abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a method of choice for surgical treatment of diseases of gallbladder. Although most surgeons today use laparoscopic cholecystectomy in treatment of severe acute @entity2679 , most surgeons still consider acute @entity2679 a relevant contraindication for laparoscopic cholecystectomy because of "confused" anatomy and "severe" pathology. Aim of the study was to analyze laparoscopic cholecystectomy outcomes in treatment of acute @entity2679 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective analysis included 78 @entity1 operated for acute calculose @entity2679 from Jan 2007 to Dec 2008. We analyzed clinical characteristics of the course of disease, associated diseases, duration of operation, operative and @entity260 , reasons for conversion into open cholecystectomy. RESULTS: The study indicated a low percentage of operative and @entity260 , short stay in hospital, quick recovery and saving in treatment. The length of preoperative and postoperative hospitalization was 1.4 +/- 0.5 days and 2.5 +/- 1.6 days, respectively. 25 (32%) @entity1 were operated within 72 hours from the onset of symptoms,some operative difficulties were present in 56 (71%) @entity1 , light identification of artery and ductus cysticus in 30 (38.50%) @entity1 , intraoperative lesion of ductus choledohus in 1 (1.3%); in 6 (7.7%) @entity1 conversion into open cholecystectomy was done, the average duration of laparascopic cholecystectomy was 58.1 +/- 26.2 min. There were no lethal outcomes. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an efficient and reliable operative procedure in treatment of acute @entity2679 . It is much easier to select @entity1 for laparoscopic cholecystectomy when preoperative risk factors predicting difficulties during the operation are known. An early conversion into open cholecystectomy is a rational choice of any surgeon when anatomy is not clear and in cases of advanced inflammatory process in order to decrease operative and postoperative morbidity.

title: [Laparoscopic cholecystectomy of acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3088 from Astragalus complanatus R.Br (FAC) had anticancer effects on many @entity5 cells. The current study was performed to evaluate the effects of FAC on @entity1 breast cell proliferation, apoptosis, and @entity3 , as well as their active mechanism. Cell viability and growth were detected using the cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay in vitro. Assay of FAC on induced @entity0 mortality was counted as survival time of @entity19 after breast cell line inoculation. The effect of FAC on cell invasion was investigated by an optimization assay that contains a 96-well Boyden chamber with wells precoated with BME at three different concentrations. The mechanism of its action on apoptosis and @entity3 was determined by related gene detection. Proliferation of three breast cell lines was inhibited with FAC treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Survival time of @entity19 with @entity0 cell inoculation also was prolonged with increasing FAC dose. @entity3 in FAC-treated breast cells was also significantly inhibited. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay demonstrated that apoptosis-related @entity1379 and @entity7349 gene expression was consistent with their phenotype change. @entity3 -related @entity8264 and @entity30767 gene expression was inversely related to FAC treatment. Western blot analysis indicated that @entity1379 and @entity8264 proteins were reduced, whereas @entity7349 and @entity30767 proteins were increased with a higher dose of FAC treatment. These data suggested that FAC has an important role in @entity0 growth and @entity3 suppression in vitro and in vivo. Its active mechanism involves promoting programmed @entity5 cell death and regulates @entity3 -related gene expression.

title: Effects and mechanism of XXXX from Astragalus complanatus on @entity0 growth.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['Flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['flavonoids']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3088 from Astragalus complanatus R.Br (FAC) had anticancer effects on many @entity5 cells. The current study was performed to evaluate the effects of FAC on @entity1 breast cell proliferation, apoptosis, and @entity3 , as well as their active mechanism. Cell viability and growth were detected using the cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay in vitro. Assay of FAC on induced @entity0 mortality was counted as survival time of @entity19 after breast cell line inoculation. The effect of FAC on cell invasion was investigated by an optimization assay that contains a 96-well Boyden chamber with wells precoated with BME at three different concentrations. The mechanism of its action on apoptosis and @entity3 was determined by related gene detection. Proliferation of three breast cell lines was inhibited with FAC treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Survival time of @entity19 with @entity0 cell inoculation also was prolonged with increasing FAC dose. @entity3 in FAC-treated breast cells was also significantly inhibited. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay demonstrated that apoptosis-related @entity1379 and @entity7349 gene expression was consistent with their phenotype change. @entity3 -related @entity8264 and @entity30767 gene expression was inversely related to FAC treatment. Western blot analysis indicated that @entity1379 and @entity8264 proteins were reduced, whereas @entity7349 and @entity30767 proteins were increased with a higher dose of FAC treatment. These data suggested that FAC has an important role in @entity0 growth and @entity3 suppression in vitro and in vivo. Its active mechanism involves promoting programmed @entity5 cell death and regulates @entity3 -related gene expression.

title: Effects and mechanism of @entity3088 from Astragalus complanatus on XXXX growth.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Following the 2009 pandemic, reports of an association between an AS03 adjuvanted H1N1 pandemic @entity683 vaccine and @entity2724 were published. Besides determining background incidence rates for @entity2724 in Germany this study aimed at investigating whether there was a change in incidence rates of @entity2724 between the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and the post-pandemic period on the population level. DESIGN: Retrospective epidemiological study on the incidence of @entity2724 with additional capture-recapture analysis. SETTING: German sleep centers. @entity1 OR @entity1 : Eligible were @entity1 with an initial diagnosis of @entity2724 (ICD10 Code G47.4) within the period from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2011. INTERVENTIONS: None; observational study. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: A total of 342 sleep centers were invited to participate in the study. Adequate and suitable data were provided by 233 sleep centers (68.1%). A total of 1,198 @entity1 with an initial diagnosis of @entity2724 within the observed period were included, of whom 106 (8.8%) were @entity1 and adolescents under the age of 18 years and 1,092 (91.2%) were adults. In @entity1 and adolescents, the age-standardized adjusted incidence rate significantly increased from 0.14/100,000 @entity1 -years in the pre-pandemic period to 0.50/100,000 @entity1 -years in the post-pandemic period (incidence density ratio, IDR 3.57; 95% CI 1.94-7.00). In adults, no significant change was detectable. This increase started in spring 2009. CONCLUSIONS: For the years 2007-2011, valid estimates for the incidence of @entity2724 in Germany were provided. In individuals under 18, the incidence rates continuously increased from spring 2009.

title: Incidence of XXXX in Germany.

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['Narcolepsy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous @entity2670 is extremely rare. Although a majority of these cases have been associated with pregnancy, there have been recent reports and reviews of rare cases that were not directly associated with pregnancy. Transcatheter @entity1416 is considered to be an alternative therapy to surgery. CASE PRESENTATION: A 44-year-old Japanese @entity1 , gravida 3 para 3, presented to our emergency room complaining of intermittent right flank @entity158 . She had undergone a cesarean section 2 years previously, and had no history of @entity1661 . On admission, her blood pressure was 115/78 mmHg, pulse 70 beats per minute, and hemoglobin concentration 9.8 g/dL. Abdominal ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced dynamic computed tomography revealed a large retroperitoneal @entity1410 . Findings on three-dimensional computed tomography angiography suggested @entity1756 of @entity2670 . A selective right ovarian artery angiogram revealed a tortuous @entity439 . Transcatheter @entity1416 using @entity7548 was performed. The @entity439 was successfully embolized, and her course after embolization was uneventful. She has remained symptom-free during 3 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This was a very rare case of a @entity1 who had a @entity548 originating from an @entity2670 . A review of published case reports found that contrast-enhanced computed tomography with reconstruction images is an excellent imaging tool. Diagnostic angiography and subsequent transcatheter @entity1416 are thought to be very effective for this condition.

title: XXXX caused by @entity2670 : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian artery aneurysm', 'her right ovarian artery', 'rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous @entity2670 is extremely rare. Although a majority of these cases have been associated with pregnancy, there have been recent reports and reviews of rare cases that were not directly associated with pregnancy. Transcatheter @entity1416 is considered to be an alternative therapy to surgery. CASE PRESENTATION: A 44-year-old Japanese @entity1 , gravida 3 para 3, presented to our emergency room complaining of intermittent right flank @entity158 . She had undergone a cesarean section 2 years previously, and had no history of @entity1661 . On admission, her blood pressure was 115/78 mmHg, pulse 70 beats per minute, and hemoglobin concentration 9.8 g/dL. Abdominal ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced dynamic computed tomography revealed a large retroperitoneal @entity1410 . Findings on three-dimensional computed tomography angiography suggested @entity1756 of @entity2670 . A selective right ovarian artery angiogram revealed a tortuous @entity439 . Transcatheter @entity1416 using @entity7548 was performed. The @entity439 was successfully embolized, and her course after embolization was uneventful. She has remained symptom-free during 3 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This was a very rare case of a @entity1 who had a @entity548 originating from an @entity2670 . A review of published case reports found that contrast-enhanced computed tomography with reconstruction images is an excellent imaging tool. Diagnostic angiography and subsequent transcatheter @entity1416 are thought to be very effective for this condition.

title: @entity548 caused by XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity2670 :: (MESH:D010049,Disease) :: ['rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical value of accessory hepatic vein (AHV) intervention in the treatment of @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: From August 2008 to July 2014, consecutive @entity1 with @entity3181 caused by @entity6323 (IVC) were treated by recanalization or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in our center. @entity1 who had the compensatory AHV and successfully underwent recanalization of AHV outflow were enrolled in this retrospective study. The clinical response to AHV drainage was analyzed. RESULTS: Compensatory AHV was found in 69 of 97 (71.1  %) @entity1 , and 66 @entity1 successfully underwent recanalization of AHV outflow (IVC recanalization, n  =  49; AHV recanalization, n  =  15; both, n  =  2). In total, 78 AHVs were used instead of HV as the hepatic drainage vein after treatment. Fifty-five @entity1 had one AHV, 10 @entity1 had two AHVs, and 1 @entity1 had three AHVs. The average diameter of all AHV stems was 8.0      2.6  mm (range 5-21  mm). Clinical response to AHV drainage was positive in all @entity1 . @entity1 ' symptoms and liver function improved progressively after treatment. During the follow-up of 3-74  months (average 39.4      11.0  months), 11 @entity1 experienced reobstruction at 6 to 36  months (average 16.8      9.8  months) after treatment. CONCLUSION: Compensatory AHV can be effectively used instead of HV for @entity99 in @entity1 with @entity3181 . AHV intervention can help to simplify the @entity3181 treatment procedure.

title: Use of Accessory Hepatic Vein Intervention in the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of hepatic blood']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction of three hepatic veins (HVs) with or without obstruction of inferior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari Syndrome']


abstract: @entity72117 is down-regulated in @entity5 , which may serve as a @entity5 suppressor by targeting @entity984 and Ras-responsive element-binding protein ( @entity2199 ). Activated @entity984 leads to down-regulation of @entity72117 transcription in a @entity2199 -dependent manner, establishing a @entity6957 /145- @entity984 - @entity2199 feedback loop. A polymorphism @entity72118 @entity6344 in the promoter of @entity6957 /145 might influence the binding of @entity11567 . We hypothesized that the @entity6957 /145 @entity72118 and @entity984 @entity72119 may be related to the occurrence of @entity957 ( @entity957 ). In this study, we genotyped the 2 polymorphisms in 415 @entity1 with @entity957 and 504 controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The promoter activities were measured by the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System. We found that the @entity72118 TC genotype was associated with an increased risk of @entity957 (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.80). The significantly increased association was also observed in a dominant genetic model (adjusted OR=1.32; 95% CI, 1.01-1.72). Combined analysis showed that individuals carrying the genotypes of @entity72118 TC/CC and rs712GT/TT had a 1.47-fold increased risk of @entity957 (adjusted OR=1.47; 95% CI, 1.01-2.15). By using multifactor dimensionality reduction software method, we identified a significant interaction between the @entity6957 /145 @entity72118 and @entity984 @entity72119 . Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay showed that the luciferase activity was significantly lower in cells transfected with the @entity72118 C allele than that of the @entity72118 T allele. These findings indicate that @entity6957 /145 @entity72118 and @entity984 @entity72119 may contribute to the etiology of @entity957 in Chinese @entity1 .

title: A Functional Polymorphism in the Promoter of @entity6957 /145 Is Associated With the Risk of XXXX in Chinese @entity1 : A Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C/T']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cervical squamous cell carcinoma', 'CSCC']

entities_list: @entity11567 :: ('6908', 'Gene') :: ['TATA-binding protein']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: @entity72117 is down-regulated in @entity5 , which may serve as a @entity5 suppressor by targeting @entity984 and Ras-responsive element-binding protein ( @entity2199 ). Activated @entity984 leads to down-regulation of @entity72117 transcription in a @entity2199 -dependent manner, establishing a @entity6957 /145- @entity984 - @entity2199 feedback loop. A polymorphism @entity72118 @entity6344 in the promoter of @entity6957 /145 might influence the binding of @entity11567 . We hypothesized that the @entity6957 /145 @entity72118 and @entity984 @entity72119 may be related to the occurrence of @entity957 ( @entity957 ). In this study, we genotyped the 2 polymorphisms in 415 @entity1 with @entity957 and 504 controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The promoter activities were measured by the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System. We found that the @entity72118 TC genotype was associated with an increased risk of @entity957 (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.80). The significantly increased association was also observed in a dominant genetic model (adjusted OR=1.32; 95% CI, 1.01-1.72). Combined analysis showed that individuals carrying the genotypes of @entity72118 TC/CC and rs712GT/TT had a 1.47-fold increased risk of @entity957 (adjusted OR=1.47; 95% CI, 1.01-2.15). By using multifactor dimensionality reduction software method, we identified a significant interaction between the @entity6957 /145 @entity72118 and @entity984 @entity72119 . Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay showed that the luciferase activity was significantly lower in cells transfected with the @entity72118 C allele than that of the @entity72118 T allele. These findings indicate that @entity6957 /145 @entity72118 and @entity984 @entity72119 may contribute to the etiology of @entity957 in Chinese @entity1 .

title: A Functional Polymorphism in the Promoter of XXXX /145 Is Associated With the Risk of @entity957 in Chinese @entity1 : A Case-Control Study.

answer: @entity6957 :: (406935,Gene) :: ['MiR-143']


abstract: @entity72117 is down-regulated in @entity5 , which may serve as a @entity5 suppressor by targeting @entity984 and Ras-responsive element-binding protein ( @entity2199 ). Activated @entity984 leads to down-regulation of @entity72117 transcription in a @entity2199 -dependent manner, establishing a @entity6957 /145- @entity984 - @entity2199 feedback loop. A polymorphism @entity72118 @entity6344 in the promoter of @entity6957 /145 might influence the binding of @entity11567 . We hypothesized that the @entity6957 /145 @entity72118 and @entity984 @entity72119 may be related to the occurrence of @entity957 ( @entity957 ). In this study, we genotyped the 2 polymorphisms in 415 @entity1 with @entity957 and 504 controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The promoter activities were measured by the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System. We found that the @entity72118 TC genotype was associated with an increased risk of @entity957 (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.80). The significantly increased association was also observed in a dominant genetic model (adjusted OR=1.32; 95% CI, 1.01-1.72). Combined analysis showed that individuals carrying the genotypes of @entity72118 TC/CC and rs712GT/TT had a 1.47-fold increased risk of @entity957 (adjusted OR=1.47; 95% CI, 1.01-2.15). By using multifactor dimensionality reduction software method, we identified a significant interaction between the @entity6957 /145 @entity72118 and @entity984 @entity72119 . Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay showed that the luciferase activity was significantly lower in cells transfected with the @entity72118 C allele than that of the @entity72118 T allele. These findings indicate that @entity6957 /145 @entity72118 and @entity984 @entity72119 may contribute to the etiology of @entity957 in Chinese @entity1 .

title: A Functional Polymorphism in the Promoter of @entity6957 /145 Is Associated With the Risk of @entity957 in Chinese XXXX : A Case-Control Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity296 contributes to @entity299 and loss of cardiac function in @entity583 and @entity712 . This study used in vitro and in vivo models to examine the effects of @entity21243 (UA) on @entity296 and to explore its potential mechanism. METHODS: Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed in @entity19 to induce @entity1283 and @entity82 . UA was orally administered one week prior to TAC. Two weeks after TAC, myocardial pathology was detected using Masson's trichrome staining and transmission electron microscopy, and heart-to-body weight ratio was measured. For in vitro studies, cultured cardiac fibroblasts were treated with serum in the presence or absence of UA. The relative levels of @entity766 and @entity2986 / @entity13436 , collagen content and cell viability were measured. RESULTS: UA attenuated pathological @entity1283 and @entity296 in vivo induced by TAC. Down-regulation of @entity766 and @entity2986 / @entity13436 were observed in myocardial  fibroblasts treated with UA in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that UA can inhibit @entity296 both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect of UA on @entity296 may be due to the inhibition of @entity766 / @entity13436 signaling pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Downregulation of @entity766 is Involved in Direct Actions of @entity21243 on the Heart: Implications for Cardiac XXXX and Hypertrophy.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis', 'Myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity21243 :: ('MESH:C005466', 'Chemical') :: ['ursolic acid']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Fibrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity296 contributes to @entity299 and loss of cardiac function in @entity583 and @entity712 . This study used in vitro and in vivo models to examine the effects of @entity21243 (UA) on @entity296 and to explore its potential mechanism. METHODS: Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed in @entity19 to induce @entity1283 and @entity82 . UA was orally administered one week prior to TAC. Two weeks after TAC, myocardial pathology was detected using Masson's trichrome staining and transmission electron microscopy, and heart-to-body weight ratio was measured. For in vitro studies, cultured cardiac fibroblasts were treated with serum in the presence or absence of UA. The relative levels of @entity766 and @entity2986 / @entity13436 , collagen content and cell viability were measured. RESULTS: UA attenuated pathological @entity1283 and @entity296 in vivo induced by TAC. Down-regulation of @entity766 and @entity2986 / @entity13436 were observed in myocardial  fibroblasts treated with UA in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that UA can inhibit @entity296 both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect of UA on @entity296 may be due to the inhibition of @entity766 / @entity13436 signaling pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Downregulation of XXXX is Involved in Direct Actions of @entity21243 on the Heart: Implications for Cardiac @entity82 and Hypertrophy.

answer: @entity766 :: (387140(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['miR-21']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity296 contributes to @entity299 and loss of cardiac function in @entity583 and @entity712 . This study used in vitro and in vivo models to examine the effects of @entity21243 (UA) on @entity296 and to explore its potential mechanism. METHODS: Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed in @entity19 to induce @entity1283 and @entity82 . UA was orally administered one week prior to TAC. Two weeks after TAC, myocardial pathology was detected using Masson's trichrome staining and transmission electron microscopy, and heart-to-body weight ratio was measured. For in vitro studies, cultured cardiac fibroblasts were treated with serum in the presence or absence of UA. The relative levels of @entity766 and @entity2986 / @entity13436 , collagen content and cell viability were measured. RESULTS: UA attenuated pathological @entity1283 and @entity296 in vivo induced by TAC. Down-regulation of @entity766 and @entity2986 / @entity13436 were observed in myocardial  fibroblasts treated with UA in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that UA can inhibit @entity296 both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect of UA on @entity296 may be due to the inhibition of @entity766 / @entity13436 signaling pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Downregulation of @entity766 is Involved in Direct Actions of XXXX on the Heart: Implications for Cardiac @entity82 and Hypertrophy.

answer: @entity21243 :: (MESH:C005466,Chemical) :: ['Ursolic Acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this was to assess clinical features and outcome in pediatric-onset @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ). Retrospective data analysis of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity12040 over last 13  years with onset before 18  years of age was done. Their presenting features, activity (by NIH criteria, ITAS2010, ITAS-A), disease extent (by DEI.Tak) and angiographic findings were retrieved from clinic files. Treatment received and follow-up data on disease activity and damage by @entity12040 damage score (TADS) were also analyzed. Wherever repeated angiography data were available, the same was analyzed. Values are expressed as median with interquartile range in brackets. There were 29 @entity1 (19 females) with median age at diagnosis of 14 (13-16) years and delay to diagnosis of 1 (0.4-2)  year. Common presenting symptoms were @entity393 (23/29) and @entity101 (22/29). @entity1 had extensive disease at presentation with median DEI.Tak of 12 (9.5-15); 23/29 had elevated acute-phase reactants, and 28/29 were active at presentation [median ITAS2010 13 (8-15.5), ITAS-A 14 (10-17)]. Numano's type V was the commonest angiographic type (22/29). At a median follow-up of 2.4 (1.5-5.1) years, 2/20 were active whereas all had sustained damage despite a majority (17/20) being on immunosuppression. The median TADS was 8 (6.3-9.8) with @entity393 , @entity613 and @entity101 being the commonest damage item. Two needed renal artery stenting to control @entity101 . Angiographic assessment at least 2  years apart demonstrated disease progression in 5 of 6 @entity1 despite immunosuppression. Significant damage accrued on follow-up despite immunosuppression and control of disease activity. @entity101 remains the major long-term morbidity.

title: Pediatric-onset XXXX : clinical features and short-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis", 'TA']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pulse loss']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu's arteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of @entity260 on the long-term outcomes of @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity5 is unclear. The objective of the current study was to define the incidence of complications among @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ) and identify the association between morbidity and long-term outcomes. METHODS: A total of 583 @entity1 undergoing surgery with curative intent for @entity1419 between 1990 and 2013 at 1 of 12 participating institutions were identified. The association between the occurrence and severity of @entity260 on long-term survival was analyzed. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 59.9 years and the majority of @entity1 were male (52.3%). A total of 91 @entity1 (15.6%) and 153 @entity1 (26.2%) developed a major and @entity260 , respectively; 18 @entity1 (3.5%) died within 90 days of surgery. Median, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year recurrence-free survival were 10.0 months, 43.3%, 16.7%, and 11.1%, respectively. @entity260 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.08-1.73 [P   =   .01]) and severity of complications (major vs none: HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.14-2.11 [P   =   .01]; minor vs none: HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.99-1.70 [P   =   .06]) independently predicted shorter recurrence-free survival. Median, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival was 27.8 months, 76.8%, 39.0%, and 23.4%, respectively. @entity260 (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.30-2.08 [P<.001]) and severity of complications (major vs none: HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.31-2.44 [P<.001]; minor vs none: HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.15-1.95 [P<.01]) independently predicted shorter overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity260 were found to be independent predictors of worse long-term outcomes. The prevention and management of @entity260 is crucial to increase both short-term and long-term survival. @entity5 2015.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Impact of complications on long-term survival after resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications', 'minor postoperative complication']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document troublesome driving tasks and any changes in driving behavior reported by @entity1 with chronic @entity74 ( @entity74 ). DESIGN: Descriptive study; semistructured interview. SETTING: Tertiary institution. @entity1 : @entity1 (N=33) with chronic WAD. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity717 ( @entity717 ), visual analog scale for neck @entity158 at rest and while driving, exposure section of the Driving Habit Questionnaire, self-rating perceived current driving ability, semistructured interview about presenting symptoms, troublesome driving tasks, and perceived changes in driving behavior after a @entity7125 . RESULTS: Subjects (24 of 33; 73%) reported a decrease in driving ability, rating an average of 6.7  2.2 on an 11-point scale (0, unable to drive; 10, driving at preinjury level). These subjects scored higher on the @entity717 (41.8%  18.4%), experienced @entity4048 at rest (4.3  2.1/10) and while driving (5.7  2.1/10), and reported decreased concentration more frequently than those who rated their driving ability at a preinjury level (ie, 10). The most frequently nominated troublesome driving tasks were checking blind spots, prolonged driving, and reversing/reverse parking, and the most frequently cited changes in driving behavior included more use of trunk rotation (75%), altered steering wheel grip (63%), more anxious/nervous while driving (54%), and more cautious driving (50%). CONCLUSIONS: The chronic whiplash population appears to have unique troublesome driving tasks (eg, prolonged driving, checking blind spots) that are not readily detected in currently available driving ability/difficulty scales, suggesting that a new scale may be required for this population.

title: Driving with a chronic XXXX : a review of @entity1 ' perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash injury']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['greater neck pain']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['WADs', 'whiplash-associated disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['whiplash-associated disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document troublesome driving tasks and any changes in driving behavior reported by @entity1 with chronic @entity74 ( @entity74 ). DESIGN: Descriptive study; semistructured interview. SETTING: Tertiary institution. @entity1 : @entity1 (N=33) with chronic WAD. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity717 ( @entity717 ), visual analog scale for neck @entity158 at rest and while driving, exposure section of the Driving Habit Questionnaire, self-rating perceived current driving ability, semistructured interview about presenting symptoms, troublesome driving tasks, and perceived changes in driving behavior after a @entity7125 . RESULTS: Subjects (24 of 33; 73%) reported a decrease in driving ability, rating an average of 6.7  2.2 on an 11-point scale (0, unable to drive; 10, driving at preinjury level). These subjects scored higher on the @entity717 (41.8%  18.4%), experienced @entity4048 at rest (4.3  2.1/10) and while driving (5.7  2.1/10), and reported decreased concentration more frequently than those who rated their driving ability at a preinjury level (ie, 10). The most frequently nominated troublesome driving tasks were checking blind spots, prolonged driving, and reversing/reverse parking, and the most frequently cited changes in driving behavior included more use of trunk rotation (75%), altered steering wheel grip (63%), more anxious/nervous while driving (54%), and more cautious driving (50%). CONCLUSIONS: The chronic whiplash population appears to have unique troublesome driving tasks (eg, prolonged driving, checking blind spots) that are not readily detected in currently available driving ability/difficulty scales, suggesting that a new scale may be required for this population.

title: Driving with a chronic @entity74 : a review of XXXX ' perspectives.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of various morbidity clusters of @entity102 on health-related time use and to explore factors associated with heavy time burden (more than 30 hours/month) of health-related activities. METHODS: Using a national survey, data were collected from 2,540 senior Australians. Natural clusters were identified using cluster analysis and clinical clusters using clinical expert opinion. We undertook a set of linear regressions to model @entity1 's time use, and logistic regressions to model heavy time burden. RESULTS: Time use increases with the number of @entity102 . Six of the 12 diseases are significantly associated with higher time use, with the highest effect for @entity6 followed by @entity308 ; 18% reported a heavy time burden, with @entity6 again being the most significant disease. Clusters and dominant comorbid groupings do not contribute to predicting time use or time burden. CONCLUSIONS: Total number of diseases and specific diseases are useful determinants of time use and heavy time burden. Dominant groupings and disease clusters do not predict time use. IMPLICATIONS: In considering time demands on @entity1 and the need for care co-ordination, care providers need to be aware of how many and what specific diseases the @entity1 faces.

title: Time spent on health-related activities by senior Australians with XXXX : what is the role of multimorbidity and comorbidity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2166 ( @entity2166 ) for @entity311 is a strategy that may be used to complement passive surveillance, as passive surveillance fails to identify @entity281 that are asymptomatic or do not seek care. The spatial and seasonal patterns of incident (index) cases reported at a single clinic in Chongwe District were explored. METHODS: A @entity2166 strategy was implemented from June 2012 to June 2013 in a single catchment area in Chongwe District. Incident (index) cases recorded at the clinic were followed up at their household, and all household contacts were tested for @entity311 using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). GPS coordinates were taken at each index household. Spatial analyses were conducted to assess characteristics related to clustering, cluster detection and spatial variation in risk of index houses. Effects of season (rainy versus dry), distance to the clinic and distance to the main road were considered as modifying factors. Lastly, logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the proportion of household contacts testing @entity138 positive. RESULTS: A total of 426 index households were enrolled, with 1,621 household contacts (45% @entity138 positive). Two space-time clusters were identified in the rainy season, with ten times and six times higher risk than expected. Significantly increased spatial clustering of index households was found in the rainy season as compared to the dry season (based on K-function methodology). However, no seasonal difference in mapped spatial intensity of index households was identified. Logistic regression analysis identified two main factors associated with a higher proportion of @entity138 positive household contacts. There was a 41% increased odds of @entity138 positive household contacts in households where the index case was under 5 years of age [OR = 1.41, 95% confidence intervals (1.15, 1.73)]. For every 500-m increase in distance from the road, there was a 5% increased odds of @entity138 positive household contacts [OR = 1.05 (1.02, 1.07)], controlling for season. DISCUSSION: Areas of increased report of @entity311 persist after controlling for distance to the clinic and main road. Clinic-based interventions will miss asymptomatic, non-care seeking @entity281 located farther from the road. @entity2166 may identify additional @entity281 missed at the clinic.

title: Spatial patterns of incident XXXX cases and their household contacts in a single clinic catchment area of Chongwe District, Zambia.

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['RACD', 'Reactive case detection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity505 ion radiotherapy is expected to be suitable to treat @entity263 because it yields great biological and physical effects. The aim of this study was to examine long-term results and subsequent outcomes after biochemical failure. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 254 @entity1 were treated from the beginning of 2003 and followed through 2009. Long-term hormone therapy was also used for some intermediate-risk and high-risk @entity1 . RESULTS: Among the @entity1 examined, 54 @entity1 experienced biochemical failure. Failure-free survival was 76%, 91% and 76% at eight years in low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk @entity1 , respectively. Clinical progression occurred only in high-risk @entity1 , with 89% progression-free survival at eight years. After biochemical failure, diseases of most @entity1 were well controlled by salvage therapy but twelve high-risk @entity1 (5%) died of @entity263 . CONCLUSION: @entity505 ion radiotherapy had an excellent effect on @entity263 . Factors influencing salvage therapy included PSA kinetics and duration between radiation and failure.

title: @entity505 ion radiotherapy for treatment of XXXX and subsequent outcomes after biochemical failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity505 ion radiotherapy is expected to be suitable to treat @entity263 because it yields great biological and physical effects. The aim of this study was to examine long-term results and subsequent outcomes after biochemical failure. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 254 @entity1 were treated from the beginning of 2003 and followed through 2009. Long-term hormone therapy was also used for some intermediate-risk and high-risk @entity1 . RESULTS: Among the @entity1 examined, 54 @entity1 experienced biochemical failure. Failure-free survival was 76%, 91% and 76% at eight years in low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk @entity1 , respectively. Clinical progression occurred only in high-risk @entity1 , with 89% progression-free survival at eight years. After biochemical failure, diseases of most @entity1 were well controlled by salvage therapy but twelve high-risk @entity1 (5%) died of @entity263 . CONCLUSION: @entity505 ion radiotherapy had an excellent effect on @entity263 . Factors influencing salvage therapy included PSA kinetics and duration between radiation and failure.

title: XXXX ion radiotherapy for treatment of @entity263 and subsequent outcomes after biochemical failure.

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic surveillance for @entity355 ( @entity355 ) is under discussion given the overall low incidence of @entity5 and lack of evidence that it prevents advanced @entity420 ( @entity420 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of endoscopic @entity355 surveillance on @entity5 stage and survival of @entity1 with @entity5 . DESIGN: 783 @entity1 with @entity355 of at least 2   cm were included in a multicentre prospective cohort and followed during surveillance according to the American College of Gastroenterology guidelines. Cases of high-grade @entity1141 and @entity420 were identified during follow-up. @entity420 staging was performed according to the 7th UICC-AJCC classification. Survival data were collected and crosschecked using death and municipal registries. Data from @entity1 with @entity420 in the general population were obtained from the Dutch @entity5 registry. We compared survival of @entity1 with @entity355 with @entity5 during surveillance with those of @entity1 without @entity5 and @entity1 with @entity420 in the general population. RESULTS: 53 @entity1 with @entity355 developed high-grade @entity1141 or @entity420 during surveillance. Thirty-five (66%) were classified as stage 0, 14 (26%) as stage 1 and 4 (8%) as stage 2. @entity420 was diagnosed at an earlier stage during @entity355 surveillance than in the general population (p<0.001). Survival of @entity1 with @entity355 with @entity5 was not significantly worse than those of @entity1 without @entity5 and similar to survival of @entity1 with stage 0 or stage 1 @entity420 in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: @entity420 is detected at an earlier stage during @entity355 surveillance than in the general population with good survival rates.

title: Impact of surveillance for XXXX on @entity5 stage and survival of @entity1 with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus", 'BO']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic progression', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma', 'OAC']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's oesophagus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic surveillance for @entity355 ( @entity355 ) is under discussion given the overall low incidence of @entity5 and lack of evidence that it prevents advanced @entity420 ( @entity420 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of endoscopic @entity355 surveillance on @entity5 stage and survival of @entity1 with @entity5 . DESIGN: 783 @entity1 with @entity355 of at least 2   cm were included in a multicentre prospective cohort and followed during surveillance according to the American College of Gastroenterology guidelines. Cases of high-grade @entity1141 and @entity420 were identified during follow-up. @entity420 staging was performed according to the 7th UICC-AJCC classification. Survival data were collected and crosschecked using death and municipal registries. Data from @entity1 with @entity420 in the general population were obtained from the Dutch @entity5 registry. We compared survival of @entity1 with @entity355 with @entity5 during surveillance with those of @entity1 without @entity5 and @entity1 with @entity420 in the general population. RESULTS: 53 @entity1 with @entity355 developed high-grade @entity1141 or @entity420 during surveillance. Thirty-five (66%) were classified as stage 0, 14 (26%) as stage 1 and 4 (8%) as stage 2. @entity420 was diagnosed at an earlier stage during @entity355 surveillance than in the general population (p<0.001). Survival of @entity1 with @entity355 with @entity5 was not significantly worse than those of @entity1 without @entity5 and similar to survival of @entity1 with stage 0 or stage 1 @entity420 in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: @entity420 is detected at an earlier stage during @entity355 surveillance than in the general population with good survival rates.

title: Impact of surveillance for @entity355 on XXXX stage and survival of @entity1 with @entity5 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic surveillance for @entity355 ( @entity355 ) is under discussion given the overall low incidence of @entity5 and lack of evidence that it prevents advanced @entity420 ( @entity420 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of endoscopic @entity355 surveillance on @entity5 stage and survival of @entity1 with @entity5 . DESIGN: 783 @entity1 with @entity355 of at least 2   cm were included in a multicentre prospective cohort and followed during surveillance according to the American College of Gastroenterology guidelines. Cases of high-grade @entity1141 and @entity420 were identified during follow-up. @entity420 staging was performed according to the 7th UICC-AJCC classification. Survival data were collected and crosschecked using death and municipal registries. Data from @entity1 with @entity420 in the general population were obtained from the Dutch @entity5 registry. We compared survival of @entity1 with @entity355 with @entity5 during surveillance with those of @entity1 without @entity5 and @entity1 with @entity420 in the general population. RESULTS: 53 @entity1 with @entity355 developed high-grade @entity1141 or @entity420 during surveillance. Thirty-five (66%) were classified as stage 0, 14 (26%) as stage 1 and 4 (8%) as stage 2. @entity420 was diagnosed at an earlier stage during @entity355 surveillance than in the general population (p<0.001). Survival of @entity1 with @entity355 with @entity5 was not significantly worse than those of @entity1 without @entity5 and similar to survival of @entity1 with stage 0 or stage 1 @entity420 in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: @entity420 is detected at an earlier stage during @entity355 surveillance than in the general population with good survival rates.

title: Impact of surveillance for @entity355 on @entity5 stage and survival of @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplastic progression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic surveillance for @entity355 ( @entity355 ) is under discussion given the overall low incidence of @entity5 and lack of evidence that it prevents advanced @entity420 ( @entity420 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of endoscopic @entity355 surveillance on @entity5 stage and survival of @entity1 with @entity5 . DESIGN: 783 @entity1 with @entity355 of at least 2   cm were included in a multicentre prospective cohort and followed during surveillance according to the American College of Gastroenterology guidelines. Cases of high-grade @entity1141 and @entity420 were identified during follow-up. @entity420 staging was performed according to the 7th UICC-AJCC classification. Survival data were collected and crosschecked using death and municipal registries. Data from @entity1 with @entity420 in the general population were obtained from the Dutch @entity5 registry. We compared survival of @entity1 with @entity355 with @entity5 during surveillance with those of @entity1 without @entity5 and @entity1 with @entity420 in the general population. RESULTS: 53 @entity1 with @entity355 developed high-grade @entity1141 or @entity420 during surveillance. Thirty-five (66%) were classified as stage 0, 14 (26%) as stage 1 and 4 (8%) as stage 2. @entity420 was diagnosed at an earlier stage during @entity355 surveillance than in the general population (p<0.001). Survival of @entity1 with @entity355 with @entity5 was not significantly worse than those of @entity1 without @entity5 and similar to survival of @entity1 with stage 0 or stage 1 @entity420 in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: @entity420 is detected at an earlier stage during @entity355 surveillance than in the general population with good survival rates.

title: Impact of surveillance for @entity355 on @entity5 stage and survival of XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review medium-term outcomes of 46 @entity1 who underwent total hip replacement (THR) for @entity571 secondary to @entity572 . METHODS: Records of 58 hips in 6 @entity1 and 40 @entity1 aged 32 to 76 (mean, 62) years who underwent THR for @entity571 secondary to @entity572 and had been followed up for a mean of 4 (range, 2-8) years were retrospectively reviewed. The hips were classified according to the Crowe's grading, Sharp's acetabular angle, and centre-edge angle. The radiological uncoverage of acetabular cup (RUAC) index was calculated. The outcomes of THR were evaluated in terms of cup inclination, RUAC index, cup migration, lysis or loosening (radiolucency), @entity2736 , component incorporation and positioning, thigh @entity158 , and subsidence. RESULTS: 51 of the hips were Crowe's type I, 6 were type II, and one was type IV. The mean acetabular angle was 46.3 degrees and the mean centre-edge angle was 15.4 degrees. The mean cup, head, and stem sizes were 50.4 mm, 28.7 mm, and 10.9 mm, respectively. The mean RUAC index was 16.9% and the mean cup inclination was 40.7 degrees. Radiolucency of 1 mm in the acetabular zone I was observed in 16 cases, but only one failed. For cemented and uncemented stems, the most common positioning was neutral and valgus, respectively. Five @entity1 had complications of @entity174 , @entity1349 , split calcar, stem loosening, and/or @entity2736 . CONCLUSION: Conventional THR can achieve good medium-term results in low-grade @entity572 .

title: Medium-term outcome of total hip replacement for XXXX in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['greater trochanter fracture']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic hips']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['dysplastic hips']


abstract: University and museum collections are very important sources of biological samples that can be used to asses the past and present genetic diversity of many species. Modern genetic and immunohistochemical techniques can be used on long-term preserved fixed tissues from museum specimens to answer epidemiological questions. A proof of principle was established to apply modern molecular genetics and immunohistochemical methods to these old specimens and to verify the original diagnosis. We analysed 19 specimens from our university collection including @entity1 organs that had been in fixative for more than 80 years. The tissues originated from lung, colon, brain, heart, adrenal gland, uterus and skin. We isolated amplifiable DNA from these wet preparations and performed mutational analysis of @entity817 , @entity984 and @entity470 . The tissues were also embedded in @entity982 and used for modern histology and immunohistochemistry. Our data show that amplifiable DNA is extractable and ranged from 0.25 to 22.77  g of total DNA. In three specimens BRAFV600E or KRASG12D mutations were found. Additionally, expression of different proteins like @entity2277 and @entity538 was detected immunohistochemical in six investigated specimens. On the basis of our results the original diagnosis was altered in three specimens. Our work showed that it is possible to extract amplifiable DNA suitable for sequence analysis from long-term fixed tissue. Furthermore, histology and immunohistochemistry is feasible in specimens fixed long time ago. We conclude that these old preparations are suitable for further epidemiological research and that our methods open up new opportunities for future studies.

title: Molecular and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Historical Long-Term Preserved Fixed Tissues from Different XXXX Organs.

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The hyperintense acute reperfusion marker (HARM) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability changes. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of contrast agent dosage on HARM incidence in acute @entity64 @entity1 . METHODS: We prospectively included 529 acute @entity64 @entity1 (204 females, median age 71  years). @entity1 underwent a first @entity64 -MRI within 24  hours from symptom onset and had a follow-up on day 2. The contrast agent @entity2288 was administered to the @entity1 for perfusion imaging or MR angiography. The total dosage was calculated as ml/kg body weight and ranged between 0.04 and 0.31  mmol/kg on the first examination. The incidence of HARM was evaluated on day 2 FLAIR images. RESULTS: HARM was detected in 97 @entity1 (18.3  %). HARM incidence increased significantly with increasing dosages of @entity2288 . Also, HARM positive @entity1 were significantly older. HARM was not an independent predictor of worse clinical outcome, and we did not find an association with increase risk of @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: A higher dosage of @entity2288 in acute @entity64 @entity1 on initial MRI is associated with increased HARM incidence on follow-up. MRI studies on BBB should therefore standardize contrast agent dosages. KEY POINTS:     Hyperintense acute reperfusion marker on MRI indicates blood-brain barrier disruption.     This observational study on @entity64 @entity1 characterizes HARM.     Incidence depends on contrast agent dosage on the previous day.     HARM is also associated with older age and poor kidney function.     Interpretation of HARM must take dosage into consideration.

title: Hyperintense acute reperfusion marker is associated with higher contrast agent dosage in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2288 :: ('MESH:C090600', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadobutrol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic transformation']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence, predisposing factors and management of postoperative @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ) after high-pressure @entity384 to treat @entity3885 ( @entity3885 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have reviewed @entity1 that underwent endoscopic treatment for @entity3885 from May 2008 to November 2013. All @entity1 were evaluated with renal ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography and diuretic renogram. Endoscopic treatment was done with high-pressure @entity384 of the ureterovesical junction under general anesthesia; a double-J stenting was done in all @entity1 . Follow-up was performed with ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography and a diuretic renogram in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 and five @entity1 with a mean age of 14.18  months (3-103) were reviewed. A total of 22 ureters underwent HPBD to treat @entity3885 . Ureterohydronephrosis improves in 19 ureters. After endoscopic treatment, six ureters developed @entity3025 . Four ureters were managed surgically, and in the other two, @entity3025 disappeared in a second cystogram. The presence of parameatal diverticulum in the preoperative cystography and those @entity1 with bilateral @entity3885 are factors related to @entity86 (p  <  0.05). @entity293 after HPBD was observed in four @entity1 , but only one of them was affected with @entity3025 .

title: Postoperative @entity3025 after high-pressure @entity384 of the ureterovesical junction in XXXX . Incidence, management and predisposing factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['POM', 'primary obstructive megaureter']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['VUR', 'vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative VUR']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['primary obstructive megaureter']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence, predisposing factors and management of postoperative @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ) after high-pressure @entity384 to treat @entity3885 ( @entity3885 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have reviewed @entity1 that underwent endoscopic treatment for @entity3885 from May 2008 to November 2013. All @entity1 were evaluated with renal ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography and diuretic renogram. Endoscopic treatment was done with high-pressure @entity384 of the ureterovesical junction under general anesthesia; a double-J stenting was done in all @entity1 . Follow-up was performed with ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography and a diuretic renogram in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 and five @entity1 with a mean age of 14.18  months (3-103) were reviewed. A total of 22 ureters underwent HPBD to treat @entity3885 . Ureterohydronephrosis improves in 19 ureters. After endoscopic treatment, six ureters developed @entity3025 . Four ureters were managed surgically, and in the other two, @entity3025 disappeared in a second cystogram. The presence of parameatal diverticulum in the preoperative cystography and those @entity1 with bilateral @entity3885 are factors related to @entity86 (p  <  0.05). @entity293 after HPBD was observed in four @entity1 , but only one of them was affected with @entity3025 .

title: Postoperative XXXX after high-pressure @entity384 of the ureterovesical junction in @entity3885 . Incidence, management and predisposing factors.

answer: @entity3025 :: (MESH:D014718,Disease) :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence, predisposing factors and management of postoperative @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ) after high-pressure @entity384 to treat @entity3885 ( @entity3885 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have reviewed @entity1 that underwent endoscopic treatment for @entity3885 from May 2008 to November 2013. All @entity1 were evaluated with renal ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography and diuretic renogram. Endoscopic treatment was done with high-pressure @entity384 of the ureterovesical junction under general anesthesia; a double-J stenting was done in all @entity1 . Follow-up was performed with ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography and a diuretic renogram in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 and five @entity1 with a mean age of 14.18  months (3-103) were reviewed. A total of 22 ureters underwent HPBD to treat @entity3885 . Ureterohydronephrosis improves in 19 ureters. After endoscopic treatment, six ureters developed @entity3025 . Four ureters were managed surgically, and in the other two, @entity3025 disappeared in a second cystogram. The presence of parameatal diverticulum in the preoperative cystography and those @entity1 with bilateral @entity3885 are factors related to @entity86 (p  <  0.05). @entity293 after HPBD was observed in four @entity1 , but only one of them was affected with @entity3025 .

title: Postoperative @entity3025 after high-pressure XXXX of the ureterovesical junction in @entity3885 . Incidence, management and predisposing factors.

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['balloon dilation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study's purpose was to analyze the effect of the SmartCare pilot project, which was conducted in 2011 in South Korea. Recent studies of telehealth mostly compare the intervention group and the control group. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the disease improvement effect depending on the self-measurement compliance (measurement frequency level) of @entity1 who are receiving the @entity101 management services. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the SmartCare center, health managers (nurses, nutritionists, and exercise prescribers) monitored the measurement data transmitted by @entity1 through the SmartCare system. The health managers provided the prevention, consultation, and education services remotely to @entity1 . Of the 231 @entity1 who were enrolled in the study, the final analysis involved 213 individuals who completed their blood pressure measurements and SmartCare services until the end of a 6-month service period. The evaluated measurement group was classified into three groups (Low, Middle, and High) by evenly dividing the monthly average frequency of measurement for 6 months. The evaluation indices were systolic blood pressure (SBP), @entity551 ( @entity551 ), weight, and body mass index (BMI); this information was transmitted through the SmartCare system. RESULTS: For changes in the evaluation indices after 6 months compared with the initial baseline, in the Low Group, SBP and @entity551 slightly decreased, and weight and BMI slightly increased (difference not statistically significant). In the Middle Group, SBP and @entity551 decreased slightly (difference not statistically significant); however, both weight and BMI decreased (difference statistically significant). In the High Group, SBP, @entity551 , weight, and BMI decreased (difference statistically significant). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who received the SmartCare services with higher measurement frequency levels at home showed greater effectiveness regarding the provided services compared with those @entity1 with lower levels of BP, weight, and BMI control.

title: Effect of Disease Improvement with Self-Measurement Compliance (Measurement Frequency Level) in SmartCare XXXX Management Service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['DBP', 'diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: Upon arrival at their synaptic targets, axons slow down their growth and extensively remodel before the assembly of presynaptic boutons. Wnt proteins are target-derived secreted factors that promote axonal remodelling and synaptic assembly. In the developing spinal cord, Wnts secreted by motor neurons promote axonal remodelling of @entity14840 responsive dorsal root ganglia neurons. Axon remodelling induced by Wnts is characterised by growth cone pausing and enlargement, processes that depend on the re-organisation of microtubules. However, the contribution of the actin cytoskeleton has remained unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that @entity13020 regulates the actin cytoskeleton by rapidly inducing F-actin accumulation in growth cones from rodent DRG neurons through the scaffold protein @entity22222 ( @entity22222 ) and the @entity563 - @entity1889 kinase @entity9459 . Importantly, these changes in actin cytoskeleton occurs before enlargement of the growth cones is evident. Time-lapse imaging shows that @entity13020 @entity9762 and filopodia velocity. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of actin assembly demonstrates that @entity13020 increases actin dynamics. Through a yeast-two hybrid screen, we identified the actin-binding protein @entity26668 as a direct interactor of @entity22222 , a scaffold protein crucial for the Wnt signalling pathway. Gain of function of @entity26668 mimics Wnt-mediated axon remodelling, whereas @entity26668 silencing blocks the axon remodelling activity of @entity13020 . Importantly, blockade of the @entity22222 - @entity26668 interaction completely abolishes @entity13020 -mediated axonal remodelling. These findings demonstrate a novel role for Wnt- @entity22222 signalling through @entity26668 in the regulation of axonal remodeling.

title: Wnt Signalling Promotes Actin Dynamics during Axon Remodelling through the Actin-Binding Protein XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['increases lamellar protrusion']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity26668 :: (2059,Gene) :: ['Eps8']


abstract: Usually an @entity4036 is regarded as a mechanical problem with a local defect which has to be closed by technical means. Despite the introduction of several therapeutic improvements, recurrent @entity547 still appear in 10-15%. Therefore, reasons for a recurrence are discussed in a more fundamental way. It is assumed that a failure mainly depends on the quality of the repair. Correspondingly, in principle, the close causal relationship between the technical component and its failure during time is reflected by an s-shaped outcome curve. In contrast, the configuration of the outcome curve changes markedly if a breakdown is caused by numerous components. Then, the superposition of all incidence curves inevitably leads to a linear decline of the outcome curve without any s-shaped deformation. Regarding outcome curves after @entity547 repair, the cumulative incidences for recurrences of both incisional and @entity169 show a linear rise over years. Considering the configuration of outcome curves of @entity1 with @entity66 , it may therefore be insufficient to explain a recurrence just by a failing technical repair. Rather, biological reasons should be suspected, such as a defective wound healing with impaired scarring process. Recent molecular-biological findings provide increasing evidence of underlying biochemical alterations in @entity1 with recurrent @entity547 . Until predicting markers to identify @entity1 with an impaired wound healing are available and considering the formation of insufficient scar as the underlying disease, the consequences for every surgical repair should be a supplementary reinforcement with nonabsorbable alloplastic nets as flat meshes with an extensive overlap.

title: XXXX as a problem of biology and collagen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hernia disease']

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Hernia recurrence']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of endodontic instrument systems in the removal of @entity6086 [ @entity15383 ] from simulated immature teeth. The root canals of 106 @entity1 single-rooted teeth were shaped with ProTaper rotary files up to an F5 file size. Simulation of roots with immature apices was carried out using size 4 green 1.5-mm diameter Unicore drills. A non-setting @entity15383 was injected into each root canal and inserted into the working length using lentulo spiral, after which @entity2708 pellets were placed over canal orifices. The apical and coronal side of the roots were then sealed with glass ionomer cement and light cured. Specimens were stored in distilled water for 3 months at 37     C. After 3 months, the temporary coronal seal was removed and the samples were randomly divided into five experimental groups according to the method used for @entity15383 removal (ProTaper, Reciproc, OneShape, WaveOne, and Manual) (n   =   20), one positive control group (n   =   3) and one negative control group (n   =   3). The amount of remaining @entity15383 in the canal walls was measured under a stereomicroscope at 30* magnification. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of 0.05. Positive and negative control groups were found to be statistically different from all other groups (p   <   0.05). There were no significant differences among the ProTaper, Reciproc, OneShape, WaveOne, and Manual groups (p   >   0.05). As a conclusion, none of the techniques completely removed @entity15383 from simulated immature teeth.

title: Effects of different instrumentation techniques on XXXX removal from simulated immature teeth.

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

answer: @entity6086 :: (MESH:D002126,Chemical) :: ['calcium hydroxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   The use of nerve conduits to facilitate nerve regrowth after @entity1897 is limited to defects less than 3 cm. The purpose of this study is to determine the capability of novel single and multi-lumen @entity968 ( @entity970 ) conduits manufactured by stereolithography to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. Materials and Methods   Eight @entity35 with sharp transection injuries of the sciatic nerve were randomly assigned to receive single-lumen or multi-lumen @entity970 conduits to bridge a 10-mm gap. Sciatic nerve and conduit samples were harvested after 5 weeks, and axon number, myelin thickness, fiber diameter, and g-ratio were analyzed. The contralateral intact nerve was also harvested for comparison. Results   Partial nerve regeneration was observed in three out of four single-lumen conduits and one out of four multi-lumen conduits. Axon number in the single-lumen regenerated nerve approached that of the contralateral intact nerve at 4,492        2,810.0 and 6,080        627.9 fibers/mm(2), respectively. The percentage of small fibers was greater in the single-lumen conduit compared with the intact nerve, whereas myelin thickness and g-ratio were consistently greater in the autologous nerve. Axon regrowth through the multi-lumen conduits was severely limited. Conclusion   Single-lumen stereolithography-manufactured @entity970 nerve conduits promote nerve regeneration, with regenerating axon numbers approaching that of normal nerve. Multi-lumen conduits demonstrated significantly less nerve regeneration, possibly due to physical properties of the conduit inhibiting growth. Further studies are necessary to compare the efficacy of the two conduits for functional recovery and to elucidate the reasons underlying their differences in nerve regeneration potential.

title: Single-Lumen and Multi-Lumen XXXX Nerve Conduits Fabricated by Stereolithography for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration In Vivo.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['Poly(Ethylene Glycol)']


abstract: In the past 6 years, 50 @entity1 with @entity1986 in our newborn nursery were treated with open operative procedures to remove interstitial air. Thirty-one were critically ill newborns with severe progressive @entity2542 treated with pleurotomies. Five underwent pleurotomies on both sides, for a total of 36 operations in the 31 @entity1 . All of the 31 @entity1 underwent aggressive medical management to reduce airway pressure before resorting to operation. Ventilator manipulations, selective bronchial intubation, Forgerty catheter occlusion of the bronchus, and percutaneous lung needling were among the methods used to reduce @entity2415 in these @entity1 . The operation for all 31 @entity1 consisted of multiple linear @entity4530 . The hilum was skeletonized to release perihilar blebs. A downhill course was reversed by the operation in over 50% of @entity1 . The operation almost always permanently cured the tension @entity2415 on that side. Seventeen of the 31 @entity1 lived. Eight of ten @entity1 with unilateral disease lived. All of those @entity1 who died had either very low birth weight, severe preoperative @entity519 , @entity1457 , or a combination of these problems.

title: Surgical management of neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['pleurotomies to lyse blebs']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary interstitial emphysema']

answer: @entity1986 :: (MESH:D009395,Disease) :: ['interstitial emphysema']


abstract: Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a surface analytical technique with high sensitivity for elemental detection and microlocalization capabilities within the micrometre range. Quantitative analysis of @entity990 resins and gelatin have been reported (Burns-Bellhorn _ File, 1979). We report here the first application of this technique to quantitative microlocalization in the context of a physiological problem--analyses of @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity460 in normal and @entity3649 -induced @entity231 in @entity35 lens. It is known that during the development of @entity3649 -induced @entity231 the whole lens content of @entity972 is decreased, @entity1372 is increased and, in late stages, @entity460 concentration increases. Whether these alterations in diffusible ions occur homogeneously or heterogeneously is not known. Standard curves were generated from @entity990 resins containing known concentrations of @entity1372 , @entity972 or @entity460 organometallic compounds using the Cameca IMS 300 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer. Normal and @entity231 lenses were prepared by freezing in @entity28633 in a liquid @entity1568 bath followed by freeze-drying at -30 degrees C. After dry embedding in @entity990 resin, 10 microns thick sections of lens were pressure mounted on @entity6619 wafers, overcoated with gold, and ion emission measured under the same instrumental conditions used to obtain the standard curves. Quantitative analysis of an area 27 microns in diameter, or a total analysed volume of 1.1 microns3, was performed by using a mechanical aperture in the ion optical system. Ion images provided qualitative microanalysis with a lateral resolution of 1 micron. Control @entity35 lenses gave values for @entity1372 and @entity972 content with a precision of +/- 17% or less. These values were compared to flame photometry and atomic absorption measurements of normal lenses and were accurate within 25%. Analysis of serum and blood also gave accurate and precise measurements of these elements. Normal @entity35 lenses had a gradient of @entity1372 , and, to a lesser degree, of @entity972 from the cortex to the nucleus. Development of @entity3649 -induced @entity231 was heterogeneous by morphological criteria, beginning at the lens equator and spreading from the cortex into the nucleus. However, the loss of @entity972 and increase in @entity1372 concentration occurred at early stages in both the cortex and nucleus cells, possibly because these cells are interconnected by gap junctions. There is a local alteration in elemental content prior to morphologically demonstrable @entity231 formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Quantitative microlocalization of diffusible ions in normal and XXXX @entity231 @entity35 lens by secondary ion mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataractous', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity28633 :: ('MESH:C067038', 'Chemical') :: ['isopentane']

answer: @entity3649 :: (MESH:D005690,Chemical) :: ['galactose']


abstract: Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a surface analytical technique with high sensitivity for elemental detection and microlocalization capabilities within the micrometre range. Quantitative analysis of @entity990 resins and gelatin have been reported (Burns-Bellhorn _ File, 1979). We report here the first application of this technique to quantitative microlocalization in the context of a physiological problem--analyses of @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity460 in normal and @entity3649 -induced @entity231 in @entity35 lens. It is known that during the development of @entity3649 -induced @entity231 the whole lens content of @entity972 is decreased, @entity1372 is increased and, in late stages, @entity460 concentration increases. Whether these alterations in diffusible ions occur homogeneously or heterogeneously is not known. Standard curves were generated from @entity990 resins containing known concentrations of @entity1372 , @entity972 or @entity460 organometallic compounds using the Cameca IMS 300 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer. Normal and @entity231 lenses were prepared by freezing in @entity28633 in a liquid @entity1568 bath followed by freeze-drying at -30 degrees C. After dry embedding in @entity990 resin, 10 microns thick sections of lens were pressure mounted on @entity6619 wafers, overcoated with gold, and ion emission measured under the same instrumental conditions used to obtain the standard curves. Quantitative analysis of an area 27 microns in diameter, or a total analysed volume of 1.1 microns3, was performed by using a mechanical aperture in the ion optical system. Ion images provided qualitative microanalysis with a lateral resolution of 1 micron. Control @entity35 lenses gave values for @entity1372 and @entity972 content with a precision of +/- 17% or less. These values were compared to flame photometry and atomic absorption measurements of normal lenses and were accurate within 25%. Analysis of serum and blood also gave accurate and precise measurements of these elements. Normal @entity35 lenses had a gradient of @entity1372 , and, to a lesser degree, of @entity972 from the cortex to the nucleus. Development of @entity3649 -induced @entity231 was heterogeneous by morphological criteria, beginning at the lens equator and spreading from the cortex into the nucleus. However, the loss of @entity972 and increase in @entity1372 concentration occurred at early stages in both the cortex and nucleus cells, possibly because these cells are interconnected by gap junctions. There is a local alteration in elemental content prior to morphologically demonstrable @entity231 formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Quantitative microlocalization of diffusible ions in normal and @entity3649 XXXX @entity35 lens by secondary ion mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataractous']


abstract: Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a surface analytical technique with high sensitivity for elemental detection and microlocalization capabilities within the micrometre range. Quantitative analysis of @entity990 resins and gelatin have been reported (Burns-Bellhorn _ File, 1979). We report here the first application of this technique to quantitative microlocalization in the context of a physiological problem--analyses of @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity460 in normal and @entity3649 -induced @entity231 in @entity35 lens. It is known that during the development of @entity3649 -induced @entity231 the whole lens content of @entity972 is decreased, @entity1372 is increased and, in late stages, @entity460 concentration increases. Whether these alterations in diffusible ions occur homogeneously or heterogeneously is not known. Standard curves were generated from @entity990 resins containing known concentrations of @entity1372 , @entity972 or @entity460 organometallic compounds using the Cameca IMS 300 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer. Normal and @entity231 lenses were prepared by freezing in @entity28633 in a liquid @entity1568 bath followed by freeze-drying at -30 degrees C. After dry embedding in @entity990 resin, 10 microns thick sections of lens were pressure mounted on @entity6619 wafers, overcoated with gold, and ion emission measured under the same instrumental conditions used to obtain the standard curves. Quantitative analysis of an area 27 microns in diameter, or a total analysed volume of 1.1 microns3, was performed by using a mechanical aperture in the ion optical system. Ion images provided qualitative microanalysis with a lateral resolution of 1 micron. Control @entity35 lenses gave values for @entity1372 and @entity972 content with a precision of +/- 17% or less. These values were compared to flame photometry and atomic absorption measurements of normal lenses and were accurate within 25%. Analysis of serum and blood also gave accurate and precise measurements of these elements. Normal @entity35 lenses had a gradient of @entity1372 , and, to a lesser degree, of @entity972 from the cortex to the nucleus. Development of @entity3649 -induced @entity231 was heterogeneous by morphological criteria, beginning at the lens equator and spreading from the cortex into the nucleus. However, the loss of @entity972 and increase in @entity1372 concentration occurred at early stages in both the cortex and nucleus cells, possibly because these cells are interconnected by gap junctions. There is a local alteration in elemental content prior to morphologically demonstrable @entity231 formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Quantitative microlocalization of diffusible ions in normal and @entity3649 @entity231 XXXX lens by secondary ion mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The high mortality and morbidity rates associated with @entity712 are still not well explained. A few psychosocial factors have been studied and explain some of this risk, but other factors, like stress, remain largely unexplored in @entity712 . This study aimed to (1) examine the association of stress with 6-month cardiac event-free survival, (2) examine the relationship of stress with salivary @entity701 , and (3) examine the association of salivary @entity701 level with 6-month cardiac event-free survival. METHOD: A total of 81 @entity712 @entity1 participated. Stress was measured using the brief Perceived Stress Scale. @entity701 was measured from unstimulated whole expectorated saliva. Cox regression analyses were used to determine whether stress predicted event-free survival, and if salivary @entity701 predicted event-free survival. Linear and multiple regressions were used to determine the association of stress with salivary @entity701 . RESULTS: Stress was not a significant predictor of event-free survival in @entity712 (heart rate = 1.06; 95% confidence interval = 0.95-1.81; p = 0.32). Salivary @entity701 was a significant predictor of event-free survival in the unadjusted model (heart rate = 2.30; 95% confidence interval = 0.99-5.927; p = 0.05), but not in the adjusted model. Stress (b 1.06; 95% confidence interval = 0.95-1.18; p = 0.32) was not a significant predictor of salivary @entity701 level. CONCLUSION: Stress is a complex phenomenon, and our measure of stress may not have captured it well. Alternatively, the physical stressors acting in @entity712 produce levels of neurohormonal activation that mask the effects of psychosocial stressors or an indirect association of stress with outcomes that is mediated through another construct. Future studies are needed to investigate stress in @entity1 with @entity712 to provide definitive answers.

title: Examination of the potential association of stress with morbidity and mortality outcomes in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The high mortality and morbidity rates associated with @entity712 are still not well explained. A few psychosocial factors have been studied and explain some of this risk, but other factors, like stress, remain largely unexplored in @entity712 . This study aimed to (1) examine the association of stress with 6-month cardiac event-free survival, (2) examine the relationship of stress with salivary @entity701 , and (3) examine the association of salivary @entity701 level with 6-month cardiac event-free survival. METHOD: A total of 81 @entity712 @entity1 participated. Stress was measured using the brief Perceived Stress Scale. @entity701 was measured from unstimulated whole expectorated saliva. Cox regression analyses were used to determine whether stress predicted event-free survival, and if salivary @entity701 predicted event-free survival. Linear and multiple regressions were used to determine the association of stress with salivary @entity701 . RESULTS: Stress was not a significant predictor of event-free survival in @entity712 (heart rate = 1.06; 95% confidence interval = 0.95-1.81; p = 0.32). Salivary @entity701 was a significant predictor of event-free survival in the unadjusted model (heart rate = 2.30; 95% confidence interval = 0.99-5.927; p = 0.05), but not in the adjusted model. Stress (b 1.06; 95% confidence interval = 0.95-1.18; p = 0.32) was not a significant predictor of salivary @entity701 level. CONCLUSION: Stress is a complex phenomenon, and our measure of stress may not have captured it well. Alternatively, the physical stressors acting in @entity712 produce levels of neurohormonal activation that mask the effects of psychosocial stressors or an indirect association of stress with outcomes that is mediated through another construct. Future studies are needed to investigate stress in @entity1 with @entity712 to provide definitive answers.

title: Examination of the potential association of stress with morbidity and mortality outcomes in XXXX with @entity712 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Objective. To describe urologists' practice patterns when managing @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) in Spain. Methods. This was an observational study conducted by 120 urologists using retrospective data of advanced @entity263 @entity1 attending hospitals and outpatient centers. Results. Urologists evaluated a total of 375 @entity1 (mean age: 75 years; ECOG 0-1: 77%; mean serum PSA levels at study entry: 50.5   ng/Ml). Approximately 50% of @entity1 had bone metastases, and 60.6% experienced @entity158 as the main symptom of progressive disease. Primary @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) use was 99.7%, with continuous ADT as the dominant strategy (91.9%). After failure of initial ADT, antiandrogen withdrawal was the next method most commonly used in 57% of @entity1 . Choice of secondary hormonal treatment was made mostly by urologists (96%), who continued to monitor @entity1 . @entity1 follow-up after chemotherapy and supportive care were mainly done in urology units, although responsibility was shared with medical oncologists and radiologists. Conclusion. The urologists' attitudes towards management of @entity263 in the routine practice in Spain show the urologist as an integral component even when @entity1 progress to advanced stages of the disease.

title: Current Patterns of Management of Advanced XXXX in Routine Clinical Practice in Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PCa', 'advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have suggested an effect of gender on outcome after @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ), but the results are conflicting. We aimed to investigate the association of gender to outcome, coronary angiography (CAG) and adverse events in @entity1167 survivors treated with @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the International Cardiac Arrest Registry. Adult @entity1 with a non-traumatic @entity1167 and treated with @entity2332 were included. Good neurological outcome was defined as a cerebral performance category (CPC) of 1 or 2. RESULTS: A total of 1667 @entity1 , 472 @entity1 (28%) and 1195 @entity1 (72%), met the inclusion criteria. @entity1 were more likely to receive bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, have an initial shockable rhythm and to have a presumed cardiac cause of arrest. At hospital discharge, @entity1 had a higher survival rate (52% vs. 38%, p   <   0.001) and more often a good neurological outcome (43% vs. 32%, p   <   0.001) in the univariate analysis. When adjusting for baseline characteristics, male gender was associated with improved survival (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01-1.78) but no longer with neurological outcome (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 0.92-1.67). Adverse events were common; @entity1 more often had @entity1371 , @entity1272 and @entity548 requiring transfusion, while @entity1 had more @entity55 . In a subgroup analysis of @entity1 with a presumed cardiac cause of arrest (n   =   1361), @entity1 more often had CAG performed on admission (58% vs. 50%, p   =   0.02) but this discrepancy disappeared in an adjusted analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences exist regarding cause of arrest, adverse events and outcome. Male gender was independently associated with survival but not with neurological outcome.

title: Association of gender to outcome after XXXX - a report from the International Cardiac Arrest Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['out-of-hospital cardiac arrest', 'OHCA']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['mild induced hypothermia', 'MIH']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['out-of-hospital cardiac arrest']


abstract: A @entity1042 extract of the roots of Olax gambecola induced a biphasic contractile response consisting of a transitory initial rapid contraction (Phase I), followed by a slowly developing sustained increase in basal tone (Phase II) on @entity35 fundus, antrum, @entity840 taenia coli, @entity95 jejunum and aorta. The Phase I contraction was abolished by @entity3897 , attenuated significantly by @entity3352 and potentiated by @entity2607 while the Phase II response was unaffected. @entity4033 , @entity1286 , @entity750 ( @entity750 ) antagonists or desensitization of @entity750 receptors did not alter either the Phase I or the Phase II contractions. @entity460 channel blockers and procedures affecting @entity460 translocation abolished the Phase I contraction while only reducing the Phase II contractions. Transmural electrical stimulation produced contractions of the fundus which were attenuated by the extract. Single bolus injections of extract produced a rapid fall in blood pressure in both normotensive and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 but intravenous infusion resulted in a sustained fall in blood pressure which was maintained throughout the infusion period. Chronic i.p. administration of extract to spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 reduced blood pressure markedly but did not alter the blood pressure of normotensive animals. The @entity551 response to single bolus injections was abolished by @entity3897 and potentiated by @entity2607 . The activity profile of the extract suggests the presence of at least two active principles in the crude extract of Olax gambecola used in this study.

title: Effects of Olax gambecola XXXX extract on smooth muscle and @entity35 blood pressure.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['Hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium', 'calcium']

answer: @entity1042 :: (MESH:D000432,Chemical) :: ['methanol']


abstract: A @entity1042 extract of the roots of Olax gambecola induced a biphasic contractile response consisting of a transitory initial rapid contraction (Phase I), followed by a slowly developing sustained increase in basal tone (Phase II) on @entity35 fundus, antrum, @entity840 taenia coli, @entity95 jejunum and aorta. The Phase I contraction was abolished by @entity3897 , attenuated significantly by @entity3352 and potentiated by @entity2607 while the Phase II response was unaffected. @entity4033 , @entity1286 , @entity750 ( @entity750 ) antagonists or desensitization of @entity750 receptors did not alter either the Phase I or the Phase II contractions. @entity460 channel blockers and procedures affecting @entity460 translocation abolished the Phase I contraction while only reducing the Phase II contractions. Transmural electrical stimulation produced contractions of the fundus which were attenuated by the extract. Single bolus injections of extract produced a rapid fall in blood pressure in both normotensive and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 but intravenous infusion resulted in a sustained fall in blood pressure which was maintained throughout the infusion period. Chronic i.p. administration of extract to spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 reduced blood pressure markedly but did not alter the blood pressure of normotensive animals. The @entity551 response to single bolus injections was abolished by @entity3897 and potentiated by @entity2607 . The activity profile of the extract suggests the presence of at least two active principles in the crude extract of Olax gambecola used in this study.

title: Effects of Olax gambecola @entity1042 extract on smooth muscle and XXXX blood pressure.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']