abstract: To asses the characteristics of severe action @entity2045 in three @entity1 with @entity3148 ( @entity3148 ) due to @entity4085 . We assessed EEG-EMG coherence, relative power (RP) and bandwidth (BW) of the EMG-peak associated with @entity2045 ; we also evaluated somatosensory evoked potentials and long-loop reflexes (LLRs). We compared the findings with those obtained in ten @entity16045 ( @entity16045 ) @entity1 . The presentation of @entity4085 included macular cherry-red spot, @entity600 and @entity305 in the infantile form and @entity1952 in the juvenile form. From its onset in adolescence @entity2045 rapidly worsened, quickly leading to severe disability. In @entity4085 @entity1 , the EMG-peak was characterised by higher RP (p<0.01) and narrower BW (p<0.02) than in @entity16045 . EEG-EMG coherence values were higher (p<0.05) than in @entity16045 @entity1 . Taking into account both @entity4085 and @entity16045 @entity1 , the coherence values and the RP of the EMG-peak were directly correlated with the severity of the @entity2045 ; while BW values were inversely correlated. All these measures showed extreme values in @entity4085 @entity1 . In the @entity4085 @entity1 , the strongly rhythmic recurrence of the jerks reflected on LLR, which included multiple components. Subtle differences indicate an especially high level of cortical motor synchronization in the @entity4085 @entity1 , which may account for their particularly severe @entity73 . Neurophysiological indexes indicating high EEG-EMG synchronization parallels the severity of the @entity2045 .

title: Characterization of severe action XXXX in sialidoses.

entities_list: @entity16045 :: ('MESH:D020194', 'Disease') :: ['Unverricht-Lundborg', 'UL']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['sialidosis']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal malformation']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['progressive myoclonus epilepsy', 'PME']

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['myoclonus']


abstract: Clinical and audiological studies of 234 Saudi @entity1 from the central area of Saudi Arabia with progressive @entity1274 were carried out in Riyadh. One hundred and sixty-four came from 38 families, i.e. 70% of the total and 30% were sporadic cases. Consanguinity was found in 80.8%. Their @entity393 was characterized as being bilateral sensorineural, starting at 1 kHz frequency and gradually sloping the pure tone audiogram to severe and profound @entity393 at 8 kHz. Special tests for recruitment indicate hair cell lesions. Caloric tests were normal in 56 @entity1 tested. No abnormal internal ears were found in a C.T. scan done for 84 cases. Serology for @entity15206 and non- @entity15206 agents were done for (124) selected cases. Syphilis was negative, however, positive immunoglobulins for @entity2803 , herpes simplex type 1 and 2, and @entity3252 were seen in 52 cases. All @entity1 came from one area called Qassim where old customs and the tradition of consanguineous marriage were still practiced. Some of these families are now under molecular and cytogenetic study.

title: Familial hereditary progressive XXXX among Saudi population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate to which extent the systemic arterial pulse pressure could be used as a surrogate of cardiac output for assessing the effects of a fluid challenge and of @entity1063 . DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit. @entity1 : @entity1 with an @entity1457 who received a fluid challenge (228 @entity1 , group 1) or in whom @entity1063 was introduced or increased (145 @entity1 , group 2). INTERVENTIONS: We measured the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and the transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output before and after the therapeutic interventions. MAIN RESULTS: In group 1, the fluid challenge significantly increased cardiac output by 24%    25%. It significantly increased cardiac output by >= 15% (+35%    27%) in 142 @entity1 ("responders"). The fluid-induced changes in cardiac output were correlated with the changes in pulse pressure (r = .56, p < .0001), systolic arterial pressure (r = .55, p < .0001), diastolic arterial pressure (r = .37, p < .0001), and mean arterial pressure (r = .52, p < .0001). At multivariate analysis, changes in pulse pressure were significantly related to changes in @entity64 volume (multiple r = .52) and to age (r = .12). A fluid-induced increase in pulse pressure of >= 17% allowed detecting a fluid-induced increase in cardiac output of >= 15% with a sensitivity of 65[56-72]% and a specificity of 85[76-92]%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the fluid-induced changes in mean arterial pressure and in diastolic arterial pressure was significantly lower than for pulse pressure. In group 2, the introduction/increase of @entity1063 significantly increased cardiac output by 14%    18%. The changes in cardiac output induced by the introduction/increase in the dose of @entity1063 were correlated with the changes in pulse pressure and systolic arterial pressure (r = .21 and .29, respectively, p = .001) but to a significantly lesser extent than in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Pulse pressure and systolic arterial pressure could be used for detecting the fluid-induced changes in cardiac output, in spite of a significant proportion of false-negative cases. By contrast, the changes in pulse pressure and systolic arterial pressure were unable to detect the changes in cardiac output induced by @entity1063 .

title: Arterial pressure allows monitoring the changes in cardiac output induced by volume expansion but not by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['acute circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study. OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of different hinge positions on the clinical results of expansive open-door laminoplasty (EOLP) for cervical @entity602 (CSM). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: EOLP is currently the most widely adopted surgical treatment for CSM, although many long-term clinical follow-up studies have reported that most @entity1 recover satisfactorily after EOLP, there have been numerous reports regarding postoperative complications, such as @entity912 . The hinge position in EOLP plays a decisive role in determining the openness of the door so that affect clinical outcomes, whereas no thorough studies on the hinge positions have been published. METHODS: A total of 102 consecutive CSM @entity1 who underwent EOLP from February 2006 to February 2007 were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial and assigned alternatively to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Using a random digits table, 57 @entity1 with the hinge located at the inner margin of the lateral mass were classified as wide-open group, whereas 45 @entity1 with the hinge positioned at the lamina margin served as narrow-open group. All @entity1 were followed up over 24 months, clinical results including operation duration, @entity954 volume, Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores, axial symptoms assessment, and @entity2244 , and radiologic examinations like C2-C7 angle, cervical curvature index, and range of motion were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: In this study, there were no significant differences in terms of operation duration, @entity954 volume, neural function recovery rate, curvature index, and range of motion. The neural functions were satisfactorily improved after EOLP in both groups (Japanese Orthopaedic Association score developed from 7.2    1.1 to 14.3    1.2 and 8.1    0.9 to 15.1    1.6 with P = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively), whereas the severity of axial symptoms was significantly lower in narrow-open group than in wide-open group (P<0.01). The incidence of @entity2244 in wide-open group was higher than that in narrow-open group (5.3% vs. 0%), even though the difference did not reach statistical significance (1-tailed Fisher exact test, P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that proper inward shift of the hinge can ensure effectiveness of surgical decompression, avoid an excessive backward shift of the spinal cord, reduce the incidence of @entity2244 , and alleviate the severity of axial symptoms. In addition, an inward shift should be cautious and contraindicated in @entity1 with @entity850 , @entity3057 , and ossification of ligament flavum.

title: Influence of hinge position on the effectiveness of expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spondylotic myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis cervical stenosis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['stubborn axial symptoms and segmental motor paralysis']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spondylotic myelopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5083 ( @entity5083 ) is associated with @entity62 , but the extent and severity of the lesions do not cohere with symptoms or improvement after shunting, implying the presence of further, yet undisclosed, injuries to white matter in @entity5083 . OBJECTIVE: To apply diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to explore @entity62 in @entity1 with @entity5083 before and after drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 and 10 controls were included. DTI was performed in a 1.5T MRI scanner before and after 3-day drainage of 400 mL of CSF. Regions of interest included corpus callosum, capsula interna, frontal and lateral periventricular white matter, and centrum semiovale. White matter integrity was quantified by assessing fractional anisotropies (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC), comparing them between @entity1 and controls and between @entity1 before and after drainage. The significance level corresponded to .05 (Bonferroni corrected). RESULTS: @entity393 in @entity1 was found in 3 regions (P<.002, P<.001, and P<.001) in anterior frontal white matter, whereas elevated ADC was found in genu corpus callosum (P<.001) and areas of centrum semiovale associated with the precentral gyri (P<.002). Diffusion patterns in these areas did not change after drainage. CONCLUSION: DTI reveals subtle injuries-interpreted as axonal loss and @entity62 where high-order motor systems between frontal cortex and basal ganglia travel, further supporting the notion that motor symptoms in @entity5083 are caused by a chronic @entity63 to the neuronal systems involved in the planning processes of movements.

title: Diffusion tensor imaging reveals XXXX in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5083 :: ('MESH:D006850', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus', 'INPH']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased FA']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['gliosis-to anterior frontal white matter', 'white matter lesions']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['supplementary lesions to frontal white matter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dysfunction of the interventricular septum has been implicated in right ventricular (RV) failure. However, little is known about the relationship between ventricular septal and RV function in @entity1 without clinical @entity65 . We hypothesized that better septal function would be associated with higher RV ejection fraction and lower RV mass and volume by cardiac MRI. METHODS: In the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA), cardiac MRI was performed on community-based @entity1 without clinical @entity65 . Images were analyzed by the harmonic phase method to measure peak circumferential systolic midventricular strain for each wall (anterior, lateral, inferior, and septal). Multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models were used to assess the relationship between septal strain and RV morphology. RESULTS: There were 917 @entity1 (45.7% @entity1 ) with a mean age of 65.7 years. Better septal function was associated with higher RV ejection fraction in a nonlinear fashion after adjustment for all covariates (P = .03). There appeared to be a threshold effect for the contribution of septal strain to RV systolic function, with an almost linear decrement in RV ejection fraction with septal strain from -18% to -10%. Septal function was not related to RV mass or volume. CONCLUSIONS: Interventricular septal function was linked to RV systolic function independent of other left ventricular regions, even in individuals without clinical @entity65 . This finding confirms animal and @entity1 research suggesting the importance of septal function to the right ventricle and implies that changes in septal function could herald @entity67 . TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00005487; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.

title: Regional left ventricular systolic function and the right ventricle: the multi-ethnic study of XXXX right ventricle study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Concentrations of 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D have been positively associated with dietary @entity1372 and salt sensitivity (SS) of blood pressure (BP), and inversely with plasma @entity916 activity (PRA). We investigated the association between PRA and @entity14257 (25OHD), the most clinically relevant @entity560 metabolite, and whether 25OHD associates with SS of BP in @entity916 phenotypes of @entity101 . METHODS: We performed cross-sectional analyses on 223 Caucasian subjects with @entity101 maintained in high and low dietary @entity1372 balance. Subjects were distinguished as having low- @entity916 (LR) or normal- @entity916 (NR) @entity101 . Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate adjusted relationships. RESULTS: Increasing 25OHD concentrations were inversely associated with PRA (p < 0.05) on both salt diets. Furthermore, 25OHD was associated with SS of BP in LR @entity101 (b = 0.62, p = 0.04), but not in NR @entity101 (b = 0.06, p = 0.59). In an adjusted multivariable interaction model, @entity916 status (LR vs. NR) was a significant effect modifier of the relationship between 25OHD and SS of BP (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that 25OHD is inversely associated with PRA and positively associated with SS of BP in LR @entity101 subjects. These results extend and support prior evidence indicating an interaction between dietary @entity1372 , the RAS, and @entity560 that influences BP in @entity101 .

title: @entity14257 is associated with plasma XXXX activity and the pressor response to dietary @entity1372 intake in Caucasians.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Concentrations of 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D have been positively associated with dietary @entity1372 and salt sensitivity (SS) of blood pressure (BP), and inversely with plasma @entity916 activity (PRA). We investigated the association between PRA and @entity14257 (25OHD), the most clinically relevant @entity560 metabolite, and whether 25OHD associates with SS of BP in @entity916 phenotypes of @entity101 . METHODS: We performed cross-sectional analyses on 223 Caucasian subjects with @entity101 maintained in high and low dietary @entity1372 balance. Subjects were distinguished as having low- @entity916 (LR) or normal- @entity916 (NR) @entity101 . Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate adjusted relationships. RESULTS: Increasing 25OHD concentrations were inversely associated with PRA (p < 0.05) on both salt diets. Furthermore, 25OHD was associated with SS of BP in LR @entity101 (b = 0.62, p = 0.04), but not in NR @entity101 (b = 0.06, p = 0.59). In an adjusted multivariable interaction model, @entity916 status (LR vs. NR) was a significant effect modifier of the relationship between 25OHD and SS of BP (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that 25OHD is inversely associated with PRA and positively associated with SS of BP in LR @entity101 subjects. These results extend and support prior evidence indicating an interaction between dietary @entity1372 , the RAS, and @entity560 that influences BP in @entity101 .

title: XXXX is associated with plasma @entity916 activity and the pressor response to dietary @entity1372 intake in Caucasians.

answer: @entity14257 :: (MESH:C104450,Chemical) :: ['25-Hydroxyvitamin D']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Concentrations of 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D have been positively associated with dietary @entity1372 and salt sensitivity (SS) of blood pressure (BP), and inversely with plasma @entity916 activity (PRA). We investigated the association between PRA and @entity14257 (25OHD), the most clinically relevant @entity560 metabolite, and whether 25OHD associates with SS of BP in @entity916 phenotypes of @entity101 . METHODS: We performed cross-sectional analyses on 223 Caucasian subjects with @entity101 maintained in high and low dietary @entity1372 balance. Subjects were distinguished as having low- @entity916 (LR) or normal- @entity916 (NR) @entity101 . Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate adjusted relationships. RESULTS: Increasing 25OHD concentrations were inversely associated with PRA (p < 0.05) on both salt diets. Furthermore, 25OHD was associated with SS of BP in LR @entity101 (b = 0.62, p = 0.04), but not in NR @entity101 (b = 0.06, p = 0.59). In an adjusted multivariable interaction model, @entity916 status (LR vs. NR) was a significant effect modifier of the relationship between 25OHD and SS of BP (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that 25OHD is inversely associated with PRA and positively associated with SS of BP in LR @entity101 subjects. These results extend and support prior evidence indicating an interaction between dietary @entity1372 , the RAS, and @entity560 that influences BP in @entity101 .

title: @entity14257 is associated with plasma @entity916 activity and the pressor response to dietary XXXX intake in Caucasians.

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: The aim of all breast screening programmes is a reduction in deaths from the disease. It is hoped that this can be achieved with minimal intervention in the @entity1 cohort who do not have @entity5 . In this study we have assessed the efficacy of a combination of mammographic and cytological scoring systems in the evaluation of 208 @entity1 with screen-detected non-palpable @entity1558 . All mammograms were scored 1-5 and those with a score of 3 or more required needle localization. A cytology score of 1 to 5 was generated for each @entity1 according to a similar system and an aggregate score for each @entity1 was achieved by the addition of the mammographic and cytology score. Ninety-three of the 208 @entity1 had malignancy--the positive predictive value for mammography alone in this series was 45%. All 58 @entity1 who had an aggregate score of 8 or greater had @entity5 . The 60 @entity1 who had an aggregate score of 4 had benign disease on excision biopsy. We suggest that a 'wait and repeat mammogram' approach is appropriate in @entity1 with grade 3 mammography and benign (grade 1) cytology. @entity1 with an intermediate aggregate score of 5-7 should have an excision biopsy and those with an aggregate score of 8 could have definitive surgery rather than excision biopsy. Application of this aggregate scoring technique would enhance the delivery of more appropriate surgery to a majority of @entity1 with screen-detected @entity1558 .

title: Prospective evaluation of a composite scoring system for mammographically detected cytologically assessed impalpable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions', 'breast abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms inducing steroidogenesis in @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ) remain poorly defined. It was recently demonstrated that some G-protein-coupled receptors are abnormally expressed in @entity1369 -producing @entity652 (APA). We evaluated the potential role of LH and GNRH receptors ( @entity10548 (or @entity10548 ) and @entity23042 ) in regulating @entity1369 secretion in a @entity1 with APA arising during pregnancy (index case) and in a subset of other @entity1 with @entity1368 . @entity1 AND METHODS: GNRH test was performed in the index case, 11 other @entity1368 , and 5 controls. @entity23042 and @entity10548 expressions were examined in 23 APA and 6 normal tissues. RESULTS: @entity1369 response increased significantly (114%) in the index case after GNRH test was performed preoperatively, while it was blunted after adrenalectomy. @entity1369 also increased after @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin and @entity19040 stimulation. A partial @entity1369 response to GNRH was observed in other 7/11 @entity1368 , while a significant response was observed in two @entity1 . Controls did not respond to GNRH test. @entity23042 was overexpressed and @entity10548 expression was moderate in the APA tissue from the index case. Moreover, @entity10548 was found in normal adrenals and overexpressed in 6/22 APA. @entity23042 was overexpressed in 6/22 APA, 2 of them with a 95- and 109-fold higher expression than normal. A correlation between the clinical and molecular findings was observed in five out of seven @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We describe a case of @entity1368 diagnosed during pregnancy, which appeared to correlate with aberrant @entity10548 and @entity23042 expression. Our findings suggest that a subset of @entity1 with @entity1368 has aberrant @entity10548 and @entity23042 expression, which could modulate @entity1369 secretion.

title: A case of XXXX in pregnancy: do LH and GNRH receptors have a potential role in regulating @entity1369 secretion?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity19040 :: ('MESH:D017329', 'Chemical') :: ['triptorelin']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['primary aldosteronism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms inducing steroidogenesis in @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ) remain poorly defined. It was recently demonstrated that some G-protein-coupled receptors are abnormally expressed in @entity1369 -producing @entity652 (APA). We evaluated the potential role of LH and GNRH receptors ( @entity10548 (or @entity10548 ) and @entity23042 ) in regulating @entity1369 secretion in a @entity1 with APA arising during pregnancy (index case) and in a subset of other @entity1 with @entity1368 . @entity1 AND METHODS: GNRH test was performed in the index case, 11 other @entity1368 , and 5 controls. @entity23042 and @entity10548 expressions were examined in 23 APA and 6 normal tissues. RESULTS: @entity1369 response increased significantly (114%) in the index case after GNRH test was performed preoperatively, while it was blunted after adrenalectomy. @entity1369 also increased after @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin and @entity19040 stimulation. A partial @entity1369 response to GNRH was observed in other 7/11 @entity1368 , while a significant response was observed in two @entity1 . Controls did not respond to GNRH test. @entity23042 was overexpressed and @entity10548 expression was moderate in the APA tissue from the index case. Moreover, @entity10548 was found in normal adrenals and overexpressed in 6/22 APA. @entity23042 was overexpressed in 6/22 APA, 2 of them with a 95- and 109-fold higher expression than normal. A correlation between the clinical and molecular findings was observed in five out of seven @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We describe a case of @entity1368 diagnosed during pregnancy, which appeared to correlate with aberrant @entity10548 and @entity23042 expression. Our findings suggest that a subset of @entity1 with @entity1368 has aberrant @entity10548 and @entity23042 expression, which could modulate @entity1369 secretion.

title: A case of @entity1368 in pregnancy: do LH and GNRH receptors have a potential role in regulating XXXX secretion?

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: The objective was to analyse clinical and non-clinical factors associated with the receipt of a prescription for a @entity1245 among general practice @entity1 . A survey of 110 consecutive @entity1 encounters (consultations) as recorded by a representative sample of general practitioners in inner urban, outer urban and rural settings was designed. A total of 286 general practitioners took part during 1991-2. 31,256 @entity1 (10,683 male; 34%) were surveyed and the odds of receiving a @entity1245 script measured. @entity22 , unlike @entity148 , was almost routinely managed with a @entity1245 alone ( @entity22 89.6%; @entity148 49.4%), whereas @entity148 was more likely to be managed with non-drug management ( @entity22 7.2%; @entity148 38.3%). In multiple logistic regression, the variables significantly associated with the prescription of a @entity1245 included being a female @entity1 , being an older @entity1 and being an established @entity1 , who attends a GP working in a busy practice in an inner urban area. A second regression model was run with the addition of three variables, namely the presenting problems of @entity148 and @entity22 , and the number of health problems. The only predictors of @entity1245 prescribing in the full model were these three clinical variables together with @entity1 age. There is a need to educate doctors about the non-drug management of @entity22 . The stereotype of the doctor over-prescribing a @entity1245 without an appropriate problem/diagnosis should be questioned. On the other hand, there is concern that @entity1 age continues to be associated with a prescription of these medications, when all other clinical and non-clinical factors are taken into account.

title: XXXX prescribing in general practice: dispelling some myths.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['Benzodiazepine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Accurate preoperative clinical assessment of @entity4134 can optimize outcomes by ensuring appropriate and timely surgery. This article addresses whether a new technology, ovarian HistoScanning, has an additional diagnostic value in mathematical models developed for the differential diagnosis of @entity4134 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Transvaginal sonography-based morphological variables were obtained through blinded analysis of archived images in 199 @entity1 enrolled in a prospective study to assess the performance of ovarian HistoScanning. Logistic regression (LR) and @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) models including these variables and clinical and @entity1 data along with the HistoScanning score (HSS) (range, 0-125; based on mathematical algorithms) were developed in a learning set (60% @entity1 ). The remaining 40% @entity1 (evaluation set) were used to assess model performance. RESULTS: Of all morphological and clinical variables tested, serum @entity10224 , presence of a solid component, and HSS were most significant and used to develop the LR model. The @entity1274 model included all variables. The novel variable, HSS, offered significant improvement in the LR and @entity1274 models' performance. The LR and @entity1274 models in an independent evaluation set were found to have area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 94-99) and 0.93 (95% CI, 88-98), sensitivities = 83% (95% CI, 71%-91%) and 80% (95% CI, 67%-89%), and specificities = 98% (95% CI, 89%-99%) and 86% (95% CI, 72%-95%), respectively. In addition, these models showed an improved performance when compared with 3 other existing models (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This initial report shows a clear benefit of including ovarian HistoScanning into mathematical models used for discriminating benign from malignant ovarian masses. These models may be specifically helpful to the less experienced examiner. Future research should assess performance of these models in prospective clinical trials in different populations.

title: Mathematical models to discriminate between benign and malignant XXXX : potential diagnostic improvement using ovarian HistoScanning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural network', 'NN']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal masses']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['adnexal masses']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) treatment for subjects with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and to determine the dental parameters associated with treatment outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This study uses a prospective longitudinal design. METHODS: Consecutive Chinese subjects with severe @entity27 who refused continuous positive airway pressure treatment were recruited. Their dental measurements were taken from lateral cephalometric radiographs. Polysomnograms with @entity1697 were repeated at 3 months and 1 year. Blood pressure was taken in the morning after sleep studies. RESULTS: Thirty-four subjects were evaluated at 3 months and 1 year according to the principle of intention-to-treat analysis. @entity1697 reduced AHI significantly in subjects with favorable responses, from 49.3 (37.4-67) to 12.5 (6.1-15.7), p   <   0.001 at 3 months and from 47.5 (41.1-72.9) to 13.1 (6.0-14.0), p   <   0.001 at 1 year. These @entity27 subjects had an increased overjet at baseline compared to those with unfavorable responses (p    <=   0.05). Systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in those @entity101 @entity27 subjects after 3 months and 1 year of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1697 reduces the severity of @entity387 , and the effect is maintained at 1 year in subjects with retrognathism. @entity1697 appears to reduce systolic blood pressure in @entity101 @entity27 subjects at 3 months and 1 year.

title: The efficacy of oral appliances in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['severe obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral appliance', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['severe obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: Thermoregulatory responses of eight healthy subjects (six @entity1 and two @entity1 ) were compared when they were head-out immersed in 15 degrees C water at both 1 and 6 ATA. Both trials were conducted in a hyperbaric chamber. During the immersions, esophageal temperature (T(es)) and skin temperature at two sites (chest and @entity291 ) were recorded at minute intervals. @entity26 uptake was determined at 5-min intervals with the Douglas bag method. The order of the two trials was alternated. The rate of T(es) cooling was greater during the 6-ATA trial [2.1 +/- 0.5 degrees C/h (SE)] than during the 1-ATA trial (1.3 +/- 0.5 degrees C/h; P < 0.01). Despite the greater rate of core cooling, and presumably a greater thermal drive for shivering, the @entity26 uptake response for a similar decrement in T(es) was lower during exposure to 6 than to 1 ATA (P < 0.05). Also, for similar displacement in T(es), the subjects perceived the immersions at 6 ATA to be less cold than those at 1 ATA (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the development of @entity2332 in compressed-air divers may be due, in large part, to the attenuation of heat production and cold perception. Most likely, the observed effects on the autonomic responses and thermal perception are due to an inhibitory action of hyperbaric @entity1568 on central neural structures involved in temperature regulation.

title: XXXX narcosis attenuates shivering thermogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['Nitrogen']


abstract: DNA sequence analysis of the modABCD operon of @entity526 revealed the presence of four open reading frames. The first gene, modA, codes for a 257- @entity535 periplasmic binding protein enunciated by the presence of a signal peptide-like sequence. The second gene (modB) encodes a 229- @entity535 protein with a potential membrane location, while the 352- @entity535 ModC protein (modC product) contains a @entity377 -binding motif. On the basis of sequence similarities with proteins from other transport systems and molybdate transport proteins from other organisms, these three proteins are proposed to constitute the molybdate transport system. The fourth open reading frame (modD) encodes a 231- @entity535 protein of unknown function. Plasmids containing different mod genes were used to map several molybdate-suppressible @entity3782 -resistant mutants; interestingly, none of the 40 mutants tested had a mutation in the modD gene. About 35% of these @entity3782 -resistant mutants were not complemented by mod operon DNA. These mutants, designated mol, contained mutations at unknown chromosomal location(s) and produced @entity5189 hydrogenlyase activity only when cultured in molybdate-supplemented @entity413 -minimal medium, not in L broth. This group of mol mutants constitutes a new class of molybdate utilization mutants distinct from other known mutants in molybdate metabolism. These results show that molybdate, after transport into cells by the ModABC proteins, is metabolized (activated?) by the products of the mol gene(s).

title: Genetic analysis of the modABCD (molybdate transport) operon of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity3782 :: ('CHEBI:49709', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorate']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: We have shown previously that smoking causes a first @entity583 ( @entity583 ) to occur significantly more prematurely in @entity1 than in @entity1 . The aim of the study was to investigate mortality after @entity583 with special emphasis on the impact of smoking and gender. The study included 2,281 consecutive @entity1 (36.8% @entity1 ) who died or were discharged from a central hospital with a diagnosis of @entity583 from 1998 to 2005; the median follow-up of survivors was 7 years. @entity204 after @entity583 was adjusted for confounders. Mean age for @entity1 was 5.8 years older than for @entity1 (76.0 vs. 70.2 years) and @entity1 were less likely to have been smokers. In-hospital mortality for the first @entity583 was 8.9% for @entity1 and 13.3% for @entity1 , and total mortality rates for all indexed @entity583 after 7 years were 47% for @entity1 and 61% for @entity1 . Using Cox regression analysis, with all indexed MIs included, the after-discharge mortality for @entity1 was significantly lower than for @entity1 (hazard ratio 0.82; 95% confidence interval 0.70-0.96; P = 0.015). Compared with non-smokers, @entity1 who were smokers on admission had significantly increased seven-year mortality after discharge (hazard ratio 1.30; 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.63; P = 0.002). In conclusion, current smoking at the time of the indexed @entity583 was associated with increased mortality after 7 years follow-up. The smoking effect was independent of gender. Female gender was associated with a moderately lower risk of @entity204 during the same follow-up period.

title: Mortality after XXXX : impact of gender and smoking status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Continuous arterio-venous haemofiltration (CAVH), a simple technique not employing pumps, was used for treatment of @entity810 in 25 intensive care @entity1 (mean age 52 +/- 16 [SD] years). @entity810 was due to @entity130 in 9 @entity1 , occurred after surgery in 7 @entity1 and was related to @entity295 in 5 @entity1 , @entity298 in 2 @entity1 and @entity788 in one @entity1 ; in one @entity1 @entity810 developed during pregnancy after preexisting @entity8 . Seventeen @entity1 were oliguric and 8 @entity1 were non-oliguric, with a mean daily urine output of 507 +/- 407 ml. At the start of CAVH the serum @entity1011 level was 511 +/- 198 mumol/l. The duration of treatment with CAVH was 1 to 36 days (average 9.3 days). Access to the circulation was by cannulation of the femoral artery and vein in 23 @entity1 and by Scribner shunt in 2 @entity1 . After an initial systemic dose of 2000 IU heparin, a continuous infusion of 250-1000 IU/hr into the arterial blood line was administered, adjusted to a partial thrombin time of 58 +/- 28 sec. With this heparin regimen a single haemofilter could be used for an average time of 2.6 +/- 1.2 days. The mean spontaneous filtration rate was 6 +/- 2 ml/min, resulting in the following serum levels: @entity1011 490 +/- 187 mumol/l; @entity1133 39 +/- 12.5 mmol/l; @entity972 4.5 +/- 0.5 mmol/l. Nine catheter-associated complications occurred in 5 @entity1 . The most important aspect of CAVH was its simplicity, optimal control of fluid balance and the possibility of unlimited parenteral nutrition. @entity5507 was adequately and continuously controlled. Prognosis of ARF was related to the @entity1 ' underlying illness.

title: [Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration for the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney failure']


abstract: To assess the impact of an aggressive approach (early operation, graft removal, and extraanatomic bypass) adopted by us 5 years ago in @entity1 with aortic synthetic grafts and @entity360 , we reviewed our 15 year experience with aortoenteric @entity292 in 13 @entity1 . The courses of six @entity1 from the recent series (1979 through 1984) were contrasted with those of seven @entity1 from our earlier series (1968 through 1978). Twelve of 13 @entity1 presented with @entity360 (usually low volume), and no @entity1 presented in shock. Six of seven @entity1 in Series I (earlier series) had positive blood cultures, whereas only two of six in Series II (recent series) had this finding. Of the 13 @entity1 , 10 underwent preoperative endoscopy. It was only with consistent visualization of third and fourth portions of the duodenum that a diagnosis of aortoenteric @entity292 was established (three of four @entity1 75 percent). Although the upper gastrointestinal series was abnormal more frequently (five of seven @entity1 , 71 percent) than arteriograms (three of nine @entity1 , 33 percent), the latter was more specific for a predisposing lesion. At surgery, nine (70 percent) @entity1 had an anastomotic @entity292 and four (30 percent), a false @entity439 . Although only one of seven @entity1 in Series I survived (14 percent), four of six @entity1 in Series II were alive at last follow-up in September 1984 (67 percent). Early diagnosis followed by prompt operation with removal of the synthetic graft and extraanatomic bypass is associated with an improved survival for @entity1 with aortoenteric @entity292 , but the degree of @entity295 as indicated by positive blood cultures appears to be an important prognostic sign.

title: Improvements in the diagnosis and management of aortoenteric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative sepsis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: The present review deals with 63 adult @entity1 having acute nontuberculous @entity3509 treated by early thoracotomy and decortication, during the period from 1955 through 1979. Group I (38 @entity1 ) had postpneumonic @entity3509 , but no underlying disease. Group II (25 @entity1 ) had acute @entity3509 and one or more serious associated diseases. Positive cultures were present in 45 of 63 @entity1 (71.4%). Most surgeons have customarily recommended conservative management, especially for @entity1 in Group II, because of the supposedly "high risk" involved in decortication. Consequently, the mortality is extremely high. The @entity3509 must be cured; a "well drained" or "controlled" @entity3509 will not suffice. The severely ill @entity1 can better withstand the ordeal of a major operation than the deleterious effects of a lingering @entity3509 . The critically ill @entity1 is best managed by the primary procedure of open thoracotomy and decortication. The author's experience confirms that such @entity1 can expect an outlook (8% mortality) approaching the zero mortality of Group I @entity1 .

title: Early thoracotomy and decortication for nontuberculous XXXX in adults with and without underlying disease. A twenty-five year review.

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyema']


abstract: Since it is impossible to estimate radiation @entity105 in @entity1 , particularly its type and the magnitude of risk, from data obtained from animal experiments, it is necessary to conduct studies directly using epidemiological data on @entity1 populations. In addition to @entity1129 , populations subject to occupational exposure and medical exposure are considered as samples for epidemiological study of radiation @entity105 . With regard to @entity1129 , the Japanese National Institute of Health and the Atomic Bomb Causality Commission ( @entity11092 ) of the U.S. initiated joint programs in 1947, two years after the bombings, and they have energetically engaged in research activities since then. Especially after 1950 a fixed population of approximately 110,000 individuals, composed of @entity1129 and non-exposed subjects as controls, was established and a large-scale epidemiological prospective study has been conducted for a long-term follow-up of the population. In 1970 the @entity11092 was reorganized as the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, a joint U.S.-Japan research organization, but the research programs have been continued. The results are often cited as the most reliable data available in the reports of both the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR report) and the U.S. Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR report), and are also regarded as important data in the calculation of permissible dose (dose limit) by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Scientists from various countries other than the U.S., such as the United Kingdom, Israel, the @entity1 's Republic of China and Indonesia in the capacity of visiting research fellows have engaged in collaborative studies in the fields of epidemiology, immunology, cytogenetics and pathology at the REF Recently a British biostatistician, engaged in an analysis of the follow-up study for a fixed population of approximately 20,000 individuals who underwent radiotherapy for @entity1691 in the United Kingdom, joined the Foundation to make a comparative study of research data concerning a fixed population of @entity1129 , especially the mortality rate from @entity5 , using the same analytical method as that employed in England and confirmed that the developmental pattern of radiation-induced @entity5 is almost the same in the two populations. This is one typical example of the collaborative studies being carried out. At present, reassessment of radiation dosimetry, which provides a basis for risk estimation, is being conducted with the cooperation of radiation physicists in U.S. and Japan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: ["International cooperation in XXXX research" research on radiation carcinogenicity].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'man', 'People']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A-bomb survivors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: To determine the changes in alveolar PCO2 (PACO2) and @entity4095 (PAO2) during periodic and regular breathing epochs in the same @entity1 , we studied 11 preterm @entity1 during quiet sleep (birth weight 1,630 +/- 94 g; gestational age 31 +/- 1 weeks; postnatal age 32 +/- 3 days). A total of 94 breathing/apneic cycles were analyzed and compared with regular periods. During periodic and regular breathing epochs, there were negative correlations of PAO2 on PACO2. Short (< or = 5 s) and long (> 5 s) apneas for individual @entity1 occurred along the regression line for that @entity1 . There was not a single overall critical PACO2 below which @entity386 occurred, but for individual @entity1 the PACO2 and the PAO2 of the breath preceding @entity386 varied within a limited range. @entity386 occurred in clusters of PACO2 and PAO2 along the average regression line of PAO2 on PACO2. Analysis of the data showed that @entity386 occurred at the lowest PACO2 and highest PAO2 levels if allowance was made for circulation time. During @entity386 , 'the best fit' for the increase in PACO2 and the decrease in PAO2 was linear, rather than logarithmic. The findings suggest the following. (1) There is not a single overall critical level of PACO2 for @entity386 to occur, but in a given @entity1 this level varies within a limited range. This indicates that these @entity1 are likely breathing near the @entity386 threshold. (2) Short and long apneas appear to occur randomly along the regression of PAO2 on PACO2 for a particular @entity1 . (3) The changes in alveolar gases are linear during @entity386 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Profile of alveolar gases during periodic and regular breathing in preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'Apneas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: In a previous analysis, we identified a point mutation that substituted Pro (CCG) for Leu (CTG) at @entity535 87 in the alpha-subunit of the @entity8277 ( @entity8277 ) in a Japanese @entity1 with @entity10117 . In the present study, we transfected either the wild type (Leu-87) or the mutant (Pro-87) IR cDNA into NIH3T3 cells. Pulse-chase in nonreducing conditions revealed that the dimerization of Pro-87 IR was slightly impaired. However, cell surface biotinylation showed that Pro-87 IR was transported to the cell surface. The Pro-87 IR reduced the insulin binding affinity to about 15% of Leu-87 IR, and the dissociation of insulin in Pro-87 IR was more rapid than in Leu-87 IR. The autophosphorylation of Pro-87 IR was less sensitive to insulin than that of Leu-87 IR, suggesting the reduced insulin binding affinity. Site-directed mutagenesis at @entity535 87 was performed to substitute Ile or Ala for Leu. Both mutant IRs were transported to the cell surface and labeled by cell surface biotinylation. The Ile-87 IR enhanced the insulin binding affinity about 4-fold. The insulin binding affinity of Ala-87 IR was reduced by 85% relative to that of Leu-87 IR. In addition, the dissociation of insulin in Ile-87 IR was slower than in Leu-87 IR, but in Ala-87 IR it was more rapid. These results provide the first direct evidence for a critical role of Leu-87 in binding insulin.

title: Replacements of leucine 87 in @entity1 XXXX alter affinity for insulin.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor', 'IR']

entities_list: @entity10117 :: ('MESH:D056731', 'Disease') :: ['leprechaunism']

answer: @entity8277 :: (3643,Gene) :: ['insulin receptor']


abstract: In a previous analysis, we identified a point mutation that substituted Pro (CCG) for Leu (CTG) at @entity535 87 in the alpha-subunit of the @entity8277 ( @entity8277 ) in a Japanese @entity1 with @entity10117 . In the present study, we transfected either the wild type (Leu-87) or the mutant (Pro-87) IR cDNA into NIH3T3 cells. Pulse-chase in nonreducing conditions revealed that the dimerization of Pro-87 IR was slightly impaired. However, cell surface biotinylation showed that Pro-87 IR was transported to the cell surface. The Pro-87 IR reduced the insulin binding affinity to about 15% of Leu-87 IR, and the dissociation of insulin in Pro-87 IR was more rapid than in Leu-87 IR. The autophosphorylation of Pro-87 IR was less sensitive to insulin than that of Leu-87 IR, suggesting the reduced insulin binding affinity. Site-directed mutagenesis at @entity535 87 was performed to substitute Ile or Ala for Leu. Both mutant IRs were transported to the cell surface and labeled by cell surface biotinylation. The Ile-87 IR enhanced the insulin binding affinity about 4-fold. The insulin binding affinity of Ala-87 IR was reduced by 85% relative to that of Leu-87 IR. In addition, the dissociation of insulin in Ile-87 IR was slower than in Leu-87 IR, but in Ala-87 IR it was more rapid. These results provide the first direct evidence for a critical role of Leu-87 in binding insulin.

title: Replacements of leucine 87 in XXXX @entity8277 alter affinity for insulin.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The investigation of many @entity358 currently requires bronchoscopic or surgical histopathological tissue biopsy. This creates risks for @entity1 and entails processing costs and delays in diagnosis. However, several mainly probe-based biophotonic techniques that can image solitary lesions and diffuse @entity358 are fuelling a paradigm shift toward real-time in vivo diagnosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) uses near-infrared light in a process analogous to ultrasonography to image the mucosal and submucosal tissue boundaries of the bronchial tree. With 15- m resolution, early work suggests it can differentiate between @entity5 , @entity2735 , @entity1141 , and @entity4648 based around epithelial thickness and breaches in the basement membrane. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) has superior resolution but less penetration than OCT and employs blue argon laser light to fluoresce the endogenous @entity2362 of (1) the acinar scaffold of the peripheral lung and (2) the basement membrane lying under bronchial mucosa. Initial studies suggest that the regular fibre arrangement of the basement membrane is altered in the presence of overlying malignant epithelium. pCLE produces detailed representations of the alveolar septal walls, microvessels, and some inflammatory cells. A third device, the endocytoscope, is a contact microscope requiring contrast agent to provide subcellular resolution of bronchial mucosa. Further development of these "optical biopsy" techniques and evaluation of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the acquired images are needed before they can be considered effective methods for eliminating the need for, and thus risks of, pinch biopsy to enable real-time diagnosis to streamline management.

title: Progress toward optical biopsy: bringing the microscope to the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the @entity148 and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire (APSQ), with a focus on factorial validity and internal consistency as well as discriminative, convergent, and association with @entity25 and @entity73 . Among a randomly selected sample from the general population (N = 5,000), 2,333 @entity1 completed a survey on nighttime symptoms, daytime symptoms, health outcomes, and psychological processes. The study sample consisted of 1800 @entity1 who did not fulfill criteria for another @entity25 than @entity22 . A two-factor solution, accounting for 70.7% of the variance, was extracted from the 10 APSQ items. One six-item factor determined worries about the consequences of poor sleep (a = .91); the second factor, with four items, assessed worries about the uncontrollability of sleep (a = .86). The two factors were significantly intercorrelated (   = .65) and significantly associated with the total APSQ (  s = .97 and .76, respectively). The APSQ and the two subscales showed discriminant validity between three sleep status groups (normal sleep, poor sleep, and @entity22 ; R(2) = .33-.41). The APSQ and the subscales demonstrated convergent validity with measures on cognitive arousal, sleep-related beliefs, @entity148 , and @entity308 . They also were significantly correlated with @entity25 and @entity73 . The findings suggest that the APSQ is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing worry in @entity22 .

title: Psychometric properties of an @entity22 -specific measure of worry: the XXXX and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['daytime impairment']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder', 'sleep parameters']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia disorder', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the @entity148 and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire (APSQ), with a focus on factorial validity and internal consistency as well as discriminative, convergent, and association with @entity25 and @entity73 . Among a randomly selected sample from the general population (N = 5,000), 2,333 @entity1 completed a survey on nighttime symptoms, daytime symptoms, health outcomes, and psychological processes. The study sample consisted of 1800 @entity1 who did not fulfill criteria for another @entity25 than @entity22 . A two-factor solution, accounting for 70.7% of the variance, was extracted from the 10 APSQ items. One six-item factor determined worries about the consequences of poor sleep (a = .91); the second factor, with four items, assessed worries about the uncontrollability of sleep (a = .86). The two factors were significantly intercorrelated (   = .65) and significantly associated with the total APSQ (  s = .97 and .76, respectively). The APSQ and the two subscales showed discriminant validity between three sleep status groups (normal sleep, poor sleep, and @entity22 ; R(2) = .33-.41). The APSQ and the subscales demonstrated convergent validity with measures on cognitive arousal, sleep-related beliefs, @entity148 , and @entity308 . They also were significantly correlated with @entity25 and @entity73 . The findings suggest that the APSQ is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing worry in @entity22 .

title: Psychometric properties of an XXXX -specific measure of worry: the @entity148 and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire.

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore in @entity1 with intraventricular haematomas the effectiveness and complication rate of a treatment protocol including standard ventriculostomy and application of urokinase via the catheter. Our series includes 16 @entity1 with severe CT-diagnosed intraparenchymal and predominantly intraventricular @entity548 . In all cases, ventricular drainage was performed. Urokinase treatment was started immediately with intraventricular infusions of 10,000 U urokinase in 5 ml sterile physiological saline every 12 hours. Twelve @entity1 had an excellent outcome, three good and one poor. There were no complications related to urokinase therapy. Side effects of the infusion volume were profuse sweating and @entity10 which were present at 10 ml total infusion volume, but disappeared after reduction to 5 ml. A group of five @entity1 with comparable lesions treated only with ventriculostomy served as controls. Two of them had a good outcome, two a poor one and one died. The late results in the urokinase-treated group were also favourable. Only one of the @entity1 developed @entity1276 and was shunted. In the control group, two @entity1 required shunting for delayed @entity1276 . We conclude that this protocol for urokinase treatment is safe and effective and can be used in almost all @entity1 with @entity548 .

title: Urokinase infusion for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebroventricular haemorrhage', 'haemorrhages']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['intraventricular haemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: To compare surgical results and survival of two groups of @entity1 , age >= 70 vs. age <70, who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and to identify the safety of this procedure for elderly @entity1 for the treatment of distal common bile duct (CBD) @entity5 . METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2009, 55 @entity1 who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for the treatment of @entity1126 at Keimyung University Dong San Medical Center were enrolled in our study. RESULTS: Of 55 @entity1 , 28 were male and 27 female. Nineteen were over 70 years old (older group) and 36 were below 70 years (younger group). The mean ages of the two groups of @entity1 were 73.5 years and 60.5 years respectively. Although @entity1 of the older group had significantly more @entity66 , perioperative results including operation time, amount of @entity954 , duration of @entity260 were not significantly different. A higher level (more than 5 mg/dl) of preoperative initial @entity648 showed significant correlations with operative morbidity by univariate analysis, and age was not an independent risk factor of operative morbidity. Overall 5 year survival of older and younger groups were 45.9% and 39.5% respectively (p=0.671) and disease-free 5-year survival were 31.7% and 31.1%, respectively (p=0.942). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical outcomes of elderly @entity1 were similar to those of younger @entity1 , despite a higher incidence of comorbid disease. This results shows that pancreaticoduodenectomy can be applied safely to elderly @entity1 .

title: The impact of old age on surgical outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['distal CBD cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity1126 :: (MESH:D001650,Disease) :: ['distal bile duct cancer']


abstract: Introduction. @entity2914 is a @entity154 of the diaphragm that is usually diagnosed in the neonatal period and incidentally in asymptomatic adults. Small bowel incarceration in a right-sided @entity2914 is exceptional for an adult. Case Presentation. A 54-year-old @entity1 was admitted for acute @entity1353 , @entity591 , @entity551 , and fever. Five days before, she had been experiencing an episode of diffuse @entity490 . The admission chest X-ray was interpreted as right @entity1143 and pneumothorax with left mediastinal shift. Chest tube drainage was purulent. The thoracoabdominal CT examination suspected an intestinal incarceration through a right diaphragmatic defect. At laparotomy, a right-sided @entity2914 was confirmed with a complete @entity39 of the incarcerated caecum. Ileocaecal resection was performed, but the @entity1 died from delayed septic complications. Conclusion. Intrathoracic perforation of the caecum is a rare occurrence; delayed diagnosis due to misleading initial symptoms may lead to severe complications and poor prognosis.

title: Intrathoracic caecal perforation presenting as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defect']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['Bochdalek hernia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['dyspnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the experience of the surgeon on the occurrence of @entity292 following palatoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of consecutive @entity1 treated between 2006 and 2013 for @entity2419 by a single surgeon. @entity2419 repair was performed using the von Langenbeck technique, Furlow palatoplasty, @entity14705 . Data was collected for age, sex, date of birth, syndrome, adoption, @entity2419 type, type of repair, cleft width, @entity292 occurrence and location of @entity292 . RESULTS: A total of 276 operations were performed in 200 @entity1 (Veau I, II, III, IV). Mean age at surgery was 21.9 months (range: 6.2 months to 26 years 8.3 months). Postoperatively, @entity2419 occurred in eight @entity1 (4.0%), however, the incidence was 3.0% in the non-adoption group and 9.7% in the adoption population. In this study there was no statistically significant evidence of a surgical learning curve, and no significant associations between @entity292 rate and sex, adoption, syndrome, @entity2419 , cleft width, or type of repair. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study demonstrates a @entity292 formation rate of 3.0% for the non-adoption population and 9.7% for the adoption population. There was no statistically significant evidence of a learning curve during the first few years of performing @entity2419 repair. No other independent risk factors for @entity86 formation were identified; however, the benefit of a vomer flap and subsequent reduction in @entity292 incidence was demonstrated.

title: Surgical learning curve in performing palatoplasty: A retrospective study in 200 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14705 :: ('MESH:D007967', 'Disease') :: ['buccal flap or Vomer flap']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fistula']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['Cleft palate', 'cleft palate', 'cleft type', 'palatal fistulas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk factors for poor quality of life (QOL) after @entity510 ( @entity510 ) remain poorly described. OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency and predictors of poor QOL 1 year after @entity510 . METHODS: We studied 1-year QOL in a prospectively collected cohort of 1181 consecutively admitted @entity510 survivors between July 1996 and May 2013. @entity1 clinical, radiographic, surgical, and acute clinical course information was recorded. Reduced QOL (overall, physical, and psychosocial) at 1 year was assessed with the Sickness Impact Profile and defined as 2 SD below population-based normative Sickness Impact Profile values. Logistic regression leveraging multiple imputation to handle missing data was used to evaluate reduced QOL. RESULTS: Poor overall QOL was observed in 35% of @entity1 . Multivariable analysis revealed that nonwhite ethnicity, high school education or less, history of @entity308 , poor clinical grade (Hunt-Hess Grade >= 3), and delayed @entity1188 were predictors of poor overall and psychosocial QOL. Poor physical QOL was additionally associated with older age, @entity1276 , @entity55 , and @entity295 . At 1 year, @entity1 with poor QOL had increased difficulty concentrating, @entity73 , @entity308 , and reduced activities of daily living. More than 91% of @entity1 with poor QOL failed to fully return to work. These @entity1 frequently received physical rehabilitation, but few received cognitive rehabilitation or emotional-behavioral support. CONCLUSION: Reduced QOL affects as many as one-third of @entity510 survivors 1 year after @entity510 . Delayed @entity1188 is the most important in-hospital modifiable factor that affects QOL. Increased attention to cognitive and emotional difficulties after hospital discharge may help @entity1 achieve greater QOL.

title: Predictors of Poor Quality of Life 1 Year After XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A continuous spinal catheter is a reliable alternative to standard neuraxial techniques in obstetric anesthesia. Despite the potential advantages of intrathecal catheters, they remain underutilized due to fear of @entity16 or post-dural @entity9737 @entity10 . In our tertiary care center, intrathecal catheters are either placed intentionally in high-risk obstetric @entity1 or following inadvertent dural @entity9737 using a 19-gauge macrocatheter passed through a 17-gauge epidural needle. METHODS: A retrospective review of 761 intrathecal catheters placed from 2001 to 2012 was conducted. An institutional obstetric anesthesia database was used to identify @entity1 with intrathecal catheters. Medical records were reviewed for procedural details and complications. RESULTS: There were no serious complications, including @entity693 , epidural or spinal abscess, @entity1410 , @entity2443 , or @entity1971 , associated with intrathecal catheters. The failure rates were 2.8% (3/108) for intentional placements and 6.1% (40/653) for placements following accidental dural @entity9737 . The incidence of post-dural @entity9737 @entity10 was 41% (312/761) and the epidural blood patch rate was 31% (97/312). CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates that intrathecal catheters are dependable and an option for labor analgesia and surgical anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Serious long-lasting complications are rare.

title: Complications of 761 short-term intrathecal macrocatheters in obstetric XXXX : a retrospective review of cases over a 12-year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['infection, nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoiditis']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The EUROCARE study collects and analyses survival data from population-based @entity5 registries (CRs) in Europe in order to provide data on between-country differences in survival and time trends in survival. METHODS: This study analyses data on @entity96 , @entity1125 (" @entity1125 "), and @entity788 diagnosed in 2000-2007 from 88 CRs in 29 countries. Relative survival (RS) was estimated overall, by region, sex, age and period of diagnosis using the complete approach. Time trends in 5-year RS over 1999-2007 were also analysed using the period approach. RESULTS: The prognosis of the studied @entity5 was poor. Age-standardised 5-year RS was 12% for @entity96 , 17% for @entity1125 and 7% for @entity788 . There were some between-country differences in survival. In general, RS was low in Eastern Europe and high in Central and Southern Europe. For all sites, 5-year RS was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 and decreased with advancing age. No substantial changes in survival were reported for @entity788 over the period 1999-2007. On average, there was a crude increase in 5-year RS of 3 percentage points between the periods 1999-2001 and 2005-2007 for @entity96 and @entity1125 . CONCLUSIONS: The major changes in imaging techniques over the study period for the diagnosis of the three studied @entity5 did not result in an improvement in the prognosis of these @entity5 . In the near future, new innovative treatments might be the best way to improve the prognosis in these @entity5 .

title: Survival in @entity1 with primary @entity96 , @entity1125 and XXXX in Europe 1999-2007: Results of EUROCARE-5.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract cancers', 'biliary tract cancers']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The EUROCARE study collects and analyses survival data from population-based @entity5 registries (CRs) in Europe in order to provide data on between-country differences in survival and time trends in survival. METHODS: This study analyses data on @entity96 , @entity1125 (" @entity1125 "), and @entity788 diagnosed in 2000-2007 from 88 CRs in 29 countries. Relative survival (RS) was estimated overall, by region, sex, age and period of diagnosis using the complete approach. Time trends in 5-year RS over 1999-2007 were also analysed using the period approach. RESULTS: The prognosis of the studied @entity5 was poor. Age-standardised 5-year RS was 12% for @entity96 , 17% for @entity1125 and 7% for @entity788 . There were some between-country differences in survival. In general, RS was low in Eastern Europe and high in Central and Southern Europe. For all sites, 5-year RS was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 and decreased with advancing age. No substantial changes in survival were reported for @entity788 over the period 1999-2007. On average, there was a crude increase in 5-year RS of 3 percentage points between the periods 1999-2001 and 2005-2007 for @entity96 and @entity1125 . CONCLUSIONS: The major changes in imaging techniques over the study period for the diagnosis of the three studied @entity5 did not result in an improvement in the prognosis of these @entity5 . In the near future, new innovative treatments might be the best way to improve the prognosis in these @entity5 .

title: Survival in @entity1 with primary @entity96 , XXXX and @entity788 in Europe 1999-2007: Results of EUROCARE-5.

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The EUROCARE study collects and analyses survival data from population-based @entity5 registries (CRs) in Europe in order to provide data on between-country differences in survival and time trends in survival. METHODS: This study analyses data on @entity96 , @entity1125 (" @entity1125 "), and @entity788 diagnosed in 2000-2007 from 88 CRs in 29 countries. Relative survival (RS) was estimated overall, by region, sex, age and period of diagnosis using the complete approach. Time trends in 5-year RS over 1999-2007 were also analysed using the period approach. RESULTS: The prognosis of the studied @entity5 was poor. Age-standardised 5-year RS was 12% for @entity96 , 17% for @entity1125 and 7% for @entity788 . There were some between-country differences in survival. In general, RS was low in Eastern Europe and high in Central and Southern Europe. For all sites, 5-year RS was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 and decreased with advancing age. No substantial changes in survival were reported for @entity788 over the period 1999-2007. On average, there was a crude increase in 5-year RS of 3 percentage points between the periods 1999-2001 and 2005-2007 for @entity96 and @entity1125 . CONCLUSIONS: The major changes in imaging techniques over the study period for the diagnosis of the three studied @entity5 did not result in an improvement in the prognosis of these @entity5 . In the near future, new innovative treatments might be the best way to improve the prognosis in these @entity5 .

title: Survival in @entity1 with primary XXXX , @entity1125 and @entity788 in Europe 1999-2007: Results of EUROCARE-5.

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The EUROCARE study collects and analyses survival data from population-based @entity5 registries (CRs) in Europe in order to provide data on between-country differences in survival and time trends in survival. METHODS: This study analyses data on @entity96 , @entity1125 (" @entity1125 "), and @entity788 diagnosed in 2000-2007 from 88 CRs in 29 countries. Relative survival (RS) was estimated overall, by region, sex, age and period of diagnosis using the complete approach. Time trends in 5-year RS over 1999-2007 were also analysed using the period approach. RESULTS: The prognosis of the studied @entity5 was poor. Age-standardised 5-year RS was 12% for @entity96 , 17% for @entity1125 and 7% for @entity788 . There were some between-country differences in survival. In general, RS was low in Eastern Europe and high in Central and Southern Europe. For all sites, 5-year RS was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 and decreased with advancing age. No substantial changes in survival were reported for @entity788 over the period 1999-2007. On average, there was a crude increase in 5-year RS of 3 percentage points between the periods 1999-2001 and 2005-2007 for @entity96 and @entity1125 . CONCLUSIONS: The major changes in imaging techniques over the study period for the diagnosis of the three studied @entity5 did not result in an improvement in the prognosis of these @entity5 . In the near future, new innovative treatments might be the best way to improve the prognosis in these @entity5 .

title: Survival in XXXX with primary @entity96 , @entity1125 and @entity788 in Europe 1999-2007: Results of EUROCARE-5.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We provide updated estimates of survival and survival trends of @entity3930 (prostate, testicular and @entity5 ), in Europe and across European areas. METHODS: The complete approach was used to obtain relative survival estimates for @entity1 diagnosed in 2000-2007, and followed up through 2008 in 29 countries. Data came from 87 @entity5 registries (CRs) for @entity263 and from 86 CRs for testis and penis @entity5 . Relative survival time trends in 1999-2007 were estimated by the period approach. Data came from 49 CRs in 25 countries. RESULTS: We analysed 1,021,275 @entity3930 cases. Five-year relative survival was high and decreased with increasing age for all @entity5 considered. We found limited variation in survival between European regions with Eastern Europe countries having lower survival than the others. Survival for @entity5 @entity1 did not improve from 1999 to 2007. Survival for @entity5 @entity1 remained stable at high levels since 1999. Survival for @entity263 @entity1 increased over time. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment standardisation and centralisation for very rare diseases such as @entity5 or advanced @entity5 should be supported. The high survival of @entity5 makes long-term monitoring of @entity5 survivors necessary and CRs can be an important resource. @entity263 @entity1 ' survival must be interpreted considering incidence and mortality data. The follow-up of the European Randomised Study of Screening for @entity263 should continue to clarify the impact of screening on @entity263 mortality together with population based studies including information on stage and treatments.

title: Survival of XXXX (prostate, testis and penis) in Europe 1999-2007: Results from the EUROCARE-5 study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['penile cancer', 'testicular tumours', 'testicular cancer', 'cancer', 'penile cancers', 'tumours', 'penis cancers']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['male genital tumours', 'male genital cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumours', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

answer: @entity3930 :: (MESH:D005834,Disease) :: ['male genital cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Three-year survival is 80% for @entity1082 ) positive tonsillar and base of @entity957 (TSCC and BOTSCC) and higher (95-100%) in @entity1 with @entity5 without HLA class I expression, or with high @entity405 (+) @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) counts. The former paradoxical, the latter expected, but it is known that @entity42592 can downregulate HLA class I expression. Furthermore, upon HPV integration, E2, sometimes in combination with E5 is lost. Here, @entity1799 E2, @entity42592 mRNA was therefore examined in relation to HLA class I expression, TIL counts and survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1799 DNA positive TSCC and BOTSCC biopsies, analyzed for HLA class I and @entity405 (+) TILs, of 133 @entity1 , treated curatively between 2000 and 2011, were tested for @entity1799 E2, @entity42592 mRNA expression. Totally 127 samples could be evaluated and of these 117 @entity1 , all with @entity1799 /E7-mRNA-positive @entity5 , were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: Most @entity5 (92%) expressed E7 mRNA, and of these 64% also expressed @entity73283 mRNA. @entity1 with @entity5 lacking E2 mRNA had worse 3-year relapse and progression free survival (p<0.01 and p<0.05), while presence of E5 had no impact on clinical outcome. Furthermore, HLA class I expression and TILs were not correlated to E5 or to E2 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: Lack of E2 but not E5 mRNA in @entity1799 positive TSCC and BOTSCC was a negative prognostic marker. Presence of @entity1799 E2, @entity42592 mRNA expression was not correlated to HLA class I expression or @entity405 (+) TILs.

title: Studies on @entity1082 ) 16 E2, XXXX mRNA in @entity5 in relation to clinical outcome and immunological parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['tongue squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity42592 :: (22899,Gene) :: ['E5 and E7']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Three-year survival is 80% for @entity1082 ) positive tonsillar and base of @entity957 (TSCC and BOTSCC) and higher (95-100%) in @entity1 with @entity5 without HLA class I expression, or with high @entity405 (+) @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) counts. The former paradoxical, the latter expected, but it is known that @entity42592 can downregulate HLA class I expression. Furthermore, upon HPV integration, E2, sometimes in combination with E5 is lost. Here, @entity1799 E2, @entity42592 mRNA was therefore examined in relation to HLA class I expression, TIL counts and survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1799 DNA positive TSCC and BOTSCC biopsies, analyzed for HLA class I and @entity405 (+) TILs, of 133 @entity1 , treated curatively between 2000 and 2011, were tested for @entity1799 E2, @entity42592 mRNA expression. Totally 127 samples could be evaluated and of these 117 @entity1 , all with @entity1799 /E7-mRNA-positive @entity5 , were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: Most @entity5 (92%) expressed E7 mRNA, and of these 64% also expressed @entity73283 mRNA. @entity1 with @entity5 lacking E2 mRNA had worse 3-year relapse and progression free survival (p<0.01 and p<0.05), while presence of E5 had no impact on clinical outcome. Furthermore, HLA class I expression and TILs were not correlated to E5 or to E2 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: Lack of E2 but not E5 mRNA in @entity1799 positive TSCC and BOTSCC was a negative prognostic marker. Presence of @entity1799 E2, @entity42592 mRNA expression was not correlated to HLA class I expression or @entity405 (+) TILs.

title: Studies on XXXX ) 16 E2, @entity42592 mRNA in @entity5 in relation to clinical outcome and immunological parameters.

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Three-year survival is 80% for @entity1082 ) positive tonsillar and base of @entity957 (TSCC and BOTSCC) and higher (95-100%) in @entity1 with @entity5 without HLA class I expression, or with high @entity405 (+) @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) counts. The former paradoxical, the latter expected, but it is known that @entity42592 can downregulate HLA class I expression. Furthermore, upon HPV integration, E2, sometimes in combination with E5 is lost. Here, @entity1799 E2, @entity42592 mRNA was therefore examined in relation to HLA class I expression, TIL counts and survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1799 DNA positive TSCC and BOTSCC biopsies, analyzed for HLA class I and @entity405 (+) TILs, of 133 @entity1 , treated curatively between 2000 and 2011, were tested for @entity1799 E2, @entity42592 mRNA expression. Totally 127 samples could be evaluated and of these 117 @entity1 , all with @entity1799 /E7-mRNA-positive @entity5 , were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: Most @entity5 (92%) expressed E7 mRNA, and of these 64% also expressed @entity73283 mRNA. @entity1 with @entity5 lacking E2 mRNA had worse 3-year relapse and progression free survival (p<0.01 and p<0.05), while presence of E5 had no impact on clinical outcome. Furthermore, HLA class I expression and TILs were not correlated to E5 or to E2 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: Lack of E2 but not E5 mRNA in @entity1799 positive TSCC and BOTSCC was a negative prognostic marker. Presence of @entity1799 E2, @entity42592 mRNA expression was not correlated to HLA class I expression or @entity405 (+) TILs.

title: Studies on @entity1082 ) 16 E2, @entity42592 mRNA in XXXX in relation to clinical outcome and immunological parameters.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['HPV-positive tonsillar and base of tongue cancer']


abstract: There is an agreement that acute (in minutes) hydrolysis and accumulation of @entity1078 ( @entity1078 ) modulate @entity13812 and @entity13811 activities. Because @entity32 results in PIP(2) depletion, persisting for long periods (hours to days) in @entity158 models and in the clinic, we examined whether chronic depletion and accumulation of PIP(2) affect @entity2951 (CAP) and mustard oil (MO) responses. In addition, we wanted to evaluate whether the effects of @entity1078 depend on @entity13812 and @entity13811 coexpression and whether the PIP(2) actions vary in expression cells vs. sensory neurons. Chronic @entity1078 production was stimulated by overexpression of @entity1076 -5-kinase, and PIP(2) -specific phospholipid 5'-phosphatase was selected to reduce plasma membrane levels of @entity1078 . Our results demonstrate that CAP (100 nM) responses and receptor tachyphylaxis are not significantly influenced by chronic changes in @entity1078 levels in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) or @entity13811 null-mutant sensory neurons as well as CHO cells expressing @entity13812 alone or with @entity13811 . However, low concentrations of CAP (20 nM) produced a higher response after PIP(2) depletion in cells containing @entity13812 alone but not @entity13812 together with @entity13811 . MO (25  M) responses were also not affected by PIP(2) in @entity164 sensory neurons and cells coexpressing @entity13811 and @entity13812 . In contrast, @entity1078 reduction leads to pronounced tachyphylaxis to MO in cells with both channels. Chronic effect of @entity1078 on @entity13811 activity depends on presence of the @entity13812 channel and cell type ( @entity435 vs. sensory neurons). In summary, chronic alterations in PIP(2) levels regulate magnitude of CAP and MO responses as well as MO tachyphylaxis. This regulation depends on coexpression profile of @entity13811 and @entity13812 and cell type.

title: Chronic alteration in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate levels regulates XXXX and mustard oil responses.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['PIP(2)', 'phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1076 :: ('MESH:C037178', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate']

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['capsaicin']


abstract: Psychosocial aspects are considered nowadays to fill a very important function in the rehabilitation of severe @entity221 . The high prevalence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) makes it representative in this field. Mainly acute in the beginning, with a strong probability of becoming chronic latter on, @entity453 constitutes a threaten to the individual. @entity148 and @entity308 when to strong or to prolonged in time may become maladaptive and contribute to a delay in recovery. In this case a specialized approach is needed that must be individually adapted. This approach includes counselling, focalized psychotherapeutic intervention, exploration of fears and fantasies related to the illness and use of psychotropic drugs. On the other hand, family dynamics and interpersonal relationships are frequently related to the maintenance of maladjusted roles that can delay the return to active life. Professional problems and conflicts are sometimes obstacles to professional and social reintegration. All the described aspects recommend nowadays the organization of multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams as the only way of providing differentiated and multifocal approaches. The inclusion of mental health professionals in rehabilitation teams allows a better adequacy of their programs to @entity1 and families emotional needs.

title: [The role of the psychiatrist in rehabilitating the XXXX with ischemic cardiopathy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['somatic illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intralesional surgery of @entity5 of the bone ( @entity1777 ) may result in a high rate of local recurrence. The introduction of local adjuvants, such as cementation, cryosurgery or phenolization, has proved to be successful in the reduction of recurrence rates. This study presents the results of a single institution in surgery of @entity1777 with an evolution in treatment strategies. MATERIAL _ METHODS: Forty primary and 25 recurrent surgical procedures in 46 @entity1 with @entity1777 of the bone with a median follow-up of 72 months were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age was 32.6 years (range 13.6-57.9 years). Forty-seven curettages and 18 resections were performed. For the curettages, a large bone window was cut followed by high speed burring and bone grafting or cementation. In 34 of 47 curettages and 7 of 18 resections, @entity3971 was additionally applied. RESULTS: Two @entity1 showed @entity358 , one died due to @entity3 . In total, a third of the @entity1 developed local recurrence (32.3%). This was evenly spread among primary and recurrent diesease (32.5% vs. 32%). Seven of 13 curettages without adjuvant recurred (53.9%), compared to 11 of 34 curettages with adjuvant @entity3971 (32.4%). Three of 18 resections developed a recurrence (16.7%). No complications in respect to the use of @entity3971 were seen. DISCUSSION: Phenolization is a safe local adjuvant therapy for @entity1777 . Although the recurrence rate was lower with the use of @entity3971 , this drop was not significant. The comparable high recurrence rate in our study, even if @entity3971 was used, might be due to the fact that curettage was our favoured treatment, even in cases with an extensive @entity5 . We recommend adjuvant phenolization in the treatment of @entity1777 of the bone after thorough curettage in applicable cases, including where cementation is used for defect filling.

title: The influence of adjuvants on local recurrence rate in XXXX of the bone.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['juxta-articular tumour', 'giant cell tumour']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['giant cell tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of bivalved versus circumferential cast immobilization on maintenance of reduction and associated complications after closed reduction (CR) of radius and/or ulna @entity174 in @entity1 . METHODS: Two hundred two @entity1 with displaced radius and/or ulna @entity174 were randomized to either circumferential (n=101) or bivalved (n=101) long-arm casts after CR. The mean age was 10  3 years. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of age, sex, or initial @entity174 or angulation. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks postreduction. Radiographic loss of reduction (LOR), need for remanipulation or surgery, and associated complications of @entity2054 , cast saw @entity531 were recorded. RESULTS: Overall, the median angulation of the radius and ulna @entity174 improved from 20 and 18 degrees to 3 and 2 degrees after CR, respectively. The median cast index after reduction was 0.78 in the bivalved group and 0.80 in the circumferential group. The median angulation of the radius and ulna was 8 and 1 degrees at 4 weeks, with no significant difference between groups. By the fourth week of follow-up, 70 @entity1 (34%)-35 bivalved and 35 circumferential-had radiographic LOR. Forty-seven @entity1 (23%)-23 bivalved and 24 circumferential-underwent remanipulation or surgical reduction and fixation. There were no significant differences between groups with respect to LOR rate or need for surgical treatment. One bivalved @entity1 sustained a cast saw injury, and 3 bivalved @entity1 had transient @entity16 . No @entity1 developed @entity2054 . CONCLUSIONS: Cast immobilization is effective in the majority of @entity1 after CR of displaced @entity174 . There were no significant differences in maintenance of reduction, need for surgery, or complications between bivalved or circumferential long-arm casts. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I-therapeutic.

title: Bivalved Versus Circumferential Cast Immobilization for Displaced XXXX : A Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess Efficacy and Safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'forearm fractures', 'fracture displacement']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['injury, and neurovascular compromise']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Forearm Fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ), @entity439 are associated with @entity1165 , @entity712 , apical @entity715 , and mortality. The cause of @entity439 remains unresolved, and there is controversy about prevalence and significance of mid-left ventricular (LV) obstruction, often present in these @entity1 . The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that low velocities in @entity1 with @entity439 are due to near complete cessation of mid-LV flow, characteristically marked by a Doppler signal void. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of 39 @entity1 with @entity1121 with segmental @entity1184 of the mid left ventricle and complete systolic emptying at the mid-LV level. The severity of @entity3885 was evaluated by measuring the time during which cross-sectional mid-LV cavity area was <1  cm(2). Presence or absence of an LV Doppler midsystolic signal void was determined. RESULTS: Akinetic @entity439 were present in 21 @entity1 . The duration of two-dimensional mid-LV short-axis complete emptying was longer in @entity1 with @entity439 (194      45 vs 148      63  msec, P  =  .013), nearly 50% of systole. Midsystolic signal voids were seen only in @entity1 with @entity439 (P  <  .001), present in 86%. In @entity1 with @entity439 , there was a strong correlation between the duration of the systolic signal void and the proportion of systole with complete emptying <1  cm(2) (r  =  0.704; P  =  .001). Complete emptying <1  cm(2) for >= 38% of systole was associated with @entity439 (odds ratio, 9.35; P  <  .004). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity2845 apical @entity439 @entity1121 have near complete cessation of flow across severe dynamic mid-LV obstruction for nearly 50% of systole. This explains how the adverse effects of obstruction may occur without high velocities on echocardiography.

title: Doppler Systolic Signal Void in XXXX : Apical @entity439 and Severe Obstruction without Elevated Intraventricular  Velocities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['dynamic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'akinetic aneurysms', 'apical aneurysms', 'akinetic aneurysm', 'aneurysm', 'akinetic apical aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy']