abstract: AIMS: The prevalence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and mortality with respect to glycaemic status in @entity1 with @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) was evaluated. Glycaemic status was assessed by an oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) and by HbA1c. METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 with @entity1028 admitted to the vascular surgery unit for elective surgery between October 2006 and September 2007 were included. Seven @entity1 had previously known @entity6 . OGTT and HbA1c results were available from 58 @entity1 . The @entity1 were categorized as having @entity6 , @entity5710 and normoglycaemia according to the WHO's and American @entity6 Association's criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of newly diagnosed @entity6 according to the OGTT and HbA1c results were 12% and 14% respectively. Mean follow-up time was 68months and all-cause mortality 43%. HbA1c was an independent predictor for mortality in the @entity6 category. Hazard ratio of all-cause mortality in the @entity6 category defined by the HbA1c values was 6.35, 95% [CI 1.49-27.1]; p = 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 defined by HbA1c>= 6.5% is an important determinant of mortality following surgical treatment for @entity1028 . Half the @entity1 with @entity1028 and @entity6 were unaware of their @entity6 diagnosis. All @entity1 with @entity1028 should be tested for @entity6 using HbA1c. The results should be confirmed in a larger prospective study.

title: XXXX - glycaemic status and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 and a large area of necrotic bone are known risk factors for failure of transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy of the hip in @entity1 with @entity2530 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are other risk factors for failure of this osteotomy. METHODS: One hundred and five @entity1 (113 @entity572 ) underwent an anterior transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for the treatment of @entity2738 and were followed for a mean of 51.3 months postoperatively. Radiographic failure was defined as secondary collapse or osteoarthritic change. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess factors associated with secondary collapse and @entity5040 formation. The Kaplan-Meier product-limit method was used to estimate survival. RESULTS: Secondary collapse occurred in twenty-seven @entity572 (24%), and fourteen @entity572 (12%) were converted to a total hip arthroplasty. At the time of the most recent follow-up, the hip scores according to the system of Merle d'Aubign   et al. ranged from 6 to 18 points (mean, 15.8 points). Multivariate analysis showed that the stage of the @entity39 (III or greater) (hazard ratio = 3.28; 95% confidence interval = 1.49 to 7.24), age of the @entity1 (forty years or older) (hazard ratio = 1.08; 95% confidence interval = 1.02 to 1.14), body mass index (>= 24 kg/m(2)) (hazard ratio = 1.19; 95% confidence interval = 1.03 to 1.38), and extent of the @entity39 (a combined necrotic angle of >= 230  ) (hazard ratio = 1.08; 95% confidence interval = 1.04 to 1.11) were associated with secondary collapse. Seven of the eighty-six @entity572 without collapse showed progression to @entity571 . The survival rate at 110 months was 63.4% (95% confidence interval = 51.1% to 75.7%) with total hip arthroplasty or radiographic failure as the end point and 56.0% (95% confidence interval = 44.6% to 67.4%) with total hip arthroplasty, radiographic failure, or loss to follow-up as the end point. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that age, body mass index, and the stage and extent of the @entity2530 were determining factors for secondary collapse, unsatisfactory clinical results, and conversion to total hip arthroplasty. These factors should be considered when selecting @entity1 for a transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy.

title: Effects of age and body mass index on the results of transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for XXXX : surgical technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced-stage osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophyte']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: There are many treatments available for advanced @entity5 . Organ-sparing protocols reserve surgery for salvage and are thought to provide adequate rehabilitation. Surgical resection with free tissue transfer may also provide adequate functional rehabilitation. The objective was to describe swallowing status and time to decannulation in a series of @entity1 treated with combined-modality therapy that included free flap reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: @entity1 data were obtained from medical records of 20 @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity189 , who were consecutively treated with surgical @entity5 extirpation, free flap reconstruction, and postoperative irradiation at a tertiary academic center from 1985 to 2002. The following variables were identified: @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, free flap type, irradiation data, and airway and swallowing status before and after treatment. RESULTS: One @entity1 underwent total laryngopharyngectomy, and the remaining 19 @entity1 underwent tracheotomy at the time of definitive surgery. Free flap reconstructions included 1 ulnar and 15 radial forearm fasciocutaneous flaps and 4 fibula osteocutaneous flaps. Postoperatively, all 19 tracheotomized @entity1 had successful decannulation. Average time to decannulation was 15 days (range, 3-42 d). After surgery and before irradiation, 13 @entity1 initiated oral intake, on average, at 19.5 days (range, 7-28 d); 6 @entity1 required no additional supplementation. By 4 months after surgery, having completed radiation therapy, 10 @entity1 were consuming all nutrition orally; the other 10 @entity1 still required tube-feed supplementation, although 6 of these @entity1 were also eating by mouth. CONCLUSION: Combined-modality treatment that includes free flap reconstruction for advanced-stage @entity5 may provide reasonable functional rehabilitation with respect to postoperative airway and swallowing.

title: Swallowing function and tracheotomy dependence after combined-modality treatment including free tissue transfer for advanced-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oropharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Studies of immediate postoperative @entity2103 following parotidectomy focus on benign disease. The purpose of the study was to compare @entity2103 with regard to benign or @entity5 in @entity1 undergoing superficial parotidectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of consecutive @entity1 undergoing parotidectomy between 1995 to 2002. METHODS: House-Brackmann (HB) grade was recorded or assigned at the first postoperative visit. For @entity1 with HB grade of III or greater, final resolution of @entity2103 was recorded. A chi2 analysis for independence was conducted between @entity1 with HB grade of II or less and those with HB grade of III or greater and final pathological finding (benign vs. @entity5 ). Mean and median times to resolution were determined for @entity1 with HB grade of III or greater. Times to resolution for benign and @entity5 for those with HB grade of III or greater were compared (Kaplan-Meier method). RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with benign disease and 52 with @entity5 were included. Ninety-four percent of @entity1 with benign disease had HB grade of II or less at first postoperative visit (mean period, 11.6 d) compared with 76.9% of @entity1 with @entity5 (mean period, 12.4 d). A chi2 analysis found this difference significant (chi2 = 7.36, P =.0067). Time to resolution for HB grade of III or greater was 253.8 days (+/-168.2 d) with median time of 229.5 days for benign disease and 182.4 days (+/-134.6 d) with median time of 138 days for @entity5 . Kaplan-Meier comparison found no significant differences in time to final resolution (P =.83). Three @entity1 in the group with @entity5 had @entity409 (one @entity1 for >2 y). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with benign disease have a greater chance of having HB grade of II or less immediately following surgery; however, whether the disease is benign or malignant, long-term final @entity2103 is the same.

title: The impact of @entity5 on XXXX after parotidectomy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['unresolved dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

answer: @entity2103 :: (MESH:D005155,Disease) :: ['facial nerve function']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Studies of immediate postoperative @entity2103 following parotidectomy focus on benign disease. The purpose of the study was to compare @entity2103 with regard to benign or @entity5 in @entity1 undergoing superficial parotidectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of consecutive @entity1 undergoing parotidectomy between 1995 to 2002. METHODS: House-Brackmann (HB) grade was recorded or assigned at the first postoperative visit. For @entity1 with HB grade of III or greater, final resolution of @entity2103 was recorded. A chi2 analysis for independence was conducted between @entity1 with HB grade of II or less and those with HB grade of III or greater and final pathological finding (benign vs. @entity5 ). Mean and median times to resolution were determined for @entity1 with HB grade of III or greater. Times to resolution for benign and @entity5 for those with HB grade of III or greater were compared (Kaplan-Meier method). RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with benign disease and 52 with @entity5 were included. Ninety-four percent of @entity1 with benign disease had HB grade of II or less at first postoperative visit (mean period, 11.6 d) compared with 76.9% of @entity1 with @entity5 (mean period, 12.4 d). A chi2 analysis found this difference significant (chi2 = 7.36, P =.0067). Time to resolution for HB grade of III or greater was 253.8 days (+/-168.2 d) with median time of 229.5 days for benign disease and 182.4 days (+/-134.6 d) with median time of 138 days for @entity5 . Kaplan-Meier comparison found no significant differences in time to final resolution (P =.83). Three @entity1 in the group with @entity5 had @entity409 (one @entity1 for >2 y). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with benign disease have a greater chance of having HB grade of II or less immediately following surgery; however, whether the disease is benign or malignant, long-term final @entity2103 is the same.

title: The impact of XXXX on @entity2103 after parotidectomy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of @entity5142 in @entity1 with @entity2883 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was undertaken to review all @entity1 evaluated in an otolaryngology-head and neck surgery department between 1993 and 2001 for active symptoms attributed to @entity5142 who had undergone cytoplasmic staining antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody and perninuclear staining antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody testing and who had a clinical diagnosis of @entity2883 . RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were identified with @entity2883 and @entity5142 . Among these, 11 of 27 (40.7%) underwent tracheotomy; 13 of 27 (48.1%) required multiple surgical procedures. A history of open laryngotracheal repair was present in 7 of 27 @entity1 (25.9%). @entity515 laser resection and dilation was used in 12 of 27 @entity1 (44.4%). Three of 27 @entity1 (11.1%) had a tracheotomy at last follow-up. @entity1 were followed for an average duration of 76.8 months (6.4 y) from the onset of symptoms attributed to @entity5142 . All @entity1 who underwent open laryngotracheal reconstruction had successful decannulation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2883 is a @entity1333 that can involve the subglottis. Our approach to airway management in these @entity1 involves a tracheotomy if obstruction occurs during acute inflammatory activity. We recommend minimizing airway manipulation during episodes of @entity262 activity. Once control of the disease process is obtained, consideration is given to either an endoscopic or an open approach based on the extent of @entity850 . Either laryngotracheal reconstruction or @entity515 laser resection and dilation may be undertaken with safety and should result in favorable outcomes.

title: @entity5142 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of @entity5142 in @entity1 with @entity2883 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was undertaken to review all @entity1 evaluated in an otolaryngology-head and neck surgery department between 1993 and 2001 for active symptoms attributed to @entity5142 who had undergone cytoplasmic staining antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody and perninuclear staining antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody testing and who had a clinical diagnosis of @entity2883 . RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were identified with @entity2883 and @entity5142 . Among these, 11 of 27 (40.7%) underwent tracheotomy; 13 of 27 (48.1%) required multiple surgical procedures. A history of open laryngotracheal repair was present in 7 of 27 @entity1 (25.9%). @entity515 laser resection and dilation was used in 12 of 27 @entity1 (44.4%). Three of 27 @entity1 (11.1%) had a tracheotomy at last follow-up. @entity1 were followed for an average duration of 76.8 months (6.4 y) from the onset of symptoms attributed to @entity5142 . All @entity1 who underwent open laryngotracheal reconstruction had successful decannulation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2883 is a @entity1333 that can involve the subglottis. Our approach to airway management in these @entity1 involves a tracheotomy if obstruction occurs during acute inflammatory activity. We recommend minimizing airway manipulation during episodes of @entity262 activity. Once control of the disease process is obtained, consideration is given to either an endoscopic or an open approach based on the extent of @entity850 . Either laryngotracheal reconstruction or @entity515 laser resection and dilation may be undertaken with safety and should result in favorable outcomes.

title: XXXX associated with @entity2883 .

answer: @entity5142 :: (MESH:D007829,Disease) :: ['Subglottic stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3541 is a rare but devastating complication of cochlear implant surgery. The aims of the study were to define the incidence of @entity3541 in our series and understand possible mechanisms of injury. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review and case reports. METHODS: Charts were reviewed of all 705 @entity1 implanted between 1980 and 2002 at the authors' institutions to identify those with postoperative @entity425 and determine incidence. For @entity1 with @entity425 , onset, degree, and timing of @entity912 were noted; clinical findings were correlated to operative report findings. The method of treatment was noted, and the final facial nerve function outcome was recorded. RESULTS: Five @entity1 (one @entity1 and four adults) were found to have postoperative @entity425 , for an incidence of 0.71%. This complication was delayed in all cases, ranging from 18 hours to 19 days postoperatively. All @entity1 were treated with @entity230 or @entity230 combined with antiviral medication, and all ultimately recovered normal facial function. CONCLUSIONS: In the study series, the incidence of @entity3541 following cochlear implant surgery was 0.71%. Possible mechanisms of injury included @entity130 and viral reactivation. All @entity1 presented with a delayed @entity3541 and did recover normal facial nerve function.

title: XXXX following cochlear implant surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve weakness']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['Facial nerve paralysis', 'facial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['heating injury']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['Facial nerve paralysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although complications ( @entity281 , development of granulation tissue) of @entity1346 @entity5274 have been reported, the microbiological consequences and the origin of granulation tissue have not yet been evaluated. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective trial. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity5274 from 10 @entity1 were analyzed with regard to the development of granulation tissue, bacterial growth (including genotyping with polymerase chain reaction), and results of sensitivity testing. Furthermore, stent sterilization (n = 6) was investigated. RESULTS: Granulation tissue occurred with 74% of the stents, and all specimens showed signs of @entity281 but no foreign body reaction. The predominant organisms were @entity794 (35%) and @entity796 (17%). The differences between groups with and without granulation tissue were significant for @entity796 . Polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting of the @entity794 obtained from 15 stents (n = 3 @entity1 ) revealed a total of seven different genotypes. Whereas two of these @entity1 harbored six different genotypes of @entity794 , the third @entity1 was persistently colonized by @entity794 over a 15-month period with the identical genotype. Susceptibility testing showed most commonly (65%) sensitivity to a combination of @entity115 - @entity798 and @entity800 . After sterilization, 92% of analyzed stent segments showed no bacterial growth. CONCLUSIONS: Granulation tissue commonly occurred next to the @entity1346 (subglottic area, stoma) where @entity794 and @entity796 were commonly isolated. A combination of mechanical irritation and @entity2348 seems to account for the development of granulation tissue. Polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting showed both prolonged persistence and a change of colonizing strains after multiple stent replacements. A combination of @entity115 - @entity798 and @entity800 is the most effective antibiotic therapy. Sterilization of the cost-intensive @entity1346 stents is feasible, and reuse in the same @entity1 is justifiable from economic aspects.

title: Bacteria and granulation tissue associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['Montgomery T-tubes']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['Montgomery T-tubes']


abstract: The following is Part B of a two-part study. Part A evaluated, biomechanically, intramedullary (IM) nails versus locking plates for fixation of an extra-articular, metaphyseal wedge @entity174 in @entity79 . Part B of this study introduces deterministic finite element (FE) models of each construct type in @entity79 and investigates the probability of @entity3564 of the locking plate compared with the retrograde IM nail using Monte Carlo simulation. Deterministic FE models of the @entity174 implanted with IM nail and locking plate, respectively, were developed and validated using experimental data presented in Part A of this study. The models were validated by comparing the load-displacement curve of the experimental data with the load-displacement curve of the FE simulation with a root-mean square error of less than 3  mm. The validated FE models were then modified by defining the cortical and cancellous bone modulus of elasticity as uncertain variables that could be assumed to vary randomly. Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate the @entity174 ( @entity174 ) of each fixation. The @entity174 represents the cumulative probability that the predicted shear stresses in the cortical bone will exceed the expected shear strength of the cortical bone. This investigation provides information regarding the significance of post-operative damage accumulation on the @entity174 of the implanted bones when the two fixations are used. The probabilistic analysis found the locking plate fixation to have a higher @entity174 than the IM nail fixation under the applied loading conditions (locking plate 21.8% versus IM nail 0.019%).

title: Experimental and probabilistic analysis of distal femoral XXXX : a comparison of locking plate and intramedullary nail fixation. Part B: probabilistic investigation.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['synthetic osteoporotic bone']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured femur', 'fracture', 'probability of fracture', 'POF']

answer: @entity3564 :: (MESH:D057068,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare outcomes in two groups of @entity1 with kept and discarded @entity5274 after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) complicated with @entity548 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred @entity1 who had undergone PCNL complicated with @entity548 were recruited in this study. @entity1 were randomly allocated to two groups: group A, who underwent tubeless PCNL and tract port was packed for 3 to 4 minutes after removing Amplatz sheath, and group B, for whom a 24-F @entity5274 was left in place at the end of the procedure. @entity1 were followed up for 3 months to check if @entity548 occurred. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 68    4.3 minutes in group A and 74    5.6 minutes in group B (P = .098). The mean stone size was similar in groups A and B (36.26    5.3 mm versus 35.35    5.85 mm; P = .613). The mean hemoglobin drop was 3.65    1.20 g/dL in group A and 3.13    1.06 g/dL in group B. There was no significant difference between the mean of stone free rate in groups A and B (92.58%    5.97 versus 89.60%    8.3; P = .210). @entity1 in group A experienced a significantly less duration of hospitalization than group B (2.42    0.84 days versus 3.70    0.80 days; P < .001). CONCLUSION: In the absence of clear indication, @entity5274 insertion after PCNL does not seem to be beneficial, and its removal does not pose @entity1 at any additional risk.

title: Does XXXX during percutaneous nephrolithotomy necessitate keeping the @entity5274 ? A randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['nephrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare outcomes in two groups of @entity1 with kept and discarded @entity5274 after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) complicated with @entity548 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred @entity1 who had undergone PCNL complicated with @entity548 were recruited in this study. @entity1 were randomly allocated to two groups: group A, who underwent tubeless PCNL and tract port was packed for 3 to 4 minutes after removing Amplatz sheath, and group B, for whom a 24-F @entity5274 was left in place at the end of the procedure. @entity1 were followed up for 3 months to check if @entity548 occurred. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 68    4.3 minutes in group A and 74    5.6 minutes in group B (P = .098). The mean stone size was similar in groups A and B (36.26    5.3 mm versus 35.35    5.85 mm; P = .613). The mean hemoglobin drop was 3.65    1.20 g/dL in group A and 3.13    1.06 g/dL in group B. There was no significant difference between the mean of stone free rate in groups A and B (92.58%    5.97 versus 89.60%    8.3; P = .210). @entity1 in group A experienced a significantly less duration of hospitalization than group B (2.42    0.84 days versus 3.70    0.80 days; P < .001). CONCLUSION: In the absence of clear indication, @entity5274 insertion after PCNL does not seem to be beneficial, and its removal does not pose @entity1 at any additional risk.

title: Does @entity548 during percutaneous nephrolithotomy necessitate keeping the XXXX ? A randomized controlled clinical trial.

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['nephrostomy tube']


abstract: The genome of @entity46088 encodes a range of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) that mediate plant biomass deconstruction by this bacterium. Two GH-based genomic loci that appear to be central to the hydrolysis of hemicellulosic and cellulosic substrates were examined. XynB-XynF (Csac_2404-Csac_2411) encodes intracellular and extracellular GHs that are active towards xylan and xylan side-chains, as well as @entity5070 cellulose (CMC). XynD (Csac_2409) and XynE (Csac_2410) were produced recombinantly and confirmed to be xylanases. XynF (Csac_2411) was produced in two separate polypeptides, each with one GH43 catalytic domain displaying a-L-arabinofuranosidase activity. CelA-ManB (Csac_1076-Csac_1080) encodes four multi-domain, extracellular GHs, including CelB (Csac_1078), a 118 kDa extracellular enzyme not present in the other genome-sequenced member of this genus, @entity57678 (formerly @entity57678 ). CelB contains both GH10 and GH5 domains, separated by a family 3 @entity1735 -binding module (CBM3). CelB encoded in Csac_1078 differed from the version originally reported (Saul et al., 1990, Appl Environ Microbiol 56:3117   3124) with respect to linker regions. CelB hydrolyzed xylan and CMC, as well as @entity2247 b-glucan, glucomannan, and @entity26979 . For all substrates tested, intact CelB was significantly more active than either the individual GH5 and GH10 domains or the two discrete domains together, indicating that the multi-domain architecture is essential for complex @entity1735 hydrolysis. Transcriptomes for @entity46088 grown at 70  C on @entity413 , @entity6122 , xyloglucan, @entity13254 , and poplar revealed that certain GHs were particularly responsive to growth on @entity13254 and poplar and that CelB was in the top decile of all transcripts during growth on the plant biomass.

title: Glycoside hydrolase inventory drives plant polysaccharide deconstruction by the extremely thermophilic bacterium XXXX .

entities_list: @entity57678 :: ('31899', 'Species') :: ['Caldicellulosiruptor bescii', 'Anaerocellum thermophilum']

entities_list: @entity26979 :: ('MESH:C085118', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinoxylan']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity46088 :: ('44001', 'Species') :: ['C. saccharolyticus', 'Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus']

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethyl']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity46088 :: (44001,Species) :: ['Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epicardial fat (EF) is the visceral fat of the heart deposited under the visceral layer of the pericardium and has the same origin as abdominal visceral fat, which is shown to be strongly related to the development of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). We measured the volume of EF (EFV) by 64-multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and studied the relationship between EFV and the severity of @entity453 . HYPOTHESIS: Epicardial fat volume increases steeply in @entity1 with significant @entity3979 and in those with severe @entity729 . METHODS: We studied 197 @entity1 with suspected @entity453 who underwent 64-MDCT and coronary angiography. @entity299 (3.0 mm thick) from base to apex (30 to 40 slices per heart) were traced semiautomatically and EFV was measured by assigning Hounsfield units ranging from -30 to -250 to fat. RESULTS: Epicardial fat volume was 99.4    40.0 ml (range, 11.6 to 263.8 mL) and coronary artery @entity460 score (CACS) was 267.2    605.1 (range, 0 to 3780). There was a significant relationship between EFV and CACS (r=0.210, P=0.003). @entity1 with EFV >100 had a CACS that was significantly higher than in those with EFV <100 (384.0    782.0 vs 174.8    395.6; P = 0.016). The incidence of significant @entity453 was significantly higher in @entity1 with EFV >100 compared with those with EFV <100 (40.2% vs 22.7%; P=0.008). The EFV was significantly higher in @entity1 with severe @entity3979 and in those with severe @entity729 (CACS >400). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that EFV was associated with @entity453 , and EFV increased steeply in @entity1 with severe @entity3979 and in those with severe @entity729 .

title: Relationship between epicardial fat measured by 64-multidetector computed tomography and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cross-sectional tomographic cardiac slices']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The development of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has resulted in the discovery of unsuspected endocrinologically silent pituitary masses ( @entity700 ). The aim of this study was to perform a national survey on @entity700 in order to establish an appropriate approach to them. DESIGN AND METHODS: Five hundred and six @entity1 with @entity700 were obtained by questionnaire from March 1999 to May 2000 under the auspices of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan. Two hundred and fifty-eight @entity1 underwent surgery (surgical group), while 248 @entity1 were followed up conservatively for a mean period of 26.9 Months (range 6-173 Months) (non-surgical group). Clinical and biochemical assessment, CT or MRI of the pituitary, and visual field testing by Goldman perimetry were assessed at baseline and 6 Months and Yearly thereafter. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity700 (13.3%) developed @entity5 enlargement during the mean follow-up period of 45.5 Months. Of 115 estimated non-functioning @entity652 , 23 @entity5 (20.0%) increased during a mean follow-up period of 50.7 Months (range 10-173 Months), while 5 of 94 (5.3%) estimated Rathke's cysts increased in size during follow-up. Pituitary apoplexy occurred in one of 248 @entity1 (0.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Pituitary incidentalomas usually follow a benign course. We recommend transsphenoidal adenectomy for a solid mass attached to the optic chiasma estimated to be a @entity977 by MRI. Other @entity1 should be followed up by MRI every 6 Months for the first 2 Years, and then Yearly.

title: A survey of XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity700 :: ('MESH:C538238', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary incidentalomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity700 :: (MESH:C538238,Disease) :: ['pituitary incidentaloma']


abstract: Anticancer therapy predisposes @entity1 to infections by the immunosuppression that results from treatment. Although 85% of @entity1 with @entity7578 ( @entity7578 ) have concurrent @entity645 / @entity791 , @entity7578 can also develop in @entity1 after they receive chemotherapy for @entity5 . The case herein describes a 69-year-old @entity1 with history of @entity706 who presented with progressive @entity4653 and right-sided @entity912 . He received rituximab one year prior to presentation. PET scan suggested no recurrence of @entity706 . Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was negative and showed fewer than 500   copies/mL of @entity8315 . However, brain biopsy showed chromatin margination and viropathic change within oligodendrocytes, confirming @entity7578 . He was started on @entity13332 and @entity8775 with some clinical improvement. To our knowledge, this is the first case of rituximab-associated @entity7578 in a @entity1 with negative @entity8315 PCR from the CSF. Recognition of @entity7578 in the differential of oncology @entity1 with CNS symptoms is an important consideration as we enter the @entity7971 of targeted therapy and personalized @entity5 medicine involving biologics. Furthermore, screening of @entity1 for presence of @entity646 prior to the use of biologics may be an important component of assessing @entity1 candidacy for these agents.

title: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with Negative XXXX PCR following Treatment of @entity706 : Implications for Biologics in the @entity7971 of Targeted @entity5 Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

entities_list: @entity646 :: ('MESH:D014766', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical JC viremia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity7578 :: ('MESH:D007968', 'Disease') :: ['progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy', 'PML']

answer: @entity8315 :: (10632,Species) :: ['JC Virus']


abstract: Anticancer therapy predisposes @entity1 to infections by the immunosuppression that results from treatment. Although 85% of @entity1 with @entity7578 ( @entity7578 ) have concurrent @entity645 / @entity791 , @entity7578 can also develop in @entity1 after they receive chemotherapy for @entity5 . The case herein describes a 69-year-old @entity1 with history of @entity706 who presented with progressive @entity4653 and right-sided @entity912 . He received rituximab one year prior to presentation. PET scan suggested no recurrence of @entity706 . Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was negative and showed fewer than 500   copies/mL of @entity8315 . However, brain biopsy showed chromatin margination and viropathic change within oligodendrocytes, confirming @entity7578 . He was started on @entity13332 and @entity8775 with some clinical improvement. To our knowledge, this is the first case of rituximab-associated @entity7578 in a @entity1 with negative @entity8315 PCR from the CSF. Recognition of @entity7578 in the differential of oncology @entity1 with CNS symptoms is an important consideration as we enter the @entity7971 of targeted therapy and personalized @entity5 medicine involving biologics. Furthermore, screening of @entity1 for presence of @entity646 prior to the use of biologics may be an important component of assessing @entity1 candidacy for these agents.

title: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with Negative @entity8315 PCR following Treatment of @entity706 : Implications for Biologics in the XXXX of Targeted @entity5 Therapy.

answer: @entity7971 :: (26284,Gene) :: ['Era']


abstract: Anticancer therapy predisposes @entity1 to infections by the immunosuppression that results from treatment. Although 85% of @entity1 with @entity7578 ( @entity7578 ) have concurrent @entity645 / @entity791 , @entity7578 can also develop in @entity1 after they receive chemotherapy for @entity5 . The case herein describes a 69-year-old @entity1 with history of @entity706 who presented with progressive @entity4653 and right-sided @entity912 . He received rituximab one year prior to presentation. PET scan suggested no recurrence of @entity706 . Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was negative and showed fewer than 500   copies/mL of @entity8315 . However, brain biopsy showed chromatin margination and viropathic change within oligodendrocytes, confirming @entity7578 . He was started on @entity13332 and @entity8775 with some clinical improvement. To our knowledge, this is the first case of rituximab-associated @entity7578 in a @entity1 with negative @entity8315 PCR from the CSF. Recognition of @entity7578 in the differential of oncology @entity1 with CNS symptoms is an important consideration as we enter the @entity7971 of targeted therapy and personalized @entity5 medicine involving biologics. Furthermore, screening of @entity1 for presence of @entity646 prior to the use of biologics may be an important component of assessing @entity1 candidacy for these agents.

title: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with Negative @entity8315 PCR following Treatment of XXXX : Implications for Biologics in the @entity7971 of Targeted @entity5 Therapy.

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Follicular Lymphoma']


abstract: Anticancer therapy predisposes @entity1 to infections by the immunosuppression that results from treatment. Although 85% of @entity1 with @entity7578 ( @entity7578 ) have concurrent @entity645 / @entity791 , @entity7578 can also develop in @entity1 after they receive chemotherapy for @entity5 . The case herein describes a 69-year-old @entity1 with history of @entity706 who presented with progressive @entity4653 and right-sided @entity912 . He received rituximab one year prior to presentation. PET scan suggested no recurrence of @entity706 . Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was negative and showed fewer than 500   copies/mL of @entity8315 . However, brain biopsy showed chromatin margination and viropathic change within oligodendrocytes, confirming @entity7578 . He was started on @entity13332 and @entity8775 with some clinical improvement. To our knowledge, this is the first case of rituximab-associated @entity7578 in a @entity1 with negative @entity8315 PCR from the CSF. Recognition of @entity7578 in the differential of oncology @entity1 with CNS symptoms is an important consideration as we enter the @entity7971 of targeted therapy and personalized @entity5 medicine involving biologics. Furthermore, screening of @entity1 for presence of @entity646 prior to the use of biologics may be an important component of assessing @entity1 candidacy for these agents.

title: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with Negative @entity8315 PCR following Treatment of @entity706 : Implications for Biologics in the @entity7971 of Targeted XXXX Therapy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1184 ( @entity1184 ) is considered the most common cause of upper respiratory tract obstruction among @entity1 . It results in a spectrum of symptoms from mouth @entity1353 , nasal obstruction, hyponasal speech, snoring, and @entity27 ( @entity27 ) to growth failure and @entity65 . Adenotonsillectomy is a typical strategy for @entity1 with @entity1184 , but may lead to serious complications such as @entity548 (4-5%) and postoperative respiratory compromise (27%), especially among young @entity1 , as well as recurrence of adenoid tissue (10-20%). Thus, non-surgical therapies have attracted considerable attention as an alternative strategy. The inflammatory mechanism proposed for @entity1184 has lead to the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to manage this condition. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of chewable tablets of @entity5203 , a @entity6954 - @entity4352 receptor antagonist, in @entity1 with @entity1184 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty @entity1 between the ages of 4-12 years with >75% choanal obstruction on primary nasal endoscopy were recruited in this randomized, placebo-controlled trial and randomly divided into two groups. The study group was treated with @entity5203 5 mg daily for 12 weeks while the control group received matching placebo for the same period of time. A questionnaire was completed by each @entity1 's parent/guardian to assess the severity of sleep discomfort, snoring, and mouth @entity1353 before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Adenoid size decreased in 76% of the study group compared with 3% of the placebo group after 12 weeks. A statically significant improvement was observed in the study group compared with the placebo group in terms of sleep discomfort, snoring, and mouth @entity1353 . The symptoms average total score dropped from 7.7 to 3.3 in the study group, while in the placebo group the total score changed from 7.4 to 6.7. CONCLUSION: @entity5203 chewable tablets achieved a significant reduction in adenoid size and improved the related clinical symptoms of @entity1184 and can therefore be considered an effective alternative to surgical treatment in @entity1 with @entity1184 .

title: XXXX in Adenoid Hypertrophy: Its Effect on Size and Symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Adenotonsillar hypertrophy', 'adenoid hypertrophy', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity5203 :: ('MESH:C093875', 'Chemical') :: ['montelukast', 'Montelukast']

entities_list: @entity6954 :: ('CHEBI:23511', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteinyl']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity5203 :: (MESH:C093875,Chemical) :: ['Montelukast']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4153 of the esophagus (PSCEC) associated with @entity8231 is a rare disease characterized with rapid growth rate, @entity3 at the time of diagnosis, and poor prognosis. The lung is the most common site for @entity4153 but this malignancy includes 0.1% to 1% of all gastrointestinal and 0.8% to 2.7% of @entity5 . So far more than 200 cases of PSCEC have been reported in literature. CASE REPORT: The @entity1 is a 54-year-old female from the Golestan province who presented with @entity1282 , 19 kg-weight loss (from 105 kgs to 86 kgs), and excessive sweating. She was admitted in the thoracic surgery ward, at Ghaem Hospital, in the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, with a pathological diagnosis of @entity4153 . She underwent transhiatal total esophagectomy. Excessive sweating was eradicated after surgery and she was discharged after 13 days without any complication. She received chemotherapy and at her 5-year follow up, she showed no recurrence or @entity3 . CONCLUSION: PSCEC usually requires chemotherapy with or without surgery. A favorable outcome, with total resection of the lesion combined with chemotherapy, was obtained. However, due to the rarity of the disease there is no definitive choice of treatment.

title: Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus (PSCEC) Associated with XXXX : A Case Report and Literature Review.

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'Primary small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic sweating syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity8231 :: (MESH:D010257,Disease) :: ['Paraneoplastic Sweating Syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The alpha4-subunit gene of the neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptor ( @entity6786 ) has been identified as the first gene underlying an idiopathic @entity302 in @entity1 @entity4940 . Studies provided evidence that the protein coded by @entity6786 is one of the most abundant subunits of the neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptors in @entity1 brains, and mutations of @entity6786 seem to cause @entity528 . The @entity6786 gene may have a role in the development of @entity410 ( @entity410 ), the majority of childhood @entity410 . This study assessed the distribution of genotypes of @entity6786 in @entity1 with @entity410 . METHODS: A total of 102 @entity1 with @entity410 and 80 normal control subjects were included in the study. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the @entity6344 polymorphism of the @entity6786 gene. Genotypes and allelic frequencies for the @entity6786 gene polymorphisms in both groups were compared. RESULTS: The number of individuals with heterozygous @entity6786 ( @entity72787 )-C/T genotype was significantly greater (60.8% vs. 32.5%; p = 0.001), and the @entity6786 ( @entity72787 )-T allele frequency was significantly higher (p = 0.001), in @entity1 with @entity410 compared with healthy controls. The odds ratio for developing @entity410 in individuals with the @entity6786 ( @entity72787 )-CT genotype was 3.77 compared with individuals with two copies of the @entity6786 ( @entity72787 )-C allele. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated an association between the @entity6786 gene and @entity410 . Individuals with the T allele had a higher incidence of @entity410 . These data suggest that the @entity6786 gene or a closely linked gene might be one of the susceptibility factors for @entity410 .

title: Association of the neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptor subunit alpha4 polymorphisms with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C/T']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'FCs', 'febrile convulsions']

entities_list: @entity72787 :: ('p|SUB|S|543|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser543Ser']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['partial epilepsy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal excitation']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['febrile convulsions']


abstract: PURPOSE: The alpha4-subunit gene of the neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptor ( @entity6786 ) has been identified as the first gene underlying an idiopathic @entity302 in @entity1 @entity4940 . Studies provided evidence that the protein coded by @entity6786 is one of the most abundant subunits of the neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptors in @entity1 brains, and mutations of @entity6786 seem to cause @entity528 . The @entity6786 gene may have a role in the development of @entity410 ( @entity410 ), the majority of childhood @entity410 . This study assessed the distribution of genotypes of @entity6786 in @entity1 with @entity410 . METHODS: A total of 102 @entity1 with @entity410 and 80 normal control subjects were included in the study. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the @entity6344 polymorphism of the @entity6786 gene. Genotypes and allelic frequencies for the @entity6786 gene polymorphisms in both groups were compared. RESULTS: The number of individuals with heterozygous @entity6786 ( @entity72787 )-C/T genotype was significantly greater (60.8% vs. 32.5%; p = 0.001), and the @entity6786 ( @entity72787 )-T allele frequency was significantly higher (p = 0.001), in @entity1 with @entity410 compared with healthy controls. The odds ratio for developing @entity410 in individuals with the @entity6786 ( @entity72787 )-CT genotype was 3.77 compared with individuals with two copies of the @entity6786 ( @entity72787 )-C allele. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated an association between the @entity6786 gene and @entity410 . Individuals with the T allele had a higher incidence of @entity410 . These data suggest that the @entity6786 gene or a closely linked gene might be one of the susceptibility factors for @entity410 .

title: Association of the neuronal nicotinic XXXX receptor subunit alpha4 polymorphisms with @entity410 .

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and complications of @entity2998 as a palliative measure in the control of intractable @entity548 from advanced pelvic @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Six @entity1 (mean age 80 years, range 76-87) with advanced pelvic @entity5 (three each with @entity150 and @entity263 ) underwent embolization between September 1997 and July 2001, using permanent coils in the anterior division of internal iliac artery bilaterally. RESULTS: All @entity1 had undergone conservative treatment before embolization for a mean of 2 days. The mean requirement for transfusion before embolization was 3.2 units. All @entity1 except one were successfully embolized in a single setting with no complications. Bleeding was successfully controlled in one @entity1 at the second attempt of embolization. There were minor complications, e.g. @entity390 , @entity391 or fever, for a mean of 2 days, responding well to conservative treatment. At a mean follow-up of 22 months, no @entity1 had a recurrence of @entity548 . CONCLUSION: Internal iliac artery embolization is a feasible, effective and minimally invasive option in managing advanced pelvic @entity5 presenting with intractable @entity548 ; it should be bilateral and permanent.

title: Therapeutic transcatheter arterial embolization in the management of intractable XXXX from pelvic @entity5 : preliminary experience and long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urological malignancies', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['internal iliac artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and complications of @entity2998 as a palliative measure in the control of intractable @entity548 from advanced pelvic @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Six @entity1 (mean age 80 years, range 76-87) with advanced pelvic @entity5 (three each with @entity150 and @entity263 ) underwent embolization between September 1997 and July 2001, using permanent coils in the anterior division of internal iliac artery bilaterally. RESULTS: All @entity1 had undergone conservative treatment before embolization for a mean of 2 days. The mean requirement for transfusion before embolization was 3.2 units. All @entity1 except one were successfully embolized in a single setting with no complications. Bleeding was successfully controlled in one @entity1 at the second attempt of embolization. There were minor complications, e.g. @entity390 , @entity391 or fever, for a mean of 2 days, responding well to conservative treatment. At a mean follow-up of 22 months, no @entity1 had a recurrence of @entity548 . CONCLUSION: Internal iliac artery embolization is a feasible, effective and minimally invasive option in managing advanced pelvic @entity5 presenting with intractable @entity548 ; it should be bilateral and permanent.

title: Therapeutic transcatheter arterial embolization in the management of intractable @entity548 from pelvic XXXX : preliminary experience and long-term follow-up.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urological malignancies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In view of the extensive distribution in the spinal cord of primary afferent nociceptive nerve fibers from the @entity35 hind paw, a model of regional @entity32 would be useful in the study of @entity158 . However, the subcutaneous intraplantar injection of a single low dose of Freund's complete adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) has been used mostly as an @entity32 model. We undertook this study to characterize this model by means of conventional radiography, microfocal computed tomography, and bone densitometry and by examining changes in @entity158 -related behavior. METHODS: Male @entity35 were injected unilaterally with @entity3795 or saline subcutaneously in the hind paw and killed 7, 15, and 30 days after injection. @entity158 -related behavior was studied using the Hargreaves, von Frey, and @entity1324 tests. RESULTS: @entity3795 -injected animals developed @entity8650 and @entity625 restricted to the joints of the injected hind paw. No signs of joint involvement were observed 7 days after @entity3795 injection. On day 15 after @entity3795 injection, there was widening of joint space indicative of joint effusion. By day 30 after @entity3795 injection, there was evidence of @entity16 with joint space narrowing, @entity2681 , @entity85 . There were no changes contralaterally or in saline-injected @entity35 . @entity1931 and cold @entity1931 were present in the affected hind paw from day 1 through day 30. CONCLUSION: Signs of @entity625 were strictly unilateral and started only 2 weeks after injection. Since the affected area has a broad representation in the spinal cord, this model has advantages over monarthritis models for the study of plastic changes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

title: Imaging studies in Freund's complete adjuvant model of regional XXXX , a model suitable for the study of @entity158 mechanisms, in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'Mechanical hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['soft tissue inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'arthritis pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['osteophyte formation, and joint deformity']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['polyarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In view of the extensive distribution in the spinal cord of primary afferent nociceptive nerve fibers from the @entity35 hind paw, a model of regional @entity32 would be useful in the study of @entity158 . However, the subcutaneous intraplantar injection of a single low dose of Freund's complete adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) has been used mostly as an @entity32 model. We undertook this study to characterize this model by means of conventional radiography, microfocal computed tomography, and bone densitometry and by examining changes in @entity158 -related behavior. METHODS: Male @entity35 were injected unilaterally with @entity3795 or saline subcutaneously in the hind paw and killed 7, 15, and 30 days after injection. @entity158 -related behavior was studied using the Hargreaves, von Frey, and @entity1324 tests. RESULTS: @entity3795 -injected animals developed @entity8650 and @entity625 restricted to the joints of the injected hind paw. No signs of joint involvement were observed 7 days after @entity3795 injection. On day 15 after @entity3795 injection, there was widening of joint space indicative of joint effusion. By day 30 after @entity3795 injection, there was evidence of @entity16 with joint space narrowing, @entity2681 , @entity85 . There were no changes contralaterally or in saline-injected @entity35 . @entity1931 and cold @entity1931 were present in the affected hind paw from day 1 through day 30. CONCLUSION: Signs of @entity625 were strictly unilateral and started only 2 weeks after injection. Since the affected area has a broad representation in the spinal cord, this model has advantages over monarthritis models for the study of plastic changes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

title: Imaging studies in Freund's complete adjuvant model of regional @entity625 , a model suitable for the study of XXXX mechanisms, in the @entity35 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In view of the extensive distribution in the spinal cord of primary afferent nociceptive nerve fibers from the @entity35 hind paw, a model of regional @entity32 would be useful in the study of @entity158 . However, the subcutaneous intraplantar injection of a single low dose of Freund's complete adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) has been used mostly as an @entity32 model. We undertook this study to characterize this model by means of conventional radiography, microfocal computed tomography, and bone densitometry and by examining changes in @entity158 -related behavior. METHODS: Male @entity35 were injected unilaterally with @entity3795 or saline subcutaneously in the hind paw and killed 7, 15, and 30 days after injection. @entity158 -related behavior was studied using the Hargreaves, von Frey, and @entity1324 tests. RESULTS: @entity3795 -injected animals developed @entity8650 and @entity625 restricted to the joints of the injected hind paw. No signs of joint involvement were observed 7 days after @entity3795 injection. On day 15 after @entity3795 injection, there was widening of joint space indicative of joint effusion. By day 30 after @entity3795 injection, there was evidence of @entity16 with joint space narrowing, @entity2681 , @entity85 . There were no changes contralaterally or in saline-injected @entity35 . @entity1931 and cold @entity1931 were present in the affected hind paw from day 1 through day 30. CONCLUSION: Signs of @entity625 were strictly unilateral and started only 2 weeks after injection. Since the affected area has a broad representation in the spinal cord, this model has advantages over monarthritis models for the study of plastic changes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

title: Imaging studies in Freund's complete adjuvant model of regional @entity625 , a model suitable for the study of @entity158 mechanisms, in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the most difficult problems in @entity5 surgery is the treatment of @entity530 , particularly those in the periacetabular region. This retrospective study serves to analyze clinical and functional outcome of the new surgical technique of hip transposition. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1 were analyzed ( @entity511 15, @entity2828 or PNET 26, @entity421 14, synovial cell sarcoma 2, others 5) and clinical, oncological, and functional outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: The surgical procedure focused on hip transpositions Type I (n = 9), Type IIa using the MUTARS attachment tube (n = 36), and Type IIb using the MUTARS attachment tube with a proximal femur endoprosthesis and bipolar cup (n = 17). In 53 @entity1 (85.5%), wide margins were achieved. The 1- and 5-year overall survival rates were 96.4% and 80.5%, respectively. The 5-year (10 years) overall survival was 82.1% (82.1%) for @entity2828 , 60.1% (40.6%) for @entity421 , and 92.3% (46.2%) for @entity511 . @entity130 were observed in 14 cases, @entity281 in 20 cases. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was 62% (18.6 Pts    3.73). CONCLUSION: Hip transposition can be considered as an easy and safe surgical procedure to employ in order to achieve good functional outcome in periacetabular @entity5 .

title: Hip transposition as a limb salvage procedure following the resection of periacetabular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Wound healing problems']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: An urgent need exists to assess the exposure of fish to pharmaceuticals. The aim of the present study was to assess the uptake and metabolism of waterborne pharmaceuticals in @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ). A further objective was to determine the possibility of monitoring exposure to low levels of pharmaceuticals by bile assays. @entity5660 were exposed for 10 d under flow-through conditions to mixtures of five pharmaceuticals ( @entity3522 , @entity1623 , @entity5018 , @entity2179 , and @entity2049 ) at high and low concentrations. The low concentration was used to mimic the conditions prevailing in the vicinity of the discharge points of wastewater treatment plants. The uptake and the bioconcentration were determined by blood plasma and bile analyses. The average bioconcentration factor in plasma ranged from below 0.1 for @entity2179 to 4.9 for @entity3522 , the values being approximately similar at low and high ambient concentrations. The biotransformation of @entity3522 , @entity1623 , and @entity5018 was considered efficient, because several metabolites could be detected in concentrations clearly exceeding those of the unmetabolized compounds. The @entity27224 were the dominant metabolites for all three pharmaceuticals. The total bioconcentration in the bile was two to four orders of magnitude higher than in the plasma. The results of this work show that the exposure of fish to pharmaceuticals in environmentally relevant concentrations may be monitored by blood plasma and bile analyses, the latter allowing detection at markedly lower ambient concentration.

title: Uptake from water, biotransformation, and biliary excretion of pharmaceuticals by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'Rainbow trout', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity27224 :: ('MESH:D020719', 'Chemical') :: ['glucuronides']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To document outcome and to explore prognostic factors in fetal left @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ). METHODS: This was a multicenter retrospective study of 109 @entity1 with prenatally diagnosed isolated left @entity2914 born between 2002 and 2007. The primary outcome was intact discharge, defined as discharge from hospital without major morbidities, such as a need for respiratory support including @entity26 supplementation, tube feeding, parenteral nutrition or vasodilators. All @entity1 were managed at perinatal centers with immediate resuscitation, gentle ventilation (mostly with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation) and surgery after stabilization. Prenatal data collected included liver and stomach position, lung-to-head ratio, gestational age at diagnosis and presence or absence of @entity2978 . Stomach position was classified into four grades: Grade 0, abdominal; Grade 1, left thoracic; Grade 2, less than half of the stomach herniated into the right chest; and Grade 3, more than half of the stomach herniated into the right chest. RESULTS: Overall intact discharge and 90-day survival rates were 65.1% and 79.8%, respectively. Stomach herniation was classified as Grade 0 in 19.3% of cases, Grade 1 in 45.9%, Grade 2 in 13.8% and Grade 3 in 21.1%. Multivariate analysis revealed that liver position was the strongest prognostic variable for intact discharge, followed by stomach position. Based on our results, we divided @entity1 into three groups according to liver (up vs. down) and stomach (Grade 0-2 vs. Grade 3) position. Intact discharge rates declined significantly from liver-down (Group I), to liver-up with stomach Grade 0-2 (Group II), to liver-up with stomach Grade 3 (Group III) (87.0%, 47.4% and 9.5% of cases, respectively). CONCLUSION: Current status and outcomes of prenatally diagnosed left @entity2914 in Japan were surveyed. Stomach herniation into the right chest was not uncommon and its grade correlated with outcome. The combination of liver and stomach positions was useful to stratify @entity1 into three groups (Group I-III) with different prognoses.

title: Re-evaluation of stomach position as a simple prognostic factor in fetal left XXXX : a multicenter survey in Japan.

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of clinical decision support (CDS) on initial doses and intervals and pharmacokinetic outcomes of @entity4509 and @entity2890 therapy was evaluated. METHODS: A complex CDS advisor to provide guidance on initial dosing and monitoring of @entity4028 orders, using both traditional-dosing and extended-interval-dosing strategies, was integrated into a computerized prescriber-order-entry (CPOE) system and compared with a control group whose @entity4028 orders were closely monitored by pharmacists. The primary outcome measured was an initial dose within 10% of a dose calculated to be adherent to published dose guidelines. Secondary outcomes included a guideline-adherent interval, trough and peak concentrations in goal range, and rate of nephrotoxicity. RESULTS: Of 216 @entity1 studied, 97 were prescribed @entity4509 and 119 were prescribed @entity2890 . The number of orders with initial doses consistent with reference standards increased from 40% in the preadvisor group to 80% in the postadvisor group (p < 0.001). Selection of the correct initial interval based on renal function increased from 63% to 87% (p < 0.001). The changes in the initial dosing and interval resulted in an increase of trough concentrations at goal (59% in the preadvisor group versus 89% in the postadvisor group, p = 0.0004). There was no significant difference in peak concentrations in the goal range or rate of nephrotoxicity. CONCLUSION: An advisor for @entity4028 dosing and monitoring integrated into a CPOE system significantly improved selection of initial doses and intervals and resulted in an improvement in the rate of trough serum drug concentrations at goal compared with standard provider dosing.

title: Effects of clinical decision support on initial dosing and monitoring of @entity2890 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['amikacin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of clinical decision support (CDS) on initial doses and intervals and pharmacokinetic outcomes of @entity4509 and @entity2890 therapy was evaluated. METHODS: A complex CDS advisor to provide guidance on initial dosing and monitoring of @entity4028 orders, using both traditional-dosing and extended-interval-dosing strategies, was integrated into a computerized prescriber-order-entry (CPOE) system and compared with a control group whose @entity4028 orders were closely monitored by pharmacists. The primary outcome measured was an initial dose within 10% of a dose calculated to be adherent to published dose guidelines. Secondary outcomes included a guideline-adherent interval, trough and peak concentrations in goal range, and rate of nephrotoxicity. RESULTS: Of 216 @entity1 studied, 97 were prescribed @entity4509 and 119 were prescribed @entity2890 . The number of orders with initial doses consistent with reference standards increased from 40% in the preadvisor group to 80% in the postadvisor group (p < 0.001). Selection of the correct initial interval based on renal function increased from 63% to 87% (p < 0.001). The changes in the initial dosing and interval resulted in an increase of trough concentrations at goal (59% in the preadvisor group versus 89% in the postadvisor group, p = 0.0004). There was no significant difference in peak concentrations in the goal range or rate of nephrotoxicity. CONCLUSION: An advisor for @entity4028 dosing and monitoring integrated into a CPOE system significantly improved selection of initial doses and intervals and resulted in an improvement in the rate of trough serum drug concentrations at goal compared with standard provider dosing.

title: Effects of clinical decision support on initial dosing and monitoring of XXXX and @entity4509 .

answer: @entity2890 :: (MESH:D014031,Chemical) :: ['tobramycin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Withdrawal after chronic @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) affects body temperature, goal-directed behavior and motor function in @entity19 and increases general central nervous system excitability. Nest-building tests have been used to assay these states but to this point have not been employed as measures of @entity167 withdrawal severity. We first refined nest-scoring methods using a genetically heterogeneous stock of @entity19 (HS/Npt). @entity19 were then made physically dependent following three days of chronic @entity167 vapor inhalation to produce average blood @entity167 concentrations (BECs) of 1.89mg/mL. @entity167 withdrawal affected the progression of nest building over time when @entity19 were tested 2-4 days after removal from three days of chronic exposure to @entity167 . In a separate group of @entity19 , chronic @entity167 vapor inhalation (BECs 1.84mg/mL) suppressed nest building over days 1-2 but not days 2-3 of withdrawal. In a following experiment, @entity167 withdrawal dose-dependently slowed recovery of nest building for up to 32h. Finally, we determined that long-lasting nest-building deficits extend to @entity19 undergoing withdrawal from a high dose (4g/kg) of acute @entity167 . Sex differences for nest building were absent following @entity167 exposure. In @entity19 na  ve to @entity167 treatments, male @entity19 had lower pre-test body temperatures and increased nest scores across a two-day testing period compared to females. These results suggest that nest building can be used to assess chronic and acute @entity167 withdrawal severity in @entity19 .

title: Nest building is a novel method for indexing severity of alcohol withdrawal in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CT-P13 (Remsima  , Inflectra  ) is a biosimilar of the infliximab @entity23561 ( @entity23561 ; Remicade  ) and is approved in Europe and elsewhere, mostly for the same indications as @entity23561 . The aim of this study was to compare the 54-week efficacy, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of CT-P13 with @entity23561 in @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), with a focus on @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs). METHODS: This was a multinational, double-blind, parallel-group study in @entity1 with active @entity1691 . @entity1 were randomized (1:1) to receive CT-P13 (5  mg/kg) or @entity23561 (5  mg/kg) at weeks 0, 2, 6 and then every 8  weeks up to week 54. To assess responses, standardized assessment tools were used with an intention-to-treat analysis of observed data. Anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), PK parameters, and safety outcomes were also assessed. RESULTS: Of 250 randomized @entity1 (n   =   125 per group), 210 (84.0  %) completed 54  weeks of treatment, with similar completion rates between groups. At week 54, Assessment of Spondylo Arthritis international Society (ASAS)20 response, ASAS40 response and ASAS partial remission were comparable between treatment groups. Changes from baseline in PROs such as mean Bath @entity1691 Activity Index (BASDAI; CT-P13   -3.1 versus @entity23561 -2.8), Bath @entity1691 Functional Index (BASFI; -2.9 versus -2.7), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores (9.26 versus 10.13 for physical component summary; 7.30 versus 6.54 for mental component summary) were similar between treatment groups. At 54  weeks, 19.5  % and 23.0  % of @entity1 receiving CT-P13 and @entity23561 , respectively, had ADAs. All observed PK parameters of CT-P13 and @entity23561 , including maximum and minimum serum concentrations, were similar through 54  weeks. The influence of ADAs on PK was similar in the two treatment groups. Most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity. There was no notable difference between treatment groups in the incidence of adverse events, serious adverse events, @entity281 and infusion-related reactions. CONCLUSIONS: CT-P13 and @entity23561 have highly comparable efficacy (including PROs) and PK up to week 54. Over a 1-year period, CT-P13 was well tolerated and displayed a safety profile comparable to @entity23561 ; no differences in immunogenicity were observed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01220518 . Registered 4 October 2010.

title: Comparable long-term efficacy, as assessed by @entity1 -reported outcomes, safety and pharmacokinetics, of CT-P13 and reference infliximab in @entity1 with XXXX : 54-week results from the randomized, parallel-group PLANETAS study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS', 'Ankylosing Spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity23561 :: ('MESH:D053591', 'Disease') :: ['reference product', 'RP']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CT-P13 (Remsima  , Inflectra  ) is a biosimilar of the infliximab @entity23561 ( @entity23561 ; Remicade  ) and is approved in Europe and elsewhere, mostly for the same indications as @entity23561 . The aim of this study was to compare the 54-week efficacy, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of CT-P13 with @entity23561 in @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), with a focus on @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs). METHODS: This was a multinational, double-blind, parallel-group study in @entity1 with active @entity1691 . @entity1 were randomized (1:1) to receive CT-P13 (5  mg/kg) or @entity23561 (5  mg/kg) at weeks 0, 2, 6 and then every 8  weeks up to week 54. To assess responses, standardized assessment tools were used with an intention-to-treat analysis of observed data. Anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), PK parameters, and safety outcomes were also assessed. RESULTS: Of 250 randomized @entity1 (n   =   125 per group), 210 (84.0  %) completed 54  weeks of treatment, with similar completion rates between groups. At week 54, Assessment of Spondylo Arthritis international Society (ASAS)20 response, ASAS40 response and ASAS partial remission were comparable between treatment groups. Changes from baseline in PROs such as mean Bath @entity1691 Activity Index (BASDAI; CT-P13   -3.1 versus @entity23561 -2.8), Bath @entity1691 Functional Index (BASFI; -2.9 versus -2.7), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores (9.26 versus 10.13 for physical component summary; 7.30 versus 6.54 for mental component summary) were similar between treatment groups. At 54  weeks, 19.5  % and 23.0  % of @entity1 receiving CT-P13 and @entity23561 , respectively, had ADAs. All observed PK parameters of CT-P13 and @entity23561 , including maximum and minimum serum concentrations, were similar through 54  weeks. The influence of ADAs on PK was similar in the two treatment groups. Most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity. There was no notable difference between treatment groups in the incidence of adverse events, serious adverse events, @entity281 and infusion-related reactions. CONCLUSIONS: CT-P13 and @entity23561 have highly comparable efficacy (including PROs) and PK up to week 54. Over a 1-year period, CT-P13 was well tolerated and displayed a safety profile comparable to @entity23561 ; no differences in immunogenicity were observed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01220518 . Registered 4 October 2010.

title: Comparable long-term efficacy, as assessed by XXXX -reported outcomes, safety and pharmacokinetics, of CT-P13 and reference infliximab in @entity1 with @entity1691 : 54-week results from the randomized, parallel-group PLANETAS study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CT-P13 (Remsima  , Inflectra  ) is a biosimilar of the infliximab @entity23561 ( @entity23561 ; Remicade  ) and is approved in Europe and elsewhere, mostly for the same indications as @entity23561 . The aim of this study was to compare the 54-week efficacy, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of CT-P13 with @entity23561 in @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), with a focus on @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs). METHODS: This was a multinational, double-blind, parallel-group study in @entity1 with active @entity1691 . @entity1 were randomized (1:1) to receive CT-P13 (5  mg/kg) or @entity23561 (5  mg/kg) at weeks 0, 2, 6 and then every 8  weeks up to week 54. To assess responses, standardized assessment tools were used with an intention-to-treat analysis of observed data. Anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), PK parameters, and safety outcomes were also assessed. RESULTS: Of 250 randomized @entity1 (n   =   125 per group), 210 (84.0  %) completed 54  weeks of treatment, with similar completion rates between groups. At week 54, Assessment of Spondylo Arthritis international Society (ASAS)20 response, ASAS40 response and ASAS partial remission were comparable between treatment groups. Changes from baseline in PROs such as mean Bath @entity1691 Activity Index (BASDAI; CT-P13   -3.1 versus @entity23561 -2.8), Bath @entity1691 Functional Index (BASFI; -2.9 versus -2.7), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores (9.26 versus 10.13 for physical component summary; 7.30 versus 6.54 for mental component summary) were similar between treatment groups. At 54  weeks, 19.5  % and 23.0  % of @entity1 receiving CT-P13 and @entity23561 , respectively, had ADAs. All observed PK parameters of CT-P13 and @entity23561 , including maximum and minimum serum concentrations, were similar through 54  weeks. The influence of ADAs on PK was similar in the two treatment groups. Most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity. There was no notable difference between treatment groups in the incidence of adverse events, serious adverse events, @entity281 and infusion-related reactions. CONCLUSIONS: CT-P13 and @entity23561 have highly comparable efficacy (including PROs) and PK up to week 54. Over a 1-year period, CT-P13 was well tolerated and displayed a safety profile comparable to @entity23561 ; no differences in immunogenicity were observed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01220518 . Registered 4 October 2010.

title: Comparable long-term efficacy, as assessed by @entity1 -reported outcomes, safety and pharmacokinetics, of CT-P13 and reference infliximab in XXXX with @entity1691 : 54-week results from the randomized, parallel-group PLANETAS study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Multimodality therapy in selected @entity1 with @entity298 is gaining acceptance. Treatment-directing decision support tools are needed to individualize care and select @entity1 best suited for cytoreductive surgery +/- hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy ( @entity8945 +/- HIPEC). The purpose of this study is to develop a predictive model that could support surgical decisions in @entity1 with @entity694 . Fifty-three @entity1 were enrolled in a prospective study collecting 31 clinical-pathological, treatment-related, and outcome data. The population was characterized by disease presentation, performance status, extent of @entity3906 ( @entity3906 Index, PCI), @entity5 histology, and nodal staging. These preoperative parameters were analyzed using step-wise machine-learned Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN) to develop a predictive model for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 considered for @entity8945 +/- HIPEC. Area-under-the-curve from receiver-operating-characteristics curves of @entity1349 predictions was calculated to determine the model's positive and negative predictive value. Model structure defined three predictors of @entity1349 : severity of symptoms (performance status), PCI, and ability to undergo @entity8945 +/- HIPEC. @entity1 with PCI < 10, resectable disease, and excellent performance status who underwent @entity8945 +/- HIPEC had 89 per cent probability of survival compared with 4 per cent for those with poor performance status, PCI > 20, who were not considered surgical candidates. Cross validation of the BBN model robustly classified @entity1349 (area-under-the-curve = 0.71). The model's positive predictive value and negative predictive value are 63.3 per cent and 68.3 per cent, respectively. This exploratory study supports the utility of Bayesian classification for developing decision support tools, which assess case-specific relative risk for a given @entity1 for oncological outcomes based on clinically relevant classifiers of survival. Further prospective studies to validate the BBN model-derived prognostic assessment tool are warranted.

title: Development of a Bayesian Belief Network Model for personalized prognostic risk assessment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3906 :: ('MESH:D010534', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal cancer', 'Peritoneal Cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinomatosis']


abstract: Psychological manifestations can be noted in @entity1 with @entity4611 or @entity130 after surgery and radiotherapy. We report on a 38-year-old female with @entity1887 who presented with an @entity1316 . The @entity1 was brought to our emergency department because of general weakness and @entity221 . Low plasma @entity413 concentration and low blood pressure were noted at arrival. She expressed mood change and persecutive thoughts. The brain MRI demonstrated no obvious @entity75 except @entity4776 . The @entity701 level was undetectable. Intravenous @entity701 was administered after the diagnosis of @entity1887 . The @entity1 improved physically after treatment, but social withdrawal and inappropriate affect persisted. We present the case and review the relevant literature to impress on physicians that the @entity73 in @entity4614 can result from not only hormone insufficiency, but also the influences of @entity977 surgery and radiotherapy on neuropsychological functions.

title: @entity1316 and secondary XXXX after @entity977 operation and radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['acute adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['adrenal insufficiency']


abstract: Psychological manifestations can be noted in @entity1 with @entity4611 or @entity130 after surgery and radiotherapy. We report on a 38-year-old female with @entity1887 who presented with an @entity1316 . The @entity1 was brought to our emergency department because of general weakness and @entity221 . Low plasma @entity413 concentration and low blood pressure were noted at arrival. She expressed mood change and persecutive thoughts. The brain MRI demonstrated no obvious @entity75 except @entity4776 . The @entity701 level was undetectable. Intravenous @entity701 was administered after the diagnosis of @entity1887 . The @entity1 improved physically after treatment, but social withdrawal and inappropriate affect persisted. We present the case and review the relevant literature to impress on physicians that the @entity73 in @entity4614 can result from not only hormone insufficiency, but also the influences of @entity977 surgery and radiotherapy on neuropsychological functions.

title: @entity1316 and secondary @entity1887 after XXXX operation and radiotherapy.

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumor']


abstract: Psychological manifestations can be noted in @entity1 with @entity4611 or @entity130 after surgery and radiotherapy. We report on a 38-year-old female with @entity1887 who presented with an @entity1316 . The @entity1 was brought to our emergency department because of general weakness and @entity221 . Low plasma @entity413 concentration and low blood pressure were noted at arrival. She expressed mood change and persecutive thoughts. The brain MRI demonstrated no obvious @entity75 except @entity4776 . The @entity701 level was undetectable. Intravenous @entity701 was administered after the diagnosis of @entity1887 . The @entity1 improved physically after treatment, but social withdrawal and inappropriate affect persisted. We present the case and review the relevant literature to impress on physicians that the @entity73 in @entity4614 can result from not only hormone insufficiency, but also the influences of @entity977 surgery and radiotherapy on neuropsychological functions.

title: XXXX and secondary @entity1887 after @entity977 operation and radiotherapy.

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['Mood disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This tertiary care experience examines the utility of magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) in the management of peripheral trigeminal neuropathies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with clinically suspected peripheral trigeminal neuropathies ( @entity129 ) were imaged uniformly with 1.5-T examinations. MRN results were correlated with clinical and surgical findings in operated @entity1 and the impact on clinical management was assessed. RESULTS: Clinical findings included @entity158 (14/17), sensory changes (15/17), motor changes (2/17) and palpable masses (3/17). Inciting events included prior dental surgery (12/17), @entity130 (1/17) and idiopathic incidents (4/17). Non-affected side nerves and trigeminal nerves in the intracranial and skull base course were normal in all cases. Final diagnoses on affected sides were nerve @entity32 (4/17), @entity2950 in continuity (2/17), LN transection (1/17), scar entrapment (3/17), @entity166 (1/17), low-grade injuries (3/17) and no abnormality (3/17). Associated submandibular gland and sublingual gland @entity4 -like changes were seen in 3/17 cases because of parasympathetic effects. Moderate-to-excellent MRN-surgical correlation was seen in operated (8/17) @entity1 , and @entity2950 and nerve transection were prospectively identified in all cases. CONCLUSION: MRN is useful for the diagnostic work-up of suspected @entity1897 @entity1 with significant impact on clinical management and moderate-to-excellent correlation with intra-operative findings. KEY POINTS:     MRN substantially impacts diagnostic thinking and management in @entity1897 .     MRN has moderate-to-excellent correlation with intra-operative findings.     MRN should be considered in pre-surgical planning of @entity1897 subjects.

title: Magnetic resonance neurography in the management of XXXX : experience in a tertiary care centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral trigeminal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious granuloma']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral trigeminal neuropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The fast-track system in the UK for @entity1 with suspected @entity5 - the two-week rule - states that if @entity5 is suspected there should be a maximum of 14 days between referral from primary care and consultation with a specialist. This approach is valued by @entity1 , ensures a universal standard of diagnosis, and speeds up the overall management of @entity5 . However, some say that the rule has had little or no effect on survival, results in a diagnosis of @entity5 in only a small proportion of @entity1 referred, and is expensive. We have made a systematic review of the effectiveness of the two-week rule in @entity1 with @entity135 with the aid of electronic searches of databases. including MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews CINAHL, and CANCERLIT up to the end of 2014. This was supplemented by searching conference proceedings and contacting experts. Retrospective and prospective studies that included either conversion rate (proportion of two-week referrals who were diagnosed with @entity5 - positive predictive value), or detection rate (proportion of diagnosed @entity5 referred under the two-week rule - sensitivity), or both, were included. Two reviewers assessed studies for inclusion, and extracted data independently. Heterogeneity was assessed by inspection of the overlap of 95% CI in the forest plot and calculation of I(2). We made a random-effects meta-analysis of 17 studies. All reported the conversion rate, and 10 also reported the detection rate. Meta-analysis indicated an overall pooled conversion rate of 8.8% (95% CI 7.0% to 10.7%) and a pooled detection rate of 40.8% (95% CI 25.7% to 55.8%) Subgroups in which maxillofacial (OFMS) and otolaryngology (ENT) were assessed showed no significant difference in conversion rate (8.3% and 8.8%; p=0.73). Subgroup analyses of early studies (before the end of 2008) and later studies (2009-14), showed a significant reduction in conversion rates from 10.6% to 6.6%, p=<0.0001. These early and late subgroups showed a significant increase in detection rate (35.0% to 49.7%, p=0.0008). The conversion and detection rates were similar to those for a number of other @entity5 sites that relied on a list of signs and symptoms for referral and were similar in both ENT and OMFS units. There is evidence that two-week referral conversion rates are falling, while detection rates are rising because of an increased number of referrals. The influence of the two-week referrral on outcomes, particularly survival, is not well known.

title: Two-week rule in XXXX 2000-14: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancers']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and adolescents spend a large proportion of the after-school period in @entity146 ( @entity146 ). Identifying context-specific correlates is important for informing strategies to reduce these behaviors. This paper systematically reviews the correlates of @entity1 's and adolescents' after-school @entity146 . METHODS: A computerized literature search was performed in October 2015 for peer-reviewed original research journal articles published in English before October 2015. Eligibility criteria included: 1) sample aged 5-18 years; 2) quantified the amount of @entity146 or component of this that the @entity1 /adolescents were performing after school; 3) a measure of @entity146 as the dependent outcome; and 4) the association between potential correlates and after-school @entity146 . RESULTS: Data were synthesized in October 2015. Thirty-one studies met the eligibility criteria: 22 studies among @entity1 ( <=12  years), six among adolescents (>12  years), two had a combined sample of @entity1 and adolescents and one cohort followed @entity1 from childhood to adolescence. Findings were separated by after-school location i.e. after-school programs (n   =   4 studies) and unidentified locations (n   =   27). There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on all but two of the 58 potential correlates: sex and age. Among @entity1 at unidentified locations there was a null association between sex (male) and overall after-school @entity146 , a null association between sex (male) and after-school TV viewing, a positive association between age and overall after-school @entity146 and an inconsistent association between age and after-school TV viewing. No correlates of after-school sedentary behaviour while at after-school programs were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Only two correlates have been investigated frequently enough to determine an overall association; neither correlate is modifiable. Due to the lack of consistent investigation of potential correlates, further evidence is required to accurately identify potential intervention targets. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42014009180.

title: The correlates of after-school sedentary behavior among XXXX aged 5-18 years: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sedentary behaviors', 'SB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: @entity7190 is a  rare, but feared, late complication after radiotherapy of the head and neck region. Its localization to the sternoclavicular joint has rarely been described so far. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data are from a retrospective study that included all @entity1 admitted to the authors' clinic with @entity7190 of the sternoclavicular joint during the last 5  years. Therapy and outcome were evaluated and compared to the established literature. RESULTS: Over the past 5  years, 2  @entity1 have been treated for pronounced @entity7190 of the sternoclavicular joint. Both @entity1 had received postoperative radiotherapy for @entity5 of the neck and chest, and presented with lesions involving the clavicle and the sternum. After eliminating the suspicion of recurrent @entity5 , both radiologic imaging and histopathologic evaluation confirmed an infection. @entity146 debridement with partial claviculectomy, partial sternectomy, and reconstruction using a  pectoralis flap lead to the @entity1 ' recovery. CONCLUSION: @entity7190 does not only affect bone, but also the surrounding soft tissue. Due to the changes associated with previous radiotherapy, @entity7190 should always be treated with radical debridement of the infected area, followed by flap reconstruction using unaffected tissue. The prognosis for the @entity1 is then good.

title: [ XXXX of the sternoclavicular joint].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoradionecrosis', 'osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

answer: @entity7190 :: (MESH:D010025,Disease) :: ['Osteoradionecrosis']