abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity72560 ( @entity27 ) and to determine the efficacy of the equipment used in the treatment of this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 38 @entity1 with @entity27 used the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device (Group 1) and 32 @entity1 with @entity27 refused CPAP device (Group 2). Thirty-six @entity1 did not have @entity27 (Group 3). RESULTS @entity1 age, gender, height, weight, and neck circumference did not differ among groups (p>0.05); and the @entity27 index (AHI) and respiratory disturbance index (RDI) values did not differ between Groups 1 and 2 (p>0.05). Vision and pachymetric values did not differ among groups (p>0.05). The IOP was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p<0.05) but did not differ between Groups 1 and 3 (p>0.05). The fundus C/D ratio was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Group 2 than in the other groups but did not differ between Groups 1 and 3 (p>0.05). In Group 1, 2, and 3, 5.2%, 12.5%, and 0%, respectively, of @entity1 had @entity726 . CONCLUSIONS @entity27 should be considered a significant risk factor for @entity726 . Eye tests may help to identify individuals with undiagnosed @entity27 , and such testing of @entity1 with diagnosed @entity27 may allow early detection of @entity726 and referral of such @entity1 for CPAP therapy to prevent development of complications.

title: Effects of Use of a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Device on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity72560 :: ('MESH:C564232', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'apnea-hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: The study had two primary objectives. The first was to determine whether @entity25 results in a preference for tasks demanding minimal effort. The second was to evaluate the quality of performance when @entity1 , under conditions of @entity25 , have control over task demands. In experiment 1, using a repeated-measures design, 50 undergraduate college students were evaluated, following one night of no @entity25 and one night of @entity25 . The Math Effort Task (MET) presented addition problems via computer. @entity1 were able to select additions at one of five levels of difficulty. Less-demanding problems were selected and more additions were solved correctly when the @entity1 were subject to @entity25 . In experiment 2, 58 undergraduate college students were randomly assigned to a no @entity1949 or a @entity1949 condition. Sleep-deprived @entity1 selected less-demanding problems on the MET. Percentage correct on the MET was equivalent for both the non-sleep-deprived and sleep-deprived groups. On a task selection question, the sleep-deprived @entity1 also selected significantly less-demanding non-academic tasks. Increased @entity25 , @entity1295 , and reaction time were associated with the selection of less difficult tasks. Both groups of @entity1 reported equivalent effort expenditures; sleep-deprived @entity1 did not perceive a reduction in effort. These studies demonstrate that @entity25 results in the choice of low-effort behavior that helps maintain accurate responding.

title: The effect of XXXX on next day effort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'sleep loss']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wheelchairs provide individuals with @entity73 opportunity for independent living within their environment. However, using this device may have psychosocial impacts with consequent influence on the quality of life of the users. The psychosocial impact of wheelchair usage among individuals with @entity717 in a Nigerian community was investigated. METHODS: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey. @entity1 who have been independent users of wheelchair for a minimum of six months prior to the study were recruited from centres for @entity1 with disabilities in Ibadan, Nigeria into the study. A profile of their use of the device was documented and the psychosocial impact of wheelchair was assessed using the Psychosocial Impact ofAssistive Devices Scale. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at p = 0.05. RESULTS: Sixty consenting individuals with @entity717 participated in this study. Their mean age was 38.7 +/- 14.1 years. Majority (90%) were manual wheelchair users and two-thirds (63.3%) had been using the wheelchair for < or = five years. Approximately a third of the @entity1 use their wheelchairs occasionally. There was no significant difference (p=0.26) in the psychosocial impact of wheelchair usage between male and female users. CONCLUSION: The psychosocial impact of wheelchair was similar between male and female users. However, the impact was higher on the self-esteem of male than female users and lower on their competence than that of their female counterparts. This may be due to stigmatization or a culturally-related unwillingness of @entity1 in our environment to be dependent on others.

title: Psychosocial impact of wheelchair usage on individuals with XXXX in Ibadan, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mobility impairments']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mobility disability']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['mobility disability']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the presence of @entity2232 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from @entity1 with @entity2521 , and the expression of endothelins (ETs) and their receptors mRNA in cultured cells from @entity1 periodontal tissues. BACKGROUND: ET was originally discovered as a potent vasoconstrictive peptide from endothelial cells. It has been reported that ETs are produced by various cells besides endothelial cells. ETs are related to inflammatory and @entity75 , such as @entity8994 and @entity1575 . Therefore, ETs may be involved in @entity2520 . However, the roles of ETs in development and progression of @entity2520 are not clear. METHODS: @entity2232 released from the cultured cells was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA expressions for ETs and their receptors were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blotting analysis. RESULTS: @entity2232 levels in GCF from @entity1 with @entity2521 were higher than those from healthy subjects. @entity1 gingival keratinocytes (HGK) expressed mRNA for ETs and their receptors, @entity2231 and @entity1627 . @entity2232 mRNA expression and @entity2232 peptide production from HGK were enhanced by interleukin-1beta and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity2232 plays a significant role in @entity2520 .

title: Expression of endothelins and their receptors in cells from XXXX periodontal tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity8994 :: ('MESH:D050379', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity1082 is related to @entity5 . Ribozyme is special kind of RNA that can cleave target RNA. The aim of this study was to investigate the characterization of the @entity5 cell line transfected with anti-HPV16E6-ribozyme (HRz) and the effect of ribozyme on proliferation and apoptosis of @entity5 cell. METHODS: Ribozyme targeted on @entity1799 E6 mRNA was designed using computer. With the method of lipofectin transfection, the anti-HPV16E6- ribozyme and empty eucaryotic expressing plasmids were transfected into the CaSKi cells, which named as CaSKi-R and CaSKi-P, respectively. The expression of E6 mRNA in the three kinds of cells was examined by Northern blot analysis. Cell cycle was determined using flow cytometry. Cell apoptosis rate was examined using fluorescent (Hoechst) staining and TUNEL (TDT-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling). The expression of certain proteins, including @entity1799 E6, @entity517 , @entity588 , @entity876 , and Fas, were also determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS: RNA dot blot analysis demonstrated that HRz mRNA expressed stably in the CaSKi-R cells. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of E6 mRNA was much lower in the CaSKi-R cells than that in the CaSKi cells, while there was no difference of E6 mRNA levels between the CaSKi cells and the CaSKi-P cells. The apoptosis rate in the CaSKi-R cells was much higher than that in the CaSKi cells and the CaSKi-P cells. The cell cycle was arrested in G2 phase, with decrease in percentage of S phase cells. Anti-HPV16E6-ribozyme can significantly reduce the expression of E6, @entity517 , and @entity588 genes in the CaSKi-R cells, and increase the expression of @entity876 compared with that in Caski cells. This phenomenon was not found in the CaSKi-P cells. The expression of Fas was similar in the three kinds of cells. CONCLUSION: Ribozyme targeted on HPVE6 mRNA can induce apoptosis of @entity1 @entity5 CaSKi cells. The reason may be the decrease of expression of E6 gene, and the successive changes of expression of some genes, including @entity517 , @entity588 , and @entity876 genes.

title: Ribozyme targeted on XXXX E6 mRNA induced apoptosis on @entity1 cervical carcinoma CaSKi cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'cultured cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['HPV16']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity1082 is related to @entity5 . Ribozyme is special kind of RNA that can cleave target RNA. The aim of this study was to investigate the characterization of the @entity5 cell line transfected with anti-HPV16E6-ribozyme (HRz) and the effect of ribozyme on proliferation and apoptosis of @entity5 cell. METHODS: Ribozyme targeted on @entity1799 E6 mRNA was designed using computer. With the method of lipofectin transfection, the anti-HPV16E6- ribozyme and empty eucaryotic expressing plasmids were transfected into the CaSKi cells, which named as CaSKi-R and CaSKi-P, respectively. The expression of E6 mRNA in the three kinds of cells was examined by Northern blot analysis. Cell cycle was determined using flow cytometry. Cell apoptosis rate was examined using fluorescent (Hoechst) staining and TUNEL (TDT-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling). The expression of certain proteins, including @entity1799 E6, @entity517 , @entity588 , @entity876 , and Fas, were also determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS: RNA dot blot analysis demonstrated that HRz mRNA expressed stably in the CaSKi-R cells. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of E6 mRNA was much lower in the CaSKi-R cells than that in the CaSKi cells, while there was no difference of E6 mRNA levels between the CaSKi cells and the CaSKi-P cells. The apoptosis rate in the CaSKi-R cells was much higher than that in the CaSKi cells and the CaSKi-P cells. The cell cycle was arrested in G2 phase, with decrease in percentage of S phase cells. Anti-HPV16E6-ribozyme can significantly reduce the expression of E6, @entity517 , and @entity588 genes in the CaSKi-R cells, and increase the expression of @entity876 compared with that in Caski cells. This phenomenon was not found in the CaSKi-P cells. The expression of Fas was similar in the three kinds of cells. CONCLUSION: Ribozyme targeted on HPVE6 mRNA can induce apoptosis of @entity1 @entity5 CaSKi cells. The reason may be the decrease of expression of E6 gene, and the successive changes of expression of some genes, including @entity517 , @entity588 , and @entity876 genes.

title: Ribozyme targeted on @entity1799 E6 mRNA induced apoptosis on XXXX cervical carcinoma CaSKi cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To minimize the side-effects of circulatory arrest times and profound @entity2332 in @entity1 undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) for @entity120 ( @entity120 ). METHODS: Between March 2000 and June 2002, 30 @entity1 (in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV) were operated for @entity120 using our modified technique. It includes moderate hypothermic (28-32 degrees C), total cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and simultaneous selective antegrade cerebral perfusion and occlusion of the bronchial arteries by introducing an occlusive balloon catheter into the descending aorta. The preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance in the cohort was 873+/-248dynes/s/cm(-5). RESULTS: Mean total CPB, cross-clamp times and duration of anterograde cerebral perfusion were 132+/-40, 98+/-21 and 21+/-10min, respectively. Mean core temperature 29.5+/-1.9 degrees C. The duration of postoperative mechanical ventilatory support was 34+/-44h and the mean stay in the ICU was 5+/-9 days. Seven @entity1 had mild to moderate lung reperfusion injury, one transient @entity51 . Three @entity1 (10%) died during their hospital stay, two for @entity177 and one for persistent @entity120 . All @entity1 had a significant pulmonary hemodynamic improvement and all achieved NYHA class I (P<0.01) status 4 weeks after discharge, remaining stable at a median follow-up time of 16 months (range, 1-29 months) postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: These technical advances improve neurological outcome, control back-bleeding from bronchial arteries and avoid prolonged rewarming phases in @entity1 undergoing PTE.

title: Technical advances of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension', 'CTEPH']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Blunt traumatic rupture of the innominate artery is uncommon. We reviewed our experience to correlate the impact of @entity1 stability, presence of associated @entity130 and location of the @entity1317 with outcome. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of @entity1 admitted between January 1, 1998 and December 17, 2002 with traumatic innominate @entity397 . Injuries were defined as proximal if they were <or=0.5cm from the origin, distal if <or=0.5cm from the bifurcation and middle if in between. RESULTS: Over the 5-year study period, 66 @entity1 were admitted with aortic or great @entity130 , including eight with blunt innominate artery disruption. Of the blunt innominate @entity130 , six involved the origin (five repaired by ascending aortic-innominate artery graft followed by over-sewing of the injury site, one by ligation alone), one middle (treated by interposition graft) and one distal (managed with resection and primary @entity254 ). Four of the @entity1 with proximal @entity130 had evidence of active @entity548 (large expanding @entity548 ) requiring control of the injury site prior to reconstruction. All @entity1 had associated @entity130 (including closed @entity542 in three and @entity9440 in two). The only mortality occurred in a @entity1 who presented in shock, and suffered @entity397 and severe blunt @entity299 requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. The remaining @entity1 were stable on presentation. Diagnosis was suspected after chest X-ray demonstrated widened @entity6830 and was confirmed with either angiography or computer tomography scan. There were no complications in the survivors. Neither cardiopulmonary bypass nor aorto-carotid shunting was utilized in these cases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with blunt innominate @entity397 who survive to admission are usually stable and the diagnosis is suggested by initial chest radiograph. The @entity130 are usually proximal, requiring aortic-distal innominate bypass. Cardiopulmonary bypass is required only if there is evidence of @entity712 (either before or after partial occlusion of the aorta) or to manage specific associated @entity130 .

title: XXXX of the innominate artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hematoma and/or frank bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['artery rupture', 'tracheal rupture']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury within the artery']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'vessel injury']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Traumatic rupture']


abstract: @entity2332 produces @entity520 , @entity308 , @entity3485 and @entity551 . This study was designed to examine the cardiovascular dynamics involved with restoration of the @entity3485 before rewarming. Mixed breed splenectomized adult @entity235 (n = 16) were anesthetized with @entity4485 and cooled to a right atrial temperature of 25 degrees C at a rate of 3 degrees C X h-1. The animals were maintained at 25 degrees C for 6 h and rewarmed at 3 degrees C X h-1. Group 1 was given no fluid, Group 2 was given saline (20% of plasma volume infused in 10 min). 2 h after reaching 25 degrees C and Group 3 received saline just prior to rewarming. The hematocrit was elevated in all groups (p less than 0.05) upon cooling, but did not differ between groups even after saline was given. Cardiac output (Co) at 25 degrees C was 35% of precooled values. Group 2 increased their Q by 15% with fluid and this Q was maintained at higher levels than Groups 1 or 3 for the next 4 h. Plasma volume, heart rate, and cardiac contractility returned to control levels upon rewarming, but Q remained low (less than 10%). The level of Q at the start of rewarming did not affect the final level of Q.

title: Fluid replacement during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: Immunofluorescent studies using @entity2822 -conjugated mouse anti-allotype antibody were carried out to study the migration pattern and the development of surface Ig (SIg), @entity6433 for IgG ( @entity37874 ), and complement receptor (CR) or @entity19 bone marrow lymphocytes following intravenous injection into congenic @entity19 . After transfer of bone marrow cells from CSW @entity19 into untreated congenic CWB @entity19 , the absolute number of donor-type SIg-bearing (SIg+) cells and the proportion of either @entity37874 - or CR-bearing ( @entity37874 + or CR+) cells in donor-type SIg+ cells were evaluated in the recipient spleen and the results were compared with those obtained after the transfer of CSW spleen cells. After injection of donor bone marrow cells, detectable donor-type SIg+ cells, although few initially, increased from day 1 to Day 2 and reached a plateau thereafter. The proportion of @entity37874 + cells in donor-type SIg+ cells, although very low in the donor marrow inoculum, increased progressively after 1 day to reach a maximum at Day 5 (90%). On the other hand, following the transfer of spleen cells, the proportion of @entity37874 + cells remained at high levels (90%) for 5 days after transfer. Likewise, the proportion of CR+ cells in donor-type SIg+ cells was very low (less than 1%) in the original donor bone marrow cells but high (60%) in the donor spleen cells. However, in transferring bone marrow cells this proportion also increased in the recipient spleen to reach a maximum (49%) at Day 5 although it was lower compared to the percentage of @entity37874 + cells in donor SIg+ cells. Furthermore, the ability of functional responsiveness to antigen was also examined in the same system by detecting plaque-forming cells (PFC) from donor origin. In transferring donor bone marrow cells into recipient, the participation of donor cells in the PFC response was very low when the recipients were primed with @entity742 red blood cells at Day 3 after transfer. However, when the recipients were primed at Days 7 to 21 after transfer, increasing numbers of the donor marrow-derived cells were involved in the PFC response. Thus, the present study demonstrates that the bone marrow-derived lymphocytes, albeit lacking both distinctive surface receptors (IgM, @entity37874 , CR) and the functional responsiveness to antigen, continue their development along the B-cell lineage after migrating into the spleen, as evidenced by the surface receptor expression and participation in the antibody response.

title: Migration and differentiation of bone marrow lymphocytes: development of surface immunoglobulin, XXXX , complement receptor, and functional responsiveness as studied with anti-allotype serum.

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

answer: @entity6433 :: (109615(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Fc receptor']


abstract: The transcription of mecA, the gene required for @entity6101 resistance in staphylococci, was quantified in a collection of 65 geographically and genetically diverse clinical and 8 defined laboratory @entity794 isolates. mecA transcription was measured by real-time reverse transcription-PCR, confirmed by Northern blot analysis, and correlated with the presence and DNA sequence of the two mecA repressors, mecI and blaI. Isolates were first examined that contained mecI and/or blaI with wild-type sequence. BlaI provided significantly more repression of mecA transcription than did MecI, unrelated to blaI genetic location. Both together repressed mecA better than either one alone. In clinical isolates containing only wild-type mecI, mecA transcription repression was 10- to 25-fold less effective than that seen in previously studied constructs derived from strain N315. There was a difference in the mecI @entity3337 ( @entity3337 ) between the clinical isolates (GGAA) and N315 (GGAG). The GGAA @entity3337 was associated with 5.5- to 7.3-fold less mecA repression than GGAG in isogenic constructs. The values generated for wild-type repressors were compared to those in 26 isolates containing mecI mutations. mecA transcription appeared to be repressed only by BlaI in isolates with mecI nonsense and frameshift mutations. In contrast, mecI repression seemed to be partially or fully retained in many of the isolates with mecI and one isolate with blaI missense mutations, providing structure-function correlates with the site and type of mutation. We conclude that mecA repressor activity is highly variable in clinical @entity794 isolates due to mecI mutations, @entity3337 polymorphisms, and unidentified genomic adaptations.

title: Quantitation of mecA transcription in XXXX -resistant @entity794 clinical isolates.

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity3337 :: ('MESH:D009371', 'Disease') :: ['RBS', 'ribosomal binding site']

answer: @entity6101 :: (MESH:D010068,Chemical) :: ['oxacillin']


abstract: The transcription of mecA, the gene required for @entity6101 resistance in staphylococci, was quantified in a collection of 65 geographically and genetically diverse clinical and 8 defined laboratory @entity794 isolates. mecA transcription was measured by real-time reverse transcription-PCR, confirmed by Northern blot analysis, and correlated with the presence and DNA sequence of the two mecA repressors, mecI and blaI. Isolates were first examined that contained mecI and/or blaI with wild-type sequence. BlaI provided significantly more repression of mecA transcription than did MecI, unrelated to blaI genetic location. Both together repressed mecA better than either one alone. In clinical isolates containing only wild-type mecI, mecA transcription repression was 10- to 25-fold less effective than that seen in previously studied constructs derived from strain N315. There was a difference in the mecI @entity3337 ( @entity3337 ) between the clinical isolates (GGAA) and N315 (GGAG). The GGAA @entity3337 was associated with 5.5- to 7.3-fold less mecA repression than GGAG in isogenic constructs. The values generated for wild-type repressors were compared to those in 26 isolates containing mecI mutations. mecA transcription appeared to be repressed only by BlaI in isolates with mecI nonsense and frameshift mutations. In contrast, mecI repression seemed to be partially or fully retained in many of the isolates with mecI and one isolate with blaI missense mutations, providing structure-function correlates with the site and type of mutation. We conclude that mecA repressor activity is highly variable in clinical @entity794 isolates due to mecI mutations, @entity3337 polymorphisms, and unidentified genomic adaptations.

title: Quantitation of mecA transcription in @entity6101 -resistant XXXX clinical isolates.

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: 1. Recovery of responsiveness of single cells in lateral geniculate nucleus of @entity35 has been determined in both P and I cells. There are three types of recovery curve among P cells; (a) early recovery, (b) early partial recovery followed by @entity308 and then complete recovery, (c) prolonged @entity308 followed by cyclic recovery. Type (c) is by far the commonest recovery curve. In contrast to the spike in a P cell, the synaptic potential recovers to its full amplitude in about 20 msec. All I cells exhibit similar rapid recovery curves after a prolonged @entity308 .2. Conditioning stimuli applied to visual cortex also produce a prolonged @entity308 in most P cells but I cells can be re-excited at short intervals from cortex. Decortication does not prevent the prolonged @entity308 of the multineuronal response produced by optic nerve stimulation.3. A neuronal model is proposed to explain these observations. It is supposed that I cells (interneurones) are innervated by axon collaterals of the P cells (principal cells, projecting to visual cortex) and that the I cells exert an inhibitory influence on the P cells.

title: Recovery of responsiveness of cells of lateral geniculate nucleus of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Fifteen supracondylar @entity174 of the femur in @entity1 with ipsilateral total knee arthroplasties were treated between 1975 and 1982. Three groups were identified for analyzation of treatment and end result. The average follow-up period after @entity174 was 18 months, with a range of ten to 48 months. Group I had four @entity1 treated by closed reduction, cast immobilization, and early weight-bearing. At follow-up evaluation, three had a decrease in knee rating score, and one required a corrective osteotomy. Group II had eight @entity1 treated by traction followed by cast or cast-brace immobilization. Four @entity1 had a decrease in the knee rating because of malunion or loss of motion, and there was one nonunion requiring surgical treatment. Group III had three @entity1 treated by immediate open reduction and internal fixation of the @entity174 . All three groups had functional arthroplasties following union of the @entity174 . @entity1141 are recommended for the initial treatment. Open reduction and internal fixation, when technically feasible, is recommended when closed reduction and skeletal traction cannot maintain satisfactory alignment.

title: Treatment of supracondylar XXXX following prosthetic arthroplasty of the knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['Closed reduction and skeletal traction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 undergoing EUS usually receive intravenously administered sedative medication. A double-blind, prospective, randomized trial was conducted to compare @entity1363 with a placebo for EUS of the esophagus and stomach and to assess @entity1 tolerance and endoscopic feasibility. METHODS: A total of 111 @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity1363 or a placebo. @entity1 used a visual analogue scale to score pre-EUS @entity148 and tolerance for the procedure. Endoscopists used a visual analogue scale to score ease of echoendoscope introduction and overall @entity1 cooperation. Subsequent to EUS, @entity1 were asked if they were willing to undergo the procedure under the same conditions. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' visual analogue scale scores indicated that tolerance for the introduction of the echoendoscope and the procedure overall were both significantly better in the @entity1363 group. Overall @entity1 tolerance was predicted by sedation (p < 0.001) and pre-EUS @entity148 (p = 0.024). Endoscopists' visual analogue scale scores showed that ease of echoendoscope introduction was significantly better in the @entity1363 group. There was no significant difference in overall @entity1 cooperation during the procedure. There were no significant differences in introduction time, total procedure time, or @entity1 ' willingness to undergo the procedure under the same conditions. CONCLUSIONS: EUS of the esophagus and stomach without intravenous sedation is feasible for endoscopists and @entity1 . @entity1 prefer intravenous administration of @entity1363 . Assessment of @entity148 before EUS may indicate whether administration of @entity1363 can improve tolerance for the individual @entity1 .

title: Conscious sedation for EUS of the esophagus and stomach: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing XXXX with placebo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of photodynamic therapy and biliary drainage by plastic endoprosthesis insertion has produced promising results in the treatment of nonresectable @entity201 . The feasibility and efficacy of intraductal photodynamic therapy with subsequent biliary drainage by self-expandable metal stent insertion were evaluated in a prospective phase II study. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 were treated with photodynamic therapy after sensitization with porfimer @entity1372 . A plastic endoprosthesis was inserted immediately thereafter and replaced by a metal stent 4 weeks later. A retrospectively analyzed group of 20 @entity1 treated only with biliary drainage served as a historical control group. RESULTS: In 19 of the 24 @entity1 , insertion of a metal stent was technically feasible. The 30-day and 60-day mortality rates were 0%. A significant decrease in serum @entity648 was noted in all @entity1 and quality of life remained stable throughout follow-up. Mean and median survival were, respectively, 15.9(3.1) and 9.9: 95% CI [6.4, 13.4] months after photodynamic therapy. In the control group, mean and median survival were, respectively, 12.5(3.4) and 5.6: 95% CI [3.7, 7.6] months, which was not statistically significantly different from the photodynamic therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic therapy with consecutive biliary drainage by insertion of a self-expandable metal stent is feasible. With respect to the small benefit in overall survival, randomized controlled trials are warranted.

title: Phase II study of photodynamic therapy and metal stent as palliative treatment for nonresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Single injection, single blood sample, effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) estimated by 131I-orthoiodohippurate can be performed accurately and conveniently without urine collection at the bedside. The purpose of this study was to determine if ERPF early in the course of severe @entity810 ( @entity810 ) predicts recovery of renal function in hemodynamically stable @entity1 . Over 18 months, ERPF was determined in 33 such @entity1 with @entity810 in whom an etiologic diagnosis could be established. Eight @entity1 died within 2 months of onset and while on dialysis, did not have an autopsy, and were not considered further. Six @entity1 (Group A) either remained on dialysis after at least 6 months follow-up or had irreversible @entity8 at autopsy. In Group B (19 @entity1 , 13 of whom were dialyzed), serum @entity1011 returned to less than 2.0 mg/dL (n = 16) or was decreasing without dialysis. Peak serum @entity1011 (Group A 11.2 +/- 1.4; Group B 10.1 +/- 1.3 mg/dL) did not differ between groups. @entity1458 was present in 75% of Group A @entity1 and in 25% of Group B @entity1 . Initial ERPFs differed (p less than 0.001) between Group A (90 +/- 11) and Group B (204 +/- 20 mL/min). Initial ERPF was greater than 125 mL/min in 15 Group B @entity1 but in no Group A @entity1 ; the false-positive rate was 21% and the false-negative rate was 0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Predictive value of bedside effective renal plasma flow for renal recovery in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity3609 or @entity2696 ( @entity2696 ) is a disfiguring benign lesion commonly seen in the neck and face regions in @entity1 . Extensive neck/face resectional surgery is frequently performed for this condition, often with disappointing results. An attractive alternative to surgery is injection, sclerosing therapy. @entity1012 injection therapy has been characterised as a novel treatment of @entity2696 since 1987. Since this first report, there have been a number of articles from different institutions reporting variable success rates with its use. This has resulted in uncertainty and @entity911 among physicians, surgeons and parents alike as to in whom, when, and how to treat @entity1 with this modality. METHOD: A prospective study over a five-year period. Thirty-five @entity1 were injected with this agent, 1 to 4 times, depending on response. RESULT: In @entity1 with macrocystic @entity2696 , complete regression was achieved in 96 %. @entity1 with microcystic @entity2696 responded poorly or not at all. CONCLUSION: The anatomical appearance of the @entity600 on computerised tomography (or sonar) scan is crucial in determining the treatment strategy taken; @entity75 respond almost universally to @entity1012 injections, whereas @entity1 with @entity66 generally do not respond and should therefore not be injected with this agent.

title: Guidelines for the successful treatment of @entity2696 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic hygroma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microcystic disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['macrocystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioma', 'LA']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity1012 :: (MESH:D010844,Chemical) :: ['OK-432']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity3609 or @entity2696 ( @entity2696 ) is a disfiguring benign lesion commonly seen in the neck and face regions in @entity1 . Extensive neck/face resectional surgery is frequently performed for this condition, often with disappointing results. An attractive alternative to surgery is injection, sclerosing therapy. @entity1012 injection therapy has been characterised as a novel treatment of @entity2696 since 1987. Since this first report, there have been a number of articles from different institutions reporting variable success rates with its use. This has resulted in uncertainty and @entity911 among physicians, surgeons and parents alike as to in whom, when, and how to treat @entity1 with this modality. METHOD: A prospective study over a five-year period. Thirty-five @entity1 were injected with this agent, 1 to 4 times, depending on response. RESULT: In @entity1 with macrocystic @entity2696 , complete regression was achieved in 96 %. @entity1 with microcystic @entity2696 responded poorly or not at all. CONCLUSION: The anatomical appearance of the @entity600 on computerised tomography (or sonar) scan is crucial in determining the treatment strategy taken; @entity75 respond almost universally to @entity1012 injections, whereas @entity1 with @entity66 generally do not respond and should therefore not be injected with this agent.

title: Guidelines for the successful treatment of XXXX with @entity1012 .

answer: @entity2696 :: (MESH:D008202,Disease) :: ['lymphangioma']


abstract: @entity565 is best described as a @entity102 that involves @entity32 of the pulmonary airways and @entity2488 that results in the clinical expression of a lower @entity1224 that usually is reversible. Physiologically, @entity2488 is documented by decreased bronchial airflow after bronchoprovocation with @entity2710 or @entity112 . Other triggers that provoke @entity1224 include cold air, exercise, @entity1729 , cigarette smoke, and respiratory allergens. Bronchial provocation with allergen induces a prompt early phase @entity9416 ( @entity9416 )-mediated decrease in bronchial airflow (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) followed in many @entity1 by a late-phase @entity9416 -mediated reaction with a decrease in bronchial airflow for 4-8 hours. The gross pathology of @entity358 , smooth @entity2086 , @entity12288 thickening, @entity4 , epithelial cell sloughing, cilia cell disruption, and mucus gland hypersecretion. Microscopically, @entity565 is characterized by the presence of increased numbers of @entity1712 , neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the bronchial tissues, bronchial secretions, and mucus. Initially, there is recruitment of leukocytes from the bloodstream to the airway by activated @entity404 T-lymphocytes. The activated T-lymphocytes also direct the release of inflammatory mediators from @entity1712 , mast cells, and lymphocytes. In addition, the subclass 2 helper T-lymphocytes subset of activated T-lymphocytes produces interleukin (IL)-4, @entity225 , and @entity4047 . @entity3646 in conjunction with @entity4047 signals the switch from IgM to @entity9416 antibodies. The cross-linkage of two @entity9416 molecules by allergen causes mast cells to degranulate, releasing @entity112 , @entity4443 , and other mediators that perpetuate the airway @entity32 . @entity225 activates the recruitment and activation of @entity1712 . The activated mast cells and @entity1712 also generate their cytokines that help to perpetuate the @entity32 . Regardless of the triggers of @entity565 , the repeated cycles of @entity32 in the lungs with injury to the pulmonary tissues followed by repair may produce long-term structural changes ("remodeling") of the airways. This review will discuss in greater detail the relationships of @entity32 and airway hyperresponsiveness to the pathophysiology of @entity565 .

title: Understanding XXXX pathophysiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['lamina reticularis']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal edema']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic airways displays lung hyperinflation']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['viral upper respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity9416 :: ('3497', 'Gene') :: ['IgE', 'immunoglobulin E']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: An epidemiologic study of @entity9916 in the Leiden Health Care Region was conducted between 1979 and 1983. One hundred and seven cases were diagnosed before 1979 and 150 between 1979 and 1983. Most of the @entity1 had @entity9916 (42%), and only 11% had pancolitis. The incidence was 6.8/10(5)/year and was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 . There was no specific age group at additional risk of developing the disease. The prevalence was 58.4/10(5). @entity1 with @entity9916 tended to live in country or city areas; @entity1 living in dormitory suburbs were at a reduced risk (chi-square test, p less than 0.001). However, there was a significant difference in incidence between Leiden (10.8/10(5)/year) and Alphen (4.1/10(5)/year) (corrected chi-square = 7.3; p less than 0.001). This was also true for the prevalence in these two cities. The prevalence of the disease in migrants (85.3/10(5)) was not significantly different from that in the indigenous population (58/10(5)).

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in the region of Leiden, The Netherlands. A population study from 1979 to 1983.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9916 :: ('MESH:D011350', 'Disease') :: ['proctocolitis']

answer: @entity9916 :: (MESH:D011350,Disease) :: ['proctocolitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare intraoperative ultrasound and preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI or 64-MDCT for the depiction of malignant lesions and for prediction of hepatic segments positive and negative for @entity5 in @entity1 undergoing partial hepatic resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 292 @entity1 undergoing hepatic resection for metastatic @entity14 (n = 168), @entity157 (n = 70), or other @entity99 (n = 54) were included. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of intraoperative ultrasound and preoperative cross-sectional imaging were calculated. The mean (   SD) time intervals to surgery were 37.6    26 days for 64-MDCT and 48.1    34 days for MRI. Surgical histopathologic examination was the reference standard. Changes in surgical management were recorded. @entity2357 models were used to estimate and compare proportions. RESULTS: For all 561 malignant lesions, the sensitivity of intraoperative ultrasound was 95.1%, compared with 96.8% for 64-MDCT (p = 0.025) and 94.4% for MRI (p = 0.960); 64-MDCT was also more sensitive than intraoperative ultrasound in identifying positive liver segments (p = 0.013). After controlling for @entity1 group and time interval between imaging and surgery, the negative predictive value of 64-MDCT and MRI was higher than that of intraoperative ultrasound (p < 0.001 and p = 0.040, respectively). In only eight cases (2.7%) was surgical management changed after intraoperative ultrasound. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 undergoing partial liver resection for @entity99 , 64-MDCT and MRI have an equivalent or higher sensitivity in identifying hepatic segments with @entity5 , and both 64-MDCT and MRI appear to have a higher predictive value for identifying disease-free segments than does intraoperative ultrasound.

title: Intraoperative ultrasound of the liver in primary and secondary XXXX : comparison with preoperative 1.5-T MRI and 64-MDCT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic malignancies']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) has published guidelines for the management of @entity1 with @entity542 . The management of @entity1 with @entity542 admitted to our local unit under the Paediatric Surgeons has been audited to determine whether or not current practice follows SIGN recommendations. METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively from the case records of @entity1 admitted between January and December 2007. The SIGN guideline 'Early Management of @entity1 with a @entity542 ' (Guideline 46) was published in 2000 and updated in 2009 (Guideline 110). @entity542 admission practices were audited against both guidelines. RESULTS: The case records of 200 @entity1 were analysed. According to SIGN Guideline 46 (2000), 146 Computed Tomography (CT) scans were indicated but only 24 were performed (16%). The updated Guideline 110 (2009) suggests a CT scan was indicated in 24 @entity1 and should have been considered in a further 87. However, only 12 (50%) and 18 (21%) @entity1 were imaged in these respective groups. Both guidelines indicated neurosurgical review in 13 @entity1 but sought in only 4 (31%). 50 @entity1 were deemed to have suffered a significant @entity542 warranting follow-up, but this was arranged in only 14 (28%). CONCLUSIONS: Our study has identified that management of paediatric @entity542 in our unit is reliant on clinical acumen rather than the SIGN guidelines when making decisions regarding the need for imaging, neurosurgical review and follow-up. We suggest further investigation is required to determine whether greater awareness and closer adherence with the guidelines would alter clinical outcomes.

title: Are we following the guiding SIGN when managing paediatric XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head injury', 'Head Injury', 'head injuries', 'head injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: @entity521 is a common solid @entity5 of infancy and childhood. From 1967 to 1986 we evaluated and treated 58 @entity1 with @entity521 ; in ten (17%) of these @entity1 , symptomatic hepatic @entity3 developed. The ten @entity1 ranged in age from 2 days to 2 years 3 months. The most common symptoms attributable to hepatic @entity3 were abdominal enlargement, @entity490 , @entity1576 due to upward pressure on the diaphragm, and obstruction of the inferior vena cava. At the time of initial diagnosis, two @entity1 had stage III disease, three had stage IV disease, and five had stage IV-S disease. Six were initially given chemotherapy; all six of these @entity1 required radiation therapy when hepatic enlargement progressed. In the other four cases, radiation therapy was used alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Irradiation or irradiation plus chemotherapy produced complete resolution of local symptoms in seven cases, and a partial response in one case. The seven @entity1 who had a complete response are alive without evidence of recurrent disease; the remaining three @entity1 died of their @entity5 . The roles of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy in the management of symptomatic hepatic @entity3 from @entity521 are discussed.

title: Hepatic XXXX from @entity521 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory difficulty']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity521 is a common solid @entity5 of infancy and childhood. From 1967 to 1986 we evaluated and treated 58 @entity1 with @entity521 ; in ten (17%) of these @entity1 , symptomatic hepatic @entity3 developed. The ten @entity1 ranged in age from 2 days to 2 years 3 months. The most common symptoms attributable to hepatic @entity3 were abdominal enlargement, @entity490 , @entity1576 due to upward pressure on the diaphragm, and obstruction of the inferior vena cava. At the time of initial diagnosis, two @entity1 had stage III disease, three had stage IV disease, and five had stage IV-S disease. Six were initially given chemotherapy; all six of these @entity1 required radiation therapy when hepatic enlargement progressed. In the other four cases, radiation therapy was used alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Irradiation or irradiation plus chemotherapy produced complete resolution of local symptoms in seven cases, and a partial response in one case. The seven @entity1 who had a complete response are alive without evidence of recurrent disease; the remaining three @entity1 died of their @entity5 . The roles of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy in the management of symptomatic hepatic @entity3 from @entity521 are discussed.

title: Hepatic @entity3 from XXXX .

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To describe clinical features, complications, serotypes and antibiotic resistance in @entity2258 in our environment after the generalization of the heptavalent conjugate vaccine ( @entity1485 -7) in paediatrics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study of episodes of @entity2258 , with positive cultures in @entity1 treated in the emergency department from January 2006 to February 2010. RESULTS: We studied 346 episodes in 320 @entity1 , 335 belonged to 309 adult @entity1 , 221 (71.5%) males, median age 68 years (range 16-94), and 11 episodes to @entity1 <15 years. Two-hundred and thirty seven (68.5%) episodes were community acquired. @entity582 was present in 130 (37.6%) cases, with a tendency towards an increased risk in @entity1 < 65 years (OR=1.56, 95% CI 0.96- 2.56, P=.07). Thirteen (3.8%) @entity1 developed @entity3509 and 33 (9.5%) @entity326 . The mean age of @entity1 with @entity3509 was lower (P=.03). In the multivariate analysis were related to the presence of @entity582 : a history of chronic @entity1576 (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.25-0.81, P=.008), positive urinary antigen (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1 13-3.62, P=.01) and @entity1143 (OR=3.86, 95% CI 1.79-8.35, P=.001). Shock was associated with Fine IV-V stage (OR=23.6, 95% CI 4.96-112.82, P<.001), age < 65 years (OR=4.47, 95% CI 1.75-11.39, P=.002) and @entity1143 (OR=4.15, 95% CI 1.65 to 10.41, P=.002). Increased mortality risk was associated with presence of any complication (OR=6.6, 95% CI 1.5-27.2, P=.009) and specifically @entity326 (OR=3.3, 95% CI 1.06-10.3, P=.04). Most serotypes obtained were not included in the VNC-7. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2258 after generalisation of @entity1485 -7 is mainly related to non-vaccine serotypes. Younger @entity1 without @entity1576 are at increased risk of @entity582 , @entity3509 , and @entity326 , the latter being associated with a higher mortality.

title: [ XXXX in the era of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia', 'Pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia', 'Bacteraemia']

answer: @entity2258 :: (MESH:D011018,Disease) :: ['Pneumococcal pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate utilization and diagnosis rates in a self-pay, self-referred screening program for @entity2299 . DESIGN: 301 @entity1 self-referred to the clinical laboratory for lipid testing in a two-year period. The @entity1 population that participated was characterized in terms of insurance status, gender, age, and known cardiovascular risk factors. Lipid profiles were characterized as measured by total @entity165 , @entity1674 (TGs), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL), and total @entity165 to HDL risk factor. SETTING: Clinical laboratory in an academic medical center. @entity1 : Data from all @entity1 that self-selected for screening were included. INTERVENTIONS: Immediate laboratory results with both verbal and written interpretations and recommendations were provided to the @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age, gender, insurance status, number of known risk factors, and lipid profiles in the subject group. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 was 57 years. @entity1 (197) outnumbered @entity1 (104) by almost 2:1; most (94%) had health insurance. At presentation, 44% of the @entity1 had more than one risk factor for @entity301 ( @entity301 ). 151 individuals (50%) had lipid findings that would require at least dietary intervention by NCEP guidelines. CONCLUSION: A self-pay, self-referred screening program for @entity4977 is an effective means of improving screening and diagnosis rates. @entity1 with insurance were willing to pay for the convenience offered and @entity1 in particular were more likely to self-refer than @entity1 , independent of previous knowledge of risk factors or @entity4977 .

title: XXXX prevalence in a laboratory initiated screening program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid disorders']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['Dyslipidemia']


abstract: To determine whether endogenous @entity9480 contributes to the pathogenesis of endotoxin shock, @entity6848 , a specific @entity9480 antagonist, was injected i.v. to @entity35 before, simultaneously with or after endotoxin. @entity6848 (5 mg/kg i.v.) injected 5 min before the endotoxin completely inhibited endotoxin (15 mg/kg i.v.)-induced @entity551 , and @entity6848 (0.05-1 mg/kg i.v.) injected 7-10 min after the endotoxin rapidly reversed endotoxin-induced @entity551 . A combination of @entity6848 (10 mg/kg) with endotoxin (5 mg/kg) administered i.v. improved the survival rate for 20 h or more. @entity6848 (0.05-1 mg/kg i.v.) rapidly reversed the @entity9480 (1 microgram/kg i.v.)-induced @entity551 . These findings strongly suggest that endogenous @entity9480 may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of endotoxin shock.

title: Is platelet activating factor ( XXXX ) a mediator of endotoxin shock?

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity9480 :: (300795(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PAF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest a link between gut microbiota and the development of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). Our aim was to investigate any quantitative differences in faecal bacterial compositions in @entity31 and @entity1744 @entity1 compared to healthy controls, and to identify individual bacterial species that contribute to these differences. METHODS: Faecal microbiota of 13 @entity31 @entity1 , 11 @entity1744 @entity1 and 22 healthy volunteers were analysed by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) using universal and @entity3395 specific primers. The data obtained were normalized using in-house developed statistical method and interrogated by multivariate approaches. The differentiated bands were excised and identified by sequencing the V3 region of the 16S rRNA genes. RESULTS: Band profiles revealed that number of predominant faecal bacteria were significantly different between @entity31 , @entity1744 and control group ( @entity14567 ). By assessing the mean band numbers in @entity31 (37    5) and @entity1744 (39    6), compared to the controls (45    3), a significant decrease in bacterial species is suggested (p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between @entity1744 and @entity31 . Biodiversity of the bacterial species was significantly lower in @entity31 (  = 2.94,    = 0.29) and @entity1744 @entity1 (  = 2.90,    = 0.38) than controls (  = 3.25,    = 0.16; p = 0.01). Moreover, similarity indices revealed greater biological variability of predominant bacteria in @entity31 and @entity1744 compared to the controls (median Dice coefficients 76.1% (IQR 70.9 - 83.1), 73.8% (IQR 67.0 - 77.5) and 82.9% (IQR 79.1 - 86.7) respectively). DNA sequencing of discriminating bands suggest that the presence of @entity3395 , B. ovatus, @entity14695 , and Parabacteroides sp. in healthy volunteers distinguishes them from @entity1744 and @entity31 @entity1 . DGGE profiles of @entity3395 species revealed a decrease of @entity3395 community in @entity31 relative to @entity1744 and controls. CONCLUSION: Molecular profiling of faecal bacteria revealed @entity1944 in @entity31 and @entity1744 @entity1 , while different patterns of @entity3395 species loss in particular, were associated with @entity31 and @entity1744 .

title: XXXX and irritable bowel @entity1 exhibit distinct abnormalities of the gut microbiota.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of intestinal microbiota']

entities_list: @entity3395 :: ('821', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides', 'Bacteroides vulgatus']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest a link between gut microbiota and the development of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). Our aim was to investigate any quantitative differences in faecal bacterial compositions in @entity31 and @entity1744 @entity1 compared to healthy controls, and to identify individual bacterial species that contribute to these differences. METHODS: Faecal microbiota of 13 @entity31 @entity1 , 11 @entity1744 @entity1 and 22 healthy volunteers were analysed by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) using universal and @entity3395 specific primers. The data obtained were normalized using in-house developed statistical method and interrogated by multivariate approaches. The differentiated bands were excised and identified by sequencing the V3 region of the 16S rRNA genes. RESULTS: Band profiles revealed that number of predominant faecal bacteria were significantly different between @entity31 , @entity1744 and control group ( @entity14567 ). By assessing the mean band numbers in @entity31 (37    5) and @entity1744 (39    6), compared to the controls (45    3), a significant decrease in bacterial species is suggested (p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between @entity1744 and @entity31 . Biodiversity of the bacterial species was significantly lower in @entity31 (  = 2.94,    = 0.29) and @entity1744 @entity1 (  = 2.90,    = 0.38) than controls (  = 3.25,    = 0.16; p = 0.01). Moreover, similarity indices revealed greater biological variability of predominant bacteria in @entity31 and @entity1744 compared to the controls (median Dice coefficients 76.1% (IQR 70.9 - 83.1), 73.8% (IQR 67.0 - 77.5) and 82.9% (IQR 79.1 - 86.7) respectively). DNA sequencing of discriminating bands suggest that the presence of @entity3395 , B. ovatus, @entity14695 , and Parabacteroides sp. in healthy volunteers distinguishes them from @entity1744 and @entity31 @entity1 . DGGE profiles of @entity3395 species revealed a decrease of @entity3395 community in @entity31 relative to @entity1744 and controls. CONCLUSION: Molecular profiling of faecal bacteria revealed @entity1944 in @entity31 and @entity1744 @entity1 , while different patterns of @entity3395 species loss in particular, were associated with @entity31 and @entity1744 .

title: @entity31 and irritable bowel XXXX exhibit distinct abnormalities of the gut microbiota.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the records of @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with @entity174 . We describe frequency, demographics, management and @entity1 outcomes in terms of ambulatory ability, living independence and mortality. METHODS: @entity1 treated for a @entity174 over a 2-year period in Kingston, Ont., were identified. We performed a retrospective hospital record review to distinguish high- versus low-impact injury mechanisms, and to characterize the injury event, @entity341 management and outcomes for @entity1 with @entity174 . RESULTS: Of 132 pelvic @entity174 identified, 77 were @entity174 . @entity1 were predominantly @entity1 (82%) with a mean age of 81 years; 96% had some pre-existing medical comorbidity. The pubic rami were most commonly involved (86%). The median length of stay in the @entity341 was 9.4 hours. Twenty-five @entity1 (32%) were admitted to hospital. Ten @entity1 had surgical stabilization, mostly of the acetabulum. Five @entity1 died in hospital, 4 from pneumonia and 1 from @entity583 . Eight additional @entity1 died within 1 year of injury. At discharge, only 18% lived independently and 16% walked without aids versus 42% and 38%, respectively, before injury. CONCLUSION: @entity174 affect predominantly elderly @entity1 with pre-existing comorbidities. A substantial amount of time and resources in the @entity341 are used during the workup of these @entity1 and while awaiting their disposition from the @entity341 . These injuries are important because they affect independence and seem associated with an increased risk of @entity204 .

title: @entity174 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'pelvic fracture', 'low-impact fractures', 'Low-impact pelvic fractures', 'low-impact pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the records of @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with @entity174 . We describe frequency, demographics, management and @entity1 outcomes in terms of ambulatory ability, living independence and mortality. METHODS: @entity1 treated for a @entity174 over a 2-year period in Kingston, Ont., were identified. We performed a retrospective hospital record review to distinguish high- versus low-impact injury mechanisms, and to characterize the injury event, @entity341 management and outcomes for @entity1 with @entity174 . RESULTS: Of 132 pelvic @entity174 identified, 77 were @entity174 . @entity1 were predominantly @entity1 (82%) with a mean age of 81 years; 96% had some pre-existing medical comorbidity. The pubic rami were most commonly involved (86%). The median length of stay in the @entity341 was 9.4 hours. Twenty-five @entity1 (32%) were admitted to hospital. Ten @entity1 had surgical stabilization, mostly of the acetabulum. Five @entity1 died in hospital, 4 from pneumonia and 1 from @entity583 . Eight additional @entity1 died within 1 year of injury. At discharge, only 18% lived independently and 16% walked without aids versus 42% and 38%, respectively, before injury. CONCLUSION: @entity174 affect predominantly elderly @entity1 with pre-existing comorbidities. A substantial amount of time and resources in the @entity341 are used during the workup of these @entity1 and while awaiting their disposition from the @entity341 . These injuries are important because they affect independence and seem associated with an increased risk of @entity204 .

title: XXXX in the @entity341 .

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Low-impact pelvic fractures']


abstract: A bioassay of @entity72318 (a synthetic flavoring agent) for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to F344 @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . Groups of 50 @entity35 and 50 @entity19 of each sex were fed the test chemical in diets containing 15,000 or 30,000 ppm for 103 weeks and then observed for an additional 2 or 3 weeks. Controls consisted of groups of 50 untreated @entity35 and 50 untreated @entity19 of each sex. All surviving animals were killed and necropsied at 105 to 107 weeks. Mean body weights of the dosed male and female @entity35 and @entity19 were lower than those of the corresponding controls throughout the bioassay, and weight decrements were dose related. Mortality in @entity35 and @entity19 of either sex was not affected by administration of the test chemical. In male @entity35 , @entity420 or @entity1358 or @entity652 of the pancreas were found in low incidences in dosed @entity35 but not in control @entity35 . In direct comparisons with matched control groups, the incidences of these @entity5 were not significantly increased; however, because these @entity5 rarely occur spontaneously in aging F344 @entity35 , they were considered to be related to compound administration. Similar @entity788 have not been detected among 634 historical-control male F344 @entity35 at the same laboratory. In the female @entity35 , no @entity5 occurred at incidences that could be clearly related to the administration of the test chemical. In both male and female @entity19 , the @entity157 or @entity652 were dose related (P<0.001) and significant (P</= 0.001) in direct comparisons of dosed and control groups. It was concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay @entity72318 was carcinogenic for male and female B6C3F1 @entity19 , inducing @entity157 or @entity652 . The test chemical was also carcinogenic for male F344 @entity35 , inducing low incidences of @entity3981 or @entity652 of the pancreas and @entity420 or @entity652 of the renal cortex. @entity72318 was not carcinogenic for female F344 @entity35 . Levels of Evidence of Carcinogenicity: Male @entity35 : Positive Female @entity35 : Negative Male @entity19 : Positive Female @entity19 : Positive

title: Bioassay of XXXX for Possible Carcinogenicity (CAS No. 87-29-6).

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic or renal tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['acinar-cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas of the renal cortex and acinar-cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity72318 :: ('MESH:C007068', 'Chemical') :: ['cinnamyl anthranilate', 'Cinnamyl anthranilate']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas', 'increased incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity72318 :: (MESH:C007068,Chemical) :: ['Cinnamyl Anthranilate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During intensive chemotherapy for @entity3052 , more than 10% of @entity1 die because of treatment complications but not because of progression of their underlying disease. In order to improve supportive care and to decrease mortality, we analysed the causes of @entity204 and their relationship to the cycles of chemotherapy in @entity1 undergoing treatment for @entity3052 according to the study @entity3052 -BFM 93. RESULTS: Thirty-five (7.4%) of a total of 471 @entity1 treated according to protocol @entity3052 -BFM 93 died before or within the first 6 weeks after diagnosis ( @entity204 ). Fourty-nine @entity1 (10%) did not achieve remission, and 18 (4 %) died of therapy-related complications after having achieved remission. In comparison to earlier @entity3052 -BFM studies, early mortality was reduced from 13%, 12%, 9% ( @entity3052 - @entity59275 , 83, 87) to 7% ( @entity3052 -BFM 93, p-trend = 0.03). In contrast, mortality of @entity1 in complete continuous remission (CCR) did not change. @entity166 , in particular due to @entity364 , were the main cause of @entity204 . One @entity1 died of @entity943 associated with SIAD. After stem-cell transplantation in first remission, 7 of 51 @entity1 died, mainly because of @entity2132 . The incidence of infectious complications decreased with the number of chemotherapy cycles and was highest during induction therapy. @entity455 occurred in one @entity1 during maintenance therapy and in one @entity1 thereafter; both @entity1 were in CCR. Another 14 @entity1 died during intensive therapy (before day 150) mostly with a low percentage of blasts, but no haematologic recovery. The cause of @entity204 in these @entity1 was mainly bacterial @entity281 or @entity3 , but seldom progression of @entity1778 . CONCLUSION: This analysis confirmed the high incidence of @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity3052 during chemotherapy-induced severe @entity1398 . To increase overall survival in @entity1 undergoing therapy for @entity3052 , we propose (1) to improve the prophylactic and therapeutic measures for @entity548 and @entity281 , (2) to continue risk-adapted therapy and (3) to treat high-risk @entity1 in specialised centres only.

title: [Analysis of causes of XXXX during intensive chemotherapy according to treatment protocol @entity3052 -BFM 93].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Fatal complications']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'fatal infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and fungal pathogens']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host-disease and/or infections']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious complications']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During intensive chemotherapy for @entity3052 , more than 10% of @entity1 die because of treatment complications but not because of progression of their underlying disease. In order to improve supportive care and to decrease mortality, we analysed the causes of @entity204 and their relationship to the cycles of chemotherapy in @entity1 undergoing treatment for @entity3052 according to the study @entity3052 -BFM 93. RESULTS: Thirty-five (7.4%) of a total of 471 @entity1 treated according to protocol @entity3052 -BFM 93 died before or within the first 6 weeks after diagnosis ( @entity204 ). Fourty-nine @entity1 (10%) did not achieve remission, and 18 (4 %) died of therapy-related complications after having achieved remission. In comparison to earlier @entity3052 -BFM studies, early mortality was reduced from 13%, 12%, 9% ( @entity3052 - @entity59275 , 83, 87) to 7% ( @entity3052 -BFM 93, p-trend = 0.03). In contrast, mortality of @entity1 in complete continuous remission (CCR) did not change. @entity166 , in particular due to @entity364 , were the main cause of @entity204 . One @entity1 died of @entity943 associated with SIAD. After stem-cell transplantation in first remission, 7 of 51 @entity1 died, mainly because of @entity2132 . The incidence of infectious complications decreased with the number of chemotherapy cycles and was highest during induction therapy. @entity455 occurred in one @entity1 during maintenance therapy and in one @entity1 thereafter; both @entity1 were in CCR. Another 14 @entity1 died during intensive therapy (before day 150) mostly with a low percentage of blasts, but no haematologic recovery. The cause of @entity204 in these @entity1 was mainly bacterial @entity281 or @entity3 , but seldom progression of @entity1778 . CONCLUSION: This analysis confirmed the high incidence of @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity3052 during chemotherapy-induced severe @entity1398 . To increase overall survival in @entity1 undergoing therapy for @entity3052 , we propose (1) to improve the prophylactic and therapeutic measures for @entity548 and @entity281 , (2) to continue risk-adapted therapy and (3) to treat high-risk @entity1 in specialised centres only.

title: [Analysis of causes of @entity204 during intensive chemotherapy according to treatment protocol XXXX -BFM 93].

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: @entity4090 is a newly recognized platelet coactivator that functions through potentiation of @entity857 -induced platelet activation. However, the possible association between @entity4089 and @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) has not been systematically investigated up to now; @entity4090 signaling mechanisms in platelets still need to be elucidated. In this study, plasma @entity4090 levels in healthy subjects and @entity1 with @entity1211 were determined, demonstrating that @entity1 with @entity1211 and no other congenital risk factors had significantly increased plasma @entity4090 levels. Moreover, @entity2013 @entity1 demonstrated a higher incidence of @entity1211 than the general population. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for the development of @entity49 , @entity12595 signaling during platelet activation was investigated with a focus on @entity857 -stimulated G-protein-regulated signaling pathways. The short isoform of @entity4090 receptors was detected on platelets. Signaling through this receptor, although not directly linked to Gq-proteins, substitutes for Gq-protein regulated signaling pathways involved in platelet activation. We identified protein kinase C, a well-established signaling molecule in platelet activation, as a target molecule for @entity4090 signaling pathways in @entity1 platelets. Our findings indicate that @entity4089 may be an important novel risk factor for @entity1211 , suggesting that its thrombogenic effect may be mediated through enhanced platelet reactivity. Revealing the molecular mechanisms of @entity4090 signaling will allow the design of new antithrombotic therapies.

title: XXXX signaling during platelet activation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity12595 :: ('5618', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin receptor']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'Prolactin']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity12595 :: (5618,Gene) :: ['Prolactin receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess and correlate functional outcomes and surgical results with health-related quality of life after ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA) in pediatric @entity1 . METHODS: Functional outcome was determined by questionnaire and telephone interview. Surgical results were determined by retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Data were gathered from 26 @entity1 (mean age at IPAA, 12 years; mean follow-up, 3.7 years). Diagnoses were @entity31 in 18, indeterminate @entity1960 in 4, and @entity1412 in 4. Indications for IPAA included intractability, medication @entity137 , @entity851 , and @entity5 prophylaxis. Short-term complications (5 @entity1 ; 19%) included @entity1744 , stomal revision, pouch abscess, and negative exploration. Long-term complications (8 @entity1 ; 31%) were chronic @entity5042 and @entity850 . The average number of stools per 24 hours was 3.9. No @entity322 was reported; dietary restrictions were negligible. Although there were minimal differences from population norms, parental @entity148 remained high. Chronic @entity5042 correlated negatively with physical summary score. Nocturnal stooling negatively affected psychosocial quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric IPAA resulted in excellent bowel health. Quality of life, physical function, mental health, and self-esteem were equivalent to those of healthy @entity1 . These data may help families and physicians make informed surgical decisions.

title: Pediatric ileal pouch-anal XXXX : functional outcomes and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth delay']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anal stricture']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial polyposis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['partial small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Minimally invasive repair has become a popular approach for @entity1408 ( @entity1408 ). The bar is secured to the thoracic wall and left for approximately 2 years. The authors have noticed an intense @entity79 ( @entity79 ) around some of these bars at removal. A review of @entity1 undergoing bar removal was performed to better understand this @entity79 in relation to bar placement. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 undergoing bar removal after @entity1408 repair since January 1998 was performed. Chart review included age at bar insertion and removal, bar insertion position (subcutaneous [SC] v submuscular [SM]), @entity79 on Chest x-ray and at bar removal, operating time, and estimated @entity190 (EBL). RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 underwent bar removal during the study period (16 SC and 20 SM). Chest x-ray evaluation was possible in 27 @entity1 (16 SM, 11 SC). No difference existed for length of time the bar was in place or age at insertion/removal between groups. EBL was higher in the SM (18.3 v 8.8 mL, not significant). @entity79 was seen radiographically in 15 SM and 3 SC @entity1 (P <.001). @entity79 was encountered at removal in 19 SM @entity1 and a single SC @entity1 (P <.001). Operating time was statistically longer (P <.01) for the SM group (30.2 v 15.6 min). CONCLUSIONS: Bar position during repair of @entity1408 is important. SM positioning virtually always results in @entity79 with increased EBL and statistically longer operating time at removal. Careful placement of the bar in the SC position without violating the fascia should be used to avoid these undesirable effects.

title: Evaluation of pectus bar position and osseous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['BF', 'bone formation']

entities_list: @entity1408 :: ('MESH:D005660', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pectus excavatum']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone formation']


abstract: Herein we report age differences of in vivo constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in near-term and preterm @entity35 . Two potent nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, @entity3352 and @entity8726 , were studied in preterm (19th and 20th day) and near-term (21st day) @entity35 , whose gestational period was 21.5 days. The time course of fetal ductus constriction was studied on the 20th (preterm fetus) and the 21st (near-term fetus) days of gestation with @entity3352 (1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg) and @entity8726 (10 mg/kg). In addition, 5 mg/kg of @entity3352 was used on the 21st day. Maximal ductal constriction was noticed 8 h after administration. Constriction of the ductus was significantly weaker on the 20th day than on the 21st day in all three studies including @entity3352 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and @entity8726 , 10 mg/kg. Dose-response curves were studied at 4 h following administration of @entity3352 on the 19th, 20th, and 21st days, and @entity8726 on the 20th and 21st days. With both drugs, the ductus constricted more vigorously on the 21st day than on the 20th or 19th day. These studies showed a weaker constrictive response of the ductus to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in the preterm fetus than in the near-term fetus. Twenty-four h after administration of @entity3352 on the 20th day, the fetal ductus was dilated, although its plasma @entity3352 concentration was high and comparable with that obtained 4 h after administration. These results show that the response of the fetal ductus to @entity3352 decreased further at 24 h after administration to preterm @entity35 .

title: In vivo constriction of the ductus arteriosus by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in near-term and preterm fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activated dendritic cells (DC) initiate immune responses by presenting antigen, including alloantigen from tissue grafts, to T lymphocytes. The potential to deplete or inactivate differentiated-activated DC during allogeneic transplantation represents a new approach to immunosuppression. METHODS: The authors investigated the potential of the monoclonal antibody CMRF-44, which has specificity for a DC-associated differentiation-activation antigen, to induce complement-mediated lysis of activated @entity1 DC. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), or purified DC preparations, were cultured overnight to activate endogenous DC, resulting in the expression of CMRF-44 antigen and @entity8730 . These were then treated with CMRF-44 and complement. Depletion of activated DC was monitored by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Eighty-nine percent of activated ( @entity8730 +) DC in cultured PBMC were depleted by treatment with CMRF-44 and autologous serum (AS) (complement source; mean percentage of @entity8730 +- @entity5750 -- @entity1075 - cells=0.06%; cf 0.50% for heat-inactivated AS controls, P<0.0005, n=7). Ninety-five percent of cultured purified myeloid DC were depleted by this treatment, compared with only 43% of similarly treated lymphoid DC. Overnight culture also increases CMRF-44 antigen on a proportion of B cells and mononuclears, but only 24% of these cells were depleted. This treatment considerably reduced the ability of PBMC to stimulate allogeneic @entity404 + CD45RA+ T lymphocytes. Similarly, the T-cell proliferative responses to recall and naive antigens were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: CMRF-44 may be a suitable candidate for a new selective immunosuppressive strategy, targeting differentiated-activated but not resting DC. It may have applications in preventing GVHD in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and facilitate immunoacceptance of solid organ allografts.

title: CMRF-44 antibody-mediated depletion of activated XXXX dendridic cells: a potential means for improving allograft survival.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that @entity130 centers treating high volumes of severely injured @entity1 produce lower mortality rates than those with low volumes. However, the effect of individual surgeons' @entity130 caseload on outcomes has not been studied. This study compares outcomes between high-volume (HV) @entity130 surgeons admitting many @entity1 with high injury severity, and @entity258 ( @entity258 ) surgeons treating fewer critical @entity1 per year. METHODS: All @entity130 @entity1 admitted to a large Level I @entity130 center over a 12-year period were assigned to either the HV or @entity258 group, depending on the yearly volume of their admitting surgeon. Surgeons treating > 35 severely injured (Injury Severity Score > 15) @entity1 per year were considered HV. Student's t test and chi2 analysis were used to test comparability of @entity258 and HV @entity1 groups and to compare mortality rates. Mortality rates of HV and @entity258 surgeons' @entity1 were compared in six injury patterns selected to represent moderate to severe injury. TRISS methodology (z score) was also used to assess outcomes in the two groups. The inherent bias of the TRISS method in comparing @entity130 outcomes was minimized by the homogeneity of the studied @entity1 population. RESULTS: A total of 16,481 @entity1 were admitted to HV surgeons, and 4,214 @entity1 were admitted to @entity258 surgeons. In all subgroups, HV and @entity258 @entity1 were similar regarding age, sex, physiologic status at admission, injury pattern, and injury severity. Mortality rates for HV and @entity258 surgeons were not significantly different between the two groups in any injury pattern. The z score was 1.88 in the HV @entity1 group versus 0.47 in the @entity258 group. CONCLUSION: Within a single institution, mortality rates for @entity1 treated by surgeons admitting many severely injured @entity1 were not significantly different from @entity258 surgeons' @entity1 , although there was a trend toward higher mortality in the less active surgeons' @entity1 in some subgroups.

title: Does volume matter? The effect of XXXX surgeons' caseload on mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) are increasing in incidence, and accurate staging is important for selecting the appropriate treatment. @entity14103 imaging is a promising approach for detecting @entity788 and could help in selecting optimal therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to prospectively determine the clinical utility of @entity14103 positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in detecting unknown primary and metastatic @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-one @entity1 were enrolled in a prospective study of @entity1 undergoing @entity14103 PET/CT, @entity13098 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT and multiphasic CT scan, and/or magnetic resonance imaging in a blinded fashion with comprehensive biochemical testing. The primary outcome measure was the detection of lesions by each imaging study. RESULTS: @entity14103 PET/CT imaging detected 95.1% of lesions (95% CI, 92.4% to 96.8%) with an average maximum standardized uptake value of 65.4    47 (range, 6.9 to 244), anatomic imaging detected 45.3% of lesions (95% CI, 37.9% to 52.9%), and @entity13098 SPECT/CT detected 30.9% of lesions (95% CI, 25.0% to 37.5%), with a significant difference between imaging modalities (P < .001). In four of 14 @entity1 (28.6%), @entity14103 PET/CT found a previously unknown @entity5 , and detected primary GEPNET, lymph node, and distant metastases correctly in 72 of 113 lesions (63.7%) when compared with histopathology, with 22.1% and 38.9% detected by using @entity13098 SPECT/CT and anatomic imaging, respectively. On the basis of findings with @entity14103 PET/CT, 43 of 131 @entity1 (32.8%) had a change in management recommendation. In @entity1 with @entity4303 symptoms but negative biochemical testing, @entity14103 PET/CT detected lesions in 65.2% of @entity1 , 40% of which were detected neither by anatomic imaging nor by @entity13098 SPECT/CT. CONCLUSION: @entity14103 PET/CT imaging provides important information for accurate staging of @entity788 and selection of appropriate treatment interventions even in the absence of biochemical evidence of disease in symptomatic @entity1 .

title: Prospective Study of 68Ga-DOTATATE Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Detecting XXXX and Unknown Primary Sites.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'GEPNETs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity13098 :: ('MESH:C081788', 'Chemical') :: ['(111)In-pentetreotide']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors']


abstract: Immunohistochemical stains for ABH blood group antigens were recently shown to be useful ancillary tools for sorting out specimen mix-ups in surgical pathology, irrespective of the fixatives used. However, the effects of @entity8704 on the expression of these antigens are not known. Therefore, to examine the validity of using ABH blood group immunohistochemistry in decalcified tissues, we studied the immunohistochemical expression of ABH blood group antigens in B5-fixed, decalcified, @entity982 -embedded archival bone marrow specimens from 43 consecutive @entity1 (13 blood group A, 6 group B, 20 group O, and 4 group AB). Immunohistochemical staining for A, B, and H blood group antigens was performed with monoclonal antibodies and an avidin- @entity1885 detection method with @entity1792 antigen retrieval. The results of immunohistochemistry were correlated with @entity1 ' blood groups as determined by serology. Immunohistochemical expression of the A and B blood group antigens with good staining intensity was detected in erythrocytes and endothelial cells. The immunoreactivity for H blood group antigen was attenuated by the @entity8704 process and could not be enhanced with @entity1792 antigen retrieval. However, in all 43 cases, the A and B antigen staining pattern was concordant with @entity1 ' blood groups as determined with serology. These results show that @entity8704 does not have adverse effects on immunohistochemical expression of the A and B blood group antigens in tissue sections but may nullify the expression of H isoantigen. However, based on A and B immunoreactivity patterns, immunostaining for ABH blood group antigens can be helpful in resolving problems of specimen mix-ups and tissue floaters in decalcified specimens.

title: Effect of XXXX on the immunohistochemical expression of ABH blood group isoantigens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8704 :: ('MESH:D003649', 'Disease') :: ['decalcification']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity8704 :: (MESH:D003649,Disease) :: ['decalcification']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Experimental, controlled, randomized, and paired study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate regenerative effect of stem cell therapy on the vertebral endplate and introduce dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) as a tool in the investigation of endplate function. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The vertebral endplate plays a crucial role in nutritional supply to the intervertebral disc. Estimation of endplate function is an important parameter in future biologic therapy of @entity1797 ( @entity1797 ). METHODS: Four-level @entity1797 was induced in each of 15 Gottingen minipigs. Percutaneous intradiscal injection of two hydrogels (Zimmer Biologics Inc, Austin, TX) and one loaded with stem cells was used as single interventions after 12 weeks. Total observation time was 24 weeks. @entity2996 was performed before the initiation of treatment and killing of animals. RESULTS: Three animals were excluded because of @entity1512 . Stem cell and hydrogel treatment had significantly higher T2 values, relative vertebral blood flow and volume, as well as lower Pfirrmann scores when compared with degenerative controls. No statistical differences were found compared to normal controls. CONCLUSION: Stem cell and hydrogel therapy is able to partly regenerate @entity1797 and maintain perfusion and permeability of the vertebral endplate and subchondral bone. Dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity2996 may become an important tool in future investigation of the vertebral endplate.

title: Autologous stem cell therapy maintains vertebral blood flow and contrast diffusion through the endplate in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc degeneration', 'IDD']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['intervertebral disc degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: G-protein b-polypeptide 3 ( @entity14644 ) is a b subunit isoform of G-protein that plays important role in signal transduction of membrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The @entity14644 splice variant @entity14643 ( @entity39036 ) is associated with risk for essential @entity101 (EH) and efficacy of therapeutic drugs targeting GPCRs. It is unknown whether the polymorphism is associated with blood pressure (BP) response to @entity9887 or @entity3591 , two widely prescribed antihypertensive drugs. METHODS: A total of 93 subjects initially diagnosed as EH were recruited and underwent a 4-week treatment with @entity9887 (42 @entity1 ) or @entity3591 (51 @entity1 ) monotherapy. Both baseline and after-treatment BP were measured. @entity14644 @entity14643 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Baseline @entity13519 (DBP) were comparable among @entity14643 genotypes in both @entity9887 and @entity3591 treatment groups. @entity1 with the CT or TT genotypes showed significantly lower body mass index (BMI) as compared with CC homozygotes in both groups (P < 0.05, respectively). @entity14644 825TT homozygotes showed significantly higher after-treatment DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than those carrying at least one 825C allele (P < 0.01) in the @entity9887 treatment group. No difference in after-treatment @entity13519 , DBP, and MAP levels among @entity14643 genotypes was observed in the @entity3591 treatment group. No significant difference in absolute changes in BP levels was observed among the genotypes in either treatment group. CONCLUSION: The @entity14644 @entity14643 splice variant is associated with the DBP-lowering effect of @entity9887 but not @entity3591 in Chinese EH @entity1 .

title: Influence of G-protein b-Polypeptide 3 @entity14643 Polymorphism on Antihypertensive Response to XXXX and @entity3591 in Chinese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity13519 :: ('8991', 'Gene') :: ['systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP', 'SBP']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

answer: @entity9887 :: (MESH:C084178,Chemical) :: ['Telmisartan']