abstract: Importance: Nonsurgical treatment of advanced supraglottic @entity5 is widely used as part of a larynx preservation protocol. However, recent studies have suggested that nonsurgical treatment may be associated with inferior survival. Furthermore, it is not clear whether preservation of the larynx provides superior voice or swallowing function in the long term. Objective: To test the hypothesis that surgical treatment of advanced-stage @entity957 of the supraglottic larynx is associated with superior @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), freedom from recurrence (FFR), and noninferior voice and swallowing function. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Retrospective medical record review of @entity1 treated for stage III or @entity957 of the supraglottic larynx between January 1990 and June 2013 at a tertiary referral center: 97 @entity1 underwent surgical treatment and 138, nonsurgical treatment. Exclusion criteria included prior definitive treatment for @entity5 or evidence of distant metastatic disease at presentation. The median follow-up for all 235 @entity1 was 63 months. Interventions: Surgical or nonsurgical therapy. Main Outcomes and Measures: Freedom from recurrence (FFR), @entity1349 , larynx preservation, voice graded from 1 to 5, and swallowing graded from 1 to 6 using our voice and swallowing function scales. Results: Surgical treatment was associated with superior FFR (5-year FFR: 75% vs 55%; P   =   .006) but not @entity1349 (5-year @entity1349 : 52% vs 52%; P   =   .61). The larynx was preserved in 83% of @entity1 in the nonsurgical group vs 42% of @entity1 in the surgical group (P   <   .001). Voice function was superior in the nonsurgical group at all time points through 5 years after treatment (mean voice score, 3.8 vs 2.6; P   <   .001). Swallowing function was comparable between surgical and nonsurgical groups. Multivariable analysis revealed that advanced age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.43 per 10-year increment; 95% CI, 1.19-1.72) and clinical N stage (HR, 1.17 per 1-level increment; 95% CI, 1.05-1.30) were associated with worse @entity1349 , while treatment with chemotherapy was associated with superior @entity1349 (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.41-0.92). Conclusions and Relevance: Compared with surgical treatment, nonsurgical treatment as part of a larynx preservation protocol is associated with a higher likelihood of recurrence but has similar @entity1349 and should continue to be viewed as a viable alternative for the treatment of advanced supraglottic @entity5 .

title: Oncologic and Functional Outcomes of Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment of XXXX of the Supraglottic Larynx.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'IV squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize Kenyan runners in regard to their @entity26 uptake and blood and @entity3265 responses when running. Untrained Kenyan @entity1 (14.2 +/- 0.2 years) and Scandinavian runners were included for comparison. The studies were performed at altitude (approximately 2.000 m.a.s.l.) and, for several Kenyan and Scandinavian runners, at sea level as well. At altitude sedentary adolescent Kenyan @entity1 had a mean maximal @entity26 uptake (VO2max) of 47 (44-51) ml.kg-1.min-1, whereas similarly aged @entity1 regularly walking or running but not training for competition reached above 62 (58-71) ml.kg-1.min-1 in VO2max. Kenyan runners in active training had 68 +/- 1.4 ml.kg-1.min-1 at altitude and 79.9 +/- 1.4 ml.kg-1.min-1 at sea level, with individuals reaching 85 ml.kg-1.min-1. The best Scandinavian runners were not significantly different from the Kenyan runners in VO2max both at altitude and at sea level, but none of the Scandinavians reached as high individual values as observed for some Kenyan runners. The running efficiency, determined as the @entity26 cost at a given running speed, was less in the Kenyan runners, and the difference became more pronounced when body weight was expressed in ml.kg-0.75 min-1. Blood @entity880 concentration was in general lower in the Kenyan than in the Scandinavian runners, and the Kenyans also had extremely low @entity3265 accumulation in the blood even at very high exercise intensities. It is concluded that it is the physical activity during childhood, combined with intense training as teenagers that brings about the high VO2max observed in some Kenyan runners. Their high aerobic capacity, as well as their good running economy, makes them such superior runners. In addition, their low blood lactate and @entity3265 accumulation in blood when running may also be contributing factors.

title: Aerobic exercise capacity at sea level and at altitude in Kenyan XXXX , junior and senior runners compared with Scandinavian runners.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boys']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hemispherotomy (H) is the gold standard treatment to cure @entity302 in @entity198 ( @entity198 ). Linguistic prognosis after surgery remains the main issue when the dominant hemisphere is involved. The topic of the present research is to specify the long-term linguistic profile of the right hemisphere after left dominant H for @entity198 . METHODS: We followed 6 @entity1 8.4 to 14.6years of age who underwent left H for @entity198 . Preoperatively, four @entity1 experienced @entity2026 , but for two, worsening occurred after surgery. Age at H ranged from 4.1 to 8.4years. The mean duration of @entity302 was 1.2years and 5.6years for follow-up. Neuropsychological evaluation included longitudinal follow-up of intellectual efficiency measurement and a long-term outcome of language using various components of receptive and expressive oral speech with computerized tasks. KEY FINDINGS: Preoperatively, verbal comprehension index (VCI) was dramatically decreased in 4/6 @entity1 , and performance reasoning index (PRI) was low in 5/6 @entity1 , demonstrating a global impact of @entity198 itself. Postoperatively, all @entity1 recovered sufficiently to attend a regular VCI (above 70) in a mean of 5years after @entity8108 , and 5/6 recovered normal or adapted school. There was a dissociation in favor of VCI, while PRI decreased in 5/6 @entity1 . We found a specific linguistic profile for these @entity1 recovering language in the right hemisphere: normal verbal comprehension, and weakness of grammatical judgment, word repetition, statement production, semantic verbal fluency and metaphonological abilities. Language recovery scores were statistically correlated with those of Working Memory Index. SIGNIFICANCE: This study emphasizes for the first time the ability of the right hemisphere to functionally reorganize language over a long period of time following left H for @entity198 . Syntactic abilities and phonology remain low and support the hypothesis of an early left hemispheric specialization. Nevertheless, lexico-semantic processes recover in the right hemisphere that could reflect a pre-existing potential of both hemispheres. Our results support a decision to proceed to H in classical @entity198 until the late childhood even if there is no complete @entity2026 before surgery. These data should be taken in account in the overall postoperative follow-up and rehabilitation strategy.

title: Language recovery after left hemispherotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['left RE disease', 'RE', 'Rasmussen encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['Rasmussen encephalitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Attempts aimed at inducing food tolerance through oral food desensitization (OFD) for the treatment of IgE-mediated @entity5419 are increasing. In Italy, a number of @entity566 centres offer this procedure. OBJECTIVE: To collect information on how these centres are organized, how @entity1 are selected, the methods used to administer OFD and how adverse reactions are managed. METHODS: A questionnaire was e-mailed to all the Italian @entity566 centres offering OFD. RESULTS: The survey shows a high degree of variability between centres. A correct diagnosis of @entity5419 is crucial for selecting @entity1 for OFD. In the Italian @entity566 centres, oral food challenges are mostly open label (84%), but in 16% of cases they are single-blind (8%) or double-blind (8%). A high proportion of @entity566 centres (83%) offer OFD to @entity1 presenting forms of anaphylaxis triggered by traces - or very low doses - of food allergen. The majority of @entity566 centres (76%) enroll @entity1 over 3 years of age, with 44% enrolling @entity1 above the age of 5. Not-controlled @entity565 , unreliability of parents in the management of OFD and/or risk of adverse events, are the main reasons for exclusion from the procedure. CONCLUSION: Although OFD may sometimes be successful and may be considered a valid alternative to an elimination diet, further randomized controlled trials are needed, in order to clarify some controversial points, such as the characteristics of the @entity1 undergoing OFD, and the methods of food preparation and administration. Moreover, further studies should further investigate OFD safety, efficacy and costs.

title: The oral food desensitization in the Italian XXXX centres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'food allergies']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: @entity18962 has properties of a @entity3 suppressor gene. Although its mechanism of action is unknown, nm23 has been implicated in @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) signal transduction. In an earlier study we decreased nm23 mRNA levels 2- to 8-fold by antisense phosphorothiolated oligonucleotides in two HT29 @entity694 sublines at different stages in @entity5 progression with different responses to @entity2533 : the HD3 subline, which shows @entity2533 -induced @entity851 and differentiation; and the more tumorigenic U9 subline, whose growth and invasion are stimulated by @entity2533 . Only @entity2533 -mediated responses in HD3 cells were inhibited by nm23 antisense oligos, suggesting that nm23 functions in only one @entity2533 signaling pathway. In the current report we have extended this study to cell motility. HD3 motility was increased by nm23 phosphorothiolated antisense oligos which decrease nm23 mRNA levels, while HD3 cell motility was conversely decreased by @entity2533 which increases nm23 mRNA levels. HD3 motility was not increased by basic FGF, @entity2533 or @entity7790 , while the 13-fold higher basal motility of U9 cells was stimulated 3-fold by basic FGF, 4-fold by @entity2533 and 5-fold by @entity7790 , but not by scatter factor. Differences in motility and response to motility factors could not be ascribed to differences in either basal levels of proteases or modulation of their levels by @entity2533 . Both HD3 and U9 cells displayed equal levels of urokinase activity and mRNA, equal expression of the metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP-1, and no detectable collagenases by zymography. No differential response to @entity2533 was seen in any of these assays. Thus limited cell motility and lack of response to motility factors in HD3 @entity694 cells could be correlated with expression of nm23 active in signal transduction.

title: XXXX cells with inactive nm23 show increased motility and response to motility factors.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF beta 1', 'transforming growth factor beta 1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO) attenuates the contractile response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in cultured cardiac myocytes in vitro and in myocardium in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that NO synthesized in the heart inhibits the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in @entity1 with @entity1002 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with various degrees of @entity1002 and free from @entity453 were instrumented with an infusion catheter in the left main coronary artery and a high-fidelity micromanometer-tipped catheter in the LV. Measurements included LV pressure, aortic pressure, heart rate, and LV peak +dP/dt. In eight subjects, @entity452 was infused via the left main coronary artery (25 or 50 micrograms/min) before and concurrent with intracoronary infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity7293 ( @entity7293 , 20 mumol/min for 10 minutes). In six other subjects, @entity452 was infused (6, 10, or 15 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) via a peripheral vein. Intracoronary (n = 8) @entity452 infusions increased LV peak +dP/dt by an average of 33 +/- 3%. The intracoronary infusion of @entity7293 had no effect on baseline LV peak +dP/dt, LV systolic or end-diastolic pressures, aortic pressure, or heart rate. The intracoronary infusion of @entity7293 , concurrent with a second infusion of @entity452 , potentiated the +dP/dt response to @entity452 by 30 +/- 10% (P < .04 versus @entity452 alone). The intracoronary infusion of @entity7293 likewise potentiated the +dP/dt response to the peripheral infusion of @entity452 by 37 +/- 18%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity842 produced in the heart attenuates the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in @entity1 with @entity1002 . NO may contribute to beta-adrenergic @entity6306 in @entity1 with @entity1002 .

title: XXXX inhibits the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in @entity1 with @entity1002 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO) attenuates the contractile response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in cultured cardiac myocytes in vitro and in myocardium in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that NO synthesized in the heart inhibits the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in @entity1 with @entity1002 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with various degrees of @entity1002 and free from @entity453 were instrumented with an infusion catheter in the left main coronary artery and a high-fidelity micromanometer-tipped catheter in the LV. Measurements included LV pressure, aortic pressure, heart rate, and LV peak +dP/dt. In eight subjects, @entity452 was infused via the left main coronary artery (25 or 50 micrograms/min) before and concurrent with intracoronary infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity7293 ( @entity7293 , 20 mumol/min for 10 minutes). In six other subjects, @entity452 was infused (6, 10, or 15 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) via a peripheral vein. Intracoronary (n = 8) @entity452 infusions increased LV peak +dP/dt by an average of 33 +/- 3%. The intracoronary infusion of @entity7293 had no effect on baseline LV peak +dP/dt, LV systolic or end-diastolic pressures, aortic pressure, or heart rate. The intracoronary infusion of @entity7293 , concurrent with a second infusion of @entity452 , potentiated the +dP/dt response to @entity452 by 30 +/- 10% (P < .04 versus @entity452 alone). The intracoronary infusion of @entity7293 likewise potentiated the +dP/dt response to the peripheral infusion of @entity452 by 37 +/- 18%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity842 produced in the heart attenuates the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in @entity1 with @entity1002 . NO may contribute to beta-adrenergic @entity6306 in @entity1 with @entity1002 .

title: @entity842 inhibits the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO) attenuates the contractile response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in cultured cardiac myocytes in vitro and in myocardium in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that NO synthesized in the heart inhibits the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in @entity1 with @entity1002 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with various degrees of @entity1002 and free from @entity453 were instrumented with an infusion catheter in the left main coronary artery and a high-fidelity micromanometer-tipped catheter in the LV. Measurements included LV pressure, aortic pressure, heart rate, and LV peak +dP/dt. In eight subjects, @entity452 was infused via the left main coronary artery (25 or 50 micrograms/min) before and concurrent with intracoronary infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity7293 ( @entity7293 , 20 mumol/min for 10 minutes). In six other subjects, @entity452 was infused (6, 10, or 15 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) via a peripheral vein. Intracoronary (n = 8) @entity452 infusions increased LV peak +dP/dt by an average of 33 +/- 3%. The intracoronary infusion of @entity7293 had no effect on baseline LV peak +dP/dt, LV systolic or end-diastolic pressures, aortic pressure, or heart rate. The intracoronary infusion of @entity7293 , concurrent with a second infusion of @entity452 , potentiated the +dP/dt response to @entity452 by 30 +/- 10% (P < .04 versus @entity452 alone). The intracoronary infusion of @entity7293 likewise potentiated the +dP/dt response to the peripheral infusion of @entity452 by 37 +/- 18%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity842 produced in the heart attenuates the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in @entity1 with @entity1002 . NO may contribute to beta-adrenergic @entity6306 in @entity1 with @entity1002 .

title: @entity842 inhibits the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in XXXX with @entity1002 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the existing data on the use of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) in kidney transplantation, particularly with respect to therapeutic drug monitoring. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted of applicable articles related to therapeutic drug monitoring of @entity205 in renal transplantation. Previous consensus guidelines were examined. Discussions on issues related to this topic convened in Toronto, ON, on June 15-16, 1994. DATA SYNTHESIS: The literature was analyzed to examine @entity1 factors and drug interactions affecting @entity870 concentrations, the effect of @entity870 concentrations on @entity1 outcome, current methods of analysis, pharmacodynamic monitoring, and new immunosuppressants. CONCLUSIONS: @entity870 has improved the success of kidney transplantation, reducing the incidence and severity of acute rejection and improving short-term @entity1 and graft survival. The rate of graft loss after the first year (primarily due to chronic rejection) has remained largely unchanged. Sandimmune Neoral offers promise due to its better bioavailability and limited dependence on bile flow for absorption. Long-term studies are underway to determine its effectiveness and safety. Indications for therapeutic drug monitoring for @entity870 are provided.

title: Optimizing the use of XXXX in renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were, first, to explore differences in brain activity between normal @entity1 and idiopathic @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) @entity1 during asymptomatic periods; and, second, to determine whether administering repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to specific cortical regions would reverse any observed differences in brain activity and alleviate @entity1 symptoms. METHODS: Fifteen idiopathic @entity4531 @entity1 (nine drug-naive @entity1 ) and 14 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the @entity4365 ( @entity4365 ) in spontaneous brain activity during asymptomatic periods. Seven @entity1 received high-frequency (5 Hz) rTMS directed toward the leg area of the primary motor cortex. Scores on the International @entity4531 Study Group (IRLSSG) Rating Scale and @entity4365 values were measured before and after treatment. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, @entity4531 @entity1 showed lower @entity4365 in the sensorimotor and visual processing regions, and higher @entity4365 , parahippocampal and hippocampal gyri, left posterior parietal areas, and brainstem. These results were largely conserved when only drug-naive @entity1 were considered. After rTMS treatment, @entity4365 in several sensorimotor and visual regions were significantly elevated and IRLSSG Rating Scale scores decreased, indicating improved @entity4531 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: High-frequency rTMS delivered to the leg area of the primary motor cortex may raise functional activity in the sensorimotor and occipital regions, leading to improve symptoms in @entity4531 @entity1 . These results provide novel insight into @entity4531 pathophysiology and suggest a potential mechanism for rTMS therapy in idiopathic @entity4531 @entity1 .

title: Mapping intrinsic functional brain changes and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation neuromodulation in idiopathic XXXX : a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations', 'ALFF in the insula', 'ALFF']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs syndrome', 'RLS', 'Restless Legs Syndrome']

answer: @entity4531 :: (MESH:D012148,Disease) :: ['restless legs syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the treatment of @entity937 ( @entity937 ) with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) and medium-term postoperative @entity40292 (MT-PFO). METHODS: The study was a retrospective interventional case series of consecutive @entity1 with @entity937 treated with 25-gauge @entity2286 and postoperative MT- @entity22105 for a period of 2-3  weeks. A second, staged procedure was performed in all @entity1 for PFO removal. RESULTS: Twenty-three eyes of 22 @entity1 were studied, with a mean follow-up of 33.04        19.74  months. Successful reattachment was achieved in 91.3  % of eyes (21/23) after MT-PFO. @entity1713 occurred in five eyes, which was caused by proliferative @entity1715 . Additional complications included @entity231 progression (n   =   10), foreign body response (30.4  %, 7/23), and transient intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation (8/23, 34.8  %). Transient IOP elevation was associated with worse visual outcome (p   =   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: MT-PFO was found to be an effective and safe technique for operative management of @entity937 . In the majority of @entity1 , retinas remained attached without further surgical intervention. @entity231 progression, @entity32 , and associated increased intraocular pressure are potential complications of MT-PFO.

title: 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with medium-term postoperative XXXX for the repair of @entity937 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['giant retinal tears', 'GRTs']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal re-detachment']

entities_list: @entity40292 :: ('MESH:C073608', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluoro-n-octane']

answer: @entity40292 :: (MESH:C073608,Chemical) :: ['perfluoro-n-octane']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the treatment of @entity937 ( @entity937 ) with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) and medium-term postoperative @entity40292 (MT-PFO). METHODS: The study was a retrospective interventional case series of consecutive @entity1 with @entity937 treated with 25-gauge @entity2286 and postoperative MT- @entity22105 for a period of 2-3  weeks. A second, staged procedure was performed in all @entity1 for PFO removal. RESULTS: Twenty-three eyes of 22 @entity1 were studied, with a mean follow-up of 33.04        19.74  months. Successful reattachment was achieved in 91.3  % of eyes (21/23) after MT-PFO. @entity1713 occurred in five eyes, which was caused by proliferative @entity1715 . Additional complications included @entity231 progression (n   =   10), foreign body response (30.4  %, 7/23), and transient intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation (8/23, 34.8  %). Transient IOP elevation was associated with worse visual outcome (p   =   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: MT-PFO was found to be an effective and safe technique for operative management of @entity937 . In the majority of @entity1 , retinas remained attached without further surgical intervention. @entity231 progression, @entity32 , and associated increased intraocular pressure are potential complications of MT-PFO.

title: 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with medium-term postoperative @entity40292 for the repair of XXXX .

answer: @entity937 :: (MESH:D012167,Disease) :: ['giant retinal tears']


abstract: @entity750 - @entity935 antagonists (SDAs) offer the possibility of improved treatment of @entity161 compared with conventional neuroleptics and have superior safety profiles. Clinical trial data have so far been published for only three SDAs to date, namely, @entity1090 , @entity22521 , and @entity1037 . Of these, extensive data are available only for @entity1090 , showing that at doses of 4 to 16 mg/day, it is superior to @entity1767 at 10 to 20 mg/day. Furthermore, @entity1090 , 6 and 16 mg/day, significantly improved negative/symptoms, whereas 20 mg/day of @entity1767 was ineffective. @entity1090 also appears to cause fewer @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) than @entity1767 , 10 or 20 mg/day. Similar advantages of @entity1090 over @entity21886 have also been found. A clinical trial of @entity22521 showed that, at 20 mg/day, it was equivalent to @entity1767 , 16 mg/day, and caused fewer @entity1109 . @entity1037 , a chemical derivative of @entity1088 , has also been shown to be superior to @entity1767 (10 to 20 mg/day) at doses of 7.5 to 17.5 mg/day. In addition, at doses of 12.5 to 17.5 mg/day, @entity1037 was found to have a significantly superior effect on negative symptoms over @entity1767 , 10 to 20 mg/day. Doses of up to 17.5 mg/day of @entity1037 also caused fewer @entity1109 than @entity1767 , 10 to 20 mg/day. There was no evidence of any @entity1431 in @entity1 treated with @entity1037 in this small study (N = 335). The low @entity1109 liability of these SDAs, combined with their efficacy, suggests that SDAs should become the mainstay of treatment for @entity161 .

title: Clinical efficacy of @entity750 - XXXX antagonists relative to classic neuroleptics.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity21886 :: ('MESH:D010546', 'Chemical') :: ['perphenazine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity22521 :: ('MESH:C066304', 'Chemical') :: ['sertindole']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['EPS', 'extrapyrimidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: @entity750 - @entity935 antagonists (SDAs) offer the possibility of improved treatment of @entity161 compared with conventional neuroleptics and have superior safety profiles. Clinical trial data have so far been published for only three SDAs to date, namely, @entity1090 , @entity22521 , and @entity1037 . Of these, extensive data are available only for @entity1090 , showing that at doses of 4 to 16 mg/day, it is superior to @entity1767 at 10 to 20 mg/day. Furthermore, @entity1090 , 6 and 16 mg/day, significantly improved negative/symptoms, whereas 20 mg/day of @entity1767 was ineffective. @entity1090 also appears to cause fewer @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) than @entity1767 , 10 or 20 mg/day. Similar advantages of @entity1090 over @entity21886 have also been found. A clinical trial of @entity22521 showed that, at 20 mg/day, it was equivalent to @entity1767 , 16 mg/day, and caused fewer @entity1109 . @entity1037 , a chemical derivative of @entity1088 , has also been shown to be superior to @entity1767 (10 to 20 mg/day) at doses of 7.5 to 17.5 mg/day. In addition, at doses of 12.5 to 17.5 mg/day, @entity1037 was found to have a significantly superior effect on negative symptoms over @entity1767 , 10 to 20 mg/day. Doses of up to 17.5 mg/day of @entity1037 also caused fewer @entity1109 than @entity1767 , 10 to 20 mg/day. There was no evidence of any @entity1431 in @entity1 treated with @entity1037 in this small study (N = 335). The low @entity1109 liability of these SDAs, combined with their efficacy, suggests that SDAs should become the mainstay of treatment for @entity161 .

title: Clinical efficacy of XXXX - @entity935 antagonists relative to classic neuroleptics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) develops along a multistep genetic pathway including loss of @entity5 suppressor genes and alteration of oncogenes. We characterized seven @entity957 cell lines by classical and molecular cytogenetic analysis and fresh @entity5 and adjacent oral mucosa corresponding to three of the cell lines by molecular cytogenetics. We observed homogeneously staining regions (hsrs) in four of the seven cell lines, at 11q13 in three and at 11q23 and in an unidentified marker chromosome in the fourth. Amplification of band 11q13 occurs in 30-60% of head and neck @entity957 . To determine whether @entity10006 and @entity10008 , both located in band 11q13, are amplified in the tissues and cell lines and to confirm the chromosomal location(s) of the amplification, we used dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes for these genes and the chromosome 11 centromere. We report chromosomal localization of @entity10006 / @entity10008 amplification in @entity957 . Coamplification of @entity10006 and @entity10008 was detected in the hsrs in cultured @entity5 cells from the four hsr-containing @entity5 and in directly harvested @entity5 cells, which were available from only two of these @entity5 . Amplification was not present in @entity5 lacking hsrs or adjacent oral mucosa corresponding to any of the seven @entity5 . The observation of amplification in fresh @entity5 cells suggests that the amplification was present in the @entity1 , may play a key role in the development and/or progression of @entity957 , and is not due to karyotypic evolution in vitro. The absence of amplification in the adjacent mucosa suggests that 11q13 amplification is a relatively late event in @entity957 tumorigenesis.

title: Visualization of @entity10006 and @entity10008 amplification in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'Oral squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) develops along a multistep genetic pathway including loss of @entity5 suppressor genes and alteration of oncogenes. We characterized seven @entity957 cell lines by classical and molecular cytogenetic analysis and fresh @entity5 and adjacent oral mucosa corresponding to three of the cell lines by molecular cytogenetics. We observed homogeneously staining regions (hsrs) in four of the seven cell lines, at 11q13 in three and at 11q23 and in an unidentified marker chromosome in the fourth. Amplification of band 11q13 occurs in 30-60% of head and neck @entity957 . To determine whether @entity10006 and @entity10008 , both located in band 11q13, are amplified in the tissues and cell lines and to confirm the chromosomal location(s) of the amplification, we used dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes for these genes and the chromosome 11 centromere. We report chromosomal localization of @entity10006 / @entity10008 amplification in @entity957 . Coamplification of @entity10006 and @entity10008 was detected in the hsrs in cultured @entity5 cells from the four hsr-containing @entity5 and in directly harvested @entity5 cells, which were available from only two of these @entity5 . Amplification was not present in @entity5 lacking hsrs or adjacent oral mucosa corresponding to any of the seven @entity5 . The observation of amplification in fresh @entity5 cells suggests that the amplification was present in the @entity1 , may play a key role in the development and/or progression of @entity957 , and is not due to karyotypic evolution in vitro. The absence of amplification in the adjacent mucosa suggests that 11q13 amplification is a relatively late event in @entity957 tumorigenesis.

title: Visualization of XXXX and @entity10008 amplification in @entity957 .

answer: @entity10006 :: (2248,Gene) :: ['INT2']


abstract: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) develops along a multistep genetic pathway including loss of @entity5 suppressor genes and alteration of oncogenes. We characterized seven @entity957 cell lines by classical and molecular cytogenetic analysis and fresh @entity5 and adjacent oral mucosa corresponding to three of the cell lines by molecular cytogenetics. We observed homogeneously staining regions (hsrs) in four of the seven cell lines, at 11q13 in three and at 11q23 and in an unidentified marker chromosome in the fourth. Amplification of band 11q13 occurs in 30-60% of head and neck @entity957 . To determine whether @entity10006 and @entity10008 , both located in band 11q13, are amplified in the tissues and cell lines and to confirm the chromosomal location(s) of the amplification, we used dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes for these genes and the chromosome 11 centromere. We report chromosomal localization of @entity10006 / @entity10008 amplification in @entity957 . Coamplification of @entity10006 and @entity10008 was detected in the hsrs in cultured @entity5 cells from the four hsr-containing @entity5 and in directly harvested @entity5 cells, which were available from only two of these @entity5 . Amplification was not present in @entity5 lacking hsrs or adjacent oral mucosa corresponding to any of the seven @entity5 . The observation of amplification in fresh @entity5 cells suggests that the amplification was present in the @entity1 , may play a key role in the development and/or progression of @entity957 , and is not due to karyotypic evolution in vitro. The absence of amplification in the adjacent mucosa suggests that 11q13 amplification is a relatively late event in @entity957 tumorigenesis.

title: Visualization of @entity10006 and XXXX amplification in @entity957 .

answer: @entity10008 :: (2249,Gene) :: ['HST1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The yield of early repeat endoscopy in @entity1 with @entity355 ( @entity355 ) is not well established. AIMS: To determine how often early repeat endoscopy detected missed @entity1141 or @entity420 ( @entity420 ) in a population-based cohort of @entity1 with @entity355 . Secondary aims were to identify risk factors for missed @entity1141 / @entity420 and compare detection of prevalent versus incident HGD/ @entity420 . METHODS: A population-based cohort of @entity355 subjects in Olmsted County, MN, was studied. @entity1 with @entity355 or @entity258 ( @entity258 ) who underwent repeat endoscopy within 24  months were included. Those with a worse histologic diagnosis on repeat endoscopy were considered to have missed @entity1141 / @entity420 . Baseline characteristics among @entity1 with and without missed @entity1141 / @entity420 were compared. The absolute numbers of asymptomatic prevalent or missed, and incident HGD/ @entity420 in the entire cohort were ascertained. RESULTS: Of 488 @entity355 cases, 210 were included for the primary aim of this study. Repeat endoscopy revealed four HGD/ @entity420 (1.9  %) and 16 @entity258 (8.8  %) for a combined miss rate of 9.5  %. Long-segment @entity355 (LSBE) and lack of PPI use were predictors of missed @entity1141 / @entity420 (P  =  0.008), but adherence to biopsy protocol was not. Increased prevalent HGD/ @entity420 (n  =  30) rather than incident HGD/ @entity420 (n  =  22) was identified during a median 4.8  years of follow-up in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1141 / @entity420 is commonly missed at initial @entity355 diagnosis, particularly in @entity1 with LSBE and no PPI use. Efforts should be made to enhance the sensitivity of detecting @entity1141 / @entity5 around the time of initial @entity355 diagnosis.

title: Yield of Repeat Endoscopy in @entity355 with No @entity1141 and XXXX : A Population-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['initial non-dysplastic BE', 'BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LGD', 'low-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['Low-Grade Dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The yield of early repeat endoscopy in @entity1 with @entity355 ( @entity355 ) is not well established. AIMS: To determine how often early repeat endoscopy detected missed @entity1141 or @entity420 ( @entity420 ) in a population-based cohort of @entity1 with @entity355 . Secondary aims were to identify risk factors for missed @entity1141 / @entity420 and compare detection of prevalent versus incident HGD/ @entity420 . METHODS: A population-based cohort of @entity355 subjects in Olmsted County, MN, was studied. @entity1 with @entity355 or @entity258 ( @entity258 ) who underwent repeat endoscopy within 24  months were included. Those with a worse histologic diagnosis on repeat endoscopy were considered to have missed @entity1141 / @entity420 . Baseline characteristics among @entity1 with and without missed @entity1141 / @entity420 were compared. The absolute numbers of asymptomatic prevalent or missed, and incident HGD/ @entity420 in the entire cohort were ascertained. RESULTS: Of 488 @entity355 cases, 210 were included for the primary aim of this study. Repeat endoscopy revealed four HGD/ @entity420 (1.9  %) and 16 @entity258 (8.8  %) for a combined miss rate of 9.5  %. Long-segment @entity355 (LSBE) and lack of PPI use were predictors of missed @entity1141 / @entity420 (P  =  0.008), but adherence to biopsy protocol was not. Increased prevalent HGD/ @entity420 (n  =  30) rather than incident HGD/ @entity420 (n  =  22) was identified during a median 4.8  years of follow-up in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1141 / @entity420 is commonly missed at initial @entity355 diagnosis, particularly in @entity1 with LSBE and no PPI use. Efforts should be made to enhance the sensitivity of detecting @entity1141 / @entity5 around the time of initial @entity355 diagnosis.

title: Yield of Repeat Endoscopy in XXXX with No @entity1141 and @entity258 : A Population-Based Study.

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's Esophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The yield of early repeat endoscopy in @entity1 with @entity355 ( @entity355 ) is not well established. AIMS: To determine how often early repeat endoscopy detected missed @entity1141 or @entity420 ( @entity420 ) in a population-based cohort of @entity1 with @entity355 . Secondary aims were to identify risk factors for missed @entity1141 / @entity420 and compare detection of prevalent versus incident HGD/ @entity420 . METHODS: A population-based cohort of @entity355 subjects in Olmsted County, MN, was studied. @entity1 with @entity355 or @entity258 ( @entity258 ) who underwent repeat endoscopy within 24  months were included. Those with a worse histologic diagnosis on repeat endoscopy were considered to have missed @entity1141 / @entity420 . Baseline characteristics among @entity1 with and without missed @entity1141 / @entity420 were compared. The absolute numbers of asymptomatic prevalent or missed, and incident HGD/ @entity420 in the entire cohort were ascertained. RESULTS: Of 488 @entity355 cases, 210 were included for the primary aim of this study. Repeat endoscopy revealed four HGD/ @entity420 (1.9  %) and 16 @entity258 (8.8  %) for a combined miss rate of 9.5  %. Long-segment @entity355 (LSBE) and lack of PPI use were predictors of missed @entity1141 / @entity420 (P  =  0.008), but adherence to biopsy protocol was not. Increased prevalent HGD/ @entity420 (n  =  30) rather than incident HGD/ @entity420 (n  =  22) was identified during a median 4.8  years of follow-up in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1141 / @entity420 is commonly missed at initial @entity355 diagnosis, particularly in @entity1 with LSBE and no PPI use. Efforts should be made to enhance the sensitivity of detecting @entity1141 / @entity5 around the time of initial @entity355 diagnosis.

title: Yield of Repeat Endoscopy in @entity355 with No XXXX and @entity258 : A Population-Based Study.

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['Dysplasia']


abstract: AIM: Intramyocellular @entity13286 have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. In the myocardium, excess lipid storage may also contribute to the appearance of @entity13088 , while @entity13286 may have certain cardio-protective functions. However, little is known on intracellular @entity11395 accumulation in the @entity1 heart. We aimed to determine @entity11395 accumulation in the @entity1 myocardium in relation to @entity6 status. METHODS: Six @entity6 and six non- @entity6 aged @entity1 subjects undergoing by-pass surgery participated in the study. Subjects were matched for age and body mass index. Intracellular @entity11395 levels were measured in heart biopsy samples. Additional samples were taken from pectoralis major muscle that served as control. Whole body glycaemic control was assessed as the percent glycated haemoglobin. RESULTS: Intracellular @entity13286 were significantly higher in the myocardium compared to pectoralis major (P<0.05). Although not statistically significant, @entity6 subjects tended to accumulate smaller amounts of @entity13286 compared to non- @entity6 subjects in the myocardium. A linear negative correlation was observed between myocardial @entity13286 and glycaemic control (r=0.632, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that poor glycaemic control and @entity6 may be associated with a defective accumulation of myocardial @entity13286 , possibly blunting intracellular processes and contributing to the development of @entity296 .

title: Intracellular XXXX in relation to glycaemic control in the myocardium: A pilot study in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity11395 :: ('CHEBI:18035', 'Chemical') :: ['diglyceride']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity13088 :: ('MESH:D058065', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity13286 :: ('MESH:D004075', 'Chemical') :: ['diglycerides']

answer: @entity13286 :: (MESH:D004075,Chemical) :: ['diglycerides']


abstract: AIM: Intramyocellular @entity13286 have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. In the myocardium, excess lipid storage may also contribute to the appearance of @entity13088 , while @entity13286 may have certain cardio-protective functions. However, little is known on intracellular @entity11395 accumulation in the @entity1 heart. We aimed to determine @entity11395 accumulation in the @entity1 myocardium in relation to @entity6 status. METHODS: Six @entity6 and six non- @entity6 aged @entity1 subjects undergoing by-pass surgery participated in the study. Subjects were matched for age and body mass index. Intracellular @entity11395 levels were measured in heart biopsy samples. Additional samples were taken from pectoralis major muscle that served as control. Whole body glycaemic control was assessed as the percent glycated haemoglobin. RESULTS: Intracellular @entity13286 were significantly higher in the myocardium compared to pectoralis major (P<0.05). Although not statistically significant, @entity6 subjects tended to accumulate smaller amounts of @entity13286 compared to non- @entity6 subjects in the myocardium. A linear negative correlation was observed between myocardial @entity13286 and glycaemic control (r=0.632, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that poor glycaemic control and @entity6 may be associated with a defective accumulation of myocardial @entity13286 , possibly blunting intracellular processes and contributing to the development of @entity296 .

title: Intracellular @entity13286 in relation to glycaemic control in the myocardium: A pilot study in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Phosphonates are a large class of @entity5139 compounds with a characteristic @entity505 - @entity3151 bond. The genes responsible for @entity14872 utilization in Gram-negative bacteria are arranged in an operon of 14 genes. The @entity505 - @entity3151 lyase complex, encoded by the genes phnGHIJKLM, catalyzes the cleavage of the stable @entity505 - @entity3151 bond of @entity60417 to the corresponding @entity7294 and inorganic @entity4613 . Recently, complexes of this enzyme containing five subunits (PhnG- @entity8108 -I-J-K), four subunits (PhnG- @entity8108 -I-J), and two subunits (PhnG-I) were purified after expression in @entity526 ( Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 2011 , 108 , 11393 ). Here we demonstrated using mass spectrometry, ultracentrifugation, and chemical cross-linking experiments that these complexes are formed from a PhnG2I2 core that is further elaborated by the addition of two copies each of PhnH and PhnJ to generate PhnG2H2I2J2. This complex adds an additional subunit of PhnK to form PhnG2H2I2J2K. Chemical cross-linking of the five-component complex demonstrated that PhnJ physically interacts with both PhnG and PhnI. We were unable to demonstrate the interaction of PhnH or PhnK with any other subunits by chemical cross-linking. @entity3884 - @entity6189 exchange was utilized to probe for alterations in the dynamic properties of individual subunits within the various complexes. Significant regions of PhnG become less accessible to @entity3884 / @entity6189 exchange from solvent within the PhnG2I2 complex compared with PhnG alone. Specific regions of PhnI exhibited significant differences in the @entity8108 /D exchange rates in PhnG2I2 and PhnG2H2I2J2K.

title: Subunit Interactions within the @entity505 - @entity3151 Lyase Complex from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14872 :: ('CHEBI:26066', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphonate']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen', 'Hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity5139 :: ('D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphorus']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity60417 :: ('MESH:D063065', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphonates']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Phosphonates are a large class of @entity5139 compounds with a characteristic @entity505 - @entity3151 bond. The genes responsible for @entity14872 utilization in Gram-negative bacteria are arranged in an operon of 14 genes. The @entity505 - @entity3151 lyase complex, encoded by the genes phnGHIJKLM, catalyzes the cleavage of the stable @entity505 - @entity3151 bond of @entity60417 to the corresponding @entity7294 and inorganic @entity4613 . Recently, complexes of this enzyme containing five subunits (PhnG- @entity8108 -I-J-K), four subunits (PhnG- @entity8108 -I-J), and two subunits (PhnG-I) were purified after expression in @entity526 ( Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 2011 , 108 , 11393 ). Here we demonstrated using mass spectrometry, ultracentrifugation, and chemical cross-linking experiments that these complexes are formed from a PhnG2I2 core that is further elaborated by the addition of two copies each of PhnH and PhnJ to generate PhnG2H2I2J2. This complex adds an additional subunit of PhnK to form PhnG2H2I2J2K. Chemical cross-linking of the five-component complex demonstrated that PhnJ physically interacts with both PhnG and PhnI. We were unable to demonstrate the interaction of PhnH or PhnK with any other subunits by chemical cross-linking. @entity3884 - @entity6189 exchange was utilized to probe for alterations in the dynamic properties of individual subunits within the various complexes. Significant regions of PhnG become less accessible to @entity3884 / @entity6189 exchange from solvent within the PhnG2I2 complex compared with PhnG alone. Specific regions of PhnI exhibited significant differences in the @entity8108 /D exchange rates in PhnG2I2 and PhnG2H2I2J2K.

title: Subunit Interactions within the @entity505 - XXXX Lyase Complex from @entity526 .

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['Phosphorus']


abstract: Phosphonates are a large class of @entity5139 compounds with a characteristic @entity505 - @entity3151 bond. The genes responsible for @entity14872 utilization in Gram-negative bacteria are arranged in an operon of 14 genes. The @entity505 - @entity3151 lyase complex, encoded by the genes phnGHIJKLM, catalyzes the cleavage of the stable @entity505 - @entity3151 bond of @entity60417 to the corresponding @entity7294 and inorganic @entity4613 . Recently, complexes of this enzyme containing five subunits (PhnG- @entity8108 -I-J-K), four subunits (PhnG- @entity8108 -I-J), and two subunits (PhnG-I) were purified after expression in @entity526 ( Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 2011 , 108 , 11393 ). Here we demonstrated using mass spectrometry, ultracentrifugation, and chemical cross-linking experiments that these complexes are formed from a PhnG2I2 core that is further elaborated by the addition of two copies each of PhnH and PhnJ to generate PhnG2H2I2J2. This complex adds an additional subunit of PhnK to form PhnG2H2I2J2K. Chemical cross-linking of the five-component complex demonstrated that PhnJ physically interacts with both PhnG and PhnI. We were unable to demonstrate the interaction of PhnH or PhnK with any other subunits by chemical cross-linking. @entity3884 - @entity6189 exchange was utilized to probe for alterations in the dynamic properties of individual subunits within the various complexes. Significant regions of PhnG become less accessible to @entity3884 / @entity6189 exchange from solvent within the PhnG2I2 complex compared with PhnG alone. Specific regions of PhnI exhibited significant differences in the @entity8108 /D exchange rates in PhnG2I2 and PhnG2H2I2J2K.

title: Subunit Interactions within the XXXX - @entity3151 Lyase Complex from @entity526 .

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE: To review and assess the current evidence from the literature on the potential association between @entity281 with the development of symptomatic @entity179 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The potential relationship between @entity281 - and @entity1797 remains controversial, with contradictory evidence available in the literature. Several studies have demonstrated the presence of infected extruded nucleus tissue from first-time disc herniations, implicating the role of disc microbial infection as a pathway for @entity1797 . In contrast, other studies reported very low prevalence of @entity2348 in samples from @entity1 with sciatica, quoting contamination as the predominant source. To summarize the available evidence to date, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. METHODS: A comprehensive search from 6 electronic databases was performed for studies investigating the potential relationship between @entity281 as a cause for @entity179 and @entity615 or @entity614 . Random-effects meta-analysis of proportions and odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was used to pool the available evidence. RESULTS: Nine relevant studies involving 602 @entity1 with @entity179 or @entity158 were identified. From 6 studies supporting the role of infection in the pathophysiology of @entity1797 , the pooled infection prevalence was 45.2% (34.5%-56.0%). Overall pooled prevalence in all studies was 36.2% (24.7%-47.7%). Proportion of disc @entity281 was higher in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity66 than in @entity1 without (37.4% vs. 5.9%; odds ratio, 6.1; 95% confidence intervals, 1.426-25.901). The majority of @entity281 were due to @entity5478 in 59.6% (43.2%-76.1%). CONCLUSION: From the limited evidence available, the possibility that @entity281 may be linked with @entity1797 should not be ruled out. There is a need to investigate this further through larger, adequately powered multi-institutional studies with contaminant arm to control for specimen contamination. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.

title: Can Bacterial Infection by Low Virulent Organisms Be a Plausible Cause for Symptomatic XXXX ? A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disc disease']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration', 'disc degeneration-related symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity5478 :: ('1747', 'Species') :: ['Propionibacterium acnes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'disc infection']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic neck/back pain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['Disc Degeneration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this report was to describe the successful recognition and management of @entity4094 secondary to severe, acute @entity5886 in an adult @entity235 with a 2 day history of @entity391 , @entity448 , and @entity490 . Radiographs were suggestive of a @entity5744 , and surgery was recommended. Resection and @entity254 of the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum was performed. The @entity235 recovered uneventfully, but approximately 36 hr postoperatively, he was found to have significant weakness and @entity400 that were accompanied by @entity221 . The only significant abnormality on a serum biochemical profile was a phosphorous level of 0.26mmol/L. Within 6 hr of initiating phosphorous supplementation, the @entity1 fully recovered and had no residual signs of @entity4094 . Signs of @entity51 secondary to @entity5886 are commonly recognized in @entity1 @entity1 . Reports of @entity1 with severe @entity425 , some of which necessitate ventilation due to weakening of muscles of respiration, are common throughout the literature. Less commonly, @entity400 are noted. This is the first known report of neuromuscular signs recognized and rapidly corrected in a @entity235 . Although it is likely to be uncommon, @entity5886 should be recognized as a differential diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity400 and/or @entity425 .

title: Neuromuscular Signs Associated with Acute XXXX in a @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity5744 :: ('MESH:D005547', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body obstruction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tremors', 'tremors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity5886 :: (MESH:D017674,Disease) :: ['Hypophosphatemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this report was to describe the successful recognition and management of @entity4094 secondary to severe, acute @entity5886 in an adult @entity235 with a 2 day history of @entity391 , @entity448 , and @entity490 . Radiographs were suggestive of a @entity5744 , and surgery was recommended. Resection and @entity254 of the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum was performed. The @entity235 recovered uneventfully, but approximately 36 hr postoperatively, he was found to have significant weakness and @entity400 that were accompanied by @entity221 . The only significant abnormality on a serum biochemical profile was a phosphorous level of 0.26mmol/L. Within 6 hr of initiating phosphorous supplementation, the @entity1 fully recovered and had no residual signs of @entity4094 . Signs of @entity51 secondary to @entity5886 are commonly recognized in @entity1 @entity1 . Reports of @entity1 with severe @entity425 , some of which necessitate ventilation due to weakening of muscles of respiration, are common throughout the literature. Less commonly, @entity400 are noted. This is the first known report of neuromuscular signs recognized and rapidly corrected in a @entity235 . Although it is likely to be uncommon, @entity5886 should be recognized as a differential diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity400 and/or @entity425 .

title: Neuromuscular Signs Associated with Acute @entity5886 in a XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Dog']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 y   T cells are potent effectors against @entity11 cell lines in vitro and in @entity1 / @entity19 xenograft models of @entity463 , however, this effect has not been investigated in an immunocompetent @entity19 model. In this report, we established GL261 @entity11 in @entity7097 /6 @entity19 and measured circulating y   T cell count, phenotype, Vy/V   repertoire, @entity5 histopathology, @entity3132 ligands expression, and T cell invasion at day 10-12 post-injection and at end stage. Circulating y   T cells transiently increased and upregulated @entity10440 expression at post- @entity5 day 10-12 followed by a dramatic decline in y   T cell count at end stage. T cell receptor repertoire showed no changes in Vy1, Vy4, Vy7 or V  1 subsets from controls at post- @entity5 day 10-12 or at end stage except for an end-stage increase in the V  4 population. Approximately 12% of y   T cells produced IFN-y. @entity636 and @entity58 producing y   T cells were not detected. @entity5 progression was the same in @entity12810  -/- C57BL/6 @entity19 as that observed in WT @entity19 , suggesting that y   T cells exerted neither a regulatory nor a sustainable cytotoxic effect on the @entity5 . WT @entity19 that received an intracranial injection of y   T cells 15m following @entity5 placement showed evidence of @entity5 growth inhibition but this was insufficient to confer a survival advantage over untreated controls. Taken together, our findings suggest that an early nonspecific proliferation of y   T cells followed by their depletion occurs in @entity19 implanted with @entity11 . The mechanism by which y   T cell expansion occurs remains a subject for further investigation of the mechanisms responsible for this immune response in the setting of high-grade @entity11 .

title: Dynamics of Circulating y   T Cell Activity in an Immunocompetent @entity19 Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7097 :: ('MESH:C536751', 'Disease') :: ['syngeneic WT C57BL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial gliomas', 'syngeneic GL261 gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['High-Grade Glioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 y   T cells are potent effectors against @entity11 cell lines in vitro and in @entity1 / @entity19 xenograft models of @entity463 , however, this effect has not been investigated in an immunocompetent @entity19 model. In this report, we established GL261 @entity11 in @entity7097 /6 @entity19 and measured circulating y   T cell count, phenotype, Vy/V   repertoire, @entity5 histopathology, @entity3132 ligands expression, and T cell invasion at day 10-12 post-injection and at end stage. Circulating y   T cells transiently increased and upregulated @entity10440 expression at post- @entity5 day 10-12 followed by a dramatic decline in y   T cell count at end stage. T cell receptor repertoire showed no changes in Vy1, Vy4, Vy7 or V  1 subsets from controls at post- @entity5 day 10-12 or at end stage except for an end-stage increase in the V  4 population. Approximately 12% of y   T cells produced IFN-y. @entity636 and @entity58 producing y   T cells were not detected. @entity5 progression was the same in @entity12810  -/- C57BL/6 @entity19 as that observed in WT @entity19 , suggesting that y   T cells exerted neither a regulatory nor a sustainable cytotoxic effect on the @entity5 . WT @entity19 that received an intracranial injection of y   T cells 15m following @entity5 placement showed evidence of @entity5 growth inhibition but this was insufficient to confer a survival advantage over untreated controls. Taken together, our findings suggest that an early nonspecific proliferation of y   T cells followed by their depletion occurs in @entity19 implanted with @entity11 . The mechanism by which y   T cell expansion occurs remains a subject for further investigation of the mechanisms responsible for this immune response in the setting of high-grade @entity11 .

title: Dynamics of Circulating y   T Cell Activity in an Immunocompetent XXXX Model of @entity11 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several adult stem cell populations exhibit myogenic regenerative potential, thus representing attractive candidates for therapeutic approaches of @entity4094 such as @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ). We have recently shown that systemic delivery of MuStem cells, skeletal muscle-resident stem cells isolated in healthy @entity235 , generates the remodelling of muscle tissue and gives rise to striking clinical benefits in @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) @entity235 . This global effect, which is observed in the clinically relevant @entity1555 animal model, leads us to question here the molecular pathways that are impacted by MuStem cell transplantation. To address this issue, we compare the global gene expression profile between healthy, @entity3986 and MuStem cell treated @entity3986 @entity235 muscle, four months after allogenic MuStem cell transplantation. RESULTS: In the dystrophic context of the @entity3986 @entity235 , disease-related deregulation is observed in the case of 282 genes related to various processes such as inflammatory response, regeneration, @entity460 ion binding, extracellular matrix organization, metabolism and apoptosis regulation. Importantly, we reveal the impact of MuStem cell transplantation on several molecular and cellular pathways based on a selection of 31 genes displaying signals specifically modulated by the treatment. Concomitant with a diffuse @entity43573 expression, a histological remodelling and a stabilization of @entity3986 @entity235 clinical status, we show that cell delivery is associated with an up-regulation of genes reflecting a sustained enhancement of muscle regeneration. We also identify a decreased mRNA expression of a set of genes having metabolic functions associated with lipid homeostasis and energy. Interestingly, ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation is highly enhanced in @entity3986 @entity235 muscle after systemic delivery of MuStem cells. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our results provide the first high-throughput characterization of @entity3986 @entity235 muscle and throw new light on the complex molecular/cellular effects associated with muscle repair and the clinical efficacy of MuStem cell-based therapy.

title: Differential Gene Expression Profiling of Dystrophic XXXX Muscle after MuStem Cell Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['GRMD', 'Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Dog']


abstract: @entity5 -induced @entity158 is described as dull, aching ongoing @entity158 . Ongoing @entity3478 was characterized after intratibial injection of @entity0 cells in @entity35 . @entity5 produced time-dependent bone @entity56 but no spontaneous flinching. Conditioned place preference (CPP) and enhanced @entity935 (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell was observed after peripheral nerve block (PNB) selectively in @entity5 -bearing @entity35 revealing nociceptive-driven ongoing @entity158 . Oral @entity3522 reversed @entity5 -induced @entity56 but did not block PNB-induced CPP or NAc DA release. @entity5 -induced @entity56 , and PNB-induced CPP and NAc DA release, was blocked by prior subcutaneous implantation of a @entity1286 pellet. In sham @entity35 , @entity1286 produced a modest but sustained increase in NAc DA release. In contrast, @entity1286 produced a transient 5-fold higher NAc DA release in @entity5 bearing @entity35 compared with sham @entity1286 @entity35 . The possibility that this increased NAc DA release reflected the reward of @entity158 relief was tested by irreversible blockade of rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC)  -opioid receptors (MORs). The rACC MOR blockade prevented the @entity1286 -induced transient increased NAc DA release in @entity5 bearing @entity35 but did not affect @entity1286 -induced effects in sham-operated animals. Consistent with clinical experience, ongoing @entity5 was controlled by @entity1286 but not by a dose of @entity3522 that reversed evoked @entity56 . Additionally, the intrinsic reward of @entity1286 can be dissociated from the reward of relief of @entity5 by blockade of rACC MOR. This approach allows mechanistic and therapeutic assessment of ongoing @entity5 with likely translation relevance.

title: Behavioral and neurochemical analysis of ongoing XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer pain', 'Tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity', 'remodeling and tactile hypersensitivity', 'tactile hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['bone cancer pain']


abstract: @entity5 -induced @entity158 is described as dull, aching ongoing @entity158 . Ongoing @entity3478 was characterized after intratibial injection of @entity0 cells in @entity35 . @entity5 produced time-dependent bone @entity56 but no spontaneous flinching. Conditioned place preference (CPP) and enhanced @entity935 (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell was observed after peripheral nerve block (PNB) selectively in @entity5 -bearing @entity35 revealing nociceptive-driven ongoing @entity158 . Oral @entity3522 reversed @entity5 -induced @entity56 but did not block PNB-induced CPP or NAc DA release. @entity5 -induced @entity56 , and PNB-induced CPP and NAc DA release, was blocked by prior subcutaneous implantation of a @entity1286 pellet. In sham @entity35 , @entity1286 produced a modest but sustained increase in NAc DA release. In contrast, @entity1286 produced a transient 5-fold higher NAc DA release in @entity5 bearing @entity35 compared with sham @entity1286 @entity35 . The possibility that this increased NAc DA release reflected the reward of @entity158 relief was tested by irreversible blockade of rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC)  -opioid receptors (MORs). The rACC MOR blockade prevented the @entity1286 -induced transient increased NAc DA release in @entity5 bearing @entity35 but did not affect @entity1286 -induced effects in sham-operated animals. Consistent with clinical experience, ongoing @entity5 was controlled by @entity1286 but not by a dose of @entity3522 that reversed evoked @entity56 . Additionally, the intrinsic reward of @entity1286 can be dissociated from the reward of relief of @entity5 by blockade of rACC MOR. This approach allows mechanistic and therapeutic assessment of ongoing @entity5 with likely translation relevance.

title: Behavioral and neurochemical analysis of ongoing @entity3478 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Brain glycogen is depleted when used as an emergency energy substrate. In mammals, brain glycogen levels rebound to higher than normal levels after a hypoglycemic episode and a few hours after refeeding or administration of @entity413 . This phenomenon is called glycogen supercompensation. However, this mechanism has not been investigated in lower vertebrates. The aim of this study was therefore to determine whether brain glycogen supercompensation occurs in the @entity5660 brain. For this purpose, short-term brain @entity413 and glycogen contents were determined in @entity5660 after being subjected to the following experimental conditions: i) a 5-day or 10-day fasting period and refeeding; ii) a single injection of insulin (4mgkg(-1)) and refeeding; and iii) sustained swimming and injection of @entity413 (500mgkg(-1)). Food deprivation during the fasting periods and insulin administration both induced a decrease in @entity413 and glycogen levels in the brain. However, only refeeding after 10days of fasting significantly increased the brain glycogen content above control levels, in a clear short-term supercompensation response. Unlike in mammals, prolonged exercise did not alter brain @entity413 or glycogen levels. Furthermore, brain glycogen supercompensation was not observed after @entity413 administration in fish undergoing sustained swimming. To our knowledge, this is the first study providing direct experimental evidence for the existence of a short-term glycogen supercompensation response in a teleost brain, although the response was only detectable after prolonged fasting.

title: Brain glycogen supercompensation after different conditions of induced hypoglycemia and sustained swimming in XXXX ( @entity5660 ).

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Brain glycogen is depleted when used as an emergency energy substrate. In mammals, brain glycogen levels rebound to higher than normal levels after a hypoglycemic episode and a few hours after refeeding or administration of @entity413 . This phenomenon is called glycogen supercompensation. However, this mechanism has not been investigated in lower vertebrates. The aim of this study was therefore to determine whether brain glycogen supercompensation occurs in the @entity5660 brain. For this purpose, short-term brain @entity413 and glycogen contents were determined in @entity5660 after being subjected to the following experimental conditions: i) a 5-day or 10-day fasting period and refeeding; ii) a single injection of insulin (4mgkg(-1)) and refeeding; and iii) sustained swimming and injection of @entity413 (500mgkg(-1)). Food deprivation during the fasting periods and insulin administration both induced a decrease in @entity413 and glycogen levels in the brain. However, only refeeding after 10days of fasting significantly increased the brain glycogen content above control levels, in a clear short-term supercompensation response. Unlike in mammals, prolonged exercise did not alter brain @entity413 or glycogen levels. Furthermore, brain glycogen supercompensation was not observed after @entity413 administration in fish undergoing sustained swimming. To our knowledge, this is the first study providing direct experimental evidence for the existence of a short-term glycogen supercompensation response in a teleost brain, although the response was only detectable after prolonged fasting.

title: Brain glycogen supercompensation after different conditions of induced hypoglycemia and sustained swimming in @entity5660 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss']


abstract: Basal cell-specific anti-cytokeratin antibody (34 beta E12) decorates the basal cells of benign prostatic epithelium by standard immunohistochemical techniques, whereas @entity263 lacks immunoreactivity with this antibody. We reviewed our experience with this antibody to determine its utility in the diagnosis of @entity263 as well as its pattern of usage at a tertiary medical center. In all, 7,242 prostate specimens from 5,262 @entity1 were seen at Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1/89 and 4/93. Immunostaining for basal cell-specific cytokeratin (34 beta E12) was originally used for diagnostic purposes in 289 questionable area from 228 cases; 45% of these cases were seen in consultation. The distribution of cases using 34 beta E12 was 52% needle biopsies, 32% transurethral prostatic resections (TURPs). 13% radical prostatectomies, and 3% open enucleations. These procedures constituted 2.8% of all needle biopsies, 7.2% of all TURPs, 1.7% of all radical prostatectomies, and 3.5% of all enucleations seen during this time period. For this study the @entity1710 and @entity1711 stain was reviewed without knowledge of the original diagnosis, a diagnosis was favored, the 34 beta E12 stain was examined, and a final diagnosis was determined. The 34 beta E12 stain established (14%), confirmed (58%), or changed (2%) our favored diagnoses, while 18% remained or became equivocal. The 34 beta E12 stain was of no use in 8% of the cases, yet we felt we were still able to render a final diagnosis even without the help of the stain. The differential diagnoses in the questionable foci using 34 beta E12 were @entity5 versus focus of atypical glands (44%), @entity3923 (39%), @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) (8%), @entity1491 (5%), and @entity194 (4%). However, 34 beta E12 was used in only 15-20% of all cases of @entity3923 and @entity1491 and in < 2% of @entity5436 and @entity194 cases seen during this time. Reasons for equivocal results were loss of suspicious glands on cut downs used for staining (49%), too few glands to rely on negative staining (23%), technical problems (15%), limited number of positive staining glands in a small focus (7%), and cautery artifact (6%). Although equivocal cases tended to have fewer negative stained glands than cases diagnosed with @entity5 , there was no minimum number of negative stained glands required to establish a diagnosis of @entity5 . From these data we conclude that 34 beta E12 staining is a useful tool in confirming, establishing, or changing the diagnosis in questionable foci seen in the everyday practice of surgical pathology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The utility of basal cell-specific anti-cytokeratin antibody (34 beta E12) in the diagnosis of XXXX . A review of 228 cases.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'PIN']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the benefit of anti- @entity7 in the treatment of @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ), a severe complication of @entity2994 (CRVO). @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a retrospective case series of consecutive @entity1 with @entity1347 secondary to CRVO treated with anti- @entity7 . Ophthalmic parameters were recorded for each visit: measurement of best visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), iris examination, gonioscopy and fundus examination, and as necessary, @entity941 angiography and optical coherence tomography. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 (19 eyes) received intravitreal injections of anti- @entity7 in association with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). In @entity1 who had uncomplicated @entity2296 without elevated IOP (n=6), after a mean of 3 injections, VA was stable in 4 @entity1 and improved by two lines in 2 @entity1 . In @entity1 with early @entity2297 ( @entity2297 ) (n=13), IOP reduction was observed in all eyes within 1 week after injection but increased secondarily after an average of 45 days, although the rubeosis had @entity2402 , which suggested that the change in IOP was independent of @entity1347 . After a mean of 6 injections in combination with filtering or cyclodestructive surgery, IOP finally stabilized, but VA decreased in all @entity1 . Three @entity1 (50%) with stage III @entity1347 progressed to stage IV @entity1347 in spite of anti- @entity7 treatment. CONCLUSION: In all eyes, anti- @entity7 treatment stopped neovascularization and helped to control IOP. However, vision was preserved only in the eyes with uncomplicated rubeosis at the time of diagnosis. Since only 32% of eyes were diagnosed at this stage, the authors suggest the prevention of @entity1347 by careful screening and follow-up of @entity1 at risk, and the performance of PRP in CRVO with extensive retinal non-perfusion prior to the onset of rubeosis.

title: [Anti- XXXX therapy in the treatment of @entity1347 secondary to central @entity2994 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['definitively disappeared']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic central retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment neovascularization', 'ASNV']

entities_list: @entity2296 :: ('MESH:C538115', 'Disease') :: ['rubeosis iridis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['NVG', 'neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the benefit of anti- @entity7 in the treatment of @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ), a severe complication of @entity2994 (CRVO). @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a retrospective case series of consecutive @entity1 with @entity1347 secondary to CRVO treated with anti- @entity7 . Ophthalmic parameters were recorded for each visit: measurement of best visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), iris examination, gonioscopy and fundus examination, and as necessary, @entity941 angiography and optical coherence tomography. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 (19 eyes) received intravitreal injections of anti- @entity7 in association with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). In @entity1 who had uncomplicated @entity2296 without elevated IOP (n=6), after a mean of 3 injections, VA was stable in 4 @entity1 and improved by two lines in 2 @entity1 . In @entity1 with early @entity2297 ( @entity2297 ) (n=13), IOP reduction was observed in all eyes within 1 week after injection but increased secondarily after an average of 45 days, although the rubeosis had @entity2402 , which suggested that the change in IOP was independent of @entity1347 . After a mean of 6 injections in combination with filtering or cyclodestructive surgery, IOP finally stabilized, but VA decreased in all @entity1 . Three @entity1 (50%) with stage III @entity1347 progressed to stage IV @entity1347 in spite of anti- @entity7 treatment. CONCLUSION: In all eyes, anti- @entity7 treatment stopped neovascularization and helped to control IOP. However, vision was preserved only in the eyes with uncomplicated rubeosis at the time of diagnosis. Since only 32% of eyes were diagnosed at this stage, the authors suggest the prevention of @entity1347 by careful screening and follow-up of @entity1 at risk, and the performance of PRP in CRVO with extensive retinal non-perfusion prior to the onset of rubeosis.

title: [Anti- @entity7 therapy in the treatment of XXXX secondary to central @entity2994 ].

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['anterior segment neovascularization']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the benefit of anti- @entity7 in the treatment of @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ), a severe complication of @entity2994 (CRVO). @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a retrospective case series of consecutive @entity1 with @entity1347 secondary to CRVO treated with anti- @entity7 . Ophthalmic parameters were recorded for each visit: measurement of best visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), iris examination, gonioscopy and fundus examination, and as necessary, @entity941 angiography and optical coherence tomography. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 (19 eyes) received intravitreal injections of anti- @entity7 in association with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). In @entity1 who had uncomplicated @entity2296 without elevated IOP (n=6), after a mean of 3 injections, VA was stable in 4 @entity1 and improved by two lines in 2 @entity1 . In @entity1 with early @entity2297 ( @entity2297 ) (n=13), IOP reduction was observed in all eyes within 1 week after injection but increased secondarily after an average of 45 days, although the rubeosis had @entity2402 , which suggested that the change in IOP was independent of @entity1347 . After a mean of 6 injections in combination with filtering or cyclodestructive surgery, IOP finally stabilized, but VA decreased in all @entity1 . Three @entity1 (50%) with stage III @entity1347 progressed to stage IV @entity1347 in spite of anti- @entity7 treatment. CONCLUSION: In all eyes, anti- @entity7 treatment stopped neovascularization and helped to control IOP. However, vision was preserved only in the eyes with uncomplicated rubeosis at the time of diagnosis. Since only 32% of eyes were diagnosed at this stage, the authors suggest the prevention of @entity1347 by careful screening and follow-up of @entity1 at risk, and the performance of PRP in CRVO with extensive retinal non-perfusion prior to the onset of rubeosis.

title: [Anti- @entity7 therapy in the treatment of @entity1347 secondary to central XXXX ].

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: @entity263 is the most common @entity5 in the world, the most frequently diagnosed in the United States, and the second most lethal @entity5 in U.S. @entity1 . Earlier diagnosis implies better prognosis. However, prognosis may be dependent upon the stage of the @entity5 at the time of diagnosis and implementation of appropriate therapy. Clinical staging, even with the development of serum @entity1486 and other studies, has not proven to be highly accurate, particularly to identify and quantitate local disease and extension. Imaging has, in the past, also had limited success. With the development of computed tomography (CT), endorectal ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there was great expectations for improvement. However, CT and ultrasound have not been as accurate as hoped. MRI, because of its multiorientation and multiparameter abilities, has been the most definitive imaging tool for staging of local extension, yet still has limitations. The prostate capsule, the neurovascular bundles, the seminal vesicle, and other regions prone to initial attack by @entity5 extension can be seen exquisitely clearly by the newer approaches to MRI. @entity5 extension, however, cannot be consistently identified when it is microscopic. MRI is an accurate identifier of macroscopic, even subtle macroscopic disease, but there are still limitations in its ability to diagnose all pathology.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of XXXX : update.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The spatial and temporal control of stem cell differentiation into odontoblast-like cells remains one of the major challenges in regenerative endodontic procedures. The current study aims to synthesize and compare the effect of @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) release from 2 variants of @entity9170 -loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CSnp) on the odontogenic differentiation of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). METHODS: Two variants of @entity9170 -loaded CSnp were synthesized by encapsulation ( @entity9170 -CSnpI) and adsorption ( @entity9170 -CSnpII) methods. The physicochemical characterization of @entity9170 -CSnpI and @entity9170 -CSnpII was assessed by transmission electron microscopy, Zetasizer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, whereas the @entity9170 release kinetics was assessed by spectrophotometry. A previously characterized @entity1358 cell line was cultured onto CSnp, @entity9170 -CSnpI, or @entity9170 -CSnpII. The biomineralization potential was determined by @entity622 staining. Alkaline phosphatase, @entity63721 gene expressions were analyzed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity9170 -CSnpI resulted in slower release of @entity9170 compared with @entity9170 -CSnpII, but both demonstrated sustained release of @entity9170 for 4 weeks. Biomineralization of @entity1358 was significantly higher (P < .05) in presence of @entity9170 -CSnpII compared with that in @entity9170 -CSnpI at 3 weeks. Alkaline phosphatase gene expression was significantly higher in the presence of @entity9170 -CSnpII compared with @entity9170 -CSnpI, with peak expression seen at 2 weeks (P  < .05). The expression of odontogenic specific marker dentin matrix protein-1 was significantly higher in presence of @entity9170 -CSnpII compared with @entity9170 -CSnpI at 3 weeks (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these data suggest that sustained release of @entity9170 results in enhanced odontogenic differentiation of @entity1358 . These findings highlight the potential of temporal-controlled delivery of bioactive molecules to direct the spatial- and temporal-controlled odontogenic differentiation of dental stem cells.

title: Temporal-controlled XXXX Releasing Chitosan Nanoparticle System Enhances Odontogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells from Apical Papilla.

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin red']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['stem cells from apical papilla', 'SCAP']

entities_list: @entity63721 :: ('1834;1758', 'Gene') :: ['dentin sialophosphoprotein, and dentin matrix protein-1']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: We studied the cellular distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1811 ) in the heart related to the cell types involved in left ventricular repair and remodeling before and after @entity583 by immunohistochemical techniques using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. In noninfarcted myocardium of both @entity1 and @entity35 , @entity1811 expression was confined to endothelial cells and subendocardial cell layers of the aortic valve. @entity1811 was prominent in endothelia of small arteries and arterioles, whereas only half the coronary capillaries were immunoreactive and venous vessels were almost completely devoid of the enzyme. In a @entity35 model of @entity583 , @entity1811 distribution was determined 1, 3, and 7 days and 2, 3, and 6 weeks after @entity1563 . Three and 7 days after @entity1188 , endothelial cells of sprouting capillaries and macrophages in the marginal zone of necrosis revealed @entity1811 expression. In both @entity1 and @entity35 with the onset of @entity82 , intense staining of the enzyme was found in the marginal zone of the repair tissue. In situ hybridization for collagen type I in the @entity35 revealed that zones with high collagen content had almost no @entity1811 immunoreactivity. Vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes revealed no @entity1811 expression throughout the study. We conclude that endothelial cells are the principal source for the expression of @entity1811 after @entity583 . The observed induction of @entity1811 with the onset of @entity82 suggests a role of this enzyme that is related to tissue repair and remodeling.

title: Cellular distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: We investigated a T-cell activation deficiency in a 3-month-old @entity1 with @entity294 , serious @entity55 , and a family history (in a brother) of @entity2803 . In spite of detection of normal number of peripheral lymphocytes, T cells did not proliferate after activation by anti-CD3 and anti- @entity3138 antibodies, although proliferation induced by antigens was detectable. We sought to determine the origin of this defect as it potentially represented a valuable tool to analyze T-cell physiology. T-cell activation by anti-CD3 antibody or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) led to reduced @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) production and abnormal nuclear factor-activated T cell (NF-AT; a complex regulating the @entity1199 gene transcription) binding activity to a specific oligonucleotide. T-cell proliferation was restored by @entity1199 . Early events of T-cell activation, such as anti-CD3 antibody-induced cellular protein @entity669 phosphorylation, @entity7984 and @entity2952 kinase activities, and phosphoinositide turnover, were found to be normal. In contrast, anti-CD3 antibody-induced @entity141 flux was grossly abnormal. Release from endoplasmic reticulum stores was detectable as tested in the presence of anti-CD3 antibody or @entity2426 after cell membrane depolarization in a K+ rich medium, whereas extracellular entry of @entity141 was defective. The latter abnormality was not secondary to defective K+ channel function, which was found to be normal. A similar defect was found in other hematopoietic cell lineages and in fibroblasts as evaluated by both cytometry and digital video imaging experiments at a single-cell level. This primary @entity14634 appears, thus, to be due to defective @entity141 entry through the plasma membrane. The same abnormality did not alter B-cell proliferation, platelet function, and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) function. Elucidation of the mechanism underlying this defect would help to understand the physiology of @entity141 mobilization in T cells.

title: A primary XXXX associated with defective transmembrane calcium influx.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus infection and toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity14634 :: ('MESH:C536780', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['protracted diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity14634 :: (MESH:C536780,Disease) :: ['T-cell immunodeficiency']


abstract: In order to investigate the expression of endothelin-like immunoreactivity in astrocytes of viral infections of the @entity1 brain the avidin- @entity1885 peroxidase complex method and a polyclonal antiserum were used. Autopsy material was obtained from 5 cases of herpes simplex @entity198 , two of progressive multifocal @entity62 (PML) and two of subacute @entity8300 ( @entity8300 ). All the 5 herpes simplex @entity198 cases presented groups of immunoreactive astrocytes around @entity39 , inflammatory lesions. The PML cases exhibited a large number of immunoreactive astrocytes in and around lesions of the white matter. The cases of @entity8300 disclosed numerous, markedly stained fibrillary immunoreactive astrocytes; they were most abundant in degenerated regions of the white matter. The processes and peripheral cytoplasm of giant astrocytes in the PML cases contained immunoreactive material but the perinuclear region was devoid of such material. In the herpes simplex and the @entity8300 cases immunoreactivity was present throughout the cytoplasm and processes of reactive fibrillary astrocytes. Many nerve cells in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and pons of control cases exhibited endothelin-like immunoreactivity but this occurred in only exceptional astrocytes of control cases. Endothelin-like immunoreactivity was not present in the oligodendrocytes and vascular endothelial cells of controls and cases of @entity778 . The expression of endothelin-like immunoreactivity in astrocytes in @entity1 @entity1800 reflects probably an increased intracellular content of endothelin. If this peptide is released from such astrocytes, it may act as a mitogen and by inducing constriction of arterioles it may influence the microcirculation.

title: Reactive astrocytes in viral infections of the XXXX brain express endothelin-like immunoreactivity.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral diseases']

entities_list: @entity8300 :: ('MESH:D013344', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing panencephalitis', 'SSPE']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']