abstract: Mild @entity131 (mTBI) occurs from a closed-head impact. Often referred to as concussion, about 20% of cases complain of secondary psychological sequelae, such as @entity2414 . Known as @entity6413 ( @entity6413 ), these problems can severely disrupt the @entity1 's quality of life. Changes in local spectral power, particularly low-frequency amplitude increases and/or peak alpha slowing have been reported in mTBI, but large-scale connectivity metrics based on inter-regional amplitude correlations relevant for integration and segregation in functional brain networks, and their association with disorders in @entity73 and behaviour, remain relatively unexplored. Here, we used non-invasive neuroimaging with magnetoencephalography to examine functional connectivity in a resting-state protocol in a group with mTBI (n  =  20), and a control group (n  =  21). We observed a trend for atypical slow-wave power changes in subcortical, temporal and parietal regions in mTBI, as well as significant long-range increases in amplitude envelope correlations among deep-source, temporal, and frontal regions in the delta, theta, and alpha bands. Subsequently, we conducted an exploratory analysis of patterns of connectivity most associated with variability in secondary symptoms of mTBI, including inattention, @entity148 , and @entity308 . Differential patterns of altered resting state neurophysiological network connectivity were found across frequency bands. This indicated that multiple network and frequency specific alterations in large scale brain connectivity may contribute to overlapping cognitive sequelae in mTBI. In conclusion, we show that local spectral power content can be supplemented with measures of correlations in amplitude to define general networks that are atypical in mTBI, and suggest that certain cognitive difficulties are mediated by disturbances in a variety of alterations in network interactions which are differentially expressed across canonical neurophysiological frequency ranges.

title: Low-frequency connectivity is associated with mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognition']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of attention and memory']

entities_list: @entity6413 :: ('MESH:D038223', 'Disease') :: ['post-concussive symptoms', 'PCS']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disrupted cortical connectivity is thought to underlie the complex cognitive and behavior profile observed in individuals with @entity72 ( @entity72 ). Previous neuroimaging research has identified patterns of both functional hypo- and @entity2597 in individuals with @entity72 . A recent theory attempting to reconcile conflicting results in the literature proposes that @entity2597 of brain networks may be more characteristic of young @entity1 with @entity72 , while hypo-connectivity may be more prevalent in adolescents and adults with the disorder when compared to @entity245 ( @entity245 ) (Uddin etal., 2013). Previous work has examined only young @entity1 , mixed groups of @entity1 and adolescents, or adult cohorts in separate studies, leaving open the question of developmental influences on functional brain connectivity in @entity72 . METHODS: The current study tests this developmental hypothesis by examining within- and between-network resting state functional connectivity in a large sample of 26 @entity1 , 28 adolescents, and 18 adults with @entity72 and age- and IQ-matchedTD individuals for the first time using an entirely data-driven approach. Independent component analyses (ICA) and dual regression was applied to data from three age cohorts to examine the effects of @entity1 age on patterns of within-networkwhole-brain functional connectivity in individuals with @entity72 compared with @entity245 individuals. Between-network connectivity differences were examined for each age cohort by comparing correlations between ICA components across groups. RESULTS: We find that in the youngest cohort (age 11 and under), @entity1 with @entity72 exhibit @entity2597 within large-scale brain networks as well as decreased between-network connectivity compared with age-matchedTD @entity1 . In contrast, adolescents with @entity72 (age 11-18) do not differ from @entity245 adolescents in within-network connectivity, yet show decreased between-network connectivity compared with @entity245 adolescents. Adults with @entity72 show no within- or between-network differences in functional network connectivity compared with neurotypical age-matched individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Characterizing within- and between-network functional connectivity in age-stratified cohorts of individuals with @entity72 and @entity245 individuals demonstrates that functional connectivity atypicalities in the disorder are not uniform across the lifespan. These results demonstrate how explicitly characterizing @entity1 age and adopting a developmental perspective can lead to a more nuanced understanding of atypicalities of functional brain connectivity in @entity2438 .

title: Developmental changes in large-scale network connectivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-connectivity']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'typical development']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: 1. Extracellular recordings were made from 123 synaptically activated neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the @entity4486 -anaesthetized cat. 2. Ninety-one neurones were activated by electrical stimulation of cardiac or pulmonary vagal branches and thirty-two by stimulation of the aortic nerve. 3. Ionophoretic application of @entity1246 abolished or markedly reduced the evoked or spontaneous activity of each neurone tested. These inhibitory effects were antagonized by the simultaneous ionophoretic application of @entity1027 . 4. @entity2228 inhibited the evoked activity of 60% of neurones tested. This inhibition could be antagonized by the simultaneous application of @entity1026 . 5. Application of @entity1027 alone increased the evoked or spontaneous activity of a large proportion of the neurones; @entity1026 alone had no significant effect on the evoked or spontaneous activity of the neurones. 6. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity1246 acts as an inhibitory transmitter substance within the nucleus tractus solitarius.

title: A XXXX -mediated inhibition of neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the cat.

entities_list: @entity1026 :: ('MESH:D013331', 'Chemical') :: ['strychnine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycine']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['gamma-aminobutyric-acid']


abstract: Reversible @entity2806 was produced in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) by occluding both common carotid arteries. After 5 min @entity63 brains were recirculated for 8, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. An additional 6 animals were subjected to 10 min @entity63 and 24 h recirculation. Sham-operated animals served as controls. At the end of the experiments, brains were frozen in situ and cut in a cryostat. Coronal sections, 10 micron thick, were taken for histological staining. In addition, tissue samples (2-4 mg each) were taken from the cortex, lateral caudoputamen, @entity1399 -layer of the hippocampus, and thalamus. @entity4663 ( @entity11667 , @entity8037 , and the precursor @entity7224 ) were measured in these samples using reverse-phase HPLC and fluorescence detection after extraction and precolumn derivatization. Five-minute @entity2806 had no effect on the levels of @entity7224 , @entity11667 , or @entity8037 . However, following recirculation, @entity7224 increased markedly with time, being most pronounced in the @entity1399 -subfield of the hippocampus, less so in the cortex, and even less so in the thalamus. After prolonged recirculation, severe @entity528 could be observed only in regions exhibiting high @entity7224 levels. @entity11667 or @entity8037 did not change during recirculation, except in severely damaged regions: Here, @entity8037 levels were markedly reduced following prolonged recirculation. The post-ischemic increase in @entity7224 is discussed in respect to the known multiple activities of @entity7224 .

title: Regional profile of XXXX in reversible @entity2806 of Mongolian gerbils.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyamines']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal necroses']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['Spermidine', 'spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['polyamines']


abstract: Reversible @entity2806 was produced in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) by occluding both common carotid arteries. After 5 min @entity63 brains were recirculated for 8, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. An additional 6 animals were subjected to 10 min @entity63 and 24 h recirculation. Sham-operated animals served as controls. At the end of the experiments, brains were frozen in situ and cut in a cryostat. Coronal sections, 10 micron thick, were taken for histological staining. In addition, tissue samples (2-4 mg each) were taken from the cortex, lateral caudoputamen, @entity1399 -layer of the hippocampus, and thalamus. @entity4663 ( @entity11667 , @entity8037 , and the precursor @entity7224 ) were measured in these samples using reverse-phase HPLC and fluorescence detection after extraction and precolumn derivatization. Five-minute @entity2806 had no effect on the levels of @entity7224 , @entity11667 , or @entity8037 . However, following recirculation, @entity7224 increased markedly with time, being most pronounced in the @entity1399 -subfield of the hippocampus, less so in the cortex, and even less so in the thalamus. After prolonged recirculation, severe @entity528 could be observed only in regions exhibiting high @entity7224 levels. @entity11667 or @entity8037 did not change during recirculation, except in severely damaged regions: Here, @entity8037 levels were markedly reduced following prolonged recirculation. The post-ischemic increase in @entity7224 is discussed in respect to the known multiple activities of @entity7224 .

title: Regional profile of @entity4663 in reversible XXXX of Mongolian gerbils.

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some studies have suggested that childhood-onset @entity29 ( @entity29 ) is characterized by extensive intestinal involvement and rapid progression to complications. Here, we report the presentation and progression of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity29 during childhood in a population-based cohort from northern Stockholm County. METHODS: Medical records for all 280 @entity1 diagnosed in the period 1990-2007 with childhood-onset @entity29 in northern Stockholm County were followed until 2011 (median follow-up time, 8.8 yr). Disease phenotypes were classified according to the Paris pediatric @entity29 classification. RESULTS: Among the 74 @entity1 with @entity31 , 72% presented with pancolitis. Among the 200 @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ), 75% presented with @entity1960 . Complicated disease behavior was observed in 18% of @entity1 with @entity30 by end of follow-up. Extension of the disease territory was observed in 22% of @entity1 with @entity31 and 15% of @entity1 with @entity30 . The cumulative risk of intra-abdominal surgery after 10 years was 8% (95% confidence interval, 4%-20%) for @entity31 and 22% (95% confidence interval, 15%-28%) for @entity1 with @entity30 . Nonmucosal healing at 1 year was associated with a complicated disease course in @entity1 with @entity30 (hazard ratio = 14.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.79-118.68; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with childhood-onset @entity29 were characterized by extensive @entity1960 that was relatively stable over time and associated with a relatively low risk of complications and abdominal surgery. Our findings confirm the more extensive disease location in pediatric @entity29 but did not identify the proposed dynamic and aggressive nature of the childhood-onset phenotype. The association of nonmucosal healing with a complicated disease course suggests that endoscopy should guide treatment intensity in childhood-onset @entity30 .

title: Presentation and Progression of Childhood-Onset XXXX in Northern Stockholm County.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the hospital with left shoulder and arm discomfort. He had no recent history of change in his energy level, limitations to activity, exertional @entity662 , or @entity1353 . He had cardiac risk factors, including a strong family history of pre-mature @entity453 and @entity2299 . He had a @entity1163 in 2003 with a positive troponin I, but had a negative cardiac workup, including cardiac catheterization that showed luminal irregularities and no significant @entity453 . An echocardiogram was performed to rule out potential cardiac causes for shoulder @entity158 and showed regional wall motion abnormalities. Follow-up cardiac catheterization revealed left anterior descending artery proximal and mid dissection and a long area of dissection in the first diagonal branch. Laboratory evaluation showed significant platelet elevation and positive @entity4016 study. Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed moderate @entity381 . The enlarged spleen, positive @entity4016 study, and persistently elevated platelet count confirmed the diagnosis of @entity4407 . @entity4407 can predispose individuals to @entity455 and damage, which may contribute to @entity453 . With this case, we propose that @entity4407 should be excluded in the presence of coronary dissection and @entity1148 .

title: Coronary dissection in a @entity1 with essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['Essential thrombocythemia', 'essential thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopal episode']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery dissection', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1148 :: (MESH:D013922,Disease) :: ['thrombocytosis']


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the hospital with left shoulder and arm discomfort. He had no recent history of change in his energy level, limitations to activity, exertional @entity662 , or @entity1353 . He had cardiac risk factors, including a strong family history of pre-mature @entity453 and @entity2299 . He had a @entity1163 in 2003 with a positive troponin I, but had a negative cardiac workup, including cardiac catheterization that showed luminal irregularities and no significant @entity453 . An echocardiogram was performed to rule out potential cardiac causes for shoulder @entity158 and showed regional wall motion abnormalities. Follow-up cardiac catheterization revealed left anterior descending artery proximal and mid dissection and a long area of dissection in the first diagonal branch. Laboratory evaluation showed significant platelet elevation and positive @entity4016 study. Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed moderate @entity381 . The enlarged spleen, positive @entity4016 study, and persistently elevated platelet count confirmed the diagnosis of @entity4407 . @entity4407 can predispose individuals to @entity455 and damage, which may contribute to @entity453 . With this case, we propose that @entity4407 should be excluded in the presence of coronary dissection and @entity1148 .

title: Coronary dissection in a XXXX with essential @entity1148 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The totally extraperitoneal (TEP) approach for surgical repair of @entity169 has emerged as a popular technique. We conducted a prospective randomised trial to compare @entity1 comfort scores using different mesh types and fixation using this technique. Over a 14 month period, 146 @entity1 underwent 232 TEP @entity169 . We compared the comfort scores of @entity1 who underwent these procedures using different types of mesh and fixation. A non-absorbable 15  *  10  cm anatomical mesh fixed with absorbable tacks (Control group) was compared with either a non-absorbable 15  *  10  cm folding slit mesh with absorbable tacks (Group 2), a partially-absorbable 15  *  10  cm mesh with absorbable tacks (Group 3) or a non-absorbable 15  *  10  cm anatomical mesh fixed with 2  ml fibrin sealant (Group 4). Outcomes were compared at 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks using the Carolina Comfort Scale (CCS) scores. At 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks, the median global CCS scores were low for all treatment groups. Statistically significant differences were seen only for median CCS scores and subscores with the use of partially-absorbable mesh with absorbable tacks (Group 3) at weeks 2 and 4. However, these were no longer significant at week 12. In this study, the TEP @entity169 repair with minimal fixation results in low CCS scores. There were no statistical differences in CCS scores when comparing types of mesh, configuration of the mesh or fixation methods.

title: A prospective randomised trial comparing mesh types and fixation in totally extraperitoneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repairs', 'inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repairs']


abstract: PURPOSE: Persistent smoking after a @entity5 diagnosis has adverse effects. Most smoking cessation interventions focus on individual behaviors; however, family members who smoke are major barriers to success. This article describes challenges and lessons learned related to recruitment and retention to a longitudinal, dyadic-centered smoking cessation intervention study for individuals confronting a new diagnosis of @entity5 and their family members who smoke. METHODS: A prospective, one-group repeated measures, mixed-method feasibility study measured recruitment, retention, adherence, and acceptability over a 6-month period in a thoracic surgery clinic at a university @entity5 center. A multidisciplinary, multi-component decision aid-" @entity286 Free Family"-was used to intervene with the dyads. Study recruitment occurred preoperatively with a thoracic surgery team member assessing smoking status. RESULTS: During the 6-month recruitment period, 50 @entity1 who smoked were screened, and 18 eligible families were approached to participate. Sixteen @entity1 (8 dyads) enrolled. @entity1 were all male, and participating family members were all female-either spouses or long-term girlfriends. Others types of family members declined participation. CONCLUSION: Recruitment was lower than anticipated (44%), retention was high (100%), and maximizing convenience was the most important retention strategy. Oncology nurses can assess the smoking status of @entity1 and family members, facilitate understanding about the benefits of cessation, refer those willing to stop to expert resources, and help motivate those unwilling to quit. Research is needed to continue developing strategies to help @entity1 with @entity5 and their families facing surgery as an impetus for stopping smoking. Novel intervention delivery and communication need further exploration.

title: Recruiting family dyads facing XXXX surgery: Challenges and lessons learned from a smoking cessation intervention.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['thoracic cancer']


abstract: Many different types of toxins are produced by the fungus, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. Little is known, however, regarding the influence of these toxins on insects. In this study, we investigated the toxin-induced inhibitory effects of the toxin produced by A. alternata on the rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosivorum, when the toxin was applied to leaves of the rose, Rosa chinensis. The results demonstrated that the purified crude toxin was non-harmful to rose plants and rose aphids, but had an intensive inhibitory effect on the multiplication of aphids. The inhibitory index against rose aphids reached 87.99% when rose plants were sprayed with the toxin solution at a low concentration. Further results from bioassays with aphids and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses demonstrated that @entity44929 ( @entity1041 ) was one of the most important resistance-related active components in the crude toxin. The content of @entity1041 was 0.1199% in the crude toxin under the HPLC method. Similar to the crude toxin, the inhibitory index of pure @entity1041 reached 83.60% 15 d after the rose plants were sprayed with pure @entity1041 solution at the lower concentration of 0.060  g/ml, while the contents of residual @entity1041 on the surface and in the inner portion of the rose plants were only 0.04 and 0.00 ng/g fresh weight of @entity1041 -treated rose twigs, respectively, 7 d after the treatment. Our results show that @entity1041 , an active component in the A. alternata toxin, can induce the indirect plant-mediated responses in rose plants to intensively enhance the plant's resistances against rose aphids, and the results are very helpful to understand the plant-mediated interaction between fungi and insects on their shared host plants.

title: Alternaria toxin-induced resistance in rose plants against rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosivorum): effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity44929 :: ('MESH:D013720', 'Chemical') :: ['tenuazonic acid']

answer: @entity44929 :: (MESH:D013720,Chemical) :: ['tenuazonic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and glycated albumin(GA) in @entity4854 @entity1 with @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ). METHODS: One @entity1575 @entity1 were divided into @entity417 and no- @entity417 group by Hb 110 g/L. The no- @entity417 group was further divided into low albumin (serum albumin <30 g/L), and high albumin group (serum albumin 30-<40 g/L). One @entity2175 without @entity1575 were included as control group (T2DM). HbA1c, GA, fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), postprandial 2h plasma @entity413 (2hPG) were collected for statistical analysis. RESULTS: (1) The HbA1c level in @entity1575 with @entity417 tended lower than that in T2DM subjects [(6.76  2.20)% vs (7.34  1.23)%, P=0.06]; though the level of GA [(19.10  7.47)% vs (16.68  2.90)%, P<0.01] and 2hPG [(12.09  3.39) mmol/L vs (10.84  2.95) mmol/L, P<0.05] were significantly higher than that in T2DM group. (2) No- @entity417 subjects in @entity1575 group with albumin <30 g/L had obviously higher GA levels than those with albumin 30-<40 g/L and T2DM (albumin>= 40 g/L) [(18.79  2.28)% vs (16.71  2.42)% and (16.73  2.96)%, P<0.01]; though the level of HbA1c of three groups above has no significant difference. (3) The level of HbA1c between @entity1575 without @entity417 group and T2DM group had no significant difference (P>0.05); and the level of GA between @entity1575 without @entity417 group with albumin 30-<40 g/L and T2DM group had no significant difference (P>0.05). (4) The HbA1c has a positive correlation with FPG and 2hPG in @entity1575 (FPG:r=0.45, P<0.001; 2hPG:r=0.33, P=0.001) and T2DM subjects (FPG: r=0.76, P<0.001; 2hPG: r=0.81, P<0.001). GA also has a positive correlation with FPG and 2hPG in @entity1575 (FPG: r=0.48, P<0.001; 2hPG: r=0.39, P<0.001) and T2DM subjects (FPG: r=0.74, P<0.001; 2hPG: r=0.76, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: It is unfavorable to use HbA1c to evaluate the blood @entity413 level in @entity1575 @entity1 with Hb<110 g/L and to use GA in patients with serum albumin <30 g/L.

title: [The clinical application of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and glycated albumin values in cirrhosis @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['hundred type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['LCH', 'hundred LCH', 'liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and glycated albumin(GA) in @entity4854 @entity1 with @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ). METHODS: One @entity1575 @entity1 were divided into @entity417 and no- @entity417 group by Hb 110 g/L. The no- @entity417 group was further divided into low albumin (serum albumin <30 g/L), and high albumin group (serum albumin 30-<40 g/L). One @entity2175 without @entity1575 were included as control group (T2DM). HbA1c, GA, fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), postprandial 2h plasma @entity413 (2hPG) were collected for statistical analysis. RESULTS: (1) The HbA1c level in @entity1575 with @entity417 tended lower than that in T2DM subjects [(6.76  2.20)% vs (7.34  1.23)%, P=0.06]; though the level of GA [(19.10  7.47)% vs (16.68  2.90)%, P<0.01] and 2hPG [(12.09  3.39) mmol/L vs (10.84  2.95) mmol/L, P<0.05] were significantly higher than that in T2DM group. (2) No- @entity417 subjects in @entity1575 group with albumin <30 g/L had obviously higher GA levels than those with albumin 30-<40 g/L and T2DM (albumin>= 40 g/L) [(18.79  2.28)% vs (16.71  2.42)% and (16.73  2.96)%, P<0.01]; though the level of HbA1c of three groups above has no significant difference. (3) The level of HbA1c between @entity1575 without @entity417 group and T2DM group had no significant difference (P>0.05); and the level of GA between @entity1575 without @entity417 group with albumin 30-<40 g/L and T2DM group had no significant difference (P>0.05). (4) The HbA1c has a positive correlation with FPG and 2hPG in @entity1575 (FPG:r=0.45, P<0.001; 2hPG:r=0.33, P=0.001) and T2DM subjects (FPG: r=0.76, P<0.001; 2hPG: r=0.81, P<0.001). GA also has a positive correlation with FPG and 2hPG in @entity1575 (FPG: r=0.48, P<0.001; 2hPG: r=0.39, P<0.001) and T2DM subjects (FPG: r=0.74, P<0.001; 2hPG: r=0.76, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: It is unfavorable to use HbA1c to evaluate the blood @entity413 level in @entity1575 @entity1 with Hb<110 g/L and to use GA in patients with serum albumin <30 g/L.

title: [The clinical application of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and glycated albumin values in cirrhosis XXXX with @entity4854 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the presentation patterns, biologically vulnerable @entity1 groups and treatment strategies of @entity309 . METHODS: The retrospective study was conducted at the Rheumatology Clinic of Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, and comprised data of rheumatology @entity1 who presented between September 2006 and September 2012. After screening all the files, @entity309 cases were identified. Data collection was done using a questionnaire that included @entity1 demographics, co-morbidities, clinical manifestations and drug therapy. SPSS 13 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 2300 files screened, 500(21.7%) related to @entity1 of @entity309 . The mean age at presentation of these 500 @entity1 was 41  15 years. There were 367(73.4%) @entity1 and they presented at an earlier age compared to @entity1 (p<0.024). Erosions were present in 198(40%) @entity1 on X-rays and 22(4.4%) had @entity85 . @entity309 was associated with higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels (p<0.014), but did not differ from seronegative @entity309 in terms of Disease Activity Score-28 levels (p<0.21). CONCLUSIONS: The skewed gender distribution was likely an effect of @entity309 biology rather than due to issues of healthcare accessibility. Seronegative RA is likely to present late though it is as destructive as the seropositive disease.

title: XXXX clinical features and management strategies at an urban tertiary facility in Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['joint deformities']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity14 is the third most common @entity5 in the world, a small fraction of which is represented by locally advanced @entity5 (LARC). If not medically contraindicated, preoperative chemoradiotherapy, represent the standard of care for LARC @entity1 . Unfortunately, @entity1 shows a wide range of response rates in which approximately 20% has a complete pathological response, whereas in 20 to 40% the response is poor or absent. RESULTS: The following specific gene signature, able to discriminate responders' @entity1 from non-responders, were founded: @entity15339 , @entity372 , @entity371 , @entity9218 , @entity373 , @entity10885 and @entity18621 . These genes are mainly involved in immune system pathways and interact with drugs traditionally used in the adjuvant treatment of @entity5 . DISCUSSION: The present study suggests that new ideas for therapy could be found not only limited to studying genes differentially expressed between the two groups of @entity1 but deepening the mechanisms, associated to response, in which they are involved. METHODS: Gene expression studies performed by: Agostini et al., Rimkus et al. and Kim et al. have been merged through a meta-analysis of the raw data. Gene expression data-sets have been processed using A-MADMAN. Common differentially expressed gene (DEG) were identified through SAM analysis. To further characterize the identified DEG we deeply investigated its biological role using an integrative computational biology approach.

title: An integrative approach for the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The incarceration of @entity2914 is very rare. We present a case of a four-year-old @entity1 who developed the incarceration of left-sided @entity2914 , who, until then, was completely asymptomatic. This incarceration of the @entity547 represented a surgical emergency presenting as obstructive ileus and a severe @entity649 which developed from what appeared to be full health. During a brief pre-operative examination a number of differential diagnoses were suggested. Along with the laboratory blood analysis (complete blood count and acid-base balance) a plain @entity1514 and abdominal radiography was done (babygram). After that, through an inserted nasal-gastric tube, barium meal of the upper gastrointestinal tract was done, showing abdominal organs in the left half of the thorax and a significant shift of the mediastinum to the right. With an urgent upper medial laparotomy we accessed the abdominal cavity and made the correct diagnosis. An opening was shown in the rear part of the left hemi-diaphragm with thickened and @entity4 edges, approx. 6 cm in diameter with incarcerated content. The incarcerated abdominal organs (stomach, transversal colon, small intestine and spleen) gradually moved into the abdominal cavity. The opening was closed with nonresorptive sutures (TiCron) size 2-0 with aprevious control and ventilated expansion of the well-developed left lung. In postoperative course the acid-base balance quickly recovered, as well as the general state of the @entity1 and radiography showed a good expansion and lucency of the lung parenchyma and a return of the mediastinum into the middle part of the thorax.

title: Incarcerated XXXX --differential diagnoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: 538 @entity375 strains were isolated from dark chestnut soil collected from under the plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). The greatest number of microorganisms is found at soil depth 10-20cm. Among the 538 strains of @entity375 77 (14.3%) strains demonstrated the ability to synthesize @entity6207 . 15 strains were attributed to high @entity6207 -producing @entity375 (above 10 g/ml). The most active strains were YA05 with 51.7  2.1 g/ml of @entity6207 and YR07 with 45.3  1.5 g/ml. In the study of effect of incubation time on @entity6207 production the maximum accumulation of @entity6207 coincided with maximum rates of biomass: at 120h for YR07 and at 144h for strain YA05. @entity6207 production increased when medium was supplemented with the @entity9484 . 400 g/ml of @entity9484 showed maximum @entity6207 production. 10 strains demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth and development of phytopathogenic fungi. YA05 and YR07 strains formed the largest zones of inhibition compared to the other strains - from 21.6  0.3 to 30.6  0.5mm. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed for YA05 against Phytophtora infestans and YR07 strains against @entity12069 . YA05 and YR07 strains were identified as Aureobasidium pullulans YA05 (GenBank accession No JF160955) and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa YR07 (GenBank accession No JF160956).

title: Plant growth-promoting and antifungal activity of XXXX from dark chestnut soil.

entities_list: @entity12069 :: ('5518', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium graminearum']

entities_list: @entity9484 :: ('CHEBI:16828', 'Chemical') :: ['l-tryptophan']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeasts']


abstract: The activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, enolase and @entity2388 kinase were studied in @entity0 tissues, in comparison to @entity1558 and normal breast tissues. The enzyme activities in @entity0 were significantly increased compared to normal and benign breast tissues (p less than 0.001). Also the increase in activity in benign disease compared to normal was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Within the group of benign diseases, @entity1557 could be distinguished from @entity3923 , the former generally showing higher activities compared to the latter (p less than or equal to 0.05). @entity189 subgroups, classified according to their histology, could not be recognized enzymologically. In addition, isozyme composition of @entity2388 kinase and enolase was studied. We did not find a significant shift towards K type @entity2388 kinase expression in benign disease compared to normal breast tissues. Also @entity1557 did not differ from @entity3923 . However, the amount of K type @entity2388 kinase in @entity189 proved to be significantly higher in comparison to benign disease and normal breast tissues (p less than 0.001). Expression of alpha gamma-enolase in normal breast tissue was virtually absent. In benign disease only a minority of specimens did show the hybrid alpha gamma-enolase. Nearly all @entity189 had alpha gamma-enolase expression and in 20% of the @entity189 gamma gamma-enolase could be detected (so-called neuron-specific enolase). By discriminant analysis, the function giving the best discrimination compared to the histological data was based on natural logarithm aldolase and the total of gamma-enolase subunits. Contrary to expectation, the regulator enzymes of glycolysis; i.e., hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and @entity2388 kinase were not included in this discriminant function. The best fit produced a 90% correct classification in both benign and @entity5 . If these findings are confirmed to a larger series, the discrimination is sufficiently strong to form the basis of a clinically useful tool.

title: Glycolytic enzymes in XXXX , @entity1558 and normal breast tissue.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3923 :: ('MESH:D005348', 'Disease') :: ['fibrocystic disease']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomas']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast disease']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, enolase and @entity2388 kinase were studied in @entity0 tissues, in comparison to @entity1558 and normal breast tissues. The enzyme activities in @entity0 were significantly increased compared to normal and benign breast tissues (p less than 0.001). Also the increase in activity in benign disease compared to normal was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Within the group of benign diseases, @entity1557 could be distinguished from @entity3923 , the former generally showing higher activities compared to the latter (p less than or equal to 0.05). @entity189 subgroups, classified according to their histology, could not be recognized enzymologically. In addition, isozyme composition of @entity2388 kinase and enolase was studied. We did not find a significant shift towards K type @entity2388 kinase expression in benign disease compared to normal breast tissues. Also @entity1557 did not differ from @entity3923 . However, the amount of K type @entity2388 kinase in @entity189 proved to be significantly higher in comparison to benign disease and normal breast tissues (p less than 0.001). Expression of alpha gamma-enolase in normal breast tissue was virtually absent. In benign disease only a minority of specimens did show the hybrid alpha gamma-enolase. Nearly all @entity189 had alpha gamma-enolase expression and in 20% of the @entity189 gamma gamma-enolase could be detected (so-called neuron-specific enolase). By discriminant analysis, the function giving the best discrimination compared to the histological data was based on natural logarithm aldolase and the total of gamma-enolase subunits. Contrary to expectation, the regulator enzymes of glycolysis; i.e., hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and @entity2388 kinase were not included in this discriminant function. The best fit produced a 90% correct classification in both benign and @entity5 . If these findings are confirmed to a larger series, the discrimination is sufficiently strong to form the basis of a clinically useful tool.

title: Glycolytic enzymes in @entity0 , XXXX and normal breast tissue.

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['benign breast disease']


abstract: Objective To understand the perception for the use of @entity231 surgical services in a population of acceptors and non-acceptors of @entity231 surgery in urban Beijing.Methods From a community-based screening program a total of 158 @entity1 with presenting visual acuity of less than 6/18 on either eye due to age-related @entity231 were informed about the possibility of surgical treatment. These @entity1 were interviewed and re-examined 36 to 46 months after initial screening. The main reasons for not accepting surgery were obtained using a questionnaire. Vision function and vision-related quality of life scores were assessed in those who received and did not receive surgery. Results At the follow-up examination 116 of the 158 @entity1 were available and 36 (31.0%) had undergone @entity231 surgery. Cases who chose surgery had higher education level than those who did not seek surgery (OR=2.64, 95% CI: 1.08-6.63, P=0.02). There were no significant differences in vision function (P=0.11) or quality of life scores (P=0.16) between the surgery group and the non-surgery group. Main reasons for not having surgery included no perceived need (50.0%), feeling of being "too old" (19.2%), and worry about the quality of surgery (9.6%). Cost was cited by 1 (1.9%) subject as the main reason for not seeking surgery. Conclusions The data suggest that in China's capital urban center for @entity1 with moderate @entity227 there is a relative low acceptance rate of @entity231 surgery, mainly due to @entity1 's perception of marginal benefits of surgery. Cost is not a determining factor as barrier to undergo surgery and @entity1 with poorer education are less likely to undertake surgery.

title: Use of @entity231 Surgery in Urban Beijing: a Post Screening Follow-up of the Elderly with XXXX due to Age-related @entity231 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Visual Impairment']


abstract: Objective To understand the perception for the use of @entity231 surgical services in a population of acceptors and non-acceptors of @entity231 surgery in urban Beijing.Methods From a community-based screening program a total of 158 @entity1 with presenting visual acuity of less than 6/18 on either eye due to age-related @entity231 were informed about the possibility of surgical treatment. These @entity1 were interviewed and re-examined 36 to 46 months after initial screening. The main reasons for not accepting surgery were obtained using a questionnaire. Vision function and vision-related quality of life scores were assessed in those who received and did not receive surgery. Results At the follow-up examination 116 of the 158 @entity1 were available and 36 (31.0%) had undergone @entity231 surgery. Cases who chose surgery had higher education level than those who did not seek surgery (OR=2.64, 95% CI: 1.08-6.63, P=0.02). There were no significant differences in vision function (P=0.11) or quality of life scores (P=0.16) between the surgery group and the non-surgery group. Main reasons for not having surgery included no perceived need (50.0%), feeling of being "too old" (19.2%), and worry about the quality of surgery (9.6%). Cost was cited by 1 (1.9%) subject as the main reason for not seeking surgery. Conclusions The data suggest that in China's capital urban center for @entity1 with moderate @entity227 there is a relative low acceptance rate of @entity231 surgery, mainly due to @entity1 's perception of marginal benefits of surgery. Cost is not a determining factor as barrier to undergo surgery and @entity1 with poorer education are less likely to undertake surgery.

title: Use of XXXX Surgery in Urban Beijing: a Post Screening Follow-up of the Elderly with @entity227 due to Age-related @entity231 .

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: Objective To understand the perception for the use of @entity231 surgical services in a population of acceptors and non-acceptors of @entity231 surgery in urban Beijing.Methods From a community-based screening program a total of 158 @entity1 with presenting visual acuity of less than 6/18 on either eye due to age-related @entity231 were informed about the possibility of surgical treatment. These @entity1 were interviewed and re-examined 36 to 46 months after initial screening. The main reasons for not accepting surgery were obtained using a questionnaire. Vision function and vision-related quality of life scores were assessed in those who received and did not receive surgery. Results At the follow-up examination 116 of the 158 @entity1 were available and 36 (31.0%) had undergone @entity231 surgery. Cases who chose surgery had higher education level than those who did not seek surgery (OR=2.64, 95% CI: 1.08-6.63, P=0.02). There were no significant differences in vision function (P=0.11) or quality of life scores (P=0.16) between the surgery group and the non-surgery group. Main reasons for not having surgery included no perceived need (50.0%), feeling of being "too old" (19.2%), and worry about the quality of surgery (9.6%). Cost was cited by 1 (1.9%) subject as the main reason for not seeking surgery. Conclusions The data suggest that in China's capital urban center for @entity1 with moderate @entity227 there is a relative low acceptance rate of @entity231 surgery, mainly due to @entity1 's perception of marginal benefits of surgery. Cost is not a determining factor as barrier to undergo surgery and @entity1 with poorer education are less likely to undertake surgery.

title: Use of @entity231 Surgery in Urban Beijing: a Post Screening Follow-up of the Elderly with @entity227 due to Age-related XXXX .

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment of newly diagnosed @entity302 with a single antiepileptic drug (AED) is the favored approach for @entity410 management. This observational study aimed to assess, under daily practice conditions, remission and retention rates with the first AED prescribed as monotherapy in @entity1 newly or recently diagnosed with @entity1625 . METHODS: The @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) study was conducted on 234 Lebanese @entity1 with newly or recently diagnosed @entity1625 , requiring treatment with an AED. Demographics, baseline focal @entity410 characteristics and results of the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale at the 12-month visit were reported. The primary objective of this study was to assess the percentage of @entity1 who achieved a 6-month @entity410 at the 12-month visit following treatment with a first AED administered as monotherapy. Secondary outcome variables included the calculation of the 6-month @entity410 according to the baseline @entity410 types and @entity1 retention at the 12 and 18 month visits. In addition, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors of 6-month @entity410 at the 12-month visit. RESULTS: The mean age of the 234 eligible @entity1 was 31.6 years and the majority were males (62%). At baseline, the most common type of focal @entity410 was focal @entity410 with @entity1662 (45%), and the most frequent topographical localization was in the temporal lobe (47%). In total, 77.6% of the @entity1 achieved a 6-month @entity410 at the 12-month visit. @entity1 with an @entity75 on neuroimaging were significantly less likely to achieve a 6-month remission compared to those with no identifiable pathological substrate. @entity1 with focal @entity410 without @entity1662 at baseline had significantly lower odds of achieving a 6-month @entity410 compared to @entity1 with a combination of @entity410 types. There was no significant association between age or gender and 6-month @entity410 . The retention rates were 95.7% and 88.5% at months 12 and 18 respectively with the great majority of @entity1 (90.7%) reporting marked improvement on the CGI scale. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity302 achieved a 6-month @entity410 following treatment with a first AED administered as monotherapy. @entity1 with an @entity75 on neuroimaging and those with focal @entity410 without @entity1662 at baseline were significantly less likely to achieve a 6-month @entity410 . This study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting long-term multicenter studies in Lebanon and will hopefully serve as an impetus to conduct randomized studies in the field of @entity302 .

title: Treatment registry in XXXX ( @entity1625 ): Multicenter observational study in Lebanon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'motor seizures', 'terminal seizure remission', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['treatment registry in focal epilepsy', 'TRIP', 'focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic lesion']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of consciousness']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['focal epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment of newly diagnosed @entity302 with a single antiepileptic drug (AED) is the favored approach for @entity410 management. This observational study aimed to assess, under daily practice conditions, remission and retention rates with the first AED prescribed as monotherapy in @entity1 newly or recently diagnosed with @entity1625 . METHODS: The @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) study was conducted on 234 Lebanese @entity1 with newly or recently diagnosed @entity1625 , requiring treatment with an AED. Demographics, baseline focal @entity410 characteristics and results of the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale at the 12-month visit were reported. The primary objective of this study was to assess the percentage of @entity1 who achieved a 6-month @entity410 at the 12-month visit following treatment with a first AED administered as monotherapy. Secondary outcome variables included the calculation of the 6-month @entity410 according to the baseline @entity410 types and @entity1 retention at the 12 and 18 month visits. In addition, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors of 6-month @entity410 at the 12-month visit. RESULTS: The mean age of the 234 eligible @entity1 was 31.6 years and the majority were males (62%). At baseline, the most common type of focal @entity410 was focal @entity410 with @entity1662 (45%), and the most frequent topographical localization was in the temporal lobe (47%). In total, 77.6% of the @entity1 achieved a 6-month @entity410 at the 12-month visit. @entity1 with an @entity75 on neuroimaging were significantly less likely to achieve a 6-month remission compared to those with no identifiable pathological substrate. @entity1 with focal @entity410 without @entity1662 at baseline had significantly lower odds of achieving a 6-month @entity410 compared to @entity1 with a combination of @entity410 types. There was no significant association between age or gender and 6-month @entity410 . The retention rates were 95.7% and 88.5% at months 12 and 18 respectively with the great majority of @entity1 (90.7%) reporting marked improvement on the CGI scale. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity302 achieved a 6-month @entity410 following treatment with a first AED administered as monotherapy. @entity1 with an @entity75 on neuroimaging and those with focal @entity410 without @entity1662 at baseline were significantly less likely to achieve a 6-month @entity410 . This study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting long-term multicenter studies in Lebanon and will hopefully serve as an impetus to conduct randomized studies in the field of @entity302 .

title: Treatment registry in @entity1625 ( XXXX ): Multicenter observational study in Lebanon.

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['TRIP']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare structural outcomes, visual function, refraction, and frequency of follow-up for @entity1 with type 1 @entity989 of @entity3465 in zone I or zone II posterior treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) versus laser. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 treated with IVB or laser photocoagulation at our institution from January 2009 to May 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Only @entity1 with a minimum of 6 months' follow-up were included. Outcome measures were structural outcome, visual acuity, and spherical equivalent (SE) at corrected age of 1 year. The frequency of follow-up visits during 9 months after treatment was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 23 eyes of 13 @entity1 were treated with IVB and 22 eyes of 12 @entity1 were treated with laser. There was no statistically significant difference in gestational age or birth weight between groups. None developed unfavorable structural outcome. Mean visual acuity was 0.99    0.38 logMAR for the IVB group and 0.71    0.36 logMAR for the laser group (P = 0.34; 95% CI, -0.52 to 0.19). Mean spherical equivalent was -3.57    6.19 D for the IVB group and -6.39    4.41 D for the laser group (P = 0.33; 95% CI, -7.19 to 2.49). In the IVB group, @entity1 had an average of 16.00    6.00 follow-up visits; in the laser group, 6.00    3.00 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments resulted in good structural outcome, and no difference in visual acuity or  refraction. However, more frequent follow-up was observed in the IVB group.

title: Treatment of type 1 XXXX of @entity3465 with  bevacizumab versus laser.

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare structural outcomes, visual function, refraction, and frequency of follow-up for @entity1 with type 1 @entity989 of @entity3465 in zone I or zone II posterior treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) versus laser. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 treated with IVB or laser photocoagulation at our institution from January 2009 to May 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Only @entity1 with a minimum of 6 months' follow-up were included. Outcome measures were structural outcome, visual acuity, and spherical equivalent (SE) at corrected age of 1 year. The frequency of follow-up visits during 9 months after treatment was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 23 eyes of 13 @entity1 were treated with IVB and 22 eyes of 12 @entity1 were treated with laser. There was no statistically significant difference in gestational age or birth weight between groups. None developed unfavorable structural outcome. Mean visual acuity was 0.99    0.38 logMAR for the IVB group and 0.71    0.36 logMAR for the laser group (P = 0.34; 95% CI, -0.52 to 0.19). Mean spherical equivalent was -3.57    6.19 D for the IVB group and -6.39    4.41 D for the laser group (P = 0.33; 95% CI, -7.19 to 2.49). In the IVB group, @entity1 had an average of 16.00    6.00 follow-up visits; in the laser group, 6.00    3.00 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments resulted in good structural outcome, and no difference in visual acuity or  refraction. However, more frequent follow-up was observed in the IVB group.

title: Treatment of type 1 @entity989 of XXXX with  bevacizumab versus laser.

answer: @entity3465 :: (MESH:C536271,Disease) :: ['prematurity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) has been validated in @entity1 with acute @entity649 . However, the effect of @entity2489 in @entity1 undergoing major surgery is controversial. The study aimed to explore the beneficial effect of @entity2489 on @entity1 undergoing a major operation by systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: Various levels of medical centres. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing general anaesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: @entity2489 with low tidal volume. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Study end points included @entity647 ( @entity647 ), @entity55 , @entity891 , mortality, length of stay (LOS) in intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital. METHODS: Databases including PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO and EMBASE were searched from inception to May 2015. Search strategies consisted of terms related to @entity2489 and anaesthesia. We reported OR for binary outcomes including @entity647 , mortality, @entity55 , @entity891 and other adverse outcomes. Weighted mean difference was reported for continuous outcomes such as LOS in the ICU and hospital, pH value, partial pressure of @entity544 , oxygenation and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV). MAIN RESULTS: A total of 22 citations were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. @entity2489 had protective effect against the development of @entity647 as compared with the control group, with an OR of 0.41 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.87). @entity2489 tended to be beneficial with regard to the development of @entity55 (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.28) and @entity891 (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.01), but statistical significance was not reached. Other adverse outcomes such as new onset @entity943 were significantly reduced with the use of @entity2489 (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that @entity2489 can reduce the risk of @entity647 in @entity1 undergoing major surgery. However, there is insufficient evidence that such a beneficial effect can be translated to more clinically relevant outcomes such as mortality or duration of MV. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The study was registered in PROSPERO (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/) under registration number CRD42013006416.

title: Lung protective ventilation in XXXX undergoing major surgery: a systematic review incorporating a Bayesian approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['PV', 'Protective ventilation']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This review highlights the evidence-based data to support current best management practices for @entity1 with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) @entity213 ( @entity213 ). Current limitations and areas of emerging therapeutics are also emphasized. The cornerstone of palliation for @entity1 with R/M @entity213 is a @entity902 -based backbone. @entity902 doublets induce higher response rates than single agents but do not demonstrate a survival advantage and are associated with increased @entity137 . The only regimen to demonstrate survival superiority is @entity902 , @entity1487 , and cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the @entity470 ( @entity470 ). @entity470 inhibitors, including monoclonal antibodies and @entity4149 kinase inhibitors, have achieved only modest success in R/M @entity213 , illustrating the importance of identifying predictive biomarkers and finding ways to overcome mechanisms of resistance. Although @entity7425 3-kinase pathway alterations are present at a high rate in @entity213 , the identification of efficacious agents in @entity1 with activating alterations has yet to be discovered. Immunotherapy represents an attractive treatment strategy for R/M @entity213 , with promising preliminary data from studies involving immune checkpoint blockade and toll-like receptor agonists. @entity1082 has a prognostic role in R/M disease; therefore, stratification of @entity1 by @entity1082 status in clinical trials is indicated. Although under-represented in clinical trials, elderly @entity1 experience similar survival outcomes compared with younger @entity1 , albeit with increased @entity137 . Despite therapeutic advances, prognosis nonetheless remains poor for @entity1 with R/M @entity213 . Enrollment of @entity1 onto clinical trials to investigate novel therapeutics and identify predictive biomarkers is necessary to further refine and improve outcomes.

title: Current Treatment Options for Recurrent or Metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7425 :: ('CHEBI:18179', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositide']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus', 'Human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Due to contradictory results of previous studies evaluating the association between @entity385 ( @entity385 ) and thrombophilic polymorphisms, their routine screening in @entity385 @entity1 , particularly those older than 60 years, is not recommended. We evaluated the differences in the distribution of @entity41263 and @entity41264 polymorphisms according to @entity385 subtypes and their interaction with smoking. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 423 hospital-based consecutive survivors of their first-ever @entity385 and 614 population-based controls. Survivors (18-81 years) with @entity385 documented by brain imagining were examined at a median of 16 months after the index event. The @entity64 subtype was categorized using the Causative Classification of @entity64 System. Controls (50-75 years) were free of a history of @entity64 /TIA, @entity301 . RESULTS: Age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of individuals carrying at least one copy of the rs1799963A minor allele was 5.3% among @entity64 survivors (by subtypes: 3.1% in large artery @entity731 , 2.0% in @entity887 , 2.4% in small @entity432 , and 10.3% in undetermined @entity64 ) vs. 2.4% among controls. In multinomial multivariate adjusted analysis, @entity41264 was exclusively associated with undetermined @entity64 (OR: 3.67; 95% CI: 1.52-8.85; p  =  0.004). There was strong evidence of @entity41264  *  smoking synergistic interaction (OR: 5.14; 95% CI: 1.65-16.01; p  =  0.005). There was no association of @entity41263 with @entity385 in general, or with any subtype. CONCLUSIONS: In our consecutive @entity385 survivors, carriage of the rs1799963A allele is associated with undetermined @entity64 . This effect appears to be confined to smokers.

title: Tobacco smoking strongly modifies the association of prothrombin G20210A with undetermined XXXX : Consecutive survivors and population-based controls.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease, and venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-aortic embolism']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'IS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To determine whether there are differences in the anatomical cleft measurements between @entity1 with isolated @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) with or without Pierre Robin sequence (PR) and those with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ). DESIGN:     Prospective case series. SETTING:     Tertiary care university-based medical center. @entity1 :     From 1993 to 2012, @entity2419 and @entity3384 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled in a database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:     Several anatomical cleft parameters were recorded with precise measurements at the time of palatoplasty under general anesthesia. RESULTS:     One hundred twenty-five @entity1 were included in our study: 50 @entity1 in the @entity2419 without PR group, 87 @entity1 in the @entity2419 with or without PR (CPPR) group, and 38 @entity1 in the @entity3384 group. @entity1 in the @entity3384 group had increased values for the following parameters compared to @entity1 with @entity2419 and @entity1 with CPPR: nasopharyngeal depth (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively); cleft width at posterior hard palate border (P < .001 and P < .001); width of the dental arch (P < .001 and P < .001); and total cleft length (P < 01 and P < .001). For cleft width at the soft palate level, there was a significant difference between the @entity2419 and @entity3384 groups (P = .005). We found no statistically significant differences between the groups ( @entity2419 and CPPR, respectively) for the length of the soft palate (P = .74, P = .21) or for the length of the hard palate (P = .19, P = .08). CONCLUSION:     There are significant differences in cleft and palate measurements between @entity3384 and @entity2419 @entity1 that may be useful to predict the occurrence of @entity1739 or other complications.

title: Detailed Cleft Measurements: A Comparison Between Isolated XXXX and @entity2419 Associated With @entity3384 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['velopharyngeal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'CLP versus CP', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['CLP', 'cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Cleft Palates']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To determine whether there are differences in the anatomical cleft measurements between @entity1 with isolated @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) with or without Pierre Robin sequence (PR) and those with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ). DESIGN:     Prospective case series. SETTING:     Tertiary care university-based medical center. @entity1 :     From 1993 to 2012, @entity2419 and @entity3384 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled in a database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:     Several anatomical cleft parameters were recorded with precise measurements at the time of palatoplasty under general anesthesia. RESULTS:     One hundred twenty-five @entity1 were included in our study: 50 @entity1 in the @entity2419 without PR group, 87 @entity1 in the @entity2419 with or without PR (CPPR) group, and 38 @entity1 in the @entity3384 group. @entity1 in the @entity3384 group had increased values for the following parameters compared to @entity1 with @entity2419 and @entity1 with CPPR: nasopharyngeal depth (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively); cleft width at posterior hard palate border (P < .001 and P < .001); width of the dental arch (P < .001 and P < .001); and total cleft length (P < 01 and P < .001). For cleft width at the soft palate level, there was a significant difference between the @entity2419 and @entity3384 groups (P = .005). We found no statistically significant differences between the groups ( @entity2419 and CPPR, respectively) for the length of the soft palate (P = .74, P = .21) or for the length of the hard palate (P = .19, P = .08). CONCLUSION:     There are significant differences in cleft and palate measurements between @entity3384 and @entity2419 @entity1 that may be useful to predict the occurrence of @entity1739 or other complications.

title: Detailed Cleft Measurements: A Comparison Between Isolated @entity2419 and XXXX Associated With @entity3384 .

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Cleft Palates']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To determine whether there are differences in the anatomical cleft measurements between @entity1 with isolated @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) with or without Pierre Robin sequence (PR) and those with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ). DESIGN:     Prospective case series. SETTING:     Tertiary care university-based medical center. @entity1 :     From 1993 to 2012, @entity2419 and @entity3384 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled in a database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:     Several anatomical cleft parameters were recorded with precise measurements at the time of palatoplasty under general anesthesia. RESULTS:     One hundred twenty-five @entity1 were included in our study: 50 @entity1 in the @entity2419 without PR group, 87 @entity1 in the @entity2419 with or without PR (CPPR) group, and 38 @entity1 in the @entity3384 group. @entity1 in the @entity3384 group had increased values for the following parameters compared to @entity1 with @entity2419 and @entity1 with CPPR: nasopharyngeal depth (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively); cleft width at posterior hard palate border (P < .001 and P < .001); width of the dental arch (P < .001 and P < .001); and total cleft length (P < 01 and P < .001). For cleft width at the soft palate level, there was a significant difference between the @entity2419 and @entity3384 groups (P = .005). We found no statistically significant differences between the groups ( @entity2419 and CPPR, respectively) for the length of the soft palate (P = .74, P = .21) or for the length of the hard palate (P = .19, P = .08). CONCLUSION:     There are significant differences in cleft and palate measurements between @entity3384 and @entity2419 @entity1 that may be useful to predict the occurrence of @entity1739 or other complications.

title: Detailed Cleft Measurements: A Comparison Between Isolated @entity2419 and @entity2419 Associated With XXXX .

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['Cleft Lips']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The impact of transient @entity505 depletion on reproductive growth in @entity958 was investigated by transferring long-photoperiod-grown plants to continuous darkness and returning them to a light-dark cycle. After two days of darkness, @entity505 reserves were depleted in reproductive sinks and RNA in situ hybridization of marker transcripts showed that @entity505 starvation responses had been initiated in the meristem, anthers and ovules. Dark treatments of two or more days resulted in a bare-segment phenotype on the floral stem, with 23-27 aborted siliques. These resulted from impaired growth of immature siliques, and abortion of mature and immature flowers. Depolarization of @entity30403 protein and increased DII-VENUS expression pointed to rapid collapse of auxin gradients in the meristem and inhibition of primordia initiation. After transfer back to a light-dark cycle, flowers appeared and formed viable siliques and seeds. A similar phenotype was seen after transfer to sub-compensation point irradiance or @entity3158 . It also appeared in a milder form after a moderate decrease in irradiance, and developed spontaneously in short photoperiods. We conclude that @entity958 inhibits primordia initiation and aborts flowers and very young siliques in C-limited conditions. This curtails demand, safeguarding meristem function and allowing renewal of reproductive growth when @entity505 becomes available again. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Reproductive failure in XXXX under transient carbohydrate limitation: flowers and very young siliques are jettisoned and the meristem is maintained to allow successful resumption of reproductive growth.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) have a significantly higher vertebral and non-vertebral fracture risk than the general population. Several preclinical models have documented altered skeletal properties in long bones, but few data exist for vertebral bone. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of progressive CKD on vertebral bone structure and mechanics and to determine the effects of treatment with either @entity171 or anti-sclerostin antibody in groups of animals with high or low @entity461 . METHODS: Animals with progressive @entity8 were left untreated, treated with @entity460 to lower @entity461 , @entity4381 to lower remodeling without affecting @entity461 , anti-sclerostin antibody, or anti-sclerostin antibody plus @entity460 . Non-diseased, untreated littermates served as controls. Vertebral bone morphology (trabecular and cortical) and mechanical properties (structural and material-level) were assessed at 35weeks of age by microCT and mechanical testing, respectively. RESULTS: CKD with high @entity461 resulted in 6-fold higher bone formation rate, significant reductions in the amount of trabecular and cortical bone, and compromised whole bone mechanical properties in the vertebra compared to normal animals. Treatments that reduced bone remodeling were effective in normalizing vertebral structure and mechanical properties only if the treatment reduced serum @entity461 . Similarly, treatment with anti-sclerostin antibody was effective in enhancing bone mass and mechanical properties but only if combined with @entity461 -suppressive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: CKD significantly altered both cortical and trabecular bone properties in the vertebra resulting in compromised mechanical properties and these changes can be normalized by interventions that involve reductions in @entity461 levels.

title: Compromised vertebral structural and mechanical properties associated with progressive XXXX and the effects of traditional pharmacological interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD-MBD', 'chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity305 ( @entity305 ) is a rare disease diagnosed in Brazil and worldwide. The frequency of @entity65 in Brazilian @entity305 @entity1 is unknown. OBJECTIVE: Detect the frequency of @entity65 and correlate the cardiovascular findings with the modified @entity717 ( @entity717 ) score. METHODS: In a national reference center, 51 @entity1 were evaluated with clinical examination, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO), and 24-hour Holter. @entity1 were classified according to the modified @entity717 score and divided into groups: @entity717 0, @entity717 I, @entity717 II, and @entity717 > II (which included @entity717 IIIa, IIIb, and IV). We chose the classification tree as the statistical method to analyze the association between findings in cardiac tests with the neurological classification ( @entity717 ). RESULTS: ECG abnormalities were present in almost 2/3 of the @entity305 @entity1 , whereas @entity854 occurred in around 1/3 of them. All @entity1 with abnormal ECHO also had abnormal ECG, but the opposite did not apply. The classification tree identified ECG and ECHO as relevant variables (p < 0.001 and p = 0.08, respectively). The probability of a @entity1 to be allocated to the @entity717 0 group when having a normal ECG was over 80%. When both ECG and ECHO were abnormal, this probability was null. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian @entity1 with @entity305 have frequent ECG abnormalities. ECG is an appropriate test to discriminate asymptomatic carriers of the mutation from those who develop the disease, whereas ECHO contributes to this discrimination.

title: Frequency of Cardiovascular Involvement in XXXX in Brazilian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['FAP', 'Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['ECHO abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['PND', 'polyneuropathy disability']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular involvement']

answer: @entity305 :: (MESH:D011115,Disease) :: ['Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity305 ( @entity305 ) is a rare disease diagnosed in Brazil and worldwide. The frequency of @entity65 in Brazilian @entity305 @entity1 is unknown. OBJECTIVE: Detect the frequency of @entity65 and correlate the cardiovascular findings with the modified @entity717 ( @entity717 ) score. METHODS: In a national reference center, 51 @entity1 were evaluated with clinical examination, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO), and 24-hour Holter. @entity1 were classified according to the modified @entity717 score and divided into groups: @entity717 0, @entity717 I, @entity717 II, and @entity717 > II (which included @entity717 IIIa, IIIb, and IV). We chose the classification tree as the statistical method to analyze the association between findings in cardiac tests with the neurological classification ( @entity717 ). RESULTS: ECG abnormalities were present in almost 2/3 of the @entity305 @entity1 , whereas @entity854 occurred in around 1/3 of them. All @entity1 with abnormal ECHO also had abnormal ECG, but the opposite did not apply. The classification tree identified ECG and ECHO as relevant variables (p < 0.001 and p = 0.08, respectively). The probability of a @entity1 to be allocated to the @entity717 0 group when having a normal ECG was over 80%. When both ECG and ECHO were abnormal, this probability was null. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian @entity1 with @entity305 have frequent ECG abnormalities. ECG is an appropriate test to discriminate asymptomatic carriers of the mutation from those who develop the disease, whereas ECHO contributes to this discrimination.

title: Frequency of Cardiovascular Involvement in @entity305 in Brazilian XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Cortical neural prostheses (CNPs) hold great promise for paralyzed @entity1 by recording neural signals from the brain and translating them into movement commands. However, these electrodes normally fail to record neural signals weeks to months after implantation due to @entity32 and neuronal loss around the implanted neural electrodes. Sustained local delivery of neurotrophins from biocompatible coatings on CNPs can potentially promote neuron survival and attract the nearby neurons to migrate toward the electrodes to increase neuron density at the electrode/brain interface, which is important for maintaining the recording quality and long-term performance of the implanted CNPs. However, sustained release of neurotrophins from biocompatible ultrathin coatings is very difficult to achieve. In this study, we investigated the potential of several biocompatible natural polyanions including heparin, @entity13237 , and gelatin to form layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly with positively charged @entity2252 nerve growth factor (NGF) and its model protein lysozyme, and whether sustained release of NGF and lysozyme can be achieved from the nanoscale thin LbL coatings. We found that gelatin, which is less negatively charged than heparin and dextran @entity597 , showed the highest efficacy in loading proteins into the LbL films because other interactions in addition to electrostatic interactions were involved in LbL assembly. Sustained release of NGF and lysozymes for approximately 2 weeks was achieved from the gelatin-based LbL coatings. Released NGF maintained the bioactivity to stimulate neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells. Gelatin is generally recognized as safe by the FDA. Thus, the biocompatible LbL coating developed in this study is highly promising to be used for implanted CNPs to improve their long-term performance in @entity1 @entity1 .

title: Layer-by-layer films assembled from natural polymers for sustained release of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity13237 :: ('MESH:D016264', 'Chemical') :: ['dextran sulfate']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['neurotrophin']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the clinical significance of @entity10842 sensitivity 19 (MMS19) expression in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ). METHODS: Between June 2008 and May 2013, specimens from 103 @entity1 who underwent endoscopic biopsy for the diagnosis of @entity1721 at the endoscopy center of Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center were collected; 52 matched-normal esophageal squamous epithelium samples were biopsied as controls. MMS19 protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry. Of the 103 cases of @entity1721 , 49 received radical surgery following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy consisting of concurrent radiation in a total dose of 40 Gy and two cycles of chemotherapy with @entity1206 and @entity900 . Relationships between MMS19 expression, clinicopathologic characteristics and chemoradiotherapy response were analyzed. RESULTS: The MMS19 protein could be detected in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of most specimens. High cytoplasmic expression of MMS19 was detected in 63.1% of @entity1721 samples, whereas high nuclear expression of MMS19 was found in 35.0%. High cytoplasmic MMS19 expression was associated with regional lymph node @entity3 (OR = 11.3, 95%CI: 2.3-54.7; P < 0.001) and distant @entity3 (OR = 13.1, 95%CI: 1.7-103.0; P = 0.002). Furthermore, high cytoplasmic MMS19 expression was associated with a response of @entity1721 to chemoradiotherapy (OR = 11.5, 95%CI: 3.0-44.5; P < 0.001), with a high cytoplasmic MMS19 expression rates in 79.3% and 25.0% of @entity1 from the good chemoradiotherapy response group and poor response group, respectively. Nuclear MMS19 expression did not show any significant association with clinicopathologic characteristics or chemoradiotherapy response in @entity1721 . CONCLUSION: The results of our preliminary study suggest that MMS19 may be a potential new predictor of @entity3 and chemoradiotherapy response in @entity1721 .

title: @entity10842 sensitivity 19 expression is associated with XXXX and chemoradiotherapy response in esophageal cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10842 :: ('MESH:D008741', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-methanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the clinical significance of @entity10842 sensitivity 19 (MMS19) expression in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ). METHODS: Between June 2008 and May 2013, specimens from 103 @entity1 who underwent endoscopic biopsy for the diagnosis of @entity1721 at the endoscopy center of Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center were collected; 52 matched-normal esophageal squamous epithelium samples were biopsied as controls. MMS19 protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry. Of the 103 cases of @entity1721 , 49 received radical surgery following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy consisting of concurrent radiation in a total dose of 40 Gy and two cycles of chemotherapy with @entity1206 and @entity900 . Relationships between MMS19 expression, clinicopathologic characteristics and chemoradiotherapy response were analyzed. RESULTS: The MMS19 protein could be detected in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of most specimens. High cytoplasmic expression of MMS19 was detected in 63.1% of @entity1721 samples, whereas high nuclear expression of MMS19 was found in 35.0%. High cytoplasmic MMS19 expression was associated with regional lymph node @entity3 (OR = 11.3, 95%CI: 2.3-54.7; P < 0.001) and distant @entity3 (OR = 13.1, 95%CI: 1.7-103.0; P = 0.002). Furthermore, high cytoplasmic MMS19 expression was associated with a response of @entity1721 to chemoradiotherapy (OR = 11.5, 95%CI: 3.0-44.5; P < 0.001), with a high cytoplasmic MMS19 expression rates in 79.3% and 25.0% of @entity1 from the good chemoradiotherapy response group and poor response group, respectively. Nuclear MMS19 expression did not show any significant association with clinicopathologic characteristics or chemoradiotherapy response in @entity1721 . CONCLUSION: The results of our preliminary study suggest that MMS19 may be a potential new predictor of @entity3 and chemoradiotherapy response in @entity1721 .

title: XXXX sensitivity 19 expression is associated with @entity3 and chemoradiotherapy response in esophageal cancer.

answer: @entity10842 :: (MESH:D008741,Chemical) :: ['Methyl-methanesulfonate']


abstract: AIM: To summarize the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effect of probiotics by using a meta-analytic approach. METHODS: In July 2013, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, the Cochrane Library, and three Chinese databases (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Medical Current Content, and Chinese Scientific Journals database) to identify relevant RCTs. We included RCTs investigating the effect of a combination of probiotics and standard therapy (probiotics group) with standard therapy alone (control group). Risk ratios (RRs) were used to measure the effect of probiotics plus standard therapy on @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) eradication rates, adverse events, and @entity1 compliance using a random-effect model. RESULTS: We included data on 6997 @entity1 from 45 RCTs, the overall eradication rates of the probiotic group and the control group were 82.31% and 72.08%, respectively. We noted that the use of probiotics plus standard therapy was associated with an increased eradication rate by per-protocol set analysis (RR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.08-1.15; P < 0.001) or intention-to-treat analysis (RR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.10-1.16; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the incidence of adverse events was 21.44% in the probiotics group and 36.27% in the control group, and it was found that the probiotics plus standard therapy significantly reduced the risk of adverse events (RR = 0.59; 95%CI: 0.48-0.71; P < 0.001), which demonstrated a favorable effect of probiotics in reducing adverse events associated with @entity1534 eradication therapy. The specific reduction in adverse events ranged from 30% to 59%, and this reduction was statistically significant. Finally, probiotics plus standard therapy had little or no effect on @entity1 compliance (RR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.68-1.39; P = 0.889). CONCLUSION: The use of probiotics plus standard therapy was associated with an increase in the @entity1534 eradication rate, and a reduction in adverse events resulting from treatment in the general population. However, this therapy did not improve @entity1 compliance.

title: Probiotics in XXXX eradication therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of microsurgical vasoepididymostomy and/or vasovasostomy in the treatment of obstructive @entity3893 . METHODS: This study included 76 @entity1 with obstructive @entity3893 , 53 treated by bilateral vasoepididymostomy (8 involving the epididymal head, 18 involving the epididymal body, 5 involving the epididymal tail, and 22 involving the epididymal head, body and tail), 14 by unilateral vasoepididymostomy, and the other 9 by unilateral vasoepididymostomy + unilateral vasovasostomy (including cross @entity254 ). We followed up the @entity1 for 2 to 16 months for the patency rate, routine semen parameters, and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: The success rate of bilateral vasoepididymostomy, unilateral vasoepididymostomy, and unilateral vasoepididymostomy + unilateral vasovasostomy (including cross @entity254 ) were 62.26% (33/53), 35.71% (5/14), and 77.78% (7/9), respectively. The average sperm concentrations in the three groups of @entity1 were (27.9 +/- 5.74), (11.8 +/- 8.33), and (19.9 +/- 7.53) x 10(6)/ml, the average total sperm counts were (65.6 +/- 13.71), (28.0 +/- 15.86), and (69.2 +/- 28.59) x 10(6), and the mean rates of progressively motile sperm were (22.3 +/- 3.18), (11.0 +/- 9.77), and (15.8 +/- 5.05)%, respectively. The success rates of bilateral vasoepididymostomy that involved the epididymal head, body, tail, and all the three parts were 62.5, 72.22, 60, and 54.55%, respectively. Natural pregnancy was achieved in 8 (10.53%) of the total number of cases. CONCLUSION: Microsurgery is effective for the treatment obstructive @entity3893 . Unilateral vasoepididymostomy + unilateral vasovasostomy is superior to the other procedures, followed by bilateral vasoepididymostomy. @entity3892 may achieve a slightly better effect than that involving the other epididymal parts.

title: [Microsurgical treatment of obstructive XXXX : a report of 76 cases].

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

entities_list: @entity3892 :: ('MESH:D004823', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral vasoepididymostomy involving the epididymal body']

answer: @entity3893 :: (MESH:D053713,Disease) :: ['azoospermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the techniques and effect of surgical resection of large intra- and extra-ventricular @entity976 via anterior interhemispheric trans-lamina terminalis approach. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 who were surgically treated for large intra- and extra-ventricular @entity976 were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 underwent surgery via anterior interhemispheric trans-lamina terminalis approach. Of the 52 @entity1 , 28 were male and 24 were female, with age ranging from 3 to 67 years (mean age 33.5 years). The maximum @entity5 diameter varied from 4.0 to 7.8 cm, with mean diameter of 5.1 cm. Contrast-enhanced MRI was underwent to determine the extent of @entity5 resection on the 1 to 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: Total removal of the lesion was achieved in 47 cases (90.4%), 5 @entity1 underwent subtotal resection (9.6%). Division of the anterior communicating artery was performed in 6 @entity1 with no early or late complications related to division of the artery. Visual acuity was preserved or improved in 44 @entity1 (84.6%). Preservation of the pituitary stalk were achieved in 33 @entity1 (63.5%). No surgery-related @entity204 occurred. The postsurgical follow-up period varied from 3 months to 68 months (mean 25.4 months). Twenty-three cases had endocrinological deficit and received some form of hormonal replacement after surgery. Permanent @entity2010 occurred in 18 cases. Three @entity1 died and 6 @entity1 suffered recurrence during the followed-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The anterior interhemispheric approach, with opening of the lamina terminalis, is a valid choice for large intra- and extra-ventricular @entity976 . These @entity5 can be removed without significant sequelae related to the surgical approach because optic nerves, optic chiasm, internal carotid artery, hypothalamic structures and pituitary stalk can be seen and effectively protected.

title: [Anterior interhemispheric approach through the lamina terminalis for large intra- and extra-ventricular XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the technique for minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MIILE) and to evaluate the feasibility, safety and the short-term clinical outcomes of this approach. METHODS: The clinical data of 309 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 who received Ivor Lewis esophagectomy between October 2011 and October 2013 was analyzed retrospectively. Of those 309 @entity1 , 112 underwent MIILE and 197 underwent open Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (OILE). The clinicopathologic factors, operational factors and postoperative complications of the two groups were compared by t test and   (2) test. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in terms of gender, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, @entity5 location, preoperative staging and incidence of comorbidities (P>0.05). The MIILE approach was associated with a significant decrease in surgical @entity190 ((186  45) ml vs. (198  47) ml, t=2.086, P=0.039), chest tube duration ((9  5) days vs. (11  6) days, t=2.760, P=0.005) and postoperative stay ((12  6) days vs. (14  7) days, t=2.932, P=0.005) relative to the OILE approach. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of total lymph nodes dissected or the stations of the total lymph nodes dissected (P>0.05). The postoperative in-hospital mortality and total morbidity did not differ between the two groups (P>0.05). The MIILE approach was associated with significantly fewer @entity2737 than the OILE approach (0 vs.4.6%, P=0.029). CONCLUSION: Our MIILE technique for locally advanced @entity418 can be safely and effectively performed for intrathoracic @entity254 during esophageal surgeries with favorable early outcomes.

title: [Short-term outcomes of minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for locally advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infections']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: @entity6192 toxin is formed from three components: protective antigen (PA), lethal (LF) and @entity4 (EF) factors. PA83 is cleaved by cell surface protease furin to produce a 63-kDa fragment (PA63). PA63 and LF/EF molecules are assembled to @entity6192 toxin complexes: oligomer PA63 x 7 + LF/EF x 3. Assembly is occurred during of binding with cellular receptor or near surface of target-cell. This toxin complex forms pore and induces receptor-mediated endocytosis. Formed endosome consists extracellular liquid with LF/EF and membrane-associated ferments (H+ and @entity3529 / @entity4024 +-ATPases) and proteins (receptors and others). H+ concentration is increased into endosome as result of @entity3529 / @entity4024 -ATPase-dependent- activity of @entity8108 -ATPase. Difference of potentials (between endosome and intracellular liquid) is increased and LF/EF molecules are moved to pore and bound with PA63-oligomer to PA63 x 7 + LF/EF x 7 and full block pore (ion-selective channel). Endosome is increased in volume and induces increasing of PA63-oligomer pore to.size of effector complex: LF/EF x 7 + @entity15409 7 x 7 = 750 kDa. Effector complex is translocated from endosome to cytosol by means high difference of potentials (H+) and dissociates from PA47 x 7 complex after cleavage of FFD315-sait by intracellular chymotrypsin-like proteases in all 7 molecules PA63. PA47 x 7 complex (strongly fixed in membrane with debris of hydrophobic loops) return into endosome and pore is destroyed. Endosome pH is decreased rapidly and PA47 x 7 complex is destroyed by endosomal/lysosomal proteases. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is ended by endosome recycling in cell-membrane.

title: [Molecular model of XXXX toxin translocation into target-cells].

entities_list: @entity6192 :: ('1392', 'Species') :: ['anthrax', 'Anthrax']

answer: @entity6192 :: (1392,Species) :: ['anthrax']