abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess whether there was a significant difference in the complications of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) between out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) and @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) survivors using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospective registry data. We enrolled both OHCA and @entity1167 @entity1 who underwent successful CPR. We classified @entity764 secondary to chest compression into @entity174 , sternum @entity174 , and uncommon complications such as lung contusions and extrathoracic complications. We compared these complications according to CPR locations. We also analysed risk factors for CPR complications using multiple regression analysis and classification and regression tree analysis. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 148 @entity1 were included in the primary analysis. @entity174 were detected more in OHCA survivors than in @entity1167 survivors (74 @entity1 (83.2%) vs. 37 @entity1 (62.7%), p=0.05), and frequency of @entity174 was higher in OHCA survivors than @entity1167 survivors (69 @entity1 (77.5%) vs. 34 @entity1 (57.6%), p=0.01). Although other complications were not significantly different between the groups, there was a trend for OHCA survivors to sustain more serious and direct high-energy related complications. Older age, longer CPR, and OHCA were significantly associated with incidence of @entity174 , @entity174 , and number of @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity174 were more likely to occur in OHCA survivors, and serious complications tended to occur more often in OHCA compared to @entity1167 survivors.

title: Comparison of complications secondary to cardiopulmonary resuscitation between out-of-hospital @entity1167 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['in-hospital cardiac arrest']


abstract: Fifty @entity1 with @entity698 were treated consecutively by appendectomy followed by saline irrigation and loose wound closure. Drainage was not employed. @entity869 and @entity6101 were mixed and given intravenously. In 28 of 50 @entity1 , @entity869 powder was dusted into the wound. No intraperitoneal complications occurred. Seven would infections required incision. Dusting @entity869 powder into the wound reduced this complication to less than 10 per cent. Four @entity1 had nasogastric tubes. The usual hospital stay was three to eight days. The most common organisms cultured were @entity526 (68%), Streptococcus species (60%), and anaerobic species (48%). Eleven @entity1 were evaluated for synergism between @entity869 and @entity6101 . Eight showed some evidence of synergism in that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the combination was less than the MIC of the individual drugs.

title: XXXX in @entity1 : a different approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['gangrenous appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin', 'Ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['Gangrenous appendicitis']


abstract: Fifty @entity1 with @entity698 were treated consecutively by appendectomy followed by saline irrigation and loose wound closure. Drainage was not employed. @entity869 and @entity6101 were mixed and given intravenously. In 28 of 50 @entity1 , @entity869 powder was dusted into the wound. No intraperitoneal complications occurred. Seven would infections required incision. Dusting @entity869 powder into the wound reduced this complication to less than 10 per cent. Four @entity1 had nasogastric tubes. The usual hospital stay was three to eight days. The most common organisms cultured were @entity526 (68%), Streptococcus species (60%), and anaerobic species (48%). Eleven @entity1 were evaluated for synergism between @entity869 and @entity6101 . Eight showed some evidence of synergism in that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the combination was less than the MIC of the individual drugs.

title: @entity698 in XXXX : a different approach.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Very few studies describe the demographic and social profile of @entity302 in vulnerable low-income populations. METHODS: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study prospectively recording data from all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity302 who attended a specialist neurology consultation between January and March 2014. Data were analysed using descriptive epidemiology tools. RESULTS: A total of 107 @entity1 were evaluated, of whom 24.2% were illiterate and only 10.2% had completed a higher education programme. Most of the @entity1 (86.8%) had a low socioeconomic status; 73.8% were single and 76.7% were employed. The main risk factors for @entity302 in this population were recorded as follows: delayed psychomotor development (n=24, 22.4%), @entity542 (n=16, 14.9%), and @entity4767 (n=13, 12.1%). Most @entity1 (70.1%) responded to antiepileptic drugs (controlled cases) and 15.4% (n=15) had @entity302 (refractory cases). CONCLUSION: The demographic and clinical profiles of the @entity1 included in this study resemble those published for high-income populations; differences are mostly limited to aetiological classification and risk factors. The social profile of the @entity1 evaluated in this study shows high rates of unemployment, illiteracy, and single marital status. These findings seem to be more frequent and prevalent in this group than in high income populations.

title: Demographic and social profile of XXXX in a vulnerable low-income population in Bogot  , Colombia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system infection']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'drug-resistant epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stent retriever thrombectomy has recently been found to be effective for anterior circulation @entity64 , but its efficacy for basilar @entity432 (BAO) is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the available evidence for the use of stent retrievers for BAO. METHODS: Two independent reviewers searched six databases for studies reporting outcomes following endovascular treatment for BAO. RESULTS: A total of 17 articles (6 prospective and 11 retrospective) were included. The weighted mean age of @entity1 was 67   years (range 59-82) and 59% were male. Thrombolytic drugs were administered intravenously and intra-arterially in 46% (range 0-88%) and 38% (range 0-90%) of @entity1 , respectively. Weighted pooled estimates of successful recanalization (TICI 2b-3) and good outcome (modified Rankin Scale  <=2) were 80.0% (95% CI 70.7% to 88.0%; I(2)=80.28%; p<0.001) and 42.8% (95% CI 34.0% to 51.8%; I(2)=61.83%; p=0.002), respectively. Pooled mortality was 29.4% (95% CI 23.9% to 35.3%; I(2)=37.01%; p=0.087). Incidence of procedure-related complications and symptomatic @entity548 was 10.0% (95% CI 3.7% to 18.3%; I(2)=61.05%; p=0.017) and 6.8% (95% CI 3.5% to 10.8%; I(2)=37.99%; p=0.08), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Stent retriever thrombectomy achieves a high rate of recanalization and functional independence while being relatively safe for @entity1 with BAO. Future prospective studies with long-term follow-up are warranted.

title: Outcomes of endovascular treatment of basilar XXXX in the stent retriever era: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusion']


abstract: AIM: Laparoscopic colon and @entity5 surgery is oncologically equivalent to open resection, but the impact of conversion is undetermined. The aim of this study was to assess the oncological outcome and predictive factors associated with conversion. METHOD: A comprehensive search for published studies examining the associated factors and outcome of conversion from laparoscopic to open @entity14 resection was performed adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Only randomised control trials and prospective studies were included. Each study was reviewed and the data extracted. Random-effects methods were used to combine data. RESULTS: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria including 5,293 @entity1 . Of these 4,391 @entity1 had a completed laparoscopic resection and 902 were converted to an open resection. The average conversion rate of the studies was 17  9 +/- 10  1%. Meta-analysis showed completed laparoscopic surgery favoured lower 30 day mortality (OR:0  134, 95% CI 0  047-0  385, P<0  0001), lower long term disease recurrence (OR:0  634, 95% CI 0  421-0  701, p<0  023) and lower overall mortality (OR:0  512, 95% CI 0  417-0  629, P<0  0001). Factors negatively associated with completion of laparoscopic surgery were male gender (P=0  011), @entity5 (P=0  017), T3/T4 @entity5 (P=0  009) and node positive disease (P=0  009). Completed laparoscopic surgery was also associated with a lower BMI (mean difference -0  93 SI units, P=0  004). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that conversion from laparoscopic to open @entity14 resection is influenced by @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics and is associated with an adverse peri-operative outcome. Although confounding factors such as advanced @entity5 stage and elevated BMI are present, unsuccessful laparoscopic surgery appears to be associated with an adverse long term oncological outcome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A meta-analysis to determine the oncological implications of conversion in laparoscopic XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumour', 'rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Higher mortality rates have been reported for @entity1 admitted at a weekend compared to a weekday. Our aim was to assess in- @entity1 mortality patterns by day of the week, in a tertiary renal unit. METHOD AND RESULTS: Mortality related to day of admission and day of @entity204 was analysed over a two-year period at Glasgow Western Infirmary renal unit. Typical caseload was also assessed over two random four-week periods. As a proportion of admissions, 30-day mortality was 46/540 (8.5%) on a weekend day compared with a weekday 107/2013 (5.3%) ( @entity4736 .60, p   =   0.005). Thirty-day mortality rate was 46/208   =   0.22 @entity204 /weekend day of admission compared with 107/523   =   0.20 @entity204 /weekday of admission (incident rate ratio   =   1.08, p   =   0.67). There was no significant increased risk of @entity204 on a weekend day compared to a weekday ( @entity4736 .23, p   =   0.23). A higher proportion of weekend admissions were from other hospitals. @entity810 and haemodialysis @entity1 formed a higher percentage of admissions. CONCLUSION: Admission day mortality expressed as a @entity204 rate/day does not differ between weekend/weekday admissions. Admission day mortality expressed as a proportion of total admissions was significantly higher at weekends. This suggests admission case-mix/workload differs at weekends with fewer 'well' @entity1 admitted. In- @entity1 mortality patterns are complex and any conclusions made should take into account case mix and workload.

title: In- XXXX hospital mortality patterns by day of the week: an analysis of admissions to a regional renal unit.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity1576 after @entity130 is common, but the etiologic roles of high volume crystalloid resuscitation, @entity9427 , @entity130 , or @entity295 have not been specifically defined in @entity1 studies. We used the thermal-green dye double indicator dilution measurement of extravascular lung water (EVLW) to follow daily lung water changes in seven severly burned adult @entity1 , resuscitated with only crystalloid solutions. An average @entity1017 of 21.3 kg, a 30% increase (p < 0.001), was present two to three days after admission. Admission EVLW for all @entity1 was 7.9 +/- 1.2 ml/kg, (means +/- SD), and EVLW at the time of maximal @entity1017 was 5.9 +/- 1.4 ml/kg, a 25% decrease (p < 0.05). Admission pulmonary artery wedge pressure ( @entity58573 ) was 8 +/- 3 mmHG, which was not significantly different from @entity58573 of 13 +/- 4 mmHg at the time of maximal @entity1017 . In the three @entity1 who died of @entity295 , their terminal weight averaged 17.8 kg (27%) above their admitting weight (p < 0.01) and EVLW was 26.4 +/- 4.4 ml/kg, a 200% increase (p < 0.02) from admission. Their terminal @entity58573 averaged 22 +/- 2 mmHg, a 170% increase (p < 0.005). None of these @entity1 had an increase in EVLW until clinical signs of @entity295 occurred and the rise in EVLW preceded the rise in @entity58573 . Calculated mean plasma colloid osmotic pressure (PCOP) on admission was 20.7 +/- 4.9 mmHg; at the time of maximal @entity1017 , it was 8.6 +/- 1.7 mmHg (p < 0.001). The @entity58573 gradient fell to -4 +/- 4 mmHg (p < 0.001) at the time of maximal @entity1017 and remained less than +4 mmHg throughout the study period in all @entity1 . We conclude that massive crystalloid resuscitation while maintaining @entity58573 below 15 mmHg does not cause an increase in EVLW during the first four days after @entity130 . EVLW actually decreases slightly in all @entity1 despite marked @entity1017 , @entity9427 and a negative @entity58573 gradient. EVLW does not correlate with the @entity58573 gradient in either septic or nonseptic periods. Three @entity1 had severe @entity130 and normal EVLW for the first four postburn days. It therefore appears that significant @entity4 does not result from @entity130 . There is also no evidence that @entity130 causes an early increase in pulmonary capillary permeability. The occurrence of @entity295 , however, results in rapid accumulation of lung water, without any change in hydrostatic or osmotic forces. This study supports the primary role of @entity295 in altering pulmonary capillary permeability with resulting @entity3126 .

title: Lung water changes after @entity130 . The effects of crystalloid resuscitation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['hypoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inhalational injury', 'inhalation injury', 'thermal injury']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: @entity1576 after @entity130 is common, but the etiologic roles of high volume crystalloid resuscitation, @entity9427 , @entity130 , or @entity295 have not been specifically defined in @entity1 studies. We used the thermal-green dye double indicator dilution measurement of extravascular lung water (EVLW) to follow daily lung water changes in seven severly burned adult @entity1 , resuscitated with only crystalloid solutions. An average @entity1017 of 21.3 kg, a 30% increase (p < 0.001), was present two to three days after admission. Admission EVLW for all @entity1 was 7.9 +/- 1.2 ml/kg, (means +/- SD), and EVLW at the time of maximal @entity1017 was 5.9 +/- 1.4 ml/kg, a 25% decrease (p < 0.05). Admission pulmonary artery wedge pressure ( @entity58573 ) was 8 +/- 3 mmHG, which was not significantly different from @entity58573 of 13 +/- 4 mmHg at the time of maximal @entity1017 . In the three @entity1 who died of @entity295 , their terminal weight averaged 17.8 kg (27%) above their admitting weight (p < 0.01) and EVLW was 26.4 +/- 4.4 ml/kg, a 200% increase (p < 0.02) from admission. Their terminal @entity58573 averaged 22 +/- 2 mmHg, a 170% increase (p < 0.005). None of these @entity1 had an increase in EVLW until clinical signs of @entity295 occurred and the rise in EVLW preceded the rise in @entity58573 . Calculated mean plasma colloid osmotic pressure (PCOP) on admission was 20.7 +/- 4.9 mmHg; at the time of maximal @entity1017 , it was 8.6 +/- 1.7 mmHg (p < 0.001). The @entity58573 gradient fell to -4 +/- 4 mmHg (p < 0.001) at the time of maximal @entity1017 and remained less than +4 mmHg throughout the study period in all @entity1 . We conclude that massive crystalloid resuscitation while maintaining @entity58573 below 15 mmHg does not cause an increase in EVLW during the first four days after @entity130 . EVLW actually decreases slightly in all @entity1 despite marked @entity1017 , @entity9427 and a negative @entity58573 gradient. EVLW does not correlate with the @entity58573 gradient in either septic or nonseptic periods. Three @entity1 had severe @entity130 and normal EVLW for the first four postburn days. It therefore appears that significant @entity4 does not result from @entity130 . There is also no evidence that @entity130 causes an early increase in pulmonary capillary permeability. The occurrence of @entity295 , however, results in rapid accumulation of lung water, without any change in hydrostatic or osmotic forces. This study supports the primary role of @entity295 in altering pulmonary capillary permeability with resulting @entity3126 .

title: Lung water changes after XXXX . The effects of crystalloid resuscitation and @entity295 .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['thermal injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 48-year-old Japanese @entity1 experienced slow-onset @entity304 and @entity132 . Neurological examinations revealed @entity2003 in the trunk and extremities, @entity2845 and postural instability, although @entity73 and @entity146 symptoms were not apparent in the @entity66 stage. Neuroimaging revealed progressive bilateral frontotemporal lobe @entity194 with cerebral blood flow hypoperfusion. No apparent signs of lower motor neuron involvement were observed, such as @entity2901 or electromyogram findings. She eventually reached the @entity2845 mutism state, and gastrostomy and tracheotomy were performed at 4   years after onset. A clinical diagnosis of @entity7463 was made prior to her @entity204 , which occurred 6   years after onset. Post mortem examinations revealed that the brain weighed 1200   g and showed @entity194 . Severe @entity528 and @entity5219 were observed in the frontotemporal lobe. The superior and middle frontal gyri were the most severely affected and showed spongiform changes in the superficial layer. The globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, cerebellar dentate nucleus, substantia nigra and inferior olivary nucleus also showed @entity528 with @entity5219 . Using hyperphosphorylated tau ( @entity1129 ) immunostaining, pretangle-like neurons, numerous short threads and glial tau pathology were extensively observed. Using Gallyas-Braak @entity575 staining, thin and short threads were also extensively observed, but considerably fewer than those observed by @entity1129 immunostaining. Neither astrocytic plaques nor tuft-shaped astrocytes were observed. Examination by immunoelectron microscopy showed straight fibrils approximately 15   nm in diameter in the neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the cerebral cortex and in the fibrillary structures in the cerebral white matter. Western blot analysis of @entity60977 -insoluble tau revealed predominantly four-repeat tau and a banding pattern similar to that seen in @entity7463 . No pathogenic mutations were found during the gene analysis of @entity3668 . After completing our comprehensive investigation, we diagnosed this @entity1 with unclassifiable four-repeat @entity13859 .

title: An autopsied case of unclassifiable sporadic four-repeat @entity13859 presenting with @entity304 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['speech disturbances']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia', 'akinetic']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'atrophy of the frontotemporal lobe and brainstem']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculation']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss', 'neuron loss']

entities_list: @entity3668 :: ('4137', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein tau']

answer: @entity132 :: (MESH:D010468,Disease) :: ['speech disturbances']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 48-year-old Japanese @entity1 experienced slow-onset @entity304 and @entity132 . Neurological examinations revealed @entity2003 in the trunk and extremities, @entity2845 and postural instability, although @entity73 and @entity146 symptoms were not apparent in the @entity66 stage. Neuroimaging revealed progressive bilateral frontotemporal lobe @entity194 with cerebral blood flow hypoperfusion. No apparent signs of lower motor neuron involvement were observed, such as @entity2901 or electromyogram findings. She eventually reached the @entity2845 mutism state, and gastrostomy and tracheotomy were performed at 4   years after onset. A clinical diagnosis of @entity7463 was made prior to her @entity204 , which occurred 6   years after onset. Post mortem examinations revealed that the brain weighed 1200   g and showed @entity194 . Severe @entity528 and @entity5219 were observed in the frontotemporal lobe. The superior and middle frontal gyri were the most severely affected and showed spongiform changes in the superficial layer. The globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, cerebellar dentate nucleus, substantia nigra and inferior olivary nucleus also showed @entity528 with @entity5219 . Using hyperphosphorylated tau ( @entity1129 ) immunostaining, pretangle-like neurons, numerous short threads and glial tau pathology were extensively observed. Using Gallyas-Braak @entity575 staining, thin and short threads were also extensively observed, but considerably fewer than those observed by @entity1129 immunostaining. Neither astrocytic plaques nor tuft-shaped astrocytes were observed. Examination by immunoelectron microscopy showed straight fibrils approximately 15   nm in diameter in the neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the cerebral cortex and in the fibrillary structures in the cerebral white matter. Western blot analysis of @entity60977 -insoluble tau revealed predominantly four-repeat tau and a banding pattern similar to that seen in @entity7463 . No pathogenic mutations were found during the gene analysis of @entity3668 . After completing our comprehensive investigation, we diagnosed this @entity1 with unclassifiable four-repeat @entity13859 .

title: An autopsied case of unclassifiable sporadic four-repeat @entity13859 presenting with XXXX and @entity132 .

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 48-year-old Japanese @entity1 experienced slow-onset @entity304 and @entity132 . Neurological examinations revealed @entity2003 in the trunk and extremities, @entity2845 and postural instability, although @entity73 and @entity146 symptoms were not apparent in the @entity66 stage. Neuroimaging revealed progressive bilateral frontotemporal lobe @entity194 with cerebral blood flow hypoperfusion. No apparent signs of lower motor neuron involvement were observed, such as @entity2901 or electromyogram findings. She eventually reached the @entity2845 mutism state, and gastrostomy and tracheotomy were performed at 4   years after onset. A clinical diagnosis of @entity7463 was made prior to her @entity204 , which occurred 6   years after onset. Post mortem examinations revealed that the brain weighed 1200   g and showed @entity194 . Severe @entity528 and @entity5219 were observed in the frontotemporal lobe. The superior and middle frontal gyri were the most severely affected and showed spongiform changes in the superficial layer. The globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, cerebellar dentate nucleus, substantia nigra and inferior olivary nucleus also showed @entity528 with @entity5219 . Using hyperphosphorylated tau ( @entity1129 ) immunostaining, pretangle-like neurons, numerous short threads and glial tau pathology were extensively observed. Using Gallyas-Braak @entity575 staining, thin and short threads were also extensively observed, but considerably fewer than those observed by @entity1129 immunostaining. Neither astrocytic plaques nor tuft-shaped astrocytes were observed. Examination by immunoelectron microscopy showed straight fibrils approximately 15   nm in diameter in the neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the cerebral cortex and in the fibrillary structures in the cerebral white matter. Western blot analysis of @entity60977 -insoluble tau revealed predominantly four-repeat tau and a banding pattern similar to that seen in @entity7463 . No pathogenic mutations were found during the gene analysis of @entity3668 . After completing our comprehensive investigation, we diagnosed this @entity1 with unclassifiable four-repeat @entity13859 .

title: An autopsied case of unclassifiable sporadic four-repeat XXXX presenting with @entity304 and @entity132 .

answer: @entity13859 :: (MESH:D024801,Disease) :: ['tauopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Splenic vein ligation may result in sinistral (left-sided) portal @entity101 and @entity360 . The aim of this study was to analyse the pathogenesis of sinistral portal @entity101 following @entity4558 in pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity788 between January 2005 and December 2012 were included in this retrospective study. The venous flow pattern from the spleen and @entity1184 were examined after surgery. RESULTS: Of 103 @entity1 who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with portal vein resection, 43 had @entity4558 . There were two predominant venous flow patterns from the spleen. In the varicose route (27 @entity1 ), flow from the spleen passed to @entity694 . In the non-varicose route, flow from the spleen passed through a splenocolonic collateral (14 @entity1 ) or a spontaneous splenorenal shunt (2 @entity1 ). The varicose route was associated with significantly greater @entity1184 than the non-varicose route (median @entity1184 ratio 1  52 versus 0  94; P   <   0  001). All @entity1 with the varicose route had colonic varices, and none had a right colic marginal vein at the hepatic flexure. CONCLUSION: Pancreaticoduodenectomy with @entity4558 may lead to sinistral portal @entity101 . To avoid the development of varices, it is important to preserve the right colic marginal vein. Reconstruction of the splenic vein should be considered if the right colic marginal vein is divided.

title: Sinistral portal XXXX after pancreaticoduodenectomy with @entity4558 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['splenic hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic vein ligation']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic varices and/or other varicose veins']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal haemorrhage']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Splenic vein ligation may result in sinistral (left-sided) portal @entity101 and @entity360 . The aim of this study was to analyse the pathogenesis of sinistral portal @entity101 following @entity4558 in pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity788 between January 2005 and December 2012 were included in this retrospective study. The venous flow pattern from the spleen and @entity1184 were examined after surgery. RESULTS: Of 103 @entity1 who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with portal vein resection, 43 had @entity4558 . There were two predominant venous flow patterns from the spleen. In the varicose route (27 @entity1 ), flow from the spleen passed to @entity694 . In the non-varicose route, flow from the spleen passed through a splenocolonic collateral (14 @entity1 ) or a spontaneous splenorenal shunt (2 @entity1 ). The varicose route was associated with significantly greater @entity1184 than the non-varicose route (median @entity1184 ratio 1  52 versus 0  94; P   <   0  001). All @entity1 with the varicose route had colonic varices, and none had a right colic marginal vein at the hepatic flexure. CONCLUSION: Pancreaticoduodenectomy with @entity4558 may lead to sinistral portal @entity101 . To avoid the development of varices, it is important to preserve the right colic marginal vein. Reconstruction of the splenic vein should be considered if the right colic marginal vein is divided.

title: Sinistral portal @entity101 after pancreaticoduodenectomy with XXXX .

answer: @entity4558 :: (MESH:D013158,Disease) :: ['splenic vein ligation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several findings have pointed to the role of histaminergic neurotransmission in the modulation of @entity148 -like @entity146 . The elevated plus-maze (EPM) test has been widely used to investigate the process of @entity148 and also has been used to investigate the process of learning and memory. Visual cues are relevant to the formation of spatial maps, and as the hippocampus is involved in this task, experiment 1 explored this issue. Experiment 2 investigated the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of l-histidine (LH, a precursor of histamine) and of intra-dorsal hippocampus (intra-DH) injections of chlorpheniramine (CPA, an H1 receptor antagonist) on @entity148 in @entity19 re-exposed to the EPM. @entity19 received saline (SAL) or LH i.p. and SAL or CPA (0.016, 0.052, and 0.16nmol/0.1 l) intra-DH prior to Trial 1 (T1) and Trial 2 (T2). No significant changes were observed in the number of enclosed-arm entries (EAE) in T1, an EPM index of general exploratory activity. LH had an anxiolytic-like effect that was reversed by intra-DH injections of CPA. T2 versus T1 analysis revealed that only the lower dose of CPA resulted in @entity2414 . Combined injections of LH and CPA revealed that higher doses of CPA impair emotional memory. Taken together, these results suggest that LH and H1 receptors present in the dorsal hippocampus are involved in @entity148 -related @entity146 in @entity19 submitted to EPM.

title: Dorsal hippocampal microinjection of chlorpheniramine reverses the anxiolytic-like effects of l-histidine and impairs emotional memory in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired emotional memory']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety and emotional memory']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behaviors and emotional memory']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We tested the antiproliferative activity and mechanism of the action of several novel @entity16776 derivatives. Six different @entity5 cell lines were used to evaluate the potential cytotoxic effect of eleven @entity16776 -based molecules. A standard @entity98 assay was used for cell bioavailability analysis. Additionally, the potential cytotoxic effect of the tested compounds on non- @entity5 cells was investigated in @entity35 skeletal @entity121 (L6) and in @entity291 aortic smooth muscle cells. In order to investigate whether the DNA binding activity of tested compounds correlated with their cytotoxic effect, circular dichroism (CD) measurement and DNA T4 ligase assay were performed. Finally, the potential mutagenic activity of the lead compound 5 was investigated. The cytotoxic effect of compound 5 in @entity5 cells was obtained in lower concentrations than the well-known: @entity16776 based drug, @entity5257 . The lead compound binds to DNA, but in a different mode than the parent molecules. Additionally, compound 5 was not cytotoxic in the effective range of concentrations in non- @entity5 cells. In identical concentrations, the parent compound ( @entity16776 ) and @entity5257 were extremely toxic for both types of these normal cells. Finally, based on CD measurement and T4 ligase assay, it was confirmed that 5 binds to DNA but in different from the parent compounds manner. Important to mention, that compound 5 might have increased mutagenic activity which must be verified in vivo. Based on these in vitro results, we conclude that 5 is a more potent and more selective antiprolifirative compound than @entity5257 . Compound 5 was also more effective in HepG2 and P-12 cells. Thus, 5 is suitable for future in vivo biological evaluation and its structure might be used as a basis for developing novel anticancer drugs.

title: Antiproliferative Effect of Novel XXXX -based Compounds.

entities_list: @entity16776 :: ('MESH:D000585', 'Chemical') :: ['9-aminoacridine', 'aminoacridine', '9- aminoacridine']

entities_list: @entity5257 :: ('MESH:D000677', 'Chemical') :: ['amsacrine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle myotubes']

answer: @entity16776 :: (MESH:D000585,Chemical) :: ['Aminoacridine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nuclear lamins are involved in many cellular functions due to their ability to bind numerous partners including chromatin and transcription factors, and affect their properties. @entity18417 ( @entity4223 ; OMIM#151660) is caused in most cases by the A-type lamin @entity66652 mutation. We report here that the @entity66652 mutation affects the regulatory activity of @entity21434 , a transcription factor that regulates hundreds of genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Using in situ proximity ligation assays, reporter assays and biochemical and transcriptomic approaches, we show that interactions of @entity21434 with @entity4223 ( @entity4223 ) and @entity4223 ( @entity4223 ) occur at the nuclear periphery and in the nucleoplasm. These interactions involve the Ig-fold of A-type lamins and are favored upon @entity21434 binding to its DNA target sequences. We show that @entity21434 , @entity4223 and sterol response DNA elements form ternary complexes in vitro. In addition, overexpression of A-type lamins reduces transcriptional activity of @entity21434 . In contrast, both overexpression of @entity4223 @entity66652 in primary @entity1 preadipocytes and endogenous expression of A-type lamins @entity66652 in @entity4223 @entity1 fibroblasts, reduce A-type lamins- @entity21434 in situ interactions and upregulates a large number of @entity21434 target genes. As this @entity4223 mutant was previously shown to inhibit adipogenic differentiation, we propose that deregulation of @entity21434 by mutated A-type lamins constitutes one underlying mechanism of the physiopathology of @entity4223 . Our data suggest that @entity21434 targeting molecules could be considered in a therapeutic context.

title: The XXXX substitution in A-type lamins deregulates @entity21434 activity in Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18417 :: ('MESH:D052496', 'Disease') :: ['Dunnigan type familial partial lipodystrophy']

answer: @entity66652 :: (p|SUB|R|482|W,ProteinMutation) :: ['p.R482W']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nuclear lamins are involved in many cellular functions due to their ability to bind numerous partners including chromatin and transcription factors, and affect their properties. @entity18417 ( @entity4223 ; OMIM#151660) is caused in most cases by the A-type lamin @entity66652 mutation. We report here that the @entity66652 mutation affects the regulatory activity of @entity21434 , a transcription factor that regulates hundreds of genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Using in situ proximity ligation assays, reporter assays and biochemical and transcriptomic approaches, we show that interactions of @entity21434 with @entity4223 ( @entity4223 ) and @entity4223 ( @entity4223 ) occur at the nuclear periphery and in the nucleoplasm. These interactions involve the Ig-fold of A-type lamins and are favored upon @entity21434 binding to its DNA target sequences. We show that @entity21434 , @entity4223 and sterol response DNA elements form ternary complexes in vitro. In addition, overexpression of A-type lamins reduces transcriptional activity of @entity21434 . In contrast, both overexpression of @entity4223 @entity66652 in primary @entity1 preadipocytes and endogenous expression of A-type lamins @entity66652 in @entity4223 @entity1 fibroblasts, reduce A-type lamins- @entity21434 in situ interactions and upregulates a large number of @entity21434 target genes. As this @entity4223 mutant was previously shown to inhibit adipogenic differentiation, we propose that deregulation of @entity21434 by mutated A-type lamins constitutes one underlying mechanism of the physiopathology of @entity4223 . Our data suggest that @entity21434 targeting molecules could be considered in a therapeutic context.

title: The @entity66652 substitution in A-type lamins deregulates XXXX activity in Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy.

answer: @entity21434 :: (6720,Gene) :: ['SREBP1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8193 is a well-known complication of the anti- @entity1602 @entity28943 agent @entity2449 , especially in peculiar but not rare clinical conditions. Attempts to reduce the incidence of this adverse reaction have been enforced by national agencies over the years. The Italian Medicines Agency recently released a safety recommendation on prescribing the drug and with regard to the existence of several conditions that contraindicate drug continuation, such as dehydration, @entity281 , @entity551 , surgery or hyperosmolar contrast agent infusion, but the recommendation does not mention the increased risk related to stoma. The present case report is, to our knowledge, the first in the literature of @entity2449 -associated @entity8193 in a @entity1 with a recently created ileostomy and low anterior resection for @entity5 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 70-year-old Caucasian @entity1 who had undergone low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision and temporary loop ileostomy creation at our institution returned to our department 30 days later because of @entity390 , @entity391 , diffuse @entity490 and @entity1696 of about 24 hours' duration. During his physical examination, the @entity1 appeared dehydrated and had @entity7405 and a reduced level of consciousness. His laboratory tests showed that he had @entity810 and severe @entity8193 . CONCLUSION: An ileostomy puts @entity1 at high risk for output losses that can lead to dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities. The assessment of the losses through the stoma, especially the ileostomy, should be added to the recommendations issued by pharmacovigilance societies. The present clinical case illustrates the need for clinicians on surgical wards to carefully evaluate @entity1 before resuming @entity2449 therapy and to provide appropriate information at discharge to @entity1 with @entity6 who have undergone ileostomy. Furthermore, this case report highlights the increasing need for more training of general physicians regarding both surgical and internal medicine problems that may arise in the post-operative course after major surgery in @entity1 with co-morbidities.

title: XXXX -associated @entity8193 and temporary ileostomy: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity28943 :: ('CHEBI:3095', 'Chemical') :: ['biguanide']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['Lactic acidosis', 'lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['Metformin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8193 is a well-known complication of the anti- @entity1602 @entity28943 agent @entity2449 , especially in peculiar but not rare clinical conditions. Attempts to reduce the incidence of this adverse reaction have been enforced by national agencies over the years. The Italian Medicines Agency recently released a safety recommendation on prescribing the drug and with regard to the existence of several conditions that contraindicate drug continuation, such as dehydration, @entity281 , @entity551 , surgery or hyperosmolar contrast agent infusion, but the recommendation does not mention the increased risk related to stoma. The present case report is, to our knowledge, the first in the literature of @entity2449 -associated @entity8193 in a @entity1 with a recently created ileostomy and low anterior resection for @entity5 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 70-year-old Caucasian @entity1 who had undergone low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision and temporary loop ileostomy creation at our institution returned to our department 30 days later because of @entity390 , @entity391 , diffuse @entity490 and @entity1696 of about 24 hours' duration. During his physical examination, the @entity1 appeared dehydrated and had @entity7405 and a reduced level of consciousness. His laboratory tests showed that he had @entity810 and severe @entity8193 . CONCLUSION: An ileostomy puts @entity1 at high risk for output losses that can lead to dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities. The assessment of the losses through the stoma, especially the ileostomy, should be added to the recommendations issued by pharmacovigilance societies. The present clinical case illustrates the need for clinicians on surgical wards to carefully evaluate @entity1 before resuming @entity2449 therapy and to provide appropriate information at discharge to @entity1 with @entity6 who have undergone ileostomy. Furthermore, this case report highlights the increasing need for more training of general physicians regarding both surgical and internal medicine problems that may arise in the post-operative course after major surgery in @entity1 with co-morbidities.

title: @entity2449 -associated XXXX and temporary ileostomy: a case report.

answer: @entity8193 :: (MESH:D000140,Disease) :: ['lactic acidosis']


abstract: The Stannius bodies of @entity22159 and @entity2083 were ultrastructurally investigated after exposure of the fish to media of different osmolality and @entity460 content. In both species two structurally different secretory cell types are found. Type-1 cells predominate. They contain an extensive granular endoplasmic reticulum, some large Golgi areas, and secretory granules with a mean diameter of about 0.4 micron. These cells are activated by transfer of freshwater fish to seawater, but not by transfer to low- @entity460 seawater. Type-2 cells often contain cytoplasmic processes that penetrate between the type-1 cells and are ending on the basal lamina. In this contact area granule release takes place. Type-2 cells contain some strands of granular endoplasmic reticulum, several small Golgi areas, and secretory granules with a mean diameter between 0.15 and 0.20 micron. Type-2 cells are not activated after transfer of fish to seawater. In @entity22159 seawater exposure leads to a reduction of type-2 cells. The differences between the reactions of both cell types to different media point to functional differences between their secretory products. Type-1 cells may produce @entity14645 factor. It is concluded that type-2 cells are typical for freshwater fish or euryhaline fish spending part of their life cycle in freshwater. The proper function of these cells is unclear.

title: Evidence for two secretory cell types in the Stannius bodies of the teleosts @entity22159 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['Carassius auratus']


abstract: The Stannius bodies of @entity22159 and @entity2083 were ultrastructurally investigated after exposure of the fish to media of different osmolality and @entity460 content. In both species two structurally different secretory cell types are found. Type-1 cells predominate. They contain an extensive granular endoplasmic reticulum, some large Golgi areas, and secretory granules with a mean diameter of about 0.4 micron. These cells are activated by transfer of freshwater fish to seawater, but not by transfer to low- @entity460 seawater. Type-2 cells often contain cytoplasmic processes that penetrate between the type-1 cells and are ending on the basal lamina. In this contact area granule release takes place. Type-2 cells contain some strands of granular endoplasmic reticulum, several small Golgi areas, and secretory granules with a mean diameter between 0.15 and 0.20 micron. Type-2 cells are not activated after transfer of fish to seawater. In @entity22159 seawater exposure leads to a reduction of type-2 cells. The differences between the reactions of both cell types to different media point to functional differences between their secretory products. Type-1 cells may produce @entity14645 factor. It is concluded that type-2 cells are typical for freshwater fish or euryhaline fish spending part of their life cycle in freshwater. The proper function of these cells is unclear.

title: Evidence for two secretory cell types in the Stannius bodies of the teleosts XXXX and @entity2083 .

answer: @entity22159 :: (8078,Species) :: ['Fundulus heteroclitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maximum safe resection is the "gold standard" in surgical treatment of grade 2 @entity11 (G2Gs), aiming to achieve maximal survival benefit with minimal risk of functional deficit. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the attitude of @entity1 and experts towards more extensive surgery with a trade-off between neurological function and survival time. METHODS: Eight @entity1 and seven experts participated in semi-structured focus group interviews. RESULTS: Both @entity1 and experts accepted the premise of balancing neurological function versus longevity. Some @entity1 would accept an increased risk of permanent @entity51 in order to obtain a chance of increased survival. There was a significant variance in what constituted "quality of life" both between @entity1 and for the individual @entity1 over time. CONCLUSIONS: In important life-changing decisions there is no "one size fits all". We find that it is ethically acceptable to offer more extensive surgery than is possible within the concept of maximal safe surgery as a treatment option, when balancing the principles of beneficence, non-maleficience, autonomy and justice supports the decision. At the same time it must be remembered that even when the @entity1 have made a well-informed decision, some will regret it. In that situation it will be our job as healthcare professionals to support them and help carry some of this burden.

title: Primo non nocere or maximum survival in grade 2 XXXX ? A medical ethical question.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: 1. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal blood-flow were normal in a series of @entity1 with sickle cell @entity417 . Fractional creatinine excretion and fractional @entity1133 excretion were increased. 2. During @entity3352 administration there were significant falls in glomerular filtration rate, effective renal blood-flow, @entity1011 clearance and @entity1133 clearance in the @entity1 with sickle cell @entity417 ; fractional @entity1133 excretion also fell markedly. In control subjects none of these variables changed after @entity3352 . 3. Serum concentration of @entity1133 rose markedly during @entity3352 administration in sickle cell @entity417 , owing to both the decrease in glomerular filtration rate and the increase in fractional @entity1133 reabsorption. 4. We conclude that @entity2918 have an important role in maintaining a normal glomerular filtration rate and effective renal blood-flow in sickle cell @entity417 . The abnormal @entity1133 handling in @entity1 with this disease remains to be elucidated.

title: The influence of XXXX on renal haemodynamics in sickle cell @entity417 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['indomethacin']


abstract: 1. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal blood-flow were normal in a series of @entity1 with sickle cell @entity417 . Fractional creatinine excretion and fractional @entity1133 excretion were increased. 2. During @entity3352 administration there were significant falls in glomerular filtration rate, effective renal blood-flow, @entity1011 clearance and @entity1133 clearance in the @entity1 with sickle cell @entity417 ; fractional @entity1133 excretion also fell markedly. In control subjects none of these variables changed after @entity3352 . 3. Serum concentration of @entity1133 rose markedly during @entity3352 administration in sickle cell @entity417 , owing to both the decrease in glomerular filtration rate and the increase in fractional @entity1133 reabsorption. 4. We conclude that @entity2918 have an important role in maintaining a normal glomerular filtration rate and effective renal blood-flow in sickle cell @entity417 . The abnormal @entity1133 handling in @entity1 with this disease remains to be elucidated.

title: The influence of @entity3352 on renal haemodynamics in sickle cell XXXX .

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemia']


abstract: We treated six @entity1 with @entity521 . They were all refractory to conventional chemotherapy or at an advanced stage when diagnosed. @entity1 were four males and two females aged 1 to 7 years old, with a mean age of 3.7 years. Total @entity7397 dose ranged from 60 mg/m2 to 720 mg/m2, with a median dose of 240 mg/m2, and a mean dose of 260 mg/m2. Of the six @entity1 , two were PR, three were @entity1726 , and one was NC. Of three non-responses, two cases were clinically improved. Two cases had @entity8 but this improved within 3 weeks. It is said that @entity7397 induces irreversible @entity8 , especially @entity4295 . Our two cases had progressively decreased @entity1011 clearance, though values of BUN and @entity1011 were normal. @entity236 was mild, so there was no need to discontinue or modify the @entity7397 chemotherapy schedules. Two hypo-magnesemia were found, both cases being asymptomatic. Transient @entity409 occurred in one @entity1 , and @entity1209 were observed in almost all cases.

title: [Effect of cis-platinum in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is still an upcoming diagnostic tool because it is time-consuming to perform the post-scan calculations and interpretations. A standardized and easily used method for the clinical assessment of fMRI scans could decrease the workload and make fMRI more attractive for clinical use. PURPOSE: To evaluate a standardized clinical approach for distance measurement between benign @entity1313 and eloquent cortex in terms of the ability to predict pre- and postoperative @entity51 after intraoperative neuronavigation-assisted surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 34 @entity1 . The fMRI data were reanalyzed using a standardized distance measurement procedure combining data from both fMRI and three-dimensional T1 MRI scans. The pre- and postoperative neurological status of each @entity1 was obtained from hospital records. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis to determine whether the distance measured between the @entity5 margin and fMRI activity could serve as a predictor for @entity51 . RESULTS: An odds ratio of 0.89   mm(-1) (P   =   0.03) was found between the risk of preoperative @entity16 and the @entity5 -fMRI distance. An odds ratio of 0.82   mm(-1) (P   =   0.04) was found between the risk of additional postoperative @entity16 and the @entity5 -fMRI distance. The @entity5 was radically removed in 10 cases; five @entity1 experienced @entity86 ( @entity5 -fMRI distance <18   mm) and five did not ( @entity5 -fMRI distance >18   mm) (P   =   0.008). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the distance measured between the @entity5 margin and fMRI activation could serve as a valuable predictor of @entity16 .

title: Presurgical functional magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['additional postoperative motor deficits']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is still an upcoming diagnostic tool because it is time-consuming to perform the post-scan calculations and interpretations. A standardized and easily used method for the clinical assessment of fMRI scans could decrease the workload and make fMRI more attractive for clinical use. PURPOSE: To evaluate a standardized clinical approach for distance measurement between benign @entity1313 and eloquent cortex in terms of the ability to predict pre- and postoperative @entity51 after intraoperative neuronavigation-assisted surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 34 @entity1 . The fMRI data were reanalyzed using a standardized distance measurement procedure combining data from both fMRI and three-dimensional T1 MRI scans. The pre- and postoperative neurological status of each @entity1 was obtained from hospital records. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis to determine whether the distance measured between the @entity5 margin and fMRI activity could serve as a predictor for @entity51 . RESULTS: An odds ratio of 0.89   mm(-1) (P   =   0.03) was found between the risk of preoperative @entity16 and the @entity5 -fMRI distance. An odds ratio of 0.82   mm(-1) (P   =   0.04) was found between the risk of additional postoperative @entity16 and the @entity5 -fMRI distance. The @entity5 was radically removed in 10 cases; five @entity1 experienced @entity86 ( @entity5 -fMRI distance <18   mm) and five did not ( @entity5 -fMRI distance >18   mm) (P   =   0.008). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the distance measured between the @entity5 margin and fMRI activation could serve as a valuable predictor of @entity16 .

title: Presurgical functional magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX with @entity1313 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Symptoms related to menstruation are reported in 140 Swiss @entity1 according to postmenarcheal and chronological age. @entity490 were present in 9-28% of the @entity1 , depending on postmenarcheal age (i.e. years after menarche) (2-30% depending on chronological age). Dysmenorrhoea occurred in 44-64% of the @entity1 according to postmenarcheal age (51-67% according to chronological age). Occasional severe dysmenorrhoea was the type most often reported, by 20-35% of the @entity1 . Large intra-individual and inter-individual variabilities in the occurrence and severity of dysmenorrhoea were observed. The frequency of dysmenorrhoea increased in the first three postmenarcheal years and decreased thereafter. The prevalence of @entity10 was low, 0-5%. The frequency of @entity10 during menstruation was 2-11% according to postmenarcheal age (2-19% by chronological age) which was low in comparison with other studies. Severe @entity10 was more often reported than mild @entity10 . Frequency of severe @entity10 decreased in higher age groups. Other reported symptoms related to menstruation were general discomfort in 1-10% of the @entity1 and premenstrual vaginal discharge in 10-22% according to postmenarcheal age (3-17% according to chronological age). Severe vaginal discharge was more frequent than mild discharge, 8-20% versus 0-3%. The frequency of vaginal discharge increased from the first to the fourth year after menarche.

title: Symptoms related to menstruation in adolescent Swiss XXXX : a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual headache', 'headache', 'premenstrual headache']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Premenstrual abdominal pains']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to estimate the 2-year life expectancy (2YLE) (estimated survival rate >50% at  2  years) in @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ) using the risk score based on predictors of all-cause mortality within 2 years. BACKGROUND: It has been reported that 2YLE is one of the important factors in the decision making of the revascularization strategy. However, little is known about the probability and the prognostic factors of a 2YLE. METHOD: This study was performed as a multicenter retrospective analysis. Between March 2004 and December 2011, 995 @entity63 @entity1 with follow-up period >730 days undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT) were identified and analyzed. RESULTS: Within 2 years, 412 @entity1 (41%) died, and a cardiovascular cause accounted for 47% of @entity204 . On multivariate analysis, the independent prognostic factors were age 65 to 79 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.9), 80 years of age or older (OR: 3.7), body mass index (BMI) 18.0 to 19.9 kg/m(2) (OR: 1.5), BMI  <18.0 kg/m(2) (OR: 2.9), nonambulatory status (OR: 2.4), hemodialysis (OR: 2.1), @entity66 (OR: 1.6), @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) of 40% to 49% (OR: 1.8), @entity1002  <40% (OR: 2.6), Rutherford class 5 (OR: 1.9), and Rutherford class 6 (OR: 3.4). The 2-year survival rate in each risk score was calculated based on each OR (full score: 15 points). After that, 2YLE was estimated based on the survival rate in each risk score, the probability of a 2YLE of  >= 8 points indicated a  <50% probability of 2-year survival. CONCLUSIONS: The independent prognostic factors for the 2YLE were age, BMI, nonambulatory status, hemodialysis, @entity66 , @entity1002 , and tissue loss. A 2YLE score of  >= 8 points indicated a  <50% probability of 2-year survival. This score seemed to be helpful for identifying @entity63 @entity1 with a poor prognosis.

title: Two-year life expectancy in @entity1 with  XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to estimate the 2-year life expectancy (2YLE) (estimated survival rate >50% at  2  years) in @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ) using the risk score based on predictors of all-cause mortality within 2 years. BACKGROUND: It has been reported that 2YLE is one of the important factors in the decision making of the revascularization strategy. However, little is known about the probability and the prognostic factors of a 2YLE. METHOD: This study was performed as a multicenter retrospective analysis. Between March 2004 and December 2011, 995 @entity63 @entity1 with follow-up period >730 days undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT) were identified and analyzed. RESULTS: Within 2 years, 412 @entity1 (41%) died, and a cardiovascular cause accounted for 47% of @entity204 . On multivariate analysis, the independent prognostic factors were age 65 to 79 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.9), 80 years of age or older (OR: 3.7), body mass index (BMI) 18.0 to 19.9 kg/m(2) (OR: 1.5), BMI  <18.0 kg/m(2) (OR: 2.9), nonambulatory status (OR: 2.4), hemodialysis (OR: 2.1), @entity66 (OR: 1.6), @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) of 40% to 49% (OR: 1.8), @entity1002  <40% (OR: 2.6), Rutherford class 5 (OR: 1.9), and Rutherford class 6 (OR: 3.4). The 2-year survival rate in each risk score was calculated based on each OR (full score: 15 points). After that, 2YLE was estimated based on the survival rate in each risk score, the probability of a 2YLE of  >= 8 points indicated a  <50% probability of 2-year survival. CONCLUSIONS: The independent prognostic factors for the 2YLE were age, BMI, nonambulatory status, hemodialysis, @entity66 , @entity1002 , and tissue loss. A 2YLE score of  >= 8 points indicated a  <50% probability of 2-year survival. This score seemed to be helpful for identifying @entity63 @entity1 with a poor prognosis.

title: Two-year life expectancy in XXXX with  @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Experiments were performed to determine whether serum concentrations of total @entity165 (TC) undergo cyclic changes during the estrous cycle of dairy heifers and to assess the relationship between serum concentrations of TC and ovarian @entity134 hormones. The effects of a hypercholesterolemic diet upon luteal @entity1420 secretion also were determined. Experiment 1 involved five dairy heifers exhibiting normal estrous cycles. Serum concentrations of TC, @entity1420 , @entity251 and @entity53 -17 beta were determined in blood samples collected throughout a complete estrous cycle. A transient decline in TC was observed during the luteal phase of all heifers beginning on d 2 and reached a nadir 6 d after estrus. Highest mean concentrations of TC occurred between d -2 and +2 (96.3 +/- 8.2 mg/dl), which were markedly higher (P less than .05) than the lowest mean concentrations (76.3 +/- 10.3 mg/dl) observed on d 6. Concentrations of serum TC were negatively correlated (r = -.40; P less than .01) with @entity1420 between d 2 and 9. Serum TC was not correlated with @entity251 or @entity53 -17 beta. In Exp. 2, seven cycling Holstein heifers were fed a control diet for 70 d (Stage I), a diet containing 15% whole sunflower seed as a source of supplemental dietary lipid for 70 d (Stage II) and then the control diet for 70 d (Stage III). Diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. All heifers were synchronized with @entity3774 after wk 5 in each of the three feeding stages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relationships among dietary lipid intake, serum XXXX and ovarian function in Holstein heifers.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with chronic severe @entity565 (CSA) have a crippling disease and current available treatments are not satisfactory. Thus, management of CSA remains a major unmet need. Although the evidence from existing randomized controlled trials fails to support a definite role for immunomodulatory drugs in these @entity1 due to major methodologic drawbacks, findings with low-dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) are encouraging. However, larger and well-designed clinical trials are required to establish the beneficial role of @entity1500 in CSA, and for the detection of the key characteristics of those who are going to respond to this drug.Methods/design: @entity1 will be recruited from the accessible @entity748 @entity1 lists of tertiary referral centers. All @entity1 will meet the stringent diagnostic criteria for CSA, including the requirement for the regular use of Global Initiative for @entity565 (GINA) Global Strategy for @entity565 Management and Prevention Step 5 medications (oral @entity229 and/or omalizumab). The experimental design of the proposed study will take the form of a double-blind parallel-randomized placebo-controlled trial consisting of a @entity348 , including run-in and run-out periods. @entity1 will be randomly allocated to receive either @entity1500 or a matched placebo once a week as an add-on therapy to their existing medication after run-in. Physiological, laboratory and clinical assessments will be measured regularly throughout the study and compared with baseline assessments. DISCUSSION: We expect that @entity1500 will reduce Step 5 medications dosage in @entity1 with CSA without compromising the overall disease control. Improvement in several indicators of @entity565 severity and control will be also investigated.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02124226 (assigned 25 April 2014).

title: Weekly low-dose XXXX for reduction of Global Initiative for @entity565 Step 5 treatment in severe refractory @entity565 : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total of eight visits']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with chronic severe @entity565 (CSA) have a crippling disease and current available treatments are not satisfactory. Thus, management of CSA remains a major unmet need. Although the evidence from existing randomized controlled trials fails to support a definite role for immunomodulatory drugs in these @entity1 due to major methodologic drawbacks, findings with low-dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) are encouraging. However, larger and well-designed clinical trials are required to establish the beneficial role of @entity1500 in CSA, and for the detection of the key characteristics of those who are going to respond to this drug.Methods/design: @entity1 will be recruited from the accessible @entity748 @entity1 lists of tertiary referral centers. All @entity1 will meet the stringent diagnostic criteria for CSA, including the requirement for the regular use of Global Initiative for @entity565 (GINA) Global Strategy for @entity565 Management and Prevention Step 5 medications (oral @entity229 and/or omalizumab). The experimental design of the proposed study will take the form of a double-blind parallel-randomized placebo-controlled trial consisting of a @entity348 , including run-in and run-out periods. @entity1 will be randomly allocated to receive either @entity1500 or a matched placebo once a week as an add-on therapy to their existing medication after run-in. Physiological, laboratory and clinical assessments will be measured regularly throughout the study and compared with baseline assessments. DISCUSSION: We expect that @entity1500 will reduce Step 5 medications dosage in @entity1 with CSA without compromising the overall disease control. Improvement in several indicators of @entity565 severity and control will be also investigated.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02124226 (assigned 25 April 2014).

title: Weekly low-dose @entity1499 for reduction of Global Initiative for XXXX Step 5 treatment in severe refractory @entity565 : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with chronic severe @entity565 (CSA) have a crippling disease and current available treatments are not satisfactory. Thus, management of CSA remains a major unmet need. Although the evidence from existing randomized controlled trials fails to support a definite role for immunomodulatory drugs in these @entity1 due to major methodologic drawbacks, findings with low-dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) are encouraging. However, larger and well-designed clinical trials are required to establish the beneficial role of @entity1500 in CSA, and for the detection of the key characteristics of those who are going to respond to this drug.Methods/design: @entity1 will be recruited from the accessible @entity748 @entity1 lists of tertiary referral centers. All @entity1 will meet the stringent diagnostic criteria for CSA, including the requirement for the regular use of Global Initiative for @entity565 (GINA) Global Strategy for @entity565 Management and Prevention Step 5 medications (oral @entity229 and/or omalizumab). The experimental design of the proposed study will take the form of a double-blind parallel-randomized placebo-controlled trial consisting of a @entity348 , including run-in and run-out periods. @entity1 will be randomly allocated to receive either @entity1500 or a matched placebo once a week as an add-on therapy to their existing medication after run-in. Physiological, laboratory and clinical assessments will be measured regularly throughout the study and compared with baseline assessments. DISCUSSION: We expect that @entity1500 will reduce Step 5 medications dosage in @entity1 with CSA without compromising the overall disease control. Improvement in several indicators of @entity565 severity and control will be also investigated.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02124226 (assigned 25 April 2014).

title: Weekly low-dose @entity1499 for reduction of Global Initiative for @entity565 Step 5 treatment in severe refractory XXXX : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity3147 in Veterans Administration Hospitals has been well documented. Several methods have been proposed to assess nutritional status including prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and instant nutritional assessment (INA). A prospective study was done to evaluate the currently used nutritional assessments and determine their efficacy based on sensitivity and specificity in predicting surgical morbidity and mortality. Data on 46 @entity1 were evaluated for the multiparameter index of PNI, total lymphocyte count and serum albumin for INA, and @entity353 alone. In this analysis, intermediate and high risk PNI were combined as positive predictor of complications. Any abnormal value in INA was considered positive as was @entity353 of greater than 6% of usual body weight. Sensitivity and specificity of each assessment method were determined by 2 X 2 contingency table, and significance of observed differences between methods was determined by chi 2 analysis. There were no complications or @entity204 in @entity1 with less than 6% @entity353 . All three @entity1 with abnormal albumin and total lymphocyte count had complications as compared to only three of 32 @entity1 when both of these parameters were normal. The PNI was also able to predict complications with an increasing incidence as the PNI increased. Only the difference between specificity of @entity353 alone vs INA was statistically significant, p less than 0.05. Thus, @entity353 alone can be used as a rapid, inexpensive assessment of nutritional status for predicting @entity260 .

title: The value of nutritional assessment in the surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. This condition, and its related diseases such as @entity6 and @entity65 , have become major public health challenges. Fruits are important dietary components, and bioactive constituents from fruits are considered to be a promising source for developing effective and safe anti- @entity28 drugs. Garcinia mangostana Linn. (Clusiaceae) is a tropical evergreen tree, and its fruit, mangosteen, is called 'Queen of Fruit'. The pericarp of G. mangostana has been used for centuries in Southeast Asia as a medicinal agent for treatment of @entity66 . Products derived from mangosteen are widely consumed to ameliorate @entity209 and resultant @entity209 . However, the chemical principles and mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. This review summarizes the recent chemical and pharmacological studies related to G. mangostana, including weight reduction, anti-adipogenesis, anti- @entity32 and anti-oxidation activity. The aim of this review is to shed light on the role of G. mangostana and its constituents in preventing and treating @entity28 , which should encourage more interest in the development of relevant therapeutic methods.

title: New insights into the anti- XXXX activity of xanthones from Garcinia mangostana.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to determine the incidence of @entity5513 and @entity726 after @entity130 . Records of all @entity1 treated for traumatic @entity5891 or microhyphema admitted to a district hospital throughout a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 with @entity542 were excluded. The following clinical features were recorded during @entity1 ' initial presentation and follow-up visits: Snellen visual acuity, examination with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP), dilated fundoscopic examination, gonioscopic examination and treatment. For @entity1 with IOP  >  21  mmHg and requiring @entity726 medications, visual field tests were performed. A total of 97 @entity1 met the study criteria, of which 62 had microhyphema and 35 had gross @entity5891 . Among the @entity130 @entity1 , 47 (75.8  %) had @entity5513 and 4 (6.5  %) had @entity726 with mean follow-up of 49  months (range 6-98  months). A statistically significant association was found between @entity5513 greater than 180   and the occurrence of @entity726 (p  <  0.01). No statistically significant differences were found between groups of @entity1 with microhyphema or gross @entity5891 regarding the incidence of @entity5513 and @entity726 . The complications of @entity5513 and @entity726 in @entity1 after @entity130 appear similar to those found in @entity1 after gross @entity5891 .

title: Angle-recession glaucoma: long-term clinical outcomes over a 10-year period in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['angle recession']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open-globe injury']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic microhyphema']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic microhyphema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This preliminary study aims to verify the effectiveness of the additional information provided by spectral computed tomography (CT) with the proposed @entity146 ( @entity146 ) @entity36915 ( @entity652 ) from mucinous @entity5 of @entity5409 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted from January 2010 to October 2013. Twenty-three @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 ; mean age, 43.96 years old) with SOA and 19 @entity1 (3 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ; mean age, 41.74 years old) with MCN were included in this retrospective study. Two types of features were collected by dual-energy spectral CT imaging as follows: conventional and additional quantitative spectral CT features. Classification results of the @entity146 scheme were compared using the conventional features and full feature data set. Important features were selected using support vector machine classification method combined with feature-selection technique. The optimal cutoff values of selected features were determined through receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses. RESULTS: Combining conventional features with additional spectral CT features improved the overall accuracy from 88.37% to 93.02%. The selected features of the proposed @entity146 scheme were @entity5 size, contour, location, and low-energy CT values (43 keV). @entity1496 -water basis material pair densities in both arterial phase (AP) and portal venous phase (PP) were important factors for differential diagnosis of SOA and MCN. The optimal cutoff values of @entity1162 , @entity851 , 40 keV monochromatic CT value in AP, @entity1496 (water) density in AP, 43 keV monochromatic CT value in PP, and @entity1496 (water) density in PP were 3.4 mm, 3.1 mm, 35.7 Hu, 0.32533 mg/mL, 39.4 Hu, and 0.348 mg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION: The combination of conventional features and additional information provided by dual-energy spectral CT shows a high accuracy in the @entity146 scheme. The quantitative information of spectral CT may prove useful in the diagnosis and classification of @entity652 and MCNs with machine learning algorithms.

title: Computer-Aided Diagnosis for Distinguishing Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms From XXXX in Spectral CT Images.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1496 :: ('MESH:D007455', 'Chemical') :: ['iodine', 'Iodine']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short axis']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['computer-aided diagnosis', 'CAD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity36915 :: ('MESH:C538110', 'Disease') :: ['scheme to differentiate pancreatic serous oligocystic adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Serous Oligocystic Adenomas']


abstract: Age-related changes in the intake of food and water, and the output of faeces and urine were investigated in C57BL/Icrfat @entity19 of 6 and 24 months of age. Animals were singly housed in a metabolic cage for a period of 30 days. 14 days were allowed for acclimatization before the animals were dehydrated for 24 hours. 10 days of rehydration were allowed prior to a hyperosmotic challenge with 3% @entity2827 in the drinking water. The animals were then observed for 5 more days of rehydration. Urine was collected and analysed with regard to @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity1133 and vasopressin output/24 hours (/100g body weight), and the osmotic pressure of the urine was determined. Data were analysed by a 2 factor analysis of variance with repeated measures on one factor. Significant changes were detected in the control of body weight, @entity972 , @entity1372 and @entity1133 outputs. No age-differences were detected in the intake of food or water, the output of faeces or urine, the urine osmotic pressure or the excretion of vasopressin. However, significant changes in these variables were detected in both age groups on the days of physiological challenge. The conclusion drawn is that in the @entity19 studied, and for the period of the lifespan investigated, there is no age related defect in the secretion of vasopressin. However, there are trends in the data suggesting a decreased responsiveness of the kidney with age.

title: The effect of age on the control of water conservation in the laboratory XXXX --metabolic studies.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1582 is a @entity1583 characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. A common manifestation of the disease is @entity79 ( @entity79 ), which is caused by @entity79 and decreased bone formation. The @entity10557 ( @entity10557 ) is a pro-inflammatory protein and chemokine that stimulates osteoclasts in @entity79 . However, little is known about the effect of @entity10557 on osteoblasts (OB). METHODS: The OBs are induced from @entity1 with @entity79 and healthy donors, cultured in vitro, and identified by histochemistry. The effects of @entity10557 and @entity10557 antibody on the OBs in vitro are observed. The @entity10557 receptor ( @entity16951 ), @entity12502 ( @entity12502 ), @entity8087 ( @entity8087 ), and @entity8088 ( @entity8088 ) are detected using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time PCR. RESULTS: Proliferation and osteogenic potential of the OB in @entity1 with @entity79 are suppressed. Moreover, the @entity16951 expression is significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity79 than in normal controls. The @entity12502 level, quantity of @entity460 nodules, and @entity8087 and @entity8088 levels decrease after @entity10557 stimulation, which indicates that @entity10557 inhibits OB function. Furthermore, @entity10557 antibody partially restores OB activity through the upregulation of the @entity12502 , @entity8087 , and @entity8088 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10557 contributes to the OB/OC imbalance by inhibiting OB differentiation and function in @entity79 .

title: Osteoblast inhibition by chemokine cytokine ligand3 in XXXX -induced @entity79 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8087 :: ('860', 'Gene') :: ['runt-related transcription factor 2', 'Runx2']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['increased osteoclastic bone resorption', 'myeloma bone disease', 'MBD']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity10557 :: ('6348', 'Gene') :: ['CCL3', 'chemokine cytokine ligand 3']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1582 is a @entity1583 characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. A common manifestation of the disease is @entity79 ( @entity79 ), which is caused by @entity79 and decreased bone formation. The @entity10557 ( @entity10557 ) is a pro-inflammatory protein and chemokine that stimulates osteoclasts in @entity79 . However, little is known about the effect of @entity10557 on osteoblasts (OB). METHODS: The OBs are induced from @entity1 with @entity79 and healthy donors, cultured in vitro, and identified by histochemistry. The effects of @entity10557 and @entity10557 antibody on the OBs in vitro are observed. The @entity10557 receptor ( @entity16951 ), @entity12502 ( @entity12502 ), @entity8087 ( @entity8087 ), and @entity8088 ( @entity8088 ) are detected using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time PCR. RESULTS: Proliferation and osteogenic potential of the OB in @entity1 with @entity79 are suppressed. Moreover, the @entity16951 expression is significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity79 than in normal controls. The @entity12502 level, quantity of @entity460 nodules, and @entity8087 and @entity8088 levels decrease after @entity10557 stimulation, which indicates that @entity10557 inhibits OB function. Furthermore, @entity10557 antibody partially restores OB activity through the upregulation of the @entity12502 , @entity8087 , and @entity8088 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10557 contributes to the OB/OC imbalance by inhibiting OB differentiation and function in @entity79 .

title: Osteoblast inhibition by chemokine cytokine ligand3 in @entity1582 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone disease']


abstract: We have previously demonstrated disease-dependent gene delivery in the brain using an AAV vector responding to NFkB activation as a probe for inflammatory responses. This vector, injected focally in the parenchyma prior to a systemic @entity4176 (KA) injection mediated inducible transgene expression in the hippocampus but not in the cerebellum, regions, respectively, known to be affected or not by the pathology. However, such a focal approach relies on previous knowledge of the model parameters and does not allow to predict the whole brain response to the disease. Global brain gene delivery would allow to predict the regional distribution of the pathology as well as to deliver therapeutic factors in all affected brain regions. We show that self-complementary @entity4700 /9 (scAAV2/9) delivery in the adult @entity35 cisterna magna allows a widespread but not homogenous transduction of the brain. Indeed, superficial regions, i.e., cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum were more efficiently transduced than deeper regions, such as striatum, and substantia nigra. These data suggest that viral particles penetration from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain is a limiting factor. Interestingly, @entity4700 /9-2YF a rationally designed capsid mutant (affecting surface tyrosines) increased gene transfer efficiency approximately fivefold. Neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, but not microglia, were transduced in varying proportions depending on the brain region and the type of capsid. Finally, after a single intracisternal injection of scAAV2/9-2YF using the NFkB-inducible promoter, KA treatment induced transgene expression in the hippocampus and cortex but not in the cerebellum, corresponding to the expression of the @entity9536 marker of microglial activation. These data support the use of disease-inducible vectors administered in the cisterna magna as a tool to characterize the brain pathology in systemic drug-induced or @entity66 models. However, further improvements are required to enhance viral particles penetration into the brain.

title: Intracisternal delivery of NFkB-inducible scAAV2/9 reveals locoregional neuroinflammation induced by systemic XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['transgenic disease']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainic acid']


abstract: @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) is an @entity74 leading to the loss inter alia of @entity50120 positive medium spiny projection neurons ("MSNs") in the striatum. There is no known cure for @entity2033 but the relative specificity of cell loss early in the disease has made cell replacement by neural transplantation an attractive therapeutic possibility. Transplantation of @entity1 fetal striatal precursor cells has shown "proof-of-principle" in clinical trials; however, the practical and ethical difficulties associated with sourcing fetal tissues have stimulated the need to identify alternative source(s) of donor cells that are more readily available and more suitable for standardization. We now have available the first generation of protocols to generate @entity50120 positive @entity20037 -like neurons from pluripotent stem cells and these have been successfully grafted into animal models of @entity2033 . However, whether these grafts can provide stable functional recovery to the level that can regularly be achieved with primary fetal striatal grafts remains to be demonstrated. Of particular concern, primary fetal striatal grafts are not homogenous; they contain not only the @entity20037 subpopulation of striatal projection neurons but also include all the different cell types that make up the mature striatum, such as the multiple populations of striatal interneurons and striatal glia, and which certainly contribute to normal striatal function. By contrast, present protocols for pluripotent stem cell differentiation are almost entirely targeted at specifying just neurons of an @entity20037 lineage. So far, evidence for the functionality and integration of stem-cell derived grafts is correspondingly limited. Indeed, consideration of the features of full striatal reconstruction that is achieved with primary fetal striatal grafts suggests that optimal success of the next generations of stem cell-derived replacement therapy in @entity2033 will require that graft protocols be developed to allow inclusion of multiple striatal cell types, such as interneurons and/or glia. Almost certainly, therefore, more sophisticated differentiation protocols will be necessary, over and above replacement of a specific population of MSNs. A rational solution to this technical challenge requires that we re-address the underlying question-what constitutes a functional striatal graft?

title: Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into striatal projection neurons: a pure XXXX fate may not be sufficient.

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant inherited disorder']

answer: @entity20037 :: (4478,Gene) :: ['MSN']


abstract: Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have shown that facial recognition and emotional expressions are dissociable. However, it is unknown if a single system supports the processing of emotional and non-emotional facial expressions. We aimed to understand if individuals with impairment in face recognition from birth ( @entity15086 , @entity2723 ) can use non-emotional facial expressions to recognize a face as an already seen one, and thus, process this facial dimension independently from features (which are impaired in @entity2723 ), and basic emotional expressions. To this end, we carried out a behavioral study in which we compared the performance of 6 @entity2723 individuals to that of typical development individuals, using upright and inverted faces. Four avatar faces with a neutral expression were presented in the initial phase. The target faces presented in the recognition phase, in which a recognition task was requested (2AFC paradigm), could be identical (neutral) to those of the initial phase or present biologically plausible changes to features, non-emotional expressions, or emotional expressions. After this task, a second task was performed, in which the @entity1 had to detect whether or not the recognized face exactly matched the study face or showed any difference. The results confirmed the CPs' impairment in the configural processing of the invariant aspects of the face, but also showed a spared configural processing of non-emotional facial expression ( @entity43113 ). Interestingly and unlike the non-emotional expressions, the configural processing of emotional expressions was compromised in CPs and did not improve their change detection ability ( @entity26686 ). These new results have theoretical implications for face perception models since they suggest that, at least in CPs, non-emotional expressions are processed configurally, can be dissociated from other facial dimensions, and may serve as a compensatory strategy to achieve face recognition.

title: Behavioral dissociation between emotional and non-emotional facial expressions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity15086 :: ('MESH:C537242', 'Disease') :: ['congenital prosopagnosia']

answer: @entity15086 :: (MESH:C537242,Disease) :: ['congenital prosopagnosia']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate airway dysfunction in relation to duration of disease in @entity1 with @entity10070 for less than two years. Twenty four subjects with @entity66 were compared with nine subjects with disease of more than two years' duration. They underwent lung function testing (lung volumes, lung transfer factor for CO and pulmonary mechanics). Small airway function was assessed using frequency dependence of compliance, closing volume, @entity1568 single breath test and flow-volume curves breathing air and helium- @entity26 mixture. @entity409 was seen in @entity10070 even in some @entity1 with @entity66 and it became more evident in disease of longer duration. The results suggest small airway involvement. The frequency of airway dysfunction is difficult to evaluate, varying from estimates of 0% using flow-volume curves to 79% with frequency dependence of compliance. This apparent discrepancy could be explained by the consequences of parenchymal involvement leading to inhomogeneities in distribution of compliance, and of elastic lung recoil. We conclude that @entity1 with recent @entity370 are probably affected by @entity1565 , but an increase in elastic recoil often conceals its consequences. The @entity1030 may not be apparent using conventional function tests and published predicted values.

title: Respiratory function in recent XXXX with special reference to small airways.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recent disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Airway dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1565 :: ('MESH:D056151', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic small airway disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity10070 :: (MESH:D017565,Disease) :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']