abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the age and sex distribution, timing, causes, geographical location, and nature of @entity8494 in the UK and to determine the association of these factors with @entity167 consumption by the @entity1 or any other involved @entity1 . DESIGN: A 12-section proforma was completed on all @entity1 with @entity8494 covering their age and sex, time and day of injury and presentation, the cause and @entity130 and where it occurred, the treatment the @entity1 received, any other injuries, and @entity167 consumption by the @entity1 and any other involved @entity1 . The total attendances for the study week and the catchment population for each A_E department were recorded. SETTING: 163 of the A_E departments in the UK served by 137 of the UK's oral and maxillofacial departments. SUBJECTS: All @entity1 who presented with @entity8494 to these 163 A_E departments in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland over the study week from 09.00 hours on Friday 12 September 1997 to 08.59 hours on Friday 19th September 1997. RESULTS: 6114 @entity1 with @entity8494 presented over the week, out of a total of 152,692 A_E attendances. The male:female ratio was 68:32. This rose to 79:21 in assault cases. The mean age of all @entity1 was 25.3 years, of males 23.2 years, and of females 29.8 years. Forty per cent of the @entity8494 were caused by falls. A large proportion of these happened to the under-5 age group in the home. Eleven per cent of all falls were associated with @entity167 consumption. Twenty-four per cent of the @entity8494 were caused by assault. The commonest sites for assault were the street followed by public drinking establishments. More @entity1 than @entity1 were assaulted at home. Fifty-five per cent of assaults were related to @entity167 consumption. Eight per cent of assaults were with bottles or glasses. Five per cent of the @entity8494 occurred in road traffic accidents (RTAs). Fifteen per cent of @entity6093 victims had consumed @entity167 . The 15-25 age group suffered the greatest number of @entity8494 caused by assault and RTAs and had the highest number associated with @entity167 consumption. At least 22% of all the @entity8494 in all age groups were related to @entity167 consumption within 4 hours of the injury. In the over 15 age groups, @entity167 consumption was associated with 90% of @entity8494 occurring in bars, 45% on the street, and 25% in the home. Assault, @entity6093 and @entity167 consumption conveyed an increased risk of serious @entity8494 . CONCLUSIONS: Campaigns should be instituted to educate young @entity1 about the link between excessive @entity167 consumption, assault, road traffic accidents and serious @entity8494 .

title: The BAOMS United Kingdom survey of XXXX part 1: aetiology and the association with @entity167 consumption. British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

answer: @entity8494 :: (MESH:D005151,Disease) :: ['facial injuries']


abstract: Network oscillations in the gamma-frequency band (20-100 Hz) may have a central role in the timing and coordination of neural activity in the adult brain, yet their appearance in the course of development has remained unexplored. Moreover, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based classification of the vigilance states [ @entity25 ( @entity25 ), quiet sleep (QS), or awake (W)] has been thought to be possible only after the second postnatal week. We now report the presence of spontaneous @entity131 in the area @entity1251 of freely moving @entity35 at postnatal days (P) 5-10. Initially, at P5, the @entity11728 were seen in time-frequency analyses of intrahippocampal EEG recordings as brief (<500 ms) bursts at 20-30 Hz. The early gamma rhythmicity was most pronounced during periods of @entity25 but was occasionally detected also during QS. Toward P10, the @entity11728 gained amplitude and extended also to higher (<or=60 Hz) frequencies. In parallel, the @entity11728 were progressively more and more confined to @entity25 . To further consolidate these findings, we compared amplitude spectra averaged within the behavioral categories. @entity25 was characterized by the appearances of gamma (20-30 Hz) and theta (3-5 Hz) peaks at @entity70590 , respectively. QS, on the other hand, had considerably smoother amplitude distributions between 1 and 100 Hz for P5-P10, with no peaks in gamma or theta bands. Hippocampal gamma rhythm thus seems to hallmark early @entity25 . Our data provide the first in vivo evidence for both the presence and the behavioral correlate of spontaneous @entity11728 in the newborn @entity35 .

title: Postnatal development of XXXX hippocampal gamma rhythm in vivo.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal gamma oscillations']

entities_list: @entity11728 :: ('MESH:D006362', 'Disease') :: ['gamma oscillations']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'active sleep']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In vitro studies using immortalized GT1 cells suggest that hypothalamic astrocytes employ @entity1810 to directly regulate the secretion of @entity1176 , the neurohormone that controls sexual maturation and adult reproductive function. However, whether such astrocyte- @entity1176 neuron signaling occurs in vivo is not clear. In the present study, we used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to determine whether astrocytes and @entity1176 neurons express the molecular components necessary to set in motion communication processes involving @entity1810 signaling. Double-labeling experiments showed that astrocytes in the male @entity35 preoptic region (POA) expressed @entity1810 mRNA and that @entity1176 perikarya were often found in close association with @entity1810 mRNA-expressing cells. In addition, @entity1176 neuronal cell bodies in the POA expressed both type II TGFbeta receptors (TGFbeta-RII), which selectively bind TGFbeta, and @entity22345 , one of the primary transducers of TGFbeta signaling, suggesting that they are fully capable of responding directly to @entity1810 stimulation. Consistent with this hypothesis, incubation of POA explants with @entity1810 caused a significant, dose-dependent decrease in @entity1176 mRNA expression in individual neurons. This effect was observed within 1 h after @entity1810 -treatment and was inhibited by addition of the soluble form of TGFbeta-RII to the incubation medium. In contrast, whereas both @entity1810 and TGFbeta-RII mRNAs were abundantly expressed in both glial cells and capillaries in the median eminence, the projection field of @entity1176 neurons, TGFbeta-RII immunoreactivity was mainly restricted to the processes of tanycytes and did not colocalize with @entity1176 -immunoreactive fibers. This observation supports previous in vivo studies showing that @entity1810 is unable to directly modulate decapeptide release from @entity1176 nerve terminals. Thus, astrocyte-derived @entity1810 may directly influence @entity1176 expression and/or secretion in vivo by acting on the perikarya, but not the terminals, of @entity1176 neurons.

title: XXXX may directly influence gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the @entity35 hypothalamus.

answer: @entity1810 :: (59086(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Transforming growth factor beta1']


abstract: In vitro studies using immortalized GT1 cells suggest that hypothalamic astrocytes employ @entity1810 to directly regulate the secretion of @entity1176 , the neurohormone that controls sexual maturation and adult reproductive function. However, whether such astrocyte- @entity1176 neuron signaling occurs in vivo is not clear. In the present study, we used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to determine whether astrocytes and @entity1176 neurons express the molecular components necessary to set in motion communication processes involving @entity1810 signaling. Double-labeling experiments showed that astrocytes in the male @entity35 preoptic region (POA) expressed @entity1810 mRNA and that @entity1176 perikarya were often found in close association with @entity1810 mRNA-expressing cells. In addition, @entity1176 neuronal cell bodies in the POA expressed both type II TGFbeta receptors (TGFbeta-RII), which selectively bind TGFbeta, and @entity22345 , one of the primary transducers of TGFbeta signaling, suggesting that they are fully capable of responding directly to @entity1810 stimulation. Consistent with this hypothesis, incubation of POA explants with @entity1810 caused a significant, dose-dependent decrease in @entity1176 mRNA expression in individual neurons. This effect was observed within 1 h after @entity1810 -treatment and was inhibited by addition of the soluble form of TGFbeta-RII to the incubation medium. In contrast, whereas both @entity1810 and TGFbeta-RII mRNAs were abundantly expressed in both glial cells and capillaries in the median eminence, the projection field of @entity1176 neurons, TGFbeta-RII immunoreactivity was mainly restricted to the processes of tanycytes and did not colocalize with @entity1176 -immunoreactive fibers. This observation supports previous in vivo studies showing that @entity1810 is unable to directly modulate decapeptide release from @entity1176 nerve terminals. Thus, astrocyte-derived @entity1810 may directly influence @entity1176 expression and/or secretion in vivo by acting on the perikarya, but not the terminals, of @entity1176 neurons.

title: @entity1810 may directly influence gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the XXXX hypothalamus.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS: To study the possible work related reasons for the increased incidence of many @entity5 among seafarers. METHODS: A case-control study, nested in a cohort of all male seafarers (n = 30 940) who, according to the files of the Seamen's Pension Fund, had worked on board Finnish ships for any time during the period 1960-80. Cases of @entity703 , @entity1778 , @entity706 , and all cases histologically defined as @entity2615 were identified from the Finnish @entity5 Registry in 1967-92. The preceding numbers of years at sea in various occupational categories were collected according to the type of @entity2708 (dry cargo @entity2708 , tanker, passenger vessel, icebreaker, other vessel). RESULTS: The incidence for @entity2 among engine crew increased with the increase in employment time, the odds ratio (OR) after three years being 1.68 (95% CI 1.17 to 2.41). The OR of @entity2 for deck officers was 0.42 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.61). Deck personnel on icebreakers had a significantly increased risk of @entity2 > or =20 years after first employment (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.23 to 9.49). The OR for @entity2615 among engine crew with a latency of 20 years was 9.75 (95% CI 1.88 to 50.6). The OR for @entity703 among deck officers after three years employment was 2.15 (95% CI 1.14 to 4.08), but there was no increase by employment time or by latency. A rise of OR for @entity706 was detected among deck personnel on tankers, if the employment had lasted over three years (OR 2.78, 95% CI 0.98 to 7.92). The risk pattern for @entity1778 was similar to that of @entity706 , the OR among deck personnel on tankers varying from 2.26 (95% CI 1.01 to 5.06) to 6.86 (95% CI 1.62 to 28.8) depending on the length of employment. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that occupational exposures of deck crews on tankers add to their risk of @entity703 , @entity1778 , and possibly @entity706 . Engine crews have an asbestos related risk of @entity2615 , and the engine room conditions also seem to increase risk of @entity2 .

title: XXXX at sea: a case-control study among male Finnish seafarers.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesotheliomas', 'mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer', 'cancer of the lung, nervous system, kidney, and pancreas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: The biological function of uterine endometrial secretory proteins in the primate remain to be elucidated. In general, during the luteal phase and under @entity1420 dominance, the glandular epithelial cells synthesize and secrete a number of proteins. Of these, placental protein 14 (PP14; now referred to as glycodelin) and @entity21335 ( @entity21335 ) are the best characterized. Although induced by @entity1420 , their synthesis increases exponentially during pregnancy. In the @entity3474 , glycodelin is immunolocalized to the mid functionalis and basal glands between days 10 and 12 post-ovulation. In response to either exogenous or blastocyst-secreted chorionic gonadotrophin, glandular synthesis increases markedly and remains elevated up to days 18-25 of pregnancy. The decrease in glycodelin in the endometrium is associated with glandular regression during the first third of pregnancy. In contrast, @entity21335 is only observed in the deep basal glands during the luteal phase. Following the establishment of pregnancy, @entity21335 synthesis switches from glandular to stromal and is correlated with the process of decidualization. @entity21335 synthesis continues to increase throughout gestation. We propose that glycodelin may have immunosuppressive properties and that @entity21335 may regulate trophoblast migration within the uterine endometrium.

title: Secretory proteins of the XXXX ( @entity3474 ) endometrium: regulation during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity21335 :: ('101026642', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1', 'IGFBP-1']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['baboon']


abstract: The biological function of uterine endometrial secretory proteins in the primate remain to be elucidated. In general, during the luteal phase and under @entity1420 dominance, the glandular epithelial cells synthesize and secrete a number of proteins. Of these, placental protein 14 (PP14; now referred to as glycodelin) and @entity21335 ( @entity21335 ) are the best characterized. Although induced by @entity1420 , their synthesis increases exponentially during pregnancy. In the @entity3474 , glycodelin is immunolocalized to the mid functionalis and basal glands between days 10 and 12 post-ovulation. In response to either exogenous or blastocyst-secreted chorionic gonadotrophin, glandular synthesis increases markedly and remains elevated up to days 18-25 of pregnancy. The decrease in glycodelin in the endometrium is associated with glandular regression during the first third of pregnancy. In contrast, @entity21335 is only observed in the deep basal glands during the luteal phase. Following the establishment of pregnancy, @entity21335 synthesis switches from glandular to stromal and is correlated with the process of decidualization. @entity21335 synthesis continues to increase throughout gestation. We propose that glycodelin may have immunosuppressive properties and that @entity21335 may regulate trophoblast migration within the uterine endometrium.

title: Secretory proteins of the @entity3474 ( XXXX ) endometrium: regulation during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy.

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['Papio anubis']


abstract: The current study evaluated efficacy of the intravenous @entity460 injection test as a new diagnostic approach to clarify the existence of @entity7581 , which often goes undetected with routine testing. Twenty-six @entity1 with hypergastrinemia were studied. For the @entity460 injection test, blood samples were taken from 12 @entity1 with hypergastrinemia (HG), and three healthy volunteers, and one @entity1 with nonfunctioning @entity8703 in the pancreas (control). We compared results of the @entity460 injection test with those of the secretin test and the selective arterial secretagogue injection (SASI) test. The SASI test with @entity11384 was performed in 24 of 26 @entity1 with hypergastrinemia, including 22 of 24 @entity1 with @entity8579 ( @entity8579 ). Accuracy in the diagnosis of @entity5 localization by the SASI test was 95% (21 of 22) in @entity8579 @entity1 . The secretin test was negative in 3 of 21 @entity1 with @entity8579 (14%). Either the secretin test or the SASI test was positive in 22 of 23 @entity1 (96%). The @entity460 injection test was administered to 12 @entity1 in the HG group and 4 controls. The HG group showed significantly higher serum @entity8243 levels than those of the control group in the @entity460 injection test. Eight of 10 @entity8579 @entity1 (80%) had a positive @entity460 injection test. We could diagnose @entity7581 in 100% of @entity8579 @entity1 by either the @entity460 injection test or the secretin test. We have thus confirmed the efficacy of the intravenous @entity460 injection test in the diagnosis of @entity7581 . The @entity460 injection test could become an adjunct in the diagnosis of @entity7581 , which often goes undetected with routine testing.

title: Intravenous @entity460 injection test is a novel complementary procedure in differential diagnosis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome', 'ZES']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma', 'gastrinomas']

answer: @entity7581 :: (MESH:D015408,Disease) :: ['gastrinoma']


abstract: The current study evaluated efficacy of the intravenous @entity460 injection test as a new diagnostic approach to clarify the existence of @entity7581 , which often goes undetected with routine testing. Twenty-six @entity1 with hypergastrinemia were studied. For the @entity460 injection test, blood samples were taken from 12 @entity1 with hypergastrinemia (HG), and three healthy volunteers, and one @entity1 with nonfunctioning @entity8703 in the pancreas (control). We compared results of the @entity460 injection test with those of the secretin test and the selective arterial secretagogue injection (SASI) test. The SASI test with @entity11384 was performed in 24 of 26 @entity1 with hypergastrinemia, including 22 of 24 @entity1 with @entity8579 ( @entity8579 ). Accuracy in the diagnosis of @entity5 localization by the SASI test was 95% (21 of 22) in @entity8579 @entity1 . The secretin test was negative in 3 of 21 @entity1 with @entity8579 (14%). Either the secretin test or the SASI test was positive in 22 of 23 @entity1 (96%). The @entity460 injection test was administered to 12 @entity1 in the HG group and 4 controls. The HG group showed significantly higher serum @entity8243 levels than those of the control group in the @entity460 injection test. Eight of 10 @entity8579 @entity1 (80%) had a positive @entity460 injection test. We could diagnose @entity7581 in 100% of @entity8579 @entity1 by either the @entity460 injection test or the secretin test. We have thus confirmed the efficacy of the intravenous @entity460 injection test in the diagnosis of @entity7581 . The @entity460 injection test could become an adjunct in the diagnosis of @entity7581 , which often goes undetected with routine testing.

title: Intravenous XXXX injection test is a novel complementary procedure in differential diagnosis for @entity7581 .

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify a safe and potentially effective recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor ( @entity6463 ) dose for further clinical evaluation in @entity1 with severe @entity295 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escalation, multicenter, multinational phase II clinical trial. SETTING: Thirty-eight intensive care units in the United States and Europe. @entity1 : Two hundred and ten subjects with severe @entity295 who received standard supportive care and antimicrobial therapy. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects received a continuous intravenous infusion of placebo or @entity6463 at 0.025 or 0.05 mg/kg/hr for 4 days (96 hrs). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There were no significant imbalances in demographics, severity of illness, or source of @entity281 in @entity1 randomized to placebo or either dose of @entity6463 . A 20% relative reduction in 28-day all-cause mortality was observed when all @entity6463 -treated @entity1 were compared with all placebo @entity1 . An improvement in pulmonary organ dysfunction score and in a composite intensive care unit score (pulmonary, cardiovascular, and coagulation) were also noted in the @entity6463 -treated @entity1 . Logistic regression modeling indicated a substantial treatment by baseline laboratory international normalized ratio (INR) interaction effect when only treatment and INR were in the model (p =.037) and when baseline Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) and log10 interleukin 6 were adjusted for (p =.026). This interaction effect indicates that higher baseline INR is associated with a more pronounced beneficial @entity6463 effect. There was no increase in mortality in subjects treated with either dose of @entity6463 compared with placebo. Biological activity, as detected by a statistically significant reduction in thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TATc), was noted in the all @entity6463 -treated @entity1 compared with those receiving placebo. There were no major imbalances across all treatment groups with respect to safety. The frequency of adverse events (AEs) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) was similar among the treatment groups, with a slight increase in @entity137 and @entity137 involving @entity548 in the 0.05 mg/kg/hr @entity6463 group. The overall incidence of AEs involving @entity548 was 28% of @entity1 in the all placebo group and 23% of @entity1 in the all @entity6463 -treated group; a slight but statistically insignificant increase in incidence of @entity137 involving @entity548 was observed in the all @entity6463 group (9%) as compared with the all placebo group (6%; p =.39). CONCLUSIONS: Although the trial was not powered to show efficacy, a trend toward reduction in 28-day all-cause mortality was observed in the all @entity6463 group compared with all placebo. This study demonstrates that @entity6463 doses of 0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg/hr could be safely administered to severe @entity295 @entity1 . Additionally, @entity6463 demonstrated bioactivity, as shown by reduction in TATc complexes and @entity650 levels. These findings warrant further evaluation of @entity6463 in an adequately powered, placebo controlled, randomized trial for the treatment of severe @entity295 .

title: Assessment of the safety of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor in @entity1 with severe XXXX : a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, dose escalation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['severe adverse events', 'SAEs']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify a safe and potentially effective recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor ( @entity6463 ) dose for further clinical evaluation in @entity1 with severe @entity295 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escalation, multicenter, multinational phase II clinical trial. SETTING: Thirty-eight intensive care units in the United States and Europe. @entity1 : Two hundred and ten subjects with severe @entity295 who received standard supportive care and antimicrobial therapy. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects received a continuous intravenous infusion of placebo or @entity6463 at 0.025 or 0.05 mg/kg/hr for 4 days (96 hrs). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There were no significant imbalances in demographics, severity of illness, or source of @entity281 in @entity1 randomized to placebo or either dose of @entity6463 . A 20% relative reduction in 28-day all-cause mortality was observed when all @entity6463 -treated @entity1 were compared with all placebo @entity1 . An improvement in pulmonary organ dysfunction score and in a composite intensive care unit score (pulmonary, cardiovascular, and coagulation) were also noted in the @entity6463 -treated @entity1 . Logistic regression modeling indicated a substantial treatment by baseline laboratory international normalized ratio (INR) interaction effect when only treatment and INR were in the model (p =.037) and when baseline Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) and log10 interleukin 6 were adjusted for (p =.026). This interaction effect indicates that higher baseline INR is associated with a more pronounced beneficial @entity6463 effect. There was no increase in mortality in subjects treated with either dose of @entity6463 compared with placebo. Biological activity, as detected by a statistically significant reduction in thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TATc), was noted in the all @entity6463 -treated @entity1 compared with those receiving placebo. There were no major imbalances across all treatment groups with respect to safety. The frequency of adverse events (AEs) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) was similar among the treatment groups, with a slight increase in @entity137 and @entity137 involving @entity548 in the 0.05 mg/kg/hr @entity6463 group. The overall incidence of AEs involving @entity548 was 28% of @entity1 in the all placebo group and 23% of @entity1 in the all @entity6463 -treated group; a slight but statistically insignificant increase in incidence of @entity137 involving @entity548 was observed in the all @entity6463 group (9%) as compared with the all placebo group (6%; p =.39). CONCLUSIONS: Although the trial was not powered to show efficacy, a trend toward reduction in 28-day all-cause mortality was observed in the all @entity6463 group compared with all placebo. This study demonstrates that @entity6463 doses of 0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg/hr could be safely administered to severe @entity295 @entity1 . Additionally, @entity6463 demonstrated bioactivity, as shown by reduction in TATc complexes and @entity650 levels. These findings warrant further evaluation of @entity6463 in an adequately powered, placebo controlled, randomized trial for the treatment of severe @entity295 .

title: Assessment of the safety of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor in XXXX with severe @entity295 : a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, dose escalation study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity209 involves multiple and interactive effects of genes and environmental factors. To identify chromosomal regions encoding genes possibly predisposing to the @entity209 , we performed a genome-wide scan with 456 white and 217 black @entity1 from 204 nuclear families of the HERITAGE Family Study, using regression-based, single- and multipoint linkage analyses on 509 markers. A principal component analysis was performed on 7 @entity209 -related phenotypes. Two principal components, @entity13704 and @entity25900 (55% of the variance), were used as @entity209 phenotypes. ANOVA was used to quantify the familial aggregation of @entity13704 and @entity25900 . Family membership contributed significantly (P < 0.0023) to the variance in @entity13704 (r(2) = 0.38 in whites; r(2) = 0.55 in blacks) and @entity25900 (r(2) = 0.51; r(2) = 0.48). In whites, promising evidence for linkage (P < 0.0023) was found for @entity13704 (2 markers on 10p11.2) and @entity25900 (a marker on 19q13.4). Suggestive evidence of linkage (0.01 > P > 0.0023) appeared for @entity13704 (1q41 and 9p13.1) and @entity25900 (2p22.3). In blacks, promising linkage was found for @entity25900 on 1p34.1, and suggestive linkage was found on 7q31.3 and 9q21.1. The genome-wide scan revealed evidence for quantitative trait loci on chromosomal regions that have been previously linked with individual @entity65 and @entity164 2 @entity6 risk factors. Some of these chromosomal regions harbor promising potential candidate genes.

title: Genome-wide linkage scan for the XXXX in the HERITAGE Family Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adequate proximal neck length is important for proper endovascular treatment of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). Placement of endografts in @entity1028 with relatively short proximal necks may require covering the origin of accessory renal arteries. Exclusion of these arteries carries the theoretical concern of regional @entity8 associated with loss of parenchyma or worsening @entity101 . We reviewed our experience with accessory renal exclusions during @entity11557 repair to determine the frequency and severity of complications. METHODS: Complete records were available for review on 311 of 325 consecutive @entity1 treated with endovascular grafts for @entity1028 from February 6, 1996, to March 15, 2001. The presence of accessory renal arteries was ascertained from preoperative/intraoperative aortography or from computed tomographic scanning. Sizes of the accessories were measured by using the main renal arteries as a reference. Considerations for excluding the accessory renal arteries were based on the likelihood of successful proximal attachment to healthy aorta, an accessory vessel whose size does not exceed the diameter of the main renal artery, and the absence of @entity8 . RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 11.5 months. Fifty-two accessory renal arteries were documented in 37 @entity1 (12%), ranging from 1 to > or =3 per @entity1 . Of these, 26 accessory renal arteries were covered in 24 @entity1 . @entity1 ranged in age from 57 to 85 years (mean, 74.1 years), with 20 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 . The Ancure device was used in 23 @entity1 and the Excluder device in one. Of the accessories excluded, 22 originated above the @entity439 and 4 originated directly from the @entity439 itself. There were no perioperative mortalities. One @entity1 died 5 months after surgery from an unrelated condition. There was one type I (distal) endoleak and no @entity1070 . Five @entity1 (21%) had @entity1188 associated with the side of @entity8 . Only one @entity1 with segmental @entity1188 had significant postoperative @entity101 that resulted in changes in blood pressure medication. The blood pressure reverted to normal 3 months later. One @entity1 with a stenotic left main renal artery required exclusion of the @entity8 for successful proximal attachment. Serum @entity1011 levels remained unchanged throughout follow-up in all but one @entity1 , in whom progressive @entity177 developed despite normal renal flow scan, presumably from intraoperative manipulation and contrast @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Exclusion of accessory renal arteries to facilitate @entity11557 repair appears to be well tolerated. Long-term sequelae seem infrequent and mild.

title: Exclusion of accessory renal arteries during endovascular repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal ischemia', 'accessory renal artery exclusion', 'accessory renal artery', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity11557 :: ('MESH:C565230', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular AAA']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type II endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'segmental renal infarction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: Endovascular repair of @entity439 may be limited by extension of the @entity439 to the iliac bifurcation, necessitating endpoint implantation in the external iliac artery. In such cases the circulation to the internal iliac artery is interrupted. Bilateral internal iliac artery occlusion during endovascular repair may be associated with significant morbidity, including @entity613 , @entity323 , and @entity63 of the sigmoid colon and perineum. We have employed internal iliac artery revascularization (IIR) to allow endograft implantation in the external iliac artery while preserving flow to the internal iliac artery in @entity1 with @entity439 involving the iliac bifurcation bilaterally. METHODS: A total of 11 IIR procedures were performed in 10 @entity1 undergoing @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair (9 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ; mean age, 74 years). IIR was accomplished via a retroinguinal incision in 9 cases and a retroperitoneal incision in 2 cases. Six-mm polyester grafts were used for external-to-internal iliac artery bypass in 10 cases and internal iliac artery transposition onto the external iliac artery was used in one case. @entity1028 repair was performed using a modular bifurcated device (Talent-LPS, Medtronics, Minneapolis, Minn) after IIR. Bypass graft patency was determined immediately after the surgery, at 1 month, and every 3 months thereafter, using duplex ultrasound scanning and computed-tomography angiography. Mean @entity439 diameters were as follows: @entity1028 , 6.4 +/- 0.7 cm; ipsilateral common iliac, 3.7 +/- 1.0 cm; contralateral common iliac, 3.9 +/- 0.8 cm. RESULTS: Successful IIR and @entity1028 repair were accomplished in all cases. No proximal, distal, or graft junction @entity1070 occurred. Two @entity1 demonstrated retrograde @entity439 originating from the lumbar arteries. One thrombosed spontaneously within 3 months. One perioperative @entity583 occurred. Reduction in @entity439 size was documented in 5 aortic, 5 ipsilateral iliac, and 3 contralateral @entity1029 . @entity613 , @entity323 , @entity63 , and mortality did not occur. All IIRs have remained patent during a follow-up period of 4 to 15 months (mean, 10.1 months). CONCLUSIONS: IIR may be used with good short-term to intermediate-term patency to prevent @entity63 in @entity1 whose @entity439 anatomy requires extension of the endograft into the external iliac artery. This may allow @entity1028 repair to be performed in @entity1 who might otherwise be at risk for developing complications associated with bilateral internal iliac artery occlusion.

title: Internal iliac artery revascularization as an adjunct to endovascular repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['colon and perineal ischemia', 'pelvic ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm side-branch endoleaks', 'aortoiliac aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['Gluteal claudication', 'gluteal claudication']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['iliac aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular AAA', 'endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'Endovascular AAA', 'AAA']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aortoiliac aneurysms']


abstract: After ovulation, ovarian @entity1816 dehydrogenase type II ( @entity39255 ) expression increases to enhance the shift of steroidogenesis toward @entity1420 biosynthesis. @entity25626 ) is a transcription factor for several genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes. However, the level of @entity25626 expression decreases in the @entity1 corpus luteum (CL) after ovulation. @entity2538 ( @entity2538 ) is another member of the orphan nuclear receptor family. We hypothesize that @entity2538 , rather than @entity25626 , plays an essential role in the regulation of corpus luteum steroidogenesis. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR were performed to quantify the level of @entity2538 expression and correlate with @entity39255 level. Cell transfection, mutation analysis, and EMSA were performed to examine the role of @entity2538 in the regulation of @entity39255 . @entity2538 expression was higher in CL, compared with mature ovarian follicles. Cotransfection of granulosa cells with @entity39255 and @entity2538 resulted in a 10-fold increase of transcription. @entity2539 inhibited @entity2538 -stimulated @entity39255 , which was maintained in the presence of @entity8279 . Mutation of the either of the two putative @entity2538 binding sites, which were confirmed by EMSA, in the @entity39255 promoter decreased @entity2538 stimulation. Our findings suggest that @entity2538 is highly expressed in CL, and it plays an essential role in the regulation of @entity39255 .

title: The role of the orphan nuclear receptor, liver receptor homologue-1, in the regulation of @entity1 corpus luteum XXXX dehydrogenase type II.

entities_list: @entity2538 :: ('2494', 'Gene') :: ['Liver receptor homolog-1', 'LRH-1']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

answer: @entity1816 :: (CHEBI:36836,Chemical) :: ['3beta-hydroxysteroid']


abstract: After ovulation, ovarian @entity1816 dehydrogenase type II ( @entity39255 ) expression increases to enhance the shift of steroidogenesis toward @entity1420 biosynthesis. @entity25626 ) is a transcription factor for several genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes. However, the level of @entity25626 expression decreases in the @entity1 corpus luteum (CL) after ovulation. @entity2538 ( @entity2538 ) is another member of the orphan nuclear receptor family. We hypothesize that @entity2538 , rather than @entity25626 , plays an essential role in the regulation of corpus luteum steroidogenesis. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR were performed to quantify the level of @entity2538 expression and correlate with @entity39255 level. Cell transfection, mutation analysis, and EMSA were performed to examine the role of @entity2538 in the regulation of @entity39255 . @entity2538 expression was higher in CL, compared with mature ovarian follicles. Cotransfection of granulosa cells with @entity39255 and @entity2538 resulted in a 10-fold increase of transcription. @entity2539 inhibited @entity2538 -stimulated @entity39255 , which was maintained in the presence of @entity8279 . Mutation of the either of the two putative @entity2538 binding sites, which were confirmed by EMSA, in the @entity39255 promoter decreased @entity2538 stimulation. Our findings suggest that @entity2538 is highly expressed in CL, and it plays an essential role in the regulation of @entity39255 .

title: The role of the orphan nuclear receptor, liver receptor homologue-1, in the regulation of XXXX corpus luteum @entity1816 dehydrogenase type II.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study investigated response rate, @entity137 , and influence on intra- and postoperative complications of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation in locally advanced (Figo @entity3847 ) cervical @entity189 . Twenty-eight @entity1 (median age 46.5 years, age range 29-73 years), diagnosed as having @entity957 (n=21), @entity420 (n=6), and undifferentiated @entity189 (n=1), entered this study. The chemoradiation protocol included external radiotherapy to the pelvis (39.6 Gy), intra-arterial or intravenous infusion of @entity900 (70 mg/m2 on days 1 and 22), and 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion of @entity1487 (700 mg/m2 on days 1-4 and 22-25). Two weeks after the end of chemoradiotherapy, the @entity1 underwent restaging followed by suitable operation including pelvic lymphadenectomy. The median follow-up period in the surviving @entity1 was 13.1 months. The response rate for chemoradiation was 93% (26/28). The 2-year disease free survival was 85.2%. Grade 3-4 @entity1398 was observed in 14 @entity1 (50%), 4 @entity1 (14%) showed grade 3 @entity417 , and 5 @entity1 (17.8%) showed grade 3-4 @entity882 . Nineteen @entity1 (67.8%) could undergo surgery after concurrent chemoradiation. Pathological examination revealed a complete response (pT0) in 7 @entity1 , and 5 @entity1 showed only microscopic @entity66 (pTmic). In 4 @entity1 , there were intraoperative complications: vesical lesions in 2 (10%) and small intestine lesions in 2 (10%). Neoadjuvant therapy with concurrent chemoradiation for locally advanced @entity2622 is effective, safe, and useful for increasing operability rates as well as @entity260 . Therefore, neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation should be considered for treatment in @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity189 who could not undergo primary operation.

title: Usefulness of preoperative chemoradiation in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['decreasing intra- and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: Conventional transcatheter-based strategies result in good procedural success but poor clinical outcome in the treatment of intracoronary stent @entity715 . A combined approach of mechanical thrombus burden reduction using AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy with adjunctive glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists has not been studied. Between July 1998 and August 2000, 15 @entity1 (17 procedures) underwent AngioJet thrombectomy for stent @entity715 at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. @entity1 were followed clinically through 6 months following the AngioJet procedure. All @entity1 presented with signs of @entity583 at a median of 6 days following the original stenting procedure. Most vessels (88%) were occluded at presentation. A @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor was administered during 16 of the 17 procedures. Rheolytic thrombectomy resulted in complete removal of filling defects in all reviewed cases and led to significant improvement in lumen diameter and TIMI flow with reduction in the @entity5892 length (all P values < 0.05). Angiographic success (< 30% residual stenosis, TIMI 3 flow) was attained in all but one procedure. No @entity1 required emergent coronary bypass grafting, repeat coronary angioplasty, or died in-hospital. At 6 months, there were no deaths and repeat revascularization was performed in four @entity1 (29%). A combined approach of rheolytic thrombectomy with adjunctive @entity1427 /IIIa blockade was highly effective in resolving stent @entity715 and was associated with favorable acute and long-term outcomes.

title: Rheolytic thrombectomy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade for stent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The gross extent of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is a recognized risk factor for the development of @entity1960 and @entity14 ( @entity14 ). The risk of @entity5 associated with the microscopic extent of @entity1960 is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the gross and microscopic extent of @entity1960 in @entity1 with @entity31 -related @entity1141 / @entity14 . METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent colectomy at our institution between 1992-2001 with @entity1960 / @entity14 were identified. Histological sections from each colectomy specimen were reviewed for the microscopic extent of @entity1960 and the location of all lesions with @entity1141 / @entity14 . RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity1960 / @entity14 were identified of whom 30 had slides available for review. Gross pancolitis was identified in 19 @entity1 , though microscopic pancolitis was evident in all 30 @entity1 . Among the 11 @entity1 with only distal gross @entity1960 , 4/15 @entity1313 were proximal to the area of gross involvement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity31 -related @entity5 can occur in areas of the colon not grossly involved with @entity1960 , though it did not occur in any @entity1 without microscopic pancolitis. To devise rational @entity5 surveillance guidelines, further studies are needed to determine the risk of @entity1960 in @entity1 with microscopic pancolitis but limited gross disease.

title: Gross versus microscopic pancolitis and the occurrence of @entity5 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis-related dysplasia', 'colitis', 'colitis-related neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The gross extent of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is a recognized risk factor for the development of @entity1960 and @entity14 ( @entity14 ). The risk of @entity5 associated with the microscopic extent of @entity1960 is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the gross and microscopic extent of @entity1960 in @entity1 with @entity31 -related @entity1141 / @entity14 . METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent colectomy at our institution between 1992-2001 with @entity1960 / @entity14 were identified. Histological sections from each colectomy specimen were reviewed for the microscopic extent of @entity1960 and the location of all lesions with @entity1141 / @entity14 . RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity1960 / @entity14 were identified of whom 30 had slides available for review. Gross pancolitis was identified in 19 @entity1 , though microscopic pancolitis was evident in all 30 @entity1 . Among the 11 @entity1 with only distal gross @entity1960 , 4/15 @entity1313 were proximal to the area of gross involvement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity31 -related @entity5 can occur in areas of the colon not grossly involved with @entity1960 , though it did not occur in any @entity1 without microscopic pancolitis. To devise rational @entity5 surveillance guidelines, further studies are needed to determine the risk of @entity1960 in @entity1 with microscopic pancolitis but limited gross disease.

title: Gross versus microscopic pancolitis and the occurrence of XXXX in @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: A prospective arthroscopic study was conducted on 31 @entity1 with an acute first-time @entity2065 (AFASD). The @entity1 were aged between 16 and 39 years. The mean age was 24 years. None had a history of shoulder problems. All were evaluated after 1, 2, and 5 years. The Constant score, Rowe score, recurrence rate, and instability rate were evaluated, as well as @entity1 satisfaction and sports participation. We conclude that after a prolonged follow-up, an increase in the instability rate in young @entity1 with AFASD may become apparent. The overall instability rate was 55% (17/31) after 5-year follow-up. In @entity1 aged younger than 18 years the instability rate was 71% (5/7). Age was the only predictive factor in shoulder instability. The mean Rowe score was 87 (range, 57-100; SD, 14). Three @entity1 had undergone a stabilization operation at the 5-year follow-up. The intraarticular pathology found at arthroscopy was not predictive of shoulder instability. We could not find a correlation between sporting activities and shoulder instability. On the basis of our results, it appears unlikely that arthroscopic lavage reduces redislocation rates after AFASD in the young @entity1 .

title: A prospective arthroscopic study of acute first-time XXXX in the young: a five-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['anterior shoulder dislocation']

answer: @entity2065 :: (MESH:D012783,Disease) :: ['anterior shoulder dislocation']


abstract: We assessed the value of postoperative plasma @entity701 concentrations to predict cure and recurrence of @entity699 after @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ). Seventy-eight of 80 consecutive @entity1 treated by @entity1104 for @entity699 were evaluated. @entity1104 cured 72% (n = 56) of the @entity1 . Two weeks after surgery, @entity1 with plasma @entity701 levels below 138 nmol/liter (n = 50; three macroadenomas) and eight (27%) of 30 @entity1 (nine macroadenomas) with @entity701 greater than 138 nmol/liter were cured. Six (five with a macroadenoma) of these eight @entity1 had @entity701 values less than 50 nmol/liter 3 months after surgery. Therefore, the optimal cut-off value of @entity701 predicting remission was 138 nmol/liter, measured 3 months after surgery (positive and negative predictive values 87 and 90%, respectively). Five @entity1 (9%) had recurrent @entity699 during a median follow-up of 7 yr. Recurrence occurred in four of 24 (17%) @entity1 with a follow-up of more than 10 yr. Therefore, @entity701 levels above 138 nmol/liter, obtained 2 wk after @entity1104 , should be repeated, because they do not predict persistent @entity699 in 27% of those @entity1 . Postoperative @entity701 levels do not positively predict recurrence of disease during long-term follow-up of initially cured @entity1 .

title: Long-term predictive value of postsurgical @entity701 concentrations for cure and risk of recurrence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['transsphenoidal surgery', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: We assessed the value of postoperative plasma @entity701 concentrations to predict cure and recurrence of @entity699 after @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ). Seventy-eight of 80 consecutive @entity1 treated by @entity1104 for @entity699 were evaluated. @entity1104 cured 72% (n = 56) of the @entity1 . Two weeks after surgery, @entity1 with plasma @entity701 levels below 138 nmol/liter (n = 50; three macroadenomas) and eight (27%) of 30 @entity1 (nine macroadenomas) with @entity701 greater than 138 nmol/liter were cured. Six (five with a macroadenoma) of these eight @entity1 had @entity701 values less than 50 nmol/liter 3 months after surgery. Therefore, the optimal cut-off value of @entity701 predicting remission was 138 nmol/liter, measured 3 months after surgery (positive and negative predictive values 87 and 90%, respectively). Five @entity1 (9%) had recurrent @entity699 during a median follow-up of 7 yr. Recurrence occurred in four of 24 (17%) @entity1 with a follow-up of more than 10 yr. Therefore, @entity701 levels above 138 nmol/liter, obtained 2 wk after @entity1104 , should be repeated, because they do not predict persistent @entity699 in 27% of those @entity1 . Postoperative @entity701 levels do not positively predict recurrence of disease during long-term follow-up of initially cured @entity1 .

title: Long-term predictive value of postsurgical XXXX concentrations for cure and risk of recurrence in @entity699 .

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: The expression of inhibin subunits in the testes of the G  ttingen miniature @entity1707 was examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the major forms were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Strong positive immunostaining for the @entity70591 was observed in Sertoli and late-stage germ cells, but it was weak in Leydig cells. However, Leydig cells showed strong positive staining for the betaA subunit, but Sertoli cells and spermatogonia showed a weak reaction. Strong positive immunostaining for the betaB subunit was observed in Leydig cells but spermatogonia showed weak staining for it. In contrast to the staining specificity of @entity70591 and betaA subunits, the betaB subunit did not exhibit positive staining in Sertoli cells. In situ hybridization revealed that although the a subunit mRNA signal was highly expressed in all cell types, the reaction appeared to be stronger in Sertoli cells and spermatogonia than in Leydig cells. betaA subunit mRNA expression was somewhat identical to that of the alpha subunit, however, germ cells showed a weak stain for it. A strong, positive mRNA signal for the betaB subunit was confined to Leydig cells and late-stage germ cells. ELISA results showed that concentrations of @entity25086 and inhibin pro-alphaC were high in the circulation and testes. In contrast, @entity70591 levels in both plasma and testes were undetectable. The present results strongly suggest that inhibin B is the major form of circulating inhibin and that Leydig cells are the predominant source of this dimeric inhibin in male G  ttingen miniature @entity1707 . Furthermore, the germ cells also appear to be an important source of circulating inhibins.

title: Inhibins in the male G  ttingen miniature XXXX : Leydig cells are the predominant source of inhibin B.

entities_list: @entity70591 :: ('397386(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['inhibin alpha subunit', 'inhibin alpha', 'inhibin A']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: @entity1246 is the major neurotransmitter used in the globus pallidus and there is evidence that @entity1246 (B) receptors exist in this nucleus. Here we show that unilateral microinjection of @entity1772 , a @entity1246 (B) receptor agonist, induced ipsilateral turning in @entity35 . This effect was prevented by preinjection of the @entity1246 (B) receptor antagonist @entity7234 , which itself did not cause rotation. Thus, activation of @entity1246 (B) receptor may suppress the activity of globus pallidus neurons, which is in line with the finding that the @entity2227 receptor antagonists @entity12780 and @entity1023 also caused similar ipsilateral turning when injected into globus pallidus. Furthermore, in the presence of these @entity2227 receptor antagonists, injection of @entity1772 resulted in fewer rotations. To test the possibility that @entity1772 reduced @entity2227 release onto globus pallidus neurons, the effects of @entity1772 on miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents were studied in @entity35 brain slices. Patch-clamp recordings showed that @entity1772 at 30 microM significantly reduced the frequency of the miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. However, @entity1772 induced a weak outward current only in a minority of globus pallidus neurons. These pre- and postsynaptic effects of @entity1772 were reversed or prevented by @entity7234 . These results suggest that @entity1246 (B) receptor in globus pallidus plays an important role in the regulation of movement by modulating glutamatergic inputs at a presynaptic site.

title: Rotational behavior and electrophysiological effects induced by XXXX (B) receptor activation in @entity35 globus pallidus.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity12780 :: ('CHEBI:138644', 'Chemical') :: ['(+/-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1023 :: ('MESH:D018750', 'Chemical') :: ['6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: @entity1246 is the major neurotransmitter used in the globus pallidus and there is evidence that @entity1246 (B) receptors exist in this nucleus. Here we show that unilateral microinjection of @entity1772 , a @entity1246 (B) receptor agonist, induced ipsilateral turning in @entity35 . This effect was prevented by preinjection of the @entity1246 (B) receptor antagonist @entity7234 , which itself did not cause rotation. Thus, activation of @entity1246 (B) receptor may suppress the activity of globus pallidus neurons, which is in line with the finding that the @entity2227 receptor antagonists @entity12780 and @entity1023 also caused similar ipsilateral turning when injected into globus pallidus. Furthermore, in the presence of these @entity2227 receptor antagonists, injection of @entity1772 resulted in fewer rotations. To test the possibility that @entity1772 reduced @entity2227 release onto globus pallidus neurons, the effects of @entity1772 on miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents were studied in @entity35 brain slices. Patch-clamp recordings showed that @entity1772 at 30 microM significantly reduced the frequency of the miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. However, @entity1772 induced a weak outward current only in a minority of globus pallidus neurons. These pre- and postsynaptic effects of @entity1772 were reversed or prevented by @entity7234 . These results suggest that @entity1246 (B) receptor in globus pallidus plays an important role in the regulation of movement by modulating glutamatergic inputs at a presynaptic site.

title: Rotational behavior and electrophysiological effects induced by @entity1246 (B) receptor activation in XXXX globus pallidus.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The acceptability of prenatal screening and diagnosis of @entity1467 is dependent, in part, on the gestational age at which the testing is offered. First trimester screening could be advantageous if it has sufficient efficacy and can be effectively delivered. ISSUES: Two first trimester maternal serum screening markers, @entity15714 ( @entity15714 ) and free beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), are useful for identifying @entity1 at increased risk for fetal @entity1467 . In addition, measurement of an enlarged thickness of the subcutaneous fluid-filled space at the back of the neck of the developing fetus (referred to as nuchal translucency or NT) has been demonstrated to be an indicator for these high-risk pregnancies. When these three parameters are combined, estimates for @entity1467 efficacy exceed those currently attainable in the second trimester. @entity1 who are screen-positive in the first trimester can elect to receive cytogenetic testing of a chorionic villus biopsy. The first trimester tests could also, theoretically, be combined with the second trimester maternal serum screening tests (integrated screening) to obtain even higher levels of efficacy. There are, however, several practical limitations to first trimester and integrated screening. These include scheduling of testing within relatively narrow gestational age intervals, availability of appropriately trained ultrasonographers for NT measurement, risks associated with chorionic villus biopsy, and costs. There is also increasing evidence that an enlarged NT measurement is indicative of a high risk for @entity2208 and for fetal abnormalities that are not detectable by cytogenetic analysis. @entity1 whose fetuses show enlarged NT, therefore, need first trimester counseling regarding their @entity1467 risks and the possibility of other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Follow-up ultrasound and fetal echocardiography in the second trimester are also indicated. CONCLUSION: First trimester screening appears to be a highly effective method to screen for @entity1467 . @entity1 with screen-positive results based on NT measurement appear to be at increased risk for @entity2241 . The finding of a normal fetal karyotype may not, therefore, carry a high level of reassurance for a normal baby.

title: Advances in prenatal screening for XXXX : II first trimester testing, integrated testing, and future directions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15714 :: ('5069', 'Gene') :: ['pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A', 'PAPP-A']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['diverse fetal abnormalities']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down syndrome']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity739 in Thailand had not been studied. During January 1997 to December 1999, at the Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, of the total 628 first seen @entity302 @entity1 , aged 0-15 years, 31 @entity1 (4.9%) with @entity739 were encountered. Sixteen were males. The mean age at presentation was 9.7 months (range 4-32 months) and at @entity410 onset was 5.7 months (range 2-11 months). Twenty-two @entity1 had typical @entity2473 , four each had generalized tonic @entity410 and focal @entity410 prior to the onset of @entity739 , and another @entity1 had @entity410 . Nineteen @entity1 were classified as symptomatic. Electroencephalogram revealed @entity739 in six @entity1 , multifocal independent @entity302 in 24 @entity1 , and focal @entity302 in four @entity1 . Abnormal brain-imaging findings were demonstrated in six of the 11 @entity1 investigated. Vigabatrin was given to 17 @entity1 whereas one @entity1 was given valproate. Others who had been severely retarded were given @entity109 in combination with @entity1245 . Six @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining @entity1 , the duration of follow-up ranged from 7 to 44 months (mean 28 months). Infantile @entity2473 disappeared in 11 @entity1 , persisted in six @entity1 , and changed to other form in eight @entity1 . The developmental outcome was apparently normal in five, slightly delayed in four, moderately delayed in ten, and severely delayed in eight @entity1 .

title: XXXX in Thailand: a hospital-based survey.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['hypsarrhythmia', 'infantile spasms', 'West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['West syndrome']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) may develop diffuse large @entity1892 (DLBL), also known as @entity6492 . Mutational status of @entity34242 (VH) genes have prognostic impact in @entity1072 . @entity1 with mutated VH genes have a stable disease, whereas @entity1 with unmutated VH gene have more @entity146 . The mutational status of CLLs that transform to DLBL is unknown. To reveal whether @entity6492 occurs in CLLs with mutated or unmutated VH genes, we have performed mutational analysis on serial specimens from eight @entity1 . @entity1072 and @entity1892 were identical in five cases and they were different in three cases. Six CLLs expressed unmutated and two cases expressed mutated VH genes. In five of the six unmutated CLLs, the DLBL clones evolved from @entity1072 and the VH genes expressed by DLBLs were also unmutated. In one unmutated and two mutated CLLs, the DLBLs expressed mutated VH genes, but in these three cases the @entity1892 developed as independent secondary @entity5 . These results suggest that @entity6492 may develop in both mutated or unmutated CLLs, but clonal transformation of @entity1072 to DLBL occur only in the unmutated subgroup of @entity1072 .

title: Relationship between the mutational status of VH genes and pathogenesis of diffuse large XXXX in @entity6492 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity34242 :: ('6545', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain variable region']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'CLL tumorclones', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBL tumorclones', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6492 :: ('MESH:C537025', 'Disease') :: ["Richter's syndrome"]

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) may develop diffuse large @entity1892 (DLBL), also known as @entity6492 . Mutational status of @entity34242 (VH) genes have prognostic impact in @entity1072 . @entity1 with mutated VH genes have a stable disease, whereas @entity1 with unmutated VH gene have more @entity146 . The mutational status of CLLs that transform to DLBL is unknown. To reveal whether @entity6492 occurs in CLLs with mutated or unmutated VH genes, we have performed mutational analysis on serial specimens from eight @entity1 . @entity1072 and @entity1892 were identical in five cases and they were different in three cases. Six CLLs expressed unmutated and two cases expressed mutated VH genes. In five of the six unmutated CLLs, the DLBL clones evolved from @entity1072 and the VH genes expressed by DLBLs were also unmutated. In one unmutated and two mutated CLLs, the DLBLs expressed mutated VH genes, but in these three cases the @entity1892 developed as independent secondary @entity5 . These results suggest that @entity6492 may develop in both mutated or unmutated CLLs, but clonal transformation of @entity1072 to DLBL occur only in the unmutated subgroup of @entity1072 .

title: Relationship between the mutational status of VH genes and pathogenesis of diffuse large @entity1892 in XXXX .

answer: @entity6492 :: (MESH:C537025,Disease) :: ['Richter's syndrome']


abstract: Virilization caused by @entity43 with functioning stroma during pregnancy is extremely rare and has been reported in many @entity43 . In @entity8940 with maternal virilization during pregnancy the stromal cells responsible for the hormone secretion resemble @entity8665 or Leydig cells and have been referred to as luteinized stromal cells. We present a case of a 30-year-old, gravida 2, para 1, @entity1 who presented at approximately the 38th week of pregnancy with features of virilization. At the same time, a cesarean section was performed because of @entity147 and a male weighing 3,030 g without any gross abnormalities was delivered. A large @entity5 of the right ovary was detected and a right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathologically, the @entity5 proved to be a benign mucinous @entity9296 . Masses typically resembling lutein stromal cells or Leydig cells of the testes or ovarian hilus were found in the wall of the cyst below the mucinous epithelium. No crystalloids of Reinke were identified. The stromal component of the @entity5 was characterized as functioning stroma with luteinized stromal cells. The glandular mucinous epithelium showed focal positivity for @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin. The cytoplasm of the luteinized stromal cells reacted strongly and diffusely with antiserum for @entity2277 . Also, the cytoplasm of the luteinized stromal cells showed focal intense positivity for @entity5473 , and focal mild positivity for @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin. Staining results for @entity2931 and @entity1420 receptors were negative. In conclusion, we present an unusual case of clinical virilization during pregnancy associated with an @entity43 with functioning stroma. The virilizing manifestations disappeared after removal of the @entity43 , supporting the perception that the functioning ovarian stroma was responsible for the @entity342 production.

title: XXXX of the ovary with functioning stroma and virilization in pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian mucinous cystadenoma', 'ovarian neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['fetal distress']

entities_list: @entity8940 :: ('MESH:D018291', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenomas']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenoma']

answer: @entity8940 :: (MESH:D018291,Disease) :: ['Mucinous cystadenoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate experience with intravaginal electrical stimulation for the relief of @entity158 when used as adjunctive therapy in @entity1 with @entity1118 and levator ani @entity2473 . STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort of consecutively treated @entity1 from 1999 and 2000 was identified using billing records. Systematic chart review was completed using standardized data collection forms for all @entity1 receiving electrical stimulation for @entity158 from levator ani @entity2473 . Data collected were objective for major variables and subjective for outcomes. Demographic data were reported as means and standard deviations. Stimulation characteristics were compared using ANOVA. Survival analysis was performed using life table methods. RESULTS: Medical records from 66 consecutive @entity1 treated during an 18-month interval were reviewed. Demographic characteristics included mean age of 38.7 years, 13 years of education and parity of 2. Married @entity1 composed 75% of the study group, with 81% white, 10% Hispanic and 9% black. Of the 66 @entity1 studied, 50 had follow-up documentation with an average duration of 14.5 weeks. Overall, 34 @entity1 (52%) demonstrated improvement in @entity2371 following vaginal electrical stimulation. Using survival analysis, 51% of @entity1 had persistent improvement 30 weeks after treatment. There were no differences in age, race, education or parity between @entity1 reporting a sustained benefit of stimulation and those not reporting a benefit. CONCLUSION: Vaginal electrical stimulation may help a selected population of @entity1 with @entity2371 due to levator ani @entity2473 .

title: Electrical stimulation in the treatment of XXXX due to levator ani @entity2473 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pelvic pain']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate experience with intravaginal electrical stimulation for the relief of @entity158 when used as adjunctive therapy in @entity1 with @entity1118 and levator ani @entity2473 . STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort of consecutively treated @entity1 from 1999 and 2000 was identified using billing records. Systematic chart review was completed using standardized data collection forms for all @entity1 receiving electrical stimulation for @entity158 from levator ani @entity2473 . Data collected were objective for major variables and subjective for outcomes. Demographic data were reported as means and standard deviations. Stimulation characteristics were compared using ANOVA. Survival analysis was performed using life table methods. RESULTS: Medical records from 66 consecutive @entity1 treated during an 18-month interval were reviewed. Demographic characteristics included mean age of 38.7 years, 13 years of education and parity of 2. Married @entity1 composed 75% of the study group, with 81% white, 10% Hispanic and 9% black. Of the 66 @entity1 studied, 50 had follow-up documentation with an average duration of 14.5 weeks. Overall, 34 @entity1 (52%) demonstrated improvement in @entity2371 following vaginal electrical stimulation. Using survival analysis, 51% of @entity1 had persistent improvement 30 weeks after treatment. There were no differences in age, race, education or parity between @entity1 reporting a sustained benefit of stimulation and those not reporting a benefit. CONCLUSION: Vaginal electrical stimulation may help a selected population of @entity1 with @entity2371 due to levator ani @entity2473 .

title: Electrical stimulation in the treatment of @entity2371 due to levator ani XXXX .

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: We examined the relationship between insight and the positive, negative, active, @entity55840 , and @entity2438 dimensions of symptoms in @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity161 . Ninety-six @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity161 were assessed using the Scale to Assess Unawareness of @entity146 , Revised Version (SUMD-R) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The PANSS data were analyzed based on a five-factor model defined by White et al (1997). The percentage of @entity1 having a lack of awareness was 32.7% for illness, 58.2% for symptoms, 18.4% for treatment response, and 41.8% for social consequences. Lack of awareness of symptoms was significantly correlated with all five symptom factors. Lack of awareness of the illness and its social consequences was only correlated with the positive dimension. Lack of awareness of achieved effects of medication was correlated with the @entity2438 preoccupation factor. There was no correlation between current misattributions for symptoms and PANSS factors. We conclude that poor insight is a common feature of @entity161 and has a complex relationship to other symptoms of the illness. Our results suggest that (1) unawareness of symptoms is related to severity of illness; (2) insight into illness and its social consequences is more closely tied to positive symptoms than other aspects of insight; and (3) insight into the effects of medication is more closely related to @entity73 . Treatment studies that measure insight could answer the question of whether these deficits in awareness improve along with positive and @entity73 .

title: The relationship between insight and symptoms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorder']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Fencl-Stewart approach to @entity74 uses five equations of varying complexity to estimate the base excess effects of the important components: the strong ion difference ( @entity1372 and @entity2865 ), the total weak acid concentration (albumin) and unmeasured ions. Although this approach is straightforward, most @entity1 would need a calculator to use the equations. We proposed four simpler equations that require only mental arithmetic and tested the hypothesis that these simpler equations would have good agreement with more complex Fencl-Stewart equations. METHODS: We reduced two complex equations for the @entity2827 effect on base excess to one simple equation: @entity2827 effect (meq litre(-1))=[Na(+)]-[Cl(-)]-38. We simplified the equation of the albumin effect on base excess to an equation with two constants: albumin effect (meq litre(-1))=0.25x(42-[albumin]g litre(-1)). Using 300 blood samples from critically ill @entity1 , we examined the agreement between the more complex Fencl-Stewart equations and our simplified versions with Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS: The estimates of the @entity2827 effect on base excess agreed well, with no bias and limits of agreement of -0.5 to 0.5 meq litre(-1). The albumin effect estimates required log transformation. The simplified estimate was, on average, 90% of the Fencl-Stewart estimate. The limits of agreement for this percentage were 82-98%. CONCLUSIONS: The simplified equations agree well with the previous, more complex equations. Our findings suggest a useful, simple way to use the Fencl-Stewart approach to analyse @entity74 in clinical practice.

title: Strong ions, weak acids and base excess: a simplified Fencl-Stewart approach to clinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['acid-base disorders']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium-chloride']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['acid-base disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of @entity900 that could be added to full-dose @entity136 and @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in @entity1 with @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 were treated. @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) was administered over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. @entity900 followed @entity136 on days 1 and 15. The initial dose level of @entity900 was 30 mg/m(2), escalated to a targeted dose of 50 mg/m(2) using Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method. @entity1161 was initiated on cycle 1, day 1, in 2.4 Gy fractions to a total dose of 36 Gy. A second cycle of chemotherapy was planned following a 1-week rest. RESULTS: Four of eight @entity1 experienced acute dose limiting @entity137 at the 50 mg/m(2) @entity900 dose level. @entity1 treated at 30 and 40 mg/m(2) @entity900 dose level tolerated therapy without dose-limiting @entity137 . Median survival was 10.7 months (95% CI, 5.4 to 18.2) for all @entity1 , and 12.9 months (95% CI, 7.4 to 21.2) for those without @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity900 at doses up to 40 mg/m(2) may be safely added to full-dose @entity136 and conformal @entity1161 . The Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method trial design allowed rapid completion of the study and confidence in the conclusion about the maximum tolerated dose, but accrued more @entity1 to a dose level above the maximum tolerated dose than the typical phase I design. Local and @entity262 control and survival in this study cohort supports further investigation of @entity136 -based @entity1161 and combination chemotherapy in this disease.

title: Phase I trial using a time-to-event continual reassessment strategy for dose escalation of XXXX combined with @entity136 and @entity1161 in @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of @entity900 that could be added to full-dose @entity136 and @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in @entity1 with @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 were treated. @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) was administered over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. @entity900 followed @entity136 on days 1 and 15. The initial dose level of @entity900 was 30 mg/m(2), escalated to a targeted dose of 50 mg/m(2) using Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method. @entity1161 was initiated on cycle 1, day 1, in 2.4 Gy fractions to a total dose of 36 Gy. A second cycle of chemotherapy was planned following a 1-week rest. RESULTS: Four of eight @entity1 experienced acute dose limiting @entity137 at the 50 mg/m(2) @entity900 dose level. @entity1 treated at 30 and 40 mg/m(2) @entity900 dose level tolerated therapy without dose-limiting @entity137 . Median survival was 10.7 months (95% CI, 5.4 to 18.2) for all @entity1 , and 12.9 months (95% CI, 7.4 to 21.2) for those without @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity900 at doses up to 40 mg/m(2) may be safely added to full-dose @entity136 and conformal @entity1161 . The Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method trial design allowed rapid completion of the study and confidence in the conclusion about the maximum tolerated dose, but accrued more @entity1 to a dose level above the maximum tolerated dose than the typical phase I design. Local and @entity262 control and survival in this study cohort supports further investigation of @entity136 -based @entity1161 and combination chemotherapy in this disease.

title: Phase I trial using a time-to-event continual reassessment strategy for dose escalation of @entity900 combined with @entity136 and @entity1161 in XXXX .

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of @entity900 that could be added to full-dose @entity136 and @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in @entity1 with @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 were treated. @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) was administered over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. @entity900 followed @entity136 on days 1 and 15. The initial dose level of @entity900 was 30 mg/m(2), escalated to a targeted dose of 50 mg/m(2) using Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method. @entity1161 was initiated on cycle 1, day 1, in 2.4 Gy fractions to a total dose of 36 Gy. A second cycle of chemotherapy was planned following a 1-week rest. RESULTS: Four of eight @entity1 experienced acute dose limiting @entity137 at the 50 mg/m(2) @entity900 dose level. @entity1 treated at 30 and 40 mg/m(2) @entity900 dose level tolerated therapy without dose-limiting @entity137 . Median survival was 10.7 months (95% CI, 5.4 to 18.2) for all @entity1 , and 12.9 months (95% CI, 7.4 to 21.2) for those without @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity900 at doses up to 40 mg/m(2) may be safely added to full-dose @entity136 and conformal @entity1161 . The Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method trial design allowed rapid completion of the study and confidence in the conclusion about the maximum tolerated dose, but accrued more @entity1 to a dose level above the maximum tolerated dose than the typical phase I design. Local and @entity262 control and survival in this study cohort supports further investigation of @entity136 -based @entity1161 and combination chemotherapy in this disease.

title: Phase I trial using a time-to-event continual reassessment strategy for dose escalation of @entity900 combined with @entity136 and XXXX in @entity788 .

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of @entity900 that could be added to full-dose @entity136 and @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in @entity1 with @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 were treated. @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) was administered over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. @entity900 followed @entity136 on days 1 and 15. The initial dose level of @entity900 was 30 mg/m(2), escalated to a targeted dose of 50 mg/m(2) using Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method. @entity1161 was initiated on cycle 1, day 1, in 2.4 Gy fractions to a total dose of 36 Gy. A second cycle of chemotherapy was planned following a 1-week rest. RESULTS: Four of eight @entity1 experienced acute dose limiting @entity137 at the 50 mg/m(2) @entity900 dose level. @entity1 treated at 30 and 40 mg/m(2) @entity900 dose level tolerated therapy without dose-limiting @entity137 . Median survival was 10.7 months (95% CI, 5.4 to 18.2) for all @entity1 , and 12.9 months (95% CI, 7.4 to 21.2) for those without @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity900 at doses up to 40 mg/m(2) may be safely added to full-dose @entity136 and conformal @entity1161 . The Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method trial design allowed rapid completion of the study and confidence in the conclusion about the maximum tolerated dose, but accrued more @entity1 to a dose level above the maximum tolerated dose than the typical phase I design. Local and @entity262 control and survival in this study cohort supports further investigation of @entity136 -based @entity1161 and combination chemotherapy in this disease.

title: Phase I trial using a time-to-event continual reassessment strategy for dose escalation of @entity900 combined with XXXX and @entity1161 in @entity788 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: CONTEXT: Knowledge of risk factors for @entity14 could inform risk reduction strategies for asymptomatic individuals. Few studies have evaluated risk factors for advanced @entity14 in asymptomatic individuals, compared risk factors between @entity1 with and without @entity1127 , or included most purported risk factors in a multivariate analysis. OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors associated with advanced @entity14 in a cohort of asymptomatic @entity1 with complete colonoscopy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Prospective, cross-sectional study of 3121 asymptomatic @entity1 aged 50 to 75 years from 13 Veterans Affairs medical centers conducted between February 1994 and January 1997. All @entity1 had complete colonoscopy to determine the prevalence of advanced @entity5 , defined as an @entity652 that was 10 mm or more in diameter, a @entity5493 , an @entity652 with high-grade @entity1141 , or @entity3 . Variables examined included history of first-degree relative with @entity14 , prior cholecystectomy, serum @entity165 level, physical activity, smoking, @entity167 use, and dietary factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: An age-adjusted analysis was performed for each variable to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with having advanced @entity5 compared with having no @entity1127 . We developed a multivariate logistic regression model to identify the most informative risk factors. A secondary analysis examined risk factors for having @entity1127 compared with having no @entity1127 and compared with having advanced @entity5 . RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-nine @entity1 had advanced @entity5 and 1441 had no @entity1127 . In multivariate analyses, we found positive associations for history of a first-degree relative with @entity14 (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.16-2.35), current smoking (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.33-2.58), and current moderate to heavy @entity167 use (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03). Inverse associations were found for cereal fiber intake (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99), @entity560 intake (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.99), and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.91). In the univariate analysis, the inverse association was found with cereal fiber intake greater than 4.2 g/d, @entity560 intake greater than 645 IU/d, and daily use of NSAIDs. Marginal factors included physical activity, daily multivitamin use, and intake of @entity460 and fat derived from red meat. No association was found for body mass index, prior cholecystectomy, or serum @entity165 level. Three hundred ninety-one @entity1 had @entity1127 as the worst lesion found at colonoscopy. Risk variables were similar to those for @entity1 with no @entity1127 , except that past and current smoking were associated with an increased risk of @entity1127 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data endorse several important risk factors for advanced @entity694 and provide a rationale for prudent risk reduction strategies. Further study is needed to determine if lifestyle changes can moderate the risk of @entity14 .

title: Risk factors for advanced XXXX and @entity1127 in asymptomatic individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic neoplasia']


abstract: CONTEXT: Knowledge of risk factors for @entity14 could inform risk reduction strategies for asymptomatic individuals. Few studies have evaluated risk factors for advanced @entity14 in asymptomatic individuals, compared risk factors between @entity1 with and without @entity1127 , or included most purported risk factors in a multivariate analysis. OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors associated with advanced @entity14 in a cohort of asymptomatic @entity1 with complete colonoscopy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Prospective, cross-sectional study of 3121 asymptomatic @entity1 aged 50 to 75 years from 13 Veterans Affairs medical centers conducted between February 1994 and January 1997. All @entity1 had complete colonoscopy to determine the prevalence of advanced @entity5 , defined as an @entity652 that was 10 mm or more in diameter, a @entity5493 , an @entity652 with high-grade @entity1141 , or @entity3 . Variables examined included history of first-degree relative with @entity14 , prior cholecystectomy, serum @entity165 level, physical activity, smoking, @entity167 use, and dietary factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: An age-adjusted analysis was performed for each variable to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with having advanced @entity5 compared with having no @entity1127 . We developed a multivariate logistic regression model to identify the most informative risk factors. A secondary analysis examined risk factors for having @entity1127 compared with having no @entity1127 and compared with having advanced @entity5 . RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-nine @entity1 had advanced @entity5 and 1441 had no @entity1127 . In multivariate analyses, we found positive associations for history of a first-degree relative with @entity14 (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.16-2.35), current smoking (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.33-2.58), and current moderate to heavy @entity167 use (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03). Inverse associations were found for cereal fiber intake (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99), @entity560 intake (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.99), and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.91). In the univariate analysis, the inverse association was found with cereal fiber intake greater than 4.2 g/d, @entity560 intake greater than 645 IU/d, and daily use of NSAIDs. Marginal factors included physical activity, daily multivitamin use, and intake of @entity460 and fat derived from red meat. No association was found for body mass index, prior cholecystectomy, or serum @entity165 level. Three hundred ninety-one @entity1 had @entity1127 as the worst lesion found at colonoscopy. Risk variables were similar to those for @entity1 with no @entity1127 , except that past and current smoking were associated with an increased risk of @entity1127 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data endorse several important risk factors for advanced @entity694 and provide a rationale for prudent risk reduction strategies. Further study is needed to determine if lifestyle changes can moderate the risk of @entity14 .

title: Risk factors for advanced @entity694 and XXXX in asymptomatic individuals.

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['hyperplastic polyps']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate test-retest reliability of the Isernhagen Work System Functional Capacity Evaluation (IWS FCE) in a sample of @entity1 (n = 30) suffering from @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) and selected for rehabilitation treatment. The IWS FCE consists of 28 tests that reflect work-related activities like lifting, carrying, bending, etc. In this study, a slightly modified IWS FCE was used. @entity1 were included in the study if they were still at work or were less than 1 year out of work because of @entity1643 . @entity1 ' mean age was 40 years, the duration of @entity1643 ranged between 5 and 10 years. Fifteen @entity1 (50%) were out of work for a mean of 17 weeks, and they all received financial compensation. Two FCE sessions were held with a 2-week interval in between. Means per session, 95% confidence intervals of the mean difference, one-way random @entity7166 ( @entity7166 ), limits of agreement, Cohen's kappa and percentage of absolute agreement were calculated where appropriate. An @entity7166 of 0.75 or more, a kappa value of more than 0.60 and a percentage of absolute agreement of 80% were considered as an acceptable reliability. Tests of the IWC FCE were divided into tests with and tests without an acceptable test-retest reliability on the basis of the kappa values, the percentage of absolute agreement and the @entity7166 values. Fifteen tests (79%) showed an acceptable test-retest reliability based on Kappa values and percentage of absolute agreement. Eleven tests (61%) showed an acceptable test-retest reliability based on @entity7166 values.

title: Test-retest reliability of the Isernhagen Work Systems Functional Capacity Evaluation in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'Chronic Low Back Pain', 'CLBP']

entities_list: @entity7166 :: ('MESH:D008311', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'Intra Class Correlations']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate test-retest reliability of the Isernhagen Work System Functional Capacity Evaluation (IWS FCE) in a sample of @entity1 (n = 30) suffering from @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) and selected for rehabilitation treatment. The IWS FCE consists of 28 tests that reflect work-related activities like lifting, carrying, bending, etc. In this study, a slightly modified IWS FCE was used. @entity1 were included in the study if they were still at work or were less than 1 year out of work because of @entity1643 . @entity1 ' mean age was 40 years, the duration of @entity1643 ranged between 5 and 10 years. Fifteen @entity1 (50%) were out of work for a mean of 17 weeks, and they all received financial compensation. Two FCE sessions were held with a 2-week interval in between. Means per session, 95% confidence intervals of the mean difference, one-way random @entity7166 ( @entity7166 ), limits of agreement, Cohen's kappa and percentage of absolute agreement were calculated where appropriate. An @entity7166 of 0.75 or more, a kappa value of more than 0.60 and a percentage of absolute agreement of 80% were considered as an acceptable reliability. Tests of the IWC FCE were divided into tests with and tests without an acceptable test-retest reliability on the basis of the kappa values, the percentage of absolute agreement and the @entity7166 values. Fifteen tests (79%) showed an acceptable test-retest reliability based on Kappa values and percentage of absolute agreement. Eleven tests (61%) showed an acceptable test-retest reliability based on @entity7166 values.

title: Test-retest reliability of the Isernhagen Work Systems Functional Capacity Evaluation in XXXX with @entity1643 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']