abstract: @entity43 is the deadliest gynaecological disease because of the high mortality rate and there is no any symptom in @entity5 early stage. It was often the @entity5 period when @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity43 and thus delays a good opportunity of treatment. The current common method for detecting @entity43 is blood testing for analyzing the @entity5 marker CA-125 of serum. However, specificity and sensitivity of CA-125 are insufficient for early detection. Therefore, it has become an urgent issue to look for an efficient method which precisely detects the @entity5 markers for @entity43 . This study aims to find the target genes of @entity43 by different algorithms of information science. Feature selection and decision tree were applied to analyze 9600 @entity43 -related genes. After screening the target genes, candidate genes will be analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software to create a genetic pathway model and to understand the interactive relationship in the different pathological stages of @entity43 . Finally, this research found 9 oncogenes associated with @entity43 and some genes had not been discovered in previous studies. This system will assist medical staffs in diagnosis and treatment at @entity5 early stage and improve the @entity1 's survival.

title: A Decision Tree Based Classifier to Analyze XXXX Ovarian Cancer cDNA Microarray Datasets.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'terminal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1737 may affect any of the six extra-ocular muscles, masquerading as any type of ocular motor pathology. The frequency of involvement of each muscle is not well established in the medical literature. This study was designed to determine whether a specific muscle or combination of muscles tends to be predominantly affected. This retrospective review included 30 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity1737 who had extra-ocular muscle involvement with @entity892 at presentation. The diagnosis was confirmed by at least one of the following tests: Tensilon test, @entity934 receptor antibodies, @entity704 on chest CT scan, or suggestive electromyography. Frequency of involvement of each muscle in this cohort was inferior oblique 19 (63.3%), lateral rectus nine (30%), superior rectus four (13.3%), inferior rectus six (20%), medial rectus four (13.3%), and superior oblique three (10%). The inferior oblique was involved more often than any other muscle (p<0.01). Eighteen (60%) @entity1 had @entity1736 , six (20%) of whom had bilateral @entity1736 . Diagnosing @entity1737 can be difficult, because the disease may mimic every pupil-sparing pattern of ocular misalignment. In addition @entity892 caused by paresis of the inferior oblique muscle is rarely encountered (other than as a part of @entity2895 ). Hence, when a @entity1 presents with @entity892 resulting from an isolated @entity912 , @entity8491 etiology should be highly suspected.

title: Inferior oblique muscle paresis as a sign of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis', 'Myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['vertical diplopia', 'diplopia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['inferior oblique palsy']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: Normal red cells were incubated in the absence of @entity413 to develop a system in which total @entity855 ( @entity855 ) turnover could be assessed. After 1 hr, the @entity38398 pool had been completely consumed. Thereafter, the metabolism of @entity6297 ( @entity6298 ) to @entity2388 and @entity880 was the sole significant source of @entity855 synthesis.10(-3)M @entity33168 , which did not enter the cells, diminished @entity855 utilization by more than 50%. This could be only partially attributed to the inhibition by @entity920 of residual acylation and cation pumping, which were already reduced by @entity413 depletion. Other membrane enzymes, which presumably function in the maintenance of membrane integrity, must, therefore, use a significant portion of erythrocyte @entity855 . The behavior of @entity413 -depleted red cells with respect to cation transport was complex. The addition of @entity7832 did not decrease @entity855 utilization in these red cells. Ouabain inhibitable @entity972 influx was nearly normal after @entity38398 depletion, but total @entity972 influx was decreased. In contrast, the ouabain inhibitable @entity1372 efflux was markedly reduced after @entity38398 depletion, although the concentration of @entity855 was 70% of normal. The dissociation of monovalent cation pumping suggests that the energy for active @entity1372 transport is derived from a specific source (such as the @entity855 produced by the @entity16055 kinase reaction) distinct from that for @entity972 transport.

title: Energy metabolism in human erythrocytes. II. Effects of XXXX depletion.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity6297 :: ('MESH:D019794', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-diphosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity16055 :: ('CHEBI:61304', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasingly, the diagnostic codes from administrative claims data are being used as clinical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from the @entity65 ( @entity65 ) were used to compare event rates and risk factor associations between adjudicated hospitalized cardiovascular events and claims-based methods of defining events. The outcomes of @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity64 , and @entity712 were defined in 3 ways: the @entity65 adjudicated event ( @entity65 [adj]), selected International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition diagnostic codes only in the primary position for Medicare claims data from the Center for Medicare _ Medicaid Services (CMS[1st]), and the same selected diagnostic codes in any position (CMS[any]). Conventional claims-based methods of defining events had high positive predictive values but low sensitivities. For instance, the positive predictive value of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition code 410.x1 for a new @entity583 in the first position was 90.6%, but this code identified only 53.8% of incident MIs. The observed event rates for CMS[1st] were low. For @entity583 , the incidence was 14.9 events per 1000 @entity1 -years for @entity65 [adj] @entity583 , 8.6 for CMS[1st] @entity583 , and 12.2 for CMS[any] @entity583 . In general, @entity65 risk factor associations were similar across the 3 methods of defining events. Indeed, traditional @entity65 risk factors were also associated with all first hospitalizations not resulting from an @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of diagnostic codes from claims data as clinical events, especially when restricted to primary diagnoses, leads to an underestimation of event rates. Additionally, claims-based events data represent a composite end point that includes the outcome of interest and selected (misclassified) nonevent hospitalizations.

title: Study of Cardiovascular Health Outcomes in the Era of Claims Data: The XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CHS', 'cardiovascular disease', 'Cardiovascular Health Study']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Health Study']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although guidelines suggest that older adults engage in regular physical activity (PA) to reduce @entity65 ( @entity65 ), surprisingly few studies have evaluated this relationship, especially in those >75 years. In addition, with advancing age the ability to perform some types of PA might decrease, making light-moderate exercise such as walking especially important to meet recommendations. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective cohort analysis among 4207 US @entity1 and @entity1 of a mean age of 73 years (standard deviation=6) who were free of @entity65 at baseline in the Cardiovascular Health Study were followed from 1989 to 1999. PA was assessed and cumulatively updated over time to minimize misclassification and assess the long-term effects of habitual activity. Walking (pace, blocks, combined walking score) was updated annually from baseline through 1999. Leisure-time activity and exercise intensity were updated at baseline, 1992, and 1996. Incident @entity65 (fatal or nonfatal @entity583 , @entity204 , or @entity64 ) was adjudicated using medical records. During 41   995 @entity1 -years of follow-up, 1182 @entity65 events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, greater PA was inversely associated with @entity301 , @entity64 (especially @entity385 ), and total @entity65 , even in those >= 75 years. Walking pace, distance, and overall walking score, leisure-time activity, and exercise intensity were each associated with lower risk. For example, in comparison with a walking pace <2 mph, those that habitually walked at a pace >3 mph had a lower risk of @entity301 (0.50; confidence interval, 0.38-0.67), @entity64 (0.47; confidence interval, 033-0.66), and @entity65 (0.50; confidence interval, 0.40-0.62). CONCLUSIONS: These data provide empirical evidence supporting PA recommendations, in particular, walking, to reduce the incidence of @entity65 among older adults.

title: Physical Activity and Risk of @entity301 and XXXX in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['coronary death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although guidelines suggest that older adults engage in regular physical activity (PA) to reduce @entity65 ( @entity65 ), surprisingly few studies have evaluated this relationship, especially in those >75 years. In addition, with advancing age the ability to perform some types of PA might decrease, making light-moderate exercise such as walking especially important to meet recommendations. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective cohort analysis among 4207 US @entity1 and @entity1 of a mean age of 73 years (standard deviation=6) who were free of @entity65 at baseline in the Cardiovascular Health Study were followed from 1989 to 1999. PA was assessed and cumulatively updated over time to minimize misclassification and assess the long-term effects of habitual activity. Walking (pace, blocks, combined walking score) was updated annually from baseline through 1999. Leisure-time activity and exercise intensity were updated at baseline, 1992, and 1996. Incident @entity65 (fatal or nonfatal @entity583 , @entity204 , or @entity64 ) was adjudicated using medical records. During 41   995 @entity1 -years of follow-up, 1182 @entity65 events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, greater PA was inversely associated with @entity301 , @entity64 (especially @entity385 ), and total @entity65 , even in those >= 75 years. Walking pace, distance, and overall walking score, leisure-time activity, and exercise intensity were each associated with lower risk. For example, in comparison with a walking pace <2 mph, those that habitually walked at a pace >3 mph had a lower risk of @entity301 (0.50; confidence interval, 0.38-0.67), @entity64 (0.47; confidence interval, 033-0.66), and @entity65 (0.50; confidence interval, 0.40-0.62). CONCLUSIONS: These data provide empirical evidence supporting PA recommendations, in particular, walking, to reduce the incidence of @entity65 among older adults.

title: Physical Activity and Risk of XXXX and @entity64 in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['Coronary Heart Disease']


abstract: @entity2167 (AER) are a core feature of @entity161 and a key component of social @entity73 . @entity2167 are tied behaviorally to impaired ability to interpret tonal ("prosodic") features of speech that normally convey emotion, such as modulations in base pitch ( @entity72247 ) and pitch variability (F0SD). These modulations can be recreated using synthetic frequency modulated (FM) tones that mimic the prosodic contours of specific emotional stimuli. The present study investigates neural mechanisms underlying @entity1650 using a combined event-related potential/resting-state functional connectivity (rsfMRI) approach in 84 @entity161 / @entity914 @entity1 and 66 healthy comparison subjects. Mismatch negativity (MMN) to FM tones was assessed in 43 @entity1 /36 controls. rsfMRI between auditory cortex and medial temporal (insula) regions was assessed in 55 @entity1 /51 controls. The relationship between AER, MMN to FM tones, and rsfMRI was assessed in the subset who performed all assessments (14 @entity1 , 21 controls). As predicted, @entity1 showed robust reductions in MMN across FM stimulus type (p = 0.005), particularly to modulations in F0M, along with impairments in AER and FM tone discrimination. MMN source analysis indicated @entity2167 , whereas rsfMRI analyses showed reduced auditory-insula connectivity. MMN to FM tones and functional connectivity together accounted for    50% of the variance in AER performance across individuals. These findings demonstrate that impaired preattentive processing of tonal information and reduced auditory-insula connectivity are critical determinants of social @entity73 in @entity161 , and thus represent key targets for future research and clinical intervention. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: @entity161 @entity1 @entity51 in the ability to infer emotion based upon tone of voice [auditory emotion recognition (AER)] that @entity73 in social cognition and global functional outcome. This study evaluated neural substrates of @entity1650 in @entity161 using a combined event-related potential/resting-state fMRI approach. @entity1 showed impaired mismatch negativity response to emotionally relevant frequency modulated tones along with impaired functional connectivity between auditory and medial temporal (anterior insula) cortex. These deficits contributed in parallel to @entity1650 and accounted for    50% of variance in AER performance. Overall, these findings demonstrate the importance of both @entity2167 and @entity1650 in the pathophysiology of social @entity73 in @entity161 .

title: Neural Substrates of Auditory Emotion Recognition Deficits in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['dipoles in both auditory cortex and anterior insula', 'auditory-level dysfunction', 'AER deficits', 'Deficits in auditory emotion recognition']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'drive impairments', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['impaired AER', 'impaired auditory/insula connectivity']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity72247 :: ('p|SUB|F|0|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['F0M']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['show deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8619 ( @entity8619 ) is a unique disorder affecting generally the older age group. Numerous studies have been done on various aspects of @entity8619 such as pathogenesis, rate of malignant transformation, etc. However, very few studies are available with respect to clinical features especially association of @entity2117 and @entity8619 . This study aims at studying the clinical aspects of @entity8619 and study the association between @entity2117 and @entity8619 in a south Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 58 @entity1 with @entity8619 who attended the outpatient department of our institution were included in the study and a complete history, followed by thorough intraoral examination was done. All the data were recorded and assessed for statistical analysis using SPSS software. RESULTS: We found that the male to female ratio affected with @entity8619 was 1:1 and the most common form of @entity8619 that was seen was the reticular subtype. Also, buccal mucosa was the most common affected site and more than 60% @entity1 had @entity2117 associated with the site affected by @entity8619 . We found a statistically significant relation between the reticular type of @entity8619 and the older age group (51-70 years) with @entity2117 . CONCLUSION: Although further studies are required to say anything conclusively, post-inflammatory changes occurring the mucosa due to @entity8619 could be a cause for @entity2117 in the sites affected.

title: A clinical study on oral lichen planus with special emphasis on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['OLP', 'Oral lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

answer: @entity2117 :: (MESH:D017495,Disease) :: ['hyperpigmentation']


abstract: Systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation, important in perfusing potentially @entity63 regions distal to @entity3885 , depends on driving pressure between an upstream site in intrathoracic systemic arterial network and pulmonary vascular bed. The reported increase of @entity8995 in @entity712 may be due to a reduction of this driving pressure. We measured upstream element for driving pressure for systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation by raising pulmonary venous pressure ( @entity2286 ) until the systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation ceased. We assumed that this was the same as upstream pressure when there was flow. Systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation was measured in left lower lobes (LLL) of 21 anesthetized open-chest @entity235 from volume of blood that overflowed from pump-perfused (90-110 ml/min) pulmonary vascular circuit of LLL and was corrected by any changes of LLL fluid volume (wt). Systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation upstream pressure was linearly related to systemic arterial pressure (slope = 0.24, R = 0.845). Increasing @entity2286 caused a progressive reduction of systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation, which stopped when @entity2286 was 44 +/- 6 cm @entity2507 and pulmonary arterial pressure was 46 +/- 7 cm @entity2507 . A further increase in @entity2286 reversed systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation with blood flowing back into the @entity235 . When net systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation by the overflow and weight change technique was zero a small bidirectional flow (3.7 +/- 2.9 ml.min-1 X 100 g dry lobe wt-1) was detected by dispersion of tagged red blood cells that had been injected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Upstream pressure for systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infarctions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular obstructions']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Between 1970 and 1983, resection arthroplasty was done as a salvage procedure for twenty-eight knees (twenty-six @entity1 ) with @entity281 after total arthroplasty. Eleven @entity1 had multiarticular @entity309 ; fourteen, @entity571 ; and one, multiarticular @entity1109 . Systemic signs of @entity281 were eliminated in all @entity1 and local signs, in 89 per cent of the @entity1 . After resection arthroplasty alone, fifteen @entity1 were able to walk independently. Six @entity1 with monoarticular @entity571 who found the resection arthroplasty to be unacceptable had a successful secondary arthrodesis. In three @entity1 a spontaneous bone fusion developed after the resection, with the knee in a good position. Two @entity1 who were unable to walk before the resection arthroplasty were still unable to do so postoperatively. Neither the @entity1 's disease nor the type of prosthesis that had been used was a reliable predictor of success of the resection arthroplasty. The @entity1 who had had the most severe disability before the total knee arthroplasty were most likely to be satisfied. @entity1 who had had @entity717 were more likely to find the results of resection arthroplasty to be unsatisfactory.

title: Resection arthroplasty as a salvage procedure for a knee with XXXX after a total arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['less disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: A retrospective analysis was done of the rates of local recurrence in eighty-one @entity1 in whom soft-tissue @entity242 in the extremities and the trunk were treated by surgery only. The minimum length of follow-up was six years or until @entity204 . The surgical margin was wide in all @entity1 according to the definition of the surgical staging system of Enneking et al., but we defined three types of wide margin. None of them included a whole anatomical compartment, so that the radical resection, as defined by the surgical staging system, was excluded from the study. The crude rates of local recurrence in the three subgroups that were studied differed significantly. There was no correlation between the rate of local recurrence and the histological grade of @entity5 . Our findings suggest that the subclassification of the wide margin that we have applied to the surgical staging system of Enneking et al. is of value. The low rates of recurrence (less than 10 per cent) for @entity75 , and intramuscular lesions that were treated by primary myectomy, were comparable with those of radical resections and usually were followed by minor loss of function. The higher rate of recurrence (30 per cent) for the third subgroup, which included @entity5 that were not treated by myectomy, was comparable with the rates found in other studies.

title: Surgical margins for soft-tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['deep tumors', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: The effects of @entity4485 (PB) anesthesia on arterial pressure, heart rate, and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) were studied in chronically instrumented intact @entity95 and @entity95 with sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation (SAD). In intact @entity95 , PB caused an initial decrease in mean arterial pressure from 82 +/- 2 to 42 +/- 5 mm Hg, which then returned to the control level within 5 min. @entity8 increased by 144 +/- 19% in response to @entity551 induced by PB then also returned to the control level within 5 min. Heart rate increased by 56 +/- 10 from 244 +/- 11 beats/min and remained elevated for 60 min. Sensitivities of baroreflex control of heart rate and @entity8 were markedly impaired by PB anesthesia. In SAD @entity95 , PB caused @entity551 (-46 +/- 5 mm Hg), which lasted for 15 min. @entity8 decreased initially by 80 +/- 5%, then gradually returned toward the control level. However, at 45 min after injection of PB, @entity8 was still depressed significantly. @entity591 induced by PB was abolished by SAD, i.e. heart rate actually decreased by 53 +/- 10 beats/min. These results suggest that in intact @entity95 steady-state effects of PB were: no change in mean arterial pressure or @entity8 , and @entity591 , all due to baroreflex compensation. However, in the absence of baroreflex compensation, PB elicited @entity551 , @entity1168 , and a decrease in @entity8 .

title: Effect of pentobarbital anesthesia on renal sympathetic nerve activity in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal nerve activity', 'RNA']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Tachycardia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: High-dose (1-3.5 g/m2) @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) followed by whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) has consistently improved length of survival in @entity149 ( @entity149 ), but the prognosis remains dismal. To optimize and enhance the dose intensity of @entity1500 , we applied @entity1500 at 8 g/m2 to 20 @entity1 with @entity149 . In an effort to lower the risk of @entity2359 treatment sequelae, the WBRT dose was reduced to 30 Gy in cases of complete remission after @entity1500 therapy. Further, omission of WBRT and administration of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) were undertaken in 3 older @entity1 . The overall response rate to the @entity1500 therapy was 83%. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 54 months with a median overall survival (OS) of 57 months. Achieving a complete response after @entity1500 therapy was significantly associated with a longer PFS. Late @entity2359 was encountered in 4 (50%) of 8 @entity1 who were aged 60 years or older and received WBRT, but in none of 12 @entity1 who were aged less than 60 years or avoided WBRT. All older @entity1 who underwent SRT sustained complete remission without a @entity66 . Intensifying the @entity1500 dosage to 8 g/m2 appears more promising in comparison to results reported with @entity1500 doses of 1-3.5 g/m2. In younger @entity1 , the establishment of complete remission by intensified @entity1500 therapy and subsequent WBRT with a relatively lower dose could promise durable @entity5 remission with an acceptable @entity2359 . In older @entity1 , WBRT should be avoided to sustain a meaningful survival, and SRT may provide a valid strategy in terms of enhancing @entity66 control without undue risk.

title: Long-term remission of XXXX by intensified methotrexate chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dementing disease', 'local disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL', 'primary central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['primary central nervous system lymphoma']


abstract: When vaccines are administered to groups, the physical reactions of the recipients may be similar, causing a form of mass reaction, the mechanism for which is the same as that for mass reactions from other causes. These phenomena have been categorised as mass @entity221 (MPI), and have been defined as the collective occurrence of a constellation of symptoms suggestive of organic illness but without an identified cause in a group of @entity1 with shared beliefs about the cause of the symptom(s). A review of the literature shows that such outbreaks have been reported in differing cultural and environmental settings including developing and industrialised countries, in the work place, on public transport, in schools, and the military. The perceived threats have been against agents such as @entity6766 , fire and toxic gases. Whatever the place or perceived threat, the response seems to be similar. The symptoms generally included @entity10 , @entity1296 , @entity425 , and @entity909 . Once under way, MPIs are not easy to stop. Incidents reported in the literature show that they can quickly gather momentum and can be amplified by the press who disseminate information rapidly, escalating the events. Management of such mass events can be extremely difficult. Should the public health official in charge continue to try and determine the cause, or should this @entity1 call off the entire investigation? It is suggested here that once vaccines are identified as a probable cause of the phenomenon, a dismissive approach may actually be harmful. Unless the spokesperson has already earned a high level of trust, the public are not likely to be convinced easily that nothing was wrong with the vaccine until it has been tested. An increased awareness of MPIs on the part of organisers of future mass vaccination campaigns seems appropriate. Immunisation managers should be aware that mass immunisation campaigns could generate such mass reactions. It is therefore essential that surveillance/reporting systems for reporting adverse events be improved before such campaigns. A mass campaign using a @entity14333 vaccine should be accompanied by a surveillance system capable of distinguishing between multiple cases of conventionally understood vaccine reactions and outbreaks of mass @entity221 .

title: Mass XXXX after vaccination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food poisoning']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['psychogenic illness']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['psychogenic illness']


abstract: The findings of autopsies performed on 35 @entity1201 subjects in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, between January 1981 and December 1985 are presented. This is the first report based on autopsy findings from Malaysia. The @entity1 were elderly subjects with a mean age of 74 years. Sixty-six percent had @entity1203 . None had active @entity272 . The most common cause of @entity204 was @entity281 , particularly @entity3127 . @entity378 was noted in 25% of the cases. The other important causes of @entity204 included cardiac and @entity177 . @entity8 were evident in 71% of the cases, and the most common pathology was @entity1986 . Generalized @entity2783 complicated six (17%) @entity1 .

title: Autopsy findings in 35 cases of XXXX in Malaysia.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic infection']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['lepromatous leprosy']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: Comprehension of connected language as assessed by the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) was studied in 17 @entity1 with left hemisphere lesions (LL) and 11 with right hemisphere lesions (RL). LL @entity1 's significantly lower performance on several subtests than left controls (LC) matched by age, sex, race, and social class appeared to be related to the memory demands of these subtests rather than the limited syntactic elements assessed by the @entity1062 . LL subjects requested significantly more command repetitions than control or RL subjects and when a repetition was not requested LL subjects often responded with immediacy. Although RL @entity1 tended to perform lower than right matched controls (RC), these differences were not significant nor readily related to either the memory or specific linguistic structures assessed. RL subjects required fewer command repetitions than LL subjects and exhibited a significantly greater frequency of immediate responses than controls or LL subjects. While based on few @entity1 , a trend for LL @entity1 with retrorolandic lesions to perform more poorly than those with @entity75 was suggested. No systematic difference in performance was apparent for @entity1 with left cortical vs. left @entity75 or among discrete sites of lesions within the right hemisphere. @entity1 with left lesions prior to 1 year of age performed no better and, in several instances, significantly poorer than LL @entity1 sustaining lesions after 1 year of age. Among RL subjects, those sustaining lesions after 1 year of age had greater difficulty than those with lesion onset before 1 year of age, especially on linguistic elements which seemed to be dependent upon visual spatial properties. Further studies are needed to evaluate the comprehension of more complex linguistic structures among @entity1 with unilateral @entity75 as well as to study the role of more basic factors such as memory and attention in explaining the present findings.

title: Unilateral @entity75 in childhood: performance on the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical lesions', 'brain lesions', 'left prerolandic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['Revised Token Test', 'RTT']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['Revised Token Test']


abstract: Comprehension of connected language as assessed by the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) was studied in 17 @entity1 with left hemisphere lesions (LL) and 11 with right hemisphere lesions (RL). LL @entity1 's significantly lower performance on several subtests than left controls (LC) matched by age, sex, race, and social class appeared to be related to the memory demands of these subtests rather than the limited syntactic elements assessed by the @entity1062 . LL subjects requested significantly more command repetitions than control or RL subjects and when a repetition was not requested LL subjects often responded with immediacy. Although RL @entity1 tended to perform lower than right matched controls (RC), these differences were not significant nor readily related to either the memory or specific linguistic structures assessed. RL subjects required fewer command repetitions than LL subjects and exhibited a significantly greater frequency of immediate responses than controls or LL subjects. While based on few @entity1 , a trend for LL @entity1 with retrorolandic lesions to perform more poorly than those with @entity75 was suggested. No systematic difference in performance was apparent for @entity1 with left cortical vs. left @entity75 or among discrete sites of lesions within the right hemisphere. @entity1 with left lesions prior to 1 year of age performed no better and, in several instances, significantly poorer than LL @entity1 sustaining lesions after 1 year of age. Among RL subjects, those sustaining lesions after 1 year of age had greater difficulty than those with lesion onset before 1 year of age, especially on linguistic elements which seemed to be dependent upon visual spatial properties. Further studies are needed to evaluate the comprehension of more complex linguistic structures among @entity1 with unilateral @entity75 as well as to study the role of more basic factors such as memory and attention in explaining the present findings.

title: Unilateral XXXX in childhood: performance on the @entity1062 .

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain lesions']


abstract: Using software programs provided by Coulter Electronics, we have developed an analysis system that would address problems encountered in DNA flow cytometric analysis of heterogeneous @entity5 populations, especially where the G2-M phase of the diploid population contaminates the S-phase of the aneuploid population, causing an overestimation of cells in S phase. We used the PARA 1 and PARA 2 programs in concert and developed three analysis models: (a) for @entity5 ; (b) for @entity5 with overlapping populations; and (c) for near-diploid @entity5 . Our purpose in this paper is to determine the limits and reproducibility of this analysis system with an emphasis on @entity5 with overlapping populations. Aliquots of frozen, pulverized @entity0 tissue (50 to 100 mg), routinely used in the @entity134 receptor assay, were used for routine flow cytometric measurement of the DNA index and S-phase fraction. To determine the accuracy of the analysis when overlapping populations were present, we mixed an @entity0 cell line with @entity1 blood lymphocytes in varying ratios. @entity35 % mixture of aneuploid cells, the lowest mixture tested, still allowed analysis results within 95% confidence limits. Reproducibility of the system was assessed on frozen @entity0 tissue by intra- and interassay variation studies measuring cell cycle parameters and @entity44260 peak width. Within any sample the amount of variation (+/- 2 SD) for the G0-G1 value was +/- 4.40 for intraassay and +/- 4.60 for interassay, and the amount of variation for S phase was +/- 3.0 and +/- 3.2 for intraassay and interassay, respectively. There was no difference in the variation of estimates for G2-M (+/- 2.6 for both intra- and interassay). In this study, the @entity44260 peak greater than 5% was defined as unacceptable for accurate analysis, with the conclusion that S-phase fractions in @entity5 can be routinely analyzed in @entity1 @entity0 biopsies despite @entity5 cell heterogeneity.

title: Evaluation of a modeling system for S-phase estimation in XXXX by flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor', 'aneuploid breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid tumors', 'tumor', 'solid tumor', 'euploid tumors', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity44260 :: ('MESH:C564173', 'Disease') :: ['coefficient of variation of the G0-G1']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity5772 are relatively rare @entity5 , which may be treated using several modalities. We reviewed the results of @entity3201 wire implants performed at the Royal Berkshire Hospital between 1994 and 2000. 24 @entity1 had iridium wire implants as primary treatment for @entity5 . Four @entity1 were treated after excision biopsy with close or involved margins. One @entity1 was treated for a recurrence after surgery. The median age at treatment was 61 years. There were 18 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 . 21 @entity1 had @entity5 of the tongue and eight of the floor of mouth. 13 had T1 @entity5 and 11 had T2a @entity5 . The median follow up was 42 months. The primary @entity5 was controlled in 22 of the 29 @entity1 by the implant alone. Of the seven @entity1 with local recurrence four were successfully salvaged with surgery. The acturarial 2 year survival rates were: overall survival 81%, disease specific survival 91%, local recurrence free survival 85% and nodal relapse free survival 76%. The recorded complication rate was low, one @entity1 developing radionecrosis of the mandible at 7 years post implant. We believe these results show that brachytherapy remains a treatment option for @entity1 with early @entity5772 with a high rate of local control and low @entity137 .

title: XXXX -192 implantation for T1 and T2a @entity5772 : retrospective study of the results of treatment at the Royal Berkshire Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours', 'tongue and floor of mouth cancers']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['tongue carcinoma', 'Carcinomas of the tongue and floor of mouth']

answer: @entity3201 :: (MESH:D007495,Chemical) :: ['Iridium']


abstract: @entity5772 are relatively rare @entity5 , which may be treated using several modalities. We reviewed the results of @entity3201 wire implants performed at the Royal Berkshire Hospital between 1994 and 2000. 24 @entity1 had iridium wire implants as primary treatment for @entity5 . Four @entity1 were treated after excision biopsy with close or involved margins. One @entity1 was treated for a recurrence after surgery. The median age at treatment was 61 years. There were 18 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 . 21 @entity1 had @entity5 of the tongue and eight of the floor of mouth. 13 had T1 @entity5 and 11 had T2a @entity5 . The median follow up was 42 months. The primary @entity5 was controlled in 22 of the 29 @entity1 by the implant alone. Of the seven @entity1 with local recurrence four were successfully salvaged with surgery. The acturarial 2 year survival rates were: overall survival 81%, disease specific survival 91%, local recurrence free survival 85% and nodal relapse free survival 76%. The recorded complication rate was low, one @entity1 developing radionecrosis of the mandible at 7 years post implant. We believe these results show that brachytherapy remains a treatment option for @entity1 with early @entity5772 with a high rate of local control and low @entity137 .

title: @entity3201 -192 implantation for T1 and T2a XXXX : retrospective study of the results of treatment at the Royal Berkshire Hospital.

answer: @entity5772 :: (MESH:D014062,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the tongue and floor of mouth']


abstract: The reproducibility of motor unit twitches obtained using spike-triggered averaging (STA) was examined in the @entity1 first dorsal interosseus. For each motor unit (30 total) a series of STA twitches was derived using a 30 s averaging window. Within each averaging window, eight independent measures characterizing motor unit discharge and whole muscle force properties were recorded. These included the mean and standard deviation (S.D.) of the interspike interval (ISI), the mean and S.D. of pre and post-trigger ISIs used in averaging, and mean and S.D. of whole muscle force. To determine the relative importance of the independent variables on twitch reproducibility, the variables were used in a multiple regression analysis performed on STA twitch peak force (PF), @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and time of @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ). It was found that PF was significantly correlated to the mean and S.D. of whole muscle force, and mean post-trigger ISI. @entity1054 was significantly correlated to the S.D. of the post-trigger ISI and mean whole muscle force while @entity1547 was related to the mean and S.D. of the pre-trigger ISI and the mean post-trigger ISI. It was concluded that by minimizing whole muscle force variability and the mean and S.D. of acceptable ISIs used in the STA process, the reproducibility of the STA twitch is improved.

title: Factors affecting the stability of the spike-triggered averaged force in the XXXX first dorsal interosseus muscle.

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['HFD', 'half-force decay']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to peak force']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Permanent @entity1563 produces time-dependent changes in surviving subendocardial cellular properties. We compared the functional alterations in Purkinje (P) and ventricular muscle (VM) activation early (24 hr) and late (4 weeks or greater) after permanent @entity1563 in an in vitro preparation of @entity235 papillary muscle. High-density extracellular (1 to 2 mm resolution) and selected intracellular recordings were made in five animals early and seven animals late during stimulation of a free-running P strand. Activation patterns of P and VM layers from @entity63 and unaffected papillary muscles were compared in the same animal. Average P layer conduction velocity was determined in normal and @entity63 regions with the use of a linear array of recording and stimulating electrodes. Purkinje activation was altered little in the early phase of @entity1188 , while healing was associated with a generalized 25% reduction in P layer conduction velocity and localized block and fragmentation of P waveforms. Intracellular recordings at sites of nonsynchronous P activation revealed electrotonic interaction between cell groups. At 24 hr, small groups of VM were present but with abnormal activation patterns in regions of @entity39 with fragmented and delayed extracellular waveforms produced by partially uncoupled groups of cells. Local delay and block could be modulated by rate and site of stimulation. After healing, VM activation abruptly stopped at the @entity227 , marked by a characteristic "end potential." These studies demonstrate important differences in the functional attributes of the P and VM layers studied early and late after @entity1563 . Alterations in cell-to-cell relationships are likely very important in determining abnormalities of activation in both settings.

title: Alterations in endocardial activation of the XXXX papillary muscle early and late after myocardial infarction.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual infarct border']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Ninety-five specimens of 14 freshwater fish species from small streams in the Kuala Terengganu district and the Lake Kenyir Reservoir, Malaysia, were surveyed for @entity281 . Six fish species proved to be @entity281 . In all of these fishes Goussia species were found in unsporulated and semisporulated stages. O  cysts of four species inhabiting the intestinal epithelium became sporulated in tap-water within 24 hours. In two fish species sporulation failed and only unsporulated o  cysts were recorded in the intestine. Three of the intestinal species finishing sporulation proved to be new to science and were described as Goussia malayensis @entity8891 ., G. bettae @entity8891 . and G. pogonognathi @entity8891 . from Apocheilus panchax, Betta splendens and Hemirhamphodon pogonognatus, respectively. The fourth species, found in Trichogaster pectoralis, was identified as G. trichogasteri Sz  kely _ Moln  r, 1992, a species known from aquarium-cultured T. trichopterus.

title: A survey of XXXX of freshwater fishes of Peninsular Malaysia, with descriptions of three species of Goussia Labb  , 1896 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae).

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected with apicomplexans belonging to the genus Goussia', 'coccidian infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['coccidian infections']


abstract: A 29-year-old nullipara was admitted at 31 weeks' gestation because of @entity6064 . She noted gradually @entity2011 , severe thirst, malaise, @entity390 and @entity448 . A @entity1949 test and administration of aqueous vasopressin confirmed the diagnosis of @entity3040 . At 33 weeks' gestation, blood chemistry studies revealed moderately elevated transaminase levels and @entity5052 . Male twins were delivered by vacuum extraction at 35 weeks' gestation. After delivery, she became drousy and icterus appeared. @entity879 with marked @entity5052 was diagnosed. She was treated with @entity413 solution with glucagon and soluble insulin, branched chain @entity1522 , @entity5722 , @entity11884 and @entity6359 . Her consciousness cleared rapidly and all laboratory data became normal by 15 days postpartum. The urine volume was about 5 liters per day from the first to sixth postpartum day. The diuresis decreased after the eighth postpartum day. Rare pregnancy complicated by transient @entity3040 and @entity879 is discussed.

title: Transient XXXX associated with @entity879 in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['water-deprivation']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatic failure', 'Acute hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity5722 :: ('MESH:D016670', 'Chemical') :: ['gabexate mesilate']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity3040 :: ('MESH:D018500', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic diabetes insipidus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3040 :: (MESH:D018500,Disease) :: ['nephrogenic diabetes insipidus']


abstract: A 29-year-old nullipara was admitted at 31 weeks' gestation because of @entity6064 . She noted gradually @entity2011 , severe thirst, malaise, @entity390 and @entity448 . A @entity1949 test and administration of aqueous vasopressin confirmed the diagnosis of @entity3040 . At 33 weeks' gestation, blood chemistry studies revealed moderately elevated transaminase levels and @entity5052 . Male twins were delivered by vacuum extraction at 35 weeks' gestation. After delivery, she became drousy and icterus appeared. @entity879 with marked @entity5052 was diagnosed. She was treated with @entity413 solution with glucagon and soluble insulin, branched chain @entity1522 , @entity5722 , @entity11884 and @entity6359 . Her consciousness cleared rapidly and all laboratory data became normal by 15 days postpartum. The urine volume was about 5 liters per day from the first to sixth postpartum day. The diuresis decreased after the eighth postpartum day. Rare pregnancy complicated by transient @entity3040 and @entity879 is discussed.

title: Transient @entity3040 associated with XXXX in pregnancy.

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute hepatic failure']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between several physical fitness parameters and eyesight divided into 3 grades in @entity227 @entity1 and young male adults, and to investigate the effect of mild exercise training on physical and @entity1109 as well as @entity410 . Four subjects were @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ), 6 were semi-blind (SB) and 27 had amblyopia (AM). Physical fitness tests consisted of maximal @entity26 uptake (Vo2max), maximal pedalling speed and power, maximal stepping rate, and isometric knee extension strength. Compared with AM and SB groups, the @entity1939 group was inferior in all physical fitness parameters. Especially, Vo2max, in @entity1939 (26 ml.kg-1. @entity1009 ) was about 56% of that in age-matched Japanese sighted subjects and was significantly low compared with the AM and SB groups. Both muscle strength and maximal pedalling power corresponded to about 50% that of the age-matched sighted group. Six SB and 4 @entity1939 students (mean = 17.7 years) were trained for 6 weeks on a bicycle ergometer at an intensity of 50% VO2max. Training was undertaken for 3 days per week and maintained for 60 min per session. After training, physical and @entity1109 determined by the Cornell Medical Index improved significantly. These results indicate that low physical work capacity in @entity227 @entity1 and young male adults is due to the lack of physical activity, and that mild endurance training is effective in improving physical and @entity1109 as well as @entity410 .

title: Physical work capacity and effect of endurance training in XXXX @entity1 and young male adults.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visually handicapped']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['totally blind', 'TB']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visually handicapped']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between several physical fitness parameters and eyesight divided into 3 grades in @entity227 @entity1 and young male adults, and to investigate the effect of mild exercise training on physical and @entity1109 as well as @entity410 . Four subjects were @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ), 6 were semi-blind (SB) and 27 had amblyopia (AM). Physical fitness tests consisted of maximal @entity26 uptake (Vo2max), maximal pedalling speed and power, maximal stepping rate, and isometric knee extension strength. Compared with AM and SB groups, the @entity1939 group was inferior in all physical fitness parameters. Especially, Vo2max, in @entity1939 (26 ml.kg-1. @entity1009 ) was about 56% of that in age-matched Japanese sighted subjects and was significantly low compared with the AM and SB groups. Both muscle strength and maximal pedalling power corresponded to about 50% that of the age-matched sighted group. Six SB and 4 @entity1939 students (mean = 17.7 years) were trained for 6 weeks on a bicycle ergometer at an intensity of 50% VO2max. Training was undertaken for 3 days per week and maintained for 60 min per session. After training, physical and @entity1109 determined by the Cornell Medical Index improved significantly. These results indicate that low physical work capacity in @entity227 @entity1 and young male adults is due to the lack of physical activity, and that mild endurance training is effective in improving physical and @entity1109 as well as @entity410 .

title: Physical work capacity and effect of endurance training in @entity227 XXXX and young male adults.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boys']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are a useful in vitro model of @entity1 @entity5 . An experiment was designed to assess the likely therapeutic advantage of hyperfractionation--a proposed strategy in radiotherapy. A cell line ( @entity15392 -G) derived from @entity1 @entity521 was grown as @entity5 . This @entity5 line is radiosensitive with low capacity for repair of sublethal radiation damage. These properties make @entity15392 -G a suitable line to test the theoretical advantage of hyperfractionation. @entity5 were irradiated using alternative fractionated regimens, with fraction sizes varying from 0.5 to 4 Gy. In each experiment, the total dose was chosen to make the regimens theoretically isoeffective for damage to late-responding normal tissues (calculated using the linear-quadratic mathematical model with alpha/beta = 3 Gy). The radiation responses of @entity5 were evaluated using the end-points of regrowth delay and "proportion cured". Regimens using smaller doses per fraction were found to be markedly more effective in causing @entity16 @entity5 , as assessed by either end-point. These experimental findings support the proposal that hyperfractionation should be a therapeutically advantageous strategy in the treatment of @entity5 whose radiobiological properties are similar to those of the @entity5 line @entity15392 -G.

title: The effect on @entity1 XXXX spheroids of fractionated radiation regimes calculated to be equivalent for damage to late responding normal tissues.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MTS neuroblastoma', 'MTS', 'cancer', 'Multicellular tumour spheroids', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are a useful in vitro model of @entity1 @entity5 . An experiment was designed to assess the likely therapeutic advantage of hyperfractionation--a proposed strategy in radiotherapy. A cell line ( @entity15392 -G) derived from @entity1 @entity521 was grown as @entity5 . This @entity5 line is radiosensitive with low capacity for repair of sublethal radiation damage. These properties make @entity15392 -G a suitable line to test the theoretical advantage of hyperfractionation. @entity5 were irradiated using alternative fractionated regimens, with fraction sizes varying from 0.5 to 4 Gy. In each experiment, the total dose was chosen to make the regimens theoretically isoeffective for damage to late-responding normal tissues (calculated using the linear-quadratic mathematical model with alpha/beta = 3 Gy). The radiation responses of @entity5 were evaluated using the end-points of regrowth delay and "proportion cured". Regimens using smaller doses per fraction were found to be markedly more effective in causing @entity16 @entity5 , as assessed by either end-point. These experimental findings support the proposal that hyperfractionation should be a therapeutically advantageous strategy in the treatment of @entity5 whose radiobiological properties are similar to those of the @entity5 line @entity15392 -G.

title: The effect on XXXX @entity521 spheroids of fractionated radiation regimes calculated to be equivalent for damage to late responding normal tissues.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for the treatment of young adult @entity1 with purely refractive accommodative @entity5971 . SETTING: Private practice and university hospital, Milan, Italy. METHODS: The medical records of consecutive @entity1 who had PRK for @entity3467 associated with purely refractive @entity5971 were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, alignment, and sensory data were recorded and analyzed. Surgical methods and complications were reviewed. RESULTS: Sixteen eyes of 8 @entity1 were treated. The mean @entity1 age at the time of treatment was 24.6 years (range 17 to 38 years). All @entity1 were followed for 1 year. At the 1-year follow-up evaluation, the uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in all eyes. No @entity1 lost a line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. The mean spherical equivalent was -3.7 diopters (D) preoperatively and -0.7 D postoperatively. All @entity1 were within +/-0.37 D of emmetropia at the 1-year evaluation. Preoperatively, the mean esotropic deviation was 10.75 prism diopters. Postoperatively, all @entity1 were orthophoric without correction. Stereopsis was unaffected by PRK in all @entity1 . There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Photorefractive keratectomy was an effective treatment for @entity5971 associated with mild to moderate @entity3467 in young adults with purely refractive accommodative @entity5971 . These findings should not be widely applied to @entity1 with accommodative @entity5971 .

title: Photorefractive keratectomy for the treatment of purely refractive accommodative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']


abstract: In order to assess the reliability of Doppler echocardiography in the determination of mean @entity339 38 consecutive @entity1 (pts) affected by rheumatic @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ) were analyzed by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography (CWD). Cardiac catheterization (CATH) was performed within 24 hours from echocardiographic examination. The mean diastolic @entity339 ( @entity339 ) at CATH was calculated by planimetry from simultaneously recorded left ventricular and pulmonary artery wedge pressure. The maximal velocity profile through the mitral valve was used to calculate pressure gradient by CWD. A mean @entity339 was calculated for each @entity1 by the planimetered velocity profile throughout diastole. @entity339 determined by CATH ranged from 6 to 31 mmHg (mean 15.2 +/- 6.0); @entity339 determined by CWD ranged from 4 to 18 mmHg (mean 10 +/- 3.7). The correlation between CWD and CATH by linear regression analysis was: y = 0.53 X + 1.8; r = 0.85; p less than 0.001. Mean % error of CWD in the assessment of @entity339 was 34.7%. In conclusion this study indicates that CWD seems systematically underestimate @entity339 with respect to CATH. The identification of CWD flow tracings "optimal" for analysis could not represent the maximal velocity of transmitral jet, which is a complex three dimensional entity. In addition non-simultaneous determinations of gradient and day-to-day variations in cardiac output may account for discrepancies between CWD and CATH measurements.

title: [Determination of the transvalvular gradient using continuous wave Doppler in @entity1 with XXXX . Correlation with the hemodynamic method].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'mitral gradient']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'mitral valve stenosis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: In order to assess the reliability of Doppler echocardiography in the determination of mean @entity339 38 consecutive @entity1 (pts) affected by rheumatic @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ) were analyzed by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography (CWD). Cardiac catheterization (CATH) was performed within 24 hours from echocardiographic examination. The mean diastolic @entity339 ( @entity339 ) at CATH was calculated by planimetry from simultaneously recorded left ventricular and pulmonary artery wedge pressure. The maximal velocity profile through the mitral valve was used to calculate pressure gradient by CWD. A mean @entity339 was calculated for each @entity1 by the planimetered velocity profile throughout diastole. @entity339 determined by CATH ranged from 6 to 31 mmHg (mean 15.2 +/- 6.0); @entity339 determined by CWD ranged from 4 to 18 mmHg (mean 10 +/- 3.7). The correlation between CWD and CATH by linear regression analysis was: y = 0.53 X + 1.8; r = 0.85; p less than 0.001. Mean % error of CWD in the assessment of @entity339 was 34.7%. In conclusion this study indicates that CWD seems systematically underestimate @entity339 with respect to CATH. The identification of CWD flow tracings "optimal" for analysis could not represent the maximal velocity of transmitral jet, which is a complex three dimensional entity. In addition non-simultaneous determinations of gradient and day-to-day variations in cardiac output may account for discrepancies between CWD and CATH measurements.

title: [Determination of the transvalvular gradient using continuous wave Doppler in XXXX with @entity4794 . Correlation with the hemodynamic method].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Echinacea purpurea, a plant originally used by native Americans to treat @entity1729 , has also been shown to exert immunomodulatory activities both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanism underlying Echinacea-induced immunomodulation remains largely unknown. This study examined in vitro the effects of soluble extracts of E. purpurea on natural killer (NK) cells present in @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Flow cytometric methods were used to examine activation, @entity137 , NK-target binding, and killer cell frequency. Treatment of PBMC with Echinacea overnight resulted in the activation of @entity7986 expression and increase in mean fluorescence intensity in both the @entity4071 + and @entity4071 + @entity2940 + NK subsets. However, the frequency of @entity4071 + cells was decreased as well as the mean fluorescence intensity was down-regulated. NK @entity137 was augmented 100% at the concentration of 0.1 microg/ml of Echinacea in a short time (4-h) assay. Examination at the single cell level revealed augmentation of the frequency of @entity2940 + NK-target conjugates and a plateau was reached after 30-60 min of incubation. Likewise, the frequency of @entity2940 + killer cells in the conjugates was also significantly increased by Echinacea. There was recruitment of non-conjugated @entity2940 + cells into @entity4071 + NK-target conjugates and activation of the NK-target non-killer conjugates into killer cells. These findings demonstrate that Echinacea extracts are potent activators of NK @entity137 . Echinacea augments the frequency of NK target conjugates and activates the programming for lysis of NK cells.

title: Mechanism of activation of XXXX peripheral blood NK cells at the single cell level by Echinacea water soluble extracts: recruitment of lymphocyte-target conjugates and killer cells and activation of programming for lysis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of full-body @entity11898 ( @entity11898 ) in multiple @entity130 @entity1 in comparison to 128-multislice computed tomography (MSCT). Materials and Methods: 106 multiple @entity130 @entity1 (female: 33; male: 73) were retrospectively included in this study. All @entity1 underwent @entity11898 of the whole body, including extremities, and MSCT covering the neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. The diagnostic accuracy of @entity11898 for the detection of @entity174 of the truncal skeleton and pneumothoraces was evaluated in comparison to MSCT by two observers in consensus. Extremity @entity174 detected by @entity11898 were documented. Results: The overall sensitivity of @entity11898 was 49.2%, the specificity was 93.3%, the positive predictive value was 91%, and the negative predictive value was 57.5%. The overall sensitivity for @entity174 was 16.7%, and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity was 48.7% and the specificity 98.2% for all other @entity174 . Pneumothoraces were detected in 12 @entity1 by CT, but not by @entity11898 .40 extremity @entity174 were detected by @entity11898 , of which 4 @entity174 were dislocated, and 2 were fully covered by MSCT. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of @entity11898 is limited in the evaluation of acute @entity130 of the truncal skeleton. @entity11898 allows fast whole-body X-ray imaging, and may be valuable for detecting extremity @entity174 in @entity130 @entity1 in addition to MSCT. Key Points:       The overall sensitivity of @entity11898 for @entity130 in multiple- @entity130 @entity1 was <50%.      The diagnostic reference standard MSCT is the preferred and reliable imaging modality.      @entity11898 may be valuable for quick detection of extremity @entity174 . Citation Format:       J  res APW., Heverhagen JT, Bon  l H etal. Diagnostic Accuracy of Full-Body Linear X-Ray Scanning in @entity1230 @entity1 in  Comparison to Computed Tomography. Fortschr R  ntgenstr 2016; 188: 163-171.

title: Diagnostic Accuracy of Full-Body Linear X-Ray Scanning in  XXXX @entity1 in Comparison to Computed Tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11898 :: ('MESH:C564523', 'Disease') :: ['linear X-ray scanning', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple Trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['truncal skeleton injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['Multiple Trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of full-body @entity11898 ( @entity11898 ) in multiple @entity130 @entity1 in comparison to 128-multislice computed tomography (MSCT). Materials and Methods: 106 multiple @entity130 @entity1 (female: 33; male: 73) were retrospectively included in this study. All @entity1 underwent @entity11898 of the whole body, including extremities, and MSCT covering the neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. The diagnostic accuracy of @entity11898 for the detection of @entity174 of the truncal skeleton and pneumothoraces was evaluated in comparison to MSCT by two observers in consensus. Extremity @entity174 detected by @entity11898 were documented. Results: The overall sensitivity of @entity11898 was 49.2%, the specificity was 93.3%, the positive predictive value was 91%, and the negative predictive value was 57.5%. The overall sensitivity for @entity174 was 16.7%, and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity was 48.7% and the specificity 98.2% for all other @entity174 . Pneumothoraces were detected in 12 @entity1 by CT, but not by @entity11898 .40 extremity @entity174 were detected by @entity11898 , of which 4 @entity174 were dislocated, and 2 were fully covered by MSCT. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of @entity11898 is limited in the evaluation of acute @entity130 of the truncal skeleton. @entity11898 allows fast whole-body X-ray imaging, and may be valuable for detecting extremity @entity174 in @entity130 @entity1 in addition to MSCT. Key Points:       The overall sensitivity of @entity11898 for @entity130 in multiple- @entity130 @entity1 was <50%.      The diagnostic reference standard MSCT is the preferred and reliable imaging modality.      @entity11898 may be valuable for quick detection of extremity @entity174 . Citation Format:       J  res APW., Heverhagen JT, Bon  l H etal. Diagnostic Accuracy of Full-Body Linear X-Ray Scanning in @entity1230 @entity1 in  Comparison to Computed Tomography. Fortschr R  ntgenstr 2016; 188: 163-171.

title: Diagnostic Accuracy of Full-Body Linear X-Ray Scanning in  @entity1230 XXXX in Comparison to Computed Tomography.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The early impact on the heart of severe burns has all been well documented previously. Here, we report on the late effects of burns upon the heart, and @entity384 , such aspects having been little reported previously in the literature. METHODS: Over the past 8 years (June 1991 to December 1998), 55 scalded or flame-burnt @entity1 for whom the total burnt body surface area (TBSA) exceeded 50% were treated. Seventeen @entity1 survived and were followed up. The mean age was 44 years. The mean follow-up period was 47.3 months; four @entity1 displayed a previous history of @entity299 . We used several parameters to evaluate and follow cardiac status to see the late effect of burns upon the heart. RESULTS: Of 17 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 (17.7%) were found to exhibit @entity384 after a mean time of 6 months post-injury. A dramatic recovery from symptoms and roentgenographic findings were observed for all @entity1 following symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSION: Here we report three cases of delayed @entity384 , a condition that has been little reported in the past. There may be many causating factors. Several recommendations are described.

title: XXXX for major burn injuries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathies', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Delayed dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: The suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is critical to the maintenance of immune homeostasis in vivo and yet, the specific identification of Tregs by phenotypic markers is not perfect. Tregs were originally identified in the @entity1961 + @entity3783 + fraction of T cells, but @entity3744 expression was later included as an additional marker of Tregs as @entity3744 expression was identified as being critical to the development and function of these cells. Intracellular expression of @entity3744 makes it difficult in using to isolate live and not permeabilized cells for functional assays. As such @entity1961 + @entity3783 + fraction is still frequently used for functional assays of Tregs. Although, the @entity1961 + @entity3783 + fraction substantially overlaps with the @entity3744 + fraction, the minor mismatch between @entity1961 + @entity3783 + and @entity3744 + fractions may confound the functional characteristics of Tregs. In this study, we isolated @entity1961 + @entity3744 + as well as @entity1961 + @entity3783 + fractions from @entity3744 knock-in @entity19 , and compared their proliferative and suppressive activity in the presence or absence of various concentrations of @entity2047 . Our results showed comparable patterns of proliferative and suppressive responses for both fractions, except that contrary to the @entity1961 + @entity3783 + fraction the @entity3744 + fraction did not proliferate in an autocrine fashion even in response to a strong stimulation. In presence of exogenous @entity2047 , both @entity1961 + @entity3783 + and @entity1961 + @entity3744 + fractions were more sensitive than the @entity1961 + @entity3783 - responder cells in proliferative responsiveness. In addition, a low dose @entity2047 enhanced whereas a high dose abrogated the suppressive activities of the @entity1961 + @entity3783 + and @entity1961 + @entity3744 + fractions. These results may provide an additional understanding of the characteristics of the various fractions of isolated Tregs based on phenotype and function and the role of varying levels of exogenous @entity2047 on the suppressive activity of these cells.

title: Functional Modulation of Regulatory T Cells by XXXX .

answer: @entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We conducted a prospective study to investigate the @entity2103 in @entity1 with @entity9905 by computed tomography (CT). Our study population was made up of 99 @entity1 -68 males and 31 females, aged 6 to 22 years (mean: 13.5)-who had unilateral @entity9905 without any @entity389 . We compared our findings in these @entity1 with those in 50 controls-33 males and 17 females, aged 5 to 22 years (mean: 15.0)-who had normal ears. We classified the @entity9905 @entity1 into three groups (A, B, and C) according to their Jahrsdoerfer grading scale score (>= 8; 6 or 7; and  <=5, respectively). The course of the facial nerve canal in both the controls and the study @entity1 was determined by temporal bone CT with multiplanar reconstruction. The distances from different parts of the facial nerve canal to surrounding structures were also measured. The course of the facial nerve canal in the normal ears did not vary much, and there were no statistically significant differences according to head side and sex. In groups B and C, the tympanic segment, mastoid segment, and angle of the second genu of the facial nerve canal were all significantly smaller than those of the controls (p < 0.01 in all cases). Statistically, the @entity2103 in @entity1 with @entity9905 was downwardly displaced. The mastoid segment of the facial nerve canal in these @entity1 was more anterior than that of the controls. We conclude that @entity9905 is often accompanied by @entity2103 , especially in the tympanic segment, the mastoid segment, and the second genu. We found that the lower the Jahrsdoerfer score was, the shorter the tympanic segment was and the more forward the mastoid segment was.

title: An imaging study of the facial nerve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9905 :: ('MESH:C564321', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aural atresia']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear malformations']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['tympanic segment of the facial nerve canal', 'abnormalities of the facial nerve canal']

answer: @entity9905 :: (MESH:C564321,Disease) :: ['canal in congenital aural atresia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1659 due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1- @entity19459 - @entity7058 ) is a rare @entity74 characterized by recurrent life-threatening @entity4 and/or @entity490 and caused by mutations affecting the C1 inhibitor gene, @entity19459 . We sought to investigate the spectrum of @entity19459 mutations in Serbia and the possible genotype-phenotype association. C1- @entity19459 - @entity7058 was diagnosed on the basis of clinical and laboratory criteria in 40 @entity1 from 27 families; four were asymptomatic. Mutational analysis of the @entity19459 gene was performed by sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Disease-causing mutations in @entity19459 were identified in all @entity1 . In C1- @entity19459 - @entity7058 type I, we identified 19 different mutations, including 6 missense mutations, 6 nonsense mutations, 2 small deletions, 1 small insertion, 2 splicing defects and 2 large deletions. Two of the mutations ( @entity72248 and @entity72249 ) are reported here for the first time. All C1- @entity19459 - @entity7058 type II @entity1 from three families harboured the same substitution ( @entity72250 ). Based on the type of mutation identified in the @entity19459 gene, @entity1 were divided into two groups: group 1 (nonsense, frameshift, large deletions/insertions, splicing defect, and mutations at @entity534 444) or group 2 (missense, excluding mutations at Arg444). Significant differences were found in the clinical severity score (P = 0.005), prevalence of laryngeal (P = 0.040) and facial (P = 0.013) @entity4 , and long-term prophylaxis (P = 0.023) between the groups with different types of mutations. Because our population consisted of related subjects, differences in the severity score between mutation groups were further confirmed using the generalized estimating equation (P = 0.038). Our study identified 20 different disease-causing mutations, including two novel mutations, in all C1- @entity19459 - @entity7058 @entity1 , highlighting the heterogeneity of mutations in the @entity19459 gene. Furthermore, it appears that mutations with a clear effect on @entity38524 function might be responsible for a more severe disease phenotype.

title: XXXX Due to @entity1659 in Serbia: Two Novel Mutations and Evidence of Genotype-Phenotype Association.

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary angioedema']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'oedemas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1659 :: (MESH:D054179,Disease) :: ['Hereditary Angioedema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1659 due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1- @entity19459 - @entity7058 ) is a rare @entity74 characterized by recurrent life-threatening @entity4 and/or @entity490 and caused by mutations affecting the C1 inhibitor gene, @entity19459 . We sought to investigate the spectrum of @entity19459 mutations in Serbia and the possible genotype-phenotype association. C1- @entity19459 - @entity7058 was diagnosed on the basis of clinical and laboratory criteria in 40 @entity1 from 27 families; four were asymptomatic. Mutational analysis of the @entity19459 gene was performed by sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Disease-causing mutations in @entity19459 were identified in all @entity1 . In C1- @entity19459 - @entity7058 type I, we identified 19 different mutations, including 6 missense mutations, 6 nonsense mutations, 2 small deletions, 1 small insertion, 2 splicing defects and 2 large deletions. Two of the mutations ( @entity72248 and @entity72249 ) are reported here for the first time. All C1- @entity19459 - @entity7058 type II @entity1 from three families harboured the same substitution ( @entity72250 ). Based on the type of mutation identified in the @entity19459 gene, @entity1 were divided into two groups: group 1 (nonsense, frameshift, large deletions/insertions, splicing defect, and mutations at @entity534 444) or group 2 (missense, excluding mutations at Arg444). Significant differences were found in the clinical severity score (P = 0.005), prevalence of laryngeal (P = 0.040) and facial (P = 0.013) @entity4 , and long-term prophylaxis (P = 0.023) between the groups with different types of mutations. Because our population consisted of related subjects, differences in the severity score between mutation groups were further confirmed using the generalized estimating equation (P = 0.038). Our study identified 20 different disease-causing mutations, including two novel mutations, in all C1- @entity19459 - @entity7058 @entity1 , highlighting the heterogeneity of mutations in the @entity19459 gene. Furthermore, it appears that mutations with a clear effect on @entity38524 function might be responsible for a more severe disease phenotype.

title: @entity1659 Due to XXXX in Serbia: Two Novel Mutations and Evidence of Genotype-Phenotype Association.

answer: @entity1659 :: (MESH:D054179,Disease) :: ['C1 Inhibitor Deficiency']


abstract: @entity16588 (MCLR) is a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin and protein phosphatase inhibitor that contaminates water reservoirs worldwide. MCLR localizes to the cytosol of hepatocytes, however, immunohistochemical studies indicate that it accumulates in the nucleus. MCLR @entity8956 is associated with decreased hepatic protein phosphatase activity, but effects in nuclear protein phosphatase activity have not been investigated. Balb/c @entity19 were given lethal (100 microg/kg) or sublethal (12, 23 and 45 microg/kg) i.p. doses of MCLR and hepatic nuclear extracts were analyzed for protein phosphatase 1 and 2A activity. There was profound inhibition of nuclear protein phosphatase activity within 50 min of lethal dosing, however an inhibition was not detected with sublethal doses. MCLR immunohistochemistry revealed widespread lobular staining in the lethal group and centrilobular staining in the sublethal groups. At the cellular level there was nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of equal intensity. As an indicator of nuclear protein phosphatase activity, the phosphorylation of @entity899 , a nuclear phosphoprotein and known substrate for protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, was evaluated. Balb/c @entity19 were treated with sublethal doses of MCLR or saline vehicle after induction of hepatic @entity899 by the DNA damaging agent @entity107 ( @entity108 ). @entity899 was immunoprecipitated and probed with @entity8283 specific antibodies by Western blotting. There was greater @entity8283 reactivity of @entity899 protein in animals treated with MCLR relative to saline treated controls, consistent with increased phosphorylation of @entity563 sites. It is concluded that an interaction of this toxin with nuclear protein phosphatases occurs within 50 min of lethal dosing, which leads to a profound inhibition of enzymatic activity. Even sublethal doses of MCLR that do not result in significant inhibition of activity in bulk nuclei, result in detectable changes in phosphorylation of @entity899 .

title: Inhibition of nuclear protein phosphatase activity in @entity19 hepatocytes by the cyanobacterial toxin XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8283 :: ('CHEBI:15811', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoserine']

entities_list: @entity16588 :: ('MESH:C057862', 'Chemical') :: ['Microcystin-LR']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity8956 :: ('MESH:C565846', 'Disease') :: ['toxicosis']

answer: @entity16588 :: (MESH:C057862,Chemical) :: ['microcystin-LR']


abstract: @entity16588 (MCLR) is a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin and protein phosphatase inhibitor that contaminates water reservoirs worldwide. MCLR localizes to the cytosol of hepatocytes, however, immunohistochemical studies indicate that it accumulates in the nucleus. MCLR @entity8956 is associated with decreased hepatic protein phosphatase activity, but effects in nuclear protein phosphatase activity have not been investigated. Balb/c @entity19 were given lethal (100 microg/kg) or sublethal (12, 23 and 45 microg/kg) i.p. doses of MCLR and hepatic nuclear extracts were analyzed for protein phosphatase 1 and 2A activity. There was profound inhibition of nuclear protein phosphatase activity within 50 min of lethal dosing, however an inhibition was not detected with sublethal doses. MCLR immunohistochemistry revealed widespread lobular staining in the lethal group and centrilobular staining in the sublethal groups. At the cellular level there was nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of equal intensity. As an indicator of nuclear protein phosphatase activity, the phosphorylation of @entity899 , a nuclear phosphoprotein and known substrate for protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, was evaluated. Balb/c @entity19 were treated with sublethal doses of MCLR or saline vehicle after induction of hepatic @entity899 by the DNA damaging agent @entity107 ( @entity108 ). @entity899 was immunoprecipitated and probed with @entity8283 specific antibodies by Western blotting. There was greater @entity8283 reactivity of @entity899 protein in animals treated with MCLR relative to saline treated controls, consistent with increased phosphorylation of @entity563 sites. It is concluded that an interaction of this toxin with nuclear protein phosphatases occurs within 50 min of lethal dosing, which leads to a profound inhibition of enzymatic activity. Even sublethal doses of MCLR that do not result in significant inhibition of activity in bulk nuclei, result in detectable changes in phosphorylation of @entity899 .

title: Inhibition of nuclear protein phosphatase activity in XXXX hepatocytes by the cyanobacterial toxin @entity16588 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The ability of the phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)s) from Crotalus durissus cascavella, Crotalus durissus collilineatus and Crotalus durissus terrificus venoms and @entity36315 to increase the vascular permeability in the @entity35 skin as well as the contribution of both mast cells and sensory C-fibers have been investigated in this study. Vascular permeability was measured as the plasma extravascular accumulation at skin sites of intravenously injected 125I-human serum albumin. Intradermal injection of crotalic PLA(2)s (0.05-0.5 microg/site) in the @entity35 skin resulted in dose-dependent increase in plasma extravascular whereas @entity36315 (1 microg/site) failed to affect this response. Co-injection of @entity36315 (1 microg/site) did not modify the increased vascular permeability induced by the PLA(2)s (0.05-0.5 microg/site). Previous treatment (30 min) of the animals with @entity7782 (2 mg/kg, i.p.) markedly reduced PLA(2) (0.5 microg/site)-induced @entity4 . In @entity35 treated neonatally with @entity2951 to deplete neuropeptides, the plasma extravasation induced by all PLA(2)s (0.5 microg/site) was also significantly reduced. Similarly, the @entity4756 NK(1) receptor antagonist @entity13631 (1nmol/site) significantly reduced the PLA(2)-induced @entity4 . In addition, the combination of @entity13631 with @entity7782 further reduced the increased plasma extravasation by PLA(2) from C. d. cascavella venom, but not by PLA(2) from C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus venoms. Our results suggest that increase in skin vascular permeability by crotalic PLA(2)s is mediated by activation of sensory C-fibers culminating in the release of substance P, as well as by activation of mast cells which in turn release @entity4478 such as @entity112 and @entity750 .

title: XXXX induced by phospholipases A2 isolated from Crotalus durissus sp. in the @entity35 dorsal skin: a role for mast cells and sensory C-fibers.

entities_list: @entity7782 :: ('MESH:D003533', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproheptadine']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity36315 :: ('MESH:D003439', 'Chemical') :: ['crotapotin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory oedema']


abstract: The ability of the phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)s) from Crotalus durissus cascavella, Crotalus durissus collilineatus and Crotalus durissus terrificus venoms and @entity36315 to increase the vascular permeability in the @entity35 skin as well as the contribution of both mast cells and sensory C-fibers have been investigated in this study. Vascular permeability was measured as the plasma extravascular accumulation at skin sites of intravenously injected 125I-human serum albumin. Intradermal injection of crotalic PLA(2)s (0.05-0.5 microg/site) in the @entity35 skin resulted in dose-dependent increase in plasma extravascular whereas @entity36315 (1 microg/site) failed to affect this response. Co-injection of @entity36315 (1 microg/site) did not modify the increased vascular permeability induced by the PLA(2)s (0.05-0.5 microg/site). Previous treatment (30 min) of the animals with @entity7782 (2 mg/kg, i.p.) markedly reduced PLA(2) (0.5 microg/site)-induced @entity4 . In @entity35 treated neonatally with @entity2951 to deplete neuropeptides, the plasma extravasation induced by all PLA(2)s (0.5 microg/site) was also significantly reduced. Similarly, the @entity4756 NK(1) receptor antagonist @entity13631 (1nmol/site) significantly reduced the PLA(2)-induced @entity4 . In addition, the combination of @entity13631 with @entity7782 further reduced the increased plasma extravasation by PLA(2) from C. d. cascavella venom, but not by PLA(2) from C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus venoms. Our results suggest that increase in skin vascular permeability by crotalic PLA(2)s is mediated by activation of sensory C-fibers culminating in the release of substance P, as well as by activation of mast cells which in turn release @entity4478 such as @entity112 and @entity750 .

title: @entity4 induced by phospholipases A2 isolated from Crotalus durissus sp. in the XXXX dorsal skin: a role for mast cells and sensory C-fibers.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1875 is a standard for adult @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Use in pediatric @entity1 remains controversial. Our primary objective was to investigate whether adverse events occurred more frequently in teenage pediatric @entity1 receiving @entity1875 for @entity341 . METHODS: This retrospective study examines records from the Halifax Procedural Sedation Registry, collected between January 1, 2006 and May 31, 2013. @entity1 undergoing @entity341 using @entity1875 were divided into those aged 16 to 19 years (teenagers), 20 to 65 years (adults), and older than 65 years (seniors). The primary outcomes were the incidences of @entity551 and @entity519 . RESULTS: Four thousand sixty-three EDPSs were included in the analysis, of which 230 involved teenagers, 2853 adults (mean age, 43.0 years), and 980 seniors (mean age, 77.1). The teenage group was significantly less likely to develop @entity551 or @entity519 . These differences were confirmed on multivariate analysis. @entity1 in the teenage group received higher doses of @entity1875 per kilogram/minute than the other groups. No other differences met statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Teenage @entity1 receiving @entity341 with @entity1875 had a lower incidence of adverse events, and both received and tolerated larger adjusted doses of medication than older @entity1 . Satisfaction and duration of @entity341 were similar. Concerns about @entity1875 use in younger @entity1 have not been supported by this study. We believe that these findings support the use of @entity1875 for @entity341 in older teenagers.

title: Emergency Procedural Sedation With XXXX in Older Teenagers: Any Cause for Concern?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['EDPS', 'emergency department procedural sedation']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['Propofol']


abstract: AIMS: we study the @entity25374 tolerance to water deficit and the dynamics of adaptive process at the level of the membrane. METHODS AND RESULTS: A. brasilense was exposed to @entity968 ( @entity970 ) growth and @entity970 shock. Tolerance, phospholipids and @entity844 composition and membrane fluidity were determined. A. brasilense was able to grow in the presence of @entity970 however viability was reduced. Cells grown with @entity970 showed membrane fluidity similar to those grown without, the lipid composition was modified, increasing @entity2434 and decreasing @entity3633 amounts. The unsaturation @entity1718 degree was reduced. The dynamics of the adaptive response revealed a decrease in fluidity 20 minutes after the addition of @entity970 , indicating that the @entity970 has a fluidizing effect on the hydrophobic region of the cell membrane. Fluidity returned to initial values after 60 minutes of @entity970 exposure. CONCLUSION: A. brasilense is able to perceive osmotic changes by changing membrane fluidity. This effect is offset by changes in the composition of membrane phospholipid and @entity844 , contributing to the homeostasis of membrane fluidity under water deficit. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This knowledge can be used to develop new A. brasilense formulations showing an adapted membrane to water deficit. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Reorganization of XXXX cell membrane is mediated by lipid composition adjustment to maintain optimal fluidity during water deficit.

entities_list: @entity25374 :: ('192', 'Species') :: ['Azospirillum brasilense']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity25374 :: (192,Species) :: ['Azospirillum brasilense']


abstract: Through @entity1 activity lead has become a serious environmental neurotoxin, known to affect activity levels, attention and both sensory and cognitive function in @entity1 . Study of lead would be facilitated by having a model system that could be manipulated easily and quickly. We find @entity238 ideal as such, and we have been studying effects of lead on courtship, fecundity and locomotor activity. We raised Canton-S flies from eggs to adult day 6-7 on medium made with @entity10222 solution (2-100 microgram/g), or with distilled water, and we measured adult body lead burdens by means of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- @entity15 ). To measure courtship effectiveness, five virgin females and five virgin males were transferred into an empty vial and the number of females that mated within 20min was recorded. To measure fecundity, all adult offspring from eggs produced by one female within 12 days of mating were counted. To measure locomotor activity, individual flies were transferred to a grid-labeled petri dish and the number of lines crossed in 30s was counted. The number of females mating within 20min was increased significantly by exposure to 2 or 8 microgram/g lead, and was decreased significantly by exposure to 20 or 50 microgram/g lead. Fecundity was increased significantly by exposure to 2 microgram/g lead, but was unaffected by exposure to 20 microgram/g lead. Locomotor activity was consistently higher for males than for females, and was significantly reduced only by exposure to 50 microgram/g lead, and then only for males. We thus defined for @entity238 a lowest observable effect level (LOEL) of 2 microgram/g lead, which is considerably lower than the doses shown previously to affect this animal. The dose-response curve was biphasic for the number of females mating within 20min, an example of hormesis, a non-linear response that has been reported for low levels of stressors as diverse as pollutants and radiation. We hope from further studies with @entity238 to understand better how lead affects the developing nervous system, and thus ultimately its effects on @entity1 .

title: Behavioral effects of chronic exposure to low levels of lead in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity10222 :: ('MESH:C008261', 'Chemical') :: ['lead acetate']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']