abstract: The activities of @entity3397 , @entity869 , @entity3400 , @entity3524 and @entity2756 alone and in combination against 130 isolates of @entity526 , group B streptococci and @entity5125 from @entity693 were assessed by using agar dilution, checkerboard and time-kill techniques. @entity3524 and @entity2756 were highly active against @entity526 and group B streptococci (MIC90 0.05-0.1 mg/1) but not active against List. monocytogenes. @entity3397 was more active than @entity869 and @entity3400 against group B streptococci (MIC90 0.1, 0.12 and 0.24 mg/l respectively) and @entity869 was the most active against List. monocytogenes (MIC90 0.6 mg/l). Every double @entity3405 combination was synergistic for 3-14% of @entity526 , 8-26% of group B streptococci and 67-100% of List. monocytogenes in the checkerboard titration. The @entity2756 combinations were less synergistic than the @entity3524 combinations. In time-kill evaluations using concentrations representative for cerebrospinal fluid, the killing kinetics of @entity526 were not influenced by any combination. A significant delay in killing of group B streptococci was observed with @entity3397 - @entity5898 and @entity869 - @entity5898 combinations. A significant increased killing of List. monocytogenes was observed with @entity3397 - @entity5898 combinations. The other combinations did not alter the killing kinetics of group B streptococci and List. monocytogenes.

title: Activity of @entity3524 and @entity2756 alone and in combination with penicillin, @entity869 and @entity3400 against XXXX pathogens.

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['neonatal meningitis']


abstract: The activities of @entity3397 , @entity869 , @entity3400 , @entity3524 and @entity2756 alone and in combination against 130 isolates of @entity526 , group B streptococci and @entity5125 from @entity693 were assessed by using agar dilution, checkerboard and time-kill techniques. @entity3524 and @entity2756 were highly active against @entity526 and group B streptococci (MIC90 0.05-0.1 mg/1) but not active against List. monocytogenes. @entity3397 was more active than @entity869 and @entity3400 against group B streptococci (MIC90 0.1, 0.12 and 0.24 mg/l respectively) and @entity869 was the most active against List. monocytogenes (MIC90 0.6 mg/l). Every double @entity3405 combination was synergistic for 3-14% of @entity526 , 8-26% of group B streptococci and 67-100% of List. monocytogenes in the checkerboard titration. The @entity2756 combinations were less synergistic than the @entity3524 combinations. In time-kill evaluations using concentrations representative for cerebrospinal fluid, the killing kinetics of @entity526 were not influenced by any combination. A significant delay in killing of group B streptococci was observed with @entity3397 - @entity5898 and @entity869 - @entity5898 combinations. A significant increased killing of List. monocytogenes was observed with @entity3397 - @entity5898 combinations. The other combinations did not alter the killing kinetics of group B streptococci and List. monocytogenes.

title: Activity of XXXX and @entity2756 alone and in combination with penicillin, @entity869 and @entity3400 against @entity693 pathogens.

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime', 'Cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin G', 'penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity3524 :: (MESH:D002439,Chemical) :: ['cefotaxime']


abstract: @entity235 , surgically implanted with a chronic @entity11541 , were chronically dosed with @entity33908 (32 mg/kg/day) in four divided doses to attain @entity33908 plasma levels comparable to those observed in @entity235 dependent on @entity3175 (60 mg/kg/day). The time course of @entity33908 abstinence was studied, beginning not less than 2 weeks after stabilization levels had been achieved. The abstinence syndrome observed after abrupt discontinuation of @entity33908 was similar to the @entity3175 abstinence syndrome but differed in several important aspects. In @entity3175 -dependent @entity235 , there was a short burst of @entity400 very early in withdrawal (approximately 1-2 hr after the last dose of @entity3175 ) that was not seen in @entity33908 -dependent @entity235 . Signs of abstinence such as @entity400 , hot foot walking and twitches and jerks were more frequently observed in @entity33908 -dependent @entity235 than in @entity3175 -dependent @entity235 as were decreases in food and water intake and in body weight. The overall intensity of abstinence, as measured by the @entity3175 Withdrawal Abstinence Scale, was greater in @entity33908 -dependent @entity235 than in @entity235 dependent on either @entity2934 or @entity3175 . Plasma levels of @entity33908 and @entity6720 were nearly equal in @entity235 dependent on @entity3175 or on @entity33908 and were 4 to 10 times greater than the plasma levels of @entity3175 or @entity2934 in @entity3175 - or @entity2934 -dependent @entity235 , respectively. Furthermore, the plasma levels of @entity33908 and @entity6720 declined much more slowly than the levels of @entity3175 and @entity2934 . These results suggest that physical @entity734 on @entity3175 is caused by the accumulation and actions of @entity33908 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX physical @entity734 in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam', 'diazepam']

entities_list: @entity33908 :: ('CHEBI:111762', 'Chemical') :: ['N-desmethyldiazepam']

entities_list: @entity6720 :: ('MESH:D010076', 'Chemical') :: ['oxazepam']

entities_list: @entity11541 :: ('MESH:D005747', 'Disease') :: ['gastric fistula']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity33908 :: (CHEBI:111762,Chemical) :: ['N-desmethyldiazepam']


abstract: @entity235 , surgically implanted with a chronic @entity11541 , were chronically dosed with @entity33908 (32 mg/kg/day) in four divided doses to attain @entity33908 plasma levels comparable to those observed in @entity235 dependent on @entity3175 (60 mg/kg/day). The time course of @entity33908 abstinence was studied, beginning not less than 2 weeks after stabilization levels had been achieved. The abstinence syndrome observed after abrupt discontinuation of @entity33908 was similar to the @entity3175 abstinence syndrome but differed in several important aspects. In @entity3175 -dependent @entity235 , there was a short burst of @entity400 very early in withdrawal (approximately 1-2 hr after the last dose of @entity3175 ) that was not seen in @entity33908 -dependent @entity235 . Signs of abstinence such as @entity400 , hot foot walking and twitches and jerks were more frequently observed in @entity33908 -dependent @entity235 than in @entity3175 -dependent @entity235 as were decreases in food and water intake and in body weight. The overall intensity of abstinence, as measured by the @entity3175 Withdrawal Abstinence Scale, was greater in @entity33908 -dependent @entity235 than in @entity235 dependent on either @entity2934 or @entity3175 . Plasma levels of @entity33908 and @entity6720 were nearly equal in @entity235 dependent on @entity3175 or on @entity33908 and were 4 to 10 times greater than the plasma levels of @entity3175 or @entity2934 in @entity3175 - or @entity2934 -dependent @entity235 , respectively. Furthermore, the plasma levels of @entity33908 and @entity6720 declined much more slowly than the levels of @entity3175 and @entity2934 . These results suggest that physical @entity734 on @entity3175 is caused by the accumulation and actions of @entity33908 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity33908 physical XXXX in @entity235 .

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: @entity235 , surgically implanted with a chronic @entity11541 , were chronically dosed with @entity33908 (32 mg/kg/day) in four divided doses to attain @entity33908 plasma levels comparable to those observed in @entity235 dependent on @entity3175 (60 mg/kg/day). The time course of @entity33908 abstinence was studied, beginning not less than 2 weeks after stabilization levels had been achieved. The abstinence syndrome observed after abrupt discontinuation of @entity33908 was similar to the @entity3175 abstinence syndrome but differed in several important aspects. In @entity3175 -dependent @entity235 , there was a short burst of @entity400 very early in withdrawal (approximately 1-2 hr after the last dose of @entity3175 ) that was not seen in @entity33908 -dependent @entity235 . Signs of abstinence such as @entity400 , hot foot walking and twitches and jerks were more frequently observed in @entity33908 -dependent @entity235 than in @entity3175 -dependent @entity235 as were decreases in food and water intake and in body weight. The overall intensity of abstinence, as measured by the @entity3175 Withdrawal Abstinence Scale, was greater in @entity33908 -dependent @entity235 than in @entity235 dependent on either @entity2934 or @entity3175 . Plasma levels of @entity33908 and @entity6720 were nearly equal in @entity235 dependent on @entity3175 or on @entity33908 and were 4 to 10 times greater than the plasma levels of @entity3175 or @entity2934 in @entity3175 - or @entity2934 -dependent @entity235 , respectively. Furthermore, the plasma levels of @entity33908 and @entity6720 declined much more slowly than the levels of @entity3175 and @entity2934 . These results suggest that physical @entity734 on @entity3175 is caused by the accumulation and actions of @entity33908 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity33908 physical @entity734 in XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity5 and its corresponding therapies are associated with @entity741 , the temporal relationship between @entity5 and the development of coronary artery @entity460 (CAC), a marker of subclinical @entity731 , is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 3122 @entity1 and @entity1 free of @entity65 and @entity5 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 trial, CAC scoring was performed at baseline (2000-2002) and at follow-up (2010-2012). Over this 10-year period, 85 @entity1 (age 63.6  8.3 years) and 50 @entity1 (age 62.1  9.8 years) were diagnosed with @entity5 (predominantly breast, lung, or uterine [52%] in @entity1 and prostate or colorectal [78%] in @entity1 ). The other 2987 subjects (age 59.6  9.2 years for @entity1 , 59.7  9.4 years for @entity1 ) remained @entity5 free. The incidence of new CAC (baseline Agatston score of zero converting to detectable CAC) was modeled with relative risk regression and compared for @entity5 versus no @entity5 . Increase in pre-existing CAC was compared in these groups using linear regression of log transformed CAC. The incidence of CAC was independently associated with @entity5 history (relative risk 1.32 [P=0.04] and 1.29 [P=0.01] for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively). In @entity1 with CAC at baseline, a clear difference of CAC progression was not observed between @entity5 and noncancer @entity1 (P=0.6 for @entity1 , P=0.2 for @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: A diagnosis of @entity5 is associated with the development of CAC even after accounting for @entity731 risk factors. However, in individuals with pre-existing CAC, it is not clear whether the presence of @entity5 accelerates CAC over time.

title: XXXX and Its Association With the Development of Coronary Artery Calcification: An Assessment From the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['increased ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity5 and its corresponding therapies are associated with @entity741 , the temporal relationship between @entity5 and the development of coronary artery @entity460 (CAC), a marker of subclinical @entity731 , is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 3122 @entity1 and @entity1 free of @entity65 and @entity5 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 trial, CAC scoring was performed at baseline (2000-2002) and at follow-up (2010-2012). Over this 10-year period, 85 @entity1 (age 63.6  8.3 years) and 50 @entity1 (age 62.1  9.8 years) were diagnosed with @entity5 (predominantly breast, lung, or uterine [52%] in @entity1 and prostate or colorectal [78%] in @entity1 ). The other 2987 subjects (age 59.6  9.2 years for @entity1 , 59.7  9.4 years for @entity1 ) remained @entity5 free. The incidence of new CAC (baseline Agatston score of zero converting to detectable CAC) was modeled with relative risk regression and compared for @entity5 versus no @entity5 . Increase in pre-existing CAC was compared in these groups using linear regression of log transformed CAC. The incidence of CAC was independently associated with @entity5 history (relative risk 1.32 [P=0.04] and 1.29 [P=0.01] for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively). In @entity1 with CAC at baseline, a clear difference of CAC progression was not observed between @entity5 and noncancer @entity1 (P=0.6 for @entity1 , P=0.2 for @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: A diagnosis of @entity5 is associated with the development of CAC even after accounting for @entity731 risk factors. However, in individuals with pre-existing CAC, it is not clear whether the presence of @entity5 accelerates CAC over time.

title: @entity5 and Its Association With the Development of Coronary Artery Calcification: An Assessment From the Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX .

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Forward genetic screens using Sleeping Beauty (SB) mobilized T2/Onc transposons have been used to identify @entity3337 ( @entity3337 ) associated with @entity5 formation. Recurrent sites of transposon insertion are commonly identified using Ligation Mediated PCR (LM-PCR). Here, we use RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data to directly identify transcriptional events mediated by T2/Onc. Surprisingly, the majority (~80%) of LM-PCR identified junction fragments do not lead to observable changes in RNA transcripts. However, in @entity3337 regions, direct transcriptional effects of transposon insertions are observed. We developed an automated method to systematically identify T2/Onc-genome RNA fusion sequences in RNA-seq data. RNA fusion based @entity3337 were identified corresponding to both DNA based @entity3337 ( @entity986 , @entity10005 , @entity13755 , @entity983 , @entity60735 and @entity52981 ) and additional regions strongly associated with @entity5 that were not observed by LM-PCR ( @entity517 , @entity584 , @entity461 , @entity6823 , @entity7991 , @entity59414 , @entity25087 and @entity48578 ). In addition to calculating recurrent @entity3337 , we also present complementary methods to identify potential driver events via determination of strongly supported fusions and fusions with large transcript level changes in the absence of multi- @entity5 recurrence. These methods independently identify @entity3337 regions, and also point to @entity5 -associated genes like @entity817 . We anticipate RNA-seq analyses of @entity5 from forward genetic screens will become an efficient tool to identify causal events.

title: RNA sequencing of Sleeping Beauty transposon-induced XXXX detect transposon-RNA fusions allowing precision analyses of forward @entity5 screens.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3337 :: ('MESH:D009371', 'Disease') :: ['Common Insertion Sites', 'CIS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Forward genetic screens using Sleeping Beauty (SB) mobilized T2/Onc transposons have been used to identify @entity3337 ( @entity3337 ) associated with @entity5 formation. Recurrent sites of transposon insertion are commonly identified using Ligation Mediated PCR (LM-PCR). Here, we use RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data to directly identify transcriptional events mediated by T2/Onc. Surprisingly, the majority (~80%) of LM-PCR identified junction fragments do not lead to observable changes in RNA transcripts. However, in @entity3337 regions, direct transcriptional effects of transposon insertions are observed. We developed an automated method to systematically identify T2/Onc-genome RNA fusion sequences in RNA-seq data. RNA fusion based @entity3337 were identified corresponding to both DNA based @entity3337 ( @entity986 , @entity10005 , @entity13755 , @entity983 , @entity60735 and @entity52981 ) and additional regions strongly associated with @entity5 that were not observed by LM-PCR ( @entity517 , @entity584 , @entity461 , @entity6823 , @entity7991 , @entity59414 , @entity25087 and @entity48578 ). In addition to calculating recurrent @entity3337 , we also present complementary methods to identify potential driver events via determination of strongly supported fusions and fusions with large transcript level changes in the absence of multi- @entity5 recurrence. These methods independently identify @entity3337 regions, and also point to @entity5 -associated genes like @entity817 . We anticipate RNA-seq analyses of @entity5 from forward genetic screens will become an efficient tool to identify causal events.

title: RNA sequencing of Sleeping Beauty transposon-induced @entity5 detect transposon-RNA fusions allowing precision analyses of forward XXXX screens.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['genetic cancer']


abstract: A 42-year-old @entity1 was transferred to our hospital for evaluation of @entity1168 with a complete @entity713 . Her pulse was 41 regular beats/min with blood pressure 166/92 mmHg. There were no @entity272 , @entity4 , or @entity3329 . The white blood cell count was 6300/mm3. The serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase was 21 IU and @entity908 phosphokinase was 34 IU. @entity1851 was negative. The level of serum @entity1289 was slightly increased at 25.8 IU/l/37.0 degrees C (normal range: 7-24.0). Chest radiography showed @entity712 with a cardiothoracic ratio of 54%. There was no bilateral @entity3329 or fibrous changes during her clinical course. The coronary arteries were completely normal angiographically. Left ventriculograms revealed slight hypokinesis and @entity384 (end-diastolic volume index of 112 ml/m2, ejection fraction of 53%). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was slightly abnormal at 16 mmHg. Two right and two left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies were performed. Right ventricular biopsy demonstrated @entity4 tissue and a slight mononuclear cell infiltration with little @entity82 . Left ventricular specimens showed an extensive area of @entity82 , with large, multinucleated giant cells with an @entity1053 and @entity32 without epithelioid cells. The less affected areas of another specimen showed mild @entity82 and degenerative myocytes with vacuolation, and some multinucleated myocytes without an @entity1053 were present. This case was diagnosed as @entity299 rather than @entity2401 . The @entity1 has been implanted with a permanent pacemaker.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX with multinucleated giant cells detected in biopsy specimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilatation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['asteroid body']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic giant cell myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['Myocarditis']


abstract: To test the effects of @entity935 receptor blockade on @entity6138 (BN)-induced behavioural changes, adult male @entity35 were administered @entity1768 (0.01, 0.025, 0.1, 0.25 mg/kg, IP) followed 30 min later by BN (1 micrograms in 5 microliter) or saline (5 microliter) intracerebroventricularly (ICV). Subsequent behavioural effects were monitored in chambers equipped with strategically located infrared beam grids, controlled by a microprocessor. The following behaviours were monitored: locomotor activity (distance traversed), floor activity (horizontal or lateral displacement) and rearing activity (frequency of vertical displacement extending 17.8 cm above the floor). At all but the highest dose (0.25 mg/kg, which suppressed floor activity), @entity1768 failed to significantly alter any of the behavioural parameters monitored. Whereas at doses of 0.025 or lower, @entity1768 failed to alter BN-induced behavioural output, at doses of 0.1 mg/kg or greater, it significantly blocked the behavioural effects BN. In the next experiment, @entity935 neurons of adult male @entity35 were lesioned using @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) (250 micrograms/10 microliter, ICV). The @entity2955 and sham-lesioned (control) @entity35 were administered BN (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 microgram, ICV) and their behaviour monitored. In the control animals, BN stimulated locomotor, floor and rearing activity in a dose-dependent manner. However, these behavioural effects of BN were markedly attenuated or absent in the @entity2955 -lesioned animals. These data further support our contention that centrally administered BN may mediate its behavioural effects, through the dopaminergic system(s).

title: Role of dopaminergic system(s) in mediation of the behavioural effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1768 :: ('MESH:D005476', 'Chemical') :: ['fluphenazine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['bombesin']

answer: @entity6138 :: (MESH:D001839,Chemical) :: ['bombesin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calcific @entity472 ( @entity8585 ) is a life-threatening disease with no medical therapy. The genetic architecture of @entity8585 remains elusive. This study combines genome-wide association studies, gene expression, and expression quantitative trait loci mapping in @entity1 valve tissues to identify susceptibility genes of @entity8585 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A meta-analysis was performed combining the results of 2 genome-wide association studies in 474 and 486 cases from Quebec City (Canada) and Paris (France), respectively. Corresponding controls consisted of 2988 and 1864 individuals with European ancestry from the database of genotypes and phenotypes. mRNA expression levels were evaluated in 9 calcified and 8 normal aortic valves by RNA sequencing. The results were integrated with valve expression quantitative trait loci data obtained from 22 @entity8585 @entity1 . Twenty-five single- @entity4334 polymorphisms had P<5*10(-6) in the genome-wide association studies meta-analysis. The @entity460 signaling pathway was the top gene set enriched for genes mapped to moderately @entity8585 -associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Genes in this pathway were found differentially expressed in valves with and without @entity8585 . Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in @entity8087 ( @entity8087 ), encoding an osteogenic transcription factor, demonstrated some association with @entity8585 (genome-wide association studies P=5.33*10(-5)). The mRNA expression levels of @entity8087 were upregulated in calcified valves and associated with eQTL-SNPs. @entity18128 encoding a subunit of a voltage-dependent @entity460 channel was upregulated in calcified valves. The eQTL-SNP with the most significant association with @entity8585 located in @entity18128 was associated with higher expression of the gene. CONCLUSIONS: This integrative genomic study confirmed the role of @entity8087 as a potential driver of @entity8585 and identified a new @entity8585 susceptibility gene, @entity18128 , belonging to the @entity460 signaling pathway.

title: @entity460 Signaling Pathway Genes XXXX and @entity18128 Are Associated With Calcific Aortic Valve Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8087 :: ('860', 'Gene') :: ['RUNX2', 'runt-related transcription factor 2']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

answer: @entity8087 :: (860,Gene) :: ['RUNX2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calcific @entity472 ( @entity8585 ) is a life-threatening disease with no medical therapy. The genetic architecture of @entity8585 remains elusive. This study combines genome-wide association studies, gene expression, and expression quantitative trait loci mapping in @entity1 valve tissues to identify susceptibility genes of @entity8585 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A meta-analysis was performed combining the results of 2 genome-wide association studies in 474 and 486 cases from Quebec City (Canada) and Paris (France), respectively. Corresponding controls consisted of 2988 and 1864 individuals with European ancestry from the database of genotypes and phenotypes. mRNA expression levels were evaluated in 9 calcified and 8 normal aortic valves by RNA sequencing. The results were integrated with valve expression quantitative trait loci data obtained from 22 @entity8585 @entity1 . Twenty-five single- @entity4334 polymorphisms had P<5*10(-6) in the genome-wide association studies meta-analysis. The @entity460 signaling pathway was the top gene set enriched for genes mapped to moderately @entity8585 -associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Genes in this pathway were found differentially expressed in valves with and without @entity8585 . Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in @entity8087 ( @entity8087 ), encoding an osteogenic transcription factor, demonstrated some association with @entity8585 (genome-wide association studies P=5.33*10(-5)). The mRNA expression levels of @entity8087 were upregulated in calcified valves and associated with eQTL-SNPs. @entity18128 encoding a subunit of a voltage-dependent @entity460 channel was upregulated in calcified valves. The eQTL-SNP with the most significant association with @entity8585 located in @entity18128 was associated with higher expression of the gene. CONCLUSIONS: This integrative genomic study confirmed the role of @entity8087 as a potential driver of @entity8585 and identified a new @entity8585 susceptibility gene, @entity18128 , belonging to the @entity460 signaling pathway.

title: XXXX Signaling Pathway Genes @entity8087 and @entity18128 Are Associated With Calcific Aortic Valve Disease.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calcific @entity472 ( @entity8585 ) is a life-threatening disease with no medical therapy. The genetic architecture of @entity8585 remains elusive. This study combines genome-wide association studies, gene expression, and expression quantitative trait loci mapping in @entity1 valve tissues to identify susceptibility genes of @entity8585 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A meta-analysis was performed combining the results of 2 genome-wide association studies in 474 and 486 cases from Quebec City (Canada) and Paris (France), respectively. Corresponding controls consisted of 2988 and 1864 individuals with European ancestry from the database of genotypes and phenotypes. mRNA expression levels were evaluated in 9 calcified and 8 normal aortic valves by RNA sequencing. The results were integrated with valve expression quantitative trait loci data obtained from 22 @entity8585 @entity1 . Twenty-five single- @entity4334 polymorphisms had P<5*10(-6) in the genome-wide association studies meta-analysis. The @entity460 signaling pathway was the top gene set enriched for genes mapped to moderately @entity8585 -associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Genes in this pathway were found differentially expressed in valves with and without @entity8585 . Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in @entity8087 ( @entity8087 ), encoding an osteogenic transcription factor, demonstrated some association with @entity8585 (genome-wide association studies P=5.33*10(-5)). The mRNA expression levels of @entity8087 were upregulated in calcified valves and associated with eQTL-SNPs. @entity18128 encoding a subunit of a voltage-dependent @entity460 channel was upregulated in calcified valves. The eQTL-SNP with the most significant association with @entity8585 located in @entity18128 was associated with higher expression of the gene. CONCLUSIONS: This integrative genomic study confirmed the role of @entity8087 as a potential driver of @entity8585 and identified a new @entity8585 susceptibility gene, @entity18128 , belonging to the @entity460 signaling pathway.

title: @entity460 Signaling Pathway Genes @entity8087 and XXXX Are Associated With Calcific Aortic Valve Disease.

answer: @entity18128 :: (775,Gene) :: ['CACNA1C']


abstract: The literature on incarceration in @entity2914 in adults is rather limited. Our purpose is to present two cases of this lesion that were treated surgically in the past ten years. The first @entity1 , a 32 year old female was admitted in shock with an 8h history of left @entity662 and dyspnoea. Chest X-ray showed a @entity1143 in the left hemithorax. Chest tube drainage revealed gastric fluid. We operated on her immediately, through a left thoracotomy, and found @entity397 of the stomach into the left @entity1143 . Strangulation of the fundus of the stomach due to @entity2914 , Bochdalek's type, was found to be the cause of the @entity397 . We performed resection of the gangrenous segment of the stomach with primary closure. The second @entity1 a 48 year old @entity1 was admitted with symptoms of @entity1744 . Per os gastrographin study showed the splenic flexure herniated into the left hemithorax. At the operation, through a paramedian left incision, the herniated large bowel was reduced back into the abdomen. In both cases the defect of the left hemidiaphragm was sutured with interrupted silk sutures. Both @entity1 had an uneventful postoperative course. The diagnosis of @entity2914 in the adult is usually made in case of complications, and that demands an immediate surgical repair.

title: Complications of XXXX in the adult. Report of two cases and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'Bochdalek hernias', 'Bochdalek hernia']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['large bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: The aim of this study was to gain experience regarding the efficacy and safety of @entity4444 400 mg nightly for the long-term maintenance treatment of peptic @entity1066 three years. The trial was carried out in 44 centres in 12 countries. 1988 @entity1 with endoscopically-proven peptic ulceration initially underwent an acute treatment over 6-12 weeks (open study) with 1000 mg @entity4444 -the dosage could be increased to 1600 mg daily if necessary. After 6 weeks, 81% of @entity1 had healed @entity1066 and the cumulative healing rate after 12 weeks rose to 95%. The statistical analysis of the subsequent long-term maintenance treatment was based on data from 1726 @entity1 (82% with healed pyloric or duodenal @entity1066 ; 16% with ulcus ventriculi and 2% with @entity1066 subsequent to stomach surgery) who received 400 mg @entity4444 nightly over 3 years. Based on life-table analysis, @entity1 who received 400 mg @entity4444 nightly during the entire length of the study showed relapse rates of 25%, 36% and 45% after 1, 2 and 3 years respectively. The effect of various prognostic factors on the ulcer relapse rate was examined. @entity1 who smoked or who were younger than 50 years suffered significantly more relapses and @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 also relapsed more frequently. After the open-design long-term maintenance treatment study had been continued over 2 years, one-fifth of the @entity1 who had remained relapse-free were randomly assigned to placebo for one year. In the 3rd year, 36% in the placebo group and 16% of the @entity1 who had continued with @entity4444 had relapsed. This difference is statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long term XXXX therapy for the prevention of recurring peptic ulcer: a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity4444 :: (MESH:D002927,Chemical) :: ['cimetidine']


abstract: To establish the effects of a meal on portal venous flow and the prognostic value of this parameter, 46 @entity1 with @entity409 and 28 healthy subjects were examined with duplex Doppler before and after a meal. The measurements were completed in 40 @entity1 and 21 healthy subjects. Postprandial portal venous diameter, blood velocity and quantitative flow were measured for 60 min. Mean baseline values were: 11.4 mm versus 10.2 mm (p = 0.019), 10.8 cm.s-1 versus 13.4 cm.s-1 (p = 0.015) and 668 ml. @entity1009 versus 646 ml. @entity1009 (p = 0.7) respectively. Spleen size was 15.0 cm versus 10.6 cm (p = 0.0001) respectively. Postprandial diameter, velocity and flow increased significantly in @entity1 and controls (p = 0.0001 for all). Mean postprandial flow could best be described by a polynomial equation with a parabolic curve. @entity1 ' curves were more blunted than controls', with significantly different regression constants (p = 0.025 and p = 0.029). All subjects were followed up for survival and variceal @entity548 . The mean follow-up time was 47 months. Early maximum postprandial velocity (p = 0.041) and large spleen size (p = 0.002) were significantly related to an unfavourable prognosis for survival. Early maximum velocity was also related to @entity548 . This study shows that postprandial portal venous flow is blunted in @entity1 with @entity409 . Postprandial portal venous flow may have prognostic significance.

title: Blunted postprandial reaction of portal venous flow in XXXX , assessed with duplex Doppler: significance for prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'increased variceal haemorrhage']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['chronic liver disease']


abstract: Regulation of the closely linked endogenous @entity742 @entity73343 , MT-Ib, @entity73344 and @entity41771 genes by heavy metals and @entity619 was studied in cultured @entity742 fibroblasts. Only @entity41771 mRNA was detectable before addition of any inducer. Addition of @entity920 , @entity219 or @entity3409 salts to the culture medium increased the level of each mRNA; however, the magnitude of this response varied greatly between the four metallothionein genes. Following induction, levels of @entity73343 mRNA were the highest, followed by @entity41771 and @entity73344 mRNAs. The MT-Ib mRNA was only present at low levels. @entity219 and @entity3409 were found to be the most effective inducers of each gene. The maximal response of the sMT-Ia, Ib and II genes to @entity920 was only 30% of @entity219 and @entity3409 . The sMT-Ic gene responded very weakly to @entity920 , less than 5% of the levels achieved with @entity219 . Only the @entity41771 mRNA increased in response to @entity619 . In the liver of @entity742 on normal diets, the levels of @entity73343 , Ic and II mRNAs were found to be unexpectedly high and comparable to induced levels in fibroblasts.

title: Differential expression of four linked XXXX metallothionein genes.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: The effect of a selective @entity2871 (TX) synthetase inhibitor ( @entity17756 ), alone and in combination with a very low dose of @entity117 , on the platelet function was studied in healthy and diseased subjects. A single dose of 100 mg @entity17756 was orally administered to @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity66 ) and healthy volunteers. TXB2 generation and @entity1423 were measured before and at 1, 4, 6 and 8hr after dosing. In addition, after the administration of a very low dose of @entity117 (0.1-0.25 mg/kg/day) for at least one month, a single dose of @entity17756 was given to @entity66 @entity1 . TXB2 generation and @entity1423 were measured in the same manner as @entity17756 alone. The effect of @entity17756 on @entity1423 induced by @entity1426 (AA) was different in each subject whereas platelet TXB2 generation was almost completely inhibited in all of the @entity1 and healthy volunteers. @entity17756 had a slight inhibitory effect on collagen induced aggregation. A combination of @entity17756 with a very low dose of @entity117 , on the other hand, produced additional inhibition of the @entity1423 induced by both AA and collagen. The present results suggest that the accumulation and metabolism of cyclooxygenase products that accumulate when TX synthetase is blocked, differ in each subject, additional inhibition is caused by the combined use of TX synthetase inhibitor and a very low dose of @entity117 because the very low dose of @entity117 partially reduces the proaggregatory cyclooxygenase products that accumulate when TX synthetase is blocked.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A new approach to antithrombotic therapy--evaluation of combined therapy of @entity2871 synthetase inhibitor and very low dose of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: The effect of a selective @entity2871 (TX) synthetase inhibitor ( @entity17756 ), alone and in combination with a very low dose of @entity117 , on the platelet function was studied in healthy and diseased subjects. A single dose of 100 mg @entity17756 was orally administered to @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity66 ) and healthy volunteers. TXB2 generation and @entity1423 were measured before and at 1, 4, 6 and 8hr after dosing. In addition, after the administration of a very low dose of @entity117 (0.1-0.25 mg/kg/day) for at least one month, a single dose of @entity17756 was given to @entity66 @entity1 . TXB2 generation and @entity1423 were measured in the same manner as @entity17756 alone. The effect of @entity17756 on @entity1423 induced by @entity1426 (AA) was different in each subject whereas platelet TXB2 generation was almost completely inhibited in all of the @entity1 and healthy volunteers. @entity17756 had a slight inhibitory effect on collagen induced aggregation. A combination of @entity17756 with a very low dose of @entity117 , on the other hand, produced additional inhibition of the @entity1423 induced by both AA and collagen. The present results suggest that the accumulation and metabolism of cyclooxygenase products that accumulate when TX synthetase is blocked, differ in each subject, additional inhibition is caused by the combined use of TX synthetase inhibitor and a very low dose of @entity117 because the very low dose of @entity117 partially reduces the proaggregatory cyclooxygenase products that accumulate when TX synthetase is blocked.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A new approach to antithrombotic therapy--evaluation of combined therapy of XXXX synthetase inhibitor and very low dose of @entity117 .

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the radiologic abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity262 onset @entity309 (SOJRA) including abnormalities occurring early in the course of disease. METHODS: A retrospective review of the charts and radiographs of 42 consecutive @entity1 with SOJRA was carried out. Radiographs were reviewed by a single experienced radiologist with no knowledge of the clinical course of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Soft tissue swelling and @entity170 were the most common radiologic abnormalities (34/42; 81%). @entity604 were also common, occurring in 50% of @entity1 . @entity2681 occurred within 2 years of disease onset in 11/36 (31%). @entity2001 and @entity1463 within 2 years of disease onset preceded @entity2681 in 11 @entity1 with serial radiographs. Severe radiologic abnormalities included joint @entity3947 (8/42; 19%), subluxation (9/42; 21%), and protrusio acetabuli (4/42; 10%). Joint @entity3947 occurred most commonly between 3 and 5 years after disease onset and subluxation between 2 and 6 years. CONCLUSION: A subgroup of @entity1 with SOJRA develops early destructive radiologic changes whose severity is comparable to those of @entity1 with @entity4932 . Early subchondral changes may be predictive of subsequent erosive disease in SOJRA and require prospective study using newer imaging techniques.

title: Radiologic features of XXXX onset @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['Erosions', 'erosions']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Cartilage loss and/or bone erosions']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['Subchondral irregularity']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid factor positive polyarticular JRA']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['systemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the radiologic abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity262 onset @entity309 (SOJRA) including abnormalities occurring early in the course of disease. METHODS: A retrospective review of the charts and radiographs of 42 consecutive @entity1 with SOJRA was carried out. Radiographs were reviewed by a single experienced radiologist with no knowledge of the clinical course of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Soft tissue swelling and @entity170 were the most common radiologic abnormalities (34/42; 81%). @entity604 were also common, occurring in 50% of @entity1 . @entity2681 occurred within 2 years of disease onset in 11/36 (31%). @entity2001 and @entity1463 within 2 years of disease onset preceded @entity2681 in 11 @entity1 with serial radiographs. Severe radiologic abnormalities included joint @entity3947 (8/42; 19%), subluxation (9/42; 21%), and protrusio acetabuli (4/42; 10%). Joint @entity3947 occurred most commonly between 3 and 5 years after disease onset and subluxation between 2 and 6 years. CONCLUSION: A subgroup of @entity1 with SOJRA develops early destructive radiologic changes whose severity is comparable to those of @entity1 with @entity4932 . Early subchondral changes may be predictive of subsequent erosive disease in SOJRA and require prospective study using newer imaging techniques.

title: Radiologic features of @entity262 onset XXXX .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity8191 and @entity13420 are injected during endoscopic sclerotherapy to control variceal @entity548 . When administered to @entity742 they cause transient @entity120 and increase protein poor lung lymph flow. To determine the etiology of these alterations, we studied three groups of @entity742 after establishing acute lung lymph fistulas. In Group 1, @entity3352 or @entity5018 was infused. In Group 2, 2.5 cc of @entity8191 was injected alone (2A) or after @entity3352 or @entity5018 pretreatment (2B). In Group 3, 2.5 cc of @entity13420 was given intravenously either alone (3A) or after @entity3352 or @entity5018 (3B). When sclerosing agents were given alone (Group 2A and 3A) pulmonary artery pressures increased three-fold at 30 seconds postinjection to 37 +/- 4.4 and 39 +/- 5.7 mmHg respectively with a slow return to baseline over two hours. Lymph flow increased significantly from 1.3 +/- 1.5 to 2.7 +/- 1.5 cc/30 minutes after @entity8191 and from 1.2 +/- .62 to 2.7 +/- 1.7 cc/30 mins at 30 minutes after @entity13420 and the lymph/plasma albumin ratio fell. Increased lymph flow persisted through 120 minutes. In those animals receiving a sclerosing agent after @entity3352 or @entity5018 (2B and 3B) there was no change in pulmonary artery pressure, lymph flow, lymph plasma albumin ratio, or lung wet weight to dry weight ratios. We conclude that the @entity120 and increased protein poor lymph flow are mediated by @entity2918 .

title: The XXXX of sclerosing agents is prevented by cyclooxygenase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity13420 :: ('MESH:D012981', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium tetradecylsulfate']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity8191 :: ('MESH:D012976', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium morrhuate', 'sodium morrhuate']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: Pressure activity in the rectum and anal canal was measured with a multilumen probe in 29 @entity1 with @entity31 (12 active, 11 quiescent, six studied during both phases) and 18 normal controls under resting conditions and during rectal infusion of saline. Resting motor activity was significantly decreased in @entity1 with @entity1960 compared with quiescent @entity1960 (p less than 0.005) and normal controls (p less than 0.001). Forty per cent of active colitics showed a featureless record compared with only one @entity1 with quiescent @entity1960 and one normal subject. The volume of saline infused before leakage occurred, and the total volume retained were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in @entity1 with active and quiescent @entity1960 compared with normal controls. Rectal infusion of saline provoked regular rectal contractions, of significantly higher (p less than 0.05) amplitude in @entity1 with @entity1960 , than in quiescent @entity1960 or controls. These rectal contractions were associated with simultaneous anal relaxations. During saline infusion, peak and pressures were lower in @entity1 with @entity31 than in normal subjects, but there were no significant differences in relaxation pressures. In normal subjects, the rectal pressures remained below the anal pressures throughout the saline infusion. Peak rectal pressures exceeded the anal relaxation pressures during the last five minutes of saline infusion in @entity1 with @entity31 and throughout the infusion in those @entity1 who complained of @entity322 . Results suggest that although the resting rectal motor activity is diminished in @entity1 with @entity31 , luminal distension causes the inflamed rectum to generate abnormally strong contractions that may threaten continence.

title: Anorectal contractility under basal conditions and during rectal infusion of saline in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'active colitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Evidence suggests that @entity528 may ultimately be the result of excessive intracellular @entity460 accumulation. In principle, abnormal @entity460 concentrations during @entity63 are derived from three main sources: exaggerated influx via (a) voltage-operated channels, (b) receptor-controlled channels (f. ex. @entity143 ) and (c) the release of intracellular @entity460 ion stores. Previous studies using either @entity460 channel blockers or @entity143 antagonists have demonstrated only limited protective effects of these agents in global transient @entity2806 , whereas little or no attention has been paid to the @entity460 sources listed under (c). @entity592 has been shown to block the increase in free intracellular @entity460 ion stimulated by either @entity143 or @entity2227 . Thus we postulated that @entity592 might improve neuronal survival in vulnerable regions to @entity63 such as the @entity1249 hippocampus. Male @entity35 (300 approximately 400 g) were prepared for a four-vessel occlusion model of @entity2806 . @entity2806 was induced by snaring the carotid arteries for 15 mins and maintaining mean arterial pressure at 80 mmHg. Strict attention was paid to keep normal blood gas values. Following @entity63 @entity1508 anesthesia was discontinued, and @entity35 were extubated and when stable transferred to cages with free access to water and food. @entity35 survived for 7 days under close supervision, after which they were anesthetized with @entity4485 and perfused transcardially with 4% @entity1604 / @entity10457 buffer. The brain was removed and placed in fresh fixatives for another 7 days, after which 40 microns sections were cut and @entity575 -stained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effects of XXXX on histological and behavioral outcome in @entity35 @entity1249 hippocampus after global transient @entity2806 ].

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Complete cerebral ischemia', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity592 :: ('MESH:D003620', 'Chemical') :: ['dantrolene', 'Dantrolene']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic neuronal necrosis']

answer: @entity592 :: (MESH:D003620,Chemical) :: ['dantrolene']


abstract: Evidence suggests that @entity528 may ultimately be the result of excessive intracellular @entity460 accumulation. In principle, abnormal @entity460 concentrations during @entity63 are derived from three main sources: exaggerated influx via (a) voltage-operated channels, (b) receptor-controlled channels (f. ex. @entity143 ) and (c) the release of intracellular @entity460 ion stores. Previous studies using either @entity460 channel blockers or @entity143 antagonists have demonstrated only limited protective effects of these agents in global transient @entity2806 , whereas little or no attention has been paid to the @entity460 sources listed under (c). @entity592 has been shown to block the increase in free intracellular @entity460 ion stimulated by either @entity143 or @entity2227 . Thus we postulated that @entity592 might improve neuronal survival in vulnerable regions to @entity63 such as the @entity1249 hippocampus. Male @entity35 (300 approximately 400 g) were prepared for a four-vessel occlusion model of @entity2806 . @entity2806 was induced by snaring the carotid arteries for 15 mins and maintaining mean arterial pressure at 80 mmHg. Strict attention was paid to keep normal blood gas values. Following @entity63 @entity1508 anesthesia was discontinued, and @entity35 were extubated and when stable transferred to cages with free access to water and food. @entity35 survived for 7 days under close supervision, after which they were anesthetized with @entity4485 and perfused transcardially with 4% @entity1604 / @entity10457 buffer. The brain was removed and placed in fresh fixatives for another 7 days, after which 40 microns sections were cut and @entity575 -stained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effects of @entity592 on histological and behavioral outcome in @entity35 @entity1249 hippocampus after global transient XXXX ].

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: Evidence suggests that @entity528 may ultimately be the result of excessive intracellular @entity460 accumulation. In principle, abnormal @entity460 concentrations during @entity63 are derived from three main sources: exaggerated influx via (a) voltage-operated channels, (b) receptor-controlled channels (f. ex. @entity143 ) and (c) the release of intracellular @entity460 ion stores. Previous studies using either @entity460 channel blockers or @entity143 antagonists have demonstrated only limited protective effects of these agents in global transient @entity2806 , whereas little or no attention has been paid to the @entity460 sources listed under (c). @entity592 has been shown to block the increase in free intracellular @entity460 ion stimulated by either @entity143 or @entity2227 . Thus we postulated that @entity592 might improve neuronal survival in vulnerable regions to @entity63 such as the @entity1249 hippocampus. Male @entity35 (300 approximately 400 g) were prepared for a four-vessel occlusion model of @entity2806 . @entity2806 was induced by snaring the carotid arteries for 15 mins and maintaining mean arterial pressure at 80 mmHg. Strict attention was paid to keep normal blood gas values. Following @entity63 @entity1508 anesthesia was discontinued, and @entity35 were extubated and when stable transferred to cages with free access to water and food. @entity35 survived for 7 days under close supervision, after which they were anesthetized with @entity4485 and perfused transcardially with 4% @entity1604 / @entity10457 buffer. The brain was removed and placed in fresh fixatives for another 7 days, after which 40 microns sections were cut and @entity575 -stained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effects of @entity592 on histological and behavioral outcome in @entity35 XXXX hippocampus after global transient @entity2806 ].

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: Evidence suggests that @entity528 may ultimately be the result of excessive intracellular @entity460 accumulation. In principle, abnormal @entity460 concentrations during @entity63 are derived from three main sources: exaggerated influx via (a) voltage-operated channels, (b) receptor-controlled channels (f. ex. @entity143 ) and (c) the release of intracellular @entity460 ion stores. Previous studies using either @entity460 channel blockers or @entity143 antagonists have demonstrated only limited protective effects of these agents in global transient @entity2806 , whereas little or no attention has been paid to the @entity460 sources listed under (c). @entity592 has been shown to block the increase in free intracellular @entity460 ion stimulated by either @entity143 or @entity2227 . Thus we postulated that @entity592 might improve neuronal survival in vulnerable regions to @entity63 such as the @entity1249 hippocampus. Male @entity35 (300 approximately 400 g) were prepared for a four-vessel occlusion model of @entity2806 . @entity2806 was induced by snaring the carotid arteries for 15 mins and maintaining mean arterial pressure at 80 mmHg. Strict attention was paid to keep normal blood gas values. Following @entity63 @entity1508 anesthesia was discontinued, and @entity35 were extubated and when stable transferred to cages with free access to water and food. @entity35 survived for 7 days under close supervision, after which they were anesthetized with @entity4485 and perfused transcardially with 4% @entity1604 / @entity10457 buffer. The brain was removed and placed in fresh fixatives for another 7 days, after which 40 microns sections were cut and @entity575 -stained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effects of @entity592 on histological and behavioral outcome in XXXX @entity1249 hippocampus after global transient @entity2806 ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Epstein's triad which is a syndrome with the combination of @entity13836 , @entity2319 and @entity1310 , is similar to @entity3686 . We report on a case of @entity16611 and describe the results of morphological examination of a renal biopsy, specimen. The @entity1 was a 14-year-old @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity3039 that had preseated from the age of 3 years. She was referred to Daisan Hospital of the Jikei University School of Medicine on April 1, 1991 for @entity882 . She had shown @entity1274 since the age of 6 years and her peripheral blood smear revealed giant platelets on admission. She was treated with interferon, @entity617 , and high-dose gamma-globulin (400 mg/day x 5 days). However, the platelet count did not increase, but @entity931 continued. She subsequently showed @entity644 and @entity811 . She underwent splenectomy and renal biopsy on August 12, 1992. The glomeruli appeared to be almost normal under light microscopy. The interstitium showed regional @entity82 containing foam cells and the renal tubuli showed mild @entity194 . Under electronmicroscopy, the basement membrane of the glomeruli was associated with mesangial interposition and the lamina densa was split into several layers. These ultrastructural findings were compatible with those of @entity3686 .

title: [A case report of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['refractory thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity13836 :: ('MESH:C564525', 'Disease') :: ['macrothrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ["Alport's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity16611 :: ('MESH:C535507', 'Disease') :: ['Epstein syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['hypermenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity16611 :: (MESH:C535507,Disease) :: ['Epstein syndrome']


abstract: The pathological assessment of the pulmonary vascular bed is essential for the diagnosis and management of @entity299 with @entity120 . To investigate the relationship between @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) findings and the Heath-Edwards (H.E.) grade of @entity1 pulmonary arteries, 40 pulmonary arterial segments from 17 autopsies and 5 @entity1 with @entity120 were evaluated using a high-frequency @entity5642 imaging system. Histological observations were carried out at the same sites that were examined with @entity5642 and at the distal pulmonary arterioles of the same branches. The subjects were subdivided into 3 groups-group I: 7 @entity1 with @entity120 (20 segments); group II: 10 @entity1 without @entity120 (20 segments); and group III: 5 @entity1 with @entity120 who were studied in vivo. All 20 segments from group I had a three-layered appearance, and 3 @entity1 with H.E. grade < 3 had an increased thickness of the echolucent zone due to media @entity1184 without an intimal reaction. In contrast, @entity5642 findings from @entity1 with severe @entity120 (H.E. grade > or = 3) showed an increased thickness with a bright inner layer due to intima @entity1373 . Evidence for @entity75 was defined in one @entity1 with severe @entity120 . The percentage of wall thickness derived from @entity5642 was significantly correlated with that determined by histological examination in group I. The pulmonary artery walls in group II had a one-layer appearance. Similar @entity5642 findings were obtained from the in vivo study regardless of whether @entity120 was present. These findings indicate that the @entity5642 may be an unique technique for evaluating the morphology of the pulmonary artery or arteriole in @entity120 and may provide objective and quantitative evaluation without a lung biopsy.

title: Wall morphology of the pulmonary artery-- XXXX imaging and pathological evaluations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['a plaque-like lesion']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['IVUS', 'intravascular ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity5642 :: (MESH:D004211,Disease) :: ['intravascular ultrasound']


abstract: A total of 234 @entity1 of @entity978 treated at 7 institutions from 1972 through 1985 were analyzed. Male to female ratio was 157: 77, mean age was 39.8 years, and overall 5- and 10-year survival were 67% and 56%, respectively. Of 126 @entity1 treated by radiotherapy with more than 36 Gy, alone or preceded to other treatments, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 84% and 80% for Stage I (43 @entity1 ), 79% and 69% for Stage II (71 pts.), and 52% and none for Stage III (12 pts.), respectively. Survival rate was better for LP, NS and MC histologies as compared to LD, better for @entity1 without constitutional symptoms, as compared to @entity1 with B, and better for @entity1 with ages younger than 59 years as compared to those with ages over 60 years. Relapse was observed in 57 out of 126 @entity1 . Relapse within the irradiation field was observed in only 4, and nodal areas outside the field, especially of abdomen (1/3), were the most common sites. Half of the relapses occurred within 20 months, and 80%, 40 months. Five-year survival of @entity1 after relapse to lower torso lymph nodes (19 @entity1 ) was 37%, which was worse than @entity1 after relapse to upper torso lymph nodes (15 @entity1 : 63%) (z = 1.507, N.S.).

title: [Results of the radiotherapy of XXXX (a JLRTG report). Japan Lymphoma Radiation Therapy Group].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: A 42-year-old @entity1 was referred to this institution because of persistent air leak associated with @entity5229 . She had undergone a radical hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy and left nephrectomy one year previously. The @entity703 was identified as an @entity359 . This, along with the characteristic dermal lesions led to the diagnosis of @entity2916 . Preoperative thin-slice chest CT showed multiple thin-walled, round and cystic air spaces in the @entity358 bilaterally, as well as the left pneumothorax. Through a left thoracotomy, suture ligation and laser ablation of the @entity358 was done. Examination of the biopsy specimen of the lung showed hamartoangiomyomatosis with @entity4530 . The proliferating smooth muscle in the walls of the bullae was positively stained by HMB45 monoclonal antibody. The @entity1 recovered uneventfully, and was doing well three years later without medications. The prior surgical castration may have prevented progression of the disease.

title: [ XXXX (lymphangiomyomatosis) in @entity2916 --a case in which clinical course had been modified by previous surgical intervention].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['left spontaneous pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['multiple bullae']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma', 'pulmonary bullae']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary hamartoangiomyomatosis']


abstract: A 42-year-old @entity1 was referred to this institution because of persistent air leak associated with @entity5229 . She had undergone a radical hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy and left nephrectomy one year previously. The @entity703 was identified as an @entity359 . This, along with the characteristic dermal lesions led to the diagnosis of @entity2916 . Preoperative thin-slice chest CT showed multiple thin-walled, round and cystic air spaces in the @entity358 bilaterally, as well as the left pneumothorax. Through a left thoracotomy, suture ligation and laser ablation of the @entity358 was done. Examination of the biopsy specimen of the lung showed hamartoangiomyomatosis with @entity4530 . The proliferating smooth muscle in the walls of the bullae was positively stained by HMB45 monoclonal antibody. The @entity1 recovered uneventfully, and was doing well three years later without medications. The prior surgical castration may have prevented progression of the disease.

title: [ @entity358 (lymphangiomyomatosis) in XXXX --a case in which clinical course had been modified by previous surgical intervention].

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: It has been reported that the two types of muscarinic receptors, "M1" and "M2", exist in the opossum lower esophageal sphincter. The presence of these muscarinic receptor subtypes had been confirmed with the discovery of the M1 selective antagonist, @entity4140 . But little is known about muscarinic receptor subtypes in gastric smooth muscle. The aim of this study was to identify the muscarinic receptor subtypes on the gastric smooth muscle responsible for the contraction of @entity35 gastric muscle strip. Also, we examined the mechanism of the action of @entity73345 on @entity35 gastric smooth muscle in vitro. The stimulation of M2 receptor caused the contraction of the gastric smooth muscle. @entity4138 , selective M1 agonist, caused weak contraction of the gastric smooth muscle, and this response was not affected by the selective M1 antagonist, @entity4140 . @entity73345 stimulated M2 receptor and caused the gastric smooth muscle contraction. We conclude that the contraction of the gastric smooth muscle is caused by the stimulation of the M2 receptor and this reaction was not affected by @entity1022 , suggesting the M2 receptor is located directly on the gastric smooth muscle. The weak contraction of the gastric smooth muscle caused by @entity4138 was not affected by the selective M1 antagonist, @entity4140 , suggesting that @entity4138 may not be a pure M1 selective agonist. The action of @entity73345 is supposed to stimulate the M2 receptor.

title: [Studies on the muscarine receptors in XXXX gastric smooth muscle].

entities_list: @entity73345 :: ('MESH:C020850', 'Chemical') :: ['Aclatonium napadisilate', 'aclatonium napadisilate']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In six male @entity1 with @entity1278 (a.n.) we describe the anamnestic data, the course of disease and progress in therapy. We also present the results of psychological testing and organic investigations. The mean weight loss at the time of first investigation at the clinic was 70% of ideal body weight. The mean time between first symptoms of a.n. and the first admission at the clinic was 19 months. The psychopathological status showed in all six @entity1 symptoms of obsessive, in two @entity1 additional of @entity146 . This finding is in contradiction to the result in 61 female @entity1 with a.n., where hysteriformic and @entity308 symptoms predominated (36). The follow up time reached from 18 to 84 months (mean 49 months). At the time of last control-investigation we found only one @entity1 restored to health, two @entity1 showed a positive progression. In two @entity1 the @entity146 situation was nearly unchanged, one @entity1 committed suicide. The three @entity1 without positive therapeutic effect were three times respectively six times at the inpatient department and discontinued two times or also three times the psychotherapy. In our experience the course of disease in male @entity1 with a.n. seems to be more serious and more resistant to therapy than in female @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX in male adolescents. I: Clinical findings].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'depressive behavior']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Anorexia nervosa']


abstract: A new cephem cefminox (CMNX, @entity7407 ) was used in the treatment of 22 cases of @entity1729 without taking into account background factors of @entity1 . The dosage was 2 to 4 g/day in 2 divided doses and the treatment was continued for a period 2 to 17 days. The breakdown of the diseases treated was; @entity55 in 7 cases, secondary lung abscess (rS3)+ @entity11294 in 1 case, chronic @entity3617 in 3 cases, @entity4595 in 10 cases and @entity7749 (suspected) in 1 case. The clinical results were rated as excellent in 7 cases, good in 11 cases, fair in 1 case and unknown in 3 cases, with an excellent rate of 36.8% and excellent+good rate of 94.7%. The causative organisms were identified in 10 cases and included @entity327 for 8 cases, @entity4005 sp. for 1 case and @entity794 for 1 case. The analysis of bacteriological study revealed disappearance of all of these organisms. However, in 3 out of 8 cases where @entity327 was isolated and in 1 case where @entity4005 sp. was isolated the changes of organisms to @entity796 were observed. As the adverse reactions, rashes developed in 1 case and moreover laboratory test results revealed elevation in transaminase in 3 cases. All of these symptoms were mild in nature and none of our cases experienced serious adverse reactions attributable to CMNX. From these results, we believe that CMNX is one of the useful drugs for the treatment of @entity1729 .

title: [Clinical study of cefminox in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity11294 :: ('MESH:D008878', 'Disease') :: ['middle lobe syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity7749 :: ('MESH:D008205', 'Disease') :: ['intrapulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosa']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: Acute in vitro histologic studies have shown that the pulsed @entity26730 excimer laser causes precise microablation without the surrounding thermal tissue injury associated with frequently used continuous-wave lasers such as the argon, @entity544 , and @entity3278 :yttrium aluminum garnet lasers. However, the in vivo healing response of artery wall to excimer laser injury is not known. Accordingly, a @entity26730 excimer laser (308 nm, 40 nsec pulse width, 39 mJ/mm2/pulse) was transmitted via a 600 micron fused @entity3440 fiber to create 420 craters of varying depths (30 to 270 micron) in 21 normal @entity235 femoral and carotid arteries. At 2 hours, 2 days, 10 days, and 42 days after excimer laser ablation, the artery segments were perfusion fixed in situ and analyzed by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. At 2 hours, craters were covered by a carpet of platelets and entrapped red blood cells. Fibrin and exposed collagen fibers were seen at the crater base. There was a sharp demarcation of the crater-artery wall interface without lateral laser tissue injury. At 2 days, adherent platelets persisted with @entity715 covering the base of the craters. Early healing responses were present, consisting of polymorphonucleated leukocytes and new endothelial cells, which extended over the crater rims. At 10 days, no thrombi were seen, and healing continued with almost complete reendothelialization. Macrophages, fibroblasts, fibrin, and entrapped red blood cells were present below the reendothelialized surface. At 42 days, healing was complete with obliteration of the craters by fibrointimal ingrowth. The surface was completely covered by a smooth monolayer of axially aligned endothelial cells. There were no @entity439 or surface @entity5072 responses. These favorable healing responses in normal @entity235 arteries suggest that pulsed lasers with high tissue absorption coefficients, such as the @entity26730 excimer laser, may be suitable energy sources for clinical laser angioplasty procedures. However, further studies in @entity731 animals are required before @entity1 clinical responses can be accurately predicted.

title: Early and late healing responses of normal XXXX artery to excimer laser irradiation.

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity26730 :: ('MESH:C048006', 'Chemical') :: ['xenon chloride']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) depend on the bone marrow (BM) niche for their maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation. The BM niche is composed of nonhematopoietic and mature hematopoietic cells, including megakaryocytes (Mks). @entity19181 ( @entity19181 ) is a crucial cytokine produced by BM niche cells. However, the cellular source of @entity19181 , upon which HSCs primarily depend, is unclear. Moreover, no specific molecular pathway for the regulation of @entity19181 production in the BM has been identified. Here, we demonstrate that the membrane protein @entity61049 ( @entity61049 ) mediates the production of @entity19181 and other factors in Mks. @entity19 conditionally deleted for @entity61049 in Mks ( @entity61049 (Mk  /  )) produced lower levels of @entity19181 in Mks. @entity61049 -deficient Mks showed down-regulation of @entity61049 -related signaling molecules @entity26511 , @entity73346 , and @entity73347 . Knockdown of these molecules in cultured Mks decreased expression of @entity19181 . @entity61049 (Mk  /  ) @entity19 exhibited reduced BM HSC quiescence and repopulation potential, along with extramedullary hematopoiesis. The low level of @entity19181 production may account for the decline in HSC potential in @entity61049 (Mk  /  ) @entity19 , as administration of recombinant @entity19181 to @entity61049 (Mk  /  ) @entity19 restored stem cell potential. Our study identifies @entity61049 signaling as a novel molecular mechanism mediating the production of @entity19181 and other factors for the maintenance of HSCs.

title: XXXX in megakaryocytes is critical for maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.

answer: @entity61049 :: (56760(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CLEC-2']


abstract: Recent anatomoclinical and neuroimaging studies have suggested a possible relation between @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) and some @entity75 , such as @entity75 , basal ganglia cavitations and local @entity413 @entity209 . A poor frontocaudal regulation of the left hemisphere and an @entity16 in @entity3119 @entity1 have been supposed. To absess these morphofunctional abnormalities, an electrophysiological approach has been performed in 100 consecutive @entity6004 @entity1 , screened with various neuropsychological tests and divided in two groups, 50 with @entity3119 and 50 with @entity11167 ( @entity11167 ). @entity1 were submitted to EEG spectral analysis and BAEP studies and comparated with 25 age-matched normal controls. The mean alpha power in occipital regions was significantly higher in @entity3119 @entity1 and reduced in @entity11167 @entity1 . A significant reduction of the beta activity was recorded in frontal regions in both @entity1 groups as compared to controls. A slight (p < 0.11) increase in I-V interpeak latency (IPL) vs. control group was observed in BAEP from left ear. A significant increase of the same IPL in @entity3119 vs. controls (p < 0.025) was observed in BAEP from right ear. A slight n.s. reduction in III wave amplitude in @entity3119 @entity1 was observed in BAEP from left ear, whereas a highly significant reduction in the same wave amplitude from BAEP from right ear was observed in @entity3119 @entity1 . The above findings cold be account for both a @entity409 with a probable involvement of serotoninergic central pathways, with a significant impairment of pontine segment in @entity11167 @entity1 and of mesencephalic region in @entity3119 @entity1 .

title: An electrophysiological study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11167 :: ('MESH:D009449', 'Disease') :: ['anxious neurosis', 'ANX']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontolenticular lesions', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal and brainstem dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolism impairment']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'obsessional compulsive disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessional compulsive disorders']


abstract: Our longitudinal studies of early postmenopausal @entity1 have shown that there are two characteristic groups. Approximately 35% lose significant amounts of bone mineral (the "fast losers"), whereas approximately 65% lose only a minor amount of bone mineral (the "normal losers"). The rate of @entity604 in postmenopausal @entity1 may be indirectly assessed by use of a number of biochemical markers. New markers have recently been developed, i.e., more specific and robust markers of both bone resorption and formation. The urinary concentration of degradation products of type I collagen and osteocalcin assays that are stable in serum may optimize the procedure to assess the rate of loss. We and others have shown that these markers correlate to the rate of @entity604 with fairly high r values. A prospective 12-year study revealed that the fast bone losers still had significantly higher bone turnover than the normal bone losers. The role of baseline bone mass and rate of loss on @entity174 risk was evaluated. The data showed that a low baseline bone mass (below -1 SD) and a fast rate of loss predisposed to @entity174 to the same extent with an odds ratio of approximately 2. A combination of a low baseline bone mass and a fast rate of loss increased the odds ratio of having a @entity174 . In conclusion, these data suggest that a low bone mass and a fast rate of @entity604 play equal roles for the future risk of @entity174 .

title: The role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: @entity753 is a @entity209 associated with high LDL levels attributed to a @entity154 in LDL receptor activity. We have previously shown that @entity5522 of WHHL @entity95 , considered to be a model for heritable @entity1007 , was at least partly of exogenous origin. We have though studied @entity6247 (RP) levels 12 h after a standardized mixed meal as a simple test to detect abnormalities of intestinal-derived lipoprotein clearance in 22 @entity753 @entity1 with @entity4741 (13 of them treated by @entity3413 , an @entity8444 inhibitor, and 9 not treated), as compared to a control group (n = 12). Total and LDL @entity165 , plasma @entity412 and apo B levels were significantly higher in @entity1 when compared to controls. Mean RP levels appeared higher in @entity753 @entity1 , when compared to controls, with 6 among 22 @entity1 showing clearly high @entity904 levels and 4 borderline values, whereas high @entity412 levels (> 2 g/l) were detected in only 1 @entity1 . No @entity1 within the group with high @entity904 levels showed an apo E2/E2 phenotype. @entity904 levels correlated with plasma @entity1674 in the whole group of subjects (r = 0.50, p < 0.05). No difference was observed in @entity904 distribution between treated and untreated @entity753 @entity1 . Our results indicate that the clearance of RP-labeled intestinal lipoproteins is delayed in some xanthomatous @entity753 @entity1 as compared with that of controls. These findings suggest that @entity753 may be heterogenous concerning physiopathological mechanisms inducing @entity407 .

title: XXXX : abnormal exogenous lipid metabolism evidenced by the @entity904 test.

entities_list: @entity6247 :: ('MESH:C014794', 'Chemical') :: ['retinyl palmitate']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['familial defect']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8444 :: ('3156', 'Gene') :: ['HMGCoA reductase']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemic', 'Familial xanthomatous hypercholesterolemia', 'hypercholesterolemic', 'familial xanthomatous hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'Vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity4741 :: ('MESH:D014973', 'Disease') :: ['xanthomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['Familial xanthomatous hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: @entity753 is a @entity209 associated with high LDL levels attributed to a @entity154 in LDL receptor activity. We have previously shown that @entity5522 of WHHL @entity95 , considered to be a model for heritable @entity1007 , was at least partly of exogenous origin. We have though studied @entity6247 (RP) levels 12 h after a standardized mixed meal as a simple test to detect abnormalities of intestinal-derived lipoprotein clearance in 22 @entity753 @entity1 with @entity4741 (13 of them treated by @entity3413 , an @entity8444 inhibitor, and 9 not treated), as compared to a control group (n = 12). Total and LDL @entity165 , plasma @entity412 and apo B levels were significantly higher in @entity1 when compared to controls. Mean RP levels appeared higher in @entity753 @entity1 , when compared to controls, with 6 among 22 @entity1 showing clearly high @entity904 levels and 4 borderline values, whereas high @entity412 levels (> 2 g/l) were detected in only 1 @entity1 . No @entity1 within the group with high @entity904 levels showed an apo E2/E2 phenotype. @entity904 levels correlated with plasma @entity1674 in the whole group of subjects (r = 0.50, p < 0.05). No difference was observed in @entity904 distribution between treated and untreated @entity753 @entity1 . Our results indicate that the clearance of RP-labeled intestinal lipoproteins is delayed in some xanthomatous @entity753 @entity1 as compared with that of controls. These findings suggest that @entity753 may be heterogenous concerning physiopathological mechanisms inducing @entity407 .

title: @entity753 : abnormal exogenous lipid metabolism evidenced by the XXXX test.

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['vitamin A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether rates of amputation and leg-sparing surgery for @entity1095 of the lower extremities differ between African-American and white @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using Medicare claims data for 1989 and 1990. SETTING: A total of 3313 hospitals in the United States. @entity1 : Random sample of 19,236 Medicare Part A enrollees who underwent amputation and/or leg-sparing surgery for @entity1095 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted odds of toe and/or foot amputation, below-knee amputation, above-knee amputation, lower extremity arterial vascularization, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for African American relative to whites, controlling for case-mix, region, and hospital characteristics. RESULTS: African-American @entity1 were significantly more likely than white @entity1 to undergo above-knee, below-knee, and toe and/or foot amputation and significantly less likely to undergo lower-extremity arterial revascularization and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. These associations occurred for @entity6 @entity1 and @entity7964 @entity1 but were more pronounced among @entity1 who did not have @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Potential explanations include unmeasured factors such as severity of disease and the technical expertise available at hospitals or other factors such as lack of compliance with medical treatment and race-specific treatment decisions by providers. Whatever the cause, interventions aimed toward reducing the number of amputations among African Americans are needed. Further work is required to determine where such interventions should be targeted.

title: The influence of race on the use of surgical procedures for treatment of XXXX of the lower extremities.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7964 :: ('OMIM:612551', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic']

answer: @entity1095 :: (MESH:D016491,Disease) :: ['peripheral vascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study used a semiautomated image analysis technique to quantify the rate and regional pattern of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume changes in the computed tomographic brain examinations of healthy adults and @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). DESIGN: Longitudinal, within-subject design, with statistical correction for longitudinal method error (eg, head repositioning effects). SETTING: Palo Alto ( @entity2948 ) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. @entity1 AND OTHER @entity1 : The 41 @entity1 with @entity195 were recruited from the Geriatric Psychiatry Research Unit and the National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Research Center of the Palo Alto Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The 35 healthy control subjects were recruited from the local community. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cerebrospinal fluid volumes estimated from computed tomographic scans. RESULTS: Even after accounting for an estimate of method error (eg, head positioning effects) across computed tomographic examinations, the @entity1 with @entity195 showed greater annual CSF volume increases than did the control group. This CSF volume enlargement was not uniform across brain regions of interest; rather, the @entity1 with @entity195 showed disproportionate volume increases in the ventricular system and the sylvian fissures. Greater CSF volume changes in the @entity1 with @entity195 were significantly associated with greater @entity73 on the Mini-Mental State Examination. Furthermore, younger @entity1 with @entity195 showed more rapid progression on computed tomographic scans than did older @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The rate of CSF volume enlargement is region specific, with the most marked annual rate of change occurring in the ventricular system and the sylvian fissures. In addition, younger @entity1 show more rapid progression in the @entity2504 regions of interest than do older @entity1 .

title: Longitudinal volumetric computed tomographic analysis of regional brain changes in normal aging and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular and frontal sulcal brain']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: @entity1223 (CO) is the leading toxic cause of @entity204 in the United States today. Unsuspected exposure to this gas will sometimes result in clinically significant, but undiagnosed, @entity137 . A high incidence of such unsuspected exposures would make screening for these worthwhile among high-risk populations. We conducted a two-part study to determine the value of screening for unsuspected CO exposure in a population of @entity1 presenting to an emergency department. The first part of our study involved the prospective screening of @entity2613 @entity1 using CO breath analysis, regardless of their chief complaint. In the second part, COHGB levels of all @entity1 who underwent arterial blood gas analysis during the study period were reviewed retrospectively. Of 1,038 @entity1 screened by this combined approach, only 29 (2.8%) had abnormal CO breath readings and/or COHGB levels. Of a condensed subgroup of 152 @entity1 defined retrospectively by chief complaint, eight (5.3%) had abnormal values. We conclude that routine screening of @entity2613 @entity1 for unsuspected CO exposure is not practical. Although yield increases when @entity1 are screened in a more selective manner on the basis of chief complaint, such an increase still does not appear to justify the screening process.

title: Emergency department screening for unsuspected XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon monoxide']

answer: @entity1223 :: (MESH:D002248,Chemical) :: ['carbon monoxide']


abstract: It is not possible to differentiate reliably between male idiopathic @entity1640 ( @entity1640 ) and severe @entity1175 ( @entity1050 ) on the basis of a standard @entity1176 bolus test (GBT) or other known endocrine or clinical parameters. Therefore, we studied the response of 17 hypogonadal @entity1 , 8 with a diagnosis of @entity1640 (age, 15.5-41; bone age, 12.5-19 yr; testes, 1-4 ml) and 9 with @entity1050 (age, 14.5-20; bone age, 11-15 yr, testes, 2-10 ml) to pulsatile @entity1176 stimulation. Basal and peak LH and FSH levels after a single dose of @entity1176 greatly overlapped between the two groups. In each @entity1 , a spontaneous nocturnal plasma profile of LH and FSH, sampled every 20 min, was followed by a pulsatile @entity1176 stimulation (5 micrograms iv every 90 min) via a portable minipump for 36 h. Before and after this pulsatile @entity1176 stimulation, a GBT (60 micrograms/m2 iv) was performed and plasma LH, FSH, @entity251 , @entity2671 , and @entity9027 were measured. Pulse analysis revealed 0-5 spontaneous nocturnal LH peaks in the @entity1050 @entity1 but only one in all of the @entity1640 @entity1 . During the 36 h of pulsatile @entity1176 , mean LH and FSH levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.0001) than during the spontaneous nocturnal profile in all @entity1 (except 1 from each group for LH). The GBT after pulsatile stimulation caused significantly higher (P less than 0.001) LH increments in @entity1050 than in @entity1640 @entity1 , with no overlap between the two groups (range, 4.1-15.6 in @entity1050 vs. 0.8-2.4 mIU/ml in @entity1640 ). Plasma @entity251 rose significantly (P less than 0.01) during pulsatile @entity1176 from 67 to 155 ng/dl (median) in the @entity1050 @entity1 , but did not change in the @entity1640 group (21 to 22.5 ng/dl). Plasma @entity2671 and @entity9027 did not rise in either group. We conclude that, in contrast to other parameters investigated so far, the LH increment in the second GBT after 36 h of pulsatile @entity1176 allows clear-cut differentiation between @entity1050 and @entity1640 . These results indicate significantly lower pituitary LH reserve in @entity1 with permanent @entity1640 after short term priming of the pituitary by pulsatile @entity1176 administration.

title: Differentiation of male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and XXXX by pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['HH', 'hypothalamic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity1175 :: ('MESH:D011628', 'Disease') :: ['constitutional delay of puberty']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity1175 :: (MESH:D011628,Disease) :: ['constitutional delay of puberty']