abstract: The @entity72167 (cby) mutant is a previously undescribed skeletal mutation in the @entity19 . Breeding experiments showed that cby is a recessive mutant with complete viability, full penetrance and fertility in both sexes. Tests for allelism showed that the cby mutant is genetically unlike the somewhat similar mutants, stumpy ( @entity72168 ), @entity2338 (smc), @entity72169 (bm), and @entity5884 (cn). The defects seem to occur mainly in growth cartilage. Microradiography revealed increased height of the epiphyseal growth plate and irregular bone trabeculae in the metaphysis. Light microscopy showed disturbed columnar organization of proliferative chondrocytes and pronounced signs of cellular disintegration. The @entity1184 zone, however, contained normally shaped chondrocytes arranged in regular columns. In spite of the normal cellular hypertrophy the pattern of cartilage mineralization was disturbed. The electron microscopy studies revealed very high amounts of matrix vesicles and numerous larger membrane coated structures in the extracellular matrix. Biochemical analysis of the affected growth cartilage revealed a slightly modified pattern of proteoglycan subpopulations and considerably longer chondroitin @entity597 chains when compared with controls. From the present study it can be concluded that the cby mutant is a genetically and morphologically distinct condition with characteristic, somewhat rickets-like stigmata. The pathogenetic mechanism underlying the condition remains to be clarified.

title: XXXX : a new autosomal recessive skeletal mutation producing dwarfism in the @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary dwarf (dw), spondylometaphyseal chondrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5884 :: ('MESH:D000130', 'Disease') :: ['achondroplasia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity72167 :: (12420(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Chubby']


abstract: The @entity72167 (cby) mutant is a previously undescribed skeletal mutation in the @entity19 . Breeding experiments showed that cby is a recessive mutant with complete viability, full penetrance and fertility in both sexes. Tests for allelism showed that the cby mutant is genetically unlike the somewhat similar mutants, stumpy ( @entity72168 ), @entity2338 (smc), @entity72169 (bm), and @entity5884 (cn). The defects seem to occur mainly in growth cartilage. Microradiography revealed increased height of the epiphyseal growth plate and irregular bone trabeculae in the metaphysis. Light microscopy showed disturbed columnar organization of proliferative chondrocytes and pronounced signs of cellular disintegration. The @entity1184 zone, however, contained normally shaped chondrocytes arranged in regular columns. In spite of the normal cellular hypertrophy the pattern of cartilage mineralization was disturbed. The electron microscopy studies revealed very high amounts of matrix vesicles and numerous larger membrane coated structures in the extracellular matrix. Biochemical analysis of the affected growth cartilage revealed a slightly modified pattern of proteoglycan subpopulations and considerably longer chondroitin @entity597 chains when compared with controls. From the present study it can be concluded that the cby mutant is a genetically and morphologically distinct condition with characteristic, somewhat rickets-like stigmata. The pathogenetic mechanism underlying the condition remains to be clarified.

title: @entity72167 : a new autosomal recessive skeletal mutation producing dwarfism in the XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attenuation correction (AC) in fully integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) systems plays a key role for the quantification of tracer uptake. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the accuracy of standardized uptake value (SUV) quantification using MR-based AC in direct comparison with computed tomography (CT)-based AC of the same PET data set on a large @entity1 population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 (22 female; mean [SD], 61 [11] years) were examined by means of combined PET/CT and PET/MR ( @entity25249 , @entity419 , or 68Ga-DOTATATE) subsequently. Positron emission tomography images from PET/MR examinations were corrected with MR-derived AC based on tissue segmentation (PET(MR)). The same PET data were corrected using CT-based attenuation maps ( -maps) derived from PET/CT after nonrigid registration of the CT to the MR-based  -map (PET(MRCT)). Positron emission tomography SUVs were quantified placing regions of interest or volumes of interest in 6 different body regions as well as PET-avid lesions, respectively. RESULTS: The relative differences of quantitative PET values when using MR-based AC versus CT-based AC were varying depending on the organs and body regions assessed. In detail, the mean (SD) relative differences of PET SUVs were as follows: -7.8% (11.5%), blood pool; -3.6% (5.8%), spleen; -4.4% (5.6%)/-4.1% (6.2%), liver; -0.6% (5.0%), muscle; -1.3% (6.3%), fat; -40.0% (18.7%), bone; 1.6% (4.4%), @entity409 ; -6.2% (6.8%), @entity79 ; and -1.9% (6.2%), soft tissue lesions. In 10 @entity409 , distinct overestimations greater than 5% were found (up to 10%). In addition, overestimations were found in 2 @entity79 and 1 soft tissue lesion adjacent to the lung (up to 28.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained using different PET tracers show that MR-based AC is accurate in most tissue types, with SUV deviations generally of less than 10%. In bone, however, underestimations can be pronounced, potentially leading to inaccurate SUV quantifications. In addition, SUV overestimations were found for some lesions close to lung borders. This has to be taken into account when comparing PET/CT- and PET/MR-derived SUVs.

title: Comparison of Positron Emission Tomography Quantification Using Magnetic Resonance- and Computed Tomography-Based Attenuation Correction in Physiological Tissues and Lesions: A Whole-Body Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Study in 66 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is critical in developmental osteogenesis, and recent studies suggest it may also play a role in regulating osteogenic gene expression in the post-natal setting. However, there is a void of studies directly assessing the effect of Hh inhibition on post-natal osteogenesis. This study utilized a cyclic loading-induced ulnar stress @entity174 model to evaluate the hypothesis that Hh signaling contributes to osteogenesis and angiogenesis during stress @entity174 healing. Immediately prior to loading, adult @entity35 were given @entity2752 ( @entity2752 - a selective Hh pathway inhibitor; 50mg/kg orally twice daily), or vehicle. Hh signaling was upregulated in response to stress @entity174 at 3days ( @entity56950 , @entity10196 expression), and was markedly inhibited by @entity2752 at 1day and 3days in the loaded and non-loaded ulnae. @entity2752 did not affect Hh ligand expression ( @entity13827 , Ihh, @entity72170 ) at 1day, but decreased @entity13827 expression by 37% at 3days. @entity2752 decreased woven bone volume (-37%) and mineral density (-17%) at 7days. Dynamic histomorphometry revealed that the 7day callus was composed predominantly of woven bone in both groups. The observed reduction in woven bone occurred concomitantly with decreased expression of @entity60739 and @entity28254 , but was not associated with differences in early cellular proliferation (as determined by callus PCNA staining at 3days), osteoblastic differentiation (Osx expression at 1day and 3days), chondrogenic gene expression ( @entity34726 , @entity30933 , and @entity22601 expression at 1day and 3days), or bone resorption metrics (callus TRAP staining at 3days, @entity9248 and @entity9249 expression at 1day and 3days). To evaluate angiogenesis, vWF immunohistochemistry showed that @entity2752 reduced @entity174 callus blood vessel density by 55% at 3days, which was associated with increased @entity16705 gene expression (+30%). Dynamic histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that @entity2752 also inhibited lamellar bone formation. Lamellar bone analysis of the loaded limb (directly adjacent to the woven bone callus) showed that @entity2752 significantly decreased mineral apposition rate (MAR) and bone formation rate (BFR/BS) (-17% and -20%, respectively). Lamellar BFR/BS in the non-loaded ulna was also significantly decreased (-37%), indicating that Hh signaling was required for normal bone modeling. In conclusion, Hh signaling plays an important role in post-natal osteogenesis in the setting of stress @entity174 healing, mediating its effects directly through regulation of bone formation and angiogenesis.

title: Hedgehog signaling mediates woven bone formation and vascularization during stress XXXX healing.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanisms of action of @entity7187 in pediatric @entity1576 and their clinical indications. SOURCES: Review in the PubMed database, comprising the following terms in English: " @entity7646 and @entity565 "; " @entity7646 and @entity1577 "; " @entity7646 @entity5924 and viral acute"; " @entity7646 and @entity4154 " and " @entity7646 and non- @entity1577 @entity4595 ". SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: The spectrum of action of @entity7187 includes production of inflammatory mediators, control of mucus hypersecretion, and modulation of host-defense mechanisms. The potential benefit of @entity7646 antibiotics has been studied in a variety of @entity358 , such as @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ), @entity4595 , @entity565 , acute @entity5924 , and non- @entity1577 @entity4595 . Several studies have evaluated the benefits of @entity7187 in @entity565 refractory to therapy, but the results are controversial and indications should be limited to specific phenotypes. In @entity25081 , there is no consistent benefit in acute conditions, although recent data have shown an effect in recurrent wheezing prevention. In @entity1 with @entity1577 results are also contradictory, but the consensus states there is a small clinical benefit, especially for @entity1 infected with @entity796 . There was also no positive action of @entity7187 in @entity1 with post-infectious @entity4154 . @entity1 with non- @entity1577 @entity4595 seem to have clear benefits regarding the use of @entity7187 , which showed clinical advantages in parenchyma protection and lung function. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term use of @entity7187 should be limited to highly selected situations, especially in @entity1 with @entity4595 . Careful evaluation of the benefits and potential damage are tools for their indication in specific groups.

title: Use of @entity7187 in pediatric XXXX : recent literature controversies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity25081 :: ('MESH:D001990', 'Disease') :: ['viral bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanisms of action of @entity7187 in pediatric @entity1576 and their clinical indications. SOURCES: Review in the PubMed database, comprising the following terms in English: " @entity7646 and @entity565 "; " @entity7646 and @entity1577 "; " @entity7646 @entity5924 and viral acute"; " @entity7646 and @entity4154 " and " @entity7646 and non- @entity1577 @entity4595 ". SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: The spectrum of action of @entity7187 includes production of inflammatory mediators, control of mucus hypersecretion, and modulation of host-defense mechanisms. The potential benefit of @entity7646 antibiotics has been studied in a variety of @entity358 , such as @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ), @entity4595 , @entity565 , acute @entity5924 , and non- @entity1577 @entity4595 . Several studies have evaluated the benefits of @entity7187 in @entity565 refractory to therapy, but the results are controversial and indications should be limited to specific phenotypes. In @entity25081 , there is no consistent benefit in acute conditions, although recent data have shown an effect in recurrent wheezing prevention. In @entity1 with @entity1577 results are also contradictory, but the consensus states there is a small clinical benefit, especially for @entity1 infected with @entity796 . There was also no positive action of @entity7187 in @entity1 with post-infectious @entity4154 . @entity1 with non- @entity1577 @entity4595 seem to have clear benefits regarding the use of @entity7187 , which showed clinical advantages in parenchyma protection and lung function. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term use of @entity7187 should be limited to highly selected situations, especially in @entity1 with @entity4595 . Careful evaluation of the benefits and potential damage are tools for their indication in specific groups.

title: Use of XXXX in pediatric @entity358 : recent literature controversies.

answer: @entity7187 :: (MESH:D018942,Chemical) :: ['macrolides']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity272 ( @entity272 ) are common benign dermal connective tissue neoplasms that are mainly composed of loose fibrous tissue. However, their exact etiology is not fully understood. @entity1243 is a major player in the biology and pathology of the skin and its appendages. It is linked to cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and survival with pronounced effects on angiogenesis, blood flow, and tissue perfusion. This study aimed at investigating the possible role of @entity1243 in @entity272 pathogenesis and correlating its expression with different clinical and histopathological parameters. Using immunohistochemical techniques, we examined 90 subjects. These included 60 @entity28 cases with @entity272 and 30 age-, gender- and Body Mass Index-matched normal subjects as a control group. @entity1243 was overexpressed in @entity272 compared with normal skin (p   <   .001). Nuclear and nucleocytoplasmic patterns were significantly associated with cases both in epidermis (p   <   .04) and dermis (p   <   .001). Higher epidermal @entity1243 H score was significantly associated with female gender (p   =   .004) and haphazard collagen arrangement (p   <   .03). Higher dermal @entity1243 H score was significantly associated with smooth @entity272 (p   =   .01), dilated blood vessels (p   =   .04), presence of mast cells (MCs) (p   =   .002), presence of inflammatory cells (p   =   .004), and haphazard collagen arrangement (p   <   .001). In conclusion, @entity1243 may play a role in @entity272 pathogenesis through its effects on keratinocytes, fibroblasts and vascular endothelium. Further studies are recommended to clarify the molecular interplay between @entity1243 and MCs in ST pathogenesis. Further studies are also needed to determine the significance of its nuclear expression.

title: Immunohistochemical Evaluation of XXXX Role in Skin Tags.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin tags', 'STs', 'Skin tags']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['Leptin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Dual acid-etching is widely used to modify dental implant topography and enhance early bone healing. This study evaluated the histomorphometric, biomechanical, and histological bone response to acid-etched ( @entity5066 ) in comparison with grit-blasted/acid-etched (GB) and machined control (C) implants within sites of relatively low-bone remodeling rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Implant surface topography was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and optical interferometry (IFM). Six adult male @entity742 (n = 6) received 72 Ti-6Al-4V implants (n = 24 per surface) in both ilium (n = 12 per bone bilaterally). The implants remained for 3 and 6 weeks in vivo. The histomorphometric parameters bone-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were evaluated. Biomechanical analysis consisted of torque-to-interface failure. RESULTS: IFM analysis showed the highest average surface roughness for GB and the highest density of summits and developed surface area percentage (P < 0.01) for @entity5066 . No difference was observed in BAFO for all groups in 3 and 6 weeks. Increased BIC and torque resistance were observed for @entity5066 implants at both time points after implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, improved bone-to-implant response was observed for the @entity5066 implant surface.

title: Surface Characterization and In Vivo Evaluation of Dual Acid-Etched and Grit-Blasted/Acid-Etched Implants in XXXX .

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['Sheep']


abstract: AIMS: Soil @entity3494 (As) contamination of food-chains and public health can be mitigated through fungal bioremediation. To enumerate culturable soil fungi, soils were collected from the As-contaminated paddy fields (3-35 mg kg(-1) ) of the middle Indo-Gangetic Plains. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total 54 fungal strains were obtained and identified at their molecular level. All strains were tested for As tolerance (from 100 to 10,000 mg l(-1) @entity9491 ). Fifteen fungal strains, tolerant to 10,000 mg l(-1) @entity9491 , were studied for As removal in-vivo for 21 days by cultivating them individually in @entity415 dextrose broth enriched with 10 mg l(-1) As. The bioaccumulation of As in fungal biomass ranged from 0  023 to 0  259 g kg(-1). The biovolatilized As ranged from 0  23 to 6  4 mg kg(-1). CONCLUSIONS: Higher As bioaccumulation and biovolatilization observed in the seven fungal strains, @entity12799 FNBR_L35; Fusarium sp. FNBR_B7, FNBR_LK5 and FNBR_B3; @entity14940 FNBR_LK1; Rhizomucor variabilis sp. FNBR_B9; and @entity14940 sp. FNBR_BA5. These fungal strains were also tested and found suitable for significant plant growth promotion in the calendula, withania and oat plants in a greenhouse based pot experiment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: These fungal strains can be used for As remediation in As-contaminated agricultural soils.

title: Soil fungi for mycoremediation of XXXX pollution in agriculture soils.

entities_list: @entity9491 :: ('MESH:C025657', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenate']

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans', 'Emericella']

entities_list: @entity12799 :: ('5062', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus oryzae']

answer: @entity3494 :: (MESH:D001151,Chemical) :: ['arsenic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early treatment of @entity1907 ( @entity1907 ) is necessary for a successful @entity378 ( @entity378 ) control program. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine total treatment delay and its associated factors among @entity1907 @entity1 in Ahvaz. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed among newly diagnosed @entity1907 cases registered in 2010 at the Ahvaz health center. Total treatment delay was defined as the time interval between the onsets of cough to the initiation of anti- @entity378 treatment. @entity378 diagnosis and treatment was based on the national @entity378 program (NTP). Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software by chi-square and Fisher's exact test with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 38.9    12.3 years; 83 were male and 56 were female. Of the 139 smear positive @entity1907 cases, 91 (65.5%) cases had received delayed-treatment. The mean time between onset of symptoms, diagnosis and treatment was 73 days (median: 48 days, range: 4-570 days). Female gender (OR (95% CI): 2.9, 1.03-8.23, P = 0.02), smoking (OR (95% CI): 0.49, 0.22-0.96, P = 0.04) and receiving immunosuppressive drugs (OR (95% CI): 8.18, 1.09-75.31, P < 0.05) were associated with longer delayed time. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed diagnosis and treatment of @entity378 appears to be the main problem in the @entity378 control program of the region. Delayed time is significantly associated with female gender, smoking and immunosuppressive drugs.

title: Factors associated with delay in diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'PTB']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Moderate and chronic @entity9252 is a common disease affecting the hand. Treatment can be effective but the affection is often recurrent, especially as an @entity3675 . Also, this condition may be complicated by a Candida s pp or @entity2348 . Therefore, general preventive measures can be useful in maintaining healing. OBJECTIVE: T he aim of this study was to investigate the e fficacy and tolerability of a new combination of topical medications in the treatment and prevention of moderate and chronic @entity9252 . This formulation includes an insulating polymer ( @entity15735 -cell barrier), two topical antifungals (octopirox and climbazole) and a molecule with anti-inflammatory activity (Corticoid - like Repair). @entity1 AND METHODS: 30 adult subjects (age, 16--78 years; 24 females and 6 males) affected by moderate or chronic @entity9252 with or without nail alterations associated were evaluated. Included in the study were @entity1 with @entity3408 (8); @entity9759 (19); psoriatic @entity9252 (2 @entity1 ); @entity5806 (1 @entity1 ). Sometimes Candida spp or bacteria overlap with @entity9252 (16 @entity1 positive for Candida spp and 4 @entity1 with @entity2348 ), sometimes infectious @entity9252 was not associated with @entity1909 of the hands. All 30 subjects were treated with a new formulation of cream, three applications per day for 2 months. In 8 @entity1 with proven and severe @entity7553 of the nails was added oral fluconazole 100 mg for 20 days. All @entity1 with @entity2348 have taken clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily for six days. @entity1 were then followed for 8 weeks . RESULTS: After two months of treatment, 26 @entity1 responded to therapy. In particular, the treatment evaluation at the end of the follow--up period showed a clinical cure in 46,6 % (14 @entity1 ), improvement in 40 % (12 @entity1 ), and failure in 13,4% (4 @entity1 ). There was a side effect in 2 @entity1 of moderate skin irritation, but the drug was not discontinued. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the present study, based on its safety, effectiveness and i nnovative features, indicate that t his combination of topical cream may be considered as a new alternative for treatment and prevention of @entity9252 , especially in case of @entity3675 where prolonged treatment and continuous prevention are needed.

title: Treatment and prevention of XXXX using a new combination of topicals: 30 cases report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['occupational hand disease', 'occupational disease']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['lichen planus of the nails']

entities_list: @entity9252 :: ('MESH:D010304', 'Disease') :: ['paronychia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'bacterial paronychia', 'bacterial perionyxis']

entities_list: @entity9759 :: ('MESH:D017453', 'Disease') :: ['irritant contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity9252 :: (MESH:D010304,Disease) :: ['paronychia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5638 resistance in the pathogenic @entity375 @entity5132 poses significant challenges for its antibiotic treatment. The conformational change of the target enzyme 14 alpha-demethylase (Erg11p) due to ERG11 gene mutations is one of the mechanisms resulting in the @entity5638 resistance. ERG11 of 23 isolates (8 susceptible and 15 resistant) and 6 standard strains of @entity5132 were amplified and sequenced. Nineteen missense mutations were detected. Two mutations, @entity72171 ( @entity72172 ) and @entity72173 ( @entity72174 ), coexisted exclusively in 14 @entity2380 -resistant isolates. To identify the resistance mechanisms in the isolates with @entity72171 and @entity72173 mutations, we compared the expression of 5 resistance-related genes in the 14 @entity5638 -resistant isolates with those in the susceptible type strain ATCC 10231, @entity375 AD/CDR1 and AD/CDR2. The tested values of mRNA transcription of CDR1 and CDR2 were higher than that of control strain, while the semi-quantified Cdr1p values were not higher in all of the 14 resistant isolates. And the data analyzed with t test suggest that both of the differences are significant (P  <  0.0005) when the resistant isolates are considered as a whole. Cdr2p was up-regulated in 5 isolates, and down-regulated or even undetectable in the remaining 9 isolates. The transcription of ERG11, MDR1, and FLU1 varied in these isolates. These data suggested that overexpression of the five genes might not be the reason of resistance in the 14 isolates with @entity72171 and @entity72173 , especially in the 5 isolates (GZ09, GZ15, GZ16, GZ58, and 4263) in which neither translation of Cdr1p/Cdr2p nor transcription of ERG11, MDR1, or FLU1 was detected up-regulated. The results suggest that Erg11p conformational change due to the point mutations is most likely responsible for the @entity5638 resistance in these isolates.

title: ERG11 mutations and expression of resistance genes in XXXX -resistant @entity5132 isolates.

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity5638 :: ('CHEBI:68452', 'Chemical') :: ['azole', 'Azole']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5638 resistance in the pathogenic @entity375 @entity5132 poses significant challenges for its antibiotic treatment. The conformational change of the target enzyme 14 alpha-demethylase (Erg11p) due to ERG11 gene mutations is one of the mechanisms resulting in the @entity5638 resistance. ERG11 of 23 isolates (8 susceptible and 15 resistant) and 6 standard strains of @entity5132 were amplified and sequenced. Nineteen missense mutations were detected. Two mutations, @entity72171 ( @entity72172 ) and @entity72173 ( @entity72174 ), coexisted exclusively in 14 @entity2380 -resistant isolates. To identify the resistance mechanisms in the isolates with @entity72171 and @entity72173 mutations, we compared the expression of 5 resistance-related genes in the 14 @entity5638 -resistant isolates with those in the susceptible type strain ATCC 10231, @entity375 AD/CDR1 and AD/CDR2. The tested values of mRNA transcription of CDR1 and CDR2 were higher than that of control strain, while the semi-quantified Cdr1p values were not higher in all of the 14 resistant isolates. And the data analyzed with t test suggest that both of the differences are significant (P  <  0.0005) when the resistant isolates are considered as a whole. Cdr2p was up-regulated in 5 isolates, and down-regulated or even undetectable in the remaining 9 isolates. The transcription of ERG11, MDR1, and FLU1 varied in these isolates. These data suggested that overexpression of the five genes might not be the reason of resistance in the 14 isolates with @entity72171 and @entity72173 , especially in the 5 isolates (GZ09, GZ15, GZ16, GZ58, and 4263) in which neither translation of Cdr1p/Cdr2p nor transcription of ERG11, MDR1, or FLU1 was detected up-regulated. The results suggest that Erg11p conformational change due to the point mutations is most likely responsible for the @entity5638 resistance in these isolates.

title: ERG11 mutations and expression of resistance genes in @entity2380 -resistant XXXX isolates.

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review outcomes of @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) following the introduction of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). METHODS: SBRT cases were linked to the @entity5 registry database along with clinical, treatment and health service parameters for n=2146 cases of stage I @entity1149 diagnosed between 2005 and 2011. The pre-diagnosis Aggregated Clinical Risk Grouping score (ACRG3) was used as a proxy for pre-treatment @entity1 comorbidity. A Cox regression model and the concordance statistic (C-statistic) were used to examine variables predicted for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: The SBRT utilization rate increased annually with superior @entity1349 to conventional RT (median survival [MS] of 39.4 VS. 23.5months, P<0.001) despite higher ACRG3 scores. Surgical @entity1 were younger, had lower ACRG3, achieving MS of 69.6months. Regression analysis indicated both Surgery (hazard ratio [HR]=0.23, 95% CI: 0.18-0.28) and SBRT (HR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.21-0.51) remained most strongly associated with @entity1349 . ACRG3 (HR=0.79, P<0.001) and age (HR=0.83, P=0.03) were independently associated with @entity1349 . The @entity1349 model was associated with the C-statistic at 0.86, 95% CI: 0.81-0.90. CONCLUSION: In stage I @entity1149 @entity1 treated with surgery have the best survival. SBRT demonstrates improved @entity1349 compared to conventional RT. C-statistic result demonstrates discrimination of treatment selection factors on @entity1349 .

title: Outcomes in stage I XXXX following the introduction of stereotactic body radiotherapy in Alberta - A population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mid-posterior part of the insula is involved in processing bodily sensations and urges and is activated during tic generation in @entity4676 . The dorsal anterior part of the insula, however, integrates sensory and emotional information with cognitive valuation and is implicated in interoception. The right dorsal anterior insula also participates in urge suppression in healthy subjects. This study examined the role of the right dorsal anterior insula in the urge to @entity1775 . Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 13 adult Tourette @entity1 and 13 matched controls. The role of the right dorsal anterior insula within the urge-tic network was investigated using graph theory-based neural network analysis. The functional connectivity of the right dorsal anterior insula was also correlated with urge and tic severity. Even though the @entity1 did not exhibit any overt tics, the right dorsal anterior insula demonstrated higher connectivity, especially with the frontostriatal nodes of the urge-tic network in @entity1 compared with controls. The functional connectivity between the right dorsal anterior insula and bilateral supplementary motor area also correlated positively with urge severity in @entity1 . These results suggest that the right dorsal anterior insula is part of the urge-tic network and could influence the urge- and tic-related cortico-striato-thalamic regions even during rest in @entity4676 . It might be responsible for heightened awareness of bodily sensations generating premonitory urges in @entity4676 .    2015 International Parkinson and @entity717 Society.

title: Role of the right dorsal anterior insula in the urge to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorder']

entities_list: @entity1775 :: ('MESH:D020323', 'Disease') :: ['tic in Tourette syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity1775 :: (MESH:D020323,Disease) :: ['tic in tourette syndrome']


abstract: In this study, mRNA expression patterns during @entity105 in the peritoneal cavity were investigated. To this purpose, the mRNA expression patterns of fiber-induced @entity2615 and of fiber-treated tissues were compared to untreated tissues, respectively. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and an array hybridization assay were used to perform differential display analyses. Genes found to be expressed differentially mainly represent proteins of signal transduction pathways and regulatory proteins of the cell cycle. The genes for components of the AP-1 transcription factor, c-jun, @entity5019 , and @entity50589 ) are upregulated in nontumorous tissue treated with @entity1355 . These data confirm in vivo the involvement of AP-I expression as response to fiber treatment. In addition, osteopontin, @entity72175 , and integrin-linked kinase were upregulated in @entity5 and in treated tissues. These genes code for proteins involved in the signal transduction from the extracellular matrix to the nucleus. Using integrin-specific inhibitors, the apoptotic effects of @entity17110 fibers could be suppressed significantly. From these results we hypothesize that direct effects of the fibers on the target tissue are mediated by interaction of the fibers with the extracellular matrix molecules.

title: Differential Display Analysis of Fiber-Induced XXXX in Rat: Clue for Involvement of Integrin-Mediated Signal Transduction.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity17110 :: ('MESH:D017638', 'Chemical') :: ['crocidolite']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['Carcinogenesis']


abstract: To take advantage of live @entity8310 viruses (rVSVs) as vaccine vectors for their high yield and for their induction of strong and long-lasting immune responses, it is necessary to make live vaccine vectors safe for use without losing their immunogenicity. We have generated safer and highly efficient recombinant VSV vaccine vectors by combining the @entity25310 mutation in the M gene of serotype VSV-Indiana (VSVInd) with a temperature-sensitive mutation (tsO23) of the VSVInd Orsay strain. In addition, we have generated two new serotype VSV-New Jersey (VSVNJ) vaccine vectors by combining @entity72176 and @entity25310 mutations with @entity72177 and @entity72178 mutations in the M gene, rVSVNJ( @entity72179 ) [rVSVNJ(GMM)] and VSVNJ( @entity72180 ) [rVSVNJ(GMML)]. The combined mutations @entity72181 , @entity25310 , and @entity72182 in the M protein of VSVInd significantly reduced the burst size of the virus by up to 10,000-fold at 37  C without affecting the level of protein expression. BHK21 cells and SH-SY5Y @entity1 @entity521 cells infected with rVSVInd(GML), rVSVNJ(GMM), and rVSVNJ(GMML) showed significantly reduced cytopathic effects in vitro at 37  C, and @entity19 injected with 1 million infectious virus particles of these mutants into the brain showed no @entity51 or any other adverse effects. In order to increase the stability of the temperature-sensitive mutant, we have replaced the phenylalanine with alanine. This will change all three nucleotides from UUG (leucine) to GCA (alanine). The resulting @entity72183 mutant showed the temperature-sensitive phenotype of rVSVInd(GML) and increased stability. Twenty consecutive passages of rVSVInd(GML) with an @entity72183 mutation did not convert back to leucine (UUG) at position 111 in the M protein gene. IMPORTANCE: Recombinant @entity8310 viruses as live vaccine vectors are very effective in expressing foreign genes and inducing adaptive T cell and B cell immune responses. As with any other live viruses in @entity1 or animals, the use of live rVSVs as vaccine vectors demands the utmost safety. Our strategy to attenuate rVSVInd by utilizing a temperature-sensitive assembly-defective mutation of @entity72183 and combining it with an @entity25310 mutation in the M protein of rVSVInd significantly reduced the pathogenicity of the virus while maintaining highly effective virus production. We believe our new temperature-sensitive M gene mutant of rVSVInd(GML) and M gene mutants of rVSVNJ(GMM) and rVSVNJ(GMML) add excellent vaccine vectors to the pool of live viral vectors.

title: Creation of matrix protein gene variants of two serotypes of XXXX virus as prime-boost vaccine vectors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity25310 :: ('p|SUB|M|51|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M51R']

entities_list: @entity72181 :: ('p|SUB|G|21|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G21E']

entities_list: @entity72176 :: ('p|SUB|M|48|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M48R']

entities_list: @entity72177 :: ('p|SUB|G|22|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G22E']

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['recombinant vesicular stomatitis', 'vesicular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity8310 :: (MESH:D054243,Disease) :: ['vesicular stomatitis']


abstract: A genetically determined hyperlipidemic strain of New Zealand White @entity95 that has features in common with combined @entity407 in @entity1 has been identified. The morphologic findings in a few animals fed a normal chow diet are reported. These consisted of macroscopically visible aortic intimal elevations found in the greatest number in the descending thoracic aorta. The plaques showed the presence of a cell population consisting of modified smooth muscle cells and lipid-laden macrophages. The lesion bases were @entity39 and acellular, and some showed the presence of @entity730 . Scanning electron microscopy revealed numerous monocytes attached to the endothelium. Endothelial defects were common, and these were filled with swollen and "ruffled" macrophages. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of lipid-laden cells penetrating between adjacent endothelial cells. These findings resemble those reported in a number of different animal species after dietary induction of @entity407 . This strain is a useful new model for the study of atherogenesis.

title: Hereditary hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in the XXXX due to overproduction of lipoproteins. II. Preliminary report of arterial pathology.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['familial hyperlipidemia', 'hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic calcification']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity13443 is a chronic @entity281 caused by aerobic branching actinomycetes. Its clinical features are firm tumefaction of the affected site and the presence of abscesses, nodules, and sinuses that drain a seropurulent exudate containing filamenting granules. Cutaneous @entity13443 has traditionally been deemed uncommon in the northern part of India, but recent studies have refuted this long-held notion. Thus, clinicians have to be more vigilant when they come across @entity1 with long-standing cutaneous lesions with typical mycetomic features, as early diagnosis and treatment hold the key to a cure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out from June 2009 to December 2012 and comprises 13 cases of chronic nonhealing ulcers of the lower limb subsequently diagnosed as @entity13443 . Socioetiological aspects, prevalence, early diagnosis, and treatment modalities of this condition are described in the study along with a simple, yet inclusive, scoring system to evaluate the post-treatment results. RESULTS: Ten out of 13 cases with clinical suspicion of @entity13443 were diagnosed with the condition. A majority of these diagnosed @entity1 were middle aged and belonged to lower socioeconomic status. There was no sexual preponderance. Early treatment in the form of modified Welsh regime ( @entity4509 + @entity799 + @entity1215 ) was started and showed acceptable results. Post-treatment outcomes were measured on the basis of a new scoring system (Masoodi's score) devised by the authors. Two @entity1 had a score of > 7 (good), 5 @entity1 had a score of 4-6 (fair), and 3 @entity1 had a score of  <= 3 (poor). CONCLUSION: Correct identification of the infective aetiological agent is imperative to direct therapy against @entity13443 . Treatment success depends on an early diagnosis and instigation of treatment. Efficacy of chemotherapy, if started after an early diagnosis in the form of modified Welsh regime, produces acceptable results in the form of clinical and physical remission or cure. The functional and cosmetic parameters do not respond as well to treatment and the authors propose a new scoring system which takes into account the post-treatment results in totality.

title: XXXX Leg Ulcers in North India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity13443 :: ('MESH:D008271', 'Disease') :: ['Actinomycetoma', 'mycetoma', 'actinomycetoma']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous infection']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

answer: @entity13443 :: (MESH:D008271,Disease) :: ['Actinomycetoma']


abstract: AIM: To compare the long-term clinical outcome of turned vs. moderately rough implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 treated with implants in the edentulous mandible and/or maxilla were invited for a clinical examination. After prosthesis removal, the pocket depth was measured and the @entity548 scored. Also, a new radiograph was taken for @entity604 evaluation. @entity1 were also requested to rate their satisfaction with the treatment. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-seven implants in 33 @entity1 were evaluated. After a mean follow-up of 172  months (SD 42, range 120-252), the mean loss was 1.61  mm (SD 1.35, range 0.00-8.25). @entity604 was higher in the maxilla compared to the mandible (P  <  0.001), and at implants, that was restored on implant level (P  =  0.003). Multivariate analyses demonstrated a significant effect of implant surface roughness and time of loading on @entity604 . Smoking, on the other hand, did not affect the outcome. Mean pocket probing depth was 3.64  mm (SD 0.96, range 1.25-7.25). A total of 4.1% of the implants demonstrated signs of @entity737 . The overall @entity1 satisfaction rate was 98.5%. CONCLUSION: Implant treatment in the @entity5386 has a predictable long-term outcome with limited complications.

title: Long-term retrospective follow-up of turned and moderately rough implants in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity5386 :: ('MESH:D007575', 'Disease') :: ['edentulous jaw']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implantitis']

answer: @entity5386 :: (MESH:D007575,Disease) :: ['edentulous jaw']


abstract: A case of @entity12977 showing various heteroptics due to @entity1188 of the right parieto-occipital lobe was reported. The @entity1 was 48-year-old male. Angiography revealed an obstruction of the right internal carotid artery, @entity384 of the right posterior communicating artery, and obstructions of the right parieto-occipital artery and calcarine artery. A low density area was found in right occipital lobe by CT. MRI clearly identified lesions in the right cuneus and precuneus. Pseudopsia in the left homonymous quadrantanopsia, various types of @entity227 in the remaining visual field, and moreover, palinopsia were existed. @entity227 was recognized in the early stage after the onset, while the pseudopsia was recognized about one month after the onset. Both abnormalities tended to improve from the peripheral region with the improvement of the defect in the visual field. Administration of @entity3174 resulted in an improvement in the pseudopsia but it resulted in an aggravation in the @entity227 . Thus, the mechanisms of development of this phenomena were thought to be different from each other. It was found by dynamic CT that the blood flow in the primary visual cortex was rather increased in the affected site in comparison with that in the healthy site. It was speculated that the pseudopsia in the defective region of the visual field reflected a pathological repair process represented by a development of the collateral circulation. On the other hand, the @entity227 was thought to originate from visual unstability due to incomplete damage of the visual pathway at the affected site.

title: [A case of XXXX showing various heteroptics due to @entity1188 of right parieto-occipital lobe].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual illusion', 'visual illusion']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilation']

entities_list: @entity12977 :: ('MESH:D011561', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoxanthoma elasticum']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

answer: @entity12977 :: (MESH:D011561,Disease) :: ['pseudoxanthoma elasticum']


abstract: A case of @entity12977 showing various heteroptics due to @entity1188 of the right parieto-occipital lobe was reported. The @entity1 was 48-year-old male. Angiography revealed an obstruction of the right internal carotid artery, @entity384 of the right posterior communicating artery, and obstructions of the right parieto-occipital artery and calcarine artery. A low density area was found in right occipital lobe by CT. MRI clearly identified lesions in the right cuneus and precuneus. Pseudopsia in the left homonymous quadrantanopsia, various types of @entity227 in the remaining visual field, and moreover, palinopsia were existed. @entity227 was recognized in the early stage after the onset, while the pseudopsia was recognized about one month after the onset. Both abnormalities tended to improve from the peripheral region with the improvement of the defect in the visual field. Administration of @entity3174 resulted in an improvement in the pseudopsia but it resulted in an aggravation in the @entity227 . Thus, the mechanisms of development of this phenomena were thought to be different from each other. It was found by dynamic CT that the blood flow in the primary visual cortex was rather increased in the affected site in comparison with that in the healthy site. It was speculated that the pseudopsia in the defective region of the visual field reflected a pathological repair process represented by a development of the collateral circulation. On the other hand, the @entity227 was thought to originate from visual unstability due to incomplete damage of the visual pathway at the affected site.

title: [A case of @entity12977 showing various heteroptics due to XXXX of right parieto-occipital lobe].

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is a common disease causing significant socioeconomic burden. @entity1030 @entity1 , commonly smokers develop resistance to inhaled @entity230 attributed to deficiency of @entity15687 ( @entity15687 ). The study of relationship between systemic @entity32 and functional performance demonstrated that increased CRP level is inversely related to six minute walk distance (SMWD) and Forced Expired Volume in one second (FEV1). @entity2544 restores @entity15687 activity thereby unlocking @entity479 resistance and potentiating inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) action culminating in reduced airway @entity32 and mortality. AIM: To study the effects of addition of @entity2544 to the combination of @entity6410 plus @entity4184 on various objective and subjective parameters in moderate to severe @entity1030 @entity1 and to assess the safety profile of the combination. Setting and Study design: A single blinded, prospective, randomized, placebo controlled study at a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty eight @entity1 diagnosed with moderate to severe @entity1030 were randomized into two groups. Group A @entity1 received @entity6410 24 g plus @entity4184 800 g daily in divided doses along with @entity2544 while group B @entity1 received @entity6410 24 g plus @entity4184 800 g daily in divided doses along with placebo tablets. Both groups were followed up on 15th, 30th _60th day. During every visit all @entity1 were assessed subjectively (symptom scoring) and objectively (spirometry, CRP, SMWT) and adverse effects if any were recorded. The obtained data subject to statistical analysis using"Graph pad Instat3" software. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement with a decline in total symptom score (p < 0.0001) was found with respect to "Night symptoms"_"SOB on rising" in group A. @entity2544 group showed significant improvement in SMWD and FEV1.Mean fall in CRP was greater in Group A (not statistically significant). No side effects requiring withdrawal of drug were noted with @entity2544 . CONCLUSION: Addition of @entity2544 to @entity6410 plus @entity4184 reduces @entity1353 , improves exercise performance and pulmonary functions in moderate to severe @entity1030 . Further studies are required to explore if reduced dosage would have equal efficacy with better safety and tolerability profile.

title: The Study of Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of XXXX Given Along with @entity6410 Plus @entity4184 in @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['Theophylline']

entities_list: @entity15687 :: ('3066', 'Gene') :: ['histone deacetylase 2', 'HDAC2']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['Budesonide', 'budesonide']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['Formoterol']

answer: @entity2544 :: (MESH:D013806,Chemical) :: ['Theophylline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is a common disease causing significant socioeconomic burden. @entity1030 @entity1 , commonly smokers develop resistance to inhaled @entity230 attributed to deficiency of @entity15687 ( @entity15687 ). The study of relationship between systemic @entity32 and functional performance demonstrated that increased CRP level is inversely related to six minute walk distance (SMWD) and Forced Expired Volume in one second (FEV1). @entity2544 restores @entity15687 activity thereby unlocking @entity479 resistance and potentiating inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) action culminating in reduced airway @entity32 and mortality. AIM: To study the effects of addition of @entity2544 to the combination of @entity6410 plus @entity4184 on various objective and subjective parameters in moderate to severe @entity1030 @entity1 and to assess the safety profile of the combination. Setting and Study design: A single blinded, prospective, randomized, placebo controlled study at a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty eight @entity1 diagnosed with moderate to severe @entity1030 were randomized into two groups. Group A @entity1 received @entity6410 24 g plus @entity4184 800 g daily in divided doses along with @entity2544 while group B @entity1 received @entity6410 24 g plus @entity4184 800 g daily in divided doses along with placebo tablets. Both groups were followed up on 15th, 30th _60th day. During every visit all @entity1 were assessed subjectively (symptom scoring) and objectively (spirometry, CRP, SMWT) and adverse effects if any were recorded. The obtained data subject to statistical analysis using"Graph pad Instat3" software. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement with a decline in total symptom score (p < 0.0001) was found with respect to "Night symptoms"_"SOB on rising" in group A. @entity2544 group showed significant improvement in SMWD and FEV1.Mean fall in CRP was greater in Group A (not statistically significant). No side effects requiring withdrawal of drug were noted with @entity2544 . CONCLUSION: Addition of @entity2544 to @entity6410 plus @entity4184 reduces @entity1353 , improves exercise performance and pulmonary functions in moderate to severe @entity1030 . Further studies are required to explore if reduced dosage would have equal efficacy with better safety and tolerability profile.

title: The Study of Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of @entity2544 Given Along with XXXX Plus @entity4184 in @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6410 :: (MESH:C012629,Chemical) :: ['Formoterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is a common disease causing significant socioeconomic burden. @entity1030 @entity1 , commonly smokers develop resistance to inhaled @entity230 attributed to deficiency of @entity15687 ( @entity15687 ). The study of relationship between systemic @entity32 and functional performance demonstrated that increased CRP level is inversely related to six minute walk distance (SMWD) and Forced Expired Volume in one second (FEV1). @entity2544 restores @entity15687 activity thereby unlocking @entity479 resistance and potentiating inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) action culminating in reduced airway @entity32 and mortality. AIM: To study the effects of addition of @entity2544 to the combination of @entity6410 plus @entity4184 on various objective and subjective parameters in moderate to severe @entity1030 @entity1 and to assess the safety profile of the combination. Setting and Study design: A single blinded, prospective, randomized, placebo controlled study at a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty eight @entity1 diagnosed with moderate to severe @entity1030 were randomized into two groups. Group A @entity1 received @entity6410 24 g plus @entity4184 800 g daily in divided doses along with @entity2544 while group B @entity1 received @entity6410 24 g plus @entity4184 800 g daily in divided doses along with placebo tablets. Both groups were followed up on 15th, 30th _60th day. During every visit all @entity1 were assessed subjectively (symptom scoring) and objectively (spirometry, CRP, SMWT) and adverse effects if any were recorded. The obtained data subject to statistical analysis using"Graph pad Instat3" software. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement with a decline in total symptom score (p < 0.0001) was found with respect to "Night symptoms"_"SOB on rising" in group A. @entity2544 group showed significant improvement in SMWD and FEV1.Mean fall in CRP was greater in Group A (not statistically significant). No side effects requiring withdrawal of drug were noted with @entity2544 . CONCLUSION: Addition of @entity2544 to @entity6410 plus @entity4184 reduces @entity1353 , improves exercise performance and pulmonary functions in moderate to severe @entity1030 . Further studies are required to explore if reduced dosage would have equal efficacy with better safety and tolerability profile.

title: The Study of Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of @entity2544 Given Along with @entity6410 Plus @entity4184 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is a common disease causing significant socioeconomic burden. @entity1030 @entity1 , commonly smokers develop resistance to inhaled @entity230 attributed to deficiency of @entity15687 ( @entity15687 ). The study of relationship between systemic @entity32 and functional performance demonstrated that increased CRP level is inversely related to six minute walk distance (SMWD) and Forced Expired Volume in one second (FEV1). @entity2544 restores @entity15687 activity thereby unlocking @entity479 resistance and potentiating inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) action culminating in reduced airway @entity32 and mortality. AIM: To study the effects of addition of @entity2544 to the combination of @entity6410 plus @entity4184 on various objective and subjective parameters in moderate to severe @entity1030 @entity1 and to assess the safety profile of the combination. Setting and Study design: A single blinded, prospective, randomized, placebo controlled study at a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty eight @entity1 diagnosed with moderate to severe @entity1030 were randomized into two groups. Group A @entity1 received @entity6410 24 g plus @entity4184 800 g daily in divided doses along with @entity2544 while group B @entity1 received @entity6410 24 g plus @entity4184 800 g daily in divided doses along with placebo tablets. Both groups were followed up on 15th, 30th _60th day. During every visit all @entity1 were assessed subjectively (symptom scoring) and objectively (spirometry, CRP, SMWT) and adverse effects if any were recorded. The obtained data subject to statistical analysis using"Graph pad Instat3" software. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement with a decline in total symptom score (p < 0.0001) was found with respect to "Night symptoms"_"SOB on rising" in group A. @entity2544 group showed significant improvement in SMWD and FEV1.Mean fall in CRP was greater in Group A (not statistically significant). No side effects requiring withdrawal of drug were noted with @entity2544 . CONCLUSION: Addition of @entity2544 to @entity6410 plus @entity4184 reduces @entity1353 , improves exercise performance and pulmonary functions in moderate to severe @entity1030 . Further studies are required to explore if reduced dosage would have equal efficacy with better safety and tolerability profile.

title: The Study of Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of @entity2544 Given Along with @entity6410 Plus XXXX in @entity1030 .

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['Budesonide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To determine the proteomic-level responses of drought tolerant wild @entity3505 (Triticum boeoticum), physiological and comparative proteomic analyses were conducted using the roots and the leaves of control and short term drought-stressed plants. Drought stress was imposed by transferring hydroponically grown seedlings at the 3-leaf stage into 1/2 Hoagland solution containing 20% @entity968 for 48 h. Root and leaf samples were separately collected at 0 (control), 24, and 48 h of drought treatment for analysis. Physiological analysis indicated that @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) level was greatly increased in the drought-treated plants, but the increase was greater and more rapid in the leaves than in the roots. The net photosynthetic rate of the wild @entity3505 leaves was significantly decreased under short-term drought stress. The deleterious effects of drought on the studied traits mainly targeted photosynthesis. Comparative proteomic analysis identified 98 and 85 differently changed protein spots (DEPs) (corresponding to 87 and 80 unique proteins, respectively) in the leaves and the roots, respectively, with only 6 mutual unique proteins in the both organs. An impressive 86% of the DEPs were implicated in detoxification and defense, @entity505 metabolism, @entity3689 and @entity1568 metabolism, proteins metabolism, chaperones, transcription and translation, photosynthesis, @entity4334 metabolism, and signal transduction. Further analysis revealed some mutual and tissue-specific responses to short-term drought in the leaves and the roots. The differences of drought-response between the roots and the leaves mainly included that signal sensing and transduction-associated proteins were greatly up-regulated in the roots. Photosynthesis and @entity505 fixation ability were decreased in the leaves. Glycolysis was down-regulated but PPP pathway enhanced in the roots, resulting in occurrence of complex changes in energy metabolism and establishment of a new homeostasis. Protein metabolism was down-regulated in the roots, but enhanced in the leaves. These results will contribute to the existing knowledge on the complexity of root and leaf protein changes that occur in response to drought, and also provide a framework for further functional studies on the identified proteins.

title: Physiological and Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Different Drought Responses in Roots and Leaves of Drought-Tolerant Wild XXXX (Triticum boeoticum).

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['Wheat']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the effective dose 90% (ED90) of @entity16550 to provide adequate uterine tone at Cesarean delivery (CD) for @entity1167 . METHODS: We conducted a double-blind dose-finding study of @entity16550 using a biased-coin up-and-down design in @entity1 undergoing CD for @entity1167 under epidural anesthesia. Forty healthy term pregnant @entity1 who had received at least three hours of @entity398 infusion during labour were recruited for the study. @entity16550 was administered intravenously upon delivery of the anterior shoulder of the fetus. The first @entity1 received 20    g, and the dose for the subsequent @entity1 was determined according to the response of the previous @entity1 as per the biased-coin allocation scheme using increments or decrements of 20    g (maximum 140    g). Uterine tone was assessed by the obstetrician and rated as satisfactory or unsatisfactory throughout the intraoperative period. The primary outcome was satisfactory uterine tone with no need for additional uterotonic drugs intraoperatively. Secondary outcomes included use of additional uterotonic drugs postoperatively in the first 24  hr, estimated @entity190 , and adverse effects. RESULTS: The ED90 of @entity16550 to produce adequate uterine tone was estimated at 121    g (95% confidence interval [CI]: 111 to 130; 99% CI: 108 to 133) using the truncated @entity1316 ( @entity1316 ) method. The isotonic estimator of ED90 was 140    g; however, the observed response rate across all doses was  <  90%. Also, the 95% CI of the @entity1316 estimator is likely to have lower than expected coverage, while the 99% CI may have about 90% coverage. Therefore, these results should be interpreted with caution. The overall median (range) estimated @entity190 was 1,014 (104-2,436)  mL. The overall incidence of @entity551 and @entity591 were 45% and 57.5%, respectively. At a dose of 140    g, the incidence of @entity591 and intraoperative @entity943 was 76% and 14%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The ED90 of @entity16550 at CD for @entity1167 , as determined in our study, should be interpreted with caution since it may be underestimated. This dose is higher than the currently recommended dose of 100    g at elective CD and should not be used routinely given the uncertainty regarding its efficacy and the high incidence of @entity943 at higher doses. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number: NCT01725243.

title: XXXX at Cesarean delivery for @entity1167 : a sequential allocation trial to determine the effective dose.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16550 :: ('MESH:C020731', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbetocin', 'carbetocin']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Dixon and Mood', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['labour arrest']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity16550 :: (MESH:C020731,Chemical) :: ['Carbetocin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the effective dose 90% (ED90) of @entity16550 to provide adequate uterine tone at Cesarean delivery (CD) for @entity1167 . METHODS: We conducted a double-blind dose-finding study of @entity16550 using a biased-coin up-and-down design in @entity1 undergoing CD for @entity1167 under epidural anesthesia. Forty healthy term pregnant @entity1 who had received at least three hours of @entity398 infusion during labour were recruited for the study. @entity16550 was administered intravenously upon delivery of the anterior shoulder of the fetus. The first @entity1 received 20    g, and the dose for the subsequent @entity1 was determined according to the response of the previous @entity1 as per the biased-coin allocation scheme using increments or decrements of 20    g (maximum 140    g). Uterine tone was assessed by the obstetrician and rated as satisfactory or unsatisfactory throughout the intraoperative period. The primary outcome was satisfactory uterine tone with no need for additional uterotonic drugs intraoperatively. Secondary outcomes included use of additional uterotonic drugs postoperatively in the first 24  hr, estimated @entity190 , and adverse effects. RESULTS: The ED90 of @entity16550 to produce adequate uterine tone was estimated at 121    g (95% confidence interval [CI]: 111 to 130; 99% CI: 108 to 133) using the truncated @entity1316 ( @entity1316 ) method. The isotonic estimator of ED90 was 140    g; however, the observed response rate across all doses was  <  90%. Also, the 95% CI of the @entity1316 estimator is likely to have lower than expected coverage, while the 99% CI may have about 90% coverage. Therefore, these results should be interpreted with caution. The overall median (range) estimated @entity190 was 1,014 (104-2,436)  mL. The overall incidence of @entity551 and @entity591 were 45% and 57.5%, respectively. At a dose of 140    g, the incidence of @entity591 and intraoperative @entity943 was 76% and 14%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The ED90 of @entity16550 at CD for @entity1167 , as determined in our study, should be interpreted with caution since it may be underestimated. This dose is higher than the currently recommended dose of 100    g at elective CD and should not be used routinely given the uncertainty regarding its efficacy and the high incidence of @entity943 at higher doses. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number: NCT01725243.

title: @entity16550 at Cesarean delivery for XXXX : a sequential allocation trial to determine the effective dose.

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['labour arrest']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Long-term potentiation induced by conditioning electrical stimulation of afferent fibers is a widely studied form of synaptic plasticity in the brain and the spinal cord. In the spinal cord dorsal horn, long-term potentiation is induced by a series of high-frequency trains applied to primary afferent fibers. Conditioning stimulation (CS) of sciatic nerve primary afferent fibers also induces expression of immediate early gene proteins in the lumbar spinal cord. However, the time course of immediate early gene expression and the rostral-caudal distribution of expression in the spinal cord have not been systematically studied. Here, we examined the effects of sciatic nerve conditioning stimulation (10 stimulus trains, 0.5 ms stimuli, 7.2 mA, 100 Hz, train duration 2 s, 8 s intervals between trains) on cellular expression of immediate early genes, @entity5019 and @entity11970 , in anesthetized @entity35 . Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on sagittal sections obtained from Th13- L5 segments of the spinal cord at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 h post-CS. Strikingly, all immediate early genes exhibited a monophasic increase in expression with peak increases detected in dorsal horn neurons at 2 hours post-CS. Regional analysis showed peak increases at the location between the L3 and L4 spinal segments. Both Arc, @entity5019 and @entity11970 remained significantly elevated at 2 hours, followed by a sharp decrease in immediate early gene expression between 2 and 3 hours post-CS. Colocalization analysis performed at 2 hours post-CS showed that all @entity5019 and @entity11970 neurons were positive for Arc, while 30% and 43% of Arc positive neurons were positive for @entity5019 and @entity11970 , respectively. The present study identifies the spinal cord level and time course of immediate early gene (IEGP) expression of relevance for analysis of IEGPs function in neuronal plasticity and nociception.

title: Time Course of Immediate Early Gene Protein Expression in the Spinal Cord following Conditioning Stimulation of the Sciatic Nerve in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 following solid organ transplantation have an increased risk of developing de novo @entity150 , but their biology is poorly characterized. METHODS: We studied 1743 @entity1 who underwent a transurethral resection of a newly diagnosed @entity150 at a single institution. The histopathology, treatment, recurrence-free survival and overall survival were evaluated and compared between transplant and non-transplant @entity1 . RESULTS: We identified 74 transplant @entity1 who developed a de novo @entity150 after a median post-transplantation interval of 62  months. The @entity5 was malignant in 29 @entity1 (39  %). The most common benign lesion was @entity652 (84  %), which neither coexisted with nor developed into @entity5 during follow-up. Compared with non-transplant @entity1 (n  =  1669), transplant @entity1 were significantly younger (median 55 vs 69  years, P  <  0.001) and had a 9.0-fold higher odds of @entity5 (P  <  0.001), while there were no differences in pathology among @entity1 with @entity189 of the bladder (UCB). In a multivariable analysis for non-muscle-invasive UCB that was adjusted for the risk group, @entity1 with a transplant had a 1.8-fold increased risk of recurrence (P  =  0.048). Four of five transplant @entity1 did not respond to Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin instillations. There were no differences in overall survival after radical cystectomy (P  =  0.87). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity150 in transplant @entity1 are benign, and they neither coexist with nor develop into @entity5 . Transplant @entity1 with non-muscle-invasive UCB show an increased risk of disease recurrence, while those treated with radical cystectomy have similar outcomes to @entity1 without a transplant.

title: Histopathology and prognosis of de novo XXXX following solid organ transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic adenoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have shown that @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) are related to common @entity146 . It is unknown how often common @entity146 occur in subjects who have explained physical symptoms (PHY), @entity1109 or both, in the general population, what the incidence rates are, and whether there is a difference between PHY and @entity1109 in this respect. AIM: To study the prevalence and incidence rates of mood, @entity148 and substance use disorders in groups with PHY, @entity1109 and combined @entity1109 and PHY compared to a no-symptoms reference group in the general population. METHOD: Data were derived from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2), a nationally representative face-to-face survey of the general population aged 18-64 years. We selected subjects with explained physical symptoms only (n=1952), with @entity1109 only (n=177), with both @entity1109 and PHY (n=209), and a reference group with no physical symptoms (n=4168). The assessment of common @entity146 was through the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between group membership and the prevalence and first-incidence rates of comorbid @entity146 , adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS: @entity1109 were associated with the highest prevalence rates of mood and @entity148 , and combined @entity1109 and PHY with the highest prevalence rates of @entity734 . Combined @entity1109 and PHY were associated with a higher incidence rate of @entity1316 only (OR 2.9 (95%CI:1.27,6.74)). CONCLUSION: In the general population, PHY, @entity1109 and the combination of both are related to mood and @entity148 , but odds are highest for combined @entity1109 and PHY in relation to substance use disorder. Combined @entity1109 and PHY are related to a greater incidence of @entity1316 . These findings warrant further research into possibilities to improve recognition and early intervention in subjects with combined @entity1109 and PHY.

title: Medically Unexplained and Explained Physical Symptoms in the General Population: Association with Prevalent and Incident XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Medically Unexplained Symptoms', 'MUS']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Mental Disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a clinical need for therapeutic options to reduce hyperinflation associated with severe @entity2415 . Endobronchial Coils (coils) are @entity5648 devices implanted bronchoscopically under fluoroscopic guidance to re-tension the lung. We report the medium term effectiveness and safety of coils in a study of @entity1 with @entity2415 . METHODS: Forty five subjects with severe airflow obstruction and hyperinflation received bilateral sequential treatment with coils (30 day interval between treatments) as part of a randomised controlled trial with a primary endpoint 90 days after the final treatment (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01334307). Further assessments were made at 180 and 360 days and in this study the primary outcome was the effect of coil treatment on the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) 360 days following treatment. RESULTS: At 360 days following treatment, there was an improvement in the SGRQ score of -6.1  14.0 points (p = 0.01) compared to baseline. Improvements in secondary outcomes were seen with increases in forced expiratory volume in the first second of 8.9   22.2% (p = 0.002) and 6-minute walking distance of 34.1  52.4m (p = 0.003). The safety profile was acceptable out to 360 days post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically and clinically meaningful benefits in quality of life, exercise capacity and pulmonary function in @entity1 treated with coils are sustained twelve months after treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01334307.

title: Endobronchial Coils for Severe XXXX Are Effective Up to 12 Months following Treatment: Medium Term and Cross-Over Results from a Randomised Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['Emphysema']


abstract: Autopsy records at Mayo Clinic were reviewed to determine the pattern of @entity385 occurring as a consequence of nonmyxomatous @entity5 emboli. Between 1951 and 1984, there were seven adult @entity1 who fulfilled the criteria: focal or multifocal neurologic disease of abrupt onset; systemic @entity5 ; and pathologic demonstration of @entity5 emboli in appropriate vessels. Tumors originated from the lung in four @entity1 and from the colon and hypopharynx in one each; in one @entity1 the primary source was unknown. Five @entity1 had carotid and two had vertebrobasilar system @entity64 . Two @entity1 had at least one antecedent @entity63 ( @entity63 ). Three @entity1 presented with @entity385 as the initial manifestation of their @entity5 . In two @entity1 , it occurred immediately after pneumonectomy. In four @entity1 , @entity385 occurred in a setting of widespread systemic, including pulmonary, metastases. At postmortem examination, one @entity1 had a single large basilar @entity5 embolus. The others had @entity12464 . The anterior circulation was affected in three @entity1 , the posterior circulation in two, and both circulations were affected in two. Four @entity1 had additional brain parenchymal metastases including one with diffuse leptomeningeal spread.

title: XXXX as a result of @entity5 emboli.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'artery tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity12464 :: ('MESH:D009360', 'Disease') :: ['multiple large and small vessel tumor embolic occlusions']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Cerebral infarction']


abstract: Autopsy records at Mayo Clinic were reviewed to determine the pattern of @entity385 occurring as a consequence of nonmyxomatous @entity5 emboli. Between 1951 and 1984, there were seven adult @entity1 who fulfilled the criteria: focal or multifocal neurologic disease of abrupt onset; systemic @entity5 ; and pathologic demonstration of @entity5 emboli in appropriate vessels. Tumors originated from the lung in four @entity1 and from the colon and hypopharynx in one each; in one @entity1 the primary source was unknown. Five @entity1 had carotid and two had vertebrobasilar system @entity64 . Two @entity1 had at least one antecedent @entity63 ( @entity63 ). Three @entity1 presented with @entity385 as the initial manifestation of their @entity5 . In two @entity1 , it occurred immediately after pneumonectomy. In four @entity1 , @entity385 occurred in a setting of widespread systemic, including pulmonary, metastases. At postmortem examination, one @entity1 had a single large basilar @entity5 embolus. The others had @entity12464 . The anterior circulation was affected in three @entity1 , the posterior circulation in two, and both circulations were affected in two. Four @entity1 had additional brain parenchymal metastases including one with diffuse leptomeningeal spread.

title: @entity385 as a result of XXXX emboli.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Background @entity169 is a common surgical disease. Tension-free hernioplasty is currently commonly used for its treatment, with multiple advantages such as simple surgical method, low recurrence rate, and ability to be performed in primary care hospitals, but the risk of incision @entity281 still exists. Mild @entity281 can be cured by local washing, dressing, and systemic antibiotics. If the @entity281 is severe, the wound may not heal after removing the patch, and secondary suturing is needed. Material and Methods A total of 60 @entity1 with @entity86 after tension-free repair of @entity169 were randomly divided into control (n=30) and treatment (n=30) groups. @entity1 in the treatment group received Mesalt combined with Mepilex for dressing while the @entity1 in the control group received conventional gauze for dressing. @entity158 degree, wound healing time, and dressing times were observed. Results The clinical therapeutic effect in the treatment group was significantly better than in the control group. The treatment group exhibited significantly less @entity158 when @entity1 receive dressing, shorter wounds healing time (15  3.5 vs. 30  5.0), and less dressing frequency (10  2.1 vs. 20  2.4). Conclusions Mesalt combined with Mepilex can effectively improve @entity86 after @entity169 treatment, obviously reducing @entity158 , shorting wound healing time, and decreasing dressing frequency. It can be widely used in clinical practice.

title: Clinical curative effect of mesalt combined with mepilex dressing in @entity86 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['Inguinal hernia', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: Background @entity169 is a common surgical disease. Tension-free hernioplasty is currently commonly used for its treatment, with multiple advantages such as simple surgical method, low recurrence rate, and ability to be performed in primary care hospitals, but the risk of incision @entity281 still exists. Mild @entity281 can be cured by local washing, dressing, and systemic antibiotics. If the @entity281 is severe, the wound may not heal after removing the patch, and secondary suturing is needed. Material and Methods A total of 60 @entity1 with @entity86 after tension-free repair of @entity169 were randomly divided into control (n=30) and treatment (n=30) groups. @entity1 in the treatment group received Mesalt combined with Mepilex for dressing while the @entity1 in the control group received conventional gauze for dressing. @entity158 degree, wound healing time, and dressing times were observed. Results The clinical therapeutic effect in the treatment group was significantly better than in the control group. The treatment group exhibited significantly less @entity158 when @entity1 receive dressing, shorter wounds healing time (15  3.5 vs. 30  5.0), and less dressing frequency (10  2.1 vs. 20  2.4). Conclusions Mesalt combined with Mepilex can effectively improve @entity86 after @entity169 treatment, obviously reducing @entity158 , shorting wound healing time, and decreasing dressing frequency. It can be widely used in clinical practice.

title: Clinical curative effect of mesalt combined with mepilex dressing in XXXX of @entity169 .

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: Aim of this study was to record and compare the functional and activity level as well as the manifestations of @entity571 after isolated @entity397 between @entity1 with conservative treatment and ACL reconstruction with hamstrings tendon graft. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 diagnosed with @entity397 were recorded. Clinical examination included the Tegner and Lysholm activity scale, the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Form and KT-1000 arthrometer. Narrowing of the medial and lateral joint spaces was assessed using the IKDC knee examination score. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 10.3  years (range 10-11). Fifteen @entity1 were conservatively treated (median age 33  years, range 25-39). Seventeen @entity1 were operated (median age 31  years, range 20-36). There was significant difference between the mean values of IKDC scores in favour of the ACL-reconstruction group of @entity1 , 86.8 (SD 6.5) versus 77.5 (SD 13.8), respectively (p  =  0.04). The mean value of anteroposterior tibial translation was 1.5  mm (SD 0.2) for ACL-reconstruction group of @entity1 , while the corresponding mean value for ACL-conservative group was 4.5  mm (SD 0.5), p  =  0.03. Four @entity1 in ACL-reconstruction group had radiological findings of grade C or D according to IKDC form. In ACL-conservative group, five @entity1 presented similar signs (n.s.). CONCLUSIONS: ACL reconstruction using hamstrings autograft resulted in better functional outcome and laxity measurements than ACL-conservative management. However, the incidence of radiological @entity571 was similar between the two groups and independent on the pre-operative grade of laxity and functional status of the @entity1 . Equally, bone bruises were not found as a risk factor for the development of @entity571 after @entity397 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prospective randomized study, Level II.

title: No difference in XXXX after surgical and non-surgical treatment of ACL-injured knees after 10  years.

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ACL ruptures', 'ACL rupture']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Prosthetic reinforcement is a critical component of @entity547 repair. For massive defects, mesh overlap is often limited by the dimensions of commercially available implants. In scenarios where larger mesh prosthetics are required for adequate reinforcement, it may be necessary to join several pieces of mesh together using non-absorbable suture. Here, we report our outcomes for abdominal wall reconstructions in which "quilted" mesh was utilized for fascial reinforcement. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing open incisional @entity2483 and transversus abdominis muscle release, with use of quilted synthetic mesh placed in the retromuscular position, were reviewed. Main outcome measures included @entity1 , @entity547 , and operative characteristics and post-operative outcomes, including surgical site occurrence (SSO), @entity281 ( @entity281 ), and recurrence. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 (mean age 55.7      9.3, BMI 38.3      5.8  kg/m(2)) underwent open @entity4037 repair with "quilted" mesh placed in the retromuscular position. The mean defect area was 760.1      311.0 cm(2) with a mean width of 24.7      6.4  cm. Quilted meshes consisted of two-piece (69  %), three-piece (19  %) and four-piece (12  %) configurations. Wound morbidity consisted of eight (25  %) SSOs, including four (13  %) SSIs, all of which resolved without mesh excision. With mean follow-up of 9.0      13.6  months, there were two (6.3  %) lateral recurrences, both unassociated with mesh-to-mesh suture line failure. CONCLUSIONS: Massive @entity4037 that require giant mesh prosthetics, currently not commercially available, may be successfully repaired using multiple mesh pieces sewn together in a quilt-like fashion. Such retromuscular repairs are durable, without added morbidity due to the mesh-to-mesh suture line. However, additional operative time is required for quilting the mesh together, prompting strong calls for manufacturing of larger mesh prosthetics.

title: Repair of massive XXXX with "quilted" mesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['hernia repair utilizing posterior component separation']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia', 'ventral hernias']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity135 ( @entity135 ) is the eighth most common @entity5 as estimated from worldwide data. The incidence of @entity135 was reported as 8.5 per 100,000 population. This study was aimed to determine the treatment outcomes for @entity135 @entity1 treated in the Oncology Unit of University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: All newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity957 of @entity135 ( @entity213 ) referred for treatment to the Oncology Unit at UMMC from 2003-2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment outcomes were 5-year overall survival (OS), cause specific survival (CSS), loco-regional control (LRC) and radiotherapy (RT) related side effects. Kaplan-Meier and log rank analyses were used to determine survival outcomes, stratified according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. RESULTS: A total of 130 cases were analysed. Most cases (81.5%) were at late stage (AJCC III-IVB) at presentation. The 5-year OS for the whole study population was 34.4% with a median follow up of 24 months. The 5-year OS according to AJCC stage was 100%, 48.2%, 41.4% and 22.0% for stage I, II, III and IVA-B, respectively. The 5-year overall CSS and LCR were 45.4% and 55.4%, respectively. Late effects of RT were documented in 41.4% of @entity1 . The most common late effect was @entity2133 . CONCLUSIONS: The treatment outcome of @entity213 at our centre is lagging behind those of developed nations. Efforts to increase the number of @entity1 presenting in earlier stages, increase in the use of combined modality treatment, especially concurrent chemoradiotherapy and implementation of intensity modulated radiotherapy, may lead to better outcomes for our @entity135 @entity1 .

title: Treatment outcome for XXXX in a developing country: university malaya medical centre, malaysia from 2003-2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'HNC', 'HNC in Peninsular Malaysia', 'Head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) is the most common complication seen following laparoscopic surgery. Our study sought to evaluate the efficacy of the newer drug @entity7274 with that of @entity3974 , in combination with @entity619 , for @entity1209 in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomies.   . METHODS: A total of 90 @entity1 , aged between 30-50 years old, posted for elective laparoscopic hysterectomies under general anesthesia belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status I and II were included in the study. @entity1 were randomly divided into one of two groups (n=45). Before induction, @entity1 in the first group (group I) received 0.075mg @entity7274 with 8mg @entity619 and @entity1 in the second group (group II) received 4mg @entity3974 with 8mg @entity619 . Postoperatively, any incidences of @entity391 , requirement of rescue antiemetic, and side effects were recorded. @entity1 's hemodynamics were also monitored. Statistical analysis was done using Student's t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test.   . RESULTS: Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative heart rate, mean arterial pressure, peripheral capillary @entity26 saturation were statistically not significant (p>0.050) in either group. In group II, eight @entity1 had @entity390 in the first two hours and three @entity1 had @entity390 in the two to six-hour postoperative period. In group I, three @entity1 experienced @entity390 in the first six hours period. Eight @entity1 in group II had vomited in the first two-hour period compared to one @entity1 in group I (p=0.013). The requirement of rescue antiemetic was greater in group II than group I (20% vs. 4%). No side effects of antiemetic use were observed in either group.   . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity7274 with @entity619 is more effective in treating early, delayed, and long term @entity1209 compared to @entity3974 with @entity619 in @entity1 undergoing elective laparoscopic hysterectomies under general anesthesia.

title: @entity1209 and Vomiting: @entity7274 with XXXX vs. @entity3974 with @entity619 in Laparoscopic Hysterectomies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['early or delayed vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity7274 :: ('MESH:C083418', 'Chemical') :: ['palonosetron']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'PONV']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) is the most common complication seen following laparoscopic surgery. Our study sought to evaluate the efficacy of the newer drug @entity7274 with that of @entity3974 , in combination with @entity619 , for @entity1209 in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomies.   . METHODS: A total of 90 @entity1 , aged between 30-50 years old, posted for elective laparoscopic hysterectomies under general anesthesia belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status I and II were included in the study. @entity1 were randomly divided into one of two groups (n=45). Before induction, @entity1 in the first group (group I) received 0.075mg @entity7274 with 8mg @entity619 and @entity1 in the second group (group II) received 4mg @entity3974 with 8mg @entity619 . Postoperatively, any incidences of @entity391 , requirement of rescue antiemetic, and side effects were recorded. @entity1 's hemodynamics were also monitored. Statistical analysis was done using Student's t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test.   . RESULTS: Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative heart rate, mean arterial pressure, peripheral capillary @entity26 saturation were statistically not significant (p>0.050) in either group. In group II, eight @entity1 had @entity390 in the first two hours and three @entity1 had @entity390 in the two to six-hour postoperative period. In group I, three @entity1 experienced @entity390 in the first six hours period. Eight @entity1 in group II had vomited in the first two-hour period compared to one @entity1 in group I (p=0.013). The requirement of rescue antiemetic was greater in group II than group I (20% vs. 4%). No side effects of antiemetic use were observed in either group.   . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity7274 with @entity619 is more effective in treating early, delayed, and long term @entity1209 compared to @entity3974 with @entity619 in @entity1 undergoing elective laparoscopic hysterectomies under general anesthesia.

title: @entity1209 and Vomiting: @entity7274 with @entity619 vs. @entity3974 with XXXX in Laparoscopic Hysterectomies.

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) is the most common complication seen following laparoscopic surgery. Our study sought to evaluate the efficacy of the newer drug @entity7274 with that of @entity3974 , in combination with @entity619 , for @entity1209 in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomies.   . METHODS: A total of 90 @entity1 , aged between 30-50 years old, posted for elective laparoscopic hysterectomies under general anesthesia belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status I and II were included in the study. @entity1 were randomly divided into one of two groups (n=45). Before induction, @entity1 in the first group (group I) received 0.075mg @entity7274 with 8mg @entity619 and @entity1 in the second group (group II) received 4mg @entity3974 with 8mg @entity619 . Postoperatively, any incidences of @entity391 , requirement of rescue antiemetic, and side effects were recorded. @entity1 's hemodynamics were also monitored. Statistical analysis was done using Student's t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test.   . RESULTS: Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative heart rate, mean arterial pressure, peripheral capillary @entity26 saturation were statistically not significant (p>0.050) in either group. In group II, eight @entity1 had @entity390 in the first two hours and three @entity1 had @entity390 in the two to six-hour postoperative period. In group I, three @entity1 experienced @entity390 in the first six hours period. Eight @entity1 in group II had vomited in the first two-hour period compared to one @entity1 in group I (p=0.013). The requirement of rescue antiemetic was greater in group II than group I (20% vs. 4%). No side effects of antiemetic use were observed in either group.   . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity7274 with @entity619 is more effective in treating early, delayed, and long term @entity1209 compared to @entity3974 with @entity619 in @entity1 undergoing elective laparoscopic hysterectomies under general anesthesia.

title: XXXX and Vomiting: @entity7274 with @entity619 vs. @entity3974 with @entity619 in Laparoscopic Hysterectomies.

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Nausea']