abstract: Fibroepithelial stromal @entity1127 of the vulvovaginal region are benign lesions that, when bland or hypocellular, are readily recognized. However those that exhibit bizarre cytomorphology, atypical mitoses, or hypercellularity, raising the possibility of @entity5 , continue to be underrecognized. The authors reviewed a series of @entity1127 to characterize further the morphologic features that can lead to a misdiagnosis of @entity242 . A total of 33 of 65 consecutive cases of @entity1127 retrieved from the authors' consultation files were remarkable for marked hypercellularity (33 of 33), marked cytologic pleomorphism (21 of 33), mitotic counts of more than 10 mitoses per 10 high-power fields (12 of 33), and the presence of atypical mitoses (14 of 33). A total of 16 of 33 lesions had three or more of these features. Important morphologic clues to the diagnosis (shared with usual @entity1127 at this site) were lack of an identifiable lesional margin, extension of abnormal stromal tissue up to the mucosal-submucosal interface, and the frequent presence of individually scattered multinucleate stromal cells, most often located close to the surface epithelium. Immunohistochemically, seven of 12 cases were @entity2283 positive and one of 11 cases were smooth muscle actin positive. The age range of @entity1 was 16 to 75 years (median, 32 years), and 21 @entity1 (64%) were premenopausal. Sites included the vagina (18 of 33), cervix (seven of 33), and vulva (eight of 33). A total of 14 of 33 @entity1 were pregnant, three @entity1 were taking @entity440 , and one @entity1 was on oral @entity1420 . Eight of 33 @entity1 had multiple lesions at the time of presentation, of whom five were pregnant. Clinical follow-up was available in 21 of 33 @entity1 . Three of 21 @entity1 with follow-up had local, nondestructive recurrence. Two of these @entity1 had multiple recurrences. None of the @entity1 followed developed @entity3 . Cytologic atypia has been a previously recognized feature in these lesions; however, the occurrence of marked stromal cellularity and a mitotic rate of more than 10 mitoses per 10 high-power fields have not been emphasized previously. Moreover, the combination of these features has only rarely been documented. Awareness of the spectrum of histologic features that these lesions can exhibit is crucial in their accurate recognition, thus avoiding potential overtreatment.

title: Cellular pseudosarcomatous @entity1127 of the lower female genital tract: an underrecognized lesion often misdiagnosed as XXXX .

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retrobulbar anesthesia is considered effective in ocular surgery but it can give rise to serious complications. We used peribulbar anesthesia with sub-Tenon's irrigation to perform encircling scleral buckling for @entity1713 , as it could reduce the complications caused by retrobulbar anesthesia. We also recorded the course of @entity158 for 72 hours after surgery. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity1713 were treated with an encircling scleral buckle. The surgery was performed with peribulbar anesthesia with occasional sub-Tenon's irrigation. We evaluated the @entity1 's @entity158 with a visual analogue scale after surgery at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. RESULTS: In 24 cases (80%), the anesthesia was complete with the peribulbar block. Only 6 @entity1 (20%) needed sub-Tenon's irrigation and four of them felt no @entity158 after augmentation. Although all the surgical procedures proceeded without problem, two of the @entity1 felt @entity158 and were uncomfortable during the surgery. No serious complications occurred. The course of @entity158 peaked 6 hours after surgery when 26 @entity1 (86.7%) felt @entity158 and 12 @entity1 (40%) were uncomfortable ( @entity158 score > or = 5). Forty-eight hours after surgery, 9 @entity1 (30%) still felt @entity158 but no one felt uncomfortable. CONCLUSION: Peribulbar anesthesia can be used safely in encircling scleral buckling for @entity1713 . The @entity282 is maximal 6 hours after surgery and becomes mild ( @entity158 score < or = 4) after 48 hours.

title: Evaluation of peribulbar anesthesia in encircling scleral buckle surgery and its XXXX course.

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment', 'retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: 1. Receptive-field properties were investigated in cutaneous @entity7183 nociceptive afferents ( @entity14087 ) responsive to mechanical and heat stimuli. Teased-fiber techniques were used to record from 28 CMHs that innervated the hairy skin of upper or lower limb in anesthetized monkeys. 2. The response to mechanical stimuli was studied with the use of calibrated von Frey probes. The response to heat stimuli was studied with the use of a laser thermal stimulator that provided stepped increases in skin temperature with rise times to the desired temperature near 100 ms. The size of the receptive field (RF) for mechanical stimuli was determined by use of a suprathreshold stimulus that consisted of a 0.5-mm-diam probe that exerted a 200-mN force (10 bar). The size of the heat RF was determined by use of a 49 degrees C stimulus applied to a 7.5-mm-diam area for 1 s. 3. Heat thresholds were determined with an ascending series of stimulus intensities and were found to be stable over many hours: they ranged from 37 to 46 degrees C (mean, 41.1 degrees C). Mechanical thresholds ranged from 1.3 to 7.3 bar (mean, 3.3 bar). There was no correlation between mechanical and heat thresholds. Both thresholds extended well below the corresponding psychophysical @entity158 thresholds in the literature. This suggests that spatial and/or temporal summation of @entity7183 input are important for @entity158 induced by either stimulus modality. 4. Mechanical RF diameters ranged from 3.3 to 9.6 mm (mean, 4.7 mm); heat RF diameters ranged from punctate (less than 1 mm) to 9.5 mm (mean, 4.3 mm). There was a significant linear correlation between mechanical and heat RF sizes with a slope of one. The distance between the center of the mechanical RF and the center of the heat RF along one axis ranged from 0 to 1.1 mm (mean, 0.4 mm). These data indicate that the heat RFs coincided with the mechanical RFs. 5. Within the mechanical RF determined with the suprathreshold stimuli, all CMHs had one or more punctate areas of maximal mechanical sensitivity where mechanical threshold was lowest. Heat excitability extended greater than 2 mm beyond these mechanically sensitive spots. Because lateral transmission of the heat stimulus is small, this indicates that heat transduction occurs outside the regions of maximal mechanical sensitivity. 6. Both the threshold to heat and the response magnitude at suprathreshold intensities depended on the percentage of the RF area overlapped by the heat stimulus. This indicates that multiple transducer sites probably contribute to the total evoked response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Comparison of heat and mechanical receptive fields of cutaneous XXXX nociceptors in monkey.

answer: @entity7183 :: (10185,Species) :: ['C-fiber']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and selected demographic features of @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ) seen over a 10-year period at the Rheumatology service of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados. To compare these data with what is known to obtain in other ethnic populations. DESIGN AND METHODS: A chart review involving all @entity1 who were found to have @entity785 based on the American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria was conducted between 1996 and 2006. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity785 were identified in this predominantly Afro-Caribbean population. The prevalent and incident cases numbered 10 and 17 respectively. Twenty-six of these @entity1 were female and the mean age at diagnosis was 37.3 years. Diffuse cutaneous involvement was seen in 63% of cases and limited cutaneous involvement in 37%. The most common clinical features in descending order of frequency were @entity2407 , @entity354 , pigmentary skin changes, digital pitting/ulceration, @entity8721 and @entity358 . CONCLUSION: In a predominantly Afro-Caribbean population, @entity785 was uncommonly seen, had a marked female preponderance and an earlier age of onset than that seen in Caucasian populations. As expected, diffuse disease was the more common subtype and digital pitting, pigmentary skin changes, and @entity358 were amongst the most frequent clinical features. @entity8721 were found more frequently than the literature suggests is typical for @entity1 of African descent.

title: XXXX in an Afro-Caribbean population: a review of demographic and clinical features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia', 'Telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['Systemic sclerosis']


abstract: 1. Respiratory activity was recorded on ventral cervical roots during in vitro experiments performed on superfused newborn @entity35 brain stem-cervical cord preparations. 2. Eliminating the pontine structures by performing a transection at the level of the ponto-medullary junction resulted in a sustained increase in respiratory frequency, which suggests the existence of a pontine inhibitory drive impinging on the medullary rhythm generator. 3. @entity1063 (NA) and drugs affecting NA efficiency were added to the bathing medium and the resulting changes in respiratory frequency were analysed. NA decreased the respiratory frequency, and this effect was potentiated by @entity4927 (an inhibitor of the NA degradation by @entity1154 oxidases) and blocked by @entity3160 (an alpha 2-antagonist). 4. @entity3160 or @entity17950 (which blocks the alpha 2-adrenoceptors) increased the resting respiratory frequency to the level reached after ponto-medullary transection, whereas @entity4927 or @entity5829 (which potentiates NA efficiency) decreased the respiratory rate. Since these effects were no longer observed after elimination of the pons, it is suggested that a permanent release of endogenous NA by pontine areas may modulate the activity of the medullary respiratory rhythm generator. 5. When alpha- @entity8490 (an inhibitor of NA biosynthesis) was applied to the pons, the respiratory frequency was increased, whereas when @entity669 (a precursor of NA) was applied, the respiratory frequency decreased. This decrease was enhanced by @entity4927 , suppressed by @entity8490 and blocked by @entity17950 . 6. To conclude, it is suggested that the mechanisms underlying NA biosynthesis (i) continue to function under these in vitro experimental conditions and (ii) are responsible for a permanent release of endogenous NA, which slows down the respiratory frequency. These results are discussed as regards the possibility that the medullary respiratory rhythm generator may be modulated via the noradrenergic area A5 in the newborn @entity35 .

title: Permanent release of XXXX modulates respiratory frequency in the newborn @entity35 : an in vitro study.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine', 'Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity17950 :: ('MESH:D010883', 'Chemical') :: ['piperoxane']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity4927 :: ('MESH:D010293', 'Chemical') :: ['pargyline']

entities_list: @entity8490 :: ('CHEBI:6912', 'Chemical') :: ['methyltyrosine', 'alpha-methyltyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['noradrenaline']


abstract: 1. Respiratory activity was recorded on ventral cervical roots during in vitro experiments performed on superfused newborn @entity35 brain stem-cervical cord preparations. 2. Eliminating the pontine structures by performing a transection at the level of the ponto-medullary junction resulted in a sustained increase in respiratory frequency, which suggests the existence of a pontine inhibitory drive impinging on the medullary rhythm generator. 3. @entity1063 (NA) and drugs affecting NA efficiency were added to the bathing medium and the resulting changes in respiratory frequency were analysed. NA decreased the respiratory frequency, and this effect was potentiated by @entity4927 (an inhibitor of the NA degradation by @entity1154 oxidases) and blocked by @entity3160 (an alpha 2-antagonist). 4. @entity3160 or @entity17950 (which blocks the alpha 2-adrenoceptors) increased the resting respiratory frequency to the level reached after ponto-medullary transection, whereas @entity4927 or @entity5829 (which potentiates NA efficiency) decreased the respiratory rate. Since these effects were no longer observed after elimination of the pons, it is suggested that a permanent release of endogenous NA by pontine areas may modulate the activity of the medullary respiratory rhythm generator. 5. When alpha- @entity8490 (an inhibitor of NA biosynthesis) was applied to the pons, the respiratory frequency was increased, whereas when @entity669 (a precursor of NA) was applied, the respiratory frequency decreased. This decrease was enhanced by @entity4927 , suppressed by @entity8490 and blocked by @entity17950 . 6. To conclude, it is suggested that the mechanisms underlying NA biosynthesis (i) continue to function under these in vitro experimental conditions and (ii) are responsible for a permanent release of endogenous NA, which slows down the respiratory frequency. These results are discussed as regards the possibility that the medullary respiratory rhythm generator may be modulated via the noradrenergic area A5 in the newborn @entity35 .

title: Permanent release of @entity1063 modulates respiratory frequency in the newborn XXXX : an in vitro study.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1069 is an uncommon condition that can masquerade as @entity263 on both digital rectal exam and prostate ultrasound. It occurs most often after acute urinary tract infection, transurethral prostate resection, or needle biopsy. It can be seen in systemic @entity738 and after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy for @entity150 . In some cases it is idiopathic. Six @entity1 who underwent transrectal ultrasound of the prostate and subsequent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy had histologic diagnosis of @entity1069 . One @entity1 was undergoing BCG therapy for @entity150 . Two @entity1 had recent urinary tract infections. The other three @entity1 had no known predisposing conditions. Sonographically, the glands were enlarged in five @entity1 , with multiple large and small hypoechoic zones throughout the peripheral, transition, and central zones. The appearance was similar to that seen in diffuse @entity263 . In one @entity1 , a @entity75 in the peripheral zone, indistinguishable from @entity189 , was present. @entity1069 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of focal and diffuse abnormality with prostatic ultrasound.

title: Transrectal ultrasound appearance of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous prostatitis', 'Granulomatous prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous diseases']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['solitary hypoechoic lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['granulomatous prostatitis']


abstract: Tussilago farfara (Kuan Donghua) is an important Chinese herbal medicine which has been shown to contain many bioactive compounds and widely used to relieve cough and resolve phlegm. However, besides therapeutic bioactive compounds, this herb has been found to contain toxic @entity5500 ( @entity6559 ), mainly @entity73081 and traces of @entity29641 . In this report, conditions for microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) were optimized for the extraction of the @entity6559 . The results were compared against heating under reflux. It was found that the binary mixture of @entity2716 : @entity2507 (1:1) acidified using HCl to pH 2-3 was the optimal solvent for the extraction of the @entity6559 in the plant materials. Liquid chromatography (LC) with ultra-violet (UV) detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI- @entity15 ) in the positive mode was used for the determination and quantitation of @entity73081 and @entity29641 in the botanical extract. The proposed extraction methods with LC/ @entity15 allow for the rapid detection of the major and the minor alkaloids in T. farfara in the presence of co-eluting peaks. With LC/ @entity15 , the quantitative analysis of @entity6559 in the extract was done using internal standard calibration and the precision was found to vary from 0.6% to 5.4% on different days. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) for MAE and PHWE were found to vary from 0.26 microg/g to 1.04 micro/g and 1.32 micro/g to 5.29 microg/g, respectively. The method precision of MAE and PHWE were found to vary from 3.7% to 10.4% on different days. The results showed that major and minor alkaloids extracted using MAE and PHWE were comparable to that by heating under reflux. Our data also showed that significant ion suppression was not observed in the analysis of @entity73081 and @entity29641 in the botanical extracts with co-eluting peaks.

title: Determination of XXXX and @entity29641 in Tussilago farfara using microwave-assisted extraction and pressurized hot water extraction with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity73081 :: ('MESH:C009238', 'Chemical') :: ['senkirkine']

entities_list: @entity5500 :: ('MESH:D011763', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolizidine alkaloids']

entities_list: @entity29641 :: ('MESH:C009237', 'Chemical') :: ['senecionine']

answer: @entity73081 :: (MESH:C009238,Chemical) :: ['senkirkine']


abstract: Tussilago farfara (Kuan Donghua) is an important Chinese herbal medicine which has been shown to contain many bioactive compounds and widely used to relieve cough and resolve phlegm. However, besides therapeutic bioactive compounds, this herb has been found to contain toxic @entity5500 ( @entity6559 ), mainly @entity73081 and traces of @entity29641 . In this report, conditions for microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) were optimized for the extraction of the @entity6559 . The results were compared against heating under reflux. It was found that the binary mixture of @entity2716 : @entity2507 (1:1) acidified using HCl to pH 2-3 was the optimal solvent for the extraction of the @entity6559 in the plant materials. Liquid chromatography (LC) with ultra-violet (UV) detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI- @entity15 ) in the positive mode was used for the determination and quantitation of @entity73081 and @entity29641 in the botanical extract. The proposed extraction methods with LC/ @entity15 allow for the rapid detection of the major and the minor alkaloids in T. farfara in the presence of co-eluting peaks. With LC/ @entity15 , the quantitative analysis of @entity6559 in the extract was done using internal standard calibration and the precision was found to vary from 0.6% to 5.4% on different days. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) for MAE and PHWE were found to vary from 0.26 microg/g to 1.04 micro/g and 1.32 micro/g to 5.29 microg/g, respectively. The method precision of MAE and PHWE were found to vary from 3.7% to 10.4% on different days. The results showed that major and minor alkaloids extracted using MAE and PHWE were comparable to that by heating under reflux. Our data also showed that significant ion suppression was not observed in the analysis of @entity73081 and @entity29641 in the botanical extracts with co-eluting peaks.

title: Determination of @entity73081 and XXXX in Tussilago farfara using microwave-assisted extraction and pressurized hot water extraction with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity29641 :: (MESH:C009237,Chemical) :: ['senecionine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity531 are expressed by various clinical manifestations. Treatment is mainly rehabilitation. We aimed to identify factors predicting long-term functional rehabilitation in @entity1 with this treatment and recurrence of symptoms. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a descriptive retrospective analysis of 84 @entity1 who underwent rehabilitation for @entity531 as defined by Revel and colleagues. Data collection involved a questionnaire exploring personal information, risk factors for developing @entity531 , clinical signs, and x-ray results. Long-term results of treatment were evaluated by telephone questionnaire. Data analysis involved use of Stata 6 software. RESULTS: Univariate analysis: predictive factors of negative results with treatment were @entity8018 , sensitive disturbances at the time of diagnosis, and a positive Adson's test result. Predictive factors of positive results were absence of paresthesia at the end of the treatment, and a negative "bell sign" at the end of the treatment. Predictive factors of nonrecurring symptoms were age younger than 34, bilateral positive Adson test result, and need for a supplementary number of sessions. MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS: predictive factors of positive results with treatment were absence of sensitive impairment at the time of diagnosis, compliance with home exercises, initial negative Adson's test result, absence of @entity8018 , and absence of paresthesia at the end of treatment. Predictive factors of recurring symptoms were age younger than 34, the need for a supplementary number of sessions and bilateral positive Adson's test result. CONCLUSION: A larger number of subjects are needed to further explore the predictive factors of rehabilitation and recurring symptoms in @entity531 for better validity and significance.

title: [Predictive factors of long-term functional rehabilitation in thoracic outlet syndromes: 85 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic outlet syndromes', 'thoracic outlet syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['ligament hypermobility', 'hypermobility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are one of the major classes of proteolytic enzymes involved in @entity5 invasion and @entity3 , being inhibited by naturally occurring tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Sixty-five @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity356 in 1992 at Chonnam National University Hospital were selected for this study. The primary selection criteria were the availability of @entity406 -fixed and @entity982 -embedded blocks and sufficient clinical follow-up for @entity5 -specific survival analysis. In this study, we examined the expression of @entity2843 and @entity1552 in @entity1 @entity356 tissue by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between their expression and clinicopathological parameters. @entity2843 and @entity1552 expressions were detected predominantly in the peritumor stromal cells rather than @entity5 cells themselves. Immunohistochemical stainings were concordant with the result obtained by in situ hybridization. The intensity of @entity2843 immunohistochemical stromal staining correlated with @entity5 stage (P = 0.009) and @entity1 survival (P = 0.025). However, the intensity of @entity1552 immunohistochemical stromal staining did not correlate with @entity5 stage (P = 0.339) and @entity1 survival (P = 0.474). The correlation between the increased @entity2843 expression and @entity5 stage noted in this study reflects a role of @entity2843 in predicting the @entity356 . @entity1552 expression did not correlate with clinicopathological parameters. However, expression of @entity2843 and the possible additional value of @entity1552 should be further explored in determining the prognosis of @entity356 .

title: Expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'aggressive behavior of gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Orbital decompression for @entity6875 may be performed by open or transnasal endoscopic approaches; however, criteria for the selection of the appropriate surgical technique have not been well-defined. Our goal was to compare the surgical outcomes of orbital decompression techniques employed by the otolaryngology and ophthalmology services at a single institution, so as to clarify the indications and develop a rationale for optimal management. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Orbital decompressions on 112 orbits of 69 @entity1 from 2001 to 2008 at a tertiary care academic medical center. RESULTS: The majority (83%) of orbital decompressions were performed primarily for proptosis, whereas the remainder was indicated for @entity1781 . Maximum @entity5768 was achieved with an endoscopic medial and inferior orbital wall decompression combined with a lateral orbitotomy with fat removal. The average reduction in proptosis was 7.4 mm+/-2.3 mm (primary surgery for proptosis). The endoscopic approach alone provided the least average proptosis reduction but was highly successful in the treatment of @entity1781 . CONCLUSIONS: A three-wall decompression using a combined endoscopic and external approach provides the greatest amount of decompression. The endoscopic approach as a single modality is best suited for @entity1 with mild proptosis and for @entity1 with @entity1781 . Cooperation between otolaryngology and ophthalmology achieves the best care for @entity1 with @entity2194 who require surgical treatment.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid eye disease']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of proptosis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['dysthyroid optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['dysthyroid orbitopathy']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['dysthyroid orbitopathy']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is characterized by extracellular deposits of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta), a peptide that is generated upon proteolytic cleavage of @entity477 ( @entity477 ). The events leading to the development of @entity195 and their sequence are not yet fully understood. @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) has been suggested to have a significant role in controlling @entity528 and in the aberrant signal transduction taking place in @entity195 . Several studies document a deficit in @entity7131 levels and activity in brains of @entity195 @entity1 when compared with those of normal controls. Such a decrease in @entity7131 could have serious implications since certain @entity7131 isozymes were shown to drive the @entity477 proteolytic cleavage into a non-amyloidogenic pathway. Reduced levels of distinct @entity7131 isozymes could thus contribute to driving @entity477 processing toward an amyloidogenic pathway. The direct cause for the down-regulation of @entity7131 in @entity195 brains is still unknown. In that respect, we tested in this study whether @entity477 may play a role in @entity7131 reduction. We show in three different cell lines (CHO, COS and BOSC) that overexpression of @entity477 leads to decreased @entity7131 levels. This decrease was found to be specific for the epsilon @entity7131 isozyme whereas the levels of delta, alpha and conventional @entity7131 remained unchanged. Furthermore, we observed this decrease for both active, membrane-associated and inactive, cytosolic epsilon @entity7131 . @entity477 -driven decrease in epsilon @entity7131 is most likely mediated by a factor in the culture medium, since transfer of medium from cultured cells overexpressing @entity477 to na  ve, non-overexpressing cells, has also led to the selective decrease in epsilon @entity7131 levels. Taken together, our results suggest that @entity477 expression levels may play a role in the decrease of epsilon @entity7131 levels in @entity195 brains and could thus affect the responsiveness of @entity195 brain tissues to growth factors and neurotransmitters.

title: Overexpression of XXXX reduces epsilon protein kinase C levels.

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'Protein kinase C']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['APP', 'amyloid precursor protein']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity477 :: (351,Gene) :: ['amyloid precursor protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: National Health and Nutritional Examination surveys have documented poor rates of @entity101 treatment and control, leading to preventable morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: To examine covariation in the medication and health lifestyle beliefs and behaviors of @entity1 with @entity101 to identify and profile distinct subgroups of @entity1 . METHODS: A sample of 727 @entity1 with @entity101 , weighted to match the 1992 National Health Interview Survey age and sex distribution of @entity1 with @entity101 , was interviewed by telephone about their beliefs and behaviors regarding @entity101 and its management. Cluster analysis of key variables was used to identify 4 @entity1 types. RESULTS: Subgroups differed significantly. Group A members use an effective mix of medication and health lifestyle regimens to control blood pressure. Group B members are most likely to depend on medication and have high adherence rates. Yet they also have high rates of smoking (29%) and @entity167 use (average, 104 times per year) and are less likely to exercise regularly. Group C members are most likely to forget to take medication, are likely to be @entity28 , and find it most difficult to comply with lifestyle changes (except for very low rates of smoking and @entity167 use). Group D members are least likely to take medication, most likely to change or stop medication without consulting their physician (20%), most likely to smoke (40%), and least likely to control diet (29%). Group A and B members have better health outcomes than group C and D members. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal management strategies are likely to differ for the 4 @entity1 types. Further research should be conducted to validate these findings on a separate sample and to devise and test tailored management algorithms for @entity101 compliance and control.

title: Implications of a health lifestyle and medication analysis for improving XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Since currently used assays of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) lack sensitivity or are not easily adaptable in all laboratories, we have developed an enzyme immunoassay for @entity11015 in biological fluids and tissues. Antibodies to @entity11015 were raised in @entity95 after administration of an @entity11015 -bovine serum albumin conjugate. The enzymatic tracer was obtained by coupling @entity11015 via its @entity1472 group to acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). These reagents were used for the development of a competitive immunoassay performed on microtitration plates. The limit of quantification was 100 pg/ml in plasma and 1 ng/g in tissues. The plasma assay was performed directly without extraction on a minimal volume of 0.1 ml. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were in the range of 5 to 17%, and the recoveries were 92 to 111% for @entity11015 added to @entity1 plasma. The assay was applied to a pharmacokinetic study with @entity19 given @entity11015 intraperitoneally at the dose of 1 mg/kg. The drug distribution in selected compartments (plasma, liver, spleen, lung, and brain) was monitored until 72 h after administration. In conclusion, our assay is at least 100-fold more sensitive than previously described bioassays or chromatographic determinations of @entity11015 and may be useful in studying the tissue pharmacokinetics of new @entity11015 formulations and in drug monitoring in clinical situations.

title: A sensitive XXXX immunoassay for pharmacokinetic and distribution studies.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: @entity796 expresses a low level of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump and shows natural resistance to many structurally and functionally diverse antibiotics. The mutation that has been referred to previously as nfxC expresses an additional efflux pump, MexEF-OprN, exhibiting resistance to @entity2887 , @entity2892 , and @entity2755 and hypersusceptibility to @entity3405 antibiotics. To address the antibiotic specificity of the MexEF-OprN efflux pump, we introduced a plasmid carrying the mexEF-oprN operon into @entity796 lacking the mexAB-oprM operon. The transformants exhibited resistance to @entity2887 , @entity206 , and @entity2755 but, unlike most nfxC-type mutants, did not show @entity3405 hypersusceptibility. The transformants exhibited additional resistance to @entity803 . In the next experiment, we analyzed the MexEF-OprN pump subunit(s) responsible for substrate selectivity by expressing MexE, MexF, OprN, and MexEF in strains lacking MexA, MexB, OprM, and MexAB, respectively. The MexEF-OprM/DeltaMexAB transformants exhibited MexEF-OprN-type pump function that rendered the strains resistant to @entity2887 and @entity2755 but did not change susceptibility to @entity3405 antibiotics compared with the host strain. The MexAB-OprN/DeltaOprM, MexAF-OprM/DeltaMexB, and MexEB-OprM/DeltaMexA mutants exhibited antibiotic susceptibility indistinguishable from that in the mutant lacking both types of efflux pumps. The results imply that the MexEF-OprM pump selects substrates by a MexEF functional unit. Interestingly, OprN did not link functionally with the MexAB complex, despite the fact that OprM interacted functionally with MexEF.

title: Assignment of the substrate-selective subunits of the MexEF-OprN multidrug efflux pump of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: @entity1576 is a common complication among @entity1 sustaining major @entity130 . This is usually due to the underlying @entity651 , @entity55 , or adult @entity649 . However, we have frequently found these @entity1 to actually have a pleural process as the cause of their @entity1576 . Our objective was to assess the frequency of @entity3509 and restrictive pleural processes after @entity130 and their contribution to @entity1576 . We retrospectively reviewed all @entity130 @entity1 over a 5-year period who required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity3509 . Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity130 required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity3509 . The most common finding was infected, loculated hemothorax/effusion in 23 @entity1 , whereas 5 had an associated @entity55 . Chest radiographs were nondiscriminating, whereas CT scans in 25 @entity1 showed previously unrecognized fluid collections, air-fluid levels, or gas bubbles. Neither thoracentesis nor placement of additional chest tubes was helpful. Positive cultures were uncommon. @entity734 was present preoperatively in 13 @entity1 who were on the ventilator an average of 13 days preoperatively and only 5.8 days postoperatively. Several @entity1 believed to have adult @entity649 were weaned within 72 hours of operation. All @entity1 were ultimately cured. @entity3509 is an under-recognized complication of @entity130 and may contribute to @entity1576 and ventilator dependence. Although difficult to diagnose, @entity3509 should be considered in @entity130 @entity1 with @entity1576 and an abnormal chest radiograph. CT aids in the diagnosis, and the results of surgical treatment are excellent.

title: XXXX and restrictive pleural processes after @entity130 : an under-recognized cause of @entity1576 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['empyema', 'Empyema']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary injury']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'Respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Ventilator dependence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['Empyema']


abstract: @entity1576 is a common complication among @entity1 sustaining major @entity130 . This is usually due to the underlying @entity651 , @entity55 , or adult @entity649 . However, we have frequently found these @entity1 to actually have a pleural process as the cause of their @entity1576 . Our objective was to assess the frequency of @entity3509 and restrictive pleural processes after @entity130 and their contribution to @entity1576 . We retrospectively reviewed all @entity130 @entity1 over a 5-year period who required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity3509 . Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity130 required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity3509 . The most common finding was infected, loculated hemothorax/effusion in 23 @entity1 , whereas 5 had an associated @entity55 . Chest radiographs were nondiscriminating, whereas CT scans in 25 @entity1 showed previously unrecognized fluid collections, air-fluid levels, or gas bubbles. Neither thoracentesis nor placement of additional chest tubes was helpful. Positive cultures were uncommon. @entity734 was present preoperatively in 13 @entity1 who were on the ventilator an average of 13 days preoperatively and only 5.8 days postoperatively. Several @entity1 believed to have adult @entity649 were weaned within 72 hours of operation. All @entity1 were ultimately cured. @entity3509 is an under-recognized complication of @entity130 and may contribute to @entity1576 and ventilator dependence. Although difficult to diagnose, @entity3509 should be considered in @entity130 @entity1 with @entity1576 and an abnormal chest radiograph. CT aids in the diagnosis, and the results of surgical treatment are excellent.

title: @entity3509 and restrictive pleural processes after @entity130 : an under-recognized cause of XXXX .

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: @entity1576 is a common complication among @entity1 sustaining major @entity130 . This is usually due to the underlying @entity651 , @entity55 , or adult @entity649 . However, we have frequently found these @entity1 to actually have a pleural process as the cause of their @entity1576 . Our objective was to assess the frequency of @entity3509 and restrictive pleural processes after @entity130 and their contribution to @entity1576 . We retrospectively reviewed all @entity130 @entity1 over a 5-year period who required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity3509 . Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity130 required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity3509 . The most common finding was infected, loculated hemothorax/effusion in 23 @entity1 , whereas 5 had an associated @entity55 . Chest radiographs were nondiscriminating, whereas CT scans in 25 @entity1 showed previously unrecognized fluid collections, air-fluid levels, or gas bubbles. Neither thoracentesis nor placement of additional chest tubes was helpful. Positive cultures were uncommon. @entity734 was present preoperatively in 13 @entity1 who were on the ventilator an average of 13 days preoperatively and only 5.8 days postoperatively. Several @entity1 believed to have adult @entity649 were weaned within 72 hours of operation. All @entity1 were ultimately cured. @entity3509 is an under-recognized complication of @entity130 and may contribute to @entity1576 and ventilator dependence. Although difficult to diagnose, @entity3509 should be considered in @entity130 @entity1 with @entity1576 and an abnormal chest radiograph. CT aids in the diagnosis, and the results of surgical treatment are excellent.

title: @entity3509 and restrictive pleural processes after XXXX : an under-recognized cause of @entity1576 .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Robotic cystectomy is an emerging alternative for treatment of @entity150 (BCa). However, reduction in postoperative morbidity relative to the open approach has not been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: To compare complication rates in @entity1 undergoing robotic versus open radical cystectomy (RC). DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A prospective cohort study of 187 consecutive @entity1 undergoing RC at our institution-104 open RC, 83 robotic RC. INTERVENTION: Open or robotic RC with urinary diversion. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic, perioperative, and complication data were recorded prospectively. Thirty-day and 90-d complication rates were assessed using the modified Clavien complication scale. Data were evaluated using chi(2) and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: At 30 d, the open group demonstrated a higher overall complication rate (59% vs 41%; p=0.04) as well as more major complications (30% vs 10%; p=0.007). At 90 d, the overall complication rate was greater in the open group, but this was not statistically significant (62% vs 48%; p=0.07). However, there was a significantly higher major complication rate in the open cohort (31% vs 17%; p=0.03). When subjected to logistic regression analysis, robotic cystectomy was an independent predictor of fewer overall and major complications at 30 and 90 d. High American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (3-4) and longer surgical time were independent predictors of major complications. Though this is one of the largest published RC series, the sample size is relatively small. Moreover, despite the two @entity1 cohorts being similarly matched, the study was not performed in a randomized fashion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing robotic cystectomy experienced fewer @entity260 than those undergoing open cystectomy. Robotic cystectomy is an independent predictor of fewer overall and major complications. Until long-term oncologic results are available, robotic cystectomy should still be considered investigational.

title: A XXXX in open versus robotic cystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['invasive bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['comparison of postoperative complications']


abstract: The effectiveness of the @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ) with a GAC catalyst was assessed based on the degradation and COD removal of @entity3971 from the saline wastewater, as compared with the single ozonation process (SOP). The @entity1650 attained a much higher level of @entity3971 degradation compared to the SOP. The influence of several variables was investigated, including pH of solution, @entity1219 concentration, and dosage of GAC, for their effects on @entity1650 @entity3971 degradation in a synthetic saline wastewater. The maximum degradation of @entity3971 was achieved at pH 8 and 20 g/L GAC. @entity1219 had no adverse effect on @entity3971 removal at ranges between 0.5 and 50 g/L. The activated @entity505 acted mostly as a catalyst for @entity1787 decomposition, and the subsequent generation of @entity3787 radicals. Furthermore, the GAC preserved its catalytic properties after 5 times reuse. The capability of a biological process to treat @entity1650 effluent was also investigated. Results showed that a 10 min reaction time in @entity1650 under optimum conditions reduces the concentrations of @entity3971 and COD to an acceptable level for efficient post-treating in a suspended growth bioreactor at a short aeration time of 4h. Thus, the integration of @entity1650 with a biological process is proven to be a technically and economically effective method for treating saline wastewaters containing recalcitrant compounds.

title: The investigation of catalytic ozonation and integrated catalytic ozonation/biological processes for the removal of XXXX from saline wastewaters.

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['COP', 'catalytic ozonation process']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['phenol']


abstract: Early diagnosis and treatment of @entity311 cases is one of the basic elements of the current global @entity311 control strategy. In order to provide this service to @entity1 in rural areas there is a need for new cost-effective approaches. To ensure that such new approaches are acceptable to the target communities, it is important to know the rationale for @entity1 's @entity311 treatment-seeking behavior. The present study provides insights into the reasons for @entity1 's preferences for different types of healthcare facilities and describes variation of these preferences within a rural community in @entity3595 Lanka. The study reports on the experiences with the establishment of a village health facility and its effect on the treatment-seeking behavior of the population. After the introduction of the village treatment center it quickly took over the role of main provider for diagnosis and treatment of @entity311 from the government facilities. The treatment center did not improve the response time in seeking treatment for young @entity1 , but the delay for adults was reduced by 1-2 days. Mothers with small @entity1 often preferred the government facilities since they wanted a more qualified opinion than available from the locally recruited staff of the village treatment center. The treatment center significantly reduced the stress and discomfort experienced by the elderly and handicapped segment of the community. The study indicated that the effective catchment area of a village treatment center will be influenced by the degree of initial support from key individuals in the communities, the selection procedure and training of assistants, and the history of the relationships between different villages to be served by the center. The government health services and communities across the dry zone of @entity3595 Lanka could benefit substantially from the establishment of more village treatment centers. To ensure the long-term sustainability of these type of facilities it is necessary to assess the feasibility of charging a user fee and establishing multi-purpose clinics. Government policies and administrative procedures will need to be adjusted to make the successful operation of village treatment centers possible.

title: A village treatment center for @entity311 : community response in XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'children']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: Early diagnosis and treatment of @entity311 cases is one of the basic elements of the current global @entity311 control strategy. In order to provide this service to @entity1 in rural areas there is a need for new cost-effective approaches. To ensure that such new approaches are acceptable to the target communities, it is important to know the rationale for @entity1 's @entity311 treatment-seeking behavior. The present study provides insights into the reasons for @entity1 's preferences for different types of healthcare facilities and describes variation of these preferences within a rural community in @entity3595 Lanka. The study reports on the experiences with the establishment of a village health facility and its effect on the treatment-seeking behavior of the population. After the introduction of the village treatment center it quickly took over the role of main provider for diagnosis and treatment of @entity311 from the government facilities. The treatment center did not improve the response time in seeking treatment for young @entity1 , but the delay for adults was reduced by 1-2 days. Mothers with small @entity1 often preferred the government facilities since they wanted a more qualified opinion than available from the locally recruited staff of the village treatment center. The treatment center significantly reduced the stress and discomfort experienced by the elderly and handicapped segment of the community. The study indicated that the effective catchment area of a village treatment center will be influenced by the degree of initial support from key individuals in the communities, the selection procedure and training of assistants, and the history of the relationships between different villages to be served by the center. The government health services and communities across the dry zone of @entity3595 Lanka could benefit substantially from the establishment of more village treatment centers. To ensure the long-term sustainability of these type of facilities it is necessary to assess the feasibility of charging a user fee and establishing multi-purpose clinics. Government policies and administrative procedures will need to be adjusted to make the successful operation of village treatment centers possible.

title: A village treatment center for XXXX : community response in @entity3595 Lanka.

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: After breast augmentation, separation of breast tissue from the implant is common, especially in @entity1 with well-formed preoperative breasts. This problem is enhanced to a marked @entity85 of @entity1159 with firm, fixed implants. This paper addresses this problem preoperatively and therapeutically in secondary correction of double-bubble and waterfall deformity. The author classifies and explains @entity85 in @entity1 in whom the implant is below the normal crease, with glandular breast tissue superior and anterior to the implant. In "waterfall" deformity (a term suggested by the author), the glandular breast tissue droops over the implant and is inferior and anterior to the implant. Treatment used consists of opening the breast tissue from its posterior surface using radial incisions to accommodate the implant. This allows the two structures--the breast tissue and the implant-to blend as one unit with satisfactory results. The technique is easy to perform and teach. Complications are similar to those of regular breast augmentation. Strangely, radial incisions have not increased complications, and there have been no cases of @entity2080 or @entity1410 to date.

title: Augmentation in ptotic and densely glandular breasts: prevention, treatment, and classification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['scar contracture']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['double-bubble deformity', 'deformity in cases']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['double-bubble deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: When @entity13081 ( @entity13081 ) is suspected, genetic tests are at the centre of screening procedures. It was the aim of this study to compare the diagnostic value of molecular biological investigations with that of conventional biochemical tests. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study cohort consisted of all 144 @entity1 cared for in our department since 1990 with the suspected diagnosis of @entity13081 (evidence of a @entity259 [ @entity259 ]), coexistence of two @entity5 or a family history of @entity13081 . 14 of the 144 @entity1 (from 12 families) were already known to have an hereditary @entity259 , while the remaining 130 had been referred for further diagnostic investigations. RESULTS: An hereditary @entity259 was diagnosed in 22 of the 130 @entity1 , a sporadic @entity259 in 32, while no definitive classification was possible in 20 @entity259 @entity1 without a positive family history and on whom no mutation analysis had been performed. @entity13081 was excluded in 56 family members. All 22 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity259 had abnormally high calcitonin levels. A germ-line mutation in the @entity8958 proto-oncogene was found in 8 of the 9 families who had undergone molecular biological tests. The investigate results led to a thyroidectomy in 19 of the 22 @entity1 with hereditary @entity259 ; in all of them the surgical specimen showed @entity1373 and/o @entity259 . CONCLUSION: These results emphasize the importance of genetic tests in family screening. Preoperative measurement of calcitonin remains essential in @entity13081 families in whom a germ-line mutation is not known. The choice of the appropriate diagnostic test must be individualized to the particular @entity1 so that optimal results are obtained.

title: [Predictive genetic investigations. Individualization of diagnosis and treatment in families with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MEN2 tumours']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['C-cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity13081 :: ('MESH:D018813', 'Disease') :: ['MEN2', 'multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'MTC']

answer: @entity13081 :: (MESH:D018813,Disease) :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia type II']


abstract: Satietin is thought to be an endogenous glycoprotein that can suppress food intake (FI) and body weight (b.wt.). In Experiment 1, @entity35 were ICV infused with either a-CSF or with 50 micrograms/ @entity35 of @entity1 satietin. FI was suppressed (p less than 0.05) for 2 days after infusion, whereas b.wt. was attenuated (p less than 0.05) for 14 days. In Experiment 2, the previously thought homogenous @entity1 satietin was further purified by HPLC and this yielded two peaks (A and @entity35 were ICV infused with either a-CSF or 50 micrograms/ @entity35 of Peak A, Peak B or the semipurified parent @entity1 satietin (sph-SAT) from which the peaks were derived. All three treatments suppressed (p less than 0.05) FI on day 1 after infusion and on day 2 in the groups that received Peak A and sph-SAT. Body weight was attenuated (p less than 0.01) in all the experimental groups on day 1 and for 2 and 10 days, respectively, in the Peak A and sph-SAT-treated groups. Immunostaining revealed Peak A contained both albumin and alpha-1-glycoprotein ( @entity6614 ), whereas Peak B contained neither. In the last experiment @entity35 were ICV infused with either a-CSF or 50 micrograms/ @entity35 of @entity6614 or @entity6614 that was put through the sph-SAT extraction procedure. FI was suppressed (p less than 0.01) and b.wt. attenuated in both experimental groups only on the first day postinfusion. These data suggest that some, but possibly not all, of the previously found biological activity attributed to sph-SAT might be due to contaminants of the preparation.

title: The effects of semi- and HPLC-purified XXXX satietin and alpha-1-glycoprotein on ingestion and body weight.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic strategies and prognostic factors which influence on clinical outcome of @entity201 . METHODS: A total of 144 @entity1 with @entity201 underwent operation between January 1990 and December 2005 were analyzed, including 102 males and 42 females with 36- 74-years-old. All @entity1 underwent resection among which 86 cases (59.7%) had an R0 resection (negative histologic margins), 34 cases (23.6%) had an R1 resection (positive histologic margins), 24 cases (16.7%) had an R2 resection. The @entity1535 -Corlette classification of @entity4960 : 28 cases (23.3%) in type I , 49 cases (40.8%) in type II, 10 cases (8.3%) in type III A, 19 cases (15. 8%) in type III B and 14 cases (11.7%) in type IV. The TNM stages of @entity4960 : 19 cases (15.8%) in stage I, 80 cases in stage II (66.7%), 16 cases in stage III (13.3%), 5 cases in stage IV (4.2%). In @entity4960 , there were 41 cases with well differentiated and 79 cases with moderately and poorly differentiated, 62 cases (51.7%) with negative lymph nodes and 58 cases (48.3%) with positive lymph nodes, 42 cases in stage T1 and 78 cases in stage T2-3, 86 cases with negative blood vessel metastasis and 34 cases with positive blood vessel metastasis. RESULTS: The median survival time was 46.8 months after R0 resection, 18.3 months after R1 resection, and 11.2 months after R2 resection. The 1-, 3- and 5-year cumulative survival rates of the @entity1 were 60.2%, 36.1% and 29.4%. Survival rates after resection in @entity1 with negative lymph nodes (n = 62) were significantly longer than that in those with positive lymph nodes (n = 58) (P < 0.01). The T stage system predicted respectability and the likelihood of an R0 resection and correlated with survival (P = 0.030). @entity1 requiring portal vein resection had a worse prognosis than those without vascular resection (P = 0.047) but still survived longer than @entity1 who were unresectable (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Negative histologic margins, concomitant partial hepatectomy, and well-differentiated @entity5 histology are associated with improved outcome after all @entity201 resections. In @entity1 who underwent an R0 resection, concomitant partial hepatectomy is the only independent predictor of long-term survival.

title: [Analysis of the surgical outcome and prognostic factors for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) have previously been shown to have an increased incidence of @entity532 after renal transplantation. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of @entity4436 in the @entity8 population. We retrospectively reviewed @entity1 with advanced @entity8 , defined as @entity454 requiring dialysis. @entity1 were obtained from a single nephrology group practice between January 1985 and January 1997, or from all @entity1 being evaluated or actively considered for renal transplantation at our institution as of May 1997. The incidence and severity of @entity4436 in these @entity1 was compared with that observed in a similar cohort of @entity1 with @entity454 due to other etiologies. The study population consisted of 184 @entity177 @entity1 , 59 with @entity8 and 125 with other causes of @entity454 . Twelve (20%) @entity1 with @entity8 had a history of active @entity4436 , whereas only 4 (3%) of the non- @entity8 controls had @entity4436 (P = 0.0003, Fisher's exact test). Six of the 12 @entity8 @entity1 required surgical intervention. @entity1 with @entity177 due to @entity8 experience a significantly higher rate of @entity4436 than do other @entity1 with @entity454 . Furthermore, @entity4436 is frequently severe in @entity8 @entity1 , with 50 per cent requiring surgical intervention. These data suggest that @entity66 may be an extrarenal manifestation of @entity8 .

title: @entity4436 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['PKD', 'polycystic kidney disease', 'adult polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) have previously been shown to have an increased incidence of @entity532 after renal transplantation. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of @entity4436 in the @entity8 population. We retrospectively reviewed @entity1 with advanced @entity8 , defined as @entity454 requiring dialysis. @entity1 were obtained from a single nephrology group practice between January 1985 and January 1997, or from all @entity1 being evaluated or actively considered for renal transplantation at our institution as of May 1997. The incidence and severity of @entity4436 in these @entity1 was compared with that observed in a similar cohort of @entity1 with @entity454 due to other etiologies. The study population consisted of 184 @entity177 @entity1 , 59 with @entity8 and 125 with other causes of @entity454 . Twelve (20%) @entity1 with @entity8 had a history of active @entity4436 , whereas only 4 (3%) of the non- @entity8 controls had @entity4436 (P = 0.0003, Fisher's exact test). Six of the 12 @entity8 @entity1 required surgical intervention. @entity1 with @entity177 due to @entity8 experience a significantly higher rate of @entity4436 than do other @entity1 with @entity454 . Furthermore, @entity4436 is frequently severe in @entity8 @entity1 , with 50 per cent requiring surgical intervention. These data suggest that @entity66 may be an extrarenal manifestation of @entity8 .

title: XXXX and @entity8 .

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['Diverticulitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of color of Uygur's oral soft and hard tissue. METHOD: One hundred and fifty-one Uygur medical students (18 to 22 years) were included in this study. The Lab*, @entity17698 *, Hab0, values of subjects' anterior teeth, upper and lower vermilion, @entity1464 were measured. RESULTS: The mean and distribution of Lab*, @entity17698 *, Hab0, values of Uygur youth' anterior teeth were obtained. The Lab* values of @entity1464 , upper and lower vermilion in male were 50.50 +/- 3.59, 41.92 +/- 4.10, 45.02 +/- 3.06, and @entity17698 * were 29.94 +/- 3.21, 27.00 +/- 2.47, 30.35 +/- 2.67, and Hab0 were 30.00 +/- 3.27, 31.71 +/- 3.69, 27.73 +/- 3.27, respectively. The Lab* values of @entity1464 , upper and lower vermilion in female were 54.28 +/- 5.06, 41.73 +/- 3.70, 47.27 +/- 2.97, and @entity17698 * were 27.98 +/- 3.93, 27.23 +/- 2.42, 31.22 +/- 2.59, and Hab0 were 33.39 +/- 3.67, 32.28 +/- 3.68, 27.57 +/- 2.65. CONCLUSIONS: There was a specific color space distribution pattern in oral soft and hard tissue in Uygur youth. There was a trend of decreasing lightness, increasing saturation, and red hue shifting from the center to both distal directions. There was statistical significant gender difference in color of tooth and @entity1464 . What's more, there was extremely significant difference between upper and lower vermilion.

title: [Investigation of the color of anterior teeth, vermilion and XXXX of 151 Uygur youth].

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['attachment gingiva']

answer: @entity1464 :: (MESH:D005889,Disease) :: ['attachment gingiva']


abstract: We studied @entity3479 ) and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) levels in plasma and peritoneal effluent in 10 @entity1 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) before, and 8 and 12 weeks after, treatment with recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 (rHuEPO). Plasma @entity3479 and @entity2289 levels were lower in @entity1 than in controls during the study. The plasma @entity3479 levels were increased by rHuEPO treatment. Although @entity2289 levels showed a tendency to increase in the early phase of rHuEPO treatment, they later returned to near baseline levels. Peritoneal effluent @entity3479 levels were decreased at week 8 of treatment, but returned to baseline levels at week 12. Peritoneal effluent @entity2289 levels were not changed by the rHuEPO treatment. No correlation was observed between levels of @entity3479 and @entity2289 in plasma and in peritoneal effluent. No correlation was seen between plasma @entity2289 levels and duration of CAPD. A significant negative correlation was found between the plasma @entity2289 levels and hemoglobin levels at week 8 and week 12. These results suggest that plasma @entity3479 levels can be increased by rHuEPO treatment, while plasma @entity2289 levels are associated with hemoglobin levels.

title: Effects of recombinant @entity1 XXXX on fibrinolytic system in @entity1 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor 1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: We studied @entity3479 ) and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) levels in plasma and peritoneal effluent in 10 @entity1 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) before, and 8 and 12 weeks after, treatment with recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 (rHuEPO). Plasma @entity3479 and @entity2289 levels were lower in @entity1 than in controls during the study. The plasma @entity3479 levels were increased by rHuEPO treatment. Although @entity2289 levels showed a tendency to increase in the early phase of rHuEPO treatment, they later returned to near baseline levels. Peritoneal effluent @entity3479 levels were decreased at week 8 of treatment, but returned to baseline levels at week 12. Peritoneal effluent @entity2289 levels were not changed by the rHuEPO treatment. No correlation was observed between levels of @entity3479 and @entity2289 in plasma and in peritoneal effluent. No correlation was seen between plasma @entity2289 levels and duration of CAPD. A significant negative correlation was found between the plasma @entity2289 levels and hemoglobin levels at week 8 and week 12. These results suggest that plasma @entity3479 levels can be increased by rHuEPO treatment, while plasma @entity2289 levels are associated with hemoglobin levels.

title: Effects of recombinant XXXX @entity1307 on fibrinolytic system in @entity1 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We studied @entity3479 ) and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) levels in plasma and peritoneal effluent in 10 @entity1 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) before, and 8 and 12 weeks after, treatment with recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 (rHuEPO). Plasma @entity3479 and @entity2289 levels were lower in @entity1 than in controls during the study. The plasma @entity3479 levels were increased by rHuEPO treatment. Although @entity2289 levels showed a tendency to increase in the early phase of rHuEPO treatment, they later returned to near baseline levels. Peritoneal effluent @entity3479 levels were decreased at week 8 of treatment, but returned to baseline levels at week 12. Peritoneal effluent @entity2289 levels were not changed by the rHuEPO treatment. No correlation was observed between levels of @entity3479 and @entity2289 in plasma and in peritoneal effluent. No correlation was seen between plasma @entity2289 levels and duration of CAPD. A significant negative correlation was found between the plasma @entity2289 levels and hemoglobin levels at week 8 and week 12. These results suggest that plasma @entity3479 levels can be increased by rHuEPO treatment, while plasma @entity2289 levels are associated with hemoglobin levels.

title: Effects of recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 on fibrinolytic system in XXXX on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in Saudi Arabian @entity1 with @entity3052 , the factors associated with these @entity5 and the impact of local treatment on @entity5 control, complete remission and survival rates. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred @entity1 , median age 6 years, who received their primary treatment for @entity3052 at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, from 1983 to 1997 were studied. @entity5 at diagnosis occurred in 18 (18%) @entity1 at 25 sites. @entity693 , @entity828 , @entity1600 , @entity4586 , and cutaneous infiltration were not included in the definition of @entity5 . With these exclusions, @entity1 with @entity5 were younger than those without @entity5 (median age, 3.5 v. 7.5 years) and were more likely to have @entity693 at diagnosis (33% v. 10%). The t(8;21) translocation was associated with a 47% @entity5 incidence compared with 23% without the translocation. Local radiation treatment was given to 16 of 25 (64%) @entity5 sites. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate for all @entity1 was 28%, and this was not significantly influenced by the drug regimen used, @entity693 at diagnosis, the presence of the (8;21) translocation, M4 and M5 morphology combined, or @entity5 at diagnosis. Significant differences were observed in the 5-year survival rates for @entity1 who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (52%; N = 37) and those who attained complete remission (CR) but did not undergo transplantation (21%; N = 44) and those who did not achieve complete remission with initial therapy (5%; N = 19). Systemic and local @entity5 CR was achieved in 17 of 18 @entity1 with @entity5 , including 12 @entity1 who underwent radiation treatment and 5 of 6 of those who did not. Isolated relapse was not seen at an @entity5 site and was not noted at any later stage of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Permanent local control at sites of @entity5 was achieved in all @entity1 who attained a bone marrow CR, whether or not the site was irradiated. Local radiation treatment of an @entity5 site did not appear to contribute to overall CR and survival rates. The use of radiation treatment should be conservative and limited to @entity1 in whom there is a real and immediate threat to vision or renal function or when the spinal cord is compromised.

title: Extramedullary myeloid tumors in XXXX : the limited value of local treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['EMT', 'extramedullary tumors', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4586 :: ('MESH:D005886', 'Disease') :: ['gingival hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningeal leukemia', 'meningeal leukemia']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess current physician self-reported practices regarding initial management of childhood @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) and to determine physician self-reported willingness to participate in randomized clinical trials comparing different initial management strategies. @entity1 AND METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed in November 1997 to all 720 members of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology asking how they would diagnose and manage @entity3039 in @entity1 18 months, 5 years, and 15 years of age who were experiencing either @entity2133 (cutaneous @entity548 only) or wet @entity4125 ( @entity548 ). Specific questions dealt with bone marrow aspiration, hospital admittance, treatment strategy, and specific doses of corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. RESULTS: The response rate to the questionnaire was 57%. Most respondents indicated they usually perform a bone marrow aspirate when @entity288 are to be prescribed and administer drug therapy to @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3039 with wet or @entity2133 . Only 16% of respondents would administer no drug therapy to a @entity1 with @entity2133 . Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was preferred to @entity230 , with anti-D immunoglobulin prescribed less frequently. Hospital admittance often was used for @entity1 with @entity2133 and usually recommended for @entity1 with wet @entity4125 . Most respondents expressed willingness to randomize @entity1 with @entity2133 to IVIG versus no therapy and those with wet @entity4125 to IVIG versus @entity229 as part of a randomized controlled clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS: The self-reported care of the @entity1 with @entity3039 was influenced by the severity of presentation (dry versus wet @entity4125 ). Most physicians reported they would administer specific drug treatment in both scenarios. This survey illustrates the diverse diagnostic and management strategies currently used in childhood @entity3039 . Because no one therapeutic approach is predominant and a scientific basis for decision making in childhood @entity3039 has not been developed, future randomized trials are warranted. On the basis of these survey results, such trials are desired by most pediatric hematology/oncology specialists.

title: Self-reported diagnostic and management strategies in childhood XXXX : results of a survey of practicing pediatric hematology/oncology specialists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'active mucous membrane hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry purpura']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our goal in this study was to examine the changes in the left atrial functions over a period of 3 months by using left atrial volume measurements in @entity1 with anterior @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 with anterior @entity583 who consulted our hospital in the first 12 hours starting from the onset of the @entity662 and who exhibited ST elevation were enrolled in the study. The left atrial functions of the @entity1 were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography for a total number of four times; first at the time of the visit to the hospital, then in the first week, and then in the first and third months. Eight (10.95%) of the 73 @entity1 included in the study died during the follow-up. The remaining 65 @entity1 completed the 3-month study period. Of these 65 @entity1 , primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed for 24 (36.9%) @entity1 and thrombolytic therapy was given to 13 (20%), whereas 28 (43.1%) @entity1 were given only medical treatment. Left atrium (LA) maximum transverse diameter, LA maximum, minimum, and presystolic volume, LA active emptying volume and fraction were found to increase significantly in comparison to baseline detected for this parameter in the first and third months (P < 0.001). However, LA passive emptying volume and fraction was found to decrease significantly in comparison to baseline detected for this parameter in the first and third months (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the diameter, volume, and dimensions of LA during atrial remodeling was detected. LA passive emptying fraction was found to decrease, whereas @entity177 was found to increase to compensate for this change.

title: Left atrial remodeling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['atrial active emptying function']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute anterior myocardial infarction']


abstract: A highly specific enzyme-linked "sandwich" immunoassay was developed for determining cardiac myosin light chain II (MLC II) in serum by using an anticardiac MLC II monoclonal antibody and a solid phase consisting of glass rods coated with another monoclonal antibody. We can detect as little as 0.2 ng of @entity299 per assay. The measurable range of @entity299 concentration in serum is 1 to 30 micrograms/L. The assay demonstrated no cross-reactivity with a skeletal muscle MLC within the measurable range. The mean coefficients of variation were 6.1% within assay and 5.1% between assay. The concentration of @entity299 in sera from healthy subjects ranged from 0 to 4.0 micrograms/L (mean 0.75 micrograms/L and median 0 micrograms/L). The concentrations of @entity299 in serum of @entity1 with @entity121 due to various causes (n = 15) and @entity1 with effort angina (n = 25), in general, were not significantly elevated above normal. In all @entity1 with @entity583 , the concentrations of @entity299 were over 4.0 micrograms/L at 12 h after onset. The mean (+/- 1 SD) peak concentration of @entity299 was 16.2 (+/- 4.4) micrograms/L at 90 h (mean) after onset. On the 5th day, the @entity299 concentrations in all @entity1 with @entity583 were significantly elevated above normal; none showed abnormal MB- @entity908 kinase (CK-MB) activity at this time. Thus, the measurement of @entity299 concentration in serum may be useful to provide a specific and sensitive diagnosis of @entity296 at any time period following @entity583 .

title: Clinical assessment of specific enzyme immunoassay for the XXXX cardiac myosin light chain II (MLC II) with use of monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac MLC II']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal muscle disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity7238 ( @entity4601 ) has been increasingly recognized as an important @entity844 for neural and visual development during the first 6 mon of life. One important point of controversy that remains is the degree to which adequate levels of @entity4601 can be acquired from endogenous synthesis in @entity1 vs. what should be provided as dietary @entity4601 . We have approached this problem by a retrospective analysis of published body composition data to estimate the actual accumulation of @entity4601 in the @entity1 @entity1 brain, liver, adipose tissue, remaining lean tissue, and whole body. Estimating whether @entity1 can synthesize sufficient @entity4601 required comparison to and extrapolation from animal data. Over the first 6 mon of life, @entity4601 accumulates at about 10 mg/d in the whole body of breast-fed @entity1 , with 48% of that amount appearing in the brain. To achieve that rate of accumulation, breast-fed @entity1 need to consume a minimum of 20 mg @entity4601 /d. Virtually all breast milk provides a @entity4601 intake of at least 60 mg/d. Despite a store of about 1,050 mg of @entity4601 in body fat at term birth and an intake of about 390 mg/d @entity52126 (alpha-LnA), the brain of formula-fed @entity1 not consuming @entity4601 accumulates half the @entity4601 of the brain of breast-fed @entity1 while the rest of the body actually loses @entity4601 over the first 6 mon of life. No experimental data indicate that formula-fed @entity1 not consuming @entity4601 are able to convert the necessary 5.2% of alpha-LnA intake to @entity4601 to match the @entity4601 accumulation of breast-fed @entity1 . We conclude that dietary @entity4601 should likely be provided during at least the first 6 mon of life.

title: Breast-fed @entity1 achieve a higher rate of brain and whole body XXXX accumulation than formula-fed @entity1 not consuming dietary @entity7238 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity7238 :: ('MESH:D004281', 'Chemical') :: ['Docosahexaenoate']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity52126 :: ('CHEBI:32387', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-linolenate']

answer: @entity7238 :: (MESH:D004281,Chemical) :: ['docosahexaenoate']


abstract: @entity7238 ( @entity4601 ) has been increasingly recognized as an important @entity844 for neural and visual development during the first 6 mon of life. One important point of controversy that remains is the degree to which adequate levels of @entity4601 can be acquired from endogenous synthesis in @entity1 vs. what should be provided as dietary @entity4601 . We have approached this problem by a retrospective analysis of published body composition data to estimate the actual accumulation of @entity4601 in the @entity1 @entity1 brain, liver, adipose tissue, remaining lean tissue, and whole body. Estimating whether @entity1 can synthesize sufficient @entity4601 required comparison to and extrapolation from animal data. Over the first 6 mon of life, @entity4601 accumulates at about 10 mg/d in the whole body of breast-fed @entity1 , with 48% of that amount appearing in the brain. To achieve that rate of accumulation, breast-fed @entity1 need to consume a minimum of 20 mg @entity4601 /d. Virtually all breast milk provides a @entity4601 intake of at least 60 mg/d. Despite a store of about 1,050 mg of @entity4601 in body fat at term birth and an intake of about 390 mg/d @entity52126 (alpha-LnA), the brain of formula-fed @entity1 not consuming @entity4601 accumulates half the @entity4601 of the brain of breast-fed @entity1 while the rest of the body actually loses @entity4601 over the first 6 mon of life. No experimental data indicate that formula-fed @entity1 not consuming @entity4601 are able to convert the necessary 5.2% of alpha-LnA intake to @entity4601 to match the @entity4601 accumulation of breast-fed @entity1 . We conclude that dietary @entity4601 should likely be provided during at least the first 6 mon of life.

title: Breast-fed @entity1 achieve a higher rate of brain and whole body @entity7238 accumulation than formula-fed @entity1 not consuming dietary XXXX .

answer: @entity7238 :: (MESH:D004281,Chemical) :: ['docosahexaenoate']


abstract: @entity7238 ( @entity4601 ) has been increasingly recognized as an important @entity844 for neural and visual development during the first 6 mon of life. One important point of controversy that remains is the degree to which adequate levels of @entity4601 can be acquired from endogenous synthesis in @entity1 vs. what should be provided as dietary @entity4601 . We have approached this problem by a retrospective analysis of published body composition data to estimate the actual accumulation of @entity4601 in the @entity1 @entity1 brain, liver, adipose tissue, remaining lean tissue, and whole body. Estimating whether @entity1 can synthesize sufficient @entity4601 required comparison to and extrapolation from animal data. Over the first 6 mon of life, @entity4601 accumulates at about 10 mg/d in the whole body of breast-fed @entity1 , with 48% of that amount appearing in the brain. To achieve that rate of accumulation, breast-fed @entity1 need to consume a minimum of 20 mg @entity4601 /d. Virtually all breast milk provides a @entity4601 intake of at least 60 mg/d. Despite a store of about 1,050 mg of @entity4601 in body fat at term birth and an intake of about 390 mg/d @entity52126 (alpha-LnA), the brain of formula-fed @entity1 not consuming @entity4601 accumulates half the @entity4601 of the brain of breast-fed @entity1 while the rest of the body actually loses @entity4601 over the first 6 mon of life. No experimental data indicate that formula-fed @entity1 not consuming @entity4601 are able to convert the necessary 5.2% of alpha-LnA intake to @entity4601 to match the @entity4601 accumulation of breast-fed @entity1 . We conclude that dietary @entity4601 should likely be provided during at least the first 6 mon of life.

title: Breast-fed XXXX achieve a higher rate of brain and whole body @entity7238 accumulation than formula-fed @entity1 not consuming dietary @entity7238 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity7238 ( @entity4601 ) has been increasingly recognized as an important @entity844 for neural and visual development during the first 6 mon of life. One important point of controversy that remains is the degree to which adequate levels of @entity4601 can be acquired from endogenous synthesis in @entity1 vs. what should be provided as dietary @entity4601 . We have approached this problem by a retrospective analysis of published body composition data to estimate the actual accumulation of @entity4601 in the @entity1 @entity1 brain, liver, adipose tissue, remaining lean tissue, and whole body. Estimating whether @entity1 can synthesize sufficient @entity4601 required comparison to and extrapolation from animal data. Over the first 6 mon of life, @entity4601 accumulates at about 10 mg/d in the whole body of breast-fed @entity1 , with 48% of that amount appearing in the brain. To achieve that rate of accumulation, breast-fed @entity1 need to consume a minimum of 20 mg @entity4601 /d. Virtually all breast milk provides a @entity4601 intake of at least 60 mg/d. Despite a store of about 1,050 mg of @entity4601 in body fat at term birth and an intake of about 390 mg/d @entity52126 (alpha-LnA), the brain of formula-fed @entity1 not consuming @entity4601 accumulates half the @entity4601 of the brain of breast-fed @entity1 while the rest of the body actually loses @entity4601 over the first 6 mon of life. No experimental data indicate that formula-fed @entity1 not consuming @entity4601 are able to convert the necessary 5.2% of alpha-LnA intake to @entity4601 to match the @entity4601 accumulation of breast-fed @entity1 . We conclude that dietary @entity4601 should likely be provided during at least the first 6 mon of life.

title: Breast-fed @entity1 achieve a higher rate of brain and whole body @entity7238 accumulation than formula-fed XXXX not consuming dietary @entity7238 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Taking advantage of acoustocardiogram (ACG), we measured the heart rate (HR) of @entity1573 embryos continuously from day 12 until hatching and then investigated the development of @entity299 (HRV), and the existence of a circadian rhythm in mean HR (MHR). HRI comprised transient @entity1168 and @entity591 , which first developed on day 14 and 16 in most embryos, respectively. Transient @entity1168 increased in frequency and magnitude with embryonic development and occurred over periods of up to 30 min in some embryos. MHR was maximal on around days 14-15 and thereafter decreased to about 250-260 bpm on days 16-18. Baseline HRV, which is an oscillation of the MHR baseline, occurred as HR decreased from days 15-16 and became predominant on days 17-18. The magnitude of the baseline oscillations reached up to 50 bpm in some embryos and the period ranged between about 40-90 min (ultradian rhythm). A circadian rhythm of MHR was not found in late @entity1573 embryos. On days 18-19, embryonic activities were augmented and then breathing movements began to occur, disturbing ACG signals and thus making it difficult to measure the HR. Instead, the development of breathing activities was recorded. Breathing frequency was irregular at first and then increased to a maximum of about 1.5 Hz prior to hatching.

title: Long-term measurement of heart rate in XXXX eggs.

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HR irregularities (HRI), HR variability']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preventive potential of intraoperative or early postoperative local administration of peptide PIII into the abdominal cavity against @entity298 . METHODS: @entity1 @entity356 cells of the line GC9811 were inoculated subcutaneously into @entity19 to cause @entity189 . The 8th generation @entity5 was taken out to isolate the @entity5 cells to be inoculated into the serous membrane at the greater curvature of the stomach. Forty-eight nude BALB/C-nu/nu @entity19 underwent implantation of the 8th generation @entity5 cells into the serous membrane at the greater curvature of the stomach via minilaparotomy so as to establish models of @entity189 The 48 @entity19 were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: Group 1 (control group); Group 2, undergoing intraperitoneal perfusion of 100 microg of peptide PIII, and post-operative intraperitoneal perfusion of 2 mg/kg peptide PIII twice; and Group 3, undergoing post-operative intraperitoneal perfusion of 100 microg/kg peptide PIII twice. Six @entity19 in every group were sacrificed on the day 23 to undergo pathological examination. The other @entity19 in every group were used to evaluate the survival rate. The @entity5 -bearing @entity19 showing manifestations of failure were killed to undergo pathology. RESULTS: The weight of individual @entity5 was not significantly different among the 3 groups. The number of peritoneal metastatic nodules of Group 2 was (9.2 +/- 1.3), significantly less than those of Group 1 and 3 [(126.3 +/- 9.6) and (64.2 +/- 8.3) respectively, both P < 0.01]. The number of metastatic nodules > 2 mm of Group 2 was 1.6 +/- 0.2, significantly less then those of Groups 1 and 3 [(51.2 +/- 3.6) and (21.7 +/- 4.9) respectively, both P < 0.01]. The survival rate of Group 2 was significantly longer than those of Groups 1 and 3 (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Peptide PIII does not significantly inhibit the growth of GC, but significantly reduce the peritoneal metastasis of GC. An ideal targeting chemotherapy, intra-operative application of peptide PIII into the abdominal cavity plus intraperitoneal perfusion is an attractive and promising strategy to prevent peritoneal metastasis of GC.

title: [Intraoperative and postoperative intra-peritoneal administration of peptide PIII inhibits peritoneal metastasis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinoma', 'subcutaneous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of concurrent chemoradiation for treatment of @entity213 is expanding. We sought to evaluate the CT appearance of diseased and normal cervical lymph nodes before and after concurrent chemoradiation and to correlate lymph node @entity353 as revealed by CT with histopathologic findings of resected nodes. METHODS: Using concurrent chemoradiation, we treated seven @entity1 with locally advanced @entity213 . Our chemotherapeutic regimen consisted of @entity900 (100 mg/m2 body surface area administered on days 1 through 4 and 29 through 32) and @entity1487 (1000 mg/m2 body surface area, administered on days 1 through 4 and 29 through 32). Radiotherapy was administered twice per day on dosing days 1 through 42 to a total dose of 7200 cGy to the @entity5 and 6000 cGy to the involved lymph nodes. Pre- and post-treatment CT scans were used to calculate lymph node volumes for all CT-positive (size criteria or extracapsular spread or both) diseased nodes (n = 19) and one normal node per @entity1 (n = 7). @entity353 was determined by CT results and correlated with the histopathologic findings of resected nodes. RESULTS: Average @entity353 (+/- standard error of the mean) for the 19 diseased nodes was 91%+/-4% and for the seven normal nodes was 55%+/-21% (P < .02, two-sided t test). Fifteen of 19 of the diseased lymph nodes showed extracapsular spread before treatment and none of 19 after treatment. The histopathologic findings of resected nodes included persistent @entity5 in one of the 19 diseased lymph nodes. Six of seven @entity1 remained alive and disease-free, with an average follow-up duration of 24 months. CONCLUSION: Nodal @entity353 of greater than 90% was associated with eradication of @entity5 as assessed by histopathologic analysis of resected nodes. Serial CT scans obtained both before and after concurrent chemoradiation may be useful for predicting which @entity1 will benefit from adjuvant surgical therapy.

title: Nodal XXXX after concurrent chemo- and radiotherapy: correlation between initial CT and histopathologic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['Volume reduction', 'volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['volume reduction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is evident that @entity6 are closely interrelated. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), coupled with exaggerated host responses to @entity2348 , may account for the increased periodontal destruction observed in @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity6 . The present study investigated the effects of AGEs on the viability of @entity1 gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the expression of types I and III collagen in HGFs. METHODS: The cell viability of HGFs was examined by @entity98 assay, whereas the expression of types I and III collagen message and protein was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS: AGEs significantly suppressed the cell viability of HGFs from 24 to 72 hours (P <0.01). A high concentration of @entity413 (25 mmol/l) in the culture media exaggerated the inhibition of the survival rate of HGFs (P <0.01). The expression of collagen types I and III messages and proteins was significantly downregulated at 72 hours by AGEs in a concentration-dependent manner (P <0.05). Moreover, the synthesis of intracellular types I and III collagen protein was markedly inhibited by AGEs (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: AGEs may suppress the cell viability of HGFs and downregulate the expression of types I and III collagen by the cells. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of AGEs in the regulation of cell function and collagen metabolism in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity2521 .

title: Advanced glycation end products inhibit the expression of collagens type I and III by XXXX gingival fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes and periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity98 :: ('CHEBI:53233', 'Chemical') :: ['methylthiazolet-etrazolium']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']