abstract: This study was conducted to assess the protective effects of antegrade infusion of cardioplegic solution with simultaneously controlled coronary sinus occlusion on regionally ischemic myocardium after acute @entity1563 and reperfusion. Twelve @entity742 were subjected to 1 hour of occlusion of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery. @entity742 in group I (n = 6) were subjected only to infusion of @entity972 crystalloid cardioplegic solution into the aortic root, whereas in group II (n = 6) a stitch was snared around the proximal coronary sinus for its subsequent occlusion during antegrade infusions of cardioplegic solution. All animals were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. Five hundred milliliters of cardioplegic solution at 4 degrees to 8 degrees C was administered in three divided doses during the total cross-clamp period of 30 minutes. The occlusion of the left anterior descending artery was then released, and the animals were weaned from bypass and studied for an additional 4 hours. Coronary sinus pressure, myocardial temperature, regional function assessed by pairs of ultrasonic crystals, global function assessed by rate of rise of @entity998 , and the area at risk and area of @entity39 were determined. The heart was excised at the end of the experiment and stained. Animals treated by the technique of antegrade infusion combined with coronary sinus occlusion had more homogeneous myocardial cooling during cardioplegic infusions and better recovery of the first derivative of left ventricular pressure and regional segment shortening at 90 and 270 minutes of reperfusion than those treated with antegrade infusion alone (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). The group treated by antegrade infusion of cardioplegic solution combined with coronary sinus occlusion had an area of @entity39 /area at risk ratio of 40.5% +/- 1.2%; the antegrade infusion group, 58.3% +/- 4.1% (p less than 0.01). These data suggest that antegrade infusion combined with coronary sinus occlusion may be an improved method of global and regional myocardial protection in the presence of an occluded coronary artery.

title: Effects of antegrade cardioplegic infusion with simultaneously controlled coronary sinus occlusion on preservation of regionally ischemic myocardium after acute XXXX and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular pressure and cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary artery occlusion']


abstract: Specific autoantibodies to vasoactive intestinal peptide were present in plasma from 29.6% healthy @entity1 subjects who habitually performed muscular exercise, compared to 2.3% healthy subjects who did not. Saturation analysis of @entity3549 binding by the plasmas suggested the presence of 1 and 2 classes of autoantibodies in 5 and 3 high exercise subjects, respectively, distinguished by their equilibrium affinity constants (Ka). The mean Ka values for the high and low affinity autoantibody classes were, respectively, 1.3 x 10(8) M-1 and 0.8 x 10(7) M-1. These values are lower than the Ka range reported previously for tissue @entity3549 receptors (G. Rosselin. Peptides 7, Suppl. 1, 89, 1986) but are larger than the inverse Michaelis constant (1/Km) for @entity3549 -degrading proteases (T.N. Keltz, E. Straus, R.S. Yalow. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 92, 669, 1980). The autoantibodies may not interfere with @entity3549 -receptor binding but are potential inhibitors of the proteolytic inactivation of @entity3549 .

title: XXXX autoantibody to vasoactive intestinal peptide: increased incidence in muscular exercise.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: After sphincter-sparing core fistulectomy for @entity9292 most surgeons advance a rectal mucosal flap to reinforce closure of the internal opening. Our own method having for many years been simple appositional closure the resulting series presented an opportunity for comparison. @entity1 AND METHODS: From November 1987 to January 2001, 44 @entity1 underwent 46 core fistulectomies with flap-less direct appositional closure in our unit. Records were kept prospectively. Twenty-six fistulae (in 28 @entity1 ) appeared healed at two to five months follow-up and the @entity1 had been discharged. A full review was mounted in May 2001, when 16 of the healed @entity1 could be contacted and questionnaires completed. Two @entity1 were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The procedure failed in 16 @entity1 initially and was found to have done so in two more at long-term follow-up (41% overall). Three @entity1 had died and five could not be traced. CONCLUSION: Simple appositional closure after core fistulectomy for @entity9292 seems inferior to methods using flap reinforcement.

title: Direct appositional (no flap) closure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['deep anal fistula']

answer: @entity9292 :: (MESH:D012003,Disease) :: ['deep anal fistula']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to contribute to the evaluation of long-term external beam radiation treatment in @entity1 with subfoveal occult choroidal neovessels complicated with pigment epithelium detachment in age-related @entity1020 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of ten @entity1 with a mean age of 75 years and a mean follow-up of 18.7 months. External beam radiation of 14.4 Gy was administered with a daily dose of 1.8 Gy. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed based on visual acuity, the size of the membrane and the persistence or not of neovascular activity. RESULTS: We observed stabilization of visual acuity in 44% of the cases at 6 months but only in 20% at 19 and 30 months. The mean initial visual acuity was measured at 0.2 at presentation and 0.1 at the final evaluation. At the end of the study, 60% of @entity1 attained the level of @entity1939 ; 90% of @entity1 developed a @entity2318 , with persistence of neovascular activity in 27% of the cases. On @entity941 angiography, the size of pigment epithelium detachment increased more than one optic disc diameter in 20% of the cases at 1 year. On the other hand, no radiation complication was observed. DISCUSSION: The visual and anatomical results of our study are similar to the natural progression of occult neovascular membrane. External beam radiation at a dose of 14.4 Gy did not seem to provide a long-term benefit in the treatment of subfoveal occult neovessels associated with pigment epithelium detachment.

title: [External beam radiation in treatment of subfoveal vascularized pigment epithelium detachment in age-related XXXX . Long-term results of a pilot study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['disciform scar']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legal blindness']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A proinflammatory state is recognized in @entity712 and the degree of immune activation corresponds to disease severity and prognosis. Training is known to improve symptoms in @entity712 but less is known about the effects of specific forms of training on the proinflammatory state. METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with stable @entity712 underwent a home-based program of exercise training for 30 minutes a day, 5 days per week over a 6-week period. Twenty-four used a bicycle ergometer and 22 used an electrical muscle stimulator applied to quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles. Tumour @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), @entity310 soluble receptors 1 and 2, @entity650 , and @entity1851 were measured before and after the training period. RESULTS: Significant improvements in markers of exercise performance were seen in both training groups. Soluble @entity310 receptor 2 levels decreased after training in the bike group only (2900 +/- 1069 pg/mL to 2625 +/- 821 pg/mL, P =.013). Trends towards a decrease in levels of @entity310 and soluble receptor 1 were also seen in the bike group only. No change in circulating inflammatory markers was observed after stimulator training. CONCLUSIONS: Physical training improves exercise capacity for @entity1 with @entity712 but degree of attenuation of the proinflammatory response may depend on the mode of training despite similar improvements in exercise capacity.

title: Change in circulating cytokines after 2 forms of exercise training in chronic stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity348 ( @entity348 ) offers the lowest reported rates of local recurrence and the best survival results in @entity1 with @entity5 . However, the laparoscopic approach to resection for @entity14 remains controversial due to fears that oncologic principles will be compromised. We assessed the feasibility, safety and long-term outcome of @entity5 resections following the principles of @entity348 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the perioperative outcome and long-term results of laparoscopic @entity348 . METHODS: We reviewed the prospective database of 102 consecutive unselected @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic @entity348 for @entity5 between November 1991 and December 2000. Follow-up was done through office charts or direct @entity1 contact. Recurrence and survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Laparoscopic @entity348 was completed successfully in 99 @entity1 , whereas conversion to an open approach was required in three cases (3%). The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 27% and 2%, respectively, with an overall anastomotic leak rate of 17%. Of the 102 @entity1 , four were excluded from the oncologic evaluation because final pathology was not confirmatory (two had anal @entity957 and two had @entity5493 with @entity1141 ). In 90 of the 98 remaining @entity1 (91.8%), the resection was considered curative. The remainder had a palliative resection due to synchronous metastatic disease or locally advanced disease. Mean follow-up was 36 months (range, 6-96). There were no trocar site recurrences. The local recurrence rate was 6%, and the @entity5 -specific survival of all curatively resected @entity1 was 75% at 5 years. The overall survival rate of all curatively resected @entity1 was 65% at 5 years; mean survival time was 6.23 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.39-7.07). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic @entity348 is feasible and safe. The laparoscopic approach to the surgical treatment of operable @entity5 does not seem to entail any oncologic disadvantages.

title: Laparoscopic XXXX ( @entity348 ) for @entity5 surgery: long-term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'laparoscopic rectal cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['canal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'Total mesorectal excision']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total mesorectal excision']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity348 ( @entity348 ) offers the lowest reported rates of local recurrence and the best survival results in @entity1 with @entity5 . However, the laparoscopic approach to resection for @entity14 remains controversial due to fears that oncologic principles will be compromised. We assessed the feasibility, safety and long-term outcome of @entity5 resections following the principles of @entity348 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the perioperative outcome and long-term results of laparoscopic @entity348 . METHODS: We reviewed the prospective database of 102 consecutive unselected @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic @entity348 for @entity5 between November 1991 and December 2000. Follow-up was done through office charts or direct @entity1 contact. Recurrence and survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Laparoscopic @entity348 was completed successfully in 99 @entity1 , whereas conversion to an open approach was required in three cases (3%). The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 27% and 2%, respectively, with an overall anastomotic leak rate of 17%. Of the 102 @entity1 , four were excluded from the oncologic evaluation because final pathology was not confirmatory (two had anal @entity957 and two had @entity5493 with @entity1141 ). In 90 of the 98 remaining @entity1 (91.8%), the resection was considered curative. The remainder had a palliative resection due to synchronous metastatic disease or locally advanced disease. Mean follow-up was 36 months (range, 6-96). There were no trocar site recurrences. The local recurrence rate was 6%, and the @entity5 -specific survival of all curatively resected @entity1 was 75% at 5 years. The overall survival rate of all curatively resected @entity1 was 65% at 5 years; mean survival time was 6.23 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.39-7.07). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic @entity348 is feasible and safe. The laparoscopic approach to the surgical treatment of operable @entity5 does not seem to entail any oncologic disadvantages.

title: Laparoscopic @entity348 ( XXXX ) for @entity5 surgery: long-term outcomes.

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['TME']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity348 ( @entity348 ) offers the lowest reported rates of local recurrence and the best survival results in @entity1 with @entity5 . However, the laparoscopic approach to resection for @entity14 remains controversial due to fears that oncologic principles will be compromised. We assessed the feasibility, safety and long-term outcome of @entity5 resections following the principles of @entity348 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the perioperative outcome and long-term results of laparoscopic @entity348 . METHODS: We reviewed the prospective database of 102 consecutive unselected @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic @entity348 for @entity5 between November 1991 and December 2000. Follow-up was done through office charts or direct @entity1 contact. Recurrence and survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Laparoscopic @entity348 was completed successfully in 99 @entity1 , whereas conversion to an open approach was required in three cases (3%). The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 27% and 2%, respectively, with an overall anastomotic leak rate of 17%. Of the 102 @entity1 , four were excluded from the oncologic evaluation because final pathology was not confirmatory (two had anal @entity957 and two had @entity5493 with @entity1141 ). In 90 of the 98 remaining @entity1 (91.8%), the resection was considered curative. The remainder had a palliative resection due to synchronous metastatic disease or locally advanced disease. Mean follow-up was 36 months (range, 6-96). There were no trocar site recurrences. The local recurrence rate was 6%, and the @entity5 -specific survival of all curatively resected @entity1 was 75% at 5 years. The overall survival rate of all curatively resected @entity1 was 65% at 5 years; mean survival time was 6.23 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.39-7.07). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic @entity348 is feasible and safe. The laparoscopic approach to the surgical treatment of operable @entity5 does not seem to entail any oncologic disadvantages.

title: Laparoscopic @entity348 ( @entity348 ) for XXXX surgery: long-term outcomes.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Acute peripheral @entity432 is associated with great risk to the @entity1 's limb and life. Failure to restore adequate arterial flow in a timely fashion can result in the development of irreversible tissue @entity1188 and the opportunity for limb salvage is lost. On the other hand, @entity1 with @entity63 are often elderly and frail, and early invasive open surgical procedures without adequate preoperative stabilization and preparation result in an unacceptably high risk of perioperative @entity532 and @entity204 . Percutaneous methods designed to remove the intraluminal thrombus offer an alternative to immediate open surgical revascularization. These less invasive techniques constitute an option that is better tolerated in medically compromised @entity1 . The causative lesion can be precisely identified and the patency of outflow vessels can be restored. The lesion can then be addressed on an elective basis in a well-prepared @entity1 , using percutaneous or open surgical techniques to effect a durable long-term solution. The treatment options include primary surgical revascularization, thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, or a combination of any of the three. Clinicians who themselves have the skills to perform a wide assortment of interventions ranging from percutaneous therapies through open surgical revascularization are best able to arrive at the most rational option for treating a specific clinical scenario. This article is directed at providing the practicing surgeon with a basic fund of knowledge on the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies useful in treating @entity1 with peripheral @entity432 . Only in this manner can we expect to reduce the high rate of morbidity and mortality that remains associated with these events.

title: Endovascular techniques in the treatment of XXXX : thrombolytic agents, trials, and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy techniques.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['acute limb ischemia']


abstract: Reported studies show that the systemic form of @entity1222 ( @entity1222 ) is a clonal expansion of Langerhans cells (LC) associated with aberrant expression of several oncogenes or @entity5 -suppressor genes. @entity1222 of the lung is a heterogenous group of lesions thought to be a reactive rather than @entity5 . The histogenesis of the @entity1222 of the lung is uncertain, and to date there are no studies investigating its underlying molecular abnormalities. We performed comparative genotypic analysis by using allelic loss (LOH) of polymorphic microsatellite markers associated with @entity5 suppressor genes. Fourteen cases of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity1222 of the lung were studied. Microdissection of a total of 26 nodules from 14 @entity1 and paired reference lung tissue was performed under stereomicroscopic visualization. To evaluate allelic loss, we used a panel of 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers that were situated at or near @entity5 suppressor genes on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 3p, 5p, 9p, 17p, and 22q. The PCR products were analyzed by using capillary electrophoresis to identify germline heterozygous alleles and LOH. Allelic loss at 1 or more @entity5 suppressor gene loci was identified in 19 of 24 nodules. The total fractional allelic loss (FAL) ranged from 6% (1q) to 41% (22q), with a mean of 22%. The FAL in individual cases ranged from 0 (7 nodules) to 57% (1 nodule). Fifteen discordant allelic losses at 1 to 3 chromosomal loci were identified in 8 @entity1 with multiple synchronous nodules. Our results show that LOH of @entity5 suppressor genes is present in the @entity1222 of the lung, and they indicate that the putative @entity5 suppressor genes situated on chromosomes 9p and 22q may play a role in the development of a subset of the @entity1222 of the lung.

title: Genotypic analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic process']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis', 'LCH']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1222 :: (MESH:D006646,Disease) :: ['pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) are still frequent side-effects after general anaesthesia. These unpleasant symptoms for the @entity1 can be sufficiently reduced using a multimodal antiemetic approach. However, these efforts should be restricted to risk @entity1 for @entity1209 . Thus, predictive models are required to identify these @entity1 before surgery. So far all risk scores to predict @entity1209 are based on results of logistic regression analysis. @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) can also be used for prediction since they can take into account complex and non-linear relationships between predictive variables and the dependent item. This study presents the development of an @entity1274 to predict @entity1209 and compares its performance with two established simplified risk scores (Apfel's and Koivuranta's scores). METHODS: The development of the @entity1274 was based on data from 1,764 @entity1 undergoing elective surgical procedures under balanced anaesthesia. The @entity1274 was trained with 1,364 datasets and a further 400 were used for supervising the learning process. One of the 49 ANNs showing the best predictive performance was compared with the established risk scores with respect to practicability, discrimination (by means of the area under a receiver operating characteristics curve) and calibration properties (by means of a weighted linear regression between the predicted and the actual incidences of @entity1209 ). RESULTS: The @entity1274 tested showed a statistically significant ( p<0.0001) and clinically relevant higher discriminating power (0.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.70-0.78) than the Apfel score (0.66; 95% CI: 0.61-0.71) or Koivuranta's score (0.69; 95% CI: 0.65-0.74). Furthermore, the agreement between the actual incidences of @entity1209 and those predicted by the @entity1274 was also better and near to an ideal fit, represented by the equation y=1.0x+0. The equations for the calibration curves were: KNN y=1.11x+0, Apfel y=0.71x+1, Koivuranta 0.86x-5. CONCLUSION: The improved predictive accuracy achieved by the @entity1274 is clinically relevant. However, the disadvantages of this system prevail because a computer is required for risk calculation. Thus, we still recommend the use of one of the simplified risk scores for clinical practice.

title: [Prediction of XXXX using an artificial neural network].

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['ANN', 'Artificial neural networks']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'PONV']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']


abstract: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are the most common @entity361 of the gastrointestinal tract. @entity674 express KIT and show gain-of-function KIT mutations. Most of these mutations affect the KIT juxtamembrane domain, but other KIT domains are mutated at a lower frequency. In this study, frequency of GCC TAT insertion mutation ( @entity70939 ) in KIT exon 9 (extracellular domain) and its possible clinicopathologic significance was investigated. Screening of 520 @entity674 identified 26 cases with @entity70939 KIT mutation and confirmed the previously reported low frequency of this type of KIT mutation among @entity674 of different locations. Of the 26 @entity5 with @entity70939 KIT mutation studied, 21 originated from the small intestine, 1 from the colon, and 3 from the rectum. In 1 case, primary small intestinal versus colonic localization could not be clearly established because of @entity1320 . No distinctive morphological features were identified for the cohort of @entity5 defined by @entity70939 KIT mutations. Most of the @entity5 showed predominant spindle cell morphology, and a few cases had epithelioid or pleomorphic histological features. Following previously published criteria based on @entity5 size and mitotic rate, 22 of 26 (85%) @entity5 were classified as malignant or potentially malignant, and 4 (15%) were classified as probably benign. A malignant clinical course was documented in 18 of 19 @entity5 from the malignant category. The survival times of 11 @entity1 who died of disseminated @entity674 ranged from 1 month to 105 months (median survival time, 26 months). In contrast, 2 of 4 @entity674 assigned as probably @entity5 with follow-up information had long disease-free survival. @entity674 carrying @entity70939 occur exclusively in the intestinal location, and a great majority of these @entity5 follow a malignant course.

title: KIT XXXX mutation defines a subset of predominantly @entity674 of intestinal origin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal dissemination']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

answer: @entity70939 :: (|INS|1530|6,DNAMutation) :: ['1530ins6']


abstract: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are the most common @entity361 of the gastrointestinal tract. @entity674 express KIT and show gain-of-function KIT mutations. Most of these mutations affect the KIT juxtamembrane domain, but other KIT domains are mutated at a lower frequency. In this study, frequency of GCC TAT insertion mutation ( @entity70939 ) in KIT exon 9 (extracellular domain) and its possible clinicopathologic significance was investigated. Screening of 520 @entity674 identified 26 cases with @entity70939 KIT mutation and confirmed the previously reported low frequency of this type of KIT mutation among @entity674 of different locations. Of the 26 @entity5 with @entity70939 KIT mutation studied, 21 originated from the small intestine, 1 from the colon, and 3 from the rectum. In 1 case, primary small intestinal versus colonic localization could not be clearly established because of @entity1320 . No distinctive morphological features were identified for the cohort of @entity5 defined by @entity70939 KIT mutations. Most of the @entity5 showed predominant spindle cell morphology, and a few cases had epithelioid or pleomorphic histological features. Following previously published criteria based on @entity5 size and mitotic rate, 22 of 26 (85%) @entity5 were classified as malignant or potentially malignant, and 4 (15%) were classified as probably benign. A malignant clinical course was documented in 18 of 19 @entity5 from the malignant category. The survival times of 11 @entity1 who died of disseminated @entity674 ranged from 1 month to 105 months (median survival time, 26 months). In contrast, 2 of 4 @entity674 assigned as probably @entity5 with follow-up information had long disease-free survival. @entity674 carrying @entity70939 occur exclusively in the intestinal location, and a great majority of these @entity5 follow a malignant course.

title: KIT @entity70939 mutation defines a subset of predominantly XXXX of intestinal origin.

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: Brain cells are continuously exposed to reactive @entity26 species generated by oxidative metabolism, and in certain pathological conditions defence mechanisms against @entity26 radicals may be weakened and/or overwhelmed. DNA is a potential target for oxidative damage, and genomic damage can contribute to neuropathogenesis. It is important, therefore, to identify tools for the quantitative analysis of DNA damage in models of @entity16 . The aim of this study was to compare the susceptibility of DNA to oxidative stress in cells freshly dissociated from the @entity19 brain, to that in cultured brain cells. Both primary cultures and a continuous cell line of astrocytes were considered. All cells were treated by @entity3624 / @entity3624 oxidase, a @entity224 generator or @entity273 , applied alone or in the presence of the @entity26 radical scavengers, @entity224 dismutase, @entity2196 , or ascorbic acid. DNA damage, quantified with the Comet assay, was consistent in all the different cell preparations exposed to oxidative stress, and was attenuated in similar ways by @entity224 dismutase and @entity2196 , scavengers of @entity224 anion and @entity273 , respectively. The results with @entity620 were more variable, presumably because this compound may switch from anti- to pro-oxidant status depending on its concentration and other experimental conditions. Overall, similar responses were found in freshly dissociated and cultured brain cells. These results suggest that the Comet assay can be directly applied to cells freshly dissociated from the brain of rodents, including models of @entity16 , such as @entity64 models and animals with targeted mutations that mimic @entity1 diseases.

title: XXXX -induced DNA damage in freshly isolated brain cells compared with cultured astrocytes in the Comet assay.

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite advances in therapies for @entity0 , improvement in survival for @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity0 has been difficult to establish. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the survival of @entity1 with recurrent @entity0 has improved from 1974 to 2000. METHODS: The authors analyzed the survival experience of 834 @entity1 who developed recurrent @entity0 between November 1974 and December 2000. All @entity1 had been treated previously with adjuvant @entity4349 -based protocols. @entity1 were divided into five consecutive groups based on year of @entity0 recurrence, and survival was compared across the five groups. Because some prognostic variables were divided unevenly divided among the cohorts, a multivariate model was created to determine the association of year of recurrence and survival after accounting for other prognostic factors. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis, there was a statistically significant improvement in survival across the five groups, and the more recent cohorts had longer survival (P < 0.001). Other variables that predicted longer survival after @entity0 recurrence included smaller @entity5 size, lower stage of disease, fewer lymph nodes involved, longer disease-free interval, @entity172 receptor-positive @entity5 , and nonvisceral dominant site of disease recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, which adjusted for these prognostic factors, year of recurrence was associated with a trend toward improved survival, with a 1% reduction in risk for each increasing year. CONCLUSIONS: For these cohorts of @entity1 , the authors present data suggesting that the prognosis for @entity1 with recurrent @entity0 improved between 1974 and 2000.

title: Is XXXX survival improving?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['initial tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of the current study was to determine the @entity1486 and objective response rates and the pharmacokinetics associated with a monthly x 3 one-hour infusion of @entity5747 in 58 @entity1 with @entity263 . METHODS: A @entity1486 response was defined as a > 50% reduction in the @entity1486 level from baseline for at least 3 consecutive evaluations over a minimum of 6 weeks. The @entity5747 dose was 2400 mg/m(2) taken intravenously on Day 1, 1620 mg/m(2) on Day 29, and 1292 mg/m(2) on Day 57. All @entity1 received 0.5 mg @entity619 twice daily. RESULTS: Among 56 evaluable @entity1 (median entry @entity1486 level, 229.5 ng/mL), there were 21 @entity1486 responders (37.5%). Among 27 @entity1 with measurable disease, there were 5 responders (4 partial and 1 complete). The median overall survival time was 15.3 months. @entity1295 (14.1%) was the predominant @entity137 observed. @entity5747 plasma levels remained high even 3 months after treatment was discontinued. Among the 12 evaluable @entity1 who previously had received chemotherapy, the @entity1486 response rate was 42%; one response was observed among 4 @entity1 with measurable disease, and the median survival was 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Monthly bolus @entity5747 was well tolerated, reduced @entity1486 levels, and induced objective responses, even in @entity1 who previously had received chemotherapy.

title: A Phase II trial of XXXX monthly x 3 for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['Grade III fatigue']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity5747 :: ('MESH:D013498', 'Chemical') :: ['suramin', 'Suramin']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity5747 :: (MESH:D013498,Chemical) :: ['suramin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of the current study was to determine the @entity1486 and objective response rates and the pharmacokinetics associated with a monthly x 3 one-hour infusion of @entity5747 in 58 @entity1 with @entity263 . METHODS: A @entity1486 response was defined as a > 50% reduction in the @entity1486 level from baseline for at least 3 consecutive evaluations over a minimum of 6 weeks. The @entity5747 dose was 2400 mg/m(2) taken intravenously on Day 1, 1620 mg/m(2) on Day 29, and 1292 mg/m(2) on Day 57. All @entity1 received 0.5 mg @entity619 twice daily. RESULTS: Among 56 evaluable @entity1 (median entry @entity1486 level, 229.5 ng/mL), there were 21 @entity1486 responders (37.5%). Among 27 @entity1 with measurable disease, there were 5 responders (4 partial and 1 complete). The median overall survival time was 15.3 months. @entity1295 (14.1%) was the predominant @entity137 observed. @entity5747 plasma levels remained high even 3 months after treatment was discontinued. Among the 12 evaluable @entity1 who previously had received chemotherapy, the @entity1486 response rate was 42%; one response was observed among 4 @entity1 with measurable disease, and the median survival was 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Monthly bolus @entity5747 was well tolerated, reduced @entity1486 levels, and induced objective responses, even in @entity1 who previously had received chemotherapy.

title: A Phase II trial of @entity5747 monthly x 3 for XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma']


abstract: Endogenous sex @entity230 seem to exert a major influence on plasma lipoprotein levels. During menopause, endogenous @entity53 (E2) levels decrease, and the low-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentration, which gradually increases with age, rises more rapidly, with mean plasma levels exceeding those of age-matched @entity1 . It is surprising that the reduction of endogenous E2 does not appear to influence high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels. @entity1 who experience early menopause have a higher incidence of @entity301 than do premenopausal @entity1 of similar age; however, this risk is decreased in @entity1 treated with oral @entity172 . Oral administration of E2 increases plasma concentrations of @entity1815 , E2, and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and decreases plasma concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . This effect seems to be dose-dependent. Increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 concentration depends primarily on an @entity9477 subfraction increase. It is interesting to speculate that the effects of oral @entity172 replacement on plasma lipoproteins might be important in reducing @entity301 risk. Sequential addition of progestogens attenuates the effects of @entity172 on plasma lipids and lipoproteins to some degree. However, the type and dose of the progestogen are important. Most progestogens derived from @entity8097 , for example, reduce high-density lipoprotein @entity165 and, in higher doses, increase low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels. In contrast, progestogens derived from @entity4418 exert only minor effects on plasma lipoproteins. As with oral contraceptives, the net effect of @entity172 -progestogen replacement therapy on plasma lipoproteins depends on the dose and potency of the involved drugs.

title: The effects of XXXX on blood lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity8097 :: ('MESH:D009277', 'Chemical') :: ['19-nortestosterone']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4418 :: ('MESH:D019326', 'Chemical') :: ['17-hydroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: Endogenous sex @entity230 seem to exert a major influence on plasma lipoprotein levels. During menopause, endogenous @entity53 (E2) levels decrease, and the low-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentration, which gradually increases with age, rises more rapidly, with mean plasma levels exceeding those of age-matched @entity1 . It is surprising that the reduction of endogenous E2 does not appear to influence high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels. @entity1 who experience early menopause have a higher incidence of @entity301 than do premenopausal @entity1 of similar age; however, this risk is decreased in @entity1 treated with oral @entity172 . Oral administration of E2 increases plasma concentrations of @entity1815 , E2, and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and decreases plasma concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . This effect seems to be dose-dependent. Increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 concentration depends primarily on an @entity9477 subfraction increase. It is interesting to speculate that the effects of oral @entity172 replacement on plasma lipoproteins might be important in reducing @entity301 risk. Sequential addition of progestogens attenuates the effects of @entity172 on plasma lipids and lipoproteins to some degree. However, the type and dose of the progestogen are important. Most progestogens derived from @entity8097 , for example, reduce high-density lipoprotein @entity165 and, in higher doses, increase low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels. In contrast, progestogens derived from @entity4418 exert only minor effects on plasma lipoproteins. As with oral contraceptives, the net effect of @entity172 -progestogen replacement therapy on plasma lipoproteins depends on the dose and potency of the involved drugs.

title: The effects of @entity53 on blood lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Pediatric nonfunctioning @entity1636 is a very rare @entity5 . A 4-year-old @entity1 was admitted complaining of @entity490 . Physical examination revealed an abdominal mass. There were no clinical or laboratory signs of hormonal abnormality. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a polylobular mass. Intravenous pyelography showed marked compression of the kidney by a @entity5 . The @entity5 was excised together with the right kidney. The histopathological diagnosis was @entity1636 . Although there is a greater incidence of germ line @entity876 mutations with @entity1636 , the @entity5 suppressor gene @entity876 was not mutated in our case. The @entity1 died 2 months after surgery from complications of chemotherapy.

title: Nonfunctioning XXXX in a @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']


abstract: Pediatric nonfunctioning @entity1636 is a very rare @entity5 . A 4-year-old @entity1 was admitted complaining of @entity490 . Physical examination revealed an abdominal mass. There were no clinical or laboratory signs of hormonal abnormality. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a polylobular mass. Intravenous pyelography showed marked compression of the kidney by a @entity5 . The @entity5 was excised together with the right kidney. The histopathological diagnosis was @entity1636 . Although there is a greater incidence of germ line @entity876 mutations with @entity1636 , the @entity5 suppressor gene @entity876 was not mutated in our case. The @entity1 died 2 months after surgery from complications of chemotherapy.

title: Nonfunctioning @entity1636 in a XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: TYPE OF STUDY: Case report. SETTING: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University and Faculty Hospital Motol, Department of Hematology and blood transfusion, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 1st Medical Faculty Charles University and General Faculty Hospital, Prague. METHODS: The authors present two cases of pregnant @entity1 with @entity16611 . This rare hereditary trombocytopenia is characterized with the presence of megathrombocytes and typical basophilie inclusions (Dahli's inclusions) in granulocyte cytoplasma in blood count. Clinically, there are possible haemmorrhagic @entity10631 in this anomaly [13]. The course of pregnancy was uncomplicated in both cases. The values of thrombocytes fluctuated between 22-34 x 10(9)/l and 17-27 x 10(9)/l respectively. The response on the @entity228 administration was minimal. The pregnancy was terminated with caesarean section in general anesthesia in both cases. The indication in the first case was, after the neonatologist consultation with hematologist on duty, the anomaly itself. In the second case it was primarily decided to conduct the labor vaginally. It was necessary to start the induction of labor for the development preeclamptic signs. This @entity3009 induction was unsuccessful and therefor was the labor also terminated with s.c. Both delivered neonates were in @entity558 without clinical or lab signs of the disease. The neonate in the second case was of borderline trophicity. The s.c. were secured with transfusions of thrombocytes and carried out without any complications in both cases. The blood losses were 400 and 700 ml without necessity of erythrocyte transfusions. The postoperative course was also uncomplicated in both cases. Both @entity1 with their @entity1 were released from hospital on the 6th postoperative day. CONCLUSION: There are about 20 published papers of authors describing pregnancy with this rare anomaly. The efforts of haemmorrhage are very rare, the course of pregnancy is usually not disturbed [7, 8, 9, 11]. Some authors alert on possible higher risk intrauterine growth restriction [4]. The risk of @entity548 is from all available, data also small and there is no need of prenatal invasive investigation (cordocentesis) [11]. The mode of delivery depends only on the obstetrics and indications, vaginal labor is not associated with higher risk for the fetus [2, 3, 5, 6, 10]. The treatment with @entity288 or immunoglobulins in cases when the clinical symptomatology appear is only little effective, administration of thrombocytes transfusions are useful [8, 9]. When the anesthesia is necessary, general anesthesia is preferred because of higher risk of local haemmorrhage complications in cases of epidural or spinal analgesia [10, 14].

title: [The XXXX in pregnancy. 2 case reports].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity10631 :: ('MESH:D020879', 'Disease') :: ['manifestations']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['fetal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity16611 :: ('MESH:C535507', 'Disease') :: ['May-Hegglin anomaly']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity16611 :: (MESH:C535507,Disease) :: ['May-Hegglin anomaly']


abstract: This investigation examined the in vitro and ex vivo antimicrobial effects of a new dentifrice, Colgate Total Advanced Fresh, formulated with @entity14789 /copolymer/ @entity3163 , on oral bacteria, including those odorigenic bacteria implicated in bad breath. The effects of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh were compared to commercially available @entity1388 dentifrices that served as controls. Three experimental approaches were undertaken for these studies. In the first approach, the dentifrice formulations were tested in vitro against 13 species of oral bacteria implicated in bad breath. The second approach examined the antimicrobial activity derived from dentifrice that was adsorbed to and released from @entity692 disks. In this approach, dentifrice-treated @entity692 disks were immersed in a suspension of bacteria, and reduction in bacterial viability from the release of bioactive agents from @entity692 was determined. The third approach examined the effect of treating bacteria immediately after their removal from the oral cavity of 11 adult @entity1 volunteers. This ex vivo study examined the viability of cultivable oral bacteria after dentifrice treatment for 2 minutes. Antimicrobial effects were determined by plating Colgate Total Advanced Fresh and control-dentifrice-treated samples on enriched media (for all cultivable oral bacteria) and indicator media (for @entity3884 - @entity3287 -producing organisms), respectively. Results indicated that the antimicrobial effects of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh were significantly greater than either of the other dentifrices for all 13 oral odorigenic bacterial strains tested in vitro (P < or = 0.05). In the second approach, Colgate Total Advanced Fresh-treated @entity692 disks were significantly more active in reducing bacterial growth than the other dentifrices tested (P < or = 0.05). Finally, ex vivo treatment of oral bacteria with Colgate Total Advanced Fresh demonstrated a 90.9% reduction of all oral cultivable bacteria and a 91.5% reduction of oral bacteria producing @entity3957 compared with the control dentifrice. In conclusion, these results, taken together with the significant reductions in clinical malodor scores by Colgate Total Advanced Fresh demonstrated in organoleptic studies, strongly suggest that this dentifrice kills the bacteria that are implicated in the cause of bad breath.

title: The effects of a new therapeutic XXXX /copolymer/ @entity3163 dentifrice on oral bacteria, including odorigenic species.

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity14789 :: ('MESH:D014260', 'Chemical') :: ['triclosan']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity3287 :: ('CHEBI:26822', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfide']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity14789 :: (MESH:D014260,Chemical) :: ['triclosan']


abstract: This investigation examined the in vitro and ex vivo antimicrobial effects of a new dentifrice, Colgate Total Advanced Fresh, formulated with @entity14789 /copolymer/ @entity3163 , on oral bacteria, including those odorigenic bacteria implicated in bad breath. The effects of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh were compared to commercially available @entity1388 dentifrices that served as controls. Three experimental approaches were undertaken for these studies. In the first approach, the dentifrice formulations were tested in vitro against 13 species of oral bacteria implicated in bad breath. The second approach examined the antimicrobial activity derived from dentifrice that was adsorbed to and released from @entity692 disks. In this approach, dentifrice-treated @entity692 disks were immersed in a suspension of bacteria, and reduction in bacterial viability from the release of bioactive agents from @entity692 was determined. The third approach examined the effect of treating bacteria immediately after their removal from the oral cavity of 11 adult @entity1 volunteers. This ex vivo study examined the viability of cultivable oral bacteria after dentifrice treatment for 2 minutes. Antimicrobial effects were determined by plating Colgate Total Advanced Fresh and control-dentifrice-treated samples on enriched media (for all cultivable oral bacteria) and indicator media (for @entity3884 - @entity3287 -producing organisms), respectively. Results indicated that the antimicrobial effects of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh were significantly greater than either of the other dentifrices for all 13 oral odorigenic bacterial strains tested in vitro (P < or = 0.05). In the second approach, Colgate Total Advanced Fresh-treated @entity692 disks were significantly more active in reducing bacterial growth than the other dentifrices tested (P < or = 0.05). Finally, ex vivo treatment of oral bacteria with Colgate Total Advanced Fresh demonstrated a 90.9% reduction of all oral cultivable bacteria and a 91.5% reduction of oral bacteria producing @entity3957 compared with the control dentifrice. In conclusion, these results, taken together with the significant reductions in clinical malodor scores by Colgate Total Advanced Fresh demonstrated in organoleptic studies, strongly suggest that this dentifrice kills the bacteria that are implicated in the cause of bad breath.

title: The effects of a new therapeutic @entity14789 /copolymer/ XXXX dentifrice on oral bacteria, including odorigenic species.

answer: @entity3163 :: (MESH:D012969,Chemical) :: ['sodium-fluoride']


abstract: @entity5426 appears to be a heterogeneous group of @entity5 morphologically, in which growth pattern or grade is an important prognostic factor. In this report, 63 @entity1 whose slides were seen in consultation and/or who were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) are described. Included are 32 MSKCC @entity1 from an earlier study (with additional follow-up for 15 who are alive) and 31 new cases. Twenty-five (40%) @entity1 had low-grade (Type I) lesions (including the only @entity1 in the series), 12 (19%) @entity1 had intermediate-grade (Type II) tumors, and 26 (41%) @entity1 had high-grade (Type III) @entity5426 . Because prognosis is significantly related to the type of @entity5426 , the lesion should be thoroughly studied microscopically to establish @entity5 type. Estimated probabilities of disease-free survival 5 years after initial treatment were as follows: Type I: 76%; Type II: 70%; and Type III: 15%. The median length of disease-free survival also was related to @entity5 type (Type I: greater than 15 years; Type II: greater than 12 years; and Type III: 15 months). Pretreatment duration of the lesion and @entity5 size were not significantly related to the risk of recurrence or to survival. Total mastectomy is recommended for most mammary @entity5426 . Adjuvant chemotherapy was used in 31 of 63 (49%) @entity1 and, in this group, recurrences developed in 14 (45%) @entity1 . Among 32 (51%) @entity1 not treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, 18 (56%) had recurrences. Whereas the few long-term survivors with @entity5 received adjuvant chemotherapy, recurrences developed in most @entity1 with comparable lesions who were given this treatment. Because @entity5426 has a poor prognosis, such treatment may be appropriate for these @entity1 . We were unable to demonstrate that adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved prognosis for @entity1 with @entity5 , although recurrences tended to be less frequent among treated @entity1 .

title: XXXX . The prognostic significance of @entity5 differentiation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Type I and Type II tumors', 'Type III tumors', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['Type III angiosarcoma', 'angiosarcoma', 'angiosarcomas', 'Mammary angiosarcoma']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Mammary angiosarcoma']


abstract: @entity5426 appears to be a heterogeneous group of @entity5 morphologically, in which growth pattern or grade is an important prognostic factor. In this report, 63 @entity1 whose slides were seen in consultation and/or who were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) are described. Included are 32 MSKCC @entity1 from an earlier study (with additional follow-up for 15 who are alive) and 31 new cases. Twenty-five (40%) @entity1 had low-grade (Type I) lesions (including the only @entity1 in the series), 12 (19%) @entity1 had intermediate-grade (Type II) tumors, and 26 (41%) @entity1 had high-grade (Type III) @entity5426 . Because prognosis is significantly related to the type of @entity5426 , the lesion should be thoroughly studied microscopically to establish @entity5 type. Estimated probabilities of disease-free survival 5 years after initial treatment were as follows: Type I: 76%; Type II: 70%; and Type III: 15%. The median length of disease-free survival also was related to @entity5 type (Type I: greater than 15 years; Type II: greater than 12 years; and Type III: 15 months). Pretreatment duration of the lesion and @entity5 size were not significantly related to the risk of recurrence or to survival. Total mastectomy is recommended for most mammary @entity5426 . Adjuvant chemotherapy was used in 31 of 63 (49%) @entity1 and, in this group, recurrences developed in 14 (45%) @entity1 . Among 32 (51%) @entity1 not treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, 18 (56%) had recurrences. Whereas the few long-term survivors with @entity5 received adjuvant chemotherapy, recurrences developed in most @entity1 with comparable lesions who were given this treatment. Because @entity5426 has a poor prognosis, such treatment may be appropriate for these @entity1 . We were unable to demonstrate that adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved prognosis for @entity1 with @entity5 , although recurrences tended to be less frequent among treated @entity1 .

title: @entity5426 . The prognostic significance of XXXX differentiation.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The majority of the most severe cases of @entity1717 ( @entity3190 ) are caused by defects in the beta-cell @entity855 ( @entity855 )-sensitive @entity972 channel and usually require pancreatectomy to control blood sugar levels. In contrast to the recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology and genetic bases of @entity3190 , the histologic classification of this condition remains controversial. A recent proposal to classify the @entity3190 pancreata into diffuse and focal forms has drawn much interest because of its relative simplicity and its good correlation with the @entity74 . We undertook a retrospective study to determine whether this classification scheme could be applied to 38 pancreata resected for @entity3190 at our institution. We also obtained leukocyte genomic DNA from 29 cases and screened the exons of @entity11773 and @entity14225 genes for the presence of mutations. Nineteen cases (50.0%) were histologically classified as diffuse @entity3190 and 14 cases (36.8%) were categorized as focal form. The mutational analysis revealed that 14 of the 16 diffuse cases analyzed had either homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of @entity11773 or @entity14225 and 7 of 10 focal cases had only the paternally inherited mutations, consistent with the previous observations. Two @entity1 (5.3%) had normal pancreatic histology but had persistent @entity4053 postoperatively, leaving the possibility of residual focal lesion. Three of 38 cases (7.9%) did not fit well into either diffuse or focal category. Two cases differed from the described pattern for the diffuse form in that the nuclear enlargement was confined to a single area of the pancreas. The other case had a focal lesion but beta-cell nuclear enlargement was present in nonadjacent areas. Mutations for typical diffuse or focal @entity3190 were not identified in two of these three equivocal cases. We conclude from this study that nearly 90% of @entity3190 cases can be classified into either a diffuse or a focal form. However, a small percentage of cases represented a diagnostic challenge.

title: Histopathology of XXXX : retrospective study with genotype correlations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hyperinsulinism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity1717 :: (MESH:D044903,Disease) :: ['congenital hyperinsulinism']


abstract: @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ) (which monitor spontaneous @entity141 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum [SR]) and resting and twitch @entity2701 were measured during intervals after stimulation in @entity35 and @entity95 papillary muscles. For 1 to 5 seconds after stimulation of @entity35 muscle bathed in 1.5 mM [ @entity141 ] (Cao), twitch and resting @entity2701 are depressed and @entity3917 are transiently abolished. @entity3917 and resting @entity2701 then recover simultaneously and monotonically but lag behind the restitution of twitch @entity2701 . In the absence of further stimulation, @entity3917 persist and the rested state twitch amplitude remains potentiated. When Cao is increased above 2.5 mM, the restitution of all parameters following stimulation is accelerated and becomes oscillatory; the lag of @entity3917 and resting @entity2701 restitution behind that of the twitch increases such that twitch amplitude increases, overshoots, and decreases to a nadir as @entity3917 and resting @entity2701 reach their initial maximum. In a given muscle, the maximum twitch amplitude occurs at approximately the same level of @entity3917 ; when this level is exceeded, either transiently during monotonic or oscillatory recovery after stimulation in a given Cao or in the steady rested state by an increase in Cao, twitch @entity2701 decreases. @entity8452 (1 microM), @entity5834 (10 mM), or replacement of Cao with @entity9756 abolishes @entity3917 and causes twitch amplitude to decay with rest. In contrast to @entity35 , twitch amplitude in @entity95 muscle bathed in physiological Cao decays with rest and @entity3917 are nonmeasurable at any interval following stimulation. When Cao is increased to 20 mM during rest, @entity3917 occur and the rest decay of the twitch is abolished. We interpret the parallel behavior of @entity3917 and rest potentiation to indicate that in the presence of @entity3917 , the average SR @entity141 load within the tissue is high. Depolarization of a tissue exhibiting @entity3917 causes a large twitch but also a transient depletion of the average SR @entity141 load. That the restitution of @entity3917 lags behind recovery of twitch amplitude suggests that the onset of spontaneous SR @entity141 release requires a delay following SR @entity141 replenishment. The simultaneous occurrence of spontaneous @entity141 release in a sufficient number of cells places an upper limit on twitch amplitude either during recovery following stimulation or at rest.

title: Spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release in @entity35 and XXXX cardiac muscle: relation to transient and rested-state twitch @entity2701 .

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['Ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['SLIF', 'Scattered light intensity fluctuations']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ) (which monitor spontaneous @entity141 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum [SR]) and resting and twitch @entity2701 were measured during intervals after stimulation in @entity35 and @entity95 papillary muscles. For 1 to 5 seconds after stimulation of @entity35 muscle bathed in 1.5 mM [ @entity141 ] (Cao), twitch and resting @entity2701 are depressed and @entity3917 are transiently abolished. @entity3917 and resting @entity2701 then recover simultaneously and monotonically but lag behind the restitution of twitch @entity2701 . In the absence of further stimulation, @entity3917 persist and the rested state twitch amplitude remains potentiated. When Cao is increased above 2.5 mM, the restitution of all parameters following stimulation is accelerated and becomes oscillatory; the lag of @entity3917 and resting @entity2701 restitution behind that of the twitch increases such that twitch amplitude increases, overshoots, and decreases to a nadir as @entity3917 and resting @entity2701 reach their initial maximum. In a given muscle, the maximum twitch amplitude occurs at approximately the same level of @entity3917 ; when this level is exceeded, either transiently during monotonic or oscillatory recovery after stimulation in a given Cao or in the steady rested state by an increase in Cao, twitch @entity2701 decreases. @entity8452 (1 microM), @entity5834 (10 mM), or replacement of Cao with @entity9756 abolishes @entity3917 and causes twitch amplitude to decay with rest. In contrast to @entity35 , twitch amplitude in @entity95 muscle bathed in physiological Cao decays with rest and @entity3917 are nonmeasurable at any interval following stimulation. When Cao is increased to 20 mM during rest, @entity3917 occur and the rest decay of the twitch is abolished. We interpret the parallel behavior of @entity3917 and rest potentiation to indicate that in the presence of @entity3917 , the average SR @entity141 load within the tissue is high. Depolarization of a tissue exhibiting @entity3917 causes a large twitch but also a transient depletion of the average SR @entity141 load. That the restitution of @entity3917 lags behind recovery of twitch amplitude suggests that the onset of spontaneous SR @entity141 release requires a delay following SR @entity141 replenishment. The simultaneous occurrence of spontaneous @entity141 release in a sufficient number of cells places an upper limit on twitch amplitude either during recovery following stimulation or at rest.

title: Spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release in @entity35 and @entity95 cardiac muscle: relation to transient and rested-state twitch XXXX .

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension']


abstract: @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ) (which monitor spontaneous @entity141 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum [SR]) and resting and twitch @entity2701 were measured during intervals after stimulation in @entity35 and @entity95 papillary muscles. For 1 to 5 seconds after stimulation of @entity35 muscle bathed in 1.5 mM [ @entity141 ] (Cao), twitch and resting @entity2701 are depressed and @entity3917 are transiently abolished. @entity3917 and resting @entity2701 then recover simultaneously and monotonically but lag behind the restitution of twitch @entity2701 . In the absence of further stimulation, @entity3917 persist and the rested state twitch amplitude remains potentiated. When Cao is increased above 2.5 mM, the restitution of all parameters following stimulation is accelerated and becomes oscillatory; the lag of @entity3917 and resting @entity2701 restitution behind that of the twitch increases such that twitch amplitude increases, overshoots, and decreases to a nadir as @entity3917 and resting @entity2701 reach their initial maximum. In a given muscle, the maximum twitch amplitude occurs at approximately the same level of @entity3917 ; when this level is exceeded, either transiently during monotonic or oscillatory recovery after stimulation in a given Cao or in the steady rested state by an increase in Cao, twitch @entity2701 decreases. @entity8452 (1 microM), @entity5834 (10 mM), or replacement of Cao with @entity9756 abolishes @entity3917 and causes twitch amplitude to decay with rest. In contrast to @entity35 , twitch amplitude in @entity95 muscle bathed in physiological Cao decays with rest and @entity3917 are nonmeasurable at any interval following stimulation. When Cao is increased to 20 mM during rest, @entity3917 occur and the rest decay of the twitch is abolished. We interpret the parallel behavior of @entity3917 and rest potentiation to indicate that in the presence of @entity3917 , the average SR @entity141 load within the tissue is high. Depolarization of a tissue exhibiting @entity3917 causes a large twitch but also a transient depletion of the average SR @entity141 load. That the restitution of @entity3917 lags behind recovery of twitch amplitude suggests that the onset of spontaneous SR @entity141 release requires a delay following SR @entity141 replenishment. The simultaneous occurrence of spontaneous @entity141 release in a sufficient number of cells places an upper limit on twitch amplitude either during recovery following stimulation or at rest.

title: Spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release in XXXX and @entity95 cardiac muscle: relation to transient and rested-state twitch @entity2701 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Limited information is available on the correlation of telomerase activity and the clinical and pathological characteristics, in @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was used to measure telomerase activity in frozen @entity1358 specimens from partial/radical nephrectomies performed between 1987 and 1991. Presence of @entity5 tissue was verified by a pathologist using @entity1710 and @entity1711 stained sections. RNA was measured to ensure the presence of intact protein necessary for telomerase expression. Data on demographics, @entity5 type, and stage at presentation, local recurrence, distant @entity3 , @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was collected, and telomerase activity was correlated with each of these variables. Forty-nine of 67 @entity1 (73%) were telomerase positive (+ve). Gender and stage were the only variables that appeared to be associated with telomerase positivity. @entity5 were telomerase +ve in 12/21 females (57 %) vs. 37/46 males (80%) (P = 0.07). @entity5 were telomerase +ve in 85% of Stage IV, 76% of Stage III, and 70% of Stage I/II @entity1 (P = 0.12). Five-year survival was 0% for Stage IV, 57% for Stage III, and 77% for Stage I/II @entity1 (P < 0.001), @entity66 54% for stage III and 84% for Stage I/II @entity1 (P = 0.05). Telomerase activity, however, was not related to survival in either univariate or multivariate analysis. In @entity1 with telomerase +ve @entity5 5-year survival was 55%, and with @entity5 58% (P = 0.56). Stage was the only variable associated with @entity1349 or @entity66 in clear cell @entity1358 @entity1 . In @entity1 with @entity1442 , there is a high incidence of telomerase positivity was found, within this limited sample, however, no correlation with survival was found.

title: @entity1358 ( XXXX ) and telomerase activity: relationship to stage.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'telomerase -ve tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['RCC']


abstract: Limited information is available on the correlation of telomerase activity and the clinical and pathological characteristics, in @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was used to measure telomerase activity in frozen @entity1358 specimens from partial/radical nephrectomies performed between 1987 and 1991. Presence of @entity5 tissue was verified by a pathologist using @entity1710 and @entity1711 stained sections. RNA was measured to ensure the presence of intact protein necessary for telomerase expression. Data on demographics, @entity5 type, and stage at presentation, local recurrence, distant @entity3 , @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was collected, and telomerase activity was correlated with each of these variables. Forty-nine of 67 @entity1 (73%) were telomerase positive (+ve). Gender and stage were the only variables that appeared to be associated with telomerase positivity. @entity5 were telomerase +ve in 12/21 females (57 %) vs. 37/46 males (80%) (P = 0.07). @entity5 were telomerase +ve in 85% of Stage IV, 76% of Stage III, and 70% of Stage I/II @entity1 (P = 0.12). Five-year survival was 0% for Stage IV, 57% for Stage III, and 77% for Stage I/II @entity1 (P < 0.001), @entity66 54% for stage III and 84% for Stage I/II @entity1 (P = 0.05). Telomerase activity, however, was not related to survival in either univariate or multivariate analysis. In @entity1 with telomerase +ve @entity5 5-year survival was 55%, and with @entity5 58% (P = 0.56). Stage was the only variable associated with @entity1349 or @entity66 in clear cell @entity1358 @entity1 . In @entity1 with @entity1442 , there is a high incidence of telomerase positivity was found, within this limited sample, however, no correlation with survival was found.

title: XXXX ( @entity1358 ) and telomerase activity: relationship to stage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The available statin drugs have similar pharmacodynamic properties but are not equal in low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C)-lowering efficacy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of @entity5753 and @entity5470 in lowering LDL-C. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study of @entity1 aged >20 years with @entity1007 conducted at 44 clinical sites across the United States. After a 6-week National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) Step I diet lead-in period in @entity1 taking lipid-lowering drugs at screening, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity5753 10, 20, or 40 mg/d or @entity5470 20 or 40 mg/d (the doses available at the time the study was conducted) for 6 weeks. @entity1 not taking lipid-lowering drugs at screening and who had been following the Step I diet for at least 6 weeks proceeded to the treatment phase. All @entity1 received instruction for a Step I diet, which they followed throughout the treatment phase. After the treatment period, total @entity165 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), LDL-C, and @entity1674 were measured, and TC:HDL-C and LDL-C:HDL-C ratios were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 838 @entity1 (476 @entity1 , 362 @entity1 ; mean [SD] age, 59 [12] years) were included in the study. @entity5753 20 and 40 mg/d significantly reduced mean LDL-C compared with the same dosages of @entity5470 . TC and the LDL-C:HDL-C ratio decreased more with @entity5753 than with @entity5470 at a given dose level. Approximately 50% of @entity1 treated with @entity5753 20 and 40 mg/d compared with approximately 25% treated with @entity5470 20 and 40 mg/d reached NCEP Adult Treatment Panel II LDL-C goals. CONCLUSION: In this small study population of @entity1 with @entity1007 taking lipid-lowering drugs, short-term (6-week) treatment with @entity5753 was more efficacious than @entity5470 in lowering @entity165 levels and reaching LDL-C treatment goals.

title: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the low-density lipoprotein @entity165 -lowering ability of XXXX 10, 20, and 40 mg/d with @entity5470 20 and 40 mg/d.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity5470 :: ('MESH:C065180', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity5753 :: (MESH:D008148,Chemical) :: ['lovastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The available statin drugs have similar pharmacodynamic properties but are not equal in low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C)-lowering efficacy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of @entity5753 and @entity5470 in lowering LDL-C. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study of @entity1 aged >20 years with @entity1007 conducted at 44 clinical sites across the United States. After a 6-week National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) Step I diet lead-in period in @entity1 taking lipid-lowering drugs at screening, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity5753 10, 20, or 40 mg/d or @entity5470 20 or 40 mg/d (the doses available at the time the study was conducted) for 6 weeks. @entity1 not taking lipid-lowering drugs at screening and who had been following the Step I diet for at least 6 weeks proceeded to the treatment phase. All @entity1 received instruction for a Step I diet, which they followed throughout the treatment phase. After the treatment period, total @entity165 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), LDL-C, and @entity1674 were measured, and TC:HDL-C and LDL-C:HDL-C ratios were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 838 @entity1 (476 @entity1 , 362 @entity1 ; mean [SD] age, 59 [12] years) were included in the study. @entity5753 20 and 40 mg/d significantly reduced mean LDL-C compared with the same dosages of @entity5470 . TC and the LDL-C:HDL-C ratio decreased more with @entity5753 than with @entity5470 at a given dose level. Approximately 50% of @entity1 treated with @entity5753 20 and 40 mg/d compared with approximately 25% treated with @entity5470 20 and 40 mg/d reached NCEP Adult Treatment Panel II LDL-C goals. CONCLUSION: In this small study population of @entity1 with @entity1007 taking lipid-lowering drugs, short-term (6-week) treatment with @entity5753 was more efficacious than @entity5470 in lowering @entity165 levels and reaching LDL-C treatment goals.

title: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the low-density lipoprotein @entity165 -lowering ability of @entity5753 10, 20, and 40 mg/d with XXXX 20 and 40 mg/d.

answer: @entity5470 :: (MESH:C065180,Chemical) :: ['fluvastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The available statin drugs have similar pharmacodynamic properties but are not equal in low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C)-lowering efficacy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of @entity5753 and @entity5470 in lowering LDL-C. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study of @entity1 aged >20 years with @entity1007 conducted at 44 clinical sites across the United States. After a 6-week National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) Step I diet lead-in period in @entity1 taking lipid-lowering drugs at screening, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity5753 10, 20, or 40 mg/d or @entity5470 20 or 40 mg/d (the doses available at the time the study was conducted) for 6 weeks. @entity1 not taking lipid-lowering drugs at screening and who had been following the Step I diet for at least 6 weeks proceeded to the treatment phase. All @entity1 received instruction for a Step I diet, which they followed throughout the treatment phase. After the treatment period, total @entity165 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), LDL-C, and @entity1674 were measured, and TC:HDL-C and LDL-C:HDL-C ratios were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 838 @entity1 (476 @entity1 , 362 @entity1 ; mean [SD] age, 59 [12] years) were included in the study. @entity5753 20 and 40 mg/d significantly reduced mean LDL-C compared with the same dosages of @entity5470 . TC and the LDL-C:HDL-C ratio decreased more with @entity5753 than with @entity5470 at a given dose level. Approximately 50% of @entity1 treated with @entity5753 20 and 40 mg/d compared with approximately 25% treated with @entity5470 20 and 40 mg/d reached NCEP Adult Treatment Panel II LDL-C goals. CONCLUSION: In this small study population of @entity1 with @entity1007 taking lipid-lowering drugs, short-term (6-week) treatment with @entity5753 was more efficacious than @entity5470 in lowering @entity165 levels and reaching LDL-C treatment goals.

title: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the low-density lipoprotein XXXX -lowering ability of @entity5753 10, 20, and 40 mg/d with @entity5470 20 and 40 mg/d.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Laparoscopic assessment of the sentinel node (SN) in early @entity5 is both feasible and safe. The technique is described. The data concerning the 70 first assessed @entity1 are reported. Failure in identification of the SN occurred in 14 of the 139 attempted dissections. One only SN was detected in 121 dissections and two SN in four dissections. A systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy was carried out after removal of the SN. A metastatic involvement of the SN was put in evidence in 19 of the 129 retrieved SN. The other regional lymph nodes were. The data concerning the 70 first assessed @entity1 are reported. Failure in identification of the SN occurred in 14 of the 139 attempted dissections. One only SN was detected in 121 dissections and two SN in four dissections. A systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy was carried out after removal of the SN. A metastatic involvement of the SN was put in evidence in 19 of the 129 retrieved SN. The other regional lymph nodes were involved in 13 cases and not involved in six cases. In the 110 cases where the SN was not involved all the other regional nodes were free from @entity3 . At the condition larger series confirm the preliminary results the laparoscopic retrieval of the SN could change the strategy to be used in the management of early @entity5 : no systematic lymphadenectomy-radiotherapy for the SN+ @entity1 --vaginal radical hysterectomy for the SN- @entity1 . Another condition should be the SN is submitted to superstaging using immunochemical staining and/or molecular biology.

title: Laparoscopic assessment of the sentinel lymph nodes in early cervical XXXX . Technique--preliminary results and future developments.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Arterial repair for @entity3886 and large @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) may be superior to atrial correction, but the risk of either approach in early infancy has been high. The results of early correction were therefore assessed in 12 @entity1 with @entity3886 and a large @entity1757 who underwent arterial repair. @entity1 ranged in age from 3 to 90 days (median age, 19 days) and in weight from 2.5 to 3.7 kg. The @entity1757 was infundibular in eight, inlet in three, and muscular in one. @entity453 were present in five @entity1 , including one @entity1 with a single left coronary artery. There was one early death (8%) in the only @entity1 with a pulmonary artery band. There were no late deaths. The 11 survivors have been followed up from 2 to 59 months (mean follow-up period, 20 months) and remain free of @entity299 . Catheterization (n = 5) and Doppler echocardiography in all @entity1 show no significant left @entity3585 , @entity337 , or residual @entity1757 . Catheterization documented normal pulmonary artery pressure and unobstructed coronary arteries. Only one @entity1 had significant @entity849 and underwent successful reoperation. These data indicate that arterial repair and @entity1757 closure can be successfully performed in early infancy with low mortality and morbidity. Repair in this age group is advocated before changes of @entity358 occur.

title: Arterial repair for @entity3886 and large XXXX in early infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular outflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac symptoms']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery anomalies']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: Arterial repair for @entity3886 and large @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) may be superior to atrial correction, but the risk of either approach in early infancy has been high. The results of early correction were therefore assessed in 12 @entity1 with @entity3886 and a large @entity1757 who underwent arterial repair. @entity1 ranged in age from 3 to 90 days (median age, 19 days) and in weight from 2.5 to 3.7 kg. The @entity1757 was infundibular in eight, inlet in three, and muscular in one. @entity453 were present in five @entity1 , including one @entity1 with a single left coronary artery. There was one early death (8%) in the only @entity1 with a pulmonary artery band. There were no late deaths. The 11 survivors have been followed up from 2 to 59 months (mean follow-up period, 20 months) and remain free of @entity299 . Catheterization (n = 5) and Doppler echocardiography in all @entity1 show no significant left @entity3585 , @entity337 , or residual @entity1757 . Catheterization documented normal pulmonary artery pressure and unobstructed coronary arteries. Only one @entity1 had significant @entity849 and underwent successful reoperation. These data indicate that arterial repair and @entity1757 closure can be successfully performed in early infancy with low mortality and morbidity. Repair in this age group is advocated before changes of @entity358 occur.

title: Arterial repair for XXXX and large @entity1757 in early infancy.

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Weight gain is a common side effect of antipsychotic medications and is of particular concern with most of the newer "atypical" antipsychotics. It is, therefore, increasingly important to understand the impact of @entity28 and perceived weight problems on compliance with these medications. METHODS: A survey of treatment and health issues was mailed to local chapters of the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) and National Mental Health Association (NMHA), who distributed them to @entity1 with @entity161 . Noncompliance was defined as a self-report of missing any antipsychotic medication in the previous month. The primary independent variables were (1) body mass index (BMI; weight [kg]/height [m2])-categorized as normal (< 25, n = 73), overweight (25-30, n = 104), or @entity28 (> 30, n = 100)-and (2) subjective distress over @entity1017 . Other independent variables included demographics, medication attitudes, and treatment satisfaction. RESULT: BMI status and subjective distress from @entity1017 were predictors of noncompliance. Obese individuals were more than twice as likely as those with a normal BMI to report missing their medication (OR = 2.5; CI 1.1-5.5). A comprehensive model suggested that the primary mediator of noncompliance was distress over @entity1017 . CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be a significant, positive association between @entity28 and subjective distress from @entity1017 and medication noncompliance, even when accounting for other possible confounding factors.

title: XXXX as a risk factor for antipsychotic noncompliance.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: Renal blood flow falls in both kidneys following delivery of a clinical dose of shockwaves (SW) (2000 SW, 24 kV, Dornier HM3) to only one kidney. The role of @entity8 in this response was examined in a porcine model of renal denervation. Six-week-old @entity1707 underwent unilateral renal denervation. Nerves along the renal artery of one kidney were identified, sectioned and painted with 10% @entity3971 . Two weeks later the @entity1707 were anesthetized and baseline renal function was determined using inulin and PAH clearances. Animals then had either sham-shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) (group 1), SWL to the innervated kidney (group 2) or SWL to the denervated kidney (group 3). Bilateral renal function was again measured 1 and 4 h after SWL. Both kidneys were then removed for analysis of @entity1063 content to validate the denervation. Renal plasma (RPF) flow was significantly reduced in shocked innervated kidneys (group 2) and shocked denervated kidneys (group 3). RPF was not reduced in the unshocked denervated kidneys of group 2. These observations suggest that @entity8 play a pivotal role in modulating the vascular response of the contralateral unshocked kidney to SWL, but only a partial role, if any, in modulating that response in the shocked kidney.

title: XXXX mediate changes in contralateral renal blood flow after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal nerves']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal nerves']


abstract: Proteins from @entity1 lenses of various ages were separated into three fractions based on their solubility; @entity12360 ( @entity12360 ), water-insoluble- @entity1133 -soluble (WI-US) and water-insoluble- @entity1133 -insoluble (WI-UI). The SDS-PAGE of these fractions showed increasing quantities of degraded polypeptides (mol. wt; Mr less than 18 kDa) with aging. On separation of degraded polypeptides from the rest of lens crystallins by gel-filtration chromatography under denaturing conditions, the polypeptides showed an age-related concentration increase in the @entity12360 and WI-US fractions, which constituted 12-14% and 17-18% of the total proteins respectively. The degraded polypeptides from WI-US fractions of lenses from 50-yr-old donors exhibited five polypeptides ranging in Mr between 3- and 18 kDa. The degraded polypeptides isolated from @entity12360 and WI-US fractions of lenses of various ages self-aggregated on storage to protein moieties with Mr ranging between 18- and greater than 1500 kDa. An antiserum was raised against degraded polypeptides isolated from WI-US protein fraction of 50-yr-old @entity1 lenses. During the Western blot analyses, the antiserum exhibited specific immuno-reaction with alpha-crystallin and 20-kDa gamma-crystallin species and with degraded polypeptides among various @entity1 lens crystallins tested. Similarly, when the self-aggregated degraded polypeptides of @entity12360 and WI-US fractions were reacted with the antiserum, several polymeric proteins of increasing Mrs were observed. In addition, when the heavy molecular weight (HMW) proteins from @entity12360 proteins and the total WI proteins of lenses of various ages were probed with the antiserum, several polymeric proteins, similar to the in vitro self-aggregated polymers of degraded polypeptides as previously described, were seen. Such polymers were in relatively lower quantities in the total @entity12360 proteins of lenses of various ages. These results suggest an apparent age-related polymerization of degraded polypeptides into HMW proteins leading to their insolubilization.

title: Age-related increase in concentration and aggregation of degraded polypeptides in XXXX lenses.

entities_list: @entity12360 :: ('MESH:C565532', 'Disease') :: ['WS', 'water-soluble']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: The objective of this study was to elucidate the incidence and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTS) in @entity1 with @entity4097 . METHODS: Urinary questionnaire and urodynamic studies were done in 76 @entity1 with @entity4097 . RESULTS: The @entity1 included 56 with cervical-thoracic (C1 to @entity3138 ) and 20 with @entity5 . The @entity5 consisted of 12 epiconus/conus medullaris (below @entity3138 ) and 8 cauda equina @entity5 . These @entity5 were further subdivided into intramedullary, intradural extramedullary, and dumbbell-type. More than 83% of the @entity1 had urinary symptoms. @entity1 with cervical-thoracic @entity5 commonly had voiding symptoms (75%). @entity427 (39%), and @entity4894 on voiding (21%) were the main urodynamic features. @entity1 with epiconus/ @entity5 commonly had voiding symptoms as well (58%), but decreased urge to void (50%), detrusor-sphincter @entity2055 (42%), and @entity4894 on voiding (32%) were the main features. @entity1 with cauda equina @entity5 commonly had storage symptoms (88%), of which sensory urgency was most common (63%). Severe LUTS occurred in the epiconus/ @entity5 and in the @entity5 . These dysfunctions tended to appear late and rarely appeared as the initial symptom in the course of the disease. There was no significant relationship between @entity16 and LUTS. Urodynamics showed that @entity4097 cause a variety of LUTS, depending on the location and the type of the @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity4097 are commonly accompanied by LUTS. Clinical and urodynamic evaluation is crucial to diagnosis and management since there is little relationship between symptoms and findings.

title: Lower urinary tract dysfunctions in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor areflexia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lumbosacral tumors', 'conus medullaris tumors', 'intramedullary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord tumors', 'spinal cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['Detrusor hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dyssynergia']

answer: @entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['spinal cord tumors']


abstract: AIMS: The objective of this study was to elucidate the incidence and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTS) in @entity1 with @entity4097 . METHODS: Urinary questionnaire and urodynamic studies were done in 76 @entity1 with @entity4097 . RESULTS: The @entity1 included 56 with cervical-thoracic (C1 to @entity3138 ) and 20 with @entity5 . The @entity5 consisted of 12 epiconus/conus medullaris (below @entity3138 ) and 8 cauda equina @entity5 . These @entity5 were further subdivided into intramedullary, intradural extramedullary, and dumbbell-type. More than 83% of the @entity1 had urinary symptoms. @entity1 with cervical-thoracic @entity5 commonly had voiding symptoms (75%). @entity427 (39%), and @entity4894 on voiding (21%) were the main urodynamic features. @entity1 with epiconus/ @entity5 commonly had voiding symptoms as well (58%), but decreased urge to void (50%), detrusor-sphincter @entity2055 (42%), and @entity4894 on voiding (32%) were the main features. @entity1 with cauda equina @entity5 commonly had storage symptoms (88%), of which sensory urgency was most common (63%). Severe LUTS occurred in the epiconus/ @entity5 and in the @entity5 . These dysfunctions tended to appear late and rarely appeared as the initial symptom in the course of the disease. There was no significant relationship between @entity16 and LUTS. Urodynamics showed that @entity4097 cause a variety of LUTS, depending on the location and the type of the @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity4097 are commonly accompanied by LUTS. Clinical and urodynamic evaluation is crucial to diagnosis and management since there is little relationship between symptoms and findings.

title: Lower urinary tract dysfunctions in XXXX with @entity4097 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of composite grinding dusts on @entity35 respiratory system. METHODS: @entity35 were administrated with grinding dusts by intratracheal injection. After 2 weeks, the total numbers of cells, the percentage of differential cell, the survival rate of cell, and the activity of @entity880 dehydrogenase(LDH) and alkaline phosphatase( @entity6032 ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were analyzed. RESULTS: Along with increasing concentration of grinding dusts, the total number of cells in lavage also increased, and was more than that in @entity3674 group. Compared with control group, the percentage of neutrophil in lavage of @entity35 treated with grinding dust and @entity3674 significantly increased and meanwhile that of macrophage significantly decreased[PMN: @entity3674 group (33.83 +/- 4.54)%; grinding dusts group (26.50 +/- 3.99)%, (36.00 +/- 3.58)%, (38.00 +/- 2.10)% at 10, 25, 50 mg/ml respectively. Macrophages: @entity3674 group (62.17 +/- 4.54)%; grinding dusts group (70.83 +/- 3.66)%, (60.83 +/- 2.14)%, (58.17 +/- 2.48)%] while those in control group were (2.83 +/- 0.75)%, (95.67 +/- 1.21)% respectively. The cell survival rate in lavage in control group was 80%, but that in grinding dust and @entity3759 group significantly decreased(P < 0.01). The activity of LDH and @entity6032 in all @entity35 treated with dusts obviously increased, and there was significant difference compared with control group(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was significant difference between grinding dust group and @entity3674 group, and between grinding dust group and @entity3759 group respectively. CONCLUSION: Metal grinding dust is very harmful to @entity35 's lung cells and may cause fibrogenesis in the lungs.

title: [Changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of XXXX exposed to metal grinding dusts].

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']