abstract: OBJECTIVE: We intended to prospectively study the technical feasibility and advantages of esophageal @entity254 medial to the preserved azygos vein in neonates diagnosed with @entity1152 with @entity4501 (EA/ @entity10859 ). The results were compared to the cases where azygos vein was either not preserved, or the @entity254 was done lateral to the arch of preserved azygos vein. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 134 @entity1 with EA/ @entity10859 were admitted between January 2007 and July 2008 of which 116 underwent primary repair. Eleven @entity1 with long gap @entity20434 and 7 @entity1 who expired before surgery were excluded. @entity1 were randomly divided in three groups comparable with respect to the gestational age, age at presentation, sex, birth weight, associated anomalies and the gap between the pouches after mobilization: Group A (azygos vein ligated and divided), Group B (azygos vein preserved with esophageal @entity254 lateral to the vein), and Group C azygos vein preserved with esophageal @entity254 medial to the vein). All the @entity1 were operated by extra-pleural approach. The three groups were compared with respect to operative time and early @entity260 like @entity55 , @entity834 and mortality. Odds ratio and Chi square test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Group A, B and C had 35, 43 and 38 @entity1 respectively. No significant difference was observed in average operative time in the 3 groups. Though incidence of @entity86 was higher in group A (28%) as compared to group B (13.95%) and group C (11.62%), it was not statistically significant (p > 0.005). @entity834 occurred in 7 @entity1 in group A (20%), 6 @entity1 in group B (13.95%) and 4 @entity1 (10.52%) in group C (p > 0.005). Group A had 3 major and 4 minor @entity834 ; group B had 2 major and 4 minor leaks and group C had 1 major and 3 minor leaks. There were10 deaths in the series- 5 in group A, 3 in group B and 2 in group C (p > 0.005). @entity1 with major @entity834 in all 3 groups expired after re-exploration. The minor leaks were managed conservatively and all of them healed spontaneously. Severe @entity55 and @entity295 in @entity1 having @entity154 also contributed to the mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Although esophageal @entity254 medial to the preserved azygos vein restores the normal mediastinal anatomy without technical difficulty or increased operative time, the study could not prove a statistically significant advantage in terms of mortality and @entity260 .

title: Esophageal @entity254 medial to preserved azygos vein in @entity1152 with XXXX : restoration of normal mediastinal anatomy.

answer: @entity4501 :: (MESH:D014138,Disease) :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We intended to prospectively study the technical feasibility and advantages of esophageal @entity254 medial to the preserved azygos vein in neonates diagnosed with @entity1152 with @entity4501 (EA/ @entity10859 ). The results were compared to the cases where azygos vein was either not preserved, or the @entity254 was done lateral to the arch of preserved azygos vein. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 134 @entity1 with EA/ @entity10859 were admitted between January 2007 and July 2008 of which 116 underwent primary repair. Eleven @entity1 with long gap @entity20434 and 7 @entity1 who expired before surgery were excluded. @entity1 were randomly divided in three groups comparable with respect to the gestational age, age at presentation, sex, birth weight, associated anomalies and the gap between the pouches after mobilization: Group A (azygos vein ligated and divided), Group B (azygos vein preserved with esophageal @entity254 lateral to the vein), and Group C azygos vein preserved with esophageal @entity254 medial to the vein). All the @entity1 were operated by extra-pleural approach. The three groups were compared with respect to operative time and early @entity260 like @entity55 , @entity834 and mortality. Odds ratio and Chi square test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Group A, B and C had 35, 43 and 38 @entity1 respectively. No significant difference was observed in average operative time in the 3 groups. Though incidence of @entity86 was higher in group A (28%) as compared to group B (13.95%) and group C (11.62%), it was not statistically significant (p > 0.005). @entity834 occurred in 7 @entity1 in group A (20%), 6 @entity1 in group B (13.95%) and 4 @entity1 (10.52%) in group C (p > 0.005). Group A had 3 major and 4 minor @entity834 ; group B had 2 major and 4 minor leaks and group C had 1 major and 3 minor leaks. There were10 deaths in the series- 5 in group A, 3 in group B and 2 in group C (p > 0.005). @entity1 with major @entity834 in all 3 groups expired after re-exploration. The minor leaks were managed conservatively and all of them healed spontaneously. Severe @entity55 and @entity295 in @entity1 having @entity154 also contributed to the mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Although esophageal @entity254 medial to the preserved azygos vein restores the normal mediastinal anatomy without technical difficulty or increased operative time, the study could not prove a statistically significant advantage in terms of mortality and @entity260 .

title: Esophageal @entity254 medial to preserved azygos vein in XXXX with @entity4501 : restoration of normal mediastinal anatomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['major associated anomalies']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity20434 :: ('MESH:C531835', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumonitis']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1963 is one of the common causes of @entity1321 in neonates. Transanal endorectal pull-through represents the latest development in the concept of the minimally invasive surgery for @entity1963 . In this study, we present our early experience with single stage transanal pull through in neonates. DESIGN: Retrospective study of neonates with single stage transanal pull-through done for @entity1963 in our institute from January 2011 to January 2013. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Five newborn @entity1 who presented with @entity1963 were studied. The selection criteria included radiological transition zone at rectosigmoid or mid-sigmoid region, weight more than 2 kg, no evidence of @entity1964 or @entity295 and no associated @entity154 . Single stage transanal endorectal pull-through was done in these @entity1 . The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 2 years. RESULTS: Five @entity1 with a mean age of 26.4 days (range 15-45 days) and a mean weight of 2.6 Kg (range 2.2 to 3.7 Kg) underwent transanal endorectal pull through. The mean operating time was 68 min (range 60 to 120 min). The average intra-operative @entity190 was 20 ml (range - 10 to 30 ml) and the average length of bowel resected was 12.8 cm (range - 10 to 18 cm). Post-operatively @entity1 passed first stool between 2nd and 3rd day. Oral feeding was resumed on 5th to 6th post-operative day. The average post-operative duration of stay in hospital was 10 days. None of the @entity1 had @entity548 , @entity130 , @entity834 or retraction of anastomotic site. Three @entity1 developed perianal excoriation and one @entity1 had post-operative @entity1964 . No mortality occurred in the series. CONCLUSION: Advancement in pediatric anaesthesia, availability of pediatric surgical expertise, improvement in pre-operative and post-operative management and nursing care has made single stage transanal pull-through in neonates a feasible option. The early results are comparable to single stage or multistage surgery in older @entity1 .

title: Single Stage Transanal Pull-Through for XXXX in Neonates: Our Early Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['major anomaly']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['urethral injury']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine clinical practice patterns in the management of pregnant @entity1 admitted with @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ) in Korea. METHODS: Data from @entity1 admitted with a diagnosis of @entity3152 were collected from 22 hospitals. @entity3152 was defined as regular uterine contractions with or without other symptoms such as pelvic pressure, backache, increased vaginal discharge, menstrual-like cramps, @entity548 /show and cervical changes. Data on general @entity1 information, clinical characteristics at admission, use of tocolytics, antibiotics, and @entity288 , and pregnancy outcomes were collected using an online data collections system. RESULTS: A total of 947 @entity1 with @entity3152 were enrolled. First-line tocolysis was administered to 822 (86.8%) @entity1 . As a first-line tocolysis, beta-agonists were used most frequently (510/822, 62.0%), followed by @entity2399 (183/822, 22.3%), @entity460 channel blockers (91/822, 11.1%), and atosiban (38/822, 4.6%). Of the 822 @entity1 with first-line tocolysis, second-line tocolysis were required in 364 (44.3%). Of 364 with second-line, 199 had third-line tocolysis (37.4%). Antibiotics were administered to 29.9% of @entity1 (284/947) with single (215, 22.7%), dual (26, 2.7%), and triple combinations (43, 4.5%). Corticosteroids were administered to 420 (44.4%) @entity1 . @entity5935 was administered to 298 @entity1 (71.0%), and @entity619 was administered to 122 @entity1 (29.0%). CONCLUSION: Practice patterns in the management of @entity3152 in Korea were quite various. It is needed to develop standardized practice guidelines for @entity3152 management.

title: Practice patterns in the management of XXXX in Korea: A multicenter retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['TPL', 'threatened preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['Betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['threatened preterm labor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is the most common @entity5 affecting @entity1 worldwide. While a small fraction of @entity0 have a hereditary component, environmental and behavioral factors also impact the development of @entity5 . @entity4538 ) is a member of the Herpesviridae family that is widespread in the general population and has been linked to several forms of @entity5 . While HCMV DNA has been found in some @entity0 tissue specimens, we wanted to investigate whether a secreted viral cytokine might have an effect on cancerous or even pre-cancerous cells. HCMV encodes an ortholog of the @entity1 cellular cytokine @entity688 ( @entity688 ). The HCMV UL111A gene product is cmvIL-10, which has 27% sequence identity to @entity688 and binds the cellular @entity10772 ( @entity10772 ) to induce downstream cell signaling. We found that MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells express @entity10772 and that exposure to cmvIL-10 results in enhanced proliferation and increased chemotaxis of MCF-7 cells. PCR arrays revealed that treatment with cmvIL-10 alters expression of cell adhesion molecules and increases MMP gene expression. In particular, @entity12791 gene expression was found to be significantly up-regulated and this correlated with an increase in cell-associated @entity12791 protein produced by MCF-7 cells exposed to cmvIL-10. These results suggest that the presence of cmvIL-10 in the @entity5 microenvironment could contribute to the development of more @entity3 .

title: @entity4538 @entity688 promotes proliferation and XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['migration of MCF-7 breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is the most common @entity5 affecting @entity1 worldwide. While a small fraction of @entity0 have a hereditary component, environmental and behavioral factors also impact the development of @entity5 . @entity4538 ) is a member of the Herpesviridae family that is widespread in the general population and has been linked to several forms of @entity5 . While HCMV DNA has been found in some @entity0 tissue specimens, we wanted to investigate whether a secreted viral cytokine might have an effect on cancerous or even pre-cancerous cells. HCMV encodes an ortholog of the @entity1 cellular cytokine @entity688 ( @entity688 ). The HCMV UL111A gene product is cmvIL-10, which has 27% sequence identity to @entity688 and binds the cellular @entity10772 ( @entity10772 ) to induce downstream cell signaling. We found that MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells express @entity10772 and that exposure to cmvIL-10 results in enhanced proliferation and increased chemotaxis of MCF-7 cells. PCR arrays revealed that treatment with cmvIL-10 alters expression of cell adhesion molecules and increases MMP gene expression. In particular, @entity12791 gene expression was found to be significantly up-regulated and this correlated with an increase in cell-associated @entity12791 protein produced by MCF-7 cells exposed to cmvIL-10. These results suggest that the presence of cmvIL-10 in the @entity5 microenvironment could contribute to the development of more @entity3 .

title: @entity4538 XXXX promotes proliferation and @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['interleukin-10']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is the most common @entity5 affecting @entity1 worldwide. While a small fraction of @entity0 have a hereditary component, environmental and behavioral factors also impact the development of @entity5 . @entity4538 ) is a member of the Herpesviridae family that is widespread in the general population and has been linked to several forms of @entity5 . While HCMV DNA has been found in some @entity0 tissue specimens, we wanted to investigate whether a secreted viral cytokine might have an effect on cancerous or even pre-cancerous cells. HCMV encodes an ortholog of the @entity1 cellular cytokine @entity688 ( @entity688 ). The HCMV UL111A gene product is cmvIL-10, which has 27% sequence identity to @entity688 and binds the cellular @entity10772 ( @entity10772 ) to induce downstream cell signaling. We found that MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells express @entity10772 and that exposure to cmvIL-10 results in enhanced proliferation and increased chemotaxis of MCF-7 cells. PCR arrays revealed that treatment with cmvIL-10 alters expression of cell adhesion molecules and increases MMP gene expression. In particular, @entity12791 gene expression was found to be significantly up-regulated and this correlated with an increase in cell-associated @entity12791 protein produced by MCF-7 cells exposed to cmvIL-10. These results suggest that the presence of cmvIL-10 in the @entity5 microenvironment could contribute to the development of more @entity3 .

title: XXXX @entity688 promotes proliferation and @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity4538 :: (10359,Species) :: ['Human Cytomegalovirus']


abstract: Exercise and nutrition are often used in combination to lose body fat and reduce weight. In this respect, exercise programs are as important as correct nutrition. Several issues are still controversial in this field, and among them there are contrasting reports on whether training in a fasting condition can enhance weight loss by stimulating lipolytic activity. The authors' purpose was to verify differences in fat metabolism during training in fasting or feeding conditions. They compared the effect on @entity26 consumption (VO2) and substrate utilization, estimated by the @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ), in 8 healthy young @entity1 who performed the same moderate-intensity training session (36 min of cardiovascular training on treadmill at 65% maximum heart rate) in the morning in 2 tests in random sequence: FST test (fasting condition) without any food intake or FED test (feeding condition) after breakfast. In both cases, the same total amount and quality of food was assumed in the 24 hr after the training session. The breakfast, per se, increased both VO2 and @entity1576 significantly (4.21 vs. 3.74 and 0.96 vs. 0.84, respectively). Twelve hours after the training session, VO2 was still higher in the FED test, whereas @entity1576 was significantly lower in the FED test, indicating greater lipid utilization. The difference was still significant 24 hr after exercise. The authors conclude that when moderate endurance exercise is done to lose body fat, fasting before exercise does not enhance lipid utilization; rather, physical activity after a light meal is advisable.

title: Exercising fasting or fed to enhance fat loss? Influence of food intake on respiratory ratio and excess postexercise XXXX consumption after a bout of endurance training.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory-exchange ratio', 'RER']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We intended to determine ethnic differences in the characteristics, management and outcome of acute @entity385 between the Israeli Arab and Jewish populations. METHODS: A national survey was conducted in 2004 at all 28 hospitals in Israel. Information on demographics, transportation, risk factors, clinical presentation, @entity64 severity, type and subtype, management and clinical outcome was obtained. Mortality during the 36 months after hospitalization was assessed by matching with national mortality data. RESULTS: Of the 1,540 @entity1 , 169 (11%) were Arabs and 1,371 (89%) were Jews. The mean age of Arab @entity1 was 9 years younger than in Jewish @entity1 (63    11 vs. 72    12 years). Also, Arabs were more likely to be @entity28 (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.19-2.50) and have @entity6 (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.01-1.96), while Jews were more likely to have @entity2299 (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.11-2.17). A greater percentage of the Arab @entity1 arrived at the hospital independently (OR = 3.85; 95% CI: 2.56-5.56) and were less likely to arrive within 3 h of symptom onset (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.39-3.85). Arabs suffered increased rates of @entity64 (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.14-2.43) and were discharged home more often (OR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.35-4.25). No differences in severity of @entity64 , management, complications, disability or mortality were found between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The unique characteristics of the Arab and Jewish populations should be considered when @entity64 -care services and culturally oriented public education programs.

title: Ethnic variations in acute @entity385 : findings from the National XXXX (NASIS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'planning stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Acute Stroke Israeli Survey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We intended to determine ethnic differences in the characteristics, management and outcome of acute @entity385 between the Israeli Arab and Jewish populations. METHODS: A national survey was conducted in 2004 at all 28 hospitals in Israel. Information on demographics, transportation, risk factors, clinical presentation, @entity64 severity, type and subtype, management and clinical outcome was obtained. Mortality during the 36 months after hospitalization was assessed by matching with national mortality data. RESULTS: Of the 1,540 @entity1 , 169 (11%) were Arabs and 1,371 (89%) were Jews. The mean age of Arab @entity1 was 9 years younger than in Jewish @entity1 (63    11 vs. 72    12 years). Also, Arabs were more likely to be @entity28 (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.19-2.50) and have @entity6 (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.01-1.96), while Jews were more likely to have @entity2299 (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.11-2.17). A greater percentage of the Arab @entity1 arrived at the hospital independently (OR = 3.85; 95% CI: 2.56-5.56) and were less likely to arrive within 3 h of symptom onset (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.39-3.85). Arabs suffered increased rates of @entity64 (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.14-2.43) and were discharged home more often (OR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.35-4.25). No differences in severity of @entity64 , management, complications, disability or mortality were found between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The unique characteristics of the Arab and Jewish populations should be considered when @entity64 -care services and culturally oriented public education programs.

title: Ethnic variations in acute XXXX : findings from the National @entity64 (NASIS).

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of our study was to determine the usefulness of the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H- @entity7748 ) of @entity99 for the assessment of response to locoregional treatment. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 (29 @entity1 ; mean age, 58 years) with @entity99 were treated locally. Magnetic resonance imaging examinations obtained before and at 1 and 6 months after transarterial chemoembolization were analyzed retrospectively. Imaging criteria included change in @entity5 size, percentage of enhancement in the arterial and portal venous phases, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging apparent diffusion coefficients, and @entity1877 concentration by quantitative H- @entity7748 . Response to treatment was grouped according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 ) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria based on magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months after treatment. Statistical analysis used paired t test, Fisher exact test, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Before treatment, the median @entity5 diameter was 6 cm; at 6 months after treatment, median @entity5 diameter was 5.1 cm. According to RECIST and EASL, 66% of the @entity1 achieved partial response, 31% had stable disease, and 3% of the @entity1 showed @entity74 . One month after transarterial chemoembolization, apparent diffusion coefficient increased (P < 0.14), and mean @entity1877 concentration of the @entity5 decreased (P < 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Diffusion-weighted imaging and hepatic @entity1877 levels by H- @entity7748 could predict response to locoregional therapy.

title: Early response of XXXX to locoregional therapy-value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic malignancies']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic malignancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: Quantification methods for @entity62 ( @entity62 ) on Magnetic Resonance Imaging are heterogeneous, deterring their application. This study compared three @entity62 rating scales, varying in complexity, and a volumetric method, to evaluate trade-offs between complexity and clinical utility in differentiating @entity303 subgroups and in correlating with cognition. METHODS: @entity62 were rated using the Fazekas, Age-Related White Matter Changes (ARWMC) and Scheltens scales, and segmented by computational volumetry in 108 @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), 23 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and 34 normal controls (NC). Global and hippocampal @entity194 , age and education, were accounted for in correlations of @entity62 with cognitive domains. RESULTS: Intra- and inter-rater reliability were high (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.88-0.97) across rating scales. @entity62 scores of all scales were highly correlated with volumes (Spearman r = 0.78-0.90, Ps < 0.001), as well as with each other (Spearman r = 0.86-0.91, Ps < 0.001). The Fazekas scale showed significant separation between @entity195 , @entity73 and NC using non-parametric analysis, while the ARWMC and Scheltens' scales, and @entity62 volumes demonstrated significant correlations (standardized b = -0.19 to -0.24, Ps < 0.05) with cognitive domain scores using multivariate regression analysis, controlling for age, education, global and hippocampal @entity194 in @entity1 with @entity195 . CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the degree of complexity of @entity62 rating scales did not affect validation against @entity62 volumes, but did vary in validation against cognition. The simplest scale performed best in separating cognitive subgroups, but the more complex scales and quantification correlated better with cognitive measures, especially executive function. Hence the best choice of scale depends on the particular application.

title: Complexity of MRI white matter hyperintensity assessments in relation to cognition in aging and XXXX from the Sunnybrook @entity303 Study.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Mild Cognitive Impairment', 'MCI']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMH', 'white matter hyperintensities']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Quantification methods for @entity62 ( @entity62 ) on Magnetic Resonance Imaging are heterogeneous, deterring their application. This study compared three @entity62 rating scales, varying in complexity, and a volumetric method, to evaluate trade-offs between complexity and clinical utility in differentiating @entity303 subgroups and in correlating with cognition. METHODS: @entity62 were rated using the Fazekas, Age-Related White Matter Changes (ARWMC) and Scheltens scales, and segmented by computational volumetry in 108 @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), 23 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and 34 normal controls (NC). Global and hippocampal @entity194 , age and education, were accounted for in correlations of @entity62 with cognitive domains. RESULTS: Intra- and inter-rater reliability were high (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.88-0.97) across rating scales. @entity62 scores of all scales were highly correlated with volumes (Spearman r = 0.78-0.90, Ps < 0.001), as well as with each other (Spearman r = 0.86-0.91, Ps < 0.001). The Fazekas scale showed significant separation between @entity195 , @entity73 and NC using non-parametric analysis, while the ARWMC and Scheltens' scales, and @entity62 volumes demonstrated significant correlations (standardized b = -0.19 to -0.24, Ps < 0.05) with cognitive domain scores using multivariate regression analysis, controlling for age, education, global and hippocampal @entity194 in @entity1 with @entity195 . CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the degree of complexity of @entity62 rating scales did not affect validation against @entity62 volumes, but did vary in validation against cognition. The simplest scale performed best in separating cognitive subgroups, but the more complex scales and quantification correlated better with cognitive measures, especially executive function. Hence the best choice of scale depends on the particular application.

title: Complexity of MRI white matter hyperintensity assessments in relation to cognition in aging and @entity303 from the Sunnybrook XXXX Study.

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: The circulatory persistence, distribution, and metabolism of hemoglobin-based @entity26 carriers (HBOCs) is a major determinant of their safety and efficacy. In this communication, published data on the pharmacokinetics and routes of plasma elimination of HBOCs are summarized and evaluated. The circulating half-life of HBOCs is dose-dependent in both animals and @entity1 . Half-life also increases with molecular weight in animals, at least up to the MDa range. The functional half-life of HBOCs is diminished by as much as 40% due to oxidation of the @entity1446 group relative to the overall rate of removal of hemoglobin (Hb) from plasma. Kidney excretion of HBOCs is greatly diminished compared to that of unmodified Hb, but the liver remains a primary site of catabolism. Both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells have been implicated in receptor-mediated HBOC uptake. Removal also occurs in the spleen and/or bone marrow and probably at dispersed sites in the endothelium as well. HBOCs extravasate into the lymph at a rate inversely proportional to their molecular weight and are taken up by monocyte/macrophage @entity11772 receptors, both as free Hb and in complexes with @entity2104 (Hp). The interactions with both Hp and the @entity11772 receptor are altered by Hb modification. However, monocyte/macrophage uptake may not be a quantitatively important route for the removal of clinically relevant doses of HBOCs. The relative contributions of different removal pathways have yet to be comprehensively determined, particularly in @entity1 .

title: Pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of plasma removal of hemoglobin-based XXXX carriers.

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A drug-induced apoptosis assay has been developed to determine which chemotherapy drugs or regimens can produce higher cell killing in vitro. This study was done to determine if this assay could be performed in @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity0 @entity1 , to characterize the patterns of drug-induced apoptosis, and to evaluate the clinical utility of the assay. A secondary goal was to correlate assay use with clinical outcomes. METHODS: In a prospective, non-blinded, multi institutional controlled trial, 30 evaluable @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity0 who were treated with chemotherapy had @entity5 samples submitted for the MiCK drug-induced apoptosis assay. After receiving results within 72 hours after biopsy, physicians could use the test to determine therapy (users), or elect to not use the test (non-users). RESULTS: The assay was able to characterize drug-induced apoptosis in @entity5 specimens from @entity0 @entity1 and identified which drugs or combinations gave highest levels of apoptosis. Patterns of drug activity were also analyzed in triple negative @entity0 . Different drugs from a single class of agents often produced significantly different amounts of apoptosis. Physician frequently (73%) used the assay to help select chemotherapy treatments in @entity1 , @entity1 whose physicians were users had a higher response (CR+PR) rate compared to non-users (38.1% vs 0%, p = 0.04) and a higher disease control (CR+PR+Stable) rate (81% vs 25%, p<0.01). Time to relapse was longer in users 7.4 mo compared to non-users 2.2 mo (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The MiCK assay can be performed in @entity0 specimens, and results are often used by physicians in @entity0 @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic disease. These results from a good laboratory phase II study can be the basis for a future larger prospective multicenter study to more definitively establish the value of the assay. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00901264.

title: Application of a drug-induced apoptosis assay to identify treatment strategies in recurrent or metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 screening is being introduced in many countries, but standard Western screening approaches may not be appropriate for Asian societies if differences in @entity694 epidemiology exist. Comparative analysis of @entity14 patterns in South Korean and Western subjects has implications for appropriate screening approaches in non-Western societies. METHODS: The results of concurrent screening colonoscopies performed in average-risk @entity1 50 to 69 years old in 2 teaching hospitals, Kyung Hee University Hospital (Seoul, South Korea) and Virginia Mason Medical Center (Seattle, @entity19329 ), were compared with respect to prevalence, histologic features, anatomic distribution, and shape characteristics of @entity14 . RESULTS: The U.S. (n  = 3460) and South Korean (n  = 2193) cohorts were similar with regard to the prevalence of @entity652 (28.5% vs 29.8%, respectively, P  = .312) and advanced @entity5 (6.4% vs 5.4%, respectively, P  =  .102), but the proportion of proximal @entity652 was greater in the U.S. cohort (62.8% vs 45.9%, P  <  .001). The prevalence of @entity652 and advanced @entity5 was similar in male @entity1 , but there was a greater prevalence of @entity5 (23.5% vs 18.8%, P  = .006) and advanced @entity5 (5.1% vs 2.7%, P  < .001) in U.S. @entity1 than South Korean @entity1 . When large (>= 10  mm) @entity652 were considered, proximal location and nonpolypoid (flat) shape were more common in the U.S. cohort (79.4% vs 37.1%, P  = .003 and 43.5% vs 12.3%, P  < .001, respectively). The overall prevalence of large flat @entity652 in the U.S. cohort was 5 times that of the South Korean cohort (2.6% vs 0.5%, P  < .001). Adjustment for sex ratio discrepancies (48.3% @entity1 in the U.S. cohort vs 60.8% in the South Korean cohort, P  < .001) did not result in any significant changes in the conclusions. CONCLUSION: Compared with Westerners, South Koreans have a more distal distribution of @entity652 and advanced @entity5 and lower prevalence of large flat @entity652 . South Korean @entity1 have a lower prevalence of @entity14 than Western @entity1 . Such disparities suggest that Western screening strategies cannot be  directly adopted by other countries, but need to be customized by society.

title: Disparities in prevalence, location, and shape characteristics of XXXX between South Korean and U.S. @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 screening is being introduced in many countries, but standard Western screening approaches may not be appropriate for Asian societies if differences in @entity694 epidemiology exist. Comparative analysis of @entity14 patterns in South Korean and Western subjects has implications for appropriate screening approaches in non-Western societies. METHODS: The results of concurrent screening colonoscopies performed in average-risk @entity1 50 to 69 years old in 2 teaching hospitals, Kyung Hee University Hospital (Seoul, South Korea) and Virginia Mason Medical Center (Seattle, @entity19329 ), were compared with respect to prevalence, histologic features, anatomic distribution, and shape characteristics of @entity14 . RESULTS: The U.S. (n  = 3460) and South Korean (n  = 2193) cohorts were similar with regard to the prevalence of @entity652 (28.5% vs 29.8%, respectively, P  = .312) and advanced @entity5 (6.4% vs 5.4%, respectively, P  =  .102), but the proportion of proximal @entity652 was greater in the U.S. cohort (62.8% vs 45.9%, P  <  .001). The prevalence of @entity652 and advanced @entity5 was similar in male @entity1 , but there was a greater prevalence of @entity5 (23.5% vs 18.8%, P  = .006) and advanced @entity5 (5.1% vs 2.7%, P  < .001) in U.S. @entity1 than South Korean @entity1 . When large (>= 10  mm) @entity652 were considered, proximal location and nonpolypoid (flat) shape were more common in the U.S. cohort (79.4% vs 37.1%, P  = .003 and 43.5% vs 12.3%, P  < .001, respectively). The overall prevalence of large flat @entity652 in the U.S. cohort was 5 times that of the South Korean cohort (2.6% vs 0.5%, P  < .001). Adjustment for sex ratio discrepancies (48.3% @entity1 in the U.S. cohort vs 60.8% in the South Korean cohort, P  < .001) did not result in any significant changes in the conclusions. CONCLUSION: Compared with Westerners, South Koreans have a more distal distribution of @entity652 and advanced @entity5 and lower prevalence of large flat @entity652 . South Korean @entity1 have a lower prevalence of @entity14 than Western @entity1 . Such disparities suggest that Western screening strategies cannot be  directly adopted by other countries, but need to be customized by society.

title: Disparities in prevalence, location, and shape characteristics of @entity14 between South Korean and U.S. XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A @entity292 is defined as a pathological connection between the intestine and an inner (bladder or other intestine) or outer (vagina or skin) epithelial surface. @entity292 are discovered in up to 25% of all @entity30 @entity1 during long-term follow-up examinations. Most are perianal @entity292 , and these may be classified as simple or complex. The initial investigation of perianal @entity292 includes imaging (MRI of the pelvis and rectum), examination under anaesthesia (EUA) with digital imaging, endoscopy, probing and anal ultrasound. Non-perianal @entity292 require contrast imaging and/or CT/MRI for complete anatomical definition. Any @entity733 should be drained, and the disease extent throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract should be evaluated. Treatment goals for perianal @entity292 include reduced @entity292 secretion or none, evaluated by clinical examination; the absence of abscesses; and @entity1 satisfaction. MR imaging is required to demonstrate definitive @entity292 closure. Fistulotomy is considered for simple perianal @entity292 . In complex perianal @entity292 , antibiotics and @entity500 or @entity4446 , which are often combined with a loose seton, constitute the first-line medical therapy. In cases with persistent secretion, infliximab at 5 mg/kg is given at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and subsequently every 8 weeks. Adalimumab may improve @entity292 response in both infliximab-na  ve @entity1 and following infliximab treatment failure. Local therapy with fibrin glue or @entity292 plugs is rarely effective. Definitive surgical closure of perianal @entity292 using an advancement flap may be attempted, but this procedure is associated with a high risk of relapse. Colostomy and proctectomy are the ultimate surgical treatment options for @entity292 . Intestinal resection is almost always needed for the closure of symptomatic non-perianal @entity292 .

title: Diagnosis and treatment of fistulising XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas', 'Fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity34263 is a @entity600 characterized by the presence of clefts in the feet accompanied by @entity3894 and @entity509 of the phalanges and metatarsals. It is a rare @entity74 with an incidence of 1:90,000-100,000 live births and it is not linked to sex. Its genetic pattern is autosomal dominant with a variable genetic penetrance. Clinical diagnosis is made at birth, however it can be prenatal through ultrasound during the first trimester. Management of ectrodactyly includes both surgical and non-surgical treatment. METHODS: We reviewed the archive of medical histories from January 2005 to January 2010, we included all @entity1 with an ectrodactyly diagnosis. We found two @entity1 who were treated surgically and were followed-up for three years. RESULTS: The long term evolution was favorable, allowing the @entity1 to wear shoes and walk. There were no recurrences or complications observed. The final results were good according to the Tani et al scale. DISCUSSION: According to our medium and long term results in the management of these two cases of ectrodactyly, we recommend the combination of conservative orthopedic treatment as preparation for surgery and the final resolution with closure of the cleft. The surgical treatment performed and appropriate postoperative management allowed the @entity1 to wear shoes, to improve function and appearance in both cases.

title: [ XXXX of the foot].

entities_list: @entity34263 :: ('MESH:C574275', 'Disease') :: ['Ectrodactyly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

answer: @entity34263 :: (MESH:C574275,Disease) :: ['Ectrodactyly']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Management of asymptomatic unruptured @entity438 remains controversial, and recent prospective follow-up studies showed that the @entity397 rate of small @entity439 is very low. These results are inconsistent with the finding that the majority of @entity1756 in @entity1 with @entity510 are small. METHODS: A Markov model was constructed to simulate the natural history of @entity438 . All epidemiological and statistical data obtained from the Portal Site of Official Statistics of Japan (e-Stat) were adjusted to the standardized age distribution. From the selected data of @entity439 formation, the prevalence of unruptured @entity439 was estimated as 1.45% and the incidence of @entity510 calculated to be 19.7/100 000/year in the whole standardized population. RESULTS: The function for @entity397 rate constant with time was first analyzed. Selected values for annual @entity397 rates of 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% showed inconsistencies in the relationship between the prevalence of unruptured @entity439 and the incidence of @entity510 . Next, the function for a short period of high risk followed by a long period of low risk was considered. @entity397 rates of 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% indicated epidemiological compatibility with additional @entity397 rates of 20%, 15%, and 10%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that some @entity439 shortly after formation and thus are rarely detected as unruptured @entity439 . Most @entity439 without @entity397 remain stable for the remainder of life through some healing process, and prophylactic treatment for incidentally identified small unruptured @entity439 has no rationale.

title: Risk profile of @entity438 : XXXX rate is not constant after formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['early rupture', 'rupture', 'Annual rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysms bleed']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Management of asymptomatic unruptured @entity438 remains controversial, and recent prospective follow-up studies showed that the @entity397 rate of small @entity439 is very low. These results are inconsistent with the finding that the majority of @entity1756 in @entity1 with @entity510 are small. METHODS: A Markov model was constructed to simulate the natural history of @entity438 . All epidemiological and statistical data obtained from the Portal Site of Official Statistics of Japan (e-Stat) were adjusted to the standardized age distribution. From the selected data of @entity439 formation, the prevalence of unruptured @entity439 was estimated as 1.45% and the incidence of @entity510 calculated to be 19.7/100 000/year in the whole standardized population. RESULTS: The function for @entity397 rate constant with time was first analyzed. Selected values for annual @entity397 rates of 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% showed inconsistencies in the relationship between the prevalence of unruptured @entity439 and the incidence of @entity510 . Next, the function for a short period of high risk followed by a long period of low risk was considered. @entity397 rates of 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% indicated epidemiological compatibility with additional @entity397 rates of 20%, 15%, and 10%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that some @entity439 shortly after formation and thus are rarely detected as unruptured @entity439 . Most @entity439 without @entity397 remain stable for the remainder of life through some healing process, and prophylactic treatment for incidentally identified small unruptured @entity439 has no rationale.

title: Risk profile of XXXX : @entity397 rate is not constant after formation.

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hoffa @entity174 fixed by only using a single plate or lag screws might be not strong enough to achieve direct stability. The goal of this study is to determine the functional outcome of the surgical treatment and rehabilitation of medial Hoffa @entity174 by a locking plate combined with cannulated or lag screws. METHODS: A total of 13 @entity1 suffering isolated medical @entity174 were identified during the study period (2005.February-2013.February) and retrospectively analyzed. All the @entity174 were treated by open reduction via the medial approach, and internal fixation by a locking plate combined with cannulated or lag screws. Early active rehabilitation including tele-rehabilitation for rural @entity1 with restricted weight bearing was instituted after the surgical treatment. The radiological and functional outcome analysis was performed by using Knee Society Score (KSS), the range of movement (ROM), and the stability of fixation of the @entity1 during 24 month follow-up. RESULTS: The bone union of medial @entity174 was achieved in all @entity1 . The articular surface of medial femoral condyle was anatomically reduced. There was no loss of reduction and fixation. All @entity1 achieved satisfactory knee joint function and regained their walking ability with good clinical results through early postsurgical rehabilitation. Ten @entity1 (77%) had 0  -130   range of motion with full extension; two @entity1 (15%) had 0  -115   range of motion; one @entity1 (8%) had 0  -110   range of motion. The KSS of all the @entity1 were more than 80, and the scores of seven @entity1 (54%) were more than 85. CONCLUSION: Fixation with a locking plate and cannulated or lag screws for medial Hoffa @entity174 seemed to be effective and reliable for achieving anatomical reduction, and gave satisfactory functional results when coupled with aggressive rehabilitation.

title: Surgical treatment and rehabilitation of medial Hoffa XXXX fixed by locking plate and additional screws: A retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Hoffa fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fetal biometry by ultrasound provides reliable and important information about fetal growth and wellbeing. Evaluation of the fetal posterior fossa is useful in the assessment of neural tube-defects. Studies on normal ultrasound fetal cerebellar appearance and diameter across gestational age (GA) are scanty in the Nigerian medical literature. This study was carried out to study normal fetal cerebellar appearance and diameter at various GAs among healthy pregnant Nigerian Africans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of 450 healthy singleton pregnant @entity1 between 13 and 42 weeks gestation. A curvilinear probe with a 3.5 MHz transducer of a SonoAce X6 (Medison Inc., Korea 2010) scanner was used to assess fetal @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) and appearance. GA was also determined using fetal biometric parameters such as the biparietal diameter, femur length, and abdominal circumference. Fetal cerebellar appearance was correlated against GA. RESULTS: The cerebellar appearance was graded into: Grade I: 164 fetuses (36.4%), Grade II; 102 fetuses (22.7%) and Grade III: 184 fetuses (40.9%). Mean GA and @entity5562 was 21 weeks and 21.2 mm for Grade I; 28 weeks and 32.6 mm for Grade II; and 35 weeks and 47.1 mm for Grade III. There was significance difference among the cerebellar grades at the GA groups and transverse cerebellar diameter (P < 0.000). CONCLUSION: There is a gradual and steady change in ultrasonographic appearance of the fetal cerebellar and diameter appearance with advancing gestation. The changes ranged from anechoic, " @entity735 " appearance at second trimester to relatively echogenic, "dumb-bell" appearance at early third trimester, and solid, "fan-shape" in late third trimester.

title: Relationship between ultrasound estimated fetal gestational age and cerebellar appearance in healthy pregnant Nigerian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['pair of eye glass']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['transcerebellar diameter', 'TCD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2869 ( @entity2869 ) is a benign disease caused by hair follicles in sacrococcygeal -region. Despite the use of different methods in treatment, there is no consensus reached for treatment modalities. In this study, we used a whole natal cleft excision and @entity1912 (WNCEF) method to remove the natal cleft in cases of extensive sacrococcygeal @entity2869 . METHODS: 243 @entity1 with @entity2869 were evaluated retrospectively. 47 @entity1 with extensive sacrococcygeal @entity2869 were included in the study. In these @entity1 , the natal cleft was excised by using a whole natal cleft excision and @entity1912 -(WNCEF) method which was performed by an incision to include all the natal cleft (Kite incision) and the remaining defect was closed with a single fasciocutaneous @entity1912 by sliding along the midline intergluteal sulcus. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 was 25.7 years (17-43). The average hospital stay of @entity1 was 2.7 days (2-4), mean operative time was 59 min (35-80), mean duration of drain removal was 2.7 days (2-4), mean postoperative follow-up was 16.4 months (3-24) and mean BMI was 26.9 (22-30). @entity1912 @entity4 occured in one @entity1 (2.1%), @entity2080 in three @entity1 (6.3%) and @entity281 requiring re-use of antibiotics were observed in two @entity1 (4.2%). @entity1912 - @entity39 and failure did not occur in our @entity1 . No recurrence was observed in any @entity1 during an average follow-up of 16 months. CONCLUSIONS: In sacrococcygeal @entity2869 treatment, removal of the natal cleft with Kite incision by WNCEF method and shifting of the midline completely are thought to be an effective method that can reduce recurrence.

title: Whole natal cleft excision and @entity1912 : an alternative surgical method in extensive sacrococcygeal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['PSD', 'Pilonidal sinus disease']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2869 ( @entity2869 ) is a benign disease caused by hair follicles in sacrococcygeal -region. Despite the use of different methods in treatment, there is no consensus reached for treatment modalities. In this study, we used a whole natal cleft excision and @entity1912 (WNCEF) method to remove the natal cleft in cases of extensive sacrococcygeal @entity2869 . METHODS: 243 @entity1 with @entity2869 were evaluated retrospectively. 47 @entity1 with extensive sacrococcygeal @entity2869 were included in the study. In these @entity1 , the natal cleft was excised by using a whole natal cleft excision and @entity1912 -(WNCEF) method which was performed by an incision to include all the natal cleft (Kite incision) and the remaining defect was closed with a single fasciocutaneous @entity1912 by sliding along the midline intergluteal sulcus. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 was 25.7 years (17-43). The average hospital stay of @entity1 was 2.7 days (2-4), mean operative time was 59 min (35-80), mean duration of drain removal was 2.7 days (2-4), mean postoperative follow-up was 16.4 months (3-24) and mean BMI was 26.9 (22-30). @entity1912 @entity4 occured in one @entity1 (2.1%), @entity2080 in three @entity1 (6.3%) and @entity281 requiring re-use of antibiotics were observed in two @entity1 (4.2%). @entity1912 - @entity39 and failure did not occur in our @entity1 . No recurrence was observed in any @entity1 during an average follow-up of 16 months. CONCLUSIONS: In sacrococcygeal @entity2869 treatment, removal of the natal cleft with Kite incision by WNCEF method and shifting of the midline completely are thought to be an effective method that can reduce recurrence.

title: Whole natal cleft excision and XXXX : an alternative surgical method in extensive sacrococcygeal @entity2869 .

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['flap']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement obtained with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) to distinguish @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) from small benign solid @entity703 ( <= 4 cm). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 49 consecutive @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed small solid @entity703 , and seven healthy volunteers were imaged using nonenhanced MRI and DW-MRI. The ADC map was calculated using the b values of 0, 50, 400, and 600 s/mm 2 and values compared via the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The utility of ADC for differentiating @entity1358 and benign lesions was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Multiple nonenhanced MRI features were analyzed by Logistic regression. RESULTS: The @entity5 consisted of 33 cases of clear-cell @entity1358 (ccRCCs) and 16 cases of @entity5 , including 14 cases of minimal @entity359 and 2 cases of @entity1637 . The ADCs showed significant differences among @entity5 ([0.90    0.52] * 10-3 mm 2 /s), ccRCCs ([1.53    0.31] * 10-3 mm 2 /s) and the normal renal parenchyma ([2.22    0.12] * 10-3 mm 2 /s) (P < 0.001). Moreover, there was statistically significant difference between high and low-grade ccRCCs (P = 0.004). Using a cut-off ADC of 1.36 * 10-3 mm 2 /s, DW-MRI resulted in an area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity equal to 0.839, 75.8%, and 87.5%, respectively. Nonenhanced MRI alone and the combination of imaging methods led to an AUC, sensitivity and specificity equal to 0.919, 93.9%, and 81.2%, 0.998, 97%, and 100%, respectively. The Logistic regression showed that the location of the center of the @entity5 (inside the contour of the kidney) and appearance of stiff blood vessel were significantly helpful for diagnosing ccRCCs. CONCLUSIONS: DW-MRI has potential in distinguishing ccRCCs from benign lesions in @entity1 small solid @entity703 ( <= 4 cm), and in increasing the accuracy for diagnosing ccRCCs when combined with nonenhanced MRI.

title: Diagnostic Utility of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Small Solid XXXX ( <= 4 cm) at 3.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'RCCs']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['fat angiomyolipomas']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Renal Tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is controversy over whether aerobic or resistance exercise is more effective for improving endothelial function in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). This study was aimed to investigate the effects of an aerobic and resistance training program on endothelial function, and the influences of glycemic control, body weight changes, and aerobic capacity in @entity6 . METHODS: Total 40 overweight @entity1 with @entity6 were assigned into 3 groups: an aerobic exercise group (AEG, n=13), resistance exercise group (REG, n=12), and control group (CG, n=15), and followed either brisk walking for the AEG or resistance band training for the REG, 60 minutes per day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks with monitoring daily activity using accelerometers. We assessed endothelial function by @entity384 ( @entity384 ), and aerobic capacity by @entity26 uptake at anaerobic threshold (AT_VO(2)) at baseline and following training program. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 ' age was 57.0  6.8 years, and body mass index (BMI) was 27.0  2.3 kg/m(2). After intervention, @entity384 increased by 2.2  1.9% in AEG, which differed from REG and CG (P=0.002), despite of decreased body weight (BW) in both AG and RG (2.8  2.5%, P=0.002; 1.6  2.0%, P=0.017, respectively). A significant increased AT_VO(2) and decreased HbA1c were found only in AEG. In all @entity1 , @entity384 was changed with the significant relations to the AT_VO(2) (r=0.348, P=0.035), but not to HbA1c levels or BW. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise appears to be more beneficial than resistance exercise for improving endothelial function in @entity6 . In addition, aerobic capacity could be a better predictor of changes in @entity384 than BW and glycemic control.

title: Effects of Aerobic Exercise vs. Resistance Training on Endothelial Function in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is controversy over whether aerobic or resistance exercise is more effective for improving endothelial function in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). This study was aimed to investigate the effects of an aerobic and resistance training program on endothelial function, and the influences of glycemic control, body weight changes, and aerobic capacity in @entity6 . METHODS: Total 40 overweight @entity1 with @entity6 were assigned into 3 groups: an aerobic exercise group (AEG, n=13), resistance exercise group (REG, n=12), and control group (CG, n=15), and followed either brisk walking for the AEG or resistance band training for the REG, 60 minutes per day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks with monitoring daily activity using accelerometers. We assessed endothelial function by @entity384 ( @entity384 ), and aerobic capacity by @entity26 uptake at anaerobic threshold (AT_VO(2)) at baseline and following training program. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 ' age was 57.0  6.8 years, and body mass index (BMI) was 27.0  2.3 kg/m(2). After intervention, @entity384 increased by 2.2  1.9% in AEG, which differed from REG and CG (P=0.002), despite of decreased body weight (BW) in both AG and RG (2.8  2.5%, P=0.002; 1.6  2.0%, P=0.017, respectively). A significant increased AT_VO(2) and decreased HbA1c were found only in AEG. In all @entity1 , @entity384 was changed with the significant relations to the AT_VO(2) (r=0.348, P=0.035), but not to HbA1c levels or BW. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise appears to be more beneficial than resistance exercise for improving endothelial function in @entity6 . In addition, aerobic capacity could be a better predictor of changes in @entity384 than BW and glycemic control.

title: Effects of Aerobic Exercise vs. Resistance Training on Endothelial Function in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity600 twins have a higher rate of @entity245 than singletons. Higher-order @entity600 multiple births may have an even higher rate of @entity245 . METHODS: @entity600 ( @entity600 401-1000 g) multiple births born in participating centers of the Neonatal Research Network between 1996 and 2005 were assessed for @entity245 at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. @entity245 was defined by the presence of 1 or more of the following: moderate to severe @entity306 ; mental developmental index score or psychomotor developmental index score less than 70; severe @entity2319 ; or @entity1939 . @entity1 who died within 12 hours of birth were excluded. Maternal and @entity1 demographic and clinical variables were compared among singleton, twin, and triplet or higher-order @entity1 . Logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the association between singletons, twins, and triplet or higher-order multiples and @entity245 , controlling for confounding variables that may affect @entity245 . RESULTS: Our cohort consisted of 8296 singleton, 2164 twin, and 521 triplet or higher-order @entity1 . The risk of @entity245 was increased in triplets or higher-order multiples when compared with singletons (adjusted odds ratio: 1.7 [95% confidence interval: 1.29-2.24]), and there was a trend toward an increased risk when compared with twins (adjusted odds ratio: 1.27 [95% confidence: 0.95-1.71]). CONCLUSIONS: Triplet or higher-order births are associated with an increased risk of @entity245 at 18 to 22 months' corrected age when compared with @entity600 singleton @entity1 , and there was a trend toward an increased risk when compared with twins.

title: Neurodevelopmental outcomes of triplets or higher-order XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Neurodevelopmental impairment', 'death or neurodevelopmental impairment']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['extremely low birth weight', 'birth weight', 'Extremely low birth weight']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral deafness']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['extremely low birth weight']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity600 twins have a higher rate of @entity245 than singletons. Higher-order @entity600 multiple births may have an even higher rate of @entity245 . METHODS: @entity600 ( @entity600 401-1000 g) multiple births born in participating centers of the Neonatal Research Network between 1996 and 2005 were assessed for @entity245 at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. @entity245 was defined by the presence of 1 or more of the following: moderate to severe @entity306 ; mental developmental index score or psychomotor developmental index score less than 70; severe @entity2319 ; or @entity1939 . @entity1 who died within 12 hours of birth were excluded. Maternal and @entity1 demographic and clinical variables were compared among singleton, twin, and triplet or higher-order @entity1 . Logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the association between singletons, twins, and triplet or higher-order multiples and @entity245 , controlling for confounding variables that may affect @entity245 . RESULTS: Our cohort consisted of 8296 singleton, 2164 twin, and 521 triplet or higher-order @entity1 . The risk of @entity245 was increased in triplets or higher-order multiples when compared with singletons (adjusted odds ratio: 1.7 [95% confidence interval: 1.29-2.24]), and there was a trend toward an increased risk when compared with twins (adjusted odds ratio: 1.27 [95% confidence: 0.95-1.71]). CONCLUSIONS: Triplet or higher-order births are associated with an increased risk of @entity245 at 18 to 22 months' corrected age when compared with @entity600 singleton @entity1 , and there was a trend toward an increased risk when compared with twins.

title: Neurodevelopmental outcomes of triplets or higher-order @entity600 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: CT perfusion ( @entity93 ) is widely and rapidly accessible for imaging acute @entity385 but has limited validation. Cerebral blood volume ( @entity2541 ) has been proposed as the best predictor of @entity1188 core. We tested @entity2541 against other common @entity93 parameters using contemporaneous diffusion MRI. METHODS: @entity1 with acute @entity385 <6 hours after onset had @entity93 and diffusion @entity422 hour apart, before any reperfusion therapies. @entity93 maps of @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), absolute and relative @entity2541 , @entity450 ( @entity450 ), mean transit time ( @entity98 ), and @entity1054 of the deconvolved tissue residue function (Tmax) were generated. The diffusion lesion was manually outlined to its maximal visual extent. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis area under the curve (AUC) was used to quantify the correspondence of each perfusion parameter to the coregistered diffusion-weighted imaging lesion. Optimal thresholds were determined (Youden index). RESULTS: In analysis of 98 @entity93 slabs (54 @entity1 , median onset to CT 190 minutes, median CT to MR 30 minutes), relative @entity450 performed best (AUC, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.77-81), significantly better than absolute @entity2541 (AUC, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.73-0.76). The optimal threshold was <31% of mean contralateral @entity450 . Specificity was reduced by low @entity450 / @entity2541 in noninfarcted white matter in cases with reduced contrast bolus intensity and @entity10334 . CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to previous reports, @entity450 corresponded with the acute diffusion-weighted imaging lesion better than @entity2541 , although no single threshold avoids detection of false-positive regions in unaffected white matter. This relates to low signal-to-noise ratio in @entity93 maps and emphasizes the need for optimized acquisition and postprocessing.

title: Cerebral blood flow is the optimal CT perfusion parameter for assessing XXXX core.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral blood flow', 'CBF']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to peak']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity547 is a frequent complication after stoma formation. The objective of this prospective study was to find long-term outcome of prophylactic mesh placement in the pre-peritoneal space in order to prevent @entity547 . METHODS: @entity1 undergoing elective formation of permanent stoma were included in the study. A @entity7502 mesh was placed in the pre-peritoneal space without any anchoring stitches and bowel was taken out through a central circular hole made in the mesh. These @entity1 were followed up for 5 years-by clinical examination and CT scan when needed. RESULTS: A total of 42 @entity1 were included in the study. These @entity1 were followed up for a median period of 60 months (range 32-100 months). Twelve @entity1 died before the 5-year follow up due to causes unrelated to stoma. As two @entity1 were unable to be contacted, 28 @entity1 remained in the long-term follow up. Three cases of @entity547 were detected after 5 years. None of these @entity1 required repairing of the @entity547 . However, a previous study conducted 3 years ago found 4 cases of @entity547 that was treated by resiting the stomas. Therefore the total number of @entity547 in our series is 7 (incidence 25%). CONCLUSIONS: Putting a pre-peritoneal @entity7502 mesh is an easy, quick and inexpensive method, and easy to learn. The outcome is better than creating stomas without mesh, but further studies are needed to explore potential benefits of different types of mesh and their methods of positioning and anchoring.

title: Prevention of XXXX Using Pre-peritoneal Mesh - Long Term Outcome of a Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Parastomal hernia', 'parastomal hernia', 'parastomal hernia detected']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Parastomal Hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the influence of synthetic superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) on dendritic cells and provides a possible method for labeling these cells. METHODS: SPIO nanoparticles were prepared, and their morphology and magnetic properties were characterized. The particles were endocytosed by dendritic cells generated from @entity19 bone marrow. Labeling efficiency and cellular uptake were analyzed by Prussian blue staining and quantitative spectrophotometric assay. Meanwhile, the surface molecules, cellular apoptosis, and functional properties of the SPIO-labeled dendritic cells were explored by flow cytometry and the mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. RESULTS: The synthetic nanoparticles possessed a spherical shape and good superparamagnetic behavior. The mean concentration of @entity68 in immature and mature dendritic cells was 31.8    0.7  g and 35.6    1.0  g per 1   10(6) cells, respectively. After 12 hours of incubation with SPIO at a concentration of 25  g/mL, nearly all cells were shown to contain @entity68 . Interestingly, cellular apoptosis and surface expression of @entity8271 , @entity11787 , major histocompatibility II, and chemokine receptor 7 in mature dendritic cells were not affected to any significant extent by SPIO labeling. T cell activation was maintained at a low ratio of dendritic cells to T cells. CONCLUSION: SPIO nanoparticles have good superparamagnetic behavior, highly biocompatible characteristics, and are suitable for use in further study of the migratory behavior and biodistribution of dendritic cells in vivo.

title: Influence of synthetic superparamagnetic XXXX on dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed @entity5 survivors' perceptions of the quality of their follow-up care. METHODS: We surveyed a population-based cohort of @entity1778 , bladder, and @entity14 survivors diagnosed 2 to 5 years previously in northern California (N = 623; participation rate, 69.2%; overall response rate, 49.2%). Data were collected between April 2003 and November 2004. Ten scales assessed survivors' perceptions of different aspects of care in the last 12 months, and an eleventh scale measured their overall ratings of care. RESULTS: On nine of the 11 scales, mean scores ranged from 88 to 97 on a 0 to 100 response format, indicating very positive experiences. The two areas where quality perceptions were lower were discussions about health promotion and the physician's knowledge of the whole @entity1 . In adjusted analyses, those without private health insurance (P = .02) and Hispanic and Asian survivors compared with whites (P < .001) reported worse timeliness of care. Survivors who had multiple comorbidities reported better scores on timeliness of care (P < .01) and physicians' knowledge (P = .05) than survivors without any comorbidity. Length of the @entity1 -physician relationship was the variable most consistently found to be significantly associated with survivors' quality assessments. Physicians' information exchange had the strongest relationship with overall ratings of care, followed by physicians' affective behavior, their knowledge of the survivor, and survivors' perceptions of coordination of care (P < .001 for all). CONCLUSION: Delivery of quality follow-up care to @entity5 survivors may require efforts to improve @entity1 -centered communication and coordination. Special emphasis may need to be placed on health promotion discussions and adoption of a whole- @entity1 orientation.

title: Assessment of quality of @entity5 -related follow-up care from the XXXX survivor's perspective.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed @entity5 survivors' perceptions of the quality of their follow-up care. METHODS: We surveyed a population-based cohort of @entity1778 , bladder, and @entity14 survivors diagnosed 2 to 5 years previously in northern California (N = 623; participation rate, 69.2%; overall response rate, 49.2%). Data were collected between April 2003 and November 2004. Ten scales assessed survivors' perceptions of different aspects of care in the last 12 months, and an eleventh scale measured their overall ratings of care. RESULTS: On nine of the 11 scales, mean scores ranged from 88 to 97 on a 0 to 100 response format, indicating very positive experiences. The two areas where quality perceptions were lower were discussions about health promotion and the physician's knowledge of the whole @entity1 . In adjusted analyses, those without private health insurance (P = .02) and Hispanic and Asian survivors compared with whites (P < .001) reported worse timeliness of care. Survivors who had multiple comorbidities reported better scores on timeliness of care (P < .01) and physicians' knowledge (P = .05) than survivors without any comorbidity. Length of the @entity1 -physician relationship was the variable most consistently found to be significantly associated with survivors' quality assessments. Physicians' information exchange had the strongest relationship with overall ratings of care, followed by physicians' affective behavior, their knowledge of the survivor, and survivors' perceptions of coordination of care (P < .001 for all). CONCLUSION: Delivery of quality follow-up care to @entity5 survivors may require efforts to improve @entity1 -centered communication and coordination. Special emphasis may need to be placed on health promotion discussions and adoption of a whole- @entity1 orientation.

title: Assessment of quality of XXXX -related follow-up care from the @entity5 survivor's perspective.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity4760 ( @entity4760 ) has a negative impact on the quality of life and leads to disabling morbidity, such as lower extremity amputation (LEA). This study aimed to evaluate the LEA trend before and after the establishment of the @entity6 foot team, an on-time debridement, on-site screening, and multidisciplinary integration with standardizing care, in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, @entity25697 Yi, Taiwan, starting in 2010. The study retrospectively investigated the non-traumatic LEA rate in @entity6 foot (identified by using ICD-9-Clinical Modification (CM) codes, 250.70-250.83) and whole @entity1 with @entity6 (ICD-9 250.XX) yearly from 2004 to 2013. @entity1 were enrolled from hospitalization, emergency room (ER), or outpatient departments, respectively. Despite the overall incidence of @entity6 foot in @entity1 with @entity6 remaining constant, from 3.47% in 2004 to 3.58% in 2013, the incidence of hospitalized @entity6 foot from @entity6 reduced, from 2.83% in 2004 to 1.51% in 2013. Introduction of integrated wound care also led to a reduction of the average LEA rate in hospitalized @entity1 , from 15.27% (2004-2009) to 6.08% (2010-2013) (P<0.001). A similar decline of the LEA rate was observed for @entity1 from hospitalization, ER and outpatient departments together with an average LEA rate from 7.99% (2004-2009) down to 3.02% (2010-2013) (P<0.001). In trend analysis, the curve estimation revealed a quadratic trend in the relationship between LEA rate and time (R-square=0.869, P=0.001) for hospitalized @entity1 as well as a linear (R-square=0.819, P<0.001) and quadratic (R-square=0.845, P=0.001) trend in the relationship between LEA rate and time for hospitalization, ER, and outpatient departments together. The LEA rate for @entity3918 @entity1 declined from 372.72/100,000 in 2004 to 61.74/100,000 in 2013. With establishment of an organizing, standardized wound care protocol and integrated multidisciplinary team, we demonstrated a significant decline in the LEA rate both in @entity6 foot @entity1 and all @entity1 with @entity6 . These improvements can be attributed to introducing an efficient pathway with on-time debridement and early intervention of @entity4760 .

title: Organization of wound healing services: The impact on lowering the XXXX foot amputation rate in a ten-year review and the importance of early debridement.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes foot ulcers', 'DFU', 'Diabetes foot ulceration']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pyogenic @entity5572 ( @entity1989 ) has been a condition of high mortality, improving over recent decades with combined antibiotic and percutaneous drainage. We aimed to identify the presenting features, diagnosis, microbiology, treatment and outcome for @entity1 over a 15-year period at an inner-city hospital. METHODS: @entity1 with an appropriate discharge diagnosis were identified and case records retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: A total of 73 @entity1 records were analysed. Common presenting features were @entity448 , @entity490 , @entity221 , @entity391 and @entity353 with raised white cell count, @entity1851 , alkaline phosphatase and hypoalbuminaemia. The delay following symptom onset to presentation was a mean of 17.3 days. The inclusion of @entity1989 as a possible diagnosis on admission was only considered in 1% of cases. Positive blood or abscess culture was achieved in 63% of cases. We recorded a hospital mortality rate of 11%. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, @entity1989 was rarely considered as a possible diagnosis at presentation. There are common presenting features, which should prompt early investigation. Our microbiological yield was lower than in some studies and may be due to the early empirical use of antibiotics, without microbiological guidance. Percutaneous drainage and antibiotic treatment remain the mainstay of management. The underlying cause for @entity1989 is often not identified. Emerging @entity295 or underlying @entity5 were strong predictors of mortality.

title: Presentations of pyogenic XXXX in one UK centre over a 15-year period.

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5572 :: (MESH:D008100,Disease) :: ['liver abscess']


abstract: The epidemiology of @entity101 and its treatment has been underlined by a huge research literature. Consistently raised arterial blood pressure in a clinic or home setting is a simple clinical observation that marks a predilection to a variety of fatal and non-fatal @entity455 events. Over the past 50 years tolerable, safe and effective primary and secondary medicines to offset a substantial amount of the associated morbidity and mortality risk of elevated blood pressure have emerged. Due to the nature of the population-relative risk and low absolute risk of this phenomenon it has often taken very large numbers of @entity1 recruited from multiple centres in several countries and huge financial investment to define these profiles. Few national clinical research funds have invested in this process and it has often been left to a relatively small group of investigators to work closely with the commercial producers of new medicines to complete the essential outcome trials on which much of contemporary cardiovascular medical practice is based. Currently there are few, if any, significant new drug entities relevant to raised blood pressure under development. Most of the underlying clinical management principles and associations are clear. Achieved blood pressure, through @entity1 adherence and variable prescriber practice, defines outcomes for individuals. The theoretical likelihood of a major step forward in the understanding of raised arterial blood pressure or a preferred means for population management is low. Moreover, with few new drug entities, investment in major outcome trials is unlikely to be proposed and the target for new trials is perhaps less apparent. While there can be no doubt that few areas in recent medical practice have benefited more from such huge achievements in underlining treatment, is it time to move on from the cardiovascular mega trial in @entity101 ?

title: Do we need more long-term outcome trials for the treatment of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'arterial hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to diagnose @entity697 , but there are overlapping features between @entity4436 and @entity14 ( @entity14 ) on imaging studies. Hence, colonoscopy is typically recommended after an episode of @entity697 to rule out underlying @entity5 . Currently, 64-slice multidetector CT scanners are capable of providing higher-resolution images and may be able to distinguish @entity5 from @entity32 . We aimed to determine the prevalence of @entity14 among @entity1 with CT-diagnosed @entity697 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity697 diagnosed on CT scan between December 2005 and December 2010 at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC. Nonresidents were excluded. We reviewed CT scan reports that included the term " @entity4436 ," reports of follow-up colonic evaluation within 1 year of diagnosis and pathology results. We queried the provincial @entity5 registry to ensure no cases of @entity14 were missed. RESULTS: A total of 293 @entity1 had @entity697 diagnosed on CT scan, but 8 were nonresidents and were excluded. Of the 285 included in the analysis, the mean age was 59.4    15.1 years, and 167 (58.6%) were @entity1 . Among the 114 @entity1 who underwent follow-up evaluation, @entity5 was diagnosed in 4 (3.5%). The overall prevalence of @entity5 among @entity1 with CT-diagnosed @entity4436 was 1.4%. CONCLUSION: Routine endoscopic evaluation after an episode of @entity4436 diagnosed with high-resolution CT scan does not appear to be necessary. Selective approach in @entity1 with protracted clinical course or those with @entity66 /obstruction on CT scan may be of benefit.

title: Colonoscopy after CT-diagnosed XXXX : Is it really necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute diverticulitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Paroxysmal @entity4710 is a common @entity943 that occurs at all ages. Its management is determined by presenting symptoms and previous history of the @entity1 . @entity1 present with a continuum of symptoms ranging from palpitations to @entity1163 . The incidence of @entity4710 increases with age. OBJECTIVES: To discuss the etiology, precipitating factors, and acute management of @entity4710 ; and to discuss nodal reentry circuits and representative electrocardiographic findings. CASE REPORT: We present the case of an 84-year-old @entity1 with @entity788 , choledolcholithiasis, and @entity2679 complicated by paroxysmal @entity4710 . We review this @entity943 , emphasizing its significance in elderly @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity4710 is a common @entity943 that can result in @entity1163 or @entity583 . We present a case of an elderly @entity1 with new-onset @entity2917 , possibly precipitated by overdrive of his autonomic nervous system due to @entity158 and @entity281 . As the percentage of the elderly in our population is growing rapidly and the incidence of AV nodal reentry @entity591 increases with age, emergency physicians should be familiar with this @entity943 -its etiology, precipitating factors, presentations, and treatment. It will present more frequently in the future.

title: Paroxysmal XXXX in an octogenarian.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'Supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Several angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) molecules have been implicated in enhancement of ex-vivo expansion of @entity19 and @entity1 (hu) hematopoietic stem cells, but there are no reports on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). We assessed purified recombinant endotoxin-free hu @entity62887 Coiled-Coil (CC), -3, -3CC, -3 fibrinogen-like domain (FLD), -4, -4CC, -5CC, -6 and -7 for effects on proliferation and survival of HPCs from hu cord blood (CB). None of the ANGPTL molecules stimulated CB @entity4306 proliferation, or enhanced or inhibited colony formation of CB @entity4306 stimulated by various growth factors. However, @entity36549 CC significantly enhanced survival of @entity4306 (CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-GEMM) subjected to delayed addition of growth factors. Survival enhancing effects of @entity36549 were neutralized by purified anti- @entity36549 , but not by anti- @entity8090 , -6, or -7. ANGPTL-2CC, -3, and -3CC, but not -4, -6, or -7 also enhanced replating capacity of single CB CFU-GEMM colonies, an estimate of the self-renewal capabilities of HPCs, by greater than 2 fold. Effects of at least ANGPTL-3CC may in part be mediated through phosphorylation of ERK. The ANGPTL molecules did not influence ex-vivo expansion of hu CB CD34(+) cells, alone, or in combination with @entity6826 , @entity5787 , @entity11601 , with or without @entity2772 . Thus, among ANGPTL family members, @entity72970 had enhancing activities on @entity1 @entity4306 survival and replating activity, effects requiring the CC domain of the ANGPTL molecules. This information is of relevance to hu @entity4306 regulation.

title: XXXX act through their coiled-coil domains to enhance survival and replating capacity of @entity1 cord blood hematopoietic progenitors.

answer: @entity72970 :: (23452;27329,Gene) :: ['Angiopoietin-like-2 and -3']


abstract: Several angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) molecules have been implicated in enhancement of ex-vivo expansion of @entity19 and @entity1 (hu) hematopoietic stem cells, but there are no reports on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). We assessed purified recombinant endotoxin-free hu @entity62887 Coiled-Coil (CC), -3, -3CC, -3 fibrinogen-like domain (FLD), -4, -4CC, -5CC, -6 and -7 for effects on proliferation and survival of HPCs from hu cord blood (CB). None of the ANGPTL molecules stimulated CB @entity4306 proliferation, or enhanced or inhibited colony formation of CB @entity4306 stimulated by various growth factors. However, @entity36549 CC significantly enhanced survival of @entity4306 (CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-GEMM) subjected to delayed addition of growth factors. Survival enhancing effects of @entity36549 were neutralized by purified anti- @entity36549 , but not by anti- @entity8090 , -6, or -7. ANGPTL-2CC, -3, and -3CC, but not -4, -6, or -7 also enhanced replating capacity of single CB CFU-GEMM colonies, an estimate of the self-renewal capabilities of HPCs, by greater than 2 fold. Effects of at least ANGPTL-3CC may in part be mediated through phosphorylation of ERK. The ANGPTL molecules did not influence ex-vivo expansion of hu CB CD34(+) cells, alone, or in combination with @entity6826 , @entity5787 , @entity11601 , with or without @entity2772 . Thus, among ANGPTL family members, @entity72970 had enhancing activities on @entity1 @entity4306 survival and replating activity, effects requiring the CC domain of the ANGPTL molecules. This information is of relevance to hu @entity4306 regulation.

title: @entity72970 act through their coiled-coil domains to enhance survival and replating capacity of XXXX cord blood hematopoietic progenitors.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Due to their unique molecular architecture translating into numerous every-day applications, @entity505 nanotubes (CNTs) will be ultimately an increasingly significant environmental contaminant. This work reviews qualitative/quantitative analyses of interactions of various types of CNTs and their chemically modified analogues with aqueous/aquatic media containing organic and inorganic contaminants and selected organisms of aquatic ecosystems. A special emphasis was placed on physicochemical interactions between CNTs as adsorbents of heavy metal cations and aromatic compounds (dyes) with its environmental consequences. The studies revealed CNTs as more powerful adsorbents of aromatic compounds (an order of magnitude higher adsorption capacity) than metal cations. Depending on the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and/or co-contaminants, CNTs may act as Trojan @entity1641 while passing through biological membranes (in the absence of NOM coordinating metal ions). Nanotubes, depending on flow conditions and their morphology/surface chemistry, may travel with natural waters or sediment with immobilized @entity2556 or metals and/or increase cyto- and ecotoxicity of @entity2556 /metal ions by their release via competitive complexation, or cause synergic ecotoxicity while adsorbing nutrients. Additionally, @entity137 of CNTs against exemplary aquatic microorganisms was reviewed. It was found for Daphnia magna that longer exposures to CNTs led to higher ecotoxicity with a prolonged @entity644 . SWCNTs were more toxic than MWCNTs, while hydrophilization of CNTs via oxidation or anchoring thereto polar/positively charged polymer chains enhanced stability of nanotubes dispersion in aqueous media. On the other hand, bioavailability of functionalized CNTs was improved leading to more complex both mechanisms of uptake and cytotoxic effects.

title: Interactions of XXXX nanotubes with aqueous/aquatic media containing organic/inorganic contaminants and selected organisms of aquatic ecosystems - A review.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['CNTs excretion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: @entity5603 , @entity9157 and @entity10130 are roundworms of @entity235 , @entity468 and @entity1707 , respectively, that can also infect @entity1 . These zoonotic helminths have a worldwide distribution and are also endemic in the Netherlands. Infection with Toxocara sp. may result in @entity9160 ( @entity9160 ) or ocular larva migrans (OLM) caused by the migrating larvae. Although A. suum has been reported to occasionally mature to the adult stage in @entity1 , clinical cases of @entity9160 suspected to be caused by A. suum have been described. @entity281 relies mainly on serology. Here we analyse the results from the Toxocara and Ascaris IgG-ELISA from a total of 2,838 serum samples from @entity9160 and OLM suspected @entity1 that were sent to our institution from 1998 to 2009. Results indicate that for each year the Ascaris seropositivity is significantly higher compared to the Toxocara seropositivity. Furthermore, while Toxocara seropositivity has decreased over time, the Ascaris seropositivity has not significantly changed for the past 12 years. The Ascaris and Toxocara seropositivity was also shown to increases with age and, while gender has no influence on the Ascaris seropositivity, males showed higher Toxocara seropositivity.

title: Toxocara and Ascaris seropositivity among XXXX suspected of visceral and ocular larva migrans in the Netherlands: trends from 1998 to 2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9157 :: ('6266', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara cati']

entities_list: @entity5603 :: ('6265', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara canis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Diagnosis of these helminth infections']

entities_list: @entity9160 :: ('MESH:D007816', 'Disease') :: ['visceral larva migrans', 'VLM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Certain oral streptococci produce @entity274 under aerobic growth conditions to inhibit competing species like @entity6586 . Additionally, @entity274 production causes the release of extracellular DNA (eDNA). eDNA can participate in several important functions: biofilm formation and cell-cell aggregation are supported by eDNA, while eDNA can serve as a nutrient and as an antimicrobial agent by chelating essential cations. eDNA contains DNA fragments of a size that has the potential to transfer genomic information. By using @entity9190 as a model organism for streptococcal @entity274 production, @entity274 -dependent eDNA release was further investigated. Under defined growth conditions, the eDNA release process was shown to be entirely dependent on @entity274 . Chromosomal DNA damage seems to be the intrinsic signal for the release, although only actively growing cells were proficient eDNA donors. Interestingly, the process of eDNA production was found to be coupled with the induction of the @entity9190 natural competence system. Consequently, the production of @entity274 triggered the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. These results suggest that @entity274 is potentially much more than a simple toxic metabolic by-product; rather, its production could serve as an important environmental signal that facilitates species evolution by transfer of genetic information and an increase in the mutation rate.

title: Hydrogen peroxide-dependent DNA release and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans']

entities_list: @entity9190 :: ('1302', 'Species') :: ['S. gordonii', 'Streptococcus gordonii']

answer: @entity9190 :: (1302,Species) :: ['Streptococcus gordonii']