abstract: Effects of @entity8777 on @entity1249 pyramidal neurons and synaptic transmission were investigated with intracellular recording in fully submerged @entity35 hippocampal slices. Superfusion with 1-4 mM @entity8777 reversibly depolarized the membrane by 15.1 +/- 1.4 mV, reduced the amplitude and broadened the duration of action potentials due to a slower rate of repolarization, without significant change in membrane conductance. When membrane potential was returned to control level by the injection of a steady outward current, action potential amplitude recovered but repolarization remained slow. The extent of depolarization was not dependent on the concentration of @entity8777 between 1 and 4 mM. @entity8777 greatly depressed orthodromic transmission evoked by the stimulation of Schaffer collateral/commissural fibers several minutes after depolarizing the @entity1249 neuron. Interruption of transmission began with a decrease in excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitude and eventually EPSPs were almost eliminated. When @entity8777 was removed, it took 2-3 min for membrane potential and 10-15 min for transmission to recover. Inward currents induced by bath application of @entity14425 acting on @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptors were also depressed. In contrast, @entity8777 enhanced @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-induced currents. This @entity841 disappeared in the absence of added @entity1025 . A reduction in @entity14425 -induced responses provided a possible explanation for the inhibition of excitatory transmission by @entity8777 .

title: Effects of ammonium ions on synaptic transmission and on responses to XXXX and @entity1024 in hippocampal @entity1249 pyramidal neurons in vitro.

answer: @entity14425 :: (MESH:D016318,Chemical) :: ['quisqualate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We investigated how apes allocated their choices between 2 food options that varied in terms of their quantity and quality. Experiment 1 tested whether subjects preferred an AB option over an A option, where the A item is preferred to the B item (e.g., apple + @entity10786 vs. apple). Additionally, we tested whether the length of the intertrial interval (ITI) affected subjects' choices. Five @entity17055 , 4 @entity17056 , 7 @entity4839 , and 10 @entity831 received 3 types of trials: preference (A vs. B), quantity (AA vs. A), and mixed (AB vs. A where A is the preferred food). We used 3 food items that substantially differed in terms of preference ( @entity10786 , apples, and pellets). Subjects showed no overall preference for the mixed option (AB) compared with the single option (A), even though they showed clear preferences during both the preference and quantity trials. The intertrial length had no effect on choice behavior. Experiment 2 further explored apes' choices by using 3 highly preferred food items (bananas, grapes, and pellets) in 6 @entity17055 , 4 @entity17056 , 8 @entity4839 , and 18 @entity831 . Unlike the results of Experiment 1, apes generally chose the mixed option. Our results indicated that apes did not show a general "selective-value" effect but chose depending on the relative value of the food items involved. Subjects were more likely to select the mixed over the single option when (a) the mixed option was composed of items that were closer in value and (b) they were compared against the less valuable item forming the mixed option. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Differences in Between-Reinforcer Value Modulate the Selective-Value Effect in Great Apes (Pan Troglodyes, XXXX , @entity17056 , Pongo Abelii).

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzees']

answer: @entity4839 :: (9597,Species) :: ['P. Paniscus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We investigated how apes allocated their choices between 2 food options that varied in terms of their quantity and quality. Experiment 1 tested whether subjects preferred an AB option over an A option, where the A item is preferred to the B item (e.g., apple + @entity10786 vs. apple). Additionally, we tested whether the length of the intertrial interval (ITI) affected subjects' choices. Five @entity17055 , 4 @entity17056 , 7 @entity4839 , and 10 @entity831 received 3 types of trials: preference (A vs. B), quantity (AA vs. A), and mixed (AB vs. A where A is the preferred food). We used 3 food items that substantially differed in terms of preference ( @entity10786 , apples, and pellets). Subjects showed no overall preference for the mixed option (AB) compared with the single option (A), even though they showed clear preferences during both the preference and quantity trials. The intertrial length had no effect on choice behavior. Experiment 2 further explored apes' choices by using 3 highly preferred food items (bananas, grapes, and pellets) in 6 @entity17055 , 4 @entity17056 , 8 @entity4839 , and 18 @entity831 . Unlike the results of Experiment 1, apes generally chose the mixed option. Our results indicated that apes did not show a general "selective-value" effect but chose depending on the relative value of the food items involved. Subjects were more likely to select the mixed over the single option when (a) the mixed option was composed of items that were closer in value and (b) they were compared against the less valuable item forming the mixed option. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Differences in Between-Reinforcer Value Modulate the Selective-Value Effect in Great Apes (Pan Troglodyes, @entity4839 , XXXX , Pongo Abelii).

answer: @entity17056 :: (9593,Species) :: ['Gorilla Gorilla']


abstract: @entity308 has detrimental effects on broad areas of functioning. However, its association with career decision-making factors has been largely unexplored. In the present study, we focused on the association between career decision-making difficulties, career-decision status, and career-preference crystallization, on the one hand, and @entity308 , on the other. The hypothesis that high levels of career decision-making difficulties, less advanced decision status, and low levels of preference crystallization are associated with higher levels of @entity308 was tested with a sample of 222 college seniors. In addition, since it has been found that work-related stressors are more often associated with @entity308 among @entity1 than @entity1 , it was hypothesized that the associations between vocational factors and @entity308 would be stronger for @entity1 than for @entity1 . The @entity1 filled out online self-report questionnaires assessing @entity308 , emotional and personality-related career decision-making difficulties, career-decision status, and career preferences. The results indicated that self-concept and identity-related career decision-making difficulties were associated with @entity308 for both @entity1 and @entity1 . In addition, for @entity1 , but not for @entity1 , less crystallization of career preferences also predicted higher levels of @entity308 . These results show how important it is for counseling psychologists to understand the role of the individual's vocational situation in @entity308 . (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Gender differences in the association of XXXX with career indecisiveness, career-decision status, and career-preference crystallization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ) is a rare, albeit aggressive subset of @entity1893 , resulting in varied treatment approaches. Given the paucity of data defining the optimal management for early-stage @entity1073 , we conducted an analysis using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to identify practice patterns and outcomes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The NCDB was queried for @entity1 with stage I to II @entity1073 diagnosed from 1998 to 2012 receiving @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) or @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ), or both ( @entity7730 + @entity1161 ). Univariate and multivariable analyses for factors associated with treatment selection were completed using logistic regression. Propensity scores with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) were calculated based on the conditional probability of receiving @entity7730 + @entity1161 . The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards modeling with IPTW adjustment were conducted for the survival analyses. RESULTS: In total, 2539 @entity1 were identified. The key characteristics were as follows: 69% were male, 71% were aged >= 60  years, 28% had extranodal involvement, and 51% had stage I disease. Of the 2539 @entity1 , 70% underwent @entity7730 , 11% underwent @entity1161 , and 19% underwent @entity7730 + @entity1161 . The use of @entity7730 + @entity1161 decreased from 23.1% to 14.1% in 1998 to 2002 and 2010 to 2012 (P<.001). @entity7730 + @entity1161 usage was lower for @entity1 with the following characteristics: age >= 60  years, female sex, @entity34 , and the presence of B symptoms. With a median follow-up period of 42.8  months, the unadjusted 3-year overall survival estimates for @entity1 receiving @entity7730 , @entity1161 , or @entity7730 + @entity1161 were 67.8%, 72.4%, and 79.8%, respectively (P<.001). After correcting for indication bias through IPTW-adjusted modeling, @entity7730 + @entity1161 reduced the risk of overall mortality compared with monotherapy (hazard ratio 0.65, P=.029). CONCLUSIONS: Although uncommon, @entity1 with stage I-II @entity1073 can have favorable outcomes. Despite a continued decline in the usage of consolidative @entity1161 , combined modality therapy improves survival in this cohort compared with monotherapy.

title: Management Trends and Outcomes for Stage I to II XXXX Using the National Cancer Data Base: Ascertaining the Ideal Treatment Paradigm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['Mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity1073 :: (MESH:D020522,Disease) :: ['Mantle Cell Lymphoma']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 (nine male, six female) with @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) undergoing HLA-identical allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) received preparative regimens consisting of @entity786 and total lymphoid irradiation. @entity1 were aged from eight to 26 years (median 15 years). Prophylaxis of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) including @entity205 and short course @entity1499 was administered. One @entity204 occurred at day 8 post BMT. Among the other 14 @entity1 , one died of @entity295 at day 53 with no evidence of engraftment, 13 were engrafted despite the number of donors exposed in transfusions of previous blood components. Eleven @entity1 have survived from six to 100 months (median, 54 months), post BMT. The remaining two @entity1 died of @entity2132 on days 44 and 63. Acute @entity2132 occurred among eight of 13 engrafted @entity1 , five of whom were grades II-IV clinically. @entity2132 developed among five @entity1 , three of whom were clinically progressive and extensive. Two of three @entity1 with extensive @entity2132 had received transfusion of donor's buffy coat after BMT. Our data indicate an engraftment rate of 87% (13/15). The projected probability of disease-free survival was 73% (11/15) at 9.3 years after BMT according to the Kaplan-Meier model. Further efforts must be made to eliminate @entity2132 and to control fatal @entity281 .

title: Bone marrow transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['severe aplastic anemia', 'SAA']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Chronic GVHD', 'chronic GVHD', 'graft versus host disease', 'acute GVHD-related infections']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['severe aplastic anemia']


abstract: Two types of natriuretic peptide receptors ( @entity28353 and @entity31246 ) are membrane guanylate cyclases whose relative expression varies in different tissues. Because natriuretic peptides have been shown to inhibit aortic smooth muscle proliferation, we investigated the regulation of @entity28353 and @entity31246 in these cells under different proliferative conditions. NPR subtype mRNA levels were measured by our newly developed quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay using mutated @entity28353 and @entity31246 cRNA as internal standards. The functional impact of their expression was determined by @entity12579 (ANP)- and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)-induced stimulation of @entity8262 production. In the intact aorta, @entity31246 mRNA levels were found to be 10-fold higher than those of @entity28353 . This dominance was further amplified (1000-fold) in long-term cultures (10 to 15 passages) of aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMC). Higher @entity8262 production with CNP than with ANP was observed in cultured ASMC from @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 . Similar stimulation by the two agonists was noted in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) cells, paralleled by a 10-fold increase in @entity28353 mRNA levels and ANP stimulation of @entity8262 in @entity101 cells. The present study also evaluated @entity28353 and @entity31246 mRNA control by @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ), an important regulator of cell proliferation that is overexpressed in SHR ASMC. @entity1810 decreased both @entity28353 and @entity31246 mRNA levels with a predominant effect in SHR cells at high cell density.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Regulation of natriuretic peptide receptor A and B expression by XXXX in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 1', 'TGF-beta 1']

answer: @entity1810 :: (59086(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 1']


abstract: For treatment of @entity1034 , @entity41463 ( @entity9989 ) has been the only drug available in Japan. However, IUdR is not completely satisfactory, and alternative antivirals are required. The Association for Research in Infectious @entity2194 , Japan, carried out a clinical trial in 92 cases of @entity3283 using 3 percent @entity1033 ophthalmic ointment to determine its efficacy and safety. In 63 eyes, it had an excellent effect and @entity1066 healed within seven days. In 26 eyes, it had a good effect and @entity1066 healed within 14 days or became half-size within seven days. Therefore, the response to @entity1033 in 96.8 percent of cases was excellent or good. The average healing time in 81 eyes in which @entity1066 disappeared within 14 days was 5.8 +/- 3.4 days. Including the five eyes in which @entity1066 took more than 14 days to heal, the average healing time of @entity1066 was 6.6 +/- 4.8 days. Of the 92 @entity1 treated with @entity1033 ointment, one had contact blepharoconjunctivitis and another complained of mild @entity146 . Mild @entity1036 , as another side effect of @entity1033 ointment, was observed in 22 eyes (23.9 percent) by photo-slit lamp examination, but in these @entity1 it was possible to continue treatment without complaint.

title: Clinical evaluation of @entity1033 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Diseases of the Eye']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1034 :: ('MESH:D016849', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['punctate keratitis']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative herpetic keratitis']

answer: @entity3283 :: (MESH:D003320,Disease) :: ['ulcerative herpetic keratitis']


abstract: For treatment of @entity1034 , @entity41463 ( @entity9989 ) has been the only drug available in Japan. However, IUdR is not completely satisfactory, and alternative antivirals are required. The Association for Research in Infectious @entity2194 , Japan, carried out a clinical trial in 92 cases of @entity3283 using 3 percent @entity1033 ophthalmic ointment to determine its efficacy and safety. In 63 eyes, it had an excellent effect and @entity1066 healed within seven days. In 26 eyes, it had a good effect and @entity1066 healed within 14 days or became half-size within seven days. Therefore, the response to @entity1033 in 96.8 percent of cases was excellent or good. The average healing time in 81 eyes in which @entity1066 disappeared within 14 days was 5.8 +/- 3.4 days. Including the five eyes in which @entity1066 took more than 14 days to heal, the average healing time of @entity1066 was 6.6 +/- 4.8 days. Of the 92 @entity1 treated with @entity1033 ointment, one had contact blepharoconjunctivitis and another complained of mild @entity146 . Mild @entity1036 , as another side effect of @entity1033 ointment, was observed in 22 eyes (23.9 percent) by photo-slit lamp examination, but in these @entity1 it was possible to continue treatment without complaint.

title: Clinical evaluation of XXXX in the treatment of @entity3283 .

answer: @entity1033 :: (MESH:D000212,Chemical) :: ['acyclovir']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of @entity1722 on prognosis of @entity0 is controversial. The authors investigated by immunohistochemistry in node-positive disease the influence of the pattern of immunostaining (membranous or cytoplasmic) on outcome and the prognostic significance of this marker in @entity1 receiving or not receiving adjuvant therapy. METHODS: The immunostaining for @entity1722 oncoprotein was performed on @entity406 -solution-fixed, @entity982 -embedded sections of 888 node-positive @entity0 resected between 1980 and 1986 and for which a follow-up of 2.5-10.5 years was available. The staining was performed using a polyclonal antibody (dilution, 1/15). RESULTS: One hundred forty-three cases (16.1%) revealed a positive membrane staining with or without additional cytoplasmic contribution, whereas cytoplasmic staining alone was noted in 118 cases (13.3%). Positive membrane staining was correlated with more involved lymph nodes (P = 0.005), @entity2007 (P = 0.002), poor nuclear (P < 0.0001) and histologic (P = 0.007) grades, absence of @entity172 (P < 0.0001) and @entity1420 (P < 0.0001) receptor content, and @entity10815 expression (P = 0.009). No relation was found (P > 0.05) with either age, @entity5 size, or @entity2284 expression. Membrane staining was strongly associated with poor distant metastasis-free or overall survival rate (P < 0.0001), whereas cytoplasmic staining had no prognostic significance. Two hundred thirty-two @entity1 (26.1%) received no additional treatment after surgery. The difference in survival rates between cases with positive and negative staining was only significant among @entity1 submitted to adjuvant chemotherapy or hormone therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study strongly supports the association of @entity1722 oncoprotein expression with poor prognosis in @entity0 and demonstrates that membranous but not cytoplasmic staining is prognostically relevant. It also shows that @entity1722 oncoprotein expression is useful in predicting survival time only in @entity1 receiving adjuvant therapy, thus suggesting that it may be a marker of drug resistance.

title: Prognostic significance of XXXX oncoprotein expression in @entity0 . The influence of the pattern of immunostaining and adjuvant therapy.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'node-positive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER-2/neu']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of @entity1722 on prognosis of @entity0 is controversial. The authors investigated by immunohistochemistry in node-positive disease the influence of the pattern of immunostaining (membranous or cytoplasmic) on outcome and the prognostic significance of this marker in @entity1 receiving or not receiving adjuvant therapy. METHODS: The immunostaining for @entity1722 oncoprotein was performed on @entity406 -solution-fixed, @entity982 -embedded sections of 888 node-positive @entity0 resected between 1980 and 1986 and for which a follow-up of 2.5-10.5 years was available. The staining was performed using a polyclonal antibody (dilution, 1/15). RESULTS: One hundred forty-three cases (16.1%) revealed a positive membrane staining with or without additional cytoplasmic contribution, whereas cytoplasmic staining alone was noted in 118 cases (13.3%). Positive membrane staining was correlated with more involved lymph nodes (P = 0.005), @entity2007 (P = 0.002), poor nuclear (P < 0.0001) and histologic (P = 0.007) grades, absence of @entity172 (P < 0.0001) and @entity1420 (P < 0.0001) receptor content, and @entity10815 expression (P = 0.009). No relation was found (P > 0.05) with either age, @entity5 size, or @entity2284 expression. Membrane staining was strongly associated with poor distant metastasis-free or overall survival rate (P < 0.0001), whereas cytoplasmic staining had no prognostic significance. Two hundred thirty-two @entity1 (26.1%) received no additional treatment after surgery. The difference in survival rates between cases with positive and negative staining was only significant among @entity1 submitted to adjuvant chemotherapy or hormone therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study strongly supports the association of @entity1722 oncoprotein expression with poor prognosis in @entity0 and demonstrates that membranous but not cytoplasmic staining is prognostically relevant. It also shows that @entity1722 oncoprotein expression is useful in predicting survival time only in @entity1 receiving adjuvant therapy, thus suggesting that it may be a marker of drug resistance.

title: Prognostic significance of @entity1722 oncoprotein expression in XXXX . The influence of the pattern of immunostaining and adjuvant therapy.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['node-positive breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1722 oncogene amplification and overexpression of @entity0 tissue has been correlated with poor prognosis in @entity1 with both node-positive and node-negative disease. However, several studies have not confirmed this association. Review of these studies reveals the presence of considerable methodological variability including differences in study size, follow-up time, techniques and reagents. The majority of papers with clinical follow-up information are immunohistochemical studies using archival, paraffin-embedded @entity0 , and a variety of @entity1722 antibodies have been used in these studies. Very little information, however, is available about the ability of the antibodies to detect overexpression following tissue processing for paraffin-embedding. Therefore, a series of antibodies, reported in the literature or commercially available, were evaluated to assess their sensitivity and specificity as immunohistochemical reagents. @entity982 -embedded samples of 187 @entity0 , previously characterized as frozen specimens for @entity1722 /neu amplification by Southern blot and for overexpression by Northern blot, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, were used. Two multitumor paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were prepared from the previously analyzed @entity0 as a panel of cases to test a series of previously studied and/or commercially available anti- @entity1722 antibodies. Immunohistochemical staining results obtained with 7 polyclonal and 21 monoclonal antibodies in sections from paraffin-embedded blocks of these @entity0 were compared. The ability of these antibodies to detect overexpression was extremely variable, providing an important explantation for the variable overexpression rate reported in the literature.

title: Sensitivity of XXXX antibodies in archival tissue samples: potential source of error in immunohistochemical studies of oncogene expression.

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER-2/neu']


abstract: The intercellular adhesion of circulating leukocytes to vascular endothelium is a prerequisite for leukocyte emigration from the blood to extravascular tissues. This process is facilitated by adhesion molecules on the surfaces of both the vascular endothelial cells and the leukocytes. The experiments presented here demonstrate for the first time that the leukocyte adhesion receptor, @entity1590 , is constitutively expressed on cultured cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell lines derived from both spontaneously @entity101 (SHR) @entity35 and normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 . Both cultures contained similar numbers of cells constitutively expressing this adhesion molecule (31.4% and 29.6%, respectively). Adhesion molecule expression was up-regulated by interleukin-1 beta, @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, @entity3692 and lipopolysaccharide in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Both cultures exhibited similar maximum levels of adhesion molecule up-regulation to optimal concentrations of all three cytokines. However, SHR endothelial cells were more sensitive to all three cytokines; significantly higher levels of @entity1590 expression were seen on SHR as opposed to WKY endothelial cells cultured with sub-optimal cytokine concentrations. It was also observed that lipopolysaccharide up-regulated @entity1590 expression on SHR endothelial cells to a greater extent than on WKY endothelial cells. The findings that @entity1590 can be up-regulated to a greater degree on SHR endothelial cells may have important implications for in vivo perivascular leukocyte accumulation under @entity101 conditions. These observations indicate a possible mechanism by which @entity101 may predispose to the development of disorders such as @entity731 and @entity64 .

title: Adhesion molecules on normotensive and XXXX @entity35 brain endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The intercellular adhesion of circulating leukocytes to vascular endothelium is a prerequisite for leukocyte emigration from the blood to extravascular tissues. This process is facilitated by adhesion molecules on the surfaces of both the vascular endothelial cells and the leukocytes. The experiments presented here demonstrate for the first time that the leukocyte adhesion receptor, @entity1590 , is constitutively expressed on cultured cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell lines derived from both spontaneously @entity101 (SHR) @entity35 and normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 . Both cultures contained similar numbers of cells constitutively expressing this adhesion molecule (31.4% and 29.6%, respectively). Adhesion molecule expression was up-regulated by interleukin-1 beta, @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, @entity3692 and lipopolysaccharide in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Both cultures exhibited similar maximum levels of adhesion molecule up-regulation to optimal concentrations of all three cytokines. However, SHR endothelial cells were more sensitive to all three cytokines; significantly higher levels of @entity1590 expression were seen on SHR as opposed to WKY endothelial cells cultured with sub-optimal cytokine concentrations. It was also observed that lipopolysaccharide up-regulated @entity1590 expression on SHR endothelial cells to a greater extent than on WKY endothelial cells. The findings that @entity1590 can be up-regulated to a greater degree on SHR endothelial cells may have important implications for in vivo perivascular leukocyte accumulation under @entity101 conditions. These observations indicate a possible mechanism by which @entity101 may predispose to the development of disorders such as @entity731 and @entity64 .

title: Adhesion molecules on normotensive and @entity101 XXXX brain endothelial cells.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1 The anti- @entity101 effects and safety of @entity6555 have been evaluated in multicentre clinical trials in Japan based on unified study protocols. The results of three studies are reported. 2 A total of 178 @entity1 with essential @entity101 were treated with @entity6555 for 12 weeks, 127 of them with @entity6555 alone (monotherapy) and the other 51 with @entity6555 plus diuretics (combined therapy). 3 Satisfactory antihypertensive effects were achieved in 76 of the 119 assessable @entity1 in the monotherapy group and 25 of the 49 in the combined therapy group. The mean daily doses of @entity6555 were 329 mg in the monotherapy group and 374 mg in the combined therapy group. Seven @entity1 (six in the monotherapy group; one in the combined therapy group) were withdrawn from the trials due to side-effects. 4 Sixty-one @entity1 with @entity101 were treated with @entity6555 alone or combined with diuretics for 6 months or longer. In most of these @entity1 , good blood pressure control was achieved. No @entity1 had to discontinue the treatment due to side-effects. The mean daily doses of @entity6555 were stabilised in and after week 8 of the treatment at an average of 260 mg in the monotherapy and 450 mg in the combined therapy. Tolerance to the anti- @entity101 effect did not develop. 5 Thirty @entity1 with phaeochromocytoma were treated with @entity6555 and good blood pressure control was achieved in 21 of them. The effects of @entity6555 were better in @entity1 with predominantly adrenaline-secreting @entity5 , and better in @entity1 with sustained @entity101 type than in those with paroxysmal @entity101 type.

title: The use of XXXX in Japan: results of multicentre clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['labetalol']

answer: @entity6555 :: (MESH:D007741,Chemical) :: ['labetalol']


abstract: Various studies have demonstrated the usefulness of monoclonal antibodies in recognizing discrete @entity5 antigenic determinants. The present study describes the tissue reactivity of monoclonal antibodies prepared against a @entity957 . Antigens were purified from the @entity5 extract by anti- @entity2262 affinity chromatography. These @entity2263 -associated antigens demonstrated @entity5 specificity by the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay. Antibody-secreting hybridomas were generated by fusion of @entity19 @entity1582 cells with @entity19 spleen cells immunized with purified @entity5 antigens. Hybridomas were selected by a solid-phase @entity5 membrane-binding immunoassay. The target specificity of the secreted monoclonal antibodies was ascertained by radioimmunoprecipitation analysis and indirect immunofluorescence on various @entity1 @entity5 and normal tissue sections. Monoclonal antibody-secreting hybridomas 48.4.8 and 48.4.2 secreted immunoglobulin that selectively immunoprecipitated polypeptide fragments from @entity1 @entity2 membrane antigens. Hybridoma 9.2.2 secreted antibody that was strongly positive by indirect immunofluorescence on all tested lung @entity957 . Adjacent or intervening normal lung tissue did not display significant immunofluorescence. @entity420 of the lung were negative or focally positive when focal squamous cell differentiation was present. @entity4153 were negative. The secreted antibody did not significantly stain three extrapulmonary @entity5 or a variety of normal tissues.

title: Monoclonal antibodies to @entity1 XXXX antigens demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation.

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['Oat cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the lung', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2 microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumor']


abstract: Various studies have demonstrated the usefulness of monoclonal antibodies in recognizing discrete @entity5 antigenic determinants. The present study describes the tissue reactivity of monoclonal antibodies prepared against a @entity957 . Antigens were purified from the @entity5 extract by anti- @entity2262 affinity chromatography. These @entity2263 -associated antigens demonstrated @entity5 specificity by the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay. Antibody-secreting hybridomas were generated by fusion of @entity19 @entity1582 cells with @entity19 spleen cells immunized with purified @entity5 antigens. Hybridomas were selected by a solid-phase @entity5 membrane-binding immunoassay. The target specificity of the secreted monoclonal antibodies was ascertained by radioimmunoprecipitation analysis and indirect immunofluorescence on various @entity1 @entity5 and normal tissue sections. Monoclonal antibody-secreting hybridomas 48.4.8 and 48.4.2 secreted immunoglobulin that selectively immunoprecipitated polypeptide fragments from @entity1 @entity2 membrane antigens. Hybridoma 9.2.2 secreted antibody that was strongly positive by indirect immunofluorescence on all tested lung @entity957 . Adjacent or intervening normal lung tissue did not display significant immunofluorescence. @entity420 of the lung were negative or focally positive when focal squamous cell differentiation was present. @entity4153 were negative. The secreted antibody did not significantly stain three extrapulmonary @entity5 or a variety of normal tissues.

title: Monoclonal antibodies to XXXX @entity2 antigens demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. The effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on the generation of pacemaker action potentials, recorded from the sino-atrial node of the @entity840 , were determined by using intracellular recording techniques. 2. Trains of stimuli applied to the right stellate ganglion led to an increase in heart rate after a delay of a few seconds. During the initial phase of the @entity591 the rate of discharge of pacemaker action potentials increased and the rate of diastolic depolarization increased, but both the peak diastolic potential and the maximum rate of rise of the action potentials were reduced. During the later phase of the @entity591 the peak diastolic potential, the amplitude of the action potentials, the maximum rate of rise and the rate of repolarization of the action potentials were increased. 3. When membrane potential recordings were made from sino-atrial node cells, in which beating had been abolished by adding the organic @entity460 antagonist @entity594 , sympathetic nerve stimulation initiated excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) which had time courses similar to those of the @entity591 recorded from beating preparations. 4. Although both the @entity591 produced by either sympathetic nerve stimulation or added @entity1063 were largely abolished by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, the membrane potential changes recorded during the responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation or added @entity1063 were different. Bath-applied @entity1063 caused a @entity591 which was associated with an increase in the amplitudes of pacemaker action potentials, an increase in the peak diastolic potential and a shortening in the duration of pacemaker action potentials. 5. The addition of agents which cause the accumulation of @entity1919 in the cytoplasm of the cells produced a @entity591 which was associated with a similar sequence of changes in the membrane potentials to those produced by added @entity1063 ; again the membrane potential changes produced by these agents differed from those produced by sympathetic nerve stimulation. 6. The results are discussed in relation to the idea that neurally released @entity1063 activates a set of receptors which cause @entity591 by increasing inward current flow during diastole, whereas added @entity1063 activates a set of receptors that are linked to a @entity1919 -dependent pathway which modifies the properties of some of the voltage-dependent channels involved in pacemaking activity.

title: Effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on the sino-atrial node of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a procedure for establishing treatment guidelines during pregnancy and, as an application of the method, the recommendations for treatment of @entity111 . DESIGN: A preliminary survey was carried out among @entity1 of the study group to determine drug choices for treatment of @entity111 during pregnancy. Literature data on the selected drugs were analyzed. Recommendations for treatment were proposed, taking into account for most efficient agents and the least toxic for the fetus. This draft was submitted to all @entity1 of the study group; criticism and suggestions were gathered. A new draft was evolved and repeatedly submitted to @entity1 until consensus was reached. SETTING: Study group set up in southwestern France, with the help of national experts. @entity1 : Forty-three general practitioners, six gynecologists and/or obstetricians, five pharmacologists, two dermatologists, and an embryologist. RESULTS: The main recommendations for treatment of @entity111 during pregnancy are to begin with topical treatment; emollient bath additives, moisturizing cream, talc. If insufficient, a systemic treatment should be added. @entity8610 are prescribed first: @entity5774 or @entity38206 is used during the first 2 months. From the third month, the same agents can be used, as can @entity40082 . The duration of treatment can be up to 10 days. The group's second choice was @entity1245 ( @entity6720 ) as second-line treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies for treatment of diseases during pregnancy are not always well defined. For many common diseases, very few data are available concerning drug use in pregnant @entity1 . The study group, based on consensus among @entity1 , proposed treatment guidelines.

title: Strategy of treatment of XXXX during pregnancy. The Drugs and Pregnancy Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity40082 :: ('MESH:C006069', 'Chemical') :: ['mequitazine']

entities_list: @entity8610 :: ('MESH:D006633', 'Chemical') :: ['Antihistamines']

entities_list: @entity5774 :: ('MESH:D006919', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyzine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity6720 :: ('MESH:D010076', 'Chemical') :: ['oxazepam']

entities_list: @entity38206 :: ('MESH:C018904', 'Chemical') :: ['dexchlorpheniramine']

answer: @entity111 :: (MESH:D011537,Disease) :: ['pruritus']


abstract: We have previously defined four @entity19 @entity1961 + peripheral T cell subsets, fractions (Fr.) I-IV, based on expression of the 6C10 and 3G11 determinants (Hayakawa, K. and Hardy, R. R., J. Exp. Med. 1988. 168: 1825). These subsets also show distinctive levels of other cell surface markers: the two minor subsets, Fr. III and Fr. IV, are both @entity8236 RBlow/-, @entity6232 (Mel-14)- and CD44hi, characteristic of secondary T cells. The patterns and levels of cytokine production by individual cells in each subset were determined by bioassay for @entity2047 / @entity58 or @entity60 production after anti- @entity5168 stimulation. Our data revealed that these four phenotypically defined subsets largely coincide with clusters of cells showing uniform distinctive cytokine profiles, i.e. @entity2047 +/ @entity60 -/ @entity58 - (Fr. I and Fr. II, @entity6232 +), @entity71211 +/ @entity58 + (Fr. III, @entity6232 -), and @entity2047 -/ @entity60 low/-/ @entity58 + (Fr. IV, @entity6232 -). Besides these subsets, an @entity6232 -negative cell subfraction within Fr. II appears to represent a transitional population between the @entity2047 +/ @entity60 -/ @entity58 - stage and the @entity71211 +/ @entity58 + stage. Taken together, these results demonstrate the presence of two @entity58 + secondary T cell subsets with distinct cytokine production patterns, and show that the majority of @entity58 + cells found in healthy adult laboratory @entity19 co-produce @entity60 , and thus are not typical T helper type 2 cells.

title: Two distinct non-T helper type 2 interleukin-4+ cell subsets in XXXX as revealed by single-cell cytokine analysis.

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'IL-4/interferon (IFN)-gamma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: A variety of agents are used as premedication for upper @entity344 (U.G.E.). To our knowledge, no double blind studies have been performed to compare their value. In this study @entity4390 (2 mg i.v.) was compared with @entity3175 (t mg i.v.) in 200 consecutive @entity1 undergoing elective U.G.E. The study was randomized and double blind in regard to both endoscopists and @entity1 . All @entity1 were given @entity3897 (0.4 mg i.v.) and a throat spray with 2% @entity6513 . @entity1 who needed supplemental medication were given @entity3175 and excluded from final analysis. A graded questionnaire was recorded by endoscopists and @entity1 after U.G.E., and a further anonymous questionnaire was returned by @entity1 four days later. Statistical analysis revealed that @entity4390 was superior at facilitating intubation and providing more relaxation as judged by the endoscopist. @entity1 questionnaires, four days after U.G.E., indicated less distress during intubation and examination with @entity4390 . @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity2730 and @entity3527 were uncommon after either @entity4390 or @entity3175 .

title: A comparison of XXXX and @entity4390 in premedication for upper @entity344 : a randomized double blind controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity4390 :: ('MESH:D010638', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoperidine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['amethocaine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['diazepam']


abstract: A variety of agents are used as premedication for upper @entity344 (U.G.E.). To our knowledge, no double blind studies have been performed to compare their value. In this study @entity4390 (2 mg i.v.) was compared with @entity3175 (t mg i.v.) in 200 consecutive @entity1 undergoing elective U.G.E. The study was randomized and double blind in regard to both endoscopists and @entity1 . All @entity1 were given @entity3897 (0.4 mg i.v.) and a throat spray with 2% @entity6513 . @entity1 who needed supplemental medication were given @entity3175 and excluded from final analysis. A graded questionnaire was recorded by endoscopists and @entity1 after U.G.E., and a further anonymous questionnaire was returned by @entity1 four days later. Statistical analysis revealed that @entity4390 was superior at facilitating intubation and providing more relaxation as judged by the endoscopist. @entity1 questionnaires, four days after U.G.E., indicated less distress during intubation and examination with @entity4390 . @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity2730 and @entity3527 were uncommon after either @entity4390 or @entity3175 .

title: A comparison of @entity3175 and @entity4390 in premedication for upper XXXX : a randomized double blind controlled study.

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']


abstract: A variety of agents are used as premedication for upper @entity344 (U.G.E.). To our knowledge, no double blind studies have been performed to compare their value. In this study @entity4390 (2 mg i.v.) was compared with @entity3175 (t mg i.v.) in 200 consecutive @entity1 undergoing elective U.G.E. The study was randomized and double blind in regard to both endoscopists and @entity1 . All @entity1 were given @entity3897 (0.4 mg i.v.) and a throat spray with 2% @entity6513 . @entity1 who needed supplemental medication were given @entity3175 and excluded from final analysis. A graded questionnaire was recorded by endoscopists and @entity1 after U.G.E., and a further anonymous questionnaire was returned by @entity1 four days later. Statistical analysis revealed that @entity4390 was superior at facilitating intubation and providing more relaxation as judged by the endoscopist. @entity1 questionnaires, four days after U.G.E., indicated less distress during intubation and examination with @entity4390 . @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity2730 and @entity3527 were uncommon after either @entity4390 or @entity3175 .

title: A comparison of @entity3175 and XXXX in premedication for upper @entity344 : a randomized double blind controlled study.

answer: @entity4390 :: (MESH:D010638,Chemical) :: ['phenoperidine']


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity1774 , a new antihypertensive agent, on blood pressure and heart rate were investigated and compared with those of @entity1338 in anaesthetized @entity95 . The i.c.v. injection of @entity1774 or @entity1338 induced a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate in doses which were ineffective by an intravenous route. The @entity308 effect of @entity1774 was less than that of @entity1338 , but the duration of this action was obviously longer than that of @entity1338 . A fall in heart rate caused by @entity1774 was always less conspicuous than that by @entity1338 in equipotent @entity101 doses. Decrease in blood pressure and heart rate caused by the two drugs were inhibited by i.c.v. pretreatment with @entity5521 and @entity2955 , respectively. These findings suggest that presynaptic and/or postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors in the brain may play an important role in the @entity551 and @entity1168 produced by @entity1774 as well as @entity1338 . Furthermore, the uptake mechanism at the presynaptic sites of central noradrenergic neurons may be involved in the mode of @entity551 and bradycardic actions of these two drugs since these effects were abolished by pretreatment with @entity5829 , an inhibitor of @entity1063 uptake into the presynaptic nerve terminals.

title: [Central @entity551 effects of XXXX in anaesthetised @entity95 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1774 :: ('MESH:D016316', 'Chemical') :: ['guanfacine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1774 :: (MESH:D016316,Chemical) :: ['guanfacine']


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity1774 , a new antihypertensive agent, on blood pressure and heart rate were investigated and compared with those of @entity1338 in anaesthetized @entity95 . The i.c.v. injection of @entity1774 or @entity1338 induced a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate in doses which were ineffective by an intravenous route. The @entity308 effect of @entity1774 was less than that of @entity1338 , but the duration of this action was obviously longer than that of @entity1338 . A fall in heart rate caused by @entity1774 was always less conspicuous than that by @entity1338 in equipotent @entity101 doses. Decrease in blood pressure and heart rate caused by the two drugs were inhibited by i.c.v. pretreatment with @entity5521 and @entity2955 , respectively. These findings suggest that presynaptic and/or postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors in the brain may play an important role in the @entity551 and @entity1168 produced by @entity1774 as well as @entity1338 . Furthermore, the uptake mechanism at the presynaptic sites of central noradrenergic neurons may be involved in the mode of @entity551 and bradycardic actions of these two drugs since these effects were abolished by pretreatment with @entity5829 , an inhibitor of @entity1063 uptake into the presynaptic nerve terminals.

title: [Central @entity551 effects of @entity1774 in anaesthetised XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity1774 , a new antihypertensive agent, on blood pressure and heart rate were investigated and compared with those of @entity1338 in anaesthetized @entity95 . The i.c.v. injection of @entity1774 or @entity1338 induced a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate in doses which were ineffective by an intravenous route. The @entity308 effect of @entity1774 was less than that of @entity1338 , but the duration of this action was obviously longer than that of @entity1338 . A fall in heart rate caused by @entity1774 was always less conspicuous than that by @entity1338 in equipotent @entity101 doses. Decrease in blood pressure and heart rate caused by the two drugs were inhibited by i.c.v. pretreatment with @entity5521 and @entity2955 , respectively. These findings suggest that presynaptic and/or postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors in the brain may play an important role in the @entity551 and @entity1168 produced by @entity1774 as well as @entity1338 . Furthermore, the uptake mechanism at the presynaptic sites of central noradrenergic neurons may be involved in the mode of @entity551 and bradycardic actions of these two drugs since these effects were abolished by pretreatment with @entity5829 , an inhibitor of @entity1063 uptake into the presynaptic nerve terminals.

title: [Central XXXX effects of @entity1774 in anaesthetised @entity95 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The percentage of working age @entity1 with mild @entity64 has risen. Evidence indicates that even mild @entity64 impact cognition, executive functioning, and daily functioning, consequently affecting participation, quality of life (QoL) and return to work (RTW). OBJECTIVES: (1) Compare cognition, participation and QoL between @entity1 3 months post-mild @entity64 who RTW and those who did not; and (2) To determine the correlates of these variables to RTW of @entity1 3 months post- @entity64 . METHODS: We visited at home 163 @entity64 survivors (117 @entity1 , 46 @entity1 ) 3 months post-mild @entity64 ranging from 50 to 89 years. @entity1 who returned to work (n   =   114) and those who did not (n   =   49). Data collection at home included measures for cognitive status (MoCA), executive functions (EFPT, @entity9170 ), @entity308 (GDS), participation (RNL), and QoL (SIS recovery). RESULTS: Significant differences were found between RTW @entity1 and those who did not RTW in measures of cognition, @entity308 , participation and QoL (t   =   2.36 to -   5.62, P   <   0.022-0.001). No difference was found on age or gender. Stepwise regression showed that significant correlates of RTW were participation (RNL), executive functions (EFPT), and QoL (SIS recovery). CONCLUSIONS: To enable RTW after mild @entity64 , participation, executive functions and QoL must be considered in planning interventions.

title: What are the correlates of cognition and participation to return to work after first ever mild XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: ACTH peptide fragments demonstrate potent neurotrophic effects on peripheral nerves in situ, central neurons in culture, and have been implicated to have effects on central neurons in vivo. @entity2359 lesioning of the nigrostriatal system, which depletes the striatum of @entity935 , provides a feasible model of central regeneration in which to test these peptides. Male @entity35 were lesioned unilaterally with @entity2955 (8 micrograms/4 microliters), infused into the substantia nigra. They were subsequently treated with 10 micrograms/kg IP of @entity14480 [ACTH/MSH(4-9) analogue] or saline every 24 h starting immediately after the infusion and were observed for 2 weeks. Rotational behavior data indicate that @entity14480 significantly decreases ipsiversive turning (p < 0.05), induced by @entity4944 (2 mg/kg), as well as accelerating the onset of denervation supersensitivity induced by @entity3826 (0.05 mg/kg). Evaluation of @entity935 immunohistochemistry, using an anti- @entity669 hydroxylase antibody, demonstrates an enhanced intensity of staining in the @entity14480 -treated tissue compared to its saline counterpart. This difference is confirmed and quantified through specific high-affinity @entity935 uptake. @entity935 uptake is about 17% higher in the striata of animals treated with @entity14480 . Higher @entity935 uptake levels in these ACTH-treated animals correlate with greater fiber density in this group. Therefore, it appears that treatment with the ACTH/MSH(4-9) analogue @entity14480 (10 micrograms/kg/24 h) offers a protective effect from @entity2955 lesions in the substantia nigra as well as accelerating various compensatory mechanisms involved in functional recovery.

title: Rapid neurotrophic actions of an ACTH/MSH(4-9) analogue after nigrostriatal XXXX lesioning.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine', 'dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['Neurotoxic']

answer: @entity2955 :: (MESH:D016627,Chemical) :: ['6-OHDA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Given the prevalence and complexity of @entity1118 , there is a need for measures of disability that (a) provide comprehensive, useful clinical information with regard to @entity1 functioning, and (b) do so as briefly as possible to minimize respondent burden. The primary objective of this study was to reduce the length of a well-known, highly detailed measure of disability, the 136-item @entity3355 ( @entity3355 ), and develop a psychometrically sound short form for use in @entity1118 ( @entity3355 for @entity1118 , @entity2723 ). METHOD: A 2-parameter logistic item response theory model was used to develop the @entity2723 in a sample of adults presenting for treatment at an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program (N = 723). Items were assessed for inclusion at the subscale level; poorly contributing items were removed sequentially, and model fit was evaluated at each step until adequate fit was achieved. Finally, linear regressions examined the variance accounted for by the @entity2723 in relation to the full-length @entity3355 in measures of @entity1 functioning. RESULTS: The @entity2723 contains 42 items that yield 7 subscale scores and 2 summary dimension scores, Physical and Psychosocial disability. Acceptable reliability and evidence of convergent and divergent validity were demonstrated for each component. The @entity2723 accounted for a similar amount of the variance in measures of @entity308 , @entity158 -related @entity148 , @entity158 acceptance, classes of prescribed analgesics, and @entity158 as the full-length @entity3355 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2723 appears to provide robust clinical information with little loss of association with other key aspects of functioning, while substantially lowering response burden. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Development of a XXXX -specific version of the @entity3355 .

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['Sickness Impact Profile', 'SIP']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain-related medical visits']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Given the prevalence and complexity of @entity1118 , there is a need for measures of disability that (a) provide comprehensive, useful clinical information with regard to @entity1 functioning, and (b) do so as briefly as possible to minimize respondent burden. The primary objective of this study was to reduce the length of a well-known, highly detailed measure of disability, the 136-item @entity3355 ( @entity3355 ), and develop a psychometrically sound short form for use in @entity1118 ( @entity3355 for @entity1118 , @entity2723 ). METHOD: A 2-parameter logistic item response theory model was used to develop the @entity2723 in a sample of adults presenting for treatment at an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program (N = 723). Items were assessed for inclusion at the subscale level; poorly contributing items were removed sequentially, and model fit was evaluated at each step until adequate fit was achieved. Finally, linear regressions examined the variance accounted for by the @entity2723 in relation to the full-length @entity3355 in measures of @entity1 functioning. RESULTS: The @entity2723 contains 42 items that yield 7 subscale scores and 2 summary dimension scores, Physical and Psychosocial disability. Acceptable reliability and evidence of convergent and divergent validity were demonstrated for each component. The @entity2723 accounted for a similar amount of the variance in measures of @entity308 , @entity158 -related @entity148 , @entity158 acceptance, classes of prescribed analgesics, and @entity158 as the full-length @entity3355 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2723 appears to provide robust clinical information with little loss of association with other key aspects of functioning, while substantially lowering response burden. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Development of a @entity1118 -specific version of the XXXX .

answer: @entity3355 :: (MESH:D014095,Disease) :: ['Sickness Impact Profile']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the last two decades, a rising incidence of @entity7145 has been observed in the Western world. The prognostic relevance of @entity5 -biological factors, such as DNA ploidy or @entity1722 overexpression, for overall survival following complete resection is still unknown. METHODS: In a retrospective study of 80 @entity1 with @entity420 of @entity355 , the prognostic significance of flow cytometric DNA ploidy determination was investigated. Overexpression of @entity1722 oncoprotein was studied by immunohistochemical alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase staining of @entity406 fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections of the @entity5 . RESULTS: The rate of @entity2007 was 86%. Aneuploidy was significantly correlated with lymph node @entity3 only. @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression of the @entity5 was detected in 15 @entity1 (19%). A significant correlation was seen between @entity1722 overexpression and depth of @entity5 invasion, lymph node involvement, distant @entity3 , and status of @entity41 after resection (R category, International Union Against Cancer [UICC], 1987). All @entity5 with @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression were aneuploid. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis for overall survival of those 62 @entity1 (78%) whose @entity5 resection was macroscopically and microscopically complete (R0-UICC), depth of invasion, distant @entity3 , and @entity1722 overexpression were independent prognostic factors. The relative risk of @entity204 due to recurrence was nearly identical for @entity1 with either @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression or distant @entity3 : 4.06 (1.4-11.8) and 3.94 (1.6-9.5). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis of the subgroup of lymph node-negative @entity1 (n = 26), the ploidy status of the @entity5 (defined as near-diploid plus tetraploid versus aneuploid plus multiploid) was the only independent prognostic factor for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that DNA ploidy as well @entity2031 - @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression are valuable prognostic factors in @entity1 with @entity420 of @entity5 resection.

title: Prognostic value of DNA ploidy and XXXX oncoprotein overexpression in @entity420 of @entity355 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', "Barrett's esophagus after complete tumor", 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7145 :: ('MESH:C562730', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['c-erbB-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the last two decades, a rising incidence of @entity7145 has been observed in the Western world. The prognostic relevance of @entity5 -biological factors, such as DNA ploidy or @entity1722 overexpression, for overall survival following complete resection is still unknown. METHODS: In a retrospective study of 80 @entity1 with @entity420 of @entity355 , the prognostic significance of flow cytometric DNA ploidy determination was investigated. Overexpression of @entity1722 oncoprotein was studied by immunohistochemical alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase staining of @entity406 fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections of the @entity5 . RESULTS: The rate of @entity2007 was 86%. Aneuploidy was significantly correlated with lymph node @entity3 only. @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression of the @entity5 was detected in 15 @entity1 (19%). A significant correlation was seen between @entity1722 overexpression and depth of @entity5 invasion, lymph node involvement, distant @entity3 , and status of @entity41 after resection (R category, International Union Against Cancer [UICC], 1987). All @entity5 with @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression were aneuploid. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis for overall survival of those 62 @entity1 (78%) whose @entity5 resection was macroscopically and microscopically complete (R0-UICC), depth of invasion, distant @entity3 , and @entity1722 overexpression were independent prognostic factors. The relative risk of @entity204 due to recurrence was nearly identical for @entity1 with either @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression or distant @entity3 : 4.06 (1.4-11.8) and 3.94 (1.6-9.5). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis of the subgroup of lymph node-negative @entity1 (n = 26), the ploidy status of the @entity5 (defined as near-diploid plus tetraploid versus aneuploid plus multiploid) was the only independent prognostic factor for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that DNA ploidy as well @entity2031 - @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression are valuable prognostic factors in @entity1 with @entity420 of @entity5 resection.

title: Prognostic value of DNA ploidy and @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression in XXXX of @entity355 .

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the last two decades, a rising incidence of @entity7145 has been observed in the Western world. The prognostic relevance of @entity5 -biological factors, such as DNA ploidy or @entity1722 overexpression, for overall survival following complete resection is still unknown. METHODS: In a retrospective study of 80 @entity1 with @entity420 of @entity355 , the prognostic significance of flow cytometric DNA ploidy determination was investigated. Overexpression of @entity1722 oncoprotein was studied by immunohistochemical alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase staining of @entity406 fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections of the @entity5 . RESULTS: The rate of @entity2007 was 86%. Aneuploidy was significantly correlated with lymph node @entity3 only. @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression of the @entity5 was detected in 15 @entity1 (19%). A significant correlation was seen between @entity1722 overexpression and depth of @entity5 invasion, lymph node involvement, distant @entity3 , and status of @entity41 after resection (R category, International Union Against Cancer [UICC], 1987). All @entity5 with @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression were aneuploid. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis for overall survival of those 62 @entity1 (78%) whose @entity5 resection was macroscopically and microscopically complete (R0-UICC), depth of invasion, distant @entity3 , and @entity1722 overexpression were independent prognostic factors. The relative risk of @entity204 due to recurrence was nearly identical for @entity1 with either @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression or distant @entity3 : 4.06 (1.4-11.8) and 3.94 (1.6-9.5). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis of the subgroup of lymph node-negative @entity1 (n = 26), the ploidy status of the @entity5 (defined as near-diploid plus tetraploid versus aneuploid plus multiploid) was the only independent prognostic factor for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that DNA ploidy as well @entity2031 - @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression are valuable prognostic factors in @entity1 with @entity420 of @entity5 resection.

title: Prognostic value of DNA ploidy and @entity1722 oncoprotein overexpression in @entity420 of XXXX .

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: X chromosome mosaicism is usually associated with abnormal sexual development and reproductive performance, such as recurrent @entity2208 , primary or secondary @entity2588 , @entity249 , and @entity11157 . However, there is a paucity of literature which discusses these relationships. From July 1988 to December 1992, a total of 105 couples with a history of recurrent @entity2208 from a genetic counseling clinic and 61 @entity1 with a history of @entity11157 followed up in reproductive endocrinology clinics were assembled, and chromosomal analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was carried out. X chromosome mosaicism was found in six individuals (2.9%) out of the 105 couples with recurrent @entity2208 , and in five (8.2%) out of 61 @entity1 with @entity11157 . The karyotypes were 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX in five cases, 45,X/46,X in four cases, and 46,XX/47,XXX in two cases. The cases of complex X chromosome mosaicism (45,X/46,XX/47,XXX) presented recurrent @entity2208 in four cases and @entity11157 in one case. The cases of mosaic @entity2689 (45,X/46,XX) presented @entity11157 in three cases and recurrent @entity2208 in one case. The two cases of mosaic triple-X syndrome (46,XX/47,XXX) presented with @entity11157 and recurrent @entity2208 , respectively. However, the ratio of mosaic cell lines does not correlate well with the phenotypic manifestations in our cases. Our preliminary data suggest that chromosomal analysis should be done routinely in every couple with recurrent @entity2208 and in @entity1 with @entity11157 . The reproductive performance of X chromosome mosaicism is highly variable and difficult to define.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: X chromosome mosaicism in @entity1 with recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ["Turner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity11157 :: (MESH:D016649,Disease) :: ['abortion or premature ovarian failure']


abstract: X chromosome mosaicism is usually associated with abnormal sexual development and reproductive performance, such as recurrent @entity2208 , primary or secondary @entity2588 , @entity249 , and @entity11157 . However, there is a paucity of literature which discusses these relationships. From July 1988 to December 1992, a total of 105 couples with a history of recurrent @entity2208 from a genetic counseling clinic and 61 @entity1 with a history of @entity11157 followed up in reproductive endocrinology clinics were assembled, and chromosomal analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was carried out. X chromosome mosaicism was found in six individuals (2.9%) out of the 105 couples with recurrent @entity2208 , and in five (8.2%) out of 61 @entity1 with @entity11157 . The karyotypes were 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX in five cases, 45,X/46,X in four cases, and 46,XX/47,XXX in two cases. The cases of complex X chromosome mosaicism (45,X/46,XX/47,XXX) presented recurrent @entity2208 in four cases and @entity11157 in one case. The cases of mosaic @entity2689 (45,X/46,XX) presented @entity11157 in three cases and recurrent @entity2208 in one case. The two cases of mosaic triple-X syndrome (46,XX/47,XXX) presented with @entity11157 and recurrent @entity2208 , respectively. However, the ratio of mosaic cell lines does not correlate well with the phenotypic manifestations in our cases. Our preliminary data suggest that chromosomal analysis should be done routinely in every couple with recurrent @entity2208 and in @entity1 with @entity11157 . The reproductive performance of X chromosome mosaicism is highly variable and difficult to define.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: X chromosome mosaicism in XXXX with recurrent @entity11157 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune @entity1651 (CR-EAE) was induced in Lewis @entity35 by inoculation with @entity840 spinal cord and adjuvants and treatment with low dose @entity205 (CsA). Acute EAE was induced by the same method without CsA treatment. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry were used to assess inflammatory cells and MHC class II (Ia) antigen expression in the central nervous system of these @entity35 . The inflammatory infiltrate was composed mainly of @entity11264 + T cells and macrophages, and alpha beta T cells constituted about 65% of the @entity11263 + T cells. After recovery from acute EAE and during the first remission of CR-EAE, the number of T cells was significantly less than in the preceding episodes. The number of T cells was higher in the second episode of CR-EAE than in the first remission. Throughout the course of CR-EAE, the majority of the @entity11263 + T cells were CD45RC-. The ratio of IL-2R+ cells to @entity11263 + cells ranged from 10.5 to 24.0%. The ratio of @entity11264 + T cells to B cells was lower in the later episodes of CR-EAE than in the first episode. Ia antigen was expressed on infiltrating round cells at all stages of CR-EAE and on microglial cells (identified by dendritic morphology) with increasing intensity throughout the course of CR-EAE. With flow cytometry, the number of Ia+ cells obtained from the spinal cord rose throughout the course of CR-EAE. The number of FSClowOX1low cells, which we consider represent microglia, also increased during the course of CR-EAE.

title: Inflammatory cells, microglia and MHC class II antigen-positive cells in the spinal cord of Lewis @entity35 with acute and chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity1651 :: (MESH:D004679,Disease) :: ['encephalomyelitis']


abstract: Chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune @entity1651 (CR-EAE) was induced in Lewis @entity35 by inoculation with @entity840 spinal cord and adjuvants and treatment with low dose @entity205 (CsA). Acute EAE was induced by the same method without CsA treatment. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry were used to assess inflammatory cells and MHC class II (Ia) antigen expression in the central nervous system of these @entity35 . The inflammatory infiltrate was composed mainly of @entity11264 + T cells and macrophages, and alpha beta T cells constituted about 65% of the @entity11263 + T cells. After recovery from acute EAE and during the first remission of CR-EAE, the number of T cells was significantly less than in the preceding episodes. The number of T cells was higher in the second episode of CR-EAE than in the first remission. Throughout the course of CR-EAE, the majority of the @entity11263 + T cells were CD45RC-. The ratio of IL-2R+ cells to @entity11263 + cells ranged from 10.5 to 24.0%. The ratio of @entity11264 + T cells to B cells was lower in the later episodes of CR-EAE than in the first episode. Ia antigen was expressed on infiltrating round cells at all stages of CR-EAE and on microglial cells (identified by dendritic morphology) with increasing intensity throughout the course of CR-EAE. With flow cytometry, the number of Ia+ cells obtained from the spinal cord rose throughout the course of CR-EAE. The number of FSClowOX1low cells, which we consider represent microglia, also increased during the course of CR-EAE.

title: Inflammatory cells, microglia and MHC class II antigen-positive cells in the spinal cord of Lewis XXXX with acute and chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune @entity1651 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: 1. In the immature @entity35 in vitro hemisected spinal cord preparation the dorsal root-evoked depolarizing potential recorded from an adjacent dorsal root DR-DRP had a mean peak amplitude (+/- s.e.mean, n = 27) of 2.9 +/- 0.2 mV and a mean latency to peak amplitude of 106 +/- 3 ms. The DR-DRP amplitude was maximal with a stimulus intensity of four times the threshold intensity required to activate the lowest threshold fibres. The peak amplitude and/or integral over a time-source of 0.5 s were used to assess the effects of applied drugs. 2. The DR-DRP was abolished by @entity1772 (mean IC50 190 +/- 46 nM, n = 7). The depressant effect of @entity1772 was reversed by @entity7233 (1 mM). The mean apparent Kd value calculated from dose-ratios was 16.7 +/- 6.4 microM (n = 3). 3. At a maximally effective concentration, @entity21819 (1 microM) produced at the most only a 14% @entity308 of the DR-DRP (n = 4). @entity1338 (0.3 microM) had an effect similar to that of @entity21819 . These depressant effects were reversed by @entity9006 (1 microM). 4. The DR-DRP was potentiated by @entity3175 in a @entity5757 (1 microM)-reversible manner. A maximal potentiation of 23.2 +/- 2.7% (n = 5) was produced by 1 microM @entity3175 . 5. @entity3175 (1 microM) induced a mean bicuculline- (10 microM, n = 2) and @entity5757 - (1 microM, n = 8) sensitive depolarization in the dorsal root of 0.25 +/- 0.03 mV (n = 8). However, @entity3175 failed to depolarize dorsal roots (n = 3) which had been excised from the spinal cord. 6. Comparison of the above effects with previously reported depressant effects of these drugs on the synaptic output from ventral roots suggests that actions on presynaptic inhibition, as reflected in the DR-DRP, are of subsidiary importance in explaining the muscle relaxant actions of @entity21819 or @entity3175 .

title: The effects of central myorelaxants on synaptically-evoked primary afferent depolarization in the immature XXXX spinal cord in vitro.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam', 'Diazepam']

entities_list: @entity21819 :: ('MESH:C023754', 'Chemical') :: ['tizanidine']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. Modified radical mastectomy is the standard surgical procedure today in most countries. 'Lesser surgery' associated with radiotherapy emerges as an alternative for @entity1 with T1N0 lesions. 2. The potential risk of occult micrometastases is best predicted by careful axillary staging and possibly by the ER status of the @entity5 . 3. Additional risk factors such as @entity5 size, @entity1 age, menopausal status, and intramammary lymphatic or vascular invasion are less well established and need clarification. 4. Previous studies showed no significant long-term benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy and at best a marginal increase of lifespan by adjuvant castration in @entity1 subjected to radical surgery. 5. Various types of adequately intensive adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in a significant increase of relapse-free survival and probably also overall survival 5-6 years after mastectomy in pre- and possibly also postmenopausal N+ @entity1 . 6. Treatment intensity (full doses) of adjuvant chemotherapy seems to be more critical than treatment duration (CMF X 6 is as good as CMF X 12). 7. Adjuvant chemotherapy with drug combinations is generally more effective than single drugs. No combination so far (if adequate doses are given) is clearly superior. 8. Whether early peri-operative onset of adjuvant chemotherapy or combinations with endocrine measures or cyclic, alternating drug regimens increase effectiveness remains to be shown. 9. Adjuvant chemotherapy in N- @entity1 , though still experimental, appears rewarding. 10. The pattern of first relapse has not been significantly altered by the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Response rate and duration with secondary treatments are consistent with common experience in metastatic disease. 11. Up to 5-6 years median observation time there is no proof that the risk of second @entity5 is increased by currently used adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. 12. More and highly critical prospective trials are needed to assess not only effectiveness, but also @entity1 tolerance (cost-benefit ratio) of adjuvant therapies in @entity0 .

title: Current status and indications for adjuvant therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasms']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: To detect and monitor endogenous @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release in the in vivo heart, we applied a dialysis technique to the hearts of anesthetized @entity468 . Dialysis probes were implanted in the left ventricular myocardium and were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing @entity2607 (10(-4) M) at 3 microliters/min. Dialysate @entity1617 concentration was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. In four @entity468 , the response to vagal stimulation was studied. Electrical stimulation of efferent vagal nerves (10 Hz) significantly increased dialysate @entity1617 concentration from 596 +/- 118 (control) to 12,210 +/- 1,661 pM. After stimulation, dialysate @entity1617 concentration significantly decreased to 382 +/- 80 pM below control. The influence of ganglionic blocker was determined in six @entity468 . Control vagal nerve stimulation (10 Hz) increased dialysate @entity1617 concentration from 582 +/- 136 to 9,102 +/- 754 pM. Local perfusion of @entity4033 (10(-4) M) did not affect this nerve stimulation-induced @entity1617 increase (8,611 +/- 1,189 pM), and intravenous administration of @entity4033 (20 mg/kg) prevented this increase (340 +/- 88 pM). We examined the response to vagal nerve stimulation at different frequencies in three @entity468 . Vagal nerve stimulation increased dialysate @entity1617 concentration from a control of 588 +/- 211 to 1,227 +/- 195 pM at 2 Hz, 3,946 +/- 1,059 pM at 5 Hz, and 9,366 +/- 1,873 pM at 10 Hz. Dialysate @entity1617 concentration reflects @entity1617 release from postganglionic vagal nerves innervating the left ventricular myocardium; the dialysis technique permits estimation of relative changes in efferent cardiac vagal nerve activity.

title: In vivo detection of endogenous XXXX release in cat ventricles.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: In vitro, @entity15835 ( @entity15835 ) are capable of efficient antibody-mediated phagocytosis of @entity1 nucleated @entity5 cells. These @entity15835 express on their cell surface all three classes of Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma R). Fc gamma R specificity for murine antibody isotype allowed us to examine the phagocytic role of Fc gamma RII on control and gamma-interferon ( @entity379 )-primed @entity15835 . Monoclonal antibody 520C9 (IgG1) mediates phagocytosis through Fc gamma RII. This monoclonal antibody is directed against the @entity1722 protooncogene product overexpressed on a variety of @entity420 including the @entity0 cell line SK-BR-3. Our results showed that @entity379 treatment of differentiated @entity15835 (days 8-12 in culture) inhibited Fc gamma RII-mediated phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner with negative effects noted at doses as low as 0.1 units/ml. The percentage reduction in antibody-mediated phagocytosis observed following @entity379 priming (40 units/ml for 18 h) ranged from 23-89% of control. The inhibitory effect was evident when exposure to @entity379 was transient. Fc gamma RII expression was not altered by @entity379 treatment. In our model, @entity379 did not up-regulate or down-regulate @entity1722 protein expression on our targets or affect the level of @entity5750 antigen expression on our @entity15835 . Although @entity379 is a potent activator of monocytes/macrophages and can enhance certain tumoricidal mechanisms, our data show that antibody-dependent phagocytosis through the type II Fc receptor is inhibited by @entity379 priming. Nonspecific phagocytosis was not affected.

title: Gamma-interferon inhibits Fc receptor II-mediated phagocytosis of XXXX cells by @entity1 macrophages.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity15835 :: ('MESH:D055501', 'Disease') :: ['monocyte-derived macrophages', 'MDM']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: In vitro, @entity15835 ( @entity15835 ) are capable of efficient antibody-mediated phagocytosis of @entity1 nucleated @entity5 cells. These @entity15835 express on their cell surface all three classes of Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma R). Fc gamma R specificity for murine antibody isotype allowed us to examine the phagocytic role of Fc gamma RII on control and gamma-interferon ( @entity379 )-primed @entity15835 . Monoclonal antibody 520C9 (IgG1) mediates phagocytosis through Fc gamma RII. This monoclonal antibody is directed against the @entity1722 protooncogene product overexpressed on a variety of @entity420 including the @entity0 cell line SK-BR-3. Our results showed that @entity379 treatment of differentiated @entity15835 (days 8-12 in culture) inhibited Fc gamma RII-mediated phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner with negative effects noted at doses as low as 0.1 units/ml. The percentage reduction in antibody-mediated phagocytosis observed following @entity379 priming (40 units/ml for 18 h) ranged from 23-89% of control. The inhibitory effect was evident when exposure to @entity379 was transient. Fc gamma RII expression was not altered by @entity379 treatment. In our model, @entity379 did not up-regulate or down-regulate @entity1722 protein expression on our targets or affect the level of @entity5750 antigen expression on our @entity15835 . Although @entity379 is a potent activator of monocytes/macrophages and can enhance certain tumoricidal mechanisms, our data show that antibody-dependent phagocytosis through the type II Fc receptor is inhibited by @entity379 priming. Nonspecific phagocytosis was not affected.

title: Gamma-interferon inhibits Fc receptor II-mediated phagocytosis of @entity5 cells by XXXX macrophages.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Using quantitative T2* 7-tesla (7T) MRI as a marker of @entity17 and @entity68 loss, we investigated, in @entity1 with @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) and secondary progressive @entity15 (SPMS), spatial and tissue intrinsic characteristics of @entity75 (s) (CL) types, and structural integrity of perilesional normal-appearing cortical gray matter (NACGM) as a function of distance from lesions. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity15 (18 @entity3780 , 11 SPMS), showing at least 2 CL, underwent 7T T2* imaging to obtain (1) magnitude images for segmenting focal @entity75 (s) (ICL) and @entity75 (s) (LCL), and (2) cortical T2* maps. Anatomical scans were collected at 3T for cortical surface reconstruction using FreeSurfer. Seventeen age-matched healthy @entity1 served as controls. RESULTS: ICL were predominantly located in sulci of frontal, parietal, and cingulate cortex; LCL distribution was more random. In @entity15 , T2* was higher in both ICL and LCL, indicating myelin and @entity68 loss, than in NACGM (p < 0.00003) irrespective of CL subtype and @entity15 phenotype. T2* was increased in perilesional cortex, tapering away from CL toward NACGM, the wider changes being for LCL in SPMS. NACGM T2* was higher in SPMS relative to @entity3780 (p = 0.006) and healthy cortex (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: CL had the same degree of @entity17 and @entity68 loss regardless of lesion subtype and disease stage. @entity16 expanded beyond visible CL, close to lesions in @entity3780 , and more diffusely in SPMS. Evaluation of NACGM integrity, beyond focal CL, could represent a surrogate marker of @entity15 progression.

title: Beyond focal @entity75 in XXXX : An in vivo quantitative and spatial imaging study at 7T.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['leukocortical lesion', 'cortical lesion', 'intracortical lesion']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Cortical damage']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Using quantitative T2* 7-tesla (7T) MRI as a marker of @entity17 and @entity68 loss, we investigated, in @entity1 with @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) and secondary progressive @entity15 (SPMS), spatial and tissue intrinsic characteristics of @entity75 (s) (CL) types, and structural integrity of perilesional normal-appearing cortical gray matter (NACGM) as a function of distance from lesions. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity15 (18 @entity3780 , 11 SPMS), showing at least 2 CL, underwent 7T T2* imaging to obtain (1) magnitude images for segmenting focal @entity75 (s) (ICL) and @entity75 (s) (LCL), and (2) cortical T2* maps. Anatomical scans were collected at 3T for cortical surface reconstruction using FreeSurfer. Seventeen age-matched healthy @entity1 served as controls. RESULTS: ICL were predominantly located in sulci of frontal, parietal, and cingulate cortex; LCL distribution was more random. In @entity15 , T2* was higher in both ICL and LCL, indicating myelin and @entity68 loss, than in NACGM (p < 0.00003) irrespective of CL subtype and @entity15 phenotype. T2* was increased in perilesional cortex, tapering away from CL toward NACGM, the wider changes being for LCL in SPMS. NACGM T2* was higher in SPMS relative to @entity3780 (p = 0.006) and healthy cortex (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: CL had the same degree of @entity17 and @entity68 loss regardless of lesion subtype and disease stage. @entity16 expanded beyond visible CL, close to lesions in @entity3780 , and more diffusely in SPMS. Evaluation of NACGM integrity, beyond focal CL, could represent a surrogate marker of @entity15 progression.

title: Beyond focal XXXX in @entity15 : An in vivo quantitative and spatial imaging study at 7T.

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cortical lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence of the association between eating frequency (EF) and @entity1386 is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: With the use of data from the NHANES 2003-2012, this cross-sectional study examined the associations between EF, @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ), and snack frequency (SF) and overweight/ @entity28 and @entity1144 . METHODS: Dietary intake was assessed with the use of two 24-h dietary recalls in 18,696 US adults >= 20 y of age. All eating occasions providing >= 50 kcal of energy were divided into meals or snacks on the basis of contribution to energy intake (>= 15% or <15%), self-report, and time (0600-1000, 1200-1500, 1800-2100, or other). Multivariable logistic regression was used to compute ORs and 95% CIs. RESULTS: When analyzed without adjustment for the ratio of energy intake to estimated energy requirement (EI:EER), all measures of EF, @entity2198 , and SF showed inverse or null associations. After adjustment for EI:EER, however, EF was positively associated with overweight/ @entity28 (body mass index >= 25 kg/m(2)) and @entity1144 (waist circumference >= 102 cm in @entity1 and >= 88 cm in @entity1 ). Compared with the lowest category ( <=3 times/d), the OR (95% CI) for overweight/ @entity28 in the highest category (>= 5 times/d) was 1.54 (1.23, 1.93) in @entity1 (P-trend = 0.003) and 1.45 (1.17, 1.81) in @entity1 (P-trend = 0.001). The corresponding value for @entity1144 was 1.42 (1.15, 1.75) in @entity1 (P-trend = 0.002) and 1.29 (1.05, 1.59) in @entity1 (P-trend = 0.03). The self-report-based @entity2198 and time-based @entity2198 were positively associated with overweight/ @entity28 , @entity1144 , or both, although @entity2198 based on energy contribution showed no associations. There were positive associations for all SF measures in @entity1 and for the energy-contribution-based SF in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study suggests that higher EF, @entity2198 , and SF are associated with increased likelihood of overweight/ @entity28 and @entity1144 in US adults. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the associations observed here.

title: Eating Frequency Is Positively Associated with Overweight and XXXX in US Adults.

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'meal frequency']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['Central Obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1812 (BK) and des-Arg9-BK are pro-inflammatory mediators acting via B2 ( @entity24934 ) and @entity25580 ) receptors, respectively. We investigated the role of @entity24934 and @entity25580 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced @entity774 activation in SD @entity35 . LPS given intraperitoneally (ip) up-regulated @entity25580 mRNA in the hypothalamus, both @entity25580 and @entity24934 were up-regulated in pituitary and adrenal glands. Receptor localization was performed using immunofluorescence staining. @entity25580 was localized in the endothelial cells, nucleus supraopticus ( @entity4525 ), adenohypophysis and adrenal cortex. @entity24934 was localized nucleus paraventricularis (PVN) and @entity4525 , @entity774 . Blockade of @entity25580 prior to LPS further increased ACTH release and blockade of @entity25580 1 h after LPS decreased its release. In addition, we evaluated if blockade of central kinin receptors influence the LPS-induced stimulation of hypothalamic neurons. Blockade of both @entity25580 and @entity24934 reduced the LPS-induced @entity5019 immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus. Our data demonstrate that a single injection of LPS induced a differential expression pattern of kinin @entity25580 and @entity24934 in the @entity774 . The tissue specific cellular localization of these receptors indicates that they may play a crucial role in the maintenance of body homeostasis during @entity5694 .

title: Acute hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis response to LPS-induced XXXX : expression pattern of kinin type B1 and B2 receptors.

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['Bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis', 'pituitary and adrenal medulla']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are chronic @entity5 thought to arise at the level of @entity2280 + hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. They include @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ), @entity6582 vera (PV) and @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ). All can progress to @entity3052 , but @entity4018 carries the worst prognosis. Increasing evidences indicate that deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) might plays an important role in @entity1583 , including @entity5 . To attain deeper knowledge of short RNAs (sRNAs) expression pattern in @entity2280 + cells and of their possible role in mediating post-transcriptional regulation in @entity4018 , we sequenced with Illumina HiSeq2000 technology @entity2280 + cells from healthy subjects and @entity4018 @entity1 . We detected the expression of 784 known miRNAs, with a prevalence of miRNA up-regulation in @entity4018 samples, and discovered 34 new miRNAs and 99 new miRNA-offset RNAs (moRNAs), in @entity2280 + cells. Thirty-seven small RNAs were differentially expressed in @entity4018 @entity1 compared with healthy subjects, according to microRNA sequencing data. Five miRNAs (miR-10b-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-379-5p, and @entity32313 ) were deregulated also in @entity4018 granulocytes. Moreover, 3'-moR-128-2 resulted consistently downregulated in @entity4018 according to RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data both in @entity2280 + cells and granulocytes. Target predictions of these validated small RNAs de-regulated in @entity4018 and functional enrichment analyses highlighted many interesting pathways involved in @entity5 development and progression, such as signaling by FGFR and @entity9656 and Oncogene Induced Senescence. As a whole, data obtained in this study deepened the knowledge of miRNAs and moRNAs altered expression in @entity4018 @entity2280 + cells and allowed to identify and validate a specific small RNA profile that distinguishes @entity4018 granulocytes from those of normal subjects. We thus provided new information regarding the possible role of miRNAs and, specifically, of new moRNAs in this disease.

title: Small RNA Sequencing Uncovers New miRNAs and moRNAs Differentially Expressed in Normal and Primary Myelofibrosis XXXX + Cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'myeloid cancers', 'Myeloproliferative neoplasms', 'MPN']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['ET', 'essential thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['primary myelofibrosis', 'PMF']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']