abstract: According to the updated guidelines for imaging in lymphoma, 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is recommended for staging and evaluation of treatment response in FDG-avid @entity706 . The purpose of the study was to evaluate the utility of PET/CT in nodal @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ). @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3191 ( @entity3191 , @entity2108 , or angioimmunoblastic @entity784 ) seen at five Danish hematology centers during the period 2006 to 2012 were included, if they had been pretherapeutically staged with PET/CT. Medical records were reviewed for baseline clinical and follow-up information. Staging, interim (I-PET), and end-of-treatment PET/CT (E-PET) studies were centrally reviewed, and reported using the Deauville 5-point score (DS). A total of 124 @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median age was 58 years, and 88% received @entity3726 / @entity3726 -like therapy. Five years PFS and @entity3012 of the study population was 36.8% (95% CI 27.3-46.4) and 49.7% (95% CI 38.9-59.6), respectively. The presence of PET/CT-ascertained lung and/or liver involvement was associated with a worse outcome. The sensitivity of PET/CT for detecting biopsy-defined bone marrow involvement was only 18% (95% CI 4-43). An interim DS >3 was not prognostic for worse @entity3012 and PFS among @entity3726 / @entity3726 -like treated @entity1 in uni- or multivariate analyses. A DS >3 after treatment predicted a worse prognosis. In conclusion, I-PET was not predictive of outcome in @entity3726 / @entity3726 -like treated @entity3191 @entity1 when using the DS. Prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal use of PET/CT in @entity3191 including the role of quantitative PET/CT analysis.

title: Utility of interim and end-of-treatment PET/CT in XXXX : A review of 124 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphoma NOS', 'nodal PTCL', 'peripheral T-cell lymphomas', 'PTCL']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity3191 :: (MESH:D016411,Disease) :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphomas']


abstract: According to the updated guidelines for imaging in lymphoma, 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is recommended for staging and evaluation of treatment response in FDG-avid @entity706 . The purpose of the study was to evaluate the utility of PET/CT in nodal @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ). @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3191 ( @entity3191 , @entity2108 , or angioimmunoblastic @entity784 ) seen at five Danish hematology centers during the period 2006 to 2012 were included, if they had been pretherapeutically staged with PET/CT. Medical records were reviewed for baseline clinical and follow-up information. Staging, interim (I-PET), and end-of-treatment PET/CT (E-PET) studies were centrally reviewed, and reported using the Deauville 5-point score (DS). A total of 124 @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median age was 58 years, and 88% received @entity3726 / @entity3726 -like therapy. Five years PFS and @entity3012 of the study population was 36.8% (95% CI 27.3-46.4) and 49.7% (95% CI 38.9-59.6), respectively. The presence of PET/CT-ascertained lung and/or liver involvement was associated with a worse outcome. The sensitivity of PET/CT for detecting biopsy-defined bone marrow involvement was only 18% (95% CI 4-43). An interim DS >3 was not prognostic for worse @entity3012 and PFS among @entity3726 / @entity3726 -like treated @entity1 in uni- or multivariate analyses. A DS >3 after treatment predicted a worse prognosis. In conclusion, I-PET was not predictive of outcome in @entity3726 / @entity3726 -like treated @entity3191 @entity1 when using the DS. Prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal use of PET/CT in @entity3191 including the role of quantitative PET/CT analysis.

title: Utility of interim and end-of-treatment PET/CT in @entity3191 : A review of 124 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A filter binding assay was developed to study interactions between purified TRAP, the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein of @entity3881 , and trp specific transcripts. TRAP formed stable complexes with trpEDCFBA leader RNA; binding was L- @entity2340 -dependent and was complete within 60 s. TRAP binds to a segment of the trp leader transcript that includes part of an RNA antiterminator structure. Binding to this segment allows formation of an RNA terminator structure, thereby promoting transcription termination. Using several trpEDCFBA leader deletion transcripts, we identified several closely spaced trinucleotide repeats (seven GAG and four UAG repeats) in the trp leader transcript that appeared to be required for TRAP binding. We also showed that TRAP binds to a segment of the trpG transcript that includes the trpG ribosome binding site; the @entity377 sequence of this segment contains several appropriately spaced trinucleotide repeats (seven GAG, one UAG, and one AAG). TRAP binding to the trpG transcript would block translation initiation. RNA footprint analysis confirmed interaction between TRAP and the trinucleotide repeats in the various transcripts. TRAP, in the presence or absence of @entity9484 , appears to consist of 11 or 12 identical 8-kDa subunits. Our findings suggest that each @entity2340 -activated TRAP subunit can bind one G/UAG repeat in a target transcript. Multiple protein-RNA interactions are required for stable association.

title: TRAP, the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein of XXXX , is a multisubunit complex that appears to recognize G/UAG repeats in the trpEDCFBA and trpG transcripts.

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity9484 :: ('CHEBI:16828', 'Chemical') :: ['L-tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: A case is reported of @entity397 due to a Carlens double-lumen tube. A 73 year old male @entity1 was to undergo a double right lower and @entity189 . All went well and as expected until 20 min after the start of left-sided unilateral ventilation by way of the double-lumen tube. A sudden increase in the inspiratory pressures led to the discovery, first, of a leak around the cuff, and then, air bubbles in the mediastinum. Surgical exploration showed up the 4 cm long @entity397 in the pars membrana of the left main bronchus through which the cuff was herniating. The @entity1 was reintubated and the @entity397 surgically repaired. The right @entity1315 had not been ventilated for 45 min and there were signs of @entity4403 . The immediate postoperative course was rather stormy, with severe @entity712 , recurring right @entity1315 atelectasia and bilateral @entity358 . The @entity1 was only definitely weaned from the respirator 40 days after the surgical incident. Although such complications with double-lumen tubes are rare, they must be recognized and surgically repaired very rapidly. A few simple rules to prevent these complications are discussed.

title: [Isolated XXXX of the left main-stem bronchus during intubation with a Carlens tube].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity4403 :: ('MESH:C536681', 'Disease') :: ['micro-atelectasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['middle lobectomy for carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['upper lobe']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: The most effective antitachycardia pacing ( @entity855 ) mode is still a matter of debate. Randomized prospective testing of 3 different @entity855 modes was performed in 65 @entity1 (pts) prior to and after cardioverter defibrillator implantation (Ventak @entity10166 36 pts, Cadence V 100 29 pts). All 3 @entity855 modes included 4 stimulation attempts with 4-7 adaptive scanning burst pulses. Adaptive burst coupling interval was 75% in mode A, 81% in mode B and 69% in mode C. Autodecremental scanning within bursts was 8 msec in all, decremental scanning between bursts was 8 msec in modes B and C. Each @entity855 mode had to be tested 3 times; all 3 @entity855 modes were randomly applied to each pt. During preoperative testing 91 of 133 VT episodes (68%) could be terminated by @entity855 . Termination was achieved in 68% with mode A, 68% with mode B and 73% with mode C. During predischarge testing, 251 VTs were induced and @entity855 was successful in 147 VTs (59%). Termination rate was 56% with mode A, 68% with mode B and 50% with mode C. During the mean follow-up of 12 months, 2301 @entity943 episodes (AE) occurred. @entity855 was performed in 2097 AE (91%) and successful in 1920 AE (92%). Acceleration of VT occurred in 65 AE (3%) and unsuccessful @entity855 was observed in 112 AE (5%). It is concluded that @entity855 in general is highly effective in pts with sustained VT. None of the tested @entity855 modes, however, proved to be superior to the other.

title: Role of antitachycardia pacing in XXXX with third generation cardioverter defibrillators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several nonoperative and operative options are available for palliation of @entity1 with unresectable @entity201 . This retrospective analysis compares the results of nonoperative percutaneous stenting and operative palliation in 65 @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 were managed with percutaneous biliary stents (group A), and 44 @entity1 underwent laparotomy (group B) with placement of large-bore @entity1346 rubber transhepatic stents in 33. The two groups were similar with respect to age, gender, mean laboratory data, and @entity5 . RESULTS: Group A and group B @entity1 were comparable in hospital morbidity (67% vs 61%), hospital mortality (14% vs 7%), and mean initial hospital stay (27 vs 31 days). Survival was greater in group B laparotomy @entity1 at 1, 3, and 6 months (p < 0.01), and median survival was 5 months for group A compared with 8 months for group B @entity1 (p = 0.06). Group A @entity1 who were managed with percutaneous stents required more stent changes per month of survival (0.5 vs 0.3, p = 0.06). However, group B @entity1 who underwent operative palliation were more likely to undergo a second operation (0% vs 21%, p = 0.05), most often for @entity9727 . CONCLUSIONS: Operative placement of large-bore transhepatic stents may reduce @entity255 , @entity1578 , and prolong survival. We conclude that @entity1 with unresectable @entity201 who are fit for surgery may benefit from operative palliation.

title: Unresectable XXXX : percutaneous versus operative palliation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiographic extent of tumor']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal or small-bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['delay hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: The safety and efficacy of conversion to @entity1140 after failing immunosuppression with @entity205 was prospectively evaluated in 31 pediatric liver transplant recipients between April 1991 and March 1993. The @entity1 , who ranged in age from 40 days to 14 years, accounted for 28 primary transplantations and 3 retransplantations. The initial immunosuppression regimen consisted of @entity205 in combination with @entity229 . The indications for conversion were acute or chronic rejection refractory to OKT3, Minnesota antilymphocyte globulin, or @entity230 (13 @entity1 ); @entity101 (8 @entity1 ); inability to reach a therapeutic level of @entity205 (6 @entity1 ); @entity3427 (3 @entity1 ); and @entity851 (1 @entity1 ). After an average follow-up of 10 months (range, 2 to 25 months), 27 (87%) of the @entity1 are alive and have functioning grafts. Of the 13 @entity1 who were converted for refractory rejection, 9 are alive. Six of these 9 @entity1 experienced a complete biochemical reversal of the rejection process within 3 months of conversion; 2 had a partial response to conversion, and 1 @entity1 failed but underwent successful retransplantation. Three of the 4 @entity1 who died did so without showing any improvement. The remaining 18 @entity1 who were converted for various other reasons are alive and have functioning grafts. Of the 8 @entity1 who developed @entity101 on @entity205 and @entity229 , 6 experienced a resolution of this problem within 3 months of conversion. Three of the 18 @entity1 who underwent rescue therapy for reasons other than refractory rejection experienced rejection episodes after conversion to @entity1140 . Two of these 3 @entity1 achieved resolution with either @entity134 therapy or an increased dosage of @entity1140 , while the third @entity1 developed chronic rejection. The side effects of @entity1140 were generally minor and resolved by lowering the dose. @entity1071 developed in 2 @entity1 (6%). The present study suggests that @entity1140 is a relatively safe and effective rescue therapy for pediatric liver transplant recipients who have failed immunosuppression with @entity205 . Longer follow-up is needed to assess the effect of @entity1140 on growth.

title: XXXX conversion therapy in pediatric liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK506']


abstract: Endophytic bacteria play a key role in the biocontrol of phytopathogenic microorganisms. In this study, genotypic diversity was analyzed via repetitive element PCR (rep-PCR) of endophytic isolates of the phylum Actinobacteria that were previously collected from leaves of cultivars of common bean ( @entity11297 ). Considerable variability was observed, which has not been reported previously for this phylum of endophytic bacteria of the common bean. Furthermore, the @entity1068 extracts from cultures of various isolates inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria in vitro, especially Gram-positive pathogens. Extracts from cultures of @entity3493 BAC1065 and BAC1093, which were both isolated from the 'Talism  ' cultivar, strongly inhibited most of the pathogenic bacteria tested. Bean endophytic bacteria were also demonstrated to have the potential to inhibit the quorum sensing of Gram-negative bacteria. This mechanism may regulate the production of virulence factors in pathogens. The ability to inhibit quorum sensing has also not been reported previously for endophytic microorganisms of @entity19321 . Furthermore, @entity3493 with capacity to inhibit quorum sensing appears to be widespread in common bean. The genomic profiles of @entity3493 were also analyzed via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and greater differentiation was observed using this method than rep-PCR; in general, no groups were formed based on the cultivar of origin. This study showed for the first time that endophytic bacteria from common bean plants exhibit high variability and may be useful for the development of strategies for the biological control of diseases in this important legume plant.

title: Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Common Bean ( XXXX ) Exhibiting High Variability Showed Antimicrobial Activity and Quorum Sensing Inhibition.

entities_list: @entity3493 :: ('2033', 'Species') :: ['M. testaceum', 'Microbacterium testaceum']

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']

answer: @entity11297 :: (3885,Species) :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']


abstract: @entity358 has been used successfully in the treatment of @entity849 for several years, but reports on long-term results are still sparse. We have performed pulmonary valve balloon dilatation procedures 23 times in 22 @entity1 since February 1985; the age of the @entity1 ranged from 2 days to 22 years. Three @entity1 did not benefit from the procedure, in two instances because the pulmonary valve was @entity6349 and once because of severe associated @entity3888 . These @entity1 subsequently underwent surgery. In the other 19 @entity1 the initial transvalvular gradient of 35 to 160 mm Hg (mean 81 mm Hg) was markedly reduced (to values ranging from 10 to 60 mm Hg, mean 31 mm Hg) rendering surgery unnecessary. There were no complications. The @entity1 have been followed up for periods ranging from 2 months to 3 years and all are asymptomatic. Repeat measurements of the transvalvular gradient were carried out either by recatheterization or by echo Doppler 4 months to 3 years after the procedure; we have not observed restenosis and the mean gradient remained unchanged compared to the measurements immediately after valvuloplasty. @entity338 was uncommon and indeed appears to be less prominent than after surgical valvotomy. Thus, percutaneous valvuloplasty now appears to be the preferred treatment for @entity849 and open heart surgery can be avoided in most cases.

title: [The treatment of XXXX using balloon dilatation. Long-term results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3888 :: ('MESH:D011662', 'Disease') :: ['infundibular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['pulmonary valve stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Synaptic plasticity is fundamental in shaping the output of neural networks. The transformation of synaptic plasticity at the cellular level into plasticity at the system level involves multiple factors, including behavior of local networks of interneurons. Here we investigate the synaptic to system transformation for plasticity in motor output in an in vitro preparation of the adult @entity19 spinal cord. System plasticity was assessed from compound action potentials (APs) in spinal ventral roots, which were generated simultaneously by the axons of many motoneurons (MNs). Synaptic plasticity was assessed from intracellular recordings of MNs. A computer model of the MN pool was used to identify the middle steps in the transformation from synaptic to system behavior. Two input systems that converge on the same MN pool were studied: one sensory and one descending. The two synaptic input systems generated very different motor outputs, with sensory stimulation consistently evoking @entity308 ( @entity308 ) whereas descending stimulation had bimodal plasticity: @entity308 at low frequencies but short-term facilitation (STF) at high frequencies. Intracellular and pharmacological studies revealed contributions from monosynaptic excitation and stimulus time-locked inhibition but also considerable asynchronous excitation sustained from local network activity. The computer simulations showed that @entity308 in the monosynaptic excitatory input was the primary @entity308 in the sensory input whereas network excitation underlies the bimodal plasticity in the descending system. These results provide insight on the roles of plasticity in the monosynaptic and polysynaptic inputs converging on the same MN pool to overall motor plasticity.

title: The transformation of synaptic to system plasticity in motor output from the sacral cord of the adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['short-term depression', 'driver of the system STD', 'STD']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 who underwent elective Caesarean section received @entity5616 150 mg by mouth 8-14 h, and 50 mg i.m. 90 min, before surgery. Intraoperative gastric aspiration resulted in contents with a pH greater than 2.5 and volume less than 25 ml in all @entity1 (mean pH 6.5 (SD 0.8); mean volume 9.0 (SD 7.2) ml). Sixty @entity1 in labour, who received @entity5616 50 mg i.m. 6-hourly, underwent emergency surgery. Half of this group received, in addition, a single preinduction dose of either 15 or 30 ml of @entity4958 0.3 mol litre-1. A further 30 @entity1 who remained unmedicated during labour and required emergency surgery received a preinduction dose of 15 or 30 ml of @entity4958 0.3 mol litre-1 alone. @entity5616 medication resulted in a mean aspirated gastric volume of 31.4 (26.6) ml and pH of 5.3 (2.1); five of 30 @entity1 had a pH less than 2.5. The addition of @entity4958 0.3 mol litre-1 resulted in gastric pH greater than 2.5 in all @entity1 and a mean gastric volume of 43.2 (38.3) ml. The group who received only @entity4958 0.3 mol litre-1 had a mean pH of 5.3 (1.1) and a mean volume 122.7 (98.2) ml.

title: Use of i.m. XXXX for the prophylaxis of aspiration pneumonitis in obstetrics.

entities_list: @entity4958 :: ('MESH:C102006', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine', 'Ranitidine']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: Precise radiographical measurement of the third ventricle in the first and essential procedure in stereotaxic surgery in order to determine the target point. This is done while referring to an available standard brain atlas such as Schaltenbrand _ Bailey. However there have been no criteria established for determining the deviation of the coordinates of the thalamic nuclei, especially in their lateral coordinates when the third ventricle is highly dilated. Therefore, in 109 cases encountered recently (81 @entity304 , 11 essential @entity400 , 10 @entity306 , 3 @entity158 , 1 @entity244 , 1 torticollis, 1 @entity910 , 1 striato-nigral degeneration), we studied the correlation between the width of the third ventricle and the lateral coordinate of the thalamic point where kinesthetic neurons or @entity400 -synchronously discharging neurons were detected. These neurons were especially related to the arm. According to the width of the third ventricle, we classified the cases into three types: 18 cases with large ventricles (more than 10 mm), 37 cases with medium-sized ventricles (4-10 mm) and 16 cases with small ventricles (less than 4 mm). By plotting the lateral coordinate of the thalamic point where kinesthetic neuron of the upper extremity was recorded in reference to the radiogram of anteroposterior view, we found that the lateral coordinates of large ventricular cases generally tended to show more lateral displacement than cases where the ventricles were narrower. Their mean lateral coordinate was 16.9 mm from midline in contrast ot 14.0 mm in cases with small ventricular width. There was a linear correlation between the width of the third ventricle and the lateral coordinate of the kinesthetic neuron of the @entity2277 nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Lateral coordinate of the thalamic XXXX neurons in the cases with dilated third ventricle].

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['oral dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Benedikt's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic pain']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity2277 :: (7431,Gene) :: ['Vim']


abstract: During the photolysis of @entity2340 a large number of products is formed. In this study, aqueous solutions of @entity2340 were irradiated by ultraviolet light during 5, 20 or 40 h. Each of the irradiated batches was divided into two aliquots, which were freeze-dried or extracted with @entity3636 . For each batch the latter extract was subsequently divided into a purified @entity3636 extract and a @entity1042 extract. Aliquots of the purified @entity3636 extracts were fractionated and pooled, peakwise, into seven fractions. A recombined sample was also constructed. All extracts and samples were tested for mutagenicity using the standard Ames Salmonella assay. The results indicate an exposure time dependent increase in mutagenicity of the extracts, as seen with tester strain TA100 both with and without metabolic activation. The mutagenicity of the freeze-dried extracts well approximated the mutagenicity of the @entity3636 extracts, indicating that most mutagenicity can be extracted with @entity3636 . With the fractions the highest mutagenic responses were seen in the late, i.e., less lipophilic fractions. This response pattern seen in TA98 and TA100, mainly with S9 activation, was in contrast to the response of TA102 without S9, which was highest to the more lipophilic fractions. On a fraction level, no general exposure dependent increase of mutagenicity was observed. The results also show that photooxidation of @entity2340 gives rise to a different spectrum of products compared to pyrolysis. Both processes result in compounds with strong biological effects. Photooxidation results in compounds with low genotoxicity and high Ah receptor affinity while pyrolysis generates compounds with high genotoxicity and low or no Ah receptor affinity.

title: Mutagenicity of XXXX photoproducts in the Ames Salmonella assay.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Because up to 40 percent of surgically treated @entity1 with @entity263 are subsequently found to be clinically understaged, a more sensitive staging modality to identify extraprostatic disease prior to surgery is required. METHODS: We describe an enhanced reverse transcriptase [RT] polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay utilizing oligonucleotide primers specific for the @entity1 @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ). This assay identifies @entity1486 -synthesizing cells from reverse transcribed mRNA. This assay was applied to RNAs extracted from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 65 @entity1 with clinically @entity263 . In addition, blood from 20 @entity1 , 20 young @entity1 , 25 age-matched control @entity1 under treatment for @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ), and 18 @entity1 with established, untreated @entity263 was tested. RESULTS: An RT-PCR assay for @entity1486 can recognize one @entity1486 -expressing cell diluted into one hundred thousand lymphocytes. The sensitivity of this assay can be enhanced by the addition of @entity1859 -modified nucleotides to the PCR reaction and this assay was applied to RNAs extracted from the peripheral lymphocyte fraction of 148 @entity263 @entity1 and controls at this institution. Although no specimen from @entity1 or @entity1 without @entity5 was positive in this assay, 14 of 18 @entity263 @entity1 were positive (77.8%). Additionally, 25 of 65 (38.5%) @entity1 with clinically localized disease (T1-2b) were positive from blood specimens obtained prior to surgery. Final pathologic results from this group of @entity1 identified a correlation between positivity on this assay and the presence of capsular @entity5 penetration (sensitivity, 68%; specificity, 84%) as well as strong correlation with the finding of @entity189 at the surgical margin (sensitivity, 87%; specificity, 76%). Logarithmic regression analysis of the results of the RT-PCR assay indicates its remarkable superiority to digital rectal examination, computed tomography scan, endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging, @entity1486 , @entity1486 density, or Gleason score for predicting the true pathologic stage of @entity263 in these surgically treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: An RT-PCR assay using @entity1486 primers to detect prostate cells in the peripheral circulation of surgical-candidate @entity1 is significantly correlated with capsular penetration and @entity5 -positive surgical margins. This molecular assay provides a sensitive and specific means to stage correctly apparent @entity263 prior to radical prostatectomy.

title: Molecular staging of XXXX with the use of an enhanced reverse transcriptase-PCR assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'metastatic prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: In eight @entity1 carotid angiography was required for evaluation of transient @entity16 . Cerebral blood flow results, angiography and clinical observations subsequently suggested the diagnosis of @entity2704 . We measured plasma concentrations of substance @entity10133 ), neuropeptide Y ( @entity7766 ), calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity10132 ) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in repeated blood samples obtained from the carotid artery and the internal jugular vein in conjunction with cerebral angiography followed by 4 to 6 repeated recordings of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with the intracarotid Xenon-133 injection technique. This technique is known to induce attacks of @entity2795 in many sufferers. Four @entity1 developed aura symptoms. In three this was succeeded by throbbing @entity10 . Typical, @entity2704 -related, focal hypoperfusion occurred in conjunction with the aura symptoms. The remaining four @entity1 had no symptoms or rCBF changes. There were no systematic or statistically significant changes over time in arterial-venous plasma concentrations or in the release rates of any of the peptides. All migraineurs had an overall elevated mean @entity10132 value compared to control values from the literature. The overall plasma levels of the potent vasoconstrictor @entity7766 were higher (p < 0.10) in the group that developed symptoms and rCBF changes (136 pmol/l) than in the non-symptomatic group (97 pmol/l). The difference in @entity7766 levels could perhaps be associated with the focal rCBF decrease seen in the attack group.

title: Absence of vasoactive peptide release from brain to cerebral circulation during onset of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with aura']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological attacks']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2795 :: (MESH:D020325,Disease) :: ['migraine with aura']


abstract: Anterior communicating @entity438 was shown in a 48-year-old @entity1 who had suffered from @entity510 ( @entity510 ) by cerebral angiography. Right pterional approach was performed on the 40th day after @entity510 . @entity397 occurred during @entity439 and temporary clip (Scoville clip) was placed at the middle of the right A1 segment for fifteen minutes. the anterior communicating @entity438 was successfully clipped and postoperative course was uneventful. But, four days after the operation, the @entity1 fell into @entity772 following generalized tonic @entity410 . Lumbar puncture showed fresh @entity510 . Consciousness recovered gradually to a lethargic state. A newly formed @entity439 was revealed on the righ A1 segment at the site of the temporary clip application by cerebral angiography performed on the seventh day after aneurysmal surgery. Second attack occurred on the 12th postoperative day and the @entity1 died on the 16th day after the operation. Postmortem findings disclosed massive subarachnoid and @entity548 from the ruptured @entity439 at the right A1 segment. Microscopic examination of the @entity439 and the right A1 segment. microscopic examination of the @entity439 and the right A1 segment showed the extensive destruction of the artery and massive proliferation of aspergillus in the arterial wall which was prominent of its outer layer. The mechanism of the formation of the new @entity439 in this case was considered as follows: the arterial wall was primarily damaged by the temporary clip and was weakened rapidly by the invasion of aspergillus, probably producing @entity715 of the vast vasorum, @entity548 , and @entity39 in it.

title: [A rare case of XXXX at the site of temporary clip application].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal manipulation', 'aneurysm', 'berry aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Premature ruptured']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aspergillus aneurysm']


abstract: A case of a 56-year-old Korean @entity1 with @entity6583 was reported. This case demonstrated the first successful treatment with @entity2039 in Japan and also the usefulness of a low-dose regime in the treatment of @entity6583 . The @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with a 7 years history of generalized @entity410 and a 6 months history of gait disturbance. He had 6 subcutaneous nodules. A CT scan of the brain showed @entity45 containing a small calcification and the largest lesion measured 5 cm in diameter in the cerebellar vermis. Posterior fossa craniectomy was performed and the cyst was pathologically confirmed as @entity3993 . A month postoperatively the @entity1 was given @entity2039 50 mg/kg body weight in 3 divided doses per day. But medication with @entity2039 was stopped on the 5th day because of severe @entity10 , @entity390 and @entity391 . He was readmitted 6 months later with appearance of gait disturbance, left facial paresis and @entity1282 . A CT scan revealed enlargement of some of the residual cysts. The @entity1 was then given smaller doses of @entity2039 8 mg/kg body weight in 3 divided doses with steroid cover for 48 days. He experienced no side effect during the therapy and became free from the neurological symptoms. A CT scan showed complete disappearance and only numerous small calcifications of the cysts.

title: [Successful treatment of XXXX with @entity2039 ].

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity3993 :: ('MESH:D003551', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cysts']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['cerebral cysticercosis']


abstract: A case of a 56-year-old Korean @entity1 with @entity6583 was reported. This case demonstrated the first successful treatment with @entity2039 in Japan and also the usefulness of a low-dose regime in the treatment of @entity6583 . The @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with a 7 years history of generalized @entity410 and a 6 months history of gait disturbance. He had 6 subcutaneous nodules. A CT scan of the brain showed @entity45 containing a small calcification and the largest lesion measured 5 cm in diameter in the cerebellar vermis. Posterior fossa craniectomy was performed and the cyst was pathologically confirmed as @entity3993 . A month postoperatively the @entity1 was given @entity2039 50 mg/kg body weight in 3 divided doses per day. But medication with @entity2039 was stopped on the 5th day because of severe @entity10 , @entity390 and @entity391 . He was readmitted 6 months later with appearance of gait disturbance, left facial paresis and @entity1282 . A CT scan revealed enlargement of some of the residual cysts. The @entity1 was then given smaller doses of @entity2039 8 mg/kg body weight in 3 divided doses with steroid cover for 48 days. He experienced no side effect during the therapy and became free from the neurological symptoms. A CT scan showed complete disappearance and only numerous small calcifications of the cysts.

title: [Successful treatment of @entity6583 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity2039 :: (MESH:D011223,Chemical) :: ['praziquantel']


abstract: 1. Free and membrane-bound polyribosomes and ribosomal monomers were isolated from normal and @entity778 @entity19 spleens by means of discontinuous sucrose density gradients. 2. The addition of @entity73245 from @entity35 liver was essential to protect these polyribosomes from degradation. To separate the smooth and rough membranes from ribosomal monomers an additional centrifugation step through a continuous sucrose density gradient was necessary. 3. After infection a marked increase in rRNA from both membrane-bound and free polyribosomes was observed. Treatment of the membrane-bound polyribosomes with @entity6743 yielded only 80S particles even when @entity73245 was added. 4. A striking feature of the infected spleen was the occurrence of large polyribosomes. Up to 40 monomers per polyribosome could be counted on electron micrographs.

title: Free and membrane-bound polyribosomes in normal and XXXX @entity19 spleen cells.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Rauscher-virus-infected']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium deoxycholate']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['Rauscher-virus-infected']


abstract: 1. Free and membrane-bound polyribosomes and ribosomal monomers were isolated from normal and @entity778 @entity19 spleens by means of discontinuous sucrose density gradients. 2. The addition of @entity73245 from @entity35 liver was essential to protect these polyribosomes from degradation. To separate the smooth and rough membranes from ribosomal monomers an additional centrifugation step through a continuous sucrose density gradient was necessary. 3. After infection a marked increase in rRNA from both membrane-bound and free polyribosomes was observed. Treatment of the membrane-bound polyribosomes with @entity6743 yielded only 80S particles even when @entity73245 was added. 4. A striking feature of the infected spleen was the occurrence of large polyribosomes. Up to 40 monomers per polyribosome could be counted on electron micrographs.

title: Free and membrane-bound polyribosomes in normal and @entity778 XXXX spleen cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that intestinal motility is delayed after hepatectomy, which alters the ecology of the enteric microflora and contributes to the development of bacterial translocation from the gut. DESIGN: Open experimental study. SETTING: University department of surgery. MATERIAL: Adult male @entity35 (n = 6 in each group at each time point). INTERVENTIONS: Sham operation, 90% hepatectomy, and @entity432 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intestinal morphology, immunocytochemistry of the enteric nervous system, enteric bacterial growth in the small intestine and colon, and intestinal transit time. RESULTS: Intestinal transit was already delayed one hour after 90% hepatectomy, and histopathological alterations and @entity8032 by @entity526 had developed after two hours. There were significant differences in intestinal transit time between sham operated @entity35 and those subjected to @entity432 on the one hand, and those that underwent 90% hepatectomy on the other. There was no difference in intestinal transit time between @entity35 with @entity432 and the sham operated animals. CONCLUSION: Delayed intestinal transit after 90% hepatectomy may contribute to enteric @entity6124 and thereby contribute to the development of bacterial translocation from the gut.

title: The association between enteric XXXX and gastrointestinal motility after subtotal liver resection or portal vein obstruction in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['portal venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity6124 :: ('MESH:D001765', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial overgrowth']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['overgrowth']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia Coli']

answer: @entity6124 :: (MESH:D001765,Disease) :: ['bacterial overgrowth']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that intestinal motility is delayed after hepatectomy, which alters the ecology of the enteric microflora and contributes to the development of bacterial translocation from the gut. DESIGN: Open experimental study. SETTING: University department of surgery. MATERIAL: Adult male @entity35 (n = 6 in each group at each time point). INTERVENTIONS: Sham operation, 90% hepatectomy, and @entity432 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intestinal morphology, immunocytochemistry of the enteric nervous system, enteric bacterial growth in the small intestine and colon, and intestinal transit time. RESULTS: Intestinal transit was already delayed one hour after 90% hepatectomy, and histopathological alterations and @entity8032 by @entity526 had developed after two hours. There were significant differences in intestinal transit time between sham operated @entity35 and those subjected to @entity432 on the one hand, and those that underwent 90% hepatectomy on the other. There was no difference in intestinal transit time between @entity35 with @entity432 and the sham operated animals. CONCLUSION: Delayed intestinal transit after 90% hepatectomy may contribute to enteric @entity6124 and thereby contribute to the development of bacterial translocation from the gut.

title: The association between enteric @entity6124 and gastrointestinal motility after subtotal liver resection or portal vein obstruction in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between normal @entity1 fetal growth and the levels of insulin-like growth factors ( @entity442 , @entity5100 ), their receptors, and @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ) in both the maternal and fetal compartments. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from normal pregnant @entity1 (n = 52) and their fetuses (n = 32) via funipuncture at 21-34 weeks' gestation (mean 29 +/- 4.3) and from term neonates (n = 20) between 38-41 weeks (mean 39 +/- 0.9). Neonates were divided into two groups: the "large" group, whose weights were above the mean for gestational age, and the "small" group, whose weights were below the mean. Aliquots of @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) and serum samples were analyzed for levels of @entity442 , @entity5100 , and @entity2301 . Type 1 IGF receptors were assayed from placental extracts of first-trimester elective abortions and from term deliveries. RESULTS: Fetal @entity442 serum levels remained stable throughout most of pregnancy until 34 weeks' gestation (56 +/- 30 ng/mL). Thereafter, @entity442 increased significantly until term (79 +/- 8 ng/mL) (P < .05). Fetal @entity5100 levels were relatively unchanged from 23 weeks to term except for a significant increase at 34 weeks. Fetal serum levels of @entity2301 averaged 0.8 +/- 0.05 microgram/mL up to 30 weeks' gestation and then increased slightly toward term, at 0.96 +/- 0.05 micrograms/mL. At term, the levels of @entity442 and @entity5100 in the @entity6703 were not different from the levels in the neonatal serum, but were lower (P < .005) than those in maternal blood. All placental tissue obtained from first-trimester terminations of pregnancy assayed positive for IGF type 1 receptors. There was a direct correlation between neonatal weight and the levels of @entity442 (P < .02), but not with the levels of @entity5100 . There were no significant correlations between newborn weights and @entity2301 , or maternal serum levels of @entity442 and @entity5100 . Amniotic fluid @entity442 and @entity5100 levels were almost similar to fetal serum levels. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the presence of type 1 receptors and the bioavailability of @entity442 , @entity5100 , and @entity2301 throughout pregnancy. Insulin-like growth factor-I is shown to be adjunctively and directly associated with fetal size in normal pregnancies. The precise role that IGFs play in deviant fetal growth or whether IGFs can be used to treat reduced fetal growth remains unknown and awaits further investigation.

title: The relation between XXXX fetal growth and fetal blood levels of insulin-like growth factors I and II, their binding proteins, and receptors.

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-3', 'IGF binding protein-3']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid', 'AF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In this study we addressed the questions as to whether repair is confined to the nuclear matrix compartment, analogous to replication and transcription and how repair events are distributed in DNA loops associated with the nuclear matrix. Pulse labelling of ultraviolet (254 nm) irradiated confluent @entity1 fibroblasts revealed that repair was preferentially located in nuclear matrix associated DNA in cells exposed to 5 J/m2. However, in cells exposed to 30 J/m2 repair approached a random distribution. The non-random distribution of repair label at 5 J/m2 was most pronounced directly after irradiation and gradually changed to a more random distribution within two hours after treatment. The results of pulse-chase experiments exclude the possibility of transient binding of repair sites to the matrix and favour the model of preferential repair of DNA sequences permanently associated with the nuclear matrix. Pronounced differences in distribution pattern of repair events in DNA loops were found among normal and UV-sensitive cell lines exposed to 5 J/m2. Repair in nuclear matrix associated DNA was 1.7 fold more efficient than in loop DNA in normal and @entity2173 group D cells and over 3 fold in @entity2173 group C cells. In @entity14309 fibroblasts repair in nuclear matrix DNA was found to be 2 fold less efficient than in loop DNA. This heterogeneity in distribution of repair correlates well with preferential removal of @entity7391 dimers from transcriptionally active DNA in normal and @entity2173 group C cells and its absence in @entity14309 cells as recently reported by Mayne et al., 1988. The results suggest that @entity14309 cells have a defect in excision of UV-damage from transcriptionally active genes located proximal to the nuclear matrix. @entity2173 group C cells may possess a defect in DNA repair associated with chromatin regions outside transcriptionally active DNA.

title: Nuclear matrix associated DNA is preferentially repaired in normal @entity1 fibroblasts, exposed to a low dose of ultraviolet light but not in XXXX fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum', 'Xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity14309 :: ('MESH:D003057', 'Disease') :: ["Cockayne's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity14309 :: (MESH:D003057,Disease) :: ['Cockayne's syndrome']


abstract: In this study we addressed the questions as to whether repair is confined to the nuclear matrix compartment, analogous to replication and transcription and how repair events are distributed in DNA loops associated with the nuclear matrix. Pulse labelling of ultraviolet (254 nm) irradiated confluent @entity1 fibroblasts revealed that repair was preferentially located in nuclear matrix associated DNA in cells exposed to 5 J/m2. However, in cells exposed to 30 J/m2 repair approached a random distribution. The non-random distribution of repair label at 5 J/m2 was most pronounced directly after irradiation and gradually changed to a more random distribution within two hours after treatment. The results of pulse-chase experiments exclude the possibility of transient binding of repair sites to the matrix and favour the model of preferential repair of DNA sequences permanently associated with the nuclear matrix. Pronounced differences in distribution pattern of repair events in DNA loops were found among normal and UV-sensitive cell lines exposed to 5 J/m2. Repair in nuclear matrix associated DNA was 1.7 fold more efficient than in loop DNA in normal and @entity2173 group D cells and over 3 fold in @entity2173 group C cells. In @entity14309 fibroblasts repair in nuclear matrix DNA was found to be 2 fold less efficient than in loop DNA. This heterogeneity in distribution of repair correlates well with preferential removal of @entity7391 dimers from transcriptionally active DNA in normal and @entity2173 group C cells and its absence in @entity14309 cells as recently reported by Mayne et al., 1988. The results suggest that @entity14309 cells have a defect in excision of UV-damage from transcriptionally active genes located proximal to the nuclear matrix. @entity2173 group C cells may possess a defect in DNA repair associated with chromatin regions outside transcriptionally active DNA.

title: Nuclear matrix associated DNA is preferentially repaired in normal XXXX fibroblasts, exposed to a low dose of ultraviolet light but not in @entity14309 fibroblasts.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. The effects of the @entity1245 receptor agonist, @entity3175 (DZ), and the inverse agonist, @entity25528 ( @entity25528 ), on @entity1246 ( @entity8771 ) receptor single channel currents were characterized. Outside-out patches were obtained from somata of cultured @entity19 spinal cord neurones and voltage clamped at -75 mV (ECl = 0 mV). 2. @entity1246 (2 microM) alone or with DZ (20-1000 nM) or @entity25528 (20-100 nM) was applied to patches by pressure ejection from blunt micropipettes. DZ enhanced @entity8771 receptor currents with an inverted U-shaped concentration-response curve. Mean steady-state currents were increased by low concentrations of DZ (20-50 nM). At higher concentrations of DZ, the enhancement was diminished. Mean steady-state currents were decreased by @entity25528 at all concentrations. 3. @entity8771 receptor channels opened most frequently to a 27 pS main conductance level and less frequently to a 19 pS subconductance level. Neither DZ nor @entity25528 altered the proportion of time spent at either of the conductance levels. The kinetic properties of the main conductance level were studied. 4. Neither DZ nor @entity25528 altered the mean @entity8771 receptor channel open or burst durations. Sums of three exponential functions were required to fit best open and burst duration-frequency histograms for @entity1246 alone or with DZ or @entity25528 . No significant changes in the three time constants or areas of the three exponential functions for open or burst duration histograms were produced by DZ or @entity25528 . 5. With increasing concentrations of DZ up to 50 nM, @entity1246 evoked an increased frequency of channel openings and bursts. With higher DZ concentrations, the magnitudes of the increase in channel opening and burst frequencies were reduced. At all concentrations of @entity25528 , @entity1246 evoked a decreased frequency of channel openings and bursts. 6. Closed duration-frequency histograms for @entity1246 alone or with DZ or @entity25528 were best fitted by sums of at least six exponential functions. The three shortest closed duration time constants were unchanged by DZ or @entity25528 . The three longest closed duration time constants were altered by DZ and @entity25528 , consistent with alterations in opening frequency. 7. DZ increased and @entity25528 decreased steady-state @entity8771 receptor current by increasing or decreasing channel opening frequency without altering mean channel open duration. We propose that DZ and @entity25528 alter @entity8771 receptor current by acting reciprocally to increase or decrease only, respectively, the apparent agonist association rate at the first of two proposed @entity1246 binding steps without altering channel gating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity1245 and beta-carboline regulation of single XXXX receptor channels of @entity19 spinal neurones in culture.

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity25528 :: ('MESH:C034818', 'Chemical') :: ['DMCM', 'methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

answer: @entity8771 :: (14405(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['GABAA']


abstract: 1. The effects of the @entity1245 receptor agonist, @entity3175 (DZ), and the inverse agonist, @entity25528 ( @entity25528 ), on @entity1246 ( @entity8771 ) receptor single channel currents were characterized. Outside-out patches were obtained from somata of cultured @entity19 spinal cord neurones and voltage clamped at -75 mV (ECl = 0 mV). 2. @entity1246 (2 microM) alone or with DZ (20-1000 nM) or @entity25528 (20-100 nM) was applied to patches by pressure ejection from blunt micropipettes. DZ enhanced @entity8771 receptor currents with an inverted U-shaped concentration-response curve. Mean steady-state currents were increased by low concentrations of DZ (20-50 nM). At higher concentrations of DZ, the enhancement was diminished. Mean steady-state currents were decreased by @entity25528 at all concentrations. 3. @entity8771 receptor channels opened most frequently to a 27 pS main conductance level and less frequently to a 19 pS subconductance level. Neither DZ nor @entity25528 altered the proportion of time spent at either of the conductance levels. The kinetic properties of the main conductance level were studied. 4. Neither DZ nor @entity25528 altered the mean @entity8771 receptor channel open or burst durations. Sums of three exponential functions were required to fit best open and burst duration-frequency histograms for @entity1246 alone or with DZ or @entity25528 . No significant changes in the three time constants or areas of the three exponential functions for open or burst duration histograms were produced by DZ or @entity25528 . 5. With increasing concentrations of DZ up to 50 nM, @entity1246 evoked an increased frequency of channel openings and bursts. With higher DZ concentrations, the magnitudes of the increase in channel opening and burst frequencies were reduced. At all concentrations of @entity25528 , @entity1246 evoked a decreased frequency of channel openings and bursts. 6. Closed duration-frequency histograms for @entity1246 alone or with DZ or @entity25528 were best fitted by sums of at least six exponential functions. The three shortest closed duration time constants were unchanged by DZ or @entity25528 . The three longest closed duration time constants were altered by DZ and @entity25528 , consistent with alterations in opening frequency. 7. DZ increased and @entity25528 decreased steady-state @entity8771 receptor current by increasing or decreasing channel opening frequency without altering mean channel open duration. We propose that DZ and @entity25528 alter @entity8771 receptor current by acting reciprocally to increase or decrease only, respectively, the apparent agonist association rate at the first of two proposed @entity1246 binding steps without altering channel gating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX and beta-carboline regulation of single @entity8771 receptor channels of @entity19 spinal neurones in culture.

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['Benzodiazepine']


abstract: 1. The effects of the @entity1245 receptor agonist, @entity3175 (DZ), and the inverse agonist, @entity25528 ( @entity25528 ), on @entity1246 ( @entity8771 ) receptor single channel currents were characterized. Outside-out patches were obtained from somata of cultured @entity19 spinal cord neurones and voltage clamped at -75 mV (ECl = 0 mV). 2. @entity1246 (2 microM) alone or with DZ (20-1000 nM) or @entity25528 (20-100 nM) was applied to patches by pressure ejection from blunt micropipettes. DZ enhanced @entity8771 receptor currents with an inverted U-shaped concentration-response curve. Mean steady-state currents were increased by low concentrations of DZ (20-50 nM). At higher concentrations of DZ, the enhancement was diminished. Mean steady-state currents were decreased by @entity25528 at all concentrations. 3. @entity8771 receptor channels opened most frequently to a 27 pS main conductance level and less frequently to a 19 pS subconductance level. Neither DZ nor @entity25528 altered the proportion of time spent at either of the conductance levels. The kinetic properties of the main conductance level were studied. 4. Neither DZ nor @entity25528 altered the mean @entity8771 receptor channel open or burst durations. Sums of three exponential functions were required to fit best open and burst duration-frequency histograms for @entity1246 alone or with DZ or @entity25528 . No significant changes in the three time constants or areas of the three exponential functions for open or burst duration histograms were produced by DZ or @entity25528 . 5. With increasing concentrations of DZ up to 50 nM, @entity1246 evoked an increased frequency of channel openings and bursts. With higher DZ concentrations, the magnitudes of the increase in channel opening and burst frequencies were reduced. At all concentrations of @entity25528 , @entity1246 evoked a decreased frequency of channel openings and bursts. 6. Closed duration-frequency histograms for @entity1246 alone or with DZ or @entity25528 were best fitted by sums of at least six exponential functions. The three shortest closed duration time constants were unchanged by DZ or @entity25528 . The three longest closed duration time constants were altered by DZ and @entity25528 , consistent with alterations in opening frequency. 7. DZ increased and @entity25528 decreased steady-state @entity8771 receptor current by increasing or decreasing channel opening frequency without altering mean channel open duration. We propose that DZ and @entity25528 alter @entity8771 receptor current by acting reciprocally to increase or decrease only, respectively, the apparent agonist association rate at the first of two proposed @entity1246 binding steps without altering channel gating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity1245 and beta-carboline regulation of single @entity8771 receptor channels of XXXX spinal neurones in culture.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity4177 , although rare, is the most common primary @entity5 of the liver in @entity1 . In this paper we describe a case of @entity4177 with unusual cytologic features and present the histologic, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural features of this @entity5 . A 7-month-old @entity1 presented with a large hepatic mass and metastatic nodules in both lungs. Intraoperative biopsy revealed a @entity4177 . Aspiration biopsy yielded a highly cellular aspirate with cords of pleomorphic cells embedded in a mucoid matrix. Histologic sections showed a diffusely infiltrative @entity5 composed of sheets and cords of highly pleomorphic cells. The neoplastic cells stained strongly positive for cytokeratin CAM 5.2 and @entity1325 and focally positive for @entity160 , ferritin, carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity2277 . Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells had abundant intercellular junctions and intracytoplasmic aggregates of intermediate filaments. A mucoid matrix, to our knowledge, has not been reported as a finding on aspiration biopsy. This @entity1 presented with pulmonary metastases, and thus we think the mucoid matrix may be a marker of a more @entity146 . This case illustrates additional cytologic features of @entity4177 and the usefulness of aspiration biopsy in the rapid diagnosis of this rare @entity5 .

title: XXXX . Report of a case with cytologic, histologic and ultrastructural findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive variant of hepatoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasm', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatoblastoma', 'hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['Hepatoblastoma']


abstract: Starting from May, 1991, 35 untreated @entity1582 @entity1 entered a multicentric pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of a program of PBSC transplantation for previously untreated @entity1582 @entity1 . The schedule was as follows: 2 cycles of VAD followed by CY, 7 g/mq+ @entity1261 (Granulokine, Roche) for 14 days, to increase and collect PBSC. The subsequent conditioning regimen was Melphalan+Busulfan followed by @entity1261 . As maintenance R alpha-2 IFN was given, until relapse. The median follow-up is 14 months (4-22). On April 1993, 34 @entity1 received at least 2 cycles of VAD, 27 were submitted to PBSC collection, 22 received conditioning regimen plus PBSC and 16 of them are in the maintenance treatment with IFN. Considering 28 @entity1 for an intention to treat evaluation (35-7 in treatment), responding @entity1 are 71% with 46% who achieved CR. White cells and platelets raised to > 1000/mmc and > 50,000/mmc after a median period of 10 and 13 days, from CY, and 11 and 14 days from transplant, respectively. Two @entity1 relapsed, 2 others died while in PR because of @entity2834 epatitis and @entity55 . The median number of @entity2280 + cells and CFU-GM was 24.75 x 10(6)/kg b.w. and 28.1 x 10(4)/kg b.w. respectively. In conclusion this treatment seems to be feasible and with low @entity137 , but a longer follow-up is needed to evaluate the progression free survival of the high proportion of responding @entity1 that we observed.

title: Treatment of XXXX with autologous blood stem cell transplantation. Preliminary results of an Italian multicentric pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['candida pneumonia']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of radiotherapy in @entity1 with increased serum @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) levels 6 months or more after radical prostatectomy. DESIGN: In 27 Mayo Clinic @entity1 , we examined the results of radiotherapy relative to various potentially prognostic factors during a median follow-up of 25 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All 27 @entity1 had no nodal involvement at the time of prostatectomy and no clinical evidence of disease, as determined by history, physical examination, a radionuclide bone scan, computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, chest roentgenography, complete blood cell counts, and serum chemistry profiles. With use of 10-MV photons and a four-field approach, these @entity1 received irradiation to the prostatic bed (60 to 67 Gy in 1.8- to 2.0-Gy fractions). RESULTS: Levels of @entity1486 initially decreased in 24 of the 27 @entity1 (89%). In 16 of the 27 @entity1 (59%), the @entity1486 level decreased to 0.3 ng/mL or less without hormonal intervention. "Freedom from failure" (defined as the actuarial chance of maintaining a @entity1486 level of 0.3 ng/mL or less) was 58% at 2 years and 48% at 3 years. The response to salvage radiotherapy was more favorable in @entity1 with no @entity5 spread into the seminal vesicles and those with serum @entity1486 levels of less than 1.1 ng/mL at the beginning of radiotherapy than in those with seminal vesicle involvement or higher @entity1486 levels. In addition, @entity1 who received radiation doses of 64 Gy or more had more favorable responses than did those who received lesser doses. Radiotherapy resulted in no severe @entity137 . No @entity1 had clinical evidence of disease at the time of this report. CONCLUSION: Isolated increases in serum @entity1486 after prostatectomy indicate the presence of residual or recurrent disease, and radiotherapy effectively decreases the @entity1486 in approximately half the cases. This result is achieved by eradicating residual or recurrent @entity5 bed.

title: Radiotherapy for isolated increases in serum XXXX levels after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer in the postoperative tumor']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: From December 1988 to February 1991, 112 consecutive @entity1 were submitted to @entity1259 + @entity1138 chemotherapy as first-line treatment for @entity0 . @entity1259 (75 mg/m2) was given every 3 weeks and @entity1138 (10 mg/m2) every 6 weeks. Only @entity1 with visceral involvement or with a disease-free interval of less than 12 months were considered eligible. 102 @entity1 were evaluated for response and @entity137 in the present analysis. The main sites of involvement were viscera, soft tissues, bone in 71 (69.6%), 19 (18.6%) and 12 (11.8%) @entity1 , respectively. Multiple site involvement was present in 66 (64.7%) cases. A total of 726 courses of therapy were administered (range 2-14; mean 7.2). Follow-up ranged from 96 to 210 weeks (median follow-up 138 weeks). Response rate was complete response (CR): 21.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) +/- 0.8], partial response (PR) 49.0% (95% CI +/- 0.1), @entity66 ( @entity66 ) 12.7% (95% CI +/- 0.1), @entity74 ( @entity74 ) 16.7% (95% CI +/- 0.1), CR + PR: 70.6% (95% CI +/- 0.1). Median values of survival and time to progression were 79.4 and 42 weeks, respectively. At 2 years, 37.2 +/- 4.7% and 12.8 +/- 3.3% of the @entity1 , respectively, were alive or without evidence of progression. @entity137 was generally mild. One hundred and four (14.3%) cycles in 53 @entity1 were delayed due to haematological (82) or cardiac (3) @entity137 , @entity166 (11) or causes not related to the treatment (8).

title: Combination chemotherapy with XXXX and @entity1138 as first-line treatment in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin', 'Epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: From December 1988 to February 1991, 112 consecutive @entity1 were submitted to @entity1259 + @entity1138 chemotherapy as first-line treatment for @entity0 . @entity1259 (75 mg/m2) was given every 3 weeks and @entity1138 (10 mg/m2) every 6 weeks. Only @entity1 with visceral involvement or with a disease-free interval of less than 12 months were considered eligible. 102 @entity1 were evaluated for response and @entity137 in the present analysis. The main sites of involvement were viscera, soft tissues, bone in 71 (69.6%), 19 (18.6%) and 12 (11.8%) @entity1 , respectively. Multiple site involvement was present in 66 (64.7%) cases. A total of 726 courses of therapy were administered (range 2-14; mean 7.2). Follow-up ranged from 96 to 210 weeks (median follow-up 138 weeks). Response rate was complete response (CR): 21.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) +/- 0.8], partial response (PR) 49.0% (95% CI +/- 0.1), @entity66 ( @entity66 ) 12.7% (95% CI +/- 0.1), @entity74 ( @entity74 ) 16.7% (95% CI +/- 0.1), CR + PR: 70.6% (95% CI +/- 0.1). Median values of survival and time to progression were 79.4 and 42 weeks, respectively. At 2 years, 37.2 +/- 4.7% and 12.8 +/- 3.3% of the @entity1 , respectively, were alive or without evidence of progression. @entity137 was generally mild. One hundred and four (14.3%) cycles in 53 @entity1 were delayed due to haematological (82) or cardiac (3) @entity137 , @entity166 (11) or causes not related to the treatment (8).

title: Combination chemotherapy with @entity1259 and XXXX as first-line treatment in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: From December 1988 to February 1991, 112 consecutive @entity1 were submitted to @entity1259 + @entity1138 chemotherapy as first-line treatment for @entity0 . @entity1259 (75 mg/m2) was given every 3 weeks and @entity1138 (10 mg/m2) every 6 weeks. Only @entity1 with visceral involvement or with a disease-free interval of less than 12 months were considered eligible. 102 @entity1 were evaluated for response and @entity137 in the present analysis. The main sites of involvement were viscera, soft tissues, bone in 71 (69.6%), 19 (18.6%) and 12 (11.8%) @entity1 , respectively. Multiple site involvement was present in 66 (64.7%) cases. A total of 726 courses of therapy were administered (range 2-14; mean 7.2). Follow-up ranged from 96 to 210 weeks (median follow-up 138 weeks). Response rate was complete response (CR): 21.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) +/- 0.8], partial response (PR) 49.0% (95% CI +/- 0.1), @entity66 ( @entity66 ) 12.7% (95% CI +/- 0.1), @entity74 ( @entity74 ) 16.7% (95% CI +/- 0.1), CR + PR: 70.6% (95% CI +/- 0.1). Median values of survival and time to progression were 79.4 and 42 weeks, respectively. At 2 years, 37.2 +/- 4.7% and 12.8 +/- 3.3% of the @entity1 , respectively, were alive or without evidence of progression. @entity137 was generally mild. One hundred and four (14.3%) cycles in 53 @entity1 were delayed due to haematological (82) or cardiac (3) @entity137 , @entity166 (11) or causes not related to the treatment (8).

title: Combination chemotherapy with @entity1259 and @entity1138 as first-line treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: The involvement of @entity140 and @entity4176 receptors in @entity6191 was studied by intracerebroventricular injections of @entity140 , GDEE, @entity4176 and @entity5373 in WAG/Rij @entity35 . The WAG/Rij @entity35 is recognized as an animal model for @entity1 @entity2048 . EEG registrations showed that @entity140 (0.1 pmol/5 microliters; 1 pmol/5 microliters; 10 pmol/5 microliters) dose-dependently increased the nonconvulsive @entity2048 while GDEE (0.2 mumol/5 microliters; 1 mumol/5 microliters; 5 umol/5 microliters) caused a dose-dependent decrease. All effects of GDEE could be blocked by an inactive @entity140 dosage. @entity4176 (0.01 nmol/5 microliters; 0.1 nmol/5 microliters; 0.15 nmol/5 microliters) had no effects on the @entity6191 but induced @entity410 in the two highest dosages. @entity5373 (50 nmol/5 microliters; 100 nmol/5 microliters; 500 nmol/5 microliters) decreased dose-dependently the incidence of @entity6191 . The effect of @entity5373 could be blocked by a nonconvulsive dosage of @entity4176 . These results show that the @entity140 and @entity4176 receptor appear to be involved in @entity6191 . Furthermore, blockage of these two receptor subtypes led to an antiepileptic effect without inducing behavioural alterations. Therefore, selective @entity140 and @entity4176 receptor antagonists might be potent anti- @entity302 .

title: The WAG/Rij @entity35 model for nonconvulsive XXXX : involvement of nonNMDA receptors.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid', 'kainate', 'Kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['nonconvulsive epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat strain', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptics']

entities_list: @entity5373 :: ('MESH:D007736', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenic acid', 'Kynurenic acid']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['absence epilepsy']


abstract: The involvement of @entity140 and @entity4176 receptors in @entity6191 was studied by intracerebroventricular injections of @entity140 , GDEE, @entity4176 and @entity5373 in WAG/Rij @entity35 . The WAG/Rij @entity35 is recognized as an animal model for @entity1 @entity2048 . EEG registrations showed that @entity140 (0.1 pmol/5 microliters; 1 pmol/5 microliters; 10 pmol/5 microliters) dose-dependently increased the nonconvulsive @entity2048 while GDEE (0.2 mumol/5 microliters; 1 mumol/5 microliters; 5 umol/5 microliters) caused a dose-dependent decrease. All effects of GDEE could be blocked by an inactive @entity140 dosage. @entity4176 (0.01 nmol/5 microliters; 0.1 nmol/5 microliters; 0.15 nmol/5 microliters) had no effects on the @entity6191 but induced @entity410 in the two highest dosages. @entity5373 (50 nmol/5 microliters; 100 nmol/5 microliters; 500 nmol/5 microliters) decreased dose-dependently the incidence of @entity6191 . The effect of @entity5373 could be blocked by a nonconvulsive dosage of @entity4176 . These results show that the @entity140 and @entity4176 receptor appear to be involved in @entity6191 . Furthermore, blockage of these two receptor subtypes led to an antiepileptic effect without inducing behavioural alterations. Therefore, selective @entity140 and @entity4176 receptor antagonists might be potent anti- @entity302 .

title: The WAG/Rij XXXX model for nonconvulsive @entity2048 : involvement of nonNMDA receptors.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Over a ten year period, 5,954 @entity1 with @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) were hospitalized in our Institution. Of these, 1,000 cases were randomly chosen for the present study. Surgery was performed in 930 @entity1 : transurethral resection (TUR) in 665 (72%) and open prostatectomy in 265 (28%). The pathological analyses revealed @entity263 in 36 @entity1 (4%). Seven @entity1 were excluded: 5 due to a short follow-up (less than one year), one who had died from @entity1151 immediately postoperatively and one who had developed @entity3 a few months after the operation. The age of the 29 evaluable @entity1 ranged from 53 to 91 years (mean 72.7 years) and the overall mean follow-up was 43 months. Eighteen @entity1 staged A1 were treated conservatively and followed from 12 to 127 months (mean 53.5 months). Two @entity1 (11%) showed progression, one locally at 42 months (5.5%) and one developed bone @entity3 at 15 months (5.5%) and died at 27 months (Mortality: 5.5%). Of the eleven @entity1 with stage A2 @entity263 , 7 were managed conservatively (watchful waiting), 1 underwent radical prostatectomy and 3 received early hormone therapy for undifferentiated lesions. Five @entity1 progressed (45%), including the three @entity1 treated with early hormone therapy, 3 local (27%) and 2 systemic (18%). Two of the 11 @entity1 died from @entity5 (18%) and 2 from unrelated causes. The Gleason grading system and @entity5 volume (focal or diffuse) were compared as prognostic factors using the Kaplan-Meyer and log-rank test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Determination of prognostic factors in incidental XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: Treatment of @entity772 has been associated with a high mortality. The causes of @entity204 were analysed in this paper by retrospective study of the records of 11 @entity772 patients. The serum @entity1955 (T4) and @entity1954 (T3) levels were estimated retrospectively from the amounts of hormone given to the @entity1 by a two-compartment model. Seven @entity1 died and 4 survived. The @entity1 who died were significantly older (78.9 +/- 2.2 years, mean +/- SEM) than those who survived (66.8 +/- 3.7 years). The initial heart rate was lower in the decreased group, but both groups had increased their heart rate on treatment. The surviving @entity1 showed an increase in body temperature during the first 3 days of treatment, in contrast to the @entity1 who eventually died. The deceased @entity1 had received larger amounts of thyroid hormone and had calculated levels of T3 that were nearly twice as high as those of the surviving @entity1 . Old age and a high serum level of T3 are determinants for the fatal outcome of @entity772 . Our analysis underscores the importance of using a cautious replacement regimen in @entity772 @entity1 .

title: Treatment of XXXX --factors associated with fatal outcome.

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['myxoedema coma']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['myxoedema coma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with surgically resected @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: After @entity5 removal and thorough surgical staging, @entity1 were enrolled on this study and treated with three courses of @entity900 , @entity2879 , and @entity1732 ( @entity12962 ). Reassessment laparotomy was required of consenting, appropriate @entity1 initially, but became an optional procedure in 1989. RESULTS: Of 93 @entity1 assessable on this trial, 89 are continuously free of @entity5 . At second-look laparotomy, two other @entity1 were found to have small foci of @entity44 ; both remain clinically free of recurrence. One received subsequent alternate chemotherapy and one did not. Thus, 91 of 93 @entity1 are currently free of @entity5 . Follow-up duration ranges from 4.0 to 90.3 months, with 67 @entity1 monitored for longer than 2 years. Acute @entity137 was moderate. One @entity1 developed @entity6040 22 months after diagnosis. Another @entity1 was noted to have a @entity706 69 months after protocol treatment. CONCLUSION: Three courses of BEP will nearly always prevent recurrence in well-staged @entity1 with completely resected @entity43 and should be given to all such @entity1 . The development of @entity3052 as a complication of treatment is disturbing and mandates careful long-term follow-up, but is unusual and does not alter the risk-to-benefit ratio of treatment.

title: Adjuvant therapy of @entity43 with XXXX , @entity2879 , and @entity1732 : a trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'germ cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6040 :: ('MESH:D015479', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immature teratoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with surgically resected @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: After @entity5 removal and thorough surgical staging, @entity1 were enrolled on this study and treated with three courses of @entity900 , @entity2879 , and @entity1732 ( @entity12962 ). Reassessment laparotomy was required of consenting, appropriate @entity1 initially, but became an optional procedure in 1989. RESULTS: Of 93 @entity1 assessable on this trial, 89 are continuously free of @entity5 . At second-look laparotomy, two other @entity1 were found to have small foci of @entity44 ; both remain clinically free of recurrence. One received subsequent alternate chemotherapy and one did not. Thus, 91 of 93 @entity1 are currently free of @entity5 . Follow-up duration ranges from 4.0 to 90.3 months, with 67 @entity1 monitored for longer than 2 years. Acute @entity137 was moderate. One @entity1 developed @entity6040 22 months after diagnosis. Another @entity1 was noted to have a @entity706 69 months after protocol treatment. CONCLUSION: Three courses of BEP will nearly always prevent recurrence in well-staged @entity1 with completely resected @entity43 and should be given to all such @entity1 . The development of @entity3052 as a complication of treatment is disturbing and mandates careful long-term follow-up, but is unusual and does not alter the risk-to-benefit ratio of treatment.

title: Adjuvant therapy of @entity43 with @entity900 , XXXX , and @entity1732 : a trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with surgically resected @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: After @entity5 removal and thorough surgical staging, @entity1 were enrolled on this study and treated with three courses of @entity900 , @entity2879 , and @entity1732 ( @entity12962 ). Reassessment laparotomy was required of consenting, appropriate @entity1 initially, but became an optional procedure in 1989. RESULTS: Of 93 @entity1 assessable on this trial, 89 are continuously free of @entity5 . At second-look laparotomy, two other @entity1 were found to have small foci of @entity44 ; both remain clinically free of recurrence. One received subsequent alternate chemotherapy and one did not. Thus, 91 of 93 @entity1 are currently free of @entity5 . Follow-up duration ranges from 4.0 to 90.3 months, with 67 @entity1 monitored for longer than 2 years. Acute @entity137 was moderate. One @entity1 developed @entity6040 22 months after diagnosis. Another @entity1 was noted to have a @entity706 69 months after protocol treatment. CONCLUSION: Three courses of BEP will nearly always prevent recurrence in well-staged @entity1 with completely resected @entity43 and should be given to all such @entity1 . The development of @entity3052 as a complication of treatment is disturbing and mandates careful long-term follow-up, but is unusual and does not alter the risk-to-benefit ratio of treatment.

title: Adjuvant therapy of @entity43 with @entity900 , @entity2879 , and XXXX : a trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with surgically resected @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: After @entity5 removal and thorough surgical staging, @entity1 were enrolled on this study and treated with three courses of @entity900 , @entity2879 , and @entity1732 ( @entity12962 ). Reassessment laparotomy was required of consenting, appropriate @entity1 initially, but became an optional procedure in 1989. RESULTS: Of 93 @entity1 assessable on this trial, 89 are continuously free of @entity5 . At second-look laparotomy, two other @entity1 were found to have small foci of @entity44 ; both remain clinically free of recurrence. One received subsequent alternate chemotherapy and one did not. Thus, 91 of 93 @entity1 are currently free of @entity5 . Follow-up duration ranges from 4.0 to 90.3 months, with 67 @entity1 monitored for longer than 2 years. Acute @entity137 was moderate. One @entity1 developed @entity6040 22 months after diagnosis. Another @entity1 was noted to have a @entity706 69 months after protocol treatment. CONCLUSION: Three courses of BEP will nearly always prevent recurrence in well-staged @entity1 with completely resected @entity43 and should be given to all such @entity1 . The development of @entity3052 as a complication of treatment is disturbing and mandates careful long-term follow-up, but is unusual and does not alter the risk-to-benefit ratio of treatment.

title: Adjuvant therapy of XXXX with @entity900 , @entity2879 , and @entity1732 : a trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian germ cell tumors']


abstract: Vaginal exposures to talc and other particulates may play an etiologic role in @entity43 . Surgical sterilization may protect against @entity43 by blocking entry of such particulates into the peritoneal cavity. The authors assessed histories of talcum powder use, tubal sterilization, and hysterectomy with ovarian conservation in 188 @entity1 in the San Francisco Bay Area with epithelial @entity43 diagnosed in 1983-1985 and in 539 control @entity1 . To investigate the roles of blood-borne environmental exposures on @entity43 risk, they assessed lifetime consumption of coffee, @entity286 , and @entity285 in these @entity1 . Of the 539 controls, 280 were hospitalized @entity1 without @entity5 , and 259 were chosen from the general population by random digit telephone dialing. Ninety-seven (52%) of the @entity5 @entity1 habitually used talcum powder on the perineum, compared with 247 (46%) of the controls. Adjusted for parity, the relative risk (RR) = 1.40, p = 0.06. There were no statistically significant trends with increasing frequency or duration of talc use, and @entity1 did not differ from controls in use of talc on sanitary pads and/or contraceptive diaphragms. Fewer @entity43 @entity1 (7%) than controls (13%) reported prior fallopian tube ligation (RR, adjusted for parity, = 0.56, p = 0.06), and fewer @entity1 (20%) than controls (28%) reported prior hysterectomy (RR = 0.66, p = 0.05). The protective effect of hysterectomy was confined to those who underwent this surgery 10 or more years prior to interview and to those who had not undergone prior tubal sterilization. Consumption of cigarettes and @entity285 did not differ between cases and controls. By contrast, 11 (6%) cases never regularly consumed coffee, compared with 31 (11%) hospital controls and 26 (10%) population controls (RR, adjusted for smoking, = 2.2, p = 0.03, for the comparison using all controls). Overall, @entity43 risk among @entity1 who had drunk coffee for more than 40 years was 3.4 times that of @entity1 who had never regularly consumed coffee (p less than 0.01). However, the data exhibited no clear trends in risk with increasing consumption. Although risk ratios relating duration of coffee @entity43 were unaffected by adjustment for several characteristics, further study is needed to exclude potential confounding by other unmeasured characteristics.

title: Personal and environmental characteristics related to @entity43 . II. Exposures to talcum powder, @entity286 , XXXX , and coffee.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer', 'drinking to ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['overt cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Vaginal exposures to talc and other particulates may play an etiologic role in @entity43 . Surgical sterilization may protect against @entity43 by blocking entry of such particulates into the peritoneal cavity. The authors assessed histories of talcum powder use, tubal sterilization, and hysterectomy with ovarian conservation in 188 @entity1 in the San Francisco Bay Area with epithelial @entity43 diagnosed in 1983-1985 and in 539 control @entity1 . To investigate the roles of blood-borne environmental exposures on @entity43 risk, they assessed lifetime consumption of coffee, @entity286 , and @entity285 in these @entity1 . Of the 539 controls, 280 were hospitalized @entity1 without @entity5 , and 259 were chosen from the general population by random digit telephone dialing. Ninety-seven (52%) of the @entity5 @entity1 habitually used talcum powder on the perineum, compared with 247 (46%) of the controls. Adjusted for parity, the relative risk (RR) = 1.40, p = 0.06. There were no statistically significant trends with increasing frequency or duration of talc use, and @entity1 did not differ from controls in use of talc on sanitary pads and/or contraceptive diaphragms. Fewer @entity43 @entity1 (7%) than controls (13%) reported prior fallopian tube ligation (RR, adjusted for parity, = 0.56, p = 0.06), and fewer @entity1 (20%) than controls (28%) reported prior hysterectomy (RR = 0.66, p = 0.05). The protective effect of hysterectomy was confined to those who underwent this surgery 10 or more years prior to interview and to those who had not undergone prior tubal sterilization. Consumption of cigarettes and @entity285 did not differ between cases and controls. By contrast, 11 (6%) cases never regularly consumed coffee, compared with 31 (11%) hospital controls and 26 (10%) population controls (RR, adjusted for smoking, = 2.2, p = 0.03, for the comparison using all controls). Overall, @entity43 risk among @entity1 who had drunk coffee for more than 40 years was 3.4 times that of @entity1 who had never regularly consumed coffee (p less than 0.01). However, the data exhibited no clear trends in risk with increasing consumption. Although risk ratios relating duration of coffee @entity43 were unaffected by adjustment for several characteristics, further study is needed to exclude potential confounding by other unmeasured characteristics.

title: Personal and environmental characteristics related to XXXX . II. Exposures to talcum powder, @entity286 , @entity285 , and coffee.

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: Vaginal exposures to talc and other particulates may play an etiologic role in @entity43 . Surgical sterilization may protect against @entity43 by blocking entry of such particulates into the peritoneal cavity. The authors assessed histories of talcum powder use, tubal sterilization, and hysterectomy with ovarian conservation in 188 @entity1 in the San Francisco Bay Area with epithelial @entity43 diagnosed in 1983-1985 and in 539 control @entity1 . To investigate the roles of blood-borne environmental exposures on @entity43 risk, they assessed lifetime consumption of coffee, @entity286 , and @entity285 in these @entity1 . Of the 539 controls, 280 were hospitalized @entity1 without @entity5 , and 259 were chosen from the general population by random digit telephone dialing. Ninety-seven (52%) of the @entity5 @entity1 habitually used talcum powder on the perineum, compared with 247 (46%) of the controls. Adjusted for parity, the relative risk (RR) = 1.40, p = 0.06. There were no statistically significant trends with increasing frequency or duration of talc use, and @entity1 did not differ from controls in use of talc on sanitary pads and/or contraceptive diaphragms. Fewer @entity43 @entity1 (7%) than controls (13%) reported prior fallopian tube ligation (RR, adjusted for parity, = 0.56, p = 0.06), and fewer @entity1 (20%) than controls (28%) reported prior hysterectomy (RR = 0.66, p = 0.05). The protective effect of hysterectomy was confined to those who underwent this surgery 10 or more years prior to interview and to those who had not undergone prior tubal sterilization. Consumption of cigarettes and @entity285 did not differ between cases and controls. By contrast, 11 (6%) cases never regularly consumed coffee, compared with 31 (11%) hospital controls and 26 (10%) population controls (RR, adjusted for smoking, = 2.2, p = 0.03, for the comparison using all controls). Overall, @entity43 risk among @entity1 who had drunk coffee for more than 40 years was 3.4 times that of @entity1 who had never regularly consumed coffee (p less than 0.01). However, the data exhibited no clear trends in risk with increasing consumption. Although risk ratios relating duration of coffee @entity43 were unaffected by adjustment for several characteristics, further study is needed to exclude potential confounding by other unmeasured characteristics.

title: Personal and environmental characteristics related to @entity43 . II. Exposures to talcum powder, XXXX , @entity285 , and coffee.

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: The clinical, hemodynamic, surgical, and pathologic findings in 30 @entity1 who required mitral valvular surgery and who had a preoperative diagnosis of @entity3454 were reviewed. The mean age of the @entity1 was 59.5 years; 28 @entity1 were over 45 years of age and 10 were over 60 years. Surprisingly, 20 were males. A long history of systolic murmur was common, whereas symptoms of @entity712 were of abrupt onset. At the time of surgery, a local holosystolic murmur typical of @entity339 was present, although a mid- to late systolic click was not heard in any of the @entity1 . @entity854 were present in all @entity1 , with 13 @entity1 demonstrating @entity955 . Only four @entity1 had a normal heart size radiographically. Echocardiography confirmed the radiographic findings, in that 27 @entity1 demonstrated left @entity2224 . All 29 @entity1 undergoing cardiac catheterization and angiography demonstrated a prolapsing mitral valve with severe regurgitation. Surgical and pathologic examination revealed findings characteristic of a @entity340 in all @entity1 , with 19 also demonstrating @entity397 . This study demonstrates that @entity712 requiring valvular surgery occurs in a subset of @entity1 with @entity3454 . In this subset, males predominate and most are over 50 years of age. These @entity1 may be asymptomatic for many years, demonstrating mild to moderate mitral @entity340 , before @entity712 develops.

title: XXXX requiring surgery. Clinical and pathologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Electrocardiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured chordae tendineae']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous valve', 'valvular regurgitation']

answer: @entity3454 :: (MESH:D008945,Disease) :: ['Mitral valve prolapse']