abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a system of prehospital thrombolysis, delivered by paramedics, in meeting the national service framework's targets for the management of @entity583 . DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study comparing @entity1 with suspected @entity583 considered for thrombolysis in the prehospital environment with @entity1 treated in hospital. SETTING: The catchment area of a large teaching hospital, including urban and rural areas. @entity1 : 201 @entity1 presenting concurrently over a 12 month period who had changes to the electrocardiogram that were diagnostic of @entity583 or who received thrombolysis for suspected @entity583 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time from first medical contact to initiation of thrombolysis (call to needle time), number of @entity1 given thrombolysis appropriately, and all cause mortality in hospital. RESULTS: The median call to needle time for @entity1 treated before arriving in hospital (n=28) was 52 (95% confidence interval 41 to 62) minutes. @entity1 from similar rural areas who were treated in hospital (n=43) had a median time of 125 (104 to 140) minutes. This represents a median time saved of 73 minutes (P < 0.001). Sixty minutes after medical contact 64% of @entity1 (18/28) treated before arrival in hospital had received thrombolysis; this compares with 4% of @entity1 (2/43) in a cohort from similar areas. Median call to needle time for @entity1 from urban areas (n=107) was 80 (78 to 93) minutes. @entity583 was confirmed in 89% of @entity1 (25/28) who had received prehospital thrombolysis; this compares with 92% (138/150) in the two groups of @entity1 receiving thrombolysis in hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Thrombolysis delivered by paramedics with support from the base hospital can meet the national targets for early thrombolysis. The system has been shown to work well and can be introduced without delay.

title: Prospective observational cohort study of time saved by prehospital thrombolysis for ST elevation XXXX delivered by paramedics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Family presence during invasive procedures (IPs) is infrequent in Spanish @entity341 ( @entity341 ), despite the benefits of family presence. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the proportion of relatives who wish to be present during IP, to determine the percentage of relatives who stayed during IP in our PED, and to evaluate parental @entity148 . METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out in a PED of an urban, tertiary-care university-affiliated hospital in Barcelona (Spain). A written survey was given to the relatives of @entity1 who were admitted to the PED during the month of November 2009. RESULTS: Of the 365 given questionnaires, 213 (58.4%) were completed. Ninety-nine percent of surveys were answered by the parents. Mean age of respondents was 37 years (74.6% were @entity1 ). IPs were performed on 73.3% of @entity1 , and 97.4% of IPs were performed in the presence of relatives. Parents were present during blood sampling (98%), urethral catheterizations (97%), lumbar punctures (LP; 72%), simple wound repair (62%), and @entity174 reductions (37%). Parents wanted to stay during blood sampling (98%), urethral catheterization (89.9%), LP (82.4%), simple wound repair (88.6%), and @entity174 reduction (86.5%). Respondents (51.6%) believed that parents should decide on their own whether their presence was desirable. Parents were least anxious during blood sampling and were most nervous during LP. CONCLUSION: Most of the parents wish to stay beside their @entity1 during IPs. In our PED, parents were present for more than 95% of IPs. The more invasive the procedure is, the more anxious parents feel.

title: Parental presence during invasive procedures in a Spanish pediatric emergency department: incidence, perspectives, and related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['PEDs', 'pediatric emergency departments']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the performance of PCR for the diagnosis of smear-negative @entity1907 (SPT) and to identify factors that account for differences in the diagnostic accuracy of different studies. Studies published before February 2002 were included if sensitivity and specificity of PCR in smear-negative respiratory or gastric-aspirate specimens could be calculated. Analysis was conducted by using summary receiver operating characteristics models. Sensitivity and specificity ranged from 9 to 100% and from 25 to 100%, respectively. Fewer than 40% of the 50 studies reported results by number of @entity1 , reported clinical characteristics of @entity1 , or used as a reference standard combined culture and clinical criteria. Studies that included bronchial specimens showed higher accuracy than studies that evaluated only sputum specimens or included gastric aspirates. Studies that did not report that tests were applied blindly showed higher accuracy than those reporting blind testing. Increased sensitivity due to the use of DNA purification methods was associated with decreased specificity. Studies published after 1995, using Amplicor or @entity1977 -UNG, were associated with an increase in specificity at the expense of lower sensitivity. We concluded that PCR is not consistently accurate enough to be routinely recommended for the diagnosis of SPT. However, PCR of bronchial specimens could be useful in highly suspicious SPT cases. Studies not reporting blind testing are likely to overestimate accuracy of PCR. Future evaluation of PCR accuracy should be conducted by @entity1 and type of respiratory specimen, blindly, by using a reference standard that combines culture and clinical criteria and addresses the issue of how @entity1 characteristics affect PCR accuracy.

title: Assessment by meta-analysis of PCR for diagnosis of smear-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: This report summarizes follow-up studies in 18 @entity1 who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for @entity774 . Three of these @entity1 were young @entity1 with null/null mutations of @entity4414 , and the other 15 were adrenalectomized because of difficulties in their management on conventional therapy. The average duration of follow-up was 59 months and represents an aggregate of 90 postoperative years. The adrenals were removed laparoscopically in 13 @entity1 and by open flank incisions in five. Adrenal crises associated with severe illnesses occurred in five @entity1 at times when their glucocorticoid substitution was suboptimal. All were responsive to appropriate therapy. Two of these @entity1 were young @entity1 who had @entity4053 during @entity1902 or @entity221 associated with poor @entity391 . Significant elevations of adrenal @entity134 precursors, presumably from ectopic adrenal rests, were observed postoperatively in eight of the @entity1 . @entity1 and parents were nearly unanimous in their enthusiasm for adrenalectomy. In most, signs of @entity342 excess have decreased, and @entity28 has become less of a problem with lowering the dose of glucocorticoid. We conclude that adrenalectomy is a safe and efficacious method of managing @entity774 in selected @entity1 . Prophylactic adrenalectomy in young @entity1 with double null mutations remains experimental.

title: The role of bilateral adrenalectomy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['food intake or vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']


abstract: Eight @entity9595 probands with HFE @entity14399 homozygosity had frequent, severe, or @entity281 and @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ) or immunoglobulin (Ig) G subclass deficiency (IgGSD). Thus, we performed serum Ig isotyping and other characterization of 43 additional unselected probands, 5 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical siblings, and 240 consecutive @entity6078 or IgGSD index @entity1 . @entity14399 allele frequencies were estimated in 58 @entity6078 or IgGSD index @entity1 without @entity9595 phenotypes and in 341 controls. @entity2149 haplotypes and frequencies were determined in all 51 probands, 186 @entity6078 or IgGSD index @entity1 without @entity9595 phenotypes, and 751 controls. Thirteen unselected probands (30%) had @entity6078 or IgGSD. Among all 21 @entity9595 probands with @entity6078 (n = 4) or IgGSD (n = 17), Ig subclass deficiency patterns were IgG(1) (n = 5), IgG(1) and @entity3172 (n = 6), @entity3172 (n = 9), and IgG(1), @entity3172 ), and IgG(4) (n = 1). IgG(2) or @entity7491 was not detected; one proband had @entity23694 . Mean values of total IgG, IgG(1), and @entity3172 were significantly lower in probands with @entity6078 or IgGSD. Mean values of age, @entity69 saturation, and ferritin at diagnosis and phlebotomy units required to induce @entity68 depletion were similar in probands with or without @entity6078 or IgGSD; phlebotomy had no apparent effect on IgG levels. @entity14399 frequencies were similar in @entity6078 or IgGSD index cases without @entity9595 phenotypes and in controls. There was concordance of Ig and @entity9595 phenotypes in probands and respective HLA-identical siblings. Eight of 240 @entity6078 or IgGSD index @entity1 had @entity9595 phenotypes and @entity14399 homozygosity (3 vs 0.7% and 0.2% controls; P < 0.0001, respectively). The frequency of A*03-B*07 was greater in @entity6078 and IgGSD index cases without @entity9595 phenotypes than in controls (0.0968 vs 0.0546, respectively; P = 0.0032). @entity1529 *03-B*07 was the predominant haplotype in probands grouped by presence or absence of @entity6078 or IgGSD. Some probands in each group were A*03-B*07 homozygotes; group A*03-B*07 frequencies were similar. We conclude that serum IgG abnormalities characteristic of @entity6078 or IgGSD are common in @entity9595 probands, and that the prevalence of @entity9595 is increased in @entity6078 and IgGSD index cases. These observations could be explained by the increased frequencies of @entity1529 *03-B*07 in @entity14399 homozygotes and in @entity6078 and IgGSD, and by the common occurrence of putative @entity6078 or IgGSD allele(s) on haplotypes bearing @entity14399 .

title: Common variable immunodeficiency and IgG subclass deficiency in central XXXX probands homozygous for HFE @entity14399 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6078 :: ('MESH:D017074', 'Disease') :: ['common variable immunodeficiency', 'CVID']

entities_list: @entity23694 :: ('MESH:D053307', 'Disease') :: ['IgM deficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['unusual infections']

entities_list: @entity7491 :: ('MESH:D017098', 'Disease') :: ['IgA deficiency']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity9595 :: (MESH:D006432,Disease) :: ['Alabama hemochromatosis']


abstract: Eight @entity9595 probands with HFE @entity14399 homozygosity had frequent, severe, or @entity281 and @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ) or immunoglobulin (Ig) G subclass deficiency (IgGSD). Thus, we performed serum Ig isotyping and other characterization of 43 additional unselected probands, 5 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical siblings, and 240 consecutive @entity6078 or IgGSD index @entity1 . @entity14399 allele frequencies were estimated in 58 @entity6078 or IgGSD index @entity1 without @entity9595 phenotypes and in 341 controls. @entity2149 haplotypes and frequencies were determined in all 51 probands, 186 @entity6078 or IgGSD index @entity1 without @entity9595 phenotypes, and 751 controls. Thirteen unselected probands (30%) had @entity6078 or IgGSD. Among all 21 @entity9595 probands with @entity6078 (n = 4) or IgGSD (n = 17), Ig subclass deficiency patterns were IgG(1) (n = 5), IgG(1) and @entity3172 (n = 6), @entity3172 (n = 9), and IgG(1), @entity3172 ), and IgG(4) (n = 1). IgG(2) or @entity7491 was not detected; one proband had @entity23694 . Mean values of total IgG, IgG(1), and @entity3172 were significantly lower in probands with @entity6078 or IgGSD. Mean values of age, @entity69 saturation, and ferritin at diagnosis and phlebotomy units required to induce @entity68 depletion were similar in probands with or without @entity6078 or IgGSD; phlebotomy had no apparent effect on IgG levels. @entity14399 frequencies were similar in @entity6078 or IgGSD index cases without @entity9595 phenotypes and in controls. There was concordance of Ig and @entity9595 phenotypes in probands and respective HLA-identical siblings. Eight of 240 @entity6078 or IgGSD index @entity1 had @entity9595 phenotypes and @entity14399 homozygosity (3 vs 0.7% and 0.2% controls; P < 0.0001, respectively). The frequency of A*03-B*07 was greater in @entity6078 and IgGSD index cases without @entity9595 phenotypes than in controls (0.0968 vs 0.0546, respectively; P = 0.0032). @entity1529 *03-B*07 was the predominant haplotype in probands grouped by presence or absence of @entity6078 or IgGSD. Some probands in each group were A*03-B*07 homozygotes; group A*03-B*07 frequencies were similar. We conclude that serum IgG abnormalities characteristic of @entity6078 or IgGSD are common in @entity9595 probands, and that the prevalence of @entity9595 is increased in @entity6078 and IgGSD index cases. These observations could be explained by the increased frequencies of @entity1529 *03-B*07 in @entity14399 homozygotes and in @entity6078 and IgGSD, and by the common occurrence of putative @entity6078 or IgGSD allele(s) on haplotypes bearing @entity14399 .

title: Common variable immunodeficiency and IgG subclass deficiency in central @entity9595 probands homozygous for HFE XXXX .

answer: @entity14399 :: (p|SUB|C|282|Y,ProteinMutation) :: ['C282Y']


abstract: Integrated chemotherapy of neglected @entity66 (NTD) through mass drug administration given as a single dose would increase treatment coverage and cost-effectiveness. This study reports on the safety of a combination of @entity3753 , @entity3070 and @entity2039 in the treatment of @entity3754 ( @entity3754 ), @entity2040 and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) in infected @entity1 . In this randomised, controlled, single-blinded clinical trial conducted in 235 primary school @entity1 aged 5-18 years in Yumbe District in Northern Uganda, the triple combination therapy was compared with the current NTD programme regimen. Liver function testing was performed for all @entity1 who received combined therapy. The study included 48 @entity1 with @entity3754 alone, 60 @entity1 with @entity2040 ( @entity380 ), 41 @entity1 with STH, 49 @entity1 with @entity2040 + @entity3754 and 37 @entity1 with all three types of @entity281 . @entity1 were closely monitored by a paediatrician for any adverse reactions for 7 days. No serious adverse events were experienced. However, 4 of 18 @entity1 in the test group and 2 of 3 @entity1 in the control group who did not report any ill conditions before treatment developed @entity137 . The combined and conventional therapies were found to be equally safe. The efficacies of both therapies were comparable and satisfactory. [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01050517].

title: A randomised controlled clinical trial on the safety of co-administration of XXXX , @entity3070 and @entity2039 in infected schoolchildren in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tropical diseases']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis', 'LF']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity3753 :: (MESH:D015766,Chemical) :: ['albendazole']


abstract: Integrated chemotherapy of neglected @entity66 (NTD) through mass drug administration given as a single dose would increase treatment coverage and cost-effectiveness. This study reports on the safety of a combination of @entity3753 , @entity3070 and @entity2039 in the treatment of @entity3754 ( @entity3754 ), @entity2040 and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) in infected @entity1 . In this randomised, controlled, single-blinded clinical trial conducted in 235 primary school @entity1 aged 5-18 years in Yumbe District in Northern Uganda, the triple combination therapy was compared with the current NTD programme regimen. Liver function testing was performed for all @entity1 who received combined therapy. The study included 48 @entity1 with @entity3754 alone, 60 @entity1 with @entity2040 ( @entity380 ), 41 @entity1 with STH, 49 @entity1 with @entity2040 + @entity3754 and 37 @entity1 with all three types of @entity281 . @entity1 were closely monitored by a paediatrician for any adverse reactions for 7 days. No serious adverse events were experienced. However, 4 of 18 @entity1 in the test group and 2 of 3 @entity1 in the control group who did not report any ill conditions before treatment developed @entity137 . The combined and conventional therapies were found to be equally safe. The efficacies of both therapies were comparable and satisfactory. [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01050517].

title: A randomised controlled clinical trial on the safety of co-administration of @entity3753 , @entity3070 and XXXX in infected schoolchildren in Uganda.

answer: @entity2039 :: (MESH:D011223,Chemical) :: ['praziquantel']


abstract: Integrated chemotherapy of neglected @entity66 (NTD) through mass drug administration given as a single dose would increase treatment coverage and cost-effectiveness. This study reports on the safety of a combination of @entity3753 , @entity3070 and @entity2039 in the treatment of @entity3754 ( @entity3754 ), @entity2040 and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) in infected @entity1 . In this randomised, controlled, single-blinded clinical trial conducted in 235 primary school @entity1 aged 5-18 years in Yumbe District in Northern Uganda, the triple combination therapy was compared with the current NTD programme regimen. Liver function testing was performed for all @entity1 who received combined therapy. The study included 48 @entity1 with @entity3754 alone, 60 @entity1 with @entity2040 ( @entity380 ), 41 @entity1 with STH, 49 @entity1 with @entity2040 + @entity3754 and 37 @entity1 with all three types of @entity281 . @entity1 were closely monitored by a paediatrician for any adverse reactions for 7 days. No serious adverse events were experienced. However, 4 of 18 @entity1 in the test group and 2 of 3 @entity1 in the control group who did not report any ill conditions before treatment developed @entity137 . The combined and conventional therapies were found to be equally safe. The efficacies of both therapies were comparable and satisfactory. [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01050517].

title: A randomised controlled clinical trial on the safety of co-administration of @entity3753 , XXXX and @entity2039 in infected schoolchildren in Uganda.

answer: @entity3070 :: (MESH:D007559,Chemical) :: ['ivermectin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of @entity5 is not solely a consequence of loss of proliferation constraints but also involves loss of cellular differentiation, defined histopathologically as grade. Although @entity5 grade is an independent prognostic marker for @entity189 ( @entity189 ), the molecular events underpinning the loss of urothelial differentiation are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of gene alterations implicated in @entity189 development on the ability of @entity1 urothelial cells to undergo molecular differentiation and form a functional urothelial barrier. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Laboratory study. INTERVENTION: Normal @entity1 urothelial (NHU) cell cultures were transduced with recombinant retroviruses to produce stable sublines overexpressing wild-type or oncogenic mutated @entity2557 or @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ). Previously generated NHU sublines carrying dominant-negative CDK4 and p53 mutant genes or immortalised with the @entity1799 E6 oncoprotein were included. MEASUREMENTS: The activity of introduced transgenes was demonstrated by comparing phenotypes of transgene-expressing and isogenic control NHU cells. Modified and control sublines were compared for changes in generational potential (life span) and capacity to respond to differentiation-inducing signals by transcript expression of uroplakins 2 and 3. The ability to form a barrier epithelium was assessed by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: By contrast to @entity5 suppressor loss of function or oncogene overactivation, @entity2215 overexpression alone led to life span extension and immortalisation. The @entity2215 immortalised cells carried no gross genomic alterations but became progressively insensitive to differentiation signals and lost the ability to form an epithelial barrier. Further characterisation of @entity2215 cells revealed a downregulation of p16 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor expression and loss of responsiveness to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y, providing mechanistic explanations for the subjugation of senescence constraints and the abrogation of differentiation capability, respectively. Although immortalised urothelial cell lines without karyotypic aberrations may be generated, such cell lines are compromised in terms of differentiation and functional capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of @entity2215 promotes development of an immortalised differentiation-insensitive urothelial cell phenotype. Although such cells offer a useful insight into the grade/stage paradigm of @entity189 , they have limited value for investigating normal urothelial cell/tissue biology and physiology.

title: Immortalisation of normal XXXX urothelial cells compromises differentiation capacity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2557 :: ('2261', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor receptor 3']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1799 :: ('333760', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus 16']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2517 ( @entity2517 ) represents commonly occurring, atypical keratinocytic proliferations confined to the epidermis. While it is the standard of care to destroy @entity2517 , few advances have been made to the traditional approaches of physical ablation (e.g. cryosurgery, curettage) and chemotherapeutics (e.g. topical @entity1487 ). The recent advances in photodynamic therapy ( @entity4906 ) with 20% @entity8454 (ALA) offer a novel, safe, and effective approach to @entity2517 therapy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 20% ALA solution and blue light for the treatment of multiple facial @entity2517 . @entity1 /METHODS: A total of 32 @entity1 were offered either partial treatment (i.e. individual target lesions treated) or confluent treatment (i.e. entire region treated). At 15-20 hours after ALA solution application, treated areas were exposed to visible blue light for 16 minutes and 40 seconds. RESULTS: ALA/ @entity4906 treatment resulted in a rapid resolution of multiple @entity2517 lesions with a limited period of associated photosensitivity. Side effects experienced by individual @entity1 were found to be influenced by a number of factors: use of analgesic and topical anesthetic agents, body region treated, partial versus confluent treatment, and light exposure time. CONCLUSION: Twenty per cent ALA/ @entity4906 offers a safe, effective, and cost-efficient means of managing multiple @entity2517 lesions per treatment session with a low recurrence rate. In addition to a favorable tolerability profile, most @entity1 also achieved an improvement in skin texture.

title: ALA/ XXXX in the treatment of actinic keratosis: spot versus confluent therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2517 :: ('MESH:D055623', 'Disease') :: ['AK', 'Actinic keratosis']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4906 :: (MESH:C008848,Chemical) :: ['PDT']


abstract: There is little understanding of the factors controlling the mobilization of blast cells from bone marrow to peripheral blood and tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the soluble hepatocyte growth factor (sHGF) and @entity7 (sVEGF) levels in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and to correlate these levels with the clinico-pathological features. Sixty-three @entity1 with @entity3052 and 15 normal controls were included in this study. The levels of sHGF and sVEGF were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay at diagnosis and after remission induction chemotherapy. Our results revealed significantly increased plasma levels of sHGF and sVEGF at diagnosis when compared to both control and remission levels (P=0.000 for both). The sHGF and sVEGF levels differed between @entity3052 FAB subtypes (P=0.000). The highest concentrations were found in M5 followed by M4. SHGF and sVEGF were directly correlated with peripheral white cell counts (WBC) (r=0.836, P=0.000, r=0.718; P=0.000, respectively), but inversely correlated with blast cell distribution ratio (BCDR) (r=-0.785, P=0.000, r=-0.664, P=0.000, respectively). Moreover, both sHGF and sVEGF levels were significantly elevated in @entity3052 @entity1 with extra-medullary infiltration as compared to those without (P=0.000, 0.006, respectively). The sHGF but not sVEGF levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 who died compared to those who relapsed and to @entity1 in complete remission (P=0.02, 0.08, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the sHGF level at diagnoses is a powerful predictor of the @entity1 outcome, compared to sVEGF. IN CONCLUSION: our data support the hypothesis that angiogenic factors play a functional role in blast cell movement from the bone marrow to peripheral tissues. Assessment of sHGF at @entity3052 diagnosis is likely to be helpful in predicting @entity1 outcome and selecting optimal therapeutic regimen.

title: Soluble XXXX (sVEGF) in adult @entity3052 : relationship to disease characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['hepatocyte growth factor (sHGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: There is little understanding of the factors controlling the mobilization of blast cells from bone marrow to peripheral blood and tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the soluble hepatocyte growth factor (sHGF) and @entity7 (sVEGF) levels in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and to correlate these levels with the clinico-pathological features. Sixty-three @entity1 with @entity3052 and 15 normal controls were included in this study. The levels of sHGF and sVEGF were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay at diagnosis and after remission induction chemotherapy. Our results revealed significantly increased plasma levels of sHGF and sVEGF at diagnosis when compared to both control and remission levels (P=0.000 for both). The sHGF and sVEGF levels differed between @entity3052 FAB subtypes (P=0.000). The highest concentrations were found in M5 followed by M4. SHGF and sVEGF were directly correlated with peripheral white cell counts (WBC) (r=0.836, P=0.000, r=0.718; P=0.000, respectively), but inversely correlated with blast cell distribution ratio (BCDR) (r=-0.785, P=0.000, r=-0.664, P=0.000, respectively). Moreover, both sHGF and sVEGF levels were significantly elevated in @entity3052 @entity1 with extra-medullary infiltration as compared to those without (P=0.000, 0.006, respectively). The sHGF but not sVEGF levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 who died compared to those who relapsed and to @entity1 in complete remission (P=0.02, 0.08, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the sHGF level at diagnoses is a powerful predictor of the @entity1 outcome, compared to sVEGF. IN CONCLUSION: our data support the hypothesis that angiogenic factors play a functional role in blast cell movement from the bone marrow to peripheral tissues. Assessment of sHGF at @entity3052 diagnosis is likely to be helpful in predicting @entity1 outcome and selecting optimal therapeutic regimen.

title: Soluble @entity7 (sVEGF) in adult XXXX : relationship to disease characteristics.

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which participation in a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme and @entity1 characteristics predict improvement in community integration following mild-to-moderate @entity131 ( @entity131 ). RESEARCH DESIGN: A non-randomized case-control study was conducted employing a pre-test-post-test multiple regression design. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Archival data for 42 @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity131 who completed the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) at intake and again 6-18 months later were analysed. Half the sample participated in an intensive outpatient rehabilitation programme that provided multi-modal interventions, while the other half received no rehabilitation. The two groups were matched on age, education and time since injury. RESULTS: On the CIQ Home Integration scale, participation in rehabilitation and female gender predicted better outcome. On the Productivity scale, @entity1 with a lower age at injury had better outcome. Outcome on both of these scales, as well as on the Social Integration scale, was predicted by the baseline pre-test score (initial severity). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, multidisciplinary rehabilitation appeared to increase personal independence. It is also concluded that: (1) multivariate analysis can reveal the relative importance of multiple predictors of outcome; (2) different predictors may predict different aspects of outcome; and (3) more sensitive and specific outcome measures are needed.

title: Community integration following multidisciplinary rehabilitation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury', 'TBI']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of laminectomy in the surgical treatment of @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ) is established even though postoperative cervical sagittal balance changes and a risk for long-term instability have been described. The aim of the present study is to investigate its clinical efficacy and the radiological outcome in the long-term. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed consecutive cases of @entity1 with @entity3799 , who underwent cervical laminectomy between 1995 and 2010 at the Hospital S  o Jo  o (n = 106). Clinical files were consulted, and the @entity1 reassessed in order to collect information on complaints, previous @entity51 , surgery and its complications. Subjective and objective clinical evaluation (by three @entity602 scores) and imaging studies were undertaken in order to assess the long-term cervical sagittal curvature and presence of instability. RESULTS: After applying exclusion criteria, 57 @entity1 were able to complete the follow-up. A favorable statistically significant difference was obtained when comparing clinical scores. Ninety-one percent of @entity1 were satisfied with the outcome of the surgery. Only 1 @entity1 developed @entity1513 according to Ishihara index and none according to the method of Matsumoto. Four @entity1 developed subclinical cervical instability. No clinical-imaging correlation was found. CONCLUSIONS: If @entity1 are properly selected cervical laminectomy without additional instrumentation is effective in offering a clinical improvement to @entity1 with @entity3799 with a low incidence of clinically significant radiological deterioration.

title: Long-term clinical and radiological follow-up after laminectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['CSM', 'cervical spondylotic myelopathy']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['cervical spondylotic myelopathy']


abstract: Non-O1, non-O139 @entity1838 (NOVC) are increasingly frequently observed ubiquitous microorganisms occasionally responsible for @entity1944 . Most cases involve self-limiting @entity1902 or ear and wound @entity281 in immunocompetent @entity1 . @entity582 , which have been described in @entity1 with predisposing factors, are rare and poorly known, both on the clinical and therapeutic aspects. We describe a case of NOVC @entity582 and a systematic literature review in PubMed conducted up to November 2014 using a combination of the following search terms: " @entity1838 @entity3257 ". The case was a 70  year-old healthy male subject returning from Senegal and suffering from NOVC @entity582 associated with @entity5572 . Disease evolution was favourable after 2  months' therapy ( @entity2756 then @entity2177 ). Three hundred and fifty cases of NOVC @entity582 have been identified in the literature. The majority of @entity1 were male (77  %), with a median age of 56  years and presenting with predisposing conditions (96  %), such as @entity82 (55  %) or @entity5 (20  %). @entity294 was inconstant (42  %). Mortality was 33  %. The source of @entity281 , identified in only 25  % of cases, was seafood consumption (54  %) or contaminated water (30  %). Practitioners should be aware of these @entity281 , in order to warn @entity1 with predisposing conditions, on the risk of ingesting raw or undercooked seafood or bathing in potentially infected waters.

title: Non-O1, non-O139 XXXX @entity582 : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal and extra-intestinal infections']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscesses']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteraemia', 'bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-O1" and "bacter(a)emia']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']


abstract: Non-O1, non-O139 @entity1838 (NOVC) are increasingly frequently observed ubiquitous microorganisms occasionally responsible for @entity1944 . Most cases involve self-limiting @entity1902 or ear and wound @entity281 in immunocompetent @entity1 . @entity582 , which have been described in @entity1 with predisposing factors, are rare and poorly known, both on the clinical and therapeutic aspects. We describe a case of NOVC @entity582 and a systematic literature review in PubMed conducted up to November 2014 using a combination of the following search terms: " @entity1838 @entity3257 ". The case was a 70  year-old healthy male subject returning from Senegal and suffering from NOVC @entity582 associated with @entity5572 . Disease evolution was favourable after 2  months' therapy ( @entity2756 then @entity2177 ). Three hundred and fifty cases of NOVC @entity582 have been identified in the literature. The majority of @entity1 were male (77  %), with a median age of 56  years and presenting with predisposing conditions (96  %), such as @entity82 (55  %) or @entity5 (20  %). @entity294 was inconstant (42  %). Mortality was 33  %. The source of @entity281 , identified in only 25  % of cases, was seafood consumption (54  %) or contaminated water (30  %). Practitioners should be aware of these @entity281 , in order to warn @entity1 with predisposing conditions, on the risk of ingesting raw or undercooked seafood or bathing in potentially infected waters.

title: Non-O1, non-O139 @entity1838 XXXX : case report and literature review.

answer: @entity582 :: (MESH:C531821,Disease) :: ['bacteraemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined the incidence of, and variables associated with, relocation @entity130 among 85 @entity1 who moved from long-stay @entity146 wards to community care units as part of a hospital closure in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS: Some @entity1 moved directly from wards and some moved first to transitional units on the hospital grounds. Preparation for the transition, such as visits to the community care unit before the move, was documented, and severity of symptoms, @entity146 , and preferences for living environments one month before and one month after the move were compared. Relocation @entity130 was measured one month after the move. After significant factors associated with @entity130 were determined, additional tests further discriminated these factors. RESULTS: Although 66 percent of @entity1 were happy with community care units one month after the move, 18 percent preferred hospital living. Of 81 @entity1 who had data on relocation @entity130 , 20, or 25 percent, met relocation @entity130 criteria. Preparation in a transitional unit reduced the likelihood of @entity130 , as did making six or more premove visits to the new facility and having a preparation period of more than 16 weeks. When preparation in a transitional unit, number of premove visits, and duration of preparation were considered together, only the number of premove visits and duration of preparation remained significantly associated with relocation @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: Adverse effects of relocation on long-stay @entity146 @entity1 may be minimized by the preparation of @entity1 over a period of four months or more, with inclusion of six or more visits to the new facility. Moving via a transitional environment is not essential.

title: Minimizing adverse effects on XXXX of involuntary relocation from long-stay wards to community residences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'aggressive behaviors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To report photographically the evolution of an @entity4607 of the left @entity1781 head over a 2-year follow-up in a @entity1 with @entity6391 . METHODS: A 14-year-old @entity1 was seen in the medical retina clinic with a 3-year history of @entity15535 . Best corrected visual acuity was 6/18 in both eyes. Colour vision was normal in both eyes and confrontation fields showed peripheral constriction. Fundus examination revealed bone spicule pigmentary changes at the retinal mid periphery typical of @entity6391 and superficial globules at the margins of both @entity1781 heads. Electrodiagnostic tests confirmed moderately severe @entity6391 with macular involvement bilaterally. RESULTS: Two years later, the ocular examination was unchanged except for the appearance of the @entity1781 @entity75 in the left eye. There was an increase in the size of the lesion which was diagnosed as an @entity4607 . Further investigations were recommended to exclude @entity4786 and @entity2916 . CONCLUSION: Astrocytic hamartomas of the @entity1781 head and @entity1781 head drusen have both been described in @entity1 with @entity6391 . They can be a diagnostic dilemma although drusen are more common (10%). To differentiate these two entities it is very important to document any growth during the follow-up period which is suggestive of @entity4607 rather than optic disc drusen.

title: Evolution of an Astrocytic Hamartoma of the Optic Nerve Head in a @entity1 with XXXX - Photographic Documentation over 2 Years of Follow-Up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity15535 :: ('MESH:D009755', 'Disease') :: ['night blindness']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['head lesion']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'rod cone dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytic hamartoma']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['Retinitis Pigmentosa']


abstract: AIM: To report photographically the evolution of an @entity4607 of the left @entity1781 head over a 2-year follow-up in a @entity1 with @entity6391 . METHODS: A 14-year-old @entity1 was seen in the medical retina clinic with a 3-year history of @entity15535 . Best corrected visual acuity was 6/18 in both eyes. Colour vision was normal in both eyes and confrontation fields showed peripheral constriction. Fundus examination revealed bone spicule pigmentary changes at the retinal mid periphery typical of @entity6391 and superficial globules at the margins of both @entity1781 heads. Electrodiagnostic tests confirmed moderately severe @entity6391 with macular involvement bilaterally. RESULTS: Two years later, the ocular examination was unchanged except for the appearance of the @entity1781 @entity75 in the left eye. There was an increase in the size of the lesion which was diagnosed as an @entity4607 . Further investigations were recommended to exclude @entity4786 and @entity2916 . CONCLUSION: Astrocytic hamartomas of the @entity1781 head and @entity1781 head drusen have both been described in @entity1 with @entity6391 . They can be a diagnostic dilemma although drusen are more common (10%). To differentiate these two entities it is very important to document any growth during the follow-up period which is suggestive of @entity4607 rather than optic disc drusen.

title: Evolution of an Astrocytic Hamartoma of the Optic Nerve Head in a XXXX with @entity6391 - Photographic Documentation over 2 Years of Follow-Up.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the long-term outcome hearing results following @entity5513 surgery. To determine whether changes, if any, in the thresholds of the operated ear are mirrored in the contralateral unoperated side. In addition, to identify predictive factors, if any, that may predispose individuals to @entity393 in the operated ear in the late post-operative period. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective @entity1 chart review. SETTING: University Tertiary Referral Centre. @entity1 : From 1978 to 1997, one hundred and twenty six @entity1 with small @entity5513 (less than 2 cm as measured within in the cerebellopontine angle) underwent excision via the suboccipital (retrosigmoid) approach with the @entity1 in the prone position. Hearing preservation was successful in 43 @entity1 (34.1%). The audiometric data of thirty @entity1 with a minimum follow-up interval of 36 months was analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 113.4 months (range 36-264, SD=57.8) and the mean age at surgery was 47.3 years (range 32 to 64, SD = 7.3). OUTCOME MEASURES: Speech Reception Thresholds (SRT), Speech Discrimination Scores (SDS) and Pure-tone Audiometry ( @entity865 , 0.5, 1 _ 2 kHz) were noted on the operated and unoperated ears. The AAO Classification according to the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium guidelines for the evaluation of hearing preservation in @entity5513 was used to assess hearing serviceability. RESULTS: Subsequent to including corresponding changes in the unoperated ear, the means of the SRT and @entity865 in the operated ear between the early and late post-operative periods were statistically significantly different (p=0.0012 _ 0.034 respectively). Twelve (40%) @entity1 demonstrated significant deterioration in hearing thresholds over time. Pre-operatively, 96.7% of @entity1 had serviceable hearing (Class A _ B). This falls to 76.6% in the early post-operative period and to 56.7% in the late post-operative period. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the finding that over time a significant number of individuals realize a greater ongoing @entity393 in the post @entity5 excision ear than the contralateral ear.

title: XXXX surgery: the results of long-term hearing preservation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas', 'acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['Acoustic neuroma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aging produces body changes such as redistribution of fat and loss of muscle mass and strength, predisposing to @entity73 and disability. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between body profile and physical and cognitive function by age in in ambulatory elderly @entity1 from the city of C  rdoba. METHODS: 178 healthy older @entity1 (OW) >= 60 years free living were evaluated attending centers of retirees and day homes in the city of C  rdoba. We evaluated body profile from: skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), relative body adiposity (RBA) -dual X-ray absorptiometry- and @entity121 ( @entity121 ) -dynamometry-. Categories: normal/(N) @entity6288 /(SP), @entity28 /(OB), @entity28 /(SO); Physical function: with/without physical limitation (PL); cognitive function: with/without @entity73 ( @entity73 ). INSTRUMENTS: Lunar Prodigy Densitometer and Smedley dynamometer, Lawton and Brody and Minimental Examination of Folstein scales. RESULTS: SO prevailed and increased with age, contrary to OB. Most of the OW did not PL or @entity73 . Only 2.25% had low SMMI and 48.3% dynapenia. 76.97% had elevated RBA. The SP - obese or not - had greater PL and @entity73 . @entity73 frequency doubled to PL (15.17% versus 6.74%). We found negative correlations and significant associations between age and @entity121 (r= -0.279; p=0.0001), physical function (r=-0.164; p=0.0283) and cognitive function (r=-0.028; p=0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: In this group of healthy OW the dynapenia was responsible for the observed SP, not low SMMI. The OW with SP had more PL and @entity73 , and increased with age.

title: [Body profile and physical and cognitive function by age in ambulatory elderly XXXX from the city of C  rdoba].

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenic obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'fragility, functional impairment', 'CI']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'muscle strength']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Lipids are constantly shuttled through the body to redistribute energy and metabolites between sites of absorption, storage, and catabolism in a complex homeostatic equilibrium. In @entity238 , lipids are transported through the hemolymph in the form of lipoprotein particles, known as lipophorins. The mechanisms by which cells interact with circulating lipophorins and acquire their lipidic cargo are poorly understood. We have found that @entity72926 ( @entity72927 and @entity72928 ), two partially redundant genes belonging to the @entity72928 ( @entity72928 ) family, are essential for the efficient uptake and accumulation of neutral lipids by oocytes and cells of the imaginal discs. Females lacking the @entity72928 gene lay eggs with low lipid content and have reduced fertility, revealing a central role for @entity72928 in mediating @entity238 vitellogenesis. @entity72927 and @entity72928 are transcribed into multiple isoforms. Interestingly, only a subset of these isoforms containing a particular @entity72928 type A module mediate neutral lipid uptake. Expression of these isoforms induces the extracellular stabilization of lipophorins. Furthermore, our data indicate that endocytosis of the lipophorin receptors is not required to mediate the uptake of neutral lipids. These findings suggest a model where lipophorin receptors promote the extracellular lipolysis of lipophorins. This model is reminiscent of the lipolytic processing of @entity412 -rich lipoproteins that occurs at the @entity1 capillary endothelium, suggesting an ancient role for @entity72928 -like proteins in this process.

title: XXXX lipophorin receptors mediate the uptake of neutral lipids in oocytes and imaginal disc cells by an endocytosis-independent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity72928 :: ('43105(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['lpr2', 'LDLR', 'Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: @entity2926 is a potentially fatal @entity2927 in @entity1 and animals caused by pathogenic spirochetes, such as @entity2928 . The mode of transmission is commonly limited to the exposure of mucous membrane or damaged skin to water contaminated by leptospires shed in the urine of carriers, such as @entity35 . Infection occurs during seasonal flooding of impoverished tropical urban habitats with large @entity35 populations, but also during recreational activity in open water, suggesting it is very efficient. LigA and LigB are surface localized proteins in pathogenic @entity2928 strains with properties that could facilitate the @entity281 of damaged skin. Their expression is rapidly induced by the increase in osmolarity encountered by leptospires upon transition from water to host. In addition, the immunoglobulin-like repeats of the Lig proteins bind proteins that mediate attachment to host tissue, such as fibronectin, fibrinogen, collagens, laminin, and elastin, some of which are important in cutaneous wound healing and repair. Hemostasis is critical in a @entity130 , where fibrinogen from damaged vasculature mediates coagulation. We show that fibrinogen binding by recombinant LigB inhibits fibrin formation, which could aid leptospiral entry into the circulation, dissemination, and further @entity281 by impairing healing. LigB also binds fibroblast fibronectin and type III collagen, two proteins prevalent in wound repair, thus potentially enhancing leptospiral adhesion to skin openings. LigA or LigB expression by transformation of a nonpathogenic saprophyte, @entity27059 , enhances bacterial adhesion to fibrinogen. Our results suggest that by binding homeostatic proteins found in cutaneous wounds, LigB could facilitate leptospirosis transmission. Both fibronectin and fibrinogen binding have been mapped to an overlapping domain in LigB comprising repeats 9-11, with repeat 11 possibly enhancing binding by a conformational effect. @entity2926 patient antibodies react with the LigB domain, suggesting applications in diagnosis and vaccines that are currently limited by the strain-specific leptospiral lipopolysaccharide coats.

title: The multifunctional LigB adhesin binds homeostatic proteins with potential roles in cutaneous @entity281 by pathogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['Leptospirosis']

entities_list: @entity2928 :: ('173', 'Species') :: ['Leptospira interrogans', 'Leptospira']

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['fresh injury']

answer: @entity2928 :: (173,Species) :: ['Leptospira interrogans']


abstract: @entity2926 is a potentially fatal @entity2927 in @entity1 and animals caused by pathogenic spirochetes, such as @entity2928 . The mode of transmission is commonly limited to the exposure of mucous membrane or damaged skin to water contaminated by leptospires shed in the urine of carriers, such as @entity35 . Infection occurs during seasonal flooding of impoverished tropical urban habitats with large @entity35 populations, but also during recreational activity in open water, suggesting it is very efficient. LigA and LigB are surface localized proteins in pathogenic @entity2928 strains with properties that could facilitate the @entity281 of damaged skin. Their expression is rapidly induced by the increase in osmolarity encountered by leptospires upon transition from water to host. In addition, the immunoglobulin-like repeats of the Lig proteins bind proteins that mediate attachment to host tissue, such as fibronectin, fibrinogen, collagens, laminin, and elastin, some of which are important in cutaneous wound healing and repair. Hemostasis is critical in a @entity130 , where fibrinogen from damaged vasculature mediates coagulation. We show that fibrinogen binding by recombinant LigB inhibits fibrin formation, which could aid leptospiral entry into the circulation, dissemination, and further @entity281 by impairing healing. LigB also binds fibroblast fibronectin and type III collagen, two proteins prevalent in wound repair, thus potentially enhancing leptospiral adhesion to skin openings. LigA or LigB expression by transformation of a nonpathogenic saprophyte, @entity27059 , enhances bacterial adhesion to fibrinogen. Our results suggest that by binding homeostatic proteins found in cutaneous wounds, LigB could facilitate leptospirosis transmission. Both fibronectin and fibrinogen binding have been mapped to an overlapping domain in LigB comprising repeats 9-11, with repeat 11 possibly enhancing binding by a conformational effect. @entity2926 patient antibodies react with the LigB domain, suggesting applications in diagnosis and vaccines that are currently limited by the strain-specific leptospiral lipopolysaccharide coats.

title: The multifunctional LigB adhesin binds homeostatic proteins with potential roles in cutaneous XXXX by pathogenic @entity2928 .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy has been reported to be an independent risk factor for 50% of @entity697 recorded in @entity1 younger than 45 years of age. The present epidemiologic study aimed to identify whether this putative association of pregnancy and acute type A dissection could be an artifact of selective reporting. METHODS: This population-based study was conducted in the City of Vienna, Austria, Europe, in an average female population of 34,1381 @entity1 in the age range of 15-45 years who were followed up between 1994 and 2004 (total of 3755.195 @entity1 -years of observation). During this study, the incidence, management, and outcome of acute type A dissection were determined. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (mean age: 38.8 years, SD: 4.8) with @entity697 were identified, and an overall incidence of 0.4 case per 100000 @entity1 -years was estimated. The prehospital mortality rate was recorded to be 53%. Six @entity1 , including two @entity1 in late pregnancy (incidence: 0.05 cases per 100000 @entity1 -years), were treated successfully by surgical repair during deep hypothermic @entity1167 (in-hospital mortality rate: 6.6%). Pregnancy and @entity1580 were identified as events that were not related (RR: 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82-12.95; P=0.14). Observation during long-term follow-up was uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity1580 represents a rare pathology in @entity1 younger than 45 years of age; however, it is associated with a high rate of @entity944 . Pregnancy may not be a risk factor for this life-threatening vascular emergency. Immediate referral to surgery, even during pregnancy, will result in a prognosis of favorable outcome.

title: Acute XXXX and pregnancy: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissections', 'acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is frequently a lethal disease and one of the few @entity5 that is still increasing in incidence around the world. Better animal models are highly desired to investigate the molecular basis of @entity157 and to develop novel therapeutic strategies. @entity7007 ( @entity7007 ) gene is expressed in fetal liver, silenced soon after birth, and highly re-expressed in @entity157 ( @entity157 ). We aimed to take advantage of the dramatic re-expression of the @entity7007 gene in @entity157 to develop a hepatocarcinogenesis reporter (HCR) @entity19 model for @entity5748 , longitudinal in vivo imaging of @entity96 development, and progression. METHODS: Knock in @entity19 were established by placing a thymidinekinase (tk)-luciferase (luc) reporter gene cassette under the transcriptional control of the endogenous @entity7007 promoter. @entity108 , a liver carcinogen, was used to induce @entity96 , which was monitored by both luc-based bioluminescent (BL) and tk-based positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. RESULTS: The expression profile of luc was identical to that of the endogenous @entity7007 gene during development. As early as 2 months after the exposure to @entity108 , BLI revealed multifocal signals in the liver, long before the appearance of histologically apparent @entity1313 . By 6 months, BL and PET dual imaging showed strong signals in malignant @entity157 . By serendipity, a strong BL signal was also detected in adult testes, a previously unknown site of @entity7007 expression. CONCLUSIONS: The HCR model enables longitudinal monitoring of @entity96 development and progression, providing a powerful tool in developing chemoprevention and therapeutic strategies for @entity157 .

title: XXXX -thymidine kinase-luciferase knockin @entity19 : a novel model for dual modality longitudinal imaging of tumorigenesis in liver.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['dual-modality']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity7007 :: (11576(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Alpha-fetoprotein']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is frequently a lethal disease and one of the few @entity5 that is still increasing in incidence around the world. Better animal models are highly desired to investigate the molecular basis of @entity157 and to develop novel therapeutic strategies. @entity7007 ( @entity7007 ) gene is expressed in fetal liver, silenced soon after birth, and highly re-expressed in @entity157 ( @entity157 ). We aimed to take advantage of the dramatic re-expression of the @entity7007 gene in @entity157 to develop a hepatocarcinogenesis reporter (HCR) @entity19 model for @entity5748 , longitudinal in vivo imaging of @entity96 development, and progression. METHODS: Knock in @entity19 were established by placing a thymidinekinase (tk)-luciferase (luc) reporter gene cassette under the transcriptional control of the endogenous @entity7007 promoter. @entity108 , a liver carcinogen, was used to induce @entity96 , which was monitored by both luc-based bioluminescent (BL) and tk-based positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. RESULTS: The expression profile of luc was identical to that of the endogenous @entity7007 gene during development. As early as 2 months after the exposure to @entity108 , BLI revealed multifocal signals in the liver, long before the appearance of histologically apparent @entity1313 . By 6 months, BL and PET dual imaging showed strong signals in malignant @entity157 . By serendipity, a strong BL signal was also detected in adult testes, a previously unknown site of @entity7007 expression. CONCLUSIONS: The HCR model enables longitudinal monitoring of @entity96 development and progression, providing a powerful tool in developing chemoprevention and therapeutic strategies for @entity157 .

title: @entity7007 -thymidine kinase-luciferase knockin XXXX : a novel model for dual modality longitudinal imaging of tumorigenesis in liver.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this study, the individuals with @entity914 ' daily life function was investigated on six dimensions considering their relations to family burden. Functional ratings carried out by relatives and staff were also compared. METHODS: Totally 88 relatives, to as many individuals diagnosed with a @entity914 , participated in this study. Relatives were to rate their own perceived burden and their ill relatives' physical functioning, personal care skills, interpersonal relationships, social acceptability, activities, and work skills. The outpatient staff, in all 24 case managers also rated the @entity1 ' functional level on the same assessment tool as did the relatives. RESULTS: Most dimensions of @entity1 ' everyday functioning were highly correlated to relatives' burden. The two functional dimensions "interpersonal relationships" and "activities" were best at classifying burden when rated by relatives. Also, comparing independent functional ratings by relatives and staff showed that despite great agreements on most dimensions, they differed significantly on "social acceptability" where relatives rated the function to be poorer and "activities" where relatives rated the function to be better. CONCLUSIONS: Relatives, who perceive individuals with a @entity914 to be limited in their ability to interpersonal relationships and limited in their ability to activate in everyday life, are more likely to perceive a higher burden. Even though staff and relatives mainly agree on the @entity1 ' functional ability, they often differ in ratings regarding @entity1 ' social acceptability and ability to activate in everyday life. This should be worth considering in clinical practice as well as in future research.

title: Family burden and functional assessment in the Swedish CLIPS-study: do staff and relatives agree on individuals with XXXX ' functional status?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic disorders']


abstract: During @entity1575 cells become activated, transforming into proliferative myofibroblastic cells expressing type I collagen and @entity1918 . They become the major producers of the fibrotic neomatrix in injured liver. This study examines if activated stellate cells are a committed phenotype, or whether they can become deactivated by extracellular matrix. Stellate cells isolated from normal @entity35 liver proliferated and expressed mRNA for activation markers, @entity1918 , type I procollagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 following 5-7 day culture on plastic, but culture on Matrigel suppressed proliferation and mRNA expression. Activated stellate cells were recovered from plastic by trypsinisation and replated onto plastic, type I collagen films or Matrigel. Cells replated on plastic and type I collagen films proliferated and remained morphologically myofibroblastic, expressing @entity1918 and type I procollagen. However, activated cells replated on Matrigel showed <30% of the proliferative rate of these cells, and this was associated with reduced cellular expression of @entity1975 and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in response to serum. Activated HSC replated on Matrigel for 3-7 days progressively reduced their expression of mRNA for type I procollagen and @entity1918 and both became undetectable after 7 days. We conclude that basement membrane-like matrix induces deactivation of stellate cells. Deactivation represents an important potential mechanism mediating recovery from liver @entity82 in vivo where type I collagen is removed from the liver and stellate cells might re-acquire contact with their normal basement membrane-like pericellular matrix.

title: Basement membrane-like matrix inhibits proliferation and collagen synthesis by activated XXXX hepatic stellate cells: evidence for matrix-dependent deactivation of stellate cells.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis hepatic stellate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recalcitrant @entity15608 may indicate contact @entity566 . OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of @entity56 ( @entity56 ) in @entity1 with @entity15608 and to identify the most relevant allergens. METHODS: We used an institutional database to identify @entity1 with @entity15608 who underwent patch testing between January 1, 2001, and August 31, 2011, and conducted a retrospective review of patch test results in these @entity1 . Additional data were obtained from institutional electronic medical records. RESULTS: Ninety-one @entity1 (70 [77%] female; mean age: 51 years) were included in the study. Almost half (41 [45%]) had a final diagnosis of @entity56 . Patch testing was performed in line with universally accepted methods, with application on day 1, allergen removal and an initial reading on day 3, and the final reading on day 5. The allergens of most significance were fragrance mix, Myroxylon pereirae resin, @entity72929 , @entity48941 , and @entity13266 . @entity3406 was the most relevant metal allergen. CONCLUSIONS: Contact @entity566 is an important consideration in recalcitrant @entity10212 . Fragrances, antioxidants, and preservatives dominated the list of relevant allergens in our @entity1 . @entity3406 and gold were among the top 10 allergens. Almost half (45%) of these @entity1 had a final diagnosis of @entity56 . Patch testing beyond the oral complete series should be undertaken in any investigation of @entity15608 .

title: Contact @entity566 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13266 :: ('MESH:D019817', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity15608 :: ('MESH:C535669', 'Disease') :: ['non-actinic cheilitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'allergic contact cheilitis']

entities_list: @entity48941 :: ('MESH:C016627', 'Chemical') :: ['octyl gallate']

entities_list: @entity72929 :: ('MESH:C008259', 'Chemical') :: ['dodecyl gallate']

answer: @entity10212 :: (MESH:D002613,Disease) :: ['cheilitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recalcitrant @entity15608 may indicate contact @entity566 . OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of @entity56 ( @entity56 ) in @entity1 with @entity15608 and to identify the most relevant allergens. METHODS: We used an institutional database to identify @entity1 with @entity15608 who underwent patch testing between January 1, 2001, and August 31, 2011, and conducted a retrospective review of patch test results in these @entity1 . Additional data were obtained from institutional electronic medical records. RESULTS: Ninety-one @entity1 (70 [77%] female; mean age: 51 years) were included in the study. Almost half (41 [45%]) had a final diagnosis of @entity56 . Patch testing was performed in line with universally accepted methods, with application on day 1, allergen removal and an initial reading on day 3, and the final reading on day 5. The allergens of most significance were fragrance mix, Myroxylon pereirae resin, @entity72929 , @entity48941 , and @entity13266 . @entity3406 was the most relevant metal allergen. CONCLUSIONS: Contact @entity566 is an important consideration in recalcitrant @entity10212 . Fragrances, antioxidants, and preservatives dominated the list of relevant allergens in our @entity1 . @entity3406 and gold were among the top 10 allergens. Almost half (45%) of these @entity1 had a final diagnosis of @entity56 . Patch testing beyond the oral complete series should be undertaken in any investigation of @entity15608 .

title: Contact XXXX in @entity10212 .

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We examined the prognostic effect of the grading system based on the new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification in an Asian cohort of @entity1 with early-stage @entity2220 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with a @entity2220 less than 3cm in diameter that had undergone complete anatomic resection, diagnosed with pT1a-2aN0M0 consecutively from 2004 to 2013, were enrolled. All specimens were reviewed according to the new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. The growth patterns were divided into three major categories: grade 1 for lepidic growth, grade 2 for acinar and papillary patterns, and grade 3 for solid and micropapillary patterns. Each @entity5 was then graded according to the modified grading system, the final score being the sum of the two most predominant grades. The correlations of clinical and pathological factors with disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were evaluated. RESULTS: In total, 201 @entity420 were eligible for score grading. Only 37 (18.4%) @entity1 had a pure pathological growth pattern. Higher stage, greater @entity5 diameter, positive @entity3 , and a higher score were associated with shorter DFS. In contrast, stage no longer had a significant impact on @entity1349 in a multivariable analysis. @entity5 with a score of 3 or 4 were associated with better survival than those with a score of 5 (5-year DFS rate: 64.68 vs. 44.18%, HR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.24-3.87; 5-year @entity1349 rate: 85.61 vs. 68.59%, HR=3.03, 95% CI: 1.25-7.32). CONCLUSION: The architectural scores may help to stratify survival differences among certain predominant growth subtypes of @entity420 .

title: Prognostic impact of pattern-based grading system by the new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification in Asian XXXX with stage I lung adenocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Acinar/papillary-predominant tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1649 ( @entity1649 ) is caused by @entity2850 of the root exit zone (REZ) of the facial nerve. However, the mechanism that causes the offending vessels to compress the REZ has not been clarified. Elongation of intracranial arteries due to @entity4288 is one possibility, but such arteriosclerotic changes are not observed very frequently among @entity1 with @entity1649 . The aim of the present study was to investigate whether arteriosclerotic changes would contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity1649 . METHODS: This study included 111 @entity1649 @entity1 , all of whom were Japanese. The prevalence rates of @entity101 , @entity407 , and @entity6 were examined as risk factors of @entity731 , and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was measured as an indicator of arteriosclerotic change. The severity of @entity62 ( @entity62 ) in @entity1649 @entity1 was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. These data were compared with data from healthy Japanese controls. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of the risk factors for @entity731 in the @entity1649 @entity1 were not higher than those in the general Japanese population. The CAVI scores for the @entity1649 @entity1 were similar to, or lower than those in the healthy controls for all age groups except 60 to 69-year-old @entity1 . The severity of @entity62 in the @entity1649 @entity1 was not significantly worse than that in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that arteriosclerotic changes are not involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1649 , and that @entity2850 are attributable to anatomical features of the intracranial arteries and facial nerves formed during the prenatal stage.

title: Does XXXX contribute to hemifacial spasm?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['vascular compression syndromes', 'pulsative vascular compression']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'WMLs']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1649 :: ('MESH:D019569', 'Disease') :: ['HFS', 'Hemifacial spasm']

answer: @entity4288 :: (MESH:D001161,Disease) :: ['arteriosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognostic scores predicting long-term survival of @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ) have been created. The purpose of this study was to validate a prognostic scoring scheme at a single institution. METHODS: We reviewed all resections for @entity788 from 1996 to 2004. Prognostic scores based on @entity1 age, @entity5 grade, and distant @entity3 were calculated. Survival was compared with an established postresection prognostic score for @entity788 . RESULTS: A total of 34 @entity788 were identified. Predicted 5-year survival for prognostic scores of 1, 2, and 3 were 76.7%, 50.9%, and 35.7%, respectively. Final prognostic scores of 1, 2, and 3 were observed in 13 (38%), 18 (53%), and 3 (9%) @entity1 , with observed actual 5-year survivals of 92.3%, 72.2%, and 66.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PNET prognostic scores were found to be inversely related to survival. PNET postresection prognostic score categories may be useful tools in predicting long-term survival.

title: Support for a postresection prognostic score for pancreatic endocrine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'PNETs']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Studies link area features such as neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation to poor health outcomes. However, there is a paucity of research based on representative data investigating the effects of area-level health services on mortality. This study examines the extent to which municipal health services account for municipal variation in all-cause and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) mortality. We hypothesise that unfavourable municipal features (eg, fewer available places for rehabilitation) are associated with higher risk of mortality after accounting for @entity1 ' characteristics. DESIGN: Population data from Norwegian national/municipal registrars are analysed using multilevel logistic regression in this prospective cohort study. SETTING AND @entity1 : The analytic sample (9412 @entity1 aged 18+ from 336 municipalities) constitutes 87.7% of the nationwide population of Norwegian adults who were hospitalised for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in 2009 and discharged alive. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: All-cause and @entity65 mortality occurring within 365   days after the first day of hospitalisation for @entity583 . RESULTS: There was a small but significant variation at the municipal level in all-cause mortality (0.5%; intraclass correlation coefficient=0.005) but not @entity65 mortality. There were no significant fixed effects of municipal health services on mortality in bivariate models. @entity1 ' characteristics (eg, gender, comorbidities) fully accounted for the observed municipal variation in mortality. Being male versus female (OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.43), or having been previously diagnosed with @entity303 versus not (OR=2.06, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.77) were also linked to higher odds of @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Municipal variation in all-cause mortality for Norwegian @entity1 with @entity583 appears to be driven not by differences across municipalities in health service levels, but by differences across municipalities in the composition of @entity1 . Focusing on chronic disease prevention and treatment, and tackling personal and structural risk factors embedded within @entity1 ' sociodemographic characteristics, may be especially beneficial for longevity.

title: A multilevel analysis of mortality following XXXX in Norway: do municipal health services make a difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: LH increases the intracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ](i)) in @entity19 Leydig cells, in a process triggered by @entity460 influx through T-type @entity141 channels. Here we show that LH modulates both T-type @entity141 currents and [ @entity141 ](i) transients through the effects of PKA and @entity6164 . LH increases the peak @entity460 current (at -20mV) by 40%. A similar effect is seen with @entity4515 . The effect of LH is completely blocked by the PKA inhibitors @entity9501 and a synthetic inhibitory peptide ( @entity72930 ), but only partially by @entity668 ( @entity6164 inhibitor). LH and the blockers induced only minor changes in the voltage dependence of activation, inactivation or deactivation of the currents. @entity866 (blocker of PKA and @entity6164 ) impaired the [ @entity141 ](i) changes induced by LH. A similar effect was seen with @entity9501 . Although @entity4515 slowly increased the [ @entity141 ](i) the subsequent addition of LH still triggered the typical transients in [ @entity141 ](i). @entity668 also does not avoid the @entity141 transients, showing that blockage of @entity6164 is not sufficient to inhibit the LH induced [ @entity141 ](i) rise. In summary, these two kinases are not only directly involved in promoting @entity251 synthesis but also act on the overall @entity460 dynamics in Leydig cells, mostly through the activation of PKA by LH.

title: Luteinizing hormone (LH) acts through PKA and XXXX to modulate T-type @entity460 currents and intracellular @entity460 transients in @entity19 Leydig cells.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity668 :: ('MESH:C016299', 'Chemical') :: ['Chelerythrine', 'chelerythrine']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['Staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity6164 :: (MESH:C566847,Disease) :: ['PKC']


abstract: LH increases the intracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ](i)) in @entity19 Leydig cells, in a process triggered by @entity460 influx through T-type @entity141 channels. Here we show that LH modulates both T-type @entity141 currents and [ @entity141 ](i) transients through the effects of PKA and @entity6164 . LH increases the peak @entity460 current (at -20mV) by 40%. A similar effect is seen with @entity4515 . The effect of LH is completely blocked by the PKA inhibitors @entity9501 and a synthetic inhibitory peptide ( @entity72930 ), but only partially by @entity668 ( @entity6164 inhibitor). LH and the blockers induced only minor changes in the voltage dependence of activation, inactivation or deactivation of the currents. @entity866 (blocker of PKA and @entity6164 ) impaired the [ @entity141 ](i) changes induced by LH. A similar effect was seen with @entity9501 . Although @entity4515 slowly increased the [ @entity141 ](i) the subsequent addition of LH still triggered the typical transients in [ @entity141 ](i). @entity668 also does not avoid the @entity141 transients, showing that blockage of @entity6164 is not sufficient to inhibit the LH induced [ @entity141 ](i) rise. In summary, these two kinases are not only directly involved in promoting @entity251 synthesis but also act on the overall @entity460 dynamics in Leydig cells, mostly through the activation of PKA by LH.

title: Luteinizing hormone (LH) acts through PKA and @entity6164 to modulate T-type XXXX currents and intracellular @entity460 transients in @entity19 Leydig cells.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: LH increases the intracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ](i)) in @entity19 Leydig cells, in a process triggered by @entity460 influx through T-type @entity141 channels. Here we show that LH modulates both T-type @entity141 currents and [ @entity141 ](i) transients through the effects of PKA and @entity6164 . LH increases the peak @entity460 current (at -20mV) by 40%. A similar effect is seen with @entity4515 . The effect of LH is completely blocked by the PKA inhibitors @entity9501 and a synthetic inhibitory peptide ( @entity72930 ), but only partially by @entity668 ( @entity6164 inhibitor). LH and the blockers induced only minor changes in the voltage dependence of activation, inactivation or deactivation of the currents. @entity866 (blocker of PKA and @entity6164 ) impaired the [ @entity141 ](i) changes induced by LH. A similar effect was seen with @entity9501 . Although @entity4515 slowly increased the [ @entity141 ](i) the subsequent addition of LH still triggered the typical transients in [ @entity141 ](i). @entity668 also does not avoid the @entity141 transients, showing that blockage of @entity6164 is not sufficient to inhibit the LH induced [ @entity141 ](i) rise. In summary, these two kinases are not only directly involved in promoting @entity251 synthesis but also act on the overall @entity460 dynamics in Leydig cells, mostly through the activation of PKA by LH.

title: Luteinizing hormone (LH) acts through PKA and @entity6164 to modulate T-type @entity460 currents and intracellular XXXX transients in @entity19 Leydig cells.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: LH increases the intracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ](i)) in @entity19 Leydig cells, in a process triggered by @entity460 influx through T-type @entity141 channels. Here we show that LH modulates both T-type @entity141 currents and [ @entity141 ](i) transients through the effects of PKA and @entity6164 . LH increases the peak @entity460 current (at -20mV) by 40%. A similar effect is seen with @entity4515 . The effect of LH is completely blocked by the PKA inhibitors @entity9501 and a synthetic inhibitory peptide ( @entity72930 ), but only partially by @entity668 ( @entity6164 inhibitor). LH and the blockers induced only minor changes in the voltage dependence of activation, inactivation or deactivation of the currents. @entity866 (blocker of PKA and @entity6164 ) impaired the [ @entity141 ](i) changes induced by LH. A similar effect was seen with @entity9501 . Although @entity4515 slowly increased the [ @entity141 ](i) the subsequent addition of LH still triggered the typical transients in [ @entity141 ](i). @entity668 also does not avoid the @entity141 transients, showing that blockage of @entity6164 is not sufficient to inhibit the LH induced [ @entity141 ](i) rise. In summary, these two kinases are not only directly involved in promoting @entity251 synthesis but also act on the overall @entity460 dynamics in Leydig cells, mostly through the activation of PKA by LH.

title: Luteinizing hormone (LH) acts through PKA and @entity6164 to modulate T-type @entity460 currents and intracellular @entity460 transients in XXXX Leydig cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The transcription of neurotrophic factors, i.e., @entity664 ( @entity664 ) and @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) is regulated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation despite the lack of a classical glucocorticoid response element in their promoter region. A time course for @entity2819 (10 mg/kg, s.c.) in adrenalectomized @entity35 revealed a peak hormone effect at the 4 hr time interval for @entity664 (110-204% increase), @entity2136 (53-67% decrease), GR (53-64% decrease), and MR (34-56% decrease) mRNA levels in all hippocampal subregions using in situ hybridization. @entity5019 mRNA levels were affected exclusively in the dentate gyrus after 50 min to 2 hr (38-46% decrease). Furthermore, it was evaluated whether @entity2819 regulation of these genes depends on interactions with the transcription factor complex @entity19505 . @entity5019 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were injected into the dorsal hippocampus of adrenalectomized @entity35 . @entity2819 was given 2 hr later, and the effects on gene expression were measured 4 hr later. In @entity1249 , antisense treatment significantly and selectively enhanced the hormone action on the expression of @entity664 (44% enhanced increase) and @entity2136 (38% enhanced decrease) versus control oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. In addition, an upregulation of @entity5019 expression (89% increase) was found. There were no effects of @entity5019 antisense on hippocampal GR and MR expression. Thus it seems that a tonic @entity5019 mechanism exists within @entity1249 , which reduces GR- and MR-mediated effects on expression of @entity664 and @entity2136 .

title: XXXX reduces @entity2819 -mediated effects on neurotrophic factor expression in the @entity35 hippocampal @entity1249 region.

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone', 'corticosterone']

answer: @entity5019 :: (314322(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['c-fos']


abstract: The transcription of neurotrophic factors, i.e., @entity664 ( @entity664 ) and @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) is regulated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation despite the lack of a classical glucocorticoid response element in their promoter region. A time course for @entity2819 (10 mg/kg, s.c.) in adrenalectomized @entity35 revealed a peak hormone effect at the 4 hr time interval for @entity664 (110-204% increase), @entity2136 (53-67% decrease), GR (53-64% decrease), and MR (34-56% decrease) mRNA levels in all hippocampal subregions using in situ hybridization. @entity5019 mRNA levels were affected exclusively in the dentate gyrus after 50 min to 2 hr (38-46% decrease). Furthermore, it was evaluated whether @entity2819 regulation of these genes depends on interactions with the transcription factor complex @entity19505 . @entity5019 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were injected into the dorsal hippocampus of adrenalectomized @entity35 . @entity2819 was given 2 hr later, and the effects on gene expression were measured 4 hr later. In @entity1249 , antisense treatment significantly and selectively enhanced the hormone action on the expression of @entity664 (44% enhanced increase) and @entity2136 (38% enhanced decrease) versus control oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. In addition, an upregulation of @entity5019 expression (89% increase) was found. There were no effects of @entity5019 antisense on hippocampal GR and MR expression. Thus it seems that a tonic @entity5019 mechanism exists within @entity1249 , which reduces GR- and MR-mediated effects on expression of @entity664 and @entity2136 .

title: @entity5019 reduces @entity2819 -mediated effects on neurotrophic factor expression in the @entity35 hippocampal XXXX region.

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: The transcription of neurotrophic factors, i.e., @entity664 ( @entity664 ) and @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) is regulated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation despite the lack of a classical glucocorticoid response element in their promoter region. A time course for @entity2819 (10 mg/kg, s.c.) in adrenalectomized @entity35 revealed a peak hormone effect at the 4 hr time interval for @entity664 (110-204% increase), @entity2136 (53-67% decrease), GR (53-64% decrease), and MR (34-56% decrease) mRNA levels in all hippocampal subregions using in situ hybridization. @entity5019 mRNA levels were affected exclusively in the dentate gyrus after 50 min to 2 hr (38-46% decrease). Furthermore, it was evaluated whether @entity2819 regulation of these genes depends on interactions with the transcription factor complex @entity19505 . @entity5019 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were injected into the dorsal hippocampus of adrenalectomized @entity35 . @entity2819 was given 2 hr later, and the effects on gene expression were measured 4 hr later. In @entity1249 , antisense treatment significantly and selectively enhanced the hormone action on the expression of @entity664 (44% enhanced increase) and @entity2136 (38% enhanced decrease) versus control oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. In addition, an upregulation of @entity5019 expression (89% increase) was found. There were no effects of @entity5019 antisense on hippocampal GR and MR expression. Thus it seems that a tonic @entity5019 mechanism exists within @entity1249 , which reduces GR- and MR-mediated effects on expression of @entity664 and @entity2136 .

title: @entity5019 reduces XXXX -mediated effects on neurotrophic factor expression in the @entity35 hippocampal @entity1249 region.

answer: @entity2819 :: (MESH:D003345,Chemical) :: ['corticosterone']


abstract: The transcription of neurotrophic factors, i.e., @entity664 ( @entity664 ) and @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) is regulated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation despite the lack of a classical glucocorticoid response element in their promoter region. A time course for @entity2819 (10 mg/kg, s.c.) in adrenalectomized @entity35 revealed a peak hormone effect at the 4 hr time interval for @entity664 (110-204% increase), @entity2136 (53-67% decrease), GR (53-64% decrease), and MR (34-56% decrease) mRNA levels in all hippocampal subregions using in situ hybridization. @entity5019 mRNA levels were affected exclusively in the dentate gyrus after 50 min to 2 hr (38-46% decrease). Furthermore, it was evaluated whether @entity2819 regulation of these genes depends on interactions with the transcription factor complex @entity19505 . @entity5019 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were injected into the dorsal hippocampus of adrenalectomized @entity35 . @entity2819 was given 2 hr later, and the effects on gene expression were measured 4 hr later. In @entity1249 , antisense treatment significantly and selectively enhanced the hormone action on the expression of @entity664 (44% enhanced increase) and @entity2136 (38% enhanced decrease) versus control oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. In addition, an upregulation of @entity5019 expression (89% increase) was found. There were no effects of @entity5019 antisense on hippocampal GR and MR expression. Thus it seems that a tonic @entity5019 mechanism exists within @entity1249 , which reduces GR- and MR-mediated effects on expression of @entity664 and @entity2136 .

title: @entity5019 reduces @entity2819 -mediated effects on neurotrophic factor expression in the XXXX hippocampal @entity1249 region.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity281 are rarely encountered and their management is not well standardised. We reviewed our experience with the management of this condition in order to evaluate the role of surgery in the management of the @entity281 and to provide an algorithm for its treatment. METHODS: It is a multicentre study in which we retrospectively reviewed the data files of the @entity1 who were referred to us for surgical management of @entity281 . RESULTS: From March 2003 to June 2009, 14 @entity1 (12 @entity1 and two @entity1 ) were treated surgically for infected SCJ. No @entity1 were found in the paediatric age group. Mean age was 49.8 years with a range between 26 and 77 years. All @entity1 were symptomatic. The prevalent symptom was either anterior chest wall swelling (21%) or @entity158 (29%); while 50% of them presented with both swelling and @entity158 . Associated risk factors were elicited in 12 @entity1 (86%) while it could not be identified in two @entity1 (14%). These risk factors were in the form of @entity734 in three @entity1 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in four, @entity177 ( @entity177 ) in three @entity1 and two @entity1 had both @entity6 and @entity177 . Surgical management was performed in all @entity1 in the form of either incision and drainage in two @entity1 (14%); or SCJ curettage in three @entity1 (21%), while resection of the SCJ was done in nine @entity1 (62%). Mean postoperative hospital stay period (PHS) was 8.1 days (range: 5-30 days). All of them are alive and free of symptoms in follow-up. CONCLUSION: Surgery was found to be curative with good results for those @entity1 with @entity281 that did not respond to a full course of intravenous antibiotic therapy. Surgical options include incision and drainage, curettage or SCJ resection. The type of surgical procedure depends on the radiological findings, presentation, severity of the @entity281 and intra-operative findings. In our experience, complex muscle flap reconstruction was not necessary following SCJ resection.

title: Surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) infections', 'SCI infection', 'infection', 'SCJ infection']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addiction']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['sternoclavicular joint infection']