abstract: @entity6010 rarely occur in the retropharynx with only three cases reported in the current literature. The most common symptom associated with @entity6010 is @entity1282 . We report a @entity6010 with an unusual clinical presentation of @entity135 and @entity158 . A 42-year-old @entity1 presented with incapacitating @entity4048 , @entity135 , @entity425 , as well as @entity1282 . Neurological workup was normal. Imaging revealed a hyperdense, ill-defined, diffuse right retropharyngeal mass suggestive of a possible @entity4847 with no communication with the cervical spine. Surgical removal was uneventful and associated with a postoperative @entity4820 . In follow-up, @entity1282 and neck symptoms improved. @entity6010 can occur in a wide age range of @entity1 . @entity954 via a cervical approach offers definitive therapy but may be associated with an iatrogenic @entity4820 for which the @entity1 should be counseled prior to operative intervention. @entity4048 is an atypical symptom that needs to be worked up to rule out a communication with the spinal column prior to surgical removal. @entity1 must be counseled that atypical symptoms may not completely resolve with surgical treatment.

title: XXXX presenting with @entity135 : report of a case and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['Retropharyngeal ganglioneuromas', 'retropharyngeal ganglioneuromas', 'Ganglioneuromas', 'retropharyngeal ganglioneuroma']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical excision']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['right upper extremity weakness']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['neck pain', 'Neck pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome"]

answer: @entity6010 :: (MESH:D005729,Disease) :: ['Retropharyngeal ganglioneuroma']


abstract: @entity6010 rarely occur in the retropharynx with only three cases reported in the current literature. The most common symptom associated with @entity6010 is @entity1282 . We report a @entity6010 with an unusual clinical presentation of @entity135 and @entity158 . A 42-year-old @entity1 presented with incapacitating @entity4048 , @entity135 , @entity425 , as well as @entity1282 . Neurological workup was normal. Imaging revealed a hyperdense, ill-defined, diffuse right retropharyngeal mass suggestive of a possible @entity4847 with no communication with the cervical spine. Surgical removal was uneventful and associated with a postoperative @entity4820 . In follow-up, @entity1282 and neck symptoms improved. @entity6010 can occur in a wide age range of @entity1 . @entity954 via a cervical approach offers definitive therapy but may be associated with an iatrogenic @entity4820 for which the @entity1 should be counseled prior to operative intervention. @entity4048 is an atypical symptom that needs to be worked up to rule out a communication with the spinal column prior to surgical removal. @entity1 must be counseled that atypical symptoms may not completely resolve with surgical treatment.

title: @entity6010 presenting with XXXX : report of a case and review of literature.

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['neck stiffness']


abstract: Failure to deliver drug effectively to the lungs is a common cause of referrals with "difficult @entity565 ". This may be due to poor regime compliance or poor device compliance (lack of competence and/or contrivance). The former is the more difficult to address. The latter can be addressed providing the healthcare professional is aware of the principles underlying aerosol delivery and aspects of @entity1 behaviour. Unlike the gastrointestinal tract, the airways have evolved to exclude foreign material. A narrow window of opportunity exists with particles in the size range 1-7 micro m having a relatively high probability of depositing within the airways once inhaled. Current delivery systems are able to generate particles in this size range but they all have associated problems that may significantly impair the effectiveness of drug delivery to the lungs. While there is little evidence that compliance with inhaled therapy is significantly worse than with oral therapy, there is evidence that lack of competence (the inability to use a device effectively) or contrivance (knowing how to use a device effectively but contriving to use it ineffectively) are major additional impediments to effective therapy. Ensuring that the delivery system is acceptable to the @entity1 is particularly important in the very young. The device chosen with a @entity1 should be one that can and will be used effectively. For inhaled @entity230 , the choice of device/drug combination should be limited to those with a good therapeutic index (i.e. the majority of any systemic exposure should result from the lung dose). The best guide to determining the appropriate dose of inhaled @entity134 is to use the lowest effective dose.

title: Role of inhaler competence and contrivance in "difficult XXXX ".

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic stenting (ES) is a minimally invasive alternative to surgical gastroenterostomy (GE) for palliation of @entity5 . This consecutive, retrospective analysis compares the clinical outcome of all @entity1 undergoing ES or GE in the same period. METHODS: ES was performed at the Endoscopy Department, University Hospital Mannheim or at the Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Department, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf. GE was performed at the Surgical Department, University Hospital Mannheim. All palliative ES or GE on @entity1 with @entity5 without earlier gastric resections between January 2001 and April 2007 were evaluated. Main outcome measurements were ability of solid food intake ( @entity1084 score), persistence of @entity1209 (gut function score), length of hospital stay, morbidity, mortality and re-interventions. RESULTS: A total of 44 ES and 43 GE were performed. @entity390 and vomiting--measured by means of the gut function score--persisted in significantly more @entity1 in the GE group than in those who underwent stent placement (p = 0.0102). The @entity1084 score at discharge from the hospital revealed no significant difference in the ability of solid food intake between the groups. The hospital stay was significantly longer in the GE group (p = 0.0003). There was no significant difference in mortality and the rates of complications and re-interventions. CONCLUSION: In this study, ES is a generally equivalent--and in several points superior--alternative to GE for palliation of @entity5 . ES seems to be the less invasive alternative for symptomatic @entity1 . GE has good results in @entity1 with longer survival and can be practiced within abdominal explorations.

title: XXXX : retrospective comparison of endoscopic and surgical palliative therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gastroduodenal obstruction', 'malignant gastroduodenal obstructions']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant gastroduodenal obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The focus in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery has been on reducing thoracic incisions. Several cardiac incisions described in these procedures do not conform with the philosophy of "minimal invasiveness". We describe the left @entity955 which has the potential of facilitating an excellent mitral valve exposure through a limited cardiac incision, without major @entity299 . The safety, efficacy and technical ease of this technique for minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is evaluated. METHODS: From July 1998 to December 2000, 95 consecutive @entity1 underwent mitral valve surgery by the same surgeon. The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups on the basis of the cardiac incision used for correction of @entity339 . Group I @entity1 had left @entity955 and group II @entity1 had the traditional paraseptal incision. Each group was further classified into the minimally invasive sternotomy and standard sternotomy subgroups. The clinical variables and complications in the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS: There were 40 male and 55 female @entity1 with a mean age of 63 +/-12yrs (range 29 to 88yrs). LARI was used for mitral valve exposure in 81 @entity1 (85%). In 18 @entity1 (19%), surgery was by minimally invasive technique. The mitral valve was replaced in 82% of @entity1 and repaired in 18%. LARI provided a better exposure of the mitral valve in its anatomical and physiological disposition, without distortion. There was no significant difference in the cross clamp times and postoperative complications between the 2 groups. More @entity1 in the LARI group regained sinus rhythm at discharge. CONCLUSION: LARI is safe and technically easy to perform. It provides an excellent exposure of the mitral valve and left heart cavities in its anatomical disposition with minimal @entity299 , making it ideal for minimally invasive mitral surgery.

title: The left XXXX : an asset for minimally invasive mitral valve surgery.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial roof incision']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac trauma']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial roof incision']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 immunodeficiency virus treatment adequate virological suppression is warranted, nevertheless for some @entity1 it remains a challenge. We investigated factors associated with @entity258 ( @entity258 ) and @entity177 ( @entity177 ) under combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed @entity1 receiving standard regimens between 1st July 2012 and 1st July 2013 with at least one viral load (VL) measurement below the quantification limit (BLQ) in their treatment history. After a minimum of 6 months of unmodified cART, the next single VL measurement within 6 months was analysed. @entity177 was defined as @entity645 RNA levels >= 200 copies/mL and all other quantifiable measurements were classified as @entity258 . Factors associated with @entity258 and @entity177 compared to BLQ were identified by logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of 2276 @entity1 , 1972 (86.6%) were BLQ, 222 (9.8%) showed @entity258 and 82 (3.6%) had @entity177 . A higher risk for @entity258 and @entity177 was shown in @entity1 with cART interruptions and in @entity1 with boosted PI therapy. The risk for @entity258 and @entity177 was lower in @entity1 from centres using the Abbott compared to the Roche assay to measure VL. A higher risk for @entity258 but not for @entity177 was found in @entity1 with a higher VL before cART [for >99.999 copies/mL: aOR (95% CI): 4.19 (2.07-8.49); for 10.000-99.999 copies/mL: aOR (95% CI): 2.52 (1.23-5.19)] and shorter cART duration [for <9 months: aOR (95% CI): 2.59 (1.38-4.86)]. A higher risk for @entity177 but not for @entity258 was found in younger @entity1 [for <30 years: aOR (95% CI): 2.76 (1.03-7.35); for 30-50 years: aOR (95% CI): 2.70 (1.26-5.79)], @entity1 originating from high prevalence countries [aOR (95% CI): 2.20 (1.09-4.42)] and in male injecting drug users [aOR (95% CI): 2.72 (1.38-5.34)]. CONCLUSIONS: For both @entity177 and @entity258 , factors associated with adherence play a prominent role. Furthermore, performance characteristics of the diagnostic assay used for VL quantification should also be taken into consideration.

title: Factors Associated with Low-Level Viraemia and Virological Failure: Results from the Austrian XXXX Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'virological failure']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-level viraemia', 'LLV']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of planned pregnancies varies between countries but is often measured in a dichotomous manner. The aim of this study was to investigate to what level pregnant @entity1 had planned their pregnancies and whether pregnancy planning was associated with background characteristics and pregnancy- @entity146 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study that utilized the baseline measurements from the Swedish Pregnancy Planning study. Pregnant @entity1 (n = 3390) recruited at antenatal clinics answered a questionnaire. Data were analyzed with multinomial logistic regression, @entity498 and chi-squared tests. RESULTS: Three of four pregnancies were very or fairly planned and 12% fairly or very unplanned. Of @entity1 with very unplanned pregnancies, 32% had considered an induced abortion. @entity1 with planned pregnancies were more likely to have a higher level of education, higher household income, to be currently working (>= 50%) and to have longer relationships than @entity1 with unplanned pregnancies. The level of pregnancy planning was associated with @entity146 , such as information-seeking and intake of @entity1501 , but without a reduction in @entity285 consumption. One-third of all @entity1 took @entity1501 1 month prior to conception, 17% used @entity286 daily and 11% used @entity285 weekly 3 months before conception. CONCLUSIONS: A majority rated their pregnancy as very or fairly planned, with socio-economic factors as explanatory variables. The level of pregnancy planning should be queried routinely to enable individualized counseling, especially for @entity1 with unplanned pregnancies. Preconception recommendations need to be established and communicated to the public to increase health promoting @entity146 .

title: Is pregnancy planning associated with background characteristics and pregnancy- XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['planning behavior']

entities_list: @entity498 :: ('MESH:C538322', 'Disease') :: ['Kruskal-Wallis H']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['planning behavior']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Venom sac extract of @entity6248 was toxic in @entity19 when injected intraperitoneally but not toxic when injected subcutaneously. Necropsy showed the @entity137 to be an inflammatory response. METHODS: Venom peptide and protein fractions were tested to identify the inflammatory components. The active components were tested to establish whether they might function as adjuvant for venom protein-specific antibody response. RESULTS: @entity137 required the synergistic action of two venom components, a mast cell degranulating peptide mastoparan and phospholipase A1. Both components stimulated @entity1421 release from @entity19 peritoneal cells and macrophages. Mastoparan showed a weak activity to enhance IgE and @entity6527 responses to a yellow jacket venom protein Ves v 5 in BALB/c @entity19 . It was not possible to assess the adjuvant activity of phospholipase A1 because of its suppression of Ves v 5-specific response. @entity71451 , a mast cell degranulating peptide from @entity5157 venom, was inactive as an adjuvant for Ves v 5-specific response. CONCLUSION: Yellow jacket venom contains two inflammatory components, mastoparan and phospholipase A1. Our findings suggest that mastoparan can function as a weak adjuvant for @entity61 cell-associated antibody response.

title: Inflammatory role of two venom components of yellow jackets ( XXXX ): a mast cell degranulating peptide mastoparan and phospholipase A1.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Venom toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity6248 :: ('MESH:D016112', 'Disease') :: ['yellow jackets Vespula vulgaris']

answer: @entity6248 :: (MESH:D016112,Disease) :: ['Vespula vulgaris']


abstract: Irradiation with UV-A of normal @entity1 fibroblasts in @entity1391 -buffered saline induced cell death, measured as lack of colony-forming ability. A specially filtered sunlamp, emitting wavelengths greater than 330 nm, was used as UV-A source. After UV-A irradiation, single-strand breaks (alkali-labile bonds) could be detected in DNA; these lesions were rapidly repaired. The induction of these single-strand breaks was almost eliminated when irradiation was performed in the presence of catalase. However, catalase, when present during UV-A irradiation, did not reduce cell death of the fibroblasts. Excision repair, monitored as unscheduled DNA synthesis, was induced strongly by irradiation with UV-C (predominantly 254 nm), but could not be detected after UV-A irradiation. Moreover, very little accumulation of incision breaks during post-irradiation incubation with @entity1862 and @entity9864 (araC) was detected after UV-A. This is consistent with the low amount of @entity7391 dimers (measured as UV-endonuclease susceptible sites) induced by UV-A. @entity2173 fibroblasts of complementation group A, which are extremely sensitive to UV-C irradiation, showed the same sensitivity to UV-A as normal fibroblasts. The results indicate that lethality by UV-A wavelengths greater than 330 nm is caused by lesions other than single-strand breaks (alkali-labile bonds) and @entity7391 dimers.

title: The induction and repair of DNA damage and its influence on cell death in primary XXXX fibroblasts exposed to UV-A or UV-C irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['Xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity9864 :: ('CHEBI:28680', 'Chemical') :: ['1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study describes our experience with the diagnosis, treatment, results and long-term follow-up of @entity706 ( @entity706 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 diagnosed with @entity706 were reviewed. Seven @entity1 presented with stage I(E) disease, four with stage II(E) (regional lymphadenopathy), and eight with @entity5 (disseminated bone involvement). Only one stage IV @entity1 exhibited 'B' symptoms. The majority (72%) demonstrated diffuse, large cell, B-type @entity706 . All @entity1 were treated with @entity632 -based chemotherapy and consolidation radiotherapy to the primary site (8 @entity1 : early @entity706 ) or the most bulky area (3 @entity1 : stage IV @entity706 ). RESULTS: Ten stage I(E)/II(E) @entity1 are alive with no evidence of disease (NED) and only one died due to metastatic @entity2 while with NED from his @entity706 . Eight stage IV @entity1 are alive with NED. Median follow-up for all living @entity1 : 77 months. Side effects were mild and did not necessitate delay in treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our departmental policy of treating @entity706 @entity1 with an @entity4349 -based regimen and involved field radiotherapy proved to be successful in achieving excellent long-term, disease-free survival. Phase III randomized, controlled, clinical trials will determine the true role of consolidation radiotherapy in @entity706 , when considering severe late side effects, including radiation-induced @entity3478 .

title: Primary XXXX --a retrospective study. Experience at the Northern Israel Oncology Center (1979-2000).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'primary bone lymphoma', 'PBL']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV disease']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['secondary lung cancer']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma of bone']


abstract: The prevalence of mutations in the @entity5174 ( @entity5174 ) gene in @entity1689 has been shown to be increased. The aim of this study was to prospectively analyze the frequency of such mutations in a homogeneous group of @entity1 with @entity788 studied in a French Gastroenterology department. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between April 1999 and December 2001, all @entity1 with unexplained chronic or recurrent acute @entity788 were studied. Other causes of @entity788 were excluded and no @entity1 had personal signs or family history compatible with @entity1577 . Following informed written consent, genetic analysis for @entity5174 was performed using an oligonucleotid ligation assay, on the 31 most frequently known mutations of the @entity5174 gene. A complementary analysis for variants in exons 9, 10 and 17a, thought to be implicated in atypical @entity1577 , was also performed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: @entity788 occurred in 64 @entity1 (chronic, n=30; recurrent acute, n=34) with a median age of 36 years. Eighteen @entity5174 mutations or variants were detected in 16 @entity1 (25%): DeltaF508 (n=7), @entity51421 (n=2), @entity72520 (n=4), 5T (n=5). Two @entity1 were compound heterozygous. The frequency of DeltaF508 mutations was greater than that of the general population (10.9 vs 2.4%; P<0.001). @entity788 was diagnosed at a median age of 32 years in mutation-positive @entity1 compared to 39 in mutation-negative @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity5174 mutations was 35.5% in @entity1 < or =35 years against 15.1% in those > 35 years (P=0.06). The clinical course of @entity788 (severity and complication rates) was not altered by the presence of a mutation. CONCLUSION: One-quarter of all @entity1 and one-third of those < or =35 years with @entity788 have at least one mutation of the @entity5174 gene. The presence of a @entity5174 mutation appears to predict the development of @entity788 at an earlier age.

title: [Frequency of @entity5174 gene mutations in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pancreatitis', 'Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis', 'Idiopathic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5174 :: ('1080', 'Gene') :: ['CFTR', 'Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pancreatitis']


abstract: The prevalence of mutations in the @entity5174 ( @entity5174 ) gene in @entity1689 has been shown to be increased. The aim of this study was to prospectively analyze the frequency of such mutations in a homogeneous group of @entity1 with @entity788 studied in a French Gastroenterology department. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between April 1999 and December 2001, all @entity1 with unexplained chronic or recurrent acute @entity788 were studied. Other causes of @entity788 were excluded and no @entity1 had personal signs or family history compatible with @entity1577 . Following informed written consent, genetic analysis for @entity5174 was performed using an oligonucleotid ligation assay, on the 31 most frequently known mutations of the @entity5174 gene. A complementary analysis for variants in exons 9, 10 and 17a, thought to be implicated in atypical @entity1577 , was also performed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: @entity788 occurred in 64 @entity1 (chronic, n=30; recurrent acute, n=34) with a median age of 36 years. Eighteen @entity5174 mutations or variants were detected in 16 @entity1 (25%): DeltaF508 (n=7), @entity51421 (n=2), @entity72520 (n=4), 5T (n=5). Two @entity1 were compound heterozygous. The frequency of DeltaF508 mutations was greater than that of the general population (10.9 vs 2.4%; P<0.001). @entity788 was diagnosed at a median age of 32 years in mutation-positive @entity1 compared to 39 in mutation-negative @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity5174 mutations was 35.5% in @entity1 < or =35 years against 15.1% in those > 35 years (P=0.06). The clinical course of @entity788 (severity and complication rates) was not altered by the presence of a mutation. CONCLUSION: One-quarter of all @entity1 and one-third of those < or =35 years with @entity788 have at least one mutation of the @entity5174 gene. The presence of a @entity5174 mutation appears to predict the development of @entity788 at an earlier age.

title: [Frequency of XXXX gene mutations in @entity788 ].

answer: @entity5174 :: (1080,Gene) :: ['CFTR']


abstract: Since 1998, the Epidemiological Survelliance System of Navarra has included the notification of 34 transmissible @entity166 , to which are added epidemic outbreaks of any aetiology and cause. Reporting to the system is carried out on a weekly basis by every doctor who suspects, or diagnoses, any of these processes. In our autonomous community, @entity66 ( @entity66 ) are reported using standardised forms on a weekly basis to the Section of Infectious Diseases and Control of Outbreaks of the Public Health Institute. Notification is made by the doctors and/or paediatricians of Primary Care and by certain services of Specialised Care. Subsequently, the information is sent to the National Epidemiology Centre where data from the Autonomous Communities is centralised and diffused. The year 2002 marks the fifth year of the new Epidemiological Vigilance System. In these five years there have been 74,814 notifications of disease, 17,184 in the year 2002, which provides a balance of notification of 74.07% for this year. In 2002, under the heading of respiratory transmitted diseases, 24,870 cases of Inluenza were reported, Epidemic Index (EI: 0.80). 58% of total annual cases were reported in the first nine weeks of the year, with a maximum in week 4 when 3,277 cases were reported. 16 cases of @entity7135 were reported to the system (EI: 1.07). All the cases were confirmed microbiologically and all appeared in a sporadic way. With respect to the causative serogroup, on 12 occasions @entity3631 serogroup B was isolated and in the 4 remaining cases serogroup C was isolated. One case was notified in @entity1 of less than 2 years of age (Rate: 10.52 cases per 100,000), another case in @entity1 between 2 and 5 years (5.52 cases per 100,000), 5 cases in the age group of 6 to 19 years (Rate: 5.86 cases per 100,000) and the remaining nine cases in the age group of @entity1 aged 20 years or over (2.2 per 100,000). 70 cases of @entity2115 were declared in 2002 (EI: 4.67), all but one under the clinical form of @entity55 . Twenty-two of the cases were presented in the context of two outbreaks with a community origin, which affected 17 and 5 @entity1 respectively. Similarly, there was a notable increase in the declaration of cases of @entity6835 , with 6 cases (EI: 2.00), @entity3377 , with 10 cases (EI: 1.67) and chickenpox, with 4,346 notified cases (EI: 1.61).

title: [ XXXX ( @entity66 ) in Navarra. 2002].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'persons', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6835 :: ('MESH:D004405', 'Disease') :: ['bacillary dysentery']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DCN', 'Diseases of Compulsory Notification']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['Meningococcal Disease']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity2115 :: ('MESH:D007876', 'Disease') :: ['Legionellosis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Diseases of Compulsory Notification']


abstract: Since 1998, the Epidemiological Survelliance System of Navarra has included the notification of 34 transmissible @entity166 , to which are added epidemic outbreaks of any aetiology and cause. Reporting to the system is carried out on a weekly basis by every doctor who suspects, or diagnoses, any of these processes. In our autonomous community, @entity66 ( @entity66 ) are reported using standardised forms on a weekly basis to the Section of Infectious Diseases and Control of Outbreaks of the Public Health Institute. Notification is made by the doctors and/or paediatricians of Primary Care and by certain services of Specialised Care. Subsequently, the information is sent to the National Epidemiology Centre where data from the Autonomous Communities is centralised and diffused. The year 2002 marks the fifth year of the new Epidemiological Vigilance System. In these five years there have been 74,814 notifications of disease, 17,184 in the year 2002, which provides a balance of notification of 74.07% for this year. In 2002, under the heading of respiratory transmitted diseases, 24,870 cases of Inluenza were reported, Epidemic Index (EI: 0.80). 58% of total annual cases were reported in the first nine weeks of the year, with a maximum in week 4 when 3,277 cases were reported. 16 cases of @entity7135 were reported to the system (EI: 1.07). All the cases were confirmed microbiologically and all appeared in a sporadic way. With respect to the causative serogroup, on 12 occasions @entity3631 serogroup B was isolated and in the 4 remaining cases serogroup C was isolated. One case was notified in @entity1 of less than 2 years of age (Rate: 10.52 cases per 100,000), another case in @entity1 between 2 and 5 years (5.52 cases per 100,000), 5 cases in the age group of 6 to 19 years (Rate: 5.86 cases per 100,000) and the remaining nine cases in the age group of @entity1 aged 20 years or over (2.2 per 100,000). 70 cases of @entity2115 were declared in 2002 (EI: 4.67), all but one under the clinical form of @entity55 . Twenty-two of the cases were presented in the context of two outbreaks with a community origin, which affected 17 and 5 @entity1 respectively. Similarly, there was a notable increase in the declaration of cases of @entity6835 , with 6 cases (EI: 2.00), @entity3377 , with 10 cases (EI: 1.67) and chickenpox, with 4,346 notified cases (EI: 1.61).

title: [ @entity66 ( XXXX ) in Navarra. 2002].

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['DCN']


abstract: A retrospective study of 25 @entity1 with severe soft tissue @entity130 to the perineum from the last 14 years was performed to determine the most appropriate management strategy for these problematic wounds. There were 20 (80%) @entity1 and 5 (20%) @entity1 with an average age of 29 years. Six (24%) @entity1 died of exsanguination from their pelvic @entity130 within the first few hours of presentation. The remaining 19 @entity1 were taken to the operating room for sigmoidoscopy, diverting colostomy, distal rectal washout, and radical debridement and irrigation of any devitalized tissue. Enteral access by jejunostomy was obtained in six @entity1 . Most @entity1 underwent daily debridement and pulsatile irrigation for at least three days, but usually longer, until the treating surgeon deemed the wound to be clean. None of the @entity1 managed in this fashion developed @entity530 . However, @entity530 did occur in all four @entity1 who did not receive early mandatory daily debridement. Total parenteral nutrition was required in eight @entity1 because there were significant delays in the ability of these @entity1 to resume oral intake. In most previously published series in which daily debridement was not performed, a @entity530 rate of 40% to 80% was reported. Therefore, to optimize the clinical course and recovery from these complex wounds, we conclude that mandatory daily debridement with pulsatile irrigation should be instituted in conjunction with sigmoidoscopy, diversion of the fecal stream, distal rectal irrigation, enteral access, and initial radical debridement of devitalized tissue.

title: Management of complex perineal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: It is presently unclear how much @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) loss is needed to induce favorable metabolic changes. Cross-sectional studies have proposed that a threshold level of @entity1386 exceeding 110 cm(2) in @entity1 induces deleterious changes in the metabolic profile. It is presently unclear, however, if significant decreases in @entity1386 below this given threshold significantly improve the metabolic profile more as compared to decreases that remain below 110 cm(2). To examine whether achieving versus not achieving the proposed @entity1386 threshold impacts differently on the metabolic profile in postmenopausal @entity1 , we examined the effects of a @entity1386 loss below the 110-cm(2) threshold versus those individuals who remained higher than 110 cm(2) after a @entity353 program. Twenty-five sedentary @entity28 (baseline % body fat, 47.7% +/- 4.1%; [mean +/- SD]) postmenopausal @entity1 aged between 51 and 71 years (59.7 +/- 5.6 years) and displaying high baseline levels of @entity1386 accumulation (223 +/- 45 cm(2)) were submitted to a 1-year @entity353 program with weight stabilization periods before and after weight reduction. Based on their loss of @entity1386 after @entity353 , subjects were characterized as "attainers" (post @entity1386 levels < 110 cm(2); average, 96 +/- 10 cm(2); n = 10) or "non-attainers" (post @entity1386 levels > 110 cm(2); average, 171 +/- 34 cm(2); n = 15). We compared changes in (1) plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels, (2) insulin sensitivity (euglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp), and (3) supine resting blood pressure between groups who achieved these 2 distinct levels of @entity1386 . Attainers showed a 2-fold greater loss of @entity1386 compared to non-attainers (-51.5% v -27.5%, P <.001). Attainers also showed a greater loss of body weight (-19.0% v -12.5%, P <.01) and fat mass (-34.8% v -18.4%, P <.001) after the program compared to non-attainers. Despite significant differences in the loss of total fat and @entity1386 after the @entity353 program, attainers and non-attainers showed comparable improvements for plasma high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 (HDL-chol) levels (+62.5% v +50.0%, P = not significant [NS]), @entity165 /HDL-chol ratio (-45.5% v -36.5%, P = NS), insulin sensitivity (+34.1% v +23.2%, P = NS), and resting systolic (-6.9% v -5.1%, P = NS) and diastolic (-11.3% v -11.1%, P = NS) blood pressure. These results do not favor the idea that attaining levels of @entity1386 below a threshold of 110 cm(2) is necessary to favorably improve the metabolic profile in @entity28 postmenopausal @entity1 . Achieving or not the proposed threshold of @entity1386 , independently of baseline values, appears to yield similar metabolic improvements in @entity28 postmenopausal @entity1 . More moderate losses of @entity1386 appear to yield similar metabolic improvements as large losses.

title: Is there a threshold of visceral fat loss that improves the metabolic profile in XXXX postmenopausal @entity1 ?

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['visceral adipose tissue', 'VAT']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: It is presently unclear how much @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) loss is needed to induce favorable metabolic changes. Cross-sectional studies have proposed that a threshold level of @entity1386 exceeding 110 cm(2) in @entity1 induces deleterious changes in the metabolic profile. It is presently unclear, however, if significant decreases in @entity1386 below this given threshold significantly improve the metabolic profile more as compared to decreases that remain below 110 cm(2). To examine whether achieving versus not achieving the proposed @entity1386 threshold impacts differently on the metabolic profile in postmenopausal @entity1 , we examined the effects of a @entity1386 loss below the 110-cm(2) threshold versus those individuals who remained higher than 110 cm(2) after a @entity353 program. Twenty-five sedentary @entity28 (baseline % body fat, 47.7% +/- 4.1%; [mean +/- SD]) postmenopausal @entity1 aged between 51 and 71 years (59.7 +/- 5.6 years) and displaying high baseline levels of @entity1386 accumulation (223 +/- 45 cm(2)) were submitted to a 1-year @entity353 program with weight stabilization periods before and after weight reduction. Based on their loss of @entity1386 after @entity353 , subjects were characterized as "attainers" (post @entity1386 levels < 110 cm(2); average, 96 +/- 10 cm(2); n = 10) or "non-attainers" (post @entity1386 levels > 110 cm(2); average, 171 +/- 34 cm(2); n = 15). We compared changes in (1) plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels, (2) insulin sensitivity (euglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp), and (3) supine resting blood pressure between groups who achieved these 2 distinct levels of @entity1386 . Attainers showed a 2-fold greater loss of @entity1386 compared to non-attainers (-51.5% v -27.5%, P <.001). Attainers also showed a greater loss of body weight (-19.0% v -12.5%, P <.01) and fat mass (-34.8% v -18.4%, P <.001) after the program compared to non-attainers. Despite significant differences in the loss of total fat and @entity1386 after the @entity353 program, attainers and non-attainers showed comparable improvements for plasma high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 (HDL-chol) levels (+62.5% v +50.0%, P = not significant [NS]), @entity165 /HDL-chol ratio (-45.5% v -36.5%, P = NS), insulin sensitivity (+34.1% v +23.2%, P = NS), and resting systolic (-6.9% v -5.1%, P = NS) and diastolic (-11.3% v -11.1%, P = NS) blood pressure. These results do not favor the idea that attaining levels of @entity1386 below a threshold of 110 cm(2) is necessary to favorably improve the metabolic profile in @entity28 postmenopausal @entity1 . Achieving or not the proposed threshold of @entity1386 , independently of baseline values, appears to yield similar metabolic improvements in @entity28 postmenopausal @entity1 . More moderate losses of @entity1386 appear to yield similar metabolic improvements as large losses.

title: Is there a threshold of visceral fat loss that improves the metabolic profile in @entity28 postmenopausal XXXX ?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the genetic and epigenetic alterations affecting the @entity996 , @entity876 , @entity986 , and p21WAF1 @entity5 suppressor genes, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 3q and 18q, and the clinical variables of a series of Spanish @entity1 with @entity421 . These genetic changes were tested for an association with prognosis. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples and clinical data were available from 76 @entity1 with @entity421 . Paired tissue was available from 41 of them. The mutation and methylation status of @entity986 , p21WAF1, @entity876 , and @entity996 was screened as well as LOH at 3q and 18q. RESULTS: Loss of heterozygosity affecting @entity996 (37.2%), @entity876 (42.3%), and 18q (30.8%) and @entity876 mutation (39%) were frequently encountered. @entity876 mutation was associated with diagnosis at a later age. @entity996 alteration was associated with reduced survival and event-free survival. The clinical variables associated with poor prognosis were the presence of @entity3 at diagnosis (P = 0.035) or during treatment (P = 0.016) and the chondroblastic histologic subtype (P = 0.007); the response to induction chemotherapy (<90% @entity39 ) also tended to be related to poor prognosis (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: @entity996 , @entity876 , and possibly other @entity5 suppressor genes located at 18q and other localizations are involved in pediatric @entity105 , together with other genetic alterations not fully understood to date. Based on these results, the presence of an altered @entity996 gene should be regarded as a poor prognostic factor for @entity421 .

title: Genetic and epigenetic alterations of the cell cycle regulators and @entity5 suppressor genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['pediatric osteosarcomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the genetic and epigenetic alterations affecting the @entity996 , @entity876 , @entity986 , and p21WAF1 @entity5 suppressor genes, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 3q and 18q, and the clinical variables of a series of Spanish @entity1 with @entity421 . These genetic changes were tested for an association with prognosis. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples and clinical data were available from 76 @entity1 with @entity421 . Paired tissue was available from 41 of them. The mutation and methylation status of @entity986 , p21WAF1, @entity876 , and @entity996 was screened as well as LOH at 3q and 18q. RESULTS: Loss of heterozygosity affecting @entity996 (37.2%), @entity876 (42.3%), and 18q (30.8%) and @entity876 mutation (39%) were frequently encountered. @entity876 mutation was associated with diagnosis at a later age. @entity996 alteration was associated with reduced survival and event-free survival. The clinical variables associated with poor prognosis were the presence of @entity3 at diagnosis (P = 0.035) or during treatment (P = 0.016) and the chondroblastic histologic subtype (P = 0.007); the response to induction chemotherapy (<90% @entity39 ) also tended to be related to poor prognosis (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: @entity996 , @entity876 , and possibly other @entity5 suppressor genes located at 18q and other localizations are involved in pediatric @entity105 , together with other genetic alterations not fully understood to date. Based on these results, the presence of an altered @entity996 gene should be regarded as a poor prognostic factor for @entity421 .

title: Genetic and epigenetic alterations of the cell cycle regulators and XXXX suppressor genes in @entity421 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11769 is an emerging zoonotic pathogen and is the leading cause of @entity4008 in adults in Vietnam. Systematic data on the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of @entity11769 strains isolated from @entity1 cases are lacking. We studied antimicrobial resistance and associated resistance determinants in @entity11769 isolated from @entity1 with @entity693 in southern Vietnam. METHODS: @entity11769 strains isolated between 1997 and 2008 were investigated for their susceptibility to six antimicrobial agents. Strains were screened for the presence and expression of @entity803 and @entity2929 resistance determinants and the association of tet(M) genes with Tn916- like transposons. The localization of @entity803 resistance gene tet(L) was determined by pulse field gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting. RESULTS: We observed a significant increase in resistance to @entity803 and @entity2755 , which was concurrent with an increase in multi-drug resistance. In @entity803 resistance strains, we identified tet(M), tet(O), tet(W) and tet(L) and confirmed their expression. All tet(M) genes were associated with a Tn916-like transposon. The co-expression of tet(L) and other @entity803 resistance gene(s) encoding for ribosomal protection protein(s) was only detected in strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of @entity803 of >=  64 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that multi-drug resistance in @entity11769 causing disease in @entity1 in southern Vietnam has increased over the 11-year period studied. We report the presence and expression of tet(L) in @entity11769 strains and our data suggest that co-expression of multiple genes encoding distinct mechanism is required for an MIC >=  64 mg/L to @entity803 .

title: The antimicrobial resistance patterns and associated determinants in XXXX isolated from @entity1 in southern Vietnam, 1997-2008.

entities_list: @entity11769 :: ('1307', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus suis', 'S. suis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity11769 :: (1307,Species) :: ['Streptococcus suis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11769 is an emerging zoonotic pathogen and is the leading cause of @entity4008 in adults in Vietnam. Systematic data on the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of @entity11769 strains isolated from @entity1 cases are lacking. We studied antimicrobial resistance and associated resistance determinants in @entity11769 isolated from @entity1 with @entity693 in southern Vietnam. METHODS: @entity11769 strains isolated between 1997 and 2008 were investigated for their susceptibility to six antimicrobial agents. Strains were screened for the presence and expression of @entity803 and @entity2929 resistance determinants and the association of tet(M) genes with Tn916- like transposons. The localization of @entity803 resistance gene tet(L) was determined by pulse field gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting. RESULTS: We observed a significant increase in resistance to @entity803 and @entity2755 , which was concurrent with an increase in multi-drug resistance. In @entity803 resistance strains, we identified tet(M), tet(O), tet(W) and tet(L) and confirmed their expression. All tet(M) genes were associated with a Tn916-like transposon. The co-expression of tet(L) and other @entity803 resistance gene(s) encoding for ribosomal protection protein(s) was only detected in strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of @entity803 of >=  64 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that multi-drug resistance in @entity11769 causing disease in @entity1 in southern Vietnam has increased over the 11-year period studied. We report the presence and expression of tet(L) in @entity11769 strains and our data suggest that co-expression of multiple genes encoding distinct mechanism is required for an MIC >=  64 mg/L to @entity803 .

title: The antimicrobial resistance patterns and associated determinants in @entity11769 isolated from XXXX in southern Vietnam, 1997-2008.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Non-intensive care unit (ICU) cohorts have shown an association between inflammatory disturbances and @entity933 , though these relationships have not been studied in @entity3124 @entity1 . This study sought to investigate the relationship between two inflammatory biomarkers, @entity1904 and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and duration of acute @entity75 in ventilated @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in the Maximizing Efficacy of Targeted Sedation and Reducing @entity51 (MENDS) trial were assessed daily for @entity933 using the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU. Plasma levels of @entity1904 and @entity1851 were obtained within 24 hours of enrollment. Proportional odds logistic regression was used to examine the association between @entity1904 and @entity1851 separately with @entity933 / @entity772 -free days, adjusting for age, acute physiology score (APS) of the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, sedation group ( @entity6948 vs. @entity2934 ), and @entity295 . Secondary analyses examined the association of these markers with other organ dysfunctions and 28-day survival. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1 were included in this analysis. The median age of the @entity1 was 60 years with APACHE II scores of 28; 68% had @entity295 within 48 hours of admission. Higher levels of @entity1904 were associated with fewer @entity933 / @entity772 -free days [odds ratio (OR), 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.3 to 1.0; P = 0.04], whereas higher @entity1851 levels showed trends towards fewer @entity933 / @entity772 -free days (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.1; P = 0.08). Similar relationships were found regardless of the presence of @entity295 . No associations were found between @entity1904 or @entity1851 with 28-day survival (P = 0.40 and 0.16, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In our pilot study, high baseline inflammatory biomarkers predicted prolonged periods of acute @entity75 , implicating @entity32 as an important mechanism in the pathophysiology of @entity933 and @entity772 during @entity3124 , irrespective of whether @entity1 had @entity295 or not.

title: XXXX and @entity1851 levels at admission as predictors of duration of acute @entity75 in @entity3124 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['Procalcitonin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Non-intensive care unit (ICU) cohorts have shown an association between inflammatory disturbances and @entity933 , though these relationships have not been studied in @entity3124 @entity1 . This study sought to investigate the relationship between two inflammatory biomarkers, @entity1904 and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and duration of acute @entity75 in ventilated @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in the Maximizing Efficacy of Targeted Sedation and Reducing @entity51 (MENDS) trial were assessed daily for @entity933 using the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU. Plasma levels of @entity1904 and @entity1851 were obtained within 24 hours of enrollment. Proportional odds logistic regression was used to examine the association between @entity1904 and @entity1851 separately with @entity933 / @entity772 -free days, adjusting for age, acute physiology score (APS) of the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, sedation group ( @entity6948 vs. @entity2934 ), and @entity295 . Secondary analyses examined the association of these markers with other organ dysfunctions and 28-day survival. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1 were included in this analysis. The median age of the @entity1 was 60 years with APACHE II scores of 28; 68% had @entity295 within 48 hours of admission. Higher levels of @entity1904 were associated with fewer @entity933 / @entity772 -free days [odds ratio (OR), 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.3 to 1.0; P = 0.04], whereas higher @entity1851 levels showed trends towards fewer @entity933 / @entity772 -free days (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.1; P = 0.08). Similar relationships were found regardless of the presence of @entity295 . No associations were found between @entity1904 or @entity1851 with 28-day survival (P = 0.40 and 0.16, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In our pilot study, high baseline inflammatory biomarkers predicted prolonged periods of acute @entity75 , implicating @entity32 as an important mechanism in the pathophysiology of @entity933 and @entity772 during @entity3124 , irrespective of whether @entity1 had @entity295 or not.

title: @entity1904 and @entity1851 levels at admission as predictors of duration of acute XXXX in @entity3124 @entity1 .

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain dysfunction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Non-intensive care unit (ICU) cohorts have shown an association between inflammatory disturbances and @entity933 , though these relationships have not been studied in @entity3124 @entity1 . This study sought to investigate the relationship between two inflammatory biomarkers, @entity1904 and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and duration of acute @entity75 in ventilated @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in the Maximizing Efficacy of Targeted Sedation and Reducing @entity51 (MENDS) trial were assessed daily for @entity933 using the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU. Plasma levels of @entity1904 and @entity1851 were obtained within 24 hours of enrollment. Proportional odds logistic regression was used to examine the association between @entity1904 and @entity1851 separately with @entity933 / @entity772 -free days, adjusting for age, acute physiology score (APS) of the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, sedation group ( @entity6948 vs. @entity2934 ), and @entity295 . Secondary analyses examined the association of these markers with other organ dysfunctions and 28-day survival. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1 were included in this analysis. The median age of the @entity1 was 60 years with APACHE II scores of 28; 68% had @entity295 within 48 hours of admission. Higher levels of @entity1904 were associated with fewer @entity933 / @entity772 -free days [odds ratio (OR), 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.3 to 1.0; P = 0.04], whereas higher @entity1851 levels showed trends towards fewer @entity933 / @entity772 -free days (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.1; P = 0.08). Similar relationships were found regardless of the presence of @entity295 . No associations were found between @entity1904 or @entity1851 with 28-day survival (P = 0.40 and 0.16, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In our pilot study, high baseline inflammatory biomarkers predicted prolonged periods of acute @entity75 , implicating @entity32 as an important mechanism in the pathophysiology of @entity933 and @entity772 during @entity3124 , irrespective of whether @entity1 had @entity295 or not.

title: @entity1904 and @entity1851 levels at admission as predictors of duration of acute @entity75 in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Non-intensive care unit (ICU) cohorts have shown an association between inflammatory disturbances and @entity933 , though these relationships have not been studied in @entity3124 @entity1 . This study sought to investigate the relationship between two inflammatory biomarkers, @entity1904 and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and duration of acute @entity75 in ventilated @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in the Maximizing Efficacy of Targeted Sedation and Reducing @entity51 (MENDS) trial were assessed daily for @entity933 using the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU. Plasma levels of @entity1904 and @entity1851 were obtained within 24 hours of enrollment. Proportional odds logistic regression was used to examine the association between @entity1904 and @entity1851 separately with @entity933 / @entity772 -free days, adjusting for age, acute physiology score (APS) of the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, sedation group ( @entity6948 vs. @entity2934 ), and @entity295 . Secondary analyses examined the association of these markers with other organ dysfunctions and 28-day survival. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1 were included in this analysis. The median age of the @entity1 was 60 years with APACHE II scores of 28; 68% had @entity295 within 48 hours of admission. Higher levels of @entity1904 were associated with fewer @entity933 / @entity772 -free days [odds ratio (OR), 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.3 to 1.0; P = 0.04], whereas higher @entity1851 levels showed trends towards fewer @entity933 / @entity772 -free days (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.1; P = 0.08). Similar relationships were found regardless of the presence of @entity295 . No associations were found between @entity1904 or @entity1851 with 28-day survival (P = 0.40 and 0.16, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In our pilot study, high baseline inflammatory biomarkers predicted prolonged periods of acute @entity75 , implicating @entity32 as an important mechanism in the pathophysiology of @entity933 and @entity772 during @entity3124 , irrespective of whether @entity1 had @entity295 or not.

title: @entity1904 and XXXX levels at admission as predictors of duration of acute @entity75 in @entity3124 @entity1 .

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Non-intensive care unit (ICU) cohorts have shown an association between inflammatory disturbances and @entity933 , though these relationships have not been studied in @entity3124 @entity1 . This study sought to investigate the relationship between two inflammatory biomarkers, @entity1904 and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and duration of acute @entity75 in ventilated @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in the Maximizing Efficacy of Targeted Sedation and Reducing @entity51 (MENDS) trial were assessed daily for @entity933 using the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU. Plasma levels of @entity1904 and @entity1851 were obtained within 24 hours of enrollment. Proportional odds logistic regression was used to examine the association between @entity1904 and @entity1851 separately with @entity933 / @entity772 -free days, adjusting for age, acute physiology score (APS) of the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, sedation group ( @entity6948 vs. @entity2934 ), and @entity295 . Secondary analyses examined the association of these markers with other organ dysfunctions and 28-day survival. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1 were included in this analysis. The median age of the @entity1 was 60 years with APACHE II scores of 28; 68% had @entity295 within 48 hours of admission. Higher levels of @entity1904 were associated with fewer @entity933 / @entity772 -free days [odds ratio (OR), 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.3 to 1.0; P = 0.04], whereas higher @entity1851 levels showed trends towards fewer @entity933 / @entity772 -free days (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.1; P = 0.08). Similar relationships were found regardless of the presence of @entity295 . No associations were found between @entity1904 or @entity1851 with 28-day survival (P = 0.40 and 0.16, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In our pilot study, high baseline inflammatory biomarkers predicted prolonged periods of acute @entity75 , implicating @entity32 as an important mechanism in the pathophysiology of @entity933 and @entity772 during @entity3124 , irrespective of whether @entity1 had @entity295 or not.

title: @entity1904 and @entity1851 levels at admission as predictors of duration of acute @entity75 in @entity3124 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the current research of new emerging diagnostic technology for non-invasive physiological monitoring of exercise and @entity410 . As a personal trainer, I believe that exercise can improve the conditions of several diseases and/or events such as @entity64 , post-traumatic @entity542 , @entity1566 , and a multitude of other diseases. This compilation of information will allow health care providers tools of a non-invasive manner to promote healing and health that go beyond the initial event. Allowing @entity1 continued managed care beyond what is believed to be their plateau. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Review science-based research involving non-invasive technology, including cardiovascular evaluations: heart rate monitors, near-infrared spectroscopy, blood pressure, and electrocardiography; motor capabilities: surface electromyography and manual testers, i.e. dynamometer, and digital and video photography; radiological monitoring: magnetic resonance imaging, three-dimensional computer tomography, and laser Doppler. RESULTS: This investigation has found that a new approach should be implemented for non-invasive physiological monitoring of exercise and @entity410 through development and utilization across a wide variety of equipment, and monitoring technology. This non-invasive methodology will not only motivate but encourage individuals to begin and remain compliant with an exercise program allowing a variety of health care providers to assist in @entity1 care. DISCUSSION: We need to shift the paradigm from taking care of the sick to maintaining the health of our @entity1 . This can be accomplished with non-invasive evaluation, tracking, and monitoring tools. Many of the suggestions for monitoring are used in a clinical setting rather than a general @entity410 environment. These monitoring tests need to be economical as well as available for continual re-evaluation.

title: Non-invasive physiological monitoring of exercise and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['fitness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To search for predictors of placebo response in clinical trials of @entity23695 for the treatment of DSM-IV-TR-defined @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in @entity1 and adults. METHOD: We used data from 2 clinical trials: (1) a 4-week, phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, forced-dose, parallel-group study of @entity1 aged 6 to 12 years with @entity71 (n = 290) and (2) a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, forced-dose titration study in adult subjects, aged 18-55 years with @entity71 (n = 420). Response and remission were defined using the @entity71 Rating Scale-IV and the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale. RESULTS: Symptom remission was inversely correlated with baseline severity in both @entity1 and adults (P < .001), with less robust effects seen for response. The time to response and remission was delayed in adult subjects prescribed placebo versus @entity23695 , while response time in @entity1 was also significantly slower with placebo versus @entity23695 (P < .01). We found little evidence that demographic factors, prior pharmacotherapy, the emergence of adverse events during the trial, or changes in @entity71 symptoms from the screening to baseline assessments predicted placebo response. Certain comorbid medical symptoms reduced the response and remission rates to placebo in @entity1 (P < .001) and adults (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In both @entity1 and adults, baseline symptom severity was the most consistent predictor of remission with placebo while the temporal profile of response reliably differentiated placebo from medication responders. Placebo effects are most likely to be minimized in shorter trials enrolling more severely impaired subjects. The impact of medical and @entity146 comorbidities on placebo response merits further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov identifiers NCT00556296 and NCT00334880.

title: Prediction of placebo response in 2 clinical trials of @entity23695 for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity23695 :: ('MESH:C514020', 'Chemical') :: ['lisdexamfetamine dimesylate']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To search for predictors of placebo response in clinical trials of @entity23695 for the treatment of DSM-IV-TR-defined @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in @entity1 and adults. METHOD: We used data from 2 clinical trials: (1) a 4-week, phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, forced-dose, parallel-group study of @entity1 aged 6 to 12 years with @entity71 (n = 290) and (2) a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, forced-dose titration study in adult subjects, aged 18-55 years with @entity71 (n = 420). Response and remission were defined using the @entity71 Rating Scale-IV and the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale. RESULTS: Symptom remission was inversely correlated with baseline severity in both @entity1 and adults (P < .001), with less robust effects seen for response. The time to response and remission was delayed in adult subjects prescribed placebo versus @entity23695 , while response time in @entity1 was also significantly slower with placebo versus @entity23695 (P < .01). We found little evidence that demographic factors, prior pharmacotherapy, the emergence of adverse events during the trial, or changes in @entity71 symptoms from the screening to baseline assessments predicted placebo response. Certain comorbid medical symptoms reduced the response and remission rates to placebo in @entity1 (P < .001) and adults (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In both @entity1 and adults, baseline symptom severity was the most consistent predictor of remission with placebo while the temporal profile of response reliably differentiated placebo from medication responders. Placebo effects are most likely to be minimized in shorter trials enrolling more severely impaired subjects. The impact of medical and @entity146 comorbidities on placebo response merits further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov identifiers NCT00556296 and NCT00334880.

title: Prediction of placebo response in 2 clinical trials of XXXX for the treatment of @entity71 .

answer: @entity23695 :: (MESH:C514020,Chemical) :: ['lisdexamfetamine dimesylate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) @entity169 performed by supervised surgical trainees are absent. METHODS: Retrospective review of TEP inguinal hernioplasties performed by trainees at our institution. RESULTS: From 1995 to 2009, a total of 1,479 @entity169 on 976 @entity1 were performed by supervised surgical trainees. The mean @entity1 age was 54 years (range 5-86). @entity1 (97%), direct defects (51%), and bilateral repairs (52%) predominated. Recurrent @entity547 compromised 17%. Four (.4%) @entity1 were converted to open surgery because of @entity2318 . @entity260 consisted of urinary retention (8%), @entity2080 (3%), and @entity1410 (2%). Trainee participation included interns (46%), PGY-2s (10%), @entity3970 s (2%), @entity9746 s (3%), and PGY-5s (39%). With a mean follow-up of 6.1 years, recurrence and bothersome groin @entity158 rates were 2.6% and 1.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: With adequate supervision, surgical trainees can safely perform the TEP repair with good long-term outcomes.

title: Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal XXXX performed by supervised surgical trainees.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repairs']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repairs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine incidence and severity of @entity306 ( @entity306 ), and associated factors among preterm survivors (gestational age <34 weeks), admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit from 1990-2005. STUDY DESIGN: Eighteen antenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors were analyzed. The cohort was divided in four birth periods: 1990-1993 (n=661), 1994-1997 (n=726), 1998-2001 (n=723), and 2002-2005 (n=850). The Gross Motor Function Classification System was used as primary outcome measure (mean age: 32.9    5.3 months). Logistic regression analyses were used. RESULTS: @entity306 incidence decreased from 6.5% in period I, to 2.6%, 2.9% and 2.2% (P<.001) in period II-IV, respectively. Simultaneously, @entity5719 ( @entity5719 ) decreased from 3.3% in period I to 1.3% in period IV (P=.004). Within the total cohort (n=3287), @entity5719 grade III decreased from 2.3% in period I to 0.2% in period IV (P=.003). The number of @entity1 with Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III-V decreased from period I to IV (P=.035). Independent risk factors for @entity306 were @entity5719 and severe @entity548 , whereas antenatal antibiotics, presence of an arterial line, Caesarean section, and gestational age were independent protective factors. CONCLUSION: @entity306 incidence and severity decreased from 1990-1993 onward, which could be attributed to a reduction of 93% in severe @entity5719 .

title: Decreasing incidence and severity of XXXX in prematurely born @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['cystic periventricular leukomalacia', 'c-PVL']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine incidence and severity of @entity306 ( @entity306 ), and associated factors among preterm survivors (gestational age <34 weeks), admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit from 1990-2005. STUDY DESIGN: Eighteen antenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors were analyzed. The cohort was divided in four birth periods: 1990-1993 (n=661), 1994-1997 (n=726), 1998-2001 (n=723), and 2002-2005 (n=850). The Gross Motor Function Classification System was used as primary outcome measure (mean age: 32.9    5.3 months). Logistic regression analyses were used. RESULTS: @entity306 incidence decreased from 6.5% in period I, to 2.6%, 2.9% and 2.2% (P<.001) in period II-IV, respectively. Simultaneously, @entity5719 ( @entity5719 ) decreased from 3.3% in period I to 1.3% in period IV (P=.004). Within the total cohort (n=3287), @entity5719 grade III decreased from 2.3% in period I to 0.2% in period IV (P=.003). The number of @entity1 with Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III-V decreased from period I to IV (P=.035). Independent risk factors for @entity306 were @entity5719 and severe @entity548 , whereas antenatal antibiotics, presence of an arterial line, Caesarean section, and gestational age were independent protective factors. CONCLUSION: @entity306 incidence and severity decreased from 1990-1993 onward, which could be attributed to a reduction of 93% in severe @entity5719 .

title: Decreasing incidence and severity of @entity306 in prematurely born XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Prognostication may be difficult in comatose @entity1167 survivors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is potentially useful in the prediction of neurological outcome, and it may detect acute @entity63 at an early stage. In a pilot setting we determined the prevalence and development of @entity2806 using serial MRI examinations and neurological assessment. METHODS: Ten witnessed out-of-hospital @entity1167 @entity1 were included. MRI was carried out approximately 2h after admission to the hospital, repeated after 24h of therapeutic @entity2332 and 96 h after the arrest. The images were assessed for development of @entity2806 . Neurophysiological and cognitive tests as well as a self-reported quality-of-life questionnaire, Short Form-36 (SF-36), were administered minimum 12 months after discharge. RESULTS: None of the @entity1 had @entity2806 on MRI at admission. Three @entity1 developed @entity2806 after therapeutic @entity2332 . There was a change in the apparent diffusion coefficient, which significantly correlated with the temperature (p < 0.001). The neurophysiological tests appeared normal. The @entity1 scored significantly better on SF 36 than the controls as regards both bodily @entity158 (p = 0.023) and mental health (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: MRI performed in an early phase after @entity1167 has limitations, as MRI performed after 24 and 96 h revealed @entity2806 not detectable on admission. ADC was related to the core temperature, and not to the volume distributed intravenously. Follow-up neurophysiologic tests and self-reported quality of life were good.

title: Repeated magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral performance after XXXX --a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions', 'cerebral ischemia', 'acute ischemic lesions', 'acute cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the safety and efficacy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in the management of aortobronchial @entity292 . METHODS: A retrospective review was performed at Emory University Hospital to identify all @entity1 who presented with an aortobronchial fistula. The diagnosis was based on clinical, radiologic, and bronchoscopic findings. @entity1 who underwent TEVAR as definitive management of these @entity292 were identified. Demographics, history of thoracic aorta pathology or intervention, type and number of endografts used, need for reoperation, and clinical and radiologic follow-up data were collected for each individual. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2009, 11 @entity1 received TEVAR as definitive management of aortobronchial @entity292 . Technical success was achieved in 10 @entity1 (91%). Six @entity1 (55%) had previously undergone thoracic aortic surgery. A proximal type 1 endoleak developed in one @entity1 after graft deployment and required reintervention for additional graft placement. No intraoperative or 30-day deaths occurred. Postoperative clinical and radiographic assessment was a mean of 8.8 months (range, 1-40 months). For all 10 @entity1 in whom technical success was achieved at the initial operation, no endoleaks were noted at the follow-up CT scan. In addition, no @entity1 required a further intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the largest reported series on the use of TEVAR in the management of aortobronchial @entity292 . Supported by postoperative surveillance imaging and clinical evaluation, TEVAR has proven to be a safe and effective management strategy for an otherwise lethal condition. Long-term follow-up data are needed to ascertain the durability of this approach.

title: Thoracic endovascular repair as a safe management strategy for aortobronchial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: The present study is based on electron microscopical examinations of 15 conventional @entity511 , 1 clear cell @entity511 , 3 @entity11262 , 2 so-called @entity242 (extraskeletal @entity3293 ), 4 sacrococcygeal @entity3580 , 2 ecchordoses and 1 @entity5 of tibia with features of a true peripheral @entity3580 (parachordoma). The neoplastic cells from various types of @entity511 shared a number of features with nonneoplastic chondrocytes as e.g. a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and microvillous cytoplasmic processes. In @entity1358 , glycogen accumulation in the @entity5 cells was a prominent feature. The cells of @entity11262 usually showed the characteristics of immature mesenchymal cells. In contrast, @entity3580 commonly contained physaliferous cells with two types of vacuoles in their cytoplasm. The first type can be most adequately characterized as intracytoplasmic pseudoinclusions of intercellular substance, whereas the other type, glycogen-containing, single membrane-bound vacuoles most probably correspond to autophagosomes (cytolysosomes). Only vacuoles of the first type were recorded in the so-called @entity242 . They were also seen in @entity511 . In contrast, both types of vacuoles were identified in the above-mentioned tibial @entity5 which, in addition, showed even other cytological characteristics of @entity3580 . The findings presented here have demonstrated distinct structural relationships between @entity242 and @entity5 . On the other hand, our observation of the uncommon tibial @entity5 indicates the possibility that @entity5 identical with @entity3580 may occur at sites other than the axial skeleton.

title: A comparative ultrastructural study of XXXX , @entity242 , @entity3580 and @entity3580 periphericum.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['chordoid sarcoma', 'chordoid sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity11262 :: ('MESH:D018211', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal chondrosarcomas', 'mesenchymal chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'chondrogenic tumours', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3293 :: ('MESH:C563195', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear-cell chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas', 'chordoma']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma']


abstract: The present study is based on electron microscopical examinations of 15 conventional @entity511 , 1 clear cell @entity511 , 3 @entity11262 , 2 so-called @entity242 (extraskeletal @entity3293 ), 4 sacrococcygeal @entity3580 , 2 ecchordoses and 1 @entity5 of tibia with features of a true peripheral @entity3580 (parachordoma). The neoplastic cells from various types of @entity511 shared a number of features with nonneoplastic chondrocytes as e.g. a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and microvillous cytoplasmic processes. In @entity1358 , glycogen accumulation in the @entity5 cells was a prominent feature. The cells of @entity11262 usually showed the characteristics of immature mesenchymal cells. In contrast, @entity3580 commonly contained physaliferous cells with two types of vacuoles in their cytoplasm. The first type can be most adequately characterized as intracytoplasmic pseudoinclusions of intercellular substance, whereas the other type, glycogen-containing, single membrane-bound vacuoles most probably correspond to autophagosomes (cytolysosomes). Only vacuoles of the first type were recorded in the so-called @entity242 . They were also seen in @entity511 . In contrast, both types of vacuoles were identified in the above-mentioned tibial @entity5 which, in addition, showed even other cytological characteristics of @entity3580 . The findings presented here have demonstrated distinct structural relationships between @entity242 and @entity5 . On the other hand, our observation of the uncommon tibial @entity5 indicates the possibility that @entity5 identical with @entity3580 may occur at sites other than the axial skeleton.

title: A comparative ultrastructural study of @entity511 , @entity242 , XXXX and @entity3580 periphericum.

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: The present study is based on electron microscopical examinations of 15 conventional @entity511 , 1 clear cell @entity511 , 3 @entity11262 , 2 so-called @entity242 (extraskeletal @entity3293 ), 4 sacrococcygeal @entity3580 , 2 ecchordoses and 1 @entity5 of tibia with features of a true peripheral @entity3580 (parachordoma). The neoplastic cells from various types of @entity511 shared a number of features with nonneoplastic chondrocytes as e.g. a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and microvillous cytoplasmic processes. In @entity1358 , glycogen accumulation in the @entity5 cells was a prominent feature. The cells of @entity11262 usually showed the characteristics of immature mesenchymal cells. In contrast, @entity3580 commonly contained physaliferous cells with two types of vacuoles in their cytoplasm. The first type can be most adequately characterized as intracytoplasmic pseudoinclusions of intercellular substance, whereas the other type, glycogen-containing, single membrane-bound vacuoles most probably correspond to autophagosomes (cytolysosomes). Only vacuoles of the first type were recorded in the so-called @entity242 . They were also seen in @entity511 . In contrast, both types of vacuoles were identified in the above-mentioned tibial @entity5 which, in addition, showed even other cytological characteristics of @entity3580 . The findings presented here have demonstrated distinct structural relationships between @entity242 and @entity5 . On the other hand, our observation of the uncommon tibial @entity5 indicates the possibility that @entity5 identical with @entity3580 may occur at sites other than the axial skeleton.

title: A comparative ultrastructural study of @entity511 , @entity242 , @entity3580 and XXXX periphericum.

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: The present study is based on electron microscopical examinations of 15 conventional @entity511 , 1 clear cell @entity511 , 3 @entity11262 , 2 so-called @entity242 (extraskeletal @entity3293 ), 4 sacrococcygeal @entity3580 , 2 ecchordoses and 1 @entity5 of tibia with features of a true peripheral @entity3580 (parachordoma). The neoplastic cells from various types of @entity511 shared a number of features with nonneoplastic chondrocytes as e.g. a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and microvillous cytoplasmic processes. In @entity1358 , glycogen accumulation in the @entity5 cells was a prominent feature. The cells of @entity11262 usually showed the characteristics of immature mesenchymal cells. In contrast, @entity3580 commonly contained physaliferous cells with two types of vacuoles in their cytoplasm. The first type can be most adequately characterized as intracytoplasmic pseudoinclusions of intercellular substance, whereas the other type, glycogen-containing, single membrane-bound vacuoles most probably correspond to autophagosomes (cytolysosomes). Only vacuoles of the first type were recorded in the so-called @entity242 . They were also seen in @entity511 . In contrast, both types of vacuoles were identified in the above-mentioned tibial @entity5 which, in addition, showed even other cytological characteristics of @entity3580 . The findings presented here have demonstrated distinct structural relationships between @entity242 and @entity5 . On the other hand, our observation of the uncommon tibial @entity5 indicates the possibility that @entity5 identical with @entity3580 may occur at sites other than the axial skeleton.

title: A comparative ultrastructural study of @entity511 , XXXX , @entity3580 and @entity3580 periphericum.

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['chordoid sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1575 is a @entity1575 , and nodule formation. The @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ) and @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ) are very important cytokines in hepatic fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the changes of the serum cytokines and morphological changes following common bile duct ligation in experimental @entity35 . METHODS: Common bile ducts of fifty male @entity35 were ligated and seven male @entity35 were set aside as controls. Five @entity35 each were sacrificed in 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 experimental weeks. Light microscopic studies and liver function tests were performed during the above experimental weeks. The levels of serum @entity1810 and @entity13358 were analyzed by ELISA. Also, @entity1918 ( @entity1918 ) immunohistochemical stains were performed. RESULTS: On the eighth week after common bile duct ligation, most hepatic lobular areas had been replaced by proliferated bile ducts and fibrous tissue (typical @entity2835 ). Serum @entity1810 levels between the control group and the common bile duct ligation group showed statistically significant changes. The @entity1918 was stained at proliferated bile ducts. These findings were correlated with each other. CONCLUSION: Thus, this experiment may clarify our understanding of the mechanism in liver fibrogenesis. Also, indicated is a need to explore the therapeutic potential of these cytokines as anti-fibrotic agents.

title: Changes in serum cytokine concentration: a morphological study of liver cirrhosis induced by common bile duct ligation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha smooth muscle actin', 'alpha-SMA']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta 1', 'transforming growth factor-beta 1']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hepatic fibrosis', 'Liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Tuberculous and nontuberculous @entity358 is often initially misdiagnosed, delaying therapy. To identify findings which might help avoid such delays, we performed a retrospective review of all @entity1 admitted to two community hospitals over a 6-year period for @entity166 or apical segment of the lower lobe. 10 @entity1 with @entity378 and 16 with nontuberculous @entity281 were identified. Delays in initiating therapy were common to both. Most signs and symptoms were nonspecific. The mean duration of symptoms was greater in @entity378 (72 days) compared to nontuberculous @entity281 (18 days). Putrid sputum was found only in nontuberculous @entity281 (11/16). Roentgenographic features of fibronodular infiltration and @entity891 occurred only in @entity378 . Air fluid levels were seen only in nontuberculous disease (10/16). @entity491 with @entity44 neutrophils was found only in @entity1 with nontuberculous cavities. We conclude that the previously described clinical, laboratory, and roentgenographic features may be useful in correctly diagnosing @entity358 .

title: Differentiation of tuberculous from nontuberculous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['cavitary lung disease', 'infectious cavitary lung disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious cavitary disease of the upper lobe']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['Leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immature']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['cavitary lung disease']


abstract: @entity5 resection is a common surgical procedure in @entity1 with @entity3478 . The aim of this study is to develop and validate a computer-assisted method for selecting the most appropriate allograft from a cadaver bone bank. Fifty tibiae and femora were 3D reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) images. A transepiphyseal resection was applied to all of them in a virtual environment. A tool was developed and evaluated that compares each metaphyseal piece against all other bones in the data bank. This is done through a template matching process, where the template is extracted from the contralateral healthy bone of the same @entity1 . The method was validated using surface distance metrics and statistical tests comparing it against manual methods. The developed algorithm was able to accurately detect the bone segment that best matches the @entity1 's anatomy. The automatic method showed improvement over the manual counterpart. The proposed method also substantially reduced computation time when compared to state-of-the-art methods as well as the manual selection. Our findings suggest that the accuracy, robustness, and speed of the developed method are suitable for clinical trials and that it can be readily applied for preoperative allograft selection.

title: Allograft selection for transepiphyseal XXXX resection around the knee using three-dimensional surface registration.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Transepiphyseal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Because of the increased clinical use of computed tomography (CT) for imaging the abdominal vasculature and urinary tract, there is a need for negative contrast agents. The authors undertook this study to assess the suitability of @entity21710 -coated cellulose (SCC), which is approved for use as an oral contrast agent in sonography, for use as a negative oral contrast agent in abdominal CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study involved 40 adult @entity1 scheduled to undergo abdominal CT for the evaluation of @entity811 . Prior to scanning, 20 subjects received 800 mL of SCC and 20 received 800 mL of water as an oral contrast agent. Imaging was performed with a multi-detector row helical scanner in two phases, according to the abdominal CT protocol used for @entity811 evaluation at the authors' institution. The first, "early" phase began an average of 15 minutes after the ingestion of contrast material; the second, "late" phase began an average of 45 minutes after the ingestion of contrast material. Blinded analysis was performed by three abdominal radiologists separately, using a three-point scale (0 = poor, 1 = acceptable, 2 = excellent) to assess the effectiveness of SCC for marking the proximal, middle, and distal small bowel. Average scores for enhancement with SCC and with water were obtained and compared. Statistical analysis was performed with a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: SCC was assigned higher mean scores than water for enhancement in each segment of the bowel, both on early-phase images (0.8-1.35 for SCC vs 0.6-1.1 for water) and on late-phase images (1.1-1.4 vs 0.81-0.96). Bowel marking with SCC, particularly in the jejunum and ileum, also was rated better than that with water in a high percentage of @entity1 . The differences between the scores for water and for SCC, however, were not statistically significant (P > .05). CONCLUSION: SCC is effective as a negative oral contrast agent for small bowel marking at CT.

title: Evaluation of XXXX -coated cellulose as a negative oral contrast agent for abdominal CT.

entities_list: @entity21710 :: ('MESH:D012841', 'Chemical') :: ['simethicone']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity21710 :: (MESH:D012841,Chemical) :: ['simethicone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Phospholipase C-yl (PLC-yl) is known to play a critical role in cell adhesion and migration and is highly expressed in @entity3 . In the current study, we found that cells transformed by PLC overexpression (PLC-yl cells) exhibited a marked decrease in expression of the @entity23687 ( @entity23687 ). Here, we assessed the role of @entity23687 -dependent signaling pathways in PLC-yl-dependent regulation of cell adhesion and migration. METHODS: Expression and phosphorylation of @entity23687 and its functional role in PLC-yl cells were evaluated by immunoblot analysis or cell adhesion assay. The mechanism for PLC-y1-induced @entity23687 downregulation was analyzed by blockage of proteosomal degradation with @entity16626 . @entity23687 expression was also confirmed in @entity14 tissues in which PLC-yl was highly expressed. RESULTS: @entity23687 was present on @entity35 fibroblasts, where it functionally active and capable of increasing cell adhesion and migratory activity. However, PLC-yl cells significantly decreased the @entity5301 -dependent effects via ubiquitination-proteosomal degradation of @entity23687 . A marked decrease of @entity23687 expression was confirmed in @entity14 tissues that showed high-level of PLC-yl expression. CONCLUSION: The @entity5301 / @entity23687 complex plays a critical role in the adhesion and migration of @entity35 fibroblasts, and its functional inactivation is associated with PLC-yl-dependent reduction of cell-matrix adhesion and this also affects cell migration.

title: Downregulation of XXXX receptor by overexpression of phospholipase C-gamma 1 is critical for decrease on focal adhesion in transformed cells.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity5301 :: (24335(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity16 after proximal humerus @entity174 is variable, ranging from 6.2% to as much as 67%. However, it is unclear what factors might contribute to these injuries or whether they can be prevented by intraoperative nerve monitoring. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: Therefore, using intraoperative nerve monitoring, we assessed the incidence, pattern of nerve involvement, and predisposing factors for @entity128 before and during shoulder @entity174 fixation. @entity1 AND METHODS: We used continuous intraoperative monitoring of the brachial plexus in 37 @entity1 undergoing open operative treatment of proximal humerus @entity174 . Impending intraoperative compromise of nerve function was signaled by sustained neurotonic EMG activity or greater than 50% amplitude attenuation of transcranial electrical motor evoked potentials (MEPs) (or both). When a nerve alert occurred, current surgical activity and arm and retractor position were recorded and adjustments were made to relieve @entity2701 . RESULTS: The intraoperative affected nerves included axillary (46%), combined (mixed @entity5300 ) (23%), radial (23%), musculocutaneous (4%), and ulnar (4%). Postoperatively, three @entity1 had @entity129 , which fully resolved within 3 weeks of surgery. Low body mass index (BMI) (22.7    2.8), history of cervical @entity66 , @entity6 , and delay in surgical treatment (14    2.9 days from @entity130 ) were associated with an increased incidence of @entity129 . CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest transcranial electrical MEPs are sensitive indicators of impending @entity130 to the @entity1897 (or both) during open operative treatment of proximal humerus @entity174 . The use of intraoperative nerve monitoring during these procedures may be considered for the prevention of @entity128 , particularly in @entity1 with underlying cervical @entity66 , low BMI, @entity6 , and/or delay in surgical treatment greater than approximately 14 days. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Nerve monitoring during proximal humeral XXXX fixation: what have we learned?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve dysfunction', 'transient nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spine disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['plexopathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus or peripheral nerves']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury', 'time of injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']