abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: We compared stone size, localization, complaint at the time of applying, comorbidity, treatment and complications between older (60 years of age and older) and younger @entity1 with @entity1791 (59 years of age and younger). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 950 consecutive @entity1 who presented to our clinic and underwent surgery for @entity1791 from January 2007 to March 2012. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: @entity1 >=  60 years an @entity1 < 60 years. RESULTS: There were 174 @entity1 and 61 @entity1 in elderly group, 528 @entity1 and 187 @entity1 in younger group. Ureteral stones were found more often in the younger group compared to elderly @entity1 (p < 0.05). Conversely, @entity3226 was more frequent in the elderly group. In the elderly group comorbidities are more frequent ( @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity741 , @entity299 , @entity571 and chronic obstructive lung). @entity1 >=  60 years significantly had larger kidney and @entity3226 compared the younger, but ureteral stone sizes were not statistically different between the two groups. Older @entity1 had a higher postoperative complication rate than younger @entity1 (16% versus 3%, p < 0.05) although @entity260 (e.g. urinary retention, @entity299 , @entity221 , @entity1142 ) were not serious and resolved with medical treatment. The average length of stay in hospital was longer in the elderly group, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly @entity1 with @entity1791 usually have larger and more complex stone disease, more comorbidities and atypical presentation.

title: Clinical presentation of XXXX in older and younger population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['bladder stone', 'bladder stones']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart disease', 'cardiac dysrythmia']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['urolithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is increasingly common in @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ), but little is known about long-term cardiovascular outcome after pregnancy in these @entity1 . We studied the incidence of @entity65 1-year postpartum and compared cardiac function prepregnancy and 1-year postpartum in @entity1 with @entity299 . METHODS: From our national, prospective multicenter cohort study, 172 @entity1 were studied. Follow-up with clinical evaluation and echocardiography and NT-proBNP measurement were performed during pregnancy and 12 months postpartum. @entity65 were defined as need for an urgent invasive cardiovascular procedure, @entity712 , @entity943 , @entity1031 events, @entity583 , @entity1167 , @entity204 , @entity884 , and @entity1580 . RESULTS: @entity65 were observed after 11 pregnancies (6.4%). @entity1 with @entity65 had significant higher NT-proBNP values at 20-week gestation (191 [137-288] vs 102.5 [57-167]; P = .049) and 1-year postpartum compared with @entity1 without @entity65 (306 [129-592] vs 105 [54-187] pg/mL; P = .014). @entity1 with @entity65 during pregnancy were at higher risk for late @entity65 (HR 7.1; 95% CI 2.0-25.3; P = .003). In @entity1 with @entity65 during pregnancy, subpulmonary end-diastolic diameter had significantly increased 1-year postpartum (39.0 [36.0-48.0] to 44.0 [40.0-50.0]; P = .028). No other significant differences were found in cardiac function or size 1-year postpartum compared with preconception values. CONCLUSIONS: @entity65 are relatively rare 1 year after pregnancy in @entity1 with @entity299 . @entity1 with @entity65 during pregnancy are prone to develop @entity65 1-year postpartum and have increased subpulmonary ventricular diameter compared with preconception values.

title: Cardiac function and cardiac events 1-year postpartum in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular events postpartum']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is increasingly common in @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ), but little is known about long-term cardiovascular outcome after pregnancy in these @entity1 . We studied the incidence of @entity65 1-year postpartum and compared cardiac function prepregnancy and 1-year postpartum in @entity1 with @entity299 . METHODS: From our national, prospective multicenter cohort study, 172 @entity1 were studied. Follow-up with clinical evaluation and echocardiography and NT-proBNP measurement were performed during pregnancy and 12 months postpartum. @entity65 were defined as need for an urgent invasive cardiovascular procedure, @entity712 , @entity943 , @entity1031 events, @entity583 , @entity1167 , @entity204 , @entity884 , and @entity1580 . RESULTS: @entity65 were observed after 11 pregnancies (6.4%). @entity1 with @entity65 had significant higher NT-proBNP values at 20-week gestation (191 [137-288] vs 102.5 [57-167]; P = .049) and 1-year postpartum compared with @entity1 without @entity65 (306 [129-592] vs 105 [54-187] pg/mL; P = .014). @entity1 with @entity65 during pregnancy were at higher risk for late @entity65 (HR 7.1; 95% CI 2.0-25.3; P = .003). In @entity1 with @entity65 during pregnancy, subpulmonary end-diastolic diameter had significantly increased 1-year postpartum (39.0 [36.0-48.0] to 44.0 [40.0-50.0]; P = .028). No other significant differences were found in cardiac function or size 1-year postpartum compared with preconception values. CONCLUSIONS: @entity65 are relatively rare 1 year after pregnancy in @entity1 with @entity299 . @entity1 with @entity65 during pregnancy are prone to develop @entity65 1-year postpartum and have increased subpulmonary ventricular diameter compared with preconception values.

title: Cardiac function and cardiac events 1-year postpartum in XXXX with @entity299 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity43895 hemimelica (DEH) is a rare disease characterized by the formation of @entity705 asymmetrically at the epiphysis of extremities, typically involving the ankle and the knee. It progresses during childhood and presents with limited range of motion, @entity4 , and @entity85 . A 9-year-old @entity1 with a 7-year history of DEH and previous @entity3681 presented with acute knee @entity158 , @entity4 , and limited range of motion. A clinical, radiographic, and literature review of this case was conducted to better describe this occurrence. On the basis of clinical and radiographic analyses, loose bodies were found to be originating from @entity7334 . Because of the @entity1 's symptoms, an exploratory arthroscopy was performed to further assess the formations, and the loose bodies were removed. After the procedure, the @entity1 's function and symptoms improved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a case that identifies a complication of DEH to be loose bodies with a clear etiology and acute progression of symptoms. The possibility of loose bodies should be considered when examining a @entity1 diagnosed with DEH with acute progression of symptoms. Level of evidence level IV, case report.

title: XXXX hemimelica of the knee: an unusual presentation with intra-articular loose bodies and literature review.

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['removal of ankle osteochondromas']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondromas']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular osteochondromas']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['angular deformities']

entities_list: @entity43895 :: ('MESH:C536393', 'Disease') :: ['Dysplasia epiphysealis']

answer: @entity43895 :: (MESH:C536393,Disease) :: ['Dysplasia epiphysealis']


abstract: Myocardial @entity4214 -201 kinetics and regional blood flow alterations were examined in a @entity235 model using 3 hours of @entity1563 and different methods of reperfusion. Group I comprised 10 @entity235 undergoing a 3 hour left anterior descending @entity432 and no reperfusion. Group II comprised seven @entity235 undergoing 3 hours of left anterior descending @entity432 and rapid reperfusion through a totally patent vessel. Group III comprised 10 @entity235 undergoing 3 hours of left anterior descending @entity432 and slow reperfusion through a residual @entity850 . All @entity235 received 1.5 mCi of @entity4214 -201 after 40 minutes of @entity1563 . During occlusion and 2 hours of reperfusion, serial hemodynamic, blood flow and myocardial @entity4214 -201 activity measurements were made. The relative @entity4214 -201 gradient (normal zone minus ischemic zone activity when initial normal activity is expressed as 100%) during left anterior descending @entity1563 was similar in all groups. Group I, 87 +/- 3%; Group II, 78 +/- 6%; Group III, 83 +/- 6% (p = NS). After 2 hours of either method of reperfusion, the final relative gradient had decreased to a similar level (Group II, 51 +/- 9%; Group III, 42 +/- 6%). These values were not significantly different from the final relative @entity4214 -201 gradient seen in @entity235 undergoing a sustained 3 hour occlusion (Group I, 55 +/- 5%). After 2 hours of reperfusion, both methods of reflow were associated with similar degrees of "no reflow." Transmural flows in the central ischemic zone were 89 +/- 10% of normal in Group II and 71 +/- 6% of normal in Group III after reperfusion, with both flows substantially higher than the relative @entity4214 -201 activities in these @entity235 . @entity1188 size (percent of left ventricle) determined with @entity5045 was similar in all groups (Group I, 24 +/- 4%; Group II, 29 +/- 4%; Group III, 25 +/- 4%). Thus, in this experimental @entity235 model, 3 hours of @entity1563 followed by either rapid reperfusion through a totally patent vessel or slow reperfusion through a critical @entity850 resulted in little delayed @entity4214 -201 redistribution or myocardial salvage as assessed histologically, despite significant recovery of regional flow.

title: Myocardial XXXX -201 kinetics and regional flow alterations with 3 hours of @entity1563 and either rapid reperfusion through a totally patent vessel or slow reperfusion through a critical @entity850 .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity4214 :: (MESH:D013793,Chemical) :: ['thallium']


abstract: Myocardial @entity4214 -201 kinetics and regional blood flow alterations were examined in a @entity235 model using 3 hours of @entity1563 and different methods of reperfusion. Group I comprised 10 @entity235 undergoing a 3 hour left anterior descending @entity432 and no reperfusion. Group II comprised seven @entity235 undergoing 3 hours of left anterior descending @entity432 and rapid reperfusion through a totally patent vessel. Group III comprised 10 @entity235 undergoing 3 hours of left anterior descending @entity432 and slow reperfusion through a residual @entity850 . All @entity235 received 1.5 mCi of @entity4214 -201 after 40 minutes of @entity1563 . During occlusion and 2 hours of reperfusion, serial hemodynamic, blood flow and myocardial @entity4214 -201 activity measurements were made. The relative @entity4214 -201 gradient (normal zone minus ischemic zone activity when initial normal activity is expressed as 100%) during left anterior descending @entity1563 was similar in all groups. Group I, 87 +/- 3%; Group II, 78 +/- 6%; Group III, 83 +/- 6% (p = NS). After 2 hours of either method of reperfusion, the final relative gradient had decreased to a similar level (Group II, 51 +/- 9%; Group III, 42 +/- 6%). These values were not significantly different from the final relative @entity4214 -201 gradient seen in @entity235 undergoing a sustained 3 hour occlusion (Group I, 55 +/- 5%). After 2 hours of reperfusion, both methods of reflow were associated with similar degrees of "no reflow." Transmural flows in the central ischemic zone were 89 +/- 10% of normal in Group II and 71 +/- 6% of normal in Group III after reperfusion, with both flows substantially higher than the relative @entity4214 -201 activities in these @entity235 . @entity1188 size (percent of left ventricle) determined with @entity5045 was similar in all groups (Group I, 24 +/- 4%; Group II, 29 +/- 4%; Group III, 25 +/- 4%). Thus, in this experimental @entity235 model, 3 hours of @entity1563 followed by either rapid reperfusion through a totally patent vessel or slow reperfusion through a critical @entity850 resulted in little delayed @entity4214 -201 redistribution or myocardial salvage as assessed histologically, despite significant recovery of regional flow.

title: Myocardial @entity4214 -201 kinetics and regional flow alterations with 3 hours of @entity1563 and either rapid reperfusion through a totally patent vessel or slow reperfusion through a critical XXXX .

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: Myocardial @entity4214 -201 kinetics and regional blood flow alterations were examined in a @entity235 model using 3 hours of @entity1563 and different methods of reperfusion. Group I comprised 10 @entity235 undergoing a 3 hour left anterior descending @entity432 and no reperfusion. Group II comprised seven @entity235 undergoing 3 hours of left anterior descending @entity432 and rapid reperfusion through a totally patent vessel. Group III comprised 10 @entity235 undergoing 3 hours of left anterior descending @entity432 and slow reperfusion through a residual @entity850 . All @entity235 received 1.5 mCi of @entity4214 -201 after 40 minutes of @entity1563 . During occlusion and 2 hours of reperfusion, serial hemodynamic, blood flow and myocardial @entity4214 -201 activity measurements were made. The relative @entity4214 -201 gradient (normal zone minus ischemic zone activity when initial normal activity is expressed as 100%) during left anterior descending @entity1563 was similar in all groups. Group I, 87 +/- 3%; Group II, 78 +/- 6%; Group III, 83 +/- 6% (p = NS). After 2 hours of either method of reperfusion, the final relative gradient had decreased to a similar level (Group II, 51 +/- 9%; Group III, 42 +/- 6%). These values were not significantly different from the final relative @entity4214 -201 gradient seen in @entity235 undergoing a sustained 3 hour occlusion (Group I, 55 +/- 5%). After 2 hours of reperfusion, both methods of reflow were associated with similar degrees of "no reflow." Transmural flows in the central ischemic zone were 89 +/- 10% of normal in Group II and 71 +/- 6% of normal in Group III after reperfusion, with both flows substantially higher than the relative @entity4214 -201 activities in these @entity235 . @entity1188 size (percent of left ventricle) determined with @entity5045 was similar in all groups (Group I, 24 +/- 4%; Group II, 29 +/- 4%; Group III, 25 +/- 4%). Thus, in this experimental @entity235 model, 3 hours of @entity1563 followed by either rapid reperfusion through a totally patent vessel or slow reperfusion through a critical @entity850 resulted in little delayed @entity4214 -201 redistribution or myocardial salvage as assessed histologically, despite significant recovery of regional flow.

title: Myocardial @entity4214 -201 kinetics and regional flow alterations with 3 hours of XXXX and either rapid reperfusion through a totally patent vessel or slow reperfusion through a critical @entity850 .

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary occlusion']


abstract: The usefulness of end-systolic measures of ventricular function was compared with that of standard contractility indexes in conscious @entity235 . End-systolic relations between left ventricular pressure and volume and between pressure and wall thickness were analyzed in @entity235 previously instrumented with ultrasonic crystals. Progressive angiotensin infusions were used to generate computer-averaged pressure-volume and pressure-wall thickness loops. Both relations were linear in every study and highly reproducible. With low and high dose @entity452 , the end-systolic pressure-volume relations were significantly displaced, with @entity101 and inconsistent changes in intercept. This relation was more useful than the ejection fraction for detecting contractility increases at different afterloads, but it showed no advantage over maximal left ventricular dP/dt at all ranges of preload and afterload. The end-systolic pressure-volume relations were insensitive for detecting mild decreases in inotropic state produced by @entity1169 , and maximal dP/dt was superior for detecting such mild acutely reduced contractility. The end-systolic pressure-wall thickness relations showed displacement with @entity452 , although slope and intercept changes were not significant; these relations did not detect mild decreases in contractility produced by @entity1169 . It is concluded that the end-systolic pressure-volume relation and a simplified end-systolic measure using pressure and wall thickness provide sensitive, load-independent and reproducible approaches for defining acute increases in left ventricular contractility in conscious animals. Maximal dP/dt was equally effective for defining these increases in contractility and more sensitive for detecting slight acute decreases in contractility.

title: Application of end-systolic pressure-volume and pressure-wall thickness relations in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased slope']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Matriptase-1 participates in terminal keratinocyte (KC) differentiation. Knockdown of matriptase-1 in skin equivalent cultures leads to impaired KC differentiation and retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum. Here, we investigated the expression and regulation of matriptase-1 in psoriatic skin and in KC in vitro. @entity1 AND METHODS: Matriptase-1 expression in healthy and psoriatic skin and its regulation in skin equivalents were analyzed by Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, and activity assays. Involvement of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) signaling pathway was investigated by adenoviral overexpression of a dominant-negative form of @entity15955 . RESULTS: Matriptase-1 expression was detected in the stratum granulosum of healthy @entity1 skin and in skin equivalent cultures. Its expression and activity was strongly reduced in lesional skin of @entity1 with @entity1569 . Addition of @entity310 to skin equivalent cultures resulted in complete loss of matriptase-1 expression accompanied by disturbed KC differentiation. Mechanistically, we were able to show that @entity310 -induced downregulation of matriptase-1 was inhibited by blocking the @entity15955 /NFkB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Given that matriptase-1 participates in terminal KC differentiation, its absence in @entity272 indicates that this contributes to the barrier disturbances in this disease. Our data suggests that blocking the @entity15955 /NFkB-pathway represents a potential target for the treatment of @entity1569 .

title: Matriptase-1 expression is lost in @entity272 and is downregulated by XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic skin lesions']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNFa']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Matriptase-1 participates in terminal keratinocyte (KC) differentiation. Knockdown of matriptase-1 in skin equivalent cultures leads to impaired KC differentiation and retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum. Here, we investigated the expression and regulation of matriptase-1 in psoriatic skin and in KC in vitro. @entity1 AND METHODS: Matriptase-1 expression in healthy and psoriatic skin and its regulation in skin equivalents were analyzed by Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, and activity assays. Involvement of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) signaling pathway was investigated by adenoviral overexpression of a dominant-negative form of @entity15955 . RESULTS: Matriptase-1 expression was detected in the stratum granulosum of healthy @entity1 skin and in skin equivalent cultures. Its expression and activity was strongly reduced in lesional skin of @entity1 with @entity1569 . Addition of @entity310 to skin equivalent cultures resulted in complete loss of matriptase-1 expression accompanied by disturbed KC differentiation. Mechanistically, we were able to show that @entity310 -induced downregulation of matriptase-1 was inhibited by blocking the @entity15955 /NFkB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Given that matriptase-1 participates in terminal KC differentiation, its absence in @entity272 indicates that this contributes to the barrier disturbances in this disease. Our data suggests that blocking the @entity15955 /NFkB-pathway represents a potential target for the treatment of @entity1569 .

title: Matriptase-1 expression is lost in XXXX and is downregulated by @entity310 in vitro.

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['psoriatic skin lesions']


abstract: @entity566 may be the source of a variety of clinical symptoms. With regard to indoor air, however, the subject will be limited to @entity566 . These are diseases which are caused and supported by allergens entering the @entity1 organism via the respiratory pathway. The fundamentals of the origin of @entity566 are briefly discussed as well as the antigen-antibody reaction and the differentiation between different @entity56 (Types I and II). In addition, the importance of repetitive infects of the upper respiratory tract for the occurrence of @entity566 of the respiratory system is pointed out. The most common @entity566 develop at the mucosae of the nose ( @entity2023 ) and of the bronchiale ( @entity56 bronchiale). Their symptomatology is discussed. Out of the allergologically interesting components of indoor air the following are to be considered primarily: house dust, components of house dust (house dust mite, trogoderma angustum, tenebrio molitor), epithelia of animals, animal feeds, mildew and occupational substances. Unspecific irritants (chimico-physical irritations) which are not acting as allergens, have to be clearly separated from these most frequent allergens. As a possibility of treatment for the therapeutist and the @entity1 , there is the allergen prophylaxis, i.e. an extensive sanitation of the @entity1 's environment including elimination of the allergens and, in addition, an amelioration of the quality of the air with regard to unspecific irritants. To conclude, some socio-medical aspects of @entity1576 are discussed.

title: [Indoor air and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Allergies', 'inhalative allergies', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Back @entity158 in a pediatric @entity1 can present a worrisome and challenging diagnostic dilemma for any physician. Although most @entity615 can be attributed to muscle strains and poor mechanics, it is necessary to appreciate the full differential of etiologies causing @entity615 in the pediatric population. The physician must recognize areas of mechanical weakness in the skeletally immature spine and the sport specific forces that can predispose a @entity1 to injury. A comprehensive history involves determining the onset, chronicity, and location of the @entity158 . A focused physical exam includes a neurological exam as well as provocative testing. The combination of a thorough history and focused physical exam should guide appropriate imaging. Radiographic tests are instrumental in narrowing the differential, making a diagnosis, and uncovering associated pathology. Treatment modalities such as activity modification, heat/cold compresses, and NSAIDs can provide @entity158 relief and allow for effective physical therapy. In most cases nonoperative methods are successful in providing a safe and quick return to activities. Failure of conservative measures requires referral to an orthopedic surgeon, as surgical intervention may be warranted.

title: XXXX : more than just the pars.

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['Approach to the pediatric athlete with back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Single-center studies have estimated that 4.6% to 25.8% of @entity356 are missed at endoscopy. We performed a population-based study to make a more precise estimate of factors associated with missed lesions in England. METHODS: We performed a retrospective population-based observational cohort study of 2727 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity356 from April 2011 through March 2012 in England, using linked records from 3 national data sets. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 who had undergone endoscopy in the 3 to 36 months before a diagnosis of @entity356 . We determined this proportion for the entire cohort and for subgroups. RESULTS: Of the 2727 @entity1 in the cohort, 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%-9.3%) underwent endoscopic evaluation in the 3 to 36 months before their diagnosis of @entity356 . An endoscopy within 3 to 36 months of diagnosis was associated with a diagnosis of early stage @entity5 (stages 0 or 1, 11.5%; stage 2, 7.9%; stages 3 or 4, 6.9%; P  = .01 for stage 0 or 1 vs stage 2 or greater), younger age at diagnosis (<55 y, 13.3% vs >= 55 y, 7.8%; P  = .03), and female sex (10% of @entity1 vs 7.3% of @entity1 ; P  = .01). @entity2275 were detected in 15% of endoscopies performed at any time in the 3 years before @entity5 diagnosis, and in 64% of endoscopies performed 3 to 6 months before a diagnosis of @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on a retrospective analysis of medical records in England, in 8.3% of @entity1 with @entity356 , their @entity5 was missed at endoscopy within the 3 previous years. A previous endoscopy detected benign gastric ulcers more frequently than any other lesion in @entity1 who later were diagnosed with @entity356 .

title: XXXX Missed During Endoscopy in England.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated if prebiotics have benefits for the management of @entity3638 in preterm neonates. METHODS: Preterm neonates were entered into the study when enteral feeding volume met 30   mL/kg/day. They randomly received a mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosacarids/long-chain fructo-oligosacarids or distilled water (placebo) for 1 week. Total serum @entity648 level was measured by transcutaneous bilirubinometry. Stool frequency and meeting full enteral feeding during the study period were considered as secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-five neonates in each group completed the trial. @entity648 level was decreased with the prebiotic (-1.3           1.8   mg/dL, p   =   0.004), but not placebo (-0.1        3.3   mg/dL, p   =   0.416). Peak @entity648 level was lower with the prebiotic than placebo (8.3        1.7 versus 10.1        2.2   mg/dL, p   =   0.003). Stool frequency was increased with the prebiotic (0.7        1.9 defecation/day, p   =   0.014), but not with placebo (0.6           1.5 defecation/day, p   =   0.133). Average stool frequency (2.4           0.4 versus 1.9        0.5 defecation/day, p   =   0.003) and frequently of meeting full enteral feeding (60% versus 16%, p   =   0.002) were higher with the prebiotic than placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Prebiotic oligosaccharides increase stool frequency, improve feeding tolerance and reduce @entity648 level in preterm neonates and therefore can be efficacious for the management of neonatal @entity3638 .

title: Prebiotics for the management of XXXX in preterm neonates.

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin', 'Bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity3638 :: (MESH:D006932,Disease) :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: the impact of the 2007 American Heart Association @entity884 prophylaxis guidelines on clinician practice has not been well established. Our objective was to evaluate how the American Heart Association @entity884 guidelines changed the practice of cardiologists who manage @entity299 and to ascertain the degree of practice variation among cardiologists. METHODS: a cross-sectional Web-based survey was e-mailed to Canadian (n = 134), Australian (n = 33), New Zealand (n = 9), and a random sample of American (n = 250) pediatric and adult @entity299 cardiologists in 2008. Nonrespondents received the survey 4 times by e-mail and once by regular post. RESULTS: the response rate was 55%. The lesions for which cardiologists were most evenly divided between recommending versus not recommending prophylaxis were " @entity4794 of moderate severity" (45% recommended prophylaxis) and "perimembranous @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) status post surgical patch closure with no residual shunt 3 months post-operatively" (54% recommended prophylaxis). The lesions for which the greatest proportion of cardiologists discontinued prophylaxis were "small muscular @entity1757 , no previous @entity884 " (80% discontinued prophylaxis) and "small audible patent ductus arteriosus" (83% discontinued prophylaxis). Only 69% recommended prophylaxis for " @entity1757 s/p surgical patch closure with small residual shunt" despite current guidelines recommending prophylaxis for this scenario. Twenty-eight percent of respondents felt that the new guidelines leave some @entity1 at risk, and 6% would not recounsel any low-risk @entity1 following these guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: the 2007 guidelines have resulted in a substantial change in @entity884 prophylaxis. There remains considerable heterogeneity among cardiologists regarding the prophylaxis of certain @entity299 .

title: The impact of 2007 XXXX prophylaxis guidelines on the practice of @entity299 specialists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesions', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: the impact of the 2007 American Heart Association @entity884 prophylaxis guidelines on clinician practice has not been well established. Our objective was to evaluate how the American Heart Association @entity884 guidelines changed the practice of cardiologists who manage @entity299 and to ascertain the degree of practice variation among cardiologists. METHODS: a cross-sectional Web-based survey was e-mailed to Canadian (n = 134), Australian (n = 33), New Zealand (n = 9), and a random sample of American (n = 250) pediatric and adult @entity299 cardiologists in 2008. Nonrespondents received the survey 4 times by e-mail and once by regular post. RESULTS: the response rate was 55%. The lesions for which cardiologists were most evenly divided between recommending versus not recommending prophylaxis were " @entity4794 of moderate severity" (45% recommended prophylaxis) and "perimembranous @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) status post surgical patch closure with no residual shunt 3 months post-operatively" (54% recommended prophylaxis). The lesions for which the greatest proportion of cardiologists discontinued prophylaxis were "small muscular @entity1757 , no previous @entity884 " (80% discontinued prophylaxis) and "small audible patent ductus arteriosus" (83% discontinued prophylaxis). Only 69% recommended prophylaxis for " @entity1757 s/p surgical patch closure with small residual shunt" despite current guidelines recommending prophylaxis for this scenario. Twenty-eight percent of respondents felt that the new guidelines leave some @entity1 at risk, and 6% would not recounsel any low-risk @entity1 following these guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: the 2007 guidelines have resulted in a substantial change in @entity884 prophylaxis. There remains considerable heterogeneity among cardiologists regarding the prophylaxis of certain @entity299 .

title: The impact of 2007 @entity884 prophylaxis guidelines on the practice of XXXX specialists.

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the suitability of the Wii Fit Plus exergame as a tool to improve @entity410 in individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 . DESIGN: Experimental cross-sectional study. SETTING: Controlled laboratory. @entity1 : Twelve @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 (10 male and 2 female; age, 60.2    7.7 years; body mass index, 30.9    6.2 kg/m). INTERVENTIONS: At baseline, all @entity1 underwent an all-out cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill to assess peak and average @entity26 consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak and V[Combining Dot Above]O2mean). Forty-eight to 72 hours after the cardiopulmonary exercise test, the same parameters were assessed during three 10-minute bouts of Wii Fit Plus exergaming and converted to percentage of treadmill V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak (%V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak and V[Combining Dot Above]O2mean during Wii Fit Plus play relative to V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak achieved during the cardiopulmonary exercise test. RESULTS: All Wii Fit Plus exercises generated a V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak of around 60% and V[Combining Dot Above]O2mean of around 40% of the V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak as established during the cardiopulmonary exercise test. Mean heart rate and resting energy expenditure (respiratory exchange ratio) lay in a range of moderate aerobic exercise. A moderate-to-strong correlation between treadmill V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak and both exergame V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak and exergame V[Combining Dot Above]O2mean was found. CONCLUSIONS: Video gaming has the potential to offer training intensities that concur with established guidelines for @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . The training intensity is self-adjusting based on fitness level allowing for an effective workout for different users.

title: Cardiorespiratory Exertion While Playing Video Game Exercises in Elderly Individuals With Type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To clarify clinical picture of transient @entity2045 state in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: The Aizawa Hospital database was searched to identify all @entity1 with transient @entity2045 state with or without asterixis between April 2006 and June 2013. Medical records, brain images and laboratory data including electroencephalograms and electromyograms were reviewed. RESULTS: We found 26 @entity1 : 10 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 , and their ages ranged from 56 to 96 years (79.7  9.9 years, mean  standard deviation). The affected sites of the @entity2045 were predominantly the lower face, neck and upper extremities. The @entity2045 appeared at conscious resting condition, slightly exaggerated by posturing or action. Asterixis was observed in eight @entity1 . @entity36890 were 1.70  0.94s long. The interval of @entity36890 was 4.47  2.44s. @entity36890 were composed of 9.5  2.5Hz @entity2472 , and single @entity2472 were 44.4  12.3ms in duration. Most of the @entity1 suffered from @entity102 , but they were basically independent in activity of daily living. Oral administration of @entity2053 was effective. CONCLUSIONS: Transient @entity2045 state has relatively stereotyped features. The pathophysiology may include some @entity209 on a background of age-related arteriosclerotic changes. Its prognosis is benign, and prompt oral administration of @entity2053 abolishes it. Further investigations will be needed to clarify its cause and pathophysiology.

title: Clinical characteristics and etiology of transient XXXX state in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic', 'myoclonus', 'myoclonic jerks']

entities_list: @entity36890 :: ('MESH:C562695', 'Disease') :: ['Single myoclonic bursts', 'myoclonic bursts']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic contractions']

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['myoclonic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: This randomized double-blind in vivo pilot study has evaluated the effects of a toothpaste containing @entity1388 (control) versus toothpaste containing @entity1388 , @entity14789 , @entity4410 and essential oils (experimental) in controlling @entity2413 and @entity548 on probing in a sample of healthy schoolchildren. Method and Materials: In total, 48 @entity1 (8 to 10 years) were selected and randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control), using the two different toothpastes twice a day for 2 minutes each for a 4-week period. The investigation included an evaluation of plaque quantity, using the Turesky modified Quigley-Hein method, and @entity548 on probing that was recorded dichotomously. The unit of analysis was set at the gingival site level. Plaque Index and @entity548 on probing were analyzed using distribution tables and chi-square test. A generalized estimating equation was used to estimate the parameters of a generalized linear model with a possible unknown correlation between outcomes. Results: In total, 40 schoolchildren completed the trial. Considering each group separately, a statistically significant difference in plaque scores was recorded for both treatments (z-test = 9.23, P < .01 for the experimental toothpaste; and z-test = 7.47, P < .01 for the control toothpaste). Nevertheless, the effect over time was higher for the experimental toothpaste than for the control one (3.38 vs 1.96). No statistically significant results were observed regarding @entity548 on probing. Conclusion: The 4-week use of the experimental toothpaste seems to produce higher plaque reduction compared to fluoridated toothpaste without other antibacterial ingredients. This finding has to be confirmed in a larger study.

title: Effect of a toothpaste containing XXXX , @entity4410 , and essential oils on gingival status in schoolchildren: A randomized clinical pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['supragingival dental plaque']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity14789 :: ('MESH:D014260', 'Chemical') :: ['triclosan']

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity14789 :: (MESH:D014260,Chemical) :: ['triclosan']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: This randomized double-blind in vivo pilot study has evaluated the effects of a toothpaste containing @entity1388 (control) versus toothpaste containing @entity1388 , @entity14789 , @entity4410 and essential oils (experimental) in controlling @entity2413 and @entity548 on probing in a sample of healthy schoolchildren. Method and Materials: In total, 48 @entity1 (8 to 10 years) were selected and randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control), using the two different toothpastes twice a day for 2 minutes each for a 4-week period. The investigation included an evaluation of plaque quantity, using the Turesky modified Quigley-Hein method, and @entity548 on probing that was recorded dichotomously. The unit of analysis was set at the gingival site level. Plaque Index and @entity548 on probing were analyzed using distribution tables and chi-square test. A generalized estimating equation was used to estimate the parameters of a generalized linear model with a possible unknown correlation between outcomes. Results: In total, 40 schoolchildren completed the trial. Considering each group separately, a statistically significant difference in plaque scores was recorded for both treatments (z-test = 9.23, P < .01 for the experimental toothpaste; and z-test = 7.47, P < .01 for the control toothpaste). Nevertheless, the effect over time was higher for the experimental toothpaste than for the control one (3.38 vs 1.96). No statistically significant results were observed regarding @entity548 on probing. Conclusion: The 4-week use of the experimental toothpaste seems to produce higher plaque reduction compared to fluoridated toothpaste without other antibacterial ingredients. This finding has to be confirmed in a larger study.

title: Effect of a toothpaste containing @entity14789 , XXXX , and essential oils on gingival status in schoolchildren: A randomized clinical pilot study.

answer: @entity4410 :: (MESH:D002594,Chemical) :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']


abstract: Although information is available on the in vitro properties of lens epithelia of young adult animals from several species, few, if any reports document the conditions required for the initiation and long-term culture of lens epithelium from animals beyond their medium life-span. We report here on the conditions required for the culture of lens cells from an 8 year old @entity95 . New Zealand White @entity95 have a median life-span of approximately 7 years. Primary culture was initiated in MEM supplemented with 10% rabbit serum. Cells reached confluency within 25 days, responded to serum in a dose dependent manner and had an average doubling time of 23 h during the logarithmic growth phase. Cells increased in number in a dose dependent manner when insulin, insulin growth factor, @entity25812 ( @entity25812 ), or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) was added to the culture medium. Thus, lens epithelia from this very old @entity95 retained the ability to respond to highly purified growth factors. Cells exposed to a medium supplemented with insulin, @entity25812 and FGF showed a five-fold increase in number at day 7 of culture, a value exceeding that brought about by the individual growth factors. An examination of chromosomal preparations indicated that the cells were aneuploid. Whether the aneuploidy was acquired in vitro or is a normal adjunct of aging in the lens in vivo is unknown. Proteins extracted from this line contained polypeptides that migrated to the position of and had apparent molecular weights of lens proteins.

title: Establishment and characterization of a lens epithelial cell line from an eight year old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'rabbits']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity102 are often associated with dry skin and loss of epidermal barrier integrity. In this study, repeated application of @entity1324 and @entity4543 followed by water (AEW) to the cheek skin of @entity19 produced persistent scratching behavior with no increase in @entity158 , indicating the generation of itch without @entity158 . Cheek skin immunohistochemistry showed a 64.5% increase in total epidermal innervation in AEW-treated @entity19 compared to water-treated controls. This increase was independent of scratching, because @entity19 prevented from scratching by Elizabethan collars showed similar hyperinnervation. To determine the effects of dry skin treatment on specific subsets of peripheral fibers, we examined Ret-positive, @entity12819 ( @entity12819 )-positive, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor a3 ( @entity7519 )-positive intraepidermal fiber density. AEW treatment increased Ret-positive fibers but not @entity12819 -positive or @entity7519 -positive fibers, suggesting that a specific subset of nonpeptidergic fibers could contribute to dry skin itch. To test whether trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the cheek exhibited altered excitability after AEW treatment, primary cultures of retrogradely labeled neurons were examined using whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology. AEW treatment produced no differences in measures of excitability compared to water-treated controls. In contrast, a significantly higher proportion of trigeminal ganglion neurons was responsive to the nonhistaminergic pruritogen @entity503 after AEW treatment. We conclude that nonpeptidergic, Ret-positive fibers and @entity503 -sensitive neurons may contribute to dry skin @entity111 . PERSPECTIVE: This study examines the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of persistent dry skin itch. Our results indicate that nonpeptidergic epidermal hyperinnervation and nonhistaminergic pruritic receptors are potential targets for chronic @entity111 .

title: Enhanced nonpeptidergic intraepidermal fiber density and an expanded subset of XXXX -responsive trigeminal neurons in a @entity19 model of dry skin itch.

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pruritic conditions']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain-related forelimb wiping']

entities_list: @entity12819 :: ('12310(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

answer: @entity503 :: (MESH:D002738,Chemical) :: ['chloroquine']


abstract: @entity102 are often associated with dry skin and loss of epidermal barrier integrity. In this study, repeated application of @entity1324 and @entity4543 followed by water (AEW) to the cheek skin of @entity19 produced persistent scratching behavior with no increase in @entity158 , indicating the generation of itch without @entity158 . Cheek skin immunohistochemistry showed a 64.5% increase in total epidermal innervation in AEW-treated @entity19 compared to water-treated controls. This increase was independent of scratching, because @entity19 prevented from scratching by Elizabethan collars showed similar hyperinnervation. To determine the effects of dry skin treatment on specific subsets of peripheral fibers, we examined Ret-positive, @entity12819 ( @entity12819 )-positive, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor a3 ( @entity7519 )-positive intraepidermal fiber density. AEW treatment increased Ret-positive fibers but not @entity12819 -positive or @entity7519 -positive fibers, suggesting that a specific subset of nonpeptidergic fibers could contribute to dry skin itch. To test whether trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the cheek exhibited altered excitability after AEW treatment, primary cultures of retrogradely labeled neurons were examined using whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology. AEW treatment produced no differences in measures of excitability compared to water-treated controls. In contrast, a significantly higher proportion of trigeminal ganglion neurons was responsive to the nonhistaminergic pruritogen @entity503 after AEW treatment. We conclude that nonpeptidergic, Ret-positive fibers and @entity503 -sensitive neurons may contribute to dry skin @entity111 . PERSPECTIVE: This study examines the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of persistent dry skin itch. Our results indicate that nonpeptidergic epidermal hyperinnervation and nonhistaminergic pruritic receptors are potential targets for chronic @entity111 .

title: Enhanced nonpeptidergic intraepidermal fiber density and an expanded subset of @entity503 -responsive trigeminal neurons in a XXXX model of dry skin itch.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the the efficacy of oral @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) in prevention of acute radiation-induced @entity2910 in @entity1 with @entity2 and determine the predictive role of clinical and dosimetric parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2 were studied prospectively. Sixteen @entity1 (50%) received prophylactic powdered @entity7647 orally in doses of 10g/8h. @entity1 were treated 2 Gy per fraction daily, 5 days a week. We evaluated the grading of @entity2910 daily at the end of each fraction of each treatment day until a cumulative dose of 50 Gy was reached. The primary end point was radiation-induced @entity2910 . RESULTS: All @entity1 tolerated @entity7647 well. @entity137 grade, @entity353 , serum cytokine levels and esophageal transit times exhibited statistically significant improvement in the @entity7647 receiving group. @entity7647 suppressed the inflammation related to the disease and treatment and reduced @entity137 with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a benefical role of oral @entity7647 use in prevention and/or delay of radiation-induced @entity2910 , in terms of esophageal transit time and serum immunological parameters, as well as @entity353 .

title: Oral @entity1160 Supplementation Reduces Radiotherapy- induced @entity2910 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the the efficacy of oral @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) in prevention of acute radiation-induced @entity2910 in @entity1 with @entity2 and determine the predictive role of clinical and dosimetric parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2 were studied prospectively. Sixteen @entity1 (50%) received prophylactic powdered @entity7647 orally in doses of 10g/8h. @entity1 were treated 2 Gy per fraction daily, 5 days a week. We evaluated the grading of @entity2910 daily at the end of each fraction of each treatment day until a cumulative dose of 50 Gy was reached. The primary end point was radiation-induced @entity2910 . RESULTS: All @entity1 tolerated @entity7647 well. @entity137 grade, @entity353 , serum cytokine levels and esophageal transit times exhibited statistically significant improvement in the @entity7647 receiving group. @entity7647 suppressed the inflammation related to the disease and treatment and reduced @entity137 with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a benefical role of oral @entity7647 use in prevention and/or delay of radiation-induced @entity2910 , in terms of esophageal transit time and serum immunological parameters, as well as @entity353 .

title: Oral @entity1160 Supplementation Reduces Radiotherapy- induced XXXX in @entity2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity2910 :: (MESH:D004941,Disease) :: ['Esophagitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the the efficacy of oral @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) in prevention of acute radiation-induced @entity2910 in @entity1 with @entity2 and determine the predictive role of clinical and dosimetric parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2 were studied prospectively. Sixteen @entity1 (50%) received prophylactic powdered @entity7647 orally in doses of 10g/8h. @entity1 were treated 2 Gy per fraction daily, 5 days a week. We evaluated the grading of @entity2910 daily at the end of each fraction of each treatment day until a cumulative dose of 50 Gy was reached. The primary end point was radiation-induced @entity2910 . RESULTS: All @entity1 tolerated @entity7647 well. @entity137 grade, @entity353 , serum cytokine levels and esophageal transit times exhibited statistically significant improvement in the @entity7647 receiving group. @entity7647 suppressed the inflammation related to the disease and treatment and reduced @entity137 with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a benefical role of oral @entity7647 use in prevention and/or delay of radiation-induced @entity2910 , in terms of esophageal transit time and serum immunological parameters, as well as @entity353 .

title: Oral XXXX Supplementation Reduces Radiotherapy- induced @entity2910 in @entity2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity1160 :: (CHEBI:28300,Chemical) :: ['Glutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the the efficacy of oral @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) in prevention of acute radiation-induced @entity2910 in @entity1 with @entity2 and determine the predictive role of clinical and dosimetric parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2 were studied prospectively. Sixteen @entity1 (50%) received prophylactic powdered @entity7647 orally in doses of 10g/8h. @entity1 were treated 2 Gy per fraction daily, 5 days a week. We evaluated the grading of @entity2910 daily at the end of each fraction of each treatment day until a cumulative dose of 50 Gy was reached. The primary end point was radiation-induced @entity2910 . RESULTS: All @entity1 tolerated @entity7647 well. @entity137 grade, @entity353 , serum cytokine levels and esophageal transit times exhibited statistically significant improvement in the @entity7647 receiving group. @entity7647 suppressed the inflammation related to the disease and treatment and reduced @entity137 with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a benefical role of oral @entity7647 use in prevention and/or delay of radiation-induced @entity2910 , in terms of esophageal transit time and serum immunological parameters, as well as @entity353 .

title: Oral @entity1160 Supplementation Reduces Radiotherapy- induced @entity2910 in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate if @entity6677 ( @entity6677 ) exposes neonates delivered after 34 weeks to an increased risk of severe @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ). METHODS: Data from 3,237 @entity1 who delivered after 34 weeks with systematic screening for @entity6677 were analyzed. Diagnosis of severe @entity1576 required the association of clinical and radiological criteria with a minimum of 24 h of ventilation and admission to neonatal intensive care unit. RESULTS: A total of 166 (5.1%) cases of @entity6677 were identified. Severe @entity1576 was diagnosed in 7 (4.21%) cases among @entity1 with @entity6677 as compared to 13 (0.42%) in others (p < 0.001). The rate of severe @entity1576 was also significantly higher in cases of @entity3465 (p < 0.001), @entity1592 (p < 0.001), and cesarean section (p = 0.005). After adjustment for these variables, @entity6677 was identified as an independent risk factor for @entity1576 (AOR 11.55, 95% CI 3.9-33.9, p < 0.001). Two other risk factors were also identified: late @entity3152 (AOR 6.13, 95% CI 1.8-21.2, p = 0.004); and hypotrophy (AOR 9.16, 95% CI 2.7-30.5, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6677 is an independent risk factor for severe @entity1576 after 34 weeks. Neonates from such pregnancies should be monitored carefully.

title: Gestational diabetes: a strong independent risk factor for severe XXXX after 34 weeks.

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes', 'GD']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['fetal growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal respiratory failure', 'NRF']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['neonatal respiratory failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to document the experience of a single center on the reproductive outcome of a cohort of @entity1 who were treated with conservative surgery for @entity43 and to specify whether their fertility potential is associated with age, @entity5 histology and surgery type. METHODS: A total of 55 @entity1 who had undergone conservative surgery for @entity43 between January 1999 and January 2009 were eligible. Recurrence rate, fertility outcome and the number of pregnancies were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among the study group, 11 @entity1 were not sexually active both at the time of surgery and during the follow-up period. Thus, a total of 44 @entity1 attempted pregnancy after conservative surgery and 52.3% of them (23 out of 44) were able to conceive either spontaneously or by in vitro fertilization. The ability to conceive was shown to be associated with age, @entity5 histology and type of conservative surgery. As expected, the fertility potential correlated positively with decreasing age (correlation coefficient = 0.705, p = 0.001). Moreover, the existence of non-serous histology and the implementation of unilateral cystectomy were found to be associated with the ability to reach a clinical pregnancy (correlation coefficient = 0.585, p = 0.001 and correlation coefficient = 0.587, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The primary treatment of @entity43 refers to conservative surgery. Younger age, non-serous histology and unilateral cystectomy appear to be associated with favorable reproductive outcome in @entity1 who undergo conservative surgery for borderline @entity5 of ovary.

title: Fertility outcome after conservative surgery for XXXX : a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['borderline ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['borderline ovarian tumors']


abstract: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) are clinically and pathologically distinct and both are locally invasive. However, while @entity1491 rarely metastasise, @entity957 have the potential to do so especially when they arise on the ears or lips. UV radiation is the most important risk factor for @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ). The @entity5 most commonly arise in fair-skinned individuals on sun-damaged skin, especially the face. Incidence rises with age. @entity1 with one @entity1489 have a higher risk of developing another @entity1489 and of @entity320 . @entity957 are frequently more difficult to diagnose than @entity1491 . Well differentiated lesions have a pronounced keratotic element. Poorly differentiated @entity957 tend to be pink or red papules or nodules, lacking keratin, which may ulcerate. Around 5% of @entity957 metastasise. High-risk @entity957 include those: on the ear, lip, or sites unexposed to the sun and in chronic @entity1066 , scars or @entity1490 . @entity957 > 20 mm in diameter or > 4 mm in depth are high risk. @entity1 who are immunosuppressed, have poorly differentiated @entity5 or recurrent disease are also at increased risk. @entity1 with a slowly evolving or persistent @entity272 where @entity5 is a possibility should be referred to a dermatologist. Lesions suspected of being BCC should be referred routinely. Urgent referral should be reserved for cases where there is concern that a delay may have a significant impact because of the size or site of the lesion. Any non-healing lesions >1 cm with marked induration on palpation, showing significant expansion over eight weeks, should be referred urgently as they may be @entity957 .

title: Improving detection of XXXX @entity1489 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer', 'NMSC']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity1490 :: ('MESH:D001913', 'Disease') :: ["Bowen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['BCCs', 'Basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer']


abstract: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) are clinically and pathologically distinct and both are locally invasive. However, while @entity1491 rarely metastasise, @entity957 have the potential to do so especially when they arise on the ears or lips. UV radiation is the most important risk factor for @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ). The @entity5 most commonly arise in fair-skinned individuals on sun-damaged skin, especially the face. Incidence rises with age. @entity1 with one @entity1489 have a higher risk of developing another @entity1489 and of @entity320 . @entity957 are frequently more difficult to diagnose than @entity1491 . Well differentiated lesions have a pronounced keratotic element. Poorly differentiated @entity957 tend to be pink or red papules or nodules, lacking keratin, which may ulcerate. Around 5% of @entity957 metastasise. High-risk @entity957 include those: on the ear, lip, or sites unexposed to the sun and in chronic @entity1066 , scars or @entity1490 . @entity957 > 20 mm in diameter or > 4 mm in depth are high risk. @entity1 who are immunosuppressed, have poorly differentiated @entity5 or recurrent disease are also at increased risk. @entity1 with a slowly evolving or persistent @entity272 where @entity5 is a possibility should be referred to a dermatologist. Lesions suspected of being BCC should be referred routinely. Urgent referral should be reserved for cases where there is concern that a delay may have a significant impact because of the size or site of the lesion. Any non-healing lesions >1 cm with marked induration on palpation, showing significant expansion over eight weeks, should be referred urgently as they may be @entity957 .

title: Improving detection of @entity1489 XXXX .

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['Non-melanoma skin cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only one prospective randomized study on the extent of mesial resection in surgery for @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) exists. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) examines whether 3.5-cm mesial resection is leading to a better @entity410 outcome than a 2.5-cm resection. METHODS: Three @entity302 surgery centers using similar MRI protocols, neuropsychological tests, and resection types for @entity1315 surgery included 207 @entity1 in a RCT with pre- and postoperative volumetrics. One hundred and four @entity1 were randomized into a 2.5-cm resection group and 103 @entity1 into a 3.5-cm resection group, i.e., an intended minimum resection length of 25 versus 35 mm for the hippocampus and parahippocampus. Primary outcome measure was @entity410 freedom Engel class I throughout the first year. The study was powered to detect a 20% difference in class I outcome. @entity410 outcome was available for 207 @entity1 , complete volumetric results for 179 @entity1 . Outcome analysis was restricted to control of successful randomization and an intent-to-treat analysis of @entity410 outcome. RESULTS: The mean true resection volumes were significantly different for the 2.5-cm and 3.5-cm resection groups; thus, the randomization was successful. Median resection volume in the 2.5-cm group was 72.86% of initial volume and 83.44% in the 3.5-cm group. At 1 year, @entity410 outcome Engel class I was 74% in the 2.5-cm and 72.8% in the 3.5-cm resection group. CONCLUSIONS: The primary intent-to-treat analysis did not show a different @entity410 freedom rate for the more posteriorly reaching 3.5-cm resection group. It appears possible that not maximal volume resection but adequate volume resection leads to good @entity410 freedom.

title: Randomized controlled trial of 2.5-cm versus 3.5-cm mesial temporal resection in XXXX --Part 1: intent-to-treat analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Observational studies evaluating the possible interaction between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and @entity1397 have shown mixed results. We conducted a systematic review comparing the safety of individual PPIs in @entity1 with @entity453 taking @entity1397 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Studies performed from January 1995 to December 2013 were screened for inclusion. Data were extracted, and study quality was graded for 34 potential studies. For those studies in which follow-up period, outcomes, and multivariable adjustment were comparable, meta-analysis was performed.The adjusted odds or hazard ratios for the composite of cardiovascular or all-cause @entity204 , @entity583 , and @entity64 at 1 year were reported in 6 observational studies with data on individual PPIs. Random-effects meta-analyses of the 6 studies revealed an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events for those taking @entity10112 (hazard ratio 1.38; 95% CI 1.12-1.70), @entity10042 (hazard ratio 1.29; 95% CI 1.09-1.52), or @entity1537 (hazard ratio 1.27; 95% CI 1.02-1.58) compared with @entity1 on no PPI. This association was not significant for @entity4546 (hazard ratio 1.16; 95% CI 0.93-1.44). Sensitivity analyses for the @entity453 ( @entity1187 versus mixed) and exclusion of a single study due to heterogeneity of reported results did not have significant influence on the effect estimates for any PPIs. CONCLUSIONS: Several frequently used PPIs previously thought to be safe for concomitant use with @entity1397 were associated with greater risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Although the data are observational, they highlight the need for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the safety of concomitant @entity7371 and @entity1397 use in @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: Individual Proton Pump Inhibitors and Outcomes in @entity1 With XXXX on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease population', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity10112 :: ('MESH:C064276', 'Chemical') :: ['pantoprazole']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Observational studies evaluating the possible interaction between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and @entity1397 have shown mixed results. We conducted a systematic review comparing the safety of individual PPIs in @entity1 with @entity453 taking @entity1397 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Studies performed from January 1995 to December 2013 were screened for inclusion. Data were extracted, and study quality was graded for 34 potential studies. For those studies in which follow-up period, outcomes, and multivariable adjustment were comparable, meta-analysis was performed.The adjusted odds or hazard ratios for the composite of cardiovascular or all-cause @entity204 , @entity583 , and @entity64 at 1 year were reported in 6 observational studies with data on individual PPIs. Random-effects meta-analyses of the 6 studies revealed an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events for those taking @entity10112 (hazard ratio 1.38; 95% CI 1.12-1.70), @entity10042 (hazard ratio 1.29; 95% CI 1.09-1.52), or @entity1537 (hazard ratio 1.27; 95% CI 1.02-1.58) compared with @entity1 on no PPI. This association was not significant for @entity4546 (hazard ratio 1.16; 95% CI 0.93-1.44). Sensitivity analyses for the @entity453 ( @entity1187 versus mixed) and exclusion of a single study due to heterogeneity of reported results did not have significant influence on the effect estimates for any PPIs. CONCLUSIONS: Several frequently used PPIs previously thought to be safe for concomitant use with @entity1397 were associated with greater risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Although the data are observational, they highlight the need for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the safety of concomitant @entity7371 and @entity1397 use in @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: Individual Proton Pump Inhibitors and Outcomes in XXXX With @entity453 on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are few in vivo data on the pathophysiology of reperfusion during systemic thrombolysis. We monitored the time course of cerebral perfusion changes in @entity1 during thrombolysis with repeated arterial @entity7959 labeling perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with proximal @entity432 within 4.5 hours after symptom onset were prospectively enrolled. All @entity1 received intravenous thrombolysis during the magnetic resonance imaging examination. Repeated arterial @entity7959 labeling perfusion images were acquired during the 60-minute therapy and at follow-up after 24 to 72 hours. Clinical data, magnetic resonance imaging features, and cerebral perfusion changes were analyzed. RESULTS: Before thrombolysis, arterial @entity7959 labeling hypoperfusion and fluid-attenuation inversion recovery vascular hyperintensity in the territory of the occluded arteries were observed in all @entity1 . In 5 @entity1 , extensive arterial transit artifacts (ATA) developed in the hypoperfused area. The ATA corresponded with fluid-attenuation inversion recovery vascular hyperintensities. All 5 @entity1 who developed extensive ATA in the hypoperfused area had complete reperfusion after thrombolysis, whereas the 5 without extensive ATA showed no or only partial reperfusion (P<0.01). The development of ATA preceded the normalization of tissue perfusion. CONCLUSIONS: The development of ATA during thrombolysis is associated with early reperfusion after thrombolysis. arterial @entity7959 labeling assessment during intravenous thrombolysis has the potential to guide subsequent therapeutic strategies in @entity1 with @entity64 .

title: Prediction of Early Reperfusion From Repeated Arterial XXXX Labeling Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging During Intravenous Thrombolysis.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

answer: @entity7959 :: (10927,Gene) :: ['Spin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5815 is diagnosed by a set of clinical criteria and therefore is probably heterogeneous. Earlier reports tested the hypothesis that the syndrome had a neurological substrate by doing studies of cerebral blood flow (CBF) but with discrepant results. One possible reason for the discrepancy was that relative CBF was assessed. We found reduced CBF in an earlier study of absolute CBF using xenon-CT. The purpose of this study was to use a second method of assessing CBF and to look within the study group for heterogeneity of responses. METHOD: Eleven CFS @entity1 and 10 age matched healthy controls underwent neuroimaging using arterial spin labeling to determine their regional and global absolute CBF. A template was constructed based on the control data, and individual @entity1 montages were compared on a case by case basis to determine if differences in regions of interest occurred. RESULTS: The @entity1 as a group had significantly lower global CBF than the controls. The reduction in CBF occurred across nearly every region assessed. Nine of the 11 @entity1 showed these reductions compared to the average control data, while two @entity1 showed actual increases relative to the controls. CONCLUSION: The data extend our earlier observation that CFS @entity1 as a group have broad decreases in CBF compared to healthy controls. However, as expected, the effect was not homogeneous in that 2 of the 11 @entity1 studied showed actual increases in CBF relative to controls.

title: Cerebral blood flow is reduced in XXXX as assessed by arterial spin labeling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic fatigue syndrome']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: A new hemoadsorption device intended as adjunctive treatment for @entity1 with elevated cytokine levels in the setting of SIRS and @entity295 has shown promising results. We report on the beneficial application of the device in a @entity1 with @entity1455 receiving combined extracorporeal life support with rECMO, LVAD, and CVVH despite his highly septic condition. METHODS: A 39-year-old @entity1 presented with fulminant @entity649 and @entity1455 . A veno-arterial ECMO was implanted for circulatory support. During the course of @entity221 , the @entity1 developed @entity810 in addition to his @entity740 , making initiation of CVVH necessary. Due to a complete @entity1167 in both ventricles, a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in combination with right ECMO (rECMO) was implanted despite manifest septic conditions. In the post-operative course @entity650 levels and vasopressor dosages increased drastically. A CytoSorb hemoadsorption device was therefore installed in the CVVH circuit and 3 sessions were run during the following 4 days. RESULTS: During CytoSorb treatment, inflammatory markers @entity650 , @entity1904 , and @entity1851 decreased concomitant with significantly reduced vasopressor support. No adverse device-related side effects were documented during or after the treatment sessions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first clinical case report of a highly septic @entity1 treated with the combined use of LVAD, rECMO, CVVH, and CytoSorb. The combination was practical, technically feasible, and beneficial for the @entity1 . This combination represents a reasonable approach to improve survival in @entity1 with multiple organ dysfunction necessitating several organ supportive techniques.

title: First successful combination of ECMO with cytokine removal therapy in XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic septic shock']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5126 , a class IA antiarrhythmic drug (AAD), has been used for the treatment of @entity943 since the early 1900s. Use has decreased recently because of the availability of newer AADs and concerns about side effects and safety. @entity5126 can cause @entity1162 , and @entity1 have @entity1162 and are more susceptible to @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) than are @entity1 . We sought to evaluate the influence of gender on @entity5126 tolerability, safety, and efficacy. We performed retrospective analyses of @entity1 at our institution prescribed @entity5126 as an AAD between 2000 and 2012. Time to @entity5126 discontinuation and @entity943 recurrence were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. In 179 @entity1 , 23.5% were @entity1 and median age was 65.8  years. @entity5126 indication was @entity943 in 68.7% and @entity943 in 27.9% of @entity1 . At 3  years after @entity5126 initiation, Kaplan-Meier probability of @entity5126 discontinuation was 65.7% for @entity1 and 82.4% for @entity1 (p  = 0.015). @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to discontinue @entity5126 for @entity1162 (14.3 vs 4.4%, p  = 0.036) and @entity1166 (4.8 vs 0%, p  =  0.054). After multivariate adjustment, female gender remained independently associated with @entity5126 discontinuation (adjusted hazard ratio 1.97, p  = 0.014). Gender had no influence on @entity943 recurrence: 1  year after @entity5126 initiation, Kaplan-Meier probability of freedom from recurrent @entity943 was 62.4% in @entity1 and 57.9% in @entity1 (p  = 0.33). @entity5126 is highly effective in both genders. However, @entity1 are more likely than @entity1 to experience @entity1162 and @entity1166 on @entity5126 and are more likely to discontinue @entity5126 independent of these side effects.

title: Influence of Gender on the Tolerability, Safety, and Efficacy of @entity5126 Used for Treatment of Supraventricular and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['TdP', 'torsades de pointes']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinidine', 'quinidine']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['longer QT intervals', 'QT prolongation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Arrhythmias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5126 , a class IA antiarrhythmic drug (AAD), has been used for the treatment of @entity943 since the early 1900s. Use has decreased recently because of the availability of newer AADs and concerns about side effects and safety. @entity5126 can cause @entity1162 , and @entity1 have @entity1162 and are more susceptible to @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) than are @entity1 . We sought to evaluate the influence of gender on @entity5126 tolerability, safety, and efficacy. We performed retrospective analyses of @entity1 at our institution prescribed @entity5126 as an AAD between 2000 and 2012. Time to @entity5126 discontinuation and @entity943 recurrence were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. In 179 @entity1 , 23.5% were @entity1 and median age was 65.8  years. @entity5126 indication was @entity943 in 68.7% and @entity943 in 27.9% of @entity1 . At 3  years after @entity5126 initiation, Kaplan-Meier probability of @entity5126 discontinuation was 65.7% for @entity1 and 82.4% for @entity1 (p  = 0.015). @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to discontinue @entity5126 for @entity1162 (14.3 vs 4.4%, p  = 0.036) and @entity1166 (4.8 vs 0%, p  =  0.054). After multivariate adjustment, female gender remained independently associated with @entity5126 discontinuation (adjusted hazard ratio 1.97, p  = 0.014). Gender had no influence on @entity943 recurrence: 1  year after @entity5126 initiation, Kaplan-Meier probability of freedom from recurrent @entity943 was 62.4% in @entity1 and 57.9% in @entity1 (p  = 0.33). @entity5126 is highly effective in both genders. However, @entity1 are more likely than @entity1 to experience @entity1162 and @entity1166 on @entity5126 and are more likely to discontinue @entity5126 independent of these side effects.

title: Influence of Gender on the Tolerability, Safety, and Efficacy of XXXX Used for Treatment of Supraventricular and @entity943 .

answer: @entity5126 :: (MESH:D011802,Chemical) :: ['Quinidine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Interview with Professor Madhukar @entity2289 , @entity601 , PhD by Claire Raison (Commissioning Editor) Professor Madhukar @entity2289 did his medical training and community medicine residency in Vellore, India. He completed his PhD in epidemiology at the University of California, Berkeley (CA, USA) and a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of California, San Francisco (CA, USA). He is currently an associate professor of epidemiology at McGill University in Montreal (Canada). He serves as the Director of Global Health Programs, and as an Associate Director of the McGill International @entity378 Centre. In addition, he serves as a Consultant for the Bill _ Melinda Gates Foundation. He also serves on the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland. His research is focused on improving the diagnosis and treatment of @entity378 , especially in high-burden countries such as India and South Africa. His research is supported by grant funding from the Gates Foundation, Grand Challenges Canada and Canadian Institutes of Health Research. He has more than 200 peer-reviewed publications. He is recipient of the Union Scientific Prize, Chanchlani Global Health Research Award and Stars in Global Health award from Grand Challenges Canada, and is a member of the Royal Society of Canada.

title: Transforming the diagnosis of XXXX : an editorial board member's opinion at the 15th year of Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate how environmental factors in a dry-summer subtropical climate in Terceira-Azores (situated in the North Atlantic Ocean: 38   43' N 27   12' W) can affect dairy @entity291 (Holstein) fertility, as well as seasonal influence on in vitro oocytes maturation and embryos development. Impact of @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) effects on in vitro oocyte's maturation and further embryo development after @entity52 ( @entity52 ) was also evaluated. For such purpose the result of the first artificial insemination (AI) performed 60 to 90 days after calving of 6,300 @entity291 were recorded for one year. In parallel, climatic data was obtained at different elevation points (n = 5) from 0 to 1,000 m and grazing points from 0 to 500 m, in Terceira island, and the temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated. For in vitro experiments, oocytes (n = 706) were collected weekly during all year, for meiotic maturation and @entity52 . Further, to evaluate @entity1457 effect, 891 oocytes were collected in the cold moths (December, January, February and March) and divided in three groups treated to @entity1457 for 24 h during in vitro maturation at: C (Control = 38.5  C), HS1 (39.5  C) and HS2 (40.5  C). Oocytes from each group were used for meiotic assessment and @entity52 . Cleavage, morula and blastocyst development were evaluated respectively on day 2, 6, and 9 after @entity52 . A negative correlation between @entity291 's conception rate (CR) and THI in grazing points (-91.3%; p<0.001) was observed. Mean THI in warmer months (June, July, August and September) was 71.7  0.7 and the CR (40.2  1.5%) while in cold months THI was 62.8  0.2 and CR was 63.8  0.4%. A similar impact was obtained with in vitro results in which nuclear maturation rate (NMR) ranged from 78.4% (  8.0) to 44.3% (  8.1), while embryos development ranged from 53.8% (  5.8) to 36.3% (  3.3) in cold and warmer months respectively. In vitro @entity1457 results showed a significant decline (p<0.05) on NMR of oocytes for every 1  C rising temperature (78.4  8.0, 21.7  3.1 and 8.9  2.2, respectively for C, HS1, and HS2). Similar results were observed in cleavage rate and embryo development, showing a clear correlation (96.9 p<0.05) between NMR and embryo development with respect to temperatures. Results clearly demonstrated that, up to a THI of 70.6, a decrease in the CR occurs in first AI after calving; this impairment was confirmed with in vitro results.

title: Reproductive Performance of Holstein Dairy XXXX Grazing in Dry-summer Subtropical Climatic Conditions: Effect of Heat Stress and @entity1457 on Meiotic Competence and In vitro Fertilization.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Cows']


abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate how environmental factors in a dry-summer subtropical climate in Terceira-Azores (situated in the North Atlantic Ocean: 38   43' N 27   12' W) can affect dairy @entity291 (Holstein) fertility, as well as seasonal influence on in vitro oocytes maturation and embryos development. Impact of @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) effects on in vitro oocyte's maturation and further embryo development after @entity52 ( @entity52 ) was also evaluated. For such purpose the result of the first artificial insemination (AI) performed 60 to 90 days after calving of 6,300 @entity291 were recorded for one year. In parallel, climatic data was obtained at different elevation points (n = 5) from 0 to 1,000 m and grazing points from 0 to 500 m, in Terceira island, and the temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated. For in vitro experiments, oocytes (n = 706) were collected weekly during all year, for meiotic maturation and @entity52 . Further, to evaluate @entity1457 effect, 891 oocytes were collected in the cold moths (December, January, February and March) and divided in three groups treated to @entity1457 for 24 h during in vitro maturation at: C (Control = 38.5  C), HS1 (39.5  C) and HS2 (40.5  C). Oocytes from each group were used for meiotic assessment and @entity52 . Cleavage, morula and blastocyst development were evaluated respectively on day 2, 6, and 9 after @entity52 . A negative correlation between @entity291 's conception rate (CR) and THI in grazing points (-91.3%; p<0.001) was observed. Mean THI in warmer months (June, July, August and September) was 71.7  0.7 and the CR (40.2  1.5%) while in cold months THI was 62.8  0.2 and CR was 63.8  0.4%. A similar impact was obtained with in vitro results in which nuclear maturation rate (NMR) ranged from 78.4% (  8.0) to 44.3% (  8.1), while embryos development ranged from 53.8% (  5.8) to 36.3% (  3.3) in cold and warmer months respectively. In vitro @entity1457 results showed a significant decline (p<0.05) on NMR of oocytes for every 1  C rising temperature (78.4  8.0, 21.7  3.1 and 8.9  2.2, respectively for C, HS1, and HS2). Similar results were observed in cleavage rate and embryo development, showing a clear correlation (96.9 p<0.05) between NMR and embryo development with respect to temperatures. Results clearly demonstrated that, up to a THI of 70.6, a decrease in the CR occurs in first AI after calving; this impairment was confirmed with in vitro results.

title: Reproductive Performance of Holstein Dairy @entity291 Grazing in Dry-summer Subtropical Climatic Conditions: Effect of Heat Stress and XXXX on Meiotic Competence and In vitro Fertilization.

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['Heat Shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity286 use in various forms, including with Areca nut, causes several potentially malignant disorders. Many lesions may transform into @entity957 . Although @entity1 may be aware of the hazards of @entity286 habits, the lesions by themselves are insidious in nature resulting in failure of @entity1 to present to general dentists/specialists at early stages. Our aim was to study the types of habits prevalent in the region of Rourkela in Orissa and to assess the insidious nature of the lesions associated with these habits. Not many studies have been done from this part of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A camp was conducted for habitual users of @entity286 and its products, Areca nut and other mixed habit users. A thorough history was taken of the type, duration and frequency of habits, symptoms of @entity1 along with clinical examination by a single examiner. The data was entered in detail into an excel sheet and analysed. RESULTS: 54.7% had lesions and 60.9 % of them were asymptomatic and rest had mild @entity809 while eating. There was a very low awareness of the presence of lesions among the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to spread the awareness of the ill effects of the @entity286 and other associated habits far and wide and more importantly educate the general public on the appearance of associated lesions as these are almost always insidious in nature. The @entity1 can self-examine, detect lesions early when present and approach the dentist at the earliest opportunity.

title: Sneak Peek into XXXX Habits and Associated Insidious Oral Lesions in an Odisha Sample Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['burning sensation']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: The @entity460 -antagonist @entity3931 was infused intravenously in ten @entity468 using dosage rates of 0.5 to 3 micrograms kg-1 min-1. The reactions of pial arterial and venous vessels as well as @entity551 ( @entity551 ) were studied. For analysis of pial vascular reactions, diameter variations were continuously monitored on 50 arterial and 22 venous portions using a multichannel videoangiometer. At 0.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1, pial arteries with a mean resting diameter of 81 microns dilated by 4% (p less than 0.0005); venous diameters decreased by 0.5% (n.s.); @entity551 declined by 2% (n.s.). At 1 microgram kg-1 min-1, arteries dilated by 25% (p less than 0.0005), venous diameters were diminished by 3.8% (n.s.), @entity551 decreased by 9% (n.s.). Further significant dilatation of pial arteries was observed at 2 and 3 micrograms kg-1 min-1, however, together with a significant fall of @entity551 . Arterial vessels smaller than 60 micrograms resting diameter dilated more than arteries above 60 micrograms. After the infusion was stopped, arterial dilatation by some 20% persisted for at least 20 minutes, even when @entity551 values returned to the resting level.

title: Pial arterial and venous reaction to intravenous infusion of XXXX in @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['mean arterial blood pressure', 'MAP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3931 :: (MESH:D009553,Chemical) :: ['nimodipine']


abstract: The @entity460 -antagonist @entity3931 was infused intravenously in ten @entity468 using dosage rates of 0.5 to 3 micrograms kg-1 min-1. The reactions of pial arterial and venous vessels as well as @entity551 ( @entity551 ) were studied. For analysis of pial vascular reactions, diameter variations were continuously monitored on 50 arterial and 22 venous portions using a multichannel videoangiometer. At 0.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1, pial arteries with a mean resting diameter of 81 microns dilated by 4% (p less than 0.0005); venous diameters decreased by 0.5% (n.s.); @entity551 declined by 2% (n.s.). At 1 microgram kg-1 min-1, arteries dilated by 25% (p less than 0.0005), venous diameters were diminished by 3.8% (n.s.), @entity551 decreased by 9% (n.s.). Further significant dilatation of pial arteries was observed at 2 and 3 micrograms kg-1 min-1, however, together with a significant fall of @entity551 . Arterial vessels smaller than 60 micrograms resting diameter dilated more than arteries above 60 micrograms. After the infusion was stopped, arterial dilatation by some 20% persisted for at least 20 minutes, even when @entity551 values returned to the resting level.

title: Pial arterial and venous reaction to intravenous infusion of @entity3931 in XXXX .

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity71903 (AE) was isolated from Abacopteris penangiana (Hook.) Ching. This study was to elucidate its neuroprotective effects against @entity273 ( @entity274 ) induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells and @entity3649 ( @entity16076 ) induced @entity2359 in @entity19 brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro, the protective effect of AE against @entity274 -induced oxidative damage in the PC12 was investigated by the method of @entity98 ( @entity98 ). In vivo, the protective effect of AE against @entity16076 -induced @entity2359 in @entity19 was studied. The @entity19 in the model group and the AE treatment groups were injected with the @entity16076 150 mg/(kg d) for 7 weeks while the @entity19 in the control group were injected with the same volume of saline (0.9%). From the sixth week, the treatment groups were subcutaneously injected 4 or 8 mg/(kg d) of AE. In order to explore the potential mechanism of AE's action, the @entity19 were assessed by behavioral and electrophysiological tests at the end of the administration. Then the @entity19 brain tissues were measured for the levels of @entity224 dismutases (SOD), @entity2041 peroxidase ( @entity2197 -Px), and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ). RESULTS: This study showed that AE lowered the @entity274 -induced @entity137 , and AE significantly improved the learning and memory ability in behavioral performance. The biochemical examination revealed that AE restored the activities of SOD and @entity2197 -Px, and attenuated the increase of @entity1865 . Moreover, the electrophysiological analysis evidently showed that AE ameliorated the long-term potentiation (LTP). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that AE had neuroprotective effects, and its beneficial effects may be linked with inhibiting the generation of free radical and enhancing the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes.

title: Neuroprotective effects of @entity71903 from Abacopteris penangiana against oxidative stress-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity98 :: ('CHEBI:53233', 'Chemical') :: ['MTT', '3,(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['d-galactose']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity71903 :: ('MESH:C562211', 'Chemical') :: ['Abacopterin E']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']