abstract: The effect of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback on frontalis and masseter muscle activity was compared with control conditions in two groups of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity158 . @entity1 were selected on the basis of clinical symptoms, radiographic evaluation, and a clinical examination. @entity308 @entity1 and @entity1 with signs of a pathological condition in the temporomandibular joint were excluded. Both the experimental (EXP) and the control (CON) group went through two base-line screening sessions before treatment of the EXP group was started. Treatment consisted of eight biofeedback sessions, given twice a week for 4 weeks. Feedback was presented visually on a monitor. Treatment did not include any relaxation training. Control evaluations of both groups took place 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after the end of treatment. The EXP group was able to reduce EMG levels in frontalis and masseter muscles significantly during training sessions. Follow-up data showed significantly reduced frontalis EMG levels in the EXP group after 3 and 6 months but not in the CON group. Both groups improved subjectively, as judged by reports on @entity158 intensity and duration, but this improvement was significantly more pronounced in the EXP group. Objective clinical indices recorded throughout the study were uncorrelated with EMG changes or subjective reports. It is concluded that biofeedback training facilitated muscular relaxation and self-regulation in the EXP group and that visual EMG feedback, consisting of a patterning of frontalis and masseter muscle activity, can be recommended as an integrated part of @entity158 treatment.

title: EMG feedback in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'MPD syndrome', 'myofascial pain dysfunction (MPD) syndrome']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome']


abstract: Early gastrula-stage @entity238 embryo cells will differentiate in vitro to form several cell types, including neurons. We report here the morphological appearance of cultured embryo cells, the pattern of DNA synthesis, and the expression of neurotransmitter-metabolizing macromolecules. The cells initially exhibit no overt morphological differentiation, and all cells incorporate @entity665 following a 1 hr pulse-labeling period. As cells undergo morphological differentiation, fewer total cells as well as qualitatively different cell types incorporate label. By the time cells are 8 or 9 hr old, no myocytes or myotubes are labeled. In contrast, some neurons are labeled with a @entity1014 pulse as late as 18 hr. We have also stained cultured cells of various developmental ages with the insect neuron-specific antibody: anti-HRP. Some positive cells can be detected as early as 5 hr, when no overt morphological differentiation is apparent. As the cells differentiate, the staining is limited to the small, round neuronal type and its processes. These findings suggest that this neuron-specific cell marker is expressed very early in cultured gastrula-stage cells and may be used to identify neuronal precursor cells. We have studied the patterns of expression of several macromolecules involved in @entity934 metabolism using these cultures. The appearance of @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ), the biosynthetic enzyme for @entity1617 production, is first detected in 5-hr-old cells. There is an initial phase of low-level expression, followed by a rapid rise in activity shortly after the differentiating neuron clusters make contact with one another. @entity4268 activity reaches a plateau in 36-48-hr-old cells. Acetylcholinesterase activity can be detected several hours before @entity4268 and also shows a period of low-level expression followed by a rapidly increasing phase, reaching a plateau at around 36-48 hr. 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding appears in cells about 4 hr old and rapidly approaches maximum levels by about 36 hr. The in vitro expression pattern for @entity4268 and AChE is similar to that seen in vivo. AChE activity has been localized histochemically to the neurons and their processes in vitro. The normal in vitro expression pattern for @entity4268 and AChE can be altered by adding various cholinergic drugs to the culture medium during cell differentiation. Medium conditioned by older cultures can also result in lower levels of @entity4268 and AChE expression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: In vitro neuronal differentiation of XXXX embryo cells.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: The precise source of circulating @entity2922 (CA) at birth and their role in circulatory adaptation is unclear. In order to determine the contribution of increased postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity to the CA surge at birth, we induced complete sympathectomy in near term fetal @entity742 prior to delivery by giving @entity2955 . Chronically catheterized fetal @entity742 received either @entity2955 (n = 5) or control infusion (n = 6). Chemical sympathectomy was verified by @entity6114 infusion. @entity742 were delivered at 142 +/- 1 days of gestation and serial plasma CA, heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, blood gases, blood @entity413 , and free @entity1718 , were measured before and for 4 h after delivery. Myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors and tissue CA concentration were determined following sacrifice. Baseline circulating @entity1063 (NE) values were lower in sympathectomized animals (183 +/- 45 versus 373 +/- 125 pg/ml, p less than 0.05) and epinephrine values were slightly higher (118 +/- 89 versus 48 +/- 1 pg/ml, NS). There was only a 2-fold increase in NE after cord cutting in sympathectomized animals while control animals had a 4-fold increase (peak NE values 354 +/- 121 versus 1305 +/- 363 pg/ml respectively, p less than 0.001). @entity1425 increased significantly in both groups and there were no significant differences between sympathectomized and control animals. Heart rate and blood pressure rose abruptly in both groups after cord cutting and there were no significant differences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of chemical sympathectomy on XXXX release at birth.

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: A factorial experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary protein (8, 16, 32% of energy from casein) and dietary fat (12, 24, 48% of energy from @entity4336 oil) on the initiation of @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced @entity0 in @entity35 . Forty weanling female @entity35 were assigned to each of nine diets fed ad libitum. After 4 wk each @entity35 received @entity106 (20 mg/kg) via gastric intubation. For an additional 22 wk after carcinogen administration all @entity35 consumed a diet containing 16% of dietary energy from protein and 24% from fat. Dietary fat, protein and ad libitum energy consumption exhibited statistically significant effects on final @entity5 prevalence, but interactive effects were not found. At necropsy, @entity35 fed @entity4336 oil at 12, 24 and 48% of energy prior to @entity106 administration showed @entity5 prevalences of 58, 58 and 85% with 116, 153 and 231 total @entity5 , respectively. The data indicate a significant nonlinear effect of dietary fat. Corresponding numbers for @entity35 fed casein at 8, 16 and 32% of energy prior to @entity106 were prevalences of 79, 65 and 59%, with @entity5 counts of 194, 144 and 162. Higher dietary protein during the initiation phase was associated with a significant reduction in @entity5 prevalence, which was most striking between 8 and 16% of energy from protein. In addition, results of multiple logistic regression showed that tumorigenesis was increased with greater ad libitum energy intake. The odds of a @entity5 at necropsy were multiplied by 1.19 for each kilocalorie increase in ad libitum energy intake averaged over the post- @entity106 phase of the experiment. An additional six weanling @entity35 fed each diet for 4 wk were killed for assay of hepatic carcinogen metabolizing enzymes at the time corresponding to @entity106 administration in the initiation experiment. Both protein and fat showed independent effects on the activity of several enzymes. However, enzyme activity did not suggest a unifying mechanism whereby these nutrients influence @entity106 -induced mammary @entity105 .

title: Effects of dietary protein, fat and energy intake during an initiation phase study of XXXX -induced @entity0 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'total tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity3653 :: (CHEBI:254496,Chemical) :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']


abstract: A factorial experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary protein (8, 16, 32% of energy from casein) and dietary fat (12, 24, 48% of energy from @entity4336 oil) on the initiation of @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced @entity0 in @entity35 . Forty weanling female @entity35 were assigned to each of nine diets fed ad libitum. After 4 wk each @entity35 received @entity106 (20 mg/kg) via gastric intubation. For an additional 22 wk after carcinogen administration all @entity35 consumed a diet containing 16% of dietary energy from protein and 24% from fat. Dietary fat, protein and ad libitum energy consumption exhibited statistically significant effects on final @entity5 prevalence, but interactive effects were not found. At necropsy, @entity35 fed @entity4336 oil at 12, 24 and 48% of energy prior to @entity106 administration showed @entity5 prevalences of 58, 58 and 85% with 116, 153 and 231 total @entity5 , respectively. The data indicate a significant nonlinear effect of dietary fat. Corresponding numbers for @entity35 fed casein at 8, 16 and 32% of energy prior to @entity106 were prevalences of 79, 65 and 59%, with @entity5 counts of 194, 144 and 162. Higher dietary protein during the initiation phase was associated with a significant reduction in @entity5 prevalence, which was most striking between 8 and 16% of energy from protein. In addition, results of multiple logistic regression showed that tumorigenesis was increased with greater ad libitum energy intake. The odds of a @entity5 at necropsy were multiplied by 1.19 for each kilocalorie increase in ad libitum energy intake averaged over the post- @entity106 phase of the experiment. An additional six weanling @entity35 fed each diet for 4 wk were killed for assay of hepatic carcinogen metabolizing enzymes at the time corresponding to @entity106 administration in the initiation experiment. Both protein and fat showed independent effects on the activity of several enzymes. However, enzyme activity did not suggest a unifying mechanism whereby these nutrients influence @entity106 -induced mammary @entity105 .

title: Effects of dietary protein, fat and energy intake during an initiation phase study of @entity3653 -induced XXXX in @entity35 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A factorial experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary protein (8, 16, 32% of energy from casein) and dietary fat (12, 24, 48% of energy from @entity4336 oil) on the initiation of @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced @entity0 in @entity35 . Forty weanling female @entity35 were assigned to each of nine diets fed ad libitum. After 4 wk each @entity35 received @entity106 (20 mg/kg) via gastric intubation. For an additional 22 wk after carcinogen administration all @entity35 consumed a diet containing 16% of dietary energy from protein and 24% from fat. Dietary fat, protein and ad libitum energy consumption exhibited statistically significant effects on final @entity5 prevalence, but interactive effects were not found. At necropsy, @entity35 fed @entity4336 oil at 12, 24 and 48% of energy prior to @entity106 administration showed @entity5 prevalences of 58, 58 and 85% with 116, 153 and 231 total @entity5 , respectively. The data indicate a significant nonlinear effect of dietary fat. Corresponding numbers for @entity35 fed casein at 8, 16 and 32% of energy prior to @entity106 were prevalences of 79, 65 and 59%, with @entity5 counts of 194, 144 and 162. Higher dietary protein during the initiation phase was associated with a significant reduction in @entity5 prevalence, which was most striking between 8 and 16% of energy from protein. In addition, results of multiple logistic regression showed that tumorigenesis was increased with greater ad libitum energy intake. The odds of a @entity5 at necropsy were multiplied by 1.19 for each kilocalorie increase in ad libitum energy intake averaged over the post- @entity106 phase of the experiment. An additional six weanling @entity35 fed each diet for 4 wk were killed for assay of hepatic carcinogen metabolizing enzymes at the time corresponding to @entity106 administration in the initiation experiment. Both protein and fat showed independent effects on the activity of several enzymes. However, enzyme activity did not suggest a unifying mechanism whereby these nutrients influence @entity106 -induced mammary @entity105 .

title: Effects of dietary protein, fat and energy intake during an initiation phase study of @entity3653 -induced @entity0 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Until June 1983 a total of 280 @entity1 pancreatic transplantations had been performed world-wide. Until July 1983, 57 were functioning (22%), 11% for more than 12 months. During the past 5 years a steady increase in the number of segmental transplants has been observed. In most cases simultaneous transplantation of pancreas and kidney was performed (144 cases), in 65 cases the pancreas was transplanted metachronously after kidney grafting, and in 64 cases pancreatic transplantation was performed alone. Currently, segmental or whole pancreatic transplantation is the favoured procedure. Islet transplantation has been disappointing because of the difficulty in procuring sufficient numbers of islets from an adult pancreas followed by immunological destruction of the transplanted islets. Most pancreas grafts have been procured from cadavers, but the favoured segmental technique allows living related donors to be used. After rejection the graft does not always have to be removed and exogenous insulin administration may be resumed, either permanently or until re-transplantation can be accomplished. Life-long immunosuppression is needed after transplantation and currently pancreatic allograft survival rates for @entity205 (CSA) and @entity500 -treated @entity1 have been similar. The longest survival of a living @entity6 recipient with a functioning pancreas is 5 1/2 years. Some authors have recently claimed improvement and stabilization of @entity73 and @entity6 after pancreatic transplantation.

title: [Perspectives in the clinical application of pancreas transplantation in the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired nerve conduction']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The efficacy of a once daily transdermally applied @entity1242 system and of sustained release @entity1242 capsules was assessed by ergometer stress testing in 12 @entity1 with stable @entity951 in a double-blind crossover study. In the morning the @entity1 received transdermally applied @entity1242 ( @entity31471 ) which delivered 5.0 mg @entity1242 in 24 hours together with a placebo capsule, respectively 1 @entity1242 (NTR) capsule of 2.5 mg together with a plaster placebo. In the evening the first treatment group received 2 placebo capsules, and the second group 1 NTR capsule and 1 placebo capsule. Each period lasted 14 days. The @entity1 performed a pre-medication ergometer stress test and repeated the test on the first and 14th day of each treatment period, 1 and 24 hours after medication. At the end of the second period all @entity1 continued in an open study with TDS once a day for a further three months. Minor degrees of @entity308 , and in fewer @entity1 , were observed at comparable workloads in the treatment tests compared with the pre-medication tests. The improvement after TDS on the first and last day of each period, 1 and 24 hours after medication, was significant and more marked than with NTR. The latter did not reach significance. Furthermore, increase of work capacity and elevation of angina threshold was greater with TDS than with NTR. Similar results were found at the end of the open study after 3 months' treatment with TDS. No development of tolerance was observed.

title: Effects of short- and long-term treatment with transdermally and orally administered XXXX (a double-blind crossover study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment depression']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: @entity337 represent at present time an important etiology of operated on pure and voluminous aortic regurgitations (n = 95, i.e. 28.1% of cases followed by our working team). The @entity340 by which they are characterized were associated in 2 out of 3 cases with parietal lesions of the ascending aorta: annulo-ectasic disease (n = 42) or important non-aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending aorta (n = 20). However, these @entity340 may also appear isolated in an aorta morphologically normal at peroperative examination (n = 33). Among the 42 @entity1 suffering from, annulo-ectasic disease (group 1) the type of surgical correction varied with the period of operation. Valvular replacement isolated (n = 3, group 1 a) or associated with aortic supracoronary surgery (n = 17, group 1b) were the procedures before 1978. Since then, 22 @entity1 (group 1c) had a total replacement of the ascending aorta were subjected to valvular interventions (19 replacements, 1 valvuloplasty). When performed, parietal biopsy of the aorta showed in 11 out of 15 cases signs of cystic medio- @entity39 . After a delay of 53 +/- 40 months, 11 out of 20 @entity1 of group 1a and 1b died, 5 of them from the evolution of lesions at the ascending aorta (3 ruptures and 2 dissections); one @entity1 was reoperated 12 years after the placing of a supracoronary tube, because of the development of a @entity439 of the sinuses of Valvalva which initially were only simply dilated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Potential course of lesions of the ascending aorta in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['voluminous aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Dystrophic aortic insufficiencies']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular dysplasias', 'valvular dysplasic lesions']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['dystrophic aortic insufficiency']


abstract: The activation of the @entity916 angiotensin system is thought to be an important factor contributing to @entity101 following kidney transplantation (TX). We studied 21 @entity101 renal transplant recipients, without evidence of acute graft rejection or transplant @entity2791 , 6 to 60 months post-TX. The acute responses of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal hemodynamics (ERPF: effective renal plasma flow, 131I-Hippuran clearance) and function (GFR: glomerular filtration rate, @entity1011 clearance; UNaV: urinary @entity1372 excretion rate) to converting enzyme inhibition (CEI) by @entity3371 were assessed. CEI induced a decrease in MAP (118 +/- 2 to 110 +/- 2 mmHg), renal resistance (RR: 0.27 +/- 0.02 to 0.21 +/- 0.01) and filtration fraction (FF: 0.31 +/- 0.02 to 0.23 +/- 0.01). ERPF (307 +/- 24 to 333 +/- 18 ml/min/1.73 m2) and GFR (88 +/- 5 to 78 +/- 5 ml/min/1.73 m2) were not significantly changed. UNaV increased by 53 +/- 24 mumol/min. Changes in MAP (r = -0.66), ERPF (r = 0.74) and FF (r = -0.88) were significantly correlated with the log of control plasma @entity916 activity (PRA). In 10 @entity1 with an increase of ERPF (range: + 30 to + 70%) and no change in GFR, the activated @entity916 system could originate from the recipient's own kidneys. In the remaining 11 @entity1 , CEI was associated with no increase in ERPF (change: + 2 to - 27%) and a fall in GFR, a response suggesting a possible @entity1504 . These results indicate that RAS participates in the regulation of systemic and @entity8 , with a possible predominant effect on efferent glomerular arteriole.

title: [Effect of inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme on XXXX following kidney transplantation].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vascular tone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intrarenal vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A Southwest Oncology Group pilot study was designed to evaluate a brief, 4.5-month induction course of chemotherapy with three presumably non-cross resistant regimens in poor-prognosis metastatic @entity0 . Sixty-three @entity1 were treated with @entity632 , @entity786 , plus @entity1891 on day 1, methotrexate followed 30 minutes later by @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) on day 22, and @entity1138 plus 3 days of @entity5713 on day 43. All three sequential regimens were repeated once and therapy was then discontinued in responding @entity1 . The same chemotherapy was reinstituted at the time of relapse. The overall response rate to the induction chemotherapy was 35% and included only one complete response (2%). Median response duration was 9 months. Respondents were off all therapy for a median of 5 months (range, 1-12+ months) and were followed without evidence of progressive disease. Response to retreatment was 30% with no complete responses seen. Overall median survival from the data of diagnosis of @entity3 was 24 months, with a median survival of 14 months from the date of initiation of therapy. @entity137 for this induction regimen was moderate with two treatment-related deaths secondary to myelosuppression. While the results of this pilot study fail to support the use of non-cross resistant regimens in @entity0 , short-term therapy appears to have no adverse effect on survival and resulted in significant periods during which no therapy was given, resulting in a reduction in overall @entity137 .

title: Short-term chemotherapy of poor-prognosis metastatic XXXX with three non-cross resistant chemotherapy regimens. A Southwest Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Pulmonary surfactant stabilizes lung alveoli, preventing @entity1576 and @entity8855 in premature @entity1 . In addition to lipids, surfactant contains apoproteins that are thought to be critical for normal surfactant function. We have examined the ontogeny and regulation of the major surfactant-associated protein of molecular mass 28-36 kDa (SP 28-36) in @entity1 fetal lung. SP 28-36 was not detected in tissue from second trimester abortuses by either immunoblot analysis or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (less than 0.02 microgram per mg of DNA). Levels of mRNA for SP 28-36, assayed by cDNA hybridization, were low or undetectable in all preculture specimens. The concentration of saturated @entity2434 in lung tissue was 30% of the adult value with no apparent increase between 15 and 24 weeks gestation. SP 28-36 content increased during explant culture in the absence of serum and hormones, exceeding adult levels (3.2 +/- 1.0 micrograms per mg of DNA) after 5 days. In cultures treated with @entity1954 (2 nM) and @entity619 (10 nM), hormones that regulate @entity2434 synthesis, the increase in SP 28-36 was accelerated (treated/control ratio was 7.1 and 3.4 at 3 and 5 days, respectively). Levels of mRNA for SP 28-36 also increased during culture and were stimulated by hormones (treated/control = 8.6 and 1.9 at 3 and 5 days, respectively). SP 28-36 and its mRNA increased similarly in the presence of @entity619 alone, whereas @entity1954 alone had no apparent effect. The molecular weight and charge pattern was similar for SP 28-36 of adult and cultured fetal tissue. These findings indicate that expression of the SP 28-36 gene is low during the second trimester, increases during explant culture, and is accelerated by glucocorticoid treatment.

title: Regulation of pulmonary surfactant apoprotein SP 28-36 gene in fetal XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline membrane disease']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The clinical presentation, cytologic pattern and stromal changes in the cystectomy specimen were studied in a group of 26 @entity1 with @entity150 who underwent cystectomy. Only cases in which the nuclear area of the @entity189 in situ cells was over 80 sq micron (large-cell type) were included in this study. The results indicate that the cells from large-cell @entity150 exfoliate easily, resulting in a cytologic pattern of predominantly single, highly abnormal @entity5 cells. Due to the increased exfoliation of the affected epithelium, the @entity1494 is focally denuded; therefore, while cytology may be strongly positive for @entity5 in these cases, the histologic diagnosis can be falsely negative when only denuded stroma is biopsied. The @entity4 causes complaints of " @entity2335 ." The neoplastic urothelium may involve contiguously related epithelial surfaces. When the lesion extends into the prostatic ducts, the @entity1 can have "pseudoprostatitis" complaints. Urethral extension may give @entity546 . In one female @entity1 , involvement of the vagina and vulva was found. @entity189 in situ may develop in @entity1 with papillary low-grade @entity150 during follow-up, with a concomitant shift in the cytologic and clinical patterns; this deserves the consideration and attention of the cytologist and the clinician due to its serious clinical implications.

title: XXXX . Clinical presentation, cytologic pattern and stromal changes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder stroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous stroma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ of the bladder', 'bladder carcinoma', 'carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile voiding pain']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder']


abstract: The prognostic and therapeutic decisions in cases of @entity320 depend upon the morphologic documentation of @entity3 , which may rapidly and accurately be done by fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of clinically suspicious lesions. The @entity5 cells derived from @entity320 demonstrate a wide range of appearances, however, and other @entity5 may be mimicked. Furthermore, additional @entity5 of other types are more frequent in @entity320 @entity1 : the possibility of a new @entity5 must be considered if the morphology of the @entity5 cells is uncharacteristic. Therefore, a study was undertaken to analyze the morphologic changes seen in FNA biopsy specimens from metastatic @entity320 and to determine which features could be the most useful in establishing a definitive diagnosis. A total of 174 consecutive cases, comprising 151 malignant aspirates and 23 inconclusive aspirates, were reviewed. The most significant features for identification of @entity320 over other @entity5 types were the cell shape and nuclear position, the presence of numerous isolated neoplastic cells and occasional binucleated or multinucleated cells. Intracellular melanin in neoplastic cells was diagnostic when present, but it was absent in 60% of the cases. Macronucleoli and/or intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations were characteristic but variable features. Morphology was also found to vary by site and cell type. Lung aspirates were less cellular and more likely to contain melanin. Aspirates of subcutaneous nodules were more often composed of spindle-shaped cells or of other variant cell types. Lymph node aspirates more often yielded epithelioid cells with macronucleoli and/or intranuclear invaginations. Spindle-cell melanomas usually demonstrated inconspicuous nuclei and rarely showed enlarged nucleoli. Epithelioid-cell @entity5 contained multinucleated cells and areas of cell wrapping more frequently than did spindle-cell @entity5 . The findings in this study emphasize that a full awareness of the spectrum of morphologic presentations of @entity320 as well as of the clinical history are needed for greater precision in its diagnosis and for avoidance of the pitfall of misdiagnosing nonmelanomas with similar appearances.

title: Fine needle aspiration biopsy of XXXX . A morphologic analysis of 174 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanomas', 'metastatic melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: A histomorphometric study was done on healing defects in the ribs of Beagles. A transverse @entity174 was made in the left 9th and 10th ribs. Beagles were given either @entity1068 vehicle (n = 6) or @entity3009 (PG) E2 orally (n = 5) for the 30-day period after surgical manipulation to time of necropsy. Double fluorescent labels to measure bone matrix mineralization were given with each of 2 fluorochrome markers--calcein before @entity235 were surgically manipulated and @entity5385 before they were euthanatized. The objectives were to determine the effects of @entity174 on regional remodeling in the periosteum, the effects of @entity1421 on the regional remodeling changes in the periosteum induced by the @entity174 , and the systemic effect of @entity1421 on remodeling changes of the contralateral matching sites. The @entity174 in the nontreated @entity235 ( @entity1068 only) stimulated remodeling activity in the periosteum with increased resorption (P less than 0.01). However, after surgical manipulation (necropsy) was done, the extent of mineralization on the bone surface was decreased and was decreased more on the nonfractured ribs (right side) than on the fractured (healing) ribs (left side) (P less than 0.05). In the treated @entity235 , the administration of @entity1421 increased the extent of mineralization on the bone surface on the healing ribs. However, as in the nontreated @entity235 , the administration of @entity1421 did not alter the decreasing pattern of mineralization when comparing the bone surfaces at necropsy with the bone surfaces before surgical manipulation was done.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX on rib @entity174 healing in beagles: histomorphometric study on periosteum adjacent to the @entity174 site.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: A histomorphometric study was done on healing defects in the ribs of Beagles. A transverse @entity174 was made in the left 9th and 10th ribs. Beagles were given either @entity1068 vehicle (n = 6) or @entity3009 (PG) E2 orally (n = 5) for the 30-day period after surgical manipulation to time of necropsy. Double fluorescent labels to measure bone matrix mineralization were given with each of 2 fluorochrome markers--calcein before @entity235 were surgically manipulated and @entity5385 before they were euthanatized. The objectives were to determine the effects of @entity174 on regional remodeling in the periosteum, the effects of @entity1421 on the regional remodeling changes in the periosteum induced by the @entity174 , and the systemic effect of @entity1421 on remodeling changes of the contralateral matching sites. The @entity174 in the nontreated @entity235 ( @entity1068 only) stimulated remodeling activity in the periosteum with increased resorption (P less than 0.01). However, after surgical manipulation (necropsy) was done, the extent of mineralization on the bone surface was decreased and was decreased more on the nonfractured ribs (right side) than on the fractured (healing) ribs (left side) (P less than 0.05). In the treated @entity235 , the administration of @entity1421 increased the extent of mineralization on the bone surface on the healing ribs. However, as in the nontreated @entity235 , the administration of @entity1421 did not alter the decreasing pattern of mineralization when comparing the bone surfaces at necropsy with the bone surfaces before surgical manipulation was done.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity1421 on rib XXXX healing in beagles: histomorphometric study on periosteum adjacent to the @entity174 site.

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: A histomorphometric study was done on healing defects in the ribs of Beagles. A transverse @entity174 was made in the left 9th and 10th ribs. Beagles were given either @entity1068 vehicle (n = 6) or @entity3009 (PG) E2 orally (n = 5) for the 30-day period after surgical manipulation to time of necropsy. Double fluorescent labels to measure bone matrix mineralization were given with each of 2 fluorochrome markers--calcein before @entity235 were surgically manipulated and @entity5385 before they were euthanatized. The objectives were to determine the effects of @entity174 on regional remodeling in the periosteum, the effects of @entity1421 on the regional remodeling changes in the periosteum induced by the @entity174 , and the systemic effect of @entity1421 on remodeling changes of the contralateral matching sites. The @entity174 in the nontreated @entity235 ( @entity1068 only) stimulated remodeling activity in the periosteum with increased resorption (P less than 0.01). However, after surgical manipulation (necropsy) was done, the extent of mineralization on the bone surface was decreased and was decreased more on the nonfractured ribs (right side) than on the fractured (healing) ribs (left side) (P less than 0.05). In the treated @entity235 , the administration of @entity1421 increased the extent of mineralization on the bone surface on the healing ribs. However, as in the nontreated @entity235 , the administration of @entity1421 did not alter the decreasing pattern of mineralization when comparing the bone surfaces at necropsy with the bone surfaces before surgical manipulation was done.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity1421 on rib @entity174 healing in beagles: histomorphometric study on periosteum adjacent to the XXXX site.

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: In the present investigation, a number of histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of periodontal tissues as well as the phase-contrast microscopy of dental plaque were studied after experimentally-induced @entity32 in relation to susceptibility to @entity2520 . The study included a younger (mean age 34.1 years) and an older age group (mean age 48 years) with a reduced but healthy periodontium. Both age groups had the same amount of loss of attachment which may suggest that they had different degrees of susceptibility to @entity2520 . At the start of the experiment, each @entity1 was instructed to abstain from oral hygiene in one quadrant of the mouth for a period of 18 days. At the end of the 18-day period, supra-gingival plaque and gingival tissue samples were taken. As determined by phase-contrast microscopy, the plaque samples of both age groups contained relatively high proportions of spirochetes. This may indicate that the @entity1 are at risk for recurrence of periodontal breakdown. The general histopathologic picture of the gingival tissue samples of both age groups was similar to the so-called 'early lesion'. However, IgA-producing plasma cells were found in most tissue samples of both age groups. The first part of this study showed that the younger, in comparison to the older, @entity1 developed @entity32 in terms of @entity548 on probing more rapidly. These clinical results cannot be explained by the host-parasite parameters investigated in the present study.

title: Experimental gingivitis in relation to susceptibility to XXXX . II. Phase-contrast microbiological features and some host-response observations.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal disease']


abstract: Reversible osmotic blood-brain barrier (BBB) modification was used in 38 @entity1 with @entity463 to enhance the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. The @entity1 ranged in age from 14 to 70 years (mean, 43), and all had prior surgery and radiation; 5 had also received systemic chemotherapy. Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores ranged from 60 to 100% (mean, 79) on admission to the treatment program. Barrier modification was achieved by intracarotid or intravertebral artery infusion of @entity2656 , and a chemotherapy regimen of @entity1499 , @entity786 , and @entity4174 was given in conjunction with barrier modification. The 38 @entity463 @entity1 were compared to two control groups of @entity1 with @entity463 ; these encompassed 14 @entity1 treated with surgery and radiation and 8 treated with surgery, radiation, and systemic chemotherapy. Survival analysis using the Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Model (corrected for age, sex, presence or absence of @entity39 , and functional status) showed that @entity1 receiving chemotherapy with BBB modification had a statistically significant (P = 0.0006) longer expected survival (17.5 months) than the control groups (12.8 and 11.4 months, respectively). Presently 16 @entity1 of the barrier-enhanced treatment group are alive at 5 to 42 months from diagnosis (median, 20) with KPS scores ranging from 40 to 90% (median, 65). The @entity16 seen included @entity64 in 3 @entity1 (1 with decreased motor movement in the hand, 1 with marked @entity1269 , and 1 with @entity1158 ), transient exacerbation of preexisting @entity51 lasting 2 to 3 days, and a 15% incidence of @entity410 during or within 24 hours of the BBB modification. In 2 of the 38 @entity1 , @entity1221 regression concurrent with the development of new @entity5 nodule(s) in portions of the brain distant from the region of osmotic BBB opening was seen. These studies indicate that chemotherapeutic drug delivery to @entity5 (as well as surrounding brain) can be augmented by osmotic BBB modification and that such therapy can result in a prolongation of survival.

title: Therapeutic efficacy of multiagent chemotherapy with drug delivery enhancement by blood-brain barrier modification in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['a stroke-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic documentation of central nervous system tumor']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cytoxan']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: In most previous studies of cryopreserved isolated pancreatic islets, a slow cooling rate has been employed. We recently observed that faster cooling (5 degrees C/min) resulted in better functional islet preservation than cooling at 0.5 degrees C/min. We found that a culture period after the collagenase isolation of the islets, but prior to freezing, is crucial for the preservation of the islet B cell function. In the present investigation the function of isolated @entity19 pancreatic islets cooled in Hanks' solution supplemented with 2 M @entity3733 was compared with that of nonfrozen, cultured islets prepared from the same donors. The islets were cultured in RPMI 1640 + 10% calf serum for 3 days before freezing, and for 3 days after rapid thawing at 37 degrees C. Islets were cooled at rates of 5, 15, or 25 degrees C/min to 70 degrees C and then plunged into liquid @entity1568 . All three groups of cryopreserved islets responded with insulin secretion when challenged with high @entity413 concentrations in batch-type incubations. In further experiments it was found that @entity413 -stimulated (pro)insulin biosynthesis in islets frozen at 25 degrees C/min was the same as that in the controls. Similar observations were made with respect to @entity413 -stimulated insulin release in perifusion experiments. However, a 30% reduction in insulin content was observed in the rapidly frozen islets. There was no difference in the replicatory capacity of the islets cells in vitro, as determined by an autoradiographic technique, between control islets and islets cooled at 5 degrees C or 25 degrees C/min. Intrasplenic implantation of 600-800 cryopreserved syngeneic islets into @entity10835 -diabetic @entity19 led to complete or partial normalization of the @entity4854 in seven of nine @entity19 . When splenectomy was performed in five animals the serum @entity413 concentrations increased promptly. We conclude that relatively rapid cooling rates may be useful for cryopreservation of isolated pancreatic islets.

title: Cryopreservation of XXXX pancreatic islets. Effects of fast cooling on islet B cell function and on the outcome of islet transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulphoxide']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Eleven preterm @entity1 (gestational ages 27-35 weeks) with echogenic paraventricular white matter identified shortly after birth were studied with serial echoencephalograms to fully delineate the sonographic findings characterizing the pathologic stages of @entity62 . Echoencephalograms were compared with autopsy findings and CT scans. Cerebral function was assessed by electroencephalograms and later by neurodevelopmental evaluations. Echogenic areas were observed in the paraventricular white matter in the acute stage. Microscopically, the echogenic white matter consisted of vascular congestion and @entity548 , but not always with foci of @entity39 . Anechoic areas, which characterized the chronic stage, corresponded to cavitary lesions, and these generally appeared within 2 weeks of birth. However, six @entity1 had anechoic lesions by day 4, suggesting that the onset of white-matter damage was antenatal. CT showed mildly decreased attenuation when paraventricular echogenic areas alone or in association with small anechoic areas were observed. Markedly decreased attenuation on CT scans corresponded to large anechoic areas. Resolution of the sonographic and CT findings did not indicate normalization of the white matter since all surviving @entity1 were neurologically abnormal at 1 year. Electroencephalograms with central (rolandic) positive sharp waves were associated with echogenic white matter alone or with evolving anechoic areas. All @entity1 with positive sharp waves on electroencephalograms had large anechoic areas in later studies. Early and serial echoencephalograms are necessary to evaluate @entity62 in preterm @entity1 . When echogenic white matter is identified, electroencephalography can suggest the presence of @entity62 .

title: XXXX (periventricular leukomalacia): sonographic, pathologic, and electroencephalographic features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white-matter necrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['petechial hemorrhages']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['Focal necrosis of the white matter']


abstract: To determine if passively reported cases of @entity99 are representative of the affected population, an active surveillance system was set up that identified all @entity1 in Pierce County, Washington, who had been diagnosed by a physician as having @entity99 in the period March 1 through August 31, 1984. In this county, this was part of an ongoing epidemiologic study of @entity99 that had previously included some stimulation of reporting. The active surveillance system covered all primary sources of medical care, including all private physicians who were most likely to see @entity1 with @entity99 . Secondary sources, those that did not provide direct medical care but might be aware of new cases, were also surveyed. The results of active surveillance showed that passive reporting was about 65% complete in Pierce County. No change occurred in the number of @entity99 cases reported, but @entity1956 cases increased by 50%, and non-A, @entity1956 cases increased by 138%. Most of the increase was a result of enhanced reporting from private physicians. The two risk groups most affected by underreporting were homosexual @entity1 with @entity1956 and blood transfusion recipients with non-A, @entity1956 . During active surveillance, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity1956 who reported homosexual activity was 52% compared with 20% from passive surveillance. Transfusion recipients represented 24% of the non-A, @entity1956 reported from active surveillance compared with 9% reported from passive surveillance. Although Pierce County may not be representative of all counties in the United States, @entity1 responsible for public health prevention programs should recognize that data acquired through passive surveillance may not accurately reflect the magnitude of the risk for specific populations or the amount of disease that can be prevented.

title: The effect of underreporting on the apparent incidence and epidemiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A', 'acute viral hepatitis', 'viral hepatitis', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B', 'non-B hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['acute viral hepatitis']


abstract: In a lung model simulating spontaneously @entity1353 @entity1508 anaesthesia, the rebreathing characteristics of the coaxial Mapleson A (Lack circuit) and D (Bain circuit) systems were tested. Using decreasing fresh gas flows (VF), the end-tidal @entity544 fraction (FACO2) was monitored and the point of rebreathing (R.P.) detected. The effects of changes in minute volume (VE), dead-space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) and @entity544 elimination (VCO2) were studied. The effect of increased tidal volumes (VT) on FACO2 was investigated for some different fresh gas flows (VF). The VF/VE ratio for R.P. in the Bain circuit was approximately 2 and in the Lack circuit 0.88. In both circuits an increase in VE and a decrease in the VD/VT ratio resulted in higher demands on VF if rebreathing was to be avoided. The latter effect was much more pronounced in the Lack circuit. In neither system did any changes in VCO2 affect the rebreathing characteristics. The conclusion was drawn that the Lack system is a much better choice concerning the fresh gas flows for anaesthesia with spontaneous @entity1353 than the Bain system. It was also concluded that the fresh gas flows recommended by Humphrey for the Lack system (i.e. 51 ml X min-1 X kg b.w.-1) and by the manufacturers for the Bain system (i.e. 100 ml X min-1 X kg b.w.-1) are inadequate and should be increased if a considerable degree of rebreathing is to be avoided.

title: Fresh gas flow in coaxial Mapleson A and D circuits during spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: Progressive growth of the P815 @entity9600 in an immunocompetent host evokes the generation of an antitumor immune response that can be measured in terms of the production of cytolytic Ly-1+2+ T cells in the draining lymph node and spleen. This immunity, designated concomitant immunity, is present on day 6 of @entity5 growth, peaks on day 9, and decays progressively thereafter. It fails to develop in @entity19 made T cell deficient by thymectomy and lethal whole-body gamma-radiation, and reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow cells (TXB @entity19 ). Employment of a @entity19 survival assay, capable of enumerating metastatic @entity19 cells in cell suspensions, showed that the P815 @entity5 metastasizes to the draining lymph node and spleen at the same rate in normal and TXB @entity19 for the first 6 days of growth of an intradermal P815 @entity5 . By day 6 of @entity5 growth there were approximately 10(3) @entity19 cells in the draining lymph node in both types of @entity19 . However, during the generation of concomitant immunity between days 6 and 9, the number of metastatic @entity19 cells in the draining lymph nodes and spleens of normal @entity5 -bearing @entity19 declined by nearly 90%. After day 12, however, the number of @entity5 cells in the nodes and spleens increased concordantly with the decay of concomitant immunity. These findings, together with the demonstration that @entity784 @entity19 failed to restrain the number of metastatic @entity19 cells in the draining lymph node and spleen, suggest that concomitant immunity is an important defense mechanism against the development of @entity262 . Additional evidence consistent with this interpretation was provided by studies which showed that adoptive immunization with spleen cells from concomitant immune donors significantly prolonged the median survival time of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 by destroying a substantial proportion of @entity19 @entity5 cells already seeded in the draining lymph node. Adoptive immunization also delayed the appearance of @entity3 cells in the spleen.

title: The antimetastatic function of concomitant antitumor immunity. II. Evidence that the generation of Ly-1+2+ effector T cells temporarily causes the destruction of already disseminated XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity9600 :: ('MESH:D034801', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'TXB tumor']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T cell-deficient']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity35 were given s.c. implants of high ( @entity101 ) or low (LT) doses of @entity251 and 10 days later hypophysectomy or sham-operation was performed. The @entity35 were killed after 50 days. Unilateral efferent duct ligation was performed 16 h before death to measure seminiferous tubule fluid production and the increment in testicular inhibin values (inhibin production). Inhibin levels in testis cytosols were measured by a pituitary cell culture bioassay. The LT implants maintained serum @entity251 at control values and decreased testicular weight whereas @entity101 implants raised serum @entity251 3-fold and maintained testicular weight at 75-85% of pretreatment levels. In intact @entity35 , LT implants caused no change in testicular inhibin content but decreased inhibin production; no significant changes occurred with @entity101 implants. After hypophysectomy both values were significantly suppressed and could not be maintained by @entity101 or LT implants. However, the @entity101 implants partly restored inhibin production despite their inability to influence testicular inhibin content. In contrast, tubule fluid production depended mainly on intratesticular @entity251 levels and occurred normally in intact or hypophysectomized @entity35 with @entity101 but not LT implants. These results indicate that inhibin and seminiferous tubule fluid production, both functions of the Sertoli cell, are under different hormonal control. The maintenance of inhibin production by the testis requires the support of pituitary hormones, presumably FSH, while seminiferous tubule fluid production requires @entity251 , presumably through LH stimulation of Leydig cells. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibin is produced in response to trophic stimulation by FSH.

title: Effects of XXXX on testicular inhibin and fluid production in intact and hypophysectomized adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: @entity35 were given s.c. implants of high ( @entity101 ) or low (LT) doses of @entity251 and 10 days later hypophysectomy or sham-operation was performed. The @entity35 were killed after 50 days. Unilateral efferent duct ligation was performed 16 h before death to measure seminiferous tubule fluid production and the increment in testicular inhibin values (inhibin production). Inhibin levels in testis cytosols were measured by a pituitary cell culture bioassay. The LT implants maintained serum @entity251 at control values and decreased testicular weight whereas @entity101 implants raised serum @entity251 3-fold and maintained testicular weight at 75-85% of pretreatment levels. In intact @entity35 , LT implants caused no change in testicular inhibin content but decreased inhibin production; no significant changes occurred with @entity101 implants. After hypophysectomy both values were significantly suppressed and could not be maintained by @entity101 or LT implants. However, the @entity101 implants partly restored inhibin production despite their inability to influence testicular inhibin content. In contrast, tubule fluid production depended mainly on intratesticular @entity251 levels and occurred normally in intact or hypophysectomized @entity35 with @entity101 but not LT implants. These results indicate that inhibin and seminiferous tubule fluid production, both functions of the Sertoli cell, are under different hormonal control. The maintenance of inhibin production by the testis requires the support of pituitary hormones, presumably FSH, while seminiferous tubule fluid production requires @entity251 , presumably through LH stimulation of Leydig cells. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibin is produced in response to trophic stimulation by FSH.

title: Effects of @entity251 on testicular inhibin and fluid production in intact and hypophysectomized adult XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We have employed the recently developed competitive ligand binding assay (CLBA) to study thyroid hormone binding inhibitor (THBI) in ether extracts of sera of 25 @entity1 admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit with a variety of @entity221 ( @entity221 ). THBI was detected in 60% (15/25) of @entity1 using one sample/ @entity1 and in 88% (15/17) using multiple (two to six) samples from different days. Mortality rate and mean serum concentrations of total T4, total T3, and albumin were similar in THBI-positive and THBI-negative @entity1 . There was a tendency for a higher frequency of low serum total T4 in THBI-positive (10/15) than in THBI-negative (3/10) @entity1 but the difference was not statistically significant (P less than 0.1 by Chi square). However, the mean dialyzable fraction of T4 (DFT4 0.11 +/- 0.02%, n = 9 v 0.054 +/- 0.004%, n = 10) and DFT3 (0.54 +/- 0.05% v 0.40 +/- 0.032%) were both significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in THBI-positive @entity1 than THBI-negative @entity1 . There was a significant correlation between THBI and DFT4 (r = 0.55, P less than 0.02) or DFT3 (r = 0.54, P less than 0.02). Prior extraction of serum with ether reduced DFT4 in @entity221 @entity1 with high baseline DFT4 but not in normal subjects or @entity221 @entity1 with mildly abnormal baseline DFT4. Addition to a normal serum (0.1 mL) of evaporated ether extract of a pooled @entity221 serum (0.10- to 3.0-mL equivalent) increased DFT4 progressively from 0.025% to 0.14%. Similar extract of a pooled serum of normal subjects had little or no effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Serum thyroid hormone binding inhibitor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['nonthyroidal illnesses', 'NTI']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['nonthyroidal illnesses']


abstract: Between May, 1981, and December, 1984, thirteen combined heart-lung transplants were performed in 12 @entity1 for the treatment of @entity6924 . The age range of the recipients was 22 to 42 years. Two @entity1 had undergone previous open cardiac operations; in addition, one had had closure of a persistent ductus arteriosus, one an open lung biopsy, one a pulmonary artery banding, and one @entity1 received a second heart-lung transplant after 3 years. Four recipients died before hospital discharge, one at operation and three at 4, 10, and 33 days after operation. Early symptomatic results and cardiopulmonary function were excellent in all of the survivors. Two @entity1 died 14 and 15 months after transplantation of accelerated graft @entity4288 and @entity1576 , respectively, and six remain alive 7 to 44 months after transplantation. Four of these surviving @entity1 and the two @entity1 who died late subsequently had major @entity358 . Symptoms included progressive @entity1353 , cough (often productive), and fever with physical signs of diffuse crepitations and expiratory rhonchi. Serial pulmonary function tests showed progressive obstructive physiology in all six @entity1 with superimposed restrictive defects in four. Histologic examination of tissue from open lung biopsy or autopsy displayed @entity4154 in five of these @entity1 , one of whom required retransplantation. It is possible that these late changes are the result of rejection, since similar changes in one other @entity1 have now been reversed with augmented immunosuppression. Further understanding of the causes and manifestations of late @entity358 should improve the late functional results of this operation for @entity6924 .

title: Combined heart-lung transplantation for end-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications', 'pulmonary deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans']

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ["Eisenmenger's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity6924 :: (MESH:D004541,Disease) :: ['Eisenmenger's syndrome']


abstract: A three-dimensional view of ligand-receptor recognition at the atomic level is crucial to understand the molecular mechanism of receptor activation. This review describes the structure-function relationships of two receptors important for pharmaceutical science. @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) is the principal growth factor regulating the maturation, proliferation, and differentiation of the precursor cells of neutrophilic granulocytes. We have determined the crystal structure of @entity1261 complexed to the BN-BC domains, the principal ligand binding region of the @entity10735 . In a novel oligomerization scheme, the two receptor domains complex in a 2:2 ratio to the ligand, with a noncrystallographic pseudo-two-fold axis through primarily the interdomain region and secondarily the BC domain. This first structural view of a @entity37165 -type receptor-ligand complex presents a new molecular basis for @entity9730 recognition. The metabotropic @entity2227 receptors (mGluRs) are key receptors in the modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Three different crystal structures of the extracellular ligand-binding region (LBR) of @entity9446 have been determined, in a complex with @entity2227 and in two unliganded forms. They all showed @entity1520 -linked homo-dimers, of which the "active" and "resting" conformations are modulated through the novel dimeric interface by a packed alpha-helical structure. The bilobed protomer architectures flexibly change their domain arrangements between an "open" or "closed" conformation. @entity2227 binding stabilizes both the "active" dimer and "closed" protomer in dynamic equilibrium. Four domain movements within the dimer affect the separation of the transmembrane and intracellular regions and thereby activate the receptor.

title: [Ligand recognition mechanism of @entity10735 and metabotropic XXXX receptor].

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity9730 :: ('8809', 'Gene') :: ['cytokine-receptor']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: A three-dimensional view of ligand-receptor recognition at the atomic level is crucial to understand the molecular mechanism of receptor activation. This review describes the structure-function relationships of two receptors important for pharmaceutical science. @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) is the principal growth factor regulating the maturation, proliferation, and differentiation of the precursor cells of neutrophilic granulocytes. We have determined the crystal structure of @entity1261 complexed to the BN-BC domains, the principal ligand binding region of the @entity10735 . In a novel oligomerization scheme, the two receptor domains complex in a 2:2 ratio to the ligand, with a noncrystallographic pseudo-two-fold axis through primarily the interdomain region and secondarily the BC domain. This first structural view of a @entity37165 -type receptor-ligand complex presents a new molecular basis for @entity9730 recognition. The metabotropic @entity2227 receptors (mGluRs) are key receptors in the modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Three different crystal structures of the extracellular ligand-binding region (LBR) of @entity9446 have been determined, in a complex with @entity2227 and in two unliganded forms. They all showed @entity1520 -linked homo-dimers, of which the "active" and "resting" conformations are modulated through the novel dimeric interface by a packed alpha-helical structure. The bilobed protomer architectures flexibly change their domain arrangements between an "open" or "closed" conformation. @entity2227 binding stabilizes both the "active" dimer and "closed" protomer in dynamic equilibrium. Four domain movements within the dimer affect the separation of the transmembrane and intracellular regions and thereby activate the receptor.

title: [Ligand recognition mechanism of XXXX and metabotropic @entity2227 receptor].

answer: @entity10735 :: (1441,Gene) :: ['G-CSF receptor']


abstract: @entity14755 ( @entity14755 ) is associated with massive @entity3144 of amyloid, which isformed from a mutated @entity20117 ( @entity20117 ) protein. Ninety percent of @entity20117 protein is produced in liver. Liver transplantation (LT) is the only treatment that can halt @entity14755 clinical progression. We studied 35 LT @entity1 . The mean age of the first symptoms was 36.6 years (ranging from 27 to 56), 19 were males, and 16 females, they underwent LT after a mean time of 5 years of symptomatic disease. Fifteen @entity1 followed for more than 24 months after LT had periodic evaluations with clinical and neurophysiological scores (CS and @entity7031 ). Ten were first evaluated before LT (mean follow-up time of 44 months after LT), and 5 were evaluated only after LT (or a mean time of 41 months). Five @entity1 were followed periodically before LT (mean time of 44 months) to study the natural course of this condition. The mortality rate was of 14% in the first 6 months and was related to known complications of the surgery. No @entity204 occurred in the period 6 months to 1 year after LT. Five @entity1 (14%) died 1-2 years after LT, 4 of whom were transplanted in advance stages. In the survival group, CS tended to stabilize shortly after LT and to remain invariable later on. The NSprogressed in the first year following LT, and subsequently it did not increase significantly. LT changed the natural course of @entity14755 -I.

title: Long-term quantitative evaluation of liver transplantation in XXXX (Portuguese V30M).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14755 :: ('MESH:D028227', 'Disease') :: ['FAP', 'Familial amyloid polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['endoneurial and extracellular deposition']

answer: @entity14755 :: (MESH:D028227,Disease) :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy']


abstract: @entity3619 in @entity1 should be suspected if clinical features and @entity409 tests persist for over one month following an episode of @entity99 , in @entity1 who present with relapsing @entity99 , or those presenting coincidentally with features of @entity409 . Specific investigation must be undertaken to define aetiology. For example, @entity1956 , @entity2360 and @entity8693 must be excluded. Early histological diagnosis by an experienced histopathologist is mandatory. @entity3619 requires no therapy, but careful follow-up is desirable, especially for @entity1956 . If the histological appearances are those of @entity3619 , distinction between @entity97 -associated and autoimmune varieties is necessary. Autoimmune CAH in @entity1 differs from that in adults in that the onset is often acute, response to immunosuppressants usually favourable, and withdrawal of therapy may be successful, especially if diagnosis is established early before serious liver damage occurs. Evidence is presented to suggest that autoimmune CAH is associated with a genetic predisposition to @entity792 , characterized by both antigen-specific and antigen-independent T suppressor cell defects. An antibody-dependent non-T cell cytotoxicity operates against liver cell surface antigens. @entity97 CAH, on the other hand, may respond poorly to immunosuppressants and appropriate therapeutic regimens are not defined. There is some evidence to suggest that early diagnosis and institution of therapy in autoimmune CAH may lessen the incidence of @entity82 on follow-up. Further studies to understand the interaction between hepatocytes, inflammatory cells and non-parenchymal cells in the process of hepatic @entity82 may provide the means of active intervention in this area in the future.

title: XXXX and related disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B', 'hepatitis B-positive cases']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity8693 :: ('MESH:D019896', 'Disease') :: ['alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic persistent hepatitis', 'Chronic hepatitis', 'chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatitis', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['Chronic active hepatitis']


abstract: Numerous investigations in animals and @entity1 on the role of @entity1813 in pregnancy yielded the following results. During normal pregnancy, there is an increased production of @entity1813 with a vasodilatory action, @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and prostacyclin (PGI2), especially in the uteroplacental and renal regions. This additional production contributes to a reduction in peripheral resistance so that the increase of blood volume which is specific for pregnancy can occur without increase in blood pressure. The fact that @entity1813 participate in this mechanism is shown by administration of @entity3009 synthesis inhibitors, thus producing a rise in blood pressure. In the autoregulation of the vessels, interactions between @entity916 angiotensin and @entity1421 and PGI2 are thought to play an important role also in pregnancy. In support of this concept it has been shown that the pregnancy-specific reduction in vasoconstrictor action of angiotensin, is abolished when @entity3009 synthesis inhibitors are given. It is assumed that @entity1421 /PGI2 production and the @entity916 angiotensin production influence each other physiologically. Another important factor in the control of the haemodynamics and @entity1003 is represented by the prostacyclin- @entity2871 system. In normal pregnancy there should be a production equilibrium between the two antagonistic @entity1813 . In @entity1468 this equilibrium, which is particularly marked in the placenta and region of the foetal vessels, is disturbed with decreasing PGI2. The main symptoms of @entity1468 --increase in blood pressure, coagulation disturbances and diminished placental circulation--can be derived from this. In @entity6 and @entity851 , both of which predispose to @entity1468 , similar changes in @entity9610 production have been observed. Hence, in case of @entity1468 with disturbed eicosanoid production the administration of @entity3009 synthesis inhibitors such as peripherally acting analgesics and corticoids is contraindicated. Approaches to a rational therapy such as administration of @entity2871 synthesis inhibitors, a diet with @entity3009 precursors and infusions of PGI2 appear promising according to preliminary results. Further advances may be expected after the function of @entity1813 of the lipoxygenase paths in @entity1468 has been elucidated.

title: [Significance of prostaglandins and other XXXX in the physiology and physiopathology of pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['foetal growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

answer: @entity1813 :: (MESH:D015777,Chemical) :: ['eicosanoids']


abstract: Twenty-two adults with @entity424 of the spinal cord were treated with surgery and postoperative radiation between January 1963 and December 1983. The median age was 47 years. Nineteen @entity1 had grade 1 lesions, two had grade 2 and one grade 3. Ten @entity1 had the myxopapillary histologic subtype (all grade 1) and 12 had the cellular variant. There were 15 distal cord lesions originating from the conus medullaris, filum terminale and/or cauda equina. The remaining seven lesions arose more proximally. Fourteen @entity1 had localized lesions involving one to three @entity1347 , while the remaining eight had extensive @entity424 spanning six to thirteen @entity1347 . The median time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 3 years. Surgical treatment consisted of biopsy only in three @entity1 , subtotal removal in eleven @entity1 and total removal in eight @entity1 . Radiation was given to the spine only in all cases. Five @entity1 received whole spine radiation; seventeen received partial spine treatment, appropriate for the length of the @entity75 . The median dose was 5000 cGy (range 3600-5700 cGy). The disease free survival at 5 and 10 years was 81 and 71%, respectively. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 95%. Seven of twenty-two (32%) @entity1 failed. Factors analyzed for prognostic significance included age, sex, histology, extent of primary, location of primary within the cord, extent of surgical resection and dose. Too few grade 2 and 3 @entity1 precluded meaningful statistical analysis of grade as a prognostic factor. Neither age, sex, histology, extent of primary, location of primary, nor extent of surgical @entity1316 free or overall survival (p greater than 0.05). Four of nineteen (21%) @entity1 with grade 1 lesions failed, while all three @entity1 with grade 2 and 3 lesions did so. Half of the eight @entity1 with extensive @entity424 failed compared to three of fourteen (21%) with limited ones. Six of seventeen (35%) @entity1 failed at doses less than or equal to 5000 cGy while only one of five (20%) failed at doses greater than 5000 cGy. Patterns of failure were analyzed for the seven @entity1 who failed. Six of the seven failures (86% of the failure group, 27% of the overall group) were local, that is, within the initial radiation field at the site of the original @entity5 . A single @entity1 (grade 2) failed in the posterior fossa while remaining NED in the spinal cord (a head CT scan at initial work-up was negative).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Radiotherapeutic management of adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral segments']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['removal significantly affected disease']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['intraspinal ependymomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We adopted a two-stage approach ( @entity7105 trunk procedure) in the repair of extensive @entity449 in 1991, performing 241 procedures in 155 @entity1 . METHODS: Reversed @entity7105 trunk (graft replacement of the descending thoracic aorta followed by ascending/arch replacement) was performed in 18 @entity1 . All other @entity1 underwent conventional staged repair. The first stage was performed in 137 @entity1 , with 86 @entity1 returning for the second stage. RESULTS: First stage 30-day mortality was 9.5% (13 of 137). There was no second stage immediate @entity51 . Second stage mortality was 7.0% (6 of 86). During the interval of 31 days to 6 weeks after stage one, mortality was 10 of 124 (8%). Seven of the 10 interval deaths (70%) were due to rupture of the untreated aortic segment. The mortality rate was 32.1% (18 of 56) in the group of @entity1 who did not return for the second stage repair. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive @entity449 can be repaired with acceptable morbidity and mortality using the @entity7105 trunk technique. After stage one, prompt treatment of the remaining @entity439 is crucial to success.

title: Staged repair of extensive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity1580 is a life-threatening medical condition. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Type B dissections are usually managed clinically during the acute phase. Conventional surgery carries high mortality rates due to the presence of serious complications. We herein present treatment of this condition with a less invasive endovascular approach. Other clinical situations such as penetrating @entity1066 , intramural @entity1410 , and true @entity439 of descending aorta were similarly treated. METHODS: From December 1996 to March 2002, 191 @entity1 with type B dissections were treated with self-expandable, @entity2635 -covered stents. There were 120 @entity1 (62.8%) with type B dissections, 61 @entity1 (31.9%) with true @entity439 , 6 @entity1 (3.1%) with penetrating @entity1066 or intramural @entity1410 , and 4 @entity1 (2.1%) with @entity130 . @entity1 with @entity439 (44) and stents introduced under direct vision through the aortic arch (70) were excluded. The stent graft was delivered in the catheterization laboratory under general anesthesia, with induced @entity551 and heparinization. All stents used were made in Brazil (Braile Biomedics, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP). RESULTS: The procedure was performed in 191 consecutive cases. The success rate was 91.1% (174/191). Success was defined as occlusion of the thoracic intimal tear, or exclusion of the @entity439 without leaks. Hospital mortality was 10.4% (20/191 @entity1 ), due to preoperative comorbidities. Six @entity1 required conversion to surgery. No case of @entity451 was observed. An actuarial survival curve showed 87.4% +/- 29% survival in the late follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Stent grafts are an important development in the treatment of descending aortic @entity439 or dissections. This novel approach may replace conventional surgical treatment of these conditions, with earlier intervention and less morbidity.

title: Revolutionary treatment of XXXX and dissections of descending aorta: the endovascular approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'abdominal aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: 1. Isometric tension responses to electrical stimulation have been studied at 7.5 37.5 degrees C in single, intact fibres of the flexor digitorum brevis muscle of the @entity19 . A large number of reproducible @entity116 could be obtained at temperatures less than or equal to 35 degrees C. 2. The tetanic force per cross-sectional area generated at 25.0 degrees C was 375 +/- 56 kPa (mean +/- S.D., n = 16). 3. The curve relating maximum tetanic tension to temperature exhibited a transition between a level of almost unaltered force (25.0-32.5 degrees C) and a marked force decline (less than or equal to 20.0 degrees C). At temperatures higher than 35.0 degrees C force production was markedly depressed and this reduction was in some cases irreversible. 4. Twitch tension showed less regular dependence on temperature; it was reduced less than tetanic tension at low temperatures. Thus, the twitch/ @entity116 tension ratio was higher at low temperatures. 5. The times for twitch contraction and for twitch half-relaxation (i) ranged from 7 to 14 ms and from 6 to 15 ms at 35.0 degrees C and (ii) exhibited Q10 values of 3.2 +/- 0.4 and 4.0 +/- 0.6, respectively. 6. It is concluded that it is possible to use intact, single fibres dissected from @entity1 skeletal muscle in physiological studies. Our results are close to previous results obtained from @entity1 muscles except that the tetanic tension per cross-sectional area was found to be higher than commonly reported.

title: The temperature dependence of isometric contractions of single, intact fibres dissected from a XXXX foot muscle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetani', 'tetanus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The utility of @entity6237 was evaluated in 93 @entity1 by means of electrophysiologic studies before and after intravenous @entity6237 administration to determine long-term efficacy. Twenty @entity1 had a prior history of at least one @entity1167 and 73 @entity1 had sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). The mean radionuclear ejection fraction was 32 +/- 5%. @entity6237 was evaluated in 93 @entity1 , with 44 @entity1 no longer having @entity1165 following @entity6237 (47% efficacy). @entity1818 was evaluated in 69 @entity1 ; 24 @entity1 had an adverse reaction to reaction to @entity1818 and 28 of the 69 @entity1 were protected on @entity1818 (40% efficacy). The mean serum concentration of @entity6237 achieved in the protected group was 298 +/- 36 ng/ml and 4.3 micrograms/ml for @entity1818 . Both @entity6237 and @entity1818 significantly prolonged refractoriness, lengthened QRS duration, while only @entity1818 increased the QT interval. All 93 @entity1 were discharged on antiarrhythmic therapy, 42 on @entity6237 , 27 on other antiarrhythmic therapy guided by electrophysiologic testing, and 24 on @entity2643 (when all other agents failed). Six of the 42 @entity1 on @entity6237 complained of adverse side effects, but none were severe enough to warrant stopping therapy. Of the 42 @entity1 on @entity6237 , four (9%) died suddenly over 18 +/- 4 months. Twenty-seven @entity1 were on other therapy; eight of these have died, three suddenly (11%), four with @entity583 , and one due to @entity712 . Twenty-four @entity1 started @entity2643 ; 11 have died, five (21%) suddenly, four of @entity712 , one of @entity3794 , and one with @entity583 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chronic XXXX therapy selected by electrophysiology testing of intravenous @entity6237 .

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide', 'flecainide acetate', 'Flecainide']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide', 'Procainamide']

answer: @entity6237 :: (MESH:D005424,Chemical) :: ['flecainide']


abstract: The utility of @entity6237 was evaluated in 93 @entity1 by means of electrophysiologic studies before and after intravenous @entity6237 administration to determine long-term efficacy. Twenty @entity1 had a prior history of at least one @entity1167 and 73 @entity1 had sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). The mean radionuclear ejection fraction was 32 +/- 5%. @entity6237 was evaluated in 93 @entity1 , with 44 @entity1 no longer having @entity1165 following @entity6237 (47% efficacy). @entity1818 was evaluated in 69 @entity1 ; 24 @entity1 had an adverse reaction to reaction to @entity1818 and 28 of the 69 @entity1 were protected on @entity1818 (40% efficacy). The mean serum concentration of @entity6237 achieved in the protected group was 298 +/- 36 ng/ml and 4.3 micrograms/ml for @entity1818 . Both @entity6237 and @entity1818 significantly prolonged refractoriness, lengthened QRS duration, while only @entity1818 increased the QT interval. All 93 @entity1 were discharged on antiarrhythmic therapy, 42 on @entity6237 , 27 on other antiarrhythmic therapy guided by electrophysiologic testing, and 24 on @entity2643 (when all other agents failed). Six of the 42 @entity1 on @entity6237 complained of adverse side effects, but none were severe enough to warrant stopping therapy. Of the 42 @entity1 on @entity6237 , four (9%) died suddenly over 18 +/- 4 months. Twenty-seven @entity1 were on other therapy; eight of these have died, three suddenly (11%), four with @entity583 , and one due to @entity712 . Twenty-four @entity1 started @entity2643 ; 11 have died, five (21%) suddenly, four of @entity712 , one of @entity3794 , and one with @entity583 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chronic @entity6237 therapy selected by electrophysiology testing of intravenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6237 :: (MESH:D005424,Chemical) :: ['flecainide']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity11797 were compared with intravenous @entity3303 in @entity1 with chronic @entity943 in a double-blind, parallel study. Twenty-nine @entity1 were randomized to a @entity11797 (n = 15) or @entity3303 (n = 14) group. Antiarrhythmic efficacy was defined as a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in single @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) frequency, greater than or equal to 90% reduction in paired @entity1540 frequency, and total abolition of @entity1165 . Efficacy was observed in 40% (6 of 15) of @entity1 in the @entity11797 group and in 36% (5 of 14) @entity1 in the @entity3303 group. A 75% or greater reduction in total VPCs occurred in 40% (6 of 15) of @entity1 in the @entity11797 group and in 57% (8 of 14) of @entity1 in the @entity3303 group. Greater than 90% suppression of paired VPCs occurred in 9 of 13 (69%) @entity1 taking @entity11797 and in 6 of 11 (54%) @entity1 taking @entity3303 . Total abolition of @entity1165 was documented in 5 of 11 (45%) @entity1 given @entity11797 and in two of six (33%) @entity1 given @entity3303 . A total of 17 adverse reactions affecting 86% (12 of 14) of @entity1 taking @entity3303 and 11 adverse reactions affecting 53% (8 of 15) of @entity1 taking @entity11797 occurred. Four @entity1 in each treatment group suffered dose-limiting adverse effects. This study suggests that the efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity11797 are similar to that of intravenous @entity3303 in @entity1 with chronic @entity943 .

title: Double-blind randomized comparison of intravenous @entity11797 versus XXXX in the treatment of chronic @entity943 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity11797 :: ('MESH:D016677', 'Chemical') :: ['tocainide']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature complex', 'VPC']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity11797 were compared with intravenous @entity3303 in @entity1 with chronic @entity943 in a double-blind, parallel study. Twenty-nine @entity1 were randomized to a @entity11797 (n = 15) or @entity3303 (n = 14) group. Antiarrhythmic efficacy was defined as a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in single @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) frequency, greater than or equal to 90% reduction in paired @entity1540 frequency, and total abolition of @entity1165 . Efficacy was observed in 40% (6 of 15) of @entity1 in the @entity11797 group and in 36% (5 of 14) @entity1 in the @entity3303 group. A 75% or greater reduction in total VPCs occurred in 40% (6 of 15) of @entity1 in the @entity11797 group and in 57% (8 of 14) of @entity1 in the @entity3303 group. Greater than 90% suppression of paired VPCs occurred in 9 of 13 (69%) @entity1 taking @entity11797 and in 6 of 11 (54%) @entity1 taking @entity3303 . Total abolition of @entity1165 was documented in 5 of 11 (45%) @entity1 given @entity11797 and in two of six (33%) @entity1 given @entity3303 . A total of 17 adverse reactions affecting 86% (12 of 14) of @entity1 taking @entity3303 and 11 adverse reactions affecting 53% (8 of 15) of @entity1 taking @entity11797 occurred. Four @entity1 in each treatment group suffered dose-limiting adverse effects. This study suggests that the efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity11797 are similar to that of intravenous @entity3303 in @entity1 with chronic @entity943 .

title: Double-blind randomized comparison of intravenous @entity11797 versus @entity3303 in the treatment of chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity11797 were compared with intravenous @entity3303 in @entity1 with chronic @entity943 in a double-blind, parallel study. Twenty-nine @entity1 were randomized to a @entity11797 (n = 15) or @entity3303 (n = 14) group. Antiarrhythmic efficacy was defined as a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in single @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) frequency, greater than or equal to 90% reduction in paired @entity1540 frequency, and total abolition of @entity1165 . Efficacy was observed in 40% (6 of 15) of @entity1 in the @entity11797 group and in 36% (5 of 14) @entity1 in the @entity3303 group. A 75% or greater reduction in total VPCs occurred in 40% (6 of 15) of @entity1 in the @entity11797 group and in 57% (8 of 14) of @entity1 in the @entity3303 group. Greater than 90% suppression of paired VPCs occurred in 9 of 13 (69%) @entity1 taking @entity11797 and in 6 of 11 (54%) @entity1 taking @entity3303 . Total abolition of @entity1165 was documented in 5 of 11 (45%) @entity1 given @entity11797 and in two of six (33%) @entity1 given @entity3303 . A total of 17 adverse reactions affecting 86% (12 of 14) of @entity1 taking @entity3303 and 11 adverse reactions affecting 53% (8 of 15) of @entity1 taking @entity11797 occurred. Four @entity1 in each treatment group suffered dose-limiting adverse effects. This study suggests that the efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity11797 are similar to that of intravenous @entity3303 in @entity1 with chronic @entity943 .

title: Double-blind randomized comparison of intravenous XXXX versus @entity3303 in the treatment of chronic @entity943 .

answer: @entity11797 :: (MESH:D016677,Chemical) :: ['tocainide']


abstract: This report describes the course of 23 @entity1 with @entity1582 and severe @entity177 treated with a combination of plasmapheresis, chemotherapy, and supportive measures. Eight of ten @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ) obtained recovery of renal function, and in five of them serum @entity1011 concentration returned to normal. The remaining two @entity1 died before the effect of treatment could be evaluated. Eleven of 13 @entity1 with @entity177 ( @entity177 ) had substantial, albeit incomplete, improvement in renal function. The extent of functional recovery appeared to depend on the type of @entity8 , probably related to the duration of exposure to light chains. The median survival of the whole series of @entity1 was 9 months, and five @entity1 lived longer than 3 years. No clear-cut difference in survival was found between the group with @entity810 and that with @entity177 , although the latter presented higher values of serum @entity1011 at the time of diagnosis and @entity177 after the completion of treatment. Moreover, no significantly different survival times were found when the group with complete recovery of renal function was compared to that with minor improvement. Thus, @entity177 , with the availability of effective forms of treatment of @entity5507 , did not play a major prognostic role in our series. In contrast, the response to chemotherapy appeared to be the outstanding factor conditioning the duration of survival in these @entity1 .

title: Management of XXXX : an anti-light-chain approach.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['residual renal insufficiency', 'renal failure', 'chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['myeloma kidney']


abstract: In this study, we used DNA polymorphisms for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of @entity447 in a large group of Italian families. The restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) investigated were the intragenic polymorphic Bc/I site within the factor VIII gene; the extragenic multiallelic Taq I system at the @entity57319 locus; and the extragenic Bg/II site at the DX13 locus. The factor VIII probe was informative in 30%, @entity57319 in 82%, and DX13 in 60% of obligate carriers. The combination of factor VIII-Bc/I and @entity57319 -Taq I showed that 91% of obligate carriers were heterozygotes for one or both; with all three probes, only 4% of obligate carriers were noninformative. In families clearly segregating for @entity447 , RFLP analysis allowed us to define the carrier status for the @entity447 gene in all 27 @entity1 tested. RFLP analysis allowed us to exclude the carrier status in 39 of 45 female relatives of sporadic @entity1 . The combination of RFLP analysis and biological assay of factor VIII allowed us to identify a de novo mutation in the maternal grandfather in 7 of 12 of the families with sporadic cases, for which members of three generations were available for study. Nine of 10 couples requesting prenatal diagnosis provided informative RFLP DNA pattern. Carrier status was excluded in two @entity1 , two fetuses were shown to be female, and prenatal diagnosis was carried out in five pregnancies by DNA analysis. Prenatal testing was successful in three instances and failed in two because a sufficient amount of chorionic villous DNA was not obtained for the analysis.

title: XXXX : carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis by DNA analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['Hemophilia A']