abstract: PURPOSE: To determine indications, therapeutic success, and corneal transplantation techniques for advanced medically uncontrolled @entity1036 . DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional case series. METHODS: A review of 92 consecutive @entity1 (1991 to 2002) who underwent therapeutic keratoplasty for @entity8963 performed at Singapore National Eye Centre. Causative organism(s) were identified and outcomes were evaluated in terms of infectious cure (therapeutic success), graft clarity, and visual acuity. RESULTS: @entity796 (58.7%) and Fusarium species (32.3%) were the predominant organisms for @entity364 , respectively. Keratoplasty types included penetrating keratoplasty (PK; n = 80) and lamellar keratoplasty (n = 12). Mean graft diameter was 9.5 mm (range, 5.5 to 14 mm). Seventy-four @entity1 (80.4%) achieved therapeutic success after one keratoplasty procedure, three @entity1 were cured after a second keratoplasty. Life-table survival analysis computed the one-year therapeutic survival for @entity364 as 76.6% and 72.4%, respectively (P = .76). The Kaplan-Meier one-year survival rate for PK optical clarity was 72%. Twenty-two @entity1 underwent repeat keratoplasty for various reasons (optical, n = 8; recurrent @entity281 , n = 7; perforation or subsequent new @entity281 , n = 7). Of the 15 @entity1 for whom therapy failed, 11 had @entity364 . Infection recurrence time was four days to one year. Most recurrences (n = 11) appeared within six weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic keratoplasty may treat severe, refractory @entity1036 effectively. High cure rates are achievable, although infection recurrence despite prolonged treatment remains a significant problem in @entity364 .

title: Therapeutic keratoplasty for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['infectious keratitis']

entities_list: @entity8963 :: ('MESH:D013969', 'Disease') :: ['acute infectious keratitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'primary infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and fungal keratitis', 'fungal keratitis']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['suppurative keratitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the effect of treatment with hyaluronic acid (HA) on cartilage in @entity571 ( @entity571 ) can be determined by measuring the magnetic resonance (MR) T2 value of cartilage in an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLX) animal model. METHOD: Eighteen male @entity35 were separated randomly into three groups (n=6 for each group). Group 1 was given ACLX and intra-articular (IA) normal saline (NS) injection (ACLX+NS), group 2 was given ACLX and IA HA injection (ACLX+HA), and group 3 was the sham control. The ACLX+NS and ACLX+HA groups received ACLX on the right knee at 8 weeks of age and were then treated with IA NS or HA injection once a week, respectively, for 4 weeks starting at 13 weeks of age. In the sham-control group, the right knee joint was opened surgically but ACLX was not performed at 8 weeks of age. MR T2 measurements were obtained on all @entity35 at 8, 12, and 21 weeks of age, and histological Mankin scoring was performed at 21 weeks of age. RESULTS: Five weeks after the 4-week treatment, the MR T2 value of the ACLX right knee cartilage was significantly lower in ACLX+HA (29.58+/-1.12ms) than in ACLX+NS (32.04+/-1.39ms) (P<0.05). Five weeks after the 4-week treatment, the Mankin score of the ACLX right knee was significantly lower in ACLX+HA (3.3+/-0.81) than in ACLX+NS (7.3+/-1.03) (P<0.001). The T2 value was significantly and positively correlated with the Mankin score in the ACLX+NS (rho=0.77, P<0.05) and ACLX+HA (rho=0.69, P<0.05) groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the feasibility of quantitative MR T2 measurement in the early assessment of HA treatment efficiency in a @entity528 model.

title: Quantitative MR T2 measurement of articular cartilage to assess the treatment effect of intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection on experimental XXXX induced by ACLX.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage degeneration']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of sex hormones on bladder and mechanism thereof. METHODS: Sixty mature female SD @entity35 underwent bilateral ovariectomy and then randomly divided into 6 groups: low dose @entity172 group (OVX + E group) treated with @entity4520 0. 25 mg/kg injected intramuscularly qod, high dose @entity172 group (OVX + E 1 mg group) treated with @entity4520 1 mg/kg, @entity1420 (P) group, treated with P 1 mg, OVX + E + P group treated with @entity4520 0.25 mg/kg + @entity1420 1 mg, d @entity342 group (OVX + T group) treated with @entity3033 3 mg/kg, and untreated ovariectomized group (OVX group) receiving no medication. Another 10 @entity35 underwent sham operation. Four weeks later the @entity35 were killed with their bladders and urethras taken out to undergo light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: The thickness of bladder wall of the OVX group was (0.97 +/- 0.11) mm, significant thinner than that of the sham operation group [(1.10 +/- 0.1) mm, P < 0.05)]. The thickness levels of bladder walls of the OVX + E and OVX + T groups were (1.23 +/- 0.12) mm and (1.26 +/- 0.12 mm) respectively, both significantly thicker than that of the OVX group (both P < 0.01). Wider spaces between the detrusor muscle fascicles and degeneration of detrusor muscle cells were seen in the bladder walls of the OVX group, and such phenomena were milder in the OVX + E and OVX + T groups, however, wider spaces between the detrusor muscle fascicles could be seen in the OVX + E + P group too. The @entity1184 effect on the detrusor muscle of the OVX + E 1 mg group was weaker than that of the OVX + E group, a lot of cytoplasmic vacuoles was seen in the 2 groups treated with E, especially the OVX + E 1 mg group. The @entity1494 of the OVX + P group was similar to that of the OVX group. CONCLUSION: Endogenous @entity251 level as well as @entity172 level can significantly affect the @entity1494 with a @entity1184 effect on bladder detrusor muscle. But higher doze of @entity172 also has some unexpected effects which may destroy @entity1494 . In addition, @entity1420 can compromise the effect of @entity172 .

title: [Effects of sex hormones on bladder function and structure: experiment with ovariectomized female XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder structure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of parent proxy-report scales of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) Generic Core Scales, the Chinese Version. METHODS: 3493 school students aged 6-18 years were recruited using multistage cluster sampling method. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the above-mentioned PedsQL 4.0 scales. The internal consistency was assessed, using Cronbach's a coefficient, while its validity was tested through correlation analysis, t-test and exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: The internal consistency reliability for Total Scale Score (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90), Physical Health Summary Score (alpha= 0.81), and Psychosocial Health Summary Score (alpha= 0.89) were excellent. Six major factors were extracted by factor analysis which basically matched the designed structure of the original version accounting for nearly 66% of the variance. The total Scale Score significantly decreased by 3.5 to 13.3 (P < 0.05) in @entity1 and adolescents who had diseases including cold, skin @entity56 , @entity5419 , courbature or @entity4841 , @entity1353 with a frequency of 6 times or more per year or had @entity565 as compared to those with lower frequency (< or = 5 times/y) of the diseases or without @entity565 . We found moderate to high correlations between items and the subscales. Correlation coefficients ranged between 0.45 to 0.84 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The reliability and validity of the parent proxy-report scales of PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales of the Chinese Version were as good as the original version. Our findings suggested that the scales could be applied to evaluate the health-related quality of life in childhood @entity1 in similar Chinese regions to Guangzhou.

title: [Validity and reliability of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales in Chinese XXXX and adolescents].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitiveness']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: All electroencephalograms performed in our institution between 1980 and 1990 were reviewed. The clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity302 and generalized spike-and-wave (SW) patterns were analyzed. The SW patterns were classified according to their frequency. Electroencephalograms of 154 @entity1 with @entity302 revealed SW patterns. Absence @entity410 were the most common first @entity410 , but partial @entity410 were frequent. More than 40% had several types of @entity410 . Sixty percent of the @entity302 syndromes were generalized, but almost 25% were partial. The typical SW pattern was associated with @entity2048 , a normal examination and computed tomographic scan, @entity3762 , monotherapy, freedom from @entity410 , and lack of recurrence. The slow SW pattern was associated with @entity739 ; a younger age at @entity410 onset; atonic, @entity410 ; an abnormal examination and computed tomographic scan; cryptogenic or symptomatic generalized @entity302 or symptomatic partial @entity302 ; polytherapy; and poor @entity410 control. The fast SW pattern was associated with secondary generalized, partial, @entity410 ; a normal computed tomographic scan; cryptogenic partial @entity302 ; @entity410 ; and @entity410 recurrence. @entity302 with a typical SW pattern should be considered benign, @entity302 with a slow SW pattern malignant, and @entity302 with a fast SW pattern treacherous.

title: Generalized spike-and-wave patterns in XXXX : clinical correlates.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'tonic-clonic, and complex partial seizures', 'seizures', 'isolated seizures', 'myoclonic, tonic, and partial simple seizures']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, @entity5 grade is the best predictor of outcome at first presentation of noninvasive @entity150 . However, reliable predictors of @entity5 recurrence and progression for individual @entity1 , which could optimize treatment and follow-up schedules based on specific @entity5 biology, are yet to be identified. OBJECTIVE: To identify genes predictive for recurrence and progression in Ta @entity150 at first presentation using a quantitative, pathway-specific approach. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Retrospective study of @entity1 with Ta G2/3 @entity150 at initial presentation with three distinct clinical outcomes: absence of recurrence (n=16), recurrence without progression (n=16), and progression to @entity189 in situ or invasive disease (n=16). MEASUREMENTS: Expressions of 24 genes that feature in relevant pathways that are deregulated in @entity150 were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction on @entity5 biopsies from the @entity1 at initial presentation. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: @entity18923 (p=0.003) and @entity8498 (p=0.01) were predictive for recurrence by univariate analysis. In a multivariable model based on @entity18923 expression, sensitivity and specificity for recurrence were 97% and 63%, respectively. @entity8498 (p<0.001), @entity16262 (p=0.017), @entity23249 /Survivin (p=0.038), and @entity319 (p=0.047) were predictive for progression by univariate analysis. Multivariable analysis based on @entity8498 , @entity319 , and @entity7 identified progression with 81% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Since this is a small retrospective study using medium-throughput profiling, larger confirmatory studies are needed. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression profiling across relevant @entity5 pathways appears to be a promising approach for Ta @entity150 outcome prediction at initial diagnosis. These results could help differentiate between @entity1 who need aggressive versus expectant management.

title: Predicting recurrence and progression of noninvasive XXXX at initial presentation based on quantitative gene expression profiles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Ta tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer', 'papillary (Ta) bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['papillary bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension 0.1% was dosed topically once (QD), twice ( @entity5353 ), or three-times (TID) daily to assess the resolution of @entity3856 and anterior-segment @entity32 following @entity231 surgery. METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 212 adults. @entity1 received nepafenac 0.1% or placebo, 1 drop QD, @entity5353 , or TID beginning 1 day before @entity231 surgery, continuing on the day of surgery, and for 14 days thereafter. One (1) additional drop was administered 30-120 min prior to surgery. The primary efficacy endpoint was percent of treatment failures (>or=16 aqueous cells, aqueous flare = severe, or @entity3856 score = moderately severe or severe) through postoperative day 14. RESULTS: On days 7 and 14, the QD, @entity5353 , and TID all nepafenac posologies significantly reduced the percent of treatment failures, compared to placebo ( p <or= 0.0029). Compared with placebo, the TID posology achieved statistical significance beginning on day 3 ( p <or= 0.0080). Nepafenac treatment significantly increased the proportion of @entity1 with @entity32 , compared to placebo, beginning on day 1 for TID dosing ( p <or= 0.0208) and beginning on day 3 for QD dosing ( p <or= 0.0483). A significantly greater percentage of nepafenac-treated @entity1 were @entity158 free, compared to placebo, beginning on postoperative day 1 with @entity5353 and TID dosing ( p <or= 0.0150) and beginning on day 3 for QD dosing (p <or= 0.0220). No serious ocular adverse events were reported, and fewer @entity1 experienced adverse events in the nepafenac groups than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension 0.1% was well tolerated and effectively @entity32 and increased the incidence of @entity3856 -free @entity1 following @entity231 surgery when dosed QD, @entity5353 , or TID. By postoperative day 14, all nepafenac posologies significantly reduced the incidence of treatment failures and the incidence of @entity1 presenting with @entity32 , and significantly increased the incidence of @entity3856 -free @entity1 relative to placebo.

title: Nepafenac dosing frequency for XXXX and @entity32 associated with @entity231 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'resolved ocular inflammation', 'ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['ocular pain']

answer: @entity3856 :: (MESH:D058447,Disease) :: ['ocular pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension 0.1% was dosed topically once (QD), twice ( @entity5353 ), or three-times (TID) daily to assess the resolution of @entity3856 and anterior-segment @entity32 following @entity231 surgery. METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 212 adults. @entity1 received nepafenac 0.1% or placebo, 1 drop QD, @entity5353 , or TID beginning 1 day before @entity231 surgery, continuing on the day of surgery, and for 14 days thereafter. One (1) additional drop was administered 30-120 min prior to surgery. The primary efficacy endpoint was percent of treatment failures (>or=16 aqueous cells, aqueous flare = severe, or @entity3856 score = moderately severe or severe) through postoperative day 14. RESULTS: On days 7 and 14, the QD, @entity5353 , and TID all nepafenac posologies significantly reduced the percent of treatment failures, compared to placebo ( p <or= 0.0029). Compared with placebo, the TID posology achieved statistical significance beginning on day 3 ( p <or= 0.0080). Nepafenac treatment significantly increased the proportion of @entity1 with @entity32 , compared to placebo, beginning on day 1 for TID dosing ( p <or= 0.0208) and beginning on day 3 for QD dosing ( p <or= 0.0483). A significantly greater percentage of nepafenac-treated @entity1 were @entity158 free, compared to placebo, beginning on postoperative day 1 with @entity5353 and TID dosing ( p <or= 0.0150) and beginning on day 3 for QD dosing (p <or= 0.0220). No serious ocular adverse events were reported, and fewer @entity1 experienced adverse events in the nepafenac groups than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension 0.1% was well tolerated and effectively @entity32 and increased the incidence of @entity3856 -free @entity1 following @entity231 surgery when dosed QD, @entity5353 , or TID. By postoperative day 14, all nepafenac posologies significantly reduced the incidence of treatment failures and the incidence of @entity1 presenting with @entity32 , and significantly increased the incidence of @entity3856 -free @entity1 relative to placebo.

title: Nepafenac dosing frequency for @entity3856 and @entity32 associated with XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension 0.1% was dosed topically once (QD), twice ( @entity5353 ), or three-times (TID) daily to assess the resolution of @entity3856 and anterior-segment @entity32 following @entity231 surgery. METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 212 adults. @entity1 received nepafenac 0.1% or placebo, 1 drop QD, @entity5353 , or TID beginning 1 day before @entity231 surgery, continuing on the day of surgery, and for 14 days thereafter. One (1) additional drop was administered 30-120 min prior to surgery. The primary efficacy endpoint was percent of treatment failures (>or=16 aqueous cells, aqueous flare = severe, or @entity3856 score = moderately severe or severe) through postoperative day 14. RESULTS: On days 7 and 14, the QD, @entity5353 , and TID all nepafenac posologies significantly reduced the percent of treatment failures, compared to placebo ( p <or= 0.0029). Compared with placebo, the TID posology achieved statistical significance beginning on day 3 ( p <or= 0.0080). Nepafenac treatment significantly increased the proportion of @entity1 with @entity32 , compared to placebo, beginning on day 1 for TID dosing ( p <or= 0.0208) and beginning on day 3 for QD dosing ( p <or= 0.0483). A significantly greater percentage of nepafenac-treated @entity1 were @entity158 free, compared to placebo, beginning on postoperative day 1 with @entity5353 and TID dosing ( p <or= 0.0150) and beginning on day 3 for QD dosing (p <or= 0.0220). No serious ocular adverse events were reported, and fewer @entity1 experienced adverse events in the nepafenac groups than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension 0.1% was well tolerated and effectively @entity32 and increased the incidence of @entity3856 -free @entity1 following @entity231 surgery when dosed QD, @entity5353 , or TID. By postoperative day 14, all nepafenac posologies significantly reduced the incidence of treatment failures and the incidence of @entity1 presenting with @entity32 , and significantly increased the incidence of @entity3856 -free @entity1 relative to placebo.

title: Nepafenac dosing frequency for @entity3856 and XXXX associated with @entity231 surgery.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: We studied the effects of intracolonic administration of opioid receptor agonists (ORAs) on responses of pelvic nerve afferent fibers to @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and heat. Single-fiber recordings were made from the decentralized S1 dorsal rootlet in the @entity35 . An approximately 7-cm length of descending colon was isolated in situ to permit intracolonic perfusion with Krebs solution, which, when the outflow was clamped, was used to distend the colon. Responses to noxious @entity14 (40 mmHg, 30 s) were tested after intracolonic instillation of mu-, delta- or kappa-ORAs. Intracolonic administration of the kappa-ORAs EMD 61,753 (n = 5/12) and U62,066 (n = 8/11), but not either the mu-ORA @entity3575 or the delta-ORA @entity13847 , concentration-dependently inhibited responses of afferent fibers. For fibers unaffected by intracolonic administration of EMD 61,753 or U62,066, intra-arterial administration of kappa-ORAs was effective. Forty-one of 54 mechanosensitive fibers also responded to intracolonic instillation of heated Krebs solution (50 degrees C). Intra-arterial injection of @entity3575 or @entity13847 did not attenuate responses to heat. Either intracolonic or intra-arterial administration of EMD 61,753 or U62, 066, however, inhibited afferent fiber responses to heat. These results document that mechanical and thermal sensitivity of polymodal pelvic nerve afferent fibers innervating the @entity35 colon can be inhibited peripherally by intracolonic instillation of kappa-ORAs.

title: Effects of intracolonic opioid receptor agonists on polymodal pelvic nerve afferent fibers in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'colorectal distension']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This article is to study the role of G(1)/S regulators in differentiation of pluripotent embryonic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We established a @entity7000 @entity189 cell-based experimental system, which profits from two similar differentiation protocols producing endodermal or neuroectodermal lineages. The levels, mutual interactions, activities, and localization of G(1)/S regulators were analysed with respect to growth and differentiation parameters of the cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that proliferation parameters of differentiating cells correlate with the activity and structure of @entity5206 /E- @entity17068 but not of cyclin D- @entity36450 - @entity7919 complexes. In an exponentially growing @entity7000 cell population, the @entity1896 - @entity11953 complex is detected, which is replaced by @entity6834 /3- @entity36450 - @entity7919 complex following density arrest. During endodermal differentiation kinase-inactive @entity6834 /D3- @entity11953 - @entity7919 complexes are formed. Neural differentiation specifically induces @entity1896 at the expense of @entity43679 and results in predominant formation of @entity1896 /D2- @entity11953 - @entity7919 complexes. Differentiation is accompanied by cytoplasmic accumulation of cyclin Ds and @entity36450 , which in neural cells are associated with neural outgrowths. Most phenomena found here can be reproduced in @entity19 embryonic stem cells. In summary, our data demonstrate (i) that individual cyclin D isoforms are utilized in cells lineage specifically, (ii) that fundamental difference in the function of @entity11953 and @entity11954 exists, and (iii) that cyclin D- @entity36450 complexes function in the cytoplasm of differentiated cells. Our study unravels another level of complexity in G(1)/S transition-regulating machinery in early embryonic cells.

title: Lineage specific composition of cyclin D- @entity11953 / @entity11954 - XXXX complexes reveals distinct functions of @entity11953 , @entity11954 and individual D-type cyclins in differentiating cells of embryonic origin.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

answer: @entity7919 :: (12576(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p27']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This article is to study the role of G(1)/S regulators in differentiation of pluripotent embryonic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We established a @entity7000 @entity189 cell-based experimental system, which profits from two similar differentiation protocols producing endodermal or neuroectodermal lineages. The levels, mutual interactions, activities, and localization of G(1)/S regulators were analysed with respect to growth and differentiation parameters of the cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that proliferation parameters of differentiating cells correlate with the activity and structure of @entity5206 /E- @entity17068 but not of cyclin D- @entity36450 - @entity7919 complexes. In an exponentially growing @entity7000 cell population, the @entity1896 - @entity11953 complex is detected, which is replaced by @entity6834 /3- @entity36450 - @entity7919 complex following density arrest. During endodermal differentiation kinase-inactive @entity6834 /D3- @entity11953 - @entity7919 complexes are formed. Neural differentiation specifically induces @entity1896 at the expense of @entity43679 and results in predominant formation of @entity1896 /D2- @entity11953 - @entity7919 complexes. Differentiation is accompanied by cytoplasmic accumulation of cyclin Ds and @entity36450 , which in neural cells are associated with neural outgrowths. Most phenomena found here can be reproduced in @entity19 embryonic stem cells. In summary, our data demonstrate (i) that individual cyclin D isoforms are utilized in cells lineage specifically, (ii) that fundamental difference in the function of @entity11953 and @entity11954 exists, and (iii) that cyclin D- @entity36450 complexes function in the cytoplasm of differentiated cells. Our study unravels another level of complexity in G(1)/S transition-regulating machinery in early embryonic cells.

title: Lineage specific composition of cyclin D- XXXX / @entity11954 - @entity7919 complexes reveals distinct functions of @entity11953 , @entity11954 and individual D-type cyclins in differentiating cells of embryonic origin.

answer: @entity11953 :: (12567(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CDK4']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This article is to study the role of G(1)/S regulators in differentiation of pluripotent embryonic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We established a @entity7000 @entity189 cell-based experimental system, which profits from two similar differentiation protocols producing endodermal or neuroectodermal lineages. The levels, mutual interactions, activities, and localization of G(1)/S regulators were analysed with respect to growth and differentiation parameters of the cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that proliferation parameters of differentiating cells correlate with the activity and structure of @entity5206 /E- @entity17068 but not of cyclin D- @entity36450 - @entity7919 complexes. In an exponentially growing @entity7000 cell population, the @entity1896 - @entity11953 complex is detected, which is replaced by @entity6834 /3- @entity36450 - @entity7919 complex following density arrest. During endodermal differentiation kinase-inactive @entity6834 /D3- @entity11953 - @entity7919 complexes are formed. Neural differentiation specifically induces @entity1896 at the expense of @entity43679 and results in predominant formation of @entity1896 /D2- @entity11953 - @entity7919 complexes. Differentiation is accompanied by cytoplasmic accumulation of cyclin Ds and @entity36450 , which in neural cells are associated with neural outgrowths. Most phenomena found here can be reproduced in @entity19 embryonic stem cells. In summary, our data demonstrate (i) that individual cyclin D isoforms are utilized in cells lineage specifically, (ii) that fundamental difference in the function of @entity11953 and @entity11954 exists, and (iii) that cyclin D- @entity36450 complexes function in the cytoplasm of differentiated cells. Our study unravels another level of complexity in G(1)/S transition-regulating machinery in early embryonic cells.

title: Lineage specific composition of cyclin D- @entity11953 / @entity11954 - @entity7919 complexes reveals distinct functions of XXXX , @entity11954 and individual D-type cyclins in differentiating cells of embryonic origin.

answer: @entity11953 :: (12567(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CDK4']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This article is to study the role of G(1)/S regulators in differentiation of pluripotent embryonic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We established a @entity7000 @entity189 cell-based experimental system, which profits from two similar differentiation protocols producing endodermal or neuroectodermal lineages. The levels, mutual interactions, activities, and localization of G(1)/S regulators were analysed with respect to growth and differentiation parameters of the cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that proliferation parameters of differentiating cells correlate with the activity and structure of @entity5206 /E- @entity17068 but not of cyclin D- @entity36450 - @entity7919 complexes. In an exponentially growing @entity7000 cell population, the @entity1896 - @entity11953 complex is detected, which is replaced by @entity6834 /3- @entity36450 - @entity7919 complex following density arrest. During endodermal differentiation kinase-inactive @entity6834 /D3- @entity11953 - @entity7919 complexes are formed. Neural differentiation specifically induces @entity1896 at the expense of @entity43679 and results in predominant formation of @entity1896 /D2- @entity11953 - @entity7919 complexes. Differentiation is accompanied by cytoplasmic accumulation of cyclin Ds and @entity36450 , which in neural cells are associated with neural outgrowths. Most phenomena found here can be reproduced in @entity19 embryonic stem cells. In summary, our data demonstrate (i) that individual cyclin D isoforms are utilized in cells lineage specifically, (ii) that fundamental difference in the function of @entity11953 and @entity11954 exists, and (iii) that cyclin D- @entity36450 complexes function in the cytoplasm of differentiated cells. Our study unravels another level of complexity in G(1)/S transition-regulating machinery in early embryonic cells.

title: Lineage specific composition of cyclin D- @entity11953 / XXXX - @entity7919 complexes reveals distinct functions of @entity11953 , @entity11954 and individual D-type cyclins in differentiating cells of embryonic origin.

answer: @entity11954 :: (12571(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CDK6']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This article is to study the role of G(1)/S regulators in differentiation of pluripotent embryonic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We established a @entity7000 @entity189 cell-based experimental system, which profits from two similar differentiation protocols producing endodermal or neuroectodermal lineages. The levels, mutual interactions, activities, and localization of G(1)/S regulators were analysed with respect to growth and differentiation parameters of the cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that proliferation parameters of differentiating cells correlate with the activity and structure of @entity5206 /E- @entity17068 but not of cyclin D- @entity36450 - @entity7919 complexes. In an exponentially growing @entity7000 cell population, the @entity1896 - @entity11953 complex is detected, which is replaced by @entity6834 /3- @entity36450 - @entity7919 complex following density arrest. During endodermal differentiation kinase-inactive @entity6834 /D3- @entity11953 - @entity7919 complexes are formed. Neural differentiation specifically induces @entity1896 at the expense of @entity43679 and results in predominant formation of @entity1896 /D2- @entity11953 - @entity7919 complexes. Differentiation is accompanied by cytoplasmic accumulation of cyclin Ds and @entity36450 , which in neural cells are associated with neural outgrowths. Most phenomena found here can be reproduced in @entity19 embryonic stem cells. In summary, our data demonstrate (i) that individual cyclin D isoforms are utilized in cells lineage specifically, (ii) that fundamental difference in the function of @entity11953 and @entity11954 exists, and (iii) that cyclin D- @entity36450 complexes function in the cytoplasm of differentiated cells. Our study unravels another level of complexity in G(1)/S transition-regulating machinery in early embryonic cells.

title: Lineage specific composition of cyclin D- @entity11953 / @entity11954 - @entity7919 complexes reveals distinct functions of @entity11953 , XXXX and individual D-type cyclins in differentiating cells of embryonic origin.

answer: @entity11954 :: (12571(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CDK6']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this phase III clinical trial was to test whether chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy resulted in superior survival to either hyperfractionated radiation or standard radiation in surgically unresectable @entity1149 . DESIGN: @entity1 were prospectively randomized to 2 months of @entity900 , @entity5713 chemotherapy followed by 60 Gy of radiation at 2.0 Gy per fraction or 1.2 Gy per fraction radiation delivered twice daily to a total dose of 69.6 Gy, or 2.0 Gy per fraction of radiation once daily to 60 Gy. @entity1 were enrolled from January 1989 through January 1992, and followed for a potential minimum period of 5 years. SETTING: This trial was an intergroup National Cancer Institute-funded trial within the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, and the Southwest Oncology Group. @entity1 : @entity1 with surgically unresectable @entity1149 , clinical stage II, IIIA, and IIIB, were required to have a Karnofsky Performance Status of > or = 70 and a weight loss of < 5% for 3 months before study entry. Four hundred ninety @entity1 were registered on trial, of which 458 @entity1 were eligible. CONCLUSION: Overall survival was statistically superior for the @entity1 receiving chemotherapy and radiation vs the other two arms of the study. The twice-daily radiation therapy arm, although better, was not statistically superior in survival for those @entity1 receiving standard radiation. Median survival for standard radiation was 11.4 months; for chemotherapy and @entity7841 , 13.2 months; and for hyperfractionated @entity7841 , 12 months. The respective 5-year survivals were 5% for standard radiation therapy, 8% for chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy, and 6% for hyperfractionated @entity7841 .

title: Final results of phase III trial in regionally advanced unresectable XXXX : Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, and Southwest Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7841 :: ('MESH:D012793', 'Disease') :: ['irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect of migrant status on @entity5 survival. We studied @entity5 survival among @entity1 of Turkish descent in the German Cancer Childhood Registry, one of the largest @entity5 registries worldwide. METHODS: We identified @entity1 of Turkish descent among @entity5 cases using a name-based approach. We compared 5-year survival probabilities of Turkish and other @entity1 in three time periods of diagnosis (1980-87, 1988-95, 1996-2005) using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests. RESULTS: The 5-year survival probability for all @entity5 among 1774 cases of Turkish descent (4.76% of all 37.259 cases) was 76.9% compared to 77.6% in the comparison group (all other cases; p = 0.15). We found no age- or sex-specific survival differences (p-values between p = 0.18 and p = 0.90). For the period 1980-87, the 5-year survival probability among Turkish @entity1 with @entity1778 was significantly lower (62% versus 75.8%; p < 0.0001), this remains unexplained. For more recently diagnosed @entity1778 , we saw no survival differences for Turkish and non-Turkish @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that nowadays Turkish migrant status has no bearing on the outcome of @entity5 therapies in Germany. The inclusion of currently more than 95% of all @entity5 cases in standardised treatment protocols is likely to contribute to this finding.

title: Cancer survival among XXXX of Turkish descent in Germany 1980-2005: a registry-based analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'childhood cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemias', 'lymphoid leukaemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity600 are uncommon but potentially life-threatening anomalies of @entity1 and @entity1 . Between 1970 and 1988, 45 @entity1 from birth to 13 years of age (23 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 ) underwent evaluation and treatment for @entity600 . Thirty-seven had solitary lesions: bronchogenic cyst (n = 13), @entity2977 (n = 9), @entity14943 (n = 6), @entity18697 (n = 6), @entity2758 (n = 2), and @entity2488 (n = 1). Eight additional @entity1 had two simultaneous abnormalities and three @entity1 had @entity2914 . Twenty-one @entity1 had respiratory symptoms, which were severe in seven. Twelve had @entity358 and 10 @entity1 were completely free of symptoms. Plain chest roentgenogram was the only diagnostic imaging performed in 11 @entity1 . Thirteen @entity1 underwent computed tomographic scan, but in only four was it essential for diagnosis. Prenatal ultrasonography in three @entity1 demonstrated @entity2977 in two, with one false negative study. Postnatally, ultrasonography was also useful in establishing the diagnoses of @entity2977 and @entity18697 . Thoracotomy with excision of the lesion by lobectomy or pneumonectomy resulted in survival of 42 @entity1 (93%). Three deaths in neonates were due to @entity358 and @entity101 . Two of them had concomitant @entity2914 ; the other had a @entity2977 and died despite the use of postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. These data demonstrate that @entity600 usually can be diagnosed by plain chest x-ray films. Ancillary studies such as ultrasonography or computed tomography may occasionally be necessary. Combinations of the different types of @entity600 occurred frequently. All lesions, including symptomatic lesions in neonates, can be managed surgically soon after diagnosis.

title: XXXX . Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial atresia']

entities_list: @entity18697 :: ('MESH:D001998', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sequestration']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary malformations', 'congenital bronchopulmonary malformations', 'Congenital bronchopulmonary malformations']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernias', 'diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypoplasia', 'pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity14943 :: ('MESH:C535735', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lobar emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2977 :: ('MESH:D015615', 'Disease') :: ['cystic adenomatoid malformation']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['Congenital bronchopulmonary malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quantitative analysis of left-ventricular (LV) @entity439 after @entity583 is prognostically relevant and assists in planning surgery. Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography facilitates clear visualization of cardiac anatomy and accurate assessment of functional parameters. The aim of the present study was to determine the ability of 3D echocardiography to quantify LV @entity439 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 with a known @entity1002 after @entity583 underwent 3D echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging at 1.5 Tesla within 3 days. For 3D echocardiography, a multiplanar transesophageal examination was performed with full LV coverage and the 3D dataset was analyzed offline. The @entity1002 was defined by a wall thickness <5 mm. The following quantitative parameters were determined: left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, LV myocardial mass (LV-mass) and mass of the @entity1002 . LV ejection fraction and percentage of @entity439 mass (%- @entity439 ) were calculated. RESULTS: LV volumes and ejection fraction showed a strong correlation between 3D echocardiography and CMR (r = 0.94-0.97; P < 0.01). Importantly, the mass and percentage of mass of the @entity1002 demonstrated a high correlation as well (r = 0.94 and r = 0.86, respectively; P < 0.01). For all parameters, the calculated bias between both methods was found to be minimal (0.8-7.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional echocardiography proved to be a reliable tool for quantitative analysis of LV volumes, ejection fraction and @entity439 size in @entity1 with prior @entity583 . In addition, 3D visualization of the complex cardiac anatomy in @entity1 with @entity1002 may assist surgical procedure planning.

title: Three-dimensional echocardiography for quantitative analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV-aneurysm']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left-ventricular aneurysm']


abstract: A case-control study on @entity5 was conducted in New Caledonia (South Pacific), where a high incidence of @entity3620 had been observed. The disease pattern suggested an environmental exposure to @entity1355 . The first results showed that, in some areas, tremolite @entity1355 derived from local outcroppings was used as whitewash (locally named "p  "). All cases diagnosed between 1993 and 1995 (including 15 @entity2615 , 228 @entity2 , and 23 @entity5 ) and 305 controls were included in the study. Detailed information on past or present use of the whitewash, residential history, smoking, diet, and occupation was collected. The risk of @entity2615 was strongly associated with the use of the whitewash (odds ratio (OR) = 40.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.15, 325). All Melanesian cases had been exposed. Among Melanesian @entity1 , exposure to the whitewash was associated with an increased risk of @entity2 (OR = 4.89; 95% CI: 1.13, 21.2), and smokers exposed to po had an approximately ninefold risk (OR = 9.26; 95% CI: 1.72, 49.7) compared with @entity1 who never smoked and had never used the whitewash. In contrast, no association was noted between exposure to p   and @entity2 risk among Melanesian @entity1 , probably because of lower exposure levels. Among non-Melanesians, the numbers of exposed subjects were too small to assess the effect of exposure to po. There was no indication of elevated risks for the other @entity5 sites.

title: Environmental exposure to XXXX in New Caledonia: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory cancers', 'cancer', 'laryngeal cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesotheliomas', 'mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tremolite and respiratory cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ) often leads to the development of @entity6 . To understand better this pathogenic mechanism, we investigated whether islet cell area and pancreatic volume are reduced in @entity1689 @entity1 , islet cell turnover increases in @entity1689 @entity1 , and islet cells are less vulnerable to apoptosis than acinar cells. METHODS: Pancreatic tissues from 43 @entity1 with @entity1689 and 27 controls were examined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative morphometry. Pancreas volume was determined using abdominal computed tomography data. RESULTS: The pancreatic volumes were 64.9 +/- 4.3 cm(3) in @entity1689 @entity1 and 82.3 +/- 6.7 cm(3) in controls (P = .035). beta-cell areas were 0.69% +/- 0.08% in @entity1689 @entity1 and 0.97% +/- 0.08% in controls (P = .017), whereas alpha-cell areas did not differ between the groups (P = .47). There were no differences in the frequencies of replication among groups of alpha-cells, beta-cells, duct cells, or acinar cells nor were there differences in numbers of apoptotic alpha-cells or beta-cells between @entity1689 @entity1 and controls. However, @entity1689 @entity1 had an approximately 10-fold increase in numbers of apoptotic acinar cells compared with controls (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic volume was reduced by 21%, and the area comprising beta-cells was reduced by 29% in @entity1 with @entity1689 . The lack of increased beta-cells turnover in @entity1689 @entity1 , despite an approximately 10-fold increase in the number of apoptotic acinar cells, suggests that the damage to the pancreas is highly specific for the exocrine compartment and affects the endocrine islets to a lesser extent.

title: Reduced pancreatic volume and beta-cell area in XXXX with chronic pancreatitis.

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'Chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: SUMMARY: The use of @entity3446 (SRL) in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has been controversial after experimental data suggested an increased risk of @entity715 ( @entity715 ). To assess the safety and efficacy of SRL as de novo immunosuppression in OLT recipients. Outcomes of 252 OLT @entity1 who received SRL were compared with outcomes of 291 OLT recipients who received @entity9909 in a retrospective study. Primary outcomes of this study were: @entity1 - and graft survivals, vascular, biliary, wound complications and rejection rates. Secondary outcomes were: @entity86 rate, bone marrow and renal function and changes of lipid levels. @entity1 - and graft survivals, rejection and infection rates were similar. In the SRL group, @entity715 occurred in 1.2%, biliary complications in 19.4%, and incisional hernias in 9.1%. In the control group the incidence of @entity715 was 5.8% (P = 0.004), biliary complications 18.5% (P = NS) and @entity547 .2% (P = NS). @entity1 on SRL experienced significantly higher levels of serum @entity1674 but fewer acute cellular rejections. Bone marrow and renal functions were similar in both the groups. Our findings would suggest that SRL is safe and effective for very selected OLT recipients. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm our results.

title: Multicentric outcome analysis of XXXX -based immunosuppression in 252 liver transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['incisional hernias 7']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery thrombosis', 'HAT']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), an overactive @entity470 ( @entity470 ) pathway is a component of the malignant phenotype. Two @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of @entity470 , gefinitib and @entity3866 , have been used with variable benefit. METHODS: We have analyzed outcome data of a population of @entity1149 @entity1 that received these TKIs to determine the benefit derived and to define the clinical and molecular parameters that correlate with response. @entity5 tissue from a subgroup of these @entity1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry to measure the expression level of @entity470 and four activated (phosphorylated) members of the pathway, pEGFR, @entity7952 , pAKT, and pSTAT3. RESULTS: @entity3866 was slightly superior to @entity4562 in all measures of response, although the differences were not statistically significant. The most robust clinical predictors of @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) were best response and @entity1910 (p < 0.0001). A higher level of pEGFR was associated with longer @entity1054 , while the total @entity470 level was not associated with response. Higher levels of pAKT and pSTAT3 were also associated with longer @entity1054 . In contrast, a higher level of pERK1/2 was associated with shorter @entity1054 . CONCLUSION: These observations suggest the hypothesis that @entity5 cells that have activated @entity470 pathways, presumably being utilized for survival, are clinically relevant targets for pathway inhibition. An accurate molecular predictive model of TKI response should include activated members of the @entity470 pathway. TKIs may be best reserved for @entity5 expressing pEGFR and pAKT or pSTAT, and little @entity7952 . In the absence of molecular predictors of response, the appearance of a @entity1910 and a positive first scan are good clinical indicators of response.

title: Response to @entity4562 and @entity3866 in XXXX : a restrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), an overactive @entity470 ( @entity470 ) pathway is a component of the malignant phenotype. Two @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of @entity470 , gefinitib and @entity3866 , have been used with variable benefit. METHODS: We have analyzed outcome data of a population of @entity1149 @entity1 that received these TKIs to determine the benefit derived and to define the clinical and molecular parameters that correlate with response. @entity5 tissue from a subgroup of these @entity1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry to measure the expression level of @entity470 and four activated (phosphorylated) members of the pathway, pEGFR, @entity7952 , pAKT, and pSTAT3. RESULTS: @entity3866 was slightly superior to @entity4562 in all measures of response, although the differences were not statistically significant. The most robust clinical predictors of @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) were best response and @entity1910 (p < 0.0001). A higher level of pEGFR was associated with longer @entity1054 , while the total @entity470 level was not associated with response. Higher levels of pAKT and pSTAT3 were also associated with longer @entity1054 . In contrast, a higher level of pERK1/2 was associated with shorter @entity1054 . CONCLUSION: These observations suggest the hypothesis that @entity5 cells that have activated @entity470 pathways, presumably being utilized for survival, are clinically relevant targets for pathway inhibition. An accurate molecular predictive model of TKI response should include activated members of the @entity470 pathway. TKIs may be best reserved for @entity5 expressing pEGFR and pAKT or pSTAT, and little @entity7952 . In the absence of molecular predictors of response, the appearance of a @entity1910 and a positive first scan are good clinical indicators of response.

title: Response to @entity4562 and XXXX in @entity1149 : a restrospective study.

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['erlotinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), an overactive @entity470 ( @entity470 ) pathway is a component of the malignant phenotype. Two @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of @entity470 , gefinitib and @entity3866 , have been used with variable benefit. METHODS: We have analyzed outcome data of a population of @entity1149 @entity1 that received these TKIs to determine the benefit derived and to define the clinical and molecular parameters that correlate with response. @entity5 tissue from a subgroup of these @entity1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry to measure the expression level of @entity470 and four activated (phosphorylated) members of the pathway, pEGFR, @entity7952 , pAKT, and pSTAT3. RESULTS: @entity3866 was slightly superior to @entity4562 in all measures of response, although the differences were not statistically significant. The most robust clinical predictors of @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) were best response and @entity1910 (p < 0.0001). A higher level of pEGFR was associated with longer @entity1054 , while the total @entity470 level was not associated with response. Higher levels of pAKT and pSTAT3 were also associated with longer @entity1054 . In contrast, a higher level of pERK1/2 was associated with shorter @entity1054 . CONCLUSION: These observations suggest the hypothesis that @entity5 cells that have activated @entity470 pathways, presumably being utilized for survival, are clinically relevant targets for pathway inhibition. An accurate molecular predictive model of TKI response should include activated members of the @entity470 pathway. TKIs may be best reserved for @entity5 expressing pEGFR and pAKT or pSTAT, and little @entity7952 . In the absence of molecular predictors of response, the appearance of a @entity1910 and a positive first scan are good clinical indicators of response.

title: Response to XXXX and @entity3866 in @entity1149 : a restrospective study.

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is frequently employed as measure of @entity308 in studies of @entity28 . The aim of the study was to assess the factorial structure of the BDI in @entity28 @entity1 prior to bariatric surgery. METHODS: Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the current published factor analyses of the BDI. Three published models were initially analysed with two additional modified models subsequently included. A sample of 285 @entity1 presenting for @entity3813 -Band surgery was used. RESULTS: The published bariatric model by Munoz et al. was not an adequate fit to the data. The general model by Shafer et al. was a good fit to the data but had substantial limitations. The @entity353 item did not significantly load on any factor in either model. A modified Shafer model and a proposed model were tested, and both were found to be a good fit to the data with minimal differences between the two. A proposed model, in which two items, @entity353 and appetite, were omitted, was suggested to be the better model with good reliability. CONCLUSIONS: The previously published factor analysis in bariatric candidates by Munoz et al. was a poor fit to the data, and use of this factor structure should be seriously reconsidered within the @entity28 population. The hypothesised model was the best fit to the data. The findings of the study suggest that the existing published models are not adequate for investigating @entity308 in @entity28 @entity1 seeking surgery.

title: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Beck XXXX individuals seeking surgery.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression Inventory in obese']


abstract: Amplification of the @entity1722 gene, present in 15-30% of @entity0 , correlates with poor outcome and is an indication for treatment with trastuzumab. Standard testing methods for @entity1722 amplification are fluorescence (FISH) or chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). In FISH/CISH scoring, correction for chromosome 17 polysomy is believed to be critical for determination of true @entity1722 amplification as opposed to increased chromosome 17 copy number. The term "polysomy 17" is widely used and defined as > or =3 copies of the chromosome 17 centromere (probe CEP17, D17Z1). Thus, the centromere is assumed to be representative for the entire chromosome. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of polysomy 17 and its association with @entity1722 amplification in 111 invasive @entity0 @entity1 by CEP17 CISH and by copy number analysis of a set of 17 genes along chromosome 17 using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).Chromosome 17 usually showed a complex pattern of gains and losses by MLPA, unrelated to the copy number status of the centromere. Increase in centromere 17 copy number ( @entity54336 "), as assessed by CEP17 CISH, was found in 19% of the @entity1 . Of these @entity1 , 60% also showed amplification of @entity1722 measured by MLPA. However, none of the 111 @entity1 showed a true polysomy of chromosome 17 by MLPA. Only two @entity1 (1.8%) had a possible gain of 17q. Amplification of 17p was not found in any of the @entity1 , although a possible loss of 17p was found in one @entity1 . In conclusion, this extensive analysis of amplicons along chromosome 17 shows that true polysomy of chromosome 17, either of the whole chromosome or of the short or the long arm, is very rare in invasive @entity0 . Abnormal CEP17 copy numbers may therefore actually stem from high level gains or amplification of CEP17 regardless of copy number gains of the short and long arms of chromosome 17 and, at least in some cases, correction with CEP17 probes may provide misleading @entity1722 gene status assessment results.

title: Absence of chromosome 17 polysomy in XXXX : analysis by CEP17 chromogenic in situ hybridization and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity54336 :: ('MESH:C538044', 'Disease') :: ['denoted "polysomy 17']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The results of @entity134 withdrawal in pancreas transplant recipients under @entity1140 immunosuppression were analyzed. METHODS: From July 4, 1994 until April 30, 1998, 147 pancreas transplantations were performed in 141 @entity1 , including 126 simultaneous @entity8 . Baseline immunosuppression consisted of @entity1140 and @entity230 without antilymphocyte induction. Twenty-three @entity1 were excluded from analysis because of early graft loss in 17 cases, retransplantation in 5 cases, and simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation after heart transplantation in 1 @entity1 . RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 2.8+/-1.1 years (range 1.0 to 4.8 years), complete @entity134 withdrawal was achieved in 58 (47%) @entity1 with a mean time to @entity134 withdrawal of 15.2+/-8 months (range 4 to 40 months after transplantation). Of the entire cohort of 141 @entity1 , overall 1-, 2-, and 4-year @entity1 survival rates were 98%, 95.5%, and 86%, respectively. Overall 1-, 2-, and 4-year graft survival rates were 83%, 80%, and 71% (pancreas) and 95%, 91%, and 84% (kidney), respectively. Of the 124 @entity1 analyzed for @entity134 withdrawal, 1-, 2-, and 4-year @entity1 survival rates were 98%, 97%, and 92%, respectively. Overall 1-, 2-, and 4-year graft survival rates were 98%, 91.5%, 83% (pancreas) and 97%, 95%, and 91% (kidney). @entity1 , pancreas, and kidney survival rates at 1 year were 100%, 100%, and 98% (off @entity230 ) versus 97%, 91%, and 96% (on @entity230 , all NS) and at 4 years were 100%, 94%, and 95% (off @entity230 ) versus 78%, 68%, and 85% (on @entity230 , P = 0.01, 0.002, and NS, respectively). The cumulative risk of rejection at the time of follow-up was 76% for @entity1 on @entity230 versus 74% for @entity1 off @entity230 (P = NS). Seven @entity1 originally tapered off @entity230 were treated for subsequent rejection episodes, which were all @entity134 sensitive, and two of these seven @entity1 are currently off @entity230 . Thirteen patients received antilymphocyte therapy for @entity134 -resistant rejection, five of whom are now off @entity230 . @entity1140 trough levels were 9.3+/-2.4 ng/ml (off @entity230 ) and 9.7+/-4.3 (on @entity230 , P = NS). Mean fasting @entity413 levels were 98+/-34 mg/dl (off @entity230 ) and 110+/-41 mg/dl (on @entity230 , P = NS). Mean glycosylated hemoglobin levels were 5.2+/-0.9% (off @entity230 ) and 6.2+/-2.1% (on @entity230 , P = 0.02), and mean serum @entity1011 levels were 1.4+/-0.8 mg/dl (off @entity230 ) and 1.7+/-1.0 mg/dl (on @entity230 , P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: These data show for the first time that @entity134 withdrawal can be safely accomplished in pancreas transplant recipients maintained on @entity1140 -based immunosuppression. @entity134 withdrawal is associated with excellent @entity1 and graft survival with no increase in the cumulative risk of rejection.

title: Results of pancreas transplantation after XXXX withdrawal under @entity1140 immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-kidney transplantations, 13 pancreas after kidney transplantation, and 8 pancreas transplantations alone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid', 'Steroid']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: PURPOSE: The results of @entity134 withdrawal in pancreas transplant recipients under @entity1140 immunosuppression were analyzed. METHODS: From July 4, 1994 until April 30, 1998, 147 pancreas transplantations were performed in 141 @entity1 , including 126 simultaneous @entity8 . Baseline immunosuppression consisted of @entity1140 and @entity230 without antilymphocyte induction. Twenty-three @entity1 were excluded from analysis because of early graft loss in 17 cases, retransplantation in 5 cases, and simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation after heart transplantation in 1 @entity1 . RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 2.8+/-1.1 years (range 1.0 to 4.8 years), complete @entity134 withdrawal was achieved in 58 (47%) @entity1 with a mean time to @entity134 withdrawal of 15.2+/-8 months (range 4 to 40 months after transplantation). Of the entire cohort of 141 @entity1 , overall 1-, 2-, and 4-year @entity1 survival rates were 98%, 95.5%, and 86%, respectively. Overall 1-, 2-, and 4-year graft survival rates were 83%, 80%, and 71% (pancreas) and 95%, 91%, and 84% (kidney), respectively. Of the 124 @entity1 analyzed for @entity134 withdrawal, 1-, 2-, and 4-year @entity1 survival rates were 98%, 97%, and 92%, respectively. Overall 1-, 2-, and 4-year graft survival rates were 98%, 91.5%, 83% (pancreas) and 97%, 95%, and 91% (kidney). @entity1 , pancreas, and kidney survival rates at 1 year were 100%, 100%, and 98% (off @entity230 ) versus 97%, 91%, and 96% (on @entity230 , all NS) and at 4 years were 100%, 94%, and 95% (off @entity230 ) versus 78%, 68%, and 85% (on @entity230 , P = 0.01, 0.002, and NS, respectively). The cumulative risk of rejection at the time of follow-up was 76% for @entity1 on @entity230 versus 74% for @entity1 off @entity230 (P = NS). Seven @entity1 originally tapered off @entity230 were treated for subsequent rejection episodes, which were all @entity134 sensitive, and two of these seven @entity1 are currently off @entity230 . Thirteen patients received antilymphocyte therapy for @entity134 -resistant rejection, five of whom are now off @entity230 . @entity1140 trough levels were 9.3+/-2.4 ng/ml (off @entity230 ) and 9.7+/-4.3 (on @entity230 , P = NS). Mean fasting @entity413 levels were 98+/-34 mg/dl (off @entity230 ) and 110+/-41 mg/dl (on @entity230 , P = NS). Mean glycosylated hemoglobin levels were 5.2+/-0.9% (off @entity230 ) and 6.2+/-2.1% (on @entity230 , P = 0.02), and mean serum @entity1011 levels were 1.4+/-0.8 mg/dl (off @entity230 ) and 1.7+/-1.0 mg/dl (on @entity230 , P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: These data show for the first time that @entity134 withdrawal can be safely accomplished in pancreas transplant recipients maintained on @entity1140 -based immunosuppression. @entity134 withdrawal is associated with excellent @entity1 and graft survival with no increase in the cumulative risk of rejection.

title: Results of pancreas transplantation after @entity134 withdrawal under XXXX immunosuppression.

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: 1. Under commercial and experimental conditions domestic @entity233 often cause @entity130 to pen-mates by repeated pecking, sometimes fatally. Environmental enrichment or lighting manipulations might be used to mitigate such injurious pecking. 2. This study examined responses to 4 treatments (2 rooms/treatment) of 8 groups of 100, non-beak trimmed, non-desnooded, male domestic @entity233 from 1 to 35 d of age. 3. Birds of 1 treatment were reared under conditions approximating to commercial rearing (12L:12D incandescent, Control) whereas the experimental treatments were 12L:12D incandescent plus supplemental ultraviolet radiation, straw supplementation of litter, pecking substrates and visual barriers (Enriched), 12L:12D fluorescent lighting (Fluorescent), and 2(2L:3D):2L:12D incandescent (Intermittent). 4. Compared to control birds, the incidence of @entity130 caused by wing or tail pecking were both lower in the Enriched but not significantly different in the Fluorescent or Intermittent. 5. Injuries caused by head pecking did not occur in the Enriched rooms but were observed in at least 1 of the rooms with Control, Fluorescent and Intermittent treatments. 6. Despite considerable environmental differences between treatments, there was remarkable consistency within each type of injurious pecking in age at which @entity130 were 1st recorded (wing pecking, 9.38+/-1.31 d; tail pecking, 20.43+/-2.42 d; head pecking, 27.8+/-2.13 d). The roles of feather emergence, hierarchy formation in @entity233 poults and appearance of feathers are discussed as possible explanations of these consistencies.

title: Effects of environmental enrichment, fluorescent and intermittent lighting on injurious pecking amongst male XXXX poults.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkeys', 'wild turkey']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: 1. TME, TMEn and metabolisability (TME/gross energy) of energy-yielding foodstuffs were determined in 1, 3 and 10 d old broiler chicks, using the assay method developed by Murakami et al. (1994), in order to characterise energy utilisation during the 10 d after hatching. 2. TME, TMEn and metabolisability of dextrin and starch were low in chicks aged 1 d, and increased with age up to 10 d. Energy values of @entity413 and maltose at days 1 and 3 could not be determined because of the @entity944 of birds soon after the feeding. TMEn and metabolisability of cereal sources were lower in d-old chicks than in those aged 3 and 10 d. At all ages, @entity2829 was better utilised than @entity3505 and @entity1101 . 3. In the fat sources (coconut oil, beef tallow and safflower oil) no age dependency was observed in TME, TMEn and metabolisability. 4. Bioavailability of soyabean meal and fish meal was lower at 1 d than at 3 d and 10 d. Energy utilisation from casein was the highest among the protein sources tested and it was not age dependent. 5. It is concluded that energy utilisation of @entity1735 and protein sources during 10 d post-hatch tended to increase with age. Among the energy yielding foodstuffs fat sources seem to be better utilised, with no age dependency.

title: Energy utilisation of XXXX , fat and protein sources in newly hatched broiler chicks.

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: The influence of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) on the proliferative activity of cells in different phases of cell cycle has been studied. @entity1500 (5 mg/kg) was injected i.p. 3 days after the inoculation of 5 X 10(6) @entity1778 cells, into F1 (DBA X C57 BL) @entity19 . It was shown that @entity1500 causes degeneration of cells, being in G1- as well as in S-phase at the time of drug injection. Incorporation of @entity665 was suppressed for a period ranging from 2 to 12 hr after @entity1500 administration, which is demonstrated by the decrease in the number of grains per cell. The number of cells labeled after 3H-TdR injection was also sharply decreased during this period. For a period of 3 until 15 hr after @entity1500 administration the mitotic index decreased significantly as a result of inhibition of DNA synthesis. The blocking of the G1-S transition was evident during 4 hr after @entity1500 . Thereafter the G1-S transition proceeds at a rate which is practically equal to that for nontreated controls. @entity1500 did not inhibit transition to mitosis of cells being in G2-phase and in a very late S-phase at the time of drug injection. The sensitivity of G1-cells to the cytocidal effect of @entity1500 shows that for @entity11748 cells @entity1500 can be classified as a cycle-specific drug killing both G1-and S-cells rather than S-phase specific agent with self-limitation.

title: Effect of XXXX on the cell cycle of @entity11748 .

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: The influence of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) on the proliferative activity of cells in different phases of cell cycle has been studied. @entity1500 (5 mg/kg) was injected i.p. 3 days after the inoculation of 5 X 10(6) @entity1778 cells, into F1 (DBA X C57 BL) @entity19 . It was shown that @entity1500 causes degeneration of cells, being in G1- as well as in S-phase at the time of drug injection. Incorporation of @entity665 was suppressed for a period ranging from 2 to 12 hr after @entity1500 administration, which is demonstrated by the decrease in the number of grains per cell. The number of cells labeled after 3H-TdR injection was also sharply decreased during this period. For a period of 3 until 15 hr after @entity1500 administration the mitotic index decreased significantly as a result of inhibition of DNA synthesis. The blocking of the G1-S transition was evident during 4 hr after @entity1500 . Thereafter the G1-S transition proceeds at a rate which is practically equal to that for nontreated controls. @entity1500 did not inhibit transition to mitosis of cells being in G2-phase and in a very late S-phase at the time of drug injection. The sensitivity of G1-cells to the cytocidal effect of @entity1500 shows that for @entity11748 cells @entity1500 can be classified as a cycle-specific drug killing both G1-and S-cells rather than S-phase specific agent with self-limitation.

title: Effect of @entity1499 on the cell cycle of XXXX .

answer: @entity11748 :: (MESH:D007939,Disease) :: ['L1210 leukemia']


abstract: Mutations in the @entity8944 gene that codes for a forkhead transcription factor are associated with primary @entity4269 that usually develops around puberty. @entity66 include @entity21951 and, very frequently, superficial and deep @entity4096 . Most mutations reported so far either truncate the protein or are missense mutations in the forkhead domain causing a loss of function. The haplo-insufficient state is associated with @entity1373 in @entity19 as well as in @entity1 . We analyzed the @entity8944 gene in 288 @entity1 with primary @entity4269 and found 11 pathogenic mutations, of which 9 are novel. Of those, 5 were novel missense mutations of which 4 were located outside of the forkhead domain. To examine their pathogenic potential we performed a transactivation assay using a luciferase reporter construct driven by @entity17967 response elements. We found that the mutations outside the forkhead domain cause a gain of function as measured by luciferase activity. @entity1 characteristics conform to previous reports with the exception of @entity21951 , which was found in only 2 @entity1 out of 11. @entity8944 mutations causing @entity21951 reported thus far result in @entity1887 and lead to @entity1373 . Our results suggest that gain-of-function mutations may also cause @entity4269 . One would expect that in this case, @entity3329 would be the underlying abnormality. @entity1 with activating mutations might present with Meige disease.

title: Novel missense mutations in the XXXX gene alter transcriptional activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Associated abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity21951 :: ('MESH:C537710', 'Disease') :: ['distichiasis', 'lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['haplo-insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity8944 :: (2303,Gene) :: ['FOXC2']


abstract: Higher omega-oxidation activities in the diabetic @entity1 and the starved one suggest that omega-oxidation mechanism plays an important role under these conditions. @entity13961 that is the final product of omega-oxidation can be metabolized further by beta-oxidation, subsequently, formation of @entity16740 and short-chain @entity13961 might be increased in the liver. The physiological significance of omega-oxidation might consist in supplying the substrate of @entity2974 cycle for utilization of @entity6625 and excreting the short-chain @entity17636 in urine resulting in the decrease of @entity6178 bodies in the blood, especially in @entity6 and starvation. On the bases of these information, it is important to investigate the metabolism of @entity10989 . Generally, @entity1718 must be activated before they enter the metabolic pathway. By in vitro studies with @entity35 liver homogenate, we have recently demonstrated that octadecaned-ioic acid must be activated by @entity855 -Mg2+ and @entity9931 as @entity40702 is. However, it has not been studied to compare the activity of @entity8595 synthetase on mono and @entity13961 . So, in this report, we assayed the activity of @entity8595 synthetase in beef liver preparations using palmitic or @entity73094 (C1;16) as substrate. The results are as follows 1) Activation capacity of the supernatant of sonicated mitochondria was less than that of sonicated microsome for either @entity2365 or hexadecanedioate. 2) Activation capacity for hexadecanedioate was less than that for @entity2365 in both supernatant of sonicated mitochondria and that of sonicated microsome. 3) In our experiment, it might be suggested that the subcellular distribution of hexadecanedioate activation is almost identical with that of @entity2365 activation.

title: [ XXXX synthetase activity of long-chain mono and @entity13961 in beef liver preparations (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity16740 :: ('MESH:C012046', 'Chemical') :: ['succinyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity73094 :: ('MESH:C012346', 'Chemical') :: ['hexadecanedioic acid']

entities_list: @entity13961 :: ('CHEBI:35692', 'Chemical') :: ['Dicarboxylic acid', 'dicarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity10989 :: ('MESH:D003998', 'Chemical') :: ['dicarboxylic acids']

entities_list: @entity40702 :: ('CHEBI:25384', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity17636 :: ('CHEBI:28965', 'Chemical') :: ['dicarboxylate']

answer: @entity8595 :: (MESH:D000214,Chemical) :: ['Acyl-CoA']


abstract: Higher omega-oxidation activities in the diabetic @entity1 and the starved one suggest that omega-oxidation mechanism plays an important role under these conditions. @entity13961 that is the final product of omega-oxidation can be metabolized further by beta-oxidation, subsequently, formation of @entity16740 and short-chain @entity13961 might be increased in the liver. The physiological significance of omega-oxidation might consist in supplying the substrate of @entity2974 cycle for utilization of @entity6625 and excreting the short-chain @entity17636 in urine resulting in the decrease of @entity6178 bodies in the blood, especially in @entity6 and starvation. On the bases of these information, it is important to investigate the metabolism of @entity10989 . Generally, @entity1718 must be activated before they enter the metabolic pathway. By in vitro studies with @entity35 liver homogenate, we have recently demonstrated that octadecaned-ioic acid must be activated by @entity855 -Mg2+ and @entity9931 as @entity40702 is. However, it has not been studied to compare the activity of @entity8595 synthetase on mono and @entity13961 . So, in this report, we assayed the activity of @entity8595 synthetase in beef liver preparations using palmitic or @entity73094 (C1;16) as substrate. The results are as follows 1) Activation capacity of the supernatant of sonicated mitochondria was less than that of sonicated microsome for either @entity2365 or hexadecanedioate. 2) Activation capacity for hexadecanedioate was less than that for @entity2365 in both supernatant of sonicated mitochondria and that of sonicated microsome. 3) In our experiment, it might be suggested that the subcellular distribution of hexadecanedioate activation is almost identical with that of @entity2365 activation.

title: [ @entity8595 synthetase activity of long-chain mono and XXXX in beef liver preparations (author's transl)].

answer: @entity13961 :: (CHEBI:35692,Chemical) :: ['dicarboxylic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of the present article was to compare stapled haemorrhoidectomy, and haemorrhoidal artery ligation with open haemorrhoidectomy with respect to the @entity282 , symptom control, and manometric alterations. METHODOLOGY: Forty five @entity1 with third or fourth-degree haemorrhoids were randomly classified into three groups; first group managed by stapled haemorrhoidectomy, second group managed by conventional haemorrhoidectomy and third group managed by Doppler guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation. (15 @entity1 each) Preoperative and 12 weeks postoperative anorectal manometry were done for all @entity1 . RESULTS: There was a significant difference of the operative time between stapled group and Milligan-Morgan group (p < 0.001) while no significant difference between stapled group and Doppler group. The @entity158 scores were significantly higher in open group (p < 0.001) during the first 24 hours at the time of first motion and one week after operation. Postoperative control of prolapsed symptoms was significantly better with open diathermy haemorrhoidectomy than with stapled. The control of other symptoms was similar with regard to @entity548 , @entity158 , @entity111 , and @entity322 scores. Anorectal manometry showed a decrease in the maximum resting pressure and maximum squeeze pressure in all groups, but this decrease was only significant in the stapled haemorrhoidectomy group. CONCLUSIONS: Stapled and Doppler haemorrhoidectomy is as effective as conventional haemorrhoidectomy for the treatment of haemorrhoids, but with the exception of @entity272 . There is a need for long-term follow-up for the changes in manometric parameters after haemorrhoidectomy.

title: Conventional haemorrhoidectomy, stapled haemorrhoidectomy, Doppler guided haemorrhoidectomy artery ligation; post operative XXXX and anorectal manometric assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin tag prolapse']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increasing number of reports indicate symptomatic relief of @entity253 after cholecystectomy for @entity910 . Despite this, cholecystectomy as a treatment for @entity910 remains controversial. Our aim was to determine efficacy of cholecystectomy in alleviating @entity910 symptoms and the correlation with histologic findings. METHODS: Records of @entity1 with gallbladder ejection fraction <35% between January 1994 and February 1999 were reviewed. Gallbladder pathology and degree of symptomatic improvement were determined on follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 27 cholecystectomy @entity1 , 24 (89%) had significant improvement, 2 (7%) had partial improvement, and 1 (4%) had minimal improvement. Ten @entity1 (43%) had normal gall-bladder, and 9 (90%) of them had significant improvement after cholecystectomy. Of the 6 nonsurgical @entity1 , none had significant improvement, 4 (67%) had partial improvement, and 2 (33%) had minimal improvement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity910 @entity1 who underwent cholecystectomy had significantly greater symptom improvement compared with nonsurgical @entity1 . Pathologic correlation suggests @entity32 may not be the only cause of @entity1085 . Cholecystectomy should be a first-line therapy for @entity910 @entity1 .

title: Cholecystectomy is an effective treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary dyskinesia', 'biliary dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary colic symptoms']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['biliary dyskinesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Adhesions following intraperitoneal surgery are frequent causes of @entity1744 . Attempts to prevent @entity86 have mostly proven disappointing clinically. Currently used by ophthalmologists in ocular surface disorders, amniotic membrane transplantation can reduce @entity32 and promote re-epithelization. We used amniotic membrane for facilitating peritoneal regeneration and prevention of adhesions with surgical @entity130 . METHODOLOGY: 20 @entity35 were randomized in equal number into treatment or control groups. Seven days after operation, the incidence and severity of adhesions were evaluated. Histologic and immunohistochemical analyses were examined at 1, 4, 10 weeks after operation. RESULTS: While severe adhesions were observed after 1 week between the cecum and surrounding organs in the control group, adhesion formation was significantly reduced in the amniotic membrane group. Histologic examination demonstrated that free-floating myofibroblasts in the peritoneal cavity attached to surfaces of amniotic membrane grafts to form a layered structure. Free-floating mesothelial cells were incorporated into the regenerating mesothelium on the myofibroblast layer in 4 weeks, while implanted amniotic membrane grafts were absorbed by 10 weeks. In the amniotic membrane group the cecum appeared nearly normal. CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic membrane grafts reduced intraperitoneal adhesions after surgical @entity130 , were well absorbed, and served as a substrate for regenerating mesothelium.

title: Regeneration of peritoneum using amniotic membrane to prevent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative adhesions']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative adhesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to examine the roles of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), @entity650 , @entity8923 , and @entity160 ( @entity160 ) in @entity1 with @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ) and @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODOLOGY: @entity160 and cytokine serum concentrations were determined via EIA or ELISA. RESULTS: In total, 81 @entity1 were included, including 9 healthy controls, 36 @entity1575 @entity1 , and 36 @entity157 @entity1 . Significant differences in @entity160 , @entity310 , @entity650 , and @entity8923 between the three groups were noted (p < 0.001). @entity160 was lowest in the healthy subjects, intermediate in @entity1575 @entity1 and highest in @entity157 @entity1 (all p < 0.001). 11-6 and 11-18 concentrations were significantly higher in the @entity157 group than the other two groups. @entity157 and @entity1575 @entity1 with @entity160 concentration > 7ng/ml had increased @entity8923 concentrations compared to both the other groups p < 0.001). In contrast to previously published studies, @entity310 was highest in the healthy group, intermediate in the @entity157 group, and lowest in the @entity1575 group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity8923 may be a potential @entity5 marker in combination with @entity650 and @entity160 in the diagnosis of @entity157 , but further research including a larger population of @entity1 is essential. Further research is warranted.

title: Cytokine evaluation in XXXX and @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['LC', 'liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to examine the roles of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), @entity650 , @entity8923 , and @entity160 ( @entity160 ) in @entity1 with @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ) and @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODOLOGY: @entity160 and cytokine serum concentrations were determined via EIA or ELISA. RESULTS: In total, 81 @entity1 were included, including 9 healthy controls, 36 @entity1575 @entity1 , and 36 @entity157 @entity1 . Significant differences in @entity160 , @entity310 , @entity650 , and @entity8923 between the three groups were noted (p < 0.001). @entity160 was lowest in the healthy subjects, intermediate in @entity1575 @entity1 and highest in @entity157 @entity1 (all p < 0.001). 11-6 and 11-18 concentrations were significantly higher in the @entity157 group than the other two groups. @entity157 and @entity1575 @entity1 with @entity160 concentration > 7ng/ml had increased @entity8923 concentrations compared to both the other groups p < 0.001). In contrast to previously published studies, @entity310 was highest in the healthy group, intermediate in the @entity157 group, and lowest in the @entity1575 group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity8923 may be a potential @entity5 marker in combination with @entity650 and @entity160 in the diagnosis of @entity157 , but further research including a larger population of @entity1 is essential. Further research is warranted.

title: Cytokine evaluation in @entity1575 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: A retrospective evaluation was oerformed to determine whether the intensity of @entity876 , @entity3544 or @entity986 expression predicts response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity356 . METHODOLOGY: Thirty-six @entity1 ( @entity44742 or N+) were studied. Preoperative treatment consisted of 30-45Gy of radiation with continuous @entity1487 and weekly @entity900 . Expression of @entity876 , @entity3544 and @entity986 in pretreatment biopsies was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Level of expression was determined from the intensity and extent of staining. @entity5 downstaging was defined as a reduction of at least one T-stage level and/or finding of intense @entity5 regression in histopathologic examination. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 responded to chemoradiation: 8 @entity1 had pathologic complete response, 9 @entity1 were downstaged. The multivariate analysis showed no significant influence of @entity876 (p = 0.76), @entity3544 (p = 0.10) nor @entity986 (p = 0.70) expression upon @entity5 response. Response was found in 52% of @entity1 with low, and in 40% of @entity1 with high @entity876 staining (p = 0.21); in 54% of @entity1 with low, and in 30% of @entity1 with high @entity3544 staining (p = 0.14); and in 48% of @entity1 with low, and in 43% of @entity1 with high @entity986 staining (p = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant influence of @entity876 , @entity3544 nor @entity986 expression upon response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in @entity356 .

title: Expression of @entity876 , @entity3544 and XXXX does not correlate with response to preoperative @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: A retrospective evaluation was oerformed to determine whether the intensity of @entity876 , @entity3544 or @entity986 expression predicts response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity356 . METHODOLOGY: Thirty-six @entity1 ( @entity44742 or N+) were studied. Preoperative treatment consisted of 30-45Gy of radiation with continuous @entity1487 and weekly @entity900 . Expression of @entity876 , @entity3544 and @entity986 in pretreatment biopsies was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Level of expression was determined from the intensity and extent of staining. @entity5 downstaging was defined as a reduction of at least one T-stage level and/or finding of intense @entity5 regression in histopathologic examination. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 responded to chemoradiation: 8 @entity1 had pathologic complete response, 9 @entity1 were downstaged. The multivariate analysis showed no significant influence of @entity876 (p = 0.76), @entity3544 (p = 0.10) nor @entity986 (p = 0.70) expression upon @entity5 response. Response was found in 52% of @entity1 with low, and in 40% of @entity1 with high @entity876 staining (p = 0.21); in 54% of @entity1 with low, and in 30% of @entity1 with high @entity3544 staining (p = 0.14); and in 48% of @entity1 with low, and in 43% of @entity1 with high @entity986 staining (p = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant influence of @entity876 , @entity3544 nor @entity986 expression upon response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in @entity356 .

title: Expression of XXXX , @entity3544 and @entity986 does not correlate with response to preoperative @entity356 .

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: A retrospective evaluation was oerformed to determine whether the intensity of @entity876 , @entity3544 or @entity986 expression predicts response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity356 . METHODOLOGY: Thirty-six @entity1 ( @entity44742 or N+) were studied. Preoperative treatment consisted of 30-45Gy of radiation with continuous @entity1487 and weekly @entity900 . Expression of @entity876 , @entity3544 and @entity986 in pretreatment biopsies was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Level of expression was determined from the intensity and extent of staining. @entity5 downstaging was defined as a reduction of at least one T-stage level and/or finding of intense @entity5 regression in histopathologic examination. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 responded to chemoradiation: 8 @entity1 had pathologic complete response, 9 @entity1 were downstaged. The multivariate analysis showed no significant influence of @entity876 (p = 0.76), @entity3544 (p = 0.10) nor @entity986 (p = 0.70) expression upon @entity5 response. Response was found in 52% of @entity1 with low, and in 40% of @entity1 with high @entity876 staining (p = 0.21); in 54% of @entity1 with low, and in 30% of @entity1 with high @entity3544 staining (p = 0.14); and in 48% of @entity1 with low, and in 43% of @entity1 with high @entity986 staining (p = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant influence of @entity876 , @entity3544 nor @entity986 expression upon response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in @entity356 .

title: Expression of @entity876 , @entity3544 and @entity986 does not correlate with response to preoperative XXXX .

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['chemoradiation in gastric carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: A retrospective evaluation was oerformed to determine whether the intensity of @entity876 , @entity3544 or @entity986 expression predicts response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity356 . METHODOLOGY: Thirty-six @entity1 ( @entity44742 or N+) were studied. Preoperative treatment consisted of 30-45Gy of radiation with continuous @entity1487 and weekly @entity900 . Expression of @entity876 , @entity3544 and @entity986 in pretreatment biopsies was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Level of expression was determined from the intensity and extent of staining. @entity5 downstaging was defined as a reduction of at least one T-stage level and/or finding of intense @entity5 regression in histopathologic examination. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 responded to chemoradiation: 8 @entity1 had pathologic complete response, 9 @entity1 were downstaged. The multivariate analysis showed no significant influence of @entity876 (p = 0.76), @entity3544 (p = 0.10) nor @entity986 (p = 0.70) expression upon @entity5 response. Response was found in 52% of @entity1 with low, and in 40% of @entity1 with high @entity876 staining (p = 0.21); in 54% of @entity1 with low, and in 30% of @entity1 with high @entity3544 staining (p = 0.14); and in 48% of @entity1 with low, and in 43% of @entity1 with high @entity986 staining (p = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant influence of @entity876 , @entity3544 nor @entity986 expression upon response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in @entity356 .

title: Expression of @entity876 , XXXX and @entity986 does not correlate with response to preoperative @entity356 .

answer: @entity3544 :: (644914,Gene) :: ['p21']