abstract: BACKGROUND: Copy number alterations (CNA) play a key role in @entity5 development and progression. Since more than one CNA can be detected in most @entity5 , frequently co-occurring genetic CNA may point to cooperating @entity5 related genes. Existing methods for co-occurrence evaluation so far have not considered the overall heterogeneity of CNA per @entity5 , resulting in a preferential detection of frequent changes with limited specificity for each association due to the high genetic instability of many samples. METHOD: We hypothesize that in @entity5 some linkage-independent CNA may display a non-random co-occurrence, and that these CNA could be of pathogenetic relevance for the respective @entity5 . We also hypothesize that the statistical relevance of co-occurring CNA may depend on the sample specific CNA complexity. We verify our hypotheses with a simulation based algorithm CDCOCA (complexity dependence of co-occurring @entity2008 ). RESULTS: Application of CDCOCA to example data sets identified co-occurring CNA from low complex background which otherwise went unnoticed. Identification of @entity5 associated genes in these co-occurring changes can provide insights of cooperative genes involved in oncogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a method to detect associations of regional copy number abnormalities in @entity5 data. Along with finding statistically relevant CNA co-occurrences, our algorithm points towards a generally low specificity for co-occurrence of regional imbalances in CNA rich samples, which may have negative impact on pathway modeling approaches relying on frequent CNA events.

title: CDCOCA: a statistical method to define complexity dependence of co-occuring XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal aberrations']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['chromosomal aberrations']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: What are the diagnostic yield and accuracy of early computed tomography (CT) angiography followed by magnetic resonance imaging/angiography (MRI/MRA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in @entity1 with non-traumatic @entity1779 ? METHODS: This prospective diagnostic study enrolled 298 adults (18-70 years) treated in 22 hospitals in the Netherlands over six years. CT angiography was performed within seven days of @entity548 . If the result was negative, MRI/MRA was performed four to eight weeks later. DSA was performed when the CT angiography or MRI/MRA results were inconclusive or negative. The main outcome was a macrovascular cause, including @entity2758 , @entity439 , @entity2457 , and cavernoma. Three blinded neuroradiologists independently evaluated the images for macrovascular causes of @entity548 . The reference standard was the best available evidence from all findings during one year's follow-up. STUDY ANSWER AND LIMITATIONS: A macrovascular cause was identified in 69 @entity1 (23%). 291 @entity1 (98%) underwent CT angiography; 214 with a negative result underwent additional MRI/MRA and 97 with a negative result for both CT angiography and MRI/MRA underwent DSA. Early CT angiography detected 51 macrovascular causes (yield 17%, 95% confidence interval 13% to 22%). CT angiography with MRI/MRA identified two additional macrovascular causes (18%, 14% to 23%) and these modalities combined with DSA another 15 (23%, 18% to 28%). This last extensive strategy failed to detect a cavernoma, which was identified on MRI during follow-up (reference strategy). The positive predictive value of CT angiography was 72% (60% to 82%), of additional MRI/MRA was 35% (14% to 62%), and of additional DSA was 100% (75% to 100%). None of the @entity1 experienced complications with CT angiography or MRI/MRA; 0.6% of @entity1 who underwent DSA experienced permanent sequelae. Not all @entity1 with negative CT angiography and MRI/MRA results underwent DSA. Although the previous probability of finding a macrovascular cause was lower in @entity1 who did not undergo DSA, some small @entity2758 or @entity2457 may have been missed. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: CT angiography is an appropriate initial investigation to detect macrovascular causes of non-traumatic @entity1779 , but accuracy is modest. Additional MRI/MRA may find cavernomas or alternative diagnoses, but DSA is needed to diagnose macrovascular causes undetected by CT angiography or MRI/MRA. FUNDING, COMPETING INTERESTS, DATA SHARING: Dutch Heart Foundation and The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, ZonMw. The authors have no competing interests. Direct requests for additional data to the corresponding author.

title: Diagnostic yield and accuracy of CT angiography, MR angiography, and digital subtraction angiography for detection of macrovascular causes of XXXX : prospective, multicentre cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation', 'arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'dural arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral haemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The technique of electroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG  NF) emerged in the 1970s and is a technique that measures a subject's EEG signal, processes it in real time, extracts a parameter of interest and presents this information in visual or auditory form. The goal is to effectuate a behavioural modification by modulating brain activity. The EEG  NF opens new therapeutic possibilities in the fields of psychiatry and neurology. However, the development of EEG  NF in clinical practice requires (i) a good level of evidence of therapeutic efficacy of this technique, (ii) a good practice guide for this technique. Firstly, this article investigates selected trials with the following criteria: study design with controlled, randomized, and open or blind protocol, primary endpoint related to the @entity75 treated and assessed with standardized measurement tools, identifiable EEG neurophysiological targets, underpinned by pathophysiological relevance. Trials were found for: @entity302 , @entity2704 , @entity64 , chronic @entity22 , @entity71 ( @entity71 ), @entity72 , major @entity308 , @entity148 , addictive disorders, @entity914 . Secondly, this article investigates the principles of neurofeedback therapy in line with learning theory. Different underlying therapeutic models are presented didactically between two continua: a continuum between implicit and explicit learning and a continuum between the biomedical model (centred on "the disease") and integrative biopsychosocial model of health (centred on "the illness"). The main relevant learning model is to link neurofeedback therapy with the field of cognitive remediation techniques. The methodological specificity of neurofeedback is to be guided by biologically relevant neurophysiological parameters. Guidelines for good clinical practice of EEG  NF concerning technical issues of electrophysiology and of learning are suggested. These require validation by institutional structures for the clinical practice of EEG  NF.

title: Electroencephalographic neurofeedback: Level of evidence in XXXX and suggestions for good clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['mental and brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attentional-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['mental and brain disorders']


abstract: Fibrosing @entity1764 is caused by a proliferation of fibrous tissue in the mediastinum with encasement of mediastinal viscera and compression of mediastinal bronchovascular structures. @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is a severe complication of fibrosing @entity1764 caused by extrinsic compression of the pulmonary arteries and/or veins.We have conducted a retrospective observational study reviewing clinical, functional, hemodynamic, radiological characteristics, and outcome of 27 consecutive cases of @entity120 associated with fibrosing @entity1764 diagnosed between 2003 and 2014 at the French Referral Centre for @entity120 .Fourteen @entity1 and 13 @entity1 with a median age of 60 years (range 18-84) had @entity120 confirmed on right heart catheterization. The causes of fibrosing @entity1764 were @entity370 (n=13), @entity378 confirmed or suspected (n=9), mediastinal irradiation (n=2), and idiopathic (n=3). Sixteen @entity1 (59%) were in NYHA functional class III and IV. Right heart catheterization confirmed moderate to severe @entity120 with a median mean pulmonary artery pressure of 42 mm Hg (range 27-90) and a median cardiac index of 2.8 L/min/m (range 1.6-4.3). Precapillary @entity120 was found in 22 @entity1 , postcapillary @entity120 in 2, and combined postcapillary and precapillary @entity120 in 3. Severe extrinsic compression of pulmonary arteries (>60% reduction in diameter) was evidenced in 2, 8, and 12 @entity1 at the main, lobar, or segmental levels, respectively. Fourteen @entity1 had at least one severe @entity358 with associated @entity1143 in 6 of them. @entity2556 therapy was initiated in 7 @entity1 and corticosteroid therapy (0.5-1mg/kg/day) was initiated in 3 @entity1 with @entity370 , with 9 other being already on low-dose @entity288 . At 1-year follow-up, 3 @entity1 had died and among the 21 @entity1 evaluated, 3 deteriorated, 14 were stable, and only 4 @entity1 with @entity370 improved (4 receiving corticosteroids and 1 receiving corticosteroids and @entity2556 therapy). Survival was 88%, 73%, and 56% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively.We found no clear clinical improvement with the use of specific @entity2556 therapy. @entity228 therapy may be associated with clinical improvement, in some @entity1 with fibrosing @entity1764 due to @entity370 . Although never performed for this indication, lung transplantation may be proposed in eligible @entity1 with severe @entity120 and fibrosing @entity1764 .

title: XXXX Complicating Fibrosing @entity1764 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous compression']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis-infection']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Hypertension']


abstract: Fibrosing @entity1764 is caused by a proliferation of fibrous tissue in the mediastinum with encasement of mediastinal viscera and compression of mediastinal bronchovascular structures. @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is a severe complication of fibrosing @entity1764 caused by extrinsic compression of the pulmonary arteries and/or veins.We have conducted a retrospective observational study reviewing clinical, functional, hemodynamic, radiological characteristics, and outcome of 27 consecutive cases of @entity120 associated with fibrosing @entity1764 diagnosed between 2003 and 2014 at the French Referral Centre for @entity120 .Fourteen @entity1 and 13 @entity1 with a median age of 60 years (range 18-84) had @entity120 confirmed on right heart catheterization. The causes of fibrosing @entity1764 were @entity370 (n=13), @entity378 confirmed or suspected (n=9), mediastinal irradiation (n=2), and idiopathic (n=3). Sixteen @entity1 (59%) were in NYHA functional class III and IV. Right heart catheterization confirmed moderate to severe @entity120 with a median mean pulmonary artery pressure of 42 mm Hg (range 27-90) and a median cardiac index of 2.8 L/min/m (range 1.6-4.3). Precapillary @entity120 was found in 22 @entity1 , postcapillary @entity120 in 2, and combined postcapillary and precapillary @entity120 in 3. Severe extrinsic compression of pulmonary arteries (>60% reduction in diameter) was evidenced in 2, 8, and 12 @entity1 at the main, lobar, or segmental levels, respectively. Fourteen @entity1 had at least one severe @entity358 with associated @entity1143 in 6 of them. @entity2556 therapy was initiated in 7 @entity1 and corticosteroid therapy (0.5-1mg/kg/day) was initiated in 3 @entity1 with @entity370 , with 9 other being already on low-dose @entity288 . At 1-year follow-up, 3 @entity1 had died and among the 21 @entity1 evaluated, 3 deteriorated, 14 were stable, and only 4 @entity1 with @entity370 improved (4 receiving corticosteroids and 1 receiving corticosteroids and @entity2556 therapy). Survival was 88%, 73%, and 56% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively.We found no clear clinical improvement with the use of specific @entity2556 therapy. @entity228 therapy may be associated with clinical improvement, in some @entity1 with fibrosing @entity1764 due to @entity370 . Although never performed for this indication, lung transplantation may be proposed in eligible @entity1 with severe @entity120 and fibrosing @entity1764 .

title: @entity120 Complicating Fibrosing XXXX .

answer: @entity1764 :: (MESH:D008480,Disease) :: ['Mediastinitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) gene polymorphisms have been studied in different ethnic populations. We assessed the @entity1289 gene insertion/deletion alleles frequencies and genotype distributions in a group of individuals from among the general population of west Azarbaijan, Iran, in order to determine the prevalence of deletion/deletion (D/D), deletion/insertion (D/I) and insertion/insertion (I/I) genotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 167 healthy individuals were enrolled in a randomized fashion. They were selected from the general population of west Azerbaijan, Iran. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out to determine the @entity1289 D/D, D/I and I/I genotypes. RESULTS: The @entity1289 alleles were D and I in 59.7% and 40.3% of the @entity1 , 59.3% and 40.7% of the @entity1 and 59.6% and 40.4% of all of the @entity1 , respectively. The D/D, D/I, and I/I genotypes were observed in 22 (40.7%), 20 (37%), and 12 (22.2%) @entity1 , 41 (36.3%), 53 (46.9%), and 19 (16.8%) @entity1 , and 63 (37.7%), 73 (43.7%), and 31 (18.6%) @entity1 , respectively. Statistical analysis showed that differences in @entity1289 D and I alleles and genotype frequencies were not significant between the @entity1 and the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study on the general population of west Azarbaijan, the frequencies of the @entity1289 D and I alleles were 59.6% and 40.4%. The @entity1289 D/D, D/I and I/I genotypes were seen in 37.7%, 43.7%, and 18.6% of the studied population, respectively.

title: XXXX insertion/deletion gene polymorphism in general population of west Azarbaijan, Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'Angiotensin-converting enzyme']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['Angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Twenty years ago an average of 1.5 Heller myotomies were performed per year in our hospital, mostly for @entity1 whose @entity1282 did not improve following @entity384 or whose esophagus had been perforated during a @entity384 . Ten years ago we started using minimally invasive surgery to treat this disease. STUDY DESIGN: This study measures the impact of minimally invasive surgery with regard to the following: the number of @entity1 referred for treatment; the number of @entity1 who came to surgery without previous treatment; and the results of surgical treatment. Between 1991 and 2001, 149 @entity1 had minimally invasive surgery for @entity1318 : 25 @entity1 (17%) had thoracoscopic Heller myotomy and 124 (84%) had laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication. Of the 149 @entity1 , 79 @entity1 (53%) had previous treatment (56 @entity1 [71%], @entity384 ; 7 @entity1 [9%], botulinum toxin injection; 16 @entity1 [20%], both) and 70 @entity1 (43%) had none of these treatments. Mean postoperative followup was 59 +/- 36 months. @entity1 were divided into two groups: group A, operated on between 1991 and 1995; and group B, operated on between 1996 and 2001. RESULTS: In the past decade, the number of @entity1 referred for surgery has increased substantially--group A, 48; group B, 101; an increasing proportion of @entity1 were referred for surgery without previous treatment--group A, 38%; group B, 51%; and the outcomes of the operation progressively improved--group A, 87%; group B, 95%. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that the high success rate of laparoscopic Heller myotomy for @entity1318 has brought a shift in practice; surgery has become the preferred treatment of most gastroenterologists and other referring physicians. This has followed documentation that laparoscopic treatment outperforms @entity384 and botulinum toxin injection.

title: Impact of minimally invasive surgery on the treatment of XXXX : a decade of change.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['esophageal achalasia']


abstract: The retina is an easily accessible part of the CNS with a well-defined cytological architecture. It allows for detailed study of the regulation of neurogenesis, determinants of cell fate specification, and signals for cell survival versus programmed cellular death during development. Within the retina, @entity2479 cells (RGCs) are the only neurons connecting to the brain. Their axonal projection to the midbrain targets, the superior colliculus (SC), and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) has been subject of a number of investigations, and led to the identification of molecular signals directing topographic information for precise wiring during development. Transcription factors, guidance molecules, extracellular matrix proteins, neurotrophic factors, and cell death-regulating factors of the @entity588 family and caspases, have all been reported to be involved in the processes of formation of a precise retino-collicular map, and regulation of developmental cell death.During adulthood, RGCs and their projection have to be maintained, since-to our current knowledge-they cannot be replaced following injury. On the other hand, insults of various kinds can be potentially hazardous to RGCs. Therefore, much work has been directed towards understanding of the molecular regulation of @entity528 following insults such as @entity2479 , @entity66 , or in @entity1781 . Experimental strategies are being devised towards protection of lesioned RGCs. Since following @entity66 , these cells not only need to survive, but also have to reconnect in order to be functionally relevant, efforts are directed towards not only survival, but also axonal regeneration and proper rewiring of injured RGCs. This paper reviews the molecular determinants of RGC fate determination and the development of the retino-tectal projection. We summarize what is known (and hypothesized) on the determinants of RGC survival during normal adulthood, and the mechanisms of @entity528 in the injured retina. We also try to develop perspectives towards neuroprotection and regeneration of adult lesioned RGCs that may be applicable to lesioned CNS neurons in vertebrates in a broader sense.

title: Molecular determinants of XXXX cell development, survival, and regeneration.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['axonal lesion']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischaemia', 'retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['RGC degeneration']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ganglion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the correlation between changes in structural abnormalities assessed on MRI and change in radiographic @entity571 ( @entity571 ) over 10 years in a midlife cohort. METHODS: 211 @entity1 [mean-age 45 (26-61); 57% female] were studied at baseline, two and ten years. Approximately, half were adult offspring of subjects who had undergone knee replacement for @entity571 and the remainder were randomly selected controls. Joint space narrowing (JSN) and @entity5040 were assessed from radiographs while cartilage volume, cartilage defects and @entity937 /extrusion were assessed from MRI. Spearman ranked correlation analysis was used to describe the correlation between structural changes assessed on MRI and radiographs. Only medial tibiofemoral compartment results are presented as the lateral compartment had limited change. RESULTS: Over ten years, @entity937 showed a moderate independent correlation with change in both JSN (  =+0.37, p=<0.01) and @entity5040 (  =+0.31, p=<0.01) in the adjusted analysis. Meniscal extrusion (  =+0.22, p=<0.01) and cartilage defects (  =+0.16, p=0.04) showed a slightly weaker independent correlation with JSN in the adjusted analysis, whereas cartilage volume loss showed no significant correlation with either of the two radiographic outcomes. CONCLUSION: Change in JSN is correlated with @entity937 and, to a lesser extent, with meniscal extrusion and cartilage defects. In this sample, change in JSN is a composite measure that does not reflect cartilage volume loss prompting the review of the use of JSN as an outcome measure in chondro-protective drug trials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Correlation between changes in global knee structures assessed on MRI and radiographic XXXX changes over 10 years in a mid-life cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears', 'change in meniscal tears']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Several studies have shown that @entity5 cells may develop resistance to radiotherapy, proliferating under @entity519 conditions. Following surgery, @entity1 may develop low hemoglobin levels, which may cause low @entity26 conditions. This retrospective analysis was undertaken to determine the impact of low hemoglobin levels in @entity1 with @entity135 treated with combined-modality therapy (surgery and postoperative radiochemotherapy). We studied 120 @entity1 with mostly advanced @entity135 (88% stage III/IV) who had undergone macroscopically complete resections of their primary @entity5 and lymph node @entity3 . At 20-277 days after surgery (median: 51.3 days), these @entity1 received postoperative chemoradiotherapy (56.7 Gy of radiation over 28-49 days and @entity900 6 mg/m(2) body surface area on radiation treatment days with a cumulative dose of 96 mg/m(2)). Normal hemoglobin levels were considered to be 12 g/dl for females and 13 g/dl for males. Decreased hemoglobin levels before or after surgery and before or after chemoradiotherapy were correlated with the prognosis. Preoperatively, 99 of 114 @entity1 (87%) had normal levels of hemoglobin compared with only 20 of 107 @entity1 (19%) postoperatively. At the onset of radiochemotherapy, the hemoglobin levels of 82 of 116 @entity1 (71%) were within the normal range. After radiochemotherapy, however, 62 of 114 @entity1 (54%) had normal hemoglobin levels. Univariate analysis (Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test) showed that @entity1 with decreased pre- or postoperative hemoglobin levels had significantly worse locoregional control ( P=0.032 and P=0.0001, respectively) and lower overall survival ( P=0.0013 and P=0.0002, respectively) than @entity1 with normal hemoglobin levels. The 3-year locoregional control rates in @entity1 with preoperative hemoglobin levels that were normal, were reduced by 1-2 g/dl or were reduced by more than 3 g/dl, respectively, were 78%, 55% and 50%. Correlated with normal and diminished postoperative hemoglobin levels, the 3-year locoregional control rates were 90%, 84% and 50%, respectively. There was no correlation between prognosis and hemoglobin level at the onset or after radiochemotherapy. On multivariate analysis, only the postoperative hemoglobin level remained a prognostic factor for locoregional control ( P=0.0241) and overall survival ( P=0.0080). We conclude that low postoperative hemoglobin levels resulting from @entity190 may influence the efficacy of postoperative radiochemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity135 . Early intervention to raise the postoperative hemoglobin level may result in @entity5 control and overall survival after combined-modality therapy.

title: Prognostic implications of hemoglobin levels before and after surgery as well as before and after radiochemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'better tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumors']


abstract: @entity189 is a rare cutaneous @entity5 characterized by slow but locally aggressive growth, which normally does not lead to systemic @entity3 . Frequent local recurrences are reported, which are most likely due to insufficient operative technique. We present the fourth case of cervical ipsilateral metastatic @entity189 in an otherwise healthy @entity1 . The @entity1 presented with a previously diagnosed but not completely resected @entity189 in the area of the right posterior scalp and two palpable ipsilateral lymph nodes. The @entity5 was resected using intraoperative snap frozen histological evaluation of the resection borders. In the same procedure two lymph nodes were resected from the right neck. The lymph nodes were histologically assessed and showed infiltration by small strains of @entity5 cells. After exclusion of a second @entity5 , e.g., @entity189 , as the cause for cervical lymph node @entity3 , we performed a modified radical neck dissection with resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the accessory nerve, which was histologically proven to be perineurally infiltrated by @entity5 cells. In this second procedure the histological evaluation of the specimen showed no sign of remaining @entity5 infiltration. After exclusion of distant @entity3 the @entity1 was irradiated with 60 Gy. The @entity1 is well 1 year after the initial treatment without signs of recurrence.

title: Cervical @entity3 of XXXX in an otherwise healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Microcystic adnexal carcinoma', 'microcystic adnexal carcinoma', 'mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['microcystic adnexal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity189 is a rare cutaneous @entity5 characterized by slow but locally aggressive growth, which normally does not lead to systemic @entity3 . Frequent local recurrences are reported, which are most likely due to insufficient operative technique. We present the fourth case of cervical ipsilateral metastatic @entity189 in an otherwise healthy @entity1 . The @entity1 presented with a previously diagnosed but not completely resected @entity189 in the area of the right posterior scalp and two palpable ipsilateral lymph nodes. The @entity5 was resected using intraoperative snap frozen histological evaluation of the resection borders. In the same procedure two lymph nodes were resected from the right neck. The lymph nodes were histologically assessed and showed infiltration by small strains of @entity5 cells. After exclusion of a second @entity5 , e.g., @entity189 , as the cause for cervical lymph node @entity3 , we performed a modified radical neck dissection with resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the accessory nerve, which was histologically proven to be perineurally infiltrated by @entity5 cells. In this second procedure the histological evaluation of the specimen showed no sign of remaining @entity5 infiltration. After exclusion of distant @entity3 the @entity1 was irradiated with 60 Gy. The @entity1 is well 1 year after the initial treatment without signs of recurrence.

title: Cervical XXXX of @entity189 in an otherwise healthy @entity1 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: @entity189 is a rare cutaneous @entity5 characterized by slow but locally aggressive growth, which normally does not lead to systemic @entity3 . Frequent local recurrences are reported, which are most likely due to insufficient operative technique. We present the fourth case of cervical ipsilateral metastatic @entity189 in an otherwise healthy @entity1 . The @entity1 presented with a previously diagnosed but not completely resected @entity189 in the area of the right posterior scalp and two palpable ipsilateral lymph nodes. The @entity5 was resected using intraoperative snap frozen histological evaluation of the resection borders. In the same procedure two lymph nodes were resected from the right neck. The lymph nodes were histologically assessed and showed infiltration by small strains of @entity5 cells. After exclusion of a second @entity5 , e.g., @entity189 , as the cause for cervical lymph node @entity3 , we performed a modified radical neck dissection with resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the accessory nerve, which was histologically proven to be perineurally infiltrated by @entity5 cells. In this second procedure the histological evaluation of the specimen showed no sign of remaining @entity5 infiltration. After exclusion of distant @entity3 the @entity1 was irradiated with 60 Gy. The @entity1 is well 1 year after the initial treatment without signs of recurrence.

title: Cervical @entity3 of @entity189 in an otherwise healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) is now accepted as the preferred technique to establish long-term enteral feeding. A total of 30 pediatric @entity1 (21 males and 9 females, aged from 5 months to 14 years) underwent @entity970 in the National Taiwan University Hospital from December 1994 to February 2001. The underlying diseases of the @entity1 receiving @entity970 were @entity51 ( n=26), @entity344 ( n=2) and @entity209 ( n=2). All @entity1 received intravenous sedation and @entity970 was performed successfully. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment was given for 1 day. Tube feeding began 48 h after the placement. The Z-score of weight before and 6 months after @entity970 was -1.54+/-1.74 and -0.98+/-1.46, respectively, which is significant (paired t-test, p<0.0001). Accelerated @entity1017 was found after @entity970 . Complications of @entity970 in our @entity1 included local wound @entity281 ( n=15), @entity292 ( n=1), @entity516 ( n=1), dislodgement of tube ( n=6) and tube occlusion ( n=2). Of these @entity1 12 received button replacement after @entity970 and the @entity5274 was discontinued in 2 @entity1 when they resumed adequate oral intake. Removal of @entity970 was performed in 2 @entity1 due to complications of @entity292 and severe dislodgement. Our results encourage the use of @entity970 as a long-term route for nutritional supply.

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy to set up a long-term enteral feeding route in XXXX : an encouraging result.

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['gastrocolic fistula']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevention and early detection of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is important after arthroplasty of the lower limb. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between @entity1211 and hemostatic markers after minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty (MIS-TKA). METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 50 @entity1 (55 knees) who underwent primary unilateral MIS-TKA with periodic determination of D-dimer and soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMC) concentrations and with ultrasonography. The development of symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1211 , location of @entity1150 ( @entity11942 ; proximal or distal), changes in SFMC and D-dimer concentrations, and correlations between hemostatic markers and @entity1211 onset were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 (47  %) had an asymptomatic @entity11942 , but none had proximal @entity11942 , @entity1151 , or symptomatic @entity11942 . @entity11942 was detected at postoperative day 1 (POD1) in 16 @entity1 , POD3 in six, and POD5 in three (excluding detections of the same @entity11942 in the same position on different days). @entity11942 onset correlated significantly with SFMC concentration on POD1 and with D-dimer concentration on POD3. The D-dimer concentration did not differ significantly between @entity1 who developed @entity11942 ( @entity11942 +) and those who did not ( @entity11942 -) at each postoperative time. SFMC concentration differed between @entity11942 + and @entity11942 - @entity1 only on POD1. Analysis of each hemostatic marker classified as either within or outside the normal concentration range showed no significant correlations between D-dimer concentration and @entity11942 onset at each period. There were significant correlations between SFMC concentrations and @entity11942 onset on POD1 and POD3. There were also significant correlations between D-dimer positive (+) findings and/or SFMC+ findings and @entity11942 onset on POD1 and POD3. D-dimer+ and/or SFMC+ findings had better specificity on POD1 and a positive predictive value on POD1 and POD3 compared with SFMC+ alone. CONCLUSIONS: SFMC concentration is an effective hemostatic marker for early detection of @entity11942 . D-dimer concentration alone has limited value as a hemostatic marker for early detection of @entity11942 . Measurement of both D-dimer and SFMC concentrations might be a more sensitive diagnostic tool than measuring SFMC concentration alone.

title: Associations between XXXX onset, D-dimer, and soluble fibrin monomer complex after total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity308 have complex and multi-faceted underlying mechanisms, rendering these disorders difficult to treat consistently and effectively. One under-explored therapeutic strategy for alleviating @entity1316 is the targeting of microRNAs (miRs). miRs are small non-coding RNAs that cause sequestration/degradation of specific mRNAs, thereby preventing protein translation and downstream functions. @entity20214 has validated and predicted neurotrophic factor and inflammatory mRNA targets, which led to our hypothesis that @entity20214 deletion would modulate affective behaviors. To evaluate @entity148 -like behavior, wildtype (wt) and @entity20214 knockout (ko) @entity19 (littermates; both male and female) were assessed in the open field and on an elevated plus maze. In both tests, @entity20214 ko @entity19 spent more time in open areas, suggesting they had reduced @entity148 -like behavior. @entity308 -like behaviors were assessed using the forced swim test. Compared to wt @entity19 , @entity20214 ko @entity19 exhibited reduced float duration and increased latency to float. Further, although all @entity19 exhibited a strong preference for a @entity969 solution over water, this preference was enhanced in @entity20214 ko @entity19 . @entity20214 ko @entity19 had no @entity4207 (Barnes maze) or social preference/novelty suggesting that changes in mood were specific. Finally, compared to wt hippocampi, @entity20214 ko hippocampi had a reduced inflammatory signature (e.g., decreased @entity777 , @entity637 ) and female @entity20214 ko @entity19 increased ciliary neurotrophic factor expression. Together, these data highlight the importance of studying microRNAs in the context of @entity148 and @entity308 and identify @entity20214 as a novel potential therapeutic target for improving @entity1316 .

title: MicroRNA-155 deletion reduces anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive', 'Depressive disorders', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies in learning and memory']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate risk perception among an online cohort of younger US adults compared with calculated risk estimates. DESIGN: We recruited a population-based cohort 25-44 years of age with no history of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) using Amazon's Mechanical Turk, an online marketplace used extensively for behavioral research. After collecting demographic and risk factor information, we asked @entity1 to estimate their 10-year and lifetime risk of knee @entity571 . We compared perceived risk with risk derived from the @entity571 risk calculator ( @entity571 Risk C), an online tool built on the basis of the validated @entity571 Policy Model. RESULTS: 375 @entity1 completed the study. 21% reported having 3+ risk factors for @entity571 , 25% reported two risk factors, and 32% reported one risk factor. Using the @entity571 Risk C, we calculated a mean lifetime @entity571 risk of 25% and 10-year risk of 4% for this sample. @entity1 overestimated their lifetime and 10-year @entity571 risk at 48% and 26%, respectively. We found that @entity28 , female sex, family history of @entity571 , history of @entity3331 , and occupational exposure were all significantly associated with greater perceived lifetime risk of @entity571 . CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors are prevalent in this relatively young cohort. @entity1 consistently overestimated their lifetime risk and showed even greater overestimation of their 10-year risk, suggesting a lack of knowledge about the timing of @entity571 onset. These data offer insights for awareness and risk interventions among younger @entity1 at risk for knee @entity571 .

title: Risk and risk perception of XXXX in the US: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injury']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this multicenter phase II study was to demonstrate the activity of the @entity470 ( @entity470 )-targeting monoclonal antibody cetuximab combined with @entity2600 in the treatment of Latin American @entity1 with @entity470 -expressing metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) in whom previous treatment with an @entity2600 -containing regimen had failed. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 received cetuximab, as a 400 mg/m2 initial infusion followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly, plus the same @entity2600 regimen that had previously failed, until the occurrence of disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . The primary endpoint was response. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and safety. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity1 received treatment. One @entity1 had a complete response, 20 had partial responses, and disease was stabilized in 23 @entity1 , giving an overall response rate of 27% and a disease control rate of 56%. The median duration of response was 23.9 weeks. Median PFS was 17.4 weeks, median @entity1349 was 9.2 months, and the 12-month @entity1349 rate was 38%. The most common adverse events according to System Organ Class were skin and @entity3145 (91% of the @entity1 ). Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 45 @entity1 (57%), with the most common being @entity294 (20%), @entity1398 (11%), and @entity1910 (6%). Seven @entity1 (9%) had grade 3/4 acne-like @entity1910 . No grade 3/4 infusion-related reactions were reported. CONCLUSION: Cetuximab in combination with @entity2600 is active and tolerable in Latin American @entity1 with mCRC progressing on @entity2600 , with a safety profile similar to that described in European studies.

title: Cetuximab Plus @entity2600 in pretreated metastatic XXXX progressing on @entity2600 : the LABEL study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['rash', 'skin rash']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous tissue disorders']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this multicenter phase II study was to demonstrate the activity of the @entity470 ( @entity470 )-targeting monoclonal antibody cetuximab combined with @entity2600 in the treatment of Latin American @entity1 with @entity470 -expressing metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) in whom previous treatment with an @entity2600 -containing regimen had failed. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 received cetuximab, as a 400 mg/m2 initial infusion followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly, plus the same @entity2600 regimen that had previously failed, until the occurrence of disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . The primary endpoint was response. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and safety. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity1 received treatment. One @entity1 had a complete response, 20 had partial responses, and disease was stabilized in 23 @entity1 , giving an overall response rate of 27% and a disease control rate of 56%. The median duration of response was 23.9 weeks. Median PFS was 17.4 weeks, median @entity1349 was 9.2 months, and the 12-month @entity1349 rate was 38%. The most common adverse events according to System Organ Class were skin and @entity3145 (91% of the @entity1 ). Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 45 @entity1 (57%), with the most common being @entity294 (20%), @entity1398 (11%), and @entity1910 (6%). Seven @entity1 (9%) had grade 3/4 acne-like @entity1910 . No grade 3/4 infusion-related reactions were reported. CONCLUSION: Cetuximab in combination with @entity2600 is active and tolerable in Latin American @entity1 with mCRC progressing on @entity2600 , with a safety profile similar to that described in European studies.

title: Cetuximab Plus XXXX in pretreated metastatic @entity14 progressing on @entity2600 : the LABEL study.

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this multicenter phase II study was to demonstrate the activity of the @entity470 ( @entity470 )-targeting monoclonal antibody cetuximab combined with @entity2600 in the treatment of Latin American @entity1 with @entity470 -expressing metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) in whom previous treatment with an @entity2600 -containing regimen had failed. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 received cetuximab, as a 400 mg/m2 initial infusion followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly, plus the same @entity2600 regimen that had previously failed, until the occurrence of disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . The primary endpoint was response. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and safety. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity1 received treatment. One @entity1 had a complete response, 20 had partial responses, and disease was stabilized in 23 @entity1 , giving an overall response rate of 27% and a disease control rate of 56%. The median duration of response was 23.9 weeks. Median PFS was 17.4 weeks, median @entity1349 was 9.2 months, and the 12-month @entity1349 rate was 38%. The most common adverse events according to System Organ Class were skin and @entity3145 (91% of the @entity1 ). Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 45 @entity1 (57%), with the most common being @entity294 (20%), @entity1398 (11%), and @entity1910 (6%). Seven @entity1 (9%) had grade 3/4 acne-like @entity1910 . No grade 3/4 infusion-related reactions were reported. CONCLUSION: Cetuximab in combination with @entity2600 is active and tolerable in Latin American @entity1 with mCRC progressing on @entity2600 , with a safety profile similar to that described in European studies.

title: Cetuximab Plus @entity2600 in pretreated metastatic @entity14 progressing on XXXX : the LABEL study.

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3964 infection can cause @entity409 , cerebral @entity75 and @entity204 if untreated. We have previously shown that high concentrations of free @entity1446 , and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 ( @entity371 ) in sera of @entity311 @entity1 induce apoptosis in microvascular endothelial and neuronal cells contributing to @entity455 , blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and mortality. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are microvascular endothelial cell precursors partly responsible for repair and regeneration of damaged BBB endothelium. Studies have shown that EPC's are depleted in severe @entity311 @entity1 , but the mechanisms mediating this phenomenon are unknown. Toll-like receptors recognize a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns generated by pathogens such as bacteria and parasites. We tested the hypothesis that EPC depletion during @entity311 pathogenesis is a function of @entity1446 -induced apoptosis mediated by @entity371 induction and toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. @entity1446 and @entity371 concentrations in plasma obtained from @entity311 @entity1 were elevated compared with non- @entity311 subjects. EPC numbers were significantly decreased in @entity311 @entity1 (P < 0.02) and @entity2939 expression was significantly elevated in vivo. These findings were confirmed in EPC precursors in vitro; where it was determined that @entity1446 -induced apoptosis and @entity371 expression was @entity2939 -mediated. We conclude that increased serum @entity1446 mediates depletion of EPC during @entity311 pathogenesis.

title: @entity1446 -Mediated Induction of @entity371 and Depletion of CD34+ Progenitor Cells Is XXXX Dependent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity2939 :: (7099,Gene) :: ['Toll-Like Receptor 4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3964 infection can cause @entity409 , cerebral @entity75 and @entity204 if untreated. We have previously shown that high concentrations of free @entity1446 , and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 ( @entity371 ) in sera of @entity311 @entity1 induce apoptosis in microvascular endothelial and neuronal cells contributing to @entity455 , blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and mortality. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are microvascular endothelial cell precursors partly responsible for repair and regeneration of damaged BBB endothelium. Studies have shown that EPC's are depleted in severe @entity311 @entity1 , but the mechanisms mediating this phenomenon are unknown. Toll-like receptors recognize a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns generated by pathogens such as bacteria and parasites. We tested the hypothesis that EPC depletion during @entity311 pathogenesis is a function of @entity1446 -induced apoptosis mediated by @entity371 induction and toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. @entity1446 and @entity371 concentrations in plasma obtained from @entity311 @entity1 were elevated compared with non- @entity311 subjects. EPC numbers were significantly decreased in @entity311 @entity1 (P < 0.02) and @entity2939 expression was significantly elevated in vivo. These findings were confirmed in EPC precursors in vitro; where it was determined that @entity1446 -induced apoptosis and @entity371 expression was @entity2939 -mediated. We conclude that increased serum @entity1446 mediates depletion of EPC during @entity311 pathogenesis.

title: @entity1446 -Mediated Induction of XXXX and Depletion of CD34+ Progenitor Cells Is @entity2939 Dependent.

answer: @entity371 :: (3627,Gene) :: ['CXCL10']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3964 infection can cause @entity409 , cerebral @entity75 and @entity204 if untreated. We have previously shown that high concentrations of free @entity1446 , and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 ( @entity371 ) in sera of @entity311 @entity1 induce apoptosis in microvascular endothelial and neuronal cells contributing to @entity455 , blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and mortality. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are microvascular endothelial cell precursors partly responsible for repair and regeneration of damaged BBB endothelium. Studies have shown that EPC's are depleted in severe @entity311 @entity1 , but the mechanisms mediating this phenomenon are unknown. Toll-like receptors recognize a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns generated by pathogens such as bacteria and parasites. We tested the hypothesis that EPC depletion during @entity311 pathogenesis is a function of @entity1446 -induced apoptosis mediated by @entity371 induction and toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. @entity1446 and @entity371 concentrations in plasma obtained from @entity311 @entity1 were elevated compared with non- @entity311 subjects. EPC numbers were significantly decreased in @entity311 @entity1 (P < 0.02) and @entity2939 expression was significantly elevated in vivo. These findings were confirmed in EPC precursors in vitro; where it was determined that @entity1446 -induced apoptosis and @entity371 expression was @entity2939 -mediated. We conclude that increased serum @entity1446 mediates depletion of EPC during @entity311 pathogenesis.

title: XXXX -Mediated Induction of @entity371 and Depletion of CD34+ Progenitor Cells Is @entity2939 Dependent.

answer: @entity1446 :: (MESH:D006418,Chemical) :: ['Heme']


abstract: The aim of this study was the identification of surrogate markers of host immunity in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) @entity1 . Using 4-color flow cytometry the immunophenotype of blood immune cells of @entity1358 @entity1 was compared to that of healthy volunteers and correlated with staging and grading of @entity1 . Furthermore, the time course of these immune markers was compared in @entity1358 @entity1 undergoing either open surgery or laparoscopy. Compared to the healthy control group, blood of @entity1358 @entity1 contained more granulocytes and higher percentages of @entity4386 + @entity405 + T lymphocytes, but reduced numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) and of @entity1361 + @entity405 + T cells. @entity5 progression was associated with a higher white blood cell count, a reduced frequency of blood DCs and increased numbers of @entity4755 + T and NK cells. Monocytes of @entity1 with advanced @entity1358 showed a reduced HLA-DR surface expression associated with higher aminopeptidase N( @entity10793 )/ @entity10793 expression. @entity5 surgery caused an increase of granulocytes and a decrease of all lymphocytic and DC subpopulations within 24 h, whereas the number of HLA-DR low monocytes was up-regulated. As demonstrated by time kinetic analysis, laparoscopic intervention caused a more moderate immunosuppression and an enhanced restoration of immune activity than open surgery. These results suggest that the composition and the phenotype of innate immune cells reflect well the differences in the cellular immunity of @entity1358 @entity1 associated with @entity5 as well as surgery. The monocytic HLA-DR intensity represents a suitable marker for monitoring @entity5 stage and surgery-associated immunosuppression in @entity1358 @entity1 .

title: Monitoring peri-operative immune suppression in renal cancer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumor disease']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Highly comminuted intra-articular @entity174 are complex and @entity130 to treat. Once emergent care is rendered, the definitive treatment objective is to restore the original anatomy while minimizing surgically induced @entity130 . Operations that use limited or percutaneous approaches help preserve tissue vitality, but reduced visibility makes reconstruction more difficult. A pre-operative plan of how comminuted fragments would best be re-positioned to restore anatomy helps in executing a successful reduction. METHODS: In this study, the methods for virtually reconstructing a @entity174 were developed and applied to clinical cases. Building upon previous benchtop work, novel image analysis techniques and puzzle solving algorithms were developed for clinical application. Specialty image analysis tools were used to segment the @entity174 fragment geometries from CT data. The original anatomy was then restored by matching fragment native (periosteal and subchondral) bone surfaces to an intact template, generated from the uninjured contralateral limb. FINDINGS: Virtual reconstructions obtained for ten @entity174 cases had average alignment errors of 0.39 (0.5 standard deviation) mm. In addition to precise reduction planning, 3D puzzle solutions can help identify @entity85 and @entity604 . INTERPRETATION: The results from this study indicate that 3D puzzle solving provides a powerful new tool for planning the surgical reconstruction of @entity9256 .

title: ASB Clinical Biomechanics Award Paper 2010 Virtual pre-operative reconstruction planning for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'tibial plafond fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity9256 :: ('MESH:D018460', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted articular fractures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['articular deformities']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['difficult injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity9256 :: (MESH:D018460,Disease) :: ['comminuted articular fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a curved @entity5648 stent-graft for repair of @entity2334 . METHODS: The Matsui-Kitamura stent-graft (MKSG), composed of a self-expanding @entity5648 stent and polyester fabric, was shaped to match the aortic curvature of 11 @entity1 (6 @entity1 ; mean age 72.6 years, range 33-90) with 6 true and 5 false @entity439 of the distal arch or proximal descending aorta. The delivery system was an 18 or 20-F J-shaped sheath combined with a preloader-type introducer. The original mean proximal neck length was 16.4 mm, but 4 @entity1 received an axilloaxillary bypass to lengthen the neck. Although the mean corrected proximal neck length was 21.9 mm (overall), 5 cases still had proximal necks <15 mm long. RESULTS: All curved MKSGs were successfully deployed in the correct position and fitted to the curvature of the aortic arch, achieving complete @entity439 in 8 (73%) cases. The other 3 repairs displayed @entity1070 ; 1 received an additional MKSG, but the other 2 are being observed. Thirty-day mortality was 0%. One @entity1 developed transient @entity177 requiring hemodialysis; no neurological complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair of @entity2334 using curved MKSGs appears to be feasible and clinically effective. A tighter fit of the device to the curvature of the aortic arch may exclude @entity439 despite a short proximal neck.

title: Clinical application of a curved @entity5648 stent-graft for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['early endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm exclusion', 'distal arch aneurysms']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a curved @entity5648 stent-graft for repair of @entity2334 . METHODS: The Matsui-Kitamura stent-graft (MKSG), composed of a self-expanding @entity5648 stent and polyester fabric, was shaped to match the aortic curvature of 11 @entity1 (6 @entity1 ; mean age 72.6 years, range 33-90) with 6 true and 5 false @entity439 of the distal arch or proximal descending aorta. The delivery system was an 18 or 20-F J-shaped sheath combined with a preloader-type introducer. The original mean proximal neck length was 16.4 mm, but 4 @entity1 received an axilloaxillary bypass to lengthen the neck. Although the mean corrected proximal neck length was 21.9 mm (overall), 5 cases still had proximal necks <15 mm long. RESULTS: All curved MKSGs were successfully deployed in the correct position and fitted to the curvature of the aortic arch, achieving complete @entity439 in 8 (73%) cases. The other 3 repairs displayed @entity1070 ; 1 received an additional MKSG, but the other 2 are being observed. Thirty-day mortality was 0%. One @entity1 developed transient @entity177 requiring hemodialysis; no neurological complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair of @entity2334 using curved MKSGs appears to be feasible and clinically effective. A tighter fit of the device to the curvature of the aortic arch may exclude @entity439 despite a short proximal neck.

title: Clinical application of a curved XXXX stent-graft for @entity2334 .

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['nitinol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate our short and long-term results after transbrachial treatment of subclavian @entity438 and @entity130 with stent-grafts in elective and emergency settings. METHODS: Ten of 12 consecutive @entity1 (6 @entity1 ; mean age 63.8 years, range 38-80) were treated electively with commercially prepared endografts delivered via a transbrachial access to repair a subclavian @entity438 (n=3) or an injury from a misplaced central venous catheter (n=7). Two @entity1 required emergency treatment for a @entity1756 in one and an unintentional arterial puncture during placement of a central venous access in the other. Stent-graft patency during follow-up was assessed by physical examination with @entity551 in all @entity1 ; computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed in available @entity1 . RESULTS: Successful deployment of stent-grafts with sealing of the lesion was achieved in all cases. There were 2 (17%) procedural complications. One @entity1 developed an access-site @entity1410 that required surgical revision. The second @entity1 , who had a right @entity130 , suffered an @entity385 . The primary stent-graft patency during follow-up (mean 11.6 months) was 100%. CTA examinations in 7 @entity1 at a mean 18 months showed strut dislocation at the thoracic outlet without luminal narrowing in 1 @entity1 . A 50% intraluminal narrowing due to compression between the clavicle and the first rib occurred in another @entity1 . Six @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 23 months (range 0.3-4.5 years) are still alive with patent stent-grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stent-graft treatment of subclavian @entity438 and @entity130 is a less invasive alternative to surgical repair. Long-term results must still be confirmed in further studies.

title: Elective and emergent endovascular treatment of subclavian @entity438 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['comparison of brachial blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['embolic cerebral infarction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'subclavian injury']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured atherosclerotic aneurysm']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate our short and long-term results after transbrachial treatment of subclavian @entity438 and @entity130 with stent-grafts in elective and emergency settings. METHODS: Ten of 12 consecutive @entity1 (6 @entity1 ; mean age 63.8 years, range 38-80) were treated electively with commercially prepared endografts delivered via a transbrachial access to repair a subclavian @entity438 (n=3) or an injury from a misplaced central venous catheter (n=7). Two @entity1 required emergency treatment for a @entity1756 in one and an unintentional arterial puncture during placement of a central venous access in the other. Stent-graft patency during follow-up was assessed by physical examination with @entity551 in all @entity1 ; computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed in available @entity1 . RESULTS: Successful deployment of stent-grafts with sealing of the lesion was achieved in all cases. There were 2 (17%) procedural complications. One @entity1 developed an access-site @entity1410 that required surgical revision. The second @entity1 , who had a right @entity130 , suffered an @entity385 . The primary stent-graft patency during follow-up (mean 11.6 months) was 100%. CTA examinations in 7 @entity1 at a mean 18 months showed strut dislocation at the thoracic outlet without luminal narrowing in 1 @entity1 . A 50% intraluminal narrowing due to compression between the clavicle and the first rib occurred in another @entity1 . Six @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 23 months (range 0.3-4.5 years) are still alive with patent stent-grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stent-graft treatment of subclavian @entity438 and @entity130 is a less invasive alternative to surgical repair. Long-term results must still be confirmed in further studies.

title: Elective and emergent endovascular treatment of subclavian XXXX and @entity130 .

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse horizontal extraocular muscle findings by ultrasound and exophthalmometry in a tertiary endocrinology centre series of @entity1 with @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ). METHODS: The 90 thyroid @entity1 included underwent ultrasonic measurement of horizontal eye muscle thickness by a B-scan based technique carried out in addition to their general ophthalmic evaluation. As an indicator of mainly advanced @entity1374 , longterm @entity229 or @entity205 was given to many of the @entity1 , and drug-resistant @entity227 indicated decompression surgery in four of the 90 @entity1 . Thirty-four @entity1 underwent repeated muscle recordings over 15-49 months; this allowed for cross-sectional analysis and the outlining of longitudinal trends. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: (A) Although marginally overlapping, all four muscle groups were significantly thicker in the study group than in normal control subjects. The mean of the sum of all four muscles was 16.8 mm (range 13.6-21.7 mm) in the control group versus 22.6 mm (range 15.5-36.4 mm) in the thyroid group. (B) Using the clinical NOSPECS grading, more advanced eye involvement was found to generally result in a higher exophthalmometric measurement of protrusion and eye muscle thickness. However, slender rectus muscles and/or normal exophthalmometric values might occur even in advanced orbitopathy. (C) Over a period of 2-4 years, only a few of 34 @entity1 with satisfactory serial ultrasonic measurements returned to their premorbid ophthalmic status. Typically, the extraocular muscles kept their abnormal size after having become clinically quiescent (fibrotic). (D) We found no safe indication regarding disease stage, active or late, from the ultrasonic appearance of the muscle tissue. (E) Discrepancies between various normative eye muscle studies are discussed with regard to computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

title: Ultrasonically measured horizontal eye muscle thickness in XXXX : cross-sectional and longitudinal aspects in a Danish series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['TAO', 'thyroid associated orbitopathy']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid associated orbitopathy']


abstract: @entity3744 (+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for maintaining T cell tolerance, but their role in humoral @entity792 remains unclear. To address this, we combined a model of autoantibody-dependent @entity625 (K/BxN) with @entity3744 mutant scurfy @entity19 to generate Treg-deficient K/BxN @entity19 , referred to as K/BxNsf @entity19 . The disease symptoms of K/BxNsf @entity19 were exacerbated, and this coincided with increases in extrafollicular Th cells, follicular Th cells, and germinal centers. Surprisingly, the K/BxNsf @entity19 exhibited an abnormal accumulation of mature plasma cells in their spleens and a corresponding loss of bone marrow plasma cells. The plasma cells were unresponsive to the bone marrow homing chemokine @entity19149 , despite normal expression of the chemokine receptor @entity9843 . Importantly, they were long-lived and less susceptible to the cytotoxic action of @entity786 . They also expressed less FcyRIIb and were less apoptotic in response to autoantigen-autoantibody immune complexes. This suggests that Tregs control plasma cell susceptibility to cell death induced by engagement of FcyRIIb with immune complexes. Direct cytotoxic effects of Tregs also contribute to the death of plasma cells. Thus, our results reveal that Tregs suppress the emergence of long-lived splenic plasma cells by affecting plasma cell-autonomous mechanisms as well as T cell help, thereby avoiding the persistence of humoral @entity792 .

title: @entity3744 + regulatory T cells control humoral XXXX by suppressing the development of long-lived plasma cells.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: @entity3744 (+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for maintaining T cell tolerance, but their role in humoral @entity792 remains unclear. To address this, we combined a model of autoantibody-dependent @entity625 (K/BxN) with @entity3744 mutant scurfy @entity19 to generate Treg-deficient K/BxN @entity19 , referred to as K/BxNsf @entity19 . The disease symptoms of K/BxNsf @entity19 were exacerbated, and this coincided with increases in extrafollicular Th cells, follicular Th cells, and germinal centers. Surprisingly, the K/BxNsf @entity19 exhibited an abnormal accumulation of mature plasma cells in their spleens and a corresponding loss of bone marrow plasma cells. The plasma cells were unresponsive to the bone marrow homing chemokine @entity19149 , despite normal expression of the chemokine receptor @entity9843 . Importantly, they were long-lived and less susceptible to the cytotoxic action of @entity786 . They also expressed less FcyRIIb and were less apoptotic in response to autoantigen-autoantibody immune complexes. This suggests that Tregs control plasma cell susceptibility to cell death induced by engagement of FcyRIIb with immune complexes. Direct cytotoxic effects of Tregs also contribute to the death of plasma cells. Thus, our results reveal that Tregs suppress the emergence of long-lived splenic plasma cells by affecting plasma cell-autonomous mechanisms as well as T cell help, thereby avoiding the persistence of humoral @entity792 .

title: XXXX + regulatory T cells control humoral @entity792 by suppressing the development of long-lived plasma cells.

answer: @entity3744 :: (20371(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Foxp3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A 2004 consensus statement by the American Psychiatric Association and other groups noted that metabolic side effects of second-generation antipsychotics require monitoring. To reduce risk, prescribers may consider factors differentially associated with development of @entity209 , such as age, gender, and race-ethnicity. As part of a study of older @entity1 with @entity161 (50-102 years), this study evaluated factors associated with antipsychotic switches and switches that incurred a greater or lesser metabolic risk. METHODS: Administrative data were analyzed for a national cohort of 16,103 Veterans Health Administration @entity1 with @entity161 receiving second-generation antipsychotics. Multinomial logistic regression predicted the likelihood of switches from 2002 to 2003 and again from 2004 to 2005. RESULTS: At baseline nearly half the @entity1 (45%) had a diagnosis of @entity101 , a third (34%) had @entity2299 , and 15% had a diagnosis of @entity28 . In both periods @entity6 was associated with switches to lower-risk antipsychotics, and older @entity1 were likely to experience neutral or no switches. @entity1 were more likely to experience switches to higher-risk antipsychotics in 2004-2005. CONCLUSIONS: General medical conditions potentially associated with antipsychotic-related metabolic concerns were common; however, half of these @entity1 were prescribed medication that made them liable to developing metabolic problems. Modest evidence suggests that metabolic considerations became a higher priority during the study. Future research should investigate the differential impact of antipsychotics on @entity209 for @entity1 and elderly @entity1 . Findings underscore the need to monitor metabolic parameters of older patients taking antipsychotics.

title: Factors in second-generation antipsychotic switching patterns in a national sample of older veterans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysregulation', 'metabolic abnormalities']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Treatment results on 695 @entity5 @entity1 followed with surveillance are described. @entity4797 (SGCT) was present in 394 @entity1 and nonseminoma (NSGCT) in 301 @entity1 . Relapses were detected in 155 @entity1 (22%), in 69 @entity1 with SGCT (17%) and 86 with NSGCT (29%). In @entity1 with vascular invasion, relapse was detected in 54% of @entity1 with NSGCT and 38% of @entity1 with SGCT. Time to relapse was median 13 months (range 1 to 84 months) for SGCT and 5 months (range 1 to 171 months) for NSGCT. Forty-nine percent of relapses in SGCT @entity1 were seen within the first year, 87% of the relapses were diagnosed within the first two years, and 98% of the relapses were detected within 5 years. The figures for NSGCT were 80%, 89% and 95%, respectively. Forty-five @entity1 had @entity189 in situ in the contralateral testis, 62% had this together with a @entity4797 in the other testis. Ten @entity1 died during the follow-up period. None of these deaths were caused by the germ cell @entity5 or the treatment. The overall survival for @entity1 with stage I disease is 98.6%, and the cause specific survival 100%.

title: Surveillance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I testicular cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['Seminoma', 'seminoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage I testicular cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Follow up for @entity0 @entity1 aims at the timely detection of loco-regional recurrences and @entity0 (LRR). This study investigates the annual risk of LRR after breast conserving treatment (BCT) and the potential value of mammographic surveillance and/or routine clinical examination. METHODS: Data on 650 @entity1 who underwent BCT were obtained and LRR was divided into parenchymal and non-parenchymal. LRR-free and cumulative LRR-free rates were calculated. In @entity1 where recurrence was diagnosed at a routine clinic visit and had negative mammography ("clinical detection only" group) were also separately examined. RESULTS: Median follow up was 115 months, range 9-196. Seventy-three @entity1 had parenchymal and 16 nodal recurrence. The median probability of LRR was 1.4% and of parenchymal LRR was 1.32% per year, remaining constant for up to 168 months. The 16 @entity1 in the "clinical detection only" group relapsed mainly during the first 2 years (annual risk 0.77% and 0.80%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the risk of parenchymal LRR remains constant for at least 14 years and is significant enough to warrant routine long-term follow up mammography. Routine clinical examination contributes significantly to the detection of LRR only for the first 2 years.

title: An evidence based strategy for follow up after breast conserving treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'contralateral breast cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Tumor @entity519 is associated with low rates of cell proliferation and poor drug delivery, limiting the efficacy of many conventional therapies such as chemotherapy. Because many macrophages accumulate in @entity5 , one way to target @entity5 cells in these regions could be to use genetically engineered macrophages that express therapeutic genes when exposed to @entity519 . Systemic delivery of such therapeutic macrophages may also be enhanced by preloading them with nanomagnets and applying a magnetic field to the @entity5 site. Here, we use a new mathematical model to compare the effects of conventional @entity786 therapy with those induced when macrophages are used to deliver @entity519 -inducible @entity12325 to locally activate @entity786 . Our mathematical model describes the spatiotemporal dynamics of @entity5 growth and treats cells as distinct entities. Model simulations predict that combining conventional and macrophage-based therapies would be synergistic, producing greater antitumor effects than the additive effects of each form of therapy. We find that timing is crucial in this combined approach with efficacy being greatest when the macrophage-based, @entity519 -targeted therapy is administered shortly before or concurrently with chemotherapy. Last, we show that therapy with genetically engineered macrophages is markedly enhanced by using the magnetic approach described above, and that this enhancement depends mainly on the strength of the applied field, rather than its direction. This insight may be important in the treatment of nonsuperficial @entity5 , where generating a specific orientation of a magnetic field may prove difficult. In conclusion, we demonstrate that mathematical modeling can be used to design and maximize the efficacy of combined therapeutic approaches in @entity5 .

title: Mathematical modeling predicts synergistic antitumor effects of combining a macrophage-based, XXXX -targeted gene therapy with chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor', 'hypoxic regions of tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia leads to media calcification and predicts mortality in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). It is debatable whether this exposure is only a risk factor for @entity4288 , or also for superimposed @entity731 . @entity78 exposure is difficult to quantify, because it is variable in time and exerts its deleterious effects only after prolonged presence. METHODS: In 90 dialysis @entity1 , @entity460 and @entity1391 values from the complete dialysis period were collected. From three-month averages, measures for @entity78 exposure were derived after exclusion of transplant periods. @entity78 exposure was then related to @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and to ankle-brachial index (ABI) as markers of early @entity731 . RESULTS: @entity78 exposure was quantified in three ways using 1670 @entity1 -quarters (i.e. three-months periods) covering 93% of the time on dialysis: averaged @entity78 exposure, percentage of time with above-reference values, and burden of hypercalcaemia/hyperphosphataemia represented by this percentage multiplied by months on dialysis. No association was found with @entity121 . @entity1 with increased, not decreased, ABI had higher @entity78 exposure throughout dialysis treatment: hyperphosphataemia burden was 31 (19 to 43) months for @entity1 with ABI between 0.90 and 1.40 and 79 (58 to 100) months for @entity1 with ABI >1.40 or incompressible ankle arteries (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support the hypothesis that @entity78 exposure leads to atherosclerotic changes on top of @entity4288 in @entity454 , and confirm its role in causing @entity16 leading to increased arterial stiffness and incompressible ankle arteries. The used tool for quantifying @entity78 exposure is easy to apply and can properly weigh the complete exposure during @entity454 .

title: Quantifying exposure to XXXX and @entity1391 in @entity454 ; predictive of @entity731 on top of @entity4288 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium-phosphate', 'calcium-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic damage']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia leads to media calcification and predicts mortality in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). It is debatable whether this exposure is only a risk factor for @entity4288 , or also for superimposed @entity731 . @entity78 exposure is difficult to quantify, because it is variable in time and exerts its deleterious effects only after prolonged presence. METHODS: In 90 dialysis @entity1 , @entity460 and @entity1391 values from the complete dialysis period were collected. From three-month averages, measures for @entity78 exposure were derived after exclusion of transplant periods. @entity78 exposure was then related to @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and to ankle-brachial index (ABI) as markers of early @entity731 . RESULTS: @entity78 exposure was quantified in three ways using 1670 @entity1 -quarters (i.e. three-months periods) covering 93% of the time on dialysis: averaged @entity78 exposure, percentage of time with above-reference values, and burden of hypercalcaemia/hyperphosphataemia represented by this percentage multiplied by months on dialysis. No association was found with @entity121 . @entity1 with increased, not decreased, ABI had higher @entity78 exposure throughout dialysis treatment: hyperphosphataemia burden was 31 (19 to 43) months for @entity1 with ABI between 0.90 and 1.40 and 79 (58 to 100) months for @entity1 with ABI >1.40 or incompressible ankle arteries (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support the hypothesis that @entity78 exposure leads to atherosclerotic changes on top of @entity4288 in @entity454 , and confirm its role in causing @entity16 leading to increased arterial stiffness and incompressible ankle arteries. The used tool for quantifying @entity78 exposure is easy to apply and can properly weigh the complete exposure during @entity454 .

title: Quantifying exposure to @entity460 and @entity1391 in @entity454 ; predictive of @entity731 on top of XXXX ?

answer: @entity4288 :: (MESH:D001161,Disease) :: ['arteriosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia leads to media calcification and predicts mortality in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). It is debatable whether this exposure is only a risk factor for @entity4288 , or also for superimposed @entity731 . @entity78 exposure is difficult to quantify, because it is variable in time and exerts its deleterious effects only after prolonged presence. METHODS: In 90 dialysis @entity1 , @entity460 and @entity1391 values from the complete dialysis period were collected. From three-month averages, measures for @entity78 exposure were derived after exclusion of transplant periods. @entity78 exposure was then related to @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and to ankle-brachial index (ABI) as markers of early @entity731 . RESULTS: @entity78 exposure was quantified in three ways using 1670 @entity1 -quarters (i.e. three-months periods) covering 93% of the time on dialysis: averaged @entity78 exposure, percentage of time with above-reference values, and burden of hypercalcaemia/hyperphosphataemia represented by this percentage multiplied by months on dialysis. No association was found with @entity121 . @entity1 with increased, not decreased, ABI had higher @entity78 exposure throughout dialysis treatment: hyperphosphataemia burden was 31 (19 to 43) months for @entity1 with ABI between 0.90 and 1.40 and 79 (58 to 100) months for @entity1 with ABI >1.40 or incompressible ankle arteries (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support the hypothesis that @entity78 exposure leads to atherosclerotic changes on top of @entity4288 in @entity454 , and confirm its role in causing @entity16 leading to increased arterial stiffness and incompressible ankle arteries. The used tool for quantifying @entity78 exposure is easy to apply and can properly weigh the complete exposure during @entity454 .

title: Quantifying exposure to @entity460 and @entity1391 in @entity454 ; predictive of XXXX on top of @entity4288 ?

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia leads to media calcification and predicts mortality in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). It is debatable whether this exposure is only a risk factor for @entity4288 , or also for superimposed @entity731 . @entity78 exposure is difficult to quantify, because it is variable in time and exerts its deleterious effects only after prolonged presence. METHODS: In 90 dialysis @entity1 , @entity460 and @entity1391 values from the complete dialysis period were collected. From three-month averages, measures for @entity78 exposure were derived after exclusion of transplant periods. @entity78 exposure was then related to @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and to ankle-brachial index (ABI) as markers of early @entity731 . RESULTS: @entity78 exposure was quantified in three ways using 1670 @entity1 -quarters (i.e. three-months periods) covering 93% of the time on dialysis: averaged @entity78 exposure, percentage of time with above-reference values, and burden of hypercalcaemia/hyperphosphataemia represented by this percentage multiplied by months on dialysis. No association was found with @entity121 . @entity1 with increased, not decreased, ABI had higher @entity78 exposure throughout dialysis treatment: hyperphosphataemia burden was 31 (19 to 43) months for @entity1 with ABI between 0.90 and 1.40 and 79 (58 to 100) months for @entity1 with ABI >1.40 or incompressible ankle arteries (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support the hypothesis that @entity78 exposure leads to atherosclerotic changes on top of @entity4288 in @entity454 , and confirm its role in causing @entity16 leading to increased arterial stiffness and incompressible ankle arteries. The used tool for quantifying @entity78 exposure is easy to apply and can properly weigh the complete exposure during @entity454 .

title: Quantifying exposure to @entity460 and XXXX in @entity454 ; predictive of @entity731 on top of @entity4288 ?

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia leads to media calcification and predicts mortality in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). It is debatable whether this exposure is only a risk factor for @entity4288 , or also for superimposed @entity731 . @entity78 exposure is difficult to quantify, because it is variable in time and exerts its deleterious effects only after prolonged presence. METHODS: In 90 dialysis @entity1 , @entity460 and @entity1391 values from the complete dialysis period were collected. From three-month averages, measures for @entity78 exposure were derived after exclusion of transplant periods. @entity78 exposure was then related to @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and to ankle-brachial index (ABI) as markers of early @entity731 . RESULTS: @entity78 exposure was quantified in three ways using 1670 @entity1 -quarters (i.e. three-months periods) covering 93% of the time on dialysis: averaged @entity78 exposure, percentage of time with above-reference values, and burden of hypercalcaemia/hyperphosphataemia represented by this percentage multiplied by months on dialysis. No association was found with @entity121 . @entity1 with increased, not decreased, ABI had higher @entity78 exposure throughout dialysis treatment: hyperphosphataemia burden was 31 (19 to 43) months for @entity1 with ABI between 0.90 and 1.40 and 79 (58 to 100) months for @entity1 with ABI >1.40 or incompressible ankle arteries (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support the hypothesis that @entity78 exposure leads to atherosclerotic changes on top of @entity4288 in @entity454 , and confirm its role in causing @entity16 leading to increased arterial stiffness and incompressible ankle arteries. The used tool for quantifying @entity78 exposure is easy to apply and can properly weigh the complete exposure during @entity454 .

title: Quantifying exposure to @entity460 and @entity1391 in XXXX ; predictive of @entity731 on top of @entity4288 ?

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['ESRD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vocal @entity1127 are the products of voice overuse, misuse and abuse as the most common causative factors. Treatment generally advised for them are voice therapy and Microlaryngeal Phonosurgery (MLPS). The improved or changed quality of voice is generally assessed perceptually and can cause intra rater variability. In this study we compared and analysed the acoustic characteristics before and after MLPS. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to acoustically determine the changes in voice quality of a group of @entity1 before and after the surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The following @entity1 group were studied prior to and in between 3 and 4 weeks of surgery. Altogether there were 23 @entity1 with either unilateral or bilateral vocal @entity1127 . Voice recording and analysis were performed with Dr. Speech acoustic software ( @entity7928 electronics, USA). The parameters analyzed were in terms of perturbation (Jitter and shimmer), harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR) and fundamental frequency (F0). RESULTS: The results showed that shimmer, HNR and F0 decreased significantly (p<0.05) following MLPS, but jitter though reduced, was not statistically significant (p = 0.694). CONCLUSION: The acoustic output generally improved after MLPS as evidenced by decreased values of all the four acoustic parameters. The study also stress that voice quality can be improved through the phonosurgical procedures. This multidimensional voice analysis can be very helpful in our ability to provide objective clinical analysis of voices with vocal @entity1127 , and following their surgical treatment.

title: Objective voice analysis for vocal XXXX following microlaryngeal phonosurgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: QUESTION: The objective of the study was to prospectively evaluate an algorithmic approach to the cause(s) of chronic @entity1353 . MATERIALS/ @entity1 /METHODS: Prospective observational study. The study group consisted of 123 @entity1 with a chief complaint of @entity1353 of unknown cause present for >8 weeks. Dyspnea severity scores were documented at entry and after therapy. @entity1 underwent an algorithmic approach to @entity1353 . Therapy could be instituted at any time that data supported a treatable diagnosis. Whenever possible, accuracy of diagnosis was confirmed with an improvement in @entity1353 after therapy. Tests required, spectrum and frequency of diagnoses, and the values of individual tests were determined. RESULTS: Cause(s) was(were) diagnosed in 122/123 @entity1 (99%); 97 @entity1 had one diagnosis and 25 two diagnoses. Fifty-three percent of diagnoses were respiratory and 47% were non-respiratory. Following therapy, @entity1353 improved in 63% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The prospective algorithmic approach led to diagnoses in 99% of cases. A third of @entity1 were diagnosed with each tier of the algorithm, thus minimizing the need for invasive testing. Specific diagnoses led to improvement in @entity1353 in the majority of cases. Based on the results of this study, the algorithm can be revised to further minimize unnecessary tests without loss of diagnostic accuracy.

title: An algorithmic approach to chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['dyspnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Damage to intestinal mucosa in @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) is mediated both by @entity32 due to adaptive and innate immune responses, with @entity8252 as a major mediator of the innate immune response, and by proliferation of crypt enterocytes as an early alteration of @entity1593 mucosa causing crypts @entity1373 . We have previously shown that gliadin peptide P31-43 induces proliferation of cell lines and celiac enterocytes by delaying degradation of the active @entity470 ( @entity470 ) due to delayed maturation of endocytic vesicles. @entity8252 is increased in the intestine of @entity1 affected by @entity1593 and has pleiotropic activity that ultimately results in immunoregulatory cross-talk between cells belonging to the innate and adaptive branches of the immune response. Aims of this study were to investigate the role of P31-43 in the induction of cellular proliferation and innate immune activation. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Cell proliferation was evaluated by @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) incorporation both in CaCo-2 cells and in biopsies from active @entity1593 cases and controls. We used real-time PCR to evaluate @entity8252 mRNA levels and FACS as well as ELISA and Western Blot (WB) analysis to measure protein levels and distribution in CaCo-2 cells. Gliadin and P31-43 induce a proliferation of both CaCo-2 cells and @entity1593 crypt enterocytes that is dependent on both @entity470 and @entity8252 activity. In CaCo-2 cells, P31-43 increased @entity8252 levels on the cell surface by altering intracellular trafficking. The increased @entity8252 protein was bound to IL15 receptor ( @entity44262 , did not require new protein synthesis and functioned as a growth factor. CONCLUSION: In this study, we have shown that P31-43 induces both increase of the trans-presented @entity8252 / @entity19757 complex on cell surfaces by altering the trafficking of the vesicular compartments as well as proliferation of crypt enterocytes with consequent remodelling of @entity1593 mucosa due to a cooperation of @entity8252 and @entity470 .

title: Gliadin-mediated proliferation and innate immune activation in XXXX are due to alterations in vesicular trafficking.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']