abstract: An 8.5-mo-old female @entity2608 was examined for an apparent lump on the right arm, below the elbow. The macaque showed no signs of @entity158 or discomfort. Examination revealed that the lump was actually a bend in the forearm. Radiography demonstrated that some of the long bones of the animal were bowed. Differential diagnoses included @entity11089 , @entity2742 , pseudohyperparathyroidism, and a growth @entity1141 . No other similar abnormalities in animals from that cage or any other enclosure in our large colony were observed. Blood chemistries and a complete hemogram were within normal limits for a macaque of this age. Serum was submitted for a @entity560 profile that included assays for @entity72065 , @entity14257 , and ionized @entity460 . Serum samples from sex- and age-matched normal controls were sent for comparison and to establish a baseline profile. The affected animal had @entity560 levels comparable to unaffected controls. Bone biopsies appeared normal for a macaque of this age. @entity2862 levels in the drinking water supply were within acceptable limits. Consistent with the information available, a diagnosis of idiopathic camptomelia, or bowing of the long bones, was made. In @entity1 , developmental camptomelia is associated with several @entity18299 in @entity1 and @entity1 . These conditions are thought to be caused by genetic mutations in enzymes or transcription factors that control development of the epiphyses and are almost always associated with other lethal and nonlethal @entity851 .

title: Camptomelia in a XXXX ( @entity2608 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity18299 :: ('MESH:D001848', 'Disease') :: ['bone dysplasias']

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorine']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaque']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus macaque']


abstract: An 8.5-mo-old female @entity2608 was examined for an apparent lump on the right arm, below the elbow. The macaque showed no signs of @entity158 or discomfort. Examination revealed that the lump was actually a bend in the forearm. Radiography demonstrated that some of the long bones of the animal were bowed. Differential diagnoses included @entity11089 , @entity2742 , pseudohyperparathyroidism, and a growth @entity1141 . No other similar abnormalities in animals from that cage or any other enclosure in our large colony were observed. Blood chemistries and a complete hemogram were within normal limits for a macaque of this age. Serum was submitted for a @entity560 profile that included assays for @entity72065 , @entity14257 , and ionized @entity460 . Serum samples from sex- and age-matched normal controls were sent for comparison and to establish a baseline profile. The affected animal had @entity560 levels comparable to unaffected controls. Bone biopsies appeared normal for a macaque of this age. @entity2862 levels in the drinking water supply were within acceptable limits. Consistent with the information available, a diagnosis of idiopathic camptomelia, or bowing of the long bones, was made. In @entity1 , developmental camptomelia is associated with several @entity18299 in @entity1 and @entity1 . These conditions are thought to be caused by genetic mutations in enzymes or transcription factors that control development of the epiphyses and are almost always associated with other lethal and nonlethal @entity851 .

title: Camptomelia in a @entity2608 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Macaca mulatta']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of monitoring therapeutic effect of adenovirus vector containing IL12-IRES- @entity72066 gene on a @entity95 VX2 @entity96 model by using phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P @entity7748 ). METHODS: A total of 18 healthy New Zealand White @entity95 were used to generate animal models by implanting VX2 @entity5 chips into livers through laparotomy. Tumor-bearing animals were randomly divided into three groups and were injected with AdCMVIL12-IRES- @entity72066 , AdCMV-Empty and saline respectively via ear veins. 31P @entity7748 scan was performed after animals were fed with @entity908 solution for five days. Animals were euthanized thereafter and @entity5 were removed for pathological examination, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and protein analysis (Western blot). RESULTS: The intrahepatic and seral expressions of @entity908 kinase ( @entity72066 ) and IL-12 were detected only in AdCMVIL12-IRES- @entity72066 group. Tumor diameters pre- and post- treatment in three groups were 1.63+/-0.04 vs 1.62+/-0.03 in AdCMVIL12-IRES- @entity72066 group (P = 0.229), 1.59+/-0.05 vs 1.84+/-0.11 in AdCMV-Empty group (P = 0.003) and 1.60+/-0.02 vs 2.07+/-0.12 in saline group (P = 0.001), respectively. Pcr Changes between pre- and post- treatment among the three groups were compared (F = 6.235, P value is less than 0.05). PCr increased significantly in AdCMVIL12-IRES- @entity72066 group as compared to AdCMV-Empty (P = 0.004) and saline group (P = 0.049), whereas no change found between AdCMV-Empty and saline group (P = 0.153). CONCLUSION: 31P @entity7748 , an effective and non-invasive functional imaging method, can be used to monitor the therapeutic effect of adenovirus vector containing IL12-IRES- @entity72066 gene on @entity95 VX2 @entity96 model through detecting metabolic product of imaging reporter gene @entity72066 (pCr).

title: [Experimental study on monitoring gene expression by noninvasive method in XXXX VX2 @entity96 model].

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of monitoring therapeutic effect of adenovirus vector containing IL12-IRES- @entity72066 gene on a @entity95 VX2 @entity96 model by using phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P @entity7748 ). METHODS: A total of 18 healthy New Zealand White @entity95 were used to generate animal models by implanting VX2 @entity5 chips into livers through laparotomy. Tumor-bearing animals were randomly divided into three groups and were injected with AdCMVIL12-IRES- @entity72066 , AdCMV-Empty and saline respectively via ear veins. 31P @entity7748 scan was performed after animals were fed with @entity908 solution for five days. Animals were euthanized thereafter and @entity5 were removed for pathological examination, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and protein analysis (Western blot). RESULTS: The intrahepatic and seral expressions of @entity908 kinase ( @entity72066 ) and IL-12 were detected only in AdCMVIL12-IRES- @entity72066 group. Tumor diameters pre- and post- treatment in three groups were 1.63+/-0.04 vs 1.62+/-0.03 in AdCMVIL12-IRES- @entity72066 group (P = 0.229), 1.59+/-0.05 vs 1.84+/-0.11 in AdCMV-Empty group (P = 0.003) and 1.60+/-0.02 vs 2.07+/-0.12 in saline group (P = 0.001), respectively. Pcr Changes between pre- and post- treatment among the three groups were compared (F = 6.235, P value is less than 0.05). PCr increased significantly in AdCMVIL12-IRES- @entity72066 group as compared to AdCMV-Empty (P = 0.004) and saline group (P = 0.049), whereas no change found between AdCMV-Empty and saline group (P = 0.153). CONCLUSION: 31P @entity7748 , an effective and non-invasive functional imaging method, can be used to monitor the therapeutic effect of adenovirus vector containing IL12-IRES- @entity72066 gene on @entity95 VX2 @entity96 model through detecting metabolic product of imaging reporter gene @entity72066 (pCr).

title: [Experimental study on monitoring gene expression by noninvasive method in @entity95 VX2 XXXX model].

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumor']


abstract: Purpose. This study examined the association between the severity of @entity227 and the prevalence of motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) in subjects with @entity725 ( @entity725 ). Methods. This is a cross-sectional study. Japanese @entity1 who have had driver's licence between 40 and 85 years of age were screened for eligibility. @entity1 answered a questionnaire about MVCs experienced during the previous 5 years. Subjects with @entity725 were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe @entity227 . We evaluated associations between the severity of @entity725 and the prevalence of MVCs by logistic regression models. Results. The prevalence of MVCs was significantly associated with the severity of @entity725 categorized by worse eye @entity601 (control: 30/187 = 16.0%; mild @entity725 : 17/92 = 18.5%; moderate @entity725 : 14/60 = 23.3%; severe @entity725 : 14/47 = 29.8%; P = 0.025, Cochran-Armitage trend test). Compared to the control group, the adjusted OR for MVC prevalence in subjects with mild, moderate, or severe @entity725 in the worse eye was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.55 to 2.10), 1.44 (95% CI: 0.68 to 3.08), and 2.28 (95% CI: 1.07 to 4.88). Conclusions. There is a significant association between the severity of @entity726 and the prevalence of MVCs.

title: Glaucomatous XXXX severity and the prevalence of motor vehicle collisions in Japanese: a hospital/clinic-based cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma in the worse eye MD']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field defect']


abstract: Background. We examined (1) @entity1 characteristics and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) exposure in late-onset (LOMS, >= 50 years at symptom onset) versus adult-onset (AOMS, 18-<50 years) @entity15 and (2) the association between interferon-beta ( @entity2391 ) and disability progression in older relapsing-onset @entity15 adults (>= 50 years). Methods. This retrospective study (1980-2004, British Columbia, Canada) included 358 LOMS and 5627 AOMS @entity1 . @entity2391 -treated relapsing-onset @entity15 @entity1 aged >= 50 (regardless of onset age, 90) were compared with 171 contemporary and 106 historical controls. Times to EDSS 6 from onset and from @entity2391 eligibility were examined using survival analyses. Results. LOMS @entity1 (6%) were more likely to be male, with motor onset and a primary-progressive course, and exhibit faster progression and were less likely to take @entity17229 . Nonetheless, 57% were relapsing-onset, of which 31% were prescribed @entity17229 , most commonly @entity2391 . Among older relapsing-onset @entity15 adults, no significant association between @entity2391 exposure and disability progression was found when either the contemporary (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.18-1.22) or historical controls (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.20-1.42) were considered. Conclusion. LOMS differed clinically from AOMS. One-third of older relapsing-onset @entity15 @entity1 were prescribed a @entity66 . @entity2391 exposure was not significantly associated with @entity717 in older @entity15 @entity1 .

title: XXXX in older adults: the clinical profile and impact of interferon Beta treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease-modifying drug', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['reduced disability']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple sclerosis']


abstract: AIM: To reduce the risk of complications related to @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) using knives, we developed a new grasping-type scissors forceps (GSF) that can grasp and incise the target tissue using electrosurgical current. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity5848 using GSF for the @entity356 and @entity652 . METHODS: @entity5848 using GSF was carried out on 35 consecutive @entity1 with early @entity356 or @entity652 who had preoperative EUS diagnoses of @entity5 without lymph node involvement. Therapeutic efficacy and safety were assessed. RESULTS: All lesions were treated easily and safely without unexpected incision. The mean size of @entity5 and resected specimens was 15.6mm and 32.7mm, respectively. Curative en-bloc resection rates according to @entity5 size and location were 96% (26/27) in @entity5  <=20mm, 100% (8/8) in @entity5 >20mm, 100% (18/18) of @entity5 in the lower portion, 100% (8/8) of @entity5 in the middle portion, 89% (8/9) of @entity5 in the upper portion, and 97% (34/35) overall. The mean operating time according to @entity5 size and location was 93.4min in @entity5  <=20mm, 140min in @entity5 >20mm, 77.6min for @entity5 in the lower portion, 113.4min for @entity5 in the middle portion, 148.6min for @entity5 in the upper portion, and 104.1min overall. No @entity3816 occurred, and @entity86 was seen in 3% (1/35). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5848 using GSF allows simple and safe en-bloc resection of early @entity356 or @entity652 irrespective of @entity5 size and location.

title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection using a grasping-type scissors forceps for early @entity356 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumors', 'mucosal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5848 :: ('MESH:D000784', 'Disease') :: ['ESD', 'endoscopic submucosal dissection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['removal of early gastric cancers', 'gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complication']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: AIM: To reduce the risk of complications related to @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) using knives, we developed a new grasping-type scissors forceps (GSF) that can grasp and incise the target tissue using electrosurgical current. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity5848 using GSF for the @entity356 and @entity652 . METHODS: @entity5848 using GSF was carried out on 35 consecutive @entity1 with early @entity356 or @entity652 who had preoperative EUS diagnoses of @entity5 without lymph node involvement. Therapeutic efficacy and safety were assessed. RESULTS: All lesions were treated easily and safely without unexpected incision. The mean size of @entity5 and resected specimens was 15.6mm and 32.7mm, respectively. Curative en-bloc resection rates according to @entity5 size and location were 96% (26/27) in @entity5  <=20mm, 100% (8/8) in @entity5 >20mm, 100% (18/18) of @entity5 in the lower portion, 100% (8/8) of @entity5 in the middle portion, 89% (8/9) of @entity5 in the upper portion, and 97% (34/35) overall. The mean operating time according to @entity5 size and location was 93.4min in @entity5  <=20mm, 140min in @entity5 >20mm, 77.6min for @entity5 in the lower portion, 113.4min for @entity5 in the middle portion, 148.6min for @entity5 in the upper portion, and 104.1min overall. No @entity3816 occurred, and @entity86 was seen in 3% (1/35). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5848 using GSF allows simple and safe en-bloc resection of early @entity356 or @entity652 irrespective of @entity5 size and location.

title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection using a grasping-type scissors forceps for early XXXX and @entity652 .

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To date, no tool exists to predict pT0 at radical prostatectomy (RP) in @entity1 with @entity263 (PCa) after surgery for @entity1067 (SxBPH). We aimed to fill this gap by developing a user-friendly flowchart to assist urologists when incidental PCa is diagnosed and a clinical decision is required. METHODS: We analyzed 158 T1a-T1b @entity263 @entity1 who underwent RP between 1996 and 2009. A risk stratification tool was developed applying the tree modeling technique of classification and regression tree analysis (CART) and relying on all the available pre-RP characteristics (age, @entity1486 [PSA] before SxBPH, PSA after SxBPH, cT1a-T1b stage, prostate volume and Gleason sum at SxBPH). Then, the accuracy of the proposed model using 200 bootstrap resamples for internal validation was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 95 @entity1 (60.1%) were stage T1a, and 63 (39.9%) were stage T1b. The median values of PSA before and after SxBPH were 4.2 and 1.1 ng/mL, respectively. A total of 22 @entity1 (13.9%) showed no @entity41 (pT0) at RP. The CART analyses identified three groups at risk of having @entity66 at RP: (i) PSA after SxBPH > 1.0 ng/mL (pT0 prevalence: 3.8%); (ii) PSA after SxBPH < 1.0 ng/mL and PSA before SxBPH > 2.0 ng/mL (pT0 prevalence: 14.8%); and (iii) PSA after SxBPH < 1.0 ng/mL and PSA before SxBPH < 2.0 ng/mL (pT0 prevalence: 42.3%). The accuracy of the proposed model was 77.1%. Clinical stage (T1a vs T1b) was not associated with pT0 (P = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical stage (T1a vs T1b) assessment does not help in predicting pT0 cases. An accurate and clinically useful flowchart to predict pT0 at RP after @entity263 diagnosis is provided herein.

title: When should we expect no @entity41 (pT0) once we submit incidental T1a-b XXXX to radical prostatectomy?

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['T1a-T1b prostate cancer', 'incidental prostate cancer', 'prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To date, no tool exists to predict pT0 at radical prostatectomy (RP) in @entity1 with @entity263 (PCa) after surgery for @entity1067 (SxBPH). We aimed to fill this gap by developing a user-friendly flowchart to assist urologists when incidental PCa is diagnosed and a clinical decision is required. METHODS: We analyzed 158 T1a-T1b @entity263 @entity1 who underwent RP between 1996 and 2009. A risk stratification tool was developed applying the tree modeling technique of classification and regression tree analysis (CART) and relying on all the available pre-RP characteristics (age, @entity1486 [PSA] before SxBPH, PSA after SxBPH, cT1a-T1b stage, prostate volume and Gleason sum at SxBPH). Then, the accuracy of the proposed model using 200 bootstrap resamples for internal validation was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 95 @entity1 (60.1%) were stage T1a, and 63 (39.9%) were stage T1b. The median values of PSA before and after SxBPH were 4.2 and 1.1 ng/mL, respectively. A total of 22 @entity1 (13.9%) showed no @entity41 (pT0) at RP. The CART analyses identified three groups at risk of having @entity66 at RP: (i) PSA after SxBPH > 1.0 ng/mL (pT0 prevalence: 3.8%); (ii) PSA after SxBPH < 1.0 ng/mL and PSA before SxBPH > 2.0 ng/mL (pT0 prevalence: 14.8%); and (iii) PSA after SxBPH < 1.0 ng/mL and PSA before SxBPH < 2.0 ng/mL (pT0 prevalence: 42.3%). The accuracy of the proposed model was 77.1%. Clinical stage (T1a vs T1b) was not associated with pT0 (P = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical stage (T1a vs T1b) assessment does not help in predicting pT0 cases. An accurate and clinically useful flowchart to predict pT0 at RP after @entity263 diagnosis is provided herein.

title: When should we expect no XXXX (pT0) once we submit incidental T1a-b @entity263 to radical prostatectomy?

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['residual tumor']


abstract: @entity158 remains one of the main reasons for medical consultation worldwide: moderate- to severe-intensity @entity158 occurs in 19% of adult Europeans, seriously affecting the quality of their social and working lives. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not recommended for long-term use and a careful surveillance to monitor for @entity137 and efficacy is critical. This study aims to assess: 1) the pattern of use of NSAIDs and opioids in a population covered by a cloud-based pharmacovigilance surveillance system; and 2) potential inappropriate use. A retrospective 18-months systematic analysis on @entity1 ' @entity158 treatment was performed. The primary endpoint was evaluating the prevalence of NSAIDs and opioids use and the duration of therapy regimen. The secondary endpoint was to investigate the prevalence of NSAIDs taken for >21 consecutive days concomitant with drugs for peptic ulcer and @entity354 ( @entity354 ) or antiplatelet drugs. The yearly cost for individual users of concomitant NSAIDs for more than 21 consecutive days and of @entity354 medications has been estimated. A total of 3,050 subjects with @entity1118 were enrolled; 97% of them took NSAIDs for >21 consecutive days; about one-fourth of these users also received drugs for peptic ulcer and @entity354 (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code A02B). The yearly cost foran individual who uses NSAIDs for >21 consecutive days as well as concomitant @entity354 medications is 61.23 @entity7634 . In total, 238 subjects (8%) using NSAIDs for >21 days also received one antiplatelet agent. About 11% of subjects received opioids at least once and only 2% of them carried on the therapy for more than 90 consecutive days. In evaluating the escalation in dosage as a proxy of @entity734 risk, this study shows no dosage escalation in our cohort of @entity1118 population - that is to say we show no risk of @entity734 .

title: Impact of potential inappropriate NSAIDs use in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GORD']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: PROBLEM: Innate immune machinery including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) confers the first line of defense mechanisms to counter pathogenic microorganisms that enter the body. The male reproductive tract is vulnerable to infection and the role of TLRs and the antimicrobial responses that operate to counter @entity281 in this organ system are poorly understood. METHOD OF STUDY: Caput and cauda epididymides, testes and seminal vesicles were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 24 h from @entity35 injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of LPS. Plasma @entity251 was measured using ELISA. Expression pattern of defensins and @entity72067 isoforms were analysed using RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical analyses was performed to determine SPAG11E protein expression following LPS treatment. RESULTS: We provide the first line of evidence that the male reproductive tract induces the expression of @entity72067 ( @entity72067 ) mRNA variants and defensins when challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with a concomitant increase in protein expression. However, there was an inverse relationship between induction of antimicrobial gene expression and plasma @entity251 . An increase in the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines was observed parallel to the induction of @entity72067 variants and majority of defensin expression in the male reproductive tract. CONCLUSION: The increase in @entity72067 and defensin mRNA in response to LPS administration demonstrates their importance in protecting the male reproductive tract during infection. Results of this study help to understand male reproductive tract innate immune defense mechanisms and to design novel peptide antibiotics to prevent @entity2953 .

title: Antimicrobial responses in the male reproductive tract of lipopolysaccharide challenged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 is one of the most @entity5 in @entity1 and is fundamentally a @entity74 . Identifying regulators in @entity5 using novel systems biology approaches will potentially lead to new insight into this disease. It was sought to address this by inferring gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Moreover, dynamical analysis of GRNs can explain how regulators change among different conditions, such as @entity5 subtypes. METHODS: In our approach, independent gene regulatory networks from each prostate state were reconstructed using one of the current state-of-art reverse engineering approaches. Next, crucial genes involved in this @entity5 were highlighted by analyzing each network individually and also in comparison with each other. RESULTS: In this paper, a novel network-based approach was introduced to find critical transcription factors involved in @entity263 . The results led to detection of 38 essential transcription factors based on hub type variation. Additionally, experimental evidence was found for 29 of them as well as 9 new transcription factors. CONCLUSION: The results showed that dynamical analysis of biological networks may provide useful information to gain better understanding of the cell.

title: Comparative Analysis of XXXX Gene Regulatory Networks via Hub Type Variation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['widespread cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: AIM: Acceptance of a short distal bowel margin results in a higher rate of anterior resection but may compromise oncological safety. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of a 5-mm distal margin. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was carried out of 412 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 treated with anterior resection with a negative circumferential resection margin. Radiotherapy was given to 63% of @entity1 with an advanced @entity5 . The median follow up was 75 months. RESULTS: Fewer @entity1 in the group with a distal margin of  <= 5 mm had a @entity5 with an advanced pT stage compared to @entity1 in the group with a distal margin of > 5 mm (P = 0.033). Two @entity1 were converted to abdominoperineal resection because of a positive 'doughnut', leaving 410 @entity1 , in whom 5.4% (95% CI, 0-11.3%) of the group with a distal margin of  <= 5 mm had local recurrence at 5 years compared with 4.2% (95% CI, 2.1-6.3%) of the group with a distal margin of > 5 mm (P = 0.726). The corresponding figures for the 5-year overall survival were 82.4% (95% CI, 72.6-92.2%) vs 76.3% (95% CI, 71.8-80.8%) (P = 0.581). All four anastomotic recurrences occurred in the group with a distal margin of > 5 mm. CONCLUSION: A distal margin of  <= 5 mm did not compromise oncological safety in @entity1 undergoing preoperative radiation for an advanced @entity5 .

title: Acceptance of a 5-mm distal bowel resection margin for XXXX : is it safe?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has led to designing scaffolds and their modification to provide a better microenvironment which mimics the natural niche of the cells. Gelatin surface modification was applied to improve scaffold flexibility and cytocompatibility. METHODS: @entity15274 / @entity4351 aligned fibrous scaffold was fabricated using electrospinning method. ADSCs were seeded after O2 plasma treatment and gelatin coating of the scaffolds. The morphological and mechanical properties of blends were assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), tensile test and ATR-FTIR. The cells proliferation was evaluated by @entity98 assay. RESULTS: Based on the results, it is supposed that gelatin coating is a brilliant method of surface modification which significantly increases the mechanical properties of scaffold without any changes on the construction or on the direction of nanofibers which conducts cell's elongation. @entity98 analysis exhibited that ADSCs attachment, viability and proliferation significantly (p < 0.05) increased after gelatin treatment. CONCLUSION: Gelatin surface modification is a highly beneficial method to improve cytocompatibility, flexibility and mechanical features of the scaffolds which doesn't affect the nanofibers construction. Proliferation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) as a remarkable source of stem cells was investigated for the first time on @entity15274 / @entity4351 hybrid scaffold.

title: ADSCs on @entity15274 / XXXX Hybrid Nanoscaffold and Gelatin Modification: Cytocompatibility and Mechanical Properties.

answer: @entity4351 :: (CHEBI:60736,Chemical) :: ['PCL']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has led to designing scaffolds and their modification to provide a better microenvironment which mimics the natural niche of the cells. Gelatin surface modification was applied to improve scaffold flexibility and cytocompatibility. METHODS: @entity15274 / @entity4351 aligned fibrous scaffold was fabricated using electrospinning method. ADSCs were seeded after O2 plasma treatment and gelatin coating of the scaffolds. The morphological and mechanical properties of blends were assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), tensile test and ATR-FTIR. The cells proliferation was evaluated by @entity98 assay. RESULTS: Based on the results, it is supposed that gelatin coating is a brilliant method of surface modification which significantly increases the mechanical properties of scaffold without any changes on the construction or on the direction of nanofibers which conducts cell's elongation. @entity98 analysis exhibited that ADSCs attachment, viability and proliferation significantly (p < 0.05) increased after gelatin treatment. CONCLUSION: Gelatin surface modification is a highly beneficial method to improve cytocompatibility, flexibility and mechanical features of the scaffolds which doesn't affect the nanofibers construction. Proliferation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) as a remarkable source of stem cells was investigated for the first time on @entity15274 / @entity4351 hybrid scaffold.

title: ADSCs on XXXX / @entity4351 Hybrid Nanoscaffold and Gelatin Modification: Cytocompatibility and Mechanical Properties.

answer: @entity15274 :: (CHEBI:53408,Chemical) :: ['PLLA']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Management of medically inoperable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) has been historically challenging, with poor rates of local control and disease-specific survival. Nearly all published series of standard fractionation radiotherapy have utilised doses <70 Gy. The present investigation describes disease control and survival outcomes for a large series of @entity1 prescribed high-dose radiotherapy for early-stage @entity1149 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of disease control and survival outcomes for stages I-II @entity1149 @entity1 prescribed >= 70 Gy at 1.8-2.5 Gy per fraction. RESULTS: Between May 1997 and August 2008, 100 primary @entity5 in 98 @entity1 (two metachronous) were eligible for analysis. The median age was 71 years (range 49-93), and 92 @entity1 were considered medically inoperable. Nearly all cases were clinical stage cT1N0 (51 @entity1 ) or cT2N0 (35). The median radiotherapy dose prescribed was 80.5 Gy (range 70-90). At a median follow-up of 18 months, 72 @entity1 died (44 of/with disease) and 50 experienced recurrence. The estimated 3-year in-field control, progression-free survival, disease-specific, and overall survival rates were 50, 29, 30 and 24%, respectively. Univariate analyses demonstrated an inverse association between local control and @entity5 size. Medical inoperability was associated with decreased disease-specific and overall survivals. @entity1 age and biologically equivalent dose were also associated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Disease control and survival of fractionated radiotherapy for early-stage @entity1149 remain suboptimal. Medical inoperability is associated with worse overall survival; however, local control remains a predominant pattern of failure despite 80 Gy in standard fractionation, particularly in @entity1 with larger @entity5 size.

title: High-dose fractionated radiotherapy to 80 Gy for stage I-II medically inoperable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, genes explains most of variation. As the novel candidate genes @entity72068 and @entity2538 may have been associated with spinal @entity79 in adult. This study was to investigate the relationship among these two genes^ @entity79 and the life style factors in young female. METHODS: The @entity72069 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the @entity72068 gene and the @entity66813 SNP of the @entity2538 gene were genotyped using SNaPshot   in 359 students from Xinjiang. The prospective study included 203 Han and 156 Uyghur subjects. @entity79 was measured using quantitative computed tomography (QCT). @entity460 , @entity4613 and alkaline phosphatase were measured by ELISA method. Physical activity, dietary @entity460 and life styles were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS: Both SNPs showed differences in genotype and allele frequencies (P < 0.05) between the Han and Uyghur subjects. Total @entity460 intake, energy intake, tea and milk intake were also significantly different between two groups (P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed an association between @entity79 and @entity560 intake (P = 0.000), milk (P = 0.000), exercise (P = 0.029), @entity72069 (P = 0.028), energy intake (P = 0.043). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the polymorphisms of the @entity72069 and @entity66813 are associated with @entity79 both in Han and Uyghur subjects. @entity79 , in Xinjiang, appears to be associated with several known factors that are well described in the literature. While the genotypes of @entity72069 and @entity66813 do not appear have a strong effect on the @entity79 .

title: Relationship between XXXX , @entity2538 gene polymorphisms and Peak Bone Mineral Density in College Students in China.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Peak bone mineral density', 'PBMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity72068 :: (79820,Gene) :: ['CATSPERB']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, genes explains most of variation. As the novel candidate genes @entity72068 and @entity2538 may have been associated with spinal @entity79 in adult. This study was to investigate the relationship among these two genes^ @entity79 and the life style factors in young female. METHODS: The @entity72069 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the @entity72068 gene and the @entity66813 SNP of the @entity2538 gene were genotyped using SNaPshot   in 359 students from Xinjiang. The prospective study included 203 Han and 156 Uyghur subjects. @entity79 was measured using quantitative computed tomography (QCT). @entity460 , @entity4613 and alkaline phosphatase were measured by ELISA method. Physical activity, dietary @entity460 and life styles were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS: Both SNPs showed differences in genotype and allele frequencies (P < 0.05) between the Han and Uyghur subjects. Total @entity460 intake, energy intake, tea and milk intake were also significantly different between two groups (P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed an association between @entity79 and @entity560 intake (P = 0.000), milk (P = 0.000), exercise (P = 0.029), @entity72069 (P = 0.028), energy intake (P = 0.043). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the polymorphisms of the @entity72069 and @entity66813 are associated with @entity79 both in Han and Uyghur subjects. @entity79 , in Xinjiang, appears to be associated with several known factors that are well described in the literature. While the genotypes of @entity72069 and @entity66813 do not appear have a strong effect on the @entity79 .

title: Relationship between @entity72068 , XXXX gene polymorphisms and Peak Bone Mineral Density in College Students in China.

answer: @entity2538 :: (2494,Gene) :: ['NR5A2']


abstract: Sphere forming assays have been useful to enrich for stem like cells in a range of @entity5 . The robustness of this system contrasts the difficulties in defining a stem cell population based on cell surface markers. We have undertaken a study to describe the cellular and organizational composition of tumorspheres, directly comparing these to neurospheres derived from the adult @entity1 subventricular zone (SVZ). Primary cell cultures from @entity1313 were found to contain variable fractions of cells positive for @entity5 stem cell markers ( @entity5439 (2-93%)/ @entity5824 (3-15%)/ @entity436 (1-72%)). All cultures produced @entity5 upon xenografting. Tumorspheres contained a heterogeneous population of cells, but were structurally organized with stem cell markers present at the core of spheres, with markers of more mature glial progenitors and astrocytes at more peripheral location. Ultrastructural studies showed that tumorspheres contained a higher fraction of electron dense cells in the core than the periphery (36% and 19%, respectively). Neurospheres also contained a heterogeneous cell population, but did not have an organization similar to tumorspheres. Although tumorspheres clearly display irregular and neoplastic cells, they establish an organized structure with an outward gradient of differentiation. We suggest that this organization is central in maintaining the @entity5 stem cell pool.

title: A comparative study of the structural organization of spheres derived from the adult XXXX subventricular zone and glioblastoma biopsies.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity9961 ( @entity9961 ) has been demonstrated to stimulate the growth of lymphatic vascular endothelium. The purpose of this study is to determine whether @entity9961 associated with computed tomography (CT) has a relationship with @entity1600 in @entity150 ( @entity150 ). METHODS: One hundred twenty seven cases of @entity150 were studied: first, both plain and enhanced CT scans of abdomen and pelvis were performed preoperatively; second, @entity9961 protein expressions in @entity5 cells were tested by immunohistochemistry postoperatively; and finally, detailed pathological findings for @entity1600 were recorded. RESULTS: @entity9961 expressions in @entity5 bladder cells were significantly higher than those in normal bladder epithelium. In the group of @entity150 -positive, @entity9961 was significantly correlated with @entity1600 (p <0.01). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of @entity9961 in the diagnosis of @entity1600 of @entity150 were 87.0, 67.9, and 74.8%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT were 47.8, 80.2, and 68.5%, respectively. When @entity9961 visually correlated with CT scan in the detection of @entity1600 , sensitivity was 91.3%; specificity was 84.0% and accuracy was 86.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Positive @entity9961 was significantly correlated with @entity1600 of @entity150 . @entity9961 expression in biopsy specimens may be beneficial in predicting pelvic lymph nodes. It can improve accuracy when combined with CT.

title: Vascular endothelial growth factor-C associated with computed tomography used in the diagnosis of @entity1600 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder transitional cell carcinoma', 'bladder carcinoma', 'BTCC']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity9961 :: ('7424', 'Gene') :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factor C', 'VEGF-C']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity9961 ( @entity9961 ) has been demonstrated to stimulate the growth of lymphatic vascular endothelium. The purpose of this study is to determine whether @entity9961 associated with computed tomography (CT) has a relationship with @entity1600 in @entity150 ( @entity150 ). METHODS: One hundred twenty seven cases of @entity150 were studied: first, both plain and enhanced CT scans of abdomen and pelvis were performed preoperatively; second, @entity9961 protein expressions in @entity5 cells were tested by immunohistochemistry postoperatively; and finally, detailed pathological findings for @entity1600 were recorded. RESULTS: @entity9961 expressions in @entity5 bladder cells were significantly higher than those in normal bladder epithelium. In the group of @entity150 -positive, @entity9961 was significantly correlated with @entity1600 (p <0.01). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of @entity9961 in the diagnosis of @entity1600 of @entity150 were 87.0, 67.9, and 74.8%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT were 47.8, 80.2, and 68.5%, respectively. When @entity9961 visually correlated with CT scan in the detection of @entity1600 , sensitivity was 91.3%; specificity was 84.0% and accuracy was 86.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Positive @entity9961 was significantly correlated with @entity1600 of @entity150 . @entity9961 expression in biopsy specimens may be beneficial in predicting pelvic lymph nodes. It can improve accuracy when combined with CT.

title: Vascular endothelial growth factor-C associated with computed tomography used in the diagnosis of XXXX of @entity150 .

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the perinatal findings and molecular genetic analysis of two siblings with @entity10534 . MATERIALS, METHODS AND RESULTS: A 33-year-old @entity1 , gravida 3, para 1, was referred for genetic counseling at 18 gestational weeks because of recurrent @entity2241 . Two years previously, she had delivered a 1,316-g dead male baby at 28 gestational weeks with a karyotype of 46,XY, postaxial polydactyly of the hands, @entity1514 , @entity4007 , @entity3886 , shortening of the long bones, @entity893 , and hypoplastic nails. During this pregnancy, prenatal ultrasound at 18 gestational weeks revealed shortening of the long bones (equivalent to 15 weeks), postaxial polydactyly of both hands, @entity1514 , and @entity4007 . The pregnancy was subsequently terminated, and a 236-g female fetus was delivered with a karyotype of 46,XX, postaxial polydactyly of the hands, @entity1514 , @entity4007 , shortening of the long bones, and @entity5806 . The phenotype of each of the two siblings was consistent with @entity10534 . Molecular analysis of the EVC and @entity10537 genes revealed heterozygous mutations in the @entity10537 gene. A heterozygous deletion mutation of a 26-bp deletion of @entity72070 encompassing the junction between intron 7 and exon 8 of the @entity10537 gene was found in the mother and two siblings, and a heterozygous nonsense mutation of @entity72071 , @entity60831 in exon 10 of the @entity10537 gene was found in the father and two siblings. CONCLUSION: Prenatal sonographic identification of @entity4007 in association with shortening of the long bones should alert clinicians to the possibility of @entity10534 and prompt a careful search of hexadactyly of the hands. Molecular analysis of the EVC and @entity10537 genes is helpful in genetic counseling in cases with prenatally detected postaxial polydactyly, @entity1514 , short limbs and @entity4007 .

title: XXXX : prenatal diagnosis, molecular analysis and genetic counseling.

entities_list: @entity4007 :: ('MESH:D004694', 'Disease') :: ['endocardial cushion defects']

entities_list: @entity10534 :: ('MESH:D004613', 'Disease') :: ['Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome', 'EVC syndrome', 'EvC syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['malposition of the toes and hypoplastic nails']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic dysplasia', 'thoracic narrowness']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malposition of the toes']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal skeletal dysplasia']

answer: @entity10534 :: (MESH:D004613,Disease) :: ['Ellis-van Creveld syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To improve the delivery of radiotherapy in @entity5 and to minimize the irradiation of unaffected tissues by using daily kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography (kV-CBCT) to reduce setup errors. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with gynecologic @entity5 were treated with postoperative volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). All @entity1 had a planning CT scan and daily CBCT during treatment. Automatic bone anatomy matching was used to determine initial inter-fraction positioning error. Positional correction on a six-degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) couch was followed by a second scan to calculate the residual inter-fraction error, and a post-treatment scan assessed intra-fraction motion. The margins of the planning target volume ( @entity50741 ) were calculated from these setup variations and the effect of margin size on normal tissue sparing was evaluated. RESULTS: In total, 573 CBCT scans were acquired. Mean absolute pre-/post-correction errors were obtained in all six planes. With 6DoF couch correction, the @entity50741 accounting for intra-fraction errors was reduced by 3.8-5.6  mm. This permitted a reduction in the maximum dose to the small intestine, bladder and femoral head (P   =   0.001, 0.035 and 0.032, respectively), the average dose to the rectum, small intestine, bladder and pelvic marrow (P   =   0.003, 0.000, 0.001 and 0.000, respectively) and markedly reduced irradiated normal tissue volumes. CONCLUSIONS: A 6DoF couch in combination with daily kV-CBCT can considerably improve positioning accuracy during VMAT treatment in @entity5 , reducing the @entity50741 . The reduced margin size permits improved normal tissue sparing and a smaller total irradiated volume.

title: Positioning accuracy during VMAT of XXXX and the resulting dosimetric impact by a 6-degree-of-freedom couch in combination with daily kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic malignancies', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gynecologic malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 has proven extremely challenging to treat. A collaborative effort is needed to advance research and improve treatment. An expert conference was conducted to elicit perspectives regarding the current treatment and future research of @entity788 . METHODS: The conference comprised an international panel of experts representing five European countries and the United States. RESULTS: Adjuvant radiotherapy is used more frequently in the United States than in Europe. In locally advanced disease, there is now more emphasis on early chemotherapy in both Europe and the United States. In metastatic disease, combination chemotherapy is commonly used in Europe and the United States. This varies by country. Advancing pancreatic research will require improving biorepositories and developing a roadmap to prioritize therapeutic targets in different models. Small randomized phase II trials of both non-selected and enriched @entity1 populations will help identify activity of new agents. Phase III trials should only be initiated in appropriate @entity1 based on strong clinical and biological signals. Developing drugs in the adjuvant setting may be preferable to eliminate some of the challenges of drug development in the advanced disease setting. CONCLUSION: Progress in research combined with encouraging improvements from the past offer hope for the future of @entity788 @entity1 .

title: XXXX treatment and research: an international expert panel discussion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3742 is a rare @entity3459 , mainly inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. It is characterized by a @entity74 on one of the four genes encoding the subunits of the transmembrane protein complex GPIb-V-IX, physiologically expressed only in platelets. The exact phenotype varies widely from individual to individual depending on the particular mutation presented. Currently, there is no consensus about ideal management of affected pregnant @entity1 , in face of the scarcity of cases. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on a 28-year-old Black Brazilian primigravida who was referred to our maternity hospital, a tertiary care center, for decision about the most adequate mode of delivery. She was admitted with a platelet count of 43.000 plt/ L, and hemoglobin of 13.6  g/dL. Platelet transfusion was regarded as a necessary prophylactic measure prior to delivery. Ten units of random donor platelets were administered on the course of three days, after which the @entity1 was submitted to an elective cesarean section delivery under general anesthesia at 40  weeks of gestational age. A healthy male baby with a normal birthweight of 3.615  kg was delivered. After the delivery, the mother's state continued being assessed daily, with special attention taken to lochia and surgical wound healing. At one week postpartum, a complete blood count revealed a platelet count of 41.000 plt/ L, and hemoglobin of 13.3  g/dL. As there were no signs of neither evident nor @entity548 , and surgical wound was healing accordingly, the @entity1 was discharged, after being oriented about @entity548 preventive measures. CONCLUSION: The peripartum period is regarded as the most crucial moment of pregnancy in @entity1 with @entity3742 , hence the importance of a judiciously planned mode of delivery, and of careful prophylaxis against @entity548 beforehand. Furthermore, absence of complications during the peripartum period does not predict how the @entity1 will do subsequently. Strict vigilance is warranted at least until six weeks postpartum, due to the virtual risk of secondary postpartum @entity548 .

title: Primigravida with XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3742 :: ('MESH:D001606', 'Disease') :: ['Bernard-Soulier Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'occult hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['congenital bleeding disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect']

answer: @entity3742 :: (MESH:D001606,Disease) :: ['Bernard-Soulier Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The traditional classification of @entity1030 , which relies solely on spirometry, fails to account for the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease. Phenotyping is a method that attempts to derive a single or combination of disease attributes that are associated with clinically meaningful outcomes. Deriving phenotypes entails the use of cluster analyses, and helps individualize @entity1 management by identifying groups of individuals with similar characteristics. We aimed to systematically review the literature for studies that had derived such phenotypes using unsupervised methods. METHODS: Two independent reviewers systematically searched multiple databases for studies that performed validated statistical analyses, free of definitive pre-determined hypotheses, to derive phenotypes among @entity1 with @entity1030 . Data were extracted independently. RESULTS: 9156 citations were retrieved, of which, 8 studies were included. The number of subjects ranged from 213 to 1543. Most studies appeared to be biased: @entity1 were more likely males, with severe disease, and recruited in tertiary care settings. Statistical methods used to derive phenotypes varied by study. The number of phenotypes identified ranged from 2 to 5. Two phenotypes, with poor longitudinal health outcomes, were common across multiple studies: young @entity1 with severe @entity1576 , few cardiovascular co-morbidities, poor nutritional status and poor health status, and a phenotype of older @entity1 with moderate @entity1576 , @entity28 , cardiovascular and metabolic co-morbidities. CONCLUSIONS: The recognition that two phenotypes of @entity1030 were often reported may have clinical implications for altering the course of the disease. This review also provided important information on limitations of phenotype studies in @entity1030 and the need for improvement in future studies.

title: Derivation and validation of clinical phenotypes for XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common genetic variants residing near upstream regulatory elements for @entity13327 , the gene encoding transcription factor @entity13327 , promote the persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) into adulthood. While they have no consequences in healthy individuals, high HbF levels have major clinical benefits in @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) or b @entity2395 . Here, we present our detailed investigation of HBS1L- @entity13327 intergenic polymorphism block 2 ( @entity72072 -2), the central component of the complex quantitative-trait locus upstream of @entity13327 , in 1,022 individuals with @entity3458 in Tanzania. METHODS: We have looked at 1022 individuals with HbSS or HbS/b(0) in Tanzania. In order to achieve a detailed analysis of @entity72072 -2, we performed targeted genotyping for a total of 10 SNPs and extracted additional 528 SNPs information from a genome wide scan involving the same population. Using MACH, we utilized the existing YRI data from 1000 genomes to impute 54 SNPs situated within HIMP-2. RESULTS: Seven HbF-increasing, low-frequency variants (b   >   0.3, p   <   10(-5), f    <=   0.05) were located in two partially-independent sub-loci, @entity72072 -2A and @entity72072 -2B. The spectrum of haplotypes carrying such alleles was diverse when compared to European and West African reference populations: we detected one such haplotype at sub-locus @entity72072 -2A, two at @entity72072 -2B, and a fourth including high-HbF alleles at both sub-loci ('Eurasian' haplotype clade). In the region of @entity72072 -2A a putative functional variant (a 3-bp indel) has been described previously, but no such candidate causative variant exists at @entity72072 -2B. Extending our dataset through imputation with 1000 Genomes, whole-genome-sequence data, we have mapped peak association at @entity72072 -2B to an 11-kb region around @entity72073 and @entity72074 , flanked by two conserved regulatory elements for @entity13327 . CONCLUSIONS: Studies in populations from the African continent provide distinct opportunities for mapping disease-modifying genetic loci, especially for conditions that are highly prevalent there, such as @entity3458 . Population-genetic characteristics of our cohort, such as ethnic diversity and the predominance of shorter, African-type haplotypes, can add to the power of such studies.

title: Genetic association of fetal-hemoglobin levels in individuals with XXXX in Tanzania maps to conserved regulatory elements within the @entity13327 core enhancer.

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common genetic variants residing near upstream regulatory elements for @entity13327 , the gene encoding transcription factor @entity13327 , promote the persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) into adulthood. While they have no consequences in healthy individuals, high HbF levels have major clinical benefits in @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) or b @entity2395 . Here, we present our detailed investigation of HBS1L- @entity13327 intergenic polymorphism block 2 ( @entity72072 -2), the central component of the complex quantitative-trait locus upstream of @entity13327 , in 1,022 individuals with @entity3458 in Tanzania. METHODS: We have looked at 1022 individuals with HbSS or HbS/b(0) in Tanzania. In order to achieve a detailed analysis of @entity72072 -2, we performed targeted genotyping for a total of 10 SNPs and extracted additional 528 SNPs information from a genome wide scan involving the same population. Using MACH, we utilized the existing YRI data from 1000 genomes to impute 54 SNPs situated within HIMP-2. RESULTS: Seven HbF-increasing, low-frequency variants (b   >   0.3, p   <   10(-5), f    <=   0.05) were located in two partially-independent sub-loci, @entity72072 -2A and @entity72072 -2B. The spectrum of haplotypes carrying such alleles was diverse when compared to European and West African reference populations: we detected one such haplotype at sub-locus @entity72072 -2A, two at @entity72072 -2B, and a fourth including high-HbF alleles at both sub-loci ('Eurasian' haplotype clade). In the region of @entity72072 -2A a putative functional variant (a 3-bp indel) has been described previously, but no such candidate causative variant exists at @entity72072 -2B. Extending our dataset through imputation with 1000 Genomes, whole-genome-sequence data, we have mapped peak association at @entity72072 -2B to an 11-kb region around @entity72073 and @entity72074 , flanked by two conserved regulatory elements for @entity13327 . CONCLUSIONS: Studies in populations from the African continent provide distinct opportunities for mapping disease-modifying genetic loci, especially for conditions that are highly prevalent there, such as @entity3458 . Population-genetic characteristics of our cohort, such as ethnic diversity and the predominance of shorter, African-type haplotypes, can add to the power of such studies.

title: Genetic association of fetal-hemoglobin levels in individuals with @entity3458 in Tanzania maps to conserved regulatory elements within the XXXX core enhancer.

answer: @entity13327 :: (4602,Gene) :: ['MYB']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the efficacy of intrarectal ice application as an anesthetic method prior to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 consecutive @entity1 were included into the study prospectively. @entity1 were equally randomized as group 1 and 2 with 60 @entity1 each. Ice was applied as an anesthetic method 5 minutes before procedure to the @entity1 in group 1. @entity1 in group 2 were applied 10 mL of 2% @entity3303 gel 10 minutes before procedure. Twelve core biopsy procedure was performed for all @entity1 . The @entity158 level was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: Median @entity158 score was 3.5 (1-8) in group 1 and 5 (1-8) in group 2. There is significantly difference between groups regarding the mean sense of @entity158 level during the procedure. (p=0.007) There was also no difference in complications between two groups about presence and duration of macroscopic @entity811 and @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Intrarectal ice application prior to TRUS prostate biopsy has an effect on reducing @entity158 . Development of new techniques about cold effect or ice can make this method more useful and decrease complication rates.

title: Intrarectal ice application prior to transrectal prostate biopsy: a prospective randomised trial accessing XXXX and collateral effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A management of adverse effect of chemotherapy is essential to improve outcome of @entity1 with @entity1778 . Some kind of genetic polymorphisms can predict treatment-related @entity137 , and be used individually as bases of dose modifications for @entity4446 ( @entity7275 ) and @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) in maintenance therapy for childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ). We investigate associations between clinical course and polymorphisms of candidate genes which have not been less evaluated in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 who received maintenance chemotherapy were enrolled to this study. The scheduled dose of oral @entity7275 was 40   mg/m(2) daily and that of oral @entity6822 was 25   mg/m(2) weekly. The doses were adjusted taking into account the @entity1 ' @entity1762 blood cell (WBC) count (target range: 2.5 to 3.5   *   10(9) /L) and @entity5906 aminotransferase (AST) and @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT) levels under 750   IU/L. Eight polymorphisms in 6 candidate genes, @entity17710 , ITPA, @entity36620 , @entity9769 , @entity12859 , and @entity6906 were genotyped by Taqman PCR method. Clinical course was reviewed from the @entity1 ' medical records retrospectively. RESULTS: The average dose of @entity7275 was lower in the @entity1 with at least one variant allele at @entity6906 @entity26816 than in the @entity1 with wild homozygous genotype. The other analyzed polymorphisms were not associated with @entity137 or doses of @entity7275 and @entity6822 . CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphism of @entity6906 @entity26816 could be a strong predictor of dose reduction of @entity7275 in maintenance chemotherapy in childhood @entity981 .

title: Influence of @entity6906 polymorphism on maintenance therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['childhood leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A management of adverse effect of chemotherapy is essential to improve outcome of @entity1 with @entity1778 . Some kind of genetic polymorphisms can predict treatment-related @entity137 , and be used individually as bases of dose modifications for @entity4446 ( @entity7275 ) and @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) in maintenance therapy for childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ). We investigate associations between clinical course and polymorphisms of candidate genes which have not been less evaluated in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 who received maintenance chemotherapy were enrolled to this study. The scheduled dose of oral @entity7275 was 40   mg/m(2) daily and that of oral @entity6822 was 25   mg/m(2) weekly. The doses were adjusted taking into account the @entity1 ' @entity1762 blood cell (WBC) count (target range: 2.5 to 3.5   *   10(9) /L) and @entity5906 aminotransferase (AST) and @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT) levels under 750   IU/L. Eight polymorphisms in 6 candidate genes, @entity17710 , ITPA, @entity36620 , @entity9769 , @entity12859 , and @entity6906 were genotyped by Taqman PCR method. Clinical course was reviewed from the @entity1 ' medical records retrospectively. RESULTS: The average dose of @entity7275 was lower in the @entity1 with at least one variant allele at @entity6906 @entity26816 than in the @entity1 with wild homozygous genotype. The other analyzed polymorphisms were not associated with @entity137 or doses of @entity7275 and @entity6822 . CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphism of @entity6906 @entity26816 could be a strong predictor of dose reduction of @entity7275 in maintenance chemotherapy in childhood @entity981 .

title: Influence of XXXX polymorphism on maintenance therapy for @entity1778 .

answer: @entity6906 :: (10599,Gene) :: ['SLCO1B1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4242 with or without @entity989 , @entity4269 , or @entity1032 ( @entity13501 ) is a rare @entity74 with variable expressivity. It is characterized by mild-to-severe @entity4242 , often associated with @entity717 , @entity735 and @entity4269 . It can be sporadic or inherited. Eighty-seven @entity1 have been described to carry a mutation in @entity13501 , which encodes a homotetrameric motor kinesin, @entity13501 . METHODS: We tested 23 unreported @entity13501 index @entity1 for @entity13501 . We also reviewed the clinical phenotypes of all our @entity1 as well as of those described in previously published studies. RESULTS: We identified 14 mutations, 12 of which are novel. We detected mutations in 12 affected individuals, from 6 out of 6 familial cases, and in 8 out of 17 sporadic @entity1 . Phenotypic evaluation of @entity1 (our 26   +   61 earlier published   =   87) revealed @entity4242 in 91%, @entity735 in 72%, @entity717 in 67% and @entity4269 in 47% of the @entity1 . Unaffected carriers were rare (4 out of 87: 5%). Family history is not a requisite for diagnosis; 31% (16 out of 52) were de novo cases. CONCLUSIONS: All inherited cases, and 50% of sporadic cases of @entity13501 are due to germline @entity13501 mutations. It is possible that mosaic @entity13501 mutations cause the remainder of sporadic cases, which the methods employed here were not designed to detect. On the other hand, some of them might have another mimicking disorder and @entity74 , as @entity4242 is highly heterogeneous. In aggregate, @entity13501 mutations likely cause the majority, if not all, of @entity13501 .

title: No evidence of locus heterogeneity in @entity4242 with or without @entity989 , XXXX , or @entity1032 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly', 'Microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eye anomalies', 'ocular defects']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect', 'autosomal dominant disorder']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['lymphedema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4242 with or without @entity989 , @entity4269 , or @entity1032 ( @entity13501 ) is a rare @entity74 with variable expressivity. It is characterized by mild-to-severe @entity4242 , often associated with @entity717 , @entity735 and @entity4269 . It can be sporadic or inherited. Eighty-seven @entity1 have been described to carry a mutation in @entity13501 , which encodes a homotetrameric motor kinesin, @entity13501 . METHODS: We tested 23 unreported @entity13501 index @entity1 for @entity13501 . We also reviewed the clinical phenotypes of all our @entity1 as well as of those described in previously published studies. RESULTS: We identified 14 mutations, 12 of which are novel. We detected mutations in 12 affected individuals, from 6 out of 6 familial cases, and in 8 out of 17 sporadic @entity1 . Phenotypic evaluation of @entity1 (our 26   +   61 earlier published   =   87) revealed @entity4242 in 91%, @entity735 in 72%, @entity717 in 67% and @entity4269 in 47% of the @entity1 . Unaffected carriers were rare (4 out of 87: 5%). Family history is not a requisite for diagnosis; 31% (16 out of 52) were de novo cases. CONCLUSIONS: All inherited cases, and 50% of sporadic cases of @entity13501 are due to germline @entity13501 mutations. It is possible that mosaic @entity13501 mutations cause the remainder of sporadic cases, which the methods employed here were not designed to detect. On the other hand, some of them might have another mimicking disorder and @entity74 , as @entity4242 is highly heterogeneous. In aggregate, @entity13501 mutations likely cause the majority, if not all, of @entity13501 .

title: No evidence of locus heterogeneity in @entity4242 with or without @entity989 , @entity4269 , or XXXX .

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental retardation syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4242 with or without @entity989 , @entity4269 , or @entity1032 ( @entity13501 ) is a rare @entity74 with variable expressivity. It is characterized by mild-to-severe @entity4242 , often associated with @entity717 , @entity735 and @entity4269 . It can be sporadic or inherited. Eighty-seven @entity1 have been described to carry a mutation in @entity13501 , which encodes a homotetrameric motor kinesin, @entity13501 . METHODS: We tested 23 unreported @entity13501 index @entity1 for @entity13501 . We also reviewed the clinical phenotypes of all our @entity1 as well as of those described in previously published studies. RESULTS: We identified 14 mutations, 12 of which are novel. We detected mutations in 12 affected individuals, from 6 out of 6 familial cases, and in 8 out of 17 sporadic @entity1 . Phenotypic evaluation of @entity1 (our 26   +   61 earlier published   =   87) revealed @entity4242 in 91%, @entity735 in 72%, @entity717 in 67% and @entity4269 in 47% of the @entity1 . Unaffected carriers were rare (4 out of 87: 5%). Family history is not a requisite for diagnosis; 31% (16 out of 52) were de novo cases. CONCLUSIONS: All inherited cases, and 50% of sporadic cases of @entity13501 are due to germline @entity13501 mutations. It is possible that mosaic @entity13501 mutations cause the remainder of sporadic cases, which the methods employed here were not designed to detect. On the other hand, some of them might have another mimicking disorder and @entity74 , as @entity4242 is highly heterogeneous. In aggregate, @entity13501 mutations likely cause the majority, if not all, of @entity13501 .

title: No evidence of locus heterogeneity in XXXX with or without @entity989 , @entity4269 , or @entity1032 .

answer: @entity4242 :: (MESH:D008831,Disease) :: ['familial microcephaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4242 with or without @entity989 , @entity4269 , or @entity1032 ( @entity13501 ) is a rare @entity74 with variable expressivity. It is characterized by mild-to-severe @entity4242 , often associated with @entity717 , @entity735 and @entity4269 . It can be sporadic or inherited. Eighty-seven @entity1 have been described to carry a mutation in @entity13501 , which encodes a homotetrameric motor kinesin, @entity13501 . METHODS: We tested 23 unreported @entity13501 index @entity1 for @entity13501 . We also reviewed the clinical phenotypes of all our @entity1 as well as of those described in previously published studies. RESULTS: We identified 14 mutations, 12 of which are novel. We detected mutations in 12 affected individuals, from 6 out of 6 familial cases, and in 8 out of 17 sporadic @entity1 . Phenotypic evaluation of @entity1 (our 26   +   61 earlier published   =   87) revealed @entity4242 in 91%, @entity735 in 72%, @entity717 in 67% and @entity4269 in 47% of the @entity1 . Unaffected carriers were rare (4 out of 87: 5%). Family history is not a requisite for diagnosis; 31% (16 out of 52) were de novo cases. CONCLUSIONS: All inherited cases, and 50% of sporadic cases of @entity13501 are due to germline @entity13501 mutations. It is possible that mosaic @entity13501 mutations cause the remainder of sporadic cases, which the methods employed here were not designed to detect. On the other hand, some of them might have another mimicking disorder and @entity74 , as @entity4242 is highly heterogeneous. In aggregate, @entity13501 mutations likely cause the majority, if not all, of @entity13501 .

title: No evidence of locus heterogeneity in @entity4242 with or without XXXX , @entity4269 , or @entity1032 .

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['chorioretinopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Effective visual memory encoding, a function important for everyday functioning, relies on episodic and semantic memory processes. In @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), @entity2414 are common as the structures typically involved in @entity410 generation are also involved in acquisition, maintenance, and retrieval of episodic memories. In this study, we used group independent component analysis (GICA) combined with Granger causality analysis to investigate the neuronal networks involved in visual memory encoding during a complex fMRI scene-encoding task in @entity1 with left @entity1315 (LMTLE; N=28) and in @entity1 with @entity4265 ( @entity4265 ; N=18). Additionally, we built models of memory encoding in LMTLE and @entity4265 and compared them with a model of healthy memory encoding (Nenert et al., 2014). For those with LMTLE, we identified and retained for further analyses and model generation 7 ICA task-related components that were attributed to four different networks: the frontal and posterior components of the DMN, @entity227 , and an "other" network. For those with @entity4265 , @entity6455 produced 9 task-related components that were attributed to the somatosensory and cerebellar networks in addition to the same networks as in @entity1 with LMTLE. Granger causality analysis revealed group differences in causality relations within the visual memory network and @entity1315 -related deviations from normal network function. Our results demonstrate differences in the networks for visual memory encoding between those with LMTLE and those with @entity4265 . Consistent with previous studies, the organization of memory encoding is dependent on laterality of @entity410 focus and may be mediated by functional reorganization in chronic @entity302 . These differences may underlie the observed differences in memory abilities between @entity1 with LMTLE and @entity1 with @entity4265 and highlight the modulating effects of @entity302 on the network for memory encoding.

title: The effect of medial XXXX encoding.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual network, auditory-insular network']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['MTLE', 'medial temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right MTLE', 'RMTLE']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy on visual memory']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Near-infrared fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) is a novel imaging technology in the detection and evaluation of different arthritides. FOI was validated in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), greyscale ultrasonography (GSUS), and power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) in @entity1 with early @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Hands of 31 @entity1 with early @entity309 were examined by FOI, MRI, and US. In each modality, @entity603 of the wrist, @entity2720 ( @entity2720 ) 2-5, and proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP) 2-5 were scored on a 4-point scale (0-3). Sensitivity and specificity of FOI were analyzed in comparison to MRI and US as reference methods, differentiating between 3 phases of FOI enhancement ( @entity4668 ). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to evaluate the agreement of FOI with MRI and US. RESULTS: A total of 279 joints (31 wrists, 124 @entity2720 and 124 @entity2720 ) were evaluated. With MRI as the reference method, overall sensitivity/specificity of FOI was 0.81/0.00, 0.49/0.84, and 0.86/0.38 for wrist, @entity2720 , and @entity2720 , respectively. Under application of PDUS as reference, sensitivity was even higher, while specificity turned out to be low, except for @entity2720 joints (0.88/0.15, 0.81/0.76, and 1.00/0.27, respectively). P2 appears to be the most sensitive FOI phase, while P1 showed the highest specificity. The best agreement of FOI was shown for PDUS, especially with @entity2720 (ICC of 0.57 and 0.53, respectively), while correlation with MRI was slightly lower. CONCLUSION: FOI remains an interesting diagnostic tool for @entity1 with early @entity309 , although this study revealed limitations concerning the detection of @entity603 . Further research is needed to evaluate its full diagnostic potential in @entity627 .

title: Near-infrared Fluorescence Optical Imaging in Early XXXX : A Comparison to Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['PIP joints', 'MCP', 'metacarpophalangeal joints', 'regard to MCP and PIP joints']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11570 ( @entity4 ) often occurs during systemic inflammatory conditions, such as @entity295 . @entity6026 is a proinflammatory cytokine and is an apoptotic mediator during @entity5694 , but the role of @entity6026 in response to @entity32 in the testes was unclear. Wild type and @entity6026 knockout (KO) @entity19 were injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce @entity5694 and examined 12 and 48 hours after LPS administration to model the acute and recovery phases of @entity5694 . Caspase activation was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Protein and mRNA expression were examined by western blot and quantitative reverse-transcriptase, real-time PCR, respectively. During the acute phase of @entity5694 , apoptosis (as indicated by @entity185 cleavage) was increased in WT @entity19 but not in @entity6026 KO @entity19 . The @entity204 receptor-mediated and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathways were both activated in the WT @entity19 but not in the KO @entity19 . During the recovery phase of @entity5694 , apoptosis was observed in the @entity6026 KO @entity19 but not in the WT @entity19 . Activation of the @entity204 -receptor mediated apoptotic pathway could be seen in the @entity6026 KO @entity19 but not the WT @entity19 . These results suggested that endogenous @entity6026 induces germ cell apoptosis via @entity204 receptor mediated- and mitochondrial-mediated pathways during the acute phase of @entity5694 and suppresses germ cell apoptosis via @entity204 -receptor mediated pathways during recovery from @entity5694 . Taken together, @entity6026 could be a new therapeutic target to prevent @entity11570 during @entity5694 .

title: Endogenous XXXX Regulates Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis during @entity5694 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['testicular swelling']

entities_list: @entity11570 :: ('MESH:D009920', 'Disease') :: ['orchitis', 'Orchitis']

answer: @entity6026 :: (16173(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Interleukin-18']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11570 ( @entity4 ) often occurs during systemic inflammatory conditions, such as @entity295 . @entity6026 is a proinflammatory cytokine and is an apoptotic mediator during @entity5694 , but the role of @entity6026 in response to @entity32 in the testes was unclear. Wild type and @entity6026 knockout (KO) @entity19 were injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce @entity5694 and examined 12 and 48 hours after LPS administration to model the acute and recovery phases of @entity5694 . Caspase activation was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Protein and mRNA expression were examined by western blot and quantitative reverse-transcriptase, real-time PCR, respectively. During the acute phase of @entity5694 , apoptosis (as indicated by @entity185 cleavage) was increased in WT @entity19 but not in @entity6026 KO @entity19 . The @entity204 receptor-mediated and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathways were both activated in the WT @entity19 but not in the KO @entity19 . During the recovery phase of @entity5694 , apoptosis was observed in the @entity6026 KO @entity19 but not in the WT @entity19 . Activation of the @entity204 -receptor mediated apoptotic pathway could be seen in the @entity6026 KO @entity19 but not the WT @entity19 . These results suggested that endogenous @entity6026 induces germ cell apoptosis via @entity204 receptor mediated- and mitochondrial-mediated pathways during the acute phase of @entity5694 and suppresses germ cell apoptosis via @entity204 -receptor mediated pathways during recovery from @entity5694 . Taken together, @entity6026 could be a new therapeutic target to prevent @entity11570 during @entity5694 .

title: Endogenous @entity6026 Regulates Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis during XXXX .

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['Endotoxemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) is characterized by typical symptoms that are dependent on @entity32 . Poly- @entity566 is a frequent phenomenon. Phenotyping @entity2023 represents an up-to-date issue. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the number of @entity566 is able to define different phenotypes in @entity1 with @entity2023 . METHODS: 83 @entity1 (43 males, mean age 34.7 years) suffering from @entity2023 were evaluated. Sensitization, VAS for nasal symptoms perception, and nasal cytology were evaluated. RESULTS: Poly- @entity56 @entity1 perceived more severe nasal obstruction than mono- @entity56 ones (p  =  0.0006) as well as they had more frequent sneezing (p  <  0.0001). Moreover, poly- @entity56 @entity1 had a more intense inflammatory infiltrate, concerning both eosinophils (p  =  0.0005) and mast cells (p  =  0.0001), than mono- @entity56 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that the presence of poly- @entity566 could define a distinct @entity2023 phenotype in comparison with mono- @entity566 . It could be clinically relevant as poly- @entity56 @entity1 have more intense @entity32 and more severe symptoms than mono- @entity56 ones.

title: XXXX phenotypes based on mono- @entity566 or poly- @entity566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['Allergic rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) is characterized by typical symptoms that are dependent on @entity32 . Poly- @entity566 is a frequent phenomenon. Phenotyping @entity2023 represents an up-to-date issue. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the number of @entity566 is able to define different phenotypes in @entity1 with @entity2023 . METHODS: 83 @entity1 (43 males, mean age 34.7 years) suffering from @entity2023 were evaluated. Sensitization, VAS for nasal symptoms perception, and nasal cytology were evaluated. RESULTS: Poly- @entity56 @entity1 perceived more severe nasal obstruction than mono- @entity56 ones (p  =  0.0006) as well as they had more frequent sneezing (p  <  0.0001). Moreover, poly- @entity56 @entity1 had a more intense inflammatory infiltrate, concerning both eosinophils (p  =  0.0005) and mast cells (p  =  0.0001), than mono- @entity56 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that the presence of poly- @entity566 could define a distinct @entity2023 phenotype in comparison with mono- @entity566 . It could be clinically relevant as poly- @entity56 @entity1 have more intense @entity32 and more severe symptoms than mono- @entity56 ones.

title: @entity2023 phenotypes based on mono- XXXX or poly- @entity566 .

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) is characterized by typical symptoms that are dependent on @entity32 . Poly- @entity566 is a frequent phenomenon. Phenotyping @entity2023 represents an up-to-date issue. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the number of @entity566 is able to define different phenotypes in @entity1 with @entity2023 . METHODS: 83 @entity1 (43 males, mean age 34.7 years) suffering from @entity2023 were evaluated. Sensitization, VAS for nasal symptoms perception, and nasal cytology were evaluated. RESULTS: Poly- @entity56 @entity1 perceived more severe nasal obstruction than mono- @entity56 ones (p  =  0.0006) as well as they had more frequent sneezing (p  <  0.0001). Moreover, poly- @entity56 @entity1 had a more intense inflammatory infiltrate, concerning both eosinophils (p  =  0.0005) and mast cells (p  =  0.0001), than mono- @entity56 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that the presence of poly- @entity566 could define a distinct @entity2023 phenotype in comparison with mono- @entity566 . It could be clinically relevant as poly- @entity56 @entity1 have more intense @entity32 and more severe symptoms than mono- @entity56 ones.

title: @entity2023 phenotypes based on mono- @entity566 or poly- XXXX .

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: AIM: Rare diseases are a serious public health concern and are a priority in the EU. This study aims to develop policy recommendations for @entity395 centres of expertise (CoEs) in order to improve standards and quality of care. SUBJECT AND METHODS: A modified 3-round Delphi technique was used. @entity1 included @entity395 @entity1 , carers, @entity1 representatives and healthcare professionals (HCPs) from CoEs in two countries-Denmark and the UK. RESULTS: The results suggest the need to make improvements within current CoE environments, access to CoEs and the need for coordination and cooperation of services within and outside CoEs. It is recommended that CoEs are not overly 'medicalised', while at the same time they should be established as research facilities. The importance of including @entity1 representatives in CoE performance management was also highlighted. Raising awareness and provision of appropriate training amongst non-specialist HCPs is seen as a priority for early and correct diagnosis and ensuring high quality care. Similarly, provision of targeted information about @entity1 ' illness and care was considered essential along with access to social assistance within CoEs. CONCLUSIONS: Policy recommendations were developed in areas previously recognised as having gaps. Their implementation is expected to strengthen and improve current care provision for @entity395 @entity1 . In member states where national plans and strategies are being developed, it is recommended to replicate the methodological approach used in this study as it has proven to be a helpful tool in @entity395 centres of expertise policy development.

title: Policy recommendations for XXXX centres of expertise.

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease', 'rare diseases']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

answer: @entity395 :: (MESH:D035583,Disease) :: ['rare disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prophylactic proctocolectomy with an ileoanal neo-reservoir is the established procedure in non-attenuated @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). Traditionally, the ileal J-pouch is created by doubling 15  cm of the terminal ileum. Pouch inlet problems are not infrequently encountered in longer pouches. On this rationale, this series reports on the functional outcome and quality of life (QoL) following standardized construction of a @entity2418 with a limb of 8-9  cm length. METHODS: All @entity1 of a single-surgeon series with @entity1412 who underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic proctocolectomy and small ileal pouch-anal @entity254 as the primary procedure between 10/2005 and 04/2010 and responded to the questionnaire were included and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 46 @entity1 (78  %) out of the consecutive series who underwent operation in this period were included in the study. After a mean follow-up of 38  months, 40/46 @entity1 (87  %) did not report any @entity322 and 3 @entity1 (6.5  %) complained about occasional nocturnal @entity322 (3 failed to answer this question). The mean stool frequency per 24  h was 6.25. No significant difference was encountered between the QoL outcome of our @entity1 versus the German normative population. Comparable results were achieved in a study analyzing the long-term results in @entity1412 @entity1 with a 15-cm pouch. CONCLUSIONS: Smaller, 8-9  cm J-pouches show excellent functional results both in short- and in long-term results. The hand-assisted procedure was safe and no conversions were required. QoL is equal to a normative population, as it is in a series of @entity1 with larger J-pouches.

title: Prophylactic surgery in XXXX ( @entity1412 )-a single surgeon's short- and long-term experience with hand-assisted proctocolectomy and smaller J-pouches.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['shorter J-pouch']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prophylactic proctocolectomy with an ileoanal neo-reservoir is the established procedure in non-attenuated @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). Traditionally, the ileal J-pouch is created by doubling 15  cm of the terminal ileum. Pouch inlet problems are not infrequently encountered in longer pouches. On this rationale, this series reports on the functional outcome and quality of life (QoL) following standardized construction of a @entity2418 with a limb of 8-9  cm length. METHODS: All @entity1 of a single-surgeon series with @entity1412 who underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic proctocolectomy and small ileal pouch-anal @entity254 as the primary procedure between 10/2005 and 04/2010 and responded to the questionnaire were included and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 46 @entity1 (78  %) out of the consecutive series who underwent operation in this period were included in the study. After a mean follow-up of 38  months, 40/46 @entity1 (87  %) did not report any @entity322 and 3 @entity1 (6.5  %) complained about occasional nocturnal @entity322 (3 failed to answer this question). The mean stool frequency per 24  h was 6.25. No significant difference was encountered between the QoL outcome of our @entity1 versus the German normative population. Comparable results were achieved in a study analyzing the long-term results in @entity1412 @entity1 with a 15-cm pouch. CONCLUSIONS: Smaller, 8-9  cm J-pouches show excellent functional results both in short- and in long-term results. The hand-assisted procedure was safe and no conversions were required. QoL is equal to a normative population, as it is in a series of @entity1 with larger J-pouches.

title: Prophylactic surgery in @entity1412 ( XXXX )-a single surgeon's short- and long-term experience with hand-assisted proctocolectomy and smaller J-pouches.

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['FAP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumour relapse is recognized to be the prime fatal burden in @entity1 affected by @entity213 ( @entity213 ), but no discrete molecular trait has yet been identified to make reliable early predictions of @entity5 recurrence. Expression of cell surface proteoglycans (PGs) is frequently altered in @entity189 and several of them are gradually emerging as key prognostic factors. METHODS: A PG expression analysis at both mRNA and protein level, was pursued on primary lesions derived from 173 @entity213 @entity1 from whom full clinical history and 2  years post-surgical follow-up was accessible. Gene and protein expression data were correlated with clinical traits and previously proposed @entity5 relapse markers to stratify high-risk @entity1 subgroups. RESULTS: @entity213 were indeed found to exhibit a widely aberrant PG expression pattern characterized by a variable expression of all PGs and a characteristic de novo transcription/translation of @entity72075 , @entity27362 and @entity28557 / @entity28557 respectively in 36%, 72% and 71% on 119 cases. Importantly, expression of @entity28557 / @entity28557 , on neoplastic cells and in the intralesional stroma (Hazard Ratio [HR], 6.76, p   =   0.017) was strongly associated with loco-regional relapse, whereas stromal enrichment of @entity13222 (HR, 7.652, p   =   0.007) was independently tied to lymphnodal infiltration and disease-related @entity204 . Conversely, down-regulated @entity13221 transcript (HR, 0.232, p   =   0.013) uniquely correlated with formation of distant metastases. Altered expression of PGs significantly correlated with the above disease outcomes when either considered alone or in association with well-established predictors of poor prognosis (i.e. T classification, previous occurrence of @entity1613 and lymphnodal @entity3 ). Combined alteration of all three PGs was found to be a reliable predictor of shorter survival. CONCLUSIONS: An unprecedented PG-based prognostic portrait is unveiled that incisively diversifies disease course in @entity213 @entity1 beyond the currently known clinical and molecular biomarkers.

title: Proteoglycan-based diversification of disease outcome in head and neck cancer @entity1 identifies XXXX / @entity28557 and @entity13222 as unique relapse and overall survival predicting factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC lesions', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity28557 :: (1464,Gene) :: ['NG2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumour relapse is recognized to be the prime fatal burden in @entity1 affected by @entity213 ( @entity213 ), but no discrete molecular trait has yet been identified to make reliable early predictions of @entity5 recurrence. Expression of cell surface proteoglycans (PGs) is frequently altered in @entity189 and several of them are gradually emerging as key prognostic factors. METHODS: A PG expression analysis at both mRNA and protein level, was pursued on primary lesions derived from 173 @entity213 @entity1 from whom full clinical history and 2  years post-surgical follow-up was accessible. Gene and protein expression data were correlated with clinical traits and previously proposed @entity5 relapse markers to stratify high-risk @entity1 subgroups. RESULTS: @entity213 were indeed found to exhibit a widely aberrant PG expression pattern characterized by a variable expression of all PGs and a characteristic de novo transcription/translation of @entity72075 , @entity27362 and @entity28557 / @entity28557 respectively in 36%, 72% and 71% on 119 cases. Importantly, expression of @entity28557 / @entity28557 , on neoplastic cells and in the intralesional stroma (Hazard Ratio [HR], 6.76, p   =   0.017) was strongly associated with loco-regional relapse, whereas stromal enrichment of @entity13222 (HR, 7.652, p   =   0.007) was independently tied to lymphnodal infiltration and disease-related @entity204 . Conversely, down-regulated @entity13221 transcript (HR, 0.232, p   =   0.013) uniquely correlated with formation of distant metastases. Altered expression of PGs significantly correlated with the above disease outcomes when either considered alone or in association with well-established predictors of poor prognosis (i.e. T classification, previous occurrence of @entity1613 and lymphnodal @entity3 ). Combined alteration of all three PGs was found to be a reliable predictor of shorter survival. CONCLUSIONS: An unprecedented PG-based prognostic portrait is unveiled that incisively diversifies disease course in @entity213 @entity1 beyond the currently known clinical and molecular biomarkers.

title: Proteoglycan-based diversification of disease outcome in head and neck cancer @entity1 identifies @entity28557 / XXXX and @entity13222 as unique relapse and overall survival predicting factors.

answer: @entity28557 :: (1464,Gene) :: ['CSPG4']