abstract: Enkephalins are short lived peptides which are rapidly cleaved by 2 membrane peptidases: an @entity2282 and a carboxypeptidase. Enkephalin-like immuno-reactivity has been demonstrated in the smooth muscle and in the myenteric plexus of the @entity1 lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Opioid receptors have been found in the gastrointestinal tract and recently an enkephalin analog has been shown to inhibit LES relaxation and modify the peristaltic progression of the esophageal contractions. @entity19353 is an @entity2282 inhibitor which prevents, at least to some extent, the hydrolysis of endogenous enkephalins. Thus, the present work was designed to study the effect of @entity19353 on esophageal motility. Ten healthy volunteers (mean age: 23 years) were studied. On 2 separate days, each subject received in random order @entity19353 (2.5 mg/kg intravenously at a constant rate in 20 min) or placebo. Esophageal manometry was performed with a Dentsleeve. Wet swallows (5 ml) were performed at 1 min intervals during 80 min and results were pooled in 10 min periods. @entity19353 inhibited significantly (p less than 0.02) LES relaxation 20 min after the beginning of the infusion and throughout the study. The maximal effect occurred 50 min after the beginning of @entity19353 infusion and LES relaxation (m +/- SEM) was reduced from 92 +/- 2.6 to 79.5 +/- 2.9 p. 100 (p less than 0.01). Duration, amplitude, and velocity of esophageal contractions were not modified. @entity19353 an @entity2282 inhibitor, is able to reproduce the effect of IV exogenous enkephalins on LES relaxation in @entity1 . This result suggest that endogenous enkephalins might play a role in the normal control of the LES relaxation.

title: Effects of an @entity2282 inhibitor on esophageal motility in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Serum antibodies cytotoxic to the @entity694 cell line RPMI 4788 were studied in 42 @entity1 with @entity31 , 61 @entity1 with @entity30 , 27 @entity1 with other inflammatory diseases (disease-controls) and 22 healthy controls. @entity137 of antibodies towards RPMI 4788 was studied by means of a @entity3407 release assay using peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes of healthy subjects as effector cells. Using a four hour antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity assay sera from 29% of @entity31 patients contained antibodies cytotoxic for the target, while only 3% of the @entity30 @entity1 and 6% of the disease controls and non of the healthy controls were positive. When an 18 hour assay was applied, however, not only 40% of @entity31 @entity1 , but also 14% of @entity30 @entity1 and 21% of disease controls were found positive. The reactive antibody in the four hour assay was mainly of the IgG class, which points at a classical antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity mechanism. In the 18 hour cytotoxic assay IgG and particularly IgM antibodies were found to be reactive. This suggests that in the latter case other cellular cytotoxic mechanism might be involved. There was a significant inverse correlation between the appearance of the @entity31 restricted IgG-anticolon epithelial cell antibodies (four hour assay) and the disease activity (p less than 0.01). Absorption studies showed that the reactive antigen is not specific for @entity31 colonic tissue, but is similarly found in @entity30 , and to a lower extent in normal bowel, liver and kidney. The reactive antigen, however, could not be detected in brain and lymphoblastoid cells.

title: XXXX specific cytotoxic IgG-autoantibodies against @entity694 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's bowel tissue", "Crohn's", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Serum antibodies cytotoxic to the @entity694 cell line RPMI 4788 were studied in 42 @entity1 with @entity31 , 61 @entity1 with @entity30 , 27 @entity1 with other inflammatory diseases (disease-controls) and 22 healthy controls. @entity137 of antibodies towards RPMI 4788 was studied by means of a @entity3407 release assay using peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes of healthy subjects as effector cells. Using a four hour antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity assay sera from 29% of @entity31 patients contained antibodies cytotoxic for the target, while only 3% of the @entity30 @entity1 and 6% of the disease controls and non of the healthy controls were positive. When an 18 hour assay was applied, however, not only 40% of @entity31 @entity1 , but also 14% of @entity30 @entity1 and 21% of disease controls were found positive. The reactive antibody in the four hour assay was mainly of the IgG class, which points at a classical antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity mechanism. In the 18 hour cytotoxic assay IgG and particularly IgM antibodies were found to be reactive. This suggests that in the latter case other cellular cytotoxic mechanism might be involved. There was a significant inverse correlation between the appearance of the @entity31 restricted IgG-anticolon epithelial cell antibodies (four hour assay) and the disease activity (p less than 0.01). Absorption studies showed that the reactive antigen is not specific for @entity31 colonic tissue, but is similarly found in @entity30 , and to a lower extent in normal bowel, liver and kidney. The reactive antigen, however, could not be detected in brain and lymphoblastoid cells.

title: @entity31 specific cytotoxic IgG-autoantibodies against XXXX cells.

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic epithelial cancer']


abstract: The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics is located in the center of the United States in Eastern Iowa, @entity14126 ,000 hospital beds, and is the largest university owned teaching hospital in the country. Over 35,000 @entity1 are admitted each year. The infection control efforts began in 1969 and were broadened in 1976 with the establishment and implementation of the Program of Epidemiology directed by W.J. Hierholzer, Jr., M.D., hospital epidemiologist. Hospital-wide surveillance is routinely performed by three and a half full-time equivalent LPN practitioners who assess problems and evaluate data essential to realistic identification of nosocomial infection rates, implementation of controls and evaluation of control measures. @entity580 surveillance, utilizing modified CDC criteria, has been performed since July 1976. Ward rounds are made by staff, utilizing nursing care and medication Kardex's, microbiology, hematology and X-ray reports. Importantly, the surveillance system is being validated by concurrent prospective surveys to determine the sensitivity and specificity of reporting data. Outbreaks/epidemics of @entity281 , such as @entity55 , @entity294 of unknown species, and wounds, as well as burns from manufactured changes in cautery grounds, have been identified and controlled before they have become major epidemics. Surveillance has identified one epidemic per 10,000 @entity1 admitted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Organization and operation of the XXXX -control program of the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Legionella pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['hospital-infection']


abstract: Demonstration of @entity1002 in the absence of @entity662 should provide important confirmation of silent @entity296 in @entity1 with asymptomatic ST segment changes. For this purpose, a new portable scintillation probe (VEST) similar to a miniaturized nuclear stethoscope combined with a Holter ECG was evaluated. After standard equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography with @entity1136 labelled red blood cells, the VEST was positioned under gamma-camera control and data were recorded from 1-12 h in 61 unselected @entity1 . Ejection fraction (LVEF), relative changes in volumes, heart rate and ST segment changes were determined. Reproducibility of LVEF at rest (r = 0.91; variability 3.8 +/- 3%, N = 19) and during exercise (r = 0.98; variability 3.2 +/- 2%, N = 19) was good. In 15 asymptomatic exercise tests four different patterns of LVEF and ST segment responses were identified: (1) decrease in LVEF followed by significant ST @entity308 (five times); (2) ST @entity308 followed by decrease in LVEF (three times); (3) decrease in LVEF without significant ST changes (three times); and (4) ST @entity308 without significant LVEF change (four times). In this still small series, patterns (1) to (3) corresponded to @entity1 with documented @entity453 , which was not the case for pattern (4). For detection of silent ischaemia at rest, a decrease in LVEF of greater than 5% lasting for greater than 1 min was defined as @entity409 . Using this definition, four spontaneous episodes of silent @entity409 could be demonstrated in two of three CCU @entity1 with @entity1459 during 160-680 min of data recordings without simultaneous ST changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ambulatory scintigraphic assessment of transient changes in left ventricular function: a new method for detection of silent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic LV dysfunction', 'LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischaemia']


abstract: To test the effect of previous strenuous training on @entity880 (LA) formation and on changes of @entity880 threshold ( @entity1129 ) values, a group of seven male athletes aged 26.3 +/- 9.2 years, height 184 +/- 6.2 cm, body weight 79.3 +/- 8.1 kg, percentage of body fat 8.8 +/- 3.7 and VO2 max 56.2 +/- 5.4 ml/kg were examined on a treadmill to the maximum in the morning after 2 days of rest, and after 2 consecutive days of strenuous training. The @entity1295 ( @entity1295 ) in the morning prior to the exercise test was assessed by means of a 5-grade score. The values of LA max, @entity1129 , and @entity1295 on day 1 were 11.06 +/- 2.4 mmol/l, 3.5 +/- 0.4 m/s, and 0.6 +/- 0.4, respectively. The corresponding values on day 2 were 8.8 +/- 1.7 mmol/l, 4.0 +/- 0.3 m/s, and 2.0 +/- 0.5, respectively. The values on day 3 were 8.6 +/- 1.1 mmol/l, 4.1 +/- 0.4 m/s, and 2.1 +/- 0.7, respectively. Statistically significant differences on the 1st day were found in LA max, @entity1129 , and @entity1295 compared with days 2 and 3. No significant differences were found between the values for the 2nd and 3rd days. @entity1129 values for day 1 were significantly lower than those for days 2 and 3. A significantly higher level of @entity1295 in the morning prior to the test procedure was observed on days 2 and 3 compared with day 1. The @entity1129 and @entity1295 values for days 2 and 3 showed no significant difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED @entity1129 250 WORDS)

title: Reproducibility of post-exercise XXXX and anaerobic threshold.

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['subjectively perceived rate of fatigue', 'SPF']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: A @entity235 @entity3038 model was used to study the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with @entity2287 contrast enhancement in defining the histologic margins of @entity1313 . The effectiveness of this technique was compared to conventional computed tomography (CT) using iodinated contrast enhancement. Cultured @entity235 @entity3038 cells were injected into the left hemisphere of adult mongrel @entity235 . The @entity235 developed @entity1313 and progressive clinical signs. Serial MRI with and without @entity7241 was compared to serial CT with and without @entity10817 obtained on the same days. After the final scans, animals were sacrificed; the brains were removed and processed for routine histopathologic study. All @entity5 were visualized with contrast-enhanced MRI which proved most sensitive. @entity7241 caused bright enhancement of @entity5 in a distribution that consistently corresponded to areas of pathologically proved @entity5 infiltration. Gross and microscopic autopsy findings correlated better with MRI than with CT which tended to produce poorer resolution and underrepresent the size of viable @entity5 . @entity2287 -enhanced MRI is more accurate than unenhanced MRI, unenhanced CT, or enhanced CT in defining the histologic margins of @entity5 .

title: XXXX imaging using a @entity235 glioma model.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium di-ethylene triamine penta-acetic acid', 'gadolinium diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity10817 :: ('MESH:D007483', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium iothalamate']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium', 'gadolinium']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Comparison of CT and MRI brain tumor']


abstract: A @entity235 @entity3038 model was used to study the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with @entity2287 contrast enhancement in defining the histologic margins of @entity1313 . The effectiveness of this technique was compared to conventional computed tomography (CT) using iodinated contrast enhancement. Cultured @entity235 @entity3038 cells were injected into the left hemisphere of adult mongrel @entity235 . The @entity235 developed @entity1313 and progressive clinical signs. Serial MRI with and without @entity7241 was compared to serial CT with and without @entity10817 obtained on the same days. After the final scans, animals were sacrificed; the brains were removed and processed for routine histopathologic study. All @entity5 were visualized with contrast-enhanced MRI which proved most sensitive. @entity7241 caused bright enhancement of @entity5 in a distribution that consistently corresponded to areas of pathologically proved @entity5 infiltration. Gross and microscopic autopsy findings correlated better with MRI than with CT which tended to produce poorer resolution and underrepresent the size of viable @entity5 . @entity2287 -enhanced MRI is more accurate than unenhanced MRI, unenhanced CT, or enhanced CT in defining the histologic margins of @entity5 .

title: @entity1313 imaging using a XXXX glioma model.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity5850 is a chronic @entity281 caused by Actinomyces species which may involve only soft tissue or bone or the two together. @entity4034 of maxilla is relatively rare when compared to mandible. These are normal commensals and become pathogens when they gain entry into tissue layers and bone where they establish and maintain an anaerobic environment with extensive @entity1463 and @entity82 . This infection spreads contiguously, frequently ignoring tissue planes and surrounding tissues or organ. The portal of entry may be @entity281 , and so forth which may lead to involvement of adjacent structures as pharynx, larynx, tonsils, and paranasal sinuses and has the propensity to damage extensively. Diagnosis is often delayed and is usually based on histopathology as they are cultured in fewer cases. The chronic clinical course without regional @entity3329 may be essential in diagnosis. The management of actinomycotic @entity4034 is surgical debridement of necrotic tissue combined with antibiotics for 3-6 months. The primary @entity5850 arising within the maxilla with contiguous involvement of paranasal sinus with formation of @entity8902 is rare. Hence, we present a 50-year-old female @entity1 with @entity6275 which presented as @entity8902 with suppurative and @entity3808 features.

title: Actinomycotic XXXX Presenting as @entity8902 : A Rare Case Report.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity8902 :: ('MESH:D009957', 'Disease') :: ['oroantral fistula']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis of maxilla']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['Actinomycosis', 'actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis', 'Actinomycotic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous infection', 'pulpal, periodontal infection']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['Osteomyelitis of Maxilla']


abstract: @entity5850 is a chronic @entity281 caused by Actinomyces species which may involve only soft tissue or bone or the two together. @entity4034 of maxilla is relatively rare when compared to mandible. These are normal commensals and become pathogens when they gain entry into tissue layers and bone where they establish and maintain an anaerobic environment with extensive @entity1463 and @entity82 . This infection spreads contiguously, frequently ignoring tissue planes and surrounding tissues or organ. The portal of entry may be @entity281 , and so forth which may lead to involvement of adjacent structures as pharynx, larynx, tonsils, and paranasal sinuses and has the propensity to damage extensively. Diagnosis is often delayed and is usually based on histopathology as they are cultured in fewer cases. The chronic clinical course without regional @entity3329 may be essential in diagnosis. The management of actinomycotic @entity4034 is surgical debridement of necrotic tissue combined with antibiotics for 3-6 months. The primary @entity5850 arising within the maxilla with contiguous involvement of paranasal sinus with formation of @entity8902 is rare. Hence, we present a 50-year-old female @entity1 with @entity6275 which presented as @entity8902 with suppurative and @entity3808 features.

title: Actinomycotic @entity4034 Presenting as XXXX : A Rare Case Report.

answer: @entity8902 :: (MESH:D009957,Disease) :: ['Oroantral Fistula']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several evidences suggest that a small population of cells known as @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) or @entity5 initiating stemlike cells within a @entity5 is capable of @entity5 initiation, maintenance and propagation. Recent publications have supported the existence of CSCs in @entity788 . The pancreatic stem/progenitor cells, which express self-renewal markers, are identified to be present in the peribiliary gland. Based on the CSC hypothesis, mutations can lead to the transformation of stem/progenitor cells or differentiated cells into CSCs. The pancreatic CSCs express a wide array of markers such as @entity1759 , @entity11707 , ESA, @entity5439 , @entity1916 , @entity436 , @entity29396 / @entity29396 and @entity14215 . The CSCs are isolated based on surface markers or by other methods such as ALDEFLOUR assay or @entity5956 dye exclusion assay. The isolated cells are further characterized by in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic assays. The most important characteristics of CSCs are its ability to self-renew and impart drug resistance towards chemotherapy. Moreover, these distinct cells display alteration of signaling pathways pertaining to CSCs such as Notch, Wnt and @entity4851 to maintain the self-renewal process. @entity5 treatment could be attributed to the therapy resistance exhibited by the CSCs. @entity3 and drug resistance in @entity788 is associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, mucins, the high molecular weight proteins are found to be associated with pancreatic CSCs and EMT. Understanding the underlying molecular pathways that aid in the metastatic and drug resistant nature of these distinct cells will aid in targeting these cells. Overall, this review focuses on the various aspects of pancreatic adult/stem progenitors, CSC hypothesis, its markers, pathways, niche, EMT and novel therapeutic drugs used for the elimination of pancreatic CSCs.

title: A concise review on the current understanding of XXXX stem cells.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Failure of cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The affective burden of @entity914 has been increasingly recognised. However, subjective reports of distress and its covariates, especially those related to service use, remain under-investigated in @entity1 with @entity716 . METHODS: This study investigated subjective distress and its covariates in a representative sample of 401 outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity914 in Brazil. @entity147 was assessed using the corresponding domain of a standardised measure of need - the Camberwell Assessment of Need. RESULTS: @entity147 was reported as a need by 165 (41%) @entity1 , being met in 78 (20%) and unmet in 87 (22%). Hierarchical logistic regression showed that the presence of distress as a need was predicted by attendance at psychotherapy (OR=3.49, CI=1.62-7.53), presence of suicidal ideation (OR=2.89, CI=1.75-4.79), non-attendance at psychosocial rehabilitation (OR=2.84, CI=1.31-6.19), and higher psychopathology (OR=1.09, CI=1.06-1.12). An unmet need was predicted by family not accompanying @entity1 to treatment (OR=2.60, CI=1.05-6.44) and higher psychopathology (OR=1.05, CI=1.02-1.09). LIMITATION: The use of a cross-sectional design and a single questionnaire domain to evaluate distress are the main limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective distress is a common unmet need in @entity716 , and can be treated. The main clinical implication is that subjective distress in @entity716 may be impacted on by family engagement and psychosocial interventions.

title: Subjective distress in a representative sample of outpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Distress']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of systemic comorbidities on the success of scalp cooling during chemotherapy (CT) is widely unexplored. Comorbidities often require additional medication which itself can occasionally cause @entity1665 . This study investigates the influence of selected parameters on the efficacy of scalp cooling for the prevention of CT-induced @entity1665 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 226 @entity5 @entity1 were treated with various CT regimens in combination with sensor-controlled scalp cooling. 136 @entity0 @entity1 received (neo)adjuvant therapy, and 76 of these @entity1 received @entity13010 and @entity786 (4* EC 3w) followed by @entity1311 (12* T w). The following parameters were prospectively investigated: chemotherapy-induced @entity1665 , systemic comorbidities and co-medication, @entity1239 abuse, hair treatment, menopausal status, and trichologic status. RESULTS: Scalp cooling was successful (no or not visible hair loss; common @entity137 criteria 0-1) in 65% of all @entity1 , in 65% of the 136 @entity0 @entity1 , and in 68% of the 76 @entity1 receiving EC/T. In this subgroup, premenopausal @entity1 (p = 0.009) and those without systemic comorbidities (p = 0.003), without co-medication (p < 0.001) and with high hair density (p = 0.038) showed less hair loss during CT; an effect was also seen for @entity1239 abuse (p = 0.023). Hair length and hair treatment had no significant influence. CONCLUSION: Sensor-controlled scalp cooling represents an effective addition to supportive @entity5 therapy. The success of scalp cooling depends on the applied CT regimen. Parameters like menopausal status, systemic comorbidities, medication, @entity1239 abuse, and original hair density also influence the outcome of hair loss prevention.

title: The Influence of Various Parameters on the Success of Sensor-Controlled Scalp Cooling in Preventing Chemotherapy-Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity13010 :: ('CHEBI:47898', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicine']

answer: @entity1665 :: (MESH:D000505,Disease) :: ['Alopecia']


abstract: Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) requires a considerable amount of lipids, such as @entity8558 (PA), to meet the needs of subsequent rapid cell division and proliferation. However, it is unclear whether PA, a biosynthetic precursor of lipids, affects reprogramming. By using lentiviral expression of the Yamanaka factors in @entity19 embryonic fibroblasts for reprogramming, we identified that PA is beneficial for the generation of iPS colonies. Inhibiting the generation of cellular PA dramatically decreased the number of iPSCs. Consistently, 400    M PA improved iPSC generation by more than 4- to 5-fold. iPSCs generated in the presence of PA (PA-iPS) expressed pluripotent markers such as @entity7002 and @entity14230 , differentiated into cells of the three germ layers in vitro, and contributed to chimeric @entity19 when injected into blastocysts. The improved efficiency was primarily due to reduction of apoptosis as sufficient PA increased the accumulation of @entity6894 in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, which reduced the release of cytochrome c and, in turn, suppressed apoptosis by inhibiting @entity54740 . The relatively higher amount of @entity1379 in PA treatment also inhibited apoptosis. In addition, an accompanied sequential change from epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at the initial phase of reprogramming to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) was also detected. Our microarray data, which also supported our results, indicated the presence of significant membrane enrichment genes, thus suggesting that PA may function through membrane-anchored proteins. We thus identified a novel type of culture supplement that improves the efficiency of reprogramming and could be valuable for the generation of high-quality iPS cells.

title: XXXX Improves Reprogramming to Pluripotency by Reducing Apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity8558 :: ('MESH:D010712', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity8558 :: (MESH:D010712,Chemical) :: ['Phosphatidic Acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity177 ( @entity177 ) is a progressive @entity177 over a period of months or years. The major function of the kidneys is the removal of metabolic waste products, electrolytes and water. When this function is impaired, systemic changes, oral complications and alterations in salivary composition may occur. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the levels of immunological and inflammatory components in the saliva samples from @entity1 that undergo to @entity34 ( @entity34 ), without @entity34 and control. DESIGN: This study evaluated IgA, IgG, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and @entity842 (NO) in saliva samples from 119 @entity1 , who were divided into the control group (C), @entity177 ( @entity177 ) @entity1 group and @entity177 @entity1 on @entity34 ( @entity34 ) group. IgA and IgG levels were analyzed by ELISA. @entity842 levels were determined indirectly by the @entity3542 concentration using Griess reagent; @entity1851 by agglutination tests; and total proteins, by Bradford assay. RESULTS: The @entity34 group showed significantly higher levels of IgG, IgA and @entity1851 compared with the control and @entity177 groups. The @entity177 group presented the same amounts of IgG, IgA and @entity1851 as the C group but significantly higher levels of NO similar to the @entity34 group. CONCLUSION: @entity8 , particularly @entity34 during @entity8 , seems to alter salivary immunological and inflammatory components. Thus, analyzing the levels of IgA, IgG, NO and @entity1851 in saliva may be beneficial for monitoring @entity8 .

title: Salivary markers in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'Renal disease']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hemodialysis treatment', 'HD']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['loss of renal function', 'chronic renal failure', 'Chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity177 ( @entity177 ) is a progressive @entity177 over a period of months or years. The major function of the kidneys is the removal of metabolic waste products, electrolytes and water. When this function is impaired, systemic changes, oral complications and alterations in salivary composition may occur. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the levels of immunological and inflammatory components in the saliva samples from @entity1 that undergo to @entity34 ( @entity34 ), without @entity34 and control. DESIGN: This study evaluated IgA, IgG, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and @entity842 (NO) in saliva samples from 119 @entity1 , who were divided into the control group (C), @entity177 ( @entity177 ) @entity1 group and @entity177 @entity1 on @entity34 ( @entity34 ) group. IgA and IgG levels were analyzed by ELISA. @entity842 levels were determined indirectly by the @entity3542 concentration using Griess reagent; @entity1851 by agglutination tests; and total proteins, by Bradford assay. RESULTS: The @entity34 group showed significantly higher levels of IgG, IgA and @entity1851 compared with the control and @entity177 groups. The @entity177 group presented the same amounts of IgG, IgA and @entity1851 as the C group but significantly higher levels of NO similar to the @entity34 group. CONCLUSION: @entity8 , particularly @entity34 during @entity8 , seems to alter salivary immunological and inflammatory components. Thus, analyzing the levels of IgA, IgG, NO and @entity1851 in saliva may be beneficial for monitoring @entity8 .

title: Salivary markers in XXXX with @entity177 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ) with or without epithelioid @entity738 is the most frequent form of @entity8 in @entity370 . Nevertheless, few studies have provided conclusions about its treatment and long-term outcome. We report 22 cases collected over a 20-year period in 9 nephrologic departments of the west of France. We discuss the criteria which permit @entity370 to be distinguished from other causes, particularly of @entity1986 drugs. Twenty @entity1 were treated with corticoids. In 18 the result could be evaluated on at least 12 months. In 11 there was a decrease of plasma @entity1011 (Pc) and in 8 of these cases this decrease reached 50%. Of the 12 who were followed from 1 to 17 years, 4 obtained a reduction of Pc of at least 50%. These improvements occurred even in @entity1 whose Pc was initially higher than 300 mumol/l. Only 2 @entity1 reached @entity454 and hemodialysis within the observation period, one as early as the first month, the other after 6 years. Five relapses were observed after stopping treatment but 4 responded again favorably upon resumption. Two @entity1 who received no treatment at all nevertheless had stabilization or improvement of their renal function with a follow-up of 5 years for one case. It may be concluded that the long-term prognosis of @entity370 @entity1986 can be fairly good but there is no proof that it depends mainly on corticosteroid therapy.

title: [Interstitial XXXX in @entity370 . Effect of corticosteroid therapy and long-term evolution. Retrospective study of 22 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial Nephritis', 'IN']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathies']


abstract: @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ) with or without epithelioid @entity738 is the most frequent form of @entity8 in @entity370 . Nevertheless, few studies have provided conclusions about its treatment and long-term outcome. We report 22 cases collected over a 20-year period in 9 nephrologic departments of the west of France. We discuss the criteria which permit @entity370 to be distinguished from other causes, particularly of @entity1986 drugs. Twenty @entity1 were treated with corticoids. In 18 the result could be evaluated on at least 12 months. In 11 there was a decrease of plasma @entity1011 (Pc) and in 8 of these cases this decrease reached 50%. Of the 12 who were followed from 1 to 17 years, 4 obtained a reduction of Pc of at least 50%. These improvements occurred even in @entity1 whose Pc was initially higher than 300 mumol/l. Only 2 @entity1 reached @entity454 and hemodialysis within the observation period, one as early as the first month, the other after 6 years. Five relapses were observed after stopping treatment but 4 responded again favorably upon resumption. Two @entity1 who received no treatment at all nevertheless had stabilization or improvement of their renal function with a follow-up of 5 years for one case. It may be concluded that the long-term prognosis of @entity370 @entity1986 can be fairly good but there is no proof that it depends mainly on corticosteroid therapy.

title: [Interstitial @entity8 in XXXX . Effect of corticosteroid therapy and long-term evolution. Retrospective study of 22 cases].

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: Mortality rates among 838 white female @entity0 @entity1 were examined for relationships to personal characteristics assessed at time of diagnosis. These included weight and body mass index, oral contraceptive use, and prior menstrual and reproductive events. Multivariate analyses were used to determine the importance of these characteristics in predicting @entity204 rates specific for age and extent of disease at time of diagnosis. Weight was associated with poor prognosis among premenopausal @entity1 , but not among postmenopausal @entity1 . Premenopausal @entity1 weighing more than 140 lbs at diagnosis had @entity204 rates 1.7 times those of lighter @entity1 (P = 0.04). This effect was not explained by differences in the distribution of disease stage between the two groups. Body mass index was positively associated with mortality in both premenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 . In the entire group, the @entity204 rate ratio was 1.4 (P = 0.02) for @entity28 (body mass index greater than 30.4 X 10(-3) lbs/in.2) vs lean @entity1 . Among premenopausal @entity1 , parous @entity1 had higher mortality rates than nulliparous @entity1 ( @entity204 rate ratio = 2.0, P = 0.06). Although the data were sparse, @entity204 rates were higher for @entity1 having a full-term pregnancy within 2 years of diagnosis than for premenopausal @entity1 with earlier pregnancies. Oral contraceptive use, age at menarche, age at first full term birth, and age at menopause were unrelated to mortality.

title: Body size, reproductive factors, and XXXX survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tanning during adolescence increases @entity1489 risk. Relatively few studies have examined the association between thinness attitudes and tanning attitudes and behaviors. The purpose of the current study was to examine psychosocial predictors of sunbathing and tanning bed use, specifically thin ideal internalization (TII) and motives for tanning among high school @entity1 . Adolescent @entity1 (N  =  229) completed a 10-minute questionnaire designed to assess sunbathing and indoor tanning, TII and motives to tan (appearance, social and well-being). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that TII, b  =  .05, p  <  .05, appearance motives, b  =  .11, p  <  .01 and well-being motives, b  =  .11, p  <  .01 were all independently positively associated with sunbathing. Social motives were negatively associated with sunbathing, b  =  -.07, p  <  .05. A three-way interaction was found between the three types of motives on indoor tanning, in that appearance and well-being motives interacted to increase indoor tanning levels, especially among those who strongly endorsed social motives for tanning, b  =  .22, p  <  .05. Motives for tanning, specifically those associated with appearance and well-being, can interact to increase tanning bed use. When designing tailored interventions for @entity1489 prevention in young @entity1 , researchers should consider tailoring based on motivation. Researchers and healthcare professionals who work with adolescents should attend to tanners who are motivated for both appearance and mood-related reasons, as they may be most at risk for tanning @entity734 and @entity1489 .

title: Tan and thin? Associations between attitudes toward thinness, motives to tan and tanning behaviors in adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca occurs in 40% to 90% of @entity1 with @entity2132 (cGVHD). Ocular symptoms can have profound effects in both the visual function and quality of life of @entity1 with GVHD. We report the impact of prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) treatment in @entity1 with cGVHD as a clinical network expands. METHODS: We queried the BostonSight PROSE manufacturing database from January 2002 to December 2011. @entity1 treated for ocular cGVHD were reported by age, gender, year, and network site where the treatment was undertaken. The baseline and six-month follow-up scores of visual function using a standardized validated instrument, the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25), were evaluated for a period in 2006 and again in 2010 after network expansion had occurred. RESULTS: A total of 407 @entity1 with a male:female ratio of 226:181, mean age was 51 years with ocular cGVHD underwent PROSE treatment from January 2002 to December 2011. By 2011, 67% of all cases were treated at network clinics. Baseline characteristics of @entity1 treated throughout the network in 2010 were similar to that of 2006 and 2010 cohorts from the main center. There was a significant improvement of 41 points (P<0.001) in composite NEI VFQ score among @entity1 treated across the network in 2010, similar to the improvement of 30 points (P<0.001) seen among the @entity1 treated at the main center in 2010. There was a trend toward lower baseline self-reported general health status (SRGHS) and VFQ scores among @entity1 treated at network clinics, suggesting that expansion of the network allows treatment of sicker @entity1 (lower general health status) or those more severely affected by ocular cGVHD. CONCLUSIONS: PROSE treatment of ocular cGVHD has increased in the last decade with the establishment of BostonSight network clinics across the United States. @entity1 treated at network clinics showed similar levels of baseline visual function and SRGHS, and achieved a similar high level of improvement in visual function as those treated at the main center. @entity1 -reported measures of functional status are useful in evaluating treatment options for @entity1 with cGVHD. PROSE treatment has significant positive impact on the visual function of @entity1 with ocular cGVHD regardless of whether the @entity1 is treated at the main center or at a network site.

title: PROSE Treatment for Ocular XXXX as a Clinical Network Expands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['ocular chronic graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dietary supplements have a long history of causing adverse effects. @entity943 have not been described with Hydroxycut Gummies. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity943 after prolonged use of a popular dietary supplement, Hydroxycut Gummies. CASE REPORT: An 18-year-old female with no significant past medical history presented with life-threatening @entity943 following about 10 days of use of Hydroxycut Gummies, a legal dietary supplement previously unreported to cause this complication. The @entity1 received external cardioversion due to progressive @entity1032 and persistent @entity551 and was initiated on intravenous @entity1818 at an outside hospital. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 45% to 50%, and cardiac MRI showed no definite finding of @entity1188 , @entity2401 , or @entity82 . Beta-blocker therapy was initiated, and there was a progressive reduction in @entity943 burden with an improvement of symptoms over the next few days. Two and a half months after the initial hospitalization, follow-up Holter monitor revealed occasional accelerated idioventricular rhythm events and a significant reduction in, but still occasional, long monomorphic @entity1165 events. None of the ingredients listed in this product have been associated with @entity943 in the literature. One phytochemical potentially in the product is @entity71160 , which could be the cause of the adverse event. However, there was no other identifiable etiology for the @entity1165 , which resolved after the discontinuation of supplement and the addition of beta-blocker therapy. CONCLUSION: Hydroxycut Gummies should be considered a probable cause of this @entity1 's @entity943 given the lack of another etiology and a Naranjo Scale score of 6.

title: XXXX Precipitated by the Use of the Diet Supplement Hydroxycut Gummies.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['decline in mental status']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'Ventricular arrhythmias', 'cardiac dysrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

entities_list: @entity71160 :: ('CHEBI:3703', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-quinidine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glycogen depletion and @entity4053 have been associated with fatigue and decrement of performance during prolonged exercise. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effectiveness of Acacia @entity457 as a post-exercise recovery aid on @entity413 metabolism and subsequent running performance in the heat. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ten subjects participated in this randomized cross-over study. All subjects performed 2 trials. In each trial, all subjects went through a glycogen depletion phase (Run-1), 2-hour rehydration phase and time trial running phase (Run-2). In Run-1, subjects were required to run on a treadmill at 65% VO2max in the heat (31  C, 70% relative humidity) for 60 min. During 2-hour rehydration phase, subjects drank either plain water (PW) or @entity457 ( @entity457 ) with amount equivalent to 150% of body weight loss in 3 boluses (60%, 50% and 40% subsequently) at 0, 30 and 60 min. In Run-2, the longest distance covered in 20 min was recorded for determining running performance. Two-way repeated measured ANOVA and paired t-test were used for analysis. RESULTS: Running distance in Run-2 covered by the subjects in the @entity457 @entity457 trial (3420    350 m) was significantly (P < 0.01) longer compared to plain water PW trial (3120    340 m). In general, plasma @entity413 , serum insulin and osmolality were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in @entity457 compared to PW during the rehydration phase and Run-2. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that rehydration with @entity457 improves running performance and @entity413 metabolism compared to plain water in the heat. Thus, @entity457 can be recommended for rehydration purpose for @entity2587 who compete in the heat.

title: Effects of Post-Exercise Honey Drink Ingestion on Blood XXXX and Subsequent Running Performance in the Heat.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity457 :: ('MESH:D063425', 'Disease') :: ['honey drink', 'HD']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Unlike focal or @entity302 , which has a confined range of influence, @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ) often affects the whole or a larger portion of the brain without obvious, known cause. It is important to understand the underlying network which generates @entity302 activity and through which @entity302 activity propagates. The aim of the present study was to investigate the thalamocortical relationship using non-invasive imaging modalities in a group of @entity3762 @entity1 . We specifically investigated the roles of the mediodorsal nuclei in the thalami and the medial frontal cortex in generating and spreading @entity3762 activities. We hypothesized that the connectivity between these two structures is key in understanding the generation and propagation of @entity302 activity in brains affected by @entity3762 . Using three imaging techniques of EEG, fMRI and EEG-informed fMRI, we identified important players in generation and propagation of generalized spike-and-wave discharges (GSWDs). EEG-informed fMRI suggested multiple regions including the medial frontal area near to the anterior cingulate cortex, mediodorsal nuclei of the thalamus, caudate nucleus among others that related to the GSWDs. The subsequent seed-based fMRI analysis revealed a reciprocal cortical and bi-thalamic functional connection. Through EEG-based Granger Causality analysis using (DTF) and adaptive DTF, within the reciprocal thalamocortical circuitry, thalamus seems to serve as a stronger source in driving cortical activity from initiation to the propagation of a GSWD. Such connectivity change starts before the GSWDs and continues till the end of the slow wave discharge. Thalamus, especially the mediodorsal nuclei, may serve as potential targets for deep brain stimulation to provide more effective treatment options for @entity1 with drug-resistant generalized @entity302 .

title: Thalamocortical relationship in XXXX @entity1 with generalized spike and wave discharges - A multimodal neuroimaging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy', 'IGE']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Unlike focal or @entity302 , which has a confined range of influence, @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ) often affects the whole or a larger portion of the brain without obvious, known cause. It is important to understand the underlying network which generates @entity302 activity and through which @entity302 activity propagates. The aim of the present study was to investigate the thalamocortical relationship using non-invasive imaging modalities in a group of @entity3762 @entity1 . We specifically investigated the roles of the mediodorsal nuclei in the thalami and the medial frontal cortex in generating and spreading @entity3762 activities. We hypothesized that the connectivity between these two structures is key in understanding the generation and propagation of @entity302 activity in brains affected by @entity3762 . Using three imaging techniques of EEG, fMRI and EEG-informed fMRI, we identified important players in generation and propagation of generalized spike-and-wave discharges (GSWDs). EEG-informed fMRI suggested multiple regions including the medial frontal area near to the anterior cingulate cortex, mediodorsal nuclei of the thalamus, caudate nucleus among others that related to the GSWDs. The subsequent seed-based fMRI analysis revealed a reciprocal cortical and bi-thalamic functional connection. Through EEG-based Granger Causality analysis using (DTF) and adaptive DTF, within the reciprocal thalamocortical circuitry, thalamus seems to serve as a stronger source in driving cortical activity from initiation to the propagation of a GSWD. Such connectivity change starts before the GSWDs and continues till the end of the slow wave discharge. Thalamus, especially the mediodorsal nuclei, may serve as potential targets for deep brain stimulation to provide more effective treatment options for @entity1 with drug-resistant generalized @entity302 .

title: Thalamocortical relationship in @entity302 XXXX with generalized spike and wave discharges - A multimodal neuroimaging study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Three @entity1 with clinically proven @entity2401 who later developed @entity384 ( @entity384 )-like features were studied pathologically at necropsy and compared with 42 other cases with @entity384 . The @entity1 were an 18 year old female, a 20 year old male and a 28 year old male. They all had an upper @entity1729 as a prodromal symptom and then developed @entity1353 on effort, electrocardiographic changes and @entity1283 . In case 1, the antibody titers for Coxsackie B2 virus were elevated. In cases 1 and 3, myocardial biopsies revealed a mononuclear cell infiltrate. All 3 died of @entity712 . Histologically, layer-unit depletion of the myocardium (the @entity296 and its sequelae (loss or minimal @entity82 ) are restricted to certain layers), infiltration of mononuclear cells and moderate @entity82 were noted. In case 3, @entity82 and layer-unit depletion of the myocardium were mild. In our 42 @entity384 cases, the mean area of @entity82 was 40% in the @entity82 type, 15% in the nonfibrosis type and 30% in chronic @entity2401 . In @entity1283 ( @entity1283 ), the areas of @entity82 were 21.6%, 21.7% and 13.1% for the 3 cases. Mean cellularity indexes were 3.9% in @entity1283 , 5.1% in the @entity82 type of @entity384 , 19.4% in the chronic @entity2401 cases and 27% in the nonfibrosis type of @entity384 . With respect to @entity82 and interstitial cellularity, @entity1283 most resembles the nonfibrosis type of @entity384 .

title: Three autopsied cases of XXXX . Comparison with @entity384 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['postmyocarditic cardiomegaly', 'PMC', 'cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['postmyocarditic cardiomegaly']


abstract: Three @entity1 with clinically proven @entity2401 who later developed @entity384 ( @entity384 )-like features were studied pathologically at necropsy and compared with 42 other cases with @entity384 . The @entity1 were an 18 year old female, a 20 year old male and a 28 year old male. They all had an upper @entity1729 as a prodromal symptom and then developed @entity1353 on effort, electrocardiographic changes and @entity1283 . In case 1, the antibody titers for Coxsackie B2 virus were elevated. In cases 1 and 3, myocardial biopsies revealed a mononuclear cell infiltrate. All 3 died of @entity712 . Histologically, layer-unit depletion of the myocardium (the @entity296 and its sequelae (loss or minimal @entity82 ) are restricted to certain layers), infiltration of mononuclear cells and moderate @entity82 were noted. In case 3, @entity82 and layer-unit depletion of the myocardium were mild. In our 42 @entity384 cases, the mean area of @entity82 was 40% in the @entity82 type, 15% in the nonfibrosis type and 30% in chronic @entity2401 . In @entity1283 ( @entity1283 ), the areas of @entity82 were 21.6%, 21.7% and 13.1% for the 3 cases. Mean cellularity indexes were 3.9% in @entity1283 , 5.1% in the @entity82 type of @entity384 , 19.4% in the chronic @entity2401 cases and 27% in the nonfibrosis type of @entity384 . With respect to @entity82 and interstitial cellularity, @entity1283 most resembles the nonfibrosis type of @entity384 .

title: Three autopsied cases of @entity1283 . Comparison with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : On December 12, 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ramucirumab for use in combination with @entity1205 for the treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with disease progression on or after @entity902 -based chemotherapy. @entity1 with @entity470 or anaplastic @entity706 aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving ramucirumab. This approval was based on an improvement in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) with an acceptable @entity137 profile in a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 1,253 @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 previously treated with a @entity902 -based combination therapy. @entity1 were randomized 1:1 to receive either ramucirumab in combination with @entity1205 or placebo in combination with @entity1205 . The primary endpoint was @entity1349 . @entity1 who received ramucirumab in combination with @entity1205 had improved @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75, 0.98). Median @entity1349 was 10.5 months on the ramucirumab plus @entity1205 arm versus 9.1 months on the placebo plus @entity1205 arm. The most frequent (>= 30%) adverse reactions in ramucirumab-treated @entity1 were @entity1295 , @entity1398 , and @entity294 . The most frequent (>= 5%) grade 3 and 4 adverse reactions in the ramucirumab arm were @entity1295 , @entity1398 , @entity1398 , @entity1431 , and @entity101 . IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This report presents key information on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of ramucirumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, given in combination with @entity1205 for the treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 whose disease has progressed on or after @entity902 -based chemotherapy. This report specifically addresses the issues of safety in @entity1 with @entity1544 , effect of treatment in elderly @entity1 , and uncertainties regarding effects in @entity1 with @entity5 harboring @entity470 or anaplastic @entity706 aberrations.

title: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval Summary: Ramucirumab for the Treatment of Metastatic XXXX Following Disease Progression On or After @entity902 -Based Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma kinase genomic tumor']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : On December 12, 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ramucirumab for use in combination with @entity1205 for the treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with disease progression on or after @entity902 -based chemotherapy. @entity1 with @entity470 or anaplastic @entity706 aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving ramucirumab. This approval was based on an improvement in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) with an acceptable @entity137 profile in a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 1,253 @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 previously treated with a @entity902 -based combination therapy. @entity1 were randomized 1:1 to receive either ramucirumab in combination with @entity1205 or placebo in combination with @entity1205 . The primary endpoint was @entity1349 . @entity1 who received ramucirumab in combination with @entity1205 had improved @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75, 0.98). Median @entity1349 was 10.5 months on the ramucirumab plus @entity1205 arm versus 9.1 months on the placebo plus @entity1205 arm. The most frequent (>= 30%) adverse reactions in ramucirumab-treated @entity1 were @entity1295 , @entity1398 , and @entity294 . The most frequent (>= 5%) grade 3 and 4 adverse reactions in the ramucirumab arm were @entity1295 , @entity1398 , @entity1398 , @entity1431 , and @entity101 . IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This report presents key information on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of ramucirumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, given in combination with @entity1205 for the treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 whose disease has progressed on or after @entity902 -based chemotherapy. This report specifically addresses the issues of safety in @entity1 with @entity1544 , effect of treatment in elderly @entity1 , and uncertainties regarding effects in @entity1 with @entity5 harboring @entity470 or anaplastic @entity706 aberrations.

title: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval Summary: Ramucirumab for the Treatment of Metastatic @entity1149 Following Disease Progression On or After XXXX -Based Chemotherapy.

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['Platinum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare two commercial sleep devices, an accelerometer worn as a wristband (UP) and a smartphone application (MotionX 24/7), against polysomnography (PSG) and actigraphy (Actiwatch2) in a clinical pediatric sample. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 and adolescents (N = 78, 65% male, mean age 8.4  4.0 y) with suspected @entity387 ( @entity387 ), simultaneously wore an actiwatch, a commercial wrist-based device and had a smartphone with a sleep application activated placed near their right shoulder, during their diagnostic PSG. Outcome variables were sleep onset latency (SOL), @entity25 ( @entity25 ), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and @entity25 ( @entity25 ). Paired comparisons were made between PSG, actigraphy, UP, and MotionX 24/7. Epoch-by-epoch comparisons determined sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy between PSG, actigraphy, and UP. Bland-Altman plots determined level of agreement. Differences in bias between @entity387 severity and developmental age were assessed. RESULTS: No differences in mean @entity25 , WASO, or @entity25 between PSG and actigraphy or PSG and UP were found. Actigraphy overestimated SOL (21 min). MotionX 24/7 underestimated SOL (12 min) and WASO (63 min), and overestimated @entity25 (106 min) and @entity25 (17%). UP showed good sensitivity (0.92) and accuracy (0.86) but poor specificity (0.66) when compared to PSG. Bland-Altman plots showed similar levels of bias in both actigraphy and UP. Bias did not differ by @entity387 severity, however was affected by age. CONCLUSIONS: When compared to PSG, UP was analogous to Actiwatch2 and may have some clinical utility in @entity1 with @entity387 . MotionX 24/7 did not accurately reflect sleep or wake and should be used with caution.

title: Comparison of Commercial Wrist-Based and Smartphone Accelerometers, Actigraphy, and PSG in a Clinical Cohort of XXXX and Adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['TST', 'sleep efficiency', 'SE', 'total sleep time']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disordered breathing', 'SDB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -The clinical course of @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) and advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ) subtended by progressive @entity1002 has received limited attention. Our aim was to assess the outcome of @entity712 and impact of treatment options including the @entity737 ( @entity737 ) and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in @entity1121 @entity1 evaluated at two Italian referral centers over 3 decades. METHODS AND RESULTS: -All-cause mortality and a combined end-point including death, @entity299 or appropriate @entity737 shock was assessed in 71 consecutive @entity1 with @entity712 not related to @entity3585 (7% of the entire @entity1121 cohort) followed for 6.1  6.9 years after development of NYHA class III-IV symptoms. At enrollment, LV ejection fraction was <50% in 55 @entity1 and >50% in 16; all had restrictive LV filling. During follow-up, 35 @entity1 died (49%%; 5-year rate 49%) and 53 met the combined end-point (75%; 5-year rate 62%). Most events occurred in the three years after @entity712 onset (17%/year, compared to only 3%/year subsequently). Appropriate @entity1457 occurred in 11 of 34 implanted @entity1 . Of 37 @entity1 evaluated for @entity299 , 14 were transplanted, 10 listed and 13 excluded; two early post- @entity299 deaths occurred in @entity1 with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Eleven of the 14 @entity299 @entity1 were alive at 10  8 years. CONCLUSIONS: -In @entity1121 , advanced @entity712 not associated with @entity3585 portends a severely unfavorable prognosis, particularly in the first three years following onset of symptoms, despite frequently preserved systolic function in about one quarter of the @entity1 . Outcome of @entity299 is favourable but requires early consideration, as the window of opportunity may be short.

title: Clinical Spectrum, Therapeutic Options, and Outcome of Advanced XXXX in @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['outflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['ICD shocks']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart transplantation', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -The clinical course of @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) and advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ) subtended by progressive @entity1002 has received limited attention. Our aim was to assess the outcome of @entity712 and impact of treatment options including the @entity737 ( @entity737 ) and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in @entity1121 @entity1 evaluated at two Italian referral centers over 3 decades. METHODS AND RESULTS: -All-cause mortality and a combined end-point including death, @entity299 or appropriate @entity737 shock was assessed in 71 consecutive @entity1 with @entity712 not related to @entity3585 (7% of the entire @entity1121 cohort) followed for 6.1  6.9 years after development of NYHA class III-IV symptoms. At enrollment, LV ejection fraction was <50% in 55 @entity1 and >50% in 16; all had restrictive LV filling. During follow-up, 35 @entity1 died (49%%; 5-year rate 49%) and 53 met the combined end-point (75%; 5-year rate 62%). Most events occurred in the three years after @entity712 onset (17%/year, compared to only 3%/year subsequently). Appropriate @entity1457 occurred in 11 of 34 implanted @entity1 . Of 37 @entity1 evaluated for @entity299 , 14 were transplanted, 10 listed and 13 excluded; two early post- @entity299 deaths occurred in @entity1 with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Eleven of the 14 @entity299 @entity1 were alive at 10  8 years. CONCLUSIONS: -In @entity1121 , advanced @entity712 not associated with @entity3585 portends a severely unfavorable prognosis, particularly in the first three years following onset of symptoms, despite frequently preserved systolic function in about one quarter of the @entity1 . Outcome of @entity299 is favourable but requires early consideration, as the window of opportunity may be short.

title: Clinical Spectrum, Therapeutic Options, and Outcome of Advanced @entity712 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this work is to evaluate the utility of multimodal intraoperative monitoring (IOM) during intramedullary @entity4097 (IMSCT) surgery in our institution, and to investigate which IOM events are likely to be encountered during critical surgical phases. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 who underwent IMSCT surgery with IOM were included in this study. Our multimodal IOM assessment included SSEP, mMEP, and fEMG monitoring. Positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, and specificity were assessed 24  h and 1  month after surgery. The IOM events during three main surgical phases were also investigated. For mMEP assessment, two warning criteria (>50  % decrease in mMEP amplitude and all-or-none mMEP amplitude presence) were employed. RESULTS: Long-term outcome prediction was better when the all-or-none criterion was applied than when the >50  % amplitude decrease criterion was applied. Based on the all-or-none criterion, the @entity2286 , NPV, sensitivity, and specificity were 60, 100, 100, and 91  %. Frequent IOM events were observed during the three major main surgical phases. Seven (29  %) @entity1 showed SSEP events during opening of the spinal cord. During @entity5 removal, 21 of 25 @entity1 (84  %) had IOM events, and 13 of 18 (72  %) of the fEMG events occurred prior to the mMEP events. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the association of fEMG events with upcoming mMEP events during @entity5 removal, we recommend inclusion of fEMG monitoring in IOM. Multimodal IOM provides useful electrophysiological information during IMSCT surgery, especially during the main surgical phases.

title: Multimodal intraoperative monitoring during intramedullary XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumor']

answer: @entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['spinal cord tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Corticosteroid injections are commonly used in the treatment of @entity923 in adults. This study sought to determine success rates early on and at one year postoperatively of a single corticosteroid injection while identifying prognostic indicators for symptom recurrence and repeat intervention. METHODS: Fifty-four consecutive wrists in forty-nine @entity1 with @entity923 treated with a single @entity228 injection were prospectively enrolled. Demographic data and information on comorbidities were identified with a study-specific questionnaire. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire was administered prior to injection. @entity1 returned to clinic at six weeks and were contacted at three, six, nine, and twelve months post-injection to determine symptom and intervention status. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression modeling were used to estimate recurrence rates and to identify predictors of symptom recurrence and repeat intervention. RESULTS: Fifty-four symptomatic wrists in forty-nine @entity1 with a mean age of fifty-three years were included. Two @entity1 (two wrists) were lost to follow-up. @entity1 reported symptom recurrence in thirty-one wrists at a median duration of 155 days post-injection. Nineteen wrists underwent carpal tunnel release at a median time of 181 days after the injection. No @entity1 underwent a repeat injection. In our study, @entity6 @entity1 were at a 2.6-fold greater risk of reporting recurring symptoms within a one-year follow-up period. Survivorship free from symptom recurrence was 53% at six months and 31% at twelve months; survivorship from repeat intervention was 81% at six months and 66% at twelve months. CONCLUSIONS: A single injection achieved symptom relief in 79% of @entity1 at six weeks; these results were maintained in 31% of @entity1 at twelve months. @entity6 @entity1 were at higher risk of symptom recurrence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Prognostic Indicators for Recurrent Symptoms After a Single Corticosteroid Injection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['Carpal Tunnel Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Proper artificial nutrition for @entity1 who are unable to eat normally is an ongoing, unresolved concern in geriatric medicine and home medical care. Controversy surrounds prognostic differences between parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2 methods for artificial nutrition. OBJECTIVES: Short-term outcomes of parenteral and enteral nutrition for @entity1 who are unable to eat normally were compared and analyzed. DESIGN: Data were acquired from @entity1 selected from a national inpatient database covering 1057 hospitals in Japan. @entity1 had received artificial nutrition between April 2012 and March 2013, were aged >= 20 y, and did not have @entity5 . They were separated into 2 groups: those who received parenteral nutrition and those who received enteral nutrition. We performed one-to-one propensity score matching between the groups. The primary outcome measurements were mortality rates at 30 and 90 d after the start of the procedure. The secondary outcomes were postprocedural complications, @entity55 , and @entity295 . We analyzed survival length of stay after the procedure with the use of a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: There were 3750 @entity1 in the parenteral group and 22,166 @entity1 in the enteral group. Propensity score matching created 2912 pairs in the 2 groups. @entity1 with a similar propensity score (probability of being assigned to the enteral group) calculated from the baseline condition were matched. Mortality rates at 30 and 90 d after start of treatment were 7.6% vs. 5.7% (P = 0.003) and 12.3% vs. 9.9% (P = 0.002) in the parenteral and enteral groups, respectively. In Cox regression analysis, the HR for the enteral group relative to the parenteral group was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.71; P < 0.001). The incidences of @entity55 and @entity295 were 11.9% vs. 15.5% (P < 0.001) and 4.4% vs. 3.7% (P = 0.164) for the parenteral and enteral groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: The present analysis showed the better survival rate with enteral compared with parenteral nutrition for adults who were not suffering from @entity5 . This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02512224.

title: Comparison of short-term mortality and morbidity between parenteral and enteral nutrition for adults without XXXX : a propensity-matched analysis using a national inpatient database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['postprocedural pneumonia', 'pneumonia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3822 is an uncommon condition that could be easily confused with @entity712 . In symptomatic @entity1 , septal "wobble" on echocardiography may be an important sign of constrictive physiology. This study was planned to investigate the effects of @entity15496 on septal motion as identified by echocardiography. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, nine consecutive @entity1 with @entity15496 underwent careful echocardiographic analysis of the interventricular septum (IVS) with slow motion 2-dimensional echocardiography and inspiratory manoeuvres. Six @entity1 who had undergone cardiac magnetic resonance imaging underwent similar analysis. Findings were correlated with haemodynamic data in five @entity1 who had undergone cardiac catheterisation studies. RESULTS: In mild cases of @entity15496 a single wobble of the IVS was seen during normal respiration. In more moderate cases a double motion of the septum (termed "double wobble") was seen where the septum bowed initially into the left ventricle (LV) cavity in @entity15071 then relaxed to the middle only to deviate again into the LV cavity late in @entity15071 after atrial contraction. In severe cases, the septum bowed into the LV cavity for the full duration of @entity15071 (pan-diastolic motion). We describe how inspiration also helped to characterize the severity of @entity15496 especially in mild to moderate cases. CONCLUSION: Echocardiography appears a simple tool to help diagnose @entity15496 and grade its severity. Larger studies are needed to confirm whether the type of wobble motions helps to grade the severity of @entity3822 .

title: A Potential Echocardiographic Classification for XXXX Based on Analysis of Abnormal Septal Motion.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis', 'Constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity15496 :: ('MESH:D015877', 'Disease') :: ['constriction']

answer: @entity3822 :: (MESH:D010494,Disease) :: ['Constrictive Pericarditis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aims. Inhibitors of the MET pathway hold promise in the treatment for metastatic @entity703 . Assessment of predictive biomarkers may be necessary for appropriate @entity1 selection. Understanding MET expression in metastases and the correlation to the primary site is important, as distant tissue is not always available. Methods and Results. MET immunofluorescence was performed using automated quantitative analysis and a tissue microarray containing matched nephrectomy and distant metastatic sites from 34 @entity1 with @entity1358 . Correlations between MET expressions in matched primary and metastatic sites and the extent of heterogeneity were calculated. The mean expression of MET was not significantly different between primary @entity5 when compared to metastases (P = 0.1). MET expression weakly correlated between primary and matched metastatic sites (R = 0.5) and a number of cases exhibited very high levels of discordance between these @entity5 . Heterogeneity within nephrectomy specimens compared to the paired metastatic tissues was not significantly different (P = 0.39). Conclusions. We found that MET expression is not significantly different in primary @entity5 than metastatic sites and only weakly correlates between matched sites. Moderate concordance of MET expression and significant expression heterogeneity may be a barrier to the development of predictive biomarkers using MET targeting agents.

title: MET Expression in Primary and Metastatic XXXX : Implications of Correlative Biomarker Assessment to MET Pathway Inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: Both @entity10694 and @entity5165 + exert a @entity308 action on the twitch amplitude elicited by nerve stimulations more rapidly than that by muscle stimulation. @entity5165 + was relatively more potent than @entity10694 in the nerve @entity308 action but was weaker on the muscle. @entity10694 induced a rapid phase and a slow phase of @entity1159 in the diaphragm, while @entity5165 + induced only a slow one. The biphasic @entity1159 induced by @entity10694 could be inhibited by repetitive washout of the diaphragm with low @entity141 (10(-3) mM) Krebs and also by treatment with @entity653 to close T-tubule, while the slow @entity1159 induced by @entity5165 + was little affected by @entity653 treatment. None of denervation, @entity2899 and @entity1022 inhibited the @entity1159 induced by @entity10694 and @entity5165 +, indicating that the @entity1159 was induced by a direct action on the muscle. @entity10694 , but not @entity5165 +, rapidly caused a decrease of the membrane potential, decreased the amplitude and prolonged the duration of the muscle action potential. @entity10694 also initially decreased and then increased 45 @entity141 uptake of the diaphragm, but @entity5165 + had no effect, except a prolonged incubation at a high concentration. The action of @entity10694 could be antagonized by @entity2041 , and @entity5165 + was more susceptible than @entity10694 to the antagonistic action of @entity2041 . Both @entity10694 and @entity5165 + did not change the @entity855 content of the diaphragm. All of these findings indicate that the monovalent organic @entity5165 +, with a higher lipophilicity, possesses a higher affinity to the nerve while the divalent cationic @entity10694 exerted more effects than @entity5165 + on the sarcolemma of the @entity19 diaphragm.

title: Differential effects of mercurial and methylmercurial ions on the phrenic nerve and diaphragm of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The primary audience of poison prevention programs is the parent(s) of @entity1 less than 6 years of age. Literature review reveals few references assessing other caretakers as risk factors in childhood @entity4968 . The frequency and severity of calls to the poison center by nonparental caretakers was studied. A total of 4,205 @entity4968 cases involving @entity1 under 6 years of age were analyzed. In 11.9% of the cases the caretaker at the time of exposure was someone other than the parents and the site of the exposure was other than the @entity1 's home. Of the 3,702 cases where the exposure occurred while the @entity1 was supervised by the parents in their home, 90.2% were treated in the home and 72.4% required dilution only. Grandparents represented 39.6% of caretakers other than the parents. In these cases 44.6% required treatment beyond dilution, indicating more serious exposures in this group. Ingestion of cardiovascular drugs occurred in 12.3% of calls from grandparents as opposed to 0.7% of calls initiated by parents. Poisoning exposures involving @entity1 under six years of age, where the caretaker is other than the parents, and the site is other than the @entity1 's home, are often more serious. Poison prevention information programs are needed to reduce the risk factors among this group.

title: Accidental childhood XXXX : influence of the type of caretaker on etiology and risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In severely symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) and mild @entity1184 , @entity340 may play an important role in MV displacement into the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract. Therefore, isolated myectomy may not relieve outflow obstruction and symptoms, and MV replacement is often the surgical alternative. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the clinical and hemodynamic results of cutting thickened secondary MV chordae combined with a shallow septal muscular resection in severely symptomatic @entity1 with obstructive @entity1121 and mild @entity1184 . METHODS: Clinical features were compared before surgery and at most recent clinical evaluation in 39 consecutive @entity1 with obstructive @entity1121 . RESULTS: Over a 23    2 months follow-up, New York Heart Association functional class decreased from 2.9    0.5 pre-operatively to 1.1    1.1 post-operatively (p  < 0.001), with no @entity1 in class III at most recent evaluation. The resting outflow gradient decreased from 82    43 mm Hg to 9    5 mm  Hg (p  < 0.001) and septal thickness decreased from 17    1 mm to 14    2 mm (p  < 0.001). No @entity1 had MV prolapse or flail and 1 had residual moderate-to-severe MV regurgitation at most recent evaluation. MV geometry before and after surgery was compared with that of 25  consecutive @entity1 with similar clinical profile and septal thickness that underwent isolated myectomy. After adjustment for differences in pre-operative values between the groups, the post-operative anterior MV leaflet-annulus ratio was 17% greater and tenting area 24% smaller in @entity1 with chordal cutting, indicating that MV apparatus had moved to a more normal posterior position within the LV cavity, preventing MV systolic displacement into the outflow tract and outflow obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure relieves @entity712 , abolishes LV outflow gradient, and avoids MV replacement in @entity1 with obstructive @entity1121 and mild septal thickness.

title: Transaortic Chordal Cutting: Mitral Valve Repair for Obstructive XXXX With Mild @entity1184 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['septal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve (MV) abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In severely symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) and mild @entity1184 , @entity340 may play an important role in MV displacement into the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract. Therefore, isolated myectomy may not relieve outflow obstruction and symptoms, and MV replacement is often the surgical alternative. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the clinical and hemodynamic results of cutting thickened secondary MV chordae combined with a shallow septal muscular resection in severely symptomatic @entity1 with obstructive @entity1121 and mild @entity1184 . METHODS: Clinical features were compared before surgery and at most recent clinical evaluation in 39 consecutive @entity1 with obstructive @entity1121 . RESULTS: Over a 23    2 months follow-up, New York Heart Association functional class decreased from 2.9    0.5 pre-operatively to 1.1    1.1 post-operatively (p  < 0.001), with no @entity1 in class III at most recent evaluation. The resting outflow gradient decreased from 82    43 mm Hg to 9    5 mm  Hg (p  < 0.001) and septal thickness decreased from 17    1 mm to 14    2 mm (p  < 0.001). No @entity1 had MV prolapse or flail and 1 had residual moderate-to-severe MV regurgitation at most recent evaluation. MV geometry before and after surgery was compared with that of 25  consecutive @entity1 with similar clinical profile and septal thickness that underwent isolated myectomy. After adjustment for differences in pre-operative values between the groups, the post-operative anterior MV leaflet-annulus ratio was 17% greater and tenting area 24% smaller in @entity1 with chordal cutting, indicating that MV apparatus had moved to a more normal posterior position within the LV cavity, preventing MV systolic displacement into the outflow tract and outflow obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure relieves @entity712 , abolishes LV outflow gradient, and avoids MV replacement in @entity1 with obstructive @entity1121 and mild septal thickness.

title: Transaortic Chordal Cutting: Mitral Valve Repair for Obstructive @entity1121 With Mild XXXX .

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['Septal Hypertrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the use of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) or bevacizumab ( @entity1493 ) as adjunctive in the needling revision of failed trabeculectomy blebs. METHODS: @entity726 @entity1 with failed trabeculectomy were included. @entity4530 were excluded. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon at the operating room under peribulbar blockade. Rate of success, intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of antiglaucoma drugs in use were compared before and after the procedures. The IOP was measured postoperatively at days 1, 30, 90, and 180. Absolute success was defined as IOP  <=18 mm Hg, without any complication or use of any antiglaucomatous drugs. Qualified success was the same criteria, but with the use of any antiglaucomatous drugs. RESULTS: Twenty-nine eyes of 29 @entity1 were included: 15 eyes with @entity1139 and 14 eyes with @entity1493 . There was no statistical difference in the IOP reduction between the groups ( @entity1139 32.6    16.1% vs @entity1493 30.1    12.0%, p = 0.6).  The @entity1493 group showed similar reduction in the number of antiglaucoma drugs compared to the @entity1139 group (p = 0.6). Absolute success was found in 28.5% of the @entity1493 group and in 6.6% of @entity1 with @entity1139 . Qualified success was found in 64.3% and 73.4%, respectively, both limited to 180 days. CONCLUSIONS: In this selected and limited group of @entity1 , bevacizumab can be considered as an alternative to @entity1139 in the needling revision of failed trabeculectomy. Studies with a larger number of @entity1 and longer follow-up are needed to confirm the hypothesis suggested here.

title: Prospective study comparing XXXX or bevacizumab as adjuvant in trabeculectomy revision by needling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic blebs']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: We aimed to estimate the total number of serious @entity364 occurring yearly in Belgium. The number of @entity281 was retrieved from the National Reference Center for @entity3217 . Populations at risk and @entity364 frequencies in these populations were used to estimate incidence or prevalence of other @entity364 . The Belgian population consists of 11.10 million @entity1 . @entity1330 is rare. In all, 15 of the 1227 newly diagnosed @entity645 / @entity791 cases presented with @entity19141 jirovecii @entity55 . This accounts for   14% of total @entity7678 cases (n  =  120). The incidence of candidaemia is estimated as 5/100  000 resulting in 555 cases and 213 deaths. A total number of 675 @entity3 cases and >= 169 deaths attributed to this infection were calculated. Chronic @entity57 is estimated to be prevalent in 662 cases. Allergic @entity57 cases were estimated to be 23  119 applying a 2.5% and 15% rate in adult @entity565 and cystic @entity82 @entity1 respectively. Severe @entity565 with fungal sensitisation cases was estimated to be 30  402. There were 174  760 @entity1 with recurrent @entity6923 assuming a 6% rate in @entity1 aged between 15 and 50. Approximately 233  000 @entity1 of the Belgian population (2.1%) are estimated to suffer from a @entity364 on a yearly basis.

title: Burden of serious XXXX in Belgium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis', 'bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida vaginitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['Cryptococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity19141 :: ('MESH:D016720', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: We report a rare case of advanced @entity1358 which showed complete resolution of multiple @entity3 following nephrectomy, partial metastatectomy and interferon therapy. A 55-year-old male @entity1 underwent right nephrectomy for the @entity1358 with @entity3 to the right lung and the left femur. In 45 days from the nephrectomy, @entity3 to the right humerus was discovered. Immediately after this, the @entity1 suffered occlusive ileus. Laparotomy revealed multiple @entity4056 , and a temporary partial jejunotomy was performed for the detectable lesions proved to be @entity3 later. After this operation the @entity358 revealed regression. Then, the @entity1 was treated with daily intramuscular administration of @entity1 lymphoblastic interferon (3 X 10(6) units). In consequence, the @entity358 showed complete resolution in two months and the humeral lesion in five months. The left femur which remained osteolytic was replaced by an artificial bone, and revealed no @entity5 cells histologically. No evidence of metastatic lesion has been found with following intestinal examinations. More than a year has passed since the detection of disease and complete response has persisted for three months under the interferon therapy.

title: [A case of complete resolution of multiple @entity3 of advanced XXXX following partial jejunotomy in intestinal @entity3 and interferon therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: We report a rare case of advanced @entity1358 which showed complete resolution of multiple @entity3 following nephrectomy, partial metastatectomy and interferon therapy. A 55-year-old male @entity1 underwent right nephrectomy for the @entity1358 with @entity3 to the right lung and the left femur. In 45 days from the nephrectomy, @entity3 to the right humerus was discovered. Immediately after this, the @entity1 suffered occlusive ileus. Laparotomy revealed multiple @entity4056 , and a temporary partial jejunotomy was performed for the detectable lesions proved to be @entity3 later. After this operation the @entity358 revealed regression. Then, the @entity1 was treated with daily intramuscular administration of @entity1 lymphoblastic interferon (3 X 10(6) units). In consequence, the @entity358 showed complete resolution in two months and the humeral lesion in five months. The left femur which remained osteolytic was replaced by an artificial bone, and revealed no @entity5 cells histologically. No evidence of metastatic lesion has been found with following intestinal examinations. More than a year has passed since the detection of disease and complete response has persisted for three months under the interferon therapy.

title: [A case of complete resolution of multiple XXXX of advanced @entity1358 following partial jejunotomy in intestinal @entity3 and interferon therapy].

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: We report a rare case of advanced @entity1358 which showed complete resolution of multiple @entity3 following nephrectomy, partial metastatectomy and interferon therapy. A 55-year-old male @entity1 underwent right nephrectomy for the @entity1358 with @entity3 to the right lung and the left femur. In 45 days from the nephrectomy, @entity3 to the right humerus was discovered. Immediately after this, the @entity1 suffered occlusive ileus. Laparotomy revealed multiple @entity4056 , and a temporary partial jejunotomy was performed for the detectable lesions proved to be @entity3 later. After this operation the @entity358 revealed regression. Then, the @entity1 was treated with daily intramuscular administration of @entity1 lymphoblastic interferon (3 X 10(6) units). In consequence, the @entity358 showed complete resolution in two months and the humeral lesion in five months. The left femur which remained osteolytic was replaced by an artificial bone, and revealed no @entity5 cells histologically. No evidence of metastatic lesion has been found with following intestinal examinations. More than a year has passed since the detection of disease and complete response has persisted for three months under the interferon therapy.

title: [A case of complete resolution of multiple @entity3 of advanced @entity1358 following partial jejunotomy in intestinal XXXX and interferon therapy].

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']