abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of two injection rates of contrast material (3 mL/sec and 5 mL/sec) in hepatic arterial dominant phase MDCT for the detection of small (< 2 cm) @entity157 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The injection rates 3 mL/sec and 5 mL/sec were used prospectively in imaging examinations of @entity1 with the suspected diagnosis of @entity157 . Each group consisted of 30 @entity1 by chance. The group that received injections at 3 mL/sec had 35 @entity157 lesions, and the 5 mL/sec group had 41 lesions. In all @entity1 the dose and concentration of contrast material were 100 mL and 350 mg/mL @entity1496 (total dose of @entity1496 , 35 g). In each @entity1 a mini-test-bolus technique was used with an additional 15 mL of contrast material to determine optimal scan delay after administration of contrast material. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess diagnostic performance with the two injection rates of contrast material. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in regard to area under the curve and sensitivity. These values for the 3 mL/sec group were 0.97 and 28/35 (80%) and for the 5 mL/sec group were 0.96 and 36/41 (88%). However, the specificity and positive predictive values at 3 mL/sec (236/250 [95%] and 28/42 [67%]) were significantly higher than those at 5 mL/sec (227/265 [86%] and 36/73 [49%]) (p < 0.05). These results suggest there were more false-positive findings of contrast-enhanced lesions in cirrhotic livers on hepatic arterial dominant phase images obtained after injection of contrast material at 5 mL/sec than on images obtained after injection at 3 mL/sec. CONCLUSION: In the detection of @entity157 in cirrhotic liver, the risk of false-positive findings of lesions on hepatic arterial dominant phase images is significantly greater with the higher injection rate (5 mL/sec) than with the medium rate (3 mL/sec).

title: Effect of injection rate of contrast material on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinomas', 'small hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['CT of hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to assess whether cerebral microbleeds are related to early hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolytic therapy for hyperacute @entity385 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cases of 279 @entity1 with suspected @entity385 who underwent MRI including T2*-weighted images were retrospectively evaluated. The inclusion criteria were as follows: imaging performed within 6 hr after symptom onset, presence of territorial infarct of anterior circulation, no history of @entity1779 , thrombolytic treatment, and available follow-up MR images. Microbleeds were classified according to number as follows: absent (grade 1, 0 @entity548 ), mild (grade 2, 1-2 @entity548 ), moderate (grade 3, 3-10 @entity548 ), and severe (grade 4, > 10 @entity548 ). The prevalence and severity of early hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolysis were assessed on follow-up images. RESULTS: Among 279 @entity1 , 65 @entity1 (37 @entity1 , 28 @entity1 ; mean age, 67 years) met the inclusion criteria. Microbleeds were found in 25 @entity1 . Early hemorrhagic transformation occurred in nine of 40 @entity1 without microbleeds (grade 1) and in eight of 25 @entity1 with microbleeds: two of 12 @entity1 with grade 2, three of eight @entity1 with grade 3, and three of five @entity1 with grade 4 microbleeds. The presence of symptomatic @entity548 did not correlate with the number of microbleeds. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of microbleeds was not associated with hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolytic treatment. CONCLUSION: Small and large numbers of microbleeds are not independent risk factors for early hemorrhagic transformation and symptomatic @entity548 after thrombolytic therapy for hyperacute @entity385 . Additional studies with large groups of subjects are needed to confirm our conclusion.

title: Multiple cerebral microbleeds in hyperacute XXXX : impact on prevalence and severity of early hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolytic treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeds']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. OBJECTIVE: Estimate prevalence of inadequate dietary intakes in community-dwelling @entity1 and @entity1 with chronic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). SETTING: Ontario, Canada. METHODS: In-home interviewer administered multiple-pass 24-h recalls were collected at baseline (n=77) and at 6 months (n=68). Dietary intake (adjusted to remove intra-individual variation) was compared with the dietary reference intakes (DRIs), specifically the estimated average requirement, adequate intake (AI) and acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR). RESULTS: Macronutrient intakes, as percentages of daily energy, for @entity1 (16% protein, 52% @entity1735 , 30% fat) and @entity1 (17% protein, 53% @entity1735 , 28% fat) were within the AMDR. Despite this, inadequate intakes for @entity1 (n=63) and @entity1 (n=14) were determined for @entity904 (92 and 57%), @entity1760 (89 and 71%), @entity1501 (75 and 79%), @entity219 (71 and 29%), @entity620 (52 and 14%), @entity9138 (22 and 14%), @entity2186 (6 and 29%), @entity8728 (5% @entity1 ) and @entity2245 (24% @entity1 ). Mean usual intakes of fiber, @entity560 , @entity460 and @entity972 fell below the AI for @entity1 and @entity1 . In all, 53% of @entity1 consumed a micronutrient supplement in the previous 24 h at baseline and at 6 months-specifically, @entity460 (29, 19%), multivitamin (26, 25%), @entity560 (22, 12%) and @entity620 (9, 6%). CONCLUSION: Our results show numerous nutrient inadequacies, relative to the DRIs, for @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1566 . This study has important implications for clinical dietetic practice in the @entity1566 population.

title: Evidence of dietary inadequacy in adults with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: @entity1 undergoing @entity358 often experience @entity5122 during induction of general anesthesia (GA). Therefore, we studied the incidence and possible risk factors for @entity5122 during GA induction. Fifty-two consecutive @entity1 undergoing @entity358 at our institution were included. @entity891 after GA induction was defined as @entity551 refractory to vasopressor, inotrope, or fluid administration, requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation followed by urgent institution of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Demographic variables, comorbidities, specific location of thromboemboli, preoperative inotropic support, and anesthetic drugs used for GA induction were evaluated as possible risk factors. After GA induction, @entity891 occurred in 19% of @entity1 (n = 10). However, the occurrence of hemodynamic instability was not predicted by any of the evaluated risk factors. In addition, the incidence of in-hospital mortality did not differ between hemodynamically stable or unstable @entity1 (10%; 4 of 42 versus 10%; 1 of 10 @entity1 , respectively). In conclusion, @entity5122 after GA induction develops frequently during @entity358 . On the basis of our experience from this study and the unpredictable nature of @entity5122 , we suggest that @entity1 undergoing @entity358 should be prepared and draped before GA induction, and a cardiac surgical team should immediately be available for emergent institution of cardiopulmonary bypass.

title: Acute @entity891 after induction of general anesthesia for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['Hemodynamic collapse', 'hemodynamic collapse']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['emergent pulmonary embolectomy', 'pulmonary embolectomy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['emergent pulmonary embolectomy']


abstract: @entity1 undergoing @entity358 often experience @entity5122 during induction of general anesthesia (GA). Therefore, we studied the incidence and possible risk factors for @entity5122 during GA induction. Fifty-two consecutive @entity1 undergoing @entity358 at our institution were included. @entity891 after GA induction was defined as @entity551 refractory to vasopressor, inotrope, or fluid administration, requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation followed by urgent institution of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Demographic variables, comorbidities, specific location of thromboemboli, preoperative inotropic support, and anesthetic drugs used for GA induction were evaluated as possible risk factors. After GA induction, @entity891 occurred in 19% of @entity1 (n = 10). However, the occurrence of hemodynamic instability was not predicted by any of the evaluated risk factors. In addition, the incidence of in-hospital mortality did not differ between hemodynamically stable or unstable @entity1 (10%; 4 of 42 versus 10%; 1 of 10 @entity1 , respectively). In conclusion, @entity5122 after GA induction develops frequently during @entity358 . On the basis of our experience from this study and the unpredictable nature of @entity5122 , we suggest that @entity1 undergoing @entity358 should be prepared and draped before GA induction, and a cardiac surgical team should immediately be available for emergent institution of cardiopulmonary bypass.

title: Acute XXXX after induction of general anesthesia for @entity358 .

answer: @entity891 :: (MESH:D001261,Disease) :: ['hemodynamic collapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 2003 Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for @entity497 ( @entity497 ) recommend the initiation of antibiotic therapy within 4 h of hospitalization. This quality indicator has been linked to the incentive compensation of third-party payers to hospitals. We evaluated the impact of this recommendation on the diagnosis of @entity497 and the utilization of antibiotics. METHODS: All @entity1 with a hospital admission diagnosis of @entity497 before publication of the guidelines (January to June 2003) and after publication of the guidelines (January-June 2005) were included. We collected data on clinical signs and symptoms on presentation, chest radiograph findings, blood cultures prior to therapy with antibiotics, time to antibiotic administration, @entity55 severity index (PSI) score, confusion, @entity1133 , respiratory rate, BP, and age >or= 65 years (CURB-65), and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 518 @entity1 were included in the study. More @entity1 in 2005 had a hospital admission diagnosis of @entity497 without @entity854 compared to 2003 (2005, 91 @entity1 [28.5%]; 2003, 41 @entity1 [20.6%]; p = 0.04), and more patients received antibiotics within 4 h of triage (2005, 210 @entity1 [65.8%]; 2003, 107 @entity1 [53.8%]; p = 0.007). Blood cultures prior to antibiotic administration increased (2005, 220 @entity1 [69.6%]; 2003, 93 @entity1 [46.7%]; p < 0.001). However, the final diagnosis of @entity497 dropped to 58.9% in 2005 from 75.9% in 2003 (p < 0.001). The mean (+/- SD) antibiotic utilization per @entity1 increased to 1.66 +/- 0.54 in 2005 compared to 1.39 +/- 0.58 in 2003 (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in PSI or CURB-65 scores, or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Linking antibiotic administration within 4 h of hospital admission (as a quality indicator) to financial compensation may result in an inaccurate diagnosis of @entity497 , inappropriate utilization of antibiotics, and thus less than optimal care.

title: Misdiagnosis of XXXX and inappropriate utilization of antibiotics: side effects of the 4-h antibiotic administration rule.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We determined the relative efficacy of subcutaneous (SC) @entity13992 in stable World Health Organization class II and III @entity1 transitioned from IV @entity4770 . METHODS: This was an 8-week, multicenter, randomized study in which @entity1 were transitioned from IV @entity4770 to SC @entity13992 or placebo over a period of up to 14 days and monitored carefully during and after the transition period for signs of deterioration. @entity1 with clinical deterioration were returned promptly to @entity4770 . Placebo or SC @entity13992 doses were titrated in response to symptoms. Time to adjudicated clinical deterioration was compared between treatment groups, and exercise capacity, symptoms of disease, and safety were assessed throughout the study. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 were enrolled and completed the study. Seven of 8 @entity1 (88%) [corrected] withdrawn to placebo had clinical deterioration, while only 1 of 14 @entity1 (7%) [corrected] withdrawn to SC @entity13992 had clinical deterioration (p = 0.00023 based on a treatment comparison of time to deterioration). Analyses of exercise capacity and symptoms strongly supported the efficacy of SC @entity13992 in @entity4770 -treated @entity1 . Adverse events consisted of painful @entity3337 and anticipated prostacyclin side effects. CONCLUSIONS: SC @entity13992 is effective in @entity120 and prevents clinical deterioration and maintains functional status in @entity1 transitioned from @entity4770 .

title: Transition from IV @entity4770 to subcutaneous @entity13992 in XXXX : a controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['epoprostenol']

entities_list: @entity13992 :: ('MESH:C427248', 'Chemical') :: ['treprostinil']

entities_list: @entity3337 :: ('MESH:D009371', 'Disease') :: ['infusion site reactions']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We determined the relative efficacy of subcutaneous (SC) @entity13992 in stable World Health Organization class II and III @entity1 transitioned from IV @entity4770 . METHODS: This was an 8-week, multicenter, randomized study in which @entity1 were transitioned from IV @entity4770 to SC @entity13992 or placebo over a period of up to 14 days and monitored carefully during and after the transition period for signs of deterioration. @entity1 with clinical deterioration were returned promptly to @entity4770 . Placebo or SC @entity13992 doses were titrated in response to symptoms. Time to adjudicated clinical deterioration was compared between treatment groups, and exercise capacity, symptoms of disease, and safety were assessed throughout the study. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 were enrolled and completed the study. Seven of 8 @entity1 (88%) [corrected] withdrawn to placebo had clinical deterioration, while only 1 of 14 @entity1 (7%) [corrected] withdrawn to SC @entity13992 had clinical deterioration (p = 0.00023 based on a treatment comparison of time to deterioration). Analyses of exercise capacity and symptoms strongly supported the efficacy of SC @entity13992 in @entity4770 -treated @entity1 . Adverse events consisted of painful @entity3337 and anticipated prostacyclin side effects. CONCLUSIONS: SC @entity13992 is effective in @entity120 and prevents clinical deterioration and maintains functional status in @entity1 transitioned from @entity4770 .

title: Transition from IV XXXX to subcutaneous @entity13992 in @entity120 : a controlled trial.

answer: @entity4770 :: (MESH:D011464,Chemical) :: ['epoprostenol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We determined the relative efficacy of subcutaneous (SC) @entity13992 in stable World Health Organization class II and III @entity1 transitioned from IV @entity4770 . METHODS: This was an 8-week, multicenter, randomized study in which @entity1 were transitioned from IV @entity4770 to SC @entity13992 or placebo over a period of up to 14 days and monitored carefully during and after the transition period for signs of deterioration. @entity1 with clinical deterioration were returned promptly to @entity4770 . Placebo or SC @entity13992 doses were titrated in response to symptoms. Time to adjudicated clinical deterioration was compared between treatment groups, and exercise capacity, symptoms of disease, and safety were assessed throughout the study. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 were enrolled and completed the study. Seven of 8 @entity1 (88%) [corrected] withdrawn to placebo had clinical deterioration, while only 1 of 14 @entity1 (7%) [corrected] withdrawn to SC @entity13992 had clinical deterioration (p = 0.00023 based on a treatment comparison of time to deterioration). Analyses of exercise capacity and symptoms strongly supported the efficacy of SC @entity13992 in @entity4770 -treated @entity1 . Adverse events consisted of painful @entity3337 and anticipated prostacyclin side effects. CONCLUSIONS: SC @entity13992 is effective in @entity120 and prevents clinical deterioration and maintains functional status in @entity1 transitioned from @entity4770 .

title: Transition from IV @entity4770 to subcutaneous XXXX in @entity120 : a controlled trial.

answer: @entity13992 :: (MESH:C427248,Chemical) :: ['treprostinil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) is a commonly performed bronchoscopic procedure. Previous studies have suggested that larger biopsy forceps may improve diagnostic yield; however, the risk of @entity548 associated with larger samples may be increased. The hot forceps are large forceps that are connected to an electrocautery system to minimize @entity548 at the time of biopsy. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the hot forceps for improvement in biopsy size and the number of sampled alveoli. METHODS: TBLBs were performed in 2 @entity1707 using one type of the forceps, followed by the other forceps 24 h later. Electrocautery was applied from closure of the forceps to retrieval of the sample. A blinded pathologist measured the size of each sample in its longest dimension and calculated the total alveolar content within the largest cross-section from each biopsy. RESULTS: A total of 74 biopsies were collected using each forceps type. Alveolar tissue was present in 25/74 and 26/74 of the biopsies using the hot and conventional forceps, respectively. There was no difference in the size of biopsies collected (2.10 +/- 1.10 vs. 1.83 +/- 0.94 mm; p = 0.164) or in the amount of alveoli per sample (343.2 +/- 402.4 vs. 439.5 +/- 463.5 alveoli; p = 0.433) for hot and conventional forceps, respectively. There was no artifact related to the use of electrocautery, and @entity548 was minimal using either forceps system. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the electrocautery hot forceps for TBLB did not result in improvement of the size of biopsies or the amount of collected alveolar tissue in healthy @entity1707 .

title: Comparison of transbronchial lung biopsy yield between standard forceps and electrocautery hot forceps in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: AIM: To report a @entity1 with @entity6 who suffered from acute retinal ischemic change and @entity64 after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. METHODS: A 55-year-old @entity1 had @entity6 with unilateral rubeosis and macular @entity4 . Three days after receiving intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg in 0.1 ml), he developed @entity1018 . A complete ocular examination, @entity941 angiography, carotid artery Doppler sonography and brain magnetic resonance imaging were performed. RESULTS: Best corrected visual acuity before injection was 6/60 in the left eye. He had underlying @entity543 combined with bilateral preproliferative @entity6 . Three days after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, acute @entity63 occurred. He also suffered from @entity64 , and brain magnetic resonance angiography showed @entity432 . The final visual acuity was no light perception in the left eye and 3/6 in the right eye. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 receiving intravitreal injections of bevacizumab should be evaluated for potential systemic risk factors such as @entity1887 , @entity1003 and poorly controlled @entity6 . Acute @entity63 change may be associated with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in @entity1 with vascular compromised @entity6 and/or underlying stenosis of the carotid artery.

title: Acute @entity1018 after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (avastin) associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['acute vision loss and change of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic rubeosis', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ocular ischemic', 'ocular ischemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['carotid insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total left internal carotid artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['left carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ocular ischemic syndrome']


abstract: AIM: To report a @entity1 with @entity6 who suffered from acute retinal ischemic change and @entity64 after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. METHODS: A 55-year-old @entity1 had @entity6 with unilateral rubeosis and macular @entity4 . Three days after receiving intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg in 0.1 ml), he developed @entity1018 . A complete ocular examination, @entity941 angiography, carotid artery Doppler sonography and brain magnetic resonance imaging were performed. RESULTS: Best corrected visual acuity before injection was 6/60 in the left eye. He had underlying @entity543 combined with bilateral preproliferative @entity6 . Three days after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, acute @entity63 occurred. He also suffered from @entity64 , and brain magnetic resonance angiography showed @entity432 . The final visual acuity was no light perception in the left eye and 3/6 in the right eye. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 receiving intravitreal injections of bevacizumab should be evaluated for potential systemic risk factors such as @entity1887 , @entity1003 and poorly controlled @entity6 . Acute @entity63 change may be associated with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in @entity1 with vascular compromised @entity6 and/or underlying stenosis of the carotid artery.

title: Acute XXXX after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (avastin) associated with @entity63 .

answer: @entity1018 :: (MESH:D054062,Disease) :: ['vision loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic myotomy is the preferred treatment of @entity1318 . Our objectives were to assess the long-term outcome of esophageal myotomy and to identify preoperative factors influencing the outcome. METHODS: Preoperative and long-term outcome data were collected from @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic myotomy for @entity1318 at our institution. The primary endpoint of the study was the postoperative change (delta) in @entity1282 score. This score was calculated by combining the frequency and the severity of @entity1282 . Persistent postoperative @entity1282 was defined as 1 standard deviation less than the mean delta score of all @entity1 . Logistic regression was used to identify independent preoperative factors associated with successful myotomy. RESULTS: A total of 200 consecutive @entity1 were included in the study. At a mean follow-up of 42.1 months, the mean delta @entity1282 score was 7.1 +/- 2.6; therefore, the myotomy was considered successful when the delta score was >4.5. According to this definition, 170 (85%) @entity1 achieved excellent @entity1282 relief (responders). Responders had higher preoperative low esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure than nonresponders: 42.6 +/- 13.1 versus 23.8 +/- 7.0 mm Hg (P = 0.001). High preoperative LES pressure remained an independent predictor of excellent response in the multivariate logistic regression model. @entity1 with LES pressure >35 mm Hg had an odds ratio of 21.3, making more likely to achieve excellent @entity1282 relief after myotomy compared with those with LES pressure < or =35 mm Hg (odds ratio, 21.3; 95% confidence interval, 6.1-73.5, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic myotomy can durably relieve symptoms of @entity1282 . Elevated preoperative LES pressure represents the strongest positive outcome predictor.

title: Laparoscopic myotomy for XXXX : predictors of successful outcome after 200 cases.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to report the long-term complications of iris-claw phakic intraocular lens implantation in a @entity1 with @entity36640 . METHODS: Case report and literature review. RESULTS: A 26-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity726 had bilateral phakic lens implantation for @entity1714 10 years previously. Two years later, the left implant dislocated and was repositioned. Slit-lamp examination of both eyes revealed phakic implants of the iris-claw variety. There were moderate @entity22958 in the areas in which the lens haptics pinched the @entity1539 and moderate epithelial and stromal @entity4 over the temporal one-third of the left @entity267 . The crystalline lenses were clear with 3+phacodonesis OU. Dilated fundus examinations revealed bilateral severe @entity1781 . Crystalline lens diameters were measured at 7.5mm in the right eye and 8 mm in the left. Anterior chamber depths were 2.63 mm OD and 2.40 mm @entity3012 . Specular microscopy revealed central endothelial cell counts of 1133 and 587 cells/mm OD and @entity3012 , respectively. Axial lengths were 23.3 mm OD and 25 mm @entity3012 . Gonioscopic examination revealed bilateral angle closure with marked @entity1897 . Based on our findings of @entity851 , shortened and thickened fingers, relatively normal axial length, @entity27208 , @entity1714 , and @entity726 , we diagnosed the @entity1 with @entity36640 . CONCLUSION: Iris claw-lens phakic lenses may be an effective surgical alternative to correct @entity1714 in select @entity1 ; however, it may produce long-term complications in eyes with specific features.

title: Long-term complications of iris-claw phakic intraocular lens implantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris in both eyes']

entities_list: @entity27208 :: ('MESH:C563255', 'Disease') :: ['microspherophakia']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral anterior synechiae']

entities_list: @entity36640 :: ('MESH:D056846', 'Disease') :: ['Weill-Marchesani syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve cupping']

entities_list: @entity22958 :: ('MESH:D057129', 'Disease') :: ['iridocorneal adhesions']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia']

answer: @entity36640 :: (MESH:D056846,Disease) :: ['Weill-Marchesani syndrome']


abstract: One of the unique features of beta-cells is their relatively low expression of many antioxidant enzymes. This could render beta-cells susceptible to oxidative damage but may also provide a system that is sensitive to reactive @entity26 species as signals. In isolated @entity19 islets and INS-1(832/13) cells, @entity413 increases intracellular accumulation of @entity274 . In both models, insulin secretion could be stimulated by provision of either exogenous @entity274 or @entity43840 , which raises intracellular @entity274 levels. Provision of exogenous @entity274 scavengers, including cell permeable catalase and @entity898 , inhibited @entity413 -stimulated @entity274 accumulation and insulin secretion (GSIS). In contrast, cell permeable @entity224 dismutase, which metabolizes @entity224 into @entity274 , had no effect on GSIS. Because oxidative stress is an important risk factor for beta-cell dysfunction in @entity6 , the relationship between @entity413 -induced @entity274 generation and GSIS was investigated under various oxidative stress conditions. Acute exposure of isolated @entity19 islets or INS-1(832/13) cells to oxidative stressors, including @entity4250 , @entity11838 , and @entity14625 , led to decreased GSIS. This impaired GSIS was associated with increases in a battery of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Taken together, these findings suggest that @entity274 derived from @entity413 metabolism is one of the metabolic signals for insulin secretion, whereas oxidative stress may disturb its signaling function.

title: Reactive XXXX species as a signal in @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion.

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenite']

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity43840 :: ('MESH:C014476', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyl maleate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxynonenal']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: One of the unique features of beta-cells is their relatively low expression of many antioxidant enzymes. This could render beta-cells susceptible to oxidative damage but may also provide a system that is sensitive to reactive @entity26 species as signals. In isolated @entity19 islets and INS-1(832/13) cells, @entity413 increases intracellular accumulation of @entity274 . In both models, insulin secretion could be stimulated by provision of either exogenous @entity274 or @entity43840 , which raises intracellular @entity274 levels. Provision of exogenous @entity274 scavengers, including cell permeable catalase and @entity898 , inhibited @entity413 -stimulated @entity274 accumulation and insulin secretion (GSIS). In contrast, cell permeable @entity224 dismutase, which metabolizes @entity224 into @entity274 , had no effect on GSIS. Because oxidative stress is an important risk factor for beta-cell dysfunction in @entity6 , the relationship between @entity413 -induced @entity274 generation and GSIS was investigated under various oxidative stress conditions. Acute exposure of isolated @entity19 islets or INS-1(832/13) cells to oxidative stressors, including @entity4250 , @entity11838 , and @entity14625 , led to decreased GSIS. This impaired GSIS was associated with increases in a battery of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Taken together, these findings suggest that @entity274 derived from @entity413 metabolism is one of the metabolic signals for insulin secretion, whereas oxidative stress may disturb its signaling function.

title: Reactive @entity26 species as a signal in XXXX -stimulated insulin secretion.

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Noninvasive objective tests are needed to diagnose @entity10632 ( @entity10632 ) and to evaluate treatment responses. Ultrasound imaging of the salivary glands is rapid and noninvasive. Recent open-label studies suggested that anti- @entity2225 (rituximab) may be effective in @entity10632 . The purpose of this study was to look for ultrasound evidence of the effects of rituximab in @entity10632 . METHODS: We compared 16 @entity1 fulfilling the new American-European consensus group criteria for @entity10632 to 9 controls, using B-mode ultrasound features (parenchymal homogeneity and gland size) and Doppler waveform analysis of the transverse facial artery of parotid glands. We compared the same parameters in the @entity1 before and after 12 weeks of intravenous rituximab therapy. RESULTS: Compared to controls, untreated @entity1 had significant abnormalities in salivary gland structure (p < 0.0001) and parotid size (2.05 +/- 0.33 cm versus 1.70 +/- 0.28 cm; p = 0.001). Doppler waveform analysis showed significant differences before, but not after, lemon stimulation between untreated @entity1 and controls. After rituximab treatment, significant size reductions were noted in the parotids (2.05 +/- 0.3 cm at baseline and 1.86 +/- 0.27 cm at week 12; p = 0.002) and submandibular glands (2.02 +/- 0.54 cm at baseline and 1.66 +/- 0.34 cm at week 12; p = 0.001). Doppler resistive indices after lemon stimulation were significantly increased after rituximab treatment. CONCLUSION: Salivary gland measurements and blood inflow responses to salivary stimulation as assessed by ultrasound hold promise as objective noninvasive tools for evaluating rituximab effects in @entity1 with @entity10632 .

title: Ultrasound assessment of salivary glands in XXXX with primary Sj  gren's syndrome treated with rituximab: Quantitative and Doppler waveform analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["primary Sjogren's syndrome", 'pSS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity21597 are a new class of antimicrotubule agents currently in clinical trials. Their chemical structures are distinct from @entity6023 and are more amenable to synthetic modification. Six @entity21597 have been studied in preclinical and clinical trials: @entity14514 ( @entity14514 ), @entity19878 ( @entity19878 ), @entity72396 , @entity18553 (ZK-EPO), @entity57117 ( @entity57117 ), and @entity72397 . In vitro data have shown increased potency in @entity3907 -sensitive and @entity3907 -resistant @entity5 cell lines. This enhanced cytotoxic effect has been attributed to epothilone being a poor substrate for @entity1262 drug resistance protein and having high affinity to the various beta tubulin isoforms. Phase I clinical data have shown different dose-limiting @entity137 for each of the @entity21597 . These effects are drug specific, dose specific, and schedule of administration specific. While @entity294 and myelosuppression are the dose-limiting @entity137 for @entity14514 and @entity72396 , respectively, @entity137 , as seen with @entity6023 , is the dose-limiting @entity137 of @entity19878 , @entity18553 , and @entity57117 . In an effort to decrease @entity137 , investigators have modified dosing schedules with limited success. @entity19878 has the most mature clinical results with published phase II and III data, and regulatory approval for clinical use in the treatment of @entity0 . @entity19878 has also been combined with other anticancer agents and has regulatory approval in combination with @entity416 for heavily treated @entity0 .

title: Novel microtubule-targeting agents - the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18553 :: ('MESH:C530494', 'Chemical') :: ['sagopilone']

entities_list: @entity21597 :: ('MESH:D034261', 'Chemical') :: ['Epothilones', 'epothilones']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity', 'neurologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity19878 :: ('MESH:C430592', 'Chemical') :: ['BMS247550', 'ixabepilone', 'Ixabepilone']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity14514 :: ('MESH:C093788', 'Chemical') :: ['patupilone', 'epothilone B']

answer: @entity21597 :: (MESH:D034261,Chemical) :: ['epothilones']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: We reviewed cases of @entity1642 or os acromiale among a consecutive series of 240 reverse prostheses implanted between 1995 and 2003. MATERIAL AND @entity1 : Ten @entity1 presented os acromiale, ten @entity174 , and one nonunion of the scapular spine. The reverse prosthesis was implanted via a deltopectoral approach with no specific procedure on the acromion. There were 17 @entity1 and four @entity1 , mean age 72 years. The dominant side was involved for 70%. The prosthesis was indicated for excentered @entity5122 (n=14), massive rotator cuff tears without @entity571 (n=5), and failure of a hemiarthroplasty (n=2). Seventeen @entity1 were reviewed with more than two years follow-up. RESULTS: 87.5% of the acromial lesions became dislocated postoperatively due to the traction of the deltoid. There was no significant difference between os acromiale and @entity1642 . The acromial displacement did not compromise the objective outcome since the Constant score was comparable to that obtained in 179 cases with no acromial lesion reviewed with the same follow-up. Unlike these later shoulders, there were two cases of scapular spine fracture postoperatively, leading to poor function ( @entity158 and motion scores less than the global score). CONCLUSION: Acquired or congenital acromial lesions are not a contraindication for reverse prosthesis. @entity86 of the scapular spine is less well tolerated and may required revision for osteosynthesis.

title: [Reverse prosthesis and os acromiale or XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['glenoid deterioration']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture-fragmentation of the acromion']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative fracture']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['acromion stress fracture']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['acromion stress fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the @entity313 complex, paracentric chromosomal inversions are non-randomly distributed along the complement: 18/31 (58%) of common polymorphic inversions are on chromosome arm 2R, which represents only approximately 30% of the complement. Moreover, in An. gambiae sensu stricto, 6/7 common polymorphic inversions occur on 2R. Most of these inversions are considered markers of ecological adaptation that increase the fitness of the carriers of alternative karyotypes in contrasting habitats. However, little is known about the evolutionary forces responsible for their origin and subsequent establishment in field populations. RESULTS: Here, we present data on 82 previously undescribed @entity395 ( @entity395 ) recorded during extensive field sampling in 16 African countries over a 30 year period, which may shed light on the dynamics of chromosomal plasticity in An. gambiae. We analyzed breakpoint distribution, length, and geographic distribution of @entity395 , and compared these measures to those of the common inversions. We found that @entity395 , like common inversions, are disproportionately clustered on 2R, which may indicate that this arm is especially prone to breakages. However, contrasting patterns were observed between the geographic distribution of common inversions and @entity395 . @entity395 were equally frequent across biomes and on both sides of the Great Rift Valley ( @entity12268 ), whereas common inversions predominated in arid ecological settings and west of the @entity12268 . Moreover, the distribution of RCI lengths followed a random pattern while common inversions were significantly less frequent at shorter lengths. CONCLUSION: Because 17/82 (21%) @entity395 were found repeatedly at very low frequencies - at the same sampling location in different years and/or in different sampling locations - we suggest that @entity395 are subject mainly to drift under unperturbed ecological conditions. Nevertheless, @entity395 may represent an important reservoir of genetic variation for An. gambiae in response to environmental changes, further testifying to the considerable evolutionary potential hidden within this pan-African @entity311 vector.

title: Chromosomal plasticity and evolutionary potential in the @entity311 vector XXXX : insights from three decades of rare paracentric inversions.

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['RCIs', 'rare chromosomal inversions']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity313 :: (7165,Species) :: ['Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the @entity313 complex, paracentric chromosomal inversions are non-randomly distributed along the complement: 18/31 (58%) of common polymorphic inversions are on chromosome arm 2R, which represents only approximately 30% of the complement. Moreover, in An. gambiae sensu stricto, 6/7 common polymorphic inversions occur on 2R. Most of these inversions are considered markers of ecological adaptation that increase the fitness of the carriers of alternative karyotypes in contrasting habitats. However, little is known about the evolutionary forces responsible for their origin and subsequent establishment in field populations. RESULTS: Here, we present data on 82 previously undescribed @entity395 ( @entity395 ) recorded during extensive field sampling in 16 African countries over a 30 year period, which may shed light on the dynamics of chromosomal plasticity in An. gambiae. We analyzed breakpoint distribution, length, and geographic distribution of @entity395 , and compared these measures to those of the common inversions. We found that @entity395 , like common inversions, are disproportionately clustered on 2R, which may indicate that this arm is especially prone to breakages. However, contrasting patterns were observed between the geographic distribution of common inversions and @entity395 . @entity395 were equally frequent across biomes and on both sides of the Great Rift Valley ( @entity12268 ), whereas common inversions predominated in arid ecological settings and west of the @entity12268 . Moreover, the distribution of RCI lengths followed a random pattern while common inversions were significantly less frequent at shorter lengths. CONCLUSION: Because 17/82 (21%) @entity395 were found repeatedly at very low frequencies - at the same sampling location in different years and/or in different sampling locations - we suggest that @entity395 are subject mainly to drift under unperturbed ecological conditions. Nevertheless, @entity395 may represent an important reservoir of genetic variation for An. gambiae in response to environmental changes, further testifying to the considerable evolutionary potential hidden within this pan-African @entity311 vector.

title: Chromosomal plasticity and evolutionary potential in the XXXX vector @entity313 : insights from three decades of rare paracentric inversions.

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Atypical antipsychotics have been related with hyperglycaemia, @entity6 , @entity1017 and lipid alterations in some @entity1 . This study analyzed whether continuous treatment with @entity1090 , @entity1037 , or @entity1088 entails a risk of @entity413 or lipid metabolism alterations in @entity161 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHOD: @entity1 included in this study were @entity161 who had received mono-therapeutic with @entity1088 , @entity1037 or @entity1090 for a period of 1 to 3 years. Those @entity161 @entity1 who were diagnosed as @entity6 during psychiatric treatment and those who showed fasting glycemia greater than or equal to 126 mg/dl in two consecutive measurements were considered cases. The remaining @entity161 @entity1 who were receiving treatment and did not show these alterations were considered controls. RESULTS: In the adjusted analysis (multivariate logistic regression) of the effect of antipsychotic treatment on the presence of @entity6 , which also assessed age and body-mass index, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for @entity1037 relative to @entity1090 was 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-4.22), (p = 0.0228); and that for @entity1088 relative to @entity1090 was 2.87 (95% CI, 1.19, 6.93), (p = 0.0192). Both results reveal a significantly greater risk for the appearance of @entity6 in @entity1 treated with @entity1037 or @entity1088 than in those treated with @entity1090 . There were significant differences in the risk of increase in @entity1674 in @entity1 receiving @entity1037 (OR = 1.34; p = 0.0075) and @entity1088 (OR = 1.58; p = 0.0028). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of the appearance of @entity6 in @entity1 treated with @entity1037 is twice as high as that in @entity1 treated with @entity1090 , and the risk in @entity1 treated with @entity1088 is nearly triple as high as that found in @entity1 treated with @entity1090 . @entity1090 appears to be a safer antipsychotic drug in the long term, with regard to the risk of alterations in @entity413 and lipid metabolism.

title: [Therapy with antipsychotic drugs as a risk factor for @entity6 in XXXX : a case-control study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenics']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Atypical antipsychotics have been related with hyperglycaemia, @entity6 , @entity1017 and lipid alterations in some @entity1 . This study analyzed whether continuous treatment with @entity1090 , @entity1037 , or @entity1088 entails a risk of @entity413 or lipid metabolism alterations in @entity161 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHOD: @entity1 included in this study were @entity161 who had received mono-therapeutic with @entity1088 , @entity1037 or @entity1090 for a period of 1 to 3 years. Those @entity161 @entity1 who were diagnosed as @entity6 during psychiatric treatment and those who showed fasting glycemia greater than or equal to 126 mg/dl in two consecutive measurements were considered cases. The remaining @entity161 @entity1 who were receiving treatment and did not show these alterations were considered controls. RESULTS: In the adjusted analysis (multivariate logistic regression) of the effect of antipsychotic treatment on the presence of @entity6 , which also assessed age and body-mass index, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for @entity1037 relative to @entity1090 was 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-4.22), (p = 0.0228); and that for @entity1088 relative to @entity1090 was 2.87 (95% CI, 1.19, 6.93), (p = 0.0192). Both results reveal a significantly greater risk for the appearance of @entity6 in @entity1 treated with @entity1037 or @entity1088 than in those treated with @entity1090 . There were significant differences in the risk of increase in @entity1674 in @entity1 receiving @entity1037 (OR = 1.34; p = 0.0075) and @entity1088 (OR = 1.58; p = 0.0028). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of the appearance of @entity6 in @entity1 treated with @entity1037 is twice as high as that in @entity1 treated with @entity1090 , and the risk in @entity1 treated with @entity1088 is nearly triple as high as that found in @entity1 treated with @entity1090 . @entity1090 appears to be a safer antipsychotic drug in the long term, with regard to the risk of alterations in @entity413 and lipid metabolism.

title: [Therapy with antipsychotic drugs as a risk factor for XXXX in @entity161 : a case-control study].

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Recent studies suggest strong therapeutic potentials of @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) for @entity1582 (MM), which may be due to @entity9188 -induced demethylation of @entity5 suppressor genes. This study was to explore the correlation of cell cycle alteration to @entity4635 gene demethylation after @entity9188 induction in MM cell lines in vitro. METHODS: MM cell lines @entity1 and RPMI8226 were used. Cell proliferation and cell cycle of MM cells after the treatment of @entity9188 were assessed by @entity98 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Methylation status was detected by methylation specific PCR (MSP-PCR), and gene expression of @entity4635 was measured by real-time PCR in MM cells before and after @entity9188 treatment. RESULTS: @entity9188 significantly inhibited the growth of @entity1 and RPMI8226 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cell cycle of U266 and RPMI8226 were arrested at G0/G1 phase. Compared with the wild type, the percentage of cells was increased at G0-G1 phase, but decreased at S phase after the treatment of @entity9188 for 72 h (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of @entity4635 gene was significantly increased with hemi-methylation ( @entity9188 , 0.5 micromol/L,72 h) or complete demethylation ( @entity9188 , 1.0 micromol/L or @entity9188 , 2.0 micromol/L,72 h) of the @entity4635 gene in comparison with the wide type (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity9188 could induce cell cycle alteration of MM, which might be related to demethylation and reexpression of @entity4635 gene in MM cell lines. The study might provide a new approach to elucidate the mechanism of the antitumor effect of @entity9188 in MM.

title: [Correlation of cell cycle alteration to @entity4635 gene demethylation induced by XXXX in @entity1582 cell lines].

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['arsenic trioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Recent studies suggest strong therapeutic potentials of @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) for @entity1582 (MM), which may be due to @entity9188 -induced demethylation of @entity5 suppressor genes. This study was to explore the correlation of cell cycle alteration to @entity4635 gene demethylation after @entity9188 induction in MM cell lines in vitro. METHODS: MM cell lines @entity1 and RPMI8226 were used. Cell proliferation and cell cycle of MM cells after the treatment of @entity9188 were assessed by @entity98 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Methylation status was detected by methylation specific PCR (MSP-PCR), and gene expression of @entity4635 was measured by real-time PCR in MM cells before and after @entity9188 treatment. RESULTS: @entity9188 significantly inhibited the growth of @entity1 and RPMI8226 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cell cycle of U266 and RPMI8226 were arrested at G0/G1 phase. Compared with the wild type, the percentage of cells was increased at G0-G1 phase, but decreased at S phase after the treatment of @entity9188 for 72 h (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of @entity4635 gene was significantly increased with hemi-methylation ( @entity9188 , 0.5 micromol/L,72 h) or complete demethylation ( @entity9188 , 1.0 micromol/L or @entity9188 , 2.0 micromol/L,72 h) of the @entity4635 gene in comparison with the wide type (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity9188 could induce cell cycle alteration of MM, which might be related to demethylation and reexpression of @entity4635 gene in MM cell lines. The study might provide a new approach to elucidate the mechanism of the antitumor effect of @entity9188 in MM.

title: [Correlation of cell cycle alteration to XXXX gene demethylation induced by @entity4447 in @entity1582 cell lines].

answer: @entity4635 :: (8651,Gene) :: ['SOCS-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Recent studies suggest strong therapeutic potentials of @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) for @entity1582 (MM), which may be due to @entity9188 -induced demethylation of @entity5 suppressor genes. This study was to explore the correlation of cell cycle alteration to @entity4635 gene demethylation after @entity9188 induction in MM cell lines in vitro. METHODS: MM cell lines @entity1 and RPMI8226 were used. Cell proliferation and cell cycle of MM cells after the treatment of @entity9188 were assessed by @entity98 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Methylation status was detected by methylation specific PCR (MSP-PCR), and gene expression of @entity4635 was measured by real-time PCR in MM cells before and after @entity9188 treatment. RESULTS: @entity9188 significantly inhibited the growth of @entity1 and RPMI8226 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cell cycle of U266 and RPMI8226 were arrested at G0/G1 phase. Compared with the wild type, the percentage of cells was increased at G0-G1 phase, but decreased at S phase after the treatment of @entity9188 for 72 h (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of @entity4635 gene was significantly increased with hemi-methylation ( @entity9188 , 0.5 micromol/L,72 h) or complete demethylation ( @entity9188 , 1.0 micromol/L or @entity9188 , 2.0 micromol/L,72 h) of the @entity4635 gene in comparison with the wide type (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity9188 could induce cell cycle alteration of MM, which might be related to demethylation and reexpression of @entity4635 gene in MM cell lines. The study might provide a new approach to elucidate the mechanism of the antitumor effect of @entity9188 in MM.

title: [Correlation of cell cycle alteration to @entity4635 gene demethylation induced by @entity4447 in XXXX cell lines].

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Psychotic symptoms (PS) in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) usually develop as a side effect of the dopaminergic therapy and consist of @entity1833 and delusions. We observed that @entity191 @entity1 who developed delusions tend to be younger than those with @entity1833 and we aimed to investigate the validity of this observation. METHODS: The medical records of 127 @entity191 @entity1 with PS were reviewed and 76 @entity1 who were on treatment with @entity935 agonists with or without levodopa at the time of developing PS were included. @entity1 were stratified into 3 groups according to the subtypes of PS: @entity1 with solely @entity1833 (n = 46), solely delusions (n = 18), and both types (n = 12). The groups were compared with respect to the age-at-onset of @entity191 and PS, duration of @entity191 , Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and motor subscale scores of Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS), and levodopa equivalent dose of the dopaminergic agents administered at the time of PS onset. RESULTS: The mean age-at onset of @entity191 and PS was significantly younger (p = 0.0001) in @entity1 with delusions (49 and 55.9 years) than those with @entity1833 (61.9 and 68.9 years). The same parameters were also significantly different (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively) between the groups of @entity1 with concurrent delusions and @entity1833 (51.7 and 57.2 years) and those with only @entity1833 . ADL and motor subscale scores were higher in @entity1 with @entity1833 (p = 0.016 and p = 0.013) compared with those noted in @entity1 with delusions despite similar disease duration. The mean levodopa equivalent doses of the dopaminergic agents administered at the time of onset of PS did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: This study supported an association of delusions with younger onset of both @entity191 and @entity716 as compared with @entity1833 . However, additional factors related to this association remain to be elucidated.

title: Relationship between age and subtypes of XXXX in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic symptoms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Psychotic symptoms (PS) in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) usually develop as a side effect of the dopaminergic therapy and consist of @entity1833 and delusions. We observed that @entity191 @entity1 who developed delusions tend to be younger than those with @entity1833 and we aimed to investigate the validity of this observation. METHODS: The medical records of 127 @entity191 @entity1 with PS were reviewed and 76 @entity1 who were on treatment with @entity935 agonists with or without levodopa at the time of developing PS were included. @entity1 were stratified into 3 groups according to the subtypes of PS: @entity1 with solely @entity1833 (n = 46), solely delusions (n = 18), and both types (n = 12). The groups were compared with respect to the age-at-onset of @entity191 and PS, duration of @entity191 , Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and motor subscale scores of Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS), and levodopa equivalent dose of the dopaminergic agents administered at the time of PS onset. RESULTS: The mean age-at onset of @entity191 and PS was significantly younger (p = 0.0001) in @entity1 with delusions (49 and 55.9 years) than those with @entity1833 (61.9 and 68.9 years). The same parameters were also significantly different (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively) between the groups of @entity1 with concurrent delusions and @entity1833 (51.7 and 57.2 years) and those with only @entity1833 . ADL and motor subscale scores were higher in @entity1 with @entity1833 (p = 0.016 and p = 0.013) compared with those noted in @entity1 with delusions despite similar disease duration. The mean levodopa equivalent doses of the dopaminergic agents administered at the time of onset of PS did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: This study supported an association of delusions with younger onset of both @entity191 and @entity716 as compared with @entity1833 . However, additional factors related to this association remain to be elucidated.

title: Relationship between age and subtypes of @entity716 in XXXX .

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity8453 are a very heterogeneous group of @entity14451 . They include @entity2395 , hemoglobin variants and @entity2241 . @entity8674 is the most common @entity74 in India. Molecular characterization of this disease has revealed an extremely heterogeneous picture. METHODS: 1592 blood samples from suspected cases were studied using high performance liquid chromatography, amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction and reverse dot blot techniques. RESULTS: Out of 1592 cases, we found 119 cases of @entity8674 major, and 347 cases of @entity8674 trait. In addition to this, cases with structural variants like @entity3458 , sickle cell trait, @entity2395 (Hb DD), @entity2395 (Hb EE), double heterozygotes and the @entity2241 were also found. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of different @entity8674 mutations in the population under study. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular analysis revealed that @entity35386 and 619 bp deletion are the most common mutations in the population under study. The knowledge about the frequency of predominant mutations in the present population helps in offering prenatal diagnosis to the families having @entity14310 at risk.

title: XXXX in Andhra Pradesh, India: a population study.

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemias', 'E-thalassemia', 'D-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['monogenic disorder']

entities_list: @entity14451 :: ('MESH:D000745', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hemolytic anemias']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia', 'Beta-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Inherited hemoglobin disorders']


abstract: Acute @entity1188 in @entity1779 (AMIMC) are thought to suggest the presence of cardioembolic sources or systemic hypercoagulopathy. However, the mechanism and the simultaneous occurrence of AMIMC are not well known. We reviewed 685 consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 who underwent @entity353 ( @entity353 ) within 48 hours of onset. AMIMC was defined as multiple acute @entity353 lesions distributed in more than one cerebral circulation (i.e., 2 anterior and 1 posterior circulations). Signal intensities on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps corresponding to acute @entity353 lesions were classified as 'low', 'iso-' or 'high' signals. Blood markers obtained within 24 hours after admission were compared between @entity1 with and without AMIMC. Sixty-seven (9.8%) @entity1 had AMIMC. Frequency of cardioembolism in AMIMC @entity1 was only 29.9% (20/67), which was not different from non-AMIMC @entity1 (21.7%, p = 0.16). Large-artery @entity731 (LAA) or small-vessel occlusion (SVO) in multiple circulations or combined LAA and SVO were identified in 34.3% (23/ 67) of AMIMC @entity1 , although pure LAA and pure SVO were less frequent than in non-AMIMC @entity1 . ADC signals were purely 'low' in 38 (56.7%) and 'mixed' (low with iso- or high) in 29 (43.3%). Cardioembolism tended to be associated with 'low' ADC signals (75.0%) compared with other @entity64 mechanisms (48.9%; p = 0.062). @entity1851 was higher in AMIMC than in non- AMIMC @entity1 (p = 0.009). @entity64 mechanisms responsible for AMIMC are heterogeneous. ADC findings suggest that AMIMC commonly occur stepwise and may be useful in determining @entity64 mechanism. Systemic @entity32 may be associated with the pathogenesis of AMIMC.

title: Mechanism of XXXX in @entity1779 on @entity353 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['DWI', 'diffusion-weighted imaging']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infarcts']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cerebral circulations']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['multiple infarcts']


abstract: Acute @entity1188 in @entity1779 (AMIMC) are thought to suggest the presence of cardioembolic sources or systemic hypercoagulopathy. However, the mechanism and the simultaneous occurrence of AMIMC are not well known. We reviewed 685 consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 who underwent @entity353 ( @entity353 ) within 48 hours of onset. AMIMC was defined as multiple acute @entity353 lesions distributed in more than one cerebral circulation (i.e., 2 anterior and 1 posterior circulations). Signal intensities on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps corresponding to acute @entity353 lesions were classified as 'low', 'iso-' or 'high' signals. Blood markers obtained within 24 hours after admission were compared between @entity1 with and without AMIMC. Sixty-seven (9.8%) @entity1 had AMIMC. Frequency of cardioembolism in AMIMC @entity1 was only 29.9% (20/67), which was not different from non-AMIMC @entity1 (21.7%, p = 0.16). Large-artery @entity731 (LAA) or small-vessel occlusion (SVO) in multiple circulations or combined LAA and SVO were identified in 34.3% (23/ 67) of AMIMC @entity1 , although pure LAA and pure SVO were less frequent than in non-AMIMC @entity1 . ADC signals were purely 'low' in 38 (56.7%) and 'mixed' (low with iso- or high) in 29 (43.3%). Cardioembolism tended to be associated with 'low' ADC signals (75.0%) compared with other @entity64 mechanisms (48.9%; p = 0.062). @entity1851 was higher in AMIMC than in non- AMIMC @entity1 (p = 0.009). @entity64 mechanisms responsible for AMIMC are heterogeneous. ADC findings suggest that AMIMC commonly occur stepwise and may be useful in determining @entity64 mechanism. Systemic @entity32 may be associated with the pathogenesis of AMIMC.

title: Mechanism of @entity1188 in XXXX on @entity353 .

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['multiple cerebral circulations']


abstract: Acute @entity1188 in @entity1779 (AMIMC) are thought to suggest the presence of cardioembolic sources or systemic hypercoagulopathy. However, the mechanism and the simultaneous occurrence of AMIMC are not well known. We reviewed 685 consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 who underwent @entity353 ( @entity353 ) within 48 hours of onset. AMIMC was defined as multiple acute @entity353 lesions distributed in more than one cerebral circulation (i.e., 2 anterior and 1 posterior circulations). Signal intensities on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps corresponding to acute @entity353 lesions were classified as 'low', 'iso-' or 'high' signals. Blood markers obtained within 24 hours after admission were compared between @entity1 with and without AMIMC. Sixty-seven (9.8%) @entity1 had AMIMC. Frequency of cardioembolism in AMIMC @entity1 was only 29.9% (20/67), which was not different from non-AMIMC @entity1 (21.7%, p = 0.16). Large-artery @entity731 (LAA) or small-vessel occlusion (SVO) in multiple circulations or combined LAA and SVO were identified in 34.3% (23/ 67) of AMIMC @entity1 , although pure LAA and pure SVO were less frequent than in non-AMIMC @entity1 . ADC signals were purely 'low' in 38 (56.7%) and 'mixed' (low with iso- or high) in 29 (43.3%). Cardioembolism tended to be associated with 'low' ADC signals (75.0%) compared with other @entity64 mechanisms (48.9%; p = 0.062). @entity1851 was higher in AMIMC than in non- AMIMC @entity1 (p = 0.009). @entity64 mechanisms responsible for AMIMC are heterogeneous. ADC findings suggest that AMIMC commonly occur stepwise and may be useful in determining @entity64 mechanism. Systemic @entity32 may be associated with the pathogenesis of AMIMC.

title: Mechanism of @entity1188 in @entity1779 on XXXX .

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['diffusion-weighted imaging']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity201 ( @entity6984 ) has changed in many aspects. A more extensive surgical approach, as proposed by Japanese surgeons, has been applied in our center over the last 5 years; it combines hilar resection with partial hepatectomy for most @entity5 . The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of a 15-year evolution in the surgical treatment of @entity6984 . METHODS: A total of 99 consecutive @entity1 underwent resection for @entity201 in three 5-year time periods: periods 1 (1988-1993; n=45), 2 (1993-1998; n=25), and 3 (1998-2003; n=29). Outcome was evaluated by assessment of completeness of resection, postoperative morbidity and mortality, and survival. RESULTS: The proportion of margin negative resections increased significantly from 13% in period 1 to 59% in period 3 (P<.05). Two-year survival increased significantly from 33%+/-7% and 39%+/-10% in periods 1 and 2 to 60%+/-11% in period 3 (P<.05). Postoperative morbidity and mortality were considerable but did not increase with this changed surgical strategy (68% and 10%, respectively, in period 3). Lymph node @entity3 was, next to period of resection, also associated with survival in univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Mainly in the last 5-year period (1998-2003), when the Japanese surgical approach was followed, more hilar resections were combined with partial liver resections that included segments 1 and 4, thus leading to more R0 resections. This, together with a decrease in lymph node @entity3 , resulted in improved survival without significantly affecting postoperative morbidity or mortality.

title: Improved outcome of resection of XXXX ( @entity6984 ).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity6984 :: ('MESH:D018285', 'Disease') :: ['Klatskin tumors']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity201 ( @entity6984 ) has changed in many aspects. A more extensive surgical approach, as proposed by Japanese surgeons, has been applied in our center over the last 5 years; it combines hilar resection with partial hepatectomy for most @entity5 . The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of a 15-year evolution in the surgical treatment of @entity6984 . METHODS: A total of 99 consecutive @entity1 underwent resection for @entity201 in three 5-year time periods: periods 1 (1988-1993; n=45), 2 (1993-1998; n=25), and 3 (1998-2003; n=29). Outcome was evaluated by assessment of completeness of resection, postoperative morbidity and mortality, and survival. RESULTS: The proportion of margin negative resections increased significantly from 13% in period 1 to 59% in period 3 (P<.05). Two-year survival increased significantly from 33%+/-7% and 39%+/-10% in periods 1 and 2 to 60%+/-11% in period 3 (P<.05). Postoperative morbidity and mortality were considerable but did not increase with this changed surgical strategy (68% and 10%, respectively, in period 3). Lymph node @entity3 was, next to period of resection, also associated with survival in univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Mainly in the last 5-year period (1998-2003), when the Japanese surgical approach was followed, more hilar resections were combined with partial liver resections that included segments 1 and 4, thus leading to more R0 resections. This, together with a decrease in lymph node @entity3 , resulted in improved survival without significantly affecting postoperative morbidity or mortality.

title: Improved outcome of resection of @entity201 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity6984 :: (MESH:D018285,Disease) :: ['Klatskin tumor']


abstract: The effects of continuous lumbar epidural anesthesia and two types of general anesthesia on @entity190 and hemodynamics during and after total hip replacement were compared in three groups of @entity1 . Fourteen @entity1 received local anesthetics via continuous lumbar epidural administration; 10 @entity1 received inhalational anesthetics and breathed spontaneously after endotracheal intubation; and 14 received artificial ventilation after intubation and intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injections of @entity6305 and @entity3575 . The results documented that both intraoperative and postoperative blood losses were significantly reduced in @entity1 subjected to total hip replacement under lumbar epidural anesthesia as compared with the @entity1 receiving the two general anesthetic techniques. Hemodynamic differences explained the differences in @entity190 . The epidural anesthesia induced @entity551 on the arterial and venous sides as compared with the two general anesthetic techniques. Inhalational anesthesia also induced @entity551 on the arterial and venous sides intraoperatively as compared with general anesthesia with artificial ventilation. Postoperatively, the hemodynamics of the general anesthesia groups were similar, and no differences in @entity190 occurred. Continuous' epidural anesthesia can be viewed as a tool to achieve @entity551 anesthesia--notably on the venous side--for the purpose of minimizing @entity190 . The reduction in @entity190 associated with lumbar epidural anesthesia is beneficial in decreasing the hazard and cost of blood transfusion.

title: Beneficial effects on intraoperative and postoperative XXXX in total hip replacement when performed under lumbar epidural anesthesia. An explanatory study.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 present to the National University Hospital of Singapore and select one of several health screening packages after counselling. The prevalence of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in this population when different glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations are used has not been examined. METHODS: Demographic data and urinalyses of @entity1 from 2000 to 2005 were extracted from laboratory computer databases and analysed. @entity740 was classified into stages according to the US National Kidney Foundation guidelines by @entity470 (mL/min per 1.73 m(2)) using the four-variable Modification of Diet in @entity8 equation. GFR of ethnic Chinese was also estimated using Ma's equation 8 (cGFR). Stage 1 and normal ( @entity470 or cGFR > 90) was discriminated by urinary microscopy or dipstick for @entity644 , @entity633 , @entity811 or leukocyturia. RESULTS: There were 3979 screenings (55.9% males, 61.9% Chinese). Means: age = 47.0 +/- 12.3 years, @entity1011 = 80.1 +/- 26.5 micromol/L, @entity470 = 89.6 +/- 19.7, cGFR = 110.8 +/- 23.8 and ( @entity470 + cGFR) = 102.5 +/- 24.9. By @entity470 in all @entity1 , the prevalence of @entity740 was 45.7%, 50.6%, 3.3%, 0.3% and 0.08% for stages normal @entity72398 , respectively. For Chinese @entity1 only, @entity470 and cGFR resulted in a different distribution ( @entity470 %/cGFR%): 24.9/50.5, 15.2/29.3, 56.8/19.7, 3/0.8, 0.2/0.2, 0/0 for stages 'Normal', 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of moderate to severe @entity740 (stage 3 to 5) in @entity1 presenting for health screening in Singapore was 3.7%. Notably, the prevalence of mild to moderate @entity740 (stages 1, 2 and 3) in Chinese @entity1 was affected significantly by the choice of GFR estimating equation.

title: The choice of estimating equations for glomerular filtration rate significantly affects the prevalence of XXXX in a multi-ethnic population during health screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: Extracellular @entity855 is known to mediate fast, excitatory neurotransmission through activation of ionotropic P2X receptors. In this study, the localization of the P2X(2) receptor (P2X(2)R) subunit was studied in @entity35 retina by using immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry and preembedding immunoelectron microscopy. The P2X(2)R was observed in large ganglion cells as well as in a subset of amacrine cells. Double labeling revealed that 96% of all P2X(2)R-immunoreactive amacrine cells showed @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) immunoreactivity. Subsets of P2X(2)R-immunoreactive amacrine cells expressed @entity842 synthase and substance P; however, no colocalization was observed with @entity1877 acetyltransferase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, or @entity669 hydroxylase. Nearest-neighbor analysis confirmed that P2X(2)Rs were expressed by a heterogeneous population of amacrine cells. The synaptic connectivity of P2X(2)R amacrine cells was also investigated. It was interesting that P2X(2)R-immunoreactive amacrine cell dendrites stratified in the sublaminae of the inner plexiform layer occupied by cone, but not rod bipolar cell axon terminals. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that P2X(2)-immunoreactive amacrine cell processes were associated with cone bipolar cell axon terminals as well as other conventional synapses in the inner plexiform layer. Taken together, these data provide further evidence for the involvement of extracellular @entity855 in neuronal signaling in the retina, particularly within cone pathways.

title: P2X2 receptors on ganglion and amacrine cells in cone pathways of the XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity706 is one of the causative factors of @entity4611 , and @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) is a subtype of primary extranodal @entity5 . A 69-year-old @entity1 visited our hospital because of general fatigue. We diagnosed her with presumable non-functional primary @entity977 . Eight months after, the @entity1 revisited our hospital because of @entity1353 . Though we conducted systemic investigations including chest and abdomen enhanced computer tomography, transbronchial lung biopsy, and bone marrow biopsy, the diagnosis was not confirmed. Inadvertently, a @entity0 was found, and the surgical specimen proved that the @entity1 had double @entity5 and @entity1892 . Rituximab, @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity617 regimen was initiated, and complete remission was achieved. Notably, the sellar mass returned to normal size with improved function. We reviewed 32 @entity1 with primary @entity706 . In affected sites, both sellar and @entity4611 (6.7%), both hypothalamus and @entity4611 (6.7%), only sellar (63.3%), only @entity4611 (6.7%), only hypothalamus (13.3%), and only clivus (3.3%) were observed. In @entity4611 , both anterior and @entity409 (20.7%), only anterior dysfunction (58.6%), only @entity409 (3.4%), and no dysfunction (17.2%) were observed. It seemed that @entity1640 is related to both anterior and @entity409 , while sellar lesion is related to mainly anterior dysfunction. In @entity129 , 2nd @entity129 (45.2%) and 6th @entity129 (35.5%) were frequently observed. It seemed that sellar lesion is related to both 2nd and 6th @entity129 , while @entity1640 is related to mainly 2nd @entity129 .

title: @entity706 : XXXX diagnosed as a double @entity5 and improved with chemotherapy, and literature review of primary @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve dysfunction', 'nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['parasellar lymphoma', 'Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm', 'cancer-adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic lesion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['posterior dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction', 'pituitary stalk']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['IVLBCL', 'intravascular large B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma and subsequent dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['intravascular large B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: @entity706 is one of the causative factors of @entity4611 , and @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) is a subtype of primary extranodal @entity5 . A 69-year-old @entity1 visited our hospital because of general fatigue. We diagnosed her with presumable non-functional primary @entity977 . Eight months after, the @entity1 revisited our hospital because of @entity1353 . Though we conducted systemic investigations including chest and abdomen enhanced computer tomography, transbronchial lung biopsy, and bone marrow biopsy, the diagnosis was not confirmed. Inadvertently, a @entity0 was found, and the surgical specimen proved that the @entity1 had double @entity5 and @entity1892 . Rituximab, @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity617 regimen was initiated, and complete remission was achieved. Notably, the sellar mass returned to normal size with improved function. We reviewed 32 @entity1 with primary @entity706 . In affected sites, both sellar and @entity4611 (6.7%), both hypothalamus and @entity4611 (6.7%), only sellar (63.3%), only @entity4611 (6.7%), only hypothalamus (13.3%), and only clivus (3.3%) were observed. In @entity4611 , both anterior and @entity409 (20.7%), only anterior dysfunction (58.6%), only @entity409 (3.4%), and no dysfunction (17.2%) were observed. It seemed that @entity1640 is related to both anterior and @entity409 , while sellar lesion is related to mainly anterior dysfunction. In @entity129 , 2nd @entity129 (45.2%) and 6th @entity129 (35.5%) were frequently observed. It seemed that sellar lesion is related to both 2nd and 6th @entity129 , while @entity1640 is related to mainly 2nd @entity129 .

title: XXXX : @entity1892 diagnosed as a double @entity5 and improved with chemotherapy, and literature review of primary @entity706 .

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Primary sellar lymphoma']


abstract: @entity706 is one of the causative factors of @entity4611 , and @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) is a subtype of primary extranodal @entity5 . A 69-year-old @entity1 visited our hospital because of general fatigue. We diagnosed her with presumable non-functional primary @entity977 . Eight months after, the @entity1 revisited our hospital because of @entity1353 . Though we conducted systemic investigations including chest and abdomen enhanced computer tomography, transbronchial lung biopsy, and bone marrow biopsy, the diagnosis was not confirmed. Inadvertently, a @entity0 was found, and the surgical specimen proved that the @entity1 had double @entity5 and @entity1892 . Rituximab, @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity617 regimen was initiated, and complete remission was achieved. Notably, the sellar mass returned to normal size with improved function. We reviewed 32 @entity1 with primary @entity706 . In affected sites, both sellar and @entity4611 (6.7%), both hypothalamus and @entity4611 (6.7%), only sellar (63.3%), only @entity4611 (6.7%), only hypothalamus (13.3%), and only clivus (3.3%) were observed. In @entity4611 , both anterior and @entity409 (20.7%), only anterior dysfunction (58.6%), only @entity409 (3.4%), and no dysfunction (17.2%) were observed. It seemed that @entity1640 is related to both anterior and @entity409 , while sellar lesion is related to mainly anterior dysfunction. In @entity129 , 2nd @entity129 (45.2%) and 6th @entity129 (35.5%) were frequently observed. It seemed that sellar lesion is related to both 2nd and 6th @entity129 , while @entity1640 is related to mainly 2nd @entity129 .

title: @entity706 : @entity1892 diagnosed as a double @entity5 and improved with chemotherapy, and literature review of primary XXXX .

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['parasellar lymphoma']


abstract: @entity706 is one of the causative factors of @entity4611 , and @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) is a subtype of primary extranodal @entity5 . A 69-year-old @entity1 visited our hospital because of general fatigue. We diagnosed her with presumable non-functional primary @entity977 . Eight months after, the @entity1 revisited our hospital because of @entity1353 . Though we conducted systemic investigations including chest and abdomen enhanced computer tomography, transbronchial lung biopsy, and bone marrow biopsy, the diagnosis was not confirmed. Inadvertently, a @entity0 was found, and the surgical specimen proved that the @entity1 had double @entity5 and @entity1892 . Rituximab, @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity617 regimen was initiated, and complete remission was achieved. Notably, the sellar mass returned to normal size with improved function. We reviewed 32 @entity1 with primary @entity706 . In affected sites, both sellar and @entity4611 (6.7%), both hypothalamus and @entity4611 (6.7%), only sellar (63.3%), only @entity4611 (6.7%), only hypothalamus (13.3%), and only clivus (3.3%) were observed. In @entity4611 , both anterior and @entity409 (20.7%), only anterior dysfunction (58.6%), only @entity409 (3.4%), and no dysfunction (17.2%) were observed. It seemed that @entity1640 is related to both anterior and @entity409 , while sellar lesion is related to mainly anterior dysfunction. In @entity129 , 2nd @entity129 (45.2%) and 6th @entity129 (35.5%) were frequently observed. It seemed that sellar lesion is related to both 2nd and 6th @entity129 , while @entity1640 is related to mainly 2nd @entity129 .

title: @entity706 : @entity1892 diagnosed as a double XXXX and improved with chemotherapy, and literature review of primary @entity706 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To analyze treatment and survival in 34 @entity1 (28 resected) with primary or recurrent @entity242 ( @entity242 ). METHODS: Between July 1994 and January 2001, 34 @entity1 (15M, 19F; mean age: 56 years, range: 25-77) were evaluated. Complete resection was defined as removal of gross @entity5 with histologically confirmed clear resection margins. RESULTS: Twenty-eight out of 34 @entity1 (82%) (15 were affected by primary @entity242 , and 13 by recurrent @entity242 ), underwent surgical exploration. Twenty-three @entity1 had a grossly and microscopically complete resection, (3 having a grossly incomplete resection and 2 @entity1 with a grossly complete resection having histologically involved resection margins). Twenty-one out of 28 @entity1 (75%) underwent removal of contiguous intra-abdominal organs. Preoperative mortality was nil, and morbidity occurred in six cases only (21%). High @entity5 grade results a significant variable for a worse survival in all 28 @entity1 (100% 5 years survival for low grade vs. 0% for high grade; P = 0.0004). Amongst completely resected @entity1 , only histologic grade and peroperative blood transfusions affected disease-free survival (P = 0.04 and P = 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: An aggressive surgical approach in both primary and recurrent @entity242 is associated with long-term survival.

title: Primary and recurrent XXXX : prognostic factors affecting survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal sarcoma', 'RPS']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuroprotective effects and dose-response relation by combining JAK-STAT signal pathway inhibitor ( @entity22943 ) with free radical scavenger @entity14455 ( @entity14455 ) in @entity35 subjected to focal @entity2806 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS: In all @entity35 , the @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) was produced by occlusion of right internal carotid artery with a nylon monofilament. One hundred male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were divided into ten groups according to random digits table, 10 @entity35 were in each group. The first experiment involved I/R model control, @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) control, normal saline (NS) control, @entity22943 , @entity14455 and combination of @entity22943 and @entity14455 (A+D) groups. The second experiment involved model group and three experimental groups in which various doses of @entity14455 and @entity22943 were administered. The @entity16 ( @entity16 ) were assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours after reperfusion respectively in both experiments, and all the animals were then decapitated to determine the brain @entity1188 volume after 72 hours. RESULTS: The values of @entity16 in A+D group, @entity22943 group and @entity14455 group were higher than those in model group at 24, 48 and 72 hours after I/R, and their brain @entity1188 volumes were obviously smaller than model group as well (all P<0.05). The brain @entity1188 volume in A+D group was obviously smaller compared with @entity22943 and @entity14455 alone (all P<0.05). The values of @entity16 were higher and the brain @entity1188 volumes were smaller in both high dose and medium dose combination groups than those in low dose combination and model groups respectively (all P<0.05). In addition, brain @entity1188 volumes in high dose group were smaller than medium dose group (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between low dose and model groups. CONCLUSION: The combined application of @entity22943 and @entity14455 produces a dose-dependent synergistic neuroprotective effect.

title: [Neuroprotective effects of combined application of JAK-STAT signal pathway inhibitor and free radical scavenger on focal XXXX /reperfusion injury in @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['NBS', 'neurological behavior scores']

entities_list: @entity14455 :: ('MESH:C038983', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylthiourea', 'DMTU']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuroprotective effects and dose-response relation by combining JAK-STAT signal pathway inhibitor ( @entity22943 ) with free radical scavenger @entity14455 ( @entity14455 ) in @entity35 subjected to focal @entity2806 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS: In all @entity35 , the @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) was produced by occlusion of right internal carotid artery with a nylon monofilament. One hundred male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were divided into ten groups according to random digits table, 10 @entity35 were in each group. The first experiment involved I/R model control, @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) control, normal saline (NS) control, @entity22943 , @entity14455 and combination of @entity22943 and @entity14455 (A+D) groups. The second experiment involved model group and three experimental groups in which various doses of @entity14455 and @entity22943 were administered. The @entity16 ( @entity16 ) were assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours after reperfusion respectively in both experiments, and all the animals were then decapitated to determine the brain @entity1188 volume after 72 hours. RESULTS: The values of @entity16 in A+D group, @entity22943 group and @entity14455 group were higher than those in model group at 24, 48 and 72 hours after I/R, and their brain @entity1188 volumes were obviously smaller than model group as well (all P<0.05). The brain @entity1188 volume in A+D group was obviously smaller compared with @entity22943 and @entity14455 alone (all P<0.05). The values of @entity16 were higher and the brain @entity1188 volumes were smaller in both high dose and medium dose combination groups than those in low dose combination and model groups respectively (all P<0.05). In addition, brain @entity1188 volumes in high dose group were smaller than medium dose group (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between low dose and model groups. CONCLUSION: The combined application of @entity22943 and @entity14455 produces a dose-dependent synergistic neuroprotective effect.

title: [Neuroprotective effects of combined application of JAK-STAT signal pathway inhibitor and free radical scavenger on focal @entity2806 /reperfusion injury in XXXX ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of and mortality due to @entity583 and @entity301 in the elderly population of Madrid, Spain. METHODS: The study involved a population-based cohort of 1297 individuals aged over 64 years without @entity65 who were recruited in 1995. All cases of fatal and non-fatal @entity583 recorded up until December 2004 were investigated and classified using WHO-MONICA (World Health Organization-Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in @entity65 ) criteria. RESULTS: @entity1 had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of @entity63 events (P< .001) and @entity944 (P< .001), and a non-significantly higher risk of @entity583 (6.30%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.33%-8.76%) than @entity1 (4.90%; 95% CI, 3.54%-6.70%; P=.181). While the risk of @entity583 increased with age (P< .05), gender differences tended to narrow. The incidence was higher in @entity1 (889/100 000 @entity1 -years) than @entity1 (610/100,000 @entity1 -years; P< .001) and increased with age (P< .01). This increase was progressive in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . The mortality rate was also higher in @entity1 (472/100,000 @entity1 -years; 95% CI, 248-697) than @entity1 (328/100,000 @entity1 -years; 95% CI, 188-469; P< .001), and was six times higher in the 385-year-old age group than in those aged 65-74 years (P< .001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of fatal and non-fatal @entity583 was very high in the elderly population of Madrid. Both incidence and mortality rates increased dramatically with age after 64 years. Rates were higher in @entity1 than @entity1 at all ages, though gender differences decreased with age.

title: [Ten-year incidence of fatal and non-fatal XXXX in the elderly population of Madrid].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Men', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'CArdiovascular disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']