abstract: Increasing consumer concern exists over the relationship between food composition and @entity1 health. Because of the known effects of @entity1718 on @entity1 health, the development of a quick, inexpensive, and accurate method to directly quantify the @entity844 (FA) composition in milk would be valuable for milk processors to develop a payment system for milk pertinent to their customer requirements and for farmers to adapt their feeding systems and breeding strategies accordingly. The aim of this study was (1) to confirm the ability of mid-infrared spectrometry (MIR) to quantify individual FA content in milk by using an innovative procedure of sampling (i.e., samples were collected from @entity291 belonging to different breeds, different countries, and in different production systems); (2) to compare 6 mathematical methods to develop robust calibration equations for predicting the contents of individual FA in milk; and (3) to test interest in using the FA equations developed in milk as basis to predict FA content in fat without corrections for the slope and the bias of the developed equations. In total, 517 samples selected based on their spectral variability in 3 countries (Belgium, Ireland, and United Kingdom) from various breeds, @entity291 , and production systems were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The samples presenting the largest spectral variability were used to calibrate the prediction of FA by MIR. The remaining samples were used to externally validate the 28 FA equations developed. The 6 methods were (1) @entity2357 ( @entity2357 ); (2) @entity2357 +repeatability file (REP); (3) first derivative of spectral data+ @entity2357 ; (4) first derivative+REP+ @entity2357 ; (5) second derivative of spectral data+ @entity2357 ; and (6) second derivative+REP+ @entity2357 . Methods were compared on the basis of the cross-validation coefficient of determination (R2cv), the ratio of standard deviation of GC values to the standard error of cross-validation (RPD), and the validation coefficient of determination (R2v). The third and fourth methods had, on average, the highest R2cv, RPD, and R2v. The final equations were built using all GC and the best accuracy was observed for the infrared predictions of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, @entity40707 , C18:1 trans, C18:1 cis-9, C18:1 cis, and for some groups of FA studied in milk (saturated, monounsaturated, unsaturated, short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain FA). These equations showed R2cv greater than 0.95. With R2cv equal to 0.85, the MIR prediction of polyunsaturated FA could be used to screen the @entity291 population. As previously published, infrared predictions of FA in fat are less accurate than those developed from FA content in milk (g/dL of milk) and no better results were obtained by using milk FA predictions if no corrections for bias and slope based on reference milk samples with known contents of FA were used. These results indicate the usefulness of equations with R2cv greater than 95% in milk payment systems and the usefulness of equations with R2cv greater than 75% for animal breeding purposes.

title: Mid-infrared prediction of XXXX milk @entity1718 across multiple breeds, production systems, and countries.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Postoperative awake @entity1 may have significant residual @entity4094 . In awake @entity1 , the results of accelerometry are affected by extra movements to which the thumb may be subject. In this study, we evaluated the repeatability of @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) ratio using acceleromyography in 253 @entity1 recovering from anesthesia. Immediately after arrival in the postanesthesia care unit, the ulnar nerve was stimulated with @entity3370 stimulation. The evoked response at the thumb was measured by the @entity3370 -Watch apparatus. The current intensity was 30 mA. Two @entity3370 stimulations were applied and recorded at 30-s intervals. A Bland-Altman test was used. The Kappa (kappa) test for clinical agreement between the two measurements was also calculated according to the presence or absence of a residual @entity4094 , defined as a @entity3370 ratio <0.9. According to the presence of a residual @entity4094 , the paired @entity3370 ratios were discordant in 61 @entity1 (24%; 95% confidence interval, 21%-27%). The kappa test indicated a moderate agreement (k = 0.47). We demonstrated that accelerometry as used in this study is not always accurate. Two isolated acceleromyograph @entity3370 ratios are not an accurate representation of the neuromuscular status of the @entity1 recovering from anesthesia. IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians should be aware that acceleromyography as used in this study does not always provide precise @entity3370 ratio measurements. Two isolated acceleromyograph @entity3370 ratios are not an accurate representation of the neuromuscular status of the @entity1 recovering from anesthesia.

title: Assessing residual XXXX using acceleromyography can be deceptive in postoperative awake @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade', 'neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'train-of-four']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular blockade']


abstract: Postoperative awake @entity1 may have significant residual @entity4094 . In awake @entity1 , the results of accelerometry are affected by extra movements to which the thumb may be subject. In this study, we evaluated the repeatability of @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) ratio using acceleromyography in 253 @entity1 recovering from anesthesia. Immediately after arrival in the postanesthesia care unit, the ulnar nerve was stimulated with @entity3370 stimulation. The evoked response at the thumb was measured by the @entity3370 -Watch apparatus. The current intensity was 30 mA. Two @entity3370 stimulations were applied and recorded at 30-s intervals. A Bland-Altman test was used. The Kappa (kappa) test for clinical agreement between the two measurements was also calculated according to the presence or absence of a residual @entity4094 , defined as a @entity3370 ratio <0.9. According to the presence of a residual @entity4094 , the paired @entity3370 ratios were discordant in 61 @entity1 (24%; 95% confidence interval, 21%-27%). The kappa test indicated a moderate agreement (k = 0.47). We demonstrated that accelerometry as used in this study is not always accurate. Two isolated acceleromyograph @entity3370 ratios are not an accurate representation of the neuromuscular status of the @entity1 recovering from anesthesia. IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians should be aware that acceleromyography as used in this study does not always provide precise @entity3370 ratio measurements. Two isolated acceleromyograph @entity3370 ratios are not an accurate representation of the neuromuscular status of the @entity1 recovering from anesthesia.

title: Assessing residual @entity4094 using acceleromyography can be deceptive in postoperative awake XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In animal hearts, the magnitude of integrated ultrasonic backscatter is increased in @entity1562 . Our purpose in this study was to quantitate the relationship between ultrasonic backscatter and collagen deposition in 10 excised @entity1 hearts with old @entity1188 . A 2.25 MHz, 50% fractional bandwidth transducer was positioned at the transducer focal distance from the epicardium of each specimen. The radio frequency backscatter signal was digitized, squared, and integrated to yield the integrated ultrasonic backscatter, which was referenced to the backscatter from a water/steel interface. The interrogated myocardium was then excised and divided into two portions. One portion was assayed for @entity720 , a marker for collagen. A second portion was sectioned, stained with Masson's trichrome, and studied with the use of a computer-assisted image analysis system. There was a linear correlation between the magnitude of integrated backscatter and myocardial collagen content estimated by @entity720 assay (r = .78). Quantitative histologic analysis revealed a variable relationship between the transmural distribution of collagen and the corresponding transmural pattern of the backscatter signal. In two specimens exhibiting a discrete @entity82 , the backscatter amplitude was also increased in the subendocardial region. In specimens with other patterns of @entity82 , the local backscatter amplitude did not correspond to the transmural pattern of collagen distribution. We conclude that the quantitative analysis of ultrasonic backscatter shows promise for the noninvasive evaluation of @entity296 after @entity1188 .

title: Assessment of XXXX in infarcted @entity1 hearts by analysis of ultrasonic backscatter.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['layer of subendocardial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic myocardium']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: In animal hearts, the magnitude of integrated ultrasonic backscatter is increased in @entity1562 . Our purpose in this study was to quantitate the relationship between ultrasonic backscatter and collagen deposition in 10 excised @entity1 hearts with old @entity1188 . A 2.25 MHz, 50% fractional bandwidth transducer was positioned at the transducer focal distance from the epicardium of each specimen. The radio frequency backscatter signal was digitized, squared, and integrated to yield the integrated ultrasonic backscatter, which was referenced to the backscatter from a water/steel interface. The interrogated myocardium was then excised and divided into two portions. One portion was assayed for @entity720 , a marker for collagen. A second portion was sectioned, stained with Masson's trichrome, and studied with the use of a computer-assisted image analysis system. There was a linear correlation between the magnitude of integrated backscatter and myocardial collagen content estimated by @entity720 assay (r = .78). Quantitative histologic analysis revealed a variable relationship between the transmural distribution of collagen and the corresponding transmural pattern of the backscatter signal. In two specimens exhibiting a discrete @entity82 , the backscatter amplitude was also increased in the subendocardial region. In specimens with other patterns of @entity82 , the local backscatter amplitude did not correspond to the transmural pattern of collagen distribution. We conclude that the quantitative analysis of ultrasonic backscatter shows promise for the noninvasive evaluation of @entity296 after @entity1188 .

title: Assessment of @entity82 in infarcted XXXX hearts by analysis of ultrasonic backscatter.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polysomnography is used to assess sleep quality and to gauge the functional effect of @entity25 . Few population-based data are available to estimate the variation in sleep architecture across the population and the extent to which @entity387 ( @entity387 ), a common health condition, contributes to poor sleep independent of other factors. The objective of this study was to describe the population variability in sleep quality and to quantify the independent associations with @entity387 . METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses were performed on data from 2685 @entity1 , aged 37 to 92 years, in a community-based multicenter cohort study. Dependent measures included the percentage time in each sleep stage, the arousal index, and sleep efficiency. Independent measures were age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidity status, and the respiratory disturbance index. RESULTS: Lighter sleep was found in @entity1 relative to @entity1 and in American Indians and blacks relative to other ethnic groups. Increasing age was associated with @entity25 in @entity1 , with less consistent associations in @entity1 . Notably, @entity1 had, on average, 106% more slow wave sleep. @entity25 @entity1353 was associated with poorer sleep; however, these associations were generally smaller than associations with sex, ethnicity, and age. Current smokers had lighter sleep than ex-smokers or never smokers. Obesity had little effect on sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep architecture varies with sex, age, ethnicity, and @entity387 . Individual assessment of the effect of @entity387 on sleep quality needs to account for other host characteristics. @entity1 , but not @entity1 , show evidence of poorer sleep with aging, suggesting important sex differences in sleep physiology.

title: The effects of age, sex, ethnicity, and sleep-disordered XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'Sleep-disordered', 'impaired sleep']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing', 'SDB']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['breathing on sleep architecture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The natural course of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is variable and the role of immunosuppressive therapy is controversial. In our centre, the strategy has been conservative: the immunomodulating treatment (glucocorticoids and/or @entity205 ) has been targeted to @entity1 at high risk of developing progressive @entity8 and the cytotoxic drugs have been used cautiously. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate the efficacy of this strategy. METHODS: We evaluated the clinical course and outcome of @entity8 @entity1 diagnosed between 1993 and 2003. Risk assessment was done during an observation period of >= 6 months after the initial renal biopsy. @entity1 were followed up until death, the development of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) or the last clinical visit (before December 2006). Treatments and their side effects were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-two @entity1 with @entity8 were diagnosed of which 81 were idiopathic. The clinical course of 76 @entity8 @entity1 (38 high risk and 38 low risk) were followed up [mean duration 66    40 (median 59) months]. Thirty-five @entity1 were treated with immunosuppressive drugs, and at last follow-up, 71% of them were in complete or partial remission. The overall response rate of this therapy was 83%. 11% of the high-risk @entity1 had reached @entity454 . For the high-risk @entity1 , 10-year survival (alive with glomerular filtration rate >10 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)) was 79%. No major side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that targeted, stepwise, cytotoxic drug-sparing immunosuppressive treatment in @entity8 was associated with favourable renal, as well as overall survival among @entity1 at risk of developing @entity454 .

title: Outcome of XXXX using targeted stepwise immunosuppressive treatment strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy', 'IMN', 'renal disease', 'idiopathic membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['idiopathic membranous nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The possible impact of corneal thickness, curvature, and size on the measurement of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) has largely been ignored in the normal eye. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible impact of the main corneal parameters on the analysis of @entity1358 values at the central, superior, and temporal parts of the corneal surface. METHODS: All 75 @entity1 (52 females, 23 males) were assessed as part of a pre- @entity231 surgery investigation. The mean age was 75.7 ( @entity168 10.9) years. Confocal microscopy was used to measure @entity1358 and the percentage of six sided cells at the central, superior, and temporal parts of the @entity267 . The Orbscan II topography system was used to measure corneal thickness, topography, and horizontal corneal diameter. RESULTS: The mean central @entity1358 measured was 2488 ( @entity168 301) cells/mm(2), compared with 2525 ( @entity168 505) cells/mm(2) in the temporal @entity267 and 2639 ( @entity168 398) cells/mm(2) in the superior @entity267 . The regional differences in @entity1358 were not significant (p>0.14). The central @entity1358 was significantly correlated to the central (mean 0.593 ( @entity168 0.039) mm, p = 0.021) as well as the temporal (0.628 ( @entity168 0.039) mm, p<0.001) and the superior corneal thickness ( @entity168 0.644 ( @entity168 0.048) mm, p = 0.018). The mean corneal curvature at the centre (7.7 ( @entity168 0.34) mm, p = 0.002) as well as 3 and 5 mm from the apex was significantly related to @entity1358 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that in an older population, lower @entity1358 values would be expected in thinner and/or steeper corneas.

title: The effects of corneal parameters on the assessment of XXXX in the elderly eye.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial cell density', 'ECD']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['endothelial cell density']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To the best of our knowledge, there are currently no recorded cytologic features of any effusion from @entity298 showing cytologic findings linked to rheumatoid @entity456 , although @entity14931 have been described in the peritoneum. CASE: A 75-year-old @entity1 with longstanding, poorly controlled @entity309 was seen in our hospital after a motor vehicle collision. Computed tomography showed free fluid in the abdominal cavity. Laparoscopic examination revealed a large amount of nonhemorrhagic @entity843 fluid and no traumatic intraabdominal injuries. Abdominal and peritoneal surfaces appeared completely normal. The @entity843 fluid was aspirated through the laparoscope and sent for cytologic examination. Cytospin preparations revealed histiocytes and loosely cohesive clusters of small cytologically bland epithelioid cells amid acute inflammatory cells and granular @entity39 . Cell block material displayed transected fibroconnective tissue fragments lined by hyperplastic mesothelium with @entity1544 . Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the mesothelial cells were positive for calretinin, @entity4205 , and @entity4206 . CONCLUSION: The ascites was attributed to peritoneal disease from @entity309 , based on the cytologic findings, immuno-profile, exclusion of other possible causes (i.e., @entity82 , @entity1985 , @entity6518 , or drugs), and @entity1 's clinical setting.

title: Laparoscopic aspiration cytology in XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic debris']

entities_list: @entity14931 :: ('MESH:D012218', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid nodules']

entities_list: @entity6518 :: ('MESH:D011504', 'Disease') :: ['protein-losing enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural disease']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid ascites']


abstract: The effect of the products of autolysis on @entity2928 serovar pomona was investigated in @entity291 kidney tissues and urine inoculated with this organism. No viable leptospires were found at 24 h or subsequently after inoculation of kidney tissues or urine. Leptospires and their soluble antigens were rapidly destroyed in tissues stored at 20 degrees C and could not be detected by the fluorescent-antibody test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. On the other hand, leptospires were detectable by dark-field microscopy and fluorescent-antibody test 38 days after addition to urine. The rate of destruction proceeded less rapidly in tissues stored at 4 degrees C. Under the conditions of this study, soluble leptospiral antigen levels decreased less rapidly than did the number of detectable leptospires. Similarly, breakdown of leptospires, demonstrated by dark-field microscopy and fluorescent-antibody test, progressed during the first 5 days after inoculation of urine, when levels of soluble leptospiral antigen remained constant. Although the number of intact leptospires was markedly reduced after freezing of tissues at -20 degrees C, soluble leptospiral antigen levels remained unaltered. Neither intact leptospires nor their soluble antigens were detected after preservation of tissues in @entity406 . However, formolization of urine delayed the destruction of leptospires and increased the levels of soluble leptospiral antigen during at least the first 5 days after inoculation. These results indicate that assays such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay should be useful for the detection of soluble leptospiral antigens in urine and in autolyzing tissues such as those taken from a @entity291 fetus aborted as a result of @entity281 .

title: Effects of products of autolysis of tissue and urine on the viability, morphology, and antigenicity of XXXX serovar pomona.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['leptospiral infection']

entities_list: @entity2928 :: ('173', 'Species') :: ['Leptospira interrogans']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formalin']

answer: @entity2928 :: (173,Species) :: ['Leptospira interrogans']


abstract: The gonococcal @entity69 receptor is composed of two distinct proteins, @entity20117 and TbpB. @entity20117 is a member of the TonB-dependent family of integral outer membrane transporters, while TbpB is lipid modified and thought to be peripherally surface exposed. We previously proposed a hypothetical topology model for gonococcal @entity20117 that was based upon computer predictions and similarity with other TonB-dependent transporters for which crystal structures have been determined. In the present study, the hemagglutinin epitope was inserted into @entity20117 to probe the surface topology of this protein and secondarily to test the functional impacts of site-specific mutagenesis. Twelve epitope insertion mutants were constructed, five of which allowed us to confirm the surface exposure of loops 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10. In contrast to the predictions set forth by the hypothetical model, insertion into the plug region resulted in an epitope that was surface accessible, while epitope insertions into two putative loops (9 and 11) were not surface accessible. Insertions into putative loop 3 and beta strand 9 abolished @entity69 binding and utilization, and the plug insertion mutant exhibited decreased @entity69 -binding affinity concomitant with an inability to utilize it. Insertion into putative beta strand 16 generated a mutant that was able to bind @entity69 normally but that was unable to mediate utilization. Mutants with insertions into putative loops 2, 9, and 11 maintained wild-type binding affinity but could utilize only @entity69 in the presence of TbpB. This is the first demonstration of the ability of TbpB to compensate for a mutation in @entity20117 .

title: Determination of surface-exposed, functional domains of gonococcal XXXX -binding protein A.

answer: @entity69 :: (7018,Gene) :: ['transferrin']


abstract: @entity301 , the primary health problem in western life, is caused by the interaction of multiple factors. Absolute proof of the contributing role of physical inactivity is not possible owing to the complexity of the CHD problem and the infeasibility of a definitive clinical trial because of logistical and economic constraints. Despite limitations, existing epidemiologic studies strongly suggest, but fall short of proving, the concept that habitual physical exercise offers partial protection against primary or secondary events of CHD and associated mortality. However, experimental data support this hypothesis and provide evidence of possible mechanisms responsible for the protection. The available epidemiologic data also suggest that physical inactivity is probably not as potent an individual risk factor as elevated serum @entity165 levels, @entity101 , and cigarette smoking, and that the protective effects of exercise may be overwhelmed by high levels of these major risk factors. On the other hand, there is some evidence that exercise may attenuate other risk factors both directly and through associated weight reduction. Epidemiologic studies also suggest a dose response relationship between physical activity and rates of CHD. About 2000 kcal per week of moderate intensity, dynamic, endurance-type of exercise (such as walking or jogging about 20 miles per week) or at least one hour of intermittent hard physical labor are required to obtain the optimal effect of exercise on @entity301 rates. Experimental studies suggest that this amount of exercise should provide sufficient stimulus to favorably alter blood HDL @entity165 levels and perhaps other CHD risk factors, especially if there is an accompanying reduction in weight. Possible mechanisms for the protective effects of exercise against CHD are illustrated in Figure 1. Insistence on final experimental proof prior to prudent medical practice or public health policy on physical inactivity or other coronary risk factors indicates a lack of understanding of the nature of scientific proof and evidence required for health actions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Physical activity levels and XXXX . Analysis of epidemiologic and supporting studies.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease', 'Coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: Longitudinal associations of @entity3147 with @entity731 events in @entity5507 are unclear. In 50,732 incident Medicare dialysis @entity1 who had normal (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2)), low (<18.5 kg/m(2)), or high (> or = 25 kg/m(2)) body mass index (BMI) and initiated dialysis in the United States from January 1995 to December 1999 with reported measured @entity1011 clearances and @entity1187 ( @entity4886 ; International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 410.x and 411.x) were examined in parametric survival models. Normal BMI was the referent group. Twenty-four-hour urinary @entity1011 (UCr) was used as a measure of muscle mass. There were 7213 (14.2%) hospitalized @entity4886 events, 1528 (22%) of which were fatal ( @entity204 within 30 d). One-year post- @entity4886 mortality was 48%. Low BMI (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; P = 0.02] was associated with lower hazard, and UCr was not predictive (NS) of hospitalized @entity4886 in multivariable model. Low BMI (NS) was not associated with a composite end point of hospitalized @entity4886 /suspected out-of-hospital @entity4886 @entity204 , whereas lowest UCr quartile was associated with higher hazard (HR, 1.14; P < 0.001). Low BMI (HR, 1.24; P < 0.001) and decrease in UCr (highest quartile reference, second quartile HR, 1.11 [P < 0.001]; third quartile HR, 1.24 [P < 0.001]; and fourth quartile HR, 1.43 [P < 0.001]) were associated with increased hazard of @entity204 . Hospitalized @entity4886 events in dialysis @entity1 carry very high immediate and long-term mortality. Positive longitudinal associations of @entity3147 with documented hospitalized @entity4886 events could not be demonstrated. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to provide definitive evidence of @entity3147 as a uremic risk factor for @entity731 .

title: XXXX and @entity731 in dialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['Malnutrition']


abstract: Longitudinal associations of @entity3147 with @entity731 events in @entity5507 are unclear. In 50,732 incident Medicare dialysis @entity1 who had normal (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2)), low (<18.5 kg/m(2)), or high (> or = 25 kg/m(2)) body mass index (BMI) and initiated dialysis in the United States from January 1995 to December 1999 with reported measured @entity1011 clearances and @entity1187 ( @entity4886 ; International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 410.x and 411.x) were examined in parametric survival models. Normal BMI was the referent group. Twenty-four-hour urinary @entity1011 (UCr) was used as a measure of muscle mass. There were 7213 (14.2%) hospitalized @entity4886 events, 1528 (22%) of which were fatal ( @entity204 within 30 d). One-year post- @entity4886 mortality was 48%. Low BMI (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; P = 0.02] was associated with lower hazard, and UCr was not predictive (NS) of hospitalized @entity4886 in multivariable model. Low BMI (NS) was not associated with a composite end point of hospitalized @entity4886 /suspected out-of-hospital @entity4886 @entity204 , whereas lowest UCr quartile was associated with higher hazard (HR, 1.14; P < 0.001). Low BMI (HR, 1.24; P < 0.001) and decrease in UCr (highest quartile reference, second quartile HR, 1.11 [P < 0.001]; third quartile HR, 1.24 [P < 0.001]; and fourth quartile HR, 1.43 [P < 0.001]) were associated with increased hazard of @entity204 . Hospitalized @entity4886 events in dialysis @entity1 carry very high immediate and long-term mortality. Positive longitudinal associations of @entity3147 with documented hospitalized @entity4886 events could not be demonstrated. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to provide definitive evidence of @entity3147 as a uremic risk factor for @entity731 .

title: @entity3147 and XXXX in dialysis @entity1 .

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: Longitudinal associations of @entity3147 with @entity731 events in @entity5507 are unclear. In 50,732 incident Medicare dialysis @entity1 who had normal (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2)), low (<18.5 kg/m(2)), or high (> or = 25 kg/m(2)) body mass index (BMI) and initiated dialysis in the United States from January 1995 to December 1999 with reported measured @entity1011 clearances and @entity1187 ( @entity4886 ; International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 410.x and 411.x) were examined in parametric survival models. Normal BMI was the referent group. Twenty-four-hour urinary @entity1011 (UCr) was used as a measure of muscle mass. There were 7213 (14.2%) hospitalized @entity4886 events, 1528 (22%) of which were fatal ( @entity204 within 30 d). One-year post- @entity4886 mortality was 48%. Low BMI (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; P = 0.02] was associated with lower hazard, and UCr was not predictive (NS) of hospitalized @entity4886 in multivariable model. Low BMI (NS) was not associated with a composite end point of hospitalized @entity4886 /suspected out-of-hospital @entity4886 @entity204 , whereas lowest UCr quartile was associated with higher hazard (HR, 1.14; P < 0.001). Low BMI (HR, 1.24; P < 0.001) and decrease in UCr (highest quartile reference, second quartile HR, 1.11 [P < 0.001]; third quartile HR, 1.24 [P < 0.001]; and fourth quartile HR, 1.43 [P < 0.001]) were associated with increased hazard of @entity204 . Hospitalized @entity4886 events in dialysis @entity1 carry very high immediate and long-term mortality. Positive longitudinal associations of @entity3147 with documented hospitalized @entity4886 events could not be demonstrated. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to provide definitive evidence of @entity3147 as a uremic risk factor for @entity731 .

title: @entity3147 and @entity731 in dialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association of @entity99 with @entity2477 ( @entity2477 ) and describe the imaging appearances and clinical relevance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 who had undergone CT or MRI with reported @entity2477 (> 8 cm) between 1997 and 2009 were identified retrospectively. Three readers interpreted 27 MRI studies, 36 CT studies, and 16 ultrasound studies of these @entity1 . Prevalence, extent, and imaging appearance of coexistent @entity14311 in the surrounding liver parenchyma were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-two GCHs were identified in 41 @entity1 and @entity14311 was present in 18 of 41 @entity1 (44%) with @entity2477 . Twelve @entity1 had a diffuse pattern of @entity14311 (67%), and six @entity1 showed a nodular pattern consisting of multiple coalescent nodules measuring < 5 mm (33%). There was no association between the size of the @entity2477 and presence and extent of @entity14311 . The common hepatic artery was enlarged (> 5 mm) in 14 @entity1 with @entity2477 , of whom 12 had associated @entity14311 . There was a statistically significant association between the size of the hepatic artery and presence of @entity14311 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity14311 is not rare in the liver parenchyma adjacent to a @entity2477 . The presence and extent of @entity14311 must be specifically communicated to referring physicians. Surgical candidates have to be carefully selected to avoid complications, such as excessive @entity190 and diminished risk of postoperative @entity409 from apparent overestimation of functional residual volume due to oversight of involved liver areas by @entity14311 .

title: Association of XXXX with @entity2477 in the adult population: prevalence, imaging appearance, and relevance.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver decompensation']

entities_list: @entity14311 :: ('MESH:C566283', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomatosis', 'Hemangiomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['giant cavernous hemangioma', 'GCH']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic hemangiomatosis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic hemangiomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association of @entity99 with @entity2477 ( @entity2477 ) and describe the imaging appearances and clinical relevance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 who had undergone CT or MRI with reported @entity2477 (> 8 cm) between 1997 and 2009 were identified retrospectively. Three readers interpreted 27 MRI studies, 36 CT studies, and 16 ultrasound studies of these @entity1 . Prevalence, extent, and imaging appearance of coexistent @entity14311 in the surrounding liver parenchyma were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-two GCHs were identified in 41 @entity1 and @entity14311 was present in 18 of 41 @entity1 (44%) with @entity2477 . Twelve @entity1 had a diffuse pattern of @entity14311 (67%), and six @entity1 showed a nodular pattern consisting of multiple coalescent nodules measuring < 5 mm (33%). There was no association between the size of the @entity2477 and presence and extent of @entity14311 . The common hepatic artery was enlarged (> 5 mm) in 14 @entity1 with @entity2477 , of whom 12 had associated @entity14311 . There was a statistically significant association between the size of the hepatic artery and presence of @entity14311 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity14311 is not rare in the liver parenchyma adjacent to a @entity2477 . The presence and extent of @entity14311 must be specifically communicated to referring physicians. Surgical candidates have to be carefully selected to avoid complications, such as excessive @entity190 and diminished risk of postoperative @entity409 from apparent overestimation of functional residual volume due to oversight of involved liver areas by @entity14311 .

title: Association of @entity99 with XXXX in the adult population: prevalence, imaging appearance, and relevance.

answer: @entity2477 :: (MESH:D006392,Disease) :: ['giant cavernous hemangioma']


abstract: Heterologous desensitization of chemokine receptors by opioids has been considered to contribute to their immunosuppressive effects. Previous studies show that @entity4545 , an endogenous opioid, down-regulates chemotaxis of selected chemokine receptors via phosphorylation. In the present study, we further investigated the molecular mechanism of such cross-regulation. Our data showed that preincubation with @entity4545 inhibited both @entity10557 -mediated chemotaxis and @entity141 flux of monocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects were maximal using nanomolar concentrations of activating chemokines, a concentration found in physiological conditions. A decrease both in chemokine receptor affinity and in coupling efficiency between receptors and G protein were observed, which directly contributed to the desensitization effects. However, comparing with chemokines such as @entity10557 and @entity2842 , opioids did not elicit a @entity460 flux, failed to induce @entity10557 receptors internalization, and mediated a less potent heterologous desensitization. We hypothesized that these differences might originate from the involvement of different @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) isotypes. In our studies, opioid-mediated down-regulation of @entity10557 receptors could be blocked by the general @entity7131 inhibitor @entity11616 , but not by the @entity460 -dependent classic @entity7131 inhibitor @entity9295 . Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescent staining further showed that only @entity460 -independent PKCs were activated upon opioid stimulation. Thus, opioids achieve desensitization of chemokine receptors via a unique pathway, involving only @entity460 -independent @entity7131 isotypes.

title: XXXX -independent protein kinase Cs mediate heterologous desensitization of leukocyte chemokine receptors by opioid receptors.

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity11616 :: ('MESH:C058819', 'Chemical') :: ['calphostin C']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of delayed-release @entity15626 ( @entity9104 , also known as gastro-resistant @entity9104 ), an effective therapy for relapsing forms of @entity15 ( @entity15 ), compared with @entity1638 and @entity20083 , commonly used treatments in the US. METHODS: A Markov model was developed comparing delayed-release @entity9104 to @entity1638 and @entity20083 using a US payer perspective and 20-year time horizon. A cohort of @entity1 , mean age 38 years, with relapsing-remitting @entity15 and Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores between 0-6 entered the model. Efficacy and safety were estimated by mixed-treatment comparison of data from the DEFINE and CONFIRM trials and clinical trials of other disease-modifying therapies. Data from published studies were used to derive resource use, cost, and utility inputs. Key outcomes included costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Alternative scenarios tested in a sensitivity analysis included drug efficacy, EDSS-related or relapse-related costs, alternative perspectives, drug acquisition costs, and utility. RESULTS: Base-case results with a 20-year time horizon indicated that delayed-release @entity9104 increased QALYs +0.450 or +0.359 compared with @entity1638 or @entity20083 , respectively. Reductions in 20-year costs with delayed-release @entity9104 were - 70,644 compared with once-daily @entity1638 and - 32,958 compared with @entity20083 . In an analysis comparing delayed-release @entity9104 to three-times-weekly @entity1638 and assuming similar efficacy and safety to the once-daily formulation, 20-year costs with delayed-release @entity9104 were increased by  15,806 and cost per QALY gained was  35,142. The differences in costs were most sensitive to acquisition cost and inclusion of informal care costs and productivity losses. The differences in QALYs were most sensitive to the impact of delayed-release @entity9104 on disease progression and the EDSS utility weights. CONCLUSION: Delayed-release @entity9104 is likely to increase QALYs for @entity1 with relapsing forms of @entity15 and be cost-effective compared with @entity20083 and @entity1638 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of delayed-release @entity15626 for the treatment of relapsing forms of XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

entities_list: @entity20083 :: ('MESH:C098720', 'Chemical') :: ['fingolimod']

entities_list: @entity15626 :: ('MESH:C056020', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl fumarate']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of delayed-release @entity15626 ( @entity9104 , also known as gastro-resistant @entity9104 ), an effective therapy for relapsing forms of @entity15 ( @entity15 ), compared with @entity1638 and @entity20083 , commonly used treatments in the US. METHODS: A Markov model was developed comparing delayed-release @entity9104 to @entity1638 and @entity20083 using a US payer perspective and 20-year time horizon. A cohort of @entity1 , mean age 38 years, with relapsing-remitting @entity15 and Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores between 0-6 entered the model. Efficacy and safety were estimated by mixed-treatment comparison of data from the DEFINE and CONFIRM trials and clinical trials of other disease-modifying therapies. Data from published studies were used to derive resource use, cost, and utility inputs. Key outcomes included costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Alternative scenarios tested in a sensitivity analysis included drug efficacy, EDSS-related or relapse-related costs, alternative perspectives, drug acquisition costs, and utility. RESULTS: Base-case results with a 20-year time horizon indicated that delayed-release @entity9104 increased QALYs +0.450 or +0.359 compared with @entity1638 or @entity20083 , respectively. Reductions in 20-year costs with delayed-release @entity9104 were - 70,644 compared with once-daily @entity1638 and - 32,958 compared with @entity20083 . In an analysis comparing delayed-release @entity9104 to three-times-weekly @entity1638 and assuming similar efficacy and safety to the once-daily formulation, 20-year costs with delayed-release @entity9104 were increased by  15,806 and cost per QALY gained was  35,142. The differences in costs were most sensitive to acquisition cost and inclusion of informal care costs and productivity losses. The differences in QALYs were most sensitive to the impact of delayed-release @entity9104 on disease progression and the EDSS utility weights. CONCLUSION: Delayed-release @entity9104 is likely to increase QALYs for @entity1 with relapsing forms of @entity15 and be cost-effective compared with @entity20083 and @entity1638 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of delayed-release XXXX for the treatment of relapsing forms of @entity15 in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity15626 :: (MESH:C056020,Chemical) :: ['dimethyl fumarate']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To give an overview of recently published articles covering drug-free remission in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies covering drug-free remission showed differences in numbers studied, remission definition, disease duration and medication used. @entity8168 was reported in 9-29%. Only two out of four studies reported on @entity1 who restarted medication due to a disease flare or loss of remission, which occurred in 45-46%. In the BeSt study, remission or low disease activity was achieved again after retreatment within 6 months in 96%. In the Finnish Early @entity309 study, none of the @entity1 achieved remission after retreatment; their mean Disease Activity Score (DAS28) was 3.68. Joint damage progression was not higher in @entity1 who restarted medication when compared to @entity1 in sustained drug-free remission or @entity1 with continued treatment. Anticitrullinated protein antibody, @entity309 factor or @entity24602 and short symptom duration were independent predictors of successful drug-free remission in more than one cohort. SUMMARY: @entity8168 can be achieved and sustained in a small group of @entity309 @entity1 . In early @entity309 , retreatment is successful in the majority of @entity1 . Disease flare after cessation of medication does not seem to increase joint damage progression. Sustained drug-free remission is predicted by autoantibody and @entity24602 and short disease duration before treatment initiation.

title: XXXX : is it already possible?

entities_list: @entity8168 :: ('MESH:D012075', 'Disease') :: ['Drug-free remission']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA', 'rheumatoid']

entities_list: @entity24602 :: ('MESH:D012753', 'Disease') :: ['shared epitope negativity']

answer: @entity8168 :: (MESH:D012075,Disease) :: ['Drug-free remission']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an association exists between common @entity262 , sociodemographic factors, and keratoconus (KCN) among a large, diverse group of insured individuals in the United States. DESIGN: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study. @entity1 : Sixteen thousand fifty-three @entity1 with KCN were matched 1:1 with @entity1 without KCN. METHODS: @entity1 with KCN were identified using billing codes and matched by age, gender, and overall health with a control group with no record of KCN. Multivariable logistic regression assessed whether sociodemographic factors and certain @entity262 affected the odds of KCN. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of receiving a KCN diagnosis. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders, black @entity1 had 57% higher odds (adjusted OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.38-1.79; P < 0.001) and Latino @entity1 had 43% higher odds (adjusted OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.26-1.62; P  < 0.001) of being diagnosed with KCN compared with whites. Asians had 39% reduced odds (adjusted OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.50-0.75; P < 0.001) of being diagnosed with KCN compared with whites. @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity6 ( @entity6 ) had 20% lower odds of KCN (adjusted OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.90; P  =  0.002), and @entity1 with @entity6 complicated by end-organ damage had 52% lower odds of having KCN (adjusted OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.40-0.58; P < 0.001) compared with those without @entity6 . @entity1 with @entity1413 had 35% lower odds of KCN (adjusted OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47-0.91; P  = 0.01). Other conditions found to have increased odds of KCN included @entity387 (adjusted OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.00-1.27; P  = 0.05), @entity565 (adjusted OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.17-1.47; P < 0.001), and Down syndrome (adjusted OR, 6.22; 95% CI, 2.08-18.66; P < 0.001). There was no association between KCN and @entity2023 , @entity339 , @entity449 , or @entity308 (P > 0.1 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians caring for @entity1 with KCN should inquire about breathing or sleeping and, when appropriate, refer @entity1 for evaluation for @entity387 or @entity565 . @entity1 with @entity6 have lower risk of KCN, potentially because of corneal glycosylation.

title: The Association Between Sociodemographic Factors, Common XXXX , and Keratoconus: An Analysis of a Nationwide Heath Care Claims Database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disorder']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen vascular disease']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['Systemic Diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) is approved by the Food and  Drug Administration as a viable alternative to bone graft in spinal fusion and maxillary sinus lift. The research questions for meta-analysis were: Is rhBMP-2 an effective bone graft substitute in localized alveolar ridge augmentation and @entity1177 ? What are the potential adverse events? MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of MEDLINE from January 1980 to January 2014 using PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and EMBASE was performed. Searches were performed from Medical Subject Headings. The quality of each study included was graded by Review Manager software. The primary outcome variable was bone formation measured as change in bone height on computed tomogram. A systematic review of adverse events also was performed. A  random-effects model was chosen. Continuous variables were calculated using the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing improvement from baseline of the experimental group with that of the control group. Change in bone height was calculated using logarithmic odds ratio. Test of significance used the Z statistic with a P value of .05. RESULTS: Ten studies met the criteria for systematic review; 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Five studies assessed localized alveolar ridge augmentation and resulted in an overall standardized mean difference of 0.56 (CI, 0.20-0.92) in favor of @entity6861 ; this result was statistically important. Three studies assessed @entity1177 and resulted in an overall standardized mean difference of -0.50 (CI, -0.93 to -0.09), which was meaningfully different in favor of the control group. Adverse events were inconsistently reported, ranging from no complications to widespread adverse events. CONCLUSION: For localized alveolar ridge augmentation, this meta-analysis showed that rhBMP-2 substantially increases bone height. However, rhBMP-2 does not perform as well as the autograft or allograft in @entity1177 . Long-term clinical success and adverse events need to be reported with more consistency before definitive conclusions can be made.

title: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recombinant @entity1 XXXX in Localized Alveolar Ridge and Maxillary Sinus Augmentation.

entities_list: @entity1177 :: ('MESH:D008444', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinus floor augmentation']

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) is approved by the Food and  Drug Administration as a viable alternative to bone graft in spinal fusion and maxillary sinus lift. The research questions for meta-analysis were: Is rhBMP-2 an effective bone graft substitute in localized alveolar ridge augmentation and @entity1177 ? What are the potential adverse events? MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of MEDLINE from January 1980 to January 2014 using PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and EMBASE was performed. Searches were performed from Medical Subject Headings. The quality of each study included was graded by Review Manager software. The primary outcome variable was bone formation measured as change in bone height on computed tomogram. A systematic review of adverse events also was performed. A  random-effects model was chosen. Continuous variables were calculated using the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing improvement from baseline of the experimental group with that of the control group. Change in bone height was calculated using logarithmic odds ratio. Test of significance used the Z statistic with a P value of .05. RESULTS: Ten studies met the criteria for systematic review; 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Five studies assessed localized alveolar ridge augmentation and resulted in an overall standardized mean difference of 0.56 (CI, 0.20-0.92) in favor of @entity6861 ; this result was statistically important. Three studies assessed @entity1177 and resulted in an overall standardized mean difference of -0.50 (CI, -0.93 to -0.09), which was meaningfully different in favor of the control group. Adverse events were inconsistently reported, ranging from no complications to widespread adverse events. CONCLUSION: For localized alveolar ridge augmentation, this meta-analysis showed that rhBMP-2 substantially increases bone height. However, rhBMP-2 does not perform as well as the autograft or allograft in @entity1177 . Long-term clinical success and adverse events need to be reported with more consistency before definitive conclusions can be made.

title: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recombinant XXXX @entity1841 in Localized Alveolar Ridge and Maxillary Sinus Augmentation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: This paper discusses the diagnostic yield of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in @entity29 . METHODS: Contrast media are administered intraluminally (colon, small intestine) and intravenously (triple contrast CT). Filling of small bowel is achieved by means of @entity5274 . Pharmacological relaxation of the intestine decreases motion artifact. Intraluminal contrast media consist of either hyperdense, "positive" or @entity6152 , "negative" liquids. RESULTS: Thin-slice MSCT of the entire abdomen allows high-quality post processing (MPR, thin-slice @entity11542 ). Due to superior distension, Sellink CT improves estimation of @entity850 or changes in thickness and contrast of bowel wall. Positive contrast is superior in the detection and preoperative localization of abscess, @entity292 or @entity5 , because it accurately differentiates between intra- and extraluminal structures.However, negative contrast facilitates quantitative evaluation of bowel wall thickening or enhancement and demonstrates @entity360 . CONCLUSION: MSCT of the small intestine is superior to conventional enteroclysis, especially in the diagnosis of mesenterial or other @entity66 . As a side effect, the colon is assessed in the same examination. Radiation dose is less in MSCT (7.8-13.3 @entity2073 ) than in conventional fluoroscopy (13.99+/-7.57 @entity2073 ). MSCT can be performed as an alternative or adjunct to colonoscopy, if endoscopic access is restricted. It is already the imaging modality of choice in acute @entity4436 .

title: [Computed tomography in the diagnosis of XXXX -- methodology of MSCT and clinical results].

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodense']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extraintestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['conglomerate tumour']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal tube ("Sellink CT") or via the oral route']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluation of typical MRI-findings in @entity1 with @entity30 receiving therapy. Correlation with the course of disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: 81 follow-up MRI-studies in 25 @entity1 conducted within a period of 3 weeks to 4 years were evaluated retrospectively. Therapy consisted in various combinations of antibiotics and immunosuppressive agents and if necessary operation. The findings of the MRI-studies were correlated with clinical data (e.g.operation of @entity30 ) and the subjective perception during therapy. RESULTS: The morphological substrate of @entity30 in the Hydro-MRI images is reliably detected. Especially in a delineation of extraluminal changes MRI is superior to endoscopy and enteroclysis. Independent from clinical symptoms short- and mid-term follow-up showed inflammatory changes of the intestinal wall in all 25 @entity1 . In 24/81 studies there was persistence or even progression of @entity30 in the MRI-studies, although @entity1 were free of symptoms by the time of image acquisition. CONCLUSION: Hydro-MRI is a modality for the evaluation of inflammatory changes in @entity1 with @entity30 . Independent from clinical symptoms persistence of @entity30 is detectable.

title: [Follow up of XXXX under therapy with hydro-MRI].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's complications", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity432 ( @entity432 ) is a devastating disease with a high mortality rate. One of the most important factors affecting favorable clinical outcome is early recanalization. Mechanical thrombectomy is an emerging treatment strategy for achieving a high recanalization rates. However, thrombectomy alone can be insufficient to complete recanalization, especially for @entity64 involving large artery @entity66 . The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy in @entity432 . METHODS: Fourteen consecutive @entity1 with @entity432 were treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Additional multimodal treatments were intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty, or permanent stent placement. Recanalization by thrombectomy alone and multimodal treatments were assessed by the Thrombolysis in @entity385 (TICI) score. Clinical outcome was determined using the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) at 7 days and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months. RESULTS: Thrombectomy alone and multimodal treatments were performed in 10 @entity1 (71.4%) and 4 @entity1 (28.6%), respectively. Successful recanalization (TICI 2b-3) was achieved in 11 (78.6%). Among these 11 @entity1 , 3 (27.3%) underwent multimodal treatment due to underlying @entity731 . Ten (71.4%) of the 14 showed NIHSS score improvement of >10. Overall mortality was 3 (21.4%) of 14. CONCLUSION: We suggest that mechanical thrombectomy is safe and effective for improving recanalization rates in @entity432 , with low complication rates. Also, in carefully selected @entity1 after the failure of recanalization by thrombectomy alone, additional multimodal treatment such as IA thrombolysis, balloons, or stents can be needed to achieve successful recanalization.

title: The Effectiveness of Additional Treatment Modalities after the Failure of Recanalization by Thrombectomy Alone in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion', 'AVBAO']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral Infarction']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Acute Vertebrobasilar Arterial Occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3413 has been reported to be effective on stimulation of bone formation. To investigate the effects of @entity3413 on bone formation relative factors of proximal tibia trabecular bone and on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS: Fourty 1-week-old male @entity35 were divided randomly into 2 groups, 20 @entity35 per group. @entity35 in experimental group received subcutaneous injection of @entity3413 [(5 mg/(kg x d)], and the @entity35 in control group received injection of normal saline at the same dose. The expressions of @entity2095 ( @entity2095 ), @entity12480 ( @entity12480 ), and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) of trabecular bone were analyzed in the tibia by immunohistochemical staining at 1 and 3 weeks after injection. BMSCs from the @entity35 femur at 1 and 3 weeks after injection were cultured under condition of osteogenic induction. @entity731 staining was performed on the 14th day after culture; real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of @entity2095 , @entity6037 , @entity16835 , @entity21408 , @entity72655 , and @entity60738 on the 21st day after culture; and von Kossa staining was performed on the 28th day after culture. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the expressions of @entity2095 , @entity12480 , and @entity6667 between the experimental group and control group at 1 and 3 weeks after injection (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentages of @entity731 positively-stained cells between the experimental group and the control group on the 14th day after culture (P > 0.05). The mRNA expressions of @entity2095 , @entity6037 , @entity16835 , @entity21408 , D1x3, and @entity60738 in osteogenic differentiation-induced BMSCs had also no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group at 1 and 3 weeks after culture (P > 0.05). No significant difference in biomineralization was found between the experimental group and control group at 1 and 3 weeks after culture (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous injection of @entity3413 [(5 mg/(kg x d)] for 1 or 3 weeks can affect neither the expressions of bone formation relative factors of proximal tibia trabecular bone nor the osteogenic differentiation of the BMSCs.

title: [Effects of XXXX on bone formation relative factors of trabecular bone and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in young @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2095 :: ('29373(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein 2', 'BMP-2']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['simvastatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3413 has been reported to be effective on stimulation of bone formation. To investigate the effects of @entity3413 on bone formation relative factors of proximal tibia trabecular bone and on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS: Fourty 1-week-old male @entity35 were divided randomly into 2 groups, 20 @entity35 per group. @entity35 in experimental group received subcutaneous injection of @entity3413 [(5 mg/(kg x d)], and the @entity35 in control group received injection of normal saline at the same dose. The expressions of @entity2095 ( @entity2095 ), @entity12480 ( @entity12480 ), and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) of trabecular bone were analyzed in the tibia by immunohistochemical staining at 1 and 3 weeks after injection. BMSCs from the @entity35 femur at 1 and 3 weeks after injection were cultured under condition of osteogenic induction. @entity731 staining was performed on the 14th day after culture; real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of @entity2095 , @entity6037 , @entity16835 , @entity21408 , @entity72655 , and @entity60738 on the 21st day after culture; and von Kossa staining was performed on the 28th day after culture. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the expressions of @entity2095 , @entity12480 , and @entity6667 between the experimental group and control group at 1 and 3 weeks after injection (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentages of @entity731 positively-stained cells between the experimental group and the control group on the 14th day after culture (P > 0.05). The mRNA expressions of @entity2095 , @entity6037 , @entity16835 , @entity21408 , D1x3, and @entity60738 in osteogenic differentiation-induced BMSCs had also no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group at 1 and 3 weeks after culture (P > 0.05). No significant difference in biomineralization was found between the experimental group and control group at 1 and 3 weeks after culture (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous injection of @entity3413 [(5 mg/(kg x d)] for 1 or 3 weeks can affect neither the expressions of bone formation relative factors of proximal tibia trabecular bone nor the osteogenic differentiation of the BMSCs.

title: [Effects of @entity3413 on bone formation relative factors of trabecular bone and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in young XXXX ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin M (IgM) @entity8 is an idiopathic @entity631 with @entity7622 and diffuse IgM deposits. METHODS: We studied clinical presentation, morphological findings, and prognostic factors in 110 @entity1 with @entity8 without @entity262 . The series included both pediatric and adult @entity1 with @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) or minor @entity1494 . RESULTS: Mean postbiopsy follow-up was 8 years. During 15 years of follow-up, 36% of @entity1 developed @entity177 and 23% reached @entity454 . In multivariate analysis, @entity101 at the time of renal biopsy was the only significant risk factor for @entity177 . Of histological parameters, @entity82 had the strongest prognostic value. @entity101 was diagnosed in 50% of @entity1 with a postbiopsy follow-up of 15 years. Twenty-nine percent of @entity1985 @entity1 had disease resistant to @entity288 , whereas 80% of @entity1 with @entity134 -sensitive disease were @entity134 dependent. Eleven @entity1 , 8 @entity1 with @entity1985 and 3 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity644 , underwent repeated renal biopsy. In five samples, typical morphological characteristics of focal and segmental @entity631 were seen. CONCLUSION: We propose that @entity8 can be divided into two subgroups with similar renal biopsy findings, but differences in sex distribution and initial presentation.

title: XXXX : clinical picture and long-term prognosis.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'IgM nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis', 'glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial hypercellularity']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgM nephropathy']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare 6-month clinical outcomes of @entity1 with in-stent @entity256 (ISR) involving the ostium treated with intracoronary radiation therapy (IRT) compared to placebo therapy, and also to nonostial lesions treated with IRT. Coronary interventions in @entity75 have a high rate of recurrence of @entity256 . The impact of IRT on ostial ISR has been inadequately characterized. We assessed @entity1 enrolled in gamma (192- @entity3201 ) and beta (90-yttrium, 32- @entity3151 ) radiation trials for ISR at the Washington Hospital Center. Of @entity1 receiving IRT, 105 (8%) @entity1 had ostial ISR and 1,289 (92%) @entity1 had nonostial ISR. Twenty-seven @entity1 had ostial ISR and received placebo therapy. Baseline demographic and angiographic and procedural details were similar, except ostial IRT @entity1 had a trend toward shorter lesions (15.4 +/- 10.8 vs. 24.1 +/- 12.2 mm; P < 0.001) and had a higher rate of saphenous vein graft disease (46% vs. 19%; P < 0.001) compared to nonostial IRT @entity1 . At 6 months, @entity75 treated with IRT for ISR had a reduced rate of @entity75 revascularization (TLR) compared to @entity75 treated with placebo (15% vs. 43%; P = 0.004). Outcomes at 6 months were similar for the ostial and nonostial IRT groups including TLR (15% vs. 14%; P = 0.80) and composite major adverse @entity299 (18% vs. 15%; P = 0.46). Intracoronary radiation therapy is effective for @entity75 and should be comfortably used for this challenging anatomic location.

title: Impact of intracoronary radiation on in-stent XXXX involving @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ostial in-stent restenotic lesions', 'target lesion', 'ostial lesions']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare 6-month clinical outcomes of @entity1 with in-stent @entity256 (ISR) involving the ostium treated with intracoronary radiation therapy (IRT) compared to placebo therapy, and also to nonostial lesions treated with IRT. Coronary interventions in @entity75 have a high rate of recurrence of @entity256 . The impact of IRT on ostial ISR has been inadequately characterized. We assessed @entity1 enrolled in gamma (192- @entity3201 ) and beta (90-yttrium, 32- @entity3151 ) radiation trials for ISR at the Washington Hospital Center. Of @entity1 receiving IRT, 105 (8%) @entity1 had ostial ISR and 1,289 (92%) @entity1 had nonostial ISR. Twenty-seven @entity1 had ostial ISR and received placebo therapy. Baseline demographic and angiographic and procedural details were similar, except ostial IRT @entity1 had a trend toward shorter lesions (15.4 +/- 10.8 vs. 24.1 +/- 12.2 mm; P < 0.001) and had a higher rate of saphenous vein graft disease (46% vs. 19%; P < 0.001) compared to nonostial IRT @entity1 . At 6 months, @entity75 treated with IRT for ISR had a reduced rate of @entity75 revascularization (TLR) compared to @entity75 treated with placebo (15% vs. 43%; P = 0.004). Outcomes at 6 months were similar for the ostial and nonostial IRT groups including TLR (15% vs. 14%; P = 0.80) and composite major adverse @entity299 (18% vs. 15%; P = 0.46). Intracoronary radiation therapy is effective for @entity75 and should be comfortably used for this challenging anatomic location.

title: Impact of intracoronary radiation on in-stent @entity256 involving XXXX .

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['ostial lesions']


abstract: The @entity413 and immunoreactive @entity2690 (IRI) responses to a 100 g oral @entity413 tolerance test (oGTT) administered to 23 acromegalic @entity1 before and after transsphenoidal adenomectomy and to a sex and age-matched control group were studied. The preoperative growth hormone levels, ranging from 11 to 360 mU/l, had normalized (i.e. less than or equal to 5 mU/l) after surgery in all cases. Before surgery paradoxical increases in the GH level, either after i.v. @entity1218 injection or during the oGTT were seen in 14 @entity1 . After surgery, the paradoxical reaction to the oGTT had normalized in all cases and the increase measured after the @entity1218 injection normalized in nine out of 12 cases. The disturbed @entity413 tolerance (either @entity6 ) was cured by surgery. The plasma @entity413 levels determined 1 and 2 years after surgery did not differ from those found for the control group. Preoperative plasma IRI levels were significantly elevated, whereas after surgery the IRI levels had decreased. Fasting levels were normalized in all @entity1 . Two years after surgery, eight @entity1 still showed some abnormalities of the @entity2690 secretion (as revealed by the integrated sum and the maximum increment in IRI levels during the oGTT) despite the presence of normal circulating GH levels and a normalized paradoxical reaction to @entity1218 . The data show that after normalization of GH levels in acromegalics, increased @entity2690 secretion may still occur after @entity413 ingestion in some @entity1 . It is suggested that this abnormality could be the result of an increased pancreatic islet beta-cell mass, as a persisting abnormality of the acromegalic state, although peripheral @entity2690 resistance cannot be excluded totally.

title: XXXX tolerance and plasma immunoreactive @entity2690 levels in acromegalics before and after selective transsphenoidal surgery.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['impaired tolerance or frank diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: The @entity413 and immunoreactive @entity2690 (IRI) responses to a 100 g oral @entity413 tolerance test (oGTT) administered to 23 acromegalic @entity1 before and after transsphenoidal adenomectomy and to a sex and age-matched control group were studied. The preoperative growth hormone levels, ranging from 11 to 360 mU/l, had normalized (i.e. less than or equal to 5 mU/l) after surgery in all cases. Before surgery paradoxical increases in the GH level, either after i.v. @entity1218 injection or during the oGTT were seen in 14 @entity1 . After surgery, the paradoxical reaction to the oGTT had normalized in all cases and the increase measured after the @entity1218 injection normalized in nine out of 12 cases. The disturbed @entity413 tolerance (either @entity6 ) was cured by surgery. The plasma @entity413 levels determined 1 and 2 years after surgery did not differ from those found for the control group. Preoperative plasma IRI levels were significantly elevated, whereas after surgery the IRI levels had decreased. Fasting levels were normalized in all @entity1 . Two years after surgery, eight @entity1 still showed some abnormalities of the @entity2690 secretion (as revealed by the integrated sum and the maximum increment in IRI levels during the oGTT) despite the presence of normal circulating GH levels and a normalized paradoxical reaction to @entity1218 . The data show that after normalization of GH levels in acromegalics, increased @entity2690 secretion may still occur after @entity413 ingestion in some @entity1 . It is suggested that this abnormality could be the result of an increased pancreatic islet beta-cell mass, as a persisting abnormality of the acromegalic state, although peripheral @entity2690 resistance cannot be excluded totally.

title: @entity413 tolerance and plasma immunoreactive XXXX levels in acromegalics before and after selective transsphenoidal surgery.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity23191 provides a protective effect on @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in animal models. However, the reports on the efficacy of @entity23191 for the prevention of @entity8 in @entity1 remain unclear. AIMS: The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect of @entity23191 for the prevention of @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comprehensive literature searches were performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database from inception through February 2015. Studies that reported relative risks, odd ratios, or hazard ratios comparing the risk of @entity8 in @entity1 who received @entity23191 versus those who did not were included. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. RESULTS: Four studies (2 randomized controlled trials and 2 cohort studies) with 543 @entity1 were included in our analysis to assess the risk of @entity8 and the use of @entity23191 . @entity1 in the @entity23191 group had an overall lower incidence of @entity8 (14.4%) compared to the control group (18.4%). The pooled RR of @entity8 in @entity1 receiving @entity23191 was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.38-1.15, I (2) = 0). When meta-analysis was limited only to randomized control trials (RCTs), the pooled RR of @entity8 in @entity1 receiving @entity23191 was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.35-1.79, I (2) = 0%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite no statistical significance, there was a trend toward reduced @entity8 risk in @entity1 receiving @entity23191 . The findings of our meta-analysis suggest the need of a large RCT with very careful attention to the balance of benefits and harms.

title: Periprocedural XXXX for the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity23191 :: ('MESH:C052753', 'Chemical') :: ['Nebivolol', 'nebivolol']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['contrast-induced acute kidney injury', 'CIAKI']

answer: @entity23191 :: (MESH:C052753,Chemical) :: ['Nebivolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of thymectomy in @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) @entity1 , it has remained controversial as to whether this procedure is of a similar efficacy and clinical outcome among @entity1737 @entity1 with @entity704 and @entity8792 . AIM: We sought to determine the long-term clinical outcomes of @entity1737 @entity1 who received extended transsternal thymectomy associated with @entity4836 and @entity617 postoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study from January 1999 to December 2013, @entity1737 @entity1 who underwent thymectomy were followed up. Out of 41 @entity1737 @entity1 admitted in our center, 25 @entity1 had undergone thymectomy adjunctive to @entity4836 and @entity617 therapy postoperatively. The primary endpoints included improvement in individual @entity892 , @entity1736 , @entity1282 , @entity4653 , @entity1353 , and @entity425 . In addition, according to the @entity1737 Foundation of America (MGFA) criteria, response to therapy was defined as complete stable remission (CSR), pharmacologic remission (PR), and minimal manifestation (MM) as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Majority of the @entity1 were male (60%) and the mean age of the @entity1 was 32.2    13.9 years. Fifteen (60%) and 10 @entity1 (40%) had @entity704 and @entity8792 , respectively. All the @entity1 were followed up during a mean period of of 86.9    50.3 months (minimum 10 months and maximum 168 months). The rates of CSR, PR, and MM were comparable between the @entity704 and @entity8792 groups (P = 0.584). Based on the Kaplan Meier analysis, the probabilities of CSR, PR, and MM were not significantly different between @entity1 with @entity704 and @entity8792 . CONCLUSION: The extended transsternal thymectomy, along with the postoperative regimen of @entity4836 and @entity617 was associated with a high rate of clinical improvement among @entity1737 @entity1 with @entity704 or @entity8792 .

title: Clinical Outcomes of @entity1737 with @entity704 and XXXX Undergoing Extended Transsternal Thymectomy: A Single-Center Experience.

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['limb weakness']

entities_list: @entity8792 :: ('MESH:D013952', 'Disease') :: ['thymic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity8792 :: (MESH:D013952,Disease) :: ['Thymic Hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of thymectomy in @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) @entity1 , it has remained controversial as to whether this procedure is of a similar efficacy and clinical outcome among @entity1737 @entity1 with @entity704 and @entity8792 . AIM: We sought to determine the long-term clinical outcomes of @entity1737 @entity1 who received extended transsternal thymectomy associated with @entity4836 and @entity617 postoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study from January 1999 to December 2013, @entity1737 @entity1 who underwent thymectomy were followed up. Out of 41 @entity1737 @entity1 admitted in our center, 25 @entity1 had undergone thymectomy adjunctive to @entity4836 and @entity617 therapy postoperatively. The primary endpoints included improvement in individual @entity892 , @entity1736 , @entity1282 , @entity4653 , @entity1353 , and @entity425 . In addition, according to the @entity1737 Foundation of America (MGFA) criteria, response to therapy was defined as complete stable remission (CSR), pharmacologic remission (PR), and minimal manifestation (MM) as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Majority of the @entity1 were male (60%) and the mean age of the @entity1 was 32.2    13.9 years. Fifteen (60%) and 10 @entity1 (40%) had @entity704 and @entity8792 , respectively. All the @entity1 were followed up during a mean period of of 86.9    50.3 months (minimum 10 months and maximum 168 months). The rates of CSR, PR, and MM were comparable between the @entity704 and @entity8792 groups (P = 0.584). Based on the Kaplan Meier analysis, the probabilities of CSR, PR, and MM were not significantly different between @entity1 with @entity704 and @entity8792 . CONCLUSION: The extended transsternal thymectomy, along with the postoperative regimen of @entity4836 and @entity617 was associated with a high rate of clinical improvement among @entity1737 @entity1 with @entity704 or @entity8792 .

title: Clinical Outcomes of XXXX with @entity704 and @entity8792 Undergoing Extended Transsternal Thymectomy: A Single-Center Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['Myasthenia Gravis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of thymectomy in @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) @entity1 , it has remained controversial as to whether this procedure is of a similar efficacy and clinical outcome among @entity1737 @entity1 with @entity704 and @entity8792 . AIM: We sought to determine the long-term clinical outcomes of @entity1737 @entity1 who received extended transsternal thymectomy associated with @entity4836 and @entity617 postoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study from January 1999 to December 2013, @entity1737 @entity1 who underwent thymectomy were followed up. Out of 41 @entity1737 @entity1 admitted in our center, 25 @entity1 had undergone thymectomy adjunctive to @entity4836 and @entity617 therapy postoperatively. The primary endpoints included improvement in individual @entity892 , @entity1736 , @entity1282 , @entity4653 , @entity1353 , and @entity425 . In addition, according to the @entity1737 Foundation of America (MGFA) criteria, response to therapy was defined as complete stable remission (CSR), pharmacologic remission (PR), and minimal manifestation (MM) as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Majority of the @entity1 were male (60%) and the mean age of the @entity1 was 32.2    13.9 years. Fifteen (60%) and 10 @entity1 (40%) had @entity704 and @entity8792 , respectively. All the @entity1 were followed up during a mean period of of 86.9    50.3 months (minimum 10 months and maximum 168 months). The rates of CSR, PR, and MM were comparable between the @entity704 and @entity8792 groups (P = 0.584). Based on the Kaplan Meier analysis, the probabilities of CSR, PR, and MM were not significantly different between @entity1 with @entity704 and @entity8792 . CONCLUSION: The extended transsternal thymectomy, along with the postoperative regimen of @entity4836 and @entity617 was associated with a high rate of clinical improvement among @entity1737 @entity1 with @entity704 or @entity8792 .

title: Clinical Outcomes of @entity1737 with XXXX and @entity8792 Undergoing Extended Transsternal Thymectomy: A Single-Center Experience.

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['Thymoma']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Mortality due to @entity65 ( @entity65 ), particularly @entity453 ( @entity453 ), is high in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). We aimed to determine whether normoglycaemia, as achieved by successful simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplantation, could improve long-term outcomes compared with living donor kidney-alone (LDK) transplantation. METHODS: We studied 486 type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity454 who underwent a first SPK (n   =   256) or LDK (n   =   230) transplant between 1983 and 2012 and were followed to the end of 2014. Data were retrieved from the Norwegian Renal Registry and hospital records. Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariate Cox regression, with correction for recipient, donor and transplant factors, were used to examine potential associations between transplant type and all-cause and @entity65 - and @entity453 -related mortality. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 7.9  years (interquartile range 4.3, 12.9). The adjusted HR for @entity65 -related deaths in SPK recipients compared with LDK recipients was 0.63 (95% CI 0.40, 0.99; p   =   0.047), while the HRs for all-cause and @entity453 -related mortality were 0.81 (95% CI 0.57, 1.16; p   =   0.25) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.36, 1.12; p   =   0.12), respectively. Compared with the LDK group, SPK recipients were younger and received grafts from younger donors. @entity65 was higher in @entity1 transplanted between 1983 and 1999 compared with those who received their grafts in subsequent years. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 and @entity454 , SPK transplantation was associated with reduced long-term cardiovascular mortality compared with LDK transplantation.

title: Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 XXXX @entity1 after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation compared with living donor kidney transplantation.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease', 'Cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Mortality due to @entity65 ( @entity65 ), particularly @entity453 ( @entity453 ), is high in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). We aimed to determine whether normoglycaemia, as achieved by successful simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplantation, could improve long-term outcomes compared with living donor kidney-alone (LDK) transplantation. METHODS: We studied 486 type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity454 who underwent a first SPK (n   =   256) or LDK (n   =   230) transplant between 1983 and 2012 and were followed to the end of 2014. Data were retrieved from the Norwegian Renal Registry and hospital records. Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariate Cox regression, with correction for recipient, donor and transplant factors, were used to examine potential associations between transplant type and all-cause and @entity65 - and @entity453 -related mortality. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 7.9  years (interquartile range 4.3, 12.9). The adjusted HR for @entity65 -related deaths in SPK recipients compared with LDK recipients was 0.63 (95% CI 0.40, 0.99; p   =   0.047), while the HRs for all-cause and @entity453 -related mortality were 0.81 (95% CI 0.57, 1.16; p   =   0.25) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.36, 1.12; p   =   0.12), respectively. Compared with the LDK group, SPK recipients were younger and received grafts from younger donors. @entity65 was higher in @entity1 transplanted between 1983 and 1999 compared with those who received their grafts in subsequent years. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 and @entity454 , SPK transplantation was associated with reduced long-term cardiovascular mortality compared with LDK transplantation.

title: Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 @entity6 XXXX after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation compared with living donor kidney transplantation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity341 ( @entity341 ) utilization by @entity1 with @entity5 is poorly understood. Among @entity1 with @entity5 , we explored reasons for @entity341 visits and factors associated with admission within U.S. @entity1 's hospitals. METHODS: A retrospective study of the 2011-2013 Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) was conducted. Eligible @entity341 visits included those within 365 days from the first inpatient encounter with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for @entity5 . @entity1 characteristics and reasons for @entity341 visits were assessed. Factors associated with admission from the @entity341 were examined with multivariable regression. RESULTS: There were 26,770 @entity341 visits by 17,943 @entity1 with @entity5 at 39 @entity1 's hospitals during the study period. Half of @entity1 with @entity5 visited the @entity341 within 1 year after their first @entity5 hospitalization in PHIS. Fifty-six percent of @entity341 visits resulted in admission. @entity221 or @entity1398 accounted for the largest proportion of reasons for visits (34.6%). Risk factors for admission were as follows: "Other" race/ethnicity as compared to white, non-Hispanic (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-1.6), history of transplant (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.1), and @entity341 visits reasons including @entity1398 (OR = 43.4, 95% CI 36.0-52.3), blood stream infection (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 2.8-3.9), @entity3043 (OR = 28.8, 95% CI 18.1-45.9), @entity2700 (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.9-2.9), or @entity55 (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 2.8-5.1). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5 have high @entity341 usage within 1 year after their first @entity5 hospitalization. Age, demographic factors, and reasons for @entity341 visits significantly impacted admission from the @entity341 . Further research should focus on @entity341 utilization among @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Characteristics of @entity1 With XXXX Discharged or Admitted From the Emergency Department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency department']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity341 ( @entity341 ) utilization by @entity1 with @entity5 is poorly understood. Among @entity1 with @entity5 , we explored reasons for @entity341 visits and factors associated with admission within U.S. @entity1 's hospitals. METHODS: A retrospective study of the 2011-2013 Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) was conducted. Eligible @entity341 visits included those within 365 days from the first inpatient encounter with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for @entity5 . @entity1 characteristics and reasons for @entity341 visits were assessed. Factors associated with admission from the @entity341 were examined with multivariable regression. RESULTS: There were 26,770 @entity341 visits by 17,943 @entity1 with @entity5 at 39 @entity1 's hospitals during the study period. Half of @entity1 with @entity5 visited the @entity341 within 1 year after their first @entity5 hospitalization in PHIS. Fifty-six percent of @entity341 visits resulted in admission. @entity221 or @entity1398 accounted for the largest proportion of reasons for visits (34.6%). Risk factors for admission were as follows: "Other" race/ethnicity as compared to white, non-Hispanic (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-1.6), history of transplant (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.1), and @entity341 visits reasons including @entity1398 (OR = 43.4, 95% CI 36.0-52.3), blood stream infection (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 2.8-3.9), @entity3043 (OR = 28.8, 95% CI 18.1-45.9), @entity2700 (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.9-2.9), or @entity55 (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 2.8-5.1). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5 have high @entity341 usage within 1 year after their first @entity5 hospitalization. Age, demographic factors, and reasons for @entity341 visits significantly impacted admission from the @entity341 . Further research should focus on @entity341 utilization among @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Characteristics of XXXX With @entity5 Discharged or Admitted From the Emergency Department.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous @entity2929 as a method to facilitate feeding tube placement into the small intestine in critically ill @entity1 . DESIGN Double blind, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Medical and surgical intensive care units in an academic medical center. @entity1 Prospective cohort of 36 consecutive adults requiring intensive care unit care and enteral tube feeding for nutritional support. INTERVENTION Infusion of a single dose of intravenous @entity2929 (500 mg) or saline before placement of 10-Fr feeding tubes using a standardized active bedside protocol. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We determined the success rate of feeding tube placement into or beyond the second portion of the duodenum and the time required for this procedure by experienced nurses. The feeding tube was considered to be postpyloric when the tip was in the second portion of the duodenum or beyond. The predictive value of a serial step-up in gastrointestinal aspirate pH from < or = 5.0 to > or = 6.0 was also determined. Use of intravenous @entity2929 significantly improved the rate of feeding tube placement into the duodenum or jejunum ( @entity2929 group, 13 of 14 @entity1 or 93% vs. the control group, 12 of 22 @entity1 or 55%; p < .03). @entity2929 administration also significantly decreased the procedure time from 25 +/- 3 to 15 +/- 2 mins (p < .04). Feeding tube placement into either duodenum or jejunum was confirmed in all 18 @entity1 with a pH step-up from < or = 5.0 to > or = 6.0. CONCLUSION: A single bolus dose of intravenous @entity2929 facilitates active bedside placement of postpyloric feeding tubes in critically ill adult @entity1 .

title: Intravenous XXXX facilitates bedside placement of postpyloric feeding tubes in critically ill adults: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin', 'Erythromycin']

answer: @entity2929 :: (MESH:D004917,Chemical) :: ['erythromycin']