abstract: From March 1972 to November 1979 a total of 157 @entity1 with stage I to III primary @entity0 have been irradiated after segmental resection (12 cases), tilectomy (89 cases) or biopsy (56 cases). Complete local control was achieved in all Stage I lesions, in 97% of @entity34 and in 68% of @entity5 . Non recurrence has been observed in @entity1 previously operated by segmental resections, while local failures occurred in 6/89 and in 16/56 @entity1 operated by tilectomy or biopsy, respectively. Of the 28 Stage I @entity1 , 24 (86%) are alive, one with distant metastases. Four @entity1 of this group are dead, 2 of intercurrent disease and 2 of @entity0 . Of the 61 (Stage II) @entity1 , 38 (62%) are alive, 5 of these with distant metastases. Twenty-three @entity1 are dead, 15 with active disease, and 8 suffered intercurrent @entity204 . Of the 68 Stage III @entity1 , 21 (31%) are alive, 6 of these with distant metastases. Fourty-seven @entity1 are dead, 43 of @entity0 and 4 of intercurrent disease. The high probability of initial subclinical deposits is evidenced by the fact that 49 of the 68 @entity1 in this group developed distant metastases. The @entity1 with T1 lesions appear to comprise the most favourable group with a relapse free survival at five years of 76%. The 5 years relapse free survival was 62% for T2 lesions and 25% for T3 and T4 lesions. N0 status does not confer the same favourable prognosis as T1 status. N+ status, however, resulted in a definitely negative prognostic factor. Cosmetic results after our treatment approach appear to be extremely good. A marked difference between the irradiated and controlateral breast occurred only in 10 of the 125 @entity1 after a minimum of 2 years observation.

title: [Elective radiotherapy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III lesions']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: In @entity751 a repeated crisis of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation to 25-45 mmHg continues for 3-10 days. During the relapses @entity16 often occurs. The IOP and its variation during the crisis are similar to those in @entity726 simplex. Therefore, the syndrome can be considered as a natural model for investigations into @entity726 simplex. By analyzing five cases of @entity751 in which the @entity75 ranged from the earliest to advanced stages, the development and progression of @entity16 of the optic nerve at varying chronically elevated IOP levels became evident. The earliest evident fundus change is a @entity129 ( @entity129 ) in the Bjerrum tangent, and not the enlargement of the physiologic excavation. The latter does not develop before stage IV. The slit-like @entity129 shows a decrease in sensitivity of 0.2-0.4 log ND unit, which is thus easily overlooked. As the disease progresses the @entity129 becomes more pronounced, its width increases and it becomes wedge-shaped. Due to a considerable loss of nerve fibers at the wedge-shaped defect, a small notch which develops in the direction of @entity129 is not observed until stage IV. Goldmann perimetry demonstrated a certain abnormality at stages IV-V; in addition to the wedge-shaped @entity129 , diffuse thinning of the @entity129 begins around the optic disk and develops into a large, concentric excavation. For identification of the most delicate NFLDs, stereo fundus photography in color with 8-fold magnification, on 6 x 6 film is recommended.

title: [Early fundus changes caused by repeated small crises in the @entity751 : a model for XXXX simplex].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['NFLD', 'nerve fiber layer defect']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Posner-Schlossman syndrome']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: In @entity751 a repeated crisis of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation to 25-45 mmHg continues for 3-10 days. During the relapses @entity16 often occurs. The IOP and its variation during the crisis are similar to those in @entity726 simplex. Therefore, the syndrome can be considered as a natural model for investigations into @entity726 simplex. By analyzing five cases of @entity751 in which the @entity75 ranged from the earliest to advanced stages, the development and progression of @entity16 of the optic nerve at varying chronically elevated IOP levels became evident. The earliest evident fundus change is a @entity129 ( @entity129 ) in the Bjerrum tangent, and not the enlargement of the physiologic excavation. The latter does not develop before stage IV. The slit-like @entity129 shows a decrease in sensitivity of 0.2-0.4 log ND unit, which is thus easily overlooked. As the disease progresses the @entity129 becomes more pronounced, its width increases and it becomes wedge-shaped. Due to a considerable loss of nerve fibers at the wedge-shaped defect, a small notch which develops in the direction of @entity129 is not observed until stage IV. Goldmann perimetry demonstrated a certain abnormality at stages IV-V; in addition to the wedge-shaped @entity129 , diffuse thinning of the @entity129 begins around the optic disk and develops into a large, concentric excavation. For identification of the most delicate NFLDs, stereo fundus photography in color with 8-fold magnification, on 6 x 6 film is recommended.

title: [Early fundus changes caused by repeated small crises in the XXXX : a model for @entity726 simplex].

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['Posner-Schlossman syndrome']


abstract: Controversial data have been reported on gastric acid secretion in @entity1 with @entity1689 . Moreover, studies on gastroduodenal morphological changes in @entity1 with this disease and with other @entity167 -related conditions have given different results. Basal and penta- @entity8243 -stimulated gastric secretion, histological changes of @entity356 , and basal and meal-stimulated @entity8243 were measured in 21 @entity1 with chronic @entity8883 and in the following pair-matched groups: 21 chronic alcoholics and 21 control subjects ( @entity2210 ), and in 19 @entity1 with proven @entity1575 of alcoholic origin. No @entity1 suffered from peptic @entity1066 . Moreover, gastric secretion was also measured in 51 @entity1 with proven duodenal @entity1066 and in 34 healthy subjects. Basal acid output in @entity1 with @entity1689 was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in the other groups, except for the @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 . Peak acid output values in @entity1 with @entity1689 were similar to those measured in @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 , and they were higher than in the healthy subject group and in @entity1 with @entity1575 , but statistical significance was not attained for @entity1 with @entity2210 . An increased frequency of @entity9317 was found in @entity1 with @entity1689 , whereas an increased frequency of @entity356 in the duodenal bulb was observed in all the @entity1 with @entity167 -related conditions considered. No relevant differences among the considered groups were found relating to gastric histological changes. Basal and meal-stimulated @entity8243 were similar in all the studied groups. This study suggests that in @entity1 with @entity1689 there is increased gastric secretion and probably an increased capacity for secretion of acid. Moreover, in @entity1 with @entity1689 , @entity9317 seems to be frequent, but it probably is not directly related to chronic @entity167 consumption.

title: Gastric secretion, gastroduodenal histological changes, and serum @entity8243 in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['nonulcer dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and duodenal mucosa', 'gastric metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenitis']

answer: @entity8883 :: (MESH:D019512,Disease) :: ['alcoholic pancreatitis']


abstract: Controversial data have been reported on gastric acid secretion in @entity1 with @entity1689 . Moreover, studies on gastroduodenal morphological changes in @entity1 with this disease and with other @entity167 -related conditions have given different results. Basal and penta- @entity8243 -stimulated gastric secretion, histological changes of @entity356 , and basal and meal-stimulated @entity8243 were measured in 21 @entity1 with chronic @entity8883 and in the following pair-matched groups: 21 chronic alcoholics and 21 control subjects ( @entity2210 ), and in 19 @entity1 with proven @entity1575 of alcoholic origin. No @entity1 suffered from peptic @entity1066 . Moreover, gastric secretion was also measured in 51 @entity1 with proven duodenal @entity1066 and in 34 healthy subjects. Basal acid output in @entity1 with @entity1689 was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in the other groups, except for the @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 . Peak acid output values in @entity1 with @entity1689 were similar to those measured in @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 , and they were higher than in the healthy subject group and in @entity1 with @entity1575 , but statistical significance was not attained for @entity1 with @entity2210 . An increased frequency of @entity9317 was found in @entity1 with @entity1689 , whereas an increased frequency of @entity356 in the duodenal bulb was observed in all the @entity1 with @entity167 -related conditions considered. No relevant differences among the considered groups were found relating to gastric histological changes. Basal and meal-stimulated @entity8243 were similar in all the studied groups. This study suggests that in @entity1 with @entity1689 there is increased gastric secretion and probably an increased capacity for secretion of acid. Moreover, in @entity1 with @entity1689 , @entity9317 seems to be frequent, but it probably is not directly related to chronic @entity167 consumption.

title: Gastric secretion, gastroduodenal histological changes, and serum XXXX in chronic @entity8883 .

answer: @entity8243 :: (2520,Gene) :: ['gastrin']


abstract: Effects of inhaling three levels of @entity3810 in @entity26 on event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and @entity158 report were examined in 10 volunteers undergoing painful electrical stimulation of tooth pulp. Previous work by the authors demonstrated that inhalation of @entity3810 33 per cent in @entity26 , iv injection of 0.1 mg @entity3575 , oral administration of 975 mg @entity117 , and electrical acupunctural stimulation all reduced ERP amplitudes obtained a vertex during painful tooth pulp stimulation. The authors report here the demonstration of a dose-response relationship between increasing concentrations of @entity3810 in @entity26 and measures of ERP amplitude and @entity158 report. Subjects inhaled room air, @entity3810 25 per cent, 37 per cent, and 50 per cent in @entity26 while ERPs were recorded and @entity158 reports were given. The procedure was repeated on three separate days with each subject experiencing all levels of treatment on each day. Analyses of variance revealed that both ERP amplitude and @entity158 report significantly decreased as dosage increased, and a significant linear trend was observed for the positive-going ERP wave-form deflection between 160 and 240 ms. @entity158 report scores decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) and proportionally as dosage increased, but there was not a significant linear trend. Inhalation of @entity3810 in @entity26 increased peak latency for the negative component at 50 ms and the positive component at 90 ms but not for later components. These outcomes demonstrate that amplitude measures of the vertex ERP obtained with dental dolorimetry correlate consistently with @entity158 and @entity1337 . Simultaneous assessment of brain electrical activity and subjective report appears to be a useful approach for the assessment of @entity1337 in @entity1 .

title: Effect of XXXX concentration on event-related potentials during painful tooth stimulation.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 with clinical evidence of @entity2346 media underwent tympanocentesis. @entity328 was the predominant organism recovered (63%). Three cases of @entity6932 , alone or in combination with @entity2260 , were identified. Other organisms found were Staphylococcus albus, Neiserria species. Group A B-hemolytic @entity328 , and anaerobes. In four @entity1 (13%) no organism was recovered. All isolates were ampicillin susceptible. No relationship was found between WBC, temperature, or age and the organism recovered. Tympanocentesis did not provide any information resulting in an alteration of therapy. Tympanocentesis may be indicated for relief of @entity158 or for periodic surveillance of organism sensitivities, but is not justified in the emergency department for uncomplicated @entity697 . [Friedman A, Fleisher GR, Henretig F, Handler S, Campos JM: @entity2346 media: Update on etiology and management. Ann Emerg Med 11:181-183, April 1982.]

title: XXXX media: update on etiology and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media']

entities_list: @entity2260 :: ('2104', 'Species') :: ['S pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['otitis', 'Otitis']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['Otitis']


abstract: This prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to determine the value of prophylactic @entity6101 in @entity235 bites. Adult @entity1 with uninfected full-thickness wounds presenting within 24 hours of @entity130 were considered. Management consisted of cleansing, irrigation, debridement, and closure as indicated; no topical antibiotics were applied. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity6101 500 mg QID x 5 days or identically appearing placebo. Home wound care was standardized an @entity1 were observed at least every 2 days. Clinical assessment of infection was confirmed microbiologically. Sixty-three @entity1 were admitted and 46 completed the study. @entity6101 (22) and placebo (24) groups were identical in sex, age, number of wounds per @entity1 , wound location and type, number of open and closed wounds, delay to presentation, length of follow-up observation, medication compliance, and adequacy of @entity1 wound care. Two @entity281 of the hand occurred in @entity1 receiving @entity6101 ; no @entity281 were seen among placebo-treated @entity1 (P = NS). Prophylactic @entity6101 was not associated with improved outcome. We do not advise the use of prophylactic antibiotics in @entity235 bite injuries treated within 24 hours of accident.

title: Prophylactic XXXX in @entity235 bite wounds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin', 'Oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity6101 :: (MESH:D010068,Chemical) :: ['oxacillin']


abstract: This prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to determine the value of prophylactic @entity6101 in @entity235 bites. Adult @entity1 with uninfected full-thickness wounds presenting within 24 hours of @entity130 were considered. Management consisted of cleansing, irrigation, debridement, and closure as indicated; no topical antibiotics were applied. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity6101 500 mg QID x 5 days or identically appearing placebo. Home wound care was standardized an @entity1 were observed at least every 2 days. Clinical assessment of infection was confirmed microbiologically. Sixty-three @entity1 were admitted and 46 completed the study. @entity6101 (22) and placebo (24) groups were identical in sex, age, number of wounds per @entity1 , wound location and type, number of open and closed wounds, delay to presentation, length of follow-up observation, medication compliance, and adequacy of @entity1 wound care. Two @entity281 of the hand occurred in @entity1 receiving @entity6101 ; no @entity281 were seen among placebo-treated @entity1 (P = NS). Prophylactic @entity6101 was not associated with improved outcome. We do not advise the use of prophylactic antibiotics in @entity235 bite injuries treated within 24 hours of accident.

title: Prophylactic @entity6101 in XXXX bite wounds.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: @entity455 are infrequent, but may be catastrophic. During a 26-year period, 55 private @entity1 were treated for the following disorders: (1) 12 @entity1 with visceral @entity438 , (2) 8 with celiac compression syndrome, (3) 13 with @entity5327 , (4) 12 with acute @entity5327 , and (5) 10 with @entity5327 associated with aortic reconstructions. @entity438 were managed by excision and splenectomy, while celiac and hepatic had excision with graft replacement. @entity1 with celiac compression syndrome underwent lysis of the celiac artery. Two @entity1 had compression of both celiac and @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ). One @entity1 required vascular reconstruction of both arteries for residual stenoses. @entity1 having @entity5327 were treated with bypass grafts, with one @entity204 (7.7% mortality) and good long-term results. Those with acute @entity5327 were treated by @entity6029 , bowel resection, or both, with a mortality of 67%. When associated with aortic reconstructions, @entity5327 carried a mortality of 100% if bowel @entity1188 occurred after operation, but when prophylactic mesenteric revascularization was performed at the time of aortic surgery, prognosis was greatly improved, with only one @entity204 among six @entity1 . An aggressive approach including prompt arteriography with early diagnosis and surgical therapy is advocated for these catastrophic acute mesenteric problems.

title: XXXX . A 26-year experience.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Mesenteric vascular problems']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['chronic mesenteric ischemia', 'mesenteric ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['SMA embolectomy', 'superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'Splenic artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Mesenteric vascular problems']


abstract: The objective of this study was to develop one instrument for assessing quantitatively the disability of severe @entity542 @entity1 so their rehabilitative progress could be followed from @entity772 through different levels of awareness and functioning to their return to the community. This disability rating (DR) instrument was designed to be easily learned, quickly completed, valid, predictive of outcome and to have a high inter-rater reliability. The DR Scale consists of 8 items divided into 4 categories; 1. Arousal and awareness; 2. Cognitive ability to handle self-care functions; 3. @entity734 upon others; 4. Psychosocial adaptability for work, housework, or school. Completed independently by several raters for more than 88 serious @entity542 @entity1 , inter-rater correlations were highly significant. The admission DR was significantly related to clinical outcome at 1 year after injury and was significantly related to electrophysiologic measures of @entity75 as reflected in degree of abnormality of evoked brain potential patterns. The DR Scale is more sensitive than the Glasgow Outcome Scale in detecting and measuring clinical changes in individuals who have sustained severe @entity542 . Also it can be used to help identify @entity1 most likely to benefit from intensive rehabilitation care within a hospital setting. It provides a shorthand global description of a @entity542 @entity1 's condition that facilitates understanding and communication.

title: Disability rating scale for severe XXXX : @entity772 to community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Physical dependence']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to develop one instrument for assessing quantitatively the disability of severe @entity542 @entity1 so their rehabilitative progress could be followed from @entity772 through different levels of awareness and functioning to their return to the community. This disability rating (DR) instrument was designed to be easily learned, quickly completed, valid, predictive of outcome and to have a high inter-rater reliability. The DR Scale consists of 8 items divided into 4 categories; 1. Arousal and awareness; 2. Cognitive ability to handle self-care functions; 3. @entity734 upon others; 4. Psychosocial adaptability for work, housework, or school. Completed independently by several raters for more than 88 serious @entity542 @entity1 , inter-rater correlations were highly significant. The admission DR was significantly related to clinical outcome at 1 year after injury and was significantly related to electrophysiologic measures of @entity75 as reflected in degree of abnormality of evoked brain potential patterns. The DR Scale is more sensitive than the Glasgow Outcome Scale in detecting and measuring clinical changes in individuals who have sustained severe @entity542 . Also it can be used to help identify @entity1 most likely to benefit from intensive rehabilitation care within a hospital setting. It provides a shorthand global description of a @entity542 @entity1 's condition that facilitates understanding and communication.

title: Disability rating scale for severe @entity542 : XXXX to community.

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['coma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) is a major dose-limiting side effect of several chemotherapeutic agents, often leading to treatment discontinuation. Up to 20% of @entity1 treated with weekly @entity1311 experience severe @entity1897 and no effective treatment has been established so far. The mechanisms of @entity1897 are unclear, but are directly dose-related. We had earlier demonstrated, in @entity35 , the influence of @entity2332 in reducing nerve blood flow. Here, we hypothesize that continuous flow limb @entity2332 during chemotherapy reduces the incidence and severity of @entity1897 , by limiting deliverance of the @entity1897 . In this study, prior to assessing the effect of @entity2332 in preventing @entity1897 in @entity5 subjects undergoing @entity1311 chemotherapy, we assess the safety and tolerable temperatures for limb @entity2332 in healthy @entity1 subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 15 healthy @entity1 subjects, @entity2332 was administered as continuous flow cooling, unilaterally, via a thermoregulator setup covering the digits up to the elbow/knee, along with continuous skin temperature monitoring. Thermoregulator coolant temperatures between 25     C and 20     C were tested for tolerability, based on a carefully designed temperature regulation protocol, and maintained for three hours mimicking the duration of chemotherapy. Tolerability was evaluated using various safety and tolerability scores to monitor the subjects. RESULTS: At the end of the cooling session the healthy subjects presented without significant adverse effects, the main being brief mild skin erythema and transient @entity1183 . Coolant temperatures as low as 22     C were well tolerated continuously over three hours. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the safety and tolerability of continuous flow limb @entity2332 in healthy subjects. Further studies will use 22     C thermoregulator temperature to investigate @entity2332 in preventing @entity1897 in @entity0 @entity1 receiving adjuvant weekly @entity1311 . This pilot study may contribute to alleviating chemotherapy dose limitation due to @entity1897 and increase the likelihood of success of chemotherapy.

title: XXXX for preventing chemotherapy-induced neuropathy - a pilot study on safety and tolerability in healthy controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['CIPN damage', 'Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy', 'CIPN', 'neurotoxic drug to the peripheral nerves']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['Hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis is fundamental in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) to improve their quality of life. AIM: To determine the latency in the diagnosis of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) after the onset of motor symptoms. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective study carried out during 16 months in a public hospital. Two hundred newly diagnosed @entity1 aged 41 to 90 years (50% @entity1 ), were included and analyzed. RESULTS: The lapse between the first symptom -more commonly tremor- and the diagnosis made by a neurologist ranged from 1 to 84 months (19.1    13.8). In 39% of @entity1 , it was done in the first year, in 26% during the second year and in 35% of @entity1 , it took more than two years. The referral by a general practitioner had a delay ranging from 1 to 36 months. Sixty nine and 95% of @entity1 were evaluated within the first 6 months after referral if they came from primary care or the same hospital, respectively. Twenty six percent of @entity1 were classified in stages III to V of Hoehn _ Yahr's staging and the @entity191 Rating Scale motor examination ranged from 5 to 81 points, mean 24 (   12.8). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of @entity191 has a delay in a public hospital that could be influenced by the referral system.

title: [Delay in the diagnosis of XXXX in a Chilean public hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Of the @entity1 undergoing gastric bypass for treatment of morbid @entity28 , 75 per cent are female. A common question both pre-and postoperatively concerns the advisability of a pregnancy following surgically-induced @entity353 . Of all @entity1 , 45 became pregnant on 54 occasions following gastric bypass and 46 @entity1 were delivered. There were two spontaneous @entity5852 (4.0%) and six early terminations of an undesired pregnancy. Seven @entity1 were delivered prematurely. One @entity1 was born @entity20208 and has developed severe @entity1032 in both growth and development. In contrast to reports of @entity1 born to mothers with jejunoileal bypass, 12 of the babies that were born to mothers after gastric bypass were heavier at birth than older siblings. An additional ten @entity1 were the first born to @entity1 who had lost more than 100 pounds following gastric bypass. All but one of the @entity1 became pregnant more than six months following surgery. This corresponds to the period of maximum @entity353 and reversal of @entity1866 associated with massive @entity28 . Pregnancies were well tolerated by the mothers, with no excessive increase in @entity353 or development of @entity2246 . Since the gastric bypass is modeled on the Billroth II gastrectomy, additional @entity68 supplementation was recommended during the pregnancy. While we cannot recommend pregnancy during the period of rapid @entity353 in the initial postoperative period, our data indicate that neither the mother nor the developing fetus is unduly endangered by a pregnancy which develops after the period of rapid postoperative @entity353 .

title: Pregnancy following gastric bypass for the treatment of morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'women', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['retardation']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortions']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity20208 :: ('MESH:C537533', 'Disease') :: ['microcephalic']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic deficiencies']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The incidence, clinical findings, location, etiology, clinical diagnosis, and surgical treatment of @entity511 of the larynx are discussed. Important features in the diagnosis and treatment of a @entity5 of the larynx are demonstrated in a case report. The @entity1 's chief complaint was @entity1353 occurring with increasing frequency over a period of 12 months. Her @entity1353 progressed in severity until an emergency tracheotomy was required for airway control. CT scan documented the attachment of the @entity5 to the right posterior lateral wall of the cricoid cartilage. Direct laryngoscopy and biopsy were done to obtain tissue for diagnosis. The histopathological examination revealed @entity258 . The @entity5 was removed totally with a wide-margin mucous membrane incision and careful curettement. A definite difference in the consistency of the @entity5 compared to normal cartilage allowed complete excision of the @entity5 with minimal sacrifice of healthy cricoid cartilage. This presentation emphasizes the conservative surgical removal of these @entity5 and notes how a curette can be used for this removal.

title: Diagnosis and conservative surgical management of XXXX of the larynx.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['episodic shortness of breath', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'chondrosarcomatous tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade chondrosarcoma']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe, in a population-based cohort, the incidence of and factors associated with @entity260 ( @entity260 ) in pediatric-onset @entity29 . METHODS: Using the pediatric population-based EPIMAD Cohort (1988-2004), among 692 incident @entity29 cases, 128 @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and 25 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) (22%) had undergone at least 1 major abdominal surgery at a median age of 16 years [interquartile range, Q1-Q3 = 14-17]. Factors associated with POC were assessed using Cox models. RESULTS: After a median postoperative follow-up of 8 years (3-12), 76 (49.7%) @entity1 had experienced at least 1 POC with a total of 113 complications. The frequency of severe POC (grade >2) was similar in @entity30 and @entity31 (28% of all complications versus 27%, P = 0.95). A total of 64 early @entity260 (within 30 d of surgery) were observed in 47 @entity1 (31%), with 33 being infectious and 31 noninfectious, higher in @entity31 than in @entity30 (25% of @entity1 with @entity30 versus 60% of @entity1 with @entity31 , P < 0.001). Forty-nine late @entity260 (>= 30 d) were observed in 37 @entity1 (24%). The occurrence of late POC was similar in @entity31 and @entity30 . The cumulative probability of POC was 31% (95% confidence interval, 24-39) at 1 month, 46% (38-54) at 1 year, and 48% (41-57) at 5 years. Multivariate analysis found that the @entity31 type was the only factor associated with early POC (hazard ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-5.4). CONCLUSIONS: One-half of the @entity1 with @entity29 had experienced at least 1 POC. Only @entity31 relative to @entity30 was significantly associated with an increased risk of early POC.

title: XXXX in Pediatric @entity29 : A Population-based Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['POCs', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe, in a population-based cohort, the incidence of and factors associated with @entity260 ( @entity260 ) in pediatric-onset @entity29 . METHODS: Using the pediatric population-based EPIMAD Cohort (1988-2004), among 692 incident @entity29 cases, 128 @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and 25 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) (22%) had undergone at least 1 major abdominal surgery at a median age of 16 years [interquartile range, Q1-Q3 = 14-17]. Factors associated with POC were assessed using Cox models. RESULTS: After a median postoperative follow-up of 8 years (3-12), 76 (49.7%) @entity1 had experienced at least 1 POC with a total of 113 complications. The frequency of severe POC (grade >2) was similar in @entity30 and @entity31 (28% of all complications versus 27%, P = 0.95). A total of 64 early @entity260 (within 30 d of surgery) were observed in 47 @entity1 (31%), with 33 being infectious and 31 noninfectious, higher in @entity31 than in @entity30 (25% of @entity1 with @entity30 versus 60% of @entity1 with @entity31 , P < 0.001). Forty-nine late @entity260 (>= 30 d) were observed in 37 @entity1 (24%). The occurrence of late POC was similar in @entity31 and @entity30 . The cumulative probability of POC was 31% (95% confidence interval, 24-39) at 1 month, 46% (38-54) at 1 year, and 48% (41-57) at 5 years. Multivariate analysis found that the @entity31 type was the only factor associated with early POC (hazard ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-5.4). CONCLUSIONS: One-half of the @entity1 with @entity29 had experienced at least 1 POC. Only @entity31 relative to @entity30 was significantly associated with an increased risk of early POC.

title: @entity260 in Pediatric XXXX : A Population-based Study.

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the impact of adjuvant modalities on resected @entity788 (PAC). METHODS: A total of 563 @entity1 who were curatively resected for PAC were retrospectively analyzed between 2003 and 2013. RESULTS: Of 563 @entity1 , 472 received adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) alone, chemoradiotherapy (CRT) alone, and chemoradiotherapy plus chemotherapy (CRT-CT) were analyzed. Of the 472 @entity1 , 231 were given CRT-CT, 26 were given CRT, and 215 were given CT. The median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 12 and 19 months, respectively. When CT and CRT-CT groups were compared, there was no significant difference with respect to both @entity1349 and @entity1349 , and also there was no difference in @entity1349 and @entity1349 among CRT-CT, CT and CRT groups. To further investigate the impact of radiation on subgroups, @entity1 were stratified according to lymph node status and resection margins. In node-positive @entity1 , both @entity1349 and @entity1349 were significantly longer in CRT-CT than CT. In contrast, there was no significant difference between groups when @entity1 with node-negative disease or @entity1 with or without positive surgical margins were considered. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of radiation to CT has a survival benefit in @entity1 with @entity1817 following pancreatic resection.

title: Impact of adjuvant treatment modalities on survival outcomes in curatively resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['node-positive disease']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity451 has been an unpredictable, devasting complication following operations upon the thoracoabdominal aorta for over 30 years. The frequency ranges from 0.5% with operations for @entity1498 to as high as 15% following surgery for thoracoabdominal @entity439 . Both uncertainty and controversy exist about the value of different protective methods during aortic crossclamping (AXC): heparinized shunts, partial bypass, and reimplantation of intercostal arteries. This report describes the authors' initial clinical experience with a highly sensitive indicator of @entity2759 , somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) in an attempt to prevent @entity451 associated with surgical procedures on the thoracoabdominal aorta. Seven consecutive @entity1 (one @entity1498 , five @entity439 , one @entity439 ) underwent continuous operative monitoring of SEP. Cortical response to simultaneous electrical stimulation (20 mAmps, 0.6 mSec., 2.3 cps) of both the right and @entity4957 was recorded before, during, and after AXC, and following operation. When @entity63 changes were detected by SEP, increasing distal circulation by different maneuvers (heparinized shunt, femoral-femoral bypass, reimplantation of intercostal arteries) reversed these changes. In two @entity1 with @entity439 , @entity63 changes appeared within three minutes after AXC and all potentials disappeared in nine minutes. Rapid insertion of a graft (AXC 28 and 37 minutes) resulted in SEP return 40 minutes following restoration of flow. These changes were prevented by a heparinized shunt in two @entity1 , femoral/femoral bypass in one, and T8-T9 intercostal reimplantation in one. No SEP changes occurred in the @entity1 with @entity1498 . No postoperative @entity16 occurred. Continuous operative monitoring of SEP has exciting possibilities for preventing @entity451 . It is simple, highly sensitive, and seems to provide a precise measurement of adequacy of circulation to the spinal cord.

title: Measurement of XXXX during operations upon the thoracic aorta: initial clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['left posterior tibial nerves']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'thoracic aneurysms', 'thoracoabdominal aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['Paraplegia', 'paraplegia']

answer: @entity2759 :: (MESH:D020760,Disease) :: ['spinal cord ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of population-based, multi-institutional analyses of factors associated with morbidity and mortality following @entity977 excision. METHODS: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project files were used to compile information on @entity1 that had undergone transnasal microscopic @entity977 resection from 2006 to 2012. @entity1 demographics, comorbidities, operative characteristics, and morbidity and mortality in the 30 days following surgery were included. Multivariate logistic regression was used for categorical variables and multivariate linear regression was used for continuous variables to evaluate factors leading to adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 658 @entity1 were included, of which 58 (8.81%) experienced a complication, reoperation or @entity204 in the 30 days following surgery. The most common complications were reoperation (3.37%), followed by unplanned reintubation (1.99%), @entity293 (1.68%), and transfusion (1.68%). Predictors of any complication, reoperation, or @entity204 include @entity295 (odds ratio [OR] = 7.596) and lower preoperative serum @entity2313 (OR = 6.667). Younger age predicted surgical complications (OR = 1.105). Predictors of medical complications include higher body mass index (OR = 1.112), chronic @entity479 use (OR = 6.568), @entity295 (OR = 15.297), and lower preoperative serum hematocrit (OR = 1.225). Predictors of increased total length of hospital stay were older age (b = 0.146), higher body mass index (b = 0.188), chronic @entity479 use (b = 0.142), @entity295 (b = 0.489), and lower preoperative serum @entity2313 (b = -0.213). CONCLUSION: Although adverse events following @entity977 excision are low, awareness of factors associated with morbidity and mortality in the early postoperative period may allow for improved @entity1 monitoring and outcomes.

title: Predictors of 30-day morbidity and mortality in transnasal microscopic XXXX excision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative sepsis']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide family physicians with a background understanding of the therapeutic regimens and treatment outcomes for @entity1663 ( @entity1663 ), as well as to help identify those @entity1 for whom dermatologist referral might be required. SOURCES OF INFORMATION: PubMed was searched for relevant articles regarding the treatment of @entity1663 . MAIN MESSAGE: @entity1665 areata is a form of autoimmune hair loss affecting both @entity1 and adults. While there is no associated mortality with the disease, morbidity from the psychological effects of hair loss can be devastating. Upon identification of @entity1663 and the disease subtype, an appropriate therapeutic regimen can be instituted to help halt hair loss or possibly initiate hair regrowth. First-line treatment involves intralesional @entity2713 with topical @entity230 or @entity5491 or both. Primary care physicians can safely prescribe and institute these treatments. More advanced or refractory cases might require oral immunosuppressants, topical @entity9973 , or topical @entity7141 . Eyelash loss can be treated with @entity3009 analogues. Those with extensive loss might choose camouflaging options or a hair prosthesis. It is important to monitor for @entity146 owing to the profound psychological effects of hair loss. CONCLUSION: Family physicians will encounter many @entity1 experiencing hair loss. Recognition of @entity1663 and an understanding of the underlying disease process will allow an appropriate therapeutic regimen to be instituted. More advanced or refractory cases need to be identified, allowing for an appropriate dermatologist referral when necessary.

title: XXXX areata: Part 2: treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity9973 :: ('MESH:C029402', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenylcyclopropenone']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity7141 :: ('MESH:D000875', 'Chemical') :: ['anthralin']

entities_list: @entity5491 :: ('MESH:D008914', 'Chemical') :: ['minoxidil']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1663 :: ('MESH:D000506', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'alopecia areata']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity1665 :: (MESH:D000505,Disease) :: ['Alopecia']


abstract: This report reviews experience with radiation therapy in 77 @entity1 with @entity320 of the head and neck, a lesion traditionally but incorrectly considered to be radiation-resistant. Thirteen @entity1 with @entity6311 and 18 @entity1 with @entity6311 @entity320 have been primarily irradiated. In 11 of the 13 @entity1 , the @entity6311 has been locally controlled with no recurrence from 6 months to 5 years following treatment. One @entity1 had a local recurrence and was salvaged with further radiation therapy, and one @entity1 had @entity41 after irradiation and was salvaged with simple excision. Seventeen of 18 @entity1 primarily irradiated had @entity6311 @entity320 that have been locally controlled from 6 months to 6 years after irradiation. One @entity1 had a local recurrence and was salvaged by excisional surgery. There have been no deaths from lentigenous @entity320 , and the cosmetic results of treatment are excellent. We concluded that radiation therapy is a simple, effective out- @entity1 treatment for @entity552 and @entity320 . Nonlentigenous @entity320 was irradiated after incisional biopsy in 6 @entity1 ; local control was obtained in 4 @entity1 although 1 died of distant @entity3 . Fifteen @entity1 were irradiated after excisional biopsy (margins inadequate); 14 of 15 had local control although 6 died of @entity3 . Only 2 of 16 @entity1 irradiated for recurrent @entity320 were controlled. Analysis of local control versus irradiation fraction size revealed that 17/24 (71%) achieved local control with a dose per fraction of greater than 400 rad as compared with 3 of 12 (25%) in those being irradiated with a dose of less than 400 rad per fraction. We concluded that nonlentigenous @entity320 is not radiation resistant and that local excision followed by radiation therapy with a large dose per fraction deserves further study, particularly in @entity320 of the head and neck where wide local excision is not possible due to age of the @entity1 or location of the @entity5 . Nine @entity320 have primarily irradiated and four have been locally controlled.

title: Radiation therapy for XXXX of the head and neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity6311 :: ('MESH:D007911', 'Disease') :: ['lentigo malignum']

entities_list: @entity552 :: ('MESH:D018327', 'Disease') :: ['lentigo maligna']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'mucosal melanomas', 'melanomas', 'lentigo maligna melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : A tissue-engineered cardiac patch provides a method to deliver cardiomyoctes to the injured myocardium with high cell retention and large, controlled @entity1188 coverage, enhancing the ability of cells to limit remodeling after @entity1188 . The patch environment can also yield increased survival. In the present study, we sought to assess the efficacy of a cardiac patch made from @entity1 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to engraft and limit left ventricular (LV) remodeling acutely after @entity1188 . Cardiac patches were created from hiPSC-CMs and @entity1 pericytes (PCs) entrapped in a fibrin gel and implanted acutely onto athymic @entity35 hearts. hiPSC-CMs not only remained viable after in vivo culture, but also increased in number by as much as twofold, consistent with colocalization of human nuclear antigen, cardiac troponin T, and Ki-67 staining. CM+PC patches led to reduced @entity1188 sizes compared with @entity583 -only controls at week 4, and CM+PC patch recipient hearts exhibited greater fractional shortening over all groups at both 1 and 4 weeks after transplantation. However, a decline occurred in fractional shortening for all groups over 4 weeks, and LV thinning was not mitigated. CM+PC patches became vascularized in vivo, and microvessels were more abundant in the host myocardium border zone, suggesting a paracrine mechanism for the improved cardiac function. PCs in a PC-only control patch did not survive 4 weeks in vivo. Our results indicate that cardiac patches containing hiPSC-CMs engraft onto acute @entity1188 , and the hiPSC-CMs survive, proliferate, and contribute to a reduction in @entity1188 size and improvements in cardiac function. SIGNIFICANCE: In the present study, a cardiac patch was created from @entity1 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and @entity1 pericytes entrapped in a fibrin gel, and it was transplanted onto infarcted @entity35 myocardium. It was found that a patch that contained both cardiomyocytes and pericytes survived transplantation and resulted in improved cardiac function and a reduced @entity1188 size compared with controls.

title: Functional Effects of a Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Patch From XXXX Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in a @entity35 Infarct Model.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : A tissue-engineered cardiac patch provides a method to deliver cardiomyoctes to the injured myocardium with high cell retention and large, controlled @entity1188 coverage, enhancing the ability of cells to limit remodeling after @entity1188 . The patch environment can also yield increased survival. In the present study, we sought to assess the efficacy of a cardiac patch made from @entity1 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to engraft and limit left ventricular (LV) remodeling acutely after @entity1188 . Cardiac patches were created from hiPSC-CMs and @entity1 pericytes (PCs) entrapped in a fibrin gel and implanted acutely onto athymic @entity35 hearts. hiPSC-CMs not only remained viable after in vivo culture, but also increased in number by as much as twofold, consistent with colocalization of human nuclear antigen, cardiac troponin T, and Ki-67 staining. CM+PC patches led to reduced @entity1188 sizes compared with @entity583 -only controls at week 4, and CM+PC patch recipient hearts exhibited greater fractional shortening over all groups at both 1 and 4 weeks after transplantation. However, a decline occurred in fractional shortening for all groups over 4 weeks, and LV thinning was not mitigated. CM+PC patches became vascularized in vivo, and microvessels were more abundant in the host myocardium border zone, suggesting a paracrine mechanism for the improved cardiac function. PCs in a PC-only control patch did not survive 4 weeks in vivo. Our results indicate that cardiac patches containing hiPSC-CMs engraft onto acute @entity1188 , and the hiPSC-CMs survive, proliferate, and contribute to a reduction in @entity1188 size and improvements in cardiac function. SIGNIFICANCE: In the present study, a cardiac patch was created from @entity1 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and @entity1 pericytes entrapped in a fibrin gel, and it was transplanted onto infarcted @entity35 myocardium. It was found that a patch that contained both cardiomyocytes and pericytes survived transplantation and resulted in improved cardiac function and a reduced @entity1188 size compared with controls.

title: Functional Effects of a Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Patch From @entity1 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in a XXXX Infarct Model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: The influence of various dosing regimens on the response of @entity748 @entity1 to aerosol @entity134 was investigated. @entity4184 , a topically active @entity228 like @entity2715 , was given q.i.d. or b.i.d., in the morning or A.M./P.M., at doses of 400, 800, and 1600 micrograms/day. Each @entity1 (n = 34) took every treatment combination for 2 wk. The antiasthmatic and systemic effects, measured by changes in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), blood eosinophils, and serum @entity701 levels increased approximately linearly on log dose @entity4184 (p less than 0.0005). Systemic effects of the drug were nonsignificant at low dosage. At high dosage, morning dosing conserved hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, but at the cost of a marginal reduction in efficacy (delta PEFR, p = 0.12). Having the dose frequency reduced the antiasthmatic potency of the drug, i.e., PEFR fell by an amount equivalent to approximately eightfold reduction in daily dosage (p = 0.002). This effect was not evident when @entity565 was in remission but became so with @entity565 in relapse. Overall, the q.i.d. A.M./P.M. regimen showed the best risk-benefit relationships. The data indicate (1) that reductions in dose frequency made with the hope of improving @entity1 compliance and thus conserving the drug's long-term efficacy are likely to lead to the reverse effect, (2) that the clinician can conserve a better balance of risk vs benefit by titrating dosage in terms of puffs per dose rather than doses per day, and (3) that @entity1 can increase the antiasthmatic efficacy of this aerosol @entity134 without any increase in drug costs (or apparent risk) by simply increasing dosing frequency. These therapeutic considerations probably apply to some or all of the other topically active @entity230 currently used to treat @entity565 .

title: Influence of dosing frequency and schedule on the response of chronic asthmatics to the aerosol XXXX , @entity4184 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone dipropionate']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['Budesonide', 'budesonide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: The influence of various dosing regimens on the response of @entity748 @entity1 to aerosol @entity134 was investigated. @entity4184 , a topically active @entity228 like @entity2715 , was given q.i.d. or b.i.d., in the morning or A.M./P.M., at doses of 400, 800, and 1600 micrograms/day. Each @entity1 (n = 34) took every treatment combination for 2 wk. The antiasthmatic and systemic effects, measured by changes in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), blood eosinophils, and serum @entity701 levels increased approximately linearly on log dose @entity4184 (p less than 0.0005). Systemic effects of the drug were nonsignificant at low dosage. At high dosage, morning dosing conserved hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, but at the cost of a marginal reduction in efficacy (delta PEFR, p = 0.12). Having the dose frequency reduced the antiasthmatic potency of the drug, i.e., PEFR fell by an amount equivalent to approximately eightfold reduction in daily dosage (p = 0.002). This effect was not evident when @entity565 was in remission but became so with @entity565 in relapse. Overall, the q.i.d. A.M./P.M. regimen showed the best risk-benefit relationships. The data indicate (1) that reductions in dose frequency made with the hope of improving @entity1 compliance and thus conserving the drug's long-term efficacy are likely to lead to the reverse effect, (2) that the clinician can conserve a better balance of risk vs benefit by titrating dosage in terms of puffs per dose rather than doses per day, and (3) that @entity1 can increase the antiasthmatic efficacy of this aerosol @entity134 without any increase in drug costs (or apparent risk) by simply increasing dosing frequency. These therapeutic considerations probably apply to some or all of the other topically active @entity230 currently used to treat @entity565 .

title: Influence of dosing frequency and schedule on the response of chronic asthmatics to the aerosol @entity134 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['budesonide']


abstract: This study investigated the effects of individual @entity235 cardiac nerve stimulation on atrioventricular conductions as measured by His bundle electrograms. A-H and @entity8108 -V intervals were measured before and during stimulation of each nerve in paced hearts (200 beats/min) and before and after blocking doses of either @entity3897 or @entity1169 . Increases in A-H or H-V intervals were evidence of parasympathetic innervation; decreases in intervals were evidence of sympathetic innervation. Separation by autonomic composition produced 3 categories: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and mixed input to the @entity713 . The sympathetic nerves were the left and right ansae subclavia, the ventrolateral cardiac nerve, and the right stellate cardiac nerve. The parasympathetic nerve was the right thoracic vagus, and the mixed nerves were the left thoracic vagus, and the innominate, ventromedial, craniovagal, caudovagal, and right recurrent @entity299 . The @entity299 eliciting a major response were the left and right ansae subclavia, the ventrolateral, right recurrent, @entity299 , and the left and right thoracic vagi. In theory, the nerves of the right side, because of their innervation of both sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, may be expected to elicit a balanced heart rate- @entity713 response when stimulated, thus matching @entity2224 . On the other hand, stimulation of the ventrolateral cardiac nerve regularly produces @entity943 , due to increased automaticity at the @entity713 . Production of such @entity943 indicates the possible implication of imbalanced autonomic activity in arrhythmogenesis. Three @entity299 produced little or no effect on @entity713 . These were the innominate, ventromedial, and @entity299 . Because of its limited distribution and marked sinus rate effects, the right stellate cardiac nerve can be considered almost a purely positive chronotropic nerve. Its possible role in heart rate- @entity713 mismatching has not been delineated but, because of its nearly exclusive action at the sinoatrial node, may be of considerable importance.

title: Effects of individual cardiac nerve stimulation on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular conduction', 'atrioventricular junction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular rates']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac nerves', 'right stellate cardiac nerves', 'craniovagal, and caudovagal cardiac nerves']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular conduction']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The optimal dialysate @entity460 concentration (DCC) in hemodialysis @entity1 is still debated. Strategies have varied over time due to developments in the treatments available for mineral @entity209 and our increasing knowledge of bone and @entity455 . International recommendations [Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDIGO) and European Best Practice Guidelines] urge for DCC individualization in order to meet the @entity1 's specific needs whenever possible. In this review, we aim to discuss the pros and cons of individualizing the DCC in hemodialysis @entity1 . RECENT FINDINGS: Different regions of the world have various strategies with respect to DCCs. Decreasing the DCC slightly reduces calcemia, but mainly stimulates @entity79 . Conversely, increasing the DCC increases calcemia slightly and reduces @entity79 markedly. Furthermore, higher DCCs favor hemodynamic stability and can prevent @entity943 . The impact of DCC individualization on survival rate or cardiovascular calcification progression has not been evaluated. SUMMARY: Individualizing DCC appears to be useful but requires time, a clear defined strategy, and close biological monitoring. Even though some studies have shown that using individualized DCCs of 1.25 or 1.75mmol/l is not harmful, the real benefits of this strategy need to be assessed in a large, multicentric trial.

title: Individualizing the dialysate XXXX concentration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid hormone secretion and bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolism disorders']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The karyotype, @entity1778 cell morphology (FAB classification), ethnic group, age, sex, and survival were compared in 60 @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), to determine their diagnostic and prognostic significance. An ethnic age difference was observed; a significantly greater number of black @entity1 were @entity1 . The majority of @entity1 were males. A higher frequency of @entity2008 was detected in @entity1 , yet they survived longer than adults. A specific, significant association between a (8; 21) karyotype and M2- @entity3052 was confirmed; four of ten @entity1 with M2- @entity3052 showed this translocation. The more mature morphology of M2- @entity3052 was associated with a longer survival irrespective of karyotype, ethnic group, and age. The specificity of t(15; 17) in M3- @entity3052 and nonrandom monosomy 7 in preleukemic @entity1 was confirmed. @entity1 , particularly adults, with normal karyotypes tended to survive longer than those with abnormal karyotypes. The @entity1 's age and the differentiative capacity of the leukemic cell appear to be as important as the karyotype in determining survival. The nonrandom association of certain chromosome aberrations in @entity3052 appears to be worldwide.

title: Karyotype analysis in XXXX ( @entity3052 ): comparison with ethnic group, age, morphology, and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia', 'ANLL']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: The karyotype, @entity1778 cell morphology (FAB classification), ethnic group, age, sex, and survival were compared in 60 @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), to determine their diagnostic and prognostic significance. An ethnic age difference was observed; a significantly greater number of black @entity1 were @entity1 . The majority of @entity1 were males. A higher frequency of @entity2008 was detected in @entity1 , yet they survived longer than adults. A specific, significant association between a (8; 21) karyotype and M2- @entity3052 was confirmed; four of ten @entity1 with M2- @entity3052 showed this translocation. The more mature morphology of M2- @entity3052 was associated with a longer survival irrespective of karyotype, ethnic group, and age. The specificity of t(15; 17) in M3- @entity3052 and nonrandom monosomy 7 in preleukemic @entity1 was confirmed. @entity1 , particularly adults, with normal karyotypes tended to survive longer than those with abnormal karyotypes. The @entity1 's age and the differentiative capacity of the leukemic cell appear to be as important as the karyotype in determining survival. The nonrandom association of certain chromosome aberrations in @entity3052 appears to be worldwide.

title: Karyotype analysis in @entity3052 ( XXXX ): comparison with ethnic group, age, morphology, and survival.

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['ANLL']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glucocorticoids exert a well-known catabolic protein action on skeletal muscle. The mechanistic target of @entity3446 ( @entity3470 ) signaling pathway acts as a central regulator of protein metabolism. Whether glucocorticoids regulate protein synthesis through the @entity3470 pathway in skeletal muscle of @entity1573 remains unknown. This study was performed to characterize the effect of glucocorticoids on the @entity3470 pathway in skeletal muscle development in @entity1573 , and on protein synthesis in cultured @entity2085 . Male 29-d-old @entity1573 were given a @entity619 injection (2   mg/kg) twice per day for 4   d (n   =   16). @entity1573 @entity2085 were exposed to @entity619 for 24   h (100     mol/L, n   =   4 cultures). The interaction between @entity619 and @entity368 was also investigated. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple test were used to analyze the effects of the @entity619 and @entity368 treatments. The results showed that @entity619 decreased body @entity1017 , body weight, and feed efficiency. Protein synthesis was inhibited by in vitro @entity619 exposure. Phosphorylation of @entity3470 and ribosomal protein S6 protein kinase (p70S6K) were inhibited by @entity619 , suggesting the @entity3470 pathway may be involved in @entity619 -regulated muscle protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of @entity8582 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) was not altered in vitro but was reduced in vivo by @entity619 . These results imply that the @entity3470 and AMPK pathways are both involved in retarding muscle development and protein synthesis by glucocorticoids, but the @entity3470 pathway is a critical point linking glucocorticoid and protein synthesis. @entity368 , at least partially, inhibited the effects of @entity619 on protein synthesis via the @entity3470 pathway.

title: Glucocorticoids retard skeletal muscle development and myoblast protein synthesis through a mechanistic target of XXXX ( @entity3470 )-signaling pathway in broilers ( @entity1573 ).

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic myoblasts']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine', 'Leucine']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'Chicken']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glucocorticoids exert a well-known catabolic protein action on skeletal muscle. The mechanistic target of @entity3446 ( @entity3470 ) signaling pathway acts as a central regulator of protein metabolism. Whether glucocorticoids regulate protein synthesis through the @entity3470 pathway in skeletal muscle of @entity1573 remains unknown. This study was performed to characterize the effect of glucocorticoids on the @entity3470 pathway in skeletal muscle development in @entity1573 , and on protein synthesis in cultured @entity2085 . Male 29-d-old @entity1573 were given a @entity619 injection (2   mg/kg) twice per day for 4   d (n   =   16). @entity1573 @entity2085 were exposed to @entity619 for 24   h (100     mol/L, n   =   4 cultures). The interaction between @entity619 and @entity368 was also investigated. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple test were used to analyze the effects of the @entity619 and @entity368 treatments. The results showed that @entity619 decreased body @entity1017 , body weight, and feed efficiency. Protein synthesis was inhibited by in vitro @entity619 exposure. Phosphorylation of @entity3470 and ribosomal protein S6 protein kinase (p70S6K) were inhibited by @entity619 , suggesting the @entity3470 pathway may be involved in @entity619 -regulated muscle protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of @entity8582 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) was not altered in vitro but was reduced in vivo by @entity619 . These results imply that the @entity3470 and AMPK pathways are both involved in retarding muscle development and protein synthesis by glucocorticoids, but the @entity3470 pathway is a critical point linking glucocorticoid and protein synthesis. @entity368 , at least partially, inhibited the effects of @entity619 on protein synthesis via the @entity3470 pathway.

title: Glucocorticoids retard skeletal muscle development and myoblast protein synthesis through a mechanistic target of @entity3446 ( XXXX )-signaling pathway in broilers ( @entity1573 ).

answer: @entity3470 :: (21977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTOR']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glucocorticoids exert a well-known catabolic protein action on skeletal muscle. The mechanistic target of @entity3446 ( @entity3470 ) signaling pathway acts as a central regulator of protein metabolism. Whether glucocorticoids regulate protein synthesis through the @entity3470 pathway in skeletal muscle of @entity1573 remains unknown. This study was performed to characterize the effect of glucocorticoids on the @entity3470 pathway in skeletal muscle development in @entity1573 , and on protein synthesis in cultured @entity2085 . Male 29-d-old @entity1573 were given a @entity619 injection (2   mg/kg) twice per day for 4   d (n   =   16). @entity1573 @entity2085 were exposed to @entity619 for 24   h (100     mol/L, n   =   4 cultures). The interaction between @entity619 and @entity368 was also investigated. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple test were used to analyze the effects of the @entity619 and @entity368 treatments. The results showed that @entity619 decreased body @entity1017 , body weight, and feed efficiency. Protein synthesis was inhibited by in vitro @entity619 exposure. Phosphorylation of @entity3470 and ribosomal protein S6 protein kinase (p70S6K) were inhibited by @entity619 , suggesting the @entity3470 pathway may be involved in @entity619 -regulated muscle protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of @entity8582 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) was not altered in vitro but was reduced in vivo by @entity619 . These results imply that the @entity3470 and AMPK pathways are both involved in retarding muscle development and protein synthesis by glucocorticoids, but the @entity3470 pathway is a critical point linking glucocorticoid and protein synthesis. @entity368 , at least partially, inhibited the effects of @entity619 on protein synthesis via the @entity3470 pathway.

title: Glucocorticoids retard skeletal muscle development and myoblast protein synthesis through a mechanistic target of @entity3446 ( @entity3470 )-signaling pathway in broilers ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['Gallus gallus domesticus']


abstract: The spontaneous changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during the first 24 hours of a first transmural @entity1188 were assessed in 34 @entity1 by serial gated cardiac blood pool imaging. Major therapeutic interventions with a view to limit @entity1188 size were not used. Four determinations of LVEF were performed. Study 1 was performed as soon as possible after admission to the hospital. Studies 2 and 3 were performed 2 and 4 hours, respectively, after study 1. Twenty-four @entity1 (70%) had study 1 within 6 hours after the onset of acute @entity662 and 10 had it 6-12 hours after the onset of @entity662 . Study 4 was performed 24 hours after the onset of @entity662 . Compared with study 1, 19 of 34 @entity1 (56%) had spontaneous changes in LVEF in at least one of the subsequent studies, exceeding the expected variability in stable @entity1 . The changes ranged from a 32% increase to 14% absolute decrease. LVEF improved in 11 @entity1 and deteriorated in eight. These spontaneous changes in left ventricular performance indicate that a single assessment of LVEF during the early hours of transmural @entity583 may not properly characterize cardiac performance in an individual @entity1 and may not be the most appropriate reference against which to compare subsequent evolution of left ventricular function. These data may have implications for studies of the effects of early therapeutic interventions on LVEF.

title: Spontaneous changes in left ventricular function over the first 24 hours of XXXX : implications for evaluating early therapeutic interventions.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Serum levels of @entity908 kinase (CK) and its myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB) were measured and serial ECG recorded in 24 male and 6 female @entity1 with severe @entity542 . All @entity1 were @entity772 , but no @entity1 sustained a spinal or @entity764 . Total CK activity was elevated in at least one sample in each @entity1 . Elevated CK-MB activity was found in 28 @entity1 . The serial CK-MB data did not follow the same pattern as that of @entity1 suffering from @entity583 . The mean CK-MB remained elevated for at least 3 days after injury, although individual patterns were variable. ECG abnormalities included prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) in 90% and a variety of nonspecific ST segment and T wave changes in 53%. These ECG findings are consistent with other clinical studies of severe @entity16 , particularly cerebrovascular accidents. The elevated CK-MB activity indicates that ongoing @entity296 occurs in @entity1 with severe @entity542 . Although the underlying mechanism is not entirely clear, an excessive release of @entity2661 is the most likely mechanism accounting for @entity296 , prolonged elevated CK-MB values and the observed ECG abnormalities.

title: Biochemical evidence of XXXX after severe @entity542 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse myocardial damage', 'myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial injury']


abstract: Serum levels of @entity908 kinase (CK) and its myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB) were measured and serial ECG recorded in 24 male and 6 female @entity1 with severe @entity542 . All @entity1 were @entity772 , but no @entity1 sustained a spinal or @entity764 . Total CK activity was elevated in at least one sample in each @entity1 . Elevated CK-MB activity was found in 28 @entity1 . The serial CK-MB data did not follow the same pattern as that of @entity1 suffering from @entity583 . The mean CK-MB remained elevated for at least 3 days after injury, although individual patterns were variable. ECG abnormalities included prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) in 90% and a variety of nonspecific ST segment and T wave changes in 53%. These ECG findings are consistent with other clinical studies of severe @entity16 , particularly cerebrovascular accidents. The elevated CK-MB activity indicates that ongoing @entity296 occurs in @entity1 with severe @entity542 . Although the underlying mechanism is not entirely clear, an excessive release of @entity2661 is the most likely mechanism accounting for @entity296 , prolonged elevated CK-MB values and the observed ECG abnormalities.

title: Biochemical evidence of @entity296 after severe XXXX .

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Host inflammatory response to any form of tissue injury, including burn, @entity130 , or shock has been well documented. After significant burns, cytokines can increase substantially within the first 24hours after injury and may contribute to subsequent organ failure. Hemoadsorption by cytokine-adsorbing columns may attenuate this maladaptive response thereby improving outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility, technical safety and efficacy of cytokine and myoglobin removal by early use of a cytokine absorbing column (CytoSorb) in a porcine model of @entity9927 and @entity130 . METHODS: Anesthetized female Yorkshire @entity1707 (n=15) were injured by wood bark @entity9927 and a 40% total body surface area deep burn and observed for 72hours or @entity204 . The animals were randomized to hemoadsorption treatment (n=9) or a sham group (n=6) before injury. A six hour hemoadsorption or sham session was performed on days one, two and three. Serum cytokines ( @entity16318 , @entity22134 , @entity9404 , @entity18029 , @entity14463 ) and myoglobin were measured systemically, locally in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and also in circulating blood before and after the adsorbing column to evaluate single pass clearance by the device. RESULTS: Hemoadsorption caused significant removal of @entity16318 , @entity22134 , @entity18029 and myoglobin across the device mainly during the first run, ranging from 22% for @entity22134 to 29% for @entity16318 and 41% removal rates for myoglobin after 15min of treatment. Systemic cytokine or myoglobin serum concentrations did not change. CONCLUSION: In a porcine model of smoke and @entity130 , hemoadsorption using the CytoSorb cartridge did not result in significant systemic or pulmonary reductions in the measured cytokines or myoglobin despite efficient transmembrane reductions. Further investigations are needed to optimize the efficiency of mediator clearance to impact both circulating levels and clinically relevant outcomes.

title: EVALUATION OF THE Cytosorb   HEMOADSORPTIVE COLUMN IN A XXXX MODEL OF SEVERE SMOKE AND BURN INJURY.

entities_list: @entity9927 :: ('MESH:D015208', 'Disease') :: ['smoke inhalation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['PIG']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The use of a @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) as a bridge to surgery (BTS) for obstructive @entity14 is known to be effective. However, whether the use of a @entity1702 as a BTS for obstruction induced by effective chemotherapy (CTx) is useful is unknown. We present the case of a 54-year-old female @entity1 with @entity14 who underwent @entity1702 placement as a BTS for @entity14 induced by bevacizumab-based CTx. The @entity1 was diagnosed as having transverse @entity694 with multiple liver metastases invading the inferior vena cava. Bevacizumab-based CTx was started; however, although it was effective, @entity694 occurred at the primary site after 31  months. A @entity1702 was placed as a BTS, and surgical resection of the @entity75 was performed after cessation of bevacizumab. However, the liver metastases remained unresectable. CTx was restarted after surgery, and 48-month survival was achieved. This case shows that @entity1702 placement as a BTS for @entity14 induced by a good response to bevacizumab-based CTx was safe and beneficial. With the development of CTx and molecular-targeted agents, the frequency of @entity14 associated with effective CTx is expected to increase. @entity1702 placement as a BTS might be one of the treatment options.

title: Successful endoscopic stent placement as a bridge to surgery for XXXX induced by bevacizumab-based chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['self-expandable metallic stent', 'SEMS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal obstruction', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colonic obstruction']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic obstruction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8143 is a rare @entity146 which often presents with dermatological problems. @entity8143 , which involves urethral self-instrumentation and foreign body insertion, is exceptionally rare. This is the first case report to date that provides a detailed presentation of the urological manifestation of @entity8143 with complications associated with repeated self-instrumentation and foreign body insertion, resulting in stricture formation and requiring perineal urethrostomy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old Irish @entity1 was electively admitted for perineal urethrostomy with chronic symptoms of @entity3833 , haematuria, urethral discharge, and intermittent urinary retention. He reported a 4-year history of intermittent @entity158 , @entity1109 , and burrowing sensations, and held the belief that his urethra was infested with ticks. He also reported a 2-year history of daily self-instrumentation, mainly injecting an antiseptic using a syringe in an attempt to eliminate the ticks. He was found to have urethral strictures secondary to repeated self-instrumentation. A foreign body was found in his urethra and was removed via cystoscopy. On @entity146 assessment, he displayed a fixed delusion of @entity277 and threatened to surgically remove the tick himself if no intervention was performed. The surgery was postponed due his mental state and he was started on @entity1090 ; he was later transferred to an acute in- @entity1 @entity146 unit. Following a 3-week admission, he reported improvement in his thoughts and distress. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8143 is a rare @entity146 . Self-inflicted urethral foreign bodies in males are rare and have high comorbidity with @entity146 ; hence, these @entity1 have a low threshold for referral for @entity146 assessment. The mainstay treatment for @entity8143 is second-generation antipsychotic drugs.

title: Urethral stricture secondary to self-instrumentation due to XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['pin-prick biting sensations']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['tick infestation']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['delusional parasitosis', 'Delusional parasitosis']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity8143 :: (MESH:D063726,Disease) :: ['delusional parasitosis']


abstract: Perfluorochemicals ( @entity27533 -43) is characterized with its small size and high propensity for carrying @entity26 and @entity544 , and also have the function to improve the cerebral microcirculation. These characteristic features of @entity27533 -43 may have a beneficial effect on @entity1313 chemotherapy in terms of the oxygenation of @entity519 cells, and/or the improvement of the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs. This study was undertaken to identify the combined effect of perfluorochemicals ( @entity27533 -43, 20 ml/kg) and chemotherapeutic agent ( @entity3600 , LD10 dose; 13.3 mg/kg) in a @entity35 @entity1313 model. @entity1313 model was made by the intracerebral implantation of C6 @entity35 @entity11 cells (1 X 10(5) cells/10 microliters). At 10 days after implantation, control animals had a macrotumor weighing about 100 mg with large part of central @entity39 . The @entity5 -bearing @entity35 for 10 days after implantation were randomly divided into 4 groups; a control group, a @entity27533 -43 treatment group, a @entity3600 treatment group, and a @entity27533 -43 plus @entity3600 treatment group. Control animals had mean survival time of 19.94 +/- 2.41 (S.D.) days, and mean survival time of @entity27533 -43 treatment group was 19.47 +/- 1.36 days. @entity3600 treatment alone prolonged the mean survival time to 28.36 +/- 7.94 days (p less than 0.001). @entity27533 -43 plus @entity3600 treatment group showed 36.00 +/- 10.15 days, which was significantly greater than that of @entity3600 treatment alone group (p less than 0.005). The long survivals lived over 50 days after implantation were 7 out of 27 @entity35 in @entity27533 -43 plus @entity3600 treatment group, in contrast to one out of 25 @entity35 in @entity3600 treatment alone group. Perfluorochemicals ( @entity27533 -43) may have the synergistic effect on @entity3600 chemotherapy for @entity1313 . It was speculated for the above results that following the oxygenation of @entity519 cells by @entity27533 -43, @entity519 cells might be sensitized to @entity3600 , which might be much delivered into @entity519 area. And further studies should be done for the evaluation of the mechanism of perfluorochemicals on @entity1313 experimentally before clinical application.

title: [Effect of perfluorochemicals on XXXX chemotherapy in a @entity35 @entity1313 model].

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain-tumor', 'Brain-tumor', 'brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity3600 :: (MESH:D002330,Chemical) :: ['BCNU']


abstract: Perfluorochemicals ( @entity27533 -43) is characterized with its small size and high propensity for carrying @entity26 and @entity544 , and also have the function to improve the cerebral microcirculation. These characteristic features of @entity27533 -43 may have a beneficial effect on @entity1313 chemotherapy in terms of the oxygenation of @entity519 cells, and/or the improvement of the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs. This study was undertaken to identify the combined effect of perfluorochemicals ( @entity27533 -43, 20 ml/kg) and chemotherapeutic agent ( @entity3600 , LD10 dose; 13.3 mg/kg) in a @entity35 @entity1313 model. @entity1313 model was made by the intracerebral implantation of C6 @entity35 @entity11 cells (1 X 10(5) cells/10 microliters). At 10 days after implantation, control animals had a macrotumor weighing about 100 mg with large part of central @entity39 . The @entity5 -bearing @entity35 for 10 days after implantation were randomly divided into 4 groups; a control group, a @entity27533 -43 treatment group, a @entity3600 treatment group, and a @entity27533 -43 plus @entity3600 treatment group. Control animals had mean survival time of 19.94 +/- 2.41 (S.D.) days, and mean survival time of @entity27533 -43 treatment group was 19.47 +/- 1.36 days. @entity3600 treatment alone prolonged the mean survival time to 28.36 +/- 7.94 days (p less than 0.001). @entity27533 -43 plus @entity3600 treatment group showed 36.00 +/- 10.15 days, which was significantly greater than that of @entity3600 treatment alone group (p less than 0.005). The long survivals lived over 50 days after implantation were 7 out of 27 @entity35 in @entity27533 -43 plus @entity3600 treatment group, in contrast to one out of 25 @entity35 in @entity3600 treatment alone group. Perfluorochemicals ( @entity27533 -43) may have the synergistic effect on @entity3600 chemotherapy for @entity1313 . It was speculated for the above results that following the oxygenation of @entity519 cells by @entity27533 -43, @entity519 cells might be sensitized to @entity3600 , which might be much delivered into @entity519 area. And further studies should be done for the evaluation of the mechanism of perfluorochemicals on @entity1313 experimentally before clinical application.

title: [Effect of perfluorochemicals on @entity3600 chemotherapy in a @entity35 XXXX model].

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain-tumor']


abstract: Perfluorochemicals ( @entity27533 -43) is characterized with its small size and high propensity for carrying @entity26 and @entity544 , and also have the function to improve the cerebral microcirculation. These characteristic features of @entity27533 -43 may have a beneficial effect on @entity1313 chemotherapy in terms of the oxygenation of @entity519 cells, and/or the improvement of the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs. This study was undertaken to identify the combined effect of perfluorochemicals ( @entity27533 -43, 20 ml/kg) and chemotherapeutic agent ( @entity3600 , LD10 dose; 13.3 mg/kg) in a @entity35 @entity1313 model. @entity1313 model was made by the intracerebral implantation of C6 @entity35 @entity11 cells (1 X 10(5) cells/10 microliters). At 10 days after implantation, control animals had a macrotumor weighing about 100 mg with large part of central @entity39 . The @entity5 -bearing @entity35 for 10 days after implantation were randomly divided into 4 groups; a control group, a @entity27533 -43 treatment group, a @entity3600 treatment group, and a @entity27533 -43 plus @entity3600 treatment group. Control animals had mean survival time of 19.94 +/- 2.41 (S.D.) days, and mean survival time of @entity27533 -43 treatment group was 19.47 +/- 1.36 days. @entity3600 treatment alone prolonged the mean survival time to 28.36 +/- 7.94 days (p less than 0.001). @entity27533 -43 plus @entity3600 treatment group showed 36.00 +/- 10.15 days, which was significantly greater than that of @entity3600 treatment alone group (p less than 0.005). The long survivals lived over 50 days after implantation were 7 out of 27 @entity35 in @entity27533 -43 plus @entity3600 treatment group, in contrast to one out of 25 @entity35 in @entity3600 treatment alone group. Perfluorochemicals ( @entity27533 -43) may have the synergistic effect on @entity3600 chemotherapy for @entity1313 . It was speculated for the above results that following the oxygenation of @entity519 cells by @entity27533 -43, @entity519 cells might be sensitized to @entity3600 , which might be much delivered into @entity519 area. And further studies should be done for the evaluation of the mechanism of perfluorochemicals on @entity1313 experimentally before clinical application.

title: [Effect of perfluorochemicals on @entity3600 chemotherapy in a XXXX @entity1313 model].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG), platelet @entity7027 ( @entity7027 ), and platelet sequestration sites were studied in 69 @entity1 with immune ( @entity3039 ) and presumed nonimmune @entity882 (NTP). A shortened @entity7027 was associated with elevated PAIgG (N = 46), and with normal PAIgG (N = 15). Four @entity1 had a normal @entity7027 , but elevated PAIgG, four @entity1 were normal for both parameters. The highest PAIgG values occurred in @entity3039 @entity1 with a very short @entity7027 . Nine NTP @entity1 had also elevated PAIgG, but a normal or slightly shortened @entity7027 . There was a significant double log correlation between PAIgG and @entity7027 for @entity3039 , but not for NTP @entity1 . Judged from the coefficient of determination, only 10% of PAIgG were directly related to a shortened @entity7027 . 70% of @entity1 (N = 63) had exclusively @entity4558 and 30% hepatosplenic sequestration. PAIgG was elevated in 29/44 @entity1 with @entity4558 (66%) and in 16/19 @entity1 with hepatosplenic sequestration (84%). In @entity3039 , PAIgG-positive cases were observed in 69% of @entity4558 v 82% of hepatosplenic sequestration, while in NTP the corresponding figures were 6/11 and 2/2. No significant correlation between PAIgG and either sequestration type was demonstrable. We conclude that in immunologically mediated @entity882 only a small portion of PAIgG accounts for a decreased @entity7027 , and that the concentration of PAIgG per se does not determine the platelet sequestration type.

title: Platelet associated IgG, platelet survival, and platelet sequestration in XXXX states.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7027 :: ('MESH:D057768', 'Disease') :: ['mean life span', 'MLS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenias', 'thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenic']


abstract: The effects of castration on the synthesis (accumulation) of a major seminal vesicle secretory protein ( @entity71259 ) were examined in young adult @entity35 . In vitro incorporation of labeled @entity1522 into @entity71259 by minced tissue was monitored by immunological methods. Castration resulted in a large decrease in the differential synthesis of @entity71259 . A significant decrease in the relative incorporation of isotope into @entity71259 was evident within 3 days of castration, and by 4 weeks relative incorporation dropped some 30-fold. These changes took place in the presence of a large generalized decline in protein synthesis so that incorporation into @entity71259 on an organ basis decreased by over 200-fold. @entity71259 messenger RNA levels were estimated by RNA excess solution hybridization using a cloned cDNA probe. Relative message levels declined after castration in harmony with the declines in @entity71259 synthesis. @entity71259 mRNA was decreased by a relative factor of approximately 20 and an absolute factor of approximately 200 in long-term (40-day) castrates. Accordingly, the seminal vesicle conforms to the general pattern of @entity134 regulated systems in which hormone withdrawal leads to differential decreases in the steady-state pool size for specific mRNAs. The seminal vesicle is unusual, however, in that a prolonged period is required for maximum differential effects to occur.

title: Effect of castration on the synthesis of seminal vesicle secretory protein IV in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated that @entity1082 is an etiologic agent for a subset of @entity135 associated with better prognosis, therefore, prompt confirmation of such etiology seems to be crucial for choosing the optimal therapeutic option. Standard HPV diagnosis is currently based on histopathological material. In the present study, the novel diagnostic method based on pharyngeal brush biopsy is proposed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the Real-Time PCR-based (RT-PCR) test in detecting HPV-related @entity5 of the oropharynx using superficial scraps taken from the oropharyngeal region. STUDY DESIGN: Ninety @entity1 with head and neck @entity1544 were enrolled in the study. The presence of HPV DNA in pharyngeal superficial scrapes assessed by RT-PCR was compared to the HPV status in the @entity5 tissue samples determined by a combined RT-PCR/ @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression algorithm. Analytical sensitivity and specificity were calculated and the clinical outcome was analyzed in correlation to the HPV status. RESULTS: HR-HPV DNA in pharyngeal swabs was revealed in 25 cases (28.4%) and simultaneously confirmed in all corresponding tissue samples. Sensitivity and specificity of the viral status assessment in the brush biopsies in respect to the RT-PCR/ @entity986 ( @entity986 ) 20 were 100% and 96.2%, respectively. HR-HPV positive status was associated with an excellent clinical outcome and reduced hazard ratio of recurrence and @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The proposed novel method of HPV status assessment using RT-PCR and superficial scraps appeared to be highly sensitive, specific, and useful in predicting the clinical outcome.

title: XXXX DNA in pharyngeal scrapes as a marker of HPV-related @entity1544 of the oropharynx.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['disease-related death']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human papillomavirus']