abstract: In the present study, we observed the effects of an a(1)-adrenoceptor agonist ( @entity2647 ), b-adrenoceptor agonist ( @entity3044 ), muscarinic cholinoceptor agonist ( @entity5402 ), and a(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist ( @entity16427 ) on the bladder micturition function in anesthetized @entity19 . Changes in bladder pressure in response to filling and blood pressure were recorded by using a data acquisition system. @entity2647 (50 to 800  g/kg) increased vesical micturition pressure in a dose-dependent manner but increased micturition basal pressure only at 800  g/kg. @entity5402 (3 to 7  g/kg) increased the intercontraction interval and micturition time in a dose-dependent manner but increased micturition basal pressure only at 7  g/kg. @entity3044 (10 to 1000  g/kg) increased micturition time and decreased vesical micturition pressure in a dose-dependent manner. @entity16427 (10 to 1000  g/kg) did not affect bladder micturition function but dose-dependently inhibited @entity2647 -induced increases in vesical micturition pressure. @entity5402 (7  g/kg) and @entity3044 (1 mg/kg) caused a transient fall in blood pressure, whereas @entity16427 (1 mg/kg) had a long-lasting @entity551 effect. The maximal decrease in systolic and mean blood pressure by @entity5402 did not differ from that by @entity16427 and @entity3044 , respectively. @entity2647 (800  g/kg) transiently increased the blood pressure of anesthetized @entity19 . These results indicate that activation of muscarinic cholinoceptors decreases voiding frequency and increases bladder capacity in anesthetized @entity19 . Activation of a(1)-adrenoceptors mainly increases vesical micturition pressure, whereas activation of b-adrenoceptors decreases vesical micturition pressure and prolongs micturition time in anesthetized @entity19 .

title: Pharmacologic characteristics of bladder micturition function in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxazosin', 'doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprenaline', 'isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Reports from developing countries indicate that a rise in the socioeconomic level is a risk factor for @entity209 . We aimed to assess the indices of @entity28 , @entity2299 , and @entity2690 resistance among fairly literate healthy adults in a multidisciplinary institution in Trinidad. The study included 156 volunteers (46 males and 110 females, 17-40 years old). The subjects provided information on age, ethnicity, educational attainment, and occupation in self-administered, closed-ended questionnaires. Waist and hip circumferences (cm), weight (kg), and height (m) were measured. Fasting blood samples were taken for @entity413 , @entity2690 , and lipid determinations in 78 subjects who volunteered for laboratory measurements. @entity2690 resistance was determined with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Of the 156 subjects studied, 83% had received tertiary education, and had no previous record of body mass index (BMI); 8% were @entity28 , 17% were overweight, and 27% were underweight. Laboratory measurements in 78 subjects revealed 28% @entity1007 and 20% @entity3190 . There were no significant gender-related differences in these prevalence rates (P>0.05). The identification of @entity28 , underweight, @entity3190 , and @entity1007 in this healthy population suggests that screening for the indices of @entity209 in a healthy population would be potentially useful for the early identification and treatment of @entity209 .

title: Indices of XXXX , @entity2299 , and @entity2690 resistance in apparently healthy Caribbean subjects.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic-related disorders', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Reports from developing countries indicate that a rise in the socioeconomic level is a risk factor for @entity209 . We aimed to assess the indices of @entity28 , @entity2299 , and @entity2690 resistance among fairly literate healthy adults in a multidisciplinary institution in Trinidad. The study included 156 volunteers (46 males and 110 females, 17-40 years old). The subjects provided information on age, ethnicity, educational attainment, and occupation in self-administered, closed-ended questionnaires. Waist and hip circumferences (cm), weight (kg), and height (m) were measured. Fasting blood samples were taken for @entity413 , @entity2690 , and lipid determinations in 78 subjects who volunteered for laboratory measurements. @entity2690 resistance was determined with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Of the 156 subjects studied, 83% had received tertiary education, and had no previous record of body mass index (BMI); 8% were @entity28 , 17% were overweight, and 27% were underweight. Laboratory measurements in 78 subjects revealed 28% @entity1007 and 20% @entity3190 . There were no significant gender-related differences in these prevalence rates (P>0.05). The identification of @entity28 , underweight, @entity3190 , and @entity1007 in this healthy population suggests that screening for the indices of @entity209 in a healthy population would be potentially useful for the early identification and treatment of @entity209 .

title: Indices of @entity28 , XXXX , and @entity2690 resistance in apparently healthy Caribbean subjects.

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: Reports from developing countries indicate that a rise in the socioeconomic level is a risk factor for @entity209 . We aimed to assess the indices of @entity28 , @entity2299 , and @entity2690 resistance among fairly literate healthy adults in a multidisciplinary institution in Trinidad. The study included 156 volunteers (46 males and 110 females, 17-40 years old). The subjects provided information on age, ethnicity, educational attainment, and occupation in self-administered, closed-ended questionnaires. Waist and hip circumferences (cm), weight (kg), and height (m) were measured. Fasting blood samples were taken for @entity413 , @entity2690 , and lipid determinations in 78 subjects who volunteered for laboratory measurements. @entity2690 resistance was determined with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Of the 156 subjects studied, 83% had received tertiary education, and had no previous record of body mass index (BMI); 8% were @entity28 , 17% were overweight, and 27% were underweight. Laboratory measurements in 78 subjects revealed 28% @entity1007 and 20% @entity3190 . There were no significant gender-related differences in these prevalence rates (P>0.05). The identification of @entity28 , underweight, @entity3190 , and @entity1007 in this healthy population suggests that screening for the indices of @entity209 in a healthy population would be potentially useful for the early identification and treatment of @entity209 .

title: Indices of @entity28 , @entity2299 , and XXXX resistance in apparently healthy Caribbean subjects.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Cyclooxygenase(COX) is a rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis. Recent study suggested that @entity2247 was associated with @entity105 . This study was designed to investigate the role of COX in the development and progression of @entity150 through examining the expression of @entity9859 and @entity2247 in @entity1 @entity150 tissue, normal bladder mucosa, and @entity2335 tissue. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry(Envision method) were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression of @entity9859 and @entity2247 in @entity150 (BTCC), tissue adjacent to @entity150 , and chronic @entity2335 tissue. Furthermore, the relationship between COX expression level and @entity5 pathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: Using RT-PCR, all 15 frozen specimens from @entity150 were shown to express @entity2247 mRNA, while only 1 of 5 specimens from grossly normal mucosa adjacent to @entity5 expressed @entity2247 mRNA, with significant difference. But @entity9859 mRNA was expressed constitutionally in all of the fresh @entity5 tissue samples. The immunohistochemical result was analogous to RT-PCR result. @entity2247 protein was mainly localized at cytoplasm of malignant cell (positive rate was 50%) but was not expressed in normal bladder mucosa (n = 4) and chronic @entity2335 tissues (n = 5). In contrast, @entity9859 protein was mainly localized at smooth muscle cell of normal tissue and @entity2335 tissue(positive rate was 100%) but was not expressed in @entity5 tissue. In 40 paraffin embedded specimens of BTCC, the intensity of @entity2247 expression was associated with @entity5 grade and stage. The level of @entity2247 expression was higher in grade III @entity5 , than in grade I, II @entity5 , and was higher in invasive @entity5 (T2-T4) than in superficial @entity5 (Ta-T1). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity2247 mRNA and protein was enhanced in @entity1 BTCC, and was associated with the @entity5 , indicating that @entity2247 may play a key role in the development and progression of BTCC.

title: [Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in @entity1 transitional cell XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignant degree of the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder transitional cell carcinoma', 'cancer, normal bladder mucosa', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Cyclooxygenase(COX) is a rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis. Recent study suggested that @entity2247 was associated with @entity105 . This study was designed to investigate the role of COX in the development and progression of @entity150 through examining the expression of @entity9859 and @entity2247 in @entity1 @entity150 tissue, normal bladder mucosa, and @entity2335 tissue. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry(Envision method) were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression of @entity9859 and @entity2247 in @entity150 (BTCC), tissue adjacent to @entity150 , and chronic @entity2335 tissue. Furthermore, the relationship between COX expression level and @entity5 pathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: Using RT-PCR, all 15 frozen specimens from @entity150 were shown to express @entity2247 mRNA, while only 1 of 5 specimens from grossly normal mucosa adjacent to @entity5 expressed @entity2247 mRNA, with significant difference. But @entity9859 mRNA was expressed constitutionally in all of the fresh @entity5 tissue samples. The immunohistochemical result was analogous to RT-PCR result. @entity2247 protein was mainly localized at cytoplasm of malignant cell (positive rate was 50%) but was not expressed in normal bladder mucosa (n = 4) and chronic @entity2335 tissues (n = 5). In contrast, @entity9859 protein was mainly localized at smooth muscle cell of normal tissue and @entity2335 tissue(positive rate was 100%) but was not expressed in @entity5 tissue. In 40 paraffin embedded specimens of BTCC, the intensity of @entity2247 expression was associated with @entity5 grade and stage. The level of @entity2247 expression was higher in grade III @entity5 , than in grade I, II @entity5 , and was higher in invasive @entity5 (T2-T4) than in superficial @entity5 (Ta-T1). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity2247 mRNA and protein was enhanced in @entity1 BTCC, and was associated with the @entity5 , indicating that @entity2247 may play a key role in the development and progression of BTCC.

title: [Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in XXXX transitional cell @entity150 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe fetal spectrum and echocardiographic characteristics of @entity1700 ( @entity1700 , cardinal veins) without other structural @entity299 (isolated @entity1700 ), evaluate associated extracardiac and @entity74 and review neonatal outcome. METHODS: From 2003 to 2009, 369 consecutive fetuses were diagnosed with @entity299 , including 27 cases with an isolated @entity1700 . The following variables were collected: type of @entity1700 , @entity154 , karyotype and short-term outcome. RESULTS: The most common forms of @entity1700 were persistent @entity4264 ( @entity6480 ) (n = 15) and interrupted @entity6323 ( @entity6323 ) (n = 6). The other @entity1700 types were a persistent left @entity6480 without a right @entity6480 (n = 4), bilateral agenesis of the @entity6480 with cephalic venous drainage toward the @entity6323 through the azygos system (n = 1) and total @entity1700 to the coronary sinus (n = 1). @entity74 were confirmed in five cases, all with a persistent left @entity6480 , with @entity154 present in four of them. Ten other @entity1 had @entity154 detected prenatally or postnatally. When available, @entity1700 diagnosis was confirmed postnatally in all cases. CONCLUSION: Isolated ASVRs can be accurately diagnosed prenatally and are frequently associated with extracardiac and @entity74 . A detailed morphological ultrasound and fetal karyotype should be suggested. Neonatal outcome was mainly related to the associated anomalies.

title: Prenatal diagnosis of abnormal cardinal systemic venous return without other XXXX : a case series.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['extracardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['left superior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['ASVR', 'anomalous systemic venous return']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Genetic disorders', 'genetic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects', 'cardiac malformation']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena cava', 'IVC']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart defects']


abstract: @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ), which results from progressive hepatobiliary @entity82 , is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, but it is difficult to identify before @entity101 ( @entity101 ) ensues. Clinical signs, serum @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and ultrasound (US) are widely applied, but their value in predicting the presence of @entity82 , the development of @entity101 , or adverse outcomes is undetermined. The potential gold standard, liver biopsy, is not standard practice and, notwithstanding sampling error considerations, has not been systematically evaluated. Forty @entity1 with @entity1577 (median age = 10.6 years) with abnormal clinical, biochemical, and US findings were subjected to dual-pass percutaneous liver biopsy. Clinical outcomes were recorded over 12 years of follow-up (median = 9.5 years for survivors). Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses were applied to predict @entity1575 (which was assessed by @entity82 staging and quantitative immunohistochemistry) and the occurrence of @entity101 . @entity101 occurred in 17 of 40 @entity1 (42%), including 6 of 7 (17%) who died during follow-up. Clinical examination, serum ALT levels, and US findings failed to predict either the presence of liver @entity82 or the development of @entity101 . @entity82 staging on liver biopsy, where the accuracy was improved by dual passes (P = 0.002, nonconcordance = 38%), predicted the development of @entity101 (P < 0.001), which occurred more frequently and at a younger age in those with severe @entity82 . CONCLUSION: Clinical modalities currently employed to evaluate suspected @entity1575 help to identify a cohort of @entity1 at risk for @entity409 and adverse outcomes but do not predict an individual's risk of liver @entity82 or @entity101 development. Liver @entity82 on biopsy predicts the development of clinically significant @entity409 . Dual passes help to address sampling concerns. Liver biopsy has a relevant role in the management of @entity1 with suspected @entity1575 and deserves more widespread application.

title: Importance of @entity1575 in XXXX and the predictive value of liver biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['PHT', 'portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['CFLD', 'hepatic fibrosis', 'Cystic fibrosis liver disease']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ), which results from progressive hepatobiliary @entity82 , is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, but it is difficult to identify before @entity101 ( @entity101 ) ensues. Clinical signs, serum @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and ultrasound (US) are widely applied, but their value in predicting the presence of @entity82 , the development of @entity101 , or adverse outcomes is undetermined. The potential gold standard, liver biopsy, is not standard practice and, notwithstanding sampling error considerations, has not been systematically evaluated. Forty @entity1 with @entity1577 (median age = 10.6 years) with abnormal clinical, biochemical, and US findings were subjected to dual-pass percutaneous liver biopsy. Clinical outcomes were recorded over 12 years of follow-up (median = 9.5 years for survivors). Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses were applied to predict @entity1575 (which was assessed by @entity82 staging and quantitative immunohistochemistry) and the occurrence of @entity101 . @entity101 occurred in 17 of 40 @entity1 (42%), including 6 of 7 (17%) who died during follow-up. Clinical examination, serum ALT levels, and US findings failed to predict either the presence of liver @entity82 or the development of @entity101 . @entity82 staging on liver biopsy, where the accuracy was improved by dual passes (P = 0.002, nonconcordance = 38%), predicted the development of @entity101 (P < 0.001), which occurred more frequently and at a younger age in those with severe @entity82 . CONCLUSION: Clinical modalities currently employed to evaluate suspected @entity1575 help to identify a cohort of @entity1 at risk for @entity409 and adverse outcomes but do not predict an individual's risk of liver @entity82 or @entity101 development. Liver @entity82 on biopsy predicts the development of clinically significant @entity409 . Dual passes help to address sampling concerns. Liver biopsy has a relevant role in the management of @entity1 with suspected @entity1575 and deserves more widespread application.

title: Importance of XXXX in @entity1577 and the predictive value of liver biopsy.

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['hepatic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence rate of acute @entity788 has been reported as having increased during recent decades in Western countries. Reported mortality lies around 10% and has improved during the past 20 years. The incidence rate and 30-day case fatality rate of acute @entity788 in North Jutland County, Denmark were examined for the period 1981 to 2000. METHODS: Data were collected from the Hospital Discharge Registry of North Jutland County for the period 1981-2000. Sex- and age-standardized incidence rates and 30-day case fatality rate of a first attack of acute @entity788 were calculated. Data on endoscopic procedures were assessed for the period 1992 to 2000 and on certain drugs for 1991 to 1999. RESULTS: The incidence rate of acute @entity788 in @entity1 increased from 17.1 per 100,000 @entity1 -years in 1981 (95% confidence interval (CI), 12.6-23.2) to 37.8 per 100,000 @entity1 -years in 2000 (95% CI, 31.0-46.1). The corresponding increase in @entity1 was from 18 per 100,000 @entity1 -years in 1981 (95% CI, 13.3-24.2) to 27.1 per 100,000 @entity1 -years in 2000 (95% CI, 21.5-34.3). The incidence rate of acute @entity788 increased with age in both sexes. The overall 30-day case fatality rate was 7.5% (95% CI, 6.5-8.7) increasing with age, adjusted @entity20897 (95% CI, 3.5-11.6) and decreased with time, adjusted OR = 0.7 (95% CI, 0.4-1.0). CONCLUSION: The incidence of acute @entity788 has increased, and in @entity1 surpassed that in @entity1 in 1999 and 2000. Short-term prognosis has improved.

title: Secular trends in incidence and 30-day case fatality of acute XXXX in North Jutland County, Denmark: a register-based study from 1981-2000.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 associated with aging in males may improve with anabolic/androgenic @entity134 therapy. The efficacy and safety of @entity251 therapy in the treatment of @entity308 in elderly hypogonadal males is inconclusive. The following study identifies a subgroup of elderly depressed males who may benefit from @entity251 therapy. METHOD: @entity1 included 16 elderly eugonadal males with @entity308 (DSM-IV criteria) and a Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAM-D) score > 18. Following a single-blind 2-week placebo lead-in, @entity1 were randomly assigned to treatment with either a physiologic dose of @entity11335 (TC), 100 mg/week, or supraphysiologic dose of 200 mg/week IM for 6 weeks. Psychometric testing was carried out at entry into the study, at the TC injection baseline, and every 2 weeks thereafter. Tests included an objective measurement, the HAM-D, and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. RESULTS: One @entity1 meeting inclusion criteria responded during the placebo lead-in; thus, 15 @entity1 were randomly assigned to treatment (100 mg/week, N = 8; 200 mg/week, N = 7). There was a 42% decrease in the mean HAM-D scores from 20.1 to 11.9 (p <.0001). However, the majority of the change was due to improvement in the 10 late-onset (< or = 45 years old) @entity308 @entity1 , whose mean HAM-D score decreased from 19.8 to 9.3 (53%), versus the 5 early-onset @entity308 @entity1 , whose mean HAM-D score decreased from 20.8 to 17.0 (18%) (p =.0110). The TC dose did not affect the response. Similar HAM-D decreases of 43% and 41% occurred for the respective 100- and 200-mg/week doses. The HAM-D responder analysis found that none of 5 early-onset @entity1 had HAM-D response, whereas 6 (60%) of 10 late-onset @entity1 responded (p =.025). Similarly, none of the early-onset @entity1 experienced a remission whereas 5 (50%) of the late-onset @entity1 were categorized as remitters (p =.053). Correlations between the peak and mean total @entity251 concentrations and HAM-D change scores suggested that only minimal TC doses were required to produce an antidepressant effect. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that @entity251 therapy would best be limited to @entity1 with late-onset @entity308 . The findings suggest that short-term therapy with TC is safe. Long-term treatment safety is unknown. Psychiatrists using @entity251 therapy should ascertain that @entity1 have been recently valuated for @entity263 . If @entity251 therapy is initiated, serial serum @entity1486 sampling should be used for monitoring @entity1 ' prostate status.

title: XXXX therapy in late-life major @entity308 in males.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder', 'Major depression']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity11335 :: ('MESH:C016131', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone cypionate']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['Testosterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 associated with aging in males may improve with anabolic/androgenic @entity134 therapy. The efficacy and safety of @entity251 therapy in the treatment of @entity308 in elderly hypogonadal males is inconclusive. The following study identifies a subgroup of elderly depressed males who may benefit from @entity251 therapy. METHOD: @entity1 included 16 elderly eugonadal males with @entity308 (DSM-IV criteria) and a Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAM-D) score > 18. Following a single-blind 2-week placebo lead-in, @entity1 were randomly assigned to treatment with either a physiologic dose of @entity11335 (TC), 100 mg/week, or supraphysiologic dose of 200 mg/week IM for 6 weeks. Psychometric testing was carried out at entry into the study, at the TC injection baseline, and every 2 weeks thereafter. Tests included an objective measurement, the HAM-D, and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. RESULTS: One @entity1 meeting inclusion criteria responded during the placebo lead-in; thus, 15 @entity1 were randomly assigned to treatment (100 mg/week, N = 8; 200 mg/week, N = 7). There was a 42% decrease in the mean HAM-D scores from 20.1 to 11.9 (p <.0001). However, the majority of the change was due to improvement in the 10 late-onset (< or = 45 years old) @entity308 @entity1 , whose mean HAM-D score decreased from 19.8 to 9.3 (53%), versus the 5 early-onset @entity308 @entity1 , whose mean HAM-D score decreased from 20.8 to 17.0 (18%) (p =.0110). The TC dose did not affect the response. Similar HAM-D decreases of 43% and 41% occurred for the respective 100- and 200-mg/week doses. The HAM-D responder analysis found that none of 5 early-onset @entity1 had HAM-D response, whereas 6 (60%) of 10 late-onset @entity1 responded (p =.025). Similarly, none of the early-onset @entity1 experienced a remission whereas 5 (50%) of the late-onset @entity1 were categorized as remitters (p =.053). Correlations between the peak and mean total @entity251 concentrations and HAM-D change scores suggested that only minimal TC doses were required to produce an antidepressant effect. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that @entity251 therapy would best be limited to @entity1 with late-onset @entity308 . The findings suggest that short-term therapy with TC is safe. Long-term treatment safety is unknown. Psychiatrists using @entity251 therapy should ascertain that @entity1 have been recently valuated for @entity263 . If @entity251 therapy is initiated, serial serum @entity1486 sampling should be used for monitoring @entity1 ' prostate status.

title: @entity251 therapy in late-life major XXXX in males.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Aim of this study was to provide clinico-experimental basis of application of biodegradable implants in surgical treatment of @entity1897 . Experimental investigations were performed on non-pedigree female @entity35 with body weight of 200-250 grams. 10 animals were used, 20 sciatic nerves were operated. Morphological examinations were done on 21st and 101st days after surgery. Clinical part of the study was performed after finishing of experimental block and included 20 @entity1 with @entity1897 . Information about @entity1 included: sex, age, type and localization of lesion, preoperative @entity16 , data of electrophysiological and ultrasonographic studies and MRI. Follow-up period varied between 3 and 12 months. The series included 13 male and 7 female @entity1 , age was 20-63 years. Injection of "Sphero(r)Gel" in the area of nerve suture enables more effective regeneration of axons and their growth through the injury site. Application of "ElastoPOB(r)" membrane favors demarcation of peripheral nerve from surrounding scar tissues in the wound. Acquired data demonstrate decreased influence of scarring process on the nerve trunk in the postoperative period according to neurological examination, electroneuromyography, ultrasonography and MRI.

title: [Clinico-experimental basis of application of biodegradable implants in surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological status']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve lesions']


abstract: Recognition of bacterial constituents by mast cells (MCs) is dependent on the presence of pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The final cellular response, however, depends on the influence of multiple environmental factors. In the current study we tested the hypothesis that the PI3K-activating ligands insulin-like growth factor-1 ( @entity7424 ), insulin, antigen, and @entity10898 (SF) are able to modulate the @entity1990 -mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines in @entity19 MCs. Costimulation with any of these ligands caused increased @entity558 -triggered secretion of @entity777 and @entity637 , but attenuated the production of @entity635 , though all three cytokines were produced in an NFkB-dependent manner. The pan-specific PI3K-inhibitor @entity2307 reverted the altered production of these cytokines. In agreement, MCs deficient for @entity20216 , a negative regulator of the PI3K pathway, showed augmented secretion of @entity777 / @entity637 and reduced production of @entity635 in response to @entity558 alone. The differential effects of @entity7424 on @entity1990 -mediated cytokine production were also observed in the context of @entity8932 and @entity26051 receptor-mediated MC activation. Importantly, these effects were seen in both bone marrow-derived and peritoneal MCs, suggesting general relevance for MCs. Using pharmacological and genetic tools, we could show that the @entity20721   isoform of PI3K is strongly implicated in SF-triggered suppression of @entity558 -induced @entity635 production. Costimulation with antigen was affected to a lesser extent. In conclusion, NFkB-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines in MCs is differentially controlled by PI3K-activating ligand/receptor systems.

title: Activation of the PI3K pathway increases TLR-induced @entity637 and XXXX but reduces @entity635 production in mast cells.

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['Wortmannin']

answer: @entity777 :: (16193(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: Recognition of bacterial constituents by mast cells (MCs) is dependent on the presence of pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The final cellular response, however, depends on the influence of multiple environmental factors. In the current study we tested the hypothesis that the PI3K-activating ligands insulin-like growth factor-1 ( @entity7424 ), insulin, antigen, and @entity10898 (SF) are able to modulate the @entity1990 -mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines in @entity19 MCs. Costimulation with any of these ligands caused increased @entity558 -triggered secretion of @entity777 and @entity637 , but attenuated the production of @entity635 , though all three cytokines were produced in an NFkB-dependent manner. The pan-specific PI3K-inhibitor @entity2307 reverted the altered production of these cytokines. In agreement, MCs deficient for @entity20216 , a negative regulator of the PI3K pathway, showed augmented secretion of @entity777 / @entity637 and reduced production of @entity635 in response to @entity558 alone. The differential effects of @entity7424 on @entity1990 -mediated cytokine production were also observed in the context of @entity8932 and @entity26051 receptor-mediated MC activation. Importantly, these effects were seen in both bone marrow-derived and peritoneal MCs, suggesting general relevance for MCs. Using pharmacological and genetic tools, we could show that the @entity20721   isoform of PI3K is strongly implicated in SF-triggered suppression of @entity558 -induced @entity635 production. Costimulation with antigen was affected to a lesser extent. In conclusion, NFkB-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines in MCs is differentially controlled by PI3K-activating ligand/receptor systems.

title: Activation of the PI3K pathway increases TLR-induced @entity637 and @entity777 but reduces XXXX production in mast cells.

answer: @entity635 :: (16176(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-1b']


abstract: Recognition of bacterial constituents by mast cells (MCs) is dependent on the presence of pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The final cellular response, however, depends on the influence of multiple environmental factors. In the current study we tested the hypothesis that the PI3K-activating ligands insulin-like growth factor-1 ( @entity7424 ), insulin, antigen, and @entity10898 (SF) are able to modulate the @entity1990 -mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines in @entity19 MCs. Costimulation with any of these ligands caused increased @entity558 -triggered secretion of @entity777 and @entity637 , but attenuated the production of @entity635 , though all three cytokines were produced in an NFkB-dependent manner. The pan-specific PI3K-inhibitor @entity2307 reverted the altered production of these cytokines. In agreement, MCs deficient for @entity20216 , a negative regulator of the PI3K pathway, showed augmented secretion of @entity777 / @entity637 and reduced production of @entity635 in response to @entity558 alone. The differential effects of @entity7424 on @entity1990 -mediated cytokine production were also observed in the context of @entity8932 and @entity26051 receptor-mediated MC activation. Importantly, these effects were seen in both bone marrow-derived and peritoneal MCs, suggesting general relevance for MCs. Using pharmacological and genetic tools, we could show that the @entity20721   isoform of PI3K is strongly implicated in SF-triggered suppression of @entity558 -induced @entity635 production. Costimulation with antigen was affected to a lesser extent. In conclusion, NFkB-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines in MCs is differentially controlled by PI3K-activating ligand/receptor systems.

title: Activation of the PI3K pathway increases TLR-induced XXXX and @entity777 but reduces @entity635 production in mast cells.

answer: @entity637 :: (21926(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TNF-a']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study. OBJECTIVES: To assess the outcome of @entity1 with a single thoracolumbar burst @entity174 treated with circumferential short-segment fusion consisting of posterior reduction, short-segment fusion, and delayed staged mini-open anterior short-segment fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The surgical treatment of thoracolumbar @entity174 remains controversial. In attempting to combine the advantages of posterior procedures, including initial correction of @entity1513 and early decompression, and those of anterior procedures, including direct decompression and restoration of anterior column support, a combined posterior and delayed staged anterior procedure seems to be a reasonable choice. However, conventional combined procedures are invasive. METHODS: We prospectively selected 28 consecutive @entity1 with single thoracolumbar burst @entity174 for circumferential short-segment fusion consisting of posterior reduction, short-segment fusion, and delayed staged mini-open anterior short-segment fusion. The pedicle screw systems were removed after confirmation of posterior bony fusion to preserve as many motion segments as possible in those @entity1 who could be treated with circumferential monosegmental fusion. Radiographic and clinical assessment of 28 @entity1 who received this treatment was carried out. RESULTS: The mean loss of correction of @entity1513 between the time of the combined procedure and final follow-up was 3.7 degrees (range, 0 to 10.2 degrees). Bony fusion was eventually achieved in all @entity1 . There were 15 cases with monosegmental and 13 cases with bisegmental circumferential fusion. All 10 @entity1 with initial @entity51 improved by at least 1 Frankel grade: 3 improved by 1 grade, 5 improved by 2 grades, and 2 improved by 3 grades. In total, 27 @entity1 , who were P1 or P2 on the @entity158 scale, were considered to have obtained clinically satisfactory results. CONCLUSIONS: This combined procedure is less invasive than the conventional combined one, and finally achieves shorter stabilization, resulting in preservation of motion segments. It thus seems to be a reasonable treatment option for thoracolumbar @entity174 .

title: Combined posterior and delayed staged mini-open anterior short-segment fusion for thoracolumbar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['burst fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Denis pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['burst fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND STUDY DESIGN: Several noninvasive adjunctive methods have been proposed for identification of potentially @entity5 . The VELscope is an optical device for detecting spatial changes in mucosa autofluorescence caused by @entity75 in conjunction with an intraoral exam. The aim of our prospective study was to correlate loss of autofluorescence from undiagnosed mucosa lesions with histology. RESULTS: In total 64 @entity1 considered at risk for @entity957 (20 had previous OSCC) were included in the study. Regions with fluorescence visualization loss were considered as malignant or @entity6349 . All @entity1 underwent biopsy after VELscope examination. In 22 @entity1 (34.4%) a loss of autofluorescence indicating a @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) or @entity3137 was detected. The sensitivity of identification of malignant and @entity6349 areas with the VELscope was 100% and the specificity was 80.8%, respectively, compared with histology as gold standard. The positive predictive value was 54.5% and the negative predictive value was 100% respectively. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of autofluorescence imaging with VELscope can assist in the identification of malignant and potentially malignant oral lesions from normal mucosa in high-risk @entity1 but does not help discriminating benign lesions from malignant or @entity33 .

title: Autofluorescence imaging of potentially XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mucosa lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant mucosal conditions']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mucosal lesion']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial neoplasia', 'SIN']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant mucosa lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1577 is a characteristic feature of chronic @entity660 and is thought to result from a change in the balance between synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Recent studies suggest that activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a central role in pancreatic fibrogenesis via increased synthesis of ECM proteins. However, the role of these cells in ECM protein degradation has not been fully elucidated. AIMS: To determine: (i) whether PSCs secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and, if so (ii) whether MMP and @entity6930 secretion by PSCs is altered in response to known @entity991 activating factors such as @entity5 factor alpha ( @entity1505 ), @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ), @entity568 ( @entity568 ), @entity1068 , and @entity3094 . METHODS: Cultured @entity35 PSCs (n=3-5 separate cell preparations) were incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 hours with serum free culture medium containing @entity1505 (5-25 U/ml), @entity1810 (0.5-1 ng/ml), @entity568 (0.001-10 ng/ml), @entity1068 (10-50 mM), or @entity3094 (150-200 micro M), or no additions (controls). Medium from control cells was examined for the presence of MMPs by zymography using a 10% @entity2975 -0.1% gelatin gel. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to examine gene expression of @entity6929 and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases @entity6930 and @entity11018 . Western blotting was used to identify a specific MMP, @entity11017 (a gelatinase that digests basement membrane collagen and the dominant MMP observed on zymography) and a specific @entity6930 , @entity11018 . Reverse zymography was used to examine functional TIMPs in @entity991 secretions. The effect of @entity1505 , @entity1810 , and @entity568 on @entity11017 secretion was assessed by densitometry of western blots. The effect of @entity1068 and @entity3094 on @entity11017 and @entity11018 secretion was also assessed by this method. RESULTS: Zymography revealed that PSCs secrete a number of MMPs including proteinases with molecular weights consistent with @entity11017 , @entity6929 , and @entity12480 . RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of mRNA for metalloproteinase inhibitors @entity6930 and @entity11018 in PSCs while reverse zymography revealed the presence of functional @entity11018 in @entity991 secretions. @entity11017 secretion by PSCs was significantly increased by @entity1810 and @entity568 , but was not affected by @entity1505 . @entity1068 and @entity3094 induced secretion of both @entity11017 and @entity11018 by PSCs. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic stellate cells have the capacity to synthesise a number of matrix metalloproteinases, including @entity11017 , @entity6929 , and @entity12480 and their inhibitors @entity6930 and @entity11018 . @entity11017 secretion by PSCs is significantly increased on exposure to the proinflammatory cytokines @entity1810 and @entity568 . Both @entity1068 and its metabolite @entity3094 increase @entity11017 as well as @entity11018 secretion by PSCs. IMPLICATION: The role of pancreatic stellate cells in extracellular matrix formation and fibrogenesis may be related to their capacity to regulate the degradation as well as the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins.

title: XXXX pancreatic stellate cells secrete matrix metalloproteinases: implications for extracellular matrix turnover.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To calculate and discuss the percentage of imbalance for selected @entity5 predisposition genes in @entity1 referred for routine diagnostic array comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH). DESIGN: Audit of findings from application of array CGH for @entity1 referred for @entity245 , @entity854 and @entity600 in 4805 @entity1 referred to Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust for cytogenetic investigation from South East London, Kent and East Sussex and other genetic centres across the UK. RESULTS: 29 of 4805 (0.6%) @entity1 examined by array CGH had genomic imbalance of <5 Mb involving @entity5 predisposition genes. Six @entity1 were referred for syndromes involving @entity5 predisposition genes; none of the other 23 @entity1 with array CGH findings in @entity5 predisposition genes had any symptoms/family history stated on their referral form suggestive for the respective syndrome. Twelve whole gene deletions, two partial deletions, 12 duplications, two partial duplications, and one mosaic duplication were observed. In 17/29 @entity1 (59%), inheritance could not be established, eight imbalances were de novo, and four inherited. CONCLUSIONS: This new technology raises the possibility of unexpected findings in @entity5 predisposition genes. Therefore, the possibility of such findings has to be addressed in pre-test and post-test counselling by genetically trained healthcare professionals. As many of these findings have not been described previously, their clinical significance is unknown and @entity1 need long-term follow-up to determine their clinical relevance. This will enable genetic healthcare professionals to advise such @entity1 about their @entity5 risks and appropriate @entity5 risk management options.

title: Unexpected findings in XXXX predisposition genes detected by array comparative genomic hybridisation: what are the issues?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural abnormalities']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adults born at a very low birth weight (VLBW) (< 1500 g), compared with those born at term, bear risk factors for @entity65 , including higher blood pressure and insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE: We studied, in young adults born at a VLBW, early signs of an accelerated atherosclerotic process and the relationship of these signs with postnatal growth. METHODS: We compared 92 with a VLBW with 68 who were born at term. At age 18 to 27, we measured stiffness and @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of the right carotid artery and @entity384 ( @entity384 ) of the right brachial artery. RESULTS: Those with a VLBW had 1.1% units higher @entity384 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0-2.2) (P = .06) and 0.5% units higher @entity121 relative to lumen size (95% CI: 0.1-0.9). @entity121 or @entity384 , when analyzed as the absolute change in millimeters, and carotid stiffness in the groups were similar. Among those with a VLBW, each 100-g-greater @entity1017 during the first 2 postnatal weeks predicted 1.1% units higher @entity384 (95% CI: 0.2-2.0) in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Although young adults born at VLBWs, compared with those born at term, have higher levels of risk factors for @entity65 , we found no clear evidence for elevated early markers of @entity731 . However, in relation to artery lumen diameter, @entity121 in the @entity1 who had a VLBW was higher than in those who were born at term. In our study, @entity1017 during the first postnatal weeks had no harmful effect on the arteries in young adulthood.

title: Intima-media thickness and XXXX in the Helsinki study of very low birth weight adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'flow-mediated dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['flow-mediated dilatation']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The magnitude of weight loss-induced high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) changes may depend on genetic factors. We examined the associations of eight candidate genes, identified by genome-wide association studies, with HDL-C at baseline and 10 yr after bariatric surgery in the Swedish Obese Subjects study. METHODS: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (n = 60) in the following gene loci were genotyped: @entity21123 , @entity23353 , @entity28371 , @entity36548 , @entity5705 , @entity25024 , @entity5523 , and @entity5112 / @entity17764 . Cross-sectional associations were tested before (n = 1771) and 2 yr (n = 1583) and 10 yr (n = 1196) after surgery. Changes in HDL-C were tested between baseline and yr 2 (n = 1518) and yr 2 and 10 (n = 1149). A multiple testing corrected threshold of P = 0.00125 was used for statistical significance. RESULTS: In adjusted multivariate models, @entity28371 SNP @entity72664 explained from 3.2-4.2% (P < 10(-14)) of the variation in HDL-C at all three time points, whereas @entity28371 SNP @entity72665 contributed an additional 0.6 and 0.9% at baseline and yr 2, respectively. @entity5705 SNP @entity72666 showed consistent associations across all time points (R(2) = 0.4-1.1%; 3.8   10(-6) < P < 3   10(-3)), whereas @entity5523 SNP @entity72667 contributed approximately 0.5% (5   10(-4) < P < 0.0012) at yr 2 and 10. In aggregate, four SNP in three genes explained 4.2, 6.8, and 5.6% of the HDL-C variance at baseline, yr 2, and yr 10, respectively. None of the SNP was significantly associated with weight loss-related changes in HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS: SNP in the @entity28371 , @entity5705 , and @entity5523 loci contribute significantly to plasma HDL-C levels in @entity28 individuals, and the associations persist even after considerable weight loss due to bariatric surgery. However, they are not associated with surgery-induced changes in HDL-C levels.

title: Association of GWAS-based candidate genes with HDL- @entity165 levels before and after bariatric surgery in the Swedish XXXX subjects study.

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The magnitude of weight loss-induced high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) changes may depend on genetic factors. We examined the associations of eight candidate genes, identified by genome-wide association studies, with HDL-C at baseline and 10 yr after bariatric surgery in the Swedish Obese Subjects study. METHODS: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (n = 60) in the following gene loci were genotyped: @entity21123 , @entity23353 , @entity28371 , @entity36548 , @entity5705 , @entity25024 , @entity5523 , and @entity5112 / @entity17764 . Cross-sectional associations were tested before (n = 1771) and 2 yr (n = 1583) and 10 yr (n = 1196) after surgery. Changes in HDL-C were tested between baseline and yr 2 (n = 1518) and yr 2 and 10 (n = 1149). A multiple testing corrected threshold of P = 0.00125 was used for statistical significance. RESULTS: In adjusted multivariate models, @entity28371 SNP @entity72664 explained from 3.2-4.2% (P < 10(-14)) of the variation in HDL-C at all three time points, whereas @entity28371 SNP @entity72665 contributed an additional 0.6 and 0.9% at baseline and yr 2, respectively. @entity5705 SNP @entity72666 showed consistent associations across all time points (R(2) = 0.4-1.1%; 3.8   10(-6) < P < 3   10(-3)), whereas @entity5523 SNP @entity72667 contributed approximately 0.5% (5   10(-4) < P < 0.0012) at yr 2 and 10. In aggregate, four SNP in three genes explained 4.2, 6.8, and 5.6% of the HDL-C variance at baseline, yr 2, and yr 10, respectively. None of the SNP was significantly associated with weight loss-related changes in HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS: SNP in the @entity28371 , @entity5705 , and @entity5523 loci contribute significantly to plasma HDL-C levels in @entity28 individuals, and the associations persist even after considerable weight loss due to bariatric surgery. However, they are not associated with surgery-induced changes in HDL-C levels.

title: Association of GWAS-based candidate genes with HDL- XXXX levels before and after bariatric surgery in the Swedish @entity28 subjects study.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the cost per responder of ustekinumab with etanercept based on data from the active comparator ACCEPT trial. METHODS: In ACCEPT, @entity1 received ustekinumab 45 mg (n = 209) or 90 mg (n = 347) at weeks 0 and 4 or etanercept 50 mg (n = 347) twice weekly for 12 weeks. The proportions of @entity1 achieving >= 75% improvement in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index [PASI 75] were determined at week 12. The cost per PASI 75 responder was determined for week 16, a time coinciding with treatment coverage of both drugs and accounting for the different dosing intervals. Costs for 16 weeks of therapy were based on the Wholesale Acquisition Cost (WAC) in the United States. The analysis used weight-based efficacy results for ustekinumab (45 mg for @entity1  <= 100 kg; 90 mg for @entity1 > 100 kg) and overall efficacy for etanercept, consistent with the approved dosages. RESULTS: A total of 28% of @entity1 weighed > 100 kg. The PASI 75 response rates at week 12 were 72.2% for the ustekinumab 45 mg group in @entity1  <= 100 kg, 65.0% for the ustekinumab 90 mg group in @entity1 > 100 kg, and 56.8% for the etanercept group. At week 16, the cost per responder was  17,842 for ustekinumab and  20,077 for etanercept. CONCLUSION: The cost per responder was lower for ustekinumab than for etanercept through 16 weeks in @entity1569 @entity1 .

title: Cost per responder analysis of ustekinumab and etanercept for moderate to severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['plaque psoriasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Exercise training partially corrects @entity409 in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Growth factors like @entity7 ( @entity7 ) as well as @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) are known to modulate the bioavailability of @entity842 and, thereby, contribute to the maintenance of a normal vascular tone. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of 4 weeks of exercise training on circulating growth factors and to elucidate their involvement in the training-induced changes in vasomotion in @entity1 with @entity453 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 39 @entity1 were enrolled (training group: n   =   20; control group: n   =   19). At start of study and after 4 weeks, average peak flow velocity (APV) of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) in response to @entity934 was measured invasively in the treatment and control groups. Serum concentrations of @entity7 and @entity1307 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After exercise training, LIMA APV in response to @entity934 was increased by 93% (from 69        17% at start of study to 133        16% at 4 weeks, p   <   0.01 vs. start of study and control). At start of study, there was no association between any of the vascular growth factors and endothelial function. However, after exercise training a close correlation was apparent between the @entity934 -induced change in APV and @entity1307 (r   =   0.69, p   <   0.01) and @entity7 (r   =   0.76, p   <   0.01) serum concentrations. In the control group, these correlations were not evident and there was no change in endothelial function either. CONCLUSION: Exercise training improves agonist-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in @entity453 , partially through a restoration of the endothelial response to @entity1307 and @entity7 .

title: Exercise training restores the endothelial response to vascular growth factors in @entity1 with stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Exercise training partially corrects @entity409 in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Growth factors like @entity7 ( @entity7 ) as well as @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) are known to modulate the bioavailability of @entity842 and, thereby, contribute to the maintenance of a normal vascular tone. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of 4 weeks of exercise training on circulating growth factors and to elucidate their involvement in the training-induced changes in vasomotion in @entity1 with @entity453 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 39 @entity1 were enrolled (training group: n   =   20; control group: n   =   19). At start of study and after 4 weeks, average peak flow velocity (APV) of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) in response to @entity934 was measured invasively in the treatment and control groups. Serum concentrations of @entity7 and @entity1307 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After exercise training, LIMA APV in response to @entity934 was increased by 93% (from 69        17% at start of study to 133        16% at 4 weeks, p   <   0.01 vs. start of study and control). At start of study, there was no association between any of the vascular growth factors and endothelial function. However, after exercise training a close correlation was apparent between the @entity934 -induced change in APV and @entity1307 (r   =   0.69, p   <   0.01) and @entity7 (r   =   0.76, p   <   0.01) serum concentrations. In the control group, these correlations were not evident and there was no change in endothelial function either. CONCLUSION: Exercise training improves agonist-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in @entity453 , partially through a restoration of the endothelial response to @entity1307 and @entity7 .

title: Exercise training restores the endothelial response to vascular growth factors in XXXX with stable @entity453 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity148 , @entity458 and @entity1314 may not be independent risk factors for @entity65 ; however they may contribute via their relationship with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. This study aimed to examine the association between @entity458 , risk behaviours and @entity1 demographic characteristics in a sample of general practice @entity1 aged 40-65 years with at least one risk factor for @entity65 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytic study. METHODS: @entity1 , randomly selected from general practice records, completed a questionnaire about their behavioural risk factors and psychological health as part of a cluster randomized controlled trial of a general practice based intervention to prevent @entity455 . The Kessler Psychological Distress Score ( @entity7434 ) was the main outcome measure for the multilevel, multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Single-level bi-variate analysis demonstrated a significant association between higher @entity7434 and middle age (p   =   0.001), high @entity663 (p   =   0), current smoking (p   =   0), physical inactivity (p   =   0.003) and low fruit and vegetable consumption (p   =   0.008). Socioeconomic (SES) indicators of deprivation (employment and accommodation status) were also significantly associated with higher @entity7434 (p   =   0). No individual behavioural risk factor was associated with @entity7434 on multilevel multivariate analysis; however indicators of low SES remained significant (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: When all factors were considered, @entity458 was not associated with behavioural risk factors for @entity65 . Other underlying factors, such as @entity1314 type and socioeconomic status, may be associated with both the behaviours and the distress.

title: Socio-demographic factors, behaviour and @entity1314 : associations with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['chronic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity148 , @entity458 and @entity1314 may not be independent risk factors for @entity65 ; however they may contribute via their relationship with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. This study aimed to examine the association between @entity458 , risk behaviours and @entity1 demographic characteristics in a sample of general practice @entity1 aged 40-65 years with at least one risk factor for @entity65 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytic study. METHODS: @entity1 , randomly selected from general practice records, completed a questionnaire about their behavioural risk factors and psychological health as part of a cluster randomized controlled trial of a general practice based intervention to prevent @entity455 . The Kessler Psychological Distress Score ( @entity7434 ) was the main outcome measure for the multilevel, multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Single-level bi-variate analysis demonstrated a significant association between higher @entity7434 and middle age (p   =   0.001), high @entity663 (p   =   0), current smoking (p   =   0), physical inactivity (p   =   0.003) and low fruit and vegetable consumption (p   =   0.008). Socioeconomic (SES) indicators of deprivation (employment and accommodation status) were also significantly associated with higher @entity7434 (p   =   0). No individual behavioural risk factor was associated with @entity7434 on multilevel multivariate analysis; however indicators of low SES remained significant (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: When all factors were considered, @entity458 was not associated with behavioural risk factors for @entity65 . Other underlying factors, such as @entity1314 type and socioeconomic status, may be associated with both the behaviours and the distress.

title: Socio-demographic factors, behaviour and XXXX : associations with @entity458 .

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['personality']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity272 distort the body image with possible negative effects on the quality of life and psychosocial health of @entity1 . While @entity1694 does not affect the physical well-being, it may be psychologically distressing. The present study was based on the hypothesis that particular factors might be critical regarding the adjustment to the disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: We investigated the @entity1694 -related quality of life and @entity458 of 216 @entity1 diagnosed with the disease in relation to @entity1605 . For this purpose, we administered the self-completed questionnaires Dermatological Quality of Life Index, General Health Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between @entity1 ' distress and health-related quality of life. Moreover, the impact of @entity1694 on the quality of life was significantly associated with disease variables as well as personality traits and gender. On the other hand, @entity458 was significantly associated with personality traits and gender, but not with disease components. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the psychosocial adjustment to the disease is mainly influenced by subjective factors. This observation could imply the need for targeted support interventions in the treatment of @entity1694 .

title: Investigation of factors associated with health-related quality of life and XXXX in @entity1694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['demographic factors, disease components, and personality traits']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin diseases']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity272 distort the body image with possible negative effects on the quality of life and psychosocial health of @entity1 . While @entity1694 does not affect the physical well-being, it may be psychologically distressing. The present study was based on the hypothesis that particular factors might be critical regarding the adjustment to the disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: We investigated the @entity1694 -related quality of life and @entity458 of 216 @entity1 diagnosed with the disease in relation to @entity1605 . For this purpose, we administered the self-completed questionnaires Dermatological Quality of Life Index, General Health Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between @entity1 ' distress and health-related quality of life. Moreover, the impact of @entity1694 on the quality of life was significantly associated with disease variables as well as personality traits and gender. On the other hand, @entity458 was significantly associated with personality traits and gender, but not with disease components. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the psychosocial adjustment to the disease is mainly influenced by subjective factors. This observation could imply the need for targeted support interventions in the treatment of @entity1694 .

title: Investigation of factors associated with health-related quality of life and @entity458 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['vitiligo']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1397 requires metabolic activation by @entity4433 ( @entity4433 ). Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that inhibit @entity4433 are commonly coadministered with @entity1397 to reduce the risk of @entity360 . This analysis compares treatment outcomes for @entity1 in the French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation @entity583 (FAST-MI) who did or did not receive @entity1397 and/or PPIs. METHODS AND RESULTS: The FAST-MI registry included 3670 @entity1 (2744 @entity1397 - and PPI-na  ve @entity1 ) presenting with definite MI. @entity1 were categorized according to use of @entity1397 and/or PPI within 48 hours after hospital admission. PPI use was not associated with an increased risk for any of the main in-hospital events (in-hospital survival, reinfarction, @entity64 , @entity548 , and transfusion). Likewise, PPI treatment was not an independent predictor of 1-year survival (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.08; P=0.57) or 1-year MI, @entity64 , or @entity204 (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.08; P=0.72). No differences were seen when the type of PPI or @entity4433 genotype was taken into account. In the propensity-matched cohorts, the odds ratios for major in-hospital events in PPI versus no PPI were 0.29 (95% CI, 0.06 to 1.44) and 1.70 (95% CI, 0.10 to 30.3) for @entity1 with 1 and 2 variant alleles, respectively. Similarly, the hazard ratio for 1-year events in hospital survivors was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.26 to 1.79) and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.06 to 5.30), respectively. CONCLUSION: PPI use was not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events or mortality in @entity1 administered @entity1397 for recent MI, whatever the @entity4433 genotype, although harm could not be formally excluded in @entity1 with 2 loss-of-function alleles.

title: Clinical events as a function of proton pump inhibitor use, @entity1397 use, and XXXX genotype in a large nationwide cohort of acute @entity583 : results from the French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation @entity583 (FAST-MI) registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity4433 :: (1557,Gene) :: ['cytochrome P450 2C19']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1397 requires metabolic activation by @entity4433 ( @entity4433 ). Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that inhibit @entity4433 are commonly coadministered with @entity1397 to reduce the risk of @entity360 . This analysis compares treatment outcomes for @entity1 in the French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation @entity583 (FAST-MI) who did or did not receive @entity1397 and/or PPIs. METHODS AND RESULTS: The FAST-MI registry included 3670 @entity1 (2744 @entity1397 - and PPI-na  ve @entity1 ) presenting with definite MI. @entity1 were categorized according to use of @entity1397 and/or PPI within 48 hours after hospital admission. PPI use was not associated with an increased risk for any of the main in-hospital events (in-hospital survival, reinfarction, @entity64 , @entity548 , and transfusion). Likewise, PPI treatment was not an independent predictor of 1-year survival (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.08; P=0.57) or 1-year MI, @entity64 , or @entity204 (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.08; P=0.72). No differences were seen when the type of PPI or @entity4433 genotype was taken into account. In the propensity-matched cohorts, the odds ratios for major in-hospital events in PPI versus no PPI were 0.29 (95% CI, 0.06 to 1.44) and 1.70 (95% CI, 0.10 to 30.3) for @entity1 with 1 and 2 variant alleles, respectively. Similarly, the hazard ratio for 1-year events in hospital survivors was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.26 to 1.79) and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.06 to 5.30), respectively. CONCLUSION: PPI use was not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events or mortality in @entity1 administered @entity1397 for recent MI, whatever the @entity4433 genotype, although harm could not be formally excluded in @entity1 with 2 loss-of-function alleles.

title: Clinical events as a function of proton pump inhibitor use, XXXX use, and @entity4433 genotype in a large nationwide cohort of acute @entity583 : results from the French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation @entity583 (FAST-MI) registry.

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1397 requires metabolic activation by @entity4433 ( @entity4433 ). Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that inhibit @entity4433 are commonly coadministered with @entity1397 to reduce the risk of @entity360 . This analysis compares treatment outcomes for @entity1 in the French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation @entity583 (FAST-MI) who did or did not receive @entity1397 and/or PPIs. METHODS AND RESULTS: The FAST-MI registry included 3670 @entity1 (2744 @entity1397 - and PPI-na  ve @entity1 ) presenting with definite MI. @entity1 were categorized according to use of @entity1397 and/or PPI within 48 hours after hospital admission. PPI use was not associated with an increased risk for any of the main in-hospital events (in-hospital survival, reinfarction, @entity64 , @entity548 , and transfusion). Likewise, PPI treatment was not an independent predictor of 1-year survival (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.08; P=0.57) or 1-year MI, @entity64 , or @entity204 (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.08; P=0.72). No differences were seen when the type of PPI or @entity4433 genotype was taken into account. In the propensity-matched cohorts, the odds ratios for major in-hospital events in PPI versus no PPI were 0.29 (95% CI, 0.06 to 1.44) and 1.70 (95% CI, 0.10 to 30.3) for @entity1 with 1 and 2 variant alleles, respectively. Similarly, the hazard ratio for 1-year events in hospital survivors was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.26 to 1.79) and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.06 to 5.30), respectively. CONCLUSION: PPI use was not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events or mortality in @entity1 administered @entity1397 for recent MI, whatever the @entity4433 genotype, although harm could not be formally excluded in @entity1 with 2 loss-of-function alleles.

title: Clinical events as a function of proton pump inhibitor use, @entity1397 use, and @entity4433 genotype in a large nationwide cohort of acute XXXX : results from the French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation @entity583 (FAST-MI) registry.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1397 requires metabolic activation by @entity4433 ( @entity4433 ). Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that inhibit @entity4433 are commonly coadministered with @entity1397 to reduce the risk of @entity360 . This analysis compares treatment outcomes for @entity1 in the French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation @entity583 (FAST-MI) who did or did not receive @entity1397 and/or PPIs. METHODS AND RESULTS: The FAST-MI registry included 3670 @entity1 (2744 @entity1397 - and PPI-na  ve @entity1 ) presenting with definite MI. @entity1 were categorized according to use of @entity1397 and/or PPI within 48 hours after hospital admission. PPI use was not associated with an increased risk for any of the main in-hospital events (in-hospital survival, reinfarction, @entity64 , @entity548 , and transfusion). Likewise, PPI treatment was not an independent predictor of 1-year survival (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.08; P=0.57) or 1-year MI, @entity64 , or @entity204 (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.08; P=0.72). No differences were seen when the type of PPI or @entity4433 genotype was taken into account. In the propensity-matched cohorts, the odds ratios for major in-hospital events in PPI versus no PPI were 0.29 (95% CI, 0.06 to 1.44) and 1.70 (95% CI, 0.10 to 30.3) for @entity1 with 1 and 2 variant alleles, respectively. Similarly, the hazard ratio for 1-year events in hospital survivors was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.26 to 1.79) and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.06 to 5.30), respectively. CONCLUSION: PPI use was not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events or mortality in @entity1 administered @entity1397 for recent MI, whatever the @entity4433 genotype, although harm could not be formally excluded in @entity1 with 2 loss-of-function alleles.

title: Clinical events as a function of proton pump inhibitor use, @entity1397 use, and @entity4433 genotype in a large nationwide cohort of acute @entity583 : results from the French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation XXXX (FAST-MI) registry.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Animal models of @entity1 diseases are essential as they allow analysis of the disease process at the cellular level and can advance therapeutics by serving as a tool for drug screening and target validation. Here we report the development of a complete genetic model of @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) in the vertebrate @entity3392 to complement existing @entity3392 , @entity19 , and invertebrate models and show its utility for testing compounds that alter @entity23247 splicing. RESULTS: The @entity1 motoneuron disease @entity2057 is caused by low levels, as opposed to a complete absence, of the @entity11280 ( @entity11280 ). To generate a true model of @entity2057 in @entity3392 , we have generated a transgenic @entity3392 expressing the @entity1 @entity23247 gene ( @entity23247 ), which produces only a low amount of full-length @entity11280 , and crossed this onto the @entity11280 -/- background. We show that @entity1 @entity23247 is spliced in @entity3392 as it is in @entity1 and makes low levels of @entity11280 protein. Moreover, we show that an antisense oligonucleotide that enhances correct @entity23247 splicing increases full-length hSMN RNA in this model. When we placed this transgene on the @entity11280 mutant background it rescued the neuromuscular presynaptic @entity19972 defect that occurs in @entity11280 mutants and increased their survival. CONCLUSIONS: We have generated a transgenic fish carrying the @entity1 @entity23247 gene. This gene is spliced in fish as it is in @entity1 and @entity19 suggesting a conserved splicing mechanism in these vertebrates. Moreover, antisense targeting of an intronic splicing silencer site increased the amount of full length @entity11280 generated from this transgene. Having this transgene on the @entity11280 mutant fish rescued the presynaptic defect and increased survival. This model of @entity3392 @entity2057 has all of the components of @entity1 @entity2057 and can thus be used to understand @entity409 in @entity2057 , can be used as an vivo test for drugs or antisense approaches that increase full-length @entity11280 , and can be developed for drug screening.

title: Generation and Characterization of a genetic @entity3392 model of XXXX carrying the @entity1 @entity23247 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['motoneuron dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity11280 :: ('6606', 'Gene') :: ['survival motor neuron protein', 'smn', 'SMN']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['SMA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Animal models of @entity1 diseases are essential as they allow analysis of the disease process at the cellular level and can advance therapeutics by serving as a tool for drug screening and target validation. Here we report the development of a complete genetic model of @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) in the vertebrate @entity3392 to complement existing @entity3392 , @entity19 , and invertebrate models and show its utility for testing compounds that alter @entity23247 splicing. RESULTS: The @entity1 motoneuron disease @entity2057 is caused by low levels, as opposed to a complete absence, of the @entity11280 ( @entity11280 ). To generate a true model of @entity2057 in @entity3392 , we have generated a transgenic @entity3392 expressing the @entity1 @entity23247 gene ( @entity23247 ), which produces only a low amount of full-length @entity11280 , and crossed this onto the @entity11280 -/- background. We show that @entity1 @entity23247 is spliced in @entity3392 as it is in @entity1 and makes low levels of @entity11280 protein. Moreover, we show that an antisense oligonucleotide that enhances correct @entity23247 splicing increases full-length hSMN RNA in this model. When we placed this transgene on the @entity11280 mutant background it rescued the neuromuscular presynaptic @entity19972 defect that occurs in @entity11280 mutants and increased their survival. CONCLUSIONS: We have generated a transgenic fish carrying the @entity1 @entity23247 gene. This gene is spliced in fish as it is in @entity1 and @entity19 suggesting a conserved splicing mechanism in these vertebrates. Moreover, antisense targeting of an intronic splicing silencer site increased the amount of full length @entity11280 generated from this transgene. Having this transgene on the @entity11280 mutant fish rescued the presynaptic defect and increased survival. This model of @entity3392 @entity2057 has all of the components of @entity1 @entity2057 and can thus be used to understand @entity409 in @entity2057 , can be used as an vivo test for drugs or antisense approaches that increase full-length @entity11280 , and can be developed for drug screening.

title: Generation and Characterization of a genetic XXXX model of @entity2057 carrying the @entity1 @entity23247 gene.

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Animal models of @entity1 diseases are essential as they allow analysis of the disease process at the cellular level and can advance therapeutics by serving as a tool for drug screening and target validation. Here we report the development of a complete genetic model of @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) in the vertebrate @entity3392 to complement existing @entity3392 , @entity19 , and invertebrate models and show its utility for testing compounds that alter @entity23247 splicing. RESULTS: The @entity1 motoneuron disease @entity2057 is caused by low levels, as opposed to a complete absence, of the @entity11280 ( @entity11280 ). To generate a true model of @entity2057 in @entity3392 , we have generated a transgenic @entity3392 expressing the @entity1 @entity23247 gene ( @entity23247 ), which produces only a low amount of full-length @entity11280 , and crossed this onto the @entity11280 -/- background. We show that @entity1 @entity23247 is spliced in @entity3392 as it is in @entity1 and makes low levels of @entity11280 protein. Moreover, we show that an antisense oligonucleotide that enhances correct @entity23247 splicing increases full-length hSMN RNA in this model. When we placed this transgene on the @entity11280 mutant background it rescued the neuromuscular presynaptic @entity19972 defect that occurs in @entity11280 mutants and increased their survival. CONCLUSIONS: We have generated a transgenic fish carrying the @entity1 @entity23247 gene. This gene is spliced in fish as it is in @entity1 and @entity19 suggesting a conserved splicing mechanism in these vertebrates. Moreover, antisense targeting of an intronic splicing silencer site increased the amount of full length @entity11280 generated from this transgene. Having this transgene on the @entity11280 mutant fish rescued the presynaptic defect and increased survival. This model of @entity3392 @entity2057 has all of the components of @entity1 @entity2057 and can thus be used to understand @entity409 in @entity2057 , can be used as an vivo test for drugs or antisense approaches that increase full-length @entity11280 , and can be developed for drug screening.

title: Generation and Characterization of a genetic @entity3392 model of @entity2057 carrying the @entity1 XXXX gene.

answer: @entity23247 :: (6607,Gene) :: ['SMN2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Animal models of @entity1 diseases are essential as they allow analysis of the disease process at the cellular level and can advance therapeutics by serving as a tool for drug screening and target validation. Here we report the development of a complete genetic model of @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) in the vertebrate @entity3392 to complement existing @entity3392 , @entity19 , and invertebrate models and show its utility for testing compounds that alter @entity23247 splicing. RESULTS: The @entity1 motoneuron disease @entity2057 is caused by low levels, as opposed to a complete absence, of the @entity11280 ( @entity11280 ). To generate a true model of @entity2057 in @entity3392 , we have generated a transgenic @entity3392 expressing the @entity1 @entity23247 gene ( @entity23247 ), which produces only a low amount of full-length @entity11280 , and crossed this onto the @entity11280 -/- background. We show that @entity1 @entity23247 is spliced in @entity3392 as it is in @entity1 and makes low levels of @entity11280 protein. Moreover, we show that an antisense oligonucleotide that enhances correct @entity23247 splicing increases full-length hSMN RNA in this model. When we placed this transgene on the @entity11280 mutant background it rescued the neuromuscular presynaptic @entity19972 defect that occurs in @entity11280 mutants and increased their survival. CONCLUSIONS: We have generated a transgenic fish carrying the @entity1 @entity23247 gene. This gene is spliced in fish as it is in @entity1 and @entity19 suggesting a conserved splicing mechanism in these vertebrates. Moreover, antisense targeting of an intronic splicing silencer site increased the amount of full length @entity11280 generated from this transgene. Having this transgene on the @entity11280 mutant fish rescued the presynaptic defect and increased survival. This model of @entity3392 @entity2057 has all of the components of @entity1 @entity2057 and can thus be used to understand @entity409 in @entity2057 , can be used as an vivo test for drugs or antisense approaches that increase full-length @entity11280 , and can be developed for drug screening.

title: Generation and Characterization of a genetic @entity3392 model of @entity2057 carrying the XXXX @entity23247 gene.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In 8 @entity1 with @entity1569 , the cutaneous blood flow (CBF) was measured simultaneously in both involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin before (i.e., on the first day of hospitalization) and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th days of treatment with tar. The 133Xe washout method was used after epicutaneous labeling and compared to the laser Doppler velocimetry ( @entity20047 ) technique. Control experiments were performed in 10 normal individuals. Before treatment the mean CBF in involved psoriatic skin was 62.6 +/- 18.7 SD ml X (100 g X min)-1, which is significantly higher than CBF of uninvolved skin in psoriatic @entity1 , 9.5 +/- 4.0 SD ml X (100 g X min)-1, (p less than 0.01) and is 13.6 times higher than CBF in the normal individuals (p less than 0.01). Fifty hours following onset of treatment (i.e., after only 2 applications of tar), mean CBF of the involved psoriatic skin had decreased significantly to 35.0 +/- 13.9 SD ml X (100 g X min)-1, (p less than 0.01), which was not statistically different from the CBF on the 7th day. During the following weeks, the CBF in involved psoriatic skin decreased at a more moderate rate than that observed during the first week and was 15.0 +/- 6.1 SD ml X (100 g X min)-1 on the 28th day. This value is not significantly different from the CBF of uninvolved skin in these @entity1 . At the end of treatment, the CBF of the uninvolved skin had decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) in all the @entity1 to values similar to those observed in the skin of normal individuals. A parallel decline was observed in a clinical psoriatic score index; however, it is not known whether the observed decrease in CBF was preceded or succeeded by the clinical improvement. A comparison of the 133Xe measurements and @entity20047 measurements in the normal individuals by linear regression analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of -0.24 (N = 20, p greater than 0.05). In the skin of psoriatic @entity1 the correlation coefficient was 0.01, (N = 47, p greater than 0.05) for unaffected skin, and 0.61 (N = 47, p less than 0.001) in the involved psoriatic skin sites. The @entity20047 measurements did not reflect changes in the uninvolved skin in psoriatic @entity1 during treatment and resulted in a remarkably high C.V. in the bilateral measurements of skin in normal individuals (43.8%) compared to the C.V. of 133Xe flow measurements (14.8%). It is concluded that while the @entity20047 method gives a rough estimate of blood flow in cutaneous tissue with a high capillary perfusion rate, inaccurate measurements are made in skin areas with normal to twice the normal CBF range.

title: The effects of antipsoriatic treatment on cutaneous blood flow in XXXX measured by 133Xe washout method and laser Doppler velocimetry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis vulgaris']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: @entity2971 respond favorably to chemotherapy either at diagnosis or when they recur. Histologically similar @entity5 may arise in the CNS usually in the pineal or suprasellar regions. Although radiation therapy may produce a 5 year disease-free survival in excess of 60% in localized pure @entity3438 , @entity2971 of other histology tend to recur. We have conducted 14 chemotherapy trials in 8 @entity1 with recurrent @entity2971 using 3 different single agent and 2 multi-agent chemotherapy regimens. The histologic diagnoses of the @entity1 were @entity3438 (4), @entity2970 (2), @entity189 (1), and @entity5 (1). There were 7 males and 1 female with a median age of 13 years. The primary @entity5 arose in the pineal region in 6 and was multicentric in 2. Seven @entity1 had local recurrences and one developed an initial recurrence in the spinal canal. Three @entity1 had CNS @entity3 at relapse and 2 had systemic @entity3 . Objective responses were documented in 7 of 14 trials (50%). Responses were observed with @entity786 (80 mg/kg) in 3 of 4 @entity1 for 2+, 3, and 5 mos, @entity900 (120 mg/m2) in 1 of 2 @entity1 for 2+ mos, and the VAB 6 protocol ( @entity5713 , @entity1732 , @entity786 , @entity4316 -d, @entity900 ) in 3 of 5 @entity1 for 5, 8, and 18 mos. The median duration of response was 5 mos. (2+-18). High doses of single chemotherapy agents such as @entity786 and @entity900 as well as VAB 6 regimen have definite activity in recurrent @entity2971 , especially @entity3438 . Good palliation may be achieved with chemotherapy alone with acceptable morbidity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chemotherapy trials in recurrent primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['Gonadal germ cell tumors', 'CNS germ cell tumors', 'germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mixed tumor - germinoma plus choriocarcinoma', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['endodermal sinus tumor']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['germinoma']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['intracranial germ cell tumors']


abstract: @entity438 were encountered in nine @entity1 , ranging in age from 39 to 76 years, at the University of Michigan Medical Center between 1961 and 1983. @entity245 and @entity731 were etiologic factors in six cases. Four @entity1 were without symptoms, whereas five experienced @entity490 , including one with a @entity1756 . Eight @entity1 were subjected to surgical treatment; no @entity204 occurred and symptoms were resolved in all @entity1 . A literature review of 108 celiac @entity438 revealed two distinct subgroups. Among 60 celiac @entity438 encountered before 1950, representing the historic @entity7971 , 40% were infectious (usually luetic), 7% were traumatic, and 52% were of undetermined cause. Most were symptomatic, 87% ruptured, and 95% were diagnosed at postmortem examination. The contemporary @entity7971 since 1950 consisted of 48 cases, including nine in the Michigan experience. Congenital or developmental medial defects of the arterial wall and @entity731 were the most common causes of @entity439 . Most @entity439 in the contemporary period were either asymptomatic or accompanied by vague abdominal discomfort. @entity397 affected 13% of those @entity439 . Operative therapy was successfully undertaken in 91% of 43 @entity1 during the contemporary @entity7971 , including eight in the present series.

title: XXXX : historic (1745-1949) versus contemporary (1950-1984) differences in etiology and clinical importance.

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental defects']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'Celiac artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Celiac artery aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence of age-related degeneration ( @entity13785 ) in a rural Chinese population and to assess its associations with age, gender, and smoking. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 30+ years, recruited between October 2006 and October 2007, from Yongnian County, Handan, Hebei Province, China. METHODS: All @entity1 underwent a standardized interview and comprehensive eye examinations, including digital retinal photography of both eyes. Trained graders assessed the presence and severity of @entity75 following the modified @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) used in the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES). Direct age standardization to the world population (year 2000) was performed to compare the prevalence across different populations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity13785 and @entity1020 . RESULTS: Of 6830 participates, fundus photographs were gradable for 6581 @entity1 (96.4%), including 4049 aged 50+ years. Early and late @entity13785 prevalence rates were 3.0% and 0.1%, respectively, among @entity1 . The age-standardized prevalence rates among @entity1 aged 50+ years were 4.7% and 0.2%, respectively. After controlling for age, @entity1 had a higher prevalence of early (3.9% vs. 2.3%, odds ratio [OR] 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-2.2) and late @entity13785 (0.1% vs. 0.03%; OR 3.5; CI, 0.4-33.4) compared with @entity1 . Older age (sex-adjusted OR 1.7; CI, 1.3-2.2 per decade of age) and current smoking (age-sex-adjusted OR 1.4; CI, 1.0-2.1) were significantly associated with early @entity13785 prevalence. The proportion of current smokers was substantially higher in @entity1 (58.7%) than in @entity1 (0.3%). The attributable risk of early @entity13785 from smoking among Chinese @entity1 was 24.2%. After controlling for current smoking, the excess prevalence of early @entity13785 in @entity1 compared with @entity1 reduced by 50% (OR 1.4; 95% CI, 0.9-2.0). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of early @entity13785 in this rural Chinese sample was similar to white @entity1 in the BMES and Asian Malays in the Singapore Malay Eye Study. Late @entity13785 prevalence, however, was lower. Higher prevalence rates for early and late @entity13785 in @entity1 compared with @entity1 were largely attributed to substantially higher proportions of smokers in rural Chinese @entity1 than in @entity1 .

title: Prevalence of age-related XXXX in a rural Chinese population: the Handan Eye Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['WARMGS', 'Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy Grading System']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['AMD lesions']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate whether coronary @entity460 scoring (CCS) is also feasible using low-radiation-dose coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in combination with iterative reconstruction. METHODS: Forty-three individuals without known @entity453 underwent both noncontrast CCS (  1 @entity2073 ) for reference Agatston scores and low-dose CCTA (  3 @entity2073 ). Raw CCTA data were reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), and model-based iterative reconstruction (MIR). Calcification volumes were derived with thresholds of >351 and >600 Hounsfield units (HU) and converted to proxy Agatston scores with linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficients for Agatston scores versus CCTA volumes with FBP and iterative reconstruction were excellent (ranges 0.94-0.99 and 0.96-0.99 for >351 HU and >600 HU thresholds, respectively). The >351 HU threshold resulted in higher CCTA volume scores ranging from 65.9 (15.1-347.0) for HIR to 94.8 (42.0-423.0) for MIR (P = 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). The >600 HU threshold scores ranged from 14.1 (0.0-159.3) for HIR to 28.6 (0.0-215.6) for MIR (P = 0.003 and 0.027, respectively). At >351 HU, reclassification occurred in 21 individuals (49%) for FBP and HIR and 25 individuals (58%) for MIR. Reclassifications decreased with >600 HU to 10 (HIR, 23%), 8 (FBP, 19%), and 4 (MIR, 9%). CONCLUSIONS: The CCS is feasible using iteratively reconstructed low-dose CCTA with a @entity460 threshold of >600 HU. Using MIR, only 9% of individuals were reclassified.

title: Assessment of Coronary Artery XXXX on Low-Dose Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography With Iterative Reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']