abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and epidemiology of @entity114 -resistantStreptococcus pneumoniae isolates in the St Helens and Knowsley Health District of Merseyside. METHODS: @entity114 -resistant pneumococci were isolated from clinical samples taken from 549 @entity1 between January 1987 and December 2000. @entity1 profile, bacterial serotype and resistance patterns were analysed. RESULTS: Between January 1987 and December 2000, the prevalence of @entity114 -resistant pneumococci increased from 1.4% to a peak of 12.9% in 1997, subsequently falling to 8.9%. High-level @entity114 resistance was found in 243 (44.3%) of the isolates. Two hundred and eighty isolates were from @entity1 (mean age 2.2 years), of whom only 25% were clinically infected. Two hundred and sixty nine isolates were from adults (average age 68.4 years) of whom 88% were infected. Over 65% of isolates were community acquired with 53% of @entity1 having received antibiotics in the 3 months prior to their first isolate. Twenty six per cent of @entity1 had underlying disease of the respiratory tract. The changing evolution of serotypes over the 14 years of the study was associated with changes in sensitivity patterns. Serotype 9 was the most common serotype (36%). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates the evolution of @entity114 resistance in the @entity1 population of this District over the past 14 years.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX -resistant pneumococci in a Merseyside Health District over a 14-year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin', 'penicillin']

answer: @entity114 :: (MESH:D010406,Chemical) :: ['penicillin']


abstract: Gender differences in resting ventilation and @entity519 ventilatory response (HVR) have been reported. Ventilation and HVR are closely related to changes in metabolic rate in @entity1 . However, it is unclear whether there is a comparable relationship between metabolic rate and ventilation or HVR in @entity1 . We studied 13 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 to determine whether exercise-induced increases in metabolic rate influenced ventilation, HVR, and hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) differently in @entity1 and @entity1 . Minute ventilation per unit metabolic rate was higher (lower end-tidal PCO2) in @entity1 than @entity1 during rest and mild exercise. Resting HVR values were similar in @entity1 and @entity1 . With mild, exercise-induced @entity101 (24 +/- 4% in @entity1 and 27 +/- 2% in @entity1 , p = NS), HVR increased in @entity1 (p less than 0.05) but not in @entity1 . Moderate exercise-induced @entity101 (313 +/- 13% in @entity1 and 330 +/- 13% in @entity1 , p = NS), raised @entity519 responses in both sexes. HCVR values were similar in @entity1 and @entity1 at rest and during mild exercise. Moderate exercise increased HCVR equally in the sexes. Thus the higher resting ventilation and lesser change in HVR during mild exercise suggested that @entity1 were less sensitive to mild metabolic rate stimulation than @entity1 .

title: Possible gender differences in the effect of exercise on XXXX ventilatory response.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in O2 consumption']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: Immunofluorescence staining of @entity238 embryos with a monoclonal antibody specific for acetylated @entity52760 has revealed that acetylated and nonacetylated @entity52760 isoforms have different patterns of distribution during early development. Acetylated @entity52760 was not detected in either interphase or mitotic spindle microtubules during the rapid early cleavage or syncytial blastoderm divisions. Acetylated @entity52760 was first observed as interphase lengthened at the end of syncytial blastoderm, and at cycle 14 was localized to a ring of structures clustered around the interphase nuclei. These structures probably represent a set of stable microtubules involved in nuclear elongation. Absence of detectable acetylated @entity52760 prior to cellular blastoderm seems to be due to rapid turnover of microtubule arrays rather than to lack of the enzyme required for modification, since acetylated @entity52760 appeared in early embryos when micro-tubules were stabilized by @entity1311 treatment or @entity519 . Because acetylated @entity52760 seems to be characteristic of stable microtubule arrays, the appearance of the antigen at cycle 14 represents a fundamental change in microtubule behaviour in the somatic cells of the embryo. Acetylated @entity52760 was not detected in pole cells during the blastoderm or early gastrula stages, indicating that acetylation of @entity52760 is not merely a consequence of cellularization. After the onset of gastrulation, interphase microtubule arrays in most cell types contain acetylated @entity52760 . However, cells in mitosis lack antibody staining. The resulting unstained patches reveal the stereotyped spatial pattern of cell division during gastrulation. Although the cells that give rise to the amnioserosa have acetylated @entity52760 in their interphase arrays at early gastrulation, by germ band elongation these large, plastic cells completely lack staining with anti-acetylated @entity52760 . In contrast, differentiated cell types such as neurones, which have arrays of stable axonal microtubules, stain brightly with the specific antibody. Although acetylated and nonacetylated @entity52760 are present in roughly equal amounts by the late stages of embryogenesis, acetylated @entity52760 is partitioned into the pellet during centrifugation of extracts of embryos homogenized at 4 degrees C.

title: Temporal and spatial pattern of differences in microtubule behaviour during XXXX embryogenesis revealed by distribution of a tubulin isoform.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: We evaluated reproductive function in 27 male long-term survivors of childhood @entity5 treated during the prepubertal and pubertal period. Sperm samples were obtained from 23 @entity1 ; four who refused to provide specimens indicated that they had fathered normal healthy @entity1 . Thirteen @entity1 were 12 years old or younger at the time of diagnosis and initiation of therapy. Chemotherapy was calculated according to the cumulative amount of drug administered and correlated with the surface area. Sterility was associated with large doses of single alkylating agents or reduced doses administered with other agents in combination regimens. It was noted in @entity1 treated in both the prepubertal and pubertal period. Sterility was also observed in @entity1 who received testicular radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy. However, it was not an inevitable consequence in all @entity1 , despite treatment with similar or identical regimens. Fertility potential could not be predicted by clinical examination (testicular size) or gonadotrophin and @entity251 values. The results were compared to published reports of treatment-induced sterility in adult males. Additional investigations are required to establish more accurate correlations of dosage with reproductive potential.

title: Male reproductive function in long-term survivors of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Standard treatment of @entity420 located 3-6 cm above anal verge is abdominoperineal resection. The objective was to evaluate feasibility, morbidity, and functional results of anal sphincter preservation after preoperative chemoradiation therapy and coloanal @entity254 in @entity1 with @entity420 located between 3 and 6 cm above the anal verge. METHODS: This study included 17 males and 15 females with a mean age of 54.8 +/- 15.4 years. @entity5 were located at a mean of 4.7 +/- 1.1 cm above the anal verge. The mean @entity5 size was 4.6 +/- 1.5 cm. All @entity1 received the scheduled treatment. Twenty-two @entity1 underwent coloanal @entity254 with the J pouch; 10 underwent straight @entity254 . Average surgical time was 328.7 +/- 43.8 min, and the average intraoperative @entity548 was 471.5 +/- 363.6 ml. The mean distal surgical margin was 1.3 +/- 0.6 cm. Five @entity1 (15.6%) received a blood transfusion. RESULTS: Major complications included @entity834 (three); pelvic abscess (three), and @entity850 (two). @entity5 stages were as follows: T0-2,N0,M0 = 12; T3,N0,M0 = 9; T1-3,N+,M0 = 9, and T1-3,N0-3,M+ = 2. Diverting stomas were closed in 30 @entity1 . Median follow-up was 25 months. Recurrences occurred in four @entity1 and were local and distant (n = 1) and distant (n = 3). Anal sphincter function was perfect (n = 20), incontinent to gas (n = 3), occasional minor leak (n = 2), frequent major soiling (n = 3), and colostomy (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 located 3-6 cm from anal verge who are traditionally treated with abdominoperineal resection, preservation of anal sphincter after preoperative chemoradiation therapy plus complete rectal excision with coloanal @entity254 is feasible and is associated with acceptable morbidity and no mortality.

title: Anal sphincter preservation in locally advanced low @entity420 after preoperative chemoradiation therapy and coloanal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['coloanal anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['coloanal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Standard treatment of @entity420 located 3-6 cm above anal verge is abdominoperineal resection. The objective was to evaluate feasibility, morbidity, and functional results of anal sphincter preservation after preoperative chemoradiation therapy and coloanal @entity254 in @entity1 with @entity420 located between 3 and 6 cm above the anal verge. METHODS: This study included 17 males and 15 females with a mean age of 54.8 +/- 15.4 years. @entity5 were located at a mean of 4.7 +/- 1.1 cm above the anal verge. The mean @entity5 size was 4.6 +/- 1.5 cm. All @entity1 received the scheduled treatment. Twenty-two @entity1 underwent coloanal @entity254 with the J pouch; 10 underwent straight @entity254 . Average surgical time was 328.7 +/- 43.8 min, and the average intraoperative @entity548 was 471.5 +/- 363.6 ml. The mean distal surgical margin was 1.3 +/- 0.6 cm. Five @entity1 (15.6%) received a blood transfusion. RESULTS: Major complications included @entity834 (three); pelvic abscess (three), and @entity850 (two). @entity5 stages were as follows: T0-2,N0,M0 = 12; T3,N0,M0 = 9; T1-3,N+,M0 = 9, and T1-3,N0-3,M+ = 2. Diverting stomas were closed in 30 @entity1 . Median follow-up was 25 months. Recurrences occurred in four @entity1 and were local and distant (n = 1) and distant (n = 3). Anal sphincter function was perfect (n = 20), incontinent to gas (n = 3), occasional minor leak (n = 2), frequent major soiling (n = 3), and colostomy (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 located 3-6 cm from anal verge who are traditionally treated with abdominoperineal resection, preservation of anal sphincter after preoperative chemoradiation therapy plus complete rectal excision with coloanal @entity254 is feasible and is associated with acceptable morbidity and no mortality.

title: Anal sphincter preservation in locally advanced low XXXX after preoperative chemoradiation therapy and coloanal @entity254 .

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Fibroblasts in culture and leukocytes have been widely used to study @entity844 and lipoprotein cellular metabolism. The present investigations were designed to study the role of nutritional and environmental factors on lipid metabolism in these two types of cells. Leukocytes freshly isolated from @entity1 blood and fibroblasts cultured in media enriched in @entity778 ( @entity778 ) have relatively similar @entity844 distributions. However, more important differences are observed in fibroblasts cultured in media enriched with @entity778 or with @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ). It is obvious that the quantity and quality of @entity1718 are very different in @entity2241 and @entity778 , but intracellular regulation ensures relative homogeneity of saturated (SFA) and @entity6221 ( @entity8981 ) in the cells, particularly in phospholipids. The first modifications induced by different media ( @entity2241 or @entity778 ) are detected on cellular growth; the differences seem to be due more to the @entity844 (FA) quantitative supply than to the FA quality of each culture medium. The major modifications in FA composition induced by different culture media concern the @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) of phospholipids, especially the n-6 family. The intracellular @entity4722 level depends on the level in the medium, but intracellular n-6 metabolite levels depend both on the level in the medium and on the growth state of the cells. The n-3 family seems to be less affected by the quality of the medium in our experiment, and the cells maintain a stable @entity4600 (22:6n-3) level. A higher content of the n-3 family in the medium induces a higher level of eicosa- or @entity23165 , rather than @entity4600 itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of environmental medium on XXXX composition of @entity1 cells: leukocytes and fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['human serum', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity23165 :: ('MESH:C026219', 'Chemical') :: ['docosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fetal bovine serum']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: Fibroblasts in culture and leukocytes have been widely used to study @entity844 and lipoprotein cellular metabolism. The present investigations were designed to study the role of nutritional and environmental factors on lipid metabolism in these two types of cells. Leukocytes freshly isolated from @entity1 blood and fibroblasts cultured in media enriched in @entity778 ( @entity778 ) have relatively similar @entity844 distributions. However, more important differences are observed in fibroblasts cultured in media enriched with @entity778 or with @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ). It is obvious that the quantity and quality of @entity1718 are very different in @entity2241 and @entity778 , but intracellular regulation ensures relative homogeneity of saturated (SFA) and @entity6221 ( @entity8981 ) in the cells, particularly in phospholipids. The first modifications induced by different media ( @entity2241 or @entity778 ) are detected on cellular growth; the differences seem to be due more to the @entity844 (FA) quantitative supply than to the FA quality of each culture medium. The major modifications in FA composition induced by different culture media concern the @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) of phospholipids, especially the n-6 family. The intracellular @entity4722 level depends on the level in the medium, but intracellular n-6 metabolite levels depend both on the level in the medium and on the growth state of the cells. The n-3 family seems to be less affected by the quality of the medium in our experiment, and the cells maintain a stable @entity4600 (22:6n-3) level. A higher content of the n-3 family in the medium induces a higher level of eicosa- or @entity23165 , rather than @entity4600 itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of environmental medium on @entity844 composition of XXXX cells: leukocytes and fibroblasts.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity30 and @entity31 are chronic @entity29 of unknown etiology. Unspecific immunosuppressive therapy represents current standard treatment and is often associated with severe side effects. Several treatment regimens have been evaluated to identify alternative therapeutic options. Among these different diet therapies were investigated. Objective of this paper is to review the results of diet therapy in chronic @entity29 on the basis of randomised controlled trials and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. METHODS: Medline and Cochrane Library were searched for meta-analysis and randomised controlled trials investigating this question. Additionally reference lists of identified articles and text books were checked for further trials. RESULTS: Four meta-analyses investigated the treatment of acute @entity30 with elemental-, semi-elemental-, and polymeric diets in comparison to corticosteroids or to another form of enteral diet. All meta-analyses show a superiority of corticosteroids and no difference in the effect of the compared enteral diets. Randomised controlled trials investigating diet therapy in @entity31 have not been summarised in a meta-analysis yet. Eleven randomised trials were identified which evaluated diets in @entity31 @entity1 : Dietary supplementation with @entity9539 (6 trials), elemental diet [2], dietary supplementation with dietary fiber [1], elimination diet [1], and dietary supplementation with olestra [1]. Only for the elimination diet a significant positive effect on the course of disease was found in one trial which investigated only 18 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Enteral nutritional therapy of acute @entity30 is less effective than treatment with @entity288 . In case of severe @entity134 induced side effects diet treatment can present a promising alternative. Superiority of one of the investigated different formulations was not found. Meta-analyses of randomised trials provide a clear and easy to understand presentation of the effect of this intervention. Eleven published trials investigating the effect of diets in @entity31 show only for elimination diet a positive treatment effect. The trials do find a positive effect of one of the other interventions but the trials are very small and cannot exclude a treatment effect. Meta-analysis of these trials would be helpful for a better presentation and understanding of these results.

title: [Diet therapy in chronic XXXX : results from meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials].

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['n-3-fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: @entity12030 is the most common class of @entity179 in @entity1 . After decades of study, the biochemical basis for this group of diseases continues to elude scientists. One obstacle has been the difficulty in establishing specific criteria for diagnosis. This paper reviews case material from 65 @entity1 referred to the Shriver Center for study from January, 1984 to December, 1986. The late-infantile type was the most commonly encountered (35%) with a mean age-of-onset of 3.1 +/- 0.5 yr. The juvenile type was slightly less frequent (32%) with a mean age-of-onset of 7.8 +/- 4 yr. The infantile type ranked third (23%); age-of-onset 11 +/- 4 months) and the adult form of the disease was the least common (10%; age-of-onset 25 +/- 4 yr). Consistent clinical findings were a progressive decline in mental faculties and @entity410 , predominantly of the @entity2045 . Neuroradiological changes of cerebral and cerebellar cortical @entity194 were common when studies were obtained more than a year after clinical onset. Ataxia was a frequent manifestation in the late-infantile and juvenile types whereas @entity3519 was unique to the latter. There was a diversity of ultrastructural findings in skin biopsies between and within types. The absence of findings in a few familial cases necessitated sampling a second tissue such as muscle, particularly when the history was suggestive and urine dolichols were high. Elevated urine @entity56580 levels was a nonspecific but helpful finding.

title: Clinical classification of XXXX subtypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic type']

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

answer: @entity12030 :: (MESH:D009472,Disease) :: ['neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis']


abstract: Since @entity2544 has been shown to blunt the @entity2124 response to @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) in normal subjects, we investigated whether the same effect of @entity2544 administration could be reproduced in @entity1 with active @entity2012 . Ten acromegalic @entity1 received on two different days 100 micrograms @entity7704 iv alone and the same @entity7704 dose during a constant infusion of @entity2544 (3.56 mg/min), beginning 2 h before @entity7704 administration. In the whole group @entity2544 did not affect basal @entity2124 secretion significantly (from a mean of 44.6 +/- 14.4 at 0 min to 41.8 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 120 min). However, the amount of @entity2124 released after @entity7704 stimulation was lower when @entity2544 was concomitantly infused (7525 +/- 3709 ng min/ml vs. 12038 +/- 6337 ng min/ml; p less than 0.05). The inhibitory effect of @entity2544 was not homogeneous, since either marked or minimal reductions of the @entity7704 -stimulated @entity2124 secretion occurred. Serum PRL levels increased after @entity7704 administration in 6 @entity1 and @entity2544 infusion had no influence upon this response. Peak @entity7704 levels were not different in both studies (14.9 +/- 1.7 and 17.1 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively). Free @entity844 levels rose progressively during @entity2544 administration (from 0.66 +/- 0.10 at 0 min to 1.04 +/- 0.10 mEq/l at 240 min) and were significantly higher than after @entity7704 stimulation alone from 180 min up to the end of the test. Our results demonstrate that in active @entity2012 @entity2544 blunts the @entity2124 response to @entity7704 , though this effect is not uniformly seen in all @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX infusion on the @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) and prolactin response to @entity2124 -releasing hormone administration in @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity7704 :: ('2691', 'Gene') :: ['GHRH', 'growth hormone-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

answer: @entity2544 :: (MESH:D013806,Chemical) :: ['theophylline']


abstract: Since @entity2544 has been shown to blunt the @entity2124 response to @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) in normal subjects, we investigated whether the same effect of @entity2544 administration could be reproduced in @entity1 with active @entity2012 . Ten acromegalic @entity1 received on two different days 100 micrograms @entity7704 iv alone and the same @entity7704 dose during a constant infusion of @entity2544 (3.56 mg/min), beginning 2 h before @entity7704 administration. In the whole group @entity2544 did not affect basal @entity2124 secretion significantly (from a mean of 44.6 +/- 14.4 at 0 min to 41.8 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 120 min). However, the amount of @entity2124 released after @entity7704 stimulation was lower when @entity2544 was concomitantly infused (7525 +/- 3709 ng min/ml vs. 12038 +/- 6337 ng min/ml; p less than 0.05). The inhibitory effect of @entity2544 was not homogeneous, since either marked or minimal reductions of the @entity7704 -stimulated @entity2124 secretion occurred. Serum PRL levels increased after @entity7704 administration in 6 @entity1 and @entity2544 infusion had no influence upon this response. Peak @entity7704 levels were not different in both studies (14.9 +/- 1.7 and 17.1 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively). Free @entity844 levels rose progressively during @entity2544 administration (from 0.66 +/- 0.10 at 0 min to 1.04 +/- 0.10 mEq/l at 240 min) and were significantly higher than after @entity7704 stimulation alone from 180 min up to the end of the test. Our results demonstrate that in active @entity2012 @entity2544 blunts the @entity2124 response to @entity7704 , though this effect is not uniformly seen in all @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity2544 infusion on the XXXX ( @entity2124 ) and prolactin response to @entity2124 -releasing hormone administration in @entity2012 .

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: Since @entity2544 has been shown to blunt the @entity2124 response to @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) in normal subjects, we investigated whether the same effect of @entity2544 administration could be reproduced in @entity1 with active @entity2012 . Ten acromegalic @entity1 received on two different days 100 micrograms @entity7704 iv alone and the same @entity7704 dose during a constant infusion of @entity2544 (3.56 mg/min), beginning 2 h before @entity7704 administration. In the whole group @entity2544 did not affect basal @entity2124 secretion significantly (from a mean of 44.6 +/- 14.4 at 0 min to 41.8 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 120 min). However, the amount of @entity2124 released after @entity7704 stimulation was lower when @entity2544 was concomitantly infused (7525 +/- 3709 ng min/ml vs. 12038 +/- 6337 ng min/ml; p less than 0.05). The inhibitory effect of @entity2544 was not homogeneous, since either marked or minimal reductions of the @entity7704 -stimulated @entity2124 secretion occurred. Serum PRL levels increased after @entity7704 administration in 6 @entity1 and @entity2544 infusion had no influence upon this response. Peak @entity7704 levels were not different in both studies (14.9 +/- 1.7 and 17.1 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively). Free @entity844 levels rose progressively during @entity2544 administration (from 0.66 +/- 0.10 at 0 min to 1.04 +/- 0.10 mEq/l at 240 min) and were significantly higher than after @entity7704 stimulation alone from 180 min up to the end of the test. Our results demonstrate that in active @entity2012 @entity2544 blunts the @entity2124 response to @entity7704 , though this effect is not uniformly seen in all @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity2544 infusion on the @entity2124 ( XXXX ) and prolactin response to @entity2124 -releasing hormone administration in @entity2012 .

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['GH']


abstract: Since @entity2544 has been shown to blunt the @entity2124 response to @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) in normal subjects, we investigated whether the same effect of @entity2544 administration could be reproduced in @entity1 with active @entity2012 . Ten acromegalic @entity1 received on two different days 100 micrograms @entity7704 iv alone and the same @entity7704 dose during a constant infusion of @entity2544 (3.56 mg/min), beginning 2 h before @entity7704 administration. In the whole group @entity2544 did not affect basal @entity2124 secretion significantly (from a mean of 44.6 +/- 14.4 at 0 min to 41.8 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 120 min). However, the amount of @entity2124 released after @entity7704 stimulation was lower when @entity2544 was concomitantly infused (7525 +/- 3709 ng min/ml vs. 12038 +/- 6337 ng min/ml; p less than 0.05). The inhibitory effect of @entity2544 was not homogeneous, since either marked or minimal reductions of the @entity7704 -stimulated @entity2124 secretion occurred. Serum PRL levels increased after @entity7704 administration in 6 @entity1 and @entity2544 infusion had no influence upon this response. Peak @entity7704 levels were not different in both studies (14.9 +/- 1.7 and 17.1 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively). Free @entity844 levels rose progressively during @entity2544 administration (from 0.66 +/- 0.10 at 0 min to 1.04 +/- 0.10 mEq/l at 240 min) and were significantly higher than after @entity7704 stimulation alone from 180 min up to the end of the test. Our results demonstrate that in active @entity2012 @entity2544 blunts the @entity2124 response to @entity7704 , though this effect is not uniformly seen in all @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity2544 infusion on the @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) and prolactin response to XXXX -releasing hormone administration in @entity2012 .

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['GH']


abstract: Since @entity2544 has been shown to blunt the @entity2124 response to @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) in normal subjects, we investigated whether the same effect of @entity2544 administration could be reproduced in @entity1 with active @entity2012 . Ten acromegalic @entity1 received on two different days 100 micrograms @entity7704 iv alone and the same @entity7704 dose during a constant infusion of @entity2544 (3.56 mg/min), beginning 2 h before @entity7704 administration. In the whole group @entity2544 did not affect basal @entity2124 secretion significantly (from a mean of 44.6 +/- 14.4 at 0 min to 41.8 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 120 min). However, the amount of @entity2124 released after @entity7704 stimulation was lower when @entity2544 was concomitantly infused (7525 +/- 3709 ng min/ml vs. 12038 +/- 6337 ng min/ml; p less than 0.05). The inhibitory effect of @entity2544 was not homogeneous, since either marked or minimal reductions of the @entity7704 -stimulated @entity2124 secretion occurred. Serum PRL levels increased after @entity7704 administration in 6 @entity1 and @entity2544 infusion had no influence upon this response. Peak @entity7704 levels were not different in both studies (14.9 +/- 1.7 and 17.1 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively). Free @entity844 levels rose progressively during @entity2544 administration (from 0.66 +/- 0.10 at 0 min to 1.04 +/- 0.10 mEq/l at 240 min) and were significantly higher than after @entity7704 stimulation alone from 180 min up to the end of the test. Our results demonstrate that in active @entity2012 @entity2544 blunts the @entity2124 response to @entity7704 , though this effect is not uniformly seen in all @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity2544 infusion on the @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) and prolactin response to @entity2124 -releasing hormone administration in XXXX .

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess effect of intravenous recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator on size of @entity1188 , left ventricular function, and survival in @entity583 . DESIGN: Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled prospective trial of @entity1 with @entity583 within five hours after onset of symptoms. SETTING: Twenty six referral centres participating in European cooperative study for recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator. @entity1 : Treatment group of 355 @entity1 with @entity583 allocated to receive intravenous recombinant plasminogen activator. Controls comprised 366 similar @entity1 allocated to receive placebo. INTERVENTION: All @entity1 were given @entity117 250 mg and bolus injection of 5000 IU heparin immediately before start of trial. @entity1 in treatment group were given 100 mg recombinant tissue plasminogen activator over three hours (10 mg intravenous bolus, 50 mg during one hour, and 40 mg during next two hours) by infusion. Controls were given placebo by same method. Full anticoagulation treatment and @entity117 were given to both groups until angiography (10-22 days after admission). beta Blockers were given at discharge. END POINT: Left ventricular function at 10-22 days, enzymatic @entity1188 size, clinical course, and survival to three month follow up. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mortality was reduced by 51% (95% confidence interval -76 to 1) in treated @entity1 at 14 days after start of treatment and by 36% (-63 to 13) at three months. For treatment within three hours after @entity583 mortality was reduced by 82% (-95 to -31) at 14 days and by 59% (-83 to -2) at three months. During 14 days in hospital incidence of @entity299 was lower in treated @entity1 than controls ( @entity1455 , 2.5% v 6.0%; @entity2224 , 3.4% v 6.3%; and @entity2396 , 6.2% v 11.0% respectively), but that of angioplasty or artery bypass, or both was higher (15.8% v 9.6%) during the first three months. Bleeding complications were commoner in treated than untreated @entity1 . Most were minor, but 1.4% of treated @entity1 had @entity932 within three days after start of infusion. Enzymatic size of @entity1188 , determined by @entity27216 dehydrogenase concentrations, was less (20%, 2p = 0.0018) in treated @entity1 than in controls. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 2.2% higher (0.3 to 4.0) and end diastolic and end systolic volumes smaller by 6.0 ml (-0.2 to -11.9) and 5.8 ml (-0.9 to -10.6), respectively, in treated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator with heparin and @entity117 reduces size of @entity1188 , preserves left ventricular function, and reduces complications and @entity204 from cardiac causes but at increased risk of bleeding complications4+

title: Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and size of XXXX , left ventricular function, and survival in @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity27216 :: ('MESH:C031570', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess effect of intravenous recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator on size of @entity1188 , left ventricular function, and survival in @entity583 . DESIGN: Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled prospective trial of @entity1 with @entity583 within five hours after onset of symptoms. SETTING: Twenty six referral centres participating in European cooperative study for recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator. @entity1 : Treatment group of 355 @entity1 with @entity583 allocated to receive intravenous recombinant plasminogen activator. Controls comprised 366 similar @entity1 allocated to receive placebo. INTERVENTION: All @entity1 were given @entity117 250 mg and bolus injection of 5000 IU heparin immediately before start of trial. @entity1 in treatment group were given 100 mg recombinant tissue plasminogen activator over three hours (10 mg intravenous bolus, 50 mg during one hour, and 40 mg during next two hours) by infusion. Controls were given placebo by same method. Full anticoagulation treatment and @entity117 were given to both groups until angiography (10-22 days after admission). beta Blockers were given at discharge. END POINT: Left ventricular function at 10-22 days, enzymatic @entity1188 size, clinical course, and survival to three month follow up. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mortality was reduced by 51% (95% confidence interval -76 to 1) in treated @entity1 at 14 days after start of treatment and by 36% (-63 to 13) at three months. For treatment within three hours after @entity583 mortality was reduced by 82% (-95 to -31) at 14 days and by 59% (-83 to -2) at three months. During 14 days in hospital incidence of @entity299 was lower in treated @entity1 than controls ( @entity1455 , 2.5% v 6.0%; @entity2224 , 3.4% v 6.3%; and @entity2396 , 6.2% v 11.0% respectively), but that of angioplasty or artery bypass, or both was higher (15.8% v 9.6%) during the first three months. Bleeding complications were commoner in treated than untreated @entity1 . Most were minor, but 1.4% of treated @entity1 had @entity932 within three days after start of infusion. Enzymatic size of @entity1188 , determined by @entity27216 dehydrogenase concentrations, was less (20%, 2p = 0.0018) in treated @entity1 than in controls. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 2.2% higher (0.3 to 4.0) and end diastolic and end systolic volumes smaller by 6.0 ml (-0.2 to -11.9) and 5.8 ml (-0.9 to -10.6), respectively, in treated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator with heparin and @entity117 reduces size of @entity1188 , preserves left ventricular function, and reduces complications and @entity204 from cardiac causes but at increased risk of bleeding complications4+

title: Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and size of @entity1188 , left ventricular function, and survival in XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: To evaluate the influences of transient @entity741 on transmitral blood flow velocity patterns, pulsed Doppler echocardiography was performed during @entity1563 in 10 anesthetized open-chest @entity235 , and also during esophageal pacing or the administration of @entity4341 in 79 @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ), and in 19 control subjects. During occlusion of the coronary artery, an abrupt decrease in the peak velocity of the rapid filling wave (R) was noted within one min simultaneously with rapid decrease of % wall thickening in the @entity63 regions. The peak velocity of @entity955 was augmented compensatorily. Although the transmitral blood flow velocity pattern did not change in the controls with esophageal pacing, changes similar to those which were obtained during experimental studies were demonstrated in @entity453 @entity1 . There were no significant differences between transmitral blood flow velocity patterns of @entity1 with multivessel disease and those with @entity66 . Ischemic changes in transmitral blood flow velocity patterns were not demonstrated in @entity1 with @entity339 . Sublingual @entity1242 normalized post-pacing abnormal blood flow velocity patterns. In contrast, after the intravenous administration of 0.56 mg/kg of @entity4341 , R and A were increased and the A/R ratio was unchanged both in @entity453 @entity1 and the control groups. Deceleration time, or the half time, was prolonged during both provocation tests in @entity453 @entity1 , and these changes were transient and were restored within several min. Furthermore, they were noted more frequently than was the development of ST @entity308 on ECG, or @entity662 . These findings indicate that the transmitral blood flow velocity patterns obtained by pulsed Doppler echocardiography are useful for detecting transient @entity741 , though they have limitations in diagnosing the extent of @entity453 .

title: [Transmitral blood flow velocity patterns evaluated by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in diagnosing transient XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial filling']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This 1-year prospective study compared 125 construction engineers and 188 combat artillery soldiers to determine whether there were differences in injury occurrences/ types because of their diverse occupational tasks and training requirements. Also, intrinsic factors were studied to establish any associations with a soldier's risk for injury. METHODS: Prestudy height, weight, and body mass index and fitness (3.2-km run, sit-ups, push-ups) data were collected prior to the injury medical records review. Approximately 30% of each battalion was studied. RESULTS: For engineers and artillery, 86.0% and 66.0% incurred at least one injury, respectively. Of total soldiers, 64.0% of engineers and 56.4% of artillerymen had injuries associated with limited duty profiles. @entity130 resulted in 743 days of limited duty time (5.9 days per soldier) in engineers and 1,078 days (5.7 days per soldier) in artillery. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were also calculated. The odds of traumatic @entity174 were (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 1.8-23.7) 6 times higher in engineers than artillery, but strains/sprains and @entity12893 /lacerations were (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.5-3.7; OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.2-5.0) two times higher in artillery than engineers. The number of limited duty days associated with @entity3331 was significantly higher in engineers than artillery (p < 0.0001), and number of days for @entity13400 was significantly higher in the artillerymen (p < 0.0001). Greater body mass was a risk factor for @entity615 and the body mass index was > or = 25 for strains/sprains in both units. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in injuries were reported between the two units. It is plausible that the differences were related to the diverse training exposures of the units. However, it is beyond the scope of this study to make conclusions about the causes of the injury differences. The data also indicate that body mass and body mass index were identified as modifiable injury risk factors for both units, which suggests that these injuries are preventable.

title: XXXX and risk factors in construction engineers and combat artillery soldiers.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injuries']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity13400 :: ('MESH:D019567', 'Disease') :: ['low back injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Total injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Injury occurrence']


abstract: @entity2316 , a rarely listed cause of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) among @entity1 starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the early seventies, has progressively gained in importance and become one of the major reasons for the continuous growth of the @entity1 population on RRT in most European countries. Amongst new @entity1 commencing RRT in 1985, the acceptance rate varied between 3 and 12 per million population for @entity6 and between one and four per million population for @entity6 . Nordic countries, particularly Sweden and Finland, had the highest acceptance rate of young @entity1 with @entity6 whose median ages were 38-42 years. In most central and southern European countries the median age of @entity1 with @entity6 varied between 50 and 58 years. The high number of young @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity454 in Nordic countries point to a different natural history of this disease. It cannot be excluded, however, that the higher median age in other countries might result from doctors mistakenly diagnosing type I disease in @entity1 with @entity66 who need insulin treatment. @entity1 with @entity6 had a similar age distribution at start of RRT throughout Europe and their median ages clustered around 60 years in most countries. The contribution of haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation was analysed for @entity6 compared to non- @entity6 @entity454 . Despite large geographical differences in the proportional use of methods of treatment, a general trend to apply CAPD more frequently in @entity6 as compared to non- @entity6 @entity1 was observed, and this was true for countries with both predominant haemodialysis and predominant transplant programmes. Transplantation without prior dialysis was performed in 17% of Swedish and 30% of Norwegian @entity1 with @entity6 . In order to better explain the mortality of @entity1 with @entity6 @entity454 , the proportional distribution of causes of @entity204 was analysed. @entity296 and @entity1188 was confirmed to be the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity6 on RRT. The coronary @entity204 rate was estimated to be 10 times greater in young @entity1 with @entity6 as compared to their non- @entity6 counterparts. Other cardiovascular as well as infectious causes were recorded in a similar proportion of @entity204 in diabetics as in non-diabetics. @entity5 @entity204 , however, appeared to be definitely less frequent in @entity1 on RRT due to @entity2316 .

title: Renal replacement therapy in @entity1 with XXXX , 1980-1985. Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['type II disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes mellitus', 'type II diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRF', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: @entity2316 , a rarely listed cause of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) among @entity1 starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the early seventies, has progressively gained in importance and become one of the major reasons for the continuous growth of the @entity1 population on RRT in most European countries. Amongst new @entity1 commencing RRT in 1985, the acceptance rate varied between 3 and 12 per million population for @entity6 and between one and four per million population for @entity6 . Nordic countries, particularly Sweden and Finland, had the highest acceptance rate of young @entity1 with @entity6 whose median ages were 38-42 years. In most central and southern European countries the median age of @entity1 with @entity6 varied between 50 and 58 years. The high number of young @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity454 in Nordic countries point to a different natural history of this disease. It cannot be excluded, however, that the higher median age in other countries might result from doctors mistakenly diagnosing type I disease in @entity1 with @entity66 who need insulin treatment. @entity1 with @entity6 had a similar age distribution at start of RRT throughout Europe and their median ages clustered around 60 years in most countries. The contribution of haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation was analysed for @entity6 compared to non- @entity6 @entity454 . Despite large geographical differences in the proportional use of methods of treatment, a general trend to apply CAPD more frequently in @entity6 as compared to non- @entity6 @entity1 was observed, and this was true for countries with both predominant haemodialysis and predominant transplant programmes. Transplantation without prior dialysis was performed in 17% of Swedish and 30% of Norwegian @entity1 with @entity6 . In order to better explain the mortality of @entity1 with @entity6 @entity454 , the proportional distribution of causes of @entity204 was analysed. @entity296 and @entity1188 was confirmed to be the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity6 on RRT. The coronary @entity204 rate was estimated to be 10 times greater in young @entity1 with @entity6 as compared to their non- @entity6 counterparts. Other cardiovascular as well as infectious causes were recorded in a similar proportion of @entity204 in diabetics as in non-diabetics. @entity5 @entity204 , however, appeared to be definitely less frequent in @entity1 on RRT due to @entity2316 .

title: Renal replacement therapy in XXXX with @entity2316 , 1980-1985. Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity358 ( @entity358 ), caused by @entity5475 ( @entity5475 ), the @entity235 heartworm, is not common in @entity1 , though we recently encountered 4 cases. Chest X-ray images from annual health examinations showed a single spherical nodule in the inferior or middle portion of the right lung in each @entity1 . None of the @entity1 showed any clinical symptoms and had no contact with @entity235 . Hematological results in 3 of the cases were within normal limits, while mild @entity1712 was found in one. Serological tests for the Anti- @entity5475 antibodies were not performed. There were no characteristic clinical manifestation of @entity358 in any of the @entity1 , however, we consider it important to keep a diagnosis of @entity358 in mind, when we experienced these cases, they present no characteristic clinical manifestations. Pathologically, macroscopic findings showed well-circumscribed nodules that were round peripheral lesions in lungs. Histological results revealed @entity39 with @entity82 and granulation in the nodule edge, which contained inflammatory cells. By means of @entity575 staining, the worm structures in the nodules could be identified well, and the quadrant cells in the sections were numbered about 30. Immunohistochemically, the somatic muscle tissues were stained with anti- @entity5475 antibody. These findings indicated that the @entity358 in all 4 cases were due to @entity5475 .

title: XXXX --clinicopathological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation necrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'pulmonary lesions', 'Pulmonary dirofilariasis']

entities_list: @entity5475 :: ('6287', 'Species') :: ['Dirofilaria', 'D. immitis', 'Dirofilaria immitis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary dirofilariasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is commonly stated that risk factors for postoperative @entity390 are the same as for @entity391 . The authors designed a prospective study to identify and differentiate the risk factors for @entity1209 in various surgical populations in a clinical audit setting. METHODS: The study included 671 consecutive surgical inpatients, aged 15 yr or more, undergoing various procedures. The study focused on postoperative @entity390 visual analog scale scores every 4 h and @entity391 episodes within 72 h. Both @entity391 and retching were considered as emetic events. @entity1 -, anesthesia-, and surgery-related variables that were considered to have a possible effect on the proportion of @entity1 experiencing @entity1209 were examined. The bivariate Dale model for binary correlated outcomes was used to identify selectively the potential risk factors of @entity1209 . RESULTS: Among the 671 @entity1 in the study, 126 (19%) reported one or more episodes of @entity390 , and 66 @entity1 (10%) suffered one or more emetic episodes during the studied period. There was a highly significant association between the two outcomes. Some risk factors were predictive of both @entity390 and @entity391 (female gender, nonsmoking status, and general anesthesia). History of @entity2704 and type of surgery were mainly responsible for @entity390 but not for @entity391 . The predictive effect of risk factors was controlled for @entity282 and analgesic drugs. CONCLUSION: This study shows that differences exist in risk factors of @entity1209 . These could be explained by differences in the physiopathology of the two symptoms.

title: Difference in risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and/or vomiting', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity55834 is a very uncommon condition. The functional impairment resulting from the complete pronation posture justifies @entity717 . We present a series of six rotational osteotomies using the Hernigou-Goutallier technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Hernigou-Goutallier osteosynthesis procedure is based on a centromedullary nail and two external fixation pins positioned in the ulna at an angle corresponding to the desired rotation. The nail is partially withdrawn to @entity8213 via a horizontal incision between the two pins. After rotation, the osteotomy is stabilized with clamps holding the external fixation pins in parallel. RESULTS: Bone healing was achieved at two months in all six cases with no loss of correction. DISCUSSION: Among the different treatments proposed for radio-ulnar @entity8213 , the risk of vessel or @entity128 is high with screw-plate fixation despite shortening osteotomy. Palm-tree osteotomy raises the same risks and is more invasive and difficult to achieve. The @entity717 technique presented here has the advantage of allowing local care more easily than with cast fixation. Another important advantage is that an overcorrection leading to vessel or @entity128 can be reversed without losing the axis, allowing progressive correction if necessary.

title: [Rotational osteotomy technique for XXXX with central medullary nailing and external fixation].

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis', 'allow subperiosteal osteotomy in the synostosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotational osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity55834 :: ('MESH:C536268', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital radio-ulnar synostosis']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

answer: @entity55834 :: (MESH:C536268,Disease) :: ['congenital radio-ulnar synostosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal transplant rejection cannot be diagnosed with certainty by non-invasive techniques. These techniques lack the specificity to differentiate rejection from other causes of @entity8 such as @entity21618 and @entity137 . Since rejection involves lymphocytes, which the other courses of dysfunction do not, radiolabeling lymphocytes is an attractive technique to diagnose rejection non-invasively. MATERIAL/METHODS: We report our experience with this technique in a @entity1707 model of renal transplantation. We studied two groups of @entity1707 , one with renal autografts and the other with allografts. We optimized radiolabeling of lymphocytes and also the technology for detection of these lymphocytes. The uptake of the radiolabeled lymphocyte was compared between the two groups by surface detection and, at the end of the experiment, with scintigraphy of renal tissues. RESULTS: Despite adequate labeling and viability of lymphocytes, only 1-2% of injected lymphocytes 'homed' to the renal grafts. Furthermore, although the detection technology was optimized, a poor signal to noise ratio interfered with the detection of the labeled lymphocytes. Due to these problems rejection could not be differentiated from @entity21618 in this model. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that increasing the specific activity of the lymphocytes and improving the signal to noise ratio will enhance the specificity and sensitivity of this technique and facilitate non-invasive diagnosis of rejection.

title: Critical evaluation of radiolabeled lymphocytes to detect acute XXXX in a large animal model.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['calcineuria toxicity']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal transplant rejection']


abstract: To examine the short-term effects of hemicastration on pituitary-gonadal responses, 12 ram @entity742 were anesthetized and hemicastrated at 4 mo of age and killed (n = 4) at 2 (HC2), 7 (HC7), or 14 (HC14) days following surgery. Four intact (INT) rams were killed 14 days following anesthesia. Testis and pituitary weights were similar between HC and INT rams. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in HC rams increased within 6 h, peaked at 12 h, and remained elevated above INT levels throughout the study. Overall mean serum @entity251 levels in HC rams were lower than in INT rams for the first 48 h, but were similar by 3 days post-surgery. Pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) and @entity251 secretion was suppressed for the first 9.5 h following anesthesia and/or surgery in both HC and INT animals. A single LH pulse and succeeding @entity251 pulse occurred in 10/12 HC and 4/4 INT rams between 10 and 14 h post-surgery, both of which were lower in amplitude in HC than INT animals. However, on Day 7, pulsatile secretory patterns of LH and @entity251 were similar, suggesting compensatory @entity342 secretion had occurred in HC rams. Pituitary LH content was unaffected by hemicastration. In contrast, pituitary FSH content was greater in HC7 and HC14 compared to HC2 and INT animals. Pituitary @entity71076 concentrations were similar in INT, HC7, and HC14 rams, but were slightly reduced in HC2 rams. Neither testicular LH nor FSH receptor concentrations were altered by hemicastration at any time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Short-term pituitary-testicular responses of prepubertal ram XXXX to hemicastration.

entities_list: @entity71076 :: ('443413(Tax:9940)', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: Fifty-three cutaneous biopsies from 22 @entity1 with @entity33961 ( @entity33961 ) were reviewed. One or more biopsies from each @entity1 displayed a typical pattern of palisading histiocytic xanthogranuloma with bands of hyaline @entity16925 . Multiple foam cells and Touton giant cells were present, and atypical, bizarre-appearing foreign body giant cells were characteristic. @entity165 clefts were found in 18 specimens, and lymphoid nodules were found in 24, 8 of which had germinal center formation. Twenty-one specimens contained foci of plasma cells, and these were located perivascularly, at the periphery of lymphoid nodules, and, as infiltrates, between dermal collagen bundles. Unique features were @entity3139 , often appearing as @entity1358 , and a rare but distinctive palisading @entity165 cleft @entity738 . The cytoplasm of giant cells and histiocytes contained PAS-positive, diastase-resistant polysaccharide. Examination of 3 cases by electron microscopy revealed dendritic cells in the epidermis and vacuolated dermal histiocytes. S-100 antibody was negative in 3 cases. Leukocyte monoclonal antibody studies in 6 @entity1 showed predominantly T-helper lymphocytes within the @entity738 . @entity33961 is a T-helper cell, non-X histiocytic @entity738 with a distinctive histopathology.

title: Histopathology of XXXX with paraproteinemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Touton cell panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity16925 :: ('MESH:D017441', 'Disease') :: ['necrobiosis']

entities_list: @entity33961 :: ('MESH:D058252', 'Disease') :: ['NXG', 'necrobiotic xanthogranuloma']

entities_list: @entity3139 :: ('MESH:D015434', 'Disease') :: ['xanthogranulomatous panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity33961 :: (MESH:D058252,Disease) :: ['necrobiotic xanthogranuloma']


abstract: @entity3888 caused by either a restrictive bulboventricular foramen in single left ventricle with an outflow chamber or by a restrictive @entity1757 in @entity1145 with transposition of the great arteries can lead to a @entity1184 , noncompliant ventricle and excessive pulmonary blood flow. This combination is disadvantageous to potential Fontan procedure candidates because they are dependent on good ventricular function and low pulmonary vascular resistance for survival. The results of surgical procedures to directly or indirectly relieve significant @entity3888 (gradient greater than 30 mm Hg) in 24 @entity1 , 16 with single left ventricle and 8 with @entity1145 , were reviewed. Four @entity1 had a left ventricular apex to descending aorta valved conduit; none survived. Seven @entity1 had resection of subaortic tissue; four survived and four developed @entity616 at surgery. Adequate gradient relief was evident in only one of the four survivors. Thirteen @entity1 had a main pulmonary artery to ascending aorta @entity254 or conduit; six survived. All survivors had adequate gradient relief. The overall survival was 42% (10 of 24). None of seven @entity1 with a subaortic gradient greater than 75 mm Hg survived. These data show that: Surgical relief of established @entity3888 in @entity1 with single left ventricle and @entity1145 carries a high mortality rate, especially if the subaortic gradient is greater than 75 mm Hg. The best procedure appears to be the pulmonary artery to ascending aorta @entity254 . A clearer understanding of the factors leading to the development of significant @entity3888 is necessary to prevent it or to devise improved therapeutic strategies.

title: Surgical management of XXXX in single left ventricle and @entity1145 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity3888 :: ('MESH:D011662', 'Disease') :: ['Subaortic obstruction', 'subaortic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity3888 :: (MESH:D011662,Disease) :: ['subaortic obstruction']


abstract: @entity3888 caused by either a restrictive bulboventricular foramen in single left ventricle with an outflow chamber or by a restrictive @entity1757 in @entity1145 with transposition of the great arteries can lead to a @entity1184 , noncompliant ventricle and excessive pulmonary blood flow. This combination is disadvantageous to potential Fontan procedure candidates because they are dependent on good ventricular function and low pulmonary vascular resistance for survival. The results of surgical procedures to directly or indirectly relieve significant @entity3888 (gradient greater than 30 mm Hg) in 24 @entity1 , 16 with single left ventricle and 8 with @entity1145 , were reviewed. Four @entity1 had a left ventricular apex to descending aorta valved conduit; none survived. Seven @entity1 had resection of subaortic tissue; four survived and four developed @entity616 at surgery. Adequate gradient relief was evident in only one of the four survivors. Thirteen @entity1 had a main pulmonary artery to ascending aorta @entity254 or conduit; six survived. All survivors had adequate gradient relief. The overall survival was 42% (10 of 24). None of seven @entity1 with a subaortic gradient greater than 75 mm Hg survived. These data show that: Surgical relief of established @entity3888 in @entity1 with single left ventricle and @entity1145 carries a high mortality rate, especially if the subaortic gradient is greater than 75 mm Hg. The best procedure appears to be the pulmonary artery to ascending aorta @entity254 . A clearer understanding of the factors leading to the development of significant @entity3888 is necessary to prevent it or to devise improved therapeutic strategies.

title: Surgical management of @entity3888 in single left ventricle and XXXX .

answer: @entity1145 :: (MESH:D018785,Disease) :: ['tricuspid atresia']


abstract: We present our initial experience with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 301 pediatric @entity1 with a variety of @entity16 . MRI does not require ionizing radiation and can be done easily and safely in @entity1 . It is equal or superior to computed cranial tomographic (CT) scans in demonstrating most types of pediatric @entity16 . MRI is often superior to CT scans in demonstrating @entity5 , although both studies are usually abnormal in highly malignant @entity5 . No clear advantage was shown with either MRI or CT scans for fluid-filled @entity1504 . Lesions of the brain stem and upper cervical region, such as @entity1645 , are well delineated by MRI. Increased signal from the paranasal sinuses was frequently evident by MRI, but, in most instances, there was no clinical indication of @entity50 . Large arteries can be visualized as an area of diminished signal, and @entity932 , @entity50 , and @entity385 were demonstrated. The increased anatomic detail pictured by MRI allows the diagnosis of @entity154 , such as @entity6789 or septum pellucidum, that are not always apparent with CT scans. Although our experience with @entity602 was not extensive, fluid-filled lesions within the cord can be reliably demonstrated.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['agenesis of the corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['dural sinus thrombosis', 'sinus disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurologic disorders']


abstract: We evaluated the importance of @entity519 vasoconstriction as a mechanism for pulmonary blood flow reduction during unilobar @entity3952 lung injury in @entity235 . Pulmonary blood flow (PBF) and lung water were measured with positron emission tomography. Data from the injured left (LCL) and right (RCL) caudal lobes were compared in 23 @entity235 . Six @entity235 were used to demonstrate that endotoxin (15 micrograms/kg) prevents changes in regional PBF during selective @entity519 ventilation of the LCL. In 17 @entity235 , @entity3952 (OA, 0.015 ml/kg) was injected into the LCL through a balloon-wedged pulmonary arterial catheter. Five @entity235 received OA only (control group), eight received endotoxin (15 mcg/kg) before OA was administered (endotoxin group), and four were treated with @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ) after OA ( @entity5015 group). The base-line left-to-right PBF ratio (LCL/RCL PBF) was 1.01 +/- 0.11 (SD) for the control group and 1.07 +/- 0.16 for the @entity5015 group. One minute after OA, LCL/RCL PBF feel significantly (0.32 +/- 0.15 and 0.32 +/- 0.13 for the control and @entity5015 groups, respectively) before any significant increase in lung water was detected. In all 17 @entity235 that received OA, the LCL/RCL PBF remained severely reduced 60 min after OA compared with base-line values (0.41 +/- 0.15, 0.49 +/- 0.06, and 0.26 +/- 0.13 for the control, PGF1, and endotoxin groups, respectively) despite treatment with endotoxin or @entity5015 . Lung water measurements obtained 60 min after OA increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in the injured lobe (LCL) but not in the normal lobe (RCL) in all @entity235 groups, whereas PBF to the LCL remained significantly reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pulmonary blood flow distribution after lobar XXXX injury: a PET study.

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1', 'PGE1']

answer: @entity3952 :: (MESH:D019301,Chemical) :: ['oleic acid']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of total and free @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) in plasma and whole blood was investigated in seven adolescents and young adults (mean age 17.3 years) during a dosage interval at steady state. The concentration curves of @entity2052 in whole blood after an oral morning dose (mean 8.2 mg/kg body wt.) closely followed those in plasma but at a reduced level. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of total @entity2052 was 0.150-0.197 l/kg body wt. and of free @entity2052 0.911-1.58 l/kg body wt., which indicates considerable distribution of unbound @entity2052 as well as drug binding to extravascular proteins. The terminal half-life of free @entity2052 (6.4-6.7 h) was significantly shorter (P less than 0.05) than the half-life of total @entity2052 (10.4-11.9 h). The binding of @entity2052 in plasma was concentration dependent and fluctuated considerably within the individual dosage intervals. Concentrations of unbound @entity2052 in plasma water of whole blood varied to a corresponding degree, since distribution to blood cells was low (mean 2.2%). It is concluded that there are substantial differences in the pharmacokinetics of free and total @entity2052 . This may contribute to the well-known poor correlation between dose, plasma concentrations and effect of @entity2052 .

title: Pharmacokinetics of free and total XXXX in adolescents and young adults during maintenance therapy.

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['sodium valproate']


abstract: To verify the possibility of a concomitant therapy control in 31 @entity1 (18 @entity5144 [ @entity5144 ], 13 @entity309 [ @entity309 ]) the blood cell concentration of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) was continuously measured over a period of 6 months. The determinations were carried out by using a RIA of the CIS Corp. At any time @entity1500 was determined laboratory and clinical examinations were done and the P-III-P serum-level was measured by using a RIA of the Behringwerke. The cellular @entity1500 showed to be statistically significantly elevated compared to baseline, whereas within ranges of total cumulative dosages only insignificant fluctuations could be noticed. Like in the treatment of Psoriasis a strict correlation between the weekly administered dose and the cellular @entity1500 could be established, the total cumulative dose, however, had no influence on the cellular @entity1500 -level. In the treatment of @entity309 slightly higher weekly dosages were necessary, which caused significantly higher cellular @entity1500 concentrations in @entity309 @entity1 . Some correlations between clinical as well as serological parameters of disease activity could be noticed, nevertheless they do not allow distinct interpretations. In both diseases a significant relationship between the cellular @entity1500 -level and the P-III-P serum-level could be realized. A storage of @entity1500 in blood cells, especially in erythrocytes, seems to be evident. To reach therapeutical benefit in @entity309 slightly higher mean dosages may be necessary. A therapy monitoring by the means of continuous determinations of cellular @entity1500 seems to be impossible. In contrast an approach to the early detection of liver @entity82 can be given by the correlation between cellular @entity1500 and the P-III-P serum levels.

title: [Blood cell concentration of XXXX in long-term therapy of inflammatory rheumatic diseases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis', 'PA']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: The purpose of the present report is to demonstrate the results of conservative surgical treatment in twelve @entity1 with @entity751 ( @entity751 ). The reconstructive operation performed in each case depended on the preexisting drainage procedure. Out of eight @entity1 who had undergone vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy (GJ) four suffered from @entity9098 , four from dumping (DU) and four had @entity294 . All underwent closure of GJ and two of them duodenoplasty for coexisting @entity15960 . The results were very good (Visick grade I and II) in all @entity1 except for one complete failure. Out of four @entity1 who had undergone vagotomy and pyloroplasty, three had DU, two @entity294 and two @entity9098 . Pyloric reconstruction was performed in all subjects. Symptoms were relieved in all cases. In one @entity1 radioisotopic control showed mild G/O and D/G reflux. Conservative surgical operations give satisfactory results in the treatment of @entity751 . Furthermore they have lower morbidity and mortality than radical surgery.

title: Surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity9098 :: ('MESH:D001655', 'Disease') :: ['bile reflux and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['postvagotomy syndrome', 'PVS']

entities_list: @entity15960 :: ('MESH:C535720', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal stenosis']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['postvagotomy syndrome']


abstract: Of 926 @entity1 with @entity1358 , 36 (3.9%) had @entity3 to the brain. The median age at presentation was 61 years (range, 34 to 82). Nineteen @entity1 had a single lesion metastatic to the brain, and 16 of these lesions were supratentorial. In 28% of the @entity1 , computed tomography showed hyperdense lesions before contrast material was injected. All @entity1 , except 2 with incomplete records, had evidence of @entity66 involving bone, liver, or lung. The median time interval between the initial diagnosis and the discovery of brain @entity3 was 65.5 weeks (range, 0 to 462), with only 2 @entity1 initially presenting with brain @entity3 . Twenty-five of the @entity1 who received only radiation therapy had a median survival of 13 weeks (range, 4 to 146), while 7 selected @entity1 who underwent surgical resection and postoperative radiation had a median survival of 66 weeks (range, 18 to 260). In 5 of the 7 @entity1 , scans demonstrated recurrent @entity5 from 6 to 23 weeks postoperatively. One @entity1 had a pronounced reduction in the size of the @entity5 after radiation therapy only. This study shows that brain @entity3 is usually a late complication of @entity1358 and is associated with a poor prognosis.

title: Brain @entity3 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['widespread disease']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hypernephroma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['hypernephroma']


abstract: Of 926 @entity1 with @entity1358 , 36 (3.9%) had @entity3 to the brain. The median age at presentation was 61 years (range, 34 to 82). Nineteen @entity1 had a single lesion metastatic to the brain, and 16 of these lesions were supratentorial. In 28% of the @entity1 , computed tomography showed hyperdense lesions before contrast material was injected. All @entity1 , except 2 with incomplete records, had evidence of @entity66 involving bone, liver, or lung. The median time interval between the initial diagnosis and the discovery of brain @entity3 was 65.5 weeks (range, 0 to 462), with only 2 @entity1 initially presenting with brain @entity3 . Twenty-five of the @entity1 who received only radiation therapy had a median survival of 13 weeks (range, 4 to 146), while 7 selected @entity1 who underwent surgical resection and postoperative radiation had a median survival of 66 weeks (range, 18 to 260). In 5 of the 7 @entity1 , scans demonstrated recurrent @entity5 from 6 to 23 weeks postoperatively. One @entity1 had a pronounced reduction in the size of the @entity5 after radiation therapy only. This study shows that brain @entity3 is usually a late complication of @entity1358 and is associated with a poor prognosis.

title: Brain XXXX in @entity1358 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: The in vitro excystation of @entity461 on cysts isolated from @entity1 feces was studied. After purification by @entity969 gradient, cysts were incubated in a pepsin-acid solution, then placed in a modified HSP3 medium where excystation occurred within a few minutes. The excystation procedure was studied by continuous observations by light microscopy and sequential observations by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). The in vitro excystation was stopped at timed intervals during incubation by addition of a large amount of 1% @entity3584 . The excystation process began by the cyst wall opening at one pole. Flagella protruded rapidly, the parasite emerged progressively from the cyst envelope, posterior end first, the empty cyst collapsed and shrank. Although flagella emerging from the organism were distinguishable, the cell body had not yet shown all the morphological features of the @entity461 trophozoite. A radical rearrangement of the organism occurred gradually: initially oval in shape, the parasite became round, then elongated, flattened, and underwent cytokinesis. The daughter trophozoites acquired their typical morphological features: the shape, the adhesive disc with the C-shaped structure distinctly visible on the ventral surface, and the definite placement of the flagella. These observations obtained on @entity461 by @entity4653 were comparable to those obtained with @entity19443 .

title: In vitro excystation of Giardia from @entity1 : a XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia', 'G. lamblia']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity4653 :: (MESH:D004401,Disease) :: ['scanning electron microscopy']


abstract: The in vitro excystation of @entity461 on cysts isolated from @entity1 feces was studied. After purification by @entity969 gradient, cysts were incubated in a pepsin-acid solution, then placed in a modified HSP3 medium where excystation occurred within a few minutes. The excystation procedure was studied by continuous observations by light microscopy and sequential observations by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). The in vitro excystation was stopped at timed intervals during incubation by addition of a large amount of 1% @entity3584 . The excystation process began by the cyst wall opening at one pole. Flagella protruded rapidly, the parasite emerged progressively from the cyst envelope, posterior end first, the empty cyst collapsed and shrank. Although flagella emerging from the organism were distinguishable, the cell body had not yet shown all the morphological features of the @entity461 trophozoite. A radical rearrangement of the organism occurred gradually: initially oval in shape, the parasite became round, then elongated, flattened, and underwent cytokinesis. The daughter trophozoites acquired their typical morphological features: the shape, the adhesive disc with the C-shaped structure distinctly visible on the ventral surface, and the definite placement of the flagella. These observations obtained on @entity461 by @entity4653 were comparable to those obtained with @entity19443 .

title: In vitro excystation of Giardia from XXXX : a @entity4653 study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity9317 ( @entity9317 ) has been carried out in 59 @entity1 with complicated forms of @entity10189 (acquired short oesophagus, columnar lined oesophagus, previous oesophagogastric surgery, stenosis). A standard procedure (truncal vagotomy, antrectomy and gastrojejunal anatomosis using a 70 cm Roux-en-Y loop) was performed in 41 @entity1 , and some technical adjustments were required in 18 @entity1 previously operated on. One @entity1 died from @entity1151 . Bowel movements were resumed before the fifth postoperative day in 93 per cent of @entity1 (54/59). Early postoperative complications ( @entity7623 , 5; @entity292 , 1; subsequent operation, 1) occurred in 12 per cent of @entity1 . Stabilization of the @entity354 was achieved in less than 3 months in 95 per cent of cases (55/58). There were two cases of regression of columnar lined oesophagus. A 3-h postprandial pH assessment showed that the reflux had been controlled in 92 per cent of cases (47/51). One @entity1 who still had an acid reflux died subsequently of a perforated oesophageal ulcer. Three anastomotic @entity1066 occurred in eight @entity1 who did not have vagotomy. Digestive side-effects have been observed in nine @entity1 , but only in one case were they crippling. Our results suggest that @entity9317 is a suitable form of treatment for complicated forms of @entity10189 .

title: @entity9317 in the treatment of complicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastroparesis']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['Total duodenal diversion', 'TDD']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['peptic oesophagitis']


abstract: @entity9317 ( @entity9317 ) has been carried out in 59 @entity1 with complicated forms of @entity10189 (acquired short oesophagus, columnar lined oesophagus, previous oesophagogastric surgery, stenosis). A standard procedure (truncal vagotomy, antrectomy and gastrojejunal anatomosis using a 70 cm Roux-en-Y loop) was performed in 41 @entity1 , and some technical adjustments were required in 18 @entity1 previously operated on. One @entity1 died from @entity1151 . Bowel movements were resumed before the fifth postoperative day in 93 per cent of @entity1 (54/59). Early postoperative complications ( @entity7623 , 5; @entity292 , 1; subsequent operation, 1) occurred in 12 per cent of @entity1 . Stabilization of the @entity354 was achieved in less than 3 months in 95 per cent of cases (55/58). There were two cases of regression of columnar lined oesophagus. A 3-h postprandial pH assessment showed that the reflux had been controlled in 92 per cent of cases (47/51). One @entity1 who still had an acid reflux died subsequently of a perforated oesophageal ulcer. Three anastomotic @entity1066 occurred in eight @entity1 who did not have vagotomy. Digestive side-effects have been observed in nine @entity1 , but only in one case were they crippling. Our results suggest that @entity9317 is a suitable form of treatment for complicated forms of @entity10189 .

title: XXXX in the treatment of complicated @entity10189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity9317 :: (MESH:D004382,Disease) :: ['Total duodenal diversion']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of a rectal balloon for prostate immobilization and @entity137 reduction in @entity1 receiving dose-escalated intensity-modulated radiotherapy for @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity263 who were undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy were treated in a prone position, immobilized with a customized Vac-Lok bag (MED-TEC, Orange City, IA). A rectal balloon with 100 cc of air was used to immobilize the prostate. The prostate displacements were measured using computed tomography (CT)-CT fusion on 10 @entity1 who received radioactive seed implant before intensity-modulated radiotherapy. They were scanned twice weekly during 5 weeks of intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and breathing studies were also performed. @entity137 was evaluated by use of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scoring in 100 @entity1 . They were treated to a mean dose of 76 Gy over 35 fractions (2.17-Gy fraction size). Dose-volume histogram of the rectum was assessed. A film phantom was constructed to simulate the 4-cm diameter air cavity that was created by the rectal balloon. Kodak XV2 films (Rochester NY) were used to measure and compare dose distribution with and without the air cavity. A fraction of 1.25 Gy was delivered to the phantom at isocenter with 15-MV photons by use of the NOMOS Peacock system and the MIMiC treatment delivery system (Sewickley, PA). RESULTS: The anterior-posterior and lateral prostate displacements were minimal, on the order of measurement uncertainty (approximately 1 mm). The standard deviation of @entity75 was 1.78 mm. Breathing studies showed no organ displacement during normal breathing when the rectal balloon was in place. The @entity137 profile was very favorable: 83% (83/100) @entity1 had no rectal complaint, and 11% and 6% had grade 1 and 2 @entity137 , respectively. Dose-volume histogram analysis revealed that in all of the @entity1 , no more than 25% of the rectum received 70 Gy or greater. As visualized by film dosimetry, the dose at air-tissue interface was approximately 15% lower than that without an air cavity. The dose built up rapidly so that at 1 and 2 mm, the differential was approximately 8% and 5%, respectively. The dosimetric coverage at the depth of the posterior prostate wall was essentially equal, with or without the air cavity. DISCUSSION: The use of a rectal balloon during intensity-modulated radiotherapy significantly reduces prostate motion. Prostate immobilization thus allows a safer and smaller planning target volume margin. It has also helped spare the anterior rectal wall (by its dosimetric effects) and reduced the rectal volume that received high-dose radiation (by rectal wall distension). All these factors may have further contributed to the decreased @entity137 achieved by intensity-modulated radiotherapy, despite dose escalation and higher-than-conventional fraction size.

title: The use of rectal balloon during the delivery of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for XXXX : more than just a prostate gland immobilization device?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal toxicity', 'toxicity', 'rectal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['superior-inferior displacement']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To see if the results of managing @entity10545 with medical treatment alone is comparable to those after surgery or other ablative therapy. DESIGN: A case series. SETTING: A tertiary care centre. @entity1 : Eleven @entity1 with @entity10545 treated over a 5-year period. The condition was diagnosed from a typical history, @entity1 age, standard radiography, computed tomography, bone scanning, complete blood count and measurement of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. INTERVENTIONS: Continued medical treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for 6 months after @entity158 ceased. Surgery was done only in those who refused or could not tolerate medical treatment. MAIN RESULTS: Medical treatment successfully controlled the @entity158 in all @entity1 . Two @entity1 decided to undergo surgery because of intolerance to the NSAIDS. In 7 @entity1 the symptoms resolved after a mean time of 2.5 years. Two @entity1 were still taking NSAIDS 5 years from the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of @entity10545 is self-limited so @entity1 should be offered nonoperative treatment, reserving ablative treatment for those who are unable or unwilling to take NSAIDs until their symptoms resolve.

title: Medical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['osteoid osteoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: The incidence of primary @entity420 was lower and its treatment was difficult and its prognosis was worse. This study was designed to explore the clinical characters, treatment, prognosis of primary @entity420 in this paper as the incidence of primary @entity420 was lower, its treatment was difficult and its prognosis was worse. METHODS: From 1964 to 1999, twenty-four @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively in our hospital. RESULTS: The main clinical symptoms were @entity3556 and discharge. The median age was 49 years old. Five @entity1 were classified as stage I, 10 @entity1 were stage II, 5 @entity1 were stage III, and 4 @entity1 were stage IV. The lesion was located in the anterior wall in 8(33.3%) @entity1 , the posterior wall in 5(20.8%) @entity1 , the left wall in 1 @entity1 and the multiple walls in 10(41.7%) @entity1 . Twenty-four @entity1 were generally received radiotherapy, including external-beam and intracavitary irradiation. Two @entity1 were concurrently received chemotherapy and irradiation, Eight @entity1 were received chemotherapy as the @entity5 was not control and recurrent or metastatic. The survival rate of 3 years was 47.3% and that of 5 years was 34.2%. The survival mean time of @entity1 with stage I and stage II was 60.3 months obviously much longer than 14.8 months of @entity1 with stage III and stage IV, and they were significantly statistical difference (P < 0.01). But the survival mean time of @entity1 more than 40 years and less than or equal to 40 years was not significantly statistical difference. Eight @entity1 had local recurrence, which is the main reason of failure treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Primary vaginal @entity420 should mainly be adopted combined treatment depending on radiotherapy, but the prognosis was worse, the stage was the important factors affecting on the prognosis.

title: [Primary XXXX of vagina--attaching 24 cases clinical analysis].

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'vaginal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Male subjects (10 experimental, 16 control) with borderline @entity101 (140/90 to 160/95 mm Hg) participated in a circuit weight training program for 9 wk to assess its efficacy and safety. Resting blood pressure and heart rate were measured under standardized conditions prior to and following each session and at several locations in the circuit. Subjects were assessed pre- and post-training. Upper and lower body strength increased 12.5 and 53% when assessed by one-repetition maximum lifts for bench press (57 to 64 kg) and leg press (134 to 205 kg), respectively. Total weight lifted per circuit increased 57% (4,374 to 6,866 kg). Lean body mass increased 2.2% (64.0 to 65.4 kg), skinfold thicknesses decreased, and other measures of body composition remained unchanged. Cardiovascular endurance as assessed by arm ergometry maximal @entity26 uptake increased 21.1% (1.9 to 2.3 1 X @entity1009 ), and by 7.8% as assessed by treadmill maximal @entity26 uptake (40.9 to 44.1 ml X kg-1 X @entity1009 ). Resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure did not change. Diastolic blood pressure fell from 95.8 to 91.3 mm Hg. All changes were significant to at least P less than 0.05. Thus, circuit weight training can elicit marked improvements in muscular strength and modest improvements in body composition and cardiorespiratory endurance. Circuit weight training does not exacerbate resting or exercise blood pressure and may have beneficial effects.

title: Physiological response to circuit weight training in borderline XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: In 1996 the US construction industry comprised 5.4% of the annual US employment but accounted for 7.8% of nonfatal @entity5281 and illness and 9.7% of cases involving at least a day away from work. Information in the published literature on the disability arising from construction @entity130 is limited. The construction claims experience (n = 35,790) of a large workers' compensation insurer with national coverage was examined. The leading types and sources of disabling occupational morbidity in 1996 in the US construction industry were identified. Disability duration was calculated from indemnity payments data using previously published methods. The average disability duration for an injured construction worker was 46 days with a median of 0 days. The most frequently occurring conditions were @entity1643 (14.8%), @entity4858 (8.5%), and finger lacerations (4.8%). Back @entity158 also accounted for the greatest percentage of construction claim costs (21.3%) and disability days (25.5%). However, the conditions with the @entity717 durations were @entity130 , including @entity174 of the ankle (median = 55 days), foot (42 days), and wrist (38 days). Same-level and elevated falls were the principal exposures for @entity174 of the wrist and ankle, whereas elevated falls and struck by incidents accounted for the majority of @entity174 . Manual materials handling activities were most often associated with @entity1643 disability. The results suggest that these most disabling @entity130 can be addressed by increasing primary prevention resources in slips and falls and exposures related to @entity130 as well as in reducing manual materials handling and other exposures associated with more gradual-onset @entity130 .

title: Disabling XXXX in the US construction industry, 1996.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'foot fractures']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body eye injuries']

entities_list: @entity5281 :: ('MESH:D060051', 'Disease') :: ['occupational injuries']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['longest disability']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries of sudden-onset', 'injuries', 'sudden-onset injuries']

answer: @entity5281 :: (MESH:D060051,Disease) :: ['occupational injury']