abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the practice preferences among urologists treating @entity150 in the United States. METHODS: We surveyed 226 urologists using a specially designed survey instrument. The type of practice, number of urologists in group practice, annual volume of @entity1 with @entity150 , and those treated with intravesical therapy were assessed. We also obtained information on the American Urological Association section and year of graduation from urology residency training. RESULTS: Of the 226 contacted urologists, 105 (46%) returned a completed survey instrument. Seventeen percent were practicing in academic institutions and 63% were in independent community practice. Forty-five percent had graduated from urology training in or before 1985. Thirty-six percent were in small and 37% were in moderate-size groups. Thirty-five percent were treating a moderate number of @entity1 with @entity150 , and 44% were treating a large number of @entity1 annually. Thirty-two percent had a moderate number and 40% had a large number of @entity1 receiving intravesical therapy annually. Immunotherapy was preferred in @entity1 at high risk of recurrence. Intravesical chemotherapy was preferred by many for immunotherapy failure. The type of practice and year of graduation were the factors most frequently affecting treatment choice. CONCLUSIONS: Practice preferences for the management of @entity150 are in general agreement with the American Urological Association Bladder Cancer Guidelines Panel recommendations. However, 81% of surveyed urologists were still reluctant to refer @entity1 with high-grade Ta-T1 disease with failure after intravesical immunotherapy twice for more aggressive therapy such as cystectomy or radiotherapy.

title: Contemporary management of XXXX in the United States: a pattern of care analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'superficial bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['superficial bladder cancer']


abstract: Mutations of the TSH receptor leading to constitutive activation of the @entity268 cascade are responsible for the development of hot nodules, if arising in a somatic cell, and nonautoimmune @entity1378 , when occurring in a germinal cell. An animal model of constitutive activation of the thyroid @entity268 cascade has been obtained by generating @entity19 expressing the @entity859 receptor (Tg-A2aR) under the control of the thyroglobulin promoter. These @entity19 develop huge @entity5651 and die prematurely due to @entity1378 induced @entity712 . To identify new genes involved in the tumorigenic pathway of the thyroid, we designed a protocol using microarray technology to study the differential expression, between normal and transgenic thyroid, of +/-13,000 genes. A total of 360 genes or expressed sequence tags showed a strong modulation with background corrected values of fluorescence superior to 2-fold change. The modulated genes were classified according to their proposed gene ontology functions. Approximately half of them were up-regulated. The function of the majority of these genes in thyroid physiology is still to be determined. Some of them, like @entity7424 or @entity10246 or 5, may play an important role in the development of thyroid nodules through paracrine mechanisms. This study demonstrates the feasibility of sequentially following the cascade of events leading to the formation of @entity5 such as hot thyroid nodule or hyperfunctional @entity5651 .

title: Gene expression profile in thyroid of @entity19 overexpressing the XXXX receptor 2a.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['goiter', 'goiters']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: Mutations of the TSH receptor leading to constitutive activation of the @entity268 cascade are responsible for the development of hot nodules, if arising in a somatic cell, and nonautoimmune @entity1378 , when occurring in a germinal cell. An animal model of constitutive activation of the thyroid @entity268 cascade has been obtained by generating @entity19 expressing the @entity859 receptor (Tg-A2aR) under the control of the thyroglobulin promoter. These @entity19 develop huge @entity5651 and die prematurely due to @entity1378 induced @entity712 . To identify new genes involved in the tumorigenic pathway of the thyroid, we designed a protocol using microarray technology to study the differential expression, between normal and transgenic thyroid, of +/-13,000 genes. A total of 360 genes or expressed sequence tags showed a strong modulation with background corrected values of fluorescence superior to 2-fold change. The modulated genes were classified according to their proposed gene ontology functions. Approximately half of them were up-regulated. The function of the majority of these genes in thyroid physiology is still to be determined. Some of them, like @entity7424 or @entity10246 or 5, may play an important role in the development of thyroid nodules through paracrine mechanisms. This study demonstrates the feasibility of sequentially following the cascade of events leading to the formation of @entity5 such as hot thyroid nodule or hyperfunctional @entity5651 .

title: Gene expression profile in thyroid of XXXX overexpressing the @entity859 receptor 2a.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: In the phytopathogenic fungus @entity3121 , pheromone-mediated cell fusion is a prerequisite for the generation of the infectious dikaryon. The pheromone signal elevates transcription of the pheromone genes and elicits formation of conjugation hyphae. @entity1919 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling are involved in this process. The MAPK cascade is presumed to be composed of Ubc4 (MAPK kinase kinase), Fuz7 (MAPK kinase), and Ubc3/Kpp2 (MAPK). We isolated the kpp4 gene and found it to be allelic to ubc4. Epistasis analyses with constitutively active alleles of kpp4 and fuz7 substantiate that Kpp4, Fuz7, and Kpp2/Ubc3 are components of the same module. Moreover, we demonstrate that Fuz7 activates Kpp2 and shows interactions in vitro. Signaling via this cascade regulates expression of pheromone-responsive genes, presumably through acting on the transcription factor Prf1. Interestingly, the same cascade is needed for conjugation tube formation, and this process does not involve Prf1. In addition, fuz7 as well as kpp4 deletion strains are nonpathogenic, while kpp2 deletion mutants are only attenuated in pathogenesis. Here we show that strains expressing the unphosphorylatable allele kpp2( @entity70593 / @entity70594 ) are severely affected in @entity5 induction and @entity154 in early infection-related differentiation.

title: Mating and pathogenic development of the Smut fungus XXXX are regulated by one mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['display defects']

entities_list: @entity3121 :: ('5270', 'Species') :: ['Ustilago maydis']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity3121 :: (5270,Species) :: ['Ustilago maydis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spontaneous @entity1779 is a major cause of @entity204 and disability, yet there is no convincing evidence of the benefit of any medical treatment and the role of surgery remains controversial. The international randomized @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) provided an opportunity to assess the role of surgery within the centers taking part. METHODS: Screening logs were completed to record details of all @entity1 assessed by the department, whether they were included in the trial, the reasons if they were not included, and whether they underwent surgery. RESULTS: Logs were returned by 42 centers and cover 704 months. They include details on 1578 @entity1 with characteristics comparable to @entity1779 inclusion criteria. Neurosurgeons were more likely to express clinical certainty about treatment for older @entity1 , @entity1 with a higher Glasgow @entity772 Score scale, and @entity1 in whom the @entity1410 was located on the right or in the basal ganglia or thalamus. @entity1 for whom the neurosurgeon was certain about treatment were more likely to have the @entity1410 removed if they were younger (62 versus 68 years of age), had a lower Glasgow @entity772 Scale score (10 versus 13), and had a lobar @entity1410 (49% versus 40%). The operation rate varied between 74% in Lithuania and 2% in Hungary. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in operation rates could not be explained by differences in @entity1 characteristics alone. This finding demonstrates the need for further evidence to ensure that treatment for @entity1779 is not governed by local custom.

title: International variations in surgical practice for spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Hemorrhage', 'intracerebral hemorrhage', 'STICH']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of specialist @entity64 ( @entity64 ) care of @entity64 @entity1 , there is still disagreement over how these units are best organized. We sought to clarify the role of continuous monitoring of physiological parameters in acute @entity385 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 268 first-ever @entity385 @entity1 admitted to our Cerebrovascular Department and allocated, according to the availability of beds, to the @entity64 or Cerebrovascular Unit (CU). Statistical analysis compared mortality and outcome at discharge, medical and @entity16 , and length of hospitalization in the 2 care settings. RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-eight @entity1 were enrolled. A good outcome at discharge, observed in 114 @entity64 @entity1 (85%) and 78 CU @entity1 (58%) (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.8; P<0.02), was found, on multivariate analysis, to be significantly related to type of care ( @entity64 versus CU). A significantly greater proportion of @entity64 @entity1 showed adverse changes in monitored parameters, which required acute medical treatment ( @entity64 : 64%; CU: 19%; P<0.0001). The mean duration of these complications was significantly shorter in the @entity64 @entity1 ( @entity64 : 1.0 day; CU: 2.4 days; P<0.02), and the outcome in @entity1 experiencing complications covered by the monitoring protocol was significantly better in the @entity64 (66%) than in the CU (35%) group (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Admission of @entity64 @entity1 to a monitoring @entity64 may positively influence their outcome at discharge. Confirmation of our findings in larger trials will indicate the need for a revision of the minimum requirements of SUs, with the addition of monitoring as a new requirement.

title: Role of monitoring in management of acute XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['SU', 'stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke Unit']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of specialist @entity64 ( @entity64 ) care of @entity64 @entity1 , there is still disagreement over how these units are best organized. We sought to clarify the role of continuous monitoring of physiological parameters in acute @entity385 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 268 first-ever @entity385 @entity1 admitted to our Cerebrovascular Department and allocated, according to the availability of beds, to the @entity64 or Cerebrovascular Unit (CU). Statistical analysis compared mortality and outcome at discharge, medical and @entity16 , and length of hospitalization in the 2 care settings. RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-eight @entity1 were enrolled. A good outcome at discharge, observed in 114 @entity64 @entity1 (85%) and 78 CU @entity1 (58%) (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.8; P<0.02), was found, on multivariate analysis, to be significantly related to type of care ( @entity64 versus CU). A significantly greater proportion of @entity64 @entity1 showed adverse changes in monitored parameters, which required acute medical treatment ( @entity64 : 64%; CU: 19%; P<0.0001). The mean duration of these complications was significantly shorter in the @entity64 @entity1 ( @entity64 : 1.0 day; CU: 2.4 days; P<0.02), and the outcome in @entity1 experiencing complications covered by the monitoring protocol was significantly better in the @entity64 (66%) than in the CU (35%) group (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Admission of @entity64 @entity1 to a monitoring @entity64 may positively influence their outcome at discharge. Confirmation of our findings in larger trials will indicate the need for a revision of the minimum requirements of SUs, with the addition of monitoring as a new requirement.

title: Role of monitoring in management of acute @entity385 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity5 cell contamination of autologous peripheral blood stem cell samples (PBSC) and bone marrow (BM) is frequent. Enrichment of @entity2280 + stem cells is a promising approach to purging @entity5 cells from autografts without damaging progenitor cells. @entity0 cells were seeded (10(-3)-10(-7)) into mononuclear cells from @entity1261 -mobilised PBSC and BM harvests from @entity1 without @entity0 . @entity2280 + cells were enriched from mixtures either by immunomagnetic separation (Isolex-50, and MiniMACS) or by @entity1885 -streptavidin immunoaffinity columns (Ceprate-LC). @entity2280 + cell fractions were determined by FACS, @entity5 cells were detected immunocytochemically with an anti-pancytokeratin antibody. The @entity2280 + cells were enriched with a median purity of 92.2% (43.5-96.1) (n = 17) (Isolex-50), 96.5% (66.6-99.2) (n = 17) (MiniMACS) and 77.9% (31.4-93.6) (n = 15) (Ceprate-LC) from PBSC and BM harvests. The percentages of median recovery of @entity2280 + cells were 30.8% (18.6-71.8) (Isolex-50), 69.9% (39.1-100) (MiniMACS) and 42.9% (23.7-100) (Ceprate-LC). The median @entity5 cell reductions in log steps were 3.7 (2.9-4.3) (n = 13) (Isolex-50), 3.5 (2.6-4.3) (n = 13) (MiniMACS) and 1.5 (0.9-2.9) (n = 17) (Ceprate-LC). Results were compared statistically by univariate analysis. Purity was significantly (P < 0.05) better after MiniMACS selection. Recovery rates were significantly different between all devices tested. @entity5 cell purging was superior after immunomagnetic separation (P < 0.001). @entity5 cell purging is a main objective of @entity2280 + selection in the autologous setting. Our in vitro data clearly indicate that immunomagnetic separation is more efficient in the prevention of accidental reinfusion of contaminating @entity5 cells compared to immunoaffinity. However, it is not yet known if the same results can be obtained with fresh contaminating @entity5 cells.

title: Purging and haemopoietic progenitor cell selection by XXXX + cell separation.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: This study analyzed the occlusions of 489 @entity1 at the onset of the mixed dentition period (mean age 5.1 years, range 4.0-7.8 years). These @entity1 participate in an ongoing clinical trial that is investigating the effects of orthodontic intervention in the early mixed dentition. The aim was to report the occlusal findings at the baseline. The frequencies of mesial step, flush terminal plane, and distal step were 19.1%, 47.8%, and 33.1%, respectively. The @entity235 relationship was Class I in 46.1%, Class II in 52.4%, and Class III in 1.5% of the sides examined. An asymmetrical @entity235 relationship was found in 30.1% of the @entity1 , significantly more often on the right side than on the left (P <.001). Overjet ranged from -2 to +10 mm with a mean of 2.9 mm. Overbite ranged from -5 to +8 mm with a mean of 2.8 mm. Excessive (> or =4 mm) overjet was found in 26.7% and overbite in 33.8% of the @entity1 ; in 15.5% of the @entity1 , both variables were 4 mm or more. Anterior crowding was detected in the maxillary arch in 11.6% and in the mandibular arch in 38.9% of the @entity1 . @entity1 showed mandibular crowding more often than @entity1 (P <.01). A posterior crossbite was found in 7.5% of the @entity1 , unilaterally in 6.4% and bilaterally in 1.1%. Scissors-bite was detected in 1.1% and an anterior crossbite in 2.2% of the @entity1 . The mean maximal opening was 40.3 mm. Joint sounds were registered in 5.2% of the @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity3232 was between 67.7% and 92.7%, depending on the values of unacceptable parameters used for each occlusal characteristic.

title: Occurrence of XXXX and need of orthodontic treatment in early mixed dentition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

answer: @entity3232 :: (MESH:D008310,Disease) :: ['malocclusion']


abstract: The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been implicated in ischaemic, excitotoxic and traumatic @entity75 in rodents. The naturally occurring @entity19646 ( @entity19646 ) markedly reduces @entity528 in these conditions. However, the effects of @entity19646 on focal, @entity1779 in the @entity35 , which is of major clinical relevance, have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to test the effects of @entity19646 on cell death after @entity1779 , and to investigate the therapeutic time window for @entity19646 treatment. Ischaemia was induced by temporary (60 min) occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in @entity35 , via surgical insertion (and subsequent removal) of a thread into the internal carotid artery. Damage was quantified at various times after MCAO to investigate the temporal progression of damage and establish an appropriate time to assess the effects of @entity19646 on cell death. Cell death was complete 18-24 h after temporary MCAO. Intracerebroventricular injection of @entity19646 (10 microg) at the time of MCAO and 60 min later reduced the lesion volume measured 24 h (57% reduction) or 48 h (52% reduction) after MCAO. Cell death was also significantly reduced when @entity19646 (20 microg) was administered as a single injection, 1 h (47%), 2 h (57%) or 3 h (46%) after MCAO, when compared to vehicle. These data show that @entity19646 markedly reduces cell death even when administration is delayed until 3 h after induction of reversible, focal @entity1779 in the @entity35 , and support our proposal that @entity19646 may be of therapeutic benefit in @entity64 .

title: Delayed administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protects against XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['transient cerebral ischaemia', 'cerebral ischaemia', 'temporary cerebral ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['transient cerebral ischaemia']


abstract: The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been implicated in ischaemic, excitotoxic and traumatic @entity75 in rodents. The naturally occurring @entity19646 ( @entity19646 ) markedly reduces @entity528 in these conditions. However, the effects of @entity19646 on focal, @entity1779 in the @entity35 , which is of major clinical relevance, have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to test the effects of @entity19646 on cell death after @entity1779 , and to investigate the therapeutic time window for @entity19646 treatment. Ischaemia was induced by temporary (60 min) occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in @entity35 , via surgical insertion (and subsequent removal) of a thread into the internal carotid artery. Damage was quantified at various times after MCAO to investigate the temporal progression of damage and establish an appropriate time to assess the effects of @entity19646 on cell death. Cell death was complete 18-24 h after temporary MCAO. Intracerebroventricular injection of @entity19646 (10 microg) at the time of MCAO and 60 min later reduced the lesion volume measured 24 h (57% reduction) or 48 h (52% reduction) after MCAO. Cell death was also significantly reduced when @entity19646 (20 microg) was administered as a single injection, 1 h (47%), 2 h (57%) or 3 h (46%) after MCAO, when compared to vehicle. These data show that @entity19646 markedly reduces cell death even when administration is delayed until 3 h after induction of reversible, focal @entity1779 in the @entity35 , and support our proposal that @entity19646 may be of therapeutic benefit in @entity64 .

title: Delayed administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protects against @entity1779 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The @entity51051 (MIM 181450) includes @entity70595 , @entity851 , delayed @entity4998 , and mammary and apocrine gland @entity509 . @entity27832 (MIM 113300) presents with shortening of the metacarpals and phalanges in the ulnar ray in association with moderately @entity851 . We describe a three-generation family with variable expression of @entity29284 , @entity14883 , ulnar ray defects and @entity851 . The proband had @entity29284 with missing IV-Vth fingers, fibular @entity509 on the right, bilateral @entity5149 , @entity851 , a hypoplastic mid-face, an @entity2438 and @entity2695 . She had normal mammary tissue and normal sweating. The mother had @entity851 , @entity2094 , a hypoplastic ulna and @entity509 of the IVth metacarpal ( @entity14883 ) on the right without other associated @entity600 . The maternal grandfather had mild @entity3030 and midphalangeal @entity14883 of the @entity2611 . His sister had mild @entity851 and shortening of the IVth metacarpal of the left hand. Two-point linkage analysis with microsatellite markers spanning the Ulnar-Mammary locus at 12q24.1 did not confirm linkage. The @entity1 may have a previously undescribed syndrome.

title: Ulnar/fibular ray defect and XXXX in a family: a possible new autosomal dominant syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity29284 :: ('MESH:C538069', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar hypoplasia', 'ulnar/fibular hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of growth', 'growth retardation', 'short stature']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['sexual development']

entities_list: @entity51051 :: ('MESH:C536937', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar-mammary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity3030 :: ('MESH:D020427', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral fibular hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity27832 :: ('MESH:C566194', 'Disease') :: ['Brachydactyly type E']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2094 :: ('MESH:C537559', 'Disease') :: ['midfacial hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity70595 :: ('MESH:C536622', 'Disease') :: ['postaxial ray defects']

entities_list: @entity14883 :: ('MESH:D059327', 'Disease') :: ['brachydactyly']

answer: @entity14883 :: (MESH:D059327,Disease) :: ['brachydactyly']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity18711 consists of a @entity43 accompanied by @entity843 and hydrothorax. Elevated serum CA 125 levels in postmenopausal @entity1 with solid adnexal masses, @entity843 and @entity1143 are highly suggestive for @entity43 . However, @entity1 with @entity18711 can also have elevated serum CA 125 levels. The authors report a case of @entity18711 with elevated CA 125 level. OBJECTIVE: This is a case report of @entity18711 with elevated CA 125 level. CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old Brazilian @entity1 had presented progressive @entity1353 , @entity353 and decline in general condition over the 7 months preceding admission to our service. In another hospital, the @entity1 had been submitted to thoracic drainage due to @entity1143 . With recurrence of the @entity1143 and increase in abdominal volume due to @entity843 and a pelvic mass, the @entity1 sought our service. Transvaginal ultrasound showed an extensive adnexal solid mass of 16.4 x 10.8 cm located in the pelvis without exact limits, and the serum CA 125 level was elevated. With a preoperative diagnosis of @entity43 , the @entity1 was submitted to exploratory laparotomy, which revealed @entity43 . The frozen section diagnosis was @entity17815 . Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. The histology of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of @entity17815 . The @entity1 was asymptomatic with a normal serum CA 125 level 20 months after the operation.

title: XXXX with elevated CA 125: case report.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'a left ovarian tumor', 'benign ovarian tumor', 'malignant ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity18711 :: ('MESH:D008538', 'Disease') :: ["Meigs' syndrome"]

answer: @entity18711 :: (MESH:D008538,Disease) :: ['Meigs' syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increased incidence of paediatric @entity30 was reported recently by our group. AIMS: To assess the incidence and characteristics of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in northern Stockholm between 1990 and 2001. METHODS: All records of individuals 0-15 years of age with suspected @entity29 in the population based catchment area of 180000 individuals were scrutinised using defined diagnostic criteria. @entity1 files were searched for relatives with @entity29 , and for concomitant @entity792 . RESULTS: A total of 152 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity29 , corresponding to an overall incidence (per 100000) of @entity29 of 7.4. The incidence of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) was 4.9, @entity31 ( @entity31 ) 2.2, and indeterminate @entity1960 0.2. Between 1990 and 2001, there was a marked increase in the incidence of @entity30 while the incidence of @entity31 was almost unchanged, leading to a net increase in the overall occurrence of @entity29 . There was a male dominance of @entity30 . Fourteen per cent and 11% of @entity1 with @entity30 and @entity31 , respectively, had a first or second degree relative with @entity29 . Eighteen per cent and 10% of @entity1 with @entity30 and @entity31 , respectively, had a concomitant @entity792 . Ten @entity1 with @entity30 (10%) underwent surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity30 has increased in northern Stockholm. The current incidence is higher than that reported from other areas. Our results suggest a shift in presentation and diagnosis from @entity31 towards @entity30 , but also a net increase in @entity29 . Concomitant @entity792 and family history are common in paediatric @entity29 .

title: Changing pattern of paediatric XXXX in northern Stockholm 1990-2001.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This paper has by objective to study the @entity2332 's presence, presentation form and consequences in our environment. METHODS: A prospective study in hypothermic @entity1 assisted in the Medical Clinic Emergency Service of Santa @entity13389 of S o Paulo, with 212 @entity1 with mild, moderate and serious @entity2332 from 1987 to 2001, the most part of them constituted by chronic alcoholics and homeless. The results were analyzed in reference to sex, age group, central temperature, electrocardiogram, co-morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: The @entity2332 prevailed in the male sex with 75.9%. As age group prevailed the age between 30 and 59 years. In 70.3% of the @entity1 the central temperature went lower than 32 C, and in 26.4% of these, the temperature was lower than 28 C. The association with infectious processes happened in 76.8% of the cases. The @entity1 with mild @entity2332 answered better at therapeutics (96.8%) when compared with the moderate hypothermic (72.1%) and serious (87.5%) @entity1 . The Osborn's wave was present in 42.6% of the @entity1 . The general mortality was 38.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2332 in Emergency Services from Tropical Country is an undeniable fact. The paramedic and medics should be alert and trained to recognize this disease of high morbidity and mortality. The mortality increases with the presence of associated diseases, particularly infectious processes, @entity5882 .

title: [Accidental XXXX cases in a tropical country].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5882 :: ('MESH:D006519', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition and chronic alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['accidental hypothermia', 'hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Oxidative stress has been described as 'a disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. In @entity1381 @entity1 , an increase in oxidative stress may occur because of the @entity177 , and may be exacerbated by dialysis. This review will focus on the emerging biochemical evidence of an increase in oxidative stress in @entity1381 @entity1 , the relationship with renal replacement therapy, and the potential linkages to acute-phase @entity32 , @entity3147 , and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in @entity1381 @entity1 . RECENT FINDINGS: Many studies from multiple research laboratories around the world have recently utilized in-vivo biomarkers to describe increased oxidative stress in @entity1381 @entity1 . An emerging literature suggests that there are links between an increase in oxidative stress, @entity409 , an increase in acute-phase @entity32 , and an accelerated risk of @entity65 in dialysis @entity1 . Additional @entity5507 -associated @entity209 , including @entity3562 , intravenous @entity68 exposure, and biocompatibility changes related to dialysis, may contribute to an increase in oxidative stress. Finally, two well-conducted pilot clinical randomized trials have suggested that antioxidant therapy may have efficacy in reducing cardiovascular events in @entity1381 @entity1 . SUMMARY: The implications of the findings of a generalized increase in oxidative stress associated with @entity5507 have led to the suggestion that antioxidative therapy may be efficacious in reducing @entity65 . Pilot studies have suggested potential efficacy for this approach. However, further large-scale randomized clinical trials will be required to establish a compelling, evidence-based approach to the use of antioxidants in @entity1 with @entity5507 .

title: Oxidative stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['loss of residual renal function']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity5507 :: (MESH:D014511,Disease) :: ['uremia']


abstract: @entity1 protein Z is a @entity2067 -dependent plasma glycoprotein, deficiency of which leads to a mild @entity548 tendency. Protein Z appears to assist hemostasis by binding thrombin and promoting its association with phospholipid vesicles. In this study, to characterize the gene for protein Z, its organization and structure were determined by a combination of PCR amplification of leukocyte DNA and isolation of phage clones from a @entity1 genomic library. The gene spanned about 14 kb and consisted of 9 exons including one alternative exon. It was of note that the gene organization was essentially identical to that of other @entity2067 -dependent proteins, such as factors VII, IX, and X and protein C. The nucleotides in introns at exon/intron boundaries for eight regular exons were the consensus GT-AG sequences. In contrast, the sequence at an optional exon/intron junction was found to be GC rather than GT. The extra exon inserts a unique peptide consisting of 22 @entity1522 in the prepro-leader sequence. A similar situation was previously observed in factor VII, but not in other @entity2067 -dependent plasma proteins. We also assigned the gene for protein Z to chromosome 13 by PCR amplification of genomic DNAs from @entity1 /hamster cell hybrids. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, employing a genomic clone coding for @entity1 protein Z, further localized the gene to band q34, where the genes of three other @entity2067 -dependent proteins are clustered. These genes may have evolved via duplication of an ancestral gene at this locus.

title: The gene for XXXX protein Z is localized to chromosome 13 at band q34 and is coded by eight regular exons and one alternative exon.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe laparoscopically assisted anorectovaginoplasty (LAARVP) for the repair of selected types of female @entity2463 . METHODS: Five cases (case 1, @entity3622 with a high rectum; case 2, rectovestibular @entity292 with double vagina; case 3, rectovestibular @entity292 with absent vagina; case 4, @entity292 with absent vagina; case 5, cloaca) were reviewed. RESULTS: @entity1 4 had undergone a posterior sagittal anorectoplasty without vaginoplasty at another hospital after misdiagnosis of @entity292 . Mean age at LAARVP was 15.4 months. At LAARVP, the @entity292 was divided in cases 1 through 4 and dissected as low as possible in case 5. In cases 3 and 4, the distal @entity292 was used to create the neovagina. In cases 1 through 3, the proximal rectum was mobilized and brought through the pelvic floor sphincter muscles using Georgeson's laparoscopically assisted colon pull-through technique through a minimal perineal incision. A posterior sagittal incision was required in cases 4 and 5. However, the initial laparoscopic approach was very helpful in both cases. Currently, all @entity1 are well after a mean follow-up period of 32.2 months. Mean current age is 4.0 years. @entity1 1 through 3 are continent, @entity1 4 is incontinent with soiling, and @entity1 5 is too young to be evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: LAARVP helps to achieve low dissection of the @entity292 , gives optimal view of the pelvic organs, provides accurate placement of the anorectal pull-through, and minimizes abdominal perineal scars.

title: Laparoscopically assisted anorectovaginoplasty for selected types of female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'simple anovestibular fistula', 'anovestibular fistula']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformation']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistula']

answer: @entity2463 :: (MESH:C537771,Disease) :: ['anorectal malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several factors are implicated in transabdominal testicular descent, including insulinlike factor 3 ( @entity36384 ) hormone and M  llerian-inhibiting substance (MIS). A transgene insertional mutation found on chromosome 5 in the @entity19 , known as @entity53617 , causes deletion of a transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor gene, Great, which is highly expressed in the gubernaculum. The authors describe here a detailed analysis of the testicular descent and gubernacular development in @entity53617 @entity19 to determine the role of the Great gene in this process. METHODS: Homozygous ( @entity53617 / @entity53617 ) mutant and wild-type heterozygous ( @entity53617 /+) @entity19 were examined at birth (D 0) and at days 10 (D 10) and 30 (D 30) postnatally. Serial sagittal or coronal sections were analyzed for position of the gonads and cremaster sac development. RESULTS: Transabdominal testicular descent was absent at D 0 in @entity53617 / @entity53617 homozygous @entity19 with no swelling reaction in the gubernacula. By D 10 the cremaster sac was significantly thinner (P <.05) and contained less collagen in the mutants than in the wild-type controls. On D 30 the cremaster sacs of mutant males were similar in thickness to those in females. CONCLUSIONS: Disruption of the Great gene causes failure of the transabdominal phase of descent, identical to that seen in the @entity36384 -deficient mutants, consistent with the recent data suggesting that Great gene encodes the @entity36384 transmembrane receptor. No differences between D 30 mutant males and females were found in the gubernacula, suggesting that @entity36384 /Great signaling regulates gubernacular development.

title: Transabdominal testicular descent is disrupted in XXXX with deletion of insulinlike factor 3 receptor.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although of great importance to clinicians, hospitals, and health care systems, little is known about factors that influence treatment satisfaction after @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). The objective of this study was to identify potentially modifiable factors associated with treatment satisfaction 7 months after @entity1187 . METHODS: The study population included 1957 @entity1 with @entity1187 who were enrolled in the multicenter, prospective Veterans' Health Administration Access to Cardiology Study. The primary outcome was treatment satisfaction 7 months after @entity1187 as measured by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Multivariable regression models were developed to determine the association between treatment satisfaction and @entity1 characteristics, physician- @entity1 communication, and current angina frequency. RESULTS: @entity1 characteristics associated with reduced treatment satisfaction included a history of @entity308 , @entity955 , prior heart surgery, @entity625 , @entity101 , younger age, and a discharge diagnosis of @entity1459 (as opposed to @entity583 ). After adjusting for @entity1 characteristics, @entity1 -reported inability to reach one or more of their physicians (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.47 to 3.91), being given confusing information (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 2.08 to 5.83), and poor overall communication with one or more of their physicians (OR, 4.94; 95% CI, 2.93 to 8.34) were all associated with reduced satisfaction. Finally, after adjustment for both @entity1 characteristics and physician communication, weekly (OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 2.28 to 5.45) and daily angina (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 2.23 to 6.75) were associated with worse treatment satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Current @entity951 and aspects of physician communication are independently associated with treatment satisfaction after @entity1187 . These results suggest that treatment satisfaction may be improved through better communication and better control of @entity951 .

title: Impact of angina burden and other factors on treatment satisfaction after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina symptoms']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In an attempt to find a more sensitive and specific non-invasive diagnostic assay for the detection of @entity150 cells, the authors assayed the exfoliated cells from @entity1 's voided urine and bladder washing fluids for the presence of telomerase, an enzyme that maintains a cell's chromosomal length, metalloproteinase-9 ( @entity1495 ), which has been associated with @entity5 cell invasion and @entity3 . Their results were compared with both voided urine cytology (VUC) and bladder wash cytology (BWC) for the detection of @entity150 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors used preoperative voided morning urine samples from 110 subjects for telomerase, @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) and cytology. Bladder wash samples were obtained for telomerase and cytology. Of 110 cases 73 were histologically diagnosed as @entity150 , whereas the remaining 16 had benign @entity5450 . A group of 21 healthy volunteers were also enrolled in this study. Cystoscopy was done for all @entity1 as the reference standard for the identification of @entity150 . Biopsy of any suspicious lesion was performed for histopathological examination. RESULTS: Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal threshold values for telomerase activity in urine, bladder wash and @entity1495 [0.05, 0.088 and 0.51 (ng/ml), respectively]. The levels and the positivity rates of telomerase activity and @entity1495 were significantly higher in the malignant group compared to either the benign group or normal controls. @entity150 @entity1 with positive cytology revealed positive telomerase activity in urine, bladder wash, and @entity1495 in 92%, 87% and 61%, respectively. Also, these positive rates were significantly higher in bilharzial @entity150 cases (88%, 89%, 69%, respectively) compared to non-bilharzial cases (50%, 62.5%, 50%). The overall sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 88.6%, 86.3% and 78.3% for telomerase activity in urine, and in bladder wash, respectively. 66.6% and 80% for @entity1495 , 58.5% and 100% for voided urine cytology and 64.4% and 100% for bladder wash cytology. Combined sensitivity of VUC with the 2 biomarkers together was higher than either combined sensitivity of VUC with one of the biomarkers or than that of the biomarker alone. CONCLUSION: Urinary telomerase and @entity1495 had superior sensitivities over VUC; moreover, combined use of these markers increased the sensitivity of cytology from 58.46% to 95%. The higher sensitivities of markers in bilharzial @entity150 than non-bilharzial type highlight their clinical utility in screening @entity1 with @entity2040 .

title: Diagnostic value of urinary molecular markers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urological disorders']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bilharziasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that various inflammatory diseases, such as @entity6 , @entity565 , chronic @entity29 , and @entity309 , are in some circumstances genetically linked to the same chromosomal regions. Consequently, common genes underlying the pathogenetics of these diseases have been proposed. Chronic inflammatory disorders can be subdivided by their predominant immune response, either @entity1198 or TH2. For example, @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) is a @entity1198 disease, and @entity565 is a TH2 disease. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the polymorphism @entity70596 within the @entity4047 gene, a strong TH2 cytokine. We attempted to determine whether it is associated with these 2 diseases and whether this would reflect the @entity1198 /TH2 paradigm. METHODS: @entity70596 was typed in 4 different populations: asthmatic @entity1 , atopic @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity4932 , and a control population. Statistical analysis was performed by using logistic and linear regression analysis of serum IgE levels and the Armitage trend test. RESULTS: The variant @entity7647 110 was shown to be associated with increased total serum IgE levels in our atopic population (P =.006) and was weakly associated with @entity565 (P =.04). There was no association of the variant with @entity4932 when compared with the control population. However, the variant Gln110 was significantly less frequent in @entity1 with @entity4932 compared with its presence in @entity1 with @entity565 (P =.007). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to compare the same gene variant in @entity1198 and TH2 chronic inflammatory diseases. The results suggest that the same gene variant might protect from one disease and make an individual susceptible to the other.

title: Association study of the XXXX variant @entity70596 in atopic diseases and @entity4932 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity70596 :: ('p|SUB|R|110|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg110Gln']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity4047 :: (3596,Gene) :: ['IL13']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that various inflammatory diseases, such as @entity6 , @entity565 , chronic @entity29 , and @entity309 , are in some circumstances genetically linked to the same chromosomal regions. Consequently, common genes underlying the pathogenetics of these diseases have been proposed. Chronic inflammatory disorders can be subdivided by their predominant immune response, either @entity1198 or TH2. For example, @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) is a @entity1198 disease, and @entity565 is a TH2 disease. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the polymorphism @entity70596 within the @entity4047 gene, a strong TH2 cytokine. We attempted to determine whether it is associated with these 2 diseases and whether this would reflect the @entity1198 /TH2 paradigm. METHODS: @entity70596 was typed in 4 different populations: asthmatic @entity1 , atopic @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity4932 , and a control population. Statistical analysis was performed by using logistic and linear regression analysis of serum IgE levels and the Armitage trend test. RESULTS: The variant @entity7647 110 was shown to be associated with increased total serum IgE levels in our atopic population (P =.006) and was weakly associated with @entity565 (P =.04). There was no association of the variant with @entity4932 when compared with the control population. However, the variant Gln110 was significantly less frequent in @entity1 with @entity4932 compared with its presence in @entity1 with @entity565 (P =.007). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to compare the same gene variant in @entity1198 and TH2 chronic inflammatory diseases. The results suggest that the same gene variant might protect from one disease and make an individual susceptible to the other.

title: Association study of the @entity4047 variant @entity70596 in atopic diseases and XXXX .

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that various inflammatory diseases, such as @entity6 , @entity565 , chronic @entity29 , and @entity309 , are in some circumstances genetically linked to the same chromosomal regions. Consequently, common genes underlying the pathogenetics of these diseases have been proposed. Chronic inflammatory disorders can be subdivided by their predominant immune response, either @entity1198 or TH2. For example, @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) is a @entity1198 disease, and @entity565 is a TH2 disease. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the polymorphism @entity70596 within the @entity4047 gene, a strong TH2 cytokine. We attempted to determine whether it is associated with these 2 diseases and whether this would reflect the @entity1198 /TH2 paradigm. METHODS: @entity70596 was typed in 4 different populations: asthmatic @entity1 , atopic @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity4932 , and a control population. Statistical analysis was performed by using logistic and linear regression analysis of serum IgE levels and the Armitage trend test. RESULTS: The variant @entity7647 110 was shown to be associated with increased total serum IgE levels in our atopic population (P =.006) and was weakly associated with @entity565 (P =.04). There was no association of the variant with @entity4932 when compared with the control population. However, the variant Gln110 was significantly less frequent in @entity1 with @entity4932 compared with its presence in @entity1 with @entity565 (P =.007). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to compare the same gene variant in @entity1198 and TH2 chronic inflammatory diseases. The results suggest that the same gene variant might protect from one disease and make an individual susceptible to the other.

title: Association study of the @entity4047 variant XXXX in atopic diseases and @entity4932 .

answer: @entity70596 :: (p|SUB|R|110|Q,ProteinMutation) :: ['Arg110Gln']


abstract: In the present study, the records of 242 @entity1 , aged 1-14 years, admitted with perforating @entity4858 were reviewed retrospectively over a 5-year period. There were 175 @entity1 and 67 @entity1 in the study group. The @entity1 were divided into 3 groups according to their ages. Perforating injuries occurred most frequently in the street in all groups. The second most common place of the injury was at home in the 1-9 year-olds and in the fields in the 10-14 year-olds. The cause of the perforation was a metallic substance in 32.6%, wood in 15.3%, stone in 12.0%, glass in 12.3%, pellets in 12%, and injection needles in 8.3%. Most of the perforations occurred during unsupervised play, while all perforations with glass occurred during traffic accidents. Surgery was performed in 234 @entity1 , while 8 @entity1 in whom spontaneous closure had already occurred during admission received only medical treatment. In 28.9% the visual acuity was undetermined, in 25.7% the visual acuity was 0.1 or more, in 22.7% the visual acuity was between 0.06 and light perception, and in 22.7% there was no light perception on final evaluation. It is emphasized that educative and legislative measures such as informing the parents, teachers and @entity1 about the causative factors and potential hazards of perforating @entity4858 and restricting the availability of dangerous items to @entity1 , should be taken into consideration in order to prevent perforating @entity4858 in @entity1 .

title: Etiology of pediatric perforating XXXX in southern Turkey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular injuries', 'ocular injury']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['eye injuries']


abstract: @entity2008 is implicated in @entity1 @entity5 and @entity74 . Mechanisms generating chromosomal rearrangements may be shared by a variety of organisms. Spontaneous chromosomal rearrangements, especially large deletions, take place at high frequency in isolates that escape from heterokaryon incompatibility in @entity1980 . In this study, chromosomal rearrangements were detected in strains that had escaped from het-c heterokaryon incompatibility in @entity1980 . A vc1 mutant carried a 20-kbp deletion covering five ORFs. A vc2 mutant carried a complex chromosome rearrangement with an 8-kbp deletion covering three ORFs, a 34-bp deletion and an 80-kbp inversion. The break-points of chromosome rearrangements in the vc1 and vc2 mutants all have direct repeats of 2 bp, similar to the break-points of some chromosome rearrangements associated with @entity1 @entity5 and @entity74 . An ahc mutant carried a 31-kbp deletion covering at least 11 ORFs and a het-c deletion mutant carried a 7-kbp deletion covering two ORFs. Additional chromosomal rearrangements occurred in these two strains. These results indicate that escape from heterokaryon incompatibility can be used as a model system for chromosome rearrangement and DNA-repair studies. The impact of the chromosomal rearrangements is discussed, especially the deletion of the predicted ORFs on the phenotype of mutants.

title: Chromosome rearrangements in isolates that escape from het-c heterokaryon incompatibility in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa', 'N. crassa']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases', 'hereditary diseases']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal rearrangement']

answer: @entity1980 :: (5141,Species) :: ['Neurospora crassa']


abstract: The factors accounting for the maintenance of a low pulmonary vascular resistance postnatally are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that bronchial epithelium produces a factor capable of relaxing adjacent pulmonary arterial smooth muscle. We studied fourth-generation intralobar pulmonary arteries and bronchi of 4- to 8-day-old @entity35 . Arteries were mounted on a wire myograph, alone or with the adjacent bronchus. The presence of the attached bronchus significantly reduced pulmonary artery force generation induced by the @entity2871 analog ( @entity2872 ) or @entity4338 whether the endothelium was present or absent (P < 0.01). The converse was not true in that bronchial force generation was not affected when studied with the adjacent pulmonary artery. Mechanical removal of the bronchial epithelium or addition of the @entity842 (NO) synthase (NOS) nonspecific @entity7293 or the specific neuronal NOS ( @entity44211 ) inhibitors increased arterial force generation to levels comparable to the isolated artery preparation. Wortmannin, a @entity4357 3-kinase inhibitor, significantly decreased (P < 0.01) NO release of pulmonary arteries only when the adjacent bronchus was present. We conclude that bronchial epithelium in the newborn @entity35 produces a factor capable of lowering pulmonary vascular muscle tone. This relaxant effect can be suppressed by NOS and @entity4357 3-kinase kinase inhibition, suggesting an action via NOS phosphorylation and NO release. We speculate that such a mechanism may be operative in vivo and plays an important role in control of pulmonary vascular resistance in the early postnatal period.

title: A bronchial epithelium-derived factor reduces pulmonary vascular tone in the newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity44211 :: ('MESH:C080122', 'Chemical') :: ['7-nitroindazole']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['(N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine)']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A novel, extremely thermophilic bacterium, designated strain 17S(T), was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney at the Suiyo Seamount in the Izu-Bonin Arc, Japan. The cells were rods with no apparent motility, most of which were narrow in the middle in the exponential-growth phase and had @entity6734 at both ends. Growth was observed between 45 and 80 degrees C (optimum temperature, 70-75 degrees C; doubling time, 80 min) and between pH 5.0 and 7.0 (optimum pH, 5.4). The isolate was a strictly anaerobic chemolithoautotroph that was capable of using molecular @entity3884 as its sole energy source and @entity544 as its sole @entity505 source. Elemental @entity599 (S(0)) was required for growth as an electron acceptor. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences indicated that the isolate was related to Thermovibrio ruber ED11/3LLK(T) and @entity70597 (T), whilst it appeared to be a novel lineage prior to the divergence of these genera. This isolate could also be differentiated from both @entity56261 ED11/3LLK(T) and @entity70597 (T) on the basis of physiological properties. The name Balnearium lithotrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for this isolate (type strain, 17S(T)=JCM 11970(T)=ATCC BAA-736(T)).

title: Balnearium lithotrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, strictly anaerobic, XXXX -oxidizing chemolithoautotroph isolated from a black smoker chimney in the Suiyo Seamount hydrothermal system.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity70597 :: ('868864', 'Species') :: ['Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum BSA', 'D. thermolithotrophum BSA']

entities_list: @entity6734 :: ('MESH:C538282', 'Disease') :: ['several polar flagella']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity3884 :: (MESH:D006859,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen']


abstract: We investigated, in @entity19 , the influence of life experience on the vulnerability to @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ), a major neurotoxin that induces a @entity191 in @entity1 , and to @entity2072 , a potent psychostimulant that promotes @entity734 . Our findings show that adult C57BL/6 @entity19 raised in an enriched environment (EE) for only 2 months are significantly more resistant to both drugs compared with @entity19 raised in a standard environment (SE). Indeed, EE @entity19 showed @entity2915 in response to @entity2072 (10 and 20 mg/kg) as well as a different pattern of @entity9830 expression in the striatum compared with SE @entity19 . After @entity5212 treatment, SE @entity19 showed a 75% loss of @entity935 neurons, whereas EE @entity19 showed only a 40% loss. The @entity935 transporter plays a key role in mediating the effects of both drugs. We thus investigated the regulation of its expression. EE @entity19 showed less @entity935 transporter binding in the striatum and less @entity935 transporter mRNA per @entity935 neuron at the cellular level as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. In addition, enriched environment promoted an increase in the expression of @entity9140 in the striatum. These data provide a direct demonstration of the beneficial consequences that a positive environment has in preventing @entity179 and in decreasing responsiveness to @entity2072 . Furthermore, they suggest that the probability of developing @entity16 such as @entity191 or vulnerability to psychostimulants may be related to life experience.

title: Enriched environment confers resistance to @entity5212 and XXXX : involvement of @entity935 transporter and trophic factors.

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's disease-like syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['decreased locomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addiction']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: We investigated, in @entity19 , the influence of life experience on the vulnerability to @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ), a major neurotoxin that induces a @entity191 in @entity1 , and to @entity2072 , a potent psychostimulant that promotes @entity734 . Our findings show that adult C57BL/6 @entity19 raised in an enriched environment (EE) for only 2 months are significantly more resistant to both drugs compared with @entity19 raised in a standard environment (SE). Indeed, EE @entity19 showed @entity2915 in response to @entity2072 (10 and 20 mg/kg) as well as a different pattern of @entity9830 expression in the striatum compared with SE @entity19 . After @entity5212 treatment, SE @entity19 showed a 75% loss of @entity935 neurons, whereas EE @entity19 showed only a 40% loss. The @entity935 transporter plays a key role in mediating the effects of both drugs. We thus investigated the regulation of its expression. EE @entity19 showed less @entity935 transporter binding in the striatum and less @entity935 transporter mRNA per @entity935 neuron at the cellular level as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. In addition, enriched environment promoted an increase in the expression of @entity9140 in the striatum. These data provide a direct demonstration of the beneficial consequences that a positive environment has in preventing @entity179 and in decreasing responsiveness to @entity2072 . Furthermore, they suggest that the probability of developing @entity16 such as @entity191 or vulnerability to psychostimulants may be related to life experience.

title: Enriched environment confers resistance to XXXX and @entity2072 : involvement of @entity935 transporter and trophic factors.

answer: @entity5212 :: (MESH:D015632,Chemical) :: ['1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']


abstract: We investigated, in @entity19 , the influence of life experience on the vulnerability to @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ), a major neurotoxin that induces a @entity191 in @entity1 , and to @entity2072 , a potent psychostimulant that promotes @entity734 . Our findings show that adult C57BL/6 @entity19 raised in an enriched environment (EE) for only 2 months are significantly more resistant to both drugs compared with @entity19 raised in a standard environment (SE). Indeed, EE @entity19 showed @entity2915 in response to @entity2072 (10 and 20 mg/kg) as well as a different pattern of @entity9830 expression in the striatum compared with SE @entity19 . After @entity5212 treatment, SE @entity19 showed a 75% loss of @entity935 neurons, whereas EE @entity19 showed only a 40% loss. The @entity935 transporter plays a key role in mediating the effects of both drugs. We thus investigated the regulation of its expression. EE @entity19 showed less @entity935 transporter binding in the striatum and less @entity935 transporter mRNA per @entity935 neuron at the cellular level as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. In addition, enriched environment promoted an increase in the expression of @entity9140 in the striatum. These data provide a direct demonstration of the beneficial consequences that a positive environment has in preventing @entity179 and in decreasing responsiveness to @entity2072 . Furthermore, they suggest that the probability of developing @entity16 such as @entity191 or vulnerability to psychostimulants may be related to life experience.

title: Enriched environment confers resistance to @entity5212 and @entity2072 : involvement of XXXX transporter and trophic factors.

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) comprise phenotypically-distinct subsets that sub-serve distinct functions in immune induction. Understanding the biology of DC subsets in vivo is crucial for the understanding of immune regulation and its perturbations in disease. This review focuses on the phenotype and functions of @entity35 DC subsets and compares these with subsets identified in other species. Our research has concentrated on DC migrating in lymph. DC migrate constitutively from peripheral tissues to draining nodes, probably to induce/maintain tolerance to self- or harmless foreign antigens. After removal of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in the @entity35 , healing of afferent and efferent lymphatics permits migrating intestinal DC (iLDC) to be collected from the thoracic duct. We have shown that iLDC consist of least two subsets that differ in phenotype, in situ distribution and function. @entity11264 +/SIRPalpha+ iLDC are highly immunostimulatory, but are excluded from T cell areas of MLN. In contrast, @entity11264 -/SIRPalpha- iLDC are less potent stimulators of T cells, but carry material from apoptotic enterocytes to T cell areas of MLN. Similar subsets exist in both lymph nodes and spleen. It has been shown that phenotypically-similar subsets migrate in skin-draining lymph in @entity291 and @entity742 . We and others have shown that splenic @entity11264 -/SIRPalpha- DC can phagocytose allogeneic cells in vitro, are poor stimulators of CD8+ T cells, and can lyse NK-sensitive target cells. Although some of our data suggest that @entity35 @entity11264 -/SIRPalpha- DC may equate to @entity19 CD8+ DC, there is at present insufficient evidence to be confident of this.

title: Phenotype and function of XXXX dendritic cell subsets.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: @entity6 accelerates @entity65 caused by @entity731 . Accordingly, @entity6 accelerates @entity731 progression and increases arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. We hypothesized that @entity6 can exert growth-promoting effects on smooth muscle cells via increased advanced glycation end-products or by dyslipidaemia. METHODS: Primary @entity1 arterial smooth muscle cells were stimulated with advanced glycation end-products, other ligands of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products or @entity1718 common in @entity1674 . Cell proliferation was measured as DNA synthesis, cell cycle distribution and cell number. Effects of oleate on cellular phospholipids, @entity2366 , @entity1674 and @entity8557 were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, and @entity3952 accumulation into @entity2366 was confirmed by gas chromatography. RESULTS: @entity1 arterial smooth muscle cells express the receptor for advanced glycation end-products, but its ligands @entity11461 -modified proteins, @entity14625 -modified proteins, @entity4483 polypeptide and amyloid-beta (1-40) peptide, exert no mitogenic action. Instead, oleate, one of the most common @entity1718 in @entity1674 , enhances platelet-derived growth factor-BB-mediated proliferation and oleate-containing @entity11396 formation in smooth muscle cells. This mitogenic effect of oleate depends on phospholipase D activity and is associated with an increased formation of oleate-enriched @entity11396 . CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Oleate, not ligands of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products, acts as an enhancer of @entity1 smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thus, @entity14822 , rather than hyperglycaemia, could be a major factor promoting proliferation of smooth muscle cells in @entity731 .

title: Oleate, not ligands of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products, promotes proliferation of XXXX arterial smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity11461 :: ('CHEBI:53014', 'Chemical') :: ['N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity11396 :: ('MESH:C011439', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol esters']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the potential of general practice, @entity130 units, walk in centres and NHS Direct to reduce non-urgent demands on accident and @entity341 (A_E) departments taking into account the @entity1 's reasons for attending A_E. METHODS: A questionnaire survey and notes review of 267 adults presenting to the A_E department of a large teaching hospital in Sheffield, England, triaged to the two lowest priority treatment streams, was conducted over seven weeks. Using defined criteria, @entity1 were classified by the suitability of the presenting health problem to be managed by alternative immediate care services or only by A_E, and also by the likelihood, in similar circumstances, of @entity1 presenting to other services given their reasons for seeking A_E care. RESULTS: Full data were obtained for 96% of @entity1 (255 of 267). Using objective criteria, it is estimated that 55% (95% CI 50%, 62%) of the health problems presented by a non-urgent population attending A_E are suitable for treatment in either general practice, or a @entity130 unit, or a walk in centre or by self care after advice from NHS Direct. However, in almost one quarter (24%) of low priority @entity1 who self referred, A_E was not the first contact with the health services for the presenting health problem. The reason for attending A_E cited most frequently by the @entity1 was a belief that radiography was necessary. The reason given least often was seeking advice from a nurse practitioner. Taking into account the objective suitability of the health problem to be treated elsewhere, and the reasons for attending A_E given by the @entity1 , it is estimated that, with similar health problems, as few as 7% (95% CI 3%, 10%) of the non-urgent A_E population may be expected to present to providers other than A_E in the future. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing availability of alternative services offering first contact care for non-urgent health problems, is likely to have little impact on the demand for A_E services.

title: Will alternative immediate care services reduce demands for non-urgent treatment at accident and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['minor injury']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic soft tissue @entity242 not amenable to curative surgery has a dismal prognosis. Aggressive treatment with @entity8253 and @entity1260 represents the current therapeutic mainstay in these @entity1 , most of whom succumb to relapses. Thus, the efficacy of subsequent therapeutic approaches has to be weighed against @entity137 caused by palliative treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 refractory to treatment with @entity8253 and @entity1260 were enrolled into the present phase II study. @entity1 were assigned to receive @entity1205 at 100 mg/m2 every three weeks. In case of severe @entity137 , @entity1 were switched to a weekly schedule of @entity1205 (40 mg/m2). RESULTS: A total of 106 cycles (80% at the scheduled 100 mg/m2 dose level) were administered in 27 @entity1 . Partial response was observed in 4 (15%) @entity1 and 4 (15%) @entity1 experienced disease stabilization. Median progression free survival and overall survival were 2.4 (range: 0.9-23.9) and 7.7 (range: 1.0-44.3) months, respectively. Upon renewed progression, three @entity1 initially responsive to treatment with @entity1205 were successfully reinduced by treatment with @entity1205 . The safety profile of @entity1205 was tolerable and the administration mostly manageable on an outpatient basis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity1205 represents an efficacious and tolerable treatment in a minority of @entity1 refractory to standard treatment. There is a need for better identification of @entity1 most likely to benefit from salvage treatment with @entity1205 .

title: XXXX as rescue medication in anthracycline- and @entity1260 -resistant locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 : results of a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic soft tissue @entity242 not amenable to curative surgery has a dismal prognosis. Aggressive treatment with @entity8253 and @entity1260 represents the current therapeutic mainstay in these @entity1 , most of whom succumb to relapses. Thus, the efficacy of subsequent therapeutic approaches has to be weighed against @entity137 caused by palliative treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 refractory to treatment with @entity8253 and @entity1260 were enrolled into the present phase II study. @entity1 were assigned to receive @entity1205 at 100 mg/m2 every three weeks. In case of severe @entity137 , @entity1 were switched to a weekly schedule of @entity1205 (40 mg/m2). RESULTS: A total of 106 cycles (80% at the scheduled 100 mg/m2 dose level) were administered in 27 @entity1 . Partial response was observed in 4 (15%) @entity1 and 4 (15%) @entity1 experienced disease stabilization. Median progression free survival and overall survival were 2.4 (range: 0.9-23.9) and 7.7 (range: 1.0-44.3) months, respectively. Upon renewed progression, three @entity1 initially responsive to treatment with @entity1205 were successfully reinduced by treatment with @entity1205 . The safety profile of @entity1205 was tolerable and the administration mostly manageable on an outpatient basis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity1205 represents an efficacious and tolerable treatment in a minority of @entity1 refractory to standard treatment. There is a need for better identification of @entity1 most likely to benefit from salvage treatment with @entity1205 .

title: @entity1205 as rescue medication in anthracycline- and XXXX -resistant locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 : results of a phase II trial.

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic soft tissue @entity242 not amenable to curative surgery has a dismal prognosis. Aggressive treatment with @entity8253 and @entity1260 represents the current therapeutic mainstay in these @entity1 , most of whom succumb to relapses. Thus, the efficacy of subsequent therapeutic approaches has to be weighed against @entity137 caused by palliative treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 refractory to treatment with @entity8253 and @entity1260 were enrolled into the present phase II study. @entity1 were assigned to receive @entity1205 at 100 mg/m2 every three weeks. In case of severe @entity137 , @entity1 were switched to a weekly schedule of @entity1205 (40 mg/m2). RESULTS: A total of 106 cycles (80% at the scheduled 100 mg/m2 dose level) were administered in 27 @entity1 . Partial response was observed in 4 (15%) @entity1 and 4 (15%) @entity1 experienced disease stabilization. Median progression free survival and overall survival were 2.4 (range: 0.9-23.9) and 7.7 (range: 1.0-44.3) months, respectively. Upon renewed progression, three @entity1 initially responsive to treatment with @entity1205 were successfully reinduced by treatment with @entity1205 . The safety profile of @entity1205 was tolerable and the administration mostly manageable on an outpatient basis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity1205 represents an efficacious and tolerable treatment in a minority of @entity1 refractory to standard treatment. There is a need for better identification of @entity1 most likely to benefit from salvage treatment with @entity1205 .

title: @entity1205 as rescue medication in anthracycline- and @entity1260 -resistant locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue XXXX : results of a phase II trial.

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Endovascular stent-graft treatment for true @entity439 of the descending thoracic aorta is a valid and effective alternative to conventional surgery. A review of our experience with 21 consecutive @entity1 is reported and technical considerations are discussed. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 (mean age 73 years) with true @entity439 of the descending thoracic aorta (n = 14) or contained @entity397 (n = 7) were treated between October 1999 and July 2001. Seven @entity1 (33%) underwent emergency endovascular procedure. Postoperatively, the @entity1 were followed with CT scans at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Follow-up, which averaged 17 months, was 100% complete. THIRTY-DAY RESULTS: No conversions to open repair were necessary. Two @entity1 died (10%), one of acute intestinal @entity63 and the other because of @entity177 . Four @entity1 showed @entity1070 immediately after stenting. Two @entity1 required new endovascular stentgrafts, while the remaining two were treated conservatively. Besides @entity1070 , eight major complications occurred in six @entity1 (two @entity64 , two @entity451 , two @entity1576 , and one @entity177 ). MID-TERM RESULTS: Three more @entity1 died during the follow-up period. One @entity1 died of @entity712 after a complicated postoperative course, 91 days after stenting. The second @entity1 died because of @entity1755 , 139 days after stenting. The third @entity1 died of @entity712 , 15 months after the endovascular procedure. The remaining 16 @entity1 are alive and have been regularly controlled by CT scans. No late migration or @entity1070 have been detected. In all the survivors, the size of the @entity439 was unchanged or diminished. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of descending thoracic aortic @entity439 by endovascular stentgraft devices has good early and mid-term results. More accurate selection of @entity1 may further reduce mortality and morbidity.

title: Treatment of descending thoracic XXXX by endovascular stent grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As little has been published on the course of @entity110 ( @entity110 ) @entity1 cannot receive comprehensive prognostic advice. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognosis and photobiological characteristics of idiopathic @entity110 . DESIGN: Historical cohort study, with inception cohort followed up from time of diagnosis. Follow-up for a median of 4 years (range, 3 months to 26 years) after diagnosis. SETTING: Tertiary referral center for the investigation of photodermatoses in Scotland. @entity1 : The study included 87 @entity1 , 61 (70%) of whom were female, with phototest-confirmed idiopathic @entity110 between 1975 and 2000. Sixty @entity1 (69%) were followed up clinically, and 25 @entity1 (29%) were phototested on 2 or more occasions. INTERVENTIONS: Investigations at time of diagnosis included monochromator phototesting. Further monochromator phototesting was performed in those @entity1 in whom it was clinically indicated (select subgroup), and all @entity1 who could be traced received a follow-up questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Characteristics of @entity110 , responsible wave bands, and prognosis for clinical resolution. RESULTS: The prevalence of idiopathic @entity110 in Tayside, Scotland, is estimated to be 3.1 per 100 000. Action spectra were typically broad, with 63% reacting to more than 1 wave band, and the most common provoking wavelengths were the longer UV-A and the shorter visible ones. The majority of subjects were affected perennially (68%), by radiation transmitted through glass (83%) and thin clothing (76%). Coexistent polymorphic @entity27866 occurred in 20 @entity1 (23%), and another photodermatosis occurred in 6 @entity1 , 3 of whom had chronic @entity9335 . In those with @entity110 alone, the mean age at onset was 41 years. The probability of clinical resolution at 5 and 10 years after diagnosis was 0.12 (95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.24) and 0.26 (95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.43), respectively. CONCLUSION: Idiopathic @entity110 is a @entity102 . The majority of this cohort was still affected after 5 and 10 years.

title: Characteristics and prognosis of XXXX : a cohort of 87 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity27866 :: ('MESH:C566780', 'Disease') :: ['light eruption']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity9335 :: ('MESH:D010787', 'Disease') :: ['actinic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic solar urticaria', 'SU']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['idiopathic solar urticaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repair of @entity937 is generally preferred over meniscectomy. HYPOTHESIS: Repair of unstable bucket-handle tears of the medial meniscus leads to better outcomes than partial meniscectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 155 @entity1 who had isolated bucket-handle medial @entity937 and @entity1347 . Fifty-six menisci were repaired; 99 that were degenerative and crushed beyond repair were removed. @entity1 were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 6 to 8 years after surgery with the International Knee Documentation Committee examination and a modified Noyes questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean subjective scores were similar for @entity1 in both the repair (N = 51) and meniscectomy (N = 87) groups. However, in the repair group, the mean subjective score of 93.9 for nondegenerative menisci was significantly better than the 87.1 for degenerative menisci. Objective grades for 25 @entity1 in the repair group were normal or nearly normal in 22 @entity1 (88%) and for 51 of 56 @entity1 (91%) in the removal group. Radiographic subscores for the repair group were normal or nearly normal in 23 @entity1 in the repair group and 49 in the removal group. CONCLUSION: Outcomes from meniscal repair were not superior to those from partial removal. @entity1 with repaired degenerative tears had significantly lower subjective scores than those with nondegenerative tears.

title: Meniscal repair compared with meniscectomy for bucket-handle medial XXXX in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior cruciate ligament tears']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears']

answer: @entity937 :: (MESH:D012167,Disease) :: ['meniscal tears']


abstract: In view of the fact that Swedish nursing home care represents an integrated form of residential housing and health care and it is not possible to classify @entity281 as either "health-care-associated" or "community-acquired". Thus it is not appropriate to use the same surveillance systems as those used in hospitals. The presence of known risk factors for infection--either related to medical devices or due to underlying illness--could however be monitored. Antibiotic treatment favours selection of resistant bacterial strains and should thus be used with prudence. At December 8th, 2000, we investigated the presence of 20 risk factors and antibiotic treatment among 2,817 residents in nursing homes in Uppsala county. Seventeen out of 20 risk factors were all present in less than 1 per cent of the residents. Pressure @entity1066 or leg/foot- @entity1066 occurred among 3.2% each, and 7.6 per cent of the residents had an indwelling urinary catheter. About 6% of the residents were treated with at least one antibiotic. @entity293 was the main reason for treatment. The investigation shows that training of nursing home staff by the infection control team should focus on hand hygiene and routines for wound care and urinary catheter care in order to minimize the risk for @entity281 among residents.

title: [Important to reduce the risk of XXXX in residential facilities].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: The aim of this article is to summarize and critique reports from selected large-scale population health surveys (U.S. and Canada national health surveys (e.g., National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and Canada Fitness Survey), and active research programs in preventive pediatric cardiology (i.e., Bogalusa Heart Study, Princeton Lipids Study, and Minneapolis Blood Pressure Study)) pertaining to the secular trend in variables associated with the @entity209 of North American youth. These surveys were chosen since they have published peer-reviewed articles on the topic and consist of relatively large samples. The increased body mass index and prevalence of overweight and @entity28 are clear, particularly over the past two decades. The secular increase in overweight and @entity28 cannot be linked to available self-report data on physical activity or diet, although measurement issues need to be considered. The emergence of @entity2175 in adolescents parallels the increase in @entity28 ; however, subsequent changes in blood lipids and blood pressure are less clear. There is some evidence to suggest adverse changes in the blood lipid profile. Aerobic fitness, as determined by maximal @entity26 consumption (VO(2max)), has not appeared to change in youth except perhaps for adolescent females. The results suggesting the emergence of @entity209 X during childhood and adolescence are discussed in the context of perturbation and dysregulation of the @entity2339 . It can be suggested that a subsistent lifestyle consisting of increased lifestyle activity (not exercise per se), a prudent diet, adequate sleep and rest, and stress reduction be advocated to combat diseases of Western Civilization/ @entity209 that have affected North American @entity1 (and adults) in recent years. The results also highlight the importance of population surveillance of @entity28 , physical activity, and dietary intake and cardiovascular health of @entity1 into the 21st century.

title: Secular trends in variables associated with the XXXX of North American @entity1 and adolescents: a review and synthesis.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: The aim of this article is to summarize and critique reports from selected large-scale population health surveys (U.S. and Canada national health surveys (e.g., National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and Canada Fitness Survey), and active research programs in preventive pediatric cardiology (i.e., Bogalusa Heart Study, Princeton Lipids Study, and Minneapolis Blood Pressure Study)) pertaining to the secular trend in variables associated with the @entity209 of North American youth. These surveys were chosen since they have published peer-reviewed articles on the topic and consist of relatively large samples. The increased body mass index and prevalence of overweight and @entity28 are clear, particularly over the past two decades. The secular increase in overweight and @entity28 cannot be linked to available self-report data on physical activity or diet, although measurement issues need to be considered. The emergence of @entity2175 in adolescents parallels the increase in @entity28 ; however, subsequent changes in blood lipids and blood pressure are less clear. There is some evidence to suggest adverse changes in the blood lipid profile. Aerobic fitness, as determined by maximal @entity26 consumption (VO(2max)), has not appeared to change in youth except perhaps for adolescent females. The results suggesting the emergence of @entity209 X during childhood and adolescence are discussed in the context of perturbation and dysregulation of the @entity2339 . It can be suggested that a subsistent lifestyle consisting of increased lifestyle activity (not exercise per se), a prudent diet, adequate sleep and rest, and stress reduction be advocated to combat diseases of Western Civilization/ @entity209 that have affected North American @entity1 (and adults) in recent years. The results also highlight the importance of population surveillance of @entity28 , physical activity, and dietary intake and cardiovascular health of @entity1 into the 21st century.

title: Secular trends in variables associated with the @entity209 of North American XXXX and adolescents: a review and synthesis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: An epidemiological study of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in Veszpr  m county (located in western part of Hungary) was carried out from 1977 to 2001. METHODS: Both hospital and outpatient records of @entity29 @entity1 were collected reviewed carefully. Most @entity1 have been followed up regularly. RESULTS: The number of population has decreased during the observed period from 386,000 to 376,000. The county has both industrial and agrarian parts. 560 new @entity31 ( @entity31 ) cases, 212 @entity30 ( @entity30 ), and 40 indeterminate colitides (IC) were diagnosed in the investigated period. Incidence rate increased from 1.66 (1977-1981) to 11.01 (1997-2001) in @entity31 , and from 0.41 to 4.68 in @entity30 , respectively. The incidence rate in IC rose from 0.26 to 0.74. The M/F ratio in @entity31 was 1.06, in @entity30 : 1.03, respectively, 41 UD @entity1 and 13 @entity30 @entity1 died, the cause of @entity204 was disease related in 6 @entity31 and in 6 @entity30 @entity1 . The average age at @entity204 in @entity31 was not different from that observed in general population (66.4 years) but in @entity30 (50.1 years) it was much earlier. The disease related mortality was low, 0.06/100,000 both in @entity31 and @entity30 . The prevalence rate at the end of 2001 was 142.6 for @entity31 and 52.9/100,000 inhabitants for @entity30 . Mean age at onset in @entity31 was 38.9 +/- 15.5 years, in @entity30 31.7 +/- 12.8 years. We observed only one peak onset of the diseases, in @entity31 it was between 30 and 40 years, in @entity30 between 20 and 30 years. @entity1 living in towns were more liable to acquire the disease (ORUC = 1.27, ORCD = 1.13). The rate of smokers at the onset was 14.3% (OR = 0.25) in @entity31 and 50.5% (OR = 1.98) in @entity30 . Ex-smokers were 18.4% and 6.4%. Family history of @entity29 was present in 3.4% in @entity31 and 9.9% in @entity30 . The location of @entity31 (according to the known largest extent) was @entity4272 in 112 cases, @entity9916 in 162 cases, @entity1960 in 117 and subtotal or pancolitis in 169 cases. The location of @entity30 was only ileal in 68 cases, ileocolonic in 87 cases, colonic in 57 cases. The behaviour of @entity30 was non-stricturing-non-penetrating in 63 cases, stricturing in 54 cases, penetrating in 95 cases. 59.4% of the @entity30 @entity1 had at least one operation, 6.1% had more than 3 operations. CONCLUSION: The incidence and prevalence rates have increased steadily in Veszpr  m County, now it reaches that of most western European countries. There were no gender differences either in @entity31 or @entity30 . Smoking seemed to be a risk factor for @entity30 , but it was preventive for @entity31 . The rapid increase in incidence supports a role for environmental (e.g. diet, lifestyle changes) risk factors.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX in Veszpr  m county of Western Hungary between 1977 and 2001].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9916 :: ('MESH:D011350', 'Disease') :: ['proctosigmoiditis']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['left sided colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']


abstract: Achieving a complete cytogenetic response (CCgR) is a major target in the treatment of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) with interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ), but CCgRs are rare. The mean CCgR rate is 13%, in a range of 5% to 33%. A collaborative study of 9 European Union countries has led to the collection of data on 317 @entity1 who were first seen between 1983 and 1997 and achieved CCgRs with @entity3027 alone or in combination with @entity1862 . The median time to first CCgR was 19 months (95% CI, 17-21; range, 3-84 months). At last contact, 212 @entity1 were still alive and in continuous CCgR; 105 @entity1 had lost CCgR, but 53% of them were still alive and in chronic phase. @entity3027 treatment was discontinued permanently in 23 cases for response loss, in 36 cases for chronic @entity137 (15 are still in unmaintained continuous CCgR), and in 8 cases because it was believed that treatment was no longer necessary (7 of these 8 @entity1 are still in unmaintained continuous CCgR). The 10-year survival rate from first CCgR is 72% (95% CI, 62%-82%) and is related to the risk profile. High-risk @entity1 lost CCgR more frequently and more rapidly and none survived more than 10 years. Low-risk @entity1 survived much longer (10-year survival probability 89% for Sokal low risk and 81% for @entity7634 low risk). These data point out that a substantial long-term survival in CCgRs is restricted mainly to low-risk and possibly intermediate-risk @entity1 and occurs significantly less often in high-risk @entity1 .

title: XXXX and interferon-alpha: a study of complete cytogenetic responders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['Chronic myeloid leukemia']