abstract: In a multicenter study on the therapy of @entity978 , in 88 out of 297 @entity1 with primary advanced stages IIIB/IV, a failure to the treatment with the alternating chemotherapy COPP/ABVD +/- radiation was recorded. The cause of failure was as follows: @entity5 progression under current therapy ( @entity1726 ) 23/88, partial response at the end of therapy (PR) 28/88, early nodal relapses 13/88, late nodal relapses 16/88, extranodal relapses 7/88, undetermined localization 1/88.36 months after manifestation of the failure to treatment, 45% of all @entity1 were still alive. In cases of primary @entity1726 the prognosis was the worst of all. Only 1/23 of these @entity1 received a long-term continuous complete remission (cCR) with the salvage therapy. 11 @entity1 with only a nodal relapse received a cCR with irradiation alone. These cases could be regarded as low risk relapses. For the high risk relapse group (n = 57) an indication for high dose chemotherapy with subsequent autologous bone marrow transplantation (HDC/ABMT) would have been imperative, following the present-day definition. The probability of survival of these @entity1 who, however, only received a conventional salvage therapy was up to 38% (95% confidence interval 22-54%). Comparing these data with the literature our results seem not to be substantially worse than those for @entity1 who underwent HDC/ABMT. Only in a randomized comparison can the decision be made on whether HDC/ABMT would be superior to high dose conventional chemotherapy supported by hematopoietic growth factors. It is suggested that such a therapy study be performed as soon as possible.

title: Prognosis of high dose chemotherapy/autologous bone marrow transplantation candidates not receiving this treatment after failure of primary therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reviews demonstrate uncertainty about the effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in the management of @entity101 . No specific reviews in @entity6 have been identified. We have systematically reviewed the evidence for effectiveness of nurse-led interventions for @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, searches of Medline, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Trials register were undertaken to identify studies comparing any intervention conducted by nurses in managing @entity101 in @entity6 with usual doctor-led care. Additional citations were identified from papers retrieved and correspondence with authors. Outcome measures were absolute systolic and diastolic blood pressure, change in blood pressure, proportions achieving study target blood pressure and proportions prescribed anti- @entity101 medication. RESULTS:     Eleven studies were identified. Interventions included adoption of treatment algorithms, nurse-led clinics and nurse prescribing. Meta-analysis showed greater reductions in blood pressure in favour of any nurse-led interventions (systolic weighted mean difference -5.8 mmHg, 95% CI -9.6 to -2.0; diastolic weighted mean difference -4.2 mmHg, 95% CI -7.6 to -0.7) compared with usual doctor-led care. No overall superiority in achievement of study targets or in the use of medication was evident for any nurse-based interventions over doctor-led care. CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence for improved blood pressure outcomes with nurse-led interventions for @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity6 compared with doctor-led care. Nurse-based interventions require an algorithm to structure care and there is some preliminary evidence for better outcomes with nurse prescribing. Further work is needed to elucidate which nurse-led interventions are most effective.

title: Nurse-led interventions used to improve control of high blood pressure in @entity1 with XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reviews demonstrate uncertainty about the effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in the management of @entity101 . No specific reviews in @entity6 have been identified. We have systematically reviewed the evidence for effectiveness of nurse-led interventions for @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, searches of Medline, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Trials register were undertaken to identify studies comparing any intervention conducted by nurses in managing @entity101 in @entity6 with usual doctor-led care. Additional citations were identified from papers retrieved and correspondence with authors. Outcome measures were absolute systolic and diastolic blood pressure, change in blood pressure, proportions achieving study target blood pressure and proportions prescribed anti- @entity101 medication. RESULTS:     Eleven studies were identified. Interventions included adoption of treatment algorithms, nurse-led clinics and nurse prescribing. Meta-analysis showed greater reductions in blood pressure in favour of any nurse-led interventions (systolic weighted mean difference -5.8 mmHg, 95% CI -9.6 to -2.0; diastolic weighted mean difference -4.2 mmHg, 95% CI -7.6 to -0.7) compared with usual doctor-led care. No overall superiority in achievement of study targets or in the use of medication was evident for any nurse-based interventions over doctor-led care. CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence for improved blood pressure outcomes with nurse-led interventions for @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity6 compared with doctor-led care. Nurse-based interventions require an algorithm to structure care and there is some preliminary evidence for better outcomes with nurse prescribing. Further work is needed to elucidate which nurse-led interventions are most effective.

title: Nurse-led interventions used to improve control of high blood pressure in XXXX with @entity6 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Primary @entity1893 of the small and large bowel presenting as a perforated viscus entity with @entity298 is extremely rare. A thorough literature review did not reveal any cases where @entity706 of the jejunum presented with perforation and @entity298 synchronously with @entity706 of the descending colon. CASE PRESENTATION: This report concerns a 64-year-old Caucasian @entity1 admitted with severe @entity490 and @entity221 . An emergency laparotomy revealed a large mass with perforation in the proximal jejunum with intense mesenteric thickening and lymphadenopathy. The descending colon was @entity4 and covered with fibrinous exudate. Histopathological examination of the resected segment of jejunum revealed a T cell @entity1893 . On post-operative day 10, a computed tomography scan of our @entity1 's abdomen and pelvis showed leakage of contrast into the pelvis. Re-exploration revealed perforation of the descending colon. The histopathology of the resected colon also showed T cell @entity1893 . Her post-operative course was complicated by acute renal and @entity1576 . The @entity1 died on post-operative day 21. CONCLUSIONS: @entity706 has been reported to have a poor prognosis. The synchronous occurrence of lesions in the small intestine or colon is unusual, and impacts the prognosis adversely. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to improve the prognosis of @entity29 in @entity1 with @entity1893 .

title: Synchronous perforation of XXXX of the small intestine and colon: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoma of the small intestine', 'primary lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel perforation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: In this review it is concluded that @entity1955 (T4), @entity1954 (T3) and @entity1496 (KI), singly or in combination, are all effective in reducing the @entity5651 size, but there is insufficient evidence to prove which is the best (possibly the combination of T4 + KI?). Higher doses are more effective than smaller, but also lead to more side-effects. Thus, the optimal dose has yet to be found. The suppression of the @entity1374 plays a major role in the treatment of @entity137 , but it is not definite that this is the only mechanism responsible for the beneficial effect of the agents mentioned. In view of the lack of better evidence, it is simply suggested that @entity137 in young @entity1 should be initially treated aggressively with 200 micrograms of T4/day or more for some months. If the @entity5651 shrinks then the dose should be gradually decreased. If the @entity5651 persists, it is futile to continue with large doses for more than 6-12 months. One may continue with smaller doses, maintaining the serum TSH in the low-normal range. The treatment of benign thyroid nodules with @entity1955 is controversial. Probably @entity1955 is beneficial in about a third of the cases. For both @entity137 and nodules, autonomy should be excluded before starting @entity1955 treatment, and old age, @entity299 and a poor general condition are contraindications.

title: The medical treatment of XXXX : several questions remain.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['non-toxic goiter', 'non-toxic goiters']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary thyroid axis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['non-toxic goiter']


abstract: Various dietary @entity3363 have been linked to @entity28 and altered adipose metabolism; however, the influences of honey vs common sweeteners have not been fully explored. We hypothesized that in comparison with @entity969 , a honey-based diet would promote lower @entity1017 , @entity1386 , and related biomarkers (leptin, insulin, and adiponectin) as well as a better blood lipid profile. Thirty-six male @entity35 (228.1    12.5 g) were equally divided by weight into 2 groups (n = 18) and provided free access to 1 of 2 diets of equal energy densities differing only in a portion of the @entity1735 . Diets contained 20% @entity1735 (by weight of total diet) from either clover honey or @entity969 . After 33 days, epididymal fat pads were excised and weighed, and blood was collected for analyses of serum concentrations of lipids, @entity413 , and markers of @entity1386 and @entity32 . Body @entity1017 was 14.7% lower (P  <= .05) for @entity35 fed honey, corresponding to a 13.3% lower (P  <= .05) consumption of food/energy, whereas food efficiency ratios were nearly identical. Epididymal fat weight was 20.1% lower (P  <= .05) for @entity35 fed honey. Serum concentrations of @entity1674 and leptin were lower (P  <= .05) by 29.6% and 21.6%, respectively, and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 was higher (P  <= .05) by 16.8% for honey-fed @entity35 . No significant differences in serum total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , adiponectin, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, @entity413 , or insulin were detected. These results suggest that in comparison with @entity969 , honey may reduce @entity1017 and @entity1386 , presumably due to lower food intake, and promote lower serum @entity1674 but higher non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations.

title: Honey promotes lower @entity1017 , XXXX , and @entity1674 than @entity969 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['adiposity']


abstract: Various dietary @entity3363 have been linked to @entity28 and altered adipose metabolism; however, the influences of honey vs common sweeteners have not been fully explored. We hypothesized that in comparison with @entity969 , a honey-based diet would promote lower @entity1017 , @entity1386 , and related biomarkers (leptin, insulin, and adiponectin) as well as a better blood lipid profile. Thirty-six male @entity35 (228.1    12.5 g) were equally divided by weight into 2 groups (n = 18) and provided free access to 1 of 2 diets of equal energy densities differing only in a portion of the @entity1735 . Diets contained 20% @entity1735 (by weight of total diet) from either clover honey or @entity969 . After 33 days, epididymal fat pads were excised and weighed, and blood was collected for analyses of serum concentrations of lipids, @entity413 , and markers of @entity1386 and @entity32 . Body @entity1017 was 14.7% lower (P  <= .05) for @entity35 fed honey, corresponding to a 13.3% lower (P  <= .05) consumption of food/energy, whereas food efficiency ratios were nearly identical. Epididymal fat weight was 20.1% lower (P  <= .05) for @entity35 fed honey. Serum concentrations of @entity1674 and leptin were lower (P  <= .05) by 29.6% and 21.6%, respectively, and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 was higher (P  <= .05) by 16.8% for honey-fed @entity35 . No significant differences in serum total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , adiponectin, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, @entity413 , or insulin were detected. These results suggest that in comparison with @entity969 , honey may reduce @entity1017 and @entity1386 , presumably due to lower food intake, and promote lower serum @entity1674 but higher non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations.

title: Honey promotes lower @entity1017 , @entity1386 , and @entity1674 than @entity969 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Various dietary @entity3363 have been linked to @entity28 and altered adipose metabolism; however, the influences of honey vs common sweeteners have not been fully explored. We hypothesized that in comparison with @entity969 , a honey-based diet would promote lower @entity1017 , @entity1386 , and related biomarkers (leptin, insulin, and adiponectin) as well as a better blood lipid profile. Thirty-six male @entity35 (228.1    12.5 g) were equally divided by weight into 2 groups (n = 18) and provided free access to 1 of 2 diets of equal energy densities differing only in a portion of the @entity1735 . Diets contained 20% @entity1735 (by weight of total diet) from either clover honey or @entity969 . After 33 days, epididymal fat pads were excised and weighed, and blood was collected for analyses of serum concentrations of lipids, @entity413 , and markers of @entity1386 and @entity32 . Body @entity1017 was 14.7% lower (P  <= .05) for @entity35 fed honey, corresponding to a 13.3% lower (P  <= .05) consumption of food/energy, whereas food efficiency ratios were nearly identical. Epididymal fat weight was 20.1% lower (P  <= .05) for @entity35 fed honey. Serum concentrations of @entity1674 and leptin were lower (P  <= .05) by 29.6% and 21.6%, respectively, and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 was higher (P  <= .05) by 16.8% for honey-fed @entity35 . No significant differences in serum total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , adiponectin, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, @entity413 , or insulin were detected. These results suggest that in comparison with @entity969 , honey may reduce @entity1017 and @entity1386 , presumably due to lower food intake, and promote lower serum @entity1674 but higher non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations.

title: Honey promotes lower @entity1017 , @entity1386 , and @entity1674 than XXXX in @entity35 .

answer: @entity969 :: (MESH:D013395,Chemical) :: ['sucrose']


abstract: Various dietary @entity3363 have been linked to @entity28 and altered adipose metabolism; however, the influences of honey vs common sweeteners have not been fully explored. We hypothesized that in comparison with @entity969 , a honey-based diet would promote lower @entity1017 , @entity1386 , and related biomarkers (leptin, insulin, and adiponectin) as well as a better blood lipid profile. Thirty-six male @entity35 (228.1    12.5 g) were equally divided by weight into 2 groups (n = 18) and provided free access to 1 of 2 diets of equal energy densities differing only in a portion of the @entity1735 . Diets contained 20% @entity1735 (by weight of total diet) from either clover honey or @entity969 . After 33 days, epididymal fat pads were excised and weighed, and blood was collected for analyses of serum concentrations of lipids, @entity413 , and markers of @entity1386 and @entity32 . Body @entity1017 was 14.7% lower (P  <= .05) for @entity35 fed honey, corresponding to a 13.3% lower (P  <= .05) consumption of food/energy, whereas food efficiency ratios were nearly identical. Epididymal fat weight was 20.1% lower (P  <= .05) for @entity35 fed honey. Serum concentrations of @entity1674 and leptin were lower (P  <= .05) by 29.6% and 21.6%, respectively, and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 was higher (P  <= .05) by 16.8% for honey-fed @entity35 . No significant differences in serum total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , adiponectin, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, @entity413 , or insulin were detected. These results suggest that in comparison with @entity969 , honey may reduce @entity1017 and @entity1386 , presumably due to lower food intake, and promote lower serum @entity1674 but higher non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations.

title: Honey promotes lower @entity1017 , @entity1386 , and XXXX than @entity969 in @entity35 .

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: Various dietary @entity3363 have been linked to @entity28 and altered adipose metabolism; however, the influences of honey vs common sweeteners have not been fully explored. We hypothesized that in comparison with @entity969 , a honey-based diet would promote lower @entity1017 , @entity1386 , and related biomarkers (leptin, insulin, and adiponectin) as well as a better blood lipid profile. Thirty-six male @entity35 (228.1    12.5 g) were equally divided by weight into 2 groups (n = 18) and provided free access to 1 of 2 diets of equal energy densities differing only in a portion of the @entity1735 . Diets contained 20% @entity1735 (by weight of total diet) from either clover honey or @entity969 . After 33 days, epididymal fat pads were excised and weighed, and blood was collected for analyses of serum concentrations of lipids, @entity413 , and markers of @entity1386 and @entity32 . Body @entity1017 was 14.7% lower (P  <= .05) for @entity35 fed honey, corresponding to a 13.3% lower (P  <= .05) consumption of food/energy, whereas food efficiency ratios were nearly identical. Epididymal fat weight was 20.1% lower (P  <= .05) for @entity35 fed honey. Serum concentrations of @entity1674 and leptin were lower (P  <= .05) by 29.6% and 21.6%, respectively, and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 was higher (P  <= .05) by 16.8% for honey-fed @entity35 . No significant differences in serum total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , adiponectin, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, @entity413 , or insulin were detected. These results suggest that in comparison with @entity969 , honey may reduce @entity1017 and @entity1386 , presumably due to lower food intake, and promote lower serum @entity1674 but higher non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations.

title: Honey promotes lower XXXX , @entity1386 , and @entity1674 than @entity969 in @entity35 .

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: Congenital dermal sinuses result from abnormal neurulation, and are uncommon. A spinal intramedullary abscess secondary to an infected @entity48 is very rare, and the functional prognosis is usually quite poor. We report on a 16-month-old @entity1 with @entity1688 secondary to intramedullary abscesses because of a @entity281 associated with a dermal sinus. The abscesses were drained, and the @entity48 was removed. Antibiotics were administered for 6 weeks after neurosurgery. The @entity1 was followed at a pediatric rehabilitation department. After 1 year, he was able to walk quickly and had regained appropriate upper limb motor function for his age. However, bladder @entity1690 persisted, requiring intermittent catheterization. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis for surgical intervention and prolonged antibiotic therapy. Long-term follow-up by a multidisciplinary team allowed for the effective management of related neurologic, orthopedic, and @entity1494 .

title: Recovery after XXXX caused by dermal sinus infection: intramedullary abscess and tetraparesis.

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder disorders']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst infection']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['tetraplegia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypoactivation of the inferior frontal gyrus during the perception of facial expressions has been interpreted as evidence for a deficit of the mirror neuron system in @entity1 with @entity2438 . We examined whether this dysfunction persists in adulthood, and how brain activity in the mirror neuron system relates to social functioning outside the laboratory. METHODS: Twenty-one adult males with @entity72 and 21 typically developing subjects matched for age, sex, and IQ were scanned in three conditions: observing short movies showing facial expressions, performing a facial movement, and experiencing a disgusting taste. Symptom severity and level of social adjustment were measured with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Social Functioning Scale. RESULTS: Inferior frontal gyrus activity during the observation of facial expressions increased with age in subjects with @entity2438 , but not in control subjects. The age-related increase in activity was associated with changes in gaze behavior and improvements in social functioning. These age-related neurocognitive improvements were not found in a group of individuals with @entity161 , who had comparable levels of social functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that mirror neuron system activity augments with age in @entity2438 and that this is accompanied by changes in gaze behavior and improved social functioning. It is the first demonstration of an age-related neurocognitive improvement in @entity2438 . Increased motor simulation may contribute to the amelioration in social functioning documented in adolescence and adulthood. This finding should encourage the development of new therapeutic interventions directed at emotion simulation.

title: Age-related increase in inferior frontal gyrus activity and social functioning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorder']


abstract: The primary constituent of the senile plaque core in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is the beta-amyloid protein (beta A4). A discrete 11 @entity535 fragment of the beta A4, beta A4(25-35), has been implicated in mediating in vitro @entity2359 and an inflammatory response surrounding senile plaques in @entity195 via interaction with the Serpin Enzyme Complex (SEC) receptor. Substance @entity10133 ), a neuropeptide of the @entity4756 family and a major mediator of @entity13624 , shows sequence homology to beta A4(25-35) and has been shown to protect against the @entity2359 of beta-amyloid. SP also competes with beta A4(25-35) for binding to the SEC-receptor. SP neurons have also been found to be depleted in @entity195 . Using a blister model of @entity32 in the @entity35 hind footpad, we have examined the effect of beta A4(25-35) and its interaction with SP in @entity35 skin microvasculature and determined age-related changes to these phenomena. In addition, pharmacological manipulation of these responses using SEC-receptor ligands (peptide 105Y and 105C) was also undertaken. Because of the evidence for co-existence and co-release of SP and @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ) from the peripheral terminals of sensory nerves, it was of interest to examine the interaction of @entity4655 with beta A4(25-35) on @entity35 skin microvasculature. beta A4(25-35) (10 microM) was perfused over the base of a blister raised on the hind footpad of anaesthetised young and old @entity35 . This was followed by perfusion of SP (1 microM) or @entity4655 (1 microM) after Ringer's solution. Relative blood flow was monitored using a Laser-Doppler Flowmeter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Beta A4(25-35) modulates substance P effect on XXXX skin microvasculature in aged @entity35 : pharmacological manipulation using SEC-receptor ligands.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The primary constituent of the senile plaque core in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is the beta-amyloid protein (beta A4). A discrete 11 @entity535 fragment of the beta A4, beta A4(25-35), has been implicated in mediating in vitro @entity2359 and an inflammatory response surrounding senile plaques in @entity195 via interaction with the Serpin Enzyme Complex (SEC) receptor. Substance @entity10133 ), a neuropeptide of the @entity4756 family and a major mediator of @entity13624 , shows sequence homology to beta A4(25-35) and has been shown to protect against the @entity2359 of beta-amyloid. SP also competes with beta A4(25-35) for binding to the SEC-receptor. SP neurons have also been found to be depleted in @entity195 . Using a blister model of @entity32 in the @entity35 hind footpad, we have examined the effect of beta A4(25-35) and its interaction with SP in @entity35 skin microvasculature and determined age-related changes to these phenomena. In addition, pharmacological manipulation of these responses using SEC-receptor ligands (peptide 105Y and 105C) was also undertaken. Because of the evidence for co-existence and co-release of SP and @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ) from the peripheral terminals of sensory nerves, it was of interest to examine the interaction of @entity4655 with beta A4(25-35) on @entity35 skin microvasculature. beta A4(25-35) (10 microM) was perfused over the base of a blister raised on the hind footpad of anaesthetised young and old @entity35 . This was followed by perfusion of SP (1 microM) or @entity4655 (1 microM) after Ringer's solution. Relative blood flow was monitored using a Laser-Doppler Flowmeter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Beta A4(25-35) modulates substance P effect on @entity35 skin microvasculature in aged XXXX : pharmacological manipulation using SEC-receptor ligands.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: This review is based on results from our laboratory and those published by others, and is focused on the early stages of pathogenesis that can be studied mostly in animals. @entity1819 is analysed on the examples of @entity1068 - and @entity117 -induced lesions. @entity1068 (50-100%) rapidly penetrates the mucosa, causes directly and/or indirectly (e.g., release of vasoactive products) endothelial damage in superficial and deep capillaries and venules. The @entity1504 results in increased vascular permeability and decrease in blood flow leading to complete circulatory standstill in superficial capillaries 1-2 min after intragastric administration of concentrated @entity1068 . The direct chemical damage to surface mucosal epithelium is then followed by @entity519 and @entity548 in 1-5 min (erosion or @entity1066 ). Unionized @entity117 initiates a similar and complex yet slower progressing and less extensive erosion than @entity167 . @entity9317 and @entity1066 produced by @entity8488 , @entity6672 or @entity5212 are preceded by excess acid in the proximal duodenum. This could be due to increased gastric acid output (1-4 hr), decreased @entity3157 secretion or duodenal @entity4423 (0.5-8 hr) preventing the proper mix of acid and base in duodenal bulb. @entity39 and desquamation of absorptive cells in duodenal villi are evident 2-4 hr, followed by villus amputation (4-8 hr), erosion and @entity1066 (8-24 hr). The pathogenesis of @entity3137 can thus be reconstructed from results obtained with animal models and from @entity1 studies. The results should serve as a basis to design protective drugs that are active on the basis of pathogenetic events.

title: Mechanisms of XXXX in the stomach and duodenum: time-sequence analysis of morphologic, functional, biochemical and histochemical studies.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['deep hemorrhagic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity6672 :: ('MESH:D004840', 'Chemical') :: ['mepirizole']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8488 :: ('MESH:D003543', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteamine']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal erosion']

answer: @entity3137 :: (MESH:D009059,Disease) :: ['mucosal injury']


abstract: Medical ulcer therapy focuses on enhancing mucosal defence mechanisms or reducing intraluminal acidity. In this Swedish multicenter, randomized double-blind study these two principles were compared in the treatment of acute duodenal @entity1066 . @entity5418 (Andapsin 1g X 4) or @entity4444 (Tagamet 400mg X 2), together with antacid tablets (Novalucol), were supplied to @entity1 with acute @entity1066 in the pyloric ring or duodenal bulb. Endoscopy was performed at inclusion, after four weeks and in some @entity1 also after eight weeks. Besides healing rate, symptoms and antacid intake, smoking and side effects were recorded on a special protocol. 371 @entity1 from 15 centers completed the trial. At inclusion the @entity1 groups did not differ in any essential aspect. At four weeks 71% of 177 @entity1 on @entity5418 and 77% of 194 on @entity4444 were healed. The corresponding figures for eight weeks were 86% (suc) and 92% (cim). The difference is not significant, the 95% confidence interval for the difference in @entity1066 efficacy of @entity5418 compared with @entity4444 at eight weeks was -12% to +5%. Antacid intake and symptoms decreased rapidly and equally in both groups. Side effects related to the treatments were uncommon. It is concluded that @entity5418 and @entity4444 , representing two different principles in medical ulcer treatment, are both very effective and compare well in the short term treatment of @entity4773 .

title: Treatment of XXXX --a Swedish multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['acute duodenal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate', 'Sucralfate']

answer: @entity4773 :: (MESH:D004381,Disease) :: ['acute duodenal ulcer']


abstract: Thoracotomy causes severe @entity282 , which is difficult to manage since the use of systemic analgesics often causes @entity1576 . Cryoanalgesia of the intercostal nerves has been advocated as an effective means of local analgesia without serious side effects. A prospective randomised blind trial to investigate the efficacy of the technique was carried out. A total of 53 @entity1 undergoing thoracotomy were allocated to either the trial or a control group. At thoracotomy the surgeon was informed of the @entity1 's trial allocation. The trial group received one minute of direct cryotherapy to at least five intercostal nerves related to the incision. All @entity1 received @entity284 via the lumbar epidural route in a dose calculated according to their weight. A linear analogue assessment of @entity282 was made by the @entity1 as soon as they were sufficiently awake. An independent record of all postoperative analgesia was kept. After discharge from hospital further assessments were made at least six weeks after operation. Statistical analysis of the scores of @entity282 and analgesic consumption showed that there was no significant difference between the trial and the control group. There was, however, a suggestion of an increase in the long term morbidity, although these figures were not amenable to statistical analysis. Thus is has not been possible to demonstrate a role for cryoanalgesia in the control of post thoracotomy @entity158 .

title: Role of cryoanalgesia in the control of XXXX after thoracotomy.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: During amphibian metamorphosis dramatic changes occur in the morphogenesis and differentiation of the epidermis. Concurrently with these changes, the 63 kDa @entity73155 gene is upregulated from low basal levels to high levels. What makes these processes unique is that they are controlled by @entity1954 (T3) and can be duplicated in cultures of purified epidermal cells. Since there is a 2 day lag period between the addition of T3 and the upregulation of @entity73155 gene expression and terminal differentiation, recent studies have focused on identifying the genes activated during the lag period. We assume that the transcription factors required for upregulation of the @entity73155 gene are induced by T3 during the lag period, and therefore we have cloned the @entity73155 gene so that promoter analyses can be conducted. S1 mapping assays have shown that the same transcription start sites are used during premetamorphosis when the @entity73155 gene is basally expressed, during metamorphosis when it is T3-upregulated, and in the adult epidermis where it is expressed independently of T3. During the early part of the lag period @entity21987 and @entity73156 mRNA levels are upregulated in the epidermis by T3. The transcription factor @entity73156 is expressed at high levels in the skin of premetamorphic larvae and induced about fivefold by T3 but is not induced in an epithelial cell line (XL-177). Since the @entity73155 mRNA, @entity73156 mRNA, and other genes induced during the lag period are expressed in premetamorphic larvae it appears that T3 functions by upregulating the expression of genes previously activated by a T3-independent process. This preprogramming may account for the tissue specificity of T3 action during metamorphosis.

title: Upregulation of XXXX in the skin of Xenopus laevis during thyroid hormone-induced metamorphosis.

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity73156 :: (394344(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['AP-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of isolated @entity1084 secondary to corrosive ingestion. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review of eight @entity1 who developed @entity356 following corrosive ingestion and were treated in the Digestive and General Surgery Service of Yopougon Teaching Hospital in Abidjan from 1991 to 2009. RESULTS: Six @entity1 and two @entity1 (mean age of 34.3 [range 21 to 48 years]) had isolated @entity1084 following accidental (n=2) or suicidal (n=6) acid ingestion. Two @entity1 sought hospital medical attention two days after ingestion, whereas six @entity1 came to hospital with a mean delay of 60.8 days (range 12 and 96 days). @entity1 sought medical attention for poor general status (n=6), postprandial @entity391 (n=4), early satiety (n=2) and @entity158 (n=2). Two @entity1 , who presented early to hospital, underwent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy the day after admission and then received a feeding jejunostomy whereas the esogastroduodenal barium swallow and feeding jejunostomy were performed after a mean delay of 2 days (range 1 and 3 days) and 3 days (range 1 and 5 days), respectively. The findings at upper endoscopy and barium swallow were: microgastria (n=2), midgastric stricture (n=1), antropyloric stricture (n=4) and gastric body stricture (n=1). One @entity1 died preoperatively as the result of severe nutritional depletion. A follow-up endoscopy and barium swallow were performed respectively 21 and 35 days later. Definitive surgery was performed after a mean delay of 85 days (range 74 to 123 days) in the remaining seven @entity1 . @entity1819 were managed by total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy (n=2), partial gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy (n=2) or simple gastrojejunostomy (n=3). During the mean follow-up period of 4 years (range 1 to 7 years), all @entity1 were free of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Isolated corrosive @entity356 is relatively rare. Surgery tailored according to the extent of @entity356 provides excellent results.

title: Isolated XXXX due to corrosive ingestion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric lesions']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal pain']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric stricture']

answer: @entity1084 :: (MESH:D017219,Disease) :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']


abstract: Lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland in @entity1669 requires, as a first step, their attachment to endothelial cells (EC) and subsequently, their interaction with thyrocytes and extracellular matrix proteins. A number of different ligand molecules have been identified to mediate the interaction between EC and leukocyte subpopulations. In this study, we examined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical techniques, the expression of integrin receptors and their counter-receptors by infiltrating lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in thyroid glands from @entity1 with @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) and @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ). A high proportion of @entity2743 intrathyroidal T lymphocytes expressed the @entity7986 and @entity32561 ( @entity10598 ) activation antigens as well as an increased number of LFA-alpha L, VLA-alpha 1, -alpha 4, -alpha 5, and beta 1 integrin receptors, as compared with peripheral blood T lymphocytes from the same @entity1 . The expression of @entity2071 was increased in EC from @entity2743 and @entity2621 thyroids. In addition, an up-regulated de novo expression of @entity4725 was found in EC in @entity2743 and @entity2621 thyroids, with no reactivity in control thyroids. Dendritic cells in thyroid lymphoid follicles were also positive for @entity2071 and @entity4725 . In addition, most of intrathyroidal mononuclear cells expressed the @entity20394 adhesion molecule. This enhanced expression of @entity2071 and @entity4725 by thyroid EC in @entity2743 and @entity2621 may reflect their ability to regulate leukocyte trafficking and activation by means of the expression of specific ligand molecules. Our data suggest that both the @entity1454 / @entity2071 , @entity20394 and VLA-4/ @entity4725 pathways could play a relevant role in localizing and perpetuating the autoimmune response in the thyroid gland in @entity1669 .

title: Adhesion molecules from the @entity1454 / XXXX ,3 and VLA-4/ @entity4725 pathways on T lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in Graves' and @entity2621 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disorders']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['HT', "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1']

answer: @entity2071 :: (3383,Gene) :: ['ICAM-1']


abstract: Lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland in @entity1669 requires, as a first step, their attachment to endothelial cells (EC) and subsequently, their interaction with thyrocytes and extracellular matrix proteins. A number of different ligand molecules have been identified to mediate the interaction between EC and leukocyte subpopulations. In this study, we examined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical techniques, the expression of integrin receptors and their counter-receptors by infiltrating lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in thyroid glands from @entity1 with @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) and @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ). A high proportion of @entity2743 intrathyroidal T lymphocytes expressed the @entity7986 and @entity32561 ( @entity10598 ) activation antigens as well as an increased number of LFA-alpha L, VLA-alpha 1, -alpha 4, -alpha 5, and beta 1 integrin receptors, as compared with peripheral blood T lymphocytes from the same @entity1 . The expression of @entity2071 was increased in EC from @entity2743 and @entity2621 thyroids. In addition, an up-regulated de novo expression of @entity4725 was found in EC in @entity2743 and @entity2621 thyroids, with no reactivity in control thyroids. Dendritic cells in thyroid lymphoid follicles were also positive for @entity2071 and @entity4725 . In addition, most of intrathyroidal mononuclear cells expressed the @entity20394 adhesion molecule. This enhanced expression of @entity2071 and @entity4725 by thyroid EC in @entity2743 and @entity2621 may reflect their ability to regulate leukocyte trafficking and activation by means of the expression of specific ligand molecules. Our data suggest that both the @entity1454 / @entity2071 , @entity20394 and VLA-4/ @entity4725 pathways could play a relevant role in localizing and perpetuating the autoimmune response in the thyroid gland in @entity1669 .

title: Adhesion molecules from the XXXX / @entity2071 ,3 and VLA-4/ @entity4725 pathways on T lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in Graves' and @entity2621 .

answer: @entity1454 :: (3689,Gene) :: ['LFA-1']


abstract: Lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland in @entity1669 requires, as a first step, their attachment to endothelial cells (EC) and subsequently, their interaction with thyrocytes and extracellular matrix proteins. A number of different ligand molecules have been identified to mediate the interaction between EC and leukocyte subpopulations. In this study, we examined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical techniques, the expression of integrin receptors and their counter-receptors by infiltrating lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in thyroid glands from @entity1 with @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) and @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ). A high proportion of @entity2743 intrathyroidal T lymphocytes expressed the @entity7986 and @entity32561 ( @entity10598 ) activation antigens as well as an increased number of LFA-alpha L, VLA-alpha 1, -alpha 4, -alpha 5, and beta 1 integrin receptors, as compared with peripheral blood T lymphocytes from the same @entity1 . The expression of @entity2071 was increased in EC from @entity2743 and @entity2621 thyroids. In addition, an up-regulated de novo expression of @entity4725 was found in EC in @entity2743 and @entity2621 thyroids, with no reactivity in control thyroids. Dendritic cells in thyroid lymphoid follicles were also positive for @entity2071 and @entity4725 . In addition, most of intrathyroidal mononuclear cells expressed the @entity20394 adhesion molecule. This enhanced expression of @entity2071 and @entity4725 by thyroid EC in @entity2743 and @entity2621 may reflect their ability to regulate leukocyte trafficking and activation by means of the expression of specific ligand molecules. Our data suggest that both the @entity1454 / @entity2071 , @entity20394 and VLA-4/ @entity4725 pathways could play a relevant role in localizing and perpetuating the autoimmune response in the thyroid gland in @entity1669 .

title: Adhesion molecules from the @entity1454 / @entity2071 ,3 and VLA-4/ @entity4725 pathways on T lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in Graves' and XXXX .

answer: @entity2621 :: (MESH:D050031,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto's thyroid glands']


abstract: Lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland in @entity1669 requires, as a first step, their attachment to endothelial cells (EC) and subsequently, their interaction with thyrocytes and extracellular matrix proteins. A number of different ligand molecules have been identified to mediate the interaction between EC and leukocyte subpopulations. In this study, we examined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical techniques, the expression of integrin receptors and their counter-receptors by infiltrating lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in thyroid glands from @entity1 with @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) and @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ). A high proportion of @entity2743 intrathyroidal T lymphocytes expressed the @entity7986 and @entity32561 ( @entity10598 ) activation antigens as well as an increased number of LFA-alpha L, VLA-alpha 1, -alpha 4, -alpha 5, and beta 1 integrin receptors, as compared with peripheral blood T lymphocytes from the same @entity1 . The expression of @entity2071 was increased in EC from @entity2743 and @entity2621 thyroids. In addition, an up-regulated de novo expression of @entity4725 was found in EC in @entity2743 and @entity2621 thyroids, with no reactivity in control thyroids. Dendritic cells in thyroid lymphoid follicles were also positive for @entity2071 and @entity4725 . In addition, most of intrathyroidal mononuclear cells expressed the @entity20394 adhesion molecule. This enhanced expression of @entity2071 and @entity4725 by thyroid EC in @entity2743 and @entity2621 may reflect their ability to regulate leukocyte trafficking and activation by means of the expression of specific ligand molecules. Our data suggest that both the @entity1454 / @entity2071 , @entity20394 and VLA-4/ @entity4725 pathways could play a relevant role in localizing and perpetuating the autoimmune response in the thyroid gland in @entity1669 .

title: Adhesion molecules from the @entity1454 / @entity2071 ,3 and VLA-4/ XXXX pathways on T lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in Graves' and @entity2621 .

answer: @entity4725 :: (7412,Gene) :: ['VCAM-1']


abstract: @entity73 is a devastating consequence of @entity131 that affects the majority of those who survive with moderate-to-severe injury, and many @entity1 with mild @entity542 . Disruption of key monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, such as the dopaminergic system, may play a key role in the widespread @entity73 seen after traumatic @entity21 . Manifestations of injury to this system may include @entity73 and @entity23 . We used the Cambridge Gambling Task to characterize decision-making and risk-taking behaviour, outside of a learning context, in a cohort of 44 @entity1 at least six months post- @entity131 . These @entity1 were found to have broadly intact processing of risk adjustment and probability judgement, and to bet similar amounts to controls. However, a @entity1 preference for consistently early bets indicated a higher level of @entity23 . These behavioural measures were compared with imaging findings on diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Performance in specific domains of the Cambridge Gambling Task correlated inversely and specifically with the severity of diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities in regions that have been implicated in these cognitive processes. Thus, @entity23 was associated with increased apparent diffusion coefficient bilaterally in the orbitofrontal gyrus, insula and caudate; abnormal risk adjustment with increased apparent diffusion coefficient in the right thalamus and dorsal striatum and left caudate; and impaired performance on rational choice with increased apparent diffusion coefficient in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, and the superior frontal gyri, right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the dorsal and ventral striatum, and left hippocampus. Importantly, performance in specific cognitive domains of the task did not correlate with diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities in areas not implicated in their performance. The ability to dissociate the location and extent of damage with performance on the various task components using diffusion tensor imaging allows important insights into the neuroanatomical basis of @entity23 following @entity131 . The ability to detect such damage in vivo may have important implications for @entity1 management, @entity1 selection for trials, and to help understand complex neurocognitive pathways.

title: Parcellating the neuroanatomical basis of @entity73 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired decision-making', 'cognitive dysfunction', 'Cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsiveness', 'impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: @entity73 is a devastating consequence of @entity131 that affects the majority of those who survive with moderate-to-severe injury, and many @entity1 with mild @entity542 . Disruption of key monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, such as the dopaminergic system, may play a key role in the widespread @entity73 seen after traumatic @entity21 . Manifestations of injury to this system may include @entity73 and @entity23 . We used the Cambridge Gambling Task to characterize decision-making and risk-taking behaviour, outside of a learning context, in a cohort of 44 @entity1 at least six months post- @entity131 . These @entity1 were found to have broadly intact processing of risk adjustment and probability judgement, and to bet similar amounts to controls. However, a @entity1 preference for consistently early bets indicated a higher level of @entity23 . These behavioural measures were compared with imaging findings on diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Performance in specific domains of the Cambridge Gambling Task correlated inversely and specifically with the severity of diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities in regions that have been implicated in these cognitive processes. Thus, @entity23 was associated with increased apparent diffusion coefficient bilaterally in the orbitofrontal gyrus, insula and caudate; abnormal risk adjustment with increased apparent diffusion coefficient in the right thalamus and dorsal striatum and left caudate; and impaired performance on rational choice with increased apparent diffusion coefficient in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, and the superior frontal gyri, right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the dorsal and ventral striatum, and left hippocampus. Importantly, performance in specific cognitive domains of the task did not correlate with diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities in areas not implicated in their performance. The ability to dissociate the location and extent of damage with performance on the various task components using diffusion tensor imaging allows important insights into the neuroanatomical basis of @entity23 following @entity131 . The ability to detect such damage in vivo may have important implications for @entity1 management, @entity1 selection for trials, and to help understand complex neurocognitive pathways.

title: Parcellating the neuroanatomical basis of XXXX in @entity131 .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['impaired decision-making']


abstract: BACKGROUND Embryologists currently face a challenge when counselling @entity1 regarding the stage and the number of embryos to transfer when no top-quality embryos (TQE) are available. METHODS The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of single blastocyst transfer (SBT) in comparison with the transfer of two cleavage-stage embryos in @entity1 under 36 years old. A total of 450 @entity1 under 36 years undergoing their first or second IVF treatment who had no TQE on Day 2 were included in this prospective study. Couples were assigned to either a SBT or a double cleavage-stage embryo transfer ( @entity2471 ). The clinical end-points monitored were rates of implantation, delivery and multiple deliveries. RESULTS The rate of transfer was significantly lower for couples assigned to the SBT group compared with the @entity2471 group (88 versus 100%, respectively, P < 0.001) while the delivery rate per oocyte retrieval was similar in both groups (26.7%). By contrast, the rate of multiple deliveries was significantly lower in the SBT group compared with the @entity2471 group (3.3 versus 23.3%, respectively, P < 0.01). Blastocyst cryopreservation was twice as high in the SBT group compared with the @entity2471 group (39 versus 18%, respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings show the value of extended embryo culture for couples without TQE. In such situations, delaying embryo transfer in order to select a single blastocyst with the highest potential for implantation can reduce the number of @entity2099 . Furthermore, our results demonstrate that extended culture allows blastocyst cryopreservation from embryos not available for Day 2 cryopreservation.

title: Treating XXXX under 36 years old without top-quality embryos on day 2: a prospective study comparing double embryo transfer with single blastocyst transfer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical trials are critical for evaluating new @entity5 therapies, but few adult @entity1 participate in them. Physicians have an important role in facilitating @entity1 participation in clinical trials. We examined the characteristics of specialty physicians who participate in clinical trials by enrolling or referring @entity1 , the types of trials in which they participate, and factors associated with physicians who report greater involvement in clinical trials. METHODS: We analyzed data from the @entity5 Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium. The study included 1533 specialty physicians who cared for @entity14 @entity1 (496 medical oncologists, 228 radiation oncologists, and 809 surgeons) and completed a survey conducted during 2005-2006 (response rate = 61.0%). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize physicians' personal and practice characteristics, and regression models were used to examine associations between these characteristics and physician participation in clinical trials. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: A total of 87.8% of medical oncologists, 66.1% of radiation oncologists, and 35.0% of surgeons reported referring or enrolling one or more @entity1 in clinical trials during the previous 12 months. The mean number of @entity1 referred or enrolled by these physicians was 17.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.5 to 18.9) for medical oncologists, 9.5 (95% CI = 7.7 to 11.3) for radiation oncologists, and 12.2 (95% CI = 9.8 to 14.6) for surgeons (P < .001). Specialty type, involvement in teaching, and affiliation with a Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) and/or a National @entity5 Institute-designated @entity5 center were associated with physician trial participation and enrolling more @entity1 (all Ps < .05). Two-thirds of physicians with a CCOP or National @entity5 Institute-designated @entity5 center affiliation reported participating in trials. CONCLUSIONS: Features of specialty physicians' practice environments are associated with their trial participation, but many physicians at CCOPs and @entity5 centers do not participate.

title: A population-based assessment of specialty physician involvement in XXXX clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Three studies were conducted to determine the effect of preceding crop on wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) abundance in the @entity4933 . In all three studies, samples of wireworm populations were taken from the soil by using oat, Avena sativa L., baits. Treatments were defined by the previous year's crop and were chosen to reflect common crop rotations in the region. Across all three studies, eight wireworm species were recovered from the baits: Conoderus amplicollis (Gyllenhal), Conoderus bellus (Say), Conoderus falli (Lane), Conoderus lividus (Degeer), Conoderus scissus (Schaeffer), Conoderus vespertinus (F.), Glyphonyx bimarginatus (Schaeffer), and @entity20802 (Gyllenhal). The effect of @entity4336 , @entity2829 .; @entity2708 , @entity2708 .; fallow; @entity1460 , Clycine max (L.) Merr.; sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.; and @entity286 (Nicotiana spp.) was evaluated in a small-plot replicated study. M. communis was the most frequently collected species in the small-plot study and was found in significantly higher numbers following @entity1460 and @entity4336 . The mean total number of wireworms per bait (all species) was highest following @entity1460 . A second study conducted in late fall and early spring assessed the abundance of overwintering wireworm populations in commercial fields planted to @entity4336 , @entity2708 , peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), @entity1460 , sweet potato, and @entity286 in the most recent previous growing season. C. lividus was the most abundant species, and the mean total number of wireworms was highest following @entity4336 and @entity1460 . A survey was conducted in commercial sweet potato in late spring and early summer in fields that had been planted to @entity4336 , @entity2708 , cucurbit ( @entity22367 .), peanut, @entity1460 , sweet potato, or @entity286 in the most recent previous growing season. C. vespertinus was the most abundant species, and the mean total number of wireworms per bait was highest following @entity4336 .

title: Influence of preceding crop on wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) abundance in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4933 :: ('MESH:C537835', 'Disease') :: ['coastal plain of North Carolina']

entities_list: @entity2708 :: ('3635', 'Species') :: ['cotton', 'Gossypium hirsutum L']

entities_list: @entity20802 :: ('MESH:C535464', 'Disease') :: ['Melanotus communis']

entities_list: @entity22367 :: ('3663', 'Species') :: ['Cucurbita pepo L']

answer: @entity4933 :: (MESH:C537835,Disease) :: ['coastal plain of North Carolina']


abstract: The keratin pattern in oral epithelia is related to the type of terminal differentiation observed morphologically (keratinization/nonkeratinization) and to the presence or absence of @entity5115 . Furthermore, it has been suggested recently that inflammatory phenomena influence the keratin expression in @entity1 gingiva. The aim of the present study was to describe the keratin pattern in @entity8619 , which are well known to be characterized by hyperkeratinization and severe inflammatory changes, in order to elucidate the role of @entity32 in keratin expression of oral epithelia. Tissue sections were stained with antikeratin antibodies directed to groups of keratins ( @entity1325 and @entity29903 ) and to single keratin proteins (Nos. 5, 8, 13, and 19). The keratin pattern in OLP lesions differed in some respects from that of @entity12120 and frictional keratoses as characterized in previous studies. No consistent patterns for use in a diagnostic context were found. However, the changes in OLP lesions did not mimic those previously described in inflamed gingival specimens and in @entity2543 . Thus, the results encourage further studies on the potential diagnostic use of keratin expression in @entity75 . Furthermore, the study suggests that the inflammatory reaction seen in OLP lesions does not influence keratin expression in a way comparable with the suggested influence of @entity32 in gingival specimens.

title: Keratin staining pattern in clinically normal and diseased oral mucosa of lichen planus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant oral lesions']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['oral epithelial dysplasias']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakias']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have used indo-1-loaded @entity1 endothelial cells (EC) in monolayer culture and quantitative laser scanning fluorescence microscopy techniques to investigate the magnitude and duration of the change in cytoplasmic free @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) required for @entity556 -stimulated @entity2880 factor ( @entity2881 ) secretion in individual EC. Both alpha- @entity556 and a 14 @entity535 @entity556 receptor activating peptide stimulate an increase in EC [ @entity141 ]i that is agonist dose dependent. Low-dose agonist treatment generates asynchronous oscillations (i.e., repetitive spikes < 80 sec duration) in [ @entity141 ]i. Stimulation with higher agonist concentrations generates a prolonged single peak elevation in [ @entity141 ]i. Both the number of cells displaying prolonged [ @entity141 ]i peaks and the mean amplitude of the peaks increase as a function of agonist concentration. Higher doses of agonist also cause sustained elevations in [ @entity141 ]i that depend upon extracellular @entity141 . Oscillations in [ @entity141 ]i are not sufficient to stimulate significant @entity2881 secretion, and sustained elevations in [ @entity141 ]i are not required for maximal secretion. Both the number of cells displaying prolonged peaks and the mean peak amplitude correlate with increasing levels of @entity2881 secretion from the culture. We have used the expression of @entity8729 , a secretory granule membrane protein, as a marker for measuring @entity556 -induced exocytosis in individual EC. Both the number of secreting cells and the amount of secretion per cell increase as a function of @entity556 concentration. The graded responses in [ @entity141 ]i amplitudes and the graded exocytotic response may be causally related.

title: Prolonged peak elevations in cytoplasmic free @entity460 ions, derived from intracellular stores, correlate with the extent of XXXX -stimulated exocytosis in single @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: We have used indo-1-loaded @entity1 endothelial cells (EC) in monolayer culture and quantitative laser scanning fluorescence microscopy techniques to investigate the magnitude and duration of the change in cytoplasmic free @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) required for @entity556 -stimulated @entity2880 factor ( @entity2881 ) secretion in individual EC. Both alpha- @entity556 and a 14 @entity535 @entity556 receptor activating peptide stimulate an increase in EC [ @entity141 ]i that is agonist dose dependent. Low-dose agonist treatment generates asynchronous oscillations (i.e., repetitive spikes < 80 sec duration) in [ @entity141 ]i. Stimulation with higher agonist concentrations generates a prolonged single peak elevation in [ @entity141 ]i. Both the number of cells displaying prolonged [ @entity141 ]i peaks and the mean amplitude of the peaks increase as a function of agonist concentration. Higher doses of agonist also cause sustained elevations in [ @entity141 ]i that depend upon extracellular @entity141 . Oscillations in [ @entity141 ]i are not sufficient to stimulate significant @entity2881 secretion, and sustained elevations in [ @entity141 ]i are not required for maximal secretion. Both the number of cells displaying prolonged peaks and the mean peak amplitude correlate with increasing levels of @entity2881 secretion from the culture. We have used the expression of @entity8729 , a secretory granule membrane protein, as a marker for measuring @entity556 -induced exocytosis in individual EC. Both the number of secreting cells and the amount of secretion per cell increase as a function of @entity556 concentration. The graded responses in [ @entity141 ]i amplitudes and the graded exocytotic response may be causally related.

title: Prolonged peak elevations in cytoplasmic free XXXX ions, derived from intracellular stores, correlate with the extent of @entity556 -stimulated exocytosis in single @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: We have used indo-1-loaded @entity1 endothelial cells (EC) in monolayer culture and quantitative laser scanning fluorescence microscopy techniques to investigate the magnitude and duration of the change in cytoplasmic free @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) required for @entity556 -stimulated @entity2880 factor ( @entity2881 ) secretion in individual EC. Both alpha- @entity556 and a 14 @entity535 @entity556 receptor activating peptide stimulate an increase in EC [ @entity141 ]i that is agonist dose dependent. Low-dose agonist treatment generates asynchronous oscillations (i.e., repetitive spikes < 80 sec duration) in [ @entity141 ]i. Stimulation with higher agonist concentrations generates a prolonged single peak elevation in [ @entity141 ]i. Both the number of cells displaying prolonged [ @entity141 ]i peaks and the mean amplitude of the peaks increase as a function of agonist concentration. Higher doses of agonist also cause sustained elevations in [ @entity141 ]i that depend upon extracellular @entity141 . Oscillations in [ @entity141 ]i are not sufficient to stimulate significant @entity2881 secretion, and sustained elevations in [ @entity141 ]i are not required for maximal secretion. Both the number of cells displaying prolonged peaks and the mean peak amplitude correlate with increasing levels of @entity2881 secretion from the culture. We have used the expression of @entity8729 , a secretory granule membrane protein, as a marker for measuring @entity556 -induced exocytosis in individual EC. Both the number of secreting cells and the amount of secretion per cell increase as a function of @entity556 concentration. The graded responses in [ @entity141 ]i amplitudes and the graded exocytotic response may be causally related.

title: Prolonged peak elevations in cytoplasmic free @entity460 ions, derived from intracellular stores, correlate with the extent of @entity556 -stimulated exocytosis in single XXXX umbilical vein endothelial cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 less than 12 months of age with complete @entity474 underwent repair of the defect between January, 1981, and December, 1984. The average age at operation was 8 1/2 months and the average weight was 5.7 kg. Eight of 15 (53%) @entity1 had preoperative mild to moderate @entity339 . @entity120 was present in all @entity1 and 13 of 15 @entity1 had a pulmonary arterial resistance greater than 4 units (mean 8.8 units). Operative indication was based on @entity120 , @entity712 , and failure to thrive. @entity67 was utilized during operative repair to assess location of valve incision, level of attachment of valves to the patch, and cleft approximation. It was also used to check the competency of the mitral repair once complete. The average circulatory arrest time was 55.7 minutes. There were no operative deaths. There were two late deaths. We conclude that @entity67 is the key to the operation, and operative repair is safe in @entity1 with @entity474 .

title: Repair of XXXX in infancy.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary artery hypertension', 'pulmonary artery hypertension']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular distention', 'ventricular distention']

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular septal defects']


abstract: Over a period of 12 1/2 years, 476 @entity1 underwent thoracotomy for @entity2 at two affiliated hospitals. Hospital mortality for all @entity1 was 5.25% and for those undergoing pulmonary resection, 5.67%. Hospital mortality is more indicative of true risk than is the 30 day mortality figure, which we regard as arbitrary and misleadingly low. Thirty-seven preoperative risk factors were analyzed for their effects on both morbidity and mortality, and 12 classes of postoperative complications were analyzed for their effect on mortality. All preoperative risk factors together accounted only for 12% of the risk of mortality (R2 by multiple regression analysis). Only three of these factors bore a significant association with mortality: @entity1 age 60 years or over (p less than 0.05), need for pneumonectomy (p less than 0.005), and premature ventricular contractions on the admission electrocardiogram (p less than 0.05). All the listed postoperative complications together accounted for only 28% of the risk of mortality. Of these complications, four showed a significant association with @entity204 : infectious complications ( @entity55 and @entity3509 ) and @entity65 ( @entity1151 and @entity583 ). In both analyses, the remainder of the risk of death must be attributed either to factors not considered or to purely random factors. It follows that much the greater part of the risk of death from surgical treatment of @entity2 could not be predicted from the preoperative status of the @entity1 .

title: Random versus predictable risks of mortality after thoracotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular accidents']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Periportal and perivenous parenchymal cells were isolated by the @entity11040 -pulse perfusion method. The @entity11040 -pulse perfusion was shown to lead to selective lysis of the correct zone with a straight and sharp border of two to three cells. The mean ratios of @entity493 aminotransferase activity (a marker for periportal parenchymal cells) and @entity1160 synthetase activity (a perivenous marker) of periportal to perivenous parenchymal cells were 1.76 and 0.025 respectively. Cells were incubated in vitro with 125I-asialo-orosomucoid (ASOR), 125I-trypsin-activated @entity14445 ( @entity14445 -T) or 125I-beta-migrating very-low-density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL), in order to determine the zonal distribution of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr), the @entity3248 ) and the lipoprotein-remnant receptor, respectively. Maximum binding capacity for 125I-ASOR on parenchymal cells showed a periportal/perivenous ratio of 0.70. The periportal/perivenous ratio of Bmax. values of binding of 125I- @entity14445 -T to parenchymal cells was 1.51. The Bmax. values of binding of 125I-beta-VLDL, however, were about equal for both cell populations. It is concluded that the maximum binding capacity of the ASGPr on isolated periportal parenchymal cells is 0.70 times that of perivenous parenchymal cells. The 1.51-fold higher expression of the @entity3248 on periportal cells, compared with perivenous parenchymal cells, indicates a zonal specialization for the uptake of the suggested multiple ligands. In contrast, the observed homogeneous distribution of the lipoprotein-remnant receptor is in accordance with the suggestion that lipoprotein remnants bind to a specific receptor, which is different from the @entity3248 . The zonal heterogeneity in the expression of receptors suggests that receptor-dependent uptake pathways are under zonal control, leading to intrahepatic heterogeneity in the removal of ligands from the blood circulation.

title: Different zonal distribution of the asialoglycoprotein receptor, the XXXX receptor/low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein and the lipoprotein-remnant receptor of rat liver parenchymal cells.

entities_list: @entity11040 :: ('MESH:D004072', 'Chemical') :: ['digitonin']

entities_list: @entity3248 :: ('25167(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2Mr/LRP', 'alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein (alpha 2Mr/LRP']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity14445 :: (24153(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['alpha 2-macroglobulin']


abstract: @entity1362 is a specific lesion of the synovial membrane of the @entity2720 . In recent years it is frequently regarded as @entity5 . The problem of therapy of the diffuse form of the disease is yet to be solved. Recurrence rates after partial synovial capsulectomy remain high (33-46%) as well as after operation combined with radiation therapy. The authors summed up their experience in combined therapy of @entity1362 . The method was used in 24 @entity1 with the diffuse form of the disease, ranging in age from 15 to 62. In 18 of 24 @entity1 the process affected the knee joint, in 6 @entity1 the articular bones were involved in the process. Partial synovial capsulectomy with subsequent development of recurrences was recorded in 14 @entity1 ' history. Total synovial capsulectomy was performed at the first stage; in knee joint involvement the operation was supplemented by meniscectomy. gamma-beam therapy followed operation in 3-4 weeks. Radiotherapy was necessitated by the fact that elements of the affected synovial sheath could not be completely removed even in total synovial capsulectomy. Irradiation was given from 2 fields, a single focal dose being 1.2-1.5 Gy, 5 fractions a week; a summary focal dose reached 16-20 Gy. A follow up period lasted from 6 mos to 6 yrs. Complete convalescence was noted in 23 @entity1 . Occupational rehabilitation was achieved in 21 @entity1 . In 2 @entity1 the functional outcome was considered to be satisfactory. The data obtained indicated to a high efficacy of combined therapy of the diffuse form of @entity1362 and the appropriateness of the use of radiotherapy in the postoperative period.

title: [Combined treatment of the diffuse form of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint and bursal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity1362 :: ('MESH:D013586', 'Disease') :: ['Pigmented villonodular synovitis', 'pigmented villonodular synovitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor like disease']

answer: @entity1362 :: (MESH:D013586,Disease) :: ['pigmented villonodular synovitis']


abstract: In therapy study @entity981 -BFM 81 633 previously untreated @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) less than 18 years of age have been recruited from April 1, 1981 to September 30, 1983 and treated in 37 institutions throughout West-Germany and Austria. Here only therapy results of 611 @entity1 with non-B- @entity981 are presented. @entity1 with @entity981 of B-type are described elsewhere. In this fourth consecutive trial of the BFM study group three major questions have been asked: 1. Is it possible to assess the individual risk for relapse more accurately by the use of a risk factor rather than by the risk score which was the discriminator in studies @entity981 -BFM 76 and @entity981 -BFM 79? Does this risk factor discriminate more precisely @entity1 at the highest risk for relapse? Offers more intensive risk-adapted therapy to this @entity1 group a better chance for disease-free survival? 2. In @entity1 at a standard risk for relapse with a risk factor below 1.2--approximately 60% of @entity1 with non-B- @entity981 --can radiotherapy for prevention of @entity149 effectively be replaced by chemotherapy (intermediate dose @entity1499 )? 3. It is possible to reduce duration of maintenance therapy by 6 months to a total duration of 18 months with no unfavorable effect? To assess the radiation problem in standard risk @entity1 and to evaluate the importance of duration of maintenance therapy two randomisations have been utilized. After a median duration of study @entity981 -BFM 81 of 4 1/2 years and 3 1/4 years after the study had been closed (date of evaluation January 1, 87) the answers are as follows: 1. For the majority of @entity1 risk-adapted therapy had a curative effect. The probability for event-free survival (EFS) in standard risk @entity1 in slightly above 70%, in medium risk @entity1 67%. In high-risk @entity1 risk-adapted therapy did not improve prognosis, the EFS being still in the order of 50%. A good assessment of the individual risk for relapse is possible by the newly introduced risk factor. This principle is superior to the risk score used in former studies @entity981 -BFM 76 and @entity981 -BFM 79 because a low risk group (risk factor below 0.8) could be identified including approximately 25% of all @entity1 with non-B @entity981 . Selection, quality, and timing of therapy elements remain the decisive prognostic factors, however. 2. Standard risk @entity1 with a risk factor below 0.8 can effectively be protected for CNS relapse by treatment with intermediate dose @entity1499 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Treatment of @entity981 in childhood and adolescence: results of the multicenter therapy study XXXX -BFM 81].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['ALL']


abstract: In therapy study @entity981 -BFM 81 633 previously untreated @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) less than 18 years of age have been recruited from April 1, 1981 to September 30, 1983 and treated in 37 institutions throughout West-Germany and Austria. Here only therapy results of 611 @entity1 with non-B- @entity981 are presented. @entity1 with @entity981 of B-type are described elsewhere. In this fourth consecutive trial of the BFM study group three major questions have been asked: 1. Is it possible to assess the individual risk for relapse more accurately by the use of a risk factor rather than by the risk score which was the discriminator in studies @entity981 -BFM 76 and @entity981 -BFM 79? Does this risk factor discriminate more precisely @entity1 at the highest risk for relapse? Offers more intensive risk-adapted therapy to this @entity1 group a better chance for disease-free survival? 2. In @entity1 at a standard risk for relapse with a risk factor below 1.2--approximately 60% of @entity1 with non-B- @entity981 --can radiotherapy for prevention of @entity149 effectively be replaced by chemotherapy (intermediate dose @entity1499 )? 3. It is possible to reduce duration of maintenance therapy by 6 months to a total duration of 18 months with no unfavorable effect? To assess the radiation problem in standard risk @entity1 and to evaluate the importance of duration of maintenance therapy two randomisations have been utilized. After a median duration of study @entity981 -BFM 81 of 4 1/2 years and 3 1/4 years after the study had been closed (date of evaluation January 1, 87) the answers are as follows: 1. For the majority of @entity1 risk-adapted therapy had a curative effect. The probability for event-free survival (EFS) in standard risk @entity1 in slightly above 70%, in medium risk @entity1 67%. In high-risk @entity1 risk-adapted therapy did not improve prognosis, the EFS being still in the order of 50%. A good assessment of the individual risk for relapse is possible by the newly introduced risk factor. This principle is superior to the risk score used in former studies @entity981 -BFM 76 and @entity981 -BFM 79 because a low risk group (risk factor below 0.8) could be identified including approximately 25% of all @entity1 with non-B @entity981 . Selection, quality, and timing of therapy elements remain the decisive prognostic factors, however. 2. Standard risk @entity1 with a risk factor below 0.8 can effectively be protected for CNS relapse by treatment with intermediate dose @entity1499 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Treatment of XXXX in childhood and adolescence: results of the multicenter therapy study @entity981 -BFM 81].

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: Key discoveries in the past decade have revealed that the vascular endothelium is an important regulatory organ that is involved in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis in health and contributes significantly to the pathomechanism of several @entity65 . Occupying a strategically important location between circulating blood and tissues and having the ability to respond to changes in its physical, chemical, and humoral environment by the production of a host of biologically active substances, the normal endothelium modulates the tone of underlying vascular smooth muscle, maintains a nonadhesive luminal surface, and mediates hemostasis, cellular proliferation, and inflammatory and immune mechanisms in the vascular wall. Modulation of smooth-muscle tone is mediated by the synthesis release of endothelium-derived relaxing [PGI2, @entity12834 (NO), and EDHF] and contracting factors ( @entity1426 metabolites, @entity2232 , and @entity2178 ). Anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, and antithrombotic properties contribute to the maintenance of the fluidity of blood. Injury or activation (by cytokines) of endothelial cells disrupts these normal regulatory mechanisms and results in morphologic and functional alterations (phenotypic changes) commonly defined as @entity409 . Clinically, the "syndrome" of endothelial cell dysfunction can be described as generalized or localized vasospasm, @entity715 , @entity731 , and @entity256 . Although its importance is clearly established, no drugs used today were originally targeted for the treatment of @entity409 . Recent studies, however, showed that some existing therapies (e.g., angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) may protect the endothelium. Novel diagnostic techniques and innovative therapeutic strategies, based on the already known molecular mechanisms of @entity409 , are briefly outlined. Further knowledge of the pathobiology of the impaired endothelium will contribute to unraveling some of the remaining mysteries of many @entity65 and will enable us to design novel therapies to prevent and treat them.

title: The role of endothelium in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular homeostasis and diseases']


abstract: To determine the factors associated with @entity998 @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) in @entity8 ( @entity8 ), we performed echocardiography and gated cardiac scan on 217 nondiabetic dialysis and transplant @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity998 @entity1002 (ejection fraction less than 55% and left ventricular end diastolic diameter greater than or equal to 5.5 cm) in dialysis @entity1 was 18% and in transplant @entity1 2%. The 26 @entity1 with @entity1002 were compared to 52 controls without @entity1002 , matched by age, sex and year of starting treatment for @entity8 , but not for current @entity8 therapy. Mean age was 55 +/- (SEM) 14 years; 73% of the @entity1 in both groups were males. Duration of treatment for @entity8 was 5.6 +/- 4.3 years in @entity1 , compared to 5.1 +/- 4.1 years in controls. Significant differences between @entity1002 @entity1 and controls included current treatment (73% of cases were on hemodialysis and 8% were transplanted, compared to 48 and 42%; chi 2 = 9.9, p less than 0.01), high serum @entity1011 , smoking and high serum alkaline phosphatase. There were no differences for current blood pressure, proportion on treatment for @entity101 , left ventricular wall thickness, symptomatic @entity741 , proportion with functioning vascular access, degree of @entity1017 between dialyses, hemoglobin level or high transfusion requirement. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated the most significant and independent variables associated with @entity1002 were high alkaline phosphatase (suggestive of @entity2742 ), smoking and high serum @entity1011 levels (reflecting degree of @entity5507 ). Dialysis @entity1 with @entity1002 (n = 23) were compared to dialysis @entity1 who had normal echocardiograms (n = 29).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity998 XXXX in end-stage renal disease.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'endstage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low-output']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure', 'LVF']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular failure']


abstract: To determine the factors associated with @entity998 @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) in @entity8 ( @entity8 ), we performed echocardiography and gated cardiac scan on 217 nondiabetic dialysis and transplant @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity998 @entity1002 (ejection fraction less than 55% and left ventricular end diastolic diameter greater than or equal to 5.5 cm) in dialysis @entity1 was 18% and in transplant @entity1 2%. The 26 @entity1 with @entity1002 were compared to 52 controls without @entity1002 , matched by age, sex and year of starting treatment for @entity8 , but not for current @entity8 therapy. Mean age was 55 +/- (SEM) 14 years; 73% of the @entity1 in both groups were males. Duration of treatment for @entity8 was 5.6 +/- 4.3 years in @entity1 , compared to 5.1 +/- 4.1 years in controls. Significant differences between @entity1002 @entity1 and controls included current treatment (73% of cases were on hemodialysis and 8% were transplanted, compared to 48 and 42%; chi 2 = 9.9, p less than 0.01), high serum @entity1011 , smoking and high serum alkaline phosphatase. There were no differences for current blood pressure, proportion on treatment for @entity101 , left ventricular wall thickness, symptomatic @entity741 , proportion with functioning vascular access, degree of @entity1017 between dialyses, hemoglobin level or high transfusion requirement. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated the most significant and independent variables associated with @entity1002 were high alkaline phosphatase (suggestive of @entity2742 ), smoking and high serum @entity1011 levels (reflecting degree of @entity5507 ). Dialysis @entity1 with @entity1002 (n = 23) were compared to dialysis @entity1 who had normal echocardiograms (n = 29).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX @entity1002 in end-stage renal disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity998 :: (MESH:D002303,Disease) :: ['Low-output']


abstract: Cystic and keratinizing @entity2784 have been observed in @entity35 exposed chronically to a number of particulates. A variety of diagnostic terms have been applied to these @entity358 but no consensus exists as to their most proper morphological classification. In an attempt to obtain a consensus for cystic keratinizing @entity358 produced in @entity35 by Kevlar para-aramid fibrils and @entity3759 powder, a panel of medical and veterinary pathologists was invited to participate in a workshop addressing the morphology of the lesions and to reach a consensus on a suitable descriptive diagnostic term. All @entity1 agreed that the cystic keratinizing lesions were not malignant @entity5 . The majority was of the opinion that the lesions were not @entity5 . A minority (3/13) considered the lesions to be @entity5 . The panel considered that the most appropriate morphologic diagnosis for the lesions was "proliferative keratin cyst" ( @entity45 ). In addition, the panel agreed on the following descriptive text: "The lesions are cysts lined by a well-differentiated stratified squamous epithelium with a central keratin mass. Growth appears to have occurred by keratin accumulation and by peripheral extension of the metaplastic change into the adjacent alveolar spaces. The lesions are sharply demarcated except in those areas in which there has been extension of metaplasia into adjacent alveoli. The squamous epithelium has few @entity6578 and @entity1141 is absent."

title: "Proliferative keratin cyst," a lesion in the lungs of XXXX following chronic exposure to para-aramid fibrils.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic figures']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sarcopenia is an age-related @entity262 with @entity121 and loss in mass. Although the senescence-accelerated @entity19 P8 (SAMP8) was reported valid for muscular ageing research, there was no report on the details such as @entity6288 onset time. Therefore, this study was to investigate the change of muscle mass, structure and functions during the development of @entity6288 . Besides the average life span, muscle mass, structural and functional measurements were also studied. Male SAMP8 animals were examined at month 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, in which the right gastrocnemius was isolated and tested for ex vivo contractile properties and @entity346 while the contralateral one was harvested for muscle fiber cross-sectional area (FCSA) and typing assessments. Results showed that the peak of muscle mass appeared at month 7 and the onset of contractility decline was observed from month 8. Compared with month 8, most of the functional parameters at month 10 decreased significantly. Structurally, muscle fiber type IIA made up the largest proportion of the gastrocnemius, and the fiber size was found to peak at month 8. Based on the altered muscle mass, structural and functional outcomes, it was concluded that the onset of @entity6288 in SAMP8 animals was at month 8. SAMP8 animals at month 8 should be at pre- @entity6288 stage while month 10 at @entity6288 stage. It is confirmed that SAMP8 @entity19 can be used in @entity6288 research with established time line in this study.

title: Muscle mass, structural and functional investigations of senescence-accelerated XXXX P8 (SAMP8).

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['fatigability']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['progressive deterioration in skeletal muscle functions']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The well-organized study to support that increased @entity2963 and bile duct dilatation can occur after gastrectomy has not been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of @entity2963 and the degree of common bile duct (CBD) dilatation in @entity1 undergoing subtotal gastrectomy, compared to those undergoing endoscopic treatment for @entity356 . METHODS: @entity1 who diagnosed with @entity356 and received treatment at six academic referral centers were investigated for the incidence and time of @entity2963 and the degree of @entity1157 after treatment by analysis of 5-year follow-up CTs. The operation group underwent subtotal gastrectomy without vagotomy, while in the control group endoscopic treatment was administered for @entity356 . RESULTS: A total of 802 @entity1 were enrolled in 5-year analysis (735 @entity1 in the operation group and 67 @entity1 in the control group). @entity2963 occurred in 47 @entity1 (6.39%) in the operation group and 3 @entity1 (4.48%) in the control group (p=0.7909). The incidences of @entity2963 were 4.28% in Billoth-I and 7.89% in Billoth-II (p=0.0487). The diameter of proximal CBD and distal CBD increased by 1.11 mm and 1.41 mm, respectively, in the operation group, compared to 0.4 mm and 0.38 mm, respectively, in the control group (p  0.05). @entity1 with increased @entity1157 more than 5 mm showed statistically significant increases in alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity2963 was not increased due to subtotal gastrectomy without vagotomy, but the incidence was higher after Billoth-II compared to Billoth-I. In addition, significant change in the CBD diameter was observed after subtotal gastrectomy.

title: Clinical Significance of Biliary Dilatation and XXXX after Subtotal Gastrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['Cholelithiasis', 'cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['CBD dilatation']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity2963 :: (MESH:D002769,Disease) :: ['Cholelithiasis']