abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is increasing evidence that @entity2449 , a commonly used treatment for @entity6 , might have the potential to be repurposed as an economical and safe @entity5 therapeutic. The aim of this study was to determine whether stage III-IV or recurrent @entity1204 @entity1 who are using @entity2449 during treatment with chemotherapy have improved survival. To test this we analyzed a retrospective cohort of subjects at two independent institutions who received chemotherapy for stage III-IV or recurrent @entity1204 from 1992 to 2011. Diagnosis of @entity6 , @entity2449 use, demographics, @entity1204 clinico-pathologic parameters, and survival duration were abstracted. The primary outcome was overall survival. The final cohort included 349 @entity1 , 31 (8.9%) had @entity6 and used @entity2449 , 28 (8.0%) had @entity6 but did not use @entity2449 , and 291 (83.4%) did not have @entity6 . The results demonstrate that the median overall survival was 45.6 months for @entity1 with @entity6 who used @entity2449 compared to 12.5 months for @entity1 with @entity6 who did not use @entity2449 and 28.5 months for @entity1 without @entity6 (log-rank test comparing the three groups P = 0.006). In a model adjusted for confounders, the difference in survival between the three groups remained statistically significant (P = 0.023). The improvement in survival among @entity2449 users was not explained by better baseline health status or more aggressive use of chemotherapy. Overall, the findings in this retrospective cohort of @entity1204 @entity1 with stage III-IV or recurrent disease treated with chemotherapy indicate that @entity1 with @entity6 who were concurrently treated with @entity2449 survived longer than @entity1 with @entity6 who did not use @entity2449 .

title: Association of XXXX Use with Outcomes in Advanced @entity1204 Treated with Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['Metformin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is increasing evidence that @entity2449 , a commonly used treatment for @entity6 , might have the potential to be repurposed as an economical and safe @entity5 therapeutic. The aim of this study was to determine whether stage III-IV or recurrent @entity1204 @entity1 who are using @entity2449 during treatment with chemotherapy have improved survival. To test this we analyzed a retrospective cohort of subjects at two independent institutions who received chemotherapy for stage III-IV or recurrent @entity1204 from 1992 to 2011. Diagnosis of @entity6 , @entity2449 use, demographics, @entity1204 clinico-pathologic parameters, and survival duration were abstracted. The primary outcome was overall survival. The final cohort included 349 @entity1 , 31 (8.9%) had @entity6 and used @entity2449 , 28 (8.0%) had @entity6 but did not use @entity2449 , and 291 (83.4%) did not have @entity6 . The results demonstrate that the median overall survival was 45.6 months for @entity1 with @entity6 who used @entity2449 compared to 12.5 months for @entity1 with @entity6 who did not use @entity2449 and 28.5 months for @entity1 without @entity6 (log-rank test comparing the three groups P = 0.006). In a model adjusted for confounders, the difference in survival between the three groups remained statistically significant (P = 0.023). The improvement in survival among @entity2449 users was not explained by better baseline health status or more aggressive use of chemotherapy. Overall, the findings in this retrospective cohort of @entity1204 @entity1 with stage III-IV or recurrent disease treated with chemotherapy indicate that @entity1 with @entity6 who were concurrently treated with @entity2449 survived longer than @entity1 with @entity6 who did not use @entity2449 .

title: Association of @entity2449 Use with Outcomes in Advanced XXXX Treated with Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out the association of @entity286 as a contributory factor in @entity1 presenting with @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ). DESIGN: A descriptive case study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from May 2001 to April 2002. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total number of 100 consecutive @entity1 , 76 males and 24 females, with endoscopically proven peptic @entity1066 were enrolled in the study. The ages of the @entity1 ranged from 25 to 70 years; with mean age of 48 years + 12.26 standard deviations, (mean age of @entity1 49 years + 12.88 SD, and mean age of @entity1 45 years + 9.67 SD). All the @entity1 underwent endoscopy after an overnight fast, using @entity3303 (4% solution or jelly) as topical anaesthetic, with Pentax FG29 video-endoscope. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of all the @entity1 with @entity10189 used @entity286 , 33% as cigarette, 18% took it as naswar and 5% of @entity1 used it in both the forms. Of these, 85.7% (48/56) @entity1 had duodenal @entity1066 and 14.3% (8/56) @entity1 had @entity2275 . All these @entity1 were male, none of the female @entity1 used @entity286 in any form. Moreover, 40% of @entity10189 @entity1 reported long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). CONCLUSION: This study supports the view that use of @entity286 is associated with @entity10189 in @entity1 .

title: @entity286 use as contributory factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease', 'PUD']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['peptic ulcer disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out the association of @entity286 as a contributory factor in @entity1 presenting with @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ). DESIGN: A descriptive case study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from May 2001 to April 2002. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total number of 100 consecutive @entity1 , 76 males and 24 females, with endoscopically proven peptic @entity1066 were enrolled in the study. The ages of the @entity1 ranged from 25 to 70 years; with mean age of 48 years + 12.26 standard deviations, (mean age of @entity1 49 years + 12.88 SD, and mean age of @entity1 45 years + 9.67 SD). All the @entity1 underwent endoscopy after an overnight fast, using @entity3303 (4% solution or jelly) as topical anaesthetic, with Pentax FG29 video-endoscope. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of all the @entity1 with @entity10189 used @entity286 , 33% as cigarette, 18% took it as naswar and 5% of @entity1 used it in both the forms. Of these, 85.7% (48/56) @entity1 had duodenal @entity1066 and 14.3% (8/56) @entity1 had @entity2275 . All these @entity1 were male, none of the female @entity1 used @entity286 in any form. Moreover, 40% of @entity10189 @entity1 reported long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). CONCLUSION: This study supports the view that use of @entity286 is associated with @entity10189 in @entity1 .

title: XXXX use as contributory factor in @entity10189 .

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the causes, clinical presentation, complications and visual outcome of hyphaema following closed @entity130 . DESIGN: Prospective study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from May, 1996 to June 1997. @entity1 AND METHODS: All cases of hyphaema, due to closed @entity130 , were included and history of @entity1 was recorded on a comprehensive proforma designed for this purpose. All cases were admitted for at least 5 days. Ocular examination included checking visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), slit lamp and fundus examination. @entity1 were treated accordingly and followed up for 90 days. RESULTS: Thirty-six eyes of 36 @entity1 with hyphaema were included in our study. Out of this, 88.89% were males and 11.11% females while 86% were 20 years of age or below. Almost 91.66% presented with primary hyphaema, 44.44% received @entity130 with stone and 27.77% with tennis ball while playing cricket. @entity130 during playing was noted in 66.66% of cases. Almost 62% of cases were having visual acuity in the range of @entity1577 to perception of light with good projection. IOP was raised initially in 41.66% cases. Only 33.33% needed surgical intervention. @entity726 was present in 13.88% and 5.55% had corneal blood staining. Majority of @entity1 (75%) improved to VA range of 6/6 to 6/12 and 19% @entity1 in our study ended up with @entity1939 in the affected eyes. CONCLUSION: Traumatic hyphaema is more frequently found among @entity1 and young male. @entity5513 , traumatic @entity231 and @entity1020 were common co-morbidities. @entity726 and corneal staining were the main complications. Nearly 1/5th of @entity1 ended up with @entity1939 in the affected eyes.

title: Hyphaema due to blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['Angle recession']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legal blindness']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'globe injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions in @entity1 with @entity697 . METHODS: A descriptive study was performed in a series of pediatric @entity1 diagnosed with @entity697 in the emergency rooms of 11 Spanish hospitals. The appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions was assessed by comparing our clinical practice in the use of antibiotics for pharyngotonsillitis with consensus guidelines developed for this study. RESULTS: We collected data from 1716 @entity1 with @entity697 . Antibiotics were prescribed in 80.9 %, mainly according to empirical criteria. The most commonly used antibiotics were @entity115 (36 %), @entity115 - @entity798 (22.5 %), @entity6727 (6.6 %), @entity4580 (5.8 %) and @entity2261 (5.2 %). A total of 39.5 % of the @entity1 were aged less than 3 years, of which 75.9 % were treated empirically. Of the prescribed treatments, 22.8 % were considered as the treatment of choice; 22.4 % as alternatives and 54.8 % as inappropriate. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic treatment was prescribed in most of the cases of pharyngotonsillitis and nearly always according to empirical criteria. The number of antibiotic prescriptions was far higher than the expected cases of @entity2348 and, in many cases, the antibiotic prescriptions were inappropriate.

title: [Appropriateness of treatment of XXXX according to the scientific evidence].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pharyngotonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pharyngotonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity6727 :: ('MESH:D020682', 'Chemical') :: ['cefixime']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute pharyngotonsillitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for @entity157 ( @entity157 ), and a long-term study by follow-up multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) was conducted to evaluate the changes occurring in the treatment area following the HIFU ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HIFU ablation was carried out in 14 @entity1 with small @entity5462 ( <=3 lesions,  <=3cm in diameter). The HIFU system (Chongqing Haifu Tech) was used under ultrasound guidance. The evaluations were performed by follow-up CT at 1 week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the HIFU ablation. RESULTS: HIFU ablation was carried out successfully in 11 of the 14 @entity1 . At 1 week after the HIFU, a peripheral rim @entity14782 was found in all cases (100%). This finding was persistent in 6 of the 11 cases (54.5%) at 1 month, and in 1 of the 11 (9%) cases at 3 months after HIFU ablation. In all cases, the rim @entity14782 disappeared by 6 or 12 months after the HIFU ablation. At the 12 months follow-up, a decrease in the diameter of the ablated lesions was found. The @entity14782 around the treated area was found to be persistent at the 12 months follow-up in the one case of recurrence of the treated site in which the safety margin was not sufficiently wide. During the follow-up period, there were 2 cases with residual of @entity96 . We performed radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for these @entity41 after the HIFU ablation. CONCLUSION: To ascertain the cause of the peripheral @entity14782 on follow-up CT images after the HIFU ablation, in particular, to determine whether it might be caused by @entity41 or recurrence at the treated site, careful follow-up is important, especially in cases where the safety margin of the ablated area was not sufficiently wide.

title: Findings of multidetector row computed tomography of XXXX treated by HIFU ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors', 'residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['HCC tumors']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['enhancement']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity5462 :: (3052,Gene) :: ['HCCs']


abstract: AIM: The diagnostic contribution of the anteroposterior (AP) view was studied to assess whether this view could be omitted safely, thus reducing the radiation burden received by @entity1 undergoing lumbar spine radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective analysis of 1030 consecutive referrals for lumbar spine radiography from general practice. RESULTS: In the majority of cases (90.5%) the AP view was non-contributory. In 4.2% the diagnosis was strengthened and it was altered in 4.6%. However, in the latter group only 1.3% of the total were considered significant alterations. These were cases of possible, but not definite, pars defects and @entity6592 . Specific important conditions such as infection, @entity5 were not missed on the lateral view alone, in our study population. The radiation burden is reduced by 75% by omitting the AP view. CONCLUSION: A single lateral view is an adequate examination, with the proviso that @entity2720 is not assessed on this view and some pars defects and facet joint degenerative changes may be overlooked. The radiation protection gains are considerable. A single lateral lumbar view is now our routine practice unless @entity6592 is a specific clinical concern.

title: The diagnostic contribution of the frontal lumbar spine radiograph in community referred low back pain--a prospective study of 1030 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joint disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy and benign tumours']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) affects 20-40% of the general adult population. Due to shared risk factors, it is postulated that @entity1561 @entity1 have an increased risk of @entity14 and should be a target group for screening. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of @entity14 in @entity1561 @entity1 and the risk of @entity14 in relation to the severity of @entity1561 histology. Design Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University hospital with case recruitment from the community and clinics. @entity1 : Subjects aged 40-70 years were recruited for colonoscopic screening from two study cohorts: (1) community subjects; and (2) consecutive @entity1 with biopsy proven @entity1561 . In the community cohort, hepatic fat was measured by proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity2513 . @entity14 was defined as @entity5 or @entity652 with villous architecture or high grade @entity1141 . RESULTS: @entity1561 @entity1 (N=199) had a higher prevalence of @entity2513 (34.7% vs 21.5%; p=0.043) and @entity1442 (18.6% vs 5.5%; p=0.002) than healthy controls (N=181). Thirteen of 29 (45%) @entity1561 @entity1 with @entity1442 had @entity75 in the right sided colon. Among @entity1 with biopsy proven @entity1561 , @entity1 with @entity7936 (N=49) had a higher prevalence of @entity652 (51.0% vs 25.6%; p=0.005) and @entity1442 (34.7% vs 14.0%; p=0.011) than those with simple @entity1560 (N=86). After adjusting for demographic and metabolic factors, @entity7936 remained associated with @entity652 (adjusted OR 4.89, 95% CI 2.04 to 11.70) and @entity1442 (OR 5.34, 95% CI 1.92 to 14.84). In contrast, the prevalence of @entity652 and @entity1442 was similar between @entity1 with simple @entity1560 and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7936 is associated with a high prevalence of @entity2513 and @entity1442 . The @entity652 are found more commonly in the right sided colon. @entity14 screening is strongly indicated in this high risk group.

title: High prevalence of @entity14 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['isolated lesions']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic steatohepatitis', 'Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasm', 'Colorectal cancer', 'Advanced colorectal neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity7936 :: (MESH:D005235,Disease) :: ['non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) affects 20-40% of the general adult population. Due to shared risk factors, it is postulated that @entity1561 @entity1 have an increased risk of @entity14 and should be a target group for screening. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of @entity14 in @entity1561 @entity1 and the risk of @entity14 in relation to the severity of @entity1561 histology. Design Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University hospital with case recruitment from the community and clinics. @entity1 : Subjects aged 40-70 years were recruited for colonoscopic screening from two study cohorts: (1) community subjects; and (2) consecutive @entity1 with biopsy proven @entity1561 . In the community cohort, hepatic fat was measured by proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity2513 . @entity14 was defined as @entity5 or @entity652 with villous architecture or high grade @entity1141 . RESULTS: @entity1561 @entity1 (N=199) had a higher prevalence of @entity2513 (34.7% vs 21.5%; p=0.043) and @entity1442 (18.6% vs 5.5%; p=0.002) than healthy controls (N=181). Thirteen of 29 (45%) @entity1561 @entity1 with @entity1442 had @entity75 in the right sided colon. Among @entity1 with biopsy proven @entity1561 , @entity1 with @entity7936 (N=49) had a higher prevalence of @entity652 (51.0% vs 25.6%; p=0.005) and @entity1442 (34.7% vs 14.0%; p=0.011) than those with simple @entity1560 (N=86). After adjusting for demographic and metabolic factors, @entity7936 remained associated with @entity652 (adjusted OR 4.89, 95% CI 2.04 to 11.70) and @entity1442 (OR 5.34, 95% CI 1.92 to 14.84). In contrast, the prevalence of @entity652 and @entity1442 was similar between @entity1 with simple @entity1560 and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7936 is associated with a high prevalence of @entity2513 and @entity1442 . The @entity652 are found more commonly in the right sided colon. @entity14 screening is strongly indicated in this high risk group.

title: High prevalence of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity7936 .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) affects 20-40% of the general adult population. Due to shared risk factors, it is postulated that @entity1561 @entity1 have an increased risk of @entity14 and should be a target group for screening. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of @entity14 in @entity1561 @entity1 and the risk of @entity14 in relation to the severity of @entity1561 histology. Design Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University hospital with case recruitment from the community and clinics. @entity1 : Subjects aged 40-70 years were recruited for colonoscopic screening from two study cohorts: (1) community subjects; and (2) consecutive @entity1 with biopsy proven @entity1561 . In the community cohort, hepatic fat was measured by proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity2513 . @entity14 was defined as @entity5 or @entity652 with villous architecture or high grade @entity1141 . RESULTS: @entity1561 @entity1 (N=199) had a higher prevalence of @entity2513 (34.7% vs 21.5%; p=0.043) and @entity1442 (18.6% vs 5.5%; p=0.002) than healthy controls (N=181). Thirteen of 29 (45%) @entity1561 @entity1 with @entity1442 had @entity75 in the right sided colon. Among @entity1 with biopsy proven @entity1561 , @entity1 with @entity7936 (N=49) had a higher prevalence of @entity652 (51.0% vs 25.6%; p=0.005) and @entity1442 (34.7% vs 14.0%; p=0.011) than those with simple @entity1560 (N=86). After adjusting for demographic and metabolic factors, @entity7936 remained associated with @entity652 (adjusted OR 4.89, 95% CI 2.04 to 11.70) and @entity1442 (OR 5.34, 95% CI 1.92 to 14.84). In contrast, the prevalence of @entity652 and @entity1442 was similar between @entity1 with simple @entity1560 and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7936 is associated with a high prevalence of @entity2513 and @entity1442 . The @entity652 are found more commonly in the right sided colon. @entity14 screening is strongly indicated in this high risk group.

title: High prevalence of @entity14 in XXXX with @entity7936 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if clinical data and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores can be used to identify @entity1 at risk for @entity27 ( @entity27 ). DESIGN: Intake surveys using the NOSE, @entity25 ( @entity25 ), and Snore Outcomes Scale (SOS) were administered to new @entity1 visiting a facial plastic surgery practice and a rhinology practice. SETTING: An academic facial plastic surgery practice and an academic rhinology practice. @entity1 : New @entity1 to both practices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: NOSE score and presence of septal deviation. RESULTS: The odds ratio (OR) for an @entity25 score higher than 10 was 2.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-7.57) when snoring was present; 5.5 (95% CI, 1.35-22.58) when the NOSE score was 10 or higher; and 3.3 (95% CI, 0.98-11.0) when a @entity5494 was found on clinical examination. The probability of an elevated @entity25 score was 88% when all 3 factors were present and 56% when the NOSE score was not elevated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis with predictors "snore" and NOSE score of 10 or higher had an area under the curve of 0.72. With a probability cutoff of 0.5, the sensitivity was 30%, and the specificity 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Sinonasal surgery is among the most common outpatient procedures performed in the United States each year. Many @entity1 undergoing sinonasal surgery have undiagnosed @entity27 or @entity8968 , a known risk factor for @entity27 . @entity1 with @entity27 have unique perioperative needs. In @entity1 with @entity8968 , a @entity5494 , and/or snoring, there is an association between the NOSE score and the @entity25 score. The NOSE survey may serve as a simple screening instrument instead of the @entity25 for @entity1 at risk for undiagnosed @entity27 and special perioperative needs.

title: The @entity8968 symptom evaluation survey as a screening tool for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['deviated septum']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Epworth Sleepiness Scale', 'ESS']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if clinical data and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores can be used to identify @entity1 at risk for @entity27 ( @entity27 ). DESIGN: Intake surveys using the NOSE, @entity25 ( @entity25 ), and Snore Outcomes Scale (SOS) were administered to new @entity1 visiting a facial plastic surgery practice and a rhinology practice. SETTING: An academic facial plastic surgery practice and an academic rhinology practice. @entity1 : New @entity1 to both practices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: NOSE score and presence of septal deviation. RESULTS: The odds ratio (OR) for an @entity25 score higher than 10 was 2.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-7.57) when snoring was present; 5.5 (95% CI, 1.35-22.58) when the NOSE score was 10 or higher; and 3.3 (95% CI, 0.98-11.0) when a @entity5494 was found on clinical examination. The probability of an elevated @entity25 score was 88% when all 3 factors were present and 56% when the NOSE score was not elevated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis with predictors "snore" and NOSE score of 10 or higher had an area under the curve of 0.72. With a probability cutoff of 0.5, the sensitivity was 30%, and the specificity 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Sinonasal surgery is among the most common outpatient procedures performed in the United States each year. Many @entity1 undergoing sinonasal surgery have undiagnosed @entity27 or @entity8968 , a known risk factor for @entity27 . @entity1 with @entity27 have unique perioperative needs. In @entity1 with @entity8968 , a @entity5494 , and/or snoring, there is an association between the NOSE score and the @entity25 score. The NOSE survey may serve as a simple screening instrument instead of the @entity25 for @entity1 at risk for undiagnosed @entity27 and special perioperative needs.

title: The XXXX symptom evaluation survey as a screening tool for @entity27 .

answer: @entity8968 :: (MESH:D015508,Disease) :: ['nasal obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early studies comparing laparoscopic and open operations for @entity4436 failed to show any advantages of the laparoscopic approach. Our study compared the 30-day postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic and open sigmoid colectomy for @entity4436 by surgeons who had performed 20 or more laparoscopic colectomies before the study period. HYPOTHESIS: @entity1 who undergo an elective laparoscopic operation for @entity4436 have @entity260 compared with @entity1 who have a traditional open operation. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Academic medical center. @entity1 : A total of 249 @entity1 who underwent elective open (n = 127) or laparoscopic (n = 122) sigmoid colectomy with primary @entity254 for @entity4436 between July 1, 2001, and February 1, 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Combined rates of free and contained @entity834 . A logistic regression model was used to determine predictors of @entity834 while controlling for significant differences between study groups. RESULTS: @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic or open operations were similar in age, sex, history of diagnosed intraabdominal abscess (9.4% vs 12.3%), and history of preoperative percutaneous abscess drainage (3.9% vs 4.9%). @entity1 who underwent the open procedure had a higher Charlson comorbidity index (1.6 vs 1.2; P = .04), and those who underwent laparoscopy more frequently underwent @entity6679 (82.8% vs 26.7%; P < .001). @entity1 who underwent a laparoscopy had lower rates of @entity834 (2.4% vs 8.2%; P = .04). This finding held true on logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.008-0.567; P = .01), even when controlling for age, Charlson comorbidity index, @entity6679 , and length of resected bowel. CONCLUSION: @entity834 occurred less frequently after laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy performed by experienced laparoscopic colorectal surgeons.

title: Laparoscopy decreases anastomotic leak rate in sigmoid colectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leaks', 'anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['reduced postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity6679 :: ('MESH:D014086', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure mobilization']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We conducted this study to determine demographic details, and clinical presentations in @entity1 with peripartum @entity296 (PPCMP) of Turkish origin. The study population consisted of 58 @entity1 with PPCMP treated at 3 major hospitals in @entity233 , retrospectively. In this study, demographic details and initial echocardiographic data were recorded and long-term clinical status was evaluated. The mean age for the @entity1 cohort was 31.47        6.31 years. Thirty-eight @entity1 (73.1%) were multigravida and seven @entity1 had multifetal pregnancy (13.7%). The mean follow-up left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction increased from 31        7 to 38        19. A minority of @entity1 were defined as improvers according to our pre-specified criteria. The average survival period after diagnosis of PPCMP was 20.66        14.44 months. Initial values for LV end-diastolic diameter and @entity1133 were higher in the deceased @entity1 compared with the surviving @entity1 , respectively. Twenty-eight (48%) @entity1 with PPCMP showed improvement in the follow-up period. Of the 58 PPCMP @entity1 , 9 (15%) died during a mean follow-up of 32        22 months.

title: Peripartum XXXX in @entity233 : Experience of three tertiary centres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We conducted this study to determine demographic details, and clinical presentations in @entity1 with peripartum @entity296 (PPCMP) of Turkish origin. The study population consisted of 58 @entity1 with PPCMP treated at 3 major hospitals in @entity233 , retrospectively. In this study, demographic details and initial echocardiographic data were recorded and long-term clinical status was evaluated. The mean age for the @entity1 cohort was 31.47        6.31 years. Thirty-eight @entity1 (73.1%) were multigravida and seven @entity1 had multifetal pregnancy (13.7%). The mean follow-up left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction increased from 31        7 to 38        19. A minority of @entity1 were defined as improvers according to our pre-specified criteria. The average survival period after diagnosis of PPCMP was 20.66        14.44 months. Initial values for LV end-diastolic diameter and @entity1133 were higher in the deceased @entity1 compared with the surviving @entity1 , respectively. Twenty-eight (48%) @entity1 with PPCMP showed improvement in the follow-up period. Of the 58 PPCMP @entity1 , 9 (15%) died during a mean follow-up of 32        22 months.

title: Peripartum @entity296 in XXXX : Experience of three tertiary centres.

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic administration of cellular interleukin-10 (cIL-10) and gene transfection of viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10) at @entity715 induction @entity32 . Only cIL-10, despite sharing an 84% @entity535 sequence homology with vIL-10, decreases @entity715 through mechanisms yet to be determined. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 ( @entity19 , n99) were studied. Inferior vena caval @entity715 was created by inferior vena caval ligation and the animals were sacrificed and evaluated at days 2 and 6 after ligation. At @entity715 induction groups received intravenous 0.25 microg of cIL-10, 0.25 microg of vIL-10, or saline (untreated controls). Evaluations included @entity715 mass and vein wall leukocyte counts, protein levels, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction mRNA levels of P- and @entity24780 , @entity1750 , and @entity1618 . Groups were compared by analysis of variance and t tests. RESULTS: Less @entity715 was noted at both days 2 and 6 in animals treated with cIL-10. At day 2 only, vein wall leukocyte counts revealed a significant decrease in neutrophils in cIL-10 animals versus controls, with no significant differences for vIL-10 animals. In cIL-10-treated animals, P-selectin protein levels were decreased at day 6, along with a decreased @entity715 mass, without significant differences in @entity24780 , @entity1750 , or @entity1618 protein levels. vIL-10 treated animals showed increased @entity24780 mRNA and @entity715 mass versus controls on day 6. CONCLUSIONS: cIL-10 is more antithrombotic/anti-inflammatory than vIL-10. This may be the result of cIL-10 decreasing P-selectin protein expression and vIL-10 increasing @entity24780 mRNA levels.

title: Cellular XXXX is more effective than viral @entity1618 in decreasing venous thrombosis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['decreases vein wall inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mus musculus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1618 :: (16153(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic administration of cellular interleukin-10 (cIL-10) and gene transfection of viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10) at @entity715 induction @entity32 . Only cIL-10, despite sharing an 84% @entity535 sequence homology with vIL-10, decreases @entity715 through mechanisms yet to be determined. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 ( @entity19 , n99) were studied. Inferior vena caval @entity715 was created by inferior vena caval ligation and the animals were sacrificed and evaluated at days 2 and 6 after ligation. At @entity715 induction groups received intravenous 0.25 microg of cIL-10, 0.25 microg of vIL-10, or saline (untreated controls). Evaluations included @entity715 mass and vein wall leukocyte counts, protein levels, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction mRNA levels of P- and @entity24780 , @entity1750 , and @entity1618 . Groups were compared by analysis of variance and t tests. RESULTS: Less @entity715 was noted at both days 2 and 6 in animals treated with cIL-10. At day 2 only, vein wall leukocyte counts revealed a significant decrease in neutrophils in cIL-10 animals versus controls, with no significant differences for vIL-10 animals. In cIL-10-treated animals, P-selectin protein levels were decreased at day 6, along with a decreased @entity715 mass, without significant differences in @entity24780 , @entity1750 , or @entity1618 protein levels. vIL-10 treated animals showed increased @entity24780 mRNA and @entity715 mass versus controls on day 6. CONCLUSIONS: cIL-10 is more antithrombotic/anti-inflammatory than vIL-10. This may be the result of cIL-10 decreasing P-selectin protein expression and vIL-10 increasing @entity24780 mRNA levels.

title: Cellular @entity1618 is more effective than viral XXXX in decreasing venous thrombosis.

answer: @entity1618 :: (16153(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) is rapidly rising in prevalence. Characterized by either inadequate insulin production or the inability to utilize insulin produced, @entity2175 results in elevated blood @entity413 levels. The "gold-standard" in assessing insulin sensitivity is a @entity1717 or insulin clamp. In this procedure, insulin is infused at a constant rate resulting in a drop in blood @entity413 . To maintain blood @entity413 at a constant level, exogenous @entity413 (D50) is infused into the venous circulation. The amount of @entity413 infused to maintain homeostasis is indicative of insulin sensitivity. Here, we show the basic clamp procedure in the chronically catheterized, unrestrained, conscious @entity35 . This model allows blood to be collected with minimal stress to the animal. Following the induction of anesthesia, a midline incision is made and the left common carotid artery and right jugular vein are catheterized. Inserted catheters are flushed with heparinized saline, then exteriorized and secured. Animals are allowed to recover for 4-5 days prior to experiments, with @entity1017 monitored daily. Only those animals who regain weight to pre-surgery levels are used for experiments. On the day of the experiment, @entity35 are fasted and connected to pumps containing insulin and D50. Baseline @entity413 is assessed from the arterial line and used a benchmark throughout the experiment (euglycemia). Following this, insulin is infused at a constant rate into the venous circulation. To match the drop in blood @entity413 , D50 is infused. If the rate of D50 infusion is greater than the rate of uptake, a rise in @entity413 will occur. Similarly, if the rate is insufficient to match whole body @entity413 uptake, a drop will occur. Titration of @entity413 continues until stable @entity413 readings are achieved. @entity413 levels and @entity413 infusion rates during this stable period are recorded and reported. Results provide an index of whole body insulin sensitivity. The technique can be refined to meet specific experimental requirements. It is further enhanced by the use of radioactive tracers that can determine tissue specific insulin-stimulated @entity413 uptake as well as whole body @entity413 turnover.

title: XXXX in the conscious @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'Type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1717 :: (MESH:D044903,Disease) :: ['Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp']


abstract: @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) is rapidly rising in prevalence. Characterized by either inadequate insulin production or the inability to utilize insulin produced, @entity2175 results in elevated blood @entity413 levels. The "gold-standard" in assessing insulin sensitivity is a @entity1717 or insulin clamp. In this procedure, insulin is infused at a constant rate resulting in a drop in blood @entity413 . To maintain blood @entity413 at a constant level, exogenous @entity413 (D50) is infused into the venous circulation. The amount of @entity413 infused to maintain homeostasis is indicative of insulin sensitivity. Here, we show the basic clamp procedure in the chronically catheterized, unrestrained, conscious @entity35 . This model allows blood to be collected with minimal stress to the animal. Following the induction of anesthesia, a midline incision is made and the left common carotid artery and right jugular vein are catheterized. Inserted catheters are flushed with heparinized saline, then exteriorized and secured. Animals are allowed to recover for 4-5 days prior to experiments, with @entity1017 monitored daily. Only those animals who regain weight to pre-surgery levels are used for experiments. On the day of the experiment, @entity35 are fasted and connected to pumps containing insulin and D50. Baseline @entity413 is assessed from the arterial line and used a benchmark throughout the experiment (euglycemia). Following this, insulin is infused at a constant rate into the venous circulation. To match the drop in blood @entity413 , D50 is infused. If the rate of D50 infusion is greater than the rate of uptake, a rise in @entity413 will occur. Similarly, if the rate is insufficient to match whole body @entity413 uptake, a drop will occur. Titration of @entity413 continues until stable @entity413 readings are achieved. @entity413 levels and @entity413 infusion rates during this stable period are recorded and reported. Results provide an index of whole body insulin sensitivity. The technique can be refined to meet specific experimental requirements. It is further enhanced by the use of radioactive tracers that can determine tissue specific insulin-stimulated @entity413 uptake as well as whole body @entity413 turnover.

title: @entity1717 in the conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We analysed 6549 @entity5883 treated between 1992 and 2005 at a specialist hospital in @entity233 to identify risk factors for amputations. There were 2899 (44%) hand amputations. @entity130 were more prone to amputation. The risk of amputation was higher in @entity1 , workers and those in the 15-24 and 45-54 year-old age groups. Compared to home, commercial areas were the places with highest risk, followed by farms and industrial/construction areas. The majority of amputations occurred in industrial/construction areas (87%). Among objects/substances producing injury, watercraft led to the highest risk of amputation and contact with machinery was the mechanism with highest risk. Press machines were the most frequent objects causing amputation both in @entity1 and @entity1 , followed almost equally by powered wood cutters in @entity1 . Doors were the most frequent objects of amputation in @entity1 , followed by powered wood cutters. Education, enforcement, and improved engineering are the keys to prevent amputations. Precluding illegal @entity1 labour is essential.

title: What kinds of XXXX are more likely to result in amputation? An analysis of 6549 @entity5883 .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Left-side injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5883 :: ('MESH:D006230', 'Disease') :: ['hand injuries']

answer: @entity5883 :: (MESH:D006230,Disease) :: ['hand injuries']


abstract: We analysed 6549 @entity5883 treated between 1992 and 2005 at a specialist hospital in @entity233 to identify risk factors for amputations. There were 2899 (44%) hand amputations. @entity130 were more prone to amputation. The risk of amputation was higher in @entity1 , workers and those in the 15-24 and 45-54 year-old age groups. Compared to home, commercial areas were the places with highest risk, followed by farms and industrial/construction areas. The majority of amputations occurred in industrial/construction areas (87%). Among objects/substances producing injury, watercraft led to the highest risk of amputation and contact with machinery was the mechanism with highest risk. Press machines were the most frequent objects causing amputation both in @entity1 and @entity1 , followed almost equally by powered wood cutters in @entity1 . Doors were the most frequent objects of amputation in @entity1 , followed by powered wood cutters. Education, enforcement, and improved engineering are the keys to prevent amputations. Precluding illegal @entity1 labour is essential.

title: What kinds of @entity5883 are more likely to result in amputation? An analysis of 6549 XXXX .

answer: @entity5883 :: (MESH:D006230,Disease) :: ['hand injuries']


abstract: Variable sensitivity to T-cell-receptor (TCR)- and @entity15592 ( @entity15592 )-mediated homeostatic signals among na  ve T cells has thus far been largely attributed to differences in TCR specificity. We show here that even when withdrawn from self-peptide-induced TCR stimulation, CD8(+) T cells exhibit heterogeneous responses to @entity10191 ( @entity10191 ) that are mechanistically associated with @entity15592 expression differences that correlate with relative @entity6689 expression. Whereas @entity6689 (hi) and @entity6689 (lo) T cells survive equivalently in the presence of saturating @entity10191 levels in vitro, @entity6689 (hi) T cells proliferate more robustly. Conversely, @entity6689 (lo) T cells exhibit prolonged survival when withdrawn from homeostatic stimuli. Through quantitative experimental analysis of signaling downstream of @entity15592 , we find that the enhanced @entity10191 responsiveness of @entity6689 (hi) T cells is directly related to their greater surface @entity15592 expression. Further, we identify a quantitative threshold in @entity15592 -mediated signaling capacity required for proliferation that lies well above an analogous threshold requirement for survival. These distinct thresholds allow subtle differences in @entity15592 expression between @entity6689 (lo) and @entity6689 (hi) T cells to give rise to significant variations in their respective @entity10191 -induced proliferation, without altering survival. Heterogeneous @entity10191 responsiveness is observed similarly in vivo, with @entity6689 (hi) na  ve T cells proliferating preferentially in lymphopenic @entity19 or lymphoreplete @entity19 administered with exogenous @entity10191 . However, @entity10191 in lymphoreplete @entity19 appears to be maintained at an effective level for preserving homeostasis, such that neither @entity6689 (hi) @entity15592 (hi) nor @entity6689 (lo) @entity15592 (lo) T cells proliferate or survive preferentially. Our findings indicate that @entity15592 -mediated signaling not only maintains the size but also impacts the diversity of the na  ve T-cell repertoire.

title: Signaling thresholds govern heterogeneity in XXXX -mediated responses of na  ve CD8(+) T cells.

answer: @entity15592 :: (16197(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-7-receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Smoking is a major risk factor for @entity1 with @entity438 , yet the effects of smoking on outcomes of @entity439 with flow-diverter treatment remain unknown. We studied the impact of smoking on long-term angiographic and clinical outcomes after flow-diverter treatment of @entity438 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data from @entity1 treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device and included in the International Retrospective Study of the Pipeline Embolization Device, the Pipeline for Uncoilable or Failed @entity439 Study, and the @entity439 Study of Pipeline in an Observational Registry. @entity1 were stratified according to smoking status into 3 groups: 1) never smoker, 2) current smoker, and 3) former smoker. We studied angiographic and clinical outcomes. Outcomes were compared by using   (2) and Student t tests. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether smoking was independently associated with poor outcomes. RESULTS: Six hundred sixteen @entity1 with 694 @entity439 were included. Current smokers had a smaller mean @entity439 size compared with the other 2 groups (P = .005) and lower rates of multiple Pipeline Embolization Device use (P = .015). On multivariate analysis, former smokers (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.43-2.71; P = .57) and current smokers (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.27-1.77; P = .38) had similar odds of long-term angiographic incomplete @entity432 compared with never smokers. Former smokers (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.64-2.52; P = .25) and current smokers (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.37-1.46; P = .22) had similar odds of major morbidity and neurologic mortality compared with never smokers. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that smoking is not associated with angiographic and clinical outcomes among @entity1 treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device. Nonetheless, @entity1 with @entity438 should continue to be counseled about the risks of @entity286 smoking.

title: Smoking Does Not Affect Occlusion Rates and Morbidity-Mortality after Pipeline Embolization for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysm', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: AIMS: We aimed to assess the relationship between @entity407 ( @entity407 ) and @entity64 incidence and whether increased @entity407 would further enlarge the risk of @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity101 in an Inner Mongolian population of China. METHODS: Based on the baseline survey conducted in 2002-2003, a prospective cohort study was conducted among 2547 Mongolian @entity1 from Inner Mongolia, China. @entity407 was calculated by waist circumference (WC) and @entity412 (TG) concentration for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Cox proportional hazards models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the associations between @entity407 , @entity101 , and @entity64 incidence. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, a total of 121 @entity64 events were observed. @entity1 with higher @entity407 were associated with higher risk of @entity64 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-2.58] than the @entity1 in the lower @entity407 group. However, no significant dose-response relationship was detected between @entity407 levels and risk of @entity64 (P-trend=0.103). The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that @entity101 with high @entity407 had highest cumulative @entity64 incidence rate (log-rank P    0.001). The multivariate-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of @entity64 for normotensives with high @entity407 , @entity101 with @entity258 , and @entity101 with high @entity407 were 1.80 (0.84-3.89), 2.94 (1.51-5.74), and 4.23 (2.15-8.34), respectively, compared with normotensives with @entity258 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that high @entity407 was associated with an increased risk of @entity64 , and @entity101 with high @entity407 had the highest risk of @entity64 among Inner Mongolians. These findings indicate that @entity407 and @entity101 may be valuable to predict and prevent @entity64 incidence.

title: Lipid Accumulation Product and @entity101 Related to XXXX : a 9.2-Year Prospective Study Among Mongolians in China.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['lipid accumulation product', 'LAP']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'future stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: AIMS: We aimed to assess the relationship between @entity407 ( @entity407 ) and @entity64 incidence and whether increased @entity407 would further enlarge the risk of @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity101 in an Inner Mongolian population of China. METHODS: Based on the baseline survey conducted in 2002-2003, a prospective cohort study was conducted among 2547 Mongolian @entity1 from Inner Mongolia, China. @entity407 was calculated by waist circumference (WC) and @entity412 (TG) concentration for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Cox proportional hazards models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the associations between @entity407 , @entity101 , and @entity64 incidence. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, a total of 121 @entity64 events were observed. @entity1 with higher @entity407 were associated with higher risk of @entity64 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-2.58] than the @entity1 in the lower @entity407 group. However, no significant dose-response relationship was detected between @entity407 levels and risk of @entity64 (P-trend=0.103). The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that @entity101 with high @entity407 had highest cumulative @entity64 incidence rate (log-rank P    0.001). The multivariate-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of @entity64 for normotensives with high @entity407 , @entity101 with @entity258 , and @entity101 with high @entity407 were 1.80 (0.84-3.89), 2.94 (1.51-5.74), and 4.23 (2.15-8.34), respectively, compared with normotensives with @entity258 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that high @entity407 was associated with an increased risk of @entity64 , and @entity101 with high @entity407 had the highest risk of @entity64 among Inner Mongolians. These findings indicate that @entity407 and @entity101 may be valuable to predict and prevent @entity64 incidence.

title: Lipid Accumulation Product and XXXX Related to @entity64 : a 9.2-Year Prospective Study Among Mongolians in China.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Biological control of sandflies using entomopathogenic fungi is a possible alternative to the expensive synthetic chemical control. It is potentially sustainable, less hazardous, and relatively inexpensive and merits further investigations. The objective of this study was to identify the most pathogenic fungal isolate(s) to sandflies in the laboratory. METHODS: Isolates of entomopathogenic fungi @entity20703 and @entity20702 were screened for their pathogenicity against Phlebotomus duboscqi. Adult flies were contaminated using the technique described by Migiro et al (2010). Briefly, flies were exposed to 0.1 g of dry conidia evenly spread on a @entity2708 velvet cloth covering the inner side of a cylindrical plastic tube (95 mm long   48 mm diam). In all 25 sandflies were transferred into the cylindrical tube and allowed to walk on the velvet for one minute, after which they were transferred from the velvet into the cages in Perplex. Insects in the control treatments were exposed to fungusfree velvet cloth before being transferred into similar cages. The treatments were maintained at 25    2  C, 60-70% RH and 12L: 12D photoperiod. The experiment was replicated 5 times. The most pathogenic isolates were selected for further studies. RESULTS: A total of 19 isolates were screened against adult sandflies in the laboratory. Mortality in the controls was approximately 16.8    1.7 %. All the isolates were found to be pathogenic to P. duboscqi. Mortality ranged between 76.8 and 100% on all the fungal isolates tested. The lethal time taken to 50% (LT50) and 90% (LT90) mortality ranged from 3.0-7.8 days and from 5.3-16.2 days, respectively. The virulent isolates, causing mortalities of 97.5-100%, were selected for further studies. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: The high susceptibility of sandflies to entomopathogenic fungi suggests that fungi are potential alternatives to chemical control methods. We conclude that application of entomopathogenic fungi could result in acute mortalities of sandflies and reduction of parasite transmission and subsequently, reduction of @entity232 risk. This method of biological control has great potential as a new strategy for @entity232 control.

title: Pathogenicity of @entity20703 (Metch) Sorok and XXXX (Bals) Vuill to adult Phlebotomus duboscqi (Neveu-Lemaire) in the laboratory.

entities_list: @entity20703 :: ('5530', 'Species') :: ['Metarhizium anisopliae']

entities_list: @entity20702 :: ('475271', 'Species') :: ['Beauveria bassiana']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

answer: @entity20702 :: (475271,Species) :: ['Beauveria bassiana']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Biological control of sandflies using entomopathogenic fungi is a possible alternative to the expensive synthetic chemical control. It is potentially sustainable, less hazardous, and relatively inexpensive and merits further investigations. The objective of this study was to identify the most pathogenic fungal isolate(s) to sandflies in the laboratory. METHODS: Isolates of entomopathogenic fungi @entity20703 and @entity20702 were screened for their pathogenicity against Phlebotomus duboscqi. Adult flies were contaminated using the technique described by Migiro et al (2010). Briefly, flies were exposed to 0.1 g of dry conidia evenly spread on a @entity2708 velvet cloth covering the inner side of a cylindrical plastic tube (95 mm long   48 mm diam). In all 25 sandflies were transferred into the cylindrical tube and allowed to walk on the velvet for one minute, after which they were transferred from the velvet into the cages in Perplex. Insects in the control treatments were exposed to fungusfree velvet cloth before being transferred into similar cages. The treatments were maintained at 25    2  C, 60-70% RH and 12L: 12D photoperiod. The experiment was replicated 5 times. The most pathogenic isolates were selected for further studies. RESULTS: A total of 19 isolates were screened against adult sandflies in the laboratory. Mortality in the controls was approximately 16.8    1.7 %. All the isolates were found to be pathogenic to P. duboscqi. Mortality ranged between 76.8 and 100% on all the fungal isolates tested. The lethal time taken to 50% (LT50) and 90% (LT90) mortality ranged from 3.0-7.8 days and from 5.3-16.2 days, respectively. The virulent isolates, causing mortalities of 97.5-100%, were selected for further studies. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: The high susceptibility of sandflies to entomopathogenic fungi suggests that fungi are potential alternatives to chemical control methods. We conclude that application of entomopathogenic fungi could result in acute mortalities of sandflies and reduction of parasite transmission and subsequently, reduction of @entity232 risk. This method of biological control has great potential as a new strategy for @entity232 control.

title: Pathogenicity of XXXX (Metch) Sorok and @entity20702 (Bals) Vuill to adult Phlebotomus duboscqi (Neveu-Lemaire) in the laboratory.

answer: @entity20703 :: (5530,Species) :: ['Metarhizium anisopliae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We analyzed the effect of @entity1242 on radial @entity432 (RAO) in @entity1 undergoing transradial catheterization. METHODS: A total of 1706 @entity1 undergoing transradial catheterization were randomized to receive either 500 g intra-arterial @entity1242 or placebo at the end of the radial procedure. We explored the gender-based analysis between @entity1 (n=539) and @entity1 (n=1167). The primary outcome was the incidence of RAO as confirmed by absence of antegrade flow at one day after the transradial procedure evaluated by duplex ultrasound of the radial artery. RESULTS: The use of @entity1242 , as compared with placebo, did not significantly reduce the risk of RAO in @entity1 @entity1 [odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38 to 1.26; P=0.147]. The risk of RAO was higher in @entity1 age <60years as compared with @entity1 age >= 60years [5.6% vs. 3.5%; odds ratio, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.18 to 3.94; P=0.008]. In @entity1 age <60years (n=237), both counter puncture technique and a duration of hemostasis >= 4h were associated with a similar enhanced risk of developing RAO (odds ratio, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.59 to 7.72; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of @entity1242 at the end of a transradial catheterization in @entity1 did not reduce the risk of RAO as determined by ultrasound one day after the radial procedure. Age <60years was associated with a higher risk of RAO compared with age >= 60years in @entity1 . Further strategies to reduce RAO in @entity1 are needed.

title: Post-procedural/pre-hemostasis intra-arterial XXXX after transradial catheterization: A gender based analysis.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 73-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital due to a decreased conscious level and a high @entity221 . Six days before her admission, she felt transient @entity1183 in her right lower limb. Brain MRI taken by her local doctor revealed only right parietal cortex lesions. She was diagnosed with transient @entity63 attack and started on anti-platelet therapy. One day before her admission, she became drowsy, and left-side weakness developed. She was admitted to a community hospital for treating @entity64 . On the next day, she was referred to our hospital because of a high @entity221 . Our brain MRI showed new lesions in her right temporal lobe. She had no @entity64 risk factors, and embolic sources were not detected. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis detected herpes simplex virus DNA. She was diagnosed with @entity10926 ( @entity10926 ). @entity10926 is common @entity198 which develops @entity221 , @entity10 and alteration in mental status. It often involves temporal lobe, but extratemporal lesions alone are not uncommon. Diffusion-weighted images (DWI) of brain are of importance to differentiate @entity10926 from @entity64 . When it is questionable to diagnose with @entity64 for @entity1 with cerebral cortex lesions, they must be monitored with close observation. There is the possibility of initial presentation of @entity10926 in that situation even if @entity1 have no typical symptoms.

title: Herpes simplex XXXX initially presented with parietal cortex lesions mimicking acute ischemic stroke: A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity10926 :: ('MESH:D020803', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex encephalitis', 'HSE']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: Purpose: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are generated as an indirect product of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). Genetic variation in genes related to ROS metabolism may influence the level of @entity1161 -induced adverse effects. We evaluated the potential association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-related response to radiotherapy injury in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing @entity1161 . Materials and Methods: Eighty @entity1 receiving conventional @entity1161 were included. Acute effects were evaluated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scores. DNA was extracted from blood and buccal swab samples. SNPs were genotyped for @entity4191 , @entity56961 , @entity4723 , and @entity9554 genes by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Univariate analysis (ORs and 95% CI) and principal component analysis were used for correlation of SNPs and factors related to risk of developing >=  grade 2 acute effects. Results: Sixty-five @entity1 (81.2%) showed side effects, 32 (40%) presented moderate to severe acute @entity137 , and 33 (41.2%) manifested minimal acute skin reactions by the end of treatment. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, nominally signi   cant associations were found among body mass index (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 8.5338- 1.1274; p= 0.022), breast size (OR, 5.11; 95% CI, 17.04- 1.54; p= 0.004), and grade >= 2 acute radiation @entity137 . A significant association was also observed between @entity9554 @entity21005 polymorphism (OR, 9.8, 95% CI, 211.6- 0.45; p= 0.041) and grade >= 2 acute radiation @entity137 in @entity1 with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Conclusion: The analysis of the factors involved in individual radiosensitivity contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying this trait.

title: Polymorphic Variants in Oxidative Stress Genes and Acute XXXX in @entity0 @entity1 Receiving Radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: Purpose: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are generated as an indirect product of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). Genetic variation in genes related to ROS metabolism may influence the level of @entity1161 -induced adverse effects. We evaluated the potential association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-related response to radiotherapy injury in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing @entity1161 . Materials and Methods: Eighty @entity1 receiving conventional @entity1161 were included. Acute effects were evaluated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scores. DNA was extracted from blood and buccal swab samples. SNPs were genotyped for @entity4191 , @entity56961 , @entity4723 , and @entity9554 genes by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Univariate analysis (ORs and 95% CI) and principal component analysis were used for correlation of SNPs and factors related to risk of developing >=  grade 2 acute effects. Results: Sixty-five @entity1 (81.2%) showed side effects, 32 (40%) presented moderate to severe acute @entity137 , and 33 (41.2%) manifested minimal acute skin reactions by the end of treatment. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, nominally signi   cant associations were found among body mass index (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 8.5338- 1.1274; p= 0.022), breast size (OR, 5.11; 95% CI, 17.04- 1.54; p= 0.004), and grade >= 2 acute radiation @entity137 . A significant association was also observed between @entity9554 @entity21005 polymorphism (OR, 9.8, 95% CI, 211.6- 0.45; p= 0.041) and grade >= 2 acute radiation @entity137 in @entity1 with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Conclusion: The analysis of the factors involved in individual radiosensitivity contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying this trait.

title: Polymorphic Variants in Oxidative Stress Genes and Acute @entity137 in XXXX @entity1 Receiving Radiotherapy.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Purpose: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are generated as an indirect product of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). Genetic variation in genes related to ROS metabolism may influence the level of @entity1161 -induced adverse effects. We evaluated the potential association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-related response to radiotherapy injury in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing @entity1161 . Materials and Methods: Eighty @entity1 receiving conventional @entity1161 were included. Acute effects were evaluated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scores. DNA was extracted from blood and buccal swab samples. SNPs were genotyped for @entity4191 , @entity56961 , @entity4723 , and @entity9554 genes by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Univariate analysis (ORs and 95% CI) and principal component analysis were used for correlation of SNPs and factors related to risk of developing >=  grade 2 acute effects. Results: Sixty-five @entity1 (81.2%) showed side effects, 32 (40%) presented moderate to severe acute @entity137 , and 33 (41.2%) manifested minimal acute skin reactions by the end of treatment. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, nominally signi   cant associations were found among body mass index (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 8.5338- 1.1274; p= 0.022), breast size (OR, 5.11; 95% CI, 17.04- 1.54; p= 0.004), and grade >= 2 acute radiation @entity137 . A significant association was also observed between @entity9554 @entity21005 polymorphism (OR, 9.8, 95% CI, 211.6- 0.45; p= 0.041) and grade >= 2 acute radiation @entity137 in @entity1 with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Conclusion: The analysis of the factors involved in individual radiosensitivity contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying this trait.

title: Polymorphic Variants in Oxidative Stress Genes and Acute @entity137 in @entity0 XXXX Receiving Radiotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In this study, the feasibility of Integra acellular collagen used as a vascular carrier in skin flap prefabrication was examined. In all, 20 @entity35 were randomly divided into 3 groups. The saphenous vascular bundle was used as the vascular carrier. In group 1 (n = 8), an arteriovenous @entity292 was made by @entity254 of distal saphenous artery and vein. An Integra patch (2   3 cm  ) was placed underneath the vascular bundle. In group 2 (n = 6), an Integra patch was placed on the top of the saphenous vessels, which remained intact. In group 3 (n = 6), an arteriovenous @entity292 was made without Integra implant. Two weeks after the initial management, a skin flap (2   3 cm   in size) was raised and replaced in each group. The survival of the flaps and histology were evaluated at 7 days after flap replacement. The results showed that the average survival area in group 1 was 98%    2%. No flap survival was observed in group 2. The mean survival area in group 3 was 29%    6%. The differences among all 3 groups were significant (P < 0.05). Although the mean survival area in group 3 was significantly lower than that in group 1 (P < 0.001), it was significantly higher than that in group 2. Histology showed that the Integra patch was incorporated into the adjacent connective tissue, and increased amounts of @entity2295 were seen between the collagenous sheets and dermis in group 1. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Integra acellular collagen can incorporate into the adjacent tissue as a vascular carrier and induce angiogenesis in flap prefabrication. This biomaterial can provide a scaffold for supporting and enhancing the survival of a vascular prefabricated skin flap. The results indicate that this material is an ideal biomaterial for flap prefabrication and may be used for this clinical purpose in the future.

title: Integra acellular collagen as a vascular carrier for skin flap prefabrication in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague--Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined the effect of @entity9882 supplementation plus @entity4388 on high-intensity cycling capacity. METHODS: Twenty males (age = 25    5 yr, height = 1.79    0.06 m, body mass = 80.0    10.3 kg) were assigned to either a placebo (P) or a @entity9882 (BA; 6.4 g  d(-1) for 4 wk) group based on power max, completing four cycling capacity tests at 110% of power max (CCT110%) to determine time to exhaustion (TTE) and total work done. A CCT(110%) was performed twice (habituation and baseline) before supplementation (with maltodextrin [MD]) and twice after supplementation (with MD and with @entity4388 [SB]), using a crossover design with 2 d of rest between trials, creating four study conditions ( @entity16803 , PSB, BAMD, and BASB). Blood pH, @entity880 , @entity3157 and base excess were determined at baseline, before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 5 min after exercise. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: TTE was increased in all conditions after supplementation (+1.6% @entity16803 , +6.5% PSB, +12.1% BAMD, and +16.2% BASB). Both BAMD and BASB resulted in significantly improved TTE compared with that before supplementation (P  <= 0.01). Although further increases in TTE (4.1%) were shown in BASB compared with BAMD, these differences were not significant (P = 0.74). Differences in total work done were similar to those of TTE. Blood @entity3157 concentrations were significantly (P  <= 0.001) elevated before exercise in PSB and BASB but not in @entity16803 or BAMD. Blood @entity880 concentrations were significantly elevated after exercise, remaining elevated after 5 min of recovery (P  <= 0.001) and were highest in PSB and BASB. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that BA improved high-intensity cycling capacity. However, despite a 6-s (   4%) increase in TTE with the addition of SB, this did not reach statistical significance, but magnitude-based inferences suggested a    70% probability of a meaningful positive difference.

title: Effect of XXXX plus @entity4388 on high-intensity cycling capacity.

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

answer: @entity9882 :: (MESH:D000861,Chemical) :: ['b-alanine']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined the effect of @entity9882 supplementation plus @entity4388 on high-intensity cycling capacity. METHODS: Twenty males (age = 25    5 yr, height = 1.79    0.06 m, body mass = 80.0    10.3 kg) were assigned to either a placebo (P) or a @entity9882 (BA; 6.4 g  d(-1) for 4 wk) group based on power max, completing four cycling capacity tests at 110% of power max (CCT110%) to determine time to exhaustion (TTE) and total work done. A CCT(110%) was performed twice (habituation and baseline) before supplementation (with maltodextrin [MD]) and twice after supplementation (with MD and with @entity4388 [SB]), using a crossover design with 2 d of rest between trials, creating four study conditions ( @entity16803 , PSB, BAMD, and BASB). Blood pH, @entity880 , @entity3157 and base excess were determined at baseline, before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 5 min after exercise. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: TTE was increased in all conditions after supplementation (+1.6% @entity16803 , +6.5% PSB, +12.1% BAMD, and +16.2% BASB). Both BAMD and BASB resulted in significantly improved TTE compared with that before supplementation (P  <= 0.01). Although further increases in TTE (4.1%) were shown in BASB compared with BAMD, these differences were not significant (P = 0.74). Differences in total work done were similar to those of TTE. Blood @entity3157 concentrations were significantly (P  <= 0.001) elevated before exercise in PSB and BASB but not in @entity16803 or BAMD. Blood @entity880 concentrations were significantly elevated after exercise, remaining elevated after 5 min of recovery (P  <= 0.001) and were highest in PSB and BASB. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that BA improved high-intensity cycling capacity. However, despite a 6-s (   4%) increase in TTE with the addition of SB, this did not reach statistical significance, but magnitude-based inferences suggested a    70% probability of a meaningful positive difference.

title: Effect of @entity9882 plus XXXX on high-intensity cycling capacity.

answer: @entity4388 :: (MESH:D017693,Chemical) :: ['sodium bicarbonate']


abstract: A systemically well 66-year-old white Caucasian @entity1 presented to the urgent care department with a short history of progressive @entity158 in his left eye. He denied a history of @entity130 , intraocular surgery or use of illicit drugs. He was diagnosed with @entity3225 . Vitreous biopsy grew @entity5134 , a Gram negative bacteria. In spite of extensive investigation, there was no obvious source of @entity281 . He had an indwelling urine catheter for @entity1067 , but urine culture was negative. There was no evidence of immunocompromise. He was treated with systemic as well as intravitreal antibiotics. In spite of appropriate treatment, the @entity1 lost vision. @entity5134 @entity3225 , seen even in immunocompetent @entity1 , carries a poor visual prognosis.

title: @entity5134 XXXX in an immunocompetent host.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens', 'S. marcescens']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['prostate hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and blurring of vision']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis', 'endogenous endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['endogenous endophthalmitis']


abstract: A systemically well 66-year-old white Caucasian @entity1 presented to the urgent care department with a short history of progressive @entity158 in his left eye. He denied a history of @entity130 , intraocular surgery or use of illicit drugs. He was diagnosed with @entity3225 . Vitreous biopsy grew @entity5134 , a Gram negative bacteria. In spite of extensive investigation, there was no obvious source of @entity281 . He had an indwelling urine catheter for @entity1067 , but urine culture was negative. There was no evidence of immunocompromise. He was treated with systemic as well as intravitreal antibiotics. In spite of appropriate treatment, the @entity1 lost vision. @entity5134 @entity3225 , seen even in immunocompetent @entity1 , carries a poor visual prognosis.

title: XXXX @entity3225 in an immunocompetent host.

answer: @entity5134 :: (615,Species) :: ['Serratia marcescens']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Urinary lithiases have been a major urological problem. The objective was to determine the out come of treatment for @entity1 with calculus @entity1696 . METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted at Department of Urology Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from March 2007 to April 2009. All @entity1 with a diagnosis of calculus @entity1696 of all ages and either sex were included in the study. Detailed history, physical examination and examination of genitourinary tract was performed. Investigations included complete blood examination, blood @entity1133 , serum @entity1011 , ultrasonography of KUB area, and X-Ray KUB. RESULTS: Among the 66 @entity1 the cause of @entity1696 was bilateral obstruction by the calculi in 46 cases, @entity8968 with small/absent/nephrectomised contralateral kidney in 20 cases. In most of the cases, ureteric catheterisation was done to relieve the obstruction. Five deaths were observed, despite emergency urinary diversion and appropriate treatment. CONCLUSION: Calculus @entity1696 is a urological emergency. Prompt and early intervention can save the life of @entity1 and prevent to develop @entity177 .

title: Calculus XXXX and its remedy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral obstruction']

answer: @entity1696 :: (MESH:D001002,Disease) :: ['anuria']


abstract: A 33-year-old healthy Latina (from either Mexico or Central America) @entity1 with Fitzpatrick type V skin complained of a 2-year history of progressive @entity2117 on the axillary folds, dorsal hands, @entity135 , and lower abdomen. There was no preceding @entity1909 . The lesions were asymptomatic. She did not use any prescription or over-the-counter drugs or any herbal supplements. She denied contact with any new substances and did not start any new activities. A full review of systems was negative. Physical examination revealed diffuse symmetric gray patches on the proximal arms radiating from the axillary folds with extension onto the trunk (Figure 1). This discoloration was also present on the dorsal hands (Figure 2), upper neck and jawline, and lower abdomen. The lesions were nonpalpable and without erythema. Thyroid function test results and morning @entity701 levels were normal. Two adjacent 4-mm punch biopsies were performed on the right axillary skin, one consisted of unaffected skin and one of hyperpigmented skin. Figure 3 shows affected axillary skin with an interface @entity1909 and significant pigment dropout. There was no evidence of depositional process of substances such as heavy metals, drugs, or tattoo. There was no evidence of an actinic process. Differential diagnosis included @entity5105 ( @entity5105 ), fixed-drug reaction, or interface drug reaction. As the @entity1 was not taking any medications, the overall clinical and histologic impression was most consistent with @entity5105 . The @entity1 was started on a low-potency topical steroid twice a day to the affected areas. In addition, because the @entity1 was concerned about the cosmetic appearance of the @entity2117 , a 4% @entity8156 cream was started twice daily to the neck area.

title: A case of Cinderella: XXXX (ashy dermatosis or dermatosis cinecienta).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['upper neck spilling onto the jawline area']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['erythema dyschromicum perstans', 'EDP']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity5105 :: (MESH:D004890,Disease) :: ['erythema dyschromicum perstans']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of the present paper is to compare the clinicopathologic features of perforated @entity356 and the effect of surgical intervention. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-seven @entity1 with perforated @entity356 underwent surgical intervention in one medical center and were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathologic features included age, sex, surgical treatment, @entity1066 , @entity5 stage, and @entity5 characteristics. The end point of the study was compared to the survival of different treatments. @entity1 with @entity356 without perforation were enrolled randomly in a ratio of 1: 4 to compare the clinical features and long-term outcomes. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent emergency surgical intervention, including gastrectomy in 17 @entity1 , and simple closure of the perforation in 10 cases. There were no significant differences in the @entity1 ' characteristics except @entity5 status and staging (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively). The surgical mortality was also higher in those @entity1 who underwent simple closure (40% mortality rate, p = 0.047). The clinical features of 16 @entity1 with perforated @entity356 were compared to those of 64 @entity1 with @entity356 without perforation. The survival rate was not significantly different in these 2 groups and the median survival time was 17.3 months (p = 0.184). However, @entity1066 depth was significantly greater in @entity1 with perforation and 10 cases (62.5%) had layer of serosa involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Perforated @entity356 usually represented at advanced stages; but gastrectomy offered a better clinical outcome. The long-term outcome in @entity1 with perforated @entity356 was not inferior compared to those with @entity356 without perforation.

title: Outcome of perforated XXXX : twenty years experience of one institute.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer depths']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy and sensitivity of a single-field non-mydriatic digital fundus image interpreted by an ophthalmologist and performed within a primary care setting. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fundus photography using a digital non-mydriatic camera was performed on both eyes of 1,175 consecutive @entity1 as part of an executive health program. All fundus images included a 45   field of the posterior pole capturing the optic nerve and macular area. Diagnostic findings were recorded and appropriate recommendations for follow-up were made. @entity1 were then contacted to see whether appropriate follow-up was successfully completed and chart reviews were performed to determine biomicroscopic findings. RESULTS: Photographs were adequate in both eyes in 1,117 @entity1 (95.1%). Examination findings were normal in both eyes in 951 (85.1%) @entity1 . Abnormal findings were noted in either eye in 166 (14.9%) @entity1 . The most common abnormal findings were @entity1020 (57/166, 34.3%), @entity1781 (45/166, 27.1%), @entity101 (15/166, 9.0%), and @entity3193 (10/166, 6.0%). In all @entity1 with abnormal findings, routine follow-up ophthalmologic examination with an eye care specialist was indicated and none of the @entity1 required urgent attention. Sensitivity was found to be 87% and stratification was performed based on the initial diagnosis. False-positive results were from confounding diagnoses rather than true false-positives. CONCLUSION: Single-field non-mydriatic fundus photography is accurate and sensitive for screening @entity989 in a primary care setting.

title: Non-mydriatic single-field fundus photography for the screening of XXXX in an executive health clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve cupping']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal nevi']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disease']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal diseases']


abstract: @entity6995 is a well-known condition in late childhood characterized by @entity158 over the tibial tubercle. This condition usually resolves spontaneously at skeletal maturity. Few @entity1 develop @entity158 over the tibial tubercle. Radiological examination demonstrates a round regular ossification over the tubercle. Treatment is usually symptomatic, but occasionally surgical treatment is necessary, usually due to the development of a painful ossicle. This article reports our experience with refractory @entity6995 in 22 @entity1 . Most @entity1 were operated under local anesthesia. A midline longitudinal skin incision was used, followed by subperiosteal dissection of the osseous fragment. The knee was put in soft dressing. @entity1 were encouraged to resume daily activity immediately postoperatively. No wound complications were noted. All @entity1 returned to their previous level of physical activity within 12 weeks postoperatively. All but 1 were free of @entity158 on kneeling or direct pressure over the knee joint. Based on our experience, we devised a treatment algorithm. We believe that the key factors for successful surgical treatment are clear visualization of separation on lateral knee radiographic view and a clinical mobility positive test (firm grasping of the prominent part of the tubercle and its sliding movement). Our results are uniformly good; the only failure related to mistaken inclusion criteria where the lateral radiograph did not show a distinctly separated fragment.

title: Surgical treatment of residual XXXX in young adults: role of the mobile osseous fragment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6995 :: ('MESH:D055034', 'Disease') :: ['Osgood-Schlatter disease']

answer: @entity6995 :: (MESH:D055034,Disease) :: ['osgood-schlatter disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity14884 ( @entity14884 ) is an inherited clinical condition with increased joint elasticity in passive movements. In the general population, its frequency, which can be estimated through specific methods, such as the nine-point Beighton @entity8018 score (Beighton score) and the self-reported five-part questionnaire for identifying @entity8018 (five-part questionnaire), ranges from 10% to 20%. OBJECTIVES: To validate the Portuguese version of the five-part questionnaire and to determine its sensitivity and specificity when compared with the Beighton score for diagnosing @entity14884 . METHODS: The five-part questionnaire for identifying @entity8018 was translated into Portuguese and applied to 2,523 Brazilian university students. Then, a sample with 394 randomly selected students was evaluated by use of the Beighton score, aiming at establishing the @entity14884 diagnosis. Finally, the two methods were statistically compared. RESULTS: The @entity14884 frequency was 37.01% when using the five-part questionnaire, and 34% when using the Beighton score. Considering sex, the @entity14884 frequencies according to the five-part questionnaire and Beighton score were 43.54% and 44.26% in females, and 28.44% and 16% in males, respectively. The sensitivity of the self-reported questionnaire was 70.9% and its specificity was 77.4%, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.786. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14884 is frequent in Brazilian university students, and more common in @entity1 . The self-reported five-part questionnaire for @entity14884 identification, translated into Portuguese and validated, was an effective method when compared with the Beighton score for identifying @entity14884 .

title: Translation into Brazilian Portuguese and validation of the five-part questionnaire for identifying XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14884 :: ('MESH:D007593', 'Disease') :: ['JH', 'Joint hypermobility']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility']

answer: @entity8018 :: (MESH:C536196,Disease) :: ['hypermobility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 on active surveillance for clinical stage I @entity10711 ( @entity10711 ) undergo frequent computed tomography imaging to avoid delayed detection of disease. Irradiation from frequent imaging and chemotherapy upon progression may place @entity1 at increased risk of a second @entity5 . In this study, the authors sought to identify such an increased risk among @entity1 who chose initial surveillance for @entity10711 . METHODS: The authors utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program and stratified the cohort based on whether they underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). A propensity-score model was used to adjust for covariates, and a competing-risks regression analysis was performed to estimate cumulative incidence rates of second @entity5 . Incidence risk ratios were predicted by using the cumulative incidence rates per 10,000 @entity1 . RESULTS: There was no statistically significant increase in the incidence of a secondary @entity5 for the entire cohort of testicular @entity5 survivors. However, when the analysis was restricted to @entity1 with clinical stage I @entity10711 , nonsurgical management only in those aged >45 years was an independent predictor of developing a second @entity5 . For every 10,000 @entity1 with stage I @entity10711 who chose to forego RPLND, an absolute excess incidence of 22, 52, and 73 secondary @entity5 would be diagnosed at 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that @entity1 aged >45 years who forego RPLND for T1 or T2 clinical stage I @entity10711 are more likely to develop a second @entity5 than those who do undergo RPLND. Nonsurgical management of @entity10711 may be associated with more long-term health risks than primary RPLND.

title: XXXX among @entity5 survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor', 'NSGCT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Secondary malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 on active surveillance for clinical stage I @entity10711 ( @entity10711 ) undergo frequent computed tomography imaging to avoid delayed detection of disease. Irradiation from frequent imaging and chemotherapy upon progression may place @entity1 at increased risk of a second @entity5 . In this study, the authors sought to identify such an increased risk among @entity1 who chose initial surveillance for @entity10711 . METHODS: The authors utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program and stratified the cohort based on whether they underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). A propensity-score model was used to adjust for covariates, and a competing-risks regression analysis was performed to estimate cumulative incidence rates of second @entity5 . Incidence risk ratios were predicted by using the cumulative incidence rates per 10,000 @entity1 . RESULTS: There was no statistically significant increase in the incidence of a secondary @entity5 for the entire cohort of testicular @entity5 survivors. However, when the analysis was restricted to @entity1 with clinical stage I @entity10711 , nonsurgical management only in those aged >45 years was an independent predictor of developing a second @entity5 . For every 10,000 @entity1 with stage I @entity10711 who chose to forego RPLND, an absolute excess incidence of 22, 52, and 73 secondary @entity5 would be diagnosed at 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that @entity1 aged >45 years who forego RPLND for T1 or T2 clinical stage I @entity10711 are more likely to develop a second @entity5 than those who do undergo RPLND. Nonsurgical management of @entity10711 may be associated with more long-term health risks than primary RPLND.

title: @entity5 among XXXX survivors.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The underlying pathology of @entity2335 is cellular and vascular damage followed by increased @entity82 and @entity32 . This study was to determine if neovascular-promoting therapy could reduce the pathological changes in the bladder wall associated with pelvic irradiation. METHODS: Adult female Lewis inbred @entity35 were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy directed at their bladder. Four weeks later, 30 @entity35 were divided equally into one of three treatment groups for bladder wall injection of: (1) PBS (Control); (2) PBS containing 50 ng vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity6667 (165)); or (3) PBS containing 1   10(6) @entity35 endothelial cells (EC). Age-matched non-irradiated @entity35 (n = 10) served as untreated controls. At either 1.5 or 3 months following radiation, bladders were analyzed for collagen deposition using Masson's Trichrome staining of collagen and muscle and vascularization using @entity2880 factor staining of ECs. Quantitative-PCR was used to examine markers of angiogenesis, @entity519 , and @entity82 . RESULTS: The collagen/muscle ratio was doubled in the control group 3 months post-irradiation (P < 0.05 vs. non-irradiated bladders). Both ECs and @entity6667 inhibited increases in collagen content (P < 0.05 vs. control). Similarly, irradiation reduced bladder wall vessel counts compared to non-irradiated controls (P < 0.05) and both ECs and @entity6667 maintained vessel counts similar to that of non-irradiated controls (P < 0.05). PCR analysis showed a higher expression of neovascular markers ( @entity18518 , @entity12186 ) in the EC and @entity6667 groups compared to non-irradiated controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis therapy may be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of the underlying pathology of @entity2335 .

title: Vascular therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['radiation cystitis']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['Von Willebrand']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['radiation cystitis']