abstract: OBJECTIVES: Determine the overall mortality after @entity1188 and compare it to the overall mortality afterothrombotic and @entity64 . Determine the pattern of increased mortality over time after @entity1188 . METHODS: The clinical literature was searched for articles providing mortality data on @entity1188 having at least 5 years of @entity64 follow up. Three such articles were identified two of which also had @entity64 mortality data on the other two types of @entity385 , atherothrombotic and @entity64 . Degree of overall increased mortality was determined for all three @entity64 types and increased mortality over time was determined for @entity1188 as well. Standard mortality methodology was used and expectant mortality was determined using appropriate population life tables. Average overall mortality ratios (MR) and average overall excess deaths per thousand per year ( @entity26186 ) were determined by weighting for the number of entrants in each study. RESULTS: The average overall MR for @entity1188 = 159%, for @entity64 = 213% and for @entity64 = 322%. The mortality ratios for @entity1188 for the following post- @entity64 intervals were: 1-5 years = 166%; 6-10 years = 153%; and 11-14 years = 106%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1188 from onset is associated with moderately increased overall mortality relative to the general population. Post- @entity64 mortality risks from atherothrombotic and @entity64 are significantly higher.

title: XXXX , mortality over time and mortality relative to other @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['post stroke', 'atherothrombotic stroke', 'cardioembolic strokes', 'cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Lacunar infarction', 'lacunar infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Lacunar infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Determine the overall mortality after @entity1188 and compare it to the overall mortality afterothrombotic and @entity64 . Determine the pattern of increased mortality over time after @entity1188 . METHODS: The clinical literature was searched for articles providing mortality data on @entity1188 having at least 5 years of @entity64 follow up. Three such articles were identified two of which also had @entity64 mortality data on the other two types of @entity385 , atherothrombotic and @entity64 . Degree of overall increased mortality was determined for all three @entity64 types and increased mortality over time was determined for @entity1188 as well. Standard mortality methodology was used and expectant mortality was determined using appropriate population life tables. Average overall mortality ratios (MR) and average overall excess deaths per thousand per year ( @entity26186 ) were determined by weighting for the number of entrants in each study. RESULTS: The average overall MR for @entity1188 = 159%, for @entity64 = 213% and for @entity64 = 322%. The mortality ratios for @entity1188 for the following post- @entity64 intervals were: 1-5 years = 166%; 6-10 years = 153%; and 11-14 years = 106%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1188 from onset is associated with moderately increased overall mortality relative to the general population. Post- @entity64 mortality risks from atherothrombotic and @entity64 are significantly higher.

title: @entity1188 , mortality over time and mortality relative to other XXXX .

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic strokes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite decreasing rates of invasive @entity66 caused by vaccine serotypes, the prevalence of invasive @entity2258 in @entity748 @entity1 remains high. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of the @entity748 airway to @entity2348 . In this study, we used a combined model of @entity56 airway @entity32 and @entity328 @entity358 to investigate the association between persistent @entity32 in the airway and antibacterial host defenses against @entity2260 . When challenged with @entity2260 , @entity56 @entity19 exhibited higher airway bacterial burdens, greater eosinophil infiltration, lower neutrophil infiltration, and more severe structural damage than non- @entity56 @entity19 . In sensitized @entity19 , @entity2260 @entity281 elicited higher IL-4 but lower IFN-y, @entity636 and defensin-b2 expression than in control @entity19 . These results indicate that persistent @entity32 impaired airway host defense against @entity2260 is associated with the insufficient @entity636 responses. To elicit @entity636 induced-anti-bacterial immune responses, @entity19 were intranasally immunized with @entity7940 . Immunized @entity19 exhibited fewer bacterial colonies in the respiratory tract and less severe lung pathology than unimmunized @entity19 . @entity7940 contributed to airway host defense enhancement and innate immune response promotion, which was associated with increased @entity14293 , @entity9701 and defensin-b2 expression. Administration of exogenous @entity636 (2 g/ @entity19 ) suppressed eosinophil-related immune responses. The results demonstrate @entity636 plays a key role in host defenses against @entity2348 and suggest that exogenous @entity636 administration promotes the anti-becterial immune responses and attenuates the existed @entity32 .

title: Allergic airway @entity32 disrupts interleukin-17 mediated host defense against XXXX @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'bacterial infection in allergic airways']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite decreasing rates of invasive @entity66 caused by vaccine serotypes, the prevalence of invasive @entity2258 in @entity748 @entity1 remains high. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of the @entity748 airway to @entity2348 . In this study, we used a combined model of @entity56 airway @entity32 and @entity328 @entity358 to investigate the association between persistent @entity32 in the airway and antibacterial host defenses against @entity2260 . When challenged with @entity2260 , @entity56 @entity19 exhibited higher airway bacterial burdens, greater eosinophil infiltration, lower neutrophil infiltration, and more severe structural damage than non- @entity56 @entity19 . In sensitized @entity19 , @entity2260 @entity281 elicited higher IL-4 but lower IFN-y, @entity636 and defensin-b2 expression than in control @entity19 . These results indicate that persistent @entity32 impaired airway host defense against @entity2260 is associated with the insufficient @entity636 responses. To elicit @entity636 induced-anti-bacterial immune responses, @entity19 were intranasally immunized with @entity7940 . Immunized @entity19 exhibited fewer bacterial colonies in the respiratory tract and less severe lung pathology than unimmunized @entity19 . @entity7940 contributed to airway host defense enhancement and innate immune response promotion, which was associated with increased @entity14293 , @entity9701 and defensin-b2 expression. Administration of exogenous @entity636 (2 g/ @entity19 ) suppressed eosinophil-related immune responses. The results demonstrate @entity636 plays a key role in host defenses against @entity2348 and suggest that exogenous @entity636 administration promotes the anti-becterial immune responses and attenuates the existed @entity32 .

title: Allergic airway XXXX disrupts interleukin-17 mediated host defense against @entity328 @entity281 .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite decreasing rates of invasive @entity66 caused by vaccine serotypes, the prevalence of invasive @entity2258 in @entity748 @entity1 remains high. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of the @entity748 airway to @entity2348 . In this study, we used a combined model of @entity56 airway @entity32 and @entity328 @entity358 to investigate the association between persistent @entity32 in the airway and antibacterial host defenses against @entity2260 . When challenged with @entity2260 , @entity56 @entity19 exhibited higher airway bacterial burdens, greater eosinophil infiltration, lower neutrophil infiltration, and more severe structural damage than non- @entity56 @entity19 . In sensitized @entity19 , @entity2260 @entity281 elicited higher IL-4 but lower IFN-y, @entity636 and defensin-b2 expression than in control @entity19 . These results indicate that persistent @entity32 impaired airway host defense against @entity2260 is associated with the insufficient @entity636 responses. To elicit @entity636 induced-anti-bacterial immune responses, @entity19 were intranasally immunized with @entity7940 . Immunized @entity19 exhibited fewer bacterial colonies in the respiratory tract and less severe lung pathology than unimmunized @entity19 . @entity7940 contributed to airway host defense enhancement and innate immune response promotion, which was associated with increased @entity14293 , @entity9701 and defensin-b2 expression. Administration of exogenous @entity636 (2 g/ @entity19 ) suppressed eosinophil-related immune responses. The results demonstrate @entity636 plays a key role in host defenses against @entity2348 and suggest that exogenous @entity636 administration promotes the anti-becterial immune responses and attenuates the existed @entity32 .

title: Allergic airway @entity32 disrupts interleukin-17 mediated host defense against @entity328 XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of @entity3088 isolated from Millettia pachycarpa Benth. The seeds of M. pachycarpa Benth were extracted with @entity1068 and subjected to chromatographic separation for the isolation of bioactive compounds. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was investigated by evaluating the inhibition ability of NO production, @entity13633 activity and @entity13633 protein expression induced by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro and the carrageenan-induced hind paw @entity4 model in vivo. Molecular docking simulation was also employed to obtain the binding parameters in the binding pocket of @entity13633 . Thirteen compounds (1-13) were isolated from Chinese herbal medicine M. pachycarpa Benth. Among them, @entity70816 (6) and @entity70817 (7) exhibited remarkable inhibitory rates of 66.5% and 57.7%, respectively, compared with that of 52.5% of @entity3352 in LPS-induced macrophages cells. @entity70816 (6) with low @entity137 (IC50 > 100  m) exhibited better inhibitory effects to positive control of 1400W on @entity13633 activity at the concentration of 10  m. Western blot assay revealed that @entity70816 (6) inhibited @entity13633 protein expression in RAW264.7 cells and molecular docking simulation showed that @entity70816 (6) fit well into the binding pocket of @entity13633 . In the carrageenan-induced paw @entity4 model, our data revealed that the anti-inflammatory potential of @entity70816 (6) at 10 mg/kg showed comparable inhibitory ability to @entity3352 at 5 h while a higher concentration of @entity70816 (6) at 50 mg/kg showed higher inhibitory activity than @entity3352 , which was further confirmed by plasma levels of @entity3542 . The overall results suggest that @entity70816 (6) might be used as a potential therapeutic agent for @entity32 .

title: Millettia pachycarpa exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of LPS-induced NO/ XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation-associated disorders']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity70816 :: ('MESH:C508226', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxylonchocarpin']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity13633 :: (18126(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['iNOS']


abstract: Acute @entity583 is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Reperfusion in a timely fashion is the most effective way to limit @entity1188 size. However, reperfusion can itself prompt further @entity296 . This phenomenon is commonly known as @entity741 -reperfusion (IR) injury. Mitochondrial @entity4975 dehydrogenase ( @entity6921 ) is an enzyme metabolizing @entity3094 and toxic @entity3125 . Increasing evidence has revealed a cardioprotective role of @entity6921 in @entity741 . Evidence from animal studies has shown that @entity6921 diminishes acute @entity583 size, ameliorates @entity299 and prevents reperfusion @entity943 . The activity of @entity6921 is severely compromised if it is encoded by the mutant @entity6921 *2 gene, with an incidence of approximately 40% in Asian populations. Epidemiological surveys in the Asian population have depicted that @entity6921 polymorphism is closely associated with higher prevalence of @entity583 and @entity453 . Therefore, targeting @entity6921 may represent a promising avenue to protect against @entity5721 . This review recapitulates the underlying mechanisms involved in the protective effect of @entity6921 in @entity5721 . Translational potential of @entity6921 in the management of @entity301 is also discussed.

title: Mitochondrial @entity4975 dehydrogenase in XXXX -reperfusion injury: from bench to bedside.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['IR injury', 'cardiac IR injury']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial IR injury', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarct', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: Acute @entity583 is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Reperfusion in a timely fashion is the most effective way to limit @entity1188 size. However, reperfusion can itself prompt further @entity296 . This phenomenon is commonly known as @entity741 -reperfusion (IR) injury. Mitochondrial @entity4975 dehydrogenase ( @entity6921 ) is an enzyme metabolizing @entity3094 and toxic @entity3125 . Increasing evidence has revealed a cardioprotective role of @entity6921 in @entity741 . Evidence from animal studies has shown that @entity6921 diminishes acute @entity583 size, ameliorates @entity299 and prevents reperfusion @entity943 . The activity of @entity6921 is severely compromised if it is encoded by the mutant @entity6921 *2 gene, with an incidence of approximately 40% in Asian populations. Epidemiological surveys in the Asian population have depicted that @entity6921 polymorphism is closely associated with higher prevalence of @entity583 and @entity453 . Therefore, targeting @entity6921 may represent a promising avenue to protect against @entity5721 . This review recapitulates the underlying mechanisms involved in the protective effect of @entity6921 in @entity5721 . Translational potential of @entity6921 in the management of @entity301 is also discussed.

title: Mitochondrial XXXX dehydrogenase in @entity741 -reperfusion injury: from bench to bedside.

answer: @entity4975 :: (D000079,Chemical) :: ['aldehyde']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the incidence of intraoperative @entity937 in the ultrahigh-speed (UHS) 25-gauge vitrectomy system in elective vitreous-retina surgery cases. METHODS: A prospective series of 1676 eyes of 1306 consecutive @entity1 . All eyes underwent an UHS 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy for elective cases such as @entity6654 (586 cases), floaters (153), macular hole (385), vitreous @entity1020 (119), dropped nucleus or intraocular lens (84) and @entity548 (82). @entity1 were followed up for a minimum of 6   months. RESULTS: There were 1409 eyes involved in this study. @entity937 were found in 25 eyes (1.8%) during surgery. The majority were detected in cases where @entity20699 was induced during surgery (21 eyes; 2.8% of the @entity1 ), and in only four eyes (0.6%) with an already detached vitreous. In nine cases, @entity1713 developed during the follow-up. @entity1 who showed intraoperative @entity937 were not in this group. Other complications during the follow-up included two cases of @entity548 (0.1%), two cases of @entity2790 (0.1%), and 23 eyes with @entity8814 without any further complications. CONCLUSIONS: UHS 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy is a safe procedure for treatment of elective vitreous-retina cases. The risk of developing iatrogenic breaks seems to be correlated with adhesion of the posterior vitreous hyaloid. Other complications, such as @entity1713 or @entity8814 , were similar to previous reports. No correlation was found between iatrogenic retina breaks and other complications.

title: XXXX in ultrahigh-speed 25-gauge vitrectomy: a prospective study of elective cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['retinal breaks', 'Iatrogenic retinal breaks']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous haemorrhage', 'vitreous bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity6654 :: ('MESH:D019773', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epiretinal membrane']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['dislocated intraocular lens']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['posterior vitreous detachment']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular traction syndrome']

answer: @entity937 :: (MESH:D012167,Disease) :: ['Iatrogenic retinal breaks']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have established a standard procedure for Roux-en-Y (RY) reconstruction in laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) using esophagojejunostomy by the overlap method (OL). We report on our RY reconstruction technique and special approaches, and evaluate the usefulness of our reconstruction method based on the surgical results of 100 @entity1 we have experienced to date. METHODS: We performed LTG in 100 @entity1 with @entity356 . After total gastrectomy using five ports, the resected stomach was extracted through a small laparotomy. Through that, we performed sacrifice of the jejunum, Y limb @entity254 , creation of the lifted jejunum. As the OL, a side-to-side @entity254 of the lifted jejunum to the esophageal stump was laparoscopically performed using a linear stapler in an isoperistaltic direction, and the entry hole was closed with full-thickness suturing. The lifted jejunum was fixed with suture to the duodenal stump at a location where the esophagojejunostomy site was made linear, and the duodenal stump was buried. The mesenteric gap was laparoscopically closed with suture. RESULTS: The median operative time in 100 @entity1 undergoing LTG was 385  min, the median @entity190 was 65  mL, and the median time required for the OL was 32  min. The mean hospitalization period was 10  days, and @entity260 included @entity548 requiring reoperation in one @entity1 ; other complications such as @entity3472 in five @entity1 (5  %) were treated conservatively. No complication associated with @entity254 occurred. CONCLUSION: In RY reconstruction using the OL, there were no complications associated with the @entity254 site in 100 consecutive @entity1 , such as @entity834 or @entity850 , indicating that it is a very useful and safe reconstruction method.

title: Technique of Roux-en-Y reconstruction using overlap method after laparoscopic total gastrectomy for XXXX : 100 consecutively successful cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study was designed to test the effects of @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) exposure on the maturation of endocrine functioning and sexual behavior. Female @entity35 pups received either @entity7541 (2.0mg/kg, i.p.) or saline twice daily between postnatal days 20-35. This period of exposure represents the time just prior to puberty as well as puberty onset. Approximately five weeks after the last injection of @entity7541 or saline, female subjects were hormone-primed and tested during their first sexual experience. Subjects were given the choice to interact with a sexually active male or a sexually receptive female @entity35 (i.e., the partner-preference test). The partner-preference paradigm allows us to assess multiple aspects of female sexual behavior. @entity7541 exposure during peri-adolescence delayed puberty and, when mated for the first time, affected sexual behavior (e.g., increased time spent with the male stimulus and decreased the likelihood of leaving after mounts) during the test of partner preference. When monitoring estrous cyclicity, female subjects treated with @entity7541 during peri-adolescence frequently experienced irregular estrous cycles. The results of the present study suggest that chronic exposure to a therapeutic dose of @entity7541 around the onset of puberty alters long-term endocrine functioning, but with hormone priming, increases sensitivity to sexual stimuli.

title: Exposure to XXXX during peri-adolescence affects endocrine functioning and sexual behavior in female Long-Evans @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study was designed to test the effects of @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) exposure on the maturation of endocrine functioning and sexual behavior. Female @entity35 pups received either @entity7541 (2.0mg/kg, i.p.) or saline twice daily between postnatal days 20-35. This period of exposure represents the time just prior to puberty as well as puberty onset. Approximately five weeks after the last injection of @entity7541 or saline, female subjects were hormone-primed and tested during their first sexual experience. Subjects were given the choice to interact with a sexually active male or a sexually receptive female @entity35 (i.e., the partner-preference test). The partner-preference paradigm allows us to assess multiple aspects of female sexual behavior. @entity7541 exposure during peri-adolescence delayed puberty and, when mated for the first time, affected sexual behavior (e.g., increased time spent with the male stimulus and decreased the likelihood of leaving after mounts) during the test of partner preference. When monitoring estrous cyclicity, female subjects treated with @entity7541 during peri-adolescence frequently experienced irregular estrous cycles. The results of the present study suggest that chronic exposure to a therapeutic dose of @entity7541 around the onset of puberty alters long-term endocrine functioning, but with hormone priming, increases sensitivity to sexual stimuli.

title: Exposure to @entity2727 during peri-adolescence affects endocrine functioning and sexual behavior in female Long-Evans XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity28 is a worldwide problem in @entity1 and domestic animals. Interventions, including a combination of dietary management and exercise, have proven to be effective for inducing @entity353 in @entity1 . In companion animals, the role of exercise in the management of @entity28 has received relatively little attention. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the transcriptome of key energy metabolism genes in muscle and adipose tissues in response to diet-induced @entity353 alone, or combined with exercise in @entity235 . Overweight pet @entity235 were enrolled on a @entity353 programme, based on calorie restriction and physical training (FD group, n   =   5) or calorie restriction alone (DO group, n   =   7). mRNA expression of 12 genes and six microRNAs were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In the FD group, @entity62719 and @entity4872 were expressed at lower levels in adipose tissue, whereas @entity70818 and @entity70819 were more highly expressed in muscle, when compared with the DO group. Comparing expression before and after the intervention, in the DO group, nine genes and three microRNAs showed significant altered expression in adipose tissue ( @entity20335 , @entity70820 and @entity62719 ; P   <   0.001) and seven genes and two microRNAs were significantly downregulated (NRF2, @entity4872 , @entity70818 , @entity70819 , PGC1a and mir-23; P   <   0.001) in muscle. Thus, calorie restriction causes regulation of several metabolic genes in both tissues. The mild exercise, incorporated into this study design, was sufficient to elicit transcriptional changes in adipose and muscle tissues, suggesting a positive effect on @entity413 metabolism. The study findings support inclusion of exercise in management of @entity235 @entity28 .

title: Physical training and XXXX in @entity235 lead to transcriptional changes in genes involved in the @entity413 -transport pathway in muscle and adipose tissues.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: @entity28 is a worldwide problem in @entity1 and domestic animals. Interventions, including a combination of dietary management and exercise, have proven to be effective for inducing @entity353 in @entity1 . In companion animals, the role of exercise in the management of @entity28 has received relatively little attention. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the transcriptome of key energy metabolism genes in muscle and adipose tissues in response to diet-induced @entity353 alone, or combined with exercise in @entity235 . Overweight pet @entity235 were enrolled on a @entity353 programme, based on calorie restriction and physical training (FD group, n   =   5) or calorie restriction alone (DO group, n   =   7). mRNA expression of 12 genes and six microRNAs were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In the FD group, @entity62719 and @entity4872 were expressed at lower levels in adipose tissue, whereas @entity70818 and @entity70819 were more highly expressed in muscle, when compared with the DO group. Comparing expression before and after the intervention, in the DO group, nine genes and three microRNAs showed significant altered expression in adipose tissue ( @entity20335 , @entity70820 and @entity62719 ; P   <   0.001) and seven genes and two microRNAs were significantly downregulated (NRF2, @entity4872 , @entity70818 , @entity70819 , PGC1a and mir-23; P   <   0.001) in muscle. Thus, calorie restriction causes regulation of several metabolic genes in both tissues. The mild exercise, incorporated into this study design, was sufficient to elicit transcriptional changes in adipose and muscle tissues, suggesting a positive effect on @entity413 metabolism. The study findings support inclusion of exercise in management of @entity235 @entity28 .

title: Physical training and @entity353 in @entity235 lead to transcriptional changes in genes involved in the XXXX -transport pathway in muscle and adipose tissues.

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity28 is a worldwide problem in @entity1 and domestic animals. Interventions, including a combination of dietary management and exercise, have proven to be effective for inducing @entity353 in @entity1 . In companion animals, the role of exercise in the management of @entity28 has received relatively little attention. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the transcriptome of key energy metabolism genes in muscle and adipose tissues in response to diet-induced @entity353 alone, or combined with exercise in @entity235 . Overweight pet @entity235 were enrolled on a @entity353 programme, based on calorie restriction and physical training (FD group, n   =   5) or calorie restriction alone (DO group, n   =   7). mRNA expression of 12 genes and six microRNAs were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In the FD group, @entity62719 and @entity4872 were expressed at lower levels in adipose tissue, whereas @entity70818 and @entity70819 were more highly expressed in muscle, when compared with the DO group. Comparing expression before and after the intervention, in the DO group, nine genes and three microRNAs showed significant altered expression in adipose tissue ( @entity20335 , @entity70820 and @entity62719 ; P   <   0.001) and seven genes and two microRNAs were significantly downregulated (NRF2, @entity4872 , @entity70818 , @entity70819 , PGC1a and mir-23; P   <   0.001) in muscle. Thus, calorie restriction causes regulation of several metabolic genes in both tissues. The mild exercise, incorporated into this study design, was sufficient to elicit transcriptional changes in adipose and muscle tissues, suggesting a positive effect on @entity413 metabolism. The study findings support inclusion of exercise in management of @entity235 @entity28 .

title: Physical training and @entity353 in XXXX lead to transcriptional changes in genes involved in the @entity413 -transport pathway in muscle and adipose tissues.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: AIMS: Impact of @entity353 on cardiac structure has not been extensively investigated in large, multi-ethnic, community-based populations. We investigated the longitudinal impact of @entity353 on cardiac structure by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). METHODS AND RESULTS: 2351 @entity1 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) who underwent CMR at Exam 1 (2002) and Exam 5 (2011) were included. Primary outcomes were percentage change in LV mass (indexed to height) and LV mass-to-volume ratio (concentric LV remodelling). Multivariable linear regression was used to measure the association between outcomes and weight change. At median 9.4 years' follow-up, 639 individuals (27%) experienced >5% @entity353 (median 6.9   kg) and 511 (22%) had >5% weight gain (median 6.4   kg). A >5% weight gain was associated with the greatest increase in LV mass (+5.4% median) and LV mass-to-volume ratio (+12.2% median). Adjusting for medications, @entity101 / @entity6 (and change in these risk factors), age, race and other risk factors, every 5% @entity353 was associated with a 1.3% decrease in height-indexed LV mass and 1.3% decrease in LV mass-to-volume ratio (p<0.0001). There was no effect modification/confounding by age, race, gender or baseline BMI. Change in LV mass-to-volume ratio was roughly linear, specifically for modest degrees of @entity353 (-10% to +10%). Change in LV mass was linear with @entity353 , suggesting no threshold of @entity353 is needed for LV mass regression. CONCLUSIONS: In a large multi-ethnic population, @entity353 is associated with beneficial effects on cardiac structure, independent of age, race, gender, BMI and @entity28 -related cardiometabolic risk. There is no threshold of @entity353 required to produce these effects.

title: Weight loss and progressive left ventricular remodelling: The Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX (MESA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: Background. Lateropulsion, a @entity74 , delays recovery following @entity64 . The number of @entity64 may lead to differential recovery rates, depending on the intact systems available for recovery from lateropulsion. Objective. To study the impact of key postural control deficits on lateropulsion rate of recovery following @entity64 . Methods. Through retrospective analysis: 169 @entity1 with @entity64 in an in- @entity1 rehabilitation facility were divided into 3 groups: (1) motor deficits only; (2) motor and @entity227 or motor and proprioceptive deficits; and (3) motor, proprioceptive, and @entity227 . Kaplan-Meier survival analysis determined if time to recovery from lateropulsion (achieving a score of 0 or 1 on the Burke Lateropulsion Scale) differed by group. Results. Log rank tests showed that time to recovery from lateropulsion differed based on the number of deficits (group, P = .012). Post hoc analyses by lesion side showed that group differences only occurred in right @entity75 (P < .05) as compared with left @entity75 (P = .34). @entity1 recovered from lateropulsion during in- @entity1 rehabilitation if they had only motor deficits; those with all 3 postural control deficits showed the most protracted recovery. Conclusions. Rate of recovery from lateropulsion after @entity64 is dependent on the side of lesion, and number of key motor, proprioceptive, and/or @entity227 . The more postural control systems affected, the slower the recovery. Our data identify @entity1 likely to need protracted rehabilitation targeting key postural control deficits.

title: Time to Recovery From Lateropulsion Dependent on Key XXXX Deficits: A Retrospective Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopic or visual-spatial deficits']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric stroke', 'stroke impairments', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['postural control disorder']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of @entity4008 observed in neonates born in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, admitted to Intensive care unit (NICU) or readmitted, because of suspected @entity281 , after discharge from the nursery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study was carried out from July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013. During this period 4136 neonates were born. All neonates admitted to the Intensive care unit with signs and symptoms of @entity281 , and neonates readmitted to the Intensive care unit, after discharge from the nursery for @entity295 work up were included in the study. RESULTS: Eighteen of 200 neonates (9%) admitted or readmitted to the NICU developed @entity693 . 61% cases were late onset @entity693 . The overall incidence was 4.4/1000 live births. The mortality rate was 11.1%. The mean age of symptom presentation was 8.7 days. The most common clinical features were: fever, @entity649 and @entity1087 . Significant risk factors for acquiring @entity693 were: male gender, Caesarean delivery, stained amniotic fluid. Positive CSF finding were detected in 6/18 (33.3%) of cases. Gram-positive bacteria were more frequently responsible for confirmed @entity693 . In all neonates with @entity693 blood culture was examined and 5 (50%) yielded Gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSION: The high rates of @entity693 with predominant late onset may suggest nosocomial origin. Measures to improve antenatal, intrapartum and delivery care and measures during NICU hospitalisation are necessary to lower the risk of @entity580 .

title: Neonatal XXXX : Results from a cross-sectional hospital based study.

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['bacterial meningitis']


abstract: OBJECT: Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and death in the U.S. and has been associated with perioperative complications. In this study, the authors examined the effects of smoking on perioperative outcomes and @entity1516 rates following anterior cervical corpectomy. METHODS: All adult @entity1 from 2006 to 2011 who underwent anterior cervical corpectomy were identified. @entity1 were categorized into 3 groups: @entity1 who never smoked (nonsmokers), @entity1 who quit for at least 1 year (quitters), and @entity1 who continue to smoke (current smokers). Demographic, medical, and surgical covariates were collected. Multivariate analysis was used to define the relationship between smoking and @entity190 , 30-day complications, length of hospital stay, and @entity1516 . RESULTS: A total of 160 @entity1 were included in the study. Of the 160 @entity1 , 49.4% were nonsmokers, 25.6% were quitters, and 25.0% were current smokers. The overall 30-day complication rate was 20.0%, and @entity1516 occurred in 7.6% of @entity1 . Mean @entity190 was 368.3 ml and mean length of stay was 6.5 days. Current smoking status was significantly associated with higher complication rates (p < 0.001) and longer lengths of stay (p < 0.001); current smoking status remained an independent risk factor for both outcomes after multivariate logistic regression analysis. The complications that were experienced in current smokers were @entity281 (76.5%), and this proportion was significantly greater than in nonsmokers and quitters (p = 0.013). Current smoking status was also an independent risk factor for @entity1516 at 1-year follow-up (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is independently associated with @entity532 (especially @entity166 ), longer lengths of stay, and higher rates of @entity1516 in @entity1 undergoing anterior cervical corpectomy.

title: The effects of smoking on perioperative outcomes and XXXX following anterior cervical corpectomy: Clinical article.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['higher perioperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mostly infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudarthrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that GastroPanel might be a useful tool for the diagnosis of chronic @entity4726 (CAG) measuring four biomarkers in blood: basal gastrin-17 (G17), pepsinogen I and II ( @entity7597 and @entity7598 ), and @entity1534 @entity1534 antibodies. AIM: To determine the accuracy of GastroPanel for the diagnosis of CAG. METHODS: This was a prospective, blinded, multicenter study that included dyspeptic @entity1 . G17, @entity7597 , and @entity7598 were determined by enzyme immunoassays. Three antrum and two corpus biopsies were obtained for standard histological analysis and rapid urease test. Biopsies were analyzed by a single blinded expert pathologist. RESULTS: Ninety-one @entity1 were included (77% @entity1 , mean age 44 years, 51% @entity1534 positive, 17% with CAG). G17 was reduced in @entity1 with antrum CAG (5.4 vs. 13.4   pmol/l; P<0.01) and increased in @entity1 with corpus CAG (11 vs. 24   pmol/l; P<0.05), but its accuracy was only acceptable in the case of corpus localization [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 74%]; @entity7598 difference was almost statistically significant only when testing for corpus @entity194 (33 vs. 21    g/l; P=0.05; AUC=72%). The @entity7597 and @entity7597 / @entity7598 ratio showed no significant differences (AUCs were all unacceptably low). @entity1534 @entity1534 antibody levels were higher in @entity1534 -infected @entity1 (251 vs. 109 EIU, P=0.01; AUC=70). The accuracy of GastroPanel for the diagnosis of CAG was as follows: sensitivity 50%; specificity 80%; positive 25% and negative 92% predictive values; and positive 2.4 and negative 0.6 likelihood ratios. CONCLUSION: GastroPanel is not accurate enough for the diagnosis of CAG; thus, its systematic use in clinical practice cannot be recommended.

title: Accuracy of GastroPanel for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['pylori', 'H. pylori', 'Helicobacter']

answer: @entity4726 :: (MESH:D005757,Disease) :: ['atrophic gastritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This paper presents our 18  years of experience in treating ACTH secreting @entity652 ( @entity699 and @entity2014 ) using the Leksell gamma knife (LGK) irradiation. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity699 were followed-up after LGK irradiation for 48-216  months (median 78  months). Seventeen @entity1 had undergone previous surgery, in nine @entity1 LGK irradiation was the primary therapy. Furthermore, 14 @entity1 with @entity2014 were followed-up for 30-204  months (median 144  months). RESULTS: LGK treatment resulted in hormonal normalization in 80.7  % of @entity1 with @entity699 . Time to normalization was 6-54  months (median 30  months). The volume of the @entity652 decreased in 92.3  % (in 30.7  % disappeared completely). There was no recurrence of the disease. In all 14 @entity1 with @entity2014 ACTH levels decreased (in two @entity1 fully normalized) their ACTH levels. When checked up 5-10  years after irradiation regrowth of the @entity652 was only detected in one @entity1 (9.1  %), in 27.3  % @entity652 volume remained unchanged, in 45.4  % @entity652 volume decreased and in 18.2  % @entity652 completely disappeared. @entity4614 did not develop in any @entity1 where the critical dose to the pituitary and distal infundibulum was respected. CONCLUSION: LGK radiation represents an effective and well-tolerated option for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity699 after unsuccessful surgery and may be valuable even as a primary treatment in @entity1 who are not suitable for, or refuse, surgery. In the case of @entity2014 it is possible to impede @entity5 growth and control the size of the @entity652 in almost all @entity1 .

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for @entity699 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumorous']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['Hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2014 :: ('MESH:D009347', 'Disease') :: ["Nelson's syndrome"]

answer: @entity2014 :: (MESH:D009347,Disease) :: ['Nelson's syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: This paper presents our 18  years of experience in treating ACTH secreting @entity652 ( @entity699 and @entity2014 ) using the Leksell gamma knife (LGK) irradiation. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity699 were followed-up after LGK irradiation for 48-216  months (median 78  months). Seventeen @entity1 had undergone previous surgery, in nine @entity1 LGK irradiation was the primary therapy. Furthermore, 14 @entity1 with @entity2014 were followed-up for 30-204  months (median 144  months). RESULTS: LGK treatment resulted in hormonal normalization in 80.7  % of @entity1 with @entity699 . Time to normalization was 6-54  months (median 30  months). The volume of the @entity652 decreased in 92.3  % (in 30.7  % disappeared completely). There was no recurrence of the disease. In all 14 @entity1 with @entity2014 ACTH levels decreased (in two @entity1 fully normalized) their ACTH levels. When checked up 5-10  years after irradiation regrowth of the @entity652 was only detected in one @entity1 (9.1  %), in 27.3  % @entity652 volume remained unchanged, in 45.4  % @entity652 volume decreased and in 18.2  % @entity652 completely disappeared. @entity4614 did not develop in any @entity1 where the critical dose to the pituitary and distal infundibulum was respected. CONCLUSION: LGK radiation represents an effective and well-tolerated option for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity699 after unsuccessful surgery and may be valuable even as a primary treatment in @entity1 who are not suitable for, or refuse, surgery. In the case of @entity2014 it is possible to impede @entity5 growth and control the size of the @entity652 in almost all @entity1 .

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for XXXX and @entity2014 .

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: The housing tube material of the @entity15188 Chaetopterus sp. exhibits thermal stability up to 250  C, similar to other biological materials such as mulberry @entity12638 cocoons. Interestingly, however, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis conducted in both air and water elucidated the lack of a glass transition in the organic tube wall material. In fact, the viscoelastic properties of the anhydrous and undried tube were remarkably stable (i.e. constant and reversible) between -75  C and 200  C in air, and 5  C and 75  C in water, respectively. Moreover, it was found that hydration and associated-water plasticization were key to the rubber-like flexible properties of the tube; dehydration transformed the material behaviour to glass-like. The tube is made of bionanocomposite fibrils in highly oriented arrangement, which we argue favours the biomaterial to be highly crystalline or cross-linked, with extensive @entity3884 and/or covalent bonds. Mechanical property characterization in the longitudinal and transverse directions ascertained that the tubes were not quasi-isotropic structures. In general, the higher stiffness and strength in the transverse direction implied that there were more nanofibrils orientated at    45   and    65   than at 0   to the @entity5274 . The order of the mechanical properties of the soft-tough tubes was similar to @entity2144 and even some viscid silks. The complex structure-property relations observed indicated that the worm has evolved to produce a tubular housing structure which can (i) function stably over a broad range of temperatures, (ii) endure mechanical stresses from specific planes/axes, and (iii) facilitate rapid growth or repair.

title: Housing tubes from the XXXX Chaetopterus sp.: biomaterials with exceptionally broad thermomechanical properties.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['synthetic rubber-like elastomers']

answer: @entity15188 :: (6446,Species) :: ['marine worm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The main objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of a set of three Mucorales quantitative PCR assays in a retrospective multicentre study. @entity2583 cases were recorded thanks to the French prospective surveillance programme (RESSIF network). The day of sampling of the first histological or mycological positive specimen was defined as day 0 (D0). Detection of circulating DNA was performed on frozen serum samples collected from D-30 to D30, using quantitative PCR assays targeting Rhizomucor, Lichtheimia, Mucor/Rhizopus. Forty-four @entity1 diagnosed with probable (n  =  19) or proven (n  =  25) @entity2583 were included. Thirty-six of the 44 @entity1 (81%) had at least one PCR-positive serum. The first PCR-positive sample was observed 9  days (range 0-28  days) before diagnosis was made using mycological criteria and at least 2  days (range 0-24  days) before imaging. The identifications provided with the quantitative PCR assays were all concordant with culture and/or PCR-based identification of the causal species. Survival rate at D84 was significantly higher for @entity1 with an initially positive PCR that became negative after treatment initiation than for @entity1 whose PCR remained positive (48% and 4%, respectively; p <10(-6)). The median time for complete negativity of PCR was 7  days (range 3-19  days) after initiation of @entity24408 treatment. Despite some limitations due to the retrospective design of the study, we showed that Mucorales quantitative PCR could not only confirm the @entity2583 diagnosis when other mycological arguments were present but could also anticipate this diagnosis. Quantification of DNA loads may also be a useful adjunct to treatment monitoring.

title: Early diagnosis and monitoring of XXXX by detection of circulating DNA in serum: retrospective analysis of 44 cases collected through the French Surveillance Network of Invasive Fungal Infections (RESSIF).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis', 'Mucormycosis']

answer: @entity2583 :: (MESH:D009091,Disease) :: ['mucormycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess whether cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in @entity1555 carriers (DMDc) may index any cell milieu elements of @entity409 and whether this cardiac phenotype may be related to genotype. The null hypothesis was that @entity296 , assessed by late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE), might be similarly accounted for in DMDc and gender and age-matched controls. METHODS: Thirty DMDc @entity1 had CMR and genotyping with 37 gender and age-matched controls. Systolic and diastolic LV function was assessed by 2D-echocardiography. RESULTS: Absolute and percent LGE were higher in muscular symptomatic (sym) than asymptomatic (asy) DMDc (1.77        0.27 vs 0.76        0.17  ml; F =   19.6, p <   0.0001 and 1.86        0.26% vs 0.68        0.17%, F =   22.1, p <   0.0001, respectively). There was no correlation between LGE and age. LGE was seen most frequently in segments 5 and 6; segment 5 was involved in all asy-DMDc. Subepicardial LGE predominated, compared to the mid-myocardial one (11 out of 14 DMDc). LGE was absent in the subendocardium. No correlations were seen between genotyping (type of mutation, gene region and protein domain), confined to the exon's study, and cardiac phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: A typical myocardial LGE-pattern location (LV segments 5 and 6) was a common finding in DMDc. LGE was more frequently subepicardial plus midmyocardial in sym-DMDc, with normal LV systolic and diastolic function. No genotype-phenothype correlation was found.

title: Patterns of late XXXX enhancement in @entity1555 carriers.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess whether cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in @entity1555 carriers (DMDc) may index any cell milieu elements of @entity409 and whether this cardiac phenotype may be related to genotype. The null hypothesis was that @entity296 , assessed by late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE), might be similarly accounted for in DMDc and gender and age-matched controls. METHODS: Thirty DMDc @entity1 had CMR and genotyping with 37 gender and age-matched controls. Systolic and diastolic LV function was assessed by 2D-echocardiography. RESULTS: Absolute and percent LGE were higher in muscular symptomatic (sym) than asymptomatic (asy) DMDc (1.77        0.27 vs 0.76        0.17  ml; F =   19.6, p <   0.0001 and 1.86        0.26% vs 0.68        0.17%, F =   22.1, p <   0.0001, respectively). There was no correlation between LGE and age. LGE was seen most frequently in segments 5 and 6; segment 5 was involved in all asy-DMDc. Subepicardial LGE predominated, compared to the mid-myocardial one (11 out of 14 DMDc). LGE was absent in the subendocardium. No correlations were seen between genotyping (type of mutation, gene region and protein domain), confined to the exon's study, and cardiac phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: A typical myocardial LGE-pattern location (LV segments 5 and 6) was a common finding in DMDc. LGE was more frequently subepicardial plus midmyocardial in sym-DMDc, with normal LV systolic and diastolic function. No genotype-phenothype correlation was found.

title: Patterns of late @entity2287 enhancement in XXXX carriers.

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: This in vitro study investigated the @entity174 resistance of endodontically treated premolars restored using @entity16971 - or @entity11379 -based composite along with or without fiber or nano-ionomer base. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-six intact maxillary premolars were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 12). G1 (negative control) was the intact teeth. In Groups 2-8, root canal treatment with mesio-occlusodistal preparation was performed. G2 (positive control) was kept unrestored. The other groups were restored using composite resin as follows: G3, @entity11379 -based composite (Z250); G4, @entity11379 composite (Z250) with @entity691 fiber; G5 and G6, @entity16971 -based composite (Filtek P90) without and with the fiber, respectively; G7 and G8, @entity11379 - and @entity16971 -based composite with nano-ionomer base, respectively. After aging period and thermocycling for 1000 cycles, @entity174 strength was tested and @entity174 patterns were inspected. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (a=0.05). RESULTS: Mean @entity174 resistance for the eight groups (in Newton) were G1: 1200    169(a), G2: 360    93(b), G3: 632    196(c), G4: 692    195(c), G5: 917    159(d), G6: 1013    125(ad), G7: 959    148(d), G8: 947    105(d) (different superscript letters revealed significant difference among groups). Most of the @entity174 in all the groups were restorable, except Group 3. CONCLUSION: @entity16971 -based composite revealed significantly higher strength of the restored premolars compared to that of @entity11379 one. Fiber insertion demonstrated no additional effect on the strength of both composite restorations; however, it increased the prevalence of restorable @entity174 of @entity11379 -based composite restored teeth. Using nano-ionomer base under @entity11379 -based composite had a positive effect on @entity174 resistance and pattern. Only fiber-reinforced @entity16971 composite restoration resulted in a strength similar to that of the intact teeth.

title: XXXX resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored by @entity16971 -based composite with or without fiber or nano-ionomer.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity11379 :: ('CHEBI:25218', 'Chemical') :: ['methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity16971 :: ('MESH:D062047', 'Chemical') :: ['silorane', 'Silorane']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: This in vitro study investigated the @entity174 resistance of endodontically treated premolars restored using @entity16971 - or @entity11379 -based composite along with or without fiber or nano-ionomer base. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-six intact maxillary premolars were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 12). G1 (negative control) was the intact teeth. In Groups 2-8, root canal treatment with mesio-occlusodistal preparation was performed. G2 (positive control) was kept unrestored. The other groups were restored using composite resin as follows: G3, @entity11379 -based composite (Z250); G4, @entity11379 composite (Z250) with @entity691 fiber; G5 and G6, @entity16971 -based composite (Filtek P90) without and with the fiber, respectively; G7 and G8, @entity11379 - and @entity16971 -based composite with nano-ionomer base, respectively. After aging period and thermocycling for 1000 cycles, @entity174 strength was tested and @entity174 patterns were inspected. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (a=0.05). RESULTS: Mean @entity174 resistance for the eight groups (in Newton) were G1: 1200    169(a), G2: 360    93(b), G3: 632    196(c), G4: 692    195(c), G5: 917    159(d), G6: 1013    125(ad), G7: 959    148(d), G8: 947    105(d) (different superscript letters revealed significant difference among groups). Most of the @entity174 in all the groups were restorable, except Group 3. CONCLUSION: @entity16971 -based composite revealed significantly higher strength of the restored premolars compared to that of @entity11379 one. Fiber insertion demonstrated no additional effect on the strength of both composite restorations; however, it increased the prevalence of restorable @entity174 of @entity11379 -based composite restored teeth. Using nano-ionomer base under @entity11379 -based composite had a positive effect on @entity174 resistance and pattern. Only fiber-reinforced @entity16971 composite restoration resulted in a strength similar to that of the intact teeth.

title: @entity174 resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored by XXXX -based composite with or without fiber or nano-ionomer.

answer: @entity16971 :: (MESH:D062047,Chemical) :: ['silorane']


abstract: Disruption of the endothelium leads to increased permeability, allowing extravasation of macromolecules and other solutes from blood vessels. @entity460 entry through a @entity460 -selective, store-operated @entity460 (SOC) channel, I soc, contributes to barrier disruption. An understanding of the mechanisms surrounding the regulation of I soc is far from complete. We show that the @entity460 /calmodulin-activated phosphatase calcineurin (CN) plays a role in regulation of SOC entry, possibly through the dephosphorylation of @entity7010 ( @entity7010 ). Phosphorylation has been implicated as a regulatory mechanism of activity for a number of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) and SOC channels, including I soc. Our results show that @entity7010 phosphorylation increases in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) upon activation of SOC entry. However, the phosphatases involved in @entity7010 dephosphorylation are unknown. We found that a CN inhibitor ( @entity5158 [ @entity5158 ]) increases the phosphorylation pattern of @entity7010 . Using a @entity593 -acetoxymethyl ester approach to measure cytosolic @entity460 in PAECs, we found that @entity5158 decreases SOC entry following @entity2426 treatment in PAECs. Luciferase assays indicate that @entity2426 induces activation of CN activity and confirm inhibition of CN activity by @entity5158 in PAECs. Also, I soc is significantly attenuated in whole-cell patch-clamp studies of PAECs treated with @entity5158 . Finally, PAECs pretreated with @entity5158 exhibit decreased interendothelial cell gap formation in response to @entity2426 -induced SOC entry, as compared to control cells. Taken together, our data show that CN contributes to the phosphorylation status of @entity7010 , which is important in regulation of endothelial SOC entry and I soc activity.

title: The serine-threonine phosphatase calcineurin is a regulator of endothelial store-operated XXXX entry.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity7010 :: ('6786', 'Gene') :: ['stromal interaction molecule 1', 'STIM1']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity5158 :: ('MESH:C536656', 'Disease') :: ['calcineurin inhibitory peptide', 'CIP']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The objective of this work was to establish a novel Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) @entity407 model and to investigate its susceptibility genetic basis. Two rodent (gerbil and @entity35 ) @entity407 models were induced by feeding a high fat/high- @entity165 (HF/HC) diet. There were significant increases of serum total @entity165 , @entity1674 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) in gerbils within a 4-week modeling period. About 10-30% of >8-month-old individuals developed @entity407 spontaneously. The @entity12217 ( @entity12217 ) gene was cloned by merging a sequence of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and nested polymerase chain reaction products. The results revealed an open reading frame of 948   bp, encoding a protein of 298 @entity1522 . The gene without a 5'-UTR region in the first intron was highly homologous to @entity1 @entity1675 and @entity35 @entity12216 . The distribution of expression of the @entity12217 gene in liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney, and adrenal gland was detected by an ABC immunohistochemical procedure. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; @entity70821 , @entity70822 , and @entity70823 ) were first found using PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in a closed population containing 444 animals. Correlation analysis confirmed that new SNPs, age, and gender were associated significantly (P < 0.05) with @entity407 .

title: Primary genetic investigation of a XXXX model: molecular characteristics and variants of the @entity12217 gene in Mongolian gerbil.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: The objective of this work was to establish a novel Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) @entity407 model and to investigate its susceptibility genetic basis. Two rodent (gerbil and @entity35 ) @entity407 models were induced by feeding a high fat/high- @entity165 (HF/HC) diet. There were significant increases of serum total @entity165 , @entity1674 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) in gerbils within a 4-week modeling period. About 10-30% of >8-month-old individuals developed @entity407 spontaneously. The @entity12217 ( @entity12217 ) gene was cloned by merging a sequence of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and nested polymerase chain reaction products. The results revealed an open reading frame of 948   bp, encoding a protein of 298 @entity1522 . The gene without a 5'-UTR region in the first intron was highly homologous to @entity1 @entity1675 and @entity35 @entity12216 . The distribution of expression of the @entity12217 gene in liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney, and adrenal gland was detected by an ABC immunohistochemical procedure. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; @entity70821 , @entity70822 , and @entity70823 ) were first found using PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in a closed population containing 444 animals. Correlation analysis confirmed that new SNPs, age, and gender were associated significantly (P < 0.05) with @entity407 .

title: Primary genetic investigation of a @entity407 model: molecular characteristics and variants of the XXXX gene in Mongolian gerbil.

answer: @entity12217 :: (25728(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) are used in the management of @entity1635 ( @entity1635 ). Each MCGR contains a telescopic actuator that serves as the distraction element when stimulated by an external remote controller (ERC), permitting non-invasive lengthening in the outpatient clinic. PURPOSE: This report highlights a subtle cause of MCGR failure. We present the first two reported cases of lengthening pin @entity174 in @entity1 with dual-MCGR constructs. STUDY DESIGN: We present two cases of @entity1 with @entity1635 treated with dual-construct MAGEC (MAGnetic Expansion Control, @entity7085 Technologies Inc, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA) MCGRs. METHODS: A 12-year-old @entity1 presented describing a "popping" sensation in his thoracic spine and resultant grating 36 months following MCGR insertion. RESULTS: A plain radiograph revealed a subtle @entity174 of the lengthening pin within the actuator of the right MCGR. Following identification of this case of implant failure, we reviewed the most recent radiographs of all nine of our @entity1 treated with this MCGR in our institution, resulting in the discovery of bilateral MCGR lengthening pin fractures in an otherwise asymptomatic 11-year-old @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion of structural implant failure when presented with histories similar to those reported in our first case, or following unsuccessful distraction of MCGRs. In such cases new radiographs should be taken, and all previous images should be reviewed for evidence of this phenomenon. Centers that document MCGR lengthening with ultrasound should obtain plain radiographs every 6 months to evaluate the structural integrity of the implant.

title: Actuator pin XXXX in magnetically controlled growing rods: two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['early-onset scoliosis', 'EOS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 expectancy plays a role in observed placebo and nocebo effects in 2 clinical trials. METHOD: Data were reanalyzed from 2 @entity905 -discontinuation studies conducted from March 1990 to September 1992 and from May 1997 to December 2002. The 673 outpatients included were aged 18-65 years with DSM-III-R @entity308 ( @entity308 ), responded to 12-week duration open treatment, and were randomized to continued @entity905 or placebo for an additional year. @entity1 in 1 of the included studies received a fixed dose of @entity905 20 mg daily, while the second study utilized flexible @entity905 doses up to 60 mg daily. Mixed @entity204 whether the possible randomization to placebo at 12 weeks resulted in significant @entity308 worsening across treatments. Correlations were computed between early symptom change (weeks 1-3 of open treatment) and postrandomization symptom change (weeks 13-16 following randomization). RESULTS: @entity1 continuing to receive @entity905 and those switched to placebo had significantly higher mean @entity308 ( @entity308 ) scores immediately postrandomization compared to the final weeks of open treatment (P < .001 for both @entity905 - and placebo-treated @entity1 ). In both studies, early @entity308 change was significantly correlated with postrandomization @entity308 change for @entity1 receiving @entity905 (r = -0.46, P < .001) as well as placebo (r = -0.48, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of receiving placebo following 12 weeks of open @entity905 was associated with significant symptom worsening in 2 large @entity905 discontinuation studies. Worsening @entity308 scores following randomization were significantly associated with the degree of improvement @entity1 experienced during weeks 1-3 of open treatment. These results suggest that treatment changes influence @entity1 ' expectations of improvement, which, in turn, affect their @entity308 symptoms.

title: The role of XXXX expectancy in placebo and nocebo effects in antidepressant trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'depressive symptom', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder', 'Hamilton Depression Rating Scale', 'depressive', 'HDRS']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['effects longitudinal models determined']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can be used to assess @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity12652 (TACE). A total of 41 consecutive @entity1 were treated according to chemoembolization protocols. The follow-up was performed between six and eight weeks post-chemoembolization by multidetector computed tomography [or enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] and DW-MRI on the same day. The presence of any @entity41 and the extent of @entity5 @entity39 were evaluated according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the entire area of the treated mass and the vital and @entity5 tissues were recorded. Correlation coefficients were also calculated to compare the percentage of @entity39 with ADC values. The mean ADC values of the @entity5 tissues were 2.22  0.31 10(-3) mm(2)/sec and 1.42  0.25 10(-3) mm(2)/sec, respectively (Mann-Whitney U test, P<0.001). The results from the receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the threshold ADC value was 1.84 10(-3) mm(2)/sec with 92.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity for identifying the @entity5 tissues. A significant linear regression correlation was identified between the ADC value of the entire area of the treated mass and the extent of @entity5 @entity39 (r=0.58; P<0.001). In conclusion, DWI can be used to assess @entity157 viability following TACE.

title: Utility of diffusion-weighted imaging to assess XXXX @entity12652 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'necrotic and vital tumor', 'necrotic tumor']

entities_list: @entity12652 :: ('MESH:C537491', 'Disease') :: ['viability following transarterial chemoembolization']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can be used to assess @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity12652 (TACE). A total of 41 consecutive @entity1 were treated according to chemoembolization protocols. The follow-up was performed between six and eight weeks post-chemoembolization by multidetector computed tomography [or enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] and DW-MRI on the same day. The presence of any @entity41 and the extent of @entity5 @entity39 were evaluated according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the entire area of the treated mass and the vital and @entity5 tissues were recorded. Correlation coefficients were also calculated to compare the percentage of @entity39 with ADC values. The mean ADC values of the @entity5 tissues were 2.22  0.31 10(-3) mm(2)/sec and 1.42  0.25 10(-3) mm(2)/sec, respectively (Mann-Whitney U test, P<0.001). The results from the receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the threshold ADC value was 1.84 10(-3) mm(2)/sec with 92.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity for identifying the @entity5 tissues. A significant linear regression correlation was identified between the ADC value of the entire area of the treated mass and the extent of @entity5 @entity39 (r=0.58; P<0.001). In conclusion, DWI can be used to assess @entity157 viability following TACE.

title: Utility of diffusion-weighted imaging to assess @entity157 XXXX .

answer: @entity12652 :: (MESH:C537491,Disease) :: ['viability following transarterial chemoembolization']


abstract: @entity11532 or @entity74 has been defined by the @entity4987 as a behavioral addiction. To date, its pathophysiology is not completely understood and there is no FDA-approved treatment for @entity74 . @entity2227 is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system and it has been recently involved in the pathophysiology of @entity146 . In this paper, we review the current literature on a class of drugs that act as modulating @entity2227 system in PG. A total of 19 studies have been included, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical trial and case series using glutamatergic drugs ( @entity898 , @entity3393 , @entity7776 , @entity1771 , @entity14081 , @entity1772 , @entity2682 , @entity4481 , and @entity2728 ) will be presented to elucidate the effectiveness on gambling behaviors and on the related clinical dimensions (craving, withdrawal, and @entity73 ) in PG @entity1 . The results have been discussed to gain more insight in the pathophysiology and treatment of PG. In conclusion, manipulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission appears to be promising in developing improved therapeutic agents for the treatment of @entity74 . Further studies are required. Finally, we propose future directions and challenges in this research area.

title: Targeting the glutamatergic system to treat XXXX : current evidence and future perspectives.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['addictive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['Pathological gambling']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['gambling disorder', 'gambling disorders']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity2728 :: ('MESH:C048833', 'Chemical') :: ['modafinil']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity14081 :: ('MESH:C043877', 'Chemical') :: ['acamprosate']

answer: @entity11532 :: (MESH:D005715,Disease) :: ['pathological gambling']


abstract: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the alternating of hypoperfusion and full reperfusion (hypoperfusion postconditioning) could improve neuroprotection on @entity2806 in @entity35 and explored the role of TAp63 and    Np63 in this process. Eighty male @entity35 were randomly divided into 4 groups: the sham group, the cerebral ischemic/reperfusion group (I/R), the hypoperfusion group 1 ( @entity13335 ), and the hypoperfusion group 2 ( @entity13336 ). @entity2806 was established by clamping the bilateral common carotid artery with @entity551 for 20 minutes. For the @entity35 in the @entity13335 group, the blood pressure was maintained to 80 to 90 mm Hg in clamping bilateral common carotid artery minutes and then unclamped. For the @entity35 in the @entity13336 group, the clamping was performed at one side of the common carotid artery and one half of the other side of common carotid artery. Neurologic behavior scores in the I/R, @entity13335 , and @entity13336 groups decreased significantly after @entity2806 , and scores in the @entity13336 group were significantly higher than those in the I/R group (P < 0.05). Neuronal densities in the @entity13335 and @entity13336 groups were significantly higher than that in the I/R group (P < 0.05). Neuronal apoptosis in the @entity13335 and @entity13336 groups was significantly lower than that in the I/R group (P < 0.05). TAp63 and S100b concentration decreased, and    Np63 increased significantly in the @entity13335 and @entity13336 groups as compared with the I/R group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in these parameters between the @entity13335 and @entity13336 groups (P > 0.05). Alternating of hypoperfusion and normal perfusion postconditioning had neuroprotection function on @entity2806 in the @entity35 . This could relate with decreasing expression of TAp63 and increasing expression of    Np63 in hippocampal region of the first area in the hippocampal circuit to inhibit neuronal apoptosis.

title: The experiment research of neuroprotection of hypoperfusion postconditioning on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'Cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Implementing integrated systems for emergency care of @entity1 with acute @entity385 helps reduce morbidity and mortality. We describe the process of organizing and implementing a regional system to cover around 3.7 million @entity1 and its main initial results. METHODS: We performed a descriptive analysis of the implementation process and a retrospective analysis of the following parameters: number of @entity1 prenotified by the pre-hospital system; number of times thrombolysis was performed; door-to-needle time; and functional assessment three months after @entity64 . RESULTS: The implementation process started in November 2005 and ended in December 2009, and included 11 health centers. There were 3574 prenotifications from the prehospital system. Thrombolysis was performed in 1142 @entity1 . The percentage of @entity1 receiving thrombolysis rose during the study period, with a maximum of 16%. Median door-to-needle time was 62 min in 2009. Functional recovery three months after @entity64 was total or near total in 50% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The regional system implemented for emergency care of @entity1 with acute @entity385 has led to health gains, with progressive improvements in @entity1 ' access to thrombolysis, and to greater equity in the health care system, thus helping to reduce mortality from @entity66 in Portugal. Our results, which are comparable with those of international studies, support the strategy adopted for implementation of this system.

title: [Implementation of a regional system for the emergency care of acute XXXX : Initial results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data comparing systemic exposure and systemic @entity7 ( @entity7 ) suppression of ranibizumab, bevacizumab and aflibercept following intravitreal injection are lacking. METHODS: Fifty-six @entity1 with wet age-related @entity1020 received intravitreal ranibizumab (0.5   mg), bevacizumab (1.25   mg), or aflibercept (2.0   mg). Serum pharmacokinetics and plasma free @entity7 were evaluated after the first and third injections. RESULTS: Following the first dose, systemic exposure to aflibercept was 5-, 37-, and 9-fold higher than ranibizumab, whereas, bevacizumab was 9-, 310-, and 35-fold higher than ranibizumab, based on geometric mean ratio of peak and trough concentrations and area under the curve, respectively. The third dose showed accumulation of bevacizumab and aflibercept but not ranibizumab. Aflibercept substantially suppressed plasma free @entity7 , with mean levels below lower limit of quantitation (10   pg/mL) as early as 3   h postdose until >= 7   days postdose. Mean free (unbound) @entity7 levels with ranibizumab were largely unchanged, with mean trough level of 14.4   pg/mL compared with baseline of 17   pg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: There are notable differences in systemic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics among anti- @entity7 treatments after intravitreal administration. All three agents rapidly moved into the bloodstream, but ranibizumab very quickly cleared, whereas bevacizumab and aflibercept demonstrated greater systemic exposure and produced a marked reduction in plasma free @entity7 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02118831.

title: Systemic pharmacokinetics following intravitreal injections of ranibizumab, bevacizumab or aflibercept in XXXX with neovascular AMD.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity379 ) is an important immunoregulatory cytokine that has a central role against viral and @entity2348 . In this study, the cDNA encoding 141 @entity1522 of mature @entity379 from @entity19 splenocytes was cloned in a prokaryotic expression vector pQE 30. Optimization of expression conditions resulted in high @entity379 protein. Western blot showed that recombinant @entity379 was specifically recognized by its counterpart anti-mouse @entity379 antibodies. In vitro dose-dependent studies, with A549 and HeLa cell lines, showed that cloned @entity379 was safe and had no effect on cell proliferation. The protein prediction and analysis using SOPMA program, revealed that @entity379 had 80 a-helices, 8 b-turns jointed by 9 extended strands and 44 random coils. A total of four major clusters were observed with @entity19 @entity379 sharing 39 % homology with @entity1 @entity379 . Pair-wise alignment studies with @entity1 revealed 26 % identity and 43.3 % similarity. The recovery of bioactive proteins from inclusion bodies (IBs) is a complex process and various protocols have been developed. We report here a simple, robust and inexpensive purification approach for obtaining recombinant @entity379 protein expressed as IBs in @entity526 .

title: Optimization of conditions for expression of recombinant interferon-y in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-y', 'Interferon gamma (IFN-y']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E.coli']


abstract: SUMMARY: Although @entity447 is not considered among the classic causes of secondary @entity170 , the present meta-analysis provides strong evidence that @entity1 with @entity447 have a significant reduction in both lumbar spine and femoral @entity79 , which appears to begin in childhood. INTRODUCTION: @entity447 is not considered among the classic causes of secondary @entity170 . The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for case-control trials that have studied bone mass in males with @entity447 and to meta-analyze the best evidence available. METHODS: Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched for case-control trials that have studied bone mass in @entity1 or @entity1 with @entity447 . Standardized mean difference (SMD) for @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in the lumbar spine was the main study outcome and @entity79 the secondary ones. @entity1 and control characteristics, such as age, body mass index (BMI), level of physical activity and @entity1503 were recorded as possible predictors of the main outcome. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review and ten in the main outcome meta-analysis. @entity1 with @entity447 demonstrated reduced lumbar spine [random effects SMD [95 % confidence interval (CI)] = -0.56 (-0.84, -0.28), between-study heterogeneity (I (2))   =   51 %] and femoral neck @entity79 [random effects SMD (95 % CI) = -0.82 (-1.21, -0.44), I (2)   =   63 %] compared with controls, which indicated a large and clinically significant association. Similar results were obtained for @entity1 [random effects SMD (95 % CI) = -0.92 (-1.77, -0.07), I (2)   =   92 %]. No evidence of publication bias was detected. There was no evidence that age, BMI, level of physical activity or presence of @entity1503 predicted lumbar spine @entity79 . CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis shows that @entity1 with @entity447 present a significant reduction in both lumbar spine and hip @entity79 , which appears to begin in childhood.

title: Bone mineral density in @entity1 and @entity1 with XXXX and B: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patient', 'Men', 'boys', 'men']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia', 'Haemophilia']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood-borne infections']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'SMD in femoral neck and total hip BMD']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia A']


abstract: SUMMARY: Although @entity447 is not considered among the classic causes of secondary @entity170 , the present meta-analysis provides strong evidence that @entity1 with @entity447 have a significant reduction in both lumbar spine and femoral @entity79 , which appears to begin in childhood. INTRODUCTION: @entity447 is not considered among the classic causes of secondary @entity170 . The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for case-control trials that have studied bone mass in males with @entity447 and to meta-analyze the best evidence available. METHODS: Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched for case-control trials that have studied bone mass in @entity1 or @entity1 with @entity447 . Standardized mean difference (SMD) for @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in the lumbar spine was the main study outcome and @entity79 the secondary ones. @entity1 and control characteristics, such as age, body mass index (BMI), level of physical activity and @entity1503 were recorded as possible predictors of the main outcome. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review and ten in the main outcome meta-analysis. @entity1 with @entity447 demonstrated reduced lumbar spine [random effects SMD [95 % confidence interval (CI)] = -0.56 (-0.84, -0.28), between-study heterogeneity (I (2))   =   51 %] and femoral neck @entity79 [random effects SMD (95 % CI) = -0.82 (-1.21, -0.44), I (2)   =   63 %] compared with controls, which indicated a large and clinically significant association. Similar results were obtained for @entity1 [random effects SMD (95 % CI) = -0.92 (-1.77, -0.07), I (2)   =   92 %]. No evidence of publication bias was detected. There was no evidence that age, BMI, level of physical activity or presence of @entity1503 predicted lumbar spine @entity79 . CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis shows that @entity1 with @entity447 present a significant reduction in both lumbar spine and hip @entity79 , which appears to begin in childhood.

title: Bone mineral density in XXXX and @entity1 with @entity447 and B: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: SUMMARY: Although @entity447 is not considered among the classic causes of secondary @entity170 , the present meta-analysis provides strong evidence that @entity1 with @entity447 have a significant reduction in both lumbar spine and femoral @entity79 , which appears to begin in childhood. INTRODUCTION: @entity447 is not considered among the classic causes of secondary @entity170 . The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for case-control trials that have studied bone mass in males with @entity447 and to meta-analyze the best evidence available. METHODS: Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched for case-control trials that have studied bone mass in @entity1 or @entity1 with @entity447 . Standardized mean difference (SMD) for @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in the lumbar spine was the main study outcome and @entity79 the secondary ones. @entity1 and control characteristics, such as age, body mass index (BMI), level of physical activity and @entity1503 were recorded as possible predictors of the main outcome. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review and ten in the main outcome meta-analysis. @entity1 with @entity447 demonstrated reduced lumbar spine [random effects SMD [95 % confidence interval (CI)] = -0.56 (-0.84, -0.28), between-study heterogeneity (I (2))   =   51 %] and femoral neck @entity79 [random effects SMD (95 % CI) = -0.82 (-1.21, -0.44), I (2)   =   63 %] compared with controls, which indicated a large and clinically significant association. Similar results were obtained for @entity1 [random effects SMD (95 % CI) = -0.92 (-1.77, -0.07), I (2)   =   92 %]. No evidence of publication bias was detected. There was no evidence that age, BMI, level of physical activity or presence of @entity1503 predicted lumbar spine @entity79 . CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis shows that @entity1 with @entity447 present a significant reduction in both lumbar spine and hip @entity79 , which appears to begin in childhood.

title: Bone mineral density in @entity1 and XXXX with @entity447 and B: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dietary supplements are widely used but are unregulated by the US Food and Drug Administration. Presented here is a case of severe @entity177 possibly associated with a dietary supplement, which demonstrates the need for improved @entity1 -physician communication regarding the possible risks and lack of regulation of dietary supplements. METHODS: A 26-year-old @entity1 presented with 3 days of @entity812 . The @entity1 had been taking a dietary supplement called N.O.-Xplode for 3 months. Initial laboratory tests revealed a @entity1011 value of 9.45 mg/dL. Extensive laboratory analysis and imaging revealed no underlying cause of his @entity8 . Renal biopsy showed @entity4295 with normal glomeruli. After discontinuing N.O.-Xplode, renal function returned to normal within 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates the need for improved @entity1 -physician communication about dietary supplements. The @entity1 had not consulted a physician before initiating use; the amount of each ingredient contained in the dietary supplement is unavailable; and there are no available data regarding safety or efficacy. It is critical that physicians are able and open to counseling @entity1 on the inherent risks associated with dietary supplements, including their lack of regulation by the Food and Drug Administration, unknown efficacy, and possible serious adverse outcomes.

title: XXXX in a soldier taking N.O.-Xplode.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A new Japanese histologic classification (JHC) of immunoglobulin A @entity8 (IgAN) for prediction of long-term prognosis was proposed in 2013. The goal of this study was to validate the JHC system in a Japanese single-center cohort. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 198 Japanese adult @entity1 with IgAN. Clinical findings including blood pressure, urinary protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and outcomes were evaluated in these @entity1 . The @entity8 percentage score (GLPS) [number of glomeruli with cellular crescents, fibrocellular crescents, @entity1463 , segmental @entity1463 , or fibrous crescents/number of total obtained glomeruli     100 (%)] was assessed in each @entity1 and categorized into histologic grades (HGs) of @entity17485 (<25  %), @entity17484 (25-49  %), and @entity70824 (>= 50  %). Associations of GLPS (HG) with disease progression (50  % eGFR decline or @entity454 requiring dialysis) within 10  years after biopsy and the rate of annual eGFR decline were examined. RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 12.0  years after biopsy, disease progression occurred in 12.8  % (12/94) of @entity17485 @entity1 , 32.3  % (21/65) of @entity17484 @entity1 , and 46.2  % (18/39) of @entity70824 @entity1 . The risk of disease progression was significantly higher in the @entity17484 and @entity70824 groups than in the @entity17485 group (odds ratios: 3.3 and 5.9 vs. 1). A higher GLPS was significantly associated with a higher risk of disease progression and a greater annual eGFR decline. CONCLUSION: The newly proposed JHC system 2013 based on GLPS (HG) was well correlated with long-term prognosis in our cohort of Japanese adult @entity1 with IgAN.

title: Validation of the Japanese histologic classification 2013 of immunoglobulin A XXXX for prediction of long-term prognosis in a Japanese single-center cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'glomerular lesion']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['global sclerosis', 'sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: CONTEXT: The occurrence of severe @entity1282 after laparoscopic total fundoplication is currently an important factor associated with loss of quality of life in @entity1 undergoing this modality of treatment for @entity354 . OBJECTIVES: Compare the incidence and evaluate the causes of severe @entity86 in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic total fundoplication (LTF) without short gastric vessels division, using the anterior gastric wall (Rossetti LTF) or anterior and posterior gastric walls (Nissen LTF). METHODS: Analysis of the data of 289 @entity1 submitted to LTF without short gastric vessels division from January 2004 to January 2012, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. @entity1 were divided in Group 1 (Rossetti LTF - n = 160) and Group 2 (Nissen LTF - n = 129). RESULTS: The overall incidence of severe @entity86 was 3.11% (4.37% in group 1 and 1.55% in group 2; P = 0.169). The need for surgical treatment of @entity1282 was 2.5% in group 1 and 0.78% in group 2 (= 0.264). Distortions of the fundoplication were identified as possible causes of the @entity1282 in all @entity1 taken to redo fundoplication after Rossetti LTF. No wrap distortion was seen in redo fundoplication after Nissen LTF. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of severe @entity86 did not differ on the reported techniques. Only Rossetti LTF was associated with structural distortion of the fundoplication that could justify the @entity1282 .

title: XXXX after laparoscopic total fundoplication: anterior or posterior gastric wall fundoplication?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['Dysphagia']