abstract: Myocardial @entity82 is an important microscopic feature of @entity1121 . To determine whether @entity82 in @entity1121 and essential @entity101 differ in quality or quantity, and to determine whether @entity82 affects cardiac function directly, we measured the percentage of @entity82 in @entity1 of both categories and compared the severity of @entity82 with several cardiac functions. Left and right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies were performed in 25 @entity1 with essential @entity101 and in 19 @entity1 with @entity1121 . Interstitial @entity82 was classified into four different microscopic types, and the percentage of total and of each type was calculated using the point-counting method. Although the percentage of total @entity82 was similar between the two groups, the type of @entity82 was different. There was no correlation between the percentage of total @entity82 and the mean size of myocytes in either group. Although there was a significant correlation between the percentage of total @entity82 and the thickness of the interventricular septum in @entity1121 , such correlation was lacking in @entity101 . There was no correlation between the percentage of total @entity82 and the ejection fraction, cardiac index, or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in either group. We concluded that the amount of myocardial @entity82 in @entity1121 is no greater than that in essential @entity101 , but the type of @entity82 is different. Furthermore, in subjects in whom the ejection fraction is normal or only slightly decreased, @entity82 does not influence global cardiac functions.

title: Quantitation of myocardial fibrosis and its relation to function in essential XXXX and @entity1121 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: In decompensated @entity82 , the early innate immune response to the @entity2939 ( @entity2939 ) agonist, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), is characterized by a hyper-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypo-production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity688 . In LPS-stimulated non-cirrhotic immune cells, the constitutively active glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 favors pro- vs. anti-inflammatory cytokines, by acting on gene induction. However, in these cells, @entity2939 dampens its own pro-inflammatory response by inducing early (within minutes) @entity584 -mediated phosphorylation of @entity9459 (one of two GSK3 isoforms) on Ser9. Phosphorylation of @entity9459 (Ser9) inhibits its activity, decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increases @entity688 . Thus, we investigated the role of GSK3 in LPS-induced cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or monocytes from @entity1 with advanced @entity82 and normal subjects. METHODS: Cells were pre-incubated with or without GSK3 inhibitor ( @entity25650 or @entity13557 ) for 1h and then stimulated with LPS. Cytokine production was assessed at mRNA and secreted proteins levels, by real-time RT-PCR at 1h and ELISA at 20 h, respectively. @entity9459 phosphorylation was assessed using Western blotting. RESULTS: In cirrhotic and normal PBMCs pretreated with GSK3 inhibitors, LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory proteins @entity310 and IL-12p40 was significantly decreased while that of @entity688 was increased. LPS-induced, @entity584 -mediated phosphorylation of @entity9459 on Ser9 found in normal monocytes, was abolished in cirrhotic cells. CONCLUSIONS: GSK3 is involved in the early @entity2939 -mediated pro-inflammatory response in @entity1 with decompensated @entity82 . This was associated with a defect in @entity584 -mediated @entity9459 phosphorylation resulting in unrestricted 'pro-inflammatory' activity of the enzyme.

title: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 involvement in the excessive proinflammatory response to LPS in @entity1 with decompensated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: In decompensated @entity82 , the early innate immune response to the @entity2939 ( @entity2939 ) agonist, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), is characterized by a hyper-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypo-production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity688 . In LPS-stimulated non-cirrhotic immune cells, the constitutively active glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 favors pro- vs. anti-inflammatory cytokines, by acting on gene induction. However, in these cells, @entity2939 dampens its own pro-inflammatory response by inducing early (within minutes) @entity584 -mediated phosphorylation of @entity9459 (one of two GSK3 isoforms) on Ser9. Phosphorylation of @entity9459 (Ser9) inhibits its activity, decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increases @entity688 . Thus, we investigated the role of GSK3 in LPS-induced cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or monocytes from @entity1 with advanced @entity82 and normal subjects. METHODS: Cells were pre-incubated with or without GSK3 inhibitor ( @entity25650 or @entity13557 ) for 1h and then stimulated with LPS. Cytokine production was assessed at mRNA and secreted proteins levels, by real-time RT-PCR at 1h and ELISA at 20 h, respectively. @entity9459 phosphorylation was assessed using Western blotting. RESULTS: In cirrhotic and normal PBMCs pretreated with GSK3 inhibitors, LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory proteins @entity310 and IL-12p40 was significantly decreased while that of @entity688 was increased. LPS-induced, @entity584 -mediated phosphorylation of @entity9459 on Ser9 found in normal monocytes, was abolished in cirrhotic cells. CONCLUSIONS: GSK3 is involved in the early @entity2939 -mediated pro-inflammatory response in @entity1 with decompensated @entity82 . This was associated with a defect in @entity584 -mediated @entity9459 phosphorylation resulting in unrestricted 'pro-inflammatory' activity of the enzyme.

title: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 involvement in the excessive proinflammatory response to LPS in XXXX with decompensated @entity82 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1817 requiring pacemaker implantation is commonly associated with @entity955 ( @entity955 ), but may not be clinically apparent until restoration of sinus rhythm with ablation or cardioversion. We sought to determine frequency, time course, and predictors for pacemaker implantation after catheter ablation, and to compare the overall rates to a matched cardioversion cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a retrospective analysis using a large US commercial insurance database and identified 12,158 @entity955 @entity1 who underwent catheter ablation between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2012. Over an average of 2.4  years of follow-up, 5.6  % of the @entity1 underwent pacemaker implantation. Using the Cox proportional hazards models, we found that risk of risks of pacemaker implantation was associated with older age (50-64 and >= 65 versus <50  years), female gender, higher CHADS2 score (>= 2 and 1 versus 0), higher Charlson index (>= 2 versus 0-1), certain baseline comorbidities ( @entity9054 , @entity453 , and @entity712 ), and the year of ablation. There was no significant difference in the risk of pacemaker implantation between ablation @entity1 and propensity score (PS)-matched cardioversion groups (3.5 versus. 4.1  % at 1  year and 8.8 versus 8.3  % at 5  years). CONCLUSION: Overall, pacemaker implantation occurs in about 1/28 @entity1 within 1  year of catheter ablation. The overall implantation rate decreased between 2005 and 2012. Furthermore, the risk after ablation is similar to cardioversion, suggesting that @entity1 require pacing due to a common underlying electrophysiologic substrate, rather than the ablation itself.

title: Pacemaker implantation after catheter ablation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['Sinus node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduction disorder']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: No longitudinal studies beginning in childhood have estimated the cumulative prevalence of @entity146 from childhood into young adulthood. The objective of this study was to estimate the cumulative prevalence of @entity146 by young adulthood and to assess how inclusion of not otherwise specified diagnoses affects cumulative prevalence estimates. METHOD: The prospective, population-based Great Smoky Mountains Study assessed 1,420 @entity1 up to nine times from 9 through 21 years of age from 11 counties in the southeastern United States. Common @entity146 were assessed in childhood and adolescence (ages 9 to 16 years) with the @entity1 and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment and in young adulthood (ages 19 and 21 years) with the Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment. Cumulative prevalence estimates were derived from multiple imputed datasets. RESULTS: By 21 years of age, 61.1% of @entity1 had met criteria for a well-specified @entity146 . An additional 21.4% had met criteria for a not otherwise specified disorder only, increasing the total cumulative prevalence for any @entity74 .5%. Male subjects had higher rates of substance and @entity952 compared with female subjects; therefore, they were more likely to meet criteria for a well-specified disorder (67.8% vs 56.7%) or any disorder (89.1% vs 77.8%). @entity1 with a not otherwise specified disorder only were at increased risk for a well-specified young adult disorder compared with @entity1 with no disorder in childhood. CONCLUSIONS: Only a small percentage of young @entity1 meet criteria for a @entity74 at any given time, but most do by young adulthood. As with other medical illness, @entity146 is a nearly universal experience.

title: Cumulative prevalence of XXXX by young adulthood: a prospective cohort analysis from the Great Smoky Mountains Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'children', 'Children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['DSM disorder', 'disorder to 82']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['disruptive behavior disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness', 'psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: Radiation with ultrared light (UR) and with a supposed pure UVA high pressure tube leads to increase of the skin surface temperature, which is linear during UR radiation and causes @entity158 at 42 degrees C. During UVA radiation, the skin surface temperature increases in a parabolic curve and approximates 42.3 degrees C asymptotically. There is no @entity158 . Following both UR and UVA, erythema occurs at 41.4 degrees C. UVA additionally results in immediate @entity2118 dependent on the dose between 6 and 20 J/cm2. UR does not induce any @entity2118 . The erythema induced by UR disappears completely within 6 hours. Corresponding to the dose, the erythema persists up to 7 days after UV radiation. Immediate and delayed @entity5105 overlap. The @entity2118 shows a biphasic reaction. There is a maximum immediately at the end of UV radiation, reduction between 6 and 24 hours after radiation. The course of erythema and @entity2118 indicates a clinically relevant part of UVB in the emission spectrum supposed to be pure UVA. A therapeutical trial was performed in 40 @entity1 suffering from severe @entity483 . In a group of 10 @entity1 , daily UR radiation up to beginning @entity158 showed good results within 3 weeks. The therapeutic effects were even better in another group of @entity1 radiated with suberythematous doses of UVA daily for the same time. UVA radiations twice a week for 6 to 8 weeks were less effective.

title: [Effects of infrared and UVA rays on the @entity1 skin and their efficacy in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['erythema obviously']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: Radiation with ultrared light (UR) and with a supposed pure UVA high pressure tube leads to increase of the skin surface temperature, which is linear during UR radiation and causes @entity158 at 42 degrees C. During UVA radiation, the skin surface temperature increases in a parabolic curve and approximates 42.3 degrees C asymptotically. There is no @entity158 . Following both UR and UVA, erythema occurs at 41.4 degrees C. UVA additionally results in immediate @entity2118 dependent on the dose between 6 and 20 J/cm2. UR does not induce any @entity2118 . The erythema induced by UR disappears completely within 6 hours. Corresponding to the dose, the erythema persists up to 7 days after UV radiation. Immediate and delayed @entity5105 overlap. The @entity2118 shows a biphasic reaction. There is a maximum immediately at the end of UV radiation, reduction between 6 and 24 hours after radiation. The course of erythema and @entity2118 indicates a clinically relevant part of UVB in the emission spectrum supposed to be pure UVA. A therapeutical trial was performed in 40 @entity1 suffering from severe @entity483 . In a group of 10 @entity1 , daily UR radiation up to beginning @entity158 showed good results within 3 weeks. The therapeutic effects were even better in another group of @entity1 radiated with suberythematous doses of UVA daily for the same time. UVA radiations twice a week for 6 to 8 weeks were less effective.

title: [Effects of infrared and UVA rays on the XXXX skin and their efficacy in the treatment of @entity483 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity901 and @entity3907 -induced @entity137 is dose-limiting and mostly presents with acute symptoms that affect the activities of daily living and overall quality of life. The objective of the present study is to assess the relief of acute @entity16 with @entity906 treatment during the chemotherapy period. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective case-control study, from January 2010 to February 2015, @entity1 who experienced treatment with @entity901 and @entity3907 -induced acute @entity2359 were evaluated according to the NCI-CTCAE v. 4.03 grading scale. @entity2359 was evaluated using a numeric rating scale (NRS) for @entity158 intensity and experienced relief under the treatment of @entity906 and using a @entity9 symptom inventory scale (NPSI) for the style of complaints. @entity1 who were diagnosed as mildly depressed according to the HOST @entity148 and @entity308 scale and who had grade 1 to 3 sensory @entity2359 based on the NCI-CTCAE v. 4.03 grading scale, and who also reported >= 4/10 on a NRS were eligible. The primary end point was the rate of more than 75  % symptomatic relief under @entity906 treatment. RESULTS: Two hundred six @entity1 were included (82  % female, median age: 52.7  years). Most @entity1 had breast, gynecologic, and @entity694 (93.4  %). Ninety-one @entity1 who received @entity906 and 115 @entity1 as the control group were assessed for @entity2359 every 3  weeks. Based on the NRS, a rate of more than 75  % symptomatic relief was 53.5, 58.3, and45.2  % in @entity906 arm versus 0, 0, and 0  % in the control arm in the first, second, and third visits, respectively. Side-effects of @entity906 (n   =   7) were grade 1-2 @entity390 / @entity391 (3.2  %) and @entity1395 /somnolence (3.2  %) without grade 3-4 events. CONCLUSION: @entity906 has a significant clinical activity against @entity3907 - @entity901 -induced acute @entity137 .

title: Efficacy of XXXX for the relief of @entity3907 and @entity901 -induced acute @entity2359 : a single-center retrospective case-control study.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory toxicity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['Venlafaxine', 'venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity906 :: (MESH:C047426,Chemical) :: ['venlafaxine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity901 and @entity3907 -induced @entity137 is dose-limiting and mostly presents with acute symptoms that affect the activities of daily living and overall quality of life. The objective of the present study is to assess the relief of acute @entity16 with @entity906 treatment during the chemotherapy period. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective case-control study, from January 2010 to February 2015, @entity1 who experienced treatment with @entity901 and @entity3907 -induced acute @entity2359 were evaluated according to the NCI-CTCAE v. 4.03 grading scale. @entity2359 was evaluated using a numeric rating scale (NRS) for @entity158 intensity and experienced relief under the treatment of @entity906 and using a @entity9 symptom inventory scale (NPSI) for the style of complaints. @entity1 who were diagnosed as mildly depressed according to the HOST @entity148 and @entity308 scale and who had grade 1 to 3 sensory @entity2359 based on the NCI-CTCAE v. 4.03 grading scale, and who also reported >= 4/10 on a NRS were eligible. The primary end point was the rate of more than 75  % symptomatic relief under @entity906 treatment. RESULTS: Two hundred six @entity1 were included (82  % female, median age: 52.7  years). Most @entity1 had breast, gynecologic, and @entity694 (93.4  %). Ninety-one @entity1 who received @entity906 and 115 @entity1 as the control group were assessed for @entity2359 every 3  weeks. Based on the NRS, a rate of more than 75  % symptomatic relief was 53.5, 58.3, and45.2  % in @entity906 arm versus 0, 0, and 0  % in the control arm in the first, second, and third visits, respectively. Side-effects of @entity906 (n   =   7) were grade 1-2 @entity390 / @entity391 (3.2  %) and @entity1395 /somnolence (3.2  %) without grade 3-4 events. CONCLUSION: @entity906 has a significant clinical activity against @entity3907 - @entity901 -induced acute @entity137 .

title: Efficacy of @entity906 for the relief of @entity3907 and XXXX -induced acute @entity2359 : a single-center retrospective case-control study.

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity901 and @entity3907 -induced @entity137 is dose-limiting and mostly presents with acute symptoms that affect the activities of daily living and overall quality of life. The objective of the present study is to assess the relief of acute @entity16 with @entity906 treatment during the chemotherapy period. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective case-control study, from January 2010 to February 2015, @entity1 who experienced treatment with @entity901 and @entity3907 -induced acute @entity2359 were evaluated according to the NCI-CTCAE v. 4.03 grading scale. @entity2359 was evaluated using a numeric rating scale (NRS) for @entity158 intensity and experienced relief under the treatment of @entity906 and using a @entity9 symptom inventory scale (NPSI) for the style of complaints. @entity1 who were diagnosed as mildly depressed according to the HOST @entity148 and @entity308 scale and who had grade 1 to 3 sensory @entity2359 based on the NCI-CTCAE v. 4.03 grading scale, and who also reported >= 4/10 on a NRS were eligible. The primary end point was the rate of more than 75  % symptomatic relief under @entity906 treatment. RESULTS: Two hundred six @entity1 were included (82  % female, median age: 52.7  years). Most @entity1 had breast, gynecologic, and @entity694 (93.4  %). Ninety-one @entity1 who received @entity906 and 115 @entity1 as the control group were assessed for @entity2359 every 3  weeks. Based on the NRS, a rate of more than 75  % symptomatic relief was 53.5, 58.3, and45.2  % in @entity906 arm versus 0, 0, and 0  % in the control arm in the first, second, and third visits, respectively. Side-effects of @entity906 (n   =   7) were grade 1-2 @entity390 / @entity391 (3.2  %) and @entity1395 /somnolence (3.2  %) without grade 3-4 events. CONCLUSION: @entity906 has a significant clinical activity against @entity3907 - @entity901 -induced acute @entity137 .

title: Efficacy of @entity906 for the relief of @entity3907 and @entity901 -induced acute XXXX : a single-center retrospective case-control study.

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity901 and @entity3907 -induced @entity137 is dose-limiting and mostly presents with acute symptoms that affect the activities of daily living and overall quality of life. The objective of the present study is to assess the relief of acute @entity16 with @entity906 treatment during the chemotherapy period. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective case-control study, from January 2010 to February 2015, @entity1 who experienced treatment with @entity901 and @entity3907 -induced acute @entity2359 were evaluated according to the NCI-CTCAE v. 4.03 grading scale. @entity2359 was evaluated using a numeric rating scale (NRS) for @entity158 intensity and experienced relief under the treatment of @entity906 and using a @entity9 symptom inventory scale (NPSI) for the style of complaints. @entity1 who were diagnosed as mildly depressed according to the HOST @entity148 and @entity308 scale and who had grade 1 to 3 sensory @entity2359 based on the NCI-CTCAE v. 4.03 grading scale, and who also reported >= 4/10 on a NRS were eligible. The primary end point was the rate of more than 75  % symptomatic relief under @entity906 treatment. RESULTS: Two hundred six @entity1 were included (82  % female, median age: 52.7  years). Most @entity1 had breast, gynecologic, and @entity694 (93.4  %). Ninety-one @entity1 who received @entity906 and 115 @entity1 as the control group were assessed for @entity2359 every 3  weeks. Based on the NRS, a rate of more than 75  % symptomatic relief was 53.5, 58.3, and45.2  % in @entity906 arm versus 0, 0, and 0  % in the control arm in the first, second, and third visits, respectively. Side-effects of @entity906 (n   =   7) were grade 1-2 @entity390 / @entity391 (3.2  %) and @entity1395 /somnolence (3.2  %) without grade 3-4 events. CONCLUSION: @entity906 has a significant clinical activity against @entity3907 - @entity901 -induced acute @entity137 .

title: Efficacy of @entity906 for the relief of XXXX and @entity901 -induced acute @entity2359 : a single-center retrospective case-control study.

answer: @entity3907 :: (MESH:C080625,Chemical) :: ['taxane']


abstract: Physical characteristics of the @entity291 teat canal were examined for their influence on susceptibility to intramammary @entity281 . All quarters of 18 @entity291 were inoculated with 2 x 10(5) cfu @entity5967 (Trial 1) and 20 @entity291 with 10(5) cfu Str. uberis (Trial 2) 3-4 mm into the teat canal every 3 d for 12 d. Incidence of @entity281 was similar for both pathogens, 30/72 (42%) in Trial 1 and 32/80 (40%) in Trial 2. Logistic regression analysis showed that probability of @entity281 by Str. agalactiae increased significantly with an increase in quarter peak flow rate (P < 0.05) whereas probability of @entity281 increased for Str. uberis with a decrease in teat canal length (P < 0.05). A significantly higher (P < 0.001) incidence of @entity281 by Str. uberis was observed in quarters that contained a low wet weight (< 1.8 mg) of removable keratin compared with those that contained > 1.8 mg keratin, but there was no correlation between weight of keratin and length of the teat canal. Infections by Str. uberis took significantly less (P < 0.05) time to show a rise in somatic cell count above 7.5 x 10(5) cells/ml than Str. agalactiae. The results provide evidence that these pathogens use different mechanisms to pass through the teat canal.

title: Physical characteristics of the XXXX teat canal and their influence on susceptibility to streptococcal infection.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'quarter infection']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The activation of the @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) signaling pathway reduces water loss from plants challenged by drought stress. The effect of drought-induced @entity2272 signaling on the defense and nutrition allocation of plants is largely unknown. We postulated that these changes can affect herbivorous insects. We studied the effects of drought on different feeding stages of @entity6294 in the wild-type A17 of @entity4166 and @entity2272 signaling pathway mutant sta-1. We examined the impact of drought on plant water status, induced @entity7189 signaling via the @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ), @entity7214 (JA), and @entity3785 (SA) pathways, and on the host nutritional quality in terms of leaf free @entity3689 content. During the penetration phase of aphid feeding, drought decreased epidermis/mesophyll resistance but increased mesophyll/phloem resistance of A17 but not sta-1 plants. Quantification of transcripts associated with @entity2272 , JA and SA signaling indicated that the drought-induced up-regulation of @entity2272 signaling decreased the SA-dependent defense but increased the JA-dependent defense in A17 plants. During the phloem-feeding phase, drought had little effect on the @entity3689 concentrations and the associated aphid phloem-feeding parameters in both plant genotypes. In the xylem absorption stage, drought decreased xylem absorption time of aphids in both genotypes because of decreased water potential. Nevertheless, the activation of the @entity2272 signaling pathway increased water-use efficiency of A17 plants by decreasing the stomatal aperture and transpiration rate. In contrast, the water potential of sta-1 plants (unable to close stomata) was too low to support xylem absorption activity of aphids; the aphids on sta-1 plants had the highest hemolymph osmolarity and lowest abundance under drought conditions. Taken together this study illustrates the significance of cross-talk between biotic-abiotic signaling pathways in plant-aphid interaction, and reveals the mechanisms leading to alter aphid fecundity in water stresses plants.

title: Up-regulation of XXXX signaling pathway facilitates aphid xylem absorption and osmoregulation under drought stress.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity7189 :: ('MESH:D010939', 'Disease') :: ['plant defense']

entities_list: @entity4166 :: ('3880', 'Species') :: ['Medicago truncatula']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['abscisic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11941 or sinus tracts are frequently misdiagnosed and incorrectly treated, leading to unnecessary procedures and @entity1 suffering. An understanding of the draining of cutaneous sinus tracts will lead to more appropriate treatment. Most cases respond to conservative, nonsurgical root canal therapy. Our objective is to report 2 cases of cutaneous sinus tract secondary to chronic @entity281 that were recently observed at our hospital. METHODS: We present 2 cases of recurrent @entity922 that were initially misdiagnosed and treated with oral antibiotics without response. RESULTS: Clinical findings included palpable facial nodules with drainage, palpable intraoral cords, and poor dentition with @entity2522 ; radiologic examination showed a @entity1548 process consistent with @entity50 . Both of the cases were referred to the maxillofacial department, where the cyst and nonrestorable teeth were extracted. CONCLUSION: Because @entity1 with cutaneous facial sinus tracts of dental origin often do not have obvious dental symptoms, a possible dental etiology may be overlooked. If dental origin is suspected, the diagnosis is easily confirmed by dental examination and dental roentgenograms of the involved area. Early correct diagnosis, based on radiologic evidence of a periapical @entity281 and treatment of these lesions can help prevent unnecessary and ineffective antibiotic therapy or surgical treatment, reducing the possibility of further complications such as @entity295 and @entity4034 .

title: XXXX of Odontogenic Origin: Two Case Reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['dental sinus tracts']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['periapical disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['periapical dental infection', 'root infection']

entities_list: @entity11941 :: ('MESH:D017577', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous odontogenic fistulas']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['suppurative facial lesions']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Sinus Tracts']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The concept of "cardioprotection" based on ejection fraction was tested to see whether @entity1 with @entity453 in whom medical treatment fails to be cardioprotective can be distinguished from those in whom it is safe to continue such treatment. BACKGROUND: Ejection fraction is of fundamental prognostic importance. Its modification by anti- @entity63 medication may allow assessment of cardioprotection from adverse outcome. METHODS: Exercise ejection fraction and the change in ejection fraction from rest to exercise were measured by radionuclide ventriculography with and without background medication in 102 mildly symptomatic @entity1 with @entity453 suitable for revascularization but initially treated medically. RESULTS: Over 20 months, 23 @entity1 experienced an adverse event. With medication, exercise ejection fraction increased in @entity1 with and without events. By contrast, the ejection fraction response to exercise improved significantly in the event-free group only; the group with events had a persistent decrease in ejection fraction. By Cox analysis, the ejection fraction response to exercise performed with medication made the most significant independent contribution to event-free survival. Comparison of areas under receiver operating characteristic curves suggested that this index is the most useful clinical measure of cardioprotection. CONCLUSIONS: An exercise-induced decrease in ejection fraction despite anti- @entity63 medication implies failure of cardioprotection and a greater short-term risk of adverse outcome and crossover to revascularization in @entity1 initially treated medically. Conversely, a preserved left ventricular performance confers a satisfactory prognosis while continuing with that treatment. Thus, the effect of medication on the ejection fraction response to exercise--a reasonable estimate of its cardioprotective efficacy--may influence the choice of continuing with such treatment or performing early revascularization.

title: Objective assessment of "cardioprotective" efficacy as a prognostic guide to management of mildly symptomatic revascularizable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to examine the influence of plasma @entity3452 [ @entity3452 ] levels on coronary endothelial vasomotor function. BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a direct relation between elevated plasma levels of @entity3452 and increased risk of @entity453 . Well recognized coronary risk factors are known to affect endothelium-dependent vasomotion; however, the influence of @entity3452 on coronary vasomotor function has not been determined. METHODS: We used quantitative coronary angiography to measure left anterior descending coronary artery diameter changes produced by intracoronary @entity934 and @entity3763 in 30 @entity1 with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Plasma @entity3452 levels were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Vasomotor response to @entity934 ranged from +13% to -47% in the proximal, from +23% to -53% in the middle and from +13% to -56% in the distal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery. According to univariate linear regression analysis, @entity3452 had a significant inverse correlation with vasomotor response to @entity934 : r = 0.47, p < 0.01 in the proximal; r = -0.61, p < 0.001 in the middle; and r = -0.52, p < 0.01 in the distal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery. By multiple stepwise regression analysis, plasma @entity3452 was the significant predictor of vasomotion in response to @entity934 in all tested segments (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated @entity3452 levels were associated with impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation even when @entity731 were not recognizable by angiography. This finding suggests that elevated plasma levels of @entity3452 cause @entity409 and may contribute in part to later development of @entity731 , as shown in epidemiologic studies.

title: Influence of plasma lipoprotein (a) levels on coronary vasomotor response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study reviews the clinical outcome of a series of @entity1 with @entity2396 before and after immunosuppressive therapy. BACKGROUND: Despite anti-inflammatory treatment, some @entity1 with acute @entity2396 experience repeated relapses of the disease. The use of @entity230 for the treatment of @entity2396 remains controversial. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 (4 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ; mean [+/- SD] age 35.9 +/- 17.2 years, range 15 to 65) with @entity2396 unrelated to any @entity262 were selected. All 12 @entity1 previously received ineffective short-term courses of low dose @entity230 and had a total of 39 relapses during a mean follow-up period of 14.2 months (range 4 to 50). A 3-month course of treatment with @entity229 , at an immunosuppressive dosage, was started (1 to 1.5 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 weeks, then gradually withdrawn). When @entity229 reduction was undertaken, all @entity1 started a 5-month course of treatment with @entity117 (1.6 g/day until @entity134 suspension, then reduced to 0.8 g/day). RESULTS: During a mean follow-up period of 41.6 months (range 7 to 104), immunosuppressive treatment with high dose @entity229 resulted in stable remission in all except one @entity1 , who experienced one relapse. In this @entity1 , the addition of @entity500 to @entity229 induced a persistent remission, which remained after 1-year follow-up. During treatment, three @entity1 had severe @entity134 -related adverse effects that in two @entity1 required replacement of @entity229 with @entity500 and @entity786 , respectively. This variation in the immunosuppressive regimen did not modify the favorable clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The dose and duration of @entity134 treatment are critical factors in preventing @entity2396 . High dose @entity229 with @entity117 should be considered in the treatment of @entity2396 resistant to anti-inflammatory therapy. @entity786 or @entity500 should be reserved for @entity1 who do not respond to high dose @entity229 or who experience severe complications related to @entity134 therapy.

title: Immunosuppressive therapy prevents XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent pericarditis', 'pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity2396 :: (MESH:D010493,Disease) :: ['recurrent pericarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity1 with @entity453 to 1) determine the relation between flow reserve measured by @entity1568 -13 (N-13) @entity3265 kinetic modeling and @entity850 severity assessed by quantitative angiography, and 2) examine whether flow reserve is impaired in regions supplied by vessels without significant @entity66 . BACKGROUND: With the advent of new therapeutic approaches for @entity301 , an accurate noninvasive approach for absolute quantification of flow and flow reserve is needed to evaluate functional severity and extent of @entity731 . @entity36882 @entity3265 kinetic modeling may permit such evaluation. METHODS: Twenty-seven subjects were classified into three groups: group 1 = 5 young volunteers: group 2 = 7 middle-aged volunteers; and group 3 = 15 @entity1 with @entity453 . Dynamic N-13 @entity3265 positron emission tomographic imaging was performed at rest and during @entity859 infusion. A three-compartment model was fit to regional N-13 @entity3265 kinetic data to determine myocardial flow. Group 3 @entity1 underwent quantitative coronary angiography. RESULTS: The regional blood flow results in @entity1 with @entity301 were classified into four subgroups: no significant detectable disease and mild (50% to 69.9% area @entity850 ), moderate (70% to 94.9% area @entity850 ) or severe (95% to 100% area @entity850 ) @entity301 . Flow reserve was 2.95 +/- 0.65; 2.09 +/- 0.47; 2.02 +/- 0.51; 1.3 +/- 0.32, respectively (p < or = 0.01 except mild vs. moderate). Flow reserve was correlated with percent area @entity850 (r = -0.56) and minimal lumen diameter (r = 0.75). In volunteers (groups 1 and 2), flow reserves were greater than in segments without detectable disease in group 3 @entity1 (4.10 +/- 0.71 and 3.79 +/- 0.42, respectively, vs. 2.88 +/- 0.56, p < or = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The functional severity of @entity301 measured by N-13 @entity3265 positron emission tomography varied for a given @entity850 but was significantly related to angiographic severity. Among @entity1 with @entity301 , @entity296 without significant angiographic stenoses displayed reduced flow reserve than did regions in control subjects, indicating that vascular reactivity was more diffusely impaired in group 3 than was suggested by angiography. Noninvasive quantification of myocardial flow reserve using dynamic N-13 @entity3265 positron emission tomography yields important functional data that permit definition of the extent of disease even when disease is not apparent by angiography.

title: Noninvasive quantification of regional myocardial flow reserve in @entity1 with @entity453 using XXXX -13 @entity3265 positron emission tomography. Determination of extent of altered vascular reactivity.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic disease']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial regions']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity1 with @entity453 to 1) determine the relation between flow reserve measured by @entity1568 -13 (N-13) @entity3265 kinetic modeling and @entity850 severity assessed by quantitative angiography, and 2) examine whether flow reserve is impaired in regions supplied by vessels without significant @entity66 . BACKGROUND: With the advent of new therapeutic approaches for @entity301 , an accurate noninvasive approach for absolute quantification of flow and flow reserve is needed to evaluate functional severity and extent of @entity731 . @entity36882 @entity3265 kinetic modeling may permit such evaluation. METHODS: Twenty-seven subjects were classified into three groups: group 1 = 5 young volunteers: group 2 = 7 middle-aged volunteers; and group 3 = 15 @entity1 with @entity453 . Dynamic N-13 @entity3265 positron emission tomographic imaging was performed at rest and during @entity859 infusion. A three-compartment model was fit to regional N-13 @entity3265 kinetic data to determine myocardial flow. Group 3 @entity1 underwent quantitative coronary angiography. RESULTS: The regional blood flow results in @entity1 with @entity301 were classified into four subgroups: no significant detectable disease and mild (50% to 69.9% area @entity850 ), moderate (70% to 94.9% area @entity850 ) or severe (95% to 100% area @entity850 ) @entity301 . Flow reserve was 2.95 +/- 0.65; 2.09 +/- 0.47; 2.02 +/- 0.51; 1.3 +/- 0.32, respectively (p < or = 0.01 except mild vs. moderate). Flow reserve was correlated with percent area @entity850 (r = -0.56) and minimal lumen diameter (r = 0.75). In volunteers (groups 1 and 2), flow reserves were greater than in segments without detectable disease in group 3 @entity1 (4.10 +/- 0.71 and 3.79 +/- 0.42, respectively, vs. 2.88 +/- 0.56, p < or = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The functional severity of @entity301 measured by N-13 @entity3265 positron emission tomography varied for a given @entity850 but was significantly related to angiographic severity. Among @entity1 with @entity301 , @entity296 without significant angiographic stenoses displayed reduced flow reserve than did regions in control subjects, indicating that vascular reactivity was more diffusely impaired in group 3 than was suggested by angiography. Noninvasive quantification of myocardial flow reserve using dynamic N-13 @entity3265 positron emission tomography yields important functional data that permit definition of the extent of disease even when disease is not apparent by angiography.

title: Noninvasive quantification of regional myocardial flow reserve in @entity1 with XXXX using @entity1568 -13 @entity3265 positron emission tomography. Determination of extent of altered vascular reactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity1 with @entity453 to 1) determine the relation between flow reserve measured by @entity1568 -13 (N-13) @entity3265 kinetic modeling and @entity850 severity assessed by quantitative angiography, and 2) examine whether flow reserve is impaired in regions supplied by vessels without significant @entity66 . BACKGROUND: With the advent of new therapeutic approaches for @entity301 , an accurate noninvasive approach for absolute quantification of flow and flow reserve is needed to evaluate functional severity and extent of @entity731 . @entity36882 @entity3265 kinetic modeling may permit such evaluation. METHODS: Twenty-seven subjects were classified into three groups: group 1 = 5 young volunteers: group 2 = 7 middle-aged volunteers; and group 3 = 15 @entity1 with @entity453 . Dynamic N-13 @entity3265 positron emission tomographic imaging was performed at rest and during @entity859 infusion. A three-compartment model was fit to regional N-13 @entity3265 kinetic data to determine myocardial flow. Group 3 @entity1 underwent quantitative coronary angiography. RESULTS: The regional blood flow results in @entity1 with @entity301 were classified into four subgroups: no significant detectable disease and mild (50% to 69.9% area @entity850 ), moderate (70% to 94.9% area @entity850 ) or severe (95% to 100% area @entity850 ) @entity301 . Flow reserve was 2.95 +/- 0.65; 2.09 +/- 0.47; 2.02 +/- 0.51; 1.3 +/- 0.32, respectively (p < or = 0.01 except mild vs. moderate). Flow reserve was correlated with percent area @entity850 (r = -0.56) and minimal lumen diameter (r = 0.75). In volunteers (groups 1 and 2), flow reserves were greater than in segments without detectable disease in group 3 @entity1 (4.10 +/- 0.71 and 3.79 +/- 0.42, respectively, vs. 2.88 +/- 0.56, p < or = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The functional severity of @entity301 measured by N-13 @entity3265 positron emission tomography varied for a given @entity850 but was significantly related to angiographic severity. Among @entity1 with @entity301 , @entity296 without significant angiographic stenoses displayed reduced flow reserve than did regions in control subjects, indicating that vascular reactivity was more diffusely impaired in group 3 than was suggested by angiography. Noninvasive quantification of myocardial flow reserve using dynamic N-13 @entity3265 positron emission tomography yields important functional data that permit definition of the extent of disease even when disease is not apparent by angiography.

title: Noninvasive quantification of regional myocardial flow reserve in @entity1 with @entity453 using @entity1568 -13 XXXX positron emission tomography. Determination of extent of altered vascular reactivity.

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity1 with @entity453 to 1) determine the relation between flow reserve measured by @entity1568 -13 (N-13) @entity3265 kinetic modeling and @entity850 severity assessed by quantitative angiography, and 2) examine whether flow reserve is impaired in regions supplied by vessels without significant @entity66 . BACKGROUND: With the advent of new therapeutic approaches for @entity301 , an accurate noninvasive approach for absolute quantification of flow and flow reserve is needed to evaluate functional severity and extent of @entity731 . @entity36882 @entity3265 kinetic modeling may permit such evaluation. METHODS: Twenty-seven subjects were classified into three groups: group 1 = 5 young volunteers: group 2 = 7 middle-aged volunteers; and group 3 = 15 @entity1 with @entity453 . Dynamic N-13 @entity3265 positron emission tomographic imaging was performed at rest and during @entity859 infusion. A three-compartment model was fit to regional N-13 @entity3265 kinetic data to determine myocardial flow. Group 3 @entity1 underwent quantitative coronary angiography. RESULTS: The regional blood flow results in @entity1 with @entity301 were classified into four subgroups: no significant detectable disease and mild (50% to 69.9% area @entity850 ), moderate (70% to 94.9% area @entity850 ) or severe (95% to 100% area @entity850 ) @entity301 . Flow reserve was 2.95 +/- 0.65; 2.09 +/- 0.47; 2.02 +/- 0.51; 1.3 +/- 0.32, respectively (p < or = 0.01 except mild vs. moderate). Flow reserve was correlated with percent area @entity850 (r = -0.56) and minimal lumen diameter (r = 0.75). In volunteers (groups 1 and 2), flow reserves were greater than in segments without detectable disease in group 3 @entity1 (4.10 +/- 0.71 and 3.79 +/- 0.42, respectively, vs. 2.88 +/- 0.56, p < or = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The functional severity of @entity301 measured by N-13 @entity3265 positron emission tomography varied for a given @entity850 but was significantly related to angiographic severity. Among @entity1 with @entity301 , @entity296 without significant angiographic stenoses displayed reduced flow reserve than did regions in control subjects, indicating that vascular reactivity was more diffusely impaired in group 3 than was suggested by angiography. Noninvasive quantification of myocardial flow reserve using dynamic N-13 @entity3265 positron emission tomography yields important functional data that permit definition of the extent of disease even when disease is not apparent by angiography.

title: Noninvasive quantification of regional myocardial flow reserve in XXXX with @entity453 using @entity1568 -13 @entity3265 positron emission tomography. Determination of extent of altered vascular reactivity.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to study a population of @entity1 with @entity1121 from the well defined geographic region of Tuscany in central Italy, a group virtually free of selective referral bias and therefore probably closely representative of the true @entity1 population with this disease. BACKGROUND: Most available information on clinical course, natural history and prognosis of @entity1121 is based on data generated from tertiary referral centers and therefore constitutes a potentially biased perspective of the disease process in this complex and diverse condition. METHODS: The study group comprised 202 @entity1 aged 1 to 74 years (mean +/- SD 41 +/- 17) at initial diagnosis and followed up for 1 to 30 years (mean 10 +/- 5). RESULTS: Largely with the use of single or multiple drug therapy, the vast majority of @entity1 (n = 154 [76%]) were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and in stable or improved condition over the period of follow-up, whereas the remaining @entity1 (n = 48 [24%]) experienced deterioration, had substantial functional impairment or died. Of the 13 @entity1 (6%) who died of cardiovascular causes related to @entity1121 , 11 had progressive @entity712 (including 6 in the end-stage phase) and only 2 died suddenly. The annual mortality rate for @entity65 was 0.6% and that due to @entity1164 was only 0.1%; the cumulative survival rate was 97%, 95% and 92%, respectively, at 5, 10 and 15 years of follow-up. @entity955 proved to be a relatively common (n = 57 [28%]) and particularly unfavorable clinical feature, with @entity204 occurring in 9 of the 57 @entity1 . The cumulative survival rate after 15 years was 76% for @entity1 with @entity955 versus 97% for @entity1 with sinus rhythm. @entity1163 occurred in 33 @entity1 (16%) but did not appear to be of prognostic significance. CONCLUSIONS: In an unselected regional population, @entity1121 had a relatively benign prognosis inconsistent with its prior characterization as a generally progressive disorder, based primarily on the experience of selected referral institutions. Sudden unexpected @entity204 was distinctly uncommon, although a sizable proportion of @entity1 (particularly the subset prone to @entity955 ), did experience clinical deterioration.

title: XXXX in Tuscany: clinical course and outcome in an unselected regional population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'premature death']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the effect of oral @entity2514 on the development of @entity1507 tolerance in @entity1 with chronic @entity712 . BACKGROUND: Early development of @entity1507 tolerance with either continuous administration of intravenous or topical @entity1507 preparations or frequent dosing of oral @entity3362 leads to significant attenuation of @entity1507 -mediated hemodynamic and anti- @entity63 effects. In recent animal experiments, prevention of @entity1242 -induced hemodynamic tolerance with a concomitant use of @entity2514 was demonstrated. This finding may have important clinical relevance. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity1002 were randomized to receive either a continuous infusion (24 h) of @entity1242 alone (group I, 14 @entity1 ) or concomitantly with oral @entity2514 (75 mg four times a day [group II, 14 @entity1 ]). The effect of @entity1242 in each group was evaluated by analysis of variance for repeated measures. The power of the analysis to detect a 5.4-mm Hg (20%) change in mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure was 90%. RESULTS: Baseline hemodynamic variables as well as the initial hemodynamic response to @entity1242 were comparable in both groups. Compared with the initial response to @entity1242 , a significant attenuation of effect was found in group I at 24 h in mean (+/- SE) pulmonary artery pressure (27 +/- 4% vs. 10 +/- 3%, p < 0.05) and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (40 +/- 4% vs. 16 +/- 4%, p < 0.05). In group II, conversely, oral @entity2514 prevented @entity1242 -induced hemodynamic tolerance and resulted in a persistent effect on mean pulmonary artery and wedge pressures throughout the study period (31 +/- 3% vs. 27 +/- 4%, p = 0.13 and 37 +/- 4% vs. 34 +/- 6%, p = 0.40, respectively). In addition, the initial effect on blood pressure was attenuated at 24 h in group I (5 +/- 2% vs. 12 +/- 3%, p < 0.05) but not in group II (15 +/- 3% vs. 17 +/- 2%, p = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity1002 , the concomitant use of oral @entity2514 prevents early development of @entity1507 tolerance and results in a persistent @entity1507 -mediated hemodynamic effect on @entity358 and left ventricular filling pressures. These data may support the concurrent use of @entity2514 in @entity1 with @entity712 treated with organic @entity3362 .

title: Prevention of tolerance to hemodynamic effects of @entity3362 with concomitant use of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['systemic and pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity2514 :: (MESH:D006830,Chemical) :: ['hydralazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the effect of oral @entity2514 on the development of @entity1507 tolerance in @entity1 with chronic @entity712 . BACKGROUND: Early development of @entity1507 tolerance with either continuous administration of intravenous or topical @entity1507 preparations or frequent dosing of oral @entity3362 leads to significant attenuation of @entity1507 -mediated hemodynamic and anti- @entity63 effects. In recent animal experiments, prevention of @entity1242 -induced hemodynamic tolerance with a concomitant use of @entity2514 was demonstrated. This finding may have important clinical relevance. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity1002 were randomized to receive either a continuous infusion (24 h) of @entity1242 alone (group I, 14 @entity1 ) or concomitantly with oral @entity2514 (75 mg four times a day [group II, 14 @entity1 ]). The effect of @entity1242 in each group was evaluated by analysis of variance for repeated measures. The power of the analysis to detect a 5.4-mm Hg (20%) change in mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure was 90%. RESULTS: Baseline hemodynamic variables as well as the initial hemodynamic response to @entity1242 were comparable in both groups. Compared with the initial response to @entity1242 , a significant attenuation of effect was found in group I at 24 h in mean (+/- SE) pulmonary artery pressure (27 +/- 4% vs. 10 +/- 3%, p < 0.05) and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (40 +/- 4% vs. 16 +/- 4%, p < 0.05). In group II, conversely, oral @entity2514 prevented @entity1242 -induced hemodynamic tolerance and resulted in a persistent effect on mean pulmonary artery and wedge pressures throughout the study period (31 +/- 3% vs. 27 +/- 4%, p = 0.13 and 37 +/- 4% vs. 34 +/- 6%, p = 0.40, respectively). In addition, the initial effect on blood pressure was attenuated at 24 h in group I (5 +/- 2% vs. 12 +/- 3%, p < 0.05) but not in group II (15 +/- 3% vs. 17 +/- 2%, p = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity1002 , the concomitant use of oral @entity2514 prevents early development of @entity1507 tolerance and results in a persistent @entity1507 -mediated hemodynamic effect on @entity358 and left ventricular filling pressures. These data may support the concurrent use of @entity2514 in @entity1 with @entity712 treated with organic @entity3362 .

title: Prevention of tolerance to hemodynamic effects of @entity3362 with concomitant use of @entity2514 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the effect of oral @entity2514 on the development of @entity1507 tolerance in @entity1 with chronic @entity712 . BACKGROUND: Early development of @entity1507 tolerance with either continuous administration of intravenous or topical @entity1507 preparations or frequent dosing of oral @entity3362 leads to significant attenuation of @entity1507 -mediated hemodynamic and anti- @entity63 effects. In recent animal experiments, prevention of @entity1242 -induced hemodynamic tolerance with a concomitant use of @entity2514 was demonstrated. This finding may have important clinical relevance. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity1002 were randomized to receive either a continuous infusion (24 h) of @entity1242 alone (group I, 14 @entity1 ) or concomitantly with oral @entity2514 (75 mg four times a day [group II, 14 @entity1 ]). The effect of @entity1242 in each group was evaluated by analysis of variance for repeated measures. The power of the analysis to detect a 5.4-mm Hg (20%) change in mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure was 90%. RESULTS: Baseline hemodynamic variables as well as the initial hemodynamic response to @entity1242 were comparable in both groups. Compared with the initial response to @entity1242 , a significant attenuation of effect was found in group I at 24 h in mean (+/- SE) pulmonary artery pressure (27 +/- 4% vs. 10 +/- 3%, p < 0.05) and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (40 +/- 4% vs. 16 +/- 4%, p < 0.05). In group II, conversely, oral @entity2514 prevented @entity1242 -induced hemodynamic tolerance and resulted in a persistent effect on mean pulmonary artery and wedge pressures throughout the study period (31 +/- 3% vs. 27 +/- 4%, p = 0.13 and 37 +/- 4% vs. 34 +/- 6%, p = 0.40, respectively). In addition, the initial effect on blood pressure was attenuated at 24 h in group I (5 +/- 2% vs. 12 +/- 3%, p < 0.05) but not in group II (15 +/- 3% vs. 17 +/- 2%, p = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity1002 , the concomitant use of oral @entity2514 prevents early development of @entity1507 tolerance and results in a persistent @entity1507 -mediated hemodynamic effect on @entity358 and left ventricular filling pressures. These data may support the concurrent use of @entity2514 in @entity1 with @entity712 treated with organic @entity3362 .

title: Prevention of tolerance to hemodynamic effects of XXXX with concomitant use of @entity2514 in @entity1 with @entity712 .

answer: @entity3362 :: (MESH:D009566,Chemical) :: ['nitrates']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the effect of oral @entity2514 on the development of @entity1507 tolerance in @entity1 with chronic @entity712 . BACKGROUND: Early development of @entity1507 tolerance with either continuous administration of intravenous or topical @entity1507 preparations or frequent dosing of oral @entity3362 leads to significant attenuation of @entity1507 -mediated hemodynamic and anti- @entity63 effects. In recent animal experiments, prevention of @entity1242 -induced hemodynamic tolerance with a concomitant use of @entity2514 was demonstrated. This finding may have important clinical relevance. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity1002 were randomized to receive either a continuous infusion (24 h) of @entity1242 alone (group I, 14 @entity1 ) or concomitantly with oral @entity2514 (75 mg four times a day [group II, 14 @entity1 ]). The effect of @entity1242 in each group was evaluated by analysis of variance for repeated measures. The power of the analysis to detect a 5.4-mm Hg (20%) change in mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure was 90%. RESULTS: Baseline hemodynamic variables as well as the initial hemodynamic response to @entity1242 were comparable in both groups. Compared with the initial response to @entity1242 , a significant attenuation of effect was found in group I at 24 h in mean (+/- SE) pulmonary artery pressure (27 +/- 4% vs. 10 +/- 3%, p < 0.05) and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (40 +/- 4% vs. 16 +/- 4%, p < 0.05). In group II, conversely, oral @entity2514 prevented @entity1242 -induced hemodynamic tolerance and resulted in a persistent effect on mean pulmonary artery and wedge pressures throughout the study period (31 +/- 3% vs. 27 +/- 4%, p = 0.13 and 37 +/- 4% vs. 34 +/- 6%, p = 0.40, respectively). In addition, the initial effect on blood pressure was attenuated at 24 h in group I (5 +/- 2% vs. 12 +/- 3%, p < 0.05) but not in group II (15 +/- 3% vs. 17 +/- 2%, p = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity1002 , the concomitant use of oral @entity2514 prevents early development of @entity1507 tolerance and results in a persistent @entity1507 -mediated hemodynamic effect on @entity358 and left ventricular filling pressures. These data may support the concurrent use of @entity2514 in @entity1 with @entity712 treated with organic @entity3362 .

title: Prevention of tolerance to hemodynamic effects of @entity3362 with concomitant use of @entity2514 in XXXX with @entity712 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Serial cranial computed tomographic (CT) scanning and intracranial pressure monitoring were performed on 198 @entity1 with stage II and III @entity1906 . The aims of the study were to document the course of tuberculous @entity1276 during medical and surgical treatment, as well as the prognostic significance of parenchymal changes in the brain as demonstrated by CT. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure was monitored continuously for a 1-hour period in all @entity1 on admission and at weekly intervals in @entity1 with communicating @entity1276 for the 1st month of treatment. Cranial CT scanning was done on admission and repeated in survivors after 1 month and again after 6 months of antituberculous therapy. The raised intracranial pressure of 112 @entity1 with communicating @entity1276 , as demonstrated by air-encephalography, was treated medically (with daily @entity3791 and @entity1483 ) for 1 month. Thirty-one @entity1 with noncommunicating @entity1276 were referred for immediate ventriculoperitoneal shunting. No significant difference was found in the eventual ventricular size or clinical outcome between the two treatment groups. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure changes in the @entity1 with communicating @entity1276 closely followed changes in the degree of @entity1276 during the course of treatment. The main cause of permanent @entity16 was @entity1188 , which occurred unilaterally in 21% and bilaterally in 10% of @entity1 on admission and developed in a further 22% of @entity1 during treatment. A prominent subarachnoid space, which was seen on the CT scan of 36% of @entity1 after the 1st month of treatment and which reverted to normal, probably relates to the poor nutritional state of these @entity1 on admission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Serial CT scanning in childhood XXXX : prognostic features in 198 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disability']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia infarction']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['tuberculous meningitis']


abstract: The specificity and sensitivity of the assay for beta-glucuronidase in cerebrospinal fluid were evaluated to determine the usefulness of this test for the detection of @entity3554 . The enzyme activity was first measured in cerebrospinal fluid from 131 @entity1 with @entity74 and was then prospectively measured in cerebrospinal fluid from 30 @entity1 with cytologic results that were positive for or suggestive of @entity5 . Within the first group, elevated levels of beta-glucuronidase were found only among @entity1 with @entity5 in the central nervous system, including @entity3554 . Among 26 @entity1 with @entity5 in the central nervous system, including @entity3554 . Among 26 @entity1 with positive cytologic results, 13 had elevated beta-glucuronidase activities. Elevated values were more frequent among @entity1 with @entity420 (75%) and @entity2800 (60%). The @entity1 with these two disorders also had the highest enzyme activities. The correlation of th beta-glucuronidase level with other cerebrospinal fluid values, including total protein, @entity413 content, and cell count, was not significant. The findings of this study indicate that measurement of beta-glucuronidase in cerebrospinal fluid can be used as an adjunctive diagnostic test for @entity3554 . The results should be interpreted with caution, however, because of the possibility that the elevated enzyme levels may be due to acute or subacute @entity4008 .

title: Assay for beta-glucuronidase in cerebrospinal fluid: usefulness for the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial or fungal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'neoplastic processes']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['various disorders']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic meningitis']

answer: @entity3554 :: (MESH:D008577,Disease) :: ['neoplastic meningitis']


abstract: A randomized, single-blind study was designed to assess the effect of @entity10042 alone and @entity10042 plus @entity115 on the healing and eradication rates in @entity1534 -associated @entity10189 . Seventy-nine @entity1 with @entity2275 and 54 @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Group 1 received @entity10042 30 mg daily for 8 weeks for @entity2275 or 6 weeks for duodenal @entity1066 . Group 2 received the group 1 regimen plus @entity115 2 g daily for 2 weeks. Healing rates at 8 weeks for the @entity2275 @entity1 were 92 and 84% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = not significant). Healing rates at 6 weeks for duodenal @entity1066 were 96% in group 1 and 100% in group 2 (p = not significant). The eradication rates of @entity1534 for @entity2275 @entity1 were 21 and 54% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.05). The @entity1534 eradication rates for duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 were 5 and 73% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.001). The @entity1534 eradication rates in group 2 were significantly higher than in group 1. @entity10042 was effective for eradicating @entity1534 in this study.

title: Clinical efficacy of @entity10042 in eradication of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole', 'Lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: A randomized, single-blind study was designed to assess the effect of @entity10042 alone and @entity10042 plus @entity115 on the healing and eradication rates in @entity1534 -associated @entity10189 . Seventy-nine @entity1 with @entity2275 and 54 @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Group 1 received @entity10042 30 mg daily for 8 weeks for @entity2275 or 6 weeks for duodenal @entity1066 . Group 2 received the group 1 regimen plus @entity115 2 g daily for 2 weeks. Healing rates at 8 weeks for the @entity2275 @entity1 were 92 and 84% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = not significant). Healing rates at 6 weeks for duodenal @entity1066 were 96% in group 1 and 100% in group 2 (p = not significant). The eradication rates of @entity1534 for @entity2275 @entity1 were 21 and 54% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.05). The @entity1534 eradication rates for duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 were 5 and 73% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.001). The @entity1534 eradication rates in group 2 were significantly higher than in group 1. @entity10042 was effective for eradicating @entity1534 in this study.

title: Clinical efficacy of XXXX in eradication of @entity1534 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity10042 :: (MESH:C058687,Chemical) :: ['lansoprazole']


abstract: This report examines the relationship of dietary fat and dietary @entity165 to mortality during a 10-year surveillance of a cohort of @entity1 of Japanese descent residing in Hawaii. The consumption of dietary fat (measured in grams) is related inversely and significantly to total mortality. No significant relationships exist between grams of dietary fat and any of the specific causes of @entity204 examined. No significant relationships are found between dietary @entity1718 ( @entity10194 , measured in grams) or dietary @entity165 (measured in milligrams) and any of the specific causes of @entity204 examined. In contrast, percentage of calories as fat is related inversely not only to total mortality, but to @entity5 mortality and to @entity64 mortality; and it is related directly to @entity301 ( @entity301 ) mortality. Percentage of calories as SFA is related inversely to @entity5 mortality and to @entity64 mortality, and it is related directly to @entity301 mortality. Only the relationship to @entity64 mortality remains significant in multivariate analysis if calories from @entity167 are excluded from the computation. Dietary @entity165 per 1000 calories is related directly to @entity301 mortality. While these data provide support for the diet-heart hypothesis, they also suggest that @entity1 with low fat intakes have a higher total mortality rate than @entity1 with higher fat intakes. This increased risk, due to an excess risk of @entity204 from @entity64 and @entity5 , indicates that there is no overall beneficial effect from a low fat diet in this cohort.

title: The relationship of dietary fat and XXXX to mortality in 10 years: the Honolulu Heart Program.

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: The clinico-pathological features of four examples of a distinctive benign uterine @entity5 are presented which has previously been titled atypical @entity2257 . The @entity1 were all nulliparous and premenopausal. All presented with @entity1866 . No @entity5 has recurred after hysterectomy (follow-up between 10 years and 10 months). All @entity5 arose from the corpus, three were localised lower segment @entity1127 , one a diffuse polypoid involvement of the endometrium. Histologically all of the @entity5 showed very similar appearances with closely packed, regular, tubular glands lined by low columnar epithelium, resembling most closely basal endometrial glands and surrounded by benign connective tissue which by simple tinctorial methods appeared to be largely smooth muscle. No heterologous components were seen. In two cases squamous metaplasia was extensive, in one microcalcification was present. The histological appearances favour a type of benign mixed @entity5 but the appearances are not typical of Mullerian @entity26270 . Immunocytochemistry performed on 3 cases confirmed that the stroma was in large part smooth muscle, though much of the stroma stained only weakly with monoclonal antidesmin antibody.

title: XXXX --clinical histological and immunocytochemical findings.

entities_list: @entity2257 :: ('MESH:D018194', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Mullerian tumour', 'tumours', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity26270 :: ('MESH:D000232', 'Disease') :: ['adenofibroma']

answer: @entity2257 :: (MESH:D018194,Disease) :: ['Atypical polypoid adenomyoma']


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity339 was admitted to our hospital for surgical treatment. Cerebral @entity1031 and @entity2208 had been repeated in her past history. She was suffered from @entity177 associated with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). An operative procedure was recommended because of the progressive @entity712 due to @entity339 . For @entity177 , continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was introduced at one month before operation. As the operative procedure, valve replacement using Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthesis (27 mm) was done rather than valve reconstruction, because @entity397 of posterior leaflet and severe @entity1184 of both leaflets were recognized. During operation, uncontrollable @entity548 was not observed. However, platelet transfusion was needed. We use @entity1229 and antiplatelet agents jointly as postoperative anticoagulant therapy. @entity1031 episodes have not been observed 4 years postoperatively. Relationship between @entity1252 with @entity1701 and @entity299 has been focused. The present case was considered to be the interesting case which various devices were necessary to operative management including @entity177 , cardiopulmonary bypass, selection of prosthetic heart valve, and postoperative anticoagulant therapy for preventing @entity715 formation.

title: [Successful surgical treatment of @entity339 associated with @entity1701 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['anti-phospholipid syndrome', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['chordal rupture']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'Thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valvular lesions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity339 was admitted to our hospital for surgical treatment. Cerebral @entity1031 and @entity2208 had been repeated in her past history. She was suffered from @entity177 associated with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). An operative procedure was recommended because of the progressive @entity712 due to @entity339 . For @entity177 , continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was introduced at one month before operation. As the operative procedure, valve replacement using Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthesis (27 mm) was done rather than valve reconstruction, because @entity397 of posterior leaflet and severe @entity1184 of both leaflets were recognized. During operation, uncontrollable @entity548 was not observed. However, platelet transfusion was needed. We use @entity1229 and antiplatelet agents jointly as postoperative anticoagulant therapy. @entity1031 episodes have not been observed 4 years postoperatively. Relationship between @entity1252 with @entity1701 and @entity299 has been focused. The present case was considered to be the interesting case which various devices were necessary to operative management including @entity177 , cardiopulmonary bypass, selection of prosthetic heart valve, and postoperative anticoagulant therapy for preventing @entity715 formation.

title: [Successful surgical treatment of @entity339 associated with XXXX and @entity1252 ].

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['anti-phospholipid syndrome']


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity339 was admitted to our hospital for surgical treatment. Cerebral @entity1031 and @entity2208 had been repeated in her past history. She was suffered from @entity177 associated with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). An operative procedure was recommended because of the progressive @entity712 due to @entity339 . For @entity177 , continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was introduced at one month before operation. As the operative procedure, valve replacement using Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthesis (27 mm) was done rather than valve reconstruction, because @entity397 of posterior leaflet and severe @entity1184 of both leaflets were recognized. During operation, uncontrollable @entity548 was not observed. However, platelet transfusion was needed. We use @entity1229 and antiplatelet agents jointly as postoperative anticoagulant therapy. @entity1031 episodes have not been observed 4 years postoperatively. Relationship between @entity1252 with @entity1701 and @entity299 has been focused. The present case was considered to be the interesting case which various devices were necessary to operative management including @entity177 , cardiopulmonary bypass, selection of prosthetic heart valve, and postoperative anticoagulant therapy for preventing @entity715 formation.

title: [Successful surgical treatment of XXXX associated with @entity1701 and @entity1252 ].

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: A 64-year-old @entity1 experienced high grade fever, @entity662 , and hemosputum. She was admitted to a hospital for evaluation of the infiltrate on an chest X-ray. She was diagnosed as having @entity2 by sputum cytology and transferred to our hospital for operation. The @entity5 was obscure on palpation during thoractomy, but @entity5 could not be ruled out based on analysis of frozen sections. Therefore, a right lower lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection were performed. @entity8995 was not suspected until thrombi were observed in the dissected pulmonary artery. Urokinase and heparin were intravenously administered soon after the operation, but the @entity1 died of @entity1151 of the sixth postoperative day. Examination of the operative specimen revealed @entity1151 with @entity1188 and no evidence of @entity5 . Atypical cells observed in sputum cytology seemed to be derived from @entity1491 in the area of @entity1188 . @entity2543 was observed in the periphery of the @entity1188 . These findings seemed to make accurate analysis of frozen sections difficult. An increasing number of cases of @entity1151 is being reported in Japan. Therefore, @entity8995 with false positive cytology may be encountered more frequently in the future.

title: [ @entity8995 hardly differentiated from XXXX --a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infarct', 'Pulmonary infarct']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['Type II alveolar epithelial cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell hyperplasia']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: A 64-year-old @entity1 experienced high grade fever, @entity662 , and hemosputum. She was admitted to a hospital for evaluation of the infiltrate on an chest X-ray. She was diagnosed as having @entity2 by sputum cytology and transferred to our hospital for operation. The @entity5 was obscure on palpation during thoractomy, but @entity5 could not be ruled out based on analysis of frozen sections. Therefore, a right lower lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection were performed. @entity8995 was not suspected until thrombi were observed in the dissected pulmonary artery. Urokinase and heparin were intravenously administered soon after the operation, but the @entity1 died of @entity1151 of the sixth postoperative day. Examination of the operative specimen revealed @entity1151 with @entity1188 and no evidence of @entity5 . Atypical cells observed in sputum cytology seemed to be derived from @entity1491 in the area of @entity1188 . @entity2543 was observed in the periphery of the @entity1188 . These findings seemed to make accurate analysis of frozen sections difficult. An increasing number of cases of @entity1151 is being reported in Japan. Therefore, @entity8995 with false positive cytology may be encountered more frequently in the future.

title: [ XXXX hardly differentiated from @entity2 --a case report].

answer: @entity8995 :: (MESH:D054060,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary infarct']


abstract: Inflow characteristics of left and right ventricular filling were assessed in 40 @entity1 with @entity583 and in 10 normal subjects by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. @entity1 with @entity583 were subdivided into four groups, focusing on the involvement of right ventricular and septal branches of the coronary arteries. Group I consisted of 11 @entity1 with anterior @entity1188 who showed an obstructive lesion of the proximal left anterior descending branch involving the first septal perforator with a patent right coronary artery. Group II consisted of 10 @entity1 with inferior @entity1188 who showed an obstructive lesion of the proximal right coronary artery involving the right ventricular branch. Group III consisted of 12 @entity1 with both anterior and inferior @entity1188 who showed obstructive lesions of both the proximal left anterior descending branch and the right coronary artery involving the right ventricular branch. Group IV consisted of seven @entity1 with @entity1188 who showed an obstructive lesion of the diagonal branch or branches of the circumflex coronary artery with a patent left anterior descending branch and right coronary artery. Three measurements were performed from the transmitral and transtricuspidal inflow velocity patterns to assess the left and right ventricular diastolic behaviors. These measurements were: acceleration half-time, deceleration half-time of early diastolic rapid inflow, and the ratio of the peak velocity of early diastolic rapid inflow to that of the late diastolic inflow due to the atrial contraction. Impaired diastolic filling of the left ventricle compensated by enhanced left atrial contraction was observed in @entity1 with @entity583 from groups I, II, III and IV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Noninvasive assessment of left and right ventricular filling in XXXX with a two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lateral infarction', 'infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Genetic polymorphisms of seven @entity1 lymphocyte proteins, analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, were evaluated in respect to their suitability for paternity testing. Current data of an enlarged family and population study for five proteins ( @entity10326 , @entity9510 , @entity4666 , @entity27761 , @entity19490 ), already described for a smaller population sample of Southern Germany, are presented together with evidence for a new polymorphic protein ( @entity3903 ), recently observed in our survey. These six proteins occurred in isoelectric focusing as two different variants, acidic (a) and basic (b). The genetic basis of the protein variations was ascertained (i) by the presence of homozygous and heterozygous phenotypes, (ii) by the Mendelian mode of transmission of the variants as allelic gene products within 17 families and (iii) by the demonstration of a gene-dosage dependence comparing the spot intensities in homozygous and heterozygous phenotypes. For quantitative data, laser densitometric scanning of the protein spots followed by computer-assisted quantitative evaluation of the spot intensities was performed. The allele frequencies of the polymorphic protein were calculated from the phenotype distributions within a sample of 56 unrelated individuals from Southern Germany. Gene frequencies of the common alleles ranged between 0.991 and 0.518. To discuss the suitability of the two-dimensional polymorphisms for paternity testing the theoretical exclusion probabilities were assessed for seven polymorphic proteins observed in our population sample, the six polymorphisms with two alleles described here and a further polymorphism ( @entity2251 ) with six alleles. For five proteins ( @entity10326 , @entity4666 , @entity3903 , @entity19490 and @entity2251 ) we found sufficiently high values for the theoretical exclusion probabilities, ranging from 10% to 34%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Two-dimensional electrophoresis of XXXX lymphocyte proteins: two-dimensional polymorphisms and paternity testing.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The merozoite is the invasive stage of the @entity311 parasite which is released by rupture of the schizont-infected erythrocyte. A monoclonal antibody against a 140 kilodalton (kDa) merozoite surface antigen of @entity31365 was used to characterize and to purify this antigen. It was shown by pulse-chase metabolic labeling of mature schizonts that the 140 kDa merozoite antigen was the processed product of a 143 kDa schizont component, and that processing occurred at the time of erythrocyte rupture. Antiserum, prepared by immunizing a @entity95 with the 143/140 kDa antigen purified by immunoaffinity chromatography with the monoclonal antibody, strongly inhibited invasion of erythrocytes in vitro; Fab fragments prepared from purified rabbit IgG were inactive at blocking invasion, suggesting that agglutination of merozoites was the mechanism of invasion inhibition. The purified 143/140 kDa antigen was used in Freund's adjuvant to immunize four @entity2608 . Two of the immunized animals developed fulminating @entity281 on challenge with 10(4) schizonts, as did the three control animals. The remaining two immunized animals controlled their @entity281 and developed chronic low-grade @entity5895 . The animals which were partially protected were those that had developed anti-143/140 kDa antibodies capable of blocking invasion in vitro. Parasites were isolated from the chronic stage of infection (V5 population) and were compared with the original parasite population used for challenge (P population). Inhibition of invasion, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation with anti-143/140 kDa monoclonal antibody, with immune @entity95 , and with monkey sera showed that the 143/140 kDa surface antigen had been replaced by multiple cross-reacting alternate antigenic forms of the molecule in the V population. Thus, specific immune response directed against a purified merozoite surface antigen resulted in the replacement of this antigen by variant or mutant forms.

title: Immunization of monkeys with a 140 kilodalton merozoite surface protein of XXXX @entity311 : appearance of alternate forms of this protein.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemias']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity31365 :: ('5850', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium knowlesi']

answer: @entity31365 :: (5850,Species) :: ['Plasmodium knowlesi']


abstract: The merozoite is the invasive stage of the @entity311 parasite which is released by rupture of the schizont-infected erythrocyte. A monoclonal antibody against a 140 kilodalton (kDa) merozoite surface antigen of @entity31365 was used to characterize and to purify this antigen. It was shown by pulse-chase metabolic labeling of mature schizonts that the 140 kDa merozoite antigen was the processed product of a 143 kDa schizont component, and that processing occurred at the time of erythrocyte rupture. Antiserum, prepared by immunizing a @entity95 with the 143/140 kDa antigen purified by immunoaffinity chromatography with the monoclonal antibody, strongly inhibited invasion of erythrocytes in vitro; Fab fragments prepared from purified rabbit IgG were inactive at blocking invasion, suggesting that agglutination of merozoites was the mechanism of invasion inhibition. The purified 143/140 kDa antigen was used in Freund's adjuvant to immunize four @entity2608 . Two of the immunized animals developed fulminating @entity281 on challenge with 10(4) schizonts, as did the three control animals. The remaining two immunized animals controlled their @entity281 and developed chronic low-grade @entity5895 . The animals which were partially protected were those that had developed anti-143/140 kDa antibodies capable of blocking invasion in vitro. Parasites were isolated from the chronic stage of infection (V5 population) and were compared with the original parasite population used for challenge (P population). Inhibition of invasion, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation with anti-143/140 kDa monoclonal antibody, with immune @entity95 , and with monkey sera showed that the 143/140 kDa surface antigen had been replaced by multiple cross-reacting alternate antigenic forms of the molecule in the V population. Thus, specific immune response directed against a purified merozoite surface antigen resulted in the replacement of this antigen by variant or mutant forms.

title: Immunization of monkeys with a 140 kilodalton merozoite surface protein of @entity31365 XXXX : appearance of alternate forms of this protein.

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: Plasma level of @entity1425 has been reported to be elevated in borderline @entity101 . However, its role in developing and maintaining @entity101 is still not completely understood. This study aimed to estimate the role of plasma @entity1425 in developing @entity101 . Ten @entity1 with borderline @entity101 (BHT) and 10 age-matched normotensive subjects were included. We infused at least three graded doses of @entity2647 , an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, into the antecubital vein of subjects lying quietly in a supine position. Mean blood pressure was measured continuously through the right radial artery. Cardiac output was measured by the thermodilution method before and after the administration of each dose of @entity2647 infusion. We obtained dose-response curves for mean blood pressure and total peripheral resistance to @entity2647 . Baroreflex sensitivity was calculated by plotting the longest R-R intervals against the elevated peak mean blood pressure after the infusion of each dose of @entity2647 . Plasma @entity1063 and @entity1425 concentrations at rest were measured by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with @entity34865 fluorimetric detection. The plasma @entity1425 level at rest was higher in @entity1 with BHT than in normotensive subjects. With graded infusion of @entity2647 , both the pressor responses and the changes in total peripheral resistance were greater in @entity1 with BHT than in normotensive subjects. The plasma @entity1425 level was positively correlated with the slope of dose response curves for the increments of mean blood pressure to @entity2647 (r = 0.60, p < 0.01). Baroreflex sensitivity was reduced in @entity1 with BHT as compared with normotensive subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasma XXXX modulates alpha 1-adrenoceptor mediated pressor responses and the baroreflex control in @entity1 with borderline @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity34865 :: ('MESH:C010362', 'Chemical') :: ['trihydroxyindole']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['adrenaline']


abstract: Plasma level of @entity1425 has been reported to be elevated in borderline @entity101 . However, its role in developing and maintaining @entity101 is still not completely understood. This study aimed to estimate the role of plasma @entity1425 in developing @entity101 . Ten @entity1 with borderline @entity101 (BHT) and 10 age-matched normotensive subjects were included. We infused at least three graded doses of @entity2647 , an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, into the antecubital vein of subjects lying quietly in a supine position. Mean blood pressure was measured continuously through the right radial artery. Cardiac output was measured by the thermodilution method before and after the administration of each dose of @entity2647 infusion. We obtained dose-response curves for mean blood pressure and total peripheral resistance to @entity2647 . Baroreflex sensitivity was calculated by plotting the longest R-R intervals against the elevated peak mean blood pressure after the infusion of each dose of @entity2647 . Plasma @entity1063 and @entity1425 concentrations at rest were measured by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with @entity34865 fluorimetric detection. The plasma @entity1425 level at rest was higher in @entity1 with BHT than in normotensive subjects. With graded infusion of @entity2647 , both the pressor responses and the changes in total peripheral resistance were greater in @entity1 with BHT than in normotensive subjects. The plasma @entity1425 level was positively correlated with the slope of dose response curves for the increments of mean blood pressure to @entity2647 (r = 0.60, p < 0.01). Baroreflex sensitivity was reduced in @entity1 with BHT as compared with normotensive subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasma @entity1425 modulates alpha 1-adrenoceptor mediated pressor responses and the baroreflex control in @entity1 with borderline XXXX .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']