abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the level of @entity13391 ( @entity13391 ) during oral hygiene and peri-implant clinical variables between @entity1 presenting implant sites with a band >= 2  mm and <2  mm of keratinized mucosa (KM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participating @entity1 were recruited during routine maintenance follow-up visits from January to October 2013. Based on the presence of KM, @entity1 were allocated into two groups: implant sites with >= 2  mm of KM (Wide Group); and implant sites with <2  mm of KM (Narrow Group). @entity1 were clinically assessed, and plaque index (PI), @entity5951 ( @entity5951 ), clinical attachment level (CAL), and @entity548 on probing (BoP) data were collected from three sites at the buccal aspect of each implant. Subsequently, @entity1 received standardized oral hygiene instructions and cleaning devices and were asked to clean around the experimental implant sites. All @entity1 reported on the level of @entity13391 using the visual analog scale (VAS). Non-paired Student's t-test, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test, and chi-square tests were performed to analyze the outcome variables (P  <  0.05). RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 with a total of 270 implant sites were included. Implant sites in the Narrow Group exhibited higher levels of @entity13391 (P  <  0.001), PI (P  =  0.0021), and BoP (P  =  0.017) than implant sites in the Wide Group. CONCLUSION: Implant sites with a band of <2  mm of KM were shown to be more prone to @entity13391 , plaque accumulation, and peri-implant soft tissue inflammation when compared to implant sites with >= 2  mm of KM.

title: The influence of peri-implant keratinized mucosa on XXXX and peri-implant tissue health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13391 :: ('MESH:C537470', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'brushing discomfort']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['PPD', 'probing pocket depth']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity13391 :: (MESH:C537470,Disease) :: ['brushing discomfort']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of superparamagnetic @entity1933 -short hairpin RNA (SPIO-ShRNA) dual functional molecular probes of different concentrations on morphology and biological behavior of @entity43 SKOV3 cells in vitro. METHODS: The dual functional molecular probes at an @entity68 concentration of 5, 15, 30, 45, 75, and 100 mg/L were transfected into SKOV3 cells. The transfection rate of the probe was observed by fluorescence microscope. The distribution and content of @entity68 particles in SKOV3 cells were determined by Prussian blue staining, atomic adsorption spectrometer and electron microscopy. Cell viability was observed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8).The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of protein within the cells was detected by Western blot. The changes of the signal intensity were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: The SPIO-ShRNA dual functional molecular probe was uptaken in aconcentration-dependence manner within a certain range (5-30 mg/L). When the concentration of the probe was 45 mg/L, the labeling rate of the cell was close to 100%; With the increase of the concentration of probe, the cell survival rate decreased gradually. The cell survival rate of each experimental group were 94.626%  1.050%, 93.373%  1.180%, 91.700%  3.122%, 75.100%  4.362%, 72.983%  3.233%, 71.010%  2.910%,5, 15, 30 mg/L cell survival rate was not significantly decreased, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.226, P=0.068, P=0.475); When the concentration of the probe was greater than or equal to 45 mg/L,the survival rate decreased obviously (P<0.001); Group of 45 mg/L protein expression rate was 68.905%  3.510%, When the concentration of the probe was greater than or equal to 45 mg/L, the inhibition rate of the protein expression level of @entity470 was obviously higher than those of 5, 15, and 30 mg/L groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001, P=0.001, P=0.003, all P<0.01); the MRI displayed that the signal intensity was decreased with increasing concentrations of the probe. The signal intensity of 45 mg/L group was 165.55  4.92, compared with the blank control group(same volume of @entity4613 buffer saline), normal group (unlabeled @entity43 SKOV3 cells), 5, 15, and 30 mg/L groups , the signal intensity of 45 mg/L group decreased significantly (all P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The dual functional molecular probe can effectively transfect and specifically inhibit the expression of SKOV3 cell lines at the @entity68 concentration of 45 mg/L, and can also be detected by MRI. The role of diagnosis and treatment of the dual functional molecular probe has been initially confirmed.

title: [Optimal concentration of superparamagnetic @entity1933 -short hairpin RNA dual functional molecular probe transfected into XXXX cells in vitro].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of superparamagnetic @entity1933 -short hairpin RNA (SPIO-ShRNA) dual functional molecular probes of different concentrations on morphology and biological behavior of @entity43 SKOV3 cells in vitro. METHODS: The dual functional molecular probes at an @entity68 concentration of 5, 15, 30, 45, 75, and 100 mg/L were transfected into SKOV3 cells. The transfection rate of the probe was observed by fluorescence microscope. The distribution and content of @entity68 particles in SKOV3 cells were determined by Prussian blue staining, atomic adsorption spectrometer and electron microscopy. Cell viability was observed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8).The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of protein within the cells was detected by Western blot. The changes of the signal intensity were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: The SPIO-ShRNA dual functional molecular probe was uptaken in aconcentration-dependence manner within a certain range (5-30 mg/L). When the concentration of the probe was 45 mg/L, the labeling rate of the cell was close to 100%; With the increase of the concentration of probe, the cell survival rate decreased gradually. The cell survival rate of each experimental group were 94.626%  1.050%, 93.373%  1.180%, 91.700%  3.122%, 75.100%  4.362%, 72.983%  3.233%, 71.010%  2.910%,5, 15, 30 mg/L cell survival rate was not significantly decreased, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.226, P=0.068, P=0.475); When the concentration of the probe was greater than or equal to 45 mg/L,the survival rate decreased obviously (P<0.001); Group of 45 mg/L protein expression rate was 68.905%  3.510%, When the concentration of the probe was greater than or equal to 45 mg/L, the inhibition rate of the protein expression level of @entity470 was obviously higher than those of 5, 15, and 30 mg/L groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001, P=0.001, P=0.003, all P<0.01); the MRI displayed that the signal intensity was decreased with increasing concentrations of the probe. The signal intensity of 45 mg/L group was 165.55  4.92, compared with the blank control group(same volume of @entity4613 buffer saline), normal group (unlabeled @entity43 SKOV3 cells), 5, 15, and 30 mg/L groups , the signal intensity of 45 mg/L group decreased significantly (all P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The dual functional molecular probe can effectively transfect and specifically inhibit the expression of SKOV3 cell lines at the @entity68 concentration of 45 mg/L, and can also be detected by MRI. The role of diagnosis and treatment of the dual functional molecular probe has been initially confirmed.

title: [Optimal concentration of superparamagnetic XXXX -short hairpin RNA dual functional molecular probe transfected into @entity43 cells in vitro].

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The impact of @entity3379 drug uptake transporters in drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is increasingly recognized. @entity6906 and @entity6907 are @entity1 hepatic uptake transporters that can mediate liver uptake of a wide variety of drugs. Recently, we generated @entity19 with liver-specific expression of @entity1 @entity6906 or @entity6907 in a @entity19 Oatp1a/1b knockout background. Here, we investigated the applicability of these @entity19 in @entity3379 -mediated drug-drug interaction studies using the prototypic @entity3379 inhibitor @entity1215 and a good @entity3379 substrate, the anticancer drug @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ). We next assessed the possibility of @entity3379 -mediated interactions between @entity9887 and @entity6822 , a clinically relevant drug combination. Using HEK293 cells overexpressing @entity6906 or @entity6907 , we estimated IC50 values for both @entity1215 (0.9 or 0.3  M) and @entity9887 (6.7 or 7.9  M) in inhibiting @entity3379 -mediated @entity6822 uptake in vitro. Using wild-type, Oatp1a/1b-/-, and @entity6906 - or @entity6907 -humanized @entity19 , we found that @entity1215 inhibits hepatic uptake of @entity6822 mediated by the @entity19 Oatp1a/1b and @entity1 @entity6906 and @entity6907 transporters at clinically relevant concentrations. This highlights the applicability of these @entity19 models for DDI studies and may be exploited in the clinic to reduce the dose and thus @entity1499 -mediated @entity137 . On the other hand, @entity9887 inhibited only @entity1 @entity6906 -mediated hepatic uptake of @entity6822 at concentrations higher than those used in the clinic; therefore risks for @entity3379 -mediated clinical DDIs for this drug combination are likely to be low. Overall, we show here that @entity6906 - and @entity6907 -humanized @entity19 can be used as in vivo tools to assess and possibly predict clinically relevant DDIs.

title: Preclinical @entity19 Models To Study @entity1 XXXX - and @entity6907 -Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions in Vivo.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

answer: @entity6906 :: (10599,Gene) :: ['OATP1B1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The impact of @entity3379 drug uptake transporters in drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is increasingly recognized. @entity6906 and @entity6907 are @entity1 hepatic uptake transporters that can mediate liver uptake of a wide variety of drugs. Recently, we generated @entity19 with liver-specific expression of @entity1 @entity6906 or @entity6907 in a @entity19 Oatp1a/1b knockout background. Here, we investigated the applicability of these @entity19 in @entity3379 -mediated drug-drug interaction studies using the prototypic @entity3379 inhibitor @entity1215 and a good @entity3379 substrate, the anticancer drug @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ). We next assessed the possibility of @entity3379 -mediated interactions between @entity9887 and @entity6822 , a clinically relevant drug combination. Using HEK293 cells overexpressing @entity6906 or @entity6907 , we estimated IC50 values for both @entity1215 (0.9 or 0.3  M) and @entity9887 (6.7 or 7.9  M) in inhibiting @entity3379 -mediated @entity6822 uptake in vitro. Using wild-type, Oatp1a/1b-/-, and @entity6906 - or @entity6907 -humanized @entity19 , we found that @entity1215 inhibits hepatic uptake of @entity6822 mediated by the @entity19 Oatp1a/1b and @entity1 @entity6906 and @entity6907 transporters at clinically relevant concentrations. This highlights the applicability of these @entity19 models for DDI studies and may be exploited in the clinic to reduce the dose and thus @entity1499 -mediated @entity137 . On the other hand, @entity9887 inhibited only @entity1 @entity6906 -mediated hepatic uptake of @entity6822 at concentrations higher than those used in the clinic; therefore risks for @entity3379 -mediated clinical DDIs for this drug combination are likely to be low. Overall, we show here that @entity6906 - and @entity6907 -humanized @entity19 can be used as in vivo tools to assess and possibly predict clinically relevant DDIs.

title: Preclinical @entity19 Models To Study @entity1 @entity6906 - and XXXX -Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions in Vivo.

answer: @entity6907 :: (28234,Gene) :: ['OATP1B3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The impact of @entity3379 drug uptake transporters in drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is increasingly recognized. @entity6906 and @entity6907 are @entity1 hepatic uptake transporters that can mediate liver uptake of a wide variety of drugs. Recently, we generated @entity19 with liver-specific expression of @entity1 @entity6906 or @entity6907 in a @entity19 Oatp1a/1b knockout background. Here, we investigated the applicability of these @entity19 in @entity3379 -mediated drug-drug interaction studies using the prototypic @entity3379 inhibitor @entity1215 and a good @entity3379 substrate, the anticancer drug @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ). We next assessed the possibility of @entity3379 -mediated interactions between @entity9887 and @entity6822 , a clinically relevant drug combination. Using HEK293 cells overexpressing @entity6906 or @entity6907 , we estimated IC50 values for both @entity1215 (0.9 or 0.3  M) and @entity9887 (6.7 or 7.9  M) in inhibiting @entity3379 -mediated @entity6822 uptake in vitro. Using wild-type, Oatp1a/1b-/-, and @entity6906 - or @entity6907 -humanized @entity19 , we found that @entity1215 inhibits hepatic uptake of @entity6822 mediated by the @entity19 Oatp1a/1b and @entity1 @entity6906 and @entity6907 transporters at clinically relevant concentrations. This highlights the applicability of these @entity19 models for DDI studies and may be exploited in the clinic to reduce the dose and thus @entity1499 -mediated @entity137 . On the other hand, @entity9887 inhibited only @entity1 @entity6906 -mediated hepatic uptake of @entity6822 at concentrations higher than those used in the clinic; therefore risks for @entity3379 -mediated clinical DDIs for this drug combination are likely to be low. Overall, we show here that @entity6906 - and @entity6907 -humanized @entity19 can be used as in vivo tools to assess and possibly predict clinically relevant DDIs.

title: Preclinical XXXX Models To Study @entity1 @entity6906 - and @entity6907 -Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions in Vivo.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The impact of @entity3379 drug uptake transporters in drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is increasingly recognized. @entity6906 and @entity6907 are @entity1 hepatic uptake transporters that can mediate liver uptake of a wide variety of drugs. Recently, we generated @entity19 with liver-specific expression of @entity1 @entity6906 or @entity6907 in a @entity19 Oatp1a/1b knockout background. Here, we investigated the applicability of these @entity19 in @entity3379 -mediated drug-drug interaction studies using the prototypic @entity3379 inhibitor @entity1215 and a good @entity3379 substrate, the anticancer drug @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ). We next assessed the possibility of @entity3379 -mediated interactions between @entity9887 and @entity6822 , a clinically relevant drug combination. Using HEK293 cells overexpressing @entity6906 or @entity6907 , we estimated IC50 values for both @entity1215 (0.9 or 0.3  M) and @entity9887 (6.7 or 7.9  M) in inhibiting @entity3379 -mediated @entity6822 uptake in vitro. Using wild-type, Oatp1a/1b-/-, and @entity6906 - or @entity6907 -humanized @entity19 , we found that @entity1215 inhibits hepatic uptake of @entity6822 mediated by the @entity19 Oatp1a/1b and @entity1 @entity6906 and @entity6907 transporters at clinically relevant concentrations. This highlights the applicability of these @entity19 models for DDI studies and may be exploited in the clinic to reduce the dose and thus @entity1499 -mediated @entity137 . On the other hand, @entity9887 inhibited only @entity1 @entity6906 -mediated hepatic uptake of @entity6822 at concentrations higher than those used in the clinic; therefore risks for @entity3379 -mediated clinical DDIs for this drug combination are likely to be low. Overall, we show here that @entity6906 - and @entity6907 -humanized @entity19 can be used as in vivo tools to assess and possibly predict clinically relevant DDIs.

title: Preclinical @entity19 Models To Study XXXX @entity6906 - and @entity6907 -Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions in Vivo.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity263 is the second leading cause of @entity5 in @entity1 , second only to @entity2 , mainly due to disease reoccurrence as a result to lack of response to @entity342 deprivation therapies (ADT) after castration. @entity1 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 (mCRPC) have very limited treatment options, with @entity1205 as the first-line standard of care, for which resistance to this chemotherapeutic ultimately develops. Therefore, finding ways to sensitize @entity5 to chemotherapies and to limit chemoresistance provides a viable strategy to extend the survival of mCRPC @entity1 . This study investigated the role of @entity43166 ( @entity43166 /K2), a member of the Kindlin family of FERM domain proteins and key regulators of the adhesive functions mediated by integrin, in the sensitization of mCRPC to chemotherapeutics. Loss of K2, which is overexpressed in @entity263 cells derived from mCRPC @entity5 , compared with those cells derived from @entity342 -dependent @entity5 , significantly enhanced apoptosis and cell death of @entity1205 -treated PC3 cells. Furthermore, it was determined that K2-mediated sensitization to @entity1205 treatment is the result of inhibition of b1-integrin signaling. Finally, miR-138 specifically targeted K2 and inhibited its expression, thereby regulating a miR-138/K2/b1-integrin signaling axis in mCRPC that is critical for the modulation of sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. Thus, these data identify a novel signaling axis where K2 in combination with chemotherapeutics provides a new target for the treatment of mCRPC. IMPLICATIONS: Targeted inhibition of @entity43166 in combination with chemotherapy represents an effective treatment option for mCRPC. Mol Cancer Res; 14(2); 1-11.   2015 AACR.

title: miR-138-Mediated Regulation of XXXX Expression Modulates Sensitivity to Chemotherapeutics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity43166 :: (10979,Gene) :: ['KINDLIN-2']


abstract: The SNF1 protein kinase is required for the regulatory response to @entity413 starvation in @entity375 . SNF1 is a protein @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase that has been widely conserved in both plants and mammals. Previously, we identified @entity69990 and @entity69991 as proteins that interact with SNF1 in vivo by the two-hybrid system. We have cloned the @entity69991 gene and the encoded protein is homologous to @entity69990 and to @entity69989 , which affects @entity413 repression of the GAL genes. We show that @entity69991 and @entity69989 , like @entity69990 , co-immunoprecipitate with SNF1 and are phosphorylated in vitro. An 80 @entity535 sequence, designated the ASC domain, is highly conserved at the C-termini of all three proteins. We show that this small domain can mediate protein-protein interaction with the SNF1 kinase complex. Thus, @entity69990 , @entity69991 and @entity69989 define a family of homologous proteins that are tightly associated with the SNF1 kinase, probably in alternative forms of the complex. Genetic evidence suggests that the three proteins have distinct, but related, functions in the SNF1 pathway, and deletion of @entity69989 dramatically reduces SNF1 activity in immune complex assays. We propose that @entity69990 , @entity69991 and @entity69989 act as adaptors that promote the activity of SNF1 towards specific targets.

title: A family of proteins containing a conserved domain that mediates interaction with the XXXX SNF1 protein kinase complex.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine time trends and geographical variations in the incidence of major amputation for peripheral @entity455 and whether lower rates of amputation were related to higher rates of arterial reconstruction. DESIGN: Analysis of Scottish hospital discharge data. SETTING: Scotland 1981-1990. MATERIALS: @entity1 undergoing major amputation or arterial reconstruction for peripheral @entity455 . CHIEF OUTCOME MEASURES: Time trends in age-sex standardised rates of major amputation and arterial reconstruction, and correlation between the rates of these operations by health board. MAIN RESULTS: In Scotland, between 1981 and 1990, the incidence of major amputation fell by 22% (p < 0.001). Inconsistencies were observed within different age-sex groups. In the population under 65 years of age the incidence of amputation fell by 45% (p < 0.001), whereas in those over 65 years the incidence increased by 54% (p < 0.001). Amputation rates fell in @entity1 but a paradoxical increase was observed in @entity1 . Between 1981 and 1990, rates of arterial reconstruction doubled (p < 0.001), with an increase in all age-sex groups. Rates of amputation and reconstruction varied between health boards of residence, with a positive correlation (r = 0.5) between rates of operations within health board. Therefore areas with higher reconstruction rates tended to have higher amputation rates. CONCLUSIONS: In Scotland, the incidence of amputation has fallen during a period when reconstruction rates have risen greatly. However inconsistencies in time trends by age-sex groups, and the lack of an inverse correlation by health board of residence, suggest that fewer amputations are unlikely to be due solely to an increase in reconstructive surgery.

title: Declining incidence of amputation for XXXX in Scotland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['arterial disease']


abstract: Well-characterized aliquots of adult porcine and @entity35 islets of comparable beta-cell mass were transplanted under the kidney capsule of @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity19 . In both porcine and @entity35 islet grafts, beta-cell mass decreased significantly in the first 2 months and stabilized thereafter. As with beta-cell mass, insulin content decreased significantly in the first 2 months to almost 40% of that originally implanted. In porcine grafts, however, insulin content at 4 months was significantly higher than at 2 months. The endocrine non-beta-cell mass of grafts also decreased significantly after transplantation: in porcine grafts, the decrease was less than in @entity35 and was limited to the first 2 months. beta-cell replication of engrafted islets was significantly lower in porcine than in @entity35 grafts. Although beta-cell mass of porcine and @entity35 grafts was similar at all time periods, recipients of porcine islets required a significantly longer time to reach normal @entity413 levels; nonetheless, their blood @entity413 levels continued to decrease and stabilized at levels significantly lower than those of normal @entity19 . During oral and intraperitoneal @entity413 tolerance tests, blood @entity413 increased only slightly in both the recipients of porcine and @entity35 grafts. When graft-bearing kidneys were perfused in situ, porcine islet grafts showed a 20-fold increase in insulin release in response to both @entity413 and @entity369 . In conclusion, this evidence that adult porcine islet grafts can bring @entity413 levels to those that are normal for @entity1 provides further support of their potential for @entity1 islet replacement therapy.

title: Function, mass, and replication of porcine and XXXX islets transplanted into @entity6 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Well-characterized aliquots of adult porcine and @entity35 islets of comparable beta-cell mass were transplanted under the kidney capsule of @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity19 . In both porcine and @entity35 islet grafts, beta-cell mass decreased significantly in the first 2 months and stabilized thereafter. As with beta-cell mass, insulin content decreased significantly in the first 2 months to almost 40% of that originally implanted. In porcine grafts, however, insulin content at 4 months was significantly higher than at 2 months. The endocrine non-beta-cell mass of grafts also decreased significantly after transplantation: in porcine grafts, the decrease was less than in @entity35 and was limited to the first 2 months. beta-cell replication of engrafted islets was significantly lower in porcine than in @entity35 grafts. Although beta-cell mass of porcine and @entity35 grafts was similar at all time periods, recipients of porcine islets required a significantly longer time to reach normal @entity413 levels; nonetheless, their blood @entity413 levels continued to decrease and stabilized at levels significantly lower than those of normal @entity19 . During oral and intraperitoneal @entity413 tolerance tests, blood @entity413 increased only slightly in both the recipients of porcine and @entity35 grafts. When graft-bearing kidneys were perfused in situ, porcine islet grafts showed a 20-fold increase in insulin release in response to both @entity413 and @entity369 . In conclusion, this evidence that adult porcine islet grafts can bring @entity413 levels to those that are normal for @entity1 provides further support of their potential for @entity1 islet replacement therapy.

title: Function, mass, and replication of porcine and @entity35 islets transplanted into XXXX @entity19 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Well-characterized aliquots of adult porcine and @entity35 islets of comparable beta-cell mass were transplanted under the kidney capsule of @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity19 . In both porcine and @entity35 islet grafts, beta-cell mass decreased significantly in the first 2 months and stabilized thereafter. As with beta-cell mass, insulin content decreased significantly in the first 2 months to almost 40% of that originally implanted. In porcine grafts, however, insulin content at 4 months was significantly higher than at 2 months. The endocrine non-beta-cell mass of grafts also decreased significantly after transplantation: in porcine grafts, the decrease was less than in @entity35 and was limited to the first 2 months. beta-cell replication of engrafted islets was significantly lower in porcine than in @entity35 grafts. Although beta-cell mass of porcine and @entity35 grafts was similar at all time periods, recipients of porcine islets required a significantly longer time to reach normal @entity413 levels; nonetheless, their blood @entity413 levels continued to decrease and stabilized at levels significantly lower than those of normal @entity19 . During oral and intraperitoneal @entity413 tolerance tests, blood @entity413 increased only slightly in both the recipients of porcine and @entity35 grafts. When graft-bearing kidneys were perfused in situ, porcine islet grafts showed a 20-fold increase in insulin release in response to both @entity413 and @entity369 . In conclusion, this evidence that adult porcine islet grafts can bring @entity413 levels to those that are normal for @entity1 provides further support of their potential for @entity1 islet replacement therapy.

title: Function, mass, and replication of porcine and @entity35 islets transplanted into @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: @entity5930 is a disorder caused by localized collections of proliferating histiocytes in the lung. Little is known about its etiology except that the majority (58 to 97%) of @entity1 are current or ex-smokers, making the potential etiologic role of @entity286 products an important area for research. @entity286 glycoprotein (TGP) is a potent immunostimulator that has been isolated from cigarette smoke. TGP-specific lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine production in vitro, were measured in three @entity1 with @entity5930 in remission and in three closely matched normal subjects with similar smoking histories. One @entity1 with @entity79 and a matched control subject were also studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with TGP, the recall antigen streptokinase (SK), and the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). All three of the @entity1 with @entity5930 exhibited significant decreases in lymphocyte stimulation to TGP, despite normal responses to SK and Con A. In contrast, the response of the @entity1 with @entity79 was higher than her matched control. The mean responses of the @entity1 with @entity5930 to TGP was significantly lower than the mean of nondiseased smokers or of normal nonsmokers. Twenty-four-hour culture supernatants were collected and assayed for cytokine levels ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , and @entity650 ). TGP-stimulated @entity1199 production was significantly lower in the @entity1 with @entity5930 than in the normal subjects, confirming the reduced T-cell proliferative response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Decreased @entity286 -glycoprotein-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma', 'Pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma of bone']

answer: @entity5930 :: (MESH:D011657,Disease) :: ['pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma']


abstract: @entity5930 is a disorder caused by localized collections of proliferating histiocytes in the lung. Little is known about its etiology except that the majority (58 to 97%) of @entity1 are current or ex-smokers, making the potential etiologic role of @entity286 products an important area for research. @entity286 glycoprotein (TGP) is a potent immunostimulator that has been isolated from cigarette smoke. TGP-specific lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine production in vitro, were measured in three @entity1 with @entity5930 in remission and in three closely matched normal subjects with similar smoking histories. One @entity1 with @entity79 and a matched control subject were also studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with TGP, the recall antigen streptokinase (SK), and the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). All three of the @entity1 with @entity5930 exhibited significant decreases in lymphocyte stimulation to TGP, despite normal responses to SK and Con A. In contrast, the response of the @entity1 with @entity79 was higher than her matched control. The mean responses of the @entity1 with @entity5930 to TGP was significantly lower than the mean of nondiseased smokers or of normal nonsmokers. Twenty-four-hour culture supernatants were collected and assayed for cytokine levels ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , and @entity650 ). TGP-stimulated @entity1199 production was significantly lower in the @entity1 with @entity5930 than in the normal subjects, confirming the reduced T-cell proliferative response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Decreased XXXX -glycoprotein-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro in @entity5930 .

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: In @entity1 , respiratory viral infections lead to increased airway responsiveness and exacerbations of @entity565 . In the present study, the role of @entity6171 ( @entity6171 ) in virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity32 was examined in @entity840 . In animals treated with control antibody, @entity15609 -3 virus significantly potentiated (219%) the @entity112 -induced increase in lung resistance compared with vehicle treatment. In addition, @entity1800 significantly increased (130 to 450%) the responsiveness of isolated tracheal segments to @entity112 in animals treated with control antibody. In @entity840 treated with control antibody, the numbers of eosinophils (226%), neutrophils (1,380%), and monocytes (626%) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly increased after @entity1800 . The level of major basic protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was not altered after @entity1800 . In addition, electron microscopic examination of eosinophils in airway tissue and alveolar lumen did not point to @entity1800 . In @entity840 treated with antibody to @entity6171 the virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to @entity112 both in vivo and in vitro was almost completely inhibited. In @entity840 treated with anti- @entity6171 , @entity1800 significantly increased the numbers of eosinophils (234%), neutrophils (1,255%), and monocytes (617%) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These data suggest that @entity6171 plays an important role in airway hyperresponsiveness to @entity112 but not in the infiltration of eosinophils after @entity1729 .

title: Antibody to XXXX inhibits virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to @entity112 in @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity15609 :: ('MESH:D018184', 'Disease') :: ['parainfluenza']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection', 'increased degranulation after viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory viral infection']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity6171 :: (100135558(Tax:10141),Gene) :: ['interleukin-5']


abstract: In @entity1 , respiratory viral infections lead to increased airway responsiveness and exacerbations of @entity565 . In the present study, the role of @entity6171 ( @entity6171 ) in virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity32 was examined in @entity840 . In animals treated with control antibody, @entity15609 -3 virus significantly potentiated (219%) the @entity112 -induced increase in lung resistance compared with vehicle treatment. In addition, @entity1800 significantly increased (130 to 450%) the responsiveness of isolated tracheal segments to @entity112 in animals treated with control antibody. In @entity840 treated with control antibody, the numbers of eosinophils (226%), neutrophils (1,380%), and monocytes (626%) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly increased after @entity1800 . The level of major basic protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was not altered after @entity1800 . In addition, electron microscopic examination of eosinophils in airway tissue and alveolar lumen did not point to @entity1800 . In @entity840 treated with antibody to @entity6171 the virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to @entity112 both in vivo and in vitro was almost completely inhibited. In @entity840 treated with anti- @entity6171 , @entity1800 significantly increased the numbers of eosinophils (234%), neutrophils (1,255%), and monocytes (617%) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These data suggest that @entity6171 plays an important role in airway hyperresponsiveness to @entity112 but not in the infiltration of eosinophils after @entity1729 .

title: Antibody to @entity6171 inhibits virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to XXXX in @entity840 .

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: In @entity1 , respiratory viral infections lead to increased airway responsiveness and exacerbations of @entity565 . In the present study, the role of @entity6171 ( @entity6171 ) in virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity32 was examined in @entity840 . In animals treated with control antibody, @entity15609 -3 virus significantly potentiated (219%) the @entity112 -induced increase in lung resistance compared with vehicle treatment. In addition, @entity1800 significantly increased (130 to 450%) the responsiveness of isolated tracheal segments to @entity112 in animals treated with control antibody. In @entity840 treated with control antibody, the numbers of eosinophils (226%), neutrophils (1,380%), and monocytes (626%) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly increased after @entity1800 . The level of major basic protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was not altered after @entity1800 . In addition, electron microscopic examination of eosinophils in airway tissue and alveolar lumen did not point to @entity1800 . In @entity840 treated with antibody to @entity6171 the virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to @entity112 both in vivo and in vitro was almost completely inhibited. In @entity840 treated with anti- @entity6171 , @entity1800 significantly increased the numbers of eosinophils (234%), neutrophils (1,255%), and monocytes (617%) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These data suggest that @entity6171 plays an important role in airway hyperresponsiveness to @entity112 but not in the infiltration of eosinophils after @entity1729 .

title: Antibody to @entity6171 inhibits virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to @entity112 in XXXX .

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: A novel non-ras 21-kDa protein ( @entity3544 ) was detected in sera of @entity5 @entity1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using polyclonal anti- @entity3544 antibodies. While only 4.6% of the healthy donors (n = 43) showed @entity3544 serum levels higher than the mean +/- 2 SD of the normal group, 33 to 80% of the @entity5 @entity1 (n = 94) with @entity5 were positive in the ELISA test. In particular, @entity1 with @entity706 , urogenital, and @entity1820 had a 2.8- to ninefold increase in @entity3544 serum levels. Elevated serum levels were also found in @entity1 with @entity1067 (3.2-fold increase). In 17 out of 22 @entity1 with @entity5 , changes in serum @entity3544 levels correlated with the clinical course of the disease. In 15 @entity1 , a favorable response to therapy was correlated with a decline in serum @entity3544 level. Two @entity1 with @entity1358 showed increased or persistently high levels of @entity3544 after surgery and were subsequently found to have distant metastases. Expression of @entity3544 in ten @entity1358 tissues was determined by Western blotting. There was a trend toward a higher content of @entity3544 in the less-differentiated @entity5 tissues. In conclusion, @entity3544 may be a useful indicator in monitoring the outcome of treatment in @entity1 with various @entity5 . In @entity1 with @entity1358 , @entity3544 serum levels may be of particular importance because no other @entity5 marker is available.

title: Increased levels of a 21-kDa protein in the circulation of XXXX -bearing @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['various tumors', 'tumor', 'urogenital tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A novel non-ras 21-kDa protein ( @entity3544 ) was detected in sera of @entity5 @entity1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using polyclonal anti- @entity3544 antibodies. While only 4.6% of the healthy donors (n = 43) showed @entity3544 serum levels higher than the mean +/- 2 SD of the normal group, 33 to 80% of the @entity5 @entity1 (n = 94) with @entity5 were positive in the ELISA test. In particular, @entity1 with @entity706 , urogenital, and @entity1820 had a 2.8- to ninefold increase in @entity3544 serum levels. Elevated serum levels were also found in @entity1 with @entity1067 (3.2-fold increase). In 17 out of 22 @entity1 with @entity5 , changes in serum @entity3544 levels correlated with the clinical course of the disease. In 15 @entity1 , a favorable response to therapy was correlated with a decline in serum @entity3544 level. Two @entity1 with @entity1358 showed increased or persistently high levels of @entity3544 after surgery and were subsequently found to have distant metastases. Expression of @entity3544 in ten @entity1358 tissues was determined by Western blotting. There was a trend toward a higher content of @entity3544 in the less-differentiated @entity5 tissues. In conclusion, @entity3544 may be a useful indicator in monitoring the outcome of treatment in @entity1 with various @entity5 . In @entity1 with @entity1358 , @entity3544 serum levels may be of particular importance because no other @entity5 marker is available.

title: Increased levels of a 21-kDa protein in the circulation of @entity5 -bearing XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Oncogenesis in @entity19 is at present a model, most adequately reflecting the natural conditions of @entity5 development. One of more important traits of this model is that it allows to study malignant growth simultaneously at all the structure-function levels in the context of the whole organism. This paper is a review of results of a series of experiments in which the localization of @entity5 was dependent or independent on the tissue specificity of a promoter, as well as development of @entity5 with the use of viral regulatory sequences in genetic constructions. It has been shown that although a transgene is expressed in most of the tissues, @entity5 develop in some particular tissues only. These observations are interpreted by some authors in favour of the concept of multistep cancerogenesis. In this view, of primary importance are the results of studies on oncogenesis in @entity19 , which contradict this concept and are regarded by their authors as an evidence of the possibility of a one-step transformation of normal cell into malignant one. The analysis of the obtained material enabled us to put forward an assumption that the key role in oncogenesis is played not only by certain genetic disturbances, but also by multi-level homeostatic mechanisms. Apparently, it is just the @entity19 with cellular or viral oncogenes in their genome that represent a more adequate model for the detection of certain molecular-biological mechanisms underlying these disturbances. Also, of much importance is abundant material accumulated by now on oncogenesis of @entity19 which shows a possibility of the effective use of various genetic constructions with prokaryotic and eukaryotic regulatory sequences, a possibility to induce not only @entity5 of some particular tissues, but also multiple hyperplastic and neoplastic changes in one and the same @entity19 . Development of @entity5 in such @entity19 can be regarded as a model of different types of @entity5 .

title: [Oncogenesis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'cancer disease', 'tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity5380 (CMs) are a source of @entity16 from @entity410 and focal @entity51 due to mass effect and @entity548 . Although several natural history reports exist for adults with CMs, similar data for pediatric @entity1 are limited. METHODS The authors reviewed hospital databases to identify @entity1 with CMs who had not been treated surgically and who had clinical and radiological follow-up. @entity548 rates were calculated in lesion-years, and risk factors were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS In a cohort of 167 @entity1 with 222 CMs, the mean @entity1 age at the time of diagnosis was 10.1 years old (SD 6.0). Ninety @entity1 (54%) were male. One hundred four @entity1 (62%) presented with @entity548 from at least 1 CM, 58 (35%) with @entity410 with or without @entity548 , and 43 (26%) with incidental lesions. Twenty-five @entity1 (15%) had multiple CMs, 17 (10%) had a family history of CMs, and 33 (20%) had radiologically apparent @entity600 ( @entity600 ). The overall annual @entity548 rate was 3.3%. Permanent @entity16 was 29% per @entity548 , increasing to 45% for brainstem, thalamic, or basal ganglia CM and decreasing to 15% for supratentorial lobar or @entity76 . The annual @entity548 rate for incidental CMs was 0.5%; for hemorrhagic CMs, it was 11.3%, increasing to 18.2% within the first 3 years. @entity548 clustering within 3 years was statistically significant (HR 6.1, 95% CI 1.72-21.7, p = 0.005). On multivariate analysis, hemorrhagic presentation (HR 4.63, 95% CI 1.53-14.1, p = 0.007), brainstem location (HR 4.42, 95% CI 1.57-12.4, p = 0.005), and an associated radiologically apparent DVA (HR 2.91, 95% CI 1.04-8.09, p = 0.04) emerged as significant risk factors for @entity548 , whereas age, sex, CM multiplicity, and CM family history did not. CONCLUSIONS Prior @entity548 , brainstem location, and associated @entity600 are significant risk factors for symptomatic @entity548 in @entity1 with CMs. @entity548 clustering within the first 3 years of a bleed can occur, a potentially important factor in @entity1 management and counseling.

title: The natural history of XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Annual hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage', 'CM hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['developmental venous anomalies', 'DVAs']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity5380 :: ('MESH:D020786', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral cavernous malformations']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar lesions']

answer: @entity5380 :: (MESH:D020786,Disease) :: ['cerebral cavernous malformations']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity5380 (CMs) are a source of @entity16 from @entity410 and focal @entity51 due to mass effect and @entity548 . Although several natural history reports exist for adults with CMs, similar data for pediatric @entity1 are limited. METHODS The authors reviewed hospital databases to identify @entity1 with CMs who had not been treated surgically and who had clinical and radiological follow-up. @entity548 rates were calculated in lesion-years, and risk factors were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS In a cohort of 167 @entity1 with 222 CMs, the mean @entity1 age at the time of diagnosis was 10.1 years old (SD 6.0). Ninety @entity1 (54%) were male. One hundred four @entity1 (62%) presented with @entity548 from at least 1 CM, 58 (35%) with @entity410 with or without @entity548 , and 43 (26%) with incidental lesions. Twenty-five @entity1 (15%) had multiple CMs, 17 (10%) had a family history of CMs, and 33 (20%) had radiologically apparent @entity600 ( @entity600 ). The overall annual @entity548 rate was 3.3%. Permanent @entity16 was 29% per @entity548 , increasing to 45% for brainstem, thalamic, or basal ganglia CM and decreasing to 15% for supratentorial lobar or @entity76 . The annual @entity548 rate for incidental CMs was 0.5%; for hemorrhagic CMs, it was 11.3%, increasing to 18.2% within the first 3 years. @entity548 clustering within 3 years was statistically significant (HR 6.1, 95% CI 1.72-21.7, p = 0.005). On multivariate analysis, hemorrhagic presentation (HR 4.63, 95% CI 1.53-14.1, p = 0.007), brainstem location (HR 4.42, 95% CI 1.57-12.4, p = 0.005), and an associated radiologically apparent DVA (HR 2.91, 95% CI 1.04-8.09, p = 0.04) emerged as significant risk factors for @entity548 , whereas age, sex, CM multiplicity, and CM family history did not. CONCLUSIONS Prior @entity548 , brainstem location, and associated @entity600 are significant risk factors for symptomatic @entity548 in @entity1 with CMs. @entity548 clustering within the first 3 years of a bleed can occur, a potentially important factor in @entity1 management and counseling.

title: The natural history of @entity5380 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Since the introduction of embolic coils in the early 1990s, endovascular treatment has gained much traction for use when treating ruptured and unruptured @entity438 . Three prospective studies have been conducted comparing endovascular coil embolization versus clipping for ruptured @entity438 . The first study took place in Finland and was the first head-to-head look at treating @entity1756 by either endovascular coiling or surgical clipping. Results from this study suggested better functional outcome after endovascular treatment than surgery at the expenses of higher rates of incomplete @entity439 . The second largest and only multicenter study was the International @entity510 Trial (ISAT). The ISAT took place across Europe and was the first large-scale comparison between endovascular and surgical treatments. The results from this study caused a major opinion shift across the world in regards to optimal treatment of @entity1756 . Additionally, the quantity of data from this study allowed for many subgroup analyses to be made. However, to assess the generalizability of the ISAT study, the Barrow Neurological Institute investigators conducted a single-center study. The intent of this latter study was to remove any potential bias and preselection by enrolling every consenting @entity1 that presented with the designated pathology without any exclusion. However, this enrollment strategy resulted in a high percentage of @entity1 with @entity439 not suitable for endovascular therapy being assigned to the coil group which in turn resulted in a high rate of turn over from the endovascular to the surgical arm of the study. Despite, these limitations, this latter trial presented similar results as the Kuopio and ISAT. Although each of these trials was not methodologically flawless, the combined results from all three suggest that endovascular treatment of @entity1756 suitable for this treatment strategy results in quicker recovery and better functional outcomes at one year at the expenses of lower rates of complete @entity439 frequently requiring retreatment.

title: Trials and tribulations: an evidence-based approach to XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Subarachnoid Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm obliteration', 'aneurysm occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severity of focal @entity1119 (FAH) hitherto is estimated semiquantitatively by weighting the secreted sweat with the sweating area visualized by @entity1496 starch test. In this study, we quantified secretion (mg/cm(2) per min) simply by estimating the sweating area morphometrically via point counting. We have named the numeric value obtained the @entity1119 area and secretion index (HASI). METHODS: In 183 @entity1 (146 @entity1 , 37 @entity1 ) with focal @entity1119 , seen in a city hospital outpatient clinic, sweat secretion was assessed by gravimetry and the area of Minor's @entity1496 -starch test determined by point counting. Values were analyzed with respect to gender, age, and body surface area. RESULTS: HASI values, combined for both axillae, ranged from 0.21 to 22.8  mg/cm(2) per minute with only minor gender differences. @entity1 had larger sweating areas than @entity1 did. The comparison of left to right side axillae did not disclose substantial differences. No correlation was found between age and HASI values. A subgroup analysis of 91 @entity1 showed a good correlation of HASI values with body surface area. CONCLUSION: HASI allows for a quantification of sweat secretion per time interval and area unit, thus facilitating pre- and post-test assessment of sweat intensity as well as a comparison between the results of different studies.

title: Quantification of sweat secretion in focal XXXX related to area and time: the @entity1119 area and secretion index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['axillary hyperhidrosis', 'hyperhidrosis']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['axillary hyperhidrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severity of focal @entity1119 (FAH) hitherto is estimated semiquantitatively by weighting the secreted sweat with the sweating area visualized by @entity1496 starch test. In this study, we quantified secretion (mg/cm(2) per min) simply by estimating the sweating area morphometrically via point counting. We have named the numeric value obtained the @entity1119 area and secretion index (HASI). METHODS: In 183 @entity1 (146 @entity1 , 37 @entity1 ) with focal @entity1119 , seen in a city hospital outpatient clinic, sweat secretion was assessed by gravimetry and the area of Minor's @entity1496 -starch test determined by point counting. Values were analyzed with respect to gender, age, and body surface area. RESULTS: HASI values, combined for both axillae, ranged from 0.21 to 22.8  mg/cm(2) per minute with only minor gender differences. @entity1 had larger sweating areas than @entity1 did. The comparison of left to right side axillae did not disclose substantial differences. No correlation was found between age and HASI values. A subgroup analysis of 91 @entity1 showed a good correlation of HASI values with body surface area. CONCLUSION: HASI allows for a quantification of sweat secretion per time interval and area unit, thus facilitating pre- and post-test assessment of sweat intensity as well as a comparison between the results of different studies.

title: Quantification of sweat secretion in focal @entity1119 related to area and time: the XXXX area and secretion index.

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: This investigation was attempted to clarify the effects of dietary hyperlipidemic components and fish oil on concentration of lipids in liver and liver @entity844 profile of @entity35 . In a first experiment male @entity35 were maintained on a semipurified low-fat diet with 6.5% coconut oil and 1.5% safflower oil, but without added @entity165 , or a high-fat hyperlipidemic diet supplemented with 7.3% coconut oil, 7.3% beef tallow, 0.4% safflower oil, and 1.5% @entity165 for 28 days. @entity35 fed the hyperlipidemic diet were then switched to fish oil diets with 1.4%, 2.8%, and 5.6% fish oil in exchange for coconut oil and beef tallow for, respectively, 10 and 20 days. In a second experiment male @entity35 were fed low-fat or high-fat diets without or with 1.5% added @entity165 for 28 days. Half of each group was then changed to a fish oil diet (for 20 days) which contained 5.6% fish oil in exchange for coconut oil and beef tallow. In experiment 1, @entity35 fed the hyperlipidemic diet @entity382 within 28 days. Experiment 2 showed that @entity165 in the diet was responsible for the accumulating liver lipids. Feeding diets with added @entity165 , the proportions of @entity1718 ( @entity10194 ), especially 18:0, were markedly reduced in liver, whereas levels of @entity6221 ( @entity8981 ) were greatly increased compared to diets without added @entity165 . This increase was most pronounced with respect to 16:1 and 18:1. In contrast, fish oil diets lowered @entity8981 level in liver in spite of its high @entity8981 content. @entity35 fed the highly saturated hyperlipidemic diet low in 18:2 n-6 had reduced 18:2 n-6 levels in liver compared to @entity35 fed the low-fat diet without added @entity165 . Also, 20:4 n-6 level in liver was markedly reduced after the administration of the hyperlipidemic diet or the fish oil diets. Results of experiment 2 elucidate that @entity165 as well as fish oil sharply lowered 20:4 n-6 level in liver, which might be due to a reduced desaturation. In both experiments feeding fish oil increased all long-chain n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) in liver. This occurred in a dose-dependent fashion and reached a maximum level with 5.6% fish oil in the diet. When additional @entity165 was applied 22:6 n-3 level in liver fell. This indicates also an impaired desaturation of @entity5204 due to dietary @entity165 .

title: Effect of dietary hyperlipidemic components and fish oil on concentration of lipids in liver and liver XXXX profile of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['had enlarged fatty livers']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: This investigation was attempted to clarify the effects of dietary hyperlipidemic components and fish oil on concentration of lipids in liver and liver @entity844 profile of @entity35 . In a first experiment male @entity35 were maintained on a semipurified low-fat diet with 6.5% coconut oil and 1.5% safflower oil, but without added @entity165 , or a high-fat hyperlipidemic diet supplemented with 7.3% coconut oil, 7.3% beef tallow, 0.4% safflower oil, and 1.5% @entity165 for 28 days. @entity35 fed the hyperlipidemic diet were then switched to fish oil diets with 1.4%, 2.8%, and 5.6% fish oil in exchange for coconut oil and beef tallow for, respectively, 10 and 20 days. In a second experiment male @entity35 were fed low-fat or high-fat diets without or with 1.5% added @entity165 for 28 days. Half of each group was then changed to a fish oil diet (for 20 days) which contained 5.6% fish oil in exchange for coconut oil and beef tallow. In experiment 1, @entity35 fed the hyperlipidemic diet @entity382 within 28 days. Experiment 2 showed that @entity165 in the diet was responsible for the accumulating liver lipids. Feeding diets with added @entity165 , the proportions of @entity1718 ( @entity10194 ), especially 18:0, were markedly reduced in liver, whereas levels of @entity6221 ( @entity8981 ) were greatly increased compared to diets without added @entity165 . This increase was most pronounced with respect to 16:1 and 18:1. In contrast, fish oil diets lowered @entity8981 level in liver in spite of its high @entity8981 content. @entity35 fed the highly saturated hyperlipidemic diet low in 18:2 n-6 had reduced 18:2 n-6 levels in liver compared to @entity35 fed the low-fat diet without added @entity165 . Also, 20:4 n-6 level in liver was markedly reduced after the administration of the hyperlipidemic diet or the fish oil diets. Results of experiment 2 elucidate that @entity165 as well as fish oil sharply lowered 20:4 n-6 level in liver, which might be due to a reduced desaturation. In both experiments feeding fish oil increased all long-chain n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) in liver. This occurred in a dose-dependent fashion and reached a maximum level with 5.6% fish oil in the diet. When additional @entity165 was applied 22:6 n-3 level in liver fell. This indicates also an impaired desaturation of @entity5204 due to dietary @entity165 .

title: Effect of dietary hyperlipidemic components and fish oil on concentration of lipids in liver and liver @entity844 profile of XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: 26 @entity1 were treated for @entity170 with 40 mg of @entity3163 twice a day (equivalent 36 mg of @entity2862 ) for a longer period. Mostly by reason of incompatibility, a reduction to half of the dose was necessary in six of these @entity1 . The control of plasma @entity1388 concentration indicated that only 10 @entity1 took their medicine regularly. Before treatment as well as three and six months after beginning of treatment the @entity1 were examined. In these examinations bone density was measured across the middle phalanx of the middle finger with a I-125-profile scanner. Size and function of the thyroid gland were evaluated by clinical aspects and with in vivo- and in vitro-methods for thyroid diagnostic. The program includes also a check up with a 12 canal-serum-autoanalyzer. In 10 @entity1 with warranted regular intake of the drug the increase of bone density was significant after three months already. In all 26 @entity1 a considerable increase of the alkaline phosphatase after three months was evident. Under the influence of @entity3163 no change was seen in function and size of thyroid gland. This result verifies the efficiency of @entity3163 in @entity170 -therapy without any measurable influence on thyroid function.

title: [ XXXX therapy and thyroid function. Influence of 6 months of @entity3163 treatment on thyroid function and bone density].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorine']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: 26 @entity1 were treated for @entity170 with 40 mg of @entity3163 twice a day (equivalent 36 mg of @entity2862 ) for a longer period. Mostly by reason of incompatibility, a reduction to half of the dose was necessary in six of these @entity1 . The control of plasma @entity1388 concentration indicated that only 10 @entity1 took their medicine regularly. Before treatment as well as three and six months after beginning of treatment the @entity1 were examined. In these examinations bone density was measured across the middle phalanx of the middle finger with a I-125-profile scanner. Size and function of the thyroid gland were evaluated by clinical aspects and with in vivo- and in vitro-methods for thyroid diagnostic. The program includes also a check up with a 12 canal-serum-autoanalyzer. In 10 @entity1 with warranted regular intake of the drug the increase of bone density was significant after three months already. In all 26 @entity1 a considerable increase of the alkaline phosphatase after three months was evident. Under the influence of @entity3163 no change was seen in function and size of thyroid gland. This result verifies the efficiency of @entity3163 in @entity170 -therapy without any measurable influence on thyroid function.

title: [ @entity170 therapy and thyroid function. Influence of 6 months of XXXX treatment on thyroid function and bone density].

answer: @entity3163 :: (MESH:D012969,Chemical) :: ['sodium fluoride']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Fast-acting @entity2690 analogues (FAIAs) are being used more frequently during pregnancy. Previous studies comparing regular @entity2690 (RI) and FAIA consist primarily of @entity1 enrolled with pre-existing @entity6 ; therefore, we compared pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in @entity1 with @entity6677 . METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 197 pregnant @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) requiring @entity2690 treatment for glycemic control. Individuals were divided into 2 groups: RI (n = 55) and FAIA (aspart or lispro; n = 142). Pregnancy outcomes, including caesarean section rate, and neonatal outcomes, including @entity8455 and ponderal index, were compared between groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in maternal baseline characteristics (age, parity, body mass index and @entity1017 ) between groups or in haemoglobinA1c before delivery. The frequency of emergency caesarean section (caesarean section after trial of labor) was not significantly different between groups (RI 16.7%, FAIA 24.7%; p = 0.452). There were no differences in frequencies of @entity8455 (RI 3.4%, FAIA 6.5%; p = 0.518), ponderal index (RI 2.65    0.5, FAIA 2.71    0.5; p = 0.322), cranial-thoracic circumference ratio (RI 1.07    0.06, FAIA 1.07    0.06; p = 0.386) or @entity4053 (RI 5.1%, FAIA 5.8%; p = 1.000). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that FAIA achieves similar pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in @entity6 compared with RI. Considering @entity1 convenience, FAIA may be better to use during pregnancy.

title: Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes in XXXX Treated with Regular @entity2690 or Fast-Acting @entity2690 Analogues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'GDM']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

answer: @entity6677 :: (MESH:D016640,Disease) :: ['Gestational Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Fast-acting @entity2690 analogues (FAIAs) are being used more frequently during pregnancy. Previous studies comparing regular @entity2690 (RI) and FAIA consist primarily of @entity1 enrolled with pre-existing @entity6 ; therefore, we compared pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in @entity1 with @entity6677 . METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 197 pregnant @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) requiring @entity2690 treatment for glycemic control. Individuals were divided into 2 groups: RI (n = 55) and FAIA (aspart or lispro; n = 142). Pregnancy outcomes, including caesarean section rate, and neonatal outcomes, including @entity8455 and ponderal index, were compared between groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in maternal baseline characteristics (age, parity, body mass index and @entity1017 ) between groups or in haemoglobinA1c before delivery. The frequency of emergency caesarean section (caesarean section after trial of labor) was not significantly different between groups (RI 16.7%, FAIA 24.7%; p = 0.452). There were no differences in frequencies of @entity8455 (RI 3.4%, FAIA 6.5%; p = 0.518), ponderal index (RI 2.65    0.5, FAIA 2.71    0.5; p = 0.322), cranial-thoracic circumference ratio (RI 1.07    0.06, FAIA 1.07    0.06; p = 0.386) or @entity4053 (RI 5.1%, FAIA 5.8%; p = 1.000). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that FAIA achieves similar pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in @entity6 compared with RI. Considering @entity1 convenience, FAIA may be better to use during pregnancy.

title: Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes in @entity6677 Treated with Regular XXXX or Fast-Acting @entity2690 Analogues.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Fast-acting @entity2690 analogues (FAIAs) are being used more frequently during pregnancy. Previous studies comparing regular @entity2690 (RI) and FAIA consist primarily of @entity1 enrolled with pre-existing @entity6 ; therefore, we compared pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in @entity1 with @entity6677 . METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 197 pregnant @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) requiring @entity2690 treatment for glycemic control. Individuals were divided into 2 groups: RI (n = 55) and FAIA (aspart or lispro; n = 142). Pregnancy outcomes, including caesarean section rate, and neonatal outcomes, including @entity8455 and ponderal index, were compared between groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in maternal baseline characteristics (age, parity, body mass index and @entity1017 ) between groups or in haemoglobinA1c before delivery. The frequency of emergency caesarean section (caesarean section after trial of labor) was not significantly different between groups (RI 16.7%, FAIA 24.7%; p = 0.452). There were no differences in frequencies of @entity8455 (RI 3.4%, FAIA 6.5%; p = 0.518), ponderal index (RI 2.65    0.5, FAIA 2.71    0.5; p = 0.322), cranial-thoracic circumference ratio (RI 1.07    0.06, FAIA 1.07    0.06; p = 0.386) or @entity4053 (RI 5.1%, FAIA 5.8%; p = 1.000). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that FAIA achieves similar pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in @entity6 compared with RI. Considering @entity1 convenience, FAIA may be better to use during pregnancy.

title: Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes in @entity6677 Treated with Regular @entity2690 or Fast-Acting XXXX Analogues.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) @entity397 are often associated with primary @entity1844 . Late reconstruction of ACL-deficient knees may increase the risk of developing secondary @entity1844 ; hence, the timing of ACL repair is of the utmost importance. Because meniscus outcome is also a potential predictor for @entity571 ( @entity571 ), this study compared ACL repair within the first 6  months after injury to that of surgery conducted 7-12  months after injury with regard to the incidence of @entity1844 . METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study included all complete isolated primary @entity6151 treated in our institution within 1  year after @entity130 over a 12-month period. Exclusion criteria were revision ACL, complex ligament injuries, previous knee surgery, and missing injury data. Cartilage lesions were classified according to the score established by the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS score) and @entity937 according to their treatment options. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-three of 730 @entity1 (162 @entity1 , 71 @entity1 ) with ACL repair met the inclusion criteria. 86.3  % of surgical interventions were conducted within 6  months and 13.7  % after 6  months of @entity130 . Severe cartilage lesions grade III-IV did not significantly differ between the different time points of ACL repair (<6  months 39.9  %; >6  months 31.3  %; p  =  n.s.). Medial meniscus lesions received significantly higher meniscal repair in early compared to delayed ACL repair. Significantly higher rate of meniscal repair of the medial meniscus was seen in cases of early ACL repair compared to delayed (<6  months 77.2  %, >6  months 46.7; p  =  0.022). The rate of medial meniscal repair in early ACL repair was significantly higher for @entity1 (89.5-0  %; p  =  0.002), however, not for @entity1 (73.3-53.8  %; p  =  n.s.). No differences were found for lateral meniscal lesions, with regard to neither the different time points (p  =  n.s.) nor the sex (p  =  n.s.). CONCLUSIONS: Because of the significantly higher rate of prognostically advantageous meniscal repair, the recommendation for an ACL reconstruction within 6  months after @entity130 was made to preserve the meniscus and reduce the risk of developing @entity571 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prospective cross-sectional cohort study, Level II.

title: Timing of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction within the first year after XXXX and its influence on treatment of cartilage and meniscus pathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal and cartilage lesions']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity6151 :: ('MESH:D057971', 'Disease') :: ['ACL ruptures']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar floating fusion occasionally causes postoperative @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) at lumbosacral level, causing L5 @entity74 by L5-S1 foraminal stenosis. The disorder is considered to be one of the major outcomes of L5-S1 @entity1347 , which has not been evaluated yet. The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of postoperative L5 @entity74 after lumbar interbody fusion extending to the L5 vertebra. METHODS: We evaluated 125 @entity1 with a diagnosis of spondylolisthesis who underwent floating fusion surgery with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with average postoperative period of 25.2  months. The @entity1 were regarded as symptomatic with postoperative L5 @entity74 such as @entity158 / @entity1183 in the lower limbs and/or motor dysfunction. We estimated and compared the wedging angle (frontal view) and height (lateral view) of the lumbosacral junction in pre- and postoperative plain X-ray images and the foraminal ratio (ratio of the narrower foraminal diameter to the wider diameter in the craniocaudal direction) in the preoperative magnetic resonance image. Risk factors for the incidence of L5 @entity74 were explored using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Eight of the 125 @entity1 (6.4  %) were categorized as symptomatic, an average of 13.3  months after surgery. The wedging angle was significantly higher, and the foraminal ratio was significantly decreased in the symptomatic group (both P   <   0.05) compared to the asymptomatic group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of possible risk factors revealed that the wedging angle, foraminal ratio, and multileveled fusion were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Higher wedging angle and lower foraminal ratio in the lumbosacral junction were significantly predictive for the incidence of @entity614 as well as multiple-leveled fusion. These findings indicate that lumbosacral fixation should be considered for @entity1 with these risk factors even if they have few symptoms from the L5-S1 junction.

title: Retrospective exploration of risk factors for L5 XXXX following lumbar floating fusion surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['adjacent segment disorder', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['spinal nerve disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['L5 nerve root disorder']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['radiculopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether blood pressure (BP) plays an independent predictive role in the onset of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remains ill-defined because existing meta-analyses have incorporated data from studies that included individuals with low GFRs at baseline. This question is critical to optimize chronic @entity8 prevention in the general population. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies. SETTING _ POPULATION: Adults from general population. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: We identified in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database all cohort studies evaluating the role of BP in the incidence of decreased estimated GFR (eGFR; defined as eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m(2)) in individuals without decreased kidney function at baseline. PREDICTORS: @entity101 (BP>140/90mmHg), @entity1556 (systolic BP of 120-139 and/or diastolic BP of 80-89mmHg), and BP as a continuous variable. OUTCOMES: Risk for decreased eGFR reported as relative risk (RR) and 95% CI. Heterogeneity (I(2)) was also evaluated. RESULTS: Data from 16 cohorts (315,321 @entity1 ) were analyzed. All studies had a Newcastle-Ottawa score in the range of 6 to 8, denoting high quality. During a mean follow-up of 6.5 years, decreased eGFR occurred in 6.6% of @entity1 . The presence of @entity1556 and @entity101 increased renal risk (RRs of 1.19 [95% CI, 1.07-1.33; I(2)=23.8%] and 1.76 [95% CI, 1.58-1.97; I(2)=37.7%], respectively). Similarly, we found that every 10-mm Hg increase in systolic and diastolic BPs associated with higher risk for decreased eGFR (RRs of 1.08 [95% CI, 1.04-1.11; I(2)=60.0%] and 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04-1.20; I(2)=51.4%], respectively). Metaregression analysis showed greater risk with older age (P=0.03), whereas other covariates were not significant. LIMITATIONS: No individual @entity1 -level data. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1556 and @entity101 , as BP levels, are independent predictors of decreased GFR in the general population, with the effect being more pronounced in the elderly. These findings are important for improving risk stratification in the general population.

title: @entity101 and XXXX and Prediction of Development of Decreased Estimated GFR in the General Population: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['Prehypertension', 'prehypertension']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity1556 :: (MESH:D058246,Disease) :: ['Prehypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether blood pressure (BP) plays an independent predictive role in the onset of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remains ill-defined because existing meta-analyses have incorporated data from studies that included individuals with low GFRs at baseline. This question is critical to optimize chronic @entity8 prevention in the general population. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies. SETTING _ POPULATION: Adults from general population. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: We identified in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database all cohort studies evaluating the role of BP in the incidence of decreased estimated GFR (eGFR; defined as eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m(2)) in individuals without decreased kidney function at baseline. PREDICTORS: @entity101 (BP>140/90mmHg), @entity1556 (systolic BP of 120-139 and/or diastolic BP of 80-89mmHg), and BP as a continuous variable. OUTCOMES: Risk for decreased eGFR reported as relative risk (RR) and 95% CI. Heterogeneity (I(2)) was also evaluated. RESULTS: Data from 16 cohorts (315,321 @entity1 ) were analyzed. All studies had a Newcastle-Ottawa score in the range of 6 to 8, denoting high quality. During a mean follow-up of 6.5 years, decreased eGFR occurred in 6.6% of @entity1 . The presence of @entity1556 and @entity101 increased renal risk (RRs of 1.19 [95% CI, 1.07-1.33; I(2)=23.8%] and 1.76 [95% CI, 1.58-1.97; I(2)=37.7%], respectively). Similarly, we found that every 10-mm Hg increase in systolic and diastolic BPs associated with higher risk for decreased eGFR (RRs of 1.08 [95% CI, 1.04-1.11; I(2)=60.0%] and 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04-1.20; I(2)=51.4%], respectively). Metaregression analysis showed greater risk with older age (P=0.03), whereas other covariates were not significant. LIMITATIONS: No individual @entity1 -level data. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1556 and @entity101 , as BP levels, are independent predictors of decreased GFR in the general population, with the effect being more pronounced in the elderly. These findings are important for improving risk stratification in the general population.

title: XXXX and @entity1556 and Prediction of Development of Decreased Estimated GFR in the General Population: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: Primary @entity11612 is a rare @entity5 that reportedly regresses promptly with @entity146 chemotherapy. Recently, the role of surgical management has been relegated to biopsy alone. The aim of this study was to review our experience with primary @entity11612 and to determine the outcome of @entity1 managed by radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. From 1952 to 1991, 107 @entity1 with @entity1893 involving the pancreas were identified. Twelve @entity1 (11%) had primary @entity11612 . The presenting symptoms and signs were nonspecific: abdominal @entity158 (83%), @entity353 (50%), and a palpable mass (58%). Six of the 12 @entity1 (50%) undergoing celiotomy had a preoperative diagnosis of @entity3123 . These @entity706 were large (x = 8 +/- 2 cm) and deemed unresectable because of size, alleged mesenteric vessel encroachment, regional lymph node @entity3 , or because of an intraoperative diagnosis of @entity706 . Biopsy alone was performed in 50% of @entity1 and biliary bypass and/or gastroenterostomy was performed in 25% of @entity1 . A single resection (pancreatoduodenectomy) was performed 1 year after a full course of chemotherapy had failed. Ten @entity1 , all of whom died of progressive @entity706 , received primary postoperative radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy, and no @entity1 was disease-free at follow-up. Mean survival was 13 months for @entity1 who received chemotherapy alone (n = 2), 22 months for those treated with radiation therapy only (n = 5), and 26 months for those receiving combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy (n = 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : is it a surgical disease?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity11612 :: ('MESH:C566516', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lymphoma']

answer: @entity11612 :: (MESH:C566516,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic lymphoma']


abstract: Improvements in healthcare and nutrition have generated remarkable increases in life expectancy worldwide. This is one of the greatest achievements of the modern world yet it also presents a grave challenge: as more @entity1 survive into later life, more also experience the diseases of old age, including type  2 @entity6 ( @entity2175 ), @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity5 . Developing new ways to improve health in the elderly is therefore a top priority for biomedical research. Although our understanding of the molecular basis of these morbidities has advanced rapidly, effective novel treatments are still lacking. Alternative drug development strategies are now being explored, such as the repurposing of existing drugs used to treat other diseases. This can save a considerable amount of time and money since the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profiles of these drugs are already established, effectively enabling preclinical studies to be bypassed. @entity2449 is one such drug currently being investigated for novel applications. The present review provides a thorough and detailed account of our current understanding of the molecular pharmacology and signalling mechanisms underlying @entity28943 -protein interactions. It also focuses on the key role of the microbiota in regulating age-associated morbidities and a potential role for @entity2449 to modulate its function. Research in this area holds the key to solving many of the mysteries of our current understanding of drug action and concerted effects to provide sustained and long-life health.

title: Repurposing XXXX : an old drug with new tricks in its binding pockets.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity28943 :: ('CHEBI:3095', 'Chemical') :: ['biguanide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aging incurs aortic stiffening and dilation, but these changes are less pronounced in peripheral arteries, resulting in stiffness and geometry gradients influencing progression of the forward and reflected pressure waves. Because premature arterial aging is observed in @entity454 , we determined the respective roles of stiffness and aortic geometry gradients in 73 controls and 156 @entity1 on hemodialysis. We measured aortic pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) and brachial @entity122 to evaluate the stiffness gradient [(brachial @entity122 /aortic @entity122 )(0.5)] and ascending aortic and aortic bifurcation diameters to assess aortic taper (ascending aortic diameter/aortic bifurcation diameter). The global reflection coefficient was estimated from characteristic impedance and vascular resistance. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine mortality risk. The age-associated increase in aortic @entity122 was higher in @entity1 (P<0.001). In controls, aortic ascending and bifurcation diameters increased with age, with an unchanged aortic taper. In @entity1 on hemodialysis, age did not associate with increased ascending aortic diameter but did associate with increased aortic bifurcation diameter and decreased aortic taper, both of which also associated with @entity730 and smaller global reflection coefficient (P<0.001). In @entity1 , multivariate models revealed all-cause and cardiovascular mortality associated with age, aortic @entity122 , and aortic bifurcation diameter with high specificity and sensitivity. Using stiffness gradient, aortic taper, or global reflection coefficient in the model produced similar results. Thus, whereas @entity2333 is a known independent predictor of mortality, these results indicate the importance of also evaluating the aortic geometry in @entity1 on hemodialysis.

title: Aortic Aging in XXXX : Structural, Hemodynamic, and Mortality Implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic calcifications']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['ESRD']


abstract: @entity14476 was isolated from the inflammatory @entity272 of a Bengal @entity7928 in April, 1979. In clinical findings rounded area of alopecia, 3 to 8 cm in size was observed on the right haunch and the tail. The @entity272 were covered with thin scales, but the inflammatory changes were not severe. Findings, on physical examination, were unremarkable and the animal appeared healthy except for the @entity272 . The infected hairs were invaded by the fungal elements and arthroconidia were around the hair shaft. Cuticles and cortex of the infected hairs were brittle. They were evidently digested and were easily pulled out from the hair follicles. In mycological findings numerous and typical macroconidia were observed. By cross mating of a isolate from @entity7928 and @entity14476 (-) strains, cleistothecia were produced. Both organic @entity6893 and @entity34077 ointment were effective for therapy. In this paper the dermatophytosis of @entity7928 caused by @entity14476 is described.

title: Dermatophytosis of XXXX caused by @entity14476 .

entities_list: @entity34077 :: ('MESH:D014476', 'Chemical') :: ['undecylenic acid']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity14476 :: ('63405', 'Species') :: ['M. canis', 'Nannizzia otae', 'Microsporum canis']

answer: @entity7928 :: (9694,Species) :: ['tiger']


abstract: @entity14476 was isolated from the inflammatory @entity272 of a Bengal @entity7928 in April, 1979. In clinical findings rounded area of alopecia, 3 to 8 cm in size was observed on the right haunch and the tail. The @entity272 were covered with thin scales, but the inflammatory changes were not severe. Findings, on physical examination, were unremarkable and the animal appeared healthy except for the @entity272 . The infected hairs were invaded by the fungal elements and arthroconidia were around the hair shaft. Cuticles and cortex of the infected hairs were brittle. They were evidently digested and were easily pulled out from the hair follicles. In mycological findings numerous and typical macroconidia were observed. By cross mating of a isolate from @entity7928 and @entity14476 (-) strains, cleistothecia were produced. Both organic @entity6893 and @entity34077 ointment were effective for therapy. In this paper the dermatophytosis of @entity7928 caused by @entity14476 is described.

title: Dermatophytosis of @entity7928 caused by XXXX .

answer: @entity14476 :: (63405,Species) :: ['Microsporum canis']


abstract: Forty-seven @entity1 with @entity10070 stage II-III, fulfilling clinical indications for starting treatment with @entity288 , received oral @entity1667 for 8 weeks in gradually decreasing doses (starting dose 48 mg per day). From week 5 onwards, they also received inhaled @entity4184 , 1.6 mg daily. Treatment was continued for 18 months and all @entity1 have been followed for at least 3 years. At 18 months treatment could be discontinued in 38 @entity1 , who had used individually adjusted doses of @entity4184 depending on the clinical response (reduced doses in 14, initial dose in 16, and increased doses in 8 @entity1 ). @entity4184 treatment alone was satisfactory in 31 of these 38 cases. An additional seven @entity1 could stop treatment after receiving supplementary courses of oral @entity230 for 3-12 months. Treatment is ongoing in 9 @entity1 in which 6 have extrapulmonary manifestations requiring oral @entity230 . The chest radiograph became normal in 22 @entity1 and improved in 14. Significant improvements were noted in FVC and DLco in relation to predicted normal values. Serum @entity1289 , lysozyme and @entity2262 values decreased significantly. Transient cough was seen in 5 and hoarseness in 3 @entity1 . No systemic side-effects were noted; one @entity1 taking 2.4 mg @entity4184 daily had a plasma @entity701 value below the normal range. Inhaled @entity4184 seems to offer an effective and safe alternative to oral @entity230 for long-term maintenance treatment of @entity1 with @entity10070 .

title: Inhaled @entity4184 for maintenance treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['Budesonide', 'budesonide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity10070 :: (MESH:D017565,Disease) :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']


abstract: Forty-seven @entity1 with @entity10070 stage II-III, fulfilling clinical indications for starting treatment with @entity288 , received oral @entity1667 for 8 weeks in gradually decreasing doses (starting dose 48 mg per day). From week 5 onwards, they also received inhaled @entity4184 , 1.6 mg daily. Treatment was continued for 18 months and all @entity1 have been followed for at least 3 years. At 18 months treatment could be discontinued in 38 @entity1 , who had used individually adjusted doses of @entity4184 depending on the clinical response (reduced doses in 14, initial dose in 16, and increased doses in 8 @entity1 ). @entity4184 treatment alone was satisfactory in 31 of these 38 cases. An additional seven @entity1 could stop treatment after receiving supplementary courses of oral @entity230 for 3-12 months. Treatment is ongoing in 9 @entity1 in which 6 have extrapulmonary manifestations requiring oral @entity230 . The chest radiograph became normal in 22 @entity1 and improved in 14. Significant improvements were noted in FVC and DLco in relation to predicted normal values. Serum @entity1289 , lysozyme and @entity2262 values decreased significantly. Transient cough was seen in 5 and hoarseness in 3 @entity1 . No systemic side-effects were noted; one @entity1 taking 2.4 mg @entity4184 daily had a plasma @entity701 value below the normal range. Inhaled @entity4184 seems to offer an effective and safe alternative to oral @entity230 for long-term maintenance treatment of @entity1 with @entity10070 .

title: Inhaled XXXX for maintenance treatment of @entity10070 .

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['budesonide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dengue is the most prevalent @entity66 transmitted by @entity4224 worldwide, whose chemical control is difficult, expensive, and of inconsistent efficacy. Releases of @entity20703 -exposed Ae. aegypti males to disseminate conidia among female mosquitoes by mating represents a promising biological control approach against this important vector. A better understanding of fungus virulence and impact on reproductive parameters of Ae. aegypti, is need before testing auto-dissemination strategies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Mortality, mating competitiveness, sperm production, and the capacity to auto-disseminate the fungus to females up to the 5thcopulation, were compared between @entity4224 males exposed to 5.96 x 107 conidia per cm2 of @entity20703 and uninfected males. Half (50%) of fungus-exposed males (FEMs) died within the first 4 days @entity926 ( @entity926 ). FEMs required 34% more time to successively copulate with 5 females (165    3 minutes) than uninfected males (109    3 minutes). Additionally, @entity364 reduced the sperm production by 87% at 5 days @entity926 . Some beneficial impacts were observed, FEMs were able to successfully compete with uninfected males in cages, inseminating an equivalent number of females (about 25%). Under semi-field conditions, the ability of FEMs to search for and inseminate females was also equivalent to uninfected males (both inseminating about 40% females); but for the remaining females that were not inseminated, evidence of tarsal contact (transfer of fluorescent dust) was significantly greater in FEMs compared to controls. The estimated conidia load of a female exposed on the 5th copulation was 5,200 mL-1 which was sufficient to cause mortality. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study is the first to demonstrate auto-dissemination of @entity20703 through transfer of fungus from males to female Ae. aegypti during mating under semi-field conditions. Our results suggest that auto-dissemination studies using releases of FEMs inside households could successfully infect wild Ae. aegypti females, providing another viable biological control tool for this important the dengue vector.

title: Copulation Activity, Sperm Production and Conidia Transfer in XXXX Males Contaminated by @entity20703 : A Biological Control Prospect.

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['arboviral disease']

entities_list: @entity20703 :: ('5530', 'Species') :: ['Metarhizium anisopliae', 'M. anisopliae']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungus infection']

entities_list: @entity926 :: ('MESH:C537268', 'Disease') :: ['post-exposure', 'PE']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']