abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the lung damage caused by intrapleural @entity7292 (SN) with that caused by talc over a 12-month period. DESIGN: One hundred forty @entity95 received an intrapleural injection of 0.5% SN or 400 mg/kg talc slurry in 2 mL saline solution. Groups of 10 @entity95 were killed after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 months. The macroscopic pleurodesis, microscopic lung changes (ie, collapse, @entity548 , and @entity4 ), and cellular infiltrates (number and proportion of cells) were graded on a scale of 0 to 4. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SEM) adhesion score after SN injection (3.3 +/- 0.1) was higher (p < 0.001) than that after talc injection (2.3 +/- 0.1). The mean @entity133 score was greater (p < 0.001) 1 month after SN injection (2.2 +/- 0.3) than after talc injection (0.2 +/- 0.1) and was similar from the second month on. The degree of @entity548 , by @entity133 score, (SN injection, 0.2 +/- 0.1; talc injection, 0.2 +/- 0.0) and @entity4 (SN injection, 0.4 +/- 0.1; talc injection, 0.3 +/- 0.1) was minimal in both groups (p > 0.05). One month after the injection, the total number of inflammatory cells was greater (p < 0.001) in @entity95 that had received SN injections (2.7 +/- 0.3) than in those that had received talc injections (1.2 +/- 0.1). From the second month on, cellularity decreased and became similar in both groups. The cellular profile was different, with a predominantly neutrophilic reaction after talc injection and a predominantly eosinophilic reaction after SN injection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity95 injected with intrapleural 0.5% SN had significantly higher scores for adhesions than did those that had received talc injections, with mild and reversible @entity133 and an eosinophilic responses, conditions showing a clear tendency to normalize with time.

title: Lung damage in experimental pleurodesis induced by XXXX or talc: 1-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar collapse']

answer: @entity7292 :: (MESH:D012835,Chemical) :: ['silver nitrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The current study was designed to examine whether ubiquitin expression is higher in unstable than in stable lesions of @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). BACKGROUND: The ubiquitin system has been identified as the nonlysosomal pathway of protein degradation; it is involved in a number of biologic processes crucial to cell and tissue integrity and therefore, might be potentially involved in the rupture of unstable coronary plaques. METHODS: We conducted an autopsy-based study of 25 consecutive @entity1 with fatal @entity1187 . Lesions of both @entity1188 -related and noninfarct-related segments from the same @entity1 were examined for the expression and localization of ubiquitin by use of immunohistochemistry and a semiquantitative grading scale. RESULTS: Ubiquitin immunoreactivity was higher in @entity1188 -related than in noninfarct-related lesions (1.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.6, p = 0.03). Compared with areas adjacent to the plaque (0.6 +/- 0.7), ubiquitin immunoreactivity was higher in areas around the lipid core (2.5 +/- 0.8, p < 0.001), plaque shoulders (1.6 +/- 1.1, p < 0.001), and fibrous cap regions (1.6 +/- 1.1, p < 0.001). Within the plaque area, co-localization of ubiquitin immunoreactivity with T cells and macrophages was found. In areas adjacent to the plaque, ubiquitin immunoreactivity co-localized with @entity8233 cells and media smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1187 , ubiquitin immunoreactivity is enhanced in unstable, @entity4798 , predominantly in plaque regions of tissue degradation. Based on these findings, this study suggests a role for the ubiquitin system in the destabilization and rupture of @entity453 in @entity1 .

title: Increased ubiquitin immunoreactivity in unstable atherosclerotic plaques associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related lesions']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was done to identify the best treatment for an isolated high-grade @entity850 of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). BACKGROUND: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with stenting (PCI) and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (surgery) are used to treat single-vessel disease of a high-grade @entity850 of the proximal LAD. Midterm results of both treatments are compared in this prospective randomized study. METHODS: In a single-center prospective trial, we randomly assigned 102 @entity1 with a high-grade @entity850 of the proximal LAD (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association classification type @entity4400 ) to PCI (n = 51) or surgery (n = 51). Primary composite end point was freedom from Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCE) at follow-up, including death, @entity583 , @entity64 , and repeat target vessel revascularization (TVR). Secondary end points were @entity951 class and need for antianginal medication at follow-up. Analysis was by intention-to-treat (ITT) and @entity34 ( @entity34 ). RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was three years (90% midrange, two to four years). Incidence of MACCE was 23.5% after PCI and 9.8% after surgery; p = 0.07 ITT (24.1% vs. 8.3%; p = 0.04 @entity34 ). After surgery a significantly lower @entity951 class (p = 0.02) and need for antianginal medication (p = 0.01) was found compared to PCI. Target vessel revascularization was 15.7% after PCI and 4.1% after surgery (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: At three-year follow-up (range, two to four years), a trend in favor of surgery is observed in regard to MACCE-free survival with a significantly lower @entity951 status and significantly lower need for antianginal medication.

title: A prospective randomized trial comparing stenting with off-pump coronary surgery for high-grade XXXX in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery: three-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['received treatment', 'RT']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of weekly high-dose @entity1311 in @entity342 -independent @entity263 and its cytotoxic synergy with @entity12749 led to the evaluation of a weekly schedule of @entity1311 and @entity12749 in this Phase II trial. METHODS: @entity1 were eligible if they had metastatic @entity263 with objective progression or rising @entity1486 levels despite @entity342 deprivation therapy and @entity17707 withdrawal. Prior radiation and/or one prior chemotherapy regimen was permitted. A Zubrod performance status of 2 or less and adequate @entity236 were required. @entity12749 was administered orally at a dose of 280 mg three times daily on days 1 to 3, 8 to 10, and 15 to 17. @entity1311 (150 mg/m2) was administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion on days 2, 9, and 16. Therapy was repeated every 28 days (one cycle). RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were enrolled (median age 71.5 years). Fifteen @entity1 had measurable disease (nine nodal and seven visceral) and 13 had bone-only metastases. A total of 116 cycles of therapy were delivered (median 4 cycles per @entity1 , range 1 to 12). Nine @entity1 required dose reduction. The predominant @entity137 consisted of grade 3 @entity16 in 6 @entity1 and grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 in 4 @entity1 , with one hospitalization for @entity1398 . Three @entity1 had @entity715 manifestations: one @entity1150 and two non-Q wave @entity583 . Of the 28 @entity1 , 26 were assessable for response. Of 13 @entity1 with measurable disease, 5 demonstrated a partial response (1 in the liver and 4 in the lymph nodes), and 8 of 13 @entity1 with bone-only metastases had a 50% or greater decrease in @entity1486 level. Three @entity1 had a 90% or greater decline in @entity1486 . The overall @entity1486 response rate was 61.53% (95% confidence interval 38.1% to 74.2%). The median time to progression was 4.64 months, and the median survival was 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of weekly @entity12749 and @entity1311 is active in metastatic @entity342 -independent @entity263 .

title: An active regimen of weekly @entity1311 and XXXX in metastatic @entity342 -independent @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12749 :: ('MESH:D004961', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine', 'Estramustine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel', 'paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity17707 :: ('CHEBI:35497', 'Chemical') :: ['antiandrogen']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow and hepatic and renal function']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen (PSA)']

answer: @entity12749 :: (MESH:D004961,Chemical) :: ['estramustine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of weekly high-dose @entity1311 in @entity342 -independent @entity263 and its cytotoxic synergy with @entity12749 led to the evaluation of a weekly schedule of @entity1311 and @entity12749 in this Phase II trial. METHODS: @entity1 were eligible if they had metastatic @entity263 with objective progression or rising @entity1486 levels despite @entity342 deprivation therapy and @entity17707 withdrawal. Prior radiation and/or one prior chemotherapy regimen was permitted. A Zubrod performance status of 2 or less and adequate @entity236 were required. @entity12749 was administered orally at a dose of 280 mg three times daily on days 1 to 3, 8 to 10, and 15 to 17. @entity1311 (150 mg/m2) was administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion on days 2, 9, and 16. Therapy was repeated every 28 days (one cycle). RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were enrolled (median age 71.5 years). Fifteen @entity1 had measurable disease (nine nodal and seven visceral) and 13 had bone-only metastases. A total of 116 cycles of therapy were delivered (median 4 cycles per @entity1 , range 1 to 12). Nine @entity1 required dose reduction. The predominant @entity137 consisted of grade 3 @entity16 in 6 @entity1 and grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 in 4 @entity1 , with one hospitalization for @entity1398 . Three @entity1 had @entity715 manifestations: one @entity1150 and two non-Q wave @entity583 . Of the 28 @entity1 , 26 were assessable for response. Of 13 @entity1 with measurable disease, 5 demonstrated a partial response (1 in the liver and 4 in the lymph nodes), and 8 of 13 @entity1 with bone-only metastases had a 50% or greater decrease in @entity1486 level. Three @entity1 had a 90% or greater decline in @entity1486 . The overall @entity1486 response rate was 61.53% (95% confidence interval 38.1% to 74.2%). The median time to progression was 4.64 months, and the median survival was 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of weekly @entity12749 and @entity1311 is active in metastatic @entity342 -independent @entity263 .

title: An active regimen of weekly @entity1311 and @entity12749 in metastatic @entity342 -independent XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of weekly high-dose @entity1311 in @entity342 -independent @entity263 and its cytotoxic synergy with @entity12749 led to the evaluation of a weekly schedule of @entity1311 and @entity12749 in this Phase II trial. METHODS: @entity1 were eligible if they had metastatic @entity263 with objective progression or rising @entity1486 levels despite @entity342 deprivation therapy and @entity17707 withdrawal. Prior radiation and/or one prior chemotherapy regimen was permitted. A Zubrod performance status of 2 or less and adequate @entity236 were required. @entity12749 was administered orally at a dose of 280 mg three times daily on days 1 to 3, 8 to 10, and 15 to 17. @entity1311 (150 mg/m2) was administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion on days 2, 9, and 16. Therapy was repeated every 28 days (one cycle). RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were enrolled (median age 71.5 years). Fifteen @entity1 had measurable disease (nine nodal and seven visceral) and 13 had bone-only metastases. A total of 116 cycles of therapy were delivered (median 4 cycles per @entity1 , range 1 to 12). Nine @entity1 required dose reduction. The predominant @entity137 consisted of grade 3 @entity16 in 6 @entity1 and grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 in 4 @entity1 , with one hospitalization for @entity1398 . Three @entity1 had @entity715 manifestations: one @entity1150 and two non-Q wave @entity583 . Of the 28 @entity1 , 26 were assessable for response. Of 13 @entity1 with measurable disease, 5 demonstrated a partial response (1 in the liver and 4 in the lymph nodes), and 8 of 13 @entity1 with bone-only metastases had a 50% or greater decrease in @entity1486 level. Three @entity1 had a 90% or greater decline in @entity1486 . The overall @entity1486 response rate was 61.53% (95% confidence interval 38.1% to 74.2%). The median time to progression was 4.64 months, and the median survival was 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of weekly @entity12749 and @entity1311 is active in metastatic @entity342 -independent @entity263 .

title: An active regimen of weekly @entity1311 and @entity12749 in metastatic XXXX -independent @entity263 .

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of weekly high-dose @entity1311 in @entity342 -independent @entity263 and its cytotoxic synergy with @entity12749 led to the evaluation of a weekly schedule of @entity1311 and @entity12749 in this Phase II trial. METHODS: @entity1 were eligible if they had metastatic @entity263 with objective progression or rising @entity1486 levels despite @entity342 deprivation therapy and @entity17707 withdrawal. Prior radiation and/or one prior chemotherapy regimen was permitted. A Zubrod performance status of 2 or less and adequate @entity236 were required. @entity12749 was administered orally at a dose of 280 mg three times daily on days 1 to 3, 8 to 10, and 15 to 17. @entity1311 (150 mg/m2) was administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion on days 2, 9, and 16. Therapy was repeated every 28 days (one cycle). RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were enrolled (median age 71.5 years). Fifteen @entity1 had measurable disease (nine nodal and seven visceral) and 13 had bone-only metastases. A total of 116 cycles of therapy were delivered (median 4 cycles per @entity1 , range 1 to 12). Nine @entity1 required dose reduction. The predominant @entity137 consisted of grade 3 @entity16 in 6 @entity1 and grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 in 4 @entity1 , with one hospitalization for @entity1398 . Three @entity1 had @entity715 manifestations: one @entity1150 and two non-Q wave @entity583 . Of the 28 @entity1 , 26 were assessable for response. Of 13 @entity1 with measurable disease, 5 demonstrated a partial response (1 in the liver and 4 in the lymph nodes), and 8 of 13 @entity1 with bone-only metastases had a 50% or greater decrease in @entity1486 level. Three @entity1 had a 90% or greater decline in @entity1486 . The overall @entity1486 response rate was 61.53% (95% confidence interval 38.1% to 74.2%). The median time to progression was 4.64 months, and the median survival was 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of weekly @entity12749 and @entity1311 is active in metastatic @entity342 -independent @entity263 .

title: An active regimen of weekly XXXX and @entity12749 in metastatic @entity342 -independent @entity263 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To describe the technique of transperitoneal laparoscopic bilateral synchronous partial adrenalectomy in a @entity1 with bilateral @entity1911 . TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS: An 81-year-old @entity1 with bilateral @entity1911 underwent bilateral laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy. A three-port transperitoneal approach was used for each side, with an additional port for liver retraction during right partial adrenalectomy. Laparoscopic flexible ultrasonography was invaluable for localizing the @entity5 and for precise planning of the line of excision. The right main adrenal vein was preserved. Dissection and enucleation of the @entity5 and parenchymal hemostasis was achieved effectively using a harmonic scalpel. The total operative time was 2 and 2.5 hours for the left and right adrenal gland, respectively. No major intraoperative hemodynamic instability was noted. The @entity190 was 150 mL, and the hospital stay was 4 days. Pathologic examination confirmed bilateral @entity1911 . CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy for @entity1911 is safe and technically feasible. Intraoperative ultrasonography is helpful to accurately plan resection of the @entity5 . If @entity5 location permits, the main adrenal vein should be preserved to ensure adequate vascularity for the adrenal remnant.

title: Laparoscopic bilateral partial adrenalectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytoma']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: Basiliximab, a chimeric @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) antagonist, was evaluated in 17 @entity1 with @entity134 -refractory @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) after allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity1 were transplanted from a related (n = 6) or unrelated (n = 11) HLA-identical donor because of @entity981 (n = 4), @entity3052 (n = 3), @entity1860 (n = 7), @entity2590 (n = 1), @entity1893 (n = 1), and multiple @entity1582 (n = 1). Basiliximab was given at a dose of 2 x 20 mg on 2 consecutive days after @entity134 -refractory acute @entity2132 had developed. Basiliximab was repeated on day 8 in cases of persistent @entity2132 . A median of four basiliximab infusions (range 1-12) were given to these @entity1 . None had infusion-associated or cytokine-related side-effects after basiliximab. Twelve of 17 @entity1 (71%) responded to basiliximab, 9/17 (53%) had a complete response (CR) of acute @entity2132 and 3/17 (18%) had a partial response (PR). Five of 17 @entity1 (29%) did not respond. @entity2132 developed in 8/13 evaluable @entity1 and only 2/8 had responded to basiliximab before. Five of 13 evaluable @entity1 have no signs of @entity2132 and all five had a CR or PR after basiliximab. This is the first report on the safety of basiliximab in @entity1 with @entity134 -refractory acute @entity2132 . Our data suggest that basiliximab is effective in a substantial proportion of these @entity1 .

title: Basiliximab is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of @entity134 -refractory @entity2132 after allogeneic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Chronic GVHD', 'chronic GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity2902 :: ('3559', 'Gene') :: ['IL-2-R', 'interleukin-2 receptor']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['stem cell transplantation']


abstract: Basiliximab, a chimeric @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) antagonist, was evaluated in 17 @entity1 with @entity134 -refractory @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) after allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity1 were transplanted from a related (n = 6) or unrelated (n = 11) HLA-identical donor because of @entity981 (n = 4), @entity3052 (n = 3), @entity1860 (n = 7), @entity2590 (n = 1), @entity1893 (n = 1), and multiple @entity1582 (n = 1). Basiliximab was given at a dose of 2 x 20 mg on 2 consecutive days after @entity134 -refractory acute @entity2132 had developed. Basiliximab was repeated on day 8 in cases of persistent @entity2132 . A median of four basiliximab infusions (range 1-12) were given to these @entity1 . None had infusion-associated or cytokine-related side-effects after basiliximab. Twelve of 17 @entity1 (71%) responded to basiliximab, 9/17 (53%) had a complete response (CR) of acute @entity2132 and 3/17 (18%) had a partial response (PR). Five of 17 @entity1 (29%) did not respond. @entity2132 developed in 8/13 evaluable @entity1 and only 2/8 had responded to basiliximab before. Five of 13 evaluable @entity1 have no signs of @entity2132 and all five had a CR or PR after basiliximab. This is the first report on the safety of basiliximab in @entity1 with @entity134 -refractory acute @entity2132 . Our data suggest that basiliximab is effective in a substantial proportion of these @entity1 .

title: Basiliximab is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of @entity134 -refractory XXXX after allogeneic @entity8 .

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: Basiliximab, a chimeric @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) antagonist, was evaluated in 17 @entity1 with @entity134 -refractory @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) after allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity1 were transplanted from a related (n = 6) or unrelated (n = 11) HLA-identical donor because of @entity981 (n = 4), @entity3052 (n = 3), @entity1860 (n = 7), @entity2590 (n = 1), @entity1893 (n = 1), and multiple @entity1582 (n = 1). Basiliximab was given at a dose of 2 x 20 mg on 2 consecutive days after @entity134 -refractory acute @entity2132 had developed. Basiliximab was repeated on day 8 in cases of persistent @entity2132 . A median of four basiliximab infusions (range 1-12) were given to these @entity1 . None had infusion-associated or cytokine-related side-effects after basiliximab. Twelve of 17 @entity1 (71%) responded to basiliximab, 9/17 (53%) had a complete response (CR) of acute @entity2132 and 3/17 (18%) had a partial response (PR). Five of 17 @entity1 (29%) did not respond. @entity2132 developed in 8/13 evaluable @entity1 and only 2/8 had responded to basiliximab before. Five of 13 evaluable @entity1 have no signs of @entity2132 and all five had a CR or PR after basiliximab. This is the first report on the safety of basiliximab in @entity1 with @entity134 -refractory acute @entity2132 . Our data suggest that basiliximab is effective in a substantial proportion of these @entity1 .

title: Basiliximab is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of XXXX -refractory @entity2132 after allogeneic @entity8 .

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and duplex outcome after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in recently symptomatic @entity1 aged 80 years or older. Information was assembled from a prospective data collection of all CEAs performed from January 1986 to December 1999. Included were all @entity1 with recently symptomatic @entity543 who were aged 80 years or older at time of operation. Thirty-two @entity1 , with a mean age of 82 years, were included. Outcome events were @entity64 , @entity204 , and @entity256 (more than 50% diameter reduction) during routine duplex scan follow-up. Conventional surgical technique was used regarding anesthesia and selective shunting or patching. None of the operated-on @entity1 suffered a @entity64 at any time during follow-up. One @entity1 (3.1%) died in the early postoperative phase (<30 days). An additional 8 @entity1 died during follow-up. None of these deaths were of cerebrovascular origin. Survival at 3 years was 73% (life table analysis). Routine duplex scan follow-up showed 2 @entity1 with a diameter reduction of more than 50%, both 3 months after CEA. @entity256 rate on duplex scan was 7.4% after 1 year. The authors conclude that there seems to be no reason to deny the very elderly the benefits of CEA. @entity64 -free survival and survival rates show that carotid surgery is a safe procedure in @entity1 aged 80 and over who are in apparently good health. These findings are supported by a low incidence of @entity256 on duplex scan follow-up, indicating a durable repair.

title: Carotid endarterectomy in octogenarians with symptomatic high-grade internal XXXX : long-term clinical and duplex follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: @entity6184 represents a serious complication of tracheostomy or of endotracheal intubation. The objective of this article was to evaluate the results of resective therapy of @entity1 with @entity6184 . METHODS: In 41 @entity1 treated by tracheal resection for @entity6184 the diagnosis was established by bronchoscopy, tracheal tomography or CT. The following parameters were evaluated: the reasons for artificial pulmonary ventilation, basic @entity850 (site of @entity850 , length, diameter), the relationship between the duration of cannulation and asymptomatic @entity260 . RESULTS: The most frequent reason for cannulation was @entity130 (n = 23), most @entity1 were cannulated for 4-5 weeks (n = 16), the symptoms of @entity850 appeared mostly within 4-5 weeks (n = 11) after decannulation. The asymptomatic interval was longer in @entity1 with longer periods of cannulation (p < 0.01) than in @entity1 with a shorter cannulation period. The most frequent site of stenoses was the medium third of the @entity825 (n = 22). The longest resected section measured 60 mm. In 3 @entity1 (7.3 %) a @entity4501 was found together with the @entity850 . In 3 @entity1 (7.3 %) @entity256 appeared. @entity292 with @entity4034 of the sternum developed in one @entity1 . Granulation tissue on the @entity254 site (n = 4, 9.7 %) was treated by laser or disappeared spontaneously. None of the @entity1 died within 30 days after operation. CONCLUSION: Resection is the optimum therapeutic method for @entity6184 with @entity282 and a small number of @entity260 . Successful tracheal resection is a definitive solution in comparison with stent placement.

title: [Resection of the @entity825 for cicatrical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['interval, and postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis', 'Tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['Tracheocutaneous fistula']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['parameters of stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['low postoperative mortality']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: @entity6184 represents a serious complication of tracheostomy or of endotracheal intubation. The objective of this article was to evaluate the results of resective therapy of @entity1 with @entity6184 . METHODS: In 41 @entity1 treated by tracheal resection for @entity6184 the diagnosis was established by bronchoscopy, tracheal tomography or CT. The following parameters were evaluated: the reasons for artificial pulmonary ventilation, basic @entity850 (site of @entity850 , length, diameter), the relationship between the duration of cannulation and asymptomatic @entity260 . RESULTS: The most frequent reason for cannulation was @entity130 (n = 23), most @entity1 were cannulated for 4-5 weeks (n = 16), the symptoms of @entity850 appeared mostly within 4-5 weeks (n = 11) after decannulation. The asymptomatic interval was longer in @entity1 with longer periods of cannulation (p < 0.01) than in @entity1 with a shorter cannulation period. The most frequent site of stenoses was the medium third of the @entity825 (n = 22). The longest resected section measured 60 mm. In 3 @entity1 (7.3 %) a @entity4501 was found together with the @entity850 . In 3 @entity1 (7.3 %) @entity256 appeared. @entity292 with @entity4034 of the sternum developed in one @entity1 . Granulation tissue on the @entity254 site (n = 4, 9.7 %) was treated by laser or disappeared spontaneously. None of the @entity1 died within 30 days after operation. CONCLUSION: Resection is the optimum therapeutic method for @entity6184 with @entity282 and a small number of @entity260 . Successful tracheal resection is a definitive solution in comparison with stent placement.

title: [Resection of the XXXX for cicatrical @entity850 ].

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: @entity1151 is fatal if the diagnosis and treatments are delayed. Here we present a case of acute @entity1031 to the right and @entity358 after right lung lobar resection. A 52-year-old @entity1 who admitted to our hospital with @entity2 was performed right upper lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection (pT1N0M0, well differentiated @entity420 ). Two days after surgery, she complained sudden chest discomfort and @entity1353 . The blood pressure and @entity26 saturation were rapidly decreased. Because there was no lung @entity4 or @entity891 in the chest portable roentgenogram and no ischemic change in the electrocardiogram, @entity1151 was suspected and emergency chest computed tomography (CT) was performed. The CT showed left and right pulmonary arterial @entity1031 and immediate anti-coagulator therapy was started. Her condition was improved and chest CT, which was performed three days after the onset of the @entity1031 , showed decreased but still remained @entity715 . The anti-coagulator therapy was continued and one month after the onset of the @entity1031 , @entity715 was disappeared on chest CT. She is doing well 17 months after surgery. Early diagnosis and treatments are critical for the @entity1151 .

title: [ XXXX complicating lung lobectomy; report of a case].

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism', 'Acute pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['left pulmonary arteries']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['Acute pulmonary thromboembolism']


abstract: The mechanism of cardio-inhibitory effects of @entity6743 ( @entity4420 ) was investigated by studying its effects on the contractility, action potentials (APs) and ultrastructure of @entity840 atrial preparations. @entity4420 (10(-7)-10(-4) M) caused reversible negative ino- (NIE) and chrono-tropy in spontaneously beating (SBA) and NIE in electrically driven left ( @entity71086 ) atria. At higher doses (greater than or equal to 1.10(-3) M) @entity4420 caused irreversible inhibition of contractions. @entity3897 (10(-7)-10(-4) M) failed to inhibit both the reversible and irreversible effects of @entity4420 . The NIE due to lower doses of @entity4420 (less than or equal to 1.10(-4) M) was inhibited by higher [ @entity141 ]0, @entity3044 (10(-6)-10(-4) M), and @entity1063 (10(-6)-10(-5) M), which did not alter the dose of @entity4420 required for the irreversible and complete NIE. In lower doses (10(-7)-10(-4) M) @entity4420 caused a reversible inhibition of the AP durations at -20 and -40 mV (APD20 and APD40, respectively), but increased the AP duration at 90% repolarisation (APD90). At higher doses (greater than 5.10(-4) M) it caused an irreversible membrane depolarization, reduction in APD20 and APD40, and complete cessation of electrical activity. The ultrastructural changes in atria treated with 1.10(-4) M @entity4420 were characterized by poorly delineated glycocalyx and at greater than 1.10(-3) M by disruption of sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum and swelling disruption of mitochondria. Taken together these observations show that @entity4420 caused reversible and irreversible inhibition of atrial contractions at low (10(-7)-10(-4) M) and high (greater than 5.10(-4) M) concentrations, respectively, by different mechanisms. The former effect is due to inhibition of @entity141 channel activity and the latter due to its detergent property causing @entity2483 .

title: Effects of @entity6743 on the mechanical and electrical activities and ultrastructure of XXXX atria.

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium deoxycholate']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['removal of subcellular components']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: The mechanism of cardio-inhibitory effects of @entity6743 ( @entity4420 ) was investigated by studying its effects on the contractility, action potentials (APs) and ultrastructure of @entity840 atrial preparations. @entity4420 (10(-7)-10(-4) M) caused reversible negative ino- (NIE) and chrono-tropy in spontaneously beating (SBA) and NIE in electrically driven left ( @entity71086 ) atria. At higher doses (greater than or equal to 1.10(-3) M) @entity4420 caused irreversible inhibition of contractions. @entity3897 (10(-7)-10(-4) M) failed to inhibit both the reversible and irreversible effects of @entity4420 . The NIE due to lower doses of @entity4420 (less than or equal to 1.10(-4) M) was inhibited by higher [ @entity141 ]0, @entity3044 (10(-6)-10(-4) M), and @entity1063 (10(-6)-10(-5) M), which did not alter the dose of @entity4420 required for the irreversible and complete NIE. In lower doses (10(-7)-10(-4) M) @entity4420 caused a reversible inhibition of the AP durations at -20 and -40 mV (APD20 and APD40, respectively), but increased the AP duration at 90% repolarisation (APD90). At higher doses (greater than 5.10(-4) M) it caused an irreversible membrane depolarization, reduction in APD20 and APD40, and complete cessation of electrical activity. The ultrastructural changes in atria treated with 1.10(-4) M @entity4420 were characterized by poorly delineated glycocalyx and at greater than 1.10(-3) M by disruption of sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum and swelling disruption of mitochondria. Taken together these observations show that @entity4420 caused reversible and irreversible inhibition of atrial contractions at low (10(-7)-10(-4) M) and high (greater than 5.10(-4) M) concentrations, respectively, by different mechanisms. The former effect is due to inhibition of @entity141 channel activity and the latter due to its detergent property causing @entity2483 .

title: Effects of XXXX on the mechanical and electrical activities and ultrastructure of @entity840 atria.

answer: @entity6743 :: (MESH:D003840,Chemical) :: ['sodium deoxycholate']


abstract: The use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter for massive @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) with cardiopulmonary instability has not been clinically studied. We present a case series of six such @entity1 who received an IVC filter with anticoagulation rather than thrombolysis because of high risk of @entity548 . @entity358 was considered, but was not possible for a variety of individual clinical situations. These six hospitalized @entity1 prospectively followed during their admission. They were triaged to three medical intensive care units (ICUs) and one surgical ICU in three university teaching hospitals. One @entity1 was transferred from another institution. All six @entity1 had severe @entity519 and tenuous cardiopulmonary status. All required high inspiratory @entity26 and hemodynamic support; two required mechanical ventilation and vasopressors. An IVC filter was placed emergently and anticoagulation was started immediately All six @entity1 had @entity358 (PTE) on anticoagulation while the IVC filter prevented further @entity1151 . All six @entity1 were discharged home in their pre-critical @entity221 state. None ofthe @entity1 suffered complications from this therapy and had excellent @entity891 . The IVC filter placement prevented further major @entity887 while the PTE resolved with anticoagulation. An IVC filter should be considered as an adjunct to anticoagulation therapy for those @entity1 with massive @entity1151 and cardiopulmonary instability who are not candidates for thrombolysis, and @entity358 is not readily available or is of very high risk.

title: The use of inferior vena cava filter as a treatment modality for massive XXXX . A case series and review of pathophysiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['resolution ofcardiopulmonary collapse']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pulmonary embolectomy', 'resolution of pulmonary thromboemboli', 'acute pulmonary embolectomy']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare cycle outcomes in similar populations of @entity1 over 40 who underwent blastocyst transfer compared with @entity1 who had day 3 embryo transfer with assisted hatching (ET/ @entity3798 ). DESIGN: Retrospective study. STTING: University hospital-based program. @entity1 (S): Eighty-six IVF cycles in @entity1 ages 40 to 43 years who had more than three eight-cell embryos on day 3. On day 3 of embryo culture, @entity1 chose either to undergo blastocyst transfer or day 3 ET/ @entity3798 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy and cryopreservation rates were recorded. RESULT(S): In 48 cycles, blastocyst transfer was performed, and in 38 cycles day 3 ET/ @entity3798 was performed. There was no statistically significant difference between the blastocyst transfer group and the day 3 ET/ @entity3798 group with respect to age (41.1 +/- 0.9 years vs. 41.6 +/- 0.8 years), percentage of intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles (29.2% vs. and 27.6%), number of oocytes (14.9 +/- 5.6 vs. 12.8 +/- 4.0), or number of eight-cell embryos (6.1 +/- 2.2 vs. 5.4 +/- 1.5). Significantly fewers embryos were transferred per cycle with blastocyst transfer (2.6 +/- 1.0) compared with day 3 ET/ @entity3798 (5.9 +/- 2.0). The viable pregnancy rate was similar in the blastocyst transfer group (29.2%) and in the day 3 ET/ @entity3798 group (26.3%). Embryos for cryopreservation were available in significantly more cycles in the blastocyst transfer group (52.1%) than in the day 3 ET/ @entity3798 group (21.1%). Cleavage stage arrest occurred only in one cycle. CONCLUSIONS: Blastocyst transfer appears to be as effective as day 3 ET/ @entity3798 in older @entity1 with good embryos. Higher cryopreservation rate in the blastocyst transfer group may represent an advantage over day 3 ET/ @entity3798 . Older @entity1 may also benefit from the information that extended culture provides them regarding their oocyte quality.

title: Comparison of blastocyst transfer to day 3 transfer with assisted hatching in the older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT', 'women']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity281 may be lethal, especially when life-threatening complications occur. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 184 @entity1 with @entity281 who were treated at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital during the past 6 years. Factors such as age, sex, hospitalization days, clinical presentations, involved spaces, imaging studies, microbiology, and treatment method were analyzed. There were 122 @entity1 and 62 @entity1 with a mean age of 41.7 years. The average hospitalization was 8.4 days. The involved spaces, determined by physical examination and radiologic findings, were the peritonsillar space (59 @entity1 ), parapharyngeal space (77 @entity1 ), submandibular space (55 @entity1 ), and retropharyngeal space (20 @entity1 ). Of the 49 @entity1 for whom the origin of @entity281 was identified, 29 were infected via the upper respiratory tract and 13 had @entity281 of odontogenic origin. The most common isolated organism was @entity3274 . One hundred and thirty-seven @entity1 (74.5%) underwent surgery, including repeated needle aspiration (87 @entity1 ) and surgical drainage (50 @entity1 ). The remaining 47 @entity1 recovered uneventfully with antibiotic therapy alone. Eighteen @entity1 developed life-threatening complications, such as descending @entity1764 , @entity295 , @entity1224 , and @entity715 . Two @entity1 died of @entity326 . The combination of accurate diagnosis, effective antibiotic therapy, airway maintenance, and intensive surgical debridement for those who fail to respond to conservative treatment will lead to a good prognosis.

title: Space XXXX of the head and neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep neck infection', 'infection', 'Deep neck infection']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['jugular vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of ultrasonographic measurement of cervical length for predicting the duration of the latency period from admission to delivery in @entity1 with preterm @entity4942 ( @entity4942 ). METHOD: Prospective study in 88 @entity1 with @entity13493 before 34 weeks of @entity2588 . The median gestational age at admission was of 30.1 weeks. The clinical management included: no digital examination of the uterine cervix, antenatal corticosteroids, antibiotics ( @entity115 _ @entity798 ) for 7 days, and hoding back until 34 weeks. Cervical length at admission was determined with transvaginal ultrasonography. The duration of the latency period was studied in relation with cervical length, serum @entity1851 (CRP) level and white blood cell (WBC) count at admission. RESULTS: The median latency period was longer in @entity1 with a cervical length > or = 25 mm (10 vs 5 days; p = 0.04), but this was not associated with a significant increase in birth weight. The median latency period was also longer in @entity1 with CRP < 20 mg/l (10 vs 3 days; p < 0.001) and this was associated with a significant increase in birth weight (1716 +/- 549 vs 1201 +/- 485 g; p < 0.01). Moreover, increased CRP levels were more frequent in @entity1 with a cervical length < 25 mm, and cervical length was no more predictive of the duration of the latency period in the subgroup of @entity1 with CRP < 20 mg/l and WBC < 20,000 cells/mm3. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity13493 , the latency period from admission to delivery is shorter when cervical length is < 25 mm. However, the clinical value of transvaginal ultrasonography is limited in comparison with serum CRP.

title: [Prediction of the latency period by cervical ultrasonography in XXXX before term].

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity4942 :: ('MESH:D005322', 'Disease') :: ['PROM', 'premature rupture of the membranes']

entities_list: @entity13493 :: ('MESH:C563032', 'Disease') :: ['preterm PROM']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity4942 :: (MESH:D005322,Disease) :: ['premature rupture of the membranes']


abstract: About 5 years ago it was widely thought that preterm @entity1 should be supplemented with extra @entity1372 to avoid @entity2753 . It has, however, to be pointed out that VLBW @entity1 during the first postnatal week run a risk of developing @entity3489 which makes it difficult to give general recommendations for @entity1372 supplementation. Since the serum @entity1372 level depends not only upon the balance between @entity1372 intake and @entity1372 excretion but also upon the water balance which may vary depending on the clinical condition of the baby, it seems advisable to monitor the serum @entity1372 level in all preterm @entity1 . Supplementation should be given in case of @entity2753 . In instances of @entity2753 it also has to be considered if the @entity1 due to positive fluid balance has retained fluid in excess of @entity1372 . As a general conclusion the importance of monitoring @entity1372 balance in every preterm @entity1 should be stressed. Disturbances are most likely to occur in VLBW @entity1 and in @entity1 with acute illnesses. The best way of assisting fluid balance is by repeated accurate measurements of the body weight. It should, however, be kept in ming that no reliable methods are available for the measurement of the body weight of a preterm @entity1 who is under intensive care and who cannot be taken out of the incubator. Serum @entity1372 levels may give information of the @entity1372 balance but it has to be stressed that fluid and @entity1372 balances are always interrelated and that it is desirable to have simultaneous estimations of both balances. Excess retention of fluid may be caused primarily by excess retention of @entity1372 or by fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Salt and fluid balance in newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3489 :: ('MESH:D006955', 'Disease') :: ['hypernatremia']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking is associated with increased plasma @entity1255 concentrations, @entity409 and arterial stiffening. @entity1255 per se induces @entity409 and arterial stiffening and might account, at least partly, for the vascular abnormalities observed in smokers. We sought to determine whether @entity1501 supplementation, by reducing plasma @entity1255 concentrations, enhanced endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness in smokers. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized controlled, parallel-group, trial. SETTING: Academic medical centre. SUBJECTS: A consecutive sample of 24 healthy cigarette smokers (age 37.8 +/- 2.5 years, mean +/- SEM). INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned to 4-week @entity1501 5 mg day-1 or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following were measured before and after treatment: (i) peripheral vasoreactivity (forearm arterial blood flow, FABF) during intra-arterial administration of endothelium-dependent ( @entity934 1.5, 4.5 and 15 microg min-1) and endothelium-independent ( @entity1854 1, 2 and 4 microg min-1) vasodilators; (ii) carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity ( @entity122 ); (iii) blood pressure (BP). RESULTS: @entity1501 reduced @entity1255 concentrations (10.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 8.2 +/- 0.5 micromol L-1, P < 0.001) and enhanced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation during each @entity934 infusion rate (ratio between the FABF in the infused and control arm during increasing infusion rates at baseline 1.09 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.09 after treatment, P < 0.01; 1.39 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.83 +/- 0.12, P < 0.01; 1.65 +/- 0.16 vs. 2.72 +/- 0.36, P < 0.05) whilst endothelium-independent vasodilatation was unaffected. A significant fall in BP was also observed (mean BP 88 +/- 2 vs. 83 +/- 1 mmHg, P < 0.01). By contrast, @entity122 did not significantly change (8.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 7.8 +/- 0.4 m s-1). No significant changes in plasma @entity1255 concentrations, FABF, BP, and @entity122 were observed in the placebo group. A multiple regression analysis showed that changes in @entity1501 plasma concentrations independently predicted both FABF changes during maximal @entity934 -mediated vasodilatation (P < 0.01) and BP changes (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity1501 supplementation significantly enhanced endothelial function and reduced BP in young chronic smokers. These effects were largely independent from the @entity1255 lowering effects. Thus, a simple, nontoxic, and relatively inexpensive @entity2221 intervention might be useful in primary cardiovascular prevention in this high-risk group.

title: XXXX enhances endothelial function and reduces blood pressure in smokers: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'Folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['Folic acid']


abstract: We performed a prospective, observational, cohort study on 208 surgical neonates and @entity1 between 1992 and 1997. Surveillance cultures of the oropharynx and rectum were obtained at the start of parenteral nutrition and thereafter twice weekly. Blood cultures were taken on clinical indication only. Microbial translocation was diagnosed when the micro-organisms in the blood were not distinguishable from those carried in the oropharynx and/or rectum. Liver function was monitored weekly and when @entity295 was suspected. The incidence of @entity295 was 15%. The predominant micro-organisms (86%) were the low-level pathogens, coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci. Potential pathogens, including aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, were responsible for the remainder. Microbial translocation was responsible for 84% of septicaemic episodes in 76% of @entity1 . The potential pathogens caused @entity295 significantly later than coagulase-negative staphylococci, at a time when liver function was significantly more impaired. In neonates and @entity1 receiving parenteral nutrition, @entity295 is mainly a gut-derived phenomenon and requires novel strategies for prevention.

title: Infection rates in surgical neonates and XXXX receiving parenteral nutrition: a five-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded in conscious, freely behaving @entity35 through a catheter in the tail artery during administration of @entity1854 or @entity2647 through a catheter in the jugular vein. The sympathetic and parasympathetic components were distinguished by treating the @entity35 with @entity2165 or @entity9966 . Reflex @entity1168 induced by all doses of @entity2647 was almost totally blocked blocked following @entity9966 treatment. Reflex @entity591 induced by small to moderate doses of @entity1854 was attenuated to an equal extent following @entity3897 or @entity2165 treatment. A similar experimental schedule was followed with a separate group of @entity35 to determine the effects of @entity4485 and @entity4774 anesthesia on the baroreceptor reflex. Both @entity4485 and @entity4774 equally attenuated the @entity591 response to a decrease in blood pressure. However, @entity4485 anesthesia resulted in a greater attenuation of the @entity1168 response to an increase in blood pressure than did @entity4774 anesthesia. These data support the conclusion that the parasympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for baroreceptor reflex-induced @entity1168 in conscious @entity35 . The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems contribute equally to control baroreceptor reflex-induced @entity591 except in extreme acute @entity551 when the @entity591 is predominantly due to the activation of sympathetic nerves. The findings of the second experiment indicate that @entity4485 and @entity4774 affect sympathetic systems differently.

title: Autonomic nervous system control of heart rate during baroreceptor activation in conscious and anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity9966 :: ('MESH:C006649', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-atropine']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Herpesvirus infection of the newborn is a rare though extremely grave disease that poses difficult problems for the obstetrician. It is nearly always due to @entity12881 during pregnancy though in more half the cases this was unsuspected by the mother. Prophylactic measures exist--disinfection of the genital tract, elective cesarean section, administration of antivirals and @entity1033 in particular. The main difficulty resides in making the correct decision and the excessive recourse to cesarean section should not be replaced by the unreasoned prescription of antivirals taking into account the current uncertainly about their real efficacy and their long-term effects after administration in early life. The risk of @entity12949 should therefore be evaluated from the clinical findings and 4 categories of @entity1 may be defined: those with the clinical manifestations of primary @entity12881 on delivery or during the month before; those with the clinical manifestations of recurrent @entity12881 on delivery or during the week before; those with only a previous @entity12881 and finally all other @entity1 with no clinical manifestations or @entity12881 . Only first two categories benefit from cesarean section and @entity1033 is only prescribed in exceptional cases as complementary therapy for the newborn @entity1 . In the third category, clinical and virological monitoring alone is required and is currently prescribed during the perinatal period as it is reasonable to stop the systematic weekly virological monitoring at the end of pregnancy when this has been shown to be inappropriate. However, it remains true that more than half the cases of @entity12949 arise in @entity1 in the fourth category. The only means of prevention that can be proposed is that they refrain from @entity458 during the last two months of pregnancy. According to our current knowledge, @entity1033 remains contraindicated during pregnancy except in exceptional cases when the mother's life is in danger.

title: [Herpes in the pregnant XXXX and the newborn @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['Acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity12949 :: ('MESH:C536395', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal herpes']

entities_list: @entity12881 :: ('MESH:D006558', 'Disease') :: ['genital herpes', 'history of genital herpes']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual or orogenital relationships']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: Herpesvirus infection of the newborn is a rare though extremely grave disease that poses difficult problems for the obstetrician. It is nearly always due to @entity12881 during pregnancy though in more half the cases this was unsuspected by the mother. Prophylactic measures exist--disinfection of the genital tract, elective cesarean section, administration of antivirals and @entity1033 in particular. The main difficulty resides in making the correct decision and the excessive recourse to cesarean section should not be replaced by the unreasoned prescription of antivirals taking into account the current uncertainly about their real efficacy and their long-term effects after administration in early life. The risk of @entity12949 should therefore be evaluated from the clinical findings and 4 categories of @entity1 may be defined: those with the clinical manifestations of primary @entity12881 on delivery or during the month before; those with the clinical manifestations of recurrent @entity12881 on delivery or during the week before; those with only a previous @entity12881 and finally all other @entity1 with no clinical manifestations or @entity12881 . Only first two categories benefit from cesarean section and @entity1033 is only prescribed in exceptional cases as complementary therapy for the newborn @entity1 . In the third category, clinical and virological monitoring alone is required and is currently prescribed during the perinatal period as it is reasonable to stop the systematic weekly virological monitoring at the end of pregnancy when this has been shown to be inappropriate. However, it remains true that more than half the cases of @entity12949 arise in @entity1 in the fourth category. The only means of prevention that can be proposed is that they refrain from @entity458 during the last two months of pregnancy. According to our current knowledge, @entity1033 remains contraindicated during pregnancy except in exceptional cases when the mother's life is in danger.

title: [Herpes in the pregnant @entity1 and the newborn XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: The source of @entity1063 (NE) in CSF has been unclear. It has been suggested that CSF NE indicates central neural noradrenergic tone and is determined differently from plasma NE. If CSF NE depended specifically on NE release in the CNS, then interference with ganglionic neurotransmission would be expected to decrease plasma NE but not CSF NE. @entity551 caused by ganglionic blockade might be expected to increase CSF NE reflexively. We infused the ganglion blocker, @entity13673 , intravenously into anesthetized @entity235 and measured the effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and on cisterna magna CSF levels of NE. The results were compared with those obtained on administration of saline, @entity1338 (2 micrograms/kg), @entity3160 (0.25 mg/kg), or @entity1854 and with those obtained when @entity551 during ganglion blockade was prevented by concurrent treatment with @entity2647 . @entity13673 decreased MAP by 40%, arterial NE by 64%, and CSF NE by 61%. @entity1854 administered intravenously to produce the same 40% depressor response increased arterial NE by 612% and CSF NE by 155%. Prevention of ganglion blockade-induced @entity551 using @entity2647 did not prevent the decrease in CSF NE caused by @entity13673 , and when @entity2647 was discontinued, the resulting @entity551 was not associated with increases in CSF NE. The similar decreases in plasma NE and CSF NE during ganglionic blockade, and the abolition of reflexive increases in CSF NE during @entity551 in ganglion-blocked subjects, cast doubt on the hypothesis that CSF NE indicates central noradrenergic tone and are consistent instead with at least partial derivation of CSF NE from postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings.

title: Effect of ganglion blockade on cerebrospinal fluid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroprusside', 'nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity13673 :: ('MESH:D014294', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimethaphan', 'trimethaphan']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: The present studies have defined the developmental time course and distribution patterns of serotonergic fibers in the main olfactory bulb (MOB) using immunocytochemistry, anterograde tracing and image analysis. The results indicate that the deployment of serotonergic fibers to the main olfactory bulb is essentially a postnatal event in the @entity35 . During the first 4 d after birth, @entity750 fibers infiltrate and begin to arborize in the MOB. The density of fibers in each layer is sparse during this period, but increases rapidly. By postnatal day 8 all layers are much more heavily innervated by @entity750 fibers. The surge of fiber growth into all layers is rapid; the fibers arborize earlier at caudal than at rostral levels. This may be related to the increased metabolic activity that is reported to occur selectively in the caudal parts of the immature olfactory bulb. After the second postnatal week, @entity750 fiber density increases much more gradually in all layers except the glomerular layer; in the glomerular layer, @entity750 fiber density continues to increase rapidly. It is also during this time that the olfactory bulb begins to grow substantially in volume. Bulb volume increases from the second week into adulthood (greater than 60 d); during the same period, the density of @entity750 remains relatively constant in the infraglomerular layers. Thus, from the second week onward, the growth of @entity750 fibers appears to be closely linked to the increasing volumes of these layers. The density of @entity750 fibers in the glomerular layer, however, continues to increase from the second postnatal week. Thus, the density of fibers in the glomerular layer increases more than the increase in glomerular size, indicating that the glomerular @entity750 fibers are proliferating more than could be accounted for by simple glomerular expansion. In the adult, @entity750 fibers are 2-3 times denser in the glomerular than the infraglomerular layers (McLean and Shipley, 1987). This preferential innervation of glomeruli may be the result of a protracted period of arborization by glomerular versus infraglomerular fibers. This could be due to the prolonged focal release of a trophic factor by glomerular-associated neurons or to the earlier production of an inhibitory factor by infraglomerular neurons.

title: Serotonergic afferents to the XXXX olfactory bulb: II. Changes in fiber distribution during development.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity2388 dehydrogenase complex (PDHC; EC 1.2.4.1, EC 2.3.1.12 and EC 1.6.4.3) includes 3 catalytically active mitochondrial enzymes involved in the formation of cellular energy through the @entity6626 cycle and in the synthesis of @entity1617 . We sought to determine whether immunocytochemically detected PDHC was enriched in neurons of the @entity35 CNS, and, if so, whether the perikarya containing higher levels of PDHC immunoreactivity were differentially distributed with respect to their size or location within nuclear groups containing @entity1617 , @entity2661 or other unidentified transmitters. Under the labeling conditions used in this study, the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoreaction product for PDHC was detectable principally in neuronal perikarya. The intensity of immunoreactivity within perikarya was variable as judged visually and by cellular, computer-assisted densitometry. In the forebrain, the most intensely labeled perikarya were seen in the medial septal nuclei, the nuclei of the diagonal band, the nuclei basalis, the dorsal and ventral striatum, and the entorhinal cortex. More caudally, intense immunoreactivity was detected in perikarya in the supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, reticular thalamic nuclei, lateral substantia nigra, most of the tegmental nuclei, lateral nuclei of the trapezoid body, raphe pontis and obscuris, and the caudal part of the lateral reticular nuclei. In addition, many of the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, including the dorsal motor nuclei of the vagus and the hypoglossal nuclei, and the nucleus ambiguus contained perikarya with intense PDHC labeling. Densitometry revealed no differences in intensity of immunoreactivity in soma of varying sizes. However, the intensity of neuronal labeling for PDHC was significantly greater in several nuclear groups that were shown in adjacent sections to contain cholinergic, but not catecholaminergic, enzymes. In contrast, the primary olfactory cortex, pyramidal cell layer of the regio inferior of hippocampus, and the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum were regions having perikarya with intense PDHC immunoreactivity but lacking both the synthetic and the degradative enzymes for @entity1617 . These results provide the first morphological evidence that PDHC, a general metabolic enzyme complex, is enriched in selective perikarya that are heterogeneously distributed in brain and are especially abundant in many of the regions containing cholinergic neurons. The heterogeneity of PDHC immunoreactivity suggests that certain cholinergic as well as noncholinergic nuclei may be selectively vulnerable to mitochondrial diseases involving @entity2388 utilization.

title: Light microscopic immunocytochemical localization of XXXX dehydrogenase complex in @entity35 brain: topographical distribution and relation to cholinergic and catecholaminergic nuclei.

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyruvate', 'pyruvate']

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['pyruvate']


abstract: @entity2388 dehydrogenase complex (PDHC; EC 1.2.4.1, EC 2.3.1.12 and EC 1.6.4.3) includes 3 catalytically active mitochondrial enzymes involved in the formation of cellular energy through the @entity6626 cycle and in the synthesis of @entity1617 . We sought to determine whether immunocytochemically detected PDHC was enriched in neurons of the @entity35 CNS, and, if so, whether the perikarya containing higher levels of PDHC immunoreactivity were differentially distributed with respect to their size or location within nuclear groups containing @entity1617 , @entity2661 or other unidentified transmitters. Under the labeling conditions used in this study, the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoreaction product for PDHC was detectable principally in neuronal perikarya. The intensity of immunoreactivity within perikarya was variable as judged visually and by cellular, computer-assisted densitometry. In the forebrain, the most intensely labeled perikarya were seen in the medial septal nuclei, the nuclei of the diagonal band, the nuclei basalis, the dorsal and ventral striatum, and the entorhinal cortex. More caudally, intense immunoreactivity was detected in perikarya in the supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, reticular thalamic nuclei, lateral substantia nigra, most of the tegmental nuclei, lateral nuclei of the trapezoid body, raphe pontis and obscuris, and the caudal part of the lateral reticular nuclei. In addition, many of the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, including the dorsal motor nuclei of the vagus and the hypoglossal nuclei, and the nucleus ambiguus contained perikarya with intense PDHC labeling. Densitometry revealed no differences in intensity of immunoreactivity in soma of varying sizes. However, the intensity of neuronal labeling for PDHC was significantly greater in several nuclear groups that were shown in adjacent sections to contain cholinergic, but not catecholaminergic, enzymes. In contrast, the primary olfactory cortex, pyramidal cell layer of the regio inferior of hippocampus, and the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum were regions having perikarya with intense PDHC immunoreactivity but lacking both the synthetic and the degradative enzymes for @entity1617 . These results provide the first morphological evidence that PDHC, a general metabolic enzyme complex, is enriched in selective perikarya that are heterogeneously distributed in brain and are especially abundant in many of the regions containing cholinergic neurons. The heterogeneity of PDHC immunoreactivity suggests that certain cholinergic as well as noncholinergic nuclei may be selectively vulnerable to mitochondrial diseases involving @entity2388 utilization.

title: Light microscopic immunocytochemical localization of @entity2388 dehydrogenase complex in XXXX brain: topographical distribution and relation to cholinergic and catecholaminergic nuclei.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Thirteen cases of @entity8482 without evidence of @entity2057 , @entity3986 , or structural @entity121 were reviewed. Family history, consanguinity, pregnancy, delivery, number and severity of @entity1159 , and outcome were evaluated. Laboratory investigations had been performed and a biopsy of muscle from an affected limb had been examined histochemically and by electron microscopy. Five biopsies showed fiber type 1 predominance and three had type 2 predominance. Patterns of fiber-type predominance may have resulted from altered neural influence leading to impaired maturation of type 1 or 2 motor units. Nine @entity1 had been followed up for 3-8 years. Two were still not walking at age 8 years. For the 6 who were walking, the mean age at ambulation was 4.7 years. There was no deterioration in power. Muscle biopsy is recommended in @entity8482 . Identification of a probable @entity14629 is important because the condition is not progressive and is apparently not transmitted genetically.

title: XXXX : clinical and muscle biopsy findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14629 :: ('MESH:C536614', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic arthrogryposis multiplex congenita']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['arthrogryposis multiplex congenita']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['congenital muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity14629 :: (MESH:C536614,Disease) :: ['Neurogenic arthrogryposis multiplex congenita']


abstract: Body temperature is a regulatory function of the hypothalamus. Recently, DeMet et al. (Society for Neuroscience Abstracts Vol 12, 1986) reported that @entity3826 stimulation of @entity935 autoreceptors caused a significant decrease in metabolic rate in the posterior heat-conserving area of the hypothalamus. The logical hypothesis to follow is that @entity3826 administration should induce a decrement in body temperature; this in fact was demonstrated by Cutler et al. (Commun Psychopharmacol 3:375-382, 1979) in @entity1 . It is well known that neuroleptics also disrupt thermoregulation (Clark: Neurosci Biobehav @entity47666 :179-231, 1979) and affect @entity935 autoreceptors. Therefore, eight chronic treatment-resistant schizophrenics underwent a 6-week single-blind trial of @entity1767 and then a subsequent 6-week double-blind trial of @entity1088 . Both @entity1767 and @entity1088 significantly lowered oral body temperatures relative to baseline washout temperatures. More interestingly, @entity1088 relative to @entity1767 was found to induce a greater decrement in body temperature and was associated with greater clinical improvement. Possible confounding variables are discussed, as is the possible neurochemical basis for the amelioration of @entity716 associated with @entity2332 .

title: Neuroleptic-induced @entity2332 associated with amelioration of XXXX in schizophrenia.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: Body temperature is a regulatory function of the hypothalamus. Recently, DeMet et al. (Society for Neuroscience Abstracts Vol 12, 1986) reported that @entity3826 stimulation of @entity935 autoreceptors caused a significant decrease in metabolic rate in the posterior heat-conserving area of the hypothalamus. The logical hypothesis to follow is that @entity3826 administration should induce a decrement in body temperature; this in fact was demonstrated by Cutler et al. (Commun Psychopharmacol 3:375-382, 1979) in @entity1 . It is well known that neuroleptics also disrupt thermoregulation (Clark: Neurosci Biobehav @entity47666 :179-231, 1979) and affect @entity935 autoreceptors. Therefore, eight chronic treatment-resistant schizophrenics underwent a 6-week single-blind trial of @entity1767 and then a subsequent 6-week double-blind trial of @entity1088 . Both @entity1767 and @entity1088 significantly lowered oral body temperatures relative to baseline washout temperatures. More interestingly, @entity1088 relative to @entity1767 was found to induce a greater decrement in body temperature and was associated with greater clinical improvement. Possible confounding variables are discussed, as is the possible neurochemical basis for the amelioration of @entity716 associated with @entity2332 .

title: Neuroleptic-induced XXXX associated with amelioration of @entity716 in schizophrenia.

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: From April 1981 to November 1987, 347 @entity1 with either @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ; 262 cases, 75.5%) or heavy @entity644 (85 cases, 24.5%) were studied to determine the clinicopathologic manifestation of these diseases among Taiwanese @entity1 . All of the @entity1 were less than 18 years of age and all had undergone renal biopsy. IgM mesangial @entity8 (IgMN; 93 cases, 26.9%) and minimal change @entity1985 (MCNS; 62 cases, 17.8%) are the most frequently found pathologic lesions. The clinical course of MCNS is always responsive to @entity230 and less relapsive. However, IgMN is characterized by its good initial response to @entity230 and frequent relapses. As for secondary @entity631 , @entity1988 has the first position and comprises 18.4% (64 cases) of all cases. @entity8 associated with @entity1956 antigenemia (HBVMN; 34 cases, 9.8%) has the second position. Most cases of @entity8 in @entity1 in Taiwan are HBVMN. The age of peak incidence is around 2-7 years old. Most of them had frequent relapses of @entity1985 or persistent heavy @entity644 . @entity631 ( @entity631 ) accounts for only 1.2% (4 cases) of all cases, relatively lower than reported elsewhere. The high incidence of IgMN, HBVMN and low incidence of @entity631 are probably due to geographic or racial differences in Taiwan with respect to those in other countries.

title: Childhood XXXX and heavy @entity644 in Taiwan. A retrospective clinicopathologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'Membranous nephropathy', 'membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['MPGN', 'glomerulonephritis', 'Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: From April 1981 to November 1987, 347 @entity1 with either @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ; 262 cases, 75.5%) or heavy @entity644 (85 cases, 24.5%) were studied to determine the clinicopathologic manifestation of these diseases among Taiwanese @entity1 . All of the @entity1 were less than 18 years of age and all had undergone renal biopsy. IgM mesangial @entity8 (IgMN; 93 cases, 26.9%) and minimal change @entity1985 (MCNS; 62 cases, 17.8%) are the most frequently found pathologic lesions. The clinical course of MCNS is always responsive to @entity230 and less relapsive. However, IgMN is characterized by its good initial response to @entity230 and frequent relapses. As for secondary @entity631 , @entity1988 has the first position and comprises 18.4% (64 cases) of all cases. @entity8 associated with @entity1956 antigenemia (HBVMN; 34 cases, 9.8%) has the second position. Most cases of @entity8 in @entity1 in Taiwan are HBVMN. The age of peak incidence is around 2-7 years old. Most of them had frequent relapses of @entity1985 or persistent heavy @entity644 . @entity631 ( @entity631 ) accounts for only 1.2% (4 cases) of all cases, relatively lower than reported elsewhere. The high incidence of IgMN, HBVMN and low incidence of @entity631 are probably due to geographic or racial differences in Taiwan with respect to those in other countries.

title: Childhood @entity1985 and heavy XXXX in Taiwan. A retrospective clinicopathologic study.

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: During a 2-year period, 248 consecutive @entity1 were admitted with multiple @entity130 . Acute @entity6676 was documented in 67 (27%) @entity1 by review of all admission roentgenograms. There were 51 (76%) males and 16 females. Ages ranged from 2 to 80 years (mean, 29.2 years). The incidence of acute @entity6676 in @entity1 was 44% vs. 25% for adults (p less than 0.05). The mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accident in 45 (67%), agricultural accident in 8 (12%), fall in four (6%), bicycle accident in four (6%), and miscellaneous in six (9%). There were 38 orthopedic, 35 craniocerebral, 34 abdominal, 31 thoracic, 27 maxillofacial, and 14 @entity3510 . Injury Severity Scores ranged from 4 to 66 (mean, 23.5). Thirteen (19%) @entity1 presented in shock and there were four (6%) hospital deaths. No @entity204 was attributable to @entity6676 . Nasogastric tubes were placed in 41 (61%) @entity1 and 26 were managed without tube placement. Complications associated with acute @entity6676 included @entity358 in three (4%) @entity1 , @entity360 in three (4%), @entity344 in one (1%), and prolonged ileus in 12 (18%). In addition, @entity6676 rendered abdominal examination difficult and delayed peritoneal lavage. Acute @entity6676 after @entity130 is frequent in our rural @entity130 center. Early placement of a nasogastric tube in the absence of a clear contraindication is strongly supported in the management of multiply injured @entity1 .

title: Acute XXXX after @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal perforation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspiration']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastric hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6676 :: ('MESH:D013271', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dilatation']

answer: @entity6676 :: (MESH:D013271,Disease) :: ['gastric dilatation']


abstract: During a 2-year period, 248 consecutive @entity1 were admitted with multiple @entity130 . Acute @entity6676 was documented in 67 (27%) @entity1 by review of all admission roentgenograms. There were 51 (76%) males and 16 females. Ages ranged from 2 to 80 years (mean, 29.2 years). The incidence of acute @entity6676 in @entity1 was 44% vs. 25% for adults (p less than 0.05). The mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accident in 45 (67%), agricultural accident in 8 (12%), fall in four (6%), bicycle accident in four (6%), and miscellaneous in six (9%). There were 38 orthopedic, 35 craniocerebral, 34 abdominal, 31 thoracic, 27 maxillofacial, and 14 @entity3510 . Injury Severity Scores ranged from 4 to 66 (mean, 23.5). Thirteen (19%) @entity1 presented in shock and there were four (6%) hospital deaths. No @entity204 was attributable to @entity6676 . Nasogastric tubes were placed in 41 (61%) @entity1 and 26 were managed without tube placement. Complications associated with acute @entity6676 included @entity358 in three (4%) @entity1 , @entity360 in three (4%), @entity344 in one (1%), and prolonged ileus in 12 (18%). In addition, @entity6676 rendered abdominal examination difficult and delayed peritoneal lavage. Acute @entity6676 after @entity130 is frequent in our rural @entity130 center. Early placement of a nasogastric tube in the absence of a clear contraindication is strongly supported in the management of multiply injured @entity1 .

title: Acute @entity6676 after XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The outcome of long-term vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was evaluated in 13 Japanese @entity1 with @entity302 , all followed up for more than 4 years (48-91 months, median 56 months). VNS achieved a long-lasting and cumulative @entity410 -control effect in nine of 13 @entity1 . The mean reduction of @entity410 frequency in the 1st to 4th year was 28%, 47%, 54%, and 63%, respectively. The percentage of @entity1 with >60% @entity410 reduction in the 1st to 4th year was 15%, 46%, 54%, and 69%, respectively. One @entity1 did not respond to the treatment at all. No @entity1 became completely free from @entity410 or free from medication, but the number and/or dosage of antiepileptic drugs was reduced in five @entity1 . Ten @entity1 underwent exchange of the generator and continued treatment, and two @entity1 underwent removal of the generator because of the unsatisfactory result. VNS controlled more disabling @entity410 earlier and more efficiently than less disabling @entity410 in seven @entity1 . The cumulative reduction of @entity410 was partly associated with changes in the device setting toward increased stimulation. These effects were similar in @entity1 with or without previous resective surgery. Long-term VNS therapy achieved a favorable outcome in a significant proportion of @entity1 with @entity302 .

title: Outcome of long-term vagus nerve stimulation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['intractable epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['intractable epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to review the outcome of reoperation for severe @entity997 after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. METHODS: Between 1972 and 2000, 12 @entity1 underwent reoperation on the tricuspid valve after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot. The mean age at the time of reoperation was 17 years (range, 1 to 39 years). The mean interval between the initial correction and the reoperation was 7.8 years (range, 10 days to 19 years). The functional class was New York Heart Association class II in 2 @entity1 and class III or IV in 10. Six @entity1 underwent tricuspid valve repair, and the others underwent tricuspid valve replacement. RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 16.7% (2/12). Three @entity1 (30%, 3/10) required a second reoperation 1.6, 9.2, and 15.6 years after the most recent reoperation with no deaths. The reasons for second reoperation were failure of the tricuspid valve repair in two and a thrombosed valve in one. There were two late deaths. Mean overall event-free actuarial survival at 10 years was 46.3%. CONCLUSION: Reoperation for severe @entity997 after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot was associated with a high operative mortality and disappointing long-term results. @entity997 after corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot must be diagnosed promptly and cured, as tolerance is poor because of postoperative @entity1887 .

title: Reoperation for XXXX after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation', 'Tricuspid regurgitation']

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']


abstract: We report a case of acute type A dissection with @entity63 due to blood flow insufficiency in the superior mesenteric artery. A 67 year-old @entity1 , with medicated @entity741 and @entity101 , presented to another hospital with @entity662 radiating to the back and epigastrium. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a type A dissecting @entity439 , that extended from the ascending aorta to the left common iliac artery, with a 50-mm diameter in the ascending aorta. @entity8 arose from the false lumen, and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was compressed by the thrombosed false lumen. Symptoms of acute @entity5327 clearly developed. Then, a large amount of tarry stool ( @entity476 ) was discharged. First, an emergency saphenous vein bypass was performed from the common iliac artery to the superior mesenteric artery at the orifice of the ileocolic artery where it was free from dissection. Then total arch replacement was performed using cardiopulmonary bypass. The @entity1 's postoperative course was uneventful, and the abdominal symptoms completely disappeared. This case demonstrates that prompt surgical relief of @entity63 in major organs is important to save lives in the cases of @entity697 with @entity63 complications.

title: Successful management in the case of XXXX complicated with acute type a dissection.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Celiac trunk and left renal artery']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic enterocolitis', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: @entity4509 (AMK) was intravenously administered to pediatric surgical @entity1 , and its pharmacokinetics was studied. The results obtained are summarized as follow: 1. The serum levels following administration were similar to those which had been reported by others. Urinary excretion was excellent. 2. The concentration of AMK in @entity1143 of a postoperative premature baby was an effective level higher than MIC's to target organisms. 3. Bile levels of AMK were the highest soon after surgery on @entity1 with @entity2876 , these declined as time passed. The high levels obtained were in the effective range where the levels were higher than MIC's against organisms isolated from bile of @entity1 with biliary tract infections. @entity644 were good in cases with @entity1681 . 4. Biliary and urinary excretion rates were well correlated.

title: [Pharmacokinetics of XXXX in the pediatric surgical field].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary excretions']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['Amikacin']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['good hepato-enteric circulation']

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['amikacin']


abstract: Forty four @entity1 with @entity3254 or @entity1907 complicated by @entity5641 were examined. The examination was made before or in the first days after antituberculous chemotherapy. Along with routine methods used to examine @entity1 with @entity378 , a complex study of external respiration function involved spirometry, air flow/volume on forced expiration, body plethismography, esophageal probing of respiratory mechanics. Analysis indicated that RD was significantly more frequently observed in @entity3254 concurrent with infiltrative @entity378 (81%) than in the former alone (50%). Restrictive disorders were diagnosed significantly more commonly in encysted @entity5641 than in free one. Obstruction was significantly more frequently encountered in tuberculous changes in the lung (80%) than in @entity5641 alone (46%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant contingency of the incidence and severity of @entity74 and @entity2488 , which is likely to suggest of the common tuberculous nature of these ventilatory disturbances. The dynamic and static compliance of the lung significantly decreased as the severity of restriction increased. The spirometric indices, such as total lung capacity (TLC) and forced expiratory volume (FEVI), and the indices of dynamic and static compliance of the lung (Cdyn, Cst) (the correlation coefficient (r) with the degree of @entity74 was -0.78, -0.76, -0.48, and -0.45, respectively; p < 0.05) are of the greatest informative value in evaluating @entity74 . At the same time, the severity of obstructing lesions correlated with the air flow indices IVS25, IVS50, IVS75, and the Tiffeneau index (r = -0.74, -0.82, -0.81, and -0.75, respectively; p < 0.05).

title: [Clinical and functional comparisons in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3254 :: ('MESH:D014396', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pleurisy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive disorders']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3254 :: (MESH:D014396,Disease) :: ['tuberculous pleurisy']


abstract: Forty four @entity1 with @entity3254 or @entity1907 complicated by @entity5641 were examined. The examination was made before or in the first days after antituberculous chemotherapy. Along with routine methods used to examine @entity1 with @entity378 , a complex study of external respiration function involved spirometry, air flow/volume on forced expiration, body plethismography, esophageal probing of respiratory mechanics. Analysis indicated that RD was significantly more frequently observed in @entity3254 concurrent with infiltrative @entity378 (81%) than in the former alone (50%). Restrictive disorders were diagnosed significantly more commonly in encysted @entity5641 than in free one. Obstruction was significantly more frequently encountered in tuberculous changes in the lung (80%) than in @entity5641 alone (46%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant contingency of the incidence and severity of @entity74 and @entity2488 , which is likely to suggest of the common tuberculous nature of these ventilatory disturbances. The dynamic and static compliance of the lung significantly decreased as the severity of restriction increased. The spirometric indices, such as total lung capacity (TLC) and forced expiratory volume (FEVI), and the indices of dynamic and static compliance of the lung (Cdyn, Cst) (the correlation coefficient (r) with the degree of @entity74 was -0.78, -0.76, -0.48, and -0.45, respectively; p < 0.05) are of the greatest informative value in evaluating @entity74 . At the same time, the severity of obstructing lesions correlated with the air flow indices IVS25, IVS50, IVS75, and the Tiffeneau index (r = -0.74, -0.82, -0.81, and -0.75, respectively; p < 0.05).

title: [Clinical and functional comparisons in XXXX with @entity3254 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have studied the efficacy of intrathecal ACNU against experimental @entity5 . In the present report, the effect of ACNU on the growth kinetics of the @entity5 was evaluated by the immunohistochemical technique using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody. The experimental @entity5 was developed by inoculation of Walker 256 @entity6962 cells into the cisterna magna of @entity35 . Seven days after the inoculation of @entity5 cells, the animals were treated either by intravenous (15 mg/kg) or intrathecal (1.5 mg/kg) ACNU. Four, 12, 24, 48, 96 or 144 hours after treatment, the animals received intravenous @entity1603 (200 mg/kg). Thirty minutes thereafter, they were sacrificed and the brain was removed. L. I. was calculated by counting the immunoreactive @entity5 cells. L. I. of the @entity5 without treatment on the seventh day after inoculation was over 40%. L. I. began to decrease 24 hours after intravenous ACNU, and remained 11% up to 96 hours. On the other hand, L. I. already decreased to 20% 4 hours after intrathecal ACNU and remained to be low (17%) up to 48 hours. However, L. I. increased to 38% at 96 hours. Thus, the effect on the growth kinetics of the @entity5 differs between intravenous and intrathecal ACNU. These results are considered to be useful informations for determining the optimal dosage of the antineoplastic agent against the @entity1313 and developing the effective combination chemotherapy.

title: [Effect of ACNU against experimental XXXX --immunohistochemical study using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody].

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'leptomeningeal tumor', 'leptomeningeal tumors']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']