abstract: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of @entity1 @entity150 has revealed many gene alterations compared with normal tissue, with most being predicted to be "loss of function." However, given the high number of alterations, evaluating the functional impact of each is impractical. Here, we develop and use a high-throughput, in vivo strategy to determine which alterations are loss of function in @entity5 growth suppressors. Genes reported as altered by NGS in @entity150 @entity1 were bioinformatically processed by MutationTaster and MutationAssessor, with 283 predicted as loss of function. An shRNA lentiviral library targeting these genes was transduced into @entity1 cells, a nontumorigenic @entity1 @entity150 cell line, followed by injection into @entity19 . @entity5 that arose were sequenced and the dominant shRNA constructs were found to target @entity52043 , @entity39195 , @entity73073 , @entity21121 , and @entity73074 genes. In vitro validation experiments revealed that shRNA molecules directed at @entity52043 showed the most profound increase in anchorage-independent growth of @entity1 cells. The clinical relevance of @entity52043 as a @entity5 growth suppressor is supported by the finding that its expression is lower in @entity150 compared with benign @entity1 urothelium in multiple independent datasets. Lower @entity52043 protein expression associated with higher @entity5 grade and decreased @entity1 survival. Finally, depletion of @entity52043 leads to increased @entity2534 with @entity2533 signaling, explaining in part how reduced @entity52043 promotes @entity5 growth. These findings suggest @entity52043 is a @entity150 growth suppressor that works via modulating @entity2533 signaling and is a potentially clinically useful biomarker. IMPLICATIONS: This study used gene mutation information from @entity1 -derived @entity150 specimens to inform the development of a screen used to identify novel @entity5 growth suppressors. This included identification of the protein @entity52043 as a potent @entity150 growth suppressor. Mol Cancer Res; 13(9); 1306-15.   2015 AACR.

title: XXXX Mutation Directed shRNA Screen Uncovers Novel @entity150 Growth Suppressors.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: AIM: To offer an up-to-date review of all available treatment strategies for @entity1 with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (CLM). METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify articles related to the management of @entity1 with synchronous CLM. A search of the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar was conducted in September 2014. The following search terms were used: synchronous colorectal liver metastases, surgery, stage IV @entity14 , liver-first approach, and up-front hepatectomy. These terms were employed in various combinations to maximize the search. Only articles written in English were included. Particular attention was devoted to studies and review articles that were published within the last six years (2009-2014). Additional searches of the cited references from primary articles were performed to further improve the review. The full texts of all relevant articles were accessed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: Poor long-term outcomes of @entity1 with synchronous CLM managed by a traditional treatment strategy have led to questions about the timing and sequence of possible therapeutic interventions. Thus, alternative paradigms called reverse strategies have been proposed. Presently, there are four treatment strategies available: (1) primary first approach (or traditional approach) comprises resection of the primary @entity14 followed by chemotherapy; subsequent liver resection is performed 3-6 mo after colorectal resection (provided that CLM are still resectable); (2) simultaneous resection of the primary @entity14 and CLM during a single operation presents intriguing options for a highly select group of @entity1 , which can be associated with significant postoperative morbidity; (3) liver-first (or chemotherapy-first) approach comprises preoperative chemotherapy (3-6 cycles) followed by liver resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and resection of the primary @entity14 (it is best suited for @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity5 and initially unresectable or marginally resectable CLM); and (4) up-front hepatectomy (or "true" liver-first approach) includes liver resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, colorectal resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy (strategy can be offered to @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity5 and initially resectable CLM). CONCLUSION: None of the aforementioned strategies appears inferior. It is necessary to establish individual treatment plans in multidisciplinary team meetings through careful appraisal of all strategies.

title: Treatment strategies for XXXX with synchronous liver metastases: Which way to go?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal tumor']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity10478 is one of the causes of chronic @entity8442 . Most cases pathologically reveal @entity179 or muscularis propia @entity194 and @entity82 . @entity854 is extremely rare. We report a case of a 9-mo-old Thai male baby who presented with chronic @entity8442 . Histologic findings showed abnormal layering of small intestinal muscularis propria with an additional oblique layer and aberrant muscularization in serosa. The @entity1 also had a short small bowel without @entity1518 , @entity14883 , and absence of the 2(nd) to 4(th) middle phalanges of both hands. The @entity1 was treated with @entity4392 and combined parenteral and enteral nutritional support. He had gradual clinical improvement and gained body weight. Subsequently, the parenteral nutrition was discontinued. The previously reported cases are reviewed and discussed.

title: XXXX as a cause of chronic @entity8442 : A case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['cisapride']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['Visceral myopathy']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal pseudo-obstruction']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormal layering of muscularis propria']

entities_list: @entity1518 :: ('MESH:C562835', 'Disease') :: ['malrotation']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative changes of myocytes']

entities_list: @entity14883 :: ('MESH:D059327', 'Disease') :: ['brachydactyly']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Abnormal layering of muscularis propria']


abstract: @entity10478 is one of the causes of chronic @entity8442 . Most cases pathologically reveal @entity179 or muscularis propia @entity194 and @entity82 . @entity854 is extremely rare. We report a case of a 9-mo-old Thai male baby who presented with chronic @entity8442 . Histologic findings showed abnormal layering of small intestinal muscularis propria with an additional oblique layer and aberrant muscularization in serosa. The @entity1 also had a short small bowel without @entity1518 , @entity14883 , and absence of the 2(nd) to 4(th) middle phalanges of both hands. The @entity1 was treated with @entity4392 and combined parenteral and enteral nutritional support. He had gradual clinical improvement and gained body weight. Subsequently, the parenteral nutrition was discontinued. The previously reported cases are reviewed and discussed.

title: @entity854 as a cause of chronic XXXX : A case report and literature review.

answer: @entity8442 :: (MESH:D007418,Disease) :: ['intestinal pseudo-obstruction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Thermo-responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) can be programmed to fit into small-bore incisions and recover their functional shape upon deployment in the body. This property is of significant interest for developing the next generation of minimally-invasive medical devices. To be used in such applications, SMPs should exhibit adequate mechanical strengths that minimize adverse compliance mismatch-induced host responses (e.g. @entity715 , @entity1373 ), be biodegradable, and demonstrate switch-like shape recovery near body temperature with favorable biocompatibility. Combinatorial approaches are essential in optimizing SMP material properties for a particular application. In this study, a new class of thermo-responsive SMPs with pendant, photocrosslinkable @entity9084 groups, x%poly(  -caprolactone)-co-y%(a-allyl carboxylate   - @entity13584 ) (x% @entity4351 -y%ACPCL), are created in a robust, facile manner with readily tunable material properties. Thermomechanical and shape memory properties can be drastically altered through subtle changes in @entity9084 composition. Molecular weight and gel content can also be altered in this combinatorial format to fine-tune material properties. Materials exhibit highly elastic, switch-like shape recovery near 37  C. Endothelial compatibility is comparable to tissue culture @entity852 (TCPS) and 100% @entity4351 in vitro and vascular compatibility is demonstrated in vivo in a @entity19 model of hindlimb @entity63 , indicating promising suitability for vascular applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: With the ongoing thrust to make surgeries minimally-invasive, it is prudent to develop new biomaterials that are highly compatible and effective in this workflow. Thermo-responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) have great potential for minimally-invasive applications because SMP medical devices (e.g. stents, grafts) can fit into small-bore minimally-invasive surgical devices and recover their functional shape when deployed in the body. To realize their potential, it is imperative to devise combinatorial approaches that enable optimization of mechanical, SM, and cellular responses for a particular application. In this study, a new class of thermo-responsive SMPs is created in a robust, facile manner with readily tunable material properties. Materials exhibit excellent, switch-like shape recovery near body temperature and promising biocompatibility for minimally-invasive vascular applications.

title: Pendant XXXX crosslinking as a tunable shape memory actuator for vascular applications.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity13584 :: ('MESH:C121056', 'Chemical') :: ['caprolactone']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity9084 :: (CHEBI:30361,Chemical) :: ['allyl']


abstract: The long-term efficacy of surgical correction of @entity3153 was evaluated in 45 consecutive @entity1 . Before surgery, 42 @entity1 had reciprocating @entity591 and 12 had @entity955 . The principal operative procedure was endocardial incision in 42 @entity1 , endocardial cryoablation in 2 @entity1 and epicardial cryoablation without dissection of the atrioventricular (AV) fat pad in 1 @entity1 . Two @entity1 had perioperative complications. One @entity1 had @entity548 that necessitated reoperation, and one had a right @entity64 with subsequent clearing of @entity51 . At postoperative electrophysiologic study, only the @entity1 who underwent epicardial cryoablation had conduction over an accessory connection. Two others had intermittent delta waves in the early postoperative period but no accessory connection conduction at electrophysiologic study. During a mean follow-up of 3.1 years, the @entity1 with ineffective cryoablation had recurrent @entity591 , and one other @entity1 had late recurrence of delta waves without @entity943 . Four other @entity1 had frequent palpitation, which was caused by @entity1165 in one. Seventeen @entity1 had occasional "skipped beats" without recurrence of @entity591 . Twelve of 13 @entity1 whose @entity943 limited employment before surgery returned to work after surgery. By actuarial analysis at 1, 2 and 3 years, all @entity1 were alive and 98% were free from @entity591 . Surgical correction of @entity3153 provides excellent long-term results with low morbidity. @entity1 who are disabled by @entity943 return to work after successful surgery. Delta waves may persist or recur without return of @entity943 . Minor postoperative episodes of palpitation are common and do not correlate with @entity591 .

title: Long-term follow-up after surgical correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral stroke']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular complexes in three and sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachyarrhythmias', 'orthodromic tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The incidence of @entity420 is five times higher in the UK than in Sweden. We examined the prevalence of established risk factors for @entity420 in both populations. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study comparing the prevalence of @entity354 , @entity28 , and @entity286 smoking between random samples of the English and Swedish populations aged 40-59 years. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression yielded odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for potential confounding. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 3633 English and 1483 Swedish @entity1 (response rates 43 and 62%, respectively). The prevalence of @entity304 occurring at least weekly was twice as common in the English compared with the Swedish sample. Obesity (BMI >= 30) was also nearly two-fold more common in the English sample. The frequency of @entity286 smoking was similar in both countries. The combination of @entity304 and a BMI of at least 25 was three-fold more common in the English than in the Swedish sample. CONCLUSION: The substantially higher prevalence of @entity304 and @entity28 in samples of the English population compared with the Swedish population might contribute to the known higher incidence of @entity420 in the UK.

title: Increased population prevalence of reflux and @entity28 in the United Kingdom compared with Sweden: a potential explanation for the difference in incidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The incidence of @entity420 is five times higher in the UK than in Sweden. We examined the prevalence of established risk factors for @entity420 in both populations. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study comparing the prevalence of @entity354 , @entity28 , and @entity286 smoking between random samples of the English and Swedish populations aged 40-59 years. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression yielded odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for potential confounding. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 3633 English and 1483 Swedish @entity1 (response rates 43 and 62%, respectively). The prevalence of @entity304 occurring at least weekly was twice as common in the English compared with the Swedish sample. Obesity (BMI >= 30) was also nearly two-fold more common in the English sample. The frequency of @entity286 smoking was similar in both countries. The combination of @entity304 and a BMI of at least 25 was three-fold more common in the English than in the Swedish sample. CONCLUSION: The substantially higher prevalence of @entity304 and @entity28 in samples of the English population compared with the Swedish population might contribute to the known higher incidence of @entity420 in the UK.

title: Increased population prevalence of reflux and XXXX in the United Kingdom compared with Sweden: a potential explanation for the difference in incidence of @entity420 .

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete @entity5 regression may develop after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for @entity5 . Studies have suggested that selected @entity1 with complete clinical response may avoid radical surgery and close surveillance may provide good outcomes with no oncologic compromise. However, definition of complete clinical response is often imprecise and may vary between different studies. The aim of this study is to provide a clear definition for a complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in @entity1 with @entity5 in addition to actual endoscopic videos from @entity1 managed nonoperatively. METHODS: @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity5 treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy, including 50.4 Gy and concomitant @entity1487 and @entity4181 , were assessed for @entity5 response at least 8 weeks after chemoradiation therapy completion. Complete and incomplete clinical responses were defined based on clinical and endoscopic findings. @entity1 with complete clinical response were not immediately operated on and were closely followed. Early and late endoscopic findings were recorded. RESULTS: Definition of a complete clinical response should be based on very strict clinical and endoscopic criteria. The finding of any residual superficial @entity1066 , irregularity, or nodule should prompt surgical attention, including transanal full-thickness excision or even a radical resection with total mesorectal excision. Standard or incisional biopsies should be avoided in this setting. Complete clinical responders should harbor no more than whitening of the mucosa, teleangiectasia with mucosal integrity to be considered for a nonoperative approach. In the presence of these findings, regularly scheduled reassessments may provide a safe alternative to these @entity1 with early detection of recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: Strict definition of the clinical and endoscopic findings of @entity1 experiencing complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy may provide a useful tool for the understanding of outcomes of @entity1 managed with no immediate surgery allowing standardization of classifications and comparison between the experiences of different institutions.

title: Complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for XXXX : characterization of clinical and endoscopic findings for standardization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'distal rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['distal rectal cancer']


abstract: AIM: This study assessed the effects of @entity5834 on repeated sprint ability (RSA), reactive agility time ( @entity35 ), sleep and next day exercise performance. METHODS: Ten moderately trained male athletes (single-blind, randomized, crossover design) ingested either @entity5834 (6 mg.kg-1 bm) or placebo 1 h before exercise. Trials were performed on the same day one week apart. Performance measures included a @entity35 test (10 trials  10.2 m, separated by 30 s), followed by 7 min of active recovery and then a RSA test (five sets of 6  20 m sprints with 25 or 60 s of recovery). The RSA was then followed by 5 min of active recovery and another @entity35 . That night, @entity1 wore a wrist sleep actigraph to bed. Next day, @entity1 repeated the @entity35 and the first set of the RSA tests. RESULTS: Significant improvements were demonstrated after @entity5834 ingestion compared to placebo for the combined total time of each set (TT; combined sets 1, 3, 5; 58.947  1.88 vs. 59.683  2.54 s, respectively; P=0.05), best sprint time (BT; next day performance; 3.176  0.10 vs. 3.230  0.12 s, respectively, P=0.01), and % decrement (combined sets 2, 4; 2.866  1.24 vs. 3.801  1.69 s, respectively; P=0.02). Moderate to strong effect sizes were found for % decrement for set 2 (Cohen's d=-0.82; 1.312  0.65 vs. 2.110  1.20 s for @entity5834 and placebo conditions, respectively) and for sets 2 and 4 combined (Cohen's d=-0.63; 2.866  1.24 vs. 3.801  1.69 for @entity5834 and placebo conditions, respectively). No significant differences were found for @entity35 or for sleep measures (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity5834 improved RSA, including next day performance, but had little effect on @entity35 or sleep parameters.

title: Effects of XXXX on repeated sprint ability, reactive agility time, sleep and next day performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['Caffeine', 'caffeine']

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['caffeine']


abstract: @entity1307 combined with parenteral @entity68 sucrose therapy is an alternative to blood transfusion in anemic @entity1 . It was shown to be effective in surgical @entity1 in several previous studies when used in conjunction with other methods. However, there are no guidelines about safety limits in dosage amounts or intervals. In this study, we report a case of significant @entity86 managed with high dose parenteral @entity46674 , low dose @entity1307 , @entity2186 , @entity620 , and @entity1501 . An 80-year-old female @entity1 presented for severe @entity417 after a total hip arthroplasty and refused an allogenic blood transfusion as treatment. The preoperative hemoglobin of 12.2 g/dL decreased to 5.3 g/dL postoperatively. She received the aforementioned combination of @entity68 sucrose, @entity1307 , and vitamins. A total of 1,500 mg of intravenous @entity68 sucrose was given postoperatively for 6 consecutive days. @entity1307 was also administered at 2,000 IU every other day for a total of 12,000 IU. The @entity1 was discharged in good condition on the twelfth postoperative day with a hemoglobin of 8.5 g/dL. Her hemoglobin was at 11.2 g/dL on the twentieth postoperative day.

title: Postoperative high-dose intravenous XXXX sucrose with low dose @entity1307 therapy after total hip replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'Erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity46674 :: ('MESH:C008169', 'Chemical') :: ['iron sucrose']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: @entity1307 combined with parenteral @entity68 sucrose therapy is an alternative to blood transfusion in anemic @entity1 . It was shown to be effective in surgical @entity1 in several previous studies when used in conjunction with other methods. However, there are no guidelines about safety limits in dosage amounts or intervals. In this study, we report a case of significant @entity86 managed with high dose parenteral @entity46674 , low dose @entity1307 , @entity2186 , @entity620 , and @entity1501 . An 80-year-old female @entity1 presented for severe @entity417 after a total hip arthroplasty and refused an allogenic blood transfusion as treatment. The preoperative hemoglobin of 12.2 g/dL decreased to 5.3 g/dL postoperatively. She received the aforementioned combination of @entity68 sucrose, @entity1307 , and vitamins. A total of 1,500 mg of intravenous @entity68 sucrose was given postoperatively for 6 consecutive days. @entity1307 was also administered at 2,000 IU every other day for a total of 12,000 IU. The @entity1 was discharged in good condition on the twelfth postoperative day with a hemoglobin of 8.5 g/dL. Her hemoglobin was at 11.2 g/dL on the twentieth postoperative day.

title: Postoperative high-dose intravenous @entity68 sucrose with low dose XXXX therapy after total hip replacement.

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report @entity64 -like symptoms and unusual central nervous system adverse effects in 2 elderly @entity1 receiving ertapenem. CASE SUMMARY: Two @entity1 >= 70 years of age experienced unusual mental status changes while receiving ertapenem. @entity1 1 developed garbled speech and miosis 1 week after starting appropriately dosed @entity6543 (1 g/day) for @entity4034 . Symptoms resolved upon ertapenem discontinuation but recurred upon rechallenge. @entity1 2, a cachectic male with @entity810 , became delirious and progressively obtunded 5 days after starting ertapenem 1 g/day. Nine days after initiation of therapy, he required intubation and mechanical ventilation; ertapenem was discontinued at that time. Within 2 days of ertapenem discontinuation, his mental state cleared and the ventilator was removed. DISCUSSION: Carbapenems, including ertapenem, have been implicated in causing @entity149 , including @entity1833 and @entity410 . However, published reports of other, nonseizure-related central nervous system events are limited. Considerable resources were expended on extensive medical interventions before ertapenem was identified as a potential cause of the @entity933 in our @entity1 . When applied to our @entity1 , the Naranjo probability scale indicated a highly probable relationship for @entity1 1 and a probable relationship for @entity1 2 between the adverse effects and ertapenem use. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be cognizant of ertapenem's potential to induce profound changes in mental status that may mimic other conditions in elderly @entity1 .

title: XXXX associated with ertapenem use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['sacral osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity6543 :: ('MESH:C446479', 'Chemical') :: ['ertapenem']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['Central nervous system toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antioxidants may protect normal cells from the oxidative damage that occurs during radiotherapy and certain chemotherapy regimens; however, the same mechanism could protect @entity5 cells and potentially reduce effectiveness of @entity5 treatments. We evaluated the association of @entity2221 supplement use in the first 6 months after @entity0 treatment with total mortality and recurrence. METHODS: We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study of 4,877 @entity1 aged 20 to 75 years diagnosed with invasive @entity0 in Shanghai, China, between March 2002 and April 2006. @entity1 were interviewed approximately 6 months after diagnosis and followed up by in- @entity1 interviews and record linkage with the vital statistics registry. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 4.1 years, 444 @entity204 and 532 recurrences occurred. @entity2221 use shortly after @entity0 was associated with reduced mortality and recurrence risk, adjusted for multiple lifestyle factors, sociodemographics, and known clinical prognostic factors. @entity1 who used antioxidants ( @entity270 , @entity620 , multivitamins) had 18% reduced mortality risk (HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.65-1.02) and 22% reduced recurrence risk (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63-0.95). The inverse association was found regardless of whether @entity2221 use was concurrent or nonconcurrent with chemotherapy, but was present only among @entity1 who did not receive radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2221 supplement use in the first 6 months after @entity0 may be associated with reduced risk of mortality and recurrence. IMPACT: Our results do not support the current recommendation that @entity0 @entity1 should avoid use of @entity2221 supplements.

title: @entity2221 supplement use during XXXX treatment and survival: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis and during cancer', 'breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin', 'vitamin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antioxidants may protect normal cells from the oxidative damage that occurs during radiotherapy and certain chemotherapy regimens; however, the same mechanism could protect @entity5 cells and potentially reduce effectiveness of @entity5 treatments. We evaluated the association of @entity2221 supplement use in the first 6 months after @entity0 treatment with total mortality and recurrence. METHODS: We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study of 4,877 @entity1 aged 20 to 75 years diagnosed with invasive @entity0 in Shanghai, China, between March 2002 and April 2006. @entity1 were interviewed approximately 6 months after diagnosis and followed up by in- @entity1 interviews and record linkage with the vital statistics registry. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 4.1 years, 444 @entity204 and 532 recurrences occurred. @entity2221 use shortly after @entity0 was associated with reduced mortality and recurrence risk, adjusted for multiple lifestyle factors, sociodemographics, and known clinical prognostic factors. @entity1 who used antioxidants ( @entity270 , @entity620 , multivitamins) had 18% reduced mortality risk (HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.65-1.02) and 22% reduced recurrence risk (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63-0.95). The inverse association was found regardless of whether @entity2221 use was concurrent or nonconcurrent with chemotherapy, but was present only among @entity1 who did not receive radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2221 supplement use in the first 6 months after @entity0 may be associated with reduced risk of mortality and recurrence. IMPACT: Our results do not support the current recommendation that @entity0 @entity1 should avoid use of @entity2221 supplements.

title: XXXX supplement use during @entity0 treatment and survival: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

answer: @entity2221 :: (CHEBI:33229,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many of the foods abundant in the traditional Mediterranean diet, such as vegetables and fish, have been associated with slower @entity73 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern or to the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) is associated with @entity73 in older adults. DESIGN: This article is based on analyses of data from an ongoing longitudinal study in adults aged >= 65 y known as the @entity283 ( @entity283 ). @entity283 @entity1 (2280 blacks and 1510 whites) with >= 2 cognitive assessments were evaluated for adherence to 1) the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet; maximum score: 55) and 2) the HEI-2005 (maximum score: 100). For both scoring systems, higher scores connote greater adherence. Cognitive function was assessed at 3-y intervals on the basis of a composite measure of global cognition. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association of dietary scores to change in cognitive function. Mean follow-up time was 7.6 y. RESULTS: Mean (  SD) scores for @entity1 were 28.2    0.1 for the MedDiet and 61.2    9.6 for the HEI-2005. White @entity1 had higher energy-adjusted MedDiet scores but lower HEI-2005 scores than did black @entity1 . Higher MedDiet scores were associated with slower rates of @entity73 (b = +0.0014 per 1-point increase, SEE = 0.0004, P = 0.0004) after adjustment for age, sex, race, education, participation in cognitive activities, and energy. No such associations were observed for HEI-2005 scores. CONCLUSION: The Mediterranean dietary pattern as captured by the MedDiet scoring system may reduce the rate of @entity73 with older age.

title: Adherence to a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern and XXXX in a community population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive change', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Chicago Health and Aging Project', 'CHAP']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: PURPOSE: Goal setting is an established strategy in health behavior change programs although its usefulness remains uncertain. The authors investigate the validity of attainment of a @entity1 -identified goal as an outcome measure in cardiac rehabilitation after @entity583 . METHODS: On entry into a randomized controlled trial of cardiac rehabilitation after an acute @entity583 , @entity1 identified one activity that, if and when attained, would reflect their perception of a successful recovery. @entity1 reported whether they had attained their goal and the time of goal attainment. This was then related to trial outcomes that included generic and specific health-related quality of life and percent predicted exercise tolerance. RESULTS: Goals identified by 180 of the 201 (89.6%) @entity1 , were attained by 51.5% at 8 weeks and by 86.5% at 12 months. At the end of the 8-week intervention, there was a substantial trend for fewer rehabilitation than usual care @entity1 to have attained their identified goal (P < 0.06), although rehabilitation @entity1 demonstrated greater improvement in specific health-related quality of life and exercise tolerance than usual care @entity1 (P < 0.05). Among @entity1 who identified a recreational physical activity goal (26.7%), significantly fewer (P < 0.007) rehabilitation than usual care @entity1 had attained their goal at the end of the intervention with no differences in improvement in outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Although improvement in outcomes was greater in rehabilitation @entity1 than usual care @entity1 at 8 weeks, goal attainment, particularly for the recreational physical activity goal, was greater among usual care @entity1 . The validity of self-identified activity goal attainment as a measure of the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation is unclear and might give misleading results.

title: Goal attainment in a randomized controlled trial of rehabilitation after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the severity of @entity25 in @entity1 with a history of @entity542 who complain of daytime @entity2147 , to investigate polygraphic @entity25 , and to determine whether @entity25 was the cause or consequence of the @entity542 . METHODS: The authors performed a systematic evaluation of 184 @entity1 comprised of clinical interviews, @entity25 questionnaires, @entity25 and @entity308 scales, medical and neurologic evaluations, sleep logs with actigraphy, nocturnal polysomnography, and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). Assessments of @entity25 before the accident were based on bed partner interviews, coworker and employer reports, health reports, driving records, and employment history that included absenteeism. RESULTS: Post-traumatic complaint of @entity2147 was associated with variable degrees of impaired daytime functioning in more than 98% of @entity1 . @entity1 who were in a @entity772 for 24 hours, who had a @entity174 , or who had immediate neurosurgical interventions were likely to have scores > 16 points on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and < or = 5 minutes on the MSLT. @entity158 at night was an important factor in nocturnal sleep disruption and @entity25 . @entity25 @entity1353 was a common finding and was the only finding in @entity7125 @entity1 with @entity25 . Extensive evaluation of @entity146 supported the conclusion that the onset of symptomatic @entity25 @entity1353 was associated with the @entity130 . The @entity1 who showed a "compulsive @entity146 " were severely impaired in performing their daily activities. CONCLUSIONS: A systematic approach is required when dealing with @entity1 complaining of @entity2147 following a @entity135 .

title: XXXX after @entity135 : a medicolegal dilemma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-neck trauma']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['head fracture']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['presleep behavior', 'pretrauma behavior']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia', 'somnolence']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered', 'Sleep-disordered', 'sleepiness', 'daytime sleepiness', 'abnormalities during nocturnal sleep', 'sleep disorders']

answer: @entity2147 :: (MESH:D006970,Disease) :: ['Hypersomnia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the severity of @entity25 in @entity1 with a history of @entity542 who complain of daytime @entity2147 , to investigate polygraphic @entity25 , and to determine whether @entity25 was the cause or consequence of the @entity542 . METHODS: The authors performed a systematic evaluation of 184 @entity1 comprised of clinical interviews, @entity25 questionnaires, @entity25 and @entity308 scales, medical and neurologic evaluations, sleep logs with actigraphy, nocturnal polysomnography, and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). Assessments of @entity25 before the accident were based on bed partner interviews, coworker and employer reports, health reports, driving records, and employment history that included absenteeism. RESULTS: Post-traumatic complaint of @entity2147 was associated with variable degrees of impaired daytime functioning in more than 98% of @entity1 . @entity1 who were in a @entity772 for 24 hours, who had a @entity174 , or who had immediate neurosurgical interventions were likely to have scores > 16 points on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and < or = 5 minutes on the MSLT. @entity158 at night was an important factor in nocturnal sleep disruption and @entity25 . @entity25 @entity1353 was a common finding and was the only finding in @entity7125 @entity1 with @entity25 . Extensive evaluation of @entity146 supported the conclusion that the onset of symptomatic @entity25 @entity1353 was associated with the @entity130 . The @entity1 who showed a "compulsive @entity146 " were severely impaired in performing their daily activities. CONCLUSIONS: A systematic approach is required when dealing with @entity1 complaining of @entity2147 following a @entity135 .

title: @entity2147 after XXXX : a medicolegal dilemma.

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-neck trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the demonstrated efficacy of @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) for acute @entity385 can be effective in a community setting. METHODS: Sixty-eight consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity385 treated with IV @entity3479 within 3 hours of symptom onset by attending general neurologists in a busy teaching hospital. Outcome measures at 3 months were the National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS), functional outcome (independence [modified Rankin score 0-2], dependence [modified Rankin score 3-5], and @entity204 ), and symptomatic @entity548 . Appropriately treated @entity1 were defined by adherence to the National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 (NINDS) guidelines. Effectiveness is expressed as the absolute risk reduction in which the baseline risk is assumed to be similar to that of the NINDS control group. RESULTS: Of 68 consecutively treated @entity1 (with a mean baseline NIHSS score of 15 +/- 6), 26 (38%) made a full recovery and 39 (57%) made an independent recovery. The 11 @entity1 who violated protocol had a lower probability of independence (p < 0.02) and full neurologic recovery (p < 0.02) and a higher probability of symptomatic @entity548 (p < 0.05) and @entity204 (p < 0.01) compared with those of 57 @entity1 treated according to NINDS guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity3479 for @entity64 in this community is effective with a number needed to treat of six. The risk of symptomatic @entity548 is similar to that noted in randomized trials. Treating @entity1 who violate protocol results in excess risk with no observable benefit.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX in acute @entity385 : outcome relates to appropriateness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity3479 :: (5327,Gene) :: ['t-PA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the demonstrated efficacy of @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) for acute @entity385 can be effective in a community setting. METHODS: Sixty-eight consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity385 treated with IV @entity3479 within 3 hours of symptom onset by attending general neurologists in a busy teaching hospital. Outcome measures at 3 months were the National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS), functional outcome (independence [modified Rankin score 0-2], dependence [modified Rankin score 3-5], and @entity204 ), and symptomatic @entity548 . Appropriately treated @entity1 were defined by adherence to the National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 (NINDS) guidelines. Effectiveness is expressed as the absolute risk reduction in which the baseline risk is assumed to be similar to that of the NINDS control group. RESULTS: Of 68 consecutively treated @entity1 (with a mean baseline NIHSS score of 15 +/- 6), 26 (38%) made a full recovery and 39 (57%) made an independent recovery. The 11 @entity1 who violated protocol had a lower probability of independence (p < 0.02) and full neurologic recovery (p < 0.02) and a higher probability of symptomatic @entity548 (p < 0.05) and @entity204 (p < 0.01) compared with those of 57 @entity1 treated according to NINDS guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity3479 for @entity64 in this community is effective with a number needed to treat of six. The risk of symptomatic @entity548 is similar to that noted in randomized trials. Treating @entity1 who violate protocol results in excess risk with no observable benefit.

title: Effectiveness of @entity3479 in acute XXXX : outcome relates to appropriateness.

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of a @entity7263 -patch in the treatment of a @entity19 @entity320 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male C57BL6 @entity19 were divided into two groups: treated and control. Superficial @entity5 were induced in both groups by injecting B16F1 @entity320 at about 10 cells/ @entity19 subcutaneously. @entity5 developed 10-15 days after transplantation and the @entity7263 -patch was applied on palpable @entity5 of the treated group. @entity5 growth was followed up in both groups by measuring @entity5 size with a caliper. After the follow-up period, the animals were killed and @entity5 samples of the treated and control groups were collected for histological study by preparing paraffin sections stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 . RESULTS: The @entity7263 -patch showed the absence of radioactivity leakage in vitro and the homogeneous distribution of the radionuclide. The skin surface at the application site of the @entity7263 -patch appeared hairless, and erythema developed, but reversed to normal after a few days in the treated group. Control of @entity5 growth was achieved in the treated group compared with the control group, although complete remission did not occur. CONCLUSION: The @entity7263 -patch tested for the treatment of a @entity19 @entity320 model showed its efficacy, as @entity5 growth was retarded after application of the patch Nevertheless, adjustment of some therapeutic parameters and/or combining the patch with other treatment modalities may be necessary to achieve complete regression. The P-patch represents a powerful tool to individualize the treatment of @entity320 .

title: Radioactive treatment of a @entity19 @entity320 using a XXXX -patch.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity7263 :: (CHEBI:37972,Chemical) :: ['(32)P']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of a @entity7263 -patch in the treatment of a @entity19 @entity320 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male C57BL6 @entity19 were divided into two groups: treated and control. Superficial @entity5 were induced in both groups by injecting B16F1 @entity320 at about 10 cells/ @entity19 subcutaneously. @entity5 developed 10-15 days after transplantation and the @entity7263 -patch was applied on palpable @entity5 of the treated group. @entity5 growth was followed up in both groups by measuring @entity5 size with a caliper. After the follow-up period, the animals were killed and @entity5 samples of the treated and control groups were collected for histological study by preparing paraffin sections stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 . RESULTS: The @entity7263 -patch showed the absence of radioactivity leakage in vitro and the homogeneous distribution of the radionuclide. The skin surface at the application site of the @entity7263 -patch appeared hairless, and erythema developed, but reversed to normal after a few days in the treated group. Control of @entity5 growth was achieved in the treated group compared with the control group, although complete remission did not occur. CONCLUSION: The @entity7263 -patch tested for the treatment of a @entity19 @entity320 model showed its efficacy, as @entity5 growth was retarded after application of the patch Nevertheless, adjustment of some therapeutic parameters and/or combining the patch with other treatment modalities may be necessary to achieve complete regression. The P-patch represents a powerful tool to individualize the treatment of @entity320 .

title: Radioactive treatment of a @entity19 XXXX using a @entity7263 -patch.

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of a @entity7263 -patch in the treatment of a @entity19 @entity320 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male C57BL6 @entity19 were divided into two groups: treated and control. Superficial @entity5 were induced in both groups by injecting B16F1 @entity320 at about 10 cells/ @entity19 subcutaneously. @entity5 developed 10-15 days after transplantation and the @entity7263 -patch was applied on palpable @entity5 of the treated group. @entity5 growth was followed up in both groups by measuring @entity5 size with a caliper. After the follow-up period, the animals were killed and @entity5 samples of the treated and control groups were collected for histological study by preparing paraffin sections stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 . RESULTS: The @entity7263 -patch showed the absence of radioactivity leakage in vitro and the homogeneous distribution of the radionuclide. The skin surface at the application site of the @entity7263 -patch appeared hairless, and erythema developed, but reversed to normal after a few days in the treated group. Control of @entity5 growth was achieved in the treated group compared with the control group, although complete remission did not occur. CONCLUSION: The @entity7263 -patch tested for the treatment of a @entity19 @entity320 model showed its efficacy, as @entity5 growth was retarded after application of the patch Nevertheless, adjustment of some therapeutic parameters and/or combining the patch with other treatment modalities may be necessary to achieve complete regression. The P-patch represents a powerful tool to individualize the treatment of @entity320 .

title: Radioactive treatment of a XXXX @entity320 using a @entity7263 -patch.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: AIM: After having read the articles by Treasure and Beshay about the particular incidence of @entity5229 ( @entity5229 ) in @entity1 with daily consumption of Cannabis the authors took a strictly control of these subjects reviewing their personal experience in the treatment of this condition. In particular, the prevalence of @entity5229 has been evaluated through genomic assay of monocorial twins. The strong impact of the inflammatory phenomena that have always supported the @entity2415 burning is 10 time higher among worldwide population and @entity1 with @entity5229 . METHODS: In order to determine the real incidence of @entity5229 in @entity1 with proved daily assumption of Cannabis a retrospective analysis of @entity1 with history of Cannabis @entity734 has been performed. In the period from January 2002 and June 2007,12 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5229 and history of @entity835 were enrolled. Selection criteria were: 1) age <16 years; 2) single-sided @entity5229 ; 3) history of daily Cannabis assumption. @entity1 with previous thoracic surgery/trauma and positive anamnesis for other drug assumption (ODA), snorkelling or work exposition to pollutions were excluded. In order to avoid the clinical overlapping of pathology and clinical symptoms due to other factors, @entity1 with @entity1143 and documented similar episodes were excluded. This series focused on particular on twins. In all the @entity1 an @entity5274 was inserted, and 3 @entity1 underwent toracostomy. RESULTS: No operatory mortality and/or complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The role of the thoracic surgeon is important to sensitize on the problem of the circulation of light drugs among young @entity1 and their effects on the lung activity.

title: [Pneumotorax and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous pneumothorax', 'SP']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['Cannabis abuse']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['endopleuric drainage tube']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['cannabis']


abstract: The disease of addiction is upon us and it is obvious that the elderly are not immune. There is every reason to believe from early reports that the elderly respond favorably to treatment, perhaps more so than their younger counterparts. It is believed that treating @entity734 as a @entity66 rather than as a symptom of something else has been a great boon in terms of improving recovery rates. Furthermore, group therapy is the main component of treatment in rehabilitation, as it affords the greatest opportunity to shift the @entity734 on chemical to a @entity734 on @entity1 beings. The physician is in a key position to help the elderly, because so many elderly need and use medical care. Intervention is highly recommended if the doctor is knowledgeable and skilled in this area and is willing to kindly confront the @entity1 with a somewhat undesirable diagnosis. Rehabilitation regimens are becoming more plentiful throughout the country. If services are unavailable, however, there is always AA to fall back on or to recommend initially. Remember, fully one third of all AA members are older than 50 and that it is a source of acceptance, support, and an opportunity to depend on @entity1 beings instead of psychoactive chemicals. Remember too that few @entity1 with addiction recover by themselves. It is worth remembering that this is an incurable disease in that once addicted, it is unlikely that anyone can ever use socially psychoactive chemical substances again. Use of psychoactive chemicals is fraught with danger for the physician and the @entity1 and indeed may place the physician at risk for malpractice. There is great satisfaction to be gained from helping those afflicted with @entity988 and other @entity734 . The gratitude displayed by those receiving help for this affliction is truly remarkable and one that will leave the clinician with a sense of "a job well done."

title: @entity988 and other XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['chemical dependency', 'dependence', 'drug dependencies']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug dependencies']


abstract: The disease of addiction is upon us and it is obvious that the elderly are not immune. There is every reason to believe from early reports that the elderly respond favorably to treatment, perhaps more so than their younger counterparts. It is believed that treating @entity734 as a @entity66 rather than as a symptom of something else has been a great boon in terms of improving recovery rates. Furthermore, group therapy is the main component of treatment in rehabilitation, as it affords the greatest opportunity to shift the @entity734 on chemical to a @entity734 on @entity1 beings. The physician is in a key position to help the elderly, because so many elderly need and use medical care. Intervention is highly recommended if the doctor is knowledgeable and skilled in this area and is willing to kindly confront the @entity1 with a somewhat undesirable diagnosis. Rehabilitation regimens are becoming more plentiful throughout the country. If services are unavailable, however, there is always AA to fall back on or to recommend initially. Remember, fully one third of all AA members are older than 50 and that it is a source of acceptance, support, and an opportunity to depend on @entity1 beings instead of psychoactive chemicals. Remember too that few @entity1 with addiction recover by themselves. It is worth remembering that this is an incurable disease in that once addicted, it is unlikely that anyone can ever use socially psychoactive chemical substances again. Use of psychoactive chemicals is fraught with danger for the physician and the @entity1 and indeed may place the physician at risk for malpractice. There is great satisfaction to be gained from helping those afflicted with @entity988 and other @entity734 . The gratitude displayed by those receiving help for this affliction is truly remarkable and one that will leave the clinician with a sense of "a job well done."

title: XXXX and other @entity734 .

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['Alcoholism']


abstract: Because of complex variables and unsettled treatment issues, a standardized prescription for imaging the acutely traumatized kidney cannot be written. Imaging considerations are based on treatment considerations and will vary from place to place, from @entity1 to @entity1 , from physician to physician, and even from time to time in the same institution. The condition of the @entity1 , the availability of resources and personnel, and (especially) whether existing treatment policy is conservative or aggressive will govern the selection of studies. Above all, since the kidney may be only one of several organs requiring immediate investigation, it is always the totality of the situation that sets the tone for the imaging process. A synthesis of prevailing thought is depicted diagrammatically in Figure 2 and is summarized as follows: CT is the most informative radiologic study in renal @entity130 and is the examination of choice in @entity1 suspected of having serious @entity8 or associated injuries amenable to CT evaluation. CT is wasteful, however, in the stable, asymptomatic @entity1 who is perceived to have only a minor, exclusively @entity8 . Here, excretory urography is an acceptable alternative. Most of these @entity1 will have normal findings at urography, all but ruling out significant @entity8 . The vast majority of @entity1 will fall into this category but for those whose urograms do not provide adequate information for management, CT is performed next. Sonography and radionuclide imaging, while advocated in some quarters, do not enjoy wide acceptance in the United States as first-line triage studies. They are usually reserved for selected situations, mainly for follow-up. Arteriography still has a place, primarily in preoperative road mapping, and for therapeutic interventions such as embolization of bleeding vessels and @entity2548 . The role of MR imaging has yet to be defined. The choice of imaging in renal @entity130 requires discretion, judgement, and common sense. Standard protocols are useful, but there is a place for flexibility and the customizing of individual approaches.

title: Imaging of renal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injuries', 'renal damage', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adding genotypes from seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which had previously been associated with @entity0 , to the National @entity5 Institute's Breast @entity5 Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT) increases the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve from 0.607 to 0.632. METHODS: Criteria that are based on four clinical or public health applications were used to compare BCRAT with BCRATplus7, which includes the seven genotypes. Criteria included number of expected life-threatening events for the decision to take @entity440 , expected decision losses (in units of the loss from giving a mammogram to a @entity1 without detectable @entity0 ) for the decision to have a mammogram, rates of risk reclassification, and number of lives saved by risk-based allocation of screening mammography. For all calculations, the following assumptions were made: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, linkage equilibrium across SNPs, additive effects of alleles at each locus, no interactions on the logistic scale among SNPs or with factors in BCRAT, and independence of SNPs from factors in BCRAT. RESULTS: Improvements in expected numbers of life-threatening events were only 0.07% and 0.81% for deciding whether to take @entity440 to prevent @entity0 for @entity1 aged 50-59 and 40-49 years, respectively. For deciding whether to recommend screening mammograms to @entity1 aged 50-54 years, the reduction in expected losses was 0.86% if the ideal @entity0 prevalence threshold for recommending mammography was that of @entity1 aged 50-54 years. Cross-classification of risks indicated that some @entity1 classified by BCRAT would have different classifications with BCRATplus7, which might be useful if BCRATplus7 was well calibrated. Improvements from BCRATplus7 were small for risk-based allocation of mammograms under costs constraints. CONCLUSIONS: The gains from BCRATplus7 are small in the applications examined. Models with SNPs, such as BCRATplus7, have not been validated for calibration in independent cohort data. Additional studies are needed to validate a model with SNPs and justify its use.

title: Value of adding single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes to a XXXX risk model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In two separate sets of experiments, the phases of the locomotor activity rhythm of the nocturnal field @entity19 Mus booduga were probed using two light pulses (LPs). In the first set of experiments, the circadian pacemaker underlying the locomotor activity rhythm was perturbed at circadian time 14 (CT 14) using a resetting light pulse @entity73075 of 1000 lux intensity and 15 min duration. The phases of the resetting pacemaker were then probed at all even CTs between CT 16 and CT 14 using a PRC probing light pulse LP2 of equal strength. The "LP2 PRC" thus obtained was then compared with the single light pulse PRC in terms of the area under delay (D) and advance (A) zones of the PRCs. The time course and waveform of the two LP PRCs suggest that the LP2 PRC resembled the single LP PRC, displaced by 2 h toward the right. The @entity73075 PRC had smaller D compared to the single LP PRC (p = 0.007), whereas both the PRCs had A of equal magnitude (p = 0.23). This suggests that the pacemaker phase shifts rapidly after LP perturbations. In the second set of experiments, the @entity73075 was administered at CT 14. The phase of the pacemaker was then perturbed on day 1 (next cycle after @entity73075 ) either 2 h after activity onset (at ca. CT 14 of the transient cycle) or 8 h after activity onset (at ca. CT 20 of the transient cycle) using an LP2 of equal strength. It was observed that the steady-state phase shifts evoked by positioning an LP2, 2 h after activity onset, were positively correlated with the phase shifts observed on day 1. The steady-state phase shifts observed, when the LP2 was positioned, 8 h after activity onset, were negatively correlated with the phase shifts observed on day 1. These results suggest that the transient cycles do not mirror the state of the pacemaker oscillator.

title: Probing the circadian pacemaker of a XXXX using two light pulses.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIMS: During pregnancy, @entity3964 @entity311 is frequent and associated with maternofetal complications. This could be the consequence of sequestration by several adhesion molecules of parasite-infected red blood cells in syncytiotrophoblast. To investigate the expression of ICAM-1 and CD36, two of the adhesion molecules for @entity3964 , an immunohistochemical study was carried out in @entity311 -infected placentas. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-five infected and 35 noninfected samples were chosen randomly. According to the histological classification of Bulmer, the infected placentas were separated in three groups: active, active chronic and @entity281 . CD36 was localized in the cytoplasm of stromal cells of terminal villi of infected or noninfected placentas, but not in syncytiotrophoblast. ICAM-1 was detected in the cytoplasm of stromal and endothelial villous cells in both infected and noninfected placentas and in syncytiotrophoblast of eight infected placentas showing more frequently active than active chronic or @entity281 (P < 0.001). The percentage of cells immunostained for CD36 or ICAM-1 was evaluated in the terminal villi. The proportion of villous cells, with ICAM-1 and CD36 immunostaining, was significantly higher in infected vs. noninfected placentas (P < 0.0001) and CD36 was detected more in acute inflammatory vs. past-chronic inflammatory placentas (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The higher expression of ICAM-1 in infected placentas and its localization in syncytiotrophoblast particularly during @entity697 , suggest ICAM-1 can act directly in the sequestration of parasite-infected red blood cells (IRBCs). On the other hand, the expression of CD36 is influenced by the presence of IRBCs without being directly implicated in sequestration of IRBCs. The hyperexpression of these two molecules could explain the high frequency of @entity311 during pregnancy.

title: Hyperexpression of ICAM-1 and CD36 in placentas infected with XXXX : a possible role of these molecules in sequestration of infected red blood cells in placentas.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['past-chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: Measles, mumps and @entity2462 (MMR) vaccination was included in the Danish childhood vaccination programme in 1987. During the following 10-y period, 550 notification records of adverse events after MMR vaccination at 15 mo of age have been registered, and a total of 41 notifications have included "gait disturbance". This corresponds to a frequency of 8 per 100,000 doses of MMR vaccine used for 15-mo-old @entity1 . The symptoms and signs are characteristic of @entity6447 . In 28 notifications, the descriptions by the doctors included only "gait disturbance", while in 13 an additional interpretation was included. Thirty-two parents (78%) filled in a questionnaire and 26 (63%) agreed to participate in a clinical follow-up study. The gait disturbance symptoms mainly occurred 7-14 d after the vaccination, and the duration was median 1-2 wk (range 1 d to more than 4 mo). One-third of the @entity1 had symptoms lasting more than 2 wk. Significantly more @entity1 with long duration of symptoms had some kind of complaint or clinical signs at the follow-up in 1997. Gait disturbance registered after MMR vaccination seems to be more frequent than hitherto reported. Most cases are mild and short-lasting and a longer duration of symptoms seems to be predictive of late sequelae. A clinical diagnosis of @entity6447 after MMR and the exact frequency of this adverse event remains to be tested in prospective studies.

title: Gait disturbance interpreted as XXXX after MMR vaccination at 15 months of age: a follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

answer: @entity6447 :: (MESH:D002524,Disease) :: ['cerebellar ataxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether decision support software can help primary care physicians proficiently triage lesions suggestive of basal cell and @entity957 . DESIGN/MEASURES: Physicians selected triage options for 15 digitized images of @entity272 , with and without use of the decision support software. @entity1 /SETTINGS: Twenty primary care physicians practicing in a health maintenance organization or a city health clinic. INTERVENTION: Decision support software designed to help physicians arrive at a triage recommendation consisted of a clinical information form, a decision tree, and support features (teaching points, example images, and diagrams). RESULTS: Without using the decision support software, physicians chose the wrong triage decision 36.7% of the time; using the decision support software, they chose the wrong response only 13.3% of the time. Not using the decision support software, they failed to correctly perform a biopsy on or refer @entity1 with @entity5 22.1% of the time; using the software, they failed to correctly perform a biopsy on or refer @entity1 with @entity5 only 3.6% of the time. Physicians scored an average of 3 points (of a possible 15 points) higher when they used the software (signed rank, 101.0; P<.001). They scored an average of 1 point higher on the 7 @entity5 when they used the software (signed rank, 65.5; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Use of decision support software could improve primary care physicians' triage decisions for lesions suggestive of @entity1489 , and potentially reduce morbidity and health care costs. We are designing a larger study to evaluate the accuracy and utility of the software with @entity1 seen in clinical practice.

title: Decision support software to help primary XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['care physicians triage skin cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differentiation between @entity3483 is often difficult. Serum level of Cyfra 21-1, a marker of @entity4166 fragments, has been used in the diagnosis and monitoring of epithelial @entity5 , especially @entity153 . AIM: This study is designed to establish the usefulness of effusion Cyfra 21-1 level in differentiating malignant from benign effusions. METHODS: Forty-eight malignant effusion aspirates (proven by cytology or pleural biopsy) and 34 benign samples were compared. Cyfra 21-1 concentration was measured by a solid phase sandwich radioimmunoassay (Centocur, USA). RESULTS: Cyfra 21-1 level was significantly higher in malignant effusions (geometric mean 123.6 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] 76.6-199.4) than in benign ones (geometric mean 14.3 ng/mL, 95% CI 8.5-23.9), p<0.00005. By Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis, the sensitivity is 77% for a specificity of 79% if the cut-off is set at 32 ng/mL. No significant difference was observed (p=0.1) in Cyfra 21-1 concentration between @entity420 and @entity2615 effusions. Cyfra 21-1 level was not influenced by the effusion protein concentration (r=0.29), or by renal function as measured by serum @entity1011 (r=0.1). There was no significant difference between Cyfra 21-1 levels in benign exudate and transudate effusions, p=0.28. CONCLUSIONS: Cyfra 21-1 is a useful adjunct in the workup of effusions but should not replace conventional investigations as there is considerable overlap in levels between benign and malignant groups. It is unable to differentiate between subgroups of @entity5 .

title: Use of cytokeratin fragments 19.1 and 19.21 (Cyfra 21-1) in the differentiation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant and benign pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant and benign pleural effusions']


abstract: In pathogenic @entity1838 , at least 17 genes are co-ordinately regulated by ToxR. Most of these genes, including those that encode cholera toxin (CT), @entity325 ( @entity325 ), @entity694 ( @entity694 ) and OmpU, are positively regulated. OmpT is the only identified protein under negative regulation of ToxR. To understand the molecular mechanism by which ToxR represses OmpT expression, we cloned ompT and characterized the ompT promoter and its interaction with ToxR. Sequence analysis revealed that ompT encodes a predicted 35.8 kDa outer membrane porin of @entity1838 . Primer extension analysis identified a transcriptional start site 104 bp upstream of the translational start codon. Both primer extension analysis and promoter fusion studies showed that ToxR represses OmpT expression at the transcriptional level. Promoter fusion studies also suggest that @entity1919 receptor protein (CRP) is involved in ompT activation. Gel mobility shift assays combined with DNase I footprinting analysis demonstrated that ToxR mediates repression of ompT transcription by directly binding to an A/T-rich region between -95 and -30 of the ompT promoter. To further understand how the interaction of ToxR with different promoters results in its function as an activator or repressor, we have also mapped the regions on the ctxAB and toxT promoters to which ToxR binds. The regions protected by ToxR on each of these promoters are all A/T rich and large in size, although they are positioned differently relative to each transcriptional start site.

title: Molecular cloning and transcriptional regulation of ompT, a ToxR-repressed gene in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['accessory colonization factor', 'ACF']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['TCP', 'toxin co-regulated pilus']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'Vibrio cholerae']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']


abstract: The aim of this study was to reveal the association of serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels with @entity2931 receptor (ER) Xba I and Pvu II polymorphisms in 102 healthy Japanese school @entity1 (56M, 46F) aged 10-15 y. Each genotype of the genomic DNA extracted from peripheral leukocytes was determined using polymerase chain reaction and digestion with Xba I or Pvu II. The genotypes were coded as either @entity3881 (Pvu II), when XI, P1 signified the absence of and X2, P2 the presence of restriction sites. The fasting serum total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , @entity412 and @entity44088 were measured. In the Xba I polymorphism, LDL @entity165 , @entity755 levels of the XI/XI genotype were significantly higher than those of the others. The other lipid and apolipoprotein levels were not significantly different among the three genotypes. In the Pvu II polymorphism, there were no significant differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins among the three genotypes. This study reveals that Xba I polymorphisms are related to LDL metabolism. These findings support previous reports that the LDL-lowering effects of @entity2931 occur through the ER (alpha) pathway. The Xba I polymorphism may be one of the genetic factors in the control of LDL metabolism.

title: Association of serum low-density lipoprotein metabolism with XXXX receptor gene polymorphisms in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity44088 :: ('338;348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoproteins A1, B and E']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: The aim of this study was to reveal the association of serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels with @entity2931 receptor (ER) Xba I and Pvu II polymorphisms in 102 healthy Japanese school @entity1 (56M, 46F) aged 10-15 y. Each genotype of the genomic DNA extracted from peripheral leukocytes was determined using polymerase chain reaction and digestion with Xba I or Pvu II. The genotypes were coded as either @entity3881 (Pvu II), when XI, P1 signified the absence of and X2, P2 the presence of restriction sites. The fasting serum total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , @entity412 and @entity44088 were measured. In the Xba I polymorphism, LDL @entity165 , @entity755 levels of the XI/XI genotype were significantly higher than those of the others. The other lipid and apolipoprotein levels were not significantly different among the three genotypes. In the Pvu II polymorphism, there were no significant differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins among the three genotypes. This study reveals that Xba I polymorphisms are related to LDL metabolism. These findings support previous reports that the LDL-lowering effects of @entity2931 occur through the ER (alpha) pathway. The Xba I polymorphism may be one of the genetic factors in the control of LDL metabolism.

title: Association of serum low-density lipoprotein metabolism with @entity2931 receptor gene polymorphisms in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that a newborn @entity1 's cry can be used in conjunction with an instrument to measure @entity158 . Crying due to @entity158 was analysed after a heel-prick stimulus. In a prospective, descriptive study, 50 healthy newborn @entity1 were subjected to a heel-prick for @entity814 screening. Their cries of @entity158 were recorded and analysed. Duration of the crying sound was analysed and, using a sound spectrogram, the fundamental frequency and the cry melody of the first five cry sounds were analysed. The analysis showed that the crying sound after the painful stimulus of the heel-prick had a significantly higher fundamental frequency and lasted longer at the first than at the fifth cry. The first cry had a more varied crying melody than the fifth. There were large differences between individual cries from a single @entity1 , as well as in the duration of each cry, total crying time, and fundamental frequencies between @entity1 . While the first cry was more like a cry of @entity158 , the fifth cry more resembled crying for reasons other than @entity158 . The results suggest that newborn @entity1 react to @entity158 in a recognizable way. However, other stimuli may cause a similar reaction. Crying can therefore be used to measure @entity158 in newborn @entity1 only when the cause of crying is known.

title: Newborn XXXX ' cry after heel-prick: analysis with sound spectrogram.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['phenylketonuria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Computed tomographic (CT) scanning can reveal the pattern and severity of structural @entity75 after @entity542 . With the proliferation of CT scanners in general hospitals, and with improvements in @entity1 transport, the interval from injury to the first CT scan is decreasing. The potential result is an "admission" scan missing an evolving and potentially operable lesion. Furthermore, the literature is confusing regarding the timing and coding of CT findings. We sought to establish the frequency of deterioration in CT appearance from an admission scan to subsequent scans and the prognostic significance of such deterioration. METHODS: In a survey organized by the European @entity1545 Consortium, data on initial severity, management, and subsequent outcome were gathered prospectively for 1005 @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity542 admitted to one of 67 European neurosurgical units during a 3-month period in 1995. The findings of the @entity1613 scan were classified according to the @entity772 Data Bank system and were related to outcome as assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale 6 months after injury. RESULTS: Data on an initial and a final CT scan were available for 897 @entity1 ; of these, 724 @entity1 were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months. The initial CT findings were classified as a @entity131 for 53% of the cohort, with 16% of these @entity131 demonstrating deterioration on a subsequent scan. In 56 (74%) of 76 deteriorations, the change was from a @entity131 to a @entity66 . When the initial CT scan demonstrated a @entity131 without swelling or shift, evolution to a @entity66 was associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of an unfavorable outcome (62% versus 38%). When the initial scan demonstrated evidence of swelling or shift, there was a nonsignificant trend in the opposite direction, although the numbers were limited. CONCLUSION: When an admission CT scan demonstrates evidence of a @entity131 , follow-up scans should be performed, because approximately one in six such @entity1 will demonstrate significant CT evolution. In studies comparing series of head-injured @entity1 , correspondence of timing of CT scans is necessary for valid comparison.

title: The value of the "worst" computed tomographic scan in clinical studies of moderate and severe XXXX . European @entity1545 Consortium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse injuries', 'diffuse injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic Coma']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial and the final ("worst") CT']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Computed tomographic (CT) scanning can reveal the pattern and severity of structural @entity75 after @entity542 . With the proliferation of CT scanners in general hospitals, and with improvements in @entity1 transport, the interval from injury to the first CT scan is decreasing. The potential result is an "admission" scan missing an evolving and potentially operable lesion. Furthermore, the literature is confusing regarding the timing and coding of CT findings. We sought to establish the frequency of deterioration in CT appearance from an admission scan to subsequent scans and the prognostic significance of such deterioration. METHODS: In a survey organized by the European @entity1545 Consortium, data on initial severity, management, and subsequent outcome were gathered prospectively for 1005 @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity542 admitted to one of 67 European neurosurgical units during a 3-month period in 1995. The findings of the @entity1613 scan were classified according to the @entity772 Data Bank system and were related to outcome as assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale 6 months after injury. RESULTS: Data on an initial and a final CT scan were available for 897 @entity1 ; of these, 724 @entity1 were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months. The initial CT findings were classified as a @entity131 for 53% of the cohort, with 16% of these @entity131 demonstrating deterioration on a subsequent scan. In 56 (74%) of 76 deteriorations, the change was from a @entity131 to a @entity66 . When the initial CT scan demonstrated a @entity131 without swelling or shift, evolution to a @entity66 was associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of an unfavorable outcome (62% versus 38%). When the initial scan demonstrated evidence of swelling or shift, there was a nonsignificant trend in the opposite direction, although the numbers were limited. CONCLUSION: When an admission CT scan demonstrates evidence of a @entity131 , follow-up scans should be performed, because approximately one in six such @entity1 will demonstrate significant CT evolution. In studies comparing series of head-injured @entity1 , correspondence of timing of CT scans is necessary for valid comparison.

title: The value of the "worst" computed tomographic scan in clinical studies of moderate and severe @entity542 . European XXXX Consortium.

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['Brain Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a new, rare clinical complication after routine excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy to correct @entity3467 . DESIGN: Case report with clinicopathologic correlation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Four weeks after treatment with excimer laser, a perforating keratoplasty was performed for persistent @entity5575 . The corneal button was examined using light and electron microscopy. Special immunohistochemical stains were used to detect apoptosis. RESULTS: The @entity1 developed @entity5575 , endothelial precipitates, and a fibrinous exudate in the anterior chamber after the laser treatment. The changes did not respond to therapy directed against bacteria, fungi, and Acanthamoeba. All examinations and special stains were negative for micro-organisms. By light microscopy, an anterior zone of @entity39 was present with a moderate amount of acute inflammatory cells. At the interface between necrotic and viable corneal stroma, keratocytes with typical features of apoptosis were detected by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. CONCLUSION: This is the first full histopathologic report of a case of @entity7592 with signs of apoptosis after excimer laser therapy of the @entity267 . Surgeons should be aware of this rare but potentially severe complication.

title: Acute XXXX after excimer laser keratectomy for @entity3467 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['corneal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacities']

entities_list: @entity7592 :: ('MESH:D015882', 'Disease') :: ['acute corneal necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['corneal necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a new, rare clinical complication after routine excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy to correct @entity3467 . DESIGN: Case report with clinicopathologic correlation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Four weeks after treatment with excimer laser, a perforating keratoplasty was performed for persistent @entity5575 . The corneal button was examined using light and electron microscopy. Special immunohistochemical stains were used to detect apoptosis. RESULTS: The @entity1 developed @entity5575 , endothelial precipitates, and a fibrinous exudate in the anterior chamber after the laser treatment. The changes did not respond to therapy directed against bacteria, fungi, and Acanthamoeba. All examinations and special stains were negative for micro-organisms. By light microscopy, an anterior zone of @entity39 was present with a moderate amount of acute inflammatory cells. At the interface between necrotic and viable corneal stroma, keratocytes with typical features of apoptosis were detected by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. CONCLUSION: This is the first full histopathologic report of a case of @entity7592 with signs of apoptosis after excimer laser therapy of the @entity267 . Surgeons should be aware of this rare but potentially severe complication.

title: Acute @entity39 after excimer laser keratectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3467 :: (MESH:D006956,Disease) :: ['hyperopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of third ventriculostomies for adult @entity1 with @entity1276 caused by @entity1276 . METHODS: Eighteen of 64 @entity1 who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomies (ETVs) between June 1991 and July 1995 were treated because of @entity1276 . All of these @entity1 accepted follow-up investigations, which were performed 3 months to 5 years after surgery. If hydrocephalic symptoms persisted, the patency of the ventriculostomy was investigated; in cases of open ventriculostomies, the @entity1 were offered shunt surgery. The effects of the shunt surgery were evaluated after 3 months. RESULTS: After ETV, nine of the @entity1 exhibited excellent improvements, two exhibited slight improvements, one displayed no change, and six demonstrated temporary improvements. The ventriculostomies were patent in all nine @entity1 who experienced less than excellent results. Subsequent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement produced improvements for all seven @entity1 who accepted the surgery. CONCLUSION: In our experience, the long-term effectiveness of ETVs for adult @entity1 with noncommunicating @entity1276 was sufficient in only 50% of the cases. One-third of the @entity1 exhibited temporary improvements, lasting 1 to 12 months (average duration, 5 mo) after the ETVs, and then demonstrated deterioration to even worse clinical conditions, despite patent ventriculostomies. All @entity1 who did not exhibit permanent improvements after the ETVs benefited from shunt surgery. Efforts should be made to establish methods for the selection of @entity1 for ETV or ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery.

title: How effective is endoscopic third ventriculostomy in treating adult XXXX caused by @entity1276 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['primary aqueductal stenosis', 'hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of third ventriculostomies for adult @entity1 with @entity1276 caused by @entity1276 . METHODS: Eighteen of 64 @entity1 who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomies (ETVs) between June 1991 and July 1995 were treated because of @entity1276 . All of these @entity1 accepted follow-up investigations, which were performed 3 months to 5 years after surgery. If hydrocephalic symptoms persisted, the patency of the ventriculostomy was investigated; in cases of open ventriculostomies, the @entity1 were offered shunt surgery. The effects of the shunt surgery were evaluated after 3 months. RESULTS: After ETV, nine of the @entity1 exhibited excellent improvements, two exhibited slight improvements, one displayed no change, and six demonstrated temporary improvements. The ventriculostomies were patent in all nine @entity1 who experienced less than excellent results. Subsequent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement produced improvements for all seven @entity1 who accepted the surgery. CONCLUSION: In our experience, the long-term effectiveness of ETVs for adult @entity1 with noncommunicating @entity1276 was sufficient in only 50% of the cases. One-third of the @entity1 exhibited temporary improvements, lasting 1 to 12 months (average duration, 5 mo) after the ETVs, and then demonstrated deterioration to even worse clinical conditions, despite patent ventriculostomies. All @entity1 who did not exhibit permanent improvements after the ETVs benefited from shunt surgery. Efforts should be made to establish methods for the selection of @entity1 for ETV or ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery.

title: How effective is endoscopic third ventriculostomy in treating adult @entity1276 caused by XXXX ?

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['primary aqueductal stenosis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was a retrospective evaluation of the treatment of @entity8205 using the @entity3971 chemical peel technique. @entity1 were treated with standard Baker formula in the operating room under general anesthesia or intravenous sedation with continuous electrocardiogram monitoring. A total of 20 @entity1 were reviewed (13 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 , mean age 3.8 years). Eight @entity1 had nevi located on the face, five @entity1 had @entity75 , and three @entity1 had lesions on the thighs. Two @entity1 had nevi located on both the face and the trunk, and two @entity1 had involvement of the face, trunk, and thigh. Three of the above @entity1 had the classic "bathing trunk" distribution of the nevi. A test area was peeled in four @entity1 , and in five @entity1 preoperative biopsies were performed to rule out malignancy before initiation of therapy. An average of 2.6 treatments were performed per @entity1 . Two @entity1 had adjunctive dermabrasion to increase the depth of peel and to contour surface irregularities. The length of follow-up ranged from 6 to 84 months with a mean of 28 months. Healing of the wounds occurred within 2 to 3 weeks postoperatively. Seventy-five percent of @entity1 had satisfactory cosmetic improvement in the appearance of the lesions following treatment. Four @entity1 had recurrence of the pigmentation after an initial lightening response, three of whom had their nevi subsequently excised. There was no incidence of @entity1184 scarring or @entity299 . There was one death from complications of @entity3554 . Chemical peeling of @entity8205 is an acceptable alternative method of therapy for those lesions that are too large for excision and primary closure or for lesions in which excision would result in unacceptable scars in areas such as the face.

title: Adjunctive treatment of XXXX with @entity3971 chemical peel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['trunk lesions']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['congenital pigmented nevi']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and/or renal complications']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal melanocytosis']

answer: @entity8205 :: (MESH:D009508,Disease) :: ['congenital pigmented nevi']


abstract: The purpose of this study was a retrospective evaluation of the treatment of @entity8205 using the @entity3971 chemical peel technique. @entity1 were treated with standard Baker formula in the operating room under general anesthesia or intravenous sedation with continuous electrocardiogram monitoring. A total of 20 @entity1 were reviewed (13 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 , mean age 3.8 years). Eight @entity1 had nevi located on the face, five @entity1 had @entity75 , and three @entity1 had lesions on the thighs. Two @entity1 had nevi located on both the face and the trunk, and two @entity1 had involvement of the face, trunk, and thigh. Three of the above @entity1 had the classic "bathing trunk" distribution of the nevi. A test area was peeled in four @entity1 , and in five @entity1 preoperative biopsies were performed to rule out malignancy before initiation of therapy. An average of 2.6 treatments were performed per @entity1 . Two @entity1 had adjunctive dermabrasion to increase the depth of peel and to contour surface irregularities. The length of follow-up ranged from 6 to 84 months with a mean of 28 months. Healing of the wounds occurred within 2 to 3 weeks postoperatively. Seventy-five percent of @entity1 had satisfactory cosmetic improvement in the appearance of the lesions following treatment. Four @entity1 had recurrence of the pigmentation after an initial lightening response, three of whom had their nevi subsequently excised. There was no incidence of @entity1184 scarring or @entity299 . There was one death from complications of @entity3554 . Chemical peeling of @entity8205 is an acceptable alternative method of therapy for those lesions that are too large for excision and primary closure or for lesions in which excision would result in unacceptable scars in areas such as the face.

title: Adjunctive treatment of @entity8205 with XXXX chemical peel.

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['phenol']


abstract: In previous experiments, we observed signs of @entity712 in @entity19 overexpressing @entity14694 ( @entity14694 ) under the control of a muscle specific promotor and in peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha ( @entity3229 ) knockout @entity19 overexpressing @entity14694 under the control of the same promotor. In our current investigations, we focussed on morphological consequences and changes in mRNA and protein expression in hearts from these animals. mRNA expression was analysed by differential display analysis and Northern blot as well as by cDNA microarray analysis followed by pathway analysis. Protein expression was examined using immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. @entity82 was determined by chromotrope @entity9308 blue staining for collagen. A distinct increase in the expression of alpha-tubulin mRNA was noted in hearts of all mutant @entity19 strains compared with the control. This result was paralleled by increased alpha-tubulin protein expression. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we detected an activation of apoptosis, in particular an increase of @entity185 expression in hearts of @entity19 overexpressing @entity14694 but not in @entity3229 knockout @entity19 overexpressing @entity14694 . This finding was confirmed immunohistochemically. In addition, we identified a distinct interstitial increase in collagen and an increase around blood vessels. In our @entity19 model, we detect mRNA and protein changes typical for @entity296 even before overt clinical signs of @entity712 . In addition, a small but distinct increase in the rate of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and fibrotic changes contributes to @entity712 in @entity19 overexpressing @entity14694 , whereas additional deficiency in @entity3229 seems to protect hearts from these effects.

title: Apoptosis and @entity82 are early features of XXXX in an animal model of @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']