abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinicopathological features of pulmonary parenchymal involvement of multicentric @entity12692 ( @entity2826 ). METHODS: Retrospective analysis was carried out for 6 @entity1 of @entity2826 with pulmonary parenchymal involvement who had been admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2008 to March 2013. Relevant literatures were reviewed. The diagnosis was established by surgical lung biopsy and all specimens were fixed in neutral @entity406 and embedded in paraffin. Sections were cut for HE and immunohistochemical stain. B cell and T cell gene rearrangement were tested in 3 cases. RESULTS: These 6 @entity1 (all females) aged 31-68 years, with a median of 49.5 years. The presenting symptoms were @entity221 (4/6), cough (3/6), and @entity3329 (6/6). Laboratory study showed elevated ESR (5/6) and CRP (4/6), and hypergammaglobulinaemia (2/6). Chest CT showed multiple nodules with perilymphatic distribution and ground-glass opacity (GGO). Pathologically, there were 5 cases of plasma cell type and 1 case of hyaline vascular type. The plasma cell variant showed dense mature plasma cell infiltration in pulmonary interstitium. The hyaline vascular variant was characterized by the presence of regressed germinal centers and broad concentric mantle zones. The gene arrangement tests were all negative. During the follow-up period (range: 2-60 months; mean: 31 months), 2 cases with plasma cell type received @entity3726 chemotherapy and then remained stable. One case with hyaline vascular type received @entity3726 chemotherapy but died due to @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: In the thorax, @entity12692 usually manifests as hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement. Pulmonary parenchymal involvement by @entity2826 is very rare. It is mostly seen in the elderly female, and can manifest with systemic symptoms. Chest CT usually reveals multiple nodules and GGO. It shows similar morphological characteristics to those found in lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry and gene rearrangement test can help to differentiate it from other @entity358 .

title: [The clinicopathological analysis of pulmonary parenchymal involvement of multicentric @entity12692 ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of the disease']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's disease"]

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lymphoproliferative diseases']

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['Castleman's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinicopathological features of pulmonary parenchymal involvement of multicentric @entity12692 ( @entity2826 ). METHODS: Retrospective analysis was carried out for 6 @entity1 of @entity2826 with pulmonary parenchymal involvement who had been admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2008 to March 2013. Relevant literatures were reviewed. The diagnosis was established by surgical lung biopsy and all specimens were fixed in neutral @entity406 and embedded in paraffin. Sections were cut for HE and immunohistochemical stain. B cell and T cell gene rearrangement were tested in 3 cases. RESULTS: These 6 @entity1 (all females) aged 31-68 years, with a median of 49.5 years. The presenting symptoms were @entity221 (4/6), cough (3/6), and @entity3329 (6/6). Laboratory study showed elevated ESR (5/6) and CRP (4/6), and hypergammaglobulinaemia (2/6). Chest CT showed multiple nodules with perilymphatic distribution and ground-glass opacity (GGO). Pathologically, there were 5 cases of plasma cell type and 1 case of hyaline vascular type. The plasma cell variant showed dense mature plasma cell infiltration in pulmonary interstitium. The hyaline vascular variant was characterized by the presence of regressed germinal centers and broad concentric mantle zones. The gene arrangement tests were all negative. During the follow-up period (range: 2-60 months; mean: 31 months), 2 cases with plasma cell type received @entity3726 chemotherapy and then remained stable. One case with hyaline vascular type received @entity3726 chemotherapy but died due to @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: In the thorax, @entity12692 usually manifests as hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement. Pulmonary parenchymal involvement by @entity2826 is very rare. It is mostly seen in the elderly female, and can manifest with systemic symptoms. Chest CT usually reveals multiple nodules and GGO. It shows similar morphological characteristics to those found in lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry and gene rearrangement test can help to differentiate it from other @entity358 .

title: [The clinicopathological analysis of pulmonary parenchymal involvement of multicentric XXXX ( @entity12692 )].

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['giant lymph node hyperplasia']


abstract: The role of preoperative intrauterine brachytherapy (BT) in the multidisciplinary treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is controversial. In 2005, a prospective randomized multicenter study was initiated in Hungary in order to explore the potential advantages of preoperative @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) BT. In this article we evaluate the efficiency of preoperative @entity1168 BT by the rate of pathologic complete remission (pCR) in the first 185 @entity1 enrolled in the study at the National Institute of Oncology and at the Uzsoki Municipal Cancer Center in collaboration with the 1st Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. In arm A, @entity1 received 2x8Gy preoperative intracavitary @entity1168 BT, while in arm B no preoperative treatment was given. In both arms @entity1 underwent radical Wertheim (Piver III) hysterectomy. The pCR rate was 25.7% after preoperative @entity1168 BT, while it was only 11.2% with surgery alone (p=0.03), in these cases the @entity5 was eliminated during the diagnostic excision or conisation. The rate of positive surgical margins was 1.5% after preoperative BT, while it was as high as 11.4% without preoperative @entity138 (p=0.02). There was no significant difference in the @entity5 control (LTC), distant metastases free survival (DMFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between the two arms. According to our preliminary results preoperative intracavitary @entity1168 BT significantly increases the rate of pCR and decreases the rate of positive surgical margins in @entity1 with @entity5 . Longer follow-up is required to establish the possible impact of pCR on the ultimate LTC and @entity1349 .

title: Pathologic Complete Remission after Preoperative High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy in @entity1 with Operable XXXX : Preliminary Results of a Prospective Randomized Multicenter Study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ESCC', 'local tumor', 'early stage cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: The role of preoperative intrauterine brachytherapy (BT) in the multidisciplinary treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is controversial. In 2005, a prospective randomized multicenter study was initiated in Hungary in order to explore the potential advantages of preoperative @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) BT. In this article we evaluate the efficiency of preoperative @entity1168 BT by the rate of pathologic complete remission (pCR) in the first 185 @entity1 enrolled in the study at the National Institute of Oncology and at the Uzsoki Municipal Cancer Center in collaboration with the 1st Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. In arm A, @entity1 received 2x8Gy preoperative intracavitary @entity1168 BT, while in arm B no preoperative treatment was given. In both arms @entity1 underwent radical Wertheim (Piver III) hysterectomy. The pCR rate was 25.7% after preoperative @entity1168 BT, while it was only 11.2% with surgery alone (p=0.03), in these cases the @entity5 was eliminated during the diagnostic excision or conisation. The rate of positive surgical margins was 1.5% after preoperative BT, while it was as high as 11.4% without preoperative @entity138 (p=0.02). There was no significant difference in the @entity5 control (LTC), distant metastases free survival (DMFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between the two arms. According to our preliminary results preoperative intracavitary @entity1168 BT significantly increases the rate of pCR and decreases the rate of positive surgical margins in @entity1 with @entity5 . Longer follow-up is required to establish the possible impact of pCR on the ultimate LTC and @entity1349 .

title: Pathologic Complete Remission after Preoperative High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy in XXXX with Operable @entity5 : Preliminary Results of a Prospective Randomized Multicenter Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the determinants of short-term and long-term survival in adult @entity1 admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS: This population-based, observational cohort study included all eleven adult ICUs in the Winnipeg Health Region of Manitoba, Canada, analyzing initial ICU admissions during the period 1999-2010 of all Manitobans >= 17 years old. Analysis included Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable regression models of 30-day mortality and post-90-day survival among those who survived to day 90. We used likelihood ratios to compare the predictive power of clusters of variables in these models. RESULTS: After 33,324 initial ICU admissions, mortality rates within 30 and 90 days were 15.9 and 19.5 %, respectively. The survival curve demonstrated an early phase with a high rate of @entity204 , followed by a markedly lower @entity204 rate that was only clearly established after several months. 30-day mortality was predominantly determined by characteristics of the acute illness; with its relative contribution set at 1.00, the next largest contributors were age (0.19) and comorbidity (0.16). In contrast, post-90-day mortality was mainly determined by age (relative contribution 1.00) and comorbidity (0.95); the next largest contributor was characteristics of acute illness (0.28). CONCLUSIONS: We observed two phases of survival related to @entity3124 . Short-term mortality was mainly determined by the acute illness, but its effect decayed relatively rapidly. Mortality beyond 3 months, among those who survived to that point, was mainly determined by age and comorbidity. Recognition of these findings is relevant to discussions with @entity1 and surrogates about achievable goals of care.

title: Distinct determinants of long-term and short-term survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: Cases of congenitally missing and delayed @entity203 of the maxillary first molar are rare. However, in recent years, we have experienced cases of suspected delayed @entity203 of or congenitally missing first molars. The purpose of this study was to analyze the formation of delayed erupted maxillary first molars (M1) (>2 standard deviations), which play important roles in occlusion, and normal @entity203 of the maxillary first molars (U6). The frequency of M1 among @entity1 born between 1974 and 1994 in one institution with a clear total @entity1 number and personal oral histories was 1.55  % [80  % bilateral @entity203 in 8 of 806 male @entity1 (0.99  %) and 23 of 1195 female @entity1 (1.92  %)]. To evaluate the formation and @entity203 of M1 according to Moorrees's tooth formation stages, panoramic X-ray films were obtained every year for 73 @entity1 with M1 from 3 institutions (20 male and 53 female @entity1 , total 131 M1s) without systematic histories or @entity74 . The development/growth curve of M1 was fitted to both the logistic curve and U6 curve. The M1 development/growth curve was started behind with U6 curve; however, the straight part of the M1 curve exhibited steep inclination compared with the straight part of the U6 curve. The curve of the @entity203 pathway of M1 also exhibited a sigmoid S shape. These results indicate that the development and migration speed of M1 are faster than that of U6, excluding the delayed start point. These results may help orthodontists in treatment planning for @entity1 with M1.

title: Formation and development of maxillary first molars with delayed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruption']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

answer: @entity203 :: (MESH:D003875,Disease) :: ['eruption']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A number of studies showed @entity73 in @entity162 @entity1 but few researches have studied the impact of mood episodes or duration of @entity221 on neuropsychological functioning. METHODS: Cognitive functioning was examined in 110 @entity162 outpatients with different mood state ( @entity162 , @entity308 , mixed episode and euthymia). The neuropsychological battery included The Visual Search Test, @entity2205 Making Test, Corsi Test, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Cognitive Estimation Task (CET) and Tower of London and it assessed attention, memory and executive/planning functions. Failures in the different cognitive tests were compared between groups using   (2) tests with Bonferroni's corrections. Finally a binary logistic regression was performed in order to find an eventual association between age and duration of @entity221 and CET bizarreness. RESULTS: All the symptomatic @entity1 ( @entity162 , @entity308 , mixed) failed more frequently The Visual Search Test in comparison with euthymics (  (2)=9.882, df=3, p=0.017, phi=0.30; rate of failures: @entity162 @entity1 32.2%, @entity308 @entity1 30.6%, euthymics 0%, mixed @entity1 18.2%). CET was performed worse by @entity162 and euthymic @entity1 (  (2)=10.086, df=3, p=0.015, phi=0.31; rate of failures: @entity162 @entity1 46.4%, @entity308 @entity1 22.9%, euthymics 52.1%, mixed @entity1 18.2%). Finally, a longer duration of @entity221 was found to be predictive of more bizarreness at CET (OR=1.06, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar @entity1 present impairment in different cognitive domains even in euthymic phases. @entity75 might be associated with a long duration of @entity221 as shown by number of bizarreness at CET in chronic @entity162 @entity1 .

title: The impact of mood episodes and duration of XXXX on @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar 1', 'mania', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Frontal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A number of studies showed @entity73 in @entity162 @entity1 but few researches have studied the impact of mood episodes or duration of @entity221 on neuropsychological functioning. METHODS: Cognitive functioning was examined in 110 @entity162 outpatients with different mood state ( @entity162 , @entity308 , mixed episode and euthymia). The neuropsychological battery included The Visual Search Test, @entity2205 Making Test, Corsi Test, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Cognitive Estimation Task (CET) and Tower of London and it assessed attention, memory and executive/planning functions. Failures in the different cognitive tests were compared between groups using   (2) tests with Bonferroni's corrections. Finally a binary logistic regression was performed in order to find an eventual association between age and duration of @entity221 and CET bizarreness. RESULTS: All the symptomatic @entity1 ( @entity162 , @entity308 , mixed) failed more frequently The Visual Search Test in comparison with euthymics (  (2)=9.882, df=3, p=0.017, phi=0.30; rate of failures: @entity162 @entity1 32.2%, @entity308 @entity1 30.6%, euthymics 0%, mixed @entity1 18.2%). CET was performed worse by @entity162 and euthymic @entity1 (  (2)=10.086, df=3, p=0.015, phi=0.31; rate of failures: @entity162 @entity1 46.4%, @entity308 @entity1 22.9%, euthymics 52.1%, mixed @entity1 18.2%). Finally, a longer duration of @entity221 was found to be predictive of more bizarreness at CET (OR=1.06, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar @entity1 present impairment in different cognitive domains even in euthymic phases. @entity75 might be associated with a long duration of @entity221 as shown by number of bizarreness at CET in chronic @entity162 @entity1 .

title: The impact of mood episodes and duration of @entity221 on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognition in bipolar disorder']


abstract: @entity5115 comprise a constellation of rare clinicopathologic diagnoses characterized by intractable watery diarrhea and @entity177 to thrive in @entity1 . These diagnoses include, but are not limited to, @entity5115 ( @entity5115 ), @entity2803 ( @entity2803 ), and enteroendocrine cell dysgenesis (EED). Commonly, the diagnosis is based on identification of their characteristic histologic and/or ultrastructural features in small intestinal mucosa. In cases in which the changes in the small intestine are inconclusive or a small intestine biopsy is not performed, the diagnosis can be hampered or significantly delayed. We describe the histologic features and immunohistochemical staining patterns of @entity356 in @entity1 with confirmed @entity5115 (3), @entity2803 (2), and EED (1). Specifically, focal epithelial tufts were found in the gastric mucosa of one @entity5115 @entity1 and multifocally in the colonic mucosa of another. All @entity5115 @entity1 showed complete loss of membranous epithelial @entity5960 expression in @entity356 , characteristic of the diagnosis. Gastric biopsies were available in 1 @entity1 with @entity2803 ; this showed focal disruption of the gastric glandular architecture. Three colon biopsies and 1 resection from 2 @entity1 with @entity2803 showed characteristic cytoplasmic vacuoles and periodic acid-Schiff/villin-positive cytoplasmic inclusions. Chromogranin stains showed complete absence of enteroendocrine cells within the colon and a normal distribution in the gastric mucosa of the EED @entity1 . On the basis of our findings, we conclude that the characteristic histologic and immunohistochemical features associated with the small intestine can be confirmed within the gastric and/or colonic mucosa by careful histologic examination and immunohistochemistry.

title: Features of XXXX in Congenital Enteropathies: A Study in Histology and Immunohistochemistry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['microvillous inclusion disease', 'MID']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['tufting enteropathy', 'TE', 'Congenital enteropathies']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and colonic mucosa']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric and Colonic Mucosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity454 ( @entity454 ) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). OBJECTIVES: To analyze the outcome and prognostic factors of renal transplantation in @entity1 with @entity454 due to @entity1252 from January 1986 to December 2013 in a single center. RESULTS: Fifty renal transplantations were performed in 40 @entity1252 @entity1 (32 female (80%), mean age at transplantation 36  10.4 years). The most frequent @entity8 was type IV (72.2%). @entity177 occurred in a total of 15 (30%) transplantations and the causes of graft failure were @entity740 (n=12), acute rejection (n=2), and chronic humoral rejection (1). The death-censored graft survival rates were 93.9% at 1 year, 81.5% at 5 years, and 67.6% at the end of study. The presence of deceased donor allograft (P=0.007) and positive anti-HCV antibodies (P=0.001) negatively influence the survival of the renal transplant. The @entity1 survival rate was 91.4% at the end of the study. Recurrence of @entity1988 in renal allograft was observed in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Renal transplantation is a good alternative for renal replacement therapy in @entity1 with @entity1252 . In our cohort, the presence of anti-HCV antibodies and the type of donor source were related to the development of graft failure.

title: XXXX : outcome and prognostic factors in 50 cases from a single centre.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allograft nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Graft failure']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal transplantation in systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that @entity323 ( @entity323 ) is an independent risk factor for @entity66 . Very few studies have evaluated the relationship between @entity323 and risk of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) requiring dialysis. METHODS: A random sample of 1,000,000 individuals from Taiwan's National Health Insurance database was collected. We selected the control group by matching the subjects and controls by age, @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity301 , @entity407 , area of residence, monthly income and index date. We identified 3985 @entity1 with newly-diagnosed @entity323 between 2000 and 2008 and compared them with a matched cohort of 23910 @entity1 without @entity323 . All @entity1 were tracked from the index date to identify which @entity1 subsequently developed a need for dialysis. RESULTS: The incidence rates of dialysis in the @entity323 cohort and comparison groups were 10.85 and 9.06 per 10000 @entity1 -years, respectively. Stratified by age, the incidence rate ratio for dialysis was greater in @entity323 @entity1 aged <50 years (3.16, 95% CI: 1.62-6.19, p = 0.0008) but not in aged 50-64 (0.94, 95% CI: 0.52-1.69, p = 0.8397) and those aged     65 (0.69, 95% CI: 0.32-1.52, p = 0.3594). After adjustment for @entity1 characteristics and medial comorbidities, the adjusted HR for dialysis remained greater in @entity323 @entity1 aged <50 years (adjusted HR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.05-4.11, p<0.05). The log-rank test revealed that @entity323 @entity1 <50-years-old had significantly higher cumulative incidence rates of dialysis than those without (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity323 , especially younger @entity1 , are at an increased risk for @entity454 requiring dialysis later in life.

title: XXXX and risk of @entity454 requiring dialysis: a nationwide population-based study.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['Erectile dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that @entity323 ( @entity323 ) is an independent risk factor for @entity66 . Very few studies have evaluated the relationship between @entity323 and risk of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) requiring dialysis. METHODS: A random sample of 1,000,000 individuals from Taiwan's National Health Insurance database was collected. We selected the control group by matching the subjects and controls by age, @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity301 , @entity407 , area of residence, monthly income and index date. We identified 3985 @entity1 with newly-diagnosed @entity323 between 2000 and 2008 and compared them with a matched cohort of 23910 @entity1 without @entity323 . All @entity1 were tracked from the index date to identify which @entity1 subsequently developed a need for dialysis. RESULTS: The incidence rates of dialysis in the @entity323 cohort and comparison groups were 10.85 and 9.06 per 10000 @entity1 -years, respectively. Stratified by age, the incidence rate ratio for dialysis was greater in @entity323 @entity1 aged <50 years (3.16, 95% CI: 1.62-6.19, p = 0.0008) but not in aged 50-64 (0.94, 95% CI: 0.52-1.69, p = 0.8397) and those aged     65 (0.69, 95% CI: 0.32-1.52, p = 0.3594). After adjustment for @entity1 characteristics and medial comorbidities, the adjusted HR for dialysis remained greater in @entity323 @entity1 aged <50 years (adjusted HR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.05-4.11, p<0.05). The log-rank test revealed that @entity323 @entity1 <50-years-old had significantly higher cumulative incidence rates of dialysis than those without (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity323 , especially younger @entity1 , are at an increased risk for @entity454 requiring dialysis later in life.

title: @entity323 and risk of XXXX requiring dialysis: a nationwide population-based study.

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end stage renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: @entity21159 ( @entity21159 ) is an uncommon disease of the tracheobronchial system that leads to narrowing of the airway lumen from @entity9384 . The aim of this study is to perform a detailed review of this rare disease in a large cohort of @entity1 with @entity21159 proven by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from China. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed on 41,600 @entity1 who underwent bronchoscopy in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Changhai Hospital between January 2005 and December 2012. Cases of @entity21159 were identified based on characteristic features during bronchoscopic examination. RESULTS: 22 cases of bronchoscopic @entity21159 were identified. Among whom one-half were male and the mean age was 47.45  10.91 years old. The most frequent symptoms at presentation were chronic cough (n=14) and increased sputum production (n=10). @entity854 were observed in 3/18 @entity1 and findings on computed tomography consistent with @entity21159 such as beaded intraluminal calcifications and/or increased luminal thickenings were observed in 18/22 @entity1 . @entity1 were classified into the following categories based on the severity of bronchoscopic findings: Stage I (n=2), Stage II (n=6) and Stage III (n=14). The result that bronchoscopic improvement was observed in 2 @entity1 administered with inhaled corticosteroids suggested that resolution of this disease is possible. CONCLUSIONS: @entity21159 is a benign disease with slow progression, which could be roughly divided into 3 stages on the basis of the characteristic endoscopic features and histopathologic findings. @entity32 was thought to be more important than the other existing plausible hypotheses in the course of @entity21159 . Inhaled corticosteroids might have some impact on @entity1 at Stage I/II.

title: A clinical study of XXXX osteochondroplastica: findings from a large Chinese cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Radiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity21159 :: ('MESH:C536977', 'Disease') :: ['TO', 'Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous and/or osseous submucosal nodules']

answer: @entity21159 :: (MESH:C536977,Disease) :: ['tracheobronchopathia']


abstract: Spinally administered muscarinic receptor agonists or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can produce effective @entity158 relief. However, the analgesic mechanisms and the site of actions of cholinergic agents in the spinal cord are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying cholinergic presynaptic regulation of @entity2227 release onto spinal dorsal horn neurons. The role of spinal @entity1246 (B) receptors in the antinociceptive action of muscarine was also determined. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were performed on visualized dorsal horn neurons in the lamina II in the spinal cord slice preparation of @entity35 . The miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) were recorded in the presence of @entity1022 . The evoked EPSCs (eEPSCs) were obtained by electrical stimulation of the dorsal root entry zone or the attached dorsal root. Nociception in @entity35 was measured using a radiant heat stimulus and the effect of intrathecal administration of drugs tested. @entity934 (10-100 microM) reduced the amplitude of monosynaptic eEPSCs in a concentration-dependent manner. @entity934 also significantly decreased the frequency of non- @entity143 receptor-mediated mEPSCs, which was antagonized by @entity3897 but not @entity6959 . The frequency of @entity1246 (A) receptor-mediated mIPSCs was significantly increased by @entity934 and this excitatory effect was abolished by @entity3897 . Existence of presynaptic M(2) muscarinic receptors in the spinal dorsal horn was further demonstrated by immunocytochemistry staining and dorsal rhizotomy. @entity7234 , a @entity1246 (B) receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of @entity934 on the frequency of mEPSCs and the amplitude of monosynaptic eEPSCs in lamina II neurons. Furthermore, the antinociceptive action produced by intrathecal muscarine was significantly reduced by @entity7234 pretreatment in @entity35 . Therefore, data from this integrated study provide new information that @entity934 inhibits the glutamatergic synaptic input to lamina II neurons through presynaptic muscarinic receptors. Inhibition of @entity2227 release onto lamina II neurons by presynaptic muscarinic and @entity1246 (B) heteroreceptors in the spinal cord probably contributes to the antinociceptive action of cholinergic agents.

title: Role of presynaptic muscarinic and @entity1246 (B) receptors in spinal XXXX release and cholinergic analgesia in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Spinally administered muscarinic receptor agonists or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can produce effective @entity158 relief. However, the analgesic mechanisms and the site of actions of cholinergic agents in the spinal cord are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying cholinergic presynaptic regulation of @entity2227 release onto spinal dorsal horn neurons. The role of spinal @entity1246 (B) receptors in the antinociceptive action of muscarine was also determined. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were performed on visualized dorsal horn neurons in the lamina II in the spinal cord slice preparation of @entity35 . The miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) were recorded in the presence of @entity1022 . The evoked EPSCs (eEPSCs) were obtained by electrical stimulation of the dorsal root entry zone or the attached dorsal root. Nociception in @entity35 was measured using a radiant heat stimulus and the effect of intrathecal administration of drugs tested. @entity934 (10-100 microM) reduced the amplitude of monosynaptic eEPSCs in a concentration-dependent manner. @entity934 also significantly decreased the frequency of non- @entity143 receptor-mediated mEPSCs, which was antagonized by @entity3897 but not @entity6959 . The frequency of @entity1246 (A) receptor-mediated mIPSCs was significantly increased by @entity934 and this excitatory effect was abolished by @entity3897 . Existence of presynaptic M(2) muscarinic receptors in the spinal dorsal horn was further demonstrated by immunocytochemistry staining and dorsal rhizotomy. @entity7234 , a @entity1246 (B) receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of @entity934 on the frequency of mEPSCs and the amplitude of monosynaptic eEPSCs in lamina II neurons. Furthermore, the antinociceptive action produced by intrathecal muscarine was significantly reduced by @entity7234 pretreatment in @entity35 . Therefore, data from this integrated study provide new information that @entity934 inhibits the glutamatergic synaptic input to lamina II neurons through presynaptic muscarinic receptors. Inhibition of @entity2227 release onto lamina II neurons by presynaptic muscarinic and @entity1246 (B) heteroreceptors in the spinal cord probably contributes to the antinociceptive action of cholinergic agents.

title: Role of presynaptic muscarinic and XXXX (B) receptors in spinal @entity2227 release and cholinergic analgesia in @entity35 .

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: Spinally administered muscarinic receptor agonists or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can produce effective @entity158 relief. However, the analgesic mechanisms and the site of actions of cholinergic agents in the spinal cord are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying cholinergic presynaptic regulation of @entity2227 release onto spinal dorsal horn neurons. The role of spinal @entity1246 (B) receptors in the antinociceptive action of muscarine was also determined. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were performed on visualized dorsal horn neurons in the lamina II in the spinal cord slice preparation of @entity35 . The miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) were recorded in the presence of @entity1022 . The evoked EPSCs (eEPSCs) were obtained by electrical stimulation of the dorsal root entry zone or the attached dorsal root. Nociception in @entity35 was measured using a radiant heat stimulus and the effect of intrathecal administration of drugs tested. @entity934 (10-100 microM) reduced the amplitude of monosynaptic eEPSCs in a concentration-dependent manner. @entity934 also significantly decreased the frequency of non- @entity143 receptor-mediated mEPSCs, which was antagonized by @entity3897 but not @entity6959 . The frequency of @entity1246 (A) receptor-mediated mIPSCs was significantly increased by @entity934 and this excitatory effect was abolished by @entity3897 . Existence of presynaptic M(2) muscarinic receptors in the spinal dorsal horn was further demonstrated by immunocytochemistry staining and dorsal rhizotomy. @entity7234 , a @entity1246 (B) receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of @entity934 on the frequency of mEPSCs and the amplitude of monosynaptic eEPSCs in lamina II neurons. Furthermore, the antinociceptive action produced by intrathecal muscarine was significantly reduced by @entity7234 pretreatment in @entity35 . Therefore, data from this integrated study provide new information that @entity934 inhibits the glutamatergic synaptic input to lamina II neurons through presynaptic muscarinic receptors. Inhibition of @entity2227 release onto lamina II neurons by presynaptic muscarinic and @entity1246 (B) heteroreceptors in the spinal cord probably contributes to the antinociceptive action of cholinergic agents.

title: Role of presynaptic muscarinic and @entity1246 (B) receptors in spinal @entity2227 release and cholinergic analgesia in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Cell walls prepared from the endosperm tissue of hydrated lettuce ( @entity12681 .) seeds undergo autohydrolysis. Release of @entity3363 is most rapid (0.4-0.6 [mu]g per endosperm) within the 1st h of incubation in buffer, but substantial autolysis is sustained for at least 10 h. Autolysis is temperature sensitive, and the optimum rate occurs at pH 5. The rate of autolysis increases markedly in the period just prior to radicle emergence. The cell-wall polysaccharide composition in micropylar and lateral endosperm regions differs significantly; the micropylar walls are rich in @entity4583 and @entity413 with substantially lower amounts of @entity3913 . Although walls prepared from both micropylar and lateral regions undergo autolysis, micropylar walls release @entity3363 at a higher rate than lateral walls. Autolysis products elute as large polymers when subjected to size-exclusion chromatography, suggesting that endo-enzyme activity is responsible for release of fragments containing @entity4583 , @entity3649 , @entity3913 , and uronic acids. @entity4583 , @entity3649 , @entity3913 , and @entity413 are also released as monomers. As a function of time, the ratio of polymers to monomers decreases, indicating that exo-enzyme activity is also present. Thermoinhibition or treatment with @entity2271 suppresses germination and reduces the rates of autolysis of walls isolated from the endosperm by about 25%. Treatments that alleviate thermoinhibition (kinetin and @entity9635 ) increase the rates of autolysis by 20 to 30% when compared to thermoinhibited controls.

title: Cell-Wall Autohydrolysis in Isolated Endosperms of Lettuce ( XXXX .).

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity9635 :: ('MESH:C007842', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellic acid']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinose', 'Arabinose']

entities_list: @entity12681 :: ('4236', 'Species') :: ['Lactuca sativa L']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity12681 :: (4236,Species) :: ['Lactuca sativa L']


abstract: We investigated mechanisms involved in inhibition of @entity2829 ( @entity2829 .) leaf-elongation growth following addition of non-penetrating osmolyte to the root medium. The elongation rate of the first true leaf remained inhibited for 4 h after addition of @entity968 ( @entity970 ; -0.5 MPa water potential), despite progressive osmotic adjustment in the growing leaf tissues. Thus, inhibition of leaf growth did not appear to be directly related to loss of leaf capacity to maintain osmotic potential gradients. Comparative cell-wall-extension capacities of immature (still expanding) leaf tissues were measured by creep extensiometry using whole plants. Reductions in irreversible (plastic) extension capacity (i.e. wall hardening) were detected minutes and hours after addition of @entity970 to the roots, by both in vivo and in vitro assay. The onset of the wall-hardening response could be detected by in vitro assay only 2 min after addition of @entity970 . Thus, initiation of wall hardening appeared to precede transcription-regulated responses. The inhibition of both leaf growth and wall-extension capacity was reversed by removal of @entity970 after 4 h. Moreover, wall hardening could be induced by other osmolytes ( @entity2656 , @entity1219 ). Thus, the leaf responses did not appear to be related to any specific (toxic) effect of @entity970 . We conclude that hardening of leaf cell walls is a primary event in the chain of growth regulatory responses to @entity970 -induced water deficits in @entity2829 . The signaling processes by which @entity970 , which is not expected to penetrate root cell walls or membranes, might cause cell-wall hardening in relatively distant leaves was also investigated. Plants with live or killed roots were exposed to @entity970 . The killed roots were presumed to be unable to produce hormonal or electrical signals in response to addition of @entity970 ; however, inhibition of leaf elongation and hardening of leaf cell walls were detected with both live and killed roots. Thus, neither hormonal signaling nor signaling via induced changes in surface electrical potential were necessary, and hydraulic signals appeared to generate the leaf responses.

title: Hydraulic Signals from the Roots and Rapid Cell-Wall Hardening in Growing XXXX ( @entity2829 .) Leaves Are Primary Responses to @entity968 -Induced Water Deficits.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol 6000']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['Maize']


abstract: We investigated mechanisms involved in inhibition of @entity2829 ( @entity2829 .) leaf-elongation growth following addition of non-penetrating osmolyte to the root medium. The elongation rate of the first true leaf remained inhibited for 4 h after addition of @entity968 ( @entity970 ; -0.5 MPa water potential), despite progressive osmotic adjustment in the growing leaf tissues. Thus, inhibition of leaf growth did not appear to be directly related to loss of leaf capacity to maintain osmotic potential gradients. Comparative cell-wall-extension capacities of immature (still expanding) leaf tissues were measured by creep extensiometry using whole plants. Reductions in irreversible (plastic) extension capacity (i.e. wall hardening) were detected minutes and hours after addition of @entity970 to the roots, by both in vivo and in vitro assay. The onset of the wall-hardening response could be detected by in vitro assay only 2 min after addition of @entity970 . Thus, initiation of wall hardening appeared to precede transcription-regulated responses. The inhibition of both leaf growth and wall-extension capacity was reversed by removal of @entity970 after 4 h. Moreover, wall hardening could be induced by other osmolytes ( @entity2656 , @entity1219 ). Thus, the leaf responses did not appear to be related to any specific (toxic) effect of @entity970 . We conclude that hardening of leaf cell walls is a primary event in the chain of growth regulatory responses to @entity970 -induced water deficits in @entity2829 . The signaling processes by which @entity970 , which is not expected to penetrate root cell walls or membranes, might cause cell-wall hardening in relatively distant leaves was also investigated. Plants with live or killed roots were exposed to @entity970 . The killed roots were presumed to be unable to produce hormonal or electrical signals in response to addition of @entity970 ; however, inhibition of leaf elongation and hardening of leaf cell walls were detected with both live and killed roots. Thus, neither hormonal signaling nor signaling via induced changes in surface electrical potential were necessary, and hydraulic signals appeared to generate the leaf responses.

title: Hydraulic Signals from the Roots and Rapid Cell-Wall Hardening in Growing @entity2829 ( XXXX .) Leaves Are Primary Responses to @entity968 -Induced Water Deficits.

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['Zea mays L']


abstract: We investigated mechanisms involved in inhibition of @entity2829 ( @entity2829 .) leaf-elongation growth following addition of non-penetrating osmolyte to the root medium. The elongation rate of the first true leaf remained inhibited for 4 h after addition of @entity968 ( @entity970 ; -0.5 MPa water potential), despite progressive osmotic adjustment in the growing leaf tissues. Thus, inhibition of leaf growth did not appear to be directly related to loss of leaf capacity to maintain osmotic potential gradients. Comparative cell-wall-extension capacities of immature (still expanding) leaf tissues were measured by creep extensiometry using whole plants. Reductions in irreversible (plastic) extension capacity (i.e. wall hardening) were detected minutes and hours after addition of @entity970 to the roots, by both in vivo and in vitro assay. The onset of the wall-hardening response could be detected by in vitro assay only 2 min after addition of @entity970 . Thus, initiation of wall hardening appeared to precede transcription-regulated responses. The inhibition of both leaf growth and wall-extension capacity was reversed by removal of @entity970 after 4 h. Moreover, wall hardening could be induced by other osmolytes ( @entity2656 , @entity1219 ). Thus, the leaf responses did not appear to be related to any specific (toxic) effect of @entity970 . We conclude that hardening of leaf cell walls is a primary event in the chain of growth regulatory responses to @entity970 -induced water deficits in @entity2829 . The signaling processes by which @entity970 , which is not expected to penetrate root cell walls or membranes, might cause cell-wall hardening in relatively distant leaves was also investigated. Plants with live or killed roots were exposed to @entity970 . The killed roots were presumed to be unable to produce hormonal or electrical signals in response to addition of @entity970 ; however, inhibition of leaf elongation and hardening of leaf cell walls were detected with both live and killed roots. Thus, neither hormonal signaling nor signaling via induced changes in surface electrical potential were necessary, and hydraulic signals appeared to generate the leaf responses.

title: Hydraulic Signals from the Roots and Rapid Cell-Wall Hardening in Growing @entity2829 ( @entity2829 .) Leaves Are Primary Responses to XXXX -Induced Water Deficits.

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['Polyethylene Glycol']


abstract: Early quality of life benefits of icodextrin in @entity298 . BACKGROUND: The impact of new therapies on @entity1 quality of life (QOL) is emerging as an important indicator of the value of these therapies. In @entity1 on dialysis, previous QOL evaluations have focused mainly on comparative approaches between modalities, or on longitudinal trends within a modality, but few have evaluated technical innovations or introduction of new therapies. The aim of the present study was to assess the early effects of a new dialysis solution (icodextrin) on the QOL of @entity298 @entity1 . The QOL is compared with that of @entity1 on @entity413 , and the impact of demographic, and clinical characteristics on @entity1 ' QOL is examined. METHODS: The @entity8 quality of life questionnaire (KDQOL) was administered to @entity1 who participated in a phase III double-blind, parallel group, active-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a @entity298 ( @entity298 ) solution containing icodextrin in comparison with @entity413 @entity298 solution. A total of 93 @entity1 (58 icodextrin, and 35 @entity413 ) completed the questionnaire at both baseline and after 13 weeks. In addition to @entity1 QOL, @entity1 ' demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded at both baseline and 13 weeks. RESULTS: Mean change scores from baseline to 13 weeks of icodextrin @entity1 were substantially higher (> or =5) than @entity413 , particularly with respect to general health perception, physical functioning, role-physical, and many KDQOL symptom items such as lack of strength, washed out or drained, lack of appetite, @entity1163 or @entity1296 , dry skin, cramps after an exchange or treatment, cramps during an exchange or treatment, and @entity2473 or twitching. At 13 weeks, icodextrin @entity1 had significantly improved symptoms, and rated their health in general higher than those @entity1 in the @entity413 group. Upon multivariate analysis, icodextrin contributed significantly to the improvement of @entity1 ' mental health, general health, and symptoms such as @entity2473 or twitching, cramps during an exchange or treatment, cramps after an exchange or treatment, itchy skin, and @entity1163 or @entity1296 . CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal dialysis @entity1 treated with icodextrin experienced substantial quality of life improvement at 13 weeks after the start of treatment when compared to @entity413 @entity1 . Further research is necessary to determine @entity1 ' quality of life over time in a longitudinal study setting.

title: Early quality of life benefits of icodextrin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['faintness']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['muscle spasms']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the head and neck after adequate resection of @entity5 and neck dissection is a challenge. It should be performed at one sitting in advanced @entity5 . Defects caused by the resection should be closed with flaps which match in color, texture and hair bearing characteristics with the face. Cervicopectoral flap is a one such flap from chest and neck skin mainly used to cover the cheek defects. METHODS: This study included twelve @entity1 presenting with @entity135 to Izmir Ataturk Training Hospital and Adnan Menderes University Hospital. @entity5 resection and neck dissection was performed in one session by the same surgeon. A single incision was made and a medially based cervicopectoral fascio-cutaneous flap was used for surgical exposure in neck dissection and for closure of defects after @entity5 resection. RESULTS: There was no major complication. Two flaps had partial superficial epidermolysis at the suture line. Good aesthetic and functional results were achieved. CONCLUSION: The cervicopectoral flap is an excellent alternative for the reconstruction of head and neck. Harvesting and application of the flap is rapid and safe. Only a single incision is sufficient for dissection and flap elevation. This flap achieves perfect surgical exposure, makes neck dissection easy and allows one to perform both @entity5 resection and neck dissection in one session.

title: Cervicopectoral flap in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the head and neck']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of domestic @entity136 in the treatment of @entity1 with stage IIIB approximately IV @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: 124 @entity1149 @entity1 were randomized into three groups: Group A: single drug group, 40 cases, @entity136 1 000 mg/m(2) + NS 100 ml or 200 ml was infused within 30 approximately 60 minutes on D1, 8 and 15, with 28 days taken as one cycle. Group B: combined treatment group, 36 cases, in addition to the above protocol, @entity900 30 mg/m(2) was infused within 60 approximately 120 min, on @entity70825 . Group C: combined control group: 39 cases, the protocol applied was the same as group B except domestic @entity136 being replaced by imported gemzar. The efficacy and side effects of treatment were evaluated after 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: 115 @entity1 could be evaluated for response rate. PR was observed in 9/40 (22.5%) of group A, 15/36 (41.6%) in group B and 15/39 (38.36%) in group C. There was no significant difference of PR rates between group B and group C (P = 0.552). 117 @entity1 who received the second cycle of treatment were evaluated for @entity137 . The incidence of grade III approximately IV @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity1277 was much higher in group B. @entity1503 of groups B and C was higher than that of group A. There was no significant difference between groups B and C. CONCLUSION: The efficacy and incidence of side effects between domestic @entity136 and the imported gemzar are similar.

title: [Phase II clinical trial on @entity136 in the treatment of stage IIIB-IV XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of domestic @entity136 in the treatment of @entity1 with stage IIIB approximately IV @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: 124 @entity1149 @entity1 were randomized into three groups: Group A: single drug group, 40 cases, @entity136 1 000 mg/m(2) + NS 100 ml or 200 ml was infused within 30 approximately 60 minutes on D1, 8 and 15, with 28 days taken as one cycle. Group B: combined treatment group, 36 cases, in addition to the above protocol, @entity900 30 mg/m(2) was infused within 60 approximately 120 min, on @entity70825 . Group C: combined control group: 39 cases, the protocol applied was the same as group B except domestic @entity136 being replaced by imported gemzar. The efficacy and side effects of treatment were evaluated after 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: 115 @entity1 could be evaluated for response rate. PR was observed in 9/40 (22.5%) of group A, 15/36 (41.6%) in group B and 15/39 (38.36%) in group C. There was no significant difference of PR rates between group B and group C (P = 0.552). 117 @entity1 who received the second cycle of treatment were evaluated for @entity137 . The incidence of grade III approximately IV @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity1277 was much higher in group B. @entity1503 of groups B and C was higher than that of group A. There was no significant difference between groups B and C. CONCLUSION: The efficacy and incidence of side effects between domestic @entity136 and the imported gemzar are similar.

title: [Phase II clinical trial on XXXX in the treatment of stage IIIB-IV @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of @entity2259 at Sanatorio Mitre, Buenos Aires, Argentina. METHODS: One-hundred-and-seven episodes of @entity2259 were prospectively analyzed from 1993 to 1998. Demographics, clinical and microbiological variables were studied. RESULTS: Eighty-one @entity1 (76%) were adults and 26 @entity1 (24%). Most cases (98%) were acquired in the community. Seventy-nine @entity1 (74%) had at least one underlying condition. The primary source of @entity2259 was found in 91 @entity1 (85%), the lungs being the most common source. @entity328 was isolated from one sterile site other than the primary focus in 25 @entity1 (23%). Eighty-five (79%) of the @entity328 were susceptible to @entity114 and 22 (21%) showed intermediate or high resistance to @entity114 and 2% were additionally resistant to @entity2756 . Initial antimicrobial therapy was appropriate in 95% of the cases. The overall mortality was 21%, however adults admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) had higher mortality (81%). No @entity1 under 14 years old died. Multivariate analysis showed that age and recovery of the organisms from a sterile site other than the primary focus were statistically significant predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION: @entity7706 continue to be an important worldwide problem causing morbidity and high mortality despite supportive care and appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

title: XXXX in a single center in Argentina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteremic pneumococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'pneumococcal bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Pneumococcal bacteremia']


abstract: AIMS: We investigated changes in the distribution of @entity167 consumption by education and marital status in Russia during the period of societal transformation after 1990. Such changes would indicate the potential role of @entity167 in the rising social inequalities in mortality. METHODS: We analysed data from three surveys in random population samples conducted in Novosibirsk as part of the WHO MONICA project in 1985/86 (1533 @entity1 , 1292 @entity1 ), 1988/89 (1700 @entity1 , no @entity1 ) and 1994/95 (1526 @entity1 , 1510 @entity1 ), coinciding with the period of societal transformation. Four measures of drinking were examined in relation to education and marital status: prevalence of drinking at least twice a week; the mean intake in the last week; the mean intake per drinking occasion; and the prevalence of binge drinking (>80 g @entity1068 for @entity1 and >60 g for @entity1 ) at least once a month. RESULTS: Among @entity1 , those with university education had the lowest levels of all measures of drinking. Drinking indices increased over time in all educational groups but most sharply in @entity1 with high education, thus leading to a smaller education-related difference in the last survey. With respect to marital status, divorced and widowed @entity1 tended to drink most, but the pattern was inconsistent, and the difference between divorced and married @entity1 also narrowed over time. Among @entity1 , @entity167 intake increased between the first and last survey. Differences by education and marital status in @entity1 were smaller than in @entity1 , and binge drinking was inversely related to education. CONCLUSIONS: All indices of @entity167 consumption in @entity1 increased between the mid 1980s and the mid 1990s. The increase in @entity167 intake among @entity1 was proportionally similar across categories of education and marital status but the absolute differences increased. The contribution of @entity167 to the increase in social differentials in mortality in the 1990s was probably modest.

title: Trends in XXXX intake by education and marital status in urban population in Russia between the mid 1980s and the mid 1990s.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: A case of a 50-year-old, right-handed female, mono-lingual native Spanish-speaker with a university-level education and cognitive changes is reported. Over approximately 2 years, she presented with a progressive deterioration of writing abilities associated with @entity1056 and @entity5547 . An MRI disclosed a left parietal temporal @entity194 . Two years later, further significant @entity73 consistent with a @entity303 of the @entity195 was observed. @entity2730 , @entity409 , and @entity8378 were found. Writing was severely impaired, and some difficulties in reading were observed. Copying abilities, however, were relatively well preserved, and the @entity1 could drive and go to different city locations without significant spatial orientation difficulties. A second MRI approximately 2 years later showed that @entity1010 had progressed significantly. Spontaneous writing and writing to dictation were impossible. The ability to read words was preserved, but the ability to read pseudowords was lost. Changes in calligraphy were noted. This case clearly illustrates the progression of focal @entity73 over time and the spread of abnormalities to other domains.

title: Progressive agraphia, @entity1056 , and XXXX : a single case report.

entities_list: @entity8378 :: ('MESH:D020240', 'Disease') :: ['ideomotor apraxia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive defects', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1056 :: ('MESH:D060705', 'Disease') :: ['acalculia']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's type"]

answer: @entity5547 :: (MESH:D000849,Disease) :: ['anomia']


abstract: A case of a 50-year-old, right-handed female, mono-lingual native Spanish-speaker with a university-level education and cognitive changes is reported. Over approximately 2 years, she presented with a progressive deterioration of writing abilities associated with @entity1056 and @entity5547 . An MRI disclosed a left parietal temporal @entity194 . Two years later, further significant @entity73 consistent with a @entity303 of the @entity195 was observed. @entity2730 , @entity409 , and @entity8378 were found. Writing was severely impaired, and some difficulties in reading were observed. Copying abilities, however, were relatively well preserved, and the @entity1 could drive and go to different city locations without significant spatial orientation difficulties. A second MRI approximately 2 years later showed that @entity1010 had progressed significantly. Spontaneous writing and writing to dictation were impossible. The ability to read words was preserved, but the ability to read pseudowords was lost. Changes in calligraphy were noted. This case clearly illustrates the progression of focal @entity73 over time and the spread of abnormalities to other domains.

title: Progressive agraphia, XXXX , and @entity5547 : a single case report.

answer: @entity1056 :: (MESH:D060705,Disease) :: ['acalculia']


abstract: Our preliminary observations on a small group of @entity8511 ( @entity8511 ) @entity1 indicated a change in the non-nociceptive, tactile sensory function in @entity8511 and provided evidence for the hypothesis of a neuropathic etiology of @entity8511 . In the present clinical study on a group of 52 @entity8511 @entity1 , we used quantitative sensory tests (QST) in addition to the blink reflex (BR) recordings in order to gain further insight into the neural mechanisms of @entity158 . Based on electrophysiologic findings, the @entity8511 @entity1 could be grouped into four different categories: (1) The results of the BR were suggestive of brainstem pathology or peripheral trigeminal neuropathy in ten (19%) @entity1 . In most of the cases, the abnormalities in the BR seemed to represent subclinical changes of the trigeminal system. (2) Increased excitability of the BR was found in the form of deficient habituation of the R2 component of the BR in 11 (21%) of the @entity1 . Two of these @entity1 also showed signs of warm @entity1931 in QST. (3) One or more of the sensory thresholds were abnormal indicating thin fiber dysfunction in altogether 35 @entity1 (76%) out of the 46 tested with QST. Thirty-three of these @entity1 showed signs of @entity1183 . (4) There were only five @entity1 with normal findings in both tests. The present findings with strong evidence for neuropathic background in @entity8511 will hopefully provide insights for new therapeutic strategies.

title: Sensory dysfunction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity8511 :: ('MESH:D002054', 'Disease') :: ['BMS', 'burning mouth syndrome']

answer: @entity8511 :: (MESH:D002054,Disease) :: ['burning mouth syndrome']


abstract: Our data suggest that lymph-node size is not a reliable indicator for lymph-node @entity3 in gastric, esophageal, and @entity694 . Despite a significant difference in diameter of metastatic and non-metastatic nodes, the accurate evaluation of lymph-node @entity3 in @entity4056 cannot be determined by nodal size, because the majority of counted lymph nodes is ?5 mm and the frequency of small lymph-node @entity3 is high. Therefore imaging techniques using the size as criterion of nodal infiltration can not exactly assess the nodal status of @entity1 with @entity4056 . For rational lymphadenectomy, the value of sentinel node biopsy in @entity5 is now discussed. At the moment it is too early to apply sentinel node biopsy in order to reduce the extent of lymphadenectomy in these @entity189 [11]. Recent interest has focused on PET scanning in the detection of lymph-node @entity3 . PET represents a potentially ideal imaging modality for @entity5 . It allows a quick and simultaneous assessment of both local and distant sites and, as a result of avid uptake of the @entity413 moiety, may potentially identify small @entity5 loads. There are only limited experience in detecting lymph-node @entity3 in @entity4056 and the results of the published reports are controversially discussed [12, 13]. Our data demonstrate a high frequency of small lymph-node @entity3 in @entity4056 and suggest that a careful histological search for small lymph-node @entity3 should be undertaken to avoid false-negative lymph-node staging. These results emphasize that a reliable pathological @entity5 must be based on a standardized systematic lymphadenectomy because lymph-node sampling based on lymph-node size is not sufficient.

title: Preoperative lymph-node staging in gastrointestinal cancer--correlation between size and XXXX stage.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'staging of gastro-intestinal cancer', 'gastro-intestinal cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-intestinal carcinomas', 'gastro-intestinal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the influence of two different pretreatment intervals, i.e. 3 and 6 min, on the efficacy of 0.01 mg/kg @entity2897 in preventing @entity2900 -induced @entity2901 and @entity925 . METHODS: A total of 60 adult @entity1 were randomized and received either 0.01 mg/kg @entity2897 (0.2*ED(95)) i.v. ( @entity5740 group: pretreatment interval 3 min, @entity24662 group: pretreatment interval 6 min) or normal saline i.v. (placebo group) prior to injection of @entity2900 . The incidence and severity of @entity2901 and @entity925 and side-effects of precurarization were assessed. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity2901 was only reduced in the @entity24662 group (45%) compared with the Placebo group (85%), p<0.05. @entity2897 was associated with a higher incidence of @entity1109 in both pretreatment groups ( @entity5740 : 75%, @entity24662 : 80%) compared with the Placebo group (30%), p<0.05. CONCLUSION: @entity2897 is only effective in preventing @entity2900 -induced @entity2901 when a longer pretreatment interval, i.e. 6 min instead of 3 min, is chosen. Precurarization led to signs of @entity912 in both pretreatment groups in the majority (75-80%) of @entity1 without reducing the incidence or severity of @entity282 .

title: [Precurarization of XXXX with @entity2897 : the influence of the precurarization interval].

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative myalgia']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculations', 'muscle fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity2897 :: ('MESH:C101584', 'Chemical') :: ['cisatracurium', 'Cisatracurium']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity2900 :: (MESH:D013390,Chemical) :: ['succinylcholine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the influence of two different pretreatment intervals, i.e. 3 and 6 min, on the efficacy of 0.01 mg/kg @entity2897 in preventing @entity2900 -induced @entity2901 and @entity925 . METHODS: A total of 60 adult @entity1 were randomized and received either 0.01 mg/kg @entity2897 (0.2*ED(95)) i.v. ( @entity5740 group: pretreatment interval 3 min, @entity24662 group: pretreatment interval 6 min) or normal saline i.v. (placebo group) prior to injection of @entity2900 . The incidence and severity of @entity2901 and @entity925 and side-effects of precurarization were assessed. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity2901 was only reduced in the @entity24662 group (45%) compared with the Placebo group (85%), p<0.05. @entity2897 was associated with a higher incidence of @entity1109 in both pretreatment groups ( @entity5740 : 75%, @entity24662 : 80%) compared with the Placebo group (30%), p<0.05. CONCLUSION: @entity2897 is only effective in preventing @entity2900 -induced @entity2901 when a longer pretreatment interval, i.e. 6 min instead of 3 min, is chosen. Precurarization led to signs of @entity912 in both pretreatment groups in the majority (75-80%) of @entity1 without reducing the incidence or severity of @entity282 .

title: [Precurarization of @entity2900 with XXXX : the influence of the precurarization interval].

answer: @entity2897 :: (MESH:C101584,Chemical) :: ['cisatracurium']


abstract: Because quantitative ultrasound (QUS) instruments from different manufacturers have significant technical differences, it is difficult to assess whether all of them can discriminate similarly between @entity3604 and age-matched controls. Thus, to avoid any bias, reliable comparative assessment of the QUS devices should be carried out on the same population. Few studies have fulfilled this condition. Another source of variability in cross-sectional studies in which @entity174 and nonfractured subjects are compared is the time since @entity3604 . Our study evaluated the ability of three calcaneal QUS devices to discriminate @entity1 with @entity173 from control subjects, using the same population. In addition, a subset of @entity1 was re-measured about 9 months after the hip replacement surgery to check how the time since @entity174 affects the discriminatory ability of the different QUS devices. Fifty postmenopausal @entity173 @entity1 and 46 postmenopausal age-matched controls were included in this study and measured on three QUS devices, as well as 50 young healthy controls to calculate the T-score. Odds ratio results showed that a decrease in UBIS trade mark BUA of 1 SD was associated with a significant increase in @entity174 risk (odds ratio adjusted = 2.30) comparable with Sahara broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) (OR adj. = 2.30), and Achilles BUA (OR adj. = 3.5). However, given the large overlap between the 95% intervals of each OR and for the areas under ROC curves, no significant difference was found between them. In the subset of 15 @entity173 subjects, no significant differences were found between ultrasound parameters of the first visit and 9 months after except for the heel width (soft tissue variation). Odds ratio and areas under the curve (AUC) tend to increase from visit 1 to 2 for the BUA and decrease substantially for the SOS for all but the Lunar Achilles+. Nonsignificant correlation was found between the absolute difference of the ultrasound parameters measured at the two visits and the time since @entity174 , except for the Sahara SOS (r = 0.45; P < 0.04). In conclusion, no significant differences between QUS technologies were observed in their positive and significant ability to discriminate @entity173 @entity1 from controls. However, this statement is shadowed when taking into account the time since @entity174 which seems to negatively influence results obtained on dry versus wet QUS systems. As a result, it is advisable that such parameters would be taken into account when designing a study aimed to demonstrate the discriminatory ability of heel ultrasound between normal and @entity173 @entity1 .

title: Is time since @entity173 influencing the discrimination between XXXX and nonfractured subjects as assessed at the calcaneum by three technologically different quantitative ultrasound devices?

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip-fractured', 'osteoporotic hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractured']


abstract: Because quantitative ultrasound (QUS) instruments from different manufacturers have significant technical differences, it is difficult to assess whether all of them can discriminate similarly between @entity3604 and age-matched controls. Thus, to avoid any bias, reliable comparative assessment of the QUS devices should be carried out on the same population. Few studies have fulfilled this condition. Another source of variability in cross-sectional studies in which @entity174 and nonfractured subjects are compared is the time since @entity3604 . Our study evaluated the ability of three calcaneal QUS devices to discriminate @entity1 with @entity173 from control subjects, using the same population. In addition, a subset of @entity1 was re-measured about 9 months after the hip replacement surgery to check how the time since @entity174 affects the discriminatory ability of the different QUS devices. Fifty postmenopausal @entity173 @entity1 and 46 postmenopausal age-matched controls were included in this study and measured on three QUS devices, as well as 50 young healthy controls to calculate the T-score. Odds ratio results showed that a decrease in UBIS trade mark BUA of 1 SD was associated with a significant increase in @entity174 risk (odds ratio adjusted = 2.30) comparable with Sahara broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) (OR adj. = 2.30), and Achilles BUA (OR adj. = 3.5). However, given the large overlap between the 95% intervals of each OR and for the areas under ROC curves, no significant difference was found between them. In the subset of 15 @entity173 subjects, no significant differences were found between ultrasound parameters of the first visit and 9 months after except for the heel width (soft tissue variation). Odds ratio and areas under the curve (AUC) tend to increase from visit 1 to 2 for the BUA and decrease substantially for the SOS for all but the Lunar Achilles+. Nonsignificant correlation was found between the absolute difference of the ultrasound parameters measured at the two visits and the time since @entity174 , except for the Sahara SOS (r = 0.45; P < 0.04). In conclusion, no significant differences between QUS technologies were observed in their positive and significant ability to discriminate @entity173 @entity1 from controls. However, this statement is shadowed when taking into account the time since @entity174 which seems to negatively influence results obtained on dry versus wet QUS systems. As a result, it is advisable that such parameters would be taken into account when designing a study aimed to demonstrate the discriminatory ability of heel ultrasound between normal and @entity173 @entity1 .

title: Is time since XXXX influencing the discrimination between @entity174 and nonfractured subjects as assessed at the calcaneum by three technologically different quantitative ultrasound devices?

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: Endocrine cell @entity189 , according to the Japanese classification criteria for @entity14 , @entity3270 ( @entity3270 ) and mixed @entity189 (MANEC), as defined in the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features of @entity1 with these @entity5 diagnosed and treated at our institution. METHODS: The clinicopathological @entity8703 of the colon and rectum diagnosed by neuroendocrine markers from January 2000 to December 2012 were retrospectively evaluated in 12 @entity1 . RESULTS: Surgical specimens were obtained from eight of the 12 @entity1 . MANEC was diagnosed in six @entity1 and @entity3270 in one. One @entity5 was unclassifiable. The @entity5 were not resected in four @entity1 , and all died within 3  months. Of the eight @entity1 who underwent resection, four received an R0 resection, two of whom underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and survived more than 5  years. One @entity1 who underwent an R2 resection and continuous chemotherapy survived for 53  months. One @entity1 with @entity3270 underwent surgery and radiotherapy, and died 17  months later. CONCLUSION: Most endocrine cell @entity694 reviewed were MANECs. Though their prognosis was generally poor, chemotherapy may be effective in some @entity1 .

title: Endocrine cell XXXX : a clinicopathological evaluation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['features of endocrine cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas of the colon and rectum']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'corresponds to neuroendocrine carcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['carcinomas of the colon and rectum']


abstract: In order to determine whether angiogenesis is a prognostic marker in @entity2 , we performed a systematic review of the literature to assess the prognostic value on survival of microvessel count in @entity1 with @entity2 . Published studies were identified by an electronic search in order to aggregate survival results, after a methodological assessment using a quality scale designed by the European Lung Cancer Working Party. To be eligible, a study had to deal with microvessel count assessment in @entity2 @entity1 on the primary site and to provide survival analysis according to microvessel count expression. Microvessel count has been assessed on surgical samples by immunohistochemistry using factor VIII in 14 studies, @entity2280 in 10 and @entity2279 in eight. Respectively 1866, 1440 and 1093 @entity1149 @entity1 were considered. The overall median quality scores were respectively 52, 59 and 59% for studies assessing microvessel count via factor VIII, @entity2280 and @entity2279 , without significant difference between studies evaluable or not for meta-analysis nor between studies with significant or non significant results. Seven 'factor VIII' studies, nine ' @entity2280 ' and seven ' @entity2279 ' provided sufficient data allowing a meta-analysis on survival and were evaluable for results aggregation. This showed that a high microvessel count in the primitive @entity5 was a statistically significant poor prognostic factor for survival in @entity1149 whatever it was assessed by factor VIII (HR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.16-2.84), @entity2280 (HR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.53-2.58) or @entity2279 (HR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.10-2.96). Variations in survival among the individual studies can be explained in addition to @entity1 selection criteria by the heterogeneous methodologies used to stain and count microvessels: different antibody clones, identification of 'hotspots', Weidner or Chalkey counting method, cut-off selection. Microvessel count, reflecting the angiogenesis, appears to be a poor prognostic factor for survival in surgically treated @entity1149 but standardisation of angiogenesis assessment by the microvessel count is necessary.

title: The role of microvessel density on the survival of @entity1 with XXXX : a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'non small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: In order to determine whether angiogenesis is a prognostic marker in @entity2 , we performed a systematic review of the literature to assess the prognostic value on survival of microvessel count in @entity1 with @entity2 . Published studies were identified by an electronic search in order to aggregate survival results, after a methodological assessment using a quality scale designed by the European Lung Cancer Working Party. To be eligible, a study had to deal with microvessel count assessment in @entity2 @entity1 on the primary site and to provide survival analysis according to microvessel count expression. Microvessel count has been assessed on surgical samples by immunohistochemistry using factor VIII in 14 studies, @entity2280 in 10 and @entity2279 in eight. Respectively 1866, 1440 and 1093 @entity1149 @entity1 were considered. The overall median quality scores were respectively 52, 59 and 59% for studies assessing microvessel count via factor VIII, @entity2280 and @entity2279 , without significant difference between studies evaluable or not for meta-analysis nor between studies with significant or non significant results. Seven 'factor VIII' studies, nine ' @entity2280 ' and seven ' @entity2279 ' provided sufficient data allowing a meta-analysis on survival and were evaluable for results aggregation. This showed that a high microvessel count in the primitive @entity5 was a statistically significant poor prognostic factor for survival in @entity1149 whatever it was assessed by factor VIII (HR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.16-2.84), @entity2280 (HR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.53-2.58) or @entity2279 (HR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.10-2.96). Variations in survival among the individual studies can be explained in addition to @entity1 selection criteria by the heterogeneous methodologies used to stain and count microvessels: different antibody clones, identification of 'hotspots', Weidner or Chalkey counting method, cut-off selection. Microvessel count, reflecting the angiogenesis, appears to be a poor prognostic factor for survival in surgically treated @entity1149 but standardisation of angiogenesis assessment by the microvessel count is necessary.

title: The role of microvessel density on the survival of XXXX with @entity2 : a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe patterns of @entity10523 ( @entity10523 ) in a sample of young adult @entity1 and to identify factors distinguishing between @entity1 who do and do not practice @entity10523 . DESIGN: A comparative descriptive design with a convenience sample of 191 adult @entity1 aged 18-35 years, recruited from a large industrial complex in the U.S. Midwest. Data were collected during several occupational health fairs held from 1999-2001. METHODS: A self-report, 75-item health risk appraisal (HRA) was administered to identify health-related lifestyle habits. @entity1 who did and did not perform @entity10523 regularly were compared using Mann-Whitney U statistics for discrete variables and t tests for continuous data. Discriminant function analysis was used to identify factors allowing prediction of frequent or infrequent @entity10523 performance. FINDINGS: Sixty-four percent of 191 @entity1 reported rarely or never performing @entity10523 , and 36% practiced @entity10523 monthly or every few months. @entity1 who infrequently performed @entity10523 were more often African American or Hispanic and had less than a college education. Other significant factors associated with infrequent @entity10523 practice included less satisfaction with current job assignment; less satisfaction with life in general; greater worries interfering with daily life; more serious family problems in dealing with spouse, @entity1 , or parents; and reduced availability of @entity1 to turn to for support. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic and socioeconomic variables were related to @entity10523 knowledge and performance. Further investigation is required to determine why @entity1 , especially ethnic minority @entity1 , are not performing this important cancer-screening activity.

title: Testicular self-examination in young adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['testicular self-examination', 'TSE']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Men', 'people', 'men']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Decreased natriuretic peptides are risk factors for @entity6 . As a physiological activator of natriuretic peptides, @entity13381 may play a role in @entity413 metabolism. Here, we aimed to test the hypothesis in a general population of China. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A population study in Suzhou, China. @entity1 : A total of 2498 @entity1 aged above 30   years were included in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES: The association between serum soluble @entity13381 and hyperglycaemia was examined in @entity1 and @entity1 , using non-conditional logistic regression models, respectively. RESULTS: Serum soluble @entity13381 , in @entity1 and @entity1 , was significantly higher in @entity1 with hyperglycaemia than in those without (all p<0.001). OR of hyperglycaemia positively and significantly increased with serum soluble @entity13381 quartiles, in @entity1 (p for trend <0.001) and in @entity1 (p for trend=0.050), even after multivariate adjustment. @entity1 with a serum soluble @entity13381 , in @entity1 (OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.23) and @entity1 (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.61), over the median level, were more likely to have hyperglycaemia compared with the remaining @entity1 , after controlling for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperglycaemia was significantly and positively associated with increased serum soluble @entity13381 in @entity1 and @entity1 . Our findings suggest that serum soluble @entity13381 may be a risk factor or a biomarker of hyperglycaemia.

title: Association between serum soluble XXXX and hyperglycaemia: a cross-sectional study among Chinese adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity13381 :: (10699,Gene) :: ['corin']


abstract: Massive @entity1171 lead to joint @entity2693 and resulting decrease in range of motion. This can be avoided by functional treatment. In cases where severe soft tissue trauma coexists with @entity174 surgical treatment is limited and external fixation is the method of choice. Modern external fixation technique allows for stabilisation and maintaining range of motion in the affected joint. This paper presents the results of application of the Dynastab-S external fixator. The construction of this fixator allows dorsal and plantar, reducing postraumatic joint @entity2693 . It also allows appropriate insight into soft tissues and debridement of devitalised tissues as well as their forthcoming surgical reconstruction. In our material (27 cases) treated with the Dynastab-S fixator for an average of 16 weeks a satisfactory bone healing process in all cases was noted. Appropriate function of the extremity was maintained, with @entity1411 to the contralateral, not affected joint. Only in one case post operative treatment was complicated by @entity6865 . Our observations showed that implementation of modern external stabilisation techniques leads to appropriate @entity174 healing with full function of the inferior extremity.

title: [External fixation of fractures using Dysnastab-S stabilizers for massive XXXX of tibial bone epiphyseal articulations ].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['algodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['comparable plantar flexion']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While surgery remains the @entity5 treatment, organ-preservation is upcoming. Therefore, neo-adjuvant treatment should be optimized. By escalating doses, response can be increased. To limit @entity137 of boost, accurate gross @entity5 volume (GTV) definition is required. MRI, especially undeformed fast spin echo diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), looks promising for delineation. However, inconsistencies between observers should be quantified before clinical implementation. We aim to find which MRI sequence (T2w, DWI or combination) is optimal and clinically useful for GTV definition by evaluating inter-observer agreement. METHODS: Locally advanced @entity5 @entity1 ( @entity5 <10cm from anal verge) were scanned on 3T MRI transverse T2w and DWI (b=800s/mm(2)). Three independent observers delineated T2w, DWI and combination (Combi) after training-set. Volumes, conformity index (CI), and maximum @entity5529 ( @entity5529 ) were calculated between any observer-pair per @entity1 per modality. RESULTS: Twenty-four consecutive @entity1 were included. One @entity1 had @entity18246 (4.2%), 19 @entity16178 (79.1%) and 4 cT4 (16.7%), with 2 clinical node negative (8.3%), 4 @entity17470 (16.7%), and 18 @entity18086 (75.0%) on MRI. From 24 @entity1 , 70 sequences were available (24x T2, 23x DWI, and 23x Combi). Between observers, no significant volume differences were observed per modality. T2 showed significantly largest volumes compared to DWI (mean difference 19.85ml, SD 17.42, p<0.0001) and Combi (mean difference 7.16ml, SD 11.58, p<0.0001). Mean CI was 0.70, 0.71 and 0.69 for T2, DWI and Combi respectively (p>0.61). Average @entity5529 was largest on T2 (18.60mm, max 31.40mm, min 9.20mm). DISCUSSION: Delineation on DWI resulted in delineation of the smallest volumes with similar consistency and mean distances, but with slightly lower Hausdorff distances compared to T2 and Combi. However, with lack of a gold standard it remains difficult to establish if delineations also represent true @entity5 . Study strengths were DWI adaptation to exclude geometrical distortions and training-set. DWI shows great potential for delineation purposes as long as sufficient experience exists and geometrical distortions are eliminated.

title: Inter-observer agreement of MRI-based XXXX delineation for preoperative radiotherapy boost in locally advanced @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5529 :: ('MESH:C535290', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'Hausdorff distance']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'cornerstone of rectal cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While surgery remains the @entity5 treatment, organ-preservation is upcoming. Therefore, neo-adjuvant treatment should be optimized. By escalating doses, response can be increased. To limit @entity137 of boost, accurate gross @entity5 volume (GTV) definition is required. MRI, especially undeformed fast spin echo diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), looks promising for delineation. However, inconsistencies between observers should be quantified before clinical implementation. We aim to find which MRI sequence (T2w, DWI or combination) is optimal and clinically useful for GTV definition by evaluating inter-observer agreement. METHODS: Locally advanced @entity5 @entity1 ( @entity5 <10cm from anal verge) were scanned on 3T MRI transverse T2w and DWI (b=800s/mm(2)). Three independent observers delineated T2w, DWI and combination (Combi) after training-set. Volumes, conformity index (CI), and maximum @entity5529 ( @entity5529 ) were calculated between any observer-pair per @entity1 per modality. RESULTS: Twenty-four consecutive @entity1 were included. One @entity1 had @entity18246 (4.2%), 19 @entity16178 (79.1%) and 4 cT4 (16.7%), with 2 clinical node negative (8.3%), 4 @entity17470 (16.7%), and 18 @entity18086 (75.0%) on MRI. From 24 @entity1 , 70 sequences were available (24x T2, 23x DWI, and 23x Combi). Between observers, no significant volume differences were observed per modality. T2 showed significantly largest volumes compared to DWI (mean difference 19.85ml, SD 17.42, p<0.0001) and Combi (mean difference 7.16ml, SD 11.58, p<0.0001). Mean CI was 0.70, 0.71 and 0.69 for T2, DWI and Combi respectively (p>0.61). Average @entity5529 was largest on T2 (18.60mm, max 31.40mm, min 9.20mm). DISCUSSION: Delineation on DWI resulted in delineation of the smallest volumes with similar consistency and mean distances, but with slightly lower Hausdorff distances compared to T2 and Combi. However, with lack of a gold standard it remains difficult to establish if delineations also represent true @entity5 . Study strengths were DWI adaptation to exclude geometrical distortions and training-set. DWI shows great potential for delineation purposes as long as sufficient experience exists and geometrical distortions are eliminated.

title: Inter-observer agreement of MRI-based @entity5 delineation for preoperative radiotherapy boost in locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Hyperbilirubinaemia is a common neonatal problem worldwide and is the leading cause of admission to the Special Care Nursery in Antigua and Barbuda. In 1990, the Innocenti Declaration in support of breast-feeding led to the adoption of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in many countries of the Caribbean, including Antigua and Barbuda. Comparing 1989 to the years 1992 to 1994, the Special Care Nursery at Holberton Hospital experienced a 40% increase in newborns admitted with hyperbilirubinaemia (peak total @entity648 > 12 mg/dl or 205 mumol/l). A retrospective review of Special Care Nursery and Maternity Ward records was undertaken to determine the incidence and aetiology of hyperbilirubinaemia from 1992 to 1994. There were 3721 @entity1 born in Antigua and Barbuda in those years, 98% of Afro-Caribbean or mixed ancestry. The overall incidence of peak total @entity648 over 12 mg/dl (205 mumol/l) was 12.5% (466/3721), not inconsistent with the reported incidence of 8 to 20% in other countries. However, the incidence of higher levels of hyperbilirubinaemia in Antigua and Barbuda exceeded those reported for other countries. In Antigua and Barbuda, total @entity648 of 15 mg/dl (255 mumol/l) or higher was found in 263 of 3721 @entity1 (7.1%) compared to 5.9% in India and 2% of breast-fed @entity1 in the United States of America (USA). Total @entity648 of 20 mg/dl (340 mumol/l) or higher was seen in 91 of 3721 @entity1 (2.5%) exceeding reported prevalence in the USA for both African-American and Caucasian @entity1 (1%) and equal to the reported prevalence in Asian @entity1 (2%). The possible aetiologies of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates with total @entity648 18 mg/dl (306 mumol/l) or higher in our @entity1 were investigated. Medical records of 134 of 156 (86%) @entity1 having this level of hyperbilirubinaemia were available for review. The possible reason for hyperbilirubinaemia was ABO incompatibility in 4/134 (3%), @entity34372 in 1/134 (1%), prematurity in 12/134 (9%) and @entity295 neonatorum in 21/134 (16%). The hyperbilirubinaemia was idiopathic in 96/134 (71%) @entity1 . Newborns in Antigua and Barbuda were discharged 3.7 days after their mothers' admission, with 50% discharged prior to 48 hours of age. Early discharge in developed countries has led to increased readmissions for hyperbilirubinaemia. Following the appointment of a dietitian to supervise breast-feeding, admissions for hyperbilirubinaemia fell by 50% by 1998. These data suggest that exclusive breast-feeding and early discharge led to an @entity3082 in Antigua and Barbuda.

title: Did exclusive breast-feeding and early discharge lead to excessive XXXX levels in newborns in Antigua and Barbuda?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3082 :: ('MESH:D004671', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity34372 :: ('MESH:C562717', 'Disease') :: ['Rh incompatibility']

answer: @entity648 :: (MESH:D001663,Chemical) :: ['bilirubin']