abstract: @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), a product of platelet lipid peroxidation, was measured in @entity1 platelet-rich plasma. Levels of 3.19 n moles/10(9) platelets /+- 0.40 S.E. in 11 @entity1 with prosthetic heart valves were elevated (p < 0.25) compared to 17 normal subjects (2.09 /+- 0.13 n moles/10(9) platelets). Reduced production (1.44 /+- 0.28 n moles/10(9) platelets, p < 0.5) was found in 10 @entity1 with @entity1459 . Normal levels were found in @entity1 with @entity4794 , @entity296 or @entity101 . Usual serum levels of drugs used in cardiac treatment reduced @entity1865 levels as follows: @entity1443 , 47% (p < .01); @entity117 , 58% (p < .05); @entity1483 , 32.6% (p < .005), and @entity17732 , 41% (p < .05). Digoxin, @entity4341 , heparin, @entity918 , @entity3303 , @entity1242 , @entity1818 , @entity1169 , @entity5126 , or @entity1229 had no significant effect at therapeutic concentrations. None of the drugs explained the enhanced production in @entity1 with prosthetic valves while enhanced production in @entity1 with prosthetic valves while analgesic therapy could explain the decreased levels in other cardiacs. The half-time of platelet survival, measured by suppression of @entity1234 production, was 3.2 /+- 0.24 days in 9 normal subjects but could not be measured reliably in most @entity1 because of multiple drug therapies. We conclude that the blood platelets of @entity1 with prosthetic heart valves differ from those of normal subjects in their capacity to release @entity1234 after stimulation with @entity8816 . Additionally, we find that inhibition of @entity1234 production by several pharmacologic agents limits the usefulness of this method for the measurement of platelet survival in cardiac @entity1 .

title: Platelet XXXX in cardiovascular disease: effect of prosthetic heart valves and cardioactive drugs on production.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity17732 :: ('MESH:D013442', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfinpyrazone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['n-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde', 'malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1234 :: (MESH:D008315,Chemical) :: ['malondialdehyde']


abstract: AIM: This study was designed to evaluate the performance of shear-wave elastography as a diagnostic tool for @entity263 in a larger cohort of @entity1 than previously reported. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-three @entity1 with suspected @entity263 were investigated by ultrasound elastography followed by directed biopsy. The elastographic and histological results for all biopsies were compared. RESULTS: After exclusion of invalid and non-assessable results, 794 samples were obtained for which both a histological assessment and an elastometric result (tissue stiffness in kPa) were available: according to the histology 589 were benign and 205 were malignant. Tissue elasticity was found to be weakly correlated with @entity1 's age, @entity11179 level and gland volume. ROC analysis showed that, for the set of results acquired, elastometry did not fulfil literature claims that it could identify malignant @entity5 with high sensitivity and specificity. However, it did show promise in distinguishing between Gleason scores  <=6 and >6 when @entity5 had already been identified. Unexpected observations were the finding of a smaller proportion of @entity5 in the lateral regions of the prostate than generally expected, and also the observation that the elasticity of benign prostate tissue is region-sensitive, the tissue being stiffest in the basal region and more elastic at the apex. CONCLUSIONS: Shear-wave elastography was found to be a poor predictor of @entity5 , but for malignant lesions an elasticity cut-off of 80 kPa allowed a fairly reliable distinction between lesions with Gleason  <=6 and those with Gleason >6. We demonstrate an increase in elasticity of benign prostate tissue from the basal to the apical region.

title: New aspects in shear-wave elastography of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancy', 'neoplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Grossly circumscribed, nonhemorrhagic breast masses consisting of mammary stromal proliferations that simulated @entity455 were studied in nine @entity1 . Histologically, a striking pattern, which appeared to consist of complex inter-anastomosing channels lined by slender spindle cells, was present in the mammary parenchyma. The importance of this benign lesion, referred to as @entity9844 of mammary stroma, is its distinction from @entity5426 . The @entity1 ranged in age from 22 to 52 years; all were premenopausal. Each presented with a palpable unilateral mass, measuring up to 7 cm in diameter. The @entity1 were treated by excisional biopsy and remained well for up to 2.5 years after excision. One @entity1 had two local recurrences within one year of the original excision, and a second @entity1 had a local recurrence at 14 months. No @entity1 had another concurrent or metachronous @entity0 or other organ, and no abnormal hormonal status was found. Complete local excision appears to be adequate treatment. It remains to be determined whether this is a @entity5 . However, there is no evidence that it is a precursor of @entity5426 , and ultrastructural observations demonstrate that the spaces found in the lesion are not true vascular channels. Rather, they appear to arise by a process that involves disruption and separation of stromal collagen fibers. Since small foci of this change are common in hyperplastic breast tissue from premenopausal @entity1 , it is likely that the development of a discrete @entity5 with this pattern represents an exaggerated form of @entity1373 .

title: XXXX of mammary stroma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor of the breast']

entities_list: @entity9844 :: ('MESH:C535824', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic process']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['stromal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

answer: @entity9844 :: (MESH:C535824,Disease) :: ['Pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Slowing the @entity6 in Africa requires improved detection of @entity5710 . @entity3916 , a form of glycated hemoglobin A, is recommended for diagnosing @entity5710 . The glycated proteins, @entity9208 and glycated albumin (GA), are hemoglobin-independent alternatives to @entity3916 , but their efficacy in Africans is unknown. Our goals were to determine the ability of @entity3916 , @entity9208 , and GA to detect @entity5710 in U.S.-based Africans and the value of combining @entity3916 with either @entity9208 or GA. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Oral @entity413 tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed in 217 self-identified healthy African immigrants (69% male, age 39    10 years [mean    SD], BMI 27.6    4.5 kg/m(2)). @entity3916 , @entity9208 , and GA were measured. @entity5710 was diagnosed by American @entity6 Association criteria for @entity413 obtained from a 2-h OGTT. The thresholds to diagnose @entity5710 by @entity3916 , @entity9208 , and GA were the cutoff at the upper tertile for each variable: >= 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) (range 4.2-6.6% [22.4-48.6 mmol/mol]), >= 230   mol/L (range 161-269   mol/L) and >= 13.35% (range 10.20-16.07%), respectively. RESULTS: @entity5710 occurred in 34% (74 of 217). The diagnostic sensitivities of @entity3916 , @entity9208 , and GA were 50%, 41%, and 42%, respectively. The P values for comparison with @entity3916 were both >0.3. Combining @entity3916 with either @entity9208 or GA increased sensitivities. However, the sensitivity of @entity3916 combined with @entity9208 was not better than for @entity3916 alone (72% vs. 50%, P = 0.172). In contrast, the sensitivity of @entity3916 combined with GA was higher than for @entity3916 alone (78% vs. 50%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: As individual tests, @entity3916 , @entity9208 , and GA detected  <=50% of Africans with @entity5710 . However, combining @entity3916 with GA made it possible to identify nearly 80% of Africans with @entity5710 .

title: A1C Combined With Glycated Albumin Improves Detection of XXXX in Africans: The Africans in America Study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes epidemic']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes', 'Prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5710 :: (MESH:D011236,Disease) :: ['Prediabetes']


abstract: AIM: This study assessed the long-term benefits and side effects of low-to-medium dose of @entity1872 therapy in primary @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). METHODS: The retrospective analysis included 319 @entity1 with @entity3039 who accepted @entity1872 therapy. @entity1 accepted @entity1872 alone or in combination with glucocorticoids. Clinical outcome and tolerance were assessed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Among @entity1 with persistent or chronic @entity3039 , the overall response rate of @entity1872 therapy was 65.0%. Sixty-five (63.1%) of the 103 @entity1 reached remission with @entity1872 alone, and 93 (48.7%) of the 191 @entity1 who accepted combination therapies acquired remission and discontinued glucocorticoids successfully. Age and previous treatments were 2 risk factors for response rate. In newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity3039 , the response rate and median response time did not differ significantly with or without @entity1872 . However, the relapse rate was significantly lower in @entity1 administered @entity1872 combined with glucocorticoids than those accepted glucocorticoids alone. Totally, 21.1% of the @entity1 experienced mild or moderate side effects, and 1.2% of the @entity1 discontinued treatment due to intolerable side effects. CONCLUSION: Low-to-medium dosage of @entity1872 is better tolerated and effective in @entity1 with @entity3039 , even in those refractory to other treatments. Combination of @entity1872 and glucocorticoids for initial treatment may decrease relapse rates to achieve well-tolerated long-term remission.

title: The Effect of XXXX in Primary @entity3039 : An Analysis of a Large Cohort From a Single Center in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity1872 :: (MESH:D003613,Chemical) :: ['Danazol']


abstract: AIM: This study assessed the long-term benefits and side effects of low-to-medium dose of @entity1872 therapy in primary @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). METHODS: The retrospective analysis included 319 @entity1 with @entity3039 who accepted @entity1872 therapy. @entity1 accepted @entity1872 alone or in combination with glucocorticoids. Clinical outcome and tolerance were assessed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Among @entity1 with persistent or chronic @entity3039 , the overall response rate of @entity1872 therapy was 65.0%. Sixty-five (63.1%) of the 103 @entity1 reached remission with @entity1872 alone, and 93 (48.7%) of the 191 @entity1 who accepted combination therapies acquired remission and discontinued glucocorticoids successfully. Age and previous treatments were 2 risk factors for response rate. In newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity3039 , the response rate and median response time did not differ significantly with or without @entity1872 . However, the relapse rate was significantly lower in @entity1 administered @entity1872 combined with glucocorticoids than those accepted glucocorticoids alone. Totally, 21.1% of the @entity1 experienced mild or moderate side effects, and 1.2% of the @entity1 discontinued treatment due to intolerable side effects. CONCLUSION: Low-to-medium dosage of @entity1872 is better tolerated and effective in @entity1 with @entity3039 , even in those refractory to other treatments. Combination of @entity1872 and glucocorticoids for initial treatment may decrease relapse rates to achieve well-tolerated long-term remission.

title: The Effect of @entity1872 in Primary XXXX : An Analysis of a Large Cohort From a Single Center in China.

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['Immune Thrombocytopenia']


abstract: 156 cases of @entity5142 in the @entity1 were seen over a 10 year period. 40 were congenital and 116 acquired, chiefly after intubation. @entity850 improved spontaneously in 60 % of cases. When tracheotomy was necessary, treatment was similar to that of acquired @entity850 . For post-intubation @entity850 analysis of the underlying pathology revealed the existence of risk factors: @entity772 , cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation, laryngaeal pathology being responsible in 75 % of cases. Awareness of these risk factors was felt to be one of the essential elements in the prevention of post-intubation @entity850 . Treatment varied in accordance with the degree of progression of the @entity850 . In recent progressive forms medical and endoscopic treatment (51 cures without treacheotomy, 11 after tracheotomy for 2 to 10 weeks). In forms with scar tissue, tracheotomy associated with endolaryngeal calibration (21 cases) or laryngotracheal enlargement surgery (21 cases). A number of precautions are suggested in order to improve the prevention of @entity850 with scar tissue. Indications of the various therapeutic methods are discussed according to whether the @entity850 is due to scar tissue or is congenital. With regard to procedures involving laryngotracheal widening (28 in all : 21 for @entity850 after intubation and 7 for @entity850 ), emphasis placed upon the need to select amongst several types of operation according to the site and extent of the lesions.

title: [The treatment of XXXX in the @entity1 . 156 cases (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital stenosis', 'congenital stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal stenosis']

answer: @entity5142 :: (MESH:D007829,Disease) :: ['laryngeal stenosis']


abstract: 156 cases of @entity5142 in the @entity1 were seen over a 10 year period. 40 were congenital and 116 acquired, chiefly after intubation. @entity850 improved spontaneously in 60 % of cases. When tracheotomy was necessary, treatment was similar to that of acquired @entity850 . For post-intubation @entity850 analysis of the underlying pathology revealed the existence of risk factors: @entity772 , cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation, laryngaeal pathology being responsible in 75 % of cases. Awareness of these risk factors was felt to be one of the essential elements in the prevention of post-intubation @entity850 . Treatment varied in accordance with the degree of progression of the @entity850 . In recent progressive forms medical and endoscopic treatment (51 cures without treacheotomy, 11 after tracheotomy for 2 to 10 weeks). In forms with scar tissue, tracheotomy associated with endolaryngeal calibration (21 cases) or laryngotracheal enlargement surgery (21 cases). A number of precautions are suggested in order to improve the prevention of @entity850 with scar tissue. Indications of the various therapeutic methods are discussed according to whether the @entity850 is due to scar tissue or is congenital. With regard to procedures involving laryngotracheal widening (28 in all : 21 for @entity850 after intubation and 7 for @entity850 ), emphasis placed upon the need to select amongst several types of operation according to the site and extent of the lesions.

title: [The treatment of @entity5142 in the XXXX . 156 cases (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inteins and group I introns found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms occasionally behave as mobile genetic elements. During meiosis of the @entity375 @entity375 , the site-specific endonuclease encoded by @entity16794 intein, VDE, triggers a single @entity6724 ( @entity6724 ) at an inteinless allele, leading to @entity16794 intein homing. Besides the accumulating information on the in vitro activity of VDE, very little has been known about the molecular mechanism of intein homing in @entity375 nucleus. RESULTS: We developed an assay to detect the product of @entity16794 intein homing in @entity375 genome. We analysed mutant phenotypes of RecA homologs, @entity11023 and @entity18570 , and their interacting proteins, @entity29816 and @entity72920 , and found that they all play critical roles in intein inheritance. The absence of @entity6724 end processing proteins, @entity41892 and those in the @entity42182 - @entity12248 - @entity42183 complex, also causes partial reduction in homing efficiency. As with meiotic recombination, crossover events are frequently observed during intein homing. We also observed that the absence of premeiotic DNA replication caused by @entity1862 (HU) or clb5delta clb6delta mutation reduces VDE-mediated DSBs. CONCLUSION: The repairing system working in intein homing shares molecular machinery with meiotic recombination induced by @entity374 . Moreover, like @entity374 -induced DNA cleavage, premeiotic DNA replication is a prerequisite for a VDE-induced @entity6724 . @entity16794 intein thus utilizes several host factors involved in meiotic and recombinational processes to spread its genetic information and guarantee its progeny through establishment of a parasitic relationship with the organism.

title: VDE-initiated intein homing in XXXX proceeds in a meiotic recombination-like manner.

entities_list: @entity6724 :: ('MESH:D019457', 'Disease') :: ['DSB', 'double-strand break']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: We describe a @entity1 with acute necrotizing @entity2401 who recovered rapidly after pericardial drainage and without corticosteroid therapy. The 25-year- old @entity1 was referred to our hospital with suspected acute @entity583 on the basis of severe epigastralgia, abnormal Q waves and ST elevation on electrocardiography, and an increase in cardiac enzymes. Echocardiography disclosed pericardial effusion that compressed the right ventricle, left @entity67 in conjunction with posterolateral hypokinesis, and a thickened ventricular wall but no mural @entity715 . The eosinophil count in the peripheral blood was slightly increased. Coronary angiography showed normal arteries and thus prompted an endomyocardial biopsy. The @entity1 was transferred to the intensive care unit with a clinical diagnosis of @entity2401 associated with @entity2293 . Emergency pericardiocentesis relieved symptoms immediately. The cells in the pericardial effusion were mainly eosinophils; @entity225 and @entity4047 levels were predominantly elevated, and the effusion was drained for 5 days. The biopsy specimen revealed necrotizing @entity2401 . Left ventricular function recovered within a week without corticosteroid therapy. No relapse was observed as of 8 months after diagnosis.

title: Therapeutic role of pericardiocentesis for acute necrotizing XXXX with @entity2293 .

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'eosinophilic myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic myocarditis']


abstract: We describe a @entity1 with acute necrotizing @entity2401 who recovered rapidly after pericardial drainage and without corticosteroid therapy. The 25-year- old @entity1 was referred to our hospital with suspected acute @entity583 on the basis of severe epigastralgia, abnormal Q waves and ST elevation on electrocardiography, and an increase in cardiac enzymes. Echocardiography disclosed pericardial effusion that compressed the right ventricle, left @entity67 in conjunction with posterolateral hypokinesis, and a thickened ventricular wall but no mural @entity715 . The eosinophil count in the peripheral blood was slightly increased. Coronary angiography showed normal arteries and thus prompted an endomyocardial biopsy. The @entity1 was transferred to the intensive care unit with a clinical diagnosis of @entity2401 associated with @entity2293 . Emergency pericardiocentesis relieved symptoms immediately. The cells in the pericardial effusion were mainly eosinophils; @entity225 and @entity4047 levels were predominantly elevated, and the effusion was drained for 5 days. The biopsy specimen revealed necrotizing @entity2401 . Left ventricular function recovered within a week without corticosteroid therapy. No relapse was observed as of 8 months after diagnosis.

title: Therapeutic role of pericardiocentesis for acute necrotizing @entity2401 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2293 :: (MESH:D002305,Disease) :: ['cardiac tamponade']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2194 are the most common conditions affecting the external ocular adnexa. The most common forms are primarily IgE-mediated and share features in common with other @entity558 . Mast cell activation and release of mediators, particularly @entity112 , are central to the pathogenesis of seasonal and @entity56 . These conditions are self-limited without the occurrence of ocular surface damage. In contrast, @entity5902 and @entity9849 are complex diseases, involving both early- and late-phase allergic responses. They are characterized by severe chronic @entity32 with T cell infiltration in the conjunctiva and may be sight-threatening. OBJECTIVES: To provide a brief overview of the @entity56 and summarize the current knowledge of immunopathogenetic mechanisms involved in initiating and driving these conditions. DATA SOURCES: English-language articles were sought from a MEDLINE search from 1995. This yielded a number of scientific and review papers exploring recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the @entity56 . CONCLUSIONS: Recent advances in knowledge about the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in @entity566 have led to a better understanding of treatment options and to the development of new treatment modalities, resulting in improved control of symptoms for @entity1 .

title: Ocular XXXX : implications for the clinical immunologist.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['immune inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic diseases of the eye']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['atopic conditions']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['atopic keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['ocular allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['ocular allergic conditions', 'perennial allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5902 :: ('MESH:D003233', 'Disease') :: ['vernal keratoconjunctivitis']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: Aquatic larvae of the newt Pleurodeles waltl were exposed to different concentrations of @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) for various lengths of time. Frequencies of micronuclei in circulating erythrocytes were determined at different times after termination of the treatment. The incidence of micronuclei in larvae kept for 8 days in @entity3015 -containing water displayed a marked increase with dose up to 0.075 ppm and a more gradual one with higher doses, reaching 158 per 1,000 at 0.75 ppm. The lowest dose at which a significant increase could be discerned was 0.01 ppm. Short periods of exposure, less than 2 days, did not result in a marked increase in micronuclei. Uptake and release was studied with tritiated @entity3015 . Larvae concentrated @entity3015 rapidly, attaining maximal levels after 12 hr. The ratio of radioactivity in larvae to that in an equivalent volume of surrounding water was about 200 independent of the amount of @entity3015 added. Calf serum or bovine serum albumin added to the water lowered this ratio by competing for binding to @entity3015 . Radioactive larvae placed in regularly renewed noncontaminated water lost 99% of the label after 100 hr. It is concluded that pleurodele larvae are a promising model for the detection of genotoxic activity in the aquatic environment.

title: Micronuclei in red blood cells of the newt Pleurodeles waltl after treatment with XXXX : dependence on dose, length of exposure, posttreatment time, and uptake of the drug.

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']


abstract: The practice of treating candidates for liver transplantation (LT) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ), with locoregional therapies, is common in most transplantation centers. We present our results using transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as a neo-adjuvant treatment in our center between 2002 and 2013 to determine its effectiveness in downstaging (DS) @entity157 within the Milan criteria (MC). Clinical variables were recorded of both donors and recipients, such as diagnosis and treatment, variables related to its etiology, the use of TACE as a neo-adjuvant treatment, immunosuppressive therapy, @entity137 , recurrence of disease, exitus, and others. Sixty-four @entity1 were analyzed. Median age was 57 (range, 51-64) years. In this study, 84% (54) were male and 16% (10) were @entity1 . Etiology of @entity157 was viral in 47% (30), alcoholic in 25% (16), and other in 28% (18). TACE was conducted in 45 @entity1 (70%). Every @entity1 included in our study presented a T2 stage (of @entity5 -nodes-metastasis [TNM]) before surgery, thus within the MC. However, DS protocol was performed in 5 @entity1 (7.8%). We performed a bivariate analysis, having assessed that the use of TACE decreases T2 stage into T1-T0 stage (P  < .05). We have also calculated the recurrence-free survival, which reaches up to 80% to 125 months. Furthermore, even though the statistical differences are not consistent due to the simple size presented, we conclude that TACE is a safe and effective therapy to control @entity157 progression during the waiting list time.

title: Role of Transarterial Chemoembolization to Downstage XXXX Within the Milan Criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity173 due to falls cause significant morbidity and mortality among geriatric @entity1 . A significant unmet need is an optimal @entity158 management strategy. Consequently, @entity1 are treated with standard analgesic care (SAC) regimens, which deliver high narcotic doses. However, narcotics are associated with @entity933 as well as gastrointestinal and @entity1576 risks. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided continuous compartmental fascia @entity616 (CFIB) in @entity1 60 years or older with @entity173 in comparison with SAC alone. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 108 @entity1 60 years or older, with acute @entity158 secondary to hip @entity174 (2012-2013). @entity1 variables were age, sex, comorbidities, and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Primary outcome was @entity158 scores; secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, discharge disposition, morbidity, and mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using (IBM SPSS version 22). For group comparison (SAC vs. SAC + CFIB) median test, repeated-measures analysis and Student's t test of transformed @entity158 scores were used. RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity1 received SAC only, and 44 @entity1 received SAC + CFIB. Each CFIB placement was successful on first attempt without complications. Median time from emergency department arrival to block placement was 12.5 hours (interquartile range, 4-22 hours). @entity1 who received SAC + CFIB had significantly lower @entity158 score ratings than @entity1 treated with SAC alone. There were no differences in inpatient morbidity and mortality rates. @entity1 treated with SAC + CFIB were discharged home more often (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided CFIB is safe, practical, and readily integrated into the G-60 service for improved @entity158 management of @entity173 . We are now conducting a prospective randomized control trial to confirm our observations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV.

title: Geriatric trauma G-60 falls with @entity173 : A pilot study of acute XXXX management using femoral nerve fascia iliac blocks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'Hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['iliaca block']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity173 due to falls cause significant morbidity and mortality among geriatric @entity1 . A significant unmet need is an optimal @entity158 management strategy. Consequently, @entity1 are treated with standard analgesic care (SAC) regimens, which deliver high narcotic doses. However, narcotics are associated with @entity933 as well as gastrointestinal and @entity1576 risks. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided continuous compartmental fascia @entity616 (CFIB) in @entity1 60 years or older with @entity173 in comparison with SAC alone. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 108 @entity1 60 years or older, with acute @entity158 secondary to hip @entity174 (2012-2013). @entity1 variables were age, sex, comorbidities, and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Primary outcome was @entity158 scores; secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, discharge disposition, morbidity, and mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using (IBM SPSS version 22). For group comparison (SAC vs. SAC + CFIB) median test, repeated-measures analysis and Student's t test of transformed @entity158 scores were used. RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity1 received SAC only, and 44 @entity1 received SAC + CFIB. Each CFIB placement was successful on first attempt without complications. Median time from emergency department arrival to block placement was 12.5 hours (interquartile range, 4-22 hours). @entity1 who received SAC + CFIB had significantly lower @entity158 score ratings than @entity1 treated with SAC alone. There were no differences in inpatient morbidity and mortality rates. @entity1 treated with SAC + CFIB were discharged home more often (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided CFIB is safe, practical, and readily integrated into the G-60 service for improved @entity158 management of @entity173 . We are now conducting a prospective randomized control trial to confirm our observations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV.

title: Geriatric trauma G-60 falls with XXXX : A pilot study of acute @entity158 management using femoral nerve fascia iliac blocks.

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Assessment of @entity1082 ) prevalence and genotype distribution is important for monitoring the impact of prophylactic HPV vaccination. This study aimed to demonstrate the HPV genotypes predominating in pre-malignant and @entity5 in Northern Ireland (NI) before the vaccination campaign has effect. METHODS: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks from 2,303 @entity1 aged 16-93 years throughout NI were collated between April 2011 and February 2013. HPV DNA was amplified by PCR and HPV genotyping undertaken using the Roche   linear array detection kit. RESULTS: In total, 1,241 out of 1,830 eligible samples (68.0%) tested positive for HPV, with the majority of these [1,181/1,830 (64.5%)] having high-risk (HR) @entity1083 ; 37.4% were positive for @entity1799 (n   =   684) and 5.1% for HPV-18 (n   =   93). HPV type-specific prevalence was 48.1%, 65.9%, 81.3%, 92.2% and 64.3% among @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) grades I-III, @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and @entity420 ( @entity420 ) cases, respectively. Most @entity957 cases (81.3%) had only one HPV genotype detected and almost a third (32.0%) of all cervical pathologies were HPV negative including 51.9% of @entity3146 I (n   =   283), 34.1% @entity3146 (n   =   145), 18.7% of @entity3146 (n   =   146), 7.8% of @entity957 (n   =   5) and 35.7% of @entity420 (n   =   5) cases. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important baseline data for monitoring the effect of HPV vaccination in NI and for comparison with other UK regions. The coverage of other HR-HPV genotypes apart from 16 and 18, including HPV-45, 31, 39 and 52, and the potential for cross protection, should be considered when considering future polyvalent vaccines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: HPV prevalence and type-distribution in cervical XXXX and premalignant lesions of the cervix: A population-based study from Northern Ireland.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancers']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['CIN II', 'cervical intraepithelial neoplasias', 'CIN', 'CIN III']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the combined effect of @entity26239 and different @entity1522 ( @entity9108 , LYS; @entity2596 , @entity2596 ; @entity6779 , LEU; and @entity534 , @entity534 ) on the solubility of @entity1623 , a poorly water-soluble anti-inflammatory drug. Aqueous solubilities of @entity1623 in binary and ternary systems with @entity26239 and each @entity535 were determined. The pH was measured in all solubility studies and its role on drug solubility variation was evaluated. @entity369 was the most effective @entity535 in improving drug solubility and the only one which showed a synergistic effect when used in combination with @entity26239 . In contrast, some reduction with respect to the theoretical drug solubility (i.e. the sum of the solubilities in the presence of cyclodextrin and @entity535 separately) was observed in ternary combinations with the other @entity1522 . This occurred also in the case of @entity376 , despite the higher solubility of its ternary system in comparison with the binary cyclodextrin complex at pH 7. Phase-solubility experiments showed that the ternary system with @entity369 (pH approximately 7) exhibited a stability constant 3.6 times higher and was about 5.5 times more effective in improving drug solubility than the binary complex in buffered (pH approximately 7) aqueous solutions. These results demonstrated that the high increase in the drug solubility shown by ternary systems with @entity369 was not simply due to a favorable pH change but to multicomponent complex formation. Solid products of @entity1623 with @entity26239 , and/or @entity369 , prepared by different methods, were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

title: Ternary systems of @entity1623 with @entity26239 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoacids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoacid']

entities_list: @entity6779 :: ('CHEBI:17191', 'Chemical') :: ['L-iso-leucine']

entities_list: @entity26239 :: ('MESH:C053839', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['ARG', 'L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['aminoacids']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the combined effect of @entity26239 and different @entity1522 ( @entity9108 , LYS; @entity2596 , @entity2596 ; @entity6779 , LEU; and @entity534 , @entity534 ) on the solubility of @entity1623 , a poorly water-soluble anti-inflammatory drug. Aqueous solubilities of @entity1623 in binary and ternary systems with @entity26239 and each @entity535 were determined. The pH was measured in all solubility studies and its role on drug solubility variation was evaluated. @entity369 was the most effective @entity535 in improving drug solubility and the only one which showed a synergistic effect when used in combination with @entity26239 . In contrast, some reduction with respect to the theoretical drug solubility (i.e. the sum of the solubilities in the presence of cyclodextrin and @entity535 separately) was observed in ternary combinations with the other @entity1522 . This occurred also in the case of @entity376 , despite the higher solubility of its ternary system in comparison with the binary cyclodextrin complex at pH 7. Phase-solubility experiments showed that the ternary system with @entity369 (pH approximately 7) exhibited a stability constant 3.6 times higher and was about 5.5 times more effective in improving drug solubility than the binary complex in buffered (pH approximately 7) aqueous solutions. These results demonstrated that the high increase in the drug solubility shown by ternary systems with @entity369 was not simply due to a favorable pH change but to multicomponent complex formation. Solid products of @entity1623 with @entity26239 , and/or @entity369 , prepared by different methods, were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

title: Ternary systems of XXXX with @entity26239 and @entity1522 .

answer: @entity1623 :: (MESH:D009288,Chemical) :: ['naproxen']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the combined effect of @entity26239 and different @entity1522 ( @entity9108 , LYS; @entity2596 , @entity2596 ; @entity6779 , LEU; and @entity534 , @entity534 ) on the solubility of @entity1623 , a poorly water-soluble anti-inflammatory drug. Aqueous solubilities of @entity1623 in binary and ternary systems with @entity26239 and each @entity535 were determined. The pH was measured in all solubility studies and its role on drug solubility variation was evaluated. @entity369 was the most effective @entity535 in improving drug solubility and the only one which showed a synergistic effect when used in combination with @entity26239 . In contrast, some reduction with respect to the theoretical drug solubility (i.e. the sum of the solubilities in the presence of cyclodextrin and @entity535 separately) was observed in ternary combinations with the other @entity1522 . This occurred also in the case of @entity376 , despite the higher solubility of its ternary system in comparison with the binary cyclodextrin complex at pH 7. Phase-solubility experiments showed that the ternary system with @entity369 (pH approximately 7) exhibited a stability constant 3.6 times higher and was about 5.5 times more effective in improving drug solubility than the binary complex in buffered (pH approximately 7) aqueous solutions. These results demonstrated that the high increase in the drug solubility shown by ternary systems with @entity369 was not simply due to a favorable pH change but to multicomponent complex formation. Solid products of @entity1623 with @entity26239 , and/or @entity369 , prepared by different methods, were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

title: Ternary systems of @entity1623 with XXXX and @entity1522 .

answer: @entity26239 :: (MESH:C053839,Chemical) :: ['hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A solid @entity5 is a rare @entity788 accounting for 1-2% of exocrine @entity788 . It is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. It is mainly seen in young @entity1 between the second and third decades of life. Although it usually has a large size at the time of diagnosis, it is considered to have low malignant potential. Solid @entity5 (SPTs) have characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features that enable it to be differentiated from other more common @entity788 . Here, we report the case of a 34-year-old pregnant @entity1 who was admitted to The Royal Hospital, Oman, with a large mass in her pancreas, which was incidentally discovered during abdominal ultrasonography. The mass was investigated further with MRI. The MRI revealed a well-defined mass related to the tail and body of the pancreas with solid and cystic components. It had a heterogeneous texture with fluid levels of different signal intensities due to the presence of blood of different ages. The cystic-solid appearance of an encapsulated lesion with characteristic signal intensity on MRI suggested the possibility of a SPT. Postoperative histopathology results confirmed the diagnosis of a SPT. In this case report, we highlight the MRI features of a SPT and discuss how to differentiate it from other cystic @entity788 to increase the awareness of clinicians to this rare @entity788 .

title: Solid XXXX in a Pregnant @entity1 : Imaging Findings and Literature Review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pseudopapillary tumors', 'pseudopapillary neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors', 'pancreatic neoplasms', 'pancreatic tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Pseudopapillary Tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A solid @entity5 is a rare @entity788 accounting for 1-2% of exocrine @entity788 . It is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. It is mainly seen in young @entity1 between the second and third decades of life. Although it usually has a large size at the time of diagnosis, it is considered to have low malignant potential. Solid @entity5 (SPTs) have characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features that enable it to be differentiated from other more common @entity788 . Here, we report the case of a 34-year-old pregnant @entity1 who was admitted to The Royal Hospital, Oman, with a large mass in her pancreas, which was incidentally discovered during abdominal ultrasonography. The mass was investigated further with MRI. The MRI revealed a well-defined mass related to the tail and body of the pancreas with solid and cystic components. It had a heterogeneous texture with fluid levels of different signal intensities due to the presence of blood of different ages. The cystic-solid appearance of an encapsulated lesion with characteristic signal intensity on MRI suggested the possibility of a SPT. Postoperative histopathology results confirmed the diagnosis of a SPT. In this case report, we highlight the MRI features of a SPT and discuss how to differentiate it from other cystic @entity788 to increase the awareness of clinicians to this rare @entity788 .

title: Solid @entity5 in a Pregnant XXXX : Imaging Findings and Literature Review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Woman']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calpain, a cytosolic @entity141 -dependent proteinase, plays a pivotal role in cell injury. In this study, we investigated the effect of calpain-mu antisense oligonucleotide on oxidative stress induced- @entity130 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hemagglutinating virus of Japan liposome complex with one of three types of antisense oligonucleotide ( @entity1673 , @entity5427 , @entity14410 ) or scramble oligonucleotide was added to the culture medium of HuH7 cells and incubated for 6 days. The expression of calpain-mu protein was examined by Western blotting. After the addition of @entity2469 , bleb formation was examined by phase contrast microscopy, and cell viability was assessed by the release of @entity880 dehydrogenase. RESULTS: Incubation of HuH7 cells with @entity5427 resulted in a decrease in the amount of calpain on day 4 and a further decrease to almost undetectable levels on day 6, whereas scramble oligonucleotide had no effect. Bleb formation was observed 120 min after the addition of @entity2469 in scramble oligonucleotide-treated cells as in untreated cells. In contrast, it was rarely observed in @entity5427 -treated cells. @entity880 dehydrogenase release was significantly suppressed in @entity5427 -treated cells, compared with that in scramble oligonucleotide treated-cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that calpain activation is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity66 and that transfection of calpain antisense may potentially protect against @entity63 /reperfusion @entity99 .

title: Suppression of oxidative stress-induced XXXX by calpain antisense.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oxidative stress injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity2469 :: ('MESH:D020122', 'Chemical') :: ['tert-butyl hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocyte injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['hepatocyte injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed at quantifying the biomechanical features of the Sheffield Support Snood, a cervical orthosis specifically designed for @entity1 with neck @entity425 . The orthosis is designed to be adaptable to a @entity1 's level of functional limitation using adjustable removable supports, which contribute support and restrict movement only in desired anatomical planes. METHODS: The snood was evaluated along with two commercially available orthoses, the @entity24414 and Headmaster, in a series of flexion, extension, axial-rotation and lateral flexion movements. Characterization was performed with twelve healthy @entity1 with and without the orthoses. Two inertial-magneto sensors, placed on the forehead and sternum, were used to quantify the neck's range of motion. FINDINGS: In its less supportive configuration, the snood was effective in limiting movements to the desired planes, preserving free movement in other planes. The Headmaster was only effective in limiting flexion. The range of motion achieved with the snood in its rigid configuration was equivalent (P>0.05, effect size<0.4) to that achieved with the @entity24414 , both in trials performed reaching the maximum amplitude (range of motion reduction: 25%-34% vs 24%-47%) and at maximum speed (range of motion reduction: 24%-29% vs 25%-43%). INTERPRETATION: The Sheffield Support Snood is effectively adaptable to different tasks and, in its most supportive configuration, offers a support comparable to the @entity24414 , but providing a less bulky structure. The chosen method is suitable for the assessment of range of motions while wearing neck orthoses and is easily translatable in a clinical context.

title: Assessment of the Sheffield Support Snood, an innovative cervical orthosis designed for @entity1 affected by neck XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

answer: @entity425 :: (MESH:D018908,Disease) :: ['muscle weakness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed at quantifying the biomechanical features of the Sheffield Support Snood, a cervical orthosis specifically designed for @entity1 with neck @entity425 . The orthosis is designed to be adaptable to a @entity1 's level of functional limitation using adjustable removable supports, which contribute support and restrict movement only in desired anatomical planes. METHODS: The snood was evaluated along with two commercially available orthoses, the @entity24414 and Headmaster, in a series of flexion, extension, axial-rotation and lateral flexion movements. Characterization was performed with twelve healthy @entity1 with and without the orthoses. Two inertial-magneto sensors, placed on the forehead and sternum, were used to quantify the neck's range of motion. FINDINGS: In its less supportive configuration, the snood was effective in limiting movements to the desired planes, preserving free movement in other planes. The Headmaster was only effective in limiting flexion. The range of motion achieved with the snood in its rigid configuration was equivalent (P>0.05, effect size<0.4) to that achieved with the @entity24414 , both in trials performed reaching the maximum amplitude (range of motion reduction: 25%-34% vs 24%-47%) and at maximum speed (range of motion reduction: 24%-29% vs 25%-43%). INTERPRETATION: The Sheffield Support Snood is effectively adaptable to different tasks and, in its most supportive configuration, offers a support comparable to the @entity24414 , but providing a less bulky structure. The chosen method is suitable for the assessment of range of motions while wearing neck orthoses and is easily translatable in a clinical context.

title: Assessment of the Sheffield Support Snood, an innovative cervical orthosis designed for XXXX affected by neck @entity425 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We developed a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) followed by donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) for treatment of chemotherapy refractory @entity5 . Although the majority of @entity1 who receive this regimen achieve lasting mixed or full allogeneic chimerism, approximately 30% show initial mixed chimerism followed by loss of the donor graft. These @entity1 recover host hematopoiesis without significant @entity1503 . To assess the role of immunologic rejection in graft loss, we compared T-cell recovery and in vitro alloresponses in six @entity1 who lost their marrow graft to that in 16 concurrent @entity1 with sustained donor chimerism. @entity1 AND METHODS: Conditioning included pretransplant @entity786 (150-200 mg/kg), thymic irradiation (700 cGy), and pre- and post-transplant equine antithymocyte globulin (ATG; ATGAM). HLA-identical related donor BMT was followed by DLI at approximately day 35 in @entity1 without @entity2132 . RESULTS: The group with transient chimerism showed significantly increased circulating host T-cell (median 416 cells/mm(3) vs 10 cells/mm(3), p<0.05) and @entity405 T-cell numbers (354 cells/mm(3) vs 71 cells/mm(3), p<0.05) compared to the group with stable mixed or full donor chimerism within the first 100 days post-BMT. All DLI recipients who lost chimerism following DLI had greater than 80% recipient T cells at the time of DLI, whereas those with persistent chimerism had <60% host T cells. Graft rejection was associated with the development of a sensitized anti-donor bulk cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in 4 of 6 evaluated @entity1 , compared to only 1 of 10 evaluated @entity1 with sustained chimerism (p<0.05). Additionally, 3 of 5 evaluated transient chimeras showed high anti-donor CTL precursor frequencies in limiting dilution assays, and 3 of 4 evaluated transient chimeras showed high anti-donor @entity1199 ( @entity1199 )-producing T-helper (T(H)) cell frequencies. High anti-donor T(H) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors were not detected in sustained chimeras. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that loss of chimerism in @entity1 receiving this nonmyeloablative regimen is due to immune-mediated rejection. This rejection appears to bemediated by recovering recipient cytolytic @entity405 (+) cells as well as @entity1199 -producing recipient T(H) cells. These data are the first to demonstrate sensitization of recipient anti-donor @entity1199 -producing cells in association with @entity1 marrow allograft rejection.

title: Early host @entity405 T-cell recovery and sensitized anti-donor XXXX -producing and cytotoxic T-cell responses associated with marrow graft rejection following nonmyeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-vs-host disease']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We developed a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) followed by donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) for treatment of chemotherapy refractory @entity5 . Although the majority of @entity1 who receive this regimen achieve lasting mixed or full allogeneic chimerism, approximately 30% show initial mixed chimerism followed by loss of the donor graft. These @entity1 recover host hematopoiesis without significant @entity1503 . To assess the role of immunologic rejection in graft loss, we compared T-cell recovery and in vitro alloresponses in six @entity1 who lost their marrow graft to that in 16 concurrent @entity1 with sustained donor chimerism. @entity1 AND METHODS: Conditioning included pretransplant @entity786 (150-200 mg/kg), thymic irradiation (700 cGy), and pre- and post-transplant equine antithymocyte globulin (ATG; ATGAM). HLA-identical related donor BMT was followed by DLI at approximately day 35 in @entity1 without @entity2132 . RESULTS: The group with transient chimerism showed significantly increased circulating host T-cell (median 416 cells/mm(3) vs 10 cells/mm(3), p<0.05) and @entity405 T-cell numbers (354 cells/mm(3) vs 71 cells/mm(3), p<0.05) compared to the group with stable mixed or full donor chimerism within the first 100 days post-BMT. All DLI recipients who lost chimerism following DLI had greater than 80% recipient T cells at the time of DLI, whereas those with persistent chimerism had <60% host T cells. Graft rejection was associated with the development of a sensitized anti-donor bulk cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in 4 of 6 evaluated @entity1 , compared to only 1 of 10 evaluated @entity1 with sustained chimerism (p<0.05). Additionally, 3 of 5 evaluated transient chimeras showed high anti-donor CTL precursor frequencies in limiting dilution assays, and 3 of 4 evaluated transient chimeras showed high anti-donor @entity1199 ( @entity1199 )-producing T-helper (T(H)) cell frequencies. High anti-donor T(H) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors were not detected in sustained chimeras. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that loss of chimerism in @entity1 receiving this nonmyeloablative regimen is due to immune-mediated rejection. This rejection appears to bemediated by recovering recipient cytolytic @entity405 (+) cells as well as @entity1199 -producing recipient T(H) cells. These data are the first to demonstrate sensitization of recipient anti-donor @entity1199 -producing cells in association with @entity1 marrow allograft rejection.

title: Early host XXXX T-cell recovery and sensitized anti-donor @entity1199 -producing and cytotoxic T-cell responses associated with marrow graft rejection following nonmyeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: In vivo (lung resistive and viscoelastic pressures and static elastance) and in vitro (tissue resistance, elastance, and hysteresivity) respiratory mechanics were analyzed 1 and 30 days after saline (control) or @entity6453 (P [10 and 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally]) injection in @entity35 . Additionally, P10 and @entity30236 were treated with @entity1667 (2 mg/kg intravenously) at 1 or 6 hours after @entity647 ( @entity647 ) induction. Collagen and elastic fibers were quantified. Lung resistive and viscoelastic pressures and static elastance were higher in P10 and @entity30236 than in the control. Tissue elastance and resistance augmented from control to P10 (1 and 30 days) and @entity30236 . Hysteresivity increased in only @entity30236 . @entity1667 at 1 or 6 hours attenuated in vivo and in vitro mechanical changes in @entity30236 , whereas P10 parameters were similar to the control. Collagen increment was dose and time dependent. Elastic fibers increased in @entity30236 and at 30 days in P10. @entity228 prevented collagen increment and avoided elastogenesis. In conclusion, @entity1667 led to a complete maintenance of in vivo and in vitro respiratory mechanics in mild lesion, whereas it minimized the changes in tissue impedance and extracellular matrix in severe @entity647 . The beneficial effects of the early use of @entity230 in @entity647 remained unaltered at Day 30.

title: Effect of corticosteroid on lung parenchyma remodeling at an early phase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['paraquat']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study evaluated the remote @entity63 preconditioning (R-IPC) early and late repercussion on fresh ovarian transplants, aiming to assess a probable protective effect in ovarian follicular pool. Sixty @entity35 @entity72921 @entity35 were used, divided in 2 study groups: ovarian transplantation (Tx) and Tx + R-IPC, submitted to ovary transplant with or without R-IPC, respectively. These groups were subdivided according to the date for euthanasia: 4th, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th days of the postoperatory period. Morphology, morphometry, neoangiogenesis ( @entity6667 [ @entity6667 ]), proliferative activity (Ki-67), and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) were evaluated. Remote @entity63 preconditioning was performed in the common iliac artery. Fresh autologous ovarian tissue was implanted integrally in the retroperitoneum. All animals showed resumption of estrous phase after ovary transplantation. Remote @entity63 preconditioning attenuated the lesions progressively from the 7th day, with greater number of the immature follicles (14 days, P < .05), but didn't affect mature follicles and corpora lutea (P > .05). Immunohistochemical analyzes, taken as a whole, show that R-IPC benefic effect is more evident in the later periods of evaluation, when a greater proliferative activity (14, 21, and 30 days, P < .05) and lesser cell apoptotic activity (21 and 30 days, P < .05). The @entity6667 expression was similar in all times (P > .05). Remote @entity63 preconditioning could have a benefic effect in the progressive evaluation of freshly grafted ovarian, especially on the latest phases of the posttransplant period. The 14th day was a landmark in the recuperation of the graft. Further investigations are necessary to determine the role of R-IPC in this scenario and its effect in frozen-thawed ovarian tissue.

title: Progressive Evaluation of Apoptosis, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Fresh XXXX Ovarian Autografts Under Remote Ischemic Preconditioning.

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate remission rates and therapeutic strategies in the routine care of early @entity309 . METHODS: Between 2010 and 2013, a  total of 1,301  @entity1 with early @entity625 were followed by 89 rheumatologists for up to 2  years in an early @entity625 cohort (CAPEA). Complete 2-year data are available for 669 @entity1 with @entity309 . RESULTS: Ninety-three percent of @entity1 were diagnosed with a moderate or high disease activity score (DAS28 >  3.2). Within 6  months, 40   % were in clinical remission (DAS28 <  2.6) and 21   % reached a low disease activity score (DAS28 >  2.6 to <  3.2). This proportion did not substantially increase during the 2-year follow-up. @entity1499 was the standard first-line treatment in 82   % of @entity1 . During follow-up, 10   % were treated with a  combination of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and 12   % with biological agents. In 60   % of the @entity1 who did not reach remission within 3  months (and 54   % of @entity1 without remission by 6  months), treatment was not changed. At the beginning, 77   % of @entity1 were treated with glucocorticoids at different starting doses (26   % <  7.5  mg, 29   % 7.5-20  mg, and 45   % >=   20  mg of @entity617 per day). After 2  years, 47   % remained on glucocorticoids. CONCLUSION: While 40   % of @entity1 achieved clinical remission through standard care within 6  months, disease activity remained moderate to high in 37   % of @entity1 at 2  years. In these @entity1 a more consistent application of treatment may have increased the response rates.

title: [Clinical remission in @entity309 : Data from the early XXXX cohort study CAPEA].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate remission rates and therapeutic strategies in the routine care of early @entity309 . METHODS: Between 2010 and 2013, a  total of 1,301  @entity1 with early @entity625 were followed by 89 rheumatologists for up to 2  years in an early @entity625 cohort (CAPEA). Complete 2-year data are available for 669 @entity1 with @entity309 . RESULTS: Ninety-three percent of @entity1 were diagnosed with a moderate or high disease activity score (DAS28 >  3.2). Within 6  months, 40   % were in clinical remission (DAS28 <  2.6) and 21   % reached a low disease activity score (DAS28 >  2.6 to <  3.2). This proportion did not substantially increase during the 2-year follow-up. @entity1499 was the standard first-line treatment in 82   % of @entity1 . During follow-up, 10   % were treated with a  combination of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and 12   % with biological agents. In 60   % of the @entity1 who did not reach remission within 3  months (and 54   % of @entity1 without remission by 6  months), treatment was not changed. At the beginning, 77   % of @entity1 were treated with glucocorticoids at different starting doses (26   % <  7.5  mg, 29   % 7.5-20  mg, and 45   % >=   20  mg of @entity617 per day). After 2  years, 47   % remained on glucocorticoids. CONCLUSION: While 40   % of @entity1 achieved clinical remission through standard care within 6  months, disease activity remained moderate to high in 37   % of @entity1 at 2  years. In these @entity1 a more consistent application of treatment may have increased the response rates.

title: [Clinical remission in XXXX : Data from the early @entity625 cohort study CAPEA].

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Vertebrate mesoderm and endoderm formation requires signaling by Nodal-related ligands from the TGFb superfamily. The factors that initiate Nodal-related gene transcription are unknown in most species and the relative contributions of Nodal-related ligands from embryonic, extraembryonic and maternal sources remain uncertain. In @entity3392 , signals from the yolk syncytial layer (YSL), an extraembryonic domain, are required for mesoderm and endoderm induction, and YSL expression of @entity72922 ( @entity72922 ) and @entity50021 accounts for a portion of this activity. A variable requirement of maternally derived @entity72922 for dorsal and anterior @entity2270 formation has also been documented. Here we show that @entity72923 directly activates expression of @entity50021 via binding to its first intron and is required for @entity50021 expression in the YSL. @entity72923 is also required for the Nodal signaling-independent expression component of the @entity55487 (ntla) gene, which is required for posterior (tail) mesoderm formation. Therefore, @entity72923 defines a new pathway upstream of Nodal signaling and posterior mesoderm formation. We further show that the co-disruption of extraembryonic @entity50021 , extraembryonic @entity72922 and maternal @entity72922 eliminates endoderm and anterior (head and trunk) mesoderm, recapitulating the loss of Nodal signaling phenotype. Therefore, non-embryonic sources of Nodal-related ligands account for the complete spectrum of early Nodal signaling requirements. In summary, the induction of mesoderm and endoderm depends upon the combined actions of @entity72923 and Nodal-related ligands from non-embryonic sources.

title: Embryonic mesoderm and endoderm induction requires the actions of non-embryonic Nodal-related ligands and XXXX .

answer: @entity72923 :: (58078(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['Mxtx2']


abstract: A ten-year follow-up study of 382 @entity1 with Stage I (T1N0M0) @entity0 revealed @entity204 due to @entity5 in 16% of the @entity1 . Among 134 @entity1 (35%) with a primary @entity5 1.0 cm or less in diameter (Group A), 7% had recurrences and 5% died of @entity0 . Recurrences were observed in 21% of the 248 @entity1 with a @entity5 1.1-2.0 cm in diameter (Group B), and 15% died of disease. These differences in recurrence and mortality rates were statistically significant. All recurrences were due to infiltrating @entity1137 which accounted for 91% of the 382 @entity189 . Most strongly linked to recurrence was the finding of @entity5 emboli in lymphatics of the breast. This was found in 23 Group B @entity1 and ten of them (43%) died of disease. No recurrences were observed among the seven Group A @entity1 with lymphatic emboli. Other features associated with a significantly increased risk of recurrence were poorly differentiated @entity189 , marked @entity5 , and menarche before age 12 years or after age 14 years. No combination of variables proved to identify a subset of @entity1 with an especially increased or low risk of recurrence. Stage I @entity1 with @entity5 in the breast surrounding a @entity189 1.1-2.0 cm in diameter have a sufficient risk for recurrence to warrant consideration of adjuvant systemic therapy. A very low risk of recurrence was observed for the following: any @entity5 1.0 cm or smaller; and tubular, medullary or @entity3079 up to 2.0 cm.

title: Predictors of recurrence in stage I (T1N0M0) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['duct or lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['colloid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lymphoid reaction to tumor', 'cancer', 'lymphatic tumor emboli']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['recurrence and/or death']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: A bioassay of the tuberculostatic drug @entity5585 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to Fischer 344 @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . Groups of 35 @entity35 and 35 @entity19 of each sex were administered @entity5585 at one of two doses, either 5,000 or 10,000 ppm, for 78 weeks, and then observed for an additional 26 or 27 weeks. Matched controls consisted of groups of 15 untreated @entity35 and 15 untreated @entity19 of each sex. High-dose male @entity19 died or were killed by week 92; all other surviving animals were killed at weeks 104 or 105. Mean body weights of the dosed male @entity35 were slightly lower than those of the matched controls, while mean body weights of the dosed females were more nearly comparable to those of the controls. A sufficient number of @entity35 in each group was at risk to termination of the study at weeks 104-105 for the development of late-appearing @entity5 . In @entity19 , administration of @entity5585 had no consistent effect on mean body weights. Survival to termination of the study was low, particularly among the control groups. In @entity35 , no lesions could clearly be related to administration of the chemical. In @entity19 , interstitial and suppurative @entity2401 in the dosed animals and @entity3127 in both dosed and matched control @entity19 of each sex were associated with increased deaths. In the females, there was a significant positive dose-related trend (P=0.037) in the incidence of @entity706 (matched controls 0/13, low-dose 2/25, high-dose 6/29); however, the incidences in each of the dosed groups were not significant when compared with that in the matched controls. In addition, the poor survival and the small size of the control group precluded making a clear association of the incidence of these @entity5 with administration of the chemical. It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, the early deaths and small size of the control group precluded a conclusion regarding the carcinogenicity of @entity5585 in female B6C3F1 @entity19 . @entity5585 was not carcinogenic for Fischer 344 @entity35 or for male @entity19 .

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyrazinamide', 'pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['suppurative bronchopneumonias']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity5585 :: (MESH:D011718,Chemical) :: ['pyrazinamide']


abstract: A bioassay of the carcinogenicity of technical-grade @entity21093 was conducted using Osborne-Mendel @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . The test material was administered in feed to groups of 50 @entity35 of each sex at either of two concentrations for 80 weeks, followed by 35 weeks of observation. Initial doses were not well tolerated; therefore, they were reduced during the study. The "time-weighted average doses" for @entity35 were 155 and 310 ppm for males and 192 and 384 ppm for females. All surviving @entity35 were killed between 113 and 115 weeks. @entity21093 was administered in feed to groups of 50 male and 50 female @entity19 at two concentrations. Female @entity19 received diets containing 200 and 500 ppm of @entity21093 for 80 weeks; male @entity19 received the same dosage. However, high-dose males were returned to the control diet at 60 weeks, and low-dose males at 69 weeks. All surviving @entity19 were killed between 93 and 94 weeks. @entity400 and hyperexcitability, both indications of @entity21093 @entity137 , were observed in the treated animals. However, it is considered that the low-dose group of @entity35 and both dose groups of @entity19 survived long enough to permit an evaluation of carcinogenicity. Pathologic evaluation revealed no statistically significant increase in @entity5 associated with @entity21093 treatment in either species of animal, and it is concluded that there was no carcinogenic effect under the conditions of the experiment.

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21093 :: ('MESH:D004117', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethoate', 'Dimethoate']

answer: @entity21093 :: (MESH:D004117,Chemical) :: ['dimethoate']


abstract: A bioassay of @entity19727 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to Fischer 344 @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . Groups of 35 @entity35 and 35 @entity19 of each sex were administered @entity19727 at one of the following doses, either 15,000 or 30,000 ppm for the @entity35 , and either 25,000 or 50,000 ppm for the @entity19 , 5 days per week for 78 weeks, then observed for an additional 26-27 weeks. Matched controls consisted of groups of 15 @entity35 and 15 @entity19 of each sex; pooled controls, used for statistical evaluation, consisted of the matched controls combined with 15 untreated male and 15 untreated female animals of each species from a similar bioassay of another test chemical Except for the matched-control male @entity19 , all surviving animals in the study were killed at 104-106 weeks. Half of the matched-control male @entity19 , which were accidentally killed at week 12, were excluded from the report; the remaining matched-control males died by week 94. Mean body weights of the low-and high-dose male and high-dose female @entity35 were lower than those of the corresponding matched controls for the duration of the study. The weights of the low-dose females were similar to those of the matched controls for the first 45 weeks, after which they declined slightly. The weights of the low-dose male @entity19 were similar to those of the matched controls, while those of the high-dose males and of the low-and high-dose females were slightly lower. Survival of both treated and matched-control groups of @entity35 of both sexes was high; survival of treated @entity19 of both sexes and of female matched controls, although lower than that of the @entity35 , was sufficient for meaningful statistical analyses of the incidences of @entity5 . In @entity35 , a variety of @entity5 were observed in both treated and control animals. Few @entity5 were found, and no @entity5 occurred in treated animals in statistically significant incidences when compared with control animals. In @entity19 , a variety of @entity5 were observed in both treated and control animals. These @entity5 are not uncommon in this strain of @entity19 , and none occurred in treated animals in statistically significant incidences when compared with control animals. It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, @entity19727 was not carcinogenic for either Fischer 344 @entity35 or B6C3F1 @entity19 .

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

entities_list: @entity19727 :: ('MESH:C031385', 'Chemical') :: ['anthranilic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

answer: @entity19727 :: (MESH:C031385,Chemical) :: ['anthranilic acid']


abstract: @entity858 -glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are critical for the metabolism and clearance of drugs, chemicals, and hormones. The development of @entity6912 and 1A6 was studied in 50 pediatric liver samples using @entity648 , @entity750 activity assays, and Western blot as well as pharmacokinetic scaling. UGT activity developed age dependently in pediatric liver. Maximal activity of 0.7690 nmol    min    (-1) mg protein(-1) was observed for @entity6912 at 3.8 months. For @entity11107 , activity matured at 14 months (4.737 nmol    min    (-1)mg protein(-1)). Protein expression was not age-dependent, and activities did not correlate to protein levels for either enzyme. The in vitro activities were used to calculate normalized hepatic clearances using both allometric scaling and a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. For @entity6912 , allometry predicted normalized adult clearances of 0.0070 l    h(-1)    kg(-1) at 3.0 (well stirred) and 2.8 years (parallel tube), whereas the Simcyp model showed normalized clearances of 0.0079 l    h(-1)    kg(-1) at 2.6 (well stirred) and 2.5 years (parallel tube). For @entity11107 , only the Simcyp well stirred model converged at 0.3524 l    h(-1)    kg(-1) at 12.6 months. These data imply independent regulation of @entity6912 and 1A6 where activity has matured after 6 months to 1 year. Total hepatic clearance of substances mediated by these enzymes may mature concurrently or take longer because of other physiological factors. Late development of UGT enzymes may contribute to chemical, drug, and environmental @entity137 .

title: The development of XXXX -glucuronosyltransferases 1A1 and 1A6 in the pediatric liver.

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity858 :: (MESH:D014530,Chemical) :: ['UDP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the radiographic findings in @entity11665 of the hip is widening of the joint space between the femoral head and the acetabulum, although the cause and sequelae of the widening are unclear. METHODS: Between May 1991 and June 2005, twenty-one @entity1 with @entity11665 of the hip were treated with open @entity4713 . Joint space widening was assessed on radiographs made preoperatively, immediately after surgery, and at the time of follow-up. The changes of the radiographic joint space width were evaluated during the mean follow-up period of 5.9 years (range, 2.3 to 12.3 years). RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 had joint space widening on preoperative radiographs of the hip. Medial joint space widening was seen in three @entity1 , and both medial and superior joint space widening was evident in nine @entity1 . Compared with the medial and superior joint spaces in the unaffected, contralateral hip, those in the affected hip were wider by an average of 44.7% and 35.9%, respectively. The medial joint space widths of the affected hip decreased slightly during the early postoperative period; however, widened joint spaces were persistent at the final follow-up visit, without other important changes. The superior joint space widths did not show substantial changes throughout the postoperative follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Joint space widening is a recognized radiographic finding in primary @entity11665 of the hip. Although there was persistence of joint space widening after synovectomy in all @entity1 , this joint space widening did not influence the clinical results at the time of follow-up.

title: Joint space widening in XXXX of the hip.

entities_list: @entity11665 :: ('MESH:D015838', 'Disease') :: ['synovial chondromatosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['synovectomy and removal of osteochondral fragments']

answer: @entity11665 :: (MESH:D015838,Disease) :: ['synovial chondromatosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous manifestations of @entity2615 are rare, polymorphic, and occur at various stages of the disease. CASE REPORTS: Case 1. A 60 year-old @entity1 , 6 months after the initial diagnosis of a @entity2615 , developed a right latero-thoracic subcutaneous nodule. The lesion resulted from an inoculation of tumoral cells to the wall at the time of the initial thoracoscopy. No specific treatment was proposed. Case 2. A 62 year-old @entity1 , with a history of @entity2615 developed an inflammatory layer of the left chest wall. The lesion, laid out like an hemi-belt, was centred by the thoracotomy scar and was associated with retraction phenomena of the thoracic wall. The lesion corresponded to a direct extension of the mesothelioma to the wall. At the same time, the @entity456 was progressing. The @entity1 died a few weeks later. COMMENTS: Cutaneous manifestations usually occur when the diagnosis of primitive @entity5 has been already established. Distant cutaneous metastases are exceptional and involve with predilection the cephalic extremity. The majority of cutaneous lesions are distributed near the tumoral site and represent either a direct extension of the @entity5 to the thoracic wall, or a malignant seeding by diffusion of the pleural fluid at the time of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

title: [Cutaneous metastasis of XXXX : two cases].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pleural cancer']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural disease']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Histological subtype is an established prognostic factor in malignant @entity2615 (MPM). We retrospectively investigated the accuracy of classifying histological subtype on diagnostic biopsies and examined the impact of different diagnostic procedures on the outcome. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with histologically confirmed MPM who underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) from 1994 to 2009 were included. @entity1 records were reviewed, and the initial diagnoses of histological subtype were obtained. The archival EPP specimens were reviewed by a panel of pathologists. The histological subtype obtained at review was compared with the initial diagnosis. RESULTS: Eighty-five @entity1 underwent EPP. Two @entity1 achieved a pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, leaving 83 @entity1 to be included in this review. Different diagnostic methods were used before EPP: 81% thoracoscopy; 7% thoracotomy; 11% computed tomography-guided procedure; and 1% other. @entity1 determined to have an epithelial subtype (n = 64) at EPP were diagnosed correctly at initial diagnostic biopsy in 84% of cases, whereas @entity1 considered to have a biphasic subtype (n = 19) at EPP were diagnosed correctly at diagnostic biopsy in 26% of cases. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic biopsy for epithelial MPM was 93% and 31%, respectively. The overall subtype misclassification rate was 20%. Biopsy by thoracotomy was most accurate in subtype classification (83%) compared with thoracoscopy (74%) and computed tomography-guided procedure (44%). CONCLUSIONS: The determination of histological subtype from a diagnostic biopsy is difficult due to sampling error, but an adequate specimen obtained from surgical biopsy increases the accuracy of subtype classification compared with radiological-guided biopsies.

title: Accuracy of diagnostic biopsy for the histological subtype of malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'Patient']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prolonged, moderate-intensity exercise training is routinely prescribed to subjects with @entity28 . In the general population, this type of exercise can lead to fluid and @entity1372 imbalance. However, little is known whether @entity28 alters the risk of fluid and @entity1372 imbalances. OBJECTIVE: This study examined physiological responses, such as core body temperature, fluid and @entity1372 balance, in lean (BMI<25), overweight (25<BMI<30) and @entity28 (BMI>30) subjects during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise. SUBJECTS: A total of 93 volunteers (24-80 years), stratified for BMI, participated in the Nijmegen Marches and walked 30-50 km at a self-selected pace. Heart rate and core body temperature were recorded every 5 km. Subjects reported fluid intake, while urine output was measured and sweat rate was calculated. Baseline and post-exercise plasma @entity1372 levels were determined, and urinary specific gravity levels were assessed before and after exercise. RESULTS: BMI groups did not differ in training status preceding the experiment. Exercise duration (8 h 41    1 h 36 min) and intensity (72    9% HR(max)) were comparable across groups, whereas @entity28 subjects tended to have a higher maximum core body temperature than lean controls (P=0.06). Obese subjects demonstrated a significantly higher fluid intake (P<0.001) and sweat rate (P<0.001), but lower urine output (P<0.05) compared with lean subjects. In addition, higher urine specific gravity levels were observed in @entity28 versus lean subjects after exercise (P<0.05). Furthermore, plasma- @entity1372 concentration did not change in lean subjects after exercise, whereas plasma- @entity1372 levels increased significantly (P<0.001) in overweight and @entity28 subjects. Also, overweight and @entity28 subjects demonstrated a significantly larger decrease in body mass after exercise than lean controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Obese subjects demonstrate a larger deviation in markers of fluid and @entity1372 balance than their lean counterparts during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise. These findings suggest that overweight and @entity28 subjects, especially under strenuous environmental conditions, have an increased risk to develop fluid and @entity1372 imbalances.

title: The impact of XXXX on physiological responses during prolonged exercise.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: A bioassay of technical-grade @entity37990 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in the diet to Osborne-Mendel @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . Groups of 50 @entity35 of each sex were administered @entity37990 at one of two doses for 80 weeks, then observed for 30-31 weeks. Time-weighted average doses for both males and females were 5,063 or 10,126 ppm. Matched controls consisted of groups of 10 untreated @entity35 of each sex; pooled controls consisted of the matched-control groups combined with 55 untreated male or female @entity35 from similar bioassays of five other test chemicals. All surviving @entity35 were killed at 110-111 weeks. Groups of 50 @entity19 of each sex were administered @entity37990 at one of two doses for 80 weeks, then observed for 11-12 weeks. Time-weighted average doses for males were 2,688 or 5,375 ppm, and for females, 3,000 or 6,000 ppm. Matched controls consisted of groups of 10 untreated @entity19 of each sex; pooled controls consisted of the matched-control groups combined with 50 untreated male or female @entity19 from similar bioassays of five other test chemicals. All surviving @entity19 were killed at 91-92 weeks. Clinical signs that appeared with increasing frequency in dosed @entity35 included @entity811 and, from week 72 until termination of the study, bright-yellow urine. Since the dosed female @entity19 did not have @entity308 in mean body weights or decreased survival compared with the controls, they may have been able to tolerate a higher dose. In @entity35 , @entity652 and @entity703 occurred with a significant dose-related trend in both the males (P=0.030) and the females (P=0.007). These @entity5 also occurred at a higher incidence in the high-dose males (P=0.035) and the high-dose females (P=0.016) than in the corresponding controls (males: pooled controls 0/62, low-dose 3/46, high-dose 4/49; females: pooled controls 0/62, low-dose 1/48, high-dose 5/50). These @entity5 included both @entity652 and @entity189 which are considered to be histogenically related. Thus these findings are interpreted as sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of @entity37990 . In @entity19 , no @entity5 were found to occur at a greater incidence among dosed animals than among controls. It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, technical-grade @entity37990 was carcinogenic to Osborne-Mendel @entity35 , producing @entity5 of the kidney. @entity37990 was not carcinogenic for B6C3F1 @entity19 .

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity37990 :: ('MESH:C005806', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorothalonil', 'Chlorothalonil']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas of the renal tubular epithelium']

answer: @entity37990 :: (MESH:C005806,Chemical) :: ['chlorothalonil']


abstract: A bioassay for possible carcinogenicity of technical-grade @entity53303 ( @entity53303 ) was conducted using Osborne-Mendel @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . @entity53303 in @entity4336 oil was administered by gavage 5 days a week, at either of two dosages, to groups of 50 male and 50 female animals of each species. Initial dosage levels for the chronic bioassay were selected on the basis of a preliminary subchronic @entity137 test. Subsequent dosage adjustments were made during the course of the chronic bioassay. The time-weighted average dosages of @entity53303 in the chronic study were 29 mg/kg/day for the high dose @entity35 of both sexes, and 15 mg/kg/day for the low dose @entity35 of both sexes. The time-weighted average concentrations for the high dose male and female @entity19 were 219 and 209 mg/kg/day, respectively. The time-weighted average concentrations for the low dose male and female @entity19 were 114 and 110 mg/kg day, respectively. For each species, 20 animals of each sex were placed on test as vehicle controls. These animals were intubated with @entity4336 oil at the same time that dosed animals were intubated with @entity53303 mixtures. Twenty animals of each sex were placed on test as untreated controls for each species. These animals received no gavage treatments. @entity53303 was administered to the high dose male and high dose female @entity35 for 64 weeks prior to sacrifice, and to the low dose female @entity35 for 73 weeks prior to sacrifice. The low dose male @entity35 were treated for 78 weeks followed by an additional 5 weeks of observation. The high dose male and female @entity19 were treated for 47 weeks prior to sacrifice; the low dose male @entity19 were treated for 59 or 60 weeks prior to sacrifice, and the low dose female @entity19 were treated for 60 weeks prior to sacrifice. In @entity35 and @entity19 of both sexes, statistically significant incidences of @entity957 of the forestomach occurred in each dosed group and a significant positive association existed between dosage level and @entity5 incidence. The incidences of @entity420 of the mammary gland were statistically significant in female @entity35 when the treated groups were compared to the controls. @entity8 was also observed at elevated incidences in all of the treated @entity35 and @entity19 when compared to their respective untreated or vehicle control groups. Under the conditions of this study, @entity53303 is a stomach carcinogen in @entity35 and @entity19 of both sexes and is carcinogenic to the mammary gland in female @entity35 .

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Toxic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity53303 :: ('MESH:C007318', 'Chemical') :: ['DBCP', 'dibromochloropropane']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity53303 :: (MESH:C007318,Chemical) :: ['dibromochloropropane']


abstract: Up to recently the post-mortem diagnosis of @entity2021 has been based solely on circumstantial evidence. With the development of assays for @entity13622 it is now possible to verify cases of suspected @entity2021 . Here we present one such case, which initially appeared to be due to @entity944 of unknown cause. A 47-year-old farmer was found dead in his bathroom around midnight. Hospital records revealed that he had previously been diagnosed with an @entity566 to house dust mites. He had also had infrequent episodes of airway symptoms, @entity390 , @entity551 and @entity294 usually after going to bed. The forensic autopsy did not give any clue to the cause of @entity204 . Serum tryptase in post-mortem blood was found to be substantially elevated in two samples (170 and >200 microg/L). Analysis of allergen-specific IgE showed high values for @entity7130 and farinae. High mite allergen levels were found in dust obtained from the @entity1 's mattress. The results of the immunological tests support the assumption that he died of anaphylactic shock. The circumstances and the @entity1 's history of previous attacks after going to bed point to the fact that exposure to mite contaminated food and/or exposure to mite allergens in bed might have caused his @entity204 .

title: Death in XXXX in a @entity1 with house dust mite @entity566 .

entities_list: @entity13622 :: ('25823', 'Gene') :: ['mast cell tryptase']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylaxis']


abstract: Up to recently the post-mortem diagnosis of @entity2021 has been based solely on circumstantial evidence. With the development of assays for @entity13622 it is now possible to verify cases of suspected @entity2021 . Here we present one such case, which initially appeared to be due to @entity944 of unknown cause. A 47-year-old farmer was found dead in his bathroom around midnight. Hospital records revealed that he had previously been diagnosed with an @entity566 to house dust mites. He had also had infrequent episodes of airway symptoms, @entity390 , @entity551 and @entity294 usually after going to bed. The forensic autopsy did not give any clue to the cause of @entity204 . Serum tryptase in post-mortem blood was found to be substantially elevated in two samples (170 and >200 microg/L). Analysis of allergen-specific IgE showed high values for @entity7130 and farinae. High mite allergen levels were found in dust obtained from the @entity1 's mattress. The results of the immunological tests support the assumption that he died of anaphylactic shock. The circumstances and the @entity1 's history of previous attacks after going to bed point to the fact that exposure to mite contaminated food and/or exposure to mite allergens in bed might have caused his @entity204 .

title: Death in @entity2021 in a @entity1 with house dust mite XXXX .

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: Up to recently the post-mortem diagnosis of @entity2021 has been based solely on circumstantial evidence. With the development of assays for @entity13622 it is now possible to verify cases of suspected @entity2021 . Here we present one such case, which initially appeared to be due to @entity944 of unknown cause. A 47-year-old farmer was found dead in his bathroom around midnight. Hospital records revealed that he had previously been diagnosed with an @entity566 to house dust mites. He had also had infrequent episodes of airway symptoms, @entity390 , @entity551 and @entity294 usually after going to bed. The forensic autopsy did not give any clue to the cause of @entity204 . Serum tryptase in post-mortem blood was found to be substantially elevated in two samples (170 and >200 microg/L). Analysis of allergen-specific IgE showed high values for @entity7130 and farinae. High mite allergen levels were found in dust obtained from the @entity1 's mattress. The results of the immunological tests support the assumption that he died of anaphylactic shock. The circumstances and the @entity1 's history of previous attacks after going to bed point to the fact that exposure to mite contaminated food and/or exposure to mite allergens in bed might have caused his @entity204 .

title: Death in @entity2021 in a XXXX with house dust mite @entity566 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']