abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that priming with @entity2898 would prevent @entity2003 and difficult ventilation due to @entity1937 administration. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 , American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I or II, were recruited into the study, and randomly allocated to one of four protocols (n = 25 each). @entity1937 was administered at 0.2 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in group A and at 0.7 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in groups B, C, and D. Priming with @entity3369 (0.02 mg.kg(-1)) or @entity2898 (0.06 mg.kg(-1)) was performed at the same time as the infusion of @entity1937 in groups C and D, respectively. Anesthesia was induced with 1 mg.kg(-1) @entity1875 2 min after the start of @entity1937 infusion. After the @entity1 had lost consciousness, the anesthesiologist performed mask ventilation, and watched for the presence of @entity2003 . Ventilation and @entity2003 were evaluated using a scoring system. RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity1 , 9 were excluded; the number of @entity1 in group A was 24, while groups B and D had 22 @entity1 each, and group C had 23 @entity1 . A lower dose of @entity1937 (group A) or priming with @entity3369 or @entity2898 (groups C, D) significantly reduced the incidence of some difficulty with ventilation (P = 0.0010, P = 0.0053, and P = 0.021, respectively, vs group B). Of the @entity1 in group B, 10 (45.5%) developed some difficulty with ventilation, and ventilation was impossible in 2 of them. On the other hand, 1 (4.1%) of the @entity1 in group A, 2 (8.7%) in group C, and 3 (13.6%) in group D developed some difficulty with ventilation. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that priming with @entity2898 or @entity3369 reduced the incidence of difficult ventilation by avoiding the @entity2003 caused by @entity1937 .

title: Priming with XXXX or @entity3369 prevents @entity1937 -mediated @entity2003 and difficult ventilation.

answer: @entity2898 :: (MESH:C061870,Chemical) :: ['rocuronium']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that priming with @entity2898 would prevent @entity2003 and difficult ventilation due to @entity1937 administration. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 , American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I or II, were recruited into the study, and randomly allocated to one of four protocols (n = 25 each). @entity1937 was administered at 0.2 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in group A and at 0.7 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in groups B, C, and D. Priming with @entity3369 (0.02 mg.kg(-1)) or @entity2898 (0.06 mg.kg(-1)) was performed at the same time as the infusion of @entity1937 in groups C and D, respectively. Anesthesia was induced with 1 mg.kg(-1) @entity1875 2 min after the start of @entity1937 infusion. After the @entity1 had lost consciousness, the anesthesiologist performed mask ventilation, and watched for the presence of @entity2003 . Ventilation and @entity2003 were evaluated using a scoring system. RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity1 , 9 were excluded; the number of @entity1 in group A was 24, while groups B and D had 22 @entity1 each, and group C had 23 @entity1 . A lower dose of @entity1937 (group A) or priming with @entity3369 or @entity2898 (groups C, D) significantly reduced the incidence of some difficulty with ventilation (P = 0.0010, P = 0.0053, and P = 0.021, respectively, vs group B). Of the @entity1 in group B, 10 (45.5%) developed some difficulty with ventilation, and ventilation was impossible in 2 of them. On the other hand, 1 (4.1%) of the @entity1 in group A, 2 (8.7%) in group C, and 3 (13.6%) in group D developed some difficulty with ventilation. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that priming with @entity2898 or @entity3369 reduced the incidence of difficult ventilation by avoiding the @entity2003 caused by @entity1937 .

title: Priming with @entity2898 or @entity3369 prevents XXXX -mediated @entity2003 and difficult ventilation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['muscle rigidity', 'rigidity']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil', 'Remifentanil']

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['remifentanil']


abstract: A 65-year-old @entity1 presented with recurrent generalized @entity111 and excoriations of many years' duration. He had been treated with antihistamines, topical corticosteroids, and antibiotics for secondary wound infections, but improvement was only temporary. He had also been hospitalized for leg @entity1066 complicated by @entity2688 . Examination revealed multiple oval and linear red papules and nodules measuring 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter. Some of the lesions were eroded and had a central crater and yellowish crust. The @entity1 also had @entity4182 localized to the posterior scalp, neck, upper back, chest, abdomen, arms, and legs with sparing of the middle and lower back (figures 1 and 2). An @entity1066 measuring 1.5 x 2 cm that was surrounded by indurated skin was present on the medial aspect of his right ankle. The @entity1066 was partially covered by yellow exudate. There was no evidence of @entity2688 . Liver enzyme, serum @entity1011 , and @entity7287 levels, as well as a chest roentgenogram, were normal. Wound cultures for bacteria and fungi were nonsignificant. A punch biopsy from a representative lesion showed an abrupt epidermal defect with sparse superficial lymphocytic infiltrate in the dermis. The @entity1 was admitted to the hospital to isolate him from his home environment. He received a 10-day course of systemic cephalexin, topical @entity6914 ointment for the affected skin areas, and oral @entity5774 for @entity111 . Ultraviolet light therapy was instituted once daily and was to continue for 2 months. His lesions had improved moderately by the time he was discharged from the hospital. On follow-up 2 weeks later, his lesions were flat and had resulted in @entity4182 . Three months later, however, he had persistent, intense @entity111 , and new excoriations had developed on his forearms and back. He improved after receiving treatment with oral @entity11886 .

title: Generalized XXXX without primary lesions. Differential diagnosis and approach to treatment.

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmented scars', 'hypopigmented linear scars']

entities_list: @entity11886 :: ('MESH:D004316', 'Chemical') :: ['doxepin hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity5774 :: ('MESH:D006919', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyzine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity6914 :: ('MESH:D002990', 'Chemical') :: ['clobetasol propionate']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity111 :: (MESH:D011537,Disease) :: ['pruritus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe secondary failure of initial @entity2449 therapy in @entity1 who achieved initial HbA(1c) ( @entity3916 ) <8% and to identify predictors of failure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We identified 1,288 @entity1 who achieved @entity3916 <8% within 1 year of initiating @entity2449 as their first-ever antihyperglycemic drug. Subjects were followed until they added/switched antihyperglycemics, they terminated health plan membership, or 31 December 2004. We defined secondary failure using two separate but overlapping approaches: 1) addition/switch to another antihyperglycemic drug or 2) first @entity3916 measurement >8.0% after at least 6 months on @entity2449 . RESULTS: The best @entity3916 achieved within 1 year of @entity2449 initiation was the most powerful predictor of avoiding secondary failure. Approximately 50% of subjects whose best @entity3916 was 7-7.9% added/switched antihyperglycemic drugs within 36 months, whereas it took >60 months for those in the 6-6.9% @entity3916 category to reach a 50% failure rate. Those who achieved an @entity3916 <6% did not reach a 50% rate of adding/switching drugs until 84 months. For the alternative secondary failure outcome, about half of those whose best @entity3916 was 7.0-7.9% reached an @entity3916 >8% within 24 months. Only approximately 25% of subjects in the 6-6.9% category failed by 48 months, and >80% of subjects in the <6% category remained below 8% through 60 months. CONCLUSIONS: Whether defined by adding/switching to another drug or by reaching an @entity3916 of 8%, secondary failure is inversely associated with the reduction of @entity3916 achieved within the 1st year of @entity2449 monotherapy.

title: Treatment escalation and rise in HbA1c following successful initial XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity10064 (PCG) is a severe form of @entity726 that presents early in life. PCG is a clinical and genetic entity that is distinct from juvenile forms of @entity726 . Inheritance is usually autosomal recessive and therefore the disease might be more common in societies where consanguinity is high. We studied the prevalence of @entity71993 ( @entity4188 ) and @entity29713 ( @entity29713 ) mutations in a group of Saudi PCG @entity1 and attempted to correlate the mutation status with the disease severity. METHODS: Genomic DNA was collected from 54 unrelated Saudi PCG families (74 @entity1 ) who were diagnosed as having PCG by standard ophthalmological examinations and screened for mutations in @entity4188 and @entity29713 by sequencing. We also examined the effect of mutations on the phenotype of @entity1 with PCG (phenotype-genotype correlation). RESULTS: Mutations in @entity4188 were identified in 41 (75.9%) of affected @entity1 . No mutation in @entity4188 was found in 13 (24.1%) affected @entity1 . We detected a total of 13 mutations: 9 missense mutations ( @entity16183 , @entity71994 , @entity16191 , @entity71995 , @entity71996 , @entity71997 , @entity71998 , @entity71999 , and @entity72000 ), 2 deletions ( @entity72001 and @entity72002 ), and 2 nonsense mutations ( @entity72003 and @entity49968 ). Two mutations, @entity71998 and @entity71996 , were novel. The @entity16183 mutation was by far the most common mutation detected. PCG cases with @entity4188 mutation(s) presented with a high degree of haze and greater cup/disc ratio than those with no mutation(s). Also, PCG cases with a mutation had higher post operative indices in terms of post operative haze and the need for anti- @entity726 medications. Additionally, the surgical success rate was higher 13/14 (92.9%) among cases without mutation than those with mutation 42/60 (70%). No mutation(s) were found in @entity29713 in any of the tested @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4188 mutations are the predominant cause of PCG in the Saudi Arabian population with @entity16183 as the dominant disease-associated allele. PCG cases with a mutation had higher last postoperative visit indices in terms of postoperative haze and the need for anti- @entity726 medications. This will be a valuable parameter in predicting disease severity earlier on and might help in predicting the surgical outcome.

title: Screening of @entity4188 and XXXX genes in Saudi families with primary @entity10064 : genotype-phenotype correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16183 :: ('p|SUB|G|61|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G61E']

entities_list: @entity29713 :: ('4053', 'Gene') :: ['LTBP2', 'latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 2']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity71993 :: ('1545;4051', 'Gene') :: ['cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma']

answer: @entity29713 :: (4053,Gene) :: ['LTBP2']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity10064 (PCG) is a severe form of @entity726 that presents early in life. PCG is a clinical and genetic entity that is distinct from juvenile forms of @entity726 . Inheritance is usually autosomal recessive and therefore the disease might be more common in societies where consanguinity is high. We studied the prevalence of @entity71993 ( @entity4188 ) and @entity29713 ( @entity29713 ) mutations in a group of Saudi PCG @entity1 and attempted to correlate the mutation status with the disease severity. METHODS: Genomic DNA was collected from 54 unrelated Saudi PCG families (74 @entity1 ) who were diagnosed as having PCG by standard ophthalmological examinations and screened for mutations in @entity4188 and @entity29713 by sequencing. We also examined the effect of mutations on the phenotype of @entity1 with PCG (phenotype-genotype correlation). RESULTS: Mutations in @entity4188 were identified in 41 (75.9%) of affected @entity1 . No mutation in @entity4188 was found in 13 (24.1%) affected @entity1 . We detected a total of 13 mutations: 9 missense mutations ( @entity16183 , @entity71994 , @entity16191 , @entity71995 , @entity71996 , @entity71997 , @entity71998 , @entity71999 , and @entity72000 ), 2 deletions ( @entity72001 and @entity72002 ), and 2 nonsense mutations ( @entity72003 and @entity49968 ). Two mutations, @entity71998 and @entity71996 , were novel. The @entity16183 mutation was by far the most common mutation detected. PCG cases with @entity4188 mutation(s) presented with a high degree of haze and greater cup/disc ratio than those with no mutation(s). Also, PCG cases with a mutation had higher post operative indices in terms of post operative haze and the need for anti- @entity726 medications. Additionally, the surgical success rate was higher 13/14 (92.9%) among cases without mutation than those with mutation 42/60 (70%). No mutation(s) were found in @entity29713 in any of the tested @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4188 mutations are the predominant cause of PCG in the Saudi Arabian population with @entity16183 as the dominant disease-associated allele. PCG cases with a mutation had higher last postoperative visit indices in terms of postoperative haze and the need for anti- @entity726 medications. This will be a valuable parameter in predicting disease severity earlier on and might help in predicting the surgical outcome.

title: Screening of XXXX and @entity29713 genes in Saudi families with primary @entity10064 : genotype-phenotype correlation.

answer: @entity4188 :: (1545,Gene) :: ['CYP1B1']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity10064 (PCG) is a severe form of @entity726 that presents early in life. PCG is a clinical and genetic entity that is distinct from juvenile forms of @entity726 . Inheritance is usually autosomal recessive and therefore the disease might be more common in societies where consanguinity is high. We studied the prevalence of @entity71993 ( @entity4188 ) and @entity29713 ( @entity29713 ) mutations in a group of Saudi PCG @entity1 and attempted to correlate the mutation status with the disease severity. METHODS: Genomic DNA was collected from 54 unrelated Saudi PCG families (74 @entity1 ) who were diagnosed as having PCG by standard ophthalmological examinations and screened for mutations in @entity4188 and @entity29713 by sequencing. We also examined the effect of mutations on the phenotype of @entity1 with PCG (phenotype-genotype correlation). RESULTS: Mutations in @entity4188 were identified in 41 (75.9%) of affected @entity1 . No mutation in @entity4188 was found in 13 (24.1%) affected @entity1 . We detected a total of 13 mutations: 9 missense mutations ( @entity16183 , @entity71994 , @entity16191 , @entity71995 , @entity71996 , @entity71997 , @entity71998 , @entity71999 , and @entity72000 ), 2 deletions ( @entity72001 and @entity72002 ), and 2 nonsense mutations ( @entity72003 and @entity49968 ). Two mutations, @entity71998 and @entity71996 , were novel. The @entity16183 mutation was by far the most common mutation detected. PCG cases with @entity4188 mutation(s) presented with a high degree of haze and greater cup/disc ratio than those with no mutation(s). Also, PCG cases with a mutation had higher post operative indices in terms of post operative haze and the need for anti- @entity726 medications. Additionally, the surgical success rate was higher 13/14 (92.9%) among cases without mutation than those with mutation 42/60 (70%). No mutation(s) were found in @entity29713 in any of the tested @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4188 mutations are the predominant cause of PCG in the Saudi Arabian population with @entity16183 as the dominant disease-associated allele. PCG cases with a mutation had higher last postoperative visit indices in terms of postoperative haze and the need for anti- @entity726 medications. This will be a valuable parameter in predicting disease severity earlier on and might help in predicting the surgical outcome.

title: Screening of @entity4188 and @entity29713 genes in Saudi families with primary XXXX : genotype-phenotype correlation.

answer: @entity10064 :: (MESH:C565547,Disease) :: ['congenital glaucoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound diagnostics enable the prenatal diagnosis of extensive @entity600 . The diagnosis is made prenatally or directly after birth in 50-60% of the cases, in about 80% of the afflicted in the first year of life and up to 90% of the cases in the second year of life. PRENATAL DIAGNOSTICS AND POSSIBILITIES OF PRE- AND PERINATAL INTERVENTIONS: The so called @entity3609 is a primary symptom, which is detected during the routine ultrasound examination. @entity600 , which are diagnosed antenatally are often associated with @entity2008 . The EXIT procedure allows invasive therapeutic or diagnostic interventions. Hereby the airway safety of Newborns with extended cervical or zerviko-facial @entity2696 can be warranted. The survival chance and the prognosis may be significantly improved. MANIFESTATION AND ENT-CLINICS: 72 @entity1 (mean age 12.3 yrs) with @entity600 of the Head and Neck presented for the first time during a 5-years period until 31.12.2008 at the Department of Otolaryngology of the University of Marburg. Therapeutic interventions consisted in conventional surgery, laser assisted therapy, sclerosing therapy or a combined therapeutic approach. CONCLUSION: @entity17461 of the Head and Neck challenge treating physicians and affected families. Advancements of prenatal diagnostics and opportunities of peri- and postnatal interventions contribute to an improved survival chance and prognosis. Intensive interdisciplinary cooperation in specialised centers is of outstanding importance for an optimal care of these @entity1 .

title: [Therapy for prenatally diagnosed XXXX --multimodal procedure and interdisciplinary challenge].

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['hygroma colli']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic malformations', 'Lymphatic malformations']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangiomas']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity17461 :: ('MESH:D044148', 'Disease') :: ['Extensive lymphatic malformations']

answer: @entity2696 :: (MESH:D008202,Disease) :: ['lymphangioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether whole-body reaching (WBR) could be a task with adequate and gradable dynamic balance challenges for @entity64 @entity1 . DESIGN: A total of 23 subjects with @entity1158 , after their first @entity64 , participated in this study. The degree of dynamic balance challenges of WBR was graded by varying the distance to the targets that the subjects had to reach. A foot-pressure measurement system was used to measure the amount of center-of-pressure shift during performance of WBR and sit-to-stand transfer. The @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) was administered, and the @entity2653 total score was calculated. Static and dynamic @entity2653 subscores were separately calculated to further understanding of the subject performance regarding balance. Paired t tests were used to examine the effects of target distance on center-of-pressure shift. Correlations between measures of center-of-pressure shift during performance of WBR and of sit-to-stand transfer, @entity2653 total score, @entity2653 static subscores, and @entity2653 dynamic subscores and measures of center-of-pressure shift during performance of sit-to-stand transfer were analyzed. RESULTS: Significant effects of distance on three of the variables representing amount of center-of-pressure shift were found (P < 0.05). The correlations between WBR and sit-to-stand transfer were positive and moderate. The correlations between WBR and sit-to-stand transfer were stronger when the subjects were reaching for a closer target than when reaching for a farther target. The correlations between WBR and @entity2653 total score were weak to moderate; the correlations between WBR and three scores of the @entity2653 across target distance were inconsistent; and the correlations were higher when the subjects were reaching for a farther target than when reaching for a closer target. CONCLUSIONS: WBR for targets at different distances imposed graded dynamic balance challenges on @entity64 @entity1 and might be an appropriate dynamic balance measure. However, WBR, as applied in this study, showed limitations in measuring the lateral dynamic stability of @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Whole-body reaching as a measure of dynamic balance in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['BBS', 'Berg Balance Scale']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether whole-body reaching (WBR) could be a task with adequate and gradable dynamic balance challenges for @entity64 @entity1 . DESIGN: A total of 23 subjects with @entity1158 , after their first @entity64 , participated in this study. The degree of dynamic balance challenges of WBR was graded by varying the distance to the targets that the subjects had to reach. A foot-pressure measurement system was used to measure the amount of center-of-pressure shift during performance of WBR and sit-to-stand transfer. The @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) was administered, and the @entity2653 total score was calculated. Static and dynamic @entity2653 subscores were separately calculated to further understanding of the subject performance regarding balance. Paired t tests were used to examine the effects of target distance on center-of-pressure shift. Correlations between measures of center-of-pressure shift during performance of WBR and of sit-to-stand transfer, @entity2653 total score, @entity2653 static subscores, and @entity2653 dynamic subscores and measures of center-of-pressure shift during performance of sit-to-stand transfer were analyzed. RESULTS: Significant effects of distance on three of the variables representing amount of center-of-pressure shift were found (P < 0.05). The correlations between WBR and sit-to-stand transfer were positive and moderate. The correlations between WBR and sit-to-stand transfer were stronger when the subjects were reaching for a closer target than when reaching for a farther target. The correlations between WBR and @entity2653 total score were weak to moderate; the correlations between WBR and three scores of the @entity2653 across target distance were inconsistent; and the correlations were higher when the subjects were reaching for a farther target than when reaching for a closer target. CONCLUSIONS: WBR for targets at different distances imposed graded dynamic balance challenges on @entity64 @entity1 and might be an appropriate dynamic balance measure. However, WBR, as applied in this study, showed limitations in measuring the lateral dynamic stability of @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Whole-body reaching as a measure of dynamic balance in XXXX with @entity64 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) and severe @entity1850 ( @entity1850 with @entity881 ) occurring after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are common causes of morbidity and mortality among cardiac surgical @entity1 . These syndromes are often preceded by a profound vasodilation, characterized by @entity7441 occurring during surgery. Many substances have been implicated in their pathophysiology. @entity859 is a strong endogenous vasodilating agent released by endothelial cells and myocytes under metabolic stress and may be involved in blood pressure failure during CPB induced by severe @entity1850 . DESIGN: A prospective comparative observational study. SETTING: The operating room and intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. @entity1 : @entity859 plasma levels (mean+/-sd; APLs) were measured before (baseline), during, and immediately after surgery in 35 @entity1 who underwent aortic valve replacement involving CPB. APLs were correlated to operative and postoperative clinical courses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: APLs were significantly higher in seven @entity1 with @entity7441 and postoperative severe @entity1850 (1.6 micromol.L [0.2-2.6] vs. 0.4 micromol.L [0.1-1.0]) at baseline and during surgery. The duration of mechanical ventilation and stay in the intensive care unit were significantly longer for @entity1 with higher APLs. Mean arterial pressure was inversely correlated with mean arterial APLs (Pearson's correlation coefficient: R=-0.66; p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: High APLs were found in @entity1 with operative @entity7441 and postoperative severe @entity1850 occurring after cardiopulmonary bypass. This suggests that @entity859 release is involved in @entity7441 that occurs during the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between cytokine production and @entity859 release in severe @entity1850 following cardiac surgery.

title: Role of endogenous @entity859 as a predictive marker of XXXX during cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative severe systemic inflammatory response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['SIRS', 'Systemic inflammatory response']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['vasoplegia']

answer: @entity7441 :: (MESH:D056987,Disease) :: ['vasoplegia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) and severe @entity1850 ( @entity1850 with @entity881 ) occurring after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are common causes of morbidity and mortality among cardiac surgical @entity1 . These syndromes are often preceded by a profound vasodilation, characterized by @entity7441 occurring during surgery. Many substances have been implicated in their pathophysiology. @entity859 is a strong endogenous vasodilating agent released by endothelial cells and myocytes under metabolic stress and may be involved in blood pressure failure during CPB induced by severe @entity1850 . DESIGN: A prospective comparative observational study. SETTING: The operating room and intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. @entity1 : @entity859 plasma levels (mean+/-sd; APLs) were measured before (baseline), during, and immediately after surgery in 35 @entity1 who underwent aortic valve replacement involving CPB. APLs were correlated to operative and postoperative clinical courses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: APLs were significantly higher in seven @entity1 with @entity7441 and postoperative severe @entity1850 (1.6 micromol.L [0.2-2.6] vs. 0.4 micromol.L [0.1-1.0]) at baseline and during surgery. The duration of mechanical ventilation and stay in the intensive care unit were significantly longer for @entity1 with higher APLs. Mean arterial pressure was inversely correlated with mean arterial APLs (Pearson's correlation coefficient: R=-0.66; p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: High APLs were found in @entity1 with operative @entity7441 and postoperative severe @entity1850 occurring after cardiopulmonary bypass. This suggests that @entity859 release is involved in @entity7441 that occurs during the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between cytokine production and @entity859 release in severe @entity1850 following cardiac surgery.

title: Role of endogenous XXXX as a predictive marker of @entity7441 during cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative severe systemic inflammatory response.

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided needle biopsy remains one of the most important diagnostic tools in the management of lung nodules; however, it carries a risk of intrapleural dissemination of @entity5 cells. METHODS: CT-guided lung biopsy was performed before surgery in 171 (34.8%) of 491 @entity1 . A coaxial biopsy system was used that comprised a 19-gauge introducer needle and a 20-gauge core biopsy needle. A total of 412 (83.9%) of the 491 @entity1 underwent intraoperative pleural lavage cytology just after thoracotomy. Intraoperative pleural lavage cytology was performed immediately after opening the thorax, after the @entity1143 was gently washed with 50 mL of saline. RESULTS: No @entity1 had implantation of @entity5 cells in the chest wall after a median follow-up of 20.2 months. Intraoperative pleural lavage cytology results were positive for 5 (2.9%) of the 171 @entity1 who underwent CT-guided biopsy before surgery, in contrast to 13 (5.4%) of the 241 @entity1 who did not undergo biopsy before surgery. The difference between the biopsy and nonbiopsy groups was not statistically significant. When the analysis was limited to @entity1 with @entity5 , intraoperative pleural lavage cytology results were positive for 1 (0.8%) of the 128 @entity1 who underwent CT-guided biopsy, in contrast to 3 (2.7%) of the 110 @entity1 who did not undergo biopsy. This difference was also not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: No significant association was observed between percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy and intraoperative pleural lavage cytology results, even in @entity1 with @entity5 . Percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy with a coaxial needle does not seem to cause @entity1143 .

title: Percutaneous computed tomography-guided lung biopsy and XXXX : an assessment by intraoperative pleural lavage cytology.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'stage IA disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural dissemination', 'pleural cavity']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural dissemination']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a novel visible-light therapy (VLT) device for the prevention of @entity3136 in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) @entity1 . A VLT-device suitable for intra-oral use was applied to 20 @entity1 undergoing HSCT. The study design was placebo-controlled, randomized and double-blind. @entity3136 was assessed using the OMAS and WHO scales. @entity158 and acceptance levels were scored by the @entity1 using a 10-step scale. @entity1 were evaluated once a week until day 21 post-HSCT. @entity33 rate, severity and @entity158 score were compared. At the third visit, 1week post-HSCT, @entity33 rates were significantly lower in the treatment group (for both WHO and OMAS p=0.02). @entity33 was also less severe in the treatment group (for WHO p=0.01; for OMAS p=0.01). Furthermore, the @entity1 in the treatment group reported @entity158 levels (p=0.04). The treatment was well tolerated and highly accepted, with no reports of adverse events related to the device. These findings suggest that the VLT-device is safe and effective for the prevention of @entity3136 in @entity1 undergoing HSCT.

title: A randomized controlled trial of visible-light therapy for the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis', 'Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis', 'Oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Oral pain', 'lower pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity3136 :: (MESH:D013280,Disease) :: ['oral mucositis']


abstract: Advanced @entity740 (CKD) is closely associated with a pro-inflammatory condition, with an increase in @entity412 -rich lipoproteins and decrease in HDL level. HDL contains antioxidant enzymes such as paraoxonase ( @entity533 ), whose activity is diminished in CKD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity533 activity with HDL @entity165 , @entity1675 and hs-CRP levels, which are known to be inflammatory markers in hemodialyzed @entity1 . Forty-two @entity1 were studied; age, median (range) = 50 (25-67) years old, gender M/F = 22/20, duration of hemodialysis = 4.4    0.5 years, BMI: 23    0.5 kg/m2. After a 12 h fast, a blood sample was obtained and classic components of lipid profile were determined, as well as apoproteins @entity1938 , @entity533 by means of its arylsterase activity and hs-CRP levels. On the basis of the latter, @entity1 were divided into two groups: hs- @entity72004 (low risk, range: 0.1 to 1.0 mg/l) and > 1 mg/l (moderate and high risk, 1.1 to 10.7 mg/l). No difference was found in @entity1674 , LDL @entity165 and apo B in the groups. @entity1 with hs- @entity72004 showed lower HDL @entity165 (40    2 mg/dl) and @entity1675 (118    4 mg/dl) than @entity1 with hs- @entity72004 (50    4 and 133    5, respectively); p < 0.05. @entity533 was lower in hs- @entity72004 = 90.5    24.0   mol/ml.min than in hs- @entity72004 = 105.2    18.0. Consequently, inverse correlations were obtained between @entity1675 and hs-CRP, r = -0.381, p = 0.013 and between @entity533 and hs-CRP, r = -0.32, p = 0.042. Furthermore, increase in hs-CRP correlated positively with BMI r = 0.318, p = 0.042. Since @entity1675 has an anti-inflammatory role and @entity533 an antioxidant activity, the decrease in HDL and its components, @entity165 , @entity1675 and @entity533 , in subjects with higher chronic inflammatory condition might explain, in part, the increased cardiovascular risk in these @entity1 .

title: [Relation between paraoxonase activity, other HDL components and inflammatory state in hemodialyzed XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity788 is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. To improve survival for @entity1 with @entity788 , research has focused on other treatment modalities like adding biological modulators such as type-I interferons (IFNs). Type I IFNs (ie, @entity3027 / @entity2391 ) have antiproliferative, antiviral, and immunoregulatory activities. Furthermore, they are able to induce apoptosis, exert cell cycle blocking, and sensitize @entity5 cells for chemo- and radiotherapy. A few years ago in vitro, in vivo, and several clinical trials have been described regarding adjuvant @entity3027 therapy in the treatment of @entity788 . Some studies reported a remarkable increase in the 2- and 5-year survival. Unfortunately, the only randomized clinical trial did not show a significant increase in overall survival, although the increased median survival implicated that some @entity1 in the experimental group benefited from the adjuvant @entity3027 therapy. Furthermore, encouraging in vitro and in vivo data points to a possible role for adjuvant @entity3027 therapy. However, up till now, the use of IFNs in the treatment of @entity788 remains controversial. This review, therefore, aims to describe, based on the available data, whether there is a distinct role for @entity3027 therapy in the treatment of @entity788 .

title: Potentials of Interferon Therapy in the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: In @entity31599 , the cellular requirements for @entity2518 (ALA) are in part regulated by the level of ALA synthase activity, which is encoded by the @entity72005 and @entity72006 genes. Under standard growth conditions, only the @entity72005 gene is transcribed, and the level of ALA synthase activity varies in response to @entity26 tension. The presence of an FNR consensus sequence upstream of @entity72005 suggested that @entity26 regulation of @entity72005 expression could be mediated, in part, through a homolog of the fnr gene. Two independent studies, one detailed here, identified a region of the @entity31599 genome containing extensive homology to the fix region of the symbiotic @entity1568 -fixing bacteria @entity16258 and @entity19062 . Within this region that maps to 443 kbp on chromsome I, we have identified an fnr homolog ( @entity60180 ), as well as a gene that codes for an anaerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, the second such gene identified in this organism. We also present an analysis of the role of @entity60180 in the physiology of @entity31599 through the construction and characterization of @entity60180 -null strains. Our results further show that @entity60180 is essential for both photosynthetic and anaerobic-dark growth with @entity3733 . Analysis of @entity72005 expression, with @entity72005 ::lacZ transcriptional fusions, suggests that @entity60180 is an activator of @entity72005 under anaerobic conditions. On the other hand, the open reading frame immediately upstream of @entity72005 appears to be an activator of @entity72005 transcription regardless of either the presence or the absence of @entity26 or @entity60180 . Given the lack of @entity72006 expression under these conditions, we consider @entity60180 regulation of @entity72005 expression to be a major factor in bringing about changes in the level of ALA synthase activity in response to changes in @entity26 tension.

title: Aerobic and anaerobic regulation in XXXX : the role of the @entity60180 gene.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity31599 :: ('272943', 'Species') :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1', 'R. sphaeroides 2.4.1']

entities_list: @entity19062 :: ('375', 'Species') :: ['Bradyrhizobium japonicum']

entities_list: @entity16258 :: ('382', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium meliloti']

answer: @entity31599 :: (272943,Species) :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1']


abstract: In @entity31599 , the cellular requirements for @entity2518 (ALA) are in part regulated by the level of ALA synthase activity, which is encoded by the @entity72005 and @entity72006 genes. Under standard growth conditions, only the @entity72005 gene is transcribed, and the level of ALA synthase activity varies in response to @entity26 tension. The presence of an FNR consensus sequence upstream of @entity72005 suggested that @entity26 regulation of @entity72005 expression could be mediated, in part, through a homolog of the fnr gene. Two independent studies, one detailed here, identified a region of the @entity31599 genome containing extensive homology to the fix region of the symbiotic @entity1568 -fixing bacteria @entity16258 and @entity19062 . Within this region that maps to 443 kbp on chromsome I, we have identified an fnr homolog ( @entity60180 ), as well as a gene that codes for an anaerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, the second such gene identified in this organism. We also present an analysis of the role of @entity60180 in the physiology of @entity31599 through the construction and characterization of @entity60180 -null strains. Our results further show that @entity60180 is essential for both photosynthetic and anaerobic-dark growth with @entity3733 . Analysis of @entity72005 expression, with @entity72005 ::lacZ transcriptional fusions, suggests that @entity60180 is an activator of @entity72005 under anaerobic conditions. On the other hand, the open reading frame immediately upstream of @entity72005 appears to be an activator of @entity72005 transcription regardless of either the presence or the absence of @entity26 or @entity60180 . Given the lack of @entity72006 expression under these conditions, we consider @entity60180 regulation of @entity72005 expression to be a major factor in bringing about changes in the level of ALA synthase activity in response to changes in @entity26 tension.

title: Aerobic and anaerobic regulation in @entity31599 : the role of the XXXX gene.

answer: @entity60180 :: (3718176(Tax:272943),Gene) :: ['fnrL']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the present study, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) along with various surfactants loaded with @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ) were prepared by an emulsification technique using a Box-Behnken design. The Box-Behnken design indicated that the most effective factors on the size and PDI were at high surfactant concentration (1.5%), low lipids ratio (6:4) and medium homogenization speed (6000   rpm). Among all the formulations, @entity9266 -loaded NLCs show least particle size compared to @entity9266 and @entity9266 . Entrapment efficiency of @entity9266 , @entity9266 and @entity9266 -loaded formulations were 82.40, 85.60 and 79.78%, respectively. Drug release of @entity9266 , @entity9266 and @entity9266 -loaded NLCs is 64.9, 62.3 and 59.7%, respectively (within 72   h). Maximum cellular uptake was observed with @entity9266 formulation on Caco-2 cell lines. Furthermore, spray drying of resultant NLCs was showed good flow properties and was selected for drug delivery to deeper airways. In-vivo studies demonstrated the better localization of drug within the lungs using different surfactant-based pulmonary delivery systems. From this study, we have concluded that delivering drugs through pulmonary route is advantageous for local action in lungs as maximum amount of drug concentration was observed in lungs. The surfactants could prove to be beneficial in treating drug resistance lung cancer by inhibiting @entity7895 efflux in the form of nano lipidic carriers.

title: Development, optimization and evaluation of surfactant-based pulmonary nanolipid carrier system of XXXX for the management of drug resistance lung cancer using Box-Behnken design.

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The evolution of idiopathic membranous membranous (MNi) is variable, treatment is discussed. Our work's main objective was to evaluate the results of a standardized management strategy proposed in 2006 in Lorraine (Nephrolor health network). The secondary objective was to evaluate the professional practices. @entity1 ET METHODS: This study compared the evolution of incident MNi between 2002 and 2005 (Before) and between 2007 and 2010 (After), the respective dates point to 31/12/2011 and 31/12/2006. In @entity1985 @entity1 without @entity177 , the risk assessment of end stage @entity8 based on urinary @entity6393 (ub2  m, threshold to 0,5   g/min). @entity1 at high risk should receive immunosuppressive therapy (IS). RESULTS: Seventy-four biopsy-proven MNi were diagnosed with 50  @entity1985 (22 Before and 28 After) of which 20 had normal renal function. In these @entity1985 , there was no significant difference in the probability and the average time of remission between the two groups (P=0.26). Dosage of ub2m was performed in 35% of cases. Fifty percent were treated with IS respecting strategy. CONCLUSION: Despite differences between the strategy and practices, which may explain these non-significant results, we observed changes in thinking and therapeutic attitude of the clinician. The implementation of this strategy tends to standardize and improve practices about MNi in Lorraine, which seems to improve results in remission. We encourage to generalize the application of this strategy and to continue this cohort follow.

title: [Management of idiopathic XXXX : Evaluation of a standardized strategy in a Lorraine health network.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotics']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['membranous nephropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity16443 is a key component of biologically active molecules and a pharmaceutically important chiral building block. It can be stereoselectively produced from @entity9108 by a two-step bioconversion involving @entity9108 a-oxidase and    (1)-piperideine-2-carboxylae (Pip2C) reductase. In this study, we focused on an @entity9108 a-oxidase from @entity32764 that was originally identified as an @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and applied the enzyme to one-pot fermentation of @entity16443 in @entity526 . A synthetic gene coding for an @entity66 was expressed in @entity526 , and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme was determined to be a homodimer with a molecular mass of 133.9  kDa. The enzyme essentially exhibited the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme. Optimal temperature and pH for the enzymatic reaction were 70   C  and 7.4, respectively. The enzyme was stable below 60    C and at a pH range of 5.5-7.5 but was markedly inhibited by @entity515 . To establish a one-pot fermentation system for the synthesis of optically pure @entity16443 from DL-lysine, an @entity526 carrying a plasmid encoding @entity66 , Pip2C reductase from @entity15250 , @entity376 racemase from @entity15250 , and @entity413 dehydrogenase from @entity3881 was constructed. The one-pot process produced 45.1  g/L of @entity16443 (87.4  % yield from DL- @entity376 ) after a 46-h reaction with high optical purity (>99.9  % enantiomeric excess).

title: Functional expression of @entity9108 a-oxidase from @entity32764 in XXXX for one-pot synthesis of @entity16443 from DL-lysine.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['apoptosis-inducing protein', 'AIP']

entities_list: @entity32764 :: ('13676', 'Species') :: ['Scomber japonicus']

entities_list: @entity15250 :: ('303', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas putida', 'P. putida']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity16443 :: ('MESH:C031345', 'Chemical') :: ['L-Pipecolic acid', 'L-pipecolic acid']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli', 'E. coli strain']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity16443 is a key component of biologically active molecules and a pharmaceutically important chiral building block. It can be stereoselectively produced from @entity9108 by a two-step bioconversion involving @entity9108 a-oxidase and    (1)-piperideine-2-carboxylae (Pip2C) reductase. In this study, we focused on an @entity9108 a-oxidase from @entity32764 that was originally identified as an @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and applied the enzyme to one-pot fermentation of @entity16443 in @entity526 . A synthetic gene coding for an @entity66 was expressed in @entity526 , and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme was determined to be a homodimer with a molecular mass of 133.9  kDa. The enzyme essentially exhibited the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme. Optimal temperature and pH for the enzymatic reaction were 70   C  and 7.4, respectively. The enzyme was stable below 60    C and at a pH range of 5.5-7.5 but was markedly inhibited by @entity515 . To establish a one-pot fermentation system for the synthesis of optically pure @entity16443 from DL-lysine, an @entity526 carrying a plasmid encoding @entity66 , Pip2C reductase from @entity15250 , @entity376 racemase from @entity15250 , and @entity413 dehydrogenase from @entity3881 was constructed. The one-pot process produced 45.1  g/L of @entity16443 (87.4  % yield from DL- @entity376 ) after a 46-h reaction with high optical purity (>99.9  % enantiomeric excess).

title: Functional expression of XXXX a-oxidase from @entity32764 in @entity526 for one-pot synthesis of @entity16443 from DL-lysine.

answer: @entity9108 :: (CHEBI:29967,Chemical) :: ['L-lysine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity16443 is a key component of biologically active molecules and a pharmaceutically important chiral building block. It can be stereoselectively produced from @entity9108 by a two-step bioconversion involving @entity9108 a-oxidase and    (1)-piperideine-2-carboxylae (Pip2C) reductase. In this study, we focused on an @entity9108 a-oxidase from @entity32764 that was originally identified as an @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and applied the enzyme to one-pot fermentation of @entity16443 in @entity526 . A synthetic gene coding for an @entity66 was expressed in @entity526 , and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme was determined to be a homodimer with a molecular mass of 133.9  kDa. The enzyme essentially exhibited the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme. Optimal temperature and pH for the enzymatic reaction were 70   C  and 7.4, respectively. The enzyme was stable below 60    C and at a pH range of 5.5-7.5 but was markedly inhibited by @entity515 . To establish a one-pot fermentation system for the synthesis of optically pure @entity16443 from DL-lysine, an @entity526 carrying a plasmid encoding @entity66 , Pip2C reductase from @entity15250 , @entity376 racemase from @entity15250 , and @entity413 dehydrogenase from @entity3881 was constructed. The one-pot process produced 45.1  g/L of @entity16443 (87.4  % yield from DL- @entity376 ) after a 46-h reaction with high optical purity (>99.9  % enantiomeric excess).

title: Functional expression of @entity9108 a-oxidase from @entity32764 in @entity526 for one-pot synthesis of XXXX from DL-lysine.

answer: @entity16443 :: (MESH:C031345,Chemical) :: ['L-pipecolic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity16443 is a key component of biologically active molecules and a pharmaceutically important chiral building block. It can be stereoselectively produced from @entity9108 by a two-step bioconversion involving @entity9108 a-oxidase and    (1)-piperideine-2-carboxylae (Pip2C) reductase. In this study, we focused on an @entity9108 a-oxidase from @entity32764 that was originally identified as an @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and applied the enzyme to one-pot fermentation of @entity16443 in @entity526 . A synthetic gene coding for an @entity66 was expressed in @entity526 , and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme was determined to be a homodimer with a molecular mass of 133.9  kDa. The enzyme essentially exhibited the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme. Optimal temperature and pH for the enzymatic reaction were 70   C  and 7.4, respectively. The enzyme was stable below 60    C and at a pH range of 5.5-7.5 but was markedly inhibited by @entity515 . To establish a one-pot fermentation system for the synthesis of optically pure @entity16443 from DL-lysine, an @entity526 carrying a plasmid encoding @entity66 , Pip2C reductase from @entity15250 , @entity376 racemase from @entity15250 , and @entity413 dehydrogenase from @entity3881 was constructed. The one-pot process produced 45.1  g/L of @entity16443 (87.4  % yield from DL- @entity376 ) after a 46-h reaction with high optical purity (>99.9  % enantiomeric excess).

title: Functional expression of @entity9108 a-oxidase from XXXX in @entity526 for one-pot synthesis of @entity16443 from DL-lysine.

answer: @entity32764 :: (13676,Species) :: ['Scomber japonicus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoprosthetic reconstruction of the proximal humerus is one of the standard procedures after resection of @entity5 of the proximal humerus and has been considered a reliable method to reconstruct the proximal humerus in recent reports. However, instability of the shoulder joint caused by loss of the rotator cuff and deltoid muscle function is often observed after such an endoprosthetic reconstruction. METHODS: We performed the endoprosthesis suspension method with @entity7502 monofilament knitted mesh. This suspension method, by which the endoprosthesis is suspended from the bone structure, was used after resection of @entity5 in 9 @entity1 . We assessed postoperative stability of the shoulder joint by comparing these @entity1 with 12 @entity1 who underwent the conventional surgical technique, by which the mesh-wrapped endoprosthesis is attached only to soft tissue. RESULTS: In radiographic and physical evaluation, 4 of the 12 @entity1 in the soft tissue reconstruction group showed shoulder joint instability. No @entity1 in the suspension method group showed subluxation of the humeral prosthesis. The mean shoulder flexion was 35   and 65   and the mean shoulder abduction was 40   and 40   for the soft tissue reconstruction group and the suspension method group, respectively. DISCUSSION: Shoulder joint subluxation sometimes occurs because of elongation of the attached soft tissue in the conventional reconstruction with mesh, whereas no shoulder joint subluxation occurs after endoprosthetic reconstruction in the suspension method because the bone structure has no leeway for elongation. Excellent stability of our new method enables exercise of the surgical shoulder at an early stage, leading to improved range of shoulder joint motion.

title: New endoprosthesis suspension method with XXXX monofilament knitted mesh after resection of bone tumors in proximal humerus.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

answer: @entity7502 :: (MESH:D011126,Chemical) :: ['polypropylene']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to assess whether an intercalated dosing schedule of @entity3866 and @entity1205 could avoid possible negative interactions and optimize the benefit obtained as second-line therapy in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A phase II randomized clinical trial was designed for advanced @entity1149 @entity1 in whom previous chemotherapy treatment had failed. The experimental arm with 33 @entity1 consisted of @entity3866 150 mg/d orally, intermittent administration on days 2 to 16 every 21 days, combined with @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) every 21 days; the control arm with 35 @entity1 consisted of @entity3866 150 mg/d orally, administered continuously. The study's primary end point was the proportion of @entity1 who remained progression-free  at 6 months in the 2 arms. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 who remained progression-free at 6 months was of 5 @entity1 (15%) in the intercalated arm and 3 @entity1 (9%) in the @entity3866 monotherapy arm respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS)  was 3.0 versus 2.1 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.06; P  = .086). Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 7.5 and 5.2 months (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.41-1.19; P  = .19). Disease control rates were 51.7% and 36.4%, respectively. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSION: @entity3866 and @entity1205 with intermittent administration of @entity3866 improved PFS, @entity1349 , and disease control rates compared with @entity3866 alone. All of our results indicated that an intercalated dosing schedule of @entity3866 and @entity1205 could be more efficient than @entity3866 treatment  alone. Therefore, further studies should be developed in a larger number of @entity1 . This study has shown the  absence of antagonism between @entity1205 and @entity3866 when given in an intercalated fashion.

title: Intercalated Dosing Schedule of @entity3866 and @entity1205 as a Therapeutic Strategy to Avoid Antagonism and Optimize Its Benefits in Advanced XXXX . A  Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to assess whether an intercalated dosing schedule of @entity3866 and @entity1205 could avoid possible negative interactions and optimize the benefit obtained as second-line therapy in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A phase II randomized clinical trial was designed for advanced @entity1149 @entity1 in whom previous chemotherapy treatment had failed. The experimental arm with 33 @entity1 consisted of @entity3866 150 mg/d orally, intermittent administration on days 2 to 16 every 21 days, combined with @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) every 21 days; the control arm with 35 @entity1 consisted of @entity3866 150 mg/d orally, administered continuously. The study's primary end point was the proportion of @entity1 who remained progression-free  at 6 months in the 2 arms. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 who remained progression-free at 6 months was of 5 @entity1 (15%) in the intercalated arm and 3 @entity1 (9%) in the @entity3866 monotherapy arm respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS)  was 3.0 versus 2.1 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.06; P  = .086). Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 7.5 and 5.2 months (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.41-1.19; P  = .19). Disease control rates were 51.7% and 36.4%, respectively. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSION: @entity3866 and @entity1205 with intermittent administration of @entity3866 improved PFS, @entity1349 , and disease control rates compared with @entity3866 alone. All of our results indicated that an intercalated dosing schedule of @entity3866 and @entity1205 could be more efficient than @entity3866 treatment  alone. Therefore, further studies should be developed in a larger number of @entity1 . This study has shown the  absence of antagonism between @entity1205 and @entity3866 when given in an intercalated fashion.

title: Intercalated Dosing Schedule of XXXX and @entity1205 as a Therapeutic Strategy to Avoid Antagonism and Optimize Its Benefits in Advanced @entity1149 . A  Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['Erlotinib']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to assess whether an intercalated dosing schedule of @entity3866 and @entity1205 could avoid possible negative interactions and optimize the benefit obtained as second-line therapy in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A phase II randomized clinical trial was designed for advanced @entity1149 @entity1 in whom previous chemotherapy treatment had failed. The experimental arm with 33 @entity1 consisted of @entity3866 150 mg/d orally, intermittent administration on days 2 to 16 every 21 days, combined with @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) every 21 days; the control arm with 35 @entity1 consisted of @entity3866 150 mg/d orally, administered continuously. The study's primary end point was the proportion of @entity1 who remained progression-free  at 6 months in the 2 arms. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 who remained progression-free at 6 months was of 5 @entity1 (15%) in the intercalated arm and 3 @entity1 (9%) in the @entity3866 monotherapy arm respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS)  was 3.0 versus 2.1 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.06; P  = .086). Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 7.5 and 5.2 months (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.41-1.19; P  = .19). Disease control rates were 51.7% and 36.4%, respectively. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSION: @entity3866 and @entity1205 with intermittent administration of @entity3866 improved PFS, @entity1349 , and disease control rates compared with @entity3866 alone. All of our results indicated that an intercalated dosing schedule of @entity3866 and @entity1205 could be more efficient than @entity3866 treatment  alone. Therefore, further studies should be developed in a larger number of @entity1 . This study has shown the  absence of antagonism between @entity1205 and @entity3866 when given in an intercalated fashion.

title: Intercalated Dosing Schedule of @entity3866 and XXXX as a Therapeutic Strategy to Avoid Antagonism and Optimize Its Benefits in Advanced @entity1149 . A  Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate if the treatments with @entity21563 and @entity115 are risk factors for the emergence of cephalosporin resistant (CR) @entity526 in a @entity1707 farm during the rearing period. One hundred 7-day-old piglets were divided into two groups, a control (n = 50) group and a group parenterally treated with @entity21563 (n = 50). During the fattening period, both groups were subdivided in two. A second treatment with @entity115 was administered in feed to two of the four groups, as follows: group 1 (untreated, n = 20), group 2 (treated with @entity115 , n = 26), group 3 (treated with @entity21563 , n = 20), and group 4 (treated with @entity21563 and @entity115 , n = 26). During treatment with @entity21563 , fecal samples were collected before treatment (day 0) and at days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 42 posttreatment, whereas with @entity115 , the sampling was extended 73 days posttreatment. CR @entity526 bacteria were selected on MacConkey agar with @entity2756 (1 mg/liter). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), MICs of 14 antimicrobials, the presence of @entity5898 resistance genes, and replicon typing of plasmids were analyzed. Both treatments generated an increase in the prevalence of CR @entity526 , which was statistically significant in the treated groups. Resistance diminished after treatment. A total of 47 CR @entity526 isolates were recovered during the study period; of these, 15 contained blaCTX-M-1, 10 contained @entity50673 , 4 contained blaCTX-M-9, 2 contained @entity50672 , and 5 contained blaSHV-12. The treatment with @entity21563 and @entity115 was associated with the emergence of CR @entity526 during the course of the treatment. However, by the time of finishing, CR @entity526 bacteria were not recovered from the animals.

title: Impact of the Use of b-Lactam Antimicrobials on the Emergence of XXXX Isolates Resistant to Cephalosporins under Standard @entity1707 -Rearing Conditions.

entities_list: @entity21563 :: ('MESH:C053503', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftiofur']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate if the treatments with @entity21563 and @entity115 are risk factors for the emergence of cephalosporin resistant (CR) @entity526 in a @entity1707 farm during the rearing period. One hundred 7-day-old piglets were divided into two groups, a control (n = 50) group and a group parenterally treated with @entity21563 (n = 50). During the fattening period, both groups were subdivided in two. A second treatment with @entity115 was administered in feed to two of the four groups, as follows: group 1 (untreated, n = 20), group 2 (treated with @entity115 , n = 26), group 3 (treated with @entity21563 , n = 20), and group 4 (treated with @entity21563 and @entity115 , n = 26). During treatment with @entity21563 , fecal samples were collected before treatment (day 0) and at days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 42 posttreatment, whereas with @entity115 , the sampling was extended 73 days posttreatment. CR @entity526 bacteria were selected on MacConkey agar with @entity2756 (1 mg/liter). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), MICs of 14 antimicrobials, the presence of @entity5898 resistance genes, and replicon typing of plasmids were analyzed. Both treatments generated an increase in the prevalence of CR @entity526 , which was statistically significant in the treated groups. Resistance diminished after treatment. A total of 47 CR @entity526 isolates were recovered during the study period; of these, 15 contained blaCTX-M-1, 10 contained @entity50673 , 4 contained blaCTX-M-9, 2 contained @entity50672 , and 5 contained blaSHV-12. The treatment with @entity21563 and @entity115 was associated with the emergence of CR @entity526 during the course of the treatment. However, by the time of finishing, CR @entity526 bacteria were not recovered from the animals.

title: Impact of the Use of b-Lactam Antimicrobials on the Emergence of @entity526 Isolates Resistant to Cephalosporins under Standard XXXX -Rearing Conditions.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity130 define the surgical burden of recent conflicts. Current literature is inconclusive when assessing the merits of limb salvage over amputation. The aim of this study was to determine medium term functional outcomes in military casualties undergoing limb salvage for severe @entity4422 , and compare them to equivalent outcomes for unilateral trans-tibial amputees. Cases of severe open diaphyseal tibia fractures sustained in combat between 2006 and 2010, as described in a previously published series, were contacted. Consenting individuals conducted a brief telephone interview and were asked to complete a SF-36 questionnaire. These results were compared to a similar cohort of 18 military @entity1 who sustained a unilateral trans-tibial amputation between 2004 and 2010. Forty-nine @entity1 with 57 severe @entity4422 met the inclusion criteria. Telephone follow-up and SF-36 questionnaire data was available for 30 @entity1 (61%). The median follow-up was 4 years (49 months, IQR 39-63). Ten of the 30 @entity1 required revision surgery, three of which involved conversion from initial fixation to a circular frame for non- or mal-union. Twenty-two of the 30 @entity1 (73%) recovered sufficiently to complete an age-standardised basic military fitness test. The median physical component score of SF-36 in the limb salvage group was 46 (IQR 35-54) which was similar to the trans-tibial amputation cohort (p=0.3057, Mann-Whitney). Similarly there was no difference in mental component scores between the limb salvage and amputation groups (p=0.1595, Mann-Whitney). There was no significant difference in the proportion of @entity1 in either the amputation or limb salvage group reporting @entity158 (p=0.1157, Fisher's exact test) or with respect to SF-36 physical @entity158 scores (p=0.5258, Mann-Whitney). This study demonstrates that medium term outcomes for military @entity1 are similar following trans-tibial amputation or limb salvage following combat @entity130 .

title: Medium-term outcomes following limb salvage for severe XXXX are similar to trans-tibial amputation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Extremity injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open tibia fractures']

answer: @entity4422 :: (MESH:D005597,Disease) :: ['open tibia fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the SHOCK trial, an invasive strategy of early revascularization was associated with a significant mortality benefit at 6 months when compared with initial stabilization in @entity1 with @entity1455 complicating @entity583 . Our objectives were to evaluate the data on real-world practice and outcomes of invasive vs conservative management in @entity1 with @entity1455 . METHODS: We analyzed data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2011 with primary discharge diagnosis of @entity583 and secondary diagnosis of @entity1455 . Propensity score matching was used to assemble a cohort of @entity1 managed invasively (with cardiac catheterization, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery) vs conservatively with similar baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: We identified 60,833 @entity1 with @entity1455 , of which 20,644 @entity1 (10,322 in each group) with similar propensity scores, including 11,004 elderly @entity1 (>= 75 years), were in the final analysis. @entity1 who underwent invasive management had 59% lower odds of in-hospital mortality (37.7% vs 59.7%; odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.43; P < .0001) when compared with those managed conservatively. This lower mortality was consistently seen across all tested subgroups; specifically in the elderly (>= 75 years) (44.0% vs 63.6%; OR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.42-0.49; P  <  .0001) and those younger than 75 years (30.6% vs 55.1%; OR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.33-0.39; P < .0001), although the magnitude of risk reduction differed (Pinteraction < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this largest cohort of @entity1 with @entity1455 complicating @entity583 , @entity1 managed invasively had significantly lower mortality when compared with those managed conservatively, even in the elderly. Our results emphasize the need for aggressive management in this high-risk subgroup.

title: Outcomes with invasive vs conservative management of XXXX complicating @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the SHOCK trial, an invasive strategy of early revascularization was associated with a significant mortality benefit at 6 months when compared with initial stabilization in @entity1 with @entity1455 complicating @entity583 . Our objectives were to evaluate the data on real-world practice and outcomes of invasive vs conservative management in @entity1 with @entity1455 . METHODS: We analyzed data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2011 with primary discharge diagnosis of @entity583 and secondary diagnosis of @entity1455 . Propensity score matching was used to assemble a cohort of @entity1 managed invasively (with cardiac catheterization, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery) vs conservatively with similar baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: We identified 60,833 @entity1 with @entity1455 , of which 20,644 @entity1 (10,322 in each group) with similar propensity scores, including 11,004 elderly @entity1 (>= 75 years), were in the final analysis. @entity1 who underwent invasive management had 59% lower odds of in-hospital mortality (37.7% vs 59.7%; odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.43; P < .0001) when compared with those managed conservatively. This lower mortality was consistently seen across all tested subgroups; specifically in the elderly (>= 75 years) (44.0% vs 63.6%; OR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.42-0.49; P  <  .0001) and those younger than 75 years (30.6% vs 55.1%; OR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.33-0.39; P < .0001), although the magnitude of risk reduction differed (Pinteraction < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this largest cohort of @entity1 with @entity1455 complicating @entity583 , @entity1 managed invasively had significantly lower mortality when compared with those managed conservatively, even in the elderly. Our results emphasize the need for aggressive management in this high-risk subgroup.

title: Outcomes with invasive vs conservative management of @entity1455 complicating XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The surgical treatment of large @entity977 with suprasellar extensions has been controversial. To elucidate the indications for transsphenoidal surgery of large @entity652 and to evaluate the techniques for removing the suprasellar portions of the @entity5 , surgical procedures on 100 consecutive @entity1 with suprasellar extensions of nonfunctioning @entity977 were retrospectively investigated. @entity1 were followed up for 1 to 12 years (mean, 4.5 yr). One hundred twenty-five transsphenoidal operations were performed on 100 @entity1 . The removal of each suprasellar @entity5 was facilitated by the placement of a lumbar subarachnoid catheter and the injection of lactated Ringer's solution or saline. This method was used in 77 operations and was effective on 60 of 72 @entity652 with < 30-mm suprasellar extensions (Hardy's Grades A, B, and C) but not on those that were fibrous or dumbbell-shaped. The descent of the remaining suprasellar @entity5 was facilitated by keeping the sella and sellar floor open with an intrasellar drain, and the subsequent removal was achieved with staged transsphenoidal operations. Of nine fibrous or dumbbell-shaped @entity652 with 10- to 30-mm suprasellar extensions, gross total removal in eight was achieved by the open sella technique and two-stage transsphenoidal operation, whereas one required transcranial surgery. @entity652 with > 30-mm suprasellar or lateral extensions (Grade D) could not be removed sufficiently by transsphenoidal operations, except one @entity652 for which a subtotal removal was achieved in the third staged operation. The disease-free rate 10 years after operation was 74% for all @entity1 : 91% for Grade A, 74% for Grade B, and 61% for Grade C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The transsphenoidal removal of nonfunctioning XXXX with suprasellar extensions: the open sella method and intentionally staged operation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma', 'Adenomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, early oral feeding after gastrectomy for @entity356 has not been accepted universally. Therefore, we performed a randomized clinical trial to determine whether early oral feeding after curative surgery for @entity356 can be tolerated and whether it has an effect on recovery. METHODS: From July 2008 to February 2009, 58 @entity1 were enrolled and 4 were excluded according to set criteria. The @entity1 in the early feeding group began a liquid diet on the second postoperative day, and then were fed a soft diet from the third day until the day they were discharged. The @entity1 in the control group began a liquid diet on the fourth day. The primary endpoint of this study was the duration of postoperative hospitalization. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the clinico-operative characteristics between the 2 groups. The duration of hospitalization (P = .044) and time until flatus (P = .036) in the early group were decreased significantly. With regard to the rates of morbidity, cost of hospitalization, postoperative symptoms, and @entity158 scales, no significant differences were found. The quality of life scores were decreased significantly at the fatigue (P = .007) and @entity390 and @entity391 (P = .048) immediately after operation in the early feeding group. CONCLUSION: Early oral feeding after @entity356 surgery is feasible and can result in shorter hospitalization and improvements in several aspects of quality of life in the early postoperative period.

title: Effect of early oral feeding after XXXX surgery: a result of randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Kwashiorkor is a clinical manifestation of global @entity7493 that is described mainly in @entity1 in developing countries initially presenting @entity484 -like @entity272 associated with @entity4 . OBSERVATION: We report the case of a 44-year-old @entity1 with dark skin who had undergone bariatric surgery for treatment of @entity5 without regular monitoring and who was hospitalized in our dermatology department four years later. She had diffuse @entity4 and @entity484 -like cutaneous lesions on pigmented skin that had developed for two months despite daily application of topical corticosteroids. Clinical signs, the collapse of serum albumin and histopathological analysis of skin tissue were evocative of @entity16995 . Her symptoms subsided after several weeks of a nutritional programme. DISCUSSION: Kwashiorkor is a clinical entity described chiefly in @entity1 in developing countries. Cutaneous involvement comprising @entity272 associated with diffuse @entity4 is prominent. Treatment with protein supplementation alone is effective and avoids many complications such as @entity281 . Obesity is a serious and common disease in Western countries affecting one third of the world's population, and for which treatment with bariatric surgery may be indicated. Without regular monitoring, this surgery can cause severe @entity1131 . Consequently, in the future there will seemingly be a greater likelihood of @entity16995 in adults as an iatrogenic complication of @entity28 treatment. Its semiology needs to be underlined because of the simplicity and efficacy of treatment.

title: [Adult XXXX : A rare complication of bariatric surgery.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-calorie malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity16995 :: ('MESH:D007732', 'Disease') :: ['kwashiorkor']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage-III obesity']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'hydrops']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections and haemodynamic disorders']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease', 'asteatotic eczema-like skin']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['eczema', 'asteatotic eczema']

answer: @entity16995 :: (MESH:D007732,Disease) :: ['kwashiorkor']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiology and outcomes of posttraumatic upper (UEA) and lower extremity amputations (LEA). The National @entity130 Databank version 5 was used to identify all posttraumatic amputations. From 2000 to 2004 there were 8910 amputated @entity1 (1.0% of all @entity130 @entity1 ). Of these, 6855 (76.9%) had digit and 2055 (23.1%) had limb amputation. Of those with limb amputation, 92.7 per cent (1904/2055) had a single limb amputation. LEA were more frequent than UEA among @entity1 in the single limb amputation group (58.9% vs 41.1%). The mechanism of injury was blunt in 83 per cent; most commonly after motor vehicle collisions (51.0%), followed by machinery accidents (19.4%). Motor vehicle collision occupants had more UEA (54.5% vs 45.5%, P < 0.001), whereas motorcyclists (86.2% vs 13.8%, P < 0.001) and pedestrians (91.9% vs 8.1%, P < 0.001) had more LEA. @entity1 with LEA were more likely to require discharge to a skilled nursing facility; whereas those with UEA were more likely to be discharged home. Traumatic limb amputation is not uncommon after @entity130 in the civilian population and is associated with significant morbidity. Although single limb amputation did not impact mortality, the need for multiple limb amputation was an independent risk factor for @entity204 .

title: Epidemiology of post-traumatic limb amputation: a National XXXX Databank analysis.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE. To review disease spectrum and treatment patterns in a local @entity4810 clinic. DESIGN. Case series. SETTING. @entity4810 clinic in a teaching hospital in Hong Kong. @entity1 . @entity1 who were seen as new cases in a local @entity4810 clinic between January 2008 and December 2012. INTERVENTION. Infertility assessment and counselling on treatment options. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. Disease spectrum and treatment patterns. RESULTS. A total of 387 new @entity1 were assessed in the @entity4810 clinic. The mean age of the @entity1 and their female partners was 37.2 and 32.1 years, respectively. The median duration of @entity249 was 3 years. Among the @entity1 , 36.2% had @entity3893 , 8.0% had @entity12108 , and 48.3% of @entity1 had other @entity854 . The commonest causes of @entity4810 were unknown (idiopathic), clinically significant varicoceles, @entity12108 , @entity20436 after puberty, and erectile or @entity409 . Overall, 66.1% of @entity1 chose assisted reproductive treatment and 12.4% of @entity1 preferred surgical correction of reversible @entity4810 conditions. Altogether 36.7% of @entity1 required either surgical sperm retrieval or correction of @entity4810 conditions. CONCLUSIONS. The present study provided important local data on the disease spectrum and treatment patterns in a @entity4810 clinic. The incidences of @entity3893 and @entity12108 were much higher than those reported in the contemporary literature. A significant proportion of @entity1 required either surgical sperm retrieval or correction of reversible @entity4810 conditions.

title: Disease spectrum and treatment patterns in a local XXXX clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['Male infertility', 'male infertility']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ejaculatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in semen parameters']

entities_list: @entity12108 :: ('MESH:C535984', 'Disease') :: ['congenital absence of vas deferens']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['male infertility']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 with incurable @entity5 were treated with self expanding oesophageal memory metal stents (Ultraflex) in a prospective study. The endoprostheses were successfully placed in all @entity1 . Within one week after implantation @entity1282 had improved in 25 of 30 @entity1 (83%). Stent expansion was incomplete within one week after implantation in 12 of 30 @entity1 (40%). After an average of two dilatation sessions eight of 12 stents had expanded completely. Five @entity1 complained of @entity158 and three of them suffered from heartburn over several days despite acid inhibition. Major problems in the follow up period occurred in 10 of 30 @entity1 (30%) and included late perforation (one) and @entity5 ingrowth/overgrowth (nine). All of these complications were treated endoscopically. Improvement of the @entity1282 of the @entity1 with @entity5 ingrowth/overgrowth lasted for about eight weeks (median; range: 2-38 weeks). Until November 1994 six of 30 @entity1 were still alive with a survival time of 309 days (median; range: 103-368 days). It is concluded that oesophageal memory metal stents are easy to implant, prove effective in the palliation of @entity5 , and have a low risk of severe complications. The only disadvantages are that incomplete initial stent expansion as well as @entity5 ingrowth/overgrowth occurred in nearly one third of the @entity1 .

title: Memory metal stents for palliation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant obstruction of the oesophagus and cardia', 'malignant oesophageal obstructions', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant obstruction of the oesophagus and cardia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Arboviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes and other arthropods to @entity1 and animals. The risk associated with these viruses is increasing worldwide, including new emergence in Europe and the Americas. Anopheline mosquitoes are vectors of @entity1 @entity311 but are believed to transmit one known arbovirus, @entity65071 , whereas Aedes mosquitoes transmit many. Anopheles interactions with viruses have been little studied, and the initial antiviral response in the midgut has not been examined. Here, we determine the antiviral immune pathways of the @entity313 midgut, the initial site of @entity1800 after an infective blood meal. We compare them with the responses of the post-midgut systemic compartment, which is the site of the subsequent disseminated @entity1800 . Normal @entity1800 of the midgut requires bacterial flora and is inhibited by the activities of @entity3230 ( @entity3230 ), JAK/STAT, and Leu-rich repeat immune factors. We show that the exogenous siRNA pathway, thought of as the canonical mosquito antiviral pathway, plays no detectable role in antiviral defense in the midgut but only protects later in the systemic compartment. These results alter the prevailing antiviral paradigm by describing distinct protective mechanisms in different body compartments and @entity281 stages. Importantly, the presence of the midgut bacterial flora is required for full viral infectivity to Anopheles, in contrast to @entity281 , where the presence of the midgut bacterial flora is required for protection against @entity281 . Thus, the enteric flora controls a reciprocal protection tradeoff in the vector for resistance to different @entity1 pathogens.

title: Antiviral immunity of XXXX is highly compartmentalized, with distinct roles for RNA interference and gut microbiota.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity65071 :: ('11027', 'Species') :: ["o'nyong-nyong virus"]

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency', 'Imd']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity313 :: (7165,Species) :: ['Anopheles gambiae']


abstract: Despite the chronic exposure of the US population to fluoridated drinking water since the 1940s, existing studies have been judged inadequate to determine any potential reproductive or developmental hazard. This study was conducted to determine the effects of @entity3163 ( @entity7034 ) on foetal development. Sperm-positive female @entity35 were given 0, 10, 25, 100, 175 or 250 ppm @entity7034 daily throughout gestation. They were dosed by drinking water to mimic @entity1 exposure to fluoridated water. No dose-related behavioural changes or maternal clinical signs were noted. Fluid consumption by females in the 175- and 250-ppm groups was significantly less than that of the control females. Because of this decreased fluid consumption, the daily amount of @entity7034 ingested (0, 1.4, 3.9, 15.6, 24.7 and 25.1 mg/kg body weight) was less than expected at the two high levels. Feed consumption decreased significantly at 250 ppm, and body weights of pregnant females reflected feed consumption trends. The mean number of viable foetuses per female in all treated groups was similar to that of the control group. The significant decrease in the mean number of implants per litter in the 250-ppm group is probably linked to the lower mean number of corpora lutea in this group. The occurrence of in utero deaths was similar in the control and treated groups. Foetal growth (in terms of foetal body weight and crown-rump length) was not affected by @entity7034 , despite the fact that the dams in the 250-ppm group ate significantly less feed and drank significantly less fluid. There was no dose-related increase in the number of external anomalies in foetuses due to @entity7034 ingestion. At the doses given, @entity7034 had no effect on the development of specific bones, including sternebrae. A significant increase was seen in the average number of foetuses with three or more skeletal variations in the 250-ppm group; the number of litters with foetuses with three or more skeletal variations was increased in the 250-ppm group also, but the increase was not significant. There was no dose-related effect of @entity7034 on the incidence of soft tissue variations.

title: Developmental toxicity of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

answer: @entity3163 :: (MESH:D012969,Chemical) :: ['sodium fluoride']


abstract: Despite the chronic exposure of the US population to fluoridated drinking water since the 1940s, existing studies have been judged inadequate to determine any potential reproductive or developmental hazard. This study was conducted to determine the effects of @entity3163 ( @entity7034 ) on foetal development. Sperm-positive female @entity35 were given 0, 10, 25, 100, 175 or 250 ppm @entity7034 daily throughout gestation. They were dosed by drinking water to mimic @entity1 exposure to fluoridated water. No dose-related behavioural changes or maternal clinical signs were noted. Fluid consumption by females in the 175- and 250-ppm groups was significantly less than that of the control females. Because of this decreased fluid consumption, the daily amount of @entity7034 ingested (0, 1.4, 3.9, 15.6, 24.7 and 25.1 mg/kg body weight) was less than expected at the two high levels. Feed consumption decreased significantly at 250 ppm, and body weights of pregnant females reflected feed consumption trends. The mean number of viable foetuses per female in all treated groups was similar to that of the control group. The significant decrease in the mean number of implants per litter in the 250-ppm group is probably linked to the lower mean number of corpora lutea in this group. The occurrence of in utero deaths was similar in the control and treated groups. Foetal growth (in terms of foetal body weight and crown-rump length) was not affected by @entity7034 , despite the fact that the dams in the 250-ppm group ate significantly less feed and drank significantly less fluid. There was no dose-related increase in the number of external anomalies in foetuses due to @entity7034 ingestion. At the doses given, @entity7034 had no effect on the development of specific bones, including sternebrae. A significant increase was seen in the average number of foetuses with three or more skeletal variations in the 250-ppm group; the number of litters with foetuses with three or more skeletal variations was increased in the 250-ppm group also, but the increase was not significant. There was no dose-related effect of @entity7034 on the incidence of soft tissue variations.

title: Developmental toxicity of @entity3163 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate aortic neck changes, specifically @entity384 , over a 10-year period in @entity1 undergoing @entity439 repair (EVAR) for @entity1028 . METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent elective EVAR at our institution from 1998 through 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Among these, 103 @entity1 (96 @entity1 ; mean age 71 years, range 35-84) who received the 3 most frequently implanted self-expanding stent-grafts (35 Talent, 39 Excluder, and 29 Zenith) and had a minimum 3-month imaging follow-up at our department were selected for this study. All diameters were measured perpendicular to the centerline of flow on computed tomography; baseline data were derived from the first postoperative scan. Stent-graft migration was measured from the lowermost renal artery to the first strut of the stent-graft. Based on intra- and interobserver error measurements, a minimum change of 2 mm defined @entity384 . RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 39.4 months (range 3-108.8), @entity384 (>2 mm) was found in 10 @entity1 (28.6%, 95% CI 14.6-46.3) in the Talent group, 4 (10.3%, 95% CI 2.9-24.2) in the Excluder group, and 9 (31.0%, 95% CI 15.3-50.8) in the Zenith group (p=0.299). In 7 (31%) of the 23 @entity1 with neck dilatation, additional therapy was necessary. Suprarenal changes were found in 6 @entity1 (17.1%, 95% CI 6.6-33.6), 8 @entity1 (20.5%, 95% CI 9.3-36.5), and 5 @entity1 (17.2%, 95% CI 5.8-35.8), respectively (p=0.218). Stent-graft migration >2 mm was seen in 2 (1.9%) of the 103 @entity1 in follow-up. The overall endoleak rates were 37.1% for Talent, 30.8% for Excluder, and 37.9% for Zenith (p>0.05). Two @entity1 were converted to open repair owing to Talent stent-graft migration and persistent type I leak (Zenith). The overall reintervention rate was 13.6% (13/103). CONCLUSION: Only a small number of the @entity1 treated with self-expanding stent-grafts show notable @entity384 , which does not appear to be related to the stent-graft model. Almost all cases of @entity384 exceeded the percentage of oversizing; less than a third of @entity1 with @entity384 required therapy.

title: Influence of different self-expanding stent-graft types on remodeling of the aortic neck after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal aortic neck dilatation', 'aortic neck dilatation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: Haemonchus parasites are responsible for many losses in animal production. However, few studies are available, especially of @entity7040 . In this study, we investigated mRNA differences of immune response genes in na  ve Nellore @entity291 infected with Haemonchus placei, relating these differences to patterns of cellular infiltrate. @entity291 were @entity281 . placei L3 larvae and after 7 days lymph node and abomasum tissues were collected. @entity8621 , @entity18194 , @entity12524 , IL-12, @entity23645 , IFN-y, @entity23646 , @entity34199 , pepsinogen and @entity17299 genes were evaluated by qPCR. Mast cells, eosinophils and globular leukocytes were counted by abomasum histology. In the infected group, @entity18194 , @entity23645 and @entity17299 were up-regulated in the abomasal lymph node. In the abomasum, @entity23645 increased and @entity17299 was down-regulated (p<0.05). No differences were detected for mast cells and eosinophil counts in abomasal tissue (p>0.05). We conclude that for this infection time, there was Th2 polarization but that cellular infiltrate in abomasal tissue takes longer to develop.

title: mRNA profile of Nellore XXXX after @entity281 with Haemonchus placei.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calves']


abstract: Haemonchus parasites are responsible for many losses in animal production. However, few studies are available, especially of @entity7040 . In this study, we investigated mRNA differences of immune response genes in na  ve Nellore @entity291 infected with Haemonchus placei, relating these differences to patterns of cellular infiltrate. @entity291 were @entity281 . placei L3 larvae and after 7 days lymph node and abomasum tissues were collected. @entity8621 , @entity18194 , @entity12524 , IL-12, @entity23645 , IFN-y, @entity23646 , @entity34199 , pepsinogen and @entity17299 genes were evaluated by qPCR. Mast cells, eosinophils and globular leukocytes were counted by abomasum histology. In the infected group, @entity18194 , @entity23645 and @entity17299 were up-regulated in the abomasal lymph node. In the abomasum, @entity23645 increased and @entity17299 was down-regulated (p<0.05). No differences were detected for mast cells and eosinophil counts in abomasal tissue (p>0.05). We conclude that for this infection time, there was Th2 polarization but that cellular infiltrate in abomasal tissue takes longer to develop.

title: mRNA profile of Nellore @entity291 after XXXX with Haemonchus placei.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['primary infection']