abstract: In previous studies, we demonstrated that the diphtheria toxin-urokinase fusion protein DTAT was selectively toxic to @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) cell lines overexpressing the @entity10431 urokinase receptor. In the present study, we analyzed the sensitivity of @entity1 leukemic progenitors to DTAT and correlated the sensitivity with @entity10431 expression. We isolated @entity1778 by density gradient centrifugation and performed immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and blast sensitivity measurements by inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation in semisolid media. We found @entity10431 overexpression in 18 (25%) of 71 @entity1 leukemic blast samples, including 18 (28%) of 64 @entity5 and 0 (0%) of 7 @entity706 . DTAT was toxic to @entity1 @entity1778 by both proliferation inhibition (IC50 <or=1 nM DTAT in 18/69 evaluable samples) and colony formation inhibition (>85% inhibition by 10 nM DTAT in 11/41 evaluable samples). Only @entity3052 and @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) blast crisis blasts (18/61 [30%]) were sensitive to DTAT by the proliferation inhibition assay. @entity706 and @entity2212 ( @entity6130 ) progenitors were insensitive to DTAT by the proliferation inhibition assay (n = 7 and n = 3, respectively). Similarly, normal marrow progenitors were insensitive to DTAT by both proliferation inhibition (n = 2) and colony inhibition (n = 5) assays. The DTAT @entity137 measured by both proliferation inhibition assay and colony inhibition assay correlated with @entity10431 density (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively). DTAT @entity137 results were similar for @entity1778 measured by either of the two assays (p = 0.0002). This study provides the first evidence that a urokinase receptor targeted diphtheria fusion protein is toxic to @entity1 @entity3052 blasts. The work also suggests that blast proliferation assays yield similar responses to @entity1778 colony-forming cell colony assays.

title: Malignant progenitors from @entity1 with XXXX + @entity3052 are sensitive to a diphtheria toxin-urokinase fusion protein.

entities_list: @entity2212 :: ('MESH:D015466', 'Disease') :: ['chronic phase CML/chronic myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoid leukemia', 'lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic blasts', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity10431 :: (5329,Gene) :: ['CD87']


abstract: In previous studies, we demonstrated that the diphtheria toxin-urokinase fusion protein DTAT was selectively toxic to @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) cell lines overexpressing the @entity10431 urokinase receptor. In the present study, we analyzed the sensitivity of @entity1 leukemic progenitors to DTAT and correlated the sensitivity with @entity10431 expression. We isolated @entity1778 by density gradient centrifugation and performed immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and blast sensitivity measurements by inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation in semisolid media. We found @entity10431 overexpression in 18 (25%) of 71 @entity1 leukemic blast samples, including 18 (28%) of 64 @entity5 and 0 (0%) of 7 @entity706 . DTAT was toxic to @entity1 @entity1778 by both proliferation inhibition (IC50 <or=1 nM DTAT in 18/69 evaluable samples) and colony formation inhibition (>85% inhibition by 10 nM DTAT in 11/41 evaluable samples). Only @entity3052 and @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) blast crisis blasts (18/61 [30%]) were sensitive to DTAT by the proliferation inhibition assay. @entity706 and @entity2212 ( @entity6130 ) progenitors were insensitive to DTAT by the proliferation inhibition assay (n = 7 and n = 3, respectively). Similarly, normal marrow progenitors were insensitive to DTAT by both proliferation inhibition (n = 2) and colony inhibition (n = 5) assays. The DTAT @entity137 measured by both proliferation inhibition assay and colony inhibition assay correlated with @entity10431 density (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively). DTAT @entity137 results were similar for @entity1778 measured by either of the two assays (p = 0.0002). This study provides the first evidence that a urokinase receptor targeted diphtheria fusion protein is toxic to @entity1 @entity3052 blasts. The work also suggests that blast proliferation assays yield similar responses to @entity1778 colony-forming cell colony assays.

title: Malignant progenitors from @entity1 with @entity10431 + XXXX are sensitive to a diphtheria toxin-urokinase fusion protein.

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: In previous studies, we demonstrated that the diphtheria toxin-urokinase fusion protein DTAT was selectively toxic to @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) cell lines overexpressing the @entity10431 urokinase receptor. In the present study, we analyzed the sensitivity of @entity1 leukemic progenitors to DTAT and correlated the sensitivity with @entity10431 expression. We isolated @entity1778 by density gradient centrifugation and performed immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and blast sensitivity measurements by inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation in semisolid media. We found @entity10431 overexpression in 18 (25%) of 71 @entity1 leukemic blast samples, including 18 (28%) of 64 @entity5 and 0 (0%) of 7 @entity706 . DTAT was toxic to @entity1 @entity1778 by both proliferation inhibition (IC50 <or=1 nM DTAT in 18/69 evaluable samples) and colony formation inhibition (>85% inhibition by 10 nM DTAT in 11/41 evaluable samples). Only @entity3052 and @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) blast crisis blasts (18/61 [30%]) were sensitive to DTAT by the proliferation inhibition assay. @entity706 and @entity2212 ( @entity6130 ) progenitors were insensitive to DTAT by the proliferation inhibition assay (n = 7 and n = 3, respectively). Similarly, normal marrow progenitors were insensitive to DTAT by both proliferation inhibition (n = 2) and colony inhibition (n = 5) assays. The DTAT @entity137 measured by both proliferation inhibition assay and colony inhibition assay correlated with @entity10431 density (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively). DTAT @entity137 results were similar for @entity1778 measured by either of the two assays (p = 0.0002). This study provides the first evidence that a urokinase receptor targeted diphtheria fusion protein is toxic to @entity1 @entity3052 blasts. The work also suggests that blast proliferation assays yield similar responses to @entity1778 colony-forming cell colony assays.

title: Malignant progenitors from XXXX with @entity10431 + @entity3052 are sensitive to a diphtheria toxin-urokinase fusion protein.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and severity of complications that occur as a result of uterine artery embolization for @entity2909 . METHODS: As part of an ongoing study of outcome after uterine embolization, prospective data regarding complications that occurred in 400 consecutive @entity1 were gathered. Each @entity1 had a minimum of a 3-month interval from the procedure at the time of analysis. Each complication was categorized and graded as to severity and outcome using the complication classification developed by the Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology (SCVIR) and a modified set of The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) criteria for complications of hysterectomy and myomectomy. All adverse events that occurred during the follow-up period were included, including those that occurred after the 3-month minimum interval. Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each complication. RESULTS: There were no deaths and no major permanent @entity130 . One @entity1 required hysterectomy as a result of a complication, and one @entity1 had an undiagnosed @entity1822 . There were ten in-hospital complications and an additional 27 complications within the first 30 days, with 34 @entity1 experiencing a periprocedural complication for a rate of 8.5% (95% CI 6.0%, 11.7%). There were five serious complications (SCVIR class D), comprising 1.25% (95% CI 0.3%, 2.5%) of the study group. Using ACOG definitions for perioperative complications, the overall morbidity was 5% (95% CI 3.1%, 7.7%). CONCLUSION: The short-term complication rate was low in @entity1 undergoing uterine embolization.

title: Complications after uterine artery embolization for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['leiomyomas']


abstract: A greater understanding of radiobiology led to the development of two classes of radiation fractionation schedules for the treatment of @entity135 . The aim of accelerated fractionation is to reduce @entity5 proliferation, which is a major cause of relapse, by shortening the total duration of radiotherapy. By contrast, hyperfractionation exploits the differential sensitivity of @entity5 cells and normal tissues to radiation, to increase the therapeutic gain. The results of clinical trials of various types of altered fractionation schedules in @entity135 are examined in this review. Acceleration of radiation by 1 week without dose reduction and hyperfractionation are consistently better than standard fractionation for locoregional control of intermediate to advanced @entity189 without an increase in late toxic effects. However, improvement in survival of @entity1 has not been consistent. Clinical investigations show that improvement in locoregional disease control and consistent gain in survival have been achieved with combinations of radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy in @entity1 with mostly stage IV @entity189 . However, these benefits have been at the expense of increased late morbidity. Consequently, concurrent radiochemotherapy is now preferred for non-surgical treatment of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 , whereas altered fractionation is generally selected for @entity1 with @entity5 or who are medically unfit to receive chemotherapy. Further data is needed before the combination of altered fractionation with chemotherapy can be recommended outside of a study setting.

title: Radiotherapy for XXXX : altered fractionation regimens.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intermediate-stage tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinomas', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['cancer of the head and neck']


abstract: A small M, heat and acid labile, host inducer(s) of gonococcal resistance to complement mediated killing by fresh human serum (-FHS), being purified from red blood cell (RBC) extracts, produced changed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure, surface antigens and proteins; and acquirement of resistance related to loss of a target antigen for bactericidal IgM, possibly LPS components. A 20 kDalt. lipoprotein with a high content of @entity367 isolated from outer membranes of a @entity2954 selected in vivo is a determinant of gonococcal resistance to killing by @entity1 phagocytes. Sonic extracts of gonococci may contain a cytotoxin for @entity1 phagocytes. At the 4th International Pathogenic Neisseriae Conference, we reported (Parsons et al. 1985) that conditions in vivo induced phenotypic change leading to gonococcal resistance to complement-mediated killing by human serum; and, also, selected gonococcal types which showed a greater resistance to intracellular killing by @entity1 phagocytes than laboratory strains. Furthermore, evidence was presented that not only was resistance to complement mediated killing important in gonococcal pathogenesis, but also resistance to phagocytic defences. This paper describes the continuance of our studies on the determinants of induced serum resistance and of resistance to killing by phagocytes including @entity137 to these cells. Each section begins by summarising previous work that was referenced in Parsons et al. (1985).

title: Gonococci in vivo and in vitro. Further studies on the host and XXXX resistance to killing by human serum, and by phagocytes.

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal strain']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity2954 :: (MESH:D006069,Disease) :: ['bacterial determinants of gonococcal']


abstract: Adhesion of lymphocytes to vascular endothelium is thought to be of importance in regulating the passage of lymphocytes from the circulation to areas of @entity32 . Evidence suggests the presence of site-specific lymphocyte receptor molecules on the endothelial cell surface which can be modulated by soluble immune factors. The factors responsible for maintaining lymphocyte infiltration at tissue sites are unknown. We have examined the adherence of @entity1 peripheral blood T lymphocytes to @entity1 fibroblast monolayers in vitro and the role of @entity379 in enhancing adherence. Treatment of fibroblasts with @entity379 resulted in an increase in the number of adherent T cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Enhanced adhesion was noted as early as 4 hr after interferon stimulation (291 +/- 7 T cells/field vs 51 +/- 10 without IFN stimulation) and binding was further increased by lengthening the exposure time of fibroblasts to interferon up to 72 hr (475 +/- 86 T cells/field). Kinetic and inhibition experiments using monoclonal antibody to HLA-DR demonstrated that adhesion of T lymphocytes to interferon-stimulated fibroblasts proceeds by a mechanism independent of DR induction. In addition, adherence was not histocompatibility antigen-restricted, as adherence to autologous and allogeneic fibroblast monolayers was not significantly different. Nonadherent T cells, collected at the end of adhesion assays, were deficient in their capacity to bind to a second interferon-treated monolayer, suggesting the depletion of a subpopulation of T cells responsible for adhesion. Alterations of fibroblasts in vivo by immune cell-derived cytokines may be an important mechanism for the localization of lymphocytes at sites of connective tissue @entity32 .

title: Lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: Mortality and morbidity after arterial thromboembolectomy were studied in 202 @entity1 . Factors affecting reoperation and survival were identified according to Cox's proportional hazards model. 30-day mortality was 26% and amputation rate 18.5%. NYHA classification was the most important predictor for survival; class 3-4 had a 3.35 times higher death rate than class 1-2. An age greater than 75 years increased the death rate by 2.35 times and the presence of ischaemic heart or peripheral @entity66 increased it by 1.69 and 1.65 times, respectively. Symptoms less than or equal to 1 day in duration were associated with a death rate 1.53 times higher than for a longer duration. Reoperation rate was 2.15 times greater in the absence of @entity943 . The amputation rate was 3.79 times higher in NYHA class 3-4 than in class 1-2, and 2.47 times higher in the presence of peripheral @entity66 . Apparently, @entity715 rather than recurrent embolism is the most important cause of reoperation and amputation. The severity of pre-existing @entity66 largely determines prognosis regardless of the severity of the superimposed acute occlusion.

title: XXXX survival and limb prognosis after arterial embolectomy.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary disease', 'arteriosclerotic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: The present experiment was performed to investigate the effect of stimulating the parasympathetic superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) on thyroid blood flow and its mediator substances in @entity4774 - @entity4486 anesthetized @entity35 . Thyroid blood flow was measured by counting number of blood drops from a thin catheter inserted into the thyroid vein. SLNs were cut bilaterally and their peripheral portions were electrically stimulated. Electrical stimulations (intensity, 10 V; pulse duration, 0.5 ms) of SLNs increased thyroid blood flow in a frequency-dependent manner as stimulus frequencies increased from 2 to 40 Hz. The intravenous administration of @entity3897 (0.5 mg/kg) reduced these responses, but did not abolish them. The basal secretion rate of vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ) from thyroid glands in the resting state was nearly zero (0.25 +/- 0.14 pg/(kg.min)). SLN stimulation increased markedly the @entity12180 secretion rate to 3.40 +/- 0.64 pg/(kg.min). The @entity12180 secretion responses evoked by SLN stimulation remained in atropinized @entity35 . Furthermore, exogenously applied @entity12180 increased the thyroid blood flow dose-dependently. These results suggest that SLN stimulation increases the thyroid blood flow by dilating thyroid blood vessels via activation of cholinergic and non-cholinergic (probably @entity12180 -containing) nerve fibers. Thus, these parasympathetic vasodilation systems may play a supplementary role in regulating the secretion of thyroid hormone by changing the thyroid blood flow in addition to the role of hormonal regulation by the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

title: Cholinergic and VIPergic vasodilator actions of parasympathetic nerves on the thyroid blood flow in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3330 may predispose the knee to the development of post-traumatic @entity625 by either a direct intra-articular @entity130 . Malunion, intra-articular @entity154 , @entity4218 , retained internal fixation devices, and compromised surrounding soft tissues may in turn affect the outcome of @entity348 ( @entity348 ) in these @entity1 . The aim of our study was to evaluate the result of @entity348 in @entity1 with previous @entity3330 . METHODS: The results of 48 cemented condylar total knee arthroplasties, performed between 1980 to 1998, in 47 @entity1 with a previous @entity3330 were reviewed. There were 37 females and 10 males with an average age of 65 years (range, 19-84 years). Follow-up averaged 6.2 years (range, 2-16 years). No @entity1 were lost to follow-up. RESULTS: At the time of arthroplasty a femoral @entity174 was present in three knees, all of which were treated with a long stem cemented femoral component and bone grafting. Malunion, defined as angulation greater than 10 degrees in the coronal plain or greater than 15 degrees in the sagittal plain, was present in 21 knees. Of these, six underwent distal femoral osteotomy during @entity348 . In the remaining 15 @entity1 , with a @entity85 was addressed by alterations in the orientation and location of bone resection. Other procedures were commonly needed at the time of arthroplasty and included: lateral retinacular release (22 knees), extensor mechanism realignment (eight knees), and collateral ligament reconstruction (two knees). The mean pre-operative Knee Society Scores were 40 (range, 0-80) for @entity158 and 48 (range, 0-100) for function and improved significantly to a mean of 84 (range, 37-99) and 66 (range, 0-100) points, respectively, at the latest follow-up (P<0.001). The knee arc of motion improved from a pre-operative mean of 83-99 degrees at the latest follow-up (P<0.004). Post-operative manipulation under anesthesia for poor motion was carried out in four knees. Two knees had @entity5827 loosening that required subsequent revisions. Three knees developed @entity281 which was treated with debridement and retention of components in one knee, arthrodesis in another, and eventual amputation in one knee. CONCLUSIONS: Significant improvement in function and relief of @entity158 is seen in the vast majority of @entity1 with previous @entity3330 undergoing subsequent @entity348 . However, these @entity1 are at increased risk for restricted motion and perioperative complications following @entity348 . Special efforts to preserve the vascularity of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, restore limb alignment, ensure correct component positioning, and achieve soft tissue balance may help minimize the problems identified in this study.

title: XXXX following prior @entity3330 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['osseous defects']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture non-union']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb malalignment']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['malunion, the deformity']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral fracture', 'distal femoral fractures', 'distal femoral fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury or residual limb malalignment']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['Total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3330 may predispose the knee to the development of post-traumatic @entity625 by either a direct intra-articular @entity130 . Malunion, intra-articular @entity154 , @entity4218 , retained internal fixation devices, and compromised surrounding soft tissues may in turn affect the outcome of @entity348 ( @entity348 ) in these @entity1 . The aim of our study was to evaluate the result of @entity348 in @entity1 with previous @entity3330 . METHODS: The results of 48 cemented condylar total knee arthroplasties, performed between 1980 to 1998, in 47 @entity1 with a previous @entity3330 were reviewed. There were 37 females and 10 males with an average age of 65 years (range, 19-84 years). Follow-up averaged 6.2 years (range, 2-16 years). No @entity1 were lost to follow-up. RESULTS: At the time of arthroplasty a femoral @entity174 was present in three knees, all of which were treated with a long stem cemented femoral component and bone grafting. Malunion, defined as angulation greater than 10 degrees in the coronal plain or greater than 15 degrees in the sagittal plain, was present in 21 knees. Of these, six underwent distal femoral osteotomy during @entity348 . In the remaining 15 @entity1 , with a @entity85 was addressed by alterations in the orientation and location of bone resection. Other procedures were commonly needed at the time of arthroplasty and included: lateral retinacular release (22 knees), extensor mechanism realignment (eight knees), and collateral ligament reconstruction (two knees). The mean pre-operative Knee Society Scores were 40 (range, 0-80) for @entity158 and 48 (range, 0-100) for function and improved significantly to a mean of 84 (range, 37-99) and 66 (range, 0-100) points, respectively, at the latest follow-up (P<0.001). The knee arc of motion improved from a pre-operative mean of 83-99 degrees at the latest follow-up (P<0.004). Post-operative manipulation under anesthesia for poor motion was carried out in four knees. Two knees had @entity5827 loosening that required subsequent revisions. Three knees developed @entity281 which was treated with debridement and retention of components in one knee, arthrodesis in another, and eventual amputation in one knee. CONCLUSIONS: Significant improvement in function and relief of @entity158 is seen in the vast majority of @entity1 with previous @entity3330 undergoing subsequent @entity348 . However, these @entity1 are at increased risk for restricted motion and perioperative complications following @entity348 . Special efforts to preserve the vascularity of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, restore limb alignment, ensure correct component positioning, and achieve soft tissue balance may help minimize the problems identified in this study.

title: @entity348 following prior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['distal femoral fracture']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity13785 have been diagnosed in Israel during the last 15 years. All @entity1 were Palestinian Arabs, with the exception of two siblings from a Jewish Iraqi family. Clinically all @entity1 had the infantile type ( @entity13785 ), except one who had the juvenile type. Muscle glycogen content varied from 4 to 17% wet weight. Muscle alpha-glucosidase activity was zero in 10 of 17 @entity1 examined. Among the seven @entity1 in whom residual activity was present, the highest value was 18% of normal. Leukocyte alpha-glucosidase activity was highly variable, making this tissue unfit for enzymatic diagnosis of the disease. A marked heterogeneity was found in pH profiles of muscle and leukocyte alpha-glucosidase activity. A high prevalence of the disease in the Arab population was noted. In spite of a high rate of consanguinity, only a small number of autosomal recessively @entity74 have been shown to be unusually prevalent in the Arab population. In view of the serious prognosis of this disease, prenatal diagnosis should be offered to affected families.

title: XXXX in Israel.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited diseases']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ["Pompe's disease", 'alpha-glucosidase deficiency']

answer: @entity13785 :: (MESH:D006009,Disease) :: ['Glycogen storage disease type II']


abstract: mAb directed toward the idiotype of the 38C13 @entity19 @entity1892 can be used to treat and cure a high percentage of @entity19 challenged previously with an otherwise lethal dose of @entity5 cells. Tumors developing in animals despite antibody therapy were examined by immunofluorescence and found to demonstrate either loss of surface Ig, or expression of an altered idiotype that no longer bound the antibody used for treatment. Further immunofluorescence analysis of the variant @entity5 revealed individual patterns of cross-reactivity with anti-38C13 idiotype mAb other than that used for therapy. The variant @entity5 cells were fused to @entity1582 cells and hybrids were isolated which secreted large quantities of the altered idiotype proteins. Polyclonal antibodies and mAb prepared against the mutant proteins demonstrated cross-reactivity with the original 38C13 protein and its other variants. But the variants and wild type cells could be distinguished from each other by their patterns of reactivity with the panels of anti-idiotype antibodies. Differences in apparent m.w. were demonstrated in the L chains of each of the mutant proteins. Southern blot analysis of the H chain locus of these mutants established that they were all clonally related; however, the L chain loci were grossly different. Thus, rare cells with alteration in their Ig L chain genes and expressed proteins can give rise to idiotype variants in this B cell @entity5 .

title: Heterogeneity of a @entity19 XXXX . Isolation and characterization of idiotypic variants.

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B cell lymphoma']


abstract: mAb directed toward the idiotype of the 38C13 @entity19 @entity1892 can be used to treat and cure a high percentage of @entity19 challenged previously with an otherwise lethal dose of @entity5 cells. Tumors developing in animals despite antibody therapy were examined by immunofluorescence and found to demonstrate either loss of surface Ig, or expression of an altered idiotype that no longer bound the antibody used for treatment. Further immunofluorescence analysis of the variant @entity5 revealed individual patterns of cross-reactivity with anti-38C13 idiotype mAb other than that used for therapy. The variant @entity5 cells were fused to @entity1582 cells and hybrids were isolated which secreted large quantities of the altered idiotype proteins. Polyclonal antibodies and mAb prepared against the mutant proteins demonstrated cross-reactivity with the original 38C13 protein and its other variants. But the variants and wild type cells could be distinguished from each other by their patterns of reactivity with the panels of anti-idiotype antibodies. Differences in apparent m.w. were demonstrated in the L chains of each of the mutant proteins. Southern blot analysis of the H chain locus of these mutants established that they were all clonally related; however, the L chain loci were grossly different. Thus, rare cells with alteration in their Ig L chain genes and expressed proteins can give rise to idiotype variants in this B cell @entity5 .

title: Heterogeneity of a XXXX @entity1892 . Isolation and characterization of idiotypic variants.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: A new experimental model for studying the effects of acute @entity63 on brain development in the near-term fetal @entity35 has been devised. Ischemic conditions are achieved by complete clamping of blood vessels branching from the uterine vasculature into each individual fetus for designated times followed by removal of the clamps to permit reperfusion. Accumulation of @entity880 in the fetal brain depends on the length of the restriction period, reaching a plateau level of 29 mumol/g tissue at about 30 min. It also depends on the reperfusion time. Thus after a period of 15 min of restriction @entity880 levels show an increase over the next 30-min reperfusion to a value of 25.5 mumol/g followed by a rapid decrease to normal values by 3 h of reperfusion. Restriction of 15 min followed by reperfusion of 45 min causes an elevation of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) level from 12.4 +/- 0.86 ng/g to 21.1 +/- 0.6 ng/g (p less than 0.001). This elevation in @entity1421 level is less apparent after 20 min of restriction. No effects are seen on the level of PGF2 alpha. Both @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha accumulate in vitro in a time-dependent manner by brain particulate fraction. In vitro synthesis of both @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha is inhibited by @entity3352 (100% and 68%, respectively) and @entity1438 (94% and 76%, respectively). BW755c and @entity2604 do not affect @entity1421 formation but enhance PGF2 alpha production by 112% and 152%, respectively. Particulate fractions from restricted brain produce less PGF2 alpha than control brains (6.38 +/- 1.62 versus 11.43 +/- 2.2, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Acute uteroplacental ischemic embryo: XXXX accumulation and prostaglandin production in the fetal @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity2604 :: ('MESH:D009637', 'Chemical') :: ['nordihydroguaiaretic acid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: A new experimental model for studying the effects of acute @entity63 on brain development in the near-term fetal @entity35 has been devised. Ischemic conditions are achieved by complete clamping of blood vessels branching from the uterine vasculature into each individual fetus for designated times followed by removal of the clamps to permit reperfusion. Accumulation of @entity880 in the fetal brain depends on the length of the restriction period, reaching a plateau level of 29 mumol/g tissue at about 30 min. It also depends on the reperfusion time. Thus after a period of 15 min of restriction @entity880 levels show an increase over the next 30-min reperfusion to a value of 25.5 mumol/g followed by a rapid decrease to normal values by 3 h of reperfusion. Restriction of 15 min followed by reperfusion of 45 min causes an elevation of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) level from 12.4 +/- 0.86 ng/g to 21.1 +/- 0.6 ng/g (p less than 0.001). This elevation in @entity1421 level is less apparent after 20 min of restriction. No effects are seen on the level of PGF2 alpha. Both @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha accumulate in vitro in a time-dependent manner by brain particulate fraction. In vitro synthesis of both @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha is inhibited by @entity3352 (100% and 68%, respectively) and @entity1438 (94% and 76%, respectively). BW755c and @entity2604 do not affect @entity1421 formation but enhance PGF2 alpha production by 112% and 152%, respectively. Particulate fractions from restricted brain produce less PGF2 alpha than control brains (6.38 +/- 1.62 versus 11.43 +/- 2.2, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Acute uteroplacental ischemic embryo: @entity880 accumulation and prostaglandin production in the fetal XXXX brain.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the injection of a tolerated protein (indirect effects) affects the formation of @entity738 around @entity380 eggs trapped in the lungs after intravenous (iv) injection into normal (noninfected) C57BL/6 @entity19 (6 animals per group). To induce oral tolerance to @entity1573 egg @entity10328 a 1/5 dilution of egg white in water was offered ad libitum in a drinking bottle for 3 days. Control @entity19 received water. After 7 days, control and experimental animals were injected iv with 2,000 @entity383 eggs through a tail vein. In some @entity19 of both groups the iv injection of eggs was immediately followed by intraperitoneal (ip) immunization with 10 micro g of dinitrophenylated conjugates of @entity10328 (DNP-Ova) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) or only @entity3795 ; 18 days later, @entity19 were bled and killed by ether inhalation. The lungs were fixed in @entity406 and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections of 5 m were stained with Giemsa, Gomori's @entity575 reticulin and Sirius red (pH 10.2). @entity738 diameters were measured in histological sections previously stained with Gomori's reticulin. Anti-DNP and anti-soluble egg antigen (SEA) antibodies were analyzed by ELISA. In @entity19 orally tolerant to @entity10328 the concomitant ip injection of DNP-Ova resulted in significantly lower anti-SEA antibodies (ELISA*: 1395 +/- 352 in non-tolerant and 462 +/- 146 in tolerant @entity19 ) and affected @entity738 formation around eggs, significantly decreasing @entity738 size (area: 22,260 +/- 2478 to 12,993 +/- 3242 m ). Active mechanisms triggered by injection of tolerated antigen ( @entity10328 ) reduce @entity738 formation.

title: Indirect effects of oral tolerance to @entity10328 interfere with the immune responses triggered by XXXX eggs.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Granuloma', 'granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the injection of a tolerated protein (indirect effects) affects the formation of @entity738 around @entity380 eggs trapped in the lungs after intravenous (iv) injection into normal (noninfected) C57BL/6 @entity19 (6 animals per group). To induce oral tolerance to @entity1573 egg @entity10328 a 1/5 dilution of egg white in water was offered ad libitum in a drinking bottle for 3 days. Control @entity19 received water. After 7 days, control and experimental animals were injected iv with 2,000 @entity383 eggs through a tail vein. In some @entity19 of both groups the iv injection of eggs was immediately followed by intraperitoneal (ip) immunization with 10 micro g of dinitrophenylated conjugates of @entity10328 (DNP-Ova) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) or only @entity3795 ; 18 days later, @entity19 were bled and killed by ether inhalation. The lungs were fixed in @entity406 and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections of 5 m were stained with Giemsa, Gomori's @entity575 reticulin and Sirius red (pH 10.2). @entity738 diameters were measured in histological sections previously stained with Gomori's reticulin. Anti-DNP and anti-soluble egg antigen (SEA) antibodies were analyzed by ELISA. In @entity19 orally tolerant to @entity10328 the concomitant ip injection of DNP-Ova resulted in significantly lower anti-SEA antibodies (ELISA*: 1395 +/- 352 in non-tolerant and 462 +/- 146 in tolerant @entity19 ) and affected @entity738 formation around eggs, significantly decreasing @entity738 size (area: 22,260 +/- 2478 to 12,993 +/- 3242 m ). Active mechanisms triggered by injection of tolerated antigen ( @entity10328 ) reduce @entity738 formation.

title: Indirect effects of oral tolerance to XXXX interfere with the immune responses triggered by @entity380 eggs.

answer: @entity10328 :: (282665(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ovalbumin']


abstract: Subcutaneous interferon beta-1a is a recognized treatment of relapsing @entity15 , and it may delay the onset of definite @entity15 in @entity1 with a first clinical demyelinating episode. Interferon beta-1a exerts beneficial effects on cognitive functioning via both short-term and long-term mechanisms. The beneficial effect is thought to be a result of immune modulation, with inhibition of leukocyte proliferation and antigen presentation and an increased amount of interleukins. The systemic side effects of interferon beta-1a are @entity683 and development of neutralizing antibodies, the clinical significance of which is not known. There have been concerns about the rare development of an acute @entity17 after interferon beta-1a therapy as a result of upregulation of inflammatory mediators. In the clinical trials, there is evidence of development of mild @entity417 with a hemoglobin level below 10 g/dL only in 3% of the @entity1 . There has been no reported case of development of @entity2150 in @entity1 being treated with interferon beta-1a. Described here is a case of development of @entity2150 with interferon beta-1a in a @entity1 with @entity15 . Our @entity1 underwent a complete hematologic evaluation to rule out other causes of @entity2150 . Association with interferon beta-1a was highly suspected.

title: XXXX associated with interferon beta-1a.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['flu-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['Aplastic anemia']


abstract: We reviewed the serial CT studies obtained between 1974 and 1986 of 31 @entity1 with @entity11 who survived for 2 to 11 years after surgical @entity5 . In all cases surgery was followed by radiation therapy to the head (6000 rad) and chemotherapy. @entity1 were divided into two age groups: those under age 40 (n = 13) and those over age 40 (n = 18). By 2 years all @entity1 in the older group developed evidence of @entity62 characterized by periventricular zones of decreased attenuation. Only 58% of the younger group showed evidence of white matter changes at this point. All @entity1 from both age groups who survived for 4 years developed @entity62 . The severity of @entity62 from 6 months after surgery and beyond was always greater in the older group. All @entity1 developed @entity194 as evidenced by sulcal dilatation and @entity67 . @entity194 was progressive beginning with the first postirradiation scan, and was always more severe in the older @entity1 . A significant difference was found in the clinical status of the two age groups as determined by the mental status score and the Karnofsky scale. Despite progressive brain changes, survivors under age 40 maintained a nearly normal mental status and Karnofsky scores until their death, whereas survivors over age 40 showed progressive clinical decline.

title: Longitudinal CT study of parenchymal brain changes in XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of their tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophy', 'cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluation of portoportal collateral vessels and associated @entity253 in @entity1 with cavernous transformation of the portal vein by MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of 34 MRI examinations performed on @entity1 with angiographically or MR-angiographically proven cavernous transformation. The analysis included the pattern of the portoportal collateral circulation and the abnormalities of the biliary system, such as wall thickening, @entity850 , dilations and irregularities of the extra-and intrahepatic bile ducts. RESULTS: 23 (67.6%) of 34 @entity1 with cavernous transformation had paracholedochal portoportal collateral vessels, with 22 (64.7%) showing visible luminal channels. @entity1211 could be observed in 8 (23.5%) @entity1 . 24 (70.5%) of 34 @entity1 demonstrated @entity253 due to portoportal collaterals, leading to @entity850 with dilatation of the proximal bile ducts in 8 (23.5%) @entity1 . The ductal walls were irregular in 7 (20.5%) @entity1 , and thickened in 11 (32.3%). The gallbladder wall was thickened in 4 (12.9%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Portoportal collaterals in @entity1 with cavernous transformation of the portal vein can be identified by MRI. These collaterals frequently alter the biliary system, which must be considered in differential diagnosis of @entity253 observed in the presence of portoportal collaterals.

title: [MRI in cavernous transformation of the portal vein: secondary XXXX and portoportal collaterals].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Epicholedochal venous collaterals']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary abnormalities']


abstract: Predictive genetic testing for @entity74 is a delicate issue for individuals at risk and their families, as well as for medical staff because these diseases are often late-onset and intractable. Therefore careful pre- and post-test genetic counseling and psychosocial support should be provided along with such genetic testing. The Division of Clinical and Molecular Genetics was established at our hospital in May 1996 to provide skilled professional genetic counseling. Since its establishment, 14 individuals have visited our clinic to request predictive genetic testing for @entity74 (4 for @entity3918 , 6 for @entity164 , 3 for @entity2033 , and 1 for @entity195 ). The main reasons for considering testing were to remove uncertainty about the genetic status and to plan for the future. Nine of 14 individuals requested testing for making decisions about a forthcoming marriage or pregnancy (family planning). Other reasons raised by the individuals included career or financial planning, planning for their own health care, and knowing the risk for their @entity1 . At the first genetic counseling session, all of the individuals expressed hopes of not being a gene carrier and of escaping from fear of disease, and seemed not to be mentally well prepared for an increased-risk result. To date, 7 of the 14 individuals have received genetic testing and only one, who underwent predictive genetic testing for @entity164 , was given an increased-risk result. The seven individuals including the one with an increased-risk result, have coped well with their new knowledge about their genetic status after the testing results were disclosed. None of them has expressed regret. In pre-test genetic counseling sessions, we consider it quite important not only to determine the psychological status of the individual, but also to make the individual try to anticipate the changes in his/her life upon receiving an increased-risk or a decreased-risk result. Sufficient time should be taken to build a good relationship between the individual and his/her family and the medical staff during pre-test counseling sessions. This will help the individuals feel satisfied with their own decisions for the future, whether they receive genetic testing or not.

title: [Analysis of 14 individuals who requested predictive genetic testing for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['spinocerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary neuromuscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['hereditary neuromuscular diseases']


abstract: A single point mutation in @entity16819 ( @entity16819 ) of the Trembler-J (TrJ) @entity19 models the @entity1 @entity1897 , @entity5108 A (CMT1A). An unexplored aspect of this disease is the gradual remodeling of the extracellular matrix in affected nerves. To elucidate the mechanism responsible for these changes, the levels of the extracellular matrix molecules laminin, collagen IV, and fibronectin were determined. In TrJ nerves, laminin is modestly increased while full-length forms of collagen IV and fibronectin are decreased. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to degrade multiple matrix molecules; therefore, nerves were assayed for @entity1476 and @entity1495 proteins. In @entity16 , elevated levels of @entity1476 and @entity1495 were detected on western blots, and gelatin zymography confirmed the up-regulation of gelatinalytic activity in affected samples. Immunostaining studies revealed an increase in the numbers of @entity1476 - and @entity1495 -expressing cells in TrJ nerves. Cell type-specific immunolabeling showed that infiltrating macrophages are a significant source of both @entity1476 and @entity1495 . Finally, the degradation of exogenous collagen IV by TrJ nerve lysates was prevented with a specific MMP inhibitor. Together these observations suggest that infiltration by MMP-expressing macrophages contributes to the remodeling of the TrJ nerve matrix.

title: Matrix metalloproteinase mediated degradation of basement membrane proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy nerves']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Trembler J neuropathy nerves']


abstract: Borderline nuclear change; can a subgroup be identified which is suspicious of high-grade cervical @entity5436 , i.e. CIN 2 or worse? Only 10% of first borderline smears are associated with a histological high-grade (HG) abnormality, i.e. CIN 2,3, invasive @entity5 on subsequent investigation. The advantages of highlighting this subgroup are obvious but is this possible? From 1996 and 1997, 242 borderline smears with histological follow-up were examined by two independent experienced observers (observer 1 and 2) without prior knowledge of further investigation results. For each smear a profile of nuclear details was produced, also noting the type of cell mainly affected by the process; then the observers were asked to assess the degree of @entity1893 for each smear i.e. whether the smear fell into group 1 borderline changes indicative of low-grade (normal, inflammatory, CIN1/HPV) disease (BL/LG) or group 2 difficult borderline smear, HG disease (CIN 2,3, invasive @entity5 ) cannot be excluded (BL/HG). Observer 1 selected a group of BL/HG with a @entity2286 for HG disease of 38%, with observer 2 having a @entity2286 of 50%; this compared with the overall laboratory HG disease @entity2286 for borderline smears of 14%. Both observers found the most useful criterion to be the increase in nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio. Our results show that it is possible to separate a small group of borderline smears which should be classified as 'borderline/high grade lesion difficult to exclude' (BL/HG). Both observers had some success in arriving at this classification although their method of selecting out this group was quite different.

title: Borderline nuclear change; can a subgroup be identified which is suspicious of high-grade cervical XXXX , i e CIN 2 or worse?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy or glandular neoplasia', 'neoplasia or glandular neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['worry of HG disease']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: The two-component sensing system controlling bacterial chemotaxis is one of the best studied in biology. @entity11704 has a complex chemosensory pathway comprising two @entity3793 protein kinases (CheAs) and eight downstream response regulators (six CheYs and two CheBs) rather than the single copies of each as in @entity526 . We used in vitro analysis of phosphotransfer to start to determine why @entity11704 has these multiple homologues. CheA(1) and CheA(2) contain all the key motifs identified in the @entity3793 protein kinase family, except for conservative substitutions (F-L and F-I) within the F box of CheA(2), and both are capable of @entity855 -dependent autophosphorylation. While the K(m) values for @entity855 of CheA(1) and CheA(2) were similar to that of @entity526 , the k(cat) value was three times lower, but similar to that measured for the related @entity16258 CheA. However, the two CheAs differed both in their ability to phosphorylate the various response regulators and the rates of phosphotransfer. CheA(2) phosphorylated all of the CheYs and both CheBs, whilst CheA(1) did not phosphorylate either @entity49205 and phosphorylated only the response regulators encoded within its own genetic locus (CheY(1), CheY(2), and CheY(5)) and CheY(3). The dephosphorylation rates of the @entity11704 CheBs were much slower than the @entity526 CheB. The dephosphorylation rate of CheY(6), encoded by the third chemosensory locus, was ten times faster than that of the @entity526 CheY. However, the dephosphorylation rates of the remaining @entity11704 CheYs were comparable to that of @entity526 CheY.

title: Phosphotransfer in XXXX chemotaxis.

entities_list: @entity11704 :: ('1063', 'Species') :: ['R.sphaeroides', 'Rhodobacter sphaeroides']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E.coli']

entities_list: @entity16258 :: ('382', 'Species') :: ['Sinorhizobium meliloti']

answer: @entity11704 :: (1063,Species) :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides']


abstract: Flavonoids, such as daidzein and genistein, present in dietary plants like @entity1460 , have unique chemical properties with biological activity relevant to @entity5 . Many flavonoids and polyphenols, including resveratrol in red wine and epigallocatechin gallate in green tea, are known antioxidants. Some of these compounds have estrogenic (and antiestrogenic) activity and are commonly referred to as phytoestrogens. A @entity375 -based estrogen receptor (ER) reporter assay has been used to measure the ability of flavonoids to bind to ER and activate estrogen responsive genes. Recently, estrogenic compounds were also shown to trigger rapid, nongenomic effects. The molecular mechanisms, however, have not been completely detailed and little information exists regarding their relevance to @entity5 progression. As a preliminary step toward elucidating rapid phytoestrogen action on @entity0 cells, we investigated the effect of 17-beta estradiol (E2), genistein, daidzein and resveratrol on the activation status of signaling proteins that regulate cell survival and invasion, the cell properties underlying @entity0 progression. The effect of these estrogenic compounds on the activation, via phosphorylation, of @entity584 / @entity25449 ( @entity584 ) and @entity3818 ( @entity3818 ) were analyzed in ER-positive and -negative @entity1 @entity0 cell lines. E2, genistein and daidzein increased whereas resveratrol decreased both @entity584 and @entity3818 phosphorylation in nonmetastatic ER-positive T47D cells. In metastatic ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, all estrogenic compounds tested increased @entity584 and @entity3818 phosphorylation. The inhibitory action of resveratrol on cell survival and proliferation is ER dependent. Therefore, all estrogenic compounds tested, including resveratrol, may exert supplementary ER-independent nongenomic effects on cell survival and migration in @entity0 cells.

title: Flavonoid effects relevant to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3818 :: ('5747', 'Gene') :: ['FAK', 'focal adhesion kinase']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity55 (live, antigens, or polysaccharide) cause @entity1028 in a susceptible animal host with appropriate drug reversal. METHODS: At laparotomy, preparations of @entity21334 (live, @entity406 -inactivated, and heat-inactivated) in @entity12374 were applied to the adventitial surface of the abdominal aorta of @entity95 fed a @entity165 -enriched diet. Aortic diameter was measured with ultrasonography. After 3 weeks, immunohistochemistry was used to detect aortic @entity21334 and macrophages. Presence of @entity21334 DNA also was assessed. RESULTS: At high doses (5 x 10(7) organisms) periaortic application of both live and @entity406 -inactivated preparations resulted in doubling of aortic diameter after 3 weeks, from 2.0 +/- 0.5 mm to 4.3 +/- 1.3 mm (P <.02). @entity21334 DNA and antigens, together with a heavy macrophage infiltrate, were detected in the dilated aorta. In contrast, periaortic application of heat-inactivated preparations resulted in minimal macrophage influx and @entity384 . Treatment of @entity95 with @entity4580 or @entity9693 for 10 days after laparotomy abolished the effects of @entity406 -inactivated @entity21334 on @entity384 . @entity4580 reduced the number of macrophages in the aortic wall more effectively than @entity9693 . CONCLUSION: Because membrane antigenicity is retained in @entity406 -inactivated but not heat-inactivated organisms, in this experimental model, chlamydial membrane antigens (rather than live organisms) appear to cause the @entity384 and associated macrophage recruitment. @entity4580 is likely to reverse these effects with an antiinflammatory mechanism.

title: XXXX antigens facilitate experimental @entity384 : prevention with @entity4580 .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation', 'aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin', 'Azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity9693 :: ('MESH:C007005', 'Chemical') :: ['carprofen']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Chlamydia pneumoniae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity55 (live, antigens, or polysaccharide) cause @entity1028 in a susceptible animal host with appropriate drug reversal. METHODS: At laparotomy, preparations of @entity21334 (live, @entity406 -inactivated, and heat-inactivated) in @entity12374 were applied to the adventitial surface of the abdominal aorta of @entity95 fed a @entity165 -enriched diet. Aortic diameter was measured with ultrasonography. After 3 weeks, immunohistochemistry was used to detect aortic @entity21334 and macrophages. Presence of @entity21334 DNA also was assessed. RESULTS: At high doses (5 x 10(7) organisms) periaortic application of both live and @entity406 -inactivated preparations resulted in doubling of aortic diameter after 3 weeks, from 2.0 +/- 0.5 mm to 4.3 +/- 1.3 mm (P <.02). @entity21334 DNA and antigens, together with a heavy macrophage infiltrate, were detected in the dilated aorta. In contrast, periaortic application of heat-inactivated preparations resulted in minimal macrophage influx and @entity384 . Treatment of @entity95 with @entity4580 or @entity9693 for 10 days after laparotomy abolished the effects of @entity406 -inactivated @entity21334 on @entity384 . @entity4580 reduced the number of macrophages in the aortic wall more effectively than @entity9693 . CONCLUSION: Because membrane antigenicity is retained in @entity406 -inactivated but not heat-inactivated organisms, in this experimental model, chlamydial membrane antigens (rather than live organisms) appear to cause the @entity384 and associated macrophage recruitment. @entity4580 is likely to reverse these effects with an antiinflammatory mechanism.

title: @entity55 antigens facilitate experimental @entity384 : prevention with XXXX .

answer: @entity4580 :: (MESH:D017963,Chemical) :: ['azithromycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity55 (live, antigens, or polysaccharide) cause @entity1028 in a susceptible animal host with appropriate drug reversal. METHODS: At laparotomy, preparations of @entity21334 (live, @entity406 -inactivated, and heat-inactivated) in @entity12374 were applied to the adventitial surface of the abdominal aorta of @entity95 fed a @entity165 -enriched diet. Aortic diameter was measured with ultrasonography. After 3 weeks, immunohistochemistry was used to detect aortic @entity21334 and macrophages. Presence of @entity21334 DNA also was assessed. RESULTS: At high doses (5 x 10(7) organisms) periaortic application of both live and @entity406 -inactivated preparations resulted in doubling of aortic diameter after 3 weeks, from 2.0 +/- 0.5 mm to 4.3 +/- 1.3 mm (P <.02). @entity21334 DNA and antigens, together with a heavy macrophage infiltrate, were detected in the dilated aorta. In contrast, periaortic application of heat-inactivated preparations resulted in minimal macrophage influx and @entity384 . Treatment of @entity95 with @entity4580 or @entity9693 for 10 days after laparotomy abolished the effects of @entity406 -inactivated @entity21334 on @entity384 . @entity4580 reduced the number of macrophages in the aortic wall more effectively than @entity9693 . CONCLUSION: Because membrane antigenicity is retained in @entity406 -inactivated but not heat-inactivated organisms, in this experimental model, chlamydial membrane antigens (rather than live organisms) appear to cause the @entity384 and associated macrophage recruitment. @entity4580 is likely to reverse these effects with an antiinflammatory mechanism.

title: @entity55 antigens facilitate experimental XXXX : prevention with @entity4580 .

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['aortic dilatation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise performance in @entity1 with @entity712 is partially dependent on cardiac @entity2161 ( @entity2161 ) function. There are 2 common polymorphisms of the @entity2161 gene that alter the encoded @entity1522 at positions 49 (Ser or @entity4022 ) and 389 ( @entity4022 or @entity534 ) and alter receptor function in vitro. Their relevance to modification of cardiac function in @entity712 is not known. METHODS: Exercise testing was performed in 263 @entity1 with @entity3762 or @entity296 (left ventricular ejection fraction approximately 25%). Potential associations were sought between @entity2161 genotypes and the primary outcome variables of peak @entity26 consumption (VO2), heart rate response, and exercise time. RESULTS: The major determinants of exercise capacity were the polymorphisms at position 389, where @entity1 homozygous for @entity4022 389 had significantly lower peak VO2 compared with those with @entity534 389 (14.5 +/- 0.6 vs 17.7 +/- 0.4 mL/kg/min, P =.006), despite similar clinical characteristics including left ventricular ejection fraction. Consistent with a gene dose-response, heterozygosity was associated with an intermediate response (16.9 +/- 0.6 mL/kg/min, P <.05). When position 49 genotypes were included, a graded relationship between the 5 2-locus haplotypes and VO2 was found. Two haplotypes displayed the most divergent peak @entity4962 : homozygous @entity4022 389/Ser49, and homozygous @entity534 389/Gly49 carriers (14.4 +/- 0.5 vs 18.2 +/- 0.8 mL/kg/min, P =.001). Genotype did not predict the heart rate response. The above results were independent of beta-blocker or other medication use, left ventricular ejection fraction, @entity2162 genotype, or other demographic and clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION: @entity2161 polymorphisms are a significant determinant of exercise capacity in @entity1 with @entity712 . Early identification, by genetic testing for these polymorphisms, of @entity712 @entity1 at risk for development of @entity308 exercise capacity may be useful for initiation of specific therapy tailored to genotype.

title: Polymorphisms of the XXXX predict exercise capacity in @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2161 :: ('153', 'Gene') :: ['beta1AR', 'beta1-adrenergic receptor']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic']

answer: @entity2161 :: (153,Gene) :: ['beta1-adrenergic receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise performance in @entity1 with @entity712 is partially dependent on cardiac @entity2161 ( @entity2161 ) function. There are 2 common polymorphisms of the @entity2161 gene that alter the encoded @entity1522 at positions 49 (Ser or @entity4022 ) and 389 ( @entity4022 or @entity534 ) and alter receptor function in vitro. Their relevance to modification of cardiac function in @entity712 is not known. METHODS: Exercise testing was performed in 263 @entity1 with @entity3762 or @entity296 (left ventricular ejection fraction approximately 25%). Potential associations were sought between @entity2161 genotypes and the primary outcome variables of peak @entity26 consumption (VO2), heart rate response, and exercise time. RESULTS: The major determinants of exercise capacity were the polymorphisms at position 389, where @entity1 homozygous for @entity4022 389 had significantly lower peak VO2 compared with those with @entity534 389 (14.5 +/- 0.6 vs 17.7 +/- 0.4 mL/kg/min, P =.006), despite similar clinical characteristics including left ventricular ejection fraction. Consistent with a gene dose-response, heterozygosity was associated with an intermediate response (16.9 +/- 0.6 mL/kg/min, P <.05). When position 49 genotypes were included, a graded relationship between the 5 2-locus haplotypes and VO2 was found. Two haplotypes displayed the most divergent peak @entity4962 : homozygous @entity4022 389/Ser49, and homozygous @entity534 389/Gly49 carriers (14.4 +/- 0.5 vs 18.2 +/- 0.8 mL/kg/min, P =.001). Genotype did not predict the heart rate response. The above results were independent of beta-blocker or other medication use, left ventricular ejection fraction, @entity2162 genotype, or other demographic and clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION: @entity2161 polymorphisms are a significant determinant of exercise capacity in @entity1 with @entity712 . Early identification, by genetic testing for these polymorphisms, of @entity712 @entity1 at risk for development of @entity308 exercise capacity may be useful for initiation of specific therapy tailored to genotype.

title: Polymorphisms of the @entity2161 predict exercise capacity in XXXX .

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: SUMMARY: Analysis of the results raised in the Framingham and the MRFIT study have clearly shown that increased pulse pressure is an independent @entity65 factor. This is valid for all age groups and both sexes. The risk increases with pulse pressures over 60 - 65 mmHg for office blood pressure and 53 mmHg for 24-h-mean of ambulatory blood pressure. Pulse pressure is strongly correlated with systolic blood pressure and will be highest in case of isolated systolic @entity101 . Urinary albumin excretion and @entity4346 are closely associated with pulse pressure. With elevated pulse pressure @entity65 is increased 2- to 4-fold in relation to age and endpoint. The risk of @entity583 is raised more if pulse pressure is associated with low mean arterial blood pressure while risk of @entity64 is increased with wide pulse pressure and high mean arterial pressure. The risk of pulse pressure can be seen in normotensives and in early pregnancy. Therapeutic management of pulse pressure will be similar to that of systolic blood pressure, since normalization of systolic blood pressure will also lower or normalize pulse pressure. Results of preliminary studies suggest that diuretics are superior to other drugs in decreasing pulse pressure. An increase of pulse pressure during therapy should be avoided since each 10 mmHg increase in pulse pressure will raise the risk of @entity64 and @entity583 about 24 % and 32 %.

title: Risk evaluation and therapeutical implications of pulse pressure in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['arterial hypertension']


abstract: Complementary and alternative therapies are increasingly used in the United States by individuals diagnosed with @entity5 . PC-SPES is a multiherb dietary supplement used by many @entity1 with @entity263 (CaP). The wide acceptance of PC-SPES for hormone-naive and end-stage CaP relates to clinical trials demonstrating significant efficacy and low @entity137 . Although the clinical efficacy of PC-SPES is highly encouraging, its scientific basis has progressed more slowly. This article describes our understanding of the in vitro mechanisms of action of PC-SPES in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. We first demonstrated significant suppression of @entity5 cell growth by restriction of cell cycle progression at G(1)/S and drastic reductions in the expression of @entity23447 and @entity1486 (PSA) by PC-SPES, providing a mechanistic rationale for its observed clinical effects. Further investigation of the anti-CaP properties of PC-SPES revealed that two of its multicomponent herbs, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Scutellaria baicalensis, inhibited cell growth and down-regulated PSA in a manner comparable with PC-SPES. Exhaustive characterization of S. baicalensis resulted in the isolation of baicalein. Here we report that baicalein effectively suppressed growth and PSA expression and induced G(1)/S arrest in LNCaP cells. Although baicalein cannot account for the entire activity of PC-SPES, it does display similar anti-CaP activities. These data suggest that a single herb or bioactive compound could suffice for CaP chemoprevention by effecting multiple changes in target cells to intervene in CaP progression. These studies provide the impetus for further evaluation of the composition herbs within PC-SPES and the precise characterization of their bioactive ingredients.

title: Prevention and management of XXXX using PC-SPES: a scientific perspective.

entities_list: @entity23447 :: ('367', 'Gene') :: ['androgen receptor']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injections of two different hyaluronan preparations and placebo in @entity1 with @entity626 . METHODS: In a randomized, @entity1 - and observer-blind, placebo-controlled and multicentre trial with parallel groups, 210 @entity1 , aged 60 yr or above, with @entity626 were included in a per protocol analysis. The @entity1 were treated with three injections, once weekly, of either native high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (Artzal((R))) or cross-linked hyaluronan (Synvisc((R))) or with placebo and were followed for 52 weeks. The primary efficacy measures were weight-bearing @entity158 during study weeks 0-26 and the duration of clinical benefit measured with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for weeks 0-52. The secondary outcome measures were resting and maximum @entity158 , Lequesne index, WOMAC (Western Ontario and @entity571 Index) and SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey) scores. RESULTS: The intra-articular injections produced a significant reduction in weight-bearing @entity158 , @entity158 , maximum @entity158 and Lequesne and WOMAC scores after 26 weeks. There were no significant differences in outcome between any of the three study groups during the first 26 weeks. In direct comparison against placebo for weeks 0-52, neither hyaluronan treatment (Artzal or Synvisc) showed a significantly longer duration of clinical benefit than placebo. However, when data for the two hyaluronan-treated groups were pooled, treatment with hyaluronan had a significantly longer duration of benefit compared with placebo (P = 0.047). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity626 who were treated by injection into the knee of either of two hyaluronan preparations or placebo showed clinical improvement during the first 26 weeks of treatment, though neither hyaluronan preparation gave a longer duration of clinical benefit than placebo. However, when data for the two hyaluronan treatments were pooled, there was a significantly longer duration of clinical benefit for hyaluronan treatment than for placebo.

title: Comparison of two hyaluronan drugs and placebo in @entity1 with XXXX . A controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel-design multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['McMaster University Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'resting pain']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injections of two different hyaluronan preparations and placebo in @entity1 with @entity626 . METHODS: In a randomized, @entity1 - and observer-blind, placebo-controlled and multicentre trial with parallel groups, 210 @entity1 , aged 60 yr or above, with @entity626 were included in a per protocol analysis. The @entity1 were treated with three injections, once weekly, of either native high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (Artzal((R))) or cross-linked hyaluronan (Synvisc((R))) or with placebo and were followed for 52 weeks. The primary efficacy measures were weight-bearing @entity158 during study weeks 0-26 and the duration of clinical benefit measured with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for weeks 0-52. The secondary outcome measures were resting and maximum @entity158 , Lequesne index, WOMAC (Western Ontario and @entity571 Index) and SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey) scores. RESULTS: The intra-articular injections produced a significant reduction in weight-bearing @entity158 , @entity158 , maximum @entity158 and Lequesne and WOMAC scores after 26 weeks. There were no significant differences in outcome between any of the three study groups during the first 26 weeks. In direct comparison against placebo for weeks 0-52, neither hyaluronan treatment (Artzal or Synvisc) showed a significantly longer duration of clinical benefit than placebo. However, when data for the two hyaluronan-treated groups were pooled, treatment with hyaluronan had a significantly longer duration of benefit compared with placebo (P = 0.047). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity626 who were treated by injection into the knee of either of two hyaluronan preparations or placebo showed clinical improvement during the first 26 weeks of treatment, though neither hyaluronan preparation gave a longer duration of clinical benefit than placebo. However, when data for the two hyaluronan treatments were pooled, there was a significantly longer duration of clinical benefit for hyaluronan treatment than for placebo.

title: Comparison of two hyaluronan drugs and placebo in XXXX with @entity626 . A controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel-design multicentre study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity164 ( @entity164 ) is a dominantly @entity6447 associated with @entity508 , @entity4610 , @entity3519 and @entity1897 . Presented here are 5 @entity164 cases. A morphometric analysis of the histopathology of their sural nerves was carried out to know the relationship between axon size and myelin thickness. @entity164 cases were identified by polymerase chain reaction. On the basis of the clinical symptoms, there was 1 type I, 2 type II and 2 type III @entity1 . The sural nerves were biopsied for single-fiber, ultrastructural and morphometric analysis. Morphometric parameters such as fiber and axon sizes, myelin thickness and g ratio (axon diameter:fiber diameter) were estimated. The pathological features of the sural nerves in the 2 type III and 1 of the type II @entity1 revealed a loss of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, and the morphometry studies showed a decreased fiber density, the loss of large myelinated fibers, a smaller size of the axons with thinner myelin sheaths and an increased percentage of myelinated fibers with a g ratio (axon diameter:fiber diameter) above 0.7. However, only subtle pathological changes were noted in the type I @entity1 and the remaining type II @entity1 . Our findings suggested that there is a loss of large myelinated fibers and distal axonopathy with relative @entity12289 of @entity1 with @entity164 .

title: @entity1897 of XXXX in Taiwan: a morphometric and genetic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity12289 :: ('MESH:C535301', 'Disease') :: ['hypomyelination in the neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['MJD', 'Machado-Joseph disease']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['inherited cerebellar ataxia']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Machado-Joseph disease']


abstract: @entity164 ( @entity164 ) is a dominantly @entity6447 associated with @entity508 , @entity4610 , @entity3519 and @entity1897 . Presented here are 5 @entity164 cases. A morphometric analysis of the histopathology of their sural nerves was carried out to know the relationship between axon size and myelin thickness. @entity164 cases were identified by polymerase chain reaction. On the basis of the clinical symptoms, there was 1 type I, 2 type II and 2 type III @entity1 . The sural nerves were biopsied for single-fiber, ultrastructural and morphometric analysis. Morphometric parameters such as fiber and axon sizes, myelin thickness and g ratio (axon diameter:fiber diameter) were estimated. The pathological features of the sural nerves in the 2 type III and 1 of the type II @entity1 revealed a loss of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, and the morphometry studies showed a decreased fiber density, the loss of large myelinated fibers, a smaller size of the axons with thinner myelin sheaths and an increased percentage of myelinated fibers with a g ratio (axon diameter:fiber diameter) above 0.7. However, only subtle pathological changes were noted in the type I @entity1 and the remaining type II @entity1 . Our findings suggested that there is a loss of large myelinated fibers and distal axonopathy with relative @entity12289 of @entity1 with @entity164 .

title: XXXX of @entity164 in Taiwan: a morphometric and genetic study.

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to define the incidence of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) after endovascular treatment of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). Because aortic endograft placement requires prolonged femoral vessel instrumentation, it may be hypothesized that these @entity1 are at increased risk for development of an acute @entity1150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 (42 @entity1 , eight @entity1 ) ranging in age from 48 to 85 years (mean, 72 years) underwent endovascular treatment of an AAA from January 2000 to August 2001. Clinical examination and bilateral lower extremity duplex ultrasonography for @entity1150 were performed on the first postoperative day and at the 1-month follow-up visit. No @entity1 had a prior @entity1150 or identifiable @entity49 state. Seven @entity1 (14%) had concurrent @entity5 . Preoperative antiplatelet agents were administered in 26 @entity1 (52%), and nine (18%) were on @entity1229 therapy before surgery. No new @entity1150 prophylaxis was initiated perioperatively. Epidural anesthesia was used in 60% of the @entity1 , with general endotracheal anesthesia used in the remainder. Risk factors for @entity1150 were evaluated with univariate statistical analysis. RESULTS: Three @entity1 (6%) had an @entity1150 develop. Two occurred in the femoral veins, and one occurred in the popliteal vein. Of these @entity1 , one had been continued on perioperative anticoagulation therapy, and the remaining two were started on low-molecular weight heparin and @entity1229 therapy on recognition of the @entity1150 . One @entity1 had an intraoperative injury of the affected common femoral vein, and this individual was the only one to have clinical signs of a @entity1150 . The mean follow-up period was 8 +/- 0.8 months. In this experience, factors that may have placed @entity1 at increased risk for an acute @entity1150 were not identified. CONCLUSION: Six percent of @entity1 undergoing endovascular repair of @entity1028 had postoperative @entity1150 develop. These @entity1 had a number of risk factors for the development of a @entity1150 ; however, no specific factor was identified that predisposed to @entity1150 .

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX is associated with a low incidence of @entity1150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['acute deep venous thrombosis', 'acute postoperative DVT', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin sodium']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to define the incidence of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) after endovascular treatment of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). Because aortic endograft placement requires prolonged femoral vessel instrumentation, it may be hypothesized that these @entity1 are at increased risk for development of an acute @entity1150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 (42 @entity1 , eight @entity1 ) ranging in age from 48 to 85 years (mean, 72 years) underwent endovascular treatment of an AAA from January 2000 to August 2001. Clinical examination and bilateral lower extremity duplex ultrasonography for @entity1150 were performed on the first postoperative day and at the 1-month follow-up visit. No @entity1 had a prior @entity1150 or identifiable @entity49 state. Seven @entity1 (14%) had concurrent @entity5 . Preoperative antiplatelet agents were administered in 26 @entity1 (52%), and nine (18%) were on @entity1229 therapy before surgery. No new @entity1150 prophylaxis was initiated perioperatively. Epidural anesthesia was used in 60% of the @entity1 , with general endotracheal anesthesia used in the remainder. Risk factors for @entity1150 were evaluated with univariate statistical analysis. RESULTS: Three @entity1 (6%) had an @entity1150 develop. Two occurred in the femoral veins, and one occurred in the popliteal vein. Of these @entity1 , one had been continued on perioperative anticoagulation therapy, and the remaining two were started on low-molecular weight heparin and @entity1229 therapy on recognition of the @entity1150 . One @entity1 had an intraoperative injury of the affected common femoral vein, and this individual was the only one to have clinical signs of a @entity1150 . The mean follow-up period was 8 +/- 0.8 months. In this experience, factors that may have placed @entity1 at increased risk for an acute @entity1150 were not identified. CONCLUSION: Six percent of @entity1 undergoing endovascular repair of @entity1028 had postoperative @entity1150 develop. These @entity1 had a number of risk factors for the development of a @entity1150 ; however, no specific factor was identified that predisposed to @entity1150 .

title: Endovascular treatment of @entity1028 is associated with a low incidence of XXXX .

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the safety of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) within 6 weeks after a nondisabling carotid-related @entity385 . Endpoints were the perioperative @entity64 or mortality rate and the incidence rate of cerebral bleedings. METHODS: This prospective observational multicenter trial was performed in community and university centers. One hundred sixty-four hospitalized @entity1 with nondisabling carotid-related @entity385 were included. The @entity1 were identified clinically with the modified Rankin scale (initial neurologic deficit grade >/= 2, n = 160). Four @entity1 with evidence of ischemic territorial infarction on cerebral computed tomographic (CT) scan but no persisting functional deficit were also included. CEA was performed within 6 weeks after @entity64 . Neurologic examinations were performed initially, before surgery, 3 days after surgery, and 6 weeks after CEA. Worsening of more than 1 grade on the Rankin scale was considered as a new @entity64 or @entity64 extension. Unenhanced CT scans of the brain were performed before and after surgery. CT scans were evaluated blind to clinical @entity1 data. Statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The combined @entity64 or mortality rate within 30 days after CEA was 6.7%. Ten @entity1 had a new @entity64 or @entity64 extension, and one @entity1 died after surgery of a @entity583 . One @entity1 (0.6%) had @entity1779 , and in 10 @entity1 , hemorrhagic transformation within the preexisting @entity1188 was detected but no @entity1188 extension was observed. In the multivariate analysis, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grades III and IV and decreasing age were significant predictors for an increased perioperative risk. @entity1 with a higher risk profile (ASA classification grades III and IV) had a high perioperative risk when CEA was performed within the first 3 weeks (14.6% versus 4.8% beyond 3 weeks). @entity1 without severe concomitant diseases (ASA grades I/II) had a low perioperative risk of 3.4% if CEA was performed within the first 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: Early CEA within 6 weeks after a carotid-related @entity385 can be performed with a perioperative @entity64 or mortality rate comparable with the results reported in the European Carotid Surgery Trial and the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. The risk of @entity548 is low. ASA grades III and IV and decreasing age were predictive of an increased perioperative risk, especially if CEA was performed within the first 3 weeks. @entity1 at low risk can undergo operation safely within the first 3 weeks. Individual @entity1 selection in an interdisciplinary approach between neurologists, anesthesiologists, and vascular surgeons remains mandatory in these @entity1 .

title: The Carotid Surgery for @entity385 trial: a prospective observational study on carotid endarterectomy in the early period after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymatous bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'ischemic infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymatous cerebral bleeding']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the safety of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) within 6 weeks after a nondisabling carotid-related @entity385 . Endpoints were the perioperative @entity64 or mortality rate and the incidence rate of cerebral bleedings. METHODS: This prospective observational multicenter trial was performed in community and university centers. One hundred sixty-four hospitalized @entity1 with nondisabling carotid-related @entity385 were included. The @entity1 were identified clinically with the modified Rankin scale (initial neurologic deficit grade >/= 2, n = 160). Four @entity1 with evidence of ischemic territorial infarction on cerebral computed tomographic (CT) scan but no persisting functional deficit were also included. CEA was performed within 6 weeks after @entity64 . Neurologic examinations were performed initially, before surgery, 3 days after surgery, and 6 weeks after CEA. Worsening of more than 1 grade on the Rankin scale was considered as a new @entity64 or @entity64 extension. Unenhanced CT scans of the brain were performed before and after surgery. CT scans were evaluated blind to clinical @entity1 data. Statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The combined @entity64 or mortality rate within 30 days after CEA was 6.7%. Ten @entity1 had a new @entity64 or @entity64 extension, and one @entity1 died after surgery of a @entity583 . One @entity1 (0.6%) had @entity1779 , and in 10 @entity1 , hemorrhagic transformation within the preexisting @entity1188 was detected but no @entity1188 extension was observed. In the multivariate analysis, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grades III and IV and decreasing age were significant predictors for an increased perioperative risk. @entity1 with a higher risk profile (ASA classification grades III and IV) had a high perioperative risk when CEA was performed within the first 3 weeks (14.6% versus 4.8% beyond 3 weeks). @entity1 without severe concomitant diseases (ASA grades I/II) had a low perioperative risk of 3.4% if CEA was performed within the first 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: Early CEA within 6 weeks after a carotid-related @entity385 can be performed with a perioperative @entity64 or mortality rate comparable with the results reported in the European Carotid Surgery Trial and the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. The risk of @entity548 is low. ASA grades III and IV and decreasing age were predictive of an increased perioperative risk, especially if CEA was performed within the first 3 weeks. @entity1 at low risk can undergo operation safely within the first 3 weeks. Individual @entity1 selection in an interdisciplinary approach between neurologists, anesthesiologists, and vascular surgeons remains mandatory in these @entity1 .

title: The Carotid Surgery for XXXX trial: a prospective observational study on carotid endarterectomy in the early period after @entity385 .

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lipid levels generally fall after an acute @entity583 . This study was conducted to see what trends lipid levels had in @entity1 who underwent operation for @entity63 . METHODS: The study was prospective and included 30 @entity1 who underwent operation for @entity63 . Serum lipid profiles and @entity1851 were analyzed before surgery and 3 months after peripheral bypass surgery. In addition, comparison of lipid levels after surgery was made with 287 healthy and 283 @entity63 heart disease controls from The Copenhagen City Heart Study. RESULTS: Total, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein @entity165 levels were found to be significantly lower before surgery than 3 months after surgery (P <.001). In contrast, @entity1851 was higher before surgery and decreased after 3 months (P <.0001). An inverse linear correlation was found between total @entity165 /low density lipoprotein @entity165 and @entity1851 (P <.001 and P <.04, respectively). Comparison with controls showed that @entity165 levels 3 months after surgery were significantly lower (P <.009). CONCLUSION: Serum @entity165 levels are not reliable in the preoperative period and should therefore be measured at least 3 months after surgery when they seem to approach a more representative level.

title: Serum lipids act as inverse acute phase reactants and are falsely low in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lipid levels generally fall after an acute @entity583 . This study was conducted to see what trends lipid levels had in @entity1 who underwent operation for @entity63 . METHODS: The study was prospective and included 30 @entity1 who underwent operation for @entity63 . Serum lipid profiles and @entity1851 were analyzed before surgery and 3 months after peripheral bypass surgery. In addition, comparison of lipid levels after surgery was made with 287 healthy and 283 @entity63 heart disease controls from The Copenhagen City Heart Study. RESULTS: Total, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein @entity165 levels were found to be significantly lower before surgery than 3 months after surgery (P <.001). In contrast, @entity1851 was higher before surgery and decreased after 3 months (P <.0001). An inverse linear correlation was found between total @entity165 /low density lipoprotein @entity165 and @entity1851 (P <.001 and P <.04, respectively). Comparison with controls showed that @entity165 levels 3 months after surgery were significantly lower (P <.009). CONCLUSION: Serum @entity165 levels are not reliable in the preoperative period and should therefore be measured at least 3 months after surgery when they seem to approach a more representative level.

title: Serum lipids act as inverse acute phase reactants and are falsely low in XXXX with @entity63 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: To compare @entity11450 with @entity4546 as to their efficacy to eradicate @entity1534 in two different treatment schedules both consisting of a combination of either of above with two antibiotics for 1 week, and to relate these treatment results to primary antibiotic resistance. METHODS: 256 @entity1534 positive @entity1 with non-ulcer @entity2210 were randomised to one of the following four treatment groups: @entity4546 20 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity115 1000 mg (OCA); @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 400 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity115 1000 mg (RBCCA); @entity4546 20 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity868 500 mg (OCM); @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 400 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity868 500 mg (RBCCM). All drugs were given twice daily for one week. The @entity1 were assessed for prevalence of @entity1534 by CLO test, histology and culture on gastric biopsy samples obtained during upper @entity344 before randomisation and 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy. Bacterial sensitivity to @entity4581 , @entity868 and @entity115 was determined by E-test. RESULTS: On per-protocol analysis, overall eradication rates were 96% for RBCCA vs. 85% for OCA (p = 0.03), and 95% for RBCCM vs. 79% for OCM (p = 0.01). Amongst the 196 @entity1 (77% of the entire study group) in whom antibiotic sensitivity testing was technically feasible, primary resistance was found in 8% for @entity4581 , in 33% for @entity868 , and in 0% for @entity115 . Eradication of @entity4581 sensitive/resistant strains was 89%/40% for OCA (p = 0.0042) and 98%/80% for RBCCA (p = 0.0428). When strains were sensitive to both antibiotics, cure rates with OCM/RBCCM were 87%/96% respectively (p = 0.39), for strains resistant to @entity4581 only, eradication was achieved in 82% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.2), and in the case of @entity868 resistance in 85% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity11450 in combination with @entity4581 and either @entity868 or @entity115 produced higher eradication rates than @entity4546 co-administered with the same antibiotics. This appeared especially prominent in the subgroups with @entity4581 resistance without, however, reaching statistical significance. Efficacy of neither eradication regimen was influenced by @entity868 sensitivity to a significant degree.

title: The impact of primary antibiotic resistance on the efficacy of XXXX bismuth @entity1792 - vs. @entity4546 -based one-week triple therapies in @entity1534 eradication--a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity11450 :: ('MESH:C073340', 'Chemical') :: ['Ranitidine bismuth citrate', 'ranitidine bismuth citrate']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']