abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are implicated in the pathogenesis of chemically induced @entity1819 . We have investigated the effects of @entity1068 , @entity5836 ( @entity5828 ), and @entity7159 ( @entity6674 ) on: (1) enhanced production of ROS including @entity224 anion and @entity3787 radicals, (2) modulation of intracellular oxidized states by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and (3) DNA fragmentation, indices of oxidative tissue, and DNA damage in a primary culture of normal @entity1 @entity356 ( @entity356 ), which were isolated and cultured from @entity1534 -negative endoscopic biopsies from @entity1 subjects. The induction of ROS and DNA damage in these cells following exposure to @entity1068 (15%), @entity5828 (150 mM) and @entity6674 (150 mM) were assessed by @entity4674 reduction ( @entity224 anion production), HPLC detection for enhanced production of @entity3787 radicals, changes in intracellular oxidized states by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and DNA damage by quantitating DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, the protective ability of @entity19019 (BSS) was assessed at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg/liter. Incubation of @entity356 with @entity1068 , HCI, and @entity6674 increased @entity224 anion production by approximately 8.0-, 6.1-and 7.1-fold and increased @entity3787 radical production by 13.3-, 9.6-, and 8.9-fold, respectively, compared to the untreated gastric cells. Incubation of @entity356 with @entity1068 , @entity5828 , and @entity6674 increased DNA fragmentation by approximately 6.7-, 4.3-, and 4.8-fold, respectively. Approximately 20.3-, 17.5-, and 13.1-fold increases in fluorescence intensities were observed following incubation of gastric cells with @entity1068 , @entity5828 , and @entity6674 , respectively, demonstrating dramatic changes in the intracellular oxidized states of @entity356 following exposure to these necrotizing agents. Preincubation of @entity356 with 25, 50, and 100 mg/liter of BSS decreased @entity1068 -induced increases in intracellular oxidized states in these cells by 36%, 56%, and 66%, respectively, demonstrating a concentration-dependent protective ability by BSS. Similar results were observed with respect to BSS in terms of @entity224 anion and @entity3787 radical production, and DNA damage. The present study demonstrates that @entity1068 , @entity5828 , and @entity6674 induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in @entity356 and that BSS can significantly attenuate @entity1819 by scavenging these ROS.

title: Mechanism of gastroprotection by @entity19019 against chemically induced oxidative stress in cultured @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal injury', 'gastric injury']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity19019 :: ('MESH:C015715', 'Chemical') :: ['bismuth subsalicylate']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal cells', 'GC']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity7159 :: ('MESH:D012972', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hydroxide']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric mucosal cells']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are implicated in the pathogenesis of chemically induced @entity1819 . We have investigated the effects of @entity1068 , @entity5836 ( @entity5828 ), and @entity7159 ( @entity6674 ) on: (1) enhanced production of ROS including @entity224 anion and @entity3787 radicals, (2) modulation of intracellular oxidized states by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and (3) DNA fragmentation, indices of oxidative tissue, and DNA damage in a primary culture of normal @entity1 @entity356 ( @entity356 ), which were isolated and cultured from @entity1534 -negative endoscopic biopsies from @entity1 subjects. The induction of ROS and DNA damage in these cells following exposure to @entity1068 (15%), @entity5828 (150 mM) and @entity6674 (150 mM) were assessed by @entity4674 reduction ( @entity224 anion production), HPLC detection for enhanced production of @entity3787 radicals, changes in intracellular oxidized states by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and DNA damage by quantitating DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, the protective ability of @entity19019 (BSS) was assessed at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg/liter. Incubation of @entity356 with @entity1068 , HCI, and @entity6674 increased @entity224 anion production by approximately 8.0-, 6.1-and 7.1-fold and increased @entity3787 radical production by 13.3-, 9.6-, and 8.9-fold, respectively, compared to the untreated gastric cells. Incubation of @entity356 with @entity1068 , @entity5828 , and @entity6674 increased DNA fragmentation by approximately 6.7-, 4.3-, and 4.8-fold, respectively. Approximately 20.3-, 17.5-, and 13.1-fold increases in fluorescence intensities were observed following incubation of gastric cells with @entity1068 , @entity5828 , and @entity6674 , respectively, demonstrating dramatic changes in the intracellular oxidized states of @entity356 following exposure to these necrotizing agents. Preincubation of @entity356 with 25, 50, and 100 mg/liter of BSS decreased @entity1068 -induced increases in intracellular oxidized states in these cells by 36%, 56%, and 66%, respectively, demonstrating a concentration-dependent protective ability by BSS. Similar results were observed with respect to BSS in terms of @entity224 anion and @entity3787 radical production, and DNA damage. The present study demonstrates that @entity1068 , @entity5828 , and @entity6674 induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in @entity356 and that BSS can significantly attenuate @entity1819 by scavenging these ROS.

title: Mechanism of gastroprotection by XXXX against chemically induced oxidative stress in cultured @entity1 @entity356 .

answer: @entity19019 :: (MESH:C015715,Chemical) :: ['bismuth subsalicylate']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are implicated in the pathogenesis of chemically induced @entity1819 . We have investigated the effects of @entity1068 , @entity5836 ( @entity5828 ), and @entity7159 ( @entity6674 ) on: (1) enhanced production of ROS including @entity224 anion and @entity3787 radicals, (2) modulation of intracellular oxidized states by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and (3) DNA fragmentation, indices of oxidative tissue, and DNA damage in a primary culture of normal @entity1 @entity356 ( @entity356 ), which were isolated and cultured from @entity1534 -negative endoscopic biopsies from @entity1 subjects. The induction of ROS and DNA damage in these cells following exposure to @entity1068 (15%), @entity5828 (150 mM) and @entity6674 (150 mM) were assessed by @entity4674 reduction ( @entity224 anion production), HPLC detection for enhanced production of @entity3787 radicals, changes in intracellular oxidized states by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and DNA damage by quantitating DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, the protective ability of @entity19019 (BSS) was assessed at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg/liter. Incubation of @entity356 with @entity1068 , HCI, and @entity6674 increased @entity224 anion production by approximately 8.0-, 6.1-and 7.1-fold and increased @entity3787 radical production by 13.3-, 9.6-, and 8.9-fold, respectively, compared to the untreated gastric cells. Incubation of @entity356 with @entity1068 , @entity5828 , and @entity6674 increased DNA fragmentation by approximately 6.7-, 4.3-, and 4.8-fold, respectively. Approximately 20.3-, 17.5-, and 13.1-fold increases in fluorescence intensities were observed following incubation of gastric cells with @entity1068 , @entity5828 , and @entity6674 , respectively, demonstrating dramatic changes in the intracellular oxidized states of @entity356 following exposure to these necrotizing agents. Preincubation of @entity356 with 25, 50, and 100 mg/liter of BSS decreased @entity1068 -induced increases in intracellular oxidized states in these cells by 36%, 56%, and 66%, respectively, demonstrating a concentration-dependent protective ability by BSS. Similar results were observed with respect to BSS in terms of @entity224 anion and @entity3787 radical production, and DNA damage. The present study demonstrates that @entity1068 , @entity5828 , and @entity6674 induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in @entity356 and that BSS can significantly attenuate @entity1819 by scavenging these ROS.

title: Mechanism of gastroprotection by @entity19019 against chemically induced oxidative stress in cultured XXXX @entity356 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new imaging technology which can perform high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging of the internal microstructure of biological tissues. OCT is analogous to ultrasound, except that it measures the intensity of back-reflected infrared light rather than sound waves. OCT performs two- and three-dimensional imaging of tissue microstructure in situ and in real time. It can achieve image resolutions approaching the cellular level over approximately the same imaging depths as a conventional biopsy. In this article we examine the feasibility of OCT for high-resolution imaging of @entity344 with ex-vivo imaging of normal and pathologic microstructures. Tissue, both normal and neoplastic, was obtained from @entity1 undergoing surgical resection after an initial diagnosis of a @entity344 . The tissue samples were imaged prior to fixation using a laboratory OCT system. The OCT system consists of a fiber optic-based Michelson interferometer, a commercially available amplified superluminscent light source, and a computer for data acquisition. The images were subsequently compared with histological cross-sections corresponding to the imaged areas. The stratified squamous epithelium of the normal esophagus was clearly visible in the OCT images and contrasted to the disorganized and non-uniform nature of the mucosal layers of @entity355 and @entity957 . The columnar epithelial morphology as well as other mucosal structures in normal colon were distinctly visible using OCT. In contrast, disorganization of the normal mucosal layers and @entity1066 were identified in tissues from @entity31 and @entity694 . The ability of OCT to image tissue microstructure at high resolutions makes it a potentially powerful technology for minimally invasive assessment of the gastrointestinal tract and the evaluation of early neoplastic changes.

title: Feasibility of optical coherence tomography for high-resolution imaging of XXXX gastrointestinal tract malignancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies', 'gastrointestinal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the colon']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Given the gradual progression observed in @entity1555 , organization of care in multidisciplinary consultations is essential for optimal management of the different aspects of the disease. Drawing up a care plan is always preceded by a specific consultation for the announcement of the diagnosis with both the parents and the @entity1 . Explaining to the @entity1 the origin of his problems with simple words, telling him that why he experienced a particular symptom has been understood, is a fundamental step. The @entity1 needs to receive the information at different times of the disease following the rhythms of the disease stages, with an appropriate lead time. With the progress achieved in managing this disease, more than 90% of these @entity1 now live into adulthood. The switch from pediatric consultations to adult consultations, marking the transition from childhood management at adulthood, is a major challenge in the organization of care. Although today @entity204 occurs most often in adulthood, some @entity1 die in childhood. For the majority of teams who care for @entity1 , whatever the initial pathology may be, the notion of care continuity and accompaniment from the announcement of the disease to the terminal phase is essential. Increasing numbers of therapeutic trials have been developed over the past few years aiming to investigate @entity1 with @entity1555 . However, they must not neglect the overall management of these @entity1 and provide the best accompaniment possible.

title: [Principles of multidisciplinary management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: Differentiation of @entity35 skeletal muscle satellite cells was studied in vitro. @entity4722 and insulin, two unrelated compounds that reportedly stimulate differentiation of other types of myogenic cells, were used to examine the regulation of differentiation in satellite cell cultures. As in cultures of @entity1573 embryo muscle cells, @entity4722 stimulated fusion but only at low serum concentrations or in defined medium without @entity10549 ( @entity10549 ). The effects of insulin on differentiation were quite variable, however; at very low cell densities no stimulatory effect was observed. In intermediate and, to a lesser extent, high density satellite cell cultures, the addition of insulin at concentrations between .01 and 1.0 microM stimulated satellite cell fusion. Whenever @entity101 were observed, however, a parallel increase in cell number was also found. A closer examination of the relationship between differentiation and the presence or absence of mitogenic agents in the medium suggested that a mitogenic signal and the resultant proliferation of cells prevented differentiation. Subsequent experiments indicated that fusion could be induced by lower serum concentration or by removal of @entity10549 , as long as @entity4722 was present in the medium. Therefore, proliferation and differentiation appear to be antagonistic processes in cultured satellite cells. If the rate of proliferation is depressed, either by mitogen removal or by increasing cell density, differentiation is favored. Differentiation can, therefore, be regulated and applied to in vitro studies of satellite cell activity.

title: Effect of insulin and XXXX on satellite cell differentiation.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in fusion']

entities_list: @entity10549 :: ('395432(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['FGF', 'fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid', 'Linoleic acid']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several studies have reported clinical and biological differences between early- and late-onset(EO and LO) @entity308 , which suggest different underlying aetiological processes. The aim of the present study is to examine whether there are differences between EO and LO @entity308 @entity1 with melancholy, controlling for current age, with regard to clinical variables, vascular risk factors and family history of affective disorders or suicide. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-one melancholic @entity1 were divided into three groups: @entity1 with current age and onset earlier than 60 (N = 60), @entity1 aged 60 or over and with onset at 60 or later(N = 30) and @entity1 aged 60 or over and with onset before the age of 60 (N = 31). Systematic clinical data were collected with the structured interview    The Schedule for @entity1316 and @entity161   . Symptom ratings at admission and at discharge were assessed by means of the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Widl  cher Depression Retardation Scale. Family history of affective disorders or suicide was obtained using the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria. Vascular risk factors were also recorded. RESULTS: The only symptoms that differed across the groups were feelings of anger and @entity146 , which scored lower in the LO older group. No other significant differences were found in the variables studied. CONCLUSION: According to this study, LO @entity308 with @entity308 should not be considered as a distinct entity. Further studies on EO and LO- @entity308 should consider this diagnostic subtype, among others, as a key variable.

title: Early- and late-onset XXXX in the older: no differences found within the melancholic subtype.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['melancholia', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Affective Disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) constitutes most primary central nervous system (CNS) @entity706 (PCNSL), whereas T-cell, low-grade and @entity2109 ( @entity2109 ) are rarely encountered. Due to the paucity of cases, little is known about the clinical features and treatment outcomes of PCNSL other than @entity1892 . The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes for @entity1 with PCNSL other than @entity1892 . Fifteen @entity1 , newly diagnosed with PCNSLs other than @entity1892 between 2000 and 2010, were included. The male to female ratio was 0.67:1 with a median age of diagnosis of 31 years (range 18-59). Pathologic distributions were as follows: @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ; n=7), @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ; n=1), @entity706 ( @entity706 ; n=2), @entity2109 (n=1), other unspecified (T-cell lineage, n=2; B-cell lineage, n=2). Thirteen @entity1 (87%) showed Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score (ECOG PS) 1-2. The remaining two were one @entity3191 @entity1 and one @entity2109 @entity1 . Of the nine @entity1 with @entity784 , five (56%) had @entity75 , and one (20%) with @entity706 of the five @entity1 with @entity1892 showed a single lesion. @entity3554 was identified in two @entity1 (one with @entity2109 and one with unspecified @entity1892 ). Two @entity1 (22%) with @entity784 died 7.7 and 23.3 months later, respectively, due to disease progression, despite HD- @entity1500 -based therapy. Six @entity1 with @entity784 (6/9, 66.7%) and four @entity1 with low-grade @entity1892 (4/5, 80%) achieved complete response and have survived without relapse (Table 3). One @entity1 with @entity2109 showed poor clinical features with ECOG PS 3, deep structure, multifocal, and @entity3554 , and died 7.6 months after the initiation of treatment. In comparison with previously reported DLBCLs (median OS 6.4 years, 95% CI 3.7-9.1 years), @entity784 showed equivocal or favorable clinical outcomes and low-grade @entity1892 , such as @entity1892 and @entity706 , had a good prognosis. However, primary CNS @entity2109 presented poor clinical outcomes and showed a comparatively aggressive clinical course. In conclusion, primary @entity149 other than @entity1892 occurred more in younger @entity1 and showed a generally good prognosis, except for @entity2109 . Further research on treatment strategies for @entity2109 is needed.

title: Primary @entity149 other than XXXX : a descriptive analysis of clinical features and treatment outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'LPL', 'lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['PTCL', 'peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['BL', "Burkitt's lymphoma", "Burkitt's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma', 'DLBCL', 'marginal zone B-cell lymphoma', 'Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma', 'B-cell lymphomas', 'MZBCL']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['Leptomeningeal lymphomatosis', 'leptomeningeal lymphomatosis']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['DLBCL']


abstract: @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) constitutes most primary central nervous system (CNS) @entity706 (PCNSL), whereas T-cell, low-grade and @entity2109 ( @entity2109 ) are rarely encountered. Due to the paucity of cases, little is known about the clinical features and treatment outcomes of PCNSL other than @entity1892 . The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes for @entity1 with PCNSL other than @entity1892 . Fifteen @entity1 , newly diagnosed with PCNSLs other than @entity1892 between 2000 and 2010, were included. The male to female ratio was 0.67:1 with a median age of diagnosis of 31 years (range 18-59). Pathologic distributions were as follows: @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ; n=7), @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ; n=1), @entity706 ( @entity706 ; n=2), @entity2109 (n=1), other unspecified (T-cell lineage, n=2; B-cell lineage, n=2). Thirteen @entity1 (87%) showed Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score (ECOG PS) 1-2. The remaining two were one @entity3191 @entity1 and one @entity2109 @entity1 . Of the nine @entity1 with @entity784 , five (56%) had @entity75 , and one (20%) with @entity706 of the five @entity1 with @entity1892 showed a single lesion. @entity3554 was identified in two @entity1 (one with @entity2109 and one with unspecified @entity1892 ). Two @entity1 (22%) with @entity784 died 7.7 and 23.3 months later, respectively, due to disease progression, despite HD- @entity1500 -based therapy. Six @entity1 with @entity784 (6/9, 66.7%) and four @entity1 with low-grade @entity1892 (4/5, 80%) achieved complete response and have survived without relapse (Table 3). One @entity1 with @entity2109 showed poor clinical features with ECOG PS 3, deep structure, multifocal, and @entity3554 , and died 7.6 months after the initiation of treatment. In comparison with previously reported DLBCLs (median OS 6.4 years, 95% CI 3.7-9.1 years), @entity784 showed equivocal or favorable clinical outcomes and low-grade @entity1892 , such as @entity1892 and @entity706 , had a good prognosis. However, primary CNS @entity2109 presented poor clinical outcomes and showed a comparatively aggressive clinical course. In conclusion, primary @entity149 other than @entity1892 occurred more in younger @entity1 and showed a generally good prognosis, except for @entity2109 . Further research on treatment strategies for @entity2109 is needed.

title: Primary XXXX other than @entity1892 : a descriptive analysis of clinical features and treatment outcomes.

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['CNS lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The risk of @entity715 in individuals with rare compound @entity49 , homozygous @entity5337 ( @entity5337 ) plus heterozygous prothrombin @entity14553 (PTM), homozygous PTM plus heterozygous @entity5337 , and homozygous @entity5337 plus homozygous PTM, is unknown. We identified, worldwide, individuals with these compound @entity49 , predominantly through mailing members of the International Society on @entity715 and Haemostasis. Physicians were sent a clinical questionnaire. Confirmatory copies of the genetic results were obtained. One hundred individuals were enrolled; 58% were female. Seventy-one individuals had a @entity49 (includes superficial and deep vein @entity715 , and @entity1151 ), 4 had an arterial @entity715 and 6 had both. Nineteen individuals had never had a @entity715 event. @entity715 -free survival curves demonstrated that 50% of individuals had experienced a @entity715 event by 35 yrs of age, while 50% had a first @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ; includes all @entity49 except superficial @entity715 ) by 41 yrs of age; 38.2% of first VTEs were unprovoked. 37% of @entity1 had at least one @entity1211 recurrence. Seventy percent of first pregnancies carried to term and not treated with anticoagulation were @entity715 -free. In conclusion, @entity1 with these rare compound @entity49 are not exceedingly thrombogenic, even though they have a substantial risk for @entity1211 .

title: Thrombophilic risk of individuals with rare compound XXXX and prothrombin @entity14553 polymorphisms: an international case series of 100 individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'thrombophilias']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolic event', 'VTE']

answer: @entity5337 :: (2153,Gene) :: ['factor V Leiden']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The risk of @entity715 in individuals with rare compound @entity49 , homozygous @entity5337 ( @entity5337 ) plus heterozygous prothrombin @entity14553 (PTM), homozygous PTM plus heterozygous @entity5337 , and homozygous @entity5337 plus homozygous PTM, is unknown. We identified, worldwide, individuals with these compound @entity49 , predominantly through mailing members of the International Society on @entity715 and Haemostasis. Physicians were sent a clinical questionnaire. Confirmatory copies of the genetic results were obtained. One hundred individuals were enrolled; 58% were female. Seventy-one individuals had a @entity49 (includes superficial and deep vein @entity715 , and @entity1151 ), 4 had an arterial @entity715 and 6 had both. Nineteen individuals had never had a @entity715 event. @entity715 -free survival curves demonstrated that 50% of individuals had experienced a @entity715 event by 35 yrs of age, while 50% had a first @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ; includes all @entity49 except superficial @entity715 ) by 41 yrs of age; 38.2% of first VTEs were unprovoked. 37% of @entity1 had at least one @entity1211 recurrence. Seventy percent of first pregnancies carried to term and not treated with anticoagulation were @entity715 -free. In conclusion, @entity1 with these rare compound @entity49 are not exceedingly thrombogenic, even though they have a substantial risk for @entity1211 .

title: Thrombophilic risk of individuals with rare compound @entity5337 and prothrombin XXXX polymorphisms: an international case series of 100 individuals.

answer: @entity14553 :: (c|SUB|G|20210|A,DNAMutation) :: ['G20210A']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the possibility to arrest occlusal @entity75 in adults by sealant as well as to assess the presence of radiographic progression, arrest, and regression of the sealed lesions. Seventy-two occlusal @entity75 in 52 adult @entity1 referred to restorative treatment by senior lecturers at School of Dentistry, Copenhagen, Denmark were included. In case the @entity1 had more than one occlusal caries lesion, randomization between sealing and restoration was made; otherwise, the lesion was sealed. In total, 60 resin sealants and 12 composite restorations were made. Follow-up period was 25-38  months (mean   =   33  months). Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics including kappa statistics. After 2-3  years, the dropout rate was 15%; two @entity1 did not show up for control and nine previously sealed lesions were restored by the @entity1 ' general practitioners. All 12 restorations and 39 of the remaining 49 sealants were well functioning, seven (14%) sealants were repaired/replaced due to failure, and three (6%) sealed lesions were restored due to caries progression (p   >   0.05). The radiographic assessment showed caries progression beneath five (10%) sealants, caries regression beneath one (2%) sealant, and unchanged depth beneath 43 (88%) sealants and all restorations (p   >   0.05). The majority of the referred lesions were successfully arrested by sealants, indicating the possibility for extending the criteria for sealing occlusal @entity75 in adults. However, a longer observation period is needed for final conclusion. Extending the criteria of therapeutic sealing of occlusal @entity75 in adults will lead to increased dental health.

title: Sealing occlusal XXXX in adults referred for restorative treatment: 2-3 years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['caries lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['caries lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: To correlate @entity1 ' satisfaction and dentists' observations regarding two abutment designs used for single crowns in the esthetic zone: a divergent one (control) and a curved one (experimental), with special emphasis on muco-gingival esthetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with nonadjacent missing teeth in the esthetic zone were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial (within-subject comparison). Two implants placed in each were restored using abutments of different geometry. @entity1 ' appreciation was assessed on a @entity227 ( @entity227 ) by recording answers to three questions, and dentists' appreciation was determined by means of the Pink Esthetic Score (PES) at T0 (crown cementation, baseline) and at T12 (1 year post-cementation). ANOVA with post hoc analysis was used to identify differences between groups and at different moments in time. Pearson correlations were calculated between all variables, both at T0 and at T12. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found at any time between the control and experimental abutment design, either for the PES or for the @entity227 score. PES slightly improved after 1 year, as did the @entity227 rating related to functioning with the implant-crown compared to the natural teeth. All PES and @entity227 scores demonstrated highly significant correlation. Both @entity1 satisfaction and professional appreciation of muco-gingival conditions after single implant treatment in the esthetic zone were high; however, the curved, experimental abutment design performed no better than the conventional, divergent type. CONCLUSION: Curved abutment design does not significantly impact crown or gingival esthetics as assessed by PES and @entity227 scored by dentists and @entity1 , respectively.

title: Esthetic Evaluation of Anterior Single-Tooth Implants with Different Abutment Designs- XXXX ' Satisfaction Compared to Dentists' Observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analog scale', 'VAS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Current guidelines include both induction therapy plus an operation and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) as options for clinical stage IIIA (cIIIA) @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) after multidisciplinary evaluation. We explored the use of operations for cIIIA @entity1149 in the Netherlands. METHODS: Data about the primary treatment of @entity1 with cIIIA @entity1149 (according to the seventh edition of the @entity5 , Node, and Metastasis Classification of @entity5 ) between 2010 and 2013 were extracted from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Mortality information was obtained from the automated civil registry. RESULTS: A total of 4816 @entity1 with cIIIA @entity1149 (stage cN2, 3240 [67%]; stage T4, 1252 [26%]) were identified. CRT was used in 45% of @entity1 and an operation was a component of treatment in 15%, with 28% of the latter having induction therapy. The 4-year survival rate was highest with induction therapy plus an operation (51%), followed by an operation plus adjuvant therapy (39%) and CRT (27%). @entity1 receiving induction therapy plus an operation were younger than those receiving CRT (median age 60 versus 66 years). The 30- and 90-day postoperative mortality rates after induction therapy plus lobectomy were 0.6% and 3.7% compared with 4.2% and 12.5% after induction therapy plus bilobectomy or pneumonectomy. Factors associated with poorer survival after induction therapy plus an operation were age older than 69 years, histological findings of @entity1358 , and bilobectomy or pneumonectomy. Pathological stage IIIA @entity1149 was present in only 51% of @entity1 with cIIIA @entity1149 who underwent an operation with or without adjuvant therapy, and the disease was of a lower stage in most of the remaining @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In the Netherlands between 2010 and 2013, 15% of @entity1 with cIIIA @entity1149 received an operation, with the minority of these @entity1 receiving induction therapy. In those receiving induction therapy, 90-day mortality after bilobectomy or pneumonectomy was more than three times higher than that for lobectomy. The discrepancy between clinical and pathological stage in @entity1 receiving an upfront operation merits further investigation.

title: Population-Based Patterns of Surgical Care for Stage IIIA XXXX in the Netherlands between 2010 and 2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['nonsquamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant Tumours', 'Tumour']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity136 and @entity901 (GEMOX) has yielded among the longest progression-free survival durations in @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ). We postulated that adding bevacizumab would increase the effectiveness of GEMOX. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had stage III or IV @entity788 , ECOG PS 0-2, and no prior @entity136 . Treatment included 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenous @entity136 over 100 min on day 1, 10 mg/kg intravenous bevacizumab on day 1, and 100 mg/m(2) @entity901 given on day 2. Cycles were repeated every 2 weeks. CT imaging was performed every 6 weeks. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 were enrolled: 14 had @entity5 , the remainder stage IV. Median age was 59 years. Fourty-five @entity1 were ECOG 0-1. The grade 3-4 @entity137 rate was 94%; fatigue (47%) and @entity390 (40%) were frequent. One @entity1 died after a bowel perforation; a second died of a @entity64 . The median PFS was 4.9 months; median survival was 11.9 months; 1 year survival was 42%. Locally advanced @entity1 lived 12.8 months; metastatic @entity1 lived 10.2 months. @entity1 developing grade 3 @entity101 were more likely to have a radiologic response (P = .012); survival among the top and bottom quintiles of @entity101 was 14.7 and 6.2 months, respectively. Survival correlated with baseline CA 19-9 (P = .004) and radiologic response. The overall response rate was 36%; 34% demonstrated stable disease. CONCLUSIONS: The GEMOX/bevacizumab regimen demonstrated an excellent median overall survival but did not meet our objective of a 14 month median survival. @entity137 was significant. We do not recommend further evaluation of this regimen.

title: Bevacizumab plus @entity136 and @entity901 as first-line therapy for metastatic or locally XXXX : a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['advanced pancreatic cancer', 'APC', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['advanced pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity136 and @entity901 (GEMOX) has yielded among the longest progression-free survival durations in @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ). We postulated that adding bevacizumab would increase the effectiveness of GEMOX. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had stage III or IV @entity788 , ECOG PS 0-2, and no prior @entity136 . Treatment included 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenous @entity136 over 100 min on day 1, 10 mg/kg intravenous bevacizumab on day 1, and 100 mg/m(2) @entity901 given on day 2. Cycles were repeated every 2 weeks. CT imaging was performed every 6 weeks. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 were enrolled: 14 had @entity5 , the remainder stage IV. Median age was 59 years. Fourty-five @entity1 were ECOG 0-1. The grade 3-4 @entity137 rate was 94%; fatigue (47%) and @entity390 (40%) were frequent. One @entity1 died after a bowel perforation; a second died of a @entity64 . The median PFS was 4.9 months; median survival was 11.9 months; 1 year survival was 42%. Locally advanced @entity1 lived 12.8 months; metastatic @entity1 lived 10.2 months. @entity1 developing grade 3 @entity101 were more likely to have a radiologic response (P = .012); survival among the top and bottom quintiles of @entity101 was 14.7 and 6.2 months, respectively. Survival correlated with baseline CA 19-9 (P = .004) and radiologic response. The overall response rate was 36%; 34% demonstrated stable disease. CONCLUSIONS: The GEMOX/bevacizumab regimen demonstrated an excellent median overall survival but did not meet our objective of a 14 month median survival. @entity137 was significant. We do not recommend further evaluation of this regimen.

title: Bevacizumab plus @entity136 and XXXX as first-line therapy for metastatic or locally @entity788 : a phase II trial.

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity136 and @entity901 (GEMOX) has yielded among the longest progression-free survival durations in @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ). We postulated that adding bevacizumab would increase the effectiveness of GEMOX. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had stage III or IV @entity788 , ECOG PS 0-2, and no prior @entity136 . Treatment included 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenous @entity136 over 100 min on day 1, 10 mg/kg intravenous bevacizumab on day 1, and 100 mg/m(2) @entity901 given on day 2. Cycles were repeated every 2 weeks. CT imaging was performed every 6 weeks. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 were enrolled: 14 had @entity5 , the remainder stage IV. Median age was 59 years. Fourty-five @entity1 were ECOG 0-1. The grade 3-4 @entity137 rate was 94%; fatigue (47%) and @entity390 (40%) were frequent. One @entity1 died after a bowel perforation; a second died of a @entity64 . The median PFS was 4.9 months; median survival was 11.9 months; 1 year survival was 42%. Locally advanced @entity1 lived 12.8 months; metastatic @entity1 lived 10.2 months. @entity1 developing grade 3 @entity101 were more likely to have a radiologic response (P = .012); survival among the top and bottom quintiles of @entity101 was 14.7 and 6.2 months, respectively. Survival correlated with baseline CA 19-9 (P = .004) and radiologic response. The overall response rate was 36%; 34% demonstrated stable disease. CONCLUSIONS: The GEMOX/bevacizumab regimen demonstrated an excellent median overall survival but did not meet our objective of a 14 month median survival. @entity137 was significant. We do not recommend further evaluation of this regimen.

title: Bevacizumab plus XXXX and @entity901 as first-line therapy for metastatic or locally @entity788 : a phase II trial.

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Fontan procedure has been used since 1971 as a palliative treatment for various (functionally) univentricular hearts. The systemic venous blood flows passively to the pulmonary arteries, without passing through a functional ventricle. This results in chronic @entity450 , which may lead to liver @entity82 , @entity82 and @entity157 . This review discusses possible screening modalities for liver @entity82 and @entity82 in the Fontan population and proposes a screening protocol. We suggest starting screening for progression of @entity82 and @entity82 in collaboration with the hepatologist circa 10years after Fontan completion. The screening programme will consist of a yearly evaluation of liver laboratory tests in conjunction with imaging of the liver with ultrasound or MRI every two years. In case of liver @entity82 or @entity82 , (reversible) causes should be ruled out (e.g. obstruction in the Fontan circuit). In case of severe @entity82 or @entity82 , other complications of portal @entity101 should be evaluated and screening for @entity157 is required on a regular (6-12months) basis. As regards @entity157 , treatment should be discussed in a multidisciplinary team, before deciding a treatment modality.

title: Three cases of XXXX in Fontan patients: Review of the literature and suggestions for hepatic screening.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['systemic venous congestion']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 is a highly prevalent disorder which is usually considered as differentially experienced depending on gender. Behavioral theories of @entity308 pinpoint the importance of the behavioral avoidance in the maintenance of @entity308 . However, little is known about the specific impact of the behavioral avoidance and activation on each depressive symptom as well as on gender differences on the behavioral features of @entity308 . METHODS: This study's aim was two-fold: (1) to assess the presence of gender differences on the BDI-II; (2) to investigate the respective predictive value of behavioral avoidance and of behavioral activation on each depressive symptom assessed by the BDI-II depending on gender. Community adults and adults attending mental healthcare composed the sample. RESULTS: Results showed differences in symptomatology profiles depending on gender (e.g. higher scores of sadness, self-criticalness in @entity1 , higher scores of past @entity177 and @entity393 in @entity1 ). Behavioral avoidance positively predicted almost all @entity308 in @entity1 and in @entity1 while behavioral activation negatively predicted almost all symptoms in both gender. Nevertheless, the strengths of these relationships were different for some symptoms (e.g. pessimism). LIMITATIONS: The use of self-report instruments; the lack of assessment of causal or precipitating factors of the depressive symptomatology; the higher number of @entity1 in the sample. CONCLUSIONS: Results are discussed with respect to previous findings and present clinical implications: (1) to underline the relevance of the combination of gender-specific assessment tools; (2) to highlight the need of tailored psychological intervention.

title: XXXX symptomatology and the influence of the behavioral avoidance and activation: A gender-specific investigation.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of pleasure']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Existing diverse bottom-up estimations of direct costs associated with @entity308 in Germany motivated a detailed @entity1 -level analysis of @entity308 -related treatment (DRT), -costs (DRC) and Comorbidity. METHODS: A large sickness fund's claims data was used to retrospectively identify @entity1 aged 18-65 years with new-onset @entity308 treatment between January 1st and February 15th 2010, and follow them until December 31st 2010, describe DRT, estimate associated DRC, and predict DRC with a generalised linear model. RESULTS: A total of 18,139 @entity1 were analysed. Mean direct DRC were    783. Predictors of DRC regarding @entity146 comorbidities were: "Delusion, @entity914 and @entity1314 " (DRC-ratio 1.72), " @entity285 /drug addiction" (1.82), "abuse of @entity285 /drugs" (1.57). Predictors of DRC regarding medical comorbidities were: " @entity309 " (0.77), " @entity731 " (0.65), "pregnancy" (0.66), and " @entity571 " (1.87). Of all @entity1 , 60.8% received their most intense/specialised DRT from a general practitioner, a medical specialist (23.7%), a psychotherapist (8.0%), a medical specialist and psychotherapist (2.9%), or in hospital (4.6%). Serious @entity146 comorbidity nearly tripled @entity308 -related hospitalisation rates. LIMITATIONS: @entity7383 and missing @entity146 outpatient clinic data must be considered. CONCLUSIONS: Estimated DRC are significantly below the assessment of the German national guideline. Differing definitions of observation period and cost attribution might explain differing German DRC results. Signs of @entity146 bias indicate overestimation of hospital DRC. Identified associations of DRC with certain medical diseases in older adults warrant further research. Up to one quarter of @entity1 with severe @entity308 diagnosis might lack specialist treatment.

title: XXXX -related treatment and costs in Germany: Do they change with comorbidity? A claims data analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'hospital psychiatric comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity7383 :: ('MESH:D016574', 'Disease') :: ['Seasonal affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Local recurrence (LR) after radical cystectomy (RC) for @entity150 has a bad prognosis. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgical excision, but few data is available on the advantages of surgery for these @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated our series of 8 selected @entity1 who underwent surgery for locally recurrent @entity150 after RC. RESULTS: The median time to recurrence after cystectomy was 20.8 months. The complications rate and severity were not negligible. Pathology report confirmed @entity189 with negative margins in all @entity1 . After LR treatment, 4 @entity1 recurred locally for a second time and 3 developed distant @entity3 . They all died after a median follow-up of 10.4 months. One @entity1 remained disease free after 14 months. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity1 with LR is poor regardless of surgical treatment and reflects the aggressive biological nature of @entity5 .

title: The Role of Surgery in Local Recurrences after Radical Cystectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: B cell-activation factor ( @entity8410 ) is critical for B cell maturation. Inhibition of @entity8410 represents an appealing target for desensitization of sensitized @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 . We conducted a Phase 2a, single-arm, open-label exploratory study investigating the effect of tabalumab ( @entity8410 inhibitor) in @entity1 with @entity454 and calculated panel reactive antibodies (cPRAs) >50%. The treatment period duration was 24 weeks. Eighteen @entity1 received tabalumab, at doses of 240-mg subcutaneous (SC) at Week 0 followed by 120-mg SC monthly for 5 additional months. @entity1 were followed for an additional 52 weeks. Immunopharmacologic effects were characterized through analysis of blood for HLA antibodies, @entity8410 concentrations, immunoglobulins, T and B cell subsets, as well as pre- and posttreatment tonsil and bone marrow biopsies. Significant reductions in cPRAs were observed at Weeks 16 (p   =   0.043) and 36 (p   =   0.004); however, absolute reductions were small (<5%). Expected pharmacologic changes in B cell subsets and immunoglobulin reductions were observed. Two tabalumab-related serious adverse events occurred ( @entity55 , worsening of @entity1897 ), while the most common other adverse events were injection-site @entity158 and @entity551 . Three @entity1 received matched deceased donor transplants during follow-up. Treatment with a @entity8410 inhibitor resulted in statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful reduction in the cPRA from baseline (NCT01200290, Clinicaltrials.gov).

title: Effect of Treatment With Tabalumab, a B Cell-Activating Factor Inhibitor, on Highly Sensitized @entity1 With XXXX Awaiting Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-Stage Renal Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: B cell-activation factor ( @entity8410 ) is critical for B cell maturation. Inhibition of @entity8410 represents an appealing target for desensitization of sensitized @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 . We conducted a Phase 2a, single-arm, open-label exploratory study investigating the effect of tabalumab ( @entity8410 inhibitor) in @entity1 with @entity454 and calculated panel reactive antibodies (cPRAs) >50%. The treatment period duration was 24 weeks. Eighteen @entity1 received tabalumab, at doses of 240-mg subcutaneous (SC) at Week 0 followed by 120-mg SC monthly for 5 additional months. @entity1 were followed for an additional 52 weeks. Immunopharmacologic effects were characterized through analysis of blood for HLA antibodies, @entity8410 concentrations, immunoglobulins, T and B cell subsets, as well as pre- and posttreatment tonsil and bone marrow biopsies. Significant reductions in cPRAs were observed at Weeks 16 (p   =   0.043) and 36 (p   =   0.004); however, absolute reductions were small (<5%). Expected pharmacologic changes in B cell subsets and immunoglobulin reductions were observed. Two tabalumab-related serious adverse events occurred ( @entity55 , worsening of @entity1897 ), while the most common other adverse events were injection-site @entity158 and @entity551 . Three @entity1 received matched deceased donor transplants during follow-up. Treatment with a @entity8410 inhibitor resulted in statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful reduction in the cPRA from baseline (NCT01200290, Clinicaltrials.gov).

title: Effect of Treatment With Tabalumab, a B Cell-Activating Factor Inhibitor, on Highly Sensitized XXXX With @entity454 Awaiting Transplantation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Sixty-three virus isolates were obtained by inoculation of Vero cells with sera from 50 hospital in- @entity1 in Liberia with acute febrile illnesses. 57 of the isolates were presumptively identified as @entity26211 (LV) by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) staining of inoculated Vero cells. These, and six additional isolates obtained only by titration of supernatant fluids from inoculated Vero cells, were definitively identified as LV in a neutralization test. Two additional LV isolates were obtained from a @entity1 's sera from Nigeria. By cross-neutralization tests, the Nigerian LV strains were serologically identical to the prototype Nigerian LV strain (PP) but were distinct from both a reference LV strain from Sierra Leone (SL), and from the Liberian (LIB) strains isolated in this study. The LIB and SL strains were closely related to each other, but not to the Nigerian LV strains. LIB LV strains were tested for virulence in strain 2 and 13 @entity840 , and a spectrum of virulence was observed which correlated only approximately with disease severity for @entity1 @entity1 . Two @entity1 -lethal isolates killed all inoculated strain 2 and 13 @entity840 , whereas nine isolates from mildly ill @entity1 were benign for @entity840 . Yet some LV isolates from severely ill or lethally infected @entity1 , especially those from pregnant @entity1 and @entity1 , were totally benign for @entity840 . These data suggest that antigenically distinct LV strains exist in nature, and that antigenically indistinguishable LV isolates may differ in virulence potential for various hosts.

title: Endemic Lassa fever in Liberia. III. Characterization of XXXX isolates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

answer: @entity26211 :: (11620,Species) :: ['Lassa virus']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 with endogenous @entity699 were treated with @entity4235 and/or @entity6239 . The duration of the therapy varied from 19 up to 365 days. In @entity1 with @entity699 , @entity4235 (0.5-2.5 g/day) and @entity6239 (0.5-1.5 g/day) seemed equally effective in reducing the @entity701 excretion (54 +/- 9 vs 40 +/- 7%). The majority of these @entity1 also showed a clinical improvement. In 1 @entity1 with @entity652 , @entity4235 induced a remission. In another @entity1 with @entity16663 , and in 2 with the @entity11060 , the @entity701 excretion was significantly reduced by the combination of @entity4235 and @entity6239 but no obvious clinical improvement was observed. Side effects i.e. @entity1910 and @entity111 attributed to @entity6239 was seen in 3 @entity1 which necessitated the omission of treatment in 2. On @entity4235 a moderate @entity12737 was observed in 1 @entity1 . In conclusion both @entity4235 and @entity6239 were useful as adjunctive therapy in @entity699 .

title: @entity6239 and XXXX in the management of @entity699 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11060 :: ('MESH:D000182', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic ACTH syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide', 'amino-glutethimide']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", "Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical cancer']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal adenoma']

answer: @entity4235 :: (MESH:D008797,Chemical) :: ['metyrapone']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 with endogenous @entity699 were treated with @entity4235 and/or @entity6239 . The duration of the therapy varied from 19 up to 365 days. In @entity1 with @entity699 , @entity4235 (0.5-2.5 g/day) and @entity6239 (0.5-1.5 g/day) seemed equally effective in reducing the @entity701 excretion (54 +/- 9 vs 40 +/- 7%). The majority of these @entity1 also showed a clinical improvement. In 1 @entity1 with @entity652 , @entity4235 induced a remission. In another @entity1 with @entity16663 , and in 2 with the @entity11060 , the @entity701 excretion was significantly reduced by the combination of @entity4235 and @entity6239 but no obvious clinical improvement was observed. Side effects i.e. @entity1910 and @entity111 attributed to @entity6239 was seen in 3 @entity1 which necessitated the omission of treatment in 2. On @entity4235 a moderate @entity12737 was observed in 1 @entity1 . In conclusion both @entity4235 and @entity6239 were useful as adjunctive therapy in @entity699 .

title: @entity6239 and @entity4235 in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 with endogenous @entity699 were treated with @entity4235 and/or @entity6239 . The duration of the therapy varied from 19 up to 365 days. In @entity1 with @entity699 , @entity4235 (0.5-2.5 g/day) and @entity6239 (0.5-1.5 g/day) seemed equally effective in reducing the @entity701 excretion (54 +/- 9 vs 40 +/- 7%). The majority of these @entity1 also showed a clinical improvement. In 1 @entity1 with @entity652 , @entity4235 induced a remission. In another @entity1 with @entity16663 , and in 2 with the @entity11060 , the @entity701 excretion was significantly reduced by the combination of @entity4235 and @entity6239 but no obvious clinical improvement was observed. Side effects i.e. @entity1910 and @entity111 attributed to @entity6239 was seen in 3 @entity1 which necessitated the omission of treatment in 2. On @entity4235 a moderate @entity12737 was observed in 1 @entity1 . In conclusion both @entity4235 and @entity6239 were useful as adjunctive therapy in @entity699 .

title: XXXX and @entity4235 in the management of @entity699 .

answer: @entity6239 :: (MESH:D000616,Chemical) :: ['Aminoglutethimide']


abstract: 1. A new smooth muscle preparation, the @entity35 anococcygeus muscle, is described. The muscle is paired, thin, consists of smooth muscle only and the muscle cells are organized in parallel bundles. It has a dense adrenergic innervation distributed throughout the muscle but apparently no cholinergic innervation. The muscles are easily isolated.2. The muscle contracts to @entity1063 , @entity934 , @entity72761 , @entity750 , but not to @entity112 . @entity3044 produces contraction at high concentrations. The effects of @entity1063 and @entity934 are blocked by @entity5521 and @entity3897 respectively. The response to @entity3044 is little affected by @entity1169 .3. The muscle contracts in response to field stimulation or stimulation of extrinsic nerves. This response is completely blocked by @entity5521 but unaffected by @entity4033 or @entity3897 .4. @entity2997 10(-6)-5 x 10(-6)M blocks the motor response to nerve stimulation and potentiates that to @entity1063 . Higher concentrations of @entity2997 raise tone. In the presence of raised tone, field stimulation produces an inhibitory response insensitive to @entity4033 but abolished by @entity1022 2 x 10(-7) g/ml. This inhibitory response to stimulation can also be shown after other drugs which raise tone.5. The inhibitory response to nerve stimulation is not mimicked by @entity934 , @entity3044 or @entity855 , nor blocked by @entity3897 , @entity5521 , @entity5333 , @entity1169 , @entity4033 or @entity10105 .

title: The XXXX anococcygeus muscle and its response to nerve stimulation and to some drugs.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine', 'Guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity72761 :: ('MESH:C028530', 'Chemical') :: ['furmethide']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprenaline', 'isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity10105 :: ('MESH:D008238', 'Chemical') :: ['lysergic acid diethylamide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The main regulating systems of thyroid growth are the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and the @entity268 signaling pathway. @entity3557 frequently involves mutations in @entity817 or @entity8958 /PTC without overlap, which are expected to constitutively activate MAPK signaling. On the other hand, it has been reported that @entity268 signaling acts in an inhibitory manner on the proliferation of @entity1377 cell lines, although the @entity268 pathway physiologically promotes the proliferation of normal follicular cells as well as hormonogenesis. The effect of @entity268 on proliferation is attributed to crosstalk with MAPK signaling. However, this phenomenon has not been clearly established in @entity1377 with @entity817 or @entity8958 /PTC mutations. In order to elucidate whether activated @entity268 signaling inhibits cell proliferation and affects MAPK signaling in @entity1377 , we performed in vitro experiments using two representative cell lines, K1 and @entity15293 , which have a @entity817 and an @entity8958 /PTC mutation, respectively. Elevated @entity268 caused by an adenylate cyclase activator suppressed the proliferation of both K1 and @entity15293 cells. Examining the crosstalk between @entity268 and MAPK signaling, K1 and @entity15293 cells showed opposite responses to @entity268 activation. These responses were blocked by an inhibitor of the @entity268 -dependent protein kinase (PKA). In K1 cells, @entity817 might predominate over @entity10242 , and the elevated @entity268 is thought to promote MAPK phosphorylation through the PKA-mediated activation of @entity9704 . On the other hand, in @entity15293 cells @entity10242 might predominate and could be inhibited by activated @entity9704 , resulting in the suppression of MAPK phosphorylation. In conclusion, the proliferation of both @entity1377 cell types was significantly suppressed by @entity268 signaling, regardless of whether MAPK signaling was activated or inactivated by the PKA-mediated @entity268 signaling pathway. There could, however, be other mechanisms by which @entity268 signaling inhibits the growth of @entity1377 cells.

title: Cyclic AMP-mediated growth suppression and MAPK phosphorylation in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid papillary carcinoma']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['thyroid papillary carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess the relationship between treatment efficacy and adverse events (AEs) for @entity1 with @entity1358 treated with first-line @entity2240 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 274 @entity1 were treated with @entity2240 (50 mg/d, 4-weeks-on and 2-weeks-off schedule). Physical and laboratory evaluations were done every sixth week. AEs were diagnosed at every visit. Clinical response was assessed every 3 months. The objective response rate (ORR), median progression-free (mPFS) and median overall survival ( @entity17222 ) and AEs were evaluated. Besides   (2) and log rank tests, multivariate Cox regression analysis and for synergism 1-sided t tests were used. RESULTS: The ORR was 25%. After a median follow-up of 32 months, the mPFS and @entity17222 were 9 and 19 months, respectively. @entity101 , @entity294 , @entity1375 , @entity33 , @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ), @entity137 , and @entity1431 were the most frequent treatment-associated AEs. Significantly longer (P  < .01) mPFS and @entity17222 were observed when @entity101 , @entity294 , @entity8566 , @entity1375 , @entity137 , or @entity1431 occurred. A statistically significant synergistic effect of the listed AEs was observed for progression-free survival (P  < .001) and overall survival (P  < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that besides the prognostic category, the higher number of AEs (3-6 vs. 0-2) was an independent marker of longer mPFS (24 vs. 5 months, respectively; P  < .001) and @entity17222 (51 vs. 9 months, respectively; P  < .001). CONCLUSION: Results of this study provide evidence for the synergistically enhanced efficacy of @entity2240 treatment in @entity1 who present multiple AEs. These AEs are diagnosed routinely and their coexistence can help physicians to predict which group of @entity1 would benefit the most from first-line @entity2240 treatment.

title: Synergistic Survival: A New Phenomenon Connected to Adverse Events of First-Line @entity2240 Treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['advanced renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome', 'HFS']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess the relationship between treatment efficacy and adverse events (AEs) for @entity1 with @entity1358 treated with first-line @entity2240 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 274 @entity1 were treated with @entity2240 (50 mg/d, 4-weeks-on and 2-weeks-off schedule). Physical and laboratory evaluations were done every sixth week. AEs were diagnosed at every visit. Clinical response was assessed every 3 months. The objective response rate (ORR), median progression-free (mPFS) and median overall survival ( @entity17222 ) and AEs were evaluated. Besides   (2) and log rank tests, multivariate Cox regression analysis and for synergism 1-sided t tests were used. RESULTS: The ORR was 25%. After a median follow-up of 32 months, the mPFS and @entity17222 were 9 and 19 months, respectively. @entity101 , @entity294 , @entity1375 , @entity33 , @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ), @entity137 , and @entity1431 were the most frequent treatment-associated AEs. Significantly longer (P  < .01) mPFS and @entity17222 were observed when @entity101 , @entity294 , @entity8566 , @entity1375 , @entity137 , or @entity1431 occurred. A statistically significant synergistic effect of the listed AEs was observed for progression-free survival (P  < .001) and overall survival (P  < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that besides the prognostic category, the higher number of AEs (3-6 vs. 0-2) was an independent marker of longer mPFS (24 vs. 5 months, respectively; P  < .001) and @entity17222 (51 vs. 9 months, respectively; P  < .001). CONCLUSION: Results of this study provide evidence for the synergistically enhanced efficacy of @entity2240 treatment in @entity1 who present multiple AEs. These AEs are diagnosed routinely and their coexistence can help physicians to predict which group of @entity1 would benefit the most from first-line @entity2240 treatment.

title: Synergistic Survival: A New Phenomenon Connected to Adverse Events of First-Line XXXX Treatment in @entity1358 .

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['Sunitinib']


abstract: Postprandial @entity1944 is a locally mediated vascular response to the presence of nutrients in the lumen. In this review we discuss the role of various constituents of chyme in the development of the @entity450 and possible mechanisms of action. The luminal contents that produce the @entity450 are digested products of food; undigested food or pancreatic enzymes have no effect. Micellar @entity1718 are the most potent vasodilators, whereas @entity1522 at physiological concentrations have little effect on intestinal blood flow. However, by-products of protein digestion are as potent as those of @entity3363 in increasing the blood flow. Bile increases ileal but does not alter jejunal blood flow. In addition, bile enhances the @entity413 -induced @entity450 and renders fatty and @entity1522 vasoactive. The mechanisms by which bile exerts its effect on the vasoactivity of these nutrients are poorly understood. The intestinal hyperemic response to the presence of nutrients in the lumen is mediated by a variety of regulatory pathways that vary with the nutrient. Factors involved include tissue metabolic rate, metabolites, nutrient absorption, tissue osmolality, tissue @entity26 tension, intestinal peptides such as @entity10056 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and paracrine substances such as @entity2918 and @entity112 . It is likely that the @entity450 results from the complex interplay of all these factors on the intestinal vascular smooth muscle. Extrinsic and intrinsic nerves play a minor role in nutrient-induced @entity450 .

title: Possible mechanisms for the initiation and maintenance of postprandial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal hyperemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Essential @entity400 (ET) @entity1 seem to have impaired gait and balance, yet surprisingly few studies have utilized quantitative analysis to study these impairments. With one exception, these prior studies examined gait on a treadmill, which does not approximate functional environmental conditions (level ground). Moreover, these studies tested middle-aged subjects so it remains unclear whether ET @entity1 maintain a pattern of deficits that is in excess of that seen in controls, even into advanced ages. METHODS: 104 ET subjects (86.0  4.6, range=75-97 years) and 40 similarly aged controls (84.1  4.2, range=74-94 years) underwent gait testing using the GAITRite mat under standard walk and tandem walk conditions on level ground. RESULTS: In standard walk, ET @entity1 demonstrated deficits related to gait speed (lower velocity and cadence, p=0.0001), dynamic imbalance (increased double support percent, p=0.01), and gait asymmetry (increased step time difference, p=0.003). During tandem walk, ET @entity1 had lower velocity (p=0.002) and cadence (p=0.003), and more mis-steps (p<0.008) compared with controls. For all variables, ET @entity1 performed more poorly than controls even into advanced ages, as demonstrated in linear regression models. CONCLUSIONS: ET @entity1 demonstrated decrement in gait speed, dynamic balance and gait symmetry during standard walk and clear balance impairment during tandem walk. This constellation of impairments is consistent with a @entity76 . ET @entity1 maintained this pattern of deficits, in excess of that seen in controls, into advanced age, reinforcing the importance of @entity73 in this disorder.

title: Quantitative gait analysis in essential XXXX reveals impairments that are maintained into advanced age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['gait and balance impairment']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar deficit']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: Serious @entity2743 must be treated quickly and efficiently. Plasma exchange (PE) takes place when ordinary treatment is not suitable in emergency cases. Several methods of plasma clearing have already been practiced successfully. PE is the best one. It quickly removes a great amount of thyroid hormones and occasionally pathological immunoglobulins. Risks have not to be underestimated. The most serious accidents are particularly linked with the substitution fluids. Hemoperfusion, peritoneal dialysis, transfusion exchanges can be used too. @entity2743 crisis, as far as life prognosis is concerned, is an appropriate indication of PE, either as a first line treatment or after the classical treatment has failed. Serious @entity1378 due to @entity1496 overload is not improved with common treatment. In this case PE might be worthwhile. In @entity5 , unimproved with an usual treatment PE can be successfully used, every time ocular prognosis is concerned.

title: [Plasma exchange and XXXX . Current indications].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant exophthalmia']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis', 'Thyrotoxicosis']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1416 ( @entity1416 ), proximal or distal, is becoming the standard of care for traumatic @entity130 . Theoretically the immunological function of the spleen may be preserved, but this has not yet been proven. A parameter for measuring the remaining splenic function must therefore be determined in order to decide whether or not vaccinations and/or antibiotic prophylaxis are necessary to prevent an overwhelming @entity281 (OPSI). METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed July 2015 by searching the Embase and Medline databases. Articles were eligible if they described at least two @entity130 @entity1 and the subject was splenic function. Description of procedure and/or success rate of @entity1416 was not necessary for inclusion. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility and the quality of the articles and performed the data extraction. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included, eleven with adult @entity1 and one focusing on @entity1 . All studies used different parameters to assess splenic function. None of them reported a @entity281 . Eleven studies found a preserved splenic function after @entity1416 , in both adults and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: All but one studies on the long term effects of @entity1416 indicate a preserved splenic function. However, there is still no single parameter or test available which can demonstrate that unequivocally.

title: Splenic function after angioembolization for XXXX in @entity1 and adults: A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['post-splenectomy infection', 'OPSI after splenic embolization']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['Splenic artery embolization', 'SAE']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1416 ( @entity1416 ), proximal or distal, is becoming the standard of care for traumatic @entity130 . Theoretically the immunological function of the spleen may be preserved, but this has not yet been proven. A parameter for measuring the remaining splenic function must therefore be determined in order to decide whether or not vaccinations and/or antibiotic prophylaxis are necessary to prevent an overwhelming @entity281 (OPSI). METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed July 2015 by searching the Embase and Medline databases. Articles were eligible if they described at least two @entity130 @entity1 and the subject was splenic function. Description of procedure and/or success rate of @entity1416 was not necessary for inclusion. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility and the quality of the articles and performed the data extraction. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included, eleven with adult @entity1 and one focusing on @entity1 . All studies used different parameters to assess splenic function. None of them reported a @entity281 . Eleven studies found a preserved splenic function after @entity1416 , in both adults and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: All but one studies on the long term effects of @entity1416 indicate a preserved splenic function. However, there is still no single parameter or test available which can demonstrate that unequivocally.

title: Splenic function after angioembolization for @entity130 in XXXX and adults: A systematic review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have examined haemodynamic changes with stressors such as isometric handgrip and rapid atrial pacing in @entity712 with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but little is known regarding left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume responses during dynamic exercise. OBJECTIVE: To assess LV haemodynamic responses to dynamic exercise in @entity1 with HFpEF. METHODS: Twenty subjects with normal ejection fraction (EF) and exertional dyspnoea underwent invasive haemodynamic assessment during dynamic exercise to evaluate suspected HFpEF. RESULTS: LV end-diastolic pressure was elevated at rest (>15 mm Hg, n=18) and with exercise (>= 20 mm Hg, n=20) in all subjects, consistent with HFpEF. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure, arterial elastance and cardiac output increased with exercise (all p<0.001). Minimal and mean LV diastolic pressures increased by 43-56% with exercise (both p<0.0001), despite a trend towards a reduction in LV end-diastolic volume (p=0.08). Diastolic filling time was abbreviated with increases in HR and the proportion of diastole that elapsed prior to estimated complete relaxation increased (p<0.0001), suggesting inadequate relaxation reserve relative to the shortening of diastole. LV diastolic chamber elastance acutely increased 50% during exercise (p=0.0003). Exercise increases in LV filling pressures correlated with changes in diastolic relaxation rates, chamber stiffness and arterial afterload but were not related to alterations in preload volume, HR or cardiac output. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with newly diagnosed HFpEF, LV filling pressures increase during dynamic exercise in association with inadequate enhancement of relaxation and acute increases in LV chamber stiffness. Therapies that enhance diastolic reserve function may improve symptoms of exertional intolerance in @entity1 with @entity101 and early HFpEF.

title: Diastolic relaxation and compliance reserve during dynamic exercise in XXXX with preserved ejection fraction.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Hematopoietic stem cells of W/Wv @entity19 failed to produce macroscopically visible hematopoietic spleen colonies in irradiated recipient @entity19 . Infection of W/Wv @entity19 of the @entity18903 -susceptible genotype Fv-2ss (DBA/2) or Fv-2rs (BD2F1) with @entity1778 virus (RLV) restored the spleen colony-forming capacity of the stem cells. The resulting spleen colonies had normal size and cellularity; the frequency of and ratio between granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid progenitor cells were also normal, without excessive production of erythroid cells. The frequency of spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) appeared to be strongly reduced in W/Wv @entity19 . The seeding fraction of RLV-infected W/Wv stem cells in the recipient spleens did not differ from that of uninfected or RLV-infected +/+ stem cells. At equivalent numbers of CFU-S, spleen suspensions of RLV-infected W/Wv @entity19 were equally effective as +/+ control suspensions in protecting irradiated @entity19 from death due to @entity2131 . Thus the number of CFU-S observed appeared to be predictive for the number of W/Wv cells required for effective radioprotection. In irradiated W/Wv @entity19 that received transplants of RLV-infected W/Wv cells, circulating erythrocyte numbers approached those of control @entity19 ; the erythrocytes were of normal size, in contrast to the macrocytic red cells of untreated W/Wv @entity19 . The reduced frequency of CFU-S in RLV-infected W/Wv @entity19 can be readily explained by a reduced self-replicating capacity, attributable to the W/Wv genes, which was not reconstituted by infection with RLV. The data indicate a direct involvement of pluripotent stem cells upon infection with RLV.

title: Reconstitution of the W/Wv stem cell differentiation defect by XXXX virus.

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Rauscher leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

entities_list: @entity18903 :: ('11819', 'Species') :: ['spleen focus-forming virus']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['infection with Rauscher leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between duration of mechanical ventilation before the initiation of extracorporeal life support and the survival rate in @entity1 with @entity1576 . Extracorporeal life support has been used as a rescue therapy for >30 yrs in @entity1 with severe @entity1576 . Previous studies suggest @entity1 who received >7-10 days of mechanical ventilation were not acceptable extracorporeal life support candidates as a result of irreversible lung damage. DESIGN: A retrospective review encompassing the past 10 yrs of the International Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry (January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2008). SETTING: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry database. @entity1 : A total of 1325 @entity1 (>=  30 days and  <= 18 yrs) met inclusion criteria. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The following pre-extracorporeal life support variables were identified as independently and significantly related to the chance of survival: 1) >14 days of ventilation vs. 0-7 days was adverse (odds ratio, 0.32; p < .001); 2) the presence of a @entity1167 was adverse (odds ratio, 0.56; p = .001); 3) pH per 0.1-unit increase was protective (odds ratio, 1.15; p < .001); 4) oxygenation index, per 10-unit increase was adverse (odds ratio, 0.95; p = .002); and 5) any diagnosis other than sepsis was related to a more favorable outcome. @entity1 requiring >7-10 or >10-14 days of pre-extracorporeal life support ventilation did not have a statistically significant decrease in survival as compared with @entity1 who received 0-7 days. CONCLUSIONS: There was a clear relationship between the number of mechanical ventilation days before the initiation of extracorporeal life support and survival. However; there was no statistically significant decrease in survival until >14 days of pre-extracorporeal life support ventilation was reached regardless of underlying diagnosis. We found no evidence to suggest that prolonged mechanical ventilation should be considered as a contraindication to extracorporeal life support in @entity1 with @entity1576 before 14 days.

title: The impact of mechanical ventilation time before initiation of extracorporeal life support on survival in pediatric XXXX : a review of the Extracorporeal Life Support Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: Stereotaxic lateral approach for @entity76 is presented using Leksell's CT-stereotaxic system. All of the procedures are performed in the CT room. @entity1 's head is turned to contralateral side of the @entity1410 30 to 40 degrees with slight flexion of the neck. Stereotaxic apparatus is secured to the head under local anesthesia. @entity1410 is confirmed by computerized tomograms. Three dimensional coordinates of the target point (center of the @entity1410 ) are measured from the vertical and diagonal rods of Leksell's system. Linear skin incision 4 cm in length is made on retromastoid area. Burr-hole is put on just lateral position of the target point, usually 5 to 6 cm posterior and 1 cm above from the external auditory meatus. Transverse or sigmoid sinus does not appeared through the burr-hole by this approach. Specially made Dandy's cannula (3.0 mm in diameter, 220 mm in length) is inserted into the target point, and manual evacuation of the @entity1410 is performed carefully using a syringe. Then Dandy's cannula is replaced by silastic drainage tube (3.5 mm in diameter), and 6,000 Units of Urokinase solved in 2 ml of saline is administered to the @entity1410 cavity. Dissolved @entity1410 is aspirated every 24 hours until the most of the @entity1410 is evacuated. We operated three cases of @entity76 by this method with favorable results. Advantages of this method are as follows: Operative invasion is minimal; The surgeon can check the residual @entity1410 and position of the tip of cannula even at operation, if necessary.

title: [CT-guided stereotaxic evacuation of XXXX --lateral approach].

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematoma', 'Hematoma']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar hematoma']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['cerebellar hematoma']


abstract: Water is essential for plant growth and development. @entity11896 leads to loss of yield and decreased crop quality. To understand water transport mechanisms in plants, we cloned and characterized a novel tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) gene from @entity1460 with the highest similarity to TIP2-type from other plants, and thus designated GmTIP2;3. The protein sequence contains two conserved NPA motifs and six transmembrane domains. The expression analysis indicated that this gene was constitutively expressed in all detected tissues, with higher levels in the root, stem and pod, and the accumulation of GmTIP2;3 transcript showed a significant response to osmotic stresses, including 20% @entity968 ( @entity968 ) and 100  M @entity2272 ( @entity2271 ) treatments. The promoter-GUS (glucuronidase) activity analysis suggested that GmTIP2;3 was also expressed in the root, stem, and leaf, and preferentially expressed in the stele of root and stem, and the core promoter region was 1000 bp in length, located upstream of the ATG start codon. The GUS tissue and induced expression observations were consistent with the findings in @entity1460 . In addition, subcellular localization showed that GmTIP2;3 was a plasma membrane-localized protein. @entity375 heterologous expression revealed that GmTIP2;3 could improve tolerance to osmotic stress in @entity375 cells. Integrating these results, GmTIP2;3 might play an important role in response to osmotic stress in plants.

title: A Novel XXXX Intrinsic Protein Gene, GmTIP2;3, Involved in Responding to Osmotic Stress.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity11896 :: ('MESH:D014869', 'Disease') :: ['Water deficiency']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['PEG6000', 'polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['Soybean']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate if autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could treat @entity2530 of the femoral head (ONFH) and what the fate and distribution of the cells are in @entity235 . Twelve @entity235 were randomly divided into two groups: MSCs group and SHAM operated group. After three weeks, @entity235 in MSCs group and SHAM operated group were intra-arterially injected with autologous MSCs and 0.9% normal saline, respectively. Eight weeks after treatment, the @entity39 volume of the femoral heads was significantly reduced in MSCs group. Moreover, the trabecular bone volume was increased and the empty lacunae rate was decreased in MSCs group. In addition, the @entity1603 -positive MSCs were unevenly distributed in femoral heads and various vital organs. But no obvious abnormalities were observed. Furthermore, most of @entity1603 -positive MSCs in @entity39 region expressed osteocalcin in MSCs group and a few expressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y (PPAR-y). Taken together, these data indicated that intra-arterially infused MSCs could migrate into the @entity39 field of femoral heads and differentiate into osteoblasts, thus improving the necrosis of femoral heads. It suggests that intra-arterial infusion of autologous MSCs might be a feasible and relatively safe method for the treatment of femoral @entity39 .

title: The Fate and Distribution of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Intra-Arterial Infusion in XXXX of the Femoral Head in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['Beagle dogs', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'head necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['Osteonecrosis']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate if autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could treat @entity2530 of the femoral head (ONFH) and what the fate and distribution of the cells are in @entity235 . Twelve @entity235 were randomly divided into two groups: MSCs group and SHAM operated group. After three weeks, @entity235 in MSCs group and SHAM operated group were intra-arterially injected with autologous MSCs and 0.9% normal saline, respectively. Eight weeks after treatment, the @entity39 volume of the femoral heads was significantly reduced in MSCs group. Moreover, the trabecular bone volume was increased and the empty lacunae rate was decreased in MSCs group. In addition, the @entity1603 -positive MSCs were unevenly distributed in femoral heads and various vital organs. But no obvious abnormalities were observed. Furthermore, most of @entity1603 -positive MSCs in @entity39 region expressed osteocalcin in MSCs group and a few expressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y (PPAR-y). Taken together, these data indicated that intra-arterially infused MSCs could migrate into the @entity39 field of femoral heads and differentiate into osteoblasts, thus improving the necrosis of femoral heads. It suggests that intra-arterial infusion of autologous MSCs might be a feasible and relatively safe method for the treatment of femoral @entity39 .

title: The Fate and Distribution of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Intra-Arterial Infusion in @entity2530 of the Femoral Head in XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Dogs']


abstract: @entity490 , but prolonged @entity221 may be the only symptom. Infectious abdominal @entity449 initially presenting with @entity693 are extremely rare; there are no reports of their successful treatment. Cases with @entity328 as the causative bacteria are even rarer with a higher mortality rate than those caused by other bacteria. We present the case of a 65-year-old @entity1 with lower limb @entity425 and @entity615 . Examination revealed @entity221 . Cerebrospinal fluid showed leukocytosis and low @entity413 levels. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity693 and @entity2259 caused by @entity328 and treated with antibiotics. @entity221 , inflammatory response, and neurologic findings showed improvement. However, abdominal computed tomography revealed an @entity439 not present on admission. Antibiotics were continued, and a @entity1215 soaked artificial vascular graft was implanted. Tissue cultures showed no bacteria, and histological findings indicated @entity32 with high leukocyte levels. There were no postoperative complications or @entity16 . Physical examination, blood tests, and computed tomography confirmed there was no relapse over the following 13 months. This is the first reported case of survival of a @entity1 with an @entity1028 initially presenting with @entity693 caused by @entity328 .

title: A Case Report on the Successful Treatment of @entity328 -Induced XXXX Initially Presenting with @entity693 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Fever', 'fever and neck stiffness', 'fever']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['infectious abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious abdominal aortic aneurysms often present with abdominal and lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Infectious Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: @entity490 , but prolonged @entity221 may be the only symptom. Infectious abdominal @entity449 initially presenting with @entity693 are extremely rare; there are no reports of their successful treatment. Cases with @entity328 as the causative bacteria are even rarer with a higher mortality rate than those caused by other bacteria. We present the case of a 65-year-old @entity1 with lower limb @entity425 and @entity615 . Examination revealed @entity221 . Cerebrospinal fluid showed leukocytosis and low @entity413 levels. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity693 and @entity2259 caused by @entity328 and treated with antibiotics. @entity221 , inflammatory response, and neurologic findings showed improvement. However, abdominal computed tomography revealed an @entity439 not present on admission. Antibiotics were continued, and a @entity1215 soaked artificial vascular graft was implanted. Tissue cultures showed no bacteria, and histological findings indicated @entity32 with high leukocyte levels. There were no postoperative complications or @entity16 . Physical examination, blood tests, and computed tomography confirmed there was no relapse over the following 13 months. This is the first reported case of survival of a @entity1 with an @entity1028 initially presenting with @entity693 caused by @entity328 .

title: A Case Report on the Successful Treatment of XXXX -Induced @entity1028 Initially Presenting with @entity693 .

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: @entity490 , but prolonged @entity221 may be the only symptom. Infectious abdominal @entity449 initially presenting with @entity693 are extremely rare; there are no reports of their successful treatment. Cases with @entity328 as the causative bacteria are even rarer with a higher mortality rate than those caused by other bacteria. We present the case of a 65-year-old @entity1 with lower limb @entity425 and @entity615 . Examination revealed @entity221 . Cerebrospinal fluid showed leukocytosis and low @entity413 levels. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity693 and @entity2259 caused by @entity328 and treated with antibiotics. @entity221 , inflammatory response, and neurologic findings showed improvement. However, abdominal computed tomography revealed an @entity439 not present on admission. Antibiotics were continued, and a @entity1215 soaked artificial vascular graft was implanted. Tissue cultures showed no bacteria, and histological findings indicated @entity32 with high leukocyte levels. There were no postoperative complications or @entity16 . Physical examination, blood tests, and computed tomography confirmed there was no relapse over the following 13 months. This is the first reported case of survival of a @entity1 with an @entity1028 initially presenting with @entity693 caused by @entity328 .

title: A Case Report on the Successful Treatment of @entity328 -Induced @entity1028 Initially Presenting with XXXX .

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['Meningitis']