abstract: Chiral gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) exhibit attracting properties owing to their unique physical and chemical properties. Herein we report for the first time chiral gold nanoclusters' @entity137 and potential molecular mechanism. The L-glutathione (i.e. L-GSH) and D-glutathione (i.e. D-GSH)-capped Au NCs were prepared and characterized by HRTEM, UV-vis, photoluminescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Results showed that the CD spectra of L-glutathione (i.e. L-GSH) and D-glutathione (i.e. D-GSH)-capped Au NCs exhibited multiple bands which were identically mirror-imaged, demonstrating that the chirality of @entity2197 -capped NCs had contributions from both the metal core and the ligand. The effects of AuNCs@L- @entity2197 and AuNCs@D-GSH on cells were similar based on the cell physiology related @entity137 , although the effects became more prominent in AuNCs@D-GSH treated cells, including ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Global gene expression and pathway analysis displayed that both AuNCs@L- @entity2197 and AuNCs@D- @entity2197 caused the up-regulation of genes involved in cellular rescue and stress response, while AuNCs@D- @entity2197 individually induced up-regulation of transcripts involved in some metabolic- and biosynthetic-related response. MGC-803 cells were more sensitive to the oxidative stress damage induced by chiral Au NCs than GES-1 cells, which was associated with @entity4191 hypermethylation. In conclusion, chiral gold nanoclusters exhibit this chirality-associated regulation of @entity137 , different gene expression profiling and epigenetic changes should be responsible for observed phenomena. Our study highlights the importance of the interplays between chiral materials and biological system at sub-nano level.

title: Insights into the Distinguishing Stress-induced @entity137 of Chiral Gold Nanoclusters and the Relationship with XXXX .

answer: @entity4191 :: (2950,Gene) :: ['GSTP1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined the influence of @entity4346 on the accuracy of exercise electrocardiography and echocardiography for detection of @entity453 . BACKGROUND: Electrocardiographic repolarization abnormalities caused by @entity4346 compromise the diagnostic accuracy of exercise electrocardiography but not of exercise echocardiography. The relative merits of these investigations are less well defined in @entity1 with @entity1184 but without electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 147 consecutive @entity1 without prior @entity583 undergoing both exercise echocardiography and coronary arteriography. Coronary stenoses > 50% diameter were present in 62 @entity1 (42%). Positive test results were defined by a new or worsening wall motion abnormality or > 0.1 mV of ST @entity308 . @entity4346 (mass > 131 g/m2 in @entity1 , > 100 g/m2 in @entity1 ) was identified in 68 @entity1 . A subgroup with clinically suspected @entity1184 was defined according to the presence of ECG evidence of @entity1184 , @entity101 or @entity472 . RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of exercise echocardiography exceeded that of exercise electrocardiography (71% vs. 54%, p = 0.06). @entity1184 had no significant effect on the sensitivity of either test. The specificity of exercise echocardiography exceeded that of exercise electrocardiography (91 vs. 74%, p = 0.01). In @entity1 with @entity1184 , the specificity of exercise echocardiography exceeded that of exercise electrocardiography (95% vs. 69%, p < 0.01), whereas among @entity1 without @entity1184 , the specificities (respectively, 87% and 78%) were more comparable. The accuracy of exercise echocardiography exceeded that of the exercise ECG in the overall group (82% vs. 65%, p = 0.002) and in @entity1 with @entity1184 (85% vs. 60%, p = 0.004), but this difference was less prominent in @entity1 without @entity1184 (80% vs. 69%, p = NS). In @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity1184 , exercise echocardiography demonstrated a higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy than exercise electrocardiography. The cost incurred in the identification of @entity301 was least with a strategy involving use of the exercise echocardiogram instead of routine exercise testing in @entity1 with known or clinically suspected @entity4346 . CONCLUSIONS: Exercise echocardiography is more accurate than exercise electrocardiography for the detection of @entity453 in @entity1 with known or clinically suspected @entity4346 .

title: Influence of XXXX on detection of @entity453 using exercise echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'Echocardiographic hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined the influence of @entity4346 on the accuracy of exercise electrocardiography and echocardiography for detection of @entity453 . BACKGROUND: Electrocardiographic repolarization abnormalities caused by @entity4346 compromise the diagnostic accuracy of exercise electrocardiography but not of exercise echocardiography. The relative merits of these investigations are less well defined in @entity1 with @entity1184 but without electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 147 consecutive @entity1 without prior @entity583 undergoing both exercise echocardiography and coronary arteriography. Coronary stenoses > 50% diameter were present in 62 @entity1 (42%). Positive test results were defined by a new or worsening wall motion abnormality or > 0.1 mV of ST @entity308 . @entity4346 (mass > 131 g/m2 in @entity1 , > 100 g/m2 in @entity1 ) was identified in 68 @entity1 . A subgroup with clinically suspected @entity1184 was defined according to the presence of ECG evidence of @entity1184 , @entity101 or @entity472 . RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of exercise echocardiography exceeded that of exercise electrocardiography (71% vs. 54%, p = 0.06). @entity1184 had no significant effect on the sensitivity of either test. The specificity of exercise echocardiography exceeded that of exercise electrocardiography (91 vs. 74%, p = 0.01). In @entity1 with @entity1184 , the specificity of exercise echocardiography exceeded that of exercise electrocardiography (95% vs. 69%, p < 0.01), whereas among @entity1 without @entity1184 , the specificities (respectively, 87% and 78%) were more comparable. The accuracy of exercise echocardiography exceeded that of the exercise ECG in the overall group (82% vs. 65%, p = 0.002) and in @entity1 with @entity1184 (85% vs. 60%, p = 0.004), but this difference was less prominent in @entity1 without @entity1184 (80% vs. 69%, p = NS). In @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity1184 , exercise echocardiography demonstrated a higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy than exercise electrocardiography. The cost incurred in the identification of @entity301 was least with a strategy involving use of the exercise echocardiogram instead of routine exercise testing in @entity1 with known or clinically suspected @entity4346 . CONCLUSIONS: Exercise echocardiography is more accurate than exercise electrocardiography for the detection of @entity453 in @entity1 with known or clinically suspected @entity4346 .

title: Influence of @entity4346 on detection of XXXX using exercise echocardiography.

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the effects of reperfusion on hemodynamic status and hospital course in @entity1 with right @entity1188 . BACKGROUND: In contrast to the relatively low risk associated with acute @entity583 , right @entity1188 is associated with higher in-hospital morbidity and mortality. However, the potential benefits of reperfusion in @entity1 with right @entity1188 are unknown. Consequently, this study evaluated the potential benefits of primary angioplasty in @entity1 with right @entity1188 . METHODS: Of 141 consecutive @entity1 admitted to the hospital for @entity583 , 27 were identified as having right ventricular involvement by electrocardiographic and hemodynamic criteria. Seventeen @entity1 achieved patency of the @entity1188 -related right coronary artery by primary coronary angioplasty within 24 h of hospital admission, but 10 @entity1 did not. All @entity1 had invasive hemodynamic monitoring at the time of hospital admission, and subsequent serial hemodynamic status and clinical events were recorded. RESULTS: @entity1 with successful reperfusion demonstrated improved right atrial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and right atrial/pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ratio as early as 8 h after reperfusion, whereas @entity1 without reperfusion had no hemodynamic improvement over 24 h. Right atrial pressure demonstrated the greatest 8-h improvement after successful reperfusion (15.4 +/- 0.8 to 8.4 +/- 0.8 mm Hg [mean +/- SD], p < 0.05) but was unchanged without reperfusion (13.7 +/- 0.9 to 13.9 +/- 0.8 mm Hg, p = NS). Additionally, persistently elevated right atrial pressure was associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Reperfusion in the setting of right @entity1188 leads to rapid hemodynamic improvement and may result in improved survival.

title: Rapid hemodynamic improvement after reperfusion during right XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['inferior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular infarction', 'infarct']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['ventricular infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We studied the clinical outcome of Q wave and non-Q wave @entity1188 after thrombolytic therapy. BACKGROUND: Controversy exists over the clinical significance of Q waves after thrombolysis. METHODS: We studied postthrombolytic angiographic results and short- and long-term clinical outcome in 150 @entity1 with acute @entity583 classified as Q wave and non-Q wave on the 24-h and discharge electrocardiograms (ECGs). The results from the two groups were then compared. RESULTS: Eighty percent of @entity1 had a Q wave and 20% a non-Q wave @entity1188 on the 24-h ECG. The latter @entity1 had lower peak @entity908 kinase (CK) levels (p < 0.001), but the two groups did not differ significantly otherwise. In 18 @entity1 with a Q wave @entity1188 on the 24-h ECG, pathologic Q waves disappeared. However, in seven @entity1 with a non-Q wave @entity1188 on the 24-h ECG, pathologic Q waves appeared throughout the hospital period. Q wave regression was associated with lower peak CK levels (p < 0.001) and an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.01). Thus, only 72% of @entity1 had a Q wave and 28% a non-Q wave @entity1188 on the discharge ECG. @entity1 with a non-Q wave @entity1188 on the discharge ECG had higher patency of the @entity1188 (p < 0.04), lower mean peak CK levels (p < 0.0001), a higher ejection fraction (p = 0.001) and a lower incidence of @entity712 (p = 0.06) than @entity1 with a Q wave @entity1188 on the discharge ECG. Although the 2-year incidence of reinfarction and revascularization was higher in @entity1 with a non-Q wave @entity1188 on the discharge ECG (p < 0.05), 2-year mortality was lower (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Although the early postthrombolytic distinction between Q wave and non-Q wave @entity1188 conveys no significant information, during the hospital period, non-Q wave @entity1188 is associated with a smaller @entity1188 area, improved left ventricular function and lower mortality.

title: Q wave and Non-Q wave XXXX after thrombolysis.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarct', 'infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Late diagnosis of @entity2 can impact on survival rates. @entity1 delay seeking help for a number of reasons. This study explored symptom appraisal and help-seeking decisions among @entity1 referred to specialist respiratory services with symptoms suggestive of @entity2 . METHODS: In-depth qualitative interviews with @entity1 as soon as possible after referral, ideally before diagnosis and mainly within 10   weeks, explored factors impacting on their pathways prior to referral. Framework analysis, underpinned by the Model of Pathways to Treatment, was used to explore the data with particular focus on @entity1 ' beliefs and experiences, disease factors and healthcare professional influences. RESULTS: 35 @entity1 were interviewed (aged 41-88   years, 15 @entity1 , 17 with @entity2 ). All described similar presenting symptoms and triggers to seek help. Appraisal of symptoms was influenced by whether they had a lung comorbidity; seriousness of symptoms was interpreted within the context of previous illness experiences. Help-seeking was triggered when: symptoms failed to respond as expected; there was an increased awareness of symptoms of @entity2 ; the public nature of a cough meant others were able to endorse help-seeking. Almost half visited the general practitioner (GP) two or more times before referral; during this period they reinterpreted initial symptoms and appraised new symptoms. The meaning given to symptoms changed over time and many became increasingly concerned they may have @entity2 . The GP played a role in ensuring timely further help-seeking but often there was little guidance on how to monitor symptoms or when to reconsult. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 diagnosed with and without @entity2 had similar symptom pathways. Findings provide guidance for @entity2 awareness campaigns on the importance of social networks in endorsing @entity1 help-seeking. The importance of appropriate advice, monitoring and safety-netting procedures by GPs for @entity1 presenting with symptoms suggestive of @entity2 is also highlighted.

title: Responding to symptoms suggestive of XXXX : a qualitative interview study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The oncologic outcomes after performing @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) compared to @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) are still under debate and a concern when treating @entity1 with @entity694 . The aim of this study was to compare the long-term oncologic outcomes of @entity1104 and @entity1538 as treatment for @entity14 @entity1 . METHODS: From January 2001 to December 2007, 230 @entity1 with @entity14 who had undergone @entity1104 or @entity1538 in this single center were assessed. Data were analyzed according to intention-to-treat. The primary endpoints were disease-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: A total of 230 @entity1 were entered into the study (114 @entity1 had @entity694 -33 underwent @entity1104 and 81 underwent @entity1538 ; 116 @entity1 had @entity5 -44 underwent @entity1104 and 72 underwent @entity1538 ). The median follow-up periods for the @entity694 groups were 54 and 53 months, respectively. The overall conversion rate was 12.1% (n = 4) for @entity694 , and 4.5% (n = 2) for @entity5 . Disease-free 5-year survival of @entity694 was 84.3% and 90% in @entity1104 group (LG) and @entity1538 group (OG), respectively, and that of @entity5 was 83% and 74.6%, respectively (P > 0.05). Overall 5-year survival for @entity694 was 72.2% and 71.3% for LG and OG, respectively, and that for @entity5 was 67.6% and 59.2%, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The long-term analyses for oncologic aspects of our study may confirm the safety of @entity1104 compared to @entity1538 in @entity14 @entity1 .

title: Comparison of long-term oncologic outcomes of @entity14 following laparoscopic versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open surgery', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'laparoscopic surgery']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open surgery']


abstract: PURPOSE: The oncologic outcomes after performing @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) compared to @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) are still under debate and a concern when treating @entity1 with @entity694 . The aim of this study was to compare the long-term oncologic outcomes of @entity1104 and @entity1538 as treatment for @entity14 @entity1 . METHODS: From January 2001 to December 2007, 230 @entity1 with @entity14 who had undergone @entity1104 or @entity1538 in this single center were assessed. Data were analyzed according to intention-to-treat. The primary endpoints were disease-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: A total of 230 @entity1 were entered into the study (114 @entity1 had @entity694 -33 underwent @entity1104 and 81 underwent @entity1538 ; 116 @entity1 had @entity5 -44 underwent @entity1104 and 72 underwent @entity1538 ). The median follow-up periods for the @entity694 groups were 54 and 53 months, respectively. The overall conversion rate was 12.1% (n = 4) for @entity694 , and 4.5% (n = 2) for @entity5 . Disease-free 5-year survival of @entity694 was 84.3% and 90% in @entity1104 group (LG) and @entity1538 group (OG), respectively, and that of @entity5 was 83% and 74.6%, respectively (P > 0.05). Overall 5-year survival for @entity694 was 72.2% and 71.3% for LG and OG, respectively, and that for @entity5 was 67.6% and 59.2%, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The long-term analyses for oncologic aspects of our study may confirm the safety of @entity1104 compared to @entity1538 in @entity14 @entity1 .

title: Comparison of long-term oncologic outcomes of XXXX following laparoscopic versus @entity1538 .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['stage III colorectal cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Kinesio taping   (KT) is a taping technique extensively used in rehabilitation of sports injuries; however, the effect of KT on delayed onset @entity925 is not entirely clear. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of kinesio tape on the @entity121 on @entity925 , flexibility, and sprint performance after squat exercise. DESIGN: Crossover study SETTING: University research laboratory @entity1 : Nineteen female university students (age: 21.0    1.2 years, weight: 53.0    4.6 kg, height: 164    4 cm) participated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pressure-pain threshold for @entity121 was recorded using pressure algometry. @entity121 flexibility was measured as the range of motion of knee flexion with a stainless steel goniometer. Sprint speed measurements were conducted using photocells placed at 0 and 20 m. All @entity1 completed both conditions (KT application and no KT application) following a 1 week wash out period. Measurements were taken at baseline and 48 hours post exercise. For the KT condition, KT was applied immediately before the exercise protocol and remained on the skin for 48 hours. RESULTS: Squat exercise reduced flexibility and @entity158 and sprint time compared to baseline. KT application resulted in similar sprint time and @entity925 as the no KT condition, but maintained flexibility compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that KT application immediately before squat exercise has no effect on @entity925 and short sprint performance but maintains @entity121 at two days of recovery.

title: The Effect of Kinesio Taping   on Muscle Pain, Sprint Performance, and Flexibility in Recovery From Squat Exercise in Young Adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain', 'muscle soreness']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Quadriceps femoris', 'quadriceps femoris', 'muscle flexibility']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) can be aggravated by @entity1729 . We aimed to investigate whether any specific @entity1 rhinovirus (HRV) serotype is more common in the mucosa of @entity102 @entity1 , and to find any defining clinical characteristics, according to the various HRV serotypes. METHODS: A prospective case-control study was conducted to determine HRV serotypes in 111 @entity102 @entity1 and 51 non- @entity102 controls. No @entity1 had a history of upper @entity1729 over a 4-week period. Nasal lavage fluids and turbinate epithelial cells were collected prospectively. When HRV was detected with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), strains were further characterized by sequencing the VP4/VP2 region of the HRV genome. RESULTS: HRV was detected in 40 @entity102 subjects (36%) and 11 non- @entity102 controls (21%). The overall detection rates of HRV in @entity102 @entity1 were higher than in non- @entity102 controls (p < 0.05). Of the 8 serotypes detected in @entity102 @entity1 , 5 belonged to HRV-A and 3 belonged to HRV-B; HRV-C was not detected. In non- @entity102 controls, only HRV-A was identified, with only 2 serotypes detected (HRV-A13 and HRV-A16). HRV-B and C were not detected. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of HRV in @entity102 @entity1 was confirmed in our study. However, we were unable to determine whether certain HRV serotypes are more predominant in @entity102 @entity1 than non- @entity102 controls. HRV-A13 was the most common serotype in both @entity102 @entity1 and non- @entity102 controls. We could not find any differences in the clinical characteristics according to the HRV serotypes in @entity102 @entity1 .

title: XXXX rhinovirus serotypes in the nasal washes and mucosa of @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['viral upper respiratory infections', 'respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Chronic rhinosinusitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) can be aggravated by @entity1729 . We aimed to investigate whether any specific @entity1 rhinovirus (HRV) serotype is more common in the mucosa of @entity102 @entity1 , and to find any defining clinical characteristics, according to the various HRV serotypes. METHODS: A prospective case-control study was conducted to determine HRV serotypes in 111 @entity102 @entity1 and 51 non- @entity102 controls. No @entity1 had a history of upper @entity1729 over a 4-week period. Nasal lavage fluids and turbinate epithelial cells were collected prospectively. When HRV was detected with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), strains were further characterized by sequencing the VP4/VP2 region of the HRV genome. RESULTS: HRV was detected in 40 @entity102 subjects (36%) and 11 non- @entity102 controls (21%). The overall detection rates of HRV in @entity102 @entity1 were higher than in non- @entity102 controls (p < 0.05). Of the 8 serotypes detected in @entity102 @entity1 , 5 belonged to HRV-A and 3 belonged to HRV-B; HRV-C was not detected. In non- @entity102 controls, only HRV-A was identified, with only 2 serotypes detected (HRV-A13 and HRV-A16). HRV-B and C were not detected. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of HRV in @entity102 @entity1 was confirmed in our study. However, we were unable to determine whether certain HRV serotypes are more predominant in @entity102 @entity1 than non- @entity102 controls. HRV-A13 was the most common serotype in both @entity102 @entity1 and non- @entity102 controls. We could not find any differences in the clinical characteristics according to the HRV serotypes in @entity102 @entity1 .

title: @entity1 rhinovirus serotypes in the nasal washes and mucosa of XXXX with chronic rhinosinusitis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a well-established technique for the preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules because it is minimally invasive, cost-effective, quick, efficient, and safe. Various articles have discussed differences in the cytomorphology of different types of @entity259 . However, review articles on the cytologic diagnosis of poorly differentiated @entity259 (PDTC) are scarce as PDTC are rare @entity5 . Although the histologic diagnostic criteria are well standardized, the cytologic diagnostic criteria are not yet standardized. This prompted us to study the cytomorphological features of PDTC and assess features of distinction from differentiated @entity259 (DTC) and @entity259 ( @entity259 ). METHODS: This was a retrospective study of thyroid FNAC smears from 44 PDTC cases retrieved from the database of a single tertiary @entity5 institute (2009-2013). Papanicolaou and Giemsa smears were evaluated for 21 cytomorphologic features. Immunocytochemistry was available for 6 cases only. RESULTS: The frequencies of cytomorphologic features in the 44 cases were as follows: hypercellularity, 84.1%; insular pattern, 79.5%; small cell size, 93.2%; high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, 93.2%; granular chromatin pattern, 95.45%; nuclear overlapping, 88.64%; mild pleomorphism, 86.36%; grooves/inclusions, 22.7%; binucleation/multinucleation, 9.1%; abrupt nucleomegaly, 34.1%; apoptosis, 45%; mitosis, 25%; @entity39 , 34.1%; and colloid, 22.7%. CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion is necessary for an upfront diagnosis of PDTC on FNAC. Although @entity14568 , DTC, and @entity259 have overlapping features, there are distinguishing features also. The cytologic diagnostic criteria for PDTC need to be standardized by collaborative efforts among tertiary @entity5 centers. A prompt diagnosis is the key feature for planning multimodality treatment. @entity5 ( @entity5 Cytopathol) 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Cytologic diagnostic approach to poorly differentiated XXXX : A single-institution study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid cancer', 'MTC', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: Although palpation is a central skill in the practice of osteopathic medicine, few data are available on factors affecting the development of @entity1957 . OBJECTIVE: To use a novel @entity1957 assay to assess the role of training and practice in the development of @entity1957 in an osteopathic medical student population. METHODS: The @entity1957 of first-year osteopathic medical students were assessed using a simple, objective palpation assay that consisted of locating a dime placed under sheets of copy paper at depths of 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, and 400 sheets. Two trials were performed at each depth. The assay was performed at the beginning and at the end of the students' first term. To determine whether practice with the assay impacted @entity1 performance, a third assay was conducted to compare the performance of students who completed the assays at the beginning and at the end of the term with that of students who had never completed the assay. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 completed the assays at the beginning and end of the term. Fifty-seven of those 63 @entity1 and 192 @entity1 who had not previously completed the assay completed the third assay. A wide variability in number of correct responses per @entity1 was observed at both the beginning (range, 0-11 correct) and the end (range, 2-12 correct) of the term. The mean (SD) number of correct responses per @entity1 increased from the beginning (5.49 [2.78]) to the end (7.17 [2.27]) of the term. Analysis using the generalized estimating equation model demonstrated that both paper depth and experience (ie, beginning vs end of the term) were statistically significant determinants of the number of correct responses (P<.001). The Kaplan-Meier method indicated that the median paper depth at which @entity1 first scored no correct responses increased from 200 sheets (95% CI, 171-229) at the beginning of the term to 300 sheets (95% CI, 232-367) at the end of the term (P<.001). In the third assay, no significant differences were noted in the performance of students who had completed the 2 previous assays vs @entity1 who had not completed the previous assays (P=.136). CONCLUSION: @entity1 ' @entity1957 improved from the beginning to the end of the term. The range of @entity1 ' @entity1957 at the beginning of the term suggests that other factors in addition to training influenced @entity1 ' palpatory skill level. Additional research is needed to identify and investigate factors that influence the development of @entity1957 .

title: Use of a novel assay to measure pre- to posttraining XXXX of first-year osteopathic medical students.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['palpatory skills']

answer: @entity1957 :: (MESH:D019957,Disease) :: ['palpatory skills']


abstract: @entity600 remains the largest single cause of @entity204 and morbidity. Infection and/or @entity32 are strongly associated with @entity3152 . Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is known to be a crucial mediator of @entity32 homeostasis. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of spontaneous @entity1 labour in foetal membranes and myometrium on @entity35466 /b expression, and the effect of inhibition of @entity35466 /b on pro-labour mediators in foetal membranes and myometrium stimulated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Term and @entity3152 in foetal membranes was associated with significantly decreased @entity563 phosphorylated @entity35466 and b expression, and thus increased GSK3 activity. There was no effect of term labour on @entity563 phosphorylated @entity9459 expression in myometrium. The specific @entity35466 /b inhibitor @entity61508 significantly decreased lipopolysaccharide (ligand to @entity2939 )-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and release; @entity2247 gene expression and prostaglandin release; and @entity1495 gene expression and pro @entity1495 release in foetal membranes and/or myometrium. @entity61508 also decreased @entity36459 ( @entity2938 ligand) and flagellin ( @entity20040 ligand)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and release and @entity2247 mRNA expression and prostaglandin release. @entity9459 siRNA knockdown in primary myometrial cells was associated with a significant decrease in @entity1356 and @entity310 -induced pro-inflammatory cytokine and @entity3009 release. In conclusion, @entity35466 /b activity is increased in foetal membranes after term and @entity3152 . Pharmacological blockade of the kinase GSK3 markedly reduced pro-inflammatory and pro-labour mediators in @entity1 foetal membranes and myometrium, providing a possible therapeutics for the management of @entity3152 .

title: A novel role for GSK3 in the regulation of the processes of XXXX labour.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Salvage-line @entity8486 monotherapy exhibited a marked survival benefit for metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). However, the @entity137 of this regimen has resulted in the clinical use of a reduced dose of @entity8486 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two Japanese mCRC @entity1 (median age=61 years) who had been treated with @entity8486 were retrospectively examined. RESULTS: Best objective response rate was 0% and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was 31%. Median progression-free survival was 81 days and median overall survival was 233 days. Adverse events of any grade were observed in all @entity1 : 17 (53%) @entity1 suffered grade 3 or 4 adverse events including fatigue (13%), @entity448 (13%), hand-foot skin reaction (22%) and elevations of @entity493 aminotransferase/ @entity492 aminotransferase (19%/16%). One @entity1 with grade 5 @entity409 was identified (3%). Twenty-nine (91%) @entity1 required treatment dose reduction or a delay in treatment. The relative dose intensity was 59%. @entity8486 treatments were terminated because of disease progression (59%) or adverse events (34%). CONCLUSION: Despite a decrease in the intensity of @entity8486 treatment, because of severe adverse events, a fairly favorable efficacy was achieved in Japanese @entity1 .

title: Reduced Dose of Salvage-line XXXX Monotherapy for Metastatic @entity14 in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity8486 :: ('MESH:C559147', 'Chemical') :: ['regorafenib', 'Regorafenib']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity8486 :: (MESH:C559147,Chemical) :: ['Regorafenib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Salvage-line @entity8486 monotherapy exhibited a marked survival benefit for metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). However, the @entity137 of this regimen has resulted in the clinical use of a reduced dose of @entity8486 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two Japanese mCRC @entity1 (median age=61 years) who had been treated with @entity8486 were retrospectively examined. RESULTS: Best objective response rate was 0% and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was 31%. Median progression-free survival was 81 days and median overall survival was 233 days. Adverse events of any grade were observed in all @entity1 : 17 (53%) @entity1 suffered grade 3 or 4 adverse events including fatigue (13%), @entity448 (13%), hand-foot skin reaction (22%) and elevations of @entity493 aminotransferase/ @entity492 aminotransferase (19%/16%). One @entity1 with grade 5 @entity409 was identified (3%). Twenty-nine (91%) @entity1 required treatment dose reduction or a delay in treatment. The relative dose intensity was 59%. @entity8486 treatments were terminated because of disease progression (59%) or adverse events (34%). CONCLUSION: Despite a decrease in the intensity of @entity8486 treatment, because of severe adverse events, a fairly favorable efficacy was achieved in Japanese @entity1 .

title: Reduced Dose of Salvage-line @entity8486 Monotherapy for Metastatic XXXX in Japan.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The role of oncogenic or high-risk @entity1082 ) in cervical @entity105 is inevitable, yet not fully understood. Detailed analysis of microRNA (miRNA) alterations occurring during high-risk HPV transformation will increase our current understanding over cervical @entity105 . The two main aims of the study were: (i) finding association between @entity1083 characteristics and socio-demographic variables, (ii) finding an predictors of clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression levels of different microRNAs ( @entity10017 , @entity4449 , @entity7762 , @entity10015 , miR-196a, @entity20157 ) were determined in formalin-fixed @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) @entity1 @entity3799 and tumorous tissue samples using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Sociodemographic and life-style factors were also analyzed. RESULTS: The expression of @entity4449 was significantly higher in @entity3146 (CIN)2-3 compared to CIN1 (p=0.023) and in @entity957 ( @entity957 ) compared to CIN2-3 (p=0.033). Moreover, significantly lower levels of @entity7762 were detected in CIN2-3 than in CIN1 (p=0.041) and in @entity957 than in CIN2-3 (p=0.021). Furthermore, we found significant differences in subjects with multiple HPV in @entity4449 (p=0.015) and @entity20157 (p=0.025) in CIN2-3 compared to CIN1 and @entity10017 (p=0.002), @entity4449 (p=0.001) and @entity7762 (p=0.001) in @entity957 /CIN2-3. Expression of @entity4449 , showing up-regulation in CIN2-3 compared to CIN1 (p=0.028) and @entity7762 (down-regulated), correlated with @entity1799 positivity (CIN2-3/CIN1: p=0.027 and @entity957 /CIN2-3: p=0.036). @entity7762 expression was also significantly altered in connection to smoking status and presence of @entity1799 . CONCLUSION: The demand for additional, alternative molecular biomarkers with prognostic potential is strong. Evaluation of miRNA expression might be helpful to distinguish @entity75 and might be able to help in the prediction of @entity1083 outcome.

title: MicroRNA Expressions in HPV-induced XXXX and Cancer.

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['different cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-positive cervical dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['Cervical Dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the nationwide prevalence of @entity1296 and @entity394 in the Korean population and determine the associated factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of a nationwide health survey. METHODS: We obtained data from the 2009 to 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, which were cross-sectional surveys of the South Korean civilian, non-institutionalised population aged 40   years and older (N=3267). A field survey team performed interviews and physical examinations. Structured questionnaires were handed out and balance function tests using the modified Romberg test of standing balance on firm and compliant support surfaces were performed on @entity1 . Failure on the modified Romberg test was regarded to indicate @entity394 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1296 during the past year was 16.70% (95% CI 14.65% to 18.76%). The presence of @entity394 was noted in 1.84% (95% CI 1.18% to 2.51%). In addition, the prevalence of experiencing falls and positional @entity1296 were 1.46% (95% CI 0.87% to 2.06%) and 1.73% (95% CI 1.17% to 2.29%), respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that @entity1296 was associated with increased age, female gender, @entity393 and stress. @entity394 was associated with increased age, history of @entity1296 and @entity393 . CONCLUSIONS: Vertigo and @entity1296 are the greatest contributors to the @entity717 in the aged population. Screening for @entity1296 and @entity394 , and management of associated factors might be important for improving compromised quality of life due to postural imbalance caused by vestibular problems.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and associated factors in South Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['burden of disability']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['Vestibular dysfunction', 'vestibular dysfunction']

answer: @entity394 :: (MESH:D015837,Disease) :: ['vestibular dysfunction']


abstract: KEY POINTS: The basic control mechanisms of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis during work transitions in @entity1 skeletal muscle are still a matter of debate. We used simulations of skeletal muscle bioenergetics to identify key system features that contribute to this debate, by comparing kinetic model outputs with experimental @entity1 data, including @entity1734 , pH, pulmonary @entity26 uptake and fluxes of @entity855 production by OXPHOS (vOX), anaerobic glycolysis and @entity908 kinase in moderate and severe intensity exercise transitions. We found that each-step activation of particular OXPHOS complexes, @entity2125 supply and glycolysis, and strong (third-order) glycolytic inhibition by protons was required to reproduce observed @entity1734 , pH and vOX kinetics during exercise. A slow decay of each-step activation during recovery, which was slowed further following severe exercise, was necessary to reproduce the experimental findings. Well-tested computer models offer new insight in the control of the @entity1 skeletal muscle bioenergetic system during physical exercise. ABSTRACT: To better understand muscle bioenergetic regulation, a previously-developed model of the skeletal muscle cell bioenergetic system was used to simulate the influence of: (1) each-step activation (ESA) of @entity2125 supply (including glycolysis) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes and (2) glycolytic inhibition by protons on the kinetics of @entity855 synthesis from OXPHOS, anaerobic glycolysis and @entity908 kinase. Simulations were fitted to previously published experimental data of @entity855 production fluxes and metabolite concentrations during moderate and severe intensity exercise transitions in bilateral knee extension in @entity1 . Overall, the computer simulations agreed well with experimental results. Specifically, a large (>5-fold) direct activation of all OXPHOS complexes was required to simulate measured @entity1734 and OXPHOS responses to both moderate and severe intensity exercise. In addition, slow decay of ESA was required to fit @entity1734 recovery kinetics, and the time constant of ESA decay was slower following severe (180  s) than moderate (90  s) exercise. Additionally, a strong inhibition of (anaerobic) glycolysis by protons (glycolytic rate inversely proportional to the cube of proton concentration) provided the best fit to the experimental pH kinetics, and may contribute to the progressive increase in oxidative @entity855 supply during acidifying contractions. During severe-intensity exercise, an 'additional' @entity855 usage (a 27% increase at 8  min, above the initial @entity855 supply) was necessary to explain the observed V  O2 slow component. Thus, parallel activation of @entity855 usage and @entity855 supply (ESA), and a strong inhibition of @entity855 supply by anaerobic glycolysis, were necessary to simulate the kinetics of muscle bioenergetics observed in @entity1 .

title: Each-step activation of oxidative phosphorylation is necessary to explain muscle metabolic kinetic responses to exercise and recovery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: This study is to examine whether the activation of Rho kinase (ROCK) accounts for hemoglobin (Hb)-induced disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) after the occurrence of @entity1779 . A model of intracerebral injection of Hb was established in @entity35 . Changes in the levels of mRNA of @entity20757 , @entity13291 and @entity6929 ( @entity6929 ) were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of @entity20757 , @entity13291 , @entity22677 and @entity6929 , as well as ROCK activity, were determined using Western blotting. Immunohistochemical assay was performed to visualize the expression of @entity20757 , @entity13291 , @entity22677 and @entity6929 in endothelial cells. Hb injection produced a significant increase in BBB permeability and water content in the brain. Significant reduction of @entity22677 expression was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence in Hb group. The levels of @entity20757 and @entity13291 were significantly up-regulated from 6 h to 12 h after Hb injection and were concomitant with the increase in ROCK activity. Immunofluorescence double staining showed enhanced p-myosin light chain immunoreactivity but diminished @entity22677 staining in endothelial cells. Significant up-regulation of @entity6929 expression was detected after Hb injection, and statistical analyses further confirmed a positive correlation of @entity6929 expression with ROCK activity. The results showed that ROCK was activated in endothelial cells by Hb. This may account for the early disruption of the BBB via up-regulation of p-myosin light chain expression and aggravation of injuries to TJ proteins. The activation of ROCK may also increase @entity6929 expression, thereby leading to further BBB disruption.

title: Increased activity of Rho kinase contributes to hemoglobin-induced early disruption of the blood-brain barrier in vivo after the occurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious problem in chemotherapy and is one of the main reasons for a poor outcome of @entity356 . Study on the key proteins in multidrug resistance is necessary for the treatment of @entity356 . METHODS: The expression of ToPo II, @entity13978 and GST-   in 119 @entity356 was retrospectively examined, and the results were analyzed in correlation with clinicopathological data. ToPo II negative, @entity13978 positive and GST-   positive were regarded as three risk factors which may be associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis. @entity1 were divided into two groups: high-risk group (>= 2 risk factors) and the low-risk group (<2 risk factors), and the @entity5 recurrence and @entity1 ' survival time of the two groups were also analyzed. RESULTS: The positive rates of ToPo II, @entity13978 and GST-   were 73.9%, 42.9% and 51.3%, respectively. The positively correlation between the expression of @entity13978 and GST-   had been found. A significant correlation was shown between ToPo II expression and the level of differentiation. Significant differences with GST-   expression were also found in relation to the sex and differentiation. In the high-risk group, the 3-year survival rate of @entity1 with/without chemotherapy were 62.1% and 52.0%, 5-year survival rates were 44.8% and 40.0%, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In the low-risk group, the 3-year survival rate of @entity1 with/without chemotherapy were 81.2% and 51.5%, 5-year survival rates were 71.9% and 45.5%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Combined detection of MDR-related proteins ToPo II, @entity13978 and GST-   may be prospectively valuable for postoperative individualized chemotherapy, and further predict the outcomes of @entity356 @entity1 .

title: Significance of multidrug resistance gene-related proteins in the postoperative chemotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a systemic role in disease treatment, targeting multiple etiological factors simultaneously. Based on clinical experience, rhubarb and Salvia miltiorrhiza are commonly prescribed together for the treatment of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and have been proven to be very effective. However, the rationale of the combination remains unclear. The major active ingredients of these two herbs are rhein (RH) and danshensu (DSS), respectively. The aim of this paper is to investigate the renoprotective effects of RH and DSS in vitro and in vivo, and the underlying mechanism. A total of 5/6 nephrectomy @entity35 and @entity1 cells were subjected to chronic @entity8 . The combination of RH and DSS conferred a protective effect, as shown by a significant improvement in the renal function, blood supply, and fibrotic degree. Proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules were suppressed by RH and DSS through NK-kB signaling. The combination also inhibited apoptosis by up-regulating @entity588 and down-regulating @entity589 . Inhibiting the @entity2533 / @entity7379 pathway was at least in part involved in the antifibrotic mechanism of the combination treatment of RH and DSS. This study demonstrates for the first time the renoprotective effect and the mechanism of RH and DSS combination on chronic @entity8 . It could provide experimental evidence to support the rationality of the combinatorial use of TCM in clinical practices.

title: Effects and Mechanism of Combination of Rhein and Danshensu in the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were shown to support bone regeneration, when they were locally transplanted into poorly healing @entity174 . The benefit of systemic MSC transplantation is currently less evident. There is consensus that systemically applied MSC are recruited to the site of injury, but it is debated whether they actually support bone formation. Furthermore, the question arises as to whether circulating MSC are recruited only in case of injury or whether they also participate in mechanically induced bone formation. To answer these questions we injected green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled MSC into C57BL/6J @entity19 , which were subjected either to a femur osteotomy or to non-invasive mechanical ulna loading to induce bone formation. We detected GFP-labelled MSC in the early (day 10) and late @entity174 (day 21) by immunohistochemistry. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 ( @entity19149 or @entity19149 ), a key chemokine for stem cell attraction, was strongly expressed by virtually all cells near the osteotomy - indicating that @entity19149 may mediate cell migration to the site of injury. We found no differences in @entity19149 expression between the groups. Micro-computed tomography (  CT) revealed significantly more bone in the callus of the MSC treated @entity19 compared to untreated controls. The bending stiffness of callus was not significantly altered after MSC-application. In contrast, we failed to detect GFP-labelled MSC in the ulna after non-invasive mechanical loading. Histomorphometry and   CT revealed a significant load-induced increase in bone formation; however, no further increase was found after MSC administration. Concluding, our results suggest that systemically administered MSC are recruited and support bone formation only in case of injury but not in mechanically induced bone formation.

title: Systemic mesenchymal stem cell administration enhances bone formation in XXXX repair but not load-induced bone formation.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture callus']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5626 are known as effective and safe agents for the prophylaxis and treatment of different cohorts of @entity1 with @entity364 . Recent studies revealed that certain pharmacokinetics of @entity5637 antifungals might impact clinical efficacy and safety in special @entity1 populations. The aim of our study was to evaluate @entity5637 -induced aggravation of @entity299 in @entity326 . Using an in vivo endotoxemic shock model in @entity35 , we assessed hemodynamic parameters and time @entity177 ( @entity177 ) after additional central-venous application of @entity25928 (2.5 mg/kg body weight (BW), @entity11794 (0.875 mg/kg BW), @entity1331 (3 mg/kg BW and control (0.9% @entity2827 ). In addition, @entity5637 -induced @entity137 was evaluated in isolated @entity35 cardiac myocytes. @entity177 of the @entity11794 group animals (n=7) was significantly reduced compared to control (n=6) (136 min vs. 180 min; p=0.0209). @entity25928 group (n=7) also showed a trend to reduced @entity177 (136 min vs. 180 min; log-rank test p=0.0578). Animals of the @entity1331 group (n=7) did not show significant differences in @entity177 compared to control. Control group animals and also @entity1331 group animals did not show altered cardiac output (CO) during our experiments. In contrast, administration of @entity25928 or @entity11794 induced a decrease in CO. We also revealed a dose-dependent increase of @entity137 in @entity25928 and @entity11794 treated cardiac myocytes. Treatment with @entity1331 did not cause significant increased @entity137 . Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanism.

title: Cardiac effects of XXXX in endotoxemic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity25928 :: ('MESH:C102786', 'Chemical') :: ['anidulafungin', 'Anidulafungin']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5637 :: ('CHEBI:57248', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['to hemodynamic failure', 'THF']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['Echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac impairment']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity5626 :: (MESH:D054714,Chemical) :: ['echinocandins']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5626 are known as effective and safe agents for the prophylaxis and treatment of different cohorts of @entity1 with @entity364 . Recent studies revealed that certain pharmacokinetics of @entity5637 antifungals might impact clinical efficacy and safety in special @entity1 populations. The aim of our study was to evaluate @entity5637 -induced aggravation of @entity299 in @entity326 . Using an in vivo endotoxemic shock model in @entity35 , we assessed hemodynamic parameters and time @entity177 ( @entity177 ) after additional central-venous application of @entity25928 (2.5 mg/kg body weight (BW), @entity11794 (0.875 mg/kg BW), @entity1331 (3 mg/kg BW and control (0.9% @entity2827 ). In addition, @entity5637 -induced @entity137 was evaluated in isolated @entity35 cardiac myocytes. @entity177 of the @entity11794 group animals (n=7) was significantly reduced compared to control (n=6) (136 min vs. 180 min; p=0.0209). @entity25928 group (n=7) also showed a trend to reduced @entity177 (136 min vs. 180 min; log-rank test p=0.0578). Animals of the @entity1331 group (n=7) did not show significant differences in @entity177 compared to control. Control group animals and also @entity1331 group animals did not show altered cardiac output (CO) during our experiments. In contrast, administration of @entity25928 or @entity11794 induced a decrease in CO. We also revealed a dose-dependent increase of @entity137 in @entity25928 and @entity11794 treated cardiac myocytes. Treatment with @entity1331 did not cause significant increased @entity137 . Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanism.

title: Cardiac effects of @entity5626 in endotoxemic XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Cactophilic @entity238 species provide a valuable model to study gene-environment interactions and ecological adaptation. @entity238 buzzatii and @entity12570 are two cactophilic species that belong to the repleta group, but have very different geographical distributions and primary host plants. To investigate the genomic basis of ecological adaptation, we sequenced the genome and developmental transcriptome of D. buzzatii and compared its gene content with that of @entity12570 and two other noncactophilic @entity238 species in the same subgenus. The newly sequenced D. buzzatii genome (161.5 Mb) comprises 826 scaffolds (>3 kb) and contains 13,657 annotated protein-coding genes. Using RNA sequencing data of five life-stages we found expression of 15,026 genes, 80% protein-coding genes, and 20% noncoding RNA genes. In total, we detected 1,294 genes putatively under positive selection. Interestingly, among genes under positive selection in the @entity12570 lineage, there is an excess of genes involved in metabolism of heterocyclic compounds that are abundant in Stenocereus cacti and toxic to nonresident @entity238 species. We found 117 orphan genes in the shared D. buzzatii- @entity12570 lineage. In addition, gene duplication analysis identified lineage-specific expanded families with functional annotations associated with proteolysis, @entity219 ion binding, chitin binding, sensory perception, @entity1068 tolerance, immunity, physiology, and reproduction. In summary, we identified genetic signatures of adaptation in the shared D. buzzatii- @entity12570 lineage, and in the two separate D. buzzatii and @entity12570 lineages. Many of the novel lineage-specific genomic features are promising candidates for explaining the adaptation of these species to their distinct ecological niches.

title: Genomics of ecological adaptation in cactophilic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12570 :: ('7230', 'Species') :: ['D. mojavensis', 'Drosophila mojavensis']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: Ninety consecutive @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity453 . Eighty-one (90%) did not require blood transfusion in the immediate postoperative period; nine @entity1 received 16 units of blood, 6 of whom bled excessively; 2 were re-explored. Twelve had post-operative haemoglobins below 8.5 G/dl during their stay. They were transfused a total of 28 units of blood before discharge. Post-operative @entity190 in the 9 transfused early averaged 894 +/- 176 ml (SEM). Loss from the not transfused @entity1 averaged 481 +/- 18 ml (p less than 0.001). @entity1 transfused later had a mean loss of 510 +/- 36 ml (P NS). Sixty-nine @entity1 were not transfused. Haemoglobin on the first post-operative day was 11.3 +/- 1.3 G/dl (SD). This declined to 10.2 +/- 1.2 G/dl on the fifth day. Discharge haemoglobin was 10.5 +/- 1.2 G/dl. Two @entity1 died, one of @entity583 on the third day and the other of @entity788 on the fourth. Both had had early blood transfusion. Haemoglobins were above 10 G/dl. Of the 69 untransfused @entity1 17% had @entity943 . Ten percent had serous wound discharges; 3 were infected. There were no sternal dehiscences. It is concluded that bank blood transfusion with its attendant hazards and expense is easily avoidable in most @entity1 . This saving of resources will increase the availability of blood and rare groups for surgery.

title: Reduction of blood use in surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Crystalline @entity3440 ( @entity3758 ) is an important material for industry but is considered potentially carcinogenic. Inhalation of a crystalline @entity3758 aerosol may contribute to serious @entity358 . Crystalline @entity3758 particles are commonly used as a positive control in @entity137 assays of particulate materials (e.g. nanoparticles). Crystalline @entity3758 induces oxidative stress resulting in lipid peroxidation, but the acute oxidative stress response in the lung is not well understood. Lipid peroxidation during the acute stage of oxidative stress after instillation of crystalline @entity3758 into @entity35 was examined by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis. The levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a and @entity19413 ( @entity72015 ) in the BALF were measured using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometry. The concentration of the antioxidant protein @entity22456 ( @entity22456 ) in the BALF was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intratracheal instillation of crystalline @entity3758 increased the level of HODE and @entity22456 in BALF at 24 h after administration. The levels of HODE and @entity22456 returned to baseline at 72 h after instillation. @entity880 dehydrogenase leakage was observed only after 1 h instillation. These results suggest that the contribution of oxidative stress to the @entity358 of crystalline @entity3758 is minimal in the early acute stage after exposure.

title: The induction of lipid peroxidation during the acute oxidative stress response induced by intratracheal instillation of fine crystalline XXXX particles in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity19413 :: ('MESH:C495366', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity', 'lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Crystalline @entity3440 ( @entity3758 ) is an important material for industry but is considered potentially carcinogenic. Inhalation of a crystalline @entity3758 aerosol may contribute to serious @entity358 . Crystalline @entity3758 particles are commonly used as a positive control in @entity137 assays of particulate materials (e.g. nanoparticles). Crystalline @entity3758 induces oxidative stress resulting in lipid peroxidation, but the acute oxidative stress response in the lung is not well understood. Lipid peroxidation during the acute stage of oxidative stress after instillation of crystalline @entity3758 into @entity35 was examined by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis. The levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a and @entity19413 ( @entity72015 ) in the BALF were measured using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometry. The concentration of the antioxidant protein @entity22456 ( @entity22456 ) in the BALF was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intratracheal instillation of crystalline @entity3758 increased the level of HODE and @entity22456 in BALF at 24 h after administration. The levels of HODE and @entity22456 returned to baseline at 72 h after instillation. @entity880 dehydrogenase leakage was observed only after 1 h instillation. These results suggest that the contribution of oxidative stress to the @entity358 of crystalline @entity3758 is minimal in the early acute stage after exposure.

title: The induction of lipid peroxidation during the acute oxidative stress response induced by intratracheal instillation of fine crystalline @entity3440 particles in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) or @entity64 are at risk for @entity73 and @entity303 . Currently, there is no known effective strategy to prevent this @entity73 . Increasing evidence exists that physical exercise is beneficial for cognitive function. However, in @entity1 with @entity4905 or @entity64 who are at risk of @entity73 and @entity303 , only a few trials have been conducted. In this study, we aim to investigate whether a physical exercise programme (MoveIT) can prevent @entity73 in @entity1 in the acute phase after a @entity4905 or minor @entity64 . METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A single-blinded randomised controlled trial will be conducted to investigate the effect of an aerobic exercise programme on cognition compared with usual care. 120 adult @entity1 with a @entity4905 or minor @entity64 than 1   month ago will be randomly allocated to an exercise programme consisting of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme and regular follow-up visits to a specialised physiotherapist during the period of 1   year or to usual care. Outcome measures will be assessed at the baseline, and at the 1-year and 2-year follow-up. The primary outcome is cognitive functioning measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and with additional neuropsychological tests. Secondary outcomes include maximal exercise capacity, self-reported physical activity and measures of secondary prevention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study received ethical approval from the VU University Amsterdam Ethics committee (2011/383). The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. We will also disseminate the main results to our @entity1 in a letter. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The Nederlands Trial Register NTR3884.

title: A randomised controlled trial of aerobic exercise after XXXX or minor @entity64 to prevent @entity73 : the MoveIT study protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke', 'ischaemic stroke less']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischaemic attack', 'TIA']

answer: @entity4905 :: (MESH:D002546,Disease) :: ['transient ischaemic attack']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) or @entity64 are at risk for @entity73 and @entity303 . Currently, there is no known effective strategy to prevent this @entity73 . Increasing evidence exists that physical exercise is beneficial for cognitive function. However, in @entity1 with @entity4905 or @entity64 who are at risk of @entity73 and @entity303 , only a few trials have been conducted. In this study, we aim to investigate whether a physical exercise programme (MoveIT) can prevent @entity73 in @entity1 in the acute phase after a @entity4905 or minor @entity64 . METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A single-blinded randomised controlled trial will be conducted to investigate the effect of an aerobic exercise programme on cognition compared with usual care. 120 adult @entity1 with a @entity4905 or minor @entity64 than 1   month ago will be randomly allocated to an exercise programme consisting of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme and regular follow-up visits to a specialised physiotherapist during the period of 1   year or to usual care. Outcome measures will be assessed at the baseline, and at the 1-year and 2-year follow-up. The primary outcome is cognitive functioning measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and with additional neuropsychological tests. Secondary outcomes include maximal exercise capacity, self-reported physical activity and measures of secondary prevention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study received ethical approval from the VU University Amsterdam Ethics committee (2011/383). The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. We will also disseminate the main results to our @entity1 in a letter. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The Nederlands Trial Register NTR3884.

title: A randomised controlled trial of aerobic exercise after @entity4905 or minor XXXX to prevent @entity73 : the MoveIT study protocol.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) or @entity64 are at risk for @entity73 and @entity303 . Currently, there is no known effective strategy to prevent this @entity73 . Increasing evidence exists that physical exercise is beneficial for cognitive function. However, in @entity1 with @entity4905 or @entity64 who are at risk of @entity73 and @entity303 , only a few trials have been conducted. In this study, we aim to investigate whether a physical exercise programme (MoveIT) can prevent @entity73 in @entity1 in the acute phase after a @entity4905 or minor @entity64 . METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A single-blinded randomised controlled trial will be conducted to investigate the effect of an aerobic exercise programme on cognition compared with usual care. 120 adult @entity1 with a @entity4905 or minor @entity64 than 1   month ago will be randomly allocated to an exercise programme consisting of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme and regular follow-up visits to a specialised physiotherapist during the period of 1   year or to usual care. Outcome measures will be assessed at the baseline, and at the 1-year and 2-year follow-up. The primary outcome is cognitive functioning measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and with additional neuropsychological tests. Secondary outcomes include maximal exercise capacity, self-reported physical activity and measures of secondary prevention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study received ethical approval from the VU University Amsterdam Ethics committee (2011/383). The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. We will also disseminate the main results to our @entity1 in a letter. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The Nederlands Trial Register NTR3884.

title: A randomised controlled trial of aerobic exercise after @entity4905 or minor @entity64 to prevent XXXX : the MoveIT study protocol.

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevention of primary damage caused by @entity542 may be avoided with protective measures and techniques which is a public health concern. Experimental and clinical studies about treatment of @entity542 were all centered to prevent @entity16 caused by physiopathological changes following primary injury. Neuroprotective features of @entity2930 were the focus of several experimental studies in the last decade. In the present study we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of @entity803 in an experimental model of blunt @entity1545 in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 male @entity35 were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8). @entity542 was not performed in control group (group 1, craniectomy only). In the second group, @entity542 and craniectomy were performed. Intraperitoneal saline was used in addition to trauma and craniectomy for treatment in group 3 whereas intraperitoneal @entity803 and saline were used for treatment in group 4. RESULTS: When histological examinations performed by transmission electron microscopy were evaluated, injury at ultrastructural level was demonstrated to be less pronounced in @entity803 group with decreased lipid peroxidation levels. CONCLUSION: In accordance with these findings, we conclude that systemic @entity803 administration is effective in reduction of secondary @entity75 and @entity2657 and thus it may be considered as a therapeutic option.

title: Neuroprotective effects of @entity2930 on blunt XXXX : An experimental study on @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['secondary damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head trauma', 'head trauma']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevention of primary damage caused by @entity542 may be avoided with protective measures and techniques which is a public health concern. Experimental and clinical studies about treatment of @entity542 were all centered to prevent @entity16 caused by physiopathological changes following primary injury. Neuroprotective features of @entity2930 were the focus of several experimental studies in the last decade. In the present study we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of @entity803 in an experimental model of blunt @entity1545 in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 male @entity35 were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8). @entity542 was not performed in control group (group 1, craniectomy only). In the second group, @entity542 and craniectomy were performed. Intraperitoneal saline was used in addition to trauma and craniectomy for treatment in group 3 whereas intraperitoneal @entity803 and saline were used for treatment in group 4. RESULTS: When histological examinations performed by transmission electron microscopy were evaluated, injury at ultrastructural level was demonstrated to be less pronounced in @entity803 group with decreased lipid peroxidation levels. CONCLUSION: In accordance with these findings, we conclude that systemic @entity803 administration is effective in reduction of secondary @entity75 and @entity2657 and thus it may be considered as a therapeutic option.

title: Neuroprotective effects of XXXX on blunt @entity542 : An experimental study on @entity35 .

answer: @entity2930 :: (MESH:D013754,Chemical) :: ['tetracyclines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevention of primary damage caused by @entity542 may be avoided with protective measures and techniques which is a public health concern. Experimental and clinical studies about treatment of @entity542 were all centered to prevent @entity16 caused by physiopathological changes following primary injury. Neuroprotective features of @entity2930 were the focus of several experimental studies in the last decade. In the present study we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of @entity803 in an experimental model of blunt @entity1545 in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 male @entity35 were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8). @entity542 was not performed in control group (group 1, craniectomy only). In the second group, @entity542 and craniectomy were performed. Intraperitoneal saline was used in addition to trauma and craniectomy for treatment in group 3 whereas intraperitoneal @entity803 and saline were used for treatment in group 4. RESULTS: When histological examinations performed by transmission electron microscopy were evaluated, injury at ultrastructural level was demonstrated to be less pronounced in @entity803 group with decreased lipid peroxidation levels. CONCLUSION: In accordance with these findings, we conclude that systemic @entity803 administration is effective in reduction of secondary @entity75 and @entity2657 and thus it may be considered as a therapeutic option.

title: Neuroprotective effects of @entity2930 on blunt @entity542 : An experimental study on XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: " NlmCategory=: @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) is a significant issue affecting national health policies. The National Emergency Department Information System for @entity1167 (NEDIS-CA) consortium managed a prospective registry of out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) at the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) level. We analyzed the NEDIS-CA data from 29 participating hospitals from January 2008 to July 2009. The primary outcomes were incidence of OHCA and final survival outcomes at discharge. Factors influencing survival outcomes were assessed as secondary outcomes. The implementation of advanced emergency management (drugs, endotracheal intubation) and post- @entity1167 care ( @entity2332 , coronary intervention) was also investigated. A total of 4,156 resuscitation-attempted OHCAs were included, of which 401 (9.6%) @entity1 survived to discharge and 79 (1.9%) were discharged with good neurologic outcomes. During the study period, there were 1,662,470 @entity341 visits in @entity1 hospitals; therefore, the estimated number of resuscitation-attempted CAs was 1 per 400 @entity341 visits (0.25%). Factors improving survival outcomes included younger age, witnessed collapse, onset in a public place, a shockable rhythm in the pre-hospital setting, and applied advanced resuscitation care. We found that active advanced multidisciplinary resuscitation efforts influenced improvement in the survival rate. Resuscitation by public witnesses improved the short-term outcomes (return of spontaneous circulation, survival admission) but did not increase the survival to discharge rate. Strategies are required to reinforce the chain of survival and high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Korea. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT:

title: Epidemiology and Outcomes in Out-of-hospital @entity1167 : A Report from the NEDIS-Based XXXX Registry in Korea.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac Arrest', 'cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Arrest']


abstract: " NlmCategory=: @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) is a significant issue affecting national health policies. The National Emergency Department Information System for @entity1167 (NEDIS-CA) consortium managed a prospective registry of out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) at the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) level. We analyzed the NEDIS-CA data from 29 participating hospitals from January 2008 to July 2009. The primary outcomes were incidence of OHCA and final survival outcomes at discharge. Factors influencing survival outcomes were assessed as secondary outcomes. The implementation of advanced emergency management (drugs, endotracheal intubation) and post- @entity1167 care ( @entity2332 , coronary intervention) was also investigated. A total of 4,156 resuscitation-attempted OHCAs were included, of which 401 (9.6%) @entity1 survived to discharge and 79 (1.9%) were discharged with good neurologic outcomes. During the study period, there were 1,662,470 @entity341 visits in @entity1 hospitals; therefore, the estimated number of resuscitation-attempted CAs was 1 per 400 @entity341 visits (0.25%). Factors improving survival outcomes included younger age, witnessed collapse, onset in a public place, a shockable rhythm in the pre-hospital setting, and applied advanced resuscitation care. We found that active advanced multidisciplinary resuscitation efforts influenced improvement in the survival rate. Resuscitation by public witnesses improved the short-term outcomes (return of spontaneous circulation, survival admission) but did not increase the survival to discharge rate. Strategies are required to reinforce the chain of survival and high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Korea. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT:

title: Epidemiology and Outcomes in Out-of-hospital XXXX : A Report from the NEDIS-Based @entity1167 Registry in Korea.

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Arrest']


abstract: AIM: To review literature on local therapy in @entity1 with primary metastatic @entity0 with focus on local radiotherapy (RT). @entity1 AND METHODS: A Medline search using the key words "metastatic @entity0 ", "primary resection/radiotherapy", "local therapy", "local radiotherapy" was carried out. All original studies in the English language were included in the present review. RESULTS: A total of 27 original studies including more than 33,000 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 were identified, including two large database analyses (n=25,757). All studies were retrospective in nature. Most studies showed a survival benefit with the addition of local therapy in a metastatic situation. The majority of studies focused on the role of surgery. Fourteen studies (52%) mentioned radiotherapy (RT) in 0.3% to 100% of @entity1 . Six of these studies analyzed the effect of RT separately and five found an additional benefit of RT. Two studies showed best outcomes when RT and surgery were combined. CONCLUSION: Most retrospective studies showed a survival benefit for local therapy in @entity1 with @entity0 with distant metastases. The role of RT remains unclear. Some reports showed improved outcome with the combination of surgery and RT. This approach should be considered in @entity1 with good survival prognosis in whom local control is important. There are several prognostic factors to aid decision-making. Results of prospective randomized studies are pending.

title: Primary XXXX with Synchronous Metastatic Disease - Indications for Local Radiotherapy to the Breast and Chest Wall.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: The fine structure, synaptic relationships, distribution and time of origin of interstitial neurons situated within the white matter subjacent to the visual, somatosensory and motor cortices were studied in the @entity1 and monkey telencephalon. The analysis was carried out on Nissl-stained serial sections, rapid Golgi impregnations, by @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) histochemistry, electron microscopy and @entity665 ( @entity665 ) autoradiography. Interstitial neurons have a similar distribution, morphology and histochemistry in both @entity1 and monkey telencephalon. Their highest density and the most extensive distribution is found in the neonatal period in both species. The number of interstitial neurons decreases during infancy, but numerous cells remain in the adult. Two types of interstitial neuron can be recognized in Golgi preparations: polymorphic cells, usually situated close to the cortex and fusiform cells, located predominantly in the depths of the white matter. The polymorphic cell type is prevalent during neonatal and @entity1 stages, while fusiform cells are relatively more numerous in the adult. Interstitial cells have ultrastructural features and organelles typical of neurons of the central nervous system with well-defined axosomatic and axodendritic synapses of both symmetrical and asymmetrical types. About 20% fo the interstitial cells show strong specific @entity10810 activity. Autoradiographic analysis of postnatal monkeys exposed to @entity665 at various embryonic (E) and early postnatal days indicates that interstitial neurons which lie beneath the visual and somatosensory-motor cortices are generated between E38 and E48. Contrary to the prevailing notion that interstitial neurons are the latest generated cells arreste during migration across the maturing white matter, they prove to be produced at the end of the first third of the 165-day gestation in the @entity2608 concomitantly with the generation of neurons destined for the deep neocortical layers. These findings raise the possibility that interstitial cells represent a vestige of the transient embryonic subplate layer.

title: Cytology and time of origin of interstitial neurons in the white matter in XXXX and adult @entity1 and monkey telencephalon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey']

entities_list: @entity10810 :: ('43', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: The fine structure, synaptic relationships, distribution and time of origin of interstitial neurons situated within the white matter subjacent to the visual, somatosensory and motor cortices were studied in the @entity1 and monkey telencephalon. The analysis was carried out on Nissl-stained serial sections, rapid Golgi impregnations, by @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) histochemistry, electron microscopy and @entity665 ( @entity665 ) autoradiography. Interstitial neurons have a similar distribution, morphology and histochemistry in both @entity1 and monkey telencephalon. Their highest density and the most extensive distribution is found in the neonatal period in both species. The number of interstitial neurons decreases during infancy, but numerous cells remain in the adult. Two types of interstitial neuron can be recognized in Golgi preparations: polymorphic cells, usually situated close to the cortex and fusiform cells, located predominantly in the depths of the white matter. The polymorphic cell type is prevalent during neonatal and @entity1 stages, while fusiform cells are relatively more numerous in the adult. Interstitial cells have ultrastructural features and organelles typical of neurons of the central nervous system with well-defined axosomatic and axodendritic synapses of both symmetrical and asymmetrical types. About 20% fo the interstitial cells show strong specific @entity10810 activity. Autoradiographic analysis of postnatal monkeys exposed to @entity665 at various embryonic (E) and early postnatal days indicates that interstitial neurons which lie beneath the visual and somatosensory-motor cortices are generated between E38 and E48. Contrary to the prevailing notion that interstitial neurons are the latest generated cells arreste during migration across the maturing white matter, they prove to be produced at the end of the first third of the 165-day gestation in the @entity2608 concomitantly with the generation of neurons destined for the deep neocortical layers. These findings raise the possibility that interstitial cells represent a vestige of the transient embryonic subplate layer.

title: Cytology and time of origin of interstitial neurons in the white matter in @entity1 and adult XXXX and monkey telencephalon.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to validate the paediatric risk of @entity5 index (PRMI), as previously published. DESIGN: External validation study. SETTING: Academic hospital: Radboud University Medical Center. POPULATION: Female paediatric @entity1 under the age of 18  years diagnosed with, or treated for, an adnexal mass between January 1999 and October 2013. METHODS: Information was collected on diagnosis, presenting symptoms, and signs and imaging characteristics. The PRMI was calculated for each @entity1 . Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated, and the results were visualised using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histological diagnosis, discriminative performance using the area under the curve (AUC) of the  ROC curve and sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: Seventy-eight @entity1 were included, with a median age of 12  years. A malignant mass was found in 17 @entity1 (21.8%). The PRMI with a cut-off value of 7 resulted in a sensitivity of 70.1% (95% CI 44.1-89.6%) and a specificity of 85.3% (95% CI 73.8-93.0%). The area under the ROC curve was 0.868 (95% CI 0.756-0.980). CONCLUSIONS: The PRMI showed less discriminative capacity than  originally published, but its performance was still good; however, further prospective validation studies are needed to  define whether the model is useful in daily clinical practice.

title: External validation of the paediatric risk of XXXX index.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: Platelet concentrates are given to @entity1 suffering with severe @entity882 usually by a gravity transfusion procedure. Increasing @entity1 numbers that are in need of this treatment increase the pressure on hospital staff and space. In order to combat time issues, the use of medical devices such as intravenous infusion pumps are thought to be beneficial for time and simultaneously for safety in transfusion practices. By using infusion pumps, platelet concentrates can be transfused in less time and provide accurate volume measurements. Manufacturers of infusion pumps claim that these devices are safe to be used for blood products including platelet concentrates. However, published studies were performed on older models and newer devices are on the market now. The purpose of this study is to evaluate infusion pumps, which are claimed to be suitable for blood products and to investigate the impact the pumps had on platelets. Furthermore, the study revealed if the intravenous infusion pumps are safe to be used for platelet transfusion as claimed by manufacturers. A simulated transfusion was performed using the Carefusion Alaris GP Plus volumetric pump and Fresenius Kabi Volumat Agilia infusion pump. Samples were taken from expired platelet concentrates before and after passage through the pump. All samples were investigated for full blood count that included platelet count, mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ), platelet distribution width (PDW) and a plateletcrit (PCT). The samples were then centrifuged to achieve platelet-poor plasma and then tested for @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH). A power calculation performed on the statistical power analysis program G*power indicated a requirement of 82 samples for a power of 80%. Statistical analysis was performed with the IBM SPSS statistic software. A paired sample t-test was used to calculate mean, standard deviation and P values for the infusion pumps used. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to evaluate results that had a non-normal distribution. No statistically significant changes were found for LDH, PDW and platelet count with the Carefusion infusion pump. PCT and @entity6688 were found to have a statistically significant change with P values of 0.005 and 0.001, respectively, and showed a decrease in their values. The Fresenius Kabi infusion pump has shown no statistically difference in LDH, platelet count, PCT or PDW, with P values of 0.075, 0.425, 0.151 and 0.397, respectively. The @entity6688 showed a statistically significant decrease in its value with a P value < 0.043. Although only two pumps were tested, the results achieved by testing the devices revealed that there was no influence on the platelet enzyme LDH or the platelet count as the main parameters. However, the findings showed that there was statistically significant differences in @entity6688 of the expired platelet concentrates.

title: Platelet transfusion in chemotherapy XXXX : comparison of the effect of intravenous infusion pumps versus gravity transfusion.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Fluorescent carbonaceous nanospheres (CDs) have gained significant attention because of their promising applications, especially in biology and medicine, due to their unique properties. However, the application of CDs in the noninvasive imaging of diseased tissues has been restricted by the poor targeting efficiency of CDs. In this study, CDs were prepared from @entity969 and @entity367 with a particle size of 122.5 nm. Due to quantum confinement in the nanoparticles, CDs exhibited emission from 450 to 600 nm upon excitation at approximately 400 nm. This feature made it possible to use the CDs for low-background bioimaging of deep diseased tissues. RGD, a ligand that can target a(v)b3, which is highly expressed on most @entity5 and neovascular cells, was decorated onto the CDs after PEGylation. The product, RGD- @entity970 -CDs, possessed low @entity137 , as determined by @entity98 assay. In vitro, RGD- @entity970 -CDs targeted U87 (a @entity1 @entity13 cell line) cells with a higher cellular uptake intensity than CDs and PEGylated CDs (PEG-CDs), and endosomes were involved in the uptake procedure. The internalization of RGD-PEG-CDs, @entity970 -CDs and CDs all were primarily mediated by macropinocytosis and a clathrin-mediated pathway, which were energy-dependent. Additionally, the uptake of RGD- @entity970 -CDs could be significantly inhibited by free RGD, indicating that the uptake was mediated by the receptor of RGD. In vivo, RGD- @entity970 -CDs accumulated in U87 @entity11 at high intensity, at values that were 1.67- and 1.64-fold higher than those of @entity970 -CDs and CDs. Furthermore, RGD- @entity970 -CDs exhibited good colocalization with neovasculature. In conclusion, RGD-PEG-CDs could be successfully used for noninvasive U87 @entity11 imaging.

title: Noninvasive In Vivo Diagnosis of XXXX Using RGD-Decorated Fluorescent Carbonaceous Nanospheres.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['brain glioma']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity13 :: (MESH:C564230,Disease) :: ['Brain Glioma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intra-articular malunion with step off and gap formation is claimed to be crucial for radiocarpal degeneration. In addition to well-defined intraarticular malunion, the shape of the distal radius is important for unaffected wrist function. In typical @entity7334 patterns with a dorsoulnar and palmar ulnar fragment, alterations of the shape of the articular surface, in a kind of a cavity, without obvious step off can be observed. The aim of the present study is to determine the residual @entity85 following @entity7334 and to analyze their impact on the final clinical and radiological outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty one @entity1 with dorsally displaced distal intraarticular radius fractures were followed up for a mean period of 9 years. Surgical treatment of all @entity1 included @entity1538 and corticocancellous bone grafting. Radiological measurements included palmar tilt, radial inclination and radial shortening as defined by ulnar variance, intra-articular Stepps and the measurement of the anteroposterior distance of the radial joint surface. Clinical assessment included active range of motion (ARM) of the wrist, @entity158 according to a visual analogue scale (VAS), grip power, working ability, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (DASH Score). RESULTS: Articular malunion in the form of a cavity in the sagittal plane measured 4.8  mm, 1.3  mm more than on the non-injured side. Anteroposterior distance measured 20.6  mm, 2.1  mm more than on the non-injured side. Articular step-off and gap was noticed in 11 @entity1 . At the final follow-up examination, there was a significant difference in articular cavity depth and the anteroposterior distance between @entity625 stage I and II. @entity625 stage was associated with the range of motion (ROM) in the sagittal plane, but had no significant influence on the DASH, @entity158 level, grip strength and ROM in the frontal plane. CONCLUSION: ORIF leads to predictable results in the restoration of length and form of the distal radius. Increasing the articular cavity depth should be avoided to prevent @entity571 at the radiocarpal joint at long-term follow-up visits.

title: XXXX predicting factors in distal intraarticular radius fractures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open reduction, plate fixation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative arthritis']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular radius fractures', 'intra-articular fracture']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['articular deformity']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Arthritis']