abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonresponse bias assessment is an important and underutilized tool in survey research to assess potential bias due to incomplete participation. This study illustrates a nonresponse bias sensitivity assessment using a survey on perceived barriers to care for @entity1 with @entity13797 in North Carolina. METHODS: @entity1 born in North Carolina between 2001 and 2004 with an @entity13797 were eligible for inclusion. Vital statistics data, including maternal and @entity1 characteristics, were available on all eligible subjects. Missing 'responses' from nonparticipants were imputed using assumptions based on the distribution of responses, survey method (mail or phone), and @entity1 maternal demographics. RESULTS: Overall, 245 of 475 subjects (51.6%) responded to either a mail or phone survey. Cost as a barrier to care was reported by 25.0% of @entity1 . When stratified by survey type, 28.3% of mail respondents and 17.2% of phone respondents reported cost as a barrier. Under various assumptions, the bias-adjusted estimated prevalence of cost as barrier to care ranged from 16.1% to 30.0%. Maternal age, education, race, and marital status at time of birth were not associated with subjects reporting cost as a barrier. CONCLUSION: As survey response rates continue to decline, the importance of assessing the potential impact of nonresponse bias has become more critical. @entity600 research is particularly conducive to nonresponse bias analysis, especially when @entity600 registries and birth certificate records are used. Future @entity600 studies which use population-based surveillance data and have incomplete participation could benefit from this type of nonresponse bias assessment. @entity600 Research (Part A) 103:603-609, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: What we don't know can hurt us: Nonresponse bias assessment in XXXX research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity13797 :: ('MESH:C566121', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial clefts', 'orofacial cleft']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect', 'Birth Defects', 'Birth defects']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['birth defects']


abstract: Both age of @entity1 and @entity5 location are associated with @entity5 origin, genetic characteristics, and prognosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity5 location and age at diagnosis in a large cohort of @entity1 with a primary diagnosis of @entity11 . We consecutively enrolled a cohort of 200 adults with @entity463 and another cohort of 200 adults with diffuse low-grade @entity11 . The magnetic resonance images of all @entity5 were manually segmented and then registered to a standard brain space. By using voxel-by-voxel regression analysis, specific brains regions associated with advanced age at @entity5 diagnosis were localized. In the low-grade @entity11 cohort, the brain regions associated with advanced age at @entity5 diagnosis were mainly located in the right middle frontal region, while a region in the left temporal lobe, particularly at the subgranular zone, was associated with lower age at @entity5 diagnosis. In the @entity463 cohort, the brain regions associated with advanced age at @entity5 diagnosis were mainly located in the temporal lobe, particularly at the posterior region of the subventricular zones. A region in the left inferior frontal region was associated with lower age at @entity5 diagnosis. Significant differences in the age of @entity1 were found between @entity5 located in the identified regions and those located elsewhere in both cohorts. The current study demonstrated the correlation between @entity5 location and age at diagnosis, which implies differences in the origin of @entity11 in young and older @entity1 .

title: Age-associated brain regions in XXXX : a volumetric analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the association of preexisting cardiovascular risk factors and @entity65 with hysterectomy with bilateral ovarian conservation using a case-central design. METHODS: Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project records-linkage system, we identified all Olmsted County, MN @entity1 who underwent @entity43 between January 1, 1965 and December 31, 2002 (cases). Each case was age-matched (  1 y) with a randomly selected @entity1 who resided in the county and did not undergo hysterectomy or oophorectomy before the index date (date of hysterectomy in her matched case). Using electronic codes, we identified cardiovascular risk factors ( @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity407 , @entity28 , @entity209 , and @entity3610 ) and @entity65 ( @entity453 , @entity712 , @entity583 , and @entity64 ) that occurred before the index date. Analyses were stratified by age at hysterectomy and indication for surgical operation. RESULTS: During the study period, 3,816 @entity1 underwent @entity43 for a benign indication. Preexisting @entity407 , @entity28 , and @entity209 were significantly more frequent in cases than in controls in univariable analyses. In multivariable analyses, @entity28 remained significantly associated overall, for nearly all age groups, and across all indications. @entity64 was significantly more frequent in cases than in controls among @entity1 younger than 36 years. @entity712 and @entity64 were significantly less common in cases than in controls among @entity1 older than 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: Hysterectomy with ovarian conservation is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, particularly @entity28 . @entity28 may contribute to underlying gynecologic conditions leading to hysterectomy; however, surgical selection may also play a role.

title: XXXX in @entity1 undergoing @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['hysterectomy with ovarian conservation']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular risk factors and diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the association of preexisting cardiovascular risk factors and @entity65 with hysterectomy with bilateral ovarian conservation using a case-central design. METHODS: Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project records-linkage system, we identified all Olmsted County, MN @entity1 who underwent @entity43 between January 1, 1965 and December 31, 2002 (cases). Each case was age-matched (  1 y) with a randomly selected @entity1 who resided in the county and did not undergo hysterectomy or oophorectomy before the index date (date of hysterectomy in her matched case). Using electronic codes, we identified cardiovascular risk factors ( @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity407 , @entity28 , @entity209 , and @entity3610 ) and @entity65 ( @entity453 , @entity712 , @entity583 , and @entity64 ) that occurred before the index date. Analyses were stratified by age at hysterectomy and indication for surgical operation. RESULTS: During the study period, 3,816 @entity1 underwent @entity43 for a benign indication. Preexisting @entity407 , @entity28 , and @entity209 were significantly more frequent in cases than in controls in univariable analyses. In multivariable analyses, @entity28 remained significantly associated overall, for nearly all age groups, and across all indications. @entity64 was significantly more frequent in cases than in controls among @entity1 younger than 36 years. @entity712 and @entity64 were significantly less common in cases than in controls among @entity1 older than 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: Hysterectomy with ovarian conservation is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, particularly @entity28 . @entity28 may contribute to underlying gynecologic conditions leading to hysterectomy; however, surgical selection may also play a role.

title: @entity65 in @entity1 undergoing XXXX .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['hysterectomy with ovarian conservation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the association of preexisting cardiovascular risk factors and @entity65 with hysterectomy with bilateral ovarian conservation using a case-central design. METHODS: Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project records-linkage system, we identified all Olmsted County, MN @entity1 who underwent @entity43 between January 1, 1965 and December 31, 2002 (cases). Each case was age-matched (  1 y) with a randomly selected @entity1 who resided in the county and did not undergo hysterectomy or oophorectomy before the index date (date of hysterectomy in her matched case). Using electronic codes, we identified cardiovascular risk factors ( @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity407 , @entity28 , @entity209 , and @entity3610 ) and @entity65 ( @entity453 , @entity712 , @entity583 , and @entity64 ) that occurred before the index date. Analyses were stratified by age at hysterectomy and indication for surgical operation. RESULTS: During the study period, 3,816 @entity1 underwent @entity43 for a benign indication. Preexisting @entity407 , @entity28 , and @entity209 were significantly more frequent in cases than in controls in univariable analyses. In multivariable analyses, @entity28 remained significantly associated overall, for nearly all age groups, and across all indications. @entity64 was significantly more frequent in cases than in controls among @entity1 younger than 36 years. @entity712 and @entity64 were significantly less common in cases than in controls among @entity1 older than 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: Hysterectomy with ovarian conservation is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, particularly @entity28 . @entity28 may contribute to underlying gynecologic conditions leading to hysterectomy; however, surgical selection may also play a role.

title: @entity65 in XXXX undergoing @entity43 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of lectins from Dolichos biflorus, Helix pomatia, Lotus tetragonolobus, @entity11297 (erythroagglutinin), @entity3587 , Sophora japonica, and Ulex europaeus I were analyzed, before and after the conformational transitions which were effected by @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) and change of pH. It was found that the pleated sheet conformation dominated in these lectins and that the best estimates of the amounts of the sheets can be made from the positive CD bands centered at 195 . 197 nm. The mean residue ellipticities of these bands in native lectins varied between 1.0 . 10(4) and 1.7 . 10(4) deg . cm2 . dmol-1. The conformation of the lectins was perturbed by @entity214 , which caused the CD bands related to the @entity669 and @entity2340 chromophores to diminish and which also caused the reorganization of the main chains into new forms having approximately 15--40% of alpha-helix. Acid facilitated these transitions. The secondary structure of Ulex europaeus I lectin was resistant to @entity214 in neutral solutions but reorganization occurred in acid solutions. In Helix pomatia lectin the helices were formed chiefly from the aperiodic segments of the main chain. As structural perturbant, @entity214 was most effective at relatively high concentrations of 5 . 10(-3) to 5--10(-2) M, i.e. above the critical micelle concentration. Experiments with @entity3587 and Sophora japonica lectins indicated that @entity214 below critical micelle concentration did not effect the tertiary structure of the lectins.

title: Circular dichroism study on structural reorganization of lectins by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3587 :: ('3888', 'Species') :: ['Pisum sativum']

answer: @entity3208 :: (MESH:D012967,Chemical) :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity32 can be associated with the autoantibody against collapsin response-mediator protein-5 (anti- @entity21969 ). We describe the clinical and histological features of 2 rare cases of @entity151 ( @entity151 ) presenting with @entity32 : the first was anti- @entity21969 positive and the second preceded the auto-antibody's discovery but with remarkably similar features. The previously unreported retinal histology is described. METHODS: Case notes review. RESULTS: Both cases presented with bilateral @entity227 , constricted visual fields, vitritis, and pale, swollen optic discs. Fundal @entity941 angiographies showed optic disc leakage. Retinal histology of both cases revealed @entity989 . Following their diagnosis with @entity151 , serology for case 1 was positive for anti- @entity21969 but case 2 pre-dated its discovery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity21969 @entity2194 presents with a distinct pattern of clinical and histological features, which may be the first sign of their underlying @entity5 . Retinal histology revealed @entity989 .

title: Clinical and Histological Features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation', 'Paraneoplastic ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory eye disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['predominantly inner retinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['Small Cell Lung Cancer Paraneoplastic Inflammatory Uveitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the acceptability of bariatric referrals when offered by gynecologic oncologists to @entity1 with a history of @entity1373 or early-stage @entity1204 and to detail compliance with referrals and @entity353 attempts that are initiated 3 months after the referral. STUDY DESIGN: Obese @entity1 with @entity1373 or early-stage @entity1204 were approached for inclusion in this prospective cohort study. Those @entity1 who were not in the care of a bariatric specialist were offered a medical referral with or without a surgical referral. A survey was administered at inclusion and after 3 months. RESULTS: Of 121 @entity1 who were approached, 106 @entity1 were consented. @entity1 reported that it was acceptable for their gynecologic oncologist to discuss @entity353 (91.09%) and that a 10% loss of body weight would be beneficial (86.14%). Six @entity1 were already in the care of a bariatric specialist. Of the remaining 100 @entity1 , 43 accepted a referral: 35 of 100 medical and 8 of 66 surgical referrals that were offered. At 3 months, 17 @entity1 complied with a referral (16 medical and 1 surgical), and 59 @entity1 had initiated any @entity353 attempt. On multivariate analysis, a higher initial weight (P = .0403), Charlson Comorbidity Index >= 5 (P = .0278), and shorter time from surgery to bariatric referral (P = .0338) predicted acceptance of a referral. CONCLUSION: Weight-loss counseling is well received by these @entity1 . After being offered bariatric referral, only 17% comply, but most @entity1 (59%) subsequently initiate a @entity353 attempt. Referrals should be offered early in the course of @entity5 care to maximize acceptance.

title: Referring survivors of XXXX to bariatric specialists: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['complex atypical hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer and complex atypical hyperplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The stem of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn. has long been used as a medicine to treat @entity5 in China. Our previous in vitro results showed that Marsdenia tenacissima extract (MTE) overcomes @entity4562 resistance in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cells. However, it is unknown whether MTE could enhance @entity4562 efficacy in vivo. The present study was intended to investigate the in vivo anti- @entity5 activity of MTE combined with @entity4562 . METHODS: @entity1 @entity1149 @entity1 (K-ras mutation) or H1975 cells ( @entity470 @entity9513 mutation) were subcutaneously inoculated into @entity19 . @entity5 volume and body weight were measured regularly. Resected @entity5 were weighed after the animals were sacrificed. Immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry was used to assess the cellular proliferation and apoptosis in xenograft @entity5 tissue. Expression of the @entity470 downstream pathways and @entity1916 were measured with western blot analysis to explore possible mechanisms. RESULTS: MTE (5, 10, 20  g/kg) dose-dependently reduced @entity5 growth and induced cell apoptosis. MTE suppressed @entity470 related signals, and 20  g/kg was the most effective dose. Low-dose MTE (5  g/kg) significantly enhanced @entity4562 efficacy in resistant H460 and H1975 xenografts. The combination inhibited @entity5 proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in both resistant @entity1149 xenografts. Constitutive activation of the PI3K/ @entity584 and @entity8047 / @entity3963 pathways is related to @entity470 -TKI resistance. Accordingly, phosphorylation of PI3K/ @entity584 / @entity3470 and @entity1366 was suppressed after combination treatment. Simultaneously, cross-talked @entity1916 and @entity470 were also prominently lowered in the presence of MTE combined with @entity4562 . CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the combination of MTE and @entity4562 may be a promising therapeutic approach to enhance @entity4562 efficacy in resistant @entity1149 .

title: Marsdenia tenacissima extract enhances @entity4562 efficacy in XXXX xenografts.

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The stem of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn. has long been used as a medicine to treat @entity5 in China. Our previous in vitro results showed that Marsdenia tenacissima extract (MTE) overcomes @entity4562 resistance in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cells. However, it is unknown whether MTE could enhance @entity4562 efficacy in vivo. The present study was intended to investigate the in vivo anti- @entity5 activity of MTE combined with @entity4562 . METHODS: @entity1 @entity1149 @entity1 (K-ras mutation) or H1975 cells ( @entity470 @entity9513 mutation) were subcutaneously inoculated into @entity19 . @entity5 volume and body weight were measured regularly. Resected @entity5 were weighed after the animals were sacrificed. Immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry was used to assess the cellular proliferation and apoptosis in xenograft @entity5 tissue. Expression of the @entity470 downstream pathways and @entity1916 were measured with western blot analysis to explore possible mechanisms. RESULTS: MTE (5, 10, 20  g/kg) dose-dependently reduced @entity5 growth and induced cell apoptosis. MTE suppressed @entity470 related signals, and 20  g/kg was the most effective dose. Low-dose MTE (5  g/kg) significantly enhanced @entity4562 efficacy in resistant H460 and H1975 xenografts. The combination inhibited @entity5 proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in both resistant @entity1149 xenografts. Constitutive activation of the PI3K/ @entity584 and @entity8047 / @entity3963 pathways is related to @entity470 -TKI resistance. Accordingly, phosphorylation of PI3K/ @entity584 / @entity3470 and @entity1366 was suppressed after combination treatment. Simultaneously, cross-talked @entity1916 and @entity470 were also prominently lowered in the presence of MTE combined with @entity4562 . CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the combination of MTE and @entity4562 may be a promising therapeutic approach to enhance @entity4562 efficacy in resistant @entity1149 .

title: Marsdenia tenacissima extract enhances XXXX efficacy in @entity1149 xenografts.

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd is widely distributed in China and the northern hemisphere, and the most popular medicinal component isolated from Taxus chinensis is @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ), which has now become the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for @entity0 and @entity43 . Oral administration of pure @entity4045 as a potential anti- @entity5 agent is compromised by low bioavailability. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: In the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, drug co-administration in the form of mixtures or formula could achieve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic synergies. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there exist any 'inherent' phytochemical synergy from Taxus chinensis extract that could improve @entity4045 bioavailability. STUDY DESIGN: Pharmacokinetic study of @entity4045 after oral administration of Taxus chinensis extracts or single @entity4045 was performed. In addition, comparative cytotoxic studies were carried out on the MCF-7 @entity0 cell lines. METHODS: The plasma concentrations of @entity4045 were determined using a validated high performance chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. The @entity137 was compared using the @entity98 assay. RESULTS: Oral administration of @entity3907 fractions isolated from Taxus chinensis (containing 17.2% @entity4045 ) could achieve remarkably higher blood concentration and systemic exposure of @entity4045 in @entity35 , while the retention of @entity4045 was significantly improved. Further tissue distribution analysis revealed that the penetration of @entity4045 into major tissues was drastically increased compared with that of single @entity4045 . In addition, in MCF-7 cells, the co-existing components in @entity3907 mixtures could strengthen the inhibitory effects of @entity4045 on @entity5 cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: Together, these results support that administration of @entity4045 in the form of @entity3907 mixtures may become a novel approach to improve the poor bioavailability of @entity4045 . Moreover, the inherent synergy from Taxus chinensis @entity3907 extracts promises a novel strategy to strengthen @entity4045 efficacy.

title: Pharmacokinetic synergy from the XXXX extract of Taxus chinensis improves the bioavailability of @entity1311 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity3907 :: (MESH:C080625,Chemical) :: ['taxane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd is widely distributed in China and the northern hemisphere, and the most popular medicinal component isolated from Taxus chinensis is @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ), which has now become the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for @entity0 and @entity43 . Oral administration of pure @entity4045 as a potential anti- @entity5 agent is compromised by low bioavailability. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: In the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, drug co-administration in the form of mixtures or formula could achieve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic synergies. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there exist any 'inherent' phytochemical synergy from Taxus chinensis extract that could improve @entity4045 bioavailability. STUDY DESIGN: Pharmacokinetic study of @entity4045 after oral administration of Taxus chinensis extracts or single @entity4045 was performed. In addition, comparative cytotoxic studies were carried out on the MCF-7 @entity0 cell lines. METHODS: The plasma concentrations of @entity4045 were determined using a validated high performance chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. The @entity137 was compared using the @entity98 assay. RESULTS: Oral administration of @entity3907 fractions isolated from Taxus chinensis (containing 17.2% @entity4045 ) could achieve remarkably higher blood concentration and systemic exposure of @entity4045 in @entity35 , while the retention of @entity4045 was significantly improved. Further tissue distribution analysis revealed that the penetration of @entity4045 into major tissues was drastically increased compared with that of single @entity4045 . In addition, in MCF-7 cells, the co-existing components in @entity3907 mixtures could strengthen the inhibitory effects of @entity4045 on @entity5 cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: Together, these results support that administration of @entity4045 in the form of @entity3907 mixtures may become a novel approach to improve the poor bioavailability of @entity4045 . Moreover, the inherent synergy from Taxus chinensis @entity3907 extracts promises a novel strategy to strengthen @entity4045 efficacy.

title: Pharmacokinetic synergy from the @entity3907 extract of Taxus chinensis improves the bioavailability of XXXX .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing concern among @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 and survivors about @entity73 following systemic treatments. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of standard systemic adjuvant therapies on @entity73 ( @entity73 ) in a large nationwide cohort of @entity0 survivors 7-9 years after primary surgery. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from the nationwide Psychosocial Factors and @entity0 inception cohort of Danish @entity1 treated for primary @entity0 . @entity73 was assessed with the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and @entity1 allocated to systemic treatment according to nationwide standard protocols were compared with @entity1 who had not received any systemic treatments. RESULTS: A total of 1889 recurrence-free survivors were eligible for analysis. No difference in @entity73 was found between survivors across standardized systemic treatment protocols when analyses were stratified by menopausal status and adjusted for possible sociodemographic and treatment-related confounders. The frequency of significant @entity73 in a subgroup of survivors in the age range 65-74 years was    7%. CONCLUSIONS: No differences in long-term @entity73 at 7-9 years post surgery were found between @entity1 who had received systemic therapies and those who had not. Furthermore, the observed proportion of survivors with significant @entity73 was comparable to normative data. These results are important to communicate to @entity1 , survivors, and clinicians alike, especially in the light of increasing concern about @entity73 following systemic therapies.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 14 July 2015; doi:10.1038/bjc.2015.243 www.bjcancer.com.

title: Long-term subjective cognitive functioning following adjuvant systemic treatment: 7-9 years follow-up of a nationwide cohort of @entity1 treated for primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'SCI', 'subjective cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer', 'BC']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing concern among @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 and survivors about @entity73 following systemic treatments. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of standard systemic adjuvant therapies on @entity73 ( @entity73 ) in a large nationwide cohort of @entity0 survivors 7-9 years after primary surgery. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from the nationwide Psychosocial Factors and @entity0 inception cohort of Danish @entity1 treated for primary @entity0 . @entity73 was assessed with the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and @entity1 allocated to systemic treatment according to nationwide standard protocols were compared with @entity1 who had not received any systemic treatments. RESULTS: A total of 1889 recurrence-free survivors were eligible for analysis. No difference in @entity73 was found between survivors across standardized systemic treatment protocols when analyses were stratified by menopausal status and adjusted for possible sociodemographic and treatment-related confounders. The frequency of significant @entity73 in a subgroup of survivors in the age range 65-74 years was    7%. CONCLUSIONS: No differences in long-term @entity73 at 7-9 years post surgery were found between @entity1 who had received systemic therapies and those who had not. Furthermore, the observed proportion of survivors with significant @entity73 was comparable to normative data. These results are important to communicate to @entity1 , survivors, and clinicians alike, especially in the light of increasing concern about @entity73 following systemic therapies.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 14 July 2015; doi:10.1038/bjc.2015.243 www.bjcancer.com.

title: Long-term subjective cognitive functioning following adjuvant systemic treatment: 7-9 years follow-up of a nationwide cohort of XXXX treated for primary @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity461 ( @entity461 ) levels are often measured after thyroid surgery and are used to detect @entity1 at risk for @entity86 . However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature about how to define the recovery of parathyroid gland function and when to classify @entity261 as permanent. The goals of this study were to determine the incidence of low postoperative @entity461 in total thyroidectomy @entity1 and to monitor their time course to recovery of parathyroid gland function. METHODS: We identified 1054 consecutive @entity1 who underwent a total or completion thyroidectomy from January, 2006-December, 2013. Low @entity461 was defined as a @entity461 measurement <10 pg/mL immediately after surgery. @entity1 were considered to be permanently @entity261 if they had not recovered within 1  y. Recovery of parathyroid gland function was defined as @entity461 >= 10 pg/mL and no need for therapeutic @entity460 or activated @entity560 ( @entity3873 ) supplementation to prevent @entity14645 symptoms. RESULTS: Of 1054 total thyroidectomy @entity1 , 189 (18%) had a postoperative @entity461 <10 pg/mL. Of those 189 @entity1 , 132 (70%) showed resolution within 2  mo of surgery. Notably, 9 (5%) resolved between 6 and 12  mo. At 1  y, 20 (1.9%) were considered to have permanent @entity261 . Surprisingly, 50% of those @entity1 had recovery of @entity461 levels yet still required supplementation to avoid symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with a low postoperative @entity461 recover function quickly, but it can take up to 1  y for full resolution. @entity261 needs to be defined not only by @entity461 levels but also by medication requirements.

title: XXXX after total thyroidectomy: incidence and resolution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroid', 'Hypoparathyroidism', 'hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'Parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity261 :: (MESH:D007011,Disease) :: ['Hypoparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no widely used models in clinical care to predict outcome in @entity548 ( @entity548 ). If available these could help triage @entity1 at presentation to appropriate levels of care/intervention and improve medical resource utilisation. We aimed to apply a state-of-the-art machine learning classifier, gradient boosting (GB), to predict outcome in @entity548 using non-endoscopic measurements as predictors. METHODS: Non-endoscopic variables from @entity1 with @entity548 attending the emergency departments of two teaching hospitals were analysed retrospectively for training/internal validation (n=170) and external validation (n=130) of the GB model. The performance of the GB algorithm in predicting recurrent @entity548 , clinical intervention and severe @entity548 was compared to a multiple logic regression (MLR) model and two published MLR-based prediction algorithms (BLEED and Strate prediction rule). RESULTS: The GB algorithm had the best negative predictive values for the chosen outcomes (>88%). On internal validation the accuracy of the GB algorithm for predicting recurrent @entity548 , therapeutic intervention and severe @entity548 were (88%, 88% and 78% respectively) and superior to the BLEED classification (64%, 68% and 63%), Strate prediction rule (78%, 78%, 67%) and conventional MLR (74%, 74% 62%). On external validation the accuracy was similar to conventional MLR for recurrent @entity548 (88% vs. 83%) and therapeutic intervention (91% vs. 87%) but superior for severe @entity548 (83% vs. 71%). CONCLUSION: The gradient boosting algorithm accurately predicts outcome in @entity1 with @entity360 and outperforms multiple logistic regression based models. These may be useful for risk stratification of @entity1 on presentation to the emergency department.

title: Prediction of Outcome in XXXX Using Gradient Boosting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['ALGIB', 'bleeding', 'acute lower gastro-intestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morbidities of impaired immunity and @entity32 are common in preterm @entity1 . Postnatal Intestinal development plays a critical role in the maturation of the immune system and is, in part, driven by exposure to an enteral diet. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the timing of the first enteral feeding on intestinal @entity32 and risk of disease. METHODS: 130 @entity1 <33 weeks' gestation were studied. Maternal and @entity1 data were abstracted from the medical record. Single and multiplex ELISA assays quantified cytokines from fecal and serum samples at two weeks postnatal age. RESULTS: A delay in enteral feedings after the third postnatal day is associated with a 4.5 (95% CI 1.8-11.5, p=0.002) fold increase in @entity1030 , 2.9 (1.1-7.8, p=0.03) fold increase in @entity989 , and 3.4 (1.2-9.8, p=0.02) fold increase in multiple comorbidities compared to @entity1 fed on or before the third day. Additionally, a delay in the initiation of feedings is associated with increased fecal @entity687 levels and a decreased @entity688 : @entity687 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: A delay in enteral feeding is associated with intestinal @entity32 and increased risks of morbidities. To improve neonatal outcomes, early nutritional practices need to be reevaluated.

title: Late Enteral Feedings Are Associated with Intestinal XXXX and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['dysregulated inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: AIM: @entity1031 ( @entity1031 ) is a leading cause of @entity204 amongst @entity5 @entity1 . The effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) on the risk of @entity1031 in @entity5 @entity1 is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether nCRT was associated with an increased risk of @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity5 , either during therapy or with subsequent treatment. METHOD: This was a retrospective study from a prospectively maintained database at a tertiary referral centre. @entity1 included @entity1 with @entity5 treated between January 2000 and December 2013. The primary outcome was the rate of @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity5 who had nCRT compared with those who did not. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-one (7.8%) of 2181 @entity5 @entity1 developed @entity1031 . @entity1 who had nCRT did not have an increased incidence of @entity1031 compared with those who had surgery alone (81/946, 8.6% vs 94/1235, 7.6%, P = 0.42) after a median follow-up of 95 months. Ten (1.1%) of 946 @entity1 who received nCRT developed @entity1031 during or immediately after nCRT. Most @entity1031 events occurred in the 30-day postoperative period (70 @entity1 , 3.2%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity5 was 7.8%, with most events occurring in within 30 days of surgery. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation was not associated with an increased risk of @entity1031 .

title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for @entity5 is not associated with higher rates of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolism', 'TE']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: AIM: @entity1031 ( @entity1031 ) is a leading cause of @entity204 amongst @entity5 @entity1 . The effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) on the risk of @entity1031 in @entity5 @entity1 is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether nCRT was associated with an increased risk of @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity5 , either during therapy or with subsequent treatment. METHOD: This was a retrospective study from a prospectively maintained database at a tertiary referral centre. @entity1 included @entity1 with @entity5 treated between January 2000 and December 2013. The primary outcome was the rate of @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity5 who had nCRT compared with those who did not. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-one (7.8%) of 2181 @entity5 @entity1 developed @entity1031 . @entity1 who had nCRT did not have an increased incidence of @entity1031 compared with those who had surgery alone (81/946, 8.6% vs 94/1235, 7.6%, P = 0.42) after a median follow-up of 95 months. Ten (1.1%) of 946 @entity1 who received nCRT developed @entity1031 during or immediately after nCRT. Most @entity1031 events occurred in the 30-day postoperative period (70 @entity1 , 3.2%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity5 was 7.8%, with most events occurring in within 30 days of surgery. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation was not associated with an increased risk of @entity1031 .

title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for XXXX is not associated with higher rates of @entity1031 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity13727 ( @entity13727 ) are highly persistent anthropogenic contaminants found in the environment, posing a risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas there is a lack of data concerning their impacts on marine invertebrates. The objective of this study was to assess the relative lethal and sublethal @entity137 effects of two @entity13727 , @entity20062 and @entity13729 congeners, on marine zooplankton rotifer @entity29171 associated with @entity13728 concentrations and time of exposure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed to determine actual @entity13728 concentrations. Rotifer population demographic parameters from life tables, including age-specific survivorship (lx), age-specific fecundity (mx), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (  ), life expectancy (E0) and generation time (T), were used as measures of treatment effects. Results from this study have revealed increasingly intense negative effects on many of the rotifer demographic parameters with elevated @entity13728 concentrations. The population growth curves of @entity29171 showed almost no lag phase and reached peak abundances within 11 days, while @entity29171 exposed to @entity13729 had a lag phase of about 5 days. In addition, increased @entity13728 levels reduced the population abundances and peak population densities of @entity29171 . The two @entity13727 have caused the carrying capacity (K) suppressed and the negative influence turned more serious as the concentration rose. Results also revealed that the time to reach growth curve inflection point (Tp) was shortened by @entity13727 to different degrees. This study not only indicated that life table demography and population growth curve studies were two important aspects used to evaluate toxicant @entity13728 effects, but also compared the two @entity13728 disruptions to the population growth and reproduction of the rotifer.

title: Using population demographic parameters to assess impacts of two @entity13727 ( @entity20062 , @entity13729 ) on the rotifer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['aquatic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity13727 :: ('MESH:D055768', 'Chemical') :: ['PBDEs', 'Polybrominated diphenyl ethers']

entities_list: @entity29171 :: ('10195', 'Species') :: ['B. plicatilis', 'Brachionus plicatilis']

answer: @entity29171 :: (10195,Species) :: ['Brachionus plicatilis']


abstract: @entity13727 ( @entity13727 ) are highly persistent anthropogenic contaminants found in the environment, posing a risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas there is a lack of data concerning their impacts on marine invertebrates. The objective of this study was to assess the relative lethal and sublethal @entity137 effects of two @entity13727 , @entity20062 and @entity13729 congeners, on marine zooplankton rotifer @entity29171 associated with @entity13728 concentrations and time of exposure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed to determine actual @entity13728 concentrations. Rotifer population demographic parameters from life tables, including age-specific survivorship (lx), age-specific fecundity (mx), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (  ), life expectancy (E0) and generation time (T), were used as measures of treatment effects. Results from this study have revealed increasingly intense negative effects on many of the rotifer demographic parameters with elevated @entity13728 concentrations. The population growth curves of @entity29171 showed almost no lag phase and reached peak abundances within 11 days, while @entity29171 exposed to @entity13729 had a lag phase of about 5 days. In addition, increased @entity13728 levels reduced the population abundances and peak population densities of @entity29171 . The two @entity13727 have caused the carrying capacity (K) suppressed and the negative influence turned more serious as the concentration rose. Results also revealed that the time to reach growth curve inflection point (Tp) was shortened by @entity13727 to different degrees. This study not only indicated that life table demography and population growth curve studies were two important aspects used to evaluate toxicant @entity13728 effects, but also compared the two @entity13728 disruptions to the population growth and reproduction of the rotifer.

title: Using population demographic parameters to assess impacts of two @entity13727 ( @entity20062 , XXXX ) on the rotifer @entity29171 .

answer: @entity13729 :: (MESH:C010902,Chemical) :: ['BDE-209']


abstract: @entity13727 ( @entity13727 ) are highly persistent anthropogenic contaminants found in the environment, posing a risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas there is a lack of data concerning their impacts on marine invertebrates. The objective of this study was to assess the relative lethal and sublethal @entity137 effects of two @entity13727 , @entity20062 and @entity13729 congeners, on marine zooplankton rotifer @entity29171 associated with @entity13728 concentrations and time of exposure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed to determine actual @entity13728 concentrations. Rotifer population demographic parameters from life tables, including age-specific survivorship (lx), age-specific fecundity (mx), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (  ), life expectancy (E0) and generation time (T), were used as measures of treatment effects. Results from this study have revealed increasingly intense negative effects on many of the rotifer demographic parameters with elevated @entity13728 concentrations. The population growth curves of @entity29171 showed almost no lag phase and reached peak abundances within 11 days, while @entity29171 exposed to @entity13729 had a lag phase of about 5 days. In addition, increased @entity13728 levels reduced the population abundances and peak population densities of @entity29171 . The two @entity13727 have caused the carrying capacity (K) suppressed and the negative influence turned more serious as the concentration rose. Results also revealed that the time to reach growth curve inflection point (Tp) was shortened by @entity13727 to different degrees. This study not only indicated that life table demography and population growth curve studies were two important aspects used to evaluate toxicant @entity13728 effects, but also compared the two @entity13728 disruptions to the population growth and reproduction of the rotifer.

title: Using population demographic parameters to assess impacts of two @entity13727 ( XXXX , @entity13729 ) on the rotifer @entity29171 .

answer: @entity20062 :: (MESH:C511295,Chemical) :: ['BDE-47']


abstract: @entity13727 ( @entity13727 ) are highly persistent anthropogenic contaminants found in the environment, posing a risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas there is a lack of data concerning their impacts on marine invertebrates. The objective of this study was to assess the relative lethal and sublethal @entity137 effects of two @entity13727 , @entity20062 and @entity13729 congeners, on marine zooplankton rotifer @entity29171 associated with @entity13728 concentrations and time of exposure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed to determine actual @entity13728 concentrations. Rotifer population demographic parameters from life tables, including age-specific survivorship (lx), age-specific fecundity (mx), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (  ), life expectancy (E0) and generation time (T), were used as measures of treatment effects. Results from this study have revealed increasingly intense negative effects on many of the rotifer demographic parameters with elevated @entity13728 concentrations. The population growth curves of @entity29171 showed almost no lag phase and reached peak abundances within 11 days, while @entity29171 exposed to @entity13729 had a lag phase of about 5 days. In addition, increased @entity13728 levels reduced the population abundances and peak population densities of @entity29171 . The two @entity13727 have caused the carrying capacity (K) suppressed and the negative influence turned more serious as the concentration rose. Results also revealed that the time to reach growth curve inflection point (Tp) was shortened by @entity13727 to different degrees. This study not only indicated that life table demography and population growth curve studies were two important aspects used to evaluate toxicant @entity13728 effects, but also compared the two @entity13728 disruptions to the population growth and reproduction of the rotifer.

title: Using population demographic parameters to assess impacts of two XXXX ( @entity20062 , @entity13729 ) on the rotifer @entity29171 .

answer: @entity13727 :: (MESH:D055768,Chemical) :: ['polybrominated diphenyl ethers']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Amyloid-b positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows in vivo detection of fibrillar plaques, a core neuropathological feature of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Its diagnostic utility is still unclear because amyloid plaques also occur in @entity1 with non- @entity195 . OBJECTIVE: To use individual @entity1 data meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of amyloid positivity on PET in a wide variety of @entity303 syndromes. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were searched from January 2004 to April 2015 for amyloid PET studies. STUDY SELECTION: Case reports and studies on neurological or @entity146 diseases other than @entity303 were excluded. Corresponding authors of eligible cohorts were invited to provide individual @entity1 data. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were provided for 1359 @entity1 with clinically diagnosed @entity195 and 538 @entity1 with non- @entity195 . The reference groups were 1849 healthy control @entity1 (based on amyloid PET) and an independent sample of 1369 @entity195 @entity1 (based on autopsy). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Estimated prevalence of positive amyloid PET scans according to diagnosis, age, and @entity2204 ( @entity2204 )   4 status, using the generalized estimating equations method. RESULTS: The likelihood of amyloid positivity was associated with age and @entity2204 status. In @entity195 , the prevalence of amyloid positivity decreased from age 50 to 90 years in @entity2204 noncarriers (86% [95% CI, 73%-94%] at 50 years to 68% [95% CI, 57%-77%] at 90 years; n   =   377) and to a lesser degree in @entity2204 carriers (97% [95% CI, 92%-99%] at 50 years to 90% [95% CI, 83%-94%] at 90 years; n   =   593; P   <   .01). Similar associations of age and @entity2204 with amyloid positivity were observed in @entity1 with @entity195 at autopsy. In most non- @entity195 @entity303 , amyloid positivity increased with both age (from 60 to 80 years) and @entity2204 carriership ( @entity303 with @entity1832 : carriers [n   =   16], 63% [95% CI, 48%-80%] at 60 years to 83% [95% CI, 67%-92%] at 80 years; noncarriers [n   =   18], 29% [95% CI, 15%-50%] at 60 years to 54% [95% CI, 30%-77%] at 80 years; @entity4943 : carriers [n   =   48], 19% [95% CI, 12%-28%] at 60 years to 43% [95% CI, 35%-50%] at 80 years; noncarriers [n   =   160], 5% [95% CI, 3%-8%] at 60 years to 14% [95% CI, 11%-18%] at 80 years; @entity1294 : carriers [n   =   30], 25% [95% CI, 9%-52%] at 60 years to 64% [95% CI, 49%-77%] at 80 years; noncarriers [n   =   77], 7% [95% CI, 3%-18%] at 60 years to 29% [95% CI, 17%-43%] at 80 years. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among @entity1 with @entity303 , the prevalence of amyloid positivity was associated with clinical diagnosis, age, and @entity2204 genotype. These findings indicate the potential clinical utility of amyloid imaging for differential diagnosis in early-onset @entity303 and to support the clinical diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity195 and noncarrier @entity2204 status who are older than 70 years.

title: Prevalence of amyloid PET positivity in XXXX syndromes: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'APOE', 'APOE   4']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'AD dementia', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Osteocytes are proposed to be the mechanosensory cells that translate mechanical loading into biochemical signals during the process of bone adaptation. The lipid mediator @entity5595 ( @entity5596 ) has been reported to play a role in the mechanotransduction process of blood vessels and also in the dynamic control of bone mineral homeostasis. Nevertheless, the potential role of @entity5596 in bone mechanotransduction has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we hypothesized that a @entity5596 cascade is involved in the activation of osteocytes in response to loading-induced oscillatory fluid flow (OFF) in bone. MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells express the necessary components of a functional @entity5596 cascade. To examine the involvement of @entity5596 signaling in osteocyte mechanotransduction, we applied OFF (1Pa, 1Hz) to osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells under conditions where the @entity5596 signaling pathway was modulated. We found that decreased endogenous @entity5596 levels significantly suppressed the OFF-induced intracellular @entity460 response. Addition of extracellular @entity5596 to MLO-Y4 cells enhanced the synthesis and release of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) under static cells and amplified OFF-induced @entity1421 release. The stimulatory effect of OFF on the gene expression levels of @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) and @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) was @entity5596 dependent. Furthermore, the @entity15266 receptor subtype was shown to be involved in OFF-induced @entity1421 synthesis and release, as well as down-regulation of @entity5298 / @entity2159 gene expression ratio. In summary, our data suggest that @entity5596 cascade is involved in OFF-induced mechanotransduction in MLO-Y4 cells and that extracellular @entity5596 exerts its effect partly through @entity15266 receptors.

title: The role of the XXXX signaling pathway in osteocyte mechanotransduction.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['receptor activator for nuclear factor kB ligand', 'RANKL']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']

answer: @entity5595 :: (MESH:C060506,Chemical) :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1843 ( @entity1843 ) of the medial femoral condyle (MFC) is one of the most common causes of knee @entity158 in adolescents. Wilson sign reproduces knee @entity158 with internal rotation of the tibia during extension of the knee from 90 to 30 degrees due to impingement of the tibial eminence on the MFC. This impingement may result in microtrauma and contribute to lesion formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate anatomic factors that may increase the likelihood of impingement by using magnetic resonance imaging scans of @entity1 with @entity2096 to measure tibial eminence height and femoral notch width. METHODS: A retrospective, case-control study was performed using the radiology database at our institution between July 2009 and February 2014. Magnetic resonance imagings of @entity1 with @entity2096 and matched controls were identified. For each @entity1 , tibial eminence height and femoral notch width were measured and then normalized for @entity1 size [creating the tibial eminence height normalized, and the notch width index (NWI), respectively]. Values for @entity1843 and control knees were compared using Student t test. Interrater and intrarater reliability were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS: Thirty-five MFC @entity1843 @entity1 and matched controls were identified. Comparison of the groups showed a significantly smaller NWI in MFC @entity1843 knees than in the matched controls (0.2620  0.0248 vs. 0.2886   0.0323, P=0.0003). There was no difference in tibial eminence height normalized between groups (0.1387  0.0161 vs. 0.1428  0.0108, P=0.21). Interrater and intrarater reliability of all measurements was good to excellent (0.81 to 1.00) when measurements were made using bony margins. CONCLUSIONS: Knees with @entity2096 have significantly smaller NWIs than matched controls. This anatomic factor may increase the likelihood of @entity5818 and contribute to @entity1843 formation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-case-control study.

title: Intercondylar Notch Width as a Risk Factor for Medial Femoral Condyle Osteochondritis Dissecans in Skeletally Immature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1843 :: ('MESH:D010008', 'Disease') :: ['OCD lesion', 'OCD', 'Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['tibial eminence impingement']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['MFC OCD lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) is a cerebral protection technique that has been used in the operations involving the aortic arch and @entity438 for decades. We previous showed that @entity1167 treated @entity35 developed a significant oxidative stress and apoptosis in neurons. We here intend to investigate the protective the effect of hydrogen against oxidative stress-induced cell injury and the involved mechanisms using an in vitro experimental model of @entity519 /reoxygenation (H/R) on HT-22 cells. METHODS: The model of H/R was established using an airtight culture container and the anaeropack. Measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was used H2DCFDA and JC-1 staining. Western blot was used for the quantification of @entity2308 , p- @entity2308 , @entity1976 , @entity2310 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. The microRNA (miRNA) profile in hippocampal neurons from @entity35 model of @entity1167 was determined by miRNA deep sequencing. RESULTS: The elevation of ROS and reduction of MMP were significantly induced by the treatment with @entity519 for 18 h followed by reoxygenation for 6 h. Hydrogen treatment significantly reduced H/R-caused cell death. The levels of p- @entity2308 (Ser 473) and @entity1976 were significantly increased while @entity2310 and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased by hydrogen treatment on the model of H/R. The expression of miR-200 family was significantly elevated in model of @entity1167 and H/R. Hydrogen administration inhibited the H/R-induced expression of miR-200 family in HT-22 cells. In addition, inhibition of miR-200 family suppressed H/R-caused cell death through reducing ROS production. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that H/R causes oxidative stress-induced cell death and that the hydrogen protects against H/R-induced cell death in HT22 cells, in part, due to reducing expression of miR-200 family.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Hydrogen Suppresses XXXX /Reoxygenation-Induced Cell Death in Hippocampal Neurons Through Reducing Oxidative Stress.

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['DHCA', 'Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['brain aneurysm']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity5 ranging in age from 2 to 13 1/2 years are described. In 10 cases, the correct diagnosis was only made retrospectively. The most salient pathologic features were found in lymph node biopsy specimens. Fever and wasting were the most prominent symptoms in 21 cases, and @entity490 were striking in 9. @entity1897 , mostly of the cervicoaxillary type, was present in 21 @entity1 , with marked tenderness in 14. Abnormal mediastinal and/or paraaortic lymph nodes were detected radiographically in two-thirds of the @entity1 . Other prominent features included subcutaneous inflammatory infiltration in 12 @entity1 and skin nodules in 8. @entity1143 were seen in 8 @entity1 . The haematologic findings are described. Only 5 of 19 @entity1 had @entity14361 . Fifteen @entity1 died, one to 45 months from onset of their illness (median survival time, five months). Nine @entity1 are alive with no evidence of disease 21 to 46+ months (median, 40 months) after the time of diagnosis and 8 have currently been off treatment for periods ranging from three to 29 months; they all have been treated with @entity1891 , @entity229 , @entity786 , and @entity632 and 4 have achieved remission after treatment with @entity5713 , @entity1732 , and @entity11770 or @entity5538 - @entity34899 . It is concluded from this study that clearly delineated clinical features of @entity5 in childhood should allow more rapid determination of the proper diagnosis and should result in early treatment by means of intensive systemic combination chemotherapy, which has dramatically improved the prognosis.

title: XXXX in childhood: clinical study and therapeutic results in 22 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant histiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity14361 :: ('MESH:C566895', 'Disease') :: ['bonemarrow involvement']

entities_list: @entity34899 :: ('CHEBI:22601', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pains']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant histiocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 is widely recognized as a complex inflammatory disease involving pathogenic immune response of T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Accumulating evidence has revealed that mature DCs play critical roles in the differentiation of effector T cells into CD4+ T cells, which effectively participate in the onset of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). @entity9688 has been shown to be involved in various immune processes. The role of @entity9688 in DCs in the pathogenesis of @entity1187 has not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the relative mRNA and protein expression of @entity9688 in @entity1 monocyte-derived DCs in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). The overexpression or silencing of @entity9688 expression in DCs in @entity1 with @entity1187 was performed to explore the possible role of @entity9688 in the maturation and function of DCs involved in @entity1187 . The results showed that the relative expression of @entity9688 in DCs is obviously increased in @entity1 with @entity1187 . The overexpression or silencing of @entity9688 expression could effectively promote or attenuate the maturation and function of DCs. In addition, we revealed that the MAPK pathway (phosphorylation of JNK, @entity3963 and @entity1366 ) might be downstream of @entity9688 signalling pathway in activation of circulating DCs in @entity1187 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The present data demonstrate that @entity9688 could effectively promote the immune maturation and function of DCs in @entity1187 @entity1 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: IFN Regulatory Factor-1 Modulates the Function of Dendritic Cells in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Gene') :: ['IRF-1', 'IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-1']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['Acute Coronary Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 is widely recognized as a complex inflammatory disease involving pathogenic immune response of T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Accumulating evidence has revealed that mature DCs play critical roles in the differentiation of effector T cells into CD4+ T cells, which effectively participate in the onset of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). @entity9688 has been shown to be involved in various immune processes. The role of @entity9688 in DCs in the pathogenesis of @entity1187 has not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the relative mRNA and protein expression of @entity9688 in @entity1 monocyte-derived DCs in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). The overexpression or silencing of @entity9688 expression in DCs in @entity1 with @entity1187 was performed to explore the possible role of @entity9688 in the maturation and function of DCs involved in @entity1187 . The results showed that the relative expression of @entity9688 in DCs is obviously increased in @entity1 with @entity1187 . The overexpression or silencing of @entity9688 expression could effectively promote or attenuate the maturation and function of DCs. In addition, we revealed that the MAPK pathway (phosphorylation of JNK, @entity3963 and @entity1366 ) might be downstream of @entity9688 signalling pathway in activation of circulating DCs in @entity1187 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The present data demonstrate that @entity9688 could effectively promote the immune maturation and function of DCs in @entity1187 @entity1 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: IFN Regulatory Factor-1 Modulates the Function of Dendritic Cells in XXXX with @entity1187 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) are common among @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) however little is known about their progression in terms of severity or burden after referral to expert care. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to establish the progression of @entity1109 burden in @entity191 @entity1 after referral to tertiary healthcare centre and factors affecting it. METHODS: Newly referred @entity191 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled and follow-up for up to 18 months. @entity1109 scale (NMSS) was used to evaluate the burden of non-motor symptoms. RESULTS: There was a significant median reduction of total @entity1109 burden over the follow-up period. Similarly all @entity1109 domains except domains 2 (sleep/fatigue), 3 (mood/cognition), 6 (gastrointestinal) and 7 (urinary) showed significant median reduction of scores. In the univariate regression analysis, Hoehn _ Yahr staging, disease duration, visit, Schwab _ England Activities of Daily Living score and UPDRS motor scores were individually predictive of change in total @entity1109 burden. However, in the multivariable regression analysis only the latter three were significantly predictive of change in the total @entity1109 burden. CONCLUSION: There was a significant reduction of total @entity1109 burden over the study period. The severity of motor and activity of daily living impairments as well as subsequent visit were the best predictors of @entity1109 change.

title: A longitudinal study of non-motor symptom burden in XXXX after a transition to expert care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['NMS', 'Non-motor symptoms']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to determine whether pterostilbene improves glycaemic control in @entity35 showing insulin resistance induced by an obesogenic diet. @entity35 were divided into 3 groups: the control group and two groups treated with either 15 mg kg(-1) d(-1) (PT15) or 30 mg kg(-1) d(-1) of pterostilbene (PT30). HOMA-IR was decreased in both pterostilbene-treated groups, but this reduction was greater in the PT15 group (-45% and -22% respectively vs. the control group). The improvement of glycaemic control was not due to a delipidating effect of pterostilbene on skeletal muscle. In contrast, @entity19617 protein expression was increased (+58% and +52% vs. the control group), suggesting an improved glucose uptake. The phosphorylated- @entity2308 /total @entity2308 ratio was significantly enhanced in the PT30 group (+25%), and therefore a more efficient translocation of @entity19617 is likely. Additionally, in this group the amount of @entity67100 was significantly increased (+65%). These data suggest that the effect of pterostilbene on @entity2308 is mediated by this cytokine. In the liver, @entity13343 activity was significantly increased only in the PT15 group (+34%), and no changes were observed in glucose-6-phosphatase activity. The beneficial effect of pterostilbene on glycaemic control was more evident with the lower dose, probably because in the PT15 group both the muscle and the liver were contributing to this effect, but in the PT30 group only the skeletal muscle was responsible. In conclusion, pterostilbene improves glycaemic control in @entity35 showing insulin resistance induced by an obesogenic diet. An increase in hepatic @entity13343 activity, as well as in skeletal muscle glucose uptake, seems to be involved in the anti- @entity6 effect of this phenolic compound.

title: Pterostilbene improves glycaemic control in XXXX fed an obesogenic diet: involvement of skeletal muscle and liver.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity311 is the most relevant @entity4801 worldwide, and still accounts for 1 million deaths each year. Since current antimalarial drugs are unable to prevent @entity204 in severe cases, new therapeutic strategies have been developed. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) confer host resistance against @entity311 ; however, thus far, no study has evaluated the therapeutic effects of MSC therapy on brain and distal organ damage in experimental @entity6197 . METHODS: Forty C57BL/6 @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally with 5   *   10(6) @entity2637 -infected erythrocytes or saline. After 24  h, @entity19 received saline or bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC (1x10(5)) intravenously and were housed individually in metabolic cages. After 4  days, lung and kidney morphofunction; cerebrum, spleen, and liver histology; and markers associated with @entity32 , fibrogenesis, and epithelial and endothelial cell damage in lung tissue were analyzed. RESULTS: In @entity2637 -infected @entity19 , BM-MSCs: 1) reduced @entity5895 and mortality; 2) increased phagocytic neutrophil content in brain, even though BM-MSCs did not affect the inflammatory process; 3) decreased @entity311 pigment detection in spleen, liver, and kidney; 4) reduced hepatocyte derangement, with an increased number of Kupffer cells; 5) @entity8 , without effecting significant changes in serum creatinine levels or urinary flow; and 6) reduced neutrophil infiltration, @entity4 , number of myofibroblasts within interstitial tissue, and collagen deposition in lungs, resulting in decreased lung static elastance. These morphological and functional changes were not associated with changes in levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC, a @entity19 analog of @entity3806 ), or interferon-y, which remained increased and similar to those of @entity2637 animals treated with saline. BM-MSCs increased hepatocyte growth factor but decreased VEGF in the @entity2637 group. CONCLUSIONS: BM-MSC treatment increased survival and reduced @entity5895 and @entity311 pigment accumulation in spleen, liver, kidney, and lung, but not in brain. The two main organs associated with worse prognosis in @entity311 , lung and kidney, sustained less histological damage after BM-MSC therapy, with a more pronounced improvement in lung function.

title: Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy attenuated lung and XXXX but not brain damage in experimental @entity6197 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['decreased kidney damage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei', 'P. berghei']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity311 is the most relevant @entity4801 worldwide, and still accounts for 1 million deaths each year. Since current antimalarial drugs are unable to prevent @entity204 in severe cases, new therapeutic strategies have been developed. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) confer host resistance against @entity311 ; however, thus far, no study has evaluated the therapeutic effects of MSC therapy on brain and distal organ damage in experimental @entity6197 . METHODS: Forty C57BL/6 @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally with 5   *   10(6) @entity2637 -infected erythrocytes or saline. After 24  h, @entity19 received saline or bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC (1x10(5)) intravenously and were housed individually in metabolic cages. After 4  days, lung and kidney morphofunction; cerebrum, spleen, and liver histology; and markers associated with @entity32 , fibrogenesis, and epithelial and endothelial cell damage in lung tissue were analyzed. RESULTS: In @entity2637 -infected @entity19 , BM-MSCs: 1) reduced @entity5895 and mortality; 2) increased phagocytic neutrophil content in brain, even though BM-MSCs did not affect the inflammatory process; 3) decreased @entity311 pigment detection in spleen, liver, and kidney; 4) reduced hepatocyte derangement, with an increased number of Kupffer cells; 5) @entity8 , without effecting significant changes in serum creatinine levels or urinary flow; and 6) reduced neutrophil infiltration, @entity4 , number of myofibroblasts within interstitial tissue, and collagen deposition in lungs, resulting in decreased lung static elastance. These morphological and functional changes were not associated with changes in levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC, a @entity19 analog of @entity3806 ), or interferon-y, which remained increased and similar to those of @entity2637 animals treated with saline. BM-MSCs increased hepatocyte growth factor but decreased VEGF in the @entity2637 group. CONCLUSIONS: BM-MSC treatment increased survival and reduced @entity5895 and @entity311 pigment accumulation in spleen, liver, kidney, and lung, but not in brain. The two main organs associated with worse prognosis in @entity311 , lung and kidney, sustained less histological damage after BM-MSC therapy, with a more pronounced improvement in lung function.

title: Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy attenuated lung and @entity8 but not brain damage in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity6197 :: (MESH:D016779,Disease) :: ['cerebral malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of muscle ultrasound for evaluating muscle changes caused by denervation in @entity923 ( @entity923 ), which is a focal @entity16 . METHODS: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of echo intensity (EI) in the thenar and hypothenar muscles were calculated in 35 @entity1 with @entity923 and 11 healthy subjects. @entity1 were assigned to three subgroups based on @entity923 severity as determined by electrodiagnostic tests. The ratio of thenar muscle pixel brightness to hypothenar muscle pixel brightness was used in statistical analyses. The ratio of mean pixel brightness was termed the EI ratio, and the ratio of the SD of pixel brightness was termed the inhomogeneity ratio. RESULTS: Both the EI ratio and the inhomogeneity ratio were significantly higher in the @entity1 group than in the control group. In a comparison of the three @entity1 subgroups, the severe group showed significant differences in both the EI and inhomogeneity ratios compared to the other two groups. Subjects with denervation potential in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) had higher EI and inhomogeneity ratios than subjects without denervation potential in the APB. CONCLUSION: The EI ratio and inhomogeneity ratio are useful variables with which to evaluate disease severity and the presence of denervation in @entity1 with @entity923 . SIGNIFICANCE: Muscle ultrasound has clinical significance in the detection of muscle changes that result from @entity16 .

title: The significance of muscle echo intensity on ultrasound for focal XXXX : The median- to ulnar-innervated muscle echo intensity ratio in @entity923 .

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of muscle ultrasound for evaluating muscle changes caused by denervation in @entity923 ( @entity923 ), which is a focal @entity16 . METHODS: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of echo intensity (EI) in the thenar and hypothenar muscles were calculated in 35 @entity1 with @entity923 and 11 healthy subjects. @entity1 were assigned to three subgroups based on @entity923 severity as determined by electrodiagnostic tests. The ratio of thenar muscle pixel brightness to hypothenar muscle pixel brightness was used in statistical analyses. The ratio of mean pixel brightness was termed the EI ratio, and the ratio of the SD of pixel brightness was termed the inhomogeneity ratio. RESULTS: Both the EI ratio and the inhomogeneity ratio were significantly higher in the @entity1 group than in the control group. In a comparison of the three @entity1 subgroups, the severe group showed significant differences in both the EI and inhomogeneity ratios compared to the other two groups. Subjects with denervation potential in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) had higher EI and inhomogeneity ratios than subjects without denervation potential in the APB. CONCLUSION: The EI ratio and inhomogeneity ratio are useful variables with which to evaluate disease severity and the presence of denervation in @entity1 with @entity923 . SIGNIFICANCE: Muscle ultrasound has clinical significance in the detection of muscle changes that result from @entity16 .

title: The significance of muscle echo intensity on ultrasound for focal @entity16 : The median- to ulnar-innervated muscle echo intensity ratio in XXXX .

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: In order to assess the effects of @entity2040 in the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and the intraabdominal portion of the vas deferens, we examined these organs at 200 consecutive autopsies of African males. Portions of these organs as well as of the bladder, were digested in @entity3071 ; the proportion of eggs of @entity4114 found in these organs was: seminal vesicles, 54.5%, spermatic duct, 39.9%, and prostate gland, 20.5%. Eggs of @entity380 were rarer in these tissues (bladder, 1%; seminal vesicles, 15.5%; spermatic duct, 8%; and prostate gland, 1%). The mean number of @entity4114 eggs/gm of tissue was substantially greater than for @entity383 . To compare the histologic technique with that of digestion of tissue, we studied a further 100 consecutive autopsies--77% showed evidence of @entity2040 by 1 or the other method. The bladder was affected in 65%; prostate gland, 21%, seminal vesicle, 70%; and the vas deferens in 42%. The detection of @entity2040 was almost as good by the traditional histologic as by the digestion technique. Neither method revealed all @entity281 . The frequency and severity of the lesions in these tissues was studied by standard histologic technique: tissues from the last 100 consecutive cases showed definite inflammatory lesions especially in the seminal vesicles, but less than in the prostate gland. In none, however, was the reaction marked. There was good correlation between the mean number of eggs by the histologic and digestion methods, the exception being the prostate gland. No correlation could be shown between the number of eggs and @entity32 ; only a few eggs may provoke a marked response or the reverse may occur. Eggs were found mainly in the muscle layer of the seminal vesicles, but also in the mucosa and even the lumen. The number of eggs did not vary much with age of infected @entity1 ; however after age 60 the mean number of eggs in the bladder and seminal vesicles dropped markedly.

title: Schistosomiasis of the male pelvic organs. Severity of XXXX as determined by digestion of tissue and histologic methods in 300 cadavers.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium', 'S. haematobium']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: Four experiments were conducted with growing chicks to study the effects of feeding rye and @entity3505 diets supplemented with different @entity460 levels, two types and two levels of fat, and increasing levels of @entity3875 and to study the interrelationships of these dietary ingredients on @entity1573 performance. In Experiment 1, feed conversion efficiency was reduced to a much greater extend (10% vs. 1%) when tallow replaced @entity1460 oil in a rye-based diet containing only .6% @entity460 compared to a @entity3505 -based diet. When the dietary @entity460 was increased to 1.1% the replacement of tallow by @entity1460 oil resulted in only a small reduction in feed efficiency for chicks fed either the rye-(3%) or @entity3505 - (1%) based diets. The retention of fat, particularly tallow, was @entity308 in rye as compared to @entity3505 -fed birds. Fat retention was also influenced by @entity460 levels. Increasing the dietary @entity460 from .6 to 1.1% improved tallow (16%) and @entity308 (7%) @entity1460 oil retention in rye-based diets, whereas in @entity3505 -based diets the retention for both fats was slightly decreased. Experiment 2 showed that the efficiency of utilization of rye diets containing 7.5% tallow was improved by 10% when the level of dietary @entity460 was increased from .6 to 1.1% while the corresponding improvement in similarly formulated @entity3505 diets was only 1%. The improvement of 2.5% fat, however, was only about 3% for both @entity3505 and rye diets. The results from Experiment 3 showed that in the presence of a large excess of @entity3875 , the @entity308 in the efficiency of utilization of the @entity3505 diet was 13% but was less than 1% for the rye diet. This indicates that rye contains a factor that depresses @entity3875 absorption. In Experiment 4, when dietary @entity460 was increased from .80 to 2.00% or when @entity114 (200 mg/kg) was added, the improvement in efficiency of feed utilization was greater in chicks fed a rye diet (7%) compared to those fed a @entity3505 diet (1%). The rye diets, however, were always less efficiently utilized than the corresponding @entity3505 diets. @entity560 supplementation, in contrast, did not affect @entity1573 performance. These results show that the performance of chicks fed rye diets is markedly influenced by type and level of dietary fat and the level of dietary @entity460 .

title: The utilization of rye by growing chicks as influenced by @entity460 , XXXX , and fat type and level.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin D']

answer: @entity3875 :: (MESH:D002762,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D3']


abstract: Four experiments were conducted with growing chicks to study the effects of feeding rye and @entity3505 diets supplemented with different @entity460 levels, two types and two levels of fat, and increasing levels of @entity3875 and to study the interrelationships of these dietary ingredients on @entity1573 performance. In Experiment 1, feed conversion efficiency was reduced to a much greater extend (10% vs. 1%) when tallow replaced @entity1460 oil in a rye-based diet containing only .6% @entity460 compared to a @entity3505 -based diet. When the dietary @entity460 was increased to 1.1% the replacement of tallow by @entity1460 oil resulted in only a small reduction in feed efficiency for chicks fed either the rye-(3%) or @entity3505 - (1%) based diets. The retention of fat, particularly tallow, was @entity308 in rye as compared to @entity3505 -fed birds. Fat retention was also influenced by @entity460 levels. Increasing the dietary @entity460 from .6 to 1.1% improved tallow (16%) and @entity308 (7%) @entity1460 oil retention in rye-based diets, whereas in @entity3505 -based diets the retention for both fats was slightly decreased. Experiment 2 showed that the efficiency of utilization of rye diets containing 7.5% tallow was improved by 10% when the level of dietary @entity460 was increased from .6 to 1.1% while the corresponding improvement in similarly formulated @entity3505 diets was only 1%. The improvement of 2.5% fat, however, was only about 3% for both @entity3505 and rye diets. The results from Experiment 3 showed that in the presence of a large excess of @entity3875 , the @entity308 in the efficiency of utilization of the @entity3505 diet was 13% but was less than 1% for the rye diet. This indicates that rye contains a factor that depresses @entity3875 absorption. In Experiment 4, when dietary @entity460 was increased from .80 to 2.00% or when @entity114 (200 mg/kg) was added, the improvement in efficiency of feed utilization was greater in chicks fed a rye diet (7%) compared to those fed a @entity3505 diet (1%). The rye diets, however, were always less efficiently utilized than the corresponding @entity3505 diets. @entity560 supplementation, in contrast, did not affect @entity1573 performance. These results show that the performance of chicks fed rye diets is markedly influenced by type and level of dietary fat and the level of dietary @entity460 .

title: The utilization of rye by growing chicks as influenced by XXXX , @entity3875 , and fat type and level.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Introduction   @entity8174 ( @entity8174 ) are unexpected hypermetabolic foci in the parotid region that can be found when scanning with whole-body positron emission/computed tomography (PET/CT). These deposits are most commonly due to benign lesions such as @entity4724 . Objective   The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity8174 identified in PET/CT scans and to assess the role of smoking in their etiology. Methods   We retrospectively reviewed all PET/CT scans performed at our center in search of @entity8174 and identified smoking status and standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in each case. We also analyzed the database of parotidectomies performed in our department in the previous 10 years and focused on the pathologic diagnosis and the presence or absence of smoking in each case. Results   Sixteen cases of @entity8174 were found in 4,250 PET/CT scans, accounting for 0.4%. The average SUVmax was 6.5 (range 2.8 to 16). Cytology was performed in five @entity1 ; it was benign in four cases and inconclusive in one case. Thirteen @entity1 had a history of smoking. Of the parotidectomies performed in our center with a diagnosis of @entity4724 , we identified a history of smoking in 93.8% of those @entity1 . Conclusions   The prevalence of @entity8174 on PET/CT was similar to that reported by other authors. @entity4724 is frequently diagnosed among @entity8174 on PET/CT, and it has a strong relationship with smoking. We suggest that a diagnosis other than @entity4724 should be considered for @entity8174 in nonsmokers.

title: Parotid incidentaloma identified by positron emission/computed tomography: when to consider diagnoses other than XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['Parotid gland incidentalomas', 'PGIs']

entities_list: @entity4724 :: ('MESH:D000235', 'Disease') :: ['Warthin tumor']

answer: @entity4724 :: (MESH:D000235,Disease) :: ['warthin tumor']


abstract: Stem cell transplantation forms an integral part of the treatment for @entity1582 . This paper reviews the current role of transplantation and the progress that has been made in order to optimize the success of this therapy. Effective induction chemotherapy is important and a combination regimen incorporating the novel agent @entity1749 is now favorable. Adequate induction is a crucial adjunct to stem cell transplantation and in some cases may potentially postpone the need for transplant. Different conditioning agents prior to transplantation have been explored: high-dose melphalan is most commonly used and @entity1749 is a promising additional agent. There is no well-defined superior transplantation protocol but single or tandem autologous stem cell transplantations are those most commonly used, with allogeneic transplantation only used in clinical trials. The appropriate timing of transplantation in the treatment plan is a matter of debate. Consolidation and maintenance chemotherapies, particularly @entity2816 and @entity1749 , aim to improve and prolong disease response to transplantation and delay recurrence. Prognostic factors for the outcome of stem cell transplant in @entity1582 have been highlighted. Despite good responses to chemotherapy and transplantation, the problem of disease recurrence persists. Thus, there is still much room for improvement. Treatments which harness the graft-versus- @entity1582 effect may offer a potential cure for this disease. Trials of novel agents are underway, including targeted therapies for specific antigens such as vaccines and monoclonal antibodies.

title: Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation as first-line treatment in XXXX : a global perspective of current concepts and future possibilities.

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: Microenvironmental elements can directly contribute to the induction and the maintenance of @entity5 . @entity26 is the main element in the cell microenvironment and @entity519 can affect the process of tumorigenesis. In response to @entity519 , cells change their pattern and characteristics. These changes suggest that it is not just adaptation, but some sort of cell defense against @entity519 . If @entity519 is corrected, then cell defense mechanisms are interrupted. An examination of the process of tumorigenesis helps to design better therapeutic strategies. A systematic review of the English literature was conducted by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and ISI Web databases for studies on changes that defend and help cells to live in a @entity519 microenvironment. Cells respond to @entity519 by de-differentiation and an increase in @entity1457 proteins. Angiogenesis and deviation of inflammatory response in favor of @entity1358 and save the @entity26 -starved cells from death. Finally, anti-angiogenic therapies and more @entity519 enhance @entity3 , as @entity5 with low @entity26 concentration are more malignant than @entity5 with high @entity26 concentration. All these enable cells to migrate away from low @entity26 areas and seek a more conducive microenvironment. Therapies that make the microenvironment more @entity519 need to be revised. This has been done for anti-angiogenic therapies, previously considered to be anti- @entity5 approaches. Effective therapies may be correcting therapies which direct the @entity5 microenvironment towards natural physical/chemical condition. Correcting therapies either @entity5 cells to a normal form ( @entity5 cells) or help the immune system to eradicate @entity5 cells which can not be corrected.

title: Tumorigenesis: cell defense against XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'bring back tumor', 'correct tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic cell survival also defend']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: The current study describes novel multifunctional polymer-shelled microbubbles (MBs) loaded with @entity842 (NO) for integrated therapeutic and diagnostic applications (ie, theranostics) of @entity741 . We used gas-filled MBs with an average diameter of 4  m stabilized by a biocompatible shell of @entity4832 . In vitro acoustic tests showed sufficient enhancement of the backscattered power (20 dB) acquired from the MBs' suspension. The values of attenuation coefficient (0.8 dB/cm MHz) and phase velocities (1,517 m/s) were comparable with those reported for the soft tissue. Moreover, polymer MBs demonstrate increased stability compared with clinically approved contrast agents with a @entity174 threshold of about 900 kPa. In vitro chemiluminescence measurements demonstrated that dry powder of NO-loaded MBs releases its gas content in about 2 hours following an exponential decay profile with an exponential time constant equal to 36 minutes. The application of high-power ultrasound pulse (mechanical index =1.2) on the MBs resuspended in saline decreases the exponential time constant from 55 to 4 minutes in air-saturated solution and from 17 to 10 minutes in degassed solution. Thus, ultrasound-triggered release of NO is achieved. @entity137 tests indicate that phagocytosis of the MBs by macrophages starts within 6-8 hours. This is a suitable time for initial diagnostics, treatment, and monitoring of the therapeutic effect using a single injection of the proposed multifunctional MBs.

title: Ultrasound contrast agent loaded with XXXX as a theranostic microdevice.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']