abstract: PURPOSE: The effectiveness of @entity8 (TAE) with a mixture of @entity1068 and iodized oil ( @entity4831 ) was analyzed retrospectively in 27 @entity1 with unresectable @entity1358 . METHODS: Symptomatic or permanent palliation by TAE was performed with the intent to achieve total or partial ablation of the kidney with 10-28 ml of embolic material in a 3:1 mixture of @entity1068 and iodized oil. Clinical, angiographic, and computed tomographic (CT) follow-up were analyzed. Cumulative survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Partial (5) or complete (22) ablation of the embolized kidneys was achieved in all cases. Follow-up CT after 1 month revealed @entity4831 uptake in the @entity5 area (14/14), decreased size of the @entity5 (6/14), and gas formation (7/14). Pulmonary metastasis improved significantly in one @entity1 after transcatheter arterial embolization and adjunctive chemotherapy. Overall median survival of the 27 @entity1 was 8.5 months. The median survival was 23 months in 10 @entity1 with stage III, three of whom are still alive, and was 7 months in 15 @entity1 with stage IV @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The mixture of @entity1068 and @entity4831 is not only a convenient embolic material to use, but is also effective for selective or nonselective devascularization for unresectable @entity1358 .

title: Transcatheter arterial embolization of unresectable XXXX with a mixture of @entity1068 and iodized oil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal transcatheter arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipiodol']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The effectiveness of @entity8 (TAE) with a mixture of @entity1068 and iodized oil ( @entity4831 ) was analyzed retrospectively in 27 @entity1 with unresectable @entity1358 . METHODS: Symptomatic or permanent palliation by TAE was performed with the intent to achieve total or partial ablation of the kidney with 10-28 ml of embolic material in a 3:1 mixture of @entity1068 and iodized oil. Clinical, angiographic, and computed tomographic (CT) follow-up were analyzed. Cumulative survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Partial (5) or complete (22) ablation of the embolized kidneys was achieved in all cases. Follow-up CT after 1 month revealed @entity4831 uptake in the @entity5 area (14/14), decreased size of the @entity5 (6/14), and gas formation (7/14). Pulmonary metastasis improved significantly in one @entity1 after transcatheter arterial embolization and adjunctive chemotherapy. Overall median survival of the 27 @entity1 was 8.5 months. The median survival was 23 months in 10 @entity1 with stage III, three of whom are still alive, and was 7 months in 15 @entity1 with stage IV @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The mixture of @entity1068 and @entity4831 is not only a convenient embolic material to use, but is also effective for selective or nonselective devascularization for unresectable @entity1358 .

title: Transcatheter arterial embolization of unresectable @entity1358 with a mixture of XXXX and iodized oil.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a risk factor for the development of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) in hands and knees. Adipose tissue can secrete different adipokines with powerful immunomodulatory effects. The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is an intra-articular organ in the vicinity of the synovium and cartilage. It is hypothesised that IFP-derived soluble factors could contribute to pathological processes in the knee joint. A study was therefore undertaken to compare the release of inflammatory mediators in the IFP and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and to characterise the adipocytes and immune cell infiltrate in these tissues. METHODS: Paired IFP and @entity1386 samples were obtained from 27 @entity1 with primary @entity571 . The @entity455 ( @entity455 ) was isolated and characterised by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Cytokine and adipokine release in fat- and adipocyte-conditioned media was measured by luminex. RESULTS: IFP secreted higher levels of inflammatory mediators such as @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity16739 , @entity1254 and visfatin than @entity1386 . This could be due to differences in the phenotype of adipocytes and/or in the composition and phenotype of the @entity455 cells. IFP adipocyte-conditioned media showed a trend towards more @entity650 and @entity16739 than @entity1386 . Moreover, the @entity455 fraction of IFP contained more cells/g tissue, a lower percentage of T cells and a higher percentage of mast cells than @entity1386 . In addition, T cells had a predominantly pro-inflammatory phenotype while macrophages had a mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotype in the IFP. CONCLUSION: There are profound differences in secreted inflammatory factors and immune cell composition between the IFP and @entity1386 . These data indicate that IFP-derived soluble mediators could contribute to pathophysiological processes in the @entity626 joint.

title: The infrapatellar fat pad of @entity1 with XXXX has an inflammatory phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['stromal vascular cell fraction', 'SVF']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'ScAT']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a risk factor for the development of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) in hands and knees. Adipose tissue can secrete different adipokines with powerful immunomodulatory effects. The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is an intra-articular organ in the vicinity of the synovium and cartilage. It is hypothesised that IFP-derived soluble factors could contribute to pathological processes in the knee joint. A study was therefore undertaken to compare the release of inflammatory mediators in the IFP and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and to characterise the adipocytes and immune cell infiltrate in these tissues. METHODS: Paired IFP and @entity1386 samples were obtained from 27 @entity1 with primary @entity571 . The @entity455 ( @entity455 ) was isolated and characterised by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Cytokine and adipokine release in fat- and adipocyte-conditioned media was measured by luminex. RESULTS: IFP secreted higher levels of inflammatory mediators such as @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity16739 , @entity1254 and visfatin than @entity1386 . This could be due to differences in the phenotype of adipocytes and/or in the composition and phenotype of the @entity455 cells. IFP adipocyte-conditioned media showed a trend towards more @entity650 and @entity16739 than @entity1386 . Moreover, the @entity455 fraction of IFP contained more cells/g tissue, a lower percentage of T cells and a higher percentage of mast cells than @entity1386 . In addition, T cells had a predominantly pro-inflammatory phenotype while macrophages had a mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotype in the IFP. CONCLUSION: There are profound differences in secreted inflammatory factors and immune cell composition between the IFP and @entity1386 . These data indicate that IFP-derived soluble mediators could contribute to pathophysiological processes in the @entity626 joint.

title: The infrapatellar fat pad of XXXX with @entity571 has an inflammatory phenotype.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a @entity66 with both environmental and genetic factors contributing to its development. The incidence of @entity14 is increasing year by year in Japan. @entity1 with @entity14 in advanced stages have a poor prognosis, but detection of @entity14 at earlier stages can improve clinical outcome. Therefore, identification of epidemiologial factors that influence development of @entity14 would facilitate the prevention or early detection of disease. METHODS: To identify loci associated with @entity14 risk, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for @entity14 and sub-analyses by @entity5 location using 1583 Japanese @entity14 cases and 1898 controls. Subsequently, we conducted replication analyses using a total of 4809 @entity14 cases and 2973 controls including 225 Korean subjects with distal @entity694 and 377 controls. RESULTS: We identified a novel locus on 6q26-q27 region ( @entity73239 in @entity33895 , p = 7.92   10      , OR of 1.28) that was significantly associated with distal @entity694 . We also replicated the association between @entity14 and SNPs on 8q24 ( @entity36684 and @entity73240 , p = 1.51   10       and 7.44   10      , ORs of 1.18 and 1.17, respectively). Moreover, we found cumulative effects of three genetic factors ( @entity73239 , @entity36684 , and @entity73241 in @entity8110 ) and one environmental factor ( @entity167 drinking) which appear to increase @entity14 risk approximately twofold. CONCLUSIONS: We found a novel susceptible locus in @entity33895 that contributes to the risk of distal @entity694 in an Asian population. These findings would further extend our understanding of the role of common genetic variants in the aetiology of @entity14 .

title: Common variant in 6q26-q27 is associated with distal XXXX in an Asian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The worldwide rise in the incidence of @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ), and the concordance rate between monozygotic twins (50%), indicate a strong effect of the environment as an underlying factor of this disease. This process can occur throughout epigenetic modifications of gene expression such as DNA methylation, in which several nutrients participate as cofactors. AIM: To determine DNA methylation status in @entity1723 @entity1 and if it is related to plasma levels of @entity26457 and @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We obtained blood samples from 25 @entity1723 @entity1 aged 13.7    5.9 years (11 males) and 25 healthy subjects aged 31.1    7.8 years (16 males). DNA methylation was measured using a colorimetric kit in extracted DNA. Results are expressed as median (interquartile range). RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, @entity1723 @entity1 had lower global DNA methylation (0.85 (0.91) % and 1.25 (1.16) % respectively, p < 0.02) and @entity5784 levels (4.8 (1.1)   mol/L and 7.3 (1.4)   mol/L respectively p < 0.01). There were no differences in @entity1501 levels between groups. A significant association between folates and global DNA methylation status was observed in @entity1723 @entity1 (r = -0.564, p < 0.01) and healthy subjects (r = 0.440, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: @entity22994 @entity1 had lower levels of @entity5784 and global DNA methylation. It is relevant to further investigate if this imbalance also induces epigenetic changes in a gene-specific manner, especially in key genes involved in @entity1723 pathogenesis.

title: [Global DNA methylation and XXXX levels are lower in type 1 diabetes @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'Type 1 Diabetes']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The worldwide rise in the incidence of @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ), and the concordance rate between monozygotic twins (50%), indicate a strong effect of the environment as an underlying factor of this disease. This process can occur throughout epigenetic modifications of gene expression such as DNA methylation, in which several nutrients participate as cofactors. AIM: To determine DNA methylation status in @entity1723 @entity1 and if it is related to plasma levels of @entity26457 and @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We obtained blood samples from 25 @entity1723 @entity1 aged 13.7    5.9 years (11 males) and 25 healthy subjects aged 31.1    7.8 years (16 males). DNA methylation was measured using a colorimetric kit in extracted DNA. Results are expressed as median (interquartile range). RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, @entity1723 @entity1 had lower global DNA methylation (0.85 (0.91) % and 1.25 (1.16) % respectively, p < 0.02) and @entity5784 levels (4.8 (1.1)   mol/L and 7.3 (1.4)   mol/L respectively p < 0.01). There were no differences in @entity1501 levels between groups. A significant association between folates and global DNA methylation status was observed in @entity1723 @entity1 (r = -0.564, p < 0.01) and healthy subjects (r = 0.440, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: @entity22994 @entity1 had lower levels of @entity5784 and global DNA methylation. It is relevant to further investigate if this imbalance also induces epigenetic changes in a gene-specific manner, especially in key genes involved in @entity1723 pathogenesis.

title: [Global DNA methylation and @entity1255 levels are lower in type 1 diabetes XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The fifth Jack Pepys Workshop on Asthma in the Workplace focused on the similarities and differences of work-related @entity565 (WRA) and non-work-related @entity565 (non-WRA). WRA includes @entity7446 ( @entity7446 ) and work-exacerbated @entity565 (WEA). There are few biological differences in the mechanisms of sensitization to environmental and occupational allergens. Non-WRA and @entity7446 , when due to high-molecular-weight agents, are both IgE mediated; it is uncertain whether @entity7446 due to low-molecular-weight agents is also IgE mediated. Risk factors for @entity7446 include female sex, a history of upper airway symptoms, and a history of @entity2488 . Atopy is a risk factor for @entity7446 due to high-molecular-weight agents, and exposure to cleaning agents is a risk factor for both @entity7446 and non-WRA. WEA is important among workers with preexisting @entity565 and may overlap with irritant-induced @entity565 , a type of @entity7446 . Induced sputum cytology can confirm airway inflammation, but specific inhalation challenge is the reference standard diagnostic test. Inhalation challenges are relatively safe, with the most severe reactions occurring with low-molecular-weight agents. Indirect health care costs account for about 50% of total @entity565 costs. Workers with poor @entity565 control (WRA or non-WRA) are less likely to be employed. Income loss is a major contributor to the indirect costs of WRA. Overall, @entity565 outcomes probably are worse for adult-onset than for childhood-onset @entity565 but better for @entity7446 than adult-onset non-WRA. Important aspects of management of @entity7446 are rapid and proper confirmation of the diagnosis and reduction of exposure to sensitizers or irritants at work and home.

title: An official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report: presentations and discussion of the fifth Jack Pepys Workshop on Asthma in the Workplace. Comparisons between XXXX in the workplace and non-work-related @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The fifth Jack Pepys Workshop on Asthma in the Workplace focused on the similarities and differences of work-related @entity565 (WRA) and non-work-related @entity565 (non-WRA). WRA includes @entity7446 ( @entity7446 ) and work-exacerbated @entity565 (WEA). There are few biological differences in the mechanisms of sensitization to environmental and occupational allergens. Non-WRA and @entity7446 , when due to high-molecular-weight agents, are both IgE mediated; it is uncertain whether @entity7446 due to low-molecular-weight agents is also IgE mediated. Risk factors for @entity7446 include female sex, a history of upper airway symptoms, and a history of @entity2488 . Atopy is a risk factor for @entity7446 due to high-molecular-weight agents, and exposure to cleaning agents is a risk factor for both @entity7446 and non-WRA. WEA is important among workers with preexisting @entity565 and may overlap with irritant-induced @entity565 , a type of @entity7446 . Induced sputum cytology can confirm airway inflammation, but specific inhalation challenge is the reference standard diagnostic test. Inhalation challenges are relatively safe, with the most severe reactions occurring with low-molecular-weight agents. Indirect health care costs account for about 50% of total @entity565 costs. Workers with poor @entity565 control (WRA or non-WRA) are less likely to be employed. Income loss is a major contributor to the indirect costs of WRA. Overall, @entity565 outcomes probably are worse for adult-onset than for childhood-onset @entity565 but better for @entity7446 than adult-onset non-WRA. Important aspects of management of @entity7446 are rapid and proper confirmation of the diagnosis and reduction of exposure to sensitizers or irritants at work and home.

title: An official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report: presentations and discussion of the fifth Jack Pepys Workshop on Asthma in the Workplace. Comparisons between @entity565 in the workplace and non-work-related XXXX .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Our objective was to profile clinical features of @entity746 ( @entity746 ); we performed a large sample, cross-sectional study based on a hospital registry of @entity746 in south-west China. @entity1 were coded in our tertiary referral centre from May 2006 to September 2014. Demographic data and disease-related parameters were collected. A total of 1131 @entity1 were included. Mean age of onset was 54.3    11.6 years and the highest proportion of onset age (30.6%) was between 51 and 60 years. Male:female ratio was 1.45:1. Nearly 30% of the @entity1 were young onset, and 20.3% of the @entity1 were bulbar onset; only 35% received @entity10891 treatment. The young-onset @entity1 had a higher educational level with a higher proportion performing manual labour and living in rural areas, and a lower proportion with bulbar onset than those who were older at onset. The bulbar-onset @entity1 were older at age of onset, with a lower proportion of males than spinal-onset @entity1 . In conclusion, Chinese @entity746 @entity1 may be younger at age of onset than Caucasian @entity1 . Environmental and geographical factors are related to the occurrence of @entity746 . The large treatment gap indicated a pressing need for medical and financial support for Chinese @entity746 @entity1 .

title: Clinical features of XXXX in south-west China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the physical and biological characteristics of commercial gamma-irradiated corneas with those of fresh @entity1 corneas and to determine suitability for transplantation. METHODS: The physical properties of gamma-irradiated and fresh corneas were evaluated with respect to light transmittance, hydration (swelling ratio), elastic modulus (compressive modulus by the indentation method), matrix organization (differential scanning calorimetry), and morphology (light and transmission electron microscopy). The biological properties of the gamma-irradiated @entity267 , including residual cell content and cellular biocompatibility, were evaluated by quantifying DNA content and measuring the proliferation rate of @entity1 corneal epithelial cells, respectively. RESULTS: The hydration, light transmittance, elastic modulus, and proliferation rate of @entity1 corneal epithelial cells were not significantly different between fresh and gamma-irradiated corneas. However, differences were observed in tissue morphology, DNA content, and thermal properties. The density of collagen fibrils of the gamma-irradiated corneal sample (160.6    33.2 fibrils/ m) was significantly lower than that of the fresh corneal sample (310.0    44.7 fibrils/ m). Additionally, in the gamma-irradiated corneas, cell fragments-but not viable cells-were observed, supported by lower DNA content of the gamma-irradiated @entity267 (1.0    0.1  g/mg) than in fresh corneas (1.9  g/mg). Moreover, the denaturation temperature of gamma-irradiated corneas (61.8    1.1   C) was significantly lower than that of fresh corneas (66.1    1.9   C). CONCLUSIONS: Despite structural changes due to irradiation, the physical and biological properties of the gamma-irradiated @entity267 remain similar to the fresh @entity267 . These factors, combined with a decreased risk of rejection and longer shelf life, make the gamma-irradiated tissue a viable and clinically desired option in various ophthalmic procedures.

title: Physical and Biological Characterization of the Gamma-Irradiated XXXX Cornea.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The high mortality rate associated with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) underscores the need for improving therapeutic options for this @entity1 population. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of vascular targeting in @entity263 . Experimental studies were carried out in subcutaneous and orthotopic Myc-CaP @entity263 implanted into male FVB @entity19 to examine the efficacy of a novel microtubule targeted vascular disrupting agent (VDA), EPC2407 ( @entity73242   ). A non-invasive multimodality imaging approach based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and ultrasound (US) was utilized to guide preclinical trial design and monitor @entity5 response to therapy. Imaging results were correlated with histopathologic assessment, @entity5 growth and survival analysis. Contrast-enhanced MRI revealed potent antivascular activity of EPC2407 against @entity5 . Longitudinal BLI of Myc-CaP @entity5 expressing luciferase under the @entity342 response element (Myc-CaP/ARE-luc) revealed changes in AR signaling and reduction in intratumoral delivery of @entity10051 substrate following castration suggestive of reduced blood flow. This reduction in blood flow was validated by US and MRI. Combination treatment resulted in sustained vascular suppression, inhibition of @entity5 regrowth and conferred a survival benefit in both models. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of vascular targeting in combination with @entity342 deprivation against @entity263 .

title: Multimodal imaging guided preclinical trials of vascular targeting in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC', 'prostate cancer', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'subcutaneous and orthotopic Myc-CaP tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10051 :: ('CHEBI:25078', 'Chemical') :: ['luciferin']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine the relationship between @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and the @entity551 ( @entity16054 ) and to elucidate the role of the @entity16054 as a surrogate marker for early detection of peripheral @entity455 (PAD) in @entity1 with @entity1252 . METHODS: In total, 135 @entity1 with @entity1252 and 135 age- and gender-matched subjects were enrolled. The @entity16054 and risk of an abnormal @entity16054 were compared between the @entity1252 and control groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between @entity1252 and an abnormal @entity16054 . The specificity and sensitivity of an @entity16054 of 10 mm Hg or greater for diagnosis of PAD (ankle brachial index of <0.90) were calculated. RESULTS: Both the systolic and diastolic IADs were significantly higher in the @entity1252 group than in the control group (P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, @entity1252 remained significantly associated with an abnormal @entity16054 (P = 0.039). Both the systolic and diastolic IADs were negatively associated with the ankle brachial index. Using a systolic @entity16054 of 10 mm Hg or greater as the cutoff point, the specificity and sensitivity for PAD were 90% and 41%, respectively. A diastolic @entity16054 of 10 mm Hg or greater exhibited higher specificity (92%), but lower sensitivity (30%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1252 is independently associated with an abnormal @entity16054 , and an @entity16054 of 10 mm Hg or greater predicts PAD with high specificity but low sensitivity. Blood pressure should be measured at least once in both arms in @entity1 with @entity1252 for early detection of asymptomatic PAD.

title: Interarm Blood Pressure Difference in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['interarm blood pressure difference']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine the relationship between @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and the @entity551 ( @entity16054 ) and to elucidate the role of the @entity16054 as a surrogate marker for early detection of peripheral @entity455 (PAD) in @entity1 with @entity1252 . METHODS: In total, 135 @entity1 with @entity1252 and 135 age- and gender-matched subjects were enrolled. The @entity16054 and risk of an abnormal @entity16054 were compared between the @entity1252 and control groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between @entity1252 and an abnormal @entity16054 . The specificity and sensitivity of an @entity16054 of 10 mm Hg or greater for diagnosis of PAD (ankle brachial index of <0.90) were calculated. RESULTS: Both the systolic and diastolic IADs were significantly higher in the @entity1252 group than in the control group (P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, @entity1252 remained significantly associated with an abnormal @entity16054 (P = 0.039). Both the systolic and diastolic IADs were negatively associated with the ankle brachial index. Using a systolic @entity16054 of 10 mm Hg or greater as the cutoff point, the specificity and sensitivity for PAD were 90% and 41%, respectively. A diastolic @entity16054 of 10 mm Hg or greater exhibited higher specificity (92%), but lower sensitivity (30%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1252 is independently associated with an abnormal @entity16054 , and an @entity16054 of 10 mm Hg or greater predicts PAD with high specificity but low sensitivity. Blood pressure should be measured at least once in both arms in @entity1 with @entity1252 for early detection of asymptomatic PAD.

title: Interarm Blood Pressure Difference in XXXX With @entity1252 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Growing @entity1707 (initial BW 14.3 +/- 1.2 kg) were fed isocaloric (3.26 Mcal of ME/kg) and isonitrogenous (16% CP) diets containing either 0 (low fiber, LF; n = 4) or 10% (high fiber, HF; n = 4) @entity3505 straw for ad libitum intake for 14 d. On d 14, each @entity1707 was injected i.v. with @entity1603 ( @entity1603 , a @entity1014 analog; 5 mg/kg) and was slaughtered 1 h later. Visceral organs (liver, pancreas, and intestines) were weighed, and tissue samples were obtained. Feed consumption, daily gain, gain: feed, and final BW did not differ between treatments. Neither visceral weights nor visceral weights per unit of eviscerated BW were affected by diets. Tissue concentrations of DNA (milligrams/gram of tissue) were lower (P < .03) in HF than in LF only for jejunum, ileum, and liver. Contents of DNA and protein (milligrams) did not differ between LF and HF for intestinal segments or liver. Content of RNA (milligrams) was greater (P < .04) in HF than in LF only for colon. The number of crypt cell nuclei that were labeled with @entity1603 (indicating DNA synthesis and thus cell proliferation) was increased (P < .03) in HF relative to LF for jejunum and colon. The number of epithelial cells exhibiting DNA fragmentation (indicating programmed cell death) was greater (P < .07) in the HF than in the LF group for jejunum and ileum. Width of intestinal villi was increased (P < .10) in HF vs LF for jejunum and ileum. Depth of intestinal crypts was increased (P < .08) in HF vs LF for jejunum, ileum, and colon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of dietary fiber on intestinal growth, cell proliferation, and morphology in growing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: @entity1 monocytes show a high affinity for vascular endothelium both in vitro and in vivo. To explore monocyte-endothelial interaction in greater detail, we have developed a new in vitro model for growth of @entity1 endothelial cells (EC). @entity1 umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) cultured upon collagen gels form confluent monolayers of EC that bind @entity575 at their intercellular border similar to cells in situ. Intercellular junctional structures, both adherens and tight junctions, were identified. In contrast, HUVEC grown on plastic surfaces did not stain with @entity575 . The @entity575 -staining characteristic of EC-collagen monolayers was reversible and related to their in vitro maturation and senescence. @entity575 staining of EC borders provided a grid by which the location of monocyte binding to the luminal surface of individual EC could be assessed. Using this technique, we found that monocytes preferentially bound to the margins of EC, in approximation to the @entity575 -staining junctions. These results suggest that EC determinants recognized by monocytes occur in a unique topographical distribution on the apical face of EC. After binding, monocytes migrated through the EC monolayers at high basal rates. The lack of penetration of collagen gels in the absence of an EC monolayer suggested the generation of EC-specific chemotactic signal(s). Monocytes were observed to pass between EC without evidence of disruption of the monolayer. @entity575 stain remained present during all phases of migration, and under transmission electron microscopy, junctional complexes were found proximal to monocytes that had just completed their passage through the monolayer. After orientation to the basal surface of the EC monolayer, monocytes migrated randomly into the underlying collagen gel. Monocyte adherence, penetration, migration, and long term survival can be studied under these conditions.

title: The selective binding and transmigration of monocytes through the junctional complexes of XXXX endothelium.

entities_list: @entity575 :: ('MESH:D012834', 'Chemical') :: ['Silver', 'silver']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity5 -predisposing conditions are at increased risk to develop and die of @entity5 . Limited data exist on the utility of whole-body MRI as a @entity5 screening tool in @entity1 . In this study, we examined the diagnostic performance of whole-body MRI as a mechanism of @entity5 surveillance for @entity1 at increased genetic risk for @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 (six @entity1 and 18 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 11.2 years (range, 2.1-18.2 years) underwent 50 unenhanced whole-body MRI examinations over a 5-year period. Scans were retrospectively reviewed and assessed for image quality; sequences performed; and the presence of osseous, soft-tissue, or solid organ abnormalities. Findings suggestive of a @entity5 were stratified by risk as low (< 20% chance for @entity5 ), moderate (20-80%), or high (> 80%). MRI findings were correlated with medical records, biopsy results, or additional follow-up imaging; biopsy and follow-up were considered as the reference standards. RESULTS: Forty-eight of 50 (96%) examinations were of very good quality. Nine findings suspicious for @entity5 were identified, including two high-risk, two moderate-risk, and five low-risk lesions. One high-risk lesion was proven by biopsy to be a @entity3557 , with the remaining lesions deemed nonmalignant. The sensitivity of whole-body MRI was 100%; specificity, 94%; positive predictive value, 25%; and negative predictive value (NPV), 100%. CONCLUSION: Unenhanced whole-body MRI is safe and produces excellent images. The high sensitivity, specificity, and NPV make whole-body MRI a valuable @entity5 screening tool in @entity1 with a genetic predisposition for @entity5 .

title: Diagnostic Performance of Whole-Body MRI as a Tool for Cancer Screening in XXXX With Genetic Cancer-Predisposing Conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: One hundred sixty-four consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 were enrolled in a prospective trial of coronary thrombolysis with streptokinase (STK). The first 98 @entity1 received intracoronary (i.c.) STK after coronary angiography and the next 66 received a high-dose rapid infusion of STK (900,000 IU) intravenously (i.v.) before angiography. First-pass radionuclide ejection fraction (EF) was performed early (within 24 hours of admission) and late (10 to 14 days after admission) to evaluate left ventricular function. In the i.v. group, 42 of 66 (64%) of @entity1188 were patent at the initial angiogram and 6 (9%) opened with subsequent i.c. STK. In the i.c. group, 13 of 98 (13%) of @entity1188 were patent at the initial angiogram and 50 of 85 (59%) opened with the i.c. STK. The i.v. and i.c. groups did not differ in time from onset of @entity662 to presentation, type of @entity1188 or underlying severity of @entity453 . In the i.v. group, STK was begun 67 minutes earlier than in the i.c. group. In 62 @entity1 in whom reperfusion was successful, mean EF increased from 39 +/- 11% early to 48 +/- 13% late. In 30 in whom it was not, the mean EF increased from 36 +/- 10% to 40 +/- 12%. The increase in EF was significantly greater in @entity1 in the reperfused group (p less than 0.03). In 18 @entity1 who underwent reperfusion by i.v. STK, the mean EF increased 11 +/- 12%, whereas in 44 @entity1 who had reperfusion by i.c. STK, the mean EF increased 9 +/- 10% (difference not significant).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intravenous versus intracoronary streptokinase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarct-related arteries']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to determine the MRI and CT features of low-grade @entity242 in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed images of 11 pediatric @entity1 with low-grade @entity242 from a phase 3 clinical trial of nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue @entity242 ( @entity1 's Oncology Group Protocol ARST0332). MRI and CT were performed in 10 and four @entity1 , respectively. Location, size, margin, and composition on imaging were correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS: @entity5 were located in the extremities in nine @entity1 , and one @entity5 each was located in the tongue and lung. @entity5 were deep in seven @entity1 and superficial in four @entity1 . All @entity5 were well defined, solitary, and nonmetastatic at presentation. @entity5 were complex solid-cystic in eight @entity1 and completely solid in three @entity1 . On T1-weighted images, all @entity5 had at least some areas hypointense to muscles, and six had a split-fat sign. On STIR or T2-weighted images, eight @entity5 had areas hypointense to adjacent muscle, and eight @entity5 had fluid signal intensity. On contrast-enhanced MRI studies, eight @entity5 had thick enhancing internal septations, and three had peripheral nodular gyriform enhancement. When we correlated imaging to pathologic findings, areas with hypointense signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images were likely related to fibrous component; areas with fluid signal intensity on T2-weighted images were likely related to myxoid component. On CT, all four @entity5 were @entity6152 to muscle, and one @entity5 showed punctate calcific foci. CONCLUSION: Low-grade @entity242 is @entity6152 to muscle on CT. MRI may identify both fibrous and myxoid components of this rare pediatric soft-tissue @entity242 .

title: MRI and CT of Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma in XXXX : A Report From @entity1 's Oncology Group Study ARST0332.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodense']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'fibromyxoid sarcoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to determine the MRI and CT features of low-grade @entity242 in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed images of 11 pediatric @entity1 with low-grade @entity242 from a phase 3 clinical trial of nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue @entity242 ( @entity1 's Oncology Group Protocol ARST0332). MRI and CT were performed in 10 and four @entity1 , respectively. Location, size, margin, and composition on imaging were correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS: @entity5 were located in the extremities in nine @entity1 , and one @entity5 each was located in the tongue and lung. @entity5 were deep in seven @entity1 and superficial in four @entity1 . All @entity5 were well defined, solitary, and nonmetastatic at presentation. @entity5 were complex solid-cystic in eight @entity1 and completely solid in three @entity1 . On T1-weighted images, all @entity5 had at least some areas hypointense to muscles, and six had a split-fat sign. On STIR or T2-weighted images, eight @entity5 had areas hypointense to adjacent muscle, and eight @entity5 had fluid signal intensity. On contrast-enhanced MRI studies, eight @entity5 had thick enhancing internal septations, and three had peripheral nodular gyriform enhancement. When we correlated imaging to pathologic findings, areas with hypointense signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images were likely related to fibrous component; areas with fluid signal intensity on T2-weighted images were likely related to myxoid component. On CT, all four @entity5 were @entity6152 to muscle, and one @entity5 showed punctate calcific foci. CONCLUSION: Low-grade @entity242 is @entity6152 to muscle on CT. MRI may identify both fibrous and myxoid components of this rare pediatric soft-tissue @entity242 .

title: MRI and CT of Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma in @entity1 : A Report From XXXX 's Oncology Group Study ARST0332.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Reconstruction for symptomatic @entity1347 knees has yielded varying success rates. Prosthetic cruciate replacement has recently become a potentially attractive alternative. The results of the Gore-Tex @entity736 ligament, which is intended as a permanent replacement, are reported. Eighty-two @entity1 were followed prospectively, mean age was 28 years (range, 16 to 51 years) and mean followup was 18 months (range, 12 to 30 months). Subjective scores improved in all categories, including @entity158 , swelling, giving way, locking, and stair climbing. All @entity1 without complications had no episodes of actual giving way, considered themselves improved, and returned to activities of daily living at 3 weeks and athletics at 8 months. Range of motion lacking at 3 months was 2 degrees of extension and 10 degrees of flexion, and at 12 months was 0 degrees of extension and 4 degrees of flexion. All mean objective data, including the anterior drawer, Lachman, and pivot shift, demonstrated improvement at final followup. Cybex testing revealed improvement in relative quadriceps strength from 88% to 99%. The KT-1000 Arthrometer showed improvement in the injured-normal knee difference score throughout the follow-up period. Of importance is that while final objective data was improved over initial data, an early nonprogressive shift toward loosening was indicated by worsening of the drawer, Lachman, pivot shift, and KT-1000 scores. This shift may be attributed to resorption of interposed soft tissue, creep, or loosening of the graft. Subjective scores remained stable after improving. Complications included four @entity397 , four chronic sterile effusions with partial attenuation, one @entity281 , and one symptomatic loose body.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Gore-Tex prosthetic ligament in XXXX knees.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior cruciate deficient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['anterior cruciate deficient']


abstract: At The Hospital for Special Surgery, the @entity121 tendon substitution (QTS), as described by Marshall, was performed for ACL insufficiency from 1973 to 1980. A review of the initial 60 @entity1 with a minimum of 4 years followup (average, 5.5 years) has been concluded. Thirty-eight @entity1 returned for examinations, and 11 returned questionnaires. Associated medial procedures were performed in 29 of the 38 examined @entity1 . Medial meniscus surgery was performed in 86% and lateral meniscus surgery in 28.9%. At followup, giving way, which was the main preoperative complaint, was eliminated in 30/38 examined and 9/11 questionnaire @entity1 (79%). In the examined group, three @entity1 were clear failures and five had mild transient instability. The pivot shift was present in 17 of 38 (45%) @entity1 examined: 21 @entity1 were negative, 9 were 1+ or a grind, 8 were 2+, and none were 3+. We have concluded that the QTS procedure will eliminate symptomatic instability in 79% of our @entity1 , but the high rate of a residual pivot shift (45%) and symptoms of instability (21%) require the addition of an extraarticular sling procedure. This appears to be related to the relatively poor strength characteristics of the tissue used in the QTS substitution.

title: Long-term followup of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the XXXX tendon substitution for chronic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['quadriceps']


abstract: Among 37 consecutive cases of @entity706 in which the skin was either the only site of disease or one of the prominent sites of initial involvement, 19 cases had a distinctive histological appearance. These cases corresponded to what has been termed " @entity706 ," and all were found to exhibit a T-cell phenotype either by frozen-section immunohistochemistry or by using monoclonal antibodies reactive in paraffin sections. There were nine @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ; the mean age was 48.2 years. The lesions were nodular and were either ulcerated or had intact skin. One case presented with involvement of one anatomical region of skin, five had involvement of multiple regions of skin, and 13 had concurrent extracutaneous disease. The disease pursued an aggressive course and was not uncommonly resistant to treatment. Histologically, the @entity2617 occurred predominantly in the mid to deep dermis with involvement of the subcutaneous layer. The pattern was mainly perivascular and peri-adnexal with or without confluence; the overlying epidermis and papillary dermis were often spared. A prominent feature was invasion of small or large blood vessels by @entity706 cells. Eight cases showed @entity39 of the neoplastic and normal tissues, and 12 cases showed @entity3 . The neoplastic lymphoid cells consisted of either a monomorphous population or a variable mixture of small, medium-sized, and large cells with stippled chromatin and distinct nucleoli. Although the nuclei were often irregularly folded, few exhibited a cerebriform configuration. The cytoplasm was pale to clear. These cases exhibit a remarkable histological similarity to the @entity784 of the nasal/nasopharyngeal region; in addition, there are features that overlap with so-called @entity272 .

title: XXXX . An aggressive lymphoma distinct from mycosis fungoides.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'angiocentric lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['extensive coagulative necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatous infiltrate']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['intraneural invasion']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatoid granulomatosis of the skin']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['Angiocentric T-cell lymphoma of the skin']


abstract: Several initiatives have been embarked upon over the past decade to encourage @entity0 screening and follow-up among @entity1 who reside in urban communities. With these efforts, data revealed that many @entity1 do not receive the recommended @entity0 screening. Studies have been published in scientific literature that explored barriers faced by @entity1 relative to @entity0 screening. But, only a few reports have been published of efforts initiated to define the limits of characteristics of @entity1 who have and @entity1 who have not been screened. This cross-sectional exploratory study was designed to examine the @entity0 screening practices of @entity1 40-74 years of age and older who reside in a densely populated metropolitan community of S.E. Wisconsin, and to identify and compare the characteristics of @entity1 who report @entity0 screening and with characteristics of @entity1 who report no @entity0 screening. The organizing framework for this study was derived from the United States Department of Health and @entity1 Services Determinants of Health Model. An investigator-designed instrument was used to assess the influence of age, family history of @entity0 insurance status, characteristics of residential neighborhood and local access to breast care on @entity0 screening. While the majority of the @entity1 surveyed reported @entity0 screening, less than half of the @entity1 reported screening that was consistent with recommended @entity0 screening guidelines (i.e. annual mammography and annual clinical breast examination). Deficits in @entity0 screening were noted most among @entity1 who were uninsured, with no knownfamily history of @entity0 , who resided in @entity258 , @entity389 without facilities for primary breast care. The results of this study demonstrate the needfor clinicians, health care administrators and advocates committed to @entity0 detection and control within targeted communities. They must carefully assess the impact of individual, social and structural factors on @entity0 screening, and the need to design initiatives specifically targeted to @entity1 who have received less than optimal or no @entity0 screening.

title: Exploratory Study of Breast Cancer Screening Practices of Urban XXXX : A Closer Look at Who Is and Is Not Getting Screened.

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner-city neighborhoods and neighborhoods']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low income neighborhoods']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: 1. We have investigated, using @entity35 aortic rings, whether exogenous @entity842 (NO) gas affects the activity or expression of the inducible, @entity141 -independent NO synthase. 2. Incubation of rings with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, S. typhosa) for 6 h resulted in a gradual loss of tissue tone, a time-dependent reduction in constrictor response to @entity2647 and significant expression and activity of @entity141 -independent NO synthase. 3. Following incubation of LPS-treated rings with NO gas, the expression of @entity3623 mRNA was still observed, although the enzyme activity was significantly reduced and there was no reduction in the response to @entity2647 . 4. Therefore, NO gas can inhibit the action but not the induction of an NO synthase likely to play a role in inflammatory states such as @entity649 ( @entity649 ). 5. These observations may explain the rebound phenomenon observed in some @entity649 @entity1 following inhalation therapy with NO gas.

title: Effect of XXXX gas on the generation of @entity842 by isolated blood vessels: implications for inhalation therapy.

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'adult respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: 1. We have investigated, using @entity35 aortic rings, whether exogenous @entity842 (NO) gas affects the activity or expression of the inducible, @entity141 -independent NO synthase. 2. Incubation of rings with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, S. typhosa) for 6 h resulted in a gradual loss of tissue tone, a time-dependent reduction in constrictor response to @entity2647 and significant expression and activity of @entity141 -independent NO synthase. 3. Following incubation of LPS-treated rings with NO gas, the expression of @entity3623 mRNA was still observed, although the enzyme activity was significantly reduced and there was no reduction in the response to @entity2647 . 4. Therefore, NO gas can inhibit the action but not the induction of an NO synthase likely to play a role in inflammatory states such as @entity649 ( @entity649 ). 5. These observations may explain the rebound phenomenon observed in some @entity649 @entity1 following inhalation therapy with NO gas.

title: Effect of @entity842 gas on the generation of XXXX by isolated blood vessels: implications for inhalation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The hemolytic plaque assay technique can be used to detect specific hormone release from single pituitary cells. Using antisera raised against @entity19 GH or @entity35 PRL, we have enumerated the active lactotropes and somatotropes from male and female @entity35 pituitary glands. These studies reveal sex-related differences in the number of cells exporting GH and PRL among anterior pituitary cells in culture. In the presence of @entity1 GH-releasing factor ( @entity7704 ), the mean percentage of GH cells was 53% in males and 30% in females (P less than 0.005). The mean percentage of PRL cells was 15% in males and 39% in females (P less than 0.008). These values were not significantly altered when @entity7704 was omitted. The sum of GH and PRL cells identified in separate plaque assays significantly exceeds the number obtained when GH and PRL cells were determined concurrently with a simultaneous plaque assay for both hormones. This difference is dependent on the presence of @entity7704 , since there was no difference when @entity7704 was omitted. These data identify the mammosomatotrope in numbers lower than previous reports. By this approach, the mammosomatotrope subpopulation numbers about 5% of all cells in culture. In summary, we demonstrate a sex-related difference in the number of cells exporting GH or PRL among pituitary cells in culture. This difference corresponds with and may underly sex-related differences in the responsiveness of GH and PRL secretion from the pituitary gland. Furthermore, a minor subpopulation of normal pituitary cells appears capable of simultaneous secretion of both GH and PRL.

title: Enumeration of lactotropes and somatotropes among male and female pituitary cells in culture: evidence in favor of a mammosomatotrope subpopulation in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Micro- @entity633 , glycosylated haemoglobin and @entity1011 clearance were measured in 28 insulin dependent and 8 insulin requiring @entity6 @entity1 (17 males aged 45 +/- 14.4 and 19 females aged 40 +/- 17 years). Twelve had @entity989 and six had @entity101 . There was no statistical difference of duration of @entity6 , @entity1011 clearance and glycosylated haemoglobin between @entity1 with normal microalbuminuria and @entity1 with hyper microalbuminuria. There was no correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin and micro- @entity633 , between @entity1011 clearance and micro- @entity633 , and between @entity1011 clearance and glycosylated haemoglobin. @entity1 with @entity989 did not have significantly higher levels of micro- @entity633 . @entity101 @entity1 had a significantly higher micro- @entity633 (p = 0.03, m = 45.10 +/- 56) compared with normotensive @entity1 (m = 15.49 +/- 17.54). Glycosylated haemoglobin did not differ whether @entity1 were normo or @entity101 . @entity101 @entity1 were significantly older (p = 0.01) than normotensive. The lack of difference in glycemic control between normo and @entity101 @entity6 suggests that @entity6 and @entity101 are two independent cumulative risk factors of micro- @entity633 . Hypermicro- @entity633 may be secondary to @entity455 in young @entity6 and secondary to @entity101 in old @entity6 .

title: [ XXXX type I @entity6 have a higher level of microalbuminuria than normotensives irrespective of blood glucose equilibrium].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: Micro- @entity633 , glycosylated haemoglobin and @entity1011 clearance were measured in 28 insulin dependent and 8 insulin requiring @entity6 @entity1 (17 males aged 45 +/- 14.4 and 19 females aged 40 +/- 17 years). Twelve had @entity989 and six had @entity101 . There was no statistical difference of duration of @entity6 , @entity1011 clearance and glycosylated haemoglobin between @entity1 with normal microalbuminuria and @entity1 with hyper microalbuminuria. There was no correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin and micro- @entity633 , between @entity1011 clearance and micro- @entity633 , and between @entity1011 clearance and glycosylated haemoglobin. @entity1 with @entity989 did not have significantly higher levels of micro- @entity633 . @entity101 @entity1 had a significantly higher micro- @entity633 (p = 0.03, m = 45.10 +/- 56) compared with normotensive @entity1 (m = 15.49 +/- 17.54). Glycosylated haemoglobin did not differ whether @entity1 were normo or @entity101 . @entity101 @entity1 were significantly older (p = 0.01) than normotensive. The lack of difference in glycemic control between normo and @entity101 @entity6 suggests that @entity6 and @entity101 are two independent cumulative risk factors of micro- @entity633 . Hypermicro- @entity633 may be secondary to @entity455 in young @entity6 and secondary to @entity101 in old @entity6 .

title: [ @entity101 type I XXXX have a higher level of microalbuminuria than normotensives irrespective of blood glucose equilibrium].

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: This study tested the effects of using a Gore-Tex periodontal material on new connective tissue attachment in @entity235 with natural @entity2521 . Seven female @entity235 with advanced @entity2521 were selected and given thorough root debridement. Under general anesthesia four weeks later, mucoperiosteal flaps were raised involving all mandibular premolars and first molars. Gore-Tex periodontal material was adapted to all premolars, and the flaps were sutured tightly, keeping the material covered. The first molars acted as controls, receiving only surgery. Some material was removed in one month, while other materials were removed eight to 10 weeks after surgery. All @entity235 were sacrificed at three months. After processing, descriptive histology and histometrics were carried out, evaluating new connective tissue attachment, bone response and @entity2543 . Results were statistically analyzed, using paired t tests. They showed new connective tissue attachment with cementum deposition in areas where the material was used. Also, the @entity2543 was reduced in these areas. In the controls, minimal connective tissue attachment was found, with the area healing by a long junctional epithelium. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (P less than 0.05) favoring experimental areas both in the increase of new connective tissue attachment and in the decrease of @entity2543 . No differences were found between areas where the material was removed in one month or left longer in place. No difference in bone response was found. Gore-Tex material was effective in blocking gingival @entity2543 and connective tissue proliferation, promoting new attachment according to the principle of "guided tissue regeneration."

title: New attachment achieved by guided tissue regeneration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial downgrowth']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['beagle dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells lose polarity and cell-to-cell contacts and acquire the migratory and invasive abilities of mesenchymal cells. These abilities are thought to be prerequisites for the establishment of @entity75 . A hallmark of EMT is the functional loss of @entity5962 ( @entity5962 ) expression in epithelial cells. @entity8945 , a transcription factor that represses @entity5962 transcription, is among the EMT inducers. @entity4245 , a @entity219 -finger transcription factor, and its close relative @entity19099 have similar properties to @entity8945 and are thus also EMT inducers. @entity517 , which is upregulated by @entity172 in the uterus by an @entity172 response cis-acting element (ERE) in its promoter, is associated with proliferation in @entity46 . The role of EMT and proliferation in the pathogenesis of @entity46 was evaluated by analyzing @entity8945 , @entity5962 and @entity517 expression. METHODS: @entity5962 , @entity8945 , @entity4245 and @entity19099 mRNA expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR from 47 controls and 74 @entity1 with @entity46 . Approximately 42 ectopic and 62 eutopic endometrial tissues, of which 30 were matched samples, were collected during the same surgical procedure. We evaluated @entity8945 and @entity517 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the epithelial and stromal tissue of 69 eutopic and 90 ectopic endometrium samples, of which 49 matched samples were analyzed from the same @entity1 . Concordant expression of @entity8945 / @entity4245 / @entity19099 and @entity5962 but also of @entity8945 and @entity517 was analyzed. RESULTS: We found that @entity8945 , @entity4245 and @entity19099 are overexpressed (p   <   0.001, p   =   0.016 and p   <   0.001) in @entity46 , while @entity5962 expression was concordantly reduced in these samples (p   <   0.001). Similar to @entity8945 , the epithelial expression of @entity517 was also significantly enhanced in ectopic endometrium compared to eutopic tissues (p   =   0.008). We found exclusive expression of either @entity8945 or @entity517 in the same samples (p   =   0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Epithelial @entity8945 is overexpressed in @entity46 and may contribute to the formation of @entity75 by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, as @entity5962 was reduced in ectopic lesions. We found exclusive expression of either @entity8945 or @entity517 in the same samples, indicating that EMT and proliferation contribute independently of each other to the formation of @entity75 .

title: Enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upregulated @entity517 in ectopic lesions contribute independently to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endometriotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells lose polarity and cell-to-cell contacts and acquire the migratory and invasive abilities of mesenchymal cells. These abilities are thought to be prerequisites for the establishment of @entity75 . A hallmark of EMT is the functional loss of @entity5962 ( @entity5962 ) expression in epithelial cells. @entity8945 , a transcription factor that represses @entity5962 transcription, is among the EMT inducers. @entity4245 , a @entity219 -finger transcription factor, and its close relative @entity19099 have similar properties to @entity8945 and are thus also EMT inducers. @entity517 , which is upregulated by @entity172 in the uterus by an @entity172 response cis-acting element (ERE) in its promoter, is associated with proliferation in @entity46 . The role of EMT and proliferation in the pathogenesis of @entity46 was evaluated by analyzing @entity8945 , @entity5962 and @entity517 expression. METHODS: @entity5962 , @entity8945 , @entity4245 and @entity19099 mRNA expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR from 47 controls and 74 @entity1 with @entity46 . Approximately 42 ectopic and 62 eutopic endometrial tissues, of which 30 were matched samples, were collected during the same surgical procedure. We evaluated @entity8945 and @entity517 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the epithelial and stromal tissue of 69 eutopic and 90 ectopic endometrium samples, of which 49 matched samples were analyzed from the same @entity1 . Concordant expression of @entity8945 / @entity4245 / @entity19099 and @entity5962 but also of @entity8945 and @entity517 was analyzed. RESULTS: We found that @entity8945 , @entity4245 and @entity19099 are overexpressed (p   <   0.001, p   =   0.016 and p   <   0.001) in @entity46 , while @entity5962 expression was concordantly reduced in these samples (p   <   0.001). Similar to @entity8945 , the epithelial expression of @entity517 was also significantly enhanced in ectopic endometrium compared to eutopic tissues (p   =   0.008). We found exclusive expression of either @entity8945 or @entity517 in the same samples (p   =   0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Epithelial @entity8945 is overexpressed in @entity46 and may contribute to the formation of @entity75 by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, as @entity5962 was reduced in ectopic lesions. We found exclusive expression of either @entity8945 or @entity517 in the same samples, indicating that EMT and proliferation contribute independently of each other to the formation of @entity75 .

title: Enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upregulated XXXX in ectopic lesions contribute independently to @entity46 .

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['MYC']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Because of the continued development and production of a variety of nanomaterials and nanoparticles, their uptake and effects on the biota of marine ecosystems must be investigated. Filter feeding bivalve molluscs are highly adapted for capturing particles from the external environment and readily internalize nano- and micro-sized particles through endocytosis, so they are commonly used as valuable indicator species for nanoparticle studies. In these studies, adult @entity23682 , @entity23682 , were exposed to a range of @entity6701 nanoparticle ( @entity3759 -NP) concentrations (5, 50, 500, and 5000   g/L) in conjunction with natural sunlight. Isolated hepatopancreas tissues were also exposed to the same @entity3759 -NP concentrations using particles exposed to similar light and dark conditions. Dose-dependent decreases in lysosomal stability were observed in the adult oyster studies as well as in the isolated tissues, at exposures as low as 50   g/L. @entity702 accumulation in isolated hepatopancreas tissue studies was directly correlated to lysosomal destabilization. Based on measurements of lipid peroxidation as an indicator of oxidative stress, @entity3759 -NPs @entity137 was not related to increased ROS production over the short-term course of these exposures. Analysis of particle size using dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated that concentration had a significant impact on agglomeration rates, and the small agglomerates as well as individual particles are readily processed by oysters. Overall, this study illustrates that low concentrations of @entity3759 -NPs may cause sublethal @entity137 on oysters, which might be enhanced under natural sunlight conditions. In estuarine environments, where these nanomaterials are likely to accumulate, agglomeration rates, interaction with organics, and responses to sunlight are critical in determining the extent of their bioreactivity and biological impacts.

title: Cellular responses of @entity23682 , @entity23682 , to XXXX nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity23682 :: ('6565', 'Species') :: ['eastern oysters', 'Crassostrea virginica']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['Titanium']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['titanium dioxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Because of the continued development and production of a variety of nanomaterials and nanoparticles, their uptake and effects on the biota of marine ecosystems must be investigated. Filter feeding bivalve molluscs are highly adapted for capturing particles from the external environment and readily internalize nano- and micro-sized particles through endocytosis, so they are commonly used as valuable indicator species for nanoparticle studies. In these studies, adult @entity23682 , @entity23682 , were exposed to a range of @entity6701 nanoparticle ( @entity3759 -NP) concentrations (5, 50, 500, and 5000   g/L) in conjunction with natural sunlight. Isolated hepatopancreas tissues were also exposed to the same @entity3759 -NP concentrations using particles exposed to similar light and dark conditions. Dose-dependent decreases in lysosomal stability were observed in the adult oyster studies as well as in the isolated tissues, at exposures as low as 50   g/L. @entity702 accumulation in isolated hepatopancreas tissue studies was directly correlated to lysosomal destabilization. Based on measurements of lipid peroxidation as an indicator of oxidative stress, @entity3759 -NPs @entity137 was not related to increased ROS production over the short-term course of these exposures. Analysis of particle size using dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated that concentration had a significant impact on agglomeration rates, and the small agglomerates as well as individual particles are readily processed by oysters. Overall, this study illustrates that low concentrations of @entity3759 -NPs may cause sublethal @entity137 on oysters, which might be enhanced under natural sunlight conditions. In estuarine environments, where these nanomaterials are likely to accumulate, agglomeration rates, interaction with organics, and responses to sunlight are critical in determining the extent of their bioreactivity and biological impacts.

title: Cellular responses of XXXX , @entity23682 , to @entity6701 nanoparticles.

answer: @entity23682 :: (6565,Species) :: ['eastern oysters']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Because of the continued development and production of a variety of nanomaterials and nanoparticles, their uptake and effects on the biota of marine ecosystems must be investigated. Filter feeding bivalve molluscs are highly adapted for capturing particles from the external environment and readily internalize nano- and micro-sized particles through endocytosis, so they are commonly used as valuable indicator species for nanoparticle studies. In these studies, adult @entity23682 , @entity23682 , were exposed to a range of @entity6701 nanoparticle ( @entity3759 -NP) concentrations (5, 50, 500, and 5000   g/L) in conjunction with natural sunlight. Isolated hepatopancreas tissues were also exposed to the same @entity3759 -NP concentrations using particles exposed to similar light and dark conditions. Dose-dependent decreases in lysosomal stability were observed in the adult oyster studies as well as in the isolated tissues, at exposures as low as 50   g/L. @entity702 accumulation in isolated hepatopancreas tissue studies was directly correlated to lysosomal destabilization. Based on measurements of lipid peroxidation as an indicator of oxidative stress, @entity3759 -NPs @entity137 was not related to increased ROS production over the short-term course of these exposures. Analysis of particle size using dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated that concentration had a significant impact on agglomeration rates, and the small agglomerates as well as individual particles are readily processed by oysters. Overall, this study illustrates that low concentrations of @entity3759 -NPs may cause sublethal @entity137 on oysters, which might be enhanced under natural sunlight conditions. In estuarine environments, where these nanomaterials are likely to accumulate, agglomeration rates, interaction with organics, and responses to sunlight are critical in determining the extent of their bioreactivity and biological impacts.

title: Cellular responses of @entity23682 , XXXX , to @entity6701 nanoparticles.

answer: @entity23682 :: (6565,Species) :: ['Crassostrea virginica']


abstract: PURPOSE: The in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy rate of @entity1 with advanced stage @entity46 is nearly half that of the general population, suggesting incomplete targeting of the pathophysiology underlying @entity46 -associated @entity249 . Compelling evidence highlights inflammation as the etiologic link between @entity46 and @entity249 and a potential target for adjunctive treatment. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of @entity619 on @entity19 embryos exposed to @entity1 endometriotic peritoneal fluid (PF) using the established @entity19 embryo assay model. METHODS: PF was obtained from @entity1 with and without severe @entity46 . @entity19 embryos were harvested and randomly allocated to five groups of culture media conditions: (1) @entity1 tubal fluid (HTF), (2) HTF and 10  % PF from @entity1 without @entity46 , (3) HTF and 10  % PF from @entity1 with @entity46 (PF-E), (4) HTF with PF-E and 0.01  mcg/mL @entity619 , and (5) HTF with PF-E and 0.1  mcg/mL @entity619 . Embryos were cultured in standard conditions and evaluated for blastocyst development. RESULTS: A total of 266 @entity19 embryos were cultured. Baseline blastulation rates were 63.6  %. The addition of peritoneal fluid from @entity1 with @entity46 decreased the blastocyst development rate to 38.9  % (P   =   0.008). The addition of 0.1  mcg/mL of @entity619 to the culture media restored the blastulation rate to near baseline levels (61.2  %; P   =   0.019). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our in vitro study demonstrate the capacity of @entity619 to mitigate the deleterious impact of endometriotic PF on embryo development. If confirmed in vivo, @entity619 may prove a useful adjunct for the treatment of @entity46 -associated @entity249 .

title: XXXX attenuates the embryotoxic effect of endometriotic peritoneal fluid in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'murine', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: PURPOSE: The in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy rate of @entity1 with advanced stage @entity46 is nearly half that of the general population, suggesting incomplete targeting of the pathophysiology underlying @entity46 -associated @entity249 . Compelling evidence highlights inflammation as the etiologic link between @entity46 and @entity249 and a potential target for adjunctive treatment. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of @entity619 on @entity19 embryos exposed to @entity1 endometriotic peritoneal fluid (PF) using the established @entity19 embryo assay model. METHODS: PF was obtained from @entity1 with and without severe @entity46 . @entity19 embryos were harvested and randomly allocated to five groups of culture media conditions: (1) @entity1 tubal fluid (HTF), (2) HTF and 10  % PF from @entity1 without @entity46 , (3) HTF and 10  % PF from @entity1 with @entity46 (PF-E), (4) HTF with PF-E and 0.01  mcg/mL @entity619 , and (5) HTF with PF-E and 0.1  mcg/mL @entity619 . Embryos were cultured in standard conditions and evaluated for blastocyst development. RESULTS: A total of 266 @entity19 embryos were cultured. Baseline blastulation rates were 63.6  %. The addition of peritoneal fluid from @entity1 with @entity46 decreased the blastocyst development rate to 38.9  % (P   =   0.008). The addition of 0.1  mcg/mL of @entity619 to the culture media restored the blastulation rate to near baseline levels (61.2  %; P   =   0.019). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our in vitro study demonstrate the capacity of @entity619 to mitigate the deleterious impact of endometriotic PF on embryo development. If confirmed in vivo, @entity619 may prove a useful adjunct for the treatment of @entity46 -associated @entity249 .

title: @entity619 attenuates the embryotoxic effect of endometriotic peritoneal fluid in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is proposed that family members are important sources of support in helping those with chronic @entity4512 to remain at work, but the phenomenon remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the extent and nature of support provided by family members in this respect. METHODS: Qualitative data were collected from workers and their 'significant others' (spouses/partners/close family members) in two un-related studies focused on working with @entity158 ; one conducted in the United Kingdom (n = 10 dyads) and one in the Netherlands (n = 21 dyads). Thematic analysis techniques were applied to both sets of data independently, and findings were then assimilated to establish common themes. RESULTS: Findings were broadly similar in both studies. Workers acknowledged significant other support in helping them to manage their @entity158 and remain at work, and their descriptions of the type of support provided and required were echoed by their significant others. Three common themes were identified - 'connectivity', 'activity' and 'positivity'. Worker and significant other responses were largely congruent, but significant others provided more in-depth information on the nature of their support, their concerns and the impact on their relationship. CONCLUSIONS: This research presents novel insights about the specific contribution made by significant others in helping their relatives with chronic @entity4512 to stay at work. These findings add to the under-represented 'social' dimension of the biopsychosocial model currently applied to our understanding and treatment of @entity158 , and point to harnessing support from significant others as a potentially effective management strategy.

title: 'I think positivity breeds positivity': a qualitative exploration of the role of family members in supporting those with chronic XXXX to stay at work.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: Secretion and synthesis of @entity916 are stimulated by the lack of @entity2178 and by a low @entity1372 intake. They are inhibited by a high @entity1372 intake, by denervation and by @entity1169 . A high @entity1372 intake can overcome the effect of the lack of @entity2178 . A low @entity1372 balance and the lack of @entity2178 did not have additive effects. The @entity1372 effects did not appear to depend on the presence of the macula densa, the presence of @entity2178 , or the presence of the nerve supply. It was not evaluated whether baroreceptors may be important in allowing @entity1372 effects to be processed, but in the experiments conducted there were no significant changes in blood pressure associated with alterations in @entity1372 balance. @entity1372 balance has an important effect on synthesis and secretion. This effect does not appear to be mediated by the usual set of controls and raises questions as to the signal relating @entity1372 balance to @entity916 synthesis. Secretion does appear to depend on macula densa. The role of the macula densa appears to control the basal level of @entity916 secretion and to permit the conversion and processing of prorenin to @entity916 .

title: [The regulation of XXXX synthesis].

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: The spatial and temporal expression of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in the coleoptile of @entity2829 seedlings was investigated with monoclonal antibodies (MAC207, JIM13, JIM14) raised against particular @entity73243 epitopes in @entity10786 . MAC207 binds to a buffer-soluble @entity73243 fraction of 90-210 kDa that also reacts with beta-glucosyl Yariv reagent and the lectin RCA120. Immunogold-labelling showed that the MAC207 epitope is exclusively localized in the plasma membrane. JIM13 binds to a 120 kDa component of the buffer-soluble @entity73243 fraction localized in the plasma membrane of future sclerenchyma cells and secondary-wall thickenings of future tracheids of vascular bundles. JIM14 binds to a 50 kDa component of the salt-extractable fraction from cell walls localized in the innermost wall layer of sclerenchyma cells. These @entity73243 epitopes demonstrate different temporal expression patterns which do not correlate with extension growth. Auxin had no effect on the amount of soluble @entity73243 from coleoptile sections, containing the growth-controlling epidermis but no vascular bundles, as measured by crossed electrophoresis. Moreover, incorporation of radioactive @entity4583 , @entity3649 or @entity1521 into this fraction was not stimulated by auxin. These results contradict the hypothesis that AGPs function as wall-loosening agents in auxin-mediated extension growth. The results are compatible with the notion that AGPs serve as developmental markers defining particular features of future cell differentiation. The specific association of the epitopes recognized by JIM13 and JIM14 with disintegrating cells suggests that the related AGPs identify those cells of the coleoptile which are committed to programmed cell death.

title: Arabinogalactan proteins in XXXX coleoptiles: developmental relationship to cell death during xylem differentiation but not to extension growth.

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinose']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity510 ( @entity510 ) is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. @entity580 , such as @entity55 or @entity293 , are among the main causes of worsening outcomes and @entity204 . The aim of this study was to discover a biomarker to predict @entity281 in @entity510 @entity1 . For this purpose, the plasma of infected and noninfected @entity1 was compared using quantitative mass spectrometry. The most interesting differentially expressed proteins were selected for validation by immunoassays on plasma samples taken from @entity1 (n = 81) over 10 days of hospitalization. Predictive performances were established using Mann-Whitney U tests and receiver operating characteristic curves. Quantitative proteomics identified 17 significantly regulated proteins. Of these, levels of @entity5475 ( @entity5475 ) were significantly higher in infected @entity1 (p < 0.007). ELISA confirmed that the concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.002) already at hospital admission in @entity1 who subsequently developed an @entity281 during their hospitalization, (AUC of 76%) for a cutoff value of 90.9  g/mL. Our data suggested that measuring @entity5475 could be an efficient means of detecting @entity1 susceptible of developing an @entity281 during hospitalization after an @entity510 . Its predictive capacity could lead to earlier antibiotherapy, improved @entity1 management, and potentially better long-term outcomes.

title: Measuring XXXX for Infection Prediction in @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aSAH', 'Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity5475 :: (6287,Gene) :: ['Serum Amyloid A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity510 ( @entity510 ) is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. @entity580 , such as @entity55 or @entity293 , are among the main causes of worsening outcomes and @entity204 . The aim of this study was to discover a biomarker to predict @entity281 in @entity510 @entity1 . For this purpose, the plasma of infected and noninfected @entity1 was compared using quantitative mass spectrometry. The most interesting differentially expressed proteins were selected for validation by immunoassays on plasma samples taken from @entity1 (n = 81) over 10 days of hospitalization. Predictive performances were established using Mann-Whitney U tests and receiver operating characteristic curves. Quantitative proteomics identified 17 significantly regulated proteins. Of these, levels of @entity5475 ( @entity5475 ) were significantly higher in infected @entity1 (p < 0.007). ELISA confirmed that the concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.002) already at hospital admission in @entity1 who subsequently developed an @entity281 during their hospitalization, (AUC of 76%) for a cutoff value of 90.9  g/mL. Our data suggested that measuring @entity5475 could be an efficient means of detecting @entity1 susceptible of developing an @entity281 during hospitalization after an @entity510 . Its predictive capacity could lead to earlier antibiotherapy, improved @entity1 management, and potentially better long-term outcomes.

title: Measuring @entity5475 for Infection Prediction in XXXX .

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']


abstract: Forty @entity1 with @entity201 (23 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ) underwent nonsurgical palliative biliary drainage over a period of 12 years. All were surgically unfit or had unresectable disease. All were @entity1087 at presentation with a mean serum @entity648 of 11.5 +/- 1.9 mg/dl. Thirty @entity1 (75%) had @entity3885 . Twenty-eight were drained percutaneously, three endoscopically and nine by a combined endoscopic and percutaneous procedure. Technical success was 97.5%. Final mean @entity648 was 1.5 +/- 0.4 mg/dl. Minor complications occurred in 10 (25%) @entity1 , and major complications in four (10%). Procedure-related mortality was 2.5% with a 30-day mortality of 7.5%. Mean survival was 8.2 +/- 0.5 months. Stent changes were required in eight @entity1 . In @entity1 with inoperable or unresectable @entity201 , percutaneous or endoscopic biliary drainage offers effective palliation.

title: Nonsurgical management of primary XXXX . Retrospective analysis of 40 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['hilar obstruction']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Glucocorticoids (GCs), the adrenal steroids secreted during stress, have numerous catabolic effects which include damage to neurons of the hippocampus, a principal neural target site for the @entity230 . In the @entity35 , the extent of GC exposure over the lifespan is a major determinant of the rate of hippocampal neuron death during aging. GCs also modulate the severity of @entity131 in the @entity35 following insults such as @entity410 or @entity519 - @entity63 . As evidence, exogenous GCs exacerbate, while adrenalectomy attenuates @entity131 after these insults. Thus, it is possible that diminution of endogenous GC secretion might protect the @entity1 hippocampus after similar neurological insults; adrenalectomy under such circumstances is obviously not a viable clinical option. We demonstrate the protective effects of transient chemical adrenalectomy with the GC synthesis inhibitor, @entity4235 . @entity35 were microinfused with the excitotoxin @entity4176 in order to induce @entity410 ; this insult caused a significant GC stress-response. Attenuation of that response with @entity4235 reduced the @entity1251 @entity131 produced by @entity4176 . @entity4235 did not change the intensity of @entity410 , but rather, apparently, changed the capacity of neurons to withstand the @entity410 . Thus, @entity4235 , which is used safely and efficaciously in other clinical contexts, might prove protective of the brain following @entity410 in the @entity1 .

title: Chemical adrenalectomy reduces XXXX induced by @entity4176 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal damage']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'status epilepticus seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone', 'Metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['hippocampal damage']


abstract: Glucocorticoids (GCs), the adrenal steroids secreted during stress, have numerous catabolic effects which include damage to neurons of the hippocampus, a principal neural target site for the @entity230 . In the @entity35 , the extent of GC exposure over the lifespan is a major determinant of the rate of hippocampal neuron death during aging. GCs also modulate the severity of @entity131 in the @entity35 following insults such as @entity410 or @entity519 - @entity63 . As evidence, exogenous GCs exacerbate, while adrenalectomy attenuates @entity131 after these insults. Thus, it is possible that diminution of endogenous GC secretion might protect the @entity1 hippocampus after similar neurological insults; adrenalectomy under such circumstances is obviously not a viable clinical option. We demonstrate the protective effects of transient chemical adrenalectomy with the GC synthesis inhibitor, @entity4235 . @entity35 were microinfused with the excitotoxin @entity4176 in order to induce @entity410 ; this insult caused a significant GC stress-response. Attenuation of that response with @entity4235 reduced the @entity1251 @entity131 produced by @entity4176 . @entity4235 did not change the intensity of @entity410 , but rather, apparently, changed the capacity of neurons to withstand the @entity410 . Thus, @entity4235 , which is used safely and efficaciously in other clinical contexts, might prove protective of the brain following @entity410 in the @entity1 .

title: Chemical adrenalectomy reduces @entity131 induced by XXXX .

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase 33 (STK33) has been shown to be conserved across all major vertebrate classes including reptiles, mammals, amphibians and fish, suggesting its importance within vertebrates. It has been shown to phosphorylate vimentin and might play a role in spermatogenesis and organ ontogenesis. In this study we analyzed the genomic locus and expression of stk33 in the class Aves, using a combination of large scale next generation sequencing data analysis and traditional PCR. RESULTS: Within the subclass Palaeognathae we analyzed the white-throated tinamou (Tinamus guttatus), the @entity6497 ( @entity6497 ) and the @entity6498 ( @entity6498 ). For the @entity6497 we were able to generate a 62,778 bp long genomic contig and an mRNA sequence that encodes a protein showing highly significant similarity to STK33 proteins from other vertebrates. The @entity6498 has been shown to encode and transcribe a functional STK33 as well. For the white-throated tinamou we were able to identify 13 exons by sequence comparison encoding a protein similar to STK33 as well. In contrast, in all 28 neognath birds analyzed, we could not find evidence for the existence of a functional copy of stk33 or its expression. In the genomes of these 28 bird species, we found only remnants of the stk33 locus carrying several large genomic deletions, leading to the loss of multiple exons. The remaining exons have acquired various indels and premature stop codons. CONCLUSIONS: We were able to elucidate and describe the genomic structure and the transcription of a functional stk33 gene within the subclass Palaeognathae, but we could only find degenerate remnants of stk33 in all neognath birds analyzed. This led us to the conclusion that stk33 became a unitary pseudogene in the evolutionary history of the class Aves at the paleognath-neognath branch point during the late cretaceous period about 100 million years ago. We hypothesize that the pseudogenization of stk33 might have become fixed in neognaths due to either genetic redundancy or a non-orthologous gene displacement and present potential candidate genes for such an incident.

title: The @entity563 / XXXX kinase 33 is present and expressed in palaeognath birds but has become a unitary pseudogene in neognaths about 100 million years ago.

entities_list: @entity6498 :: ('8790', 'Species') :: ['emu', 'Dromaius novaehollandiae']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity6497 :: ('8801', 'Species') :: ['African ostrich', 'Struthio camelus']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine']

answer: @entity1889 :: (CHEBI:26986,Chemical) :: ['threonine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase 33 (STK33) has been shown to be conserved across all major vertebrate classes including reptiles, mammals, amphibians and fish, suggesting its importance within vertebrates. It has been shown to phosphorylate vimentin and might play a role in spermatogenesis and organ ontogenesis. In this study we analyzed the genomic locus and expression of stk33 in the class Aves, using a combination of large scale next generation sequencing data analysis and traditional PCR. RESULTS: Within the subclass Palaeognathae we analyzed the white-throated tinamou (Tinamus guttatus), the @entity6497 ( @entity6497 ) and the @entity6498 ( @entity6498 ). For the @entity6497 we were able to generate a 62,778 bp long genomic contig and an mRNA sequence that encodes a protein showing highly significant similarity to STK33 proteins from other vertebrates. The @entity6498 has been shown to encode and transcribe a functional STK33 as well. For the white-throated tinamou we were able to identify 13 exons by sequence comparison encoding a protein similar to STK33 as well. In contrast, in all 28 neognath birds analyzed, we could not find evidence for the existence of a functional copy of stk33 or its expression. In the genomes of these 28 bird species, we found only remnants of the stk33 locus carrying several large genomic deletions, leading to the loss of multiple exons. The remaining exons have acquired various indels and premature stop codons. CONCLUSIONS: We were able to elucidate and describe the genomic structure and the transcription of a functional stk33 gene within the subclass Palaeognathae, but we could only find degenerate remnants of stk33 in all neognath birds analyzed. This led us to the conclusion that stk33 became a unitary pseudogene in the evolutionary history of the class Aves at the paleognath-neognath branch point during the late cretaceous period about 100 million years ago. We hypothesize that the pseudogenization of stk33 might have become fixed in neognaths due to either genetic redundancy or a non-orthologous gene displacement and present potential candidate genes for such an incident.

title: The XXXX / @entity1889 kinase 33 is present and expressed in palaeognath birds but has become a unitary pseudogene in neognaths about 100 million years ago.

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: Open pelvic disruptions represent high-energy injuries. The prompt identification and management of these injuries decreases their associated morbidity and mortality. Computed tomography (CT) scans are routinely obtained in the initial evaluation of @entity1 with @entity130 . The purpose of this study is to identify the incidence and source of air densities noted on computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdominal and pelvic region in @entity1 with @entity174 and evaluate the use of initial CT imaging as an adjunctive diagnostic tool to identify open injuries. A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was performed at a single institution. Seven hundred and twenty-two consecutive @entity1 with a pelvic disruption over a two-year period were included. Review of @entity130 scans was performed using bone and lung viewing algorithms to identify the presence of extra-luminal air. The primary outcome was the presence, location and source of air identified on pre-operative CT scans. Secondary measurements were identification of air by plain radiograph and correlation between identified air densities on CT and clinically diagnosed @entity4422 . Ninety-eight @entity1 were identified as having extra-luminal air densities on CT scans. Eighty-one @entity1 were included in the final analysis following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Air was noted by the radiologist in forty-five (55.6%) instances. Six @entity1 (7.4%) were clinically diagnosed with an open pelvic ring disruption; in two @entity1 (2.4%) this diagnosis was delayed. In all @entity1 , the CT was able to track air from its origin. In @entity1 with pelvic disruptions, the @entity130 should also be evaluated for the presence and source of extra-luminal air. In some @entity1 , this finding may represent an open pelvic ring disruption. A complete physical exam and CT evaluation should be used to decrease the missed or delayed diagnosis of an open @entity130 .

title: Use of the initial @entity130 CT scan to aid in diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury CT', 'pelvic ring injury', 'pelvic injuries', 'initial injury CT']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open pelvic fractures']

answer: @entity4422 :: (MESH:D005597,Disease) :: ['open pelvic fractures']