abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the gastric mucosa of adult healthy animals possesses a remarkable capacity to promptly repair its mucosal architecture after an acute injury, aging attenuates this process. We hypothesize that certain @entity669 kinases (Tyr-k), specifically the enzyme associated with EGF-receptor (EGF-R), may play a role in this process. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the role of this enzyme in the early reparative phase of the gastric mucosa in young and aged @entity35 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In our initial effort to test the hypothesis, we examined the changes in both total and EGF-R-associated Tyr-k activities in the gastric mucosa of young adult @entity35 (4-months old) during the first 60 minutes after hypertonic saline (2 M @entity1219 ; 1.5 ml/130 g body weight)-induced injury. Because the maximal stimulation (90-100% over the controls) in both total and EGF-R-associated Tyr-k occurred at 30 minutes after injury, we used this time point to perform the next experiment, in which groups of young and aged @entity35 were given (intragastically) 2 M @entity1219 or water. One of the young and aged groups of @entity35 was also injected (i.p.) with the Tyr-k inhibitor @entity20747 (300 micrograms/kg body weight) 60 minutes before injury. The gastric mucosa was assayed for EGF-R Tyr-k activity and @entity669 phosphorylation and expression of EGF-R, phospholipase C (PLC) activity and relative concentration and @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity22857 , as well as @entity18696 ( @entity18696 ) levels. RESULTS: Basal EGF-R Tyr-k activity and the extent of @entity669 phosphorylation of EGF-R, as well as PLC activity, were all found to be higher in the gastric mucosa of aged than in young @entity35 . Although 30 minutes after injury, EGF-R Tyr-k activity, @entity669 phosphorylation of EGF-R, and relative abundance of the receptor were all increased in the gastric mucosa of both young and aged @entity35 , the magnitude of stimulation of each of the parameters was found to be considerably lower in aged than in young @entity35 , compared with the corresponding basal levels. A similar phenomenon was also observed for PLC activity and @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity22857 . The relative concentration of mucosal @entity22857 level was, however, not affected by injury in either young or aged @entity35 . @entity12079 greatly attenuated the injury-induced increases in the above mentioned parameters in both young and aged @entity35 . In young but not in aged @entity35 , injury caused a significant increase in mucosal @entity18696 levels. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that (a) activation of EGF-R Tyr-k is an important event in the early reparative process of the gastric mucosa, and (b) local production of @entity18696 may play an important role in regulating the activation of EGF-R Tyr-k.

title: Induction of EGF-receptor XXXX kinase during early reparative phase of gastric mucosa and effects of aging.

entities_list: @entity12079 :: ('CHEBI:38637', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrphostin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity18696 :: ('24827(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha', 'TGF-alpha']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Liver transplantation is the only available treatment for some @entity1 with @entity3851 . Despite reduction in mortality rates due to advances related to surgical techniques, intensive medical management and immunosuppressive therapy, invasive @entity364 remain a serious complication in orthotopic liver transplantation. We report the case of an 18-year-old male diagnosed with @entity82 in 2009 who was assessed and listed for liver transplantation for massive @entity548 . One year after listing a successful orthotopic liver transplantation was performed. Uneventful early recovery was achieved; however, he developed @entity16 23 and 40 days after surgery, respectively. Antibiotic therapy with @entity5074 and @entity2379 was started early, with no major response. Neuroimaging revealed multiple right frontal and right parietal lesions with perilesional @entity4 ; surgical management of the brain abscesses was performed. A biopsy with periodic acid-Schiff and Gomori stains revealed areas with mycotic microorganisms morphologically consistent with Aspergillus, later confirmed by culture. The @entity1 developed necrotizing @entity198 secondary to @entity2381 and died. Necrotizing @entity198 as a clinical presentation of @entity281 in an orthotopic liver transplant is not common, and even with adequate management, early diagnosis and prompt antifungal treatment, mortality rates remain high.

title: Necrotizing XXXX caused by disseminated @entity281 after orthotopic liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and neurological Aspergillus infection']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus infection']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: Liver transplantation is the only available treatment for some @entity1 with @entity3851 . Despite reduction in mortality rates due to advances related to surgical techniques, intensive medical management and immunosuppressive therapy, invasive @entity364 remain a serious complication in orthotopic liver transplantation. We report the case of an 18-year-old male diagnosed with @entity82 in 2009 who was assessed and listed for liver transplantation for massive @entity548 . One year after listing a successful orthotopic liver transplantation was performed. Uneventful early recovery was achieved; however, he developed @entity16 23 and 40 days after surgery, respectively. Antibiotic therapy with @entity5074 and @entity2379 was started early, with no major response. Neuroimaging revealed multiple right frontal and right parietal lesions with perilesional @entity4 ; surgical management of the brain abscesses was performed. A biopsy with periodic acid-Schiff and Gomori stains revealed areas with mycotic microorganisms morphologically consistent with Aspergillus, later confirmed by culture. The @entity1 developed necrotizing @entity198 secondary to @entity2381 and died. Necrotizing @entity198 as a clinical presentation of @entity281 in an orthotopic liver transplant is not common, and even with adequate management, early diagnosis and prompt antifungal treatment, mortality rates remain high.

title: Necrotizing @entity198 caused by disseminated XXXX after orthotopic liver transplantation.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Aspergillus infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Uterine @entity1377 (UPSC) is a rare variant of @entity1204 responsible for up to 40% of @entity1204 . Controversy remains regarding optimal adjuvant therapy for UPSC, with lack of randomized trials to date. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate clinicopathological factors and determine event-free survival and overall survival (OS) in @entity1 with UPSC managed within a single institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical and pathological records between 1987 and 2004 were reviewed at the Royal @entity1 's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze effects of clinical and histopathological variables on @entity1 survival and survival times following adjuvant therapy. Event-free survival and OS were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity1 were included; 96.8% were managed surgically and 56.5% were completely surgically staged. Myoinvasion was present in 72.6% (n = 45) of the @entity1 .In @entity1 with stage I disease, recurrence rate was 41.4% with a 5-year OS of 46%. In stage II, recurrence rate was 20% with a 5-year OS of 67%. In stage III, recurrence rate was 58.8% with a 5-year OS of 34%. In stage IV, recurrence rate was 71.4% with a 5-year OS of 29%.There was no significant difference in survival based on the presence of positive peritoneal cytology, positive lymphovascular space invasion or positive lymph nodes at diagnosis, and no significant difference in survival based on the type of adjuvant therapy administered. Depth of myometrial invasion was a significant determinant of poor prognosis (P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Uterine @entity1377 is an aggressive variant of @entity1204 associated with a high proportion of advanced-stage disease at diagnosis, high recurrence rates, and low OS. In our @entity1 , prognosis was determined by myometrial invasion and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage at diagnosis. Randomized trials in this area are required to clarify optimal adjuvant therapy for @entity1 with UPSC.

title: Uterine XXXX : A Single-Institution Review of 62 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancer deaths']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['Papillary Serous Carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity25407 ( @entity24055 ) is one of the most abundant organic micropollutants detected in biosolids. Lab-scale anaerobic digesters were amended with @entity24055 at concentrations ranging from the background concentration of seed biosolids (30 mg/kg) to toxic concentrations of 850 mg/kg to determine the effect on @entity577 production, relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, and microbial community structure. Additionally, the @entity24055 addition rate was varied to determine the impacts of acclimation time. At environmentally relevant @entity24055 concentrations (max detect = 440 mg/kg), digesters maintained function. Digesters receiving 450 mg/kg of @entity24055 maintained function under gradual @entity24055 addition, but volatile @entity844 concentrations increased, pH decreased, and @entity577 production ceased when immediately fed this concentration. The concentrations of the mexB gene (encoding for a multidrug efflux pump) were higher with all concentrations of @entity24055 compared to a control, but higher @entity24055 concentrations did not correlate with increased mexB abundance. The relative abundance of the gene tet(L) was greater in the digesters that no longer produced @entity577 , and no effect on the relative abundance of the class 1 integron integrase encoding gene (intI1) was observed. Illumina sequencing revealed substantial community shifts in digesters that functionally failed from increased levels of @entity24055 . More subtle, yet significant, community shifts were observed in digesters amended with @entity24055 levels that did not inhibit function. This research demonstrates that @entity24055 can select for a multidrug resistance encoding gene in mixed community anaerobic environments, and this selection occurs at concentrations (30 mg/kg) that can be found in full-scale anaerobic digesters (U.S. median concentration = 22 mg/kg, mean = 39 mg/kg).

title: XXXX Influences Antibiotic Resistance and Alters Anaerobic Digester Microbial Community Structure.

entities_list: @entity25407 :: ('MESH:C009540', 'Chemical') :: ['Triclocarban']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

answer: @entity25407 :: (MESH:C009540,Chemical) :: ['Triclocarban']


abstract: Since September 1991, 14 consecutive @entity1 with @entity215 , @entity1146 , and diminutive pulmonary arteries have undergone staged repair. All @entity1 had multiple aortopulmonary collateral arteries and the ductus arteriosus was absent in 11. Mean sizes of the right and left pulmonary arteries were 2.2 +/- 0.7 mm and 1.9 +/- 0.8 mm, respectively (range 0.5 to 3.0 mm). Eight @entity1 (57%) have subsequently received complete repair. Age at initial procedure (shunt, right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit, or direct aorta-pulmonary artery anastomosis) in this group was 5.3 +/- 6.8 months. The number of operative procedures to achieve complete repair was 2.9 +/- 0.8 per @entity1 (range 2 to 4). Intraoperative postrepair peak right ventricle-left ventricle pressure ratio was 0.57 +/- 0.17. Six of 8 @entity1 (75%) required additional interventional procedures (mean 1.5 +/- 1.2 per @entity1 ) for angioplasty of @entity3657 , coil embolization of aortopulmonary collateral arteries, or intra-operative insertion of intravascular pulmonary artery stents. Mean follow-up from complete repair was 8.7 +/- 8.3 months (range 0.5 to 23.8 months) and is complete. There was one in-hospital death at 45 days, and one late @entity204 at 20.3 months. Six @entity1 had initial palliative operations (unifocalization, right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit, direct aorta-pulmonary artery anastomosis, or transannular outflow patch) but have not undergone complete repair. Age at initial procedure in this group was 27.9 +/- 56.9 months (range 0.27 to 155 months), and mean follow-up from initial procedure was 10.9 +/- 11.2 months (range 0 to 31.4 months). The operative mortality rate was 33% (2 of 6 @entity1 ). There was one late noncardiac death at 5.3 months. Three @entity1 are awaiting further intervention or repair. This experience suggests that complete repair is feasible even in @entity1 with extremely diminutive pulmonary arteries (< or = 3.0 mm). Pulmonary artery growth is facilitated by early (3 to 6 month) establishment of central pulmonary artery flow by right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit (pulmonary arteries > 1.5 mm) or by direct ascending aorta-pulmonary artery anastomosis (pulmonary arteries < 1.5 mm). Subsequent interventional catheterization and operative procedures as required for pulmonary artery stenoses and coil embolization of collateral arteries allow continued recruitment of central pulmonary arteries and may obviate or minimize the need for unifocalization procedures.

title: The management of XXXX with @entity1146 and diminutive pulmonary arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral pulmonary artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: Since September 1991, 14 consecutive @entity1 with @entity215 , @entity1146 , and diminutive pulmonary arteries have undergone staged repair. All @entity1 had multiple aortopulmonary collateral arteries and the ductus arteriosus was absent in 11. Mean sizes of the right and left pulmonary arteries were 2.2 +/- 0.7 mm and 1.9 +/- 0.8 mm, respectively (range 0.5 to 3.0 mm). Eight @entity1 (57%) have subsequently received complete repair. Age at initial procedure (shunt, right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit, or direct aorta-pulmonary artery anastomosis) in this group was 5.3 +/- 6.8 months. The number of operative procedures to achieve complete repair was 2.9 +/- 0.8 per @entity1 (range 2 to 4). Intraoperative postrepair peak right ventricle-left ventricle pressure ratio was 0.57 +/- 0.17. Six of 8 @entity1 (75%) required additional interventional procedures (mean 1.5 +/- 1.2 per @entity1 ) for angioplasty of @entity3657 , coil embolization of aortopulmonary collateral arteries, or intra-operative insertion of intravascular pulmonary artery stents. Mean follow-up from complete repair was 8.7 +/- 8.3 months (range 0.5 to 23.8 months) and is complete. There was one in-hospital death at 45 days, and one late @entity204 at 20.3 months. Six @entity1 had initial palliative operations (unifocalization, right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit, direct aorta-pulmonary artery anastomosis, or transannular outflow patch) but have not undergone complete repair. Age at initial procedure in this group was 27.9 +/- 56.9 months (range 0.27 to 155 months), and mean follow-up from initial procedure was 10.9 +/- 11.2 months (range 0 to 31.4 months). The operative mortality rate was 33% (2 of 6 @entity1 ). There was one late noncardiac death at 5.3 months. Three @entity1 are awaiting further intervention or repair. This experience suggests that complete repair is feasible even in @entity1 with extremely diminutive pulmonary arteries (< or = 3.0 mm). Pulmonary artery growth is facilitated by early (3 to 6 month) establishment of central pulmonary artery flow by right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit (pulmonary arteries > 1.5 mm) or by direct ascending aorta-pulmonary artery anastomosis (pulmonary arteries < 1.5 mm). Subsequent interventional catheterization and operative procedures as required for pulmonary artery stenoses and coil embolization of collateral arteries allow continued recruitment of central pulmonary arteries and may obviate or minimize the need for unifocalization procedures.

title: The management of @entity215 with XXXX and diminutive pulmonary arteries.

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['pulmonary atresia']


abstract: @entity3124 represents the most severe subset of @entity565 exacerbations, and the critical @entity565 is an umbrella term for life-threatening @entity565 , status asthmaticus, and near-fatal @entity565 . According to the 2007 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines, a life-threatening @entity565 exacerbation is marked by an inability to speak, a reduced peak expiratory flow rate of <25 % of a @entity1 's personal best, and a failed response to frequent bronchodilator administration and intravenous steroids. Almost all critical @entity565 cases require emergency care, and most cases require hospitalization, often in an intensive care unit. Among asthmatics, those with the critical @entity565 are difficult to manage and there is little room for error. @entity1 with the critical @entity565 are prone to complications, they utilize immense resources, and they incite @entity148 in many care providers. Managing this syndrome is anything but routine, and it requires attention, alacrity, and accuracy. The specific management strategies of adults with the critical @entity565 in the hospital with a focus on intensive care are discussed. Topics include the initial assessment for @entity3124 , initial ventilation management, hemodynamic issues, novel diagnostic tools and interventions, and common pitfalls. We highlight the use of critical care ultrasound, and we provide practical guidelines on how to manage deteriorating @entity1 such as those with pneumothoraces. When standard @entity565 management fails, we provide experience-driven recommendations coupled with available evidence to guide the care team through advanced treatment. Though we do not discuss medications in detail, we highlight recent advances.

title: XXXX in the ICU.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'asthma syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'Critical asthma syndrome']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['Critical asthma syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIM: Serum albumin and @entity648 are the most significant independent prognostic factors to predict hepatic events in @entity1 with @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ). We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of a new prognostic score, the albumin- @entity648 (ALBI) score, among @entity2835 @entity1 . METHODS: In a retrospective longitudinal cohort of 61 Chinese @entity2835 @entity1 with follow-up period up to 18.3 years, the prognostic performance of the ALBI in prediction of hepatic events was compared with other well-established prognostic scores: @entity1 -Pugh score, Model for End-stage @entity409 , Mayo risk score, Yale, European and Newcastle models. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (24.6%) developed hepatic events during follow-up. The c-index (0.894) and   2 by likelihood ratio test (36.34) of the ALBI score were highest in comparison to other models. The ALBI score was the only independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis and its adjusted hazard ratio of developing hepatic event was 27.8 (P<0.001). There were 3 prognostically different groups stratified by the ALBI score: ALBI grade 1 ( <=-2.60), grade 2 (>-2.60 to -1.39) and grade 3 (>-1.39) groups. The 2-year, 5-year and 10-years event-free survivals for grade 1, 2 and 3 groups were: 100.0% vs. 100.0% vs. 57.1%, 100.0% vs. 88.5% vs. 14.3%, and 100.0% vs. 81.7% vs. 0.0%, respectively (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The ALBI score is readily derived from a blood test without using those factors evaluated subjectively or obtained by invasive procedures. It is an independent prognostic factor for @entity2835 @entity1 and provides better/similar prognostic performance compared to other prognostic scores.

title: A new simple prognostic score for @entity2835 : Albumin- XXXX (ALBI) score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

answer: @entity648 :: (MESH:D001663,Chemical) :: ['Bilirubin']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIM: Serum albumin and @entity648 are the most significant independent prognostic factors to predict hepatic events in @entity1 with @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ). We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of a new prognostic score, the albumin- @entity648 (ALBI) score, among @entity2835 @entity1 . METHODS: In a retrospective longitudinal cohort of 61 Chinese @entity2835 @entity1 with follow-up period up to 18.3 years, the prognostic performance of the ALBI in prediction of hepatic events was compared with other well-established prognostic scores: @entity1 -Pugh score, Model for End-stage @entity409 , Mayo risk score, Yale, European and Newcastle models. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (24.6%) developed hepatic events during follow-up. The c-index (0.894) and   2 by likelihood ratio test (36.34) of the ALBI score were highest in comparison to other models. The ALBI score was the only independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis and its adjusted hazard ratio of developing hepatic event was 27.8 (P<0.001). There were 3 prognostically different groups stratified by the ALBI score: ALBI grade 1 ( <=-2.60), grade 2 (>-2.60 to -1.39) and grade 3 (>-1.39) groups. The 2-year, 5-year and 10-years event-free survivals for grade 1, 2 and 3 groups were: 100.0% vs. 100.0% vs. 57.1%, 100.0% vs. 88.5% vs. 14.3%, and 100.0% vs. 81.7% vs. 0.0%, respectively (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The ALBI score is readily derived from a blood test without using those factors evaluated subjectively or obtained by invasive procedures. It is an independent prognostic factor for @entity2835 @entity1 and provides better/similar prognostic performance compared to other prognostic scores.

title: A new simple prognostic score for XXXX : Albumin- @entity648 (ALBI) score.

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of @entity8968 (by nasal polyps of different histopathology) on olfactory bulb volume using MRI technique. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary university hospitals, Departments of Otolaryngology and Radiology. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with a few months of complete @entity8968 of different pathological etiologies were selected. MRI assessment of olfactory bulb volume was performed using planimetric manual contouring. The contralateral olfactory bulb was used as a comparative control for the same @entity1 . Eleven healthy controls constituted the control group. RESULTS: Mean olfactory bulb volume   SD of obstructed side = 14.3    3.7 mm(3), mean olfactory bulb volume   SD of nonobstructed side = 43.49    10.7 mm(3). The difference between the 2 sides was significant (P = .003). The difference in olfactory bulb volume between normal subjects and nonobstructed nasal side was statistically nonsignificant (t = .9118, P = .3727), while the difference between normal subjects' olfactory bulb volume and obstructed nasal side olfactory bulb volume in our @entity1 was extremely statistically significant (t = 9.7320, P < .0001). A strong negative correlation was found between duration of obstruction and olfactory bulb volume (R = -0.9761). CONCLUSION: This study shows that @entity8968 may be associated with a lateralized ipsilateral difference of olfactory bulb volume.

title: Ipsilateral Reduced Olfactory Bulb Volume in XXXX with Unilateral Nasal Obstruction.

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity3446 inhibits the growth, function, and metabolism of @entity1 @entity850 ( @entity850 )-derived fibroblasts. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled in vitro study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital in a research university. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fibroblasts isolated from biopsies of 5 @entity1 with @entity850 were cultured. Cell proliferation, histology, gene expression, and cellular metabolism of @entity850 -derived fibroblasts were assessed in 4 conditions: (1) fibroblast growth medium, (2) fibroblast growth medium with @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ), (3) fibroblast growth medium with 10(-10) M (low-dose) @entity3446 dissolved in @entity3733 , and (4) fibroblast growth medium with 10(-9) M (high-dose) @entity3446 dissolved in @entity3733 . RESULTS: The @entity850 fibroblast count and DNA concentration were reduced after treatment with high-dose @entity3446 compared to @entity3733 (P = .0007) and normal (P = .0007) controls. Collagen I expression decreased after treatment with high-dose @entity3446 versus control (P = .0051) and @entity3733 (P = .0093) controls. Maximal respiration decreased to 68.6 pMoles of @entity26 /min/10 mg/protein from 96.9 for @entity3733 (P = .0002) and 97.0 for normal (P = .0022) controls. @entity855 ( @entity855 ) production decreased to 66.8 pMoles from 88.1 for @entity3733 (P = .0006) and 83.3 for normal (P = .0003) controls. Basal respiration decreased to 78.6 pMoles from 108 for @entity3733 (P = .0002) and 101 for normal (P = .0014) controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3446 demonstrated an anti-fibroblast effect by significantly reducing the proliferation, metabolism, and collagen deposition of @entity1 @entity850 fibroblast in vitro. @entity3446 significantly decreased oxidative phosphorylation of @entity850 fibroblasts, suggesting at a potential mechanism for the reduced proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, @entity3446 's anti-fibroblast effects indicate a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of @entity850 .

title: @entity3446 inhibits @entity1 XXXX -derived fibroblast proliferation, metabolism, and function in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Rapamycin', 'rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['LTS', 'laryngotracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity3446 inhibits the growth, function, and metabolism of @entity1 @entity850 ( @entity850 )-derived fibroblasts. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled in vitro study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital in a research university. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fibroblasts isolated from biopsies of 5 @entity1 with @entity850 were cultured. Cell proliferation, histology, gene expression, and cellular metabolism of @entity850 -derived fibroblasts were assessed in 4 conditions: (1) fibroblast growth medium, (2) fibroblast growth medium with @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ), (3) fibroblast growth medium with 10(-10) M (low-dose) @entity3446 dissolved in @entity3733 , and (4) fibroblast growth medium with 10(-9) M (high-dose) @entity3446 dissolved in @entity3733 . RESULTS: The @entity850 fibroblast count and DNA concentration were reduced after treatment with high-dose @entity3446 compared to @entity3733 (P = .0007) and normal (P = .0007) controls. Collagen I expression decreased after treatment with high-dose @entity3446 versus control (P = .0051) and @entity3733 (P = .0093) controls. Maximal respiration decreased to 68.6 pMoles of @entity26 /min/10 mg/protein from 96.9 for @entity3733 (P = .0002) and 97.0 for normal (P = .0022) controls. @entity855 ( @entity855 ) production decreased to 66.8 pMoles from 88.1 for @entity3733 (P = .0006) and 83.3 for normal (P = .0003) controls. Basal respiration decreased to 78.6 pMoles from 108 for @entity3733 (P = .0002) and 101 for normal (P = .0014) controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3446 demonstrated an anti-fibroblast effect by significantly reducing the proliferation, metabolism, and collagen deposition of @entity1 @entity850 fibroblast in vitro. @entity3446 significantly decreased oxidative phosphorylation of @entity850 fibroblasts, suggesting at a potential mechanism for the reduced proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, @entity3446 's anti-fibroblast effects indicate a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of @entity850 .

title: XXXX inhibits @entity1 @entity850 -derived fibroblast proliferation, metabolism, and function in vitro.

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Rapamycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity3446 inhibits the growth, function, and metabolism of @entity1 @entity850 ( @entity850 )-derived fibroblasts. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled in vitro study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital in a research university. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fibroblasts isolated from biopsies of 5 @entity1 with @entity850 were cultured. Cell proliferation, histology, gene expression, and cellular metabolism of @entity850 -derived fibroblasts were assessed in 4 conditions: (1) fibroblast growth medium, (2) fibroblast growth medium with @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ), (3) fibroblast growth medium with 10(-10) M (low-dose) @entity3446 dissolved in @entity3733 , and (4) fibroblast growth medium with 10(-9) M (high-dose) @entity3446 dissolved in @entity3733 . RESULTS: The @entity850 fibroblast count and DNA concentration were reduced after treatment with high-dose @entity3446 compared to @entity3733 (P = .0007) and normal (P = .0007) controls. Collagen I expression decreased after treatment with high-dose @entity3446 versus control (P = .0051) and @entity3733 (P = .0093) controls. Maximal respiration decreased to 68.6 pMoles of @entity26 /min/10 mg/protein from 96.9 for @entity3733 (P = .0002) and 97.0 for normal (P = .0022) controls. @entity855 ( @entity855 ) production decreased to 66.8 pMoles from 88.1 for @entity3733 (P = .0006) and 83.3 for normal (P = .0003) controls. Basal respiration decreased to 78.6 pMoles from 108 for @entity3733 (P = .0002) and 101 for normal (P = .0014) controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3446 demonstrated an anti-fibroblast effect by significantly reducing the proliferation, metabolism, and collagen deposition of @entity1 @entity850 fibroblast in vitro. @entity3446 significantly decreased oxidative phosphorylation of @entity850 fibroblasts, suggesting at a potential mechanism for the reduced proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, @entity3446 's anti-fibroblast effects indicate a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of @entity850 .

title: @entity3446 inhibits XXXX @entity850 -derived fibroblast proliferation, metabolism, and function in vitro.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Pregnant Swiss @entity19 were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg body weight of @entity54957 ( @entity54957 ) on d 6-15 of gestation. At birth litters were normalized to eight pups, and postnatal evaluation of pup growth rate and behavioral observations of dams were carried out. Litters were sacrificed on postnatal days (pnd) 7, 14, and 21, to perform hematological analysis, in connection with another study. Dam @entity1017 was impaired in all the treated groups (except at the lowest dose level) in the late phase of gestation. A high incidence of anticipated or delayed parturitions, without any correlation with fetal mass, was observed in the treated groups. All the treated dams showed a significant increase in resorptions, and a decrease in body @entity1017 between gestational day (gd) 6 and pnd 1. At birth, only the 20 and 30 mg/kg dose groups showed reduced litter size and reduced pup weight. Body @entity1017 persisted in wk 1 of life only in the 10 and 20 mg/kg dose groups. In addition, the maternal weight trend was affected during the lactation period in the higher dose groups. Postnatal death rate and growth rate of treated pups were affected by an altered maternal behavior; pups, apparently viable and with normal weight, were found often scattered throughout the cage with signs of wounds, and the percentage of dams that had not built a nest increased in the 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg dose groups. Total absence of parental care was noted in many litters, and many infanticidal events were reported. Our results seem to confirm low @entity54957 embryofetotoxicity, and strongly support the assumption that @entity54957 's @entity137 to the mother is much stronger than its embryo-fetotoxic potential. Most of the reproductive parameters examined in this study were unaffected in the low-dose group, while some indices, such as gestation length and maternal @entity1017 between gd 6 and pnd 1, were markedly altered also at the 5 mg/kg dose level and appear to be sensitive parameters in assessing maternal @entity137 .

title: Oral XXXX in pregnant @entity19 . I. Potential influence of maternal behavior on postnatal mortality.

entities_list: @entity54957 :: ('MESH:C005961', 'Chemical') :: ['TBTO', 'bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain reduction of pups', 'weight gain']

answer: @entity54957 :: (MESH:C005961,Chemical) :: ['bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide']


abstract: Pregnant Swiss @entity19 were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg body weight of @entity54957 ( @entity54957 ) on d 6-15 of gestation. At birth litters were normalized to eight pups, and postnatal evaluation of pup growth rate and behavioral observations of dams were carried out. Litters were sacrificed on postnatal days (pnd) 7, 14, and 21, to perform hematological analysis, in connection with another study. Dam @entity1017 was impaired in all the treated groups (except at the lowest dose level) in the late phase of gestation. A high incidence of anticipated or delayed parturitions, without any correlation with fetal mass, was observed in the treated groups. All the treated dams showed a significant increase in resorptions, and a decrease in body @entity1017 between gestational day (gd) 6 and pnd 1. At birth, only the 20 and 30 mg/kg dose groups showed reduced litter size and reduced pup weight. Body @entity1017 persisted in wk 1 of life only in the 10 and 20 mg/kg dose groups. In addition, the maternal weight trend was affected during the lactation period in the higher dose groups. Postnatal death rate and growth rate of treated pups were affected by an altered maternal behavior; pups, apparently viable and with normal weight, were found often scattered throughout the cage with signs of wounds, and the percentage of dams that had not built a nest increased in the 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg dose groups. Total absence of parental care was noted in many litters, and many infanticidal events were reported. Our results seem to confirm low @entity54957 embryofetotoxicity, and strongly support the assumption that @entity54957 's @entity137 to the mother is much stronger than its embryo-fetotoxic potential. Most of the reproductive parameters examined in this study were unaffected in the low-dose group, while some indices, such as gestation length and maternal @entity1017 between gd 6 and pnd 1, were markedly altered also at the 5 mg/kg dose level and appear to be sensitive parameters in assessing maternal @entity137 .

title: Oral @entity54957 in pregnant XXXX . I. Potential influence of maternal behavior on postnatal mortality.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The "no reflow" phenomenon (microvascular obstruction despite restoration of epicardial blood flow) develops postreperfusion in @entity583 and is associated with poor prognosis. We hypothesized that increased reperfusion pressure may attenuate the no reflow phenomenon, as it could provide adequate flow to overcome the high resistance of the microvasculature within the no reflow zone. Thus, we investigated the effect of modestly elevated blood pressure during reperfusion on the extent of no reflow area and @entity1188 size in a porcine model of @entity63 -reperfusion. METHODS: Eighteen farm @entity1707 underwent @entity583 by occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery for 1 hour, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Just prior to reperfusion, animals were randomized into 2 groups: in group 1 (control group, n = 9), no intervention was performed. In group 2 (n = 9), aortic pressure was increased by    20% (compared to @entity63 ) by partial clamping of the ascending aorta during reperfusion. Following 2 hours of reperfusion, animals were euthanized to measure area at risk, @entity1188 size, and area of no reflow. RESULTS: Partial clamping of the ascending aorta resulted in modest elevation of blood pressure during reperfusion. The area at risk did not differ between the 2 groups. The no reflow area was significantly increased in group 2 compared to control animals (50%    13% vs 37%    9% of the area at risk; P = .04). The infarcted area was significantly increased in group 2 compared to control animals (75%    17% vs 52%    23% of the area at risk; P = .03). Significant positive correlations were observed between systolic aortic pressure and no reflow area, between systolic aortic pressure and infarcted area and between infarcted area and no reflow area during reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Modestly elevated blood pressure during reperfusion is associated with an increase in no reflow area and in @entity1188 size in a clinically relevant porcine model of @entity63 -reperfusion.

title: Effect of Elevated Reperfusion Pressure on "No Reflow" Area and Infarct Size in a Porcine Model of XXXX -Reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for @entity1126 . The aim of this study was to investigate disease recurrence patterns and prognostic factors for recurrence of @entity1126 after surgical resection. A retrospective study was performed on 122 @entity1 with @entity1126 who underwent R0 or R1 surgical resection at Korea University Guro Hospital from 1991 to 2010. Sites of initial disease recurrence were classified as locoregional or distant. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the factors affecting recurrence. Of the 122 @entity1 , 80 @entity1 developed recurrence. The disease-free survival rate was 63.1 per cent at one year and 36.4 per cent at three years. The patterns of recurrence at diagnosis were locoregional in 25 @entity1 , locoregional and distant @entity3 in 14 @entity1 , and distant @entity3 in 41 @entity1 . Multivariate analyses revealed that recurrence pattern, lymph node @entity3 , and differentiation are independent prognostic factors affecting disease-free survival. R status (marginal significance) and @entity5 differentiation were independent prognostic factors associated with locoregional recurrence. Differentiation and lymph node @entity3 were independent prognostic factors associated with distant @entity3 . The prognosis after recurrence was poor with a 1-year survival rate after recurrence of 26.1 per cent. Adjuvant chemo- or radiation therapy, delivered in @entity1 mainly with R1 resection or with presence of lymph node @entity3 , did not demonstrate the survival benefit. Significant factors for recurrence were @entity5 differentiation and lymph node @entity3 . Therefore, close follow-up and adjuvant therapy will be necessary in @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 or poorly differentiated @entity5 .

title: Disease Recurrence Patterns and Analysis of Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors for Recurrence after Resection for Distal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct cancers', 'distal bile duct cancers']

answer: @entity1126 :: (MESH:D001650,Disease) :: ['Bile Duct Cancer']


abstract: Female protein (FP) is a pentraxin of @entity329 which is a homologue of two @entity1 pentraxins, C-reaction protein (CRP) and amyloid P component (AP). Functionally, FP has been shown to be similar to CRP, although FP has more homology at the @entity1472 terminus with AP. The present work investigated amyloid in the @entity329 to determine whether FP was involved in a manner analogous to AP. FP was found to be a constituent of @entity329 amyloid. This conclusion was based on the following results: (a) FP was consistently detected in @entity527 by fluorescent microscopy with specific antisera; (b) The amount of FP extractable from hamster livers directly correlated with the presence of amyloid; and (c) 125I-FP injected intravenously into amyloidotic hamsters rapidly left the intravascular compartment and was found subsequently in @entity527 . This unusual alteration of plasma metabolism and amyloid localization of 125I-FP was a characteristic finding in amyloidotic hamsters and was specific for 125I-FP. Therefore, as an amyloid component, FP appears to be functionally similar to @entity1 AP. However, FP synthesis is under sex @entity134 control and the unique sex-limited expression of this pentraxin was associated with an equally novel propensity for deposition of amyloid in female hamsters under normal or experimental conditions. Thus, a high serum level of FP, as found in normal females or @entity4742 -treated males, was associated with enhanced @entity2783 . Although speculative at present, a primary role for serum FP in hamster @entity527 may be experimentally approachable by hormonal manipulation of FP synthesis.

title: Hamster female protein, a sex-limited pentraxin, is a constituent of XXXX amyloid.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits', 'amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamster']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective The identification of stem cells (SC) remains challenging. In the @entity1 oral mucosal epithelium, these cells are believed to be in the basal layer (stem cell niche), but their exact location is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the @entity6349 oral epithelium for these SC-like proteins in order to assess their diagnostic value as biomarkers complementing the histological grading of @entity1141 . Material and Methods Thirty @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ), 25 @entity8619 and 5 normal oral epithelium (OE) were immunohistochemically examined for four SC markers [integrin b1, neuron-glial-2 ( @entity28557 ), @entity125 ( @entity125 ) and @entity8844 ( @entity8844 )]. Results Three of four SC markers were heterogeneously detected in all samples. @entity8844 overexpression in the lower two-thirds of severe @entity2543 suggests an expanded SC niche. Integrin b1 distribution pattern was not measurably different between OEDs and control. @entity28557 was almost negative to absent in all samples examined. @entity125 expression was weak and highly variable in normal and @entity7944 , making it an unreliable epithelial stem cell marker. Conclusions Present findings suggest that these markers were unable to identify individual epithelial stem cells. Instead, subpopulations of cells, most probably stem cells and transit amplifying cells with stem cell-like properties were identified in the @entity6349 oral epithelium. The characteristic expressions of @entity8844 might be of diagnostic value for @entity1697 and should be investigated further.

title: Differential expression of stem cell-like proteins in normal, hyperplastic and XXXX oral epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic epithelium']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['oral epithelial dysplasia', 'OED']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['oral lichen planus (OLP), 10 oral hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity6349 :: (MESH:D004416,Disease) :: ['dysplastic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are two types of errors when references are used in the scientific literature: citation errors and quotation errors, and these errors have in reviews mainly been evaluated quantitatively. Quotation errors are the major problem, and 1 review reported 6% major quotation errors. The objective of this listing of quotation errors is to illustrate by qualitative analysis of different types of 10 major quotation errors how and possibly why authors misquote references. The author selected for review the first 10 different consecutive major quotation errors encountered from his reading of the @entity10 literature. The characteristics of the 10 quotation errors ranged considerably. Thus, in a review of @entity2704 therapy in a very prestigious medical journal, the superiority of a new treatment (sumatriptan) vs an old treatment (aspirin plus @entity1769 ) was claimed despite no significant difference for the primary efficacy measure in the trial. One author, in a scientific debate, referred to the lack of dilation of the middle meningeal artery in spontaneous @entity2704 despite the fact that only 1 @entity2704 attack was studied. The possibility for creative major quotation errors in the medical literature is most likely infinite. Qualitative evaluations, as the present, of major quotation errors will hopefully result in more general awareness of quotation problems in the medical literature. Even if the final responsibility for correct use of quotations is with the authors, the referees, the experts with the knowledge needed to spot quotation errors, should be more involved in ensuring correct and fair use of references. Finally, this paper suggests that major misleading quotations, if pointed out by readers of the journal, should, as a rule, be corrected by way of an erratum statement.

title: The Qualitative Problem of Major Quotation Errors, as Illustrated by 10 Different Examples in the XXXX Literature.

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['Headache']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Soft tissue defects exposing the Achilles tendon are common in @entity1 who have undergone @entity130 or in those with pressure ulcers associated with @entity455 . The purpose of this article was to present our experience of 11 @entity1 who underwent reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the Achilles tendon using bipedicled fasciocutaneous flaps. Between August 2008 and August 2012, 11 @entity1 were admitted to our hospital, presenting with soft tissue defects overlying the Achilles tendon. After adequate debridement, the 11 @entity1 underwent bipedicled fasciocutaneous @entity1912 placement to resurface the complex soft tissue defects and provide a gliding surface for the exposed Achilles tendon. The @entity1 ' age, comorbidity, etiology, defect size and location, wound culture, skin graft size, complications, surgery duration, and follow-up period were reviewed. The 11 fasciocutaneous bipedicled flaps survived completely, and the wounds healed satisfactorily at a mean follow-up period of 20.9 months (range, 6-48 months). Only 1 @entity1912 was complicated with wound dehiscence and superficial @entity39 of its lateral edge, which healed conservatively. The donor sites were covered with split-thickness skin grafts and healed well without complications. The bipedicled fasciocutaneous @entity1912 is a reliable @entity1912 for coverage of defects overlying the Achilles tendon, especially in @entity1 with vascular problems and/or elderly @entity1 . The ease of handling, short operative time, and early recovery of mobilization function are of great benefit to @entity1 . Thus, the bipedicled fasciocutaneous @entity1912 can be a valuable alternative for defect reconstructions overlying the Achilles tendon, with satisfactory results both functionally and cosmetically.

title: Bipedicled XXXX for the Reconstruction of Soft Tissue Defects of the Achilles Tendon.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: Two series of @entity1 admitted to the hospital after a @entity542 were collected in two different periods (1985 and 1989) in a regional hospital with a 24-hour computed tomography (CT) service, but without a neurosurgical unit. In 1988, a regional protocol on the management of @entity1 with @entity542 (based on the presence of skull @entity174 in adults and on clinical parameters in @entity1 ) was adopted. There was a 21% reduction in hospital admission in adults, and the number of skull x-ray films performed in @entity1 decreased significantly (p < 0.01). A more liberal use of CT examinations in asymptomatic @entity1 with skull @entity174 produced an earlier identification of @entity1 with extradural @entity1410 who were sent to neurosurgery before clinical deterioration with good results. Detection of cerebral contusions was clinically less important. Based on the availability of CT scanners in our area and on the results of our study, we have proposed new guidelines in management of @entity542 . The CT scans are obtained in @entity1 with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of 13 or less. Skull x-ray films are obtained in @entity1 older than 10 years with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of 14/15. If a @entity174 is found, the @entity1 is sent to the nearest regional center for CT examinations. @entity1 younger than 10 years are sent to a regional hospital with 24-hour CT availability for clinical observation or other indicated studies.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX : a regional multicenter approach in Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['minor head injury']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['minor head injury']


abstract: The hospital records of 78 @entity1 who underwent surgical therapy for @entity364 of the central nervous system (CNS) between 1964 and 1984 are summarized. Nine different fungal types were identified, but @entity8662 and @entity1327 accounted for most (67.1%) of the @entity281 . A variety of clinical syndromes were seen, including chronic @entity693 (45 @entity1 ), intracranial mass lesions (12 @entity1 ), and communicating @entity1276 (six @entity1 ). Thirteen @entity1 had @entity364 , and two presented with spinal involvement. Delays in diagnosis were frequent and ranged from 2 months to 11 years. In 31 @entity1 the CNS lesion was the first indication of a @entity364 , and lesion biopsy or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination confirmed the diagnosis. A total of 144 surgical procedures were carried out, including lesion biopsy or excision in 13 @entity1 , primary CSF shunting in 22, and placement of an Ommaya reservoir for administration of intraventricular or intracisternal antifungal agents in 48. All @entity1 received parenteral and, in some cases, intrathecal or oral antifungal chemotherapy in addition to surgical therapy. Overall mortality was 43.6% (34 deaths). With prompt diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate was 39% whereas, when appropriate treatment was delayed, the mortality rate was 64%. An additional 14 surviving @entity1 (17.9%) exhibited permanent morbidity due to @entity51 , @entity302 , or @entity8 following treatment with @entity2379 . The combined mortality and morbidity rate was 62.8%. Clinical symptoms were resolved completely in 29 @entity1 , although in 10 evidence of disease persisted and chemotherapy was continued. @entity364 of the CNS are being recognized with increased frequency. It is suggested that a high index of suspicion, aggressive attempts to obtain a diagnosis, and early and vigorous therapy may reduce the unfortunate outcome seen in a relatively high proportion of @entity1 with CNS @entity364 .

title: Surgical treatment for XXXX in the central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['basal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infections', 'fungal infections', 'fungal infection', 'rhinocerebral forms of fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorders']

entities_list: @entity8662 :: ('5501', 'Species') :: ['Coccidioides immitis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 associated with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) often leads @entity1 to seek and complete total knee arthroplasty (TKA). To date, few studies have evaluated the relation of functional impairment to the risk of TKA, despite the fact that @entity571 is associated with functional impairment. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The purpose of our study was to (1) evaluate whether function as measured by WOMAC physical function subscale was associated with undergoing TKA; and (2) whether any such association varied by sex. METHODS: The National Institutes of Health-funded Multicenter @entity571 Study (MOST) is an observational cohort study of @entity1 aged 50 to 79  years with or at high risk of symptomatic knee @entity571 who were recruited from the community.  All eligible subjects with complete data were included in this analysis. Our study population sample consisted of 2946 @entity1 with 5796 knees; 1776 (60%) of @entity1 were @entity1 . We performed a repeated-measures analysis using baseline WOMAC physical function score to predict the risk of TKA from baseline to 30  months and WOMAC score at 30  months to predict risk of incident TKA from 30  months to 60  months. We used generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation between two knees within an individual and across the two periods. We calculated relative risk (RR) of TKA over 30  months by WOMAC function using a score of 0 to 5 as the referent in multiple binomial regressions with log link. RESULTS: Those with the greatest functional impairment (WOMAC scores 40-68; 62 TKAs in 462 knee periods) had 15.5 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6-31.8; p  <  0.001) the risk of undergoing TKA over 30  months compared with the referent group (12 TKAs in 3604 knee periods), adjusting for basic covariates, and 5.9 times (95% CI, 2.8-12.5; p  <  0.001) the risk after further adjusting for knee @entity158 severity. At every level of functional limitation, the RR for TKA for @entity1 was higher than for @entity1 , but interaction with sex did not reach significance after adjustment for covariates including @entity158 (p  =  0.138). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline physical function appears to be an important element in @entity1 considering TKA. Future studies should examine whether interventions to improve function can reduce the need for TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, observational cohort study.

title: Functional Impairment Is a Risk Factor for Knee Replacement in the Multicenter XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'ipsilateral pain', 'Debilitating pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity995 is evolving, but it is still a therapeutic challenge for pediatric oncologists. Polo-like kinases (PLKs) plays an important role in cell cycle events. They play a crucial role in cell proliferation which may lead to @entity5 formation. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of @entity9370 and @entity17861 proteins in @entity1 @entity995 tissues. DESIGN: Non-randomized, prospective study was performed in the Dr R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. @entity1 : This study included 74 primary enucleated @entity995 tissues. METHODS: Expression of @entity9370 and @entity17861 protein were assessed in primary enucleated @entity995 tissues by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of @entity9370 and @entity17861 protein were correlated with clinical and histopathological parameters, @entity5 staging and overall survival of @entity1 . RESULTS: Immunohistochemical results revealed expression of @entity9370 in 47/74 (63.51%) cases and @entity17861 in 31/74 (41.89%) cases. Western blotting confirmed the immunoreactivity results. Expression of @entity9370 showed correlation with poor differentiation and @entity5 invasion. In addition, @entity9370 was statistically significant with massive @entity3 , whereas @entity17861 did not correlate with any of the clinical or histopathological parameters. There was no statistical correlation in the overall survival of @entity1 with @entity9370 and @entity17861 expression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9370 expression was associated with poor @entity5 differentiation and histopathological high-risk factors. These proteins may be involved in tumorigenesis and progression of disease. These results suggest that @entity9370 may act as a potential therapeutic target and a promising marker for developing potent small molecule inhibitors of PLK isoforms in @entity995 .

title: Prognostic significance of polo-like kinases in XXXX : correlation with @entity1 outcome, clinical and histopathological parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal invasion']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity995 is evolving, but it is still a therapeutic challenge for pediatric oncologists. Polo-like kinases (PLKs) plays an important role in cell cycle events. They play a crucial role in cell proliferation which may lead to @entity5 formation. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of @entity9370 and @entity17861 proteins in @entity1 @entity995 tissues. DESIGN: Non-randomized, prospective study was performed in the Dr R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. @entity1 : This study included 74 primary enucleated @entity995 tissues. METHODS: Expression of @entity9370 and @entity17861 protein were assessed in primary enucleated @entity995 tissues by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of @entity9370 and @entity17861 protein were correlated with clinical and histopathological parameters, @entity5 staging and overall survival of @entity1 . RESULTS: Immunohistochemical results revealed expression of @entity9370 in 47/74 (63.51%) cases and @entity17861 in 31/74 (41.89%) cases. Western blotting confirmed the immunoreactivity results. Expression of @entity9370 showed correlation with poor differentiation and @entity5 invasion. In addition, @entity9370 was statistically significant with massive @entity3 , whereas @entity17861 did not correlate with any of the clinical or histopathological parameters. There was no statistical correlation in the overall survival of @entity1 with @entity9370 and @entity17861 expression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9370 expression was associated with poor @entity5 differentiation and histopathological high-risk factors. These proteins may be involved in tumorigenesis and progression of disease. These results suggest that @entity9370 may act as a potential therapeutic target and a promising marker for developing potent small molecule inhibitors of PLK isoforms in @entity995 .

title: Prognostic significance of polo-like kinases in @entity995 : correlation with XXXX outcome, clinical and histopathological parameters.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abnormalities in GABAergic interneurons, particularly fast-spiking interneurons (FSINs) that generate gamma (y;    30-120  Hz) oscillations, are hypothesized to disrupt prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent cognition in @entity161 . Although y rhythms are abnormal in @entity161 , it remains unclear whether they directly influence cognition. Mechanisms underlying @entity161 's typical post-adolescent onset  also remain elusive. We addressed these issues using @entity19 heterozygous for @entity69963 , which regulate GABAergic interneuron development. In @entity69963 (+/-) @entity19 , FSINs become abnormal following adolescence, coinciding with the onset of @entity73 and @entity14978 . Inhibiting PFC interneurons in control @entity19 reproduced these deficits, whereas stimulating them at y-frequencies restored @entity73 in adult @entity26308 /6(+/-) @entity19 . These pro-cognitive effects were frequency specific and persistent. These findings elucidate a mechanism whereby abnormal FSIN development may contribute to the post-adolescent onset of @entity161 endophenotypes. Furthermore, they demonstrate a causal, potentially therapeutic, role for PFC interneuron-driven y oscillations in cognitive domains at the core of @entity161 . VIDEO ABSTRACT.

title: Gamma Rhythms Link Prefrontal Interneuron Dysfunction with Cognitive Inflexibility in XXXX /6(+/-) @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive flexibility', 'cognitive inflexibility']

entities_list: @entity14978 :: ('MESH:C566973', 'Disease') :: ['deficient task-evoked y oscillations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity26308 :: (13395(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Dlx5']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abnormalities in GABAergic interneurons, particularly fast-spiking interneurons (FSINs) that generate gamma (y;    30-120  Hz) oscillations, are hypothesized to disrupt prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent cognition in @entity161 . Although y rhythms are abnormal in @entity161 , it remains unclear whether they directly influence cognition. Mechanisms underlying @entity161 's typical post-adolescent onset  also remain elusive. We addressed these issues using @entity19 heterozygous for @entity69963 , which regulate GABAergic interneuron development. In @entity69963 (+/-) @entity19 , FSINs become abnormal following adolescence, coinciding with the onset of @entity73 and @entity14978 . Inhibiting PFC interneurons in control @entity19 reproduced these deficits, whereas stimulating them at y-frequencies restored @entity73 in adult @entity26308 /6(+/-) @entity19 . These pro-cognitive effects were frequency specific and persistent. These findings elucidate a mechanism whereby abnormal FSIN development may contribute to the post-adolescent onset of @entity161 endophenotypes. Furthermore, they demonstrate a causal, potentially therapeutic, role for PFC interneuron-driven y oscillations in cognitive domains at the core of @entity161 . VIDEO ABSTRACT.

title: Gamma Rhythms Link Prefrontal Interneuron Dysfunction with Cognitive Inflexibility in @entity26308 /6(+/-) XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: @entity1239 evokes the release of @entity2661 from perfused cat adrenal glands in a concentration-dependent manner, the median effective concentration for @entity1239 being 5 microM. Two 2 min pulses of 5 microM- @entity1239 , 40 min apart (S1 and S2) gave net @entity2922 outputs of 7.64 and 3.55 micrograms/8 min, respectively. The ratio S2/S1 in control glands was 0.5. Increasing concentrations of @entity3826 (1-10 microM) markedly inhibited @entity2922 release during the second @entity1239 pulse (S2). At 1 microM- @entity3826 , the release during S2 was significantly reduced to 16% of S1; with 10 microM- @entity3826 , the secretory response was reduced further to only 3% of S1, the ratio S2/S1 being 0.03. The presence of @entity1767 , @entity3216 or @entity71661 (each 0.5 microM) during S2, completely reversed the inhibition of @entity2922 release produced by @entity3826 . @entity1767 itself increased the nicotinic secretory response during S2; so, while the ratio S2/S1 was 0.5 in control conditions, this ratio increased significantly to 0.95 if @entity1767 (0.5 microM) was present during S2, suggesting that the presence of this dopaminergic antagonist removed a negative feed-back mechanism that inhibits @entity1239 -evoked @entity2922 release. If present during S2, @entity935 (1 microM) also markedly inhibited @entity2922 release evoked by @entity1239 ; this inhibition was again reversed by 0.5 microM- @entity1767 . Neither the opiate antagonist @entity1510 nor the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent @entity5521 (at concentrations of 0.5-5 microM) affected the inhibition by @entity3826 of the secretory response to @entity1239 . These data strongly suggest that the cat adrenal medulla chromaffin cell membrane contains a dopaminergic receptor which modulates the @entity2922 secretory process triggered by stimulation of the nicotinic cholinoceptor. The fact that @entity935 is released in measurable amounts, together with adrenaline and @entity1063 , from perfused cat adrenal glands in response to nicotinic stimulation (V. Ce  a, unpublished results), favours a role for this dopaminergic receptor in modulating @entity2922 release from the chromaffin cell.

title: A dopaminergic receptor modulates XXXX release from the cat adrenal gland.

entities_list: @entity71661 :: ('MESH:C016938', 'Chemical') :: ['picobenzide']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol', 'Haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relations between established cardiovascular risk factors and total @entity1255 (tHcy) in plasma. DESIGN: Health examination survey by the Norwegian Health Screening Service in 1992 and 1993. SETTING: General community, Hordaland County of Western Norway. @entity1 : A total of 7591 @entity1 and 8585 @entity1 , 40 to 67 years of age, with no history of @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity301 , or @entity66 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Plasma tHcy level. RESULTS: The level of plasma tHcy was higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 and increased with age. In subjects 40 to 42 years old, geometric means were 10.8 mumol/L for 5918 @entity1 and 9.1 mumol/L for 6348 @entity1 . At age 65 to 67 years, the corresponding tHcy values were 12.3 mumol/L (1386 @entity1 ) and 11.0 mumol/L (1932 @entity1 ). Plasma tHcy level increased markedly with the daily number of cigarettes smoked in all age groups. Its relation to smoking was particularly strong in @entity1 . The combined effect of age, sex, and smoking was striking. Heavy-smoking @entity1 aged 65 to 67 years had a mean tHcy level 4.8 mumol/L higher than never-smoking @entity1 aged 40 to 42 years. Plasma tHcy level also was positively related to total @entity165 level, blood pressure, and heart rate and inversely related to physical activity. The relations were not substantially changed by multivariate adjustment, including intake of vitamin supplements, fruits, and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated plasma tHcy level was associated with major components of the cardiovascular risk profile, ie, male sex, old age, smoking, high blood pressure, elevated @entity165 level, and lack of exercise. These findings should influence future studies on the etiology and pathogenesis of @entity65 .

title: Total plasma XXXX and cardiovascular risk profile. The Hordaland @entity1255 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relations between established cardiovascular risk factors and total @entity1255 (tHcy) in plasma. DESIGN: Health examination survey by the Norwegian Health Screening Service in 1992 and 1993. SETTING: General community, Hordaland County of Western Norway. @entity1 : A total of 7591 @entity1 and 8585 @entity1 , 40 to 67 years of age, with no history of @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity301 , or @entity66 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Plasma tHcy level. RESULTS: The level of plasma tHcy was higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 and increased with age. In subjects 40 to 42 years old, geometric means were 10.8 mumol/L for 5918 @entity1 and 9.1 mumol/L for 6348 @entity1 . At age 65 to 67 years, the corresponding tHcy values were 12.3 mumol/L (1386 @entity1 ) and 11.0 mumol/L (1932 @entity1 ). Plasma tHcy level increased markedly with the daily number of cigarettes smoked in all age groups. Its relation to smoking was particularly strong in @entity1 . The combined effect of age, sex, and smoking was striking. Heavy-smoking @entity1 aged 65 to 67 years had a mean tHcy level 4.8 mumol/L higher than never-smoking @entity1 aged 40 to 42 years. Plasma tHcy level also was positively related to total @entity165 level, blood pressure, and heart rate and inversely related to physical activity. The relations were not substantially changed by multivariate adjustment, including intake of vitamin supplements, fruits, and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated plasma tHcy level was associated with major components of the cardiovascular risk profile, ie, male sex, old age, smoking, high blood pressure, elevated @entity165 level, and lack of exercise. These findings should influence future studies on the etiology and pathogenesis of @entity65 .

title: Total plasma @entity1255 and cardiovascular risk profile. The Hordaland XXXX Study.

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['Homocysteine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgical excision is the definitive treatment for localized recurrence of @entity3557 . Reoperation for recurrence, however, is challenging and associated with increased operative times and complication rates. For safe and effective reoperation, ultrasound-guided charcoal tattooing localization can be used. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of the ultrasound-guided charcoal tattooing localization. METHODS: Between November 2012 and August 2013, ten @entity1 underwent preoperative charcoal tattooing localization for twelve recurrent lesions. @entity1 demographics, pathologic features, and operation results were reviewed. RESULTS: The technical success rate of charcoal tattooing was 100%. Eight @entity1 had one recurrent lesion, and two @entity1 had double lesions. Among these 12 recurrent lesions, three (25%) were found in level II, four (33%) in level IV, four (33%) in level VI, and one (8%) was found in the thyroidectomy bed site. The mean size of lesions was 0.87    0.35 cm. Of these 10 @entity1 , eight @entity1 underwent selective lymph node dissection, one @entity1 underwent modified radical neck dissection, and one @entity1 underwent recurrent mass excision. Transient @entity3747 developed in one @entity1 , and no recurrent @entity3746 occurred. There were no major complications related to the injection of the charcoal. The mean follow-up period after reoperation was 8.6    2.7 months; in the follow-up ultrasound, there were no remnant lesions in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Preoperative ultrasound-guided charcoal tattooing localization for recurrent @entity259 appears to be a feasible and safe procedure for reoperation. Further evaluation is warranted in larger @entity1 ' cohorts.

title: Role of charcoal tattooing in localization of recurred XXXX : initial experiences.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: We evaluated the ability of spectral-domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to differentiate @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) from glaucomatous cupping in eyes with intraocular pressure (IOP) within the normal range. We prospectively enrolled @entity1 with @entity726 or presumed @entity1781 . @entity1 had optic discs with confirmed or suspected @entity16 (defined as a vertical cup-to-disc ratio>= 0.6), and all eyes had known untreated IOP<21 mmHg. For @entity735 , a reproducible glaucomatous @entity227 was required. @entity1781 eyes required normal VF and no evidence of progressive @entity16 (follow-up>= 30 months). Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thicknesses were obtained using SD-OCT. For all studied parameters of pRNFL and GCC thicknesses, eyes with @entity726 (n=36) had significantly thinner values compared to eyes with @entity1781 (n=71; P<0.05 for all comparisons). In addition, pRNFL parameters had sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 83.1%, and GCC parameters had sensitivity of 61.2% and specificity of 81.7%. The combination of the two analyses increased the sensitivity to 80.6%. In conclusion, while evaluating @entity1 with large optic disc cupping and IOP in the statistically normal range, SD-OCT had only limited diagnostic ability to differentiate those with and without @entity726 . Although the diagnostic ability of the pRNFL and the GCC scans were similar, these parameters yielded an increase in sensitivity when combined, suggesting that both parameters could be considered simultaneously in these cases.

title: Eyes with large disc cupping and normal intraocular pressure: using optical coherence tomography to discriminate those with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field (VF) defect']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous neuropathy', 'glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['LPC', 'large physiological optic disc cupping']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: The Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery undertook a pilot study of treatment for @entity2867 in a cooperative setting. The treatment consisted of @entity900 40 mg/m2 drip intravenous infusion (div), day 1, @entity632 60 mg/m2 iv, day 1, etoposide 100 mg/m2/day div, days 1-3, @entity6030 5 mg/body/day sc, days 1-5 and @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) 2 micrograms/kg/day sc, days 6-14. This was scheduled to be repeated every 3 weeks. Local radiation therapy was added for @entity1 in whom it was indicated. A total of 17 @entity1 (mean age, 66 yr) were enrolled. Ten @entity1 had @entity1442 with measurable lesions and 2 @entity1 experienced partial remission lasting 2 and 3 months, respectively. Six of 7 @entity1 were treated with the same modality of treatment as an adjuvant. Three died of progressive disease after 3-7 months and three others have survived for 3-11 months. The @entity137 of the chemotherapy were mainly bone marrow suppression, despite @entity1261 support. Transient @entity409 was also noticed. These results indicate that this combined a treatment can be given to @entity1 with acceptable @entity137 . The degree of @entity1431 was greater than expected, partly due to the advanced age of the @entity1 and the low dose of @entity1261 . In addition, 8 available thyroid specimens were examined for the @entity1262 gene and @entity1262 , but all were negative. Further study of @entity2867 by this cooperative group will be carried out.

title: Intensive chemotherapy for @entity2867 : combination of XXXX , @entity632 , etoposide and @entity6030 with granulocyte @entity1261 support. Chemotherapy Committee, The Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6030 :: ('MESH:D017663', 'Chemical') :: ['peplomycin']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery undertook a pilot study of treatment for @entity2867 in a cooperative setting. The treatment consisted of @entity900 40 mg/m2 drip intravenous infusion (div), day 1, @entity632 60 mg/m2 iv, day 1, etoposide 100 mg/m2/day div, days 1-3, @entity6030 5 mg/body/day sc, days 1-5 and @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) 2 micrograms/kg/day sc, days 6-14. This was scheduled to be repeated every 3 weeks. Local radiation therapy was added for @entity1 in whom it was indicated. A total of 17 @entity1 (mean age, 66 yr) were enrolled. Ten @entity1 had @entity1442 with measurable lesions and 2 @entity1 experienced partial remission lasting 2 and 3 months, respectively. Six of 7 @entity1 were treated with the same modality of treatment as an adjuvant. Three died of progressive disease after 3-7 months and three others have survived for 3-11 months. The @entity137 of the chemotherapy were mainly bone marrow suppression, despite @entity1261 support. Transient @entity409 was also noticed. These results indicate that this combined a treatment can be given to @entity1 with acceptable @entity137 . The degree of @entity1431 was greater than expected, partly due to the advanced age of the @entity1 and the low dose of @entity1261 . In addition, 8 available thyroid specimens were examined for the @entity1262 gene and @entity1262 , but all were negative. Further study of @entity2867 by this cooperative group will be carried out.

title: Intensive chemotherapy for XXXX : combination of @entity900 , @entity632 , etoposide and @entity6030 with granulocyte @entity1261 support. Chemotherapy Committee, The Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery.

answer: @entity2867 :: (MESH:D065646,Disease) :: ['anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: The Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery undertook a pilot study of treatment for @entity2867 in a cooperative setting. The treatment consisted of @entity900 40 mg/m2 drip intravenous infusion (div), day 1, @entity632 60 mg/m2 iv, day 1, etoposide 100 mg/m2/day div, days 1-3, @entity6030 5 mg/body/day sc, days 1-5 and @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) 2 micrograms/kg/day sc, days 6-14. This was scheduled to be repeated every 3 weeks. Local radiation therapy was added for @entity1 in whom it was indicated. A total of 17 @entity1 (mean age, 66 yr) were enrolled. Ten @entity1 had @entity1442 with measurable lesions and 2 @entity1 experienced partial remission lasting 2 and 3 months, respectively. Six of 7 @entity1 were treated with the same modality of treatment as an adjuvant. Three died of progressive disease after 3-7 months and three others have survived for 3-11 months. The @entity137 of the chemotherapy were mainly bone marrow suppression, despite @entity1261 support. Transient @entity409 was also noticed. These results indicate that this combined a treatment can be given to @entity1 with acceptable @entity137 . The degree of @entity1431 was greater than expected, partly due to the advanced age of the @entity1 and the low dose of @entity1261 . In addition, 8 available thyroid specimens were examined for the @entity1262 gene and @entity1262 , but all were negative. Further study of @entity2867 by this cooperative group will be carried out.

title: Intensive chemotherapy for @entity2867 : combination of @entity900 , XXXX , etoposide and @entity6030 with granulocyte @entity1261 support. Chemotherapy Committee, The Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery.

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: The Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery undertook a pilot study of treatment for @entity2867 in a cooperative setting. The treatment consisted of @entity900 40 mg/m2 drip intravenous infusion (div), day 1, @entity632 60 mg/m2 iv, day 1, etoposide 100 mg/m2/day div, days 1-3, @entity6030 5 mg/body/day sc, days 1-5 and @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) 2 micrograms/kg/day sc, days 6-14. This was scheduled to be repeated every 3 weeks. Local radiation therapy was added for @entity1 in whom it was indicated. A total of 17 @entity1 (mean age, 66 yr) were enrolled. Ten @entity1 had @entity1442 with measurable lesions and 2 @entity1 experienced partial remission lasting 2 and 3 months, respectively. Six of 7 @entity1 were treated with the same modality of treatment as an adjuvant. Three died of progressive disease after 3-7 months and three others have survived for 3-11 months. The @entity137 of the chemotherapy were mainly bone marrow suppression, despite @entity1261 support. Transient @entity409 was also noticed. These results indicate that this combined a treatment can be given to @entity1 with acceptable @entity137 . The degree of @entity1431 was greater than expected, partly due to the advanced age of the @entity1 and the low dose of @entity1261 . In addition, 8 available thyroid specimens were examined for the @entity1262 gene and @entity1262 , but all were negative. Further study of @entity2867 by this cooperative group will be carried out.

title: Intensive chemotherapy for @entity2867 : combination of @entity900 , @entity632 , etoposide and @entity6030 with granulocyte XXXX support. Chemotherapy Committee, The Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery.

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: The Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery undertook a pilot study of treatment for @entity2867 in a cooperative setting. The treatment consisted of @entity900 40 mg/m2 drip intravenous infusion (div), day 1, @entity632 60 mg/m2 iv, day 1, etoposide 100 mg/m2/day div, days 1-3, @entity6030 5 mg/body/day sc, days 1-5 and @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) 2 micrograms/kg/day sc, days 6-14. This was scheduled to be repeated every 3 weeks. Local radiation therapy was added for @entity1 in whom it was indicated. A total of 17 @entity1 (mean age, 66 yr) were enrolled. Ten @entity1 had @entity1442 with measurable lesions and 2 @entity1 experienced partial remission lasting 2 and 3 months, respectively. Six of 7 @entity1 were treated with the same modality of treatment as an adjuvant. Three died of progressive disease after 3-7 months and three others have survived for 3-11 months. The @entity137 of the chemotherapy were mainly bone marrow suppression, despite @entity1261 support. Transient @entity409 was also noticed. These results indicate that this combined a treatment can be given to @entity1 with acceptable @entity137 . The degree of @entity1431 was greater than expected, partly due to the advanced age of the @entity1 and the low dose of @entity1261 . In addition, 8 available thyroid specimens were examined for the @entity1262 gene and @entity1262 , but all were negative. Further study of @entity2867 by this cooperative group will be carried out.

title: Intensive chemotherapy for @entity2867 : combination of @entity900 , @entity632 , etoposide and XXXX with granulocyte @entity1261 support. Chemotherapy Committee, The Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery.

answer: @entity6030 :: (MESH:D017663,Chemical) :: ['peplomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the effects on clinical and biochemical parameters of @entity6374 -containing probiotic supplementation adjunctive to initial periodontal therapy in @entity1 with @entity7278 ( @entity7278 ). METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity7278 were included and divided into two groups. Every @entity1 had, in each quadrant, >= 2 teeth each with approximal sites with a @entity92 ( @entity92 ) of 5 to 7 mm and gingival index (GI) of >= 2. The test group received scaling and root planing (SRP) and probiotic-containing lozenges. The control group received SRP and placebo lozenges. Plaque index (PI), GI, @entity548 on probing (BOP), @entity92 , and @entity1017 were measured. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was sampled for the analysis of @entity5952 and @entity2843 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All evaluations were performed at baseline and on days 21, 90, 180, and 360. RESULTS: Differences in intergroup comparisons of PI, GI, BOP, and @entity92 were found to be significant (P <0.05) in favor of the test group at all time points. Decreased GCF @entity5952 levels and increased @entity2843 levels were found to be significant up to day 180 (P <0.05). Mean values of @entity1017 were significantly higher in the test group compared with the control group on days 90, 180, and 360. CONCLUSIONS: Lozenges containing @entity6374 may be a useful supplement in moderately deep pockets of @entity1 with @entity7278 . Low @entity5952 and high @entity2843 levels may indicate the role of the lozenges in reduction of inflammation-associated markers up to day 180.

title: Clinical and Biochemical Evaluation of Lozenges Containing XXXX as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in @entity7278 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity6374 :: ('1598', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus reuteri', 'L. reuteri']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1', 'TIMP-1']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['attachment gain']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity5952 :: ('4317', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8', 'MMP-8']

answer: @entity6374 :: (1598,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus reuteri']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the effects on clinical and biochemical parameters of @entity6374 -containing probiotic supplementation adjunctive to initial periodontal therapy in @entity1 with @entity7278 ( @entity7278 ). METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity7278 were included and divided into two groups. Every @entity1 had, in each quadrant, >= 2 teeth each with approximal sites with a @entity92 ( @entity92 ) of 5 to 7 mm and gingival index (GI) of >= 2. The test group received scaling and root planing (SRP) and probiotic-containing lozenges. The control group received SRP and placebo lozenges. Plaque index (PI), GI, @entity548 on probing (BOP), @entity92 , and @entity1017 were measured. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was sampled for the analysis of @entity5952 and @entity2843 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All evaluations were performed at baseline and on days 21, 90, 180, and 360. RESULTS: Differences in intergroup comparisons of PI, GI, BOP, and @entity92 were found to be significant (P <0.05) in favor of the test group at all time points. Decreased GCF @entity5952 levels and increased @entity2843 levels were found to be significant up to day 180 (P <0.05). Mean values of @entity1017 were significantly higher in the test group compared with the control group on days 90, 180, and 360. CONCLUSIONS: Lozenges containing @entity6374 may be a useful supplement in moderately deep pockets of @entity1 with @entity7278 . Low @entity5952 and high @entity2843 levels may indicate the role of the lozenges in reduction of inflammation-associated markers up to day 180.

title: Clinical and Biochemical Evaluation of Lozenges Containing @entity6374 as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['Chronic Periodontitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: A. fumigatus infections represent a major threat for @entity1 with a suppressed immune system. Early diagnosis is of importance for a favorable outcome but appears to be difficult due to limited diagnostic procedures. Here we investigated the sensitivity of high-resolution ultrasound (HRU) for the detection of A. fumigatus infection in the liver. Materials and Methods: BALB/c @entity19 were intravenously infected with A. fumigatus and monitored by HRU, Doppler sonography (CCDS), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and real-time strain color-coded elastography (CCE) using a multi-frequency probe (6-15MHz). Contrast media bolus injection of @entity9809 micro-bubbles was applied and digital cine-loops from the arterial phase, as well as the portal venous phase up to the late phase of the whole liver were analyzed. All data were correlated to the histopathological findings. Results: Using HRU and CEUS, a sonic shadow was detected in all infected animals. All @entity54 -infected nodes from 3-6mm in the liver showed a shadow with rim enhancement and no intranodal enhancement when using CEUS.A. fumigatus infection was confirmed by CFU assessment and histopathological analysis. @entity738 were not associated with shadowing on B-mode. In contrast, @entity738 with a diameter above 5mm and a higher stiffness in CCE generated particularly an arterial rim enhancement and portal venous washout without contrast media uptake in the late phase. In addition, CEUS was able to define dynamic capillary microvascularization of infected liver areas. Conclusion: Liver lesions associated with A. fumigatus infection can be detected in @entity19 when combined with CEUS and CCE in vivo.

title: High-Resolution Ultrasound Including Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) for the Detection of Gas Formation during XXXX Infection in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomas', 'granulomas']

entities_list: @entity9809 :: ('MESH:D013459', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur-hexafluoride']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus Fumigatus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: A. fumigatus infections represent a major threat for @entity1 with a suppressed immune system. Early diagnosis is of importance for a favorable outcome but appears to be difficult due to limited diagnostic procedures. Here we investigated the sensitivity of high-resolution ultrasound (HRU) for the detection of A. fumigatus infection in the liver. Materials and Methods: BALB/c @entity19 were intravenously infected with A. fumigatus and monitored by HRU, Doppler sonography (CCDS), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and real-time strain color-coded elastography (CCE) using a multi-frequency probe (6-15MHz). Contrast media bolus injection of @entity9809 micro-bubbles was applied and digital cine-loops from the arterial phase, as well as the portal venous phase up to the late phase of the whole liver were analyzed. All data were correlated to the histopathological findings. Results: Using HRU and CEUS, a sonic shadow was detected in all infected animals. All @entity54 -infected nodes from 3-6mm in the liver showed a shadow with rim enhancement and no intranodal enhancement when using CEUS.A. fumigatus infection was confirmed by CFU assessment and histopathological analysis. @entity738 were not associated with shadowing on B-mode. In contrast, @entity738 with a diameter above 5mm and a higher stiffness in CCE generated particularly an arterial rim enhancement and portal venous washout without contrast media uptake in the late phase. In addition, CEUS was able to define dynamic capillary microvascularization of infected liver areas. Conclusion: Liver lesions associated with A. fumigatus infection can be detected in @entity19 when combined with CEUS and CCE in vivo.

title: High-Resolution Ultrasound Including Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) for the Detection of Gas Formation during @entity54 Infection in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe utilization of 3% @entity4372 ( @entity4372 ) in hospitalized @entity1 and to evaluate the association between @entity4372 use and length of stay (LOS) in a real-world setting. STUDY DESIGN: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included @entity1 <=12 months hospitalized with @entity5924 between October 2008 and September 2011 using the Pediatric Health Information System. @entity4372 use was categorized as trial, rescue, daily, or sporadic. Differences in LOS were compared after matching daily @entity4372 recipients and nonrecipients on propensity score. RESULTS: There were 63,337 hospitalizations for @entity5924 . @entity4372 was used in 24 of 42 hospitals and 2.9% of all hospitalizations. @entity4372 use increased from 0.4% of visits in 2008 to 9.2% of visits in 2011. There was substantial variation in @entity4372 use across hospitals (range 0.1%-32.6%). When used, @entity4372 was given daily during 60.6% of hospitalizations, sporadically in 10.4%, as a trial in 11.3%, and as a rescue in 17.7%. The propensity score-matched analysis of daily @entity4372 recipients (n=953) vs nonrecipients (n=953) showed no difference in mean LOS ( @entity4372 2.3 days vs nonrecipients 2.5 days; b-coefficient -0.04; 95% CI -0.15, 0.07; P=.5) or odds of staying longer than 1, 2, or 3 days. Daily @entity4372 recipients had a 33% decreased odds of staying in the hospital>4 days compared with nonrecipients (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.47, 0.97; P=.03). CONCLUSIONS: Variation in @entity4372 use and the lack of association between @entity4372 and mean LOS demonstrates the need for further research to standardize @entity4372 use and better define the @entity1 for whom @entity4372 will be most beneficial.

title: Utilization of nebulized 3% saline in @entity1 hospitalized with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic saline', 'HTS']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

answer: @entity5924 :: (MESH:D001988,Disease) :: ['bronchiolitis']