abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the @entity1496 -unstained region expanding around @entity957 ( @entity957 ) by quantification of telomerase activity. The @entity5115 often observed around @entity957 is considered to cause local recurrence or a second @entity5 . However these areas are hard to distinguish from normal mucosa. To clear the border of the expanding @entity5115 around @entity957 , we stained with 3% @entity1496 solution, and then decided the surgical margin. We measured quantification of telomerase activity in @entity5 , in @entity5115 , and also in normal epithelium. Thirty-three primary cases of oral @entity957 which have @entity1496 -unstained region around lesions were investigated. Fluorescense-based @entity2870 was applied to obtain quantification of telomerase activity. We obtained the following results: histological examination confirmed that every @entity1 's unstained region consisted of various degrees of @entity5115 . The quantified telomerase activities for @entity957 , @entity5115 and normal epithelium were 53.9, 39.6 and 2.7 U/microgP, respectively, and there was a significant difference between @entity189 and normal areas, and between @entity1141 and normal epithelium. Therefore, these findings suggest that the areas of @entity5115 unstained by @entity1496 consist of cells that are nearly cancerous and excessively proliferative, and that @entity5115 around @entity957 should be resected together with the @entity5 . Vital staining with @entity1496 is useful for identifying @entity5115 around @entity957 .

title: Quantification of telomerase activity of regions unstained with XXXX solution that surround @entity957 .

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: The @entity19 immunoglobulin kappa gene enhancer has previously been found to coincide with a region of altered chromatin structure reflected in a @entity9828 hypersensitivity site detectable on Southern blots of B-cell DNA. We examined the chromatin structure of the homologous region of @entity1 DNA using the high-resolution electroblotting method originally developed for genomic sequence analysis by G. Church and W. Gilbert (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:1991-1995, 1984). Analysis of DNA isolated from cells treated in vivo with @entity28036 revealed two B-cell-specific sites of enhanced @entity2774 methylation. Both sites are located within perfect inverted repeats theoretically capable of forming cruciform structures; one of these repeats overlaps an enhancer core sequence. No enhancement or protection of @entity2774 methylation was observed within sequences similar to sites of altered methylation previously described in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer. Treatment of isolated nuclei with @entity9828 or a variety of restriction endonucleases defined a B-cell-specific approximately 0.25-kilobase region of enhanced nuclease susceptibility similar to that observed in the @entity19 kappa enhancer. The 130-base-pair DNA segment that shows high sequence conservation between @entity1 , @entity19 , and @entity95 DNAs lies at the 5' end of the nuclease-susceptible region.

title: XXXX immunoglobulin kappa gene enhancer: chromatin structure analysis at high resolution.

entities_list: @entity28036 :: ('MESH:C007482', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The basis for the reduced maximum diastolic potential of @entity235 @entity299 surviving one day after extensive transmural @entity1188 was investigated, using double-barrel @entity972 and @entity1372 ion-sensitive microelectrodes. The maximum diastolic potential of Purkinje fibers in @entity1188 preparations from the left ventricular apex measured during the first hour of superfusion in a tissue bath was -50.1 +/- 13.7 mV, a value markedly reduced from the value in control Purkinje fibers from noninfarcted preparations (-85.0 +/- 4.5 mV). The intracellular @entity972 ion activity was reduced by 50.4 mM during this time (intracellular @entity972 ion activity equals 61.6 +/- 16.1 mM, as compared to control intracellular @entity972 ion activity of 112 +/- 19.8 mM). The @entity972 equilibrium potential was reduced by 16.0 mV (from -97.2 +/- 4.7 mV in controls to -81.2 +/- 6.9 mV), thus accounting for about one half of the reduction in the maximum diastolic potential. After 6 hours of superfusion, the maximum diastolic potential increased to -78.9 +/- 8.7 mV (still significantly less than control). The @entity972 equilibrium potential had largely recovered (-93.8 +/- 5.9 mV). The intracellular @entity1372 ion activity of Purkinje fibers in the @entity1188 (15.6 +/- 6.9 mM) was elevated during the first hour of superfusion by 6.2 mM compared to control (9.4 +/- 2.6 mM), and this was only 12% as much as the initial intracellular @entity972 ion activity decrease. @entity1372 ion activity after 3-6 hours of superfusion was not significantly different than normal (12.1 +/- 4.9 mM). In conclusion, only a portion of the maximum diastolic potential changes can be explained by a reduction of the @entity972 equilibrium potential. It is likely that change(s) in the cell membrane @entity1372 - @entity972 pump's function and in the membrane conductance are also involved. Furthermore, the lack of a compensatory increase in intracellular @entity1372 ion activity accompanying the large reduction of intracellular @entity972 ion activity may be a consequence of the cellular acidosis, which is known to occur during @entity741 .

title: Intracellular K+ activity, intracellular Na+ activity and maximum diastolic potential of @entity235 subendocardial Purkinje cells from one-day-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium', 'Sodium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac subendocardial Purkinje fibers']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarcts']


abstract: The basis for the reduced maximum diastolic potential of @entity235 @entity299 surviving one day after extensive transmural @entity1188 was investigated, using double-barrel @entity972 and @entity1372 ion-sensitive microelectrodes. The maximum diastolic potential of Purkinje fibers in @entity1188 preparations from the left ventricular apex measured during the first hour of superfusion in a tissue bath was -50.1 +/- 13.7 mV, a value markedly reduced from the value in control Purkinje fibers from noninfarcted preparations (-85.0 +/- 4.5 mV). The intracellular @entity972 ion activity was reduced by 50.4 mM during this time (intracellular @entity972 ion activity equals 61.6 +/- 16.1 mM, as compared to control intracellular @entity972 ion activity of 112 +/- 19.8 mM). The @entity972 equilibrium potential was reduced by 16.0 mV (from -97.2 +/- 4.7 mV in controls to -81.2 +/- 6.9 mV), thus accounting for about one half of the reduction in the maximum diastolic potential. After 6 hours of superfusion, the maximum diastolic potential increased to -78.9 +/- 8.7 mV (still significantly less than control). The @entity972 equilibrium potential had largely recovered (-93.8 +/- 5.9 mV). The intracellular @entity1372 ion activity of Purkinje fibers in the @entity1188 (15.6 +/- 6.9 mM) was elevated during the first hour of superfusion by 6.2 mM compared to control (9.4 +/- 2.6 mM), and this was only 12% as much as the initial intracellular @entity972 ion activity decrease. @entity1372 ion activity after 3-6 hours of superfusion was not significantly different than normal (12.1 +/- 4.9 mM). In conclusion, only a portion of the maximum diastolic potential changes can be explained by a reduction of the @entity972 equilibrium potential. It is likely that change(s) in the cell membrane @entity1372 - @entity972 pump's function and in the membrane conductance are also involved. Furthermore, the lack of a compensatory increase in intracellular @entity1372 ion activity accompanying the large reduction of intracellular @entity972 ion activity may be a consequence of the cellular acidosis, which is known to occur during @entity741 .

title: Intracellular K+ activity, intracellular Na+ activity and maximum diastolic potential of XXXX subendocardial Purkinje cells from one-day-old @entity1188 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: A test battery compiled to diagnose @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ) in an adult population was used on a population of 9-16-year-old @entity1 . The battery consisted of eight tests (words -in noise, filtered speech, binaural fusion, dichotic digits, frequency and duration patterns, backward masking, categorical perception, digit span) and a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were computed on data obtained from 75 @entity1 from primary school (age 9-12 years) and 30 adolescents from secondary school (age 14-16 years) with normal hearing and normal intelligence. Most test scores did not follow a normal distribution. Age effects were present in most tests, within the group as well as when @entity1 and adolescents were compared to adults. This suggests that maturation of auditory processing abilities takes place even during adolescence. Relative measures regarding ear differences and binaural versus monaural scores did not appear to be age-related. These measures might be useful in diagnosing APD, supplementary to the absolute measures. Factor analysis showed four components that address underlying processes. However, these results must be interpreted cautiously because the study did not include any subjects with APD.

title: Age effects and normative data on a Dutch test battery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['APDs', 'auditory processing disorders']

answer: @entity1650 :: (MESH:D001308,Disease) :: ['auditory processing disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity741 is associated with high rates of mortality and it is the most prevalent among @entity65 . It is a multifactorial disease, and its prevention depends on control of risk factors. Resting electrocardiogram can be used to detect manifestations of @entity741 , since some electrocardiographic abnormalities are indicative of @entity301 in asymptomatic subjects. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between electrocardiographic abnormalities and risk factors for @entity741 in an adult population from the metropolitan area of S  o Paulo. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in an adult population (age 20 years and over) from Cotia, near S  o Paulo, southeastern of Brazil. The study population comprised 1067 subjects. The subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire. The variables studied were: gender, age, smoking behaviour, physical activity, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, @entity6 , blood lipids (total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 and @entity1674 ) and electrocardiographic abnormalities. @entity854 were grouped according to the classification: @entity1619 changes, @entity4346 and abnormalities non related to @entity741 or without abnormalities. RESULTS: The population was relatively -young (79% younger than 50 years, mean age 39.8 +/- 13.2 years old), and 59.3% were female. The resting electrocardiogram showed @entity1619 changes in 9.5% of the subjects and @entity4346 in 3.3%. Female gender, age over 65 years for @entity1 and 55 years for @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity101 , total @entity165 >/= 200 mg/dl, LDL- @entity165 >/=130 mg/dl, @entity1674 >/=200 mg/dl, body mass index >/= 25 Kg/m2 and abnormal waist-to-hip ratio, were positively related to @entity1619 changes. Male gender, @entity6 , @entity101 and smoking behaviour were positively related to @entity4346 . In the presence of @entity1619 changes on the ECG, we observed an odds ratio of 3.54 for the diagnosis of @entity101 an of 1.83 for total @entity165 >/= 200 mg/dl. In the presence of @entity4346 on the ECG, we found an odds ratio of 5.92 for @entity101 diagnosis. Among the three most important risk factors correlated to electrocardiographic abnormalities indicative of @entity741 , two can be controlled by nutritional intervention ( @entity101 and total @entity165 >/= 200 mg/dl). This findings suggest the importance of its early detection. Future studies should determine the predictive value of the electrocardiogram, a simple and inexpensive method, suggesting the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in epidemiological and nutritional studies.

title: [ XXXX and cardiovascular risk factors for @entity741 in an adult population from S  o Paulo, Brazil].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'systolic hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglycerides', 'triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Electrocardiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic heart disease', 'ischemic heart disease', 'ischemic myocardial disease', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Electrocardiographic abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity741 is associated with high rates of mortality and it is the most prevalent among @entity65 . It is a multifactorial disease, and its prevention depends on control of risk factors. Resting electrocardiogram can be used to detect manifestations of @entity741 , since some electrocardiographic abnormalities are indicative of @entity301 in asymptomatic subjects. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between electrocardiographic abnormalities and risk factors for @entity741 in an adult population from the metropolitan area of S  o Paulo. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in an adult population (age 20 years and over) from Cotia, near S  o Paulo, southeastern of Brazil. The study population comprised 1067 subjects. The subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire. The variables studied were: gender, age, smoking behaviour, physical activity, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, @entity6 , blood lipids (total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 and @entity1674 ) and electrocardiographic abnormalities. @entity854 were grouped according to the classification: @entity1619 changes, @entity4346 and abnormalities non related to @entity741 or without abnormalities. RESULTS: The population was relatively -young (79% younger than 50 years, mean age 39.8 +/- 13.2 years old), and 59.3% were female. The resting electrocardiogram showed @entity1619 changes in 9.5% of the subjects and @entity4346 in 3.3%. Female gender, age over 65 years for @entity1 and 55 years for @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity101 , total @entity165 >/= 200 mg/dl, LDL- @entity165 >/=130 mg/dl, @entity1674 >/=200 mg/dl, body mass index >/= 25 Kg/m2 and abnormal waist-to-hip ratio, were positively related to @entity1619 changes. Male gender, @entity6 , @entity101 and smoking behaviour were positively related to @entity4346 . In the presence of @entity1619 changes on the ECG, we observed an odds ratio of 3.54 for the diagnosis of @entity101 an of 1.83 for total @entity165 >/= 200 mg/dl. In the presence of @entity4346 on the ECG, we found an odds ratio of 5.92 for @entity101 diagnosis. Among the three most important risk factors correlated to electrocardiographic abnormalities indicative of @entity741 , two can be controlled by nutritional intervention ( @entity101 and total @entity165 >/= 200 mg/dl). This findings suggest the importance of its early detection. Future studies should determine the predictive value of the electrocardiogram, a simple and inexpensive method, suggesting the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in epidemiological and nutritional studies.

title: [ @entity854 and cardiovascular risk factors for XXXX in an adult population from S  o Paulo, Brazil].

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: The sand- @entity35 (Psammomys obesus) is an animal model for the study of @entity1 @entity2175 onset @entity6 which appears to be controlled by caloric intake. In the present investigations, these animals have been studied in relation to the influence of low- and high-energy diets on body weight, plasma insulin and blood @entity413 levels, and on insulin secretion from the perfused pancreas and the secretion of @entity75 ( @entity75 , ACTH18-39) and the insulin secretagogue beta-cell-tropin (beta-CT, ACTH22-39) from the @entity4611 . The sand- @entity35 maintained on the high-energy diet all became @entity28 . Insulin secretion from the perfused pancreas of the @entity28 sand- @entity35 in the presence of 5.6 mM @entity413 was significantly higher than in the lean controls maintained on low-energy diets. Increasing the @entity413 concentration to 16.7 mM only produced a small stimulation of insulin secretion in the @entity28 animals, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. Stimulation of insulin secretion by beta-CT was variable, but the @entity28 animals appeared to be more responsive. @entity4611 were incubated for 4 h to measure the secretion of the ACTH related peptide. These were separated by gel filtration and the concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay with a @entity75 antiserum and a @entity75 standard. In all experiments beta-CT was 4-6 per cent of the total @entity75 immunoreactive material. In these experiments the @entity28 animals maintained on a high-energy diet were divided into two groups, those with plasma insulin levels less than 500 mu u/ml and those with insulin levels greater than 500 mu u/ml. The latter group had a significantly higher blood @entity413 level, presumably due to the insulin resistance resulting from the severe hyperinsulinaemia. It was also observed that @entity75 -IRM and beta-CT secretion was lower in this group than in the animals maintained on low-energy diets or those on high-energy diets with moderate hyperinsulinaemia. This suggests a possible feedback inhibition by insulin on the secretion of beta-CT.

title: Studies on insulin secretion and the pituitary insulin secretagogue beta-cell-tropin in the sand- XXXX (Psammomys obesus).

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['CLIP', 'corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary neurointermediate lobes', 'pituitary neurointermediate lobe']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Female @entity6069 mutation carriers develop in up to 50% @entity0 ( @entity0 ) before age 50 years. We investigated whether the specific histologic features of @entity5345 /2-associated @entity0 influence imaging. We correlated the mammographic results with the histology of 34 @entity0 in @entity6069 mutation carriers and 34 @entity5 in @entity1 , matched for age and year of diagnosis. Mammography was significantly more frequently false-negative in carriers than controls (62% vs. 29% p = 0.01), despite comparable @entity5 size (mean solidus in circle 1.51 vs. 1.75) and breast density (high 41% vs. 53%). The image in carriers was significantly less as spiculated mass (6 vs. 18 p = 0.01). Cancers of @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers had frequently higher mitotic counts (p < 0.0001) and prominent pushing margins around the @entity5 (p = 0.08) (p = 0.05 for 32 @entity5345 ). We also observed that prominent "pushing margins" correlated significantly with a false-negative mammography (p = 0.005) and with a mammographic image of a smooth, not a spiculated, mass (p = 0.01). False-negative mammography correlated independently with: @entity5345 /2 mutation (p = 0.02), prominent pushing margins (p = 0.03) and high breast density (p = 0.01). MRI was carried out in 12 carriers, had 100% sensitivity and detected 5 @entity5 , still occult at physical examination and mammography. A @entity5345 /2 mutation and high breast density at mammography contribute independently to false-negative mammography results. In mutation carriers any mammographic mass must be regarded with suspicion. Pushing margins of the @entity5 partly explain these results. For early @entity0 detection in mutation carriers additional methods like MRI may be needed. This may not be necessary in other young @entity1 with breast symptoms.

title: A XXXX mutation, high breast density and prominent pushing margins of a @entity5 independently contribute to a frequent false-negative mammography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic cancers', 'tumor', 'cancers']

answer: @entity6069 :: (672;675,Gene) :: ['BRCA1/2']


abstract: Female @entity6069 mutation carriers develop in up to 50% @entity0 ( @entity0 ) before age 50 years. We investigated whether the specific histologic features of @entity5345 /2-associated @entity0 influence imaging. We correlated the mammographic results with the histology of 34 @entity0 in @entity6069 mutation carriers and 34 @entity5 in @entity1 , matched for age and year of diagnosis. Mammography was significantly more frequently false-negative in carriers than controls (62% vs. 29% p = 0.01), despite comparable @entity5 size (mean solidus in circle 1.51 vs. 1.75) and breast density (high 41% vs. 53%). The image in carriers was significantly less as spiculated mass (6 vs. 18 p = 0.01). Cancers of @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers had frequently higher mitotic counts (p < 0.0001) and prominent pushing margins around the @entity5 (p = 0.08) (p = 0.05 for 32 @entity5345 ). We also observed that prominent "pushing margins" correlated significantly with a false-negative mammography (p = 0.005) and with a mammographic image of a smooth, not a spiculated, mass (p = 0.01). False-negative mammography correlated independently with: @entity5345 /2 mutation (p = 0.02), prominent pushing margins (p = 0.03) and high breast density (p = 0.01). MRI was carried out in 12 carriers, had 100% sensitivity and detected 5 @entity5 , still occult at physical examination and mammography. A @entity5345 /2 mutation and high breast density at mammography contribute independently to false-negative mammography results. In mutation carriers any mammographic mass must be regarded with suspicion. Pushing margins of the @entity5 partly explain these results. For early @entity0 detection in mutation carriers additional methods like MRI may be needed. This may not be necessary in other young @entity1 with breast symptoms.

title: A @entity6069 mutation, high breast density and prominent pushing margins of a XXXX independently contribute to a frequent false-negative mammography.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the cellular components of bronchoalveolar washings of @entity291 with experimental @entity15609 -3 virus @entity55 and control @entity291 were made. @entity291 were exposed to 10(9) TCID50 of PI-3 by intranasal aerosol exposure and bronchoalveolar cells obtained 7 days after infection by volume-controlled bronchopulmonary lavage. Transient @entity7405 and @entity221 occurred in all infected @entity291 , and virus was recoverable at 7 days from nasal swabs and lung tissue. Pulmonary lesions were typical of @entity1800 , characterized by patchy @entity3794 and @entity5924 with accumulations of cells and inflammatory debris. The mean total lavage cell yield was elevated in the virus-infected @entity291 , and the percentage of neutrophils was elevated (P less than 0.05). Increased numbers of @entity358 ( @entity358 ) were also recovered but the difference was not significant. Linear regression equations showed that a decreased proportion of @entity358 from virus-infected animals were phagocytic. The mean initial phagocytic rates of macrophages from @entity291 with @entity1800 were significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) over controls. This difference was concentration dependent and required a phagocytic stimulus in excess of 12.5 X 10(6) beads/ml. Studies of phagocytic kinetics showed that @entity358 from @entity291 with @entity1800 had a lower Vmax than @entity358 from control @entity291 , but that Km values were comparable. No differences in @entity358 beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activity were observed. These results indicate depressed phagocytic function in PI-3 virus-inflamed lungs relative to controls. In concert with virus-induced airway lesions, such in vivo depression of @entity358 phagocytic functions would be expected to @entity308 pulmonary particulate clearance and lung defense mechanisms.

title: Alveolar macrophage phagocytic kinetics following pulmonary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity15609 :: ('MESH:D018184', 'Disease') :: ['parainfluenza']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alveolar macrophages', 'PAM']

answer: @entity15609 :: (MESH:D018184,Disease) :: ['parainfluenza-3 virus infection']


abstract: To investigate the relation between left ventricular chamber dynamics in @entity1 and the quantitative analysis of the histologic and biochemical characteristics of left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy material, 15 @entity1 with a wide range of ventricular function were studied. The pressure-volume relation was determined using simultaneous gated radionuclide angiography, echocardiography and micromanometer pressure. The derived chamber dynamics were then compared with quantitative histologic data (percent @entity82 and cell diameter) and @entity855 content measurements obtained from the left ventricular biopsy specimen obtained at the time of the pressure-volume studies. The measures of systolic function correlated linearly with high energy @entity1391 content. The @entity855 /protein ratio (nanomoles) was shown to parallel ejection fraction (r = 0.81), peak ejection rate (r = -0.73) and peak positive maximal rate of rise in left ventricular pressure (dP/dt) (r = 0.79). No correlation was observed between these variables and the percent @entity82 or cell diameter. Variable results were found in comparing the diastolic properties of the left ventricle with the biopsy data. In general, the high energy @entity1391 content correlated with measures of active relaxation, but not with the passive filling characteristics of the left ventricle. The @entity855 /protein ratio was linearly related to peak negative dP/dt (r = -0.74) and the peak filling rate (r = 0.76) but correlated less well with other measures of active and passive @entity15071 . No correlation was found between any diastolic variable and the percent @entity82 or cell diameter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Histologic and biochemical correlates of left ventricular chamber dynamics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity15071 :: ('MESH:C563897', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic filling']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: There exists a strong interaction between @entity581 and @entity4357 , and these membrane lipids are even considered as the drug receptors. To shed some light on the role of such an interaction in the drug nephrotoxicity, we have investigated the influence of @entity581 on @entity7425 metabolism in kidney proximal tubules where these compounds accumulate. Experiments were carried out by measuring 32P labelling of @entity1076 ( @entity18685 ) and of @entity1078 ( @entity1078 ) after incubation of homogenates of isolated proximal tubules with [gamma-32P] @entity855 . The treatment of @entity95 with @entity5154 , @entity801 and @entity4509 (50, 50 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively for seven days) promoted a decrease in 32P-PI-P2 and an increase in 32P-PI-P, when compared to the respective values observed in tubules from untreated @entity95 . Under these conditions, the extent of modifications in lipid labelling was similar with the three drugs tested. In in vitro experiments, the exogenous addition of the above @entity581 to the incubation medium containing tubule homogenates from untreated @entity95 also produced, in a dose dependent manner, a decrease in 32P-PI-P2 and an increase in 32P-PI-P. In the in vitro experiments, however, @entity4509 and @entity801 appeared to be less potent than @entity5154 . The results indicated moreover that @entity7425 metabolism was more sensitive to the in vivo (vs. in vitro) action of the drugs. @entity4357 are involved in @entity141 transport and/or mobilization processes, and @entity581 are known to interfere with the @entity141 binding to membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Aminoglycoside-induced alterations of XXXX metabolism.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity7425 :: ('CHEBI:18179', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositide']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['PI-P2', 'phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity1076 :: ('MESH:C037178', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositides', 'Phosphoinositides']

answer: @entity7425 :: (CHEBI:18179,Chemical) :: ['phosphoinositide']


abstract: A 45-year-old male with incomplete type of Beh  et's disease was operated on because of @entity1028 . The post-operative course was uneventful. On twenty-one months after discharge, the @entity1 noticed left @entity158 and tarry stool, and was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography and angiography showed @entity2009 at the proximal aortic @entity834 site. Aortic reconstruction was performed, but the @entity1 died on 36th post-operative day. We analysed the reports of 95 cases of @entity439 associated with vasculo-Beh  et's disease in Japan. This series comprised 82 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 and 4 unknowns. The cases were classified to four groups, which were incomplete type (48 cases), complete type (27 cases), suspected type (12 cases) and unknown (8 cases). They had 46 @entity439 . Operation was performed on 29 @entity449 and 73 peripheral @entity439 . Eleven @entity449 and twelve peripheral @entity439 had @entity834 complication post-operatively. Four cases after reconstruction of @entity1028 was complicated with @entity2009 . They were all dead post-operatively. Vasculo-Beh  et's disease with @entity449 is comparatively a rare entity and morbidity and mortality is high because of its etiological characteristics.

title: [A case of @entity2009 after reconstruction of an XXXX associated with Beh  et's disease and special reference to 95 reported cases in Japan].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic']

entities_list: @entity2009 :: ('MESH:C537782', 'Disease') :: ['aorto-enteric fistula']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms and 108 peripheral aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: A 45-year-old male with incomplete type of Beh  et's disease was operated on because of @entity1028 . The post-operative course was uneventful. On twenty-one months after discharge, the @entity1 noticed left @entity158 and tarry stool, and was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography and angiography showed @entity2009 at the proximal aortic @entity834 site. Aortic reconstruction was performed, but the @entity1 died on 36th post-operative day. We analysed the reports of 95 cases of @entity439 associated with vasculo-Beh  et's disease in Japan. This series comprised 82 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 and 4 unknowns. The cases were classified to four groups, which were incomplete type (48 cases), complete type (27 cases), suspected type (12 cases) and unknown (8 cases). They had 46 @entity439 . Operation was performed on 29 @entity449 and 73 peripheral @entity439 . Eleven @entity449 and twelve peripheral @entity439 had @entity834 complication post-operatively. Four cases after reconstruction of @entity1028 was complicated with @entity2009 . They were all dead post-operatively. Vasculo-Beh  et's disease with @entity449 is comparatively a rare entity and morbidity and mortality is high because of its etiological characteristics.

title: [A case of XXXX after reconstruction of an @entity1028 associated with Beh  et's disease and special reference to 95 reported cases in Japan].

answer: @entity2009 :: (MESH:C537782,Disease) :: ['aorto-enteric fistula']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effect of 5 mg @entity14295 for 4 days was tested with ice-cubes before and after 4 days of treatment in 12 @entity1 with cold @entity110 . They had been asked not to take any antihistamine for at least 4 days. OBJECTIVE: To find the effect of @entity14295 on wheals and itching induced by cold. METHOD: Ice-cubes in a thin plastic foil were placed on the inside of forearms for 0.5 to12 minutes. The time needed to produce a confluent @entity110 , four or more small wheals and fewer than four small wheals were registered, together with the degree of itching. RESULTS: Before treatment a mean of 6.2 minutes was needed to cause a confluent @entity110 , and itching occurred in seven of the @entity1 . Four or more small wheals were observed after a mean of 3.7 minutes and fewer than four after a mean of 1.2 minutes. One 5 mg tablet of @entity14295 was then given each morning for 4 days and the ice-cube test was repeated 4-5 hours after the last dose: no confluent @entity110 and no itching occurred in any of the @entity1 . Four or more small wheals were seen in two @entity1 after 12 minutes, but there was no such reaction in the other 10 @entity1 ; in seven @entity1 one to three small wheals developed. After 2-3 months of continued treatment four @entity1 had noticed some wheals when out in the cold, but no itching. The symptoms of one @entity1 with a delayed reaction after exposure to @entity2402 totally after a dose increase to 10 mg. CONCLUSION: @entity14295 markedly inhibited the reactions to cold induced @entity110 .

title: Inhibition of cold XXXX by @entity14295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['cold disappeared']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity14295 :: ('MESH:C121345', 'Chemical') :: ['Desloratadine', 'desloratadine']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effect of 5 mg @entity14295 for 4 days was tested with ice-cubes before and after 4 days of treatment in 12 @entity1 with cold @entity110 . They had been asked not to take any antihistamine for at least 4 days. OBJECTIVE: To find the effect of @entity14295 on wheals and itching induced by cold. METHOD: Ice-cubes in a thin plastic foil were placed on the inside of forearms for 0.5 to12 minutes. The time needed to produce a confluent @entity110 , four or more small wheals and fewer than four small wheals were registered, together with the degree of itching. RESULTS: Before treatment a mean of 6.2 minutes was needed to cause a confluent @entity110 , and itching occurred in seven of the @entity1 . Four or more small wheals were observed after a mean of 3.7 minutes and fewer than four after a mean of 1.2 minutes. One 5 mg tablet of @entity14295 was then given each morning for 4 days and the ice-cube test was repeated 4-5 hours after the last dose: no confluent @entity110 and no itching occurred in any of the @entity1 . Four or more small wheals were seen in two @entity1 after 12 minutes, but there was no such reaction in the other 10 @entity1 ; in seven @entity1 one to three small wheals developed. After 2-3 months of continued treatment four @entity1 had noticed some wheals when out in the cold, but no itching. The symptoms of one @entity1 with a delayed reaction after exposure to @entity2402 totally after a dose increase to 10 mg. CONCLUSION: @entity14295 markedly inhibited the reactions to cold induced @entity110 .

title: Inhibition of cold @entity110 by XXXX .

answer: @entity14295 :: (MESH:C121345,Chemical) :: ['desloratadine']


abstract: The possible influence of pretreatment @entity1 characteristics upon the probabilities of complete remission (CR) induction and maintenance was investigated in a series of 815 nonresected @entity1 with @entity151 . All @entity1 underwent pretreatment staging which enabled allocation of 391 @entity1 to trials for limited stage disease and 424 @entity1 to trials for @entity66 . Three controlled trials for @entity66 stage were conducted between 1973 and 1981. All therapeutic regimens consisted of combinations of between three and six agents ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity1499 , @entity1891 , @entity632 , @entity2879 ) with or without irradiation. Thirty-five % of the limited stage @entity1 and 18% of the extensive stage @entity1 were alive and had achieved a complete remission 16 weeks after initiation of the treatment, i.e., after four cycles of chemotherapy. Relationships between pretreatment characteristics and the probability to pass this benchmark were examined by logistic regression analysis. The probability of CR was negatively related to increased serum @entity880 dehydrogenase and male sex in both disease stages. Pretreatment @entity417 (less than 12 g/liter) and poor performance status were associated with a reduced CR rate in limited and extensive stage disease, respectively. Factors related to the maintenance of complete remission were subsequently examined in the 211 complete responders by use of Cox's regression analysis. Complete responders with @entity66 prior to treatment had greater cumulative risk of relapse than those with limited disease (P less than 0.01). @entity2753 had a significant negative influence on the remission duration in limited disease while age greater than 60 years and bone marrow metastases had significantly negative influence in @entity66 . Using the models it was possible to identify subgroups of @entity1 with CR rates ranging from 5 to 55% and to stratify complete responders according to estimated risks of subsequent relapse.

title: Determinants of complete remission induction and maintenance in chemotherapy with or without irradiation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease', 'each disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['Hyponatremia']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Three mAb to variable region determinants of the alpha/beta-chain TCR were used to detect discrete populations of peripheral blood T cells. T cells sharing a TCR determinant defined by such an antibody presumably use the same or similar TCR V or J genes for their alpha- or beta-chains. Thus analysis with these mAb provides a tool to investigate TCR gene usage and expression. Since autoantigen specific T cells may play an important role in initiating @entity792 , TCR were analyzed in different @entity792 and control groups including @entity309 , @entity2743 , @entity3039 , @entity1569 , @entity1252 , @entity1723 , and in nonautoimmune control diseases and normals. Purified T cells were stained by indirect immunofluorescence with three mAb to TCR variable regions: mAb S511 stains 1.8 +/- 0.9% (mean +/- 2 SD), mAb C37 stains 3.4 +/- 1.5% and mAb OT145 stains from 0 to 6% of T cells from normal donors. Several individuals were identified with expanded subsets of positive T cells. One @entity1 with adult ITP followed during a 12-mo period consistently had elevated percentages of T cells staining with the mAb OT145 (15.9 to 24.5%). These cells were found to be exclusively @entity405 +. By Southern blotting DNA prepared from these OT145+, @entity405 + cells, but not DNA from the @entity1 's OT145- T cells, revealed a clonal rearrangement using a beta-chain C region probe. Thus this @entity1 had a monoclonal expansion of @entity405 +, OT145+ cells. Hyperexpression of a TCR variable region, as defined by the available mAb, could not be associated with any of the diseases studied. Examination of T cells at the site of @entity792 , such as T cells from @entity309 synovial fluid, revealed normal percentages of cells staining with these mAb. Immunoperoxidase staining of psoriatic lesional skin showed no striking enrichment of T cells bearing one or the other TCR type.

title: T cell antigen receptors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['Graves disease']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between corticosteroid use and central @entity989 (CSC). DESIGN: A prospective, case-controlled study. @entity1 AND CONTROLS: A consecutive series of @entity1 with acute manifestations of CSC and a control group matched for age, race, and gender were recruited between January 2000 and July 2000. METHODS: A detailed clinical history was taken, and fundus examination with slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed on all @entity1 . Fluorescein angiography was obtained on the study @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 50 @entity1 was recruited. Twenty-six @entity1 (52%) had a history of exogenous @entity134 use, including oral, intravenous, intranasal, and intraarticular administration. Two additional @entity1 had a history of endogenous @entity699 ( @entity699 ). In a matched control group, eight @entity1 (18%) had a history of @entity134 use. The difference in corticosteroid exposure between study @entity1 and controls was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: History of corticosteroid use or @entity699 . CONCLUSIONS: This study is consistent with previous reports associating @entity134 use with CSC. It identifies corticosteroids as a significant risk factor for the development of acute, exudative macular manifestation and implicates @entity699 as a factor in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Several forms of @entity228 administration were observed to be a risk factor for CSC. Accordingly, susceptible @entity1 in need of corticosteroids should be advised of the risk of developing acute manifestations of CSC.

title: Corticosteroids and central XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['hypercortisolism', "Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['serous chorioretinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['serous chorioretinopathy']


abstract: Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) reliably induces durable remission in 75-80% of @entity1 with relapsed @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To identify immunological targets of the graft-versus- @entity1778 response (GVL) after DLI, we used @entity1860 post-DLI responder sera to screen a @entity1860 cDNA expression library. One of the antigens identified in this screen is a M(r) 28,000 protein, termed CML28. CML28 is identical to @entity71013 , a component of the @entity1 exosome, a multiprotein complex involved in the 3' processing of RNA. Components of the @entity1 exosome include known autoantigens, such as @entity18907 , an autoantibody target in @entity1 with @entity6558 , @entity2631 , or @entity6558 - @entity2631 overlap syndrome. Recombinant CML28-GST fusion protein was purified, and used in Western blot and ELISA to demonstrate the development of a high-titer CML28-specific IgG antibody response in a @entity1 with relapsed @entity1860 who responded to DLI. Northern blotting demonstrated that CML28 is highly expressed in a variety of hematopoietic and @entity5 cell lines, but not in normal hematopoietic tissues or other normal tissue, with the exception of testis. Purified recombinant CML28 was used to generate a CML28-specific murine monoclonal antibody. Western blotting with CML28 monoclonal antibody against whole-cell lysates derived from blood and marrow of normal donors and @entity1 with @entity1778 revealed high expression of this antigen in @entity5 but not in normal samples. Because CML28 was highly expressed in @entity5 cell lines, anti-CML28 responses were also examined in @entity1 with solid @entity5 . By ELISA, we found specific serological responses in 10-33% of @entity1 with @entity2 , @entity320 , and @entity263 . Our studies suggest that immunogenicity of CML28 is likely because of overexpression of this antigen in @entity5 cells. Moreover, given its expression and immunogenicity in a wide variety of @entity5 , CML28 merits additional evaluation as a target for antigen-specific immunotherapy.

title: CML28 is a broadly immunogenic antigen, which is overexpressed in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies', 'epithelial tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: This paper reviews @entity148 , @entity4697 , and @entity913 as they were described in landmark works, along with more recent epidemiologic studies of the disorders. The author discusses clinical syndromes of @entity148 as outlined in the DSM-III: @entity8396 , social @entity913 , generalized @entity148 , @entity4697 , simple phobic states, and @entity3119 , relating them to Phobic @entity148 and to earlier descriptions by Westphal and Benedict. The paper addresses the problem of delineating @entity148 and phobic states from @entity308 , with regard to diagnosis and treatment outcome. Various etiological bases of @entity8396 , @entity4697 , and @entity148 are suggested: heredity, life events and circumstances, family background and developmental history, the premorbid personality, and some psychological aspects. Several questions are explored on the relationships of @entity8396 , @entity148 and @entity4697 attacks. For example, is @entity8396 a new disease or one stage in the development of severe chronic @entity148 ? Are the @entity913 of @entity8396 acquired by conditioning or learning? Are "panics" spontaneous or physiological? Are @entity4697 attacks the first event in the primary cause of @entity8396 ? For future work the authors propose a reassessment of the prevalence of @entity8396 and related disorders, a more careful definition of the @entity74 , and thorough clinical investigation of the various treatment modalities in well-defined populations. The past twenty years' achievements in behavioural and pharmacological treatments for @entity8396 are briefly recapitulated.

title: XXXX , @entity4697 : an overview.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['phobia', 'phobic disorders', 'phobias']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety-Depersonalization Syndrome', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorder', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobic disorders']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: This paper reviews @entity148 , @entity4697 , and @entity913 as they were described in landmark works, along with more recent epidemiologic studies of the disorders. The author discusses clinical syndromes of @entity148 as outlined in the DSM-III: @entity8396 , social @entity913 , generalized @entity148 , @entity4697 , simple phobic states, and @entity3119 , relating them to Phobic @entity148 and to earlier descriptions by Westphal and Benedict. The paper addresses the problem of delineating @entity148 and phobic states from @entity308 , with regard to diagnosis and treatment outcome. Various etiological bases of @entity8396 , @entity4697 , and @entity148 are suggested: heredity, life events and circumstances, family background and developmental history, the premorbid personality, and some psychological aspects. Several questions are explored on the relationships of @entity8396 , @entity148 and @entity4697 attacks. For example, is @entity8396 a new disease or one stage in the development of severe chronic @entity148 ? Are the @entity913 of @entity8396 acquired by conditioning or learning? Are "panics" spontaneous or physiological? Are @entity4697 attacks the first event in the primary cause of @entity8396 ? For future work the authors propose a reassessment of the prevalence of @entity8396 and related disorders, a more careful definition of the @entity74 , and thorough clinical investigation of the various treatment modalities in well-defined populations. The past twenty years' achievements in behavioural and pharmacological treatments for @entity8396 are briefly recapitulated.

title: @entity148 , XXXX : an overview.

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['panic and phobic disorders']


abstract: To investigate the morphologic correlates of @entity177 and @entity851 resulting from chronic partial @entity1695 in the neonate, @entity840 were subjected to unilateral ureteral constriction within the first 2 days of life and were studied at 3 and 8 wk of age. Severity of histologic changes in the obstructed and intact contralateral kidney was assessed by light microscopy. Morphometric glomerular measurements were made using a computerized tracing device. Since contralateral nephrectomy or administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ( @entity4688 ) result in increased blood flow to the obstructed kidney, morphologic changes were also examined in separate groups of animals subjected to these maneuvers, and were compared to appropriate controls. Ipsilateral chronic partial @entity1695 resulted in decreased glomerular volume (p less than 0.0001) and increased glomerular crowding associated with tubular dilatation and progressive @entity8 , @entity194 , and @entity82 . The intact contralateral kidney underwent @entity1184 with increase in glomerular volume (p less than 0.0001) and decreased glomerular density. Contralateral nephrectomy prevented the decrease in glomerular volume in the obstructed kidney and resulted in decreased glomerular density and reduced @entity194 at 3 wk of age. Enalapril prevented the decrease in glomerular volume at 3 wk of age, but glomerular and tubular changes progressed and were unaffected by enalapril at 8 wk. Left kidney glomerular volume was directly related to renal blood flow (r = 0.71, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Morphologic correlates of XXXX in neonatal partial @entity1695 .

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decreased renal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tubular atrophy']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal growth arrest']


abstract: To investigate the morphologic correlates of @entity177 and @entity851 resulting from chronic partial @entity1695 in the neonate, @entity840 were subjected to unilateral ureteral constriction within the first 2 days of life and were studied at 3 and 8 wk of age. Severity of histologic changes in the obstructed and intact contralateral kidney was assessed by light microscopy. Morphometric glomerular measurements were made using a computerized tracing device. Since contralateral nephrectomy or administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ( @entity4688 ) result in increased blood flow to the obstructed kidney, morphologic changes were also examined in separate groups of animals subjected to these maneuvers, and were compared to appropriate controls. Ipsilateral chronic partial @entity1695 resulted in decreased glomerular volume (p less than 0.0001) and increased glomerular crowding associated with tubular dilatation and progressive @entity8 , @entity194 , and @entity82 . The intact contralateral kidney underwent @entity1184 with increase in glomerular volume (p less than 0.0001) and decreased glomerular density. Contralateral nephrectomy prevented the decrease in glomerular volume in the obstructed kidney and resulted in decreased glomerular density and reduced @entity194 at 3 wk of age. Enalapril prevented the decrease in glomerular volume at 3 wk of age, but glomerular and tubular changes progressed and were unaffected by enalapril at 8 wk. Left kidney glomerular volume was directly related to renal blood flow (r = 0.71, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Morphologic correlates of @entity177 in neonatal partial XXXX .

answer: @entity1695 :: (MESH:D014517,Disease) :: ['ureteral obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of spinal manipulation on blood pressure. DESIGN: This randomized clinical trial compared the effects of chiropractic spinal manipulation and diet with diet alone for lowering blood pressure in @entity1 with high-normal blood pressure or stage I @entity101 . Blood pressure observers were blinded to treatment group. SETTING: The study was conducted at the Berman Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research in Minnesota. Chiropractic treatments were administered by chiropractic physicians within private practice settings. @entity1 One hundred and forty @entity1 and @entity1 , aged 25-60 years, with high-normal blood pressure or stage I @entity101 , were enrolled. One hundred and twenty-eight @entity1 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: (i) A dietary intervention program administered by a dietitian or (ii) a dietary intervention program administered by a doctor of chiropractic in conjunction with chiropractic spinal manipulation. The frequency of treatment for both groups was three times per week for 4 weeks, for a total of 12 visits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes for this study were change from baseline in @entity551 . RESULTS: Study groups were comparable at baseline. Changes in potentially confounding covariates did not differ between groups. Average @entity551 were -4.9/5.6 mmHg for diet group and -3.5/4.0 mmHg for the chiropractic group. Between group changes were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with high normal blood pressure or stage I @entity101 , chiropractic spinal manipulation in conjunction with a dietary modification program offered no advantage in lowering either @entity551 compared to diet alone.

title: Treatment of XXXX with Alternative Therapies (THAT) Study: a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in systolic/diastolic blood pressure', 'diastolic and systolic blood pressure', 'diastolic or systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: The effects of @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ), @entity7652 and @entity1855 on intestinal hypersecretion in the @entity95 ileal loop model by the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of @entity526 were studied in relation to their ability to inhibit the stimulation of intestinal adenylate cyclase (AC) by LT. @entity5579 5 mg by the intraluminal (i.1.) route and 4 mg/kg by the intramuscular (i.m.) route significantly reduced LT-induced intestinal hypersecretion. @entity7652 (10 mg) exerted an inhibitory effect, but only after i.1. administration, whereas @entity1855 did not exert any significant inhibitory effect when administered either i.1. (2.5 mg) or i.m. (4 mg/kg). At concentrations of (0.17-1.34) X 10(-3) M @entity5579 , the anti-secretory effect of @entity5579 correlated with its inhibitory effect on @entity95 LT-stimulated intestinal AC. Inhibition of @entity268 synthesis was probably not involved in the mechanism of action of the two other substances. These results indicate that @entity5579 and @entity11922 in general are efficient drugs for reducing LT-induced intestinal hypersecretion and could represent a model for synthesis of new anti-secretory drugs with no tranquiliser side effects.

title: Effects of @entity2644 , @entity7652 and @entity1855 on @entity526 heat-labile enterotoxin-induced intestinal hypersecretion in XXXX ileal loops.

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine', 'Berberine']

entities_list: @entity11922 :: ('MESH:D010640', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazines']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The effects of @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ), @entity7652 and @entity1855 on intestinal hypersecretion in the @entity95 ileal loop model by the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of @entity526 were studied in relation to their ability to inhibit the stimulation of intestinal adenylate cyclase (AC) by LT. @entity5579 5 mg by the intraluminal (i.1.) route and 4 mg/kg by the intramuscular (i.m.) route significantly reduced LT-induced intestinal hypersecretion. @entity7652 (10 mg) exerted an inhibitory effect, but only after i.1. administration, whereas @entity1855 did not exert any significant inhibitory effect when administered either i.1. (2.5 mg) or i.m. (4 mg/kg). At concentrations of (0.17-1.34) X 10(-3) M @entity5579 , the anti-secretory effect of @entity5579 correlated with its inhibitory effect on @entity95 LT-stimulated intestinal AC. Inhibition of @entity268 synthesis was probably not involved in the mechanism of action of the two other substances. These results indicate that @entity5579 and @entity11922 in general are efficient drugs for reducing LT-induced intestinal hypersecretion and could represent a model for synthesis of new anti-secretory drugs with no tranquiliser side effects.

title: Effects of XXXX , @entity7652 and @entity1855 on @entity526 heat-labile enterotoxin-induced intestinal hypersecretion in @entity95 ileal loops.

answer: @entity2644 :: (MESH:D002746,Chemical) :: ['chlorpromazine']


abstract: The effects of @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ), @entity7652 and @entity1855 on intestinal hypersecretion in the @entity95 ileal loop model by the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of @entity526 were studied in relation to their ability to inhibit the stimulation of intestinal adenylate cyclase (AC) by LT. @entity5579 5 mg by the intraluminal (i.1.) route and 4 mg/kg by the intramuscular (i.m.) route significantly reduced LT-induced intestinal hypersecretion. @entity7652 (10 mg) exerted an inhibitory effect, but only after i.1. administration, whereas @entity1855 did not exert any significant inhibitory effect when administered either i.1. (2.5 mg) or i.m. (4 mg/kg). At concentrations of (0.17-1.34) X 10(-3) M @entity5579 , the anti-secretory effect of @entity5579 correlated with its inhibitory effect on @entity95 LT-stimulated intestinal AC. Inhibition of @entity268 synthesis was probably not involved in the mechanism of action of the two other substances. These results indicate that @entity5579 and @entity11922 in general are efficient drugs for reducing LT-induced intestinal hypersecretion and could represent a model for synthesis of new anti-secretory drugs with no tranquiliser side effects.

title: Effects of @entity2644 , XXXX and @entity1855 on @entity526 heat-labile enterotoxin-induced intestinal hypersecretion in @entity95 ileal loops.

answer: @entity7652 :: (MESH:D001599,Chemical) :: ['berberine']


abstract: The effects of @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ), @entity7652 and @entity1855 on intestinal hypersecretion in the @entity95 ileal loop model by the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of @entity526 were studied in relation to their ability to inhibit the stimulation of intestinal adenylate cyclase (AC) by LT. @entity5579 5 mg by the intraluminal (i.1.) route and 4 mg/kg by the intramuscular (i.m.) route significantly reduced LT-induced intestinal hypersecretion. @entity7652 (10 mg) exerted an inhibitory effect, but only after i.1. administration, whereas @entity1855 did not exert any significant inhibitory effect when administered either i.1. (2.5 mg) or i.m. (4 mg/kg). At concentrations of (0.17-1.34) X 10(-3) M @entity5579 , the anti-secretory effect of @entity5579 correlated with its inhibitory effect on @entity95 LT-stimulated intestinal AC. Inhibition of @entity268 synthesis was probably not involved in the mechanism of action of the two other substances. These results indicate that @entity5579 and @entity11922 in general are efficient drugs for reducing LT-induced intestinal hypersecretion and could represent a model for synthesis of new anti-secretory drugs with no tranquiliser side effects.

title: Effects of @entity2644 , @entity7652 and XXXX on @entity526 heat-labile enterotoxin-induced intestinal hypersecretion in @entity95 ileal loops.

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: The effects of @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ), @entity7652 and @entity1855 on intestinal hypersecretion in the @entity95 ileal loop model by the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of @entity526 were studied in relation to their ability to inhibit the stimulation of intestinal adenylate cyclase (AC) by LT. @entity5579 5 mg by the intraluminal (i.1.) route and 4 mg/kg by the intramuscular (i.m.) route significantly reduced LT-induced intestinal hypersecretion. @entity7652 (10 mg) exerted an inhibitory effect, but only after i.1. administration, whereas @entity1855 did not exert any significant inhibitory effect when administered either i.1. (2.5 mg) or i.m. (4 mg/kg). At concentrations of (0.17-1.34) X 10(-3) M @entity5579 , the anti-secretory effect of @entity5579 correlated with its inhibitory effect on @entity95 LT-stimulated intestinal AC. Inhibition of @entity268 synthesis was probably not involved in the mechanism of action of the two other substances. These results indicate that @entity5579 and @entity11922 in general are efficient drugs for reducing LT-induced intestinal hypersecretion and could represent a model for synthesis of new anti-secretory drugs with no tranquiliser side effects.

title: Effects of @entity2644 , @entity7652 and @entity1855 on XXXX heat-labile enterotoxin-induced intestinal hypersecretion in @entity95 ileal loops.

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity4088 is a potent @entity935 agonist and is known to have anti-Parkinson properties. We administered @entity4088 to @entity1 with suboptimal control of @entity191 who had a short-duration response to carbidopa-levodopa in a 6-month, double-blind study. @entity4088 added to the carbidopa-levodopa regimen resulted in both subjective and objective improvement in comparison with placebo. In @entity1 who tolerated @entity4088 , the median time spent in the "off" ( @entity191 ) state was reduced from 5.0 to 2.2 hours daily (compared with a 0.3-hour reduction in the placebo group). These @entity1 were able to decrease the median frequency of carbidopa-levodopa dosage from 7.5 to 5.0 doses daily (no change in the placebo group). Prolongation of the "on" response (optimal response to treatment) to single doses of drugs was corroborated by monitoring of the @entity1 ' Parkinson response cycle. The peak response was also improved in most @entity1 . Of 25 @entity1 randomized to the @entity4088 group, 7 were unable to tolerate this drug; @entity911 or @entity1833 occurred in 4 of these @entity1 , and @entity662 , @entity1431 , and nonspecific dizziness, respectively, developed in the other 3. All adverse events were reversible with reduction of the dose or discontinuation of the @entity4088 regimen. In conclusion, @entity1 with @entity191 who experience clinical fluctuations with carbidopa-levodopa may be helped by the addition of @entity4088 to the therapeutic regimen.

title: Treatment of @entity191 with XXXX : a double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity4088 :: ('MESH:D010479', 'Chemical') :: ['pergolide', 'Pergolide']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity4088 :: (MESH:D010479,Chemical) :: ['pergolide']


abstract: @entity4088 is a potent @entity935 agonist and is known to have anti-Parkinson properties. We administered @entity4088 to @entity1 with suboptimal control of @entity191 who had a short-duration response to carbidopa-levodopa in a 6-month, double-blind study. @entity4088 added to the carbidopa-levodopa regimen resulted in both subjective and objective improvement in comparison with placebo. In @entity1 who tolerated @entity4088 , the median time spent in the "off" ( @entity191 ) state was reduced from 5.0 to 2.2 hours daily (compared with a 0.3-hour reduction in the placebo group). These @entity1 were able to decrease the median frequency of carbidopa-levodopa dosage from 7.5 to 5.0 doses daily (no change in the placebo group). Prolongation of the "on" response (optimal response to treatment) to single doses of drugs was corroborated by monitoring of the @entity1 ' Parkinson response cycle. The peak response was also improved in most @entity1 . Of 25 @entity1 randomized to the @entity4088 group, 7 were unable to tolerate this drug; @entity911 or @entity1833 occurred in 4 of these @entity1 , and @entity662 , @entity1431 , and nonspecific dizziness, respectively, developed in the other 3. All adverse events were reversible with reduction of the dose or discontinuation of the @entity4088 regimen. In conclusion, @entity1 with @entity191 who experience clinical fluctuations with carbidopa-levodopa may be helped by the addition of @entity4088 to the therapeutic regimen.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity4088 : a double-blind study.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repair of @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) continues to be a challenging task. @entity548 , @entity1167 and multisystem organ failures are the most frequent causes of @entity204 , and @entity451 and @entity177 are the most devastating complications. METHODS: Flawless surgical technique and the use of adjuncts to protect key organs including the brain, heart, spinal cord, liver and kidneys affect outcome. Perfection in exposure and suturing technique decreases bleeding complications, shortens cross-clamp time and assures optimal, visceral, renal and lower extremity perfusion. Technical details include retroperitoneal abdominal aortic exposure, double thoracotomy for Type I and @entity439 , and preservation of the diaphragm. The kidneys are protected by perfusion of iced lactated Ringers; @entity63 in Type I and Type II, @entity439 is diminished by using pulmonary vein-femoral artery pump with sequential clamping. Spinal cord protection is attempted by spinal fluid pressure monitoring and drainage, moderate @entity2332 , selective left heart bypass, reimplantation of critical intercostal arteries, monitoring somatosensory and somatomotor evoked potentials and epidural cooling of the spinal cord. RESULTS: Outcome in 203 @entity1 (Group I) who underwent repair of @entity2334 without epidural cooling was compared with outcome in 97 @entity1 , 27 with @entity2334 and 70 with TAAA (Group II) who underwent repair using epidural cooling. In Group II @entity451 /parapesis occurred in 11.6%, not different from the 8.9% in Group I. Thirty day mortality for elective cases decreased from 14.6% (Group I) to 7.2% (Group II, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Open surgical repair of TAAA carries elevated mortality and complication rates. The etiology of @entity63 and reperfusion injury to the spinal cord is multifactorial and its prevention remains a formidable and as yet unresolved task. To select @entity1 for surgical repair, the risk of TAAA rupture should be balanced against risks of perioperative mortality, @entity451 and @entity177 .

title: Surgical repair of thoracoabdominal XXXX : @entity1 selection, techniques and results.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['visceral ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms', 'thoracic aortic aneurysms', 'TAAAs']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Type II aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['general hypothermia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repair of @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) continues to be a challenging task. @entity548 , @entity1167 and multisystem organ failures are the most frequent causes of @entity204 , and @entity451 and @entity177 are the most devastating complications. METHODS: Flawless surgical technique and the use of adjuncts to protect key organs including the brain, heart, spinal cord, liver and kidneys affect outcome. Perfection in exposure and suturing technique decreases bleeding complications, shortens cross-clamp time and assures optimal, visceral, renal and lower extremity perfusion. Technical details include retroperitoneal abdominal aortic exposure, double thoracotomy for Type I and @entity439 , and preservation of the diaphragm. The kidneys are protected by perfusion of iced lactated Ringers; @entity63 in Type I and Type II, @entity439 is diminished by using pulmonary vein-femoral artery pump with sequential clamping. Spinal cord protection is attempted by spinal fluid pressure monitoring and drainage, moderate @entity2332 , selective left heart bypass, reimplantation of critical intercostal arteries, monitoring somatosensory and somatomotor evoked potentials and epidural cooling of the spinal cord. RESULTS: Outcome in 203 @entity1 (Group I) who underwent repair of @entity2334 without epidural cooling was compared with outcome in 97 @entity1 , 27 with @entity2334 and 70 with TAAA (Group II) who underwent repair using epidural cooling. In Group II @entity451 /parapesis occurred in 11.6%, not different from the 8.9% in Group I. Thirty day mortality for elective cases decreased from 14.6% (Group I) to 7.2% (Group II, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Open surgical repair of TAAA carries elevated mortality and complication rates. The etiology of @entity63 and reperfusion injury to the spinal cord is multifactorial and its prevention remains a formidable and as yet unresolved task. To select @entity1 for surgical repair, the risk of TAAA rupture should be balanced against risks of perioperative mortality, @entity451 and @entity177 .

title: Surgical repair of thoracoabdominal @entity439 : XXXX selection, techniques and results.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Following injection for renography, 99Tcm-labelled @entity68284 ( @entity12306 ) rapidly enters the extravascular space. Background therefore comprises two components, a falling intravascular signal and an extravascular signal which initially rises. We estimated the relative magnitudes of these two components in terms of their impact on the calculation of differential renal function and individual kidney glomerular filtration rate (IKGFR) from the second phase of the 99Tcm-labelled @entity12306 renogram in 56 paediatric kidneys. We expressed each of the two background signals as a GFR equivalent. The GFR equivalent of the intravascular signal recorded from a peri-renal background region of interest (ROI), scaled by a factor equal to the ratio of the pixel numbers in the renal and background ROIs, was -39 (S.D. 14) ml @entity1009 . The GFR equivalent of the extravascular signal was smaller than this and opposite to it at 23 (S.D. 10) ml @entity1009 , giving a median ratio for the two equivalents of -1.68. Because of the opposing effects of the two background components on the second phase of the renogram, techniques recently described for the quantification of IKGFR from the renogram, and which eliminate the intravascular component, offer no theoretical advantage over a method of analysis which uses 'direct' subtraction of the total background signal. In practice, however, these new techniques are superior in their handling of 'noisy' data, consistently giving a lower coefficient of variation in their estimation of IKGFR.

title: Background in 99Tcm XXXX renography evaluated by the impact of its components on individual kidney glomerular filtration rate.

entities_list: @entity68284 :: ('CHEBI:35739', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylenetriamine-pentacetic acid']

answer: @entity12306 :: (MESH:C028145|MESH:D004369,Chemical) :: ['DTPA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the causes and prognosis of @entity2896 in @entity1 who are 20 to 50 years of age. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. @entity1 : All @entity1 aged 20 to 50 years with a nontraumatic @entity2896 seen in a neuro-ophthalmic practice from 1994 to 2000. INTERVENTION: Diagnostic testing to determine the cause of the palsy and surgical intervention to correct persistent stable strabismus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cause of the palsy. The @entity1 ' clinical courses were reviewed. RESULTS: The most common cause for a @entity2896 in this age group was a central nervous system (CNS) @entity66 , although the most common cause for an isolated @entity2896 in this age group was @entity15 . @entity1 with a CNS @entity66 responsible for their palsy had the highest rate of nonresolution requiring strabismus surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2896 are unusual in young adults, but in the practice of author (GBK) most are secondary to CNS mass lesions and, when isolated, @entity15 . Deferring neuroimaging or other appropriate investigations presuming a microvascular cause for the palsy in this age group is not recommended.

title: Cause and prognosis of XXXX in young adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['sixth nerve palsy', 'sixth nerve palsies', 'Sixth nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

answer: @entity2896 :: (MESH:D020434,Disease) :: ['nontraumatic sixth nerve palsies']


abstract: 1. The present study aims to investigate whether phenotypic changes, reported to occur in cultured isolated @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) cells, are of relevance to intact @entity3960 . Moreover, we aimed to gain insight into the signalling pathways involved. 2. Culturing of @entity291 tracheal smooth muscle (BTSM) strips for up to 8 days in the presence of 10% foetal bovine serum caused a time-dependent (t(1/2)=2.8 days) decrease in maximal contraction (E(max)) to @entity2710 compared to serum-deprived controls (E(max)=74+/-4% at day 8). A reduced E(max) was also found using @entity16033 (30 ng ml(-1)) and platelet-derived growth factor (30 ng ml(-1)), but not using epidermal growth factor (10 ng ml(-1)) (E(max)=83+/-3, 67+/-8, 100+/-4%, respectively). Similar serum and growth factor-induced changes in E(max) were found for @entity4338 -induced contraction (65+/-9, 80+/-7, 64+/-11% and 107+/-2%, respectively). 3. Strong correlations were found between the growth factor-induced reductions in E(max) and their proliferative responses, assessed by @entity665 -incorporation, in BTSM cells. (r=0.97, P=0.002 for @entity2710 and r=0.93, P=0.007 for @entity4338 ). 4. The PDGF-induced reduction in E(max) was inhibited completely by combined treatment with either @entity4286 (30 micro M) or @entity2306 (10 micro M). 5. These results indicate that serum and growth factors may cause a functional shift towards a less contractile phenotype in intact BTSM, which is associated with their proliferative response and dependent on signalling pathways involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and the @entity4357 -3-kinase pathway.

title: Functional characterization of serum- and growth factor-induced phenotypic changes in intact XXXX tracheal smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['airway smooth muscle', 'ASM']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: The term @entity11 of the third ventricle was first used to describe a rare and slowly growing @entity5 of uncertain histogenesis, with chordoid appearance, occurring preferentially in middle-aged @entity1 . Herein we report two additional examples of this novel entity together with a literature review based on the 25 cases previously published. Our review fully confirms the strikingly stereotyped clinical, neuroradiologic, and pathologic features of this unique @entity5 . The female/male ratio was 1.7:1, and the age range was 24-70 years (mean 44.9 years). In all 27 cases imaging findings were similar showing a well-defined mass (mean 2.8 cm in largest dimension), ovoid in shape, hyperdense on CT scans, with uniform and intense contrast enhancement, arising in the hypothalamic/suprasellar/third ventricular region. Histologically, the main consistent characteristics were cords and clusters of epithelioid cells within an abundant mucinous and often vacuolated background. Mitoses were sparse or absent and anaplastic features, endothelial proliferation, and @entity39 were not identified. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates with Russell bodies were frequent throughout the @entity5 and its interface with adjacent @entity75 . Most of the @entity5 cells revealed a strong and diffuse expression of @entity2277 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Additionally, the vast majority of @entity5 showed focal coexpression of cytokeratins, @entity2280 , @entity2281 protein, and epithelial membrane antigen; the @entity1758 labeling indices were uniformly low. Surprisingly for a @entity11 assigned WHO grade II, the 19 @entity1 with an available but short follow-up (mean 22.5 months; range 6-68 months) experienced a rather poor outcome (three recurrences and seven @entity204 ), probably reflecting the anatomic site of the @entity5 that precludes a complete surgical excision rather than its histologic composition. Ultrastructural examination of 10 cases demonstrated findings in line with a glial derivation and a putative ependymal origin such as cytoplasmic intermediate filaments, microvilli, intermediate junctions or desmosomes, and focal basal lamina formation. In our case no. 1, and for the first time in this @entity5 , we observed sparse and abnormal cilia in an aberrant juxtanuclear location, a further argument for considering @entity11 as a subtype of @entity424 . However, a better understanding of the biologic behavior and histogenesis of this distinctive clinicopathologic entity needs to be investigated with a larger series. Nevertheless, taking into account its strikingly consistent anatomic localization, its unique histopathologic and immunohistochemical profile, in conjunction with the most recent and convincing ultrastructural arguments, we suggest that @entity11 of the third ventricle could be better classified as @entity424 of the lamina terminalis area.

title: XXXX of the third ventricle: a report of two new cases, with further evidence supporting an ependymal differentiation, and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'chordoid ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['chordoid glioma', 'glioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Chordoid glioma']


abstract: Seven @entity1 with suspected @entity6623 studied by either CT or angiography were imaged with magnetic resonance. Six of seven cases demonstrated a stellate appearance on contrast enhanced CT. In two @entity1 this finding was verified by angiography. Flow void was identified on both T1- and T2-weighted pulse sequences. In one @entity1 a field echo sequence demonstrated high intensity signal within the @entity6623 . Magnetic resonance proved superior to CT in the identification of these lesions. A stellate configuration with an emanating transcortical vein and centrifugal drainage (transcortical venous flow) from the @entity2695 into a sinus was present in all cases. Centripetal drainage via thalamostriate and internal cerebral veins was not seen. There was no evidence of mass effect, scar, or @entity548 . Four of the @entity2695 were located in a frontal lobe and three in a cerebellar hemisphere. This distribution of the lesions is similar to that reported in the literature in which the frontal lobe is the most common location followed by the cerebellar hemisphere. An embryological explanation is cited and supported by a review of the literature.

title: XXXX : MR findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6623 :: ('MESH:D020787', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous angioma', 'venous angioma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['angiomas', 'angioma']

answer: @entity6623 :: (MESH:D020787,Disease) :: ['Cerebral venous angiomas']


abstract: This article reviews the chest radiographic manifestations of @entity1355 exposure. While the chest radiograph (CXR) is a highly valuable tool in the evaluation of @entity1355 -related disease, there are ongoing controversies regarding the sensitivity and specificity of the plain film in diagnosing @entity74 . Autopsy series indicate that at least 60% of @entity456 may be overlooked. Conversely, such series indicate that up to 20% of plaques are falsely diagnosed. The significance of visceral @entity456 and positive predictive value of diffuse @entity456 as they relate to @entity1355 exposure are unresolved issues. Data suggest that the CXR may fail to reflect significant @entity1355 in 10% to 20% of cases. On the other hand, the presence of overlying @entity456 as well as technical factors may contribute to overreading of @entity401 . Data on the rate of false positive readings for @entity1355 are limited. Considered alone, the CXR can support but not specifically establish nor exclude the diagnosis of @entity1355 . In practice, an ILO grade of less than 1/0 implies that the diagnosis is unlikely. A constellation of positive CXR findings may increase specificity, although the diagnosis rests on a combination of multiple clinical criteria.

title: Issues and controversies in the plain-film diagnosis of XXXX in the chest.

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos-related disorders']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos', 'asbestosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening and the definition', 'pleural plaques', 'pleural abnormalities', 'pleural thickening']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['asbestos-related disorders']


abstract: We compared the effects of protein restriction and converting-enzyme inhibition by @entity3371 (CAP) on urinary protein excretion (UP) and progressive @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in an experimental model of @entity3450 induced in @entity35 by a single injection of @entity632 (ADR) at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Two isocaloric diets with a 6% and 22% (NP) protein content were used. Experimental groups were started on NP, on NP plus CAP (500 mg/liter) or on an isocaloric diet with a 6% protein content at day 2 after ADR injection and followed for 38 days. According to a cross-over design, groups were then switched to the alternative diet or maintained on the original diet, whereas in one CAP-treated group CAP treatment was stopped. All groups were followed for another 34 to 42 days and then sacrificed. Results showed that UP and the incidence of @entity8 were significantly reduced in groups on the isocaloric diet with a 6% protein content during the full length or the second half of the observation period. In contrast, CAP had no effect on UP or on the incidence of @entity8 , although systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced. Renal function studies performed in separate groups on the same regimes at 5 weeks after induction of ADR @entity3450 , showed that LP had lowered glomerular filtration rate numerically and renal plasma flow significantly, whereas CAP was found to have no effect on glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. Glomerular volumes were increased in proteinuric @entity35 on both NP diet and NP diet with CAP treatment. The present study confirms earlier reports that in ADR- @entity1985 @entity35 , protein restriction attenuates UP and @entity8 without affecting systolic blood pressure, whereas converting-enzyme inhibition does not have this beneficial effect although systolic blood pressure is lowered. @entity8 seems to be related to glomerular extension and @entity1184 . The effect of protein restriction may be partially hemodynamically mediated by afferent vasoconstriction, resulting in a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and a reduction in protein flux across the ADR-induced large pore defects.

title: A comparison of the effects of converting-enzyme inhibition and protein restriction in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['GS', 'glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

answer: @entity3450 :: (MESH:D009401,Disease) :: ['nephrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study assessed prescribing patterns for @entity13586 and @entity12698 in the treatment of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ), as well as differences in prescribing patterns across physician specialties. METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective, cohort study of a large, US pharmacy claims database. Eligible @entity1 were initiating therapy with @entity13586 or @entity12698 and had succeeds, equals 90 days' supply of medication, as well as > or =1 medical claim specific to @entity571 or @entity309 between June 1, 2000, and May 31, 2001. Analyses were stratified according to diagnosis, prescribing physician specialty, and @entity1 demographics. The main outcome measure was mean daily usage (ie, mean daily dose [milligrams]; mean number of pills per day; and mean daily consumption [denoted as DACON], calculated as daily dose divided by most frequently prescribed strength). This was primarily a descriptive study. Tests of statistical significance were not performed because the large sample size would have rendered small differences significant. RESULTS: A total of 58,574 @entity1 with @entity571 (81.8% [n=47,935]) or @entity309 (18.2% [n=10,639]) received 220,627 prescriptions for @entity13586 or @entity12698 (47.7% [n=27, 924] and 52.3% [n=30, 650] of @entity1 , respectively) during the study period. Overall, the most frequently prescribed strengths were @entity13586 25 mg and @entity12698 200 mg. In both @entity571 and @entity309 , the most frequently prescribed mean daily dose of @entity13586 was 25 mg. In @entity571 , the most frequently prescribed mean daily dose of @entity12698 was 200 mg; in @entity309 , it was 400 mg. Both pills per day and DACON were higher for @entity12698 than @entity13586 . The DACON for @entity13586 was unrelated to physician specialty. Rheumatologists prescribed @entity12698 at 20% to 40% higher mean daily doses than did primary care physicians, orthopedic specialists, or other specialists. Regardless of physician specialty, the DACON appeared higher for @entity1 with @entity309 than @entity571 , for @entity1 than @entity1 , and for younger (aged <65 years) than older @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis, relative to the most frequently prescribed strength, @entity12698 -treated @entity1 with @entity571 and @entity309 had higher DACONs than @entity13586 -treated @entity571 and @entity309 @entity1 across all subgroups. These observations may have economic implications in terms of direct effects on cost and the need for formularies to consider overall use patterns in addition to pill costs. However, these conclusions are limited by lack of clinical information (other than an @entity571 or @entity309 diagnosis), inability to ascertain actual use, and potential for selection bias.

title: An observational, retrospective, cohort study of dosing patterns for @entity13586 and XXXX in the treatment of arthritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study assessed prescribing patterns for @entity13586 and @entity12698 in the treatment of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ), as well as differences in prescribing patterns across physician specialties. METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective, cohort study of a large, US pharmacy claims database. Eligible @entity1 were initiating therapy with @entity13586 or @entity12698 and had succeeds, equals 90 days' supply of medication, as well as > or =1 medical claim specific to @entity571 or @entity309 between June 1, 2000, and May 31, 2001. Analyses were stratified according to diagnosis, prescribing physician specialty, and @entity1 demographics. The main outcome measure was mean daily usage (ie, mean daily dose [milligrams]; mean number of pills per day; and mean daily consumption [denoted as DACON], calculated as daily dose divided by most frequently prescribed strength). This was primarily a descriptive study. Tests of statistical significance were not performed because the large sample size would have rendered small differences significant. RESULTS: A total of 58,574 @entity1 with @entity571 (81.8% [n=47,935]) or @entity309 (18.2% [n=10,639]) received 220,627 prescriptions for @entity13586 or @entity12698 (47.7% [n=27, 924] and 52.3% [n=30, 650] of @entity1 , respectively) during the study period. Overall, the most frequently prescribed strengths were @entity13586 25 mg and @entity12698 200 mg. In both @entity571 and @entity309 , the most frequently prescribed mean daily dose of @entity13586 was 25 mg. In @entity571 , the most frequently prescribed mean daily dose of @entity12698 was 200 mg; in @entity309 , it was 400 mg. Both pills per day and DACON were higher for @entity12698 than @entity13586 . The DACON for @entity13586 was unrelated to physician specialty. Rheumatologists prescribed @entity12698 at 20% to 40% higher mean daily doses than did primary care physicians, orthopedic specialists, or other specialists. Regardless of physician specialty, the DACON appeared higher for @entity1 with @entity309 than @entity571 , for @entity1 than @entity1 , and for younger (aged <65 years) than older @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis, relative to the most frequently prescribed strength, @entity12698 -treated @entity1 with @entity571 and @entity309 had higher DACONs than @entity13586 -treated @entity571 and @entity309 @entity1 across all subgroups. These observations may have economic implications in terms of direct effects on cost and the need for formularies to consider overall use patterns in addition to pill costs. However, these conclusions are limited by lack of clinical information (other than an @entity571 or @entity309 diagnosis), inability to ascertain actual use, and potential for selection bias.

title: An observational, retrospective, cohort study of dosing patterns for XXXX and @entity12698 in the treatment of arthritis.

answer: @entity13586 :: (MESH:C116926,Chemical) :: ['rofecoxib']