abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous sclerotherapy is an alternative to surgery for the treatment of @entity2694 (LMs). We present a large series of @entity1 undergoing sclerotherapy for macrocystic LMs with detailed visual acuity (VA) outcome data. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively in all @entity1 with macrocystic orbital LMs undergoing sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy was performed under general anaesthesia, instilling @entity13420 under imaging control. Procedures were repeated at 2-week to 6-week intervals, depending on clinical response. @entity1 underwent ophthalmological assessment, ultrasound and/or MRI before and after treatment. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: change in maximal radiological diameter of the LM. Secondary outcome measure: change in VA after treatment. RESULTS: 29 @entity1 underwent 71 procedures (1-8 procedures per @entity1 ) over 6.7   years. Mean age=7.31   years. 11 @entity1 (37.9%) had undergone previous treatment, including excision biopsy, drainage and decompression. All @entity1 presented with proptosis and/or pseudoptosis. 23 @entity1 (79.3%) had decreased VA at presentation. Average follow-up was 21.8   months (range 3-75   months). All @entity1 achieved a reduction in maximal lesion diameter of >= 50%, with complete radiological resolution in 51.7% (n=15). VA improved in 18/23 @entity1 (78.2%). Average logMAR before treatment=0.43 (SD   0.47); average after treatment=0.25 (SD   0.32); p<0.01. There was one complication (1.4%): one @entity1 required a lateral canthotomy for an intralesional haematoma 2   h after sclerotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Sclerotherapy is a safe and highly effective treatment for orbital LMs with excellent VA outcomes. It should be considered as the first-line treatment for this condition.

title: Sclerotherapy treatment of XXXX : a large single-centre experience.

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital lymphatic malformations']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13420 :: ('MESH:D012981', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium tetradecyl sulfate']

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['orbital lymphatic malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The foot fat pad (FFP) bears body weight and may become a source of foot @entity158 during aging. This study investigated the regenerative effects of autologous @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) in the FFP of @entity35 . METHODS: Fat tissue was harvested from a total of 30 male @entity35 for isolation of @entity1386 . The cells were cultured, adipogenic differentiation was induced for 1 week, and the @entity1386 were labeled with fluorescent dye before injection. @entity1386 (5 * 10(4) in 50   L of saline) were injected into the second infradigital pad in the right hindfoot of the @entity35 of origin. Saline only (50   L) was injected into the corresponding fat pad in the left hind paw of each @entity35 . @entity35 (n = 10) were euthanized at 1, 2, and 3 weeks, and the second infradigital fat pads were dissected for histologic examination. RESULTS: The fluorescence-labeled @entity1386 were present in the foot pads throughout the 3-week experimental period. On histologic testing, the area of fat pad units (FPUs) in the fat pads that received AT-MSC injections was greater than that in the control fat pads. Although the thickness of septae was not changed by AT-MSC injections, the density of elastic fibers in the septae was increased in the fat pads with @entity1386 . CONCLUSION: In this short-term study, the @entity1386 largely survived and might have stimulated the expansion of individual FPUs and increased the density of elastic fibers in the FFP in this @entity35 model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These data support the development of stem cell therapies for age-associated degeneration in FFP in @entity1 .

title: Implantation of Autologous Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Foot Fat Pad in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['AT-MSCs', 'adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells', 'implanted AT-MSCs']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity75 is a rare but important cause of @entity360 . Current endoscopic methods used to treat @entity75 include injection, with or without thermal methods, and mechanical methods. The latter include variceal ligation and hemoclips. There are no studies comparing the outcomes of @entity2144 and injection with or without thermal therapy. AIM: To report the outcomes of @entity75 treated endoscopically with @entity2144 and injection with or without thermal therapy at a single institution. METHODS: @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity75 treated endoscopically at the Carl T. Hayden VA Medical Center in Phoenix, between August 1994 and August 2002 were analyzed. Demographic data, mode of presentation, risk factors for @entity360 , hemodynamic parameters, blood transfusion requirements, endoscopic findings, details of endoscopic therapy, length of stay in ICU/hospital, complications, recurrence of @entity548 , and mortality rates were collected and compared between those receiving endoscopic band ligation (EBL group) and those receiving injection with or without thermal therapy (non-EBL group). RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 with @entity75 (14 in the EBL group and nine in the non-EBL group) were studied. All @entity1 were @entity1 . The mean age, hemoglobin levels on admission, and the transfusion requirements before therapy were similar in both groups. Fourteen @entity1 (eight in the EBL- and six in the non-EBL groups) presented with hematemesis and the remaining with melena. The majority of @entity75 (91.3%) were located in the stomach and two in the duodenum. Active @entity548 at the time of endoscopy was seen in 61% of cases, and immediate hemostasis was achieved with either method in 100% of @entity1 . Early rebleeding (within 72 hours of endoscopic therapy) occurred in only one @entity1 treated with @entity1425 plus heater probe therapy. The length of stay in ICU was longer in the non-EBL group (6.7 days) compared with the EBL group (1.8 days) (P = 0.2). There were six deaths (three in the non-EBL group and three in the EBL group) within 30 days of the index hospitalization. The causes of death included @entity281 (n = 3), complications of @entity583 (n = 2), and @entity3851 (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic @entity2144 is as effective as injection with or without thermal therapy in the treatment of @entity75 .

title: Outcomes of endoscopic treatment of gastroduodenal Dieulafoy's lesion with XXXX and thermal/injection therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ["Dieulafoy's lesion", "Dieulafoy's lesions"]

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['rubber band ligation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection/sepsis']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity2144 :: (MESH:D020315,Disease) :: ['rubber band ligation']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective self-assessment analysis of a consecutive series of adult @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1635 of adolescent onset or de novo @entity179 . PURPOSE: To analyze the impact that @entity1635 has on @entity1 health perceptions. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There exists little data studying the effect @entity1635 has on an adult's self-perception of health. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were: age > or =18 years, Cobb angle greater than 10 degrees, @entity85 , no prior surgery (spine), and complete records. Each @entity1 completed the standard Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. For each @entity1 , radiographic and clinical data were evaluated. After all data were collected, the mean, standard deviation (SD), and true N values of the Cobb angle were calculated. This study population was then divided into two groups: @entity1 with a Cobb angle greater than 10 degrees and @entity1 with a Cobb angle greater than 20 degrees. Comparison of the SF-36 data for @entity1635 @entity1 with the United States general population, the United States general population ages 55-64, and @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity1643 was undertaken. RESULTS: The mean age for the @entity1 in this study was 63 years of age; 22 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity1635 of adolescent onset and 27 @entity1 had de novo @entity179 . The Cobb angle in this study group was found to be greater than 20 degrees in 41 @entity1 ; of these @entity1 , 19 @entity1 had a diagnosis of @entity1635 of adolescent onset and 22 @entity1 had a diagnosis of de novo @entity179 . Taken as a whole, the @entity1 in this study averaged scores much lower than the norms for both the general U.S. population in all 8 categories and the U.S. population for ages 55 to 64 in 7 out of 8 categories of the SF-36 questionnaire. Additionally, @entity1 with @entity1635 also showed lower scores compared to that of the norms found of @entity1 with comorbid conditions: @entity615 /sciatica with @entity101 in seven of the eight categories: physical functioning, role physical, bodily @entity158 , general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional, and mental health. Of the radiographic parameters analyzed, @entity393 revealed a significant correlation with social function: P = 0.018; role emotional: P = 0.038; and overall general health: P = 0.05. The other radiographic parameters did not reveal statistically significant correlation to the calculated SF-36 scores. CONCLUSION: Our data clearly demonstrate the impact that @entity1635 has on a @entity1 's perception of health. The severity of this impact is strikingly apparent in the SF-36 scores when compared to benchmark data on @entity1 with comorbid conditions such as @entity615 and @entity101 . It is our conclusion that @entity1635 is becoming a medical condition of significant impact, affecting the fastest growing section of our society to a previously unrecognized degree.

title: XXXX : a health assessment analysis by SF-36.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'adult scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative or idiopathic deformity']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['Adult scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of double cross plasty for management of obstructive or non obstructive transverse @entity365 . METHODS: 13 @entity1 presented either as cryptomenorrhoea or as @entity249 / @entity546 were diagnosed to have transverse @entity365 . They were subjected to double cross plasty and were subsequently followed up for period of two years. RESULTS: 13 @entity1 presented either as cryptomenorrhoea or @entity249 / @entity546 . Nine @entity1 had transverse @entity365 at low level, three at midlevel, and one had high-level septum. The thickness of septum was 1-3 cms in 12 @entity1 . Double cross plasty was performed in all @entity1 . One @entity1 with high @entity365 which was thick needed bilateral labial flaps. All @entity1 were followed up to period of 2  years and none had @entity256 . Three @entity1 had pregnancies with vaginal delivery in two of them. CONCLUSION: Double cross plasty for management of transverse @entity365 is a better technique compared with currently used surgical methods. In our series, it did not cause @entity256 and some of our @entity1 were able to deliver vaginally.

title: Double Cross Plasty for Management of Transverse XXXX : A 20-Year Retrospective Review of Our Experience.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal septum']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['Vaginal Septum']


abstract: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) and @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ), encoded by the @entity3842 loci, play an important role in negative regulation of the cell cycle. Furthermore, @entity7000 (ARF) also encoded by the @entity3842 locus, has been shown to regulate positively the @entity899 pathway leading to growth arrest and apoptosis. All three genes have been inactivated in @entity1 @entity5 . In myeloid cells, @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) mRNA is upregulated during cytokine-induced @entity851 , and hypermethylation of the @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) gene promoter region is a common event in @entity3052 . In the present study, we examined @entity19 monocyte/macrophage @entity5 with deregulated c-myc for evidence of Ink4 gene inactivation. @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) mRNA and protein were detected in the majority of @entity1778 , and @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) mRNA and protein were highly expressed in two of them. pRb was in a hypophosphorylated state in most of the @entity5 indicating that the Cdk inhibitors that were expressed in the cells were functional. The observed expression of @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) is inconsistent with their proliferation state, although it might be expected to be expressed owing to the maturity of the cells. These data suggest, therefore, that deregulated c-Myc bypasses the pRb restriction point and cell cycle arrest in these @entity5 . An examination of @entity7000 (Arf) exons revealed deletions of the gene in up to 94% of the @entity5 . Since this gene shares exon 2 with @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ), it is often difficult to determine which gene is the relevant @entity5 suppressor. However, the loss of only the @entity7000 was observed in a @entity5 that had normal @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) protein expression. In addition, the @entity7000 (Arf)-specific exon was deleted in another @entity5 that expressed a functional chimeric protein, p15Ex1-p16Ex2-3; it was demonstrated here that this fusion protein is capable of inducing @entity1167 . These data overall supports the hypothesis that the critical inactivation event in these @entity1583 is elimination of @entity7000 (Arf), and not Ink4 function.

title: Consistent inactivation of @entity7000 but not XXXX ( @entity3722 ) in @entity19 myeloid cells transformed in vivo by deregulated c-Myc.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['differentiation and/or growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic neoplasms']

answer: @entity3722 :: (12579(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p15']


abstract: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) and @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ), encoded by the @entity3842 loci, play an important role in negative regulation of the cell cycle. Furthermore, @entity7000 (ARF) also encoded by the @entity3842 locus, has been shown to regulate positively the @entity899 pathway leading to growth arrest and apoptosis. All three genes have been inactivated in @entity1 @entity5 . In myeloid cells, @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) mRNA is upregulated during cytokine-induced @entity851 , and hypermethylation of the @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) gene promoter region is a common event in @entity3052 . In the present study, we examined @entity19 monocyte/macrophage @entity5 with deregulated c-myc for evidence of Ink4 gene inactivation. @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) mRNA and protein were detected in the majority of @entity1778 , and @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) mRNA and protein were highly expressed in two of them. pRb was in a hypophosphorylated state in most of the @entity5 indicating that the Cdk inhibitors that were expressed in the cells were functional. The observed expression of @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) is inconsistent with their proliferation state, although it might be expected to be expressed owing to the maturity of the cells. These data suggest, therefore, that deregulated c-Myc bypasses the pRb restriction point and cell cycle arrest in these @entity5 . An examination of @entity7000 (Arf) exons revealed deletions of the gene in up to 94% of the @entity5 . Since this gene shares exon 2 with @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ), it is often difficult to determine which gene is the relevant @entity5 suppressor. However, the loss of only the @entity7000 was observed in a @entity5 that had normal @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) protein expression. In addition, the @entity7000 (Arf)-specific exon was deleted in another @entity5 that expressed a functional chimeric protein, p15Ex1-p16Ex2-3; it was demonstrated here that this fusion protein is capable of inducing @entity1167 . These data overall supports the hypothesis that the critical inactivation event in these @entity1583 is elimination of @entity7000 (Arf), and not Ink4 function.

title: Consistent inactivation of @entity7000 but not @entity3722 ( XXXX ) in @entity19 myeloid cells transformed in vivo by deregulated c-Myc.

answer: @entity3722 :: (12579(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Ink4b']


abstract: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) and @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ), encoded by the @entity3842 loci, play an important role in negative regulation of the cell cycle. Furthermore, @entity7000 (ARF) also encoded by the @entity3842 locus, has been shown to regulate positively the @entity899 pathway leading to growth arrest and apoptosis. All three genes have been inactivated in @entity1 @entity5 . In myeloid cells, @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) mRNA is upregulated during cytokine-induced @entity851 , and hypermethylation of the @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) gene promoter region is a common event in @entity3052 . In the present study, we examined @entity19 monocyte/macrophage @entity5 with deregulated c-myc for evidence of Ink4 gene inactivation. @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) mRNA and protein were detected in the majority of @entity1778 , and @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) mRNA and protein were highly expressed in two of them. pRb was in a hypophosphorylated state in most of the @entity5 indicating that the Cdk inhibitors that were expressed in the cells were functional. The observed expression of @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) is inconsistent with their proliferation state, although it might be expected to be expressed owing to the maturity of the cells. These data suggest, therefore, that deregulated c-Myc bypasses the pRb restriction point and cell cycle arrest in these @entity5 . An examination of @entity7000 (Arf) exons revealed deletions of the gene in up to 94% of the @entity5 . Since this gene shares exon 2 with @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ), it is often difficult to determine which gene is the relevant @entity5 suppressor. However, the loss of only the @entity7000 was observed in a @entity5 that had normal @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) protein expression. In addition, the @entity7000 (Arf)-specific exon was deleted in another @entity5 that expressed a functional chimeric protein, p15Ex1-p16Ex2-3; it was demonstrated here that this fusion protein is capable of inducing @entity1167 . These data overall supports the hypothesis that the critical inactivation event in these @entity1583 is elimination of @entity7000 (Arf), and not Ink4 function.

title: Consistent inactivation of XXXX but not @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) in @entity19 myeloid cells transformed in vivo by deregulated c-Myc.

answer: @entity7000 :: (12581(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p19(Arf)']


abstract: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) and @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ), encoded by the @entity3842 loci, play an important role in negative regulation of the cell cycle. Furthermore, @entity7000 (ARF) also encoded by the @entity3842 locus, has been shown to regulate positively the @entity899 pathway leading to growth arrest and apoptosis. All three genes have been inactivated in @entity1 @entity5 . In myeloid cells, @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) mRNA is upregulated during cytokine-induced @entity851 , and hypermethylation of the @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) gene promoter region is a common event in @entity3052 . In the present study, we examined @entity19 monocyte/macrophage @entity5 with deregulated c-myc for evidence of Ink4 gene inactivation. @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) mRNA and protein were detected in the majority of @entity1778 , and @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) mRNA and protein were highly expressed in two of them. pRb was in a hypophosphorylated state in most of the @entity5 indicating that the Cdk inhibitors that were expressed in the cells were functional. The observed expression of @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) is inconsistent with their proliferation state, although it might be expected to be expressed owing to the maturity of the cells. These data suggest, therefore, that deregulated c-Myc bypasses the pRb restriction point and cell cycle arrest in these @entity5 . An examination of @entity7000 (Arf) exons revealed deletions of the gene in up to 94% of the @entity5 . Since this gene shares exon 2 with @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ), it is often difficult to determine which gene is the relevant @entity5 suppressor. However, the loss of only the @entity7000 was observed in a @entity5 that had normal @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) protein expression. In addition, the @entity7000 (Arf)-specific exon was deleted in another @entity5 that expressed a functional chimeric protein, p15Ex1-p16Ex2-3; it was demonstrated here that this fusion protein is capable of inducing @entity1167 . These data overall supports the hypothesis that the critical inactivation event in these @entity1583 is elimination of @entity7000 (Arf), and not Ink4 function.

title: Consistent inactivation of @entity7000 but not @entity3722 ( @entity3722 ) in XXXX myeloid cells transformed in vivo by deregulated c-Myc.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The effects of @entity21594 , a converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI), on left ventricular (LV) diastolic stiffness and coronary vascular resistance (CVR), were studied with an isolated heart preparation in 15-month-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). The @entity101 animals were treated for 3 months with @entity21594 (0.3 mg/kg/day) (SHRT), and compared with untreated age-matched @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) and SHR. @entity21594 treatment resulted in 15% diminution in blood pressure (BP). In contrast, it completely normalized left ventricular (LV) weight. Untreated SHR, as compared with WKY, had a dilated LV and increased diastolic tissue stiffness. @entity21594 had no effect on either chamber or tissue stiffness. Five-minute @entity519 resulted in the same dramatic increase in chamber stiffness in every experimental group. During @entity519 , as during normoxia, tissue stiffness was still greater in SHR than in WKY. A major effect of CEI was to normalize the tissue stiffness of SHR under @entity519 . Coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was increased in SHR as compared with WKY. @entity21594 improves CVR and significantly shifts the coronary pressure flow curve to the dilatory side. Both collagen concentration (approximately 2 mg/g) and the content in slow V3 myosin isoform, used as biologic markers of cardiac senescence, were the same in the three experimental groups, but higher than in young hearts. @entity21594 had no effect on these parameters. In semisenescent SHR, despite having rather slight effect on arterial pressure, @entity21594 completely normalized LV weight. In addition, collagen content and its physiologic counterpart, tissue stiffness, were unaffected by 3-month treatment with @entity21594 . Nevertheless, the @entity519 -induced increase in LV tissue stiffness was improved by @entity21594 in parallel with reduction in @entity4346 ( @entity1184 ).

title: Regression of @entity4346 by converting enzyme inhibition in 12-15-month-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 : effects on coronary resistance and ventricular compliance in normoxia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity21594 :: ('MESH:C052035', 'Chemical') :: ['trandolapril', 'Trandolapril']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['anoxia']


abstract: The effects of @entity21594 , a converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI), on left ventricular (LV) diastolic stiffness and coronary vascular resistance (CVR), were studied with an isolated heart preparation in 15-month-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). The @entity101 animals were treated for 3 months with @entity21594 (0.3 mg/kg/day) (SHRT), and compared with untreated age-matched @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) and SHR. @entity21594 treatment resulted in 15% diminution in blood pressure (BP). In contrast, it completely normalized left ventricular (LV) weight. Untreated SHR, as compared with WKY, had a dilated LV and increased diastolic tissue stiffness. @entity21594 had no effect on either chamber or tissue stiffness. Five-minute @entity519 resulted in the same dramatic increase in chamber stiffness in every experimental group. During @entity519 , as during normoxia, tissue stiffness was still greater in SHR than in WKY. A major effect of CEI was to normalize the tissue stiffness of SHR under @entity519 . Coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was increased in SHR as compared with WKY. @entity21594 improves CVR and significantly shifts the coronary pressure flow curve to the dilatory side. Both collagen concentration (approximately 2 mg/g) and the content in slow V3 myosin isoform, used as biologic markers of cardiac senescence, were the same in the three experimental groups, but higher than in young hearts. @entity21594 had no effect on these parameters. In semisenescent SHR, despite having rather slight effect on arterial pressure, @entity21594 completely normalized LV weight. In addition, collagen content and its physiologic counterpart, tissue stiffness, were unaffected by 3-month treatment with @entity21594 . Nevertheless, the @entity519 -induced increase in LV tissue stiffness was improved by @entity21594 in parallel with reduction in @entity4346 ( @entity1184 ).

title: Regression of XXXX by converting enzyme inhibition in 12-15-month-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 : effects on coronary resistance and ventricular compliance in normoxia and @entity519 .

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: The effects of @entity21594 , a converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI), on left ventricular (LV) diastolic stiffness and coronary vascular resistance (CVR), were studied with an isolated heart preparation in 15-month-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). The @entity101 animals were treated for 3 months with @entity21594 (0.3 mg/kg/day) (SHRT), and compared with untreated age-matched @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) and SHR. @entity21594 treatment resulted in 15% diminution in blood pressure (BP). In contrast, it completely normalized left ventricular (LV) weight. Untreated SHR, as compared with WKY, had a dilated LV and increased diastolic tissue stiffness. @entity21594 had no effect on either chamber or tissue stiffness. Five-minute @entity519 resulted in the same dramatic increase in chamber stiffness in every experimental group. During @entity519 , as during normoxia, tissue stiffness was still greater in SHR than in WKY. A major effect of CEI was to normalize the tissue stiffness of SHR under @entity519 . Coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was increased in SHR as compared with WKY. @entity21594 improves CVR and significantly shifts the coronary pressure flow curve to the dilatory side. Both collagen concentration (approximately 2 mg/g) and the content in slow V3 myosin isoform, used as biologic markers of cardiac senescence, were the same in the three experimental groups, but higher than in young hearts. @entity21594 had no effect on these parameters. In semisenescent SHR, despite having rather slight effect on arterial pressure, @entity21594 completely normalized LV weight. In addition, collagen content and its physiologic counterpart, tissue stiffness, were unaffected by 3-month treatment with @entity21594 . Nevertheless, the @entity519 -induced increase in LV tissue stiffness was improved by @entity21594 in parallel with reduction in @entity4346 ( @entity1184 ).

title: Regression of @entity4346 by converting enzyme inhibition in 12-15-month-old spontaneously XXXX @entity35 : effects on coronary resistance and ventricular compliance in normoxia and @entity519 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The effects of @entity21594 , a converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI), on left ventricular (LV) diastolic stiffness and coronary vascular resistance (CVR), were studied with an isolated heart preparation in 15-month-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). The @entity101 animals were treated for 3 months with @entity21594 (0.3 mg/kg/day) (SHRT), and compared with untreated age-matched @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) and SHR. @entity21594 treatment resulted in 15% diminution in blood pressure (BP). In contrast, it completely normalized left ventricular (LV) weight. Untreated SHR, as compared with WKY, had a dilated LV and increased diastolic tissue stiffness. @entity21594 had no effect on either chamber or tissue stiffness. Five-minute @entity519 resulted in the same dramatic increase in chamber stiffness in every experimental group. During @entity519 , as during normoxia, tissue stiffness was still greater in SHR than in WKY. A major effect of CEI was to normalize the tissue stiffness of SHR under @entity519 . Coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was increased in SHR as compared with WKY. @entity21594 improves CVR and significantly shifts the coronary pressure flow curve to the dilatory side. Both collagen concentration (approximately 2 mg/g) and the content in slow V3 myosin isoform, used as biologic markers of cardiac senescence, were the same in the three experimental groups, but higher than in young hearts. @entity21594 had no effect on these parameters. In semisenescent SHR, despite having rather slight effect on arterial pressure, @entity21594 completely normalized LV weight. In addition, collagen content and its physiologic counterpart, tissue stiffness, were unaffected by 3-month treatment with @entity21594 . Nevertheless, the @entity519 -induced increase in LV tissue stiffness was improved by @entity21594 in parallel with reduction in @entity4346 ( @entity1184 ).

title: Regression of @entity4346 by converting enzyme inhibition in 12-15-month-old spontaneously @entity101 XXXX : effects on coronary resistance and ventricular compliance in normoxia and @entity519 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the rate of intrauterine adhesions after hysteroscopic resection of @entity5 areas and the efficacy of combined treatment. DESIGN: Observational retrospective study. SETTING: @entity1 affected by @entity1869 or early stage @entity1204 . @entity1 : Twenty-three @entity1 , up to 45 years of age. INTERVENTION: Conservative treatment based on hysteroscopic resection of @entity5 areas and subsequent therapy with @entity6303 160 mg/day. METHODS AND MAIN RESULTS: Approximately 5% of @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ) are diagnosed in @entity1 younger than 40 years old, usually with a good prognosis. From 2010 to 2014, 23 @entity1 , up to age 45 years, who were affected by @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ) grade 1 or @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) and who wished to preserve fertility, underwent conservative treatment based on hysteroscopic resection of the @entity5 areas and subsequent therapy with @entity6303 160 mg/day. Data with regard to age, body mass index, symptoms, history of @entity249 , and previous assisted reproductive technologies attempts, obstetrics history, previous diagnosis of intrauterine sinechiae, hysteroscopic findings, duration of therapy, follow-up reports, and reproductive outcomes were collected and analyzed. Of the 23 @entity1 enrolled in the study, 3 @entity1 (13%) presented with an endometrioid @entity1204 grade 1, and 20 @entity1 (87%) had @entity1373 . Twelve @entity1 (52.2%) had complete remission after 3 months of progestin therapy, 9 @entity1 (39.1%) had a complete remission after 6 months, and 2 (8.7%) @entity1 had remission after 9 months. Six @entity1 underwent a second hysteroscopic resection. The 3 @entity1 with an initial diagnosis of @entity1204 had complete remission after a mean of 4 months of high-dose progestin therapy; in @entity1 with @entity1373 , remission occurred after a mean of 3 months. In all @entity1 , intrauterine adhesions were not detected at any follow-up diagnostic hysteroscopy. After a median follow-up time of 25 months (range 8-37), we registered 1 (4.3%) relapse of disease. A total of 7 pregnancies in 6 @entity1 were counted, after an average time of 7.4 months (range 3-13 months) after the end of @entity1871 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Hysteroscopic resection of @entity5 areas before high dosage progestin therapy seems to be a safe and effective approach in the management of @entity1373 and in @entity1 with early @entity1204 who wish to preserve fertility.

title: Hysteroscopic Resection in Fertility-Sparing Surgery for XXXX and Endometrial Cancer: Safety and Efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'ECs', 'endometrial cancer', 'EC', 'endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic and/or cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical complex hyperplasia', 'ACH']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['Atypical Hyperplasia']


abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that @entity2643 treatment may represent a potential risk in @entity1 exposed to cardiac surgery. Conversely, @entity2643 has been suggested to be beneficial as an additive to cardioplegic solutions, but its use has not been tried in vivo. We evaluated hemodynamic, ECG, and possible toxicologic effects of @entity2643 when added to the cardioplegic solution. @entity1707 weighing (70 +/- 2 kg, n = 24) were exposed to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and hypothermic @entity1167 for 1 h with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) or St. Thomas' Hospital (St. Th.) cardioplegic solution. @entity2643 or the solvent was added to the solutions. Only @entity1707 receiving the lowest dose of @entity2643 (0.028 mg/g tissue) could be weaned from bypass. Higher doses resulted in graded @entity296 without recovery of electrical activity. Electron microscopy showed severely disintegrated myocytes and swollen mitochondria in @entity2643 -exposed hearts. No changes in equilibrium binding characteristics were observed for beta-adrenoceptors, whereas maximum binding capacity (MBC) and receptor affinity for voltage-operated @entity141 channels were dose-dependently decreased (mean 73%, p < 0.0005; 105%; p < 0.05). @entity141 paradoxlike findings similar to those in @entity1707 were inducible in isolated, in vitro perfused @entity35 heart exposed to normothermic or hypothermic @entity1167 with @entity195 and @entity2643 . This model was therefore used to evaluate whether the observed @entity296 was associated with excessive tissue @entity141 accumulation. Addition of @entity2643 to @entity195 was associated with a significant increase in 45 @entity141 content in the heart, irrespective of temperature. Only 2 of 13 hearts recovered some degree of mechanical activity during reperfusion. When @entity8162 (an antiarrhythmic drug with membrane-stabilizing properties, an effect that is potentiated by @entity2643 ) was removed from @entity195 , 45 @entity141 accumulation did not differ from that in controls and mechanical activity recovered fully in 7 of 8 hearts. In conclusion, @entity2643 added to @entity141 -free as well as @entity141 -containing cardioplegic solutions led to dose-dependent @entity296 at reperfusion, irrespective of temperature. In parallel with clinical features was a reduction in maximum binding capacity and a decrease in affinity for the @entity141 channel antagonist. Removal of @entity8162 from @entity195 prevented excessive @entity141 accumulation and mechanical deterioration in isolated heart. We hypothesize that @entity2643 administered under the conditions described may change the configuration of the @entity141 channel, rendering it more permeable to @entity141 . Pharmacologic interaction between @entity2643 and @entity8162 apparently is at least partly responsible for the increased @entity141 uptake and the stone-heart phenomenon during reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Dose-dependent cardiotoxic effect of @entity2643 in cardioplegic solutions correlates with loss of dihydropyridine binding sites: in vitro evidence for a potentially lethal interaction with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage', 'myocardial contractures']

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Bretschneider's", 'BS']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'chemical arrest']

answer: @entity8162 :: (MESH:D011343,Chemical) :: ['procaine']


abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that @entity2643 treatment may represent a potential risk in @entity1 exposed to cardiac surgery. Conversely, @entity2643 has been suggested to be beneficial as an additive to cardioplegic solutions, but its use has not been tried in vivo. We evaluated hemodynamic, ECG, and possible toxicologic effects of @entity2643 when added to the cardioplegic solution. @entity1707 weighing (70 +/- 2 kg, n = 24) were exposed to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and hypothermic @entity1167 for 1 h with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) or St. Thomas' Hospital (St. Th.) cardioplegic solution. @entity2643 or the solvent was added to the solutions. Only @entity1707 receiving the lowest dose of @entity2643 (0.028 mg/g tissue) could be weaned from bypass. Higher doses resulted in graded @entity296 without recovery of electrical activity. Electron microscopy showed severely disintegrated myocytes and swollen mitochondria in @entity2643 -exposed hearts. No changes in equilibrium binding characteristics were observed for beta-adrenoceptors, whereas maximum binding capacity (MBC) and receptor affinity for voltage-operated @entity141 channels were dose-dependently decreased (mean 73%, p < 0.0005; 105%; p < 0.05). @entity141 paradoxlike findings similar to those in @entity1707 were inducible in isolated, in vitro perfused @entity35 heart exposed to normothermic or hypothermic @entity1167 with @entity195 and @entity2643 . This model was therefore used to evaluate whether the observed @entity296 was associated with excessive tissue @entity141 accumulation. Addition of @entity2643 to @entity195 was associated with a significant increase in 45 @entity141 content in the heart, irrespective of temperature. Only 2 of 13 hearts recovered some degree of mechanical activity during reperfusion. When @entity8162 (an antiarrhythmic drug with membrane-stabilizing properties, an effect that is potentiated by @entity2643 ) was removed from @entity195 , 45 @entity141 accumulation did not differ from that in controls and mechanical activity recovered fully in 7 of 8 hearts. In conclusion, @entity2643 added to @entity141 -free as well as @entity141 -containing cardioplegic solutions led to dose-dependent @entity296 at reperfusion, irrespective of temperature. In parallel with clinical features was a reduction in maximum binding capacity and a decrease in affinity for the @entity141 channel antagonist. Removal of @entity8162 from @entity195 prevented excessive @entity141 accumulation and mechanical deterioration in isolated heart. We hypothesize that @entity2643 administered under the conditions described may change the configuration of the @entity141 channel, rendering it more permeable to @entity141 . Pharmacologic interaction between @entity2643 and @entity8162 apparently is at least partly responsible for the increased @entity141 uptake and the stone-heart phenomenon during reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Dose-dependent cardiotoxic effect of XXXX in cardioplegic solutions correlates with loss of dihydropyridine binding sites: in vitro evidence for a potentially lethal interaction with @entity8162 .

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: The relative contributions of @entity947 -preferring receptors (IPR) and alpha 2-adrenoceptors to @entity551 and bradycardic effects of intracisternal (i.c.) @entity23189 were investigated in conscious @entity95 . We compared the antagonist potencies of two alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity23190 (0.001-10 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has very low affinity for IPR, and @entity9006 (0.003-30 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has high affinity for blocking IPR. We also compared the i.c. effects of the antagonists on responses to @entity12833 (alpha- @entity601 ), a drug with centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist metabolites that have no affinity for IPR. @entity23189 (22 micrograms/kg i.c.) and alpha- @entity601 (400 micrograms/kg i.c.) produced similar decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (delta MAP = -23 +/- 2 and -24 +/- 2%, respectively) and in heart rate (HR) (delta HR = -11 +/- 1 and -9 +/- 2%, respectively, n = 30). The @entity551 and @entity1168 produced by alpha- @entity601 and @entity23189 were completely reversed by @entity23190 , but @entity23190 was 16 and 9 times more potent at restoring MAP and HR, respectively, after alpha- @entity601 than after @entity23189 . In contrast, @entity9006 was more potent in reversing the @entity551 elicited by i.c. injections of @entity23189 than that elicited by alpha- @entity601 . @entity9006 , however, had no effect on @entity23189 -induced @entity1168 , but did dose-dependently reverse the decrease in HR produced by alpha- @entity601 . In separate experiments, we observed that the doses of each antagonist drug in themselves did not modify MAP nor HR significantly, but a 10-fold higher dose of @entity9006 (300 micrograms/kg) caused immediate although brief @entity101 and @entity591 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -induced @entity551 in conscious @entity95 involves @entity947 -preferring receptors.

entities_list: @entity23189 :: ('MESH:C032302', 'Chemical') :: ['Rilmenidine', 'rilmenidine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['Idazoxan', 'idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity12833 :: ('MESH:D008750', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyldopa']

entities_list: @entity23190 :: ('MESH:C058525', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methoxy-idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity947 :: ('CHEBI:53094', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazoline']

answer: @entity23189 :: (MESH:C032302,Chemical) :: ['Rilmenidine']


abstract: The relative contributions of @entity947 -preferring receptors (IPR) and alpha 2-adrenoceptors to @entity551 and bradycardic effects of intracisternal (i.c.) @entity23189 were investigated in conscious @entity95 . We compared the antagonist potencies of two alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity23190 (0.001-10 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has very low affinity for IPR, and @entity9006 (0.003-30 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has high affinity for blocking IPR. We also compared the i.c. effects of the antagonists on responses to @entity12833 (alpha- @entity601 ), a drug with centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist metabolites that have no affinity for IPR. @entity23189 (22 micrograms/kg i.c.) and alpha- @entity601 (400 micrograms/kg i.c.) produced similar decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (delta MAP = -23 +/- 2 and -24 +/- 2%, respectively) and in heart rate (HR) (delta HR = -11 +/- 1 and -9 +/- 2%, respectively, n = 30). The @entity551 and @entity1168 produced by alpha- @entity601 and @entity23189 were completely reversed by @entity23190 , but @entity23190 was 16 and 9 times more potent at restoring MAP and HR, respectively, after alpha- @entity601 than after @entity23189 . In contrast, @entity9006 was more potent in reversing the @entity551 elicited by i.c. injections of @entity23189 than that elicited by alpha- @entity601 . @entity9006 , however, had no effect on @entity23189 -induced @entity1168 , but did dose-dependently reverse the decrease in HR produced by alpha- @entity601 . In separate experiments, we observed that the doses of each antagonist drug in themselves did not modify MAP nor HR significantly, but a 10-fold higher dose of @entity9006 (300 micrograms/kg) caused immediate although brief @entity101 and @entity591 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity23189 -induced XXXX in conscious @entity95 involves @entity947 -preferring receptors.

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: The relative contributions of @entity947 -preferring receptors (IPR) and alpha 2-adrenoceptors to @entity551 and bradycardic effects of intracisternal (i.c.) @entity23189 were investigated in conscious @entity95 . We compared the antagonist potencies of two alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity23190 (0.001-10 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has very low affinity for IPR, and @entity9006 (0.003-30 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has high affinity for blocking IPR. We also compared the i.c. effects of the antagonists on responses to @entity12833 (alpha- @entity601 ), a drug with centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist metabolites that have no affinity for IPR. @entity23189 (22 micrograms/kg i.c.) and alpha- @entity601 (400 micrograms/kg i.c.) produced similar decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (delta MAP = -23 +/- 2 and -24 +/- 2%, respectively) and in heart rate (HR) (delta HR = -11 +/- 1 and -9 +/- 2%, respectively, n = 30). The @entity551 and @entity1168 produced by alpha- @entity601 and @entity23189 were completely reversed by @entity23190 , but @entity23190 was 16 and 9 times more potent at restoring MAP and HR, respectively, after alpha- @entity601 than after @entity23189 . In contrast, @entity9006 was more potent in reversing the @entity551 elicited by i.c. injections of @entity23189 than that elicited by alpha- @entity601 . @entity9006 , however, had no effect on @entity23189 -induced @entity1168 , but did dose-dependently reverse the decrease in HR produced by alpha- @entity601 . In separate experiments, we observed that the doses of each antagonist drug in themselves did not modify MAP nor HR significantly, but a 10-fold higher dose of @entity9006 (300 micrograms/kg) caused immediate although brief @entity101 and @entity591 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity23189 -induced @entity551 in conscious XXXX involves @entity947 -preferring receptors.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The relative contributions of @entity947 -preferring receptors (IPR) and alpha 2-adrenoceptors to @entity551 and bradycardic effects of intracisternal (i.c.) @entity23189 were investigated in conscious @entity95 . We compared the antagonist potencies of two alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity23190 (0.001-10 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has very low affinity for IPR, and @entity9006 (0.003-30 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has high affinity for blocking IPR. We also compared the i.c. effects of the antagonists on responses to @entity12833 (alpha- @entity601 ), a drug with centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist metabolites that have no affinity for IPR. @entity23189 (22 micrograms/kg i.c.) and alpha- @entity601 (400 micrograms/kg i.c.) produced similar decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (delta MAP = -23 +/- 2 and -24 +/- 2%, respectively) and in heart rate (HR) (delta HR = -11 +/- 1 and -9 +/- 2%, respectively, n = 30). The @entity551 and @entity1168 produced by alpha- @entity601 and @entity23189 were completely reversed by @entity23190 , but @entity23190 was 16 and 9 times more potent at restoring MAP and HR, respectively, after alpha- @entity601 than after @entity23189 . In contrast, @entity9006 was more potent in reversing the @entity551 elicited by i.c. injections of @entity23189 than that elicited by alpha- @entity601 . @entity9006 , however, had no effect on @entity23189 -induced @entity1168 , but did dose-dependently reverse the decrease in HR produced by alpha- @entity601 . In separate experiments, we observed that the doses of each antagonist drug in themselves did not modify MAP nor HR significantly, but a 10-fold higher dose of @entity9006 (300 micrograms/kg) caused immediate although brief @entity101 and @entity591 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity23189 -induced @entity551 in conscious @entity95 involves XXXX -preferring receptors.

answer: @entity947 :: (CHEBI:53094,Chemical) :: ['imidazoline']


abstract: @entity162 is a highly heritable illness that onsets in adolescence and young adulthood. We examined gene expression (mRNA) and protein levels of candidate immune and @entity2100 in well-characterized offspring of @entity162 in order to identify reliable indicators of illness risk status and the early clinical stages of illness development. We measured mRNA expression and protein levels in candidate immune ( @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity71380 ( @entity2252 ( @entity2252 )) markers from plasma. High-risk offspring were identified from families in which one parent had confirmed @entity162 . Control offspring were identified from families in which neither parent met lifetime criteria for a major @entity146 . All parental Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnoses were based on Schedule for Affective Disorders - Lifetime Version (SADS-L) interviews and blind consensus review. As part of an ongoing study, all offspring were prospectively assessed using KSADS-PL format interviews and diagnoses confirmed on blind consensus review. High-risk offspring had significantly increased @entity650 (p   =   0.050) and @entity2252 (p   =   0.006) protein levels compared to controls. Those high-risk offspring in earlier compared to later clinical stages of illness development had higher @entity650 (p   =   0.050) and @entity2252 (p   =   0.045) protein levels. After adjustments, only differences in @entity2252 protein levels remained significant. There was a moderating effect of the @entity2252 genotype on both gene expression and protein levels in high-risk compared to control offspring. The @entity2252 genotype also moderated the association between clinical stage and gene expression levels in high-risk offspring. These findings provide support for detectable differences in candidate immune and @entity2100 in individuals at high risk of developing @entity162 and for detectable changes over the clinical stages of illness development. These associations appear to be moderated by genetic variants.

title: Immunological and @entity2100 of risk status and illness development in high-risk youth: understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'Bipolar disorder', 'bipolar parents']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic markers']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: @entity162 is a highly heritable illness that onsets in adolescence and young adulthood. We examined gene expression (mRNA) and protein levels of candidate immune and @entity2100 in well-characterized offspring of @entity162 in order to identify reliable indicators of illness risk status and the early clinical stages of illness development. We measured mRNA expression and protein levels in candidate immune ( @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity71380 ( @entity2252 ( @entity2252 )) markers from plasma. High-risk offspring were identified from families in which one parent had confirmed @entity162 . Control offspring were identified from families in which neither parent met lifetime criteria for a major @entity146 . All parental Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnoses were based on Schedule for Affective Disorders - Lifetime Version (SADS-L) interviews and blind consensus review. As part of an ongoing study, all offspring were prospectively assessed using KSADS-PL format interviews and diagnoses confirmed on blind consensus review. High-risk offspring had significantly increased @entity650 (p   =   0.050) and @entity2252 (p   =   0.006) protein levels compared to controls. Those high-risk offspring in earlier compared to later clinical stages of illness development had higher @entity650 (p   =   0.050) and @entity2252 (p   =   0.045) protein levels. After adjustments, only differences in @entity2252 protein levels remained significant. There was a moderating effect of the @entity2252 genotype on both gene expression and protein levels in high-risk compared to control offspring. The @entity2252 genotype also moderated the association between clinical stage and gene expression levels in high-risk offspring. These findings provide support for detectable differences in candidate immune and @entity2100 in individuals at high risk of developing @entity162 and for detectable changes over the clinical stages of illness development. These associations appear to be moderated by genetic variants.

title: Immunological and XXXX of risk status and illness development in high-risk youth: understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of @entity162 .

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['neurotrophic markers']


abstract: A monoclonal antibody, Jel 466, was prepared from @entity19 immunized with @entity71381 . The binding of Jel 466 to nucleic acids was characterized by solid phase radioimmunoassays and competition experiments. There was no binding to single-stranded DNAs or to duplexes which could not form triplexes. In addition, the antibody preferred the triplex form of @entity71382 ; it bound weakly to the triplex derived from @entity71383 , but there was no interaction with poly[d(T)].poly[d(A)].poly[d(T)]. This pattern of specificity is very different from that of Jel 318, a triplex-specific antibody that will bind to poly[d(T)].poly[d(A)].poly[d(T)]. The @entity535 sequence of Jel 466 also showed very little homology with Jel 318, although both contain many positively charged @entity1522 . The immunofluorescent staining of @entity19 and @entity1 chromosomes with Jel 466 was studied. In all cases, there was a marked reciprocal relationship between the pattern of Jel 466 on the one hand and that of Hoechst 33258 and Jel 318 on the other. Jel 466 was negative for C-band and G-band but positive for R-band, whereas the opposite was found for Hoechst and Jel 318. Since C and G-bands are AT-rich and R-bands are GC-rich, these staining patterns match the sequence preferences of the two antibodies. Thus the base composition of triplex-forming DNA differs from domain to domain.

title: Characterization of a new monoclonal antibody to triplex DNA and immunofluorescent staining of XXXX chromosomes.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: PURPOSE: Detection of @entity189 in @entity1 with @entity0 may aid the establishment of prognosis and development of new therapeutic approaches. To improve on existing methods of detection, we have developed a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for @entity4166 ( @entity4166 ) transcripts to identify mammary @entity189 cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Peripheral-blood or bone marrow samples obtained from 34 @entity1 with stages I to IV @entity0 and 39 control subjects without @entity0 were screened for @entity4166 mRNA by nested primer PCR. RESULTS: In reconstitution experiments, @entity4166 RT-PCR reliably detected 10 mammary @entity189 cells in 1 million normal peripheral-blood mononuclear (PBMN) cells. Four of 19 @entity1 with @entity0 had detectable @entity4166 transcript in peripheral blood. Five of six @entity1 with histologically negative bone marrow biopsies following preablative chemotherapy and before autologous bone marrow transplant (BMT) were positive by this assay. Stem-cell apheresis harvests obtained from one of these @entity1 and three additional @entity1 immediately before BMT were all @entity4166 -negative. @entity4166 RT-PCR analysis of CSF from a @entity0 @entity1 with known @entity3909 was also positive. Thirty-eight of 39 non- @entity0 @entity1 had negative @entity4166 RT-PCR assays. The one exception was a @entity1 with @entity1860 . CONCLUSION: RT-PCR of @entity4166 is a sensitive, specific, and rapid method for detection of occult mammary @entity189 cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of @entity1 with @entity0 . The presence of residual @entity0 cells in histologically normal bone marrow aspirates but not in stem-cell apheresis harvests is a frequent finding. This assay may be useful in diagnosing metastatic disease, as well as in monitoring the effectiveness of systemic therapy.

title: Sensitive detection of occult XXXX by the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['occult carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: 1. Activation of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors in caudal nucleus tractus solitarii (cNTS) neurons elicited endogenous rhythmic activities. We used an in vitro brain stem slice preparation to determine the ionic mechanisms underlying the generation of these activities. 2. Using intracellular recordings, we found several ionic conductances to be responsible for the electrophysiological properties of cNTS neurons. After addition of @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) to the perfusate, cNTS neurons were still able to generate action potentials (APs). Because these APs were suppressed by the addition of @entity1953 or by the reduction of @entity460 , they were likely due to @entity460 currents (ICa). In addition, the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that followed a train of @entity4524 -resistant APs was reduced in both low- @entity460 and @entity1953 -containing saline. It was therefore suggested that @entity460 -activated @entity972 (IKCa) currents were involved in the AHP. Accordingly, application of apamin, a blocker of slow IKCa, also decreased the AHP. cNTS neurons exhibited a delayed excitation phenomenon, characterized by a ramplike depolarization that delayed the onset of neuronal firing, when they were depolarized from hyperpolarizing potential. The underlying current was presumed to be an A-current (IKA), because this phenomenon was suppressed during application of @entity973 (4-AP). 3. Application of @entity143 elicited different types of discharge patterns in cNTS neurons: a repetitive firing at depolarized levels of membrane potential (above -60 mV) and rhythmic patterns characterized by either rhythmic bursting or rhythmic single discharges at hyperpolarized levels (within membrane potential range of -60 to -85 mV). In all neurons, rhythmic patterns were superimposed on oscillations of membrane potential. They were characterized by a sudden shift of membrane potential, followed by a ramp-shaped phase of depolarization that preceded spike elicitation. Addition of @entity4524 to the saline did not suppress @entity143 -induced oscillations. Therefore rhythmic patterns were not driven by synaptic mechanisms but resulted from endogenous properties of cNTS neurons. 4. APs superimposed on @entity143 -induced depolarizations presented the same characteristics as those elicited by positive current pulses. @entity143 -elicited oscillations of membrane potential were eliminated by removing @entity1760 from the saline. Therefore oscillation generation was based primarily on the @entity143 channel properties. 5. Intrinsic conductances of cNTS neurons interacted with @entity143 -gated conductances to shape the depolarization waveform. Because removal of @entity460 from the saline suppressed endogenous oscillations, ICa currents were required for the expression of rhythmic activities. IKCa currents were involved in the repolarization phase of oscillations because apamin increased the duration of the oscillations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Ionic basis for endogenous rhythmic patterns induced by activation of XXXX receptors in neurons of the rat nucleus tractus solitarii.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Notch is a single-pass transmembrane receptor protein expressed by T cells, which contributes to the pathogenesis of @entity565 through regulation of the development and differentiation of T cells. y-Secretase inhibitor (GSI) acts as an effective blocker of Notch signalling. The present study aimed to investigate the role of GSI @entity45672 in T cell differentiation and antigen-induced @entity32 . An OVA-induced @entity32 @entity19 model was established. Blockade of Notch signalling was achieved using @entity45672 . The expression of @entity58 , @entity59 , IFN-y, @entity5234 signalling and pro-inflammatory transcription factors in activated lung T cells was evaluated. Finally, the therapeutic effect of @entity45672 was investigated by @entity6175 and @entity1711 staining, real-time PCR and ELISA. The expression of @entity58 and @entity59 decreased and that of IFN-y increased significantly, and the protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory transcription factors reduced in active lung T cells after administration of @entity45672 , compared to the control group. @entity45672 treatment prevented OVA-induced @entity32 and histological changes. The serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of @entity58 and @entity59 in @entity45672 -treated @entity19 decreased significantly, whereas those of IFN-y increased, relative to the levels in OVA-challenged animals treated with PBS. Our findings indicate that Notch signalling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity565 and that @entity45672 may be a potential therapeutic target for allergen-induced @entity32 .

title: Blockade of Notch Signalling by y-Secretase Inhibitor in Lung T Cells of Asthmatic XXXX Affects T Cell Differentiation and Pulmonary Inflammation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subacute @entity4941 (SGT) is an inflammatory disease that presents with different clinical and cytological characteristics. Although the diagnosis is generally made clinically, imaging methods and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) may provide assistance, particularly in atypical cases. The objective of this study is to reveal the ultrasonographic (USG) and cytological characteristics of SGT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical, USG and cytological findings of 21 cases diagnosed with SGT were reviewed. RESULTS: Ultrasonographic data was available in 20 cases. A @entity9384 with irregular margins was detected in 12 of the 20 total cases. Of these, 9 cases complained about @entity158 in the thyroid lodge and generally had unilateral lesions, heterogeneous and hypoechoic areas with indistinct margins, rather than nodular lesions, which were seen in 7 cases. Cytologically, the multinuclear giant cells (MNGCs) found in all cases were accompanied by a dirty background containing varying numbers of @entity738 , including isolated epithelioid histiocytes, proliferated/regenerated follicle epithelium cells and inflammatory cells and colloid. CONCLUSION: Though hypoechoic and heterogeneous areas with irregular margins are strongly associated with @entity1374 , SGT may also appear as @entity158 or painless hypoechoic, solid nodules and generate challenges in differential diagnosis. Although the most remarkable characteristic observed in FNA cytology was the presence of multiple MNGCs with cytoplasm, a dirty background accompanied by mild-moderate cellularity, degenerated-proliferated follicular epithelium cells, rare epithelioid @entity738 and mixed type inflammatory cells are characteristic for SGT. The assessment of these radiological and cytological findings in conjunction with clinical findings will assist in the achievement of an accurate diagnosis.

title: Subacute granulomatous (De Quervain's) XXXX : Fine-needle aspiration cytology and ultrasonographic characteristics of 21 cases.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous structures', 'granulomas']

entities_list: @entity4941 :: ('MESH:D013968', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['hypoechoic thyroid nodule']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroiditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of anterior cruciate @entity130 in female athletes exceeds that in male athletes at similar competitive levels. This difference has been attributed by some authors to hormone-mediated alteration in knee laxity in @entity1 . HYPOTHESIS: @entity742 anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament strength and stiffness are not altered by administration for 6 months of @entity172 or a selective @entity172 receptor agonist ( @entity441 ). STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Thirty-eight mature ewes were divided into five groups: sham operation (N = 6), ovariectomy (N = 9), ovariectomy and @entity53 implant (N = 7), low-dose @entity441 (N = 9), and high-dose @entity441 (N = 7). After 6 months, the animals were sacrificed and ligaments were tested along with those from five rams' knees. RESULTS: No differences were found between treatment groups for maximum force, stiffness, @entity177 , or failure site. The ultimate stress of the rams' anterior cruciate ligaments was significantly higher than that of the ewes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity172 and @entity172 receptor agonists at physiologic levels do not lead to decreased knee ligament strength. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The female hormonal milieu may not be responsible for the increased incidence of @entity130 in female athletes compared with their male counterparts.

title: Lack of hormonal influences on mechanical properties of XXXX knee ligaments.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['anterior cruciate ligament injury', 'ligament injuries']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['energy to failure']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The proportion of @entity1 with stage 1 @entity703 receiving partial nephrectomy is considered a quality of care indicator. The objective of this study was to characterize surgical practice patterns at Canadian academic institutions for the treatment of these @entity5 . METHODS: The @entity703 ( @entity703 ) is a multicentre collaboration of 13 academic institutions in Canada. All @entity1 with pathologic stage T1 @entity703 in @entity703 were identified. Descriptive statistics were performed to characterize practice patterns over time. Associations between @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment factors with the use of partial nephrectomy were determined. RESULTS: From 1988 to April 2014, 1453 @entity1 with pathologic stage 1 @entity703 were entered in the @entity703 database. Of these, 977 (67%) @entity1 had pT1a @entity5 ; of these, 765 (78%) received partial nephrectomy. Of the total number of @entity1 (1453), 476 (33%) had pT1b @entity5 ; of these, 204 (43%) received partial nephrectomy. The use of partial nephrectomy increased over time from 60% to 90% for pT1a @entity5 and 20% to 60% for pT1b @entity5 . Stage pT1b (relative risk [RR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50-0.63) and minimally invasive surgical approach (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.73-0.84 for pT1a and RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.17-0.30 for pT1b) were associated with decreased use of partial nephrectomy. Most @entity1 factors including age, gender, body mass index, @entity101 , and renal function were not significantly associated with use of partial nephrectomy (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Almost all pT1a and most pT1b @entity703 managed surgically at academic centres in Canada receive partial nephrectomy. The use of partial versus radical nephrectomy appears to occur independently of @entity1 age and comorbid status, which may indicate that urologists are performing partial nephrectomy whenever technically feasible based on @entity5 factors. Although the ideal proportion @entity1 receiving partial nephrectomy cannot be determined, treatment distribution observed in this cohort may indicate an achievable case distribution among experienced surgeons.

title: Surgical management of stage T1 XXXX at Canadian academic centres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Canadian Kidney Cancer Information System', 'CKCis', 'renal tumours']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of use of alternative @entity5 therapies, as well as the characteristics of the @entity1 who use these therapies, and their experiences with them. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Outpatient departments of several hospitals in North-Holland. METHOD: In total, 1091 @entity1 were asked to participate in the study; 949 @entity1 agreed (87%): 535 @entity1 (56%) and 414 @entity1 , with an average age of 62 years. The sample was stratified by diagnosis: 233 breast, 183 lung, 278 stomach/ @entity694 and 255 @entity1 with various other @entity5 diagnoses. A structured face-to-face interview and several written questionnaires were used. RESULTS: 2XOf the 949 @entity1 , 9.4% were currently using an alternative therapy in addition to conventional treatment, and 5.8% had used an alternative treatment in the past but had subsequently stopped. @entity1 using alternative therapies were relatively younger and more highly educated than @entity1 who chose not to use these therapies. Use of alternative therapies was more frequent among @entity1 undergoing palliative treatment and @entity1 who were actively dealing with the problems surrounding their disease. Only a minority of the @entity1 believed they could be cured by the alternative therapy; the majority hoped it would help to slow the progression of their disease or strengthen their resistance. CONCLUSION: The motivation for seeking alternative treatment more often appears to be fear and uncertainty rather than belief in the efficacy of the treatment. For many @entity1 the use of alternative therapies represents a means of dealing with the @entity148 and stress surrounding their disease.

title: [Alternative treatments in XXXX ; extent and background of utilization].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: An experimental @entity625 induced by injection of @entity4563 and carrageenan into the knee joint resulted in a temporal relationship between @entity2227 dorsal horn content and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) which was positively correlated. Limping, guarding, increased response to heat stimuli ( @entity1931 ) and altered staining patterns for @entity2227 ( @entity367 ), substance @entity10133 ), and calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity4655 ) were monitored in the awake behaving arthritic @entity35 over a 1 week time course. A decrease in PWL occurred on the side ipsilateral to the inflamed knee as early as 4 h after the induction of @entity625 indicating the animals are @entity1931 . The PWL remained decreased through the first 24 h. Computer-assisted quantification of the density of immunohistochemical staining indicated the content of @entity367 , SP and @entity4655 was altered differentially throughout the time course of the @entity625 . The changes observed for all three substances occurred across the entire superficial dorsal horn. There was an initial depletion of SP followed by an increase in both SP and @entity4655 content which was maintained through 1 week. The @entity367 content was increased during the @entity1931 period. The @entity367 changes followed the same time course and were positively correlated with the changes in PWL. In a small group of animals injected with @entity4563 and carrageenan, @entity1931 did not develop. In this group of animals, no change in dorsal horn @entity367 or SP content occurred. Rather, there was an increase in @entity4655 content in the middle portion of the superficial dorsal horn which is the termination site of knee joint afferents. These data indicate that the development of @entity1931 is dependent on @entity367 and possibly SP. Since @entity32 of the knee joint does not involve the foot pad, the @entity1931 observed during the first 24 h following induction of @entity625 represents a central neuronal sensitization.

title: Behavioral and immunohistochemical changes in an experimental XXXX model in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'heat hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: An experimental @entity625 induced by injection of @entity4563 and carrageenan into the knee joint resulted in a temporal relationship between @entity2227 dorsal horn content and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) which was positively correlated. Limping, guarding, increased response to heat stimuli ( @entity1931 ) and altered staining patterns for @entity2227 ( @entity367 ), substance @entity10133 ), and calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity4655 ) were monitored in the awake behaving arthritic @entity35 over a 1 week time course. A decrease in PWL occurred on the side ipsilateral to the inflamed knee as early as 4 h after the induction of @entity625 indicating the animals are @entity1931 . The PWL remained decreased through the first 24 h. Computer-assisted quantification of the density of immunohistochemical staining indicated the content of @entity367 , SP and @entity4655 was altered differentially throughout the time course of the @entity625 . The changes observed for all three substances occurred across the entire superficial dorsal horn. There was an initial depletion of SP followed by an increase in both SP and @entity4655 content which was maintained through 1 week. The @entity367 content was increased during the @entity1931 period. The @entity367 changes followed the same time course and were positively correlated with the changes in PWL. In a small group of animals injected with @entity4563 and carrageenan, @entity1931 did not develop. In this group of animals, no change in dorsal horn @entity367 or SP content occurred. Rather, there was an increase in @entity4655 content in the middle portion of the superficial dorsal horn which is the termination site of knee joint afferents. These data indicate that the development of @entity1931 is dependent on @entity367 and possibly SP. Since @entity32 of the knee joint does not involve the foot pad, the @entity1931 observed during the first 24 h following induction of @entity625 represents a central neuronal sensitization.

title: Behavioral and immunohistochemical changes in an experimental @entity625 model in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chiropractors are frequent providers of care for @entity1 with @entity615 . Biopsychosocial approaches to managing @entity1 are regarded as best practice and are gaining wider acceptance. Recent evidence suggests that practitioners' attitudes and beliefs may also have an important effect on @entity1 ' recovery from back @entity158 . Past studies have pooled manual therapists from differing professions. Dissonant findings have been hypothesised as being a result of the chiropractic subpopulation within multi-practitioner @entity1 pools who are hypothesised to focus on biomedical aspects of  treatment and minimize biopsychosocial dimensions. The aim of this study is to determine whether a study population of only chiropractors would demonstrate similar attitudes and beliefs to other manual therapists' biopsychosocial or biomedical approach to the management of their @entity1 . METHODS: A survey of chiropractors in Victoria Australia in September 2010 was undertaken utilising the Pain Attitude and Belief Scale (PABS.PT), a tool which has been developed to determine the orientation (biopsychosocial or biomedical approach) of practitioners to the management of @entity1 with @entity1643 . The survey also obtained demographic data from respondents to determine whether variables such as education, gender or practice related factors influenced their orientation. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 29% (n   =   218). The majority of the sample was male (68%), with a mean age of 44 years. The 6 point Likert scale scores were 34.5 (6.3) for the biomedical factor scale and 31.4 (4.1) for the biopsychosocial scale. Internal consistency of the psychosocial subscale was poor. None of the demographic variables were found to influence the biomedical or psychosocial scales. CONCLUSIONS: Chiropractors in the state of Victoria were found to have similar biomedical and psychosocial orientations in their attitudes and beliefs when compared to other manual therapists' levels of previous studies from differing cultural and educational backgrounds. This study was unable to replicate any of the relationships from past studies with any of the demographic variables. The psychosocial scale internal consistency may be a significant factor in this non-finding. Future research should address the identification of more robust items of the biopsychosocial attitudes of Victorian chiropractors toward treating @entity615 .

title: Attitudes and beliefs of Australian chiropractors' about managing back XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: PPAR gamma was a key nuclear receptor, playing an important role in the immune defense and the anti-inflammatory mechanism. In this study, the full-length PPAR gamma (EcPPAR gamma) was obtained, containing a 5'UTR of 133  bp, an ORF of 1602  bp and a 3'UTR of 26  bp besides the poly (A) tail. The EcPPAR gamma gene encoded a protein of 533 @entity1522 with an estimated molecular mass of 60.02  KDa and a predicted isoelectric point (pI) of 6.26. The deduced @entity535 sequence showed that EcPPAR gamma consisted of the conserved residues and the domains known to be critical for the PPAR gamma function. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that EcPPAR gamma transcript was expressed in all the examined tissue, while the strong expression was observed in intestine, followed by the expression in liver, gill, spleen heart, kidney and muscle. Vibrio challenge could stimulate the inflammatory response in grouper and induce a sharp increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, while the up-regulation of vibrio-induced @entity32 could also increase the non-specific immune defense. The groupers challenged with @entity12671 showed a sharp increase of EcPPAR gamma transcript in immune tissues. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that EcPPAR gamma was distributed in the nucleus. Furthermore, overexpression of EcPPAR gamma could down-regulated the expression of IL1b, IL6, TNF1 and TNF2. In addition, the administration of PPAR gamma antagonist, @entity4301 , could up-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including IL1b, IL6, TNF1 and TNF2. Together, these results indicated that EcPPAR gamma serving as a negative regulator of pro-inflammatory cytokines may play an important role in the immune defense against vibrio-induced @entity32 in grouper.

title: Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of PPAR gamma in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) after the XXXX challenge.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity12671 :: ('663', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio alginolyticus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity12671 :: (663,Species) :: ['Vibrio alginolyticus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to document the prevalence of, and recovery from, injuries of the femoral nerve associated with displaced @entity174 . METHODS: From 1986 to 2001, 726 @entity174 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Four @entity1 who had an @entity2096 associated with a displaced @entity174 were identified and were followed for a mean of 3.4 years. The @entity128 was iatrogenic in two @entity1 and traumatic in two @entity1 . RESULTS: Clinically detectable quadriceps femoris motor function returned at an average of eighteen weeks (range, four to fifty-two weeks). All @entity1 had satisfactory recovery of nerve function with a return of grade-4 or 5 motor power (the level of motor power needed to allow a normal gait) by an average of ten months (range, three to twenty-four months). Sensory recovery was incomplete but not debilitating. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative examination of a @entity1 who has an @entity174 should include an assessment of femoral nerve function. Regardless of whether the injury is traumatic or iatrogenic in origin, recovery of motor and sensory function without surgical exploration can be expected. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, Level II-1 (retrospective study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: XXXX associated with @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the femoral nerve']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular fractures', 'acetabular fracture']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['Injury of the femoral nerve']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to document the prevalence of, and recovery from, injuries of the femoral nerve associated with displaced @entity174 . METHODS: From 1986 to 2001, 726 @entity174 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Four @entity1 who had an @entity2096 associated with a displaced @entity174 were identified and were followed for a mean of 3.4 years. The @entity128 was iatrogenic in two @entity1 and traumatic in two @entity1 . RESULTS: Clinically detectable quadriceps femoris motor function returned at an average of eighteen weeks (range, four to fifty-two weeks). All @entity1 had satisfactory recovery of nerve function with a return of grade-4 or 5 motor power (the level of motor power needed to allow a normal gait) by an average of ten months (range, three to twenty-four months). Sensory recovery was incomplete but not debilitating. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative examination of a @entity1 who has an @entity174 should include an assessment of femoral nerve function. Regardless of whether the injury is traumatic or iatrogenic in origin, recovery of motor and sensory function without surgical exploration can be expected. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, Level II-1 (retrospective study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: @entity2096 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['acetabular fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO) is a potent vasodilator that was initially described as the mediator of endothelium-dependent relaxation (endothelium-derived relaxing factor, @entity12834 ). It is now known that NO is produced by a variety of other cell types. SUMMARY OF REVIEW: Endothelium produces NO ( @entity12834 ) under basal conditions and in response to a variety of vasoactive stimuli in large cerebral arteries and the cerebral microcirculation. Endothelium-dependent relaxation is impaired in the presence of several pathophysiological conditions. This impairment may contribute to @entity2806 or @entity64 . Activation of @entity2227 receptors appears to be a major stimulus for production of NO by neurons. Neuronally derived NO may mediate local increases in cerebral blood flow during increases in cerebral metabolism. NO synthase-containing neurons also innervate large cerebral arteries and cerebral arterioles on the brain surface. Activation of parasympathetic fibers that innervate cerebral vessels produces NO-dependent increases in cerebral blood flow. Increases in cerebral blood flow during @entity2944 also appear to be dependent on production of NO. Astrocytes may release some NO constitutively, but astrocytes and microglia can release relatively large quantities of NO after induction of NO synthase in response to endotoxin or some cytokines. Expression of @entity3623 , perhaps in response to local production of cytokines, may exert cytotoxic effects in brain during or after @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: Because endothelium, neurons, and glia can all produce NO in response to some stimuli, the influence of NO on the cerebral circulation appears to be very important. Under normal conditions, constitutively produced NO influences basal cerebral vascular tone and mediates vascular responses to a diverse group of stimuli. The inducible form of NO synthase produces much greater amounts of NO that may be an important mediator of @entity137 in brain.

title: XXXX and the cerebral circulation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between primary treatment, @entity1973 , @entity250 , and general health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in @entity263 . METHODS: A sample of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity263 between 1994 and 1995 was randomly selected from six population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries. A baseline survey was completed by 2,306 @entity1 within 6 to 12 months of diagnosis, and these @entity1 also completed a follow-up HRQOL survey 2 years after diagnosis. @entity2357 models were used to determine whether primary treatment, @entity1973 , and @entity250 were independently associated with general HRQOL outcomes approximately 2 years after diagnosis as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey. The magnitude of this effect was estimated using least square means models. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, primary treatment was not associated with 2-year general HRQOL outcomes in @entity1 with @entity263 . Urinary function and bother were independently associated with worse general HRQOL in all domains. Sexual function and bother were also independently associated with worse general HRQOL, although the relationship was not as strong as in the urinary domains. CONCLUSION: Primary treatment is not associated with 2-year general HRQOL outcomes in @entity263 . Although both @entity458 and bother are associated with quality of life, @entity1 who are more bothered by their urination or @entity323 are more likely to report worse quality of life. This implies that future research should be directed toward finding ways to improve treatment-related outcomes or help @entity1 better cope with their posttreatment urinary or @entity250 .

title: General quality of life 2 years following treatment for XXXX : what influences outcomes? Results from the @entity263 outcomes study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['urinary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual and urinary function']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between primary treatment, @entity1973 , @entity250 , and general health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in @entity263 . METHODS: A sample of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity263 between 1994 and 1995 was randomly selected from six population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries. A baseline survey was completed by 2,306 @entity1 within 6 to 12 months of diagnosis, and these @entity1 also completed a follow-up HRQOL survey 2 years after diagnosis. @entity2357 models were used to determine whether primary treatment, @entity1973 , and @entity250 were independently associated with general HRQOL outcomes approximately 2 years after diagnosis as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey. The magnitude of this effect was estimated using least square means models. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, primary treatment was not associated with 2-year general HRQOL outcomes in @entity1 with @entity263 . Urinary function and bother were independently associated with worse general HRQOL in all domains. Sexual function and bother were also independently associated with worse general HRQOL, although the relationship was not as strong as in the urinary domains. CONCLUSION: Primary treatment is not associated with 2-year general HRQOL outcomes in @entity263 . Although both @entity458 and bother are associated with quality of life, @entity1 who are more bothered by their urination or @entity323 are more likely to report worse quality of life. This implies that future research should be directed toward finding ways to improve treatment-related outcomes or help @entity1 better cope with their posttreatment urinary or @entity250 .

title: General quality of life 2 years following treatment for @entity263 : what influences outcomes? Results from the XXXX outcomes study.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the prostatic stenting device--the Urolume--both in terms of relief from @entity3585 and as a means of reducing waiting lists. @entity1 AND METHODS: A group of 70 @entity1 from the long-term waiting list were chosen for this study. The Urolume, a mesh tube of biomedical superalloy, was successfully introduced in 60 of these @entity1 . The majority had the procedure performed as a day case, under a general anaesthetic. RESULTS: Seventy-two per cent of @entity1 were symptomatically better when assessed at 6 weeks and their mean peak urinary flow rates had doubled. Early problems included haematuria, urge @entity322 and @entity3833 . Stent displacement necessitating removal occurred in 10 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This technique offers the surgeon a quick and atraumatic method of relieving @entity3585 . There are, however, a number of problems associated with this technique which will probably be overcome by modification to the Urolume. As a result of our project, the waiting time for prostatic surgery was reduced from 3 years to under 2 years.

title: The Urolume as a means of treating XXXX and its impact on waiting lists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['urinary outflow obstruction']

answer: @entity3585 :: (MESH:D014694,Disease) :: ['urinary outflow obstruction']