abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the time-dependence of @entity1487 (5FU)-induced @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ) inhibition in @entity694 @entity1 , the effect of @entity4181 (LV), and the relation to response. @entity1 AND METHODS: A 5FU injection (500 mg/m2) was given to 47 @entity1 with advanced @entity14 ; @entity5 biopsy specimens were obtained 1 to 72 hours after laparotomy. Eleven @entity1 received LV (2-hour infusion of 500 mg/m2) with 5FU midinfusion; biopsies were obtained after 45 hours. @entity1382 inhibition was evaluated by comparing the number of total and free @entity21726 ( @entity22572 ) ( @entity21726 ) binding sites and the total and residual catalytic activity of @entity1382 . RESULTS: The total catalytic @entity1382 activity varied from 0 to 621 pmol/h/mg protein and the total number of @entity21726 binding sites varied from 0 to 976 fmol/mg protein. The residual catalytic @entity1382 activity after 2, 23, and 45 hours was 41%, 65%, and 74% of the total catalytic activity; the number of free @entity21726 binding sites was 12%, 27%, and 49% of the total number, respectively. LV enhanced @entity1382 inhibition after 45 hours; the residual catalytic activity decreased from 74% to 49%, and the number of free @entity21726 binding sites from 49% to 24%. Eleven of 19 @entity1 treated with hepatic arterial infusion of 5FU had a partial response (PR). In the nonresponding @entity1 , total @entity1382 activity was significantly higher (P < .05) than in responding @entity1 . A high @entity1382 activity with a poor inhibition correlated with no response. CONCLUSION: Residual and total @entity1382 activity are predictive for response to 5FU. The findings may be applicable for treatment of @entity1 with @entity1442 and @entity1382 should be evaluated as a prognostic factor in adjuvant chemotherapy studies.

title: Thymidylate synthase inhibition after administration of @entity1487 with or without @entity4181 in @entity694 @entity1 : implications for treatment with XXXX .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the time-dependence of @entity1487 (5FU)-induced @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ) inhibition in @entity694 @entity1 , the effect of @entity4181 (LV), and the relation to response. @entity1 AND METHODS: A 5FU injection (500 mg/m2) was given to 47 @entity1 with advanced @entity14 ; @entity5 biopsy specimens were obtained 1 to 72 hours after laparotomy. Eleven @entity1 received LV (2-hour infusion of 500 mg/m2) with 5FU midinfusion; biopsies were obtained after 45 hours. @entity1382 inhibition was evaluated by comparing the number of total and free @entity21726 ( @entity22572 ) ( @entity21726 ) binding sites and the total and residual catalytic activity of @entity1382 . RESULTS: The total catalytic @entity1382 activity varied from 0 to 621 pmol/h/mg protein and the total number of @entity21726 binding sites varied from 0 to 976 fmol/mg protein. The residual catalytic @entity1382 activity after 2, 23, and 45 hours was 41%, 65%, and 74% of the total catalytic activity; the number of free @entity21726 binding sites was 12%, 27%, and 49% of the total number, respectively. LV enhanced @entity1382 inhibition after 45 hours; the residual catalytic activity decreased from 74% to 49%, and the number of free @entity21726 binding sites from 49% to 24%. Eleven of 19 @entity1 treated with hepatic arterial infusion of 5FU had a partial response (PR). In the nonresponding @entity1 , total @entity1382 activity was significantly higher (P < .05) than in responding @entity1 . A high @entity1382 activity with a poor inhibition correlated with no response. CONCLUSION: Residual and total @entity1382 activity are predictive for response to 5FU. The findings may be applicable for treatment of @entity1 with @entity1442 and @entity1382 should be evaluated as a prognostic factor in adjuvant chemotherapy studies.

title: Thymidylate synthase inhibition after administration of @entity1487 with or without @entity4181 in @entity694 XXXX : implications for treatment with @entity1487 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1382 :: ('MESH:D020159', 'Disease') :: ['thymidylate synthase', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity21726 :: ('MESH:D005468', 'Chemical') :: ['FdUMP', "5-fluoro-2'-deoxy-uridine-5'- monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: A national cooperative group trial was conducted in @entity1 with early-stage cutaneous @entity320 to determine if oral @entity904 can increase disease-free survival or survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two hundred forty-eight @entity1 with completely resected @entity320 of @entity121 greater than 0.75 mm and clinically negative lymph nodes were randomized to oral @entity904 (100,000 IU/d) for 18 months or to observation. @entity1 were stratified by @entity121 of @entity75 (0.76 to 1.50 mm, 1.51 to 3.00 mm, or > 3.00 mm), sex, and type of therapy (excision, excision plus node dissection, excision plus perfusion, or excision plus both). The median duration of follow-up observation of living @entity1 is greater than 8 years. The relative risk (RR) in disease-free survival and overall survival in the treatment compared with the observation group was calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Overall, there was no difference in disease-free survival or overall survival between the two groups. Examination of treatment by stratification interactions and subset analysis did not show any treatment-effect differences based on sex or type of therapy. There was also no difference between groups in disease-free survival based on @entity121 of the @entity75 . Overall, 12% of @entity1 who received @entity904 experienced grade 3 or 4 @entity137 . CONCLUSION: Based on the lack of overall survival benefit, further evaluation of @entity904 as adjuvant therapy for @entity320 does not appear warranted.

title: Randomized trial of @entity904 versus observation as adjuvant therapy in high-risk primary XXXX : a Southwest Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ["Breslow's thickness"]

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: A national cooperative group trial was conducted in @entity1 with early-stage cutaneous @entity320 to determine if oral @entity904 can increase disease-free survival or survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two hundred forty-eight @entity1 with completely resected @entity320 of @entity121 greater than 0.75 mm and clinically negative lymph nodes were randomized to oral @entity904 (100,000 IU/d) for 18 months or to observation. @entity1 were stratified by @entity121 of @entity75 (0.76 to 1.50 mm, 1.51 to 3.00 mm, or > 3.00 mm), sex, and type of therapy (excision, excision plus node dissection, excision plus perfusion, or excision plus both). The median duration of follow-up observation of living @entity1 is greater than 8 years. The relative risk (RR) in disease-free survival and overall survival in the treatment compared with the observation group was calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Overall, there was no difference in disease-free survival or overall survival between the two groups. Examination of treatment by stratification interactions and subset analysis did not show any treatment-effect differences based on sex or type of therapy. There was also no difference between groups in disease-free survival based on @entity121 of the @entity75 . Overall, 12% of @entity1 who received @entity904 experienced grade 3 or 4 @entity137 . CONCLUSION: Based on the lack of overall survival benefit, further evaluation of @entity904 as adjuvant therapy for @entity320 does not appear warranted.

title: Randomized trial of XXXX versus observation as adjuvant therapy in high-risk primary @entity320 : a Southwest Oncology Group study.

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['vitamin A']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the prognostic value of cell proliferation rate in @entity1893 , study its association with histologic classification, and investigate whether its predictive value is influenced by the type of treatment given. @entity1 AND METHODS: The S-phase fraction ( @entity10359 ) size was determined by DNA flow cytometry from paraffin-embedded tissue obtained at diagnosis from 490 @entity1 with @entity1893 , diagnosed in a defined geographic area from 1970 to 1991. Clinical data were collected from hospital records and the files of the Finnish @entity5 Registry. RESULTS: @entity10359 size correlated well with histologic grading performed either according to the Working Formulation or Kiel classification (P < .0001 for both). The mean SPFs of low-, intermediate-, and high-grade @entity706 were 4.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2% to 5.5%), 10.3% (95% CI, 9.3% to 11.4%), and 15.5% (95% CI, 14.0% to 16.9%), respectively. Lymphomas with an @entity10359 lower than the median (7.9%) had a 58% 5-year and 44% 15-year survival rate, whereas those with an @entity10359 larger than the median had a 44% 5-year and 40% 15-year survival rate (P < .0001). @entity10359 size was not significantly associated with prognosis in some subgroups, such as among @entity1 treated primarily with @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 ( @entity3726 ) (n = 114) or @entity786 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 ( @entity9107 ) (n = 124) with or without radiotherapy (P > .05), whereas a stronger association was found among @entity1 with stage I or @entity706 treated with radiotherapy only (n = 100; P = .003) and among @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity706 who did not receive chemotherapy (n = 44; P < .0001). In multivariate analyses that included the factors used to construct the International Prognostic Index, @entity10359 had independent prognostic value both in low-grade and intermediate- or high-grade @entity706 , but not in the subset of @entity1 treated with combination chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Cell proliferation rate measured as @entity10359 is closely associated with histologic grading in @entity1893 , and it has independent prognostic value. The treatment given influences considerably the prognostic value of @entity10359 .

title: Effect of treatment on the prognostic value of S-phase fraction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphomas', 'II lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is used to assess appropriate management of nodular @entity1374 safely, but Bethesda category III (atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance) and category IV ( @entity5 /suspicious for @entity5 ) lesions are problematic. This study aimed to evaluate the Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) results for lesions in those categories. METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 with thyroid FNA and GEC results were obtained from archived material. Results were compared to thyroidectomy histologic diagnoses. RESULTS: Among 66 @entity1 with FNA results (47 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 aged 26-89 years [mean, 59.4 years]), surgical reports were available for 38. Afirma GEC results were "nondiagnostic" for 10 of 66 (15.2%), "benign" for 22 (33.3%), and "suspicious" for 34 (51.5%). Surgical diagnosis was available for 38 of 66 @entity1 (57.6%); GEC results for 6 (15.8%) of these were "nondiagnostic," 27 (71.0%) were "suspicious," and 5 (13.2%) were "benign." One of 6 (16.7%) samples with "nondiagnostic" results, 1 of 5 (20%) with "benign" results, and 15 of 27 (55.6%) with "suspicious" results were malignant on histology. @entity1377 was the most common @entity5 type (15 of 38; 39.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Afirma GEC results minimize the number of unnecessary operations. Afirma GEC testing may be reserved for FNAs with a category III diagnosis on follow-up cytologic examination. We recommend a conservative approach for "suspicious" Afirma GEC results if H  rthle cells are seen with FNA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Afirma GEC and XXXX : An institutional experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'follicular neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid lesions']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid lesions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MiRNAs play crucial roles in many aspects of plant development and the response to the environment. The @entity71226 family has been shown to participate in the control of flowering time and the response to abiotic stress. This family regulates the expression of @entity30387 ( @entity30387 )-like transcription factors in @entity958 . In the present study, @entity1460 ( @entity1460 .) @entity71227 , a member of the @entity71226 family, and its target gene were investigated for abiotic stress responses in transgenic @entity958 . gma- @entity71227 was induced by @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) treatments and abiotic stresses, including salt and water deficit. 5'-RACE (5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends) assays indicated that @entity71226 c directed Glyma01g39520 mRNA cleavage in @entity1460 . Overexpression of gma- @entity71227 in @entity958 resulted in reduced leaf water loss and increased survival rate under stress conditions. Meanwhile, the root length, germination rate, and cotyledon greening of transgenic plants were improved during both high salt and water deficit conditions. In addition, transgenic plants exhibited @entity56 to @entity2272 during both the seed germination and post-germination seedling growth stages. Stress-related physiological indicators and the expression of stress/ @entity2272 -responsive genes were affected by abiotic treatments. The overexpression of gma- @entity71227 in @entity958 promoted earlier flowering compared with the wild type through modulation of the expression of flowering genes, such as FT and LFY during long days, especially under drought conditions. Glyma01g39520 weakened @entity2272 sensitivity and reduced the tolerance to drought stress in the snz mutant of @entity958 by reducing the expression of @entity13125 and @entity13126 . Overall, the present results demonstrate that gma- @entity71227 confers water deficit and salt tolerance but increased @entity2272 sensitivity by regulating Glyma01g39520, which also accelerates flowering under abiotic stresses.

title: Overexpression of XXXX miR172c confers water deficit and salt tolerance but @entity2272 sensitivity in transgenic @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean', 'Glycine max L. Merr', 'soybeans']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MiRNAs play crucial roles in many aspects of plant development and the response to the environment. The @entity71226 family has been shown to participate in the control of flowering time and the response to abiotic stress. This family regulates the expression of @entity30387 ( @entity30387 )-like transcription factors in @entity958 . In the present study, @entity1460 ( @entity1460 .) @entity71227 , a member of the @entity71226 family, and its target gene were investigated for abiotic stress responses in transgenic @entity958 . gma- @entity71227 was induced by @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) treatments and abiotic stresses, including salt and water deficit. 5'-RACE (5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends) assays indicated that @entity71226 c directed Glyma01g39520 mRNA cleavage in @entity1460 . Overexpression of gma- @entity71227 in @entity958 resulted in reduced leaf water loss and increased survival rate under stress conditions. Meanwhile, the root length, germination rate, and cotyledon greening of transgenic plants were improved during both high salt and water deficit conditions. In addition, transgenic plants exhibited @entity56 to @entity2272 during both the seed germination and post-germination seedling growth stages. Stress-related physiological indicators and the expression of stress/ @entity2272 -responsive genes were affected by abiotic treatments. The overexpression of gma- @entity71227 in @entity958 promoted earlier flowering compared with the wild type through modulation of the expression of flowering genes, such as FT and LFY during long days, especially under drought conditions. Glyma01g39520 weakened @entity2272 sensitivity and reduced the tolerance to drought stress in the snz mutant of @entity958 by reducing the expression of @entity13125 and @entity13126 . Overall, the present results demonstrate that gma- @entity71227 confers water deficit and salt tolerance but increased @entity2272 sensitivity by regulating Glyma01g39520, which also accelerates flowering under abiotic stresses.

title: Overexpression of @entity1460 miR172c confers water deficit and salt tolerance but XXXX sensitivity in transgenic @entity958 .

answer: @entity2272 :: (CHEBI:2365,Chemical) :: ['ABA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MiRNAs play crucial roles in many aspects of plant development and the response to the environment. The @entity71226 family has been shown to participate in the control of flowering time and the response to abiotic stress. This family regulates the expression of @entity30387 ( @entity30387 )-like transcription factors in @entity958 . In the present study, @entity1460 ( @entity1460 .) @entity71227 , a member of the @entity71226 family, and its target gene were investigated for abiotic stress responses in transgenic @entity958 . gma- @entity71227 was induced by @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) treatments and abiotic stresses, including salt and water deficit. 5'-RACE (5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends) assays indicated that @entity71226 c directed Glyma01g39520 mRNA cleavage in @entity1460 . Overexpression of gma- @entity71227 in @entity958 resulted in reduced leaf water loss and increased survival rate under stress conditions. Meanwhile, the root length, germination rate, and cotyledon greening of transgenic plants were improved during both high salt and water deficit conditions. In addition, transgenic plants exhibited @entity56 to @entity2272 during both the seed germination and post-germination seedling growth stages. Stress-related physiological indicators and the expression of stress/ @entity2272 -responsive genes were affected by abiotic treatments. The overexpression of gma- @entity71227 in @entity958 promoted earlier flowering compared with the wild type through modulation of the expression of flowering genes, such as FT and LFY during long days, especially under drought conditions. Glyma01g39520 weakened @entity2272 sensitivity and reduced the tolerance to drought stress in the snz mutant of @entity958 by reducing the expression of @entity13125 and @entity13126 . Overall, the present results demonstrate that gma- @entity71227 confers water deficit and salt tolerance but increased @entity2272 sensitivity by regulating Glyma01g39520, which also accelerates flowering under abiotic stresses.

title: Overexpression of @entity1460 miR172c confers water deficit and salt tolerance but @entity2272 sensitivity in transgenic XXXX .

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: Objective We examined the prevalence and clinical features of primary exercise @entity10 (PEH) in middle-aged Japanese population. Methods A @entity10 specialist interviewed middle-aged subjects serially on health check-up. The @entity10 were diagnosed according to the International Classification of @entity2794 (ICHD-III beta). @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk and radiological findings were analyzed. Prevalence of PEH and clinical features were assessed. Results Among 2,546 subjects (1,588 @entity1 and 958 @entity1 ), thirty subjects (13 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 ) were diagnosed with PEH. The prevalence of PEH was 1.19%, 0.82% in @entity1 and 1.77% in @entity1 . The mean age [standard deviation (SD)] of the subjects was 44.3 (8.8) years and their mean duration (SD) of PEH was 4.5 (7.0) months. @entity10 occurred bilaterally (23 @entity1 ) or unilaterally (7 @entity1 ), and in the occipital (16 @entity1 ), frontal (10 @entity1 ) or diffuse region (4 @entity1 ). The persistent @entity10 time ranged from 5 minutes to 12 hours. The degree of @entity10 severity was classified as mild (13 @entity1 ), moderate (5 @entity1 ) or severe degree (12 @entity1 ). PEH was triggered by gym training (16 @entity1 ), swimming (6 @entity1 ), running (6 @entity1 ) and skiing (2 @entity1 ). All @entity1 were exercise beginners or played a sport occasionally. No @entity1 visited physicians for @entity10 consultation. Other @entity10 coexisted in 20 @entity1 (67%). Twenty @entity1 had @entity5330 (MO). Seven @entity1 had @entity10 associated with sexual activity. Five @entity1 had @entity12967 . Two @entity1 had @entity65 risk factors. Conclusion The present study of PEH indicated the prevalence of 1.2% and the female/male ratio of 2.1 in middle-aged Japanese. The comorbidity rate of MO was high. PEH may not be an uncommon @entity10 in middle-aged MO sufferers and sport beginners.

title: Prevalence and Clinical Hallmarks of Primary Exercise XXXX in Middle-aged Japanese on Health Check-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity12967 :: ('MESH:D051270', 'Disease') :: ['cough headache']

entities_list: @entity5330 :: ('MESH:D020326', 'Disease') :: ['migraine without aura']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Headache Disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['primary headaches', 'headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['Headache']


abstract: The effect of casein phosphopeptides (CPP) on bone metabolism was studied in the ectopic bone induced by the implantation of decalcified bone matrix in @entity35 . Forty-two @entity35 male @entity35 of 7 weeks old were fed low @entity460 diets (0.39% of @entity460 ) with or without supplying 0.50% of CPP, or a control diet (0.91% of @entity460 ) without CPP supplementation. After a 1-week preliminary period, each @entity35 was subcutaneously implanted with 30 mg of demineralized bone matrix powder. Fourteen and 21 days after the implantation, the implants were harvested from 7 @entity35 of each group. @entity460 content in the graft was not significantly different among all groups on day 14. Subsequently, the content of @entity460 rapidly increased in the grafts irrespective of diets given. However, the graft of the CPP- group contained less @entity460 than the other groups and the @entity460 content was more in the control @entity35 compared to the CPP+ animals on day 21. Alkaline phosphatase activity (an index of bone and cartilage @entity730 ) was lower in the control group than in the CPP+ group on day 14. The enzyme activity subsequently decreased in the control group but the activity was not changed in the other groups. As a result, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was lower in the control animals than in the other @entity35 on day 21. Tartrate-resistant cap phosphatase activity (an index of bone resorption) was higher in the CPP--group compared to the control on day 14. On day 21, the activity was higher in the CPP--group compared to the others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The influences of casein phosphopeptides on metabolism of ectopic bone induced by decalcified bone matrix implantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6288 is a decrease in both muscle mass and strength. It remains unclear whether @entity6288 is associated with morbidity after @entity356 surgery. This study evaluated the impact of @entity6288 on the morbidity of @entity356 surgery. METHODS: A total of 293 @entity356 @entity1 who underwent curative surgery between May 2011 and June 2013 were retrospectively examined. @entity1 with performance status 3 or 4 were excluded. Preoperative lean body mass (LBM) was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis and expressed as LBM index. Preoperative muscle function was measured by hand grip strength (HGS). The cutoff values were the gender-specific lowest 20  %. Grade 2 or higher morbidities, as retrospectively evaluated by the Clavien-Dindo classification, were obtained from the @entity1 record. The risk factors for morbidity were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Morbidity was observed in 39 @entity1 (13.3  %), including 7 with pancreatic leakage, 12 with @entity834 , and 4 with intraabdominal abscesses, but no mortality was observed. The univariate analysis showed that male gender, total gastrectomy, splenectomy, and a low HGS were significant risk factors for morbidity. A low LBM was not a significant risk factor. A low HGS, male gender, and total gastrectomy remained significant in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: A low hand grip strength was a significant risk factor for morbidity after @entity356 surgery. The importance of the hand grip strength as a risk factor should be examined in future prospective studies.

title: Impact of preoperative hand grip strength on morbidity following XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia', 'sarcopenia']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The electrophysiological basis of the treatment of @entity71 "refractory" @entity943 with rate - programmable pacemakers, stems from the pacing-inducted electrophysiological modifications with higher and time programmable threshold rates being obtainable to suppress the @entity943 . Furthermore antiarrhythmic agents, that must be generally associated, are more safely employed. This is a new application in clinical arrhythmology of a particular type of permanent pacemaker whose classic indications are well known. The Authors report their experience relative to 16 selected @entity1 affected by severe @entity13675 . Three types of pacemakers were employed: Omnis Stanicor Cordis; Microlith C.P.I.; and Byrel A-V Sequential, Medtronic. The results, in term of the suppression of the @entity943 , were encouraging. The most striking problem is to match the "rate threshold" for the suppression of the @entity943 with the @entity1 's hemodynamic tolerance: not infrequently in fact the programmed rates are poorly tolerated by the @entity1 either because of @entity712 or due to @entity301 . These @entity1 need frequent adjustment of the stimulation rate. The availability of rate programmable pacemakers with steps of one beat per minute, of A-V sequential stimulation and, when feasible of atrial stimulation, undoubtedly plays an important role in clinical arrhythmology.

title: [The use of pace-makers with programmable frequency in the control of XXXX ventricular "refractory" @entity943 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopathies']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinetic']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['hyperkinetic']


abstract: The electrophysiological basis of the treatment of @entity71 "refractory" @entity943 with rate - programmable pacemakers, stems from the pacing-inducted electrophysiological modifications with higher and time programmable threshold rates being obtainable to suppress the @entity943 . Furthermore antiarrhythmic agents, that must be generally associated, are more safely employed. This is a new application in clinical arrhythmology of a particular type of permanent pacemaker whose classic indications are well known. The Authors report their experience relative to 16 selected @entity1 affected by severe @entity13675 . Three types of pacemakers were employed: Omnis Stanicor Cordis; Microlith C.P.I.; and Byrel A-V Sequential, Medtronic. The results, in term of the suppression of the @entity943 , were encouraging. The most striking problem is to match the "rate threshold" for the suppression of the @entity943 with the @entity1 's hemodynamic tolerance: not infrequently in fact the programmed rates are poorly tolerated by the @entity1 either because of @entity712 or due to @entity301 . These @entity1 need frequent adjustment of the stimulation rate. The availability of rate programmable pacemakers with steps of one beat per minute, of A-V sequential stimulation and, when feasible of atrial stimulation, undoubtedly plays an important role in clinical arrhythmology.

title: [The use of pace-makers with programmable frequency in the control of @entity71 ventricular "refractory" XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current National @entity5 Network guidelines for @entity0 staging include pre-treatment complete blood count (CBC) and liver function tests (LFT) to screen for occult metastatic disease. To date, the relevance of these tests in detecting metastatic disease in asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity0 (Stage I/II) has not been demonstrated. Although chest x-rays are no longer recommended in the NCCN guidelines, many centers continue to include this imaging as part of their screening process. We aim to determine the clinical and financial impact of these labs and x-rays in the evaluation of @entity0 @entity1 . A single institution IRB-approved retrospective chart review was conducted of @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity0 treated from January 1, 2005-December 31, 2009. We collected @entity1 demographics, clinical and pathologic staging, chest x-ray, CBC, and LFT results at the time of referral. @entity1 were stratified according to radiographic stage at the time of diagnosis. We obtained Medicare reimbursement fees for cost analysis. From 2005 to 2009, 1609 @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity0 were treated at our institution. Of the 1082 @entity1 with radiographic stage I/II disease, 27.3  % of @entity1 had abnormal CBCs. No additional testing was performed to evaluate these abnormalities. In the early-stage population, 24.7  % of @entity1 had elevated LFTs, resulting in 84 additional imaging studies. No metastatic disease was detected. The cost of CBC, LFTs and chest x-rays was  110.20 per @entity1 , totaling  106,410.99. Additional tests prompted by abnormal results cost  58,143.30 over the five-year period. We found that pre-treatment CBCs, LFTs, and chest x-rays did not improve detection of occult metastatic disease but resulted in additional financial costs. Avoiding routine ordering of these tests would save the US healthcare system  25.7 million annually.

title: Complete blood counts, liver function tests, and chest x-rays as routine screening in XXXX : value added or just cost?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: Some photobiological properties of @entity71228 (PQ) have been studied in comparison with @entity9627 ( @entity9627 ). In Ehrlich cells, PQ induced a moderate inhibition in DNA and RNA syntheses in the dark, which appeared to be more pronounced upon UVA irradiation. In contrast to @entity9627 , in the presence of UVA, PQ also affected protein synthesis. Likewise marked antiproliferative effects were also observed in the study of the clonal growth of CHO cells cultivated in vitro. Using alkaline elution and CHO cells, a moderate formation of single-strand breaks (SSBs) and of DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) was observed by incubation in the dark; upon UVA irradiation the amount of both lesions increased greatly, whereas no inter-strand cross-links (ISCs) were formed. As expected, @entity9627 did not damage DNA in the dark, but induced SSBs, ISCs and DPCs in the presence of UVA. The induction of SSBs by both compounds seems to be directly related to a photochemical event rather than to incisions during DNA repair. As the induction of ISCs, and also the formation of DPCs by @entity9627 and UVA, appears to be based on a two-step reaction involving photo-bound @entity9627 -DNA moieties. In contrast, the formation of DPCs by PQ and UVA seems to involve @entity9335 by free PQ molecules connected with SSB and @entity9974 formation rather than with a DNA photo-binding activity. The PQ activity observed in the dark could probably be ascribed to a moderate inhibition of topoisomerases.

title: XXXX , a new compound with unusual photosensitizing properties.

entities_list: @entity9335 :: ('MESH:D010787', 'Disease') :: ['photosensitization']

entities_list: @entity9627 :: ('MESH:D008730', 'Chemical') :: ['8-MOP', '8-methoxypsoralen']

entities_list: @entity71228 :: ('MESH:C089538', 'Chemical') :: ['2,6-dimethyl-9-methoxy-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-4-one']

answer: @entity71228 :: (MESH:C089538,Chemical) :: ['2,6-Dimethyl-9-methoxy-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-4-one']


abstract: Soleus muscles of @entity35 were denervated, treated with @entity1341 and autografted in order to induce aneural regeneration or only denervated. After 2-70 days, muscles were fixed and embedded in @entity990 resin for light and electron microscopy. Regenerating muscles after 2 and 5 days consisted of a @entity39 core and a rim of new fibres; the @entity39 core had disappeared by day 10. The fibre size (mean cross-sectional area) was 139 microns2 after 10 days; it decreased to 22 microns2 after 70 days. Denervated muscle fibres measured 26 microns2 after 70 days. The sarcomere pattern was regular in 10-day regenerates but later degenerated. There were signs of fibre breakdown; immature regenerating fibres were still found after 70 days. Denervated muscles already contained a few new myotubes at 10 days; at 40 and 70 days fibre loss and regeneration were distinct. The percentage of satellite cells relative to myonuclei (normal 8%) doubled within the first 10 days after @entity39 and then fell to less than one fourth of normal. Denervation for 70 days increased threefold the percentage of satellite cells in some muscles and in others caused a decrease to half of normal. The number of fibre cross-sections in regenerated muscles was about 3000 after 10-70 days; this was roughly the same number as in normal soleus muscles. The true number of fibres, however, may have been smaller because regenerated fibres tend to branch. It is concluded that aneurally regenerating muscle fibres reach a high degree of structural differentiation, but then @entity194 , degenerate and vanish; they are replaced by new fibres, which do not reach the size of the first fibres, presumably because the satellite cell pool without innervation eventually becomes exhausted. The slow and non-synchronized breakdown of denervated soleus muscle fibres induces proliferation of satellite cells as in necrotized muscles; those muscles which had fewer satellite cells than normal after 70 days might already be showing exhaustion.

title: A comparison of the morphology of denervated with aneurally regenerated soleus muscle of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Thirty-four albino @entity19 were each exposed to 20 cercariae of @entity2042 by the intraperitoneal or percutaneous route and killed after 60-127 days. The peritoneal cavity of each @entity19 was flushed and worms in the portal vein system were perfused with citrated saline. After sedimentation, washings were examined microscopically. Mature worms were only found in the portal vein system. The worm recovery rate was much higher by percutaneous @entity281 (61.2%) than by intraperitoneal (37.1%). The encapsulated egg @entity738 were observed either in the peritoneal cavity or on the intestinal wall; the mean number of encapsulated egg @entity738 was also higher in the former (1.6) than in the latter (0.6). The average number of eggs per @entity738 was very similar by both routes (10.7 and 11.4). The mean size of encapsulated egg @entity738 (529 microns) was increased correspondingly with the number of eggs (range 181-985 microns). The percentage of viable eggs within the @entity738 in the peritoneal cavity (77%) was much higher than those on the intestinal wall (18%). Encapsulated egg @entity738 were usually ovoid although some had an irregular shape.

title: Encapsulated egg deposition pattern of XXXX in the peritoneal cavity of @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

answer: @entity2042 :: (6182,Species) :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']


abstract: Thirty-four albino @entity19 were each exposed to 20 cercariae of @entity2042 by the intraperitoneal or percutaneous route and killed after 60-127 days. The peritoneal cavity of each @entity19 was flushed and worms in the portal vein system were perfused with citrated saline. After sedimentation, washings were examined microscopically. Mature worms were only found in the portal vein system. The worm recovery rate was much higher by percutaneous @entity281 (61.2%) than by intraperitoneal (37.1%). The encapsulated egg @entity738 were observed either in the peritoneal cavity or on the intestinal wall; the mean number of encapsulated egg @entity738 was also higher in the former (1.6) than in the latter (0.6). The average number of eggs per @entity738 was very similar by both routes (10.7 and 11.4). The mean size of encapsulated egg @entity738 (529 microns) was increased correspondingly with the number of eggs (range 181-985 microns). The percentage of viable eggs within the @entity738 in the peritoneal cavity (77%) was much higher than those on the intestinal wall (18%). Encapsulated egg @entity738 were usually ovoid although some had an irregular shape.

title: Encapsulated egg deposition pattern of @entity2042 in the peritoneal cavity of XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: A quantitative light microscopic morphometric analysis of lysozyme- and IgA-containing Paneth cells within the ileal mucosa of physiologically manipulated and control (sham operation) animals was performed. The experimental groups of @entity35 included animals raised in a gnotobiotic environment (microbial reduction) and animals with ileal self-filling blind (microbial proliferation) and Thiry-Vella (intestinal discontinuity) loops. The unlabeled antibody enzyme immunohistochemical localization technique was employed for the identification of intracellular lysozyme and IgA. Component quantitation was performed by use of a micrometer component quantitator. Marked @entity1373 was noted in association with gnotobiosis and with the @entity292 . This observation quantitatively confirms previous subjective impressions of increased Paneth cell differentiation in association with those physiologic states. Since the neurovascular component of the @entity292 is intact, the normal intraluminal succus entericus would appear to be involved in modulation of Paneth cell differentiation. The recognition of @entity1373 in association with the @entity292 suggests that this may be a useful experimental model for an evaluation of the life cycle and functional characteristics of this cell population. The results also revealed that no significant change in the volume percentage of Paneth cells and a decreased volume percentage of Paneth cells containing IgA occurred in association with the self-filling blind loop. A decreased volume percentage of IgA-containing immunocytes in association with the blind loop has previously been reported. The data are most consistent with the interpretation that the Paneth cell and immunocyte response to antigenic stimulation are interrelated and that the Paneth cell population has a restricted latitude of response to microbial proliferation.

title: Light microscopic morphometric analysis of XXXX ileal mucosa: II. Component quantitation of Paneth cells.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Paneth cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['Thiry-Vella fistula']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The pathogenesis of @entity5131 is associated with an intact antiviral immune response. To determine the degree of involvement of the host response in influenza virus-induced @entity358 , @entity19 were immunosuppressed by treatment with @entity8667 ( @entity8667 ). Eight days after infection, pulmonary defense mechanisms were quantitated by aerogenic challenge with @entity794 ; the ingestion of opsonized erythrocyte (EA) was used to monitor the phagocytic capability of alveolar macrophages obtained by pulmonary lavage. The @entity8667 treatment alone caused no significant alteration in pulmonary antibacterial defenses or macrophage phagocytosis, nor did it interfere with viral multiplication. In noninfected lungs, less than 1% of the initial viable staphylococci remained viable at 24 h compared with proliferation to 490 +/- 147% in virus-infected lungs. Treatment with @entity8667 prevented staphylococcal multiplication, the bactericidal value being 28 +/- 12% at the same time period. The phagocytic index (EA ingested/100 macrophages) in cells retrieved from normal lungs was 783 +/- 22 compared with 235 +/- 29 in macrophages from virus-infected lungs. The @entity8667 ameliorated the impairment in phagocytic ingestion, the index being 505 +/- 34. Incubation of alveolar macrophages from virus-infected, @entity8667 -treated animals with specific viral antibody reestablished the phagocytic defect in a dose-dependent manner; the index being 215 +/- 30 at the lowest dilution of antiviral globulin. The data demonstrate that the virus-induced suppression of pulmonary antibacterial defenses caused by dysfunction in @entity133 phagocytosis is, in part, immunologically mediated.

title: Immune impairment of XXXX phagocytosis during influenza virus pneumonia.

entities_list: @entity5131 :: ('MESH:D011024', 'Disease') :: ['viral pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar macrophage']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of pulmonary antibacterial defenses']

entities_list: @entity8667 :: ('MESH:D012713', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'antilymphocyte serum']

answer: @entity133 :: (MESH:D002282,Disease) :: ['alveolar macrophage']


abstract: @entity0 has 20 different histologic descriptions grouped into four categories, A, B, C, and D, based on prognosis. An analysis of 3,902 @entity1 has revealed significant differences in outcome. Class A disease--for the most part in situ--was relatively benign, with a frequency distribution of 5%. Positive nodes were found in 1.6%, and five-year survival curves exceeded 91%. Class B (mucinous, medullary, etc) occurred in 4.1% of @entity1 . Fewer advanced stages indicated @entity146 , and survival at five years was 75%. The most common class, C (85%), had a five-year survival of 66%, closely related to stage. Class D @entity5 , 4.3% with ill defined, wildly infiltrative borders, and undifferentiation, were ominous with 33% demonstrating distant spread at first diagnosis. The five-year survival was only 46%. Epidemiologic findings revealed a high incidence of bilaterality and high family risk in some categories, but not in others. Mammography should be done in all class A lesions. A complete pretreatment metastatic survey is recommended for class D @entity1 , as well as those with @entity5 . Indications for various surgical and adjuvant therapies are described.

title: Histologic and staging classification of XXXX : implications for therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced stage II and III lesions', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['less aggressive tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of combination therapy, compared with single second-line drug therapy, in @entity309 . METHODS: This study was a meta-analysis of published trials that evaluated combinations of full-dose second-line drugs and compared them with single second-line drugs at full dose. Using a random effects model, we summarized the difference between improvement with combination therapy and improvement with single-drug therapy. RESULTS: Five trials that met inclusion criteria, which contained 749 entering @entity1 and 516 completing @entity1 , were identified. The mean +/- SEM difference in improvement in tender joint count between combination and single-drug therapy at end of trial (24-52 weeks) was 2.4 +/- 0.7 joints (out of 60) (P < 0.001). At end of trial the difference between therapies in swollen joint counts was 1.0 +/- 1.2 joints (P = 0.42). The difference in grip strength improvement was 3.7 +/- 4.3 mm Hg (P = 0.40), and for erythrocyte sedimentation rate it was 3.4 +/- 3.1 mm/hour (P = 0.27). In general, the differences in efficacy between combination and single-drug therapy were clinically marginal. Nine percent more combination therapy-treated @entity1 experienced side effect-related discontinuation of therapy than @entity1 receiving single-drug therapy (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Combination therapy, as it has been used in recent clinical trials, does not offer a substantial improvement in efficacy, but does have higher @entity137 than single drug therapy. These combination therapy regimens are not recommended for widespread use. Other more aggressive regimens with additional drugs or higher drug doses than have been studied might be more efficacious, but with an even higher rate of @entity137 .

title: The efficacy and XXXX of combination therapy in @entity309 . A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of combination therapy, compared with single second-line drug therapy, in @entity309 . METHODS: This study was a meta-analysis of published trials that evaluated combinations of full-dose second-line drugs and compared them with single second-line drugs at full dose. Using a random effects model, we summarized the difference between improvement with combination therapy and improvement with single-drug therapy. RESULTS: Five trials that met inclusion criteria, which contained 749 entering @entity1 and 516 completing @entity1 , were identified. The mean +/- SEM difference in improvement in tender joint count between combination and single-drug therapy at end of trial (24-52 weeks) was 2.4 +/- 0.7 joints (out of 60) (P < 0.001). At end of trial the difference between therapies in swollen joint counts was 1.0 +/- 1.2 joints (P = 0.42). The difference in grip strength improvement was 3.7 +/- 4.3 mm Hg (P = 0.40), and for erythrocyte sedimentation rate it was 3.4 +/- 3.1 mm/hour (P = 0.27). In general, the differences in efficacy between combination and single-drug therapy were clinically marginal. Nine percent more combination therapy-treated @entity1 experienced side effect-related discontinuation of therapy than @entity1 receiving single-drug therapy (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Combination therapy, as it has been used in recent clinical trials, does not offer a substantial improvement in efficacy, but does have higher @entity137 than single drug therapy. These combination therapy regimens are not recommended for widespread use. Other more aggressive regimens with additional drugs or higher drug doses than have been studied might be more efficacious, but with an even higher rate of @entity137 .

title: The efficacy and @entity137 of combination therapy in XXXX . A meta-analysis.

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vivo and in vitro expression of @entity1943 receptors (SS-R) on synovial membranes of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: The joints of 14 consecutive @entity1 with active @entity309 , 4 @entity1 with severe @entity571 ( @entity571 ), and 30 control @entity1 were studied. The @entity1943 analog [111In- @entity12306 -D-Phe1]-octreotide was used for in vivo SS-R scintigraphy, and the @entity1943 analog @entity11033 for in vitro SS-R autoradiography. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent (220 of 290) of the @entity158 and 76% (207 of 274) of the swollen joints of the @entity1 with @entity309 were visualized by SS-R scintigraphy. The degree of @entity158 and swelling correlated well with positive scintigraphy findings in the joints (P < 0.0001). In 2 of the @entity309 @entity1 who underwent scintigraphy, as well as in 4 of 5 other @entity1 , in vitro studies of the synovial membranes showed the presence of specific SS-R. In @entity1 with @entity571 , uptake of radioactivity in the affected joints was significantly lower than that in @entity1 with @entity309 . None of the joints of the control @entity1 demonstrated uptake of radioactivity. CONCLUSION: SS-R are present in the synovial tissue of @entity1 with active @entity309 , as demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro techniques. The potential value of SS-R scintigraphy in the clinical evaluation of @entity1 with active @entity309 is presently unknown.

title: XXXX receptor imaging. The presence of @entity1943 receptors in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful joints', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['Somatostatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vivo and in vitro expression of @entity1943 receptors (SS-R) on synovial membranes of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: The joints of 14 consecutive @entity1 with active @entity309 , 4 @entity1 with severe @entity571 ( @entity571 ), and 30 control @entity1 were studied. The @entity1943 analog [111In- @entity12306 -D-Phe1]-octreotide was used for in vivo SS-R scintigraphy, and the @entity1943 analog @entity11033 for in vitro SS-R autoradiography. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent (220 of 290) of the @entity158 and 76% (207 of 274) of the swollen joints of the @entity1 with @entity309 were visualized by SS-R scintigraphy. The degree of @entity158 and swelling correlated well with positive scintigraphy findings in the joints (P < 0.0001). In 2 of the @entity309 @entity1 who underwent scintigraphy, as well as in 4 of 5 other @entity1 , in vitro studies of the synovial membranes showed the presence of specific SS-R. In @entity1 with @entity571 , uptake of radioactivity in the affected joints was significantly lower than that in @entity1 with @entity309 . None of the joints of the control @entity1 demonstrated uptake of radioactivity. CONCLUSION: SS-R are present in the synovial tissue of @entity1 with active @entity309 , as demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro techniques. The potential value of SS-R scintigraphy in the clinical evaluation of @entity1 with active @entity309 is presently unknown.

title: @entity1943 receptor imaging. The presence of XXXX receptors in @entity309 .

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vivo and in vitro expression of @entity1943 receptors (SS-R) on synovial membranes of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: The joints of 14 consecutive @entity1 with active @entity309 , 4 @entity1 with severe @entity571 ( @entity571 ), and 30 control @entity1 were studied. The @entity1943 analog [111In- @entity12306 -D-Phe1]-octreotide was used for in vivo SS-R scintigraphy, and the @entity1943 analog @entity11033 for in vitro SS-R autoradiography. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent (220 of 290) of the @entity158 and 76% (207 of 274) of the swollen joints of the @entity1 with @entity309 were visualized by SS-R scintigraphy. The degree of @entity158 and swelling correlated well with positive scintigraphy findings in the joints (P < 0.0001). In 2 of the @entity309 @entity1 who underwent scintigraphy, as well as in 4 of 5 other @entity1 , in vitro studies of the synovial membranes showed the presence of specific SS-R. In @entity1 with @entity571 , uptake of radioactivity in the affected joints was significantly lower than that in @entity1 with @entity309 . None of the joints of the control @entity1 demonstrated uptake of radioactivity. CONCLUSION: SS-R are present in the synovial tissue of @entity1 with active @entity309 , as demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro techniques. The potential value of SS-R scintigraphy in the clinical evaluation of @entity1 with active @entity309 is presently unknown.

title: @entity1943 receptor imaging. The presence of @entity1943 receptors in XXXX .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: It has been suggested that carotid endarterectomy for carotid bifurcation disease may be contraindicated in the presence of carotid siphon lesions. This study was undertaken to assess any difference in @entity64 rate, mortality, or relief of symptoms in @entity1 with and without such "tandem" lesions following elective carotid endarterectomy. Ninety-one bifurcation endarterectomies were performed in 79 @entity1 . The @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group I (44 @entity1 , 47 endarterectomies) had carotid bifurcation @entity850 only; group I (35 @entity1 , 44 endarterectomies) had siphon @entity850 plus bifurcation @entity850 . All @entity1 in both groups who were symptomatic before operation were relieved of their symptoms. In group I there were no intraoperative or perioperative @entity64 , four late @entity64 (8.7%), one operate @entity204 (2.1%), and no late deaths. Group II @entity1 had two intraoperative @entity64 (4.5%), three perioperative @entity64 (6.8%), two late @entity64 (5.1%), four operative deaths (9.1%), and three late deaths (7.5%). Eighteen of the 35 @entity1 in group II had a greater degree of carotid siphon @entity850 than bifurcation @entity850 . In this subgroup, there was one operative @entity64 (5.6%), only perioperative @entity64 (5.6%), one late @entity64 (5.9%), one @entity204 (5.6%), and one late @entity204 (5.6%). None of these differences were statistically significant. Relief of symptoms was the same in @entity1 with and without tandem carotid lesions, and there was no significantly increased risk of @entity64 or @entity204 following bifurcation endarterectomy in @entity1 with tandem carotid lesions.

title: The effect of carotid siphon XXXX on @entity64 rate, @entity204 , and relief of symptoms following elective carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death', 'death']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: It has been suggested that carotid endarterectomy for carotid bifurcation disease may be contraindicated in the presence of carotid siphon lesions. This study was undertaken to assess any difference in @entity64 rate, mortality, or relief of symptoms in @entity1 with and without such "tandem" lesions following elective carotid endarterectomy. Ninety-one bifurcation endarterectomies were performed in 79 @entity1 . The @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group I (44 @entity1 , 47 endarterectomies) had carotid bifurcation @entity850 only; group I (35 @entity1 , 44 endarterectomies) had siphon @entity850 plus bifurcation @entity850 . All @entity1 in both groups who were symptomatic before operation were relieved of their symptoms. In group I there were no intraoperative or perioperative @entity64 , four late @entity64 (8.7%), one operate @entity204 (2.1%), and no late deaths. Group II @entity1 had two intraoperative @entity64 (4.5%), three perioperative @entity64 (6.8%), two late @entity64 (5.1%), four operative deaths (9.1%), and three late deaths (7.5%). Eighteen of the 35 @entity1 in group II had a greater degree of carotid siphon @entity850 than bifurcation @entity850 . In this subgroup, there was one operative @entity64 (5.6%), only perioperative @entity64 (5.6%), one late @entity64 (5.9%), one @entity204 (5.6%), and one late @entity204 (5.6%). None of these differences were statistically significant. Relief of symptoms was the same in @entity1 with and without tandem carotid lesions, and there was no significantly increased risk of @entity64 or @entity204 following bifurcation endarterectomy in @entity1 with tandem carotid lesions.

title: The effect of carotid siphon @entity850 on @entity64 rate, XXXX , and relief of symptoms following elective carotid endarterectomy.

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: It has been suggested that carotid endarterectomy for carotid bifurcation disease may be contraindicated in the presence of carotid siphon lesions. This study was undertaken to assess any difference in @entity64 rate, mortality, or relief of symptoms in @entity1 with and without such "tandem" lesions following elective carotid endarterectomy. Ninety-one bifurcation endarterectomies were performed in 79 @entity1 . The @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group I (44 @entity1 , 47 endarterectomies) had carotid bifurcation @entity850 only; group I (35 @entity1 , 44 endarterectomies) had siphon @entity850 plus bifurcation @entity850 . All @entity1 in both groups who were symptomatic before operation were relieved of their symptoms. In group I there were no intraoperative or perioperative @entity64 , four late @entity64 (8.7%), one operate @entity204 (2.1%), and no late deaths. Group II @entity1 had two intraoperative @entity64 (4.5%), three perioperative @entity64 (6.8%), two late @entity64 (5.1%), four operative deaths (9.1%), and three late deaths (7.5%). Eighteen of the 35 @entity1 in group II had a greater degree of carotid siphon @entity850 than bifurcation @entity850 . In this subgroup, there was one operative @entity64 (5.6%), only perioperative @entity64 (5.6%), one late @entity64 (5.9%), one @entity204 (5.6%), and one late @entity204 (5.6%). None of these differences were statistically significant. Relief of symptoms was the same in @entity1 with and without tandem carotid lesions, and there was no significantly increased risk of @entity64 or @entity204 following bifurcation endarterectomy in @entity1 with tandem carotid lesions.

title: The effect of carotid siphon @entity850 on XXXX rate, @entity204 , and relief of symptoms following elective carotid endarterectomy.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PROBLEM: We determined the maternal-fetal transport of immunoglobulin G (IgG) during the third trimester of @entity1 pregnancy. METHOD: The concentration of IgG and its subclasses (IgG1-4) was determined in sera of blood samples from 38 pregnancies collected at the time of delivery from a peripheral maternal vein (MV) and from the placental umbilical artery (UA) and vein (UV). Gestational age varied between 28 and 42 weeks ( @entity2883 ). RESULT: Whereas placental weight showed a significant correlation with gestational age, the maternal level of IgG and the ratio of its subclasses did not vary with gestational age. At 28-33 @entity2883 (n = 15) the mean values in the UA (5.91 +/- 1.53 g/l) and UV (6.41 +/- 1.57 g/l) for total IgG concentration were lower than in the MV (10.74 +/- 2.55 g/l). At the end of gestation (37-42 @entity2883 , n = 12), IgG in both UA (11.21 +/- 1.95 g/l) and UV (12.26 +/- 2.06 g/l) exceeded the maternal concentration (9.69 +/- 1.84 g/l). In addition to the significant positive correlation between IgG concentration in the fetal circulation (UV + UA) and gestational age (28-42 @entity2883 ), an increase in the positive difference between UV and UA at the end of pregnancy indicates that there is a substantial rise in placental IgG transport capacity. CONCLUSION: All four subclasses IgG1-4 were detectable in the umbilical circulation (28-42 @entity2883 ). Whereas @entity3172 and IgG4 in UA and UV had a similar concentration as in MV and remained unchanged, IgG2 increased with gestation from 0.67/0.74 g/l (UA/UV, 28-33 @entity2883 ) to 1.29/1.58 g/l (UA/UV, 37-42 @entity2883 ), but nevertheless remained lower than the level found in the MV (2.65 +/- 1.12 g/l). The main increase in IgG concentration, however, was due to the substantial rise in the transport of IgG1, which increased from 4.37 +/- 1.24 (UA) and 4.94 +/- 1.52 g/l (UV) at 28-33 @entity2883 to 8.94 +/- 1.66 (UA) and 10.89 +/- 1.96 g/l (UV) at the end of gestation, which was even higher than the overall IgG concentration in MV.

title: Maternal-fetal transport of immunoglobulin G and its subclasses during the third trimester of XXXX pregnancy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between @entity528 and spinal alignment by comparing @entity1 with adult @entity85 versus the control cohort. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The effect of degeneration on cervical alignment has been controversial. METHODS: Cervical and full-length spine radiographs of 57 @entity1 with adult @entity85 and 78 @entity1 in the control group were reviewed. Adult @entity85 was classified into 3 types based on the primary characteristics of the deformity: " @entity179 " group, "Positive sagittal imbalance" group, and " @entity1513 " group. @entity528 was assessed using the @entity528 index scoring system. RESULTS: The " @entity179 " group had significantly higher total @entity528 index score (25  7) than the control group (16  8), the "Positive sagittal imbalance" group (18  8), and the " @entity1513 " group (12  7) (P<0.01). The " @entity179 " group had significantly less cervical @entity1515 than the other groups. This reduced amount of cervical @entity1515 was thought to be induced by a compensatory decrease in @entity1513 . In this group, @entity528 was significantly associated with a decrease in cervical @entity1515 . Significantly greater compensatory increase in cervical @entity1515 was noted in the "Positive sagittal imbalance" group (20  15 degrees) and the " @entity1513 " group (26  9 degrees) compared with the control group (11  12 degrees) (P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Flat cervical spine coexisted with @entity528 when @entity1513 was induced by @entity179 . In other situations, cervical @entity1515 could increase as a compensatory reaction against sagittal imbalance or hyperthoracic @entity1513 .

title: The Relationship Between Cervical Degeneration and Global Spinal Alignment in @entity1 With Adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthoracic kyphosis', 'thoracic kyphosis', 'compensatory hypothoracic kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative flatback', 'degenerative flatback']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical degeneration', 'cervical degeneration', 'increased cervical degeneration']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Spinal Deformity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between @entity528 and spinal alignment by comparing @entity1 with adult @entity85 versus the control cohort. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The effect of degeneration on cervical alignment has been controversial. METHODS: Cervical and full-length spine radiographs of 57 @entity1 with adult @entity85 and 78 @entity1 in the control group were reviewed. Adult @entity85 was classified into 3 types based on the primary characteristics of the deformity: " @entity179 " group, "Positive sagittal imbalance" group, and " @entity1513 " group. @entity528 was assessed using the @entity528 index scoring system. RESULTS: The " @entity179 " group had significantly higher total @entity528 index score (25  7) than the control group (16  8), the "Positive sagittal imbalance" group (18  8), and the " @entity1513 " group (12  7) (P<0.01). The " @entity179 " group had significantly less cervical @entity1515 than the other groups. This reduced amount of cervical @entity1515 was thought to be induced by a compensatory decrease in @entity1513 . In this group, @entity528 was significantly associated with a decrease in cervical @entity1515 . Significantly greater compensatory increase in cervical @entity1515 was noted in the "Positive sagittal imbalance" group (20  15 degrees) and the " @entity1513 " group (26  9 degrees) compared with the control group (11  12 degrees) (P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Flat cervical spine coexisted with @entity528 when @entity1513 was induced by @entity179 . In other situations, cervical @entity1515 could increase as a compensatory reaction against sagittal imbalance or hyperthoracic @entity1513 .

title: The Relationship Between Cervical Degeneration and Global Spinal Alignment in XXXX With Adult @entity85 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is the most common @entity5 among @entity1 globally, and the number of young @entity1 diagnosed with this disease is gradually increasing over the years. Mammography is the current gold-standard technique although it is known to be less sensitive in detecting @entity5 in @entity1 with dense breast tissue. Detecting an early-stage @entity5 in young @entity1 is very crucial for better survival chance and treatment. The thermography technique has the capability to provide an additional functional information on physiological changes to mammography by describing thermal and vascular properties of the tissues. Studies on breast thermography have been carried out to improve the accuracy level of the thermography technique in various perspectives. However, the limitation of gathering @entity1 affected by @entity5 in different age groups had necessitated this comprehensive study which is aimed to investigate the effect of different density levels on the surface temperature distribution profile of the breast models. These models, namely extremely dense (ED), @entity3630 ( @entity3630 ), scattered fibroglandular (SF), and predominantly fatty (PF), with @entity5 were developed using the finite element method. A conventional Pennes' bioheat model was used to perform the numerical simulation on different case studies, and the results obtained were then compared using a hypothesis statistical analysis method to the reference breast model developed previously. The results obtained show that ED, SF, and PF breast models had significant mean differences in surface temperature profile with a p value <0.025, while @entity3630 breast model data pair agreed with the null hypothesis formulated due to the comparable tissue composition percentage to the reference model. The findings suggested that various breast density levels should be considered as a contributing factor to the surface thermal distribution profile alteration in both @entity0 detection and analysis when using the thermography technique.

title: Thermal distribution analysis of three-dimensional XXXX -embedded breast models with different breast density compositions.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors', 'embedded tumors']

entities_list: @entity3630 :: ('MESH:D015432', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneously dense', 'HD']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatic resection is prone to significant @entity190 . Adverse effects of @entity190 and transfusion mandate improvements in surgical techniques to reduce @entity190 and transfusion requirements. METHODS: One hundred hepatic resections were carried out using a standard surgical technique that includes control of the hilar structures, extrahepatic control of the hepatic veins, and use of the Pringle maneuver. Low central venous pressure and Trendelenburg positioning were used during parenchymal transection. Data were collected retrospectively in the first 36 @entity1 , whereas data were collected prospectively in the remaining 64 @entity1 . RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 3%. Median @entity190 was 450, 700, 1000, 1100, and 1500 mL for segmental, nonanatomic, lobar, extended right, and extended left resections, respectively. Major resections were more likely than minor resections to be transfused with albumin (P = .008), fresh frozen plasma (P = .009), and packed red blood cells or whole blood (P = .04). Overall transfusion of packed red blood cells or whole blood occurred in 59 of 100 @entity1 . In the 64 @entity1 who were followed up prospectively, the predeposit of autologous blood decreased the need for homologous transfusions from 56% to 38%. A further reduction in the transfusion rate of 25% could have been possible if all @entity1 in the prospective group had donated 2 U of autologous blood. @entity1 who predeposited blood were more likely to receive transfusions and to have had a transfusion more than 24 hours after surgery than were @entity1 who did not donate blood. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical techniques used results in acceptable @entity190 and transfusion requirements for hepatic resection. This approach is safe, cost-effective, reproducible, and applicable for widespread use.

title: One hundred consecutive hepatic resections. XXXX , transfusion, and operative technique.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['Blood loss']


abstract: The composition and structure of adaptive intimal thickening and of @entity731 that can develop in @entity1 coronary arteries is described. Adaptive thickening occurs in defined locations from birth and represents a self-limited response of the intima to hemodynamic forces present within specific locations. Adaptive thickening does not indicate or presage an @entity731 . However, some of the identical intima locations (progression-prone locations) accumulate more lipoprotein in @entity1 exposed to risk factors of @entity731 and are first to develop @entity1442 if such lesions develop at all. @entity731 can be resolved into eight (I- @entity797 ) lesion types, each characteristic by its cells, matrix, architecture, or other specific features. The numerals I-VI represent the usual sequence in which lesions develop and progress from the initial accumulations of lipoproteins and macrophages to @entity1856 and @entity1856 stages which are susceptible to @entity715 and @entity63 clinical episodes. The numerals VII and @entity797 represent morphological variants that may follow or precede Type VI. Types I-IV are the lesions most frequent in the first four decades of life. Type III is a lesion we identified in adolescents and young adults as morphologically intermediate between the small lesions of @entity1 (I and II) and the potentially symptom-producing Type IV lesion. Identification of Type III provides evidence that small lesions of @entity1 can develop into clinical ones. Because we know the age at which @entity75 are present in our population, we also known the age when progression to @entity1442 generally begins and when preventive measures should already be in place.

title: Changes in components and structure of XXXX developing from childhood to middle age in coronary arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Type III lesions']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lesions']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroatheroma', 'atheroma']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion', 'Atherosclerotic disease', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic deposits']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']


abstract: Peritoneal glial implants are found in childhood, adolescence as well as in young @entity1 and are the result of a ruptured capsule of mature or immature @entity43 . The implants of glia nodules have a distinct gross feature and are localized mostly in the parietal and visceral peritoneum, in the omentum and in the space of Douglas. According to the review by Robboy and Scully (1970), seventeen other cases have been reported. CASE REPORT: A ten year old @entity1 was operated on for a @entity44 of the right ovary. After an interval of 12-13 years, two laparotomies were performed because of recurring @entity158 , adhesions of the abdomen and the formation of @entity5 -shaped resistances. Biopsies from both operations taken from the peritoneum, omentum and space of Douglas yielded disseminated @entity10053 and @entity46 . The uniqueness of this case lies in the length of the interval of 12 years after the operation, the size of the @entity5 in the pelvis as well as its regressive changes. X-ray examination of this tissue revealed @entity730 . A partially infiltrative growth of the glial mass into fat tissue was determined despite the low grading of the implant. The size of the @entity5 -like infiltration can be understood as a result of growth and confluence of several nodes. As an expression of a local defense reaction, there was found at one location on the circumference of a glial node an intense lymphofollicular infiltration. The combination of @entity10053 and @entity46 has not been observed up until now. The formation of endometriod glands could be the result of a metaplasia of the subcoelomic mesenchyme. @entity298 can be considered to be implantation metastases of @entity43 with varying degrees of @entity2175 .

title: Nodular and tumorlike @entity10053 peritonei with XXXX caused by a mature @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma of the ovary', 'ovarian teratoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'gliomatosis-tumor']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse calcification']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['gliomatosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal gliomatosis']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['benign cystic teratoma']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: Peritoneal glial implants are found in childhood, adolescence as well as in young @entity1 and are the result of a ruptured capsule of mature or immature @entity43 . The implants of glia nodules have a distinct gross feature and are localized mostly in the parietal and visceral peritoneum, in the omentum and in the space of Douglas. According to the review by Robboy and Scully (1970), seventeen other cases have been reported. CASE REPORT: A ten year old @entity1 was operated on for a @entity44 of the right ovary. After an interval of 12-13 years, two laparotomies were performed because of recurring @entity158 , adhesions of the abdomen and the formation of @entity5 -shaped resistances. Biopsies from both operations taken from the peritoneum, omentum and space of Douglas yielded disseminated @entity10053 and @entity46 . The uniqueness of this case lies in the length of the interval of 12 years after the operation, the size of the @entity5 in the pelvis as well as its regressive changes. X-ray examination of this tissue revealed @entity730 . A partially infiltrative growth of the glial mass into fat tissue was determined despite the low grading of the implant. The size of the @entity5 -like infiltration can be understood as a result of growth and confluence of several nodes. As an expression of a local defense reaction, there was found at one location on the circumference of a glial node an intense lymphofollicular infiltration. The combination of @entity10053 and @entity46 has not been observed up until now. The formation of endometriod glands could be the result of a metaplasia of the subcoelomic mesenchyme. @entity298 can be considered to be implantation metastases of @entity43 with varying degrees of @entity2175 .

title: Nodular and tumorlike XXXX peritonei with @entity46 caused by a mature @entity43 .

answer: @entity10053 :: (MESH:D018302,Disease) :: ['gliomatosis']


abstract: Peritoneal glial implants are found in childhood, adolescence as well as in young @entity1 and are the result of a ruptured capsule of mature or immature @entity43 . The implants of glia nodules have a distinct gross feature and are localized mostly in the parietal and visceral peritoneum, in the omentum and in the space of Douglas. According to the review by Robboy and Scully (1970), seventeen other cases have been reported. CASE REPORT: A ten year old @entity1 was operated on for a @entity44 of the right ovary. After an interval of 12-13 years, two laparotomies were performed because of recurring @entity158 , adhesions of the abdomen and the formation of @entity5 -shaped resistances. Biopsies from both operations taken from the peritoneum, omentum and space of Douglas yielded disseminated @entity10053 and @entity46 . The uniqueness of this case lies in the length of the interval of 12 years after the operation, the size of the @entity5 in the pelvis as well as its regressive changes. X-ray examination of this tissue revealed @entity730 . A partially infiltrative growth of the glial mass into fat tissue was determined despite the low grading of the implant. The size of the @entity5 -like infiltration can be understood as a result of growth and confluence of several nodes. As an expression of a local defense reaction, there was found at one location on the circumference of a glial node an intense lymphofollicular infiltration. The combination of @entity10053 and @entity46 has not been observed up until now. The formation of endometriod glands could be the result of a metaplasia of the subcoelomic mesenchyme. @entity298 can be considered to be implantation metastases of @entity43 with varying degrees of @entity2175 .

title: Nodular and tumorlike @entity10053 peritonei with @entity46 caused by a mature XXXX .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian teratoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Macrophage precursors are present early in embryonic life, being demonstrable in placental and embryonic connective tissues of @entity35 at the neurula stage and as potential macrophages in the brain, liver, and lungs near the onset of organogenesis. We examined the development of macrophages in the heart and the possibility that they initially appear at sites of programmed cell death (apoptosis). METHODS: Precursors were recognized by the binding of peroxidase-coupled Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (GSA) on the cell membrane. Their capacity for conversion into macrophages was assayed in organ cultures; confirmation of the progeny as bona fide macrophages was obtained from their responses to particle exposure and @entity23142 ( @entity23142 ). RESULTS: GSA+cells were first seen on gestational day 12 (4 mm embryos) @entity19 cycling, nonvacuolated cells located in cardiac tissue outside the blood vessels. This population increased to approximately 12 cells by day 14 (9 mm embryos). Two-thirds were distributed along the bulbus @entity34926 and a more densely cellular connective tissue closer to the aortic arches where apoptotic sites are expected to develop. Such sites were not found in serial @entity6456 sections through our 14-day specimens, although in whole heart explants of this age an area of necrosis developed along the prospective line of bulbar endocardial fusion on the second day of organ culturing, and by then macrophages were fairly abundant. Organ culturing of 13-day embryonic hearts also yielded large, highly vacuolated, GSA+mononuclear phagocytes. After a few days in culture most of the macrophages migrated onto the medium where they formed a tight corona of cells about the explants. They readily ingested @entity1933 particles and concentrated supravitally administered neutral red in their vacuoles. Macrophages from 14-day cultures exposed to @entity23142 developed significantly larger coronas than macrophages from explants grown in serum-rich control medium (p < 0.001). In the presence of cytokines, moreover, these cardiac macrophages survived as many as 100 (92 "postnatal") days. CONCLUSIONS: Macrophage precursors first appear in embryonic @entity35 hearts well before they are needed to clear debris generated by programmed cell death and are capable of rapid conversion into outright phagocytic cells as early as the 13th prenatal day.

title: Early development of macrophages in intact and organ cultured hearts of XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity6456 :: ('MESH:C005044', 'Chemical') :: ['glycol methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity23142 :: ('78965(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'M-CSF']

entities_list: @entity34926 :: ('MESH:D054083', 'Disease') :: ['cordis in the jellylike endocardium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Pregnancy complicated by @entity788 may lead to significant fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. We reviewed the clinical course of 30 @entity1 who developed @entity788 in our institution during pregnancy from 1988 to 1992. @entity788 complicated 0.07 per cent of pregnancies (n = 46,075) during this time period. The etiology was @entity5990 in 22 @entity1 , alcohol in 2 @entity1 , and idiopathic in 6 @entity1 . Average age, multiparity, and symptoms at presentation were similar between @entity1 with @entity5990 (NGSP). All @entity1 were initially treated medically. GSP @entity1 had significantly lower Ranson criteria than NGSP (0.7 vs. 1.9, P < 0.01), but response to initial therapy, need for emergency surgery, fetal outcome, and fetal and maternal mortality (0 per cent) were the same. Twenty-six of 30 @entity1 were successfully treated with conservative management. A significantly higher relapse rate was seen in GSP than NGSP @entity1 before delivery (72% vs. 0%, P < 0.05). These relapses required hospitalization 90 per cent of the time and resulted in 3.9 additional days per @entity1 . Six @entity1 underwent surgery during pregnancy (two in the first trimester and four in the second trimester) without fetal or maternal mortality and with normal birthweights and Apgar scores. No relapses or additional days in hospital were noted in GSP @entity1 following surgery. We recommend that GSP @entity1 presenting in the first or second trimester should, if possible, undergo cholecystectomy in the second trimester when the risk of anesthesia and @entity3152 are the lowest. @entity1 presenting in the third trimester should undergo surgery immediately post-partum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Management of XXXX complicating pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['premature labor']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones', 'gallstone (GSP) or non-gallstone pancreatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: At the Surgical Department of the University of Cologne, a system has been developed for transanal endoscopic surgery, which allows all the conventional surgical techniques within the rectal cavity. The clinical and long-term results regarding local excision of broad based @entity652 and small (< 4 cm) @entity189 of the rectum were the subject of the study. The main indication was the removal of sessile @entity652 . Early @entity189 with favourable histological grading (Grade 1 and 2) and staging (Mason I and II) were also suitable for endorectal therapeutical approach. @entity5 can be removed endoscopically in one session, but the authors performed local excisions of these @entity5 only in cases where the @entity1 was unwilling to undergo extensive surgery or due to medical reasons. Nevertheless several @entity189 were removed locally. Most of the histological findings of the subsequent radical operations (rectum resection, rectum extirpation) revealed that the @entity189 had already been totally removed. During the period July 1983 to December 1992, the techniques have been employed on 313 @entity1 in 348 cases. Early @entity260 consisted of intraperitoneal perforations (five cases); rectovaginal fistulae (four cases); @entity548 (four cases), @entity204 due to @entity177 (two cases). All the complications occurred within the first three years of the learning phase. The recurrence rate of @entity652 amounted to 5%. The technique allows accurate endoscopic microsurgical excision of @entity652 and @entity5 with minimal morbidity and excellent presentation of specimens for complete histological analysis. Open invasive surgery can thus be avoided.

title: Minimal invasive surgery in the local treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Infiltrative cancers', 'early cancers', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'Dukes B carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary failure']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['giant adenomas', 'adenomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: A constitutively expressed aliphatic amidase from a Rhodococcus sp. catalyzing @entity3323 deamination was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 360,000. Upon @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, the purified preparation yielded a homogeneous protein band having an apparent molecular weight of about 44,500. The amidase had pH and temperature optima of 8.5 and 40 degrees C, respectively, and its isoelectric point was pH 4.0. The amidase had apparent K(m) values of 1.2, 2.6, 3.0, 2.7, and 5.0 mM for @entity3323 , @entity14941 , @entity71229 , @entity71230 , and @entity71231 , respectively. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectometry analysis indicated that the enzyme contains 8 mol of @entity68 per mol of the native enzyme. No labile @entity3287 was detected. The amidase activity was enhanced by, but not dependent on @entity8798 , @entity8594 , and @entity3412 . However, the enzyme activity was partially inhibited by @entity1025 and totally inhibited in the presence of @entity3411 , @entity10694 , @entity8863 , @entity515 , specific @entity68 chelators, and @entity1432 blocking reagents. The @entity2733 -terminal sequence of the first 18 @entity1522 displayed 88% homology to the aliphatic amidase of Brevibacterium sp. strain R312.

title: Purification and characterization of an amidase from an XXXX -degrading Rhodococcus sp.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity14941 :: ('MESH:C030686', 'Chemical') :: ['acetamide']

entities_list: @entity71229 :: ('MESH:C006866', 'Chemical') :: ['butyramide']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity71230 :: ('MESH:C034666', 'Chemical') :: ['propionamide']

entities_list: @entity71231 :: ('MESH:C030197', 'Chemical') :: ['isobutyramide']

entities_list: @entity3287 :: ('CHEBI:26822', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfide']

answer: @entity3323 :: (MESH:D020106,Chemical) :: ['acrylamide']


abstract: There is increasing interest in the role of reactive @entity26 radicals in the hepatotoxicity associated with @entity1068 consumption. Reactive @entity26 intermediates interact with DNA and can cause single-strand breaks of supercoiled DNA. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the utility of this system as a sensitive assay for the detection of potent oxidants generated by @entity35 liver microsomes isolated from pair-fed control @entity35 and @entity35 treated chronically with @entity1068 . DNA strand cleavage was assayed by monitoring the migration of the supercoiled and open circular forms in agarose. Microsomes catalysed DNA strand breakage with either @entity1110 or @entity2125 as cofactors; @entity68 was required to catalyse the reaction and various ferric complexes were effective in promoting the reaction. DNA strand cleavage was prevented by @entity12609 , @entity224 dismutase, @entity2197 and @entity3787 -radical-scavenging agents, suggesting that a @entity3787 -radical-like species was the oxidant responsible for the breakage. This assay system proved to be much more sensitive in detecting @entity3787 radicals than are other methods, such as e.s.r. spectroscopy or oxidation of chemical scavenging agents with respect to the amount of microsomal protein and the nature and concentration of the @entity68 catalyst required. Microsomes from @entity1068 -treated @entity35 were more reactive than control microsomes in catalysing the DNA strand cleavage with either @entity1110 or @entity2125 ; increased catalytic activity was observed with various ferric complexes and was sensitive to the above antioxidants. Compared with preimmune IgG, anti-(cytochrome P4502E1) IgG had no effect on DNA strand cleavage by the control microsomes, but completely prevented the @entity1110 - and the @entity2125 -dependent increased activity found with microsomes from the @entity1068 -treated @entity35 . Inhibitors of cytochrome P4502E1, such as @entity8584 and @entity7300 , also lowered the extent of increase of DNA strand cleavage produced by microsomes from the @entity1068 -treated @entity35 . These results indicate that DNA strand cleavage is a very sensitive assay for detecting the production of @entity3787 radicals by microsomes and to demonstrate increased activity by microsomes after chronic @entity1068 treatment. This increased activity with @entity1110 and @entity2125 is due, at least in part, to induction of cytochrome P4502E1.

title: DNA strand cleavage as a sensitive assay for the production of XXXX radicals by microsomes: role of cytochrome P4502E1 in the increased activity after @entity1068 treatment.

entities_list: @entity7300 :: ('MESH:C030820', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity8584 :: ('MESH:D004050', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyl dithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity3787 :: (MESH:D017665,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyl']


abstract: There is increasing interest in the role of reactive @entity26 radicals in the hepatotoxicity associated with @entity1068 consumption. Reactive @entity26 intermediates interact with DNA and can cause single-strand breaks of supercoiled DNA. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the utility of this system as a sensitive assay for the detection of potent oxidants generated by @entity35 liver microsomes isolated from pair-fed control @entity35 and @entity35 treated chronically with @entity1068 . DNA strand cleavage was assayed by monitoring the migration of the supercoiled and open circular forms in agarose. Microsomes catalysed DNA strand breakage with either @entity1110 or @entity2125 as cofactors; @entity68 was required to catalyse the reaction and various ferric complexes were effective in promoting the reaction. DNA strand cleavage was prevented by @entity12609 , @entity224 dismutase, @entity2197 and @entity3787 -radical-scavenging agents, suggesting that a @entity3787 -radical-like species was the oxidant responsible for the breakage. This assay system proved to be much more sensitive in detecting @entity3787 radicals than are other methods, such as e.s.r. spectroscopy or oxidation of chemical scavenging agents with respect to the amount of microsomal protein and the nature and concentration of the @entity68 catalyst required. Microsomes from @entity1068 -treated @entity35 were more reactive than control microsomes in catalysing the DNA strand cleavage with either @entity1110 or @entity2125 ; increased catalytic activity was observed with various ferric complexes and was sensitive to the above antioxidants. Compared with preimmune IgG, anti-(cytochrome P4502E1) IgG had no effect on DNA strand cleavage by the control microsomes, but completely prevented the @entity1110 - and the @entity2125 -dependent increased activity found with microsomes from the @entity1068 -treated @entity35 . Inhibitors of cytochrome P4502E1, such as @entity8584 and @entity7300 , also lowered the extent of increase of DNA strand cleavage produced by microsomes from the @entity1068 -treated @entity35 . These results indicate that DNA strand cleavage is a very sensitive assay for detecting the production of @entity3787 radicals by microsomes and to demonstrate increased activity by microsomes after chronic @entity1068 treatment. This increased activity with @entity1110 and @entity2125 is due, at least in part, to induction of cytochrome P4502E1.

title: DNA strand cleavage as a sensitive assay for the production of @entity3787 radicals by microsomes: role of cytochrome P4502E1 in the increased activity after XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']