abstract: This evidence-based article reviews risk indicators and management of @entity57976 . @entity2133 and hyposalivation refer to different aspects of @entity2133 . @entity2133 is a subjective sensation of @entity2133 , whilst hyposalivation is defined as an objective assessment of reduced salivary flow rate. About 30% of the elderly (65 years and older) experience @entity2133 and hyposalivation. Structural and functional factors, or both may lead to salivary gland dysfunction. The EBM literature search was conducted by using the medical literature database MEDLINE via PubMed and OvidMedline search engines. Results were limited to English language articles (1965 to present) including clinical trials (CT), randomized controlled trials (RCT), systematic reviews and review articles. Case control or cohort studies were included for the etiology. Neuropathic etiology such as localized oral alteration of thermal sensations, saliva composition change (for example higher levels of K, Cl, Ca, IgA, amylase, calcium, @entity461 and cortisol), lower levels of estrogen and progesterone, smaller salivary gland size, and illnesses such as @entity9338 , are risk indicators for @entity57976 . The management is palliative and preventative. Management of symptoms includes drug administration (systemic secretogogues, saliva substitutes and bile secretion-stimulator), night guard, diet and habit modifications. Other managements may be indicated to treat adverse effects. Neuropathic etiology, saliva composition change, smaller salivary gland size, and illnesses such as @entity8619 can be suggestive causes for @entity57976 . However, longitudinal studies will be important to elucidate the causes of @entity57976 .

title: An evidence-based review literature about risk indicators and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry mouth', 'xerostomia', 'Xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity57976 :: ('MESH:D005335', 'Disease') :: ['unknown-origin xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity9338 :: ('MESH:D008010', 'Disease') :: ['lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['oral lichen planus']

answer: @entity57976 :: (MESH:D005335,Disease) :: ['unknown-origin xerostomia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity1069 are a rare type of @entity263 that account for less than 0.1% of primary @entity1069 . We analyzed the experience of a single institution with @entity1069 over 20 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case series, the medical records of 20 @entity1 with @entity1069 were reviewed from June 1990 to December 2013 to identify symptoms at presentation, diagnostic procedures, @entity3 presence and development, histologic subtype, French F  d  ration Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le @entity5 grade, primary @entity5 grade and size, and treatment sequence, including surgery and preoperative and postoperative therapies. The average follow-up period was 23.6 months (range, 1.4-83.3 months). RESULTS: The average @entity1 age was 46.3  16.7 years. Most @entity1 presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (55%). The histologic subtype was spindle cell @entity242 in five @entity1 (25%), @entity980 in three @entity1 (15%), @entity1352 in three @entity1 (15%), @entity1821 in three @entity1 (15%), @entity674 in three @entity1 (15%), and @entity2828 , nerve @entity5 , and @entity420 with @entity2483 (5% each). For @entity1821 , two @entity1 were alive after complete surgical resection and had a good prognosis. At last follow-up, 15 @entity1 had died of @entity242 . The 2- and 5-year actuarial survival rates for all 20 @entity1 were 53% and 12%, respectively (medial survival, 20 months). CONCLUSIONS: The disease-specific survival rate of @entity1069 is poor. However, @entity242 that is detected early shows a better result with proper management including surgical intervention with radio-chemotherapy than with no treatment. Early diagnosis and complete surgical resection offer @entity1 the best curative chance.

title: Histologic variability and diverse oncologic outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostate sarcomas', 'prostate malignancies', 'prostate sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'sheath tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['stromal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid component']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostate sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inactivating mutations in @entity10749 ( @entity10749 ) cause @entity4370 ( @entity4370 ), which is commonly characterized by decreased bone mineralization. @entity1 and @entity19 with @entity4370 can also develop @entity91 and @entity2122 , although the mechanism by which @entity10749 deficiency causes these @entity2122 is not yet known. Manifestations of @entity4370 are heterogeneous in severity, and evidence from the literature suggests that much of this variability is mutation dependent. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of @entity91 and @entity2122 in the @entity10749 (-/-) @entity19 model of @entity19 @entity4370 as an initial step toward better understanding penetrance of the @entity4370 craniofacial phenotype. RESULTS: Despite similar deficiencies in alkaline phosphatase, @entity10749 (-/-) @entity19 develop @entity91 and a brachycephalic/acrocephalic craniofacial shape of variable penetrance. Only those @entity10749 (-/-) @entity19 with a severe @entity79 defect develop @entity91 and an abnormal craniofacial shape. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that variability of the @entity4370 phenotype is not entirely dependent upon the type of genetic mutation and level of residual alkaline phosphatase activity. Additionally, despite a severity continuum of the @entity79 phenotype, craniofacial skeletal @entity854 and @entity91 occur only in the context of severely diminished bone mineralization in the @entity10749 (-/-) @entity19 model of @entity4370 . Developmental Dynamics 245:175-182, 2016.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Bone mineralization-dependent XXXX and @entity2122 in the @entity19 model of infantile hypophosphatasia.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial defects', 'craniofacial shape abnormalities', 'craniofacial shape variation']

entities_list: @entity10749 :: ('11647(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase', 'TNAP', 'Alpl']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone hypomineralization']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['shape abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity4370 :: ('MESH:D007014', 'Disease') :: ['HPP', 'hypophosphatasia']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inactivating mutations in @entity10749 ( @entity10749 ) cause @entity4370 ( @entity4370 ), which is commonly characterized by decreased bone mineralization. @entity1 and @entity19 with @entity4370 can also develop @entity91 and @entity2122 , although the mechanism by which @entity10749 deficiency causes these @entity2122 is not yet known. Manifestations of @entity4370 are heterogeneous in severity, and evidence from the literature suggests that much of this variability is mutation dependent. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of @entity91 and @entity2122 in the @entity10749 (-/-) @entity19 model of @entity19 @entity4370 as an initial step toward better understanding penetrance of the @entity4370 craniofacial phenotype. RESULTS: Despite similar deficiencies in alkaline phosphatase, @entity10749 (-/-) @entity19 develop @entity91 and a brachycephalic/acrocephalic craniofacial shape of variable penetrance. Only those @entity10749 (-/-) @entity19 with a severe @entity79 defect develop @entity91 and an abnormal craniofacial shape. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that variability of the @entity4370 phenotype is not entirely dependent upon the type of genetic mutation and level of residual alkaline phosphatase activity. Additionally, despite a severity continuum of the @entity79 phenotype, craniofacial skeletal @entity854 and @entity91 occur only in the context of severely diminished bone mineralization in the @entity10749 (-/-) @entity19 model of @entity4370 . Developmental Dynamics 245:175-182, 2016.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Bone mineralization-dependent @entity91 and XXXX in the @entity19 model of infantile hypophosphatasia.

answer: @entity2122 :: (MESH:D019465,Disease) :: ['craniofacial shape abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inactivating mutations in @entity10749 ( @entity10749 ) cause @entity4370 ( @entity4370 ), which is commonly characterized by decreased bone mineralization. @entity1 and @entity19 with @entity4370 can also develop @entity91 and @entity2122 , although the mechanism by which @entity10749 deficiency causes these @entity2122 is not yet known. Manifestations of @entity4370 are heterogeneous in severity, and evidence from the literature suggests that much of this variability is mutation dependent. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of @entity91 and @entity2122 in the @entity10749 (-/-) @entity19 model of @entity19 @entity4370 as an initial step toward better understanding penetrance of the @entity4370 craniofacial phenotype. RESULTS: Despite similar deficiencies in alkaline phosphatase, @entity10749 (-/-) @entity19 develop @entity91 and a brachycephalic/acrocephalic craniofacial shape of variable penetrance. Only those @entity10749 (-/-) @entity19 with a severe @entity79 defect develop @entity91 and an abnormal craniofacial shape. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that variability of the @entity4370 phenotype is not entirely dependent upon the type of genetic mutation and level of residual alkaline phosphatase activity. Additionally, despite a severity continuum of the @entity79 phenotype, craniofacial skeletal @entity854 and @entity91 occur only in the context of severely diminished bone mineralization in the @entity10749 (-/-) @entity19 model of @entity4370 . Developmental Dynamics 245:175-182, 2016.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Bone mineralization-dependent @entity91 and @entity2122 in the XXXX model of infantile hypophosphatasia.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To study the clinical features, the diagnosis and treatment efficacy with @entity384 in @entity1 with @entity1318 in a teaching hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia. METHODOLOGY: Clinical records of @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity1318 during the period from 2001 to 2012 were reviewed. Their presentation, radiologic, monometric and endoscopic findings as well as treatment outcome with @entity384 were reviewed. RESULTS Results: Thirty-one new @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1318 during the study period. The mean age at the diagnosis was 36 years, ranging from 14 to 85 years of age. Male to female ratio was 1.4: 1.7. Five @entity1 while waiting received 20mg of long acting @entity460 channel blockers ( @entity594 ) for four months without any impressive result and asked for @entity384 . @entity384 in one-year follow-up revealed 91% satisfaction and long term follow-up of 5 to 10 years showed 83% satisfaction of @entity1 . During procedure and follow-up, no significant complication was noted. CONCLUSIONSAchalasia effects all ages in both sexes. Graded @entity384 ( @entity384 ) is a safe and effective form of symptomatic treatment of @entity1318 without significant complication in the hands of experts.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX @entity1 : a ten-year review of the clinical features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['PBD', 'pneumatic balloon dilatation', 'pneumatic dilatation', 'Pneumatic Balloon Dilation', 'Pneumatic dilation', 'pneumatic dilation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['Nifedipine']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To study the clinical features, the diagnosis and treatment efficacy with @entity384 in @entity1 with @entity1318 in a teaching hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia. METHODOLOGY: Clinical records of @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity1318 during the period from 2001 to 2012 were reviewed. Their presentation, radiologic, monometric and endoscopic findings as well as treatment outcome with @entity384 were reviewed. RESULTS Results: Thirty-one new @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1318 during the study period. The mean age at the diagnosis was 36 years, ranging from 14 to 85 years of age. Male to female ratio was 1.4: 1.7. Five @entity1 while waiting received 20mg of long acting @entity460 channel blockers ( @entity594 ) for four months without any impressive result and asked for @entity384 . @entity384 in one-year follow-up revealed 91% satisfaction and long term follow-up of 5 to 10 years showed 83% satisfaction of @entity1 . During procedure and follow-up, no significant complication was noted. CONCLUSIONSAchalasia effects all ages in both sexes. Graded @entity384 ( @entity384 ) is a safe and effective form of symptomatic treatment of @entity1318 without significant complication in the hands of experts.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of @entity1318 XXXX : a ten-year review of the clinical features.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of this work was to modernize recommendations for evaluation, staging, and response assessment of @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). A workshop was held at the 11th International Conference on @entity706 in Lugano, Switzerland, in June 2011, that included leading hematologists, oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and nuclear medicine physicians, representing major international @entity706 clinical trials groups and @entity5 centers. Clinical and imaging subcommittees presented their conclusions at a subsequent workshop at the 12th International Conference on @entity706 , leading to revised criteria for staging and of the International Working Group Guidelines of 2007 for response. As a result, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)   computed tomography (CT) was formally incorporated into standard staging for FDG-avid @entity706 . A modification of the Ann Arbor descriptive terminology will be used for anatomic distribution of disease extent, but the suffixes A or B for symptoms will only be included for @entity978 . A bone marrow biopsy is no longer indicated for the routine staging of @entity978 and most diffuse large @entity1892 . However, regardless of stage, general practice is to treat @entity1 based on limited (stages I and II, nonbulky) or advanced (stage III or IV) disease, with stage II bulky disease considered as limited or advanced disease based on histology and a number of prognostic factors. PET-CT will be used to assess response in FDG-avid histologies using the 5-point scale. The product of the perpendicular diameters of a single node can be used to identify progressive disease. Routine surveillance scans are discouraged. These recommendations should improve evaluation of @entity1 with @entity706 and enhance the ability to compare outcomes of clinical trials.

title: Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and XXXX : the Lugano classification.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Malignant Lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal sinus fat (RSF) has been recognized as a risk factor for arterial @entity101 . This study was addressed to examine whether also para- and perirenal fat accumulation is associated to higher 24-h mean systolic ( @entity13519 ) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels in overweight and @entity28 subjects. METHODS: A cohort of 42 overweight and @entity28 @entity1 , 29 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 , aged 25-55 years, not treated with any kind of drug, was examined. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting insulin and @entity413 serum levels, insulin resistance (assessed by using the homeostasis model assessment [HOMAIR]), and 24-h @entity1369 urine levels were measured. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was measured with 15  min intervals from 7.0  a.m. to 11.0  a.m. and with 30  min intervals from 23.0 to 7.0 for consecutive 24  h, starting from 8:30  AM. Measurement of para- and perirenal fat thickness was performed by ultrasounds by a duplex Doppler apparatus. RESULTS: Para- and perirenal ultrasonographic fat thickness (PUFT) was significantly and positively correlated with WC (p   <   0.01), insulin (p   <   0.01), HOMAIR (p   <   0.01), and 24-h mean DBP levels (p   <   0.05). 24-h mean DBP was also significantly and positively correlated with 24-h @entity1369 urine concentrations (p   <   0.001). A multivariate analysis by multiple linear regression was performed; the final model showed that the association of 24-h mean DBP as dependent variable with PUFT (multiple R   =   0.34; p   =   0.026) and daily @entity1369 production (multiple R   =   0.59; p = 0.001) was independent of other anthropometric, hormone and metabolic parameters. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a positive independent association between PUFT and mean 24-h diastolic blood pressure levels in overweight and @entity28 subjects, suggesting a possible direct role of PUFT in increasing daily diastolic blood pressure.

title: Para- and perirenal ultrasonographic fat thickness is associated with 24-hours mean diastolic blood pressure levels in overweight and XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The role of advanced @entity130 life support (ATLS) in the prehospital care of the critically injured is highly controversial. This study analyzes the efficacy of ATLS in the management of critical penetrating wounds of the thorax and abdomen. In the 2 1/2-year period ending July 1984, 203 consecutive @entity1 underwent emergency laparotomy or thoracotomy for gunshot and stab wounds. All @entity1 were treated in the field by advanced paramedics (EMT-P). For gunshot wounds the mean time (+/- S.E.M.) responding to the scene was 4.5 (+/- 0.29) minutes, on the scene 10.1 (+/- 0.41) minutes, and returning to the hospital 6.4 (+/- 0.32) minutes. For stab wounds the mean time responding to the scene was 4.8 (+/- 0.21) minutes, on the scene 9.5 (+/- 0.37) minutes, and returning to the hospital 5.7 (+ 0.30) minutes. The number of intravenous lines started averaged 1.8 per @entity1 . Eighty-one @entity1 had PASG applied and 28 @entity1 underwent endotracheal intubation (21 orally, seven nasally). Thirty-three @entity1 had no obtainable blood pressure, of whom six survived (18%). One hundred sixty (94%) of the remaining 170 @entity1 who had any initial blood pressure survived. One hundred nine (55%) @entity1 had an increase in BP greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg (average, 35.6 mm Hg), 64 (32%) had no significant change, and 25 (13%) had a fall greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg (average, 24.2 mm Hg) from the field to the emergency department. Twenty (80%) of the 25 @entity1 with a fall in blood pressure survived.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prehospital advanced XXXX life support for critical penetrating wounds to the thorax and abdomen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infiximab has been shown to be highly effective in phase III clinical trials, but limited information is available regarding drug survival and maintenance of efficacy beyond 1 year in real-life clinical setting. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the efficacy and safety of infliximab in a large number of @entity1 with a long follow-up and to identify clinical factors associated with long-term drug survival. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 treated with infliximab from March 2004 to August 2012 at a tertiary dermatology centre was carried out. RESULTS: In total, 63 treatment courses with infliximab were administered to 56 @entity1 . The mean duration of treatment was 31.6 months. The only significant positive predictor of drug survival was combination treatment [hazard ratio (HR) vs. monotherapy 2.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42   5.92]. Significant negative predictors of drug survival were @entity28 (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19   0.87) and infusion reactions (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19   0.87). Infusion reactions occurred in 13 (23%) of our @entity1 and were a reason for discontinuation of treatment in 5. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective review of a cohort of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 treated with infliximab in daily practice shows that the PASI75 response rates at 24 and 52 weeks of treatment are similar to those of the pivotal studies, but 37 courses of treatment (59%) had to be discontinued after a median of 12 months. The major cause for discontinuation was loss of response, in 18 cases. Combination treatment, @entity28 and infusion reactions were found to be predictors of drug survival.

title: Long-term study of infliximab for XXXX in daily practice: drug survival depends on combined treatment, @entity28 and infusion reactions.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infiximab has been shown to be highly effective in phase III clinical trials, but limited information is available regarding drug survival and maintenance of efficacy beyond 1 year in real-life clinical setting. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the efficacy and safety of infliximab in a large number of @entity1 with a long follow-up and to identify clinical factors associated with long-term drug survival. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 treated with infliximab from March 2004 to August 2012 at a tertiary dermatology centre was carried out. RESULTS: In total, 63 treatment courses with infliximab were administered to 56 @entity1 . The mean duration of treatment was 31.6 months. The only significant positive predictor of drug survival was combination treatment [hazard ratio (HR) vs. monotherapy 2.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42   5.92]. Significant negative predictors of drug survival were @entity28 (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19   0.87) and infusion reactions (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19   0.87). Infusion reactions occurred in 13 (23%) of our @entity1 and were a reason for discontinuation of treatment in 5. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective review of a cohort of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 treated with infliximab in daily practice shows that the PASI75 response rates at 24 and 52 weeks of treatment are similar to those of the pivotal studies, but 37 courses of treatment (59%) had to be discontinued after a median of 12 months. The major cause for discontinuation was loss of response, in 18 cases. Combination treatment, @entity28 and infusion reactions were found to be predictors of drug survival.

title: Long-term study of infliximab for @entity1569 in daily practice: drug survival depends on combined treatment, XXXX and infusion reactions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity3 to bone occur in about 70% of @entity1 with metastatic prostate and @entity0 . Unfortunately, bone metastases result in significant morbidity and mortality and treatment options are limited. Thus, significant effort has focused on understanding the mechanisms that @entity5 dissemination to bone. Bone metastases are typically characterized by a self-perpetuating 'vicious' cycle wherein @entity5 cells and bone-resorbing cells (osteoclasts) are locked in a cycle that leads to osteoclast-driven bone destruction and the release of bone-stored factors that in turn stimulate @entity5 cell proliferation and survival. To break this 'vicious' cycle, potent antiresorptive agents such as zoledronic acid (ZOL) have been used. However, in the clinical setting, ZOL failed to improve the overall survival of @entity5 @entity1 even though it inhibited osteoclast resorptive activity. Thus, other cells in addition to osteoclasts are likely involved in modulating @entity5 growth in the bone. The immune system has the ability to eliminate @entity5 cells. Nevertheless, @entity5 cells can acquire the ability to escape immune control. Our recent observations indicated that a decline in the ability of the immune cells to recognize and kill the @entity5 drives @entity5 dissemination to bone even when osteoclasts are inhibited by potent antiresorptive agents. This review focuses on the antitumor and protumor effects of various immune cell populations involved in the bone metastatic process. We also discuss strategies to enhance antitumor immune responses and bypass @entity5 immune resistance.

title: Immune regulation of bone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'drive tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: The findings from recent fundamental and clinical studies of the efficacy of @entity71726 ( @entity71727 ) in obstetrics and gynecology are reported in this paper. The @entity71727 concentrations in genital tissues sampled 30 to 56 minutes (a mean of 41.4 minutes) after intravenous injection of 1 g of the drug were 14 to 76 micrograms/g (a mean of 32.4 micrograms/g). The mean transfer ratios of the drug into the genital tissues to the concentration in the uterine arterial blood were such that the transfer ratio into the portio vaginalis was the highest, followed by the uterine cervix and the myometrium, and that into the oviduct was the lowest with about 1/2 that into the portio vaginalis. The concentration in the antecubital venous blood and that in the uterine arterial blood remained similar for all @entity1 . The transfer of @entity71727 into the pelvic dead space exudate reached a peak (49.5 micrograms/ml) 1 hour, and also a peak (49.8 micrograms/ml) 2 hours after the intravenous injection. It then decreased gradually, but remained high, being higher than that in the antecubital venous blood about 50 minutes after the intravenous injection. Ten @entity1 with @entity281 in gynecology were treated with 1.0 to 4.0 g daily of @entity71727 , to a total dose of 6 to 52 g, over a period of 3 to 13 days. One of them showed excellent response, 8 showed moderate response, and another showed poor response to the treatment: in other words, a response rate of 90% was achieved. Bacteriologically, pathogens were eradicated from 3 and decreased in 3, and microbial substitution occurred in another @entity1 . No side effects of the drug were observed except for eruption in 1 @entity1 . None of the 10 @entity1 showed any abnormalities in laboratory findings. From the present fundamental and clinical studies of @entity71727 , we have drawn the conclusion that the drug is one of extremely useful antibiotics in the treatment of @entity281 in obstetrics and gynecology.

title: [Fundamental and clinical studies of XXXX in obstetrics and gynecology].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity71726 :: ('MESH:C042354', 'Chemical') :: ['cefpimizole']

answer: @entity71726 :: (MESH:C042354,Chemical) :: ['cefpimizole']


abstract: Fundamental, clinical studies on @entity2891 ( @entity5579 ), a new synthetic antibiotic of @entity2886 was conducted to obtain results as follows. This preparation, 11.4-50 mg/kg was administered to 11 cases of @entity1 by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes, and serum levels were studied. The highest serum level at the completion of infusion was 40.0-138.0 mcg/ml. A dose response was observed. The half-life in serum averaged 1.55 hours except 2.4 hours observed with 1 case of @entity409 . When the urinary excretion during 30 minutes drip infusion was examined, the urinary recovery rate at 0-6 hours in 2 cases of @entity1 averaged 17.2% and was low at 5.3% in 1 case of @entity631 . In terms of the clinical effect on @entity2348 in pediatric field, @entity5579 proved effective in all of the 21 cases in which it was used alone. And it showed an excellent antibacterial activity against all the bacteria isolated from cases used as the subjects. When side effects were studied, @entity294 and slight @entity409 were observed, but all were transient. As a result of a study on the @entity8 of @entity5579 , @entity5579 was deemed as being a drug which hardly causes disturbance of renal tubules judging from the aspect of the beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in urine and variations in the urine @entity2262 levels.

title: [Fundamental and clinical studies on @entity2891 in pediatrics, with special reference to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the liver', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal toxicity']


abstract: Fundamental, clinical studies on @entity2891 ( @entity5579 ), a new synthetic antibiotic of @entity2886 was conducted to obtain results as follows. This preparation, 11.4-50 mg/kg was administered to 11 cases of @entity1 by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes, and serum levels were studied. The highest serum level at the completion of infusion was 40.0-138.0 mcg/ml. A dose response was observed. The half-life in serum averaged 1.55 hours except 2.4 hours observed with 1 case of @entity409 . When the urinary excretion during 30 minutes drip infusion was examined, the urinary recovery rate at 0-6 hours in 2 cases of @entity1 averaged 17.2% and was low at 5.3% in 1 case of @entity631 . In terms of the clinical effect on @entity2348 in pediatric field, @entity5579 proved effective in all of the 21 cases in which it was used alone. And it showed an excellent antibacterial activity against all the bacteria isolated from cases used as the subjects. When side effects were studied, @entity294 and slight @entity409 were observed, but all were transient. As a result of a study on the @entity8 of @entity5579 , @entity5579 was deemed as being a drug which hardly causes disturbance of renal tubules judging from the aspect of the beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in urine and variations in the urine @entity2262 levels.

title: [Fundamental and clinical studies on XXXX in pediatrics, with special reference to @entity8 ].

answer: @entity2891 :: (MESH:D002438,Chemical) :: ['cefoperazone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5052 leads to @entity2690 resistance, whereas @entity2690 resistance decreases renal excretion of @entity414 , both mechanisms link elevated serum @entity414 with @entity209 . The aim of this study is to evaluate the probability for the development of @entity209 in low-income young adults with hyperuricaemia. METHODS: We evaluated 103 @entity1 less than 40 years of age, from a low-income population, and without history of @entity65 , in all of them the presence of @entity209 was assessed in accordance with the International @entity6 Federation criteria. In all patients, fasting serum @entity414 levels were measured; hyperuricaemia was defined as serum @entity414 values > 6.5 mg/dl in @entity1 and > 5.1 mg/dl in @entity1 . Statistical analysis was performed with odds ratio. RESULTS: 83 of our @entity1 (80.5%) suffered @entity209 , the odds ratio for the presence of @entity209 in @entity1 with hyperuricaemia was 5.1 (p=0.002, I.C 1.8- 14.5). When @entity1 were evaluated by gender a significantly association between hyperuricaemia and @entity209 was found in @entity1 (odds ratio 3.6, p=0.048, C.I. 1.0-12.9), and @entity1 (odds ratio 10.2, p= 0.015, IC 1.5-13.2). When @entity414 was correlated with the components of @entity209 , we only found a positive correlation with waist circumference (r=0.483). CONCLUSION: Our results shown a significantly association between @entity5052 and @entity209 in low-income young adults in Mexico.

title: CIRCULATING LEVELS OF XXXX AND RISK FOR METABOLIC SYNDROME.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia', 'Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['URIC ACID']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The goal of this study was to elucidate the risk factors for duodenal stump leakage after gastrectomy for @entity356 . In addition, the management of duodenal stump leakage is reviewed. METHODOLOGY: From January 2002 through December 2012, 1,195 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent gastric R0 resection were enrolled in this study. The clinicopathologic features, postoperative outcomes (i.e., operation time, hospital stay, surgical procedures, method of duodenal stump closure, retrieved lymph nodes), and the risk factors of duodenal stump leakage were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 1,195 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 (1.1%) suffered duodenal stump leakage. Most of the @entity1 with duodenal stump leakage were male (92.3%). Nine @entity1 underwent a subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth- II or Roux-en-Y @entity254 ; the other four @entity1 underwent a total gastrectomy with a Roux-en-Y @entity254 . There were two mortalities. With univariate and multivariate analysis, age was the most predictable factor for duodenal stump leakage (p= 0.034, p=0.044) CONCLUSIONS: Duodenal stump leakage was affected by the age. For older @entity1 who undergo a radical gastrectomy for @entity356 , the surgeon must pay meticulous attention to the transection and mobilization of the duodenum in order to prevent duodenal stump leakage.

title: Risk factors for duodenal stump leakage after gastrectomy for XXXX and management technique of stump leakage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The association between systemic inflammatory response and @entity5 biology has been well documented over the last decade. The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic role of neutrophilto- lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in @entity674 ( @entity674 ). METHODOLOGY: A prospectively recorded database of 67 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection for @entity677 was reviewed. High and low NLR were defined with respect to the sample median, which was 1.92. Demographical, clinicopathological, and surgical characteristics were analyzed as well as disease free survival (DFS) rates according to NLR classification. RESULTS: We observed better disease free survival rates in @entity1 with low NLR compared to @entity1 with high NLR (85.7% and 69%, respectively; p=0.037). Estimated five-year overall and disease free survival rates were 95.1% and 78.7%, respectively. In univariate analysis @entity7158 , @entity5 size, mitotic rate, presence of @entity39 , lymph node @entity3 , surgical margin status, risk category and NLR were associated with DFS. On multivariate analysis sarcomatosis (HR: 30.455), surgical margin status (HR: 4.228) and @entity39 (HR: 4.415) were found as independent prognostic factors for DFS. CONCLUSIONS: NLR can give information about inflammatory status, @entity5 aggressivity and prognosis in @entity677 @entity1 . It could be a new prognostic factor for @entity677 @entity1 .

title: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: could it be used in the clinic as prognostic marker for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity7158 :: ('MESH:D009378', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous sarcomatosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity2521 ( @entity2521 ) is increased in the @entity1 group of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). @entity309 and @entity2521 also shared some pathological mechanism. The aim of this study is to investigate the risk of @entity309 associated with @entity2521 exposure. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This study identified 3 mutually exclusive cohorts using the 1999-2010 Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to investigate the association between @entity2521 and the risk of incident @entity309 . All @entity1 with @entity2521 in 2000 were identified from the database of all enrollees as the @entity2521 cohort. From the representative database of 1,000,000 enrollees randomly selected in 2010 (LHID2010), individuals without any @entity2520 ( @entity2520 ) during 1999-2010 were selected as the non- @entity2520 cohort. Individuals who were not included in the non- @entity2520 cohort and received dental scaling (DS) no more than two times per year during 1999-2010 were selected as the DS cohort from LHID2010. Using cox proportional regression analysis, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were calculated to quantify the association between @entity2521 exposure and @entity309 development. In the three-group comparison using the non- @entity2520 cohort as reference, we found that the risk of @entity309 was higher in the @entity2521 and DS cohorts (HRs, 1.89 and 1.43; 95% CIs, 1.56-2.29 and 1.09-1.87, respectively). For comparisons between two cohorts, the @entity2521 cohort had a higher risk of @entity309 than the non- @entity2520 and DS cohorts (HRs, 1.91 and 1.35; 95% CIs, 1.57-2.30 and 1.09-1.67, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity2521 was associated with an increased risk of @entity309 development.

title: XXXX Risk Associated with Periodontitis Exposure: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'PO']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'PD']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter, prospective review of surgical @entity1 with adult @entity85 . OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the incidence, risk factor, and impact of @entity532 ( @entity532 ) on health-related quality of life measures. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: This study provides assessment of the incidence of @entity532 in adult @entity85 surgery and impact of these complications on need for reoperation. Risk factors for development of @entity532 are also assessed, as well as the impact of these complications on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes measures. METHODS: A multicenter, prospective database of surgical @entity1 with adult @entity85 was reviewed. All @entity1 with complete 2-year follow-up were included. HRQOL was measured using the @entity717 Index, General Health Survey (36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]), and Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22r) at baseline, 6 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. Univariate testing was performed as appropriate. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to determine independent predictors of @entity532 . Multivariate repeated-measures mixed models were used to examine HRQOL, accounting for confounders. RESULTS: A total of 245 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. The incidence of @entity532 was 31.7% and 52.6% of those @entity1 required reoperation. Rod breakage accounted for 47% of the implant-related complications, and proximal junctional kyphosis accounted for 54.5% of radiographical complications. Univariate analysis identified the following potential risk factors for @entity532 : weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, revision, stopping the fusion in the lower thoracic spine, worse SRS-Schwab classification modifiers (pelvic tilt++, pelvic incidence minus @entity1515 ++, sagittal vertical axis++), higher T1 spinopelvic inclination, and higher T1 slope. Independent predictors of @entity532 as identified on multivariate logistic regression included American Society of Anesthesiologists (odds ratio: 1.75, P = 0.029) and sagittal vertical axis modifier ++ (odds ratio 3.43, P = 0.0001). The @entity532 and no @entity532 groups each experienced significant improvement over time, as measured on the @entity717 Index (P = 0.0001), SF-36 (P = 0.0001), and SRS-22r (P = 0.0001). However, the rate of improvement over time was less for @entity1 with @entity532 (SRS-22r P = 0.043, SF-36 P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study identified that nearly one-third of @entity1 undergoing adult @entity85 surgery experienced a radiographical or implant-related complication, and that just more than one-half of these @entity1 experiencing complication required a reoperation within 2 years of surgery. These complications significantly affected HRQOL measures. Baseline @entity1 characteristics and parameters of the SRS-Schwab classification can be used to help identify those @entity1 at greater risk. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Radiographical and Implant-Related Complications in Adult XXXX Surgery: Incidence, @entity1 Risk Factors, and Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life.

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['RIC', 'radiographical and implant-related complications']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity', 'spine deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Spinal Deformity']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter, prospective review of surgical @entity1 with adult @entity85 . OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the incidence, risk factor, and impact of @entity532 ( @entity532 ) on health-related quality of life measures. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: This study provides assessment of the incidence of @entity532 in adult @entity85 surgery and impact of these complications on need for reoperation. Risk factors for development of @entity532 are also assessed, as well as the impact of these complications on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes measures. METHODS: A multicenter, prospective database of surgical @entity1 with adult @entity85 was reviewed. All @entity1 with complete 2-year follow-up were included. HRQOL was measured using the @entity717 Index, General Health Survey (36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]), and Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22r) at baseline, 6 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. Univariate testing was performed as appropriate. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to determine independent predictors of @entity532 . Multivariate repeated-measures mixed models were used to examine HRQOL, accounting for confounders. RESULTS: A total of 245 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. The incidence of @entity532 was 31.7% and 52.6% of those @entity1 required reoperation. Rod breakage accounted for 47% of the implant-related complications, and proximal junctional kyphosis accounted for 54.5% of radiographical complications. Univariate analysis identified the following potential risk factors for @entity532 : weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, revision, stopping the fusion in the lower thoracic spine, worse SRS-Schwab classification modifiers (pelvic tilt++, pelvic incidence minus @entity1515 ++, sagittal vertical axis++), higher T1 spinopelvic inclination, and higher T1 slope. Independent predictors of @entity532 as identified on multivariate logistic regression included American Society of Anesthesiologists (odds ratio: 1.75, P = 0.029) and sagittal vertical axis modifier ++ (odds ratio 3.43, P = 0.0001). The @entity532 and no @entity532 groups each experienced significant improvement over time, as measured on the @entity717 Index (P = 0.0001), SF-36 (P = 0.0001), and SRS-22r (P = 0.0001). However, the rate of improvement over time was less for @entity1 with @entity532 (SRS-22r P = 0.043, SF-36 P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study identified that nearly one-third of @entity1 undergoing adult @entity85 surgery experienced a radiographical or implant-related complication, and that just more than one-half of these @entity1 experiencing complication required a reoperation within 2 years of surgery. These complications significantly affected HRQOL measures. Baseline @entity1 characteristics and parameters of the SRS-Schwab classification can be used to help identify those @entity1 at greater risk. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Radiographical and Implant-Related Complications in Adult @entity85 Surgery: Incidence, XXXX Risk Factors, and Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured by @entity6111 clearance using venous samples is widely used. Capillary sampling on filter paper is easier to perform, may be less painful and spares the blood volume. The purpose of the study was to validate a blood spot method for measuring GFR in @entity1 aged 6 years or younger suffering from @entity740 ( @entity740 ). METHODS: We examined 32 @entity1 with @entity740 , median age (range) 3.0 (0.3-6.2) years. Seven venous samples (10, 30/60, 120, 180, 210, 240, 300 min) were collected and GFR based on all samples was calculated for reference. Following injection of @entity6111 , blood spots were collected at 120, 180, 210 and 240 min and compared to the reference @entity6111 clearance. RESULTS: Median (range) reference GFR was 65 (6-122) mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). The 2, 3 and 4-point blood spot GFR were highly correlated to the reference GFR (r = 0.947, 0.945, 0.937). The mean relative bias between 2-point blood spot and reference GFR was 7.2%, and only 2.3% in the @entity1 with reference GFR < 60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). The diagnostic accuracy for 2-point blood spot was: 87.5% and 96.9% within    15% (P15) and    30% (P30) of the reference GFR respectively. In @entity1 with GFR < 60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), both P15 and P30 were 100%. CONCLUSIONS: GFR calculation based on blood spot @entity6111 measurement is an alternative method to traditional venous @entity6111 measurement in @entity1 . Our study demonstrates strong agreement between the blood spot and the venous GFR with acceptable bias, precision and diagnostic accuracy, especially in @entity1 with GFR < 60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2).

title: Glomerular filtration rate measured by XXXX clearance: A comparison of venous samples and capillary blood spots.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity6111 :: (MESH:D007472,Chemical) :: ['iohexol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several devices exist today to assist the intraoperative determination of skin flap perfusion. Laser-Assisted Indocyanine Green Dye Angiography (LAICGA) has been shown to accurately predict mastectomy @entity39 using quantitative perfusion values. The laser properties of the latest LAICGA device (SPY Elite) differ significantly from its predecessor system (SPY 2001), preventing direct translation of previous published data. The purpose of this study was to establish a mathematical relationship of perfusion values between these 2 devices. METHODS: Breast reconstruction @entity1 were prospectively enrolled into a clinical trial where skin flap evaluation and excision was based on quantitative SPY Q values previously established in the literature. Initial study @entity1 underwent mastectomy skin flap evaluation using both SPY systems simultaneously. Absolute perfusion unit (APU) values at identical locations on the breast were then compared graphically. RESULTS: 210 data points were identified on the same @entity1 (n = 4) using both SPY systems. A linear relationship (y = 2.9883x + 12.726) was identified with a high level or correlation (R(2) = 0.744). Previously published values using SPY 2001 (APU 3.7) provided a value of 23.8 APU on the SPY Elite. In addition, postoperative @entity39 in these @entity1 correlated to regions of skin identified with the SPY Elite with APU less than 23.8. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative comparison of LAICGA systems has provided direct correlation of perfusion values predictive of @entity39 that were previously established in the literature. An APU value of 3.7 from the SPY 2001 correlates to a SPY Elite APU value of 23.8.

title: Comparing quantitative values of two generations of laser-assisted indocyanine green dye angiography systems: can we predict XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'skin flap necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study was aimed at analyzing the need for routine use of @entity2585 ( @entity2585 ) before performing orthotopic neobladder (ONB) after radical cystectomy for @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 233 @entity1 underwent radical cystectomy from January 2000 to June 2013. Of these, 151 (65.6%) @entity1 were planned for ONB. In the initial 109 (72%) @entity1 , @entity2585 of urethral margin was performed, but, in the subsequent 42 (28%) @entity1 , frozen section of urethral margin was not sent. Impact of hydroureteronephrosis, @entity5 size and location of @entity5 in relation to the @entity1494 on the status of the urethral margin was analyzed. RESULTS: Only three of the 109 (2.7%) @entity1 had a positive urethral margin. Two of them had ileal conduit and one, after negative re-resection, had ONB. Although none of the factors was found to be significant, all three @entity1 with a positive urethral margin had growth at the @entity1494 and died of @entity5 at a mean follow up of 29.33    18.3 months, without urethral recurrence. Among the negative @entity2585 (106), two @entity1 had recurrence in the penile urethra. The mean follow-up was 46.3    25.1 months. None of the @entity1 without @entity2585 (42) had urethral recurrence at the mean follow-up of 36    9.3 months. Of the 28 @entity1 who had their growth located at the @entity1494 , three had positive @entity2585 , while none with growth away from the @entity1494 had positive @entity2585 . CONCLUSION: Routine @entity2585 of the urethra before performing ONB can be avoided in those @entity1 where the @entity5 does not reach the @entity1494 .

title: Is XXXX of the urethra at the time of radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion mandatory?

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['frozen section analysis', 'FSA']

answer: @entity2585 :: (MESH:D002062,Disease) :: ['frozen section analysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with somatic complaints are at increased risk for @entity74 during childhood. Whether this elevated risk extends into young adulthood - and to which specific disorders - has rarely been tested with long-term prospective-longitudinal community samples. Here we test whether frequent and recurring stomach aches, @entity10 , and @entity121 during childhood predict @entity74 in adulthood after accounting for childhood @entity146 and physical health status and psychosocial adversity. METHOD: The Great Smoky Mountains Study is a community representative sample with 1420 @entity1 . @entity1 /adolescents were assessed 4-7 times between ages 9-16 years. They were assessed again up to three times between ages 19-26 years. Childhood somatic complaints were coded when subjects or their parents reported frequent and recurrent @entity10 , or muscular/joint aches at some point when @entity1 were aged 9-16 years. @entity146 were assessed with the @entity1 and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment and the Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment. RESULTS: Frequent and recurrent somatic complaints in childhood predicted adulthood @entity74 . After controlling for potential confounders, predictions from childhood somatic complaints were specific to later @entity308 and generalized @entity148 . Long-term predictions did not differ by sex. Somatic complaints that persisted across developmental periods were associated with the highest risk for young adult @entity74 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 from the community with frequent and recurrent physical distress are at substantially increased risk for @entity74 during young adulthood. Preventions and interventions for somatic complaints could help alleviate this risk.

title: Childhood somatic complaints predict generalized XXXX and @entity308 during young adulthood in a community sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disorders', 'emotional distress disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches, stomach aches', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle aches']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with somatic complaints are at increased risk for @entity74 during childhood. Whether this elevated risk extends into young adulthood - and to which specific disorders - has rarely been tested with long-term prospective-longitudinal community samples. Here we test whether frequent and recurring stomach aches, @entity10 , and @entity121 during childhood predict @entity74 in adulthood after accounting for childhood @entity146 and physical health status and psychosocial adversity. METHOD: The Great Smoky Mountains Study is a community representative sample with 1420 @entity1 . @entity1 /adolescents were assessed 4-7 times between ages 9-16 years. They were assessed again up to three times between ages 19-26 years. Childhood somatic complaints were coded when subjects or their parents reported frequent and recurrent @entity10 , or muscular/joint aches at some point when @entity1 were aged 9-16 years. @entity146 were assessed with the @entity1 and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment and the Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment. RESULTS: Frequent and recurrent somatic complaints in childhood predicted adulthood @entity74 . After controlling for potential confounders, predictions from childhood somatic complaints were specific to later @entity308 and generalized @entity148 . Long-term predictions did not differ by sex. Somatic complaints that persisted across developmental periods were associated with the highest risk for young adult @entity74 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 from the community with frequent and recurrent physical distress are at substantially increased risk for @entity74 during young adulthood. Preventions and interventions for somatic complaints could help alleviate this risk.

title: Childhood somatic complaints predict generalized @entity148 and XXXX during young adulthood in a community sample.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity5 in the lung in octogenarians is limited by their health and functional status. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy is an established noninvasive treatment option for medically inoperable @entity1 , with a @entity137 profile that may be more tolerable in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 more than 80  years old treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for @entity5 in the lung between January 2007 and August 2012 at a single institution were identified and retrospectively analyzed for @entity137 and survival. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were identified with a total of 32 lesions treated. @entity1 ranged in age from 80.8 to 90.7  years old (median 84.9) at the time of treatment. Twenty @entity1 had ECOG performance status 0-1, and 10 had performance status 2-3. Stage distribution at treatment was: stage I (20 @entity1 ), stage III (1), stage IV (1), and 8 recurrent @entity5 . @entity1 were treated to a median total dose of 54  Gy in 3 fractions (range 20-60  Gy in 1 to 5 fractions). Median follow up was 13  months (range 2-60 months). Fifteen @entity1 were still living at last review. There was one failure in field and one failure in the same lobe that was treated. One @entity1 died with progressive regional disease, and four died of progressive @entity3 . Three @entity1 had late grade 3 @entity358 with no grade 4 or 5 @entity137 . One @entity1 had late grade 2 @entity55 , and 3 @entity1 had late grade 1 @entity55 . Three @entity1 had grade 1 chest wall @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: Octogenarians tolerated ablative treatment with minimal @entity137 . Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy is an option to consider in treatment of elderly @entity1 .

title: Stereotactic ablative body radiation therapy for XXXX in the lung in octogenarians: a retrospective single institution study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: The English-language literature, from 1952 to 1979, was surveyed for all papers concerned with vascular @entity130 penetrating wounds of the neck, or carotid injuries in particular, and all valid, first-hand, adequately detailed cases of carotid arterial @entity130 were abstracted. The valid, first-hand, adequately detailed cases of carotid arterial @entity130 were abstracted. The current status of all our own hospital survivors who had been treated for carotid @entity1317 was also established to add needed longitudinal perspective. In all, 722 cases were available for analysis. The mean age was 28 years, and the overall mortality rate was 21%. One hundred and eighty-six @entity1 presented with severe @entity51 . If they underwent arterial repair, 34% were better; if they had a carotid ligated, or were not treated surgically, only 14% improved (P = 0.01). Shock or @entity772 , independently, were significantly ominous (P less than 0.001), but there was no evidence to support @entity772 as a contraindication to restoring arterial continuity. Similarly, in the @entity1 with preoperative @entity51 , no data could be found to substantiate the contention that prompt arterial repair would yield better results than delayed repair. Follow-up status at 1 year was available for only 40 cases from the results than delayed repair. Follow-up status at 1 year was available for only 40 cases from the entire literature. Assessment of our own @entity1 , at a mean of 4.6 years after injury, uncovered multiple, persistent @entity16 , one stenotic arterial repair, two @entity439 , and an @entity2548 .

title: Carotid arterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological defects']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injuries']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The effect of @entity868 prophylaxis in elective colonic and rectal surgery was studied in a prospective double-blind trial in which @entity868 was compared with a placebo. Fifty-six @entity1 were included in the study, and the @entity1 were randomly allocated to the two groups. Twenty-five @entity1 received 2 gm of @entity868 the day before operation and 1.2 gm as a single daily dose for 5 days after operation. Twenty-one @entity1 were given placebos in the same dosage. Before operation all @entity1 were prepared with mechanical evacuation of the bowel. A significantly lower frequency of wound spesis, intraabdominal complications, and @entity295 was found in the @entity868 group as compared to the placebo group. The incidence was 4.0% and 36%, respectively. Following protectomy, @entity281 in the perineal area occurred in 33% and 43% of the respective groups. In the @entity868 -treated @entity1 , however, this was the only complication, whereas 50% of the @entity1 in the placebo group developed intraabdominal complications as well. After operation anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 8% of the @entity1 who received prophylactic @entity868 . In the control group 67% of the @entity1 had a positive postoperative anaerobic culture. @entity2868 was isolated from 13 of 14 @entity1 with @entity86 in the placebo group. @entity2868 was not isolated from any of the @entity868 -treated @entity1 . The study indicates that anaerobic bacteria are the major contributors to would @entity281 following colonic and rectal surgery and that @entity868 prophylaxis greatly reduces the frequency of @entity86 .

title: Systemic prophylaxis with XXXX ( @entity868 ) in elective surgery of the colon and rectum.

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['B. fragilis', 'Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity868 :: (MESH:D008795,Chemical) :: ['metronidazole']


abstract: The effect of @entity868 prophylaxis in elective colonic and rectal surgery was studied in a prospective double-blind trial in which @entity868 was compared with a placebo. Fifty-six @entity1 were included in the study, and the @entity1 were randomly allocated to the two groups. Twenty-five @entity1 received 2 gm of @entity868 the day before operation and 1.2 gm as a single daily dose for 5 days after operation. Twenty-one @entity1 were given placebos in the same dosage. Before operation all @entity1 were prepared with mechanical evacuation of the bowel. A significantly lower frequency of wound spesis, intraabdominal complications, and @entity295 was found in the @entity868 group as compared to the placebo group. The incidence was 4.0% and 36%, respectively. Following protectomy, @entity281 in the perineal area occurred in 33% and 43% of the respective groups. In the @entity868 -treated @entity1 , however, this was the only complication, whereas 50% of the @entity1 in the placebo group developed intraabdominal complications as well. After operation anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 8% of the @entity1 who received prophylactic @entity868 . In the control group 67% of the @entity1 had a positive postoperative anaerobic culture. @entity2868 was isolated from 13 of 14 @entity1 with @entity86 in the placebo group. @entity2868 was not isolated from any of the @entity868 -treated @entity1 . The study indicates that anaerobic bacteria are the major contributors to would @entity281 following colonic and rectal surgery and that @entity868 prophylaxis greatly reduces the frequency of @entity86 .

title: Systemic prophylaxis with @entity868 ( XXXX ) in elective surgery of the colon and rectum.

answer: @entity868 :: (MESH:D008795,Chemical) :: ['Flagyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to describe laboratory findings and imaging results for @entity4837 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity293 ( @entity293 ). STUDY DESIGN: Medical records were reviewed for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity293 in a single @entity4837 ( @entity4837 ) over a 13-year period. RESULTS: Of the 8,241 @entity1 admitted to the @entity4837 during the study period, 137 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity293 . Imaging was reviewed for 101 @entity1 . @entity8 was found in 34% of @entity1 and vesicoureteral reflux was found in 21%. @entity8 was not associated with reflux (OR: 0.53 [95% CI: 0.18-1.5]). The sensitivity of urinalysis to detect a positive culture was 76%, and the specificity was 41%. Tests of cure for @entity2348 were uniformly negative. CONCLUSION: @entity8 was common but not associated with reflux among @entity4837 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity293 . Diagnostic criteria in this population are not well defined, and guidelines are needed for diagnosis and management of UTIs in @entity4837 @entity1 .

title: XXXX in a @entity4837 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal pelvis dilation']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal intensive care unit', 'NICU', 'neonatal']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['Urinary tract infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to describe laboratory findings and imaging results for @entity4837 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity293 ( @entity293 ). STUDY DESIGN: Medical records were reviewed for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity293 in a single @entity4837 ( @entity4837 ) over a 13-year period. RESULTS: Of the 8,241 @entity1 admitted to the @entity4837 during the study period, 137 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity293 . Imaging was reviewed for 101 @entity1 . @entity8 was found in 34% of @entity1 and vesicoureteral reflux was found in 21%. @entity8 was not associated with reflux (OR: 0.53 [95% CI: 0.18-1.5]). The sensitivity of urinalysis to detect a positive culture was 76%, and the specificity was 41%. Tests of cure for @entity2348 were uniformly negative. CONCLUSION: @entity8 was common but not associated with reflux among @entity4837 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity293 . Diagnostic criteria in this population are not well defined, and guidelines are needed for diagnosis and management of UTIs in @entity4837 @entity1 .

title: @entity293 in a XXXX .

answer: @entity4837 :: (MESH:D007567,Disease) :: ['neonatal intensive care unit']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS) has issued guidance regarding the use of reoperation rates in the revalidation of UK-based orthopaedic surgeons. Currently, little has been published concerning acceptable rates of reoperation following primary surgical management of orthopaedic @entity130 , particularly with reference to revalidation. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of @entity1 undergoing clearly defined reoperations following primary surgical management of @entity130 between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2011. A full case note review was undertaken to establish the demographics, clinical course and context of reoperation. A review of the imaging was performed to establish whether the procedure performed was in line with accepted @entity130 practice and whether the technical execution was acceptable. RESULTS: A total of 3,688 @entity1 underwent primary procedures within the time period studied while 70 (1.90%, 99% CI: 1.39-2.55) required an unplanned reoperation. Thirty-nine (56%) of these @entity1 were male. The mean age of @entity1 was 56 years (range: 18-98 years) and there was a median time to reoperation of 50 days (IQR: 13-154 days). Potentially avoidable reoperations occurred in 41 @entity1 (58.6%, 99% CI: 43.2-72.6). This was largely due to technical errors (40 @entity1 , 57.1%, 99% CI: 41.8-71.3), representing 1.11% (99% CI: 0.73-1.64) of the total @entity130 workload. Within RCS guidelines, 28-day reoperation rates for hip, wrist and @entity1171 were 1.4% (99% CI: 0.5-3.3), 3.5% (99% CI: 0.8%-12.1) and 1.86% (99% CI: 0.4-6.6) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We present novel work that has established baseline reoperation rates for index procedures required for revalidation of orthopaedic surgeons.

title: The epidemiology of reoperations for orthopaedic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity4048 after C3-6 laminoplasty has been reported to be significantly lesser than that after C3-7 laminoplasty because of the preservation of the @entity36381 spinous process and the attachment of nuchal muscles such as the trapezius and @entity2048 , which are connected to the scapula. The @entity6747 spinous process is the second longest spinous process after that of @entity36381 , and it serves as an attachment point for these muscles. The effect of preserving the @entity6747 spinous process and its muscular attachment, in addition to preservation of the @entity36381 spinous process, on the prevention of @entity4048 is not well understood. The purpose of the current study was to clarify whether preservation of the paraspinal muscles of the @entity6747 spinous process reduces @entity282 compared to that after using nonpreservation techniques. METHODS The authors studied 60 @entity1 who underwent C3-6 double-door laminoplasty for the treatment of cervical spondylotic @entity602 or cervical @entity3057 ; the minimum follow-up period was 1 year. Twenty-five @entity1 underwent a @entity6747 paraspinal muscle preservation technique, and 35 underwent a @entity6747 nonpreservation technique. A visual analog scale (VAS) and VAS grading (Grades I-IV) were used to assess @entity4048 1-3 months after surgery and at the final follow-up examination. @entity4048 was classified as being 1 of 5 types, and its location was divided into 5 areas. The potential correlation between the @entity21495 spinous process length ratio and @entity4048 was examined. RESULTS The mean VAS scores (   SD) for @entity4048 were comparable between the C6-preservation group and the C6-nonpreservation group in both the early and late postoperative stages (4.1    3.1 vs 4.0    3.2 and 3.8    2.9 vs 3.6    3.0, respectively). The distribution of VAS grades was comparable in the 2 groups in both postoperative stages. Stiffness was the most prevalent complaint in both groups (64.0% and 54.5%, respectively), and the suprascapular region was the most common site in both groups (60.0% and 57.1%, respectively). The types and locations of @entity4048 were also similar between the groups. The @entity21495 spinous process length ratios were similar in the groups, and they did not correlate with @entity4048 . The reductions of range of motion and changes in sagittal alignment after surgery were also similar. CONCLUSIONS The @entity6747 paraspinal muscle preservation technique was not superior to the C6-nonpreservation technique for preventing @entity282 .

title: Effect of preservation of the XXXX spinous process and its paraspinal muscular attachment on the prevention of @entity282 in C3-6 laminoplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['Axial neck pain', 'axial neck pain']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['rhomboideus minor']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative axial neck pain']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament']

answer: @entity6747 :: (729,Gene) :: ['C-6']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity4048 after C3-6 laminoplasty has been reported to be significantly lesser than that after C3-7 laminoplasty because of the preservation of the @entity36381 spinous process and the attachment of nuchal muscles such as the trapezius and @entity2048 , which are connected to the scapula. The @entity6747 spinous process is the second longest spinous process after that of @entity36381 , and it serves as an attachment point for these muscles. The effect of preserving the @entity6747 spinous process and its muscular attachment, in addition to preservation of the @entity36381 spinous process, on the prevention of @entity4048 is not well understood. The purpose of the current study was to clarify whether preservation of the paraspinal muscles of the @entity6747 spinous process reduces @entity282 compared to that after using nonpreservation techniques. METHODS The authors studied 60 @entity1 who underwent C3-6 double-door laminoplasty for the treatment of cervical spondylotic @entity602 or cervical @entity3057 ; the minimum follow-up period was 1 year. Twenty-five @entity1 underwent a @entity6747 paraspinal muscle preservation technique, and 35 underwent a @entity6747 nonpreservation technique. A visual analog scale (VAS) and VAS grading (Grades I-IV) were used to assess @entity4048 1-3 months after surgery and at the final follow-up examination. @entity4048 was classified as being 1 of 5 types, and its location was divided into 5 areas. The potential correlation between the @entity21495 spinous process length ratio and @entity4048 was examined. RESULTS The mean VAS scores (   SD) for @entity4048 were comparable between the C6-preservation group and the C6-nonpreservation group in both the early and late postoperative stages (4.1    3.1 vs 4.0    3.2 and 3.8    2.9 vs 3.6    3.0, respectively). The distribution of VAS grades was comparable in the 2 groups in both postoperative stages. Stiffness was the most prevalent complaint in both groups (64.0% and 54.5%, respectively), and the suprascapular region was the most common site in both groups (60.0% and 57.1%, respectively). The types and locations of @entity4048 were also similar between the groups. The @entity21495 spinous process length ratios were similar in the groups, and they did not correlate with @entity4048 . The reductions of range of motion and changes in sagittal alignment after surgery were also similar. CONCLUSIONS The @entity6747 paraspinal muscle preservation technique was not superior to the C6-nonpreservation technique for preventing @entity282 .

title: Effect of preservation of the @entity6747 spinous process and its paraspinal muscular attachment on the prevention of XXXX in C3-6 laminoplasty.

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative axial neck pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Over the years, it has been discussed whether T-type @entity460 channels @entity30587 play a role in the @entity65 . T-type channels have been reported to play an important role in renal hemodynamics, contractility of resistance vessels, and pacemaker activity in the heart. However, the lack of highly specific blockers cast doubt on the conclusions. As new T-type channel antagonists are being designed, the roles of T-type channels in cardiovascular and renal pathology need to be elucidated before T-type blockers can be clinically useful. Two types of T-type channels, @entity30587 .1 and @entity5530 , are expressed in blood vessels, the kidney, and the heart. Studies with gene-deficient @entity19 have provided a way to investigate the @entity30587 .1 and @entity5530 channels and their role in the cardiovascular system. This review discusses the results from these knockout @entity19 . Evaluation of the literature leads to the conclusion that @entity30587 .1 and @entity5530 channels have important, but different, functions in @entity19 . T-type @entity30587 .1 channels affect heart rate, whereas @entity5530 channels are involved in @entity1283 . In the vascular system, @entity5530 activation leads to dilation of blood vessels, whereas @entity30587 .1 channels are mainly suggested to affect constriction. The @entity30587 .1 channel is also involved in @entity8233 following @entity1504 . In the kidney, @entity30587 .1 regulates plasma flow and @entity5530 plays a role setting glomerular filtration rate. In conclusion, @entity30587 .1 and @entity5530 are new therapeutic targets in several cardiovascular pathologies, but the use of T-type blockers should be specifically directed to the disease and to the channel subtype.

title: Functional importance of T-type voltage-gated @entity460 channels in the XXXX : news from the world of knockout @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and renal system']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima formation']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular and renal system']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Over the years, it has been discussed whether T-type @entity460 channels @entity30587 play a role in the @entity65 . T-type channels have been reported to play an important role in renal hemodynamics, contractility of resistance vessels, and pacemaker activity in the heart. However, the lack of highly specific blockers cast doubt on the conclusions. As new T-type channel antagonists are being designed, the roles of T-type channels in cardiovascular and renal pathology need to be elucidated before T-type blockers can be clinically useful. Two types of T-type channels, @entity30587 .1 and @entity5530 , are expressed in blood vessels, the kidney, and the heart. Studies with gene-deficient @entity19 have provided a way to investigate the @entity30587 .1 and @entity5530 channels and their role in the cardiovascular system. This review discusses the results from these knockout @entity19 . Evaluation of the literature leads to the conclusion that @entity30587 .1 and @entity5530 channels have important, but different, functions in @entity19 . T-type @entity30587 .1 channels affect heart rate, whereas @entity5530 channels are involved in @entity1283 . In the vascular system, @entity5530 activation leads to dilation of blood vessels, whereas @entity30587 .1 channels are mainly suggested to affect constriction. The @entity30587 .1 channel is also involved in @entity8233 following @entity1504 . In the kidney, @entity30587 .1 regulates plasma flow and @entity5530 plays a role setting glomerular filtration rate. In conclusion, @entity30587 .1 and @entity5530 are new therapeutic targets in several cardiovascular pathologies, but the use of T-type blockers should be specifically directed to the disease and to the channel subtype.

title: Functional importance of T-type voltage-gated XXXX channels in the @entity65 : news from the world of knockout @entity19 .

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Over the years, it has been discussed whether T-type @entity460 channels @entity30587 play a role in the @entity65 . T-type channels have been reported to play an important role in renal hemodynamics, contractility of resistance vessels, and pacemaker activity in the heart. However, the lack of highly specific blockers cast doubt on the conclusions. As new T-type channel antagonists are being designed, the roles of T-type channels in cardiovascular and renal pathology need to be elucidated before T-type blockers can be clinically useful. Two types of T-type channels, @entity30587 .1 and @entity5530 , are expressed in blood vessels, the kidney, and the heart. Studies with gene-deficient @entity19 have provided a way to investigate the @entity30587 .1 and @entity5530 channels and their role in the cardiovascular system. This review discusses the results from these knockout @entity19 . Evaluation of the literature leads to the conclusion that @entity30587 .1 and @entity5530 channels have important, but different, functions in @entity19 . T-type @entity30587 .1 channels affect heart rate, whereas @entity5530 channels are involved in @entity1283 . In the vascular system, @entity5530 activation leads to dilation of blood vessels, whereas @entity30587 .1 channels are mainly suggested to affect constriction. The @entity30587 .1 channel is also involved in @entity8233 following @entity1504 . In the kidney, @entity30587 .1 regulates plasma flow and @entity5530 plays a role setting glomerular filtration rate. In conclusion, @entity30587 .1 and @entity5530 are new therapeutic targets in several cardiovascular pathologies, but the use of T-type blockers should be specifically directed to the disease and to the channel subtype.

title: Functional importance of T-type voltage-gated @entity460 channels in the @entity65 : news from the world of knockout XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Early neurodevelopment requires cell fate commitment from pluripotent stem cells to restricted neural lineages, which involves the epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure and lineage-specific gene transcription. However, it remains unclear how histone H3 @entity376 9 acetylation (H3K9Ac), an epigenetic mark representing transcriptionally active chromatin, is involved in the neural commitment from pluripotent embryonic stem cell (ESC). In this study, we demonstrate that H3K9Ac gradually declines during the first 4 days of in vitro neural differentiation of @entity1 ESCs (hESCs) and then increases during day 4-8. Consistent with this finding, the H3K9Ac enrichment at several pluripotency genes was decreased, and H3K9Ac occupancies at the loci of neurodevelopmental genes increased during hESC neural commitment. Inhibiting H3K9 deacetylation on days 0-4 by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) promoted hESC pluripotency and suppressed its neural differentiation. Conversely, HDACi-elicited upregulation of H3K9 acetylation on days 4-8 enhanced neural differentiation and activated multiple neurodevelopmental genes. Mechanistically, HDACis promote pluripotency gene transcription to support hESC self-renewal through suppressing @entity3997 activity. During hESC neural commitment, HDACis relieve the inhibitory activities of @entity71728 and thereby promote early neurodevelopmental gene expression by interfering with gene-specific histone acetylation patterns. Furthermore, @entity3493 is primarily identified as the major histone acetylation factors involved in both hESC pluripotency and neural differentiation. Our results indicate that epigenetic modification plays pivotal roles during the early neural specification of hESCs. The histone acetylation, which is regulated by distinct HDAC members at different @entity245 , plays dual roles in hESC pluripotency maintenance and neural differentiation.

title: Dual Roles of Histone H3 Lysine 9 Acetylation in XXXX Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency and Neural Differentiation.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental stages']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of the current study was to conduct a systematic review of the published literature to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET, PTE/CT, MRI and scintigraphy for @entity1582 related @entity79 . METHODS: Through a search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of each study. We estimated pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), and two sample Z-tests were conducted to evaluate for differences in sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and the Q* index between any two diagnostic modalities. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies were reviewed. The MRI had a pooled sensitivity of 0.88, specificity of 0.68, AUC of 0.897, and Q*index of 0.828, whereas for MIBI, the corresponding values were 0.98, 0.90, 0.991, and 0.962, respectively, and for bone scan, they were 066, 0.83, 0.805, and 0.740, respectively. The corresponding values of MIBI were 0.98, 0.90, 0.991, and 0.962, respectively. For PET and PET/CT, the values were 0.91, 0.69, 0.927 and 0.861, respectively. Statistically significant differences were not found in the sensitivity, specificity, AUC, and Q* index between MRI, scintigraphy, FDG-PET and PET/CT. CONCLUSIONS: On the condition that X ray is taken as a reference in our study, we suggested that FDG-PET, PTE/CT, MRI and scintigraphy are all associated with high detection rate of @entity79 in @entity1 with MM. Thus, in clinical practice, it is recommended that we could choose these tests according to the condition of the @entity1 .

title: A Systematic Review of MRI, Scintigraphy, FDG-PET and PET/CT for Diagnosis of XXXX Related @entity79 - Which is Best?

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Multiple Myeloma']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of the current study was to conduct a systematic review of the published literature to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET, PTE/CT, MRI and scintigraphy for @entity1582 related @entity79 . METHODS: Through a search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of each study. We estimated pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), and two sample Z-tests were conducted to evaluate for differences in sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and the Q* index between any two diagnostic modalities. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies were reviewed. The MRI had a pooled sensitivity of 0.88, specificity of 0.68, AUC of 0.897, and Q*index of 0.828, whereas for MIBI, the corresponding values were 0.98, 0.90, 0.991, and 0.962, respectively, and for bone scan, they were 066, 0.83, 0.805, and 0.740, respectively. The corresponding values of MIBI were 0.98, 0.90, 0.991, and 0.962, respectively. For PET and PET/CT, the values were 0.91, 0.69, 0.927 and 0.861, respectively. Statistically significant differences were not found in the sensitivity, specificity, AUC, and Q* index between MRI, scintigraphy, FDG-PET and PET/CT. CONCLUSIONS: On the condition that X ray is taken as a reference in our study, we suggested that FDG-PET, PTE/CT, MRI and scintigraphy are all associated with high detection rate of @entity79 in @entity1 with MM. Thus, in clinical practice, it is recommended that we could choose these tests according to the condition of the @entity1 .

title: A Systematic Review of MRI, Scintigraphy, FDG-PET and PET/CT for Diagnosis of @entity1582 Related XXXX - Which is Best?

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['Bone Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Root-knot @entity2199 secrete proteinaceous effectors into plant tissues to facilitate infection by preventing host defenses and reprogramming the host metabolism to their benefit. Meloidogyne graminicola is a major pest of @entity579 ( @entity579 ) in Asia and in Latin America, causing important crop losses. The goal of this study was to identify @entity37918 pathogenicity genes expressed during the plant- @entity2199 interaction. Using the dual RNA-seq strategy, we generated transcriptomic data of @entity37918 samples covering the pre-parasitic J2 stage and 5 parasitic stages in @entity579 plants, from the parasitic J2 to the adult female. In the absence of a reference genome, a de novo @entity37918 transcriptome of 66 396 contigs was obtained from those reads that were not mapped on the @entity579 genome. Gene expression profiling across the @entity37918 life cycle revealed key genes involved in the @entity2199 development and provided insights into genes putatively associated with @entity4801 . Development of a "secreted protein prediction" pipeline revealed a typical set of proteins secreted by @entity2199 , as well as a high number of @entity462 -rich proteins and putative nuclear proteins. Combined to expression data, this pipeline enabled identification of 15 putative effector genes, including two homologs of well-characterized effectors from cyst @entity2199 ( @entity30130 -like and @entity71729 ), and a metallothionein. The localization of gene expression was assessed by in situ hybridization for a subset of candidates. All these data represent important molecular resources to elucidate @entity37918 biology and to select for potential targets to develop novel control strategies for this @entity2199 species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Dual RNA-seq reveals Meloidogyne graminicola transcriptome and candidate effectors during the interaction with XXXX plants.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa', 'rice']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: During 1970-1976, 459 cases of primary @entity96 were admitted to the Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. Three hundred and two cases (66%) had associated @entity82 . Fifty-five cases or 12 per cent presented with @entity18767 from ruptured carcinomatous @entity9384 . In most of these, the presenting symptom were not dramatic and might be indistinguishable from other uncomplicated @entity96 . Only 2 cases presented as acute abdomen and 5 cases had severe @entity490 for short duration prior to admission. Peritonoscopy were performed routinely in all cases with @entity18767 except the two cases which presented as acute abdomen. Fifty cases or 91 per cent had associated @entity82 and the site of the @entity397 were visualized in 6 cases or 11.32 per cent. Fourteen @entity1 were treated conservatively with the mortality rate of 100 per cent. Eight @entity1 who presumably bled from @entity3459 were also treated conservatively with only 50 per cent mortality. Hepatic artery ligation was employed in 23 cases with 52 per cent mortality and @entity548 stopped in 95 per cent, as compare with other conventional surgical measure such as packing, suture and cauterization to control the @entity548 with 90 per cent mortality. Judging from our experience, hepatic artery ligation is of definite value for palliative treatment particularly in @entity1 with @entity18767 from ruptured @entity96 .

title: Intraperitoneal XXXX due to spontaneous @entity96 with particular reference to hepatic artery ligation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation defect']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity18767 :: ('MESH:D006465', 'Disease') :: ['hemoperitoneum']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: During 1970-1976, 459 cases of primary @entity96 were admitted to the Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. Three hundred and two cases (66%) had associated @entity82 . Fifty-five cases or 12 per cent presented with @entity18767 from ruptured carcinomatous @entity9384 . In most of these, the presenting symptom were not dramatic and might be indistinguishable from other uncomplicated @entity96 . Only 2 cases presented as acute abdomen and 5 cases had severe @entity490 for short duration prior to admission. Peritonoscopy were performed routinely in all cases with @entity18767 except the two cases which presented as acute abdomen. Fifty cases or 91 per cent had associated @entity82 and the site of the @entity397 were visualized in 6 cases or 11.32 per cent. Fourteen @entity1 were treated conservatively with the mortality rate of 100 per cent. Eight @entity1 who presumably bled from @entity3459 were also treated conservatively with only 50 per cent mortality. Hepatic artery ligation was employed in 23 cases with 52 per cent mortality and @entity548 stopped in 95 per cent, as compare with other conventional surgical measure such as packing, suture and cauterization to control the @entity548 with 90 per cent mortality. Judging from our experience, hepatic artery ligation is of definite value for palliative treatment particularly in @entity1 with @entity18767 from ruptured @entity96 .

title: Intraperitoneal @entity548 due to spontaneous XXXX with particular reference to hepatic artery ligation.

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['rupture of primary liver cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess whether there was a significant difference in the complications of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) between out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) and @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) survivors using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospective registry data. We enrolled both OHCA and @entity1167 @entity1 who underwent successful CPR. We classified @entity764 secondary to chest compression into @entity174 , sternum @entity174 , and uncommon complications such as lung contusions and extrathoracic complications. We compared these complications according to CPR locations. We also analysed risk factors for CPR complications using multiple regression analysis and classification and regression tree analysis. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 148 @entity1 were included in the primary analysis. @entity174 were detected more in OHCA survivors than in @entity1167 survivors (74 @entity1 (83.2%) vs. 37 @entity1 (62.7%), p=0.05), and frequency of @entity174 was higher in OHCA survivors than @entity1167 survivors (69 @entity1 (77.5%) vs. 34 @entity1 (57.6%), p=0.01). Although other complications were not significantly different between the groups, there was a trend for OHCA survivors to sustain more serious and direct high-energy related complications. Older age, longer CPR, and OHCA were significantly associated with incidence of @entity174 , @entity174 , and number of @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity174 were more likely to occur in OHCA survivors, and serious complications tended to occur more often in OHCA compared to @entity1167 survivors.

title: Comparison of complications secondary to cardiopulmonary resuscitation between out-of-hospital XXXX and @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Rib fractures', 'multiple rib fractures', 'rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'IHCA', 'in-hospital cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']