abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered numerous genetic variants (SNPs) that are associated with blood pressure (BP). Genetic variants may lead to BP changes by acting on intermediate molecular phenotypes such as coded protein sequence or gene expression, which in turn affect BP variability. Therefore, characterizing genes whose expression is associated with BP may reveal cellular processes involved in BP regulation and uncover how transcripts mediate genetic and environmental effects on BP variability. A meta-analysis of results from six studies of global gene expression profiles of BP and @entity101 in whole blood was performed in 7017 individuals who were not receiving antihypertensive drug treatment. We identified 34 genes that were differentially expressed in relation to BP (Bonferroni-corrected p<0.05). Among these genes, @entity1639 and @entity3840 have been previously reported to be involved in BP-related processes; the others are novel. The top BP signature genes in aggregate explain 5%-9% of inter-individual variance in BP. Of note, @entity31703 in @entity31694 , which was also reported in GWAS to be associated with BP, was found to be a trans regulator of the expression of 6 of the transcripts we found to be associated with BP ( @entity1639 , @entity71326 , PP1R15A, @entity31693 , S100A10, and FGBP2). Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that the BP-related global gene expression changes include genes involved in inflammatory response and apoptosis pathways. Our study provides new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying BP regulation, and suggests novel transcriptomic markers for the treatment and prevention of @entity101 .

title: A Meta-analysis of Gene Expression Signatures of Blood Pressure and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: This study was aimed at assessing the MR patterns of transient @entity572 and, consequently, the role of MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up of this condition. Even though this condition was originally observed in pregnant @entity1 , young or middle-aged @entity1 are most frequently affected. There is a spontaneous onset of @entity158 , usually progressing over several weeks. The @entity1 have no risk factors for @entity2530 ; they may have a history of minor @entity130 and there is a possible relationship to the third trimester of pregnancy. Laboratory values are negative. @entity158 may be severe enough to cause the @entity1 to limp and to impair joint function. The possible causes of transient @entity170 have been debated by many authors and include @entity130 , @entity603 , @entity531 and transient or reversible @entity63 . Transient @entity170 is a self-limiting disease which does not require surgical treatment. The differential diagnosis of transient @entity572 is very important because this condition may simulate @entity5 , @entity5414 , @entity4034 or @entity2530 . We report the initial and follow-up features of transient @entity572 on the MR images of 6 @entity1 (M/F = 5/1; age: 37-49 years, mean: 41.8 years). The right side was involved in 3 @entity1 , the left side in 2 @entity1 . The @entity1 with bilateral transient @entity170 was a @entity1 in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. In all @entity1 , MRI was performed with an 0.5 T MR unit. The MR changes in our 6 @entity1 were rather uniform and included heterogeneous decrease in the signal intensity of the affected bone marrow on T1-weighted images and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images, with no evidence of focal lesions. This pattern is known as the " @entity236 " (BME) pattern. All the @entity1 received conservative treatment. The clinical symptoms and the MR abnormalities regressed completely within 6-10 months, with no late sequelae. To conclude, this follow-up MR study demonstrates the transient, reversible @entity572 . Until the natural history of the BME pattern is better understood, we suggest a conservative management of this condition, especially in the @entity1 with no risk factors for @entity2530 . Radiographic and MR follow-up is recommended.

title: [Transient XXXX in magnetic resonance imaging].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'woman', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis of the hip', 'character of transient osteoporosis of the hip']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis', 'osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis of the hip']


abstract: From January, 1985, to June, 1993, 125 @entity1 with stages B2-C @entity420 of the rectum were submitted to pre- and postoperative irradiation according to Thomas Jefferson University protocol guidelines. Five hundred cGy were administered as a single preoperative dose 24 hours before surgery using parallel opposed (AP-PA) treatment fields including the whole pelvis. Pathologic samples were classified following the Astler-Coller staging criteria. Forty-seven @entity1 had no postoperative treatment because their disease stage was A, B1 or D, 11 for refused consent and 9 postoperative complications preventing any further therapy. Seventy-eight @entity1 concluded the treatment schedule and are assessable for response. Radiotherapy total dose consisted of 4400-5000 cGy administered over 5-6 weeks: the @entity1 were treated with megavoltage photons (15-MeV photons) and one dose fraction of 2 Gy was delivered daily, 5 days a week, with the "box" or the "three-field" technique. Median follow-up time was 50.2 months from the beginning of treatment for all the @entity1 in our series (range: 18-120 months). Radiation therapy was well tolerated: 5 @entity1 had severe @entity294 and 2 had @entity1744 which required surgery. Local recurrences were observed in 13 of 78 @entity1 (16.7%). Overall actuarial survival at 5 years was 66.8%. Our results confirm the efficacy of this treatment, which is in agreement with international literature data. However, no difference was seen relative to the results obtained with postoperative irradiation alone. We conclude that sandwich radiotherapy can be an effective tool for the local control of @entity420 , with acceptable morbidity, even though it fails to prevent @entity3 .

title: [The results of sandwich adjuvant radiotherapy in 2nd- and 3rd-stage XXXX . The authors' personal experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: A Monte Carlo simulation is incorporated into a risk assessment for @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling coupled with the linearized multistage model to derive @entity1 carcinogenic risk extrapolations. The Monte Carlo technique incorporates physiological parameter variability to produce a statistically derived range of risk estimates which quantifies specific uncertainties associated with PBPK risk assessment approaches. Both inhalation and ingestion exposure routes are addressed. Simulated exposure scenarios were consistent with those used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in their @entity4966 risk assessment. Mean values of physiological parameters were gathered from the literature for both @entity19 (carcinogenic bioassay subjects) and for @entity1 . Realistic physiological value distributions were assumed using existing data on variability. @entity19 @entity5 bioassay data were correlated to total @entity4966 metabolized and area-under-the-curve (blood concentration) @entity2804 ( @entity2974 ) as determined by a @entity19 PBPK model. These internal dose metrics were used in a linearized multistage model analysis to determine dose metric values corresponding to 10(-6) lifetime excess @entity5 risk. Using a @entity1 PBPK model, these metabolized doses were then extrapolated to equivalent @entity1 exposures (inhalation and ingestion). The Monte Carlo iterations with varying @entity19 and @entity1 physiological parameters produced a range of @entity1 exposure concentrations producing a 10(-6) risk.

title: A XXXX risk assessment using a Monte Carlo analysis of parameter uncertainty in conjunction with physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['trichloroethylene']


abstract: Antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella spp., is an emerging problem of food safety. Antimicrobial use can result in selection of resistant organisms. The food chain is considered a route of transmission of resistant pathogens to @entity1 . In many European countries, @entity13135 are one of the most commonly used antimicrobials. The aim of our investigation was to assess the prevalence of sul genes and plasmid occurrence among @entity11682 -resistant Salmonella spp. Eighty-four @entity11682 -resistant isolates were collected in 2008 and 2013 from retail products in Poland. Minimal inhibitory concentration of all of these isolates was >= 1024    g/mL. Resistant isolates were tested for the presence of sul1, sul2, sul3, and @entity18142 genes by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. In total, 44.0% (37/84) isolates carried the sul1 gene, 46.4% (39/84) were sul2 positive, while the sul3 gene was not detected in any of the @entity11682 -resistant isolates tested. It was found that 3.6% (3/84) of resistant Salmonella spp. contained sul1, sul2, and intI genes. All 33 intI-positive isolates carried the sul1 gene. Eleven of the @entity11682 -resistant isolates were negative for all the sul genes. Most of the @entity11682 -resistant Salmonella spp. harbored plasmids; only in eight isolates were no plasmids detected. Generally, the size of the plasmids ranged from approximately 2   kb to >= 90   kb. Our results revealed a relatively a high prevalence of @entity13135 -resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from retail food. Additionally, we have detected a high dissemination of plasmids and class 1 integrons that may enhance the spread of resistance genes in the food chain.

title: Resistance to XXXX and Dissemination of sul Genes Among Salmonella spp. Isolated from Food in Poland.

entities_list: @entity13135 :: ('MESH:D013449', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamides']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

answer: @entity13135 :: (MESH:D013449,Chemical) :: ['Sulfonamides']


abstract: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a multi-target drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity2799 . In addition, several clinical trials are being conducted with arsenic-based drugs for the treatment of other @entity1583 and @entity5 . However, ATO's modest clinical efficacy on some @entity5 , and potential toxic effects on @entity1 have been reported. Determining how best to reduce these adverse effects while increasing its therapeutic efficacy is obviously a critical issue. Previously, we demonstrated that the @entity4675 -induced complex formation of phosphorylated @entity1178 and @entity25687 ( @entity25687 ) antagonizes ERK-induced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity994 ( @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 )) expression and resultant apoptosis in response to ATO in A431 cells. Surprisingly, at low-concentrations (0.1-0.2  M), ATO increased cellular proliferation, @entity4222 and invasion, involving @entity25687 expression, however, at high-concentrations (5-20  M), ATO induced cell apoptosis. Using a promoter analysis, @entity25687 was transcriptionally regulated by ATO at the @entity16389 binding site (-1486 to -1479bp) via the @entity7242 / @entity470 / @entity584 pathway. Stable overexpression of @entity25687 promoted advancing the cell cycle into the S phase, and attenuated 20  M ATO-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, blockage of the @entity584 pathway enhanced ATO-induced @entity994 expression and resultant apoptosis in @entity5 cells, but overexpression of @entity584 inhibited @entity994 expression. Therefore, we suggest that @entity25687 is transcriptionally regulated by the @entity7242 / @entity470 / @entity584 pathway, which plays a role as a negative regulator in antagonizing ATO-induced @entity994 expression and resultant apoptosis. Suppression of these antagonistic effects might be a promising therapeutic strategy toward improving clinical efficacy of ATO.

title: @entity25687 transcriptionally induced by @entity584 / XXXX is a negative regulator that antagonizes arsenic trioxide-induced @entity5 cell apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity25687 :: ('7050', 'Gene') :: ['TG-interacting factor', 'TGIF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity16389 :: (2309,Gene) :: ['FOXO3A']


abstract: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a multi-target drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity2799 . In addition, several clinical trials are being conducted with arsenic-based drugs for the treatment of other @entity1583 and @entity5 . However, ATO's modest clinical efficacy on some @entity5 , and potential toxic effects on @entity1 have been reported. Determining how best to reduce these adverse effects while increasing its therapeutic efficacy is obviously a critical issue. Previously, we demonstrated that the @entity4675 -induced complex formation of phosphorylated @entity1178 and @entity25687 ( @entity25687 ) antagonizes ERK-induced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity994 ( @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 )) expression and resultant apoptosis in response to ATO in A431 cells. Surprisingly, at low-concentrations (0.1-0.2  M), ATO increased cellular proliferation, @entity4222 and invasion, involving @entity25687 expression, however, at high-concentrations (5-20  M), ATO induced cell apoptosis. Using a promoter analysis, @entity25687 was transcriptionally regulated by ATO at the @entity16389 binding site (-1486 to -1479bp) via the @entity7242 / @entity470 / @entity584 pathway. Stable overexpression of @entity25687 promoted advancing the cell cycle into the S phase, and attenuated 20  M ATO-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, blockage of the @entity584 pathway enhanced ATO-induced @entity994 expression and resultant apoptosis in @entity5 cells, but overexpression of @entity584 inhibited @entity994 expression. Therefore, we suggest that @entity25687 is transcriptionally regulated by the @entity7242 / @entity470 / @entity584 pathway, which plays a role as a negative regulator in antagonizing ATO-induced @entity994 expression and resultant apoptosis. Suppression of these antagonistic effects might be a promising therapeutic strategy toward improving clinical efficacy of ATO.

title: XXXX transcriptionally induced by @entity584 / @entity16389 is a negative regulator that antagonizes arsenic trioxide-induced @entity5 cell apoptosis.

answer: @entity25687 :: (7050,Gene) :: ['TG-interacting factor']


abstract: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a multi-target drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity2799 . In addition, several clinical trials are being conducted with arsenic-based drugs for the treatment of other @entity1583 and @entity5 . However, ATO's modest clinical efficacy on some @entity5 , and potential toxic effects on @entity1 have been reported. Determining how best to reduce these adverse effects while increasing its therapeutic efficacy is obviously a critical issue. Previously, we demonstrated that the @entity4675 -induced complex formation of phosphorylated @entity1178 and @entity25687 ( @entity25687 ) antagonizes ERK-induced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity994 ( @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 )) expression and resultant apoptosis in response to ATO in A431 cells. Surprisingly, at low-concentrations (0.1-0.2  M), ATO increased cellular proliferation, @entity4222 and invasion, involving @entity25687 expression, however, at high-concentrations (5-20  M), ATO induced cell apoptosis. Using a promoter analysis, @entity25687 was transcriptionally regulated by ATO at the @entity16389 binding site (-1486 to -1479bp) via the @entity7242 / @entity470 / @entity584 pathway. Stable overexpression of @entity25687 promoted advancing the cell cycle into the S phase, and attenuated 20  M ATO-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, blockage of the @entity584 pathway enhanced ATO-induced @entity994 expression and resultant apoptosis in @entity5 cells, but overexpression of @entity584 inhibited @entity994 expression. Therefore, we suggest that @entity25687 is transcriptionally regulated by the @entity7242 / @entity470 / @entity584 pathway, which plays a role as a negative regulator in antagonizing ATO-induced @entity994 expression and resultant apoptosis. Suppression of these antagonistic effects might be a promising therapeutic strategy toward improving clinical efficacy of ATO.

title: @entity25687 transcriptionally induced by @entity584 / @entity16389 is a negative regulator that antagonizes arsenic trioxide-induced XXXX cell apoptosis.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a multi-target drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity2799 . In addition, several clinical trials are being conducted with arsenic-based drugs for the treatment of other @entity1583 and @entity5 . However, ATO's modest clinical efficacy on some @entity5 , and potential toxic effects on @entity1 have been reported. Determining how best to reduce these adverse effects while increasing its therapeutic efficacy is obviously a critical issue. Previously, we demonstrated that the @entity4675 -induced complex formation of phosphorylated @entity1178 and @entity25687 ( @entity25687 ) antagonizes ERK-induced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity994 ( @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 )) expression and resultant apoptosis in response to ATO in A431 cells. Surprisingly, at low-concentrations (0.1-0.2  M), ATO increased cellular proliferation, @entity4222 and invasion, involving @entity25687 expression, however, at high-concentrations (5-20  M), ATO induced cell apoptosis. Using a promoter analysis, @entity25687 was transcriptionally regulated by ATO at the @entity16389 binding site (-1486 to -1479bp) via the @entity7242 / @entity470 / @entity584 pathway. Stable overexpression of @entity25687 promoted advancing the cell cycle into the S phase, and attenuated 20  M ATO-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, blockage of the @entity584 pathway enhanced ATO-induced @entity994 expression and resultant apoptosis in @entity5 cells, but overexpression of @entity584 inhibited @entity994 expression. Therefore, we suggest that @entity25687 is transcriptionally regulated by the @entity7242 / @entity470 / @entity584 pathway, which plays a role as a negative regulator in antagonizing ATO-induced @entity994 expression and resultant apoptosis. Suppression of these antagonistic effects might be a promising therapeutic strategy toward improving clinical efficacy of ATO.

title: @entity25687 transcriptionally induced by XXXX / @entity16389 is a negative regulator that antagonizes arsenic trioxide-induced @entity5 cell apoptosis.

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['AKT']


abstract: A retrospective study of 310 @entity1 with @entity189 of the head of the pancreas or periampullary region was performed. Preoperative bile drainage by placement of a stent reduced the number of @entity260 , especially @entity548 (P = 0.03). The operative mortality rate was nil in @entity1 with @entity5 aged under 70 years and 23 per cent in those over 70 years of age (P < 0.001). In the last 2 years of the study, the mortality rate following resection decreased to 2 per cent. @entity5 -containing resection margins did not influence survival after resection (P = 0.48). @entity5 dimension of @entity788 and the presence of @entity5 in locoregional lymph nodes (N1a) resected with the primary @entity5 in @entity135 were of no prognostic value. Following palliative resection of @entity189 of the pancreatic head, median survival was significantly better than when no resection was performed (10.1 versus 3.9 months, P < 0.001). In conclusion, even palliative resection may benefit some @entity1 . Preoperative bile drainage is indicated in those with @entity1087 . Resection should be performed, irrespective of @entity5 size, provided that the unit's operative mortality rate is sufficiently low.

title: XXXX and periampullary region: palliation versus cure.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the head of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and periampullary cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['periampullary cancer', 'Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in older @entity1 . However, the histologic prevalence far exceeds clinically manifest disease. Increased screening has resulted in the detection of a large number of @entity189 of unknown malignant potential. The authors investigated @entity5 angiogenesis to predict pathologic stage in @entity263 . Angiogenesis in @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ), a putative @entity75 , also was investigated. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to highlight the @entity5 vasculature. Vessels were quantified using computerized image analysis. A minimum of five randomly selected microscopic fields were measured from each @entity5 . To investigate @entity5436 , the authors measured vessels per millimeter of gland perimeter, compared with benign glands in the same @entity1 . RESULTS: Vessel density (vessels per millimeter squared [vv/mm2]) correlated with pathologic stage. The mean vessel density of organ-confined @entity5 was 80.2 vv/mm2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.4-91.0), compared with 110.4 vv/mm2 (95% CI, 97.9-122.8) for @entity5 with capsular penetration or positive lymph nodes. Logistic regression analysis and modeling showed vessel density superior to histologic grade and preoperative @entity1486 level in distinguishing organ-confined @entity5 from those having extracapsular extension or pelvic lymph node @entity3 . @entity5436 in acini and ductules had increased microvascularity relative to benign epithelium in 18 of 25 @entity5 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2295 has been demonstrated to be a prerequisite for @entity5 progression. These data demonstrate that microvessel density in @entity263 is an independent predictor of pathologic stage and, presumably, malignant potential. Quantification of @entity5 angiogenesis may allow stratification of @entity1 to type of treatment and may allow selection of expectant management for @entity1 with low @entity5 microvessel density.

title: Predictors of pathologic stage in @entity263 . The role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'prostatic tumors', 'Prostate adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesion']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['Neovascularity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'PIN']

answer: @entity2295 :: (MESH:D015861,Disease) :: ['neovascularity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in older @entity1 . However, the histologic prevalence far exceeds clinically manifest disease. Increased screening has resulted in the detection of a large number of @entity189 of unknown malignant potential. The authors investigated @entity5 angiogenesis to predict pathologic stage in @entity263 . Angiogenesis in @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ), a putative @entity75 , also was investigated. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to highlight the @entity5 vasculature. Vessels were quantified using computerized image analysis. A minimum of five randomly selected microscopic fields were measured from each @entity5 . To investigate @entity5436 , the authors measured vessels per millimeter of gland perimeter, compared with benign glands in the same @entity1 . RESULTS: Vessel density (vessels per millimeter squared [vv/mm2]) correlated with pathologic stage. The mean vessel density of organ-confined @entity5 was 80.2 vv/mm2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.4-91.0), compared with 110.4 vv/mm2 (95% CI, 97.9-122.8) for @entity5 with capsular penetration or positive lymph nodes. Logistic regression analysis and modeling showed vessel density superior to histologic grade and preoperative @entity1486 level in distinguishing organ-confined @entity5 from those having extracapsular extension or pelvic lymph node @entity3 . @entity5436 in acini and ductules had increased microvascularity relative to benign epithelium in 18 of 25 @entity5 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2295 has been demonstrated to be a prerequisite for @entity5 progression. These data demonstrate that microvessel density in @entity263 is an independent predictor of pathologic stage and, presumably, malignant potential. Quantification of @entity5 angiogenesis may allow stratification of @entity1 to type of treatment and may allow selection of expectant management for @entity1 with low @entity5 microvessel density.

title: Predictors of pathologic stage in XXXX . The role of @entity2295 .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: INTRODUCTION Bioptic endoscopic techniques are useful in the diagnosis of @entity370 . There is need for randomized trials to establish proper place for this procedures in the diagnosis of @entity370 . OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic yield of conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) vs endobronchial (EBUS-TBNA) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in stage I/II of @entity10070 . @entity1 AND METHODS  In @entity1 suspected of @entity370 an open-label randomized study TBNA or EBUS-TBNA or EUS-FNA were performed. Negative TBNA and EBUS-TBNA @entity1 underwent EUS-FNA, negative EUS-FNA @entity1 underwent EBUS-TBNA. If both were negative, @entity1 in stage I were scheduled for mediastinoscopy (MS) and in stage II for transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB). RESULTS  In 100 @entity1 34 TBNA, 30 EBUS-TBNA and 36 EUS-FNA were performed primarily. TBNA was positive in 20 (58.8%), EBUS-TBNA in 23 (76.7%) and EUS-FNA in 31 (86.1%) @entity1 . For negative biopsy results a second procedure was performed. EUS-FNA was positive in 9 @entity1 and EBUS-TBNA in none. In 17 @entity1 negative for both methods MS was performed in 6 and was positive in 2 of them. In remaining 11 @entity1 TBLB was positive. Sensitivity and accuracy of TBNA vs EBUS-TBNA vs EUS-FNA were 62.5%, 64.7% vs 79.3%, 80% vs 88.6%, 88.9%, respectively. Sensitivity and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA were higher (P = 0.139) and EUS-FNA significantly higher comparing with TBNA (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS  In stage I /II of @entity10070 endoechosonography is a reasonable approach but EUS-FNA seems to be the method of choice.

title: A comparison of conventional transbronchial vs endobronchial, endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle aspiration in the diagnosis of XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity10070 :: (MESH:D017565,Disease) :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']


abstract: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are integral components of the host innate immune system and functional throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. AMPs are short cationic molecules and lethal against a wide range of bacteria, viruses, fungi, @entity375 and protozoa due to their membranolytic effects on the negatively-charged microbial membranes. In addition, they exert multiple immunomodulatory roles like chemotaxis, modulation of cytokine and chemokine expression, leukocyte activation etc. Since AMPs suffer loss of microbicidal properties under serum and tissue environments, their capacity to modulate the immune system may predominates under the physiological conditions. Discovery of new antibiotics is lagging far behind the rapidly spreading drug resistance among the microorganisms. Both natural and synthetic AMPs have shown promise as 'next generation antibiotics' due to their unique mode of action, which minimises the chance of development of microbial resistance. In addition, they have therapeutic potential against @entity32 and @entity5 . Many of the synthetic AMPs are currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of debilitating diseases, such as @entity1212 , @entity4760 , chemotherapy-associated @entity281 etc. Some of them have already entered the market as topical preparations. In this review, we synopsise the current literature of natural and synthetic AMPs in different infectious and inflammatory diseases of @entity1 microfloral habitats, especially the gastrointestinal, respiratory and genitourinary tracts and the skin. We also discuss the classification of AMPs, their mode action and antimicrobial spectrum, including the pathogen evasion mechanisms. In short, we tried to present the locus standi of AMPs in relation to @entity1 diseases and highlight the most promising synthetic peptides emerging from the clinical trials. Finally, we focused on the limitations and hurdles in terms of cost of production, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic stability and @entity137 faced by commercial development and clinical use of the AMPs and strategies to overcome these hurdles.

title: Mammalian Antimicrobial Peptides: Promising Therapeutic Targets Against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['non-infectious diseases like chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related infections']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Infection and Chronic Inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) and fasting C-peptide level can assess beta-cell function in clinical practice. In the present study, the use of the UCPCR and fasting C-peptide levels was investigated in the differential diagnosis between maturity-onset @entity6 (T1DM). METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with genetically confirmed @entity2175 by next-generation sequence analysis and 42 @entity1 with T1DM were included. C-peptide levels were measured after an overnight fast before breakfast, and urine samples were collected 2 h after a standard lunch in the hospital. RESULTS: The UCPCR in the T1DM group was 0.17    0.5 nmol/mmol, and in the @entity2175 group it was 1.27    1.03 nmol/mmol (p = 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed excellent discrimination (area under the curve 0.93). A UCPCR >= 0.22 nmol/mmol yielded a 96.3% sensitivity and an 85.7% specificity. The fasting C-peptide level in the T1DM group was lower than that in the @entity2175 group (p = 0.001). The fasting C-peptide cutoff determined by ROC curve analysis was 0.62 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 90% for discriminating between @entity2175 and T1DM. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that the UCPCR and fasting C-peptide levels in @entity1 and adolescents can distinguish @entity1 with @entity2175 from @entity1 with T1DM with high specificity and sensitivity. A value of UCPCR >= 0.22 nmol/mmol may indicate further genetic testing for @entity2175 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Urinary C-Peptide/Creatinine Ratio Can Distinguish Maturity-Onset XXXX in @entity1 and Adolescents: A Single-Center Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes of the young (MODY) and type 1 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes of the Young from Type 1 Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) and fasting C-peptide level can assess beta-cell function in clinical practice. In the present study, the use of the UCPCR and fasting C-peptide levels was investigated in the differential diagnosis between maturity-onset @entity6 (T1DM). METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with genetically confirmed @entity2175 by next-generation sequence analysis and 42 @entity1 with T1DM were included. C-peptide levels were measured after an overnight fast before breakfast, and urine samples were collected 2 h after a standard lunch in the hospital. RESULTS: The UCPCR in the T1DM group was 0.17    0.5 nmol/mmol, and in the @entity2175 group it was 1.27    1.03 nmol/mmol (p = 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed excellent discrimination (area under the curve 0.93). A UCPCR >= 0.22 nmol/mmol yielded a 96.3% sensitivity and an 85.7% specificity. The fasting C-peptide level in the T1DM group was lower than that in the @entity2175 group (p = 0.001). The fasting C-peptide cutoff determined by ROC curve analysis was 0.62 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 90% for discriminating between @entity2175 and T1DM. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that the UCPCR and fasting C-peptide levels in @entity1 and adolescents can distinguish @entity1 with @entity2175 from @entity1 with T1DM with high specificity and sensitivity. A value of UCPCR >= 0.22 nmol/mmol may indicate further genetic testing for @entity2175 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Urinary C-Peptide/Creatinine Ratio Can Distinguish Maturity-Onset @entity6 in XXXX and Adolescents: A Single-Center Experience.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Penile corporoplasty is a well-established treatment method of @entity546 ( @entity546 ). Anatomical results are good with only slight differences between surgical procedures used. The disease however has huge influence on young male quality of life. This issue is not well analyzed in the literature. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate quality of life of the @entity1 affected with @entity546 before and after the surgical treatment METHODS: Study population consisted of 107 @entity1 with @entity546 referred for surgical management. @entity1 were evaluated with not only clinical assessment, but also by four questionnaires measuring various aspects of quality of life. They were: Short-Form Medical Outcomes, Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire for @entity1 , Beck @entity308 Inventory, and International Index of Erectile Function. RESULTS: Quality of life measurements showed deep decrease in the general quality of life, sexual performance, @entity308 scale, as well as in physical and mental health in @entity1 with @entity546 . All these parameters were restored to normal after the successful surgical treatment with any method. CONCLUSION: @entity546 deeply decreases the quality of life of the affected @entity1 in many aspects. Surgical treatment is able to repair the @entity85 and as well as significantly restore the @entity1 ' psychosocial well-being.

title: Evaluation of the Treatment of XXXX Including Psychosexual Assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Man']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['anatomical deformity']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['CPD', 'congenital penile deviation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['Congenital Penile Curvature']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: About one out of two @entity1 with @entity1375 has to increase the dosage of exogenous @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) during pregnancy. Considering the detrimental impact of IVF on thyroid function, it has been claimed but not demonstrated that @entity2016 dose adjustment may be more significant in @entity1375 @entity1 who become pregnant after IVF. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Hypothyroid-treated @entity1 who achieved a live birth through IVF were reviewed. @entity1 could be included if thyroid function was well compensated with @entity2016 before the IVF cycle (i.e., serum TSH <2.5 mIU/l and serum free T4 within the normal range). Serum TSH and dose adjustment were evaluated at five time points during pregnancy. The trimester ranges for serum TSH considered as reference to adjust @entity2016 therapy were 0.1-2.5 mIU/l for the first trimester, 0.2-3.0 mIU/l for the second trimester, and 0.3-3.0 mIU/l for the third trimester. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 were selected. During the whole pregnancy 32 @entity1 (84%; 95% CI: 72-96%) required an increase in the dose of @entity2016 . In most cases (n=28), this occured within the first 5-7 weeks of gestation (74%, 95% CI: 58-85%). At 5-7 weeks of gestation, the median (interquartile range) increase of @entity2016 dose for the whole cohort was 26% (0-50%). At 30-32 weeks, it was 33% (14-68%). In order to identify predictive factors of dose adjustment, we compared @entity1 who did (n=28) and did not (n=10) adjust @entity2016 dosage at 5-7 weeks' gestation. Significant differences emerged for thyroid autoimmunity prevalence and for the distribution of @entity1375 aetiology. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of @entity1375 -treated @entity1 who achieve pregnancy through IVF need an increase in the @entity2016 dose during gestation. This requirement tends to occur very early during gestation.

title: @entity1955 dose adjustment in XXXX @entity1 achieving pregnancy through IVF.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: About one out of two @entity1 with @entity1375 has to increase the dosage of exogenous @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) during pregnancy. Considering the detrimental impact of IVF on thyroid function, it has been claimed but not demonstrated that @entity2016 dose adjustment may be more significant in @entity1375 @entity1 who become pregnant after IVF. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Hypothyroid-treated @entity1 who achieved a live birth through IVF were reviewed. @entity1 could be included if thyroid function was well compensated with @entity2016 before the IVF cycle (i.e., serum TSH <2.5 mIU/l and serum free T4 within the normal range). Serum TSH and dose adjustment were evaluated at five time points during pregnancy. The trimester ranges for serum TSH considered as reference to adjust @entity2016 therapy were 0.1-2.5 mIU/l for the first trimester, 0.2-3.0 mIU/l for the second trimester, and 0.3-3.0 mIU/l for the third trimester. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 were selected. During the whole pregnancy 32 @entity1 (84%; 95% CI: 72-96%) required an increase in the dose of @entity2016 . In most cases (n=28), this occured within the first 5-7 weeks of gestation (74%, 95% CI: 58-85%). At 5-7 weeks of gestation, the median (interquartile range) increase of @entity2016 dose for the whole cohort was 26% (0-50%). At 30-32 weeks, it was 33% (14-68%). In order to identify predictive factors of dose adjustment, we compared @entity1 who did (n=28) and did not (n=10) adjust @entity2016 dosage at 5-7 weeks' gestation. Significant differences emerged for thyroid autoimmunity prevalence and for the distribution of @entity1375 aetiology. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of @entity1375 -treated @entity1 who achieve pregnancy through IVF need an increase in the @entity2016 dose during gestation. This requirement tends to occur very early during gestation.

title: XXXX dose adjustment in @entity1375 @entity1 achieving pregnancy through IVF.

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['Levothyroxine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: About one out of two @entity1 with @entity1375 has to increase the dosage of exogenous @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) during pregnancy. Considering the detrimental impact of IVF on thyroid function, it has been claimed but not demonstrated that @entity2016 dose adjustment may be more significant in @entity1375 @entity1 who become pregnant after IVF. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Hypothyroid-treated @entity1 who achieved a live birth through IVF were reviewed. @entity1 could be included if thyroid function was well compensated with @entity2016 before the IVF cycle (i.e., serum TSH <2.5 mIU/l and serum free T4 within the normal range). Serum TSH and dose adjustment were evaluated at five time points during pregnancy. The trimester ranges for serum TSH considered as reference to adjust @entity2016 therapy were 0.1-2.5 mIU/l for the first trimester, 0.2-3.0 mIU/l for the second trimester, and 0.3-3.0 mIU/l for the third trimester. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 were selected. During the whole pregnancy 32 @entity1 (84%; 95% CI: 72-96%) required an increase in the dose of @entity2016 . In most cases (n=28), this occured within the first 5-7 weeks of gestation (74%, 95% CI: 58-85%). At 5-7 weeks of gestation, the median (interquartile range) increase of @entity2016 dose for the whole cohort was 26% (0-50%). At 30-32 weeks, it was 33% (14-68%). In order to identify predictive factors of dose adjustment, we compared @entity1 who did (n=28) and did not (n=10) adjust @entity2016 dosage at 5-7 weeks' gestation. Significant differences emerged for thyroid autoimmunity prevalence and for the distribution of @entity1375 aetiology. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of @entity1375 -treated @entity1 who achieve pregnancy through IVF need an increase in the @entity2016 dose during gestation. This requirement tends to occur very early during gestation.

title: @entity1955 dose adjustment in @entity1375 XXXX achieving pregnancy through IVF.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: This study determined the number of endothelial gaps in venules of the @entity35 @entity825 and related these values to the amount of plasma extravasation after an inflammatory stimulus ( @entity13624 ). From 1 to 30 min after the stimulus, vessels were fixed by vascular perfusion, and endothelial cell borders were stained with @entity7292 , which made it possible to quantify the number and distribution of endothelial gaps. It also was possible to quantify the leukocyte attachment sites, to measure the size, shape, and number of endothelial cells, and to delineate the architecture of the tracheal vasculature. Sites of increased vascular permeability were localized with Monastral blue B, india ink, or fluorescent microspheres. After the stimulus, the @entity575 lines around endothelial cells of postcapillary venules and collecting venules were interrupted by stereotyped @entity575 dots (diam, 1.4 +/- 0.03 microns; +/- SE), which were found by electron microscopy to be @entity575 deposits at endothelial gaps. The dots were most abundant in the smallest postcapillary venules (diam, 7-20 microns) where Monastral blue extravasation was greatest. The number of @entity575 dots (14.4 +/- 0.7 dots/endothelial cell) and the amount of extravasation were maximal 1 min after the stimulus. However, the dots disappeared more slowly (half-life, 3.2 min) than did the extravasation (half-life, 1.3 min). In addition to the @entity575 dots, 64% of the sites at which leukocytes were attached to the endothelium were stained with @entity575 . These sites were marked by @entity575 rings (diam, 3.4 +/- 0.2 microns) and were most numerous in the largest postcapillary venules (diam, 20-40 microns). Most (95%) of the @entity575 rings were located at intercellular junctions but usually were not sites of Monastral blue extravasation. The results indicate that endothelial gaps at intercellular junctions are focal openings, which occupy < 3% of the luminal surface and are distinct from sites of leukocyte attachment. The reduction in Monastral blue extravasation that precedes the closure of the gaps could result from a decrease in the driving force for the convective movement of the tracer or from a decrease in the conductance of the gaps, perhaps due to the accumulation of sievelike substances within the gaps.

title: Endothelial gaps and permeability of venules in XXXX tracheas exposed to inflammatory stimuli.

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abnormal motor cortex activity is common in @entity3519 . Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation may alter cortical activity by decreasing excitability while anodal stimulation may increase motor learning. Previous results showed that a single session of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation can improve symptoms in childhood @entity3519 . Here we performed a 5-day, sham-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, where we measured tracking and muscle overflow in a myocontrol-based task. We applied cathodal and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (2 mA, 9 minutes per day). For cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (7 @entity1 ), 3 subjects showed improvements whereas 2 showed worsening in overflow or tracking error. The effect size was small (about 1% of maximum @entity2472 ) and not clinically meaningful. For anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (6 @entity1 ), none showed improvement, whereas 5 showed worsening. Thus, multiday cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation reduced symptoms in some @entity1 but not to a clinically meaningful extent, whereas anodal transcranial direct current stimulation worsened symptoms. Our results do not support transcranial direct current stimulation as clinically viable for treating childhood @entity3519 .

title: Multiday Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Causes Clinically Insignificant Changes in Childhood XXXX : A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['Dystonia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity439 present a challenge to cerebrovascular surgeons on many fronts. These lesions have significant mass effect on surrounding tissues and are often partially thrombosed with thickened or calcified walls; these difficulties are amplified in cases of @entity510 . The treatment of these lesions often requires debulking or resection of the @entity439 with or without trapping and bypassing the @entity439 segment. The case presented is of a @entity1 with a @entity438 presenting with @entity410 . The treatment of this giant @entity439 involves dissection, opening and internal evacuation including the use of ultrasonic aspiration, resection, and clipping. The @entity1 was given @entity117 preoperatively in preparation for possible superficial temporal artery-MCA or saphenous vein bypass if clipping was not possible. Vessel patency was evaluated using intraoperative Doppler and @entity3194 angiography. Intraoperative somatosensory and motor evoked potential monitoring is performed in all cases. Postoperatively, the @entity1 was neurologically intact. At 1 year his modified Rankin Scale is 1, with his only symptom being intermittent @entity10 . The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/8dimNdiIObE .

title: Left pterional craniotomy for thrombectomy and clipping of ruptured left XXXX .

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Giant aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured giant left middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['MCA giant aneurysm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A major component of increased mortality risk in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is associated with non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors including markers of @entity32 . We studied whether a novel marker of systemic @entity32 , elevated serum combined polyclonal immunoglobulin free light chains (cFLC), was an independent risk factor for increased all-cause mortality in @entity1 with @entity740 stage 3. In a prospective community based cohort study, 1695 @entity1 with stage 3 @entity740 and no cases of @entity1581 had cFLC concentrations measured. cFLC levels were determined using the summation of Freelite kappa and lambda assays. All other bioclinical variables were collected at the time of sample collection. Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to assess the relationship between high cFLC levels (>43.3 mg/L) and mortality. There were 167 deaths (10%) after a median of 1375 days. cFLC levels at recruitment were higher in @entity1 who died compared with those who were alive at the end of the study; median: 46.5 mg/L (IQR: 36.1-65.4 mg/L) and 35.4 mg/L (28.1-46.6 mg/L) respectively, P <0.001. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated @entity1 with cFLC >43.3 mg/L levels had an increased risk of mortality compared to @entity1 with normal cFLC levels (P <0.001). Elevated cFLC levels were independently associated with worse survival (Hazard ratio: 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.04-2.16; P=0.03). Other independent risk factors for worse survival were: older age, male gender, previous cardiovascular event, lower @entity470 and higher high sensitivity @entity1851 (hsCRP). To conclude, high cFLC levels predict increased mortality in @entity1 with stage 3 @entity740 , independent of established risk factors and other markers of @entity32 .

title: The Association between Polyclonal Combined Serum Free Light Chain Concentration and Mortality in Individuals with Early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The construct of subjective @entity25 is poorly understood. One widely used measure of subjective @entity25 is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The role of @entity146 in the association between the PSQI and a prospective, sleep diary-derived @entity25 measure (SDSQ) was investigated plus the degree to which the PSQI may reflect mood states. METHOD: A sample of 211 @entity22 @entity1 (International Classification of @entity25 , Second Edition) divided by the presence or absence of a comorbid @entity146 (DSM-IV-TR) and recruited between January 2004 and February 2009, completed the PSQI (primary outcome) and 2 weeks of sleep diary monitoring. First, correlations between PSQI and SDSQ were compared; second, regression analyses were used to investigate whether the association between PSQI and SDSQ depends on diagnostic status; third, the differences in @entity25 between the groups, plus the contribution of @entity148 and @entity308 in explaining these differences, were explored. RESULTS: The correlation between PSQI and SDSQ was significant only in the nonpsychiatric group (P < .001). The association between PSQI and SDSQ was moderated by diagnostic status: it was weaker in @entity146 @entity1 (P = .047). @entity1 with @entity146 comorbidity scored significantly higher on the PSQI than those without (P < .001); this difference disappeared after controlling for @entity148 . There were no group differences for the SDSQ. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that (1) @entity146 @entity1 may be more biased in their retrospective @entity25 ratings, and (2) the PSQI total score may reflect sleep-related distress. The use of a prospective sleep diary measure in @entity1 with a @entity146 is recommended.

title: Exploring the construct of subjective XXXX in @entity1 with @entity22 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality', 'Sleep Disorders']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep quality']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The construct of subjective @entity25 is poorly understood. One widely used measure of subjective @entity25 is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The role of @entity146 in the association between the PSQI and a prospective, sleep diary-derived @entity25 measure (SDSQ) was investigated plus the degree to which the PSQI may reflect mood states. METHOD: A sample of 211 @entity22 @entity1 (International Classification of @entity25 , Second Edition) divided by the presence or absence of a comorbid @entity146 (DSM-IV-TR) and recruited between January 2004 and February 2009, completed the PSQI (primary outcome) and 2 weeks of sleep diary monitoring. First, correlations between PSQI and SDSQ were compared; second, regression analyses were used to investigate whether the association between PSQI and SDSQ depends on diagnostic status; third, the differences in @entity25 between the groups, plus the contribution of @entity148 and @entity308 in explaining these differences, were explored. RESULTS: The correlation between PSQI and SDSQ was significant only in the nonpsychiatric group (P < .001). The association between PSQI and SDSQ was moderated by diagnostic status: it was weaker in @entity146 @entity1 (P = .047). @entity1 with @entity146 comorbidity scored significantly higher on the PSQI than those without (P < .001); this difference disappeared after controlling for @entity148 . There were no group differences for the SDSQ. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that (1) @entity146 @entity1 may be more biased in their retrospective @entity25 ratings, and (2) the PSQI total score may reflect sleep-related distress. The use of a prospective sleep diary measure in @entity1 with a @entity146 is recommended.

title: Exploring the construct of subjective @entity25 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The construct of subjective @entity25 is poorly understood. One widely used measure of subjective @entity25 is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The role of @entity146 in the association between the PSQI and a prospective, sleep diary-derived @entity25 measure (SDSQ) was investigated plus the degree to which the PSQI may reflect mood states. METHOD: A sample of 211 @entity22 @entity1 (International Classification of @entity25 , Second Edition) divided by the presence or absence of a comorbid @entity146 (DSM-IV-TR) and recruited between January 2004 and February 2009, completed the PSQI (primary outcome) and 2 weeks of sleep diary monitoring. First, correlations between PSQI and SDSQ were compared; second, regression analyses were used to investigate whether the association between PSQI and SDSQ depends on diagnostic status; third, the differences in @entity25 between the groups, plus the contribution of @entity148 and @entity308 in explaining these differences, were explored. RESULTS: The correlation between PSQI and SDSQ was significant only in the nonpsychiatric group (P < .001). The association between PSQI and SDSQ was moderated by diagnostic status: it was weaker in @entity146 @entity1 (P = .047). @entity1 with @entity146 comorbidity scored significantly higher on the PSQI than those without (P < .001); this difference disappeared after controlling for @entity148 . There were no group differences for the SDSQ. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that (1) @entity146 @entity1 may be more biased in their retrospective @entity25 ratings, and (2) the PSQI total score may reflect sleep-related distress. The use of a prospective sleep diary measure in @entity1 with a @entity146 is recommended.

title: Exploring the construct of subjective @entity25 in XXXX with @entity22 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Embryonic, @entity1 spinal ganglion explants were plated at 5-12 weeks postconceptional age and cultured for 5-50 days on a semisynthetic substrate in a serum-containing culture medium without addition of antibiotics or preconditioned medium. The growth pattern in vitro was found to be age dependent. Five- to 6-week ganglia showed a characteristic semicircular growth pattern with bidirectional extension of neurites on top of a monolayer of supportive cells. Explanted 9- to 10-week ganglia showed an extensive, multidirectional neurite outgrowth with less pronounced proliferation of nonneuronal cells. Neurite extension, @entity2901 , cell migration and morphology were studied immunohistochemically with antibodies to neurofilament (NF), @entity2281 , and the @entity5399 glycoprotein. Both NF and @entity2281 were expressed at 5 weeks gestational age in ganglionic neurons and in proliferating Schwann cells in contact with axonal processes, respectively. NF was homogeneously distributed in both cell somata and neurites, whereas @entity2281 immunoreactivity showed an intense nuclear and a weaker cytoplasmic distribution in spindle-shaped, bipolar Schwann cells. This staining pattern was conserved during differentiation in long-term culture. @entity5399 was expressed on ganglionic neurites forming fascicles by the third week in culture. However, @entity5399 was never expressed until the total age of 10 weeks. In addition, @entity5399 was found on fibroblasts from the first week in culture. The distribution of @entity5399 on the cytoplasmic membrane was similar in both cell types, showing a coarsely granulated membrane staining. The temporal as well as the spatial expression of differentiation antigens in tissue sections of early embryonic spinal cord and spinal ganglia were very similar to what was observed in vitro.

title: Morphology and growth of embryonic, XXXX dorsal root ganglion explants in long-term culture: expression of cell type-specific markers during early differentiation.

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Since blood bags have the ability for diffusion of gases, we investigated whether hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) exposure affects several vital parameters of stored blood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bloods obtained from the same @entity1 were used as both control and HBO groups and stored in pediatric bags with @entity1792 - @entity1391 - @entity413 solution. HBO administration was performed at 2.5 atm for 90 min, started 1 day after blood collection and repeated every 2 days for a total of 10 times. The study was terminated on the 21st day. Complete blood count, @entity413 , pH, and osmotic fragility values were measured every week. RESULTS: @entity413 and pH levels decreased in stored blood. In the HBO-exposed group, these decreases were less than in the control. In addition, mean corpuscular and platelet volumes tended to increase during storing process, but with HBO, these indexes remained lower, near physiologic levels. Another interesting finding of the study was the relative stable osmotic fragility ratio in the HBO group compared to the control blood. CONCLUSION: HBO exposure has positive effects on pH, stability of erythrocytes, and energy source ( @entity413 ) of the medium. Thus, we concluded that HBO may be a useful application for life and quality of stored blood.

title: A new utilization area for hyperbaric XXXX ? Improving quality of stored blood.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'dextrose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity339 ( @entity339 ) is a common disorder for which mitral valve surgery is an established therapy. Although surgical indications are clearly defined for the management of @entity340 , a gap exists between current guidelines and their effective application. The study aim was to provide an insight into the diagnostic information provided for cardiac surgeons before performing mitral valve surgery. METHODS: The source documents and echocardiographic studies of 100 @entity1 , referred by nine hospitals, were screened for arguments for @entity339 severity justifying referral for surgery. Details of the documented @entity339 mechanism, mitral annulus (MA) size, @entity997 ( @entity997 ) severity and annulus size were also noted. RESULTS: According to the referring physician, @entity339 was severe in 83% and moderate-to-severe in 17%. In the great majority of @entity1 (98%) the @entity339 mechanism was mentioned, although specific information on the prolapsing scallops was available in only 17% of cases. The recommended primary determinants of @entity339 severity, vena contracta and proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) were measured in only 22% and 31% of @entity1 , respectively. In 94% of @entity1 with available PISA information this was described only qualitatively. Correct image expansion using the zoom mode was performed in only 25% of these @entity1 , and a correct adaptation of the Nyquist limit in only 6%. Tricuspid annulus measurements guiding the need for concomitant tricuspid valvuloplasty in @entity1 with less than severe @entity997 were reported in only 6% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate a clear and important gap between current guidelines and real-world practice with regards to the echocardiographic diagnostic information provided to the surgeon before performing mitral valve surgery.

title: Real-world echocardiography in XXXX referred for mitral valve surgery: the gap between guidelines and clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral regurgitation', 'MR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the CACS and CAD severity assessed by MDCT in neuropathic type-2 @entity6 @entity1 with and without @entity746 ( @entity746 ). METHODS: Thirty-four @entity746 asymptomatic- @entity1 and 36 asymptomatic- @entity1 with @entity3949 ( @entity3949 ) without @entity746 underwent MDCT to assess CACS and severity of CAD. @entity1 were classified as positive for significant CAD in presence of at least one @entity850 >50 % on MDCT-coronary-angiography (MDCT-CA). Groups were matched for age, sex and traditional CAD risk-factors. The coronary-angiography (CA) was performed in all @entity1 with at least a significant @entity850 detected by MDCT-CA, both as reference and eventually as treatment. RESULTS: @entity746 @entity1 showed higher rates of significant CAD in comparison with @entity3949 subjects [p   <   0.001], while non-significant differences were observed in CACS (p   =   0.980). No significant differences were also observed in CACS distribution in all subjects for @entity850 >= /<50 % (p   =   0.814), as well as in both groups (p   =   0.661 and 0.559, respectively). The MDCT-CA showed an overall diagnostic-accuracy for significant CAD of 87%. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that @entity746 - @entity1 have a higher prevalence of severe CAD in comparison with @entity3949 - @entity1 , while coronary plaques do not exhibit an increased amount of @entity460 . MDCT may be helpful to assess the CV risk in such asymptomatic type-2- @entity6 @entity1 with @entity4148 . KEY POINTS: Type 2- @entity6 - @entity1 with @entity746 result having more severe coronary artery plaque-burden. MDCT-CA may stratify the CV risk in type 2- @entity6 - @entity1 with @entity746 . Adequate diagnostic is mandatory for optimal management of type 2- @entity6 - @entity1 with @entity746 .

title: MDCT assessment of CAD in type-2 @entity6 subjects with XXXX : the role of Charcot neuro-arthropathy.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic-neuropathy', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic-neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['CN', 'Charcot-neuroarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the CACS and CAD severity assessed by MDCT in neuropathic type-2 @entity6 @entity1 with and without @entity746 ( @entity746 ). METHODS: Thirty-four @entity746 asymptomatic- @entity1 and 36 asymptomatic- @entity1 with @entity3949 ( @entity3949 ) without @entity746 underwent MDCT to assess CACS and severity of CAD. @entity1 were classified as positive for significant CAD in presence of at least one @entity850 >50 % on MDCT-coronary-angiography (MDCT-CA). Groups were matched for age, sex and traditional CAD risk-factors. The coronary-angiography (CA) was performed in all @entity1 with at least a significant @entity850 detected by MDCT-CA, both as reference and eventually as treatment. RESULTS: @entity746 @entity1 showed higher rates of significant CAD in comparison with @entity3949 subjects [p   <   0.001], while non-significant differences were observed in CACS (p   =   0.980). No significant differences were also observed in CACS distribution in all subjects for @entity850 >= /<50 % (p   =   0.814), as well as in both groups (p   =   0.661 and 0.559, respectively). The MDCT-CA showed an overall diagnostic-accuracy for significant CAD of 87%. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that @entity746 - @entity1 have a higher prevalence of severe CAD in comparison with @entity3949 - @entity1 , while coronary plaques do not exhibit an increased amount of @entity460 . MDCT may be helpful to assess the CV risk in such asymptomatic type-2- @entity6 @entity1 with @entity4148 . KEY POINTS: Type 2- @entity6 - @entity1 with @entity746 result having more severe coronary artery plaque-burden. MDCT-CA may stratify the CV risk in type 2- @entity6 - @entity1 with @entity746 . Adequate diagnostic is mandatory for optimal management of type 2- @entity6 - @entity1 with @entity746 .

title: MDCT assessment of CAD in type-2 XXXX subjects with @entity3949 : the role of Charcot neuro-arthropathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although recent studies suggest that measuring @entity729 ( @entity729 ) may be superior to  indirect atherosclerotic markers in predicting cardiac risk, there are limited data evaluating imaging-based biomarkers that directly quantify @entity731 in different vascular beds performed in a single cohort. OBJECTIVES: The BioImage Study (A Clinical Study of Burden of @entity731 in  an At-Risk Population) sought to identify imaging biomarkers that predict near-term (3-year) atherothrombotic events. METHODS: The BioImage Study enrolled 5,808 asymptomatic U.S. adults (mean age: 69 years, 56.5% female) in a prospective cohort evaluating the role of vascular imaging on cardiovascular risk prediction. All @entity1 were evaluated by @entity729 and novel 3-dimensional carotid ultrasound. Plaque areas from both carotid arteries were summed as the carotid plaque burden (cPB). The primary endpoint was the composite of major adverse @entity299 (MACE) ( @entity65 , @entity583 , and @entity385 ). A broader secondary MACE endpoint also included all-cause @entity204 , unstable @entity951 , and coronary revascularization. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 2.7 years, MACE occurred in 216 @entity1 (4.2%), of which 82 (1.5%) were primary events. After adjustment for risk  factors, and compared with individuals without any cPB, hazard ratios for MACE were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31 to 1.91), 1.45 (95% CI: 0.67 to 3.14), and 2.36 (95% CI: 1.13 to 4.92) with increasing cPB tertile, with similar results for @entity729 . Net  reclassification significantly improved with either cPB (0.23) or @entity729 (0.25). MACE rates increased simultaneously with higher levels of both cPB and @entity729 . CONCLUSIONS: Detection of subclinical carotid or @entity453 improves risk predictions and reclassification compared with conventional risk factors, with comparable results for either modality. Cost-effective analyses are warranted to define the optimal roles of these complementary techniques. (BioImage Study: A Clinical Study of Burden of  @entity731 in an At-Risk Population; NCT00738725).

title: Prevalence, Impact, and Predictive Value of  Detecting Subclinical Coronary and Carotid  XXXX in Asymptomatic Adults: The BioImage Study.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerotic Disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: Determination of contact areas in @entity2720 is necessary for understanding the state of stress within the articular cartilage layers and the supporting bony structures. The present study describes the use of a stereophotogrammetry (SPG) system [Huiskes et al., J. Biomechanics 18, 559-570 (1985) and Ateshian et al., J. Biomechanics 24, 761-776 (1991)] for determining contact areas in @entity2720 , using a surface proximity concept similar to the one used by Scherrer et al. [ASME J. biomech. Engng 101, 271-278 (1979)]. This method consists of evaluating the proximity of the articular surfaces to determine joint contact areas using precise geometric models of the joint surfaces obtained from the SPG system, and precise kinematic data, also obtained from SPG. In this study, the SPG method for determining contact areas is compared to other commonly used methods such as dye staining, silicone rubber casting and Fuji film contact measurement techniques which have been often used and reported by other investigators. The @entity291 glenohumeral joint and the @entity291 lateral tibiofemoral articulation (without the meniscus) were used to represent congruent and incongruent joints, respectively. While all the methods yielded consistent contact patterns for the incongruent tibiofemoral articulations, the results for the congruent @entity291 glenohumeral joints showed that the SPG and Fuji film methods were in better agreement than those obtained from the dye staining and @entity1346 rubber casting methods. The advantages of the new SPG method are that it can be used for intact joints, and used repeatedly and quickly thus making contact-area movement analyses possible [Soslowsky et al., J. orthop. Res. 10, 524-534 (1992)]. The results of this comparison study show that the SPG technique is a reliable and versatile method for determining contact areas in @entity2720 .

title: A stereophotogrammetric method for determining in situ contact areas in XXXX , and a comparison with other methods.

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['diarthrodial joints']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['diarthrodial joints']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep bruxism (SB) is a movement described as an involuntary mastication movement during sleep, also defined as @entity121 ( @entity121 ). It is observed in 2-40  % of the pediatric population. A link was suggested between respiratory events and @entity121 . Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) is an effective orthopedic treatment for correcting @entity3573 and @entity387 ( @entity387 ) in @entity1 . The aim was to evaluate the possible reduction of SB after rapid palatal expansion (RPE) therapy. METHODS: A total of 32 @entity1 (8-14  years old; 22 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ) received an orthodontic treatment for @entity3573 (5  mm or more) at the orthodontics department of the Universit   de Montr  al. They underwent an ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) before, after expansion with the expander, and at the end of the study without the expander. They were classified into three subgroups based on sleep electromyography (EMG) data. RESULTS: Total sleep time and stage NREM 3 presented significant differences between the types of appliances. Moreover, there was a time effect observed for total sleep time, sleep cycles, stage NREM 2, and stage REM, while only a trend suggested for stage NREM 3. Significant differences were observed between subgroups for both @entity121 episodes and burst indexes, similarly, for the @entity26 desaturation index (ODI). A total of 50  % of the @entity1 were classified as responders when @entity121 episodes index decreased by more than 25  % when comparing treatment efficacy at baseline night. CONCLUSION: Most bruxers (65  %) reduced their @entity121 episode index after expansion, but sleep and respiratory variables remained unchanged.

title: The effect of rapid palatal expansion on sleep bruxism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing', 'SDB']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3573 :: ('MESH:D008439', 'Disease') :: ['transverse maxillary deficiency', 'maxillary transverse deficiency']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['RMMA', 'rhythmic masticatory muscle activity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Major @entity130 (MVI) is a dangerous complication associated with laparoscopic surgery that leads, if not properly handled, to @entity190 , conversion to open surgery, and eventually death. In this paper, we describe the preliminary evaluation of the SimPORTAL MVI model, created with the goal of simulating an intra-corporeal injury to a large vessel. METHODS: For this study, we created MVI models for 17 residents (PGY 1-4). Each resident was asked to perform an intracorporeal knot on a penrose drain within a maximum time limit of 6  min (in accordance with European basic laparoscopic urological skills rules) and then to subsequently repair a @entity130 on the MVI model, which was perfused with synthetic blood, within a maximum @entity190 of 3  L. During the vessel repair, low lights and pulse sounds were used to simulate the operating room environment. All @entity1 filled out a survey pre- and post-task to score various aspects of the model. RESULTS: We successfully created a model that simulates a critical surgical event. None of the @entity1 reported having previous experience repairing a MVI. Six @entity1 were able to perform the intracorporeal knot, and 12 residents (70.5  %) were able to repair the MVI model under the given time and @entity190 limits. Eleven @entity1 agreed that the MVI model behaves like a real vessel, and six felt to be capable of performing the task prior to attempting it. Sixteen @entity1 thought that the MVI model should be part of laparoscopic curriculums during residency. CONCLUSIONS: The SimPORTAL MVI model is a feasible low-cost model that would be well appreciated as a part of laparoscopic curriculum for residents. Minor improvements, including pressure measurement in the vessel for task assessment, will be made in the future, and further studies are necessary to definitively validate this model.

title: Preliminary evaluation of the SimPORTAL major XXXX (MVI) repair model.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['vessel injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['vessel injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In cases of @entity7867 without any accompanying findings, some @entity1 locate their @entity7867 below the attachment of the lobule, at the apex of the jugulodigastric region. PURPOSE: To present a series of these @entity1 for whom nasal @entity230 or myringotomy usually ameliorated their @entity158 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with normal physical examinations, tympanograms, and age-appropriate audiograms spontaneously indicated @entity7867 at "the @entity7867 point." Inspection of the oropharynx and nasal airway, palpation of the neck and temporal mandibular joints, and nasopharyngoscopy/laryngoscopy ruled out referred causes of @entity7867 . @entity1 were offered either nasal @entity479 spray or trial myringotomy followed by tympanostomy tube. RESULTS: @entity7867 improved in all 10 (100%) @entity1 who selected nasal @entity230 . @entity7867 resolved in 17 of 20 (85%) myringotomy @entity1 . Three @entity1 declined intervention. In all, symptoms improved in 27/29 treated @entity1 (93%). CONCLUSION: This description of "the @entity7867 point" introduces a new otolaryngologic gesture in physical examination that can aid in the therapeutic management of some @entity1 with @entity7867 and normal examinations. This is an uncontrolled case series that serves as a pilot study for further exploration of this gesture.

title: The XXXX Point: A Novel Clinical Gesture in Otolaryngology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity7867 :: ('MESH:D004433', 'Disease') :: ['Otalgia', 'otalgia']

answer: @entity7867 :: (MESH:D004433,Disease) :: ['Otalgia']


abstract: Bone marrow and @entity137 , clastogenicity and aneugenicity were analyzed in the @entity2659 @entity19 using an antikinetochore antibody (AKA) procedure (Krishna et al., Mutation Res., 282, 159-169, 1992). Further, to verify the fluorescence micronucleus (MN) analysis, additional slides were stained with Wright's Giemsa and results were compared. 5 @entity19 per sex were treated with @entity786 (CP) (40 mg/kg) or @entity1891 (VC) (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg). Slides were prepared 24 h postdose using a column fractionation procedure. Per animal, 400 total erythrocytes (TEs) for @entity137 and 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) for MN per tissue were analyzed. In the fluorescent method, the clastogen, CP, produced MNPCEs predominantly devoid of kinetochores (K) and the aneugen, VC, produced mostly MNPCEs containing K. The MNPCE frequency did not differ significantly between tissues; however, it differed statistically between sexes. On an overall basis, spleen had significantly lower PCE to TE ratios compared to bone marrow. In general, CP and VC caused a small, but statistically significant decrease in PCE frequencies compared to controls, suggesting possible @entity137 to these tissues at the given doses. The data on Wright's stain indicated that the proportion of PCEs and MNPCEs in general, were comparable to those using fluorescent stain. This study further confirms the usefulness of an AKA-staining technique in a multiple genetic endpoint evaluation under a single set of microscopic conditions.

title: Comparative XXXX micronucleus evaluation in bone marrow and spleen using immunofluorescence and Wright's Giemsa.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'spleen toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Early-onset and late-onset @entity195 (EOAD and LOAD) are two forms of the disease with the same characteristic neuropathological hallmarks. However, higher burdens of @entity527 and @entity3072 in frontal and parietal lobes have been found in EOAD than in LOAD @entity1 . Thus, the EOAD subjects may have a differentiated clinical presentation compared to the LOAD ones. Some authors have found less hippocampal memory presentations and more focal @entity2526 (such as @entity409 ) in EOAD than LOAD @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to determine which initial clinical profiles differ between EOAD and LOAD; and to analyze whether another age cut-off could discriminate better between EOAD and LOAD clinical presentations than the conventional limit of 65. All @entity1 fulfilling NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable @entity195 who referred to our Hospital between October 2007 and December 2012 were included in the study. The conventional age limit of 65 was established to distinguish between EOAD and LOAD. Baseline neuropsychological scores, adjusted for age and education, were compared between both groups. A total of 181 @entity1 (38 EOAD, 143 LOAD) entered in the analysis. Sex distribution and time of evolution of symptoms did not differ between groups. The EOAD @entity1 performed worse than LOAD in attentional, imitation praxis and verbal learning tests. In addition, the age cut-off of 70 was found to differentiate between early- and late-onset groups better than the standard cut-off of 65  years old. Our results support a differentiated @entity73 pattern in EOAD compared to LOAD.

title: Differentiated clinical presentation of early and late-onset XXXX : is 65  years of age providing a reliable threshold?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic plaques']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological impairment']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['visuoconstructive or executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['cortical abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3177 , the causative agent for African @entity7246 , possesses a single mitochondrion that imports hundreds of proteins from the cytosol. However, the parasite only possesses a few homologs of the canonical protein translocases found in fungi and animals. We recently characterized a homolog of the translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane, Tim50, in @entity3177 . TbTim50 knockdown (KD) moderately reduced cell growth, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited import of proteins into mitochondria. In contrast to Tim50 KD, we show here that TbTim50 overexpression (OE) increased the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as increased the production of cellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Therefore, TbTim50 OE also inhibits cell growth. In addition, TbTim50 OE and KD cells showed different responses upon treatment with @entity5568 . Surprisingly, TbTim50 KD cells showed a greater tolerance to oxidative stress. Further analysis revealed that TbTim50 KD inhibits transition of cells from an early to late apoptotic stage upon exposure to increasing concentrations of @entity5568 . On the other hand TbTim50 OE caused cells to be in a pro-apoptotic stage and thus they underwent increased cell death upon @entity5568 treatment. However, externally added @entity5568 similarly increased the levels of cellular ROS and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in both cell types, indicating that tolerance to ROS is mediated through induction of the stress-response pathway due to TbTim50 KD. Together, these results suggest that TbTim50 acts as a stress sensor and that down regulation of Tim50 could be a survival mechanism for @entity3177 exposed to oxidative stress.

title: Down regulation of Tim50 in XXXX increases tolerance to oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity7246 :: ('MESH:D014352', 'Disease') :: ['trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei', 'T. brucei']

answer: @entity3177 :: (5691,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']


abstract: Psychological changes during @entity1378 are well known. However, no studies were performed in order to quantify or evaluate them in numerical details. We have studied the personality of 15 @entity1 with @entity2743 by means of the 16PF Cattell Test, before and after treatment of @entity1378 with surgery or radioactive @entity1496 . The first test was performed when @entity1 relapsed the @entity2743 after a period of euthyroidism, achieved through the treatment with antithyroid drugs during one year. At the time of the second test all @entity1 had 6-12 months of euthyroidism. Hormonal circulating levels were as follow (mean +/- SEM): a) at the first test, T3 = 320 +/- 27 ng/dl, T4 = 19.7 +/- 1.2 micrograms/dl, TSH < 0.2 microU/ml; b) at the second test, T3 = 128 +/- 9 ng/dl, T4 = 8.8 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dl, TSH = 1.9 +/- 0.4 microU/ml. Differences between both tests were expressed for each factor as the mean difference +/- @entity24868 (paired "t" test). After treatment @entity1 were: 1) more relaxed and emotionally trustful and cooperative (factor A + 1.06 +/- 0.39, p < 0.02); 2) better and faster intellectual comprehension (factor B + 0.80 +/- 0.31, p < 0.05); 3) more capable of analysis (factor Q1 + 0.93 +/- 0.41, p < 0.05); 4) lower in lingering @entity148 and @entity2701 (factor Q4-0.87 +/- 0.36, p < 0.05); 5) more independent, less submissive (factor QIV + 0.88 +/- 0.41, p < 0.05); 6) more relaxed (factor QI-0.69 +/- 0.20, p < 0.01). The other factors remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Psychological changes during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The crucial role of angiogenesis in @entity5 behaviour has been studied extensively in vitro. The authors assessed the in vivo angiogenesis in @entity43 by color Doppler ultrasound and waveform analysis. METHODS: The intratumor artery resistance index (RI) of 222 @entity43 referred for color Doppler ultrasound evaluation was measured, and the corresponding histopathologic diagnosis was recorded. RESULTS: Satisfactory intratumor artery waveforms were obtained at an average of 1.12 sites in 44.7% (68 of 152) of @entity5 and at 6.28 sites in 97.1% (68 of 70) of the malignant group. Great heterogeneity in RI values existed. The RI of the intratumor artery in the benign group during the follicular phase (mean, 0.678) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that of the luteal phase (mean, 0.414), @entity43 (n = 34; mean, 0.402), @entity2971 (n = 6; mean, 0.413), @entity5 metastasized to the ovary (n = 18; mean, 0.357), and other rare @entity5 (n = 4; mean, 0.435). The RI of primary @entity43 (n = 41; mean, 0.411) was significantly higher than that of @entity5 metastasized to the ovary (P < 0.05). The RI values of epithelium-originated @entity5 showed a significant incremental decrease from @entity5 (n = 48; mean, 0.695) toward borderline @entity5 (n = 6; mean, 0.535; P < 0.01), early-stage @entity43 (n = 10; mean, 0.485; P < 0.01), and, finally, to advanced-stage @entity43 (n = 29; mean, 0.398; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis is a common phenomenon in @entity43 , but the intensity of neovascularization may depend on individual @entity5 characteristics. The authors documented the incremental decrease of the resistance index in @entity43 , which may reflect the increase in angiogenesis intensity as an indication of malignant potential.

title: Incremental angiogenesis assessed by color Doppler ultrasound in the tumorigenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'malignancy', 'neoplasms', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'malignant ovarian neoplasms', 'ovarian malignancy', 'ovarian malignancies', 'ovarian neoplasms', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) showed that the addition of coronary artery @entity460 ( @entity7464 ) to traditional risk factors improves risk classification, particularly in intermediate risk asymptomatic @entity1 with LDL @entity165 levels <160 mg/dL. However, the cost-effectiveness of incorporating @entity7464 into treatment decision rules has yet to be clearly delineated. OBJECTIVE: To model the cost-effectiveness of @entity7464 for cardiovascular risk stratification in asymptomatic, intermediate risk @entity1 not taking a statin. Treatment based on @entity7464 was compared to (1) treatment of all intermediate-risk @entity1 , and (2) treatment on the basis of United States guidelines. METHODS: We developed a Markov model of first @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) events. We modeled statin treatment in intermediate risk @entity1 with @entity71327 and @entity7464 >= 100, with different intensities of statins based on the @entity7464 score. We compared these @entity7464 -based treatment strategies to a "treat all" strategy and to treatment according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines. Clinical and economic outcomes were modeled over both five- and ten-year time horizons. Outcomes consisted of @entity301 and @entity65 events and Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Sensitivity analyses considered the effect of higher event rates, different @entity7464 and statin costs, indirect costs, and re-scanning @entity1 with @entity700 . RESULTS: We project that it is both cost-saving and more effective to scan intermediate-risk @entity1 for @entity7464 and to treat those with @entity71327 , compared to treatment based on established risk-assessment guidelines. Treating @entity1 with @entity7464 >= 100 is also preferred to existing guidelines when we account for statin side effects and the disutility of statin use. CONCLUSION: Compared to the alternatives we assessed, @entity7464 testing is both effective and cost saving as a risk-stratification tool, particularly if there are adverse effects of long-term statin use. @entity7464 may enable providers to better tailor preventive therapy to @entity1 ' risks of @entity65 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of coronary artery @entity460 testing for coronary heart and XXXX risk prediction to guide statin allocation: the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA).

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity700 :: ('MESH:C538238', 'Disease') :: ['incidentalomas']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) showed that the addition of coronary artery @entity460 ( @entity7464 ) to traditional risk factors improves risk classification, particularly in intermediate risk asymptomatic @entity1 with LDL @entity165 levels <160 mg/dL. However, the cost-effectiveness of incorporating @entity7464 into treatment decision rules has yet to be clearly delineated. OBJECTIVE: To model the cost-effectiveness of @entity7464 for cardiovascular risk stratification in asymptomatic, intermediate risk @entity1 not taking a statin. Treatment based on @entity7464 was compared to (1) treatment of all intermediate-risk @entity1 , and (2) treatment on the basis of United States guidelines. METHODS: We developed a Markov model of first @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) events. We modeled statin treatment in intermediate risk @entity1 with @entity71327 and @entity7464 >= 100, with different intensities of statins based on the @entity7464 score. We compared these @entity7464 -based treatment strategies to a "treat all" strategy and to treatment according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines. Clinical and economic outcomes were modeled over both five- and ten-year time horizons. Outcomes consisted of @entity301 and @entity65 events and Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Sensitivity analyses considered the effect of higher event rates, different @entity7464 and statin costs, indirect costs, and re-scanning @entity1 with @entity700 . RESULTS: We project that it is both cost-saving and more effective to scan intermediate-risk @entity1 for @entity7464 and to treat those with @entity71327 , compared to treatment based on established risk-assessment guidelines. Treating @entity1 with @entity7464 >= 100 is also preferred to existing guidelines when we account for statin side effects and the disutility of statin use. CONCLUSION: Compared to the alternatives we assessed, @entity7464 testing is both effective and cost saving as a risk-stratification tool, particularly if there are adverse effects of long-term statin use. @entity7464 may enable providers to better tailor preventive therapy to @entity1 ' risks of @entity65 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of coronary artery XXXX testing for coronary heart and @entity65 risk prediction to guide statin allocation: the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']