abstract: BACKGROUND: Composite defects resulting from total parotidectomy present unique reconstructive challenges. This study reviews our experience using the @entity18564 ( @entity18564 ) flap with adjacent fascia and nerve grafts to reconstruct these defects, and establishes a classification system and treatment algorithm that simplifies reconstruction. METHODS: Between July 2005 and November 2009, 22 @entity1 underwent total parotidectomy and immediate reconstruction with the extended @entity18564 flap. Of total, 21 @entity1 had concomitant neck dissection. Defects were classified as follows: Type I, significant soft-tissue loss (n = 4); Type II, significant soft-tissue loss with @entity2103 (n = 2); Type III, significant soft-tissue loss with resection of surrounding bone(s) (n = 5); and Type IV, significant soft-tissue loss, bone resection, and @entity2103 (n = 11). Reconstruction procedures included free @entity18564 (n = 9); @entity18564 with fascia lata sling (n = 4); @entity18564 with nerve grafting (n = 5); and @entity18564 , fascia lata sling, and nerve grafting (n = 4). Complications, functional outcome, and @entity1 satisfaction were assessed by chart review and prospective surveys. RESULTS: Fourteen of 22 @entity1 participated in surveys. There was 1 flap loss. Donor site complications included the following: 4 @entity1 (29%) with minor numbness of the lateral thigh skin, and 1 (7%) @entity2080 . There was no leg @entity425 or @entity281 . Recipient site morbidity included 2 @entity1 (14%) with @entity8810 , 3 (21%) with delayed wound @entity446 , 5 (36%) with @entity1183 , and 5 with mild @entity1697 . Smile asymmetry was present in 7 @entity1 (50%). Ten @entity1 (71%) reported being "very happy" with their appearance. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity18564 flap, used with adjacent nerve and fascia, offers a versatile option for reconstructing @entity154 . The procedure involves minimal donor site morbidity, and results in sound functional outcomes and high degrees of @entity1 satisfaction.

title: Reconstruction of complex total parotidectomy defects using the free XXXX flap: a classification system and algorithm.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['complex parotidectomy defects']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial numbness']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral incompetence']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['Frey syndrome']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve excision']

entities_list: @entity18564 :: ('MESH:D056988', 'Disease') :: ['anterolateral thigh', 'ALT']

answer: @entity18564 :: (MESH:D056988,Disease) :: ['anterolateral thigh']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mortality rates level off at older ages. Age trajectories of @entity64 case-fatality rates were studied with the aim of investigating prevalence of this phenomenon, specifically in case-fatality rates at older ages. METHODS: A registry of all hospitalized @entity64 @entity1 in Denmark included 40,155 @entity1 with evaluations of @entity64 severity, computed tomography, and cardiovascular risk factors. Data on mortality were used to construct age trajectories of 3-day, 1-week, 1-month, and 1-year case-fatality rates in @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 40,155 @entity1 , 19,301 (48%) were @entity1 (mean age, 74.5 years) and 20,854 (52%) were @entity1 (mean age, 69.7 years). In both @entity1 and @entity1 , 3-day case-fatality rates leveled off, beginning in the @entity1 ' mid-70s. In @entity1 , 1-week case-fatality rates leveled off further in their early 80s, whereas in @entity1 , 1-week case-fatality rates accelerated with age. One-month and 1-year case-fatality rates accelerated with age for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: It is an apparent paradox that case-fatality rates in the acute state of @entity64 level off at the highest ages. Heterogeneity, innate or acquired, in regard to survival capacity may explain the phenomenon.

title: Age trajectories of XXXX case fatality: leveling off at the highest ages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were (1) to validate the Alvarado score and pediatric @entity698 score (PAS) in a prospectively identified pediatric cohort and (2) to assess abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) as a tool to increase the diagnostic reliability of both scores. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective study conducted from January 10, 2008, to January 1, 2009. All @entity1 attended at the emergency department with suspected @entity697 ( @entity697 ) who had a blood sample collected were included. Items from both scores were recorded. The performance of an AUS, the decision to admit the @entity1 , and the therapeutics were decided by the physician, disregarding the scores values. Nonadmitted @entity1 were contacted by telephone. RESULTS: Ninety-nine @entity1 were included. Mean age was 11 years, and 62.6% were males. Appendectomy was performed in 44.4% @entity1 . The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the Alvarado score was 0.96 and that for PAS was 0.97. Not a single @entity1 with an Alvarado score less than 5 or PAS less than 4 had @entity697 . All @entity1 with an Alvarado score greater than 8 or PAS greater than 7 had @entity697 . For both scores, the optimum cutoff point was 6 (sensibility of 90.4% and specificity of 91.2% for the Alvarado score and sensibility of 88.1% and specificity of 98.2% for PAS). Abdominal ultrasonography was performed on 31 @entity1 (sensibility of 84.6% and specificity of 94.4%). We studied the value of scores and AUS together. Assuming an Alvarado score from 1 to 4 and PAS from 1 to 3 as no @entity697 , an Alvarado score from 9 to 10 and PAS from 8 to 9 as @entity697 , and proceeding according to the AUS for intermediate values, a sensibility of 93.3% and 97.2% and a specificity of 100% and 97.6%, respectively, were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Both scores are a useful tool in the evaluation of @entity1 with possible @entity697 . For extreme values of scores, the results really ensure their use in the emergency department. The AUS can help on decision making for intermediate values.

title: Prospective validation of two systems of classification for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: The @entity33612 polymorphism ( @entity6344 substitution, intron 9) of the @entity52655 gene has recently been associated with episodic memory and cognitive flexibility. These findings were inconsistent across reports though, and largely lacked gene-gene or gene-environment interactions. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of the @entity33612 polymorphism on clinically relevant cognitive domains and its interaction with the modifiers 'lifestyle' and 'cardiovascular risk factors'. Five-hundred forty-five elderly volunteers (mean age 64 years,   7 years, 56% @entity1 ) accomplished a comprehensive cognitive testing. Principal component analysis was used to reveal the internal structure of the data, rendering four composite scores: verbal memory, word fluency, executive function/psychomotor speed, and working memory. Lifestyle was assessed with a detailed questionnaire, age-associated risk factors by clinical interview and examination. There was no main effect of the @entity33612 genotype on any cognitive composite scores. However, we found worse performance in executive functions for T-allele carriers in the presence of arterial @entity101 (b=-0.365, p=0.0077 and 0.031 after Bonferroni correction). This association was further modified by gender, showing the strongest association in @entity101 females (b=-0.500, p=0.0072 and 0.029 after Bonferroni correction). The effect of @entity52655 on cognitive function seems to be complex and modified by gender and arterial @entity101 .

title: Impact of common XXXX allele on @entity1 cognitive functions.

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C  >  T']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity52655 :: (23286,Gene) :: ['KIBRA']


abstract: The @entity33612 polymorphism ( @entity6344 substitution, intron 9) of the @entity52655 gene has recently been associated with episodic memory and cognitive flexibility. These findings were inconsistent across reports though, and largely lacked gene-gene or gene-environment interactions. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of the @entity33612 polymorphism on clinically relevant cognitive domains and its interaction with the modifiers 'lifestyle' and 'cardiovascular risk factors'. Five-hundred forty-five elderly volunteers (mean age 64 years,   7 years, 56% @entity1 ) accomplished a comprehensive cognitive testing. Principal component analysis was used to reveal the internal structure of the data, rendering four composite scores: verbal memory, word fluency, executive function/psychomotor speed, and working memory. Lifestyle was assessed with a detailed questionnaire, age-associated risk factors by clinical interview and examination. There was no main effect of the @entity33612 genotype on any cognitive composite scores. However, we found worse performance in executive functions for T-allele carriers in the presence of arterial @entity101 (b=-0.365, p=0.0077 and 0.031 after Bonferroni correction). This association was further modified by gender, showing the strongest association in @entity101 females (b=-0.500, p=0.0072 and 0.029 after Bonferroni correction). The effect of @entity52655 on cognitive function seems to be complex and modified by gender and arterial @entity101 .

title: Impact of common @entity52655 allele on XXXX cognitive functions.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Controversy continues over the optimal method of resecting @entity5142 . Electrosurgery, cryosurgery and laser resection have all had some clinical success. We sought to compare these treatment methods in experimentally-created @entity5142 . Subglottic strictures were created transbronchoscopically in newborn @entity742 by electrocoagulating a rim of mucosa. Four weeks later, all had 20 to 90% occlusion documented bronchoscopically. Control animals were found to have dense @entity82 in the cricoid area. Remaining experimental animals were treated with: (1) electrosurgical resection; (2) cryosurgical treatment; (3) @entity3278 -yag (Nd:Yag) laser at 20 watts; (4) Nd:Yag laser with 40 watts; or (5) @entity544 laser at 10 watts. Animals from each group were sacrificed at 5 and 30 days postresection and the tracheas were examined grossly and microscopically. Animals sacrificed at 30 days postresection were bronchoscoped at weekly intervals. Cryosurgical and electrosurgical resection resulted in 1-3 mm of thermal damage adjacent to the margin of resection at 5 days post-treatment. Mucosal ingrowth and healing were rapid and there was no development of @entity850 or damage to underlying structures. Use of the Nd:Yag laser resulted in 10-20 mm of surrounding damage in animals sacrificed at 5 days. At 30 days posttreatment, there was mucosal healing but extreme underlying damage and redevelopment of @entity850 at the level of treatment. The @entity544 laser-treated animals showed thermal damage present up to 2 mm in depth from resected areas at 5 days post-treatment. Mucosal regeneration proceeded rapidly. This study indicates that electrosurgical and cryosurgical resection for experimental @entity5142 create minimal thermal damage and are associated with comparably acceptable rates of @entity33 and healing. The @entity544 laser created comparable to slightly decreased thermal damage but suffers at present from lack of optimal visualization of the subglottic lesion.

title: XXXX : histopathologic and bronchoscopic comparison of electrosurgical, cryosurgical, and laser resection.

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['Neodymium']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal ingrowth']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity5142 :: (MESH:D007829,Disease) :: ['Experimental subglottic stenosis']


abstract: 1. A study of nodal and terminal sprouting in fast and slow muscles of the @entity19 hind limb has been made using the @entity51154 and @entity3734 stain. 2. The terminal sprouting normally elicited by botulinum toxin injection can be prevented by regular and frequent direct electrical stimulation of the muscle fibres. But the number of end-plates innervated by nodal sprouts in partly denervated spinal preparations was not reduced by direct muscle stimulation. 3. In leg muscles given varying doses of botulinum toxin the amount of terminal sprouting was linearly related to the degree of @entity912 . In partly denervated muscles neither the amount of terminal sprouting nor the amount of nodal sprouting was correlated with the degree of denervation. 4. Partial denervation causes relatively more nodal sprouting in the fast muscles peroneus tertius and extensor digitorum longus than in the slower soleus muscle, which itself has considerably more terminal sprouting than the others. The fast muscles can develop as much terminal sprouting as the soleus only in response to full @entity912 with botulinum toxin. 5. No evidence could be found for a sprouting signal generated or spreading within the spinal cord. 6. It is concluded in confirmation of earlier work (Duchen _ Strich, 1968; Brown _ Ironton, 1977 a) that the source of the signal for terminal sprouting is denervated or otherwise inactivated muscle fibres, whose action is boosted by the presence of degenerating nervous tissues. It is suggested that fast muscles probably have less terminal sprouting when partly denervated than slow muscles (a) because of the longer time it takes a fast muscle to undergo the changes associated with inactivity and (b) because of their higher resistance to the effects of @entity528 . It does not seem that the signal for nodal sprouting comes from the muscle fibres but further experimentation is needed to establish this firmly.

title: Nodal and terminal sprouting from motor nerves in fast and slow muscles of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3734 :: ('MESH:D009993', 'Chemical') :: ['osmium tetroxide']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity51154 :: ('MESH:C029770', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc iodide']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['nerve degeneration']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Mechanical properties and drug sensitivity of the circular smooth muscle obtained from the muscularis mucosa of the gastroesophageal junction of the @entity840 were studied. Spontaneity was observed in strips of the tissue. Electrical stimulation (0.1 msec) produced large, rapid contractions which differed from twitch-like contractions produced in the outer circular muscle layer of the gastroesophageal junction. Responses of the smooth muscle of the muscularis mucosa were blocked by @entity3897 but not by @entity2899 . Repetitive stimulation induced an initial contraction followed by relaxation in a spontaneously active preparation. The initial contraction was blocked by @entity3897 and @entity1022 and the relaxation was inhibited by @entity1169 , @entity2997 and @entity1022 . @entity2661 , other than @entity3044 , raised the level of tone of preparations obtained from both the muscularis mucosa and the outer circular muscle layer. Responses of the circular smooth muscle were not influenced by @entity2661 . Excitatory effects of @entity2661 were completely blocked by alpha-blockers. @entity3044 inhibited responses and the action of @entity3044 was antagonized by @entity1169 . @entity934 was excitatory and the effect was antagonized by @entity3897 . These results suggest that there are two types of smooth muscle in the muscularis mucosa. In one type, adrenergic alpha-receptors are excitatory, beta-receptors inhibitory and cholinergic receptors are muscarinic. In the other type, adrenergic receptors are beta-inhibitory and cholinergic receptors are muscarinic. Circular smooth muscle of the muscularis mucosa seems to be innervated with excitatory cholinergic nerves and inhibitory adrenergic nerves. Responses of specific smooth muscle seem to be less sensitive to some of the drugs used.

title: Mechanical activity of the smooth muscle of the muscularis mucosa of the XXXX esophagus and drug actions.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprenaline', 'isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines', 'Catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine, in a 3-year clinical trial, whether tooth type and ferrule significantly affect the survival of @entity15296 restored with fiber posts. METHODS: A sample of 87 teeth in 87 @entity1 (32 @entity1 and 55 @entity1 , age ranged from 23 to 78) were restored using Snowpost: 34 incisors, 12 @entity235 , 25 premolars and 16 molars. The posts were cemented with RelyXUnicem and the core was made with a resin composite (Dentocore Automix). Every tooth was covered with a metal-ceramic or all ceramic crown. Two experimental groups, according to the presence or absence of ferrule, were defined: A) 45 teeth with ferrule (>2 mm height); and B) 42 teeth without ferrule (<2 mm height). @entity1 were reevaluated every 6 months. RESULTS: 14 of the total restorations failed (16.1%). The failure modes were @entity1547 (n=4), post @entity174 (n=4), root @entity174 (n=2), and marginal gap, post cement failure, crown cement failure, and @entity1548 (n= 1 respectively). In Group A the failure observed was 6.67% and in Group B it was 26.20%. The log-rank test showed statistically significant differences between both groups. According to the type of tooth, the incisors were the teeth with the highest failure rate (73.52%), but Chi-square test showed no statistically significant differences among the four tooth types, perhaps because of the low number of the sample.

title: Effect of tooth type and ferrule on the survival of XXXX restored with fiber posts: a 3-year clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['periapical lesion']

entities_list: @entity15296 :: ('MESH:D019553', 'Disease') :: ['pulpless teeth']

answer: @entity15296 :: (MESH:D019553,Disease) :: ['pulpless teeth']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity75 diagnosed during pregnancy is challenging to both obstetricians and neurosurgeons. In this study, a series of nine pregnant @entity1 were admitted to neurosurgery presenting with different @entity75 . OBJECTIVE: To establish guidelines for the management of @entity75 that present during pregnancy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical records of all pregnant @entity1 admitted for urgent care to King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) from 1995 to 2009. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 were multiparous, and one was primigravida, two were in the first trimester, and seven were in the second or third trimester. The mean age was 30.5 years. Six @entity1 had @entity1313 , while one @entity1 had @entity6551 , and two had aneurismal @entity510 ( @entity510 ). Three @entity1 completed a full term pregnancy following surgery. Two @entity1 had emergency caesarean section (CS) immediately followed by neurosurgery in the same session. Two @entity1 completed their pregnancies to full term and had craniotomies after delivery. Two @entity1 had therapeutic abortions followed by neurosurgery. No @entity532 were recorded in this series. CONCLUSION: The management of pregnant @entity1 with @entity75 should be individualised and multidisciplinary. As it is difficult to allocate a single, general treatment protocol to pregnant @entity1 with @entity75 , we suggest the following guidelines: for @entity1 in the second and early third trimesters, it is safe to perform a craniotomy first and allow the @entity1 to complete a full term pregnancy. For @entity1 at 34 weeks or more of gestation, emergency CS followed by a craniotomy is recommended. For @entity1 in the 1st trimester, it is advisable to terminate the pregnancy to allow safe management, although the laws governing this will vary from country to country. For @entity1 with @entity5 who respond to corticosteriods, it is possible to complete the pregnancy and postpone surgery until after delivery.

title: Management strategies for XXXX presenting during pregnancy: a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhages', 'SAH']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions', 'acute brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumours']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['maternal or foetal complications']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['acute brain lesions']


abstract: The onset of antidepressant action is vital clinically. This study aimed to testify whether early symptom improvement can predict eventual treatment response at week 6 among @entity308 hospitalized @entity1 taking @entity905 . One hundred thirty-one hospitalized @entity1 with major @entity308 received 20 mg/d of @entity905 for 6 weeks. Symptom severity was assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Stable response was defined as a reduction of 50% or more in the HAMD-17 total score at weeks 4 and 6 of treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the cutoff point of the percentage of HAMD-17 score reduction between stable responders and nonresponders at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. At weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, HAMD-17 score reductions of 25%, 39%, 43%, and 50% seemed to be the optimal cutoff points for predicting eventual response. They provided a sensitivity of 78%, 86%, 91%, and 93% and a specificity of 61%, 74%, 76%, and 92%. The percentage of HAMD-17 reduction at week 4 excellently predicted final response at week 6. @entity1 with less than a 50% symptom reduction during the first 4 weeks of treatment are unlikely to reach a final stable response. Whether this model can be applied to establish a prediction system for other antidepressants or for outpatients warrants further research.

title: Early prediction of @entity905 response for Han Chinese inpatients with major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorder']


abstract: The onset of antidepressant action is vital clinically. This study aimed to testify whether early symptom improvement can predict eventual treatment response at week 6 among @entity308 hospitalized @entity1 taking @entity905 . One hundred thirty-one hospitalized @entity1 with major @entity308 received 20 mg/d of @entity905 for 6 weeks. Symptom severity was assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Stable response was defined as a reduction of 50% or more in the HAMD-17 total score at weeks 4 and 6 of treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the cutoff point of the percentage of HAMD-17 score reduction between stable responders and nonresponders at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. At weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, HAMD-17 score reductions of 25%, 39%, 43%, and 50% seemed to be the optimal cutoff points for predicting eventual response. They provided a sensitivity of 78%, 86%, 91%, and 93% and a specificity of 61%, 74%, 76%, and 92%. The percentage of HAMD-17 reduction at week 4 excellently predicted final response at week 6. @entity1 with less than a 50% symptom reduction during the first 4 weeks of treatment are unlikely to reach a final stable response. Whether this model can be applied to establish a prediction system for other antidepressants or for outpatients warrants further research.

title: Early prediction of XXXX response for Han Chinese inpatients with major @entity308 .

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment of @entity2792 with drugs that directly target the renin-angiotensin system may compromise glomerular filtration and renal excretory function, leading to @entity177 . Centrally acting sympathoinhibitory agents also inhibit the renin-angiotensin system, so we determined whether this treatment modality alters renal excretory function in @entity95 with @entity2792 . METHODS: @entity95 were equipped with bilateral renal artery flow probes and a renal nerve electrode. @entity101 was induced with a renal artery clip (2K1C) or @entity95 were sham-clipped. After 2 weeks, a subcutaneous minipump was implanted to deliver @entity23189 (2.5 mg/kg per day) or vehicle for 3 weeks. Haemodynamic variables and renal function were studied under control conditions and during intravenous infusion of isotonic saline (154 mmol/l @entity1219 ) at increasing rates of 4, 12 and 36 ml/kg per hour. RESULTS: @entity551 ( @entity551 ) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were greater in 2K1C @entity95 than sham-clipped @entity95 , but total urine flow, @entity1372 excretion and glomerular filtration rate were similar in the two groups. In 2K1C @entity95 , @entity23189 reduced @entity551 to close to control levels and reduced RSNA (40%), but did not significantly alter basal renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow or @entity1372 excretion. The natriuretic response to isotonic saline load in 2K1C @entity95 was not significantly altered by @entity23189 . CONCLUSION: These observations show that chronic treatment of @entity95 with @entity2791 with a centrally acting sympathoinhibitory agent, despite normalizing @entity551 , does not compromise renal excretory function. Thus, this treatment modality may be particularly useful in @entity2792 .

title: Effects of chronic sympatho-inhibition on renal excretory function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity23189 :: ('MESH:C032302', 'Chemical') :: ['rilmenidine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Mean arterial pressure', 'MAP']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the percentage of cases of @entity3892 in @entity4806 @entity1 that is of bacterial cause and to identify factors that predict a positive urine culture. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity697 or @entity11570 in 1 @entity4806 emergency department for 11 years. Charts were reviewed for historical, physical, laboratory, and radiologic data. A positive urine culture was used to identify @entity1 with a bacterial cause of @entity3892 . RESULTS: A total of 160 @entity1 records were initially identified as having a diagnosis of @entity3892 ; of these, 20 met exclusion criteria or did not have records available for review and 140 cases of @entity3892 were reviewed. @entity1 ' age ranged from 2 months to 17 years, with a median age of 11 years. Of these @entity1 , 91% received empiric antibiotic therapy. Also, of these @entity1 , 97 (69%) had a urine culture sent, of whom 4 (4.1%; 95% confidence interval, 1.1%-10.2%) were positive. Of the 4 positive urine cultures, 3 had organisms not sensitive to usual empiric therapy for @entity293 . The @entity1 with positive urine cultures were not significantly different from the other @entity1 in age, maximum temperature, or number of white blood cells on urinalysis. CONCLUSIONS: Given the low incidence of @entity293 in @entity1 with @entity3892 , in prepubertal patients, antibiotic therapy can be reserved for young @entity1 and those with @entity4658 or positive urine cultures. Because it is difficult to predict which @entity1 will have a positive urine culture, urine cultures should be sent on all @entity4806 @entity1 with @entity3892 .

title: Are antibiotics necessary for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute epididymitis']

entities_list: @entity3892 :: ('MESH:D004823', 'Disease') :: ['epididymitis']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity11570 :: ('MESH:D009920', 'Disease') :: ['epididymo-orchitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity3892 :: (MESH:D004823,Disease) :: ['pediatric epididymitis']


abstract: One of the known causes of @entity101 is vascular compression on the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). However, it remains unknown whether @entity2850 causes the significant variability in blood pressure observed during acute @entity385 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in blood pressure variability and prognosis in acute @entity385 @entity1 based on the presence or absence of @entity2850 . We evaluated 56 @entity1 with acute @entity385 . Blood pressure was measured every 6 h for 72 h after admission and evaluated with successive variation (SV). The presence of @entity2850 was evaluated using time-of-flight 3D magnetic resonance imaging. Neurological severity was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) at admission and 14 days after admission, and clinical improvement was determined by taking the difference in the NIHSS scores between admission and at 14 days. @entity1 clinical outcome was evaluated with the modified Rankin scale on discharge. Vascular compression of the RVLM was identified in 15 @entity1 (26.8%). The proportion of @entity1 showing clinical improvement was significantly higher in the non-compression group (odds ratio, 0.21 (95% CI = 0.06-0.78); P = 0.01). The SV value for systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the compression group (P < 0.0001). We found that @entity1 with @entity2850 had a greater variability in blood pressure during the acute @entity385 phase, which may be related to poorer prognosis.

title: Blood pressure variability and prognosis in acute XXXX on the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['RVLM vascular compression']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke with vascular compression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurotrophic factors may be future therapeutic agents for @entity179 . In the screening of biologically active molecules for neurotrophic potency, we found that a photosensitizing @entity10502 dye, NK-4, had remarkable neurotrophic activities and was a potent radical scavenger. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we evaluated the effect of NK-4 on the protection of neurons against oxidative damage and investigated the associated intracellular signaling pathways. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of NK-4 in an animal model of @entity179 . In vitro, NK-4 showed dose-dependent protection of PC12 cells from @entity137 induced by oxidative stress caused by @entity273 ( @entity274 ) or @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ). Comparison of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways between treatment with NK-4 and @entity2137 ( @entity2137 ) using K252a, an inhibitor of the @entity2137 receptor @entity3249 , revealed that NK-4 activity occurs independently of @entity2137 receptors. @entity2306 , a @entity4357 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, blocked the protective effect of NK-4, and NK-4 caused activation of @entity2308 /protein kinase B, a downstream effector of PI3K. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of NK-4 are mediated by the PI3K- @entity2308 signaling pathway. NK-4 treatment also attenuated stress-induced activation of SAPK/JNK, which suggests that NK-4 activates a survival signaling pathway and inhibits stress-activated apoptotic pathways independently of the @entity3249 receptor in neuronal cells. In vivo, administration of NK-4 improved motor coordination in genetic ataxic hamsters, as assessed by rota-rod testing. Histological analysis showed that @entity76 was significantly attenuated by NK-4 treatment. Notably, the Purkinje cell count in the treated group was threefold higher than that in the vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that NK-4 is a potential agent for therapy for @entity179 based on the activation of survival signaling pathways.

title: Neurotrophic effects of a XXXX dye via the PI3K- @entity2308 pathway: attenuation of motor discoordination and @entity179 in an ataxic animal model.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disease', 'neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity10502 :: (CHEBI:52295,Chemical) :: ['cyanine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurotrophic factors may be future therapeutic agents for @entity179 . In the screening of biologically active molecules for neurotrophic potency, we found that a photosensitizing @entity10502 dye, NK-4, had remarkable neurotrophic activities and was a potent radical scavenger. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we evaluated the effect of NK-4 on the protection of neurons against oxidative damage and investigated the associated intracellular signaling pathways. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of NK-4 in an animal model of @entity179 . In vitro, NK-4 showed dose-dependent protection of PC12 cells from @entity137 induced by oxidative stress caused by @entity273 ( @entity274 ) or @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ). Comparison of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways between treatment with NK-4 and @entity2137 ( @entity2137 ) using K252a, an inhibitor of the @entity2137 receptor @entity3249 , revealed that NK-4 activity occurs independently of @entity2137 receptors. @entity2306 , a @entity4357 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, blocked the protective effect of NK-4, and NK-4 caused activation of @entity2308 /protein kinase B, a downstream effector of PI3K. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of NK-4 are mediated by the PI3K- @entity2308 signaling pathway. NK-4 treatment also attenuated stress-induced activation of SAPK/JNK, which suggests that NK-4 activates a survival signaling pathway and inhibits stress-activated apoptotic pathways independently of the @entity3249 receptor in neuronal cells. In vivo, administration of NK-4 improved motor coordination in genetic ataxic hamsters, as assessed by rota-rod testing. Histological analysis showed that @entity76 was significantly attenuated by NK-4 treatment. Notably, the Purkinje cell count in the treated group was threefold higher than that in the vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that NK-4 is a potential agent for therapy for @entity179 based on the activation of survival signaling pathways.

title: Neurotrophic effects of a @entity10502 dye via the PI3K- @entity2308 pathway: attenuation of motor discoordination and XXXX in an ataxic animal model.

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurotrophic factors may be future therapeutic agents for @entity179 . In the screening of biologically active molecules for neurotrophic potency, we found that a photosensitizing @entity10502 dye, NK-4, had remarkable neurotrophic activities and was a potent radical scavenger. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we evaluated the effect of NK-4 on the protection of neurons against oxidative damage and investigated the associated intracellular signaling pathways. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of NK-4 in an animal model of @entity179 . In vitro, NK-4 showed dose-dependent protection of PC12 cells from @entity137 induced by oxidative stress caused by @entity273 ( @entity274 ) or @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ). Comparison of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways between treatment with NK-4 and @entity2137 ( @entity2137 ) using K252a, an inhibitor of the @entity2137 receptor @entity3249 , revealed that NK-4 activity occurs independently of @entity2137 receptors. @entity2306 , a @entity4357 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, blocked the protective effect of NK-4, and NK-4 caused activation of @entity2308 /protein kinase B, a downstream effector of PI3K. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of NK-4 are mediated by the PI3K- @entity2308 signaling pathway. NK-4 treatment also attenuated stress-induced activation of SAPK/JNK, which suggests that NK-4 activates a survival signaling pathway and inhibits stress-activated apoptotic pathways independently of the @entity3249 receptor in neuronal cells. In vivo, administration of NK-4 improved motor coordination in genetic ataxic hamsters, as assessed by rota-rod testing. Histological analysis showed that @entity76 was significantly attenuated by NK-4 treatment. Notably, the Purkinje cell count in the treated group was threefold higher than that in the vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that NK-4 is a potential agent for therapy for @entity179 based on the activation of survival signaling pathways.

title: Neurotrophic effects of a @entity10502 dye via the PI3K- XXXX pathway: attenuation of motor discoordination and @entity179 in an ataxic animal model.

answer: @entity2308 :: (24185(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: A follow up study of 40 cases of optic chiasm @entity11 is presented. Histological examination was obtained in 26 cases. All were @entity162 . Four of these were @entity5150 , 17 chiasmatic @entity11 and 19 invasive @entity5 . The main clinical features are reviewed with special @entity4903 , including precocious puberty and @entity1640 emaciation. @entity4786 was present in 30%. Diagnostic difficulties are outlined, especially in @entity5 without optic nerve involvement: event with C T scan, the differential diagnosis with @entity979 , @entity976 and primary @entity2339 , may be difficult. The operative mortality was 12% (3/25). All but one, had radiotherapy either alone or post operative. All four of the @entity1 with unilateral @entity5150 have a normal C T scan more than 10 years after treatment. Of the 17 @entity1 with chiasmatic @entity11 , 14 are alive with normal C T scan in 2 cases, and with reduction in size of the @entity5 in 7. Eleven of 19 @entity1 with @entity3 are alive with diminished size of the @entity5 in 7. Improvement in visual acuity, reduction in size of @entity5 mass, persistent increase in size of non irradiated @entity5 and lack of recurrence of @entity5150 even with histological proven chiasmatic involvement is taken as evidence of the effect of radiotherapy. The sub frontal approach is emphasized for optic nerve and optic chiasm @entity5 : it provides direct surgical verification with the opportunity for complete removal, large biopsy, decompression of the optic foramina or cyst removal. @entity4903 , radiotherapy is discussed in @entity1 . If necessary it must be managed under careful evaluation of endocrine status, principally growth function.

title: [Optic chiasm XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar spongioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['diencephalic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'optohypothalamic tumors', 'chiasmatic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pinealomas']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5150 :: ('MESH:D020339', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve glioma', 'optic nerve gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive gliomas']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['Regarding secondary endocrine disorders', 'attention to endocrine disorders']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: The role of @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) has been well documented in the pathogenesis of @entity7271 ( @entity7271 ). Activation of plasminogen into active @entity563 protease @entity1351 initiates extracellular proteolysis leading to acantholysis but the mechanisms underlying this process are not clearly understood. We have previously shown that keratinocyte derived cytokines @entity1192 and @entity310 are involved in @entity7271 -induced acantholysis. In the present study we sought to examine whether keratinocyte-derived @entity1192 and @entity310 are correlated with @entity2290 induction in keratinocytes during acantholysis. Normal @entity1 keratinocytes were incubated with diluted @entity7271 serum. mRNAs for @entity1192 , @entity310 and @entity2290 were examined with RT-PCR at various time points and acantholysis was measured. @entity1192 , @entity310 and @entity2290 mRNAs were all induced in keratinocytes following @entity7271 serum stimulation; @entity1192 / @entity310 mRNAs' expression was earlier than the expression of @entity2290 mRNA. To further examine the role of @entity1192 , @entity310 and @entity2290 in acantholysis, we performed antibody blocking studies. Anti- @entity1192 , anti- @entity310 and anti- @entity2290 antibodies suppressed acantholysis by 76%, 80% and 90%, respectively. In addition, anti- @entity1192 and anti- @entity310 antibodies inhibited @entity2290 mRNA induction, whereas anti- @entity2290 antibodies did not alter @entity1192 / @entity310 mRNAs' expression. Our results confirm the role of @entity2290 in acantholysis and suggest an involvement of @entity1192 / @entity310 in @entity2290 induction.

title: Urokinase plasminogen activator mRNA is induced by @entity1192 and XXXX in in vitro acantholysis.

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris', 'PV']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: The role of @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) has been well documented in the pathogenesis of @entity7271 ( @entity7271 ). Activation of plasminogen into active @entity563 protease @entity1351 initiates extracellular proteolysis leading to acantholysis but the mechanisms underlying this process are not clearly understood. We have previously shown that keratinocyte derived cytokines @entity1192 and @entity310 are involved in @entity7271 -induced acantholysis. In the present study we sought to examine whether keratinocyte-derived @entity1192 and @entity310 are correlated with @entity2290 induction in keratinocytes during acantholysis. Normal @entity1 keratinocytes were incubated with diluted @entity7271 serum. mRNAs for @entity1192 , @entity310 and @entity2290 were examined with RT-PCR at various time points and acantholysis was measured. @entity1192 , @entity310 and @entity2290 mRNAs were all induced in keratinocytes following @entity7271 serum stimulation; @entity1192 / @entity310 mRNAs' expression was earlier than the expression of @entity2290 mRNA. To further examine the role of @entity1192 , @entity310 and @entity2290 in acantholysis, we performed antibody blocking studies. Anti- @entity1192 , anti- @entity310 and anti- @entity2290 antibodies suppressed acantholysis by 76%, 80% and 90%, respectively. In addition, anti- @entity1192 and anti- @entity310 antibodies inhibited @entity2290 mRNA induction, whereas anti- @entity2290 antibodies did not alter @entity1192 / @entity310 mRNAs' expression. Our results confirm the role of @entity2290 in acantholysis and suggest an involvement of @entity1192 / @entity310 in @entity2290 induction.

title: Urokinase plasminogen activator mRNA is induced by XXXX and @entity310 in in vitro acantholysis.

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['IL-1alpha']


abstract: The Kyushu Hematology Organization for Treatment Study Group (K-HOT) consisted of 22 institutions specializing in hematology in Kyushu. This study is aimed at reviewing the daily practice of infection control for the treatment of @entity1583 in our group. Nominal questionnaires were mailed to the hematology department in each institution from November 2001 to April 2002. For the first general surveys, 19 of 22 (86%) institutions responded. The second survey was mailed to the 19 respondents and 17 answered the detailed questionnaires with a response rate of 89%. Prophylactic use of @entity799 (ST) against @entity19141 carinii and anti-mycobacterial drugs in @entity1 who had a history of @entity378 was routine especially for @entity1 with @entity6494 ( @entity6494 ). Furthermore, the neutrophil counts to start a @entity1261 appeared to be high in @entity6494 as compared with other @entity1583 . In the setting of autologous @entity8 ( @entity8 ), prophylactic use of @entity1033 , immunoglobulin and ST was not routine and was reduced in duration, if used at all, as compared with allogeneic @entity8 . For allogeneic @entity8 , the cumulative dose of immunoglobulin significantly varied from institutions to institutions. The benefit of this study is the ability to recognize practical management patterns for infection control.

title: [Infection control for the treatment of XXXX : a survey of the Kyushu Hematology Organization for Treatment Study Group (K-HOT)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma', 'ATL']

entities_list: @entity19141 :: ('MESH:D016720', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological malignancies']


abstract: This study was planned in order to determine the fungal spores in the air of inside the homes of @entity748 @entity1 living in Isparta (from southwest region of @entity233 ). The seasonal properties of mold spores in the air of homes of 24 @entity748 and 14 control subjects living in the city of Isparta over a period of one year were investigated. Viable molds were recovered from all 38 houses. Twenty different molds were isolated and identified from the indoor air of the houses in which @entity748 @entity1 and controls lived. The most common isolated genera were Penicillium @entity5645 . (27.9%), followed by Cladosporium @entity5645 . (26.3%), Aspergillus @entity5645 . (14.7%) and Alternaria @entity5645 . (13.1%) in the indoor air of the houses of @entity748 @entity1 . No differences in colony numbers were observed between asthmatics and control groups. The percentage of molds was higher in kitchens than other parts of the houses such as living rooms and bedrooms (p < 0.05). A seasonal variety of the fungal flora in Isparta city region was observed. It is concluded that viable molds are common in houses in Isparta. Reducing indoor molds may improve the health of individuals with @entity364 like @entity565 .

title: Molds in the homes of @entity748 @entity1 in Isparta, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal-induced diseases']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: This study was planned in order to determine the fungal spores in the air of inside the homes of @entity748 @entity1 living in Isparta (from southwest region of @entity233 ). The seasonal properties of mold spores in the air of homes of 24 @entity748 and 14 control subjects living in the city of Isparta over a period of one year were investigated. Viable molds were recovered from all 38 houses. Twenty different molds were isolated and identified from the indoor air of the houses in which @entity748 @entity1 and controls lived. The most common isolated genera were Penicillium @entity5645 . (27.9%), followed by Cladosporium @entity5645 . (26.3%), Aspergillus @entity5645 . (14.7%) and Alternaria @entity5645 . (13.1%) in the indoor air of the houses of @entity748 @entity1 . No differences in colony numbers were observed between asthmatics and control groups. The percentage of molds was higher in kitchens than other parts of the houses such as living rooms and bedrooms (p < 0.05). A seasonal variety of the fungal flora in Isparta city region was observed. It is concluded that viable molds are common in houses in Isparta. Reducing indoor molds may improve the health of individuals with @entity364 like @entity565 .

title: Molds in the homes of XXXX @entity1 in Isparta, @entity233 .

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: This study was planned in order to determine the fungal spores in the air of inside the homes of @entity748 @entity1 living in Isparta (from southwest region of @entity233 ). The seasonal properties of mold spores in the air of homes of 24 @entity748 and 14 control subjects living in the city of Isparta over a period of one year were investigated. Viable molds were recovered from all 38 houses. Twenty different molds were isolated and identified from the indoor air of the houses in which @entity748 @entity1 and controls lived. The most common isolated genera were Penicillium @entity5645 . (27.9%), followed by Cladosporium @entity5645 . (26.3%), Aspergillus @entity5645 . (14.7%) and Alternaria @entity5645 . (13.1%) in the indoor air of the houses of @entity748 @entity1 . No differences in colony numbers were observed between asthmatics and control groups. The percentage of molds was higher in kitchens than other parts of the houses such as living rooms and bedrooms (p < 0.05). A seasonal variety of the fungal flora in Isparta city region was observed. It is concluded that viable molds are common in houses in Isparta. Reducing indoor molds may improve the health of individuals with @entity364 like @entity565 .

title: Molds in the homes of @entity748 XXXX in Isparta, @entity233 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effect on intrasac pressure of stent-graft deployment within a life-size @entity1346 rubber model of an @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) maintained under physiological conditions of pressure and flow. METHODS: A commercial bifurcated device with the @entity2635 fabric preclotted with gelatin was deployed in the @entity1028 model. A pump system generated physiological flow. Mean and pulse aortic and intrasac pressures were measured simultaneously using pressure transducers. To simulate a type I endoleak, plastic tubing was placed between the aortic wall and the stent-graft at the proximal anchoring site. @entity1070 was simulated by means of side branches with set inflow and outflow pressures and perfusion rates. @entity1070 was replicated by removal of gelatin from the graft fabric. RESULTS: With no endoleak, the coated graft reduced the mean and pulse sac pressures to negligible values. When a type I endoleak was present, mean sac pressure reached a value similar to mean aortic pressure. When net flow through the sac due to a @entity1070 was present, mean sac pressure was a function of the inlet pressure, while pulse pressure in the sac was dependent on both inlet and outlet pressures. As perfusion rates increased, both mean and pulse sac pressures decreased. When there was no outflow, mean sac pressure was similar to mean aortic pressure. In the presence of both @entity196 , mean sac pressure reached mean aortic pressure when the net perfusion rate was low. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro studies are useful in gaining an understanding of the impact of different types of endoleaks, in isolation and in combination, on intrasac pressure after aortic stent-graft deployment.

title: Modeling endoleaks and collateral reperfusion following endovascular XXXX exclusion.

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['Type IV endoleak', 'Type II endoleak', 'type II endoleak']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['type I and type II endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['AAA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1569 have significant impairment in their quality of life (QoL). Several @entity1 -completed instruments are available to measure outcome in dermatological conditions but these primarily focus on severity of disease rather than on QoL. OBJECTIVES: To develop a new instrument specifically designed to measure QoL in @entity1569 -the Psoriasis Index of Quality of Life (PSORIQoL). METHODS: The content of the instrument was derived from qualitative interviews with 62 @entity1569 @entity1 in the U.K., Italy and the Netherlands. Content analysis of the interview transcripts from the three countries identified potential items for the questionnaire. All further stages of the project were conducted in the U.K. only. Face and content validity were determined by means of a focus group held with seven @entity1569 @entity1 and face-to-face interviews with a further 21 @entity1 . A new draft version of the PSORIQoL, together with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the General Well-Being Index (GWBI), were completed by a new sample of @entity1569 @entity1 contacted by mail, in order to determine construct validity. A subsample of the respondents completed a similar package 2 weeks later, to assess reproducibility (reliability). RESULTS: The first version of the PSORIQoL consisted of 61 items covering the needs identified in the interviews as having been affected by @entity1569 or its treatment. These included fear of negative reactions from others, self-consciousness and poor self-confidence, problems with socialization, physical contact and intimacy, limitations on personal freedom and impaired relaxation, sleep and emotional stability. Following the focus group and field-test interviews, a new draft measure consisting of 45 items was completed by 148 @entity1 , 88 of whom completed and returned a similar package 2 weeks later. Application of Rasch analysis identified a final 25-item version of the PSORIQoL. This version had a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.89, indicating good reproducibility. The levels of association with the DLQI and PGWB indicated that the PSORIQoL measures a related but distinct construct. CONCLUSIONS: The PSORIQoL appears to be a practical, reliable and valid instrument for measuring the impact of @entity1569 on QoL. It remains necessary to establish the instrument's responsiveness to changes in QoL associated with treatment.

title: Development of the PSORIQoL, a XXXX -specific measure of quality of life designed for use in clinical practice and trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There continues to be a need to develop new pharmacological approaches for treating the common @entity272 . @entity1 skin produces parathyroid hormone related peptide. This peptide is a potent inhibitor of epidermal cell growth. OBJECTIVES: A programme was initiated to determine whether an agonist of this peptide's receptor, PTH (1-34), could be developed as a drug to treat @entity1569 . METHODS: PTH (1-34) was formulated in Novasome A cream. Fifteen adult @entity1 with chronic @entity1569 who had failed to respond to at least one standard treatment were enrolled in a randomized double-blinded placebo self-controlled trial. The @entity1 topically applied to a 25-cm2 psoriatic lesion 0.1 g of either Novasome A cream or Novasome A cream that contained 20 microg of PTH (1-34) twice a day for 2 months. At the end of the double-blind study, @entity1 were enrolled in an open large area study. Ten @entity1 applied PTH (1-34) (50 microg per 0.1 g) once daily to their psoriatic lesions. The @entity1 were evaluated for their global improvement and @entity460 metabolism. RESULTS: Novasome A cream enhanced the percutaneous absorption of PTH (1-34) in @entity1 skin in comparison with formulations in @entity2771 or normal saline. Psoriatic lesions treated with PTH (1-34) showed marked improvement in scaling, erythema and induration. There was a 67.3% improvement in the global severity score for the lesion treated with PTH (1-34) compared with the placebo-treated lesion, which only showed a 17.8% improvement. Ten @entity1 topically applied PTH (1-34) on all of their lesions in a stepwise manner. A Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score analysis of all the @entity1 revealed improvement of 42.6% (P < 0.02). None of the @entity1 experienced hypercalcaemia or @entity5200 or developed any side-effect to the medication. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who were resistant to at least one standard therapy for @entity1569 had a remarkable improvement in their @entity1569 when they applied PTH (1-34) to their lesion(s). No untoward @entity137 was observed in any of the subjects. This pilot study suggests that topical PTH (1-34) is a safe and effective novel therapy for @entity1569 .

title: Topical PTH (1-34) is a novel, safe and effective treatment for XXXX : a randomized self-controlled trial and an open trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report on the 15-year @entity263 experience of our @entity5464 clinic established in 1996 at the National @entity5 Institute (NCI) -designated Jefferson Kimmel @entity5 Center. @entity1 with @entity5464 were evaluated weekly by multiple specialists at a single site, and we focus on the 83% of @entity1 with @entity263 . To our knowledge, our @entity5464 clinic is the longest continuously operating center of its kind at an NCI @entity5 Center in the United States. METHODS: Data from Jefferson's Oncology Data Services were compared to SEER @entity263 outcomes. Data on treatment changes in localized disease, @entity1 satisfaction, and related parameters were also assessed. RESULTS: Ten-year survival data approach 100% in stage I and @entity263 . Ten-year data for stage III (T3 N0M0) and stage IV (T4 N0M0) disease show that our institutional survival rate exceeds SEER. There is a shift toward robotically assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and a slight decrease in brachytherapy relative to external beam radiation therapy in localized disease. @entity1 satisfaction is high as measured by survey instruments. CONCLUSION: Our long-term experience suggests a benefit of the multidisciplinary clinic approach to @entity263 , most pronounced for high-risk, locally advanced disease. A high level of satisfaction with this @entity1 -centered model is seen. The multidisciplinary clinic approach to @entity263 may enhance outcomes and possibly reduce treatment regret through a coordinated presentation of all therapeutic options. This clinic model serves as an interdisciplinary educational tool for @entity1 , their families, and our trainees and supports clinical trial participation.

title: Enhancing XXXX care through the multidisciplinary clinic approach: a 15-year experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5464 :: ('MESH:D014565', 'Disease') :: ['multidisciplinary genitourinary cancer', 'genitourinary cancers']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['II prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity17555 is a rare infection, and it has rarely been reported after @entity1503 . In this report, we describe a fatal case of @entity17555 in a @entity1 who received antibiotics and corticoids after an @entity1503 intended to be an autologous @entity1503 . A 64-year-old @entity1 suffering from herniation of intervertebral disk between C4 and C5 received an anterior cervical spinal fusion. After the operation, he received @entity1503 and fell into disseminated @entity5642 (DIC) and preshock state. Anticoagulants and corticoids were given and he recovered from DIC and the preshock state. However, he remained quadriplegic because of @entity4282 that was initially brought out by the operation. He developed bacterial @entity3127 2 weeks after the transfusion and received antibiotic therapy. The @entity55 was cured a week later. Five weeks after the transfusion, he developed @entity55 and received antimycotic therapy. However, his condition grew worse and died 2 months after the transfusion. Autopsy revealed @entity17555 . In this case, the relationship between the erroneous transfusion and the @entity1 's @entity204 was obvious and it was considered that the erroneous transfusion should be blamed for the @entity1 's @entity204 .

title: Fatal XXXX after @entity1503 intended to be an autologous @entity1503 .

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of cervical epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity17555 :: ('MESH:C535390', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus pancarditis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus pneumonia', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood transfusion', 'incompatible blood transfusion']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

answer: @entity17555 :: (MESH:C535390,Disease) :: ['Aspergillus pancarditis']


abstract: @entity17555 is a rare infection, and it has rarely been reported after @entity1503 . In this report, we describe a fatal case of @entity17555 in a @entity1 who received antibiotics and corticoids after an @entity1503 intended to be an autologous @entity1503 . A 64-year-old @entity1 suffering from herniation of intervertebral disk between C4 and C5 received an anterior cervical spinal fusion. After the operation, he received @entity1503 and fell into disseminated @entity5642 (DIC) and preshock state. Anticoagulants and corticoids were given and he recovered from DIC and the preshock state. However, he remained quadriplegic because of @entity4282 that was initially brought out by the operation. He developed bacterial @entity3127 2 weeks after the transfusion and received antibiotic therapy. The @entity55 was cured a week later. Five weeks after the transfusion, he developed @entity55 and received antimycotic therapy. However, his condition grew worse and died 2 months after the transfusion. Autopsy revealed @entity17555 . In this case, the relationship between the erroneous transfusion and the @entity1 's @entity204 was obvious and it was considered that the erroneous transfusion should be blamed for the @entity1 's @entity204 .

title: Fatal @entity17555 after XXXX intended to be an autologous @entity1503 .

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['incompatible blood transfusion']


abstract: @entity17555 is a rare infection, and it has rarely been reported after @entity1503 . In this report, we describe a fatal case of @entity17555 in a @entity1 who received antibiotics and corticoids after an @entity1503 intended to be an autologous @entity1503 . A 64-year-old @entity1 suffering from herniation of intervertebral disk between C4 and C5 received an anterior cervical spinal fusion. After the operation, he received @entity1503 and fell into disseminated @entity5642 (DIC) and preshock state. Anticoagulants and corticoids were given and he recovered from DIC and the preshock state. However, he remained quadriplegic because of @entity4282 that was initially brought out by the operation. He developed bacterial @entity3127 2 weeks after the transfusion and received antibiotic therapy. The @entity55 was cured a week later. Five weeks after the transfusion, he developed @entity55 and received antimycotic therapy. However, his condition grew worse and died 2 months after the transfusion. Autopsy revealed @entity17555 . In this case, the relationship between the erroneous transfusion and the @entity1 's @entity204 was obvious and it was considered that the erroneous transfusion should be blamed for the @entity1 's @entity204 .

title: Fatal @entity17555 after @entity1503 intended to be an autologous XXXX .

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood transfusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical data for @entity1 with @entity6 with reference to their location and clinical care in a general practice in Australia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 data were extracted from a general practice in Western Australia. Iterative data-cleansing steps were taken. Data were grouped into Statistical Area level 1 (SA1), designated as the smallest geographical area associated with the Census of Population and Housing. The data were analysed to identify if SA1s with @entity1 aged 70   years and older, and with relatively high glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were significantly clustered, and whether this was associated with their medical consultation rate and treatment. The analysis included Cluster and Outlier Analysis using Moran's I test. RESULTS: The overall median age of the population was 70   years with more males than females, 53% and 47%, respectively. Older @entity1 (>70   years) with relatively high @entity4051 c comprised 9.3% of all @entity1 with @entity6 in the sample, and were clustered around two 'hotspot' locations. These 111 @entity1 do not attend the practice more or less often than @entity1 with @entity6 living elsewhere in the practice (p=0.098). There was some evidence that they were more likely to be recorded as having consulted with regard to other @entity102 . The average number of prescribed medicines over a 13-month time period, per @entity1 in the hotspots, was 4.6 compared with 5.1 in other locations (p=0.26). Their prescribed therapy was deemed to be consistent with the management of @entity1 with @entity6 in other locations with reference to the relevant @entity6 guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Older @entity1 with relatively high HbA1c are clustered in two locations within the practice area. Their hyperglycaemia and ongoing cardiovascular risk indicates causes other than therapeutic inertia. The causes may be related to the social determinants of health, which are influenced by geography.

title: Impact of geography on the control of XXXX : a review of geocoded clinical data from general practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the utility of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in @entity1 with unruptured @entity438 (UIA) detected on noninvasive imaging, such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). The follow-up of @entity1 with untreated UIAs involves serial imaging; however, this diagnosis may be based on false positive (FP) results. We examined the incidence of FPs in our institutional series. METHODS: DSAs performed at our institution from January 2011 to June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed and @entity1 referred with UIA detected on noninvasive imaging were selected. Clinical presentation as well as @entity439 location, size, and number reported on DSA and noninvasive imaging were assessed. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty six @entity1 (mean age 56.8 years, female 74.8%) with a total of 355 UIA were included. Thirty-one @entity1 had a symptomatic presentation. Analysis per @entity1 showed the pooled FP rate of noninvasive imaging was 15%. MRA FP was 13% (22/171) and CTA FP was 18% (22/120). FP increased significantly with @entity439 size < 3.5 mm on MRA (P < 0.001) and <4.0 mm on CTA (P = 0.01). Mean @entity439 size among symptomatic @entity1 was significantly larger (P < 0.001) as compared to the incidental group (17.8 vs. 7.7 mm). No location was significantly susceptible to false detection of @entity439 . CONCLUSION: DSA detection of FP UIA diagnosed on noninvasive imaging is significantly higher for @entity439 <4.0 mm. Accurate diagnosis with DSA may eliminate the need for further follow-up and its associated negative psychological and economic effects. Within the limitations of this retrospective study, we conclude that DSA has a diagnostic role in small @entity439 detected on noninvasive imaging.

title: Detection of unruptured XXXX on noninvasive imaging. Is there still a role for digital subtraction angiography?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Laparoscopic gastric bypass is a recently introduced treatment option for morbid @entity28 , with promising initial results. Stenosis of the gastroenterostomy is a recognized complication. The efficacy and safety of @entity384 for the management of this type of @entity850 has not been studied. @entity1 AND METHODS: 450 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass at our institution were followed prospectively. All @entity1 had a 15 ml gastric pouch and either a 75 cm or 150 cm jejunal Roux limb depending on whether @entity28 was morbid (body mass index (BMI) < 50 kg/m 2) or super-morbid (BMI > 50 kg/m 2). @entity1 who developed symptoms compatible with stenosis of the gastrojejunostomy were referred for upper @entity344 . RESULTS: 14 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 and three @entity1 , underwent a total of 27 endoscopies, with 23 balloon dilations. Their average age was 46 years (range 33 - 59 years), average preoperative BMI was 47 kg/m 2, and they presented an average of 2.7 months after surgery (range 0.3 - 15.7 months). Of the 14 @entity1 , 13 had a stricture of the gastrojejunostomy and one @entity1 had @entity4 . For initial dilation, a 15 mm hydrostatic balloon was used in 12 @entity1 and an 18 mm balloon in two @entity1 . There was response to treatment with the 15 mm balloon in seven of the 12 @entity1 (58 %), and they required no further dilation; in one there was a response to a further 15 mm @entity384 ; in three @entity1 a response to subsequent 18 mm @entity384 ; and one @entity1 required 18 mm and 25 mm balloon dilations. The two @entity1 treated with an initial 18 mm @entity384 required no further dilations. The average length of follow-up after successful dilation was 18 months (range 7 - 30 months). There were no complications with any of the 23 dilations performed. CONCLUSION: Stenosis of the gastroenterostomy after laparoscopic gastric bypass occurred in 3.1 % of the @entity1 in this series. It can be successfully and safely treated with @entity384 with good long-term follow-up.

title: XXXX of gastroenteric anastomotic stricture after laparoscopic gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation', 'endoscopic balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Endoscopic balloon dilation']


abstract: AIM: To assess the diagnostic value of the risk of @entity5 indices and simple ultrasound- based rules in preoperative differentiation of @entity4134 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective examination of 87 @entity1 admitted to hospital due to @entity5 . The lesions were evaluated on the basis of international ultrasound classification of @entity43 and four risk of @entity5 indices were calculated based on ultrasound examination, concentration of @entity10224 and menopausal status. RESULTS: The @entity1 were aged between 17 and 79, the mean age was 44.5 (standard deviation SD=16.6). Most of the @entity1 (60.91%) were before their menopause. The sensitivity of the simple ultrasound-based rules in the diagnosis of @entity5 equaled 64.71% and the specificity constituted 90.00%. A significant statistical difference in the presence of the malignant process was demonstrated in relation to age, menopausal status, @entity10224 concentration and analyzed ultrasound score. All indices were characterized by similar sensitivity and specificity. The highest specificity and predictive value of malignant lesions out of the assessed ones was demonstrated by the risk of @entity5 index proposed by Yamamoto. The risk of @entity5 index according to Jacobs, however, showed the highest predictive value in the case of non-malignant lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The multiparametric ultrasound examination may facilitate the selection of @entity1 with @entity5 to provide them with an appropriate treatment - observation, laparotomy and laparoscopy. These parameters constitute a simple ambulatory method of determining the character of @entity4134 before recommending appropriate treatment.

title: Diagnostic value of ultrasound indicators of neoplastic risk in preoperative differentiation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal masses']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal tumors', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['adnexal masses']


abstract: Neurotrophins interact with two distinct classes of cell-surface receptors, the @entity2250 receptor @entity669 kinase family and the common @entity2252 receptor @entity3647 ( @entity13714 ). For many years, the biological role of @entity3647 ( @entity13714 ) remained obscure, being relegated to modulating @entity2250 binding of neurotrophins. Recently, the importance of @entity3647 ( @entity13714 ) as a signaling receptor in itself has become increasingly clear. The signals initiated by @entity3647 ( @entity13714 ) are likely to be as complex as those for the @entity2250 family and probably depend on the cell system in which such signaling is being studied. In this study, all members of the @entity2252 family were demonstrated to be capable of stimulating @entity3647 ( @entity13714 )-mediated activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family ( @entity1366 ). This activation is rapid and transient, peaking at 5-15 min, depending on the cell system. The classical MAPK cascade consists of the reaction series Ras-Raf-MEK-MAPK. The @entity3647 ( @entity13714 )-induced MAPK activation is MEK dependent but Raf independent. This result implies that @entity2252 activation of @entity3647 ( @entity13714 ) results in some cascade (as yet unknown) that bypasses Raf and converges on MEK to result in activation of MAPK. This activated MAPK is then able to translocate to the nucleus. The effect of this MAPK activation on cell survival is dependent on cell type. These results support the concept that signaling from the @entity3647 is more diverse and extensive than previously believed.

title: Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway through p75NTR: a common mechanism for the XXXX family.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['neurotrophin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of the study was to present our experience with endocranial fixation using the Resorb-X mesh (KLS Martin, Jacksonville, FL) in frontoorbital reconstruction. A retrospective review of all @entity1 underwent frontoorbital advancement at our institution from 2003 to 2012 was performed. Inclusion criterion included: pediatric @entity1 who underwent frontoorbital advancement for @entity91 ; @entity1 underwent treatment of the @entity91 only at our center; resorbable fixation devises were applied only endocranially; and follow-up was >= 2 years. @entity1 ' evaluation included @entity260 , surgical outcomes, and postoperative computed tomographic imaging if accessible. Thirty-nine @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Resorbable plates were used in 16 @entity1 and Resorb-X mesh in 23 @entity1 . Observed complications were unrelated to the fixation system used. Resorption of fixation devices was evident in all @entity1 after 20 months following reconstruction. There were no incidents of local reaction to the fixation system. Frontoorbital area contour was deemed good in 24 @entity1 and excellent in 15 @entity1 by both families and attending surgeon. There was a statistical significant difference (P=0.030) between @entity1  <=12 months and >12 months regarding the complications rate. Endocranial fixation using the Resorb-X mesh is easily applicable, avoids material palpability, and provides stable and secure fixation. This technique is superior to the conventional endocranial osseous fixation with absorbable plates, as it avoids some of its possible complications while providing all the benefits of resorbable fixation.

title: The Role of Resorbable Mesh as a Fixation Device in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['demographic information, postoperative complications']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['Craniosynostosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: There are relatively few studies regarding the incidence of post-colonoscopy @entity14 (PCCRC) in Asian countries. We evaluated the characteristics of PCCRC in average-risk Korean subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included subjects who were >= 50 years of age and had undergone a first completed colonoscopy between January 2001 and December 2004, at which no baseline @entity652 had been detected, followed by a second colonoscopy 1-5 years later. The incidences and characteristics of advanced @entity5 in these subjects were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 343 subjects underwent follow-up colonoscopy within 5 years. Seventy-three (21.3%) subjects were found to have at least one @entity652 on follow-up colonoscopy. Advanced @entity652 was found in eight (2.3%) subjects, and non-advanced @entity652 were found in 65 (19.0%). Five (1.5%) subjects were diagnosed with invasive @entity14 following a normal colonoscopy. The putative reason for PCCRCs was missed lesions in two (40.0%) subjects and a new @entity5 in three (60.0%). CONCLUSION: The risk of advanced @entity5 (including PCCRCs) within 5 years after a normal baseline colonoscopy in our cohort was not low. Considering that 40% of PCCRCs were attributable to missed lesions, our results emphasize the need for technical improvement of colonoscopic examinations to improve @entity652 .

title: Post-colonoscopy XXXX in average-risk Korean subjects with a normal initial colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma detection', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: @entity5513 are slow-growing @entity5 of the myelin-forming cells that cover cranial nerve @entity797 . The treatment options for @entity1 with @entity5513 include active observation, surgical management, and radiotherapy. However, the optimal treatment choice remains controversial. We have reviewed the available data and summarized the radiotherapeutic options, including single-session stereotactic radiosurgery, fractionated conventional radiotherapy, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, and proton beam therapy. The comparisons of the various radiotherapy modalities have been based on single-institution experiences, which have shown excellent @entity5 control rates of 91-100%. Both stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy have successfully improved cranial nerve V and VII preservation to >95%. The mixed data regarding the ideal hearing preservation therapy, inherent biases in @entity1 selection, and differences in outcome analysis have made the comparison across radiotherapeutic modalities difficult. Early experience using proton therapy for @entity5513 treatment demonstrated local control rates of 84-100% but disappointing hearing preservation rates of 33-42%. Efforts to improve radiotherapy delivery will focus on refined dosimetry with the goal of reducing the dose to the critical structures. As future randomized trials are unlikely, we suggest regimented pre- and post-treatment assessments, including validated evaluations of cranial nerves V, VII, and @entity797 , and quality of life assessments with long-term prospective follow-up. The results from such trials will enhance the understanding of therapy outcomes and improve our ability to inform @entity1 .

title: Radiotherapy for XXXX : a critical review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannoma', 'Vestibular schwannomas']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Biomimetic materials were developed to regulate stem cell behaviour. We have analyzed the influence of @entity4351 ( @entity4351 ) films, functionalized with adhesive peptides derived from fibronectin (pFibro) or bone sialoprotein (pBSP), on the response of @entity19 multipotent C3H10T1/2 cells to @entity15864 ( @entity15864 ) and its derived peptides (pBMP-9 and SpBMP-9). @entity4351 -pFibro promoted better cell cytoskeleton organization and faster focal adhesion kinase activation than did @entity4351 -pBSP. @entity4351 -pFibro also promoted MAPK signalling to improve the cell response to @entity15864 by inactivating @entity8837 and stimulating @entity1995 and @entity14032 . @entity15864 , pBMP-9 and SpBMP-9 induced greater phosphorylation of @entity8386 /8 in cells attached to @entity4351 -pFibro than in cells on @entity4351 -pBSP. These phosphorylated @entity39040 were translocated to the nucleus. @entity15864 and its derived peptides restored the phosphorylation of @entity14032 in cells on @entity4351 -pBSP, but it remained less phosphorylated than in cells on @entity4351 -pFibro stimulated with pBMP-9 and SpBMP-9. Cells attached to @entity4351 -pFibro contained more @entity2447 , essential for stem cell commitment to become osteoblasts, than did cells on @entity4351 -pBSP when incubated with @entity15864 and its derived peptides. @entity2447 was no longer detected when the cells were pre-treated with @entity14032 inhibitor. Therefore pFibro plus @entity15864 and its derived peptides may be a promising strategy to develop biomimetic materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterials functionalized with adhesive peptides to favour bone repair have generated a great interest over the past decade. However, the effect of these materials on the ability of cells to respond to growth factors remains poorly known. One major growth factor subfamily involved in bone formation is the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). However, these BMPs are expensive. We therefore developed less costly derived molecules. We showed how adhesive peptides derived from bone matrix proteins grafted onto polymer films affect the intracellular signalling and thus the ability of stem cells to be activated by BMP and its derived molecules. We have therefore identified a combination of bioactive polymers and BMP molecules that direct the stem cells towards bone forming cells.

title: Modulation of MAPK signalling by immobilized adhesive peptides: Effect on stem cell response to XXXX -derived peptides.

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['polycaprolactone', 'PCL']

answer: @entity15864 :: (12165(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['BMP-9']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Drug resistance remains the major clinical barrier to successful treatment in @entity43 ( @entity43 ) @entity1 , and the evidence of microRNA involvement in drug resistance has been recently emerging. @entity2232 (ET-1)/ETA receptor ( @entity2231 ) axis is aberrantly activated in chemoresistant @entity43 cells and elicits pleiotropic effects promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of chemoresistance. However, the relationship between @entity2231 and miRNA is still unknown. Hence, in this study we evaluated whether dysregulation of miRNA might enhance @entity2231 expression in sensitive and resistant @entity43 cells. Based on bioinformatic tools, we selected putative miRNA able to recognize the 3'UTR of @entity2231 . An inverse correlation was observed between the expression levels of @entity15073 and @entity2231 in both @entity43 cell lines and @entity5 samples. @entity15073 was found to specifically bind to the 3'UTR of @entity2231 mRNA, indicating that @entity2231 is a direct target of @entity15073 . Overexpression of @entity15073 decreased @entity584 and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway activation, cell proliferation, invasion, plasticity, EMT marker levels, and vascular endothelial growth factor release. Interestingly, ectopic expression of @entity15073 re-sensitized @entity902 -resistant @entity43 cells to @entity900 -induced apoptosis. Consistently, resistant @entity43 xenografts overexpressing @entity15073 resulted in significantly less @entity5 growth than controls. Together our study provides a new perspective on the regulatory mechanism of @entity2231 gene. Interestingly, our findings highlight that blockade of @entity2231 regulatory axis is the mechanism underlying the @entity5 suppressor function of @entity15073 in chemoresistant @entity43 cells.

title: XXXX inhibits endothelin A receptor and chemoresistance in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity15073 :: (407029,Gene) :: ['miR-30a']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Drug resistance remains the major clinical barrier to successful treatment in @entity43 ( @entity43 ) @entity1 , and the evidence of microRNA involvement in drug resistance has been recently emerging. @entity2232 (ET-1)/ETA receptor ( @entity2231 ) axis is aberrantly activated in chemoresistant @entity43 cells and elicits pleiotropic effects promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of chemoresistance. However, the relationship between @entity2231 and miRNA is still unknown. Hence, in this study we evaluated whether dysregulation of miRNA might enhance @entity2231 expression in sensitive and resistant @entity43 cells. Based on bioinformatic tools, we selected putative miRNA able to recognize the 3'UTR of @entity2231 . An inverse correlation was observed between the expression levels of @entity15073 and @entity2231 in both @entity43 cell lines and @entity5 samples. @entity15073 was found to specifically bind to the 3'UTR of @entity2231 mRNA, indicating that @entity2231 is a direct target of @entity15073 . Overexpression of @entity15073 decreased @entity584 and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway activation, cell proliferation, invasion, plasticity, EMT marker levels, and vascular endothelial growth factor release. Interestingly, ectopic expression of @entity15073 re-sensitized @entity902 -resistant @entity43 cells to @entity900 -induced apoptosis. Consistently, resistant @entity43 xenografts overexpressing @entity15073 resulted in significantly less @entity5 growth than controls. Together our study provides a new perspective on the regulatory mechanism of @entity2231 gene. Interestingly, our findings highlight that blockade of @entity2231 regulatory axis is the mechanism underlying the @entity5 suppressor function of @entity15073 in chemoresistant @entity43 cells.

title: @entity15073 inhibits endothelin A receptor and chemoresistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical features of @entity1036 at a tertiary referral center in a rural area of Korea. RESULTS: This was a retrospective study. Medical records of 70 @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity1036 and underwent corneal culture were reviewed. Data including demographics, predisposing factors, and microbiological profiles were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Age distribution showed one peak at sixth and seventh decade, and 48 @entity1 (68.6%) were >= 50 years old. The male to female ratio was 43 (61.4%):27 (38.6%). @entity2194 was the most frequently found (48 cases, 68.6%). Gram-positive bacteria were most common (ten @entity1 , 66.7%), followed by Gram-negative bacteria (three @entity1 , 20%) and fungi (two @entity1 , 13.3%). In this study, 34.3% of @entity1 were treated by at least one topical antimicrobial before culture. @entity1 who received topical therapy before culture showed positive culture rate of 16.7%, and @entity1 who underwent corneal culture without topical antibiotics showed positive culture rate of 23.9%. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in positive culture rate (P=0.554). CONCLUSION: The proportions of the elderly and male @entity1 were higher than the young and female @entity1 , respectively. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common pathogens, and @entity2194 was the most common predisposing factor.

title: Clinical features of XXXX at a tertiary referral center in a rural area of Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular surface disease', 'Ocular surface disease']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['infectious keratitis']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['infectious keratitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14 is a common @entity5 and a leading cause of @entity5 related @entity204 . @entity5 staging following resection is key to determining any adjuvant therapy in those @entity1 with high risk disease. In @entity14 , @entity5 stage and lymph node stage are the main pathological factors which have been considered to influence outcome. Increasing emphasis is now being placed on other factors, especially the presence of extramural @entity3 (EMVI). It is important to understand the relationship of EMVI with other pathological factors and to confirm that in an individual centre that EMVI is being detected at an appropriate rate and is of prognostic significance. This comprehensive study assesses the reporting and prognostic significance of EMVI in a single centre, using prospectively collected data from histopathology reports of a cohort of 2405 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity14 over a nine year period. Overall, EMVI was reported in 27.9% of @entity14 excision specimens. In @entity5 (n = 1928) that had not received neoadjuvant therapy, the presence of EMVI varied significantly depending on @entity5 site (  2 = 12.03, p<0.005), @entity5 stage (  2 = 268.188, p<0.001), lymph node stage (  2 = 294.368, p<0.001) and Dukes' stage (  2 = 253.753, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed EMVI as a significant independent prognostic indicator (p<0.001). In conclusion, the presence of EMVI as an independent prognostic indicator is shown and is related to other pathological and prognostic factors. This study emphasises the requirement for the accurate identification of EMVI in @entity14 excision specimens and also understanding the relationship of EMVI with other prognostic factors.

title: A Comprehensive Study of Extramural XXXX in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'Cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['venous invasion']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Venous Invasion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14 is a common @entity5 and a leading cause of @entity5 related @entity204 . @entity5 staging following resection is key to determining any adjuvant therapy in those @entity1 with high risk disease. In @entity14 , @entity5 stage and lymph node stage are the main pathological factors which have been considered to influence outcome. Increasing emphasis is now being placed on other factors, especially the presence of extramural @entity3 (EMVI). It is important to understand the relationship of EMVI with other pathological factors and to confirm that in an individual centre that EMVI is being detected at an appropriate rate and is of prognostic significance. This comprehensive study assesses the reporting and prognostic significance of EMVI in a single centre, using prospectively collected data from histopathology reports of a cohort of 2405 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity14 over a nine year period. Overall, EMVI was reported in 27.9% of @entity14 excision specimens. In @entity5 (n = 1928) that had not received neoadjuvant therapy, the presence of EMVI varied significantly depending on @entity5 site (  2 = 12.03, p<0.005), @entity5 stage (  2 = 268.188, p<0.001), lymph node stage (  2 = 294.368, p<0.001) and Dukes' stage (  2 = 253.753, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed EMVI as a significant independent prognostic indicator (p<0.001). In conclusion, the presence of EMVI as an independent prognostic indicator is shown and is related to other pathological and prognostic factors. This study emphasises the requirement for the accurate identification of EMVI in @entity14 excision specimens and also understanding the relationship of EMVI with other prognostic factors.

title: A Comprehensive Study of Extramural @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']