abstract: @entity1375 in the @entity35 is associated with a decrease in kidney size and weight. We have shown previously that this decrease involves all nephron segments in the cortex and outer medulla and is especially pronounced in the medullary thick ascending limb ( @entity56072 ). Therefore, the present study was undertaken for examination of the effect of @entity1375 on the ultrastructure of the @entity35 @entity56072 . @entity1375 was induced by feeding @entity7083 ( @entity10664 ), 0.5 g/kg of food, for 4 weeks. A second group of animals received @entity10664 plus a daily injection of @entity1955 (T4). A third group was fed a normal diet only and served as control animals. The kidneys were preserved by in vivo perfusion with 3% @entity3584 , and tissue from the inner and outer stripe of the outer medulla was processed for electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant decrease in the cross-sectional area of the @entity56072 in both the inner and outer stripe of the outer medulla in @entity1375 animals. No changes were observed in the surface density of either the apical or basolateral plasma membranes following @entity10664 treatment. However, when calculated per millimeter tubule, there was a significant decrease in the surface area (SL) of both the apical and basolateral plasma membranes of the @entity56072 of @entity1375 animals in comparison with control animals. Simultaneous treatment with T4 prevented the @entity10664 -induced reduction in both tubule cross-sectional area and in the SL of the plasma membrane. These findings suggest that the observed changes in SL of the plasma membrane of the @entity56072 are due to a regulatory role of thyroid hormone in membrane proliferation as well as in cell growth in general.

title: Response of the medullary thick ascending limb to @entity1375 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity9128 is relatively rare, it is often associated with great clinical @entity146 and poor overall survival. There are controversies over factors affecting the prognosis of the disease. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate factors that may affect the therapeutic outcome and prognosis of @entity9128 by reviewing the medical records of 49 @entity1 who were surgically treated in our hospital between 2001 and 2014. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic variables relative to @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, and treatment modalities. All 49 @entity1 (24 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 ; mean age 27.6  years) underwent surgical resection, of whom 14 @entity1 also underwent postoperative radiotherapy. Local recurrence was found in 15 (48.8  %) @entity1 , and 22 (51.2  %) @entity1 died during the follow-up periods. The 5-year recurrence rate was 65  % and the survival rate was 51  %. The results of statistical analysis suggested that preoperative extraventricular drainage and surgical resection extent were prognostic factors related to progression-free survival, and that age, surgical resection extent and histological grade were closely associated with survival. Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between the symptom of @entity1276 and age (P  =  0.010), and @entity1 with a better clinical status (KPS  >=   80) were significantly associated with a lower WHO grade (P  =  0.007). In conclusion, we confirmed that surgical resection extent was the major independent factor affecting both recurrence and survival of @entity1 with @entity9128 , while age and WHO grade were prognostic factors affecting survival but not recurrence.

title: Analysis on therapeutic outcomes and prognostic factors of XXXX : a report of 49 clinical cases in a single center.

entities_list: @entity9128 :: ('MESH:C531673', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

answer: @entity9128 :: (MESH:C531673,Disease) :: ['intracranial ependymoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate @entity227 ( @entity227 ) progression rates in @entity735 with myopic optic disc appearance, @entity2516 , and progressive @entity227 changes and to compare the rates with those of a nonmyopic group. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data on 158 eyes from 131 @entity1 with @entity1538 who had progressive @entity227 deterioration during follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. The myopic and nonmyopic groups were compared in terms of rates of change of mean thresholds in global and regional areas using central 10 degrees, peripheral 10 to 24 degrees, and @entity726 hemifield test maps by using a linear-mixed model and controlling for confounding covariates. Clinical factors associated with rapid @entity227 progression at global and regional @entity227 areas were investigated in each group. RESULTS: The 2 groups did not significantly differ in the mean global @entity227 progression rate (-0.36 vs. -0.35 dB/y, respectively; P=0.951). Likewise, both groups showed similar @entity227 progression rates at all regional clusters (P>0.05). No significant association was found between the rate of @entity227 change and clinical factors in the myopic group. The mean follow-up intraocular pressure was significantly associated with @entity227 progression rates in the nonmyopic group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1538 eyes with myopic optic disc appearance experiencing progressive @entity227 changes showed similar @entity227 progression rates globally and regionally when compared with nonmyopic eyes after controlling for clinical factors related to @entity227 progression. None of the clinical factors in the myopic group were significantly associated with @entity227 progression rate, whereas the mean follow-up intraocular pressure was in the nonmyopic group.

title: Is Myopic Optic Disc Appearance a Risk Factor for Rapid Progression in Medically Treated XXXX With Confirmed Visual Field Progression?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'Open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['Glaucomatous Eyes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The majority of @entity1 mild @entity131 (mTBI; 70%) lack radiological evidence of injury, yet may present long term cognitive, and @entity146 . With the hypothesis of evident damaged neural tissue and immunological consequences during acute phase of mTBI, we used closed skull weight-drop TBI model to address @entity1 mTBI condition. Serum cytokines ( @entity310 , @entity688 ) and @entity538 ( @entity538 ) expression were examined at day 0 (control, @entity130 ), 4h, day 1, day 3 and day 5 post injury (PI). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed at similar timepoints to identify neuroinflammation translation into imaging abnormalities and monitor injury progression. DTI indices including @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), radial diffusivity (RD), fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity values were quantified from @entity550 ( @entity550 ), hippocampus and corpus callosum regions. One way ANOVA showed significant increase in @entity310 at 4h and @entity688 at day 1 PI as compared to control. @entity538 (+) cells were significantly increased at day 3 and day 5 as compared to control in @entity550 . Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant decreases in @entity1893 , RD values in @entity550 at day 3 and day 5 as compared to day 0. A significant, inverse correlation was observed between cortical @entity1893 (r=-0.74, p=0.01), @entity195 (r=-0.60, p=0.03) and RD (r=-0.72, p=0.01) values with mean @entity538 (+) cells in the cortical region. These findings suggest that mTBI leads to elevated cytokine expression and subsequent @entity1184 of astrocytic processes. The increased numbers of reactive glial cells contribute diffusion restrictions in the CNS leading to reduced @entity1893 and RD values. These findings are in line with the deficits and pathologies associated with clinical mTBI, and support the use of mTBI model to address pathology and therapeutic options.

title: Longitudinal changes in the DTI measures, anti- @entity538 expression and levels of serum inflammatory cytokines following mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pre-injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The majority of @entity1 mild @entity131 (mTBI; 70%) lack radiological evidence of injury, yet may present long term cognitive, and @entity146 . With the hypothesis of evident damaged neural tissue and immunological consequences during acute phase of mTBI, we used closed skull weight-drop TBI model to address @entity1 mTBI condition. Serum cytokines ( @entity310 , @entity688 ) and @entity538 ( @entity538 ) expression were examined at day 0 (control, @entity130 ), 4h, day 1, day 3 and day 5 post injury (PI). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed at similar timepoints to identify neuroinflammation translation into imaging abnormalities and monitor injury progression. DTI indices including @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), radial diffusivity (RD), fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity values were quantified from @entity550 ( @entity550 ), hippocampus and corpus callosum regions. One way ANOVA showed significant increase in @entity310 at 4h and @entity688 at day 1 PI as compared to control. @entity538 (+) cells were significantly increased at day 3 and day 5 as compared to control in @entity550 . Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant decreases in @entity1893 , RD values in @entity550 at day 3 and day 5 as compared to day 0. A significant, inverse correlation was observed between cortical @entity1893 (r=-0.74, p=0.01), @entity195 (r=-0.60, p=0.03) and RD (r=-0.72, p=0.01) values with mean @entity538 (+) cells in the cortical region. These findings suggest that mTBI leads to elevated cytokine expression and subsequent @entity1184 of astrocytic processes. The increased numbers of reactive glial cells contribute diffusion restrictions in the CNS leading to reduced @entity1893 and RD values. These findings are in line with the deficits and pathologies associated with clinical mTBI, and support the use of mTBI model to address pathology and therapeutic options.

title: Longitudinal changes in the DTI measures, anti- XXXX expression and levels of serum inflammatory cytokines following mild @entity131 .

answer: @entity538 :: (2670,Gene) :: ['GFAP']


abstract: The @entity3569 lung fibroblast cell line (CC139) has high anchorage @entity734 for growth and has retained the high serum @entity734 of secondary cultures of adult fibroblasts. This cell line is tumorigenic in @entity19 ; however, the resulting @entity5 cells have different properties than those of the cell line injected. The @entity5 -derived cells had strongly reduced or even lost both the high anchorage and the high serum @entity734 of CC139 cells. This finding suggests that an in vivo selection is necessary for CC139 cells to acquire the malignant phenotype. After mutagenesis, which increases the frequency of CC139 colony formation in agarose up to 8-fold, we selected and analyzed 15 anchorage-independent colonies. No correlation between the colony-forming ability in agarose and serum-growth factor requirement for DNA synthesis was observed. Each of these clones were injected into @entity19 and the growth factor @entity734 of the ensuing @entity5 cells was compared to that of corresponding injected cells. All of the anchorage-independent colonies with the exception of one (A71), had acquired in vivo a stable phenotype allowing for partial or total escape of growth factor requirement. A71, the only clone which maintained the same growth factor requirement after two passages in vivo (A71 T1 and A71 T2) had already gained, in vitro, the minimal growth factor "relaxation" compatible with in vivo growth. A71 and A71 T1 @entity5 cells arrested in G0/G1 can reinitiate DNA synthesis in the presence of @entity19 plasma, low concentrations of serum, or thrombin. The fact that none of the @entity5 analyzed (more than 20) were found to have retained the high serum @entity734 of CC139 cells strongly suggests that the partial loss of serum growth factor requirement acquired in vivo is an essential malignant character for bypassing the hormonal growth restraints imposed by the host upon CC139 cells.

title: Emergence of hamster fibroblast XXXX in @entity19 --evidence for in vivo selection leading to loss of growth factor requirement.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: The @entity3569 lung fibroblast cell line (CC139) has high anchorage @entity734 for growth and has retained the high serum @entity734 of secondary cultures of adult fibroblasts. This cell line is tumorigenic in @entity19 ; however, the resulting @entity5 cells have different properties than those of the cell line injected. The @entity5 -derived cells had strongly reduced or even lost both the high anchorage and the high serum @entity734 of CC139 cells. This finding suggests that an in vivo selection is necessary for CC139 cells to acquire the malignant phenotype. After mutagenesis, which increases the frequency of CC139 colony formation in agarose up to 8-fold, we selected and analyzed 15 anchorage-independent colonies. No correlation between the colony-forming ability in agarose and serum-growth factor requirement for DNA synthesis was observed. Each of these clones were injected into @entity19 and the growth factor @entity734 of the ensuing @entity5 cells was compared to that of corresponding injected cells. All of the anchorage-independent colonies with the exception of one (A71), had acquired in vivo a stable phenotype allowing for partial or total escape of growth factor requirement. A71, the only clone which maintained the same growth factor requirement after two passages in vivo (A71 T1 and A71 T2) had already gained, in vitro, the minimal growth factor "relaxation" compatible with in vivo growth. A71 and A71 T1 @entity5 cells arrested in G0/G1 can reinitiate DNA synthesis in the presence of @entity19 plasma, low concentrations of serum, or thrombin. The fact that none of the @entity5 analyzed (more than 20) were found to have retained the high serum @entity734 of CC139 cells strongly suggests that the partial loss of serum growth factor requirement acquired in vivo is an essential malignant character for bypassing the hormonal growth restraints imposed by the host upon CC139 cells.

title: Emergence of hamster fibroblast @entity5 in XXXX --evidence for in vivo selection leading to loss of growth factor requirement.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: Study Objectives: To investigate the correlates of @entity25 and to assess @entity837 treatment effects of @entity308 on @entity25 in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). Design: A cross-sectional study in @entity1 with @entity1187 within 2 w post- @entity1187 , and a 24-w double-blind controlled trial of @entity837 against placebo for @entity1 with @entity1187 who have comorbid @entity308 . Setting: A university hospital in South Korea. @entity1 : There were 1,152 @entity1 with @entity1187 who were consecutively recruited. Of 446 @entity1 with comorbid @entity308 , 300 were randomized to the trial. Measurements and Results: Sleep disturbance was evaluated by the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed, including cardiovascular risk factors, current @entity299 , and @entity308 . @entity308 were most strongly and consistently associated with @entity25 . In addition, older age, female sex, @entity101 , and more severe @entity1187 status were associated with certain aspects of @entity25 . @entity837 was significantly superior to placebo for improving @entity25 over the 24-w treatment period. These effects were substantially explained by improvement in @entity308 . Conclusions: @entity308 screening is indicated in @entity1 with @entity1187 with @entity25 . Successful treatment of @entity308 has beneficial effects on sleep outcomes in these @entity1 .

title: Correlates and XXXX Treatment Effects on Sleep Disturbance in @entity1 With @entity1187 : K-DEPACS and EsDEPACS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorders', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram', 'Escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac status']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['Escitalopram']


abstract: Study Objectives: To investigate the correlates of @entity25 and to assess @entity837 treatment effects of @entity308 on @entity25 in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). Design: A cross-sectional study in @entity1 with @entity1187 within 2 w post- @entity1187 , and a 24-w double-blind controlled trial of @entity837 against placebo for @entity1 with @entity1187 who have comorbid @entity308 . Setting: A university hospital in South Korea. @entity1 : There were 1,152 @entity1 with @entity1187 who were consecutively recruited. Of 446 @entity1 with comorbid @entity308 , 300 were randomized to the trial. Measurements and Results: Sleep disturbance was evaluated by the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed, including cardiovascular risk factors, current @entity299 , and @entity308 . @entity308 were most strongly and consistently associated with @entity25 . In addition, older age, female sex, @entity101 , and more severe @entity1187 status were associated with certain aspects of @entity25 . @entity837 was significantly superior to placebo for improving @entity25 over the 24-w treatment period. These effects were substantially explained by improvement in @entity308 . Conclusions: @entity308 screening is indicated in @entity1 with @entity1187 with @entity25 . Successful treatment of @entity308 has beneficial effects on sleep outcomes in these @entity1 .

title: Correlates and @entity837 Treatment Effects on Sleep Disturbance in @entity1 With XXXX : K-DEPACS and EsDEPACS.

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['Acute Coronary Syndrome']


abstract: Study Objectives: To investigate the correlates of @entity25 and to assess @entity837 treatment effects of @entity308 on @entity25 in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). Design: A cross-sectional study in @entity1 with @entity1187 within 2 w post- @entity1187 , and a 24-w double-blind controlled trial of @entity837 against placebo for @entity1 with @entity1187 who have comorbid @entity308 . Setting: A university hospital in South Korea. @entity1 : There were 1,152 @entity1 with @entity1187 who were consecutively recruited. Of 446 @entity1 with comorbid @entity308 , 300 were randomized to the trial. Measurements and Results: Sleep disturbance was evaluated by the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed, including cardiovascular risk factors, current @entity299 , and @entity308 . @entity308 were most strongly and consistently associated with @entity25 . In addition, older age, female sex, @entity101 , and more severe @entity1187 status were associated with certain aspects of @entity25 . @entity837 was significantly superior to placebo for improving @entity25 over the 24-w treatment period. These effects were substantially explained by improvement in @entity308 . Conclusions: @entity308 screening is indicated in @entity1 with @entity1187 with @entity25 . Successful treatment of @entity308 has beneficial effects on sleep outcomes in these @entity1 .

title: Correlates and @entity837 Treatment Effects on Sleep Disturbance in XXXX With @entity1187 : K-DEPACS and EsDEPACS.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Predictive factors for efficacy of bevacizumab in advanced @entity43 have remained elusive. We investigated @entity843 both as a prognostic factor and as a predictor of efficacy for bevacizumab. METHODS: Using data from GOG 0218, @entity1 receiving cytotoxic therapy plus concurrent and maintenance bevacizumab were compared to those receiving cytotoxic therapy plus placebo. The presence of @entity843 was determined prospectively. Chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests compared baseline variables between subgroups. Survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate independent prognostic factors and estimate their covariate-adjusted effects on survival. RESULTS: Treatment arms were balanced with respect to @entity843 and other prognostic factors. Overall, 886 (80%) @entity1 had @entity843 , 221 (20%) did not. Those with @entity843 were more likely to have: poorer performance status (p<0.001); serous histology (p=0.012); higher baseline @entity10224 (p<0.001); and suboptimal cytoreduction (p=0.004). In multivariate survival analysis, @entity843 was prognostic of poor @entity3012 (Adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.00-1.48, p=0.045), but not PFS. In predictive analysis, @entity1 without @entity843 treated with bevacizumab had no significant improvement in either PFS (AHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.59-1.10, p=0.18) or @entity3012 (AHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.65-1.36, p=0.76). @entity1 with @entity843 treated with bevacizumab had significantly improved PFS (AHR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62-0.81, p<0.001) and @entity3012 (AHR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.96, p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Ascites in @entity1 with advanced @entity43 is prognostic of poor overall survival. Ascites may predict the population of @entity1 more likely to derive long-term benefit from bevacizumab.

title: Ascites predicts treatment benefit of bevacizumab in front-line therapy of advanced epithelial XXXX : An NRG Oncology/GOG study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancers']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aim   Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity5254 due to a @entity50 ( @entity50 ) presents one of the main postoperative complications of the supraorbital keyhole approach. The goal of this study was to further analyze the actual surgical morbidity and potential risk for @entity1 due to an opened @entity50 after a surgery via a supraorbital craniotomy and compare the results with data published in the current literature. Methods and @entity1   A total of 350 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgeries via the supraorbital keyhole approach for various lesions were included in this retrospective study. Information on clinical history, neurologic symptoms, surgical @entity260 was obtained retrospectively by a review of the @entity1 ' charts, the radiologic reports, and a thorough review of pre- and postoperative cranial computed tomography (CCT) imaging. Results   The frequency of CSF @entity5254 after this type of craniotomy in the literature is reported to range between 0% and 9.1%. In this study, analysis of postoperative CCT scans revealed that 88 @entity1 (25.1%) showed a radiographic breach of the @entity50 . Only 8 of these @entity1 (2.3%) developed a CSF leak with @entity5254 postoperatively. In all cases conservative treatment with lumbar drainage failed, and therefore a surgical revision for permanent closure was required. Only one @entity1 (0.3%) with a CSF leak also developed @entity693 . Conclusion   Inadvertent opening of the @entity50 during the supraorbital craniotomy is a common surgery-related morbidity; however, the risk for the @entity1 to develop a potentially dangerous @entity693 was found to be minimal.

title: Supraorbital Keyhole Approach to the Skull Base: Evaluation of Complications Related to CSF Fistulas and Opened Frontal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['approach, and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['FS', 'breach in the frontal sinus']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['Sinus']


abstract: The aim of this study was to test the effect of lipid store mobilization on changes in @entity6178 body metabolism in pregnant @entity95 . Related blood parameters were studied in pregnant animals fed either ad libitum or submitted between days 21 of gestation and parturition first to 50% food restriction for 4 days and then to a complete fast. Ketogenesis from @entity3952 , @entity4876 and endogenous substrates was measured on days 0, 8, 18 and 28 of gestation in isolated liver cells prepared from females fasted for 48 h. In the does fed ad libitum, the concentration of non-esterified @entity1718 (NEFA) was higher than in non-pregnant animals and then increased about 2-fold in the last week before term. Total @entity6178 body concentrations increased slightly but significantly from day 27 until term. In the same period, glycemia decreased significantly. No variations were observed in @entity880 , @entity3929 and total @entity3689 concentrations. Food restriction on days 21 to 24 induced a quick rise in the plasma concentrations of NEFA, @entity6178 bodies and @entity653 . Further fasting resulted in the development of hyperketonemia which was more than 3 times that observed during prolonged fasting in non-pregnant @entity95 . There was no further increase in plasma NEFA level after day 27 of gestation. Food restriction and fasting decreased only the plasma level of total @entity1522 but had no significant effect on plasma concentrations of @entity880 and @entity3929 . In isolated liver cells, a marked and significant increase in the rate of ketogenesis from @entity3952 , @entity4876 and endogenous substrates was noted on day 28 of gestation in comparison with the preceding periods. It is concluded that @entity1270 was enhanced in late gestation, particularly with restricted feeding or in fasted animals; this enhancement was partly related to the increase of plasma NEFA concentrations and partly to the enhancement of hepatic ketogenesis in the mothers. The fact that the rate of hepatic ketogenesis was increased equally with @entity4876 and @entity3952 indicated that it could not be explained by a modification of @entity14992 transferase activity as @entity4876 directly crosses the mitochondrial membrane without using this pathway.

title: @entity6178 body metabolism during pregnancy in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity14992 :: ('MESH:C116917', 'Chemical') :: ['acylcarnitine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketonemia']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The aim of this study was to test the effect of lipid store mobilization on changes in @entity6178 body metabolism in pregnant @entity95 . Related blood parameters were studied in pregnant animals fed either ad libitum or submitted between days 21 of gestation and parturition first to 50% food restriction for 4 days and then to a complete fast. Ketogenesis from @entity3952 , @entity4876 and endogenous substrates was measured on days 0, 8, 18 and 28 of gestation in isolated liver cells prepared from females fasted for 48 h. In the does fed ad libitum, the concentration of non-esterified @entity1718 (NEFA) was higher than in non-pregnant animals and then increased about 2-fold in the last week before term. Total @entity6178 body concentrations increased slightly but significantly from day 27 until term. In the same period, glycemia decreased significantly. No variations were observed in @entity880 , @entity3929 and total @entity3689 concentrations. Food restriction on days 21 to 24 induced a quick rise in the plasma concentrations of NEFA, @entity6178 bodies and @entity653 . Further fasting resulted in the development of hyperketonemia which was more than 3 times that observed during prolonged fasting in non-pregnant @entity95 . There was no further increase in plasma NEFA level after day 27 of gestation. Food restriction and fasting decreased only the plasma level of total @entity1522 but had no significant effect on plasma concentrations of @entity880 and @entity3929 . In isolated liver cells, a marked and significant increase in the rate of ketogenesis from @entity3952 , @entity4876 and endogenous substrates was noted on day 28 of gestation in comparison with the preceding periods. It is concluded that @entity1270 was enhanced in late gestation, particularly with restricted feeding or in fasted animals; this enhancement was partly related to the increase of plasma NEFA concentrations and partly to the enhancement of hepatic ketogenesis in the mothers. The fact that the rate of hepatic ketogenesis was increased equally with @entity4876 and @entity3952 indicated that it could not be explained by a modification of @entity14992 transferase activity as @entity4876 directly crosses the mitochondrial membrane without using this pathway.

title: XXXX body metabolism during pregnancy in the @entity95 .

answer: @entity6178 :: (CHEBI:17087,Chemical) :: ['Ketone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and predictors of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) after Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and to assess its functional and oncological outcomes. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database was reviewed for cases with @entity263 at the time of HoLEP. @entity1 with preoperative PCa were excluded. @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the presence (group I [GI]) or absence of @entity5 (group II [GII]) in histopathology. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Of 1242 @entity1 , 70 (5.64%) were identified to have @entity263 . Prostate size was comparable between both groups. GI @entity1 had significantly higher preoperative @entity1486 (PSA) and total PSA density (tPSAD) compared to @entity5 -free @entity1 . T1a and T1b @entity420 were detected in 54 (77.1%) and 16 (22.9%) @entity1 , respectively. After a median follow-up of 48 (1-171) months, both groups were comparable in all functional outcomes but the quality of life was significantly better in GII. @entity1 ' age and preoperative tPSAD independently predicted @entity263 after HoLEP. A tPSAD cutoff value of 0.092 has a sensitivity and specificity of 0.83 and 0.67, respectively. Seven @entity1 (11.7%) needed adjuvant therapy while other GI @entity1 opted for active surveillance. The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated an overall survival of 72.8% at 5 years and 63.5% at 10 years for @entity1 with PCa. CONCLUSION: PCa is not uncommonly identified after HoLEP, even in those with negative preoperative biopsies. In older @entity1 , total PSAD could be a predictor using a cutoff <0.1. After HoLEP, active surveillance for low-grade PCa carries good functional and oncological outcomes.

title: Incidental XXXX Diagnosis During Holmium Laser Enucleation: Assessment of Predictors, Survival, and Disease Progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['incidental prostate cancer', 'IPCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: Bacteria deficient in the @entity35137 from starved cells (Dps) are viable under controlled conditions but show dramatically increased mortality rates when exposed to any of a wide range of stresses, including starvation, oxidative stress, metal @entity137 , or thermal stress. It remains unclear whether the protective action of Dps against specific stresses derives from its DNA-binding activity, which may exclude destructive agents from the chromosomal region, or its ferroxidase activity, which neutralizes and sequesters potentially damaging chemical species. To resolve this question, we have identified the critical residues of @entity526 Dps that bind to DNA and modulate @entity68 oxidation. We uncoupled the biochemical activities of Dps, creating Dps variants and mutant @entity526 strains that are defective in either DNA-binding or ferroxidase activity. Quantification of the contribution of each activity to the protection of DNA integrity and cellular viability revealed that both activities of Dps are required in order to counteract many differing stresses. These findings demonstrate that Dps plays a multipurpose role in stress protection via its dual activities, explaining how Dps can be of vital importance to bacterial viability over a wide range of stresses. IMPORTANCE: The @entity35137 from starved cells (Dps) protects bacterial cells against many different types of stressors. We find that DNA binding and @entity68 oxidation by Dps are performed completely independently of each other. Both biochemical activities are required to protect @entity526 against stressors, as well as to protect DNA from oxidative damage in vitro. These results suggest that many stressors may cause both oxidative stress and direct DNA damage.

title: The XXXX from Starved Cells (Dps) Utilizes Dual Functions To Defend Cells against Multiple Stresses.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity35137 :: (18157783,Gene) :: ['DNA-Binding Protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of training programs on the care and maintenance of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) has been assessed mainly in @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Data on the impact of such programs in a whole general hospital are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess compliance with @entity1211 care after an extensive training program aimed at nurses caring for adult ICU and non-ICU @entity1 . METHODS: We performed 2 point prevalence studies in a general hospital. A specialized nurse visited all hospitalized adult @entity1 , performed a bedside inspection, and reviewed the nursing records for @entity1 with a @entity1211 before and after a 1-year training program. The program included an interactive on-line teaching component and distribution of pocket leaflets and posters with recommendations on @entity1211 care. RESULTS: Data recorded for the first and second prevalence studies were as follows: number of @entity1 visited, 753 vs. 682; total number of @entity1 with   >=    1 @entity1211 implanted on the visit day, 653 (86.7%) vs 585 (85.8%); catheters considered unnecessary on the study day, 183 (22.9%) vs 48 (7.1%) (p   <   0.001); number of catheters with local clinical evidence of @entity281 on the study day, 18 (2.2%) vs 12 (1.8%) (p   =   0.52); registration of insertion day (42.3% vs 50.1%; p   =   0.003); and registration of day of dressing change (41.2% vs 49.1%; p   =   0.003). Maintenance parameters improved more in non-ICU than in ICU @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary teaching program to improve @entity1211 care and compliance with recommendations is effective. Point prevalence studies are easy to carry out and effective at demonstrating increases in compliance, mainly in non-ICU @entity1 .

title: Effectiveness of a training program in compliance with recommendations for XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'venous lines']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous lines']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an ultra-low-cost uterine balloon tamponade package (ESM-UBT   ) for facility-based management of uncontrolled postpartum @entity548 (PPH) in Kenya, Sierra Leone, Senegal, and Nepal. DESIGN: Prospective multi-centre case series. SETTING: Facilities in resource-scarce areas of Kenya, Sierra Leone, Nepal, and Senegal. POPULATION: @entity1 with uncontrolled postpartum @entity548 in 307 facilities across the four countries. METHODS: A standardised ESM-UBT package was implemented in 307 facilities over 29  months (1 September 2012 to 1 February 2015). Data were collected via a multi-pronged approach including data card completion, chart reviews, and provider interviews. Beginning in August 2014, @entity1 who had previously undergone UBT placement were sought and queried regarding potential complications associated with UBT use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All-cause survival, survival from PPH, and post-UBT use complications (surgery, hospitalisation, antibiotics for @entity5280 ) associated with UBT use. RESULTS: 201 UBTs were placed for uncontrolled vaginal @entity548 refractory to all other interventions. In all, 38% (71/188) of @entity1 were either unconscious or confused at the time of UBT insertion. All-cause survival was 95% (190/201). However, 98% (160/163) of @entity1 survived uncontrolled PPH if delivery occurred at an ESM-UBT online facility. One (1/151) potential UBT-associated complication (postpartum @entity7288 ) was identified and two improvised UBTs were placed in @entity1 with a @entity397 . CONCLUSIONS: These pilot data suggest that the ESM-UBT package is a clinically promising and safe method to arrest uncontrolled postpartum @entity548 and save @entity1 's lives. The UBT was successfully placed by all levels of facility-based providers. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of ESM-UBT in low-resource settings. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Evidence for ESM-UBT as a clinically promising and safe method to arrest uncontrolled PPH and save @entity1 's lives.

title: A postpartum XXXX package with condom uterine balloon tamponade: a prospective multi-centre case series in Kenya, Sierra Leone, Senegal, and Nepal.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured uterus']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic infection']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Ease of denture cleaning is of paramount importance in geriatric @entity1 and those with limited dexterity. We have previously investigated methods of coating dentures with @entity6701 ( @entity3759 ) and reported the effects (self-cleaning and antibacterial) of such treatments in in  vitro studies. This study was to verify the biocompatibility of a @entity3759 -coated acrylic resin produced by the new coating method with spray-coating technique. METHODS: Specimens were prepared from denture base acrylic resin and polished up to grit #1000. The @entity3759 -coating agent was sprayed onto the specimens using an airbrush gun. Specimens were then divided into ' @entity4625 (PMMA)', 'primer-coated PMMA' and ' @entity3759 -coated PMMA' groups to be evaluated for biological safety using a hamster oral mucosa @entity146 test, a @entity840 skin sensitisation test and a @entity95 intracutaneous test. The biological reaction was scored. RESULTS: Reaction scores were considerably <1.0, the acceptable limit set by the @entity8670 , in all three tests. Indeed, in most samples, there was no deleterious effect at all. CONCLUSION: These results tested on animals demonstrate that denture base resin coated with @entity3759 by this method does not cause @entity146 or sensitisation of the oral mucosa, skin or intracutaneous tissue and is therefore good biocompatibility for use in close proximity to oral mucosa and skin.

title: Biocompatibility of a XXXX -coating method for denture base acrylic resin.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethyl methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['titanium dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is quick and easy tests to assess @entity1 ' functional mobility. However, its reliability in individuals with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) has not been well established. The aims of this study were to determine the reliability and minimal detectable change of the TUG test in individuals with doubtful to moderate (Grade 1-3) knee @entity571 . METHODS: Sixty-five subjects (25 male, 40 female), aged 45-70 years, with knee @entity571 participated. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using two observers at different times of the same day in an alternating order. Intra-rater reliability was assessed on two consecutive visits with a 2-day interval. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC) were calculated to determine statistically meaningful changes. RESULTS: Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were 0.97 (95  % confidence interval [CI], 0.95 - 0.98) and 0.96 (95  % confidence interval [CI], 0.94 - 0.97), respectively. The MDC, based on measurements by a single rater and between raters, was 1.10 and 1.14  seconds, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The TUG is a reliable test with adequate MDC for clinical use in individuals with doubtful to moderate knee @entity571 .

title: The reliability and minimal detectable change of Timed Up and Go test in individuals with grade 1 - 3 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the present population-based analysis was to assess survival patterns in @entity1 with resected and metastatic @entity677 . METHODS: @entity1 with histologically proven @entity677 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 1998 through 2011. Survival was determined applying Kaplan-Meier-estimates and multivariable Cox-regression analyses. The impact of size and mitotic count on survival was assessed with a generalized receiver-operating characteristic-analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 5138 @entity1 were included. Median age was 62  years (range: 18-101 years), 47.3  % were female, 68.8  % Caucasians. @entity677 location was in the stomach in 58.7  % and small bowel in 31.2  %. Lymph node and distant @entity3 were found in 5.1 and 18.0  %, respectively. For non-metastatic @entity677 , three-year overall survival increased from 68.5  % (95 % CI: 58.8-79.8  %) in 1998 to 88.6  % (95 % CI: 85.3-92.0  %) in 2008, @entity5 -specific survival from 75.3  % (95 % CI: 66.1-85.9  %) in 1998 to 92.2  % (95 % CI: 89.4-95.1  %) in 2008. For metastatic @entity677 , three-year overall survival increased from 15.0  % (95 % CI: 5.3-42.6  %) in 1998 to 54.7  % (95 % CI: 44.4-67.3  %) in 2008, @entity5 -specific survival from 15.0  % (95 % CI: 5.3-42.6  %) in 1998 to 61.9  % (95 % CI: 51.4-74.5  %) in 2008 (all PTrend   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first SEER trend analysis assessing outcomes in a large cohort of @entity677 @entity1 over a 11-year time period. The analysis provides compelling evidence of a statistically significant and clinically relevant increase in overall and @entity5 -specific survival from 1998 to 2008, both for resected as well as metastatic @entity677 .

title: Population-based SEER trend analysis of overall and XXXX -specific survival in 5138 @entity1 with gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the present population-based analysis was to assess survival patterns in @entity1 with resected and metastatic @entity677 . METHODS: @entity1 with histologically proven @entity677 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 1998 through 2011. Survival was determined applying Kaplan-Meier-estimates and multivariable Cox-regression analyses. The impact of size and mitotic count on survival was assessed with a generalized receiver-operating characteristic-analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 5138 @entity1 were included. Median age was 62  years (range: 18-101 years), 47.3  % were female, 68.8  % Caucasians. @entity677 location was in the stomach in 58.7  % and small bowel in 31.2  %. Lymph node and distant @entity3 were found in 5.1 and 18.0  %, respectively. For non-metastatic @entity677 , three-year overall survival increased from 68.5  % (95 % CI: 58.8-79.8  %) in 1998 to 88.6  % (95 % CI: 85.3-92.0  %) in 2008, @entity5 -specific survival from 75.3  % (95 % CI: 66.1-85.9  %) in 1998 to 92.2  % (95 % CI: 89.4-95.1  %) in 2008. For metastatic @entity677 , three-year overall survival increased from 15.0  % (95 % CI: 5.3-42.6  %) in 1998 to 54.7  % (95 % CI: 44.4-67.3  %) in 2008, @entity5 -specific survival from 15.0  % (95 % CI: 5.3-42.6  %) in 1998 to 61.9  % (95 % CI: 51.4-74.5  %) in 2008 (all PTrend   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first SEER trend analysis assessing outcomes in a large cohort of @entity677 @entity1 over a 11-year time period. The analysis provides compelling evidence of a statistically significant and clinically relevant increase in overall and @entity5 -specific survival from 1998 to 2008, both for resected as well as metastatic @entity677 .

title: Population-based SEER trend analysis of overall and @entity5 -specific survival in 5138 XXXX with gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The extensibility of the pulmonary artery (PA) were examined using a combined hemodynamic and ultrasonic technique in 14 @entity1 with @entity118 ( @entity118 ), three with @entity118 and @entity120 ( @entity120 ), 17 with @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) and 11 with @entity1757 and @entity120 . Seven @entity1 with neither intracardiac shunt nor @entity120 served as controls. The tension (T) of PA was measured as the product of the pressure and the diameter (D) and was found to be high in the @entity1 with intracardiac shunt. The resting diameter of PA (D0) was calculated as the intersect with the D axis in the regression line of PA tension-diameter relation. The Lagrangian strain of PA [(D--D0)/D0] was obtained using D0 and correlated with T yielding a linear regression equation. The elastic modulus (E) was obtained as the slope of this equation. E in the @entity1 with @entity118 [(1.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(5) dynes/cm] or @entity1757 [(9.8 +/- 4.6) x 10(4) dynes/cm] were slightly higher than that of the control [(6.7 +/- 2.9) x 10(4) dynes/cm], but these differences were not statistically significant. However, E in the @entity1 with @entity118 and @entity120 [(2.5 +/- 1.3) x 10(5) dynes/cm] or in the @entity1 with @entity1757 and @entity120 [(2.6 +/- 0.9) x 10(5) dynes/cm] were significantly higher than the control. E seemed unlikely to be causally related to the resistance of PA capillary beds, and was suggested to be influenced by the histological changes of the pulmonary trunk. It was concluded that the extensibility of PA in the @entity1 with @entity118 or @entity1757 was not altered secondary to the increased blood flow unless @entity120 was associated.

title: Pulmonary arterial extensibility in XXXX with intracardiac left to right shunt.

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The appendix, considered an intestinal microbiota reservoir, may be protective against the risk of fulminant @entity2718 @entity281 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed in @entity1 with @entity2718 @entity281 at St. Francis Medical Center from 2007 to 2011. Outcome of @entity281 and history of appendectomy were compared. Statistical analysis was by chi-square and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: In total, 507 @entity1 were hospitalized for @entity2718 . Of 388 @entity1 with intact appendix, 20 (5.2%) developed fulminant @entity281 and required colectomy, whereas of 119 @entity1 with previous appendectomy, 13 (10.9%) required colectomy. An increased severity of disease, indicated by increased rate of colectomy, occurred for the group with a history of appendectomy (P = .03). Age and sex were adjusted by multivariant regression (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: Appendectomy may be a risk factor for increased severity of @entity2718 @entity281 . Although the mechanism is unknown, further studies are warranted.

title: Appendectomy: a risk factor for colectomy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The appendix, considered an intestinal microbiota reservoir, may be protective against the risk of fulminant @entity2718 @entity281 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed in @entity1 with @entity2718 @entity281 at St. Francis Medical Center from 2007 to 2011. Outcome of @entity281 and history of appendectomy were compared. Statistical analysis was by chi-square and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: In total, 507 @entity1 were hospitalized for @entity2718 . Of 388 @entity1 with intact appendix, 20 (5.2%) developed fulminant @entity281 and required colectomy, whereas of 119 @entity1 with previous appendectomy, 13 (10.9%) required colectomy. An increased severity of disease, indicated by increased rate of colectomy, occurred for the group with a history of appendectomy (P = .03). Age and sex were adjusted by multivariant regression (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: Appendectomy may be a risk factor for increased severity of @entity2718 @entity281 . Although the mechanism is unknown, further studies are warranted.

title: Appendectomy: a risk factor for colectomy in XXXX with @entity2718 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Bronchoalveolar lavage is used to evaluate @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity358 . Normal values for lavage cell counts and proteins are derived primarily from young subjects who are free from @entity358 ; however, older @entity1 who undergo bronchoalveolar lavage often have used cigarettes for long periods of time and have developed variable degrees of chronic @entity3617 and/or chronic air-flow obstruction. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of cigarette use, chronic @entity3617 , and chronic air-flow obstruction on lavage cell populations by performing bronchoalveolar lavage in 48 male @entity1 who were undergoing diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Sixteen @entity1 (33%) had elevated percentages of neutrophils (greater than or equal to 10%) in lavage fluid. Fourteen of these (87.5%) had chronic cough and/or phlegm production, but only 9 (64.3%) met criteria for definite chronic @entity3617 . @entity1 with moderate or severe air-flow obstruction, defined spirometrically, had significantly greater percentages of lavage neutrophils and lower percentages of macrophages than did @entity1 with mild or no air-flow obstruction. The first lavage aliquot contained the greatest proportion of neutrophils and the smallest proportion of macrophages. The percentage of neutrophils declined and the percentage of macrophages increased in sequential aliquots. The data indicate that @entity1 with chronic cough and/or phlegm production and chronic air-flow obstruction may have increased proportions of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the absence of @entity401 or @entity281 . These variables must be taken into account when interpreting lavage cellular analyses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of chronic XXXX and chronic air-flow obstruction on lung cell populations recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'diffuse lung disease']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse parenchymal lung disease']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe and summarize the morphologic features that may suggest submucosal invasive @entity420 in colorectal mucosa biopsy specimens. METHODS: The study cohort included 432 colorectal biopsy specimens were obtained from 2006 to 2012. All the cases had radical surgery. Basing on the pathologic diagnoses, the cases were divided into 366 invasive @entity420 (IAC) and 66 @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ). These two groups were compared. RESULTS: In the IAC group, the percentage of @entity5 forming cribriform structures, acute angle-shaped glands, diffuse @entity189 cell proliferation was 61.2% (224/366) , 33.8% (124/366) and 7.4% (27/366) , respectively. In the @entity2735 group, cribriform gland structures appeared in 6.0% (4/66) of the cases, while no acute angle-shaped gland or diffuse @entity189 cell proliferation was detected. The difference of these three characteristics in the two group was statistically significant (all P < 0.01). Glandular branching was detected in 89.9% (329/366) of IAC cases and 66.7% (44/66) of @entity2735 cases; this difference was not significant. There was no difference in cellular atypia between the two groups. Interstitial @entity82 was detected more frequently in the IAC group (85.5%, 313/366 in IAC versus 0 in @entity2735 , P < 0.01). In biopsy specimens of IAC, a few cases showed @entity5 in close contact with large lymphatics, adipose tissue, and @entity4494 . CONCLUSIONS: In colorectal biopsy specimen, the five features that suggest submucosal invasion of the @entity5 including the formation of cribriform structure, angular gland, diffuse @entity189 cells, interstitial @entity82 and @entity5 in close contact with the thick-walled vessels.

title: [Morphologic features suggestive of submucosal invasive XXXX in colorectal mucosal biopsy specimens].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['HGIN', 'high-grade intraepithelial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic glands']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: 1. Isometric contractions of fast and slow twitch muscles of @entity35 were recorded 1-42 days after denervation. 2. The major changes occurred over the period from 2 to 6 days after denervation. These changes were qualitatively similar in the two types of muscle. The most important effects were on the twitch: times to peak and half relaxation were prolonged, active @entity2701 and peak rate of rise of @entity2701 were increased. Tetanic @entity2701 per unit cross-sectional area and the maximum rate of rise of @entity2701 decreased during this period but, in the second week, the @entity2701 recovered substantially and the maximum rate recovered completely. 3. Very small differences were seen between muscles denervated with @entity129 at day 4. 4. In the late stage of denervation (7-42 days) twitch and tetanic @entity2701 fell more than cross-sectional area, but this may have been due to greater @entity194 of fibres compared with other muscle tissue. 5. Apart from this @entity2701 fall, there were only small changes in the fast muscle in the late stage of denervation. These were a fall in twitch- @entity116 ratio and a prolongation of relaxation. 6. In more than half of the soleus muscles there was a late reversal of some of the denervation changes, and these muscles showed a greater degree of @entity194 . The less atrophied soleus muscles maintained a prolonged twitch and a low rate of development of @entity2701 . 7. It is concluded that denervation affects the contractile properties of muscle as early and as abruptly as it does the membrane properties, and that most of the contractile changes are a direct consequence of changes in excitation-contraction coupling alone.

title: The effects of denervation on contractile properties or XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['short and long nerve stumps']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT:        Weight or @entity353 per se may not indicate health status or health benefit.        There is no gold standard for assessing which @entity1 would benefit most from weight-loss interventions.        The King's Criteria is one of several recently proposed @entity28 classification systems. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:        The King's Criteria can capture health problems related to @entity28 and health benefits after @entity353 .        The King's Criteria is a reproducible scoring system.        Using the King's Criteria may help shift the focus of @entity1 and clinicians from @entity353 to health gain. SUMMARY: Body mass index (BMI) alone does not reflect health status in individuals. The King's Obesity Staging Criteria is a clinical tool for the assessment of @entity1 with complex @entity28 . We assessed the performance of a modified version of the King's Criteria by scoring 144 @entity28 @entity1 before and 1 year after bariatric surgery. We also evaluated inter-observer variability by having 11 clinicians score the same 12 @entity1 . The King's Obesity Staging Criteria comprise nine health domains: Airways, Body mass index, @entity65 , @entity6 , Economic complications, Functional limitations, @entity444 , Health status (perceived), and body Image. For each domain, a @entity1 's health is assigned a score of 0 ('normal health'), 1 ('at risk'), 2 ('established disease') or 3 ('advanced disease'). The @entity1 's mean BMI decreased from 48        7 to 37        7   kg   m(-2) post surgery. Before surgery, 84% of @entity1 were either in stage 2 ('established disease') or stage 3 ('advanced disease') for one or more domains other than BMI. The modified King's Criteria showed significant health improvements after surgery, with a higher proportion of @entity1 scored in stage 0 ('normal health') within each health domain (P   <   0.001 for all). Observers assigned the same score in >75% of cases for all domains except Health status perceived (71%) and body Image (65%). In conclusion the King's Criteria captured morbidity in @entity28 @entity1 and health gains after @entity353 . Different clinicians mostly assigned similar scores. The King's Criteria is a clinical tool that may help shift the focus of @entity1 and clinicians towards improving health and not only losing weight. REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01112228 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).

title: Assessment of XXXX beyond body mass index to determine benefit of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['Gonadal axis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The study of hard-to-reach populations presents significant challenges. Typically, a sampling frame is not available, and population members are difficult to identify or recruit from broader sampling frames. This is especially true of populations at high risk for @entity645 / @entity791 . Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is often used in such settings with the primary goal of estimating the prevalence of @entity281 . In such populations, the number of @entity1 at risk for @entity281 and the number of @entity1 infected are of fundamental importance. This article presents a case-study of the estimation of the size of the hard-to-reach population based on data collected through RDS. We study two populations of female sex workers and @entity1 -who-have-sex-with- @entity1 in El Salvador. The approach is Bayesian and we consider different forms of prior information, including using the UNAIDS population size guidelines for this region. We show that the method is able to quantify the amount of information on population size available in RDS samples. As separate validation, we compare our results to those estimated by extrapolating from a capture-recapture study of El Salvadorian cities. The results of our case-study are largely comparable to those of the capture-recapture study when they differ from the UNAIDS guidelines. Our method is widely applicable to data from RDS studies and we provide a software package to facilitate this.

title: Estimating the size of populations at high risk for XXXX using respondent-driven sampling data.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity250 is one of several factors related to medication compliance in patients taking antipsychotic medication but the magnitude of this problem is unknown. AIM: Compare the self-reported sexual functioning of clinically stable @entity1 with @entity161 taking antipsychotic medication to that of healthy controls using the Turkish version of the 5-item Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX). This scale, which has previously been validated in @entity233 , assesses 5 components of sexual function: sex drive, sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication/penile erection, ability to achieve orgasm, and satisfaction with orgasm. METHODS: The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and ASEX were administered to 101 clinically stable outpatients with @entity161 (38 females and 63 males). The ASEX was also administered to 89 control subjects (41 females and 48 males) without a history of @entity1032 . Respondents were classified as having @entity250 if ASEX total score (range 5-30) >18, if any ASEX item score (range 1-6) >=  5, or if 3 or more ASEX items >= 4. RESULTS: Male @entity1 with @entity161 have significantly more self-reported @entity250 than healthy controls (46% vs. 8%). The prevalence of @entity250 is higher in female @entity1 than in male @entity1 (68% vs. 46%), but it was also very high in healthy female controls (68%), so the @entity250 of female @entity1 cannot be attributed to their illness or to the medications they are taking. Within the @entity1 group, there was no significant relationship between the severity of positive or negative symptoms and the severity of @entity250 , and the severity of sexual function was not different between @entity1 taking first-generation or second-generation antipsychotic medications. CONCLUSIONS: The very different findings by gender in @entity233 highlights the importance of assessing location-specific and gender-specific sexual norms when trying to assess the role of @entity1032 and medications on sexual functioning. Prospective studies are needed to distinguish the relative importance of cultural norms, the @entity161 , and the use of antipsychotic medication in the etiology and course of @entity250 among individuals with @entity161 .

title: @entity250 in outpatients with @entity161 in XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic illness']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity250 is one of several factors related to medication compliance in patients taking antipsychotic medication but the magnitude of this problem is unknown. AIM: Compare the self-reported sexual functioning of clinically stable @entity1 with @entity161 taking antipsychotic medication to that of healthy controls using the Turkish version of the 5-item Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX). This scale, which has previously been validated in @entity233 , assesses 5 components of sexual function: sex drive, sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication/penile erection, ability to achieve orgasm, and satisfaction with orgasm. METHODS: The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and ASEX were administered to 101 clinically stable outpatients with @entity161 (38 females and 63 males). The ASEX was also administered to 89 control subjects (41 females and 48 males) without a history of @entity1032 . Respondents were classified as having @entity250 if ASEX total score (range 5-30) >18, if any ASEX item score (range 1-6) >=  5, or if 3 or more ASEX items >= 4. RESULTS: Male @entity1 with @entity161 have significantly more self-reported @entity250 than healthy controls (46% vs. 8%). The prevalence of @entity250 is higher in female @entity1 than in male @entity1 (68% vs. 46%), but it was also very high in healthy female controls (68%), so the @entity250 of female @entity1 cannot be attributed to their illness or to the medications they are taking. Within the @entity1 group, there was no significant relationship between the severity of positive or negative symptoms and the severity of @entity250 , and the severity of sexual function was not different between @entity1 taking first-generation or second-generation antipsychotic medications. CONCLUSIONS: The very different findings by gender in @entity233 highlights the importance of assessing location-specific and gender-specific sexual norms when trying to assess the role of @entity1032 and medications on sexual functioning. Prospective studies are needed to distinguish the relative importance of cultural norms, the @entity161 , and the use of antipsychotic medication in the etiology and course of @entity250 among individuals with @entity161 .

title: @entity250 in outpatients with XXXX in @entity233 : a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity250 is one of several factors related to medication compliance in patients taking antipsychotic medication but the magnitude of this problem is unknown. AIM: Compare the self-reported sexual functioning of clinically stable @entity1 with @entity161 taking antipsychotic medication to that of healthy controls using the Turkish version of the 5-item Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX). This scale, which has previously been validated in @entity233 , assesses 5 components of sexual function: sex drive, sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication/penile erection, ability to achieve orgasm, and satisfaction with orgasm. METHODS: The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and ASEX were administered to 101 clinically stable outpatients with @entity161 (38 females and 63 males). The ASEX was also administered to 89 control subjects (41 females and 48 males) without a history of @entity1032 . Respondents were classified as having @entity250 if ASEX total score (range 5-30) >18, if any ASEX item score (range 1-6) >=  5, or if 3 or more ASEX items >= 4. RESULTS: Male @entity1 with @entity161 have significantly more self-reported @entity250 than healthy controls (46% vs. 8%). The prevalence of @entity250 is higher in female @entity1 than in male @entity1 (68% vs. 46%), but it was also very high in healthy female controls (68%), so the @entity250 of female @entity1 cannot be attributed to their illness or to the medications they are taking. Within the @entity1 group, there was no significant relationship between the severity of positive or negative symptoms and the severity of @entity250 , and the severity of sexual function was not different between @entity1 taking first-generation or second-generation antipsychotic medications. CONCLUSIONS: The very different findings by gender in @entity233 highlights the importance of assessing location-specific and gender-specific sexual norms when trying to assess the role of @entity1032 and medications on sexual functioning. Prospective studies are needed to distinguish the relative importance of cultural norms, the @entity161 , and the use of antipsychotic medication in the etiology and course of @entity250 among individuals with @entity161 .

title: XXXX in outpatients with @entity161 in @entity233 : a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['Sexual dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with future falls and/or near falls in @entity1 with mild @entity1726 . METHODS: The study included 141 @entity1 with @entity1726 . Mean (SD) age and @entity1726 -duration were 68 (9.7) and 4 years (3.9), respectively. Their median (q1-q3) UPDRS III score was 13 (8-18). Those >80 years of age, requiring support in standing or unable to understand instructions were excluded. Self-administered questionnaires targeted freezing of gait, turning hesitations, walking difficulties in daily life, fatigue, fear of falling, independence in activities of daily living, @entity910 , demographics, falls/near falls history, balance problems while dual tasking and @entity158 . Clinical assessments addressed functional balance performance, retropulsion, comfortable gait speed, motor symptoms and cognition. All falls and near falls were subsequently registered in a diary during a six-month period. Risk factors for prospective falls and/or near falls were determined using logistic regression. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 (45%) experienced >= 1 fall and/or near fall. Three factors were independent predictors of falls and/or near falls: fear of falling (OR = 1.032, p<0.001) history of near falls (OR = 3.475, p = 0.009) and retropulsion (OR = 2.813, p = 0.035). The strongest contributing factor was fear of falling, followed by a history of near falls and retropulsion. CONCLUSIONS: Fear of falling seems to be an important issue to address already in mild @entity1726 as well as asking about prior near falls.

title: Prediction of Falls and/or Near Falls in XXXX with Mild Parkinson's Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: An 11-year-old @entity1 was evaluated for mild periodic @entity425 exacerbated on separate occasions by @entity7306 and @entity1818 . He and his mother both had bidirectional ventricular tachydysrhythmia (BVT), @entity851 , @entity4242 , and @entity7731 . The mother, but not the @entity1 , had @entity8525 . The two antiarrhythmic drugs worsened the @entity425 without benefiting the @entity943 . @entity972 loading produced skeletal @entity425 and transient conversion of the BVT to normal sinus rhythm. @entity1371 aggravated the BVT without causing @entity425 . @entity3791 had no effect. The @entity1 suffered a nonfatal @entity1167 after several days of increased @entity1735 intake. @entity2645 controlled the @entity943 without inducing @entity425 . @entity912 should be considered as the diagnosis in @entity1 with BVT, a potentially fatal condition.

title: Potentially fatal XXXX and hyperkalemic periodic @entity912 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child', 'children', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia', 'cardiac dysrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness', 'muscle weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity7731 :: ('MESH:C536852', 'Disease') :: ['clinodactyly']

entities_list: @entity8525 :: ('MESH:D009222', 'Disease') :: ['lingual myotonia']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['disopyramide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipramine']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['Hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['Periodic paralysis']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['cardiac dysrhythmia']


abstract: An 11-year-old @entity1 was evaluated for mild periodic @entity425 exacerbated on separate occasions by @entity7306 and @entity1818 . He and his mother both had bidirectional ventricular tachydysrhythmia (BVT), @entity851 , @entity4242 , and @entity7731 . The mother, but not the @entity1 , had @entity8525 . The two antiarrhythmic drugs worsened the @entity425 without benefiting the @entity943 . @entity972 loading produced skeletal @entity425 and transient conversion of the BVT to normal sinus rhythm. @entity1371 aggravated the BVT without causing @entity425 . @entity3791 had no effect. The @entity1 suffered a nonfatal @entity1167 after several days of increased @entity1735 intake. @entity2645 controlled the @entity943 without inducing @entity425 . @entity912 should be considered as the diagnosis in @entity1 with BVT, a potentially fatal condition.

title: Potentially fatal @entity943 and hyperkalemic periodic XXXX .

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The NF-kB pathway and @entity5737 ( @entity5737 ) are involved in @entity158 modulation; however, the precise mechanisms of their interactions in chronic @entity9 have yet to be established. METHODS: The present study examined the roles of spinal NF-kB and @entity5737 in a @entity9 model after @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) surgery. @entity8638 -induced @entity158 facilitation was evaluated using the Plantar and von Frey tests. The changes in NF-kB and @entity5737 expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. RESULTS: Spinal NF-kB and @entity5737 expression increased after @entity8638 surgery. Repeated intrathecal infusions of @entity13373 ( @entity14568 , a NF-kB inhibitor) decreased @entity5737 expression, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and attenuated @entity8638 -induced @entity1931 and @entity1931 . Intrathecal injection of a @entity5737 -neutralizing antibody attenuated @entity8638 -induced @entity158 facilitation and also suppressed spinal glial cell activation after @entity8638 surgery. However, the @entity5737 -neutralizing antibody did not affect NF-kB expression. Furthermore, selective glial inhibitors, @entity1214 and @entity17037 , attenuated the @entity1931 induced by intrathecal @entity5737 . CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of spinal @entity5737 expression may provide a new method to prevent and treat @entity128 -induced @entity9 .

title: Spinal NF-kB and Chemokine Ligand 5 Expression during Spinal Glial Cell Activation in a XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity17037 :: ('MESH:C007744', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorocitrate']

entities_list: @entity5737 :: ('6352', 'Gene') :: ['CCL5', 'chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Neuropathic Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The immediate postnatal period is the period of the fastest growth in the entire life span and a critical period for lung development. Therefore, it is interesting to examine the association between growth during this period and childhood @entity1576 . METHODS: We examined the association of peak weight and height velocity to age 36 months with maternal report of current @entity565 at 36 months (n = 50,311), recurrent @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) by 36 months (n = 47,905) and current @entity565 at 7 years (n = 24,827) in the Norwegian Mother and @entity1 Cohort Study. Peak weight and height velocity was calculated using the Reed1 model through multilevel mixed-effects linear regression. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to calculate adjusted relative risks (adj.RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We also conducted a sibling pair analysis using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Peak weight velocity was positively associated with current @entity565 at 36 months [adj.RR 1.22 (95%CI: 1.18, 1.26) per standard deviation (SD) increase], recurrent @entity1729 by 36 months [adj.RR 1.14 (1.10, 1.19) per SD increase] and current @entity565 at 7 years [adj.RR 1.13 (95%CI: 1.07, 1.19) per SD increase]. Peak height velocity was not associated with any of the @entity1576 . The positive association of peak weight velocity and @entity565 at 36 months remained in the sibling pair analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Higher peak weight velocity, achieved during the immediate postnatal period, increased the risk of @entity1576 . This might be explained by an influence on neonatal lung development, shared genetic/epigenetic mechanisms and/or environmental factors.

title: Peak Weight and Height Velocity to Age 36 Months and Asthma Development: The Norwegian Mother and XXXX Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['LRTIs', 'lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1643 is a serious global health problem. There is substantial evidence that physicians' attitudes towards and beliefs about @entity1643 can influence their subsequent management of the condition. OBJECTIVES: (1) to evaluate the attitudes and beliefs towards @entity1643 among primary care physicians in Asia; (2) to study the cultural differences and other factors that are associated with these attitudes and beliefs. METHOD: A cross sectional online survey was sent to primary care physicians who are members of the Hong Kong College of Family Physician (HKCFP). The @entity158 Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapist (PABS-PT) was used as the questionnaire to determine the biomedical and biopsychosocial orientation of the @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean Biomedical (BM) score was 34.8+/-6.1; the mean biopsychosocial (BPS) score was 35.6 (+/- 4.8). Both scores were higher than those of European doctors. Family medicine specialists had a lower biomedical score than General practitioners. Physicians working in the public sector tended to have low BM and low BPS scores; whereas physicians working in private practice tended to have high BM and high BPS scores. CONCLUSION: The lack of concordance in the @entity158 explanatory models used by private and public sector may have a detrimental effect on @entity1 who are under the care of both parties. The uncertain treatment orientation may have a negative influence on @entity1 ' attitudes and beliefs, thus contributing to the @entity2701 and, perhaps, even ailing mental state of a @entity1 with chronic @entity5752 .

title: Primary Care Physicians' Attitudes and Beliefs towards XXXX : An Asian Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'Chronic low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Chronic Low Back Pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ), @entity31 ( @entity31 ), and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) manifest as various, multiple symptoms from malfunctioning and/or damaged gastrointestinal tract, which plague the @entity1 . These symptoms result from the dysfunctional expression products of the specific mutations of the genes, which either manifest upon birth ( @entity1577 ) or later in life in immuno-genetically susceptible individuals as @entity29 ( @entity29 ). They all may potentially lead to @entity3147 of the @entity1 . Since only correcting the mutated genes, may cure these diseases permanently, the works on the future safe gene therapies continue vigorously. However, provision of the necessary nutrients to the suffering @entity1 is the requirement for an effective, supportive care at present. In this realm, we have developed a model of the diseased gastrointestinal tract aimed to guide designing and testing various nutritional therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is well known that @entity29 induce crypts within the @entity1 ' gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, we have bioengineered, a novel, three-dimensional model of the gastrointestinal tract to evaluate the rheology of different types of nutrients. The model was assembled out of the bio-inert polymer tube with openings leading to vials of different shapes and sizes, as the simulation of the gastrointestinal tract altered by the diseases to contain multiple crypts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed three-dimensional model effectively simulates the structure and functions of the gastrointestinal tract of the @entity1 with mild and severe @entity31 , @entity30 , and @entity1577 . This model should allow us to design and test different nutritional supplements, with properties complementing the pathologically altered by the diseases functionalities of the @entity1 ' gastrointestinal tracts. Therefore, it should help us to design the effective supportive therapies; thus to prevent the @entity1 ' @entity3147 .

title: A 3D Polymer Model for Future Nutrition Design Novel Nutrition Approach for @entity1577 , XXXX and @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative Colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'Cystic Fibrosis']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative Colitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ), @entity31 ( @entity31 ), and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) manifest as various, multiple symptoms from malfunctioning and/or damaged gastrointestinal tract, which plague the @entity1 . These symptoms result from the dysfunctional expression products of the specific mutations of the genes, which either manifest upon birth ( @entity1577 ) or later in life in immuno-genetically susceptible individuals as @entity29 ( @entity29 ). They all may potentially lead to @entity3147 of the @entity1 . Since only correcting the mutated genes, may cure these diseases permanently, the works on the future safe gene therapies continue vigorously. However, provision of the necessary nutrients to the suffering @entity1 is the requirement for an effective, supportive care at present. In this realm, we have developed a model of the diseased gastrointestinal tract aimed to guide designing and testing various nutritional therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is well known that @entity29 induce crypts within the @entity1 ' gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, we have bioengineered, a novel, three-dimensional model of the gastrointestinal tract to evaluate the rheology of different types of nutrients. The model was assembled out of the bio-inert polymer tube with openings leading to vials of different shapes and sizes, as the simulation of the gastrointestinal tract altered by the diseases to contain multiple crypts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed three-dimensional model effectively simulates the structure and functions of the gastrointestinal tract of the @entity1 with mild and severe @entity31 , @entity30 , and @entity1577 . This model should allow us to design and test different nutritional supplements, with properties complementing the pathologically altered by the diseases functionalities of the @entity1 ' gastrointestinal tracts. Therefore, it should help us to design the effective supportive therapies; thus to prevent the @entity1 ' @entity3147 .

title: A 3D Polymer Model for Future Nutrition Design Novel Nutrition Approach for @entity1577 , @entity31 and XXXX .

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ), @entity31 ( @entity31 ), and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) manifest as various, multiple symptoms from malfunctioning and/or damaged gastrointestinal tract, which plague the @entity1 . These symptoms result from the dysfunctional expression products of the specific mutations of the genes, which either manifest upon birth ( @entity1577 ) or later in life in immuno-genetically susceptible individuals as @entity29 ( @entity29 ). They all may potentially lead to @entity3147 of the @entity1 . Since only correcting the mutated genes, may cure these diseases permanently, the works on the future safe gene therapies continue vigorously. However, provision of the necessary nutrients to the suffering @entity1 is the requirement for an effective, supportive care at present. In this realm, we have developed a model of the diseased gastrointestinal tract aimed to guide designing and testing various nutritional therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is well known that @entity29 induce crypts within the @entity1 ' gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, we have bioengineered, a novel, three-dimensional model of the gastrointestinal tract to evaluate the rheology of different types of nutrients. The model was assembled out of the bio-inert polymer tube with openings leading to vials of different shapes and sizes, as the simulation of the gastrointestinal tract altered by the diseases to contain multiple crypts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed three-dimensional model effectively simulates the structure and functions of the gastrointestinal tract of the @entity1 with mild and severe @entity31 , @entity30 , and @entity1577 . This model should allow us to design and test different nutritional supplements, with properties complementing the pathologically altered by the diseases functionalities of the @entity1 ' gastrointestinal tracts. Therefore, it should help us to design the effective supportive therapies; thus to prevent the @entity1 ' @entity3147 .

title: A 3D Polymer Model for Future Nutrition Design Novel Nutrition Approach for XXXX , @entity31 and @entity30 .

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['Cystic Fibrosis']


abstract: @entity409 is associated with a variety of inflammatory diseases. Treg populations are defined by expression of the oligomeric transcription factor @entity3744 and inability to produce @entity2047 , a cytokine required for T cell maintenance and survival. @entity3744 activity is regulated post-translationally by histone/protein acetyltransferases and histone/protein deacetylases (HDACs). Here, we determined that @entity31934 mediates both the development and function of the two main Treg subsets, thymus-derived Tregs and induced Tregs (iTregs). We determined that @entity31934 and @entity3744 physically interact and that @entity31934 expression markedly reduces @entity2047 promoter activity. In @entity19 models, conditional deletion of @entity31934 during thymic Treg development restored Treg production of @entity2047 and blocked the suppressive function of Tregs. @entity31934 -deficient @entity19 died from autoimmunity by 4-6 weeks of age; however, injection of WT @entity3744 + Tregs prolonged survival. Adoptive transfer of @entity31934 -deficient Tregs, unlike WT Tregs, did not control T cell proliferation in naive @entity19 and did not prevent allograft rejection or @entity1960 . @entity31934 also regulated the development of iTregs, as @entity31934 -deficient conventional T cells were not converted into iTregs under polarizing conditions and produced large amounts of @entity2047 , @entity777 , and @entity636 . We conclude that @entity31934 is essential for the normal development and suppressive functions of thymic and peripheral @entity3744 + Tregs.

title: XXXX + regulatory T cell development and function require histone/protein deacetylase 3.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Treg dysfunction']

answer: @entity3744 :: (20371(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['FOXP3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5080 and @entity906 are commonly used antidepressants for treatment of @entity308 in older @entity1 . Both drugs are metabolized by the polymorphic @entity5320 ( @entity5320 ) enzyme and guidelines for dose adaptations based on the @entity5320 genotype have been developed. The @entity5320 Screening Among Elderly (CYSCE) trial is designed to address the potential health and economic value of genotyping for @entity5320 in optimizing dose-finding of @entity5080 and @entity906 . METHODS/DESIGN: In a pragmatic randomized controlled trial, @entity1 diagnosed with a major @entity308 according to the DSM-IV and aged 60  years or older will be recruited from @entity146 centers across the Netherlands. After @entity5320 genotyping determined in peripheral blood obtained by finger-prick, @entity1 will be grouped into poor, intermediate, extensive, or ultrarapid metabolizers. @entity1 with deviant genotype (that is poor, intermediate or ultrarapid genotype) will be randomly allocated to an intervention group in which the genotype and dosing advice is communicated to the treating physician, or to a control group in which @entity1 receive care as usual. Additionally, an external reference group of @entity1 with the extensive metabolizer genotype is included. Primary outcome in all groups is time needed to obtain an adequate blood level of the antidepressant drug. Secondary outcomes include @entity137 measured by a shortened Antidepressant Side-Effects Checklist (ASEC), and cost-effectiveness of the screening. DISCUSSION: Results of this trial will guide policy-making with regard to pharmacogenetic screening prior to treatment with @entity5080 or @entity906 among older @entity1 with @entity308 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01778907 ; registration date: 22 January 2013.

title: Effects and cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenetic screening for @entity5320 among older adults starting therapy with XXXX or @entity906 : study protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (CYSCEtrial).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5080 :: ('MESH:D009661', 'Chemical') :: ['Nortriptyline', 'nortriptyline']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

answer: @entity5080 :: (MESH:D009661,Chemical) :: ['nortriptyline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5080 and @entity906 are commonly used antidepressants for treatment of @entity308 in older @entity1 . Both drugs are metabolized by the polymorphic @entity5320 ( @entity5320 ) enzyme and guidelines for dose adaptations based on the @entity5320 genotype have been developed. The @entity5320 Screening Among Elderly (CYSCE) trial is designed to address the potential health and economic value of genotyping for @entity5320 in optimizing dose-finding of @entity5080 and @entity906 . METHODS/DESIGN: In a pragmatic randomized controlled trial, @entity1 diagnosed with a major @entity308 according to the DSM-IV and aged 60  years or older will be recruited from @entity146 centers across the Netherlands. After @entity5320 genotyping determined in peripheral blood obtained by finger-prick, @entity1 will be grouped into poor, intermediate, extensive, or ultrarapid metabolizers. @entity1 with deviant genotype (that is poor, intermediate or ultrarapid genotype) will be randomly allocated to an intervention group in which the genotype and dosing advice is communicated to the treating physician, or to a control group in which @entity1 receive care as usual. Additionally, an external reference group of @entity1 with the extensive metabolizer genotype is included. Primary outcome in all groups is time needed to obtain an adequate blood level of the antidepressant drug. Secondary outcomes include @entity137 measured by a shortened Antidepressant Side-Effects Checklist (ASEC), and cost-effectiveness of the screening. DISCUSSION: Results of this trial will guide policy-making with regard to pharmacogenetic screening prior to treatment with @entity5080 or @entity906 among older @entity1 with @entity308 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01778907 ; registration date: 22 January 2013.

title: Effects and cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenetic screening for @entity5320 among older adults starting therapy with @entity5080 or XXXX : study protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (CYSCEtrial).

answer: @entity906 :: (MESH:C047426,Chemical) :: ['venlafaxine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5080 and @entity906 are commonly used antidepressants for treatment of @entity308 in older @entity1 . Both drugs are metabolized by the polymorphic @entity5320 ( @entity5320 ) enzyme and guidelines for dose adaptations based on the @entity5320 genotype have been developed. The @entity5320 Screening Among Elderly (CYSCE) trial is designed to address the potential health and economic value of genotyping for @entity5320 in optimizing dose-finding of @entity5080 and @entity906 . METHODS/DESIGN: In a pragmatic randomized controlled trial, @entity1 diagnosed with a major @entity308 according to the DSM-IV and aged 60  years or older will be recruited from @entity146 centers across the Netherlands. After @entity5320 genotyping determined in peripheral blood obtained by finger-prick, @entity1 will be grouped into poor, intermediate, extensive, or ultrarapid metabolizers. @entity1 with deviant genotype (that is poor, intermediate or ultrarapid genotype) will be randomly allocated to an intervention group in which the genotype and dosing advice is communicated to the treating physician, or to a control group in which @entity1 receive care as usual. Additionally, an external reference group of @entity1 with the extensive metabolizer genotype is included. Primary outcome in all groups is time needed to obtain an adequate blood level of the antidepressant drug. Secondary outcomes include @entity137 measured by a shortened Antidepressant Side-Effects Checklist (ASEC), and cost-effectiveness of the screening. DISCUSSION: Results of this trial will guide policy-making with regard to pharmacogenetic screening prior to treatment with @entity5080 or @entity906 among older @entity1 with @entity308 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01778907 ; registration date: 22 January 2013.

title: Effects and cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenetic screening for XXXX among older adults starting therapy with @entity5080 or @entity906 : study protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (CYSCEtrial).

answer: @entity5320 :: (1565,Gene) :: ['CYP2D6']