abstract: We have characterised the changes in preimplantation embryos that occur in the mRNA population during the transition from maternal to zygotic control of embryogenesis. We connected the mRNA differential display method and RT-PCR based method that allows amplification of the whole population of messengers. In the early stages of development we have further characterised the level of individual mRNAs with the help of semiquantitative RT-PCR used with specific primers. This report concerns four of 12 cDNA fragments that appeared to be differentially expressed between the 4- and late 8-cell stages. A transcript corresponding to fragment no. 1/12 appears to be analogous to the maternal mRNA since it is abundant in 1-, 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos and rapidly decreases in the later stages. A similar pattern of expression was revealed in the transcript corresponding to fragment no. 8/9. A transcript corresponding to fragment no. 20/8 is newly synthesised from the embryonic genome at the late 8-cell stage and its amount rapidly increases during the following stages. This messenger shows a 91.7% identity with mRNA for @entity1 S3A ribosomal protein and 92.2% identity with mRNA for @entity468 S3A ribosomal protein. A transcript corresponding to fragment no. 8/19 is stage-specific, being newly synthesised from an embryonic genome at the late 8-cell stage and decreasing in the later stages. This messenger shows 86.6% identity with a @entity19 mRNA for @entity1521 -rich protein and 91.6% identity with @entity1 mRNA for KIAA-0058 gene. A complex of these molecular markers represents a suitable tool for answering questions concerning the molecular control of major gene activation during @entity291 embryogenesis.

title: Identification of differentially expressed mRNAs in XXXX preimplantation embryos.

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity468 :: ('9685', 'Species') :: ['Felis domesticus']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Molecular Misreading (MM) is the inaccurate conversion of genomic information into aberrant proteins. For example, when RNA polymerase II transcribes a GAGAG motif it synthesizes at low frequency RNA with a two-base deletion. If the deletion occurs in a coding region, translation will result in production of misframed proteins. During @entity1 aging, misframed versions of @entity1 @entity477 (hApp) and @entity72631 ( @entity36725 ) accumulate in the aggregates characteristic of @entity179 , suggesting dysfunctional degradation or clearance. Here cDNA clones encoding wild-type @entity36725 and the frame-shifted version @entity36725 (+1) were expressed in transgenic @entity238 using the @entity3403 -regulated system. Misframed proteins were abundantly produced, both from the transgenes and from endogenous @entity238 @entity72631 -encoding genes, and their abundance increased during aging in whole- @entity238 extracts. Over-expression of wild-type @entity36725 , but not @entity36725 (+1), was toxic during @entity238 development. In contrast, when over-expressed specifically in adult flies, @entity36725 (+1) caused small decreases in life span, whereas @entity36725 was associated with small increases, preferentially in males. The data suggest that MM occurs in @entity238 and that the resultant misframed proteins accumulate with age. MM of the @entity72631 gene can produce alternative @entity72631 gene products with different and sometimes opposing phenotypic effects.

title: @entity72631 over-expression phenotypes and @entity72631 gene molecular misreading during aging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['amyloid precursor protein']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['fly', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: Molecular Misreading (MM) is the inaccurate conversion of genomic information into aberrant proteins. For example, when RNA polymerase II transcribes a GAGAG motif it synthesizes at low frequency RNA with a two-base deletion. If the deletion occurs in a coding region, translation will result in production of misframed proteins. During @entity1 aging, misframed versions of @entity1 @entity477 (hApp) and @entity72631 ( @entity36725 ) accumulate in the aggregates characteristic of @entity179 , suggesting dysfunctional degradation or clearance. Here cDNA clones encoding wild-type @entity36725 and the frame-shifted version @entity36725 (+1) were expressed in transgenic @entity238 using the @entity3403 -regulated system. Misframed proteins were abundantly produced, both from the transgenes and from endogenous @entity238 @entity72631 -encoding genes, and their abundance increased during aging in whole- @entity238 extracts. Over-expression of wild-type @entity36725 , but not @entity36725 (+1), was toxic during @entity238 development. In contrast, when over-expressed specifically in adult flies, @entity36725 (+1) caused small decreases in life span, whereas @entity36725 was associated with small increases, preferentially in males. The data suggest that MM occurs in @entity238 and that the resultant misframed proteins accumulate with age. MM of the @entity72631 gene can produce alternative @entity72631 gene products with different and sometimes opposing phenotypic effects.

title: XXXX over-expression phenotypes and @entity72631 gene molecular misreading during aging in @entity238 .

answer: @entity72631 :: (34420(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Ubiquitin']


abstract: Molecular Misreading (MM) is the inaccurate conversion of genomic information into aberrant proteins. For example, when RNA polymerase II transcribes a GAGAG motif it synthesizes at low frequency RNA with a two-base deletion. If the deletion occurs in a coding region, translation will result in production of misframed proteins. During @entity1 aging, misframed versions of @entity1 @entity477 (hApp) and @entity72631 ( @entity36725 ) accumulate in the aggregates characteristic of @entity179 , suggesting dysfunctional degradation or clearance. Here cDNA clones encoding wild-type @entity36725 and the frame-shifted version @entity36725 (+1) were expressed in transgenic @entity238 using the @entity3403 -regulated system. Misframed proteins were abundantly produced, both from the transgenes and from endogenous @entity238 @entity72631 -encoding genes, and their abundance increased during aging in whole- @entity238 extracts. Over-expression of wild-type @entity36725 , but not @entity36725 (+1), was toxic during @entity238 development. In contrast, when over-expressed specifically in adult flies, @entity36725 (+1) caused small decreases in life span, whereas @entity36725 was associated with small increases, preferentially in males. The data suggest that MM occurs in @entity238 and that the resultant misframed proteins accumulate with age. MM of the @entity72631 gene can produce alternative @entity72631 gene products with different and sometimes opposing phenotypic effects.

title: @entity72631 over-expression phenotypes and XXXX gene molecular misreading during aging in @entity238 .

answer: @entity72631 :: (34420(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['ubiquitin']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 is a progressive disease and most @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 eventually need insulin therapy. The objective of this study was to clarify @entity2690 immunoreactivity ( @entity13324 ), a marker of beta cell function, as a predictor of requirement for insulin therapy. We conducted a retrospective study of 579 consecutive subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were admitted to our hospital from 2000 to 2007 and were able to be followed up for at least 6 months after discharge. Fasting and postprandial serum @entity13324 and urinary @entity13324 levels had been measured during admission. Information about insulin therapy at the last visit was obtained from medical records. At the last visit, 364 subjects (62.9%) were treated with insulin. Mean interval between discharge and the last visit was 4.5    2.3 years. Serum and urine @entity13324 levels at baseline were significantly associated with insulin treatment at the last visit (P<0.001 for all). Among @entity13324 values, postprandial serum @entity13324 to plasma @entity413 ratio ( @entity13324 index) showed the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for insulin therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluating the effect of postprandial @entity13324 index adjusted for other confounders showed consistent results with unadjusted results. In conclusion, beta cell dysfunction is significantly correlated with future insulin therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Our study indicates that among @entity13324 measurements, postprandial @entity13324 index is the best predictive marker for future insulin therapy.

title: Postprandial serum @entity2690 to plasma XXXX ratio as a predictor of subsequent insulin treatment in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 is a progressive disease and most @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 eventually need insulin therapy. The objective of this study was to clarify @entity2690 immunoreactivity ( @entity13324 ), a marker of beta cell function, as a predictor of requirement for insulin therapy. We conducted a retrospective study of 579 consecutive subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were admitted to our hospital from 2000 to 2007 and were able to be followed up for at least 6 months after discharge. Fasting and postprandial serum @entity13324 and urinary @entity13324 levels had been measured during admission. Information about insulin therapy at the last visit was obtained from medical records. At the last visit, 364 subjects (62.9%) were treated with insulin. Mean interval between discharge and the last visit was 4.5    2.3 years. Serum and urine @entity13324 levels at baseline were significantly associated with insulin treatment at the last visit (P<0.001 for all). Among @entity13324 values, postprandial serum @entity13324 to plasma @entity413 ratio ( @entity13324 index) showed the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for insulin therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluating the effect of postprandial @entity13324 index adjusted for other confounders showed consistent results with unadjusted results. In conclusion, beta cell dysfunction is significantly correlated with future insulin therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Our study indicates that among @entity13324 measurements, postprandial @entity13324 index is the best predictive marker for future insulin therapy.

title: Postprandial serum @entity2690 to plasma @entity413 ratio as a predictor of subsequent insulin treatment in @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 .

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 is a progressive disease and most @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 eventually need insulin therapy. The objective of this study was to clarify @entity2690 immunoreactivity ( @entity13324 ), a marker of beta cell function, as a predictor of requirement for insulin therapy. We conducted a retrospective study of 579 consecutive subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were admitted to our hospital from 2000 to 2007 and were able to be followed up for at least 6 months after discharge. Fasting and postprandial serum @entity13324 and urinary @entity13324 levels had been measured during admission. Information about insulin therapy at the last visit was obtained from medical records. At the last visit, 364 subjects (62.9%) were treated with insulin. Mean interval between discharge and the last visit was 4.5    2.3 years. Serum and urine @entity13324 levels at baseline were significantly associated with insulin treatment at the last visit (P<0.001 for all). Among @entity13324 values, postprandial serum @entity13324 to plasma @entity413 ratio ( @entity13324 index) showed the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for insulin therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluating the effect of postprandial @entity13324 index adjusted for other confounders showed consistent results with unadjusted results. In conclusion, beta cell dysfunction is significantly correlated with future insulin therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Our study indicates that among @entity13324 measurements, postprandial @entity13324 index is the best predictive marker for future insulin therapy.

title: Postprandial serum @entity2690 to plasma @entity413 ratio as a predictor of subsequent insulin treatment in @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 is a progressive disease and most @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 eventually need insulin therapy. The objective of this study was to clarify @entity2690 immunoreactivity ( @entity13324 ), a marker of beta cell function, as a predictor of requirement for insulin therapy. We conducted a retrospective study of 579 consecutive subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were admitted to our hospital from 2000 to 2007 and were able to be followed up for at least 6 months after discharge. Fasting and postprandial serum @entity13324 and urinary @entity13324 levels had been measured during admission. Information about insulin therapy at the last visit was obtained from medical records. At the last visit, 364 subjects (62.9%) were treated with insulin. Mean interval between discharge and the last visit was 4.5    2.3 years. Serum and urine @entity13324 levels at baseline were significantly associated with insulin treatment at the last visit (P<0.001 for all). Among @entity13324 values, postprandial serum @entity13324 to plasma @entity413 ratio ( @entity13324 index) showed the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for insulin therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluating the effect of postprandial @entity13324 index adjusted for other confounders showed consistent results with unadjusted results. In conclusion, beta cell dysfunction is significantly correlated with future insulin therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Our study indicates that among @entity13324 measurements, postprandial @entity13324 index is the best predictive marker for future insulin therapy.

title: Postprandial serum XXXX to plasma @entity413 ratio as a predictor of subsequent insulin treatment in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['C-peptide']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 is a progressive disease and most @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 eventually need insulin therapy. The objective of this study was to clarify @entity2690 immunoreactivity ( @entity13324 ), a marker of beta cell function, as a predictor of requirement for insulin therapy. We conducted a retrospective study of 579 consecutive subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were admitted to our hospital from 2000 to 2007 and were able to be followed up for at least 6 months after discharge. Fasting and postprandial serum @entity13324 and urinary @entity13324 levels had been measured during admission. Information about insulin therapy at the last visit was obtained from medical records. At the last visit, 364 subjects (62.9%) were treated with insulin. Mean interval between discharge and the last visit was 4.5    2.3 years. Serum and urine @entity13324 levels at baseline were significantly associated with insulin treatment at the last visit (P<0.001 for all). Among @entity13324 values, postprandial serum @entity13324 to plasma @entity413 ratio ( @entity13324 index) showed the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for insulin therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluating the effect of postprandial @entity13324 index adjusted for other confounders showed consistent results with unadjusted results. In conclusion, beta cell dysfunction is significantly correlated with future insulin therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Our study indicates that among @entity13324 measurements, postprandial @entity13324 index is the best predictive marker for future insulin therapy.

title: Postprandial serum @entity2690 to plasma @entity413 ratio as a predictor of subsequent insulin treatment in XXXX with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to develop and assess the validity and reliability of a target board test (TBT) for quantifying @entity2055 and measuring @entity6447 in the presence of @entity400 . DESIGN: Each subject was instructed to reach out and mark a target placed at arm's length with a pen (10 times with each hand). Ten @entity1 performed the test twice. SETTING: A hospital-based @entity15 ( @entity15 ) unit. SUBJECTS: Fifty-three @entity1 with @entity15 and upper limb @entity400 / @entity2055 and 20 healthy control subjects. The @entity15 @entity1 were classified into four subgroups: @entity15 control group (n = 13), @entity15 @entity400 group (n = 9), @entity15 @entity6447 group (n = 6), @entity15 mixed ( @entity400 and @entity6447 ) group (n = 25). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were the average radial distance away from the target (mean R) and the mean directional error (mean V) of the 10 contact points from the target. From these a @entity6447 @entity400 index (DTI) was calculated by dividing mean V by mean R. Also used were a @entity6447 scale, a dysdiadochokinesia scale and a finger-tapping test. RESULTS: Mean R correlated significantly with @entity6447 , dysdiadochokinesia, kinetic @entity400 and (inversely) with the finger-tapping test (all p < 0.005). The median difference between two measurements of mean R for all 10 contact points was 11.3% and 19.0% and for mean V48.3% and 63.4% and DTI 57.2% and 50.5% for the right- and left-hand sides respectively, indicating the considerable directional variability within @entity2055 . CONCLUSION: The TBT provides simple quantitative objective measurements of @entity2055 .

title: Target board test for the quantification of XXXX in tremulous @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['dysmetria']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia', 'upper limb ataxia']

answer: @entity2055 :: (MESH:D001259,Disease) :: ['ataxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to develop and assess the validity and reliability of a target board test (TBT) for quantifying @entity2055 and measuring @entity6447 in the presence of @entity400 . DESIGN: Each subject was instructed to reach out and mark a target placed at arm's length with a pen (10 times with each hand). Ten @entity1 performed the test twice. SETTING: A hospital-based @entity15 ( @entity15 ) unit. SUBJECTS: Fifty-three @entity1 with @entity15 and upper limb @entity400 / @entity2055 and 20 healthy control subjects. The @entity15 @entity1 were classified into four subgroups: @entity15 control group (n = 13), @entity15 @entity400 group (n = 9), @entity15 @entity6447 group (n = 6), @entity15 mixed ( @entity400 and @entity6447 ) group (n = 25). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were the average radial distance away from the target (mean R) and the mean directional error (mean V) of the 10 contact points from the target. From these a @entity6447 @entity400 index (DTI) was calculated by dividing mean V by mean R. Also used were a @entity6447 scale, a dysdiadochokinesia scale and a finger-tapping test. RESULTS: Mean R correlated significantly with @entity6447 , dysdiadochokinesia, kinetic @entity400 and (inversely) with the finger-tapping test (all p < 0.005). The median difference between two measurements of mean R for all 10 contact points was 11.3% and 19.0% and for mean V48.3% and 63.4% and DTI 57.2% and 50.5% for the right- and left-hand sides respectively, indicating the considerable directional variability within @entity2055 . CONCLUSION: The TBT provides simple quantitative objective measurements of @entity2055 .

title: Target board test for the quantification of @entity2055 in tremulous XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of two rapid urine tests fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products FDP (Aura @entity878 FDP, PerImmune Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA) and @entity150 antigen BTA (Bard BTA, Bard Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) to urinary cytology in establishing the diagnosis of @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) in @entity1 with suspected upper tract @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, urine samples were collected from 29 @entity1 with @entity4681 highly suspicious for @entity5 . Sensitivity and specificity of the BTA and FDP tests were determined and compared to those of cytology. All @entity1 interpreting the individual tests were blinded to the other test results. RESULTS: Of the 29 @entity1 evaluated, 14 were found to have upper tract @entity1606 . The overall sensitivity of FDP, BTA and urinary cytology was found to be 100%, 50% and 29%, respectively. The accuracy of the FDP test was 83% as compared to 62% for BTA and 59% for cytology. CONCLUSION: Urinary cytology lacks sensitivity in the diagnosis of upper tract @entity1606 . This preliminary study suggests that the point-of-care test, FDP, has better test characteristics than urinary cytology. Further evaluation of these tests is warranted for their potential to improve and facilitate the diagnosis of @entity5 .

title: A comparative analysis of rapid urine tests for the diagnosis of upper urinary tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['upper tract tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the upper tracts']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of HLA compatibility on the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). METHODS: This retrospective study involved 121 @entity1860 @entity1 including 90 in chronic phase, 8 in accelerated phase and 23 with @entity9638 . Of these @entity1 , 85 received related and 36 had unrelated donor allo-HSCT. The conditioning regimens included total body irradiation with @entity786 in 37 @entity1 , and modified BUCY protocol in 84 @entity1 . @entity205 (CsA) and @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) were used for @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis in @entity1 undergoing HLA-matched sibling donor transplants. CsA, @entity1500 , antihuman thymocyte globulin and @entity6051 were used in all the @entity1 undergoing HLA-mismatched related donor and unrelated donor transplants. The prognostic factors of @entity1860 were evaluated using Cox regression and the cumulative @entity1349 and the disease-free survival were estimated using Kaplan and Meier survival analysis model. RESULTS: The incidence of II-IV acute @entity2132 was 26.1% in HLA-matched and 53.3% in HLA-mismatched cases (P=0.006), with a 5-year cumulative incidence of chronic @entity2132 of 47.4% and 49.6%, respectively (P=0.947). The 5-year cumulative incidences of disease relapse was 16.7% in the total @entity1 , with a 5-year cumulative @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of 70.5% and disease-free survival (DFS) of 63.4%. The 5-year @entity1349 was 78.2% in HLA-matched cases, as compared with 47.6% in HLA-mismatched cases. Multivariate analysis with Cox regression model identified HLA mismatch, II-IV acute @entity2132 , and advanced phase as the risk factors affecting the @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: HLA mismatch can significantly increase the incidence of II-IV acute @entity2132 following allo-HSCT and decrease the long-term survival rate, which is not related to the donor source.

title: [Impact of HLA compatibility on the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present to general dentists the typical signs and symptoms associated with adult acute (primary) herpetic @entity10701 . The pertinent laboratory tests, management options and current pharmacotherapy are also reviewed. REVIEW DESIGN: The clinical files of 13 adult @entity1 were reviewed. All had no history of @entity2025 and presented with oral lesions suggestive of primary @entity281 . The subjects were all @entity1 of one of the investigators, and their workup included Tzanck testing and viral culture. RESULTS: The @entity1 ranged in age from 18 to 79 (mean 37.2, standard deviation 19.6) years. Nine (69%) were @entity1 . Viral culture was confirmed as the gold standard for diagnosis. The sensitivity of Tzanck testing was 77% (10/13), slightly higher than that reported previously (40% to 50%). In this @entity1 group the febrile lymphadenopathic profile was typical of younger @entity1 (18 to 42 years of age), whereas older @entity1 presented with predominantly oral symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10701 is not limited to @entity1 but can affect @entity1 of any age. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential, particularly in elderly and immunocompromised @entity1 . Tzanck testing may serve as a useful adjunct in diagnosis. Antiviral agents such as @entity6933 and @entity28959 should be considered part of early management. Dentists are often the first health care professionals to be consulted by @entity1 with this condition, and recognition of the @entity281 is paramount.

title: XXXX in adults: a review of 13 cases, including diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10701 :: ('MESH:D013283', 'Disease') :: ['gingivostomatitis', 'Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'herpetic infection']

entities_list: @entity6933 :: ('MESH:C084555', 'Chemical') :: ['valacyclovir']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex virus infection']

entities_list: @entity28959 :: ('MESH:C060590', 'Chemical') :: ['famciclovir']

answer: @entity10701 :: (MESH:D013283,Disease) :: ['Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis']


abstract: The responses of sympathetic nerve activity to transient stress can be exaggerated in @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ), @entity101 subjects. Cardiac and renal interstitial norepinephrine (iNE) levels during and after transient @entity2944 were investigated in conscious @entity1702 @entity35 . Dahl @entity1702 and salt-resistant (SR) 6-wk-old @entity35 were fed a high-salt diet, and at 12 wk iNE levels in the heart and kidney were determined using microdialysis with probes inserted in the left ventricular (LV) wall and kidney. A telemetry system determined blood pressure and heart rate (HR) in separate animals. After recovery from the operation, data were collected before, during, and after exposure to normoxic 10% @entity515 for 25 min under unanesthetized conditions. The plasma NE concentrations at baseline did not differ between the two strains. Both cardiac and renal iNE levels were much higher in @entity1702 @entity35 than in SR @entity35 at baseline as well as during hypercapnic stress. After stress, the markedly increased iNE levels of @entity1702 @entity35 were prolonged in the LV as well as in the kidney. During hypercapnic stress, HR decreased in both @entity1702 and SR @entity35 , while sudden increases in HR immediately after the withdrawal from stress were followed by its slower reduction in @entity1702 @entity35 compared with SR @entity35 . In conclusion, transient hypercapnic stress causes exaggerated and prolonged elevation of iNE levels in the heart as well as in kidneys of @entity1702 animals.

title: Transient hypercapnic stress causes exaggerated and prolonged elevation of cardiac and renal interstitial norepinephrine levels in conscious XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['salt-sensitive', 'SS']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The responses of sympathetic nerve activity to transient stress can be exaggerated in @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ), @entity101 subjects. Cardiac and renal interstitial norepinephrine (iNE) levels during and after transient @entity2944 were investigated in conscious @entity1702 @entity35 . Dahl @entity1702 and salt-resistant (SR) 6-wk-old @entity35 were fed a high-salt diet, and at 12 wk iNE levels in the heart and kidney were determined using microdialysis with probes inserted in the left ventricular (LV) wall and kidney. A telemetry system determined blood pressure and heart rate (HR) in separate animals. After recovery from the operation, data were collected before, during, and after exposure to normoxic 10% @entity515 for 25 min under unanesthetized conditions. The plasma NE concentrations at baseline did not differ between the two strains. Both cardiac and renal iNE levels were much higher in @entity1702 @entity35 than in SR @entity35 at baseline as well as during hypercapnic stress. After stress, the markedly increased iNE levels of @entity1702 @entity35 were prolonged in the LV as well as in the kidney. During hypercapnic stress, HR decreased in both @entity1702 and SR @entity35 , while sudden increases in HR immediately after the withdrawal from stress were followed by its slower reduction in @entity1702 @entity35 compared with SR @entity35 . In conclusion, transient hypercapnic stress causes exaggerated and prolonged elevation of iNE levels in the heart as well as in kidneys of @entity1702 animals.

title: Transient hypercapnic stress causes exaggerated and prolonged elevation of cardiac and renal interstitial norepinephrine levels in conscious @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Cold-pressed canola cake is a coproduct of biodiesel production that contains more residual oil than expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted canola meal. Cold-pressed canola cake might be an attractive feedstuff for @entity1707 due to local availability from small plants. However, the nutritional quality and content of anti-nutritional factors of cold-pressed canola cake are poorly defined and vary with processing conditions. This experiment evaluated cold-pressed canola cake processed using 4 different conditions: a nonheated and heated barrel at slow and fast screw speed in a 2   2 factorial arrangement. Seven ileally cannulated barrows (26 kg of BW) were fed twice daily at 2.8   maintenance diets containing either 44% of 1 of the 4 cold-pressed canola cake samples, expeller-pressed canola meal, canola seed, or an N-free diet in a 7   7 Latin square. The objectives were to measure the energy and @entity5066 digestibility and to calculate @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) @entity5066 and NE content. Each 9-d experimental period consisted of a 5-d diet adaptation, followed by 2-d feces and 2-d ileal digesta collections, and 7 observations per diet were obtained. Cold-pressed canola cake contained 41% CP, 16% ether extract, and 5   mol of total @entity24150 /g ( @entity3918 basis). Both apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and total tract energy digestibility of energy in cold-pressed canola cake was 36% greater (P < 0.05) in heated vs. nonheated conditions and 8% greater (P < 0.05) in fast vs. slow screw speed without interaction, indicating that heat enhanced energy digestibility. The AID of energy of cold-pressed canola cake was 13 and 118% greater (P < 0.01) than expeller-pressed canola meal and canola seed, respectively. Heat and speed interacted (P < 0.05) for @entity4628 of @entity5066 of test ingredients, but effects were not consistent among @entity5066 . The DE and calculated NE content of cold-pressed canola cake was 0.73 and 0.52 Mcal/kg greater (P=0.001; @entity3918 basis), respectively, than expeller-pressed canola meal and did not differ from canola seed. Cold-pressed canola cake averaged 4.17 Mcal of DE/kg, 2.84 Mcal of NE/kg, 0.87% @entity4628 Lys, 0.46% @entity4628 Met, and 0.79% @entity4628 Thr ( @entity3918 basis). In conclusion, processing conditions greatly affected the digestible nutrient content of cold-pressed canola cake. Content of residual ether extract was an important determinant of the energy value of @entity5032 cake, whereas residual glucosinolates did not seem to hamper nutrient digestibility.

title: Processing conditions affect nutrient digestibility of cold-pressed canola cake for grower XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5032 :: ('MESH:C569627', 'Disease') :: ['cold-press canola']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['SID', 'standardized ileal digestible']

entities_list: @entity24150 :: ('MESH:D005961', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosinolates']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine changes in @entity39102 -transport-dependent dye exclusion in outgrowths from limbal explants. METHODS: @entity1 or @entity95 limbal strips were deposited onto inserts. Over a month, the segments were twice transferred to new inserts. Fresh tissue (FT) cells, obtained by sequential dispase-trypsin digestion and the cells growing from the explant cultures, were characterized for @entity39102 -dependent efflux by flow cytometry using a newly identified substratum, JC1. @entity95 cells were sorted into JC1-excluding (JC1(low)) and main (JC1(main)) cohorts and seeded with feeder 3T3 cells to determine colony formation efficiency (CFE). RESULTS: The JC1(low) cells were all Hoechst 33342-excluding cells and vice versa, establishing the physical equivalence between JC1(low) and the side population (SP). JC1(low) cell content was reduced by three @entity39102 -specific inhibitors: FTC, @entity39549 , and @entity49320 . JC1(low) percentiles for the fresh @entity1 and @entity95 cells were 1.4% and 4.1% and CFEs for @entity95 JC1(low) and JC1(main) were 1.2% and 5.3%. In contrast, the respective JC1(low) percentiles in the first and second outgrowths were 19.5% and 27.4% and 25.8% and 32.5%, and the @entity95 JC1(low) and JC1(main) CFEs were 12.3% and 0.9%. Thus, although in FT the contribution of the JC1(low) cohort to the CFE is minimal, in the explant culture the phenotype incorporates >80% of the CFE. CONCLUSIONS: @entity39102 -dependent dye exclusion undergoes a large expansion in explant culture and becomes associated with a high CFE. The transport increase is more pronounced at late outgrowth times, suggesting permanence of stem cells within the explant.

title: XXXX -dependent dye exclusion activity and clonal potential in epithelial cells continuously growing for 1 month from limbal explants.

entities_list: @entity49320 :: ('MESH:D005897', 'Chemical') :: ['glafenine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'Rabbit']

answer: @entity39102 :: (100008640(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['ABCG2']


abstract: We tested the hypotheses that active upper airway closure during induced @entity2417 in nonsedated @entity742 1). is complete and occurs at the laryngeal level and 2). is not due to stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerves (SLN). Five newborn @entity742 were surgically instrumented to record thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle (glottal constrictor) electromyographic (EMG) activity with supra- and subglottal pressures. @entity2417 were induced before and after SLN sectioning in the five @entity742 . A total of 174 @entity386 were induced, 116 before and 58 after sectioning of the internal branch of the SLN (iSLN). Continuous TA EMG activity was observed in 88% of @entity386 before iSLN section and in 87% of @entity386 after iSLN section. A transglottal pressure different from zero was observed in all @entity386 with TA EMG activity, with a mean subglottal pressure of 4.3 +/- 0.8 cm @entity2507 before and 4.7 +/- 0.7 cm @entity2507 after iSLN section. Supraglottal pressure was consistently atmospheric. Sectioning of both iSLNs had no effects on the results. We conclude that upper airway closure during induced @entity2417 in @entity742 is active, complete, and occurs at the glottal level only. Consequently, a positive subglottal pressure is maintained throughout the @entity386 . Finally, this complete active glottal closure is independent from laryngeal afferent innervation.

title: Active upper airway closure during induced XXXX in @entity742 is complete at the laryngeal level only.

entities_list: @entity2417 :: ('MESH:D020182', 'Disease') :: ['Hypocapnic and nonhypocapnic central apneas', 'central apneas']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apneas']

answer: @entity2417 :: (MESH:D020182,Disease) :: ['central apneas']


abstract: We tested the hypotheses that active upper airway closure during induced @entity2417 in nonsedated @entity742 1). is complete and occurs at the laryngeal level and 2). is not due to stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerves (SLN). Five newborn @entity742 were surgically instrumented to record thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle (glottal constrictor) electromyographic (EMG) activity with supra- and subglottal pressures. @entity2417 were induced before and after SLN sectioning in the five @entity742 . A total of 174 @entity386 were induced, 116 before and 58 after sectioning of the internal branch of the SLN (iSLN). Continuous TA EMG activity was observed in 88% of @entity386 before iSLN section and in 87% of @entity386 after iSLN section. A transglottal pressure different from zero was observed in all @entity386 with TA EMG activity, with a mean subglottal pressure of 4.3 +/- 0.8 cm @entity2507 before and 4.7 +/- 0.7 cm @entity2507 after iSLN section. Supraglottal pressure was consistently atmospheric. Sectioning of both iSLNs had no effects on the results. We conclude that upper airway closure during induced @entity2417 in @entity742 is active, complete, and occurs at the glottal level only. Consequently, a positive subglottal pressure is maintained throughout the @entity386 . Finally, this complete active glottal closure is independent from laryngeal afferent innervation.

title: Active upper airway closure during induced @entity2417 in XXXX is complete at the laryngeal level only.

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: Secretory phospholipases A(2) ( @entity18471 ) are released in large amounts in the blood of @entity1 with systemic inflammatory diseases and accumulate at sites of chronic @entity32 , such as the airways of @entity1 with @entity565 . Blood eosinophils or eosinophils recruited in inflammatory areas therefore can be exposed in vivo to high concentrations of @entity7098 . We have examined the effects of two structurally different @entity18471 (group IA and group IIA) on several functions of eosinophils isolated from normal donors and @entity1 with @entity1712 . Both group IA and IIA @entity7098 ) induced a concentration-dependent release of beta-glucuronidase, @entity650 , and @entity687 . Release of the two cytokines was associated with the accumulation of their specific mRNA. In addition, @entity18471 induced the surface expression of @entity1759 and @entity7986 , two major activation markers of eosinophils. In contrast, none of the @entity18471 examined induced the production of @entity225 , the de novo synthesis of @entity223 and platelet-activating factor, or the generation of @entity224 anion from @entity1 eosinophils. Incubation of eosinophils with the major enzymatic products of the @entity18471 ( @entity1426 , @entity6579 , or @entity4990 ) did not reproduce any of the enzymes' effects. In addition, inactivation of @entity7098 ) enzymatic activity by @entity3349 did not influence the release of beta-glucuronidase or of cytokines. Stimulation of eosinophils by @entity18471 was associated with activation of @entity3962 . These results indicate that @entity18471 selectively activate certain proinflammatory and immunoregulatory functions of @entity1 eosinophils through mechanism(s) independent from enzymatic activity and from the generation of @entity1426 .

title: Secretory phospholipases A2 activate selective functions in XXXX eosinophils.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity3349 :: ('MESH:C006821', 'Chemical') :: ['bromophenacyl bromide']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2']

entities_list: @entity223 :: ('MESH:D017997', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene C(4)']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Impulses in 45 single mechanoreceptive afferents were recorded from the @entity1 @entity129 with permucosally inserted @entity5335 microelectrodes. All afferents responded to mechanical stimulation of one or more @entity2651 and most likely innervated their periodontal ligaments. For each afferent, isolated " @entity72632 shaped force profiles of similar magnitudes (252 +/- 24 mN; mean +/- SD) were applied to the lower first premolar, the second premolar, and the first molar on the recording side. The tooth loads were applied in six directions: lingual, facial, mesial, and distal in the horizontal plane and up and down in the vertical direction of the tooth. The afferents response during the static phase of the stimulus was analyzed. All afferents were slowly adapting, discharging continuously in response to static forces in at least one stimulation direction. Twenty-nine afferents (64%) were spontaneously active, exhibiting an ongoing discharge in the absence of external stimulation. Stimulation of a single tooth was found to excite each afferent most strongly. The @entity22322 ( @entity22322 ) was the first premolar for 23, the second premolar for 13, and the first molar for 9 afferents. About half of the afferent population also responded to loading of one or two more teeth. The response profiles of these afferents indicated that the multiple-teeth receptive fields were due to mechanical coupling between the teeth rather than branching of single afferents to innervate several teeth. The afferent responses to loading the mesial and distal halves of the first molars were very similar. Thus both intensive and directional aspects of the afferent response when loading one side of the tooth was preserved to a great extent when loading the other side. When loading the @entity22322 , the afferents typically showed excitatory responses in two to four of the six stimulation directions, i.e., the afferents were broadly tuned to direction of tooth loading. In the horizontal plane, the afferent populations at the premolar teeth expressed no clear directional preferences. The afferents at the molar, however, showed a strong directional bias in the distal-lingual direction. In the vertical plane, there was a preference for downward-directed forces with a gradually decreasing sensitivity distally along the dental arch. The present results demonstrate that @entity1 periodontal afferents supplying anterior and posterior teeth differ in their capacity to signal horizontal and vertical forces, respectively.

title: Receptive field properties of XXXX periodontal afferents responding to loading of premolar and molar teeth.

entities_list: @entity5335 :: ('MESH:D014414', 'Chemical') :: ['tungsten']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['inferior alveolar nerve']

entities_list: @entity22322 :: ('MESH:D014076', 'Disease') :: ['most sensitive tooth', 'MST']

entities_list: @entity2651 :: ('MESH:D000848', 'Disease') :: ['premolar or molar teeth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Experimental control Strains 30, representative of commercial broiler dam stocks in the late 1970's, and K, representative of commercial broiler stocks of 20 years earlier, were compared. Development of carcass @entity1386 and related traits and physiological traits from 3 to 17 weeks of age were studied. About 12 @entity1573 of mixed sex of each strain were bled and killed at 2-week intervals beginning at 3 weeks of age for measurement of traits. From 3 to 17 weeks of age, percentage abdominal fat of carcass, carcass fat (ether extract) and plasma very low density lipoproteins ( @entity37768 ) increased with age. Percentage carcass @entity1568 , ash, and water, lipase activity of abdominal fat expressed per mg protein or per g of fat ( @entity22705 /g F), and protein concentration of the abdominal fat enzyme preparation (P/ml EPrep) decreased with age. Strain 30 had a higher percentage of abdominal fat and carcass fat, but less carcass @entity1568 , ash, and water than Strain K, although there were interactions with sex and age. For physiological traits, Strain 30 had more @entity22705 /g F and less P/ml EPrep than Strain K. Males had lower percentages of abdominal fat, carcass fat, and plasma @entity37768 , and higher percentages of carcass @entity1568 , ash, and water than females. There were no significant differences between sexes for the other physiological traits. There were significant (P less than .01) partial correlations between plasma @entity37768 and percentage abdominal fat (.22), and between P/ml EPrep and percentages of abdominal fat (-.25), carcass fat (-.29), carcass @entity1568 (.30), and carcass water (.30). These observations in conjunction with multiple regression analyses indicated that, in addition to plasma @entity37768 , protein concentration of adipose tissue expressed as P/ml EPrep might be a useful predictor of @entity1386 in @entity1573 .

title: Plasma very low density lipoproteins, abdominal fat lipase, and XXXX during rearing in two strains of broiler @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['fatness']


abstract: Experimental control Strains 30, representative of commercial broiler dam stocks in the late 1970's, and K, representative of commercial broiler stocks of 20 years earlier, were compared. Development of carcass @entity1386 and related traits and physiological traits from 3 to 17 weeks of age were studied. About 12 @entity1573 of mixed sex of each strain were bled and killed at 2-week intervals beginning at 3 weeks of age for measurement of traits. From 3 to 17 weeks of age, percentage abdominal fat of carcass, carcass fat (ether extract) and plasma very low density lipoproteins ( @entity37768 ) increased with age. Percentage carcass @entity1568 , ash, and water, lipase activity of abdominal fat expressed per mg protein or per g of fat ( @entity22705 /g F), and protein concentration of the abdominal fat enzyme preparation (P/ml EPrep) decreased with age. Strain 30 had a higher percentage of abdominal fat and carcass fat, but less carcass @entity1568 , ash, and water than Strain K, although there were interactions with sex and age. For physiological traits, Strain 30 had more @entity22705 /g F and less P/ml EPrep than Strain K. Males had lower percentages of abdominal fat, carcass fat, and plasma @entity37768 , and higher percentages of carcass @entity1568 , ash, and water than females. There were no significant differences between sexes for the other physiological traits. There were significant (P less than .01) partial correlations between plasma @entity37768 and percentage abdominal fat (.22), and between P/ml EPrep and percentages of abdominal fat (-.25), carcass fat (-.29), carcass @entity1568 (.30), and carcass water (.30). These observations in conjunction with multiple regression analyses indicated that, in addition to plasma @entity37768 , protein concentration of adipose tissue expressed as P/ml EPrep might be a useful predictor of @entity1386 in @entity1573 .

title: Plasma very low density lipoproteins, abdominal fat lipase, and @entity1386 during rearing in two strains of broiler XXXX .

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity907 ( @entity907 ) is a common disorder that is triggered by orthostatic stress. The circulatory adjustments to orthostatic stress occur just prior to a @entity909 . @entity907 prediction would protect @entity1 from falls or accidents. METHODS AND RESULTS: Based on simultaneously recorded heart rate (HR) and pulse wave during 70   @entity135 ( @entity135 ) table testing we investigated a @entity1163 warning system. In 14 @entity1 with a history of suspected @entity907 we tested 2 algorithms based on HR and/or @entity1054 ( @entity1605 ). When the cumulative risk exceeded the threshold, which was calculated during the first 2 minutes following the posture change to upright position, a @entity1163 prediction alarm was triggered. All @entity1163 (n = 7) were detected more than 16 seconds before the onset of @entity1296 or @entity909 by using a prediction alarm based on HR and @entity1605 ( @entity1163 @entity1605 ). No false alarm was generated in @entity1 with negative @entity135 (n = 7). Syncope prediction was improved by detecting the slope of HR changes as compared with monitoring @entity1605 changes alone ( @entity1163 prediction algorithm 1). The duration between the prediction alarm and the occurrence of @entity1163 was 99    108 seconds. CONCLUSION: Predicting @entity907 is feasible by monitoring HR and the onset of the pulse wave at the periphery. This approach might improve @entity907 management.

title: Predicting neurally mediated @entity1163 based on XXXX : algorithm development and preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-up tilt', 'HUT']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['prediction algorithm 2', 'PAT']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['NMS', 'Neurally mediated syncope']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopes', 'syncope']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['unconsciousness', 'sudden loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['pulse arrival time']

answer: @entity1054 :: (MESH:D000377,Disease) :: ['pulse arrival time']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity907 ( @entity907 ) is a common disorder that is triggered by orthostatic stress. The circulatory adjustments to orthostatic stress occur just prior to a @entity909 . @entity907 prediction would protect @entity1 from falls or accidents. METHODS AND RESULTS: Based on simultaneously recorded heart rate (HR) and pulse wave during 70   @entity135 ( @entity135 ) table testing we investigated a @entity1163 warning system. In 14 @entity1 with a history of suspected @entity907 we tested 2 algorithms based on HR and/or @entity1054 ( @entity1605 ). When the cumulative risk exceeded the threshold, which was calculated during the first 2 minutes following the posture change to upright position, a @entity1163 prediction alarm was triggered. All @entity1163 (n = 7) were detected more than 16 seconds before the onset of @entity1296 or @entity909 by using a prediction alarm based on HR and @entity1605 ( @entity1163 @entity1605 ). No false alarm was generated in @entity1 with negative @entity135 (n = 7). Syncope prediction was improved by detecting the slope of HR changes as compared with monitoring @entity1605 changes alone ( @entity1163 prediction algorithm 1). The duration between the prediction alarm and the occurrence of @entity1163 was 99    108 seconds. CONCLUSION: Predicting @entity907 is feasible by monitoring HR and the onset of the pulse wave at the periphery. This approach might improve @entity907 management.

title: Predicting neurally mediated XXXX based on @entity1054 : algorithm development and preliminary results.

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying a reported tendency for @entity1 who hold strong religious beliefs to seek medical help at more advanced stages of @entity0 are unknown. This study investigates further the effect of religious beliefs with other variables on @entity0 screening and the intended presentation of a self-discovered breast lump. METHODS: The study included 682 eastern North Carolina @entity1 aged 40 and over who were interviewed in their homes about religious and other beliefs about @entity0 , screening, and intended actions with a self-discovered breast lump. RESULTS: Principal components factor analysis results suggested that a majority of @entity1 believe that God works through doctors to cure @entity0 . We labeled this dimension "religious intervention with treatment." A minority believed that medical treatment was unnecessary because only God could cure @entity0 . We labeled this dimension "religious intervention in place of treatment." The first dimension correlated with self-reported mammography but not clinical breast examination or @entity1 's intention to delay presentation of a self-discovered breast lump. The second dimension, significantly more common in African American @entity1 who were less educated and older, correlated strongly with the intention to delay presentation of a self-discovered breast lump. CONCLUSIONS: Belief in "religious intervention in place of treatment" may help to explain why African American @entity1 delay presentation of palpable breast lumps, contributing to advanced-stage @entity5 diagnosis. We suggest that clinicians and clergy work together within the context of religious beliefs to enhance early detection and survival from @entity0 .

title: Religious beliefs and XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate survival, clinical, and genetic characteristics of all @entity1 with classic or type 1 @entity12199 born between 1972 and 1990 in the Netherlands, who at the time were enrolled in an observational study. METHOD: We re-evaluated 24 @entity1 (11 males, 13 females) for long-term follow-up and survival information. RESULTS: Mean length of follow-up was 14 years (SD 9 y 8 mo). Eleven @entity1 were alive at follow-up. All @entity1 showed severe @entity717 , @entity302 , and complete dependency on care. Life expectancy was related to the severity of the @entity12199 on neuroimaging. Molecular analysis of the @entity24626 gene was not possible at the time of the original study and was now requested by eight parents. This revealed a pathogenic nonsense mutation or deletion in seven @entity1 . INTERPRETATION: Our study provides information about the long-term course of @entity12199 and the relationship between @entity12199 severity and prognosis. It also shows that renewed attention to genetic counselling remains valued by families of @entity1 with a severe @entity16 .

title: Long-term follow-up of type 1 XXXX : survival is related to neuroimaging abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['congenital neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity12199 :: ('MESH:D054082', 'Disease') :: ['lissencephaly']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['intractable epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity12199 :: (MESH:D054082,Disease) :: ['lissencephaly']


abstract: AIMS: In @entity6 , @entity16 promotes macroangiopathy and endothelial regeneration is impaired, owing to reduced endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Given that insulin influences endothelial biology, we compared the effects of add-on basal insulin analogues on @entity16 and regeneration in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). METHODS: This was a 6-month randomized crossover trial comparing add-on insulin detemir versus glargine in poorly controlled @entity2175 with macroangiopathy. At baseline, crossover (3 months) and study end (6 months), we measured HbA1c, EPCs, circulating endothelial cells (CECs), @entity4725 , @entity2071 and @entity4105 . Body weight and hypoglycaemic episodes were also recorded. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 completed the study, randomly assigned to the glargine-detemir (n = 21) or the detemir-glargine (n = 21) schedule. At crossover, EPC levels did not change compared with baseline, but significantly increased at study end. CECs decreased over time and were significantly reduced at study end. @entity2071 , @entity4725 and @entity4105 were significantly reduced at crossover and further decreased at study end. No differences were seen in these effects between detemir and glargine. HbA1c showed a carryover effect and its reduction was similar with detemir and glargine in the first arm. Incidence of hypoglycaemia and @entity1017 was lower with detemir than with glargine in both arms. CONCLUSION: Optimized glycaemic control by add-on basal insulin improved indexes of @entity16 and regeneration. Compared to glargine, detemir achieved similar endothelial protection with lower @entity1017 and less hypoglycaemia. These results might have implications for therapy of aging @entity2175 @entity1 with @entity65 .

title: Optimized glycaemic control achieved with add-on basal insulin therapy improves indexes of XXXX and regeneration in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with macroangiopathy: a randomized crossover trial comparing detemir versus glargine.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial damage']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['endothelial damage']


abstract: AIMS: In @entity6 , @entity16 promotes macroangiopathy and endothelial regeneration is impaired, owing to reduced endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Given that insulin influences endothelial biology, we compared the effects of add-on basal insulin analogues on @entity16 and regeneration in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). METHODS: This was a 6-month randomized crossover trial comparing add-on insulin detemir versus glargine in poorly controlled @entity2175 with macroangiopathy. At baseline, crossover (3 months) and study end (6 months), we measured HbA1c, EPCs, circulating endothelial cells (CECs), @entity4725 , @entity2071 and @entity4105 . Body weight and hypoglycaemic episodes were also recorded. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 completed the study, randomly assigned to the glargine-detemir (n = 21) or the detemir-glargine (n = 21) schedule. At crossover, EPC levels did not change compared with baseline, but significantly increased at study end. CECs decreased over time and were significantly reduced at study end. @entity2071 , @entity4725 and @entity4105 were significantly reduced at crossover and further decreased at study end. No differences were seen in these effects between detemir and glargine. HbA1c showed a carryover effect and its reduction was similar with detemir and glargine in the first arm. Incidence of hypoglycaemia and @entity1017 was lower with detemir than with glargine in both arms. CONCLUSION: Optimized glycaemic control by add-on basal insulin improved indexes of @entity16 and regeneration. Compared to glargine, detemir achieved similar endothelial protection with lower @entity1017 and less hypoglycaemia. These results might have implications for therapy of aging @entity2175 @entity1 with @entity65 .

title: Optimized glycaemic control achieved with add-on basal insulin therapy improves indexes of @entity16 and regeneration in type 2 XXXX @entity1 with macroangiopathy: a randomized crossover trial comparing detemir versus glargine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: AIMS: In @entity6 , @entity16 promotes macroangiopathy and endothelial regeneration is impaired, owing to reduced endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Given that insulin influences endothelial biology, we compared the effects of add-on basal insulin analogues on @entity16 and regeneration in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). METHODS: This was a 6-month randomized crossover trial comparing add-on insulin detemir versus glargine in poorly controlled @entity2175 with macroangiopathy. At baseline, crossover (3 months) and study end (6 months), we measured HbA1c, EPCs, circulating endothelial cells (CECs), @entity4725 , @entity2071 and @entity4105 . Body weight and hypoglycaemic episodes were also recorded. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 completed the study, randomly assigned to the glargine-detemir (n = 21) or the detemir-glargine (n = 21) schedule. At crossover, EPC levels did not change compared with baseline, but significantly increased at study end. CECs decreased over time and were significantly reduced at study end. @entity2071 , @entity4725 and @entity4105 were significantly reduced at crossover and further decreased at study end. No differences were seen in these effects between detemir and glargine. HbA1c showed a carryover effect and its reduction was similar with detemir and glargine in the first arm. Incidence of hypoglycaemia and @entity1017 was lower with detemir than with glargine in both arms. CONCLUSION: Optimized glycaemic control by add-on basal insulin improved indexes of @entity16 and regeneration. Compared to glargine, detemir achieved similar endothelial protection with lower @entity1017 and less hypoglycaemia. These results might have implications for therapy of aging @entity2175 @entity1 with @entity65 .

title: Optimized glycaemic control achieved with add-on basal insulin therapy improves indexes of @entity16 and regeneration in type 2 @entity6 XXXX with macroangiopathy: a randomized crossover trial comparing detemir versus glargine.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Astrocytes, which play an active role in chronic inflammatory diseases like @entity15 , exist close to mast cells with which they share perivascular localization. We previously demonstrated the possibility that astrocytes and mast cells interact in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the signaling pathways and the role for astrocytes in the interaction of astrocytes and mast cells. METHODS: We co-cultured @entity1 U87 @entity463 (U87) and @entity1 mast cell-1 (HMC-1) cell lines, and @entity19 cerebral cortices-derived astrocytes and @entity19 bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) was measured by confocal microscopy; @entity14636 siRNA by Silencer Express Kit; small GTPases by @entity3007 -pull down assay; PKCs, MAPKs, @entity14636 , @entity4458 , @entity34901 , @entity16279 , @entity3721 ( @entity3721 ) by Western blot; NF-kB and AP-1 by EMSA; cytokines by RT-PCR. An @entity56 ( @entity56 ) model was induced using @entity6504 ( @entity6504 ) peptide and pertussis toxin in @entity19 . Co-localization of @entity3721 and astrocytes in @entity56 brain tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Each astrocyte co-culture had increases in [ @entity141 ]i levels, release of cytokines and chemokines; activities of Rho-family GTPases, NF-kB/AP-1/STAT1727, and Jack1/2, STAT1701. These effects were inhibited by anti- @entity14636 antibody or @entity14636 siRNA, and signaling pathways for @entity34901 were inhibited by anti- @entity3721 antibody. @entity56 score, expression of @entity3721 , and co-localization of @entity3721 and astrocytes were enhanced in brain of the @entity56 model. Anti- @entity14636 antibody or @entity20821 pretreatment reduced these effects in @entity56 model. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that astrocytes activated by the @entity14636 - @entity4458 interaction in co-culture induce inflammatory cytokine production via small GTPases, and the secreted cytokines re-activate astrocytes via Jak/STAT1701 pathways, and then release more cytokines that contribute to exacerbating the development of @entity56 . These findings imply that the pro-inflammatory mediators produced by cell-to-cell cross-talk via interaction of @entity14636 - @entity4458 may be as a promising therapeutic target for @entity179 like @entity15 .

title: Signal pathways in astrocytes activated by cross-talk between of astrocytes and mast cells through XXXX - @entity4458 .

entities_list: @entity6504 :: ('17441(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MOG', 'myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['experimental allergic encephalomyelitis', 'EAE']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity14636 :: (21939(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD40']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Astrocytes, which play an active role in chronic inflammatory diseases like @entity15 , exist close to mast cells with which they share perivascular localization. We previously demonstrated the possibility that astrocytes and mast cells interact in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the signaling pathways and the role for astrocytes in the interaction of astrocytes and mast cells. METHODS: We co-cultured @entity1 U87 @entity463 (U87) and @entity1 mast cell-1 (HMC-1) cell lines, and @entity19 cerebral cortices-derived astrocytes and @entity19 bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) was measured by confocal microscopy; @entity14636 siRNA by Silencer Express Kit; small GTPases by @entity3007 -pull down assay; PKCs, MAPKs, @entity14636 , @entity4458 , @entity34901 , @entity16279 , @entity3721 ( @entity3721 ) by Western blot; NF-kB and AP-1 by EMSA; cytokines by RT-PCR. An @entity56 ( @entity56 ) model was induced using @entity6504 ( @entity6504 ) peptide and pertussis toxin in @entity19 . Co-localization of @entity3721 and astrocytes in @entity56 brain tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Each astrocyte co-culture had increases in [ @entity141 ]i levels, release of cytokines and chemokines; activities of Rho-family GTPases, NF-kB/AP-1/STAT1727, and Jack1/2, STAT1701. These effects were inhibited by anti- @entity14636 antibody or @entity14636 siRNA, and signaling pathways for @entity34901 were inhibited by anti- @entity3721 antibody. @entity56 score, expression of @entity3721 , and co-localization of @entity3721 and astrocytes were enhanced in brain of the @entity56 model. Anti- @entity14636 antibody or @entity20821 pretreatment reduced these effects in @entity56 model. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that astrocytes activated by the @entity14636 - @entity4458 interaction in co-culture induce inflammatory cytokine production via small GTPases, and the secreted cytokines re-activate astrocytes via Jak/STAT1701 pathways, and then release more cytokines that contribute to exacerbating the development of @entity56 . These findings imply that the pro-inflammatory mediators produced by cell-to-cell cross-talk via interaction of @entity14636 - @entity4458 may be as a promising therapeutic target for @entity179 like @entity15 .

title: Signal pathways in astrocytes activated by cross-talk between of astrocytes and mast cells through @entity14636 - XXXX .

answer: @entity4458 :: (21947(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD40L']


abstract: Intracellular studies reveal that, during @entity25 ( @entity25 ), the entire cortical network can swing rhythmically between extremely different microstates, ranging from wakefulness-like network activation to functional disconnection in the space of a few hundred milliseconds. This alternation of states also involves the thalamic neurons and is reflected in the EEG by a slow (<1 Hz) oscillation. These rhythmic changes, occurring in the thalamo-cortical circuits during @entity25 , may have relevant, phasic effects on the transmission and processing of sensory information. However, brain reactivity to sensory stimuli, during @entity25 , has traditionally been studied by means of sequential averaging, a procedure that necessarily masks any short-term fluctuation of responsiveness. The aim of this study was to provide a dynamic evaluation of brain reactivity to sensory stimuli in naturally sleeping @entity1 . To this aim, single-trial somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were grouped and averaged as a function of the phase of the ongoing @entity25 . This procedure revealed a dynamic profile of responsiveness, which was conditioned by the phase of the spontaneous sleep EEG. Overall, the amplitude of the evoked potential changed sistematically, increasing and approaching wakefulness levels along the negative slope of the EEG oscillation and decaying below @entity25 average levels along the positive drift. These marked and fast changes of stimulus-correlated electrical activity involved both short (N20) and long latency (P60 and P100) components of SEPs. In addition, the observed short-term response variability appeared to be centrally generated and specifically related to the evolution of the spontaneous oscillatory pattern. The present findings demonstrate that thalamo-cortical processing of sensory information is not stationary in the very short period (approximately 500 ms) during natural @entity25 .

title: EEG slow (approximately 1 Hz) waves are associated with nonstationarity of thalamo-cortical sensory processing in the sleeping XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow wave sleep', 'sleep slow (<1 Hz) oscillation', 'SWS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that sleep duration is associated with total mortality in a U-shaped fashion. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and carotid artery @entity731 in a Japanese population. METHODS: In 2009-2010, a total of 2498 @entity1 (1195 @entity1 , 1303 @entity1 ; age range, 23-92 years) were recruited from members of a Japanese community receiving annual health check-up at a local health center who agreed to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria were as follows: age <40 or >= 85 years; and more than one missing value from either laboratory data or questionnaire responses. A total of 2214 @entity1 were entered into the study. Carotid @entity4288 was evaluated ultrasonographically and quantified as @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ). The presence of carotid artery @entity731 was defined as @entity1004 >= 1.2 mm. Sleep durations were compared with @entity1004 measurements after controlling for confounding factors such as age, sex, lipid profile, fasting plasma @entity413 , hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, @entity167 intake, and smoking habit. RESULTS: Sleep duration >= 7 h correlated significantly with the incidence of @entity1004 >= 1.2 m when compared with a sleep duration of 6 h (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio, 1.263; 95% confidence interval, 1.031-1.546, P=0.024). Shorter sleep duration  <=5 h did not correlate significantly with the risk compared with a sleep duration of 6 h. CONCLUSION: Long sleep duration (>= 7 h) correlated significantly with the incidence of carotid artery @entity731 compared with a sleep duration of 6 h, but shorter sleep duration did not.

title: Sleep duration is significantly associated with carotid artery XXXX incidence in a Japanese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['intima-medial thickness', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['artery arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Early-age-at-onset @entity14 and microsatellite instability are characteristic features of @entity14 . Our aim was therefore to investigate whether these features might be useful markers in screening for @entity14 and mismatch repair gene mutations. METHODS: From 1,132 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity14 at our department between 1980 and 1999, we selected all @entity1 40 years of age or younger (study group, n = 59) and a subset of @entity1 40 years of age or older (control group, n = 60) who were matched for gender and pathologic TNM stage. @entity1 for whom a complete family @entity5 history or microsatellite status was unavailable were excluded from the study. @entity5 histories, retrieved from archival charts, were reassessed. Microsatellite status was investigated with the five microsatellites from the Bethesda recommended panel (BAT-26, BAT-25, D2S123, D5S346, and D17S250). On the basis of the number of altered microsatellites (> or = 2, 1, or 0), @entity5 were considered as having high or low instability or microsatellite stability, respectively. Mutation analysis for @entity6756 and @entity4311 genes was performed only in cases of high instability. DNA was investigated for mutations by single-strand conformational polymorphism and sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Data from 95 @entity1 (study group: n = 37, 18 males, mean age 35 years; control group: n = 58, 29 males, mean age 62 years) were available for analysis. Four @entity1 (study group, n = 3; control group, n = 1) fulfilled the Amsterdam II criteria for @entity14 . Of the 37 study group @entity5 , 12 (32.4 percent) showed @entity2198 instability, and 25 had microsatellite stability, whereas among the 58 control group @entity5 , 4 (7 percent) showed @entity2198 instability, and 54 had microsatellite stability (P < 0.002). Mismatch repair gene mutation analysis was performed in 12 cases (study group, n = 7; control group, n = 5). We found four mutations ( @entity4311 @entity72633 , @entity6756 ex9 @entity72634 , @entity4311 @entity72635 , and @entity6756 del0.8 Kb) in the study group @entity1 and none in the control group. Of four @entity14 @entity1 who underwent mismatch repair gene mutation analysis, one had a mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Early-age-at-onset @entity14 is significantly correlated with @entity2198 status and is a useful criterion to identify @entity14 @entity1 . Moreover, when used in association with @entity2198 instability status, it is effective in selecting @entity1 for mismatch repair gene mutation analysis.

title: Early-age-at-onset XXXX and microsatellite instability as markers of @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['high-frequency microsatellite instability tumor', 'high-frequency microsatellite']

entities_list: @entity72635 :: ('p|SUB|Q|239|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gln239Stop']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Family cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Early-age-at-onset @entity14 and microsatellite instability are characteristic features of @entity14 . Our aim was therefore to investigate whether these features might be useful markers in screening for @entity14 and mismatch repair gene mutations. METHODS: From 1,132 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity14 at our department between 1980 and 1999, we selected all @entity1 40 years of age or younger (study group, n = 59) and a subset of @entity1 40 years of age or older (control group, n = 60) who were matched for gender and pathologic TNM stage. @entity1 for whom a complete family @entity5 history or microsatellite status was unavailable were excluded from the study. @entity5 histories, retrieved from archival charts, were reassessed. Microsatellite status was investigated with the five microsatellites from the Bethesda recommended panel (BAT-26, BAT-25, D2S123, D5S346, and D17S250). On the basis of the number of altered microsatellites (> or = 2, 1, or 0), @entity5 were considered as having high or low instability or microsatellite stability, respectively. Mutation analysis for @entity6756 and @entity4311 genes was performed only in cases of high instability. DNA was investigated for mutations by single-strand conformational polymorphism and sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Data from 95 @entity1 (study group: n = 37, 18 males, mean age 35 years; control group: n = 58, 29 males, mean age 62 years) were available for analysis. Four @entity1 (study group, n = 3; control group, n = 1) fulfilled the Amsterdam II criteria for @entity14 . Of the 37 study group @entity5 , 12 (32.4 percent) showed @entity2198 instability, and 25 had microsatellite stability, whereas among the 58 control group @entity5 , 4 (7 percent) showed @entity2198 instability, and 54 had microsatellite stability (P < 0.002). Mismatch repair gene mutation analysis was performed in 12 cases (study group, n = 7; control group, n = 5). We found four mutations ( @entity4311 @entity72633 , @entity6756 ex9 @entity72634 , @entity4311 @entity72635 , and @entity6756 del0.8 Kb) in the study group @entity1 and none in the control group. Of four @entity14 @entity1 who underwent mismatch repair gene mutation analysis, one had a mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Early-age-at-onset @entity14 is significantly correlated with @entity2198 status and is a useful criterion to identify @entity14 @entity1 . Moreover, when used in association with @entity2198 instability status, it is effective in selecting @entity1 for mismatch repair gene mutation analysis.

title: Early-age-at-onset @entity14 and microsatellite instability as markers of XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed cellular innate and adaptive immune responses in a @entity35 heterotopic tracheal allograft model during the development of obliterative @entity1030 . METHODS: Syngeneic tracheal grafts were transplanted heterotopically from DA to DA @entity35 and fully MHC-mismatched allografts from DA to WF @entity35 . The recipients received either no immunosuppression or two different doses of @entity205 and were euthanized at 3, 10 and 30 days. Non-transplanted DA tracheas served as controls. Histologic, immunohistochemical and real-time RT-PCR analyses were performed. RESULTS: The syngrafts had normal epithelium at 10 days and no @entity432 was seen at 30 days. In non-immunosuppressed allografts, almost total loss of epithelium was observed at 10 days, culminating in @entity432 at 30 days. The activation of innate immune response was observed during the ischemic period at 3 days in both groups. Influx of the infiltrating inflammatory cells was more prominent in the allografts. In syngrafts, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory, but also tolerogenic, cytokines was significantly upregulated, whereas Th1 and Th17 priming factors were significantly downregulated. In allografts, prominent mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was seen and adaptive Th1 and Th17 alloresponses were increased. @entity205 treatment reduced @entity432 and inhibited both tolerogenic and pro-inflammatory T-cell responses in allografts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity63 induced a self-limiting, alloantigen-independent innate immune response in syngrafts. In allografts, the predominant pro-inflammatory milieu and @entity22140 -dependent Th1 and Th17 responses were linked to the development of obliterative @entity1030 and were inhibited by @entity205 treatment.

title: Innate and adaptive immune responses in obliterative XXXX in @entity35 tracheal allografts.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity22140 :: ('MESH:D007519', 'Chemical') :: ['alloantigen']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['airway disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed cellular innate and adaptive immune responses in a @entity35 heterotopic tracheal allograft model during the development of obliterative @entity1030 . METHODS: Syngeneic tracheal grafts were transplanted heterotopically from DA to DA @entity35 and fully MHC-mismatched allografts from DA to WF @entity35 . The recipients received either no immunosuppression or two different doses of @entity205 and were euthanized at 3, 10 and 30 days. Non-transplanted DA tracheas served as controls. Histologic, immunohistochemical and real-time RT-PCR analyses were performed. RESULTS: The syngrafts had normal epithelium at 10 days and no @entity432 was seen at 30 days. In non-immunosuppressed allografts, almost total loss of epithelium was observed at 10 days, culminating in @entity432 at 30 days. The activation of innate immune response was observed during the ischemic period at 3 days in both groups. Influx of the infiltrating inflammatory cells was more prominent in the allografts. In syngrafts, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory, but also tolerogenic, cytokines was significantly upregulated, whereas Th1 and Th17 priming factors were significantly downregulated. In allografts, prominent mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was seen and adaptive Th1 and Th17 alloresponses were increased. @entity205 treatment reduced @entity432 and inhibited both tolerogenic and pro-inflammatory T-cell responses in allografts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity63 induced a self-limiting, alloantigen-independent innate immune response in syngrafts. In allografts, the predominant pro-inflammatory milieu and @entity22140 -dependent Th1 and Th17 responses were linked to the development of obliterative @entity1030 and were inhibited by @entity205 treatment.

title: Innate and adaptive immune responses in obliterative @entity1030 in XXXX tracheal allografts.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity8 is a minimally invasive alternative to the surgical treatment of certain @entity8 . The authors aimed to determine the safety of the procedure with respect to renal function and blood pressure control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of the charts of @entity1 who underwent therapeutic renal @entity1416 between January 1998 and December 2007. Indications for therapeutic renal artery embolizations included either treatment or prevention of @entity548 . Exclusion criteria were total/ partial nephrectomy or dialysis prior to @entity8 and lack of appropriate follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 115 procedures were reviewed, and 41 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 63    18.87 years. Median follow-up was 13.0 months. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the study population changed from 55.2 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) at baseline to 56.63 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) at last available follow up (P = .67). At baseline, 22 @entity1 (53.7%) in this study group were @entity101 . Postprocedure, 9 @entity1 required either the initiation of antihypertensive therapy or additional antihypertensive agents. Preexisting @entity8 (GFR < 30 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)) at baseline did not appear to influence these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 appears to be a safe procedure with respect to renal function. However, these @entity1 should have close surveillance of their blood pressures to detect either the onset of @entity101 or worsening of preexisting @entity101 .

title: Long-term follow-up of renal function and blood pressure after selective renal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal arterial embolization', 'renal dysfunction', 'renal diseases', 'renal artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['renal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['arterial embolization']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies identified limited @entity717 several years after diaphyseal @entity174 of both the radius and ulna, although the relationship between @entity717 was inconsistent. This investigation studied skeletally mature and immature @entity1 more than ten years after injury and addressed the hypotheses that (1) objective measurements of impairment correlate with disability, (2) @entity308 and misinterpretation of nociception correlate with disability, and (3) @entity1 injured when skeletally mature or immature have comparable @entity717 . METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 with diaphyseal @entity174 of the radius and ulna were evaluated at an average of twenty-one years after injury. Twenty-five of the thirty-five @entity1 who were skeletally immature at the time of injury were treated nonoperatively, and thirty-one of the thirty-six skeletally mature @entity1 were treated operatively. Objective evaluation included radiographs, functional assessment, and grip strength. Validated questionnaires were used to measure arm-specific disability (the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH] score), misinterpretation of @entity158 ( @entity158 Catastrophizing Scale [PCS]), and @entity308 (the validated Dutch form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies- @entity308 scale [CES-D]). RESULTS: The average DASH score was 8 points (range, 0 to 54); 97% of @entity1 had excellent or satisfactory results according to the criteria of Anderson et al., and 72% reported no @entity158 . Both the @entity717 and the wrist flexion/extension arc was 91% of that seen on the uninjured side; grip strength was 94%. There were small but significant differences in rotation (151   versus 169  , p = 0.004) and wrist flexion-extension (123   versus 142  , p = 0.002) compared with the results in the uninjured arm. There was no difference in disability between @entity1 who were skeletally mature or immature at the time of injury. @entity158 , @entity158 catastrophizing (misinterpretation of nociception), and grip strength were the most important predictors of disability. CONCLUSIONS: An average of twenty-one years after sustaining diaphyseal @entity174 of both the radius and the ulna, @entity1 who were skeletally immature or mature at the time of @entity174 have comparable disability. Disability correlates better with subjective and psychosocial aspects of illness, such as @entity158 and @entity158 catastrophizing, than with objective measurements of impairment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Long-term outcomes of XXXX of both bones of the forearm.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['forearm rotation', 'impairment and disability']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the functional and radiographic results of cementless, modular total hip arthroplasty combined with subtrochanteric osteotomy for the treatment of @entity1 who had had Crowe Group-IV @entity572 as a @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 (thirty-three @entity572 ) who had previously had Crowe Group-IV @entity572 were treated with a modular cementless prosthesis at a mean age of sixty years. The mean follow-up period was eight years (range, five to eleven years). The acetabular cup was placed in the position of the anatomical hip center in every @entity1 . Subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy was performed with use of a step-cut design. RESULTS: The mean Merle d'Aubign   and Postel hip score improved from 9 to 16 points (out of a maximum of 18 points). The mean limb-length discrepancy in seventeen @entity1 with unilateral involvement was reduced from 5.1 cm (range, 3.7 to 6.5 cm) to 2.8 cm (range, 1.4 to 4.6 cm). Two @entity1 had a positive Trendelenburg sign, and three had a slight limp at the time of the latest follow-up. No cases of nonunion or nerve @entity912 were encountered. @entity86 occurred in two @entity572 . One hip showed progressive radiolucent lines around the proximal femoral sleeve within two years after the surgery, and this was followed by progressive stem subsidence. Only one femoral stem was revised. CONCLUSIONS: Cementless, modular total hip arthroplasty combined with subtrochanteric osteotomy for the treatment of @entity1 with prior Crowe Group-IV @entity572 resulted in satisfactory outcomes. Hips with poor bone quality and a developmentally short femoral neck present technical challenges with regard to achieving sufficient rotatory stability, following osteotomy, for osseointegration of the modular implants. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Cementless modular total hip arthroplasty with subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy for XXXX with developmental dysplasia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative dislocations']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hips', 'developmental dysplasia of the hip']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hips']


abstract: In 1983 and 1984 the effect of a deworming scheme, in which @entity1641 were treated at turn out and 4 and 8 weeks later, on the egg output, larval differentiation, @entity1017 , herbage @entity277 and in 1984, the percentages of some serum proteins were tested. In 1983 the experiment was done with 42 mares, 54 two year old male @entity1641 and 42 male yearlings, kept in groups with permanent or rotational grazing. In 1984 only 90 male yearlings were investigated. In 1983 @entity3753 and @entity3070 were used, 1984 @entity3070 . The results of the faecal examinations showed that after @entity3070 treatment the number of eggs per gram faeces (EPG) remained zero or very low for a longer time. In 1983 an increase was seen during August. In 1984 the increase was observed at the end of August/beginning of September. Treatment with @entity3753 gave a less efficient suppression of egg output, resulting in a sharp EPG-increase at the end of July/beginning of August. After first treatment either with @entity3070 or @entity3753 , no larvae of great Strongyles were seen. The results of the herbage @entity277 on the paddocks were according to the EPGs of the @entity1641 that grazed the paddocks some time earlier. @entity277 was highest in late summer and autumn, lowest in early and mid summer. No significant differences in @entity1017 were observed between the groups. The percentage of beta 1 + 2-globulin was highest at turn out. After first treatment it decreased, but remained stable thereafter during the season, irrespective of the reinfection in autumn. Post-mortem results of four tracers in 1984 varied from ca. 275,000-2,000,000 small Strongyles. The conclusion was drawn that under the present conditions the system was not satisfactory to prevent a reasonable @entity5294 in late summer/autumn. The following advice was given: treatment of @entity1641 at least 48 hours before turn out, deworming each four weeks up till July, treatment in September and in November (also against Gasterophilus).

title: [Testing of a deworming scheme for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['Infestation', 'infestation']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity5294 :: ('MESH:D004320', 'Disease') :: ['worm infestation']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ) is the second most common @entity5 worldwide in the peri and postmenopausal period. Most often for the endometrioid variety. In early clinical stages long-term survival is greater than 80%, while in advanced stages it is less than 50%. In our country there is not a standard management between institutions. GICOM collaborative group under the auspice of different institutions have made the following consensus in order to make recommendations for the management of @entity1 with this type of @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The following recommendations were made by independent professionals in the field of Gynecologic Oncology, questions and statements were based on a comprehensive and systematic review of literature. It took place in the context of a meeting of four days in which a debate was held. These statements are the conclusions reached by agreement of the @entity1 members. RESULTS: Screening should be performed @entity1 at high risk ( @entity6 , family history of inherited @entity694 , Lynch S. type II). Endometrial thickness in postmenopausal @entity1 is best evaluated by transvaginal US, a thickness greater than or equal to 5 mm must be evaluated. @entity1 taking @entity440 should be monitored using this method. @entity548 in the usual main symptom, all post menopausal @entity1 with @entity3556 should be evaluated. Diagnosis is made by histerescopy-guided biopsy. Magnetic resonance is the best image method as preoperative evaluation. Frozen section evaluates histologic grade, @entity3 , cervical and adnexal involvement. Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy should be performed except in endometrial histology grades 1 and 2, less than 50% invasion of the myometrium without evidence of disease out of the uterus. Omentectomy should be done in histologies other than endometriod. Surgery should be always performed by a Gynecologic Oncologist or Surgical Oncologist, laparoscopy is an alternative, especially in @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity6 for being less morbid. Adjuvant treatment after surgery includes radiation therapy to the pelvis, brachytherapy, and chemotherapy. @entity1 with Stages III and IV should have surgery with intention to achieve optimal cytoreduction because of the impact on survival (51 m vs. 14 m), the treatment of recurrence can be with surgery depending on the pattern of relapse, systemic chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. Follow-up of @entity1 is basically clinical in a regular basis. CONCLUSIONS: Screening programme is only for high risk @entity1 . Multidisciplinary treatment impacts on survival and local control of the disease, including surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, hormonal treatment is reserved to selected cases of recurrence. This is the first attempt of a Mexican Collaborative Group in Gynecology to give recommendations is a special type of @entity5 .

title: [The first Mexican consensus of XXXX . Grupo de Investigaci  n en C  ncer de Ovario y Tumores Ginecol  gicos de M  xico].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrial cancer', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic malignancy', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']