abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of different physical fitness levels [assessed by the maximal @entity26 uptake (VO2max) test] with @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors in @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: A total of 150 @entity309 @entity1 were assessed for @entity410 with a VO2max test and, based on this, were split in three groups using the 33rd (18.1 ml/kg/min) and 66th (22.4 ml/kg/min) centiles. Classical and novel @entity65 risk factors [blood pressure, body fat, insulin resistance, @entity165 , @entity1674 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL), physical activity, CRP, fibrinogen and white cell count], 10-year @entity65 risk, disease activity (DAS28) and severity (HAQ) were assessed in all cases. RESULTS: Mean VO2max for all @entity309 @entity1 was 20.9 (s.d. 5.7) ml/kg/min. The 10-year @entity65 risk (P = 0.003), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.039), HDL (P = 0.017), insulin resistance and body fat (both at P < 0.001), CRP (P = 0.005), white blood cell count (P = 0.015) and fibrinogen (P < 0.001) were significantly different between the VO2max tertiles favouring the group with the higher VO2max levels. In multivariate analyses of variance, VO2max was significantly associated with body fat (P < 0.001), HDL (P = 0.007), insulin resistance (P < 0.003) and 10-year @entity65 risk (P < 0.001), even after adjustment for DAS28, HAQ and physical activity. CONCLUSION: VO2max levels are alarmingly low in @entity309 @entity1 . Higher levels of VO2max are associated with a better cardiovascular profile in this population. Future studies need to focus on developing effective behavioural interventions to improve @entity410 in @entity309 .

title: @entity410 levels and their association with cardiovascular profile in XXXX with @entity309 : a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1953 determinations in biological fluids are of great interest in biological or toxicological research programs. Cobalturia is often chosen as an indicator for a biological monitoring program in occupational exposure to @entity1953 dusts. The method described here derives from the IUPAC reference method for @entity3406 determination. It enables cobaltemia and cobalturia to be measured in small samples (1 mL). The mean usual values for @entity1953 in biological fluids are very low (2.7 nmol @entity5022 for serum and 6.7 nmol @entity5022 for urine), and therefore, thus require an analytical procedure with preconcentration and extraction. The sample is mineralized by wet acid digestion. After digestion, inorganic @entity1953 is extracted in form of @entity13373 complex into @entity12141 and measured in the organic layer by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The analytical parameters are described in detail. The extraction output is about 99%. The detection limits are 1.93 and 1.89 nmol @entity5022 for serum and urine, respectively. Sensitivity (expressed as the concentration that gives a 0.044 absorbance) is 3.4 nmol @entity5022 for serum and 3.3 nmol @entity5022 for urine. Within-run precision ranged between 3.9 and 2.5% (coefficients of variation) for serum and 4.2 and 1.1% for urine, at 87 and 136 nmol @entity5022 levels, respectively. Between-run precision ranged between 4.3 and 3.3% (coefficients of variation) for serum and 4.2 and 2.3% for urine, at 87 and 136 nmol @entity5022 levels, respectively. At very low concentration, 5.7 nmol @entity5022 for serum and 2.5 nmol @entity5022 for urine, the between-run precision is, respectively, 19.5 and 28%. Linearity is effective between 0 and 272 nmol @entity5022 . Interferences and matrix effects are negligible for urine, serum, or plasma samples without hemoglobin. The method is easily applicable for routine determinations.

title: XXXX determination in serum and urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity12141 :: ('MESH:C005458', 'Chemical') :: ['isobutyl methyl ketone']

entities_list: @entity1953 :: ('MESH:D003035', 'Chemical') :: ['Cobalt', 'cobalt']

answer: @entity1953 :: (MESH:D003035,Chemical) :: ['Cobalt']


abstract: The mathematical modeling of @entity5 xenograft experiments following the dosing of antitumor drugs has received much attention in the last decade. Biomarker data can further provide useful insights on the pathological processes and be used for translational purposes in the early clinical development. Therefore, it is of particular interest the development of integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models encompassing drug, biomarker and @entity5 -size data. This paper investigates the reciprocal consistency of three types of models: @entity5 , such as established drug-driven @entity851 ( @entity851 ) models, drug-to-biomarker, e.g. indirect response models, and biomarker-to- @entity5 , e.g. the more recent biomarker-driven @entity851 models. In particular, this paper derives a mathematical relationship that guarantees the steady-state equivalence of the cascade of drug-to-biomarker and biomarker-to- @entity5 models with a @entity5 @entity851 model. Using the Simeoni @entity851 model as a reference, conditions for steady-state equivalence are worked out and used to derive a new biomarker-driven model. Simulated and real data are used to show that in realistic cases the steady-state equivalence extends also to transient responses. The possibility of predicting the @entity5 potency of a new candidate drug based only on biomarker response is discussed.

title: Biomarker- versus drug-driven XXXX models: an equivalence analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'drug-to-tumor']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['tumor growth inhibition', 'TGI']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['tumor growth inhibition']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the optimum timing of MRI in neonates with @entity2806 treated with @entity2332 . Reliable early imaging assessment might help managing treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess non-random differences between early and late MRI that might influence intensive-care decisions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included all asphyxiated term neonates eligible for @entity2332 treatment November 2009-July 2012. MRI scans were systematically performed at day 4 (early MRI) and day 11 of life as part of routine protocol. Two experienced pediatric radiologists reviewed both scans according to three assessment methods: a pattern classification, a scoring system and a simplified classification. Agreement between early and late imaging findings was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficients. RESULTS: Thirty-three neonates were included. Interobserver agreement was excellent. Early MRI detected all severe @entity130 . Agreement between early and late MRI was excellent for the simplified classification (k   =   0.82), good for the pattern classification (k   =   0.64), and good to excellent for 3 scores out of 4 in the scoring system (k   =   0.70-0.89). CONCLUSION: Early MRI may provide valuable information about @entity1545 to help parents and neonatologists in intensive-care decisions at the end of @entity2332 treatment.

title: Comparison of early and late MRI in neonatal XXXX using three assessment methods.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incarceration of inguinal, umbilical and cicatricial @entity547 is a frequent problem. However, little is known about the relationship between the use of mesh and outcome after surgery. The goal of this study was to describe the relationship between the use of mesh in @entity547 and the clinical outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: Correspondence, operation reports and @entity1 files between January 1995 and December 2005 of @entity1 presented at one academic and one teaching hospital in Rotterdam were searched for the following keywords: incarceration, strangulation and @entity547 . The @entity1 characteristics, clinical presentation, pre-operative findings and clinical course were scored and analysed. RESULTS: A total of 203 @entity1 could be identified: 76 inguinal, 52 umbilical, 39 incisional, 14 epigastric, 14 femoral, five trocar and three spigelian @entity547 . In the statistical analysis, epigastric, femoral, trocar and spigelian @entity547 were pooled, due to their small group sizes. One @entity1 was excluded from the analysis because the @entity547 was not corrected during operation. In total, 99 @entity547 were repaired using mesh versus 103 primary suture repairs. Twenty-five wound @entity281 were registered (12.3%). One mesh was removed during a reintervention for @entity834 , although no signs of @entity2737 were present. Nine @entity1 died, none of them due to wound-related problems [one cardiovascular, one @entity1756 , two @entity834 , two @entity295 e causa incognita (e.c.i.), three @entity358 ]. Univariate analysis showed that female @entity1 (P  =  0.007), adipose @entity1 (P  =  0.016), @entity1 with an umbilical @entity547 (P  =  0.01) and @entity1 who underwent a bowel resection (P  =  0.015) had a significantly higher rate of wound @entity281 . The type of repair (e.g. primary suture or mesh), use of antibiotic prophylaxis, gender, ASA class and age showed no significant relation with @entity2737 . After logistic regression analysis, only bowel resection (P  =  0.020) showed a significant relation with @entity2737 . CONCLUSIONS: Wound infection rates are high after the correction of acute @entity547 , but clinical consequences are relatively low. Mesh correction of an acute @entity547 seems to be safe and should be considered in every @entity547 .

title: The use of mesh in acute XXXX : frequency and outcome in 99 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection', 'post-operative wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['incarcerated hernia', 'hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our objective was to analyze the long-term oncologic outcomes of fertility-preserving hormonal treatment with @entity11796 ( @entity3443 ) in @entity1 with APA. METHODS: In a retrospective chart review, we identified @entity1 with APA who were treated with @entity3443 for fertility preservation at our hospital between 2001 and 2011. Eighteen @entity1 with histologically diagnosed APA were identified. Clinical data including treatment, obstetrical, and oncologic outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: The mean observation period was 77.6 months (median 73.5, range 22-142), and the mean age was 33.6 years. Four @entity1 also developed well-differentiated @entity1204 . After the treatment, 14 @entity1 (77.8 %) achieved either a complete response or partial response. Eight @entity1 experienced recurrence, while four experienced persistent disease. Ten @entity1 (55.6 %) eventually underwent hysterectomy. The median time to hysterectomy was 40.3 months (range 24-68). Nine @entity1 progressed to @entity1204 , and one experienced persistent APA. Among younger @entity1 (<35 years of age), four out of five @entity1 who were married could have @entity1 . Seven @entity1 (38.9 %) showed no evidence of the disease during the observation period (median 60 months, range 22-117 months). No one died because of the disease during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3443 yields a high response rate in APA, and if only younger @entity1 are considered, a favorable pregnancy rate can be obtained. However, because recurrence rate is high, long-term follow-up under supervision of a trained gynecologic oncologist is required. To confirm @entity3443 's utility, multi-center collaboration would be warranted.

title: Long-term outcomes of fertility-sparing treatment of atypical polypoid adenomyoma with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity11796 :: (MESH:D017258,Chemical) :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']


abstract: We wished to investigate the modulating effects of a glucocorticoid on mortality and sustained @entity551 in endotoxemic @entity35 in conjunction with in vitro study of responses of isolated aorta to @entity4338 , @entity1063 (NE), and @entity934 ( @entity1617 ). @entity5694 was induced by intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of 50 mg/kg @entity526 endotoxin in @entity35 , resulting in high mortality. Pretreatment with U-67,590A, @entity73220 , at a dose of 9 mg/kg resulted in 100% survival; the survival rate of saline-treated controls was 21%. Isolated @entity35 aorta that had been treated with endotoxin for 4 h showed decreases in contractile responses to @entity4338 and NE and in relaxing response to @entity1617 . Similar attenuation of contractile responsiveness was observed in endothelium-denuded preparations. Addition of endotoxin to the in vitro tissue bath did not inhibit the responses in a 4-h period. Pretreatment with @entity73220 inhibited the late gradual decrease in blood pressure (BP) but not the early @entity551 response to endotoxin. The responses to @entity4338 or NE of aorta isolated 4 h after the endotoxin injection remained suppressed in U-67,590A-treated @entity35 but were restored in 24 h. These results suggest that @entity5694 impairs the endothelium moderately, but this does not account for either reduced reactivity of vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictor agents or the sustained @entity551 . The @entity134 inhibits @entity5694 -induced mortality and sustained @entity551 .

title: Antishock effect of U-67,590A, XXXX , associated with restoration of lowered vascular reactivity in endotoxemic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity73220 :: ('MESH:C052305', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone suleptanate', 'U-67,590A']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['Endotoxemia', 'endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity73220 :: (MESH:C052305,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone suleptanate']


abstract: We wished to investigate the modulating effects of a glucocorticoid on mortality and sustained @entity551 in endotoxemic @entity35 in conjunction with in vitro study of responses of isolated aorta to @entity4338 , @entity1063 (NE), and @entity934 ( @entity1617 ). @entity5694 was induced by intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of 50 mg/kg @entity526 endotoxin in @entity35 , resulting in high mortality. Pretreatment with U-67,590A, @entity73220 , at a dose of 9 mg/kg resulted in 100% survival; the survival rate of saline-treated controls was 21%. Isolated @entity35 aorta that had been treated with endotoxin for 4 h showed decreases in contractile responses to @entity4338 and NE and in relaxing response to @entity1617 . Similar attenuation of contractile responsiveness was observed in endothelium-denuded preparations. Addition of endotoxin to the in vitro tissue bath did not inhibit the responses in a 4-h period. Pretreatment with @entity73220 inhibited the late gradual decrease in blood pressure (BP) but not the early @entity551 response to endotoxin. The responses to @entity4338 or NE of aorta isolated 4 h after the endotoxin injection remained suppressed in U-67,590A-treated @entity35 but were restored in 24 h. These results suggest that @entity5694 impairs the endothelium moderately, but this does not account for either reduced reactivity of vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictor agents or the sustained @entity551 . The @entity134 inhibits @entity5694 -induced mortality and sustained @entity551 .

title: Antishock effect of U-67,590A, @entity73220 , associated with restoration of lowered vascular reactivity in endotoxemic XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the adhesion of @entity1 lens capsule cells on hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) coated with @entity968 ( @entity970 ). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista-Botucatu, S  o Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: @entity1 anterior lens capsules obtained during @entity231 surgery were cultured and seeded (200 cells/IOLs) in triplicates on the surface of a copolymer comprising @entity6456 , @entity20303 , and @entity3677 IOLs (Loflex) treated or not treated with @entity970 . After 26 hours, the number of viable adherent cells was estimated by counting in a hemocytometer. RESULTS: The coating of hydrophilic acrylic IOLs with @entity970 was effective in inhibiting cell adhesion (P < .05). Cells showing 2 distinct morphologic patterns-epithelial and dendritic-like-were observed during the in vitro establishment of the cultures. A tendency toward greater adhesion of @entity1358 was observed in untreated IOLs compared with treated IOLs (P = .095). CONCLUSION: Coating hydrophilic acrylic IOLs with @entity970 was effective in inhibiting cell adhesion. This treatment might play a role in posterior capsule opacification prevention. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Adhesion study of cultured @entity1 lens capsule cells on hydrophilic intraocular lenses coated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity20303 :: ('MESH:C009931', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6456 :: ('MESH:C005044', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyethyl methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic-like cells']

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the adhesion of @entity1 lens capsule cells on hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) coated with @entity968 ( @entity970 ). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista-Botucatu, S  o Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: @entity1 anterior lens capsules obtained during @entity231 surgery were cultured and seeded (200 cells/IOLs) in triplicates on the surface of a copolymer comprising @entity6456 , @entity20303 , and @entity3677 IOLs (Loflex) treated or not treated with @entity970 . After 26 hours, the number of viable adherent cells was estimated by counting in a hemocytometer. RESULTS: The coating of hydrophilic acrylic IOLs with @entity970 was effective in inhibiting cell adhesion (P < .05). Cells showing 2 distinct morphologic patterns-epithelial and dendritic-like-were observed during the in vitro establishment of the cultures. A tendency toward greater adhesion of @entity1358 was observed in untreated IOLs compared with treated IOLs (P = .095). CONCLUSION: Coating hydrophilic acrylic IOLs with @entity970 was effective in inhibiting cell adhesion. This treatment might play a role in posterior capsule opacification prevention. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Adhesion study of cultured XXXX lens capsule cells on hydrophilic intraocular lenses coated with @entity968 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity130 and complex cardiac surgery are associated with a high risk of @entity548 complications. The difference in costs between @entity1 who require @entity548 control measures and those who do not is poorly understood. Our goal was to assess the cost of care and outcomes for @entity1 in these settings. METHODS: @entity1 >18 years of age, who were discharged between January 2010 and December 2012, were retrospectively identified in the Premier Hospital Database based on International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision codes. These @entity1 were categorized as having received blood products (" @entity548 @entity1 ") or not ("nonbleeding @entity1 "). @entity1 with costs and length of stay (LOS) of zero were excluded. Differences in treatment costs and outcomes were assessed using univariate analysis and multivariate modeling. FINDINGS: Bleeding @entity130 @entity1 (n = 8800) had a 150% higher total cost of care (P < 0.001; 146% after excluding costs of agents used for @entity548 control, P < 0.001), an 81.3% longer hospital LOS (P < 0.001), and a 65.2% longer intensive care unit (ICU) LOS (P < 0.001) than nonbleeding @entity1 (n = 53,727). Bleeding complex cardiac surgery @entity1 (n = 82,832) had a 133.2% higher total cost of care (P < 0.001; 128.7% after excluding costs of agents used for @entity548 control, P < 0.001), a 155.6% longer hospital LOS (P < 0.001), and an 89.3% longer ICU LOS (P < 0.001) than nonbleeding @entity1 (n = 380,902). IMPLICATIONS: @entity130 and cardiac surgery @entity1 who experienced @entity548 and received allogeneic blood product transfusions had significantly worse outcomes, including longer LOS, greater inpatient mortality, and higher costs of care (even when excluding costs of agents used for @entity548 control) than those who did not.

title: Cost of Bleeding in XXXX and Complex Cardiac Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) of prostate was administered to 10 @entity1 with @entity1876 due to @entity1067 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 74.4 years (range 63 to 85). The Prostatron device, which provides microwave heating of the prostate and conductive cooling of the urethra was used, and the prostate was heated with a calculated intraprostatic temperature of 45.5 degrees C for 55 minutes. No anesthesia was required for most of the @entity1 . The clinical effects were evaluated at 4-6 weeks and 3 months after treatment. The symptomatic scores improved in the majority of @entity1 . There was no significant change in prostate volume. The maximum flow rate and average flow rate were increased at 6 weeks and 3 months, but there was no significant change. The only side effects were transient @entity811 and short-term obstruction secondary to urethral @entity4 . In comparing TUMT with the transurethral resection of prostate (TUR-P), the maximum flow rate after TUMT was lower than that after TUR-P and the improvement of residual urine after TUMT was lower than that after TUR-P.

title: [Transurethral microwave thermotherapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: A total of 240 @entity1 with @entity2817 ( @entity2817 ) were examined and treated in A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery during 1997-2009. Embolization was performed in 196 (81.7%) @entity1 . Staged embolization was the principal treatment modality in 84 (35%) @entity1 presenting with inoperable lesions. The mean number of sessions was 3.6. Intraoperative embolization using hydrogel embols, Gianturco coils, and 96% @entity167 was done in 17 (7.1%) @entity1 . Radical surgery with the removal of angiomatous tissues was given to 33 (13.8%) @entity1 . Palliative resections were made in @entity1 with extensive lesions and impossibility of total removal of angiomatous tissues. Minor and major amputations were needed in 15 @entity1 . It is concluded that intervention for microfistulous and confined macrofistulous lesions should be performed only in case of absolute indications for surgery. That in asymptomatic or subclinical cases is justified only for minor surface lesions fit for radical resection. Minor amputation is indicated in certain @entity1 with @entity2548 on distal limb segments. Extensive delayed resections should be planned with the use of plastic surgical techniques (autodermoplasty using free flaps, mobilized flaps, and flaps with microvascular @entity254 ).

title: [Current trends in diagnosis and treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous angiodysplasia', 'AVD']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

answer: @entity2817 :: (MESH:D016888,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous angiodysplasia']


abstract: The study objective was to determine if the healthy @entity1 were exposed to @entity26459 ( @entity13202 ) and @entity5248 (DEHP) and if this exposure could be linked to the development of @entity209 . The study included 103 healthy volunteers of similar age with normal BMI values, waist circumference, total @entity165 , HDL, LDL, and @entity1674 . @entity13202 and DEHP were measured in the morning urine samples to detect @entity73221 ( @entity27026 ) and @entity5247 ( @entity5247 ). Two @entity5244 groups and a control group were formed. Both @entity27026 group and control group had similar results. The correlations between @entity27026 and the measured parameters were insignificant. The correlation between the @entity5247 group and the age was significantly negative, but between the MHEP group and the waist circumference the correlation was significantly positive. Lipids and lipoproteins were within the reference values and equal in both groups. The significant negative correlation was observed only between @entity5247 and HDL. Our population is exposed to @entity13202 and DEHP. There was only a significant correlation between DEHP and the observed @entity209 components. Its negative impact was higher as the @entity1 were younger.

title: Do @entity26459 ( XXXX ) and @entity5248 (DEHP) influence the @entity209 parameters? Pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73221 :: ('MESH:C581825', 'Chemical') :: ['monoethyl phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5247 :: ('MESH:C016599', 'Chemical') :: ['MEHP', 'mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate']

entities_list: @entity26459 :: ('MESH:C007379', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyl phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity13202 :: (MESH:C007268,Chemical) :: ['DEP']


abstract: The study objective was to determine if the healthy @entity1 were exposed to @entity26459 ( @entity13202 ) and @entity5248 (DEHP) and if this exposure could be linked to the development of @entity209 . The study included 103 healthy volunteers of similar age with normal BMI values, waist circumference, total @entity165 , HDL, LDL, and @entity1674 . @entity13202 and DEHP were measured in the morning urine samples to detect @entity73221 ( @entity27026 ) and @entity5247 ( @entity5247 ). Two @entity5244 groups and a control group were formed. Both @entity27026 group and control group had similar results. The correlations between @entity27026 and the measured parameters were insignificant. The correlation between the @entity5247 group and the age was significantly negative, but between the MHEP group and the waist circumference the correlation was significantly positive. Lipids and lipoproteins were within the reference values and equal in both groups. The significant negative correlation was observed only between @entity5247 and HDL. Our population is exposed to @entity13202 and DEHP. There was only a significant correlation between DEHP and the observed @entity209 components. Its negative impact was higher as the @entity1 were younger.

title: Do XXXX ( @entity13202 ) and @entity5248 (DEHP) influence the @entity209 parameters? Pilot study.

answer: @entity26459 :: (MESH:C007379,Chemical) :: ['diethyl phthalate']


abstract: The study objective was to determine if the healthy @entity1 were exposed to @entity26459 ( @entity13202 ) and @entity5248 (DEHP) and if this exposure could be linked to the development of @entity209 . The study included 103 healthy volunteers of similar age with normal BMI values, waist circumference, total @entity165 , HDL, LDL, and @entity1674 . @entity13202 and DEHP were measured in the morning urine samples to detect @entity73221 ( @entity27026 ) and @entity5247 ( @entity5247 ). Two @entity5244 groups and a control group were formed. Both @entity27026 group and control group had similar results. The correlations between @entity27026 and the measured parameters were insignificant. The correlation between the @entity5247 group and the age was significantly negative, but between the MHEP group and the waist circumference the correlation was significantly positive. Lipids and lipoproteins were within the reference values and equal in both groups. The significant negative correlation was observed only between @entity5247 and HDL. Our population is exposed to @entity13202 and DEHP. There was only a significant correlation between DEHP and the observed @entity209 components. Its negative impact was higher as the @entity1 were younger.

title: Do @entity26459 ( @entity13202 ) and @entity5248 (DEHP) influence the XXXX parameters? Pilot study.

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: The study objective was to determine if the healthy @entity1 were exposed to @entity26459 ( @entity13202 ) and @entity5248 (DEHP) and if this exposure could be linked to the development of @entity209 . The study included 103 healthy volunteers of similar age with normal BMI values, waist circumference, total @entity165 , HDL, LDL, and @entity1674 . @entity13202 and DEHP were measured in the morning urine samples to detect @entity73221 ( @entity27026 ) and @entity5247 ( @entity5247 ). Two @entity5244 groups and a control group were formed. Both @entity27026 group and control group had similar results. The correlations between @entity27026 and the measured parameters were insignificant. The correlation between the @entity5247 group and the age was significantly negative, but between the MHEP group and the waist circumference the correlation was significantly positive. Lipids and lipoproteins were within the reference values and equal in both groups. The significant negative correlation was observed only between @entity5247 and HDL. Our population is exposed to @entity13202 and DEHP. There was only a significant correlation between DEHP and the observed @entity209 components. Its negative impact was higher as the @entity1 were younger.

title: Do @entity26459 ( @entity13202 ) and XXXX (DEHP) influence the @entity209 parameters? Pilot study.

answer: @entity5248 :: (MESH:D004051,Chemical) :: ['di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate']


abstract: PURPOSE: A retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity978 treated at Stanford University Medical Center was undertaken to determine if, within the pediatric population, @entity1 < or = 10 years of age have a unique prognosis and response to treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Records of all @entity1 treated for @entity978 at SUMC between 1961 and 1991 were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 2238 @entity1 with @entity978 , 91 (4%) were < or = 10 years of age. There is a predominance of male @entity1 (80%) and a higher percentage of mixed cellularity (33%) and lymphocyte predominance (13%) histologies among the very young @entity1 compared to adolescents and adults. The 5 and 10-year survival is 94 +/- 3% and 92 +/- 3%, respectively, for @entity1 < or = 10 vs. 93 +/- 2% and 86 +/- 3% for adolescents and 84 +/- 1% and 73 +/- 1% for adults. Five and 10-year freedom from relapse is also higher in the youngest @entity1 (88 +/- 4% and 85 +/- 4%, respectively) compared to adolescents (78 +/- 3% and 74 +/- 3%, respectively) and adults (70 +/- 1% and 67 +/- 1%, respectively). Actuarial survival at 25 years for @entity1 < or = 10 years is 78%, which is slightly better than for adolescents (67%) and significantly better than for adults (41%) (p = 0.001). Actuarial 25-year freedom from relapse is also significantly better for @entity1 < or = 10 (78%) compared to adolescents (74% [p = 0.05]) and adults (65% [p = 0.001]). For all stages of disease, @entity1 < or = 10 fare similarly to or slightly better than adolescents and substantially better than adults. For those with Stage I or II disease, survival at 5, 10, and 25 years is 98 +/- 2%, 93 +/- 4% and 73%, respectively, for @entity1 aged < or = 10; 98 +/- 1%, 91 +/- 3%, and 79%, respectively, for adolescents and 89 +/- 1%, 80 +/- 1%, and 45%, respectively, for adults. The greatest difference between age groups is seen for Stage III and IV @entity1 . Those aged < or = 10 have an 89 +/- 5% 5 and 10-year survival, and 89% actuarial 25-year survival compared to 87 +/- 4%, 80 +/- 5%, and 28%, respectively, for adolescents and 77 +/- 2%, 64 +/- 2%, and 41%, respectively, for adults. Of @entity1 < or = 10 years of age, 28 (31%) were treated with primary external beam radiotherapy, and 59 (65%) received combined modality therapy consisting of low-dose radiation and chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 11 years, freedom from relapse is 64% and survival 75% for the radiotherapy group, compared to 97% (p = 0.000) and 93% (p = 0.21) for those treated with combined modality therapy. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that young age is a favorable prognostic factor in @entity978 . Combined modality therapy has led to improved freedom from relapse and survival rates for all stages of disease and is currently the treatment of choice for the majority of very young @entity1 .

title: XXXX in the very young.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: Sixty five 50 to 60 year old @entity1 have been treated for @entity263 over a 21 year period. Twenty four had a local @entity263 (A1, A2, B1, B2) and 41 (63.2%) a locally advanced or metastatic (D1, D2 disease at diagnosis. The mean age was 56 years old. As being as retrospective study, miscellaneous treatments were done. The 5 and 10 years survival, analysed with the Kaplan-Meier method, was 61% and 31% respectively. According to the stage of @entity5 , the 10 year survival was 72% and 5% for (A-B) and (C-D) respectively. For well differentiated @entity5 , 5 years survival was 67% instead of 36% for undifferentiated ones. The 10 year survival was 36% for well differentiated @entity5 with 6 on 8 @entity1 who survived with a mean of 11.6 ears. The authors discussed the benefit of an early diagnosis of prostatic in the 50-60 year old @entity1 group which is 4% of the total @entity263 diagnosed within the same period. They analysed the influence of PSA and transrectal sonography interest at this age.

title: [ XXXX between 50 and 60. A more than 20-year-long retrospective study. Apropos of 65 case reports].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was set up to identify @entity1 -related factors favoring the application of either surgery or endoprostheses in the @entity3883 in subsets of @entity1 with @entity135 or periampullary region. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: In the @entity3883 , surgical biliodigestive anastomosis has traditionally been performed. Surgical biliary bypass is associated with high mortality (15% to 30%) and morbidity rates (20% to 60%) but little recurrent @entity3883 (0% to 15%). Biliary drainage with endoscopically placed endoprostheses has a lower complication rate, but recurrent @entity3883 is seen in up to 20% to 50% of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity135 or periampullary region treated at the University Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, between 1980 and 1990 were reviewed. In 148 @entity1 , data were compared concerning the morbidity and hospital stay after the @entity3883 with endoscopic endoprostheses or surgical biliary bypasses. These @entity1 were stratified for long (> 6 months) and short (< 6 months) survival times. RESULTS: In short-term survivors, the higher late morbidity rates after endoprostheses were offset by higher early morbidity rates and longer hospital stays after the surgical bypass. In long-term survivors, there was no difference in the hospital stay between the two groups, but the late morbidity rate was significantly higher in the endoprosthesis group. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that endoscopic endoprosthesis is the optimal palliation for @entity1 surviving less than 6 months and surgical biliary bypass for those surviving more than 6 months. This policy necessitates the development of prognostic criteria, which were obtained by @entity797 proportional-hazards survival analysis. Advanced age, male sex, liver metastases, and large diameters of @entity5 were unfavorable prognostic factors. With these factors, the risk of short- or long-term survival can be predicted. It is hoped that the application of these data may allow a rational approach toward optimal palliative treatment of this form of @entity3883 .

title: Guidelines for the application of surgery and endoprostheses in the @entity3883 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['palliation of obstructive jaundice', 'obstructive jaundice', 'malignant obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the head of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer of the pancreas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was set up to identify @entity1 -related factors favoring the application of either surgery or endoprostheses in the @entity3883 in subsets of @entity1 with @entity135 or periampullary region. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: In the @entity3883 , surgical biliodigestive anastomosis has traditionally been performed. Surgical biliary bypass is associated with high mortality (15% to 30%) and morbidity rates (20% to 60%) but little recurrent @entity3883 (0% to 15%). Biliary drainage with endoscopically placed endoprostheses has a lower complication rate, but recurrent @entity3883 is seen in up to 20% to 50% of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity135 or periampullary region treated at the University Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, between 1980 and 1990 were reviewed. In 148 @entity1 , data were compared concerning the morbidity and hospital stay after the @entity3883 with endoscopic endoprostheses or surgical biliary bypasses. These @entity1 were stratified for long (> 6 months) and short (< 6 months) survival times. RESULTS: In short-term survivors, the higher late morbidity rates after endoprostheses were offset by higher early morbidity rates and longer hospital stays after the surgical bypass. In long-term survivors, there was no difference in the hospital stay between the two groups, but the late morbidity rate was significantly higher in the endoprosthesis group. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that endoscopic endoprosthesis is the optimal palliation for @entity1 surviving less than 6 months and surgical biliary bypass for those surviving more than 6 months. This policy necessitates the development of prognostic criteria, which were obtained by @entity797 proportional-hazards survival analysis. Advanced age, male sex, liver metastases, and large diameters of @entity5 were unfavorable prognostic factors. With these factors, the risk of short- or long-term survival can be predicted. It is hoped that the application of these data may allow a rational approach toward optimal palliative treatment of this form of @entity3883 .

title: Guidelines for the application of surgery and endoprostheses in the XXXX in @entity5 .

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['palliation of obstructive jaundice']


abstract: 1. The effect of endotoxin ( @entity526 lipopolysaccharide) on the induction of @entity842 synthase (NOS) and the changes in vascular permeability in the colon and jejunum over a 5 h period have been investigated in the @entity35 . 2. Under resting conditions, a @entity460 -dependent @entity66 , determined by the conversion of radiolabelled @entity534 to @entity7792 , was detected in homogenates of both colonic and jejunal tissue. 3. Administration of endotoxin (3 mg kg-1, i.v.) led, after a 2 h lag period, to the appearance of @entity460 -independent NOS activity in the colon and jejunum ex vivo, characteristic of the inducible NOS enzyme. 4. Administration of endotoxin led to an increase in colonic and jejunal vascular permeability after a lag period of 3 h, determined by the leakage of radiolabelled albumin. 5. Pretreatment with @entity619 (1 mg kg-1 s.c., 2 h prior to challenge) inhibited both the induction of NOS and the vascular leakage induced by endotoxin. 6. Administration of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity7293 (12.5-50 mg kg-1, s.c.) 3 h after endotoxin injection, dose-dependently reduced the subsequent increase in vascular permeability in jejunum and colon, an effect reversed by @entity534 (300 mg kg-1, s.c.). 7. These findings suggest that induction of NOS is associated with the @entity1317 induced by endotoxin in the @entity35 colon and jejunum.

title: The induction of XXXX synthase and intestinal vascular permeability by endotoxin in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['constitutive NOS']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: 1. The effect of endotoxin ( @entity526 lipopolysaccharide) on the induction of @entity842 synthase (NOS) and the changes in vascular permeability in the colon and jejunum over a 5 h period have been investigated in the @entity35 . 2. Under resting conditions, a @entity460 -dependent @entity66 , determined by the conversion of radiolabelled @entity534 to @entity7792 , was detected in homogenates of both colonic and jejunal tissue. 3. Administration of endotoxin (3 mg kg-1, i.v.) led, after a 2 h lag period, to the appearance of @entity460 -independent NOS activity in the colon and jejunum ex vivo, characteristic of the inducible NOS enzyme. 4. Administration of endotoxin led to an increase in colonic and jejunal vascular permeability after a lag period of 3 h, determined by the leakage of radiolabelled albumin. 5. Pretreatment with @entity619 (1 mg kg-1 s.c., 2 h prior to challenge) inhibited both the induction of NOS and the vascular leakage induced by endotoxin. 6. Administration of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity7293 (12.5-50 mg kg-1, s.c.) 3 h after endotoxin injection, dose-dependently reduced the subsequent increase in vascular permeability in jejunum and colon, an effect reversed by @entity534 (300 mg kg-1, s.c.). 7. These findings suggest that induction of NOS is associated with the @entity1317 induced by endotoxin in the @entity35 colon and jejunum.

title: The induction of @entity842 synthase and intestinal vascular permeability by endotoxin in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: With refinements in surgical techniques and increased clinical experience, there has been a resurgence of interest in vascularized pancreas transplantation. From December 1986 to April 1988, 30 whole-organ vascularized pancreas transplants with pancreatico duodenocystostomy were performed simultaneously with renal transplantation. The recipient population consisted of 20 @entity1 and ten @entity1 , with a mean age of 34.7 years (range of 25-53 years). The mean duration of @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) was 22.6 years (range of 10-37 years). The mean pancreas preservation time was 8.7 hours (range 3-19 years). All @entity1 were immediately insulin-independent. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney engraftment was performed to both iliac fossae via a lower midline incision (n = 28) or through a bilateral lower abdominal incision (n = 2). The mean operating time was 5.9 hours, and packed cell transfusion requirement was 1.3 units. The mean length of hospital stay was 27.4 days. Recipients averaged 2.3 admissions (1-7), with ten @entity1 (34.4%) requiring only one hospital admission. Postoperative immunosuppression consisted of @entity205 , @entity229 , @entity500 , and Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin (MALG). A total of 49 episodes of rejection occurred in 26 @entity1 . Actuarial @entity1 survival rate at two years is 96.3%. The kidney and pancreas survival rates for the same time interval is 94.0% and 84.0%, respectively. Mean serum @entity1011 at present is 1.75 mg/dl. In conclusion, renal transplantation in concert with pancreas transplantation has a dramatic positive impact on pancreas allograft survival. Combined engraftment does not appear to jeopardize renal allograft functional survival. In view of these results, simultaneous @entity8 appears to be the treatment of choice for Type I @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Experience with simultaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-kidney transplantation']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['pancreas-kidney transplantation']


abstract: Establishment of pregnancy is critically dependent upon a precisely orchestrated embryo-maternal interaction leading to a receptive uterine environment. The up-regulation of the interferon-stimulated protein 15 kDa ( @entity73222 ) during pregnancy has been described in various species and has been hypothesized to be part of the molecular repertoire that makes the uterus receptive to conceptus development. In the current study, the expression of @entity73222 and enzymes involved in @entity73222 ylation was examined at the mRNA and protein level in @entity1641 endometrium at Day 14 of the luteal phase and at Day 14 and 50 of pregnancy. @entity73222 mRNA showed a 2.63-fold higher expression at Day 14 of pregnancy when compared to Day 14 of the cycle, while mRNA abundance at Day 50 of pregnancy was unchanged compared to Day 14 of the cycle. Upon Western blot analysis using anti- @entity73222 antibody, several higher molecular weight bands could be observed, representing proteins conjugated to @entity73222 . No free @entity73222 could be detected. The pattern of @entity73222 reactive proteins differed from those observed in non-uterine samples. Upon immunohistochemistry, @entity73222 reactive proteins located primarily to luminal and glandular epithelial cells, while stromal cells showed weaker staining. In conclusion, the expression of @entity73222 -conjugated proteins in @entity1641 endometrium did not differ between cyclic and pregnant 14 days after ovulation and Day 50 of pregnancy. It is hypothesized that the unique subset of @entity73222 ylated proteins expressed in endometrial tissue contributes to normal cellular function and that, unlike other species, the modification of @entity73222 -conjugated proteins is not an active contributor to conceptus-maternal interaction in the mare.

title: The expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 in XXXX endometrium.

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 remains a major cause of mortality in thalassaemia major. The possible role of @entity299 in @entity2395 major in the genesis of @entity712 is not clear. It is also unclear whether @entity299 might arise as a result of @entity712 . METHODS: We studied 45 @entity1 with thalassaemia major who had a wide range of current cardiac @entity68 loading and included @entity1 with prior and current @entity712 . Myocardial @entity68 was measured using T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and following this, late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) was used to determine the presence of macroscopic @entity296 . RESULTS: The median myocardial T2* in all @entity1 was 22.6 ms (range 5.3-58.8 ms). @entity82 was detected in only one @entity1 , whose myocardial T2* was 20.1 ms and left ventricular ejection fraction 57%. No @entity82 was identified in 5 @entity1 with a history of @entity712 with full recovery, in 3 @entity1 with current @entity1002 undergoing treatment, or in 18 @entity1 with myocardial @entity68 loading with cardiacT2* < 20 ms at the time of scan. CONCLUSION: This study shows that macroscopic @entity296 is uncommon in @entity2395 major across a broad spectrum of myocardial @entity68 loading. Importantly, there was no macroscopic @entity82 in @entity1 with current or prior @entity712 , or in @entity1 with myocardial @entity68 loading without @entity712 . Therefore if @entity296 indeed contributes to @entity296 in @entity2395 , our data combined with the knowledge that the @entity296 of @entity68 overload can be reversed, indicates that any such @entity82 would need to be both microscopic and reversible.

title: Low prevalence of @entity82 in @entity2395 major assessed by late XXXX enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 remains a major cause of mortality in thalassaemia major. The possible role of @entity299 in @entity2395 major in the genesis of @entity712 is not clear. It is also unclear whether @entity299 might arise as a result of @entity712 . METHODS: We studied 45 @entity1 with thalassaemia major who had a wide range of current cardiac @entity68 loading and included @entity1 with prior and current @entity712 . Myocardial @entity68 was measured using T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and following this, late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) was used to determine the presence of macroscopic @entity296 . RESULTS: The median myocardial T2* in all @entity1 was 22.6 ms (range 5.3-58.8 ms). @entity82 was detected in only one @entity1 , whose myocardial T2* was 20.1 ms and left ventricular ejection fraction 57%. No @entity82 was identified in 5 @entity1 with a history of @entity712 with full recovery, in 3 @entity1 with current @entity1002 undergoing treatment, or in 18 @entity1 with myocardial @entity68 loading with cardiacT2* < 20 ms at the time of scan. CONCLUSION: This study shows that macroscopic @entity296 is uncommon in @entity2395 major across a broad spectrum of myocardial @entity68 loading. Importantly, there was no macroscopic @entity82 in @entity1 with current or prior @entity712 , or in @entity1 with myocardial @entity68 loading without @entity712 . Therefore if @entity296 indeed contributes to @entity296 in @entity2395 , our data combined with the knowledge that the @entity296 of @entity68 overload can be reversed, indicates that any such @entity82 would need to be both microscopic and reversible.

title: Low prevalence of XXXX in @entity2395 major assessed by late @entity2287 enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 remains a major cause of mortality in thalassaemia major. The possible role of @entity299 in @entity2395 major in the genesis of @entity712 is not clear. It is also unclear whether @entity299 might arise as a result of @entity712 . METHODS: We studied 45 @entity1 with thalassaemia major who had a wide range of current cardiac @entity68 loading and included @entity1 with prior and current @entity712 . Myocardial @entity68 was measured using T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and following this, late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) was used to determine the presence of macroscopic @entity296 . RESULTS: The median myocardial T2* in all @entity1 was 22.6 ms (range 5.3-58.8 ms). @entity82 was detected in only one @entity1 , whose myocardial T2* was 20.1 ms and left ventricular ejection fraction 57%. No @entity82 was identified in 5 @entity1 with a history of @entity712 with full recovery, in 3 @entity1 with current @entity1002 undergoing treatment, or in 18 @entity1 with myocardial @entity68 loading with cardiacT2* < 20 ms at the time of scan. CONCLUSION: This study shows that macroscopic @entity296 is uncommon in @entity2395 major across a broad spectrum of myocardial @entity68 loading. Importantly, there was no macroscopic @entity82 in @entity1 with current or prior @entity712 , or in @entity1 with myocardial @entity68 loading without @entity712 . Therefore if @entity296 indeed contributes to @entity296 in @entity2395 , our data combined with the knowledge that the @entity296 of @entity68 overload can be reversed, indicates that any such @entity82 would need to be both microscopic and reversible.

title: Low prevalence of @entity82 in XXXX major assessed by late @entity2287 enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['thalassemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic gradients in health persist despite public health campaigns and improvements in healthcare. The Psychosocial and Biological Determinants of Ill-health (pSoBid) study was designed to uncover novel biomarkers of @entity102 that may help explain pathways between socioeconomic adversity and poorer physical and mental health. METHODS: We examined links between indicators of early life adversity, possible intermediary phenotypes, and markers of ill health in adult subjects (n = 666) recruited from affluent and deprived areas. Classical and novel risk factors for @entity102 (lung function and @entity731 ) and for cognitive performance were assessed, and associations sought with early life variables including conditions in the parental home, family size and leg length. RESULTS: Associations were observed between father's occupation, childhood home status (owner-occupier; overcrowding) and biomarkers of @entity32 and endothelial activation in adults ( @entity1851 , @entity650 , intercellular adhesion molecule; P < 0.0001) but not number of siblings and leg length. Lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and cognition (Choice Reaction Time, the Stroop test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test) were likewise related to early life conditions (P < 0.001). In multivariate models inclusion of inflammatory variables reduced the impact and independence of early life conditions on lung function and measures of cognitive ability. Including variables of adult socioeconomic status attenuated the early life associations with disease biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse levels of biomarkers of ill health in adults appear to be influenced by father's occupation and childhood home conditions. @entity32 and endothelial activation may in part act as intermediary phenotypes in this complex relationship. Reducing the 'health divide' requires that these life course determinants are taken into account.

title: Early life socioeconomic adversity is associated in adult life with XXXX , carotid atherosclerosis, poorer lung function and decreased cognitive performance: a cross-sectional, population-based study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['chronic inflammation']


abstract: A random sample of American Legion members in six states who had served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam @entity7971 was conducted through a mailed questionnaire, in order to determine patterns of usage of Veterans Administration health facilities, as well as attitudes toward the VA and experiences at these facilities. Of the 6810 male respondents, 42.0% had served in Southeast Asia. These subjects were categorized according to their level of combat in South Vietnam. Thirty-six percent of those who had served in Southeast Asia had used VA health facilities, compared to only 18% of @entity1 who served elsewhere. Among Southeast Asia veterans, combat level was an important predictor of extent of usage of VA facilities for problems of both physical and mental health. Combat level was also associated with lack of basic and major medical insurance. While @entity1 with lower incomes tended to make greater use of VA mental health facilities, nearly one-fourth of mental health users had family incomes above  30,000. Despite their greater usage of the VA, @entity1 with higher combat levels expressed lower feelings of security about this agency, and rated its staff less helpful and of lower quality than did @entity1 who experienced lower levels of combat. On the other hand, higher combat veterans thought themselves better informed about VA services. @entity1 who had gone to the VA for mental health assistance reported a disturbingly low frequency of having been asked basic questions that relate to possible diagnosis of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), questions related to combat, which may be one of its etiologic factors, or other questions relating to their military history. Because combat level in Vietnam veterans is a major determinant of both attitudes toward and utilization of VA health facilities, the VA as well as other health agencies which deal with Vietnam veterans should be especially sensitive to this factor, and should take it into consideration when evaluating veterans' physical and mental health.

title: Utilization, attitudes, and experiences of Vietnam XXXX veterans with Veterans Administration health facilities: the American Legion experience.

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity7971 :: (26284,Gene) :: ['Era']


abstract: We studied 192 recent clinical isolates, comprising six species of Gram-negative bacilli resistant either to @entity3524 or latamoxef ( @entity3399 ), from several hospitals. All isolates were resistant to several other third-generation cephalosporins or a @entity16397 . Two to five types of chromosomal beta-lactamases, as defined by isoelectric focusing, were readily identified in each species. Isolates of Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Serratia produced higher levels of chromosomal beta-lactamase than corresponding @entity3524 -susceptible strains. In addition, 20 of 57 produced one or two plasmid-determined beta-lactamases, @entity25054 , OXA-2, or a novel enzyme, OHIO-1. The penem and @entity2893 antibiotics, @entity12301 and @entity2892 , were more active than @entity3524 , @entity5505 , @entity2756 , @entity3399 and @entity5646 against isolates of Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Ent. aerogenes, Ent. cloacae and Morganella, whereas @entity2892 , @entity5505 , and @entity5646 were more active against Serratia isolates. The addition of plasmid-determined beta-lactamase increased resistance to @entity3400 , @entity2891 and @entity5503 but not to @entity3524 , @entity5505 , @entity2756 , latamoxef, @entity5646 , @entity12301 , or @entity2892 . Of 24 strains susceptible to @entity581 , none produced a plasmid-determined beta-lactamase, whereas 20 were found among the 33 strains resistant to @entity581 . Resistance of clinical isolates to newer @entity7660 appears to be due primarily to a high level of chromosomal cephalosporinase present without inducing agents. The plasmid-determined beta-lactamases, @entity25054 and OHIO-1, contributed little to resistance to most of the newer @entity7660 but were strongly associated with @entity4028 resistance in these selected isolates. The greater in-vitro efficacy of the penem and @entity2893 antibiotics, @entity12301 and @entity2892 , against most of these isolates makes them promising candidates as first line agents against these pathogens.

title: Gram-negative bacilli resistant to third-generation cephalosporins: beta-lactamase characterization and susceptibility to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5503 :: ('MESH:D002435', 'Chemical') :: ['cefamandole']

entities_list: @entity16397 :: ('CHEBI:50695', 'Chemical') :: ['monobactam']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity3399 :: ('MESH:D009070', 'Chemical') :: ['Moxalactam', 'latamoxef']

answer: @entity12301 :: (MESH:C044617,Chemical) :: ['Sch 34343']


abstract: One hundred twenty-three @entity1 with @entity281 due to Mycobacterium fortuitum or Mycobacterium chelonei were treated by wound debridement and with chemotherapy on the basis of in vitro susceptibilities of the organism. Of 76 @entity1 with @entity281 caused by M. fortuitum, 13 required no therapy or were adequately treated with surgery alone. @entity1 with active localized disease received single drug therapy (usually with a @entity11682 ) for a mean period of 10.6 weeks for @entity2688 and seven months for @entity4034 . @entity1 with @entity66 received @entity4509 or @entity4509 plus @entity3398 (mean, four weeks) followed by a @entity11682 (mean, six months). The 47 @entity1 with @entity281 caused by M. chelonei received no therapy or were treated with surgery alone (6); with @entity4509 (10), @entity2929 (6), @entity3403 (3), or @entity3398 (1); or with @entity4509 plus @entity3398 followed by @entity3398 alone for a total of 10-12 weeks (20); or other multiple-drug regimens (1). Surgery was performed on 74 (60%) @entity1 . Schlichter tests or serum drug levels were determined for 81 (66%) @entity1 . Response to therapy was excellent; 68 (90%) @entity281 with M. fortuitum and 34 (72%) with M. chelonei were successfully treated. Cultures became negative within six weeks of chemotherapy, except for sternal @entity4034 , for which cultures were not negative until up to 14 weeks. Follow-up for a mean period of 12 months following therapy was possible in 80% of cases. Relapses were rare except in @entity1 with disseminated disease, and drug resistance developed in only one @entity1 . These studies demonstrate the value of routine susceptibility testing of these mycobacterial species and the benefit of chemotherapy on the basis of in vitro susceptibilities.

title: Treatment of XXXX due to Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei on the basis of in vitro susceptibilities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'nonpulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['nonpulmonary infections']


abstract: The electrophoretic pattern of @entity462 proteinases in axenically grown myxamoebae of @entity4328 can be altered by the addition of either Gram-negative ( @entity9238 , @entity526 ) or Gram-positive ( @entity7178 , @entity3881 ) bacteria to the culture. No changes occurred, however, if either @entity375 or latex beads were used in place of bacteria. The changes involved the simultaneous loss of proteinases characteristic of the axenic cells (the A-forms) and the acquisition of those found in cells which have been grown on bacteria (the B-forms). Using @entity9238 the conversion was complete within 4 h. Extracellular proteinase activity was unaffected during this period. After the @entity4328 cells had been lysed, no equivalent change in proteinase band pattern could be produced either by prolonged incubation of cell extracts or by treatment with proteinases. An identical conversion could be induced in cultures of myxamoebae by a factor, @entity462 proteinase converting factor (CPCF), present in the 15,000 g supernatant of a sonicated suspension of @entity9238 . CPCF was macromolecular, as demonstrated by both ultrafiltration and gel filtration, acid-precipitable, but was soluble in @entity1068 or alkali. Its activity was unaffected by treatment with trypsin. The results suggested that CPCF might be a component of the bacterial cell wall, and since its activity was affected by lysozyme treatment, peptidoglycan is implicated. The results can be interpreted in terms of a novel nutrient-dependent post-translational change which affected most of the @entity462 proteinases present in @entity4328 myxamoebae.

title: A bacterial factor induces changes in @entity462 proteinase forms in the cellular slime mould XXXX .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity9238 :: ('548', 'Species') :: ['K. aerogenes', 'Klebsiella aerogenes']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['D. discoideum', 'Dictyostelium discoideum']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Species') :: ['Micrococcus lysodeikticus']

answer: @entity4328 :: (44689,Species) :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum']


abstract: The electrophoretic pattern of @entity462 proteinases in axenically grown myxamoebae of @entity4328 can be altered by the addition of either Gram-negative ( @entity9238 , @entity526 ) or Gram-positive ( @entity7178 , @entity3881 ) bacteria to the culture. No changes occurred, however, if either @entity375 or latex beads were used in place of bacteria. The changes involved the simultaneous loss of proteinases characteristic of the axenic cells (the A-forms) and the acquisition of those found in cells which have been grown on bacteria (the B-forms). Using @entity9238 the conversion was complete within 4 h. Extracellular proteinase activity was unaffected during this period. After the @entity4328 cells had been lysed, no equivalent change in proteinase band pattern could be produced either by prolonged incubation of cell extracts or by treatment with proteinases. An identical conversion could be induced in cultures of myxamoebae by a factor, @entity462 proteinase converting factor (CPCF), present in the 15,000 g supernatant of a sonicated suspension of @entity9238 . CPCF was macromolecular, as demonstrated by both ultrafiltration and gel filtration, acid-precipitable, but was soluble in @entity1068 or alkali. Its activity was unaffected by treatment with trypsin. The results suggested that CPCF might be a component of the bacterial cell wall, and since its activity was affected by lysozyme treatment, peptidoglycan is implicated. The results can be interpreted in terms of a novel nutrient-dependent post-translational change which affected most of the @entity462 proteinases present in @entity4328 myxamoebae.

title: A bacterial factor induces changes in XXXX proteinase forms in the cellular slime mould @entity4328 .

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: @entity101 is common in China. There have been 3,500 surgically treated cases reported since 1978. Of these, 97.8% were intrahepatic, of which 49.1% were @entity82 and 41.0% were schistosomatic. Portosystemic shunting was performed in 59.9% of the cases and portacaval shunting was performed in one third, with an operative mortality of 0% to 7%. The rebleeding rate was 4.0% to 24.1%. The five-year or greater survival rate was 63.8% to 83.0%. The rate of portal-azygous disconnection surgery has increased in recent years, constituting 40.1% of the various types of operation. In contrast with the viewpoint in Western countries, prophylactic operation is available. When treating @entity548 , most authors have preferred nonoperative treatment, but operation should not be delayed if this fails. The operative mortality of @entity1 undergoing emergency portosystemic shunting was 16% to 44%; in @entity1 undergoing portalazygous disconnection it was 7.1% to 44.3%.

title: Operations for portal XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['postnecrotic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['acute bleeding']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study for @entity614 due to @entity850 with @entity28523 ( @entity28523 ) at the L5/S disc. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the L5/S @entity28523 on @entity614 , due to L5/S @entity850 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Foraminal @entity850 has often been detected via images. However, although this condition is well known, it is occasionally overlooked during diagnosis, because @entity2850 is not always visible on stationary images. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent lumbar spine surgery were examined to determine the presence of @entity850 (n=194). The presence of @entity28523 and the range of motion of the L5/S disc were assessed on radiography with the lumbar spine in the extended and flexed positions. The shapes of the L5/S foramina were confirmed using sagittal magnetic resonance imaging. @entity1 who showed @entity28523 were divided into 2 groups: @entity1 with (group A) and without (group B) symptomatic @entity850 . The relationship between the @entity28523 and symptomatic @entity850 was examined. RESULTS: In total, 35 cases of @entity28523 at the L5/S disc were noted on lateral radiography. @entity614 due to L5/S @entity850 was identified in 14 of these 35 cases. The ranges of L5/S angles were 10    4   and 5    3   in groups A and B, respectively, and these values were significantly different (P < 0.01). 11 (48%) of 23L5/S foramina that showed @entity28523 of the L5/S disc and were completely occupied by a disc below the caudal edge of the vertebra had symptomatic @entity850 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that @entity28523 , which showed a large range of motion angle between flexion and extension, triggered symptoms of @entity850 at the L5/S disc. The dynamic motion of the @entity28523 should thus be considered for the diagnosis of L5/S @entity850 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: L5 @entity614 due to Foraminal XXXX Accompanied With Vacuum Phenomena of the L5/S Disc on Radiography Images in Extension Position.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['L5 radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['spinal nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis', 'foraminal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity28523 :: ('MESH:C566007', 'Disease') :: ['vacuum phenomena', 'VP']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Stenosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study for @entity614 due to @entity850 with @entity28523 ( @entity28523 ) at the L5/S disc. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the L5/S @entity28523 on @entity614 , due to L5/S @entity850 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Foraminal @entity850 has often been detected via images. However, although this condition is well known, it is occasionally overlooked during diagnosis, because @entity2850 is not always visible on stationary images. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent lumbar spine surgery were examined to determine the presence of @entity850 (n=194). The presence of @entity28523 and the range of motion of the L5/S disc were assessed on radiography with the lumbar spine in the extended and flexed positions. The shapes of the L5/S foramina were confirmed using sagittal magnetic resonance imaging. @entity1 who showed @entity28523 were divided into 2 groups: @entity1 with (group A) and without (group B) symptomatic @entity850 . The relationship between the @entity28523 and symptomatic @entity850 was examined. RESULTS: In total, 35 cases of @entity28523 at the L5/S disc were noted on lateral radiography. @entity614 due to L5/S @entity850 was identified in 14 of these 35 cases. The ranges of L5/S angles were 10    4   and 5    3   in groups A and B, respectively, and these values were significantly different (P < 0.01). 11 (48%) of 23L5/S foramina that showed @entity28523 of the L5/S disc and were completely occupied by a disc below the caudal edge of the vertebra had symptomatic @entity850 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that @entity28523 , which showed a large range of motion angle between flexion and extension, triggered symptoms of @entity850 at the L5/S disc. The dynamic motion of the @entity28523 should thus be considered for the diagnosis of L5/S @entity850 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: L5 XXXX due to Foraminal @entity850 Accompanied With Vacuum Phenomena of the L5/S Disc on Radiography Images in Extension Position.

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['Radiculopathy']


abstract: A retrospective analysis was performed on all five published clinical trials in which @entity10099 was given at a dosage of 600 mg daily. Two studies were undertaken in France, two in Germany, and one in Great Britain. Data for the analysis, which included the presence of risk factors, treadmill walking distances, and cardiovascular critical events that occurred during the course of the study, were generated from the @entity1 ' original study file. Included in the analysis were 888 @entity1 , 447 receiving @entity10099 and 441 receiving placebo. Although there were significant differences between the studies with regard to certain variables, distribution was comparable between the treatment groups justifying an analysis on the pooled sample. An intention-to-treat analysis based on a success/failure outcome was in favor of active treatment (p = 0.003) as was an analysis of change in @entity158 ( @entity158 ) (p < 0.002). None of the risk factors had any significant influence on change in @entity158 . A further analysis indicated that there were significantly fewer cardiovascular critical events in the @entity10099 group than in the placebo group (p = 0.029). Because the incidence of cardiovascular critical events was lower in those @entity1 who showed the greatest improvement in @entity158 , and as surgical intervention was the most frequently encountered critical event, it is possible that treatment with @entity10099 may lead to a reduction or postponement of surgery. Such a finding would have implications for health-care resources.

title: XXXX in intermittent claudication: a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity10099 :: ('MESH:D009257', 'Chemical') :: ['naftidrofuryl']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['PFWD', 'pain-free walking distance']

answer: @entity10099 :: (MESH:D009257,Chemical) :: ['Naftidrofuryl']


abstract: @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ), the most potent of the @entity5 promoting @entity4996 , modulates function in several immunoresponsive cells following in vitro exposure. Since suppression of cellular mechanisms capable of limiting @entity5 and infections can adversely affect health, these experiments were designed to evaluate relevant components of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) following in vivo @entity4515 exposure, and to determine the biological significance of any alterations utilizing assays of host resistance. Adult, female B6C3F1 @entity19 were administered 0.2, 2.0, 20.0 or 40.0 micrograms @entity4515 /g body weight subcutaneously over a two-week period. Mechanisms of cell-mediated host resistance were assessed by quantitating natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and macrophage-mediated lysis of radiolabelled @entity5 target cells, and macrophage-induced cytostasis in @entity5 cell populations. Macrophages from @entity4515 -treated @entity19 were cytostatic to @entity5 cells, inhibiting up to 90% of growth in cultured @entity5 cells, but were not tumoricidal. Furthermore, pyran-elicited (primed) macrophages, which are activated to fully cytotoxic states by in vitro exposure to lipopolysaccharide, were inhibited in tumoricidal activation by in vivo @entity4515 exposure. The induction of responsive but not cytotoxic macrophages by in vivo @entity4515 exposure is consistent with the enhanced resistance to Listeria bacterial challenge, and increased susceptibility to B16F10 @entity5 and Trichinella parasitic challenges observed in these @entity19 . Furthermore, previous reports of decreased in vitro NK activity following in vivo @entity4515 exposure and present observations of correlative decreases of in vivo NK activity (55% decrease in @entity19 exposed to 20 micrograms @entity4515 /g) suggest an important role for NK activity in limiting in vivo B16F10 @entity320 growth. CTL effector function was less susceptible to @entity4515 -induced suppression than NK function at similar dosages, further supporting a predominant role of macrophages and NK cells or possibly other effector functions in the resistance to Listeria, Trichinella, or B16F10 challenge. Nevertheless, significant suppressive effects of @entity4515 on CTL function at higher dosages cannot be excluded as contributing to altered host resistance to these agents. These studies demonstrate that in vivo exposure to @entity4515 can modify cell-mediated mechanisms of host resistance with coincident alterations in the incidence of @entity5 .

title: Correlation of @entity19 susceptibility to @entity5 , parasite and bacterial challenge with altered cell-mediated immunity following systemic exposure to the @entity5 promoter XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'infections and tumors']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol diesters']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity4514 :: (MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']


abstract: @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ), the most potent of the @entity5 promoting @entity4996 , modulates function in several immunoresponsive cells following in vitro exposure. Since suppression of cellular mechanisms capable of limiting @entity5 and infections can adversely affect health, these experiments were designed to evaluate relevant components of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) following in vivo @entity4515 exposure, and to determine the biological significance of any alterations utilizing assays of host resistance. Adult, female B6C3F1 @entity19 were administered 0.2, 2.0, 20.0 or 40.0 micrograms @entity4515 /g body weight subcutaneously over a two-week period. Mechanisms of cell-mediated host resistance were assessed by quantitating natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and macrophage-mediated lysis of radiolabelled @entity5 target cells, and macrophage-induced cytostasis in @entity5 cell populations. Macrophages from @entity4515 -treated @entity19 were cytostatic to @entity5 cells, inhibiting up to 90% of growth in cultured @entity5 cells, but were not tumoricidal. Furthermore, pyran-elicited (primed) macrophages, which are activated to fully cytotoxic states by in vitro exposure to lipopolysaccharide, were inhibited in tumoricidal activation by in vivo @entity4515 exposure. The induction of responsive but not cytotoxic macrophages by in vivo @entity4515 exposure is consistent with the enhanced resistance to Listeria bacterial challenge, and increased susceptibility to B16F10 @entity5 and Trichinella parasitic challenges observed in these @entity19 . Furthermore, previous reports of decreased in vitro NK activity following in vivo @entity4515 exposure and present observations of correlative decreases of in vivo NK activity (55% decrease in @entity19 exposed to 20 micrograms @entity4515 /g) suggest an important role for NK activity in limiting in vivo B16F10 @entity320 growth. CTL effector function was less susceptible to @entity4515 -induced suppression than NK function at similar dosages, further supporting a predominant role of macrophages and NK cells or possibly other effector functions in the resistance to Listeria, Trichinella, or B16F10 challenge. Nevertheless, significant suppressive effects of @entity4515 on CTL function at higher dosages cannot be excluded as contributing to altered host resistance to these agents. These studies demonstrate that in vivo exposure to @entity4515 can modify cell-mediated mechanisms of host resistance with coincident alterations in the incidence of @entity5 .

title: Correlation of @entity19 susceptibility to XXXX , parasite and bacterial challenge with altered cell-mediated immunity following systemic exposure to the @entity5 promoter @entity4514 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ), the most potent of the @entity5 promoting @entity4996 , modulates function in several immunoresponsive cells following in vitro exposure. Since suppression of cellular mechanisms capable of limiting @entity5 and infections can adversely affect health, these experiments were designed to evaluate relevant components of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) following in vivo @entity4515 exposure, and to determine the biological significance of any alterations utilizing assays of host resistance. Adult, female B6C3F1 @entity19 were administered 0.2, 2.0, 20.0 or 40.0 micrograms @entity4515 /g body weight subcutaneously over a two-week period. Mechanisms of cell-mediated host resistance were assessed by quantitating natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and macrophage-mediated lysis of radiolabelled @entity5 target cells, and macrophage-induced cytostasis in @entity5 cell populations. Macrophages from @entity4515 -treated @entity19 were cytostatic to @entity5 cells, inhibiting up to 90% of growth in cultured @entity5 cells, but were not tumoricidal. Furthermore, pyran-elicited (primed) macrophages, which are activated to fully cytotoxic states by in vitro exposure to lipopolysaccharide, were inhibited in tumoricidal activation by in vivo @entity4515 exposure. The induction of responsive but not cytotoxic macrophages by in vivo @entity4515 exposure is consistent with the enhanced resistance to Listeria bacterial challenge, and increased susceptibility to B16F10 @entity5 and Trichinella parasitic challenges observed in these @entity19 . Furthermore, previous reports of decreased in vitro NK activity following in vivo @entity4515 exposure and present observations of correlative decreases of in vivo NK activity (55% decrease in @entity19 exposed to 20 micrograms @entity4515 /g) suggest an important role for NK activity in limiting in vivo B16F10 @entity320 growth. CTL effector function was less susceptible to @entity4515 -induced suppression than NK function at similar dosages, further supporting a predominant role of macrophages and NK cells or possibly other effector functions in the resistance to Listeria, Trichinella, or B16F10 challenge. Nevertheless, significant suppressive effects of @entity4515 on CTL function at higher dosages cannot be excluded as contributing to altered host resistance to these agents. These studies demonstrate that in vivo exposure to @entity4515 can modify cell-mediated mechanisms of host resistance with coincident alterations in the incidence of @entity5 .

title: Correlation of @entity19 susceptibility to @entity5 , parasite and bacterial challenge with altered cell-mediated immunity following systemic exposure to the XXXX promoter @entity4514 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ), the most potent of the @entity5 promoting @entity4996 , modulates function in several immunoresponsive cells following in vitro exposure. Since suppression of cellular mechanisms capable of limiting @entity5 and infections can adversely affect health, these experiments were designed to evaluate relevant components of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) following in vivo @entity4515 exposure, and to determine the biological significance of any alterations utilizing assays of host resistance. Adult, female B6C3F1 @entity19 were administered 0.2, 2.0, 20.0 or 40.0 micrograms @entity4515 /g body weight subcutaneously over a two-week period. Mechanisms of cell-mediated host resistance were assessed by quantitating natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and macrophage-mediated lysis of radiolabelled @entity5 target cells, and macrophage-induced cytostasis in @entity5 cell populations. Macrophages from @entity4515 -treated @entity19 were cytostatic to @entity5 cells, inhibiting up to 90% of growth in cultured @entity5 cells, but were not tumoricidal. Furthermore, pyran-elicited (primed) macrophages, which are activated to fully cytotoxic states by in vitro exposure to lipopolysaccharide, were inhibited in tumoricidal activation by in vivo @entity4515 exposure. The induction of responsive but not cytotoxic macrophages by in vivo @entity4515 exposure is consistent with the enhanced resistance to Listeria bacterial challenge, and increased susceptibility to B16F10 @entity5 and Trichinella parasitic challenges observed in these @entity19 . Furthermore, previous reports of decreased in vitro NK activity following in vivo @entity4515 exposure and present observations of correlative decreases of in vivo NK activity (55% decrease in @entity19 exposed to 20 micrograms @entity4515 /g) suggest an important role for NK activity in limiting in vivo B16F10 @entity320 growth. CTL effector function was less susceptible to @entity4515 -induced suppression than NK function at similar dosages, further supporting a predominant role of macrophages and NK cells or possibly other effector functions in the resistance to Listeria, Trichinella, or B16F10 challenge. Nevertheless, significant suppressive effects of @entity4515 on CTL function at higher dosages cannot be excluded as contributing to altered host resistance to these agents. These studies demonstrate that in vivo exposure to @entity4515 can modify cell-mediated mechanisms of host resistance with coincident alterations in the incidence of @entity5 .

title: Correlation of XXXX susceptibility to @entity5 , parasite and bacterial challenge with altered cell-mediated immunity following systemic exposure to the @entity5 promoter @entity4514 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity14018 [Poly (I: C)], a ligand for Toll-like receptor ( @entity15905 ), is used as an adjuvant to enhance anti- @entity5 immunity because of its prominent effects on CD8 T cells and NK cells. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the main immunosuppressive factors in @entity5 , and their abnormal accumulation is correlated with the clinical stage of @entity0 and is an important mechanism of @entity5 immune evasion. Although Poly (I: C) is thought to have direct anti- @entity5 activity in different cell lines, its effect on immunosuppressive MDSCs in @entity5 -bearing animals has not been studied. 4T1-Luc, a metastatic @entity0 @entity19 cell line, was injected into the left flank of female BALB/c @entity19 . Tumor-bearing @entity19 were treated with i.p. injection of Poly (I: C) or PBS beginning on day 7 after @entity5 inoculation. WBCs and MDSCs were counted using coulter counter and stained for flow cytometry, respectively. Bioluminescent imaging was used to monitor @entity5 burden at multiple time points during the course of @entity5 growth. Poly (I: C) treatment led to a decrease in MDSC frequencies in BM, blood, and @entity5 compared to saline-treated control @entity19 . Poly (I: C) treatment also abrogated the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs, concomitant with an increase in local T cell response of the immune system in a @entity19 model of @entity0 . Poly (I: C) treatment decreases MDSC frequency and immunosuppressive function in 4T1- @entity5 -bearing hosts and effectively augments the activity of @entity0 immunotherapy.

title: Poly (I: C) modulates the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity14018 [Poly (I: C)], a ligand for Toll-like receptor ( @entity15905 ), is used as an adjuvant to enhance anti- @entity5 immunity because of its prominent effects on CD8 T cells and NK cells. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the main immunosuppressive factors in @entity5 , and their abnormal accumulation is correlated with the clinical stage of @entity0 and is an important mechanism of @entity5 immune evasion. Although Poly (I: C) is thought to have direct anti- @entity5 activity in different cell lines, its effect on immunosuppressive MDSCs in @entity5 -bearing animals has not been studied. 4T1-Luc, a metastatic @entity0 @entity19 cell line, was injected into the left flank of female BALB/c @entity19 . Tumor-bearing @entity19 were treated with i.p. injection of Poly (I: C) or PBS beginning on day 7 after @entity5 inoculation. WBCs and MDSCs were counted using coulter counter and stained for flow cytometry, respectively. Bioluminescent imaging was used to monitor @entity5 burden at multiple time points during the course of @entity5 growth. Poly (I: C) treatment led to a decrease in MDSC frequencies in BM, blood, and @entity5 compared to saline-treated control @entity19 . Poly (I: C) treatment also abrogated the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs, concomitant with an increase in local T cell response of the immune system in a @entity19 model of @entity0 . Poly (I: C) treatment decreases MDSC frequency and immunosuppressive function in 4T1- @entity5 -bearing hosts and effectively augments the activity of @entity0 immunotherapy.

title: Poly (I: C) modulates the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in a XXXX model of @entity0 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Insulin rapidly stimulates @entity669 kinase activity of its receptor resulting in phosphorylation of its cytosolic substrate @entity8277 substrate 1 ( @entity10175 ), which in turn associates with and activates the enzyme @entity4357 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). In the present study we have examined these three initial steps in insulin action during the differentiation of 3T3-F442A adipocytes and after treatment with @entity619 or insulin. The differentiation of 3T3-F442A cells was characterized by a 13-fold increase in @entity8277 protein, a 9-fold increase in @entity10175 , and a 10- and 4.5-fold increase in their insulin-stimulated phosphorylation, respectively. The mRNA expression of these two proteins showed a similar 8-fold increase during differentiation. In addition there was a 3.5-fold increase in PI 3-kinase protein [85 kilodalton (kDa) subunit] and a 16-fold increase in @entity10175 -associated PI 3-kinase activity between day 0 and day 8 of differentiation. @entity619 (1 microM) treatment of differentiated cells induced a further 48% (P < 0.05) increase in @entity8277 level, but the autophosphorylation of the receptor was decreased by 31 +/- 1% (P < 0.02). At the same time there was a decrease by 56 +/- 4% (P < 0.005) in @entity10175 protein and by 31 +/- 1% (P < 0.001) in @entity10175 phosphorylation. The expression of @entity8277 mRNA was unchanged, but the expression of @entity10175 mRNA was decreased by approximately 75% after @entity619 . By contrast, @entity619 induced a 69% increase in the level of PI 3-kinase as determined by immunoblotting. The combined effect of decreased @entity10175 phosphorylation and increased PI 3-kinase protein was a minimal change (15% decrease) in the association/activation between @entity10175 and PI 3-kinase. Chronic treatment with 100 nM insulin induced a time- and dose-dependent decrease in @entity8277 and @entity10175 protein levels reaching a nadir of 34 +/- 5% (P < 0.005) and 39 +/- 5% (P < 0.01) of control levels after 24 h, respectively. There was an even more marked decrease in the phosphorylation level of these proteins. Chronic insulin treatment also produced a 30% decrease in PI 3-kinase protein levels and a approximately 50% decrease in the association/activation between @entity10175 /PI 3-kinase. The expression of @entity8277 and @entity10175 mRNA was unchanged during chronic insulin treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Regulation of @entity8277 , XXXX substrate-1 and @entity4357 3-kinase in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. Effects of differentiation, insulin, and @entity619 .

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity8277 :: (3643,Gene) :: ['insulin receptor']