abstract: Clinical investigation of 93 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity703 were performed. These @entity1 consisted of 55 males and 38 females with a mean age of 64.8 years. There were 61 cases of @entity703 , 55 cases of @entity1698 and 23 with @entity5 of both sites. Thirty-four cases were associated with @entity150 and 41 of 82 @entity1 had @entity5 . The overall 5-year survival rate was 46.0%. 5-year survival of stages pTa, @entity2558 , pT2, @entity1803 , and pT4, was 93.3%, 71.8%, 37.5%, 30.4% and 10.5%, respectively. In this report, we evaluated various prognostic factors according to the survival rate. Sex, age, @entity5 localization, multiplicity, associated @entity150 and concomitance of CIS had no influence on survival. In the ABC analysis, the B group showed a tendency for a poor prognosis. However it may be explained from the fact that the B group contained more @entity1 at advanced stages than the other groups. @entity5 grade, @entity5 stage, pV factor and pL factor had a significant effect on survivals. But @entity5 grade, pV and pL factors were closely related to the @entity5 stage. Thus the stage was thought to be the most important factor in the prognosis of @entity3484 . Different surgical procedures and irradiation also did not affect the prognosis of the @entity1 with the same degree of invasion. Chemotherapy for all stages had no effect on survivals compared with non-chemotherapeutic group. However only for @entity1803 and higher stage cases, @entity900 -based chemotherapy improved the prognosis compared with @entity1 not given chemotherapy. In conclusion, chemotherapy containing @entity900 should be considered for treatment of high stage @entity3484 .

title: [Clinical investigation of XXXX with special reference to adjuvant chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['upper urinary tract cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'cancers', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvic cancer', 'renal pelvic and ureteral cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal pelvic and ureteral cancer']


abstract: We investigated the incidence of associated @entity150 and prognosis in 101 cases with a pathological @entity1606 , selected from those with @entity703 whom we had encountered over the 18 years between April 1976 and March 1993. Among these 101 cases, the incidence of associated @entity150 was noted in 42 (41.6%), 23 (22.8%) with @entity12825 and 19 (18.8%) with subsequence. As for the primary site of @entity8 , the @entity12825 was 15.4% and subsequence 20.5% in renal pelvis, and the @entity12825 was 24.6% and subsequence 19.3% in ureter, and the @entity12825 was 60.0% and subsequence 0.0% in both @entity8 . The incidence of coexistent @entity150 was high in both @entity8 , but no significant difference was noted. As for the stage, the incidence of @entity12825 was high in T1, while subsequence was high in T2, but no significant difference was noted. As for the grade, the incidence of @entity12825 was high in G2, but no significant difference was noted. The 5 year survival rate was 58.2% in those without, 54.2% with @entity12825 , and 82.5% with subsequent @entity150 , with a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the last two groups. The interval of subsequent @entity150 ranged from 4 to 164 months (mean 27.7 months), with the incidence within 2 years being approximately 70.0%. It was found that the @entity703 are frequently associated @entity150 while associated @entity150 dose not appear to have an ill effect on the prognosis. Therefore it is necessary that @entity1 with @entity703 be observed closely for 5 years, especially for the initial 2 years.

title: [A clinical study of associated XXXX in @entity1 with @entity703 ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvis and ureter']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12825 :: ('MESH:C565728', 'Disease') :: ['coexistence']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvic and ureteral tumors', 'renal pelvic and ureteral tumor']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumor']


abstract: We investigated the incidence of associated @entity150 and prognosis in 101 cases with a pathological @entity1606 , selected from those with @entity703 whom we had encountered over the 18 years between April 1976 and March 1993. Among these 101 cases, the incidence of associated @entity150 was noted in 42 (41.6%), 23 (22.8%) with @entity12825 and 19 (18.8%) with subsequence. As for the primary site of @entity8 , the @entity12825 was 15.4% and subsequence 20.5% in renal pelvis, and the @entity12825 was 24.6% and subsequence 19.3% in ureter, and the @entity12825 was 60.0% and subsequence 0.0% in both @entity8 . The incidence of coexistent @entity150 was high in both @entity8 , but no significant difference was noted. As for the stage, the incidence of @entity12825 was high in T1, while subsequence was high in T2, but no significant difference was noted. As for the grade, the incidence of @entity12825 was high in G2, but no significant difference was noted. The 5 year survival rate was 58.2% in those without, 54.2% with @entity12825 , and 82.5% with subsequent @entity150 , with a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the last two groups. The interval of subsequent @entity150 ranged from 4 to 164 months (mean 27.7 months), with the incidence within 2 years being approximately 70.0%. It was found that the @entity703 are frequently associated @entity150 while associated @entity150 dose not appear to have an ill effect on the prognosis. Therefore it is necessary that @entity1 with @entity703 be observed closely for 5 years, especially for the initial 2 years.

title: [A clinical study of associated @entity150 in @entity1 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal pelvic and ureteral tumor']


abstract: We investigated the incidence of associated @entity150 and prognosis in 101 cases with a pathological @entity1606 , selected from those with @entity703 whom we had encountered over the 18 years between April 1976 and March 1993. Among these 101 cases, the incidence of associated @entity150 was noted in 42 (41.6%), 23 (22.8%) with @entity12825 and 19 (18.8%) with subsequence. As for the primary site of @entity8 , the @entity12825 was 15.4% and subsequence 20.5% in renal pelvis, and the @entity12825 was 24.6% and subsequence 19.3% in ureter, and the @entity12825 was 60.0% and subsequence 0.0% in both @entity8 . The incidence of coexistent @entity150 was high in both @entity8 , but no significant difference was noted. As for the stage, the incidence of @entity12825 was high in T1, while subsequence was high in T2, but no significant difference was noted. As for the grade, the incidence of @entity12825 was high in G2, but no significant difference was noted. The 5 year survival rate was 58.2% in those without, 54.2% with @entity12825 , and 82.5% with subsequent @entity150 , with a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the last two groups. The interval of subsequent @entity150 ranged from 4 to 164 months (mean 27.7 months), with the incidence within 2 years being approximately 70.0%. It was found that the @entity703 are frequently associated @entity150 while associated @entity150 dose not appear to have an ill effect on the prognosis. Therefore it is necessary that @entity1 with @entity703 be observed closely for 5 years, especially for the initial 2 years.

title: [A clinical study of associated @entity150 in XXXX with @entity703 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A @entity1 in his 40s was found unconscious on a sofa in a communal residence for @entity1 with various disabilities. He appeared to have drunk 800ml of undiluted @entity1792 from a commercial plastic bottle. The instructions on the label of the beverage specified that the beverage be diluted 20- to 30-fold before consumption. The @entity1 was admitted to an emergency hospital with severe @entity520 ( @entity8487 , 6.70; @entity3157 , 3.6mEq/L) and a low ionized @entity460 level (0.73mmol/L). Although ionized @entity460 and @entity2661 were continuously administered intravenously to correct the @entity520 , the state of @entity2185 and low blood pressure did not improve, and he died 20h later. @entity1792 concentrations in the patient's serum drawn shortly after treatment in the hospital and from the heart at autopsy were 80.6mg/ml and 39.8mg/dl, respectively (normal range: 1.3-2.6mg/dl). Autopsy revealed black discoloration of the mucosal surface of the esophagus. Microscopically, degenerated epithelium and neutrophilic infiltration in the muscle layer were observed. In daily life, drinking a large amount of concentrated @entity1792 beverage is rare as a cause of lethal @entity4968 . However, @entity1 with @entity146 such as @entity303 may mistakenly drink detergent or concentrated fluids, as in our case. Family members or facility staff in the home or nursing facility must bear in mind that they should not leave such bottles in places where they are easily accessible to @entity1032 @entity1 .

title: An autopsy case of death due to @entity520 after XXXX ingestion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally handicapped']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid', 'Citric acid']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity1792 :: (MESH:D019343,Chemical) :: ['citric acid']


abstract: A @entity1 in his 40s was found unconscious on a sofa in a communal residence for @entity1 with various disabilities. He appeared to have drunk 800ml of undiluted @entity1792 from a commercial plastic bottle. The instructions on the label of the beverage specified that the beverage be diluted 20- to 30-fold before consumption. The @entity1 was admitted to an emergency hospital with severe @entity520 ( @entity8487 , 6.70; @entity3157 , 3.6mEq/L) and a low ionized @entity460 level (0.73mmol/L). Although ionized @entity460 and @entity2661 were continuously administered intravenously to correct the @entity520 , the state of @entity2185 and low blood pressure did not improve, and he died 20h later. @entity1792 concentrations in the patient's serum drawn shortly after treatment in the hospital and from the heart at autopsy were 80.6mg/ml and 39.8mg/dl, respectively (normal range: 1.3-2.6mg/dl). Autopsy revealed black discoloration of the mucosal surface of the esophagus. Microscopically, degenerated epithelium and neutrophilic infiltration in the muscle layer were observed. In daily life, drinking a large amount of concentrated @entity1792 beverage is rare as a cause of lethal @entity4968 . However, @entity1 with @entity146 such as @entity303 may mistakenly drink detergent or concentrated fluids, as in our case. Family members or facility staff in the home or nursing facility must bear in mind that they should not leave such bottles in places where they are easily accessible to @entity1032 @entity1 .

title: An autopsy case of death due to XXXX after @entity1792 ingestion.

answer: @entity520 :: (MESH:D000138,Disease) :: ['metabolic acidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychosocial problems are widespread but reliable data about management are sparse. An overall view is missing and there is a need for a wider framework to include the data available in health care and welfare practice, databases and research output. The question under scope is: how are @entity2673 presented and handled in primary care in Flanders? METHODS: A mixed method was used. Using a 'fishbone diagram' (1) we obtained a basic structure to visualize the main (problem) areas and challenges. A literature study (2) and semi-structured interviews with health care and welfare professionals in primary care (3) were performed. Finally, two interdisciplinary focus groups were organized (4). RESULTS: In Flanders, there is no tradition of multidisciplinary psychosocial research in primary care causing a lack of integrated data. Data only exist within disciplines without transdisciplinarity. The data are difficult to interpret due to different labeling and registration processes between disciplines and settings. However, we can find some general trends: assistance to @entity1 with @entity2673 is based on what can be offered, rather than on @entity1 needs; drug treatment remains popular; referral of @entity1 within primary care or to secondary care does not seem to be obvious. Among all disciplines, there is a great need for more collaboration and considerable advantages are to be expected from the growing emergence of multidisciplinary practices; multiculturalism appears to take an increasingly important place within primary care in Flanders and has implications for the care offered; and treatment effectiveness in @entity2673 seems to be more related to the @entity1 of the caregiver than to a specific discipline, theory or type of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, we strongly advise stimulation and organization of integrated (multidisciplinary) research regarding @entity2673 in primary care and a more consistent registration by the agencies in primary care.

title: Presenting prevalence and management of XXXX in primary care in Flanders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial problems']

answer: @entity2673 :: (MESH:C535569,Disease) :: ['psychosocial problems']


abstract: Aim   Kaposiform hemangiondothelioma (KHE) is a rare @entity5 , commonly associated with Kasaback-Merritt phenomenon characterized by @entity882 and @entity1003 . We report a case of pancreatic KHE presenting with @entity9727 and Kasaback-Merritt phenomenon. Case Report   A full term male baby presented with bile stained vomiting on Day 3 of life. Contrast study and computed tomography scan showed @entity9727 by a 5 cm extrinsic hypervascular mass. Platelet count was 23 x 109/L. Laparotomy confirmed a @entity5 arising from the pancreatic head compressing on the duodenum. Whipple operation was performed. Results   @entity1321 and @entity882 resolved after surgery. There was no post-operative complications. Histology confirmed KHE. The @entity1 was tolerating hydrolyzed milk formula and was thriving at 5 months follow up. Conclusion   We reported a case of pancreatic KHE presented with @entity1321 and Kasaback-Merritt phenomenon. High index of suspicion is necessary for diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the youngest @entity1 who underwent Whipple operation.

title: Pancreatic kaposiform hemangioendothelioma presenting with XXXX and kasabach-merritt phenomenon: a neonate cured by whipple operation.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal duodenal obstruction', 'duodenal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['consumptive coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal intestinal obstruction', 'Intestinal obstruction']

answer: @entity9727 :: (MESH:D004380,Disease) :: ['duodenal obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine features of @entity75 most predictive of @entity5 , and to design a key to assist general practitioners in the triaging of such lesions. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology at Queen   s University in Kingston, Ont. @entity1 : A total of 199 consecutive periocular lesions requiring biopsy or excision were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: First, potential features suggestive of @entity5 for @entity75 were identified based on a survey sent to Canadian oculoplastic surgeons. The sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratios (ORs) of these features were then determined using 199 consecutive photographed @entity75 of @entity1 who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology and underwent biopsy or excision. A triage key was then created based on the features with the highest ORs, and it was pilot-tested by a group of medical students. RESULTS: Of the 199 lesions included, 161 (80.9%) were benign and 38 (19.1%) were malignant. The 3 features with the highest ORs in predicting @entity5 were infiltration (OR = 18.2, P < .01), @entity1066 (OR = 14.7, P < .01), and @entity393 (OR = 6.0, P < .01). The acronym LUI ( @entity393 , @entity1066 , infiltration) was created to assist in memory recall. After watching a video describing the LUI triage key, the mean total score of a group of medical students for correctly identifying malignant lesions increased from 46% to 70% (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Differentiating benign from malignant @entity75 can be difficult even for experienced physicians. The LUI triage key provides physicians with an evidence-based, easy-to-remember system for assisting in the triaging of these lesions.

title: Identifying predictive morphologic features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['eyelid lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of eyelashes']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy in eyelid lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the additional value of whole-lesion histogram apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) metrics, when combined with standard pathologic features, in prediction of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy for @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 193 @entity1 (mean age, 61    7 years) who underwent 3-T MRI with DWI (b values, 50 and 1000 s/mm(2)) before prostatectomy. Histogram metrics were derived from 3D volumes of interest encompassing the entire lesion on ADC maps. Pathologic features from radical prostatectomy and subsequent BCR were recorded for each @entity1 . The Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare ADC-based metrics and pathologic features between @entity1 with and @entity1 without BCR. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to construct multivariable models for prediction of BCR, which were assessed by ROC analysis. RESULTS: BCR occurred in 16.6% (32/193) of @entity1 . Variables significantly associated with BCR included primary Gleason grade, Gleason score, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, positive surgical margin, preoperative @entity1486 level, MRI @entity5 volume, mean whole-lesion ADC, entropy ADC, and mean ADC of the bottom 10th, 10-25th, and 25-50th percentiles (p  <= 0.019). Significant independent predictors of BCR at multivariable analysis were primary Gleason grade, extraprostatic extension, mean of the bottom 10th percentile ADC, and entropy ADC (p = 0.002-0.037). The AUC of this multivariable model was 0.94 for prediction of BCR; the AUC of pathologic features alone was 0.89 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: A model integrating whole-lesion ADC metrics had significantly higher performance for prediction of BCR than did standard pathologic features alone and may help guide postoperative prognostic assessments and decisions regarding adjuvant therapy.

title: XXXX : Utility of Whole-Lesion Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Metrics for Prediction of Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Emerging evidence @entity27 ( @entity27 ) with increased @entity5 incidence and mortality. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play an important role in @entity5 immunity. We hypothesized that @entity1 with @entity27 have low number of circulating invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, which may also be functionally impaired. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of circulating iNKT cells in @entity27 . DESIGN: We evaluated the frequency of circulating iNKT cells by flow cytometry in 33 snorers being assessed for possible @entity27 . Using iNKT cell lines, we also evaluated the effect of exposure to @entity519 over 24 hours on apoptosis, @entity137 , and cytokine production. SETTING: Teaching hospital based sleep unit and research laboratory. @entity1 : Thirty-three snorers were evaluated: 9 with no @entity27 ( @entity27 frequency [AHI] < 5/h), 12 with mild-moderate @entity27 (AHI 5-30) and 12 with severe @entity27 (AHI > 30). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with severe @entity27 had considerably fewer iNKT cells (0.18%) compared to @entity1 with mild-moderate (0.24%) or no @entity27 (0.35%), P = 0.0026. The frequency of iNKT cells correlated negatively with @entity27 index (r = -0.58, P = 0.001), @entity26 desaturation index (r = -0.58, P = 0.0003), and SpO2% < 90% (r = -0.5407, P = 0.005). The frequency of iNKT cells increased following 12 months of nCPAP therapy (P = 0.015). @entity519 resulted in increased apoptosis (P = 0.016) and @entity137 (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) have significantly reduced levels of circulating invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and @entity519 leads to impaired iNKT cell function. These observations may partly explain the increased @entity5 risk reported in @entity1 with @entity27 .

title: Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Deficiency and Functional Impairment in Sleep Apnea: Links to XXXX Comorbidity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'links obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Current guidelines recommend annual discontinuation of postmenopausal @entity34 ( @entity34 ) to evaluate whether a @entity1 could manage without the treatment. The impact of @entity34 on @entity65 has been widely studied, but it is not known how the withdrawal of @entity34 affects cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the risk of cardiac or @entity64 death after the discontinuation of @entity34 . Design, @entity1 , Interventions, and Main Outcome Measures: Altogether 332 202 Finnish @entity1 discontinuing @entity34 between 1994 and 2009 (data from National Reimbursement register) were followed up from the discontinuation date to death due to cardiac cause (n = 3177) or @entity64 (n = 1952), or to the end of 2009. The deaths, retrieved from the national Cause of Death Register, were compared with the expected number of deaths in the age-standardized background population. In a subanalysis we also compared @entity34 stoppers with @entity34 users. RESULTS: Within the first posttreatment year, the risk of @entity204 was significantly elevated (standardized mortality ratio; 95% confidence interval 1.26; 1.16-1.37), whereas follow-up for longer than 1 year was accompanied with a reduction (0.75; 0.72-0.78). The risk of @entity64 death in the first posttreatment year was increased (1.63; 1.47-1.79), but follow-up for longer than 1 year was accompanied with a reduced risk (0.89; 0.85-0.94). The cardiac (2.30; 2.12-2.50) and @entity64 (2.52; 2.28-2.77) death risk elevations were even higher when compared with @entity34 users. In @entity1 who discontinued @entity34 at age younger than 60 years, but not in @entity1 aged 60 years or older, the cardiac mortality risk was elevated (1.94; 1.51-2.48). CONCLUSIONS: Increased @entity65 risks question the safety of annual @entity34 discontinuation practice to evaluate whether a @entity1 could manage without @entity34 .

title: Increased Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in XXXX Discontinuing Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular health', 'cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormone therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity583 constitutes a substrate for @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), and an accurate delineation of @entity1188 may help to identify reentrant circuits and thus facilitate catheter ablation. One of the recent advancements in characterization of a @entity1165 substrate is its volumetric delineation within the ventricular wall by noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging. This paper compares, in four specific cases, epicardial and volumetric inverse solutions, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with late @entity2287 enhancement as a gold standard. METHODS: For @entity1 with chronic @entity583 , who presented at Glasgow Western Infirmary, delayed-enhancement MRI and 120-lead body surface potential mapping (BSPM) data were acquired and 4 selected cases were later made available to a wider community as part of the 2007 PhysioNet/Computers in Cardiology Challenge. These data were used to perform @entity1 -specific inverse solutions for epicardial electrograms and morphology-based criteria were applied to delineate @entity1188 on the epicardial surface. Later, the Rochester group analyzed the same data by means of a novel inverse solution for reconstructing intramural transmembrane potentials, to delineate @entity1188 in three dimensions. Comparison of the performance of three specific inverse-solution algorithms is presented here, using scores based on the 17-segment ventricular division scheme recommended by the American Heart Association. RESULTS: The noninvasive methods delineating @entity1188 as three-dimensional (3D) intramural distribution of transmembrane action potentials outperform estimates providing scar delineation on the epicardial surface in all scores used for comparison. In particular, the extent of @entity1188 (its percentage mass relative to the total ventricular mass) is rendered more accurately by the 3D estimate. Moreover, the volumetric rendition of scar border provides better clues to potential targets for catheter ablation. CONCLUSIONS: Electrocardiographic inverse solution providing transmural distribution of ventricular action potentials is a promising tool for noninvasively delineating the extent and location of chronic @entity583 . Further validation on a larger data set with detailed gold-standard data is needed to confirm observations reported in this study.

title: Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging of chronic XXXX scar.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct scar']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI scar', 'MI', 'Myocardial infarction (MI) scar']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Conventional high-grade @entity421 is the most common primary @entity79 , with relatively high incidence in young @entity1 . In this study we found that expression of @entity71665 correlates inversely with @entity3 -free survival in @entity421 @entity1 and is increased in @entity3 compared to primary @entity5 . @entity71665 is an adaptor protein that has been implicated in anti-apoptotic signalling and serves as an oncoprotein in @entity981 . In @entity421 cells, silencing @entity71665 triggered G2 cell-cycle arrest; @entity23902 protein levels were attenuated and @entity15126 - @entity23902 DNA damage response signalling in response to chemotherapy was abolished in @entity71665 -depleted @entity421 cells, while ATM, @entity9516 and @entity876 activation remained intact. @entity421 is notoriously difficult to treat with standard chemotherapy, and we examined whether pharmacological inhibition of the @entity71665 -controlled @entity15126 - @entity23902 response could sensitize @entity421 cells to genotoxic compounds. Indeed, pharmacological inhibitors targeting @entity23902 / @entity9516 or those selective for @entity23902 synergized with standard chemotherapy in 2D cultures. Likewise, in 3D extracellular matrix-embedded cultures, @entity23902 inhibition led to effective sensitization to chemotherapy. Together, these findings implicate @entity71665 in @entity15126 - @entity23902 signalling and point towards @entity23902 inhibition as a strategy to sensitize @entity1 @entity421 to chemotherapy. Copyright    2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: @entity71665 -mediated checkpoint kinase control regulates proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'Osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['conventional osteosarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Conventional high-grade @entity421 is the most common primary @entity79 , with relatively high incidence in young @entity1 . In this study we found that expression of @entity71665 correlates inversely with @entity3 -free survival in @entity421 @entity1 and is increased in @entity3 compared to primary @entity5 . @entity71665 is an adaptor protein that has been implicated in anti-apoptotic signalling and serves as an oncoprotein in @entity981 . In @entity421 cells, silencing @entity71665 triggered G2 cell-cycle arrest; @entity23902 protein levels were attenuated and @entity15126 - @entity23902 DNA damage response signalling in response to chemotherapy was abolished in @entity71665 -depleted @entity421 cells, while ATM, @entity9516 and @entity876 activation remained intact. @entity421 is notoriously difficult to treat with standard chemotherapy, and we examined whether pharmacological inhibition of the @entity71665 -controlled @entity15126 - @entity23902 response could sensitize @entity421 cells to genotoxic compounds. Indeed, pharmacological inhibitors targeting @entity23902 / @entity9516 or those selective for @entity23902 synergized with standard chemotherapy in 2D cultures. Likewise, in 3D extracellular matrix-embedded cultures, @entity23902 inhibition led to effective sensitization to chemotherapy. Together, these findings implicate @entity71665 in @entity15126 - @entity23902 signalling and point towards @entity23902 inhibition as a strategy to sensitize @entity1 @entity421 to chemotherapy. Copyright    2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: XXXX -mediated checkpoint kinase control regulates proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy in @entity421 .

answer: @entity71665 :: (57099,Gene) :: ['Aven']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is an increasing body of evidence that drainage of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) improves functional neurological outcome after reperfusion injury to the spinal cord that occasionally follows aortic reconstructive surgery. This beneficial effect is considered owing to lowering of the CSF pressure thereby normalising spinal cord blood flow and reducing the 'secondary' @entity1566 caused by vascular congestion and @entity4 in the relatively confined spinal canal. Whilst lacking definitive proof, there are convincing randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort data and systematic reviews supporting this intervention. The therapeutic window for lumbar CSF drainage requires further elucidation; however, it appears to be days rather than hours post insult. We contend that the same benefit is likely to be achieved following other primary @entity1566 that cause @entity4 and elicit the 'secondary' injury. Traditionally the concept of CSF drainage has been considered more applicable to the brain as contained in a 'closed box' by lowering intracranial pressure (ICP) to improve cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). The control of CPP is intended to limit 'secondary' @entity1545 and is a key concept of @entity1545 management. Using microdialysis in the spinal cords of @entity130 @entity1 , it has been shown that intraspinal pressure (ISP) needs to be kept below 20 mmHg and spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP) above 70 mmHg to avoid biochemical evidence of secondary @entity602 . Vasopressor have also been used in @entity1566 to improve perfusion, however complications are common, typically cardiac in nature, and require very careful monitoring; the evidence supporting this approach is notably less convincing. @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) of the spinal cord is treated with recompression, hyperbaric @entity26 , various medications designed to reduce the inflammatory response and fluid administration to normalise blood pressure and haematocrit. These management protocols are based largely on anecdote and transferred evidence from conventional cord @entity130 , as the low numbers and sporadic nature of @entity5663 in divers makes RCTs nigh on impossible. Unfortunately even with best management, some @entity1 are left with significant @entity51 . The 'iceberg phenomenon', occurs when @entity1 with @entity5663 of the cord make a good neurological recovery but actually have profound @entity602 as revealed in one case some four years later at post mortem and another example in a diver who developed late functional deterioration due to loss of neuronal reserve. This clinical evidence, together with animal study data, support the notion that even a modest preservation of spinal cord axons is associated with significant improvement in neurological outcome. In the light of the positive level two evidence in the vascular literature that CSF drainage limits 'secondary' injury thereby improving neurological outcome, we propose that centres with appropriate clinical experience consider using lumbar CSF drainage to normalise SCPP, as an adjunct to the conventional treatment of severe spinal cord @entity5663 . Divers with severe spinal cord @entity5663 are generally in the most productive years of their lives and, given the potentially devastating impact of this condition, should be given the benefit of any possible adjuvant treatment that may serve to improve long-term outcome.

title: Management of severe XXXX following hyperbaric exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cord swelling']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord damage']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['Decompression illness', 'DCI']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury', 'cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No known biologic mechanisms link tissue injury with @entity55 ( @entity55 ). Neutrophils (PMNs) are innate immune cells that clear bacteria from the lung by migration toward chemoattractants and killing bacteria in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We predicted that tissue injury would suppress PMN antimicrobial function in the lung. We have also shown that mitochondria-derived damage-associated molecular pattern molecules from the bone can alter PMN phenotype and so hypothesized that @entity435 peptides (FPs) from @entity174 predispose to @entity55 by suppressing PMN activity in the lung. METHODS: Animal studies involved the following. (1) @entity35 were divided into three groups (10 per condition) as follows: (a) saline injection in the thigh (b) @entity794 (SA, 3 * 10) injected intratracheally, or (c) pseudofracture (PsFx; bone supernatant injected in the thigh) plus intratracheally injected SA. (2) @entity35 were divided into four groups as follows: (a) control, (b) @entity358 ( @entity358 ), (c) PsFx, and (d) @entity358 + PsFx. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 16 hours later. Clinical studies involved the following. (3) @entity1 bone supernatant was assayed for its @entity5038 ( @entity5038 ) stimulation. (4) @entity130 @entity1 ' PMN (n = 32; mean    SE Injury Severity Score [ISS], 27    10) were assayed for @entity6722 ( @entity6722 ) or treated with @entity1359 ( @entity4515 , @entity4621 ) and analyzed for NET formation. RESULTS: In the animal studies, (1) SA was rapidly cleared by the uninjured @entity19 and PsFx markedly suppressed lung bacterial clearance (p < 0.01). (2a) @entity358 induces PMN traffic to the lung, but PsFx decreases @entity358 -induced PMN traffic (p < 0.01). (2b) SA increased bronchoalveolar lavage PMN, and PsFx decreased that influx (p < 0.01). In the clinical studies, (3) bone supernatant activates PMN both via @entity5038 and @entity51758 . (4) @entity130 decreases PMN @entity6722 to multiple chemokines. Circulating PMNs show NETs spontaneously after @entity130 , but maximal NET formation is markedly attenuated. CONCLUSION: @entity174 may decrease lung bacterial clearance because FP suppresses PMN @entity6722 to other chemoattractants via @entity71666 . @entity130 activates NETosis but suppresses maximal NETosis. @entity174 decrease lung bacterial clearance by multiple mechanisms. @entity55 after @entity174 may reflect damage-associated molecular pattern-mediated suppression of PMN antimicrobial function in the lung.

title: Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns from XXXX suppress pulmonary immune responses via formyl peptide receptors 1 and 2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['CTX', 'chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['PNA', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary contusion', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity435 :: ('CHEBI:42485', 'Chemical') :: ['formyl']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Specific @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) classification using surface ECG is considered a challenging task, since the atrial electrical activity (AEA) waves, which are a crucial element for obtaining diagnosis, are frequently hidden. In this paper we present a fully automated @entity4710 classification method that embeds our recently developed hidden AEA detector in a clinically based tree scheme. The process begins with initial noise removal and QRS detection. Then, ventricular features are extracted. According to these features, an initial AEA-wave search window is defined and a single AEA-wave is detected. Using a synthetic Gaussian signal and a linear combination of 12-lead ECG signals, all AEA-waves are detected. In accord with the atrial and ventricular information found, classification to @entity955 , @entity956 , @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ), @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ), or sinus rhythm is performed in the framework of a clinically oriented decision tree. A study was performed to evaluate the classification from 68 @entity1 (26 were used for the classifier's design, 42 were used for its validation). Average sensitivity of 83.21% [95% confidence interval (CI): 79.33-86.49%], average specificity of 95.80% (95% CI: 94.73-96.67%), and average accuracy of 93.29% (95% CI: 92.13-94.28%) were achieved compared to the definite diagnosis. In conclusion, the presented method may serve as a valuable decision support tool, allowing accurate detection of SVTs using noninvasive means.

title: XXXX Classification in the 12-Lead ECG using Atrial Waves Detection and a Clinically Based Tree Scheme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular reentry tachycardia', 'AVRT', 'AVNRT', 'atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['Supraventricular Tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy of surgical treatment of intra-articular knee @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). METHODS: Between 1998 and 2010, 8 @entity1 (mean age: 12.3 y) underwent surgical resection of their @entity1462 (7 venous and 1 capillary venous) involving the knee joint. The lesion was diffuse in 6 cases and well-demarcated in 2 cases. All @entity1 were suffering from knee @entity158 and had recurrent @entity5631 . Color-Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan, and blood test were performed preoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative physical examination, clinical symptoms, and orthopaedic evaluation were retrospectively reviewed. Surgery consisted in arthrotomy with total excision of the @entity1462 for the 2 well-demarcated lesions and synovectomy with squeezing of the surrounding @entity1462 for 5 @entity66 . One @entity1 with an extensive @entity1211 associated with severe @entity1003 and mild @entity447 had undergone synovectomy by knee arthroscopy. RESULTS: Immediate postoperative follow-up was uneventful in 6 @entity1 , whereas 2 @entity1 with @entity1462 and @entity1003 suffered from postoperative @entity5631 , delaying their rehabilitation. After a mean follow-up of 5.1 years, persistence of the @entity1211 within the joint was observed in the 6 initially @entity66 . The 2 well-demarcated lesions showed no evidence of disease at latest follow-up. Four @entity1 with preoperative @entity73 were not substantially improved regarding their range of knee motion at latest follow-up, whereas the 4 others were free of symptoms. Only 1 @entity1 presented a recurrent @entity5631 after a 5-year-symptom-free period and had to be reoperated. @entity1 without preoperative chondropathy recovered normal knee function mobility. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study highlights the importance of early surgery in @entity1 with intra-articular @entity1211 , even if asymptomatic, to prevent @entity73 . For well-demarcated lesions, total resection by arthrotomy can provide definitive healing without resuming of symptoms. Although @entity66 treated by synovectomy still persist in the joint, treatment avoids recurrence of @entity5631 and, therefore, protects the cartilage from further erosion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV cases series.

title: Surgical Treatment of Intra-articular Knee XXXX : When and How?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lesions']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['joint impairment', 'chondropathy and functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy', 'localized intravascular coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VM', 'venous malformation', 'venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity5631 :: ('MESH:D006395', 'Disease') :: ['hemarthroses']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse vascular malformation', 'vascular malformation']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous Malformations']


abstract: A total of 38 cases of @entity1 @entity3993 were diagnosed by histopathological examination within a period of 10 years in JIPMER Hospital which serves the population of Pondicherry and adjoining regions of South India. Analysis of our cases showed that there was no sex predilection and 34 of the 38 cases were within the first three decades of life. A curious yet striking feature was that in 37 of the 38 cases the lesions were localized above the level of the umbilicus. Lesions of the subcutaneous tissue formed the largest group with 18 cases. Seventeen of the 38 cases were confined to the eyes, forming the largest series to be reported from India. In six cases there was evidence of brain involvement with postmortem confirmation in three. The JIPMER Hospital records showed a high incidence of @entity302 in this region with a ratio of one out of every four @entity1 attending the neurology clinic. As @entity6583 is a known cause of @entity410 , it is suggested that many cases of @entity302 may in fact be due to @entity6583 . The majority of our @entity1 were drawn from the rural population. We analysed the social customs and related factors which are peculiar to this region and were indirectly responsible for the high incidence of @entity3993 .

title: XXXX in South India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity3993 :: ('MESH:D003551', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform convulsions']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity3993 :: (MESH:D003551,Disease) :: ['Cysticercosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined the complications in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity2335 in daily clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 82 @entity1 who were suspected of having @entity2335 at our hospital from March 2002 to April 2013. All hydrodistention procedures were performed with the aid of an anesthesiologist, as recommended by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare since April 2010. RESULTS: Of the 82, 20 @entity1 were male and 62 were female, (mean age at diagnosis 53 years.) Six of the suspected cases did not have @entity2335 . Of the 67 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2335 during hydrodistention, 29 (43%) did not experience @entity158 . The time taken to diagnose these asymptomatic @entity1 was longer than that taken for those who experienced @entity158 . Twenty-eight @entity1 (42%) discontinued treatment because it was ineffective. CONCLUSION: @entity2335 has been widely recognized, but general physicians are unable to provide a diagnosis and suggest aggressive treatment because of difficulty associated in the treatment and diagnosis. To resolve these issues, physicians should be keep in mind that @entity2335 involves a @entity1494 , and that some @entity1 may not experience @entity158 . Further, knowledge about @entity1066 is essential. We believe that the most important points are improving health insurance about facility criteria of hydrodistention, and evaluating behavioral modification and dietary manipulation.

title: [ XXXX in urology clinic: current status and problems].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitive bladder']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ["Hunner's ulcer"]

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial cystitis', 'interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['Interstitial cystitis']


abstract: In order to determine the value of CT in detecting @entity409 , 57 autopsied cases (48 cases of @entity1893 and 9 of @entity978 ) were analyzed in detail. Additionally, 90 recent cases of abdominal CT with liver study in the initial staging were reviewed and 6 cases in which the liver had been examined within 2 weeks before autopsy were compared for macroscopic and pathologic findings. The following results were obtained. Autopsy findings in 57 cases of @entity706 . (1) Hepatic involvement was demonstrated in 56% of the @entity1 with @entity1893 and in 67% of those with @entity978 . Of these @entity1 with hepatic involvement, intrahepatic nodular lesions over 1.0 cm in diameter were macroscopically identified in 22% of the cases of @entity1893 and 33% of those with @entity978 . @entity1669 were seen in many organs in the cases of hepatic involvement. CT examinations of 90 cases for the initial staging showed no significant @entity409 or spleen. Of the 6 cases in which the liver was examined by CT within about 2 weeks before autopsy, @entity1669 was pathologically diagnosed in 5. Of these, only one having multiple nodules larger than the tip of a thumb was correctly diagnosed by CT. Hepatic involvement of @entity706 was thought to be the end stage, and minimal or early disease was detected in the region of Glisson's capsule. The above findings indicate that early hepatic involvement is not likely to be detected by CT at the present time.

title: [CT and pathologic studies on detecting hepatic involvement of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphomatous involvements', 'lymphomatous involvement']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatous involvement of the liver', 'abnormality in the liver']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: Mathematical modeling of @entity683 is important for analyzing the main cause of the @entity3082 and finding effective interventions towards it. The @entity3082 is a dynamic process. In this process, daily @entity281 are caused by @entity1 's contacts, and the frequency of contacts can be mainly influenced by their cognition to the disease. The cognition is in turn influenced by daily @entity221 attack rate, climate, and other environment factors. Few existing methods considered the dynamic process in their models. Therefore, their prediction results can hardly be explained by the mechanisms of @entity3082 spreading. In this paper, we developed a heterogeneous graph modeling approach (HGM) to describe the dynamic process of @entity683 virus transmission by taking advantage of our unique clinical data. We built social network of studied region and embedded an Agent-Based Model (ABM) in the HGM to describe the dynamic change of an @entity3082 . Our simulations have a good agreement with clinical data. Parameter sensitivity analysis showed that temperature influences the dynamic of @entity3082 significantly and system behavior analysis showed social network degree is a critical factor determining the size of an @entity3082 . Finally, multiple scenarios for vaccination and school closure strategies were simulated and their performance was analyzed.

title: Multi-scale modeling for the transmission of XXXX and the evaluation of interventions toward it.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza epidemic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Interactions of several muscarinic drugs with their receptors were studied in the ciliary body smooth muscles of the @entity95 . The ciliary body smooth muscles responded to @entity5402 , a muscarinic full agonist, with concentration-dependent contractions, and the pD2 value of @entity5402 was 5.16 +/- 0.05. @entity3897 , a competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, produced a parallel shift to the right in the concentration-response curves for @entity5402 . @entity2134 which is a well-known partial agonist on muscarinic receptors in most smooth muscles did not cause any contraction in this tissue. The drug, however, behaved as a competitive antagonist on the muscarinic receptors in the ciliary body smooth muscles. The pA2 values of @entity3897 and @entity2134 versus @entity5402 obtained from the Schild plot are 8.97 +/- 0.25 and 5.17 +/- 0.09, respectively. On the other hand, @entity6327 and @entity5592 acted as a partial agonist in this tissue. The intrinsic activity, and pD2 and pA2 values were 0.41 +/- 0.02, 4.93 +/- 0.05 and 5.32 +/- 0.05 for @entity6327 respectively, and were 0.26 +/- 0.02, 5.64 +/- 0.08 and 6.12 +/- 0.16 for @entity5592 , respectively. The pA2 values of these drugs were significantly larger than the corresponding pD2 values of the drugs. The values of the negative log molar dissociation constant of @entity5402 , @entity6327 and @entity5592 estimated by the method of partial irreversible blockade of spare receptors with 3 X 10(-6) M @entity5333 were 4.53 +/- 0.08, 5.20 +/- 0.09 and 6.02 +/- 0.06, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the XXXX ciliary body smooth muscle: spare receptors and threshold phenomenon.

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['Pilocarpine', 'pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity5592 :: ('MESH:D010095', 'Chemical') :: ['oxotremorine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity6327 :: ('MESH:D001115', 'Chemical') :: ['arecoline']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This work presents a systematic study on the host-guest interactions between the macrocyclic host molecule cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and @entity1522 ( @entity4556 ) including three basic @entity4556 (Lys, @entity534 , and His) and three aromatic @entity4556 ( @entity815 , Tyr, and Trp) to elucidate the origin of the high selectivity of CB[7] toward AA residues in proteins. Complex formation between CB[7] and each AA was examined in solution (by isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR) as well as in the gas phase (by ion mobility mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation), and the results were further combined with computational investigations. Generally, the aromatic @entity4556 show higher binding affinities than the basic @entity4556 in buffer solutions with various pH values. On the contrary, the gas-phase stabilities of the basic AA complex ions are higher than those of the aromatic AA complex ions, suggesting that the direct ion-dipole interactions between the charged side chains of the basic @entity4556 and the polar @entity6738 groups of CB[7] predominate in the absence of water. The ion-dipole interactions are less significant in water, since the original interactions of the guests with water are lost upon complex formation. In contrast, the transfer of the hydrophobic groups from the bulk into the hydrophobic CB[7] cavity suffers less from the desolvation penalty, resulting in higher binding affinities in water. Therefore, initial guest solvation is another key factor which should be considered when designing high-affinity host-guest systems, in addition to the contribution from the release of high-energy water molecules from the CB[7] cavity (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 15318-15323).

title: Deciphering the Specific High-Affinity Binding of Cucurbit[7]uril to XXXX in Water.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['Amino Acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1007 is a major risk factor for @entity453 ( @entity453 ). As @entity21129 is an important regulating factor for intestinal @entity165 absorption and plasma @entity165 level, the aim of the present study is to assess the association between @entity1 @entity21129 gene polymorphism and @entity453 among Han and Uighur Chinese. METHODS: We have conducted two independent case-control studies in Han Chinese (384 @entity453 @entity1 and 433 controls) and Uighur Chinese (506 @entity453 @entity1 and 351 controls) subjects. All subjects were genotyped for four kinds of SNPs ( @entity71667 , @entity71668 , @entity71669 and @entity71670 ) and SNP is used as a genetic marker for @entity1 @entity21129 gene. Genotyping was undertaken using TaqMan SNP genotyping assay, and the subjects' ethnicity and gender were considered in the analysis. RESULTS: We found that @entity71668 was associated with @entity453 in the dominant model (CC vs CG   +   GG) for the total Han Chinese population (n   =   200) and Han Chinese males (n   =   115) (P   =   0.004 and P   =   0.001, respectively). The difference remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustment (total: OR   =   1.687, P   =   0.004; male: OR   =   1.498, P   =   0.006). Further, for the total (n   =   817) and male (n   =   490) Han Chinese, the frequency of the haplotype (T-C-T-C) was significantly higher in the @entity453 @entity1 than in the controls (P   =   0.004 and P   =   0.002), and the frequency of the haplotype (G-G-T-C) was significantly lower in the @entity453 @entity1 than in the control subjects (P   =   0.013, P   =   0.007). In addition, for the total (n   =   857) and male (n   =   582) Uighur Chinese, we observed that @entity71667 was associated with @entity453 in an additive and recessive model (P   =   0.021 and P   =   0.009; P   =   0.048 and P   =   0.034). However, the difference did not remain statistically significant after multivariate adjustment. The overall distribution of @entity71668 , @entity71669 and @entity71670 genotypes, alleles and the frequency of the haplotype established by four SNPs showed no significant difference between @entity453 @entity1 and control subjects in the total, male and female Uighur Chinese. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that CC genotype of @entity71668 and T-C-T-C haplotypes in @entity21129 gene is a possible risk genetic marker and G allele and G-G-T-C haplotypes is a possible protective genetic marker for @entity453 in male Han Chinese.

title: The association of @entity165 absorption gene XXXX polymorphism with Coronary Artery Disease among Han Chinese and Uighur Chinese in Xinjiang, China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity21129 :: (8650,Gene) :: ['Numb']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1007 is a major risk factor for @entity453 ( @entity453 ). As @entity21129 is an important regulating factor for intestinal @entity165 absorption and plasma @entity165 level, the aim of the present study is to assess the association between @entity1 @entity21129 gene polymorphism and @entity453 among Han and Uighur Chinese. METHODS: We have conducted two independent case-control studies in Han Chinese (384 @entity453 @entity1 and 433 controls) and Uighur Chinese (506 @entity453 @entity1 and 351 controls) subjects. All subjects were genotyped for four kinds of SNPs ( @entity71667 , @entity71668 , @entity71669 and @entity71670 ) and SNP is used as a genetic marker for @entity1 @entity21129 gene. Genotyping was undertaken using TaqMan SNP genotyping assay, and the subjects' ethnicity and gender were considered in the analysis. RESULTS: We found that @entity71668 was associated with @entity453 in the dominant model (CC vs CG   +   GG) for the total Han Chinese population (n   =   200) and Han Chinese males (n   =   115) (P   =   0.004 and P   =   0.001, respectively). The difference remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustment (total: OR   =   1.687, P   =   0.004; male: OR   =   1.498, P   =   0.006). Further, for the total (n   =   817) and male (n   =   490) Han Chinese, the frequency of the haplotype (T-C-T-C) was significantly higher in the @entity453 @entity1 than in the controls (P   =   0.004 and P   =   0.002), and the frequency of the haplotype (G-G-T-C) was significantly lower in the @entity453 @entity1 than in the control subjects (P   =   0.013, P   =   0.007). In addition, for the total (n   =   857) and male (n   =   582) Uighur Chinese, we observed that @entity71667 was associated with @entity453 in an additive and recessive model (P   =   0.021 and P   =   0.009; P   =   0.048 and P   =   0.034). However, the difference did not remain statistically significant after multivariate adjustment. The overall distribution of @entity71668 , @entity71669 and @entity71670 genotypes, alleles and the frequency of the haplotype established by four SNPs showed no significant difference between @entity453 @entity1 and control subjects in the total, male and female Uighur Chinese. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that CC genotype of @entity71668 and T-C-T-C haplotypes in @entity21129 gene is a possible risk genetic marker and G allele and G-G-T-C haplotypes is a possible protective genetic marker for @entity453 in male Han Chinese.

title: The association of XXXX absorption gene @entity21129 polymorphism with Coronary Artery Disease among Han Chinese and Uighur Chinese in Xinjiang, China.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Powdered @entity291 uteri were lyophilized and sealed in a vacuum. The effects of lyophilization and the thermostability of the binding activity of uterine @entity134 hormone receptors were studied. The lyophilized powder was analyzed for its ability to bind @entity172 , progestin, @entity342 , and glucocorticoid @entity230 . Lyophilization had no deleterious effects on the binding activity. Storage of the lyophilized powder at +20 C for more than 14 days did not reduce the binding activity. No reduction of the binding capacity was also observed when the storage temperature was at +30 C for 16 hours. However, a slight loss of specific binding sites was observed for @entity53 (-12%) at the storage temperature of +40 C, but the other @entity134 binding proteins were more stable. When the storage temperature was at +60 C for 16 hours, a loss of about 24% was observed for the specific @entity172 binding sites, whereas the binding capacity of progestin, @entity342 , and glucocorticoid receptors was reduced by only less than 10%. Storage at the high temperature of +80 C for 16 hours resulted in a loss of only 36% for the @entity172 binding capacity and less than 30% loss for the other binding proteins. The freeze-dried uterine powders can be useful quality control specimens for @entity134 receptor assays.

title: Investigation on the thermostability of XXXX hormone receptors in lyophilized @entity291 uterine tissue powder.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Powdered @entity291 uteri were lyophilized and sealed in a vacuum. The effects of lyophilization and the thermostability of the binding activity of uterine @entity134 hormone receptors were studied. The lyophilized powder was analyzed for its ability to bind @entity172 , progestin, @entity342 , and glucocorticoid @entity230 . Lyophilization had no deleterious effects on the binding activity. Storage of the lyophilized powder at +20 C for more than 14 days did not reduce the binding activity. No reduction of the binding capacity was also observed when the storage temperature was at +30 C for 16 hours. However, a slight loss of specific binding sites was observed for @entity53 (-12%) at the storage temperature of +40 C, but the other @entity134 binding proteins were more stable. When the storage temperature was at +60 C for 16 hours, a loss of about 24% was observed for the specific @entity172 binding sites, whereas the binding capacity of progestin, @entity342 , and glucocorticoid receptors was reduced by only less than 10%. Storage at the high temperature of +80 C for 16 hours resulted in a loss of only 36% for the @entity172 binding capacity and less than 30% loss for the other binding proteins. The freeze-dried uterine powders can be useful quality control specimens for @entity134 receptor assays.

title: Investigation on the thermostability of @entity134 hormone receptors in lyophilized XXXX uterine tissue powder.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity370 is a granulomatous @entity32 of unknown etiology. The increased frequency of activated lung CD4+ T cells with a @entity1198 cytokine profile in @entity370 @entity1 is accompanied by a reduced proportion and/or impaired function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here we evaluated the expression of the inducible co-stimulator ( @entity12448 ) on lung and blood CD4+ T cell subsets in @entity370 @entity1 with different prognosis, by flow cytometry. Samples from the deep airways were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We show that Tregs from the inflamed lung of @entity370 @entity1 were characterized by a unique @entity12448 (high) phenotype. High-level @entity12448 expression was restricted to Tregs from the inflamed lung and was absent in blood Tregs of @entity370 @entity1 as well as in lung and blood Tregs of healthy volunteers. In addition, lung Tregs exhibited increased @entity12448 expression compared to sarcoid-specific lung effector T cells. Strikingly, @entity12448 expression on Tregs was in particularly high in the lungs of @entity244 ( @entity244 ) @entity1 who present with @entity697 which often resolves spontaneously. Moreover, blood monocytes from @entity244 @entity1 revealed increased @entity16725 levels compared to healthy donors. @entity370 was associated with a shift towards a non-classical monocyte phenotype and the @entity16725 (high) phenotype was restricted to this particular monocyte subset. We propose a potential implication of the @entity12448 / @entity16725 immune-regulatory axis in disease activity and resolution and suggest to further evaluate the suitability of @entity12448 as biomarker for the prognosis of @entity370 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Pulmonary sarcoidosis is associated with high-level XXXX expression on lung regulatory T cells - possible implications for the @entity12448 / @entity16725 axis in disease course and resolution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ['LS', "L  fgren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity12448 :: (29851,Gene) :: ['ICOS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity370 is a granulomatous @entity32 of unknown etiology. The increased frequency of activated lung CD4+ T cells with a @entity1198 cytokine profile in @entity370 @entity1 is accompanied by a reduced proportion and/or impaired function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here we evaluated the expression of the inducible co-stimulator ( @entity12448 ) on lung and blood CD4+ T cell subsets in @entity370 @entity1 with different prognosis, by flow cytometry. Samples from the deep airways were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We show that Tregs from the inflamed lung of @entity370 @entity1 were characterized by a unique @entity12448 (high) phenotype. High-level @entity12448 expression was restricted to Tregs from the inflamed lung and was absent in blood Tregs of @entity370 @entity1 as well as in lung and blood Tregs of healthy volunteers. In addition, lung Tregs exhibited increased @entity12448 expression compared to sarcoid-specific lung effector T cells. Strikingly, @entity12448 expression on Tregs was in particularly high in the lungs of @entity244 ( @entity244 ) @entity1 who present with @entity697 which often resolves spontaneously. Moreover, blood monocytes from @entity244 @entity1 revealed increased @entity16725 levels compared to healthy donors. @entity370 was associated with a shift towards a non-classical monocyte phenotype and the @entity16725 (high) phenotype was restricted to this particular monocyte subset. We propose a potential implication of the @entity12448 / @entity16725 immune-regulatory axis in disease activity and resolution and suggest to further evaluate the suitability of @entity12448 as biomarker for the prognosis of @entity370 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Pulmonary sarcoidosis is associated with high-level @entity12448 expression on lung regulatory T cells - possible implications for the XXXX / @entity16725 axis in disease course and resolution.

answer: @entity12448 :: (29851,Gene) :: ['ICOS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity370 is a granulomatous @entity32 of unknown etiology. The increased frequency of activated lung CD4+ T cells with a @entity1198 cytokine profile in @entity370 @entity1 is accompanied by a reduced proportion and/or impaired function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here we evaluated the expression of the inducible co-stimulator ( @entity12448 ) on lung and blood CD4+ T cell subsets in @entity370 @entity1 with different prognosis, by flow cytometry. Samples from the deep airways were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We show that Tregs from the inflamed lung of @entity370 @entity1 were characterized by a unique @entity12448 (high) phenotype. High-level @entity12448 expression was restricted to Tregs from the inflamed lung and was absent in blood Tregs of @entity370 @entity1 as well as in lung and blood Tregs of healthy volunteers. In addition, lung Tregs exhibited increased @entity12448 expression compared to sarcoid-specific lung effector T cells. Strikingly, @entity12448 expression on Tregs was in particularly high in the lungs of @entity244 ( @entity244 ) @entity1 who present with @entity697 which often resolves spontaneously. Moreover, blood monocytes from @entity244 @entity1 revealed increased @entity16725 levels compared to healthy donors. @entity370 was associated with a shift towards a non-classical monocyte phenotype and the @entity16725 (high) phenotype was restricted to this particular monocyte subset. We propose a potential implication of the @entity12448 / @entity16725 immune-regulatory axis in disease activity and resolution and suggest to further evaluate the suitability of @entity12448 as biomarker for the prognosis of @entity370 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Pulmonary sarcoidosis is associated with high-level @entity12448 expression on lung regulatory T cells - possible implications for the @entity12448 / XXXX axis in disease course and resolution.

answer: @entity16725 :: (23308,Gene) :: ['ICOS-L']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The apicomplexan parasite @entity3204 is cosmopolitan in nature, largely as a result of its highly flexible life cycle. Felids are its only definitive hosts and a wide range of mammals and birds serve as intermediate hosts. The latent bradyzoite stage is orally infectious in all warm-blooded vertebrates and establishes chronic, transmissible @entity281 . When bradyzoites are ingested by felids, they transform into merozoites in enterocytes and expand asexually as part of their coccidian life cycle. In all other intermediate hosts, however, bradyzoites differentiate exclusively to tachyzoites, and disseminate extraintestinally to many cell types. Both merozoites and tachyzoites undergo rapid asexual population expansion, yet possess different effector fates with respect to the cells and tissues they develop in and the subsequent stages they differentiate into. RESULTS: To determine whether merozoites utilize distinct suites of genes to attach, invade, and replicate within feline enterocytes, we performed comparative transcriptional profiling on purified tachyzoites and merozoites. We used high-throughput RNA-Seq to compare the merozoite and tachyzoite transcriptomes. 8323 genes were annotated with sequence reads across the two asexually replicating stages of the parasite life cycle. Metabolism was similar between the two replicating stages. However, significant stage-specific expression differences were measured, with 312 transcripts exclusive to merozoites versus 453 exclusive to tachyzoites. Genes coding for 177 predicted secreted proteins and 64 membrane- associated proteins were annotated as merozoite-specific. The vast majority of known dense-granule (GRA), microneme (MIC), and rhoptry (ROP) genes were not expressed in merozoites. In contrast, a large set of @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) was expressed exclusively in merozoites. CONCLUSIONS: The distinct expression profiles of merozoites and tachyzoites reveal significant additional complexity within the @entity3204 life cycle, demonstrating that merozoites are distinct asexual dividing stages which are uniquely adapted to their niche and biological purpose.

title: Asexual expansion of XXXX merozoites is distinct from tachyzoites and entails expression of non-overlapping gene families to attach, invade, and replicate within feline enterocytes.

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['SRS', 'surface proteins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: Recently, Entamoeba polecki was identified for the first time in our parasitology laboratory in stool specimens from eight Southeast Asian refugees. This ameba has been reported infrequently in the Western world; most reported cases have been from the New Guinea region. In most previously described @entity1 and in our @entity1 , no @entity344 could be directly attributed to E. polecki @entity281 . Morphologically, E. polecki may mimic the pathogen @entity2330 and also nonpathogens such as @entity526 . These species are most readily distinguished by studying encysted forms. In contrast to @entity2330 and @entity526 , E. polecki characteristically has uninucleate cysts. Both @entity1707 and monkeys naturally harbor E. polecki, but four of the @entity1 in this series had no apparent contact with these animals. Other modes of @entity281 may be @entity1 -to- @entity1 transmission or acquisition from other domestic animals. Six of our eight @entity1 were treated successfully with one course of @entity868 in a regimen similar to that used for @entity2330 @entity281 . In the two other @entity1 , repeated courses of therapy eradicated the @entity281 . Because of the recent increase in number of Southeast Asian immigrants to the United States, E. polecki may be identified more frequently than in the past. Physicians and laboratory personnel should be familiar with this organism, because it may be confused with @entity2330 or may act as a pathogen.

title: Entamoeba polecki XXXX in Southeast Asian refugees: multiple cases of a rarely reported parasite.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['definite gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['E. histolytica']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preterm birth is associated with 5-18% of pregnancies and is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) @entity650 ( @entity650 ) is a key cytokine for the identification of @entity32 , and @entity1 with an elevated @entity6703 @entity650 are at risk for impending @entity3152 . However, results of the conventional method of measurement (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA) are usually not available in time to inform care. The objective of this study was to determine whether a point of care (POC) test or lateral-flow-based immunoassay for measurement of @entity6703 @entity650 concentrations can identify @entity1 with @entity32 and/or @entity281 and those destined to deliver spontaneously before term among @entity1 with @entity3152 and intact membranes. METHODS: One-hundred thirty-six @entity1 with singleton pregnancies who presented with symptoms of @entity3152 and underwent amniocentesis were included in this study. Amniocentesis was performed at the time of diagnosis of @entity3152 . @entity6703 Gram stain and @entity6703 white blood cell counts were determined. Microbial invasion of the @entity2907 (MIAC) was defined according to the results of @entity6703 culture (aerobic and anaerobic as well as @entity790 ). @entity6703 @entity650 concentrations were determined by both lateral flow-based immunoassay and ELISA. The primary outcome was @entity32 , defined as @entity6703 ELISA @entity650   >=    2600   pg/ml. RESULTS: (1) @entity6703 @entity650 concentrations determined by a POC test have high sensitivity (93%), specificity (91%) and a positive likelihood ratio of 10 for the identification of @entity32 by using a threshold of 745   pg/ml; (2) the POC test and ELISA for @entity650 perform similarly in the identification of MIAC, acute inflammatory lesions of placenta and @entity1 at risk of impending spontaneous @entity3152 . CONCLUSION: A POC @entity6703 @entity650 test can identify @entity32 in @entity1 who present with @entity3152 and intact membranes and those who will subsequently deliver spontaneously before 34 weeks of gestation. Results can be available within 20   min - this has important clinical implications and opens avenues for early diagnosis as well as treatment of @entity32 / @entity281 .

title: A rapid @entity650 bedside test for the identification of @entity32 in XXXX with intact membranes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intra-amniotic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2907 :: ('MESH:D000652', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic cavity']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['Amniotic fluid', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital mycoplasmas']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preterm birth is associated with 5-18% of pregnancies and is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) @entity650 ( @entity650 ) is a key cytokine for the identification of @entity32 , and @entity1 with an elevated @entity6703 @entity650 are at risk for impending @entity3152 . However, results of the conventional method of measurement (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA) are usually not available in time to inform care. The objective of this study was to determine whether a point of care (POC) test or lateral-flow-based immunoassay for measurement of @entity6703 @entity650 concentrations can identify @entity1 with @entity32 and/or @entity281 and those destined to deliver spontaneously before term among @entity1 with @entity3152 and intact membranes. METHODS: One-hundred thirty-six @entity1 with singleton pregnancies who presented with symptoms of @entity3152 and underwent amniocentesis were included in this study. Amniocentesis was performed at the time of diagnosis of @entity3152 . @entity6703 Gram stain and @entity6703 white blood cell counts were determined. Microbial invasion of the @entity2907 (MIAC) was defined according to the results of @entity6703 culture (aerobic and anaerobic as well as @entity790 ). @entity6703 @entity650 concentrations were determined by both lateral flow-based immunoassay and ELISA. The primary outcome was @entity32 , defined as @entity6703 ELISA @entity650   >=    2600   pg/ml. RESULTS: (1) @entity6703 @entity650 concentrations determined by a POC test have high sensitivity (93%), specificity (91%) and a positive likelihood ratio of 10 for the identification of @entity32 by using a threshold of 745   pg/ml; (2) the POC test and ELISA for @entity650 perform similarly in the identification of MIAC, acute inflammatory lesions of placenta and @entity1 at risk of impending spontaneous @entity3152 . CONCLUSION: A POC @entity6703 @entity650 test can identify @entity32 in @entity1 who present with @entity3152 and intact membranes and those who will subsequently deliver spontaneously before 34 weeks of gestation. Results can be available within 20   min - this has important clinical implications and opens avenues for early diagnosis as well as treatment of @entity32 / @entity281 .

title: A rapid XXXX bedside test for the identification of @entity32 in @entity3152 with intact membranes.

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preterm birth is associated with 5-18% of pregnancies and is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) @entity650 ( @entity650 ) is a key cytokine for the identification of @entity32 , and @entity1 with an elevated @entity6703 @entity650 are at risk for impending @entity3152 . However, results of the conventional method of measurement (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA) are usually not available in time to inform care. The objective of this study was to determine whether a point of care (POC) test or lateral-flow-based immunoassay for measurement of @entity6703 @entity650 concentrations can identify @entity1 with @entity32 and/or @entity281 and those destined to deliver spontaneously before term among @entity1 with @entity3152 and intact membranes. METHODS: One-hundred thirty-six @entity1 with singleton pregnancies who presented with symptoms of @entity3152 and underwent amniocentesis were included in this study. Amniocentesis was performed at the time of diagnosis of @entity3152 . @entity6703 Gram stain and @entity6703 white blood cell counts were determined. Microbial invasion of the @entity2907 (MIAC) was defined according to the results of @entity6703 culture (aerobic and anaerobic as well as @entity790 ). @entity6703 @entity650 concentrations were determined by both lateral flow-based immunoassay and ELISA. The primary outcome was @entity32 , defined as @entity6703 ELISA @entity650   >=    2600   pg/ml. RESULTS: (1) @entity6703 @entity650 concentrations determined by a POC test have high sensitivity (93%), specificity (91%) and a positive likelihood ratio of 10 for the identification of @entity32 by using a threshold of 745   pg/ml; (2) the POC test and ELISA for @entity650 perform similarly in the identification of MIAC, acute inflammatory lesions of placenta and @entity1 at risk of impending spontaneous @entity3152 . CONCLUSION: A POC @entity6703 @entity650 test can identify @entity32 in @entity1 who present with @entity3152 and intact membranes and those who will subsequently deliver spontaneously before 34 weeks of gestation. Results can be available within 20   min - this has important clinical implications and opens avenues for early diagnosis as well as treatment of @entity32 / @entity281 .

title: A rapid @entity650 bedside test for the identification of XXXX in @entity3152 with intact membranes.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['intra-amniotic inflammation']


abstract: @entity53 was applied ocularly to menstruating and postmenopausal @entity1 . The absorption by blood was measured. A rapid increase of both @entity53 and @entity1815 was seen with higher plasma levels in the menstruating group, possibly due to a better conjunctival circulation. Twenty-one @entity2608 were given @entity53 suspension or solution ocularly or nasally. The absorption by blood and cerebrospinal fluid was measured and compared to intravenous injection of 0.5 mg @entity53 . @entity53 increased in plasma after 1'. Maxima were reached at 15'. @entity53 solution gave higher plasma levels than @entity53 suspension. At 5' they amounted to the levels found after i.v. injection. The @entity53 levels in cerebrospinal fluid never exceeded the corresponding plasma levels and were generally low. The increase in cerebrospinal fluid was thought to be secondary to the raised plasma levels.

title: 17 beta-estradiol levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid after ocular and nasal administration in XXXX and female @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ).

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', '17 beta-estradiol', 'estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity53 was applied ocularly to menstruating and postmenopausal @entity1 . The absorption by blood was measured. A rapid increase of both @entity53 and @entity1815 was seen with higher plasma levels in the menstruating group, possibly due to a better conjunctival circulation. Twenty-one @entity2608 were given @entity53 suspension or solution ocularly or nasally. The absorption by blood and cerebrospinal fluid was measured and compared to intravenous injection of 0.5 mg @entity53 . @entity53 increased in plasma after 1'. Maxima were reached at 15'. @entity53 solution gave higher plasma levels than @entity53 suspension. At 5' they amounted to the levels found after i.v. injection. The @entity53 levels in cerebrospinal fluid never exceeded the corresponding plasma levels and were generally low. The increase in cerebrospinal fluid was thought to be secondary to the raised plasma levels.

title: 17 beta-estradiol levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid after ocular and nasal administration in @entity1 and female XXXX ( @entity2608 ).

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: @entity53 was applied ocularly to menstruating and postmenopausal @entity1 . The absorption by blood was measured. A rapid increase of both @entity53 and @entity1815 was seen with higher plasma levels in the menstruating group, possibly due to a better conjunctival circulation. Twenty-one @entity2608 were given @entity53 suspension or solution ocularly or nasally. The absorption by blood and cerebrospinal fluid was measured and compared to intravenous injection of 0.5 mg @entity53 . @entity53 increased in plasma after 1'. Maxima were reached at 15'. @entity53 solution gave higher plasma levels than @entity53 suspension. At 5' they amounted to the levels found after i.v. injection. The @entity53 levels in cerebrospinal fluid never exceeded the corresponding plasma levels and were generally low. The increase in cerebrospinal fluid was thought to be secondary to the raised plasma levels.

title: 17 beta-estradiol levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid after ocular and nasal administration in @entity1 and female @entity2608 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Macaca mulatta']


abstract: Between 1970 and 1978 467 @entity1893 were newly registered by the St. Gallen-Appenzell @entity5 registry. Among these 23 (4.9%) were primary @entity6595 . Among the necropsy material between 1970 and 1978 23 @entity1 (15.6%) were observed with secondary gastric involvement among 147 generalised @entity1893 . Among the 23 @entity1 whose @entity706 were investigated by use of gastric resection specimens 10 were in clinical stage IE at the time of operation, the other 13 were in stage IIE. Macroscopically there was an uncharacteristic picture of these @entity5 which were frequently localised in the antrum and ulcerated in most cases. Histologically 19 cases had diffusely growing malignancy. Four @entity5 showed nodular or follicular structures. Histiocytic and immunoblastic (n = 14 and 13, respectively) forms were the most frequently occurring @entity706 . The diagnosis of @entity706 in biopsy material could only be verified in 4 out of 12 @entity1 investigated preoperatively by gastroscopy. Histological typing of the @entity706 was not possible in most cases. When there is a suspicion of @entity706 macroparticle biopsies should be performed.

title: [Malignant XXXX of the stomach (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas', 'malignant lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple different pathological @entity6960 are frequently seen in @entity1 postmortem brains and hence mixed pathology is common. Mixed @entity303 on the other hand is less frequent and neuropathologically should only be diagnosed if criteria for more than one full blown disease are met. We quantitatively measured the amount of hyperphosphorylated microtubule associated tau ( @entity4306 -  ), amyloid-b protein (Ab) and @entity8095 ( @entity8095 ) in cases that were neuropathologically diagnosed as mixed @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and neocortical @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) but clinically presented either as @entity303 due to @entity195 or @entity1832 , the latter including @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) and @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Our study group consisted of 28 cases (mean age, 76.11 SE:   1.29 years; m:f, 17:11) of which 19 were neuropathologically diagnosed as mixed @entity195 / @entity1832 . Clinically, 8 mixed @entity195 / @entity1832 cases were diagnosed as @entity195 (cAD), 8 as @entity1832 (cDLB) and 3 as @entity191 (cPDD). In addition, we investigated cases that were both clinically and neuropathologically diagnosed as either @entity195 (pure @entity195 ; n  =  5) or @entity1832 /neocortical @entity1832 (pure @entity1832 ; n  =  4). Sections from neocortical, limbic and subcortical areas were stained with antibodies against @entity4306 -  , Ab and @entity8095 . The area covered by immunopositivity was measured using image analysis. cAD cases had higher @entity4306 -   loads than both cDLB and cPDD and the distribution of @entity4306 -   in cAD was similar to the one observed in pure @entity195 whilst cDLB showed comparatively less hippocampal @entity4306 -   load. cPDD cases showed lower @entity4306 -   and Ab loads and higher @entity8095 loads. Here, we show that in neuropathologically mixed @entity195 / @entity1832 cases both the amount and the topographical distribution of pathological @entity6960 differed between distinct clinical phenotypes. Large-scale clinicopathological correlative studies using a quantitative methodology are warranted to further elucidate the neuropathological correlate of clinical symptoms in cases with mixed pathology.

title: Neuropathologically mixed @entity195 : burden of pathological XXXX differs between clinical phenotypes.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease dementia", 'PDD']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy body disease', 'dementia with Lewy bodies', 'DLB', 'LBD']

entities_list: @entity6960 :: ('MESH:D001796', 'Disease') :: ['protein aggregates']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's  disease"]

answer: @entity6960 :: (MESH:D001796,Disease) :: ['protein aggregates']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple different pathological @entity6960 are frequently seen in @entity1 postmortem brains and hence mixed pathology is common. Mixed @entity303 on the other hand is less frequent and neuropathologically should only be diagnosed if criteria for more than one full blown disease are met. We quantitatively measured the amount of hyperphosphorylated microtubule associated tau ( @entity4306 -  ), amyloid-b protein (Ab) and @entity8095 ( @entity8095 ) in cases that were neuropathologically diagnosed as mixed @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and neocortical @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) but clinically presented either as @entity303 due to @entity195 or @entity1832 , the latter including @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) and @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Our study group consisted of 28 cases (mean age, 76.11 SE:   1.29 years; m:f, 17:11) of which 19 were neuropathologically diagnosed as mixed @entity195 / @entity1832 . Clinically, 8 mixed @entity195 / @entity1832 cases were diagnosed as @entity195 (cAD), 8 as @entity1832 (cDLB) and 3 as @entity191 (cPDD). In addition, we investigated cases that were both clinically and neuropathologically diagnosed as either @entity195 (pure @entity195 ; n  =  5) or @entity1832 /neocortical @entity1832 (pure @entity1832 ; n  =  4). Sections from neocortical, limbic and subcortical areas were stained with antibodies against @entity4306 -  , Ab and @entity8095 . The area covered by immunopositivity was measured using image analysis. cAD cases had higher @entity4306 -   loads than both cDLB and cPDD and the distribution of @entity4306 -   in cAD was similar to the one observed in pure @entity195 whilst cDLB showed comparatively less hippocampal @entity4306 -   load. cPDD cases showed lower @entity4306 -   and Ab loads and higher @entity8095 loads. Here, we show that in neuropathologically mixed @entity195 / @entity1832 cases both the amount and the topographical distribution of pathological @entity6960 differed between distinct clinical phenotypes. Large-scale clinicopathological correlative studies using a quantitative methodology are warranted to further elucidate the neuropathological correlate of clinical symptoms in cases with mixed pathology.

title: Neuropathologically mixed XXXX : burden of pathological @entity6960 differs between clinical phenotypes.

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's and Lewy body disease']


abstract: We started Diab @entity6 ater (DT), a program for medical staff, with a short drama and discussion with attendees in 2009. The program has two parts. One is a short drama enacting realistic scenes between medical staff and pati @entity1 ter that, facilitators prompt responses from the audience. The basic concept of the program is empowerment for pati @entity1 process of empowerment in terms of discovery and development of one's own life. Peop @entity1 empowered when they have sufficient knowledge to make rational decisions, sufficient control and resources to implement their decisions, and sufficient experience to evaluate the effectiveness of their decisions. We performed DT at the Annual Meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, Kumamoto. Thereafter, we researched the positive educational effects of the program by issuing a questionnaire; the results are presented herein, along with some of our views on the benefits of a drama program on pharmacist training and undergraduate education. The total number of respondents was 78 (M/F, 40/38). Hospital pharmacists comprised 38%; students 26%; academia 19%; community pharmacists 9%; and others 8%. In conclusion, DT was well accepted by attendances as a unique program to learn effective pati @entity1 munication skills and thereby achieve better pati @entity1 rmacist relations. Our findings suggest that DT might be an interesting approach to improve attitudes of pharmacists in diab @entity6 e with the aim of empowerment.

title: Evaluation of XXXX theater: results of questionnaire survey and discussion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'People']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']