abstract: An adaptation of the Feulgen procedure to visualise DNA at the ultrastructural level, using @entity73225 instead of @entity9376 , was applied to ultrathin sections of @entity95 epididymal spermatozoa, known to display increasing chromatin compaction as they progress through the epididymis. In contrast with the somatic cell nuclei of the epididymal epithelium, which display classical staining, the chromatin of spermatozoa is partly or fully destroyed during the hydrolysis step of the technique. The sperm chromatin resistance towards destruction is a function of the initial sperm nuclear compaction and of the duration of hydrolysis prior to Feulgen-like staining. For a given nucleus, the maximum staining intensity is only obtained after an optimal duration of hydrolysis. However, because of this duration and local differences in chromatin compaction, the total DNA of a section is never completely visualized. The most compact parts of the nuclei are not yet stained, when the less compact parts have already been destroyed. This gives rise to a sperm-specific pattern which corresponds to the enhancement of microheterogeneities present in all sperm nuclei and to the local depolymerisation of the nuclear material during hydrolysis. The depolymerised parts of nuclei sit over the sections, and they also bind @entity3735 , @entity5611 and anti-protamine antibodies. Therefore, in sperm nuclei, the Feulgen-like staining at the ultrastructural level does not reveal the true DNA distribution. However, the amount of staining can be quantified to evaluate sperm chromatin compaction.

title: Distribution of DNA, nuclear micro-heterogeneities and compaction of the chromatin in XXXX epididymal spermatozoa. Ultrastructural evaluation of the Feulgen-like technique using @entity73225 .

entities_list: @entity9376 :: ('MESH:C476677', 'Chemical') :: ['Schiff reagent']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3735 :: ('MESH:C005460', 'Chemical') :: ['uranyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity73225 :: ('MESH:C076686', 'Chemical') :: ['osmium ammine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: An adaptation of the Feulgen procedure to visualise DNA at the ultrastructural level, using @entity73225 instead of @entity9376 , was applied to ultrathin sections of @entity95 epididymal spermatozoa, known to display increasing chromatin compaction as they progress through the epididymis. In contrast with the somatic cell nuclei of the epididymal epithelium, which display classical staining, the chromatin of spermatozoa is partly or fully destroyed during the hydrolysis step of the technique. The sperm chromatin resistance towards destruction is a function of the initial sperm nuclear compaction and of the duration of hydrolysis prior to Feulgen-like staining. For a given nucleus, the maximum staining intensity is only obtained after an optimal duration of hydrolysis. However, because of this duration and local differences in chromatin compaction, the total DNA of a section is never completely visualized. The most compact parts of the nuclei are not yet stained, when the less compact parts have already been destroyed. This gives rise to a sperm-specific pattern which corresponds to the enhancement of microheterogeneities present in all sperm nuclei and to the local depolymerisation of the nuclear material during hydrolysis. The depolymerised parts of nuclei sit over the sections, and they also bind @entity3735 , @entity5611 and anti-protamine antibodies. Therefore, in sperm nuclei, the Feulgen-like staining at the ultrastructural level does not reveal the true DNA distribution. However, the amount of staining can be quantified to evaluate sperm chromatin compaction.

title: Distribution of DNA, nuclear micro-heterogeneities and compaction of the chromatin in @entity95 epididymal spermatozoa. Ultrastructural evaluation of the Feulgen-like technique using XXXX .

answer: @entity73225 :: (MESH:C076686,Chemical) :: ['osmium ammine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the effect of the @entity135 ( @entity135 ) correcting procedures on the visual acuity improvement in @entity1 with @entity346 ( @entity346 ) and the visual acuity improvement outcomes in different @entity135 correcting surgeries in @entity346 . METHODS: This was a prospective, non-randomized, interventional study. Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent the Anderson-Kestenbaum procedure or the modified Anderson procedure with or without tenotomy of at least one horizontal recti for correction of @entity135 . Best-corrected binocular null zone acuity and degree of @entity135 was recorded preoperatively and compared with those done 1 month postoperatively. RESULTS: The average null zone logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution acuity was 0.42 preoperatively, which improved significantly to 0.33 postoperatively (P = .002). The @entity135 ranged from 10   to 40   (mean: 20.89  ), which improved significantly to a mean of 3.21   (P = .000). No significant difference (P = .65) was found in the visual acuity improvement among @entity1 who underwent the Anderson-Kestenbaum procedure or the modified Anderson procedure with or without tenotomy. No significant difference in the visual acuity improvement was seen in @entity1 who underwent tenotomy of at least one horizontal rectus muscle along with the modified Anderson procedure compared to those who underwent the modified Anderson procedure alone (P = .28). CONCLUSION: The procedures used mainly for correction of @entity135 in @entity346 do yield significant improvement in the visual acuity. This improvement is seen in @entity1 undergoing surgery for both horizontal and vertical @entity135 .

title: Improvement in visual acuity following surgery for correction of head posture in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['AHP', 'abnormal head posture']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['infantile nystagmus syndrome', 'INS']

answer: @entity346 :: (MESH:D009759,Disease) :: ['infantile nystagmus syndrome']


abstract: Studies are described in which @entity18008 (EB) was tested to determine its acute @entity137 to three marine organisms, @entity73226 ( @entity73226 ), mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia), and diatoms (Skeletonema costatum), and to one freshwater algae (Selenastrum capricornutum). The respective 96-hr median lethal concentration (LC50) values and 95% confidence intervals for EB in the flow-through studies with fish and mysid shrimp were 5.1 (4.4-5.7) mg/liter and 2.6 (2.0-3.3) mg/liter. While the 96-hr median effective concentrations (EC50's) for growth inhibition and 95% confidence intervals for the static studies with diatoms and algae were 7.7 (5.9-10.0) mg/liter and 3.6 (1.7-7.6) mg/liter, respectively. Problems were encountered in all four studies as a result of the high volatility and poor water solubility of EB in water and an apparent "salting out" effect noted in seawater. This effect was found particularly true in the diatom and algae studies where the salinity was increased with the addition of culture medium. Measures are described which were used to overcome this stability problem with EB. These included sealing the test systems tight without any air spaces to prevent the collection of EB vapors. Also, increased mixing of EB in the test solutions was found to be essential in the flow-through studies to maintain stable levels. In the case of the diatom and algal studies, since current EPA test guidelines were judged to be inadequate to overcome EB volatility from the test medium, a new closed test system had to be developed and employed, after validation with a nonvolatile reference toxicant in the new and conventional static test systems. The results of these studies indicate that previous reports underestimated the potential acute @entity137 of EB by at least one order of magnitude. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the potential environmental impact of EB and the resultant regulatory actions.

title: Strategies employed to determine the acute XXXX of @entity18008 , a highly volatile, poorly water-soluble chemical.

entities_list: @entity73226 :: ('238744', 'Species') :: ['Menidia menidia', 'Atlantic silversides']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'aquatic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity18008 :: ('MESH:C004912', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl benzene']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['aquatic toxicity']


abstract: Studies are described in which @entity18008 (EB) was tested to determine its acute @entity137 to three marine organisms, @entity73226 ( @entity73226 ), mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia), and diatoms (Skeletonema costatum), and to one freshwater algae (Selenastrum capricornutum). The respective 96-hr median lethal concentration (LC50) values and 95% confidence intervals for EB in the flow-through studies with fish and mysid shrimp were 5.1 (4.4-5.7) mg/liter and 2.6 (2.0-3.3) mg/liter. While the 96-hr median effective concentrations (EC50's) for growth inhibition and 95% confidence intervals for the static studies with diatoms and algae were 7.7 (5.9-10.0) mg/liter and 3.6 (1.7-7.6) mg/liter, respectively. Problems were encountered in all four studies as a result of the high volatility and poor water solubility of EB in water and an apparent "salting out" effect noted in seawater. This effect was found particularly true in the diatom and algae studies where the salinity was increased with the addition of culture medium. Measures are described which were used to overcome this stability problem with EB. These included sealing the test systems tight without any air spaces to prevent the collection of EB vapors. Also, increased mixing of EB in the test solutions was found to be essential in the flow-through studies to maintain stable levels. In the case of the diatom and algal studies, since current EPA test guidelines were judged to be inadequate to overcome EB volatility from the test medium, a new closed test system had to be developed and employed, after validation with a nonvolatile reference toxicant in the new and conventional static test systems. The results of these studies indicate that previous reports underestimated the potential acute @entity137 of EB by at least one order of magnitude. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the potential environmental impact of EB and the resultant regulatory actions.

title: Strategies employed to determine the acute @entity137 of XXXX , a highly volatile, poorly water-soluble chemical.

answer: @entity18008 :: (MESH:C004912,Chemical) :: ['ethyl benzene']


abstract: We have performed extensive analyses of T cell receptor V beta usage in the thymus, the spleen and the infiltrated islets of preclinical non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 . A semiquantitative anchored polymerase chain reaction (An-PCR) protocol has been developed for this purpose. The validity of the method has been first assessed by antibody staining with a panel of anti-V beta monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The results obtained by An-PCR are accurate, reproducible, and in good agreement with cell surface protein staining. A strict comparison between thymus and spleen repertoires reveals no major V beta-specific deletion except the already reported V beta 3 deletion due to @entity73227 . Certain V beta such as V beta 15, 18, 20 are found with a low frequency in the spleen, but the fact that they are also scarce in the thymus probably reflects a poor availability of these genetic elements during beta chain rearrangement rather than negative selection. Other V beta, such as V @entity8042 and V beta 14 are significantly more abundant in the spleen than in the thymus. This finding was confirmed by mAb staining for V @entity8042 and V beta 14. The expansion asymmetrically affects the @entity1961 + subset and can be traced back to the mature, single-positive thymocyte subset, suggesting an intrathymic positive selection event. V beta repertoires in infiltrated islets of 13- and 18-week-old, non- @entity6 @entity19 are polymorphic. Practically all the V beta found in the peripheral lymphoid tissues are present in the islets, in similar proportions. The major exception is V beta 12, one of the V beta which is subject to expansion during intrathymic differentiation and which is further augmented in the islets, both at 13 and 18 weeks. This increase probably reflects further peripheral amplification of the V beta 12-bearing subset due to encounter with the same ligand as in the thymus or with a cross-reactive motif. Finally, the @entity377 sequencing of all the V beta segments in usage in the NOD strain confirms the absence of allelic polymorphism of V beta-coding regions.

title: Anchored polymerase chain reaction based analysis of the V beta repertoire in the non-obese XXXX (NOD) @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: We have performed extensive analyses of T cell receptor V beta usage in the thymus, the spleen and the infiltrated islets of preclinical non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 . A semiquantitative anchored polymerase chain reaction (An-PCR) protocol has been developed for this purpose. The validity of the method has been first assessed by antibody staining with a panel of anti-V beta monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The results obtained by An-PCR are accurate, reproducible, and in good agreement with cell surface protein staining. A strict comparison between thymus and spleen repertoires reveals no major V beta-specific deletion except the already reported V beta 3 deletion due to @entity73227 . Certain V beta such as V beta 15, 18, 20 are found with a low frequency in the spleen, but the fact that they are also scarce in the thymus probably reflects a poor availability of these genetic elements during beta chain rearrangement rather than negative selection. Other V beta, such as V @entity8042 and V beta 14 are significantly more abundant in the spleen than in the thymus. This finding was confirmed by mAb staining for V @entity8042 and V beta 14. The expansion asymmetrically affects the @entity1961 + subset and can be traced back to the mature, single-positive thymocyte subset, suggesting an intrathymic positive selection event. V beta repertoires in infiltrated islets of 13- and 18-week-old, non- @entity6 @entity19 are polymorphic. Practically all the V beta found in the peripheral lymphoid tissues are present in the islets, in similar proportions. The major exception is V beta 12, one of the V beta which is subject to expansion during intrathymic differentiation and which is further augmented in the islets, both at 13 and 18 weeks. This increase probably reflects further peripheral amplification of the V beta 12-bearing subset due to encounter with the same ligand as in the thymus or with a cross-reactive motif. Finally, the @entity377 sequencing of all the V beta segments in usage in the NOD strain confirms the absence of allelic polymorphism of V beta-coding regions.

title: Anchored polymerase chain reaction based analysis of the V beta repertoire in the non-obese @entity6 (NOD) XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study compared the @entity174 resistance of teeth instrumented with ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Next (PTN, Dentsply Maillefer), WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer), Twisted File (SybronEndo, Orange, CA), Mtwo (MT; VDW, M  nchen, Germany), and Revo-S (MicroMega, Besan  on, France) nickel- @entity702 systems and obturated with compatible gutta-percha cones of finishing files using the single-cone technique and a resin sealer. METHODS: The study included 72 mandibular premolar teeth. The roots were covered with additive @entity1346 and placed in Eppendorf tubes, which were filled with a self-curing acrylic. The tubes were separated into 6 groups: prepared with the ProTaper Universal (F4 40/.06) (group 1), prepared with the PTN (X4 40/.06) (group 2), prepared with the WaveOne reciprocating file (40/.08) (group 3), prepared with the Twisted File (40/.04) (group 4), prepared with the MT (40/.06) (group 5), and prepared with the Revo-S (AS 40/.06) (group 6). After the preparations were completed, all the teeth were filled with the appropriate gutta-percha systems. The force (N) was applied at a 1-mm/min crosshead speed until the roots fractured. Differences among the groups were analyzed by Tukey and analysis of variance tests. RESULTS: Group 2 was the most resistant to @entity174 , and group 5 was the least resistant. The difference in the @entity174 resistance between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P  =  .019). The resistance of group 3 and group 6 to vertical root @entity174 was similar, and the resistance of group 4 was slightly lower than that of the other groups (P  =  .058). CONCLUSIONS: The roots instrumented with the MT were the least resistant, and the roots instrumented with the PTN were the most resistant to VRF.

title: Comparison of the Resistance of Teeth Instrumented with Different Nickel- XXXX Systems to Vertical Root Fracture: An In  Vitro Study.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['Titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morbid @entity28 has become one of the most frequent chronic medical disorders in Western countries, affecting 1.5-2  % of the Dutch population. Currently, the laparoscopic Roux-Y gastric bypass is considered to be the most effective bariatric treatment option for morbid @entity28 as it results in adequate @entity353 and a significant decrease in comorbidity. Although this technique has been applied for years, the optimal lengths of the three bowel limbs ( @entity4218 , biliopancreatic limb, and common channel) in order to achieve maximal percentage excess @entity353 with minimal side effects (i.e. malabsorption symptoms), are unknown. As 'normal' sized gastric bypasses achieve an average of 60   -   80  % excess @entity353 after one year, one could hypothesize that afferent limb lengths should be longer in order to reduce the common channel length, thereby improving outcome in terms of excess @entity353 . The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of the length of the common channel in gastric bypass surgery for morbid @entity28 . In this randomized controlled trial the very long Roux limb gastric bypass will be compared to the standard gastric bypass, in order to conclude which option is the optimal therapeutic strategy in the morbidly @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS/DESIGN: In this multicentre trial @entity1 will be randomized either to a very long Roux limb gastric bypass with a fixed common channel length of 100  cm, or to a standard gastric bypass with a variable common channel length. The primary objective is to evaluate whether the very long Roux limb gastric bypass is superior in terms of percentage excess @entity353 after one year follow-up compared to the standard gastric bypass. Secondary endpoints are quality-of-life, cure /improvement of @entity28 related comorbidity, complications, @entity3147 , re-admission rate, and re-operation rate. DISCUSSION: We hypothesize that our proposed distal LRYGB will provide for improved results concerning % EWL with an acceptable rate of (metabolic) complications. Our main point of interest is to determine if the distal LRYGB is a superior alternative to standard LRYGB in terms of percentage excess @entity353 and to put more focus on the role of the common channel. Therefore we will perform this randomized controlled trial comparing both techniques, with % EWL as a primary outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CCMO registration number: NL43951.101.13 and Netherlands Trial Registry number: NTR4466.

title: Study protocol of the DUCATI-study: a randomized controlled trial investigating the optimal common channel length in laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbid XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['alimentary limb']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morbid @entity28 has become one of the most frequent chronic medical disorders in Western countries, affecting 1.5-2  % of the Dutch population. Currently, the laparoscopic Roux-Y gastric bypass is considered to be the most effective bariatric treatment option for morbid @entity28 as it results in adequate @entity353 and a significant decrease in comorbidity. Although this technique has been applied for years, the optimal lengths of the three bowel limbs ( @entity4218 , biliopancreatic limb, and common channel) in order to achieve maximal percentage excess @entity353 with minimal side effects (i.e. malabsorption symptoms), are unknown. As 'normal' sized gastric bypasses achieve an average of 60   -   80  % excess @entity353 after one year, one could hypothesize that afferent limb lengths should be longer in order to reduce the common channel length, thereby improving outcome in terms of excess @entity353 . The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of the length of the common channel in gastric bypass surgery for morbid @entity28 . In this randomized controlled trial the very long Roux limb gastric bypass will be compared to the standard gastric bypass, in order to conclude which option is the optimal therapeutic strategy in the morbidly @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS/DESIGN: In this multicentre trial @entity1 will be randomized either to a very long Roux limb gastric bypass with a fixed common channel length of 100  cm, or to a standard gastric bypass with a variable common channel length. The primary objective is to evaluate whether the very long Roux limb gastric bypass is superior in terms of percentage excess @entity353 after one year follow-up compared to the standard gastric bypass. Secondary endpoints are quality-of-life, cure /improvement of @entity28 related comorbidity, complications, @entity3147 , re-admission rate, and re-operation rate. DISCUSSION: We hypothesize that our proposed distal LRYGB will provide for improved results concerning % EWL with an acceptable rate of (metabolic) complications. Our main point of interest is to determine if the distal LRYGB is a superior alternative to standard LRYGB in terms of percentage excess @entity353 and to put more focus on the role of the common channel. Therefore we will perform this randomized controlled trial comparing both techniques, with % EWL as a primary outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CCMO registration number: NL43951.101.13 and Netherlands Trial Registry number: NTR4466.

title: Study protocol of the DUCATI-study: a randomized controlled trial investigating the optimal common channel length in laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbid @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of @entity432 ( @entity432 ), a review of 15 @entity1 who underwent aortic bypass replacement following aortorenal thrombectomy, especially focusing on the safety of suprarenal aortic clamping or transient aortic compression, was undertaken. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the period of June 2001 to November 2012, 15 @entity1 with @entity432 (chronic 10, acute 5) were analyzed retrospectively. @entity432 with combined stenosis of the renal artery was found in 2 @entity1 , renal artery thrombus in 8 @entity1 , and normal in 5 @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity1 were males. Mean age was 61.7  11.2 years. There were 14 aortobifemoral bypass grafting and 1 aortobiiliac bypass grafting. Six Dacron and 9 PTFE artificial Y-grafts were implanted to the aorta with end-to-end @entity254 in the proximal aorta. Suprarenal aortic clamping was performed in 7 @entity1 , supraceliac clamping in 2 @entity1 , and transient aortic compression in 6 @entity1 . There were 13 cases with aortic clamping time <10 minutes and 2 cases with >10 minutes. @entity8 was performed in 10 (66.7%) @entity1 . There were no operative mortality cases. The perioperative morbidity rate was 26.7% (4/15). @entity177 was impaired in four @entity1 . The renal functions of these cases were recovered postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Aortic bypass replacement following aortorenal thrombectomy with suprarenal aortic clamping or transient aortic compression for @entity432 is the optimal treatment. It is important to focus on short renal ischemic time during suprarenal aortic clamping for prevention of @entity8 . It provides unmatched perioperative and long-term results.

title: Experiences of Surgical Treatment for Juxtarenal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombectomy of the aorta and renal artery', 'renal damage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative renal function']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['juxtarenal aortic occlusion', 'JRAO']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Aortic Occlusion']


abstract: A 51-year-old @entity1 had suffered from massive @entity1143 due to invasion of malignant cells. The analysis of bone marrow aspiration showed the proliferation of myeloperoxidase-positive blasts. The surface marker analysis of the blasts revealed the positivities for @entity4587 and @entity1075 as well as @entity10793 , @entity1116 and @entity2280 , while the karyotypes of 20 cells were normal. Therefore, @entity4587 positive @entity3052 was diagnosed. The @entity1 was treated with araC and @entity5699 as a remission induction therapy. Peripheral blood stem cells were harvested by leukapheresis after first and second consolidation therapies. Then, 3 x 10(4) cells/kg of CFU-GM were infused. Complete remission has been maintained for 8 months after autologous blood stem cell transplantation. Pleural involvement as an initial manifestation is rare in @entity3052 . Extramedullary growth of @entity3052 cells may be related to their immaturity, indicated by the expression of the cell surface antigens.

title: [ XXXX positive acute myelogenous leukemia exhibiting pleural involvement as an initial manifestation].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

answer: @entity4587 :: (924,Gene) :: ['CD7']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postpartum parental mental health problems pose a serious risk for @entity1 development and often remain undetected in postpartum primary care. Within the framework of the German Midwifes Prevention Study, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of postpartum emotional distress in mothers and fathers, and the detection of distressed parents by midwives in a primary care setting. We also examined whether a temporal extension of the postpartum midwife care period is associated with greater use of midwife contacts and higher rates of referral to further professional support if needed. METHODS: Mothers, fathers, and midwives filled out questionnaires at 2   weeks (t 1) and 6   months (t 2) postpartum. Compared to standard care in the control group (CG), midwives in an intervention group (IG) offered extended postpartum care of 6   months postpartum. @entity6160 was assessed using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS). Midwives reported on parental @entity458 as well as the number of postpartum contacts and referrals to additional social- and health-care providers. RESULTS: Based on their ratings, midwives identified half of mothers and around one-quarter of fathers with @entity308 according to the EPDS at t 1 and t 2. IG mothers used significantly more midwife contacts than CG mothers. IG mothers with high-postnatal @entity458 at t 2 used significantly more contacts than mothers with lower levels of distress. IG mothers with high- @entity458 at t 2 were referred to additional support services more often than mothers with lower levels of distress.

title: Early Detection of Postpartum XXXX in Mothers and Fathers and Its Relation to Midwives' Evaluation and Service Provision: A Community-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['elevated depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity6160 :: ('MESH:D063129', 'Disease') :: ['Parental psychological distress']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive Symptoms']


abstract: Peripheral blood @entity1503 in @entity1 can be due to a variety of acquired or @entity74 . @entity74 affecting a single hematopoietic lineage are frequently characterized by typical @entity236 findings, such as lack of progenitors or @entity2175 arrest in @entity9957 or a lack of megakaryocytes in @entity882 , whereas antibody-mediated diseases such as @entity1398 are associated with a rather unremarkable @entity236 morphology. By contrast, @entity3043 is frequently associated with a hypocellular @entity236 , and the differential diagnosis includes acquired @entity2150 , @entity2590 , inherited @entity2131 such as @entity11807 and @entity7063 , and a variety of @entity1200 including @entity9058 . Thorough @entity236 analysis is of special importance for the diagnostic work-up of most @entity1 . Cellularity, cellular composition, and @entity6349 signs are the cornerstones of the differential diagnosis. @entity3043 in the presence of a normo- or @entity236 with @entity6349 changes may indicate @entity2590 . More challenging for the hematologist is the evaluation of the hypocellular @entity236 . Although @entity2150 and @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) can reliably be differentiated on a morphological level, the overlapping pathophysiology remains a significant challenge for the choice of the therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, inherited @entity2131 are usually associated with the morphological picture of @entity1503 , and the recognition of these entities is essential as they often present a multisystem disease requiring different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This paper gives an overview over the different disease entities presenting with (pan) @entity1503 , their pathophysiology, characteristic @entity236 findings, and therapeutic approaches.

title: Missing Cells: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of (Pan) XXXX in Childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['maturation']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity7063 :: ('MESH:D019871', 'Disease') :: ['dyskeratosis congenita']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['RCC', 'hypocellular refractory cytopenia of childhood', 'cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity9957 :: ('MESH:C537592', 'Disease') :: ['congenital neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Genetic disorders', 'inherited diseases']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['hypercellular marrow', 'bone marrow']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia', 'Pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anemia']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['Cytopenia']


abstract: @entity1481 (1-[2,3,4-trimethoxibenzyl)]-piperazine, @entity2904 ) is a drug with a proposed metabolically based antiischemic action. Because @entity5649 is a serious complication of @entity63 and is considered metabolic in origin, we studied the effect of @entity1481 ( @entity2904 ) on development of @entity5649 in experimental low-flow @entity63 . @entity2904 was either added to the perfusion fluid or given as pretreatment to the donor @entity35 . Langendorff-perfused isolated @entity35 hearts were submitted to 30-min subtotal global @entity63 (residual flow = 0.2 ml/min, n = 6 per group) (normal flow = 12.4 +/- 0.8 ml/min, heart fresh weight = 0.9 +/- 0.3 g). @entity5649 was measured by a water-filled intraventricular balloon. Thereafter, the hearts were reperfused for 20 min and recovery of intraventricular pressure was monitored. Furthermore, because the mechanisms of action of @entity2904 may involve cellular energy metabolism, we assessed throughout glycolytic flux by collecting the coronary effluent every 5 min during control perfusion, @entity63 , and reperfusion periods. Animals from the pretreated groups received @entity2904 [3 mg/kg orally (p.o.) twice daily] for 5 days. Animals from the control group received placebo for the same time period. Concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-4) M were used when the drug was added to the perfusate. In our experimental conditions, @entity2904 pretreatment alone had no measurable cardioprotective effect, but addition to the perfusate of @entity2904 10(-6) M, approximately a therapeutic concentration in @entity1 , reduced @entity5649 in both pretreated and control groups and improved postischemic recovery of developed pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity1481 on XXXX in isolated perfused @entity35 hearts.

entities_list: @entity5649 :: ('MESH:D054061', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic contracture', 'ischemic contracture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimetazidine', 'trimetazidine']

answer: @entity5649 :: (MESH:D054061,Disease) :: ['ischemic contracture']


abstract: @entity1481 (1-[2,3,4-trimethoxibenzyl)]-piperazine, @entity2904 ) is a drug with a proposed metabolically based antiischemic action. Because @entity5649 is a serious complication of @entity63 and is considered metabolic in origin, we studied the effect of @entity1481 ( @entity2904 ) on development of @entity5649 in experimental low-flow @entity63 . @entity2904 was either added to the perfusion fluid or given as pretreatment to the donor @entity35 . Langendorff-perfused isolated @entity35 hearts were submitted to 30-min subtotal global @entity63 (residual flow = 0.2 ml/min, n = 6 per group) (normal flow = 12.4 +/- 0.8 ml/min, heart fresh weight = 0.9 +/- 0.3 g). @entity5649 was measured by a water-filled intraventricular balloon. Thereafter, the hearts were reperfused for 20 min and recovery of intraventricular pressure was monitored. Furthermore, because the mechanisms of action of @entity2904 may involve cellular energy metabolism, we assessed throughout glycolytic flux by collecting the coronary effluent every 5 min during control perfusion, @entity63 , and reperfusion periods. Animals from the pretreated groups received @entity2904 [3 mg/kg orally (p.o.) twice daily] for 5 days. Animals from the control group received placebo for the same time period. Concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-4) M were used when the drug was added to the perfusate. In our experimental conditions, @entity2904 pretreatment alone had no measurable cardioprotective effect, but addition to the perfusate of @entity2904 10(-6) M, approximately a therapeutic concentration in @entity1 , reduced @entity5649 in both pretreated and control groups and improved postischemic recovery of developed pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity5649 in isolated perfused @entity35 hearts.

answer: @entity1481 :: (MESH:D014292,Chemical) :: ['trimetazidine']


abstract: @entity1481 (1-[2,3,4-trimethoxibenzyl)]-piperazine, @entity2904 ) is a drug with a proposed metabolically based antiischemic action. Because @entity5649 is a serious complication of @entity63 and is considered metabolic in origin, we studied the effect of @entity1481 ( @entity2904 ) on development of @entity5649 in experimental low-flow @entity63 . @entity2904 was either added to the perfusion fluid or given as pretreatment to the donor @entity35 . Langendorff-perfused isolated @entity35 hearts were submitted to 30-min subtotal global @entity63 (residual flow = 0.2 ml/min, n = 6 per group) (normal flow = 12.4 +/- 0.8 ml/min, heart fresh weight = 0.9 +/- 0.3 g). @entity5649 was measured by a water-filled intraventricular balloon. Thereafter, the hearts were reperfused for 20 min and recovery of intraventricular pressure was monitored. Furthermore, because the mechanisms of action of @entity2904 may involve cellular energy metabolism, we assessed throughout glycolytic flux by collecting the coronary effluent every 5 min during control perfusion, @entity63 , and reperfusion periods. Animals from the pretreated groups received @entity2904 [3 mg/kg orally (p.o.) twice daily] for 5 days. Animals from the control group received placebo for the same time period. Concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-4) M were used when the drug was added to the perfusate. In our experimental conditions, @entity2904 pretreatment alone had no measurable cardioprotective effect, but addition to the perfusate of @entity2904 10(-6) M, approximately a therapeutic concentration in @entity1 , reduced @entity5649 in both pretreated and control groups and improved postischemic recovery of developed pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity1481 on @entity5649 in isolated perfused XXXX hearts.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether bariatric surgery is associated with @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ). METHODS: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study to estimate the relationship between prior bariatric surgery and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The data were collected from the 2012 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). Pregnancies in @entity28 @entity1 with a prior bariatric surgery were compared to those of @entity28 @entity1 without. Outcomes of interest were @entity1468 , @entity1592 , @entity5617 , large for gestational age, postpartum @entity548 , @entity2143 , cesarean delivery and operative vaginal delivery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS: 186   605 @entity28 @entity1 with singleton gestations were identified. Among these, 1585 (0.8%) @entity1 had a prior bariatric surgery. Prior bariatric surgery was associated with an increased risk of @entity1592 (5.7% versus 2.2%, adjusted odds ratio 2.89, 99% CI 1.55-5.39, p   <   0.0001) even after adjusting for confounding factors. No differences were seen in our other outcomes of interest. CONCLUSION: Singleton gestations in @entity28 @entity1 with a prior bariatric surgery have an increased risk of @entity1592 . It may be reasonable screen these pregnancies for the development of growth restriction.

title: Bariatric surgery and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes among XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['failed induction of labor']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal demise']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether bariatric surgery is associated with @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ). METHODS: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study to estimate the relationship between prior bariatric surgery and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The data were collected from the 2012 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). Pregnancies in @entity28 @entity1 with a prior bariatric surgery were compared to those of @entity28 @entity1 without. Outcomes of interest were @entity1468 , @entity1592 , @entity5617 , large for gestational age, postpartum @entity548 , @entity2143 , cesarean delivery and operative vaginal delivery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS: 186   605 @entity28 @entity1 with singleton gestations were identified. Among these, 1585 (0.8%) @entity1 had a prior bariatric surgery. Prior bariatric surgery was associated with an increased risk of @entity1592 (5.7% versus 2.2%, adjusted odds ratio 2.89, 99% CI 1.55-5.39, p   <   0.0001) even after adjusting for confounding factors. No differences were seen in our other outcomes of interest. CONCLUSION: Singleton gestations in @entity28 @entity1 with a prior bariatric surgery have an increased risk of @entity1592 . It may be reasonable screen these pregnancies for the development of growth restriction.

title: Bariatric surgery and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes among @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity19460 in foods, drug products, and the environment; the characteristics of @entity9735 -sensitivity reactions; and the management of @entity9735 -sensitive individuals are reviewed. @entity19460 are used in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals for their antioxidant properties; they are frequently used in restaurant foods to keep vegetables and fruits looking fresh. Beer, wine, and dried, canned, or frozen fruits often contain @entity19460 , and seafood and fried @entity415 are often prepared with these agents. @entity19460 are also present as pollutants in the atmosphere. The incidence of @entity9735 sensitivity is unknown, but the condition is being recognized with increasing frequency. @entity5143 is sometimes induced by @entity19460 in sensitive individuals, and @entity2021 and @entity204 have been reported. Immediate or delayed reactions may occur. The mechanism of @entity137 is unknown but is thought to be @entity9735 -induced stimulation of the afferent limb of the cholinergic reflex. Clinical management is based on avoiding strenuous exercise on days when atmospheric pollution is high and on avoiding foods and drug products containing @entity19460 . Treatment of @entity9735 -sensitivity reactions is usually supportive; subcutaneous @entity1425 has been effective in some @entity1 . Several drugs have been used investigationally to prevent @entity9735 -sensitivity reactions. However, few data are available to evaluate their efficacy. @entity19460 may induce @entity5143 and @entity2021 in sensitive individuals. These @entity1 should avoid foods and drug products containing @entity19460 .

title: Review of XXXX sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity19460 :: ('MESH:D013447', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfites', 'sulfites']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity9735 :: ('CHEBI:48854', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfite']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm', 'Bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity9735 :: (CHEBI:48854,Chemical) :: ['sulfite']


abstract: The mode of pharmacological healing influences subsequent @entity1066 relapse. @entity4773 following healing and withdrawal of active therapy has been studied in 18 prospectively randomised comparative studies involving @entity4444 and alternative healing agents. Most studies (eleven of the 18) showed comparative agents with a lower (greater than 10%) incidence of relapse than @entity4444 while a minority (seven of the 18) showed equal (+/- 10%) relapse. The probability of this distribution occurring by chance is less than 1:1000 (p = 0.0005, sign test). In three of the 11 published comparative studies the relapse rate was significantly higher in those who had previously received @entity4444 (p less than 0.05, two-sided significance test). This was despite the fact that most of the individual studies were small and required a substantial difference in results for the 5% significance level to be reached. Paired comparative incidences of relapse at six months were converted to relapse rates (percentage of healed population relapsing monthly), average rates for comparative agents were 8.05 +/- 2.7% while those for @entity4444 were 16.9 +/- 4.4% (means +/- SEM, n = 5); @entity4444 relapse rates derived from non-comparative trials were 17.0 +/- 1.9% (means +/- SEM, n = 7). Higher relapse rates translate into larger numbers of @entity1 at risk and in need of active therapy. These results are of biological and clinical significance. Differences in relapse must reflect beneficial effects of one group of agents on the @entity1066 diathesis or adverse effects of the comparator, @entity4444 . Each alternative reflects negatively on @entity4444 as an antiulcer medication; however, confirmation of adverse effects would force radical review of most current therapy of @entity1066 . Research into @entity1066 therapeutics must emphasise both the relapse and the healing potential of pharmacologic agents.

title: The choice of XXXX healing agent influences duodenal @entity1066 relapse rate and long-term clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal ulcer relapse']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: The mode of pharmacological healing influences subsequent @entity1066 relapse. @entity4773 following healing and withdrawal of active therapy has been studied in 18 prospectively randomised comparative studies involving @entity4444 and alternative healing agents. Most studies (eleven of the 18) showed comparative agents with a lower (greater than 10%) incidence of relapse than @entity4444 while a minority (seven of the 18) showed equal (+/- 10%) relapse. The probability of this distribution occurring by chance is less than 1:1000 (p = 0.0005, sign test). In three of the 11 published comparative studies the relapse rate was significantly higher in those who had previously received @entity4444 (p less than 0.05, two-sided significance test). This was despite the fact that most of the individual studies were small and required a substantial difference in results for the 5% significance level to be reached. Paired comparative incidences of relapse at six months were converted to relapse rates (percentage of healed population relapsing monthly), average rates for comparative agents were 8.05 +/- 2.7% while those for @entity4444 were 16.9 +/- 4.4% (means +/- SEM, n = 5); @entity4444 relapse rates derived from non-comparative trials were 17.0 +/- 1.9% (means +/- SEM, n = 7). Higher relapse rates translate into larger numbers of @entity1 at risk and in need of active therapy. These results are of biological and clinical significance. Differences in relapse must reflect beneficial effects of one group of agents on the @entity1066 diathesis or adverse effects of the comparator, @entity4444 . Each alternative reflects negatively on @entity4444 as an antiulcer medication; however, confirmation of adverse effects would force radical review of most current therapy of @entity1066 . Research into @entity1066 therapeutics must emphasise both the relapse and the healing potential of pharmacologic agents.

title: The choice of @entity1066 healing agent influences duodenal XXXX relapse rate and long-term clinical outcome.

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of high dose chemotherapy in the treatment of solid @entity5 is associated with prolonged @entity1398 and, consequently, in some @entity1 , @entity6923 . The authors describe their experience with a clinicoradiologic syndrome developing after high dose chemotherapy was administered to @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: The authors evaluated the clinical and radiologic records of 12 @entity1 in whom @entity99 , or @entity8 developed. RESULTS: Three @entity1 had positive blood cultures for @entity9841 . One of these @entity1 and two others had fungal organisms identified with special stains of an organ aspirate. Most @entity1 were asymptomatic, and most of them were treated successfully with antifungal agents, although untreated @entity1 also recovered. There were no fatalities due to the @entity7553 . CONCLUSIONS: A radiographic syndrome resembling @entity99 , or @entity8 is described, which occurred after high dose chemotherapy was administered and autologous bone marrow transplantation was performed on @entity1 with @entity0 . This syndrome has a favorable prognosis. Conclusions as to the more indolent nature of this syndrome cannot be made; however, this topic warrants further investigation.

title: A radiologic syndrome after high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation, with clinical and pathologic features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9841 :: ('5482', 'Species') :: ['candida tropicalis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['systemic candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic, splenic']

answer: @entity6923 :: (MESH:C536777,Disease) :: ['systemic candidiasis']


abstract: NORs are the loops of DNA that contain the sites of ribosomal genes around which the nucleolus is formed during telophase of mitosis. In light microscopy they can be visualized by simple @entity575 staining technique as small dark dots within the nucleus. It has been recognized that in many @entity5 , especially malignant AgNORs are more numerous and often atypical when compared with @entity5 and normal tissue. We have introduced this novel technique to the fine needle cytology of @entity259 (n = 56). We have analyzed the number, the area of AgNORs, the number of clustered AgNORs in the nucleus and the ratio of AgNOR area to the nuclear area and the area of single AgNOR by means of semiautomatic computerized image analysis. We have studied cytological samples consisting of 7 simple goiters, 7 @entity1373 , 15 @entity652 , 7 @entity652 , 8 @entity189 , 6 @entity4937 . In this study we have demonstrated that some differences in the AgNORs value are associated with the type of @entity5 rather than with malignancy. Location of the AgNORs seems to be very typical for some types of @entity5 . For example in oxyphilic @entity5 they form single clusters in the nucleus and in @entity4937 they form at least two abundant clusters. In other proliferative lesions of the thyroid gland location of AgNORs is less typical.

title: Fine needle aspiration cytology combined with argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oxyphilic follicular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['oxyphilic follicular adenomas, 6 follicular carcinomas', 'follicular adenomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid neoplasms']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid neoplasms']


abstract: The neurosurgeon has a great deal to offer in the therapy of @entity5 . Dr. Dandy's supposition that all @entity5 could be approached by the intracranial route is certainly correct, but technical advances have made the medial and lateral approaches to the orbit more useful for most @entity5 which are confined to the orbit (22, 25). For those which involve the posterior orbit and canal and have intracranial extensions, the intracranial approach is excellent. Since Dandy's first description of the procedure in 1922, there have been 29 @entity1 reports concerning the results of transcranial canalicular decompression for non-traumatic causes. The most common diagnosis was @entity1653 (15), and other @entity5 diagnoses were @entity82 (7) and @entity2695 (2). One-third of the @entity1 were improved; one-third had vision stabilized; and one-third were made worse by surgery. Modern techniques with the @entity3178 and high speed drill have greatly improved these results. Our own experience in the decompression of 15 canals in 11 @entity1 is as follows. There were six @entity1 with @entity1653 , and two were bilateral. Three @entity1 were found to have a vascular dolichoectasis and one @entity1 had an @entity2695 , and in two @entity1 no compression was identified. Immediately postoperatively, two-thirds of the @entity1 were improved, and only one eye (representing 6.7% of the nerves decompressed) was worsened. This resulted from an attempt to totally remove an adherent @entity1653 . Long-term follow-up median 34 months has demonstrated maintenance of these gains. Eighty percent of the @entity1 have improved or remained stable. These data indicate that the procedure described can be done safely without major risk of @entity227 . The neurosurgeon should play an increasingly important role in the evaluation and therapy of posteriorly placed @entity5 and unexplained @entity1781 .

title: Neurosurgical involvement in XXXX of the orbit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orbital tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscope']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['sheath meningioma', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['compressive optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Previous studies in gerbils have shown that cytoskeletal disruption and a loss of the dendritic microtubule-associated protein, @entity19744 , may occur after short periods of transient global @entity63 . tau, a predominantly axonal microtubule-associated protein, has not been examined following @entity63 . We compared neuronal damage with alterations in @entity19744 , tau, and 72-kD @entity19514 ( @entity34445 ) immunostaining at various reperfusion times following 20 min of @entity63 in the @entity35 four-vessel occlusion model. tau accumulated in neuronal cell bodies throughout the hippocampal formation 30 min to 2 h after the @entity63 insult. Perikaryal tau immunostaining was transient in most regions, but persisted in polymorphic hilar neurons. This was accompanied by a loss of immunostaining in the target of many hilar neurons, the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The same neuronal populations that exhibited increased tau immunostaining of perikarya later displayed an induction of @entity34445 immunoreactivity. In contrast, loss of @entity19744 immunostaining was not consistently observed before @entity528 and did not correspond to @entity34445 induction. The altered tau immunostaining is not the direct result of excitotoxic insult, as intrahippocampal injection of @entity4176 did not cause the somal accumulation of tau, but did cause disruption of @entity19744 immunostaining. Taken together, the results suggest that the somal accumulation of tau is an early, sensitive, and selective marker of @entity63 insult.

title: Alterations in tau immunostaining in the XXXX hippocampus following transient cerebral ischemia.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evaluation of myocardial function is clinically challenging in @entity235 with @entity179 ( @entity179 ). Although @entity296 is caused by pathologic degeneration, histopathologic progression is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: To characterize myocardial and pulmonary pathologic changes according to severity in @entity235 with naturally occurring @entity179 , and to investigate whether or not pathologic degeneration is reflected by traditional clinical indices. ANIMALS: One hundred and seventeen @entity235 with naturally occurring @entity179 . METHODS: Prospective observational study. Biopsied left atrium (LA), left ventricle (LV), and lung were evaluated histologically, and an attempt was made to correlate pathologic findings with clinical indices. RESULTS: Severe myocardial changes were observed in all International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council classes. In the lung, @entity712 cell levels were significantly increased in class III @entity1 (P  <  .0001). In a paired comparison, the LA showed significantly more severe degeneration than the LV, including myocardial fatty replacement, immune cell infiltration, and interstitial @entity82 (P  <  .0001). In contrast, myocardial cells were more hypertrophied in the LV than in the LA (P  <  .0001). Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd) was associated with fatty replacement (P  =  .033, R(2)   =  0.584) and myocardial vacuolization (P  =  .003, R(2)   =  0.588) in the LA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In @entity179 , although severe pathologic changes may be evident even in early stages, there may be pathologic discrepancy between the LA and the LV. @entity296 may be reflected by clinical indices such as LVEDd and EF.

title: Pathologic Manifestations on Surgical Biopsy and Their Correlation with Clinical Indices in XXXX with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial degeneration', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['DMVD', 'degenerative mitral valve disease']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Dogs']


abstract: @entity5753 and @entity3413 are the 2 best-known members of the class of hypolipidaemic agents known as @entity8444 inhibitors. Clinical experience with @entity5753 includes over 5000 @entity1 , 700 of whom have been treated for 2 years or more, and experience with @entity3413 includes over 3500 @entity1 , of whom 350 have been treated for 18 months or more. @entity5753 has been marketed in the United States for over 6 months. Both agents show substantial clinical efficacy, with reductions in total @entity165 of over 30% and in LDL- @entity165 of 40% in clinical studies. Modest increases in HDL- @entity165 levels of about 10% are also reported. Clinical tolerability of both agents has been good, with fewer than 3% of @entity1 withdrawn from treatment because of clinical adverse experiences. Ophthalmological examinations in over 1100 @entity1 treated with one or the other agent have revealed no evidence of significant short term (up to 2 years) cataractogenic potential. One to 2% of @entity1 have elevations of serum transaminases to greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal. These episodes are asymptomatic and reversible when therapy is discontinued. Minor elevations of @entity908 kinase levels are reported in about 5% of @entity1 . @entity121 , associated in some cases with @entity9958 , and in 2 cases with transient @entity177 , has been rarely reported with @entity5753 , especially in @entity1 concomitantly treated with @entity205 , @entity8445 or @entity1670 . @entity5753 and @entity3413 are both effective and well-tolerated agents for lowering elevated levels of serum @entity165 . As wider use confirms their safety profile, they will gain increasing importance in the therapeutic approach to hypercholesterolaemia and its consequences.

title: XXXX inhibitors. Current clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity8444 :: ('3156', 'Gene') :: ['HMG CoA reductase']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity9958 :: ('MESH:D009212', 'Disease') :: ['myoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Myopathy']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['gemfibrozil']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity8444 :: (3156,Gene) :: ['HMG CoA reductase']


abstract: To examine developmental changes in the LH response to @entity172 , eight neonatally ovariectomized monkeys received repeated injections (sc) of 50 micrograms/kg @entity4520 (EB) at approximately 4-month intervals starting at age 8-12 months and ending at 49-52 months. Serum samples were obtained 24 before and 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 94, 108, and 120 h after each EB injection. Serum LH and @entity53 levels were measured by RIA. The baseline LH level before EB injection during the prepubertal period (greater than 20 months of age) was 14.4 +/- 2.2 ng/ml, and it increased progressively to 115.3 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 41-44 months, the age shortly before the first ovulation in our intact colony animals, then declined slightly. EB first induced a typical LH response, which consisted of a negative phase (suppression) followed by a positive phase (surge), at the average age of 29.3 +/- 1.9 months (n = 8). This is similar to the age of menarche in our colony animals. The baseline LH level before EB injection at the time of the first typical response (with negative and positive phases) was 36.7 +/- 6.7 ng/ml, a level 2.5 times higher than that of the prepubertal age. The magnitude of LH suppression by EB was significantly correlated with the baseline level of LH; the higher the baseline LH before EB injection, the greater the degree of LH decrease (r = 0.968; P less than 0.001). Similarly, the amplitude of the LH peak from the trough of the negative phase was significantly correlated with the baseline LH; the higher the LH level before EB injection, the higher the LH increase (r = 0.863; P less than 0.001). The latency to the LH peak was shortest when baseline LH was highest; the peak latency (34.4 +/- 1.6 h) of the LH surge at 41-44 months of age was significantly shorter than the latency (46.5 +/- 2.7 h) of the first LH response occurring at 29.3 +/- 1.9 months of age (P less than 0.001). Finally, the pattern of circulating levels of @entity53 after EB injection did not differ across the developmental stages examined. These results are interpreted to mean that an increase in LH release, presumably LHRH release, starts at the onset of puberty and continues until the age of first ovulation, and that the levels of LHRH release during the pubertal period may determine the effectiveness of @entity172 on the LH surge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Developmental changes in the positive feedback effect of XXXX on luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate femoral head bone viability following free vascularized fibular grafting (FVFG) for @entity2530 using SPECT/CT imaging. METHODS: Ten hips (9 @entity1 ) with @entity2530 of the femoral head (ONFH) undergoing FVFG were prospectively enrolled. Four cases showed ARCO stage II, while six showed ARCO stage III. The mean age at surgery was 15.7 years (range, 13-22 years). Hip Harris Score (HHS) was measured pre- and post-operative. Bone scintigraphy with SPECT/CT was performed at 2 weeks and 6 months following surgery. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 4.0 years (range, 2-5.9 years). Mean HHS increased from 37.2 to 92.3. SPECT/CT findings revealed a progressive increase of femoral head uptake in all cases, suggesting subchondral graft bone viability. No progressive @entity85 was evidenced in radiographic evaluation at final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates FVFG's capacity for revitalizing femoral head subchondral bone grafting in @entity1 with ONFH, surgically treated following Urbaniak's technique.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2015.

title: Femoral head bone viability after free vascularized fibular grafting for XXXX : SPECT/CT study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformation of the femoral head']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: The contractile effects of @entity9666 , @entity972 , @entity934 and @entity2710 were studied in jejunum of 4, 12 and 20 month-old @entity35 . The effects of age on the sensitivity and responsiveness of the jejunum to the agonists were examined using cumulative dose administration and measuring the pD2. The maximum contraction produced by the agonists and the sensitivity to barium and @entity972 were not modified by aging. In the middle-aged animals, the jejunum sensitivity to @entity934 decreased while the sensitivity to @entity2710 was not statistically different from that of 4 month-old @entity35 . Since at this age (12 months) the @entity4833 activity increased, the reduction in the sensitivity to @entity934 could have been due to the increase in the activity of the metabolizing enzyme. Otherwise, in the jejunum from the older animals the sensitivity for both cholinoceptor agonists, @entity934 and @entity2710 , increased 5-fold when compared with the middle-aged animals. However, compared with the jejunum of 4 month-old @entity35 the sensitivity to @entity934 , to 20 month-old animals, was not altered while the sensitivity to @entity2710 was increased. At this age (20 months), the jejunum @entity4833 activity was increased when compared with that of 4 month-old @entity35 and was not modified when compared with that of 12 month-old @entity35 . The change in supersensitivity to cholinoceptor agonists could not have been due to an alteration in muscarinic receptor affinity, since the pA2 for @entity3897 was not modified with increasing age. These results suggest that after an increase in @entity4833 activity around month 12, the jejunum develops an adaptative supersensitivity to cholinoceptor agonists.

title: Age-related changes in the reactivity of the XXXX jejunum to cholinoceptor agonists.

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-beta-methylcholine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The management of @entity309 can be challenging even to the most experienced and astute physician. The rheumatoid inflammatory process can be profound, ravaging, and unremitting, and the illness is notorious for its protean manifestations and capricious course. Moreover, the response to therapy is unpredictable, although it can be quite successful in many cases. Nevertheless, the intense @entity158 , profound disability, progressive destructive @entity2720 , and negative psychological milieu that haunt @entity1 demand that something be done therapeutically. @entity309 responds best to a symphony of therapeutic modalities including drugs, rehabilitation, joint surgery, and attention to psychosocial issues. The foundation of any successful therapeutic venture is an educational program designed, however simply, to imbue the @entity1 and family with an understanding of the disease and its course and treatment, and with realistic expectations. Drug therapy is often polypharmaceutical, employing analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, both local and systemic corticosteroids, and remission-inducing drugs. Pacing of lifestyle, physical and/or occupational therapy, vocational guidance, psychological and sexual counseling, and social intervention are as much a part of modern management in @entity309 as are drugs. The extra-articular (systemic) manifestations are addressed in a variety of ways depending upon the type and severity of involvement. Although most @entity1 can be treated by their primary care physician, some may require the expertise provided by a specialist. Finally, despite the lack of a cure for @entity309 , most @entity1 respond well to treatment and return to their desired activities of daily living.

title: Modern management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2360 ( @entity2360 , MIM# 277900) is an @entity74 of @entity920 transport resulting from the defective function of a @entity920 transporting P-type ATPase. Detecting mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the @entity37824 gene in Turkish pediatric @entity2360 @entity1 (n=32) and controls (n=52) is the aim of this research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For screening mutations and SNPs of the @entity37824 gene, sequencing was performed. RESULTS: Mutations were determined in the @entity37824 gene in 23 out of the 32 pediatric @entity1 . The mutation detection rate in the @entity37824 gene of the pediatric Turkish @entity2360 @entity1 was 71.875%. Fifteen different mutations were determined in the @entity37824 gene. These mutations were distributed throughout the @entity37824 gene and were as follows: 2 deletion, 1 insertion, 3 nonsense, and 9 missense mutations. Four of these, including @entity73228 (1 deletion) and @entity73229 , @entity73230 , and @entity73231 (3 missense) mutations, were detected in the Turkish @entity2360 @entity1 . Eleven polymorphisms were detected in both groups. Among these, @entity73232 ( @entity4982 ) was reported in the @entity2360 Mutation Database by our group. Nine out of the thirty-two pediatric Turkish @entity2360 @entity1 had no mutations in the @entity37824 gene. CONCLUSION: To find the cause of @entity2360 in pediatric @entity1 who have no mutation in @entity37824 , additional research is necessary.

title: Clinical and genetic analysis of pediatric @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ['Wilson disease', 'Wilson Disease', 'WD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

answer: @entity2360 :: (MESH:D006527,Disease) :: ['Wilson disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2360 ( @entity2360 , MIM# 277900) is an @entity74 of @entity920 transport resulting from the defective function of a @entity920 transporting P-type ATPase. Detecting mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the @entity37824 gene in Turkish pediatric @entity2360 @entity1 (n=32) and controls (n=52) is the aim of this research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For screening mutations and SNPs of the @entity37824 gene, sequencing was performed. RESULTS: Mutations were determined in the @entity37824 gene in 23 out of the 32 pediatric @entity1 . The mutation detection rate in the @entity37824 gene of the pediatric Turkish @entity2360 @entity1 was 71.875%. Fifteen different mutations were determined in the @entity37824 gene. These mutations were distributed throughout the @entity37824 gene and were as follows: 2 deletion, 1 insertion, 3 nonsense, and 9 missense mutations. Four of these, including @entity73228 (1 deletion) and @entity73229 , @entity73230 , and @entity73231 (3 missense) mutations, were detected in the Turkish @entity2360 @entity1 . Eleven polymorphisms were detected in both groups. Among these, @entity73232 ( @entity4982 ) was reported in the @entity2360 Mutation Database by our group. Nine out of the thirty-two pediatric Turkish @entity2360 @entity1 had no mutations in the @entity37824 gene. CONCLUSION: To find the cause of @entity2360 in pediatric @entity1 who have no mutation in @entity37824 , additional research is necessary.

title: Clinical and genetic analysis of pediatric XXXX with @entity2360 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The erythrocyte @entity436 is a cell surface protein that binds a wide array of chemokines including @entity687 ( @entity687 ), @entity320 growth stimulating activity ( @entity2851 ), @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), and @entity5737 (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted). This protein has also been identified as the Duffy blood group antigen, a cell surface receptor for the malarial parasite @entity3965 . In the present study, we have identified a @entity436 -like binding protein in a @entity1 erythroleukemic cell line (HEL), which, based on its molecular properties, may be related to the erythrocyte @entity436 . Saturation binding studies with 125I- @entity687 revealed a single class of @entity687 binding sites in HEL cells with a KD of 7.4 +/- 1.9 nM and a receptor density of 12,818 +/- 965 binding sites/cell. In competition studies unlabeled @entity687 @entity2851 , @entity2842 , and @entity5737 were fully able to inhibit the binding of 125I- @entity687 to HEL cells. Chemical cross-linking with radiolabeled @entity687 resulted in a cross-linked species of 60 kDa in membranes from HEL cells. The labeling was specific since it was inhibited by pre-incubation with 1 microM unlabeled @entity687 or @entity2851 . A monoclonal antibody (Fy6) to the @entity1 erythrocyte Duffy blood group antigen/ @entity436 blocked the binding of @entity687 and other chemokines to the HEL cell @entity436 -like binding protein. Cell membranes from HEL cells and from erythrocyte ghosts were subjected to @entity214 -PAGE and analyzed by Western blotting with anti-Fy6. The antibody bound to a molecule with a molecular mass of 50 kDa in HEL cell membranes and 40 kDa in erythrocyte ghosts. Northern blot analysis of mRNA revealed that the HEL chemokine-binding protein hybridized to a cDNA probe to the @entity20363 .

title: Identification and characterization of a promiscuous chemokine-binding protein in a XXXX erythroleukemic cell line.

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium vivax']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity20363 :: ('2532', 'Gene') :: ['Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity436 :: ('7852', 'Gene') :: ['chemokine receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Comprehensive clinical studies of @entity1 with @entity10706 ( @entity10706 ) are lacking. We performed an international retrospective study on 490 @entity1 (age  <=18 years) with non-Down syndrome de novo @entity10706 diagnosed from 1989 to 2009. @entity1 with @entity10706 (median age 1.53 years) comprised 7.8% of @entity3052 . Five-year event-free (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 43.7%  2.7% and 49.0%  2.7%, respectively. @entity1 diagnosed in 2000-2009 were treated with higher doses of @entity2592 and had better EFS (P=0.037) and @entity1349 (P=0.003) than those diagnosed in 1989-1999, but outcomes of @entity1 diagnosed in 2000-2004 and 2005-2009 were similar. Transplantation in first remission did not improve survival. Cytogenetic data were available for 372 (75.9%) @entity1 : hypodiploid (n=18, 4.8%), normal karyotype (n=49, 13.2%), pseudodiploid (n=119, 32.0%), 47-50 chromosomes (n=142, 38.2%), and >50 chromosomes (n=44, 11.8%). @entity1017 occurred in 195 of 372 (52.4%) @entity1 : +21 (n=106, 28.5%), +19 (n=93, 25.0%), +8 (n=77, 20.7%). Losses occurred in 65 @entity1 (17.5%): -7 (n=13, 3.5%). Common structural chromosomal aberrations were t(1;22)(p13;q13) (n=51, 13.7%) and 11q23 rearrangements (n=38, 10.2%); t(9;11)(p22;q23) occurred in 21 @entity1 . On the basis of frequency and analysis for EFS and @entity1349 , @entity10706 can be classified to 3 risk groups: good risk: 7p abnormalities; poor risk: normal karyotypes, -7, 9p abnormalities including t(9;11)(p22;q23)/ @entity11626 -MLLT3, -13/13q-, and -15; and intermediate risk: others including t(1;22)(p13;q13)/OTT-MAL and 11q23/ @entity11626 except t(9;11). Risk-based innovative therapy is needed to improve @entity1 outcomes.

title: Heterogeneous cytogenetic subgroups and outcomes in childhood XXXX : a retrospective international study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric AML']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosome gain']

entities_list: @entity10706 :: ('MESH:D007947', 'Disease') :: ['AMKL', 'acute megakaryoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity10706 :: (MESH:D007947,Disease) :: ['acute megakaryoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Histologic subtypes of classical @entity978 [cHL; e.g., @entity4383 , mixed cellularity, @entity2433 ( @entity2433 )] are epidemiologically and prognostically distinctive. Therefore, unexplained, ongoing incidence rate declines for mixed cellularity and increases for @entity2433 require examination. METHODS: We analyzed detailed histology-specific @entity978 incidence rates in 1992 through 2011 U.S. SEER data (n = 21,372) and reviewed a regional subset of 2007 through 2011 @entity2433 pathology reports for insight into diagnostic practices. RESULTS: cHL rates were stable until 2007, then decreased for whites [annual percent change (APC) and 95% confidence interval (CI), -3.6% (-5.6% to -1.5%)]. @entity4383 rates declined after 2007 by 5.9% annually, with variation by gender, age, and race/ethnicity. In 1992 through 2011, mixed cellularity rates declined [ @entity71240 .0% (-4.7% to -3.3%)], whereas @entity2433 rates rose [5.3% (4.5%-6.2%)] overall and in most @entity1 groups. The 2007-2011 @entity2433 age-specific rates were more similar to mixed cellularity rates for 1992-1996 than 2007-2011. Trends in combined rates were minimal, supporting increasing misclassification of mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depletion, and specific @entity4383 subtypes as @entity2433 . Eighty-eight of 165 reviewed @entity2433 pathology reports addressed classification choice. Twenty (12.1%) justified the classification, 21 (12.7%) described insufficient biopsy material, and coders missed specific subtype information for 27 (16.4%). CONCLUSION: Recent @entity4383 rate declines largely represent true incidence changes. Long-term rate decreases for mixed cellularity and other less common subtypes, and increases for @entity2433 (comprising    30% of cHL cases in 2011), likely reflect changes in diagnostic and/or classification practice. IMPACT: Diminishing histologic subtyping undermines future surveillance and epidemiologic study of @entity978 . Guideline-based use of excisional biopsies and more coding quality control are warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1-15.   2015 AACR.

title: Time Trends in Rates of XXXX Histologic Subtypes: True Incidence Changes or Evolving Diagnostic Practice?

entities_list: @entity2433 :: ('MESH:C536665', 'Disease') :: ['not otherwise specified', 'NOS']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['Nodular sclerosis', 'nodular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin Lymphoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: Correct assessment of @entity5 stage is crucial for @entity263 ( @entity263 ) management. OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for local @entity263 staging and explore the influence of different imaging protocols. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from 2000 up to August 2014. We included studies that used MRI for detection of extracapsular extension (ECE; T3a), @entity3 ( @entity3 ; T3b), or overall stage T3 @entity263 , with prostatectomy as the reference standard. Methodologic quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool by two independent reviewers. Data necessary to complete 2*2 tables were obtained, and @entity1 , study, and imaging characteristics were extracted. Accuracy was reported for the most experienced or first reader. Results were pooled and plotted in summary receiver operating characteristics plots. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: A total of 75 studies (9796 @entity1 ) could be analysed. Pooled data for ECE (45 studies, 5681 @entity1 ), @entity3 (34 studies, 5677 @entity1 ), and overall stage T3 detection (38 studies, 4001 @entity1 ) showed sensitivity and specificity of 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.64) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.88-0.93), 0.58 (95% CI 0.47-0.68) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.95-0.97), and 0.61 (95% CI 0.54-0.67) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.85-0.91), respectively. Functional imaging in addition to T2-weighted imaging and use of higher field strengths (3 T) improved sensitivity for ECE and @entity3 . ECE sensitivity was not improved by endorectal coil use. CONCLUSIONS: MRI has high specificity but poor and heterogeneous sensitivity for local @entity263 staging. An endorectal coil showed no additional benefit for ECE detection, but slightly improved sensitivity for @entity3 detection. Higher field strengths and the use of functional imaging techniques can slightly improve sensitivity. @entity1 SUMMARY: We pooled the results from all previous studies that evaluated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detection of @entity5 growth outside the prostate. MRI is not sensitive enough to find all @entity5 with extraprostatic growth.

title: Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Local Staging of XXXX : A Diagnostic Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['seminal vesicle invasion', 'SVI']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few epidemiological studies exist on food-associated symptoms and @entity566 in large unselected @entity1 populations. AIMS: To describe the design, methods and participation rate of the South Karelian Allergy Research Project (SKARP), a population-based epidemiological study on food-associated symptoms and physician-diagnosed @entity5419 . METHODS: The study population of 5,973 @entity1 born between 2001 and 2006 and resident in the province of South Karelia, Finland, was identified from the nationwide population register. The parents received a questionnaire to be returned at their @entity1 's annual visit to the @entity1 health clinic, where supplementary interviews were performed. Results of @entity566 tests (skin prick tests, immunoglobulin E antibodies and open food challenges) performed on @entity1 and non- @entity1 were collected from the relevant health care units in the area. RESULTS: Participation rates in the questionnaire study were 54% (644/1,194) among the parents of neonates and 69% (3308/4,779) among those of the @entity1 aged 1 to 4 years. Cooperation with the @entity1 health clinics and mailing of a reminder questionnaire improved participation by 8 and 10 percentage points, respectively. The final participation rate seemed to be unaffected by whether the @entity1 had or had not been tested for suspected @entity566 . CONCLUSIONS: A reasonably good participation rate and almost complete coverage of @entity566 tests were achieved thanks to successful cooperation with the @entity1 health clinics and test laboratories. This baseline study forms a representative database to estimate the occurrence of food-associated symptoms, physician-diagnosed @entity5419 and @entity566 testing in the general population.

title: SKARP--A population-based cohort study of childhood food-associated symptoms perceived by parents and XXXX diagnosed by physicians: design, methods and participation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergies']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergies']


abstract: OmpA protein of @entity526 outer membrane can produce diffusion channels when reconstituted into proteoliposomes (Sugawara, E., and Nikaido, H. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 2507-2511). The pore size is similar to that of the classical @entity526 porins OmpF and OmpC, but the penetration rates of small solutes through the OmpA channel are about 50 times slower than that through the OmpF channel. Here we examined the possibility that only a small fraction of the OmpA molecules produces open channels. Unilamellar proteoliposomes were made so that each vesicle contained only a small number of OmpA molecules. These vesicles, containing 0.3 M @entity1133 within, were fractionated on a linear iso-osmolar density gradient made of @entity1133 and @entity969 . This resulted in the clear separation of vesicles not containing any open channel, staying on top of the gradient, from those containing at least one open channel, sedimenting close to the bottom. Calculation using Poisson distribution indicated that only between 2 and 3% of the OmpA molecules contained open channel. The open form is estimated to allow the diffusion of @entity4583 at a rate comparable with that through the OmpF porin channel. The open and closed states were relatively stable properties of the protein. Denaturation of open form OmpA and its subsequent renaturation converted it into a nonfunctional or closed form, suggesting that the open and closed forms represent two alternative conformers of this protein.

title: OmpA protein of XXXX outer membrane occurs in open and closed channel forms.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arabinose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Delayed @entity2806 (DCI) is an important complication after @entity510 and appears to be associated with clot burden on CT. Quantification of @entity548 on digitized images may be a more accurate method for predicting DCI than qualitative scales. METHODS: Quantitative analysis of clot burden on CT was performed in 160 @entity510 @entity1 who were scanned within 24 hours from the symptom onset between June 25, 2005 and July 19, 2009. Cisternal plus intraventricular @entity548 volumes (CIHV) were classified into quartiles to evaluate their association with DCI. DCI was defined as @entity16 or @entity385 , or both attributable to @entity2553 . RESULTS: DCI occurred in 25% of the @entity1 included (age, 55.4  14.5; male, 36.3%). Compared to the lowest quartile of CIHV (<9.6 mL), the higher quartile (9.6 mL-16.5 mL, 16.5 mL-31.0 mL, and >= 31.0 mL) was associated with a greater risk of DCI (odds ratio, 2.6, 4.1, and 6.1, respectively; P=0.01). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that quantitative CIHV performed equivalently to the modified Fisher scale. @entity1 who had DCI develop in a specific vascular territory had higher amounts of blood volume in the corresponding cisterns. @entity1 in the highest quartile of CIHV also had a higher risk of @entity204 or severe disability at 3 months (71%) compared to other groups (23%, 19%, and 40% for first, second, and third quartiles, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CIHV is a reasonable predictor for DCI and 3-month functional outcome in @entity510 @entity1 .

title: Quantitative analysis of @entity548 volume for predicting delayed XXXX after @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Delayed @entity2806 (DCI) is an important complication after @entity510 and appears to be associated with clot burden on CT. Quantification of @entity548 on digitized images may be a more accurate method for predicting DCI than qualitative scales. METHODS: Quantitative analysis of clot burden on CT was performed in 160 @entity510 @entity1 who were scanned within 24 hours from the symptom onset between June 25, 2005 and July 19, 2009. Cisternal plus intraventricular @entity548 volumes (CIHV) were classified into quartiles to evaluate their association with DCI. DCI was defined as @entity16 or @entity385 , or both attributable to @entity2553 . RESULTS: DCI occurred in 25% of the @entity1 included (age, 55.4  14.5; male, 36.3%). Compared to the lowest quartile of CIHV (<9.6 mL), the higher quartile (9.6 mL-16.5 mL, 16.5 mL-31.0 mL, and >= 31.0 mL) was associated with a greater risk of DCI (odds ratio, 2.6, 4.1, and 6.1, respectively; P=0.01). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that quantitative CIHV performed equivalently to the modified Fisher scale. @entity1 who had DCI develop in a specific vascular territory had higher amounts of blood volume in the corresponding cisterns. @entity1 in the highest quartile of CIHV also had a higher risk of @entity204 or severe disability at 3 months (71%) compared to other groups (23%, 19%, and 40% for first, second, and third quartiles, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CIHV is a reasonable predictor for DCI and 3-month functional outcome in @entity510 @entity1 .

title: Quantitative analysis of XXXX volume for predicting delayed @entity2806 after @entity510 .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Delayed @entity2806 (DCI) is an important complication after @entity510 and appears to be associated with clot burden on CT. Quantification of @entity548 on digitized images may be a more accurate method for predicting DCI than qualitative scales. METHODS: Quantitative analysis of clot burden on CT was performed in 160 @entity510 @entity1 who were scanned within 24 hours from the symptom onset between June 25, 2005 and July 19, 2009. Cisternal plus intraventricular @entity548 volumes (CIHV) were classified into quartiles to evaluate their association with DCI. DCI was defined as @entity16 or @entity385 , or both attributable to @entity2553 . RESULTS: DCI occurred in 25% of the @entity1 included (age, 55.4  14.5; male, 36.3%). Compared to the lowest quartile of CIHV (<9.6 mL), the higher quartile (9.6 mL-16.5 mL, 16.5 mL-31.0 mL, and >= 31.0 mL) was associated with a greater risk of DCI (odds ratio, 2.6, 4.1, and 6.1, respectively; P=0.01). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that quantitative CIHV performed equivalently to the modified Fisher scale. @entity1 who had DCI develop in a specific vascular territory had higher amounts of blood volume in the corresponding cisterns. @entity1 in the highest quartile of CIHV also had a higher risk of @entity204 or severe disability at 3 months (71%) compared to other groups (23%, 19%, and 40% for first, second, and third quartiles, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CIHV is a reasonable predictor for DCI and 3-month functional outcome in @entity510 @entity1 .

title: Quantitative analysis of @entity548 volume for predicting delayed @entity2806 after XXXX .

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate that isolated posterior cruciate @entity130 demonstrate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical evidence of healing when treated nonoperatively; however, the authors are unaware of any other study that has looked at whether initial MRI can predict posterior cruciate ligament stability at the time of surgery in @entity1 with @entity3031 . HYPOTHESIS: An MRI grading system will predict laxity on posterior drawer testing at the time of surgery in @entity1 with @entity3031 . STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: Forty-two consecutive @entity1 with @entity3031 or multiple-ligament knee injury evaluated by MRI were included in the study. An assignment of grade 0 (intact), grade I (injured/fibers intact), grade II (partial tearing of ligament), or grade III (complete tear) was made after each reading on 2 separate occasions by 3 surgeons. Posterior laxity of the knee was graded by the magnitude of excursion on the posterior drawer test by the senior author at the time of surgery. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the MRI grading scheme expressed by the kappa statistic k, as well as the predictive value of MRI grade in determining stability of the posterior cruciate ligament at the time of surgery, was assessed. RESULTS: The posterior cruciate @entity130 grading scheme tested demonstrated moderate to substantial intraobserver agreement (k = 0.66, k = 0.53, and k = 0.52, respectively, for all raters). Interobserver reliability demonstrated only moderate agreement (k = 0.49). If the grading scheme was changed to group both grades 0 and I (intact) and grades II and III (disrupted), intraobserver reliability demonstrated substantial to almost perfect agreement (k = 0.83, k = 0.80, and k = 0.75), and interobserver reliability demonstrated substantial agreement (k = 0.70). If the posterior cruciate ligament was classified as intact (grade 0 [intact] or grade I [injured]) on initial MRI, the injured knee was judged clinically stable (tibia anterior to or flush with the femoral condyles on posterior drawer testing) at the time of surgery 98.5% (95% confidence interval, 93%-100%) of the time. When the posterior cruciate ligament was classified as disrupted (grade II [partial tear] or grade III [complete tear]), the injured knee was judged unstable (tibia posterior to the femoral condyles on posterior drawer testing) 57.5% (95% confidence interval, 40%-73%) of the time. CONCLUSION: The presented system of grading posterior cruciate @entity130 in @entity1 with @entity3031 on initial MRI demonstrates moderate to substantial interobserver and intraobserver reliability that increases if the grading scheme is modified. An initial MRI scan read as grade I may predict stability to posterior drawer at the time of surgery. Even with MRI evidence of disruption in the posterior cruciate ligament (grade II and @entity130 ), posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may not be clinically indicated at the time of reconstruction and/or repair of other associated injuries.

title: Can magnetic resonance imaging predict posterior drawer laxity at the time of surgery in @entity1 with XXXX or multiple-ligament knee injury?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3031 :: ('MESH:D031221', 'Disease') :: ['knee dislocations', 'knee dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injury', 'grade III injuries', 'ligament injuries']

answer: @entity3031 :: (MESH:D031221,Disease) :: ['knee dislocation']