abstract: The effect of energy substrate depletion and of high @entity880 (LA) load on the development of irreversible cell injury was evaluated in the lateral gastrocnemius muscle of @entity95 subjected to 4 hr of tourniquet hindlimb @entity63 . Three groups of animals were studied. Group I, high @entity855 - @entity63 , these animals were subjected to 4 hr of @entity63 ; group II, low @entity855 --low LA @entity63 , in this group the gastrocnemius muscle was electrically stimulated for 5 min during @entity63 conditions to reduce the glycogen store, a short reperfusion period was allowed after the stimulation in order to wash out the built up LA, and the muscle was then subjected to 4 hr of @entity63 ; group III, low @entity855 --high LA @entity63 , in this group glycogen was depleted as in group II, but no reperfusion period was allowed before the 4 hr period of @entity63 . In group I, @entity855 levels were well preserved during the @entity63 period, whereas in the substrate-deprived groups (II and III) a rapid depletion of @entity855 and @entity1734 (CP) occurred. The LA was twice as high in the "high LA" group (III) as in the "low LA" group (II) during the @entity63 period. The extent of injury was evaluated after 24 hr of reperfusion by measuring @entity855 and CP content, and contractile force and by light microscopy. No or minor cell damage was found in group I. In group III--high LA--no recovery was obtained in any of the variables used for evaluation. In group II--Low LA--there was a certain recovery. @entity855 and CP increased to about 35% and contractile force to 25% of control. Morphologically about 20% of the muscle cells appeared to be unaffected by the @entity63 insult. It is concluded that reduction of the glycogen available for @entity855 resynthesis during the @entity63 period drastically reduces the ability of skeletal muscle to withstand prolonged @entity63 . A high LA load seems to amplify the deleterious effects of a low initial substrate level.

title: Influence of tissue @entity880 and @entity855 levels on postischemic recovery in XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The effect of energy substrate depletion and of high @entity880 (LA) load on the development of irreversible cell injury was evaluated in the lateral gastrocnemius muscle of @entity95 subjected to 4 hr of tourniquet hindlimb @entity63 . Three groups of animals were studied. Group I, high @entity855 - @entity63 , these animals were subjected to 4 hr of @entity63 ; group II, low @entity855 --low LA @entity63 , in this group the gastrocnemius muscle was electrically stimulated for 5 min during @entity63 conditions to reduce the glycogen store, a short reperfusion period was allowed after the stimulation in order to wash out the built up LA, and the muscle was then subjected to 4 hr of @entity63 ; group III, low @entity855 --high LA @entity63 , in this group glycogen was depleted as in group II, but no reperfusion period was allowed before the 4 hr period of @entity63 . In group I, @entity855 levels were well preserved during the @entity63 period, whereas in the substrate-deprived groups (II and III) a rapid depletion of @entity855 and @entity1734 (CP) occurred. The LA was twice as high in the "high LA" group (III) as in the "low LA" group (II) during the @entity63 period. The extent of injury was evaluated after 24 hr of reperfusion by measuring @entity855 and CP content, and contractile force and by light microscopy. No or minor cell damage was found in group I. In group III--high LA--no recovery was obtained in any of the variables used for evaluation. In group II--Low LA--there was a certain recovery. @entity855 and CP increased to about 35% and contractile force to 25% of control. Morphologically about 20% of the muscle cells appeared to be unaffected by the @entity63 insult. It is concluded that reduction of the glycogen available for @entity855 resynthesis during the @entity63 period drastically reduces the ability of skeletal muscle to withstand prolonged @entity63 . A high LA load seems to amplify the deleterious effects of a low initial substrate level.

title: Influence of tissue @entity880 and XXXX levels on postischemic recovery in @entity95 skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: The effect of energy substrate depletion and of high @entity880 (LA) load on the development of irreversible cell injury was evaluated in the lateral gastrocnemius muscle of @entity95 subjected to 4 hr of tourniquet hindlimb @entity63 . Three groups of animals were studied. Group I, high @entity855 - @entity63 , these animals were subjected to 4 hr of @entity63 ; group II, low @entity855 --low LA @entity63 , in this group the gastrocnemius muscle was electrically stimulated for 5 min during @entity63 conditions to reduce the glycogen store, a short reperfusion period was allowed after the stimulation in order to wash out the built up LA, and the muscle was then subjected to 4 hr of @entity63 ; group III, low @entity855 --high LA @entity63 , in this group glycogen was depleted as in group II, but no reperfusion period was allowed before the 4 hr period of @entity63 . In group I, @entity855 levels were well preserved during the @entity63 period, whereas in the substrate-deprived groups (II and III) a rapid depletion of @entity855 and @entity1734 (CP) occurred. The LA was twice as high in the "high LA" group (III) as in the "low LA" group (II) during the @entity63 period. The extent of injury was evaluated after 24 hr of reperfusion by measuring @entity855 and CP content, and contractile force and by light microscopy. No or minor cell damage was found in group I. In group III--high LA--no recovery was obtained in any of the variables used for evaluation. In group II--Low LA--there was a certain recovery. @entity855 and CP increased to about 35% and contractile force to 25% of control. Morphologically about 20% of the muscle cells appeared to be unaffected by the @entity63 insult. It is concluded that reduction of the glycogen available for @entity855 resynthesis during the @entity63 period drastically reduces the ability of skeletal muscle to withstand prolonged @entity63 . A high LA load seems to amplify the deleterious effects of a low initial substrate level.

title: Influence of tissue XXXX and @entity855 levels on postischemic recovery in @entity95 skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity4838 are not able to detect volatile chemicals signaling the presence of infectious and non-infectious environmental hazards, which typically elicit disgust and fear, respectively. Social animals may compensate a loss of olfaction by taking advantage of signals of threat that are produced by their conspecifics. Among @entity1 and other primates, body postures and facial expressions are powerful cues conveying emotional information, including fear and disgust. The aim of the present study was to examine whether @entity1 with agenesis of the olfactory bulb, a @entity395 characterized by @entity22056 , would be more accurate in recognizing facial expressions of fear and disgust. A total of 90 @entity1 with no history of @entity146 or @entity131 were recruited, including 17 @entity1 with @entity22056 (10 @entity1 , mean age  standard deviation: 36.5  14.8 years), 34 @entity1 with acquired @entity4838 (18 @entity1 , mean age  standard deviation: 57.2  11.8 years) and 39 healthy subjects (22 @entity1 , mean age  standard deviation: 36.7  13.2 years). For each @entity1 with @entity22056 , the agenesis of the olfactory bulb was ascertained through magnetic resonance imaging. Emotion recognition abilities were examined with a dynamic paradigm in which a morphing technique allowed displaying emotional facial expressions increasing in intensity over time. Adjusting for age, education, @entity308 and @entity148 , @entity1 with @entity22056 required similar levels of intensity to correctly recognize fear and disgust than healthy subjects while they displayed @entity1168 for both fear (mean difference [95% confidence interval]=-28.3% [-46.3%, -10.2%], P=0.003) and disgust (mean difference [95% confidence interval]=-15.8% [-31.5%, -0.2%], P=0.048). Furthermore, among @entity1 with acquired @entity4838 , there was a negative correlation between duration of @entity4838 and the rate of errors for fearful (Spearman's   =-0.531, P=0.001) or disgust (Spearman's   =-0.719, P<0.001) faces recognition. No significant difference was observed for the other primary emotions. Overall, these results suggest that @entity1 with @entity22056 and long-lasting acquired @entity4838 may compensate their inability to detect environmental hazards through olfaction by an increased ability to detect fear or disgust as facially expressed by others.

title: XXXX and emotion recognition: A case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'humans', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity22056 :: ('MESH:C535983', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anosmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreased error rates']

answer: @entity22056 :: (MESH:C535983,Disease) :: ['Congenital anosmia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The management of major @entity8 has shifted in the last decade in favor of a nonoperative approach. Our level 1 @entity130 center promotes this approach with the objective of renal function preservation. However, certain situations still require surgery. In this study we analyze predictors of surgery and long-term outcomes after conservative management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2004 to March 2015 we prospectively collected data from all @entity1 admitted to our institution for high grade blunt @entity8 (grades IV and V). Nonoperative management was considered successful when @entity1 did not undergo surgical exploration, regardless of angioembolization or endoscopic treatment. RESULTS: Of 306 @entity1 with @entity8 151 presented with major @entity130 , including 124 grade IV and 27 grade V. Nonoperative management was successful in 110 (89%) cases of grade IV and 14 (52%) cases of grade V lesions. Deceleration mechanism (p=0.03), associated lesions (p=0.001), percentage of devitalized parenchyma (p=0.012), angioembolization (p <0.001), @entity1344 (p <0.001) and low hemoglobin (p=0.001) were more frequent in @entity1 treated surgically. On multivariate analysis grade (OR 7.36, p=0.01) and @entity1344 (OR 4.18, p=0.04) were the only independent predictors of surgical treatment. Long-term followup of preserved kidneys revealed a remaining 40% and 0% relative renal function after grade IV and V @entity130 , respectively. Only devascularized parenchyma greater than 25% predicted the decline of long-term renal function. CONCLUSIONS: Nonoperative management can and should be performed safely in cases of grade IV @entity130 whenever possible, with valuable long-term renal function. It can also be initiated in grade V cases. However, surgeons should consider nephrectomy with the onset of any suspicious symptoms.

title: High Grade Blunt Renal XXXX : Predictors of Surgery and Long-Term Outcomes of Conservative Management. A Prospective Single Center Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: By means of the @entity10810 in toto staining method retroperitoneal paraganglia and the peripheral autonomic nervous system in @entity1 fetuses have been investigated. Many small retroperitoneal paraganglia are present near the sympathetic trunks close to the sympathetic trunk @entity21 . In the thoracic region small paraganglia are present in the intercostal spaces. Small splanchnic nerves entering small paraganglia have been described. In the lower sacral region no paraganglia are present. The major splanchnic nerve arises at various levels from the sympathetic trunks as well as many @entity1514 . Intermediate @entity21 are present in the major @entity129 and the communicating rami. In the sympathetic trunks many @entity21 are fused. In the @entity1 fetus there exists a large variability in number and diameter of the communicating rami. Interconnecting bundles of nerve fibers between the left and right sympathetic trunks are present at all levels, but most numerous at the sacral level.

title: Retroperitoneal paraganglia and the peripheral autonomic nervous system in the XXXX fetus.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic nerve, the smaller splanchnic nerves']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['smaller thoracic splanchnic nerves']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a six-week indoor hand-bike exercise program on fasting @entity2690 and homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA-IR) levels and physical fitness in @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). DESIGN: Randomized Controlled Trial. SETTING: National Rehabilitation Center (Outpatient). @entity1 : Fifteen @entity1 with @entity1566 (exercise group: eight, control group: seven). INTERVENTIONS: This study involved 60-minute exercise sessions on an indoor hand-bike. @entity1 in the exercise group exercised three times per week for six weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Health parameters [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, percent body fat, @entity2690 level, and HOMA-IR level] and fitness outcomes [Peak @entity26 consumption (VO2 peak), shoulder abduction and adduction, shoulder flexion and extension, elbow flexion and extension]. RESULTS: Participation in a six-week exercise program using an indoor hand-bike significantly decreased BMI (baseline: 22.0  3.7 m/kg(2) vs. post-intervention: 21.7  3.5 m/kg(2), p=0.028), fasting @entity2690 (baseline: 5.4  2.9  U/ml vs. post-intervention: 3.4  1.5  U/ml, p=0.036), and HOMA-IR (baseline: 1.0  0.6 vs. post-intervention: 0.6  0.3, p=0.030) levels compared to those in the control group. Furthermore, this training program significantly increased VO2 peak and strength in shoulder abduction, adduction, flexion and extension, and elbow flexion and extension compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise using an indoor hand-bike appears to be an effective modality to improve body composition, fasting @entity2690 and HOMA-IR levels, and fitness in @entity1 with a @entity1566 .

title: Effects of a Six-week Indoor Hand-bike Exercise Program on Health and Fitness Levels in @entity1 with XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a six-week indoor hand-bike exercise program on fasting @entity2690 and homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA-IR) levels and physical fitness in @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). DESIGN: Randomized Controlled Trial. SETTING: National Rehabilitation Center (Outpatient). @entity1 : Fifteen @entity1 with @entity1566 (exercise group: eight, control group: seven). INTERVENTIONS: This study involved 60-minute exercise sessions on an indoor hand-bike. @entity1 in the exercise group exercised three times per week for six weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Health parameters [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, percent body fat, @entity2690 level, and HOMA-IR level] and fitness outcomes [Peak @entity26 consumption (VO2 peak), shoulder abduction and adduction, shoulder flexion and extension, elbow flexion and extension]. RESULTS: Participation in a six-week exercise program using an indoor hand-bike significantly decreased BMI (baseline: 22.0  3.7 m/kg(2) vs. post-intervention: 21.7  3.5 m/kg(2), p=0.028), fasting @entity2690 (baseline: 5.4  2.9  U/ml vs. post-intervention: 3.4  1.5  U/ml, p=0.036), and HOMA-IR (baseline: 1.0  0.6 vs. post-intervention: 0.6  0.3, p=0.030) levels compared to those in the control group. Furthermore, this training program significantly increased VO2 peak and strength in shoulder abduction, adduction, flexion and extension, and elbow flexion and extension compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise using an indoor hand-bike appears to be an effective modality to improve body composition, fasting @entity2690 and HOMA-IR levels, and fitness in @entity1 with a @entity1566 .

title: Effects of a Six-week Indoor Hand-bike Exercise Program on Health and Fitness Levels in XXXX with @entity1566 : A Randomized Controlled Trial Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of @entity1 with a sacral @entity3580 and the surgical management of locally recurrent disease. Between October 1990 and August 2013 we operated on 54 consecutive @entity1 with a sacral @entity3580 . There were 34 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 with a mean age of 60 years (25 to 86). The mean maximum diameter of the @entity5 was 9.3 cm (3 to 20). The mean follow-up was 7.8 years (2 months to 23.4 years). The disease-specific survival was 82% at five years, 57% at ten years and 45% at 15 years. The local recurrence-free survival was 49% at five years, 37% at ten years and 20% at 15 years. Local recurrence occurred in 30 @entity1 (56%) at a mean of 3.8 years (3 months to 13 years) post-operatively. Survival after the treatment of recurrence was 89% at two years, 56% at five years and 19% at ten years. Of nine @entity1 who had complete resection of a recurrence, one died after 72 months and eight remain disease-free. Incomplete resection of recurrent disease resulted in a survival of 54% at two years and 36% at five years. For 12 @entity1 with a local recurrence who were treated palliatively, survival was 81% at two years and 31% at five years. A wide margin of resection gave the best chance of long-term survival and complete resection of local recurrence the best chance of control of disease.

title: Can local recurrence of a sacral XXXX be treated by further surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a well-developed theory-based function-focused care for cognitively impaired (FFC-CI) intervention on eating performance among long-term care (LTC) residents with moderate-to-severe @entity73 . DESIGN: A secondary analysis of longitudinal data from 2 cluster-randomized controlled trials that originally tested the impact of FFC-CI on all function and physical activities. @entity1 AND SETTING: @entity1 were 199 residents with moderate-to-severe @entity73 from 4 nursing homes and 4 assisted living facilities. MEASUREMENTS: Data at baseline, and 3 and 6  months were used. Resident outcome data used in this analysis included eating performance conceptualized using the single self-care "feeding" item in the Barthel Index, cognitive function by Mini-Mental State Examination, sitting balance conceptualized using the single "chair sit-sitting balance" item in the Tinetti Gait and Balance scale, physical capability by Physical Capability Scale, @entity308 by Cornell Scale for @entity308 in @entity303 , and @entity2146 by Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (short form). RESULTS: At baseline, almost one-third (32.2%) of the 199 residents needed help with eating. There was no significant change with regard to eating performance over time in both groups, and no significant treatment by time difference between groups in eating performance (P  =  .195). CONCLUSION: Current findings support a need to revise the FFC-CI to better address eating performance. Future work may benefit from a stronger focus on eating performance rather than the more commonly addressed functional tasks, such as bathing, dressing, and ambulation. In addition, the inclusion of a more heterogeneous group of LTC residents with regard to eating performance is needed to test the impact of the revised approach on eating performance.

title: Optimizing Eating Performance for Long-Term Care Residents With XXXX : Testing the Impact of Function-Focused Care for Cognitively Impaired.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 delivered by cesarean are a unique subset of postoperative @entity1 with possible complications that include postpartum @entity548 and @entity158 . A potential nonpharmacologic way to reduce these complications is with an abdominal binder: a soft, elastic band that can provide circumferential compression on the wound. METHODS: @entity1 scheduled for cesarean delivery were randomized to receive a binder or to a control group (no binder). @entity158 levels were reported by questionnaire 1 day after surgery using a 0-10 scale. @entity1 characteristics and @entity190 were assessed by medical record review. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted despite the fact that four @entity1 in the control group received a binder. RESULTS: Of the 56 @entity1 completing the study, 29 (51.8%) were randomized to the binder group and 27 (48.2%) were randomized to the control group. Indications for cesarean delivery were previous cesarean delivery (n=50, 89.3%) or breech presentation (n=6, 10.7%). Most @entity1 received an epidural (n=55, 98.2%). There was no difference in body mass index, age, previous surgery, neonatal birth weight, or estimated @entity190 between randomization groups. @entity158 score (1.66 compared with 2.56 for the binder and control groups, respectively, P=.019) and average @entity158 score (3.45 compared with 4.48 for the binder and control groups, respectively, P=.024) were significantly lower in the treatment group. There was no difference in preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels by treatment group. CONCLUSION: Abdominal binders improved @entity158 scores but did not affect postoperative @entity548 . As a result of the small sample size, further confirmation of these outcomes is desirable.

title: Do Elastic Abdominal Binders Reduce Postoperative Pain and XXXX ?: A Randomized Controlled Trial [146].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'Lowest pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['Blood Loss']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Group B @entity5967 ( @entity5967 , @entity5011 ) has been a recognized cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality since the 1970s. Antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines have been established by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (the College) to reduce early onset of @entity5011 . However, adherence to the established guidelines in some instances may be suboptimal. @entity1 in active labor or those having ruptured membranes before unscheduled cesarean delivery may not receive recommended prophylactic antibiotics. METHODS: A retrospective, consecutive medical record review of @entity5011 -positive @entity1 at term gestation who delivered by unscheduled cesarean delivery between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, was conducted. Records were eligible for review if @entity1 were 37-39 weeks of gestation at the time of unscheduled primary or repeat cesarean delivery, @entity5011 culture-positive status, and either had spontaneous rupture of membranes or active labor before cesarean delivery. Compliance was determined based on evidence of appropriate antibiotics for @entity5011 (taking @entity566 into consideration) according to College guidelines. RESULTS: Of 115 cases reviewed, 83 (72.2%) cases were primary and 32 (27.8%) were repeat cesarean delivery. At delivery, @entity1 averaged 38 1/7 weeks of gestation. Thirty-five cases (30.4%) were considered noncompliant with College guidelines for @entity5011 . Of those noncompliant, 28 instances (80%) were because no antibiotics were given for @entity5011 and seven @entity1 (20%) received inappropriate antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Adherence to College @entity5011 prophylaxis guidelines is inadequate before unscheduled cesarean delivery, and additional interventions, education, and training are needed to improve compliance.

title: Compliance With Guidelines on Group B XXXX Sepsis Prophylaxis Among @entity1 Requiring Unscheduled Cesarean Delivery [147].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'GBS sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae', 'streptococcus']

answer: @entity5967 :: (1311,Species) :: ['Streptococcus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Group B @entity5967 ( @entity5967 , @entity5011 ) has been a recognized cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality since the 1970s. Antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines have been established by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (the College) to reduce early onset of @entity5011 . However, adherence to the established guidelines in some instances may be suboptimal. @entity1 in active labor or those having ruptured membranes before unscheduled cesarean delivery may not receive recommended prophylactic antibiotics. METHODS: A retrospective, consecutive medical record review of @entity5011 -positive @entity1 at term gestation who delivered by unscheduled cesarean delivery between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, was conducted. Records were eligible for review if @entity1 were 37-39 weeks of gestation at the time of unscheduled primary or repeat cesarean delivery, @entity5011 culture-positive status, and either had spontaneous rupture of membranes or active labor before cesarean delivery. Compliance was determined based on evidence of appropriate antibiotics for @entity5011 (taking @entity566 into consideration) according to College guidelines. RESULTS: Of 115 cases reviewed, 83 (72.2%) cases were primary and 32 (27.8%) were repeat cesarean delivery. At delivery, @entity1 averaged 38 1/7 weeks of gestation. Thirty-five cases (30.4%) were considered noncompliant with College guidelines for @entity5011 . Of those noncompliant, 28 instances (80%) were because no antibiotics were given for @entity5011 and seven @entity1 (20%) received inappropriate antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Adherence to College @entity5011 prophylaxis guidelines is inadequate before unscheduled cesarean delivery, and additional interventions, education, and training are needed to improve compliance.

title: Compliance With Guidelines on Group B @entity5967 Sepsis Prophylaxis Among XXXX Requiring Unscheduled Cesarean Delivery [147].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: Coexistence of @entity438 and @entity2998 may be encountered in clinical practice. Theoretical increase in aneurysmal blood flow may increase risk of @entity2998 is treated first. If @entity439 coiling is performed first, @entity64 risk may increase while repeatedly crossing the diseased artery. It is controversial which disease to treat first, and whether it is safe to treat both simultaneously via endovascular procedures. We document the safety and feasibility of such an approach. Review of collected neurointerventional database at our institution was performed for @entity1 who underwent both carotid artery stenting (CAS) and @entity439 ( @entity439 ) simultaneously. All @entity1 underwent carotid stenting followed by @entity439 coiling in the same setting. Demographic, clinical data, and outcome measures including success rate and periprocedural complications were collected. Five hundred and ninety @entity439 coiling were screened for @entity1 who underwent combined CAS and @entity439 . Ten @entity1 were identified. Mean age was 67.7   years (range 51-89). The success rate for stenting and coiling was 100% with no immediate complications. The coiling procedure time was extended by an average of 45   min for performing both procedures jointly. No @entity64 , TIAs, or aneurysmal rebleeding was found on their most recent follow up. Our case series demonstrates that it is safe and feasible to perform CAS and @entity439 simultaneously as one procedure which may avoid unwanted risk of treating either disease at two separate time sessions.

title: Safety and feasibility of simultaneous ipsilateral proximal carotid artery stenting and XXXX coiling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease', 'rupture if carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm coil embolization', 'ACE', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity311 and @entity2348 account for most @entity204 in developing countries. Prompt treatment saves lives, but rapid deterioration often prevents the use of oral therapies; delays in reaching health facilities providing parenteral interventions are common. Rapidly and reliably absorbed antimalarial/antibacterial rectal formulations used in the community could prevent @entity204 and disabilities. Rectal antimalarial treatments are currently available; rectal antibacterial treatments are yet to be developed. Assessment of the likely cost-effectiveness of these interventions will inform research priorities and implementation. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The burden of @entity311 and @entity2348 worldwide and in Sub-Saharan and Southern Africa (SSA) and South and South-East Asia (SEA) was summarised using published data. The additional healthcare costs (US ) per @entity204 and per Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) avoided following pre-referral treatment of severe @entity221 with rectal antimalarials, antibacterials or combined antimalarial/antibacterials in populations at @entity311 risk in SSA/SEA were assessed. 46 million severe @entity311 and @entity2348 and 5 million @entity204 occur worldwide each year, mostly in SSA/SEA. At annual delivery costs of  0.02/capita and 100% coverage, rectal antimalarials ( 2 per dose) would avert 240,000 @entity204 in SSA and 7,000 @entity204 in SEA at  5 and  177 per DALY avoided, respectively; rectal antibacterials ( 2 per dose) would avert 130,000 @entity204 in SSA and 27,000 @entity204 in SEA at  19 and  97 per DALY avoided, respectively. Combined rectal formulations ( 2.50 per dose) would avert 370,000 @entity204 in SSA and 33,000 @entity204 in SEA at  8 and  79 per DALY avoided, respectively, and are a cost-effective alternative to rectal antimalarials or antibacterials alone. CONCLUSIONS: Antimalarial, antibacterial and combined rectal formulations are likely to be cost-effective interventions for severe @entity221 in the community. Attention should focus on developing effective rectal antibacterials and ensuring that these lifesaving treatments are used in a cost-effective manner.

title: Cost-effectiveness of pre-referral antimalarial, antibacterial, and combined rectal formulations for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease deaths', 'death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['febrile illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity99 , a rare and aggressive @entity409 , is difficult to diagnose because of a lack of specific clinical features. The clinical and radiological features of @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity99 were examined. METHODS: Among 2,336 @entity1 diagnosed with primary @entity96 at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center (Daegu, Korea) between May 2002 and February 2012, eight (0.03%) with histologically confirmed primary @entity99 were included. The patterns of disease diagnosis, @entity5 characteristics, treatment responses, and prognoses were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Median age was 66 years-old (range, 41-80 years). Four @entity1 were male. Five @entity1 were compulsive drinkers. All @entity1 had no HBsAg and anti-HCV. Initial radiologic diagnoses revealed primary @entity99 (n=2), @entity157 (n=2), @entity2695 (n=2), and hepatic @entity189 (n=2). Definitive diagnoses were made by percutaneous needle biopsies in seven @entity1 and surgical resection in one @entity1 . At the time of the initial diagnosis, extrahepatic metastases were detected in three @entity1 (37.5%). Metastatic sites included the spleen and lung, pericardium, and bone, in one @entity1 each. Two @entity1 underwent conservative treatments. The remaining @entity1 underwent surgical resection (n=1), transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (n=1), and systemic chemotherapy (n=4). The median survival period was 214 days (range, 21-431 days). CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 is a highly progressive disease with a poor prognosis. Detailed studies including histological examinations are essential to facilitate early diagnosis of the disease.

title: Clinical courses of primary XXXX : retrospective analysis of eight cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic angiosarcoma', 'hepatic angiosarcoma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic angiosarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The treatment of choice for @entity10516 ( @entity10516 ) has not yet been established. There are limited data on the use of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in the treatment of @entity10516 . Herein, we investigated the role of @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity10516 @entity1 . METHODS: We present four new cases of @entity10516 treated with @entity1500 and a review of the English language literature concerning the use of @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity10516 . RESULTS: We prospectively investigated the clinicopathological features of four female @entity1 (aged 28-37 years) who were multiparous and had used oral contraceptives. The @entity1 were administered 7.5-15 mg @entity1500 over 2-6 months. No recurrence was detected during the follow-up period of 4-8 months. In five published studies on @entity1500 use in @entity10516 , data were available for 12 @entity1 aged 21-40 years. In nine @entity1 , treatment was changed to @entity1500 because of a lack of response to @entity230 , recurrence or @entity134 -induced @entity6 . @entity230 were used in combination with @entity1500 as an initial treatment choice in three @entity1 . Satisfactory results were achieved in ten @entity1 treated with @entity1500 , and only two demonstrated recurrence despite the treatment and underwent mastectomy. CONCLUSION: @entity1500 in the present cases of @entity10516 was effective, prevented complications and limited @entity228 side effects.

title: Is XXXX an acceptable treatment in the management of @entity10516 ?

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity10516 :: ('MESH:D058890', 'Disease') :: ['IGM', 'idiopathic granulomatous mastitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The treatment of choice for @entity10516 ( @entity10516 ) has not yet been established. There are limited data on the use of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in the treatment of @entity10516 . Herein, we investigated the role of @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity10516 @entity1 . METHODS: We present four new cases of @entity10516 treated with @entity1500 and a review of the English language literature concerning the use of @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity10516 . RESULTS: We prospectively investigated the clinicopathological features of four female @entity1 (aged 28-37 years) who were multiparous and had used oral contraceptives. The @entity1 were administered 7.5-15 mg @entity1500 over 2-6 months. No recurrence was detected during the follow-up period of 4-8 months. In five published studies on @entity1500 use in @entity10516 , data were available for 12 @entity1 aged 21-40 years. In nine @entity1 , treatment was changed to @entity1500 because of a lack of response to @entity230 , recurrence or @entity134 -induced @entity6 . @entity230 were used in combination with @entity1500 as an initial treatment choice in three @entity1 . Satisfactory results were achieved in ten @entity1 treated with @entity1500 , and only two demonstrated recurrence despite the treatment and underwent mastectomy. CONCLUSION: @entity1500 in the present cases of @entity10516 was effective, prevented complications and limited @entity228 side effects.

title: Is @entity1499 an acceptable treatment in the management of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity10516 :: (MESH:D058890,Disease) :: ['idiopathic granulomatous mastitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the clinical outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept therapy in eyes with refractory and recurrent neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) switched from intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of eyes with @entity1020 switched to intravitreal aflibercept with at least 1 year of follow-up after the switch. All @entity1 had had a minimum of 3 injections of bevacizumab or ranibizumab before the switch. Aflibercept was used in @entity1 considered refractory to bevacizumab (group 1) and in recurrent @entity1 on therapy with ranibizumab due to an institutional policy decision (group 2). Changes in best-corrected visual acuity, fluid on optical coherence tomography (OCT), central retinal thickness (CRT) and the frequency of injections were compared. RESULTS: Eighty-five eyes of 69 @entity1 were analyzed, 39 eyes in group 1 and 46 in group 2. The mean follow-up time was 31.6 months prior to the switch and 14.7 months on treatment with aflibercept. One year after the switch, there was a nonsignificant mean decrease of 2 letters in visual acuity in both groups (group 1: from 58.2 to 55.8 letters, p = 0.086; group 2: from 56.4 to 54.5 letters, p = 0.168), but the mean number of injections per month was significantly lower (from 0.76 to 0.57, p < 0.001). With the switch, 90.6% of the @entity1 showed anatomic improvement with a reduction of fluid on OCT, and both groups presented significant improvement in CRT (group 1: 65.3   m, p = 0.051; group 2: 91.0   m, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Aflibercept appears to be a valuable tool for the management of @entity1 with poor responses to other anti- @entity7 drugs. These @entity1 could have anatomic improvement, and the injection intervals could be extended.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Switch to Aflibercept in the Treatment of Neovascular XXXX : One-Year Results in Clinical Practice.

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular AMD', 'AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['AMD']


abstract: Reported mechanical properties of orbital connective tissue and fat have been too sparse to model strain-stress relationships underlying biomechanical interactions in strabismus. We performed rheological tests to develop a multi-mode @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) model of these tissues under shear loading. From 20 fresh @entity291 orbits, 30 samples of connective tissue were taken from rectus pulley regions and 30 samples of fatty tissues from the posterior orbit. Additional samples were defatted to determine connective tissue weight proportion, which was verified histologically. Mechanical testing in shear employed a triborheometer to perform: strain sweeps at 0.5-2.0  Hz; shear stress relaxation with 1% strain; viscometry at 0.01-0.5  s(-1) strain rate; and shear oscillation at 1% strain. Average connective tissue weight proportion was 98% for predominantly connective tissue and 76% for fatty tissue. Connective tissue specimens reached a long-term relaxation modulus of 668  Pa after 1,500  s, while corresponding values for fatty tissue specimens were 290  Pa and 1,100  s. Shear stress magnitude for connective tissue exceeded that of fatty tissue by five-fold. Based on these data, we developed a multi-mode @entity1729 model with variable viscosities and time constants, and a damped hyperelastic response that accurately described measured properties of both connective and fatty tissues. Model parameters differed significantly between the two tissues. Viscoelastic properties of predominantly connective orbital tissues under shear loading differ markedly from properties of orbital fat, but both are accurately reflected using @entity1729 models. These viscoelastic models will facilitate realistic global modeling of EOM behavior in binocular alignment and strabismus.

title: Viscoelastic properties of XXXX orbital connective tissue and fat: constitutive models.

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper convected Maxwell', 'UCM']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: The most well-known cause of chemotherapy-induced @entity1370 is @entity632 ( @entity3105 ). The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the main cellular machinery for protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. However, the expression pattern of the UPS in @entity3105 -induced @entity1370 remains unclear. C57BL/6 @entity19 were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of @entity3105 (15mg/kg). After 1, 3 and 5 days, cardiac function and apoptosis were detected with echocardiography and TUNEL assay. Microarray assay and qPCR analysis were also performed at day 5. We found that @entity3105 caused a significant decrease in cardiac function at day 5 and increase in cardiomyocyte apoptosis at days 3 and 5. Microarray data revealed that totally 1185 genes were significantly regulated in @entity3105 -treated heart, and genes involved in apoptosis and the UPS were mostly altered. Among them, the expression of 3 immunoproteasome catalytic subunits (b1i, b2i and b5i) was markedly down-regulated. Moreover, @entity3105 significantly decreased proteasome activities and enhanced polyubiquitinated proteins in the heart. Importantly, overexpression of immunoproteasome catalytic subunits (b1i, b2i or b5i) significantly attenuated @entity3105 -induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and other UPS gene expression while knockdown of them significantly increased @entity3105 -induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These effects were partially associated with increased degradation of multiple pro-apoptotic proteins. In conclusion, our studies suggest that immunoproteasome plays an important role in @entity3105 -induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and may be a novel therapeutic target for prevention of @entity3105 -induced @entity1370 .

title: Gene expression profiling identifies the novel role of immunoproteasome in @entity632 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiotoxicity']


abstract: The most well-known cause of chemotherapy-induced @entity1370 is @entity632 ( @entity3105 ). The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the main cellular machinery for protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. However, the expression pattern of the UPS in @entity3105 -induced @entity1370 remains unclear. C57BL/6 @entity19 were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of @entity3105 (15mg/kg). After 1, 3 and 5 days, cardiac function and apoptosis were detected with echocardiography and TUNEL assay. Microarray assay and qPCR analysis were also performed at day 5. We found that @entity3105 caused a significant decrease in cardiac function at day 5 and increase in cardiomyocyte apoptosis at days 3 and 5. Microarray data revealed that totally 1185 genes were significantly regulated in @entity3105 -treated heart, and genes involved in apoptosis and the UPS were mostly altered. Among them, the expression of 3 immunoproteasome catalytic subunits (b1i, b2i and b5i) was markedly down-regulated. Moreover, @entity3105 significantly decreased proteasome activities and enhanced polyubiquitinated proteins in the heart. Importantly, overexpression of immunoproteasome catalytic subunits (b1i, b2i or b5i) significantly attenuated @entity3105 -induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and other UPS gene expression while knockdown of them significantly increased @entity3105 -induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These effects were partially associated with increased degradation of multiple pro-apoptotic proteins. In conclusion, our studies suggest that immunoproteasome plays an important role in @entity3105 -induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and may be a novel therapeutic target for prevention of @entity3105 -induced @entity1370 .

title: Gene expression profiling identifies the novel role of immunoproteasome in XXXX -induced @entity1370 .

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) implantation is one of the most often performed operations in general surgery (over 100,000/year in Germany). The two main approaches for TIVAP placement are insertion into the cephalic vein through an @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) or closed cannulation technique of the subclavian vein (CC) with Seldinger technique. Both procedures are performed with high success rates and very low complication frequencies. Because of the low incidence of complications, no single interventional trial is able to report a valid comparison of peri- and @entity260 frequencies between both techniques. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize evidence for peri- and @entity260 rates in @entity1 undergoing @entity1467 or CC. METHODS/DESIGN: A systematic literature search will be conducted in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Embase to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational clinical studies (OCS), or case series (CS) reporting peri- and/or @entity260 of at least one implantation technique. A priori defined data will be extracted from included studies, and methodological quality will be assessed. Event rates with their 95% confidence intervals will be derived taking into account the follow-up time per study by @entity1 -months where appropriate. Pooled estimates of event rates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals will be calculated on the base of the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation within a random effect model framework. DISCUSSION: The findings of this systematic review with proportional meta-analysis will help to identify the procedure with the best benefit/risk ratio for TIVAP implantation. This may have influence on daily practice, and data may be implemented in treatment guidelines. Considering the impact of TIVAP implantation on @entity1 ' well being together with its socioeconomic relevance, @entity1 will benefit from evidence-based treatment and health-care costs may also be reduced. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42013005180.

title: Closed cannulation of subclavian vein vs open cut-down of cephalic vein for totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) implantation: protocol for a systematic review and proportional meta-analysis of perioperative and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'open cut-down technique']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postmastectomy breast reconstruction is an important component of @entity0 care, but few receive it at the time of the mastectomy. Virtually nothing is known about receipt of reconstruction after initial @entity5 therapy and why treatment might be delayed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 5-year follow-up survey was mailed to a population-based cohort of mastectomy-treated @entity0 @entity1 who were initially surveyed at time of diagnosis in 2002 and reported to the Los Angeles and Detroit SEER registries (N  =  645, response rate 60%). Outcomes were receipt of reconstruction (immediate [IR], delayed [DR], or none) and @entity1 appraisal of their treatment decisions. RESULTS: About one-third (35.9%) had IR, 11.5% had DR, and 52.6% had no reconstruction. One-third delayed reconstruction because they focused more on other @entity5 interventions, and nearly half were concerned about surgical complications and interference with @entity5 surveillance. Two-thirds of those with no reconstruction said that the procedure was not important to them. A large proportion of all @entity1 were satisfied with their reconstruction decision-making (89.4% IR, 78.4% DR, 80.4% no reconstruction, P  =  NS). However, only 59.3% of those with no reconstruction felt that they were adequately informed about their reconstructive options (vs 82.7% IR and 78.4% DR, P  <  .01). CONCLUSIONS: There was modest uptake of breast reconstruction after initial @entity5 treatment. Factors associated with delayed reconstruction were primarily related to uncertainty about the procedure, concern about @entity5 surveillance, and low priority. Those without reconstruction demonstrated significant informational needs, which should be addressed with future research efforts.

title: Receipt of delayed breast reconstruction after mastectomy: do XXXX revisit the decision?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: 1. The membrane properties of the longitudinal muscle layer of the @entity840 rectum were studied in @entity4372 solution (twice the normal Krebs by addition of @entity969 ) by the micro-electrode technique. To produce the electrotonic potential and spike, stimulating partitions were used.2. @entity4372 solution hyperpolarized the membrane and increased the membrane resistance. However, no change in the space constant was observed before and after treatment with @entity4372 solution.3. The appearance and amplitude of the spike became regular after treatment with @entity4372 solution and appearance of the overshoot was consistent.4. The characteristic constants and the conduction velocity were measured in @entity4372 solution.(i) The space constant of the membrane was 0.81 mm, the time constant of the electrotonic potential was 83.7 msec and the time constant of the foot of the propagated spike was 8.8 msec.(ii) The conduction velocity of the excitation measured by insertions of the two micro-electrodes was 4.4 cm/sec.(iii) The chronaxie of the membrane was 71.3 msec.5. The results obtained from the present experiments were discussed in relation to the cable theory, and it was concluded that the passive properties of the membrane of the rectal smooth muscle could be explained by the cable equations.6. The specificities of the electrical properties of rectal smooth muscle were compared with muscle from other regions of the alimentary canal.

title: Biophysical properties of the longitudinal smooth muscle of the XXXX rectum.

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic', 'Hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: 1. Changes in the endocochlear potential between the 8th and 18th days after birth were investigated in the @entity35 . Initially the potential was low but its magnitude increased rapidly between the 11th and 16th day. During the 13th and 14th days the rate of increase was approximately 1 mV/hr.2. The rapid potential increase arose virtually simultaneously in all three turns of the cochlea.3. Histological examination revealed the cochlea, including the hair cells of Corti's organ and the stria vascularis, to be fully mature before the period of rapid change in the endocochlear potential, apart from the cells of Claudius, whose final development coincided with the latter part of this phase.4. The endolymphatic @entity1372 concentration (average 1.0 m-equiv/l.) had attained the very low adult level in the earliest period studied. The @entity972 and @entity2865 concentrations were slightly below the normal adult levels, the result of some degree of general @entity9680 present at this time.5. The endolymphatic ionic concentrations remained unchanged during the phase of rapid increase in the endocochlear potential.6. The findings thus indicate that the distinctive endolymphatic ionic composition and the endocochlear potential arise largely independently and in succession during cochlear maturation.7. No differences in osmotic pressure were demonstrated between endolymph, perilymph and serum. The problems concerning the homoeostasis of the inner ear fluids do not consequently seem to be complicated by unusual hydrodynamic aspects.8. Alterations in body fluid osmolality, produced by intraperitoneal injection of water or hypertonic @entity653 , were accompanied by simultaneous changes in the osmotic pressures of the inner ear fluids. Some portion of the membranes bounding the endolymphatic space is therefore considered to be freely permeable to water.9. The investigations provide no further information about the nature of the endocochlear potential, although an increase in the electrical resistance of the cochlear duct membranes is thought responsible for its appearance. The time relationships of this period support the concept that the potential is an essential feature of the mechano-electric transduction process.

title: A study of the electrochemistry and osmotic relationships of the cochlear fluids in the neonatal XXXX at the time of the development of the endocochlear potential.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['hypo-osmolality']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability over time of the individually defined interval of intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR) for the treatment of recurrent @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) in central @entity2994 (CRVO). @entity1 and Methods: A case series of treatment na  ve @entity1 followed in the Jules Gonin Eye Hospital for @entity1103 due to central @entity2994 is presented. @entity1 were treated monthly with IVR until complete absence of fluid on qualitative SD-OCT with a minimum of 5 monthly IVR. Thereafter, they were followed according to a modified treat and extend regimen ( @entity21324 ). Results: Twelve eyes (12 @entity1 ) with @entity1103 due to CRVO were included. The mean follow-up period was 31.3 months. Analysis showed that best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness and qualitative spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed comparable results under monthly interval, after titration of an individualized interval and when performed in a series. 78% of treating intervals were within      2 weeks of the first individually adjusted interval. The mean first defined interval was 4.3 weeks and the mean interval over time was 5.5 weeks (p   =   0.003). There was a trend towards longer interval over time. Conclusion: The adjusted interval of retreatment of @entity1 with @entity1103 due to CRVO showed a high stability with a trend toward longer duration over time. An @entity21324 regimen seems to be valuable to follow @entity1 with @entity1103 with good stabilization of VA.

title: Recurrent XXXX in Central @entity2994 Treated with Intravitreal Ranibizumab using a Modified Treat and Extend Regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['ME', 'macular edema']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['Macular Edema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability over time of the individually defined interval of intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR) for the treatment of recurrent @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) in central @entity2994 (CRVO). @entity1 and Methods: A case series of treatment na  ve @entity1 followed in the Jules Gonin Eye Hospital for @entity1103 due to central @entity2994 is presented. @entity1 were treated monthly with IVR until complete absence of fluid on qualitative SD-OCT with a minimum of 5 monthly IVR. Thereafter, they were followed according to a modified treat and extend regimen ( @entity21324 ). Results: Twelve eyes (12 @entity1 ) with @entity1103 due to CRVO were included. The mean follow-up period was 31.3 months. Analysis showed that best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness and qualitative spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed comparable results under monthly interval, after titration of an individualized interval and when performed in a series. 78% of treating intervals were within      2 weeks of the first individually adjusted interval. The mean first defined interval was 4.3 weeks and the mean interval over time was 5.5 weeks (p   =   0.003). There was a trend towards longer interval over time. Conclusion: The adjusted interval of retreatment of @entity1 with @entity1103 due to CRVO showed a high stability with a trend toward longer duration over time. An @entity21324 regimen seems to be valuable to follow @entity1 with @entity1103 with good stabilization of VA.

title: Recurrent @entity1103 in Central XXXX Treated with Intravitreal Ranibizumab using a Modified Treat and Extend Regimen.

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['Retinal Vein Occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To calculate the numbers of @entity281 and prevalence of @entity311 , and to predict future trend of @entity311 incidences in South Korea. METHODS: Weekly incidences of @entity311 for 13 years from the period 2001-2013 in South Korea were analyzed. The back-calculation equations were used with incubation period distributions. The maximum likelihood estimation for Poisson model was also used. The confidence intervals of the estimates were obtained by a bootstrap method. A regression model for time series of @entity311 incidences over 13 years was fitted by the non-linear least squares method, and used to predict futuretrend. RESULTS: The estimated @entity281 curve is narrower and more concentrated in the summer than in the incidence distribution. Infection started around the 19th week and was over around the 41st week. The maximum weekly @entity281 110 was obtained at the 29th week. The prevalence at the first week was around 496 @entity1 , the minimum number was 366 at 22nd week, and the maximum prevalence was 648 at 34th week. Prevalence drops in late spring with @entity1 that falling ill and had had long incubation periods and rose in the summer with new @entity281 . Our future forecast based on the regression model was that an increase at year 2014 compared to 2013 may reach a peak (at maximum about 70 weekly cases) at year 2015, with a decreasing trend after then. CONCLUSIONS: This work shows that back-calculation methods could work well in estimating the @entity281 rates and the prevalence of @entity311 . The obtained results can be useful in establishing an efficient preventive program for @entity281 . The method presented here can be used in other countries where incidence data and incubation period are available.

title: Statistical estimations for Plasmodium vivax XXXX in South Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['weekly infections', 'infection', 'infections', 'malaria infection']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To investigate the cardiac computed tomographic (CT) findings and clinical implications of @entity2070 in @entity1 who have undergone aortic valve replacement. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and the need to obtain written informed consent was waived. From April 2011 to March 2012, 88 @entity1 (mean age, 63 years; 45 @entity1 ) with a prosthetic aortic valve who underwent @entity299 were retrospectively selected. Dynamic @entity299 images were analyzed by using a multiplanar reformatted technique. The presence or absence of @entity2070 and its extent were evaluated at @entity299 . The geometric orifice area and the effective orifice area of each prosthetic valve were measured to enable analysis of the @entity2070 encroachment ratio in the systolic phase. Hemodynamic parameters at echocardiography, including mean transprosthetic pressure gradient (MTPG), were compared between @entity1 with and those without @entity2070 . The encroachment ratio and the MTPG were correlated by using the Spearman test to evaluate the relationship between the two variables. Results Seventeen @entity1 (19%) had @entity2070 at @entity299 . In @entity1 with @entity2070 , MTPG, peak pressure gradient, transvalvular peak velocity, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were significantly higher than in @entity1 without @entity2070 (MTPG: 28.1 mm Hg    19.8 [standard deviation] vs 14.0 mm Hg    6.5, P = .004; peak pressure gradient: 53.1 mm Hg    38.4 vs 26.1 mm Hg    11.4, P = .004; transvalvular peak velocity: 3.3 m/sec    1.3 vs 2.5 m/sec    0.5; and LVEF: 64.7%    7.4 vs 56.8%    10.5, P = .004). A high MTPG (>= 40 mm Hg) was observed in four @entity1 at echocardiography, and subprosthetic panni were identified at CT in all four @entity1 . In @entity1 with increased MTPGs, the encroachment ratio by @entity2070 at CT was significantly higher than that in @entity1 with MTPGs of less than 40 mm Hg (42.7    13.3 vs 7.6    3, P = .012). Conclusion Cardiac CT revealed @entity2070 to be a cause of the hemodynamic changes in @entity1 who had undergone aortic valve replacement. By helping quantify the encroachment ratio by @entity2070 , @entity299 may help differentiate which subprosthetic panni might lead to substantial flow limitation over the prosthetic aortic valve. (  ) RSNA, 2015.

title: XXXX after Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery: Cardiac CT Findings and Clinical Features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['subprosthetic pannus', 'pannus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac CT']

answer: @entity2070 :: (MESH:C537858,Disease) :: ['Subprosthetic Pannus']


abstract: The aggregation of @entity8095 (a- @entity15735 ) is linked to @entity191 . The mechanism of @entity1423 steps and the effect of pathogenic single-point mutations remain elusive. We report here a single-molecule fluorescence study of a- @entity15735 dimerization and the effect of mutations. Specific interactions between tethered fluorophore-free a- @entity15735 monomers on a substrate and fluorophore-labeled monomers diffusing freely in solution were observed using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that wild-type (WT) a- @entity15735 dimers adopt two types of dimers. The lifetimes of type 1 and type 2 dimers were determined to be 197    3  ms and 3334    145  ms, respectively. All three of the mutations used, @entity20097 , @entity34716 , and @entity20098 , increased the lifetime of type 1 dimer and enhanced the relative population of type 2 dimer, with type 1 dimer constituting the major fraction. The kinetic stability of type 1 dimers (expressed in terms of lifetime) followed the order @entity20097 (693    14  ms) > @entity34716 (292    5  ms) > @entity20098 (226    6  ms) > WT (197    3  ms). Type 2 dimers, which are more stable, had lifetimes in the range of several seconds. The strongest effect, observed for the @entity20097 mutant, resulted in a lifetime 3.5 times higher than observed for the WT type 1 dimer. This mutation also doubled the relative fraction of type 2 dimer. These data show that single-point mutations promote dimerization, and they suggest that the structural heterogeneity of a- @entity15735 dimers could lead to different aggregation pathways.

title: Direct Detection of XXXX Dimerization Dynamics: Single-Molecule Fluorescence Analysis.

entities_list: @entity34716 :: ('p|SUB|E|46|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E46K']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['early aggregation']

entities_list: @entity20097 :: ('p|SUB|A|30|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A30P']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity8095 :: (6622,Gene) :: ['a-Synuclein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The nodal status of primary @entity14 is of prognostic value for survival after the resection for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, in the past decade, effective adjuvant chemotherapy for lymph node positive primary @entity694 was introduced. This study evaluated the prognostic value of primary lymph node status in @entity1 with resectable metachronous CRLM in the @entity7971 of effective systemic therapy. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2011, all consecutive @entity1 undergoing curative liver resection for CRLM were retrospectively analyzed. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by the localization of the @entity5 (colon vs. rectum) and by lymph node status (positive vs. negative) of the @entity5 . RESULTS: A total of 286 @entity1 with metachronous CRLM's were selected. Five-year OS was similar for colon and rectal primaries (42 and 40%, p = 0.62). Lymph node positivity was only a prognostic factor in rectal primaries (N+ 32% vs. N0 49%, p = 0.04) and not in colon primaries (N+ 42% vs. N0 41%, p = 0.99). In multivariate analysis, these results were confirmed. CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrates that the nodal status of primary @entity694 does not have prognostic value in @entity1 undergoing resection for metachronous CRLM. A possible explanation might be the administration of effective adjuvant chemotherapy in node positive @entity694 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The Prognostic Value of the @entity5 's Nodal Status after Surgery for Colorectal Liver Metastases in the XXXX of Effective Systemic Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon malignancies']

answer: @entity7971 :: (26284,Gene) :: ['Era']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The nodal status of primary @entity14 is of prognostic value for survival after the resection for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, in the past decade, effective adjuvant chemotherapy for lymph node positive primary @entity694 was introduced. This study evaluated the prognostic value of primary lymph node status in @entity1 with resectable metachronous CRLM in the @entity7971 of effective systemic therapy. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2011, all consecutive @entity1 undergoing curative liver resection for CRLM were retrospectively analyzed. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by the localization of the @entity5 (colon vs. rectum) and by lymph node status (positive vs. negative) of the @entity5 . RESULTS: A total of 286 @entity1 with metachronous CRLM's were selected. Five-year OS was similar for colon and rectal primaries (42 and 40%, p = 0.62). Lymph node positivity was only a prognostic factor in rectal primaries (N+ 32% vs. N0 49%, p = 0.04) and not in colon primaries (N+ 42% vs. N0 41%, p = 0.99). In multivariate analysis, these results were confirmed. CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrates that the nodal status of primary @entity694 does not have prognostic value in @entity1 undergoing resection for metachronous CRLM. A possible explanation might be the administration of effective adjuvant chemotherapy in node positive @entity694 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The Prognostic Value of the XXXX 's Nodal Status after Surgery for Colorectal Liver Metastases in the @entity7971 of Effective Systemic Therapy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Primary Tumor']


abstract: AIMS: Adipocytes play a critical role in energy balance. Growth of fat tissue is achieved via an increase in adipocyte mass and the formation of newly differentiated adipocytes from precursor cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation is crucial for the study of @entity28 - and fat-related diseases. The present study was designed to study whether small heterodimer partner-interacting @entity368 zipper protein ( @entity72059 ), a novel co-repressor, could regulate differentiation of adipocyte in 3T3-L1 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Treatment of endoplasmic stress inducers, @entity2426 and @entity2425 , inhibited adipocyte differentiation, stimulated @entity72059 mRNA expression, and repressed the expression of adiponectin ( @entity30206 ) in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte. Overexpression of @entity72059 in 3T3-L1 cells decreased the expression of the mRNA encoding @entity30206 , a major marker of adipocytes, significantly. Furthermore, knockdown of @entity72059 recovered the @entity2426 -mediated repression of @entity30206 transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that @entity72059 interacted physically with PPARy in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that @entity72059 suppressed the binding affinity of PPARy for the @entity30206 promoter. KEY FINDINGS: we demonstrate that @entity72059 controls adipocyte differentiation by regulating the transactivity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy). SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that @entity72059 represses adipocyte differentiation by regulating PPARy transactivity; hence, @entity72059 is a potential regulator of PPARy-related diseases.

title: Small heterodimer partner-interacting XXXX zipper protein inhibits adipogenesis by regulating Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y activity.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity2425 :: ('MESH:D014415', 'Chemical') :: ['tunicamycin']

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['leucine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the comparative effectiveness of current standard treatment, against an individually tailored behavioural programme delivered via the Internet or face-to-face for @entity1 with acute @entity7125 associated disorders. DESIGN: A multicentre, randomized, three-group design, with concealed allocation. SUBJECTS AND SETTINGS: A total of 55 @entity1 (37 female), age 18-65, with acute @entity74 (Grade I-II), recruited at two emergency clinics in Sweden. INTERVENTIONS: Before randomization all @entity1 received standard self-care instructions. The Internet and face-to-face groups followed a seven-week behavioural programme involving individual tailoring, via email (Internet group), or in sessions at a physical therapy unit (face-to-face group). The control group only received the self-care instructions. MAIN MEASURES: @entity158 , @entity158 intensity, self-efficacy in daily activities, catastrophizing and fear of movement/(re)injury. Assessments were performed at baseline (2-4   weeks postinjury) and at three, six and 12   months postintervention. RESULTS: Both the Internet (n   =   16) and face-to-face (n   =   14) group showed a larger decrease in @entity158 than the control group (n   =   16); -12 and -11, respectively, compared with -5 in the control group at 12-months follow-up. Significant differences between the groups in overall treatment effect were shown in all outcomes except @entity158 intensity. All groups improved significantly over time in all outcomes, except for fear of movement/(re)injury and catastrophizing in the control group. CONCLUSION: An individually tailored behavioural programme improved biopsychosocial factors in @entity1 with @entity7125 associated disorders up to 12   months after treatment. Internet-delivered intervention was as effective as clinic-based face-to-face therapy sessions.

title: What is the comparative effectiveness of current standard treatment, against an individually tailored behavioural programme delivered either on the Internet or face-to-face for @entity1 with acute XXXX ? A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Whiplash Associated Disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain-related disability', 'pain-related disability', 'pain']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['whiplash associated disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the comparative effectiveness of current standard treatment, against an individually tailored behavioural programme delivered via the Internet or face-to-face for @entity1 with acute @entity7125 associated disorders. DESIGN: A multicentre, randomized, three-group design, with concealed allocation. SUBJECTS AND SETTINGS: A total of 55 @entity1 (37 female), age 18-65, with acute @entity74 (Grade I-II), recruited at two emergency clinics in Sweden. INTERVENTIONS: Before randomization all @entity1 received standard self-care instructions. The Internet and face-to-face groups followed a seven-week behavioural programme involving individual tailoring, via email (Internet group), or in sessions at a physical therapy unit (face-to-face group). The control group only received the self-care instructions. MAIN MEASURES: @entity158 , @entity158 intensity, self-efficacy in daily activities, catastrophizing and fear of movement/(re)injury. Assessments were performed at baseline (2-4   weeks postinjury) and at three, six and 12   months postintervention. RESULTS: Both the Internet (n   =   16) and face-to-face (n   =   14) group showed a larger decrease in @entity158 than the control group (n   =   16); -12 and -11, respectively, compared with -5 in the control group at 12-months follow-up. Significant differences between the groups in overall treatment effect were shown in all outcomes except @entity158 intensity. All groups improved significantly over time in all outcomes, except for fear of movement/(re)injury and catastrophizing in the control group. CONCLUSION: An individually tailored behavioural programme improved biopsychosocial factors in @entity1 with @entity7125 associated disorders up to 12   months after treatment. Internet-delivered intervention was as effective as clinic-based face-to-face therapy sessions.

title: What is the comparative effectiveness of current standard treatment, against an individually tailored behavioural programme delivered either on the Internet or face-to-face for XXXX with acute @entity74 ? A randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the growing use of various types of industrial and agricultural machinery, occupational accidents are among the most serious ones and quite frequently result in the permanent posttraumnatic disability of the injured @entity1 . In Poland, a replantation service has been operating since 2010. Each day, one out of six centres provides emergency replantation service accepting amputation calls from across the country. @entity1 qualified for replantation often need to be transported from places located even several hundred kilometres from the target hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysis covered 174 @entity341 ( @entity341 ) missions and 112 interhospital transports. The data were obtained as a result of a retrospective analysis of the air and medical documentation of 23 460 missions carried out by the Polish Medical Air Rescue (Samodzielny Publiczny @entity22757  ad Opieki Zdrowotnej Lotnicze Pogotowie Ratunkowe - SP ZOZ LPR) aircrafts in the years 2011-2013. RESULTS: In the period under study, the Polish Medical Air Rescue helicopters dressed 135 @entity1 with @entity2045 amputations at the scene and transported them to hospitals as part of @entity341 missions. At the same time, SP ZOZ LPR aircrafts made 102 interhospital transports. Ninety @entity1 were qualified for treatment in replantation service centres. The average air transport time was 76 min, while the total transport time was 172.3 min. With transport exceeding 300 kin, the average time advantage over the ground transport was approximately 1.5 h. CONCLUSIONS: In justified cases, the use of helicopters and airplanes is an optimal method of transporting @entity1 with the major @entity130 to upper extremities.

title: [Rescue procedures in the major XXXX of upper extremities - the role of the Polish medical air rescue in the therapeutic process].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Helicopter Emergency Medical Service', 'HEMS']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2724 frequently begins in childhood, and is characterized by excessive @entity25 , with the presence of @entity2725 reflecting a more severe phenotype. @entity2724 may result from genetic predisposition involving deregulation of immune pathways, particularly involving T helper 2 cells (Th2). Increased activation of Th2 cells is usually manifested as @entity56 such as @entity2490 , @entity483 , and @entity565 . We hypothesized that the presence of @entity56 indicative of increased Th2 balance may dampen the severity of the phenotype in @entity1 with @entity2724 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of childhood @entity2724 @entity1 was conducted at three major pediatric sleep centers. @entity1 were divided into those with @entity2724 without @entity2725 (NC-) and @entity2724 with @entity2725 (NC+). Demographics, polysomnographic and Multiple Sleep Latency Test data, and extraction of information on the presence of @entity56 such @entity2023 , @entity483 , and @entity565 was performed. RESULTS: There were 468 @entity1 identified, with 193 @entity1 in NC- group and 275 @entity1 in the NC+ group. Overall, NC+ @entity1 were significantly younger, had higher body mass index, and had shorter mean sleep latencies and increased sleep onset rapid eye movement events. The frequency of @entity56 , particularly @entity565 and @entity2023 , was markedly lower in NC+ (58/275) compared to NC- @entity1 (94/193; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Involvement of the immune system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of @entity2724 . Current findings further suggest that an increased shift toward Th2, as indicated by the presence of @entity56 , may modulate the severity of the phenotype in childhood @entity2724 , and reduce the prevalence of @entity2725 in these @entity1 .

title: Allergies and Disease Severity in XXXX : Preliminary Findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2725 :: ('MESH:D002385', 'Disease') :: ['cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy', 'Narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic conditions']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['Childhood Narcolepsy']


abstract: Purpose: The American Society of Anesthesia practice guidelines recommend that pediatric and adult @entity1 who undergo ambulatory surgery be screened for @entity27 (OSA). With this in mind, our objective was to assess the frequency of screening by anesthesia providers for the signs and symptoms of OSA in @entity1 undergoing surgery in an ambulatory setting. Methods: Prospective single-blinded observational study of anesthesia providers' preoperative interview of caregivers of consecutive @entity1 younger than age 18 who were scheduled for ambulatory surgery. Results: One hundred one @entity1 (30 females) were identified, with a mean age of 6.9    5.0 years; 54 were classified as white, 33 as black, and 14 as other. Total OSA-18 scores ranged from 18 to 97, with a mean of 33.1    14.8. The mean score for adenotonsillectomy @entity1 was higher than that for @entity1 who underwent procedures other than adenotonsillectomy. Thirty-one percent of @entity1 were screened for OSA, and snoring was the most common symptom recorded (28%). @entity1 who were screened for OSA were more likely to have snoring (p < 0.001), known OSA (p = 0.006), and a scheduled adenotonsillectomy (p = 0.02). Conclusion: OSA was not routinely screened for by anesthesia providers prior to ambulatory pediatric surgery. When screening did occur, "snoring" was the most commonly recorded symptom. Paradoxically, @entity1 with undiagnosed OSA who would benefit the most from screening were the least likely to be screened. Commentary: A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 697.

title: Screening for XXXX before Ambulatory Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea']


abstract: @entity625 ( @entity625 ) of the shoulder is a rare disease. Here, we report two cases, with different destruction patterns, which were most probably due to @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ). Case 1 involved a 77-year-old @entity1 with right shoulder @entity158 . Rapid destruction of both the humeral head and glenoid was seen within 1 month of the onset of shoulder @entity158 . We diagnosed shoulder @entity625 and performed a hemiarthroplasty. Case 2 involved a 74-year-old @entity1 with left shoulder @entity158 . Humeral head collapse was seen within 5 months of @entity158 onset, without glenoid destruction. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a @entity236 pattern with an associated subchondral low-intensity band, typical of SIF. Total shoulder arthroplasty was performed in this case. Shoulder @entity625 occurs as a result of SIF in elderly @entity1 ; the progression of the joint destruction is more rapid in cases with @entity1642 of both the humeral head and the glenoid. Although shoulder @entity625 is rare, this disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute onset shoulder @entity158 in elderly female @entity1 with @entity170 and @entity1143 .

title: Rapid destruction of the humeral head caused by XXXX : a report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['persistent joint effusion']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Rapidly destructive arthritis', 'RDA']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['SIFs', 'subchondral insufficiency fractures']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['subchondral insufficiency fracture']


abstract: The aim of the study was to test the performance of a new definition of @entity209 ( @entity209 ), which better describes metabolic dysfunction in @entity1 . Methods. 15,794 youths aged 6-18 years participated. Mean z-score for CVD risk factors was calculated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate which parameters best described the metabolic dysfunction by analysing the score against independent variables not included in the score. Results. More youth had clustering of CVD risk factors (>6.2%) compared to the number selected by existing @entity209 (International @entity6 Federation (IDF) < 1%). Waist circumference and BMI were interchangeable, but using insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) instead of fasting @entity413 increased the score. The continuous @entity209 score was increased when @entity410 ( @entity410 ) and leptin were included. A mean z-score of 0.40-0.85 indicated borderline and above 0.85 indicated clustering of risk factors. A noninvasive risk score based on adiposity and @entity410 showed sensitivity and specificity of 0.85 and an area under the curve of 0.92 against IDF definition of @entity209 . Conclusions. Diagnosis for @entity209 in youth can be improved by using continuous variables for risk factors and by including @entity410 and leptin.

title: A new approach to define and diagnose cardiometabolic disorder in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS', 'MetS definitions']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Bioactive compounds from edible plants have limited efficacy in treating advanced @entity5 , but they have potential to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs in a combined treatment. An aqueous extract of berries of Pimenta dioica (Allspice) shows promise as one such candidate for combination therapy or chemoprevention. An aqueous extract of Allspice (AAE) was tested against @entity1 @entity0 ( @entity0 ) cells in vitro and in vivo. AAE reduced the viability and clonogenic growth of several types of @entity0 cells (IC50  <= 100  g/ml) with limited @entity137 in non-tumorigenic, quiescent cells (IC50 >200  g/ml). AAE induced @entity137 in @entity0 was inconsistent with apoptosis, but was associated with increased levels of autophagy markers @entity33688 and @entity33688 -positive puncta. Silencing the expression of autophagy related genes (ATGs) prevented AAE-induced cell death. Further, AAE caused inhibition of @entity1994 / @entity3470 signaling, and showed enhanced @entity137 when combined with @entity3446 , a chemotherapy drug and an inhibitor of @entity3470 signaling. Oral administration (gavage) of AAE into athymic @entity19 implanted with @entity5 inhibited @entity5 growth slightly but not significantly (mean decrease ~ 14%, p >=  0.20) if @entity19 were gavaged post- @entity5 implant. @entity5 growth showed a significant delay (38%) in @entity5 palpability and growth rate (time to reach @entity5 volume >=  1,000 mm3) when @entity19 were pre-dosed with AAE for two weeks. Analysis of @entity5 tissues showed increased levels of @entity33688 in AAE treated @entity5 , indicating elevated @entity5 cell death in vivo in treated @entity19 . These results demonstrate antitumor and chemo-preventive activity of AAE against @entity0 and potential for adjuvant to @entity3470 inhibition.

title: Polyphenol-rich extract of Pimenta dioica berries (Allspice) kills XXXX cells by autophagy and delays growth of @entity0 in athymic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BrCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'autophagic tumor', 'cancers', 'Tumor', 'MDA-MB231 tumors']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Bioactive compounds from edible plants have limited efficacy in treating advanced @entity5 , but they have potential to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs in a combined treatment. An aqueous extract of berries of Pimenta dioica (Allspice) shows promise as one such candidate for combination therapy or chemoprevention. An aqueous extract of Allspice (AAE) was tested against @entity1 @entity0 ( @entity0 ) cells in vitro and in vivo. AAE reduced the viability and clonogenic growth of several types of @entity0 cells (IC50  <= 100  g/ml) with limited @entity137 in non-tumorigenic, quiescent cells (IC50 >200  g/ml). AAE induced @entity137 in @entity0 was inconsistent with apoptosis, but was associated with increased levels of autophagy markers @entity33688 and @entity33688 -positive puncta. Silencing the expression of autophagy related genes (ATGs) prevented AAE-induced cell death. Further, AAE caused inhibition of @entity1994 / @entity3470 signaling, and showed enhanced @entity137 when combined with @entity3446 , a chemotherapy drug and an inhibitor of @entity3470 signaling. Oral administration (gavage) of AAE into athymic @entity19 implanted with @entity5 inhibited @entity5 growth slightly but not significantly (mean decrease ~ 14%, p >=  0.20) if @entity19 were gavaged post- @entity5 implant. @entity5 growth showed a significant delay (38%) in @entity5 palpability and growth rate (time to reach @entity5 volume >=  1,000 mm3) when @entity19 were pre-dosed with AAE for two weeks. Analysis of @entity5 tissues showed increased levels of @entity33688 in AAE treated @entity5 , indicating elevated @entity5 cell death in vivo in treated @entity19 . These results demonstrate antitumor and chemo-preventive activity of AAE against @entity0 and potential for adjuvant to @entity3470 inhibition.

title: Polyphenol-rich extract of Pimenta dioica berries (Allspice) kills @entity0 cells by autophagy and delays growth of XXXX in athymic @entity19 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['triple negative breast cancer']


abstract: Bioactive compounds from edible plants have limited efficacy in treating advanced @entity5 , but they have potential to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs in a combined treatment. An aqueous extract of berries of Pimenta dioica (Allspice) shows promise as one such candidate for combination therapy or chemoprevention. An aqueous extract of Allspice (AAE) was tested against @entity1 @entity0 ( @entity0 ) cells in vitro and in vivo. AAE reduced the viability and clonogenic growth of several types of @entity0 cells (IC50  <= 100  g/ml) with limited @entity137 in non-tumorigenic, quiescent cells (IC50 >200  g/ml). AAE induced @entity137 in @entity0 was inconsistent with apoptosis, but was associated with increased levels of autophagy markers @entity33688 and @entity33688 -positive puncta. Silencing the expression of autophagy related genes (ATGs) prevented AAE-induced cell death. Further, AAE caused inhibition of @entity1994 / @entity3470 signaling, and showed enhanced @entity137 when combined with @entity3446 , a chemotherapy drug and an inhibitor of @entity3470 signaling. Oral administration (gavage) of AAE into athymic @entity19 implanted with @entity5 inhibited @entity5 growth slightly but not significantly (mean decrease ~ 14%, p >=  0.20) if @entity19 were gavaged post- @entity5 implant. @entity5 growth showed a significant delay (38%) in @entity5 palpability and growth rate (time to reach @entity5 volume >=  1,000 mm3) when @entity19 were pre-dosed with AAE for two weeks. Analysis of @entity5 tissues showed increased levels of @entity33688 in AAE treated @entity5 , indicating elevated @entity5 cell death in vivo in treated @entity19 . These results demonstrate antitumor and chemo-preventive activity of AAE against @entity0 and potential for adjuvant to @entity3470 inhibition.

title: Polyphenol-rich extract of Pimenta dioica berries (Allspice) kills @entity0 cells by autophagy and delays growth of @entity0 in athymic XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The aim of this study was to triage platelet reactivity and adverse vascular outcomes after dual antiplatelet therapy due to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) dependent on @entity4433 *2 and @entity4433 *3 genotypes in @entity1 with @entity453 . Fifty-five @entity1 with @entity453 were studied serially pre-PCI and post-PCI. Platelet reactivity was assessed by conventional light transmission aggregometry, VerifyNow Analyzer, and thromboelastography with platelet mapping. Genetic testing was performed with allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction. Adverse events included @entity204 , acute @entity583 , repeated PCI, definite stent @entity715 , and @entity951 . The common genotype (GG) was found in 39 @entity1 , heterozygous polymorphism @entity4433 (GA) @entity20417 allele was detected in 14 @entity1 , and the rare homozygous polymorphism @entity4433 (AA) @entity20417 allele was exhibited in 2 @entity1 . There were no @entity4433 *3 ( @entity72060 ) carriers among index @entity1 . The platelet reactivity was higher in @entity1 with heterozygous and homozygous carriers compared with GG genotype. The largest differences were observed among GG, GA, and AA genotypes, which correlated with the average values of @entity1423 (P = 0.02). There was a significant link between adverse events and high platelet reactivity assessed by light transmission aggregometry (P = 0.002). We found a trend between different genotype and VerifyNow readings (P = 0.057); moreover, their cumulative impact on adverse events was significant (P = 0.041). Platelet reactivity is higher in @entity1 with heterozygous and homozygous carriers of @entity4433 *2 versus common genotype and may predict an increased risk of @entity1397 response variability and/or experiencing adverse @entity299 .

title: XXXX response variability: impact of genetic polymorphism and platelet biomarkers for predicting adverse outcomes poststenting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity72060 :: ('p|SUB|W|212|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Trp212Ter']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina recurrence']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['vascular death']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['Clopidogrel']