abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity38153 ( @entity38153 ) disease is an incurable, devastating @entity2315 characterized by @entity828 , progressive @entity16 and @entity204 . Current treatments are very limited and the research of new therapeutic targets is thus mandatory. We recently showed that the stimulation of @entity859 A2A receptors (A2ARs) rescues the abnormal phenotype of fibroblasts from @entity38153 @entity1 suggesting that @entity28569 agonists could represent a therapeutic option for this disease. However, since all @entity38153 @entity1 develop severe @entity16 which can be ascribed to the complex pathology occurring in both neurons and oligodendrocytes, in the present paper we tested the effects of the @entity28569 agonist @entity15997 in @entity1 neuronal and oligodendroglial @entity38153 cell lines (i.e. @entity521 SH-SY5Y and oligodendroglial MO3.13 transiently transfected with @entity38153 small interfering RNA). The down-regulation of the @entity38153 protein effectively resulted in intracellular @entity165 accumulation and altered mitochondrial membrane potential. Both effects were significantly attenuated by @entity15997 (500  nM). The protective effects of CGS were prevented by the selective @entity28569 antagonist @entity42123 (500  nM). The involvement of @entity460 modulation was demonstrated by the ability of @entity11008 (5-7   M) in reverting the effect of CGS. The A2A-dependent activity was prevented by the PKA-inhibitor @entity12176 , thus showing the involvement of the @entity268 /PKA signaling. These findings provide a clear in  vitro proof of concept that @entity28569 agonists are promising potential drugs for @entity11408 .

title: Stimulation of @entity859 A2A receptors reduces intracellular XXXX accumulation and rescues mitochondrial abnormalities in @entity1 neural cell models of Niemann-Pick C1.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity38153 ( @entity38153 ) disease is an incurable, devastating @entity2315 characterized by @entity828 , progressive @entity16 and @entity204 . Current treatments are very limited and the research of new therapeutic targets is thus mandatory. We recently showed that the stimulation of @entity859 A2A receptors (A2ARs) rescues the abnormal phenotype of fibroblasts from @entity38153 @entity1 suggesting that @entity28569 agonists could represent a therapeutic option for this disease. However, since all @entity38153 @entity1 develop severe @entity16 which can be ascribed to the complex pathology occurring in both neurons and oligodendrocytes, in the present paper we tested the effects of the @entity28569 agonist @entity15997 in @entity1 neuronal and oligodendroglial @entity38153 cell lines (i.e. @entity521 SH-SY5Y and oligodendroglial MO3.13 transiently transfected with @entity38153 small interfering RNA). The down-regulation of the @entity38153 protein effectively resulted in intracellular @entity165 accumulation and altered mitochondrial membrane potential. Both effects were significantly attenuated by @entity15997 (500  nM). The protective effects of CGS were prevented by the selective @entity28569 antagonist @entity42123 (500  nM). The involvement of @entity460 modulation was demonstrated by the ability of @entity11008 (5-7   M) in reverting the effect of CGS. The A2A-dependent activity was prevented by the PKA-inhibitor @entity12176 , thus showing the involvement of the @entity268 /PKA signaling. These findings provide a clear in  vitro proof of concept that @entity28569 agonists are promising potential drugs for @entity11408 .

title: Stimulation of XXXX A2A receptors reduces intracellular @entity165 accumulation and rescues mitochondrial abnormalities in @entity1 neural cell models of Niemann-Pick C1.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal-lipid storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity11408 :: ('MESH:C538339', 'Disease') :: ['NPC disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: We have characterized the antiproliferative effects of the @entity11922 , a group of antipsychotic drugs possessing a wide range of pharmacological actions. The @entity11922 inhibited both the proliferation and clonogenicity of L1210 leukemic lymphocytes. This effect was dependent on both time of exposure and concentration of drug. Clonogenicity of cells in the logarithmic phase of growth was inhibited by greater than 99% at a concentration of drug that had no effect on cells in the plateau phase of growth. @entity1 and @entity19 cell lines, grown either in suspension or in monolayers, were equally susceptible. @entity25873 ( @entity25873 ), purified from L1210 cells by preparative @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, had sensitivity to inhibition by @entity11922 similar to that reported for @entity25873 prepared from brain. The order of potency was @entity6105 greater than or equal to @entity1768 greater than @entity2644 greater than @entity2644 - @entity6814 . As a class, these drugs were less potent antagonists of @entity25873 than was the @entity5157 venom polypeptide, @entity71451 . The antiproliferative effects of @entity11922 were similar to the anticalmodulin effects. Thus, the same order of potencies was seen for both effects; the shapes of the dose-response curves were similarly steep and the effects of excess @entity460 on the inhibition of both were identical. These studies add pharmacological support for @entity25873 being a potential intracellular target for the antiproliferative effect of the @entity11922 .

title: Characteristics of the cytotoxic effects of the phenothiazine class of XXXX antagonists.

entities_list: @entity11922 :: ('MESH:D010640', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazines']

entities_list: @entity6814 :: ('MESH:C005746', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity6105 :: ('MESH:D014268', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoperazine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1768 :: ('MESH:D005476', 'Chemical') :: ['fluphenazine']

answer: @entity25873 :: (12314(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['calmodulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare survival in @entity1 with stage IIIA (N2) @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) treated with definitive chemoradiation (CRT) or surgery plus neoadjuvant chemoradiation or chemotherapy (CRTS). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 242 @entity1 with stage IIIA (N2) @entity1149 treated with curative intent between 1997 and 2007, identified 215 @entity1 with surgically resectable disease. Overall survival outcomes were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier plots, log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for age, gender, histology, smoking history and performance status. Recurrences were compared using competing risks methods, including the proportional subdistribution hazards regression model. RESULTS: CRTS was used to treat 104 @entity1 and CRT in 111. Comparing CRTS with CRT @entity1 , median age was 60 vs 62, 50 (48%) vs 69 (62%) were male and 65 (62.5%) vs 60 (54%) had @entity420 . Of CRTS @entity1 , 83 (80%) had a lobectomy. CRTS @entity1 compared with CRT @entity1 had decreased risk of recurrence at any site [hazard ratio (HR) = 0. 46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32-0.64 P < 0.0001], local recurrence (HR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.87, P = 0.013), loco--regional recurrence (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33-0.78, P = 0.002) and @entity204 (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.33-0.62, P < 0.0001) with a median survival of 4.2 years vs 1.7 years). Risk of distant recurrence was also reduced in the surgical group (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38-0.87, P = 0.017). Treatment-related mortality was low in both cohorts. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with surgically resectable stage IIIA (N2) @entity1149 , neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery reduces loco-regional and distant recurrence and improves survival. Treatment-related mortality was not significantly increased compared with the @entity1 treated with CRT alone.

title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery improves survival outcomes compared with definitive chemoradiation in the treatment of stage IIIA N2 XXXX

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Three cases of @entity571 due to dematiaceous fungi are reported. The first case, a @entity1511 complicating prosthetic valve @entity364 responded only to the association of @entity2379 and @entity3102 . The second @entity1 had @entity626 due to Phialophora parasitica resistant to medical and surgical treatment after renal transplantation. These two cases are the first and the second known reports of clinical infection with these fungi. The third @entity1 had @entity571 complicating a @entity272 by a thorn prick. This was cured by surgical excision and 3 months' medical treatment. These cases of @entity281 followed subcutaneous @entity733 . Deep tissue infections with dematiaceous fungi with osteoarthritic involvement are very rare (6 cases of Drechslera and 8 cases of Phialophora have been reported). These fungi are opportunist saprophytes of plants in subtropical regions. They are characterised on culture by their @entity2118 and microscopy shows septated filaments. Cutaneous effraction is the usual portal of entry in @entity1 ; @entity1 commonly have @entity308 of their immune systems. @entity571 is generally due to local extension of a @entity733 . The functional sequellae can be very serious. Treatment comprises surgical excision of the infected tissues with antifungal drugs which may have to be given in association.

title: [ XXXX caused by dematiaceous fungi. Apropos of 3 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteoarthritis of the knee']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the patella', 'osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['Drechslera longirostrata spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections osteoarthritis of the knee']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses', 'subcutaneous abscess']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['brown and black pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infection']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: Twenty-seven histologically confirmed cases of localised @entity2828 were treated by two different regimes. Radiotherapy alone was used in 13 cases and a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 14. Single agent chemotherapy ( @entity786 ) was given sequentially in nine @entity1 and @entity786 and @entity4316 in five. There is a significant difference in the response to these different regimes. Only 69.2% of @entity1 treated by radiotherapy alone were disease-free, for a median period of 10.4 months and @entity3 were noticed in 53.8% of cases. The disease-free survival in @entity1 treated by combination therapy (radiotherapy and chemotherapy) was 18.4 months and @entity3 were seen in only 42.9%. However, no @entity3 were seen in @entity1 who received @entity786 and @entity4316 , during a period of 14 months and only one @entity1 showed @entity66 . It is concluded that the addition of @entity786 alone is not adequate in the management of @entity2828 . @entity4316 in addition to @entity786 has improved the disease-free survival period significantly. The optimum dose of radiotherapy and its combination with other chemotherapeutic agents needs further trials to find the best and most suitable schedule.

title: XXXX : A combined approach in the management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['Actinomycin-D', 'actinomycin-D']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: A 32-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed @entity645 positive with disseminated @entity281 in May 2006. Her initial @entity404 was 7 cells/  L and she had a right supraclavicular nodal mass, which was biopsied and shown to be consistent with cryptococcal @entity3298 . She was treated for disseminated @entity281 and was started on antiretroviral medications subsequently. Two years later, she developed a left supraclavicular mass. Her @entity404 count was 320 cells/  L and @entity645 RNA level was undetectable. Investigations and biopsy results were consistent with a late presentation of cryptococcal immune reconstitution @entity32 (IRIS). She was treated with oral @entity288 and her symptoms resolved completely. IRIS is a recognised complication of @entity645 treatment and occurs in a significant percentage of @entity1 within the first 3   months of starting antiretroviral therapy. This case report illustrates the importance of recognising late presentations of IRIS. It is vital to differentiate true cryptococcal @entity3298 from IRIS-induced cryptococcal @entity3298 .

title: Late onset of cryptococcal cervical XXXX following immune reconstitution @entity32 in a @entity1 with AIDS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3298 :: (MESH:D008199,Disease) :: ['lymphadenitis']


abstract: A 32-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed @entity645 positive with disseminated @entity281 in May 2006. Her initial @entity404 was 7 cells/  L and she had a right supraclavicular nodal mass, which was biopsied and shown to be consistent with cryptococcal @entity3298 . She was treated for disseminated @entity281 and was started on antiretroviral medications subsequently. Two years later, she developed a left supraclavicular mass. Her @entity404 count was 320 cells/  L and @entity645 RNA level was undetectable. Investigations and biopsy results were consistent with a late presentation of cryptococcal immune reconstitution @entity32 (IRIS). She was treated with oral @entity288 and her symptoms resolved completely. IRIS is a recognised complication of @entity645 treatment and occurs in a significant percentage of @entity1 within the first 3   months of starting antiretroviral therapy. This case report illustrates the importance of recognising late presentations of IRIS. It is vital to differentiate true cryptococcal @entity3298 from IRIS-induced cryptococcal @entity3298 .

title: Late onset of cryptococcal cervical @entity3298 following immune reconstitution XXXX in a @entity1 with AIDS.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory syndrome']


abstract: A 32-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed @entity645 positive with disseminated @entity281 in May 2006. Her initial @entity404 was 7 cells/  L and she had a right supraclavicular nodal mass, which was biopsied and shown to be consistent with cryptococcal @entity3298 . She was treated for disseminated @entity281 and was started on antiretroviral medications subsequently. Two years later, she developed a left supraclavicular mass. Her @entity404 count was 320 cells/  L and @entity645 RNA level was undetectable. Investigations and biopsy results were consistent with a late presentation of cryptococcal immune reconstitution @entity32 (IRIS). She was treated with oral @entity288 and her symptoms resolved completely. IRIS is a recognised complication of @entity645 treatment and occurs in a significant percentage of @entity1 within the first 3   months of starting antiretroviral therapy. This case report illustrates the importance of recognising late presentations of IRIS. It is vital to differentiate true cryptococcal @entity3298 from IRIS-induced cryptococcal @entity3298 .

title: Late onset of cryptococcal cervical @entity3298 following immune reconstitution @entity32 in a XXXX with AIDS.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity4036 is one of the most common conditions encountered by general surgeons. Rising rates of @entity4036 repair have been described; however, population-based evidence concerning incidence rates of @entity341 repair and changes with time are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in rates of emergent @entity4036 repair within the United States for inguinal, femoral, ventral, and umbilical hernias from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A retrospective analysis of adults with @entity341 repair using National Center for Health Statistics data, a nationally representative sample of inpatient hospitalizations in the United States that occurred from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010. All @entity341 repairs were identified during the study period. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Incidence rates per 100   000 @entity1 -years, age, and sex adjusted to the 2010 US census population estimates were calculated for selected subcategories of @entity341 repairs and time trends were evaluated. RESULTS: An estimated 2.3 million inpatient @entity4036 repairs were performed from 2001 to 2010; of which an estimated 567   000 were performed emergently. A general increase in the rate of @entity341 was observed from 16.0 to 19.2 @entity341 repairs per 100   000 @entity1 -years in 2001 and 2010, respectively. In 2010, @entity341 rates were highest among adults 65 years and older, with 71.3 and 42.0 @entity341 repairs per 100   000 @entity1 -years for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. As expected, @entity18659 rates were higher among @entity1 while emergent inguinal @entity547 rates were higher among @entity1 . Rates of emergent incisional @entity547 repair were high but relatively stable among older @entity1 , with 24.9 and 23.5 per 100   000 @entity1 -years in 2001 and 2010, respectively. However, rates of emergent incisional @entity547 repair among older @entity1 rose significantly, with 7.8 to 32.0 per 100   000 @entity1 -years from 2001 to 2010, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These increasing rates of emergent incisional @entity547 repair are troublesome owing to the significantly increased risk morbidity and mortality associated with @entity341 repair. While this increased mortality risk is multifactorial, it is likely associated with older age and the accompanying serious comorbidities.

title: Trends in XXXX repair in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall hernia', 'abdominal hernia', 'Abdominal wall hernia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergent hernia', 'total emergent hernias']

entities_list: @entity18659 :: ('MESH:D006550', 'Disease') :: ['femoral hernia']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergent hernia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: Treatment of @entity439 is a challenge for neurologists. Previously, parent @entity432 was the classic therapy; now the stent-assisted coil embolization has become available in recent years, but the optimal therapy is under debate. The goal of the present study was to compare two endovascular treatment modalities in terms of safety, efficacy and short-term outcomes. Methods: All the @entity1 were divided into two groups: Group A: @entity1 who underwent parent @entity432 , and Group B: @entity1 who underwent stent-assisted coil embolization. Follow-up outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: After 12 months of follow-up, the favorable outcome (mRS: 0-2) had no statistical significance in both groups (p = 1.00). @entity1 in group A had greater @entity63 compared with @entity1 in group B, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.421). In group B, @entity1 had a higher rate of partial occlusion (p = 0.255) and recurrence (10% vs. 0%; p = 0.586). Conclusions: Stent-assisted coiling may not be superior to parent @entity432 in selected @entity1 after short-term follow-up. Parent @entity432 is a simple, safe and effective treatment for large/giant internal carotid @entity439 .

title: Treatment of XXXX : parent @entity432 or stent-assisted coiling.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'giant/large internal carotid aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['giant/large internal carotid aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: Treatment of @entity439 is a challenge for neurologists. Previously, parent @entity432 was the classic therapy; now the stent-assisted coil embolization has become available in recent years, but the optimal therapy is under debate. The goal of the present study was to compare two endovascular treatment modalities in terms of safety, efficacy and short-term outcomes. Methods: All the @entity1 were divided into two groups: Group A: @entity1 who underwent parent @entity432 , and Group B: @entity1 who underwent stent-assisted coil embolization. Follow-up outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: After 12 months of follow-up, the favorable outcome (mRS: 0-2) had no statistical significance in both groups (p = 1.00). @entity1 in group A had greater @entity63 compared with @entity1 in group B, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.421). In group B, @entity1 had a higher rate of partial occlusion (p = 0.255) and recurrence (10% vs. 0%; p = 0.586). Conclusions: Stent-assisted coiling may not be superior to parent @entity432 in selected @entity1 after short-term follow-up. Parent @entity432 is a simple, safe and effective treatment for large/giant internal carotid @entity439 .

title: Treatment of @entity439 : parent XXXX or stent-assisted coiling.

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusion']


abstract: We examined the feasibility of using a standby @entity737 and established thresholds for internal defibrillation. The implantable defibrillator senses @entity2224 and delivers an electrical impulse for defibrillation. Two lead systems for the device have been investigated. System I consists of two 12-cm2 @entity1346 -covered @entity702 mesh patches attached to the atrial and diaphragmatic pericardial surfaces. System II has an identical diaphragmatic patch and a @entity702 spring catheter, with a 12-cm2 surface area of conductivity, placed transvenously in the right atrium. Both systems were implanted by thoracotomy in 12 @entity235 (mean weight 20 kg) and by a subxiphoid approach in 10 @entity1707 (mean weight 20 kg). The defibrillation threshold (lowest energy required for 80% success) was determined periodically for 54 weeks in the @entity235 (615 trials) and at 6 weeks for the @entity1707 (100 trials). In @entity235 , the mean defibrillation threshold with system I leads at 4 weeks was 10.5 J and did not change significantly over a 54-week period (p greater than 0.05). Similar results were obtained in the @entity1707 at 4 weeks. The defibrillation thresholds for both lead systems in @entity235 and @entity1707 using a transpleural thoracotomy or a subxiphoid approach are satisfactory for an implantable defibrillator that produces 20-35 J.

title: Lead systems for internal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['automatic implantable defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: Cardiac valve xenografts often fail relatively early in @entity1 . We analyzed the incidence of @entity340 and @entity1031 in 253 consecutive adult survivors who received 294 porcine xenograft valves (150 aortic, 125 mitral and 19 tricuspid) from June 1974 to December 1979 (41% of all adult valve replacements). Mean follow-up was 25.6 months (range 9-75 months). @entity340 occurred in four of 294 xenografts (three in mitral position and one in tricuspid position), all four caused by recurrent @entity884 ; these four @entity1 survived reoperation and are doing well. @entity1031 occurred in six of 294 xenografts, none in aortic or tricuspid positions of rhythm or anticoagulation. Four of the six mitral xenografts associated with @entity1031 were in the 16 @entity1 who had @entity955 and received @entity117 and dipyridamole but no @entity1229 (12% per @entity1 -year), and two were in the 14 @entity1 who were in sinus rhythm and were not taking medication, one of whom had recurrent @entity884 . No @entity1031 occurred in mitral xenografts with sinus rhythm and antiplatelet agents. @entity1031 did not occur in @entity1 who were in @entity955 and receiving @entity1229 anticoagulation. Late death (30 of 253) was unrelated to @entity340 , and only one death resulted from @entity1031 . This study showed excellent xenograft performance for as long as 75 months. @entity340 occurred only with recurrent @entity884 , and @entity1031 occurred after mitral replacement, especially in @entity1 who were in @entity955 and were not receiving anticoagulants.

title: Dysfunction and XXXX associated with cardiac valve xenografts in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'Thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve dysfunction', 'Valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Candida endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 often goes undiagnosed until late stage disease due in part to suboptimal early detection. Our goal was to develop a @entity10828 tagged liposome containing fluorescent dye as an improved contrast agent for detection of @entity788 in vivo using multispectral optoacoustic tomography. RESULTS: The diagnostic capabilities and specificity to @entity788 of @entity10828 targeted liposomes were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Immunocytochemistry showed that liposomes preferentially bound to and released their contents into cells expressing high levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. We determined that the contents of the liposome were released into the cell as noted by the change in @entity2667 fluorescence from green to red based upon nucleic acid binding. In an orthotopic @entity19 model, the liposomes preferentially targeted the @entity788 with little off-target binding in the liver and spleen. Peak accumulation of the liposomes in the @entity5 occurred at 8  h post-injection. Multispectral optoacoustic tomographic imaging was able to provide high-resolution 3D images of the @entity5 and liposome location. Ex vivo analysis showed that non-targeted liposomes accumulated in the liver, suggesting that specificity of the liposomes for @entity788 was due to the presence of the @entity10828 ligand. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that @entity10828 liposomes were able to release cargo into @entity7423 expressing @entity5 cells. The @entity10828 liposomes demonstrated @entity5 specificity in orthotopic pancreatic @entity5 as observed using multispectral optoacoustic tomography with reduced kidney and liver uptake. By targeting the liposome with @entity10828 , this nanovehicle has potential as a targeted theranostic nanoparticle for both drug and contrast agent delivery to @entity788 .

title: Tumor specific liposomes improve detection of XXXX in vivo using optoacoustic tomography.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors', 'Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3595 Lanka was the first country in the Southeast Asian region to achieve its measles elimination goal in 2011. In 2012, the measles immunization schedule changed from a measles vaccine at 9  months to a measles, mumps and @entity2462 vaccine at 12  months. However in 2013, @entity3595 Lanka reported its worst recent outbreak of measles. This study investigated a part of this outbreak in order to describe its epidemiology. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out at the university medical unit of the @entity580 ( @entity580 ), the third largest hospital in @entity3595 Lanka, from October 2013 until March 2014. An epidemiological profile of @entity1 was constructed, case confirmation was done on all suspected cases and the basic demographic details of these suspected cases were obtained from the available records. RESULTS: From January 2013 to March 2014, 101 measles suspects were admitted to the @entity580 . Until June 2013, all suspected cases were aged below 12  months of age. During the study period (15  months), the total number of @entity1 aged below 9  months, 9 to 12  months, 1 to 11  years, 12-29  years and over 29  years were 10 (9.9  %), 11 (10.9  %), 6 (5.9  %), 37 (36.6  %) and 36 (35.6  %), respectively (data missing-1). Out of the 33 @entity1 clinically suspected, 32 tested positive for measles. Common clinical features included: fever (n   =   33, 100  %), maculopapular @entity1910 (n   =   33), @entity2024 (n   =   31), posterior cervical @entity3329 (n   =   23) and Koplik's spots (n   =   8). Features suggestive of @entity55 were observed among 30 (90.9  %) @entity1 and 26 (78.8  %) had @entity294 . Two @entity1 (6.1  %) who developed severe @entity55 received care at an intensive care unit due to respiratory difficulties. Out of 33 @entity1 , 15 (45.5  %) had prior immunization for measles, two (6.1  %) reported that they never had a measles immunization and 16 (48.5  %) were unsure about their immunization status. Out of those who reported they were previously immunized, 11 (73.3  %) belonged to the age group of 12-29  years. CONCLUSION: Because the first cases of this outbreak were @entity1 , an increase in susceptible @entity1 due to the change in the vaccine schedule could partly explain the outbreak.

title: The 2013 measles outbreak in XXXX Lanka: experience from a rural district and implications for measles elimination goals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'Teaching Hospital, Anuradhapura']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio like @entity1851 can be used as markers of acute exacerbation in @entity1030 . METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, @entity233 , between December 2012 and April 2013, and comprised @entity1 with stable and acute @entity1030 . All @entity1 were male and aged >40 years. @entity1 were included prospectively from outpatient and emergency units according to recent Initiative for @entity1030 2013 criteria. @entity1851 , neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio of each group were measured and compared. RESULTS: Of the 94 @entity1 , 48(51%) had stable disease with a mean age of 66.65  10.17 years (range: 49-79 years), and 46(49%) had acute exacerbation with a mean age of 62.67  9.41 years (range: 48-92 years). Mean levels of @entity1851 , neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio were 5.04  6.65, 2.75  1.11 and 137.39  65.42 for stable disease, and 57.68  58.49, 7.99  5.72 and 231.18  141.36 for those with acute exacerbation (p=0.001). Cut-off values were neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio =3.3, platelet-lymphocyte ratio =150, and @entity1851 =5 mg/dl. Positive predictive values for @entity1851 , neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio were determined as 82% (odds ratio: 27.4); 85% (odds ratio: 32.5); and 73% (odds ratio: 6.3) . Receiver-operating characteristic curve showed a significantly more area under curve of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (0.88) compared to platelet-lymphocyte ratio (0.74) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: During acute exacerbations of @entity1030 , neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio may be used as an easily measurable, available and cost-effective parameter with high prognostic accuracy in clinical practice.

title: The role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in exacerbation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Peptide neurotoxins are powerful tools for research, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. Limiting broader use, most receptors lack an identified toxin that binds with high affinity and specificity. This paper describes isolation of toxins for one such orphan target, KcsA, a @entity972 channel that has been fundamental to delineating the structural basis for ion channel function. A phage-display strategy is presented whereby    1.5 million novel and natural peptides are fabricated on the scaffold present in ShK, a sea anemone type I (SAK1) toxin stabilized by three @entity1520 bonds. We describe two toxins selected by sorting on purified KcsA, one novel (Hui1, 34 residues) and one natural (HmK, 35 residues). Hui1 is potent, blocking single KcsA channels in planar lipid bilayers half-maximally (Ki) at 1 nM. Hui1 is also specific, inhibiting KcsA-Shaker channels in @entity1238 oocytes with a Ki of 0.5 nM whereas Shaker, @entity71452 , and @entity71453 channels are blocked over 200-fold less well. HmK is potent but promiscuous, blocking KcsA-Shaker, Shaker, @entity71452 , and @entity71453 channels with Ki of 1-4 nM. As anticipated, one Hui1 blocks the KcsA pore and two conserved toxin residues, Lys21 and Tyr22, are essential for high-affinity binding. Unexpectedly, @entity972 ions traversing the channel from the inside confer voltage sensitivity to the Hui1 off-rate via Arg23, indicating that Lys21 is not in the pore. The 3D structure of Hui1 reveals a SAK1 fold, rationalizes KcsA inhibition, and validates the scaffold-based approach for isolation of high-affinity toxins for orphan receptors.

title: Designer and natural peptide toxin blockers of the KcsA XXXX channel identified by phage display.

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic value (sensitivity, specificity) of positron emission mammography (PEM) in a single site non-interventional study using the maximum PEM uptake value (PUVmax). @entity1 , METHODS: In a singlesite, non-interventional study, 108 @entity1 (107 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ) with a total of 151 suspected lesions were scanned with a PEM Flex Solo II (Naviscan) at 90 min p.i. with 3.5 MBq 18F-FDG per kg of body weight. In this ROI(region of interest)-based analysis, maximum PEM uptake value (PUV) was determined in lesions, @entity5 (PUVmaxtumour), benign lesions (PUVmaxnormal breast) and also in healthy tissues on the contralateral side (PUVmaxcontralateral breast). These values were compared and contrasted. In addition, the ratios of PUVmaxtumour   /   PUVmaxcontralateral breast and PUVmaxnormal breast   /   PUVmaxcontralateral breast were compared. The image data were interpreted independently by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians and compared with histology in cases of suspected @entity189 . RESULTS: Based on a criteria of PUV>1.9, 31 out of 151 lesions in the @entity1 cohort were found to be malignant (21%). A mean PUVmaxtumour of 3.78    2.47 was identified in @entity5 , while a mean PUVmaxnormal breast of 1.17    0.37 was reported in the glandular tissue of the healthy breast, with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean ratio between @entity5 and healthy glandular tissue in @entity0 @entity1 (3.15    1.58) was found to be significantly higher than the ratio for benign lesions (1.17    0.41, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: PEM is capable of differentiating @entity0 from benign lesions with 100% sensitivity along with a high specificity of 96%, when a threshold of PUVmax >1.9 is applied.

title: Positron emission mammography in the diagnosis of XXXX . Is maximum PEM uptake value a valuable threshold for malignant @entity0 detection?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'man']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic value (sensitivity, specificity) of positron emission mammography (PEM) in a single site non-interventional study using the maximum PEM uptake value (PUVmax). @entity1 , METHODS: In a singlesite, non-interventional study, 108 @entity1 (107 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ) with a total of 151 suspected lesions were scanned with a PEM Flex Solo II (Naviscan) at 90 min p.i. with 3.5 MBq 18F-FDG per kg of body weight. In this ROI(region of interest)-based analysis, maximum PEM uptake value (PUV) was determined in lesions, @entity5 (PUVmaxtumour), benign lesions (PUVmaxnormal breast) and also in healthy tissues on the contralateral side (PUVmaxcontralateral breast). These values were compared and contrasted. In addition, the ratios of PUVmaxtumour   /   PUVmaxcontralateral breast and PUVmaxnormal breast   /   PUVmaxcontralateral breast were compared. The image data were interpreted independently by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians and compared with histology in cases of suspected @entity189 . RESULTS: Based on a criteria of PUV>1.9, 31 out of 151 lesions in the @entity1 cohort were found to be malignant (21%). A mean PUVmaxtumour of 3.78    2.47 was identified in @entity5 , while a mean PUVmaxnormal breast of 1.17    0.37 was reported in the glandular tissue of the healthy breast, with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean ratio between @entity5 and healthy glandular tissue in @entity0 @entity1 (3.15    1.58) was found to be significantly higher than the ratio for benign lesions (1.17    0.41, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: PEM is capable of differentiating @entity0 from benign lesions with 100% sensitivity along with a high specificity of 96%, when a threshold of PUVmax >1.9 is applied.

title: Positron emission mammography in the diagnosis of @entity0 . Is maximum PEM uptake value a valuable threshold for malignant XXXX detection?

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Slow transit @entity1142 (STC) and functional fecal retention (FFR) are two forms of severe intractable @entity1142 in childhood diagnosed by nuclear transit studies (NTS). This retrospective study aims to identify the predicting factors for STC and FFR by looking at the association with @entity146 ( @entity146 ), @entity28 , family history of @entity1142 and @entity66 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on @entity1 with intractable @entity1142 referred for NTS between 1st April 2003 and 1st April 2014. Comparisons were made between STC, FFR and normal transit @entity1 with regards to @entity146 , @entity28 (BMI z score  >95th percentile), family history of @entity1142 in first and second-degree relatives and @entity66 which included @entity5419 , @entity565 and @entity484 . RESULTS: Between 2003 and 2014, 97 @entity1 were referred for a NTS. Out of 36 @entity1 with @entity146 , 21 (58.3  %) had STC and 13 (36.1  %) had FFR (p  <  0.05). 15.8  % of @entity1 with @entity1142 were @entity28 , compared to 6.4  % in the general Australian paediatric population (p  <  0.05). There was no significant association between @entity1142 and @entity66 or family history. CONCLUSION: @entity146 , in particular @entity2438 , are useful predictors of STC and FFR in @entity1 . @entity28 may be associated with a higher risk of developing chronic @entity1142 .

title: Predictors of slow colonic transit in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders', 'NPD', 'Neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: More and more teenagers indulge in sports at school or in recreational settings. Some of these sports are considered to be purveyors of accidents and should be practiced by putting in place safety rules and regulations. This report is unusual case of a school @entity1 of age 13 who suffered from @entity13668 due to accidental fall of a mass of 3kg during an athletics meeting. PRESENTATION OF CASE: He was a 13-year-old @entity1 who accidentally received on his head a throwing mass of 3kg thrown by a young athlete at a school athletics meeting. He became unconsciousness for a moment. The radio clinical evaluation showed a parietal @entity308 without mass effect on the brain parenchyma to the CT scan. @entity308 was surgically removed in quite favorable manner. DISCUSSION: Karting is known as a particular sporting accident that causes @entity542 affecting mostly @entity1 . Other sports such as boxing and skiing are also known to cause @entity130 but wearing helmets has significantly reduced these @entity2587 . Throwing sports can also lead to accidents in the absence of strict security as demonstrated by this case. It was a skull @entity308 that was operated upon because it entailed a risk leading to a compressive callus. CONCLUSION: This accident could have been avoided if basic safety precautions were put in place.

title: XXXX by a mass of 3kg in shot putt an adolescent of 13 years. A rare @entity2587 . A rare fracture of the skull-deflection shot putt.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed fracture']

entities_list: @entity13668 :: ('MESH:D020204', 'Disease') :: ['depressed skull fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['sports injuries']

answer: @entity13668 :: (MESH:D020204,Disease) :: ['Depressed skull fracture']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: More and more teenagers indulge in sports at school or in recreational settings. Some of these sports are considered to be purveyors of accidents and should be practiced by putting in place safety rules and regulations. This report is unusual case of a school @entity1 of age 13 who suffered from @entity13668 due to accidental fall of a mass of 3kg during an athletics meeting. PRESENTATION OF CASE: He was a 13-year-old @entity1 who accidentally received on his head a throwing mass of 3kg thrown by a young athlete at a school athletics meeting. He became unconsciousness for a moment. The radio clinical evaluation showed a parietal @entity308 without mass effect on the brain parenchyma to the CT scan. @entity308 was surgically removed in quite favorable manner. DISCUSSION: Karting is known as a particular sporting accident that causes @entity542 affecting mostly @entity1 . Other sports such as boxing and skiing are also known to cause @entity130 but wearing helmets has significantly reduced these @entity2587 . Throwing sports can also lead to accidents in the absence of strict security as demonstrated by this case. It was a skull @entity308 that was operated upon because it entailed a risk leading to a compressive callus. CONCLUSION: This accident could have been avoided if basic safety precautions were put in place.

title: @entity13668 by a mass of 3kg in shot putt an adolescent of 13 years. A rare XXXX . A rare fracture of the skull-deflection shot putt.

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['sports injury']


abstract: A segment of the distal oesophagus lined with columnar epithelium (endobrachy oesophagus, @entity355 ), is very frequently seen in association with chronic reflux conditions. Usually, this entity is an asymmetrical columnar-cell metaplasia of varying extent, with an unsharp epithelial junction line cranial, and showing various large residual islands of squamous epithelium. In addition, usually well-developed @entity75 are also found. More rarely seen are cases with a longer, symmetrical, cranially sharply delimited columnar-epithelial-lined segment, in which @entity75 and strictures are usually either restricted to the proximal section, or are lacking altogether. Among more than 100 @entity1 presenting with endobrachy-oesophagus, 14 cases had the latter form of the condition. Seven had a solitary, high peptic stricture, and only 50% unequivocal @entity357 . In four @entity1 there were no inflammatory changes at all. In 8 @entity1 , fundic glands were observed. Of particular interest was the segment-like arrangement of cardiac and fundic glands in 2 of the @entity1 . In only a single case were @entity2318 formations seen in the columnar-lined segment. Considered from the point of view of our embryological knowledge, certain forms of endobrachy-oesophagus would appear to represent a @entity154 .

title: Columnar-lined oesophagus ( XXXX ) - congenital or acquired?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus"]

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['peptic lesions']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatus hernia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cartilage tissue engineering offers new strategies in repairing damaged cartilage. Scaffolds have been used for the in vitro and in vivo procedures for this application, which demonstrates the compatible biological and physical properties that mimic natural tissues. Several types of scaffolds were used and had different effects on cell functions. The study was designed to develop a functional gelatin scaffold by adsorption of @entity8273 ( @entity8273 ) and the @entity1934 ( @entity1934 ) in a commercially available gelatin scaffold. RESULTS: The biological properties of @entity1 articular chondrocytes were investigated during a 21-day cultivation embedded in either @entity8273   +   @entity1934 adsorbed scaffolds or the conventional supplemented method. The rising of proliferation of chondrocytes embedded in adsorbed scaffolds was observed at day 17 and 21 of cultivation (1.27 and 1.28 fold, respectively). The chondrogenic gene expression of the chondrocytes embedded in @entity8273   +   @entity1934 adsorbed scaffolds significantly increased: @entity1935 (1.65 fold), @entity1936 (7.65 fold) and @entity794 (1.83 fold). Remarkably, over the 21  days of cultivation, @entity8273   +   @entity1934 adsorbed scaffolds promoted the extracellular matrix molecules production with higher accumulation of @entity8273 (1.2 fold), collagen (1.42 fold) and @entity13275 (1.41 fold). Moreover, the cell population and extracellular matrix production, which were examined by a histological analysis and a scanning electron microscope, were correlated with the biochemical analysis. CONCLUSION: A small amount of @entity8273 and @entity1934 initially adsorbed in the scaffolds (70   g and 10  ng, respectively) was consumed over the 21-day cultivation. The @entity8273   +   @entity1934 adsorbed gelatin scaffold is effective and more suitable than the conventional supplemented method for the in vitro assessment of @entity1 chondrocyte 3D culture.

title: Comparison of growth factor adsorbed scaffold and conventional scaffold with growth factor supplemented media for primary XXXX articular chondrocyte 3D culture.

entities_list: @entity13275 :: ('CHEBI:27252', 'Chemical') :: ['uronic acid']

entities_list: @entity8273 :: ('MESH:C565742', 'Disease') :: ['HA', 'hyaluronan']

entities_list: @entity1934 :: ('7043', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b3', 'transforming growth factor b3']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have found @entity73 ( @entity73 )-framed interventions are successful for improving condom use and reducing @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ). We conducted a secondary analysis of behavioural data from the Safe in the City intervention trial (2003-2005) to investigate the influence of @entity73 constructs on study @entity1 ' self-reported use of condoms at last intercourse. METHODS: The main trial was conducted from 2003 to 2005 at three public US STI clinics. @entity1 (n=38   635) were either shown a 'safer sex' video in the waiting room, or received the standard waiting room experience, based on their visit date. A nested behavioural assessment was administered to a subsample of study @entity1 following their index clinic visit and again at 3   months follow-up. We used multivariable modified Poisson regression models to examine the relationships among @entity73 constructs (sexual self-efficacy, self-control self-efficacy, self-efficacy with most recent partner, hedonistic outcome expectancies and partner expected outcomes) and self-reported condom use at last sex act at the 3-month follow-up study visit. RESULTS: Of 1252 @entity1 included in analysis, 39% reported using a condom at last sex act. Male gender, homosexual orientation and single status were significant correlates of condom use. Both unadjusted and adjusted models indicate that sexual self-efficacy (adjusted relative risk (RRa)=1.50, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.84), self-control self-efficacy (RRa=1.67, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.04), self-efficacy with most recent partner (RRa=2.56, 95% CI 2.01 to 3.27), more favourable hedonistic outcome expectancies (RRa=1.83, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.17) and more favourable partner expected outcomes (RRa=9.74, 95% CI 3.21 to 29.57) were significantly associated with condom use at last sex act. CONCLUSIONS: Social cognitive skills, such as self-efficacy and partner expected outcomes, are an important aspect of condom use behaviour. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT00137370).

title: Relationship between XXXX constructs and self-reported condom use: assessment of behaviour in a subgroup of the Safe in the City trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'social cognitive theory']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infections', 'STIs']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['social cognitive theory']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Cytochalasin B is a mycogenic toxin that preferentially damages malignant cells through multiple mechanisms. The microfilament-disrupting agent inhibits cytokinesis, producing enlarged and multinucleated neoplastic cells without enlarging or producing multinucleated normal cells. In addition, cytochalasin B has been shown to induce apoptosis and to increase the mitochondrial activity of malignant cells. In spite of these pharmacological properties potentially exploitable in @entity5 chemotherapy, no cytochalasin congener or derivative and indeed no microfilament-directed agent has yet been examined in the clinic. Nevertheless, it will likely be necessary to combine microfilament-directed agents with other chemotherapeutic agents, and potentially with other anti-neoplastic modalities to amplify the mechanisms by which microfilament-directed agents inflict damage. These combinations could increase the likelihood of obtaining clinically useful activities with microfilament-directed agents and decrease the often inevitable emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, this study intends to determine appropriate chemotherapeutic agents to use concurrently with cytochalasin B and with other microfilament-directed agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since cytochalasin B has shown in vitro efficacy against anchorage-independent growth, as well as against @entity5 , both U937 @entity1 @entity1778 and MCF7 @entity1 @entity0 cells were evaluated. These cell lines were assessed for their sensitivity to a comprehensive array of chemotherapeutic agents that could amplify the cytoskeletal effects of microfilament-directed agents or that could themselves be potentiated by the cellular effects of such agents. In addition, clinically-approved microtubule-directed agents, as well as clinically-active anti-neoplastic agents not specifically cytoskeletal-directed, were examined for their ability to potentiate cell enlargement, one of the hallmark features of microfilament-directed agents. Conditions for inducing @entity1283 and multinucleation of neoplastic cells with cytochalasin B were also defined. RESULTS: U937 and MCF7 cells have differing sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents indicating that different regimens will likely be needed for various cell types in concomitant cytochalasin B-mediated chemotherapy. It was noted that microtubule-directed agents ( @entity1311 and @entity1891 ) would likely have a synergistic effect with @entity2389 as they produced a substantial enlargement in viable cells at their 50% inhibitory (IC50) values. Interestingly, @entity632 and @entity1138 also produced considerable cell enlargement, suggesting that nucleic acid-directed agents may be used to further enhance the cell-enlargement and multinucleation effects of microfilament-directed agents if appropriate sequences and concentrations can be found for the combination of agents. A subsequent publication in this series will examine the optimal combinations of chemotherapeutic agents with microfilament-directed agents in regards to drug concentrations and sequential timing. U937 cells exposed to cytochalasin B exhibited substantial cell enlargement and multinucleation that was still prevalent 8 days post-administration depending on the concentration used. CONCLUSION: Taken together, it appears that cytochalasin B has substantial synergistic potential with microtubule- and nucleic acid-directed agents.

title: Enlargement and Multinucleation of U937 XXXX and MCF7 @entity0 Cells by Antineoplastic Agents to Enhance Sensitivity to Low Frequency Ultrasound and to DNA-directed Anticancer Agents.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'attached malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['optimal enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['monocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Cytochalasin B is a mycogenic toxin that preferentially damages malignant cells through multiple mechanisms. The microfilament-disrupting agent inhibits cytokinesis, producing enlarged and multinucleated neoplastic cells without enlarging or producing multinucleated normal cells. In addition, cytochalasin B has been shown to induce apoptosis and to increase the mitochondrial activity of malignant cells. In spite of these pharmacological properties potentially exploitable in @entity5 chemotherapy, no cytochalasin congener or derivative and indeed no microfilament-directed agent has yet been examined in the clinic. Nevertheless, it will likely be necessary to combine microfilament-directed agents with other chemotherapeutic agents, and potentially with other anti-neoplastic modalities to amplify the mechanisms by which microfilament-directed agents inflict damage. These combinations could increase the likelihood of obtaining clinically useful activities with microfilament-directed agents and decrease the often inevitable emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, this study intends to determine appropriate chemotherapeutic agents to use concurrently with cytochalasin B and with other microfilament-directed agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since cytochalasin B has shown in vitro efficacy against anchorage-independent growth, as well as against @entity5 , both U937 @entity1 @entity1778 and MCF7 @entity1 @entity0 cells were evaluated. These cell lines were assessed for their sensitivity to a comprehensive array of chemotherapeutic agents that could amplify the cytoskeletal effects of microfilament-directed agents or that could themselves be potentiated by the cellular effects of such agents. In addition, clinically-approved microtubule-directed agents, as well as clinically-active anti-neoplastic agents not specifically cytoskeletal-directed, were examined for their ability to potentiate cell enlargement, one of the hallmark features of microfilament-directed agents. Conditions for inducing @entity1283 and multinucleation of neoplastic cells with cytochalasin B were also defined. RESULTS: U937 and MCF7 cells have differing sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents indicating that different regimens will likely be needed for various cell types in concomitant cytochalasin B-mediated chemotherapy. It was noted that microtubule-directed agents ( @entity1311 and @entity1891 ) would likely have a synergistic effect with @entity2389 as they produced a substantial enlargement in viable cells at their 50% inhibitory (IC50) values. Interestingly, @entity632 and @entity1138 also produced considerable cell enlargement, suggesting that nucleic acid-directed agents may be used to further enhance the cell-enlargement and multinucleation effects of microfilament-directed agents if appropriate sequences and concentrations can be found for the combination of agents. A subsequent publication in this series will examine the optimal combinations of chemotherapeutic agents with microfilament-directed agents in regards to drug concentrations and sequential timing. U937 cells exposed to cytochalasin B exhibited substantial cell enlargement and multinucleation that was still prevalent 8 days post-administration depending on the concentration used. CONCLUSION: Taken together, it appears that cytochalasin B has substantial synergistic potential with microtubule- and nucleic acid-directed agents.

title: Enlargement and Multinucleation of U937 @entity1778 and MCF7 XXXX Cells by Antineoplastic Agents to Enhance Sensitivity to Low Frequency Ultrasound and to DNA-directed Anticancer Agents.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: Our objective was to clarify if preoperative chemotherapy was associated with improved survival in Japanese @entity1 with Siewert type II @entity420 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 86 @entity1 with Siewert type II @entity420 who underwent R0 resection at the Kitasato University between 1997 and 2013. Cox regression analysis using a backward stepwise selection method was performed to identify independent prognostic factors for relapse-free survival (RFS). RESULTS: The median age was 67 years. The male:female ratio was 74:12. Right thoracic, left thoracic and transhiatal approaches were performed in 10, 10 and 66 @entity1 , respectively, and perioperative transfusion in 16 @entity1 . Preoperative chemotherapy was administered to 19 @entity1 ; out of these, 13 received chemotherapy using the DCS regimen ( @entity1205 40 mg/m(2), day 1; @entity900 60 mg/m(2), day 1; S-1 80-120 mg/body, days 1-14; every 28 days). A median of three cycles of preoperative DCS chemotherapy were used. Histological responses of 1b, 2, 3 and unknown grades were obtained in three, three, four and three @entity1 , respectively. The 5-year RFS rate was 55%, and the median follow-up period was 36 months. Cox regression analysis regarding RFS identified (y)pN1-3 [hazard ratio (HR)=4.44; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.98-11.27], performance of perioperative transfusion (HR=4.71; 95% CI=1.69-11.88) and no preoperative chemotherapy (HR=3.75; 95% CI=1.22-14.26) as significant and independent indicators of poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: Preoperative chemotherapy using DCS is potentially beneficial for Japanese @entity1 with Siewert type II @entity420 . Further prospective clinical studies are required to confirm our findings.

title: Benefit of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Siewert Type II Esophagogastric Junction XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity572 is usually elected for @entity8650 below the lesser trochanter of the femur. The operation is performed with the @entity1 in a posterolateral position; in the first phase of the procedure the surgeon stands anterior to the @entity1 . After incision of the skin and division of the femoral vessels and nerve, muscles of the anterior thigh are transected off the pelvic bone from lateral to medial starting with the sartorius and finishing with the adductor magnus. Muscles are divided at their origin except for the iliopsoas and obturator externus which are divided at their insertion on the lesser trochanter of the femur. The quadratus femoris muscle is identified and preserved, then the flexor muscles are transected at their site of origin from the ischial tuberosity. During the next phase the surgeon is posterior to the @entity1 , and the pelvis is rotated from the posterolateral to the anterolateral position. After completion of the skin incision, the @entity28894 , @entity392 , and the gluteus maximus muscles are divided and dissected free of their posterior attachments to expose the muscles inserting by way of a common tendon onto the greater trochanter. These muscles are then transected at their insertion on the bone. The posterior aspect of the joint capsule is then exposed and transected. Finally, the sciatic nerve is divided and allowed to retract beneath the piriformis muscle. To close the wound the preserved muscles are approximated over the joint capsule and the @entity28894 secured to the inguinal ligament over suction drains. The skin is closed with interrupted sutures.

title: A surgical technique for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bony and soft tissue tumors']

entities_list: @entity28894 :: ('MESH:C531783', 'Disease') :: ['gluteal fascia']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tensor fascia lata']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['Hip disarticulation']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip disarticulation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Ovarian reserve is the main factor influencing the efficacy of @entity249 treatment. Currently the anti- M  llerian hormone is the main indicator of the ovarian reserve and has a wide spectrum of clinical importance. It achieved a high clinical value right after the introduction of the first commercial @entity248 assays in 2005. Lack further research and development of the tests and monopoly on their production have led to a significant reduction of their quality resulting in lowered veracity and usefulness. Therefore, we searched for an alternative to the Beckman Coulter assay. The objective of the study was to draw a comparison between the commonly used second-generation assay by Beckman Coulter and the ultra-sensitive first-generation assay by AnshLabs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum samples (n=520) were collected from female @entity1 undergoing routine @entity248 evaluation before entering an IVF program. We chose samples of @entity1 with the lowest correlation between the @entity248 serum level and response to stimulation. The @entity248 serum levels of the @entity1 were examined using two @entity248 tests, the second-generation assay by Beckman Coulter and the first-generation assay by AnshLabs. Precision and accuracy of both methods were determined and the results of @entity248 serum levels of 130 @entity1 were correlated with the number of: antral follicles (AFC), follicles after stimulation, and the obtained cumulus cells. RESULTS: Both precision and accuracy of the compared methods were highly satisfactory. The coefficients of variation obtained in the study conducted on two different levels of control material were lower than 12% and the load did not exceed 9%. The study proved that both of the methods yielded comparable results. The coefficient of variation between the first-generation and the second-generation @entity248 assays was 0.871. CONCLUSION: Both methods might be applied in the evaluation of the ovarian reserve. The first- and second-generation assays show comparable correlation with the clinical effects of stimulation, however it seems that first-generation assays are a better alternative to the unstable second-generation kits. The results from the first-generation assays are distributed on a wider range, which facilitates clinical interpretation.

title: Comparison of the second-generation Beckman Coulter IVD and first-generation AnshLabs ELISA assays for anti-M  llerian hormone in XXXX undergoing IVF treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity546 is an important step in orthoplasty. Although its role in correcting mild curvature in distal and midshaft @entity2650 has been previously reported, its impact on @entity43928 ( @entity43928 ) correction in proximal defects warrants further investigation. Therefore, we sought to document the effect of degloving and proximal urethral dissection on @entity43928 correction in @entity1 with @entity4094 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 137 @entity1 who underwent @entity4094 repair between 1998 and 2006. @entity43928 , defined as mild (<30%), moderate (30%-45%), and severe (>45%), was recorded before @entity546 and after erection test. Percent improvement in @entity43928 and need for further treatment (beyond degloving and proximal dissection) based on preoperative degree of curvature were assessed. ANOVA test was used to compare improvement among the 3 groups. RESULTS: Mean age at repair was 14 months (range: 6-24). @entity546 associated with proximal urethral dissection when necessary was responsible for the improvement in the degree of curvature in 7 of 9 (77%) @entity1 with mild @entity43928 , 23 of 44 (52%) with moderate and 35 of 84 (40%) with severe @entity43928 . Additionally, degloving alone was sufficient for @entity43928 correction in 7 of 9 (77%) mild cases, 14 of 44 (30%) moderate and only 2 of 84 (2%) severe cases. The difference among these 3 groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity546 alone can correct @entity43928 . The percentage of improvement depends on the preoperative degree of curvature, with severe @entity43928 cases showing the least improvement.

title: Impact of XXXX and proximal ventral dissection on curvature correction in @entity1 with @entity4094 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['proximal hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity43928 :: ('MESH:D013121', 'Disease') :: ['ventral curvature', 'VC']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['Penile degloving', 'penile degloving']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['penile degloving']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity546 is an important step in orthoplasty. Although its role in correcting mild curvature in distal and midshaft @entity2650 has been previously reported, its impact on @entity43928 ( @entity43928 ) correction in proximal defects warrants further investigation. Therefore, we sought to document the effect of degloving and proximal urethral dissection on @entity43928 correction in @entity1 with @entity4094 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 137 @entity1 who underwent @entity4094 repair between 1998 and 2006. @entity43928 , defined as mild (<30%), moderate (30%-45%), and severe (>45%), was recorded before @entity546 and after erection test. Percent improvement in @entity43928 and need for further treatment (beyond degloving and proximal dissection) based on preoperative degree of curvature were assessed. ANOVA test was used to compare improvement among the 3 groups. RESULTS: Mean age at repair was 14 months (range: 6-24). @entity546 associated with proximal urethral dissection when necessary was responsible for the improvement in the degree of curvature in 7 of 9 (77%) @entity1 with mild @entity43928 , 23 of 44 (52%) with moderate and 35 of 84 (40%) with severe @entity43928 . Additionally, degloving alone was sufficient for @entity43928 correction in 7 of 9 (77%) mild cases, 14 of 44 (30%) moderate and only 2 of 84 (2%) severe cases. The difference among these 3 groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity546 alone can correct @entity43928 . The percentage of improvement depends on the preoperative degree of curvature, with severe @entity43928 cases showing the least improvement.

title: Impact of @entity546 and proximal ventral dissection on curvature correction in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['proximal hypospadias']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity546 is an important step in orthoplasty. Although its role in correcting mild curvature in distal and midshaft @entity2650 has been previously reported, its impact on @entity43928 ( @entity43928 ) correction in proximal defects warrants further investigation. Therefore, we sought to document the effect of degloving and proximal urethral dissection on @entity43928 correction in @entity1 with @entity4094 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 137 @entity1 who underwent @entity4094 repair between 1998 and 2006. @entity43928 , defined as mild (<30%), moderate (30%-45%), and severe (>45%), was recorded before @entity546 and after erection test. Percent improvement in @entity43928 and need for further treatment (beyond degloving and proximal dissection) based on preoperative degree of curvature were assessed. ANOVA test was used to compare improvement among the 3 groups. RESULTS: Mean age at repair was 14 months (range: 6-24). @entity546 associated with proximal urethral dissection when necessary was responsible for the improvement in the degree of curvature in 7 of 9 (77%) @entity1 with mild @entity43928 , 23 of 44 (52%) with moderate and 35 of 84 (40%) with severe @entity43928 . Additionally, degloving alone was sufficient for @entity43928 correction in 7 of 9 (77%) mild cases, 14 of 44 (30%) moderate and only 2 of 84 (2%) severe cases. The difference among these 3 groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity546 alone can correct @entity43928 . The percentage of improvement depends on the preoperative degree of curvature, with severe @entity43928 cases showing the least improvement.

title: Impact of @entity546 and proximal ventral dissection on curvature correction in XXXX with @entity4094 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: CONTEXT: Articular cartilage possesses poor natural healing mechanisms, and a variety of non-cell-based and cell-based treatments aim to promote regeneration of hyaline cartilage. DATA SOURCES: A review of the literature to December 2013 using PubMed with search criteria including the keywords stem cell, cell therapy, cell transplantation, cartilage, chondral, and chondrogenic. STUDY SELECTION: Forty-five articles were identified that employed local mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for @entity2720 in @entity1 . Nine comparative studies were identified, consisting of 3 randomized trials, 5 cohort studies, and 1 case-control study. STUDY TYPE: Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4. DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were assessed for stem cell source, method of implantation, comparison groups, and concurrent surgical techniques. RESULTS: Two studies comparing MSC treatment to autologous chondrocyte implantation found similar efficacy. Three studies reported clinical benefits with intra-articular MSC injection over non-MSC controls for cases undergoing debridement with or without marrow stimulation, although a randomized study found no significant clinical difference at 2-year follow-up but reported better 18-month magnetic resonance imaging and histologic scores in the MSC group. No @entity1 studies have compared intra-articular MSC therapy to non-MSC techniques for @entity571 in the absence of surgery. CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies appear safe and effective for @entity2720 in large animal preclinical models. Evidence for use in @entity1 , particularly, comparison with more established treatments such as autologous chondrocyte implantation and microfracture, is limited.

title: Cell therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disorders']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['joint disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High levels of blood lipids have been associated with high levels of coagulation factors. We investigated whether blood lipids influence the results of @entity3459 tests, including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and thrombin generation assay (TGA). METHODS: PT, aPTT, and TGA, along with procoagulant and anticoagulant factors, were measured in 488 normal individuals. @entity2067 status was assessed with prothrombin-induced by @entity2067 absence-II (PIVKA-II). RESULTS: The procoagulant factors II, VII, IX, X, and XI and anticoagulant factors protein C and protein S showed significant correlations with @entity412 , and the procoagulant factors II, V, VII, IX, X, XI, and XII and anticoagulant factors @entity5582 and protein C correlated with total @entity165 . There were no correlations of blood lipid levels with PIVKA-II levels. Subjects with high @entity412 levels (>= 200 mg/dL) showed shorter PT values than those with lower @entity412 levels. However, aPTT value was not changed in terms of blood lipid levels. In both 1 and 5 pM tissue factor-induced @entity10931 , subjects in the high- @entity412 or high- @entity165 groups (>= 240 mg/dL) had high levels of lag time, time-to-peak, and endogenous thrombin potential. Total @entity165 was a significant determinant of PT and TGA values. CONCLUSION: High blood lipids were related with @entity1003 activity in a normal population. Our findings are expected to help interpret the @entity3459 test results in individuals with high lipid levels.

title: Influence of blood lipids on XXXX test results.

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin K', 'vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['increased coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['global coagulation']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3459 :: (MESH:D025861,Disease) :: ['global coagulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The WHODAS 2.0 is an ICF-based multidimensional instrument developed for measuring disability. The present study analyzes the utility of the 36-item interviewer-administered version in a sample of @entity1 with @entity162 . There is no study to date that analyses how the scale works in a sample that only comprises such @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 291 @entity1 with @entity162 (42.6% males) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria from a cross-sectional study conducted in outpatient @entity146 clinics were enrolled. In addition to the WHODAS 2.0, @entity1 completed a comprehensive assessment battery including measures on psychopathology, functionality and quality of life. Analyses were centered on providing evidence on the validity and utility of the Spanish version of the WHODAS 2.0 in @entity162 @entity1 . RESULTS: Participation domain had the highest percentage of missing data (2.7%). Confirmatory factorial analysis was used to test three models formulated in the literature: six primary correlated factors, six primary factors with a single second-order factor, and six primary factors with two second-order factors. The three models were plausible, although the one formed by six correlated factors produced the best fit. Cronbach's alpha values ranged between .73 for the Self-care domain and .92 for Life activities, and the internal consistency of the total score was .96. Relationships between the WHODAS 2.0 and measures of psychopathology, functionality and quality of life were in the expected direction, and the scale was found to be able to differentiate among @entity1 with different intensity of clinical symptoms and work situation. LIMITATIONS: The percentage of euthymic @entity1 was considerable. However, the assessment of euthymic @entity1 is less influenced by mood. Some psychometric properties have not been studied, such as score stability and sensitivity to change. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the 36-item WHODAS 2.0 has suitable psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity when applied to @entity1 with @entity162 . Disability in @entity162 @entity1 is especially prominent in Cognition, Getting along, Life activities, and Participation domains, so functional remediation interventions should emphasize these areas in order to improve the daily living activities of these @entity1 .

title: Disability in XXXX : The 36-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar', 'bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar I disorder']


abstract: It is necessary to adhere to a uniform time of @entity204 . To determine this, the normatively relevant concept of @entity204 and the criteria for @entity204 in terms of medical proof must be distinguished. The notion of @entity204 , which must be determined as a matter of first priority, is not something which is medically predetermined but is a normative convention. According to the legal view prevailling today, this does not depend on complete cessation of biological activities, or on the cessation of heart and breathing activity, but solely on @entity1620 , i.e. (to quote from pertinent commentary of the scientific advisory board of the Federal Chamber of Physicians), on the "complete and irreversible collapse of the overall function of the brain with a circulatory function which can still be maintained in the rest of the body." @entity1620 is characterized by the irreversible loss of cerebral and brainstem function. Death of the @entity1 is the extreme boundary of therapeutic activity which the physician may not transgress. Irreversible and total loss of function of the brain thus justifies the doctor in discontinuing his measures and indeed compels him to do so. The physician should preserve life and help the dying @entity1 , but should not prolong @entity204 . Even before the extreme limit of @entity1620 , intensive therapy may no longer be indicated, so that the physician is not obliged to make further efforts to prolong life.

title: [Legal problems of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death', 'Brain death']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['establishing death', 'death']

answer: @entity1620 :: (MESH:D001926,Disease) :: ['brain death']


abstract: Results of surgical treatment in 85 cases with metastatic @entity1313 are reviewed. The lung was the most frequent site of @entity75 and the following sites were GI tract and the breast. Adequate treatment consisted of total removal of @entity5 , irradiation and/or chemotherapy were carried out in 51 cases. The remaining 34 cases had an unsuccessful treatment because of their poor physical condition. Mean survival time after adequate treatment was 8.75 months in the former group and 3.06 months in the latter group. Of 51 @entity1 (86.3%) in the former group, 44 showed improvement of the neurological signs after treatment. In the latter group, only 14 @entity1 (41.2%) revealed @entity16 . @entity5 was carried out in 55 of 85 cases. The one-month operative mortality for all @entity1 was 19.2%. Postoperative one-year survival rate was 12.5% in 16 cases with multiple @entity3 and in 36 cases with single @entity3 was 25.6%. Follow-up study of 77 cases showed 31.2% of survival rate in 6 months, 18.2% in one-year and 5.2% in two-years. Only four @entity1 survived more than 3 years after treatment. The direct causes of @entity204 in cases of total removal were attributed in recurrence of @entity75 or remote @entity3 to other organs. This study revealed that the prognosis of the @entity1 with metastatic @entity1313 was influenced by existence of @entity428 due to @entity2657 or @entity3 itself and @entity3 to other organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Results of the surgical treatment of metastatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Total removal of tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological improvement']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Demographic factors such as ethnicity may affect bariatric surgery outcomes. We examined @entity353 and co-morbidities outcomes in African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The primary aim was to investigate demographic differences in @entity353 and co-morbidities outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively examined weight change and co-morbidities outcomes in our prospective database. A total of 1,903 @entity1 underwent LAGB or RYGB between January 1, 2005 and March 31, 2012. Of those, 1828 completed their 1-year follow-up visit (9-15 mo) and had complete data. We excluded @entity1 who were missing ethnicity information, resulting in a final cohort of 1,684 @entity1 . Multivariate analyses and   (2) tests were used to examine demographic variables in body mass index (BMI) change, percent excess @entity353 (%EWL), and remission of co-morbidities. We also examined @entity353 outcomes at 2- and 3-year follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, those who underwent RYGB had a lower BMI and greater %EWL at 1, 2, and 3 years compared to those who had undergone LAGB. Overall, African American @entity1 had a higher postoperative BMI than either Caucasian or Hispanic @entity1 . African American @entity1 also showed less %EWL than Caucasian and Hispanic @entity1 . When we examined within surgery type, ethnic differences between African American and Caucasian @entity1 were present across all 3 years in RYGB, but there were no ethnic differences by year 3 in LAGB. Additionally, African American and Hispanic @entity1 no longer differed by year 3 in RYGB and by year 2 in LAGB. There were no significant ethnic differences in remission of @entity6 , @entity407 , @entity101 , and sleep @entity386 at 1 year. CONCLUSION: Our study found significant ethnic differences in the postoperative BMI and %EWL, which were more pronounced in @entity1 undergoing RYGB than LAGB at the 3-year time point. These @entity353 differences did not translate to a lower rate of co-morbidities remission.

title: Ethnic variation in XXXX , but not co-morbidity remission, after laparoscopic gastric banding and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intrinsic @entity340 is the most common complication of @entity4503 . Phenotypically, it ranges from @entity7874 to redundant or prolapsing regurgitant leaflets. The underlying molecular mechanism underpinning phenotype heterogeneity of @entity340 in BAV is poorly understood. We used RNA-sequencing to identify genes and pathways responsible for @entity340 in BAV, compared to tricuspid aortic valve ( @entity16491 ). Comparative transcriptome analysis on total RNA of aortic valve tissues of @entity1 with diseased BAV (n=5) and calcified @entity16491 (n=3). A total of 59 and 177 genes were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, in BAV compared to @entity16491 . Hierarchical clustering indicated heterogeneity within the BAV group, separating those with heavy calcification (BAVc) from those with redundant leaflets and/or minimal calcification (BAVr). Interestingly, the gene expression profile of the BAVc group closely resembled the @entity16491 , with shared up- and downregulation of inflammatory and NOTCH1 signaling pathways, respectively. Downregulation of matrix protease ADAMTS9 and protein aggrecan were observed in BAVr compared to @entity16491 . Dysregulation of fetal gene programs were also present, with notable downregulation of SEMA6B and SEMA3F in BAVr and BAVc compared to @entity16491 , respectively. Upregulation of @entity41277 was observed exclusively in BAVr compared to BAVc. In conclusion, diverging molecular mechanisms underpin phenotype heterogeneity of @entity340 in BAV and data from the present study suggest that there may be shared mechanisms leading to calcification in BAV and @entity16491 . Recognition of these pathways is fundamental to improve our understanding of the molecular basis of @entity1 @entity4503 .

title: Comparative transcriptome profiling in @entity1 XXXX using RNA-sequencing.

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease', 'BAV disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['calcific aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular degeneration', 'valvular degeneration and dysfunction']

answer: @entity4503 :: (MESH:C562388,Disease) :: ['bicuspid aortic valve disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intrinsic @entity340 is the most common complication of @entity4503 . Phenotypically, it ranges from @entity7874 to redundant or prolapsing regurgitant leaflets. The underlying molecular mechanism underpinning phenotype heterogeneity of @entity340 in BAV is poorly understood. We used RNA-sequencing to identify genes and pathways responsible for @entity340 in BAV, compared to tricuspid aortic valve ( @entity16491 ). Comparative transcriptome analysis on total RNA of aortic valve tissues of @entity1 with diseased BAV (n=5) and calcified @entity16491 (n=3). A total of 59 and 177 genes were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, in BAV compared to @entity16491 . Hierarchical clustering indicated heterogeneity within the BAV group, separating those with heavy calcification (BAVc) from those with redundant leaflets and/or minimal calcification (BAVr). Interestingly, the gene expression profile of the BAVc group closely resembled the @entity16491 , with shared up- and downregulation of inflammatory and NOTCH1 signaling pathways, respectively. Downregulation of matrix protease ADAMTS9 and protein aggrecan were observed in BAVr compared to @entity16491 . Dysregulation of fetal gene programs were also present, with notable downregulation of SEMA6B and SEMA3F in BAVr and BAVc compared to @entity16491 , respectively. Upregulation of @entity41277 was observed exclusively in BAVr compared to BAVc. In conclusion, diverging molecular mechanisms underpin phenotype heterogeneity of @entity340 in BAV and data from the present study suggest that there may be shared mechanisms leading to calcification in BAV and @entity16491 . Recognition of these pathways is fundamental to improve our understanding of the molecular basis of @entity1 @entity4503 .

title: Comparative transcriptome profiling in XXXX @entity4503 using RNA-sequencing.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Exposure of @entity35 to elevated dietary salt following recovery from @entity810 ( @entity810 ) accelerates the transition to @entity740 ( @entity740 ), and is dependent on lymphocyte activity. Here we tested whether high salt diet triggers lymphocyte activation in @entity8 and @entity82 . Male @entity35 on a 0.4% salt diet were subjected to left unilateral @entity63 -reperfusion and allowed to recover for 5 weeks. This resulted in a mild elevation of @entity11264 (+) T cells relative to sham animals. Contralateral unilateral nephrectomy and elevated dietary salt (4%) for 4 extra weeks hastened @entity740 and @entity82 . @entity3457 cells were increased in the kidney threefold after 4 weeks of elevated dietary salt exposure relative to post- @entity810 @entity35 before salt feeding. The T cell subset was largely positive for @entity7940 , indicative of Th-17 cells. Because @entity1808 activity may influence lymphocyte activation, injured @entity35 were given the @entity1809 antagonist, @entity9886 , along with high salt diet. This significantly reduced the number of renal Th-17 cells to levels of sham @entity35 , and significantly reduced the salt-induced increase in @entity82 to about half. In vitro studies in @entity810 -primed @entity11264 (+) T cells indicated that @entity1808 and extracellular @entity1372 enhanced, and @entity9886 inhibited, @entity7940 expression. Thus, dietary salt modulates immune cell activity in postischemic recovering kidneys because of the activity of local RAS, suggesting the participation of these cells in @entity740 progression post- @entity810 .

title: Th-17 cell activation in response to high salt following @entity810 is associated with progressive XXXX and attenuated by @entity1809 antagonism.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic kidneys to worsen renal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['Activated T']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: Exposure of @entity35 to elevated dietary salt following recovery from @entity810 ( @entity810 ) accelerates the transition to @entity740 ( @entity740 ), and is dependent on lymphocyte activity. Here we tested whether high salt diet triggers lymphocyte activation in @entity8 and @entity82 . Male @entity35 on a 0.4% salt diet were subjected to left unilateral @entity63 -reperfusion and allowed to recover for 5 weeks. This resulted in a mild elevation of @entity11264 (+) T cells relative to sham animals. Contralateral unilateral nephrectomy and elevated dietary salt (4%) for 4 extra weeks hastened @entity740 and @entity82 . @entity3457 cells were increased in the kidney threefold after 4 weeks of elevated dietary salt exposure relative to post- @entity810 @entity35 before salt feeding. The T cell subset was largely positive for @entity7940 , indicative of Th-17 cells. Because @entity1808 activity may influence lymphocyte activation, injured @entity35 were given the @entity1809 antagonist, @entity9886 , along with high salt diet. This significantly reduced the number of renal Th-17 cells to levels of sham @entity35 , and significantly reduced the salt-induced increase in @entity82 to about half. In vitro studies in @entity810 -primed @entity11264 (+) T cells indicated that @entity1808 and extracellular @entity1372 enhanced, and @entity9886 inhibited, @entity7940 expression. Thus, dietary salt modulates immune cell activity in postischemic recovering kidneys because of the activity of local RAS, suggesting the participation of these cells in @entity740 progression post- @entity810 .

title: Th-17 cell activation in response to high salt following @entity810 is associated with progressive @entity82 and attenuated by XXXX antagonism.

answer: @entity1809 :: (24180(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['AT-1R']