abstract: BACKGROUND: 13-18% of all preschool @entity1 have severe @entity146 at least transiently, sometimes with long-term adverse consequences. In this study, the social training program "Lubo aus dem All! - Vorschulalter" (Lubo from Outer Space, Preschool Version) was evaluated in a kindergarten setting. METHODS: 15 kindergartens were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group, in a 2:1 ratio. The intervention was designed to strengthen emotional knowledge and regulation, the ability to take another @entity1 's point of view, communication skills, and social problem solving. The control group continued with conventional kindergarten activities. The primary endpoint was improvement in social-cognitive problem solving strategies, as assessed with the Wally Social Skills and Problem Solving Game (Wally). Secondary endpoints were improvement in prosocial behavior and reduction in problematic behavior, as assessed with the Preschool Social Behavior Questionnaire (PSBQ) and the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF). Data were collected before and after the intervention and also 5 months later. Mixed models were calculated with random effects to take account of the cluster design and for adjustment for confounding variables. RESULTS: 221 @entity1 in kindergarten, aged 5-6 years, were included in the study. Randomization was unsuccessful: the @entity1 in the intervention group performed markedly worse on the tests carried out before the intervention. Five months after the end of the intervention, the social-cognitive problem solving strategies of the @entity1 in the intervention group had improved more than those of the @entity1 in the control group: the intergroup difference in improvement was 0.79 standard deviations of the Wally test (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-1.46). This effect was just as marked 5 months later (0.63, 95% CI 0.03-1.23). Prosocial behavior, as measured by the PSBQ, also improved more in the intervention group, with an intergroup difference of 0.37 standard deviations (95% CI 0.05-0.71). CONCLUSION: An age-appropriate program to prevent @entity146 among kindergarten @entity1 improved both the @entity1 's knowledge of prosocial problem solving strategies and their prosocial behavior.

title: Preventing XXXX via Supporting Social and Emotional Competence at Preschool Age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'person']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral disorders', 'behavioral problems']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Behavioral Disorders']


abstract: Studies were performed on a cytotoxin (CT) from @entity1 strains of @entity5363 isolated in Malaysia. CT was detected by cytopathic effect (CPE) on HeLa cells at titres from 8 to 32, in culture filtrates from 14 (48%) of 29 @entity1 isolates. The CPE correlated well with a quantitative 51Cr-release assay where a specific release of 54-68% was noted. CT production was lost after 5-7 subcultures. CT activity was also detected in 5 (26%) of 19 faecal filtrates from which CT-producing isolates were subsequently obtained. The mol. wt of CT was estimated by Sephadex G-50 chromatography to be greater than 30,000. In a suckling- @entity19 assay, CT consistently failed to demonstrate fluid accumulation after intragastric inoculation of culture filtrate. The Removable Intestinal Tie Adult @entity95 @entity294 (RITARD) assay was also used. @entity95 given CT-producing strains of @entity5363 developed @entity582 and severe watery mucus-containing @entity294 for the duration of the experiment with @entity204 of some animals. @entity95 given CT non-producing strains had less severe disease and none died. @entity95 given partially-purified CT had @entity294 for 3 days but none died.

title: In-vitro and in-vivo studies of a cytotoxin from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea', 'Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'Rabbit']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'C. jejuni']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5322 is recognized as the main enzyme involved in the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics in the @entity1 body and its inhibition may lead to undesirable consequences. @entity51893 , including @entity4025 , belong to a group of dietary health-promoting compounds that also act as inhibitors of @entity5322 . The aim of this study was to examine the use of computer modeling of enzyme-ligand interactions to analyze and predict the inhibition of structurally related compounds. To this end, an @entity4975 group was attached to @entity4025 and the interactions of @entity5322 with @entity4025 , its @entity4975 analogue (RA) and a known synthetic inhibitor were studied and compared in two biological models. Specifically, the metabolism of @entity251 was examined in a @entity1 intestine cell line (Caco-2/TC7) and in @entity35 liver microsomes (RLM). The results demonstrated a weak inhibitory effect of RA on @entity5322 , as compared to @entity4025 itself, in both biological models. @entity1 @entity5322 was more susceptible to inhibition than the commonly used model isozyme from @entity35 . Modeling of the binding site of @entity5322 revealed a combination of three types of interactions: hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions and @entity3884 bonds. A docking simulation revealed that the RA lacked an important binding feature, as compared to @entity4025 , and that that difference may be responsible for its lower level of affinity for @entity5322 . Software analysis of binding affinity may serve as a predictive tool for designing new therapeutic compounds in terms of inhibition of @entity5322 and help to reveal the biochemical nature of the interactions of dietary compounds, herbal compounds and drugs whose metabolism is mediated by this enzyme.

title: Use of In Vitro and Predictive In Silico Models to Study the Inhibition of Cytochrome P4503A by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity51893 :: ('MESH:D013267', 'Chemical') :: ['Stilbenes']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol']

answer: @entity51893 :: (MESH:D013267,Chemical) :: ['Stilbenes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity9085 ( @entity9085 ) is a condition that results from restricted blood flow to the posterior portions of the brain, which are primarily served by the vertebral and basilar arteries. It is the most common cause of @entity9468 in the elderly and is usually accompanied by @entity227 . @entity154 , @entity731 , @entity64 and/or @entity130 may all lead to decreased vertebrobasilar circulation. A syndrome called @entity3526 ( @entity3526 ), which manifests with similar neurological symptoms but with a different pathophysiology, may also cause @entity9085 . CASE PRESENTATION: A middle-aged female presented with gradual onset fainting and @entity9468 attacks. Cardiac, auditory and autonomic etiologies were investigated and excluded. Clinical findings and presentation were highly suggestive of subclavian steal. However, subsequent CT angiography showed normal subclavian arteries. Instead, findings included a persistent right trigeminal artery (PTA), @entity850 of the right proximal internal carotid artery, atresis of the left vertebral artery and distal segment of right vertebral artery, congenitally compromised changes in vertebral circulation (bilateral absence of the posterior communicating arteries (PCOMs)) and an absent anterograde vertebrobasilar circulation. Symptoms resolved after carotid endarterectomy. DISCUSSION: Due to the absence of a normally developed posterior circulation, the PTA was the main source of blood supply for the @entity1 . Development of recent artheromatous changes in the right internal carotid artery, however, resulted in decreased blood through PTA, further compromising posterior circulation. This resulted in @entity9085 , and manifested in symptomology similar to @entity3526 . CONCLUSIONS: This clinical encounter illustrates the relative contribution of anatomical and vasoocclusive factors in closely mimicking symptoms of @entity3526 .

title: Pseudo XXXX : Case report.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vision and sensation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebrobasilar insufficiency', 'vertebrobasilar insufficiency', 'VBI']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['SSS', 'subclavian steal syndrome', 'Subclavian Steal Syndrome']

answer: @entity3526 :: (MESH:D013349,Disease) :: ['subclavian steal syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Structural hemoglobinopathies do not usually have a clinical impact, but they can interfere with the analytical determination of some parameters, such as the glycated hemoglobin in diabetic @entity1 . Thalassemias represent a serious health problem in areas where their incidence is high. The defects in the post-translational modifications produce hyper-unstable hemoglobin that is not detected by most of electrophoretic or chromatographic methods that are available so far. METHODS: We studied seven @entity1 who belong to six unrelated families. The first two families were studied because they had peak abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) during routine analytical assays. The other four families were studied because they had microcytosis and hypochromia with normal @entity13554 and HbF without @entity68 deficiency. @entity13554 and F quantification and abnormal Hb separation were performed by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. The molecular characterization was performed using specific sequencing. RESULTS: The Hb Puerta del Sol presents electrophoretic mobility and elution in HPLC that is different from HbA and similar to HbS. The electrophoretic and chromatographic profiles of the four other variants are normal and do not show any anomalies, and their identification was only possible with sequencing. Conlcusions: Some variants, such as Hb Valdecilla, Hb Gran V  a, Hb Macarena and Hb El Retiro, have significant clinical impact when they are associated with other forms of a-thalassemia, which could lead to more serious forms of this group of pathologies as for HbH disease. Therefore, it is important to maintain an adequate program for screening these diseases in countries where the prevalence is high to prevent the occurrence of severe forms.

title: HB Puerta del Sol [HBA1:c.148A>C], HB Valdecilla [ @entity13554 :c.3G>T], HB Gran V  a [ @entity13554 :c.98T>G], HB Macarena [ @entity13554 :c.358C>T], and HB El Retiro [ XXXX :c.364_366dupGTG]: description of five new hemoglobinopathies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity13554 :: (3040,Gene) :: ['HBA2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Structural hemoglobinopathies do not usually have a clinical impact, but they can interfere with the analytical determination of some parameters, such as the glycated hemoglobin in diabetic @entity1 . Thalassemias represent a serious health problem in areas where their incidence is high. The defects in the post-translational modifications produce hyper-unstable hemoglobin that is not detected by most of electrophoretic or chromatographic methods that are available so far. METHODS: We studied seven @entity1 who belong to six unrelated families. The first two families were studied because they had peak abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) during routine analytical assays. The other four families were studied because they had microcytosis and hypochromia with normal @entity13554 and HbF without @entity68 deficiency. @entity13554 and F quantification and abnormal Hb separation were performed by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. The molecular characterization was performed using specific sequencing. RESULTS: The Hb Puerta del Sol presents electrophoretic mobility and elution in HPLC that is different from HbA and similar to HbS. The electrophoretic and chromatographic profiles of the four other variants are normal and do not show any anomalies, and their identification was only possible with sequencing. Conlcusions: Some variants, such as Hb Valdecilla, Hb Gran V  a, Hb Macarena and Hb El Retiro, have significant clinical impact when they are associated with other forms of a-thalassemia, which could lead to more serious forms of this group of pathologies as for HbH disease. Therefore, it is important to maintain an adequate program for screening these diseases in countries where the prevalence is high to prevent the occurrence of severe forms.

title: HB Puerta del Sol [HBA1:c.148A>C], HB Valdecilla [ @entity13554 :c.3G>T], HB Gran V  a [ @entity13554 :c.98T>G], HB Macarena [ XXXX :c.358C>T], and HB El Retiro [ @entity13554 :c.364_366dupGTG]: description of five new hemoglobinopathies.

answer: @entity13554 :: (3040,Gene) :: ['HBA2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Structural hemoglobinopathies do not usually have a clinical impact, but they can interfere with the analytical determination of some parameters, such as the glycated hemoglobin in diabetic @entity1 . Thalassemias represent a serious health problem in areas where their incidence is high. The defects in the post-translational modifications produce hyper-unstable hemoglobin that is not detected by most of electrophoretic or chromatographic methods that are available so far. METHODS: We studied seven @entity1 who belong to six unrelated families. The first two families were studied because they had peak abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) during routine analytical assays. The other four families were studied because they had microcytosis and hypochromia with normal @entity13554 and HbF without @entity68 deficiency. @entity13554 and F quantification and abnormal Hb separation were performed by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. The molecular characterization was performed using specific sequencing. RESULTS: The Hb Puerta del Sol presents electrophoretic mobility and elution in HPLC that is different from HbA and similar to HbS. The electrophoretic and chromatographic profiles of the four other variants are normal and do not show any anomalies, and their identification was only possible with sequencing. Conlcusions: Some variants, such as Hb Valdecilla, Hb Gran V  a, Hb Macarena and Hb El Retiro, have significant clinical impact when they are associated with other forms of a-thalassemia, which could lead to more serious forms of this group of pathologies as for HbH disease. Therefore, it is important to maintain an adequate program for screening these diseases in countries where the prevalence is high to prevent the occurrence of severe forms.

title: HB Puerta del Sol [HBA1:c.148A>C], HB Valdecilla [ @entity13554 :c.3G>T], HB Gran V  a [ XXXX :c.98T>G], HB Macarena [ @entity13554 :c.358C>T], and HB El Retiro [ @entity13554 :c.364_366dupGTG]: description of five new hemoglobinopathies.

answer: @entity13554 :: (3040,Gene) :: ['HBA2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Structural hemoglobinopathies do not usually have a clinical impact, but they can interfere with the analytical determination of some parameters, such as the glycated hemoglobin in diabetic @entity1 . Thalassemias represent a serious health problem in areas where their incidence is high. The defects in the post-translational modifications produce hyper-unstable hemoglobin that is not detected by most of electrophoretic or chromatographic methods that are available so far. METHODS: We studied seven @entity1 who belong to six unrelated families. The first two families were studied because they had peak abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) during routine analytical assays. The other four families were studied because they had microcytosis and hypochromia with normal @entity13554 and HbF without @entity68 deficiency. @entity13554 and F quantification and abnormal Hb separation were performed by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. The molecular characterization was performed using specific sequencing. RESULTS: The Hb Puerta del Sol presents electrophoretic mobility and elution in HPLC that is different from HbA and similar to HbS. The electrophoretic and chromatographic profiles of the four other variants are normal and do not show any anomalies, and their identification was only possible with sequencing. Conlcusions: Some variants, such as Hb Valdecilla, Hb Gran V  a, Hb Macarena and Hb El Retiro, have significant clinical impact when they are associated with other forms of a-thalassemia, which could lead to more serious forms of this group of pathologies as for HbH disease. Therefore, it is important to maintain an adequate program for screening these diseases in countries where the prevalence is high to prevent the occurrence of severe forms.

title: HB Puerta del Sol [HBA1:c.148A>C], HB Valdecilla [ XXXX :c.3G>T], HB Gran V  a [ @entity13554 :c.98T>G], HB Macarena [ @entity13554 :c.358C>T], and HB El Retiro [ @entity13554 :c.364_366dupGTG]: description of five new hemoglobinopathies.

answer: @entity13554 :: (3040,Gene) :: ['HBA2']


abstract: The evaluation of victims of @entity385 has evolved over the last few years, primarily as a result of the introduction of innovative, sensitive, and informative diagnostic procedures. The role of the neurologist appears to have been redefined as one in which the identification of the presumptive cause and mechanism of the @entity64 is one of the primary responsibilities. We compared the etiologic @entity64 subtypes of @entity1 entered into the Saint Louis University Stroke Registry for the period January to June, 1986 (Group A), with analogous data collected in @entity1 entered from January to June, 1992 (Group B). Group A included 57 @entity1 whose @entity64 subtype distribution was as follows: 19% due to athero- @entity1031 , 18% cardiogenic, 5% lacunar, and 4% due to other causes. In addition, 54% of @entity1 had @entity64 of unknown etiology. Group B comprised 137 @entity1 with the following etiologic distribution: 35% cardiogenic, 26% atherothrombolic, 3% lacunar, and 6% from other causes. Only 29% had @entity64 of unknown etiology. The apparent increase in the proportion of @entity64 may be related to wider utilization of transesophageal echocardiography. There was also a significant drop in the proportion of @entity64 of unknown etiology. Finally, in comparison with other @entity64 registries, our data suggest that many small @entity64 may also result from @entity887 . These apparent changes in the proportion of @entity64 subtypes should be considered when @entity1 are being evaluated for risk stratification.

title: Changing trends in the etiologic diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic strokes', 'strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Carotid artery surgical specimens from 15 consecutive @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy were studied in an attempt to identify morphologic differences between carotid @entity543 (NV) and normal vasa vasorum (VV). The @entity1 included 12 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 with an age range of 55-81 years (mean, 67). Nine of them had @entity63 symptoms directly related to the plaque being removed. The specimens were stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 , Verhoef-Van Gieson, and factor VIII-related antigen techniques. In addition, normal carotid arteries were obtained for comparison from two autopsies of young individuals, victims of @entity204 . The severity of NV within the plaque was graded based on the appearance and location of new vessels, as they compared to W. Mild NV (Grade I) was found in 3/15, whereas moderate and severe (Grades II and III) were each found in 6/15 cases. Increasing severity of NV was associated with more tortuosity, thicker walls, and location closer to the carotid lumen. The presence and severity of NV did not correlate with @entity121 (p = 0.2), the presence of symptoms (p = 0.5), or any other risk factors for @entity64 . Carotid plaque NV seems independent of the degree of @entity1856 and morphologically different than VV. Its origin, true incidence, and role in the production of carotid intraplaque hemorrhage and @entity64 risk are still uncertain. This is the first immunohistochemical study of @entity543 .

title: Immunohistochemistry of XXXX and vasa vasorum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['increased stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid plaque neovascularization', 'artery plaque neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['plaque thickness']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic death']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid plaque neovascularization']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of @entity5870 ( @entity5870 ) is difficult because all clinical and biological signs are rarely concordant. According to recent literature, @entity10132 could act as a specific marker of @entity2348 . Our main objective was to assess whether @entity10132 could improve our management of @entity1 with preterm premature @entity397 (pPROM), allowing earlier and more specific diagnosis for @entity5870 . METHODS: @entity1 with pPROM from 24  and 34weeks of @entity2588 were included, from November 2013  to October 2014. @entity10132 was collected twice a week, from pPROM until delivery. Obstetricians were blinded from @entity10132 results, in order not to influence the management of the @entity1 . @entity10132 values were then compared to clinical and other biological diagnostic markers (CRP and white blood cells count [WBC]). RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were included, with 11  cases of histological @entity5870 and 5  early-onset @entity295 . With a cut-off value of 0.05ng/mL, the sensitivity of @entity10132 to detect histological @entity5870 was 54%, the specificity was 79% and the positive and negative predictive value were respectively 60% and 75%. The positive likelihood ratio was 2.57  and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.58. Using @entity10132 values, our medical decision of foetal extraction would have change in 5  cases (in a wrong way in 3  of them). CONCLUSION: @entity10132 in the diagnostic of @entity5870 is not useful in the management of @entity1 .

title: [Evaluation of the interest of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of @entity5870 in preterm premature XXXX . An observational and prospective study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture of membranes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of @entity5870 ( @entity5870 ) is difficult because all clinical and biological signs are rarely concordant. According to recent literature, @entity10132 could act as a specific marker of @entity2348 . Our main objective was to assess whether @entity10132 could improve our management of @entity1 with preterm premature @entity397 (pPROM), allowing earlier and more specific diagnosis for @entity5870 . METHODS: @entity1 with pPROM from 24  and 34weeks of @entity2588 were included, from November 2013  to October 2014. @entity10132 was collected twice a week, from pPROM until delivery. Obstetricians were blinded from @entity10132 results, in order not to influence the management of the @entity1 . @entity10132 values were then compared to clinical and other biological diagnostic markers (CRP and white blood cells count [WBC]). RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were included, with 11  cases of histological @entity5870 and 5  early-onset @entity295 . With a cut-off value of 0.05ng/mL, the sensitivity of @entity10132 to detect histological @entity5870 was 54%, the specificity was 79% and the positive and negative predictive value were respectively 60% and 75%. The positive likelihood ratio was 2.57  and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.58. Using @entity10132 values, our medical decision of foetal extraction would have change in 5  cases (in a wrong way in 3  of them). CONCLUSION: @entity10132 in the diagnostic of @entity5870 is not useful in the management of @entity1 .

title: [Evaluation of the interest of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of XXXX in preterm premature @entity397 . An observational and prospective study].

answer: @entity5870 :: (MESH:D002821,Disease) :: ['chorioamnionitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator can terminate @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) via antitachycardia pacing (ATP). OBJECTIVES: We evaluated efficacy and safety of ATP, whether ATP induces @entity943 after inappropriate ATP or @entity955 ( @entity955 ) after appropriate ATP, and whether ATP is associated with mortality. METHODS: A total of 1404 @entity1 with a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator were followed in a prospective multicenter observational research. All-cause mortality rates were estimated in @entity1 subgroups in order to uncouple the trigger ( @entity1165 / @entity1165 or other rhythms causing inappropriate detections) from ATP therapy. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 31 months, 2938 @entity1165 / @entity1165 episodes were treated with ATP in 360 @entity1 . The adjusted ATP success rate was 63% (95% confidence interval [CI] 57%-69%) on FVTs and 68% (95% CI 62%-74%) on VTs. Acceleration occurred in 55 (1.87%) and @entity1163 in 4 (0.14%) of all ATP-treated episodes. In 14 true @entity1165 / @entity1165 episodes in 5 @entity1 , @entity955 followed ATP therapy. In 4 episodes in 2 @entity1 , @entity1165 followed ATP inappropriately applied during @entity955 . Death rate per 100 @entity1 -years was 5.6 (95% CI 4.3-7.5) in @entity1 with appropriate ATP and 1.5 (95% CI 0.4-6.1) in @entity1 with inappropriate ATP (P = .045). CONCLUSION: ATP was effective in terminating @entity1165 / @entity1165 episodes and displayed a good safety profile. ATP therapies by themselves did not increase death risk; prognosis was indeed better in @entity1 without arrhythmic episodes, even if they received inappropriate ATP, than in @entity1 with ATP on @entity1165 / @entity1165 episodes. Adverse outcomes observed in @entity1 receiving implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies are probably related to the @entity943 itself, a marker of disease progression, rather than to adverse effects of ATP.

title: Ventricular antitachycardia pacing therapy in XXXX with heart failure implanted with a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator device: Efficacy, safety, and impact on mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'fast VT', 'ventricular tachycardia', 'FVT']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity4211 concentration is the key determinant for red skin color in pear fruit. However, the molecular basis for development of red skin is complicated and has not been well-understood thus far. "Starkrimson" (Pyrus communis L.), an introduced red pear cultivated in the north of China and its green mutant provides a desirable red/green pair for identification of candidate genes involved in color variation. Here, we sequenced and annotated the transcriptome for the red/green color mutant at three stages of development using Illumina RNA-seq technology. The total number of mapped reads ranged from 26 to 46 million in six libraries. About 70.11-71.95% of clean reads could be mapped to the reference genome. Compared with green colored fruit, a total of 2230 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in red fruit. Gene Ontology (GO) terms were defined for 4886 differential transcripts involved in 15 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Three DEGs were identified as candidate genes in the @entity3096 pathway, LAR, ANR, and C3H. Tellingly, higher expression was found for genes encoding ANR and LAR in the green color mutant, promoting the @entity22271 (PA) pathway and leading to lower @entity4211 . MYB-binding cis-motifs were identified in the promoter region of LAR and ANR. Based on these findings, we speculate that the regulation of PA biosynthesis might be a key factor for this red/green color mutant. Besides the known MYB and MADS transcription families, two new families, @entity18720 and WRKY, were identified as having high correlation with @entity4211 biosynthesis in red skinned pear. In addition, qRT-PCR was used to confirm the transcriptome results for 17 DEGs, high correlation of gene expression, further proved that @entity18720 and WARK regulated the @entity4211 biosynthesis in red skinned "Starkrimson," and ANR and LAR promote PA biosynthesis and contribute to the green skinned variant. This study can serve as a valuable new resource laying a solid foundation for functional gene identification in the @entity4211 pathway of red-skinned pear and provide a good reference for relevant research on molecular mechanisms of color variation in other pear species.

title: Transcriptome profiling reveals differential gene expression in XXXX biosynthesis associated with red/green skin color mutant of pear (Pyrus communis L.).

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity22271 :: ('MESH:C013221', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidin']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanin', 'Anthocyanin']

answer: @entity22271 :: (MESH:C013221,Chemical) :: ['proanthocyanidin']


abstract: Objective. @entity240 ( @entity240 ) has traditionally been considered to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. We conducted the first meta-analysis evaluating its benefits for @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). Methods. We searched three English and four Chinese databases through October, 2014. Randomized trials evaluating at least 2 weeks of @entity240 for knee @entity571 were selected. The effects of @entity240 on clinical symptoms included both @entity158 level (via the visual analog scale) and total effectiveness rate, which assessed @entity158 , physical performance, and wellness. We performed random-effects meta-analyses using mean difference. Results. Fifteen studies totaling 1618 subjects met eligibility criteria. Bath prescription included, on average, 13 Chinese herbs with directions to steam and wash around the knee for 20-40 minutes once or twice daily. Mean treatment duration was 3 weeks. Results from meta-analysis showed superior @entity158 improvement (mean difference = -0.59 points; 95% confidence intervals [CI], -0.83 to -0.36; p < 0.00001) and higher total effectiveness rate (risk ratio = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.28; p < 0.00001) when compared with standard western treatment. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion. @entity240 may be a safe, effective, and simple alternative treatment modality for knee @entity571 . Further rigorously designed, randomized trials are warranted.

title: Chinese Herbal Bath Therapy for the Treatment of Knee XXXX : Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity240 :: ('OMIM:613339', 'Disease') :: ['CHBT', 'Chinese herbal bath therapy']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are increasingly recognized as a common anatomical variant associated with altered patterns of degenerative spine changes. This review will focus on the clinical significance of LSTV, disruptions in normal spine biomechanics, imaging techniques, diagnosis, and treatment. METHODS: A Pubmed search using the specific key words "LSTV," "lumbosacral transitional vertebrae," and " @entity244 " was performed. The resulting group of manuscripts from our search was evaluated. RESULTS: LSTV are associated with alterations in biomechanics and anatomy of spinal and paraspinal structures, which have important implications on surgical approaches and techniques. LSTV are often inaccurately detected and classified on standard AP radiographs and MRI. The use of whole-spine images as well as geometric relationships between the sacrum and lumbar vertebra increase accuracy. Uncertainty regarding the cause, clinical significance, and treatment of LSTV persists. Some authors suggest an association between LSTV types @entity1643 . Pseudoarticulation between the transverse process and the sacrum creates a "false joint" susceptible to arthritic changes and @entity5040 formation potentially leading to nerve root entrapment. The diagnosis of symptomatic LSTV is considered with appropriate @entity1 history, imaging studies, and diagnostic injections. A positive radionuclide study along with a positive effect from a local injection helps distinguish the transitional vertebra as a significant @entity158 source. Surgical resection is reserved for a subgroup of LSTV @entity1 who fail conservative treatment and whose @entity158 is definitively attributed to the @entity3466 . CONCLUSIONS: Due to the common finding of @entity1643 and the wide prevalence of LSTV in the general population, it is essential to differentiate between symptoms originating from an anomalous psuedoarticulation from other potential sources of @entity1643 . Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up time would better demonstrate the effectiveness of surgical resection and help guide treatment.

title: A Review of Symptomatic Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['II and IV and low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity3466 :: ('MESH:D003784', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pseudoarticulation']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophyte']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Bertolotti's Syndrome"]

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Bertolotti's Syndrome']


abstract: Two hundred fifty radical neck dissections, undertaken for mucosal @entity957 of the head and neck, were reviewed with reference to pathological findings and their clinical implications. No major differences in descriptive surgical pathology were established between irradiated and non-irradiated resections. In general, irradiated dissections had lower total node counts and somewhat fewer nodal metastases involving a smaller number of different nodal groups. The topography of nodal deposits was similar in irradiated and non-irradiated resections. Palpable keratin @entity738 (without intact @entity5 ) were almost confined to irradiated @entity1 . Transcapsular spread of @entity5 from involved lymph nodes was common: it was demonstrated in 160/188 'positive' dissections (85%) and was subclassified as 'macroscopic' in 90 and 'microscopic' in 70. The incidence and extent of transcapsular spread was similar in irradiated and nonirradiated resections. It was more frequently observed in association with large nodal masses but it was also regularly found with small nodal deposits less than 3 cm in diameter. Statistical analyses showed strong associations (p less than 0.0005) between the presence and/or extent of transcapsular spread and subsequent recurrence in the operated neck and overall survival. The predictive value of other clinical and pathological features vis-a-vis local neck recurrence such as numbers of involved nodal groups was weaker. Macroscopic transcapsulr spread emerges as the major prognostic factor for recurrent disease in the neck (p less than 0.0001). Attention is drawn to the advantages of accurate descriptive categories ('macroscopic', 'microscopic') for this critical prognostic feature.

title: Radical neck dissections for XXXX : pathological findings and their clinical implications with particular reference to transcapsular spread.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous carcinomas']


abstract: Far-field recordings of short latency auditory responses were characterized in the White Leghorn @entity1573 ( @entity1573 , 2-3 weeks post hatch). Six to twelve positive peaks were normally present within the first 8 ms following the onset of a click stimulus (stimulus intensity = 99.0 +/- 6.3 dB pe SPL, 44.3 +/- 1.2 dB SL). Both @entity18129 ( @entity18129 ) and neural response components were distinguished based on functional criteria. Neural responses (P1a-P6b) were readily masked by white noise. @entity18129 responses were resistant to masking and inverted when click polarity was reversed. Systemic cooling produced shifts in neural response latencies such that later peaks (e.g. latencies greater than or equal to P3) were delayed to a greater extent than early peaks (P1a and P2a). The latencies of @entity18129 components were relatively unaffected by cooling. The mean latencies and amplitudes were described quantitatively for dominant positive peaks. The mean auditory response threshold for 18 animals was 54.5 +/- 7 dB pe SPL. Dominant later components (P3a and the P3b/P4a complex) were the first to disappear after lethal injection of anesthetic. These were followed immediately by earlier neural peaks. @entity18129 components were the last to disappear. A working hypothesis is advanced regarding the distinction between central (P3a, P3b and P4a) and peripheral (P1a, P2a) neural components.

title: Far-field recordings of short latency auditory responses in the White Leghorn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chick', 'Gallus domesticus']

entities_list: @entity18129 :: ('MESH:D015834', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear microphonic', 'CM']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: Lutropin (LH) receptor was solubilized from pseudopregnant @entity35 ovaries and purified by two cycles of affinity chromatography on @entity1 choriogonadotropin (hCG)-Affi-Gel 10. The purified receptor preparation contained a single class of high-affinity 125I-hCG binding sites with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 5.1 X 10(-10) M (at 20 degrees C) and had a specific hormone binding capacity of 7920 pmol/mg of protein. The purified receptor migrated as a single 90-kDa band in @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis under both nonreducing and reducing conditions. Affinity cross-linking of the purified receptor to 125I-hCG produced a 130-kDa complex. Hormone-binding ability of the purified 90-kDa polypeptide was demonstrated also by ligand blotting. The purified receptor was electroblotted onto @entity12142 after @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions followed by incubation with 125I-hCG. Autoradiography revealed labeling of a 90-kDa band. This labeling was displaced by unlabeled hCG and @entity1 LH but not by @entity1 follitropin or @entity35 prolactin. In addition, LH receptors of @entity291 corpora lutea and @entity19 @entity5 cells were shown by ligand blotting to contain a 90-kDa hormone binding unit, suggesting that @entity7813 structure is well conserved among @entity1 species. The purified @entity35 ovarian @entity7813 bound to immobilized @entity3505 germ agglutinin, implying that the receptor is a glycoprotein. These results demonstrate that the hormone-binding unit of @entity35 ovarian @entity7813 is a 90-kDa membrane glycopolypeptide.

title: Purification and partial characterization of XXXX ovarian lutropin receptor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Leydig tumor']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity12142 :: ('CHEBI:53325', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrocellulose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A two-compartment activity box is described in which the actions of anxiolytic compounds may be readily detected. The box is designed with a partition which divides a dimly-lit black area and a brightly-illuminated white area. Free access to each section is enabled by means of a small opening in the partition. Measures of locomotion and rearing are recorded as well as transitions from black to white and vice versa. Time spent in each section is also measured. In this situation @entity19 demonstrated a clear preference for the dim black section, a finding not inconsistent with the nocturnal nature of this species. By contrast, treatment with @entity3175 (0.125-5 mg/kg) or @entity5756 (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) produced a significant increase in activity in the white section. Locomotion and rearing in the black section showed a corresponding decrease. @entity3216 (0.5-20 mg/kg) and @entity38857 (0.5-40 mg/kg) had similar effects. These actions would appear to be independent of their effects on general activity, as @entity4944 (1.25-2.5 mg/kg) increased and @entity1767 (0.05-0.2 mg/kg) decreased overall exploratory behaviour in a non-selective manner. These data suggest the "two-compartment activity box" to be a model sensitive to the actions of clinically-active anxiolytics.

title: Actions of @entity3216 and XXXX in a simple model of anxiety in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity5756 :: ('MESH:D014229', 'Chemical') :: ['triazolam']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity38857 :: (MESH:D063325,Chemical) :: ['tiapride']


abstract: A two-compartment activity box is described in which the actions of anxiolytic compounds may be readily detected. The box is designed with a partition which divides a dimly-lit black area and a brightly-illuminated white area. Free access to each section is enabled by means of a small opening in the partition. Measures of locomotion and rearing are recorded as well as transitions from black to white and vice versa. Time spent in each section is also measured. In this situation @entity19 demonstrated a clear preference for the dim black section, a finding not inconsistent with the nocturnal nature of this species. By contrast, treatment with @entity3175 (0.125-5 mg/kg) or @entity5756 (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) produced a significant increase in activity in the white section. Locomotion and rearing in the black section showed a corresponding decrease. @entity3216 (0.5-20 mg/kg) and @entity38857 (0.5-40 mg/kg) had similar effects. These actions would appear to be independent of their effects on general activity, as @entity4944 (1.25-2.5 mg/kg) increased and @entity1767 (0.05-0.2 mg/kg) decreased overall exploratory behaviour in a non-selective manner. These data suggest the "two-compartment activity box" to be a model sensitive to the actions of clinically-active anxiolytics.

title: Actions of XXXX and @entity38857 in a simple model of anxiety in @entity19 .

answer: @entity3216 :: (MESH:D013469,Chemical) :: ['sulpiride']


abstract: A two-compartment activity box is described in which the actions of anxiolytic compounds may be readily detected. The box is designed with a partition which divides a dimly-lit black area and a brightly-illuminated white area. Free access to each section is enabled by means of a small opening in the partition. Measures of locomotion and rearing are recorded as well as transitions from black to white and vice versa. Time spent in each section is also measured. In this situation @entity19 demonstrated a clear preference for the dim black section, a finding not inconsistent with the nocturnal nature of this species. By contrast, treatment with @entity3175 (0.125-5 mg/kg) or @entity5756 (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) produced a significant increase in activity in the white section. Locomotion and rearing in the black section showed a corresponding decrease. @entity3216 (0.5-20 mg/kg) and @entity38857 (0.5-40 mg/kg) had similar effects. These actions would appear to be independent of their effects on general activity, as @entity4944 (1.25-2.5 mg/kg) increased and @entity1767 (0.05-0.2 mg/kg) decreased overall exploratory behaviour in a non-selective manner. These data suggest the "two-compartment activity box" to be a model sensitive to the actions of clinically-active anxiolytics.

title: Actions of @entity3216 and @entity38857 in a simple model of anxiety in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity130 has been demonstrated to delay @entity356 . The aim of this study was to investigate effects and cellular mechanisms of auricular electroacupuncture (AEA) at the acupoints innervated by the auricular branch of vagus nerve on burn-induced @entity356 in @entity35 . METHODS: @entity1169 (b-adrenoceptor antagonist) was injected intraperitoneally after the @entity35 underwent @entity130 . All experiments were performed 6 h following burn/sham @entity130 . AEA was performed at bilateral auricular acupoints for 45 min. Electrocardiogram was recorded for 30 min. Plasma hormones were measured; @entity4665 expressions in gastric tissue were measured using western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS: (i) @entity130 delayed @entity356 (p = 0.006) and AEA increased @entity356 by 49% (p = 0.045). (ii) @entity130 evoked a significant elevation in plasma @entity1063 , which was suppressed by AEA. (iii) @entity130 significantly increased protein and mRNA expressions of @entity4665 in gastric fundus and antrum. AEA suppressed burn-induced increase in protein expressions, but not mRNA expressions of @entity4665 . CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Burn @entity1819 by up-regulating @entity4665 attributed to sympathetic overactivity. AEA improves burn-induced delay in @entity356 , possibly mediated via the sympathetic- @entity4665 pathway.

title: Auricular vagal nerve stimulation ameliorates burn-induced XXXX via sympathetic- @entity4665 pathways in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['injury delays gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dysmotility', 'gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Burn injury', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric dysmotility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity130 has been demonstrated to delay @entity356 . The aim of this study was to investigate effects and cellular mechanisms of auricular electroacupuncture (AEA) at the acupoints innervated by the auricular branch of vagus nerve on burn-induced @entity356 in @entity35 . METHODS: @entity1169 (b-adrenoceptor antagonist) was injected intraperitoneally after the @entity35 underwent @entity130 . All experiments were performed 6 h following burn/sham @entity130 . AEA was performed at bilateral auricular acupoints for 45 min. Electrocardiogram was recorded for 30 min. Plasma hormones were measured; @entity4665 expressions in gastric tissue were measured using western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS: (i) @entity130 delayed @entity356 (p = 0.006) and AEA increased @entity356 by 49% (p = 0.045). (ii) @entity130 evoked a significant elevation in plasma @entity1063 , which was suppressed by AEA. (iii) @entity130 significantly increased protein and mRNA expressions of @entity4665 in gastric fundus and antrum. AEA suppressed burn-induced increase in protein expressions, but not mRNA expressions of @entity4665 . CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Burn @entity1819 by up-regulating @entity4665 attributed to sympathetic overactivity. AEA improves burn-induced delay in @entity356 , possibly mediated via the sympathetic- @entity4665 pathway.

title: Auricular vagal nerve stimulation ameliorates burn-induced @entity356 via sympathetic- XXXX pathways in @entity35 .

answer: @entity4665 :: (26198(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity130 has been demonstrated to delay @entity356 . The aim of this study was to investigate effects and cellular mechanisms of auricular electroacupuncture (AEA) at the acupoints innervated by the auricular branch of vagus nerve on burn-induced @entity356 in @entity35 . METHODS: @entity1169 (b-adrenoceptor antagonist) was injected intraperitoneally after the @entity35 underwent @entity130 . All experiments were performed 6 h following burn/sham @entity130 . AEA was performed at bilateral auricular acupoints for 45 min. Electrocardiogram was recorded for 30 min. Plasma hormones were measured; @entity4665 expressions in gastric tissue were measured using western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS: (i) @entity130 delayed @entity356 (p = 0.006) and AEA increased @entity356 by 49% (p = 0.045). (ii) @entity130 evoked a significant elevation in plasma @entity1063 , which was suppressed by AEA. (iii) @entity130 significantly increased protein and mRNA expressions of @entity4665 in gastric fundus and antrum. AEA suppressed burn-induced increase in protein expressions, but not mRNA expressions of @entity4665 . CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Burn @entity1819 by up-regulating @entity4665 attributed to sympathetic overactivity. AEA improves burn-induced delay in @entity356 , possibly mediated via the sympathetic- @entity4665 pathway.

title: Auricular vagal nerve stimulation ameliorates burn-induced @entity356 via sympathetic- @entity4665 pathways in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity40607 group (PcG) proteins are important epigenetic regulatory proteins that modulate the chromatin state through posttranslational histone modifications. These interacting proteins form multimeric complexes that repress gene expression. Thus, PcG proteins are expected to evolve coordinately, which might be reflected in their phylogenetic trees by concordant episodes of positive selection and by a correlation in evolutionary rates. In order to detect these signals of coevolution, the molecular evolution of 17 genes encoding the subunits of five @entity40607 repressive complexes has been analyzed in the @entity238 genus. The observed distribution of divergence differs substantially among and along proteins. Indeed, @entity71176 is uniformly conserved, whereas only the established protein domains are conserved in other proteins, such as PHO, @entity71177 , @entity71178 , @entity71179 and ASX. Moreover, regions with a low divergence not yet described as protein domains are present, for instance, in @entity71180 and @entity71181 . Maximum likelihood methods indicate an acceleration in the nonsynonymous substitution rate at the lineage ancestral to the obscura group species in most genes encoding subunits of the Pcl-PRC2 complex and in genes @entity71180 , @entity71178 and @entity71182 . These methods also allow inferring the action of positive selection in this lineage at genes E(z) and @entity71180 . Finally, the protein interaction network predicted from the complete proteomes of 12 @entity238 species using a coevolutionary approach shows two tight PcG clusters. These clusters include well-established binary interactions among PcG proteins as well as new putative interactions.Heredity advance online publication, 21 October 2015; doi:10.1038/hdy.2015.91.

title: Adaptive selection and coevolution at the proteins of the @entity40607 repressive complexes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity40607 group (PcG) proteins are important epigenetic regulatory proteins that modulate the chromatin state through posttranslational histone modifications. These interacting proteins form multimeric complexes that repress gene expression. Thus, PcG proteins are expected to evolve coordinately, which might be reflected in their phylogenetic trees by concordant episodes of positive selection and by a correlation in evolutionary rates. In order to detect these signals of coevolution, the molecular evolution of 17 genes encoding the subunits of five @entity40607 repressive complexes has been analyzed in the @entity238 genus. The observed distribution of divergence differs substantially among and along proteins. Indeed, @entity71176 is uniformly conserved, whereas only the established protein domains are conserved in other proteins, such as PHO, @entity71177 , @entity71178 , @entity71179 and ASX. Moreover, regions with a low divergence not yet described as protein domains are present, for instance, in @entity71180 and @entity71181 . Maximum likelihood methods indicate an acceleration in the nonsynonymous substitution rate at the lineage ancestral to the obscura group species in most genes encoding subunits of the Pcl-PRC2 complex and in genes @entity71180 , @entity71178 and @entity71182 . These methods also allow inferring the action of positive selection in this lineage at genes E(z) and @entity71180 . Finally, the protein interaction network predicted from the complete proteomes of 12 @entity238 species using a coevolutionary approach shows two tight PcG clusters. These clusters include well-established binary interactions among PcG proteins as well as new putative interactions.Heredity advance online publication, 21 October 2015; doi:10.1038/hdy.2015.91.

title: Adaptive selection and coevolution at the proteins of the XXXX repressive complexes in @entity238 .

answer: @entity40607 :: (40358(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Polycomb']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The most common @entity703 include clear cell, chromophobe, and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and @entity1637 . While lesions containing hybrid features of different @entity5 types, such as @entity5 , have been well documented in the literature, the finding of a collision @entity5 of two distinct @entity5 types- @entity35642 and @entity1637 -is extremely rare. METHODS: We present a case of @entity35642 associated with an @entity1637 . Our discussion includes a review of the available literature on this rare type of collision @entity5 . RESULTS: Prosection of a partial nephrectomy performed in a 78-year-old @entity1 for painless gross @entity811 and @entity2183 revealed a 6.4 * 5 * 3.6-cm well-delineated orange to yellow-tan mass harboring a white-tan 1 * 0.9 * 0.9-cm mass. Histologic diagnosis of @entity35642 associated with an @entity1637 was rendered. By immunohistochemistry, focal @entity5822 expression was present in the @entity1637 , while strong diffuse positive @entity5822 expression was present in the @entity35642 component. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed trisomy 17 in 39.3% of @entity35642 @entity5 nuclei but no significant chromosomal aberration in @entity1637 . CONCLUSIONS: In view of this and previously reported cases, thorough sectioning and examination, especially in large @entity1637 , is recommended to exclude the presence of an associated @entity5 . To our knowledge, trisomy 17 by FISH has not been previously reported in these extremely rare @entity5 .

title: A Collision Tumor of XXXX and @entity1637 : Case Report and Literature Review.

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytoma', 'oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hybrid oncocytic tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary renal cell carcinomas', 'PRCCs']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal neoplasms']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The most common @entity703 include clear cell, chromophobe, and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and @entity1637 . While lesions containing hybrid features of different @entity5 types, such as @entity5 , have been well documented in the literature, the finding of a collision @entity5 of two distinct @entity5 types- @entity35642 and @entity1637 -is extremely rare. METHODS: We present a case of @entity35642 associated with an @entity1637 . Our discussion includes a review of the available literature on this rare type of collision @entity5 . RESULTS: Prosection of a partial nephrectomy performed in a 78-year-old @entity1 for painless gross @entity811 and @entity2183 revealed a 6.4 * 5 * 3.6-cm well-delineated orange to yellow-tan mass harboring a white-tan 1 * 0.9 * 0.9-cm mass. Histologic diagnosis of @entity35642 associated with an @entity1637 was rendered. By immunohistochemistry, focal @entity5822 expression was present in the @entity1637 , while strong diffuse positive @entity5822 expression was present in the @entity35642 component. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed trisomy 17 in 39.3% of @entity35642 @entity5 nuclei but no significant chromosomal aberration in @entity1637 . CONCLUSIONS: In view of this and previously reported cases, thorough sectioning and examination, especially in large @entity1637 , is recommended to exclude the presence of an associated @entity5 . To our knowledge, trisomy 17 by FISH has not been previously reported in these extremely rare @entity5 .

title: A Collision Tumor of @entity1358 and XXXX : Case Report and Literature Review.

answer: @entity1637 :: (MESH:D018249,Disease) :: ['Oncocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Gastrointestinal involvement of Beh  et's syndrome is usually treated with glucocorticoids, @entity2983 compounds and @entity500 . However, some @entity1 are refractory to these conventional therapy modalities. In this paper we report our experience on 13 @entity1 with @entity344 of Beh  et's syndrome who were refractory to the conventional therapy and who were treated with @entity310 antagonists and/or @entity2816 . METHODS: We reviewed the charts of our Beh  et's syndrome @entity1 with @entity344 and identified those who were treated with @entity310 antagonists and/or @entity2816 . Demographic features, previous and concomitant drugs, previous surgery, time to remission and duration of remission were tabulated. We also performed a systematic review of publications on @entity344 of Beh  et's syndrome @entity1 treated with @entity310 antagonists and/or @entity2816 . RESULTS: Among our 64 @entity1 with @entity344 of Beh  et's syndrome, we identified 13 (20%) (7 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 , mean age 27.4    9.4) who had been treated with @entity310 antagonists and/or @entity2816 . Their previous medications were glucocorticoids (13/13), @entity500 (13/13), @entity2983 derivatives (3/13) and @entity4184 (1/13). Clinical and endoscopic remission was obtained in 10 @entity1 . One @entity1 died with @entity295 . The systematic literature search revealed 91 cases who had used @entity310 antagonists and 15 who had used @entity2816 . Among the @entity1 who had received @entity310 antagonists, clinical remission was obtained in 47/91 @entity1 (51%), while endoscopic remission was observed in 21/46 (45%) who had a control colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: One fifth of our Beh  et's syndrome @entity1 with @entity344 were refractory to conventional treatment modalities. Remission was obtained with @entity310 antagonists and/or @entity2816 in about 75% of the cases.

title: @entity310 antagonists and XXXX for the management of gastrointestinal Beh  et's syndrome refractory to the conventional treatment modalities: a case series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal involvement']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['thalidomide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Gastrointestinal involvement of Beh  et's syndrome is usually treated with glucocorticoids, @entity2983 compounds and @entity500 . However, some @entity1 are refractory to these conventional therapy modalities. In this paper we report our experience on 13 @entity1 with @entity344 of Beh  et's syndrome who were refractory to the conventional therapy and who were treated with @entity310 antagonists and/or @entity2816 . METHODS: We reviewed the charts of our Beh  et's syndrome @entity1 with @entity344 and identified those who were treated with @entity310 antagonists and/or @entity2816 . Demographic features, previous and concomitant drugs, previous surgery, time to remission and duration of remission were tabulated. We also performed a systematic review of publications on @entity344 of Beh  et's syndrome @entity1 treated with @entity310 antagonists and/or @entity2816 . RESULTS: Among our 64 @entity1 with @entity344 of Beh  et's syndrome, we identified 13 (20%) (7 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 , mean age 27.4    9.4) who had been treated with @entity310 antagonists and/or @entity2816 . Their previous medications were glucocorticoids (13/13), @entity500 (13/13), @entity2983 derivatives (3/13) and @entity4184 (1/13). Clinical and endoscopic remission was obtained in 10 @entity1 . One @entity1 died with @entity295 . The systematic literature search revealed 91 cases who had used @entity310 antagonists and 15 who had used @entity2816 . Among the @entity1 who had received @entity310 antagonists, clinical remission was obtained in 47/91 @entity1 (51%), while endoscopic remission was observed in 21/46 (45%) who had a control colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: One fifth of our Beh  et's syndrome @entity1 with @entity344 were refractory to conventional treatment modalities. Remission was obtained with @entity310 antagonists and/or @entity2816 in about 75% of the cases.

title: XXXX antagonists and @entity2816 for the management of gastrointestinal Beh  et's syndrome refractory to the conventional treatment modalities: a case series and review of the literature.

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: In an automatized experiment, with a computer on line, amplitude-temporal parameters of evoked potentials (EPs) to purposive and non-purposive stimuli (digits), were analyzed in normal and @entity1032 @entity1 . At unilateral stimuli presentation to the left or right visual half-fields EPs were recorded simultaneously in projection, @entity5787 , parietal and central areas of the left and right hemispheres. It has been shown that in normal @entity1 , differential involvement of projection and associative structures in the analysis of sensory information takes place in both hemispheres. The amplitudes of most EP components in the range of 100-400 ms to the purposive stimuli are higher than to the non-purposive ones. Considerable similarity of EPs developing in response to ipsi- and contralateral stimulations of visual fields ("direct" and "transmitted" EP) is observed. In @entity1032 @entity1 significant changes are revealed in intra- and interhemisphere organization of the process of perception of purposive and non-purposive stimuli. In the right hemisphere structures there are no differential EP reactions to the two types of stimuli. Significant, in comparison with the norm, prolongation of the latencies of most EP components is noted, especially in the structures of the left hemisphere, to the purposive stimuli. In the process of perception, changes are seen of the integration of functions of both hemispheres. The totality of disturbances of systemic brain organization at perceptive activity in @entity1032 @entity1 may reflect neurophysiological mechanisms of @entity1032 .

title: [Electrophysiologic analysis of the process of recognizing target and non-target stimuli in healthy and oligophrenic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retarded', 'mental deficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term recurrence rate of @entity1 with obscure @entity360 (OGIB) who underwent video capsule endoscopy (VCE) remains unknown. Our study aimed to identify the cumulative incidence of rebleeding, develop a predictive model of rebleeding, and evaluate whether the model can be applied in other outcomes among @entity1 with OGIB. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of 320 @entity1 with OGIB who underwent VCE between 2009 and 2014. A rebleeding model was developed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis and evaluated using Harrell's c-index. RESULTS: Rebleeding occurred in 43 @entity1 (13.4%) during a mean follow-up period of 18.3 (standard error, 0.9) months. The rebleeding sources were the small intestine (n   =   17), extra-small intestine (n   =   13), and unknown (n   =   13). The cumulative incidence of rebleeding was 11.0% at 12   months and 35.3% at 60   months. Multivariate analysis revealed that female, liver @entity82 , @entity1229 use, overt @entity548 , and positive VCE findings were significant predictors of rebleeding. The rebleeding rate was 0% in @entity1 with no predictors and 40% in @entity1 with full predictors (p   <   0.01). The model presented a high predictive accuracy (c-statistic, 0.733). @entity1 with higher predictors exhibited higher transfusion requirements, longer length of stay, and higher mortality (p   <   0.01). CONCLUSION: The cumulative incidence of rebleeding at 12 and 60   months was 11.0% and 35.3%, respectively. Five factors enable prediction of not only rebleeding, but also transfusion requirements, length of stay, and @entity204 in OGIB @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A new predictive model of rebleeding during follow-up of patents with obscure XXXX : A multicenter cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the outcome in @entity1 of eyes with @entity1596 following repeated treatment with @entity619 (Ozurdex) implants. DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional study. METHODS: Twenty-two eyes of 16 pediatric @entity1 with @entity1596 were treated with 35 @entity619 implants at a tertiary referral center. Following implantations, anatomic and functional outcomes, as well as @entity2194 , were noted. Main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity, central retinal thickness, number and dosage of systemic immunosuppression drugs, vitreous haze score, and presence of raised intraocular pressure or @entity231 . RESULTS: Following the first implantation, average best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly from 0.55    0.08 logMAR to 0.37    0.08 logMAR (P  =  .024), central retinal thickness decreased by 219    55   m (P  = .01), and the percentage of eyes achieving a vitreous haze score of 0 increased from 41% to 88% (P  = .006). The median time to relapse following the first injection was 9  months, with a similar response achieved after each repeat implantation. @entity1 previously requiring systemic immunosuppression at the time of the first implantation were able to stop or significantly reduce the dose and number of drugs. In total there were 4  instances of @entity231 progression that were not visually significant and did not require surgical treatment and 6 cases of raised IOP, 5 of which were treated pharmacologically with no surgical intervention required and 1 that required revision of a previous filtration surgery. There were no cases of implant migration into the anterior chamber, @entity3225 , or @entity1713 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity619 implants in @entity1 results in improved retinal thickness and @entity32 , which can improve vision for  several months. Repeat implantations result in continued control of the @entity32 , allowing for reduction of systemic immunosuppression with few @entity2194 .

title: Outcome of Treating XXXX With @entity619 Implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in ocular inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Uveitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the outcome in @entity1 of eyes with @entity1596 following repeated treatment with @entity619 (Ozurdex) implants. DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional study. METHODS: Twenty-two eyes of 16 pediatric @entity1 with @entity1596 were treated with 35 @entity619 implants at a tertiary referral center. Following implantations, anatomic and functional outcomes, as well as @entity2194 , were noted. Main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity, central retinal thickness, number and dosage of systemic immunosuppression drugs, vitreous haze score, and presence of raised intraocular pressure or @entity231 . RESULTS: Following the first implantation, average best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly from 0.55    0.08 logMAR to 0.37    0.08 logMAR (P  =  .024), central retinal thickness decreased by 219    55   m (P  = .01), and the percentage of eyes achieving a vitreous haze score of 0 increased from 41% to 88% (P  = .006). The median time to relapse following the first injection was 9  months, with a similar response achieved after each repeat implantation. @entity1 previously requiring systemic immunosuppression at the time of the first implantation were able to stop or significantly reduce the dose and number of drugs. In total there were 4  instances of @entity231 progression that were not visually significant and did not require surgical treatment and 6 cases of raised IOP, 5 of which were treated pharmacologically with no surgical intervention required and 1 that required revision of a previous filtration surgery. There were no cases of implant migration into the anterior chamber, @entity3225 , or @entity1713 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity619 implants in @entity1 results in improved retinal thickness and @entity32 , which can improve vision for  several months. Repeat implantations result in continued control of the @entity32 , allowing for reduction of systemic immunosuppression with few @entity2194 .

title: Outcome of Treating @entity1596 With XXXX Implants.

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: Epidemiologic studies of the relationships between vitamins and 3 types of @entity5 are reviewed. First, the widely reported association between @entity904 and @entity2066 and risk of @entity2 is considered. In a large population-based case-control study of @entity2 among white males in New Jersey, increased intake of vegetables, dark green vegetables, dark yellow-orange vegetables, and carotenoids were each associated with reduced risk, but intake of @entity904 or total @entity904 was not related. The protective effect of vegetables was limited to current and recent cigarette smokers, which suggests that vegetable intake prevents a late-stage event in @entity105 . Consumption of dark yellow-orange vegetables was consistently more predictive of reduced risk than either the total carotenoid index or consumption of any other food group, possible because of the high content of @entity2066 in this food group. The results and limitations of other epidemiologic studies of diet and @entity2 are reviewed. Second, the evolving relationship between multiple micronutrient @entity418 is discussed. In a death certificate-based case-control study of @entity418 in black males in Washington, D.C., several indicators of general nutritional status, including consumption of fresh or frozen meat and fish, dairy products and eggs, and fruit and vegetables, and the number of meals eaten per day, were inversely and independently correlated with the risk of @entity418 . Estimates of intake of micronutrients, such as carotenoids, @entity620 , @entity15854 , and @entity8728 , were less strongly associated with reduced risk than were the broad food groups that provide most of each micronutrient. Thus no single micronutrient deficiency was identified. Other studies suggest that generally poor nutrition may partially explain the susceptibility of urban black @entity1 to @entity418 . Finally, the postulated association between low @entity1501 levels and risk of @entity5 is examined. Among @entity1 who use oral contraceptives, serum and red blood cell folacin levels were reported to be lower among those with @entity3799 . In a clinical trial involving oral contraceptive users, @entity3799 gradually decreased in the group supplemented with oral @entity1501 but remained unchanged in the group given the placebo. Other epidemiologic studies of diet and @entity5 are discussed.

title: Epidemiologic studies of vitamins and XXXX , esophagus, and cervix.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folate', 'folacin']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'deficiencies and esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['cancer of the lung']


abstract: Infection by Strongyloides stercoralis is a highly prevalent @entity15235 , which is mostly distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Although a substantial number of cases are asymptomatic or paucisymtomatic, severe and life-threatening forms of this @entity281 still occur and not infrequently is lately diagnosed. Gram-negative bacteria @entity295 , which frequently accompanies the severe @entity15235 , contributes to the high mortality rate. Severe @entity281 is invariably triggered by any imbalance in the host's immunity, favoring the auto-infective cycle, which increases the intraluminal parasite burden enormously. Clinical presentation of severe cases is varied, and diagnosis requires a high suspicion index. Acute abdomen has been reported in association with S. stercoralis @entity281 , but intestinal @entity39 is rarely found during the surgical approach. The authors report the case of a @entity1 who sought the emergency unit with recent onset @entity490 . Clinical and imaging features were consistent with obstructive acute abdomen. Scattered adhesions and a necrotic ileal segment with a tiny perforation represented the surgical findings. The @entity1 outcome was unfavorable and respiratory distress required an open lung biopsy. Both surgical specimens showed S. stercoralis @entity281 . Unfortunately the @entity1 underwent @entity881 and @entity295 , and subsequently died. The authors call attention to the finding of intestinal @entity39 and @entity1319 as possibilities for the diagnosis and risk factor, respectively, for a severe @entity281 of S. stercoralis.

title: Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['impaired intestinal motility disorder']

entities_list: @entity15235 :: ('MESH:D006373', 'Disease') :: ['helminthiasis']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['impaired intestinal motility disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe glucagon prescription patterns in @entity1 with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) who received an initial insulin prescription. METHODS: Retrospective analyses were conducted with data from Truven Health MarketScan databases to assess time to glucagon prescriptions: filled within 1.5 months after index date (early) or after 1.5 months postindex (nonearly). The index date was the date of first insulin prescription between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2011; for T2DM, without an insulin prescription in the previous 6 months; for T1DM, @entity6 diagnosis preindex or within 3 months postindex. RESULTS: Analysis included 8,814 @entity1 with T1DM and 47,051 with T2DM (49.3% and 2.4%, respectively) who had glucagon prescriptions filled. The median times to first glucagon prescription were 196 days (T1DM) and 288 days (T2DM). The rates of filling glucagon were highest in the first 1.5 months. The times to first @entity4053 -related emergency room (ER) visit for T1DM and T2DM cohorts were initially similar for those with early glucagon versus nonearly glucagon prescriptions. After 10.8 and 2.5 months postindex, respectively, the percentage of @entity4053 -related ER visits was lower for those with early glucagon prescriptions. CONCLUSION: Glucagon prescriptions filled for @entity1 with @entity6 who are initiating insulin are low. @entity1 with T1DM who were younger and healthier filled glucagon prescriptions more often; @entity1 with T2DM who were younger and sicker and had a higher percentage of @entity4053 -related ER visit history filled glucagon prescriptions more often. Glucagon filled early was associated with a lower incidence of @entity4053 -related ER visits. ABBREVIATIONS: ADA = American @entity6 Association CCI = Charlson comorbidity index CI = confidence interval ER = emergency room GBM = gradient boosting method HR = hazard ratio KM = Kaplan-Meier NPH = neutral protamine Hagedorn T1DM = type 1 @entity6 T2DM = type 2 @entity6 .

title: GLUCAGON PRESCRIPTION PATTERNS IN XXXX WITH EITHER TYPE 1 OR 2 DIABETES WITH NEWLY PRESCRIBED INSULIN.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blue light with peak emission around 460   nm is the preferred treatment of neonatal @entity3638 . However, studies using fluorescent light tubes have suggested that turquoise light with peak emission at 490   nm may be more efficient. At present, the predominant light source for phototherapy is @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ). Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the @entity648 -reducing effect in @entity4837 treated either with turquoise or with blue LED light with peak emission at 497 or 459   nm, respectively, with equal irradiance on the @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with gestational age >= 33   wk and uncomplicated @entity3638 were randomized to either turquoise or blue LED light and were treated for 24   h. The mean irradiance footprint at skin level was 5.2   *   10(15) and 5.1   *   10(15) photons/cm(2)/s, respectively. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 received turquoise light and 45 received blue light. The median (95% confidence interval) decrease of total serum @entity648 was 35.3% (32.5; 37.3) and 33.1% (27.1; 36.8) for @entity1 treated with turquoise and blue lights, respectively. The difference was nonsignificant (P = 0.53). The decrease was positively correlated to postnatal age and negatively to birth weight. CONCLUSION: Using LED light of equal irradiance, turquoise and blue lights had equal @entity648 -reducing effect on @entity3638 of neonates.

title: Effect of phototherapy with turquoise vs. blue LED light of equal irradiance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced neonates']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['light emitting diodes', 'LEDs']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity4837 :: (MESH:D007567,Disease) :: ['jaundiced neonates']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study was to analyze the local efficacy and eye retention rate after frameless, image-guided robotic radiosurgery against @entity2184 . A total of 217 @entity1 , mostly with medium and large unilateral uveal @entity320 (3% small, 62% medium, and 35% large) were treated. The median age was 64 years (range 21-95 years). All @entity1 underwent a single-session procedure beginning with retrobulbar anesthesia, followed by MRI and computerized tomography scanning to generate the treatment plan. The @entity5 dose was 18-22   Gy (mean, 20.3   Gy) prescribed to the 70% isodose line. Follow-up occurred at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months and yearly thereafter with clinical, ultrasound, and MRI studies. The median follow-up time was 26.4 months. All @entity1 were treated in the frameless setup within 3   h. The actuarial 3- and 5-year eye retention rates were 86.7 and 73%, respectively. Local control at 3 and 5 years was 87.4 and 70.8%, respectively. Serviceable vision was maintained in 30.9% of @entity1 at last follow-up. Treatment-induced @entity726 developed in 33 @entity1 at a median 20.8 months (range, 5.8-54.0 months). Other adverse effects were @entity548 (26 @entity1 ) and @entity1103 (seven @entity1 ). Frameless, single-session, image-guided robotic radiosurgery is an effective and straightforward treatment option for @entity1 with medium and large @entity2184 that are otherwise difficult to treat.

title: Robotic radiosurgery for the treatment of medium and large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: There were 16 cases of orbital recurrence in a consecutive series of 317 @entity1 with @entity995 referred to a specialist centre. The incidence of orbital relapse amongst @entity1 treated at the centre from the outset of their disease was 2.5%. In every case the @entity1 was the first affected family member. The @entity5 was therefore not anticipated and had commonly been detected at an advanced stage. Systemic staging investigations detected extraorbital spread in six of the 16 and none of these @entity1 survived. One of the remaining ten @entity1 with no evidence of dissemination at the time of diagnosis of orbital recurrence is a long-term survivor. No @entity1 survived after orbital exenteration or radical orbital radiotherapy alone. Three @entity1 received a combination of radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Only one of the three was free from @entity262 at relapse and this @entity1 is the only survivor. In @entity1 apparently free from widespread @entity995 at diagnosis of orbital recurrence, distant relapse was the commonest cause of @entity204 though several @entity1 died from direct intracranial extension. It is advocated that orbital recurrence of @entity995 is treated by excision biopsy of the @entity5 mass followed by radical orbital radiotherapy to a dose of 50 Gy. This should be combined with adjuvant chemotherapy and, where a risk of direct intracranial extension exists, by neuraxis irradiation. No other @entity1 in this series with evidence of local extraocular extension of @entity995 at enucleation and who had received radical orbital radiotherapy to a full dose of 50 Gy subsequently recurred in the orbit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Orbital recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ocular tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: @entity1649 ( @entity1649 ) is a disorder characterized by unilateral involuntary @entity2473 of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). The etiology is often a redundant or ectatic artery in the cerebellopontine angle that compresses the facial nerve. Neurosurgical decompression with implantation of a sponge between the ectatic artery and the facial nerve produces good results, but has a high complication rate and a poor @entity1 acceptance rate. Various modes of peripheral neurectomy have also been advocated, but the recurrence rate is high and the preexisting functional and cosmetic eyelid deformities are exacerbated. The results of unilateral periorbital myectomy in 21 @entity1649 @entity1 are presented. Follow-up ranging from 1 to 7 years was available on 16 @entity1 . Excellent or good results were obtained in 94% of these cases, and @entity260 were minor. Transient @entity4269 and forehead anesthesia are the most common complications. An unforseen benefit of periorbital myectomy surgery is the improvement or relief of lower facial contractions that occurred in 75% of @entity1 . The authors believe the myectomy procedure is a safe, effective, predictable therapy for those @entity1649 @entity1 unwilling to risk a neurosurgical operation, and allows simultaneous reconstruction of associated eyelid and @entity85 .

title: XXXX . Results of unilateral myectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['eyebrow deformities']

entities_list: @entity1649 :: ('MESH:D019569', 'Disease') :: ['HFS', 'Hemifacial spasm']

answer: @entity1649 :: (MESH:D019569,Disease) :: ['Hemifacial spasm']


abstract: In a consecutive series of 75 @entity1 with unstable cervical spine injuries treated with halo-vest, 1976-1984, a total of 14 @entity1 (comprising 18.7%) had odontoid @entity174 . Of the @entity1 with odontoid @entity174 , 1 @entity1 had an incomplete @entity10492 . All @entity1 except 1 were treated within the first day after the @entity130 . A total of 50% were injured in motor vehicle accidents. The odontoid fracture was reduced by skull traction and then stabilized with a halo-vest for 12 weeks. One @entity1 died within the first 2 weeks after the injury. There were no other serious complications during the treatment. The initial dislocation and reduction was studied. Ten @entity1 were followed-up after 2 years. Another 2 @entity1 died of other causes during that time. One had an Anderson-d'Alonzo @entity174 that failed to unite. Different prognostic factors were analyzed. @entity174 gap and fracture type may have contributed to nonunion. Only 1 @entity1 was totally free from symptoms after 2 years. The halo-vest was well tolerated in all @entity1 and assured a high percentage of healing.

title: Odontoid XXXX treated with halo-vest.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'Type II fracture']

entities_list: @entity10492 :: ('MESH:C565722', 'Disease') :: ['tetraparesis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: It has been found in our laboratory that compression induces disaggregation and decompression induces aggregation of @entity1 platelets. The experimental design was based on the premise that oppositely charged @entity535 residues of @entity2002 are juxtaposed in the specific adhesive site(s). This can be explained by the principle of Le Chateller. Under compression, electrically charged groups gain layers of water molecules which are radially oriented and pulled in closer to the center of the charge, thus making the layer more compact. This increases the thickness of the shield, thus inactivating or disaggregating the platelets. Conversely, decompression drives the water away from the compact shield; water molecules are randomized into the bulk phase; the shield becomes thinner, thus permitting spontaneous aggregation of platelets. It is well known that increasing the concentration of neutral salt can inhibit @entity1423 . This is due to the increase of ionic strength which attenuates the electric charge and thickens the shield. Molecules having a large electric dipole moment can inhibit @entity1423 by a similar mechanism. It is generally accepted that @entity2002 is involved in @entity1423 . However, it is not known whether or not @entity2002 is essential for @entity1423 inducible by decompression. Here we present data indicating that @entity2002 is essential in decompression-inducible @entity1423 . We also present experimental data which show that high hydraulic pressure inhibits @entity1423 , consistent with our premise that electrically charged groups are involved in the initial phase of @entity1423 .

title: Compression inhibits aggregation of XXXX platelets under high hydraulic pressure.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: From February 1983 to December 1985, the authors investigated 19 african @entity1 with @entity4614 in Niamey (Republic of @entity3456 ). A 15 points diagnostic score was systematically used. Two signs were indispensable for the diagnosis: post-partum agalactia (or severe @entity5535 ) and @entity2588 . At least 9 points score was found for every case. Eighteen @entity1 lived along a major road in Niamey and in Dosso departments. The prevalence of this disease is probably important but many cases were not diagnosed since there was no medical examination. @entity4614 was predominantly diagnosed among Fulani @entity1 . Young @entity1 (mean age: 26 years) in intensive sexual life, primiparous (8/9) or multiparous (11/19) were concerned. Emergence circumstances of signs were: childbirth at home (18/19), severe @entity3556 at placental birth (14/19), rare transfusions (2/19). The @entity1 of a mother with @entity4614 had a poor prognosis: 9 deaths among 11 deliveries for multiparous, 7/8 for monoparous. The @entity1 were stillborn or more often dead during the first months. Deaths were in relation to absence of maternal lactation. For the primiparous, then infertile @entity1 because of @entity4614 , the repudiation becomes often the only social way of life. Lasting hormonotherapy was not available because 18/19 @entity1 were very poor. Prevention is not possible before long, especially in primiparous, because of: the mentality: the first delivery at home with the mother is the traditional habit; the importance of the required measures.

title: [Sheehan syndrome in the Republic of XXXX . 19 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5535 :: ('MESH:D007775', 'Disease') :: ['hypogalactia']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism', "Sheehan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity3456 :: (4230,Species) :: ['Niger']


abstract: UVB-induced @entity5105 , delayed tanning (DT), and UVA-induced immediate tanning (IT) in Japanese were investigated on the skin of the backs of 65 healthy subjects. The subjects were classified according to @entity272 ( @entity272 ) based on personal history of sun-reactivity. Skin color was determined by skin reflectance using a Value Reflex Meter. With monochromatic UVR at wavelengths of 290 and 305 nm, minimal @entity5105 dose (MED) and minimal melanogenic dose (MMD) were recorded at 24 h and 7 d after irradiation. Fading response of DT after the sunlamp-irradiation was measured by skin reflectance. Minimal IT dose (MITD) was observed immediately after irradiation with monochromatic UVR at wavelengths of 320, 340, 360, and 400 nm. The MED was exactly correlated with @entity272 . The MED and the MMD increased with increasing @entity272 , and with decreasing skin reflectance. The MMD was greater than the corresponding MED for individuals of all @entity272 classes. The MITD was correlated with neither @entity272 nor skin color. The action spectrum for IT showed a maximum at the wavelength of 320 nm and decreased gradually towards 400 nm.

title: UVB-induced XXXX , delayed tanning, and UVA-induced immediate tanning in Japanese skin.

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['JST', 'Japanese skin type']

answer: @entity5105 :: (MESH:D004890,Disease) :: ['erythema']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity356 in fundic @entity4726 is probably greater than previously recognized. To help elucidate the clinicopathology of this syndrome, we report a series of 11 @entity1 with solitary or multicentric @entity5 . In these @entity1 , basal @entity8243 levels and density of fundic mucosal endocrine cells were greater than that for @entity1 with uncomplicated fundic @entity4726 (p = 0.02 and p = 0.002, respectively). The @entity5 , of which the largest measured 30 mm, frequently showed characteristic endoscopic features. They were all situated in the fundic mucosa, which showed micronodular endocrine cell @entity1373 . Small, endoscopically evident tumorlets, or "early @entity4303 ," limited to the lamina propria were observed in some @entity1 . These lesions may represent intermediate stages between micronodules and invasive @entity4303 , all of which infiltrated at least into the muscularis mucosae of the gastric wall. Although some consistent characteristics features were noted, there were structural variations. The cells were argyrophil but nonargentaffin and did not stain with conventional mucus stains. They did not stain significantly for @entity787 ( @entity787 ). The secretory product of these @entity5 remains to be identified. Ultrastructurally, some @entity5 were mainly composed of enterochromaffinlike (ECL) cells, but in other @entity5 most of the cells could not be classified.

title: XXXX associated with the syndrome of hypergastrinemic @entity4726 . A prospective analysis of 11 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'polypoid tumors', 'carcinoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoid']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric carcinoid']