200 mg twice daily intravenously; @entity295 : 200 mg intravenously twice daily; @entity2954 : 250 to 500 mg single tablet orally; all other infections: 500 to 1000 mg twice daily orally or 200 mg twice daily intravenously. @entity2177 was administered to 762 courses of lower RTI, 88 courses of upper RTI, 108 courses of @entity2259 , 766 courses of skin structure infection, 142 courses of @entity79 , 149 courses of @entity1320 , 33 courses of @entity344 , 1,633 courses of UTI, 49 courses of @entity5280 , 279 courses of STD, mainly @entity2954 , and three courses of @entity693 . The clinical response was resolution in 76%, improvement in 18% and failure in only 6%. Bacteriologic response by all sites evaluable: pathogens were eradicated from 74%, markedly reduced in 2%, persisted in 10%. Relapse occurred in 4% and reinfection was observed in another 6%. The overall response was favourable for 90% of the @entity1 . Drug safety was established on a data base of 8,861 courses worldwide. The following side-effects according to COSTART terminology were observed: digestive 5%, metabolic nutritional 4.6%, central nervous 1.6%, skin 1.4%, hemic and lymphatic 1%, cardiovascular 0.4%, body as a whole 0.4%, urogenital 0.3%, special senses 0.3%, musculo-skeletal 0.1%, respiratory 0.08%. Several courses had more than one reaction. Thus the total incidence of side-effects for the treated @entity1 population was 10.2%. @entity2177 is a highly effective drug and a breakthrough in several areas of medical interest. It is relatively safe and side-effects are usually mild or moderate in intensity and transient.

title: Worldwide clinical data on efficacy and safety of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal infections']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and joint infections']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic infections']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: Antibody reactivity against cultured allogeneic @entity320 Y-Mel 81:180 was studied in 43 @entity1 who participated in an adjuvant trial for stage I and II @entity320 . Serum samples were obtained at trial entry within 2 mo of definitive surgery. At the time of serum acquisition, all @entity1 were free of disease by physical examination and routine radiologic and laboratory parameters. Serum antibody reactivity was tested for by protein A hemadsorption before and after acid dissociation and ultrafiltration of serum. We have previously shown that this technique for immune complex dissociation augments autologous antibody reactivity. Results of serum antibody reactivity were scored by an investigator blinded to the @entity1 's clinical status. Of the 43 @entity1 studied, 15 relapsed and 28 remained disease-free. At study entry, there were 25 stage I @entity1 and 18 stage II @entity1 . @entity92 was 3.25 +/- 2.5 mm in relapse @entity1 and 1.67 +/- 1.1 mm in disease-free @entity1 . The presence and titer of antibody directed against @entity320 in either native serum or serum dissociated from immune complexes was found to be associated with eventual relapse (P = 0.0001). When results were subgrouped by stage of disease, @entity92 , and @entity4182 , antibody reactivity was still correlated with eventual relapse. The incidence and titer of antibody reactivity against @entity320 appears to be a new prognostic factor in predicting eventual disease recurrence.

title: Prognostic role of antibody reactivity to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['Breslow depth']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Incontinence is a common problem among hospitalized @entity1 and has been associated with @entity532 , including @entity322 ( @entity322 ) and @entity6227 ( @entity6227 ). A prospective, descriptive study was conducted in 2 acute care neurology units to 1) assess the prevalence of @entity322 and incidence of @entity322 and @entity6227 among incontinent @entity1 , and 2) evaluate the effect of caregiver education and use of a 1-step cleanser, moisturizer, barrier product on the development of @entity322 and @entity6227 among @entity1 with @entity322 . During a period of 1 month, the @entity322 status of admitted @entity1 was recorded and skin was assessed for the presence/absence of @entity322 and @entity6227 twice per day. After the 1-month data collection, all clinicians on the study units completed a facility-based online education program about @entity322 , @entity6227 , and skin care followed by the implementation of a 1-step cleanser/barrier product for skin care of all @entity1 with @entity322 . Data collection procedures remained the same. Data were collected using a paper/pencil instrument and entered into a spreadsheet for analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and prevalence and incidence rates were compared between the pre-intervention and post-intervention phase using Fisher's exact analysis. During the first phase of the study, 17 of 40 admitted @entity1 (42.5%) were incontinent. Of those, 5 (29.4%) developed @entity322 and all of these @entity1 developed @entity6227 (5 of 40 admitted, 29.4%) during an average length of stay of 7.3 (range: 2-14) days. In the intervention phase of the study, 25 of 46 (54.3%) @entity1 were incontinent and none developed @entity322 or a HAPU during an average length of stay of 7.4 (range: 2-14) days. The average Braden scale score was 14.14 in the pre-intervention group of @entity1 with @entity322 and 12.74 in the intervention group. The prevalence of @entity322 among @entity1 admitted to acute care neurology units and the rate of @entity322 in these populations is high. After educating clinicians and implementing @entity322 care procedures with a 1-step product, the rate of @entity6227 decreased significantly but the rate of IADs remained the same. Clinicians should consider the results of this and other studies when developing @entity322 -care protocols. Controlled clinical studies utilizing more detailed @entity322 assessments will help elucidate these observations.

title: A Prospective, Descriptive, Quality Improvement Study to Decrease Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis and Hospital-Acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['HAPUs', 'hospital-acquired pressure ulcers']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['multiple health complications']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['IAD', 'incontinence', 'incontinence-associated dermatitis']

answer: @entity6227 :: (MESH:D003668,Disease) :: ['Pressure Ulcers']


abstract: In a retrospective study, we compared the use of computer-generated spectral electroencephalographic descriptors with a neurologist's interpretation of raw EEG data. Data were collected from @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy and anesthetized with @entity5161 in @entity3810 and @entity26 . The EEG was recorded on magnetic tape during the period immediately before and after occlusion. These tapes were then analyzed off-line using a computer to generate averaged changes in 18 spectral descriptors. A strip-chart of raw EEG before and after the carotid occlusion was interpreted by a neurologist, who assigned changes in the EEG following occlusion to one of four visual inspection groups, depending on the severity of change. A descriptive examination of the distribution of changes in spectral descriptors revealed that no single descriptor adequately reflected the neurologist's interpretation of the raw EEG. Using data from 20 @entity1 , the percent change from preocclusion to postocclusion values for total power, spectral edge frequency, spectral variance, and log spectral variance was examined. Only for the visual inspection group judged by the electroencephalographer to have the most severe @entity63 change was there a significant difference in total power and log spectral variance. Although computer-processed EEG devices are of value as trending devices for detecting visual patterns associated with inadequate cerebral perfusion, single descriptors in this study did not consistently reflect a neurologist's diagnosis of @entity63 . Single descriptors of spectral EEG analysis may not be sufficient to use as alarm variables in the recognition of @entity2806 .

title: Electroencephalographic monitoring for XXXX during carotid endarterectomy: visual versus computer analysis.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity67 ( @entity67 ) after @entity548 ( @entity548 ) without symptomatic @entity1276 is controversial. The object of this study was to examine indicators or the timeframe for @entity1276 in @entity1 not immediately treated with @entity67 after @entity548 . METHODS Records from 2007 to 2014 were searched for " @entity548 " or " @entity548 ." Inclusion criteria were @entity548 after @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ), @entity130 , @entity5 , or @entity455 . Exclusion criteria were @entity548 with more than minimal @entity510 , @entity1779 , layering @entity548 only, or @entity1276 treated immediately with @entity67 . @entity548 was measured with the modified Graeb Score (mGS). An mGS of 5 indicates a full ventricle with dilation. Statistics included chi-square, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney tests; receiver operating characteristics; and uni- and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS One hundred five @entity1 met the criteria; of these, 30 (28.6%) required @entity67 . Panventricular @entity548 was the most common pattern (n = 49, 46.7%), with 25 of these @entity1 (51%) requiring @entity67 . The median mGS was 18    5.4 (range 12-29) and 9    4.5 (range 2-21) in the @entity67 and No- @entity67 groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Factors associated with @entity67 were radiological @entity1276 at presentation, midline shift > 5 mm, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score < 8, mGS > 13, third ventricle mGS = 5, and fourth ventricle mGS = 5. On multivariate analysis, GCS score < 8 [4.02 (range 1.13-14.84), p = 0.032], mGS > 13 [3.83 (range 1.02-14.89), p = 0.046], and fourth ventricle mGS = 5 [5.01 (range 1.26-22.78), p = 0.022] remained significant. Most @entity1 treated with @entity67 (n = 25, 83.3%) required it soon after presentation [6.4    3.3 (range 1.5-14) hrs]. The remaining 5 @entity1 (16.7%) had a delayed @entity67 requirement [70.7    22.7 (range 50-104.5) hrs]. CONCLUSIONS In this study population, the risk for @entity67 was variable, but greater with mGS > 13, @entity772 , and a dilated fourth ventricle. While the need for @entity67 occurs within the 1st day after @entity548 in most @entity1 , a minority require @entity67 after 48 hours.

title: Risk factors for @entity1276 requiring external ventricular drainage in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'IVH']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['External ventricular drainage', 'EVD']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic ICH', 'ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity67 ( @entity67 ) after @entity548 ( @entity548 ) without symptomatic @entity1276 is controversial. The object of this study was to examine indicators or the timeframe for @entity1276 in @entity1 not immediately treated with @entity67 after @entity548 . METHODS Records from 2007 to 2014 were searched for " @entity548 " or " @entity548 ." Inclusion criteria were @entity548 after @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ), @entity130 , @entity5 , or @entity455 . Exclusion criteria were @entity548 with more than minimal @entity510 , @entity1779 , layering @entity548 only, or @entity1276 treated immediately with @entity67 . @entity548 was measured with the modified Graeb Score (mGS). An mGS of 5 indicates a full ventricle with dilation. Statistics included chi-square, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney tests; receiver operating characteristics; and uni- and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS One hundred five @entity1 met the criteria; of these, 30 (28.6%) required @entity67 . Panventricular @entity548 was the most common pattern (n = 49, 46.7%), with 25 of these @entity1 (51%) requiring @entity67 . The median mGS was 18    5.4 (range 12-29) and 9    4.5 (range 2-21) in the @entity67 and No- @entity67 groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Factors associated with @entity67 were radiological @entity1276 at presentation, midline shift > 5 mm, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score < 8, mGS > 13, third ventricle mGS = 5, and fourth ventricle mGS = 5. On multivariate analysis, GCS score < 8 [4.02 (range 1.13-14.84), p = 0.032], mGS > 13 [3.83 (range 1.02-14.89), p = 0.046], and fourth ventricle mGS = 5 [5.01 (range 1.26-22.78), p = 0.022] remained significant. Most @entity1 treated with @entity67 (n = 25, 83.3%) required it soon after presentation [6.4    3.3 (range 1.5-14) hrs]. The remaining 5 @entity1 (16.7%) had a delayed @entity67 requirement [70.7    22.7 (range 50-104.5) hrs]. CONCLUSIONS In this study population, the risk for @entity67 was variable, but greater with mGS > 13, @entity772 , and a dilated fourth ventricle. While the need for @entity67 occurs within the 1st day after @entity548 in most @entity1 , a minority require @entity67 after 48 hours.

title: Risk factors for XXXX requiring external ventricular drainage in @entity1 with @entity548 .

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity67 ( @entity67 ) after @entity548 ( @entity548 ) without symptomatic @entity1276 is controversial. The object of this study was to examine indicators or the timeframe for @entity1276 in @entity1 not immediately treated with @entity67 after @entity548 . METHODS Records from 2007 to 2014 were searched for " @entity548 " or " @entity548 ." Inclusion criteria were @entity548 after @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ), @entity130 , @entity5 , or @entity455 . Exclusion criteria were @entity548 with more than minimal @entity510 , @entity1779 , layering @entity548 only, or @entity1276 treated immediately with @entity67 . @entity548 was measured with the modified Graeb Score (mGS). An mGS of 5 indicates a full ventricle with dilation. Statistics included chi-square, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney tests; receiver operating characteristics; and uni- and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS One hundred five @entity1 met the criteria; of these, 30 (28.6%) required @entity67 . Panventricular @entity548 was the most common pattern (n = 49, 46.7%), with 25 of these @entity1 (51%) requiring @entity67 . The median mGS was 18    5.4 (range 12-29) and 9    4.5 (range 2-21) in the @entity67 and No- @entity67 groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Factors associated with @entity67 were radiological @entity1276 at presentation, midline shift > 5 mm, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score < 8, mGS > 13, third ventricle mGS = 5, and fourth ventricle mGS = 5. On multivariate analysis, GCS score < 8 [4.02 (range 1.13-14.84), p = 0.032], mGS > 13 [3.83 (range 1.02-14.89), p = 0.046], and fourth ventricle mGS = 5 [5.01 (range 1.26-22.78), p = 0.022] remained significant. Most @entity1 treated with @entity67 (n = 25, 83.3%) required it soon after presentation [6.4    3.3 (range 1.5-14) hrs]. The remaining 5 @entity1 (16.7%) had a delayed @entity67 requirement [70.7    22.7 (range 50-104.5) hrs]. CONCLUSIONS In this study population, the risk for @entity67 was variable, but greater with mGS > 13, @entity772 , and a dilated fourth ventricle. While the need for @entity67 occurs within the 1st day after @entity548 in most @entity1 , a minority require @entity67 after 48 hours.

title: Risk factors for @entity1276 requiring external ventricular drainage in XXXX with @entity548 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Anterior @entity1188 was produced in eight @entity235 to characterize serial changes in nuclear magnetic resonance signal intensity within the @entity1188 zone. Magnetic resonance imaging was done on the day of @entity1188 , on day 4, 5 or 6, on day 13 and day 20 using a 0.15 tesla (6.25 MHz) resistive imager. Electrocardiographically triggered spin echo (30, 45 and 60 ms echo times) and inversion recovery (400 to 500 ms inversion time) pulse sequences were employed to obtain single slice images. On day 20, the excised hearts were sectioned and examined to determine @entity1188 location and extent. In the spin echo images, signal intensity within the ischemic zone was visibly increased in seven of the eight @entity235 on the day of @entity1188 , and in all @entity235 by days 4 to 6. Signal intensity remained elevated in all but two @entity235 at day 20. With inversion recovery imaging, changes in the @entity1188 zone were highly variable; both ill defined increases and decreases in signal intensity were noted. With a 30 ms echo time, signal intensity in the @entity1188 zone was increased on average 29.8 +/- 24.1% above that in normal myocardium on the day of @entity1188 . The relative signal intensity increased to 62.4 +/- 23.5% during the first 2 weeks after @entity1188 (p less than 0.05), then decreased to 12.0 +/- 18.5% by day 20 (p less than 0.05). Similar changes were detected in the images using the 45 and 60 ms echo times. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging therefore is able to detect regions of @entity583 and follow evolutionary changes in signal intensity within the @entity1188 zone with healing.

title: Serial imaging of @entity235 XXXX by in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Anterior @entity1188 was produced in eight @entity235 to characterize serial changes in nuclear magnetic resonance signal intensity within the @entity1188 zone. Magnetic resonance imaging was done on the day of @entity1188 , on day 4, 5 or 6, on day 13 and day 20 using a 0.15 tesla (6.25 MHz) resistive imager. Electrocardiographically triggered spin echo (30, 45 and 60 ms echo times) and inversion recovery (400 to 500 ms inversion time) pulse sequences were employed to obtain single slice images. On day 20, the excised hearts were sectioned and examined to determine @entity1188 location and extent. In the spin echo images, signal intensity within the ischemic zone was visibly increased in seven of the eight @entity235 on the day of @entity1188 , and in all @entity235 by days 4 to 6. Signal intensity remained elevated in all but two @entity235 at day 20. With inversion recovery imaging, changes in the @entity1188 zone were highly variable; both ill defined increases and decreases in signal intensity were noted. With a 30 ms echo time, signal intensity in the @entity1188 zone was increased on average 29.8 +/- 24.1% above that in normal myocardium on the day of @entity1188 . The relative signal intensity increased to 62.4 +/- 23.5% during the first 2 weeks after @entity1188 (p less than 0.05), then decreased to 12.0 +/- 18.5% by day 20 (p less than 0.05). Similar changes were detected in the images using the 45 and 60 ms echo times. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging therefore is able to detect regions of @entity583 and follow evolutionary changes in signal intensity within the @entity1188 zone with healing.

title: Serial imaging of XXXX @entity583 by in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lateral cervical lymph node (LCLN) @entity3 , or pathologic N1b disease, is an important risk factor in @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). However, many @entity1 have favorable prognosis even with pathologic N1b @entity1 in clinical practice. The study aims to identify high- and intermediate-risk groups based on initial pathologic characteristics in these @entity1 . @entity1 : This study included 518 classical @entity3557 @entity1 confirmed as pathologic N1b at initial surgery between 2001 and 2010. All @entity1 underwent a single fixed activity (5.6 GBq) of radioactive I-131 remnant ablation. RESULTS: @entity1 with a @entity5 larger than 4 cm, gross extrathyroidal extension, metastatic LN larger than 3 cm, or greater than 10 metastatic LCLN were classified as high-risk group. These comprehensive pathologic criteria were retrieved from cox proportional hazard models. Twenty two percent of @entity1 (n = 113) were classified as high-risk and 78% (n = 405) as intermediate-risk group. Successful ablation was identified in only 32% of the @entity1 in the high-risk group and 61% in the intermediate-risk group (p < 0.001). The difference between the two risk groups was independent to gender. There was a significant difference in disease-free survival between the high- and intermediate- risk N1b groups during 5.1 years of median follow-up (84% vs. 59%, p < 0.001). Distant @entity3 was more prevalent in the high-risk group (20%) than in the intermediate-risk group (4%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity3557 @entity1 with LCLN @entity3 varies depending on initial pathologic characteristics. We proposed the comprehensive pathologic criteria for sub-classification of N1b into high- and intermediate-risk groups and this sub-classification may permit personalized management of N1b @entity3557 @entity1 .

title: Sub-Classification of Lateral Cervical Lymph Node XXXX in @entity3557 by Pathologic Criteria.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lateral cervical lymph node (LCLN) @entity3 , or pathologic N1b disease, is an important risk factor in @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). However, many @entity1 have favorable prognosis even with pathologic N1b @entity1 in clinical practice. The study aims to identify high- and intermediate-risk groups based on initial pathologic characteristics in these @entity1 . @entity1 : This study included 518 classical @entity3557 @entity1 confirmed as pathologic N1b at initial surgery between 2001 and 2010. All @entity1 underwent a single fixed activity (5.6 GBq) of radioactive I-131 remnant ablation. RESULTS: @entity1 with a @entity5 larger than 4 cm, gross extrathyroidal extension, metastatic LN larger than 3 cm, or greater than 10 metastatic LCLN were classified as high-risk group. These comprehensive pathologic criteria were retrieved from cox proportional hazard models. Twenty two percent of @entity1 (n = 113) were classified as high-risk and 78% (n = 405) as intermediate-risk group. Successful ablation was identified in only 32% of the @entity1 in the high-risk group and 61% in the intermediate-risk group (p < 0.001). The difference between the two risk groups was independent to gender. There was a significant difference in disease-free survival between the high- and intermediate- risk N1b groups during 5.1 years of median follow-up (84% vs. 59%, p < 0.001). Distant @entity3 was more prevalent in the high-risk group (20%) than in the intermediate-risk group (4%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity3557 @entity1 with LCLN @entity3 varies depending on initial pathologic characteristics. We proposed the comprehensive pathologic criteria for sub-classification of N1b into high- and intermediate-risk groups and this sub-classification may permit personalized management of N1b @entity3557 @entity1 .

title: Sub-Classification of Lateral Cervical Lymph Node @entity3 in XXXX by Pathologic Criteria.

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma']