abstract: An experimental model of @entity121 was designed using parental antigens (muscle mitochondrial fraction) in F1 hybrid @entity35 (male @entity35 x female Sprague-Dawley). The immune response was modulated by spleen fragment transplant from either @entity35 (W) or F1. Antibody fixation and inflammatory reaction were studied in Extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles. Immunization without spleen transplant resulted in antibody fixation mainly in capillaries and incompletely around muscle fibers; whorled fibers were found in 1/3 of F1 @entity35 immunized with antigen from @entity35 . Spleen transplants from Sprague Dawley (SD) @entity35 were usually accepted by F1; in some animals, antibodies surrounded completely muscle fibers and the percentage of animals showing @entity121 was increased. Spleen transplants from non immunized F1 were usually rejected by immunized F1; antibody reaction was found inside fibers of most of the @entity35 , @entity121 was present in 40% of the animals immunized with W, but absent in those immunized with SD antigen. In conclusion, this model can be used to study immunological responses to alloantigens (parental to F1). Spleen fragment transplant modulates the immune response. There was discrepancy between antibody fixation and @entity121 . The immunological response was different according to muscle fiber type composition and/or microcirculatory characteristics.

title: XXXX and autoantibody fixation in an experimental model of @entity121 .

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune myopathy', 'soleus muscle lesions', 'muscle damage']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['Muscle damage']


abstract: An experimental model of @entity121 was designed using parental antigens (muscle mitochondrial fraction) in F1 hybrid @entity35 (male @entity35 x female Sprague-Dawley). The immune response was modulated by spleen fragment transplant from either @entity35 (W) or F1. Antibody fixation and inflammatory reaction were studied in Extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles. Immunization without spleen transplant resulted in antibody fixation mainly in capillaries and incompletely around muscle fibers; whorled fibers were found in 1/3 of F1 @entity35 immunized with antigen from @entity35 . Spleen transplants from Sprague Dawley (SD) @entity35 were usually accepted by F1; in some animals, antibodies surrounded completely muscle fibers and the percentage of animals showing @entity121 was increased. Spleen transplants from non immunized F1 were usually rejected by immunized F1; antibody reaction was found inside fibers of most of the @entity35 , @entity121 was present in 40% of the animals immunized with W, but absent in those immunized with SD antigen. In conclusion, this model can be used to study immunological responses to alloantigens (parental to F1). Spleen fragment transplant modulates the immune response. There was discrepancy between antibody fixation and @entity121 . The immunological response was different according to muscle fiber type composition and/or microcirculatory characteristics.

title: @entity121 and autoantibody fixation in an experimental model of XXXX .

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['autoimmune myopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Altered glycosylation of glycoconjugates is among the important molecular changes that accompany malignant transformation. The aim of our study was to investigate clinical usefulness of circulatory levels of @entity3167 , sialoproteins and sialyltransferase for early diagnosis and management of @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples collected from 210 untreated @entity1697 @entity1 , 100 @entity1 with @entity1613 ( @entity1613 ) and 100 healthy males. @entity1697 @entity1 were followed after initiation of anticancer treatment and 394 follow-up samples were also collected. Serum @entity3167 levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Sialyltransferase activity was analysed using radioassay. Alpha 2-6 sialoproteins were isolated using lectin affinity chromatography. RESULTS: Serum levels of free, protein bound and total @entity3167 as well as their ratio with total proteins were significantly elevated in untreated @entity1697 @entity1 compared with healthy individuals, @entity1 with @entity1613 as well as complete responders (CR). Levels of the markers were comparable between untreated @entity1697 @entity1 and non-responders. We observed positive correlation between serum levels of the markers and extent of @entity5 . Serum sialyltransferase activity showed significant elevations in @entity1697 @entity1 compared with the controls (P<0.001), @entity1 with @entity1613 (P<0.05) and CR (P<0.05). Higher @entity3167 levels in @entity1697 @entity1 at the time of diagnosis showed poor survival. The changes in serum proteins with terminal alpha 2-6 @entity3167 correlated well with the alterations in the levels of @entity3167 forms and sialyltransferase activity. CONCLUSION: Our results confirmed the elevations in @entity3167 and sialyltransferase levels in @entity1697 @entity1 and suggested potential utility of these parameters in prognostication and treatment monitoring of this @entity5 . The alterations in these parameters in circulation were in accordance with the changes in alpha 2-6 sialylated proteins.

title: Evaluation of serum @entity3167 , sialyltransferase and sialoproteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['OC', 'oral cavity cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['OPC', 'oral precancerous conditions']

answer: @entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['oral cavity cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Altered glycosylation of glycoconjugates is among the important molecular changes that accompany malignant transformation. The aim of our study was to investigate clinical usefulness of circulatory levels of @entity3167 , sialoproteins and sialyltransferase for early diagnosis and management of @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples collected from 210 untreated @entity1697 @entity1 , 100 @entity1 with @entity1613 ( @entity1613 ) and 100 healthy males. @entity1697 @entity1 were followed after initiation of anticancer treatment and 394 follow-up samples were also collected. Serum @entity3167 levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Sialyltransferase activity was analysed using radioassay. Alpha 2-6 sialoproteins were isolated using lectin affinity chromatography. RESULTS: Serum levels of free, protein bound and total @entity3167 as well as their ratio with total proteins were significantly elevated in untreated @entity1697 @entity1 compared with healthy individuals, @entity1 with @entity1613 as well as complete responders (CR). Levels of the markers were comparable between untreated @entity1697 @entity1 and non-responders. We observed positive correlation between serum levels of the markers and extent of @entity5 . Serum sialyltransferase activity showed significant elevations in @entity1697 @entity1 compared with the controls (P<0.001), @entity1 with @entity1613 (P<0.05) and CR (P<0.05). Higher @entity3167 levels in @entity1697 @entity1 at the time of diagnosis showed poor survival. The changes in serum proteins with terminal alpha 2-6 @entity3167 correlated well with the alterations in the levels of @entity3167 forms and sialyltransferase activity. CONCLUSION: Our results confirmed the elevations in @entity3167 and sialyltransferase levels in @entity1697 @entity1 and suggested potential utility of these parameters in prognostication and treatment monitoring of this @entity5 . The alterations in these parameters in circulation were in accordance with the changes in alpha 2-6 sialylated proteins.

title: Evaluation of serum XXXX , sialyltransferase and sialoproteins in @entity1697 .

answer: @entity3167 :: (MESH:D019158,Chemical) :: ['sialic acid']


abstract: The immune response to @entity1327 following @entity358 of C57BL/6 @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 results in the development of @entity281 with characteristics of @entity20585 ( @entity20585 ). To further clarify the role of Th1/Th2 polarizing cytokines in this model, we performed kinetic analysis of cytokine responses and compared cytokine profiles, pathologies, and macrophage (Mac) polarization status in @entity1327 -infected @entity164 , interleukin-4-deficient ( @entity58 (-/-)), and gamma interferon-deficient (IFN-y(-/-)) C57BL/6 @entity19 . Results show that cytokine expression in the infected @entity164 @entity19 is not permanently Th2 biased but changes dynamically over time. Using multiple Mac activation markers, we further demonstrate that @entity58 and IFN-y regulate the polarization state of Macs in this model. A higher @entity58 /IFN-y ratio leads to the development of alternatively activated Macs (aaMacs), whereas a higher IFN-y/ @entity58 ratio leads to the generation of classically activated Macs (caMacs). @entity164 @entity19 that coexpress @entity58 and IFN-y during @entity364 concurrently display both types of Mac polarization markers. Concurrent stimulation of Macs with IFN-y and @entity58 results in an upregulation of both sets of markers within the same cells, i.e., formation of an intermediate aaMac/caMac phenotype. These cells express both inducible @entity842 synthase (important for clearance) and arginase (associated with chronic/progressive @entity281 ). Together, our data demonstrate that the interplay between Th1 and Th2 cytokines supports @entity281 , @entity32 , and the development of @entity20585 pathology in @entity1327 -infected lungs. This cytokine interplay modulates Mac differentiation, including generation of an intermediate caMac/aaMac phenotype, which in turn may support chronic "steady-state" @entity364 and the resultant @entity20585 pathology.

title: Effect of cytokine interplay on macrophage polarization during chronic XXXX with @entity1327 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans', 'C. neoformans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['persistent infection', 'infection', 'chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity20585 :: ('MESH:D055744', 'Disease') :: ['allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis', 'ABPM']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary infection']


abstract: The immune response to @entity1327 following @entity358 of C57BL/6 @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 results in the development of @entity281 with characteristics of @entity20585 ( @entity20585 ). To further clarify the role of Th1/Th2 polarizing cytokines in this model, we performed kinetic analysis of cytokine responses and compared cytokine profiles, pathologies, and macrophage (Mac) polarization status in @entity1327 -infected @entity164 , interleukin-4-deficient ( @entity58 (-/-)), and gamma interferon-deficient (IFN-y(-/-)) C57BL/6 @entity19 . Results show that cytokine expression in the infected @entity164 @entity19 is not permanently Th2 biased but changes dynamically over time. Using multiple Mac activation markers, we further demonstrate that @entity58 and IFN-y regulate the polarization state of Macs in this model. A higher @entity58 /IFN-y ratio leads to the development of alternatively activated Macs (aaMacs), whereas a higher IFN-y/ @entity58 ratio leads to the generation of classically activated Macs (caMacs). @entity164 @entity19 that coexpress @entity58 and IFN-y during @entity364 concurrently display both types of Mac polarization markers. Concurrent stimulation of Macs with IFN-y and @entity58 results in an upregulation of both sets of markers within the same cells, i.e., formation of an intermediate aaMac/caMac phenotype. These cells express both inducible @entity842 synthase (important for clearance) and arginase (associated with chronic/progressive @entity281 ). Together, our data demonstrate that the interplay between Th1 and Th2 cytokines supports @entity281 , @entity32 , and the development of @entity20585 pathology in @entity1327 -infected lungs. This cytokine interplay modulates Mac differentiation, including generation of an intermediate caMac/aaMac phenotype, which in turn may support chronic "steady-state" @entity364 and the resultant @entity20585 pathology.

title: Effect of cytokine interplay on macrophage polarization during chronic @entity358 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1327 :: (5207,Species) :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']


abstract: Chromatin remodeling during sperm maturation could erase epigenetic landmarks on the paternal genome, creating a challenge for its reestablishment on fertilization. Here, we show that selective retention of a chromosomal protein in mature sperm protects the identity of paternal telomeres in @entity238 . The @entity44540 ( @entity44540 ) gene is a duplication of hiphop that encodes a telomeric protein. Although HipHop protects telomeres in somatic cells, @entity44540 is produced exclusively in males and localizes to telomeres in postmitotic cells, including mature sperm. In embryos fathered by @entity44540 mutants, the maternal supplies fail to reestablish a protective cap on paternal telomeres, leading to their fusions. These fusions hinder the segregation of the paternal genome and result in haploid embryos with maternal chromosomes. The functional divergence between hiphop and @entity44540 manifests not only in their expression patterns but also in the protein functions that they encode. By swapping the two coding regions, we show that @entity44540 can replace HipHop for somatic protection; however, HipHop cannot replace @entity44540 in the germ line to specify telomere identity, because HipHop ectopically expressed in the testis is removed from chromatin during sperm maturation. HipHop lacks a short motif in @entity44540 that is essential for @entity44540 to survive the remodeling process. We show that the combined functions of HipHop and @entity44540 are likely fulfilled by the single ancestral hiphop locus in other @entity238 species, supporting the hypothesis that the evolutionary process of subfunctionalization was responsible for the preservation of the hiphop- @entity44540 duplicate.

title: Paternal imprint essential for the inheritance of telomere identity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: We report a family with @entity3742 with a homozygous mutation within the @entity31088 gene. The proband was a 24-year-old Japanese male who has suffered from life-long @entity548 tendency. The @entity1 's sister also had severe @entity548 episodes. The proband and the affected sister had no apparent complications including @entity154 , or mental disturbance. They had @entity882 [(35-40) x 10(9)/l] with giant platelets. In addition to platelet size, electron microscopic analysis revealed abnormalities in the internal structures of platelets. @entity8325 -induced @entity1423 was defective. Flow cytometric analysis and western blot analysis showed that glycoprotein IX was nearly absent in platelets, whereas GPIb(alpha) and @entity22324 were detectable. Genetic studies revealed a 13 base pair deletion in the signal peptide-coding sequence of @entity31088 . The deletion would cause a frame-shift, resulting in the appearance of a stop codon following an indifferent polypeptide sequence. Analysis of platelet RNA showed that the mutant @entity31088 gene was transcribed. The propositus and his affected sister were homozygous for the deletion, whereas their unaffected father and mother were heterozygotes. The molecular defects of this family would help understand the relevance of @entity31088 for complex formation of the glycoprotein Ib/IX/V receptor.

title: XXXX with a homozygous 13 base pair deletion in the signal peptide-coding region of the platelet glycoprotein Ib(beta) gene.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['organic or skeletal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity3742 :: ('MESH:D001606', 'Disease') :: ['Bernard-Soulier syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity8325 :: ('MESH:D012310', 'Chemical') :: ['Ristocetin']

answer: @entity3742 :: (MESH:D001606,Disease) :: ['Bernard-soulier syndrome']


abstract: The January Case of the Month (COM). A 56 year-old female presented with a 5-month history of @entity1296 , focal motor @entity410 and progressive immobility. CT scan showed a large frontal @entity5 with a @entity1653 -like pattern. The @entity1 underwent @entity5 . Biopsy showed lymphoid infiltrates consisting predominantly of centrocyte-like cells admixed with plasma cells and lymphoid follicles. Immunohistochemistry revealed @entity2225 -positive cells and light chain restriction with reactive T cells. These appearances are characteristic of the @entity1074 . There was no evidence of @entity706 . The @entity1 is symptom-free 18 months after complete resection. @entity1074 is rare but recognized subtype of primary @entity706 . @entity1074 of dura tends to be relatively indolent, with excellent prognosis. It is suggested that meningeal @entity1074 may follow on from a pre-existing inflammatory process.

title: January 2003: 56-year-old female with right frontal XXXX of the dura.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lymphoma', 'meningeal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'right frontal craniotomy and complete resection of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT-type lymphomas', 'MALT lymphoma', 'MALT-type lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mild @entity73 ( @entity2730 ) is associated with an increased risk of developing @entity303 . Recently published results of the Current Concepts in @entity2730 Conference suggested subclassifications for @entity2730 ( @entity2730 , @entity2730 -multiple domains slightly impaired, @entity2730 -single nonmemory domain) based on the recognized heterogeneity in the use of the term. These subclassifications have not been empirically validated to date. METHOD: A community sample of 1045 @entity303 -free individuals aged 75 years and over was examined by neuropsychological testing in a three-wave longitudinal study. The prevalences and the predictive validities for the subclassifications of @entity2730 and their modifications (original criteria except for the report of subjective @entity73 ) were determined. RESULTS: The prevalence was 1 to 15% depending on the subset employed. Subjects with a diagnosis of @entity2730 progressed to @entity303 at a rate of 10 to 55% over 2.6 years, depending on the subset employed. @entity2730 achieved the highest positive predictive power (PPP). ROC curves of the subclassifications for @entity2730 indicate that all but one subset for @entity2730 failed to predict @entity303 ( @entity2730 -multiple domains slightly impaired-modified: AUC=0.585, P<0.01, 95% CI, 0.517-0.653). The use of modified criteria for @entity2730 (original criteria except for the report of subjective @entity73 ) is associated with a higher diagnostic sensitivity but also with a reduction in diagnostic specificity and PPP. CONCLUSIONS: Modified criteria should be applied if a concept for @entity2730 with a high sensitivity is required and the original criteria (including subjective @entity73 ) if a concept with high specificity and high PPP is required.

title: Subclassifications for mild XXXX : prevalence and predictive validity.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive complaint', 'decline in cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'MCI-amnestic']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: AIMS: @entity5363 is an anti-inflammatory negative acute-phase glycoprotein, synthesized by the liver. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of admission @entity5363 levels on coronary and myocardial blood flow and short- and long-term prognosis in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred eighty consecutive @entity1 admitted with diagnosis of @entity583 and 55 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteer controls were enrolled in the study. @entity1 with @entity583 were divided into 2 groups in respect to thrombolysis in @entity583 myocardial perfusion grade after primary PCI: with thrombolysis in @entity583 myocardial perfusion grade 0-1-2 and thrombolysis in @entity583 myocardial perfusion grade 3. Serum levels of @entity5363 were lower in @entity1 with @entity583 than in the healthy group subjects. In-hospital and 1-year deaths were significantly higher in @entity1 from the abnormal perfusion group. In-hospital major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and 1-year follow-up MACE also were significantly higher in @entity1 from the abnormal perfusion group. The receiver-operating characteristic analysis indicated an optimal cut point of less than 200  g/mL, which detects 1-year mortality with a negative predictive value of 95%. The 1-year mortality rate and 1-year MACE were significantly higher in @entity1 with low @entity5363 level as compared with those with high @entity5363 level. CONCLUSIONS: Because low-admission @entity5363 levels are associated with impaired coronary flow in @entity583 @entity1 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, admission @entity5363 level detection may be helpful in identifying the @entity1 at a greater risk of poor coronary blood flow and worse short- and long-term prognosis.

title: Lower XXXX predicts angiographic impaired reperfusion and mortality in ST-elevation @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Gene) :: ['fetuin-A']


abstract: AIMS: @entity5363 is an anti-inflammatory negative acute-phase glycoprotein, synthesized by the liver. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of admission @entity5363 levels on coronary and myocardial blood flow and short- and long-term prognosis in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred eighty consecutive @entity1 admitted with diagnosis of @entity583 and 55 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteer controls were enrolled in the study. @entity1 with @entity583 were divided into 2 groups in respect to thrombolysis in @entity583 myocardial perfusion grade after primary PCI: with thrombolysis in @entity583 myocardial perfusion grade 0-1-2 and thrombolysis in @entity583 myocardial perfusion grade 3. Serum levels of @entity5363 were lower in @entity1 with @entity583 than in the healthy group subjects. In-hospital and 1-year deaths were significantly higher in @entity1 from the abnormal perfusion group. In-hospital major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and 1-year follow-up MACE also were significantly higher in @entity1 from the abnormal perfusion group. The receiver-operating characteristic analysis indicated an optimal cut point of less than 200  g/mL, which detects 1-year mortality with a negative predictive value of 95%. The 1-year mortality rate and 1-year MACE were significantly higher in @entity1 with low @entity5363 level as compared with those with high @entity5363 level. CONCLUSIONS: Because low-admission @entity5363 levels are associated with impaired coronary flow in @entity583 @entity1 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, admission @entity5363 level detection may be helpful in identifying the @entity1 at a greater risk of poor coronary blood flow and worse short- and long-term prognosis.

title: Lower @entity5363 predicts angiographic impaired reperfusion and mortality in ST-elevation XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity9098 has been recognized since the first successful gastric operations and has persisted for more than a century. Diagnosis has been difficult and non-operative therapy largely ineffective. Early attempts at surgical correction resulted in stomal ulceration and it was not until the advent of flexible endoscopy and other techniques that diagnosis became more secure. Operative attempts at correction have included the Roux-en-Y procedure, the @entity10780 . None of the procedures has been uniformly successful, and the Roux-en-Y has resulted in a @entity717 in most @entity1 . The diagnosis of @entity9098 without previous gastric surgery has been even more elusive and seems to be associated with previous cholecystectomy. Thirty-one @entity1 diagnosed with primary @entity9098 , having typical symptoms of @entity158 , @entity1209 have been treated by diverting bile flow through a Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy without accompanying gastric resection or vagotomy. There were no operative @entity204 and no long-term problems, such as anastomotic stricture. Two @entity1 had self-limited bile leaks. Twenty-seven of the 31 @entity1 (87%) have achieved complete relief of symptoms and have no @entity344 . Serial gastric emptying has demonstrated no alteration in 9 of 12 @entity1 who were normal before operation, and improvement in 12 of the 19 (63%) @entity1 with abnormal preoperative studies.

title: Primary XXXX gastritis: diagnosis and surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity9098 :: ('MESH:D001655', 'Disease') :: ['bile reflux', 'Bile reflux gastritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['disabling stasis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10780 :: ('MESH:D007579', 'Disease') :: ['Braun enteroenterostomy, and Henley jejunal interposition']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea, and bilious vomiting']

answer: @entity9098 :: (MESH:D001655,Disease) :: ['bile reflux']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in young Jordanians and to compare the clinical and pathological characteristics with those in older @entity1 and with those in high risk populations. METHODS: Clinical and pathological data of all the @entity1 with @entity14 managed at Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan over a 10 year period (January 1990 through December 1999) were recorded. The @entity1 were divided according to age into group one (those <40 years) and group 2 (> 40 years). The 2 groups were compared regarding sex, predisposing conditions, @entity5 stage at presentation, @entity5 differentiation, @entity3558 secretion, @entity5 invasion, presentation with complications and @entity5 location. The data were compared with those of "high risk" Western populations and with the few reports coming from "low risk" populations, mainly from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Egypt. RESULTS: Out of 202 @entity1 evaluated, 4 were excluded. Group 1 constituted 20.2% of the @entity1 , 17.5% of them have predisposing conditions. Comparison between group 1 and 2 revealed the following: female sex (65% versus 50.6%, p=0.104), advanced stages at presentation (65% versus 41%, p=0.005), @entity5 (50% versus 39.2%) and right side @entity5 (15% versus 29.1%) (p=0.18). Mucinous and signet ring @entity5 (30% versus 15.8%, p=0.04), poor @entity5 differentiation (20% versus 18.3%, p=0.78) and presentation with complications (21% versus 22.2%, p=0.96). CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity14 in young Jordanians was much higher than high risk populations. Half of the @entity5 were rectal. Young @entity1 have more advanced stage and more @entity3558 secreting @entity5 . The relative high frequency and frequency of predisposing conditions calls for family screening and surveillance in the presence of predisposing conditions.

title: XXXX in young @entity1 under 40 years of age. Comparison with old @entity1 in a well defined Jordanian population.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in young Jordanians and to compare the clinical and pathological characteristics with those in older @entity1 and with those in high risk populations. METHODS: Clinical and pathological data of all the @entity1 with @entity14 managed at Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan over a 10 year period (January 1990 through December 1999) were recorded. The @entity1 were divided according to age into group one (those <40 years) and group 2 (> 40 years). The 2 groups were compared regarding sex, predisposing conditions, @entity5 stage at presentation, @entity5 differentiation, @entity3558 secretion, @entity5 invasion, presentation with complications and @entity5 location. The data were compared with those of "high risk" Western populations and with the few reports coming from "low risk" populations, mainly from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Egypt. RESULTS: Out of 202 @entity1 evaluated, 4 were excluded. Group 1 constituted 20.2% of the @entity1 , 17.5% of them have predisposing conditions. Comparison between group 1 and 2 revealed the following: female sex (65% versus 50.6%, p=0.104), advanced stages at presentation (65% versus 41%, p=0.005), @entity5 (50% versus 39.2%) and right side @entity5 (15% versus 29.1%) (p=0.18). Mucinous and signet ring @entity5 (30% versus 15.8%, p=0.04), poor @entity5 differentiation (20% versus 18.3%, p=0.78) and presentation with complications (21% versus 22.2%, p=0.96). CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity14 in young Jordanians was much higher than high risk populations. Half of the @entity5 were rectal. Young @entity1 have more advanced stage and more @entity3558 secreting @entity5 . The relative high frequency and frequency of predisposing conditions calls for family screening and surveillance in the presence of predisposing conditions.

title: @entity14 in young XXXX under 40 years of age. Comparison with old @entity1 in a well defined Jordanian population.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in young Jordanians and to compare the clinical and pathological characteristics with those in older @entity1 and with those in high risk populations. METHODS: Clinical and pathological data of all the @entity1 with @entity14 managed at Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan over a 10 year period (January 1990 through December 1999) were recorded. The @entity1 were divided according to age into group one (those <40 years) and group 2 (> 40 years). The 2 groups were compared regarding sex, predisposing conditions, @entity5 stage at presentation, @entity5 differentiation, @entity3558 secretion, @entity5 invasion, presentation with complications and @entity5 location. The data were compared with those of "high risk" Western populations and with the few reports coming from "low risk" populations, mainly from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Egypt. RESULTS: Out of 202 @entity1 evaluated, 4 were excluded. Group 1 constituted 20.2% of the @entity1 , 17.5% of them have predisposing conditions. Comparison between group 1 and 2 revealed the following: female sex (65% versus 50.6%, p=0.104), advanced stages at presentation (65% versus 41%, p=0.005), @entity5 (50% versus 39.2%) and right side @entity5 (15% versus 29.1%) (p=0.18). Mucinous and signet ring @entity5 (30% versus 15.8%, p=0.04), poor @entity5 differentiation (20% versus 18.3%, p=0.78) and presentation with complications (21% versus 22.2%, p=0.96). CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity14 in young Jordanians was much higher than high risk populations. Half of the @entity5 were rectal. Young @entity1 have more advanced stage and more @entity3558 secreting @entity5 . The relative high frequency and frequency of predisposing conditions calls for family screening and surveillance in the presence of predisposing conditions.

title: @entity14 in young @entity1 under 40 years of age. Comparison with old XXXX in a well defined Jordanian population.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Five hundred and eleven @entity1 with penetrating or perforating @entity764 were admitted to the Department of @entity65 , University Central Hospital, Helsinki, during the 25-year-period 1952-77. There were 433 stab wounds, 59 gunshot wounds and 19 other penetrating injuries. The organs most often involved were lungs (major haemo- or pneumothorax in 385 @entity1 ), heart (63 @entity1 ) and liver (61 @entity1 ). About one third of the @entity1 were in profound shock on admission. The treatment was immediate thoracotomy in 176 (35%) and laparotomy in 123 cases (24%). Tube thoracostomy was applied in 117 @entity1 and needle aspiration performed in 88 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 died (mortality of 1.8%). Two @entity1 required later open-heart procedure. One of them had an @entity2009 and the other a traumatic VSD combined with @entity886 . One of the traumatic VSDs closed spontaneously during the follow-up time. An active operative approach in the early phase seems to guarantee the best final results, especially in the most critically ill @entity1 .

title: Penetrating and perforating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2009 :: ('MESH:C537782', 'Disease') :: ['aortopulmonary fistula']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve lesion']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injuries']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic injuries']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical therapy of @entity320 of the head, neck, trunk or extremities, and the reliability of sentinel node biopsy. Forty-nine @entity1 , 23 @entity1 and 26 @entity1 , mean age 59 (range: 22-89) years, with @entity320 of the skin--the sites affected were the head and neck (7), trunk (17), upper extremities (8) and lower extremities (17)--and clinically negative lymph nodes, participated in the study from January 2000 to December 2002. The mean Breslow thickness was 2.1 mm, and the median thickness 2 mm. Preoperative dynamic and static lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative blue dye and a gamma-ray detection probe were used. If the histological examination with @entity6175 and @entity1711 revealed @entity3 , therapeutic lymph-node dissection was performed. Sentinel nodes were identified by lymphoscintigraphy in 47 @entity1 (96%); 82 sentinel nodes (mean 1.65 per @entity1 ) were removed from 56 lymph-node stations. Four @entity1 had @entity5 -positive sentinel nodes. During follow-up, nodal recurrence in a sentinel-node-negative station was documented in 1 @entity1 . @entity320 can be safely excised with 1-2 cm margins. Therapeutic lymph-node dissection is performed only in node-positive @entity1 . Sentinel-node biopsy allows accurate staging and yields important prognostic information.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX : role of the sentinel lymph node].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma of the skin']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Sulfated @entity230 like @entity10768 (PS) are found endogenously in the central nervous system where they may modulate GABAA receptors. Understanding the mechanism of @entity134 inhibition is important for understanding the conditions under which endogenous @entity230 modulate GABAA receptor function, assessing their potential clinical utility, and for evaluating sulfated @entity230 as probes of receptor behaviour. Some previous studies suggest that sulfated @entity134 inhibition exhibits activation @entity734 , whilst other studies suggest only slow, time-dependent inhibition, perhaps reflecting slow PS association with receptors. We tested activation @entity734 in several ways. @entity134 potency increased 2- to 3-fold with approximately 10-fold change in @entity1246 concentration. PS inhibition of saturating partial agonist responses suggested that the level of channel activation, rather than receptor occupancy by agonist, is important for PS inhibition. Inhibition by sulfated @entity230 exhibited weak or no voltage @entity734 . Responses to rapid applications of exogenous @entity1246 differed little whether PS was pre-applied or simply co-applied with @entity1246 , consistent with the hypothesis that the actions of PS are facilitated by receptor activation. PS applied during steady-state @entity1246 responses exhibited slow onset and offset rate constants. The offset, rather than onset, was significantly slowed by elevated @entity1246 concentration. At hippocampal synapses, large, multiquantal IPSCs were inhibited more effectively by a fixed concentration of PS than small quantal content IPSCs, consistent with known 'pooling' of transmitter following multiquantal release. @entity26003 , although superficially similar to PS in its activation @entity734 , was dissimilar from PS in a number of details. In summary, PS inhibition exhibits activation @entity734 that may be explained by activation-dependent binding and altered desensitization.

title: Activation-dependent properties of XXXX inhibition of GABAA receptor-mediated current.

entities_list: @entity26003 :: ('MESH:C022961', 'Chemical') :: ['Picrotoxinin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10768 :: ('MESH:C018370', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity10768 :: (MESH:C018370,Chemical) :: ['pregnenolone sulfate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to search if the renal parenchymal attenuation measurements on unenhanced CT scans could be useful in differentiating acutely obstructed kidneys from chronic cases or unobstructed kidneys. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Unenhanced CT scans of 101 @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-two @entity1 with unilateral acute @entity8 , 34 @entity1 with unilateral chronic @entity8 due to various reasons and 35 control subjects were included in the study. The parenchymal densities of both kidneys were measured, from the upper poles, middle portions, and lower poles of each kidney. The mean parenchymal densities of both kidneys were calculated in all three groups of subjects. Secondary signs of @entity8 such as perinephric stranding, size of @entity1901 , degree of @entity3041 were also noted for each kidney. RESULTS: The mean parenchymal attenuation value on the acutely obstructed side was lower than the unobstructed side, 24.21    3.68 and 30.68    4.75 respectively (p<0.001). The mean parenchymal attenuation value on the acutely obstructed side (24.21    3.68) was lower than both the chronically obstructed side (30.85    4.53), and the control subjects (29.62    3.03 on corresponding side). There was no statistically significant attenuation difference between right and left kidneys in the control group and chronic obstruction group. CONCLUSION: Renal parenchymal attenuation measurements and attenuation differences of both kidney of same @entity1 could be useful in differentiating acute unilateral obstruction from chronic cases.

title: Unenhanced urinary CT: value of parenchymal attenuation measurements in differentiating acute vs. chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral stone']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal obstruction']


abstract: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been shown to reduce mortality in @entity1 with stable @entity453 ( @entity453 ). The long-term clinical success of PCI is defined as the persistent relief of signs and symptoms of @entity741 for more than 6 months after the index procedure. Data from large trials investigating the use of PCI in @entity1 with stable @entity453 show that @entity951 is still experienced in a large number of @entity1 one year after the procedure and that this proportion increases over time. These data are, however, largely from post-hoc analyses of studies powered to measure other end points. We conducted the first prospective study investigating the incidence of persistent @entity951 and inducible @entity63 in @entity1 with stable @entity453 undergoing PCI rated as 'successful' by the interventional cardiologist, and present an interim analysis of data from 220 @entity1 . The mean age of our @entity1 was 65 years; they were mostly male, mildly @entity28 , @entity101 and dyslipidemic. Most @entity1 had @entity66 affecting the left anterior descending artery and received a drug-eluting stent, and all @entity1 had a positive stress test before PCI. At the follow-up visit, which was performed within 4 weeks of the index procedure, 52% of @entity1 still had a positive stress test. Before PCI, 66% of @entity1 reported experiencing @entity951 on exertion. At the follow-up visit, one-third of those @entity1 were still experiencing @entity951 . @entity1 experiencing persistent @entity951 (21% of the study population) graded their symptoms as improved (66%), unchanged (33%) or worsened (1%) after the procedure. We hypothesize that coronary @entity409 is a possible cause of persistent @entity951 in this highly select group of @entity1 . Risk factors for @entity409 include @entity2299 , smoking and @entity6 . It is currently difficult to dissect the relative contributions of @entity3979 and @entity409 in precipitating @entity741 . A better understanding of these mechanisms could reduce the number of unnecessary PCI procedures. Moreover, treatment options in @entity1 who continue to experience @entity951 despite 'optimal' medical therapy and 'successful' PCI are urgently required.

title: Persistent XXXX : the Araba Phoenix of cardiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: We used the wing somatic assay in @entity238 to test the hypothesis that two phytoextracts from Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol (Cecropiaceae) and Equisetum myriochaetum Schlecht. et Cham (Equisetaceae), which are used in folk medicine to treat @entity6 , could detoxify the mutagen @entity273 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Third instar larvae from standard (ST) and high-bioactivation (HB) crosses were chronically exposed to different concentrations of the phytoextracts. @entity273 was used to induce oxidative stress and was chronically tested in both crosses. @entity32946 activity was measured in larvae of both strains 48   h after treatment with @entity273 . A pretreatment protocol was devised to test the antimutagenic potency of the medicinal extracts. RESULTS: The present study showed that neither of the phytoextracts were genotoxic in @entity238 . Interestingly, the antioxidant enzyme activity levels were different between the larvae. @entity273 resulted in a significant genotoxic effect in the ST cross, whereas a detoxification of @entity273 was found in the @entity2915 . Thus, @entity32946 was stimulated in the @entity2915 , which was indicative of a cellular defense mechanism mounted against a xenobiotic hazard. We found that the percentage of inhibition of spots produced by E. myriochaetum was much higher than that induced by Cecropia obtusifolia. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: These results are in agreement with the uses of these phytoextracts in traditional medicine. Indeed, the lack of genotoxicity and the antimutagenic activity observed for both phytoextracts validates their use as a therapeutic modality to treat @entity6 @entity1 . Moreover, these extracts are suitable for consumption as teas and/or phytomedicines.

title: Antimutagenic activity of two medicinal phytoextracts in somatic cells of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide', 'hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including @entity105 . The expression of HSPs in @entity5 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, and HSPs also can act by increasing immunity. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the significance of @entity150 and their effect on @entity5 behavior. METHODS: Expression levels of the 27-kilodalton @entity2284 ( @entity2284 ), @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 were studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 42 transitional cell @entity189 of the bladder (14 Grade 1 @entity5 ; 13 Grade 2 @entity5 ; 15 Grade 3 @entity5 , including 3 @entity5 associated with @entity189 in situ; 30 Stage Ta @entity5 ; 7 Stage T1 @entity5 ; and 5 Stage T2 @entity5 ). Bladder specimens from 10 healthy @entity1 were used as controls in the study. The selected @entity1 had a mean follow-up of 52 months (range, 24-78 months). Among the 37 @entity1 with superficial @entity150 , 17 @entity1 did not have any recurrence after undergoing primary resection, and 20 @entity1 developed recurrent disease, including 4 recurrences with @entity11090 . @entity2284 expression was evaluated according to the percentage of positively stained cells, and loss of expression was defined as < 80% of stained cells. RESULTS: In normal bladder specimens, all four HSPs ( @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 ) were expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and membrane from the basal cell layer to the superficial cell layer. Loss of expression was detected in @entity5 : respectively, 45.2%, 38.1%, 69.0% and 23.8% of @entity5 showed a loss of immunostaining for @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 . No correlation between @entity2284 expression and grade was found. Low expression levels of @entity2284 and @entity11217 were correlated with higher @entity5 stage (87% vs. 6% [P < 0.001] and 78% vs. 9% [P < 0.01], respectively). @entity11217 and @entity4041 expression levels were correlated with final outcome for @entity1 with superficial @entity150 : loss of expression was associated with the risk of developing an infiltrating recurrence (97% vs. 6.0% [P < 0.001] and 88.2% vs. 52.5% [P = 0.02] for @entity11217 and @entity4041 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HSPs were expressed in normal urothelium, and the current results indicated that loss of @entity11217 and @entity4041 expression may have prognostic relevance in @entity1 with @entity150 . The authors believe that @entity11217 may be a very useful marker for @entity1 with superficial @entity150 and may be used for predicting disease progression. If these data are confirmed, low @entity11217 expression levels may be usable as a prognostic marker to identify @entity1 for whom local treatment would be insufficient.

title: @entity1457 proteins XXXX , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 : expression in @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'HSPs in bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle invasion']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity2284 :: (3315,Gene) :: ['HSP27']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including @entity105 . The expression of HSPs in @entity5 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, and HSPs also can act by increasing immunity. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the significance of @entity150 and their effect on @entity5 behavior. METHODS: Expression levels of the 27-kilodalton @entity2284 ( @entity2284 ), @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 were studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 42 transitional cell @entity189 of the bladder (14 Grade 1 @entity5 ; 13 Grade 2 @entity5 ; 15 Grade 3 @entity5 , including 3 @entity5 associated with @entity189 in situ; 30 Stage Ta @entity5 ; 7 Stage T1 @entity5 ; and 5 Stage T2 @entity5 ). Bladder specimens from 10 healthy @entity1 were used as controls in the study. The selected @entity1 had a mean follow-up of 52 months (range, 24-78 months). Among the 37 @entity1 with superficial @entity150 , 17 @entity1 did not have any recurrence after undergoing primary resection, and 20 @entity1 developed recurrent disease, including 4 recurrences with @entity11090 . @entity2284 expression was evaluated according to the percentage of positively stained cells, and loss of expression was defined as < 80% of stained cells. RESULTS: In normal bladder specimens, all four HSPs ( @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 ) were expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and membrane from the basal cell layer to the superficial cell layer. Loss of expression was detected in @entity5 : respectively, 45.2%, 38.1%, 69.0% and 23.8% of @entity5 showed a loss of immunostaining for @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 . No correlation between @entity2284 expression and grade was found. Low expression levels of @entity2284 and @entity11217 were correlated with higher @entity5 stage (87% vs. 6% [P < 0.001] and 78% vs. 9% [P < 0.01], respectively). @entity11217 and @entity4041 expression levels were correlated with final outcome for @entity1 with superficial @entity150 : loss of expression was associated with the risk of developing an infiltrating recurrence (97% vs. 6.0% [P < 0.001] and 88.2% vs. 52.5% [P = 0.02] for @entity11217 and @entity4041 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HSPs were expressed in normal urothelium, and the current results indicated that loss of @entity11217 and @entity4041 expression may have prognostic relevance in @entity1 with @entity150 . The authors believe that @entity11217 may be a very useful marker for @entity1 with superficial @entity150 and may be used for predicting disease progression. If these data are confirmed, low @entity11217 expression levels may be usable as a prognostic marker to identify @entity1 for whom local treatment would be insufficient.

title: @entity1457 proteins @entity2284 , @entity11217 , XXXX , and @entity4041 : expression in @entity150 .

answer: @entity2285 :: (3308,Gene) :: ['HSP70']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including @entity105 . The expression of HSPs in @entity5 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, and HSPs also can act by increasing immunity. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the significance of @entity150 and their effect on @entity5 behavior. METHODS: Expression levels of the 27-kilodalton @entity2284 ( @entity2284 ), @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 were studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 42 transitional cell @entity189 of the bladder (14 Grade 1 @entity5 ; 13 Grade 2 @entity5 ; 15 Grade 3 @entity5 , including 3 @entity5 associated with @entity189 in situ; 30 Stage Ta @entity5 ; 7 Stage T1 @entity5 ; and 5 Stage T2 @entity5 ). Bladder specimens from 10 healthy @entity1 were used as controls in the study. The selected @entity1 had a mean follow-up of 52 months (range, 24-78 months). Among the 37 @entity1 with superficial @entity150 , 17 @entity1 did not have any recurrence after undergoing primary resection, and 20 @entity1 developed recurrent disease, including 4 recurrences with @entity11090 . @entity2284 expression was evaluated according to the percentage of positively stained cells, and loss of expression was defined as < 80% of stained cells. RESULTS: In normal bladder specimens, all four HSPs ( @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 ) were expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and membrane from the basal cell layer to the superficial cell layer. Loss of expression was detected in @entity5 : respectively, 45.2%, 38.1%, 69.0% and 23.8% of @entity5 showed a loss of immunostaining for @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 . No correlation between @entity2284 expression and grade was found. Low expression levels of @entity2284 and @entity11217 were correlated with higher @entity5 stage (87% vs. 6% [P < 0.001] and 78% vs. 9% [P < 0.01], respectively). @entity11217 and @entity4041 expression levels were correlated with final outcome for @entity1 with superficial @entity150 : loss of expression was associated with the risk of developing an infiltrating recurrence (97% vs. 6.0% [P < 0.001] and 88.2% vs. 52.5% [P = 0.02] for @entity11217 and @entity4041 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HSPs were expressed in normal urothelium, and the current results indicated that loss of @entity11217 and @entity4041 expression may have prognostic relevance in @entity1 with @entity150 . The authors believe that @entity11217 may be a very useful marker for @entity1 with superficial @entity150 and may be used for predicting disease progression. If these data are confirmed, low @entity11217 expression levels may be usable as a prognostic marker to identify @entity1 for whom local treatment would be insufficient.

title: @entity1457 proteins @entity2284 , XXXX , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 : expression in @entity150 .

answer: @entity11217 :: (3329,Gene) :: ['HSP60']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including @entity105 . The expression of HSPs in @entity5 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, and HSPs also can act by increasing immunity. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the significance of @entity150 and their effect on @entity5 behavior. METHODS: Expression levels of the 27-kilodalton @entity2284 ( @entity2284 ), @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 were studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 42 transitional cell @entity189 of the bladder (14 Grade 1 @entity5 ; 13 Grade 2 @entity5 ; 15 Grade 3 @entity5 , including 3 @entity5 associated with @entity189 in situ; 30 Stage Ta @entity5 ; 7 Stage T1 @entity5 ; and 5 Stage T2 @entity5 ). Bladder specimens from 10 healthy @entity1 were used as controls in the study. The selected @entity1 had a mean follow-up of 52 months (range, 24-78 months). Among the 37 @entity1 with superficial @entity150 , 17 @entity1 did not have any recurrence after undergoing primary resection, and 20 @entity1 developed recurrent disease, including 4 recurrences with @entity11090 . @entity2284 expression was evaluated according to the percentage of positively stained cells, and loss of expression was defined as < 80% of stained cells. RESULTS: In normal bladder specimens, all four HSPs ( @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 ) were expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and membrane from the basal cell layer to the superficial cell layer. Loss of expression was detected in @entity5 : respectively, 45.2%, 38.1%, 69.0% and 23.8% of @entity5 showed a loss of immunostaining for @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 . No correlation between @entity2284 expression and grade was found. Low expression levels of @entity2284 and @entity11217 were correlated with higher @entity5 stage (87% vs. 6% [P < 0.001] and 78% vs. 9% [P < 0.01], respectively). @entity11217 and @entity4041 expression levels were correlated with final outcome for @entity1 with superficial @entity150 : loss of expression was associated with the risk of developing an infiltrating recurrence (97% vs. 6.0% [P < 0.001] and 88.2% vs. 52.5% [P = 0.02] for @entity11217 and @entity4041 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HSPs were expressed in normal urothelium, and the current results indicated that loss of @entity11217 and @entity4041 expression may have prognostic relevance in @entity1 with @entity150 . The authors believe that @entity11217 may be a very useful marker for @entity1 with superficial @entity150 and may be used for predicting disease progression. If these data are confirmed, low @entity11217 expression levels may be usable as a prognostic marker to identify @entity1 for whom local treatment would be insufficient.

title: XXXX proteins @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 : expression in @entity150 .

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['Heat shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including @entity105 . The expression of HSPs in @entity5 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, and HSPs also can act by increasing immunity. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the significance of @entity150 and their effect on @entity5 behavior. METHODS: Expression levels of the 27-kilodalton @entity2284 ( @entity2284 ), @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 were studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 42 transitional cell @entity189 of the bladder (14 Grade 1 @entity5 ; 13 Grade 2 @entity5 ; 15 Grade 3 @entity5 , including 3 @entity5 associated with @entity189 in situ; 30 Stage Ta @entity5 ; 7 Stage T1 @entity5 ; and 5 Stage T2 @entity5 ). Bladder specimens from 10 healthy @entity1 were used as controls in the study. The selected @entity1 had a mean follow-up of 52 months (range, 24-78 months). Among the 37 @entity1 with superficial @entity150 , 17 @entity1 did not have any recurrence after undergoing primary resection, and 20 @entity1 developed recurrent disease, including 4 recurrences with @entity11090 . @entity2284 expression was evaluated according to the percentage of positively stained cells, and loss of expression was defined as < 80% of stained cells. RESULTS: In normal bladder specimens, all four HSPs ( @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 ) were expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and membrane from the basal cell layer to the superficial cell layer. Loss of expression was detected in @entity5 : respectively, 45.2%, 38.1%, 69.0% and 23.8% of @entity5 showed a loss of immunostaining for @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 . No correlation between @entity2284 expression and grade was found. Low expression levels of @entity2284 and @entity11217 were correlated with higher @entity5 stage (87% vs. 6% [P < 0.001] and 78% vs. 9% [P < 0.01], respectively). @entity11217 and @entity4041 expression levels were correlated with final outcome for @entity1 with superficial @entity150 : loss of expression was associated with the risk of developing an infiltrating recurrence (97% vs. 6.0% [P < 0.001] and 88.2% vs. 52.5% [P = 0.02] for @entity11217 and @entity4041 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HSPs were expressed in normal urothelium, and the current results indicated that loss of @entity11217 and @entity4041 expression may have prognostic relevance in @entity1 with @entity150 . The authors believe that @entity11217 may be a very useful marker for @entity1 with superficial @entity150 and may be used for predicting disease progression. If these data are confirmed, low @entity11217 expression levels may be usable as a prognostic marker to identify @entity1 for whom local treatment would be insufficient.

title: @entity1457 proteins @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and XXXX : expression in @entity150 .

answer: @entity4041 :: (3320,Gene) :: ['HSP90']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including @entity105 . The expression of HSPs in @entity5 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, and HSPs also can act by increasing immunity. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the significance of @entity150 and their effect on @entity5 behavior. METHODS: Expression levels of the 27-kilodalton @entity2284 ( @entity2284 ), @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 were studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 42 transitional cell @entity189 of the bladder (14 Grade 1 @entity5 ; 13 Grade 2 @entity5 ; 15 Grade 3 @entity5 , including 3 @entity5 associated with @entity189 in situ; 30 Stage Ta @entity5 ; 7 Stage T1 @entity5 ; and 5 Stage T2 @entity5 ). Bladder specimens from 10 healthy @entity1 were used as controls in the study. The selected @entity1 had a mean follow-up of 52 months (range, 24-78 months). Among the 37 @entity1 with superficial @entity150 , 17 @entity1 did not have any recurrence after undergoing primary resection, and 20 @entity1 developed recurrent disease, including 4 recurrences with @entity11090 . @entity2284 expression was evaluated according to the percentage of positively stained cells, and loss of expression was defined as < 80% of stained cells. RESULTS: In normal bladder specimens, all four HSPs ( @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 ) were expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and membrane from the basal cell layer to the superficial cell layer. Loss of expression was detected in @entity5 : respectively, 45.2%, 38.1%, 69.0% and 23.8% of @entity5 showed a loss of immunostaining for @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 . No correlation between @entity2284 expression and grade was found. Low expression levels of @entity2284 and @entity11217 were correlated with higher @entity5 stage (87% vs. 6% [P < 0.001] and 78% vs. 9% [P < 0.01], respectively). @entity11217 and @entity4041 expression levels were correlated with final outcome for @entity1 with superficial @entity150 : loss of expression was associated with the risk of developing an infiltrating recurrence (97% vs. 6.0% [P < 0.001] and 88.2% vs. 52.5% [P = 0.02] for @entity11217 and @entity4041 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HSPs were expressed in normal urothelium, and the current results indicated that loss of @entity11217 and @entity4041 expression may have prognostic relevance in @entity1 with @entity150 . The authors believe that @entity11217 may be a very useful marker for @entity1 with superficial @entity150 and may be used for predicting disease progression. If these data are confirmed, low @entity11217 expression levels may be usable as a prognostic marker to identify @entity1 for whom local treatment would be insufficient.

title: @entity1457 proteins @entity2284 , @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 : expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The natural history of @entity439 ends in @entity397 and @entity204 . In 1990 the first endovascular exclusion of an @entity439 , using an endoluminal graft implanted through the femoral arteries was performed. More recently, the same procedure has been used for @entity439 of the thoracic aorta. AIM: To report our experience with endovascular treatment of thoracic aorta @entity439 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of 14 @entity1 (nine male), aged 30 to 79 years, treated between May 2001 and August 2002. RESULTS: The mean diameter of the @entity439 was 6.9 cm. The etiology was @entity731 in nine @entity1 . The Excluder device (Gore) was preferentially used. There was no operative mortality or @entity451 . One @entity1 had a transient leg monoparesis that reverted completely. No @entity1 had type I endoleaks. Two @entity1 had @entity1070 on discharge, that sealed spontaneously. In a follow up, ranging from 2 to 17 months, one @entity1 died of a @entity3127 and no @entity1756 has been detected. CONCLUSIONS: The short term results of endoluminal treatment of thoracic aorta @entity439 are excellent. This treatment is less invasive and has less complications than conventional surgery.

title: [Endovascular treatment of descending thoracic aorta XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type II endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 are the leading cause of mortality in Chile and, among these, @entity5 are the second most frequent cause of @entity204 . The lOngest number of deaths occur in the Metropolitan Region. AIM: To describe the rates of mortality caused by solid @entity5 in the Metropolitan Region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of deaths that occurred in 1999 in the Metropolitan Region. Data from @entity204 certificates, gathered by the Ministry of Health, were used. Crude mortality rates and Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) caused by solid @entity5 were calculated. RESULTS: Among @entity1 , @entity356 accounts for the higher rate of mortality, followed by @entity2 . Among @entity1 , @entity1086 is the most frequent cause of @entity204 , followed by @entity0 . @entity356 also accounts for the higher amount of PYLL among @entity1 , but among @entity1 , @entity0 outweighs @entity1086 in this parameter. CONCLUSIONS: @entity356 continues to be an important cause of mortality in Chile and there is a worrysome increase in the mortality caused by @entity1086 .

title: [Epidemiological analysis of mortality caused by solid XXXX in the Metropolitan Region, Chile, 1999].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: A group of lactobacilli isolated from the cervix of 31 healthy @entity1 was characterized by ( @entity15533 )-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting in order to evaluate this method for identification of vaginal lactobacilli. Obtained fingerprints were compared with profiles available in an in-house database of the CCM bacteria collection covering type and reference strains of multiple @entity880 bacteria including lactobacilli. Selected strains representing individual clusters were further identified by pheS gene sequencing. In total, six @entity10265 species were found among lactobacilli isolated from the cervix of healthy @entity1 . The ( @entity15533 )-PCR method identified @entity24046 (11 strains), @entity10688 (one), and some of the @entity10265 jensenii strains (eight out of 11), but failed to identify the remaining strains, including the @entity10265 (18), @entity10265 mucosae (one), and @entity10265 vaginalis (one) species. L. jensenii strains were distributed over two fingerprint clusters. The majority of samples was dominated by one ( @entity15533 )-PCR type. The rep-PCR fingerprinting using the ( @entity15533 ) primer allowed straightforward identification of many, but not all, isolates. This method has been shown to be a useful tool for fast screening and grouping of vaginal lactobacilli, but its combination with another identification method is needed to obtain reliable identification results. In addition, @entity9206 was not shown to be the most common inhabitant of the female genital tract as generally assumed.

title: ( XXXX )-PCR fingerprinting of lactobacilli isolated from cervix of healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity10688 :: ('1613', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus fermentum']

entities_list: @entity24046 :: ('1596', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus gasseri']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus']

entities_list: @entity10265 :: ('47770', 'Species') :: ['lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus crispatus', 'Lactobacillus']

answer: @entity15533 :: (2678,Gene) :: ['GTG)(5']


abstract: A group of lactobacilli isolated from the cervix of 31 healthy @entity1 was characterized by ( @entity15533 )-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting in order to evaluate this method for identification of vaginal lactobacilli. Obtained fingerprints were compared with profiles available in an in-house database of the CCM bacteria collection covering type and reference strains of multiple @entity880 bacteria including lactobacilli. Selected strains representing individual clusters were further identified by pheS gene sequencing. In total, six @entity10265 species were found among lactobacilli isolated from the cervix of healthy @entity1 . The ( @entity15533 )-PCR method identified @entity24046 (11 strains), @entity10688 (one), and some of the @entity10265 jensenii strains (eight out of 11), but failed to identify the remaining strains, including the @entity10265 (18), @entity10265 mucosae (one), and @entity10265 vaginalis (one) species. L. jensenii strains were distributed over two fingerprint clusters. The majority of samples was dominated by one ( @entity15533 )-PCR type. The rep-PCR fingerprinting using the ( @entity15533 ) primer allowed straightforward identification of many, but not all, isolates. This method has been shown to be a useful tool for fast screening and grouping of vaginal lactobacilli, but its combination with another identification method is needed to obtain reliable identification results. In addition, @entity9206 was not shown to be the most common inhabitant of the female genital tract as generally assumed.

title: ( @entity15533 )-PCR fingerprinting of lactobacilli isolated from cervix of healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty for the treatment of @entity3814 as published in the scientific literature. DESIGN: Literature review. METHOD: Medline and the Cochrane library were searched with the terms 'percutaneous vertebroplasty', ' @entity3814 '. Criteria for inclusion were: (a) the studies had to have been published in the period January 1985-August 2002, (b) the study population had to include at least 10 @entity1 , (c) the @entity1 had to have been treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty, and (d) the diagnosis had to have been 'osteoporotic vertebral compression @entity174 '. RESULTS: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. @entity158 relief was seen in 60%-100% of the @entity1 within the first 24 hours and this result improved to 78-100% in the long term (maximum 4 years). The complications immediately after the procedure were related to cement leakages and were mostly of no clinical consequence. Serious complications such as @entity1151 were rare. In the long term, percutaneous vertebroplasty was associated with an increased risk of @entity174 in the adjacent vertebrae. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous vertebroplasty seems to be effective and safe in the treatment of @entity3814 . A prospective randomised intervention study has, however, not yet been performed. For the time being, percutaneous vertebroplasty should be reserved for carefully selected @entity1 in whom conservative therapy has not produced results.

title: [Percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of XXXX : review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures', "vertebral compression fractures', 'osteoporotic' and 'osteoporosis"]

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: Intravenous @entity5 cell injection and spontaneously metastasising transplantable @entity5 have been used as models for @entity5 spread. To evaluate the validity of these two experimental approaches for the study of @entity1003 and @entity3 , the effect of anticoagulants on "secondary" @entity5 growth was investigated in both models and the results were compared. The B16 @entity320 and the @entity2 in C57BL @entity19 were employed throughout the study, and anticoagulation was rendered through the use of phenprocoumon, heparin and ancrod. All anticoagulants were capable of reducing lung colonies after i.v. @entity5 cell injection, whereas only @entity3924 significantly diminished the formation of spontaneous @entity3 . A review of the current literature on anticoagulants and @entity5 dissemination and the observations described lead to the following conclusions: (1) Results from studies with i.v. introduced @entity5 cells cannot be extrapolated to spontaneously metastasising @entity5 . (2) Spontaneously metastasising @entity5 represent the preferable model for the study of antimetastatic effects of anticoagulants. (3) Little evidence exists to support the concept of the pathogenetic role of fibrin formation in the establishment of spontaneous @entity3 from blood-borne @entity5 cells. (4) @entity1524 derivatives are potent antimetastatic drugs, their mode of action appears to be independent of their anticoagulant activity.

title: Anticoagulants and experimental XXXX -evaluation of antimetastatic effects in different model systems.

entities_list: @entity3924 :: ('MESH:D010644', 'Chemical') :: ['phenprocoumon']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'haematogenous tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['Coumarin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lewis lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulability']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity816 accounts for up to 40% of all childhood @entity1313 , it is a rare disease in adults. Consequently, there are few mature data on the impact of up-front treatment options after surgery that include observation or adjuvant radiotherapy. METHODS: Ten @entity1 and 20 @entity1 were identified who were diagnosed with @entity816 from 1971 to 2007 and were retrospectively reviewed. The median @entity1 age was 30 years (range, 18-64 years), and the median follow-up was 87 months (range, 16-420 months). Initial surgery included biopsy (10% of @entity1 ), subtotal resection (57% of @entity1 ), or gross-total resection (33% of @entity1 ). Nineteen @entity1 were observed postoperatively, whereas 11 @entity1 received up-front postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (50 grays in 25 fractions). No @entity1 received adjuvant or concurrent chemotherapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences between survival curves were analyzed with the log-rank test. RESULTS: For the entire cohort, the 5-year and 10-year OS rates were 95% and 85%, respectively, and the 5-year and 10-year PFS rates were 63% and 35%, respectively. The median PFS was 8.4 years. Initial radiation, compared with observation, did not have an impact on OS but significantly improved PFS. The 5-year PFS rate for @entity1 who were observed versus those who received radiation was 42% versus 91%, respectively; and, at 10 years, the PFS rate was 17% versus 60%, respectively (P = .005). @entity1 who progressed after observation (11 of 19 @entity1 ) received various salvage therapies, resulting in a 2-year PFS rate of 68% compared with 33% for @entity1 who progressed after initial radiation (3 of 11 @entity1 ) and were salvaged with either chemotherapy or surgery (P = .1). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant radiotherapy for @entity816 significantly prolonged PFS at both 5 years and 10 years compared with observation. However, equivalent OS was observed, which reflected the efficacy of salvage therapies.

title: Upfront observation versus radiation for adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['pilocytic astrocytoma']


abstract: Atrophy of the stria vascularis and spiral ligament and an associated decrease in the endocochlear potential (EP) are significant factors in age-related @entity393 (presbyacusis). To model this EP decrease, @entity1483 was delivered into the round-window niche of young adult gerbils by osmotic pump for seven days, chronically reducing the EP by 30-40 mV. Compound action potential (CAP) thresholds were correspondingly reduced by 30-40 dB @entity16811 at high frequencies. Two weeks after withdrawal of @entity1483 , the treated ears showed an EP recovery of up to 20-30 mV along with a similar recovery of CAP thresholds. The influence of cell division on @entity1483 -induced and age-related decline of the EP was examined using a mitotic tracer, @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ). Cell proliferation was examined in three groups: young control, @entity1483 -treated, and aged cochleas. Sections immunostained for @entity1603 were bleached with @entity274 to eliminate ambiguities with melanin pigment in the inner ear. Cell types positively labeled for @entity1603 in all three groups included Schwann cells in Rosenthal's canal; glial cells in the osseous spiral lamina; fibrocytes in the limbus, sacculus, and spiral ligament (SL); epithelial cells in Reissner's and round-window membranes; intermediate cells in the stria vascularis; and vascular endothelial cells. Quantitative analysis showed that the mean number of @entity1603 -positive ( @entity1603 +) intermediate cells in the stria did not differ significantly among the three groups. In contrast, there was a significant increase of @entity1603 + fibrocytes in the SL of @entity1483 -treated animals as compared to the young control group. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in labeled fibrocytes in the aged versus the young ears, particularly among the type II and type IV subtypes. The results suggest that the increased fibrocyte turnover in the SL after @entity1483 treatment may be related to the recovery of EP and CAP thresholds, supporting the hypothesis that fibrocyte proliferation may be essential for maintaining the EP and cochlear function in normal and damaged cochleas. Moreover, the decreased turnover of SL fibrocytes with age may be a contributing factor underlying the lateral wall pathology and consequent EP loss that often accompanies presbyacusis.

title: Effects of chronic XXXX treatment and age on cell division in the adult gerbil inner ear.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1483 :: (MESH:D005665,Chemical) :: ['furosemide']


abstract: The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the walking pattern of @entity1 with @entity572 . The materials consist of 37 cases of @entity571 , ten cases of fused hips and two cases of @entity3946 which had not been treated. Of the 37 cases with @entity571 , seven cases were in pre- @entity4040 or in the early stage of it. They had slight @entity158 and an almost normal range of motion. Thirty cases were in advanced @entity4040 and were treated by total hip replacement. For the purpose of examining the walking pattern of the above mentioned @entity1 , three-dimensional components of the floor reaction force were measured by Matake's force plate, and three loop diagrams were made by taking two dimensions at a time and plotting them on an X-Y recorder in order to easily understand the walking as a pattern. In the present paper only the alpha-diagram, which is composed of the vertical, forward and backward components, was used. In the @entity1 with @entity571 , the figure of the alpha-diagram decreases and the unweighting effect in the vertical floor reaction disappears as the degree of the @entity158 increases, while, on the normal side, some compensatory function was seen in the characteristic figure. In the cases of untreated @entity3946 , the figures of the alpha-diagram were similar to the pattern of a @entity158 hip with @entity571 . From these facts it is concluded that the most important factor influencing the walking pattern is @entity158 .

title: [Walking pattern of @entity1 with XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity3946 :: ('MESH:D006618', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip disorders']


abstract: The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the walking pattern of @entity1 with @entity572 . The materials consist of 37 cases of @entity571 , ten cases of fused hips and two cases of @entity3946 which had not been treated. Of the 37 cases with @entity571 , seven cases were in pre- @entity4040 or in the early stage of it. They had slight @entity158 and an almost normal range of motion. Thirty cases were in advanced @entity4040 and were treated by total hip replacement. For the purpose of examining the walking pattern of the above mentioned @entity1 , three-dimensional components of the floor reaction force were measured by Matake's force plate, and three loop diagrams were made by taking two dimensions at a time and plotting them on an X-Y recorder in order to easily understand the walking as a pattern. In the present paper only the alpha-diagram, which is composed of the vertical, forward and backward components, was used. In the @entity1 with @entity571 , the figure of the alpha-diagram decreases and the unweighting effect in the vertical floor reaction disappears as the degree of the @entity158 increases, while, on the normal side, some compensatory function was seen in the characteristic figure. In the cases of untreated @entity3946 , the figures of the alpha-diagram were similar to the pattern of a @entity158 hip with @entity571 . From these facts it is concluded that the most important factor influencing the walking pattern is @entity158 .

title: [Walking pattern of XXXX with @entity572 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effect of @entity128 on conduction in the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve has been studied in @entity95 . @entity16 wa produced in 40 animals by ligation of the common and external or the internal and external iliac arteries. Conduction in the motor fibres to the small foot muscles was examined at internals after operation, with nerve stimulation in the thigh and at the ankle. Ascending nerve action potentials in the tibial nerve were also studied. In 8 animals there was evidence o widespread degeneration of myelinated fibres; muscle action potentials could not be activated by nerve stimulation nerve action potentials were absent. In contrast there were 14 animals in which arterial ligation appeared to produce little, if any, @entity528 ; in this group there was no significant change in motor or afferent velocity. The remaining 18 animals showed changes of intermediate severity. @entity528 was extensive, it was never complete, and in 9 nerves examined 5 - 11 days after surgery, conduction block between the thigh and ankle could be demonstrated in surviving fibres. In the other 9 nerves there was no block in surviving fibres but maximal motor velocity was significantly reduced. In no case did the conduction block affect more than a minority of the motor fibres, the remainder undergoing complete degeneration. This was in keeping with the histological appearances which showed a relatively small amount of @entity17 compared with the amount of @entity6441 .

title: Conduction velocity and conduction block after experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['paranodal and segmental demyelination']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Ischaemic nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['While nerve degeneration', 'nerve degeneration']

answer: @entity128 :: (MESH:D020209,Disease) :: ['ischaemic nerve injury']


abstract: An estimated 5.1 million Americans suffer from @entity195 ( @entity195 ). A symptom of @entity195 is the gradual loss of autobiographical memory. Support services have been shown to slow such loss, thereby improving the quality of life of @entity1 and their caregivers. In this case study, a subject in Stage 4 of @entity195 on the Functional Assessment Staging (FAST) scale carried a smart phone with a lanyard for 4 weeks. The smart phone was programmed to take pictures at 5-minute intervals for 12 hours during the day. The pictures were collected, combined in a video slide show, saved to a @entity1741 , and mailed to the subject on a weekly basis. The subject and his caregiver had to view the @entity1741 . In order to evaluate the subject's memory before and after viewing the @entity1741 , a test concerning the most important events of the week was developed. The subject and his caregiver had to answer a satisfaction questionnaire as well. The results of this case study confirmed that the @entity1741 helped the subject recall recent events significantly better and that carrying the smart phone was not considered intrusive to daily routines. This manuscript illustrates how smart phone technology can assist in exercising autobiographical memory.

title: Supporting autobiographical memory in @entity1 with XXXX using smart phones.

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: An estimated 5.1 million Americans suffer from @entity195 ( @entity195 ). A symptom of @entity195 is the gradual loss of autobiographical memory. Support services have been shown to slow such loss, thereby improving the quality of life of @entity1 and their caregivers. In this case study, a subject in Stage 4 of @entity195 on the Functional Assessment Staging (FAST) scale carried a smart phone with a lanyard for 4 weeks. The smart phone was programmed to take pictures at 5-minute intervals for 12 hours during the day. The pictures were collected, combined in a video slide show, saved to a @entity1741 , and mailed to the subject on a weekly basis. The subject and his caregiver had to view the @entity1741 . In order to evaluate the subject's memory before and after viewing the @entity1741 , a test concerning the most important events of the week was developed. The subject and his caregiver had to answer a satisfaction questionnaire as well. The results of this case study confirmed that the @entity1741 helped the subject recall recent events significantly better and that carrying the smart phone was not considered intrusive to daily routines. This manuscript illustrates how smart phone technology can assist in exercising autobiographical memory.

title: Supporting autobiographical memory in XXXX with @entity195 using smart phones.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) with biologics may alter disease progression, leading to fewer @entity66 , but cost and adverse event profiles often limit their effective use. Tools identifying @entity1 at high risk of complications, who would benefit the most from biologics, would be valuable. Previous studies suggest that biomarkers may aid in determining the course of @entity30 . We aimed to determine if combined serologic immune responses and @entity6820 genetic markers are associated with @entity30 complications. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, banked blood from well-characterized @entity30 @entity1 (n = 593; mean follow-up: 12 years) from tertiary and community centers was analyzed for six serological biomarkers (ASCA-IgA, ASCA-IgG, anti-OmpC, anti-CBir1, anti-I2, pANCA). In a @entity1 subset (n = 385), @entity6820 (SNP8, SNP12, SNP13) genotyping was performed. Complications included stricturing and penetrating @entity146 . A logistic regression model for the risk of complications over time was constructed and evaluated by cross-validation. RESULTS: For each serologic marker, complication rates were stratified by quartile. Complication frequency was significantly different across quartiles for each marker (P trend  <= 0.001). @entity1 with SNP13 @entity6820 risk alleles experienced increased complications versus @entity1 without @entity6820 mutations (P  <= 0.001). A calibration plot of modeled versus observed complication rates demonstrated good agreement (R = 0.973). Performance of the model integrating serologic and genetic markers was demonstrated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.801; 95% confidence interval: 0.757-0.846). CONCLUSIONS: This model combining serologic and @entity6820 genetic markers may provide physicians with a tool to assess the probability of @entity1 developing a complication over the course of @entity30 .

title: Combination of genetic and quantitative serological immune markers are associated with complicated XXXX behavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease-related complications']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['disease behaviors']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Right ventricular (RV) enlargement and @entity338 ( @entity338 ) are well-known, unavoidable long term sequelae encountered by @entity1 who undergo @entity215 ( @entity215 ) surgery. Despite their lifelong need for cardiac surveillance and occasional re-intervention, there is a paucity of numerical data characterizing blood flows in their pulmonary arteries (PA). Specifically, although PA regurgitation is well-known to be ubiquitously present in adult repaired @entity215 (rTOF) @entity1 yet, there have been only limited numerical studies to fully characterize this process. The few studies available have utilized idealized, simplistic geometric models or overly simplistic boundary conditions that fail to account for flow reversals near the arterial walls as observed in in-vitro and MRI based in-vivo studies. The objective of this study was to establish and validate a numerical methodology of PA blood flow using actual @entity1 specific geometry and flow measurements obtained using phase-contrast MRI, employing Womersley type velocity profiles that model flow reversals near walls. The results from computation were validated with measurements. For the normal subject, the time averaged right PA pressure from computation (13.8 mmHg) and experiment (14.6 mmHg) differed by 6%. The time-averaged main PA pressure from computation (16.5 mmHg) and experiment (16.3 mmHg) differed by 1%. The numerically computed left PA regurgitant fraction was 89% compared to measured 77.5%, while the same for the rTOF was 43% (computation), compared to 39.6% (measured). We conclude that the use of numerical computations using the Womersley boundary condition allows reliable modeling of the pathophysiology of PA flow in rTOF.

title: Comparison of hemodynamic endpoints between normal subject and tetralogy XXXX using Womersley velocity profile and MR based flow measurements.

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve insufficiency', 'PI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Polaris nail is an intramedullary device for treating displaced @entity174 with few published studies to support its use. Results of a consecutive series of @entity1 treated with the Polaris nail are presented. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with a mean age of 71 years (range, 37-84) were treated for twelve 2- and six 3-part @entity174 . Radiographic results for all @entity1 were evaluated. Thirteen @entity1 with an average follow-up of 42 months (range, 24-84) were available for functional evaluation. RESULTS: Seventeen of 18 @entity1 healed. Postoperatively, the neck/shaft angle collapsed an average 11   (range, 5-30  ) into varus. Nine of 18 @entity1 had final neck/shaft angles <120   and were considered radiographic malunions. The mean Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were 61 (range, 20-100) and 67 (range, 10-100), respectively. Forward elevation averaged 118  . @entity1 had an average 5/8 positive rotator cuff signs. Seven @entity1 underwent reoperation for loss of fixation or prominent hardware, and 1 required revision to a hemiarthroplasty. CONCLUSION: This study shows a higher than reported percentage of unsatisfactory results using the Polaris nail. The device violates the rotator cuff and is unable to resist the deforming forces that can lead to @entity819 .

title: Surgical treatment of displaced XXXX with a short intramedullary nail.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'proximal humerus fractures']

entities_list: @entity819 :: ('MESH:C536424', 'Disease') :: ['loss of fixation and varus collapse']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['proximal humerus fractures']