abstract: All available beta-blockers are effective in the treatment of @entity101 . Differences in the pharmacokinetics are important as they can have an impact on their clinical use. @entity9004 , a @entity8652 -selective blocker has a long biological half-life which can control the blood pressure and pulse rate for 24 hours. The authors investigated 20 @entity1 with mild and medium severe @entity101 by out- @entity1 monitoring of the blood pressure. Treatment was focused on influencing the morning rise of blood pressure and pulse rate. The results confirm the effectiveness of @entity9004 (Lokren) in the administered dose of 10-20 mg once per day. A favourable response was obtained in 75% when checked by a sphygmomanometer. The morning readings of blood pressure at 5, 6 and 7 o'clock following treatment did not exceed 90 mmHg diastolic pressure. It was also found that there is a statistically significant difference in the effect exerted on pressure and pulse rate in daytime, while the difference at nighttime is not significant. This mild reduction on blood pressure and pulse rate during the night is an advantage in particular in elderly @entity1 . Lokren treatment did not have any serious side-effects it did not affect laboratory values or ECG with the exception of the pulse rate.

title: [ @entity9004 in the treatment of mild and medium XXXX --long-term effects].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9004 :: ('MESH:D015784', 'Chemical') :: ['betaxolol', 'Betaxolol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: All available beta-blockers are effective in the treatment of @entity101 . Differences in the pharmacokinetics are important as they can have an impact on their clinical use. @entity9004 , a @entity8652 -selective blocker has a long biological half-life which can control the blood pressure and pulse rate for 24 hours. The authors investigated 20 @entity1 with mild and medium severe @entity101 by out- @entity1 monitoring of the blood pressure. Treatment was focused on influencing the morning rise of blood pressure and pulse rate. The results confirm the effectiveness of @entity9004 (Lokren) in the administered dose of 10-20 mg once per day. A favourable response was obtained in 75% when checked by a sphygmomanometer. The morning readings of blood pressure at 5, 6 and 7 o'clock following treatment did not exceed 90 mmHg diastolic pressure. It was also found that there is a statistically significant difference in the effect exerted on pressure and pulse rate in daytime, while the difference at nighttime is not significant. This mild reduction on blood pressure and pulse rate during the night is an advantage in particular in elderly @entity1 . Lokren treatment did not have any serious side-effects it did not affect laboratory values or ECG with the exception of the pulse rate.

title: [ XXXX in the treatment of mild and medium @entity101 --long-term effects].

answer: @entity9004 :: (MESH:D015784,Chemical) :: ['Betaxolol hydrochloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Air pollutants from wildfires and @entity28 independently exacerbate @entity565 , yet no study has determined the combined effects of these 2 variables on @entity565 outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of 2 catastrophic wildfires affecting the Southern California region (in 2003 and 2007) on several @entity565 outcomes in a cohort of @entity1 . METHODS: To investigate the association between wildfire exposure and @entity565 outcomes, we stratified our study population by body mass index categories (underweight, normal, overweight, and @entity28 ) and @entity10688 codes (to distinguish individuals who were closer to the fires vs farther away). The primary outcome was the prevalence of physician-dispensed short-acting b-agonist (SABAs). Secondary outcomes included the rate of emergency department visits and/or hospitalizations for @entity565 , the frequency of oral @entity228 use for @entity565 , and number of new diagnoses of @entity565 . RESULTS: A total of 2,195 and 3,965 asthmatic @entity1 were analyzed as part of our retrospective cohort during the 2003 and 2007 wildfires, respectively. @entity6411 dispensing increased the most in the @entity28 group after the 2003 wildfires (P < .05). Increased prevalence of @entity6411 dispensing was also noted in the @entity28 group in 2007, but this was not statistically higher than the increases seen in other body mass index groups. There was no observed increase in emergency department and/or hospitalization rates, oral @entity228 dispensing frequency, or new @entity565 diagnoses after either wildfire. CONCLUSION: Catastrophic wildfires lead to worsening @entity565 outcomes, particularly in @entity28 individuals. This study gives further evidence of a link between @entity28 and @entity565 severity and suggests that air pollutants released during wildfires can have substantial detrimental effects on @entity565 control.

title: Effect of catastrophic wildfires on asthmatic outcomes in XXXX @entity1 : breathing fire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Air pollutants from wildfires and @entity28 independently exacerbate @entity565 , yet no study has determined the combined effects of these 2 variables on @entity565 outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of 2 catastrophic wildfires affecting the Southern California region (in 2003 and 2007) on several @entity565 outcomes in a cohort of @entity1 . METHODS: To investigate the association between wildfire exposure and @entity565 outcomes, we stratified our study population by body mass index categories (underweight, normal, overweight, and @entity28 ) and @entity10688 codes (to distinguish individuals who were closer to the fires vs farther away). The primary outcome was the prevalence of physician-dispensed short-acting b-agonist (SABAs). Secondary outcomes included the rate of emergency department visits and/or hospitalizations for @entity565 , the frequency of oral @entity228 use for @entity565 , and number of new diagnoses of @entity565 . RESULTS: A total of 2,195 and 3,965 asthmatic @entity1 were analyzed as part of our retrospective cohort during the 2003 and 2007 wildfires, respectively. @entity6411 dispensing increased the most in the @entity28 group after the 2003 wildfires (P < .05). Increased prevalence of @entity6411 dispensing was also noted in the @entity28 group in 2007, but this was not statistically higher than the increases seen in other body mass index groups. There was no observed increase in emergency department and/or hospitalization rates, oral @entity228 dispensing frequency, or new @entity565 diagnoses after either wildfire. CONCLUSION: Catastrophic wildfires lead to worsening @entity565 outcomes, particularly in @entity28 individuals. This study gives further evidence of a link between @entity28 and @entity565 severity and suggests that air pollutants released during wildfires can have substantial detrimental effects on @entity565 control.

title: Effect of catastrophic wildfires on asthmatic outcomes in @entity28 XXXX : breathing fire.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: These studies investigated cytokine and chemokine receptor profiles in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, and the effects of receptor stimulation on mRNA levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, degrading enzymes and cytokine and chemokine expression. METHOD: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to localise expression of @entity404 , @entity16951 , @entity7415 and @entity7416 in @entity1 NP tissue samples. Effects of cytokine and chemokine stimulation was performed to investigate effects related to ECM remodelling and modulation of cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression. RESULTS: IHC identified @entity404 , @entity16951 , @entity7415 and @entity7416 expression by NP cells. Differential expression profiles were observed for @entity404 and @entity7416 in tissue samples from degenerate and infiltrated IVDs. In  vitro stimulations of primary @entity1 NP cultures with @entity17090 , @entity2842 , @entity10557 , @entity7721 or @entity687 did not identify any modulatory effects on parameters associated with ECM remodelling or expression of other cytokines and chemokines. Conversely, @entity1192 was seen to modulate ECM remodelling and expression of all other cytokines and chemokines investigated. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time that NP cells express a number of cytokine and chemokine receptors and thus could respond in an autocrine or paracrine manner to cytokines and chemokines produced by NP cells, particularly during @entity528 . However, this study failed to demonstrate regulatory effects on ECM genes and degradative enzymes or other cytokines and chemokines for any target investigated, with the exception of @entity1192 . This suggests that @entity1192 is a master regulator within the IVD and may exert regulatory potential over a plethora of other cytokines and chemokines.

title: Potential roles of cytokines and chemokines in @entity1 intervertebral disc degeneration: XXXX is a master regulator of catabolic processes.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['tissue degeneration']

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: These studies investigated cytokine and chemokine receptor profiles in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, and the effects of receptor stimulation on mRNA levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, degrading enzymes and cytokine and chemokine expression. METHOD: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to localise expression of @entity404 , @entity16951 , @entity7415 and @entity7416 in @entity1 NP tissue samples. Effects of cytokine and chemokine stimulation was performed to investigate effects related to ECM remodelling and modulation of cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression. RESULTS: IHC identified @entity404 , @entity16951 , @entity7415 and @entity7416 expression by NP cells. Differential expression profiles were observed for @entity404 and @entity7416 in tissue samples from degenerate and infiltrated IVDs. In  vitro stimulations of primary @entity1 NP cultures with @entity17090 , @entity2842 , @entity10557 , @entity7721 or @entity687 did not identify any modulatory effects on parameters associated with ECM remodelling or expression of other cytokines and chemokines. Conversely, @entity1192 was seen to modulate ECM remodelling and expression of all other cytokines and chemokines investigated. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time that NP cells express a number of cytokine and chemokine receptors and thus could respond in an autocrine or paracrine manner to cytokines and chemokines produced by NP cells, particularly during @entity528 . However, this study failed to demonstrate regulatory effects on ECM genes and degradative enzymes or other cytokines and chemokines for any target investigated, with the exception of @entity1192 . This suggests that @entity1192 is a master regulator within the IVD and may exert regulatory potential over a plethora of other cytokines and chemokines.

title: Potential roles of cytokines and chemokines in XXXX intervertebral disc degeneration: @entity1192 is a master regulator of catabolic processes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fc-gamma receptors (FcyRs) have been shown to play a crucial role in cartilage degradation during experimental @entity625 . Although most of their effect on cartilage degradation has been attributed to their potential to promote @entity32 in the presence of immunoglobulins, activating FcyRs promote cartilage degeneration in @entity625 ( @entity625 ) independently of the level of @entity32 . This prompted us to investigate, whether FcyRs may also play a @entity571 ( @entity571 )-related cartilage degradation. METHODS: FcyR expression was measured by RT-PCR and @entity10062 in @entity19 cartilage tissue and chondrocytes. Experimental @entity571 was induced by destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) in WT @entity19 and animals lacking either activating (Fc receptor y-chain-deficient) or inhibitory (FcyRIIB-deficient) FcyRs. Cartilage damage was investigated histologically 8 weeks post-surgery by assessing proteoglycan loss and structural damage according to OARSI recommendations. Osteophyte size was measured to investigate alterations in bone turnover. RESULTS: Expression analyses revealed significant levels for all four types of @entity19 FcyRs in @entity19 chondrocytes and cartilage tissue from newborn and 8-week-old @entity19 . Surprisingly, yet, ablation of either activating or inhibitory FcyRs did not affect cartilage @entity79 during @entity38094 -induced @entity571 in @entity19 . CONCLUSION: While FcyRs appear to have a crucial role in cartilage degradation during @entity625 our data indicate that FcyRs do not influence cartilage destruction in experimental @entity571 . This indicates that a certain threshold of @entity32 is a prerequisite for FcyR-induced cartilage destruction in @entity625 .

title: Fc-gamma receptors are not involved in cartilage damage during experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis', 'antigen-induced arthritis', 'AIA', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['role in osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['damage or bone turnover']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: From 1975 to 1991, stage IE @entity6595 was diagnosed or treated in 40 @entity1 at our institution. Thirty-five evaluable @entity1 were the subject of this analysis (median age, 63 years). All histologic specimens were reviewed and classified according to the working formulation. Immunohistochemical stains were performed in 33 of 35 cases. The following histologic subtypes were identified: 26 @entity1 had diffuse large cell, 2 had diffuse mixed cell, and 7 had mucosa-associated @entity1072 ( @entity1072 with features of @entity1074 ). Of the 35 @entity1 , 30 (86%) underwent laparotomy, with subtotal or total gastrectomy performed in 29. After gastrectomy, 17 @entity1 had radiation therapy, 3 had chemotherapy, 2 had radiation plus chemotherapy, and 7 had no further treatment. Five @entity1 were diagnosed with endoscopic biopsy and had radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both without further surgical treatment. The median follow-up period was 69.2 months. The commonest presenting symptom was @entity158 . The 5-year disease-free survival was 90% for the entire group and 88% for the 28 @entity1 with working formulation intermediate histology. For @entity1 with @entity1074 , the 5-year disease-free survival was 100%. The prognosis for @entity1 with stage IE working formulation intermediate-histology @entity6595 is good and for those with stage IE @entity1074 , excellent.

title: Management of stage IE primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic lymphoma', 'small lymphocytic lymphoma']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32 is one of the consequences of infection with the protozoan parasite @entity3204 . Even if lesions are self-healing in immunocompetent @entity1 , they pose a life-time risk of reactivation and are a serious threat to vision. As there are virtually no immunological data on reactivating @entity17577 , we established a model of direct intravitreal injection of parasites in previously infected @entity19 with a homologous type II strain. Two different @entity19 strains with variable ability to control @entity989 were studied in order to describe protective and deleterious reaction patterns. In Swiss-Webster @entity19 , which are already relatively resistant to @entity281 , no peak of parasite load was observed upon reinfection. In contrast, the susceptible inbred strain C57Bl/6 showed high parasite loads after 7 days, as well as marked deterioration of retinal architecture. Both parameters were back to normal at day 21. C57Bl/6 @entity19 also reacted with a strong local production of inflammatory and @entity630 type cytokines like @entity777 , @entity636 and IFN-y, while Swiss-Webster @entity19 only showed moderate expression of the @entity61 cytokine @entity69132 . Interestingly, rapid intraocular production of anti- @entity3204 antibodies was observed in Swiss-Webster, but not C57Bl/6 @entity19 . We then localized the cellular source of different immune mediators within the retina by immunofluorescence. Finally, neutralization experiments of IFN-y or @entity777 demonstrated the respective protective and deleterious roles of these cytokines for parasite control and retinal integrity during reinfection. In conclusion, we developed and immunologically characterized a promising @entity19 model of reactivating @entity17577 .

title: XXXX driven inflammatory response induces retinal pathology in a model of @entity17577 reactivation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17577 :: ('MESH:D014126', 'Disease') :: ['ocular toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infection']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal infection']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity777 :: (16193(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32 is one of the consequences of infection with the protozoan parasite @entity3204 . Even if lesions are self-healing in immunocompetent @entity1 , they pose a life-time risk of reactivation and are a serious threat to vision. As there are virtually no immunological data on reactivating @entity17577 , we established a model of direct intravitreal injection of parasites in previously infected @entity19 with a homologous type II strain. Two different @entity19 strains with variable ability to control @entity989 were studied in order to describe protective and deleterious reaction patterns. In Swiss-Webster @entity19 , which are already relatively resistant to @entity281 , no peak of parasite load was observed upon reinfection. In contrast, the susceptible inbred strain C57Bl/6 showed high parasite loads after 7 days, as well as marked deterioration of retinal architecture. Both parameters were back to normal at day 21. C57Bl/6 @entity19 also reacted with a strong local production of inflammatory and @entity630 type cytokines like @entity777 , @entity636 and IFN-y, while Swiss-Webster @entity19 only showed moderate expression of the @entity61 cytokine @entity69132 . Interestingly, rapid intraocular production of anti- @entity3204 antibodies was observed in Swiss-Webster, but not C57Bl/6 @entity19 . We then localized the cellular source of different immune mediators within the retina by immunofluorescence. Finally, neutralization experiments of IFN-y or @entity777 demonstrated the respective protective and deleterious roles of these cytokines for parasite control and retinal integrity during reinfection. In conclusion, we developed and immunologically characterized a promising @entity19 model of reactivating @entity17577 .

title: @entity777 driven inflammatory response induces retinal pathology in a model of XXXX reactivation.

answer: @entity17577 :: (MESH:D014126,Disease) :: ['ocular toxoplasmosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Osteoclasts rapidly form on the surface of bone chips at augmentation sites. The underlying molecular mechanism, however, is unclear. Soluble factors released from bone chips in  vitro have a robust impact on mesenchymal cell differentiation. Whether these soluble factors change the differentiation of hematopoietic cells into osteoclasts remains unknown. METHODS: Osteoclastogenesis, the formation of @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells, was studied with @entity19 bone marrow cultures exposed to @entity5271 and @entity9827 , and conditioned medium from fresh ( @entity27948 ) and demineralized bone matrix (DCM). Histochemical staining, gene and protein expression, as well as viability assays were performed. RESULTS: This study shows that @entity27948 had no impact on osteoclastogenesis. However, when @entity27948 was heated to 85  C (BCMh), the number of @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells that developed in the presence of @entity5271 and @entity9827 approximately doubled. In line with the histochemical observations, there was a trend that BCMh increased expression of osteoclast marker genes, in particular the transcription factor @entity9830 . The expression of @entity9830 was significantly reduced by the @entity641 receptor I antagonist @entity21795 . @entity17058 significantly stimulated osteoclastogenesis, independent of thermal processing. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that activated @entity27948 by heat and @entity1072 are able to stimulate osteoclastogenesis in  vitro. These in  vitro results support the notion that the resorption of autografts may be supported by as yet less defined paracrine mechanisms.

title: Conditioned medium from fresh and demineralized bone enhances osteoclastogenesis in XXXX bone marrow cultures.

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Ectopic @entity699 (ECS) @entity5 (NETs) of the lung and mediastinum are rarely encountered. In this study, we present our experience in Iran on 15 @entity1 with ECS secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity5 over a period of 27 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 1985, 15 @entity1 with ECS secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity5 have been diagnosed and prospectively followed by the endocrinology team of Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, radiological features, immunohistochemical characteristics, management strategies and outcome data are here presented. RESULTS: There were six @entity1 and nine @entity1 , aged 26-70 years, all presenting with typical features of @entity699 . Based on histopathologic evaluations, four @entity1 had @entity151 ( @entity151 ) and seven @entity1 had pulmonary NETs, one @entity1 had a thymic NET, and one case was diagnosed as a @entity358 . The mean    SD serum cortisol, 24h urine free cortisol and plasma ACTH were 47.2    20.5  g/dL, 2,702    5,439  g/day, and 220    147 pg/mL, respectively. @entity358 ranged in diameter from 1.1 to 4 cm (mean 1.9    1.1 cm). One @entity1 had a 10 cm mediastinal mass. The duration of follow up in these cases was between one month and seven years (mean 29.9    27.5 months). The four @entity1 with @entity151 died within three months of diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrates the protean clinical and laboratory manifestations of ECS secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity5 , the problems encountered in diagnosis, and the need for a multidisciplinary approach. This study confirms other series from Western Europe and North America that, unlike the @entity151 @entity1 who show a poor outlook, ECS @entity358 has a more favourable prognosis.

title: Ectopic XXXX secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity5 - report from a tertiary care centre in Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['secondary to neuroendocrine tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome", 'Cushing s syndrome']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumourlet', 'secondary to lung carcinoids', 'Pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Ectopic @entity699 (ECS) @entity5 (NETs) of the lung and mediastinum are rarely encountered. In this study, we present our experience in Iran on 15 @entity1 with ECS secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity5 over a period of 27 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 1985, 15 @entity1 with ECS secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity5 have been diagnosed and prospectively followed by the endocrinology team of Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, radiological features, immunohistochemical characteristics, management strategies and outcome data are here presented. RESULTS: There were six @entity1 and nine @entity1 , aged 26-70 years, all presenting with typical features of @entity699 . Based on histopathologic evaluations, four @entity1 had @entity151 ( @entity151 ) and seven @entity1 had pulmonary NETs, one @entity1 had a thymic NET, and one case was diagnosed as a @entity358 . The mean    SD serum cortisol, 24h urine free cortisol and plasma ACTH were 47.2    20.5  g/dL, 2,702    5,439  g/day, and 220    147 pg/mL, respectively. @entity358 ranged in diameter from 1.1 to 4 cm (mean 1.9    1.1 cm). One @entity1 had a 10 cm mediastinal mass. The duration of follow up in these cases was between one month and seven years (mean 29.9    27.5 months). The four @entity1 with @entity151 died within three months of diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrates the protean clinical and laboratory manifestations of ECS secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity5 , the problems encountered in diagnosis, and the need for a multidisciplinary approach. This study confirms other series from Western Europe and North America that, unlike the @entity151 @entity1 who show a poor outlook, ECS @entity358 has a more favourable prognosis.

title: Ectopic @entity699 secondary to lung and mediastinal XXXX - report from a tertiary care centre in Iran.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual and economic benefits of same-day bilateral @entity231 surgery versus separate-day bilateral @entity231 surgery in the United States. SETTING: Private practice, Amarillo, Texas, USA. DESIGN: Prospective controlled nonrandomized clinical trial. METHODS: A cohort of @entity1 having same-day bilateral @entity231 surgery was age-matched with a cohort of control @entity1 who had standard separate-day bilateral @entity231 surgery. The primary outcome was a comparison of the direct cost for the @entity1 , physician, ambulatory surgery center (ASC), and third-party payer. RESULTS: The same-day cohort (42 @entity1 , 84 eyes) had similar baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes as the control cohort (42 @entity1 , 84 eyes). The same-day cohort had less total distance traveled for care (P = .0039 and P < .0001 for in-town and out-of-town residents, respectively), less total time spent traveling for care (P = .0008 and P < .0001 for in-town and out-of-town residents, respectively), less total number of visits required for care (P < .0001), and less total time for vision recovery (P < .0001) than the control cohort. The physician and ASC reimbursements were lower in the same-day cohort (P = .0028 and P = .0016, respectively), whereas the total physician time spent caring for the @entity1 in surgery was not different between the 2 groups (P = .7310). The total ASC expenses were higher in the same-day cohort (P < .0001). The total third-party payer cost was significantly less in the same-day cohort (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Visual and economic benefits for the @entity1 can be achieved with same-day bilateral @entity231 surgery in the U.S. at the present time. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Prospective analysis of outcomes and economic factors of same-day bilateral XXXX surgery in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: @entity2971 , the precursor of @entity2969 ( @entity2969 ), is hypothesized to arise during embryogenesis from developmentally arrested primordial germ cells (PGCs) or gonocytes. In early embryonal life, the PGCs migrate from the yolk sac to the dorsal body wall where the cell population separates before colonizing the genital ridges. However, whether the malignant transformation takes place before or after this separation is controversial. We have explored the somatic exome-wide mutational spectra of bilateral @entity2969 to provide novel insight into the in utero critical time frame of malignant transformation and @entity2969 pathogenesis. Exome sequencing was performed in five @entity1 with bilateral @entity2969 ( @entity5 ), of these three @entity1 in whom both @entity5 were available (six @entity5 ) and two @entity1 each with only one available @entity5 (two @entity5 ). Selected loci were explored by Sanger sequencing in 71 @entity1 with bilateral @entity2969 . From the exome-wide mutational spectra, no identical mutations in any of the three bilateral @entity5 pairs were identified. Exome sequencing of all @entity5 revealed 87 somatic non-synonymous mutations (median 10 per @entity5 ; range 5-21), some in already known @entity5 genes such as @entity4637 , NEB, @entity675 ( @entity675 ), and @entity50601 . @entity71596 was found recurrently mutated in two @entity5 . We suggest independent development lineages of bilateral @entity2969 . Thus, malignant transformation into intratubular germ cell @entity5 is likely to occur after the migration of PGCs. We reveal possible drivers of @entity2969 pathogenesis, such as mutated @entity675 , potentially with therapeutic implications for @entity2969 @entity1 .

title: Exome sequencing of bilateral XXXX suggests independent development lineages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity675 :: ('5156', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFRA', 'platelet-derived growth factor receptor a']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['Intratubular germ cell neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'eight tumors', 'cancer', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['testicular germ cell tumors', 'TGCTs', 'TGCT']

answer: @entity2969 :: (MESH:C563236,Disease) :: ['testicular germ cell tumors']


abstract: @entity12897 ( @entity12897 ) volume was calculated using various methods in the stifles of @entity1237 , in which the cranial cruciate ligament had been transected on one side. Measurements were performed prior to surgery and again 4, 8, and 18 weeks following surgery, by measuring the dilution of an injected radioactive tracer diluted by the @entity12897 . Later, 7 months following surgery, @entity12897 volume measurements using simple arthrocentesis were performed on stifles in 9 of the @entity1237 , and the @entity12897 that could not be aspirated, was calculated using 2 indirect methods simultaneously on identical fluids in 3 of these @entity1237 . @entity12897 was also collected directly during staged arthrotomy of the stifles in 4 @entity1237 . There were conflicting results between methods, but the resulting calculated @entity12897 volumes seemed to be larger in the operated stifles compared to the controls for all the methods at about the same degree. The 2 indirect methods used to calculate the fluid remaining in the joints following arthrocentesis gave disparate volume calculations. The experiments revealed sources of error in all methods. Direct methods failed to acquire the total fluid volume, and indirect methods were subject to improper mixing and escape of the injected fluid or synovial fluid or both. It was concluded that none of the methods could be used to measure the "true" volume of @entity12897 , if such a concept exists and can be defined. None of the methods were considered reliable to compare volumes in different type of joints containing this type of fluid. It was, however, concluded that all the methods gave indication of increased @entity12897 volume present on a relative basis when paired joints were compared.

title: Methods and errors in measurements of synovial fluid volume in stifles with low volume and high viscosity synovial fluid. An experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['SF', 'Synovial fluid']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: The diagnostic utility of obtaining chest and abdomen computed tomography (CT) to evaluate for invasive @entity364 (IFI) before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) remains unclear. The study was conducted as a quality improvement project. Chest and abdomen CT of @entity1 who underwent an allogeneic HSCT over a 13-month period were reviewed. Scans included those performed pretransplant in all @entity1 and days 0 to 100 post-transplant in selected @entity1 . Sixty-six @entity1 had chest and abdomen CT scans pretransplant. Chest CT was suggestive of IFI in 9 @entity1 (13.6%), including 3 @entity1 with prior history of IFI. After transplant, 37 @entity1 had an initial chest CT and 14 @entity1 an initial abdominal CT. The first chest CT post-transplant was suggestive of IFI in 3 @entity1 ; all had an abnormal CT pretransplant. After the initial post-transplant evaluation, 15 @entity1 had 28 additional CT scans of the chest and 12 @entity1 19 additional CT scans of the abdomen. An abnormal chest CT with proven evidence of IFI was seen in only 1 @entity1 . None of the 99 abdominal CT scans performed pre- or post-transplant had evidence of IFI. There is little benefit in obtaining abdominal CT scans in HSCT @entity1 for detecting IFI either pre- or post-transplant.

title: Routine pre- and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant computed tomography of the abdomen for detecting invasive XXXX has limited value.

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of circle of Willis CT angiography with shaded-surface display in the detection and assessment of suspected @entity438 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 who had clinical or radiologic suspicion of @entity438 were studied prospectively with CT angiography and conventional angiography. The images were obtained and interpreted in a double-blind fashion by different radiologists. Conventional angiography, which was the reference standard in this study, diagnosed 17 @entity439 in 15 @entity1 . The usefulness of the two types of images for surgical planning was evaluated by two neurosurgeons. RESULTS: No @entity439 were detected with either technique in eight @entity1 . Both techniques showed 15 @entity439 in 14 @entity1 . The maximum dimensions were less than 3.0 mm in three cases, 3.0-5.0 mm in four cases, and greater than 5.0 mm in eight cases. With conventional angiography used as the reference standard, CT angiography has one false-positive and two false-negative findings, resulting in a sensitivity of 88% (15/17) and a specificity of 89% (8/9). For 12 of 15 @entity439 , CT angiography was rated equal or superior to conventional angiography in depicting all aspects (shape, orientation, neck, and parent vessel) of the @entity439 . CONCLUSION: We were able to detect @entity439 of the circle of Willis as small as 2 mm in size. Using conventional angiography as the reference standard, CT angiography has a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 89% for the detection of @entity439 in the circle of Willis. In almost all cases, CT angiography was equal or superior to conventional angiography in characterizing the @entity439 for surgical planning.

title: Detection and assessment of XXXX : value of CT angiography with shaded-surface display.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity209 ( @entity209 ) refers to a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that is associated with an increased risk of @entity73 and @entity303 . It is unclear however, if the presence of the @entity209 is associated with a particular clinical profile or a different prognosis in @entity1 with @entity73 or early @entity303 . OBJECTIVES: To compare 1) the clinical profile and 2) the prognosis of @entity1 attending a memory clinic according to the presence or absence of @entity209 . DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort. SETTING: Memory clinic. @entity1 : We included and followed 86 consecutive @entity1 (average age of 66.7 (SD 9.7)) from the Amsterdam @entity303 Cohort with an MMSE>22. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical profile (neuropsychological examination, brain MRI, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, clinical diagnosis) on an initial standardized diagnostic assessment was compared according to @entity209 status. Progression to @entity303 was assessed in initially nondemented @entity1 (subjective complaints n=40, mild @entity73 n=24, follow-up available in 59). RESULTS: 35 (41%) @entity1 met the @entity209 criteria. Demographics were similar between @entity1 with or without the @entity209 . At baseline, diagnosis, cognitive performance, severity of @entity455 on MRI, and CSF amyloid and tau levels did not differ between the groups (all p>0.05). Among nondemented @entity1 , however, @entity209 was associated with worse performance on executive function, attention _ speed and visuoconstructive ability (z-scores, p<0.05). During a mean follow-up of 3.4years a similar proportion of @entity1 with (4; 17%) and without (6; 17%) the @entity209 progressed to @entity303 (p=0.45). CONCLUSION: Among nondemented @entity1 presenting at a memory clinic @entity209 was associated with slightly worse cognitive performance (worse on tasks assessing executive functions, visuo-constructive ability, attention _ speed), but conversion rate to @entity303 was not increased.

title: The XXXX in a memory clinic population: Relation with clinical profile and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative or vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive complaints', 'cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Signalling via b-adrenergic receptors activates heterotrimeric G-proteins, which dissociate into a and by subunits. In salivary glands, the a subunit of Gs stimulates @entity1920 cyclase, increasing @entity1919 levels and promoting exocytosis. The goals of this study were to determine Gas localization in salivary glands and whether it undergoes redistribution upon activation. METHODS: @entity19 parotid and submandibular ( @entity12565 ) glands were fixed with @entity1604 and prepared for immunofluorescence labelling with anti-Gas. RESULTS: In unstimulated parotid and @entity12565 acinar cells, Gas was localized mainly to basolateral membranes. Some parotid acinar cells also exhibited cytoplasmic fluorescence. @entity3044 ( @entity4856 ) stimulation resulted in decreased membrane fluorescence and increased cytoplasmic fluorescence, which appeared relatively uniform by 30 min. Beginning about 2 h after @entity4856 , cytoplasmic fluorescence decreased and membrane fluorescence increased, approaching unstimulated levels in @entity12565 acini by 4 h. Some parotid acini exhibited cytoplasmic fluorescence up to 8 h after @entity4856 . The @entity4856 -induced redistribution of Gas was prevented ( @entity12565 ) or reduced (parotid) by prior injection of @entity1169 . Striated duct cells of unstimulated @entity19 exhibited general cytoplasmic fluorescence, which was unchanged after @entity4856 . CONCLUSIONS: Gas is localized to basolateral membranes of unstimulated salivary acinar cells. Activation of Gas causes its release from the cell membrane and movement into the cytoplasm. Reassociation of Gas with the membrane begins about 2 h after stimulation in the @entity12565 , but complete reassociation takes several hours in the parotid gland. The presence of Gas in striated duct cells suggests a role in signal transduction of secretion and/or electrolyte transport processes.

title: Redistribution of Gas in XXXX salivary glands following b-adrenergic stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In three @entity1 with @entity1582 , stage IIIA, a complete remission lasting from 6 to 8 years was attained, in spite of the fact that not all of them received treatment. In the latter case the remission lasted from 5 to 6 years. One of the @entity1 had diffuse Gk + @entity24272 @entity1582 , one presented with multiple focal one with protein @entity24272 production, and one @entity1 had multiple focal @entity1582 with @entity1745 and complete @entity13197 without verified secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulin. The times of therapy until the attainment of a complete remission were 3,5 and 13 years, whereas the total survival amounted to 9, 5 and 20 years since the appearance of the first disease symptoms. @entity3601 was employed as the basic cytostatic agent in all the cases. Annual control examinations of the @entity1 in a state of remission have not revealed any signs of @entity1582 . One @entity1 is manifesting @entity690 , however biopsy withdrawn from the focus of osteolysis have not shown any @entity5 . Immunochemical assay of serum and urine has failed to detect paraprotein, blood immunoglobulins have been discovered to be within normal. The author analyses 4 similar cases reported in literature. It is assumed that it would be premature to regard the @entity1 described above as completely recovered from the biological standpoint and that it would be more wise to consider such cases as prolonged and fairly profound remissions.

title: [Possibility of complete recovery in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13197 :: ('MESH:D010264', 'Disease') :: ['lower paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['Sarcolysine']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic deficiencies']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Although bacterial endotoxins have potent effects on blood monocytes and tissue macrophages, the role of alveolar macrophages in regulating intrapulmonary neutrophil traffic following endotoxemia has not been studied previously. We have previously reported that a single intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin from @entity526 serotype 055B5 causes @entity55 by neutrophils (PMN) in @entity35 . The factors which influence the migration of PMN in the lung in this model are unknown. To determine whether macrophage-derived products could play a role in directing migration, we enumerated neutrophils in histologic sections and employed electron microscopy to document the location of neutrophils in the lung in vivo following endotoxin. We also cultured the alveolar macrophages recovered by lung lavage to measure the effect of their culture supernatants on neutrophil migration in vitro. In the first 6 hr following endotoxin, and also 24 hr later, there was an increase in the number of PMN enumerated in the lung parenchyma by light microscopy. Electron microscopy showed the location of the neutrophils to be exclusively intravascular at 6 hr. By contrast, neutrophils were observed in both interstitial and bronchoalveolar spaces at 24 hr, confirming that transvascular migration was active at that time. The pulmonary macrophages which were recovered by lung lavage from groups of @entity35 sacrificed at 4 and at 15 hr following the administration of endotoxin were assayed for the release into culture media of migration-stimulatory activity for neutrophils. Macrophages from animals sacrificed 4 hr following endotoxin released less migration-stimulating activity into media than macrophages from controls. These macrophages could be stimulated to release migration-stimulating activity into culture media at levels comparable to macrophages from controls by the addition of opsonized Zymosan to the culture media. By contrast, macrophages from animals sacrificed 15 hr after endotoxin spontaneously released more migration-stimulating activity for neutrophils than did macrophages from controls. Thus, in this model, a specific increase in the synthesis or release by alveolar macrophages of factors which stimulate the migration of neutrophils in vitro coincided with a transition from intravascular to extravascular @entity32 by neutrophils in vivo. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity358 may contribute to the regulation of @entity32 following endotoxemia by releasing factors which influence the migration of neutrophils.

title: Role of alveolar macrophages in endotoxin-induced neutrophilic alveolitis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alveolar macrophages']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main defect of immunoglobulin A @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) lies within the immune system and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells rather than in the kidney. Previously, we found an altered gene expression in monocytes compared with B and T cells isolated from @entity6994 @entity1 ; thus, our aim here has been to study this subset at a genome-wide and functional level. METHODS: A total of 39 @entity6994 @entity1 and 37 @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) were included in this study, and microarray technology was used to evaluate global gene expression differences in monocytes isolated from @entity6994 @entity1 and @entity1503 . Aberrantly expressed genes and pathways were then validated on an independent set of @entity6994 @entity1 with RT-PCR western blot and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: Gene expression differences in monocytes from @entity6994 @entity1 and @entity1503 primarily involved apoptosis signalling, @entity2383 , @entity9589 signalling. Both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways seem to be implicated; in particular, the protein levels of @entity56943 and @entity10736 were upregulated thus confirming the altered mitochondrial and death receptor homeostasis. Furthermore, the basal intracellular protein levels of @entity310 in monocytes were lower in @entity6994 @entity1 compared with @entity1503 . We validated at protein level an enhanced apoptotic phenotype and a different subset distribution in monocytes from @entity6994 @entity1 . We found that the non-classical monocyte subset ( @entity5750 (+) @entity4071 (+)) was significantly expanded in all @entity6994 @entity1 tested even though the total monocyte count remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, an aberrant modulation of the mitochondrial respiratory system in monocytes isolated from @entity6994 @entity1 . Furthermore, the aberrant expansion of the ( @entity5750 (+) @entity4071 (+)) subset could explain the enhanced apoptotic phenotype seen in these cells thus revealing their potential role in the pathogenesis of @entity6994 .

title: Altered monocyte expression and expansion of non-classical monocyte subset in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['healthy blood donors', 'HBDs']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main defect of immunoglobulin A @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) lies within the immune system and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells rather than in the kidney. Previously, we found an altered gene expression in monocytes compared with B and T cells isolated from @entity6994 @entity1 ; thus, our aim here has been to study this subset at a genome-wide and functional level. METHODS: A total of 39 @entity6994 @entity1 and 37 @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) were included in this study, and microarray technology was used to evaluate global gene expression differences in monocytes isolated from @entity6994 @entity1 and @entity1503 . Aberrantly expressed genes and pathways were then validated on an independent set of @entity6994 @entity1 with RT-PCR western blot and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: Gene expression differences in monocytes from @entity6994 @entity1 and @entity1503 primarily involved apoptosis signalling, @entity2383 , @entity9589 signalling. Both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways seem to be implicated; in particular, the protein levels of @entity56943 and @entity10736 were upregulated thus confirming the altered mitochondrial and death receptor homeostasis. Furthermore, the basal intracellular protein levels of @entity310 in monocytes were lower in @entity6994 @entity1 compared with @entity1503 . We validated at protein level an enhanced apoptotic phenotype and a different subset distribution in monocytes from @entity6994 @entity1 . We found that the non-classical monocyte subset ( @entity5750 (+) @entity4071 (+)) was significantly expanded in all @entity6994 @entity1 tested even though the total monocyte count remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, an aberrant modulation of the mitochondrial respiratory system in monocytes isolated from @entity6994 @entity1 . Furthermore, the aberrant expansion of the ( @entity5750 (+) @entity4071 (+)) subset could explain the enhanced apoptotic phenotype seen in these cells thus revealing their potential role in the pathogenesis of @entity6994 .

title: Altered monocyte expression and expansion of non-classical monocyte subset in @entity8 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Food safety authorities discovered that @entity1707 meat products contaminated with @entity8416 had entered the food chain in Germany in March 2013. Public health authorities issued guidelines for health professionals including post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using @entity7400 and advised the public to seek medical advice if exposed. Our objective was to identify factors associated with the development of @entity8573 and to evaluate post exposure prophylaxis. METHODS:    @entity1 who reported to local public health departments as exposed were interviewed concerning exposure, symptoms and medication. Serum samples were tested by an in-house @entity8416 -specific ELISA. Cases were defined as @entity1 presenting with @entity925 and/or periorbital @entity4 and @entity8416 -specific IgM and IgG antibodies after exposure to implicated products. RESULTS:    Of 101 @entity1 interviewed, 71 were exposed and serologically tested. Antibodies were detected in 21/71 (30%) and 14/71 (20%) met the case definition. Attack rates were positively correlated to the amount of implicated product consumed. Among n=37 @entity1 who received anthelmintics as PEP, six @entity1 developed @entity8573 . These cases exclusively occurred among @entity1 starting PEP six days or later post exposure. Exposure to implicated products and delaying PEP were also significantly associated with developing @entity8573 (p<0.01) in a multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION:    Concerted efforts by food safety and public health authorities lead to timely outbreak control and facilitated the provision of early PEP. PEP appears to be effective in preventing @entity8573 when given early, preferably within 6 days. We therefore recommend initiating PEP without delay in similar settings and encourage public health professionals to fast-track this intervention.

title: Outbreak of XXXX due to @entity1707 meat and evaluation of the effectiveness of post exposure prophylaxis, Germany, 2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity8416 :: ('6334', 'Species') :: ['Trichinella spiralis', 'Trichinella']

entities_list: @entity8573 :: ('MESH:D014235', 'Disease') :: ['trichinellosis']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['mebendazole']

answer: @entity8573 :: (MESH:D014235,Disease) :: ['Trichinellosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Food safety authorities discovered that @entity1707 meat products contaminated with @entity8416 had entered the food chain in Germany in March 2013. Public health authorities issued guidelines for health professionals including post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using @entity7400 and advised the public to seek medical advice if exposed. Our objective was to identify factors associated with the development of @entity8573 and to evaluate post exposure prophylaxis. METHODS:    @entity1 who reported to local public health departments as exposed were interviewed concerning exposure, symptoms and medication. Serum samples were tested by an in-house @entity8416 -specific ELISA. Cases were defined as @entity1 presenting with @entity925 and/or periorbital @entity4 and @entity8416 -specific IgM and IgG antibodies after exposure to implicated products. RESULTS:    Of 101 @entity1 interviewed, 71 were exposed and serologically tested. Antibodies were detected in 21/71 (30%) and 14/71 (20%) met the case definition. Attack rates were positively correlated to the amount of implicated product consumed. Among n=37 @entity1 who received anthelmintics as PEP, six @entity1 developed @entity8573 . These cases exclusively occurred among @entity1 starting PEP six days or later post exposure. Exposure to implicated products and delaying PEP were also significantly associated with developing @entity8573 (p<0.01) in a multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION:    Concerted efforts by food safety and public health authorities lead to timely outbreak control and facilitated the provision of early PEP. PEP appears to be effective in preventing @entity8573 when given early, preferably within 6 days. We therefore recommend initiating PEP without delay in similar settings and encourage public health professionals to fast-track this intervention.

title: Outbreak of @entity8573 due to XXXX meat and evaluation of the effectiveness of post exposure prophylaxis, Germany, 2013.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['wild boar']


abstract: The realization that low-glycemic index diets were formulated using resistant starch led to more than a decade of research on the health effects of resistant starch. Determination of the metabolizable energy of the resistant starch product allowed for the performance of isocaloric studies. Fermentation of resistant starch in rodent studies results in what appears to be a healthier gut, demonstrated by increased amounts of @entity22780 , an apparent positive change in the microbiota, and increased gene expression for gene products involved in normal healthy proliferation and apoptosis of potential @entity5 cells. Additionally, consumption of resistant starch was associated with reduced abdominal fat and improved @entity2690 sensitivity. Increased serum @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) likely plays a role in promoting these health benefits. One rodent study that did not use isocaloric diets demonstrated that the use of resistant starch at 8% of the weight of the diet reduced body fat. This appears to be approximately equivalent to the @entity1 fiber requirement. In @entity1 subjects, @entity2690 sensitivity is increased with the feeding of resistant starch. However, only 1 of several studies reports an increase in serum @entity5445 associated with resistant starch added to the diet. This means that other mechanisms, such as increased intestinal gluconeogenesis or increased @entity1254 , may be involved in the promotion of improved @entity2690 sensitivity. Future research may confirm that there will be improved health if @entity1 individuals consume the requirement for dietary fiber and a large amount of the fiber is fermentable.

title: Role of resistant starch in improving gut health, adiposity, and XXXX resistance.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity22780 :: ('MESH:D005232', 'Chemical') :: ['short-chain fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide 1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Volatile anesthetics exert cardioprotective effects during @entity741 . This investigation examined the regional systolic and diastolic mechanical responses to brief left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) occlusion in the central @entity63 zone and in remote normal myocardium in the conscious state and during @entity10233 and @entity5161 anesthesia. METHODS: Eighteen experiments were performed in nine @entity235 chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic and left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, @entity3980 coronary blood flow velocity, and @entity3980 and left circumflex coronary artery subendocardial segment length. Regional myocardial contractility was evaluated with the slope of the preload recruitable @entity64 work relationship determined from a series of left ventricular pressure-segment length diagrams in the @entity3980 and left circumflex coronary artery zones. Diastolic function was assessed with a time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau), maximum segment lengthening velocity in @entity3980 and left circumflex coronary artery regions, and regional chamber stiffness constants derived using monoexponential and three-element exponential curve fitting in each zone. On separate experimental days, hemodynamics and indices of regional functional were obtained in the conscious state and during 1.1 and 1.6 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal @entity10233 or @entity5161 before and during @entity432 . RESULTS: In conscious @entity235 , @entity432 abolished @entity64 work, increased chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.39 +/- 0.04 during control to 1.34 +/- 0.39 mm-1 during @entity432 ), and decreased the rate of early ventricular filling in the @entity63 zone. These changes were accompanied by increased contractility (slope: 103 +/- 8 during control to 112 +/- 7 mmHg during @entity432 ), rapid filling rate (maximum segment lengthening velocity: 46 +/- 5 during control to 55 +/- 7 mm.s-1 during @entity432 ), and chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.43 +/- 0.05 during control to 1.14 +/- 0.25 mm-1 during @entity432 ) in the normal region. Increases in tau were also observed in the conscious state during the period of @entity741 . @entity10233 and @entity5161 increased tau and decreased the slope and maximum segment lengthening velocity in a dose-related manner. Monoexponential and three-element element exponential curve fitting were unchanged by the volatile anesthetics in the absence of @entity63 . @entity296 and rapid filling rate were enhanced in the nonischemic region during @entity432 in the presence of @entity10233 and @entity5161 . In contrast to the findings in the conscious state, @entity63 -induced increases in tau and chamber stiffness in the @entity63 and normal zones were attenuated during anesthesia induced by @entity10233 and @entity5161 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that increases in contractility of remote myocardium during brief regional @entity63 were preserved in the presence of @entity10233 and @entity5161 anesthesia. In addition, @entity10233 and @entity5161 blunted @entity63 -induced increases in tau and regional chamber stiffness in both the @entity63 and nonischemic zones. These results demonstrate that the volatile anesthetics may exert important beneficial actions on left ventricular mechanics in the presence of severe @entity66 and diastolic function during @entity63 .

title: XXXX and @entity5161 exert modest beneficial actions on left ventricular diastolic function during @entity741 in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['regional stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial contractility']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in systolic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane', 'Desflurane']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity10233 :: (MESH:C053562,Chemical) :: ['Desflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Volatile anesthetics exert cardioprotective effects during @entity741 . This investigation examined the regional systolic and diastolic mechanical responses to brief left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) occlusion in the central @entity63 zone and in remote normal myocardium in the conscious state and during @entity10233 and @entity5161 anesthesia. METHODS: Eighteen experiments were performed in nine @entity235 chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic and left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, @entity3980 coronary blood flow velocity, and @entity3980 and left circumflex coronary artery subendocardial segment length. Regional myocardial contractility was evaluated with the slope of the preload recruitable @entity64 work relationship determined from a series of left ventricular pressure-segment length diagrams in the @entity3980 and left circumflex coronary artery zones. Diastolic function was assessed with a time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau), maximum segment lengthening velocity in @entity3980 and left circumflex coronary artery regions, and regional chamber stiffness constants derived using monoexponential and three-element exponential curve fitting in each zone. On separate experimental days, hemodynamics and indices of regional functional were obtained in the conscious state and during 1.1 and 1.6 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal @entity10233 or @entity5161 before and during @entity432 . RESULTS: In conscious @entity235 , @entity432 abolished @entity64 work, increased chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.39 +/- 0.04 during control to 1.34 +/- 0.39 mm-1 during @entity432 ), and decreased the rate of early ventricular filling in the @entity63 zone. These changes were accompanied by increased contractility (slope: 103 +/- 8 during control to 112 +/- 7 mmHg during @entity432 ), rapid filling rate (maximum segment lengthening velocity: 46 +/- 5 during control to 55 +/- 7 mm.s-1 during @entity432 ), and chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.43 +/- 0.05 during control to 1.14 +/- 0.25 mm-1 during @entity432 ) in the normal region. Increases in tau were also observed in the conscious state during the period of @entity741 . @entity10233 and @entity5161 increased tau and decreased the slope and maximum segment lengthening velocity in a dose-related manner. Monoexponential and three-element element exponential curve fitting were unchanged by the volatile anesthetics in the absence of @entity63 . @entity296 and rapid filling rate were enhanced in the nonischemic region during @entity432 in the presence of @entity10233 and @entity5161 . In contrast to the findings in the conscious state, @entity63 -induced increases in tau and chamber stiffness in the @entity63 and normal zones were attenuated during anesthesia induced by @entity10233 and @entity5161 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that increases in contractility of remote myocardium during brief regional @entity63 were preserved in the presence of @entity10233 and @entity5161 anesthesia. In addition, @entity10233 and @entity5161 blunted @entity63 -induced increases in tau and regional chamber stiffness in both the @entity63 and nonischemic zones. These results demonstrate that the volatile anesthetics may exert important beneficial actions on left ventricular mechanics in the presence of severe @entity66 and diastolic function during @entity63 .

title: @entity10233 and XXXX exert modest beneficial actions on left ventricular diastolic function during @entity741 in @entity235 .

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Volatile anesthetics exert cardioprotective effects during @entity741 . This investigation examined the regional systolic and diastolic mechanical responses to brief left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) occlusion in the central @entity63 zone and in remote normal myocardium in the conscious state and during @entity10233 and @entity5161 anesthesia. METHODS: Eighteen experiments were performed in nine @entity235 chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic and left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, @entity3980 coronary blood flow velocity, and @entity3980 and left circumflex coronary artery subendocardial segment length. Regional myocardial contractility was evaluated with the slope of the preload recruitable @entity64 work relationship determined from a series of left ventricular pressure-segment length diagrams in the @entity3980 and left circumflex coronary artery zones. Diastolic function was assessed with a time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau), maximum segment lengthening velocity in @entity3980 and left circumflex coronary artery regions, and regional chamber stiffness constants derived using monoexponential and three-element exponential curve fitting in each zone. On separate experimental days, hemodynamics and indices of regional functional were obtained in the conscious state and during 1.1 and 1.6 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal @entity10233 or @entity5161 before and during @entity432 . RESULTS: In conscious @entity235 , @entity432 abolished @entity64 work, increased chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.39 +/- 0.04 during control to 1.34 +/- 0.39 mm-1 during @entity432 ), and decreased the rate of early ventricular filling in the @entity63 zone. These changes were accompanied by increased contractility (slope: 103 +/- 8 during control to 112 +/- 7 mmHg during @entity432 ), rapid filling rate (maximum segment lengthening velocity: 46 +/- 5 during control to 55 +/- 7 mm.s-1 during @entity432 ), and chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.43 +/- 0.05 during control to 1.14 +/- 0.25 mm-1 during @entity432 ) in the normal region. Increases in tau were also observed in the conscious state during the period of @entity741 . @entity10233 and @entity5161 increased tau and decreased the slope and maximum segment lengthening velocity in a dose-related manner. Monoexponential and three-element element exponential curve fitting were unchanged by the volatile anesthetics in the absence of @entity63 . @entity296 and rapid filling rate were enhanced in the nonischemic region during @entity432 in the presence of @entity10233 and @entity5161 . In contrast to the findings in the conscious state, @entity63 -induced increases in tau and chamber stiffness in the @entity63 and normal zones were attenuated during anesthesia induced by @entity10233 and @entity5161 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that increases in contractility of remote myocardium during brief regional @entity63 were preserved in the presence of @entity10233 and @entity5161 anesthesia. In addition, @entity10233 and @entity5161 blunted @entity63 -induced increases in tau and regional chamber stiffness in both the @entity63 and nonischemic zones. These results demonstrate that the volatile anesthetics may exert important beneficial actions on left ventricular mechanics in the presence of severe @entity66 and diastolic function during @entity63 .

title: @entity10233 and @entity5161 exert modest beneficial actions on left ventricular diastolic function during XXXX in @entity235 .

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Volatile anesthetics exert cardioprotective effects during @entity741 . This investigation examined the regional systolic and diastolic mechanical responses to brief left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) occlusion in the central @entity63 zone and in remote normal myocardium in the conscious state and during @entity10233 and @entity5161 anesthesia. METHODS: Eighteen experiments were performed in nine @entity235 chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic and left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, @entity3980 coronary blood flow velocity, and @entity3980 and left circumflex coronary artery subendocardial segment length. Regional myocardial contractility was evaluated with the slope of the preload recruitable @entity64 work relationship determined from a series of left ventricular pressure-segment length diagrams in the @entity3980 and left circumflex coronary artery zones. Diastolic function was assessed with a time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau), maximum segment lengthening velocity in @entity3980 and left circumflex coronary artery regions, and regional chamber stiffness constants derived using monoexponential and three-element exponential curve fitting in each zone. On separate experimental days, hemodynamics and indices of regional functional were obtained in the conscious state and during 1.1 and 1.6 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal @entity10233 or @entity5161 before and during @entity432 . RESULTS: In conscious @entity235 , @entity432 abolished @entity64 work, increased chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.39 +/- 0.04 during control to 1.34 +/- 0.39 mm-1 during @entity432 ), and decreased the rate of early ventricular filling in the @entity63 zone. These changes were accompanied by increased contractility (slope: 103 +/- 8 during control to 112 +/- 7 mmHg during @entity432 ), rapid filling rate (maximum segment lengthening velocity: 46 +/- 5 during control to 55 +/- 7 mm.s-1 during @entity432 ), and chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.43 +/- 0.05 during control to 1.14 +/- 0.25 mm-1 during @entity432 ) in the normal region. Increases in tau were also observed in the conscious state during the period of @entity741 . @entity10233 and @entity5161 increased tau and decreased the slope and maximum segment lengthening velocity in a dose-related manner. Monoexponential and three-element element exponential curve fitting were unchanged by the volatile anesthetics in the absence of @entity63 . @entity296 and rapid filling rate were enhanced in the nonischemic region during @entity432 in the presence of @entity10233 and @entity5161 . In contrast to the findings in the conscious state, @entity63 -induced increases in tau and chamber stiffness in the @entity63 and normal zones were attenuated during anesthesia induced by @entity10233 and @entity5161 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that increases in contractility of remote myocardium during brief regional @entity63 were preserved in the presence of @entity10233 and @entity5161 anesthesia. In addition, @entity10233 and @entity5161 blunted @entity63 -induced increases in tau and regional chamber stiffness in both the @entity63 and nonischemic zones. These results demonstrate that the volatile anesthetics may exert important beneficial actions on left ventricular mechanics in the presence of severe @entity66 and diastolic function during @entity63 .

title: @entity10233 and @entity5161 exert modest beneficial actions on left ventricular diastolic function during @entity741 in XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimal design of stents for a @entity438 is desired for efficient flow reduction in the @entity439 . OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to optimize stent design at several porosities, estimate the influence of stent design on @entity439 flow, and evaluate the ability of stents to reduce flow. METHODS: Stent models were constructed as sets of squares or rectangles in the necks of a two-dimensional (2D) and realistic @entity439 . Then, automated optimization was performed using a combination of simulated annealing and lattice Boltzmann flow simulation. RESULTS: By simulated annealing, stents were gradually modified to reduce the average velocity in an @entity439 . As a result of optimization, stents of all porosities demonstrated an inhomogeneous distribution with dense struts in the inflow area. Flow reduction was increased compared with the initial stent. Under the condition of high porosity, flow reduction by the stent drastically increased as porosity decreased. Under low porosity, the increase of velocity reduction was moderate even as porosity decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Optimization can enhance flow reduction by stents. However, the increase in reduction associated with decreasing porosity is moderate under lower-porosity conditions. This threshold may help in the choice of stent porosity for each specific @entity439 .

title: Porosity dependency of an optimized stent design for an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) has become widely used without high-grade evidence of superiority regarding long-term clinical outcomes compared with open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), the gold standard. OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity1 -reported @entity322 and @entity323 12 mo after RALP or RRP. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : This was a prospective, controlled, nonrandomised trial of @entity1 undergoing prostatectomy in 14 centres using RALP or RRP. Clinical-record forms and validated @entity1 questionnaires at baseline and 12 mo after surgery were collected. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with logistic regression and adjusted for possible confounders. The primary end point was @entity322 (change of pad less than once in 24h vs one time or more per 24h) at 12 mo. Secondary end points were @entity323 at 12 mo and positive surgical margins. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of 2625 eligible @entity1 , 2431 (93%) could be evaluated for the primary end point. At 12 mo after RALP, 366 @entity1 (21.3%) were incontinent, as were 144 (20.2%) after RRP. The adjusted OR was 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-1.34). @entity323 was observed in 1200 @entity1 (70.4%) 12 mo after RALP and 531 (74.7%) after RRP. The adjusted OR was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.66-0.98). The frequency of positive surgical margins did not differ significantly between groups: 21.8% in the RALP group and 20.9% in the RRP group (adjusted OR: 1.09; 95% CI, 0.87-1.35). The nonrandomised design is a limitation. CONCLUSIONS: In a Swedish setting, RALP for @entity263 was modestly beneficial in preserving erectile function compared with RRP, without a statistically significant difference regarding @entity322 or surgical margins. @entity1 SUMMARY: We compared @entity1 -reported @entity322 after prostatectomy with two types of surgical technique. There was no statistically significant improvement in the rate of urinary leakage, but there was a small improvement regarding erectile function after robot-assisted operation.

title: Urinary Incontinence and XXXX After Robotic Versus Open Radical Prostatectomy: A Prospective, Controlled, Nonrandomised Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['Erectile Dysfunction']


abstract: Neospora caninum-induced abortion is a major production problem in the dairy @entity291 industry in the United States and worldwide. Abortions attributable to naturally acquired N @entity281 also have been observed in pygmy @entity1237 . We studied experimentally induced @entity281 with N caninum in pregnant pygmy does to determine whether abortions attributable to N @entity281 would occur after inoculation. Seven pregnant pygmy does (1 control doe and 6 inoculated with N caninum) were studied. The control doe remained clinically normal throughout the study and delivered 2 healthy kids. Abortion, @entity5617 , and stillbirths were observed in some pregnant does inoculated with N caninum. Two pregnant pygmy does inoculated with N caninum early in gestation (day 51) had fetuses that died and were aborted, or died and were reabsorbed. Neospora caninum tachyzoites and lesions were observed in the brain, spinal cord, and heart of aborted fetuses; parasites also were isolated from the placenta. Four additional pregnant pygmy does (2 inoculated at mid-gestation [day 85], and 2 at late gestation [day 127]) did not abort after inoculation. However, 1 doe inoculated during mid-gestation delivered a stillborn fetus that had died about 1 week prior to parturition. This kid was congenitally infected with N caninum. Neospora caninum was isolated from the placentas of all inoculated does examined. Neonatal neosporosis was not observed in live-born kids, nor were stages of N caninum isolated from any live-born kid. Does did not undergo abortion or have congenitally infected kids when they were rebred and evaluated for neosporosis.

title: Abortions, XXXX , and stillbirths in pregnant pygmy @entity1237 inoculated with tachyzoites of Neospora caninum.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['caninum infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity5617 :: (MESH:D005313,Disease) :: ['fetal death']


abstract: Neospora caninum-induced abortion is a major production problem in the dairy @entity291 industry in the United States and worldwide. Abortions attributable to naturally acquired N @entity281 also have been observed in pygmy @entity1237 . We studied experimentally induced @entity281 with N caninum in pregnant pygmy does to determine whether abortions attributable to N @entity281 would occur after inoculation. Seven pregnant pygmy does (1 control doe and 6 inoculated with N caninum) were studied. The control doe remained clinically normal throughout the study and delivered 2 healthy kids. Abortion, @entity5617 , and stillbirths were observed in some pregnant does inoculated with N caninum. Two pregnant pygmy does inoculated with N caninum early in gestation (day 51) had fetuses that died and were aborted, or died and were reabsorbed. Neospora caninum tachyzoites and lesions were observed in the brain, spinal cord, and heart of aborted fetuses; parasites also were isolated from the placenta. Four additional pregnant pygmy does (2 inoculated at mid-gestation [day 85], and 2 at late gestation [day 127]) did not abort after inoculation. However, 1 doe inoculated during mid-gestation delivered a stillborn fetus that had died about 1 week prior to parturition. This kid was congenitally infected with N caninum. Neospora caninum was isolated from the placentas of all inoculated does examined. Neonatal neosporosis was not observed in live-born kids, nor were stages of N caninum isolated from any live-born kid. Does did not undergo abortion or have congenitally infected kids when they were rebred and evaluated for neosporosis.

title: Abortions, @entity5617 , and stillbirths in pregnant pygmy XXXX inoculated with tachyzoites of Neospora caninum.

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the safety of same day discharge (SDD) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for symptomatic @entity2963 (SC) and @entity910 ( @entity910 ) in adults has been well documented in the literature, the same data in the pediatric population are lacking. We have recently instituted a protocol for SDD after LC for SC and @entity910 , and this study is an analysis of our initial experience. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all @entity1 who underwent LC for @entity910 and SC in our institution from January 2011-July 2014 was performed. RESULTS: A total of 227 LC were performed for SC and @entity910 during the study period. Approximately 25% (n  =  57) of @entity1 were in the SDD group. The remaining 75% (n  =  170) of @entity1 were admitted at least overnight stay (ONS) for the following reasons: medical 16.5% (n  =  28), surgery ending too late 4.1% (n  =  7), or clinical care habits 79.4% (n  =  135). Comparing the SDD group with ONS group, no differences were found in the complication rate, readmissions, or follow up before scheduled appointment. Length of stay was significantly less for the SDD group than for the ONS. A trend for more SDDs was observed as time elapsed from initiation of the protocol. Also, earlier completion of surgery trended toward SDD. CONCLUSIONS: SDD appears safe for pediatric @entity1 undergoing LC for @entity910 or SC. The main obstacles to discharge were time of surgery completion and clinical care habits, both of which improved as comfort level with SDD grew among the staff.

title: Same day discharge after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'biliary dyskinesia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although only a few @entity747 ( @entity747 ) @entity1 develop frank @entity746 ( @entity746 ), motor @entity528 (MNDys) occur in a larger proportion of @entity1 . The aim of this study is to evaluate MNDys and @entity746 in a sample of consecutively enrolled sporadic @entity747 @entity1 . METHODS: Clinical and neurophysiological evaluations (i.e. needle electromyography) assessed lower (LMN) and upper (UMN) motor neuron function at the baseline in 70 probable @entity747 @entity1 (i.e., 26 behavioural variant-bvFTD, 20 primary progressive aphasias-PPAs and 24 corticobasal syndrome-CBS). To obtain a more accurate estimation, quantitative scales were also applied (i.e. ALSFRS-r and UMN scale). @entity1 were screened for @entity3668 , @entity21864 and @entity3301 mutations. A mean clinical follow-up of 27.8  22.4 months assessed MNDys progression and the clinical presentation of @entity746 . RESULTS: Five genetic cases were identified. Within the sample of sporadic @entity1 , a relative low rate of @entity747 @entity1 was diagnosed as probable @entity746 (5%), while a higher proportion of @entity1 (17%) showed clinical and neurophysiological MNDys. Thirteen @entity1 (20%) presented with isolated clinical signs of @entity409 , and 8 @entity1 (12%) showed neurogenic changes at the electromyography. No differences in @entity747 phenotype and disease duration were found between MNDys positive and negative @entity1 . Clinical MNDys were highly associated with positive electromyographic findings. At follow-up, no MNDys positive @entity1 developed @entity746 . CONCLUSION: Neurophysiological and clinical examinations revealed mild MNDys in @entity747 @entity1 not fulfilling criteria for @entity746 . This condition did not evolve at a mean follow-up of two years. These results, indicating a @entity528 and lower motor neurons, suggest that @entity747 @entity1 may be more at risk of MNDys than the general population.

title: Motor @entity528 in the XXXX spectrum: A clinical and neurophysiological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LMN and/or UMN dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration', 'FTLD']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron dysfunctions', 'subclinical degeneration of corticospinal tracts']

answer: @entity747 :: (MESH:D057174,Disease) :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although only a few @entity747 ( @entity747 ) @entity1 develop frank @entity746 ( @entity746 ), motor @entity528 (MNDys) occur in a larger proportion of @entity1 . The aim of this study is to evaluate MNDys and @entity746 in a sample of consecutively enrolled sporadic @entity747 @entity1 . METHODS: Clinical and neurophysiological evaluations (i.e. needle electromyography) assessed lower (LMN) and upper (UMN) motor neuron function at the baseline in 70 probable @entity747 @entity1 (i.e., 26 behavioural variant-bvFTD, 20 primary progressive aphasias-PPAs and 24 corticobasal syndrome-CBS). To obtain a more accurate estimation, quantitative scales were also applied (i.e. ALSFRS-r and UMN scale). @entity1 were screened for @entity3668 , @entity21864 and @entity3301 mutations. A mean clinical follow-up of 27.8  22.4 months assessed MNDys progression and the clinical presentation of @entity746 . RESULTS: Five genetic cases were identified. Within the sample of sporadic @entity1 , a relative low rate of @entity747 @entity1 was diagnosed as probable @entity746 (5%), while a higher proportion of @entity1 (17%) showed clinical and neurophysiological MNDys. Thirteen @entity1 (20%) presented with isolated clinical signs of @entity409 , and 8 @entity1 (12%) showed neurogenic changes at the electromyography. No differences in @entity747 phenotype and disease duration were found between MNDys positive and negative @entity1 . Clinical MNDys were highly associated with positive electromyographic findings. At follow-up, no MNDys positive @entity1 developed @entity746 . CONCLUSION: Neurophysiological and clinical examinations revealed mild MNDys in @entity747 @entity1 not fulfilling criteria for @entity746 . This condition did not evolve at a mean follow-up of two years. These results, indicating a @entity528 and lower motor neurons, suggest that @entity747 @entity1 may be more at risk of MNDys than the general population.

title: Motor XXXX in the @entity747 spectrum: A clinical and neurophysiological study.

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuron dysfunctions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our study investigated the role of @entity23106 and its molecular @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cells. METHODS: An inhibitor of @entity23106 was transiently transfected into the @entity157 cell line, MHCC-97L. The effect of this transfection on mRNA levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes was measured by fluorescence-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Further, protein levels of EMT-related genes, cell proliferation and apoptosis-related markers were assessed by Western blot analysis in these transfected cells. @entity98 and wound-healing assay were used to evaluate the proliferation and migration of MHCC-97L cells in presence and in absence of @entity23106 inhibitor. RESULTS: Compared with miR-NC control group, qRT-PCR results in anti- @entity23106 group revealed a significant reduction in the mRNA levels of @entity5962 , with a concomitant increasing in @entity2277 mRNA level (all P < 0.05). Western blot results showed higher @entity5962 and @entity522 protein expressions in anti- @entity23106 group compared to miR-NC group (P < 0.05). In addition, @entity2277 and Ki-67 protein expression was found sharply decreased in anti- @entity23106 group compared to miR-NC group (P < 0.05). Consistent with this, wound-healing and @entity98 assay showed that migration and proliferation capacity of MHCC-97L cells in anti- @entity23106 group is significantly increased compared with miR-NC group (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study reveals an important role of @entity23106 in inhibiting EMT, proliferation and migration in @entity157 cells, suggesting the possibility of @entity23106 -based therapeutics in @entity157 .

title: MicroRNA-200a inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'targets in hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9502 is correlated with @entity5 progression and @entity3 in types of @entity5 . But the role of @entity9502 in @entity1358 remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of @entity9502 and its correlation with clinical outcomes in @entity1358 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed in samples from 288 @entity1 with @entity1358 . We used Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models to value the association between @entity9502 expression and clinical outcome. Nomogram was constructed to predict overall survival at 5 and 8 years after nephrectomy. RESULTS: @entity9502 expression was significantly decreased in @entity5 compared to non- @entity5 tissue (P<0.001). Lower @entity9502 expression in @entity5 predicted a shorter survival time (P=0.007). By multivariate cox analysis, @entity9502 was defined as an independent prognostic factor (P=0.006). The nomogram performed better in predicting 5- and 8-year overall survival than the @entity2802 stage alone in @entity1358 . CONCLUSION: @entity9502 is an independent prognostic factor for @entity1358 and could be incorporated with the other parameters to predict 5- and 8-year overall survival for @entity1358 @entity1 .

title: Decreased expression of mucin 18 is associated with unfavorable postoperative prognosis in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9502 is correlated with @entity5 progression and @entity3 in types of @entity5 . But the role of @entity9502 in @entity1358 remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of @entity9502 and its correlation with clinical outcomes in @entity1358 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed in samples from 288 @entity1 with @entity1358 . We used Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models to value the association between @entity9502 expression and clinical outcome. Nomogram was constructed to predict overall survival at 5 and 8 years after nephrectomy. RESULTS: @entity9502 expression was significantly decreased in @entity5 compared to non- @entity5 tissue (P<0.001). Lower @entity9502 expression in @entity5 predicted a shorter survival time (P=0.007). By multivariate cox analysis, @entity9502 was defined as an independent prognostic factor (P=0.006). The nomogram performed better in predicting 5- and 8-year overall survival than the @entity2802 stage alone in @entity1358 . CONCLUSION: @entity9502 is an independent prognostic factor for @entity1358 and could be incorporated with the other parameters to predict 5- and 8-year overall survival for @entity1358 @entity1 .

title: Decreased expression of mucin 18 is associated with unfavorable postoperative prognosis in XXXX with @entity1358 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity454 ( @entity454 ) presents a significant health burden and is associated with high @entity65 and mortality. This is particularly true in African Americans who generally have higher rates of @entity65 . Outcomes in @entity454 are related to extent of @entity65 , but markers for outcome are not clearly established. @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ) has emerged as an important measure of left ventricular systolic function that is additive to traditional ejection fraction (EF). It can be measured on routine digital echocardiography and is reproducible. This study tested the hypothesis that @entity6475 is associated with mortality in black Americans with @entity454 and preserved EF. Forty-eight outpatients undergoing hemodialysis, 59.4    13.3  years, with EF >= 50% were prospectively enrolled. @entity6475 , measured by an offline speckle tracking algorithm, ranged from  -8.6% to  -22.0% with a mean of  -13.4%, substantially below normal (-16% or more negative). The prevalence of @entity1002 , as determined by @entity6475 , was 89%. @entity1 were followed for an average of 1.9  years; all-cause mortality was 19% (9 deaths). @entity6475 was significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.30, p  = 0.02), whereas EF was not. After adjustment for multiple potential confounders (age, gender, race, smoking, @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity407 , @entity301 , @entity712 , and EF), @entity6475 remained strongly associated with mortality (hazard ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 1.56, p  = 0.002). In  conclusion, @entity6475 is an important index in @entity1 with @entity454 , which is additive to EF as a marker for mortality in this high-risk group.

title: Echocardiographic Strain and Mortality in Black Americans With XXXX on Hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Global longitudinal strain', 'GLS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-Stage Renal Disease']


abstract: Mosquito control using insecticides has been the most successful intervention known to reduce @entity311 prevalence or incidence. However, vector control is facing a threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. In this research, the leaf aqueous leachate of Tephrosia vogelii was evaluated for its @entity137 against larvae of the most invasive mosquito worldwide, @entity197 (Diptera: Culicidae), and toward adults of the water flea, Daphnia magna (Cladocera: Crustacea) and @entity6373 , two non-target aquatic organisms that share the same ecological niche of A. albopictus. The leaf aqueous leachate of T. vogelii was evaluated against fourth-instar larvae, non-blood fed 3-5 days old laboratory strains of A. albopictus under @entity2480 . In addition, the objective of the present work was to study the environmental safety evaluation for aquatic ecosystem. Mortality was then recorded after 7d exposure. The leaf aqueous leachate of T. vogelii showed high mosquitocidal activity against larvae of A. albopictus, with a LC50=1.18 g/mL. However, it had a remarkable acute @entity137 also toward adults of the non-target arthropod D. magna, with a LC50=0.47 g/L and @entity6373 with a LC50=5.31 g/L. The present findings have important implications in the practical control of mosquito larvae in the aquatic ecosystem, as the medicinal plants studied are commonly available in large quantities. The extract could be used in stagnant water bodies for the control of mosquitoes acting as vector for many @entity166 .

title: Laboratory evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of Tephrosia vogelii against larvae of XXXX (Diptera: Culicidae) and non-target aquatic organisms.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity197 :: ('7160', 'Species') :: ['Aedes albopictus']

entities_list: @entity6373 :: ('8128', 'Species') :: ['O. niloticus', 'Oreochromis niloticus']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory condition']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['communicable diseases']

answer: @entity197 :: (7160,Species) :: ['Aedes albopictus']