abstract: Open pelvic disruptions represent high-energy injuries. The prompt identification and management of these injuries decreases their associated morbidity and mortality. Computed tomography (CT) scans are routinely obtained in the initial evaluation of @entity1 with @entity130 . The purpose of this study is to identify the incidence and source of air densities noted on computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdominal and pelvic region in @entity1 with @entity174 and evaluate the use of initial CT imaging as an adjunctive diagnostic tool to identify open injuries. A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was performed at a single institution. Seven hundred and twenty-two consecutive @entity1 with a pelvic disruption over a two-year period were included. Review of @entity130 scans was performed using bone and lung viewing algorithms to identify the presence of extra-luminal air. The primary outcome was the presence, location and source of air identified on pre-operative CT scans. Secondary measurements were identification of air by plain radiograph and correlation between identified air densities on CT and clinically diagnosed @entity4422 . Ninety-eight @entity1 were identified as having extra-luminal air densities on CT scans. Eighty-one @entity1 were included in the final analysis following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Air was noted by the radiologist in forty-five (55.6%) instances. Six @entity1 (7.4%) were clinically diagnosed with an open pelvic ring disruption; in two @entity1 (2.4%) this diagnosis was delayed. In all @entity1 , the CT was able to track air from its origin. In @entity1 with pelvic disruptions, the @entity130 should also be evaluated for the presence and source of extra-luminal air. In some @entity1 , this finding may represent an open pelvic ring disruption. A complete physical exam and CT evaluation should be used to decrease the missed or delayed diagnosis of an open @entity130 .

title: Use of the initial XXXX CT scan to aid in diagnosis of @entity4422 .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The @entity1 striatum is divided into two compartments, the patch (or striosome) and the matrix, which differ on the basis of several cytochemical markers, connection patterns, and time of neurogenesis. In the @entity35 , the patch compartment consists of clusters of neurons isolated by matrix neurons; included in the patch compartment is a rim of neurons subjacent to the corpus callosum and external capsule, called the subcallosal streak. To study the genesis and migration patterns of striatal neurons forming these compartments, we injected pregnant @entity35 with @entity1603 ( @entity1603 , which is incorporated into DNA during S-phase mitosis) on embryonic (E) day 14, to label patch neurons, or on E19, to label matrix neurons. Embryos were sacrificed at intervals after injection, for detection of @entity1603 by immunocytochemistry. Cells labeled at E14 were distributed fairly uniformly in the differentiated portion of the caudate-putamen through E19. However, by the day of birth (P0), E14-labeled cells were clustered into patches and the subcallosal streak. Using double immunocytochemistry for @entity1603 and for the patch marker substance P, we demonstrated a caudal-rostral gradient in the birth dates of neurons in the patch compartment; E14-labeled cells occupied substance P-labeled patches at the level of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, but patches further rostral were nearly devoid of E14-labeled cells. The distance between the lateral ventricle and the nearest E14-labeled cells was greater on E19 than on @entity23852 or on P0, suggesting secondary movement of early-born neurons during the process of cluster formation. Neurons labeled at E19 formed the matrix surrounding clusters of unlabeled cells, except in the nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum), where E19-labeled cells formed clusters. The data suggest that the uniformly-distributed population of early-born neurons is disrupted by the invasion of later-born (matrix) neurons, forcing the early-born neurons into clusters which are displaced toward the ventricular surface to form the patch compartment. Early-born neurons adjacent to the external capsule are not displaced, forming the subcallosal streak.

title: Genesis and migration patterns of neurons forming the patch and matrix compartments of the XXXX striatum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A 77-year-old @entity1 presented with epigastralgia. Gastrointestinal endoscopic examination showed advanced @entity356 , type 3, in the distal antrum. The @entity1 refused surgery and preferred chemotherapy. The regimen consisted of 80 mg/body/day of @entity11730 , continuously administered from day 1-14, followed by discontinuation for 2 weeks. After 2 courses, the @entity1 experienced @entity391 . Laboratory studies revealed severe @entity417 ; the hemoglobin level was 5.5 g/dL. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed @entity2203 and significant @entity5 reduction. Therefore, distal gastrectomy was performed. Histological examination did not reveal any viable @entity5 cells in the stomach and lymph nodes. Thus, a Grade 3 postchemotherapeutic effect was revealed.

title: [Locally Advanced @entity356 Treated with Curative Gastrectomy and Showing Pathological Complete Response after Chemotherapy with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue and recurrent vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2203 :: ('MESH:D011707', 'Disease') :: ['pyloric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity11730 :: (5707,Gene) :: ['S-1']


abstract: A 77-year-old @entity1 presented with epigastralgia. Gastrointestinal endoscopic examination showed advanced @entity356 , type 3, in the distal antrum. The @entity1 refused surgery and preferred chemotherapy. The regimen consisted of 80 mg/body/day of @entity11730 , continuously administered from day 1-14, followed by discontinuation for 2 weeks. After 2 courses, the @entity1 experienced @entity391 . Laboratory studies revealed severe @entity417 ; the hemoglobin level was 5.5 g/dL. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed @entity2203 and significant @entity5 reduction. Therefore, distal gastrectomy was performed. Histological examination did not reveal any viable @entity5 cells in the stomach and lymph nodes. Thus, a Grade 3 postchemotherapeutic effect was revealed.

title: [Locally Advanced XXXX Treated with Curative Gastrectomy and Showing Pathological Complete Response after Chemotherapy with @entity11730 ].

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: Traditionally, a high rate of post mortem (PM) examinations has been advocated, primarily for the quality control of clinical diagnosis. In days of increasing scrutiny of medical costs, the role of the 'routine' requesting of any investigation must be questioned, and we report here the results of a policy to request post mortem examinations selectively when there was a reasonable expectation that it would yield new information. Between 21/3/82 and 12/2/86 there were 1356 deaths in @entity1 registered with the Department of Radiation Oncology, Westmead Hospital. During this period, 100 PM examinations were performed. The overall post mortem rate is thus 6.7%, but for @entity1 dying whilst under our direct care it @entity4318 %. The cause of @entity204 was changed in 9% of cases following PM examination. The ante mortem assessment of the remission status of irradiated volumes was confirmed in 69% but was not recorded in the post mortem report in 22%, in spite of the medical record being available to the pathologist. Minor modifications were made by PM examination to the establishment of primary @entity5 site, sites of metastatic disease, histological diagnosis and other significant pathological states. The autopsy is an expensive investigation: we conclude that the low yield of relevant new information in this selective series is a powerful argument against the traditional routine request. Indeed the yield of new information in cases when the histological @entity5 type was known was even lower. The necessity for a problem-orientated approach is apparent from the data on the remission status of treated sites.

title: On the yield of new information from the selective requesting of post mortem examinations in oncology XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of our study was to address the long-term outcome of angioplasty and stent placement for @entity3181 following pediatric liver transplantation. From October 1999 to December 2011, 20 stenotic lesions were confirmed to constitute @entity3181 in 18 pediatric @entity1 (13 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 ) among 152 pediatric @entity1 following liver transplantation and were managed with endovascular intervention. Stent placement was favored over additional angioplasty in @entity1 of preadolescent or adolescent age (>8 years old), after 1 or 2 sessions of balloon angioplasty. The primary patency and assisted primary patency were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A total of 32 procedures (24 balloon angioplasties, 8 stent placements) were conducted. The technical success rate was 90.6% (29/32). Clinical success was achieved in 15 of 18 @entity1 (clinical success rate of 83.3%). Major complications did not occur in our study. Median follow-up was 91.5 months (interquartile range, 54.7-137.3 months) for the 18 @entity1 . The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year primary patencies of the 20 treated lesions were 63.5%, 57.8%, 57.8%, and 57.8%, respectively. The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year assisted-primary patencies of the lesions were 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Of the 6 @entity1 of preadolescent or adolescent age, 5 @entity1 underwent stent placement procedures, and the stents were patent during the follow-up period of 57.3-162.5 months (median, 72.7 months). In conclusion, endovascular intervention is very effective in @entity3181 following pediatric liver transplantation. In addition, early stent placement in @entity1 of preadolescent or adolescent age can provide a safe and favorable long-term outcome.

title: Long-term outcome of endovascular intervention in XXXX following pediatric liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic venous outflow obstruction']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['hepatic venous outflow obstruction']


abstract: @entity977 induced by chronic @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) treatment in female F344 @entity35 were treated subsequently with @entity2847 (BC). Effects of BC on separable subpopulations of lactotrophs were examined. Enzymatically dissociated cells from individual pituitaries were assessed regarding total number, relative lactotroph population, intracellular prolactin ( @entity3695 ) content, @entity3695 release in primary culture, and density alterations by separation in Ficoll-Hypaque or after sedimentation at unit gravity. In addition to the treatment and analysis of in situ @entity5 , the effects of BC treatment in vitro were assessed, using @entity5 cells which were first separated on Ficoll-Hypaque. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell cycle analysis, using DNA measurement by laser flow cytometry. BC treatment of @entity5 reversed the effects of @entity4743 on pituitary weight, @entity3695 content and in vitro @entity3695 release. Total cell recovery was not affected by BC, but cell separation showed that BC reduced the number of larger @entity3695 -containing cells. Cell cycle analysis showed a decrease in numbers of cells in S and G2 cycle phases after BC in only one of four experiments. BC had an effect on proliferation in only the upper gradient fractions, containing the smallest cells. Culture of Ficoll-separated @entity5 cells revealed greater @entity3695 release among lighter/smaller cells. BC treatment inhibited @entity3695 release from both light and dense cells. The results establish that @entity3695 cell @entity1184 , as well as @entity1373 , results from @entity4743 treatment. @entity2847 treatment reverses this @entity1184 concomitant with inhibiting @entity3695 synthesis and release. Reversal of proliferation in @entity5 cells is not a major effect of @entity2847 treatment.

title: Effects of @entity2847 on prolactin cellular @entity1184 , proliferation and secretory activity in XXXX -induced @entity977 .

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine', 'Bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity4742 :: (MESH:D004054,Chemical) :: ['diethylstilbestrol']


abstract: @entity977 induced by chronic @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) treatment in female F344 @entity35 were treated subsequently with @entity2847 (BC). Effects of BC on separable subpopulations of lactotrophs were examined. Enzymatically dissociated cells from individual pituitaries were assessed regarding total number, relative lactotroph population, intracellular prolactin ( @entity3695 ) content, @entity3695 release in primary culture, and density alterations by separation in Ficoll-Hypaque or after sedimentation at unit gravity. In addition to the treatment and analysis of in situ @entity5 , the effects of BC treatment in vitro were assessed, using @entity5 cells which were first separated on Ficoll-Hypaque. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell cycle analysis, using DNA measurement by laser flow cytometry. BC treatment of @entity5 reversed the effects of @entity4743 on pituitary weight, @entity3695 content and in vitro @entity3695 release. Total cell recovery was not affected by BC, but cell separation showed that BC reduced the number of larger @entity3695 -containing cells. Cell cycle analysis showed a decrease in numbers of cells in S and G2 cycle phases after BC in only one of four experiments. BC had an effect on proliferation in only the upper gradient fractions, containing the smallest cells. Culture of Ficoll-separated @entity5 cells revealed greater @entity3695 release among lighter/smaller cells. BC treatment inhibited @entity3695 release from both light and dense cells. The results establish that @entity3695 cell @entity1184 , as well as @entity1373 , results from @entity4743 treatment. @entity2847 treatment reverses this @entity1184 concomitant with inhibiting @entity3695 synthesis and release. Reversal of proliferation in @entity5 cells is not a major effect of @entity2847 treatment.

title: Effects of XXXX on prolactin cellular @entity1184 , proliferation and secretory activity in @entity4742 -induced @entity977 .

answer: @entity2847 :: (MESH:D001971,Chemical) :: ['bromocriptine']


abstract: @entity977 induced by chronic @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) treatment in female F344 @entity35 were treated subsequently with @entity2847 (BC). Effects of BC on separable subpopulations of lactotrophs were examined. Enzymatically dissociated cells from individual pituitaries were assessed regarding total number, relative lactotroph population, intracellular prolactin ( @entity3695 ) content, @entity3695 release in primary culture, and density alterations by separation in Ficoll-Hypaque or after sedimentation at unit gravity. In addition to the treatment and analysis of in situ @entity5 , the effects of BC treatment in vitro were assessed, using @entity5 cells which were first separated on Ficoll-Hypaque. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell cycle analysis, using DNA measurement by laser flow cytometry. BC treatment of @entity5 reversed the effects of @entity4743 on pituitary weight, @entity3695 content and in vitro @entity3695 release. Total cell recovery was not affected by BC, but cell separation showed that BC reduced the number of larger @entity3695 -containing cells. Cell cycle analysis showed a decrease in numbers of cells in S and G2 cycle phases after BC in only one of four experiments. BC had an effect on proliferation in only the upper gradient fractions, containing the smallest cells. Culture of Ficoll-separated @entity5 cells revealed greater @entity3695 release among lighter/smaller cells. BC treatment inhibited @entity3695 release from both light and dense cells. The results establish that @entity3695 cell @entity1184 , as well as @entity1373 , results from @entity4743 treatment. @entity2847 treatment reverses this @entity1184 concomitant with inhibiting @entity3695 synthesis and release. Reversal of proliferation in @entity5 cells is not a major effect of @entity2847 treatment.

title: Effects of @entity2847 on prolactin cellular @entity1184 , proliferation and secretory activity in @entity4742 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumors']


abstract: @entity977 induced by chronic @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) treatment in female F344 @entity35 were treated subsequently with @entity2847 (BC). Effects of BC on separable subpopulations of lactotrophs were examined. Enzymatically dissociated cells from individual pituitaries were assessed regarding total number, relative lactotroph population, intracellular prolactin ( @entity3695 ) content, @entity3695 release in primary culture, and density alterations by separation in Ficoll-Hypaque or after sedimentation at unit gravity. In addition to the treatment and analysis of in situ @entity5 , the effects of BC treatment in vitro were assessed, using @entity5 cells which were first separated on Ficoll-Hypaque. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell cycle analysis, using DNA measurement by laser flow cytometry. BC treatment of @entity5 reversed the effects of @entity4743 on pituitary weight, @entity3695 content and in vitro @entity3695 release. Total cell recovery was not affected by BC, but cell separation showed that BC reduced the number of larger @entity3695 -containing cells. Cell cycle analysis showed a decrease in numbers of cells in S and G2 cycle phases after BC in only one of four experiments. BC had an effect on proliferation in only the upper gradient fractions, containing the smallest cells. Culture of Ficoll-separated @entity5 cells revealed greater @entity3695 release among lighter/smaller cells. BC treatment inhibited @entity3695 release from both light and dense cells. The results establish that @entity3695 cell @entity1184 , as well as @entity1373 , results from @entity4743 treatment. @entity2847 treatment reverses this @entity1184 concomitant with inhibiting @entity3695 synthesis and release. Reversal of proliferation in @entity5 cells is not a major effect of @entity2847 treatment.

title: Effects of @entity2847 on prolactin cellular XXXX , proliferation and secretory activity in @entity4742 -induced @entity977 .

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: @entity6085 ( @entity6085 ) regulates renal water excretion by altering the permeability of the collecting duct to water. @entity6085 -responsive epithelial cells are the major cell type lining kidney tubules in the inner medulla and papilla. @entity6085 modulates apical membrane water permeability by the insertion and removal of vesicles containing aquaporin collecting duct water channel protein (now termed @entity14354 ). To identify and characterize proteins responsible for trafficking of @entity14354 -containing vesicles, we utilized antibody and cDNA probes to synaptobrevin b (also termed @entity59350 , for @entity59350 ), a protein that mediates synaptic vesicle exocytosis in the brain and whose structural homologs are now considered to be components of a complex responsible for intracellular vesicle fusion in all cells. We now report that @entity35 kidney inner medulla and papilla contain abundant synaptobrevin protein. Only light endosomes, one of two types of purified papillary @entity14354 -containing endosomes, possess synaptobrevin. Light endosomes fuse in vitro by means of an @entity855 -dependent process that is significantly inhibited when endosomes are preincubated with either anti-synaptobrevin antibody or @entity116 toxin. These data define a functional role for a synaptobrevin protein in the fusion of endosomes in vitro. The presence of abundant synaptobrevin proteins in endosomes containing @entity14354 water channels, as well as insulin-sensitive @entity413 transporters [Cain, C. C., Trimble, W. S. _ Lienhard, G. E. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 11681-11684], and in cells of Malpighian tubules responsible for urine formation in insects [Chin, A. S., Burgess, R. W., Wong, B. R., Schwartz, T. L. _ Scheller, R. H. (1993) Gene 131, 175-181] suggests a specialized role for synaptobrevin in vesicle-mediated membrane transport modulated by peptide hormones.

title: XXXX kidney papilla contains abundant synaptobrevin protein that participates in the fusion of antidiuretic hormone-regulated water channel-containing endosomes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity59350 :: ('24803(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['VAMP-2', 'vesicle-associated membrane protein 2']

entities_list: @entity6085 :: ('MESH:D007177', 'Disease') :: ['Antidiuretic hormone', 'ADH']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mental health disorders impact approximately one in four US adults. While their causes are likely multifactorial, prior research has linked the risk of certain @entity146 to prenatal and early childhood environmental exposures, motivating a spatial analysis to determine whether risk varies by birth location. METHODS: We investigated the spatial associations between residence at birth and odds of @entity308 , @entity162 , and @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) in a retrospective cohort (Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1969-1983) using generalized additive models to simultaneously smooth location and adjust for confounders. Birth location served as a surrogate for prenatal exposure to the combination of social and environmental factors related to the development of @entity1032 . We predicted crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for each outcome across the study area. The results were mapped to identify areas of increased risk. RESULTS: We observed spatial variation in the crude odds ratios of @entity308 that was still present even after accounting for spatial confounding due to geographic differences in the distribution of known risk factors (aOR range: 0.61-3.07, P   =   0.03). Similar geographic patterns were seen for the crude odds of @entity1005 ; however, these patterns were no longer present in the adjusted analysis (aOR range: 0.49-1.36, P   =   0.79), with family history of @entity1032 most notably influencing the geographic patterns. Analyses of the odds of @entity162 did not show any meaningful spatial variation (aOR range: 0.58-1.17, P   =   0.82). CONCLUSION: Spatial associations exist between residence at birth and odds of @entity1005 and @entity308 , but much of this variation can be explained by the geographic distributions of available risk factors. However, these risk factors did not account for all the variation observed with @entity308 , suggesting that other social and environmental factors within our study area need further investigation.

title: Associations between residence at birth and XXXX : a spatial analysis of retrospective cohort data.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental health disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental health disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Little is known about the role of microinfarcts in @entity303 and cognition. We examined microinfarcts and @entity303 , @entity73 in community-dwelling older @entity1 . METHODS: Four hundred twenty-five subjects enrolled in the Religious Orders Study underwent annual clinical evaluations, including 19 neuropsychological tests and assessment for @entity303 , and brain autopsy (39% @entity1 ; mean age at @entity204 , 87; Mini-Mental State Examination score, 21). Neuropathologic examination documented the presence, number, and location of chronic microinfarcts on 6- m @entity1710 - @entity1711 -stained sections from cortical and subcortical regions. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for age at @entity204 , sex, education, @entity1188 , @entity195 pathology, and Lewy bodies. RESULTS: Microinfarcts were present in 129 of 425 (30%) @entity1 (54 cortical, 80 subcortical, 49 multiple); 58 of 129 (45%) of @entity1 with microinfarcts did not exhibit @entity1188 . @entity1 with microinfarcts had increased odds of @entity303 (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.07-2.92), especially those @entity1 with multiple cortical microinfarcts. Microinfarcts were also associated with lower average global cognition (estimate, -0.287; SE, 0.113; P=0.012), particularly for @entity1 with multiple cortical microinfarcts. Microinfarcts were specifically associated with lower episodic memory (estimate, -0.279; SE, 0.138; P=0.044), semantic memory (estimate, -0.391; SE, 0.130; P=0.003), and perceptual speed (estimate, -0.400; SE, 0.117; P<0.001). In addition, single, multiple, and cortical microinfarcts were associated with worse semantic memory and perceptual speed (all P<0.028). Neither @entity1188 nor @entity195 pathology modified these associations (all P>0.154). CONCLUSIONS: Microinfarcts are common, and @entity1 with multiple cortical microinfarcts have higher odds of @entity303 . Microinfarcts are also associated with lower cognition, specifically perceptual speed and semantic and episodic memory.

title: Microinfarct pathology, XXXX , and cognitive systems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['global cognition, and 5 cognitive systems']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['macroscopic infarcts']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: The prognostic implications of several baseline preprocedural variables in @entity1 with severe native @entity472 ( @entity472 ) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of reduced @entity64 volume index (SVI), low gradient (LG), and reduced ejection fraction (EF) on all-cause mortality. We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus through October 13, 2014. We evaluated the association between low SVI (<35  ml/m(2)), LG (<40  mm Hg), and low EF (<50% and <30%) on 1-year all-cause mortality. We pooled results across studies using the random-effects model. We included 16 studies at moderate risk of bias enrolling 7,673 @entity1 with severe @entity472 who underwent TAVI. Low EF was associated with increased 1-year mortality after TAVI compared to preserved EF (for EF <30%, hazard ratio [HR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19 to 2.16, I(2)  = 32%; and for EF <50%, HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.76, I(2)  = 17%). LG was associated with increased mortality after TAVI compared to high mean gradient (>= 40  mm Hg; HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.97, I(2)  = 36%). Low SVI was associated with increased mortality after TAVI compared to normal SVI (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.05, I(2)  = 27%). In conclusion, low SVI, LG, and low EF are each associated with higher mortality after TAVI. These findings highlight the importance of including these variables into TAVI risk algorithms and will better inform shared decision-making before TAVI.

title: Meta-Analysis of the Prognostic Impact of XXXX Volume, Gradient, and Ejection Fraction After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'valve aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG) is becoming an effective therapeutic option for @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ). OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Identifying the neurophysiological mechanisms altered by DBS may lead to more tailored treatment parameters and enhanced efficacy. METHODS: Twenty @entity13217 @entity1 with implanted DBS in the SCG were recruited. @entity1 participated in three EEG recording sessions, one with DBS ON, one with DBS randomized to ON or OFF, and one with DBS OFF. During each session, subjects performed N-back working memory tasks, namely the 0-back and 3-back. Fourteen subjects with valid EEG were included in the analysis. Changes in frontal gamma oscillations (30-50 Hz) and coupling between theta (4-7 Hz) and gamma oscillations as a result of DBS stimulation were quantified and correlated with @entity308 . RESULTS: DBS stimulation resulted in @entity1155 in the ON state relative to the OFF state during the N-back tasks. Greatest suppression was demonstrated in beta and gamma oscillations and most pronounced during the 3-back. Suppression of gamma oscillations in the 3-back correlated with a @entity308 . DBS ON relative to OFF in the 3-back also resulted in an increase in theta-gamma coupling that correlated with a @entity308 . CONCLUSION: Suppression of gamma oscillations and increased theta-gamma coupling through DBS is likely mediated by both SCG activation of inhibitory circuits and an enhancement of plasticity in the frontal cortex. Activation of both pathways may explain the therapeutic properties of DBS in @entity13217 .

title: Deep Brain Stimulation Modulates Gamma Oscillations and Theta-Gamma Coupling in Treatment Resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['TRD', 'treatment resistant depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'reduction in depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['suppression of frontal oscillations']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies have examined deficits following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) @entity397 and subsequent reconstructive surgery. Few studies present preinjury data that may assist in identifying risk factors for @entity6151 . This case report compares gait and strength measures obtained prior to @entity6151 , with follow-up assessments of these measures after @entity397 and reconstructive surgery. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 23-year-old @entity1 sustained a noncontact @entity397 of her right ACL. Kinematic and kinetic gait data were collected using 3-dimensional motion analysis and a synchronized force plate. Knee strength was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Data for knee active range of motion (AROM) and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) were also collected. The analyses were descriptive and interpreted based on previously published minimal detectable change and minimal clinically important difference values. OUTCOMES: Before her injury, the @entity1 demonstrated a low external knee flexion moment during gait. Kinematic and @entity854 were present following @entity397 and persisted at 13 months postsurgery. The @entity1 demonstrated knee strength deficits following @entity6151 and surgery. @entity1017 in LEFS and knee AROM occurred following @entity397 and surgery. DISCUSSION: Preinjury data may identify risk factors for @entity6151 . Future studies should examine whether a low external knee flexion moment during gait or sport-related activity is a risk factor for @entity6151 . The @entity1 demonstrated deficits in gait and strength that persisted at 13 months postsurgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapy, level 4.

title: Longitudinal gait and strength changes prior to and following an anterior cruciate XXXX and surgical reconstruction: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['kinetic gait abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Steady gains']

entities_list: @entity6151 :: ('MESH:D057971', 'Disease') :: ['ACL rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ligament rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prospective data are lacking to determine which @entity1 might benefit from prompt neuroimaging after unprovoked @entity410 . We aimed to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, relevant @entity1504 in @entity1 with first, unprovoked @entity410 . METHODS: We conducted a 6-center prospective study in @entity1 aged >28 days to 18 years with seemingly unprovoked @entity410 . @entity341 ( @entity341 ) clinicians documented clinical findings on a standardized form. Our main outcome was the presence of a clinically relevant intracranial abnormality on computed tomography (CT) or MRI, defined as those that might change management, either emergently, urgently, or nonurgently. RESULTS: We enrolled 475 of 625 (76%) eligible @entity1 . Of 354 @entity1 for whom cranial MRI or CT scans were obtained in the @entity341 or within 4 months of the @entity341 visit, 40 (11.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.0-14.6%) had clinically relevant @entity1504 , with 3 (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.1-1.8%) having emergent/urgent abnormalities. On logistic regression analysis, a high-risk past medical history (adjusted odds ratio: 9.2; 95% CI: 2.4-35.7) and any focal aspect to the @entity410 (odds ratio: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2-5.3) were independently associated with clinically @entity854 . CONCLUSIONS: Clinically relevant @entity1504 occur in 11% of @entity1 with first, unprovoked @entity410 . Emergent/urgent abnormalities, however, occur in <1%, suggesting that most @entity1 do not require neuroimaging in the @entity341 . Findings on @entity1 history and physical examination identify @entity1 at higher risk of @entity854 .

title: Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Intracranial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency department']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['relevant abnormalities']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Abnormalities in Unprovoked Seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The independent prognostic significance of @entity7127 ( @entity7127 ) of blood pressure (BP) is not yet clear. We investigated the association between @entity7127 of systolic BP and risk of coronary events in elderly treated @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS: The occurrence of coronary events was evaluated in 1,191 elderly treated @entity101 @entity1 (age range 60-90 years). Subjects were divided according to tertiles of @entity7127 of systolic BP of the population as a whole, by dipping status and by group-specific tertiles of @entity7127 of systolic BP in dippers and nondippers. RESULTS: During the follow-up (9.1    4.9 years, range 0.4-20 years), 120 coronary events occurred. In the population as a whole, coronary event risk was not significantly associated with tertiles of @entity7127 of systolic BP, whereas nondippers were at higher risk than dippers. When nondippers and dippers were analyzed separately, by group-specific tertiles of @entity7127 of systolic BP, coronary event risk was associated with @entity7127 of systolic BP in dippers but not in nondippers. After adjustment for various covariates, Cox regression analysis showed that dippers in the third tertile (>23 mm Hg) of @entity7127 of systolic BP (hazard ratio 1.912, 95% confidence interval 1.048-3.488, P = 0.03) and nondippers (hazard ratio 1.739, 95% confidence interval 1.074-2.815, P = 0.02) were at higher coronary event risk than dippers with @entity7127 of systolic BP <23 mm Hg . CONCLUSIONS: In elderly treated @entity101 @entity1 , high @entity7127 of systolic BP predicts coronary events in dippers but not in nondippers. Nondippers, however, show higher risk of coronary events independently of @entity7127 in systolic BP.

title: Morning Blood Pressure Surge, Dipping, and Risk of Coronary Events in Elderly Treated XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity7127 :: ('MESH:D048968', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'morning surge']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The independent prognostic significance of @entity7127 ( @entity7127 ) of blood pressure (BP) is not yet clear. We investigated the association between @entity7127 of systolic BP and risk of coronary events in elderly treated @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS: The occurrence of coronary events was evaluated in 1,191 elderly treated @entity101 @entity1 (age range 60-90 years). Subjects were divided according to tertiles of @entity7127 of systolic BP of the population as a whole, by dipping status and by group-specific tertiles of @entity7127 of systolic BP in dippers and nondippers. RESULTS: During the follow-up (9.1    4.9 years, range 0.4-20 years), 120 coronary events occurred. In the population as a whole, coronary event risk was not significantly associated with tertiles of @entity7127 of systolic BP, whereas nondippers were at higher risk than dippers. When nondippers and dippers were analyzed separately, by group-specific tertiles of @entity7127 of systolic BP, coronary event risk was associated with @entity7127 of systolic BP in dippers but not in nondippers. After adjustment for various covariates, Cox regression analysis showed that dippers in the third tertile (>23 mm Hg) of @entity7127 of systolic BP (hazard ratio 1.912, 95% confidence interval 1.048-3.488, P = 0.03) and nondippers (hazard ratio 1.739, 95% confidence interval 1.074-2.815, P = 0.02) were at higher coronary event risk than dippers with @entity7127 of systolic BP <23 mm Hg . CONCLUSIONS: In elderly treated @entity101 @entity1 , high @entity7127 of systolic BP predicts coronary events in dippers but not in nondippers. Nondippers, however, show higher risk of coronary events independently of @entity7127 in systolic BP.

title: Morning Blood Pressure Surge, Dipping, and Risk of Coronary Events in Elderly Treated @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Arterial stiffness is a risk factor for symptomatic @entity64 , and is associated with symptomatic @entity385 and @entity73 . Hence, we hypothesized that @entity432 would be a significant determinant of @entity75 . METHODS: The subjects were 363 individuals without symptomatic @entity75 who had their @entity432 assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurement. The subjects were classified into two groups by the presence or absence of @entity1188 , as well as into three groups by grade of @entity62 ( @entity62 ). baPWV was compared among these groups. RESULTS: Eighty-six subjects had @entity1188 . Of 138 subjects with WMHs, 102 were classified as having grade 1 and 36 as having grade 2 or 3 WMHs. baPWV was significantly higher in subjects with @entity1188 than in those without (17.3    0.3 vs. 16.4    0.2 m/s). baPWV tended to increase with higher @entity62 grade (16.2    0.2, 16.9    0.3, and 17.8    0.5 m/s in grade 0, 1, and 2 or 3, respectively) after adjustments for confounding factors. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for @entity1188 in subjects with middle-tertile baPWV was significantly higher (OR, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.10-5.11) and the OR in subjects with the highest-tertile baPWV tended to be higher (OR 2.26; 95% CI 0.99-5.45) compared with the lowest-tertile baPWV. The adjusted OR for @entity62 tended to increase with increased baPWV. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial stiffness appeared to be associated with the presence of a @entity1188 and @entity62 , independently of the risks for other @entity66 .

title: Association of XXXX with @entity75 : the Ohasama study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['silent cerebrovascular lesions', 'cerebrovascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarcts', 'lacunar infarct']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hyperintensity', 'WMH']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial stiffness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Arterial stiffness is a risk factor for symptomatic @entity64 , and is associated with symptomatic @entity385 and @entity73 . Hence, we hypothesized that @entity432 would be a significant determinant of @entity75 . METHODS: The subjects were 363 individuals without symptomatic @entity75 who had their @entity432 assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurement. The subjects were classified into two groups by the presence or absence of @entity1188 , as well as into three groups by grade of @entity62 ( @entity62 ). baPWV was compared among these groups. RESULTS: Eighty-six subjects had @entity1188 . Of 138 subjects with WMHs, 102 were classified as having grade 1 and 36 as having grade 2 or 3 WMHs. baPWV was significantly higher in subjects with @entity1188 than in those without (17.3    0.3 vs. 16.4    0.2 m/s). baPWV tended to increase with higher @entity62 grade (16.2    0.2, 16.9    0.3, and 17.8    0.5 m/s in grade 0, 1, and 2 or 3, respectively) after adjustments for confounding factors. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for @entity1188 in subjects with middle-tertile baPWV was significantly higher (OR, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.10-5.11) and the OR in subjects with the highest-tertile baPWV tended to be higher (OR 2.26; 95% CI 0.99-5.45) compared with the lowest-tertile baPWV. The adjusted OR for @entity62 tended to increase with increased baPWV. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial stiffness appeared to be associated with the presence of a @entity1188 and @entity62 , independently of the risks for other @entity66 .

title: Association of @entity432 with XXXX : the Ohasama study.

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['silent cerebrovascular lesions']


abstract: @entity205 induces hypoandrogenism in adult male @entity35 . In order to assess whether this effect of CsA may be due to a direct inhibitory effect on Leydig cell function, CsA (0, 50, 500, and 5000 ng/ml) was added to a collagenase-dispersed mixed Leydig cell preparation and incubated with and without @entity3566 (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 ng/ml). @entity251 (T) production, mitochondrial @entity165 side chain cleavage (CSCC) and microsomal 17,20-desmolase enzyme activities in Leydig cells were determined after 3 hr of incubation. In the absence of CsA, stimulation of T production was maximal (about 16-fold) with 1.0 ng/ml @entity3566 . With 50 and 500 ng/ml CsA there were no changes in either the @entity3566 -stimulated T levels or the two enzymatic activities. However, 5000 ng/ml CsA significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the @entity3566 (1 ng/ml)-stimulated T levels, CSCC and 17,20-desmolase activities. The high dosage of CsA (5000 ng/ml) also caused a significant decrease in cell viability (P less than 0.05) during the incubation period. These effects of CsA were not due to cremophor EL, the CsA vehicle. This in vitro data indicate that high dosages of CsA (greater than or equal to 5000 ng/ml) appear to have a cytotoxic effect on @entity35 Leydig cells that results in a decrease in T production. However, lower doses of CsA (less than 500 ng/ml) do not have any direct inhibitory effect on the @entity35 Leydig cells, suggesting that the hypoandrogenic effect of in vivo CsA in @entity35 is not due to any direct effect on the testis.

title: Effect of XXXX on steroidogenesis in @entity35 Leydig cells.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: @entity205 induces hypoandrogenism in adult male @entity35 . In order to assess whether this effect of CsA may be due to a direct inhibitory effect on Leydig cell function, CsA (0, 50, 500, and 5000 ng/ml) was added to a collagenase-dispersed mixed Leydig cell preparation and incubated with and without @entity3566 (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 ng/ml). @entity251 (T) production, mitochondrial @entity165 side chain cleavage (CSCC) and microsomal 17,20-desmolase enzyme activities in Leydig cells were determined after 3 hr of incubation. In the absence of CsA, stimulation of T production was maximal (about 16-fold) with 1.0 ng/ml @entity3566 . With 50 and 500 ng/ml CsA there were no changes in either the @entity3566 -stimulated T levels or the two enzymatic activities. However, 5000 ng/ml CsA significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the @entity3566 (1 ng/ml)-stimulated T levels, CSCC and 17,20-desmolase activities. The high dosage of CsA (5000 ng/ml) also caused a significant decrease in cell viability (P less than 0.05) during the incubation period. These effects of CsA were not due to cremophor EL, the CsA vehicle. This in vitro data indicate that high dosages of CsA (greater than or equal to 5000 ng/ml) appear to have a cytotoxic effect on @entity35 Leydig cells that results in a decrease in T production. However, lower doses of CsA (less than 500 ng/ml) do not have any direct inhibitory effect on the @entity35 Leydig cells, suggesting that the hypoandrogenic effect of in vivo CsA in @entity35 is not due to any direct effect on the testis.

title: Effect of @entity205 on steroidogenesis in XXXX Leydig cells.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Androgens regulate blood pressure and renal alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in a parallel fashion in the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). The present studies investigated whether this regulation of renal alpha 2B-adrenergic receptors occurs at the mRNA level. Male and female SHR were gonadectomized at 4 weeks of age. The gonadectomized @entity35 were implanted with or without @entity3033 . Sham-gonadectomized @entity35 served as controls. Total kidney RNA was purified, and alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor mRNA was quantified with a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The assay uses a mimic RNA added at known concentrations to the sample RNA. The mimic was constructed from the target sequence in the alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor mRNA plus a 20-bp insertion of a random @entity377 sequence. The amount of alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor mRNA present in each sample was obtained by determining the equivalence point between the amount of RT-PCR product formed in the target band versus the mimic band, which were resolved by gel electrophoresis. Intact males had more than two times as much alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor mRNA as intact females. Castration of males reduced the male-female difference by more than 60%. Ovariectomy slightly increased the alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor mRNA level compared with that of intact females. Treatment with @entity251 elevated alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor mRNA levels of gonadectomized males and females to the level of intact males. The alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor mRNA levels correlated remarkably well with renal alpha 2-adrenergic receptor density. We conclude that @entity251 regulates renal alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor gene expression at the mRNA level in the SHR.

title: XXXX regulation of renal alpha 2B-adrenergic receptor mRNA levels.

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['Testosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Vertebrobasilar dissecting @entity439 (VBDA) management is challenging despite the availability of multiple treatment strategies. We reviewed our experiences using endovascular treatment for VBDA @entity1 to assess the efficacy and safety of several VBDA treatment strategies. METHODS: Assisted by intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography, 35 @entity1 in our hospital were treated using various VBDA treatment strategies, including stent-assisted coil embolization (20 @entity1 ), placement of single or multiple overlapping stents (5 @entity1 ) or coil embolization combined with proximal coil trapping of the dissected segment of the parent artery (CE+PT; 10 @entity1 ). We retrospectively reviewed the perioperative records of all 35 @entity1 and the post-procedure angiographic and clinical outcomes of 31 available @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 25 cases with ruptured VBDAs, 14 underwent stent-assisted coil embolization, 2 underwent multiple overlapping stent placement and 9 underwent CE+PT. Perioperative complications occurred in four cases (16.0%), including one @entity1756 and one parent artery @entity715 during the procedure and two incidences of @entity63 after the procedure. Clinical outcome evaluations were performed using the Modified Rankin Scale and resulted in the following scores: 0-2 for 22 @entity1 (22/25, 88.0%), 5 for one @entity1 (1/25, 4.0%) and 6 for two @entity1 (2/25, 8.0%). No @entity1779 events or @entity204 occurred during the follow-up period. Of the 10 cases with unruptured VBDAs, six underwent stent-assisted coil embolization, three underwent single or multiple overlapping stent placement and one @entity1 underwent CE+PT. All 10 of the @entity1 with unruptured VBDAs had favorable clinical and radiologic outcomes without procedure-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with ruptured VBDAs, the complication rate associated with endovascular treatment is acceptable. CE+PT is better than stent coiling in preventing @entity439 , but is associated with a high incidence of @entity385 . For unruptured VBDAs, endovascular treatment is associated with good clinical outcome without perioperative complications, including rerupture and @entity385 . However, the high postoperative recurrent @entity439 risk suggests the necessity of long-term angiographic follow-up monitoring of VBDA @entity1 who undergo endovascular treatments.

title: Long-term follow-up study of 35 cases after endovascular treatment for vertebrobasilar dissecting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal rerupture', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overdrainage is a major problem in shunt therapy for @entity1276 . The adjustable gravitational valve proSA allows for the first time a targeted compensation for overdrainage in the upright position without interfering with the differential pressure valve. To evaluate benefit, safety and reliability, the multicenter prospective registry PROSAIKA was conducted in 10 German neurosurgical centers. METHODS: Between March 2009 and July 2010, 120 hydrocephalic @entity1 undergoing first time shunt implantation or shunt revision using proSA entered the study. 93 @entity1 completed the 12 months follow-up. RESULTS: @entity1276 symptoms were improved in 86%, unchanged in 9% and deteriorated in 3%. In 51%, the proSA opening pressure was readjusted one or several times to treat suspected suboptimal shunt function, this resulted in clinical improvement in 55%, no change in 25%, and deterioration in 20% of these @entity1 . The 1 year censored proSA shunt survival rate was 89%. Device related shunt failure was seen in two cases. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first clinical report on the implantation of the adjustable gravitational valve proSA with a follow-up of 12 months in a substantial number of @entity1 . Irrespective of different @entity1276 etiologies and indications for shunt surgery, the overall results after 12 months were very satisfying. The high frequency of valve readjustments underlines the fact that preoperative selection of the appropriate valve opening pressure is difficult. The low number of revisions and complications compared to other valves proves that proSA implantation adds no further risk; this valve is reliable, helpful and safe.

title: PROSAIKA: a prospective multicenter registry with the first programmable gravitational device for XXXX shunting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrocephalus', 'hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: The soluble glycoprotein sCD14 binds lipopolysaccharide, a complex that activates endothelial cells and that may be crucial in gram-negative @entity295 . Therefore, serum sCD14 was analyzed in 54 @entity1 with gram-negative @entity326 and in 26 healthy controls. sCD14 was tested by ELISA and Western blotting. @entity1 had higher sCD14 concentrations than controls (median, 3.23 vs. 2.48 micrograms/mL, P = .002). Increased levels were associated with high mortality (median, 4.2 micrograms/mL in nonsurvivors vs. 2.8 micrograms/mL in survivors, P = .001). sCD14 was found in two isoforms (49 and 55 kDa) in monocyte cultures. In sera only one of either form was detectable. Controls had the 49-kDa form, and @entity1 had either the 49- or 55-kDa form, but @entity1 with high levels of sCD14 had only the 55-kDa form. Twenty-one (53%) of 39 with the 55-kDa form and 8 (57%) of 14 with the 49-kDa form died. Thus, the level of sCD14 but not its biochemical form had a prognostic value in @entity1 with gram-negative @entity326 .

title: Increased circulating soluble CD14 is associated with high mortality in gram-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: @entity130 of the nail cuticle of @entity11691 deficient @entity235 was used to study the evolution of the morphological changes occurring within the forming and formed haemostatic plug at the site of @entity1317 . The morphological changes occurring were documented by light and @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ). Randomized measurements were made of the distances between adjacent platelets as a function of platelet interdigitation or compaction and the degree of dilatation of the open canalicular system (OCS) was used as an indicator of the degree of platelet activation. Fibrin deposition was noted both in terms of its location and the point in time at which it first appeared. @entity1579 demonstrated major differences between the @entity11691 deficient and the normal and factor VII deficient groups. In the normal animals the intermembrane distance showed noticeable changes with the platelets becoming tightly interdigitated at the time @entity548 stopped. During the same period the OCS became dilated. These changes, which were not seen in the @entity11691 deficient animals, continued until many platelets lost their intracellular content and became balloon cells or ghosts and fibrinous transformation became prominent. Although those events did occur in the factor VII deficient state, each was delayed and resulted in significant differences between the factor VII and normal animals suggesting that the extrinsic pathway may play an important role in initiating the changes noted. The results suggested that the generation of thrombin and/or factor Xa is essential to promote the initial stabilization of the platelet plug as well as initiating its subsequent consolidation by fibrinous transformation.

title: A detailed morphological evaluation of the evolution of the haemostatic plug in normal, factor XXXX deficient @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity11691 :: ('403875(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['normal, factor VII and factor VIII', 'factor VIII']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['transmission electron microscopy', 'TEM']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['A standardized injury']

answer: @entity11691 :: (403875(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['VII and factor VIII']


abstract: @entity130 of the nail cuticle of @entity11691 deficient @entity235 was used to study the evolution of the morphological changes occurring within the forming and formed haemostatic plug at the site of @entity1317 . The morphological changes occurring were documented by light and @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ). Randomized measurements were made of the distances between adjacent platelets as a function of platelet interdigitation or compaction and the degree of dilatation of the open canalicular system (OCS) was used as an indicator of the degree of platelet activation. Fibrin deposition was noted both in terms of its location and the point in time at which it first appeared. @entity1579 demonstrated major differences between the @entity11691 deficient and the normal and factor VII deficient groups. In the normal animals the intermembrane distance showed noticeable changes with the platelets becoming tightly interdigitated at the time @entity548 stopped. During the same period the OCS became dilated. These changes, which were not seen in the @entity11691 deficient animals, continued until many platelets lost their intracellular content and became balloon cells or ghosts and fibrinous transformation became prominent. Although those events did occur in the factor VII deficient state, each was delayed and resulted in significant differences between the factor VII and normal animals suggesting that the extrinsic pathway may play an important role in initiating the changes noted. The results suggested that the generation of thrombin and/or factor Xa is essential to promote the initial stabilization of the platelet plug as well as initiating its subsequent consolidation by fibrinous transformation.

title: A detailed morphological evaluation of the evolution of the haemostatic plug in normal, factor @entity11691 deficient XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial comparing two interventions in employees sick-listed 3 to 16 weeks because of @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). OBJECTIVE: To compare 1-year return to work (RTW), @entity158 , disability and physical and mental health dimensions in subjects offered a hospital-based multidisciplinary intervention or a brief intervention. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies in sick-listed employees with @entity1643 have indicated efficacy of both brief and more comprehensive multidisciplinary interventions. However, it remains unknown, which is the more effective, and which elements are instrumental in furthering RTW, and improving health. METHODS: The brief intervention comprised clinical examination and advice offered by a rehabilitation physician and a physiotherapist. In the multidisciplinary intervention, this intervention was supplemented with the expertise of a team and the assignment of a case manager who drew up a rehabilitation plan in collaboration with the @entity1 and the multidisciplinary team. One-year RTW was estimated by data from a comprehensive national database of social transfer payments. Questionnaires were used to obtain baseline and 1-year data on Roland Morris disability score, @entity1643 Rating Scale, SF36, and fear-avoidance. RESULTS: A total of 351 @entity1 were included and randomized and 344 (98%) @entity1 participated in all the consultations according to the study protocol. RTW was achieved by 125 (71.0%) @entity1 in the multidisciplinary and 133 (76.0%) @entity1 in the brief intervention group. The hazard ratio was 0.84 after adjustment for sex, age, smoking, compensation claims, disability score, and diagnosis (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-1.08,P = 0.18). Multiple linear regression analysis displayed no differences in secondary outcomes, except for the mental health score (SF36), which was a little higher in the multidisciplinary intervention group than in the brief intervention group. CONCLUSION: Hospital-based multidisciplinary intervention may be no better than brief intervention to increase RTW and improve health in sick-listed employees with @entity1643 .

title: One-year follow-up in employees sick-listed because of XXXX : randomized clinical trial comparing multidisciplinary and brief intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: The diagnostic value of @entity6741 -dependent lipase for @entity660 was tested in sera of 187 @entity1 . Of these @entity1 , 76 suffered from @entity3123 , 43 from nonmalignant @entity409 ( @entity82 and @entity3619 ), 18 from acute @entity788 , and 20 from chronic @entity788 . The remaining subjects were controls without pancreatic pathology. @entity6741 -dependent lipase was determined by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using polyclonal antibodies. Amylase and CA 19-9 antigen were also determined. In sera from control @entity1 , the mean level of @entity6741 -dependent lipase was 1.5 micrograms/L. This level is quite similar to that of @entity1 with @entity409 (1.1 micrograms/L) and with chronic @entity788 (1.4 micrograms/L), but it was raised to 3.5 micrograms/L in @entity1 with acute @entity788 and decreased to 0.5 microgram/L in subjects with @entity788 . Thirty percent of control subjects and 73% of @entity5 @entity1 had a @entity6741 -dependent lipase serum level below the cutoff value of 0.5 microgram/L. In acute @entity788 , 11 of 16 subjects had levels above 1.5 micrograms/L. Amylase level largely increased in acute @entity788 but was normal in all other groups. Concerning CA 19-9 antigen, 65% of control @entity1 and > 80% of @entity1 with nonmalignant pancreatic or @entity409 had normal levels. In sera from @entity5 @entity1 , 80% presented with high levels. Accordingly, 36 of 38 @entity1 with @entity788 had either low serum levels of @entity6741 -dependent lipase (< 0.5 microgram/L) or high values of CA 19-9 antigen (> 37 U/ml; sensitivity 95%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Is @entity6741 -dependent lipase concentration in serum of any help in XXXX diagnosis?

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['benign liver diseases', 'liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt', 'Bile salt']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: The diagnostic value of @entity6741 -dependent lipase for @entity660 was tested in sera of 187 @entity1 . Of these @entity1 , 76 suffered from @entity3123 , 43 from nonmalignant @entity409 ( @entity82 and @entity3619 ), 18 from acute @entity788 , and 20 from chronic @entity788 . The remaining subjects were controls without pancreatic pathology. @entity6741 -dependent lipase was determined by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using polyclonal antibodies. Amylase and CA 19-9 antigen were also determined. In sera from control @entity1 , the mean level of @entity6741 -dependent lipase was 1.5 micrograms/L. This level is quite similar to that of @entity1 with @entity409 (1.1 micrograms/L) and with chronic @entity788 (1.4 micrograms/L), but it was raised to 3.5 micrograms/L in @entity1 with acute @entity788 and decreased to 0.5 microgram/L in subjects with @entity788 . Thirty percent of control subjects and 73% of @entity5 @entity1 had a @entity6741 -dependent lipase serum level below the cutoff value of 0.5 microgram/L. In acute @entity788 , 11 of 16 subjects had levels above 1.5 micrograms/L. Amylase level largely increased in acute @entity788 but was normal in all other groups. Concerning CA 19-9 antigen, 65% of control @entity1 and > 80% of @entity1 with nonmalignant pancreatic or @entity409 had normal levels. In sera from @entity5 @entity1 , 80% presented with high levels. Accordingly, 36 of 38 @entity1 with @entity788 had either low serum levels of @entity6741 -dependent lipase (< 0.5 microgram/L) or high values of CA 19-9 antigen (> 37 U/ml; sensitivity 95%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Is XXXX -dependent lipase concentration in serum of any help in @entity788 diagnosis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile salt']


abstract: The present immunohistochemical study examines the expression of @entity7790 , EGF, and the @entity470 in prostatic tissues obtained from @entity1 with either @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) or @entity263 . Frozen sections were cut at 5 microns and were incubated with monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity7790 , EGF, or the @entity470 . The remainder of the staining procedure was performed with an avidin- @entity1885 -complex peroxidase procedure. Strong @entity7790 expression was not detected in any of the 15 @entity1067 specimens examined or in the normal/ @entity5072 tissue intermixed within the @entity420 . In contrast, malignant cells in 9 of 11 @entity420 strongly expressed @entity7790 . EGF reactivity was observed in both @entity5072 and malignant epithelial tissues. @entity470 expression was strongest along the basal aspects of cells of normal or @entity5072 glands. Although most malignant cells also were positive for the @entity470 the level of staining was less than that observed in cells forming normal or @entity5072 glands. These results suggest that EGF and the @entity470 may be components of an autocrine/paracrine regulatory pathway involved in @entity5072 and/or malignant disease of the prostate. The finding that @entity7790 is expressed only in malignant cells suggests that @entity7790 may represent a locally active autocrine regulator of malignant prostate cells.

title: Expression of transforming growth factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor and the @entity470 in XXXX and @entity1067 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: The present immunohistochemical study examines the expression of @entity7790 , EGF, and the @entity470 in prostatic tissues obtained from @entity1 with either @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) or @entity263 . Frozen sections were cut at 5 microns and were incubated with monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity7790 , EGF, or the @entity470 . The remainder of the staining procedure was performed with an avidin- @entity1885 -complex peroxidase procedure. Strong @entity7790 expression was not detected in any of the 15 @entity1067 specimens examined or in the normal/ @entity5072 tissue intermixed within the @entity420 . In contrast, malignant cells in 9 of 11 @entity420 strongly expressed @entity7790 . EGF reactivity was observed in both @entity5072 and malignant epithelial tissues. @entity470 expression was strongest along the basal aspects of cells of normal or @entity5072 glands. Although most malignant cells also were positive for the @entity470 the level of staining was less than that observed in cells forming normal or @entity5072 glands. These results suggest that EGF and the @entity470 may be components of an autocrine/paracrine regulatory pathway involved in @entity5072 and/or malignant disease of the prostate. The finding that @entity7790 is expressed only in malignant cells suggests that @entity7790 may represent a locally active autocrine regulator of malignant prostate cells.

title: Expression of transforming growth factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor and the XXXX in @entity263 and @entity1067 .

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: The present immunohistochemical study examines the expression of @entity7790 , EGF, and the @entity470 in prostatic tissues obtained from @entity1 with either @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) or @entity263 . Frozen sections were cut at 5 microns and were incubated with monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity7790 , EGF, or the @entity470 . The remainder of the staining procedure was performed with an avidin- @entity1885 -complex peroxidase procedure. Strong @entity7790 expression was not detected in any of the 15 @entity1067 specimens examined or in the normal/ @entity5072 tissue intermixed within the @entity420 . In contrast, malignant cells in 9 of 11 @entity420 strongly expressed @entity7790 . EGF reactivity was observed in both @entity5072 and malignant epithelial tissues. @entity470 expression was strongest along the basal aspects of cells of normal or @entity5072 glands. Although most malignant cells also were positive for the @entity470 the level of staining was less than that observed in cells forming normal or @entity5072 glands. These results suggest that EGF and the @entity470 may be components of an autocrine/paracrine regulatory pathway involved in @entity5072 and/or malignant disease of the prostate. The finding that @entity7790 is expressed only in malignant cells suggests that @entity7790 may represent a locally active autocrine regulator of malignant prostate cells.

title: Expression of transforming growth factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor and the @entity470 in @entity263 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: The @entity1 oral microbial biota represents a highly diverse biofilm. Twenty-five species of oral streptococci inhabit the @entity1 oral cavity and represent about 20 % of the total oral bacteria. Taxonomy of these bacteria is complex and remains provisional. @entity1697 . Each species has developed specific properties for colonizing the different oral sites subjected to constantly changing conditions, for competing against competitors, and for resisting external agressions (host immune system, physico-chemical shocks, and mechanical frictions). Imbalance in the indigenous microbial biota generates @entity66 , and under proper conditions, commensal streptococci can switch to opportunistic pathogens that @entity66 in and damage to the host. The group of "mutans streptococci" was described as the most important bacteria related to the formation of @entity1547 . @entity6586 , although naturally present among the @entity1 oral microbiota, is the microbial species most strongly associated with @entity1547 . This minireview describes the oral streptococci ecology and their biofilm life style by focusing on the mutans group, mainly @entity6586 . Virulence traits, interactions in the biofilm, and influence of @entity6586 in @entity1547 etiology are discussed.

title: [ XXXX and oral streptococci in dental plaque].

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['Oral streptococci encompass friends and foes bacteria']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral diseases', 'initiate disease']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['carious lesions', 'dental caries']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidural @entity134 injection is an established treatment modality for @entity1798 leading to @entity614 . In cases where two levels of @entity614 are present, two separate injections are warranted. Herein, we present our experience of management of such cases with a single epidural injection of local anaesthetic, @entity1340 and @entity1667 , and table tilt for management of both @entity614 . METHODS: 50 @entity1 of either sex aged between 35-65 years presenting with features of cervical and lumbar radiculopathic @entity158 were included and were subjected to single lumbar epidural injection of local anaesthetic, @entity1340 and @entity1667 , in the lateral position. The table was then tilted in the trendelberg position with a tilt of 25 degrees, and @entity1 were maintained for 10 minutes before being turned supine. All @entity1 were administered 3 such injections with an interval of 2 weeks between subsequent injections, and @entity158 relief was assessed with a visual analogue scale. Immediate complications after the block were assessed. RESULTS: Immediate and post procedural complications observed were @entity390 and @entity391 (20%), painful injection site (4%), @entity551 (10%) and high block (4%). @entity158 relief was assessed after the three injections by three grades: 37 (74%) had complete resolution of symptoms; 18% had partial relief and 8% did not benefit from the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: This technique may be used as an alternative technique for @entity158 relief in @entity1 with unilateral cervical and lumbar @entity614 .

title: Single shot epidural injection for cervical and XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc prolapse']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathies', 'radiculopathy']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['lumbosaccral radiculopathies']


abstract: Changes in the expression of two isoenzymic forms of @entity2388 kinase in fetal hepatocyte cultures derived from 15- and 19-day gestation @entity35 are studied by immunocytochemical localization of the respective antigens. Initially, in cultures established from 15-day gestation @entity35 only the 'embryonic' form of the enzyme (M2-PK) is detected in all cells. Cells which stain positively for the liver specific form of the enzyme ( @entity16388 ) are not observed. After 2 days' culture, a significant number of cells have become positive for @entity16388 . All the positive cells have a morphology which is typical of liver parenchymal cells. However, the majority of parenchymal cells remain negative for @entity16388 while retaining M2-PK. In contrast, all cells which display a fibroblastic morphology, as well as clear epithelial cells are M2-PK positive, but @entity16388 negative. In 5-day-old cultures, all hepatocytes have become @entity16388 positive. Hepatocytes derived from 19-day gestation @entity35 liver stain positively for @entity16388 on day 1 of culture in agreement with previously published biochemical data. A minor population of negative cells is non-parenchymal in appearance. All parenchymal cells are negative when the culture is stained with M2-PK specific antibody. Five days after the culture is established, many non-parenchymal cells are present. Such cells are @entity16388 negative and M2-PK positive and their presence in cultures derived from both 15- and 19-day gestation @entity35 explains the persistence of M2-PK. This study reveals that during enzymic differentiation of fetal hepatocytes, all immature hepatocytes are initially capable of expressing M2-PK while they do not produce @entity16388 . During culture, a sub-population of these cells initiates synthesis of @entity16388 , indicating that only a fraction of the cells differentiate. At the same time, hepatocytes which do not stain for M2-PK appear, which suggests that cells which initiate @entity16388 synthesis have ceased to make M2-PK. Eventually all hepatocytes are @entity16388 positive and M2-PK negative, indicating that a switchover in expression of the @entity2388 kinase isoenzymes has occurred.

title: XXXX kinase isoenzyme transitions in cultures of fetal @entity35 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['Pyruvate']


abstract: Changes in the expression of two isoenzymic forms of @entity2388 kinase in fetal hepatocyte cultures derived from 15- and 19-day gestation @entity35 are studied by immunocytochemical localization of the respective antigens. Initially, in cultures established from 15-day gestation @entity35 only the 'embryonic' form of the enzyme (M2-PK) is detected in all cells. Cells which stain positively for the liver specific form of the enzyme ( @entity16388 ) are not observed. After 2 days' culture, a significant number of cells have become positive for @entity16388 . All the positive cells have a morphology which is typical of liver parenchymal cells. However, the majority of parenchymal cells remain negative for @entity16388 while retaining M2-PK. In contrast, all cells which display a fibroblastic morphology, as well as clear epithelial cells are M2-PK positive, but @entity16388 negative. In 5-day-old cultures, all hepatocytes have become @entity16388 positive. Hepatocytes derived from 19-day gestation @entity35 liver stain positively for @entity16388 on day 1 of culture in agreement with previously published biochemical data. A minor population of negative cells is non-parenchymal in appearance. All parenchymal cells are negative when the culture is stained with M2-PK specific antibody. Five days after the culture is established, many non-parenchymal cells are present. Such cells are @entity16388 negative and M2-PK positive and their presence in cultures derived from both 15- and 19-day gestation @entity35 explains the persistence of M2-PK. This study reveals that during enzymic differentiation of fetal hepatocytes, all immature hepatocytes are initially capable of expressing M2-PK while they do not produce @entity16388 . During culture, a sub-population of these cells initiates synthesis of @entity16388 , indicating that only a fraction of the cells differentiate. At the same time, hepatocytes which do not stain for M2-PK appear, which suggests that cells which initiate @entity16388 synthesis have ceased to make M2-PK. Eventually all hepatocytes are @entity16388 positive and M2-PK negative, indicating that a switchover in expression of the @entity2388 kinase isoenzymes has occurred.

title: @entity2388 kinase isoenzyme transitions in cultures of fetal XXXX hepatocytes.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Precipitates were obtained by 6 N @entity5828 hydrolysis of @entity1 erythrocytes and subsequent extractions with @entity1068 -ether 1:1 and with @entity6188 . The mean quantity of these precipitates (n = 16) was 16.60 +/- 1.60 (standard deviation) mg/ml, (15.09 +/- 1.45 mg/g) and from saline washed erythrocyte samples (n = 8) 16.65 +/- 0.73 mg/ml, (15.14 +/- 0.67 mg/g). A large part of these precipitates (about 74%) is associated with haemoglobin (in average 12.34 mg/ml). Melanins account for the difference (16.60-12.34) = 4.26 mg/ml, approximately 8.7% of haemoglobin-free erythrocyte solids. Precipitates from red cells, and from haemoglobin produced similar UV-VIS and IR spectra. The precipitates from haemoglobin are mainly derivatives of haeme (about 97%); the remaining approximately 3% are melanins from globin. The total melanins are about 1.3% of haeme-free solids of erythrocytes. Precipitation from the erythrocytes with 6 N @entity5828 was also achieved in practically complete argon atmosphere, and similar quantities were obtained as those in air with the same UV-VIS and IR spectra. Since granules or solid particles are not found in the cytoplasm of normal @entity1 erythrocytes, we conclude that soluble melanins are present. Small amounts of melanins can be present in the membranes as well, since the precursors of @entity9203 : @entity1063 , @entity1425 are present in these membranes.

title: Melanin quantitation from XXXX erythrocytes; interference by haeme derivatives.

entities_list: @entity9203 :: ('MESH:D008543', 'Chemical') :: ['melanins']

entities_list: @entity6188 :: ('MESH:C018674', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrofuran']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pedicled @entity20231 flap has been a workhorse of autologous breast reconstruction for decades. However, there has been a rising concern about the abdominal wall donor site morbidity with the use of conventional @entity20231 flap. This has generally been cited as one of the main reasons for resorting to "abdominal wall friendly" techniques. This study has been undertaken to assess the abdominal wall function in @entity1 with pedicled @entity20231 flap breast reconstruction. The entire width of the muscle and the overlying wide disk of anterior rectus sheath were harvested with the @entity20231 flap in all our @entity1 and the anterior rectus sheath defect was repaired by a @entity1521 mesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Abdominal wall function was studied in 21 @entity1 who underwent simultaneous primary unipedicled @entity20231 flap reconstruction after mastectomy for @entity5 . In all the @entity1 , the abdominal wall defect was repaired using wide sheet of @entity1521 mesh both as inlay and onlay. The assessment tools included straight and rotational curl ups and a subjective questionnaire. The abdominal wall was also examined for any asymmetry, bulge, or @entity547 . The minimal follow-up was 6 months postoperative. The objective results were compared with normal unoperated volunteers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The harvesting the @entity20231 flap certainly results in changes to the anterior abdominal wall that can express themselves to a variable degree. A relatively high incidence of asymptomatic asymmetry of the abdomen was seen. There was total absence of @entity547 in our series even after a mean follow-up period of 15.5 months. A few @entity1 were only able to partially initiate the sit up movement and suffered an important loss of strength. In most @entity1 , synergists took over the functional movement but as the load increased, flexion and rotation performances decreased. The lack of correlation between exercise tests and the results of the questionnaire suggests that this statistically significant impairment was functionally not important. The @entity1 encountered little or no difficulty in theis day-to-day activities. Our modification of use of a wide mesh as inlay and onlay repair minimizes the donor site morbidity. This also avoids maneuvers meant for primary closure of the @entity154 , which can result in distortion of umbilicus. Therefore, in conclusion, the unipedicled @entity20231 flap should be regarded as a valuable option in breast reconstruction provided careful repair of the abdominal wall defect is undertaken using @entity1521 mesh.

title: Assessment of the abdominal wall function after pedicled XXXX flap surgery for breast reconstruction: Use of modified mesh repair for the donor defect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['rectus sheath defects']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['Proline']

answer: @entity20231 :: (23471,Gene) :: ['TRAM']


abstract: Stent @entity174 (SF) has been implicated as a risk factor for in-stent @entity256 , but its incidence and clinical characteristics are not well established. Therefore we investigated the conditions associated with stent @entity174 and its clinical presentation and outcome. Between 2004 and 2007, consecutive cases of SF were collected from the Seoul National University Hospital. Clinical characteristics and outcome of @entity1 with @entity174 stents were compared with a ten-fold cohort of age and gender matched controls (n = 236). A total of 4,845 @entity1 received percutaneous coronary intervention and 3,315 @entity1 (68.4%) underwent angiographic follow-up. Twenty-eight @entity174 stents were observed in 24 @entity1 . The incidence of SF was 0.89% for @entity3446 -eluting stents (SES) and 0.09% for @entity1311 -eluting stents. @entity740 , stent implantation in the right coronary artery (RCA), and SES use were independent predictors of drug-eluting stent @entity174 by multivariate analysis. SF was significantly associated with binary @entity256 (11.4% vs 41.7%, P < 0.001) and increased risk of @entity75 revascularization (8.1% vs 33.3%, P = 0.001). @entity1 with SF but without significant @entity256 showed excellent outcome despite only medical treatment. In conclusion, SF is associated with increased rates of @entity256 and repeat revascularization. Significant risk factors include @entity740 , RCA intervention, and SES use.

title: Clinical characteristics of coronary drug-eluting stent XXXX : insights from a two-center des registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The maternal mRNA D7 is a moderately abundant transcript in @entity1238 whose expression is highest in, and perhaps restricted to, oogenesis and early embryogenesis. The @entity377 sequence of cloned D7 cDNA was determined and shown to have the capacity to code for a 31-kD protein. This @entity535 sequence was searched against a protein data base, and no homologous proteins were found. Antibodies directed against D7 recognize in @entity1238 embryos a soluble, cytoplasmic protein with an apparent molecular weight on SDS gels of 36,000. The @entity73244 is absent from oocytes and first begins to accumulate during oocyte maturation. Its levels are highest during the first day of embryonic development and then decrease; @entity73244 was not detected in adult tissues. D7 mRNA was selectively destroyed by injection into oocytes of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Analysis of injected oocytes by Northern and Western blotting showed site-specific cleavage and subsequent degradation of the D7 mRNA and the failure of the @entity73244 to accumulate during @entity1420 -induced maturation. The loss of @entity73244 affects the maturation process itself, significantly delaying the time course of germinal vesicle breakdown. Thus, D7 is a newly described protein involved in oocyte maturation.

title: Destruction of a translationally controlled mRNA in XXXX oocytes delays @entity1420 -induced maturation.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'Xenopus']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: The maternal mRNA D7 is a moderately abundant transcript in @entity1238 whose expression is highest in, and perhaps restricted to, oogenesis and early embryogenesis. The @entity377 sequence of cloned D7 cDNA was determined and shown to have the capacity to code for a 31-kD protein. This @entity535 sequence was searched against a protein data base, and no homologous proteins were found. Antibodies directed against D7 recognize in @entity1238 embryos a soluble, cytoplasmic protein with an apparent molecular weight on SDS gels of 36,000. The @entity73244 is absent from oocytes and first begins to accumulate during oocyte maturation. Its levels are highest during the first day of embryonic development and then decrease; @entity73244 was not detected in adult tissues. D7 mRNA was selectively destroyed by injection into oocytes of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Analysis of injected oocytes by Northern and Western blotting showed site-specific cleavage and subsequent degradation of the D7 mRNA and the failure of the @entity73244 to accumulate during @entity1420 -induced maturation. The loss of @entity73244 affects the maturation process itself, significantly delaying the time course of germinal vesicle breakdown. Thus, D7 is a newly described protein involved in oocyte maturation.

title: Destruction of a translationally controlled mRNA in @entity1238 oocytes delays XXXX -induced maturation.

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Twenty-eight consecutive adult @entity1 with locally advanced (inoperable) or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 were treated with a chemotherapy regimen (CADOM) including @entity786 , ADR, and DTIC on Day 1 of each course, and @entity1891 with intermediate-dose @entity1499 (200 mg/m2) on Day 15 followed by leucovorin rescue. Twenty-four of the @entity1 were evaluable for response and @entity137 . Three (13%) achieved a CR after chemotherapy and 6 (25%) a PR. Two of the PRs were converted to CR after surgical @entity41 . All five @entity1 achieving a CR are alive 12 to 30 months after beginning chemotherapy. Median survival of @entity1 achieving a PR was 18 months and of @entity1 achieving an MR was 7 months. Three of five @entity1 with @entity242 arising from the female genitalia achieved a CR. No treatment-related @entity204 occurred. There were five instances of @entity1431 and @entity221 . @entity1209 , and @entity1665 were common. @entity3136 , @entity21665 , @entity8442 , and @entity1897 were occasionally observed. The addition of @entity1499 did not improve the response rate when compared with our previous CYV ADIC protocol.

title: @entity786 , adriamycin, DTIC and @entity1891 with XXXX in the treatment of @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['Stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['removal of residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic ileus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity21665 :: ('MESH:D009120', 'Disease') :: ['muscle cramps']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Twenty-eight consecutive adult @entity1 with locally advanced (inoperable) or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 were treated with a chemotherapy regimen (CADOM) including @entity786 , ADR, and DTIC on Day 1 of each course, and @entity1891 with intermediate-dose @entity1499 (200 mg/m2) on Day 15 followed by leucovorin rescue. Twenty-four of the @entity1 were evaluable for response and @entity137 . Three (13%) achieved a CR after chemotherapy and 6 (25%) a PR. Two of the PRs were converted to CR after surgical @entity41 . All five @entity1 achieving a CR are alive 12 to 30 months after beginning chemotherapy. Median survival of @entity1 achieving a PR was 18 months and of @entity1 achieving an MR was 7 months. Three of five @entity1 with @entity242 arising from the female genitalia achieved a CR. No treatment-related @entity204 occurred. There were five instances of @entity1431 and @entity221 . @entity1209 , and @entity1665 were common. @entity3136 , @entity21665 , @entity8442 , and @entity1897 were occasionally observed. The addition of @entity1499 did not improve the response rate when compared with our previous CYV ADIC protocol.

title: @entity786 , adriamycin, DTIC and @entity1891 with @entity1499 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['advanced soft tissue sarcomas']


abstract: Twenty-eight consecutive adult @entity1 with locally advanced (inoperable) or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 were treated with a chemotherapy regimen (CADOM) including @entity786 , ADR, and DTIC on Day 1 of each course, and @entity1891 with intermediate-dose @entity1499 (200 mg/m2) on Day 15 followed by leucovorin rescue. Twenty-four of the @entity1 were evaluable for response and @entity137 . Three (13%) achieved a CR after chemotherapy and 6 (25%) a PR. Two of the PRs were converted to CR after surgical @entity41 . All five @entity1 achieving a CR are alive 12 to 30 months after beginning chemotherapy. Median survival of @entity1 achieving a PR was 18 months and of @entity1 achieving an MR was 7 months. Three of five @entity1 with @entity242 arising from the female genitalia achieved a CR. No treatment-related @entity204 occurred. There were five instances of @entity1431 and @entity221 . @entity1209 , and @entity1665 were common. @entity3136 , @entity21665 , @entity8442 , and @entity1897 were occasionally observed. The addition of @entity1499 did not improve the response rate when compared with our previous CYV ADIC protocol.

title: @entity786 , adriamycin, DTIC and XXXX with @entity1499 in the treatment of @entity242 .

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: Twenty-eight consecutive adult @entity1 with locally advanced (inoperable) or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 were treated with a chemotherapy regimen (CADOM) including @entity786 , ADR, and DTIC on Day 1 of each course, and @entity1891 with intermediate-dose @entity1499 (200 mg/m2) on Day 15 followed by leucovorin rescue. Twenty-four of the @entity1 were evaluable for response and @entity137 . Three (13%) achieved a CR after chemotherapy and 6 (25%) a PR. Two of the PRs were converted to CR after surgical @entity41 . All five @entity1 achieving a CR are alive 12 to 30 months after beginning chemotherapy. Median survival of @entity1 achieving a PR was 18 months and of @entity1 achieving an MR was 7 months. Three of five @entity1 with @entity242 arising from the female genitalia achieved a CR. No treatment-related @entity204 occurred. There were five instances of @entity1431 and @entity221 . @entity1209 , and @entity1665 were common. @entity3136 , @entity21665 , @entity8442 , and @entity1897 were occasionally observed. The addition of @entity1499 did not improve the response rate when compared with our previous CYV ADIC protocol.

title: XXXX , adriamycin, DTIC and @entity1891 with @entity1499 in the treatment of @entity242 .

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['Cyclophosphamide']