abstract: @entity385 is one of the most frequent pathologies with high invalidating potential and a leading cause of @entity204 . The brain tissue adjacent to the central necrotic core, defined as penumbra, was extensively characterized mostly by imaging techniques and in animal models. Our goal was to identify a large panel of molecules in this particular area on @entity1 brains harvested at autopsy. Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity385 and seven control cases were taken into study. We used immunohistochemistry to characterize @entity39 . Metalloproteinases, mostly @entity1495 , seem to be involved in @entity2806 , but as a protective and not as a deleterious factor. Apoptotic molecules are not increasingly expressed in @entity64 compared to control cases. Mast cell enzymes chymase and tryptase are described for the first time in neurons and glia, even with unclear significance. Microglia appears active in @entity64 and stimulating methods directed to it could be useful. @entity842 synthases and @entity3840 were also involved in @entity64 cases but not in control ones. Other factors as @entity7 and its receptors, PDGF, b-FGF or @entity310 showed no significant expression related to @entity2806 . Animal study of penumbra and @entity1 tissue findings are distinct and research should be focused on the latter approach in order to find valuable and safe therapeutic methods.

title: Clinico-pathological correlations in fatal XXXX . An immunohistochemical study of @entity1 brain penumbra.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury', 'brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity385 is one of the most frequent pathologies with high invalidating potential and a leading cause of @entity204 . The brain tissue adjacent to the central necrotic core, defined as penumbra, was extensively characterized mostly by imaging techniques and in animal models. Our goal was to identify a large panel of molecules in this particular area on @entity1 brains harvested at autopsy. Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity385 and seven control cases were taken into study. We used immunohistochemistry to characterize @entity39 . Metalloproteinases, mostly @entity1495 , seem to be involved in @entity2806 , but as a protective and not as a deleterious factor. Apoptotic molecules are not increasingly expressed in @entity64 compared to control cases. Mast cell enzymes chymase and tryptase are described for the first time in neurons and glia, even with unclear significance. Microglia appears active in @entity64 and stimulating methods directed to it could be useful. @entity842 synthases and @entity3840 were also involved in @entity64 cases but not in control ones. Other factors as @entity7 and its receptors, PDGF, b-FGF or @entity310 showed no significant expression related to @entity2806 . Animal study of penumbra and @entity1 tissue findings are distinct and research should be focused on the latter approach in order to find valuable and safe therapeutic methods.

title: Clinico-pathological correlations in fatal @entity385 . An immunohistochemical study of XXXX brain penumbra.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Older @entity1 are often especially susceptible to @entity55 and bacteria may develop resistance to antibiotics quicker in the elderly, whose immune systems gradually diminish. This study analyses, retrospectively, resistance to antibiotics in high-risk elderly @entity1 with fatal @entity55 . Records of all @entity1 aged over 65 who did not survive a bout with @entity55 were gathered from the records of the Department of Pneumology of @entity20657 Clinic in Wuppertal, Germany from the period of 2004-2014. Susceptibility testing was executed for the study population, whose @entity55 was triggered by various kinds of bacteria. We detected 936 @entity55 @entity1 of the overall mean age of 68.0        13.6  years, with the following @entity55 types: 461 (49.3  %) community-acquired, 354 (37.8  %) nosocomial-acquired, and 121 (12.9  %) @entity1174 . There were 631 (67.4  %) males and 305 (32.6  %) females there. We identified 672 (71.8  %) @entity1 who had a high risk for @entity55 , especially @entity3615 (p   <   0.0001). The elderly @entity1 had a higher risk of dying from @entity55 (2.9 odds ratio, 95  % confidence interval 1.8-4.6; p   <   0.0001); of the 185 @entity55 -related deaths, 163 (88.1  %) were in the elderly. In those with @entity3615 , a high antibiotic resistance rate was found for @entity3400 - @entity7120 (p   =   0.044), @entity2261 (p   =   0.026), @entity7048 (p   =   0.043), @entity5553 (p   =   0.018), @entity2929 (p   =   0.004), and @entity3402 (p   =   0.025). We conclude that elderly @entity1 with @entity3615 show resistance to common antibiotics. However, no significant antibiotic resistance could be ascribed for other types of @entity55 in these @entity1 .

title: Growing Antibiotic Resistance in Fatal Cases of XXXX in the Elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity3615 :: ('MESH:D011023', 'Disease') :: ['fatal staphylococcal pneumonia', 'staphylococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity3615 :: (MESH:D011023,Disease) :: ['Staphylococcal Pneumonia']


abstract: The internal defense mechanism of the snail @entity10300 during a schistosome infection is activated and mediated via the immune effector cells known as hemocytes. Since resistance and susceptibility to schistosome infection is known to be genetically determined, our interest was to use the EST approach as a gene discovery tool to examine transcription profiles in hemocytes of resistant snails pre- and post-exposure to @entity380 . Comparative analysis of the transcripts suggested that parasite exposure caused an active metabolic response in the hemocytes. The most abundant transcripts were those showing 23-74% similarity to known @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ). Further characterization by @entity16757 -PCR indicated the @entity16757 transcripts were expressed in normal snails, parasite exposed snails, and the embryonic cell line Bge. To determine whether the occurrence of @entity16757 transcripts correlates to the presence of functional enzyme activity in the snails, @entity16757 assays were performed from both resistant and susceptible snails, pre- and post-exposure to miracidia, using protein extracts from the head-foot and posterior region tissues. Results indicated that in the resistant snail, @entity16757 activity was greater in the posterior region than in the head-foot. After exposure, however, @entity16757 activity increased dramatically in the head-foot, with peak activity at 24 h post-exposure. The detection of @entity16757 activity in @entity10300 was unexpected and the role of this enzyme in the hemocyte-mediated killing of parasites is not yet known. However, identification of this and other transcripts from these cells by the EST approach provides a useful resource towards elucidating the molecular basis of resistance/susceptibility in this snail-host parasite relationship.

title: Comparative gene analysis of XXXX hemocytes pre- and post-exposure to miracidia of @entity380 .

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity10300 :: ('6526', 'Species') :: ['Biomphalaria glabrata', 'B. glabrata']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['reverse transcriptases', 'RT']

answer: @entity10300 :: (6526,Species) :: ['Biomphalaria glabrata']


abstract: The internal defense mechanism of the snail @entity10300 during a schistosome infection is activated and mediated via the immune effector cells known as hemocytes. Since resistance and susceptibility to schistosome infection is known to be genetically determined, our interest was to use the EST approach as a gene discovery tool to examine transcription profiles in hemocytes of resistant snails pre- and post-exposure to @entity380 . Comparative analysis of the transcripts suggested that parasite exposure caused an active metabolic response in the hemocytes. The most abundant transcripts were those showing 23-74% similarity to known @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ). Further characterization by @entity16757 -PCR indicated the @entity16757 transcripts were expressed in normal snails, parasite exposed snails, and the embryonic cell line Bge. To determine whether the occurrence of @entity16757 transcripts correlates to the presence of functional enzyme activity in the snails, @entity16757 assays were performed from both resistant and susceptible snails, pre- and post-exposure to miracidia, using protein extracts from the head-foot and posterior region tissues. Results indicated that in the resistant snail, @entity16757 activity was greater in the posterior region than in the head-foot. After exposure, however, @entity16757 activity increased dramatically in the head-foot, with peak activity at 24 h post-exposure. The detection of @entity16757 activity in @entity10300 was unexpected and the role of this enzyme in the hemocyte-mediated killing of parasites is not yet known. However, identification of this and other transcripts from these cells by the EST approach provides a useful resource towards elucidating the molecular basis of resistance/susceptibility in this snail-host parasite relationship.

title: Comparative gene analysis of @entity10300 hemocytes pre- and post-exposure to miracidia of XXXX .

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: Aortic depressor nerve discharge (AND), lumbar @entity3389 ( @entity3389 ), and single-unit activity of medullospinal pressure-sensitive neurons of nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGCL neurons) were recorded in @entity1508 -anesthetized 16-wk-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs) and normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 . The relationship between these variables and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was investigated. The gain of baroreceptor afferents was not significantly different between the strains, but corner MAP (intersection between linear ascending portion of curve and noise) was 38 mmHg higher in SHRs. The relationship between @entity3389 and MAP and that between PGCL neuronal activity and MAP were both characterized by a plateau (maximal activity) at low MAP followed by a linear reduction reaching zero at a level called cutoff MAP. The theoretical intersection between the plateau and the linear decremental portion of these curves was defined as a corner MAP. Values of corner MAP determined at the three levels (AND, @entity3389 , PGCL) were identical in a given strain and reset by a common value in SHRs (38-40 mmHg). The gain of baroreceptor reflex measured at all three sites as the slope of the linear incremental (AND) or decremental (PGCL and sympathetic chain) portion of the activity-MAP relationship was the same in WKY @entity35 and in SHRs. @entity551 measured in PGCL was identical to that measured in peripheral sympathetic system for a given strain. There was no significant difference in maximal discharge rate of PGCL neurons nor in lumbar @entity3389 and no interstrain difference in the proportion of @entity3389 that was suppressible by arterial baroreceptor feedback.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Medullospinal sympathoexcitatory neurons in normotensive and spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity3389 :: ('MESH:D019522', 'Disease') :: ['sympathetic nerve discharge', 'SND']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Cutoff MAP']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Aortic depressor nerve discharge (AND), lumbar @entity3389 ( @entity3389 ), and single-unit activity of medullospinal pressure-sensitive neurons of nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGCL neurons) were recorded in @entity1508 -anesthetized 16-wk-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs) and normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 . The relationship between these variables and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was investigated. The gain of baroreceptor afferents was not significantly different between the strains, but corner MAP (intersection between linear ascending portion of curve and noise) was 38 mmHg higher in SHRs. The relationship between @entity3389 and MAP and that between PGCL neuronal activity and MAP were both characterized by a plateau (maximal activity) at low MAP followed by a linear reduction reaching zero at a level called cutoff MAP. The theoretical intersection between the plateau and the linear decremental portion of these curves was defined as a corner MAP. Values of corner MAP determined at the three levels (AND, @entity3389 , PGCL) were identical in a given strain and reset by a common value in SHRs (38-40 mmHg). The gain of baroreceptor reflex measured at all three sites as the slope of the linear incremental (AND) or decremental (PGCL and sympathetic chain) portion of the activity-MAP relationship was the same in WKY @entity35 and in SHRs. @entity551 measured in PGCL was identical to that measured in peripheral sympathetic system for a given strain. There was no significant difference in maximal discharge rate of PGCL neurons nor in lumbar @entity3389 and no interstrain difference in the proportion of @entity3389 that was suppressible by arterial baroreceptor feedback.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Medullospinal sympathoexcitatory neurons in normotensive and spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity958 has three membrane-located cytokinin receptors ( @entity24618 , @entity24619 and @entity24620 / @entity24620 ), which are sensor @entity3793 kinases containing a ligand-binding CHASE domain. Despite their structural similarity the role of these receptors differs in planta. Here we have explored which parameters contribute to signal specification. In a bacterial assay, the CHASE domain of @entity24618 has a similar ligand binding spectrum as @entity24620 / @entity24620 . It shows the highest affinity for @entity22176 (iP) and @entity30119 (tZ) with an apparent K(D) of 1.4 and 4.0   nm, respectively. Real-time PCR analysis of cytokinin primary response genes in double mutants retaining only single receptors revealed that all receptors are activated in planta by cytokinin concentrations in the @entity258 . However, there are differences in sensitivity towards the principal cytokinins iP and tZ. The activation of the cytokinin-sensitive P( @entity24912 ) :GUS reporter gene in three different double mutants shows specific, but also overlapping, spatial domains of activity, which were for all receptors predominantly in the shoot apical meristems and root cap columella. @entity24618 and @entity24619 signal specifically in leaf parenchyma cells, @entity24619 in stomata cells, and @entity24620 / @entity24620 in the root vasculature. Promoter-swap experiments demonstrate that @entity24620 / @entity24620 can functionally replace @entity24618 but not @entity24619 . However, the cytoplasmic @entity24619 @entity3793 kinase (Hk) domain can be replaced by the @entity24620 / @entity24620 Hk domain, which suggests that functionality is mediated in this case by the extracytosolic domain. Together, the data show that both differential gene expression and ligand preference contribute to specify the receptor activity.

title: The specificity of cytokinin signalling in XXXX is mediated by differing ligand affinities and expression profiles of the receptors.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity22176 :: ('MESH:C001478', 'Chemical') :: ['isopentenyladenine']

entities_list: @entity30119 :: ('CHEBI:16522', 'Chemical') :: ['trans-zeatin']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low nanomolar range']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: Right hemisphere dominance in face processing is well established and unilateral right inferior temporo-occipital damage can result in @entity10400 . Here, we describe a 21-year-old right-handed @entity1 with @entity697 in face recognition that selectively concerned unfamiliar faces, following a focal left lateral temporo-occipital @entity1188 . She was severely impaired in discerning that unknown @entity1 seen in everyday life were unfamiliar, although she had no difficulty recognizing familiar @entity1 . Thus, she had no @entity10400 , but abnormal 'hyperfamiliarity' for unknown faces. Her difficulty was not accompanied by @entity51 in discrimination, identification or memory for faces. Standard neuropsychological testing showed that her recognition of familiar faces was entirely normal. By contrast, her sense of personally knowing faces was severely impaired when unknown faces evoked weak signals of familiarity based on spurious cues, to the extent that she would misattribute fame to faces that were unknown but to which she had been incidentally exposed on a prior occasion. Priming experiments also revealed that, unlike normal subjects, she made familiarity judgements without accessing semantic identity representations. Moreover, in face recognition tests, she generally showed bias in that she relied more on right-hemisphere strategies to identify global traits and less on left-hemisphere processes compared with healthy subjects. This case provides novel evidence for a differential contribution of the two hemispheres to face recognition. Hyperfamiliarity for unknown faces might arise from an imbalance between reciprocal hemispheric functions in face recognition, with relative hypoactivation of left hemisphere processes but hyperactivation of right-hemisphere processes for retrieving stored associations about @entity1 , linking seen faces to representations of affective and personal relevance. Hence, abnormal bias in attributing some personal meaning to unknown faces could be evoked by spurious signals of familiarity based on irrelevant affective associations in the right hemisphere.

title: Hyperfamiliarity for unknown faces after left lateral temporo-occipital XXXX : a double dissociation with @entity10400 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'people']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['delusions or deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['venous infarct']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['prosopagnosia']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['venous infarction']


abstract: Right hemisphere dominance in face processing is well established and unilateral right inferior temporo-occipital damage can result in @entity10400 . Here, we describe a 21-year-old right-handed @entity1 with @entity697 in face recognition that selectively concerned unfamiliar faces, following a focal left lateral temporo-occipital @entity1188 . She was severely impaired in discerning that unknown @entity1 seen in everyday life were unfamiliar, although she had no difficulty recognizing familiar @entity1 . Thus, she had no @entity10400 , but abnormal 'hyperfamiliarity' for unknown faces. Her difficulty was not accompanied by @entity51 in discrimination, identification or memory for faces. Standard neuropsychological testing showed that her recognition of familiar faces was entirely normal. By contrast, her sense of personally knowing faces was severely impaired when unknown faces evoked weak signals of familiarity based on spurious cues, to the extent that she would misattribute fame to faces that were unknown but to which she had been incidentally exposed on a prior occasion. Priming experiments also revealed that, unlike normal subjects, she made familiarity judgements without accessing semantic identity representations. Moreover, in face recognition tests, she generally showed bias in that she relied more on right-hemisphere strategies to identify global traits and less on left-hemisphere processes compared with healthy subjects. This case provides novel evidence for a differential contribution of the two hemispheres to face recognition. Hyperfamiliarity for unknown faces might arise from an imbalance between reciprocal hemispheric functions in face recognition, with relative hypoactivation of left hemisphere processes but hyperactivation of right-hemisphere processes for retrieving stored associations about @entity1 , linking seen faces to representations of affective and personal relevance. Hence, abnormal bias in attributing some personal meaning to unknown faces could be evoked by spurious signals of familiarity based on irrelevant affective associations in the right hemisphere.

title: Hyperfamiliarity for unknown faces after left lateral temporo-occipital @entity1188 : a double dissociation with XXXX .

answer: @entity10400 :: (MESH:D020238,Disease) :: ['prosopagnosia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fractures of the distal radius represent the most common @entity174 in elderly @entity1 , and often indicate the onset of symptomatic @entity170 . A variety of treatment options is available, including closed reduction and plaster casting, K-wire-stabilization, external fixation and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with @entity1688 plating. The latter is widely promoted by clinicians and hardware manufacturers. Closed reduction and cast stabilization for six weeks is a simple, convenient, and ubiquitously available intervention. In contrast, ORIF requires hospitalization, but allows for functional rehabilitation.Given the lack of randomized controlled trials, it remains unclear whether ORIF leads to better functional outcomes one year after injury than closed reduction and casting. METHODS/DESIGN: ORCHID (Open reduction and internal fixation versus casting for highly comminuted @entity7334 of the distal radius) is a pragmatic, randomized, multi-center, clinical trial with two parallel treatment arms. It is planned to include 504 @entity1 in 15 participating centers throughout Germany over a three-year period. @entity1 are allocated by a central web-based randomization tool.The primary objective is to determine differences in the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Physical Component Score (PCS) between @entity1688 plating and closed reduction and casting of intraarticular, comminuted distal radius fractures in @entity1 > 65 years of age one year after the @entity174 . Secondary outcomes include differences in other SF-36 dimensions, the EuroQol-5D questionnaire, the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) instrument. Also, the range of motion in the affected wrist, activities of daily living, complications (including secondary ORIF and revision surgery), as well as serious adverse events will be assessed. Data obtained during the trial will be used for later health-economic evaluations. The trial architecture involves a central statistical unit, an independent monitoring institute, and a data safety monitoring board. Following approval by the institutional review boards of all participating centers, conduct and reporting will strictly adhere to national and international rules, regulations, and recommendations (e.g., Good Clinical Practice, data safety laws, and EQUATOR/CONSORT proposals). DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, ORCHID is the first multicenter RCT designed to assess quality of life and functional outcomes following operative treatment compared to conservative treatment of complex, @entity7334 of the distal radius in elderly @entity1 . The results are expected to influence future treatment recommendations and policies on an international level. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN: ISRCTN76120052 Registration date: 31.07.2008; Randomization of first @entity1 : 15.09.2008.

title: Open reduction and internal fixation versus casting for highly comminuted and XXXX of the distal radius (ORCHID): protocol for a randomized clinical multi-center trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['volar locked']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular fractures']

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['intra-articular fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Weight misperception might preclude the adoption of healthful weight-related attitudes and behaviors among overweight and @entity28 individuals, yet limited research exists in this area. We examined associations between weight misperception and several weight-related attitudes and behaviors among a nationally representative sample of overweight and @entity28 US adults. METHODS: Data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. Analyses included non-pregnant, overweight and @entity28 (measured body mass index >=  25) adults aged 20 and older. Weight misperception was identified among those who reported themselves as "underweight" or "about the right weight". Outcome variables and sample sizes were: weight-loss attitudes/behaviors (wanting to weigh less and having tried to lose weight; n = 4,784); dietary intake (total energy intake; n=4,894); and physical activity (meets 2008 US physical activity recommendations, insufficiently active, and sedentary; n=5,401). Multivariable regression models were stratified by gender and race/ethnicity. Analyses were conducted in 2009-2010. RESULTS: These overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 who misperceived their weight were 71% (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.25-0.34) and 65% (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.29-0.42) less likely to report that they want to lose weight and 60% (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30-0.52) and 56% (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.32-0.59) less likely to have tried to lose weight within the past year, respectively, compared to those who accurately perceived themselves as overweight. Blacks were particularly less likely to have tried to lose weight. Weight misperception was not a significant predictor of total energy intake among most subgroups, but was associated with lower total energy intake among Hispanic @entity1 (change -252.72, 95% CI -433.25, -72.18). @entity1 who misperceived their weight were less likely (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52-0.89) to be insufficiently active (the strongest results were among Black @entity1 ) and @entity1 who misperceived their weight were less likely (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.54, 1.00, p=0.047) to meet activity recommendations compared to being sedentary. CONCLUSION: Overall, weight misperception among overweight and @entity28 adults was associated with less likelihood of interest in or attempts at @entity353 and less physical activity. These associations varied by gender and race/ethnicity. This study highlights the importance of focusing on inaccurate weight perceptions in targeted @entity353 efforts.

title: Does perception equal reality? Weight misperception in relation to weight-related attitudes and behaviors among overweight and XXXX US adults.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of serum Clara cell secretory protein 10 ( @entity10974 ) and total IgE concentration in wheezing @entity1 under 5 years old. METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 with recurrent wheezing under 5 years old were classified into two groups: wheezing group 1 with atopic high risks (n=33) and wheezing group 2 without atopic high risks (n=26). Twenty-three @entity1 without infectious diseases served as a control group. Serum levels of @entity10974 and IgE were measured using a solid-phase sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: The serum levels of @entity10974 in wheezing group 1 (3.95    1.26 ng/mL) and wheezing group 2 (5.41    1.64 ng/mL) were significantly lower than those in the control group (8.72    2.23 ng/mL; P<0.01). The wheezing group 1 showed more decreased serum levels of @entity10974 compared with wheezing group 2 (P<0.05). The serum IgE levels in wheezing group 1 were significantly higher than those in wheezing group 2 and the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum IgE levels between the wheezing group 2 and control group. There was a negative correlation between serum levels of @entity10974 and IgE in wheezing group 1 (r=-0.912, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity10974 levels decrease remarkably in wheezing @entity1 , and more significant decrease is noted in @entity1 with atopic high risks. Serum @entity10974 levels are negatively correlated to serum IgE levels in @entity1 with atopic high risks.

title: [Expression of serum Clara cell secretory protein 10 in wheezing XXXX under 5 years old].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: To study the molecular mechanisms by which drug resistance develops, we compared DU145 humanprostate @entity5 cells with a subline selected for resistance to @entity9800 . Differences in gene expression level were assessed by hybridizing the two cell types against each other using quadruplicate "Oncochip" cDNA microarrays that included 1648 @entity5 -related genes. Expression levels differing by a factor of >1.5 were detected for 181 of the genes. These differences were judged statistically reliable on the basis of a stratum-adjusted Kruskal-Wallis test, after taking into account a dye-dependent variable. The 181 expression-altered genes included a larger than expected number of the "apoptosis-related" genes (P = 0.04). To assess whether this observation reflected a generalized resistance of RCO.1 to apoptosis, we exposed the cells to a range of stresses ( @entity900 , @entity866 , UV, ionizing radiation, and serum starvation) and found greatly reduced apoptotic responses for RC0.1 (relative to DU145) using flow cytometric @entity4404 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assays. We next examined the apoptosis-related genes in the context of a molecular interaction map and found expression differences in the direction "expected" on the basis of the apoptosis-resistance of RC0.1 for @entity1835 , @entity8293 , and genes that signal via the Akt pathway. Exposure of the cells to @entity2307 , an inhibitor of the Akt effector @entity4357 3-kinase, provided functional support for involvement of the Akt pathway. However, closer examination of the molecular interaction map revealed a paradox: many of the expression differences observed for apoptosis-related genes were in the direction "contrary" to that expected given the resistance of RC0.1. The map indicated that most of these unexpected expression differences were associated with genes involved in the @entity2533 pathways. Overall, the patterns that emerged suggested a two-step model for the selection process that led to resistance in RC0.1 cells. The first hypothesized step would involve a decrease in apoptotic susceptibility through changes in the apoptosis-control machinery associated with the @entity588 and caspase gene families, and also in antiapoptotic pathways operating through @entity584 . The second step would involve changes in multifunctional upstream genes (including some genes in the nuclear factor kappa B and @entity2533 pathways) that can facilitate apoptosis but that would also tend to contribute to cell proliferation in the presence of drug. Thus, we propose that a downstream blockade of apoptosis was "permissive" for the selection of upstream pathway changes that would otherwise have induced apoptosis. This model is analogous to one suggested previously for the relationship between oncogene function and apoptosis in @entity105 .

title: Apoptotic susceptibility of XXXX cells selected for @entity9800 resistance: gene expression profiling, functional analysis, and molecular interaction mapping.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta', 'nuclear factor kappa B and transforming growth factor beta']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: To study the molecular mechanisms by which drug resistance develops, we compared DU145 humanprostate @entity5 cells with a subline selected for resistance to @entity9800 . Differences in gene expression level were assessed by hybridizing the two cell types against each other using quadruplicate "Oncochip" cDNA microarrays that included 1648 @entity5 -related genes. Expression levels differing by a factor of >1.5 were detected for 181 of the genes. These differences were judged statistically reliable on the basis of a stratum-adjusted Kruskal-Wallis test, after taking into account a dye-dependent variable. The 181 expression-altered genes included a larger than expected number of the "apoptosis-related" genes (P = 0.04). To assess whether this observation reflected a generalized resistance of RCO.1 to apoptosis, we exposed the cells to a range of stresses ( @entity900 , @entity866 , UV, ionizing radiation, and serum starvation) and found greatly reduced apoptotic responses for RC0.1 (relative to DU145) using flow cytometric @entity4404 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assays. We next examined the apoptosis-related genes in the context of a molecular interaction map and found expression differences in the direction "expected" on the basis of the apoptosis-resistance of RC0.1 for @entity1835 , @entity8293 , and genes that signal via the Akt pathway. Exposure of the cells to @entity2307 , an inhibitor of the Akt effector @entity4357 3-kinase, provided functional support for involvement of the Akt pathway. However, closer examination of the molecular interaction map revealed a paradox: many of the expression differences observed for apoptosis-related genes were in the direction "contrary" to that expected given the resistance of RC0.1. The map indicated that most of these unexpected expression differences were associated with genes involved in the @entity2533 pathways. Overall, the patterns that emerged suggested a two-step model for the selection process that led to resistance in RC0.1 cells. The first hypothesized step would involve a decrease in apoptotic susceptibility through changes in the apoptosis-control machinery associated with the @entity588 and caspase gene families, and also in antiapoptotic pathways operating through @entity584 . The second step would involve changes in multifunctional upstream genes (including some genes in the nuclear factor kappa B and @entity2533 pathways) that can facilitate apoptosis but that would also tend to contribute to cell proliferation in the presence of drug. Thus, we propose that a downstream blockade of apoptosis was "permissive" for the selection of upstream pathway changes that would otherwise have induced apoptosis. This model is analogous to one suggested previously for the relationship between oncogene function and apoptosis in @entity105 .

title: Apoptotic susceptibility of @entity5 cells selected for XXXX resistance: gene expression profiling, functional analysis, and molecular interaction mapping.

answer: @entity9800 :: (MESH:D002166,Chemical) :: ['camptothecin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To construct double gene deletions at the htrA and clpP loci on the chromosome of @entity6586 (Sm) and to remove the antibiotic resistance markers with the Cre-loxP(*) site-specific recombination system. METHODS: The htrA gene was cloned into the pGEM-T-Easy TA cloning vector and then inactivated via the insertion of a @entity7913 resistance cassette (lox71-Km-lox66), yielding pGEM-T-/\htrA/Km for deleting the htrA gene. Using the same method, the pGEM-T-/\clpP/Sp was constructed for deleting the clpP gene. Following the transformation of pGEM-T-/\htrA/Km in Sm, the homologous recombination event was selected. One such mutant was transformed with a cre expression plasmid (pCrePA). The @entity7913 resistance gene was then excised. The pCrePA was then easily eliminated at nonpermissive temperatures, resulting in a mutant strain ( @entity15 /\htrA) carrying a deletion at the htrA loci without a selectable marker. This mutant was verified by PCR and DNA sequencing. Then, the clpP and @entity6760 resistance gene were deleted from @entity15 /\htrA, yielding markerless mutant strain lacking clpP and htrA. RESULTS: The deletion of htrA, clpP and antibiotic resistance markers were confirmed by PCR analysis and DNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: A mutant of Sm was constructed successfully which contained a deletion of the htrA and clpP gene without selectable marker. The Cre-loxP(*) system can be applied to Sm, which provides experimental evidence for generating markerless multiple gene deletion mutants.

title: [Application of Cre-loxP(*) system in constructing the markerless double-gene-deletion strain in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans']

entities_list: @entity6760 :: ('MESH:D000198', 'Chemical') :: ['spectinomycin']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: We measured response to 250 micrograms @entity3044 in 985 @entity1 with @entity1030 who were carefully studied and followed closely for nearly 3 yr. Response was quantitated in relative (% increase in FEV1) and absolute (change in FEV1 as a % predicted normal) terms. @entity1 were told to abstain from bronchodilator for 6 h before testing, and responses were larger in those who said they had done this. Responses were not related to blood @entity2544 concentrations. In @entity1 who had abstained for 6 h, response averaged 15% of the baseline FEV1 or 5% of the predicted normal FEV1. Relative response was inversely proportional to baseline FEV1, whereas absolute response was directly related to baseline FEV1. Responses were positively related to symptomatic wheezing and exercise capacity, and negatively to smoking history, but these features accounted for little of the observed variation in response. @entity1 with large relative and absolute responses demonstrated increased variability of FEV1 with time and a decreased annual rate of decline of FEV1. There was little change in response with time, and the change observed could probably be explained by a gradual decrease in FEV1. However, time-related interindividual and intraindividual variations of response were large and impossible to separate from random variations of FEV1.

title: Bronchodilator response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The machinery of peptidoglycan biosynthesis is an ideal site at which to look for novel antimicrobial targets. Phage display was used to develop novel peptide inhibitors for MurC, an essential enzyme involved in the early steps of biosynthesis of peptidoglycan monomer. METHODS: We cloned and overexpressed the murA, -B and -C genes from @entity796 in the pET expression vector, adding a His-tag to their C termini. The three proteins were overproduced in @entity526 and purified to homogeneity in milligram quantities. MurA and -B were combinatorially used to synthesize the MurC substrate @entity858 - @entity72605 , the identity of which was confirmed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Two phage-display libraries were screened against MurC in order to identify peptide ligands to the enzyme. RESULTS: Three rounds of biopanning were carried out, successively increasing elution specificity from round 1 to 3. The third round was accomplished with both non-specific elution and competitive elution with each of the three MurC substrates, @entity858 - @entity72606 (UNAM), @entity855 and @entity5098 . The DNA of 10 phage, selected randomly from each group, was extracted and sequenced, and consensus peptide sequences were elucidated. Peptides were synthesized and tested for inhibition of the MurC-catalysed reaction, and two peptides were shown to be inhibitors of MurC activity with IC(50)s of 1.5 and 0.9 mM, respectively. CONCLUSION: The powerful selection technique of phage display allowed us to identify two peptide inhibitors of the essential bacterial enzyme MurC. The peptide sequences represent the basis for the synthesis of inhibitory peptidomimetic molecules.

title: Identification of novel inhibitors of XXXX MurC enzyme derived from phage-displayed peptide libraries.

entities_list: @entity5098 :: ('CHEBI:16977', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alanine']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity72605 :: ('CHEBI:28881', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylmuramate']

entities_list: @entity72606 :: ('MESH:C031651', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylmuramic acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Compare the change of pre- and post-operative posterior corneal curvature measurements in peripheral fitting zones using the Orbscan II topographer in @entity1 undergoing myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). To establish a new ratio of the anterior and posterior corneal curvature for the calculation of preoperative total corneal power using postoperative corneal data alone in @entity1 after LASIK. METHODS: Retrospectively analyzed the changes of posterior corneal curvature in peripheral 7 to 10 mm fitting zones in 151 right eyes (151 individuals) 3 month after LASIK as measured by Orbscan II. The new ratio between the anterior and posterior corneal curvature was measured. The new ratio was used to estimate pre-operative total corneal refractive power in 30 eyes. The estimated total corneal refractive power was compared with the value measured from Orbscan II preoperatively. The accuracy of intraocular lens power estimated in 2 cases underwent @entity231 surgery after corneal refractive surgery was studied. RESULTS: The mean difference in estimated pre- and post-operative power of the posterior @entity267 was (-0.005    0.154) mm (t = 0.417, P = 0.677). The ratio between the preoperative anterior central (0 - 7 mm) corneal curvature and the posterior peripheral (7 to 10 mm) corneal curvature was 1.167    0.030. Estimated mean pre-operative total corneal power was (43.49    1.79) D, whereas the value measuring from Orbscan II preoperatively was (43.77    1.53) D. The mean difference between these two measurements was (-0.28    1.00) D (t = -1.523, P = 0.139). The spherical equivalent refraction after @entity231 extraction of the two cases undertaken @entity231 surgery after corneal refractive surgery was 0.54 D and 0.69 D, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in posterior corneal curvature measurement following myopic LASIK using the peripheral fitting zone with the Orbscan II, as compared to the preoperative values, is clinically insignificant. The pre-LASIK corneal power can be estimated using post-LASIK data together with the new calculated ratio. This will be useful in post-LASIK @entity1 requiring @entity231 surgery but without the availability of pre-LASIK corneal data for the estimation of the intraocular lens power.

title: [Estimation of preoperative corneal power in XXXX with myopic LASIK based on postoperative corneal data measured from Orbscan II].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Out of 2.513 clinical files of @entity56 @entity1 , we have found 200 pollen- @entity56 @entity1 , which represent 7.9% of the total @entity56 pathology in @entity1 , in our environment. We have studied in these 200, the most important epidemiological parameters and the influence that this can cause upon the characteristics of this disease. A male predominance has been found (70%) and it has been discovered that 52% of the total were born in spring (p less than 0.0005). An hundred per cent have shown grass-pollen sensitiveness and 52% have also shown other kinds of pollen @entity56 . It has been found familiar @entity56 background in 76.5% of the cases and in 32.5% familiar @entity56 history of @entity2023 . Unexpectedly, those who were in lack of familiar @entity56 history began their clinical symptoms earlier; 51.06% before 6 years of age (p less than 0.05). Other kinds of @entity56 manifestations were found in 51%, being respiratory symptoms the most important (35.5%), followed by the cutaneous (23.5%) and digestive ones (10.5%). Allergy to drugs was found in 10.5%. The more frequent symptoms of @entity2023 were in order of importance: @entity2490 (86.5%), @entity2024 (77%), @entity565 (48%), spasmodic cough (27.5%) and @entity110 (4%). @entity565 induced by grass-pollen @entity56 was equally suffered by the males as by the females, and this was more frequent among the @entity1 who had previously suffered from @entity1576 .

title: [Natural history of XXXX in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pollinosis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['non-pollinic respiratory allergies']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['pollinosis']


abstract: Unlike its cutaneous counterpart, prognostic markers for primary @entity320 have not been well elucidated. It has been recently demonstrated that microvascular density (MVD) in @entity320 has a significant negative correlation with survival; however, this has not been well-studied in @entity320 of the head and neck. This study explores the potential association between MVD, various histological parameters, and the outcome of a series of @entity3136 . Nineteen such cases were immunostained with @entity2279 and the MVD was calculated by using Bioquant Image Analysis Software (R and M Biometrics, Nashville, @entity7443 ). These cases included 16 sinonasal and 3 oral @entity5 . The 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5  years overall survival rates were 75, 57, 61, 46 and 46%, respectively. The MVD of the @entity5 ranged from 25.7 to 732 vessels/mm(2) (mean 142.8 vessels/mm(2); median 84.7 vessels/mm(2)). There was no significant correlation between the MVD and the different clinicopathological features seen within the @entity5 . There was also no correlation between the MVD and relapse free and overall survival. The results of this study suggest that MVD does not correlate with outcome in @entity320 of the head and neck as seen in cutaneous @entity320 . Further larger studies are needed to identify predictive and prognostic markers in such @entity320 .

title: Lack of correlation between microvascular density and pathological features and outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['sinonasal and oral mucosal melanomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cavity tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'cutaneous malignant melanoma', 'mucosal malignant melanoma', 'mucosal melanoma']

answer: @entity3136 :: (MESH:D013280,Disease) :: ['sinonasal and oral mucosal melanomas']


abstract: @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) is frequently encountered in @entity130 . The clinical manifestation ranges from no impairment in light cases to @entity204 due to right-sided @entity712 or hypoxaemia in severe cases. Occasionally, @entity1151 can give rise to a @entity7123 ( @entity7123 ), which is marked by @entity177 , @entity1576 , @entity204 . It is well known that @entity174 of long bones can lead to @entity1151 . Several authors have argued that @entity1151 can arise due to mere soft tissue injury in the absence of @entity174 , a claim other authors disagree upon. In this study, we retrospectively examined 50 victims of @entity130 with regard to grade and extent of @entity174 and crushing of subcutaneous fatty tissue and presence and severity of @entity1151 . Our results indicate that @entity1151 can arise due to mere crushing of subcutaneous fat and that the @entity174 grade correlated well with @entity1151 severity (p   =   0.011). The correlation between @entity1151 and the @entity174 severity (body regions affected by @entity174 and @entity174 grade) showed a lesser significant correlation (p   =   0.170). The survival time (p   =   0.567), the amount of body regions affected by fat crushing (p   =   0.336) and the fat crush grade (p   =   0.485) did not correlate with the @entity1151 grade, nor did the amount of body regions affected by @entity174 . These results may have clinical implications for the assessment of a possible @entity7123 development, as, if the risk of a @entity1151 is known, preventive steps can be taken.

title: Correlation of fat embolism severity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity7123 :: ('MESH:D004620', 'Disease') :: ['fat embolism syndrome', 'FES']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PFE', 'pulmonary fat embolism', 'Pulmonary fat embolism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['petechiae and often death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['subcutaneous fatty tissue crushing and bone fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Sigmoid resection is now considered as a standard procedure for acute and recurrent @entity4436 ( @entity4436 ). In the last decade significant changes in preoperative diagnosis with computed tomography (CT) scanning and surgical access (laparoscopy) have been implemented. The aim of this study was to examine whether this has led to changes in the indications for surgical therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Consecutive admissions of 1,154 @entity1 from January 1995 to December 2009 with acute @entity4436 were prospectively included. In terms of pre-operative and intraoperative findings and postoperative course 3 treatment periods (TP) were distinguished: TP I 1995-1999, TP II 2000-2004 and TP III 2005-2009. RESULTS: CT scanning was used in more than 90% of cases since TP II compared to 51% during TP I (p<0.001). The ratio of emergency versus elective surgery significantly increased in favor of elective surgery (p<0.001). The rate of laparoscopy-assisted sigmoid resections showed a continuous increase from 53% in TP I to 71% in TP III (p<0.001) while the rate of Hartmann's procedures decreased over time (p<0.001). Overall, the rate of surgically treated @entity1 decreased during the time periods studied despite an increase in the total number of @entity1 with @entity4436 (TP III versus TP I +41%.) The rate of conservatively treated @entity1 increased significantly (p<0.001). The morbidity rate decreased (p<0,001) whereas mortality rates remained at a constantly low level (p=0.175). CONCLUSION: The increasing use of CT diagnosis and the laparoscopic approach led to a shift from emergency surgery with a high complication rate to elective surgery with a high rate of primary restoration of continuity and low morbidity. However, the indications for surgery and therefore the overall rate of @entity1 who underwent surgery did not increase due to these changes.

title: [Acute XXXX . Are operations more frequent since the introduction of laparoscopy and CT scanning?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'sigmoid diverticulitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['sigmoid diverticulitis']


abstract: Serial venom antigen levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 46 @entity1 with systemic envenoming by the Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma), a major cause of snake bite in Southeast Asia. The principal effects of the venom are defibrination, @entity548 and local tissue @entity39 . Admission venom levels, which varied between 0 and 595 ng/ml, correlated with the incidence of spontaneous @entity548 , @entity1503 and concentrations of plasma @entity2002 and serum fibrin degradation products. The presence or absence of nonclotting blood also correlated with the time elapsed between the bite and hospital admission. The development of nonclotting blood may be delayed by up to 72 hr after the bite even though circulating venom and raised FDP may be detected at presentation. This is probably explained by a temporary equilibrium between synthesis and consumption of @entity2002 . Venom antigenemia recurred in 12 @entity1 (26%) suggesting continuous absorption of venom from the wound or saturation of extravascular binding sites. Admission venom levels also correlated with the extent of local swelling and the occurrence of tissue @entity39 at the site of the bite. Venom was detected in 87% of wound aspirates and 88% of urine specimens taken on admission. Tourniquets, of the type used in rural Thailand, did not delay the absorption of venom into the circulation.

title: Clinical significance of venom antigen levels in XXXX envenomed by the Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'systemic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood incoagulability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality are greatly enhanced in @entity1 with @entity740 , partly due to increased arterial @entity2693 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study included 63 stable @entity2033 @entity1 . Stiffness parameters were evaluated by applanation tonometry before the mid-week @entity2033 sessions. Pre- @entity2033 bioimpedance parameters were measured. A phase angle <six degrees was previously reported as abnormal, reflecting extracellular @entity5225 . Fluid status was evaluated echocardiographic by measuring the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular reactivity were assessed by changes in @entity53099 following sublingual @entity1242 and inhaled @entity3045 . RESULTS: @entity122 directly correlated with @entity1 ' age and dialysis vintage. @entity1 with a phase angle <6  , were significantly overhydrated (larger IVC, increased ECW, and lower ICW), had stiffer arteries and greater @entity5707 ( @entity5707 ), compared with those with a phase angle >6  . Overhydration increases arterial @entity2693 , but has no influence on either EID or ED vascular reactivity. CONCLUSION: In hemodialysis, @entity1284 is an important contributor to increased arterial @entity2693 and modifies @entity65 especially by @entity1184 . Achieving normohydration may significantly ameliorate @entity299 and arterial @entity2693 and may impact major clinical events and CV mortality.

title: Changes in arterial XXXX following dialysis in relation to @entity5225 and to endothelial function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity5225 :: ('MESH:C566111', 'Disease') :: ['overhydration']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricle mass', 'LVM']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular status']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity2693 :: (MESH:C566112,Disease) :: ['stiffness']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality are greatly enhanced in @entity1 with @entity740 , partly due to increased arterial @entity2693 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study included 63 stable @entity2033 @entity1 . Stiffness parameters were evaluated by applanation tonometry before the mid-week @entity2033 sessions. Pre- @entity2033 bioimpedance parameters were measured. A phase angle <six degrees was previously reported as abnormal, reflecting extracellular @entity5225 . Fluid status was evaluated echocardiographic by measuring the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular reactivity were assessed by changes in @entity53099 following sublingual @entity1242 and inhaled @entity3045 . RESULTS: @entity122 directly correlated with @entity1 ' age and dialysis vintage. @entity1 with a phase angle <6  , were significantly overhydrated (larger IVC, increased ECW, and lower ICW), had stiffer arteries and greater @entity5707 ( @entity5707 ), compared with those with a phase angle >6  . Overhydration increases arterial @entity2693 , but has no influence on either EID or ED vascular reactivity. CONCLUSION: In hemodialysis, @entity1284 is an important contributor to increased arterial @entity2693 and modifies @entity65 especially by @entity1184 . Achieving normohydration may significantly ameliorate @entity299 and arterial @entity2693 and may impact major clinical events and CV mortality.

title: Changes in arterial @entity2693 following dialysis in relation to XXXX and to endothelial function.

answer: @entity5225 :: (MESH:C566111,Disease) :: ['overhydration']


abstract: In developing lymphocytes, the recombination activating gene endonuclease cleaves DNA between V, D, or J coding and @entity13563 ( @entity13563 ) sequences to form hairpin coding and blunt @entity13563 ends, which are fused to form coding and @entity13563 joins. Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) factors repair DNA double strand breaks including those induced during VDJ recombination. @entity1 radiosensitive severe @entity465 results from lack of Artemis function, an NHEJ factor with in vitro endonuclease/exonuclease activities. We inactivated Artemis in @entity19 @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) cells by targeted mutation. @entity942 results in impaired VDJ coding, but not @entity13563 , end joining. In addition, Artemis-deficient @entity2085 cells are sensitive to a radiomimetic drug, but less sensitive to ionizing radiation. VDJ coding joins from Artemis-deficient @entity2085 cells, which surprisingly are distinct from the highly deleted joins consistently obtained from DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit-deficient @entity2085 cells, frequently lack deletions and often display large junctional palindromes, consistent with a hairpin coding end opening defect. Strikingly, Artemis-deficient @entity2085 cells have increased chromosomal instability including telomeric fusions. Thus, Artemis appears to be required for a subset of NHEJ reactions that require end processing. Moreover, Artemis functions as a genomic caretaker, most notably in prevention of translocations and telomeric fusions. As @entity942 is compatible with @entity1 life, Artemis may also suppress genomic instability in @entity1 .

title: Defective DNA repair and increased genomic instability in Artemis-deficient XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity13563 :: ('MESH:C535296', 'Disease') :: ['recombination signal', 'RS']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'embryonic stem']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['combined immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['Artemis deficiency']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The two main tasks of a meristem, self-perpetuation and organ initiation, are separated spatially. Slowly dividing cells in the meristem center act as pluripotent stem cells, and only their derivatives in the meristem periphery specify new organs. Meristem integrity and cellular proliferation are controlled in part by regulatory interactions between genes that are expressed in specific subdomains of the meristem. Using transposon-mediated activation tagging, we have identified Dornr  schen ( @entity72607 -D) mutants of @entity958 that prematurely arrest shoot meristem activity with the formation of radialized lateral organs. The mutated gene ( @entity72607 / @entity72607 ), which encodes an @entity30387 /ERF protein, is expressed in a subdomain of meristem stem cells, in lateral organ anlagen, and transiently in the distal domain of organ primordia. During the development of @entity72607 -D mutants, expression of the homeobox gene SHOOTMERISTEMLESS is downregulated and later reactivated in an altered domain. In addition, we found increased expression of @entity30457 and @entity30456 , two genes that antagonistically regulate stem cell fate in meristems. These findings suggest that the @entity72607 / @entity72607 gene product is involved in the regulation of gene expression patterns in meristems. Furthermore, specific misexpression of @entity72607 in meristem stem cells affects organ polarity and outgrowth in the meristem periphery, indicating that @entity72607 / @entity72607 itself, or a process regulated by @entity72607 / @entity72607 , can act non-cell-autonomously. We elaborate on the role of @entity72607 / @entity72607 in meristem and organ development and discuss its possible role in the process of shoot regeneration.

title: The DORNROSCHEN/ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1 gene of XXXX acts in the control of meristem ccll fate and lateral organ development.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Lead subacetate (0.5g) and 1000 units of @entity560 were given three times a week to four newly-weaned @entity2608 . In addition, two animals received only the @entity560 . The poisoned animals had an increase in the urinary excretion of @entity8454 , an elevated content of lead in the blood, and a fall in hemoglobin concentration. Between 6 and 18 weeks the animals suddenly developed @entity2055 , @entity346 , generalized weakness, and @entity410 . At this time the animals were killed by perfusion of fixative and the brain prepared for light and electron microscopic studies. Definite morphological evidence of disease was confined to the central nervous system, except for one animal which showed the characteristic renal inclusions of @entity10108 . All animals showed PAS-positive globules associated with blood vessels and an exudative @entity4 involving the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum. Ultra-structurally, this appeared as a granular precipitate within an expanded extracellular space. Alterations of nerve fibers were not seen in the white matter but axonal swelling was observed in the cerebral cortex. The perikaryon and neuropil appeared normal. The control animals showed no significant cerebral changes.

title: Experimental acute lead encephalopathy in the juvenile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity10108 :: ('MESH:D007855', 'Disease') :: ['lead poisoning']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['delta-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in young @entity1 is associated with a poor outcome due to advanced stage at diagnosis and poor differentiation. AIM: The aim of this study is to compare clinicopathological characteristics, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) of young ( <=40 years) and older @entity1 with @entity14 . METHODS: A total of 2,538 @entity1 including 59 young @entity1 (age  <=40 years) with @entity14 were identified over 20 years. The clinicopathological variables of young @entity1 were compared with a group of consecutive older @entity1 (n = 416) spanning both decades. Survival analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier, log-rank and Cox regression models. RESULTS: The frequency in young @entity1 increased from 1.4% to 3.0% from first to second decade (overall -2.3%, p = 0.006). There was a higher frequency of @entity5 with poor differentiation (43% vs. 16%, p = < 0.001), T4 stage (47% vs. 30%, p = 0.005) and vascular invasion (VI; 38% vs. 29%, p = 0.13) in younger group. There was no significant difference in @entity1349 (p = 0.116) and DFS (p = 0.261) between the two groups. Node-negative young @entity1 had a significantly better @entity1349 (p = 0.046). Young @entity1 with VI had significantly reduced @entity1349 (p = 0.043), whereas young @entity1 without VI had significantly better @entity1349 (p = 0.012). Multivariate analysis showed T4 status (p = 0.001) and vascular invasion (p = 0.002) as independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 and T4 status (p = 0.004) as independent factor influencing DFS. CONCLUSION: The frequency of @entity14 in young @entity1 increased significantly. Vascular invasion is the single most important prognostic factor in young @entity14 . Along with vascular invasion, high proportion of T4 status in young @entity1 increases the chances of recurrence and negates any survival advantage in young @entity1 .

title: XXXX in the young: trends, characteristics and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine long-term (>10 years) visual outcome in @entity1 with @entity1804 . METHODS Retrospective case series.RESULTS Among 18 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity1804 (1 @entity1 died postoperatively), 1 experienced initial improvement in vision in both eyes, 8 experienced improvement in vision in one eye and maintained stable vision in the other eye, 2 experienced @entity227 in the other, 3 experienced worsening of @entity227 in one eye, and 4 maintained stable visual acuity in both eyes. No @entity1 experienced postoperative @entity227 . During 10 years or more of follow-up, 10 of the @entity1 (56%) maintained stable vision in both eyes, 6 @entity1 (33%) experienced @entity1018 in one eye while maintaining stable vision in the other, and 2 @entity1 (11%) experienced @entity1018 in both eyes. During this period, 7 of the 18 @entity1 (39%) developed neuroimaging evidence of @entity5 growth or recurrence, with a mean time of 10.7 years. Four of these @entity1 were thought to have had gross total resection of their @entity5 . @entity1 who experienced worsening of vision during the follow-up period were more likely to have developed neuroimaging evidence of growth or recurrence (five @entity1 ) than @entity1 without such evidence (two @entity1 ), and such @entity1 did not regain vision following subsequent surgery or radiation therapy. Nevertheless, at final examination, 13 @entity1 (72%) had visual acuity of 20/40 or better in at least one eye. CONCLUSIONS The long-term visual prognosis for @entity1 who undergo surgery for @entity1804 is excellent, although @entity5 recurrence is common, even in @entity1 thought to have undergone gross total @entity5 , and often occurs more than 10 years after surgery. @entity1 who develop @entity5 recurrence are likely to lose vision in at least one eye and are unlikely to achieve improvement in vision with subsequent surgery or radiation therapy. Thus, @entity1 with @entity1804 believed to have been completely resected should undergo long-term, serial postoperative clinical examinations and neuroimaging to allow detection and further treatment of recurrences as early as possible. Postoperative radiation therapy should be considered for @entity1 whose @entity1804 have been incompletely resected.

title: Visual outcome in surgically treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['improvement in vision in one eye and worsening of vision', 'vision in one eye and stable vision', 'worsening of vision in both eyes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of their tumor']

entities_list: @entity1804 :: ('MESH:D020863', 'Disease') :: ['suprasellar meningioma', 'suprasellar meningiomas']

answer: @entity1804 :: (MESH:D020863,Disease) :: ['suprasellar meningiomas']


abstract: Thirty HLA-A2 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 received up to 14 vaccinations with MDA-MB-231- @entity7938 , an HLA-A2 allogeneic @entity0 cell line, which had been lipofected with the cDNA for the @entity7938 costimulatory molecule. @entity5 cells were administered with BCG or @entity2841 as an adjuvant. Sera obtained before and after vaccination were analyzed for antibodies to @entity5 cell lysate, @entity2355 , @entity1722 / @entity1722 and @entity876 . Since the cell line was grown in @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ), sera were also analyzed for antibodies to @entity2241 . Eighteen of 24 @entity1 for whom sera were available exhibited anti- @entity2241 activity at baseline. Eleven of these 18 @entity1 and all six @entity1 without baseline anti- @entity2241 activity showed an increased titer after vaccination. The anti- @entity2241 activity required that serum samples be absorbed in excess @entity2241 to detect specific antibodies to @entity5 cell lysate. A two-fold increase in the titer of IgG specific to @entity5 cell lysate was observed in 6 @entity1 . Eight of 24 @entity1 made an antibody response to @entity1722 , four of 24 to @entity2355 and one of 24 to @entity876 . Although antibody production to a variety of @entity5 cell-associated antigens was detected our results suggest that a whole cell vaccine comprising a @entity7938 -transfected allogeneic @entity0 cell line with adjuvant BCG or @entity2841 was not a reliable method to induce significant antibody responses in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Identification of @entity5 -specific antibodies in @entity1 with XXXX vaccinated with gene-modified @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fetal bovine serum']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Thirty HLA-A2 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 received up to 14 vaccinations with MDA-MB-231- @entity7938 , an HLA-A2 allogeneic @entity0 cell line, which had been lipofected with the cDNA for the @entity7938 costimulatory molecule. @entity5 cells were administered with BCG or @entity2841 as an adjuvant. Sera obtained before and after vaccination were analyzed for antibodies to @entity5 cell lysate, @entity2355 , @entity1722 / @entity1722 and @entity876 . Since the cell line was grown in @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ), sera were also analyzed for antibodies to @entity2241 . Eighteen of 24 @entity1 for whom sera were available exhibited anti- @entity2241 activity at baseline. Eleven of these 18 @entity1 and all six @entity1 without baseline anti- @entity2241 activity showed an increased titer after vaccination. The anti- @entity2241 activity required that serum samples be absorbed in excess @entity2241 to detect specific antibodies to @entity5 cell lysate. A two-fold increase in the titer of IgG specific to @entity5 cell lysate was observed in 6 @entity1 . Eight of 24 @entity1 made an antibody response to @entity1722 , four of 24 to @entity2355 and one of 24 to @entity876 . Although antibody production to a variety of @entity5 cell-associated antigens was detected our results suggest that a whole cell vaccine comprising a @entity7938 -transfected allogeneic @entity0 cell line with adjuvant BCG or @entity2841 was not a reliable method to induce significant antibody responses in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Identification of XXXX -specific antibodies in @entity1 with @entity0 vaccinated with gene-modified @entity5 cells.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Thirty HLA-A2 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 received up to 14 vaccinations with MDA-MB-231- @entity7938 , an HLA-A2 allogeneic @entity0 cell line, which had been lipofected with the cDNA for the @entity7938 costimulatory molecule. @entity5 cells were administered with BCG or @entity2841 as an adjuvant. Sera obtained before and after vaccination were analyzed for antibodies to @entity5 cell lysate, @entity2355 , @entity1722 / @entity1722 and @entity876 . Since the cell line was grown in @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ), sera were also analyzed for antibodies to @entity2241 . Eighteen of 24 @entity1 for whom sera were available exhibited anti- @entity2241 activity at baseline. Eleven of these 18 @entity1 and all six @entity1 without baseline anti- @entity2241 activity showed an increased titer after vaccination. The anti- @entity2241 activity required that serum samples be absorbed in excess @entity2241 to detect specific antibodies to @entity5 cell lysate. A two-fold increase in the titer of IgG specific to @entity5 cell lysate was observed in 6 @entity1 . Eight of 24 @entity1 made an antibody response to @entity1722 , four of 24 to @entity2355 and one of 24 to @entity876 . Although antibody production to a variety of @entity5 cell-associated antigens was detected our results suggest that a whole cell vaccine comprising a @entity7938 -transfected allogeneic @entity0 cell line with adjuvant BCG or @entity2841 was not a reliable method to induce significant antibody responses in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Identification of @entity5 -specific antibodies in @entity1 with @entity0 vaccinated with gene-modified XXXX cells.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['allogeneic tumor']


abstract: Thirty HLA-A2 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 received up to 14 vaccinations with MDA-MB-231- @entity7938 , an HLA-A2 allogeneic @entity0 cell line, which had been lipofected with the cDNA for the @entity7938 costimulatory molecule. @entity5 cells were administered with BCG or @entity2841 as an adjuvant. Sera obtained before and after vaccination were analyzed for antibodies to @entity5 cell lysate, @entity2355 , @entity1722 / @entity1722 and @entity876 . Since the cell line was grown in @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ), sera were also analyzed for antibodies to @entity2241 . Eighteen of 24 @entity1 for whom sera were available exhibited anti- @entity2241 activity at baseline. Eleven of these 18 @entity1 and all six @entity1 without baseline anti- @entity2241 activity showed an increased titer after vaccination. The anti- @entity2241 activity required that serum samples be absorbed in excess @entity2241 to detect specific antibodies to @entity5 cell lysate. A two-fold increase in the titer of IgG specific to @entity5 cell lysate was observed in 6 @entity1 . Eight of 24 @entity1 made an antibody response to @entity1722 , four of 24 to @entity2355 and one of 24 to @entity876 . Although antibody production to a variety of @entity5 cell-associated antigens was detected our results suggest that a whole cell vaccine comprising a @entity7938 -transfected allogeneic @entity0 cell line with adjuvant BCG or @entity2841 was not a reliable method to induce significant antibody responses in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Identification of @entity5 -specific antibodies in XXXX with @entity0 vaccinated with gene-modified @entity5 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether a previous high @entity4957 (HTO) influences the long-term function or survival of a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We compared long-term functional scores and survival of bilateral TKAs in @entity1 who had a previous HTO in one of the knees. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1980 to 1995, we performed 5043 primary TKAs; 39 of these @entity1 had bilateral TKAs at an average of 8.7 years after unilateral HTO. Surgery was simultaneous in 32 @entity1 and staged in seven. There were 12 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 with an average age of 66.9 years at the time of surgery. At last followup, 19 of the 39 @entity1 were living and had been reevaluated since our previous study. We determined function with Knee Society scores. The length of followup for @entity1 who had HTOs averaged 14 years (range, 3-21 years); for @entity1 without HTOs, the average followup was 13.9 years (range, 3-22 years). RESULTS: We observed no differences in Knee Society function and radiographic and @entity158 scores between the knees without and with previous HTO. Terminal extension and flexion, arc of motion, and knee alignment were similar between the knees. There were no femorotibial revisions in either group of knees. Survival at 15 years was 100% for knees without previous HTO and 97% for knees with previous HTO. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest a previous high @entity4957 does not influence the function or survival of a knee long term. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Does high XXXX affect the success or survival of a total knee replacement?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['tibial osteotomy']

answer: @entity4957 :: (MESH:D020429,Disease) :: ['tibial osteotomy']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of @entity3100 in the Bordeaux area (Dermatology Unit of the H  pital des Enfants, Bordeaux) during a 6-year period (January, 1979 to December, 1984). @entity281 of the hair was proven by culture in 124 @entity1 , 21 of whom had a negative @entity4014 direct examination. Age and sex distribution are shown in figure 1. One case was observed in a 15 days old @entity1 , and 4 cases in adult females (3 young black mothers of affected @entity1 , 1 elderly white @entity1 ). Table I indicates the geographical origin of the @entity1 and the isolates identified. The incidence of anthropophilic dermatophytes has increased from 13 p. 100 to 50 p. 100 since our previous survey (1975-1978). M. langeronii (29 cases), T. soudanense (19 cases) and T. violaceum (10 cases) were isolated mostly among African immigrants from Western tropical Africa and the Maghreb. However, 4 @entity1 of French origin without any history of previous sojourn in endemic areas developed @entity3100 due to M. langeronii; the source of contamination could not be determined. Zoophilic dermatophyte infection was mainly caused by @entity14476 (50 cases), with @entity468 being the most frequent source of contamination. Family cases were frequent: 64 corresponding to 28 families. This may be due to either interhuman contamination or the presence of a contact pet animal in the family. The discussion is focused on: the shift in dermatophytic isolates from @entity3100 toward anthropophilic species, notably M. langeronii, mainly caused by an increased immigration from West Africa; the relevant clinical and mycological correlations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Course of the dermatophytic spectrum in XXXX . Apropos of 124 cases seen in Bordeaux].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4014 :: ('MESH:C029943', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatophytic infection']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['tinea capitis']

answer: @entity3100 :: (MESH:D014006,Disease) :: ['tinea capitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to analyze the results of the intratympanic injection of @entity801 as a treatment option for @entity1 with unilateral @entity9303 who were refractory to medical treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study in the setting of a tertiary care medical center. METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 with unilateral @entity9303 according to 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 1995 guidelines who had been unresponsive to medical therapy for at least 1 year were studied. Intratympanic injections of a prepared concentration of 27 mg/mL @entity801 were performed at weekly intervals until the development of symptoms and signs indicative of @entity394 in the treated ear. As the main outcome measure, the 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery criteria for reporting treatment outcome in @entity9303 were used. The results of treatment were expressed in terms of control of vertigo, disability status (functional level and degree of overall impairment evaluated by the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and the University of California Los Angeles Dizziness Questionnaire), hearing level, and quantitative measurement of vestibular function. RESULTS: Vertigo was controlled in 83.1% of the 71 @entity1 . Recurrence of vertigo spells after initially complete control was noted in 17 @entity1 . In 13 of these @entity1 , this was cured by another course of intratympanic injections of @entity801 . Functional level and measures of self-reported handicap were significantly and promptly lowered after treatment in the @entity1 who attained control of vertigo. Hearing level as pure-tone average was unchanged 2 years after treatment, but @entity393 as a result of @entity801 injections occurred in 23 @entity1 at the end of treatment and in 9 and 11 @entity1 at 3 months and 2 years after the treatment, respectively. Vestibular function was kept normal or reduced in 49.3% of the @entity1 , whereas in the rest of the @entity1 vestibular areflexia was observed. Control of vertigo did not depend on the amount of @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: Ending weekly intratympanic injections when clinical signs of vestibular deafferentation appear can control vertigo in the majority of @entity1 , and it is a useful alternative, together with other surgical options, for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity9303 who do not respond to medical treatment.

title: Intratympanic @entity801 for intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular damage']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular hypofunction']

answer: @entity9303 :: (MESH:D008575,Disease) :: ['Meniere's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to analyze the results of the intratympanic injection of @entity801 as a treatment option for @entity1 with unilateral @entity9303 who were refractory to medical treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study in the setting of a tertiary care medical center. METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 with unilateral @entity9303 according to 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 1995 guidelines who had been unresponsive to medical therapy for at least 1 year were studied. Intratympanic injections of a prepared concentration of 27 mg/mL @entity801 were performed at weekly intervals until the development of symptoms and signs indicative of @entity394 in the treated ear. As the main outcome measure, the 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery criteria for reporting treatment outcome in @entity9303 were used. The results of treatment were expressed in terms of control of vertigo, disability status (functional level and degree of overall impairment evaluated by the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and the University of California Los Angeles Dizziness Questionnaire), hearing level, and quantitative measurement of vestibular function. RESULTS: Vertigo was controlled in 83.1% of the 71 @entity1 . Recurrence of vertigo spells after initially complete control was noted in 17 @entity1 . In 13 of these @entity1 , this was cured by another course of intratympanic injections of @entity801 . Functional level and measures of self-reported handicap were significantly and promptly lowered after treatment in the @entity1 who attained control of vertigo. Hearing level as pure-tone average was unchanged 2 years after treatment, but @entity393 as a result of @entity801 injections occurred in 23 @entity1 at the end of treatment and in 9 and 11 @entity1 at 3 months and 2 years after the treatment, respectively. Vestibular function was kept normal or reduced in 49.3% of the @entity1 , whereas in the rest of the @entity1 vestibular areflexia was observed. Control of vertigo did not depend on the amount of @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: Ending weekly intratympanic injections when clinical signs of vestibular deafferentation appear can control vertigo in the majority of @entity1 , and it is a useful alternative, together with other surgical options, for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity9303 who do not respond to medical treatment.

title: Intratympanic XXXX for intractable @entity9303 .

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: A two-stage extraction of isolated cell walls of @entity5132 resulted in 45% solubilization into antigens of high molecular weight leaving a wall residue which also had antigenic properties. Ice-cold dilute alkali removed 25% of the defatted cell walls. The extract was nondialyzable, had a @entity413 -to- @entity3913 ratio of 2:3 and an @entity535 content of 7.32%, and was designated peptidoglucomannan ( @entity46789 ). An additional 26% of the walls resistant to stage I were solubilized by sonic treatment yielding a fraction having a @entity413 -to- @entity3913 ratio of 6:1, termed soluble mannoglucan (sMG). The residue after extraction and sonic treatment contained 10.9% @entity3913 , which was the insoluble mannoglucan. The gel permeation behavior of @entity46789 and sMG on BioGel A5M was similar; each contained two components, one estimated to exceed 5 x 10(6) molecular weight and a second smaller species. The soluble cell wall fractions were active in immunodiffusion and carried antigenic group specificity. Immunoelectrophoresis of @entity46789 , sMG, and mannan revealed some heterogeneity. The insoluble mannoglucan had agglutinating activity. A distinctive immunodiffusion pattern of cell wall antigens was formed with the serum of a @entity1778 @entity1 with @entity7553 . All three cell wall antigens and mannan elicited @entity56 as measured by skin-test and specific inhibition of macrophage migration. A dose of 25 mug of @entity46789 was sufficient to inhibit 89.9% migration in the peritoneal exudates of @entity840 immunized with cell walls, and 10 mug of @entity46789 inhibited 91.7% migration in @entity840 immunized with insoluble mannoglucan.

title: Serological and cellular immune activity of peptidoglucomannan fractions of XXXX cell walls.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: Antiprogestins have been largely utilized in reproductive medicine, yet their repositioning for oncologic use is rapidly emerging. In this study we investigated the molecular mediators of the @entity43 activity of the structurally related antiprogestins @entity3927 , @entity54272 and @entity52392 . We studied the responses of wt @entity876 OV2008 and @entity876 null SK-OV-3 cells to varying doses of @entity3927 , @entity54272 and @entity52392 . The @entity230 inhibited the growth of both cell lines with a potency of @entity3927 > @entity54272 > @entity52392 , and were cytostatic at lower doses but lethal at higher concentrations. Antiprogestin-induced lethality associated with morphological features of apoptosis, hypodiploid DNA content, DNA fragmentation, and cleavage of executer caspase substrate @entity9190 . Cell death ensued despite @entity3927 caused transient up-regulation of anti-apoptotic @entity588 , @entity54272 induced transient up-regulation of inhibitor of apoptosis @entity9846 , and @entity52392 up-regulated both @entity9846 and @entity588 . The antiprogestins induced accumulation of Cdk inhibitors @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) and increased association of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) with @entity15308 . They also promoted nuclear localization of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ), reduced the nuclear abundances of @entity15308 and cyclin E, and blocked the activity of @entity15308 in both nucleus and cytoplasm. The cytotoxic potency of the antiprogestins correlated with the magnitude of the inhibition of @entity15308 activity, ranging from G1 cell cycle arrest towards cell death. Our results suggest that, as a consequence of their cytostatic and lethal effects, antiprogestin steroids of well-known contraceptive properties emerge as attractive new agents to be repositioned for @entity43 therapeutics.

title: Growth inhibition induced by antiprogestins @entity3927 , XXXX , and @entity52392 in @entity43 cells involves inhibition of @entity15308 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['anti-ovarian cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity54272 :: (MESH:C076196,Chemical) :: ['ORG-31710']


abstract: Antiprogestins have been largely utilized in reproductive medicine, yet their repositioning for oncologic use is rapidly emerging. In this study we investigated the molecular mediators of the @entity43 activity of the structurally related antiprogestins @entity3927 , @entity54272 and @entity52392 . We studied the responses of wt @entity876 OV2008 and @entity876 null SK-OV-3 cells to varying doses of @entity3927 , @entity54272 and @entity52392 . The @entity230 inhibited the growth of both cell lines with a potency of @entity3927 > @entity54272 > @entity52392 , and were cytostatic at lower doses but lethal at higher concentrations. Antiprogestin-induced lethality associated with morphological features of apoptosis, hypodiploid DNA content, DNA fragmentation, and cleavage of executer caspase substrate @entity9190 . Cell death ensued despite @entity3927 caused transient up-regulation of anti-apoptotic @entity588 , @entity54272 induced transient up-regulation of inhibitor of apoptosis @entity9846 , and @entity52392 up-regulated both @entity9846 and @entity588 . The antiprogestins induced accumulation of Cdk inhibitors @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) and increased association of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) with @entity15308 . They also promoted nuclear localization of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ), reduced the nuclear abundances of @entity15308 and cyclin E, and blocked the activity of @entity15308 in both nucleus and cytoplasm. The cytotoxic potency of the antiprogestins correlated with the magnitude of the inhibition of @entity15308 activity, ranging from G1 cell cycle arrest towards cell death. Our results suggest that, as a consequence of their cytostatic and lethal effects, antiprogestin steroids of well-known contraceptive properties emerge as attractive new agents to be repositioned for @entity43 therapeutics.

title: Growth inhibition induced by antiprogestins XXXX , @entity54272 , and @entity52392 in @entity43 cells involves inhibition of @entity15308 .

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['RU-38486']


abstract: Antiprogestins have been largely utilized in reproductive medicine, yet their repositioning for oncologic use is rapidly emerging. In this study we investigated the molecular mediators of the @entity43 activity of the structurally related antiprogestins @entity3927 , @entity54272 and @entity52392 . We studied the responses of wt @entity876 OV2008 and @entity876 null SK-OV-3 cells to varying doses of @entity3927 , @entity54272 and @entity52392 . The @entity230 inhibited the growth of both cell lines with a potency of @entity3927 > @entity54272 > @entity52392 , and were cytostatic at lower doses but lethal at higher concentrations. Antiprogestin-induced lethality associated with morphological features of apoptosis, hypodiploid DNA content, DNA fragmentation, and cleavage of executer caspase substrate @entity9190 . Cell death ensued despite @entity3927 caused transient up-regulation of anti-apoptotic @entity588 , @entity54272 induced transient up-regulation of inhibitor of apoptosis @entity9846 , and @entity52392 up-regulated both @entity9846 and @entity588 . The antiprogestins induced accumulation of Cdk inhibitors @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) and increased association of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) with @entity15308 . They also promoted nuclear localization of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ), reduced the nuclear abundances of @entity15308 and cyclin E, and blocked the activity of @entity15308 in both nucleus and cytoplasm. The cytotoxic potency of the antiprogestins correlated with the magnitude of the inhibition of @entity15308 activity, ranging from G1 cell cycle arrest towards cell death. Our results suggest that, as a consequence of their cytostatic and lethal effects, antiprogestin steroids of well-known contraceptive properties emerge as attractive new agents to be repositioned for @entity43 therapeutics.

title: Growth inhibition induced by antiprogestins @entity3927 , @entity54272 , and @entity52392 in @entity43 cells involves inhibition of XXXX .

answer: @entity15308 :: (1017,Gene) :: ['cyclin dependent kinase 2']