abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac involvement is a leading cause of @entity204 from @entity370 . Because the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment is limited in @entity1 with cardiac manifestation, early diagnosis is important. However, cardiac involvement is difficult to identify at early stages and is often underdiagnosed. Therefore, this study aimed to identify electrocardiographic risk factors for @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity370 . METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study included 227 @entity1 with @entity370 who did not have any cardiac manifestation (age, 49  17years; @entity1 , 63%). We studied the association of @entity854 with developing cardiac manifestations. RESULTS: During a follow-up of 6.3  3.7years, 11 @entity1 developed @entity299 , including advanced @entity713 (4 @entity1 ), @entity1165 (4 @entity1 ), and @entity299 (3 @entity1 ). All @entity1 had @entity854 prior to the development of @entity299 . In multivariate analyses, the baseline heart rate and PR interval were associated with increased risk of developing @entity299 . The QRS duration and corrected QT interval were not associated with cardiac manifestations. The multivariate analyses also revealed that baseline @entity9054 , ST segment/T wave abnormalities, and fragmented QRS complexes were associated with @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity854 occurred prior to @entity299 in @entity370 . @entity1 with @entity854 may require further evaluation for cardiac involvement and careful follow-up.

title: XXXX and risk of developing @entity299 in @entity370 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Electrocardiographic abnormalities', 'electrocardiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduction disorder']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['extracardiac sarcoidosis', 'sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Electrocardiographic abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac involvement is a leading cause of @entity204 from @entity370 . Because the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment is limited in @entity1 with cardiac manifestation, early diagnosis is important. However, cardiac involvement is difficult to identify at early stages and is often underdiagnosed. Therefore, this study aimed to identify electrocardiographic risk factors for @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity370 . METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study included 227 @entity1 with @entity370 who did not have any cardiac manifestation (age, 49  17years; @entity1 , 63%). We studied the association of @entity854 with developing cardiac manifestations. RESULTS: During a follow-up of 6.3  3.7years, 11 @entity1 developed @entity299 , including advanced @entity713 (4 @entity1 ), @entity1165 (4 @entity1 ), and @entity299 (3 @entity1 ). All @entity1 had @entity854 prior to the development of @entity299 . In multivariate analyses, the baseline heart rate and PR interval were associated with increased risk of developing @entity299 . The QRS duration and corrected QT interval were not associated with cardiac manifestations. The multivariate analyses also revealed that baseline @entity9054 , ST segment/T wave abnormalities, and fragmented QRS complexes were associated with @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity854 occurred prior to @entity299 in @entity370 . @entity1 with @entity854 may require further evaluation for cardiac involvement and careful follow-up.

title: @entity854 and risk of developing @entity299 in XXXX .

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['extracardiac sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac involvement is a leading cause of @entity204 from @entity370 . Because the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment is limited in @entity1 with cardiac manifestation, early diagnosis is important. However, cardiac involvement is difficult to identify at early stages and is often underdiagnosed. Therefore, this study aimed to identify electrocardiographic risk factors for @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity370 . METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study included 227 @entity1 with @entity370 who did not have any cardiac manifestation (age, 49  17years; @entity1 , 63%). We studied the association of @entity854 with developing cardiac manifestations. RESULTS: During a follow-up of 6.3  3.7years, 11 @entity1 developed @entity299 , including advanced @entity713 (4 @entity1 ), @entity1165 (4 @entity1 ), and @entity299 (3 @entity1 ). All @entity1 had @entity854 prior to the development of @entity299 . In multivariate analyses, the baseline heart rate and PR interval were associated with increased risk of developing @entity299 . The QRS duration and corrected QT interval were not associated with cardiac manifestations. The multivariate analyses also revealed that baseline @entity9054 , ST segment/T wave abnormalities, and fragmented QRS complexes were associated with @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity854 occurred prior to @entity299 in @entity370 . @entity1 with @entity854 may require further evaluation for cardiac involvement and careful follow-up.

title: @entity854 and risk of developing XXXX in @entity370 .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) of two age groups were exposed to a cationic @entity3323 -based flocculant at various concentrations in static bioassay chambers. At lethal concentrations the flocculant produced severe gill alterations in all fish. The principal alterations were @entity39 and separation of the respiratory epithelial cells covering secondary lamellae. Many @entity39 @entity2865 cells were also seen, their apical plasma membrane was destroyed, and mitochondria were swollen with separated cristae. An influx of a large amount of fluid into the interstitial spaces caused partial or complete separation of subepithelial spaces from the covering epithelial cells and basement membranes of underlying blood vessels. Clinicopathological alterations included marked @entity551 , partial pressure of @entity26 , @entity3157 and plasma @entity1372 , and @entity2865 concentrations. Hematocrit, total protein, and blood @entity413 were increased. Fish exposed to sublethal concentrations had gill alterations characterized by hypercellularity and thickening of the secondary lamellae. These were due to undifferentiated cell proliferation and macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration between the covering epithelial cells and the underlying blood vessels. Macrophages and undifferentiated cells had large phagolysosomes containing cytoplasmic organelles, an indication of cell injury and increased turnover.

title: Ultrastructural and clinicopathological studies on the toxicity of cationic XXXX -based flocculant to @entity5660 .

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Salmo gairdneri', 'Rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in blood pH']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3323 :: (MESH:D020106,Chemical) :: ['acrylamide']


abstract: @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) of two age groups were exposed to a cationic @entity3323 -based flocculant at various concentrations in static bioassay chambers. At lethal concentrations the flocculant produced severe gill alterations in all fish. The principal alterations were @entity39 and separation of the respiratory epithelial cells covering secondary lamellae. Many @entity39 @entity2865 cells were also seen, their apical plasma membrane was destroyed, and mitochondria were swollen with separated cristae. An influx of a large amount of fluid into the interstitial spaces caused partial or complete separation of subepithelial spaces from the covering epithelial cells and basement membranes of underlying blood vessels. Clinicopathological alterations included marked @entity551 , partial pressure of @entity26 , @entity3157 and plasma @entity1372 , and @entity2865 concentrations. Hematocrit, total protein, and blood @entity413 were increased. Fish exposed to sublethal concentrations had gill alterations characterized by hypercellularity and thickening of the secondary lamellae. These were due to undifferentiated cell proliferation and macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration between the covering epithelial cells and the underlying blood vessels. Macrophages and undifferentiated cells had large phagolysosomes containing cytoplasmic organelles, an indication of cell injury and increased turnover.

title: Ultrastructural and clinicopathological studies on the toxicity of cationic @entity3323 -based flocculant to XXXX .

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 is an increasing health problem globally. Overweight and @entity28 may be established as early as 2-5 years of age, highlighting the need for evidence-based effective prevention and treatment programs early in life. In adults, mobile phone based interventions for weight management (mHealth) have demonstrated positive effects on body mass, however, their use in @entity1 populations has yet to be examined. The aim of this paper is to report the study design and methodology of the MINSTOP (Mobile-based Intervention Intended to Stop Obesity in Preschoolers) trial. METHODS/DESIGN: A two-arm, parallel design randomized controlled trial in 300 healthy Swedish 4-year-olds is conducted. After baseline measures, parents are allocated to either an intervention- or control group. The 6- month mHealth intervention consists of a web-based application (the MINSTOP app) to help parents promote healthy eating and physical activity in @entity1 . MINISTOP is based on the Social Cognitive Theory and involves the delivery of a comprehensive, personalized program of information and text messages based on existing guidelines for a healthy diet and active lifestyle in pre-school @entity1 . Parents also register physical activity and intakes of candy, soft drinks, vegetables as well as fruits of their @entity1 and receive feedback through the application. Primary outcomes include @entity1386 , while secondary outcomes are time spent in sedentary, moderate, and vigorous physical activity, physical fitness and intakes of fruits and vegetables, snacks, soft drinks and candy. Food and energy intake (Tool for Energy balance in @entity1 , TECH), body @entity1386 (pediatric option for BodPod), physical activity (Actigraph wGT3x-BT) and physical fitness (the PREFIT battery of five fitness tests) are measured at baseline, after the intervention (six months after baseline) and at follow-up (12  months after baseline). DISCUSSION: This novel study will evaluate the effectiveness of a mHealth program for @entity1017 in body @entity1386 among 4-year-old @entity1 . If the intervention proves effective it has great potential to be implemented in @entity1 -health care to counteract childhood overweight and @entity28 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02021786 ; 20 Dec 2013.

title: A web- and mobile phone-based intervention to prevent XXXX in 4-year-olds (MINISTOP): a population-based randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['mitigating gain']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fatness', 'body fatness and energy intake']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that consistent sitting for prolonged periods is associated with upper quadrant @entity4512 (UQMP). It is unclear whether postural alignment is a significant risk factor. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The aim of the prospective study (2010-2011) was to ascertain if three-dimensional sitting postural angles, measured in a real-life school computer classroom setting, predict seated-related UQMP. METHOD: Asymptomatic Grade 10 high-school students, aged 15-17 years, undertaking Computer Application Technology, were eligible to participate. Using the 3D Posture Analysis Tool, sitting posture was measured while students used desk-top computers. Posture was reported as five upper quadrant angles ( @entity135 , Neck flexion; Craniocervical angle, Trunk flexion and Head lateral bending). The Computer Usage Questionnaire measured seated-related UQMP and hours of computer use. The Beck Depression Inventory and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for @entity1 assessed psychosocial factors. Sitting posture, computer use and psychosocial factors were measured at baseline. UQMP was measured at six months and one-year follow-up. RESULTS: 211, 190 and 153 students participated at baseline, six months and one-year follow-up respectively. 34.2% students complained of seated-related UQMP during the follow-up period. Increased head flexion (HF) predicted seated-related UQMP developing over time for a small group of students with @entity158 scores greater than the 90th @entity158 percentile, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, computer use and psychosocial factors (p  =  0.003). The @entity158 score increased 0.22 points per 1   increase in HF. CONCLUSIONS: Classroom ergonomics and postural hygiene should therefore focus on reducing large HF angles among computing adolescents.

title: The relationship between sitting posture and seated-related upper quadrant XXXX in computing South African adolescents: A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Head flexion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) among male university students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The role of relevant medical and dental histories in the assessment of @entity9321 in this Arab population was also addressed. METHODS: Required information was collected via a questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire was used to obtain the medical and dental histories of @entity1 . The second part included 10 questions regarding common @entity9321 symptoms. Fonseca's anamnestic index (FAI) was used to classify @entity9321 severity as "no dysfunction", "light dysfunction", "moderate @entity409 ". RESULTS: Of the 600 distributed questionnaires, 400 questionnaires were completed (response rate: 66.6%). Mean age of eligible @entity1 was 21.90      1.79  years. Psychological stress (30.5%) and direct restorations (77%) were the most commonly reported items on the medical and dental histories respectively for the total number of @entity1 . According to the FAI, 53.2% of @entity1 were classified as having no dysfunction, followed by light (36.1%), moderate (9.6%), and severe dysfunction (1.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the FAI, mild to moderate prevalence of @entity9321 appears to exist among male university students in Riyadh. Histories of psychological stress and dental treatment were evident among these students. Information obtained from the FAI may be helpful in assessing the prevalence of @entity9321 and has important implications for the early diagnosis of @entity9321 and the prevention of future @entity532 .

title: Prevalence and severity of XXXX among university students in Riyadh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders', 'TMDs']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction", or "severe dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['TMD-related complications']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the literature pertaining to the effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy on disease progression in @entity1 with @entity1252 . METHODS: We performed a systematic review using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1990 to December 2013 for observational studies and randomized clinical trials that study the effect of hormone therapy on the occurrence of flares in menopausal @entity1 with @entity1252 . The screenings of titles and abstracts, full text review, and risk of bias assessments were done by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: A total of 12,548 articles were identified. After title and abstract screening and removal of duplicates, 692 articles were retrieved for full text review. Five studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the analysis, and the methodological quality was assessed. Two of the studies were randomized controlled trials and three were observational studies. One randomized controlled trial found that menopausal @entity1 who received hormone therapy were at a higher risk for developing minor to moderate flares of @entity1252 . In the other four studies, there was no significant difference in @entity1252 activity between hormone therapy and non-hormone therapy users. CONCLUSIONS: Hormone therapy in menopausal @entity1 with @entity1252 appears to be well tolerated. While there is some evidence supporting an increase in risk of mild to moderate flares among hormone therapy users, no association was identified between hormone therapy use and severe disease flares. In addition, hormone therapy was associated with significant improvement in menopausal symptoms and quality of life. Larger trials are required to assess the long-term effects of hormone therapy on the course of @entity1252 in menopausal @entity1 and to identify @entity1 characteristics associated with an increased risk of flares in the setting of hormone therapy exposure.

title: Effect of menopause hormone therapy on disease progression in XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'systemic lupus erythematosus disease']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: To evaluate the reliability of using in situ frog intestinal perfusion technique for permeability assessment of carrier transported drugs which are also substrates for CYP enzymes. Single Pass Intestinal Perfusion (SPIP) studies were performed in frogs of the species @entity36804 using established method for @entity35 with some modifications after inducing anesthesia. Effective permeability coefficient (P eff) of @entity9886 and @entity1363 was calculated in the presence and absence of inhibitors using the parallel-tube model. Peff of @entity9886 when perfused alone was found to be 0.427    0.27 * 10(-4)cm/s and when it was co-perfused with inhibitors, significant change in P eff was observed. Peff of @entity1363 when perfused alone was found to be 2.03    0.07 * 10(-4)cm/s and when it was co-perfused with inhibitors, no significant change in P eff was observed. Comparison of P eff calculated in frog with that of other available models and also @entity1 suggested that the P eff-values are comparable and reflected well with @entity1 intestinal permeability. It is possible to determine the P eff-value for compounds which are dual substrates of P-glycoprotein and @entity5322 using in situ frog intestinal perfusion technique. The calculated P eff-values correlated well with reported P eff-values of probe drugs. comparison of the P eff-value of @entity9886 obtained with that of reported @entity1 's P eff and Caco 2 cell data, and comparison of the P eff-value of @entity1363 with that of reported @entity35 's P eff, we could conclude that SPIP from model can be reliably used in preclinical studies for permeability estimation. This model may represent a valuable alternative to the low speed and high cost of conventional animal models (typically rodents) for the assessment of intestinal permeability.

title: Frog intestinal perfusion to evaluate drug permeability: application to p-gp and XXXX substrates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity5322 :: (1576,Gene) :: ['cyp3a4']


abstract: Individuals with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) present reduced visual attention to faces. However, contradictory conclusions have been drawn about the strategies involved in visual face scanning due to the various methodologies implemented in the study of facial screening. Here, we used a data-driven approach to compare @entity1 and adults with @entity72 subjected to the same free viewing task and to address developmental aspects of face scanning, including its temporal patterning, in healthy @entity1 , and adults. Four groups (54 subjects) were included in the study: typical adults, typically developing @entity1 , and adults and @entity1 with @entity72 . Eye tracking was performed on subjects viewing unfamiliar faces. Fixations were analyzed using a data-driven approach that employed spatial statistics to provide an objective, unbiased definition of the areas of interest. Typical adults expressed a spatial and temporal strategy for visual scanning that differed from the three other groups, involving a sequential fixation of the right eye (RE), @entity735 . Typically developing @entity1 , adults and @entity1 with @entity2438 exhibited similar fixation patterns and they always started by looking at the RE. @entity1 (typical or with @entity72 ) subsequently looked at the LE or the mouth. Based on the present results, the patterns of fixation for static faces that mature from childhood to adulthood in typical subjects are not found in adults with @entity72 . The atypical patterns found after developmental progression and experience in @entity72 groups appear to remain blocked in an immature state that cannot be differentiated from typical developmental @entity1 patterns of fixation.

title: Developmental changes in face visual scanning in XXXX as assessed by data-based analysis.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['left eye (LE), and mouth']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity99 in @entity130 @entity1 still accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. Operative techniques in liver @entity130 are some of the most challenging. They include the @entity2611 , from damage control to liver resection. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a retrospective study of 121 @entity130 @entity1 with @entity99 American Association for Surgery of @entity130 (AAST) grade III-V who have undergone surgery. Indications for surgery include refractory @entity551 not responding to resuscitation due to uncontrolled @entity548 from liver @entity130 ; massive hemoperitonem on Focused assessment by ultrasound for @entity130 (FAST) and/or Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) as well as Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT) findings of the severe @entity99 and major @entity1317 with active @entity548 . RESULTS: Non-survivors have significantly higher AAST grade of @entity99 and higher Injury Severity Score (ISS) (p   =   0.000; p   =   0.0001). Non-survivors have significant @entity551 on arrival and lower Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) on admission (p   =   0.000; p   =   0.0001). Definitive hepatic repair was performed in 62(51.2  %) @entity1 . Damage Control, liver packing and planned re-laparotomy after 48  h were used in 59(48.8  %). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of the surgical approach. There was significant difference in the amount of red blood cells (RBC) transfusion in the first 24  h between survivors and non-survivors (p   =   0.001). Overall mortality rate was 33.1  %. Regarding complications non-survivors had significantly prolonged @entity548 and higher rate of @entity649 ( @entity649 ) (p   =   0.0001; p   =   0.0001), while survivors had significantly higher rate of @entity1143 (p   =   0.0001). CONCLUSION: All efforts in the treatment of severe @entity99 should be directed to the rapid and effective control of @entity548 , because uncontrollable @entity548 is the cause of @entity204 and it requires massive blood transfusion, all of which contributes to the late fatal complication.

title: Surgical management of AAST grades III-V XXXX by Damage control surgery with perihepatic packing and Definitive hepatic repair-single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['Acute respiratory distress syndrome', 'ARDS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2611 :: ('MESH:D005532', 'Disease') :: ['broad and complex area']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries', 'liver injury', 'hepatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic trauma']


abstract: @entity910 ( @entity910 ) is a @entity74 associated with abnormalities in ciliary structure and function. Although recurrent @entity1729 associated with @entity409 is a common clinical feature, there is no standardized treatment or management of @entity1729 in @entity910 @entity1 . Here, we report that @entity1729 with @entity910 and @entity18697 ( @entity18697 ) were treated successfully with @entity4581 before the surgical resection of @entity18697 . A 15-year-old non-smoking Japanese @entity1 was admitted for productive cough and @entity1353 on exertion. Chest CT scan on admission showed complex cystic LESIONS with air-fluid level in the right lower lobe, and diffuse nodular shadows in the whole lobe of the lung. On flexible bronchoscopy examination, sputum and bronchiolar fluid cultures revealed @entity794 ( @entity794 ). An electron microscopic examination of the cilia showed inner @entity1345 . Administration of @entity4581 improved the lower respiratory tract @entity281 associated with @entity794 . CT angiography after @entity4581 treatment demonstrated an aberrant systemic artery arising from the celiac trunk and supplying the @entity5409 that were incorporated into the normal @entity358 without their own pleural covering. Based on these results, the @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity910 and @entity18697 . Because of the @entity4581 treatment, resection of the @entity18697 was performed safely without any complications. Although further observation of @entity4581 treatment is needed, we believe that @entity4581 may be considered one of the agents for treating @entity910 .

title: Successful treatment of chronic lower respiratory tract @entity281 by macrolide administration in a @entity1 with intralobar pulmonary sequestration and primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass lesions']

entities_list: @entity18697 :: ('MESH:D001998', 'Disease') :: ['intralobar sequestration', 'ILS']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ciliary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S.  aureus']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Primary ciliary dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity1345 :: ('MESH:C566258', 'Disease') :: ['dynein arm deficiency']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['ciliary dyskinesia']


abstract: @entity910 ( @entity910 ) is a @entity74 associated with abnormalities in ciliary structure and function. Although recurrent @entity1729 associated with @entity409 is a common clinical feature, there is no standardized treatment or management of @entity1729 in @entity910 @entity1 . Here, we report that @entity1729 with @entity910 and @entity18697 ( @entity18697 ) were treated successfully with @entity4581 before the surgical resection of @entity18697 . A 15-year-old non-smoking Japanese @entity1 was admitted for productive cough and @entity1353 on exertion. Chest CT scan on admission showed complex cystic LESIONS with air-fluid level in the right lower lobe, and diffuse nodular shadows in the whole lobe of the lung. On flexible bronchoscopy examination, sputum and bronchiolar fluid cultures revealed @entity794 ( @entity794 ). An electron microscopic examination of the cilia showed inner @entity1345 . Administration of @entity4581 improved the lower respiratory tract @entity281 associated with @entity794 . CT angiography after @entity4581 treatment demonstrated an aberrant systemic artery arising from the celiac trunk and supplying the @entity5409 that were incorporated into the normal @entity358 without their own pleural covering. Based on these results, the @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity910 and @entity18697 . Because of the @entity4581 treatment, resection of the @entity18697 was performed safely without any complications. Although further observation of @entity4581 treatment is needed, we believe that @entity4581 may be considered one of the agents for treating @entity910 .

title: Successful treatment of chronic lower respiratory tract XXXX by macrolide administration in a @entity1 with intralobar pulmonary sequestration and primary @entity910 .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: @entity910 ( @entity910 ) is a @entity74 associated with abnormalities in ciliary structure and function. Although recurrent @entity1729 associated with @entity409 is a common clinical feature, there is no standardized treatment or management of @entity1729 in @entity910 @entity1 . Here, we report that @entity1729 with @entity910 and @entity18697 ( @entity18697 ) were treated successfully with @entity4581 before the surgical resection of @entity18697 . A 15-year-old non-smoking Japanese @entity1 was admitted for productive cough and @entity1353 on exertion. Chest CT scan on admission showed complex cystic LESIONS with air-fluid level in the right lower lobe, and diffuse nodular shadows in the whole lobe of the lung. On flexible bronchoscopy examination, sputum and bronchiolar fluid cultures revealed @entity794 ( @entity794 ). An electron microscopic examination of the cilia showed inner @entity1345 . Administration of @entity4581 improved the lower respiratory tract @entity281 associated with @entity794 . CT angiography after @entity4581 treatment demonstrated an aberrant systemic artery arising from the celiac trunk and supplying the @entity5409 that were incorporated into the normal @entity358 without their own pleural covering. Based on these results, the @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity910 and @entity18697 . Because of the @entity4581 treatment, resection of the @entity18697 was performed safely without any complications. Although further observation of @entity4581 treatment is needed, we believe that @entity4581 may be considered one of the agents for treating @entity910 .

title: Successful treatment of chronic lower respiratory tract @entity281 by macrolide administration in a XXXX with intralobar pulmonary sequestration and primary @entity910 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some recent studies have suggested that laparoscopic surgery for @entity14 may provide a potential survival advantage when compared with open surgery. This study aimed to compare cancer-related survivals of @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic or open resection of @entity694 in the same, high volume tertiary center. METHODS: @entity1 who had undergone elective open or laparoscopic surgery for @entity694 between January 2002 and December 2010 were analyzed. A clinical database was prospectively compiled. Survival analysis was calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 460 resections were performed. There were no significant differences between the laparoscopic (n   =   227) and the open group (n   =   233) apart from @entity5 stage: stage I @entity5 were more frequent in the laparoscopic group whereas @entity5 were more frequent in the open group. The mean number of harvested lymph nodes was significantly higher in the laparoscopic than in the open group (20.0        0.7 vs 14.2        0.5, P   <   0.01). The 5-year cancer-related survival for @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic resection was significantly higher than that following open resections (83.1% vs 68.5%, P   =   0.01). By performing a stage-to-stage comparison, we found that the improvement in survival in the laparoscopic group occurred mainly in @entity1 with @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows a survival advantage for @entity1 who had undergone laparoscopic surgery for stage II @entity694 . This may be correlated with a higher number of harvested lymph nodes and thus a better stage stratification of these @entity1 .

title: Survival after laparoscopic and open surgery for XXXX : a comparative, single-institution study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage II tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are an important and growing presence in health care systems worldwide. A central question is whether evidence-based behavior change interventions routinely employed in conventional health care could also be integrated into CAM practice to address public health priorities. Essential for successful integration are intervention approaches deemed acceptable and consistent with practice patterns and treatment approaches of different types of CAM practitioners - that is, they have context validity. Intervention development to ensure context validity was integral to Project CAM Reach (CAMR), a project examining the public health potential of @entity286 cessation training for chiropractors, acupuncturists and massage therapists (CAM practitioners). This paper describes formative research conducted to achieve this goal. METHODS: Intervention development, undertaken in three @entity4373 (chiropractic, acupuncture, massage therapy), consisted of six iterative steps: 1) exploratory key informant interviews; 2) local CAM practitioner community survey; 3) existing @entity286 cessation curriculum demonstration with CAM practitioners; 4) adapting/tailoring of existing curriculum; 5) external review of adaptations; 6) delivery of tailored curriculum to CAM practitioners with follow-up curriculum evaluation. RESULTS: CAM practitioners identified barriers and facilitators to addressing @entity286 use with @entity1 /clients and saw the relevance and acceptability of the intervention content. The intervention development process was attentive to their real world intervention concerns. Extensive intervention tailoring to the context of each CAM discipline was found unnecessary. @entity1 and advisors from all @entity4373 embraced training content, deeming it to have broad relevance and application across the three @entity4373 . All findings informed the final intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The participatory and iterative formative research process yielded an intervention with context validity in real-world CAM practices as it: 1) is @entity1 /client-centered, emphasizing the practitioner's role in a healing relationship; 2) is responsive to the different contexts of CAM practitioners' work and @entity1 /client relationships; 3) integrates relevant best practices from US Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guidelines on treating @entity286 dependence; and 4) is suited to the range of healing philosophies, scopes of practice and practice patterns found in participating CAM practitioners. The full CAMR study to evaluate the impact of the CAMR intervention on CAM practitioners' clinical behavior is underway.

title: Intervention development for integration of conventional XXXX cessation interventions into routine CAM practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity4373 :: ('MESH:C536589', 'Disease') :: ['CAM disciplines']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To understand the heterogeneous behaviors of individual @entity5 cells, it is essential to investigate gene expression levels as well as their divergence between different individual cells. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing-related technologies have enabled us to conduct a single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of a series of @entity2220 cell lines. RESULTS: We analyze a total of 336 single-cell RNA-Seq libraries from seven cell lines. The results are highly robust regarding both average expression levels and the relative gene expression differences between individual cells. Gene expression diversity is characteristic depending on genes and pathways. Analyses of individual cells treated with the multi- @entity4149 kinase inhibitor @entity4733 reveal that, while the ribosomal genes and many other so-called house-keeping genes reduce their relative expression diversity during the drug treatment, the genes that are directly targeted by @entity4733 , the @entity470 and @entity8958 genes, remain constant. Rigid transcriptional control of these genes may not allow plastic changes of their expression with the drug treatment or during the cellular acquisition of drug resistance. Additionally, we find that the gene expression patterns of @entity5 -related genes are sometimes more diverse than expected based on the founder cells. Furthermore, we find that this diversity is occasionally latent in a normal state and initially becomes apparent after the drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristic patterns in gene expression divergence, which would not be revealed by transcriptome analysis of bulk cells, may also play important roles when cells acquire drug resistance, perhaps by providing a cellular reservoir for gene expression programs.

title: Single-cell analysis of XXXX cell lines reveals diverse expression patterns of individual cells invoked by a molecular target drug treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4733 :: ('MESH:C452423', 'Chemical') :: ['vandetanib']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Inhaled @entity842 (iNO) is an important therapy for @entity649 ( @entity649 ), @entity120 and pediatric @entity1576 . Safety concerns regarding iNO and @entity8 have been reported; however, there are currently no systematic reviews on this issue. Our objective was to evaluate published @entity23 ( @entity23 ) to ascertain the risk of @entity8 associated with iNO therapy in @entity1 with and without @entity649 . METHODS: A systematic review of databases was performed to identify @entity23 which compared iNO with controls up to September 2014. Effect estimates for risk ratio (RR) of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Ten @entity23 involving 1363 @entity1 were included. Inhaled @entity842 significantly increased the risk of @entity810 compared with controls (RR, 1.4, 95%CI, 1.06 to 1.83, p   =   0.02). In the stratified analysis, a high cumulative-dose of iNO significantly increased the risk of @entity810 (RR, 1.52, 95%CI, 1.14 to 2.02, p   =   0.004), whereas medium and low cumulative-doses did not (RR, 0.64, 95%CI, 0.23 to 1.81 and RR, 0.56, 95%CI, 0.11 to 2.86 respectively). In subgroup analysis by study population, an increased risk of @entity810 was observed in @entity1 with @entity649 (RR, 1.55, 95%CI, 1.15 to 2.09, p   =   0.005) but not in those without (RR, 0.90, 95%CI, 0.49 to 1.67, p   =   0.75). CONCLUSIONS: The available data show that iNO therapy may increase the risk of @entity8 , especially with prolonged use and in @entity1 with @entity649 . The risk in pediatric population is unknown owing to limited data. We suggest monitoring renal function during iNO therapy, and that future trials of iNO should evaluate renal safety.

title: Inhaled @entity842 therapy and risk of XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemic respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal dysfunction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Inhaled @entity842 (iNO) is an important therapy for @entity649 ( @entity649 ), @entity120 and pediatric @entity1576 . Safety concerns regarding iNO and @entity8 have been reported; however, there are currently no systematic reviews on this issue. Our objective was to evaluate published @entity23 ( @entity23 ) to ascertain the risk of @entity8 associated with iNO therapy in @entity1 with and without @entity649 . METHODS: A systematic review of databases was performed to identify @entity23 which compared iNO with controls up to September 2014. Effect estimates for risk ratio (RR) of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Ten @entity23 involving 1363 @entity1 were included. Inhaled @entity842 significantly increased the risk of @entity810 compared with controls (RR, 1.4, 95%CI, 1.06 to 1.83, p   =   0.02). In the stratified analysis, a high cumulative-dose of iNO significantly increased the risk of @entity810 (RR, 1.52, 95%CI, 1.14 to 2.02, p   =   0.004), whereas medium and low cumulative-doses did not (RR, 0.64, 95%CI, 0.23 to 1.81 and RR, 0.56, 95%CI, 0.11 to 2.86 respectively). In subgroup analysis by study population, an increased risk of @entity810 was observed in @entity1 with @entity649 (RR, 1.55, 95%CI, 1.15 to 2.09, p   =   0.005) but not in those without (RR, 0.90, 95%CI, 0.49 to 1.67, p   =   0.75). CONCLUSIONS: The available data show that iNO therapy may increase the risk of @entity8 , especially with prolonged use and in @entity1 with @entity649 . The risk in pediatric population is unknown owing to limited data. We suggest monitoring renal function during iNO therapy, and that future trials of iNO should evaluate renal safety.

title: Inhaled XXXX therapy and risk of @entity8 : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the integrity of the visual system in @entity1 affected by @entity27 ( @entity27 ) by means of electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP). METHODS: We performed electrophysiological study of the visual system in a population of severe @entity27 ( @entity386 - @entity387 events/time in bed >=  30/h) @entity1 without medical comorbidities compared to a group of healthy controls similar for age, sex, and body mass index. @entity1 and controls did not have @entity227 with known influence on the visual system. ERG and VEP were elicited by a reversal pattern generated on a television monitor at low (55') and high (15') spatial frequencies stimulation. Daytime @entity25 was assessed using the @entity25 ( @entity25 ) in both @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: In comparison with healthy controls (n = 27), @entity1 with @entity27 (n = 27) showed a significant latency delay coupled with a significant amplitude reduction of @entity7286 wave of VEP at all spatial frequencies in both eyes. No significant differences between groups were detected as concerning ERG components. No correlations were found between polygraphic parameters, @entity25 scores, or VEP and ERG components in @entity27 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study documented that @entity1 with @entity27 , without medical comorbidities, present VEP alteration as documented by lower amplitude and longer latency of the @entity7286 component than healthy controls. These altered electrophysiological findings may be the expression of @entity1781 provoked by @entity519 , @entity520 , hypercarbia and @entity1224 , frequently observed in @entity1 with @entity27 . Hence, we hypothesize that @entity27 per se may impair optic nerve function.

title: Optic Nerve Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep XXXX : An Electrophysiological Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment or systemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'Epworth Sleepiness Scale', 'ESS']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['Apnea']


abstract: The localization of @entity1154 -containing neurons in the CNS of Aplysia depilans has been studied by fluorescent histochemistry (the @entity11571 condensation method) and microspectrofluorimetry. Yellow fluorescent nerve cells and fibers show the emission maximum at 515-520 nm which corresponds to that of @entity750 fluorophore in a model system. Green fluorescent nerve cells have the emission maximum at 485 nm which corresponds to that of @entity2922 . Central @entity2922 -containing neurons were found in cerebral, buccal, pedal and unpaired abdominal @entity21 . The majority of them were revealed in cerebral @entity21 (about 40). @entity750 -containing neurons are abundant in cerebral and pedal @entity21 . More than 30 @entity750 -containing nerve cells were localized in cerebral @entity21 . In the right pedal ganglion approximately 100 neurons were revealed; in the left one about 150. In the abdominal ganglion all nerve cells of this chemical type (except one) are located in the right hemiganglion. The results are summarized in corresponding schemes.

title: XXXX -containing neurons in the Aplysia brain.

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['Monoamine']


abstract: A total of 39 @entity1 with essential @entity9663 and 2 @entity1 with hemifacial @entity2473 were treated with one or more forms of therapy. All @entity1 underwent neurologic and ophthalmic assessment to rule out ocular causes of @entity9663 . Thirty-six @entity1 were given a trial of various medications. Only one @entity1 was successfully treated: her condition was markedly improved with @entity1766 after @entity5662 , @entity2053 and @entity7776 had failed to help. @entity1 who did not respond to drug therapy were offered the option of undergoing @entity3066 muscle stripping surgery. The six @entity1 who underwent surgery showed considerable improvement; however, side effects such as frontal anesthesia, exposure @entity1036 , lagophthalmus, @entity2318 and eyelid malposition occurred, and three of the six had residual @entity2473 . At this point type A botulinum toxin became available. A total of 27 @entity1 (26 who did not respond to drug therapy, including the 3 with residual @entity2473 after surgery, and 1 previously untreated @entity1 ) received type A botulinum toxin injections. Most experienced rapid relief from their spasms. The beneficial effects lasted weeks to months, and there were no major side effects. Treatment with type A botulinum toxin appears to be a safe and effective means of temporarily relieving @entity9663 . The long-term results with repeated injections are yet to be determined.

title: Treatment of XXXX with medication, surgery and type A botulinum toxin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1766 :: ('MESH:D010868', 'Chemical') :: ['pimozide']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity5662 :: ('MESH:D001590', 'Chemical') :: ['benztropine mesylate']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity3066 :: ('MESH:D005141', 'Disease') :: ['eyebrow-eyelid']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity9663 :: (MESH:D001764,Disease) :: ['blepharospasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The best treatment of sacral @entity3580 is surgical resection, nowadays associated with optimized radiation therapy. We analysed 1) the oncologic outcome in a large series; 2) the effect of previous intralesional surgery, resection level, @entity5 volume and margins on survivorship to @entity8950 ) the complication rate. METHODS: We reviewed 71 @entity1 with sacral @entity3580 . Forty-eight resections were proximal to S3. Mean @entity5 volume was 535 cm3. Eleven received previous intralesional surgery elsewhere. Margins were wide in 44 resections, wide-contaminated in 11, marginal in 9 and intralesional in 7. RESULTS: Overall survival was 92%, 65% and 44% at 5, 10 and 15 years. At a mean of 9.5 years 37 were NED (54.4%), 23 died with disease (33.8%) and 8 were alive with disease (11.7%). Relapses included 15 LRs, 6 distant metastases, 17 both. LR rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with previous surgery (p=0.0217), with inadequate margins (p= 0.0339) and large @entity5 (p<0.01), whereas resection level was not significant. Multivariate analysis confirmed the role of @entity5 volume. Complication rate was high (80.9%) with an infection rate of 41.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The most prominent adverse factor for LR was previous intralesional surgery. LR rate was related with inadequate margins and @entity5 volume. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:344-351.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Prognostic factors in surgical resection of sacral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas', 'chordoma']

entities_list: @entity8950 :: ('4041', 'Gene') :: ['local recurrence (LR) and 3']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present study was to analyse the patterns of treatment adjustment in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 with active disease in routine clinical care. This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive @entity1 with @entity309 conducted in five hospitals. Activity scales (DAS28-ESR) and function (HAQ) were measured, as well as whether ultrasound was performed as part of the assessment. Treatment decision (no changes/reduction/intensification) and time to the next scheduled visit were the outcomes variables. Associated factors were analysed by multilevel regression models. A total of 343 @entity1 were included (77  % @entity1 , mean age 57  years, mean @entity309 duration 10  years), of whom 44  % were in remission by DAS28. Treatment was continued in 202 (59  %) @entity1 , reduced in 57 (16  %), and intensified in 83 (24  %). In the 117 @entity1 with active @entity309 (DAS28  >=   3.2), treatment was intensified in 61 (52  %). Factors associated with treatment intensification were physician and @entity1 VAS, and DAS28, but not the centre. In the multilevel regression analysis with intensification of treatment as dependent variable, the following factors were significantly associated: DAS28 [OR 3.67 (95  % CI 2.43-5.52)], @entity1 VAS [OR 1.04 (95  % CI 1.01-1.08)], and have performed an ultrasound [OR 3.36 (95  % CI 1.47-7.68)]. Factors associated with time to the next scheduled visit (an average of 4.3  months) were @entity1 and physician VAS, DAS28, and centre. In clinical practice, half of the @entity1 with active @entity309 maintain or reduce the treatment. The decision to intensify treatment in active @entity309 as recommended by a treat-to-target strategy is complex in practice.

title: Factors associated with the intensification of treatment in XXXX in clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: 72 @entity1 with @entity5426 ( @entity5426 ) of the face and scalp have been analyzed with respect of various prognostic factors and the effects of different treatment regimes. This disease predominantly occurs in the elderly (age range, 56-92 years), and affects @entity1 rather more frequently than @entity1 ( @entity1 : 44, @entity1 : 28). The clinical presentation varied, and included @entity75 , dusky plaques, chronic @entity4 or @entity2688 , ulcerated nodules, @entity6793 , and infected conditions. Due to lack of clinical awareness and problems with histologic assessment, delays in diagnosis were frequent. The majority of the @entity5 arose in the upper part of the face or scalp. Less commonly, the central part of the face was affected while only three @entity5 developed in the mandibular region. Overall the prognosis was poor; one half of the @entity1 died within 15 months of presentation. Only 12% of the @entity1 survived 5 years or more. @entity1 with lesions that were less than 10 cm in diameter responded better to treatment and statistically survived longer than those with larger lesions, emphasizing the crucial importance of early diagnosis. There is some indication that @entity1 , younger @entity1 , @entity1 with lesions on the central part of the face survived longer, but this was not of statistical significance. The histologic differentiation of the @entity5 at presentation also was of doubtful prognostic significance. Despite the overall poor prognosis, radical radiotherapy (mostly wide-field electron-beam therapy) in seven @entity1 resulted in the apparent eradication of the @entity272 and prolonged survival of the @entity1 . Pulmonary metastases developed 10 years later in two of those @entity1 , however, but the face and scalp remained @entity5 -free.

title: XXXX of the face and scalp, prognosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bruise-like lesions']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['local skin disease']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcoma']


abstract: In adults, @entity358 are candidates for surgery due to symptoms. A pre-natal diagnosis is simple and effective, and allows an early thoracoscopic surgical treatment. A retrospective study was performed to assess management in two different populations of adults and @entity1 to define the best strategy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Pulmonary malformations followed at the University Hospital from 2000 to 2012 were reviewed. Clinical history, @entity600 site, duration of hospitalisation, complications and pathology examinations were collected. RESULTS: A total of 52 cases (33 @entity1 , 19 adults) were identified. In @entity1 , 28 asymptomatic cases were diagnosed pre-natally and 5 during the neonatal period due to @entity281 . Surgery was performed on the @entity1 between the ages of 2 and 6 months. Nineteen adults underwent surgery, 16 because of symptoms and 3 adults for anomalies mimicking @entity5 . The mean age within the adult group was 42.5 years. In @entity1 , there was one thoracotomy and 32 thoracoscopies, with 7 conversions for difficult exposure, dissection of vascular pedicles, @entity548 or @entity130 . In the adults, there were 15 thoracotomies and 4 thoracoscopies, with one conversion. @entity532 in the adults were twice as frequent than in @entity1 . The mean time of the @entity1 's hospitalisation was 7.75 days versus 7.16 days for the adults. Pathological examinations showed in the @entity1 : 7 sequestrations, 18 congenital @entity358 ( @entity358 ), 8 @entity358 associated sequestrations; in adults: 16 sequestrations, 3 intra-pulmonary cysts. CONCLUSION: Early thoracoscopic surgery allows pulmonary parenchyma conservation with pulmonary development, reduces respiratory and infectious complications, eliminates a false positive @entity5 diagnosis later in life and decreases risks of @entity85 .

title: XXXX and sequestration: Two standpoints for a single condition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['congenital pulmonary malformations', 'CPAM', 'cystic pulmonary malformations']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic parietal deformation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial injury']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Congenital pulmonary airway malformation']


abstract: The role of hyperthermic isolation perfusion in the treatment of advanced @entity320 of the limbs is clearly important. However, attention has in the past been focussed mainly on surgical aspects of the procedure. Whereas, equivalent interest in chemotherapy considerations has been lacking. A group of 15 @entity1 have been treated by hyperthermic isolated perfusion for advanced @entity320 of the limbs. The chemotherapeutic agent used was @entity900 . The follow-up period was 6 to 60 months. None of these @entity1 had any sign or symptoms of @entity137 from the drug. Twelve of these 15 @entity1 are free of disease currently. There was one case of mortality due to unrelated cause and two cases of mortality due to disseminated disease which developed 6 months and 30 months, respectively, posttreatment. Since not uncommon toxic side effects from other drugs used for this procedure is significant, these results suggest that @entity900 may be used as an alternative chemotherapeutic agent in isolation perfusion for advanced @entity320 of the extremities.

title: Isolation perfusion with XXXX for malignant @entity320 of the limbs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The role of hyperthermic isolation perfusion in the treatment of advanced @entity320 of the limbs is clearly important. However, attention has in the past been focussed mainly on surgical aspects of the procedure. Whereas, equivalent interest in chemotherapy considerations has been lacking. A group of 15 @entity1 have been treated by hyperthermic isolated perfusion for advanced @entity320 of the limbs. The chemotherapeutic agent used was @entity900 . The follow-up period was 6 to 60 months. None of these @entity1 had any sign or symptoms of @entity137 from the drug. Twelve of these 15 @entity1 are free of disease currently. There was one case of mortality due to unrelated cause and two cases of mortality due to disseminated disease which developed 6 months and 30 months, respectively, posttreatment. Since not uncommon toxic side effects from other drugs used for this procedure is significant, these results suggest that @entity900 may be used as an alternative chemotherapeutic agent in isolation perfusion for advanced @entity320 of the extremities.

title: Isolation perfusion with @entity900 for malignant XXXX of the limbs.

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Public health initiatives world-wide recommend increasing physical activity (PA) to improve health. However, the dose and the intensity of PA producing the most benefit are still debated. Accurate assessment of PA is necessary in order to 1) investigate the dose-response relationship between PA and health, 2) shape the most beneficial public health initiatives and 3) test the effectiveness of such initiatives. Actigraph accelerometer is widely used to objectively assess PA, and the raw data is given in counts per unit time. Count-thresholds for low, moderate and vigorous PA are mostly based on absolute intensity. This leads to largely inadequate PA intensity assessment in a large proportion of the elderly, who due to their declining maximal @entity26 uptake (VO2max) cannot reach the moderate/vigorous intensity as defined in absolute terms. To resolve this issue, here we report relative Actigraph intensity-thresholds for the elderly. METHODS: Submaximal- @entity26 -uptake, VO2max and maximal heart rate (HRmax) were measured in 111 70-77 year olds, while wearing an Actigraph-GT3X+. Relationship between VO2max percentage (%), counts-per-minute (CPM) and gender (for both the @entity2270 ( @entity2270 ) and vector-magnitude (VM)) and VO2max% and HRmax% was established using a mixed-regression-model. VM-and @entity2270 -models were tested against each other to see which model predicts intensity of PA better. RESULTS: VO2max and gender significantly affected number of CPM at different PA intensities (p   <   0.05). Therefore, intensity-thresholds were created for both @entity1 and @entity1 of ranging VO2max values (low, medium, high). VM-model was found to be a better predictor of PA-intensity than @entity2270 -model (p   <   0.05). Established thresholds for moderate intensity (46-63  % of VO2max) ranged from 669-3367 and 834-4048 CPM and vigorous intensity (64-90  % of VO2max) from 1625-4868 and 2012-5423CPM, for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Lastly, we used this evidence to derive a formula that predicts customized relative intensity of PA (either VO2max% or HRmax%) using counts-per-minute values as input. CONCLUSION: Intensity-thresholds depend on VO2max, gender and Actigraph-axis. PA intensity-thresholds that take all these factors into account allow for more accurate relative intensity  PA assessment in the elderly and will be useful in future PA research. TRIAL REGISTRATION: (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02017847 , registered 17. December 2013).

title: New relative intensity ambulatory accelerometer thresholds for elderly XXXX and @entity1 : the Generation 100 study.

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['VA', 'vertical-axis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Public health initiatives world-wide recommend increasing physical activity (PA) to improve health. However, the dose and the intensity of PA producing the most benefit are still debated. Accurate assessment of PA is necessary in order to 1) investigate the dose-response relationship between PA and health, 2) shape the most beneficial public health initiatives and 3) test the effectiveness of such initiatives. Actigraph accelerometer is widely used to objectively assess PA, and the raw data is given in counts per unit time. Count-thresholds for low, moderate and vigorous PA are mostly based on absolute intensity. This leads to largely inadequate PA intensity assessment in a large proportion of the elderly, who due to their declining maximal @entity26 uptake (VO2max) cannot reach the moderate/vigorous intensity as defined in absolute terms. To resolve this issue, here we report relative Actigraph intensity-thresholds for the elderly. METHODS: Submaximal- @entity26 -uptake, VO2max and maximal heart rate (HRmax) were measured in 111 70-77 year olds, while wearing an Actigraph-GT3X+. Relationship between VO2max percentage (%), counts-per-minute (CPM) and gender (for both the @entity2270 ( @entity2270 ) and vector-magnitude (VM)) and VO2max% and HRmax% was established using a mixed-regression-model. VM-and @entity2270 -models were tested against each other to see which model predicts intensity of PA better. RESULTS: VO2max and gender significantly affected number of CPM at different PA intensities (p   <   0.05). Therefore, intensity-thresholds were created for both @entity1 and @entity1 of ranging VO2max values (low, medium, high). VM-model was found to be a better predictor of PA-intensity than @entity2270 -model (p   <   0.05). Established thresholds for moderate intensity (46-63  % of VO2max) ranged from 669-3367 and 834-4048 CPM and vigorous intensity (64-90  % of VO2max) from 1625-4868 and 2012-5423CPM, for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Lastly, we used this evidence to derive a formula that predicts customized relative intensity of PA (either VO2max% or HRmax%) using counts-per-minute values as input. CONCLUSION: Intensity-thresholds depend on VO2max, gender and Actigraph-axis. PA intensity-thresholds that take all these factors into account allow for more accurate relative intensity  PA assessment in the elderly and will be useful in future PA research. TRIAL REGISTRATION: (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02017847 , registered 17. December 2013).

title: New relative intensity ambulatory accelerometer thresholds for elderly @entity1 and XXXX : the Generation 100 study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The proliferation pattern of some scattered clones of naturally occurring follicular cells with an exceedingly high intrinsic growth potential was investigated in the @entity19 thyroid gland. In particular, evidence was sought to demonstrate that the high propensity to replicate is a stable trait transmitted from the progenitor cells to their offspring. We hypothesize that these cell clones are at the origin of the multiple @entity652 that invariably arise in chronically stimulated thyroid. Growth stimulation was induced either by hemithyroidectomy or by @entity3937 feeding. In a first series of experiments, involving hemithyroidectomized animals, @entity665 was administered continuously for 3 weeks by means of osmotic minipumps, so that all cells entering the mitotic cycle during that time were labeled. Hemithyroidectomy led to a 3-fold increase of the fraction of labeled cells in the remaining lobe. The increase was prevented by @entity1955 treatment in thyroid-stimulating hormone-suppressing doses. Autoradiographs of contiguous serial sections across whole follicles showed that roughly 75% of the labeled cells were clustered in groups of 3 or more, rather than being randomly distributed. In a second set of experiments, glands stimulated by @entity3937 -induced thyroid-stimulating hormone hypersecretion were pulse-labeled by a single i.p. injection of @entity665 . Animals were sacrificed either 2 h or 3 weeks after the administration of the label. The thyroids were excised and the fate of labeled thyroid cells was analyzed autoradiographically. In the 2-h exposure, about 95% of all labeled follicular cells were single and the remaining 5% were in pairs. In contrast, about 50% of all labeled cells were clustered in groups of 3 to 12 cells 3 weeks after the pulse labeling. The number of @entity575 grains per nucleus was compared to that of the identically exposed controls. The intensity of label per cell appeared to be decreased in proportion to the size of the labeled clusters, indicating that clusters had generated several subsequent generations of cells. The results support previously produced evidence that highly growth-prone cells naturally occur within the normal thyroid and demonstrate, in addition, that their high intrinsic growth rate is a stable, inheritable trait. Cells which replicate at a rate faster than that of the average epithelial cell have a tendency to overgrow during goitrogenesis. They may be at the very origin of the nodules and @entity652 commonly found in experimentally produced and naturally occurring @entity5651 .

title: Naturally occurring clones of cells with high intrinsic proliferation potential within the follicular epithelium of XXXX thyroids.

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5018 is one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that have been shown to selectively lower pathogenic amyloid beta-peptide (Ab)42 without impairing overall y-secretase activity in vitro. This y-secretase modulator (GSM) activity has been hypothesized to contribute to the reduction in risk of developing @entity195 in chronic users of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, it is unclear whether @entity5018 , within therapeutic dosing range, demonstrates GSM activity in @entity1 . In this study, we evaluated the effects of @entity5018 and a second-generation GSM, @entity23756 , on Ab levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of young nonhuman primates and @entity1 . METHODS: Five to seven conscious @entity5434 ( @entity5434 ) were nontreated or treated with 30 mg/kg @entity23756 or 50 or 100 mg/kg @entity5018 and the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were sampled at -8, 0 (baseline or right before treatment), 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h postdosing. In addition, sixteen healthy @entity1 subjects were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or 800 mg @entity5018 given by intravenous administration and plasma were collected at 0 (before drug infusion), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h after dosing. RESULTS: A single dose of @entity23756 (30 mg/kg) decreased the ratio of Ab42 to Ab40 to 60% in plasma and the ratio of Ab42 to total Ab to 65% in cerebrospinal fluid from baseline to postdosing in monkeys. However, no significant changes were detected following @entity5018 treatment at 100 mg/kg. Consistent with the results from nonhuman primates, @entity5018 did not alter plasma Ab levels in @entity1 volunteers after a single 800 mg dose. CONCLUSIONS: @entity23756 exerted potent lowering of the ratio of Ab42 to Ab40 in nonhuman primates but the hypothesized GSM activity of @entity5018 could not be demonstrated in nonhuman primates and @entity1 after acute dosing.

title: Modulation of Ab42 in vivo by y-secretase modulator in primates and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Macaca fascicularis', 'cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Phrenic nerve transfer is a major dynamic treatment used to repair brachial plexus root @entity155 . We analyzed 72 relevant articles on phrenic nerve transfer to repair injured brachial plexus that were indexed by Science Citation Index. The keywords searched were @entity2685 , phrenic nerve, repair, surgery, protection, nerve transfer, and nerve graft. In addition, we performed neurophysiological analysis of the @entity558 and prognosis of 10 @entity1 undergoing @entity129 in our hospital from 2008 to 201 3 and observed the electromyograms of the biceps brachii and motor conduction function of the musculocutaneous nerve. Clinically, approximately 28% of @entity1 had @entity2685 combined with phrenic @entity128 , and injured phrenic nerve cannot be used as a nerve graft. After phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve, the regenerated potentials first appeared at 3 months. Recovery of motor unit action potential occurred 6 months later and became more apparent at 12 months. The percent of @entity1 recovering 'excellent' and 'good' muscle strength in the biceps brachii was 80% after 18 months. At 12 months after surgery, motor nerve conduction potential appeared in the musculocutaneous nerve in seven cases. These data suggest that preoperative evaluation of phrenic nerve function may help identify the most appropriate nerve graft in @entity1 with an injured brachial plexus. The functional recovery of a transplanted nerve can be dynamically observed after the surgery.

title: @entity129 for the repair of XXXX : electrophysiological characteristics.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative condition']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus injury']


abstract: Phrenic nerve transfer is a major dynamic treatment used to repair brachial plexus root @entity155 . We analyzed 72 relevant articles on phrenic nerve transfer to repair injured brachial plexus that were indexed by Science Citation Index. The keywords searched were @entity2685 , phrenic nerve, repair, surgery, protection, nerve transfer, and nerve graft. In addition, we performed neurophysiological analysis of the @entity558 and prognosis of 10 @entity1 undergoing @entity129 in our hospital from 2008 to 201 3 and observed the electromyograms of the biceps brachii and motor conduction function of the musculocutaneous nerve. Clinically, approximately 28% of @entity1 had @entity2685 combined with phrenic @entity128 , and injured phrenic nerve cannot be used as a nerve graft. After phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve, the regenerated potentials first appeared at 3 months. Recovery of motor unit action potential occurred 6 months later and became more apparent at 12 months. The percent of @entity1 recovering 'excellent' and 'good' muscle strength in the biceps brachii was 80% after 18 months. At 12 months after surgery, motor nerve conduction potential appeared in the musculocutaneous nerve in seven cases. These data suggest that preoperative evaluation of phrenic nerve function may help identify the most appropriate nerve graft in @entity1 with an injured brachial plexus. The functional recovery of a transplanted nerve can be dynamically observed after the surgery.

title: XXXX for the repair of @entity2685 : electrophysiological characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['Phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve']


abstract: Estrogenic regulation of gene expression involves interaction of the hormone with its receptors, which undergo structural and conformational changes to interact with specific DNA sequences. @entity7224 , @entity11667 , and @entity8037 , are ubiquitous cellular components. We studied the effects of these @entity4663 on @entity95 uterine @entity172 receptors by @entity969 gradient centrifugation and ligand dissociation kinetics. The native 7S receptor converted to a 9S-10S form in the presence of 100 microM @entity11667 or @entity8037 . Higher concentrations caused precipitation of the receptor. This precipitation was reduced by RNase treatment of the receptor. RNase-treated receptors sedimented at 4S and 7S regions of @entity969 gradient. The dissociation rate constant (k) of the 4S receptor is 2.8 X 10(-3) min-1 in the presence of 1 mM @entity11667 , compared to a control value of 7.7 X 10(-3) min-1. Similar effects were observed with @entity7224 and @entity8037 . The dissociation of the RNase-treated 7S receptor was biphasic, with about 50% of the receptors dissociating at a faster rate (k1 = 40 X 10(-3) min-1) than the other half (k2 = 7.4 X 10(-3) min-1). @entity11667 (1 mM) caused a 2-fold reduction in k2, whereas k1 was not affected. This study shows that @entity4663 affect the structural organization and ligand dissociation kinetics of @entity172 -receptor complexes.

title: Structural alterations and stabilization of @entity95 uterine @entity172 receptors by natural XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine', 'Putrescine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['Spermidine', 'spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['polyamines']


abstract: Estrogenic regulation of gene expression involves interaction of the hormone with its receptors, which undergo structural and conformational changes to interact with specific DNA sequences. @entity7224 , @entity11667 , and @entity8037 , are ubiquitous cellular components. We studied the effects of these @entity4663 on @entity95 uterine @entity172 receptors by @entity969 gradient centrifugation and ligand dissociation kinetics. The native 7S receptor converted to a 9S-10S form in the presence of 100 microM @entity11667 or @entity8037 . Higher concentrations caused precipitation of the receptor. This precipitation was reduced by RNase treatment of the receptor. RNase-treated receptors sedimented at 4S and 7S regions of @entity969 gradient. The dissociation rate constant (k) of the 4S receptor is 2.8 X 10(-3) min-1 in the presence of 1 mM @entity11667 , compared to a control value of 7.7 X 10(-3) min-1. Similar effects were observed with @entity7224 and @entity8037 . The dissociation of the RNase-treated 7S receptor was biphasic, with about 50% of the receptors dissociating at a faster rate (k1 = 40 X 10(-3) min-1) than the other half (k2 = 7.4 X 10(-3) min-1). @entity11667 (1 mM) caused a 2-fold reduction in k2, whereas k1 was not affected. This study shows that @entity4663 affect the structural organization and ligand dissociation kinetics of @entity172 -receptor complexes.

title: Structural alterations and stabilization of XXXX uterine @entity172 receptors by natural @entity4663 .

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Estrogenic regulation of gene expression involves interaction of the hormone with its receptors, which undergo structural and conformational changes to interact with specific DNA sequences. @entity7224 , @entity11667 , and @entity8037 , are ubiquitous cellular components. We studied the effects of these @entity4663 on @entity95 uterine @entity172 receptors by @entity969 gradient centrifugation and ligand dissociation kinetics. The native 7S receptor converted to a 9S-10S form in the presence of 100 microM @entity11667 or @entity8037 . Higher concentrations caused precipitation of the receptor. This precipitation was reduced by RNase treatment of the receptor. RNase-treated receptors sedimented at 4S and 7S regions of @entity969 gradient. The dissociation rate constant (k) of the 4S receptor is 2.8 X 10(-3) min-1 in the presence of 1 mM @entity11667 , compared to a control value of 7.7 X 10(-3) min-1. Similar effects were observed with @entity7224 and @entity8037 . The dissociation of the RNase-treated 7S receptor was biphasic, with about 50% of the receptors dissociating at a faster rate (k1 = 40 X 10(-3) min-1) than the other half (k2 = 7.4 X 10(-3) min-1). @entity11667 (1 mM) caused a 2-fold reduction in k2, whereas k1 was not affected. This study shows that @entity4663 affect the structural organization and ligand dissociation kinetics of @entity172 -receptor complexes.

title: Structural alterations and stabilization of @entity95 uterine XXXX receptors by natural @entity4663 .

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Six isolates of @entity14261 were isolated from leaves and stems of different @entity523 varieties taken from four areas in the northwest of Algeria where @entity523 is mostly grown in greenhouses and high tunnels. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of two salts, @entity4202 and @entity15130 , on three stages of @entity14261 's life cycle. All isolates tested were stimulated in 50 to 150   ppm; @entity4202 was the most effective treatment to increase mycelial growth at two tested concentrations. However, at 300   ppm concentration, @entity15130 completely inhibited the growth of mycelium; they reach 34.78% for the isolate TR46 and 26.72% for isolate F27. The @entity1372 and @entity460 salts stimulated conidia production in liquid culture. We noticed that the effect of @entity12374 on sporulation was average while @entity2827 . In the medium containing 50   ppm, @entity12374 and @entity2827 increased the germination capacity of most isolates compared with the control. Other @entity460 salts, at 100 or 300   ppm, decreased the germination percentage of the conidia. With the exception of @entity1372 salts, the inhibitions of germination reduce at 150 or 300 compared with the control. Conidial germination was slightly inhibited by @entity2827 only when the concentration was over 300   ppm.

title: Effects of Two Salts Compounds on Mycelial Growth, Sporulation, and Spore Germination of Six Isolates of XXXX in the Western North of Algeria.

entities_list: @entity14261 :: ('40559', 'Species') :: ['Botrytis cinerea']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity14261 :: (40559,Species) :: ['Botrytis cinerea']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Blood @entity880 levels are increasingly used to monitor @entity1 . @entity230 are frequently administered to critically ill @entity1 . However, the effect of @entity230 on @entity880 levels has not been adequately investigated. We studied the effect of a single intraoperative high dose of @entity619 on @entity880 and @entity413 levels in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: The @entity619 for Cardiac Surgery (DECS) trial was a multicenter randomized trial on the effect of @entity619 1 mg/kg versus placebo on clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery in adults. Here we report a pre-planned secondary analysis of data from DECS trial @entity1 included at the University Medical Center Groningen. The use of a computer-assisted @entity413 regulation protocol-- @entity413 Regulation for Intensive care @entity1 (GRIP)--was part of routine postoperative care. GRIP aimed at @entity413 levels of 4 to 8 mmol/L. Primary outcome parameters were area under the @entity880 and @entity413 curves over the first 15 hours of ICU stay (AUC      ). ICU length of stay and mortality were observed as well. RESULTS: The primary outcome could be determined in 497 @entity1 of the 500 included @entity1 . During the first 15 hours of ICU stay, @entity880 and @entity413 levels were significantly higher in the @entity619 group than in the placebo group: @entity880 AUC       25.8 (13.1) versus 19.9 (11.2) mmol/L   *   hour, P <0.001 and @entity413 AUC       126.5 (13.0) versus 114.4 (13.9) mmol/L   *   hour, P <0.001. In this period, @entity1 in the @entity619 group required twice as much insulin compared with @entity1 who had received placebo. Multivariate and cross-correlation analyses suggest that the effect of @entity619 on @entity880 levels is related to preceding increased @entity413 levels. @entity1 in the placebo group were more likely to stay in the ICU for more than 24 hours (39.2%) compared with @entity1 in the @entity619 group (25.0%, P   =   0.001), and 30-day mortality rates were 1.6% and 2.4%, respectively (P   =   0.759). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative high-dose @entity619 increased postoperative @entity880 and @entity413 levels in the first 15 hours of ICU stay. Still, @entity1 in the @entity619 group had a shorter ICU length of stay and similar mortality compared with controls. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00293592 . Registered 16 February 2006.

title: Effect of high-dose @entity619 on perioperative XXXX levels and @entity413 control: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Blood @entity880 levels are increasingly used to monitor @entity1 . @entity230 are frequently administered to critically ill @entity1 . However, the effect of @entity230 on @entity880 levels has not been adequately investigated. We studied the effect of a single intraoperative high dose of @entity619 on @entity880 and @entity413 levels in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: The @entity619 for Cardiac Surgery (DECS) trial was a multicenter randomized trial on the effect of @entity619 1 mg/kg versus placebo on clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery in adults. Here we report a pre-planned secondary analysis of data from DECS trial @entity1 included at the University Medical Center Groningen. The use of a computer-assisted @entity413 regulation protocol-- @entity413 Regulation for Intensive care @entity1 (GRIP)--was part of routine postoperative care. GRIP aimed at @entity413 levels of 4 to 8 mmol/L. Primary outcome parameters were area under the @entity880 and @entity413 curves over the first 15 hours of ICU stay (AUC      ). ICU length of stay and mortality were observed as well. RESULTS: The primary outcome could be determined in 497 @entity1 of the 500 included @entity1 . During the first 15 hours of ICU stay, @entity880 and @entity413 levels were significantly higher in the @entity619 group than in the placebo group: @entity880 AUC       25.8 (13.1) versus 19.9 (11.2) mmol/L   *   hour, P <0.001 and @entity413 AUC       126.5 (13.0) versus 114.4 (13.9) mmol/L   *   hour, P <0.001. In this period, @entity1 in the @entity619 group required twice as much insulin compared with @entity1 who had received placebo. Multivariate and cross-correlation analyses suggest that the effect of @entity619 on @entity880 levels is related to preceding increased @entity413 levels. @entity1 in the placebo group were more likely to stay in the ICU for more than 24 hours (39.2%) compared with @entity1 in the @entity619 group (25.0%, P   =   0.001), and 30-day mortality rates were 1.6% and 2.4%, respectively (P   =   0.759). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative high-dose @entity619 increased postoperative @entity880 and @entity413 levels in the first 15 hours of ICU stay. Still, @entity1 in the @entity619 group had a shorter ICU length of stay and similar mortality compared with controls. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00293592 . Registered 16 February 2006.

title: Effect of high-dose XXXX on perioperative @entity880 levels and @entity413 control: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Blood @entity880 levels are increasingly used to monitor @entity1 . @entity230 are frequently administered to critically ill @entity1 . However, the effect of @entity230 on @entity880 levels has not been adequately investigated. We studied the effect of a single intraoperative high dose of @entity619 on @entity880 and @entity413 levels in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: The @entity619 for Cardiac Surgery (DECS) trial was a multicenter randomized trial on the effect of @entity619 1 mg/kg versus placebo on clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery in adults. Here we report a pre-planned secondary analysis of data from DECS trial @entity1 included at the University Medical Center Groningen. The use of a computer-assisted @entity413 regulation protocol-- @entity413 Regulation for Intensive care @entity1 (GRIP)--was part of routine postoperative care. GRIP aimed at @entity413 levels of 4 to 8 mmol/L. Primary outcome parameters were area under the @entity880 and @entity413 curves over the first 15 hours of ICU stay (AUC      ). ICU length of stay and mortality were observed as well. RESULTS: The primary outcome could be determined in 497 @entity1 of the 500 included @entity1 . During the first 15 hours of ICU stay, @entity880 and @entity413 levels were significantly higher in the @entity619 group than in the placebo group: @entity880 AUC       25.8 (13.1) versus 19.9 (11.2) mmol/L   *   hour, P <0.001 and @entity413 AUC       126.5 (13.0) versus 114.4 (13.9) mmol/L   *   hour, P <0.001. In this period, @entity1 in the @entity619 group required twice as much insulin compared with @entity1 who had received placebo. Multivariate and cross-correlation analyses suggest that the effect of @entity619 on @entity880 levels is related to preceding increased @entity413 levels. @entity1 in the placebo group were more likely to stay in the ICU for more than 24 hours (39.2%) compared with @entity1 in the @entity619 group (25.0%, P   =   0.001), and 30-day mortality rates were 1.6% and 2.4%, respectively (P   =   0.759). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative high-dose @entity619 increased postoperative @entity880 and @entity413 levels in the first 15 hours of ICU stay. Still, @entity1 in the @entity619 group had a shorter ICU length of stay and similar mortality compared with controls. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00293592 . Registered 16 February 2006.

title: Effect of high-dose @entity619 on perioperative @entity880 levels and XXXX control: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite improvements in pre-hospital and post-arrest critical care, @entity1164 ( @entity1167 ) remains one of the leading causes of @entity204 . Improving circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may improve survival rates and long-term clinical outcomes after @entity1167 . METHODS: In a porcine model, we compared standard CPR (sCPR; n =10) with CPR using an intravascular cardiac assist device without additional chest compressions (iCPR; n =10) following 10  minutes of electrically induced @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). In a separate crossover experiment, 10 additional @entity1707 were subjected to 10  minutes of @entity2224 and 6  minutes of sCPR; the iCPR device was then implanted if a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was not achieved using sCPR. Animals were evaluated in respect to intra- and post-arrest hemodynamics, survival, functional outcome and cerebral and @entity296 following CPR. We hypothesized that iCPR would result in more frequent ROSC and better functional recovery than sCPR. RESULTS: iCPR produced a mean flow of 1.36        0.02  L/min, leading to significantly higher coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) values during the early period of CPR (22        10  mmHg vs. 9        5  mmHg, P  <=0.01, 1  minute after start of CPR; 20        11  mmHg vs. 10        7  mmHg, P =0.03, 2  minutes after start of CPR), resulting in high ROSC rates (100% in iCPR vs. 50% in sCPR animals; P =0.03). iCPR animals showed significantly lower serum S100 levels at 10 and 30  minutes following ROSC (3.5        0.6  ng/ml vs. 7.4        3.0  ng/ml 30  minutes after ROSC; P  <=0.01), as well as superior clinical outcomes based on overall performance categories (2.9        1.0 vs. 4.6        0.8 on day 1; P  <=0.01). In crossover experiments, 80% of animals required treatment with iCPR after failed sCPR. Notably, ROSC was still achieved in six of the remaining eight animals (75%) after a total of 22.8        5.1  minutes of @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: In a model of prolonged @entity1167 , the use of iCPR instead of sCPR improved CPP and doubled ROSC rates, translating into improved clinical outcomes.

title: Doubling survival and improving clinical outcomes using a left ventricular assist device instead of chest compressions for resuscitation after prolonged XXXX : a large animal study.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CA']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']