abstract: UNASSIGNED: Social @entity148 is characterized by an excessive fear of being embarrassed in social interactions or social performance situations. Emotional support can help to decrease or diminish social distress. Such support may play an important role at different points of social interaction. However, it is unclear how the beneficial effects of social support are represented in the brains of socially anxious individuals. To explore this, we used the same paradigm previously used to examine the effects of emotional support on social @entity158 caused by exclusion. Undergraduates (n = 46) showing a wide range of social @entity148 scores underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while participating in a Cyberball game. @entity1 were initially included and later excluded from the game. In the latter half of the session in which @entity1 were excluded, they were provided with supportive messages. In line with our previous work, we found that social exclusion led to increased anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity, whereas emotional support led to increased left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity. Despite validation of the paradigm, social @entity148 was not associated with increased ACC activity during social exclusion, or during perceived emotional support. Instead, fear of negative evaluation as assessed by the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE) scale showed positive associations with left DLPFC activation while receiving emotional support, compared to while being socially excluded. The more socially anxious an individual was, the greater was the left DLPFC activity increased during receipt of messages. This suggests that highly socially anxious @entity1 still have the ability to perceive social support, but that they are nevertheless susceptible to negative evaluation by others.

title: fMRI Study of XXXX during Social Ostracism with and without Emotional Support.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Social Anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Shared decision making (SDM) for @entity263 screening (PCS) is recommended for physicians and @entity1 due to the uncertainty regarding the risks and benefits of screening. METHODS: We assessed primary care physicians' attitudes and specific factors that may influence the SDM process, including level of training and practice setting. @entity1 included academic clinicians (n=16), interns/residents (n=84) and community clinicians (n=35). Physicians completed a 26-item survey that assessed attitudes about the SDM process for PCS. RESULTS: More physicians endorsed SDM (47.4%) or the @entity1 deciding (35.6%), while few physicians wanted to decide for their @entity1 about screening. However, 54.8% endorsed an annual PSA as the standard of care. Most felt that decisions should be based on full disclosure of the risks and benefits of testing (93.3%), and few believed that the sensitivity and specificity of the PSA was adequate (36.6%). Across all physicians, lack of time, competing health demands, malpractice fears, and @entity1 interest were all commonly cited as potential factors that influence the SDM process. Compared to academic clinicians and interns/residents, community clinicians were more likely to endorse annual screening, to be concerned about malpractice, and to agree that PSA sensitivity and specificity are acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate physician, @entity1 and systemic factors regarding the PCS decision. Further effort is needed to overcome the barriers of engaging @entity1 in SDM if we want to truly promote effective SDM for PCS, as espoused by national guidelines.

title: Physicians' attitudes about shared decision making for XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) is an @entity14827 . The genetic cause is an expansion of CAG repeats located in the @entity2034 gene. Though the number of CAG repeats ((CAG)n) can largely explain the @entity22072 ( @entity22072 ), a percentage of its variation could be attributed to modifier genes and to environmental factors. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of genetic modifiers of the @entity22072 of @entity2033 including: (CAG)n and del2642 in the @entity2034 gene, @entity28569 @entity28571 , @entity31482 @entity72998 , @entity6217 @entity33975 and @entity5855 @entity72999 . Eighteen @entity1 with positive family history and @entity2033 suggestive symptoms were recruited. The (CAG)n and gene polymorphisms were determined by different molecular biology techniques. We observed that the (CAG)n influenced in a 64.5% of the variability in the @entity22072 . We also showed that the @entity28571 variant significantly affected this variability. However, the influence of @entity5855 , del2642, @entity31482 and @entity6217 gene polymorphisms could not be replicated, perhaps due to small sample size. Genetic studies including the molecular determination of (CAG)n in addition to other genetic modifiers involved in the variability of the @entity22072 were first performed in Uruguay. We could replicate in our cohort the anticipation effect on the @entity22072 by the @entity28569 @entity28571 . Our results confirm the usefulness of an expanded molecular characterization in @entity2033 @entity1 .

title: Molecular characterization of genes modifying the age at onset in XXXX in Uruguayan @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's Disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity22072 :: ('MESH:C564653', 'Disease') :: ['age at onset of symptoms', 'AAO']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary neurodegenerative disorder']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington's Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) is an @entity14827 . The genetic cause is an expansion of CAG repeats located in the @entity2034 gene. Though the number of CAG repeats ((CAG)n) can largely explain the @entity22072 ( @entity22072 ), a percentage of its variation could be attributed to modifier genes and to environmental factors. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of genetic modifiers of the @entity22072 of @entity2033 including: (CAG)n and del2642 in the @entity2034 gene, @entity28569 @entity28571 , @entity31482 @entity72998 , @entity6217 @entity33975 and @entity5855 @entity72999 . Eighteen @entity1 with positive family history and @entity2033 suggestive symptoms were recruited. The (CAG)n and gene polymorphisms were determined by different molecular biology techniques. We observed that the (CAG)n influenced in a 64.5% of the variability in the @entity22072 . We also showed that the @entity28571 variant significantly affected this variability. However, the influence of @entity5855 , del2642, @entity31482 and @entity6217 gene polymorphisms could not be replicated, perhaps due to small sample size. Genetic studies including the molecular determination of (CAG)n in addition to other genetic modifiers involved in the variability of the @entity22072 were first performed in Uruguay. We could replicate in our cohort the anticipation effect on the @entity22072 by the @entity28569 @entity28571 . Our results confirm the usefulness of an expanded molecular characterization in @entity2033 @entity1 .

title: Molecular characterization of genes modifying the age at onset in @entity2033 in Uruguayan XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In this study, we identified differential expression of immunoreactive @entity1476 ( @entity1476 )/gelatinase A, membrane-anchored @entity1551 / @entity1551 , and @entity1 @entity7175 ( @entity7175 ) in @entity1 benign and malignant thyroid tissues. @entity1476 and @entity1551 were detected in the majority of @entity259 tissues and colocalized with @entity7175 -positive cells. @entity1476 was mostly absent in goiter tissues and, similar to @entity7175 , may serve as a marker for @entity259 . @entity1476 and @entity1551 were identified as novel @entity7175 targets. @entity7175 caused a significant downregulation of @entity1552 ( @entity1552 ) 3 protein levels but did not change the expression levels of @entity1550 , and @entity2843 , @entity1552 , and @entity22078 in @entity1 @entity259 cells. @entity7175 failed to affect the expression of @entity3334 , 3, 8, and 9 in the @entity259 cells investigated. Stable @entity7175 transfectants secreted enhanced levels of bioactive @entity1476 which contributed to the increased collagenolytic activity and in vitro invasiveness into collagen matrix by @entity1 @entity259 cells. Three-dimensional reconstitution of confocal fluorescent microscopy images revealed larger-sized invadopodia, with intense @entity1551 accumulation at the leading migrating edge in @entity7175 transfectants when compared with enhanced green fluorescent protein clones. In @entity7175 transfectants actin stress fibers contributed to pseudopodia formation. In conclusion, enhanced @entity5 cell invasion by @entity7175 involves the formation of @entity1551 -enriched invadopodia that lead to increased collagenolytic cell invasion by @entity1 @entity259 cells.

title: Relaxin enhances the collagenolytic activity and in vitro invasiveness by upregulating matrix metalloproteinases in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1552 :: ('7077', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP', 'tissue inhibitor of MMP', 'TIMP2']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['MMP2', 'matrix metalloproteinase 2']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: In this study, we identified differential expression of immunoreactive @entity1476 ( @entity1476 )/gelatinase A, membrane-anchored @entity1551 / @entity1551 , and @entity1 @entity7175 ( @entity7175 ) in @entity1 benign and malignant thyroid tissues. @entity1476 and @entity1551 were detected in the majority of @entity259 tissues and colocalized with @entity7175 -positive cells. @entity1476 was mostly absent in goiter tissues and, similar to @entity7175 , may serve as a marker for @entity259 . @entity1476 and @entity1551 were identified as novel @entity7175 targets. @entity7175 caused a significant downregulation of @entity1552 ( @entity1552 ) 3 protein levels but did not change the expression levels of @entity1550 , and @entity2843 , @entity1552 , and @entity22078 in @entity1 @entity259 cells. @entity7175 failed to affect the expression of @entity3334 , 3, 8, and 9 in the @entity259 cells investigated. Stable @entity7175 transfectants secreted enhanced levels of bioactive @entity1476 which contributed to the increased collagenolytic activity and in vitro invasiveness into collagen matrix by @entity1 @entity259 cells. Three-dimensional reconstitution of confocal fluorescent microscopy images revealed larger-sized invadopodia, with intense @entity1551 accumulation at the leading migrating edge in @entity7175 transfectants when compared with enhanced green fluorescent protein clones. In @entity7175 transfectants actin stress fibers contributed to pseudopodia formation. In conclusion, enhanced @entity5 cell invasion by @entity7175 involves the formation of @entity1551 -enriched invadopodia that lead to increased collagenolytic cell invasion by @entity1 @entity259 cells.

title: Relaxin enhances the collagenolytic activity and in vitro invasiveness by upregulating matrix metalloproteinases in XXXX @entity259 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare long-term survival and quality of life (QOL) outcomes after bilobectomy and lobectomy for @entity1149 @entity1 . METHODS: A cohort of 951 consecutive @entity1 was identified from a single treatment institution, of whom 128 underwent bilobectomy and 823, lobectomy. Propensity score matching (1:3) was applied to balance known confounders between the two surgical groups and resulted in 512 @entity1 (matched cohort). Unmatched and matched analyses were performed to compare clinical outcomes between the two groups, including operative mortality rate, morbidity rate, long-term survival, overall QOL, and specific symptoms. RESULTS: Operative mortality was higher in the bilobectomy group than in the lobectomy group (2.3% versus 0.5%, p = 0.022). Morbidity rates did not differ significantly between the two groups in either unmatched or matched cohort. In the unmatched analysis, the overall survival ( @entity3012 [p = 0.003]) and disease-free survival (DFS [p = 0.003]) were significantly lower in the bilobectomy group; whereas in the matched analysis, no significant difference was found in either @entity3012 (p = 0.473) or DFS (p = 0.387). Using multivariate analysis, the operation type was not found to be a significant factor for either @entity3012 (hazard ratio 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 0.91 to 1.52; p = 0.22) or DFS (hazard ratio 1.22; 95% confidence interval: 0.95 to 1.58; p = 0.13). @entity1 who underwent bilobectomy appeared to have similar measures of QOL as lobectomy @entity1 , except for coughing and @entity1353 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that @entity1 with @entity1149 treated with bilobectomy had similar morbidity, @entity3012 , DFS, and overall QOL as @entity1 treated with lobectomy, but had higher mortality by matched analysis.

title: Bilobectomy Versus Lobectomy for XXXX : A Comparative Study of Outcomes, Long-Term Survival, and Quality of Life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: This 4-year-old male @entity1 was diagnosed at birth as having several minor @entity154 . X-rays taken during the first year of his life showed a single, massively dilated loop of bowel in the upper abdomen, not appreciated at the time. In 1980 he was admitted to Jackson Memorial Hospital with the diagnosis of @entity1744 . An upper gastrointestinal series showed one tremendously dilated loop of distal ileum. At laparotomy, the @entity1 was found to have extreme segmental dilatation of one loop of distal ileum which ended abruptly; there was no evident external cause for obstruction. The resected loop contained in excess of 200 cc of watery brown liquid. The mucosal folds and underlying smooth muscle bundles, in the dilated portion only, were not arranged circumferentially but rather in a distinctive finger-print-like pattern with trifurcations, whorls, and intricate interdigitations which had probably produced contractions of a circus type rather than normal peristaltic waves. We have been able to find only three reports in the literature in which, as was the case here, the so-called " @entity8529 " presented as a single tremendously dilated segment of ileum, sharply demarcated at its distal end. In none of them is there any description of the orientation of muscle bundles. We believe that the abnormal arrangement of smooth muscle in the muscular coat in this specimen, and perhaps in the others, probably represents the underlying cause for the extreme localized dilatation.

title: A @entity154 in the arrangement of muscle bundles in a segment of the distal ileum, producing obstruction: a variant of the so-called " XXXX ".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity8529 :: ('MESH:D008467', 'Disease') :: ["giant Meckel's diverticulum"]

answer: @entity8529 :: (MESH:D008467,Disease) :: ['giant Meckel's diverticulum']


abstract: This 4-year-old male @entity1 was diagnosed at birth as having several minor @entity154 . X-rays taken during the first year of his life showed a single, massively dilated loop of bowel in the upper abdomen, not appreciated at the time. In 1980 he was admitted to Jackson Memorial Hospital with the diagnosis of @entity1744 . An upper gastrointestinal series showed one tremendously dilated loop of distal ileum. At laparotomy, the @entity1 was found to have extreme segmental dilatation of one loop of distal ileum which ended abruptly; there was no evident external cause for obstruction. The resected loop contained in excess of 200 cc of watery brown liquid. The mucosal folds and underlying smooth muscle bundles, in the dilated portion only, were not arranged circumferentially but rather in a distinctive finger-print-like pattern with trifurcations, whorls, and intricate interdigitations which had probably produced contractions of a circus type rather than normal peristaltic waves. We have been able to find only three reports in the literature in which, as was the case here, the so-called " @entity8529 " presented as a single tremendously dilated segment of ileum, sharply demarcated at its distal end. In none of them is there any description of the orientation of muscle bundles. We believe that the abnormal arrangement of smooth muscle in the muscular coat in this specimen, and perhaps in the others, probably represents the underlying cause for the extreme localized dilatation.

title: A XXXX in the arrangement of muscle bundles in a segment of the distal ileum, producing obstruction: a variant of the so-called " @entity8529 ".

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital abnormality']


abstract: Epidural opiate application was performed in 75 @entity1 with @entity1118 due to @entity5 . To reduce the risk of @entity281 , the epidural catheter was in part placed subcutaneously. Degree and duration of @entity1337 were determined after epidural @entity1286 (with and without @entity1341 ), @entity6882 or @entity3575 . Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were measured and side-effects were registered. The longest duration of @entity1337 was observed after epidural @entity1286 . In long-term treatment there was a reduced efficiency and the frequency of daily injections increased, especially in those @entity1 who already had received systemic opiates prior to the epidural opiate administration. This may be due to tolerance of the spinal receptors. A combination of epidural @entity1286 with small doses of local anesthetics caused prolonged action and delayed the onset of tolerance. Besides slight influences on respiratory function, which may be referred to the initial period of systemic absorption, there were no relevant side-effects. Regarding certain precautions the epidural application of @entity1286 may have advantages in comparison to systemic analgetics in treatment of @entity1118 .

title: [Epidural opiates for relief of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['local infection']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: To evaluate the association of heart rate (HR) response with abnormal scan and/or left ventricular (LV) function in @entity1 undergoing @entity859 myocardial perfusion imaging, we prospectively studied 164 consecutive @entity1 who underwent a standard @entity859 stress test (without exercise) and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using @entity10979 radioisotope. Change in HR was calculated by subtracting HR at rest from peak HR. The percentage change in HR was calculated. All @entity1 underwent stress and resting single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was calculated using gated SPECT. Mean age was 54    11.7 years and 126 of the @entity1 (72%) were @entity1 . We divided the @entity1 into 2 groups: group 1(42 @entity1 , 25%) had normal scans and group 2(122 @entity1 , 74.3%) had abnormal scans; abnormal scans were defined as presence of either @entity2300 , reversible defects, or both. Average HR increased by 35 beats/min in the normal scan group compared with 23 beats/min in the abnormal scan group (p=0.002). Sixty four (64) @entity1 (39%) had reduced EF (<45%). This group had an average HR and percentage HR increase of 23 beats/min (27%) compared with an increase of 35 beats/min (38%) in @entity1 with normal EF (p=0.002 and p=0.02, respectively). Thus, a diminished HR response had a significant association with both an abnormal scan and reduced EF on @entity859 MPI.

title: Association of heart rate response with scan and left ventricular function on XXXX stress myocardial perfusion imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['fixed defects']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity10979 :: ('MESH:D017256', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m sestamibi']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective Since its introduction 50 years ago, the contraceptive pill has continuously evolved to decrease the risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) associated with its use. An increased risk of @entity1211 still remains, however. Other concerns, such as effects on lipid and @entity1735 metabolism, have also been reported. In this study we compared two reference combined @entity7280 (COCs) containing @entity2082 (EE)/ @entity2692 (LNG) and EE/ @entity4863 (DRSP) with COCs containing @entity53 (E2) ( @entity2691 [ @entity65195 ]/dienogest [DNG] and E2/ @entity42837 [NOMAC]). They were evaluated according to their influence on recognised haemostatic and metabolic markers. Methods A literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed database was conducted for head-to-head studies. EE/LNG was chosen as the comparator pill. Results The haemostatic impact of E2 pills and EE/LNG has been extensively compared, in contrast to that of EE/DRSP and EE/LNG. Changes in haemostatic and metabolic marker levels between EE/LNG and @entity65195 /DNG were generally not statistically significant. @entity10819 showed statistically significantly favourable results on haemostatic markers and had a neutral effect on @entity1735 and lipid metabolism when compared with EE/LNG. Conclusion @entity10819 exhibits less haemostatic and metabolic impact than EE/LNG and other COCs, suggesting that it may be a promising candidate to reduce residual @entity1211 risk associated with @entity11718 use. Confirmation from a well-powered prospective clinical trial is, however, needed.

title: Haemostatic and metabolic impact of @entity53 pills and @entity4863 -containing XXXX pills vs. @entity2692 -containing @entity2082 pills: A literature review.

entities_list: @entity2691 :: ('MESH:C015854', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol valerate']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity4863 :: ('MESH:C035144', 'Chemical') :: ['drospirenone']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity65195 :: ('p|SUB|E|2|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E2V']

entities_list: @entity42837 :: ('MESH:C038501', 'Chemical') :: ['nomegestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity7280 :: ('MESH:D003276', 'Chemical') :: ['oral contraceptives']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinylestradiol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective Since its introduction 50 years ago, the contraceptive pill has continuously evolved to decrease the risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) associated with its use. An increased risk of @entity1211 still remains, however. Other concerns, such as effects on lipid and @entity1735 metabolism, have also been reported. In this study we compared two reference combined @entity7280 (COCs) containing @entity2082 (EE)/ @entity2692 (LNG) and EE/ @entity4863 (DRSP) with COCs containing @entity53 (E2) ( @entity2691 [ @entity65195 ]/dienogest [DNG] and E2/ @entity42837 [NOMAC]). They were evaluated according to their influence on recognised haemostatic and metabolic markers. Methods A literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed database was conducted for head-to-head studies. EE/LNG was chosen as the comparator pill. Results The haemostatic impact of E2 pills and EE/LNG has been extensively compared, in contrast to that of EE/DRSP and EE/LNG. Changes in haemostatic and metabolic marker levels between EE/LNG and @entity65195 /DNG were generally not statistically significant. @entity10819 showed statistically significantly favourable results on haemostatic markers and had a neutral effect on @entity1735 and lipid metabolism when compared with EE/LNG. Conclusion @entity10819 exhibits less haemostatic and metabolic impact than EE/LNG and other COCs, suggesting that it may be a promising candidate to reduce residual @entity1211 risk associated with @entity11718 use. Confirmation from a well-powered prospective clinical trial is, however, needed.

title: Haemostatic and metabolic impact of @entity53 pills and @entity4863 -containing @entity2082 pills vs. @entity2692 -containing XXXX pills: A literature review.

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinylestradiol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective Since its introduction 50 years ago, the contraceptive pill has continuously evolved to decrease the risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) associated with its use. An increased risk of @entity1211 still remains, however. Other concerns, such as effects on lipid and @entity1735 metabolism, have also been reported. In this study we compared two reference combined @entity7280 (COCs) containing @entity2082 (EE)/ @entity2692 (LNG) and EE/ @entity4863 (DRSP) with COCs containing @entity53 (E2) ( @entity2691 [ @entity65195 ]/dienogest [DNG] and E2/ @entity42837 [NOMAC]). They were evaluated according to their influence on recognised haemostatic and metabolic markers. Methods A literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed database was conducted for head-to-head studies. EE/LNG was chosen as the comparator pill. Results The haemostatic impact of E2 pills and EE/LNG has been extensively compared, in contrast to that of EE/DRSP and EE/LNG. Changes in haemostatic and metabolic marker levels between EE/LNG and @entity65195 /DNG were generally not statistically significant. @entity10819 showed statistically significantly favourable results on haemostatic markers and had a neutral effect on @entity1735 and lipid metabolism when compared with EE/LNG. Conclusion @entity10819 exhibits less haemostatic and metabolic impact than EE/LNG and other COCs, suggesting that it may be a promising candidate to reduce residual @entity1211 risk associated with @entity11718 use. Confirmation from a well-powered prospective clinical trial is, however, needed.

title: Haemostatic and metabolic impact of XXXX pills and @entity4863 -containing @entity2082 pills vs. @entity2692 -containing @entity2082 pills: A literature review.

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective Since its introduction 50 years ago, the contraceptive pill has continuously evolved to decrease the risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) associated with its use. An increased risk of @entity1211 still remains, however. Other concerns, such as effects on lipid and @entity1735 metabolism, have also been reported. In this study we compared two reference combined @entity7280 (COCs) containing @entity2082 (EE)/ @entity2692 (LNG) and EE/ @entity4863 (DRSP) with COCs containing @entity53 (E2) ( @entity2691 [ @entity65195 ]/dienogest [DNG] and E2/ @entity42837 [NOMAC]). They were evaluated according to their influence on recognised haemostatic and metabolic markers. Methods A literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed database was conducted for head-to-head studies. EE/LNG was chosen as the comparator pill. Results The haemostatic impact of E2 pills and EE/LNG has been extensively compared, in contrast to that of EE/DRSP and EE/LNG. Changes in haemostatic and metabolic marker levels between EE/LNG and @entity65195 /DNG were generally not statistically significant. @entity10819 showed statistically significantly favourable results on haemostatic markers and had a neutral effect on @entity1735 and lipid metabolism when compared with EE/LNG. Conclusion @entity10819 exhibits less haemostatic and metabolic impact than EE/LNG and other COCs, suggesting that it may be a promising candidate to reduce residual @entity1211 risk associated with @entity11718 use. Confirmation from a well-powered prospective clinical trial is, however, needed.

title: Haemostatic and metabolic impact of @entity53 pills and @entity4863 -containing @entity2082 pills vs. XXXX -containing @entity2082 pills: A literature review.

answer: @entity2692 :: (MESH:D016912,Chemical) :: ['levonorgestrel']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective Since its introduction 50 years ago, the contraceptive pill has continuously evolved to decrease the risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) associated with its use. An increased risk of @entity1211 still remains, however. Other concerns, such as effects on lipid and @entity1735 metabolism, have also been reported. In this study we compared two reference combined @entity7280 (COCs) containing @entity2082 (EE)/ @entity2692 (LNG) and EE/ @entity4863 (DRSP) with COCs containing @entity53 (E2) ( @entity2691 [ @entity65195 ]/dienogest [DNG] and E2/ @entity42837 [NOMAC]). They were evaluated according to their influence on recognised haemostatic and metabolic markers. Methods A literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed database was conducted for head-to-head studies. EE/LNG was chosen as the comparator pill. Results The haemostatic impact of E2 pills and EE/LNG has been extensively compared, in contrast to that of EE/DRSP and EE/LNG. Changes in haemostatic and metabolic marker levels between EE/LNG and @entity65195 /DNG were generally not statistically significant. @entity10819 showed statistically significantly favourable results on haemostatic markers and had a neutral effect on @entity1735 and lipid metabolism when compared with EE/LNG. Conclusion @entity10819 exhibits less haemostatic and metabolic impact than EE/LNG and other COCs, suggesting that it may be a promising candidate to reduce residual @entity1211 risk associated with @entity11718 use. Confirmation from a well-powered prospective clinical trial is, however, needed.

title: Haemostatic and metabolic impact of @entity53 pills and XXXX -containing @entity2082 pills vs. @entity2692 -containing @entity2082 pills: A literature review.

answer: @entity4863 :: (MESH:C035144,Chemical) :: ['drospirenone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of the major enteric pathogens in dairy and dairy beef @entity291 with @entity294 in Australia. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Faecal samples from 84 Australian dairy and dairy beef properties (597 samples) were screened for rotavirus and coronavirus using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, for @entity5746 spp. using selective enrichment faecal culture, and for enterotoxigenic @entity526 (K99) and @entity2432 using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A logistic regression with random effects model was used to compare prevalence of pathogens in dairy and dairy beef operations. RESULTS: Enteric pathogens were isolated from 97.6% of outbreaks and 95.0% of samples. Rotavirus was the most common pathogen identified (477/597, 79.9%) followed by @entity2432 (349/597, 58.5%), @entity5746 spp. (142/597, 23.8%), coronavirus (129/597, 21.6%) and @entity526 K99 (104/597, 17.4%). Multiple pathogens were identified on 96.4% of farms and from 71.0% of samples. Samples from dairy beef properties were more likely to have multiple pathogens than dairy properties (P < 0.05), whereas @entity6425 spp. were more likely to be identified in samples collected from dairy beef than dairy properties (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Most outbreaks of @entity291 @entity294 in dairy and dairy beef operations involve multiple pathogens. Rotavirus and @entity2432 were the most frequently identified pathogens across production systems. @entity5746 spp. and rotavirus were more frequently identified in dairy beef operations.

title: Prevalence of major enteric pathogens in Australian dairy @entity291 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2432 :: ('5807', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum', 'C. parvum']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus and Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of the major enteric pathogens in dairy and dairy beef @entity291 with @entity294 in Australia. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Faecal samples from 84 Australian dairy and dairy beef properties (597 samples) were screened for rotavirus and coronavirus using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, for @entity5746 spp. using selective enrichment faecal culture, and for enterotoxigenic @entity526 (K99) and @entity2432 using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A logistic regression with random effects model was used to compare prevalence of pathogens in dairy and dairy beef operations. RESULTS: Enteric pathogens were isolated from 97.6% of outbreaks and 95.0% of samples. Rotavirus was the most common pathogen identified (477/597, 79.9%) followed by @entity2432 (349/597, 58.5%), @entity5746 spp. (142/597, 23.8%), coronavirus (129/597, 21.6%) and @entity526 K99 (104/597, 17.4%). Multiple pathogens were identified on 96.4% of farms and from 71.0% of samples. Samples from dairy beef properties were more likely to have multiple pathogens than dairy properties (P < 0.05), whereas @entity6425 spp. were more likely to be identified in samples collected from dairy beef than dairy properties (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Most outbreaks of @entity291 @entity294 in dairy and dairy beef operations involve multiple pathogens. Rotavirus and @entity2432 were the most frequently identified pathogens across production systems. @entity5746 spp. and rotavirus were more frequently identified in dairy beef operations.

title: Prevalence of major enteric pathogens in Australian dairy XXXX with @entity294 .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calves']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. OBJECTIVE: Report the 2-year operative and clinical outcomes of these service members with @entity174 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The majority of @entity174 occur at the thoracolumbar level, with @entity174 caudal to L2 accounting for only 1% of spine @entity174 . A previous report from this institution regarding combat-related spine burst @entity174 documented an increased incidence of @entity174 in injured service members. METHODS: Review of inpatient and outpatient medical records in addition to radiographs for all @entity1 treated at our institution with combat-related burst @entity174 occurring at the L3-L5 levels. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 with a mean age of 28.1   7.2 underwent surgery for low lumbar (L3-L5) burst @entity174 . The mean number of thoracolumbar levels injured was 2.9    1.4. Eleven @entity1 had @entity16 , 4 of which were complete. The mean days to surgery were 16.8    24.5. The mean number of levels fused was 4.3    2.1, with fixation extending to the pelvis in 4 @entity1 (17%). Fourteen (61%) @entity1 had at least 1 postoperative complication, with 7 (30%) requiring reoperation. Five @entity1 had a postoperative wound @entity281 . Five @entity1 had @entity1150 , 3 had @entity1151 . Mean clinical follow-up was 3.3   2.2 years. At latest follow-up, all were separated from military service, 10 experienced persistent bowel/ @entity1494 , 15 had @entity71 , and 10 had documented persistent @entity1643 . Nineteen had @entity1118 with 18 @entity1 still taking @entity158 medications and/or muscle relaxers. CONCLUSION: Low lumbar burst @entity174 are a rare injury with an increased incidence in combat casualties engaged in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. We found a high rate of @entity260 (61%), as well as a high reoperation rate (30%). At approximately 3 years of follow-up, most of these @entity1 had persistent @entity16 and @entity1118 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: Outcomes After Operative Management of Combat-Related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'low lumbar burst fractures', 'low lumbar fractures', 'spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms', 'neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['acute postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Low Lumbar Burst Fractures']


abstract: The @entity22241 polymorphism of the @entity22240 ( @entity22240 ) in @entity1707 is known to affect economically important traits such as growth rate and backfat thickness. We have assessed the possible use of this polymorphism as a molecular marker to perform genetic selection toward lower boar taint levels without compromising growth performance and carcass and meat quality in commercial boars and gilts. Homozygous boars and gilts of the @entity5066 genotype and GG genotype were compared in an intervention study with a 2 * 2 design to assess main effects and possible interactions between sex and genotype. The concentrations of the 3 boar taint compounds @entity29562 ( = 0.044), skatole ( = 0.049), and @entity104 ( = 0.006) were significantly higher in fat of @entity5066 boars compared to GG boars. However, no effect on the sensory analysis of the fat samples could be observed. Between 20 and 115 kg BW, @entity5066 @entity1707 showed higher ADFI than GG @entity1707 ( < 0.001). An interaction between genotype and sex was observed for @entity9365 ( = 0.044): @entity5066 boars had a significantly higher @entity9365 than GG boars but there was no significant difference between the gilts. Daily lean meat gain tended to be higher in boars compared to gilts ( = 0.051), independent of genotype. Similarly, boars showed higher G:F compared to gilts ( < 0.001), without effect of genotype. Genotype and sex affected several carcass quality parameters but there was no interaction. @entity1707 of the @entity5066 genotype displayed a lower dressing percentage ( = 0.005), lower ham width ( = 0.024), lower muscle thickness ( = 0.011), and higher fat thickness ( < 0.001), resulting in a lower lean meat percentage ( < 0.001) in comparison with GG @entity1707 . Gilts had a significantly higher dressing percentage ( < 0.001), higher muscle thickness ( < 0.001), higher ham width ( < 0.001), and lower ham angle ( < 0.001) compared to boars. Other than the boar taint compounds, meat quality was not affected by genotype. Pork of gilts was darker ( = 0.014) and less exudative during cooking ( < 0.001) and contained more intramuscular fat ( = 0.013). These results indicate that genetic selection against boar taint is possible using this marker. This will also result in lower feed intake and @entity9365 and, consequently, better carcass quality.

title: An intervention study demonstrates effects of XXXX genotype on boar taint and performances of growing-finishing @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity29562 :: ('CHEBI:37894', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenone']

entities_list: @entity22241 :: ('p|SUB|D|298|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Asp298Asn']

answer: @entity22240 :: (397359(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['MC4R']


abstract: The @entity22241 polymorphism of the @entity22240 ( @entity22240 ) in @entity1707 is known to affect economically important traits such as growth rate and backfat thickness. We have assessed the possible use of this polymorphism as a molecular marker to perform genetic selection toward lower boar taint levels without compromising growth performance and carcass and meat quality in commercial boars and gilts. Homozygous boars and gilts of the @entity5066 genotype and GG genotype were compared in an intervention study with a 2 * 2 design to assess main effects and possible interactions between sex and genotype. The concentrations of the 3 boar taint compounds @entity29562 ( = 0.044), skatole ( = 0.049), and @entity104 ( = 0.006) were significantly higher in fat of @entity5066 boars compared to GG boars. However, no effect on the sensory analysis of the fat samples could be observed. Between 20 and 115 kg BW, @entity5066 @entity1707 showed higher ADFI than GG @entity1707 ( < 0.001). An interaction between genotype and sex was observed for @entity9365 ( = 0.044): @entity5066 boars had a significantly higher @entity9365 than GG boars but there was no significant difference between the gilts. Daily lean meat gain tended to be higher in boars compared to gilts ( = 0.051), independent of genotype. Similarly, boars showed higher G:F compared to gilts ( < 0.001), without effect of genotype. Genotype and sex affected several carcass quality parameters but there was no interaction. @entity1707 of the @entity5066 genotype displayed a lower dressing percentage ( = 0.005), lower ham width ( = 0.024), lower muscle thickness ( = 0.011), and higher fat thickness ( < 0.001), resulting in a lower lean meat percentage ( < 0.001) in comparison with GG @entity1707 . Gilts had a significantly higher dressing percentage ( < 0.001), higher muscle thickness ( < 0.001), higher ham width ( < 0.001), and lower ham angle ( < 0.001) compared to boars. Other than the boar taint compounds, meat quality was not affected by genotype. Pork of gilts was darker ( = 0.014) and less exudative during cooking ( < 0.001) and contained more intramuscular fat ( = 0.013). These results indicate that genetic selection against boar taint is possible using this marker. This will also result in lower feed intake and @entity9365 and, consequently, better carcass quality.

title: An intervention study demonstrates effects of @entity22240 genotype on boar taint and performances of growing-finishing XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recent reports indicate that the incidence of nontuberculous @entity358 (NTM-LD) is increasing. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of NTM-LD @entity1 in Nagasaki prefecture, Japan to identify the negative prognostic factors for NTM-LD in Japan. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 newly diagnosed with NTM-LD in eleven hospitals in Nagasaki prefecture between January 2001 and February 2010 were reviewed. Data regarding the annual population of each region and the incidence of all forms of @entity378 were collected to assess geographic variations in NTM-LD incidence, isolates, and radiological features. RESULTS: A total 975 @entity1 were diagnosed with NTM-LD. The incidence increased over the study period and reached 11.0 and 10.1 per 100,000 population in 2008 and 2009, respectively. @entity4594 was the most common pathogen in the southern region, and @entity3069 most common in other regions. The most common radiographic pattern was the nodular-bronchiectatic pattern. Age >60 years, body mass index <18.5 kg/m2, underlying @entity358 , and cavitary pattern were the negative prognostic factors at the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of NTM-LD has been increasing in Nagasaki prefecture. The isolates and radiographic features of @entity1 vary markedly by region.

title: Epidemiology and clinical features of XXXX in Nagasaki, Japan.

entities_list: @entity4594 :: ('1767', 'Species') :: ['M. intracellulare']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'mycobacterial-lung disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To examine performance of the U- @entity23396 for the closure of inadvertent durotomy occurring during minimally invasive spinal surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Primary closure of inadvertent durotomies that occur during minimally invasive spinal surgery can be technically difficult to accomplish when using standard knot-tying and suture management techniques, owing to the narrow and deep surgical corridor afforded by tubular retraction systems. The U- @entity23396 is a novel device that can achieve tight tissue approximation without the need for knot-tying and excessive suture manipulation, making it ideally suited for use in minimally invasive spinal surgeries. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of @entity1 who underwent minimally invasive decompressive procedures complicated by durotomy and repaired using U-Clips for the period January 2008 to January 2010. A total of seven @entity1 were identified. RESULTS: Four of the seven @entity1 were male. Six @entity1 underwent lumbar laminectomy or discectomy. One @entity1 underwent resection of a cervical @entity12897 . In each @entity1 , the durotomy was repaired primarily using U-Clips. All six lumbar @entity1 were discharged home on the same day, and the remaining @entity1 was discharged the following morning. Mean follow-up was 6.3 months. No @entity1 experienced symptoms related to persistent @entity5173 . CONCLUSION: Primary closure of an inadvertent durotomy occurring during minimally invasive spinal surgery can be effectively achieved using the self-closing U- @entity23396 device.

title: Primary closure of inadvertent durotomies utilizing the U- XXXX in minimally invasive spinal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['synovial cyst']

answer: @entity23396 :: (6249,Gene) :: ['Clip']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. OBJECTIVE: To assess long-term pulmonary function after surgical correction of adolescent @entity2112 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Pulmonary function is known to decline with increasing age. Although there are published reports on 2- and 5-year pulmonary function test outcomesafter various surgical approaches for adolescent @entity2112 , 10-year pulmonary function tests of these @entity1 is unknown. METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1 were divided into two groups who underwent surgery for adolescent @entity2112 at a single institution. There were 46 female @entity1 and three male @entity1 . All group one @entity1 (n = 38) had some form of chest wall disruption during their spinal fusion: group 1A (n = 17) underwent open anterior spinal fusion/instrumentation, group 1B (n = 9) had a combined open anteroposterior spinal fusion, and group 1C (n = 12) had a posterior spinal fusion/instrumentation with thoracoplasty. Group 2 @entity1 (n = 11) underwent posterior spinal fusion/instrumentation with iliac crest bone graft and no chest cage disruption. We evaluated preoperative and 10-year pulmonary function test values. RESULTS: Within-group comparison revealed that group 1 experienced no change in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)), but demonstrated a significant decrease in percent-predicted FVC (85% vs. 79%, P = 0.00086) and FEV(1) values (80% vs. 76%, P = 0.038). Conversely, group 2 experienced a significant increase in both FVC (3.25L vs. 3.66L, P = 0.011) and FEV(1) (2.77L vs. 3.10L, P = 0.0019), but no changes in percent-predicted values from baseline to 10 years. No changes were noted in percent-predicted values between 5 and 10 years in either group. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative chest wall violation produced detrimental pulmonary effects, as reflected by reduced percent-predicted values at 10-year follow-up. Posterior-only procedures, which spared the chest wall, showed significant improvements in FVC and FEV(1) absolute values without any change in percent-predicted values.

title: Pulmonary function in adolescent XXXX relative to the surgical procedure: a 10-year follow-up analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of symptomatic @entity9007 ( @entity9007 ) after endoscopic discectomy and to compare the results of surgical and conservative management of them. METHODS: Initial study @entity1 were 1,503 cases (1,406 @entity1 ) receiving @entity2649 by 23-member board of neurosurgeons from March 2003 to October 2008. All @entity1 ' postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were evaluated. On the postoperative MRI, cystic lesion of T2W high and T1W low at discectomy site was regarded as @entity9007 . Reviews of medical records and radiological findings were done. The @entity9007 @entity1 were divided into two groups, surgical and conservative management by treatment modality after @entity9007 detection. We compared the results of the two groups using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ), VAS for @entity158 ( @entity158 ) and the @entity717 index (ODI). RESULTS: Among 1,503 cases of all male soldiers, the MRIs showed that @entity9007 formed in 15 @entity1 , about 1.0% of the initial cases. The mean postoperative interval from surgery to @entity9007 detection was 53.7 days. Interlaminar approach was correlated with @entity9007 formation compared with transforaminal approach (p=0.001). The mean VAS for @entity1643 and @entity158 in the surgical group improved from 6.5 and 4.8 to 2.0 and 2.3, respectively. The mean VAS for @entity1643 and @entity158 in the conservative group improved from 4.4 and 4.4 to 3.9 and 2.3, respectively. There was no difference in treatment outcome between surgical and conservative management of symptomatic @entity9007 . CONCLUSION: Although this study was done in limited environment, symptomatic @entity9007 was detected at two months' postoperative period in about 1% of cases. Interlaminar approach seems to be more related with @entity9007 compared with transforaminal approach.

title: Symptomatic post-discectomy pseudocyst after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic lumbar discectomy']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts', 'postdiscectomy pseudocyst', 'PP']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['endoscopic lumbar discectomy']


abstract: One hundred four @entity1 , 80 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 , with @entity1161 following treatment for gynecologic and @entity5 were studied. In 50 @entity1 , the @entity130 was treated surgically; 54 @entity1 were treated conservatively. The age and sex distributions were the same in each group. In 63 @entity1 , symptoms developed one month to one year after radiotherapy. The longest latent interval was 17 years. Of the 50 surgical @entity1 , 23 had associated small bowel injury. The indications for surgery for the @entity130 were 1) @entity4272 unresponsive to conservative measures in 14 @entity1 , 2) @entity850 or @entity292 or both in 32, and 3) rectosigmoid perforation in four. Forty-one @entity1 had external diversions. Eleven had intestinal continuity restored; six of the 11 had required the stoma for @entity4272 unresponsive to medical measures. Nineteen @entity1 did not undergo colostomy closure, although symptoms wer greatly improved. Diversion alone was insufficient treatment in the remaining 11 @entity1 . Twenty-six @entity1 died. The 12 @entity204 in the surgical group comprised four due to residual malignancy, four from @entity260 , and four from unrelated causes. Of the 14 @entity204 in the nonsurgical group, 11 died of the primary malignancy and three of unrelated causes. Diversion is considered the safest form of treatment for rectovaginal fistulae, rectal strictures, and @entity4272 unresponsive to medical measures. Intestinal resection resulted in sharp rise in the morbidity and mortality rates.

title: XXXX of the rectum: evaluation of surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urologic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['rectal stricture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['rectal injury']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['Radiation injury']


abstract: The risk of @entity295 in @entity1 is well established. The risk of @entity295 following splenectomy in the adult remains unknown. This study provides data on this important subject. All adults (ages 16--91) who underwent splenectomies in three hospitals of the Louisiana State University Medical Center between 1965 and 1975 were identified. There were 298 @entity1 included in the study. Postsplenectomy information was collected on 256 @entity1 . The mean period of observation was 45 months (960 @entity1 years). There were seven deaths from fulminant @entity295 (incidence rate: 2.7%). Data were collected on 250 @entity1 who had either a gastrectomy or cholecystectomy without splenectomy. The mean period of observation was 61 months (1270 @entity1 years). There were no deaths due to fulminant @entity295 (p less than 0.05). When @entity295 was compared with the risk of @entity295 in the population at large (0.001%), the difference is significant (p less than 0.001). In the subgroup of 69 @entity1 with hematologic or @entity5 , there were three deaths from @entity295 (4.3%). In 187 @entity1 with no underlying diseases, four @entity1 developed @entity295 , which is an incidence of 2.2% (p less than 0.05 when compared with the population at large and control group). The risk of @entity295 appears to be greater in @entity1 with @entity102 , but has no relationship to age. These data speak for the conservation of splenic tissue when possible.

title: The risk of XXXX in the asplenic adult.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'postsplenectomy sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: The development of new procedures and protocols that allow researchers to obtain recombinant proteins is of fundamental importance in the biotechnology field. A strategy was explored to overcome inclusion-body formation observed when expressing an aggregation-prone fungal xylanase in @entity526 . pHsh is an expression plasmid that uses a synthetic @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) promoter, in which gene expression is regulated by an alternative sigma factor (  (32)). A derivative of pHsh was constructed by fusing a signal peptide to xynA2 gene to facilitate export of the recombinant protein to the periplasm. The xylanase was produced in a soluble form. Three factors were essential to achieving such soluble expression of the xylanase: 1) the target gene was under the control of the @entity1457 promoter, 2) the gene product was exported into the periplasm, and 3) gene expression was induced by a temperature upshift. For the first time we report the expression of periplasmic proteins under the control of an @entity1457 promoter regulated by   (32). One unique feature of this approach was that over 200 copies of the @entity1457 promoter in an @entity526 cell significantly increased the concentration of   (32). The growth inhibition of the recombinant cells corresponded to an increase in the levels of soluble periplasmic protein. Therefore, an alternative protocol was designed to induce gene expression from pHsh-ex to obtain high levels of active soluble enzymes.

title: An approach to the production of soluble protein from a fungal gene encoding an aggregation-prone xylanase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We sought to assess noninvasively the differences in hemorrheologic and geometric parameters between the left and @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Low @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ), high molecular viscosity (MV), and high @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) induce @entity731 , while curvature and torsion have lately been implicated in the @entity731 process. METHODS: We studied 28 coronary arteries from 22 subjects undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography. We performed 3D reconstruction of the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 , n=14), left circumflex (LCx, n=5), and @entity453 (n=9) arteries. @entity1642 , MV, and @entity1642 were calculated for 2-mm segments using computational fluid dynamics. Curvature and torsion were calculated for each segment using morphometric algorithms. RESULTS: A total length of 187 cm of coronary arteries was studied. @entity1642 was higher in the @entity1347 compared to the LCx and @entity453 (13.76 Pa vs. 3.49 Pa vs. 3.76 Pa, p<0.001); MV was higher in the LCx compared to the @entity1347 and @entity453 (0.00542 Pa  s vs. 0.00173 Pa  s vs. 0.00240 Pa  s, p<0.001); and @entity1642 had higher values in the @entity453 compared to the @entity1347 and LCx (289.98 mmHg vs. 255.93 mmHg vs. 235.18 mmHg, p<0.001). Curvature was greater in the LCx compared to the @entity1347 and @entity453 (0.1447 mm-1 vs. 0.1229 mm-1 vs. 0.1234 mm-1, p<0.05), while torsion was found not to differ among the coronary arteries. CONCLUSIONS: Hemorrheologic and geometric parameters differ between the left and right coronary arteries. These factors, either alone or in association with local flow patterns and geometry, may affect the topography of @entity731 in the coronary arterial tree.

title: Differences in Stress Forces and Geometry between Left and Right Coronary Artery: A Pathophysiological Aspect of XXXX Heterogeneity.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['RCA', 'right coronary artery']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WS', 'ESS', 'wall stress', 'endothelial shear stress']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency. The complete mitochondrial genomes of 41 families with @entity2383 were screened for mutations. Mitochondrial functional analysis was then performed in primary and cybrid cells containing candidate mutations identified during the screening. A novel mitochondrial @entity2125 dehydrogenase 5 ( @entity13329 ) @entity73000 mutation was identified in a @entity1 with exercise intolerance and developmental delay. A biochemical analysis revealed @entity3457 ( @entity2125 : @entity3276 oxidoreductase) and IV (cytochrome c oxidase) of this @entity1 . Defects in complexes I and IV were confirmed in transmitochondrial cybrid cells containing the @entity73000 mutation, suggesting that this mutation impairs complex I assembly, resulting in reduced stability of complex IV. Further functional investigations revealed that mitochondria with the @entity73000 mutation exhibited lower OXPHOS coupling respiration and @entity855 ( @entity855 ) generation. In addition, the cytotoxic effects, determined as reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and @entity880 levels in the present study, increased in the cells carrying a higher @entity73000 mutant load. In conclusion, we identified @entity73000 as a @entity2383 -related mutation. Therefore, screening of @entity73000 is advised for the diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity2383 .

title: Exercise intolerance and developmental delay associated with a novel mitochondrial XXXX mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies in the activity of complex I']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disease', 'OXPHOS deficiency']

answer: @entity13329 :: (4540,Gene) :: ['ND5']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pediatric idiopathic @entity730 (PIIVDC) is an uncommon entity affecting the intervertebral disks and adjacent vertebral body and @entity2383 . More than 300 cases have been reported so far, but knowledge of PIIVDC is still fragmentary. The purpose of the study was to summarize the demographic and clinical characteristics of PIIVDC, and consider its treatment and natural history. METHODS: This study is a review of 65 cases identified by literature search from 1990 to 2010. RESULTS: Male-to-female ratio was 40:25. Most @entity1 (83%) were aged 5-12 years. @entity925 was the most common manifestation (71.9%), followed by sensorimotor disturbance (20.3%) and @entity221 (13.8%). Torticollis or @entity1635 were noted in 23.4% of @entity1 , and 15.4% were asymptomatic. The cervical spine was most frequently affected (64.6%), followed by the thoracic (26.2%), cervicothoracic (10.8%), lumbar (4.6%), and thoracolumbar (1.5%) spine. The C6/7 intervertebral disk was most frequently affected (35.7%), followed by C3/4 (21.4%), C2/3 (17.9%), C5/6 (14.3%), and C4/5 (10.7%). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was the most sensitive laboratory indicator. Conservative treatment was adopted for 89.2% of @entity1 and surgery for 10.8%. Neurological outcome was excellent except for one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: PIIVDC appears to be a benign disorder associated with self-limiting @entity32 . The natural history of PIIVDC will only be established by further experience with long-term follow-up periods into adulthood.

title: Idiopathic XXXX in childhood: a case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disk calcification']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['musculoligamentous structures']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['intervertebral disk calcification']


abstract: The alpha polypeptide chain of the complement protein C3 splits into two fragments of 74 000 and 46 000 apparent mol.wt. under certain conditions used to prepare the protein for @entity214 ( @entity214 )/ @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis. The cleavage reaction occurs over a wide range of temperatures and from pH 4.6 to 10.6 in the presence of denaturants such as @entity1133 , @entity214 and @entity2097 . It is also induced by heat-denaturation of C3 in the absence of chemical denaturants. The reaction occurs only with haemolytically active C3, and is not observed with @entity8696 -inactivated C3 or with @entity4417 . A similar cleavage of the alpha-chain of complement component C4 occurs under the same conditions, forming fragments of 53 000 and 41 000 apparent mol.wt. This reaction is again specific for haemolytically active C4, and does not occur with @entity9199 or @entity8696 -inactivated C4. The complement component C5, although structurally similar to C3 and C4, does not undergo a reaction of this type. The characteristics of the denaturation-induced cleavage of C3 and C4 match those described for the 'heat-induced' cleavage of @entity5843 [Harpel, Hayes _ Hugli (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 8669-8678]. Cleavage of @entity5843 is also specific for the active form of the protein, and does not occur with chemically inactivated or proteinase-cleaved forms. The unusual conditions and specificity of the peptide-bond cleavage in all three proteins suggest that it is an autolytic process rather than being the result of trace proteinase contamination. The active forms of C3, C4 and @entity5843 have the transient ability to form covalent bonds after activation. The autolytic cleavage reaction is likely to be related to the covalent-bond-forming reactions of these proteins.

title: Autolytic fragmentation of complement components C3 and C4 under denaturing conditions, a property shared with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2-macroglobulin']

entities_list: @entity8696 :: ('MESH:D019811', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylamine']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate', 'SDS']

answer: @entity5843 :: (2,Gene) :: ['alpha 2-macroglobulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 have been known to impact negatively on health and well-being of @entity1 . This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, clinical types as well as the etiologic organisms of dermatophyte @entity281 among primary school @entity1 aged 5-16 years in Oke-Oyi community in Kwara state. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 4-months descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among 602 @entity1 aged 5-16 years in Oke-Oyi community, in Kwara state. RESULTS: The prevalence of clinically suspected dermatophytoses lesion was 29.9% (180/602). Dermatophyte accounted for 5.0% (30/602) on Sabouraud dextrose agar culture, while non-dermatophyte molds represent majority of isolate i.e., 15.4% (93/602). @entity3100 is the commonest clinical type, followed by @entity4013 and then @entity14654 . @entity281 are noted in nine respondents. Three species of dermatophytes belonging to only two of the three genera of dermatophytes were responsible for @entity1 @entity281 in the area studied, of which Trichophyton mentagrophyte is the commonest, followed by Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton verucossum. Among the non-dermatophytes, @entity54 and @entity5132 predominate. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the prevalence of dermatophytoses in the school studied was significant. Control efforts should target this vulnerable group to reduce its prevalence.

title: Prevalence of XXXX among primary school @entity1 in Oke-Oyi community of Kwara state.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity14654 :: ('MESH:D014008', 'Disease') :: ['Tinea pedis']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['Tinea coporis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatophytic infections', 'Multiple infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['Tinea capitis']

answer: @entity4013 :: (MESH:D014005,Disease) :: ['dermatophytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 have been known to impact negatively on health and well-being of @entity1 . This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, clinical types as well as the etiologic organisms of dermatophyte @entity281 among primary school @entity1 aged 5-16 years in Oke-Oyi community in Kwara state. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 4-months descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among 602 @entity1 aged 5-16 years in Oke-Oyi community, in Kwara state. RESULTS: The prevalence of clinically suspected dermatophytoses lesion was 29.9% (180/602). Dermatophyte accounted for 5.0% (30/602) on Sabouraud dextrose agar culture, while non-dermatophyte molds represent majority of isolate i.e., 15.4% (93/602). @entity3100 is the commonest clinical type, followed by @entity4013 and then @entity14654 . @entity281 are noted in nine respondents. Three species of dermatophytes belonging to only two of the three genera of dermatophytes were responsible for @entity1 @entity281 in the area studied, of which Trichophyton mentagrophyte is the commonest, followed by Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton verucossum. Among the non-dermatophytes, @entity54 and @entity5132 predominate. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the prevalence of dermatophytoses in the school studied was significant. Control efforts should target this vulnerable group to reduce its prevalence.

title: Prevalence of @entity4013 among primary school XXXX in Oke-Oyi community of Kwara state.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on regional ventilation distribution in normal lung and after @entity112 -induced bronchoconstriction. DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: International research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Six healthy @entity95 weighing 2.5    0.1 kg. INTERVENTIONS: @entity95 were anesthetized, tracheostomized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated. Synchrotron radiation computed tomography images of tissue density and specific ventilation were acquired using K-edge subtraction imaging with inhaled stable xenon gas in middle and caudal thoracic levels on 0 and 5 cm @entity2507 positive end-expiratory pressure at baseline and twice after @entity112 inhalation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At baseline, a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm @entity2507 significantly increased lung volume. @entity112 inhalation caused patchy areas of decreased specific ventilation, including some areas with no ventilation. After @entity112 , positive end-expiratory pressure significantly increased the area of well-ventilated lung regions and decreased the heterogeneity of specific ventilation. This improvement went together with a significant but limited increase in the area of hyperinflated lung zones. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that in mechanically ventilated @entity95 with severely heterogeneous bronchoconstriction, a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm @entity2507 significantly improves regional ventilation homogeneity through dilation of flow-limited airways and recruitment of closed airways.

title: Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on regional ventilation distribution during bronchoconstriction in XXXX studied by synchrotron radiation imaging.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbit', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Stem cell therapy with bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMCs) is an option for improving joint function in @entity2530 of the femoral head (ONFH). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) numbers and their osteogenic differentiation are decreased in @entity1 with ONFH. However, whether this decrease also extends to the early stages of ONFH in @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) is still unclear. METHODS: We conducted a phase I/II, non-controlled study to determine efficacy and safety of BMMC implantation using a minimally invasive technique in @entity3458 @entity1 with ONFH. Eighty-nine @entity1 were recruited and followed up for 60 months after surgery. Clinical and radiographic findings were assessed, and data were completed by in vitro analysis. RESULTS: At the final follow-up (60 months) there was a significant improvement in clinical joint symptoms and @entity158 relief as measured by the Harris Hip Score (P = 0.0005). In addition, after the BMMC implantation procedure, radiographic assessment showed disease stabilization and only 3.7 % of the treated @entity1 did not achieve a satisfactory clinical result. The amount of fibroblast colony-forming units was 28.2    13.9 per 1 million BMMCs after concentration. Flow cytometry analysis showed a significantly higher number of hematopoietic stem/endothelial progenitor cell markers in concentrated BMMCs when compared with bone marrow aspirate, indicating an enrichment of these cell types. Isolated MSCs from @entity3458 @entity1 with pre-collapse ONFH maintained the replicative capacity without significant loss of their specific biomolecular characteristics, multi-differentiation potential, and osteogenic differentiation activities. Cytokines and growth factors ( @entity687 , transforming growth factor-beta, stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha and @entity7 ) that mediate endogenous bone regeneration were also produced by expanded MSCs from @entity3458 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The autologous BMMC implantation with a minimally invasive technique resulted in significant @entity158 relief and halted the progression of early stages of ONFH in @entity3458 @entity1 . MSCs from @entity3458 @entity1 display biological properties that may add to the efficiency of surgical treatment in ONFH. In summary, our results indicate that infusion of BMMCs enriched with stem/progenitor cells is a safe and effective treatment for the early stages of ONFH in @entity3458 @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02448121 ; registered 15 May 2015.

title: Efficacy of autologous stem cell-based therapy for @entity2530 of the femoral head in XXXX : a five-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Stem cell therapy with bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMCs) is an option for improving joint function in @entity2530 of the femoral head (ONFH). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) numbers and their osteogenic differentiation are decreased in @entity1 with ONFH. However, whether this decrease also extends to the early stages of ONFH in @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) is still unclear. METHODS: We conducted a phase I/II, non-controlled study to determine efficacy and safety of BMMC implantation using a minimally invasive technique in @entity3458 @entity1 with ONFH. Eighty-nine @entity1 were recruited and followed up for 60 months after surgery. Clinical and radiographic findings were assessed, and data were completed by in vitro analysis. RESULTS: At the final follow-up (60 months) there was a significant improvement in clinical joint symptoms and @entity158 relief as measured by the Harris Hip Score (P = 0.0005). In addition, after the BMMC implantation procedure, radiographic assessment showed disease stabilization and only 3.7 % of the treated @entity1 did not achieve a satisfactory clinical result. The amount of fibroblast colony-forming units was 28.2    13.9 per 1 million BMMCs after concentration. Flow cytometry analysis showed a significantly higher number of hematopoietic stem/endothelial progenitor cell markers in concentrated BMMCs when compared with bone marrow aspirate, indicating an enrichment of these cell types. Isolated MSCs from @entity3458 @entity1 with pre-collapse ONFH maintained the replicative capacity without significant loss of their specific biomolecular characteristics, multi-differentiation potential, and osteogenic differentiation activities. Cytokines and growth factors ( @entity687 , transforming growth factor-beta, stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha and @entity7 ) that mediate endogenous bone regeneration were also produced by expanded MSCs from @entity3458 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The autologous BMMC implantation with a minimally invasive technique resulted in significant @entity158 relief and halted the progression of early stages of ONFH in @entity3458 @entity1 . MSCs from @entity3458 @entity1 display biological properties that may add to the efficiency of surgical treatment in ONFH. In summary, our results indicate that infusion of BMMCs enriched with stem/progenitor cells is a safe and effective treatment for the early stages of ONFH in @entity3458 @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02448121 ; registered 15 May 2015.

title: Efficacy of autologous stem cell-based therapy for XXXX of the femoral head in @entity3458 : a five-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: The @entity112 H2 receptor ( @entity50478 ) is a Gs protein-coupled receptor. Its activation leads to increases in the second messenger @entity268 ( @entity268 ). Presently, several systems are established to characterize the pharmacological profile of the H2R, mostly requiring radioactive material, animal models, or @entity1 blood cells. This prompted us to establish a flow cytometric analysis with a fluorescently labeled @entity435 peptide receptor (FPR) ligand in order to investigate the H2R functionally and pharmacologically. First, we stimulated U937 promonocytes, which mature in a @entity268 -dependent fashion upon H2R activation, with @entity112 (HA) or selective H2R agonists and measured increases in @entity268 concentrations by mass spectrometry. Next, indicative for the maturation of U937 promonocytes, we assessed the FPR expression upon incubation with HA or H2R agonists. FPR expression was measured either indirectly by @entity435 peptide-induced changes in intracellular @entity460 concentrations ([ @entity141 ]i) or directly with the @entity941 -labeled FPR ligand fNleLFNleYK-Fl. HA and H2R agonists concentration-dependently induced FPR expression, and potencies and efficacies of @entity5038 -induced increases in [ @entity141 ]i and FPR density correlated linearly. Accordingly, flow cytometric analysis of FPR expression constitutes a simple, inexpensive, sensitive, and reliable method to characterize the H2R pharmacologically. Furthermore, we evaluated FPR expression at the mRNA level. Generally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed functional data. Additionally, our study supports the concept of functional selectivity of the H2R, since we observed dissociations in the efficacies of HA and H2R agonists in @entity268 accumulation and FPR expression.

title: Flow cytometric analysis with a fluorescently labeled @entity435 peptide receptor ligand as a new method to study the pharmacological profile of the XXXX H2 receptor.

entities_list: @entity268 :: ('CHEBI:17489', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate", 'cAMP']

entities_list: @entity50478 :: ('p|SUB|H|2|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H2R']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity435 :: ('CHEBI:42485', 'Chemical') :: ['formyl']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: The @entity112 H2 receptor ( @entity50478 ) is a Gs protein-coupled receptor. Its activation leads to increases in the second messenger @entity268 ( @entity268 ). Presently, several systems are established to characterize the pharmacological profile of the H2R, mostly requiring radioactive material, animal models, or @entity1 blood cells. This prompted us to establish a flow cytometric analysis with a fluorescently labeled @entity435 peptide receptor (FPR) ligand in order to investigate the H2R functionally and pharmacologically. First, we stimulated U937 promonocytes, which mature in a @entity268 -dependent fashion upon H2R activation, with @entity112 (HA) or selective H2R agonists and measured increases in @entity268 concentrations by mass spectrometry. Next, indicative for the maturation of U937 promonocytes, we assessed the FPR expression upon incubation with HA or H2R agonists. FPR expression was measured either indirectly by @entity435 peptide-induced changes in intracellular @entity460 concentrations ([ @entity141 ]i) or directly with the @entity941 -labeled FPR ligand fNleLFNleYK-Fl. HA and H2R agonists concentration-dependently induced FPR expression, and potencies and efficacies of @entity5038 -induced increases in [ @entity141 ]i and FPR density correlated linearly. Accordingly, flow cytometric analysis of FPR expression constitutes a simple, inexpensive, sensitive, and reliable method to characterize the H2R pharmacologically. Furthermore, we evaluated FPR expression at the mRNA level. Generally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed functional data. Additionally, our study supports the concept of functional selectivity of the H2R, since we observed dissociations in the efficacies of HA and H2R agonists in @entity268 accumulation and FPR expression.

title: Flow cytometric analysis with a fluorescently labeled XXXX peptide receptor ligand as a new method to study the pharmacological profile of the @entity112 H2 receptor.

answer: @entity435 :: (CHEBI:42485,Chemical) :: ['formyl']


abstract: Although @entity7952 and pAKT are reportedly activated in various @entity5 , little information is available about their significance in @entity816 . @entity982 -embedded tissue from 82 @entity1 with diffuse infiltrating @entity816 (grades II to IV) was investigated for the association of @entity7952 and pAKT activation with clinicopathological features, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity9275 dehydrogenase 1 and microvascular parameters. Nuclear @entity7952 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) increased with increasing cytoplasmic @entity7952 @entity894 and nuclear and cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0019, p   =   0.0260 and p   =   0.0012, respectively). Accordingly, cytoplasmic @entity7952 increased with increasing levels of nuclear (p   =   0.0001) and marginally with cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0526). Nuclear and cytoplasmic @entity7952 @entity894 and nuclear pAKT @entity894 were positively correlated with @entity5 histological grade (p   =   0.0040, p   =   0.0238 for @entity7952 and p   =   0.0004 for pAKT, respectively). @entity7 expression was correlated with nuclear @entity7952 (p   =   0.0099) and nuclear pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0002). Interestingly, @entity7952 cytoplasmic @entity894 increased with microvessel calibre (p   =   0.0287), whereas pAKT nuclear @entity894 was marginally related to microvessel density (p   =   0.0685). The presence of @entity818 - @entity28485 was related only to histological grade and lower microvessel calibre. Multivariate survival analysis in the entire cohort selected cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.045), histological grade, microvessel calibre (p   =   0.028), @entity1 ' age, gender and surgical excision as independent predictors of survival. Moreover, in @entity463 , @entity7952 nuclear @entity894 emerged as a favourable prognosticator in the presence of @entity818 - @entity28485 . @entity7952 and pAKT in @entity816 are interrelated and associated with @entity5 grade and angiogenesis. Moreover, the importance of cytoplasmic pAKT immunoexpression in @entity1 ' prognosis and nuclear @entity7952 immunoexpression in @entity463 is confirmed.

title: Expression of @entity7952 and pAKT in @entity1 @entity816 : correlation with @entity818 - @entity28485 presence, XXXX , microvascular characteristics and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labelling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity9275 :: ('MESH:C034219', 'Chemical') :: ['isocitrate']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: Although @entity7952 and pAKT are reportedly activated in various @entity5 , little information is available about their significance in @entity816 . @entity982 -embedded tissue from 82 @entity1 with diffuse infiltrating @entity816 (grades II to IV) was investigated for the association of @entity7952 and pAKT activation with clinicopathological features, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity9275 dehydrogenase 1 and microvascular parameters. Nuclear @entity7952 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) increased with increasing cytoplasmic @entity7952 @entity894 and nuclear and cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0019, p   =   0.0260 and p   =   0.0012, respectively). Accordingly, cytoplasmic @entity7952 increased with increasing levels of nuclear (p   =   0.0001) and marginally with cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0526). Nuclear and cytoplasmic @entity7952 @entity894 and nuclear pAKT @entity894 were positively correlated with @entity5 histological grade (p   =   0.0040, p   =   0.0238 for @entity7952 and p   =   0.0004 for pAKT, respectively). @entity7 expression was correlated with nuclear @entity7952 (p   =   0.0099) and nuclear pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0002). Interestingly, @entity7952 cytoplasmic @entity894 increased with microvessel calibre (p   =   0.0287), whereas pAKT nuclear @entity894 was marginally related to microvessel density (p   =   0.0685). The presence of @entity818 - @entity28485 was related only to histological grade and lower microvessel calibre. Multivariate survival analysis in the entire cohort selected cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.045), histological grade, microvessel calibre (p   =   0.028), @entity1 ' age, gender and surgical excision as independent predictors of survival. Moreover, in @entity463 , @entity7952 nuclear @entity894 emerged as a favourable prognosticator in the presence of @entity818 - @entity28485 . @entity7952 and pAKT in @entity816 are interrelated and associated with @entity5 grade and angiogenesis. Moreover, the importance of cytoplasmic pAKT immunoexpression in @entity1 ' prognosis and nuclear @entity7952 immunoexpression in @entity463 is confirmed.

title: Expression of @entity7952 and pAKT in @entity1 @entity816 : correlation with XXXX - @entity28485 presence, @entity7 , microvascular characteristics and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity818 :: (3417,Gene) :: ['IDH1']


abstract: Although @entity7952 and pAKT are reportedly activated in various @entity5 , little information is available about their significance in @entity816 . @entity982 -embedded tissue from 82 @entity1 with diffuse infiltrating @entity816 (grades II to IV) was investigated for the association of @entity7952 and pAKT activation with clinicopathological features, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity9275 dehydrogenase 1 and microvascular parameters. Nuclear @entity7952 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) increased with increasing cytoplasmic @entity7952 @entity894 and nuclear and cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0019, p   =   0.0260 and p   =   0.0012, respectively). Accordingly, cytoplasmic @entity7952 increased with increasing levels of nuclear (p   =   0.0001) and marginally with cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0526). Nuclear and cytoplasmic @entity7952 @entity894 and nuclear pAKT @entity894 were positively correlated with @entity5 histological grade (p   =   0.0040, p   =   0.0238 for @entity7952 and p   =   0.0004 for pAKT, respectively). @entity7 expression was correlated with nuclear @entity7952 (p   =   0.0099) and nuclear pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0002). Interestingly, @entity7952 cytoplasmic @entity894 increased with microvessel calibre (p   =   0.0287), whereas pAKT nuclear @entity894 was marginally related to microvessel density (p   =   0.0685). The presence of @entity818 - @entity28485 was related only to histological grade and lower microvessel calibre. Multivariate survival analysis in the entire cohort selected cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.045), histological grade, microvessel calibre (p   =   0.028), @entity1 ' age, gender and surgical excision as independent predictors of survival. Moreover, in @entity463 , @entity7952 nuclear @entity894 emerged as a favourable prognosticator in the presence of @entity818 - @entity28485 . @entity7952 and pAKT in @entity816 are interrelated and associated with @entity5 grade and angiogenesis. Moreover, the importance of cytoplasmic pAKT immunoexpression in @entity1 ' prognosis and nuclear @entity7952 immunoexpression in @entity463 is confirmed.

title: Expression of XXXX and pAKT in @entity1 @entity816 : correlation with @entity818 - @entity28485 presence, @entity7 , microvascular characteristics and clinical outcome.

answer: @entity7952 :: (9451,Gene) :: ['pERK']


abstract: Although @entity7952 and pAKT are reportedly activated in various @entity5 , little information is available about their significance in @entity816 . @entity982 -embedded tissue from 82 @entity1 with diffuse infiltrating @entity816 (grades II to IV) was investigated for the association of @entity7952 and pAKT activation with clinicopathological features, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity9275 dehydrogenase 1 and microvascular parameters. Nuclear @entity7952 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) increased with increasing cytoplasmic @entity7952 @entity894 and nuclear and cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0019, p   =   0.0260 and p   =   0.0012, respectively). Accordingly, cytoplasmic @entity7952 increased with increasing levels of nuclear (p   =   0.0001) and marginally with cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0526). Nuclear and cytoplasmic @entity7952 @entity894 and nuclear pAKT @entity894 were positively correlated with @entity5 histological grade (p   =   0.0040, p   =   0.0238 for @entity7952 and p   =   0.0004 for pAKT, respectively). @entity7 expression was correlated with nuclear @entity7952 (p   =   0.0099) and nuclear pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0002). Interestingly, @entity7952 cytoplasmic @entity894 increased with microvessel calibre (p   =   0.0287), whereas pAKT nuclear @entity894 was marginally related to microvessel density (p   =   0.0685). The presence of @entity818 - @entity28485 was related only to histological grade and lower microvessel calibre. Multivariate survival analysis in the entire cohort selected cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.045), histological grade, microvessel calibre (p   =   0.028), @entity1 ' age, gender and surgical excision as independent predictors of survival. Moreover, in @entity463 , @entity7952 nuclear @entity894 emerged as a favourable prognosticator in the presence of @entity818 - @entity28485 . @entity7952 and pAKT in @entity816 are interrelated and associated with @entity5 grade and angiogenesis. Moreover, the importance of cytoplasmic pAKT immunoexpression in @entity1 ' prognosis and nuclear @entity7952 immunoexpression in @entity463 is confirmed.

title: Expression of @entity7952 and pAKT in @entity1 XXXX : correlation with @entity818 - @entity28485 presence, @entity7 , microvascular characteristics and clinical outcome.

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: Although @entity7952 and pAKT are reportedly activated in various @entity5 , little information is available about their significance in @entity816 . @entity982 -embedded tissue from 82 @entity1 with diffuse infiltrating @entity816 (grades II to IV) was investigated for the association of @entity7952 and pAKT activation with clinicopathological features, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity9275 dehydrogenase 1 and microvascular parameters. Nuclear @entity7952 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) increased with increasing cytoplasmic @entity7952 @entity894 and nuclear and cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0019, p   =   0.0260 and p   =   0.0012, respectively). Accordingly, cytoplasmic @entity7952 increased with increasing levels of nuclear (p   =   0.0001) and marginally with cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0526). Nuclear and cytoplasmic @entity7952 @entity894 and nuclear pAKT @entity894 were positively correlated with @entity5 histological grade (p   =   0.0040, p   =   0.0238 for @entity7952 and p   =   0.0004 for pAKT, respectively). @entity7 expression was correlated with nuclear @entity7952 (p   =   0.0099) and nuclear pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0002). Interestingly, @entity7952 cytoplasmic @entity894 increased with microvessel calibre (p   =   0.0287), whereas pAKT nuclear @entity894 was marginally related to microvessel density (p   =   0.0685). The presence of @entity818 - @entity28485 was related only to histological grade and lower microvessel calibre. Multivariate survival analysis in the entire cohort selected cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.045), histological grade, microvessel calibre (p   =   0.028), @entity1 ' age, gender and surgical excision as independent predictors of survival. Moreover, in @entity463 , @entity7952 nuclear @entity894 emerged as a favourable prognosticator in the presence of @entity818 - @entity28485 . @entity7952 and pAKT in @entity816 are interrelated and associated with @entity5 grade and angiogenesis. Moreover, the importance of cytoplasmic pAKT immunoexpression in @entity1 ' prognosis and nuclear @entity7952 immunoexpression in @entity463 is confirmed.

title: Expression of @entity7952 and pAKT in @entity1 @entity816 : correlation with @entity818 - XXXX presence, @entity7 , microvascular characteristics and clinical outcome.

answer: @entity28485 :: (p|SUB|R|132|H,ProteinMutation) :: ['R132H']


abstract: Although @entity7952 and pAKT are reportedly activated in various @entity5 , little information is available about their significance in @entity816 . @entity982 -embedded tissue from 82 @entity1 with diffuse infiltrating @entity816 (grades II to IV) was investigated for the association of @entity7952 and pAKT activation with clinicopathological features, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity9275 dehydrogenase 1 and microvascular parameters. Nuclear @entity7952 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) increased with increasing cytoplasmic @entity7952 @entity894 and nuclear and cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0019, p   =   0.0260 and p   =   0.0012, respectively). Accordingly, cytoplasmic @entity7952 increased with increasing levels of nuclear (p   =   0.0001) and marginally with cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0526). Nuclear and cytoplasmic @entity7952 @entity894 and nuclear pAKT @entity894 were positively correlated with @entity5 histological grade (p   =   0.0040, p   =   0.0238 for @entity7952 and p   =   0.0004 for pAKT, respectively). @entity7 expression was correlated with nuclear @entity7952 (p   =   0.0099) and nuclear pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.0002). Interestingly, @entity7952 cytoplasmic @entity894 increased with microvessel calibre (p   =   0.0287), whereas pAKT nuclear @entity894 was marginally related to microvessel density (p   =   0.0685). The presence of @entity818 - @entity28485 was related only to histological grade and lower microvessel calibre. Multivariate survival analysis in the entire cohort selected cytoplasmic pAKT @entity894 (p   =   0.045), histological grade, microvessel calibre (p   =   0.028), @entity1 ' age, gender and surgical excision as independent predictors of survival. Moreover, in @entity463 , @entity7952 nuclear @entity894 emerged as a favourable prognosticator in the presence of @entity818 - @entity28485 . @entity7952 and pAKT in @entity816 are interrelated and associated with @entity5 grade and angiogenesis. Moreover, the importance of cytoplasmic pAKT immunoexpression in @entity1 ' prognosis and nuclear @entity7952 immunoexpression in @entity463 is confirmed.

title: Expression of @entity7952 and pAKT in XXXX @entity816 : correlation with @entity818 - @entity28485 presence, @entity7 , microvascular characteristics and clinical outcome.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']